diff --git a/.venv/bin/Activate.ps1 b/.venv/bin/Activate.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b49d77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/Activate.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
+
+.Description
+Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
+$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
+in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
+well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
+
+.Parameter VenvDir
+Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
+default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
+script is located within.
+
+.Parameter Prompt
+The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
+default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
+surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Verbose
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
+Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
+parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
+
+.Notes
+On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
+execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
+command:
+
+PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+
+For more information on Execution Policies: 
+https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
+
+#>
+Param(
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $VenvDir,
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $Prompt
+)
+
+<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
+addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
+the PATH variable.
+
+.Parameter NonDestructive
+If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
+session.
+
+#>
+function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
+    # Revert to original values
+
+    # The prior prompt:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
+        Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # The prior PYTHONHOME:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    }
+
+    # The prior PATH:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
+    }
+
+    # Just remove VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT altogether.
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
+    if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+        Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
+    }
+
+    # Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
+    if (-not $NonDestructive) {
+        Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
+    }
+}
+
+<#
+.Description
+Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
+given folder, and returns them in a map.
+
+For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
+two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
+then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
+the right hand is the value.
+
+If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
+stripped from the value before being captured.
+
+.Parameter ConfigDir
+Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
+#>
+function Get-PyVenvConfig(
+    [String]
+    $ConfigDir
+) {
+    Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
+
+    # Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
+    $pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
+
+    # An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
+    $pyvenvConfig = @{ }
+
+    if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
+
+        Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
+        $pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
+
+        $pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
+            $keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
+            if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
+                $val = $keyval[1]
+
+                # Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
+                if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
+                    $val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
+                }
+
+                $pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
+                Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $pyvenvConfig
+}
+
+
+<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+# Determine the containing directory of this script
+$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
+$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
+
+Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
+
+# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
+# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
+# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
+if ($VenvDir) {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
+    $VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
+}
+
+# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
+# as `prompt`.
+$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
+
+# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
+# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
+if ($Prompt) {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
+    if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
+        $Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
+    }
+    else {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virtual environment)"
+        Write-Verbose "  Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
+        $Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
+
+# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
+# deactivate function in place.
+deactivate -nondestructive
+
+# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
+# that there is an activated venv.
+$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
+
+if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
+
+    Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
+
+    # Set the prompt to include the env name
+    # Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
+    function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
+    Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
+
+    function global:prompt {
+        Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
+        _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+    $env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT = $Prompt
+}
+
+# Clear PYTHONHOME
+if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
+    Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
+}
+
+# Add the venv to the PATH
+Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"
diff --git a/.venv/bin/activate b/.venv/bin/activate
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa39ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/activate
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
+# You cannot run it directly
+
+deactivate () {
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
+        PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
+        export PATH
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    fi
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+        PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
+        export PYTHONHOME
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    fi
+
+    # Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    hash -r 2> /dev/null
+
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
+        PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
+        export PS1
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
+    fi
+
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
+    # Self destruct!
+        unset -f deactivate
+    fi
+}
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+# on Windows, a path can contain colons and backslashes and has to be converted:
+if [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "cygwin" ] || [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "msys" ] ; then
+    # transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS
+    # and to /cygdrive/d/path/to/venv on Cygwin
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv)
+else
+    # use the path as-is
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv
+fi
+
+_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin":$PATH"
+export PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
+# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
+if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
+    unset PYTHONHOME
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
+    PS1='(.venv) '"${PS1:-}"
+    export PS1
+    VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT='(.venv) '
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+fi
+
+# Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+hash -r 2> /dev/null
diff --git a/.venv/bin/activate.csh b/.venv/bin/activate.csh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46e7718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/activate.csh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
+# You cannot run it directly.
+
+# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
+# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
+
+alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin":$PATH"
+
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
+
+if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
+    set prompt = '(.venv) '"$prompt"
+    setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT '(.venv) '
+endif
+
+alias pydoc python -m pydoc
+
+rehash
diff --git a/.venv/bin/activate.fish b/.venv/bin/activate.fish
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b94e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/activate.fish
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
+# (https://fishshell.com/). You cannot run it directly.
+
+function deactivate  -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
+        set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    end
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
+        set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    end
+
+    if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
+        set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
+        # prevents error when using nested fish instances (Issue #93858)
+        if functions -q _old_fish_prompt
+            functions -e fish_prompt
+            functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
+            functions -e _old_fish_prompt
+        end
+    end
+
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
+        # Self-destruct!
+        functions -e deactivate
+    end
+end
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv
+
+set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin $PATH
+
+# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
+if set -q PYTHONHOME
+    set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
+    set -e PYTHONHOME
+end
+
+if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
+    # fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
+
+    # Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
+    functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
+
+    # With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
+    function fish_prompt
+        # Save the return status of the last command.
+        set -l old_status $status
+
+        # Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
+        printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) '(.venv) ' (set_color normal)
+
+        # Restore the return status of the previous command.
+        echo "exit $old_status" | .
+        # Output the original/"old" prompt.
+        _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT '(.venv) '
+end
diff --git a/.venv/bin/dotenv b/.venv/bin/dotenv
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c904b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/dotenv
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from dotenv.__main__ import cli
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(cli())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/fastapi b/.venv/bin/fastapi
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b411b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/fastapi
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from fastapi.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/httpx b/.venv/bin/httpx
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ca483f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/httpx
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from httpx import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/idna b/.venv/bin/idna
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..107238b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/idna
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from idna.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/pip b/.venv/bin/pip
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0d8ec9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/pip
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/pip3 b/.venv/bin/pip3
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0d8ec9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/pip3
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/pip3.12 b/.venv/bin/pip3.12
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0d8ec9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/pip3.12
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/python b/.venv/bin/python
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..b8a0adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/bin/python3 b/.venv/bin/python3
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..ae65fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/python3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/usr/bin/python3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/bin/python3.12 b/.venv/bin/python3.12
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..b8a0adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/python3.12
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/bin/uvicorn b/.venv/bin/uvicorn
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d900b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/uvicorn
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from uvicorn.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/watchfiles b/.venv/bin/watchfiles
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1b18025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/watchfiles
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from watchfiles.cli import cli
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(cli())
diff --git a/.venv/bin/websockets b/.venv/bin/websockets
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4fe7d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/bin/websockets
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from websockets.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3053f44
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7baa8c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# This is a stub package designed to roughly emulate the _yaml
+# extension module, which previously existed as a standalone module
+# and has been moved into the `yaml` package namespace.
+# It does not perfectly mimic its old counterpart, but should get
+# close enough for anyone who's relying on it even when they shouldn't.
+import yaml
+
+# in some circumstances, the yaml module we imoprted may be from a different version, so we need
+# to tread carefully when poking at it here (it may not have the attributes we expect)
+if not getattr(yaml, '__with_libyaml__', False):
+    from sys import version_info
+
+    exc = ModuleNotFoundError if version_info >= (3, 6) else ImportError
+    raise exc("No module named '_yaml'")
+else:
+    from yaml._yaml import *
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn(
+        'The _yaml extension module is now located at yaml._yaml'
+        ' and its location is subject to change.  To use the'
+        ' LibYAML-based parser and emitter, import from `yaml`:'
+        ' `from yaml import CLoader as Loader, CDumper as Dumper`.',
+        DeprecationWarning
+    )
+    del warnings
+    # Don't `del yaml` here because yaml is actually an existing
+    # namespace member of _yaml.
+
+__name__ = '_yaml'
+# If the module is top-level (i.e. not a part of any specific package)
+# then the attribute should be set to ''.
+# https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/types.html
+__package__ = ''
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bf7a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: annotated-doc
+Version: 0.0.4
+Summary: Document parameters, class attributes, return types, and variables inline, with Annotated.
+Author-Email: =?utf-8?q?Sebasti=C3=A1n_Ram=C3=ADrez?= <tiangolo@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/issues
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/release-notes.md
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Annotated Doc
+
+Document parameters, class attributes, return types, and variables inline, with `Annotated`.
+
+<a href="https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amain" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?event=push&branch=main" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/fastapi/annotated-doc" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/fastapi/annotated-doc.svg" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/annotated-doc" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/annotated-doc?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/annotated-doc" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/annotated-doc.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
+</a>
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install annotated-doc
+```
+
+Or with `uv`:
+
+```Python
+uv add annotated-doc
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Import `Doc` and pass a single literal string with the documentation for the specific parameter, class attribute, return type, or variable.
+
+For example, to document a parameter `name` in a function `hi` you could do:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+
+def hi(name: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None:
+    print(f"Hi, {name}!")
+```
+
+You can also use it to document class attributes:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+
+class User:
+    name: Annotated[str, Doc("The user's name")]
+    age: Annotated[int, Doc("The user's age")]
+```
+
+The same way, you could document return types and variables, or anything that could have a type annotation with `Annotated`.
+
+## Who Uses This
+
+`annotated-doc` was made for:
+
+* [FastAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/)
+* [Typer](https://typer.tiangolo.com/)
+* [SQLModel](https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/)
+* [Asyncer](https://asyncer.tiangolo.com/)
+
+`annotated-doc` is supported by [griffe-typingdoc](https://github.com/mkdocstrings/griffe-typingdoc), which powers reference documentation like the one in the [FastAPI Reference](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/reference/).
+
+## Reasons not to use `annotated-doc`
+
+You are already comfortable with one of the existing docstring formats, like:
+
+* Sphinx
+* numpydoc
+* Google
+* Keras
+
+Your team is already comfortable using them.
+
+You prefer having the documentation about parameters all together in a docstring, separated from the code defining them.
+
+You care about a specific set of users, using one specific editor, and that editor already has support for the specific docstring format you use.
+
+## Reasons to use `annotated-doc`
+
+* No micro-syntax to learn for newcomers, it’s **just Python** syntax.
+* **Editing** would be already fully supported by default by any editor (current or future) supporting Python syntax, including syntax errors, syntax highlighting, etc.
+* **Rendering** would be relatively straightforward to implement by static tools (tools that don't need runtime execution), as the information can be extracted from the AST they normally already create.
+* **Deduplication of information**: the name of a parameter would be defined in a single place, not duplicated inside of a docstring.
+* **Elimination** of the possibility of having **inconsistencies** when removing a parameter or class variable and **forgetting to remove** its documentation.
+* **Minimization** of the probability of adding a new parameter or class variable and **forgetting to add its documentation**.
+* **Elimination** of the possibility of having **inconsistencies** between the **name** of a parameter in the **signature** and the name in the docstring when it is renamed.
+* **Access** to the documentation string for each symbol at **runtime**, including existing (older) Python versions.
+* A more formalized way to document other symbols, like type aliases, that could use Annotated.
+* **Support** for apps using FastAPI, Typer and others.
+* **AI Accessibility**: AI tools will have an easier way understanding each parameter as the distance from documentation to parameter is much closer.
+
+## History
+
+I ([@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo)) originally wanted for this to be part of the Python standard library (in [PEP 727](https://peps.python.org/pep-0727/)), but the proposal was withdrawn as there was a fair amount of negative feedback and opposition.
+
+The conclusion was that this was better done as an external effort, in a third-party library.
+
+So, here it is, with a simpler approach, as a third-party library, in a way that can be used by others, starting with FastAPI and friends.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..549e005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Irm5KJua33dY2qKKAjJ-OhKaVBVIfwFGej_dSe3Z1TU,6566
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD,,
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=9P2ygRxDrTJz3gsagc0Z96ukrxjr-LFBGOgv3AuKlCA,90
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=6OYgBcLyFCUgeqLgnvMyOJxPCWzgy7se4rLPKtNonMs,34
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=__Fwd5pqy_ZavbQFwIfxzuF4ZpHkqWpANFF-SlBKDN8,1086
+annotated_doc/__init__.py,sha256=VuyxxUe80kfEyWnOrCx_Bk8hybo3aKo6RYBlkBBYW8k,52
+annotated_doc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_doc/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_doc/main.py,sha256=5Zfvxv80SwwLqpRW73AZyZyiM4bWma9QWRbp_cgD20s,1075
+annotated_doc/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..045c8ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: pdm-backend (2.4.5)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ad472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[console_scripts]
+
+[gui_scripts]
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a25446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Sebastián Ramírez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0152a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .main import Doc as Doc
+
+__version__ = "0.0.4"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7063c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+class Doc:
+    """Define the documentation of a type annotation using `Annotated`, to be
+        used in class attributes, function and method parameters, return values,
+        and variables.
+
+    The value should be a positional-only string literal to allow static tools
+    like editors and documentation generators to use it.
+
+    This complements docstrings.
+
+    The string value passed is available in the attribute `documentation`.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```Python
+    from typing import Annotated
+    from annotated_doc import Doc
+
+    def hi(name: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None:
+        print(f"Hi, {name}!")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, documentation: str, /) -> None:
+        self.documentation = documentation
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Doc({self.documentation!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.documentation)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Doc):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.documentation == other.documentation
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: annotated-types
+Version: 0.7.0
+Summary: Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/releases
+Author-email: Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Zac Hatfield-Dodds <zac@zhd.dev>
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Environment :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Unix
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.0.0; python_version < '3.9'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# annotated-types
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/workflows/CI/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/annotated-types.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/annotated-types)
+[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/annotated-types/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+[PEP-593](https://peps.python.org/pep-0593/) added `typing.Annotated` as a way of
+adding context-specific metadata to existing types, and specifies that
+`Annotated[T, x]` _should_ be treated as `T` by any tool or library without special
+logic for `x`.
+
+This package provides metadata objects which can be used to represent common
+constraints such as upper and lower bounds on scalar values and collection sizes,
+a `Predicate` marker for runtime checks, and
+descriptions of how we intend these metadata to be interpreted. In some cases,
+we also note alternative representations which do not require this package.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install annotated-types
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+from annotated_types import Gt, Len, Predicate
+
+class MyClass:
+    age: Annotated[int, Gt(18)]                         # Valid: 19, 20, ...
+                                                        # Invalid: 17, 18, "19", 19.0, ...
+    factors: list[Annotated[int, Predicate(is_prime)]]  # Valid: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
+                                                        # Invalid: 4, 8, -2, 5.0, "prime", ...
+
+    my_list: Annotated[list[int], Len(0, 10)]           # Valid: [], [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+                                                        # Invalid: (1, 2), ["abc"], [0] * 20
+```
+
+## Documentation
+
+_While `annotated-types` avoids runtime checks for performance, users should not
+construct invalid combinations such as `MultipleOf("non-numeric")` or `Annotated[int, Len(3)]`.
+Downstream implementors may choose to raise an error, emit a warning, silently ignore
+a metadata item, etc., if the metadata objects described below are used with an
+incompatible type - or for any other reason!_
+
+### Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
+
+Express inclusive and/or exclusive bounds on orderable values - which may be numbers,
+dates, times, strings, sets, etc. Note that the boundary value need not be of the
+same type that was annotated, so long as they can be compared: `Annotated[int, Gt(1.5)]`
+is fine, for example, and implies that the value is an integer x such that `x > 1.5`.
+
+We suggest that implementors may also interpret `functools.partial(operator.le, 1.5)`
+as being equivalent to `Gt(1.5)`, for users who wish to avoid a runtime dependency on
+the `annotated-types` package.
+
+To be explicit, these types have the following meanings:
+
+* `Gt(x)` - value must be "Greater Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive minimum
+* `Ge(x)` - value must be "Greater than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive minimum
+* `Lt(x)` - value must be "Less Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive maximum
+* `Le(x)` - value must be "Less than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive maximum
+
+### Interval
+
+`Interval(gt, ge, lt, le)` allows you to specify an upper and lower bound with a single
+metadata object. `None` attributes should be ignored, and non-`None` attributes
+treated as per the single bounds above.
+
+### MultipleOf
+
+`MultipleOf(multiple_of=x)` might be interpreted in two ways:
+
+1. Python semantics, implying `value % multiple_of == 0`, or
+2. [JSONschema semantics](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.6.2.1),
+   where `int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of`.
+
+We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations and their
+distinct behaviours, especially since very large or non-integer numbers make
+it easy to cause silent data corruption due to floating-point imprecision.
+
+We encourage libraries to carefully document which interpretation they implement.
+
+### MinLen, MaxLen, Len
+
+`Len()` implies that `min_length <= len(value) <= max_length` - lower and upper bounds are inclusive.
+
+As well as `Len()` which can optionally include upper and lower bounds, we also
+provide `MinLen(x)` and `MaxLen(y)` which are equivalent to `Len(min_length=x)`
+and `Len(max_length=y)` respectively.
+
+`Len`, `MinLen`, and `MaxLen` may be used with any type which supports `len(value)`.
+
+Examples of usage:
+
+* `Annotated[list, MaxLen(10)]` (or `Annotated[list, Len(max_length=10))`) - list must have a length of 10 or less
+* `Annotated[str, MaxLen(10)]` - string must have a length of 10 or less
+* `Annotated[list, MinLen(3))` (or `Annotated[list, Len(min_length=3))`) - list must have a length of 3 or more
+* `Annotated[list, Len(4, 6)]` - list must have a length of 4, 5, or 6
+* `Annotated[list, Len(8, 8)]` - list must have a length of exactly 8
+
+#### Changed in v0.4.0
+
+* `min_inclusive` has been renamed to `min_length`, no change in meaning
+* `max_exclusive` has been renamed to `max_length`, upper bound is now **inclusive** instead of **exclusive**
+* The recommendation that slices are interpreted as `Len` has been removed due to ambiguity and different semantic
+  meaning of the upper bound in slices vs. `Len`
+
+See [issue #23](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/issues/23) for discussion.
+
+### Timezone
+
+`Timezone` can be used with a `datetime` or a `time` to express which timezones
+are allowed. `Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]` must be a naive datetime.
+`Timezone[...]` ([literal ellipsis](https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis))
+expresses that any timezone-aware datetime is allowed. You may also pass a specific
+timezone string or [`tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects)
+object such as `Timezone(timezone.utc)` or `Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")` to express that you only
+allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often a symptom of fragile design.
+
+#### Changed in v0.x.x
+
+* `Timezone` accepts [`tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects) objects instead of
+  `timezone`, extending compatibility to [`zoneinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html) and third party libraries.
+
+### Unit
+
+`Unit(unit: str)` expresses that the annotated numeric value is the magnitude of
+a quantity with the specified unit. For example, `Annotated[float, Unit("m/s")]`
+would be a float representing a velocity in meters per second.
+
+Please note that `annotated_types` itself makes no attempt to parse or validate
+the unit string in any way. That is left entirely to downstream libraries,
+such as [`pint`](https://pint.readthedocs.io) or
+[`astropy.units`](https://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/units/).
+
+An example of how a library might use this metadata:
+
+```python
+from annotated_types import Unit
+from typing import Annotated, TypeVar, Callable, Any, get_origin, get_args
+
+# given a type annotated with a unit:
+Meters = Annotated[float, Unit("m")]
+
+
+# you can cast the annotation to a specific unit type with any
+# callable that accepts a string and returns the desired type
+T = TypeVar("T")
+def cast_unit(tp: Any, unit_cls: Callable[[str], T]) -> T | None:
+    if get_origin(tp) is Annotated:
+        for arg in get_args(tp):
+            if isinstance(arg, Unit):
+                return unit_cls(arg.unit)
+    return None
+
+
+# using `pint`
+import pint
+pint_unit = cast_unit(Meters, pint.Unit)
+
+
+# using `astropy.units`
+import astropy.units as u
+astropy_unit = cast_unit(Meters, u.Unit)
+```
+
+### Predicate
+
+`Predicate(func: Callable)` expresses that `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
+Users should prefer the statically inspectable metadata above, but if you need
+the full power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
+
+For some common constraints, we provide generic types:
+
+* `IsLower       = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.islower)]`
+* `IsUpper       = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.isupper)]`
+* `IsDigit       = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.isdigit)]`
+* `IsFinite      = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isfinite)]`
+* `IsNotFinite   = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]`
+* `IsNan         = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isnan)]`
+* `IsNotNan      = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]`
+* `IsInfinite    = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isinf)]`
+* `IsNotInfinite = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]`
+
+so that you can write e.g. `x: IsFinite[float] = 2.0` instead of the longer
+(but exactly equivalent) `x: Annotated[float, Predicate(math.isfinite)] = 2.0`.
+
+Some libraries might have special logic to handle known or understandable predicates,
+for example by checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom
+logic to enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
+Users are therefore encouraged to avoid indirection like `lambda s: s.lower()`, in
+favor of introspectable methods such as `str.lower` or `re.compile("pattern").search`.
+
+To enable basic negation of commonly used predicates like `math.isnan` without introducing introspection that makes it impossible for implementers to introspect the predicate we provide a `Not` wrapper that simply negates the predicate in an introspectable manner. Several of the predicates listed above are created in this manner.
+
+We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
+an exception.  For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
+skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
+and then propagate or discard the resulting
+`TypeError: descriptor 'isdigit' for 'str' objects doesn't apply to a 'int' object`
+exception.  We encourage libraries to document the behaviour they choose.
+
+### Doc
+
+`doc()` can be used to add documentation information in `Annotated`, for function and method parameters, variables, class attributes, return types, and any place where `Annotated` can be used.
+
+It expects a value that can be statically analyzed, as the main use case is for static analysis, editors, documentation generators, and similar tools.
+
+It returns a `DocInfo` class with a single attribute `documentation` containing the value passed to `doc()`.
+
+This is the early adopter's alternative form of the [`typing-doc` proposal](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/typing-doc/typing_doc.md).
+
+### Integrating downstream types with `GroupedMetadata`
+
+Implementers may choose to provide a convenience wrapper that groups multiple pieces of metadata.
+This can help reduce verbosity and cognitive overhead for users.
+For example, an implementer like Pydantic might provide a `Field` or `Meta` type that accepts keyword arguments and transforms these into low-level metadata:
+
+```python
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Iterator
+from annotated_types import GroupedMetadata, Ge
+
+@dataclass
+class Field(GroupedMetadata):
+    ge: int | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
+        # Iterating over a GroupedMetadata object should yield annotated-types
+        # constraint metadata objects which describe it as fully as possible,
+        # and may include other unknown objects too.
+        if self.ge is not None:
+            yield Ge(self.ge)
+        if self.description is not None:
+            yield Description(self.description)
+```
+
+Libraries consuming annotated-types constraints should check for `GroupedMetadata` and unpack it by iterating over the object and treating the results as if they had been "unpacked" in the `Annotated` type.  The same logic should be applied to the [PEP 646 `Unpack` type](https://peps.python.org/pep-0646/), so that `Annotated[T, Field(...)]`, `Annotated[T, Unpack[Field(...)]]` and `Annotated[T, *Field(...)]` are all treated consistently.
+
+Libraries consuming annotated-types should also ignore any metadata they do not recongize that came from unpacking a `GroupedMetadata`, just like they ignore unrecognized metadata in `Annotated` itself.
+
+Our own `annotated_types.Interval` class is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `Gt`, `Lt`, etc., so this is not an abstract concern.  Similarly, `annotated_types.Len` is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `MinLen` (optionally) and `MaxLen`.
+
+### Consuming metadata
+
+We intend to not be prescriptive as to _how_ the metadata and constraints are used, but as an example of how one might parse constraints from types annotations see our [implementation in `test_main.py`](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/f59cf6d1b5255a0fe359b93896759a180bec30ae/tests/test_main.py#L94-L103).
+
+It is up to the implementer to determine how this metadata is used.
+You could use the metadata for runtime type checking, for generating schemas or to generate example data, amongst other use cases.
+
+## Design & History
+
+This package was designed at the PyCon 2022 sprints by the maintainers of Pydantic
+and Hypothesis, with the goal of making it as easy as possible for end-users to
+provide more informative annotations for use by runtime libraries.
+
+It is deliberately minimal, and following PEP-593 allows considerable downstream
+discretion in what (if anything!) they choose to support. Nonetheless, we expect
+that staying simple and covering _only_ the most common use-cases will give users
+and maintainers the best experience we can. If you'd like more constraints for your
+types - follow our lead, by defining them and documenting them downstream!
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a66e278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=7ltqxksJJ0wCYFGBNIQCWTlWQGeAH0hRFdnK3CB895E,15046
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=zEMcRr9Kr03x1ozGwg5v9NQBKn3kndp6LSoSlVg-jhU,87
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=_hBJiEsaDZNCkB6I4H8ykl0ksxIdmXK2poBfuYJLCV0,1083
+annotated_types/__init__.py,sha256=RynLsRKUEGI0KimXydlD1fZEfEzWwDo0Uon3zOKhG1Q,13819
+annotated_types/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_types/__pycache__/test_cases.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_types/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+annotated_types/test_cases.py,sha256=zHFX6EpcMbGJ8FzBYDbO56bPwx_DYIVSKbZM-4B3_lg,6421
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..516596c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.24.2
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99323a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 the contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74e0dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+import math
+import sys
+import types
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import tzinfo
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex, TypeVar, Union
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing_extensions import Protocol, runtime_checkable
+else:
+    from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+    from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
+else:
+    from typing import Annotated, Literal
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
+    KW_ONLY = {}
+    SLOTS = {}
+else:
+    from types import EllipsisType
+
+    KW_ONLY = {"kw_only": True}
+    SLOTS = {"slots": True}
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    'BaseMetadata',
+    'GroupedMetadata',
+    'Gt',
+    'Ge',
+    'Lt',
+    'Le',
+    'Interval',
+    'MultipleOf',
+    'MinLen',
+    'MaxLen',
+    'Len',
+    'Timezone',
+    'Predicate',
+    'LowerCase',
+    'UpperCase',
+    'IsDigits',
+    'IsFinite',
+    'IsNotFinite',
+    'IsNan',
+    'IsNotNan',
+    'IsInfinite',
+    'IsNotInfinite',
+    'doc',
+    'DocInfo',
+    '__version__',
+)
+
+__version__ = '0.7.0'
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+# arguments that start with __ are considered
+# positional only
+# see https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#positional-only-arguments
+
+
+class SupportsGt(Protocol):
+    def __gt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsGe(Protocol):
+    def __ge__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsLt(Protocol):
+    def __lt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsLe(Protocol):
+    def __le__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsMod(Protocol):
+    def __mod__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsDiv(Protocol):
+    def __div__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
+        ...
+
+
+class BaseMetadata:
+    """Base class for all metadata.
+
+    This exists mainly so that implementers
+    can do `isinstance(..., BaseMetadata)` while traversing field annotations.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Gt(BaseMetadata):
+    """Gt(gt=x) implies that the value must be greater than x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``>`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    gt: SupportsGt
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Ge(BaseMetadata):
+    """Ge(ge=x) implies that the value must be greater than or equal to x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``>=`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    ge: SupportsGe
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Lt(BaseMetadata):
+    """Lt(lt=x) implies that the value must be less than x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``<`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    lt: SupportsLt
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Le(BaseMetadata):
+    """Le(le=x) implies that the value must be less than or equal to x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``<=`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    le: SupportsLe
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class GroupedMetadata(Protocol):
+    """A grouping of multiple objects, like typing.Unpack.
+
+    `GroupedMetadata` on its own is not metadata and has no meaning.
+    All of the constraints and metadata should be fully expressable
+    in terms of the `BaseMetadata`'s returned by `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`.
+
+    Concrete implementations should override `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`
+    to add their own metadata.
+    For example:
+
+    >>> @dataclass
+    >>> class Field(GroupedMetadata):
+    >>>     gt: float | None = None
+    >>>     description: str | None = None
+    ...
+    >>>     def __iter__(self) -> Iterable[object]:
+    >>>         if self.gt is not None:
+    >>>             yield Gt(self.gt)
+    >>>         if self.description is not None:
+    >>>             yield Description(self.gt)
+
+    Also see the implementation of `Interval` below for an example.
+
+    Parsers should recognize this and unpack it so that it can be used
+    both with and without unpacking:
+
+    - `Annotated[int, Field(...)]` (parser must unpack Field)
+    - `Annotated[int, *Field(...)]` (PEP-646)
+    """  # noqa: trailing-whitespace
+
+    @property
+    def __is_annotated_types_grouped_metadata__(self) -> Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
+        ...
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        __slots__ = ()  # allow subclasses to use slots
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            # Basic ABC like functionality without the complexity of an ABC
+            super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+            if cls.__iter__ is GroupedMetadata.__iter__:
+                raise TypeError("Can't subclass GroupedMetadata without implementing __iter__")
+
+        def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:  # noqa: F811
+            raise NotImplementedError  # more helpful than "None has no attribute..." type errors
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **KW_ONLY, **SLOTS)
+class Interval(GroupedMetadata):
+    """Interval can express inclusive or exclusive bounds with a single object.
+
+    It accepts keyword arguments ``gt``, ``ge``, ``lt``, and/or ``le``, which
+    are interpreted the same way as the single-bound constraints.
+    """
+
+    gt: Union[SupportsGt, None] = None
+    ge: Union[SupportsGe, None] = None
+    lt: Union[SupportsLt, None] = None
+    le: Union[SupportsLe, None] = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
+        """Unpack an Interval into zero or more single-bounds."""
+        if self.gt is not None:
+            yield Gt(self.gt)
+        if self.ge is not None:
+            yield Ge(self.ge)
+        if self.lt is not None:
+            yield Lt(self.lt)
+        if self.le is not None:
+            yield Le(self.le)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class MultipleOf(BaseMetadata):
+    """MultipleOf(multiple_of=x) might be interpreted in two ways:
+
+    1. Python semantics, implying ``value % multiple_of == 0``, or
+    2. JSONschema semantics, where ``int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of``
+
+    We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations,
+    and libraries to carefully document which they implement.
+    """
+
+    multiple_of: Union[SupportsDiv, SupportsMod]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class MinLen(BaseMetadata):
+    """
+    MinLen() implies minimum inclusive length,
+    e.g. ``len(value) >= min_length``.
+    """
+
+    min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class MaxLen(BaseMetadata):
+    """
+    MaxLen() implies maximum inclusive length,
+    e.g. ``len(value) <= max_length``.
+    """
+
+    max_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Len(GroupedMetadata):
+    """
+    Len() implies that ``min_length <= len(value) <= max_length``.
+
+    Upper bound may be omitted or ``None`` to indicate no upper length bound.
+    """
+
+    min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)] = 0
+    max_length: Optional[Annotated[int, Ge(0)]] = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
+        """Unpack a Len into zone or more single-bounds."""
+        if self.min_length > 0:
+            yield MinLen(self.min_length)
+        if self.max_length is not None:
+            yield MaxLen(self.max_length)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Timezone(BaseMetadata):
+    """Timezone(tz=...) requires a datetime to be aware (or ``tz=None``, naive).
+
+    ``Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]`` must be a naive datetime.
+    ``Timezone[...]`` (the ellipsis literal) expresses that the datetime must be
+    tz-aware but any timezone is allowed.
+
+    You may also pass a specific timezone string or tzinfo object such as
+    ``Timezone(timezone.utc)`` or ``Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")`` to express that
+    you only allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often
+    a symptom of poor design.
+    """
+
+    tz: Union[str, tzinfo, EllipsisType, None]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Unit(BaseMetadata):
+    """Indicates that the value is a physical quantity with the specified unit.
+
+    It is intended for usage with numeric types, where the value represents the
+    magnitude of the quantity. For example, ``distance: Annotated[float, Unit('m')]``
+    or ``speed: Annotated[float, Unit('m/s')]``.
+
+    Interpretation of the unit string is left to the discretion of the consumer.
+    It is suggested to follow conventions established by python libraries that work
+    with physical quantities, such as
+
+    - ``pint`` : <https://pint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>
+    - ``astropy.units``: <https://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/units/>
+
+    For indicating a quantity with a certain dimensionality but without a specific unit
+    it is recommended to use square brackets, e.g. `Annotated[float, Unit('[time]')]`.
+    Note, however, ``annotated_types`` itself makes no use of the unit string.
+    """
+
+    unit: str
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Predicate(BaseMetadata):
+    """``Predicate(func: Callable)`` implies `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
+
+    Users should prefer statically inspectable metadata, but if you need the full
+    power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
+
+    We provide a few predefined predicates for common string constraints:
+    ``IsLower = Predicate(str.islower)``, ``IsUpper = Predicate(str.isupper)``, and
+    ``IsDigits = Predicate(str.isdigit)``. Users are encouraged to use methods which
+    can be given special handling, and avoid indirection like ``lambda s: s.lower()``.
+
+    Some libraries might have special logic to handle certain predicates, e.g. by
+    checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom logic to
+    enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
+
+    We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
+    an exception.  For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
+    skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
+    and then propagate or discard the resulting exception.
+    """
+
+    func: Callable[[Any], bool]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if getattr(self.func, "__name__", "<lambda>") == "<lambda>":
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func!r})"
+        if isinstance(self.func, (types.MethodType, types.BuiltinMethodType)) and (
+            namespace := getattr(self.func.__self__, "__name__", None)
+        ):
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({namespace}.{self.func.__name__})"
+        if isinstance(self.func, type(str.isascii)):  # method descriptor
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func.__qualname__})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func.__name__})"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Not:
+    func: Callable[[Any], bool]
+
+    def __call__(self, __v: Any) -> bool:
+        return not self.func(__v)
+
+
+_StrType = TypeVar("_StrType", bound=str)
+
+LowerCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.islower)]
+"""
+Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
+
+A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
+"""  # noqa: E501
+UpperCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isupper)]
+"""
+Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
+
+A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
+"""  # noqa: E501
+IsDigit = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isdigit)]
+IsDigits = IsDigit  # type: ignore  # plural for backwards compatibility, see #63
+"""
+Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
+
+A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
+"""  # noqa: E501
+IsAscii = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isascii)]
+"""
+Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
+
+ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
+"""
+
+_NumericType = TypeVar('_NumericType', bound=Union[SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex])
+IsFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isfinite)]
+"""Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise."""
+IsNotFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]
+"""Return True if x is one of infinity or NaN, and False otherwise"""
+IsNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isnan)]
+"""Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
+IsNotNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]
+"""Return True if x is anything but NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
+IsInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isinf)]
+"""Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
+IsNotInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]
+"""Return True if x is neither a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
+
+try:
+    from typing_extensions import DocInfo, doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+except ImportError:
+
+    @dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+    class DocInfo:  # type: ignore [no-redef]
+        """ "
+        The return value of doc(), mainly to be used by tools that want to extract the
+        Annotated documentation at runtime.
+        """
+
+        documentation: str
+        """The documentation string passed to doc()."""
+
+    def doc(
+        documentation: str,
+    ) -> DocInfo:
+        """
+        Add documentation to a type annotation inside of Annotated.
+
+        For example:
+
+        >>> def hi(name: Annotated[int, doc("The name of the user")]) -> None: ...
+        """
+        return DocInfo(documentation)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__pycache__/test_cases.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__pycache__/test_cases.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/test_cases.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/test_cases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9164d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/test_cases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import math
+import sys
+from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from decimal import Decimal
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+    from typing_extensions import Annotated
+else:
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+import annotated_types as at
+
+
+class Case(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    A test case for `annotated_types`.
+    """
+
+    annotation: Any
+    valid_cases: Iterable[Any]
+    invalid_cases: Iterable[Any]
+
+
+def cases() -> Iterable[Case]:
+    # Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Gt(4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Gt(0.5)], (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.5, 0.0, -0.1))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(date(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [date(2000, 1, 2), date(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [date(2000, 1, 1), date(1999, 12, 31)],
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(Decimal('1.123'))],
+        [Decimal('1.1231'), Decimal('123')],
+        [Decimal('1.123'), Decimal('0')],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Ge(4)], (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4), (0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Ge(0.5)], (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.4, 0.0, -0.1))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Ge(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [datetime(1998, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Lt(4)], (0, -1), (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Lt(0.5)], (0.4, 0.0, -0.1), (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Lt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(1999, 12, 31), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Le(4)], (4, 0, -1), (5, 6, 1000))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Le(0.5)], (0.5, 0.0, -0.1), (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Le(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+    )
+
+    # Interval
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4, lt=10)], (5, 6), (4, 10, 1000, 0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Interval(ge=0.5, le=1)], (0.5, 0.9, 1), (0.49, 1.1))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Interval(gt=datetime(2000, 1, 1), le=datetime(2000, 1, 3))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 4)],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=3)], (0, 3, 9), (1, 2, 4))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=0.5)], (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5), (0.4, 1.1))
+
+    # lengths
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MinLen(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[int], at.MinLen(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[int], at.Len(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MaxLen(4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(0, 4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[str], at.MaxLen(4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[str], at.Len(0, 4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 5)], ('123', '12345'), ('', '1', '12', '123456', 'x' * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 3)], ('123',), ('12', '1234'))
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[Dict[int, int], at.Len(2, 3)], [{1: 1, 2: 2}], [{}, {1: 1}, {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}])
+    yield Case(Annotated[Set[int], at.Len(2, 3)], ({1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}), (set(), {1}, {1, 2, 3, 4}))
+    yield Case(Annotated[Tuple[int, ...], at.Len(2, 3)], ((1, 2), (1, 2, 3)), ((), (1,), (1, 2, 3, 4)))
+
+    # Timezone
+
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(None)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)]
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(...)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)]
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(timezone.utc)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone('Europe/London')],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(0), name='Europe/London'))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
+    )
+
+    # Quantity
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Unit(unit='m')], (5, 4.2), ('5m', '4.2m'))
+
+    # predicate types
+
+    yield Case(at.LowerCase[str], ['abc', 'foobar'], ['', 'A', 'Boom'])
+    yield Case(at.UpperCase[str], ['ABC', 'DEFO'], ['', 'a', 'abc', 'AbC'])
+    yield Case(at.IsDigit[str], ['123'], ['', 'ab', 'a1b2'])
+    yield Case(at.IsAscii[str], ['123', 'foo bar'], ['£100', '😊', 'whatever 👀'])
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Predicate(lambda x: x % 2 == 0)], [0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5])
+
+    yield Case(at.IsFinite[float], [1.23], [math.nan, math.inf, -math.inf])
+    yield Case(at.IsNotFinite[float], [math.nan, math.inf], [1.23])
+    yield Case(at.IsNan[float], [math.nan], [1.23, math.inf])
+    yield Case(at.IsNotNan[float], [1.23, math.inf], [math.nan])
+    yield Case(at.IsInfinite[float], [math.inf], [math.nan, 1.23])
+    yield Case(at.IsNotInfinite[float], [math.nan, 1.23], [math.inf])
+
+    # check stacked predicates
+    yield Case(at.IsInfinite[Annotated[float, at.Predicate(lambda x: x > 0)]], [math.inf], [-math.inf, 1.23, math.nan])
+
+    # doc
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.doc("A number")], [1, 2], [])
+
+    # custom GroupedMetadata
+    class MyCustomGroupedMetadata(at.GroupedMetadata):
+        def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[at.Predicate]:
+            yield at.Predicate(lambda x: float(x).is_integer())
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, MyCustomGroupedMetadata()], [0, 2.0], [0.01, 1.5])
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7840c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: anyio
+Version: 4.14.0
+Summary: High-level concurrency and networking framework on top of asyncio or Trio
+Author-email: Alex Grönholm <alex.gronholm@nextday.fi>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/versionhistory.html
+Project-URL: Source code, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio
+Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/issues
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: exceptiongroup>=1.0.2; python_version < "3.11"
+Requires-Dist: idna>=2.8
+Requires-Dist: typing_extensions>=4.5; python_version < "3.13"
+Provides-Extra: trio
+Requires-Dist: trio>=0.32.0; extra == "trio"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+  :target: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml
+  :alt: Build Status
+.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/agronholm/anyio/badge.svg?branch=master
+  :target: https://coveralls.io/github/agronholm/anyio?branch=master
+  :alt: Code Coverage
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/anyio/badge/?version=latest
+  :target: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+  :alt: Documentation
+.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
+  :target: https://gitter.im/python-trio/AnyIO
+  :alt: Gitter chat
+.. image:: https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/anyio
+  :target: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-anyio
+  :alt: Tidelift
+
+AnyIO is an asynchronous networking and concurrency library that works on top of either asyncio_ or
+Trio_. It implements Trio-like `structured concurrency`_ (SC) on top of asyncio and works in harmony
+with the native SC of Trio itself.
+
+Applications and libraries written against AnyIO's API will run unmodified on either asyncio_ or
+Trio_. AnyIO can also be adopted into a library or application incrementally – bit by bit, no full
+refactoring necessary. It will blend in with the native libraries of your chosen backend.
+
+To find out why you might want to use AnyIO's APIs instead of asyncio's, you can read about it
+`here <https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/why.html>`_.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+View full documentation at: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/
+
+Features
+--------
+
+AnyIO offers the following functionality:
+
+* Task groups (nurseries_ in trio terminology)
+* High-level networking (TCP, UDP and UNIX sockets)
+
+  * `Happy eyeballs`_ algorithm for TCP connections (more robust than that of asyncio on Python
+    3.8)
+  * async/await style UDP sockets (unlike asyncio where you still have to use Transports and
+    Protocols)
+
+* A versatile API for byte streams and object streams
+* Inter-task synchronization and communication (locks, conditions, events, semaphores, object
+  streams)
+* Worker threads
+* Subprocesses
+* Subinterpreter support for code parallelization (on Python 3.13 and later)
+* Asynchronous file I/O (using worker threads)
+* Signal handling
+* Asynchronous versions of the functools_ and itertools_ modules
+
+AnyIO also comes with its own pytest_ plugin which also supports asynchronous fixtures.
+It even works with the popular Hypothesis_ library.
+
+.. _asyncio: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
+.. _Trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
+.. _structured concurrency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_concurrency
+.. _nurseries: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-core.html#nurseries-and-spawning
+.. _Happy eyeballs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Eyeballs
+.. _pytest: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
+.. _functools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html
+.. _itertools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html
+.. _Hypothesis: https://hypothesis.works/
+
+Security contact information
+----------------------------
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the `Tidelift security contact`_.
+Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+.. _Tidelift security contact: https://tidelift.com/security
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e984ddd
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a883f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44dd9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[pytest11]
+anyio = anyio.pytest_plugin
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..104eebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Grönholm
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c77c069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+anyio
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2502c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._core._contextmanagers import AsyncContextManagerMixin as AsyncContextManagerMixin
+from ._core._contextmanagers import ContextManagerMixin as ContextManagerMixin
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time as current_time
+from ._core._eventloop import get_all_backends as get_all_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import get_available_backends as get_available_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import get_cancelled_exc_class as get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._core._eventloop import run as run
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep as sleep
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep_forever as sleep_forever
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep_until as sleep_until
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenResourceError as BrokenResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter as BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess as BrokenWorkerProcess
+from ._core._exceptions import BusyResourceError as BusyResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import ClosedResourceError as ClosedResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import ConnectionFailed as ConnectionFailed
+from ._core._exceptions import DelimiterNotFound as DelimiterNotFound
+from ._core._exceptions import EndOfStream as EndOfStream
+from ._core._exceptions import IncompleteRead as IncompleteRead
+from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError as NoEventLoopError
+from ._core._exceptions import RunFinishedError as RunFinishedError
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskCancelled as TaskCancelled
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskFailed as TaskFailed
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskNotFinished as TaskNotFinished
+from ._core._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError as TypedAttributeLookupError
+from ._core._exceptions import WouldBlock as WouldBlock
+from ._core._fileio import AsyncFile as AsyncFile
+from ._core._fileio import Path as Path
+from ._core._fileio import open_file as open_file
+from ._core._fileio import wrap_file as wrap_file
+from ._core._resources import aclose_forcefully as aclose_forcefully
+from ._core._signals import open_signal_receiver as open_signal_receiver
+from ._core._sockets import TCPConnectable as TCPConnectable
+from ._core._sockets import UNIXConnectable as UNIXConnectable
+from ._core._sockets import as_connectable as as_connectable
+from ._core._sockets import connect_tcp as connect_tcp
+from ._core._sockets import connect_unix as connect_unix
+from ._core._sockets import create_connected_udp_socket as create_connected_udp_socket
+from ._core._sockets import (
+    create_connected_unix_datagram_socket as create_connected_unix_datagram_socket,
+)
+from ._core._sockets import create_tcp_listener as create_tcp_listener
+from ._core._sockets import create_udp_socket as create_udp_socket
+from ._core._sockets import create_unix_datagram_socket as create_unix_datagram_socket
+from ._core._sockets import create_unix_listener as create_unix_listener
+from ._core._sockets import getaddrinfo as getaddrinfo
+from ._core._sockets import getnameinfo as getnameinfo
+from ._core._sockets import notify_closing as notify_closing
+from ._core._sockets import wait_readable as wait_readable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_readable as wait_socket_readable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_writable as wait_socket_writable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_writable as wait_writable
+from ._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream as create_memory_object_stream
+from ._core._subprocesses import open_process as open_process
+from ._core._subprocesses import run_process as run_process
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter
+from ._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics as CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+)
+from ._core._synchronization import Condition as Condition
+from ._core._synchronization import ConditionStatistics as ConditionStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import Event as Event
+from ._core._synchronization import EventStatistics as EventStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock as Lock
+from ._core._synchronization import LockStatistics as LockStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import ResourceGuard as ResourceGuard
+from ._core._synchronization import Semaphore as Semaphore
+from ._core._synchronization import SemaphoreStatistics as SemaphoreStatistics
+from ._core._tasks import TASK_STATUS_IGNORED as TASK_STATUS_IGNORED
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ._core._tasks import TaskHandle as TaskHandle
+from ._core._tasks import create_task_group as create_task_group
+from ._core._tasks import current_effective_deadline as current_effective_deadline
+from ._core._tasks import fail_after as fail_after
+from ._core._tasks import move_on_after as move_on_after
+from ._core._tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile as NamedTemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile as SpooledTemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryDirectory as TemporaryDirectory
+from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryFile as TemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import gettempdir as gettempdir
+from ._core._tempfile import gettempdirb as gettempdirb
+from ._core._tempfile import mkdtemp as mkdtemp
+from ._core._tempfile import mkstemp as mkstemp
+from ._core._testing import TaskInfo as TaskInfo
+from ._core._testing import get_current_task as get_current_task
+from ._core._testing import get_running_tasks as get_running_tasks
+from ._core._testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked as wait_all_tasks_blocked
+from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider as TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet as TypedAttributeSet
+from ._core._typedattr import typed_attribute as typed_attribute
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+
+del __value
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr: str) -> type[BrokenWorkerInterpreter]:
+    """Support deprecated aliases."""
+    if attr == "BrokenWorkerIntepreter":
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The 'BrokenWorkerIntepreter' alias is deprecated, use 'BrokenWorkerInterpreter' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {attr!r}")
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index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__pycache__/_trio.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__pycache__/_trio.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a51a150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3073 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import contextvars
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+import weakref
+from asyncio import (
+    AbstractEventLoop,
+    CancelledError,
+    all_tasks,
+    create_task,
+    current_task,
+    get_running_loop,
+    sleep,
+)
+from asyncio.base_events import _run_until_complete_cb  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextvars import Context, copy_context
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from inspect import (
+    CORO_RUNNING,
+    CORO_SUSPENDED,
+    getcoroutinestate,
+)
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from queue import Queue
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from threading import Thread
+from types import CodeType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    TaskInfo,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import (
+    claim_worker_thread,
+    set_current_async_library,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from .._core._tasks import TaskHandle
+from ..abc import (
+    AsyncBackend,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    UDPPacketType,
+    UNIXDatagramPacketType,
+)
+from ..abc._eventloop import StrOrBytesPath
+from ..abc._tasks import call_for_coroutine, get_callable_name
+from ..lowlevel import RunVar
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from asyncio import Runner
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    import contextvars
+    import enum
+    import signal
+    from asyncio import coroutines, events, exceptions, tasks
+
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+    class _State(enum.Enum):
+        CREATED = "created"
+        INITIALIZED = "initialized"
+        CLOSED = "closed"
+
+    class Runner:
+        # Copied from CPython 3.11
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            *,
+            debug: bool | None = None,
+            loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+        ):
+            self._state = _State.CREATED
+            self._debug = debug
+            self._loop_factory = loop_factory
+            self._loop: AbstractEventLoop | None = None
+            self._context = None
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            self._set_event_loop = False
+
+        def __enter__(self) -> Runner:
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(
+            self,
+            exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+            exc_val: BaseException | None,
+            exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+        ) -> None:
+            self.close()
+
+        def close(self) -> None:
+            """Shutdown and close event loop."""
+            loop = self._loop
+            if self._state is not _State.INITIALIZED or loop is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                if hasattr(loop, "shutdown_default_executor"):
+                    loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+                else:
+                    loop.run_until_complete(_shutdown_default_executor(loop))
+            finally:
+                if self._set_event_loop:
+                    events.set_event_loop(None)
+                loop.close()
+                self._loop = None
+                self._state = _State.CLOSED
+
+        def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+            """Return embedded event loop."""
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self._loop
+
+        def run(self, coro: Coroutine[T_Retval], *, context=None) -> T_Retval:
+            """Run a coroutine inside the embedded event loop."""
+            if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
+                raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {coro!r}")
+
+            if events._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                # fail fast with short traceback
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Runner.run() cannot be called from a running event loop"
+                )
+
+            self._lazy_init()
+
+            if context is None:
+                context = self._context
+            task = context.run(self._loop.create_task, coro)
+
+            if (
+                threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread()
+                and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is signal.default_int_handler
+            ):
+                sigint_handler = partial(self._on_sigint, main_task=task)
+                try:
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # `signal.signal` may throw if `threading.main_thread` does
+                    # not support signals (e.g. embedded interpreter with signals
+                    # not registered - see gh-91880)
+                    sigint_handler = None
+            else:
+                sigint_handler = None
+
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            try:
+                return self._loop.run_until_complete(task)
+            except exceptions.CancelledError:
+                if self._interrupt_count > 0:
+                    uncancel = getattr(task, "uncancel", None)
+                    if uncancel is not None and uncancel() == 0:
+                        raise KeyboardInterrupt  # noqa: B904
+                raise  # CancelledError
+            finally:
+                if (
+                    sigint_handler is not None
+                    and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is sigint_handler
+                ):
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.default_int_handler)
+
+        def _lazy_init(self) -> None:
+            if self._state is _State.CLOSED:
+                raise RuntimeError("Runner is closed")
+            if self._state is _State.INITIALIZED:
+                return
+            if self._loop_factory is None:
+                self._loop = events.new_event_loop()
+                if not self._set_event_loop:
+                    # Call set_event_loop only once to avoid calling
+                    # attach_loop multiple times on child watchers
+                    events.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+                    self._set_event_loop = True
+            else:
+                self._loop = self._loop_factory()
+            if self._debug is not None:
+                self._loop.set_debug(self._debug)
+            self._context = contextvars.copy_context()
+            self._state = _State.INITIALIZED
+
+        def _on_sigint(self, signum, frame, main_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            self._interrupt_count += 1
+            if self._interrupt_count == 1 and not main_task.done():
+                main_task.cancel()
+                # wakeup loop if it is blocked by select() with long timeout
+                self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(lambda: None)
+                return
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        to_cancel = tasks.all_tasks(loop)
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(tasks.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler(
+                    {
+                        "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown",
+                        "exception": task.exception(),
+                        "task": task,
+                    }
+                )
+
+    async def _shutdown_default_executor(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor."""
+
+        def _do_shutdown(future: asyncio.futures.Future) -> None:
+            try:
+                loop._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex)
+
+        loop._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        if loop._default_executor is None:
+            return
+        future = loop.create_future()
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=_do_shutdown, args=(future,))
+        thread.start()
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            thread.join()
+
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+_root_task: RunVar[asyncio.Task | None] = RunVar("_root_task")
+
+
+def find_root_task() -> asyncio.Task:
+    root_task = _root_task.get(None)
+    if root_task is not None and not root_task.done():
+        return root_task
+
+    # Look for a task that has been started via run_until_complete()
+    for task in all_tasks():
+        if task._callbacks and not task.done():
+            callbacks = [cb for cb, context in task._callbacks]
+            for cb in callbacks:
+                if (
+                    cb is _run_until_complete_cb
+                    or getattr(cb, "__module__", None) == "uvloop.loop"
+                ):
+                    _root_task.set(task)
+                    return task
+
+    # Look up the topmost task in the AnyIO task tree, if possible
+    task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+    state = _task_states.get(task)
+    if state:
+        cancel_scope = state.cancel_scope
+        while cancel_scope and cancel_scope._parent_scope is not None:
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        if cancel_scope is not None:
+            return cast(asyncio.Task, cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+    return task
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Any] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+def _task_started(task: asyncio.Task) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` if the task has been started and has not finished."""
+    # The task coro should never be None here, as we never add finished tasks to the
+    # task list
+    coro = task.get_coro()
+    assert coro is not None
+    return getcoroutinestate(coro) in (CORO_RUNNING, CORO_SUSPENDED)
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+def is_anyio_cancellation(exc: CancelledError) -> bool:
+    # Sometimes third party frameworks catch a CancelledError and raise a new one, so as
+    # a workaround we have to look at the previous ones in __context__ too for a
+    # matching cancel message
+    while True:
+        if (
+            exc.args
+            and isinstance(exc.args[0], str)
+            and exc.args[0].startswith("Cancelled via cancel scope ")
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if isinstance(exc.__context__, CancelledError):
+            exc = exc.__context__
+            continue
+
+        return False
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_active",
+        "_cancel_called",
+        "_cancel_handle",
+        "_cancel_reason",
+        "_cancelled_caught",
+        "_child_scopes",
+        "_deadline",
+        "_host_task",
+        "_parent_scope",
+        "_pending_uncancellations",
+        "_shield",
+        "_tasks",
+        "_timeout_handle",
+    )
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False):
+        self._deadline = deadline
+        self._shield = shield
+        self._parent_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+        self._child_scopes: set[CancelScope] = set()
+        self._cancel_called = False
+        self._cancel_reason: str | None = None
+        self._cancelled_caught = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._timeout_handle: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None
+        self._cancel_handle: asyncio.Handle | None = None
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._host_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            self._pending_uncancellations: int | None = 0
+        else:
+            self._pending_uncancellations = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        if self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Each CancelScope may only be used for a single 'with' block"
+            )
+
+        self._host_task = host_task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        self._tasks.add(host_task)
+        try:
+            task_state = _task_states[host_task]
+        except KeyError:
+            task_state = TaskState(None, self)
+            _task_states[host_task] = task_state
+        else:
+            self._parent_scope = task_state.cancel_scope
+            task_state.cancel_scope = self
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                # If using an eager task factory, the parent scope may not even contain
+                # the host task
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.add(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.discard(host_task)
+
+        self._timeout()
+        self._active = True
+
+        # Start cancelling the host task if the scope was cancelled before entering
+        if self._cancel_called:
+            self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        del exc_tb
+
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError("This cancel scope is not active")
+        if current_task() is not self._host_task:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit cancel scope in a different task than it was "
+                "entered in"
+            )
+
+        assert self._host_task is not None
+        host_task_state = _task_states.get(self._host_task)
+        if host_task_state is None or host_task_state.cancel_scope is not self:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit a cancel scope that isn't the current tasks's "
+                "current cancel scope"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self._active = False
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._tasks.remove(self._host_task)
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.remove(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.add(self._host_task)
+
+            host_task_state.cancel_scope = self._parent_scope
+
+            # Restart the cancellation effort in the closest visible, cancelled parent
+            # scope if necessary
+            self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+            # We only swallow the exception iff it was an AnyIO CancelledError, either
+            # directly as exc_val or inside an exception group and there are no cancelled
+            # parent cancel scopes visible to us here
+            if self._cancel_called and not self._parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us:
+                # For each level-cancel() call made on the host task, call uncancel()
+                while self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    self._host_task.uncancel()
+                    self._pending_uncancellations -= 1
+
+                # Update cancelled_caught and check for exceptions we must not swallow
+                if isinstance(exc_val, BaseExceptionGroup):
+                    cancelleds_caught, remaining = exc_val.split(
+                        lambda exc: (
+                            isinstance(exc, CancelledError)
+                            and is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                    if cancelleds_caught is None:
+                        return False
+
+                    self._cancelled_caught = True
+
+                    if remaining is None:
+                        return True
+
+                    context = remaining.__context__
+                    try:
+                        # Preserve __cause__ and __suppress_context__ by avoiding `raise
+                        # ... from ...`
+                        raise remaining
+                    finally:
+                        # Preserve __context__
+                        remaining.__context__ = context
+                        del context
+                else:
+                    if isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError) and is_anyio_cancellation(
+                        exc_val
+                    ):
+                        self._cancelled_caught = True
+                        return True
+                    else:
+                        return False
+            else:
+                if self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    assert self._parent_scope is not None
+                    assert self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations += (
+                        self._pending_uncancellations
+                    )
+                    self._pending_uncancellations = 0
+
+                return False
+        finally:
+            self._host_task = None
+            del exc_val
+
+    @property
+    def _effectively_cancelled(self) -> bool:
+        cancel_scope: CancelScope | None = self
+        while cancel_scope is not None:
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                return True
+
+            if cancel_scope.shield:
+                return False
+
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._parent_scope is not None
+            and not self.shield
+            and self._parent_scope._effectively_cancelled
+        )
+
+    def _timeout(self) -> None:
+        if self._deadline != math.inf:
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            if loop.time() >= self._deadline:
+                self.cancel("deadline exceeded")
+            else:
+                self._timeout_handle = loop.call_at(self._deadline, self._timeout)
+
+    def _deliver_cancellation(self, origin: CancelScope) -> bool:
+        """
+        Deliver cancellation to directly contained tasks and nested cancel scopes.
+
+        Schedule another run at the end if we still have tasks eligible for
+        cancellation.
+
+        :param origin: the cancel scope that originated the cancellation
+        :return: ``True`` if the delivery needs to be retried on the next cycle
+
+        """
+        should_retry = False
+        current = current_task()
+        for task in self._tasks:
+            should_retry = True
+            if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                continue
+
+            # The task is eligible for cancellation if it has started
+            if task is not current and (task is self._host_task or _task_started(task)):
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if not isinstance(waiter, asyncio.Future) or not waiter.done():
+                    task.cancel(origin._cancel_reason)
+                    if (
+                        task is origin._host_task
+                        and origin._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    ):
+                        origin._pending_uncancellations += 1
+
+        # Deliver cancellation to child scopes that aren't shielded or running their own
+        # cancellation callbacks
+        for scope in self._child_scopes:
+            if not scope._shield and not scope.cancel_called:
+                should_retry = scope._deliver_cancellation(origin) or should_retry
+
+        # Schedule another callback if there are still tasks left
+        if origin is self:
+            if should_retry:
+                self._cancel_handle = get_running_loop().call_soon(
+                    self._deliver_cancellation, origin
+                )
+            else:
+                self._cancel_handle = None
+
+        return should_retry
+
+    def _restart_cancellation_in_parent(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Restart the cancellation effort in the closest directly cancelled parent scope.
+
+        """
+        scope = self._parent_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope._cancel_called:
+                if scope._cancel_handle is None:
+                    scope._deliver_cancellation(scope)
+
+                break
+
+            # No point in looking beyond any shielded scope
+            if scope._shield:
+                break
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._cancel_called:
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._cancel_called = True
+            self._cancel_reason = f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(self):x}"
+            if task := current_task():
+                self._cancel_reason += f" by {task}"
+
+            if reason:
+                self._cancel_reason += f"; reason: {reason}"
+
+            if self._host_task is not None:
+                self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self._deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._deadline = float(value)
+        if self._timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._timeout_handle = None
+
+        if self._active and not self._cancel_called:
+            self._timeout()
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self._shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        if self._shield != value:
+            self._shield = value
+            if not value:
+                self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+
+#
+# Task states
+#
+
+
+class TaskState:
+    """
+    Encapsulates auxiliary task information that cannot be added to the Task instance
+    itself because there are no guarantees about its implementation.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "parent_id", "cancel_scope", "__weakref__"
+
+    def __init__(self, parent_id: int | None, cancel_scope: CancelScope | None):
+        self.parent_id = parent_id
+        self.cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+
+
+_task_states: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.Task, TaskState] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+
+class _AsyncioTaskStatus(abc.TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: asyncio.Future, parent_id: int):
+        self._future = future
+        self._parent_id = parent_id
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._future.set_result(value)
+        except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+            if not self._future.cancelled():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "called 'started' twice on the same task status"
+                ) from None
+
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        _task_states[task].parent_id = self._parent_id
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    _eager_task_factory_code: CodeType | None = asyncio.eager_task_factory.__code__
+else:
+    _eager_task_factory_code = None
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.cancel_scope: CancelScope = CancelScope()
+        self._entered = False
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._on_completed_fut: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        if self._entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("TaskGroup cannot be entered more than once")
+
+        self._entered = True
+
+        self.cancel_scope.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            if exc_val is not None:
+                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                if not isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError):
+                    self._exceptions.append(exc_val)
+
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            try:
+                if self._tasks:
+                    with CancelScope() as wait_scope:
+                        while self._tasks:
+                            self._on_completed_fut = loop.create_future()
+
+                            try:
+                                await self._on_completed_fut
+                            except CancelledError as exc:
+                                # Shield the scope against further cancellation attempts,
+                                # as they're not productive (#695)
+                                wait_scope.shield = True
+                                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                                # Set exc_val from the cancellation exception if it was
+                                # previously unset. However, we should not replace a native
+                                # cancellation exception with one raise by a cancel scope.
+                                if exc_val is None or (
+                                    isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError)
+                                    and not is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                                ):
+                                    exc_val = exc
+
+                            self._on_completed_fut = None
+                else:
+                    # If there are no child tasks to wait on, run at least one checkpoint
+                    # anyway
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+                if self._exceptions:
+                    # The exception that got us here should already have been
+                    # added to self._exceptions so it's ok to break exception
+                    # chaining and avoid adding a "During handling of above..."
+                    # for each nesting level.
+                    raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                        "unhandled errors in a TaskGroup", self._exceptions
+                    ) from None
+                elif exc_val:
+                    raise exc_val
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if self.cancel_scope.__exit__(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__):
+                    return True
+
+                raise
+
+            return self.cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb, self._exceptions
+
+    def _spawn(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        name: object,
+        task_status_future: asyncio.Future | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        def task_done(_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+                asyncio.future_discard_from_awaited_by(
+                    _task, self.cancel_scope._host_task
+                )
+
+            task_state = _task_states[_task]
+            assert task_state.cancel_scope is not None
+            assert _task in task_state.cancel_scope._tasks
+            task_state.cancel_scope._tasks.remove(_task)
+            self._tasks.remove(task)
+            del _task_states[_task]
+
+            if self._on_completed_fut is not None and not self._tasks:
+                try:
+                    self._on_completed_fut.set_result(None)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+            try:
+                exc = _task.exception()
+            except CancelledError as e:
+                while isinstance(e.__context__, CancelledError):
+                    e = e.__context__
+
+                exc = e
+
+            if exc is not None:
+                # The future can only be in the cancelled state if the host task was
+                # cancelled, so return immediately instead of adding one more
+                # CancelledError to the exceptions list
+                if task_status_future is not None and task_status_future.cancelled():
+                    return
+
+                if task_status_future is None or task_status_future.done():
+                    if not isinstance(exc, CancelledError):
+                        self._exceptions.append(exc)
+
+                    if not self.cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled:
+                        self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                else:
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+            elif task_status_future is not None and not task_status_future.done():
+                task_status_future.set_exception(
+                    RuntimeError("Child exited without calling task_status.started()")
+                )
+
+        if task_status_future:
+            parent_id = id(current_task())
+        else:
+            parent_id = id(self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        wrapper_coro = handle._run_coro()
+        if (
+            (factory := loop.get_task_factory())
+            and getattr(factory, "__code__", None) is _eager_task_factory_code
+            and (closure := getattr(factory, "__closure__", None))
+        ):
+            custom_task_constructor = closure[0].cell_contents
+            task = custom_task_constructor(wrapper_coro, loop=loop, name=handle.name)
+        else:
+            task = loop.create_task(wrapper_coro, name=handle.name)
+
+        # Make the spawned task inherit the task group's cancel scope
+        _task_states[task] = TaskState(
+            parent_id=parent_id, cancel_scope=self.cancel_scope
+        )
+        self.cancel_scope._tasks.add(task)
+        self._tasks.add(task)
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+            asyncio.future_add_to_awaited_by(task, self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        task.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        return handle
+
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+            raise TypeError(f"expected a coroutine, got {coro.__class__.__qualname__}")
+
+        if not self._entered or not self.cancel_scope._active:
+            coro.close()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        if context is not None:
+            return context.run(self._spawn, coro, name=name)
+        else:
+            return self._spawn(coro, name=name)
+
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if not self._entered or not self.cancel_scope._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        task_status = _AsyncioTaskStatus(future, id(self.cancel_scope._host_task))
+        coro = call_for_coroutine(func, args, task_status=task_status)
+        handle = self._spawn(coro, final_name, future)
+
+        # If the task raises an exception after sending a start value without a switch
+        # point between, the task group is cancelled and this method never proceeds to
+        # process the completed future. That's why we have to have a shielded cancel
+        # scope here.
+        try:
+            await future
+        except BaseException:
+            if handle.status is TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                # Cancel the task and wait for it to exit before returning
+                handle.cancel()
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await handle.wait()
+
+            raise
+
+        if return_handle:
+            handle._start_value = future.result()
+            return handle
+        else:
+            return future.result()
+
+
+#
+# Threads
+#
+
+_Retval_Queue_Type = tuple[T_Retval | None, BaseException | None]
+
+
+class WorkerThread(Thread):
+    MAX_IDLE_TIME = 10  # seconds
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root_task: asyncio.Task,
+        workers: set[WorkerThread],
+        idle_workers: deque[WorkerThread],
+    ):
+        super().__init__(name="AnyIO worker thread")
+        self.root_task = root_task
+        self.workers = workers
+        self.idle_workers = idle_workers
+        self.loop = root_task._loop
+        self.queue: Queue[
+            tuple[Context, Callable, tuple, asyncio.Future, CancelScope] | None
+        ] = Queue(2)
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        self.stopping = False
+
+    def _report_result(
+        self, future: asyncio.Future, result: Any, exc: BaseException | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        if not self.stopping:
+            self.idle_workers.append(self)
+
+        if not future.cancelled():
+            if exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(exc, StopIteration):
+                    new_exc = RuntimeError("coroutine raised StopIteration")
+                    new_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                    exc = new_exc
+
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+            else:
+                future.set_result(result)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        with claim_worker_thread(AsyncIOBackend, self.loop):
+            while True:
+                item = self.queue.get()
+                if item is None:
+                    # Shutdown command received
+                    return
+
+                context, func, args, future, cancel_scope = item
+                if not future.cancelled():
+                    result = None
+                    exception: BaseException | None = None
+                    threadlocals.current_cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+                    try:
+                        result = context.run(func, *args)
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+                    finally:
+                        del threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+
+                    if not self.loop.is_closed():
+                        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(
+                            self._report_result, future, result, exception
+                        )
+
+                    del result, exception
+
+                self.queue.task_done()
+                del item, context, func, args, future, cancel_scope
+
+    def stop(self, f: asyncio.Task | None = None) -> None:
+        self.stopping = True
+        self.queue.put_nowait(None)
+        self.workers.discard(self)
+        try:
+            self.idle_workers.remove(self)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+
+_threadpool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[WorkerThread]] = RunVar(
+    "_threadpool_idle_workers"
+)
+_threadpool_workers: RunVar[set[WorkerThread]] = RunVar("_threadpool_workers")
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamReaderWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamReader
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._stream.read(max_bytes)
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.set_exception(ClosedResourceError())
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamWriterWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamWriter
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        stream_paused = self._stream._protocol._paused  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(item)
+            await self._stream.drain()
+        except (ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError, RuntimeError) as exc:
+            # If closed by us and/or the peer:
+            # * on stdlib, drain() raises ConnectionResetError or BrokenPipeError
+            # * on uvloop and Winloop, write() eventually starts raising RuntimeError
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+            elif self._stream.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+            raise
+
+        if not stream_paused:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self._stream.close()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: asyncio.subprocess.Process
+    _stdin: StreamWriterWrapper | None
+    _stdout: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+    _stderr: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True) as scope:
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+            scope.shield = False
+            try:
+                await self.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                scope.shield = True
+                self.kill()
+                await self.wait()
+                raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+def _forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(
+    workers: set[Process], _task: object
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Forcibly shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop."""
+    child_watcher: asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher | None = None  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        try:
+            child_watcher = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher()
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
+
+    # Close as much as possible (w/o async/await) to avoid warnings
+    for process in workers.copy():
+        if process.returncode is not None:
+            continue
+
+        process._stdin._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stdout._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stderr._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process.kill()
+        if child_watcher:
+            child_watcher.remove_child_handler(process.pid)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    """
+    Shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop.
+
+    NOTE: this only works when the event loop was started using asyncio.run() or
+    anyio.run().
+
+    """
+    process: abc.Process
+    try:
+        await sleep(math.inf)
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        workers = workers.copy()
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        for process in workers:
+            await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class StreamProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    read_queue: deque[bytes]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+    is_at_eof: bool = False
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque()
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        cast(asyncio.Transport, transport).set_write_buffer_limits(0)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        if exc:
+            self.exception = exc
+
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        # ProactorEventloop sometimes sends bytearray instead of bytes
+        self.read_queue.append(bytes(data))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> bool | None:
+        self.is_at_eof = True
+        self.read_event.set()
+        return True
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class DatagramProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    read_queue: deque[tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    closed_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque(maxlen=100)  # arbitrary value
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.closed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        self.closed_event.set()
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data: bytes, addr: IPSockAddrType) -> None:
+        addr = convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+        self.read_queue.append((data, addr))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def error_received(self, exc: Exception) -> None:
+        self.exception = exc
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.clear()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class SocketStream(abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport, protocol: StreamProtocol):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            if (
+                not self._protocol.read_event.is_set()
+                and not self._transport.is_closing()
+                and not self._protocol.is_at_eof
+            ):
+                self._transport.resume_reading()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+                self._transport.pause_reading()
+            else:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            try:
+                chunk = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                elif self._protocol.exception:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+                else:
+                    raise EndOfStream from None
+
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Split the oversized chunk
+                chunk, leftover = chunk[:max_bytes], chunk[max_bytes:]
+                self._protocol.read_queue.appendleft(leftover)
+
+            # If the read queue is empty, clear the flag so that the next call will
+            # block until data is available
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue:
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+
+        return chunk
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._protocol.exception is not None:
+                raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+
+            try:
+                self._transport.write(item)
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                if self._transport.is_closing():
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._transport.write_eof()
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            try:
+                self._transport.write_eof()
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            await sleep(0)
+            self._transport.abort()
+
+
+class _RawSocketMixin:
+    _receive_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _send_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _closing = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    def _wait_until_readable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._receive_future
+            loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._receive_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    def _wait_until_writable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._send_future
+            loop.remove_writer(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._send_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_writer(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = True
+            if self.__raw_socket.fileno() != -1:
+                self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+            if self._receive_future:
+                self._receive_future.set_result(None)
+            if self._send_future:
+                self._send_future.set_result(None)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            self._raw_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not data:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = self._raw_socket.send(view)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = self._raw_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # The ignore can be removed after mypy picks up
+                    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/5545
+                    self._raw_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fdarray)]
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    _accept_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+    _closed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = cast(asyncio.BaseEventLoop, get_running_loop())
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            with CancelScope() as self._accept_scope:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _addr = await self._loop.sock_accept(self._raw_socket)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+                    try:
+                        self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+                    except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                        pass
+
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+
+                    raise
+                finally:
+                    self._accept_scope = None
+
+        client_sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        transport, protocol = await self._loop.connect_accepted_socket(
+            StreamProtocol, client_sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = True
+        if self._accept_scope:
+            # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+            try:
+                self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+            except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+
+            self._accept_scope.cancel()
+            await sleep(0)
+
+        self._raw_socket.close()
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _ = self.__raw_socket.accept()
+                    client_sock.setblocking(False)
+                    return UNIXSocketStream(client_sock)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    self._loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(
+                        lambda _: self._loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+                    )
+                    await f
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+
+class UDPSocket(abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+        await self._protocol.closed_event.wait()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                return self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(*item)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+        await self._protocol.closed_event.wait()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                packet = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+            return packet[0]
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(item)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.sendto(*item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.send(item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+_read_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("read_events")
+_write_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("write_events")
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    __slots__ = ("_event",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self._event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_set():
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        else:
+            await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        return EventStatistics(len(self._event._waiters))
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    __slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "_owner_task", "_waiters"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._owner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        self._waiters: deque[tuple[asyncio.Task, asyncio.Future]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._owner_task = task
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task == task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        item = task, fut
+        self._waiters.append(item)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                try:
+                    self._waiters.remove(item)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            self._owner_task = task
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task is task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self._owner_task is not None
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding this lock")
+
+        # A cancelled waiter that already received ownership removes itself from
+        # _waiters before calling release(); any cancelled waiter still queued here
+        # was cancelled before being woken, so drop it.
+        while self._waiters:
+            task, fut = self._waiters.popleft()
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                continue
+
+            self._owner_task = task
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            return
+
+        self._owner_task = None
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        task_info = AsyncIOTaskInfo(self._owner_task) if self._owner_task else None
+        return LockStatistics(self.locked(), task_info, len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    __slots__ = "_value", "_max_value", "_fast_acquire", "_waiters"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+        self._value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._waiters: deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if self._value > 0 and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._value -= 1
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        self._waiters.append(fut)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                try:
+                    self._waiters.remove(fut)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        if self._value == 0:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._value -= 1
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._max_value is not None and self._value == self._max_value:
+            raise ValueError("semaphore released too many times")
+
+        while self._waiters:
+            fut = self._waiters.popleft()
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                continue
+
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            return
+
+        self._value += 1
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self._value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = "_total_tokens", "_borrowers", "_wait_queue"
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float):
+        self._total_tokens: float = 0
+        self._borrowers: set[Any] = set()
+        self._wait_queue: OrderedDict[Any, asyncio.Event] = OrderedDict()
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and not math.isinf(value):
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 0")
+
+        waiters_to_notify = max(value - self._total_tokens, 0)
+        self._total_tokens = value
+
+        # Notify waiting tasks that they have acquired the limiter
+        while self._wait_queue and waiters_to_notify:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+            waiters_to_notify -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._borrowers)
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens - len(self._borrowers)
+
+    def _notify_next_waiter(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the next task in line if this limiter has free capacity now."""
+        if self._wait_queue and len(self._borrowers) < self._total_tokens:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(current_task())
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        if borrower in self._borrowers:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower is already holding one of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            )
+
+        if self._wait_queue or len(self._borrowers) >= self._total_tokens:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        return await self.acquire_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            event = asyncio.Event()
+            self._wait_queue[borrower] = event
+            try:
+                await event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._wait_queue.pop(borrower, None)
+                if event.is_set():
+                    self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+                raise
+
+            self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+        else:
+            try:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            except BaseException:
+                self.release()
+                raise
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.release_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._borrowers.remove(borrower)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower isn't holding any of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            ) from None
+
+        self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            self.borrowed_tokens,
+            self.total_tokens,
+            tuple(self._borrowers),
+            len(self._wait_queue),
+        )
+
+
+_default_thread_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_thread_limiter")
+
+
+#
+# Operating system signals
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._signal_queue: deque[Signals] = deque()
+        self._future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        self._handled_signals: set[Signals] = set()
+
+    def _deliver(self, signum: Signals) -> None:
+        self._signal_queue.append(signum)
+        if not self._future.done():
+            self._future.set_result(None)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        for sig in set(self._signals):
+            self._loop.add_signal_handler(sig, self._deliver, sig)
+            self._handled_signals.add(sig)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        for sig in self._handled_signals:
+            self._loop.remove_signal_handler(sig)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        if not self._signal_queue:
+            self._future = asyncio.Future()
+            await self._future
+
+        return self._signal_queue.popleft()
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class AsyncIOTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: asyncio.Task):
+        task_state = _task_states.get(task)
+        if task_state is None:
+            parent_id = None
+        else:
+            parent_id = task_state.parent_id
+
+        coro = task.get_coro()
+        assert coro is not None, "created TaskInfo from a completed Task"
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.get_name(), coro)
+        self._task = weakref.ref(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        if not (task := self._task()):
+            # If the task isn't around anymore, it won't have a pending cancellation
+            return False
+
+        if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            return True
+        elif (
+            isinstance(task._fut_waiter, asyncio.Future)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            and task._fut_waiter.cancelled()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if task_state := _task_states.get(task):
+            if cancel_scope := task_state.cancel_scope:
+                return cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled
+
+        return False
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    _send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future[Any]]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        debug: bool | None = None,
+        use_uvloop: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if use_uvloop and loop_factory is None:
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        self._runner = Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory)
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._runner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        self._runner.__enter__()
+        self.get_loop().set_exception_handler(self._exception_handler)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._runner.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+        return self._runner.get_loop()
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return True
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return False
+
+    def _exception_handler(
+        self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, context: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(context.get("exception"), Exception):
+            self._exceptions.append(context["exception"])
+        else:
+            loop.default_exception_handler(context)
+
+    def _raise_async_exceptions(self) -> None:
+        # Re-raise any exceptions raised in asynchronous callbacks
+        if self._exceptions:
+            exceptions, self._exceptions = self._exceptions, []
+            if len(exceptions) == 1:
+                raise exceptions[0]
+            elif exceptions:
+                raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                    "Multiple exceptions occurred in asynchronous callbacks", exceptions
+                )
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(
+        self,
+        receive_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[T_Retval], asyncio.Future[T_Retval]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException
+
+        with receive_stream, self._send_stream:
+            async for coro, future in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await coro
+                except CancelledError as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.cancel(*exc.args)
+
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_exception(exc)
+
+                    if not isinstance(exc, (Exception, OutcomeException)):
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_result(retval)
+
+    async def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if not self._runner_task:
+            self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+                tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future]
+            ](1)
+            self._runner_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures(receive_stream)
+            )
+
+        coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        future: asyncio.Future[T_Retval] = self.get_loop().create_future()
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((coro, future))
+        return await future
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+            )
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        else:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(asyncgen.aclose())
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        return retval
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._exceptions.append(exc)
+        except BaseException:
+            # A BaseException (e.g. KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit) interrupted the event loop before
+            # the test completed. Cancel _runner_task so it does not resume when the event
+            # loop is re-entered during async generator fixture teardown.
+            if self._runner_task is not None and not self._runner_task.done():
+                self._runner_task.cancel()
+                self._send_stream.close()
+                try:
+                    self.get_loop().run_until_complete(self._runner_task)
+                except CancelledError:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    self._runner_task = None
+            raise
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+
+class AsyncIOBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+            task.set_name(get_callable_name(func))
+            _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, None)
+
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            finally:
+                del _task_states[task]
+
+        debug = options.get("debug", None)
+        loop_factory = options.get("loop_factory", None)
+        if loop_factory is None and options.get("use_uvloop", False):
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        with Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner:
+            return runner.run(wrapper())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return get_running_loop()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return get_running_loop().time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return CancelledError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        task = current_task()
+        if task is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return
+
+        while cancel_scope:
+            if cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                await sleep(0)
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        if (task := current_task()) is None:
+            return math.inf
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return math.inf
+
+        deadline = math.inf
+        while cancel_scope:
+            deadline = min(deadline, cancel_scope.deadline)
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                deadline = -math.inf
+                break
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return deadline
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> abc.Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> abc.CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(  # type: ignore[return]
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+
+        # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary
+        # variables
+        try:
+            idle_workers = _threadpool_idle_workers.get()
+            workers = _threadpool_workers.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            idle_workers = deque()
+            workers = set()
+            _threadpool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+            _threadpool_workers.set(workers)
+
+        async with limiter or cls.current_default_thread_limiter():
+            with CancelScope(shield=not abandon_on_cancel) as scope:
+                future = asyncio.Future[T_Retval]()
+                root_task = find_root_task()
+                if not idle_workers:
+                    worker = WorkerThread(root_task, workers, idle_workers)
+                    worker.start()
+                    workers.add(worker)
+                    root_task.add_done_callback(
+                        worker.stop, context=contextvars.Context()
+                    )
+                else:
+                    worker = idle_workers.pop()
+
+                    # Prune any other workers that have been idle for MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                    # seconds or longer
+                    now = cls.current_time()
+                    while idle_workers:
+                        if (
+                            now - idle_workers[0].idle_since
+                            < WorkerThread.MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                        ):
+                            break
+
+                        expired_worker = idle_workers.popleft()
+                        expired_worker.root_task.remove_done_callback(
+                            expired_worker.stop
+                        )
+                        expired_worker.stop()
+
+                context = copy_context()
+                context.run(set_current_async_library, None)
+                if abandon_on_cancel or scope._parent_scope is None:
+                    worker_scope = scope
+                else:
+                    worker_scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+                worker.queue.put_nowait((context, func, args, future, worker_scope))
+                return await future
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        scope: CancelScope | None = threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope.cancel_called:
+                raise CancelledError(f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(scope):x}")
+
+            if scope.shield:
+                return
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        async def task_wrapper() -> T_co:
+            __tracebackhide__ = True
+            if scope is not None:
+                task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+                _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, scope)
+                scope._tasks.add(task)
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            except CancelledError as exc:
+                raise concurrent.futures.CancelledError(str(exc)) from None
+            finally:
+                if scope is not None:
+                    scope._tasks.discard(task)
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        context = copy_context()
+        context.run(set_current_async_library, "asyncio")
+        scope = getattr(threadlocals, "current_cancel_scope", None)
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_co] = context.run(
+            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe, task_wrapper(), loop=loop
+        )
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        def wrapper() -> None:
+            try:
+                set_current_async_library("asyncio")
+                f.set_result(func(*args))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                f.set_exception(exc)
+                if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                    raise
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(wrapper)
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        if isinstance(command, PathLike):
+            command = os.fspath(command)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes)):
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
+                command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = StreamWriterWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        create_task(
+            _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers),
+            name="AnyIO process pool shutdown task",
+        )
+        find_root_task().add_done_callback(
+            partial(_forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit, workers)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = cast(
+            tuple[asyncio.Transport, StreamProtocol],
+            await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+                StreamProtocol, host, port, local_addr=local_address
+            ),
+        )
+        transport.pause_reading()
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                raw_socket.connect(path)
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                await f
+            except BaseException:
+                raw_socket.close()
+                raise
+            else:
+                return UNIXSocketStream(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol,
+            local_addr=local_address,
+            remote_addr=remote_address,
+            family=family,
+            reuse_port=reuse_port,
+        )
+        if protocol.exception:
+            transport.close()
+            raise protocol.exception
+
+        if not remote_address:
+            return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+        else:
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(  # type: ignore[override]
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        if remote_path:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    raw_socket.connect(remote_path)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                    await f
+                except BaseException:
+                    raw_socket.close()
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            read_events = {}
+            _read_events.set(read_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if read_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_reader(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_reader(fd, cb)
+            remove_reader = selector.remove_reader
+        else:
+            remove_reader = loop.remove_reader
+
+        read_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            write_events = {}
+            _write_events.set(write_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if write_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_writer(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_writer(fd, cb)
+            remove_writer = selector.remove_writer
+        else:
+            remove_writer = loop.remove_writer
+
+        write_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = write_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_writer(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_writer(fd)
+
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = read_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_reader(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_reader(fd)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX") and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+            StreamProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        return UNIXSocketStream(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _default_thread_limiter.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(40)
+            _default_thread_limiter.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        return AsyncIOTaskInfo(current_task())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        return [AsyncIOTaskInfo(task) for task in all_tasks() if not task.done()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        this_task = current_task()
+        while True:
+            for task in all_tasks():
+                if task is this_task:
+                    continue
+
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if waiter is None or waiter.done():
+                    await sleep(0.1)
+                    break
+            else:
+                return
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = AsyncIOBackend
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..091c78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1456 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import types
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextvars import Context
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    NoReturn,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import trio.from_thread
+import trio.lowlevel
+from outcome import Error, Outcome, Value
+from trio.lowlevel import (
+    current_root_task,
+    current_task,
+    notify_closing,
+    wait_readable,
+    wait_writable,
+)
+from trio.socket import SocketType as TrioSocketType
+from trio.to_thread import run_sync
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    TaskInfo,
+    WouldBlock,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from .._core._tasks import TaskHandle
+from ..abc import IPSockAddrType, UDPPacketType, UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ..abc._eventloop import AsyncBackend, StrOrBytesPath
+from ..abc._tasks import T_contra, call_for_coroutine, get_callable_name
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_SockAddr = TypeVar("T_SockAddr", str, IPSockAddrType)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+def ensure_returns_coro(
+    func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+) -> Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]]:
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]:
+        awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        # Check the common case first.
+        if isinstance(awaitable, Coroutine):
+            return awaitable
+        elif not isinstance(awaitable, Awaitable):
+            # The user violated the type annotations. Still, we should pass this on to
+            # Trio so it can raise with an appropriate message.
+            return awaitable
+        else:
+
+            @wraps(func)
+            async def inner_wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+                return await awaitable
+
+            return inner_wrapper()
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+RunVar = trio.lowlevel.RunVar
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: object
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.__original = original or trio.CancelScope(**kwargs)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        self.__original.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.__original.cancel(reason)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.deadline = value
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self.__original.shield = value
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+empty_start_value = object()
+
+
+class _TrioTaskStatus(Generic[T_contra], abc.TaskStatus[T_contra]):
+    early_start_value: T_contra | object = empty_start_value
+    real_task_status: trio.TaskStatus[T_contra | None] | None = None
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        if self.real_task_status is None:
+            if self.early_start_value is not empty_start_value:
+                raise RuntimeError("called 'started' twice on the same task status")
+
+            self.early_start_value = value
+        else:
+            self.real_task_status.started(value)
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._entered = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._nursery_manager = trio.open_nursery(strict_exception_groups=True)
+        self.cancel_scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        if self._entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("TaskGroup cannot be entered more than once")
+
+        self._entered = True
+        self._active = True
+        self._nursery = await self._nursery_manager.__aenter__()
+        self.cancel_scope = CancelScope(self._nursery.cancel_scope)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # trio.Nursery.__exit__ returns bool; .open_nursery has wrong type
+            return await self._nursery_manager.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        except BaseExceptionGroup as exc:
+            if not exc.split(trio.Cancelled)[1]:
+                raise trio.Cancelled._create() from exc
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb
+            self._active = False
+
+    def _check_active(self, coro: Coroutine | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._active:
+            if coro is not None:
+                coro.close()
+
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+            raise TypeError(f"expected a coroutine, got {coro.__class__.__qualname__}")
+
+        self._check_active(coro)
+        handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+        if context is not None:
+            context.run(
+                partial(self._nursery.start_soon, handle._run_coro, name=handle.name)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._nursery.start_soon(handle._run_coro, name=handle.name)
+
+        return handle
+
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        handle: TaskHandle[T_co]
+
+        async def run_coro_with_task_status(
+            *, task_status: trio.TaskStatus[Any]
+        ) -> None:
+            nonlocal handle
+            wrapper_task_status = _TrioTaskStatus()
+            coro = call_for_coroutine(func, args, task_status=wrapper_task_status)
+            if wrapper_task_status.early_start_value is not empty_start_value:
+                task_status.started(wrapper_task_status.early_start_value)
+            else:
+                wrapper_task_status.real_task_status = task_status
+
+            handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+            await handle._run_coro()
+
+        self._check_active()
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        start_value = await self._nursery.start(
+            run_coro_with_task_status, name=final_name
+        )
+        if return_handle:
+            handle._start_value = start_value
+            return handle
+        else:
+            return start_value
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class ReceiveStreamWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.ReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+        if data:
+            return bytes(data)
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class SendStreamWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.SendStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await self._stream.send_all(item)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: trio.Process
+    _stdin: abc.ByteSendStream | None
+    _stdout: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+    _stderr: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+        try:
+            await self.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            self.kill()
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.wait()
+            raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+class _ProcessPoolShutdownInstrument(trio.abc.Instrument):
+    def after_run(self) -> None:
+        super().after_run()
+
+
+current_default_worker_process_limiter: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar(
+    "current_default_worker_process_limiter"
+)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    try:
+        await trio.sleep(math.inf)
+    except trio.Cancelled:
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            for process in workers:
+                await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class _TrioSocketMixin(Generic[T_SockAddr]):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket = trio_socket
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def _check_closed(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._trio_socket._sock  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() >= 0:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._trio_socket.close()
+
+    def _convert_socket_error(self, exc: BaseException) -> NoReturn:
+        if isinstance(exc, trio.ClosedResourceError):
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+        elif self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0 and self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        elif isinstance(exc, OSError):
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+        else:
+            raise exc
+
+
+class SocketStream(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data = await self._trio_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+            if data:
+                return data
+            else:
+                raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = await self._trio_socket.send(view)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+                view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    await self._trio_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message],
+                        [
+                            (
+                                socket.SOL_SOCKET,
+                                socket.SCM_RIGHTS,
+                                fdarray,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, addr
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(
+    _TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.__original = trio.Event()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.set()
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    __slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "__original"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self.__original = trio.Lock()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _convert_runtime_error_msg(exc: RuntimeError) -> None:
+        if exc.args == ("attempt to re-acquire an already held Lock",):
+            exc.args = ("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock",)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            try:
+                await self.__original.acquire()
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+                raise
+
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.locked()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        owner = TrioTaskInfo(orig_statistics.owner) if orig_statistics.owner else None
+        return LockStatistics(
+            orig_statistics.locked, owner, orig_statistics.tasks_waiting
+        )
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self.__original = trio.Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            await self.__original.acquire()
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.__original.max_value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.value
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if original is not None:
+            self.__original = original
+        else:
+            assert total_tokens is not None
+            self.__original = trio.CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.__original.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        orig = self.__original.statistics()
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            borrowed_tokens=orig.borrowed_tokens,
+            total_tokens=orig.total_tokens,
+            borrowers=tuple(orig.borrowers),
+            tasks_waiting=orig.tasks_waiting,
+        )
+
+
+_capacity_limiter_wrapper: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar("_capacity_limiter_wrapper")
+
+
+#
+# Signal handling
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    _iterator: AsyncIterator[int]
+
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        self._cm = trio.open_signal_receiver(*self._signals)
+        self._iterator = self._cm.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        signum = await self._iterator.__anext__()
+        return Signals(signum)
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None:
+        from queue import Queue
+
+        self._call_queue: Queue[Callable[[], object]] = Queue()
+        self._send_stream: (
+            MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], list[Outcome]]] | None
+        ) = None
+        self._options = options
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._send_stream:
+            self._send_stream.close()
+            while self._send_stream is not None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        return trio.lowlevel.in_trio_task()
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(self) -> None:
+        self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[Any], list[Outcome]]
+        ](1)
+        with receive_stream:
+            async for awaitable, outcome_holder in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await awaitable
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Error(exc))
+                else:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Value(retval))
+
+    def _main_task_finished(self, outcome: object) -> None:
+        self._send_stream = None
+
+    def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if self._send_stream is None:
+            trio.lowlevel.start_guest_run(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures,
+                run_sync_soon_threadsafe=self._call_queue.put,
+                done_callback=self._main_task_finished,
+                **self._options,
+            )
+            while self._send_stream is None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        outcome_holder: list[Outcome] = []
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((func(*args, **kwargs), outcome_holder))
+        while not outcome_holder:
+            self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        return outcome_holder[0].unwrap()
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.aclose)
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        return self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TrioTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: trio.lowlevel.Task):
+        parent_id = None
+        if task.parent_nursery and task.parent_nursery.parent_task:
+            parent_id = id(task.parent_nursery.parent_task)
+
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.name, task.coro)
+        self._task = weakref.proxy(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self._task._cancel_status.effectively_cancelled
+        except ReferenceError:
+            # If the task is no longer around, it surely doesn't have a cancellation
+            # pending
+            return False
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        assert not kwargs, "unreachable, and not supported by Trio"
+        return trio.run(ensure_returns_coro(func), *args, **options)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return trio.Cancelled
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> abc.CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_effective_deadline()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            with claim_worker_thread(TrioBackend, token):
+                return func(*args)
+
+        token = TrioBackend.current_token()
+        return await run_sync(
+            wrapper,
+            abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel,
+            limiter=cast(trio.CapacityLimiter, limiter),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        trio.from_thread.check_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run_sync(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        def convert_item(item: StrOrBytesPath) -> str:
+            str_or_bytes = os.fspath(item)
+            if isinstance(str_or_bytes, str):
+                return str_or_bytes
+            else:
+                return os.fsdecode(str_or_bytes)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                convert_item(command),
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=True,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                [convert_item(item) for item in command],
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=False,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = SendStreamWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        trio.lowlevel.spawn_system_task(_shutdown_process_pool, workers)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        family = socket.AF_INET6 if ":" in host else socket.AF_INET
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family)
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect((host, port))
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect(path)
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: socket.AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+        if reuse_port:
+            trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        if remote_address:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_address)
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UDPSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket)
+
+        if remote_path:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_path)
+            return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await trio.socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await trio.socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_readable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_writable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        notify_closing(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX") and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return SocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _capacity_limiter_wrapper.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(
+                original=trio.to_thread.current_default_thread_limiter()
+            )
+            _capacity_limiter_wrapper.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        task = current_task()
+        return TrioTaskInfo(task)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        root_task = current_root_task()
+        assert root_task
+        task_infos = [TrioTaskInfo(root_task)]
+        nurseries = root_task.child_nurseries
+        while nurseries:
+            new_nurseries: list[trio.Nursery] = []
+            for nursery in nurseries:
+                for task in nursery.child_tasks:
+                    task_infos.append(TrioTaskInfo(task))
+                    new_nurseries.extend(task.child_nurseries)
+
+            nurseries = new_nurseries
+
+        return task_infos
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        from trio.testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked
+
+        await wait_all_tasks_blocked()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = TrioBackend
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f35bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import socket
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from selectors import EVENT_READ, EVENT_WRITE, DefaultSelector
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+_selector_lock = threading.Lock()
+_selector: Selector | None = None
+
+
+class Selector:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, name="AnyIO socket selector")
+        self._selector = DefaultSelector()
+        self._send, self._receive = socket.socketpair()
+        self._send.setblocking(False)
+        self._receive.setblocking(False)
+        # This somewhat reduces the amount of memory wasted queueing up data
+        # for wakeups. With these settings, maximum number of 1-byte sends
+        # before getting BlockingIOError:
+        #   Linux 4.8: 6
+        #   macOS (darwin 15.5): 1
+        #   Windows 10: 525347
+        # Windows you're weird. (And on Windows setting SNDBUF to 0 makes send
+        # blocking, even on non-blocking sockets, so don't do that.)
+        self._receive.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 1)
+        self._send.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 1)
+        # On Windows this is a TCP socket so this might matter. On other
+        # platforms this fails b/c AF_UNIX sockets aren't actually TCP.
+        try:
+            self._send.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        self._selector.register(self._receive, EVENT_READ)
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self._thread.start()
+        threading._register_atexit(self._stop)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _stop(self) -> None:
+        global _selector
+        self._closed = True
+        self._notify_self()
+        self._send.close()
+        self._thread.join()
+        self._selector.unregister(self._receive)
+        self._receive.close()
+        self._selector.close()
+        _selector = None
+        assert not self._selector.get_map(), (
+            "selector still has registered file descriptors after shutdown"
+        )
+
+    def _notify_self(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._send.send(b"\x00")
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            pass
+
+    def add_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_READ, {EVENT_READ: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_READ in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for reading"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_READ] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_READ, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def add_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_WRITE, {EVENT_WRITE: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_WRITE in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for writing"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_WRITE] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_WRITE, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def remove_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_READ:
+            del key.data[EVENT_READ]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def remove_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_WRITE:
+            del key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self._closed:
+            for key, events in self._selector.select():
+                if key.fileobj is self._receive:
+                    try:
+                        while self._receive.recv(4096):
+                            pass
+                    except BlockingIOError:
+                        pass
+
+                    continue
+
+                if events & EVENT_READ:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_READ]
+                    self.remove_reader(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+                if events & EVENT_WRITE:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+                    self.remove_writer(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+
+def get_selector() -> Selector:
+    global _selector
+
+    with _selector_lock:
+        if _selector is None:
+            _selector = Selector()
+            _selector.start()
+
+        return _selector
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302f32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager
+from inspect import isasyncgen, iscoroutine, isgenerator
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Protocol, TypeVar, cast, final
+
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_ExitT_co = TypeVar("_ExitT_co", covariant=True, bound="bool | None")
+
+
+class _SupportsCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class ContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via :meth:`__contextmanager__`
+    which should return a generator. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    def __enter__(self: _SupportsCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__contextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractContextManager):
+            if isgenerator(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__contextmanager__() returned a generator object instead of "
+                    "a context manager. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager "
+                    "decorator?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__contextmanager__() did not return a context manager object, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__contextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = cm.__enter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    def __exit__(
+        self: _SupportsCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: a context manager object
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing async context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via
+    :meth:`__asynccontextmanager__`. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    async def __aenter__(self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__asynccontextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
+            if isasyncgen(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned an async generator instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator?"
+                )
+            elif iscoroutine(cm):
+                cm.close()
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned a coroutine object instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator and a 'yield' statement?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__asynccontextmanager__() did not return an async context manager, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__asynccontextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @asynccontextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = await cm.__aenter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, await cm.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your async context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: an async context manager object
+        """
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e2ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import Token
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+from ._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+sniffio: Any
+try:
+    import sniffio
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    sniffio = None
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..abc import AsyncBackend
+
+# This must be updated when new backends are introduced
+BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio"
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+threadlocals = threading.local()
+loaded_backends: dict[str, type[AsyncBackend]] = {}
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+    :param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation – currently
+        either ``asyncio`` or ``trio``
+    :param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()``
+        implementation with (documented :ref:`here <backend options>`)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this
+        thread
+    :raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found
+
+    """
+    if asynclib_name := current_async_library():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread")
+
+    try:
+        async_backend = get_async_backend(backend)
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        if backend in BACKENDS:
+            raise LookupError(
+                f"Backend {backend!r} is not available. "
+                f"Install it with: pip install anyio[{backend}]"
+            ) from exc
+
+        raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc
+
+    token = None
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async
+        # library
+        token = set_current_async_library(backend)
+
+    try:
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        return async_backend.run(func, args, {}, backend_options)
+    finally:
+        reset_current_async_library(token)
+
+
+async def sleep(delay: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+    :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+
+    """
+    return await get_async_backend().sleep(delay)
+
+
+async def sleep_forever() -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until it's cancelled.
+
+    This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    await sleep(math.inf)
+
+
+async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until the given time.
+
+    :param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal
+        monotonic clock of the event loop)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    now = current_time()
+    await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0))
+
+
+def current_time() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+    :return: the clock value (seconds)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_time()
+
+
+def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends."""
+    return BACKENDS
+
+
+def get_available_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """
+    Test for the availability of built-in backends.
+
+    :return a tuple of the built-in backend names that were successfully imported
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.12
+
+    """
+    available_backends: list[str] = []
+    for backend_name in get_all_backends():
+        try:
+            get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        except ImportError:
+            continue
+
+        available_backends.append(backend_name)
+
+    return tuple(available_backends)
+
+
+def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]:
+    """
+    Return the current async library's cancellation exception class.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().cancelled_exception_class()
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def claim_worker_thread(
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend], token: object
+) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+    from ..lowlevel import EventLoopToken
+
+    threadlocals.current_token = EventLoopToken(backend_class, token)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        del threadlocals.current_token
+
+
+def get_async_backend(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> type[AsyncBackend]:
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        asynclib_name = current_async_library()
+        if not asynclib_name:
+            raise NoEventLoopError(
+                f"Not currently running on any asynchronous event loop. "
+                f"Available async backends: {', '.join(get_all_backends())}"
+            )
+
+    # We use our own dict instead of sys.modules to get the already imported back-end
+    # class because the appropriate modules in sys.modules could potentially be only
+    # partially initialized
+    try:
+        return loaded_backends[asynclib_name]
+    except KeyError:
+        module = import_module(f"anyio._backends._{asynclib_name}")
+        loaded_backends[asynclib_name] = module.backend_class
+        return module.backend_class
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str | None:
+    if sniffio is None:
+        # If sniffio is not installed, we assume we're either running asyncio or nothing
+        import asyncio
+
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return "asyncio"
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+    else:
+        try:
+            return sniffio.current_async_library()
+        except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
+            pass
+
+    return None
+
+
+def set_current_async_library(asynclib_name: str | None) -> Token | None:
+    # no-op if sniffio is not installed
+    if sniffio is None:
+        return None
+
+    return sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(asynclib_name)
+
+
+def reset_current_async_library(token: Token | None) -> None:
+    if token is not None:
+        sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd6eb9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+
+
+class BrokenResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external
+    causes (e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected).
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_process.run_sync` if the worker process terminates abruptly or
+    otherwise misbehaves.
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerInterpreter(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_interpreter.run_sync` if an unexpected exception is
+    raised in the subinterpreter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, excinfo: Any):
+        # This was adapted from concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed
+        msg = excinfo.formatted
+        if not msg:
+            if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg:
+                msg = f"{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}"
+            else:
+                msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg
+
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.excinfo = excinfo
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay
+        except Exception:
+            return super().__str__()
+        else:
+            return dedent(
+                f"""
+                {super().__str__()}
+
+                Uncaught in the interpreter:
+
+                {formatted}
+                """.strip()
+            )
+
+
+class BusyResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource
+    concurrently.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str):
+        super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+
+class ClosedResourceError(Exception):
+    """Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed."""
+
+
+class ConnectionFailed(OSError):
+    """
+    Raised when a connection attempt fails.
+
+    .. note:: This class inherits from :exc:`OSError` for backwards compatibility.
+    """
+
+
+def iterate_exceptions(
+    exception: BaseException,
+) -> Generator[BaseException, None, None]:
+    if isinstance(exception, BaseExceptionGroup):
+        for exc in exception.exceptions:
+            yield from iterate_exceptions(exc)
+    else:
+        yield exception
+
+
+class DelimiterNotFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes"
+        )
+
+
+class EndOfStream(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end.
+    """
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed"
+        )
+
+
+class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute
+    is not found and no default value has been given.
+    """
+
+
+class WouldBlock(Exception):
+    """Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block."""
+
+
+class NoEventLoopError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by several functions that require an event loop to be running in the current
+    thread when there is no running event loop.
+
+    This is also raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync`
+    if not calling from an AnyIO worker thread, and no ``token`` was passed.
+    """
+
+
+class RunFinishedError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync` if the event
+    loop associated with the explicitly passed token has already finished.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The event loop associated with the given token has already finished"
+        )
+
+
+class TaskFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that raised an exception.
+    """
+
+
+class TaskCancelled(TaskFailed):
+    """
+    Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that was cancelled.
+    """
+
+
+class TaskNotFinished(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when attempting to access the return value or exception of a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that is still pending completion.
+    """
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..692c754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    ClassVar,
+    Final,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Self
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from pathlib.types import PathInfo
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from types import ModuleType
+
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+else:
+    ReadableBuffer = OpenBinaryMode = OpenTextMode = WriteableBuffer = object
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="Path")
+
+
+class AsyncFile(AsyncResource, Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous file object.
+
+    This class wraps a standard file object and provides async friendly versions of the
+    following blocking methods (where available on the original file object):
+
+    * read
+    * read1
+    * readline
+    * readlines
+    * readinto
+    * readinto1
+    * write
+    * writelines
+    * truncate
+    * seek
+    * tell
+    * flush
+
+    All other methods are directly passed through.
+
+    This class supports the asynchronous context manager protocol which closes the
+    underlying file at the end of the context block.
+
+    This class also supports asynchronous iteration::
+
+        async with await open_file(...) as f:
+            async for line in f:
+                print(line)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, fp: IO[AnyStr], *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if limiter is not None and not isinstance(limiter, CapacityLimiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"limiter must be a CapacityLimiter or None, not "
+                f"{limiter.__class__.__name__}"
+            )
+
+        self._fp: Any = fp
+        self._limiter = limiter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> object:
+        return getattr(self._fp, name)
+
+    @property
+    def limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter | None:
+        """The capacity limiter used by this file object, if not the global limiter."""
+        return self._limiter
+
+    @property
+    def wrapped(self) -> IO[AnyStr]:
+        """The wrapped file object."""
+        return self._fp
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[AnyStr]:
+        while True:
+            line = await self.readline()
+            if line:
+                yield line
+            else:
+                break
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.close, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read1, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readline, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readlines, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readinto(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto1, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.write, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: AsyncFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(self: AsyncFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] | Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._fp.writelines, lines, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.truncate, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._fp.seek, offset, whence, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.tell, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def flush(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.flush, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = None,
+    newline: str | None = None,
+    closefd: bool = True,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = None,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+    """
+    Open a file asynchronously.
+
+    Except for ``limiter``, the arguments are exactly the same as for the builtin :func:`open`.
+
+    :param limiter: an optional capacity limiter to use with the file
+        instead of the default one
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+
+    """
+    fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+        open,
+        file,
+        mode,
+        buffering,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        newline,
+        closefd,
+        opener,
+        limiter=limiter,
+    )
+    return AsyncFile(fp, limiter=limiter)
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    file: IO[AnyStr], *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+    """
+    Wrap an existing file as an asynchronous file.
+
+    :param file: an existing file-like object
+    :param limiter: an optional capacity limiter to use with the file
+        instead of the default one
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+
+    """
+    return AsyncFile(file, limiter=limiter)
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _PathIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    iterator: Iterator[PathLike[str]]
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None
+    # This was added to ensure that iterating over a subclass of Path yields instances
+    # of that subclass rather than the base Path class.
+    path_cls: type[T]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        nextval = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            next, self.iterator, None, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self.limiter
+        )
+        if nextval is None:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        return self.path_cls(nextval, limiter=self.limiter)
+
+
+class Path:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    This class cannot be substituted for :class:`pathlib.Path` or
+    :class:`pathlib.PurePath`, but it is compatible with the :class:`os.PathLike`
+    interface.
+
+    It implements the Python 3.10 version of :class:`pathlib.Path` interface, except for
+    the deprecated :meth:`~pathlib.Path.link_to` method.
+
+    Some methods may be unavailable or have limited functionality, based on the Python
+    version:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.from_uri` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.full_match` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :attr:`~pathlib.Path.info` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.match` (the ``case_sensitive`` parameter is only
+      available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` (the ``walk_up`` parameter is only available
+      on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+
+    Any methods that do disk I/O need to be awaited on. These methods are:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.absolute`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lchmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lstat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.open`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_text`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rename`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.replace`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.resolve`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rmdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.stat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.touch`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.unlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_text`
+
+    Additionally, the following methods return an async iterator yielding
+    :class:`~.Path` objects:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.iterdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_path", "_limiter", "__weakref__"
+
+    __weakref__: Any
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, *args: str | PathLike[str], limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if limiter is not None and not isinstance(limiter, CapacityLimiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"limiter must be a CapacityLimiter or None, not "
+                f"{limiter.__class__.__name__}"
+            )
+
+        self._path: Final[pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path(*args)
+        self._limiter = limiter
+
+    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__fspath__()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 15):
+
+        def __vfspath__(self) -> str:
+            return self._path.__vfspath__()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__str__()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.as_posix()!r})"
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._path.__bytes__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._path.__hash__()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__eq__(target)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__lt__(target)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__le__(target)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__gt__(target)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__ge__(target)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path / other, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(other, limiter=self._limiter) / self
+
+    @property
+    def limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter | None:
+        """The capacity limiter used by this path, if not the global limiter."""
+        return self._limiter
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        return self._path.parts
+
+    @property
+    def drive(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.drive
+
+    @property
+    def root(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.root
+
+    @property
+    def anchor(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.anchor
+
+    @property
+    def parents(self) -> Sequence[Self]:
+        return tuple(type(self)(p, limiter=self._limiter) for p in self._path.parents)
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.parent, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.name
+
+    @property
+    def suffix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.suffix
+
+    @property
+    def suffixes(self) -> list[str]:
+        return self._path.suffixes
+
+    @property
+    def stem(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.stem
+
+    async def absolute(self) -> Self:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.absolute, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(path, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def as_posix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_posix()
+
+    def as_uri(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_uri()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        parser: ClassVar[ModuleType] = pathlib.Path.parser
+
+        @classmethod
+        def from_uri(cls, uri: str, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+            return cls(pathlib.Path.from_uri(uri), limiter=limiter)
+
+        def full_match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.full_match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+
+        def match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+    else:
+
+        def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+
+        @property
+        def info(self) -> PathInfo:
+            return self._path.info
+
+        async def copy(
+            self,
+            target: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Self:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    func, pathlib.Path(target), limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def copy_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Self:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy_into,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    func, pathlib.Path(target_dir), limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def move(self, target: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+            # Upstream does not handle anyio.Path properly as a PathLike
+            target = pathlib.Path(target)
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    self._path.move, target, limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def move_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        ) -> Self:
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    self._path.move_into, target_dir, limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+    def is_relative_to(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        try:
+            self.relative_to(other)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    async def chmod(self, mode: int, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> None:
+        func = partial(os.chmod, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, mode, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cwd(cls, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.cwd, limiter=limiter)
+        return cls(path, limiter=limiter)
+
+    async def exists(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.exists, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def expanduser(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.expanduser, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            ),
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Python 3.11 and earlier
+        def glob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def glob(
+            self,
+            pattern: str,
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def glob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+
+    async def group(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.group, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def hardlink_to(
+        self, target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(os.link, target, self, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def home(cls, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+        home_path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.home, limiter=limiter)
+        return cls(home_path, limiter=limiter)
+
+    def is_absolute(self) -> bool:
+        return self._path.is_absolute()
+
+    async def is_block_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_block_device, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_char_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_char_device, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_dir, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_fifo(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_fifo, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_file, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def is_junction(self) -> bool:
+            return await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.is_junction, limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+
+    async def is_mount(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.path.ismount, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 15):
+
+        def is_reserved(self) -> bool:
+            return self._path.is_reserved()
+
+    async def is_socket(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_socket, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_symlink(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_symlink, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def iterdir(self) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+        gen = (
+            self._path.iterdir()
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 13)
+            else await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.iterdir, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+        )
+        async for path in _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self)):
+            yield path
+
+    def joinpath(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.joinpath(*args), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def lchmod(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lchmod, mode, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def lstat(self) -> os.stat_result:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.lstat, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def mkdir(
+        self, mode: int = 0o777, parents: bool = False, exist_ok: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.mkdir, mode, parents, exist_ok, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.open,
+            mode,
+            buffering,
+            encoding,
+            errors,
+            newline,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+        return AsyncFile(fp, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def owner(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.owner, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def read_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_bytes, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read_text(
+        self, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.read_text, encoding, errors, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        def relative_to(
+            self, *other: str | PathLike[str], walk_up: bool = False
+        ) -> Self:
+            # relative_to() should work with any PathLike but it doesn't
+            others = [pathlib.Path(other) for other in other]
+            return type(self)(
+                self._path.relative_to(*others, walk_up=walk_up), limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+
+    else:
+
+        def relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+            return type(self)(self._path.relative_to(*other), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readlink(self) -> Self:
+        target = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.readlink, self._path, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def rename(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rename, target, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def replace(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.replace, target, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Self:
+        func = partial(self._path.resolve, strict=strict)
+        return type(self)(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                func, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            ),
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Pre Python 3.12
+        def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def rglob(
+            self, pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def rglob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+
+    async def rmdir(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rmdir, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def samefile(self, other_path: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other_path, Path):
+            other_path = other_path._path
+
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.samefile,
+            other_path,
+            abandon_on_cancel=True,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    async def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> os.stat_result:
+        func = partial(os.stat, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            func, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def symlink_to(
+        self,
+        target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes],
+        target_is_directory: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.symlink_to, target, target_is_directory, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.touch, mode, exist_ok, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.unlink, limiter=self._limiter)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if not missing_ok:
+                raise
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def walk(
+            self,
+            top_down: bool = True,
+            on_error: Callable[[OSError], object] | None = None,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[Self, list[str], list[str]]]:
+            def get_next_value() -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[str], list[str]] | None:
+                try:
+                    return next(gen)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    return None
+
+            gen = self._path.walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
+            while True:
+                value = await to_thread.run_sync(get_next_value, limiter=self._limiter)
+                if value is None:
+                    return
+
+                root, dirs, paths = value
+                yield type(self)(root, limiter=self._limiter), dirs, paths
+
+    def with_name(self, name: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.with_name(name), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def with_stem(self, stem: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            self._path.with_name(stem + self._path.suffix), limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    def with_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.with_suffix(suffix), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def with_segments(self, *pathsegments: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(*pathsegments, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def write_bytes(self, data: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_bytes, data, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def write_text(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_text,
+            data,
+            encoding,
+            errors,
+            newline,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+
+PathLike.register(Path)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9a5344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+
+
+async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None:
+    """
+    Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope.
+
+    Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything.
+
+    :param resource: the resource to close
+
+    """
+    with CancelScope() as scope:
+        scope.cancel()
+        await resource.aclose()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24c79e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+def open_signal_receiver(
+    *signals: Signals,
+) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+    """
+    Start receiving operating system signals.
+
+    :param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``)
+    :return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields
+        signal numbers
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid
+        relying on this in cross-platform applications.
+
+    .. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for
+        the given signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`.
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().open_signal_receiver(*signals)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29f7332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1011 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address, ip_address
+from os import PathLike, chmod
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast, overload
+
+from .. import ConnectionFailed, to_thread
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    ConnectedUDPSocket,
+    ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+    IPAddressType,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    SocketStream,
+    UDPSocket,
+    UNIXDatagramSocket,
+    UNIXSocketStream,
+)
+from ..streams.stapled import MultiListener
+from ..streams.tls import TLSConnectable, TLSStream
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._resources import aclose_forcefully
+from ._synchronization import Event
+from ._tasks import create_task_group, move_on_after
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+    from typing_extensions import deprecated
+else:
+    from warnings import deprecated
+
+IPPROTO_IPV6 = getattr(socket, "IPPROTO_IPV6", 41)  # https://bugs.python.org/issue29515
+
+AnyIPAddressFamily = Literal[
+    AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6
+]
+IPAddressFamily = Literal[AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6]
+
+
+# tls_hostname given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# ssl_context given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=True
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[True],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=False
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[False],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+# No TLS arguments
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int | None = None,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = 0.25,
+) -> SocketStream | TLSStream:
+    """
+    Connect to a host using the TCP protocol.
+
+    This function implements the stateless version of the Happy Eyeballs algorithm (RFC
+    6555). If ``remote_host`` is a host name that resolves to multiple IP addresses,
+    each one is tried until one connection attempt succeeds. If the first attempt does
+    not connected within 250 milliseconds, a second attempt is started using the next
+    address in the list, and so on. On IPv6 enabled systems, an IPv6 address (if
+    available) is tried first.
+
+    When the connection has been established, a TLS handshake will be done if either
+    ``ssl_context`` or ``tls_hostname`` is not ``None``, or if ``tls`` is ``True``.
+
+    :param remote_host: the IP address or host name to connect to
+    :param remote_port: port on the target host to connect to
+    :param local_host: the interface address or name to bind the socket to before
+        connecting
+    :param local_port: the local port to bind to (requires ``local_host`` to also be
+        set)
+    :param tls: ``True`` to do a TLS handshake with the connected stream and return a
+        :class:`~anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream` instead
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object to use (if omitted, a default context is
+        created)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: If ``True``, performs the TLS shutdown handshake
+        before closing the stream and requires that the server does this as well.
+        Otherwise, :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError` may be raised during reads from the stream.
+        Some protocols, such as HTTP, require this option to be ``False``.
+        See :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for details.
+    :param tls_hostname: host name to check the server certificate against (defaults to
+        the value of ``remote_host``)
+    :param happy_eyeballs_delay: delay (in seconds) before starting the next connection
+        attempt
+    :return: a socket stream object if no TLS handshake was done, otherwise a TLS stream
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    # Placed here due to https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7057
+    connected_stream: SocketStream | None = None
+
+    async def try_connect(remote_host: str, event: Event) -> None:
+        nonlocal connected_stream
+        try:
+            stream = await asynclib.connect_tcp(remote_host, remote_port, local_address)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            oserrors.append(exc)
+            return
+        else:
+            if connected_stream is None:
+                connected_stream = stream
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+            else:
+                await stream.aclose()
+        finally:
+            event.set()
+
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(str(local_host), local_port)
+        family, *_, local_address = gai_res[0]
+
+    target_host = str(remote_host)
+    try:
+        addr_obj = ip_address(remote_host)
+    except ValueError:
+        addr_obj = None
+
+    if addr_obj is not None:
+        if isinstance(addr_obj, IPv6Address):
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET6, addr_obj.compressed)]
+        else:
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET, addr_obj.compressed)]
+    else:
+        # getaddrinfo() will raise an exception if name resolution fails
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            target_host, remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM
+        )
+
+        # Organize the list so that the first address is an IPv6 address (if available)
+        # and the second one is an IPv4 addresses. The rest can be in whatever order.
+        v6_found = v4_found = False
+        target_addrs = []
+        for af, *_, sa in gai_res:
+            if af == socket.AF_INET6 and not v6_found:
+                v6_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(0, (af, sa[0]))
+            elif af == socket.AF_INET and not v4_found and v6_found:
+                v4_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(1, (af, sa[0]))
+            else:
+                target_addrs.append((af, sa[0]))
+
+    oserrors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for _af, addr in target_addrs:
+                event = Event()
+                tg.start_soon(try_connect, addr, event)
+                with move_on_after(happy_eyeballs_delay):
+                    await event.wait()
+
+        if connected_stream is None:
+            cause = (
+                oserrors[0]
+                if len(oserrors) == 1
+                else ExceptionGroup("multiple connection attempts failed", oserrors)
+            )
+            raise OSError("All connection attempts failed") from cause
+    finally:
+        oserrors.clear()
+
+    if tls or tls_hostname or ssl_context:
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                connected_stream,
+                server_side=False,
+                hostname=tls_hostname or str(remote_host),
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(connected_stream)
+            raise
+
+    return connected_stream
+
+
+async def connect_unix(path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any]) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+    """
+    Connect to the given UNIX socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path to the socket
+    :return: a socket stream object
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    path = os.fspath(path)
+    return await get_async_backend().connect_unix(path)
+
+
+async def create_tcp_listener(
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> MultiListener[SocketStream]:
+    """
+    Create a TCP socket listener.
+
+    :param local_port: port number to listen on
+    :param local_host: IP address of the interface to listen on. If omitted, listen on
+        all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. To listen on all interfaces on a specific address
+        family, use ``0.0.0.0`` for IPv4 or ``::`` for IPv6.
+    :param family: address family (used if ``local_host`` was omitted)
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a multi-listener object containing one or more socket listeners
+    :raises OSError: if there's an error creating a socket, or binding to one or more
+        interfaces failed
+
+    """
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    local_host = str(local_host) if local_host is not None else None
+
+    def setup_raw_socket(
+        fam: AddressFamily,
+        bind_addr: tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int],
+        *,
+        v6only: bool = True,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        sock = socket.socket(fam)
+        try:
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            if fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+                sock.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, v6only)
+
+            # For Windows, enable exclusive address use. For others, enable address
+            # reuse.
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1)
+            else:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+
+            if reuse_port:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+            # Workaround for #554
+            if fam == socket.AF_INET6 and "%" in bind_addr[0]:
+                addr, scope_id = bind_addr[0].split("%", 1)
+                bind_addr = (addr, bind_addr[1], 0, int(scope_id))
+
+            sock.bind(bind_addr)
+            sock.listen(backlog)
+        except BaseException:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+
+        return sock
+
+    # We passing type=0 on non-Windows platforms as a workaround for a uvloop bug
+    # where we don't get the correct scope ID for IPv6 link-local addresses when passing
+    # type=socket.SOCK_STREAM to getaddrinfo():
+    # https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/539
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        local_host,
+        local_port,
+        family=family,
+        type=socket.SOCK_STREAM if sys.platform == "win32" else 0,
+        flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+    )
+
+    # The set comprehension is here to work around a glibc bug:
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14969
+    sockaddrs = sorted({res for res in gai_res if res[1] == SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM})
+
+    # Special case for dual-stack binding on the "any" interface
+    if (
+        local_host is None
+        and family == AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC
+        and socket.has_dualstack_ipv6()
+        and any(fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6 for fam, *_ in gai_res)
+    ):
+        raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(
+            AddressFamily.AF_INET6, ("::", local_port), v6only=False
+        )
+        listener = asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket)
+        return MultiListener([listener])
+
+    errors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        for _ in range(len(sockaddrs)):
+            listeners: list[SocketListener] = []
+            bound_ephemeral_port = local_port
+            try:
+                for fam, *_, sockaddr in sockaddrs:
+                    sockaddr = sockaddr[0], bound_ephemeral_port, *sockaddr[2:]
+                    raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(fam, sockaddr)
+
+                    # Store the assigned port if an ephemeral port was requested, so
+                    # we'll bind to the same port on all interfaces
+                    if local_port == 0 and len(gai_res) > 1:
+                        bound_ephemeral_port = raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+
+                    listeners.append(asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                for listener in listeners:
+                    await listener.aclose()
+
+                # If an ephemeral port was requested but binding the assigned port
+                # failed for another interface, rotate the address list and try again
+                if (
+                    isinstance(exc, OSError)
+                    and exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE
+                    and local_port == 0
+                    and bound_ephemeral_port
+                ):
+                    errors.append(exc)
+                    sockaddrs.append(sockaddrs.pop(0))
+                    continue
+
+                raise
+
+            return MultiListener(listeners)
+
+        raise OSError(
+            f"Could not create {len(sockaddrs)} listeners with a consistent port"
+        ) from ExceptionGroup("Several bind attempts failed", errors)
+    finally:
+        del errors  # Prevent reference cycles
+
+
+async def create_unix_listener(
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    mode: int | None = None,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+) -> SocketListener:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX socket listener.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :return: a listener object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        If a socket already exists on the file system in the given path, it will be
+        removed first.
+
+    """
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(path, mode, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    try:
+        raw_socket.listen(backlog)
+        return get_async_backend().create_unix_listener(raw_socket)
+    except BaseException:
+        raw_socket.close()
+        raise
+
+
+async def create_udp_socket(
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> UDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UDP socket.
+
+    If ``port`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this port on the local
+    machine, making this socket suitable for providing UDP based services.
+
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a UDP socket
+
+    """
+    if family is AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC and not local_host:
+        raise ValueError('Either "family" or "local_host" must be given')
+
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+    elif family is AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+        local_address = ("::", 0)
+    else:
+        local_address = ("0.0.0.0", 0)
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, None, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(UDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_connected_udp_socket(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UDP socket.
+
+    Connected UDP sockets can only communicate with the specified remote host/port, an
+    any packets sent from other sources are dropped.
+
+    :param remote_host: remote host to set as the default target
+    :param remote_port: port on the remote host to set as the default target
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` or ``remote_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+    """
+    local_address = None
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        str(remote_host), remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+    remote_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, remote_address, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(ConnectedUDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making this
+    socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes can
+    send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(raw_socket, None)
+
+
+async def create_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+    remote_path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Connected datagram sockets can only communicate with the specified remote path.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making
+    this socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes
+    can send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param remote_path: the path to set as the default target
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    remote_path = os.fspath(remote_path)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        raw_socket, remote_path
+    )
+
+
+async def getaddrinfo(
+    host: bytes | str | None,
+    port: str | int | None,
+    *,
+    family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+    type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+    proto: int = 0,
+    flags: int = 0,
+) -> list[tuple[AddressFamily, SocketKind, int, str, tuple[str, int]]]:
+    """
+    Look up a numeric IP address given a host name.
+
+    Internationalized domain names are translated according to the (non-transitional)
+    IDNA 2008 standard.
+
+    .. note:: 4-tuple IPv6 socket addresses are automatically converted to 2-tuples of
+        (host, port), unlike what :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` does.
+
+    :param host: host name
+    :param port: port number
+    :param family: socket family (`'AF_INET``, ...)
+    :param type: socket type (``SOCK_STREAM``, ...)
+    :param proto: protocol number
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getaddrinfo()``
+    :return: list of tuples containing (family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getaddrinfo`
+
+    """
+    # Handle unicode hostnames
+    if isinstance(host, str):
+        try:
+            encoded_host: bytes | None = host.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            import idna
+
+            encoded_host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True)
+    else:
+        encoded_host = host
+
+    gai_res = await get_async_backend().getaddrinfo(
+        encoded_host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+    )
+    return [
+        (family, type, proto, canonname, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(sockaddr))
+        for family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr in gai_res
+        # filter out IPv6 results when IPv6 is disabled
+        if not isinstance(sockaddr[0], int)
+    ]
+
+
+def getnameinfo(sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0) -> Awaitable[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Look up the host name of an IP address.
+
+    :param sockaddr: socket address (e.g. (ipaddress, port) for IPv4)
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getnameinfo()``
+    :return: a tuple of (host name, service name)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getnameinfo`
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_readable` instead")
+def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_readable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket has data to be read.
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_writable` instead")
+def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_writable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket can be written to.
+
+    This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor
+    event loop (default on py3.8+).
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+def wait_readable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object has data to be read.
+
+    On Unix systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer file descriptor, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer file descriptor. Any
+    kind of file descriptor can be passed, though the exact semantics will depend on
+    your kernel. For example, this probably won't do anything useful for on-disk files.
+
+    On Windows systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer ``SOCKET`` handle, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer ``SOCKET`` handle. File
+    descriptors aren't supported, and neither are handles that refer to anything besides
+    a ``SOCKET``.
+
+    On backends where this functionality is not natively provided (asyncio
+    ``ProactorEventLoop`` on Windows), it is provided using a separate selector thread
+    which is set to shut down when the interpreter shuts down.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(obj)
+
+
+def wait_writable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object can be written to.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: See the documentation of :func:`wait_readable` for the definition of
+       ``obj`` and notes on backend compatibility.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(obj)
+
+
+def notify_closing(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+    """
+    Call this before closing a file descriptor (on Unix) or socket (on
+    Windows). This will cause any `wait_readable` or `wait_writable`
+    calls on the given object to immediately wake up and raise
+    `~anyio.ClosedResourceError`.
+
+    This doesn't actually close the object – you still have to do that
+    yourself afterwards. Also, you want to be careful to make sure no
+    new tasks start waiting on the object in between when you call this
+    and when it's actually closed. So to close something properly, you
+    usually want to do these steps in order:
+
+    1. Explicitly mark the object as closed, so that any new attempts
+       to use it will abort before they start.
+    2. Call `notify_closing` to wake up any already-existing users.
+    3. Actually close the object.
+
+    It's also possible to do them in a different order if that's more
+    convenient, *but only if* you make sure not to have any checkpoints in
+    between the steps. This way they all happen in a single atomic
+    step, so other tasks won't be able to tell what order they happened
+    in anyway.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    get_async_backend().notify_closing(obj)
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+def convert_ipv6_sockaddr(
+    sockaddr: tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[str, int],
+) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a 4-tuple IPv6 socket address to a 2-tuple (address, port) format.
+
+    If the scope ID is nonzero, it is added to the address, separated with ``%``.
+    Otherwise the flow id and scope id are simply cut off from the tuple.
+    Any other kinds of socket addresses are returned as-is.
+
+    :param sockaddr: the result of :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`
+    :return: the converted socket address
+
+    """
+    # This is more complicated than it should be because of MyPy
+    if isinstance(sockaddr, tuple) and len(sockaddr) == 4:
+        host, port, flowinfo, scope_id = sockaddr
+        if scope_id:
+            # PyPy (as of v7.3.11) leaves the interface name in the result, so
+            # we discard it and only get the scope ID from the end
+            # (https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3938)
+            host = host.split("%")[0]
+
+            # Add scope_id to the address
+            return f"{host}%{scope_id}", port
+        else:
+            return host, port
+    else:
+        return sockaddr
+
+
+async def setup_unix_local_socket(
+    path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    mode: int | None,
+    socktype: int,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX local socket object, deleting the socket at the given path if it
+    exists.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param socktype: socket.SOCK_STREAM or socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    """
+    path_str: str | None
+    if path is not None:
+        path_str = os.fsdecode(path)
+
+        # Linux abstract namespace sockets aren't backed by a concrete file so skip stat call
+        if not path_str.startswith("\0"):
+            # Copied from pathlib...
+            try:
+                stat_result = os.stat(path)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (
+                    errno.ENOENT,
+                    errno.ENOTDIR,
+                    errno.EBADF,
+                    errno.ELOOP,
+                ):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                if stat.S_ISSOCK(stat_result.st_mode):
+                    os.unlink(path)
+    else:
+        path_str = None
+
+    raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socktype)
+    raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+
+    if path_str is not None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(raw_socket.bind, path_str, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+            if mode is not None:
+                await to_thread.run_sync(chmod, path_str, mode, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+        except BaseException:
+            raw_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+    return raw_socket
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TCPConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a TCP server at the given host and port.
+
+    :param host: host name or IP address of the server
+    :param port: TCP port number of the server
+    """
+
+    host: str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+    port: int
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.port < 1 or self.port > 65535:
+            raise ValueError("TCP port number out of range")
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> SocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_tcp(self.host, self.port)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(
+                f"error connecting to {self.host}:{self.port}: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UNIXConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a UNIX domain socket at the given path.
+
+    :param path: the file system path of the socket
+    """
+
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_unix(self.path)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(f"error connecting to {self.path!r}: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+def as_connectable(
+    remote: ByteStreamConnectable
+    | tuple[str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address, int]
+    | str
+    | bytes
+    | PathLike[str],
+    /,
+    *,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+) -> ByteStreamConnectable:
+    """
+    Return a byte stream connectable from the given object.
+
+    If a bytestream connectable is given, it is returned unchanged.
+    If a tuple of (host, port) is given, a TCP connectable is returned.
+    If a string or bytes path is given, a UNIX connectable is returned.
+
+    If ``tls=True``, the connectable will be wrapped in a
+    :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`.
+
+    :param remote: a connectable, a tuple of (host, port) or a path to a UNIX socket
+    :param tls: if ``True``, wrap the plaintext connectable in a
+        :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`, using the provided TLS settings)
+    :param ssl_context: if ``tls=True``, the SSLContext object to use  (if not provided,
+        a secure default will be created)
+    :param tls_hostname: if ``tls=True``, host name of the server to use for checking
+        the server certificate (defaults to the host portion of the address for TCP
+        connectables)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: if ``False`` and ``tls=True``, makes the TLS stream
+        skip the closing handshake when closing the connection, so it won't raise an
+        exception if the server does the same
+
+    """
+    connectable: TCPConnectable | UNIXConnectable | TLSConnectable
+    if isinstance(remote, ByteStreamConnectable):
+        return remote
+    elif isinstance(remote, tuple) and len(remote) == 2:
+        connectable = TCPConnectable(*remote)
+    elif isinstance(remote, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+        connectable = UNIXConnectable(remote)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot convert {remote!r} to a connectable")
+
+    if tls:
+        if not tls_hostname and isinstance(connectable, TCPConnectable):
+            tls_hostname = str(connectable.host)
+
+        connectable = TLSConnectable(
+            connectable,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            hostname=tls_hostname,
+            standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+        )
+
+    return connectable
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b9c7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ..streams.memory import (
+    MemoryObjectReceiveStream,
+    MemoryObjectSendStream,
+    _MemoryObjectStreamState,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+
+
+class create_memory_object_stream(
+    tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]],
+):
+    """
+    Create a memory object stream.
+
+    The stream's item type can be annotated like
+    :func:`create_memory_object_stream[T_Item]`.
+
+    :param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts
+        blocking
+    :param item_type: old way of marking the streams with the right generic type for
+        static typing (does nothing on AnyIO 4)
+
+        .. deprecated:: 4.0
+          Use ``create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...)`` instead.
+    :return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream)
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls, max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: object = None
+    ) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]:
+        if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int):
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf")
+        if max_buffer_size < 0:
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative")
+        if item_type is not None:
+            warn(
+                "The item_type argument has been deprecated in AnyIO 4.0. "
+                "Use create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...) instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        state = _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_Item](max_buffer_size)
+        return (MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9796f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from io import BytesIO
+from os import PathLike
+from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess
+from typing import IO, Any, TypeAlias, cast
+
+from ..abc import Process
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._tasks import create_task_group
+
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+async def run_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    input: bytes | None = None,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = None,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    check: bool = True,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
+    """
+    Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`; ``input`` overrides this
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the
+        process terminates with a return code other than 0
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the
+        command
+    :param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment
+        variables from the parent process
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (Python >= 3.9,
+        POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :return: an object representing the completed process
+    :raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process
+        exits with a nonzero return code
+
+    """
+
+    async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None:
+        buffer = BytesIO()
+        async for chunk in stream:
+            buffer.write(chunk)
+
+        stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue()
+
+    if stdin is not None and input is not None:
+        raise ValueError("only one of stdin and input is allowed")
+
+    async with await open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=PIPE if input else stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        user=user,
+        group=group,
+        extra_groups=extra_groups,
+        umask=umask,
+    ) as process:
+        stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None]
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            if process.stdout:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0)
+
+            if process.stderr:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1)
+
+            if process.stdin and input:
+                await process.stdin.send(input)
+                await process.stdin.aclose()
+
+            await process.wait()
+
+    output, errors = stream_contents
+    if check and process.returncode != 0:
+        raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors)
+
+    return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors)
+
+
+async def open_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> Process:
+    """
+    Start an external command in a subprocess.
+
+    .. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a
+        file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing
+    :param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the
+        environment variables for the new process
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (POSIX only)
+    :return: an asynchronous process object
+
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if user is not None:
+        kwargs["user"] = user
+
+    if group is not None:
+        kwargs["group"] = group
+
+    if extra_groups is not None:
+        kwargs["extra_groups"] = group
+
+    if umask >= 0:
+        kwargs["umask"] = umask
+
+    return await get_async_backend().open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed19116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError, NoEventLoopError
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class EventStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks
+    :ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens
+    :ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from
+        this limiter
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of`
+    """
+
+    borrowed_tokens: int
+    total_tokens: float
+    borrowers: tuple[object, ...]
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LockStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not
+    :ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the
+        lock is not held by any task)
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire`
+    """
+
+    locked: bool
+    owner: TaskInfo | None
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConditionStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait`
+    :ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying
+        :class:`~.Lock`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+    lock_statistics: LockStatistics
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SemaphoreStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire`
+
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+class Event:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_event()
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return EventAdapter()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        """Set the flag, notifying all listeners."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the flag has been set.
+
+        If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns
+        immediately.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        """Return statistics about the current state of this event."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class EventAdapter(Event):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_event", "_is_set"
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> EventAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._internal_event: Event | None = None
+        self._is_set = False
+
+    @property
+    def _event(self) -> Event:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._internal_event = get_async_backend().create_event()
+            if self._is_set:
+                self._internal_event.set()
+
+        return self._internal_event
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._is_set = True
+        else:
+            self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return self._is_set
+
+        return self._internal_event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._internal_event.statistics()
+
+
+class Lock:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return LockAdapter(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class LockAdapter(Lock):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_lock", "_fast_acquire"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> LockAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False):
+        self._internal_lock: Lock | None = None
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    @property
+    def _lock(self) -> Lock:
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            self._internal_lock = get_async_backend().create_lock(
+                fast_acquire=self._fast_acquire
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._internal_lock is not None:
+            self._internal_lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            return LockStatistics(False, None, 0)
+
+        return self._internal_lock.statistics()
+
+
+class Condition:
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "_owner_task", "_lock", "_waiters"
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None):
+        self._owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
+        self._lock = lock or Lock()
+        self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    def _check_acquired(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock")
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the underlying lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the underlying lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is set."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Notify exactly n listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                event = self._waiters.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+
+            event.set()
+
+    def notify_all(self) -> None:
+        """Notify all the listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for event in self._waiters:
+            event.set()
+
+        self._waiters.clear()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """Wait for a notification."""
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        self._check_acquired()
+        event = Event()
+        self._waiters.append(event)
+        self.release()
+        try:
+            await event.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            if not event.is_set():
+                self._waiters.remove(event)
+            elif self._waiters:
+                # This task was notified by could not act on it, so pass
+                # it on to the next task
+                self._waiters.popleft().set()
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.acquire()
+
+    async def wait_for(self, predicate: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        """
+        Wait until a predicate becomes true.
+
+        :param predicate: a callable that returns a truthy value when the condition is
+            met
+        :return: the result of the predicate
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+        """
+        while not (result := predicate()):
+            await self.wait()
+
+        return result
+
+    def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this condition.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics())
+
+
+class Semaphore:
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "_fast_acquire"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire
+            )
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return SemaphoreAdapter(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(initial_value, int):
+            raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer")
+        if initial_value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0")
+        if max_value is not None:
+            if not isinstance(max_value, int):
+                raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None")
+            if max_value < initial_value:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value"
+                )
+
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Semaphore:
+        await self.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Increment the semaphore value."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        """The current value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class SemaphoreAdapter(Semaphore):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_semaphore", "_initial_value", "_max_value"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> SemaphoreAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self._internal_semaphore: Semaphore | None = None
+        self._initial_value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+
+    @property
+    def _semaphore(self) -> Semaphore:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            self._internal_semaphore = get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                self._initial_value, max_value=self._max_value
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return self._initial_value
+
+        return self._semaphore.value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return SemaphoreStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._semaphore.statistics()
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return CapacityLimiterAdapter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The total number of tokens available for borrowing.
+
+        This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the
+        proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their
+        tokens.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The property is now writable.
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+            The value can now be set to 0.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        """The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become
+        available.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become
+        available.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the current task.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the given borrower.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this limiter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class CapacityLimiterAdapter(CapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_limiter", "_total_tokens"
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiterAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float) -> None:
+        self._internal_limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def _limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._internal_limiter = get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(
+                self._total_tokens
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return await self._limiter.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and value is not math.inf:
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+        elif value < 1:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 1")
+
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._total_tokens = value
+            return
+
+        self._limiter.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return 0
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+                borrowed_tokens=0,
+                total_tokens=self.total_tokens,
+                borrowers=(),
+                tasks_waiting=0,
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.statistics()
+
+
+class ResourceGuard:
+    """
+    A context manager for ensuring that a resource is only used by a single task at a
+    time.
+
+    Entering this context manager while the previous has not exited it yet will trigger
+    :exc:`BusyResourceError`.
+
+    :param action: the action to guard against (visible in the :exc:`BusyResourceError`
+        when triggered, e.g. "Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.1
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "action", "_guarded"
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str = "using"):
+        self.action: str = action
+        self._guarded = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        if self._guarded:
+            raise BusyResourceError(self.action)
+
+        self._guarded = True
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._guarded = False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..108393e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
+)
+from contextlib import (
+    contextmanager,
+)
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from inspect import iscoroutine
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Generic, final
+
+from ..abc import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._exceptions import TaskCancelled, TaskFailed, TaskNotFinished
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Never, TypeVarTuple
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Never, TypeVarTuple
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_startval = TypeVar("T_startval", covariant=True, default=Never)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_current_task_handle: ContextVar[TaskHandle] = ContextVar("_current_task_handle")
+
+
+class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]):
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus()
+
+
+class CancelScope:
+    """
+    Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable.
+
+    :param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this scope immediately.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically.
+
+        Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope suppressed a cancellation exception it itself raised.
+
+        This is typically used to check if any work was interrupted, or to see if the
+        scope was cancelled due to its deadline being reached. The value will, however,
+        only be ``True`` if the cancellation was triggered by the scope itself (and not
+        an outer scope).
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation.
+
+        While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def fail_after(
+    delay: float | None, shield: bool = False
+) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]:
+    """
+    Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if does not finish in
+    time.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
+    :rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    current_time = get_async_backend().current_time
+    deadline = (current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    with get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(
+        deadline=deadline, shield=shield
+    ) as cancel_scope:
+        yield cancel_scope
+
+    if cancel_scope.cancelled_caught and current_time() >= cancel_scope.deadline:
+        raise TimeoutError
+
+
+def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
+    """
+    Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a cancel scope
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    deadline = (
+        (get_async_backend().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    )
+    return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+
+def current_effective_deadline() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current
+    task.
+
+    :return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if
+        there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has
+        been cancelled)
+    :rtype: float
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_effective_deadline()
+
+
+def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup:
+    """
+    Create a task group.
+
+    :return: a task group
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().create_task_group()
+
+
+@final
+class TaskHandle(Generic[T_co, T_startval]):
+    """
+    Returned from the task-spawning methods of :class:`TaskGroup`. Can be awaited on to
+    get the return value of the task (or the raised exception). If the task was
+    terminated by a :exc:`BaseException`, :exc:`TaskFailed` will be raised (or its
+    subclass :exc:`TaskCancelled` if the task was cancelled).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+    """
+
+    class Status(Enum):
+        """
+        The status of a task handle.
+
+        .. attribute:: PENDING
+
+            The task has not finished yet.
+        .. attribute:: FINISHED
+
+            The task has finished with a return value.
+        .. attribute:: CANCELLING
+
+            The task has been cancelled but has not finished yet.
+        .. attribute:: CANCELLED
+
+            The task was cancelled and has finished since.
+        .. attribute:: FAILED
+
+            The task raised an exception.
+        """
+
+        PENDING = auto()
+        FINISHED = auto()
+        CANCELLING = auto()
+        CANCELLED = auto()
+        FAILED = auto()
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "__weakref__",
+        "_coro",
+        "_name",
+        "_cancel_scope",
+        "_finished_event",
+        "_return_value",
+        "_start_value",
+        "_exception",
+    )
+
+    _return_value: T_co
+    _start_value: T_startval
+
+    def __init__(self, coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co], name: object) -> None:
+        from ._synchronization import Event
+
+        self._coro = coro
+        self._cancel_scope = CancelScope()
+        self._finished_event = Event()
+        self._exception: BaseException | None = None
+
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = str(name)
+        elif iscoroutine(coro):
+            self._name = coro.__qualname__
+        else:
+            self._name = str(coro)  # coroutine-like object (e.g. asend() objects)
+
+    async def _run_coro(self) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        with self._cancel_scope:
+            try:
+                retval = await self._coro
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._exception = exc
+                raise
+            else:
+                self._return_value = retval
+            finally:
+                self._finished_event.set()
+                del self  # Break the reference cycle
+
+    def cancel(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the task to a cancelled state.
+
+        This will interrupt any interruptible asynchronous operation, and will cause
+        any further awaits on this task to get immediately cancelled, unless done in
+        a shielded cancel scope.
+
+        If the task has already finished, this method has no effect.
+        """
+        if not self._finished_event.is_set():
+            self._cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+    @property
+    def coro(self) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
+        """
+        The coroutine object that was passed to one of the task-spawning methods in
+        :class:`TaskGroup`.
+        """
+        return self._coro
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> TaskHandle.Status:
+        """
+        The current status of the task.
+
+        Every task starts in the :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.PENDING` state.
+        If a task is cancelled while in this state, it will transition to the
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING` state. When the task finishes, it will
+        transition to one of the three final states (
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED`, :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FAILED`, or
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING`) depending on the exception the task
+        raised, if any. No other status transitions will happen.
+        """
+        if not self._finished_event.is_set():
+            if self._cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING
+            else:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.PENDING
+        elif self._exception is not None:
+            if isinstance(self._exception, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED
+            else:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.FAILED
+        else:
+            return TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the task."""
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> BaseException | None:
+        """
+        The exception raised by the task, or ``None`` if it finished without raising.
+
+        :raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
+        :raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
+
+        """
+        match self.status:
+            case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
+                return None
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
+                return self._exception
+
+    @property
+    def return_value(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        The return value of the task.
+
+        :raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
+        :raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
+        :raises TaskFailed: if the task raised an exception
+
+        """
+        match self.status:
+            case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
+                return self._return_value
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
+                raise TaskFailed("the task raised an exception") from self._exception
+
+    @property
+    def start_value(self) -> T_startval:
+        """
+        The value passed to :meth:`task_status.started() <.abc.TaskStatus.started>`,
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task was not started with :meth:`TaskGroup.start()
+            <.abc.TaskGroup.start>`
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._start_value
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "the task was not started with TaskGroup.start()"
+            ) from None
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait for the task to finish.
+
+        This method will return as soon as the task has finished, no matter how it
+        happened.
+        """
+        await self._finished_event.wait()
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, Any, T_co]:
+        yield from self._finished_event.wait().__await__()
+        return self.return_value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.status.name.lower()} "
+            f"name={self._name!r} coro={self._coro!r}>"
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a09f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    Generic,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from .._core._fileio import AsyncFile
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+
+
+class TemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager interface to a temporary file.
+    The file is created using Python's standard `tempfile.TemporaryFile` function in a
+    background thread, and is wrapped as an asynchronous file using `AsyncFile`.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode | OpenBinaryMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.buffering = buffering
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.newline = newline
+        self.suffix: str | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: str | None = prefix
+        self.dir: str | None = dir
+        self.errors = errors
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(
+                self.mode,
+                self.buffering,
+                self.encoding,
+                self.newline,
+                self.suffix,
+                self.prefix,
+                self.dir,
+                errors=self.errors,
+            )
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class NamedTemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous named temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for a temporary file with a
+    visible name in the file system. It uses Python's standard
+    :func:`~tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function and wraps the file object with
+    :class:`AsyncFile` for asynchronous operations.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the file when it is closed.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    :param delete_on_close: (Python 3.12+) Whether to delete the file on close.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        delete: bool = True,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        delete_on_close: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "delete": delete,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            self._params["delete_on_close"] = delete_on_close
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**self._params)
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class SpooledTemporaryFile(AsyncFile[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous spooled temporary file that starts in memory and is spooled to disk.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous interface to a spooled temporary file, much like
+    Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`. It supports asynchronous
+    write operations and provides a method to force a rollover to disk.
+
+    :param max_size: Maximum size in bytes before the file is rolled over to disk.
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file (text mode only).
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (text mode only).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _rolled: bool = False
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size: int = 0,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._tempfile_params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        self._max_size = max_size
+        if "b" in mode:
+            super().__init__(BytesIO())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        else:
+            super().__init__(
+                TextIOWrapper(  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    BytesIO(),
+                    encoding=encoding,
+                    errors=errors,
+                    newline=newline,
+                    write_through=True,
+                )
+            )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            self._fp.close()
+            return
+
+        await super().aclose()
+
+    async def _check(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled or self._fp.tell() <= self._max_size:
+            return
+
+        await self.rollover()
+
+    async def rollover(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled:
+            return
+
+        self._rolled = True
+        buffer = self._fp
+        buffer.seek(0)
+        self._fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(**self._tempfile_params)
+        )
+        await self.write(buffer.read())
+        buffer.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._fp.closed
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read(size)
+
+        return await super().read(size)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def read1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read1(size)
+
+        return await super().read1(size)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readline()
+
+        return await super().readline()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readlines()
+
+        return await super().readlines()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readinto(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto(b)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto1(b)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.seek(offset, whence)
+
+        return await super().seek(offset, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.tell()
+
+        return await super().tell()
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.truncate(size)
+
+        return await super().truncate(size)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write data to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the data is written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param s: The data to write.
+        :return: The number of bytes written.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.write(b)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().write(b)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[str] | Iterable[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write a list of lines to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the lines are written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param lines: An iterable of lines to write.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.writelines(lines)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().writelines(lines)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class TemporaryDirectory(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary directory that is created and cleaned up automatically.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for creating a temporary
+    directory. It wraps Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` to
+    perform directory creation and cleanup operations in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param dir: The parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :param ignore_cleanup_errors: Whether to ignore errors during cleanup
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the directory upon closing (Python 3.12+).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+        *,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = False,
+        delete: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.suffix: AnyStr | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: AnyStr | None = prefix
+        self.dir: AnyStr | None = dir
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+        self.delete = delete
+
+        self._tempdir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> str:
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "suffix": self.suffix,
+            "prefix": self.prefix,
+            "dir": self.dir,
+            "ignore_cleanup_errors": self.ignore_cleanup_errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            params["delete"] = self.delete
+
+        self._tempdir = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(**params)
+        )
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.__enter__)
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._tempdir.__exit__, exc_type, exc_value, traceback
+            )
+
+    async def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.cleanup)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
+
+
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str | bytes]:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary file and return an OS-level handle and the file
+    name.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkstemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the file name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the file name.
+    :param dir: Directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param text: Whether the file is opened in text mode.
+    :return: A tuple containing the file descriptor and the file name.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkstemp, suffix, prefix, dir, text)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+) -> str: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary directory and return its path.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkdtemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param dir: Parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :return: The path of the created temporary directory.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkdtemp, suffix, prefix, dir)
+
+
+async def gettempdir() -> str:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdir` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as a string.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdir)
+
+
+async def gettempdirb() -> bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files in bytes.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdirb` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as bytes.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdirb)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..369e65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+class TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Represents an asynchronous task.
+
+    :ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task
+    :ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any
+    :vartype parent_id: Optional[int]
+    :ivar str name: the description of the task (if any)
+    :ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "id", "parent_id", "name", "coro"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id: int,
+        parent_id: int | None,
+        name: str | None,
+        coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any],
+    ):
+        func = get_current_task
+        self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
+        self.id: int = id
+        self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id
+        self.name: str | None = name
+        self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, TaskInfo):
+            return self.id == other.id
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.id)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})"
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if the task has a cancellation pending, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        """
+        return False
+
+
+def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Return the current task.
+
+    :return: a representation of the current task
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().get_current_task()
+
+
+def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]:
+    """
+    Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop.
+
+    :return: a list of task info objects
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return cast("list[TaskInfo]", get_async_backend().get_running_tasks())
+
+
+async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None:
+    """Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something."""
+    await get_async_backend().wait_all_tasks_blocked()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f358a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, final, overload
+
+from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError
+
+T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr")
+T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default")
+undefined = object()
+
+
+def typed_attribute() -> Any:
+    """Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes."""
+    return object()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeSet:
+    """
+    Superclass for typed attribute collections.
+
+    Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation.
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {})
+        for attrname in dir(cls):
+            if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation"
+                )
+
+        super().__init_subclass__()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeProvider:
+    """Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes."""
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]:
+        """
+        A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding
+        values.
+
+        If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should
+        also be included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the
+        callables from the wrapped instance).
+
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default: ...
+
+    @final
+    def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object:
+        """
+        extra(attribute, default=undefined)
+
+        Return the value of the given typed extra attribute.
+
+        :param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to
+            look for
+        :param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the
+            attribute
+        :raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default
+            value was given
+
+        """
+        try:
+            getter = self.extra_attributes[attribute]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is undefined:
+                raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None
+            else:
+                return default
+
+        return getter()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d560ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._eventloop import AsyncBackend as AsyncBackend
+from ._resources import AsyncResource as AsyncResource
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUDPSocket as ConnectedUDPSocket
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket as ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import IPAddressType as IPAddressType
+from ._sockets import IPSockAddrType as IPSockAddrType
+from ._sockets import SocketAttribute as SocketAttribute
+from ._sockets import SocketListener as SocketListener
+from ._sockets import SocketStream as SocketStream
+from ._sockets import UDPPacketType as UDPPacketType
+from ._sockets import UDPSocket as UDPSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramPacketType as UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramSocket as UNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXSocketStream as UNIXSocketStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteReceiveStream as AnyByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteSendStream as AnyByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStream as AnyByteStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStreamConnectable as AnyByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream as AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteSendStream as AnyUnreliableByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteStream as AnyUnreliableByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream as ByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ByteSendStream as ByteSendStream
+from ._streams import ByteStream as ByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteStreamConnectable as ByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import Listener as Listener
+from ._streams import ObjectReceiveStream as ObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ObjectSendStream as ObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStream as ObjectStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStreamConnectable as ObjectStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectReceiveStream as UnreliableObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectSendStream as UnreliableObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectStream as UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._subprocesses import Process as Process
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup as TaskGroup
+from ._tasks import TaskStatus as TaskStatus
+from ._testing import TestRunner as TestRunner
+
+# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility
+# isort: off
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter,
+    Condition as Condition,
+    Event as Event,
+    Lock as Lock,
+    Semaphore as Semaphore,
+)
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal as BlockingPortal
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio.abc."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+del __value
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__pycache__/_testing.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__pycache__/_testing.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad3fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Sequence
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, socket
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+    from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Event, Lock, Semaphore
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
+    from .._core._testing import TaskInfo
+    from ._sockets import (
+        ConnectedUDPSocket,
+        ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+        IPSockAddrType,
+        SocketListener,
+        SocketStream,
+        UDPSocket,
+        UNIXDatagramSocket,
+        UNIXSocketStream,
+    )
+    from ._subprocesses import Process
+    from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+    from ._testing import TestRunner
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+class AsyncBackend(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+        The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param kwargs: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation
+            with
+        :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        """
+        Return an object that allows other threads to run code inside the event loop.
+
+        :return: a token object, specific to the event loop running in the current
+            thread
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+        :return: the clock value (seconds)
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        """Return the exception class that is raised in a task if it's cancelled."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the task has been cancelled, and allow rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This is effectively the same as running :meth:`checkpoint_if_cancelled` and then
+        :meth:`cancel_shielded_checkpoint`.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the current task group has been cancelled.
+
+        This will check if the task has been cancelled, but will not allow other tasks
+        to be scheduled if not.
+
+        """
+        if cls.current_effective_deadline() == -math.inf:
+            await cls.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Allow the rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This will give other tasks the opportunity to run, but without checking if the
+        current task group has been cancelled, unlike with :meth:`checkpoint`.
+
+        """
+        with cls.create_cancel_scope(shield=True):
+            await cls.sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        """
+        Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+        :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the
+        current task.
+
+        :return:
+            - a clock value from the event loop's internal clock
+            - ``inf`` if there is no deadline in effect
+            - ``-inf`` if the current scope has been cancelled
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> TaskGroup:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> Event:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[Process]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket | ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10df115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources.
+
+    Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter,
+    and calls :meth:`aclose` on exit.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """Close the resource."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feb26bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import socket
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Mapping
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+from io import IOBase
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
+from socket import AddressFamily
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .._core._typedattr import (
+    TypedAttributeProvider,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+IPAddressType: TypeAlias = str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+IPSockAddrType: TypeAlias = tuple[str, int]
+SockAddrType: TypeAlias = IPSockAddrType | str
+UDPPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]
+UNIXDatagramPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, str]
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+
+
+def _validate_socket(
+    sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    sock_type: socket.SocketKind,
+    addr_family: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    require_connected: bool = False,
+    require_bound: bool = False,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(fileno=sock_or_fd)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENOTSOCK:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "the file descriptor does not refer to a socket"
+                ) from exc
+            elif require_connected:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+            elif require_bound:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address") from exc
+            else:
+                raise
+    elif isinstance(sock_or_fd, socket.socket):
+        sock = sock_or_fd
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"expected an int or socket, got {type(sock_or_fd).__qualname__} instead"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        if require_connected:
+            try:
+                sock.getpeername()
+            except OSError as exc:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+
+        if require_bound:
+            try:
+                if sock.family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()
+            except OSError:
+                bound_addr = None
+
+            if not bound_addr:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address")
+
+        if addr_family != socket.AF_UNSPEC and sock.family != addr_family:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"address family mismatch: expected {addr_family.name}, got "
+                f"{sock.family.name}"
+            )
+
+        if sock.type != sock_type:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"socket type mismatch: expected {sock_type.name}, got {sock.type.name}"
+            )
+    except BaseException:
+        # Avoid ResourceWarning from the locally constructed socket object
+        if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+            sock.detach()
+
+        raise
+
+    sock.setblocking(False)
+    return sock
+
+
+class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """
+    .. attribute:: family
+        :type: socket.AddressFamily
+
+        the address family of the underlying socket
+
+    .. attribute:: local_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the local address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: local_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the local port the underlying socket is bound to
+
+    .. attribute:: raw_socket
+        :type: socket.socket
+
+        the underlying stdlib socket object
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the remote address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to
+    """
+
+    family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute()
+    local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    local_port: int = typed_attribute()
+    raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute()
+    remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    remote_port: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider):
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert
+
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family,
+            SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert(
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()
+            ),
+            SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket,
+        }
+        try:
+            peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername())
+        except OSError:
+            peername = None
+
+        # Provide the remote address for connected sockets
+        if peername is not None:
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername
+
+        # Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets
+        if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6):
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.local_port] = lambda: (
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+            )
+            if peername is not None:
+                remote_port = peername[1]
+                attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port
+
+        return attributes
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        pass
+
+
+class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Transports bytes over a socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> SocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_connected=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_stream_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream):
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_stream_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        """
+        Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer.
+
+        :param message: a non-empty bytestring
+        :param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file
+            or socket objects)
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        """
+        Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer.
+
+        :param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer
+        :param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer
+        :return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors)
+        """
+
+
+class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Listens to incoming socket connections.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> SocketListener:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket listener.
+
+        The newly created listener takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket listener
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_listener_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        """Accept an incoming connection."""
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+            if task_group is None:
+                task_group = await stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group())
+
+            while True:
+                stream = await self.accept()
+                task_group.start_soon(handler, stream)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must be bound to a local address.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_udp_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port))).
+
+        """
+        return await self.send((data, (host, port)))
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an connected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd,
+            socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            require_connected=True,
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_udp_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(
+    UnreliableObjectStream[UNIXDatagramPacketType], _SocketProvider
+):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, path: str) -> None:
+        """Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, path))."""
+        return await self.send((data, path))
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents a connected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..186e3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream(
+    Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in
+    which they were sent, or that no messages are missed.
+
+    Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the
+    given type parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T_co:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectSendStream(
+    Generic[T_contra], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for sending objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the
+    recipient(s) in the same order in which they were sent, or at all.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the peer(s).
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectStream(
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of
+    message delivery.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    """
+    A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same
+    order in which they were sent, and that no messages are missed.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    """
+    A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order
+    in which they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectStream(
+    ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item],
+    ObjectSendStream[T_Item],
+    UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item],
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message
+    delivery.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer.
+
+    Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more
+    than 65536 bytes.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer.
+
+        .. note:: Implementers of this interface should not return an empty
+            :class:`bytes` object, and users should ignore them.
+
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive
+        :return: the received bytes
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        """
+
+
+class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for sending bytes to a single peer."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the given bytes to the peer.
+
+        :param item: the bytes to send
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """A bidirectional byte stream."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteSendStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteStream: TypeAlias = UnreliableObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = ObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyByteSendStream: TypeAlias = ObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyByteStream: TypeAlias = ObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+
+
+class Listener(Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_co], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them.
+
+        :param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection
+        :param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling
+            each accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created)
+        """
+
+
+class ObjectStreamConnectable(Generic[T_co], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ObjectStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: an object stream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStreamConnectable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ByteStream:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: a bytestream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all connectables returning bytestreams or bytes-oriented object streams
+AnyByteStreamConnectable: TypeAlias = (
+    ObjectStreamConnectable[bytes] | ByteStreamConnectable
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce0564c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class Process(AsyncResource):
+    """An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Wait until the process exits.
+
+        :return: the exit code of the process
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Terminates the process, gracefully if possible.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Kills the process.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a signal to the subprocess.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`
+
+        :param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`)
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        """The process ID of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will
+        be ``None``.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard input of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard output of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard error output of the process."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44ee3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from contextvars import Context
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, final, overload
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope, TaskHandle
+
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True, default=None)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+def get_callable_name(func: Callable, override: object = None) -> str:
+    if override is not None:
+        return str(override)
+
+    module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
+    qualname = getattr(func, "__qualname__", None)
+    return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x])
+
+
+def call_for_coroutine(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+    args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given positional and keyword arguments.
+
+    :return: the resulting coroutine
+    :raises TypeError: if the return value was not a coroutine object
+
+    """
+    coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+    if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+        prefix = f"{func.__module__}." if hasattr(func, "__module__") else ""
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Expected {prefix}{func.__qualname__}() to return a coroutine, but "
+            f"the return value ({coro!r}) is not a coroutine object"
+        )
+
+    return coro
+
+
+class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]):
+    @overload
+    def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None: ...
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal that the task has started.
+
+        :param value: object passed back to the starter of the task
+        """
+
+
+class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Groups several asynchronous tasks together.
+
+    :ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks
+    :vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    .. note:: On asyncio, support for eager task factories is considered to be
+        **experimental**. In particular, they don't follow the usual semantics of new
+        tasks being scheduled on the next iteration of the event loop, and may thus
+        cause unexpected behavior in code that wasn't written with such semantics in
+        mind.
+    """
+
+    cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this task group's cancel scope immediately.
+
+        This is a shortcut for calling ``.cancel_scope.cancel()`` on the task group.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+
+        """
+        self.cancel_scope.cancel(reason)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a new task from a coroutine object and schedule it to run.
+
+        :param coro: a coroutine object
+        :param name: optional name to give the task
+        :param context: optional context to run the task in
+        :return: a task handle
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+        """
+
+    @final
+    def start_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        """
+        Start a new task in this task group.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
+        :return: a task handle
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+            This method now returns a task handle.
+
+        """
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        return self.create_task(call_for_coroutine(func, args), name=final_name)
+
+    @overload
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[True],
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co, Any]: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        The target callable must accept a keyword argument ``task_status`` (of type
+        :class:`TaskStatus`). Awaiting on this method will return whatever was passed to
+        ``task_status.started()`` (``None`` by default).
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`TaskStatus` class is generic, and the type argument should
+            indicate the type of the value that will be passed to
+            ``task_status.started()``.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function that accepts the ``task_status`` keyword
+            argument
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: an optional name for the task, for introspection and debugging
+        :param return_handle: if ``True``, return a :class:`TaskHandle` which also
+            contains the start value in ``start_value``
+        :return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()``
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling
+            ``task_status.started()``
+
+        .. seealso:: :ref:`start_initialize`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        """Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a93fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import types
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the
+    same event loop.
+    """
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        return self
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[_T]:
+        """
+        Run an async generator fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> _T:
+        """
+        Run an async fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: the return value of the fixture function
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Run an async test function.
+
+        :param test_func: the test function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the test runner is running.
+
+        :return: ``True`` if the coroutine is currently being run, ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c7914c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BlockingPortal",
+    "BlockingPortalProvider",
+    "check_cancelled",
+    "run",
+    "run_sync",
+    "start_blocking_portal",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Generator
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import (
+    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    AbstractContextManager,
+    contextmanager,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import isawaitable
+from threading import Lock, Thread, current_thread, get_ident
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from ._core._eventloop import (
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from ._core._eventloop import run as run_eventloop
+from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+from ._core._synchronization import Event
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, create_task_group
+from .abc._tasks import TaskStatus
+from .lowlevel import EventLoopToken, current_token
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+def _token_or_error(token: EventLoopToken | None) -> EventLoopToken:
+    if token is not None:
+        return token
+
+    try:
+        return threadlocals.current_token
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise NoEventLoopError(
+            "Not running inside an AnyIO worker thread, and no event loop token was "
+            "provided"
+        ) from None
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
+) -> T_co:
+    """
+    Call a coroutine function from a worker thread.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
+        (required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
+        AnyIO worker thread
+    :raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
+        Added the ``token`` parameter.
+
+    """
+    explicit_token = token is not None
+    token = _token_or_error(token)
+    return token.backend_class.run_async_from_thread(
+        func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
+    )
+
+
+def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call a function in the event loop thread from a worker thread.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
+        (required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
+    :return: the return value of the callable
+    :raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
+        AnyIO worker thread
+    :raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
+        Added the ``token`` parameter.
+
+    """
+    explicit_token = token is not None
+    token = _token_or_error(token)
+    return token.backend_class.run_sync_from_thread(
+        func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
+    )
+
+
+class _BlockingAsyncContextManager(Generic[T_co], AbstractContextManager):
+    _enter_future: Future[T_co]
+    _exit_future: Future[bool | None]
+    _exit_event: Event
+    _exit_exc_info: tuple[
+        type[BaseException] | None, BaseException | None, TracebackType | None
+    ] = (None, None, None)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, async_cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co], portal: BlockingPortal
+    ):
+        self._async_cm = async_cm
+        self._portal = portal
+
+    async def run_async_cm(self) -> bool | None:
+        try:
+            self._exit_event = Event()
+            value = await self._async_cm.__aenter__()
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._enter_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        else:
+            self._enter_future.set_result(value)
+
+        try:
+            # Wait for the sync context manager to exit.
+            # This next statement can raise `get_cancelled_exc_class()` if
+            # something went wrong in a task group in this async context
+            # manager.
+            await self._exit_event.wait()
+        finally:
+            # In case of cancellation, it could be that we end up here before
+            # `_BlockingAsyncContextManager.__exit__` is called, and an
+            # `_exit_exc_info` has been set.
+            result = await self._async_cm.__aexit__(*self._exit_exc_info)
+
+        return result
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> T_co:
+        self._enter_future = Future()
+        self._exit_future = self._portal.start_task_soon(self.run_async_cm)
+        return self._enter_future.result()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        __exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        __exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        __traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        self._exit_exc_info = __exc_type, __exc_value, __traceback
+        self._portal.call(self._exit_event.set)
+        return self._exit_future.result()
+
+
+class _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: Future):
+        self._future = future
+
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        self._future.set_result(value)
+
+
+class BlockingPortal:
+    """
+    An object that lets external threads run code in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._token = current_token()
+        self._event_loop_thread_id: int | None = get_ident()
+        self._stop_event = Event()
+        self._task_group = create_task_group()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
+        await self._task_group.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        await self.stop()
+        return await self._task_group.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def _check_running(self) -> None:
+        if self._event_loop_thread_id is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("This portal is not running")
+        if self._event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This method cannot be called from the event loop thread"
+            )
+
+    async def sleep_until_stopped(self) -> None:
+        """Sleep until :meth:`stop` is called."""
+        await self._stop_event.wait()
+
+    async def stop(self, cancel_remaining: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal the portal to shut down.
+
+        This marks the portal as no longer accepting new calls and exits from
+        :meth:`sleep_until_stopped`.
+
+        :param cancel_remaining: ``True`` to cancel all the remaining tasks, ``False``
+            to let them finish before returning
+
+        """
+        self._event_loop_thread_id = None
+        self._stop_event.set()
+        if cancel_remaining:
+            self._task_group.cancel_scope.cancel("the blocking portal is shutting down")
+
+    async def _call_func(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        future: Future[T_Retval],
+    ) -> None:
+        event_loop_thread_id = self._event_loop_thread_id
+
+        def callback(f: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
+            if f.cancelled():
+                if event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
+                    scope.cancel("the future was cancelled")
+                elif event_loop_thread_id is not None:
+                    run_sync(
+                        scope.cancel, "the future was cancelled", token=self._token
+                    )
+
+        try:
+            retval_or_awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            if isawaitable(retval_or_awaitable):
+                with CancelScope() as scope:
+                    future.add_done_callback(callback)
+                    retval = await retval_or_awaitable
+            else:
+                retval = retval_or_awaitable
+        except get_cancelled_exc_class():
+            future.cancel()
+            future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            if not future.cancelled():
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+
+            # Let base exceptions fall through
+            if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                raise
+        else:
+            if not future.cancelled():
+                future.set_result(retval)
+        finally:
+            scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def _spawn_task_from_thread(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        name: object,
+        future: Future[T_Retval],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Spawn a new task using the given callable.
+
+        :param func: a callable
+        :param args: positional arguments to be passed to the callable
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to be passed to the callable
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :param future: a future that will resolve to the return value of the callable,
+            or the exception raised during its execution
+
+        """
+        run_sync(
+            partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name),
+            self._call_func,
+            func,
+            args,
+            kwargs,
+            future,
+            token=self._token,
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    ) -> T_Retval: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval: ...
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Call the given function in the event loop thread.
+
+        If the callable returns a coroutine object, it is awaited on.
+
+        :param func: any callable
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
+            from within the event loop thread
+
+        """
+        return cast(T_Retval, self.start_task_soon(func, *args).result())
+
+    @overload
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
+
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]:
+        """
+        Start a task in the portal's task group.
+
+        The task will be run inside a cancel scope which can be cancelled by cancelling
+        the returned future.
+
+        :param func: the target function
+        :param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :return: a future that resolves with the return value of the callable if the
+            task completes successfully, or with the exception raised in the task
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
+            from within the event loop thread
+        :rtype: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval]
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        self._check_running()
+        f: Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {}, name, f)
+        return f
+
+    def start_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> tuple[Future[T_Retval], Any]:
+        """
+        Start a task in the portal's task group and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        This method works the same way as :meth:`.abc.TaskGroup.start`.
+
+        :param func: the target function
+        :param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :return: a tuple of (future, task_status_value) where the ``task_status_value``
+            is the value passed to ``task_status.started()`` from within the target
+            function
+        :rtype: tuple[concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval], Any]
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+
+        def task_done(future: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
+            if not task_status_future.done():
+                if future.cancelled():
+                    task_status_future.cancel()
+                elif future.exception():
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(future.exception())
+                else:
+                    exc = RuntimeError(
+                        "Task exited without calling task_status.started()"
+                    )
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+
+        self._check_running()
+        task_status_future: Future = Future()
+        task_status = _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(task_status_future)
+        f: Future = Future()
+        f.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {"task_status": task_status}, name, f)
+        return f, task_status_future.result()
+
+    def wrap_async_context_manager(
+        self, cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co]
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[T_co]:
+        """
+        Wrap an async context manager as a synchronous context manager via this portal.
+
+        Spawns a task that will call both ``__aenter__()`` and ``__aexit__()``, stopping
+        in the middle until the synchronous context manager exits.
+
+        :param cm: an asynchronous context manager
+        :return: a synchronous context manager
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        """
+        return _BlockingAsyncContextManager(cm, self)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BlockingPortalProvider:
+    """
+    A manager for a blocking portal. Used as a context manager. The first thread to
+    enter this context manager causes a blocking portal to be started with the specific
+    parameters, and the last thread to exit causes the portal to be shut down. Thus,
+    there will be exactly one blocking portal running in this context as long as at
+    least one thread has entered this context manager.
+
+    The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
+
+    :param backend: name of the backend
+    :param backend_options: backend options
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.4
+    """
+
+    backend: str = "asyncio"
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    _lock: Lock = field(init=False, default_factory=Lock)
+    _leases: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    _portal: BlockingPortal = field(init=False)
+    _portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = field(
+        init=False, default=None
+    )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._portal_cm is None:
+                self._portal_cm = start_blocking_portal(
+                    self.backend, self.backend_options
+                )
+                self._portal = self._portal_cm.__enter__()
+
+            self._leases += 1
+            return self._portal
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = None
+        with self._lock:
+            assert self._portal_cm
+            assert self._leases > 0
+            self._leases -= 1
+            if not self._leases:
+                portal_cm = self._portal_cm
+                self._portal_cm = None
+                del self._portal
+
+        if portal_cm:
+            portal_cm.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def start_blocking_portal(
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    *,
+    name: str | None = None,
+) -> Generator[BlockingPortal, Any, None]:
+    """
+    Start a new event loop in a new thread and run a blocking portal in its main task.
+
+    The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
+
+    :param backend: name of the backend
+    :param backend_options: backend options
+    :param name: name of the thread
+    :return: a context manager that yields a blocking portal
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Usage as a context manager is now required.
+
+    """
+
+    async def run_portal() -> None:
+        async with BlockingPortal() as portal_:
+            if name is None:
+                current_thread().name = f"{backend}-portal-{id(portal_):x}"
+
+            future.set_result(portal_)
+            await portal_.sleep_until_stopped()
+
+    def run_blocking_portal() -> None:
+        if future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
+            try:
+                run_eventloop(
+                    run_portal, backend=backend, backend_options=backend_options
+                )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_exception(exc)
+
+    future: Future[BlockingPortal] = Future()
+    thread = Thread(target=run_blocking_portal, daemon=True, name=name)
+    thread.start()
+    try:
+        cancel_remaining_tasks = False
+        portal = future.result()
+        try:
+            yield portal
+        except BaseException:
+            cancel_remaining_tasks = True
+            raise
+        finally:
+            try:
+                portal.call(portal.stop, cancel_remaining_tasks)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+    finally:
+        thread.join()
+
+
+def check_cancelled() -> None:
+    """
+    Check if the cancel scope of the host task's running the current worker thread has
+    been cancelled.
+
+    If the host task's current cancel scope has indeed been cancelled, the
+    backend-specific cancellation exception will be raised.
+
+    :raises RuntimeError: if the current thread was not spawned by
+        :func:`.to_thread.run_sync`
+
+    """
+    try:
+        token: EventLoopToken = threadlocals.current_token
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise NoEventLoopError(
+            "This function can only be called inside an AnyIO worker thread"
+        ) from None
+
+    token.backend_class.check_cancelled()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/functools.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/functools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0bdfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/functools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "AsyncCacheInfo",
+    "AsyncCacheParameters",
+    "AsyncLRUCacheWrapper",
+    "cache",
+    "lru_cache",
+    "reduce",
+)
+
+import functools
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterable,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Hashable,
+    Iterable,
+)
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    NamedTuple,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypedDict,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    final,
+    overload,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock
+from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+S = TypeVar("S")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+lru_cache_items: RunVar[
+    WeakKeyDictionary[
+        AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[Any, Any],
+        OrderedDict[
+            Hashable,
+            tuple[_InitialMissingType, Lock, float | None]
+            | tuple[Any, None, float | None],
+        ],
+    ]
+] = RunVar("lru_cache_items")
+
+
+class _InitialMissingType:
+    pass
+
+
+initial_missing: _InitialMissingType = _InitialMissingType()
+
+
+class AsyncCacheInfo(NamedTuple):
+    hits: int
+    misses: int
+    maxsize: int | None
+    currsize: int
+    ttl: int | None
+
+
+class AsyncCacheParameters(TypedDict):
+    maxsize: int | None
+    typed: bool
+    always_checkpoint: bool
+    ttl: int | None
+
+
+class _LRUMethodWrapper(Generic[T]):
+    def __init__(self, wrapper: AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[..., T], instance: object):
+        self.__wrapper = wrapper
+        self.__instance = instance
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
+        return self.__wrapper.cache_info()
+
+    def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
+        return self.__wrapper.cache_parameters()
+
+    def cache_clear(self) -> None:
+        self.__wrapper.cache_clear()
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T:
+        if self.__instance is None:
+            return await self.__wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return await self.__wrapper(self.__instance, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@final
+class AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(Generic[P, T]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T]],
+        maxsize: int | None,
+        typed: bool,
+        always_checkpoint: bool,
+        ttl: int | None,
+    ):
+        self.__wrapped__ = func
+        self._hits: int = 0
+        self._misses: int = 0
+        self._maxsize = max(maxsize, 0) if maxsize is not None else None
+        self._currsize: int = 0
+        self._typed = typed
+        self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
+        self._ttl = ttl
+        update_wrapper(self, func)
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
+        return AsyncCacheInfo(
+            self._hits, self._misses, self._maxsize, self._currsize, self._ttl
+        )
+
+    def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
+        return {
+            "maxsize": self._maxsize,
+            "typed": self._typed,
+            "always_checkpoint": self._always_checkpoint,
+            "ttl": self._ttl,
+        }
+
+    def cache_clear(self) -> None:
+        if cache := lru_cache_items.get(None):
+            cache.pop(self, None)
+            self._hits = self._misses = self._currsize = 0
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+        # Easy case first: if maxsize == 0, no caching is done
+        if self._maxsize == 0:
+            value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self._misses += 1
+            return value
+
+        # The key is constructed as a flat tuple to avoid memory overhead
+        key: tuple[Any, ...] = args
+        if kwargs:
+            # initial_missing is used as a separator
+            key += (initial_missing,) + sum(kwargs.items(), ())
+
+        if self._typed:
+            key += tuple(type(arg) for arg in args)
+            if kwargs:
+                key += (initial_missing,) + tuple(type(val) for val in kwargs.values())
+
+        try:
+            cache = lru_cache_items.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
+            lru_cache_items.set(cache)
+
+        try:
+            cache_entry = cache[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            cache_entry = cache[self] = OrderedDict()
+
+        cached_value: T | _InitialMissingType
+        try:
+            cached_value, lock, expires_at = cache_entry[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            # We're the first task to call this function
+            cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
+                initial_missing,
+                Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
+                None,
+            )
+            cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
+
+        if lock is None:
+            if expires_at is not None and current_time() >= expires_at:
+                self._currsize -= 1
+                cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
+                    initial_missing,
+                    Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
+                    None,
+                )
+                cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
+            else:
+                # The value was already cached
+                self._hits += 1
+                cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
+                if self._always_checkpoint:
+                    await checkpoint()
+
+                return cast(T, cached_value)
+
+        async with lock:
+            # Check if another task filled the cache while we acquired the lock
+            if (cached_value := cache_entry[key][0]) is initial_missing:
+                self._misses += 1
+                if self._maxsize is not None and self._currsize >= self._maxsize:
+                    cache_entry.popitem(last=False)
+                else:
+                    self._currsize += 1
+
+                value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
+                expires_at = (
+                    current_time() + self._ttl if self._ttl is not None else None
+                )
+                cache_entry[key] = value, None, expires_at
+            else:
+                # Another task filled the cache while we were waiting for the lock
+                self._hits += 1
+                cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
+                value = cast(T, cached_value)
+
+        return value
+
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: object, owner: type | None = None
+    ) -> _LRUMethodWrapper[T]:
+        wrapper = _LRUMethodWrapper(self, instance)
+        update_wrapper(wrapper, self.__wrapped__)
+        return wrapper
+
+
+class _LRUCacheWrapper:
+    def __init__(
+        self, maxsize: int | None, typed: bool, always_checkpoint: bool, ttl: int | None
+    ):
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+        self._typed = typed
+        self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
+        self._ttl = ttl
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+        self, func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+    ) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self, func: Callable[..., T], /
+    ) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, f: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]] | Callable[..., T], /
+    ) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T] | functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]:
+        if iscoroutinefunction(f):
+            return AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(
+                f, self._maxsize, self._typed, self._always_checkpoint, self._ttl
+            )
+
+        return functools.lru_cache(maxsize=self._maxsize, typed=self._typed)(f)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+@overload
+def cache(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+
+def cache(func: Callable[..., Any] | Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], /) -> Any:
+    """
+    A convenient shortcut for :func:`lru_cache` with ``maxsize=None``.
+
+    This is the asynchronous equivalent to :func:`functools.cache`.
+
+    """
+    return lru_cache(maxsize=None)(func)
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(
+    *,
+    maxsize: int | None = ...,
+    typed: bool = ...,
+    always_checkpoint: bool = ...,
+    ttl: int | None = ...,
+) -> _LRUCacheWrapper: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+
+def lru_cache(
+    func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]] | Callable[..., Any] | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    maxsize: int | None = 128,
+    typed: bool = False,
+    always_checkpoint: bool = False,
+    ttl: int | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :func:`functools.lru_cache`.
+
+    If a synchronous function is passed, the standard library
+    :func:`functools.lru_cache` is applied instead.
+
+    :param always_checkpoint: if ``True``, every call to the cached function will be
+        guaranteed to yield control to the event loop at least once
+    :param ttl: time in seconds after which to invalidate cache entries
+
+    .. note:: Caches and locks are managed on a per-event loop basis.
+
+    """
+    if func is None:
+        return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)
+
+    if not callable(func):
+        raise TypeError("the first argument must be callable")
+
+    return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)(func)
+
+
+@overload
+async def reduce(
+    function: Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[S],
+    /,
+    initial: T,
+) -> T: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def reduce(
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    /,
+) -> T: ...
+
+
+async def reduce(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] | Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[T] | AsyncIterable[S],
+    /,
+    initial: T | _InitialMissingType = initial_missing,
+) -> T:
+    """
+    Asynchronous version of :func:`functools.reduce`.
+
+    :param function: a coroutine function that takes two arguments: the accumulated
+        value and the next element from the iterable
+    :param iterable: an iterable or async iterable
+    :param initial: the initial value (if missing, the first element of the iterable is
+        used as the initial value)
+
+    """
+    element: Any
+    function_called = False
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
+        async_it = iterable.__aiter__()
+        if initial is initial_missing:
+            try:
+                value = cast(T, await async_it.__anext__())
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            value = cast(T, initial)
+
+        async for element in async_it:
+            value = await function(value, element)
+            function_called = True
+    elif isinstance(iterable, Iterable):
+        it = iter(iterable)
+        if initial is initial_missing:
+            try:
+                value = cast(T, next(it))
+            except StopIteration:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            value = cast(T, initial)
+
+        for element in it:
+            value = await function(value, element)
+            function_called = True
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("reduce() argument 2 must be an iterable or async iterable")
+
+    # Make sure there is at least one checkpoint, even if an empty iterable and an
+    # initial value were given
+    if not function_called:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+    return value
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5248e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "accumulate",
+    "batched",
+    "Chain",
+    "combinations",
+    "combinations_with_replacement",
+    "compress",
+    "count",
+    "cycle",
+    "dropwhile",
+    "filterfalse",
+    "groupby",
+    "islice",
+    "pairwise",
+    "permutations",
+    "product",
+    "repeat",
+    "starmap",
+    "tee",
+    "takewhile",
+    "zip_longest",
+)
+
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, cast, overload
+
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope
+from .lowlevel import cancel_shielded_checkpoint, checkpoint, checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+R = TypeVar("R")
+_tee_end = object()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _IterableAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    iterator: Iterator[T]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            result = next(self.iterator)
+        except StopIteration:
+            await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        return result
+
+
+def _iterate(iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterator):
+        return iterable
+
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
+        return iterable.__aiter__()
+
+    return _IterableAsyncIterator(iter(iterable))
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _TeeLink(Generic[T]):
+    value: object | None = None
+    next: _TeeLink[T] | None = None
+    filled: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _TeeState(Generic[T]):
+    iterator: AsyncIterator[T]
+    lock: Lock = field(default_factory=Lock)
+
+    async def fill(self, link: _TeeLink[T]) -> bool:
+        if link.filled:
+            return False
+
+        async with self.lock:
+            if link.filled:
+                return True
+
+            link.value = await anext(self.iterator, _tee_end)
+            if link.value is not _tee_end:
+                link.next = _TeeLink()
+
+            link.filled = True
+            return True
+
+
+class _TeeAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    _state: _TeeState[T]
+    _link: _TeeLink[T]
+    _element_yielded: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T] | _TeeAsyncIterator[T]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(iterable, _TeeAsyncIterator):
+            self._state = iterable._state
+            self._link = iterable._link
+        else:
+            self._state = _TeeState(_iterate(iterable))
+            self._link = _TeeLink()
+
+        self._element_yielded = False
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        had_yieldpoint = await self._state.fill(self._link)
+        if self._link.value is _tee_end:
+            if not self._element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+        if not had_yieldpoint:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+        self._element_yielded = True
+        value = cast(T, self._link.value)
+        next_link = self._link.next
+        assert next_link is not None
+        self._link = next_link
+        if not had_yieldpoint:
+            await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+        return value
+
+
+async def _operator_add(x: T, y: T) -> T:
+    return operator.add(x, y)
+
+
+async def accumulate(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] = _operator_add,
+    *,
+    initial: T | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    if initial is None:
+        try:
+            total = await anext(iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            await checkpoint()
+            return
+    else:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        total = initial
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    yield total
+
+    async for element in iterator:
+        total = await function(total, element)
+        yield total
+
+
+async def batched(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int, *, strict: bool = False
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    if n < 1:
+        raise ValueError("n must be at least one")
+
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+
+    while True:
+        batch: list[T] = []
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                batch.append(await anext(iterator))
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                if not batch:
+                    await checkpoint()
+                    return
+                if strict:
+                    raise ValueError("batched(): incomplete batch") from None
+
+                yield tuple(batch)
+                return
+
+        yield tuple(batch)
+
+
+class Chain:
+    def __call__(
+        self, *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+        return self.from_iterable(iterables)
+
+    async def from_iterable(
+        self,
+        iterables: (
+            Iterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
+            | AsyncIterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
+        ),
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+        element_yielded = False
+        outer_iter = _iterate(iterables)
+
+        try:
+            async for iterable in outer_iter:
+                async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+                    element_yielded = True
+                    yield element
+        finally:
+            aclose = getattr(outer_iter, "aclose", None)
+            if aclose is not None:
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await aclose()
+
+        if not element_yielded:
+            await checkpoint()
+
+
+chain: Chain = Chain()
+
+
+async def combinations(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations(pool, r)):
+        yield combination
+
+
+async def combinations_with_replacement(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations_with_replacement(pool, r)):
+        yield combination
+
+
+async def compress(
+    data: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    selectors: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    data_iterator = _iterate(data)
+    selector_iterator = _iterate(selectors)
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            datum = await anext(data_iterator)
+            selector = await anext(selector_iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        if selector:
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield datum
+
+
+async def count(start: int = 0, step: int = 1) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:
+    n = start
+    while True:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        value = n
+        n += step
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        yield value
+
+
+async def cycle(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    saved: list[T] = []
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        saved.append(element)
+        yield element
+
+    if not saved:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    while True:
+        for element in saved:
+            await checkpoint()
+            yield element
+
+
+async def dropwhile(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+    dropping = True
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if dropping and await predicate(element):
+            continue
+
+        dropping = False
+        element_yielded = True
+        yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def filterfalse(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if not await predicate(element):
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+@overload
+def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, list[T]], None]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[R]],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[R, list[T]], None]: ...
+
+
+async def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]] | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, list[T]], None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    try:
+        element = await anext(iterator)
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    group_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
+    values = [element]
+
+    async for element in iterator:
+        next_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
+        if next_key != group_key:
+            completed_group = group_key, values
+            group_key = next_key
+            values = [element]
+            yield completed_group
+        else:
+            values.append(element)
+
+    yield group_key, values
+
+
+@overload
+def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    stop: int | None,
+    /,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    start: int | None,
+    stop: int | None,
+    step: int | None = 1,
+    /,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
+
+
+async def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    *args: int | None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    if not args:
+        raise TypeError("islice expected at least 2 arguments, got 1")
+    if len(args) > 3:
+        raise TypeError(f"islice expected at most 4 arguments, got {len(args) + 1}")
+
+    slice_args = slice(*args)
+
+    start_message = (
+        "Indices for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
+    )
+    stop_message = (
+        "Stop argument for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
+    )
+    step_message = "Step for islice() must be a positive integer or None."
+
+    def normalize_index(value: object, message: str) -> int:
+        try:
+            index = operator.index(cast(Any, value))
+        except TypeError:
+            raise ValueError(message) from None
+
+        if index < 0 or index > sys.maxsize:
+            raise ValueError(message)
+
+        return index
+
+    start = (
+        0
+        if slice_args.start is None
+        else normalize_index(slice_args.start, start_message)
+    )
+    stop = (
+        None
+        if slice_args.stop is None
+        else normalize_index(slice_args.stop, stop_message)
+    )
+    step = (
+        1 if slice_args.step is None else normalize_index(slice_args.step, step_message)
+    )
+
+    if step <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(step_message)
+
+    if stop == 0 or start == stop:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    index = 0
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    while stop is None or index < stop:
+        try:
+            element = await anext(iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        if index >= start and (index - start) % step == 0:
+            index += 1
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield element
+        else:
+            index += 1
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def pairwise(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, T], None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    try:
+        previous = await anext(iterator)
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    element_yielded = False
+    async for element in iterator:
+        element_yielded = True
+        pair = (previous, element)
+        previous = element
+        yield pair
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def permutations(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int | None = None
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    n = len(pool)
+    if r is None:
+        r = n
+    elif not isinstance(r, int):
+        raise TypeError("Expected int as r")
+    elif r < 0:
+        raise ValueError("r must be non-negative")
+
+    async for permutation in _iterate(itertools.permutations(pool, r)):
+        yield permutation
+
+
+async def product(
+    *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], repeat: int = 1
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    repeat = operator.index(repeat)
+    if repeat < 0:
+        raise ValueError("repeat argument cannot be negative")
+
+    pools: list[tuple[T, ...]] = []
+    for iterable in iterables:
+        pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+        pools.append(tuple(pool))
+
+    async for value in _iterate(itertools.product(*pools, repeat=repeat)):
+        yield value
+
+
+async def repeat(element: T, times: int | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    if times is None:
+        while True:
+            await checkpoint()
+            yield element
+
+    remaining = operator.index(cast(Any, times))
+    if remaining <= 0:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    while remaining > 0:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        remaining -= 1
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        yield element
+
+
+async def starmap(
+    function: Callable[..., Awaitable[R]],
+    iterable: (
+        Iterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
+        | AsyncIterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
+    ),
+) -> AsyncGenerator[R, None]:
+    result_yielded = False
+
+    async for args_iterable in _iterate(iterable):
+        args = [element async for element in _iterate(args_iterable)]
+        result_yielded = True
+        yield await function(*args)
+
+    if not result_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+def tee(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int = 2
+) -> tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]:
+    n = operator.index(cast(Any, n))
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
+    if n == 0:
+        return ()
+
+    iterator = _TeeAsyncIterator(iterable)
+    iterators: list[AsyncIterator[T]] = [iterator]
+    iterators.extend(_TeeAsyncIterator(iterator) for _ in range(n - 1))
+    return tuple(iterators)
+
+
+async def takewhile(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if not await predicate(element):
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        element_yielded = True
+        yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def zip_longest(
+    *iterables: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
+    fillvalue: object = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, ...], None]:
+    iterators = [_iterate(iterable) for iterable in iterables]
+    num_active = len(iterators)
+    if not num_active:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    active = [True] * num_active
+    tuple_yielded = False
+
+    while True:
+        values: list[object] = []
+        for index, iterator in enumerate(iterators):
+            if not active[index]:
+                values.append(fillvalue)
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                value = await anext(iterator)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                active[index] = False
+                num_active -= 1
+                if not num_active:
+                    if not tuple_yielded:
+                        await checkpoint()
+
+                    return
+
+                value = fillvalue
+
+            values.append(value)
+
+        tuple_yielded = True
+        yield tuple(values)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d045791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "EventLoopToken",
+    "RunvarToken",
+    "RunVar",
+    "checkpoint",
+    "checkpoint_if_cancelled",
+    "cancel_shielded_checkpoint",
+    "current_token",
+)
+
+import enum
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, final, overload
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .abc import AsyncBackend
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+D = TypeVar("D")
+
+
+async def checkpoint() -> None:
+    """
+    Check for cancellation and allow the scheduler to switch to another task.
+
+    Equivalent to (but more efficient than)::
+
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().checkpoint()
+
+
+async def checkpoint_if_cancelled() -> None:
+    """
+    Enter a checkpoint if the enclosing cancel scope has been cancelled.
+
+    This does not allow the scheduler to switch to a different task.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+
+async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint() -> None:
+    """
+    Allow the scheduler to switch to another task but without checking for cancellation.
+
+    Equivalent to (but potentially more efficient than)::
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await checkpoint()
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+
+@final
+@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False)
+class EventLoopToken:
+    """
+    An opaque object that holds a reference to an event loop.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+    """
+
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend]
+    native_token: object
+
+
+def current_token() -> EventLoopToken:
+    """
+    Return a token object that can be used to call code in the current event loop from
+    another thread.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+    """
+    backend_class = get_async_backend()
+    raw_token = backend_class.current_token()
+    return EventLoopToken(backend_class, raw_token)
+
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[object, dict[RunVar[Any], Any]] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+class _NoValueSet(enum.Enum):
+    NO_VALUE_SET = enum.auto()
+
+
+class RunvarToken(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    A token that can be used to restore a :class:`RunVar` to its previous value.
+
+    Returned by :meth:`RunVar.set`. Can be used as a context manager to automatically
+    reset the variable on exit, or passed directly to :meth:`RunVar.reset`.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_var", "_value", "_redeemed"
+
+    def __init__(self, var: RunVar[T], value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET]):
+        self._var = var
+        self._value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = value
+        self._redeemed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> RunvarToken[T]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._var.reset(self)
+
+
+class RunVar(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Like a :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, except scoped to the running event loop.
+
+    Can be used as a context manager, Just like :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, that
+    will reset the variable to its previous value when the context block is exited.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "_default"
+
+    NO_VALUE_SET: Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, default: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._default = default
+
+    @property
+    def _current_vars(self) -> dict[RunVar[T], T]:
+        native_token = current_token().native_token
+        try:
+            return _run_vars[native_token]
+        except KeyError:
+            run_vars = _run_vars[native_token] = {}
+            return run_vars
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, default: D) -> T | D: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self) -> T: ...
+
+    def get(
+        self, default: D | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
+    ) -> T | D:
+        """
+        Return the current value of this run variable.
+
+        :param default: a fallback value to return if no value has been set
+        :return: the current value, the provided default, or the variable's own default
+        :raises LookupError: if no value is set and no default is available
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._current_vars[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
+                return default
+            elif self._default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
+                return self._default
+
+        raise LookupError(
+            f'Run variable "{self._name}" has no value and no default set'
+        )
+
+    def set(self, value: T) -> RunvarToken[T]:
+        """
+        Set the value of this run variable for the current event loop.
+
+        :param value: the new value
+        :return: a token that can be used to restore the previous value
+
+        """
+        current_vars = self._current_vars
+        token = RunvarToken(self, current_vars.get(self, RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET))
+        current_vars[self] = value
+        return token
+
+    def reset(self, token: RunvarToken[T]) -> None:
+        """
+        Restore this run variable to the value it held before the matching :meth:`set`.
+
+        :param token: the token returned by :meth:`set`
+        :raises ValueError: if the token belongs to a different :class:`RunVar` or the token
+            has already been used
+
+        """
+        if token._var is not self:
+            raise ValueError("This token does not belong to this RunVar")
+
+        if token._redeemed:
+            raise ValueError("This token has already been used")
+
+        if token._value is _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET:
+            try:
+                del self._current_vars[self]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self._current_vars[self] = token._value
+
+        token._redeemed = True
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RunVar name={self._name!r}>"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c66759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import socket
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterator
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, iscoroutinefunction, ismethod
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+import pytest
+from _pytest.fixtures import FuncFixtureInfo, SubRequest
+from _pytest.outcomes import Exit
+from _pytest.python import CallSpec2
+from _pytest.scope import Scope
+
+from . import get_available_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import (
+    current_async_library,
+    get_async_backend,
+    reset_current_async_library,
+    set_current_async_library,
+)
+from ._core._exceptions import iterate_exceptions
+from .abc import TestRunner
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+_current_runner: TestRunner | None = None
+_runner_stack: ExitStack | None = None
+_runner_leases = 0
+
+
+def extract_backend_and_options(backend: object) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+    if isinstance(backend, str):
+        return backend, {}
+    elif isinstance(backend, tuple) and len(backend) == 2:
+        if isinstance(backend[0], str) and isinstance(backend[1], dict):
+            return cast(tuple[str, dict[str, Any]], backend)
+
+    raise TypeError("anyio_backend must be either a string or tuple of (string, dict)")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def get_runner(
+    backend_name: str, backend_options: dict[str, Any]
+) -> Iterator[TestRunner]:
+    global _current_runner, _runner_leases, _runner_stack
+    if _current_runner is None:
+        asynclib = get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        _runner_stack = ExitStack()
+        if current_async_library() is None:
+            # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the
+            # async library
+            token = set_current_async_library(backend_name)
+            _runner_stack.callback(reset_current_async_library, token)
+
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        _current_runner = _runner_stack.enter_context(
+            asynclib.create_test_runner(backend_options)
+        )
+
+    _runner_leases += 1
+    try:
+        yield _current_runner
+    finally:
+        _runner_leases -= 1
+        if not _runner_leases:
+            assert _runner_stack is not None
+            _runner_stack.close()
+            _runner_stack = _current_runner = None
+
+
+def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
+    parser.addini(
+        "anyio_mode",
+        default="strict",
+        help='AnyIO plugin mode (either "strict" or "auto")',
+    )
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        "anyio: mark the (coroutine function) test to be run asynchronously via anyio.",
+    )
+    if (
+        config.getini("anyio_mode") == "auto"
+        and config.pluginmanager.has_plugin("asyncio")
+        and config.getini("asyncio_mode") == "auto"
+    ):
+        config.issue_config_time_warning(
+            pytest.PytestConfigWarning(
+                "AnyIO auto mode has been enabled together with pytest-asyncio auto "
+                "mode. This may cause unexpected behavior."
+            ),
+            1,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
+def pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef: Any, request: Any) -> Generator[Any]:
+    def wrapper(anyio_backend: Any, request: SubRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        # Rebind any fixture methods to the request instance
+        if (
+            request.instance
+            and ismethod(func)
+            and type(func.__self__) is type(request.instance)
+        ):
+            local_func = func.__func__.__get__(request.instance)
+        else:
+            local_func = func
+
+        backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(anyio_backend)
+        if has_backend_arg:
+            kwargs["anyio_backend"] = anyio_backend
+
+        if has_request_arg:
+            kwargs["request"] = request
+
+        with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+            # re-entrant call into the test runner detected. this happens when an async fixture
+            # is dynamically requested via request.getfixturevalue() from inside a running async
+            # test or fixture. on asyncio this raises RuntimeError: This event loop is already
+            # running, on trio the runner deadlocks - the host loop blocks waiting for the
+            # coroutine to return, but the coroutine is waiting for the host loop. raising here
+            # prevents the hang and gives a consistent error across backends.
+            if runner.is_running():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Cannot schedule a coroutine in the test runner while another is already running; "
+                    "likely caused by request.getfixturevalue() on an async fixture."
+                )
+
+            if isasyncgenfunction(local_func):
+                yield from runner.run_asyncgen_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
+            else:
+                yield runner.run_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
+
+    # Only apply this to coroutine functions and async generator functions in requests
+    # that involve the anyio_backend fixture
+    func = fixturedef.func
+    if isasyncgenfunction(func) or iscoroutinefunction(func):
+        if "anyio_backend" in request.fixturenames:
+            fixturedef.func = wrapper
+            original_argname = fixturedef.argnames
+
+            if not (has_backend_arg := "anyio_backend" in fixturedef.argnames):
+                fixturedef.argnames += ("anyio_backend",)
+
+            if not (has_request_arg := "request" in fixturedef.argnames):
+                fixturedef.argnames += ("request",)
+
+            try:
+                return (yield)
+            finally:
+                fixturedef.func = func
+                fixturedef.argnames = original_argname
+
+    return (yield)
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
+def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
+    collector: pytest.Module | pytest.Class, name: str, obj: object
+) -> None:
+    if collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
+        inner_func = obj.hypothesis.inner_test if hasattr(obj, "hypothesis") else obj
+        if iscoroutinefunction(inner_func):
+            anyio_auto_mode = collector.config.getini("anyio_mode") == "auto"
+            marker = collector.get_closest_marker("anyio")
+            own_markers = getattr(obj, "pytestmark", ())
+            if (
+                anyio_auto_mode
+                or marker
+                or any(marker.name == "anyio" for marker in own_markers)
+            ):
+                pytest.mark.usefixtures("anyio_backend")(obj)
+
+
+def pytest_collection_finish(session: pytest.Session) -> None:
+    for i, item in reversed(list(enumerate(session.items))):
+        if (
+            isinstance(item, pytest.Function)
+            and iscoroutinefunction(item.function)
+            and item.get_closest_marker("anyio") is not None
+            and "anyio_backend" not in item.fixturenames
+        ):
+            new_items = []
+            try:
+                cs_fields = {f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(CallSpec2)}
+            except TypeError:
+                cs_fields = set()
+
+            for param_index, backend in enumerate(get_available_backends()):
+                if "_arg2scope" in cs_fields:  # pytest >= 8
+                    callspec = CallSpec2(
+                        params={"anyio_backend": backend},
+                        indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
+                        _arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
+                        _idlist=[backend],
+                        marks=[],
+                    )
+                else:  # pytest 7.x
+                    callspec = CallSpec2(  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+                        funcargs={},
+                        params={"anyio_backend": backend},
+                        indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
+                        arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
+                        idlist=[backend],
+                        marks=[],
+                    )
+
+                fi = item._fixtureinfo
+                new_names_closure = list(fi.names_closure)
+                if "anyio_backend" not in new_names_closure:
+                    new_names_closure.append("anyio_backend")
+
+                new_fixtureinfo = FuncFixtureInfo(
+                    argnames=fi.argnames,
+                    initialnames=fi.initialnames,
+                    names_closure=new_names_closure,
+                    name2fixturedefs=fi.name2fixturedefs,
+                )
+                new_item = pytest.Function.from_parent(
+                    item.parent,
+                    name=f"{item.originalname}[{backend}]",
+                    callspec=callspec,
+                    callobj=item.obj,
+                    fixtureinfo=new_fixtureinfo,
+                    keywords=item.keywords,
+                    originalname=item.originalname,
+                )
+                new_items.append(new_item)
+
+            session.items[i : i + 1] = new_items
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
+def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem: Any) -> bool | None:
+    def run_with_hypothesis(**kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+            runner.run_test(original_func, kwargs)
+
+    backend = pyfuncitem.funcargs.get("anyio_backend")
+    if backend:
+        backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(backend)
+
+        if hasattr(pyfuncitem.obj, "hypothesis"):
+            # Wrap the inner test function unless it's already wrapped
+            original_func = pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test
+            if original_func.__qualname__ != run_with_hypothesis.__qualname__:
+                if iscoroutinefunction(original_func):
+                    pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test = run_with_hypothesis
+
+            return None
+
+        if iscoroutinefunction(pyfuncitem.obj):
+            funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
+            testargs = {arg: funcargs[arg] for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames}
+            with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+                try:
+                    runner.run_test(pyfuncitem.obj, testargs)
+                except ExceptionGroup as excgrp:
+                    for exc in iterate_exceptions(excgrp):
+                        if isinstance(exc, (Exit, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
+                            raise exc from excgrp
+
+                    raise
+
+            return True
+
+    return None
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module", params=get_available_backends())
+def anyio_backend(request: Any) -> Any:
+    return request.param
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def anyio_backend_name(anyio_backend: Any) -> str:
+    if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
+        return anyio_backend
+    else:
+        return anyio_backend[0]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def anyio_backend_options(anyio_backend: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
+        return {}
+    else:
+        return anyio_backend[1]
+
+
+class FreePortFactory:
+    """
+    Manages port generation based on specified socket kind, ensuring no duplicate
+    ports are generated.
+
+    This class provides functionality for generating available free ports on the
+    system. It is initialized with a specific socket kind and can generate ports
+    for given address families while avoiding reuse of previously generated ports.
+
+    Users should not instantiate this class directly, but use the
+    ``free_tcp_port_factory`` and ``free_udp_port_factory`` fixtures instead. For simple
+    uses cases, ``free_tcp_port`` and ``free_udp_port`` can be used instead.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, kind: socket.SocketKind) -> None:
+        self._kind = kind
+        self._generated = set[int]()
+
+    @property
+    def kind(self) -> socket.SocketKind:
+        """
+        The type of socket connection (e.g., :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` or
+        :data:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`) used to bind for checking port availability
+
+        """
+        return self._kind
+
+    def __call__(self, family: socket.AddressFamily | None = None) -> int:
+        """
+        Return an unbound port for the given address family.
+
+        :param family: if omitted, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses will be tried
+        :return: a port number
+
+        """
+        if family is not None:
+            families = [family]
+        else:
+            families = [socket.AF_INET]
+            if socket.has_ipv6:
+                families.append(socket.AF_INET6)
+
+        while True:
+            port = 0
+            with ExitStack() as stack:
+                for family in families:
+                    sock = stack.enter_context(socket.socket(family, self._kind))
+                    addr = "::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"
+                    try:
+                        sock.bind((addr, port))
+                    except OSError:
+                        break
+
+                    if not port:
+                        port = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    if port not in self._generated:
+                        self._generated.add(port)
+                        return port
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def free_tcp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
+    return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def free_udp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
+    return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def free_tcp_port(free_tcp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
+    return free_tcp_port_factory()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def free_udp_port(free_udp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
+    return free_udp_port_factory()
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acf312b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BufferedByteReceiveStream",
+    "BufferedByteStream",
+    "BufferedConnectable",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, SupportsIndex
+
+from .. import ClosedResourceError, DelimiterNotFound, EndOfStream, IncompleteRead
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class BufferedByteReceiveStream(ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    Wraps any bytes-based receive stream and uses a buffer to provide sophisticated
+    receiving capabilities in the form of a byte stream.
+    """
+
+    receive_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    _buffer: bytearray = field(init=False, default_factory=bytearray)
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    @property
+    def buffer(self) -> bytes:
+        """The bytes currently in the buffer."""
+        return bytes(self._buffer)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.receive_stream.extra_attributes
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: Iterable[SupportsIndex], /) -> None:
+        """
+        Append data directly into the buffer.
+
+        Any data in the buffer will be consumed by receive operations before receiving
+        anything from the wrapped stream.
+
+        :param data: the data to append to the buffer (can be bytes or anything else
+            that supports ``__index__()``)
+
+        """
+        self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._buffer:
+            chunk = bytes(self._buffer[:max_bytes])
+            del self._buffer[:max_bytes]
+            return chunk
+        elif isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+            return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+        else:
+            # With a bytes-oriented object stream, we need to handle any surplus bytes
+            # we get from the receive() call
+            chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Save the surplus bytes in the buffer
+                self._buffer.extend(chunk[max_bytes:])
+                return chunk[:max_bytes]
+            else:
+                return chunk
+
+    async def receive_exactly(self, nbytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read exactly the given amount of bytes from the stream.
+
+        :param nbytes: the number of bytes to read
+        :return: the bytes read
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the requested
+            amount of bytes could be read from the stream
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            remaining = nbytes - len(self._buffer)
+            if remaining <= 0:
+                retval = self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                del self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                return bytes(retval)
+
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive(remaining)
+                else:
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            self._buffer.extend(chunk)
+
+    async def receive_until(self, delimiter: bytes, max_bytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read from the stream until the delimiter is found or max_bytes have been read.
+
+        :param delimiter: the marker to look for in the stream
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes that will be read before raising
+            :exc:`~anyio.DelimiterNotFound`
+        :return: the bytes read (not including the delimiter)
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the delimiter
+            was found
+        :raises ~anyio.DelimiterNotFound: if the delimiter is not found within the
+            bytes read up to the maximum allowed
+
+        """
+        delimiter_size = len(delimiter)
+        offset = 0
+        while True:
+            # Check if the delimiter can be found in the current buffer
+            index = self._buffer.find(delimiter, offset)
+            if index >= 0:
+                found = self._buffer[:index]
+                del self._buffer[: index + len(delimiter) :]
+                return bytes(found)
+
+            # Check if the buffer is already at or over the limit
+            if len(self._buffer) >= max_bytes:
+                raise DelimiterNotFound(max_bytes)
+
+            # Read more data into the buffer from the socket
+            try:
+                data = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            # Move the offset forward and add the new data to the buffer
+            offset = max(len(self._buffer) - delimiter_size + 1, 0)
+            self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+
+class BufferedByteStream(BufferedByteReceiveStream, ByteStream):
+    """
+    A full-duplex variant of :class:`BufferedByteReceiveStream`. All writes are passed
+    through to the wrapped stream as-is.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AnyByteStream):
+        """
+        :param stream: the stream to be wrapped
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(stream)
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    @override
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send_eof()
+
+    @override
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send(item)
+
+
+class BufferedConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps a byte stream connectable to produce :class:`BufferedByteStream` connections.
+
+    Use this when you want the streams returned by :meth:`connect` to have the buffered
+    receive API (e.g. :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` and
+    :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until`).
+
+    :param connectable: the byte stream connectable to wrap
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> BufferedByteStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return BufferedByteStream(stream)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79c3d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "FileReadStream",
+    "FileStreamAttribute",
+    "FileWriteStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from io import SEEK_SET, UnsupportedOperation
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Any
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    to_thread,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ..abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class FileStreamAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    #: the open file descriptor
+    file: IO[bytes] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the path of the file on the file system, if available (file must be a real file)
+    path: Path = typed_attribute()
+    #: the file number, if available (file must be a real file or a TTY)
+    fileno: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _BaseFileStream:
+    def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]):
+        self._file = file
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.close)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            FileStreamAttribute.file: lambda: self._file,
+        }
+
+        if hasattr(self._file, "name"):
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.path] = lambda: Path(self._file.name)
+
+        try:
+            self._file.fileno()
+        except UnsupportedOperation:
+            pass
+        else:
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.fileno] = lambda: self._file.fileno()
+
+        return attributes
+
+
+class FileReadStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that reads from a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for reading in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(cls, path: str | PathLike[str]) -> FileReadStream:
+        """
+        Create a file read stream by opening the given file.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to read from
+
+        """
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, "rb")
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.read, max_bytes)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def seek(self, position: int, whence: int = SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        """
+        Seek the file to the given position.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`io.IOBase.seek`
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :param position: position to seek the file to
+        :param whence: controls how ``position`` is interpreted
+        :return: the new absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.seek, position, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the current stream position.
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :return: the current absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.tell)
+
+
+class FileWriteStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that writes to a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for writing in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(
+        cls, path: str | PathLike[str], append: bool = False
+    ) -> FileWriteStream:
+        """
+        Create a file write stream by opening the given file for writing.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to write to
+        :param append: if ``True``, open the file for appending; if ``False``, any
+            existing file at the given path will be truncated
+
+        """
+        mode = "ab" if append else "wb"
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, mode)
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.write, item)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3fa0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MemoryObjectReceiveStream",
+    "MemoryObjectSendStream",
+    "MemoryObjectStreamStatistics",
+)
+
+import warnings
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+from ..abc import Event, ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(NamedTuple):
+    current_buffer_used: int  #: number of items stored in the buffer
+    #: maximum number of items that can be stored on this stream (or :data:`math.inf`)
+    max_buffer_size: float
+    open_send_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the send stream
+    open_receive_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the receive stream
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectSendStream.send`
+    tasks_waiting_send: int
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectReceiveStream.receive`
+    tasks_waiting_receive: int
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectItemReceiver(Generic[T_Item]):
+    task_info: TaskInfo = field(init=False, default_factory=get_current_task)
+    item: T_Item = field(init=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # When item is not defined, we get following error with default __repr__:
+        # AttributeError: 'MemoryObjectItemReceiver' object has no attribute 'item'
+        item = getattr(self, "item", None)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(task_info={self.task_info}, item={item!r})"
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectStreamState(Generic[T_Item]):
+    max_buffer_size: float = field()
+    buffer: deque[T_Item] = field(init=False, default_factory=deque)
+    open_send_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    open_receive_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    waiting_receivers: OrderedDict[Event, _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_Item]] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+    waiting_senders: OrderedDict[Event, T_Item] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        return MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(
+            len(self.buffer),
+            self.max_buffer_size,
+            self.open_send_channels,
+            self.open_receive_channels,
+            len(self.waiting_senders),
+            len(self.waiting_receivers),
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectReceiveStream(Generic[T_co], ObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_co]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_receive_channels += 1
+
+    def receive_nowait(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :return: the received item
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if the buffer is empty and this stream has been
+            closed from the sending end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no items in the buffer and no tasks
+            waiting to send
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._state.waiting_senders:
+            # Get the item from the next sender
+            send_event, item = self._state.waiting_senders.popitem(last=False)
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+            send_event.set()
+
+        if self._state.buffer:
+            return self._state.buffer.popleft()
+        elif not self._state.open_send_channels:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            return self.receive_nowait()
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Add ourselves in the queue
+            receive_event = Event()
+            receiver = _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_co]()
+            self._state.waiting_receivers[receive_event] = receiver
+
+            try:
+                await receive_event.wait()
+            finally:
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.pop(receive_event, None)
+
+            try:
+                return receiver.item
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise EndOfStream from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this receive stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the receiving end of the memory stream be considered closed by the sending ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectReceiveStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_receive_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_receive_channels == 0:
+                send_events = list(self._state.waiting_senders.keys())
+                for event in send_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectSendStream(Generic[T_contra], ObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_contra]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_send_channels += 1
+
+    def send_nowait(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item immediately if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the buffer is full and there are no tasks waiting
+            to receive
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if not self._state.open_receive_channels:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+        while self._state.waiting_receivers:
+            receive_event, receiver = self._state.waiting_receivers.popitem(last=False)
+            if not receiver.task_info.has_pending_cancellation():
+                receiver.item = item
+                receive_event.set()
+                return
+
+        if len(self._state.buffer) < self._state.max_buffer_size:
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+        else:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the stream.
+
+        If the buffer is full, this method blocks until there is again room in the
+        buffer or the item can be sent directly to a receiver.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+
+        """
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            self.send_nowait(item)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Wait until there's someone on the receiving end
+            send_event = Event()
+            self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] = item
+            try:
+                await send_event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._state.waiting_senders.pop(send_event, None)
+                raise
+
+            if send_event in self._state.waiting_senders:
+                del self._state.waiting_senders[send_event]
+                raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this send stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the sending end of the memory stream be considered closed by the receiving ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectSendStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_send_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_send_channels == 0:
+                receive_events = list(self._state.waiting_receivers.keys())
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.clear()
+                for event in receive_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9248b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MultiListener",
+    "StapledByteStream",
+    "StapledObjectStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteSendStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    Listener,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_Stream = TypeVar("T_Stream")
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledByteStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    Combines two byte streams into a single, bidirectional byte stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ByteSendStream send_stream: the sending byte stream
+    :param ByteReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving byte stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ByteSendStream
+    receive_stream: ByteReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledObjectStream(Generic[T_Item], ObjectStream[T_Item]):
+    """
+    Combines two object streams into a single, bidirectional object stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ObjectSendStream send_stream: the sending object stream
+    :param ObjectReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving object stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+    receive_stream: ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_Item:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_Item) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MultiListener(Generic[T_Stream], Listener[T_Stream]):
+    """
+    Combines multiple listeners into one, serving connections from all of them at once.
+
+    Any MultiListeners in the given collection of listeners will have their listeners
+    moved into this one.
+
+    Extra attributes are provided from each listener, with each successive listener
+    overriding any conflicting attributes from the previous one.
+
+    :param listeners: listeners to serve
+    :type listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+    """
+
+    listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        listeners: list[Listener[T_Stream]] = []
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            if isinstance(listener, MultiListener):
+                listeners.extend(listener.listeners)
+                del listener.listeners[:]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            else:
+                listeners.append(listener)
+
+        self.listeners = listeners
+
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_Stream], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for listener in self.listeners:
+                tg.start_soon(listener.serve, handler, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            await listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict = {}
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            attributes.update(listener.extra_attributes)
+
+        return attributes
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..296cd25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TextConnectable",
+    "TextReceiveStream",
+    "TextSendStream",
+    "TextStream",
+)
+
+import codecs
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteSendStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    ObjectStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[str]):
+    """
+    Stream wrapper that decodes bytes to strings using the given encoding.
+
+    Decoding is done using :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` which returns any
+    completely received unicode characters as soon as they come in.
+
+    :param transport_stream: any bytes-based receive stream
+    :param encoding: character encoding to use for decoding bytes to strings (defaults
+        to ``utf-8``)
+    :param errors: handling scheme for decoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see the
+        `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _decoder: codecs.IncrementalDecoder = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        decoder_class = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)
+        self._decoder = decoder_class(errors=errors)
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        while True:
+            chunk = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+            decoded = self._decoder.decode(chunk)
+            if decoded:
+                return decoded
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+        self._decoder.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextSendStream(ObjectSendStream[str]):
+    """
+    Sends strings to the wrapped stream as bytes using the given encoding.
+
+    :param AnyByteSendStream transport_stream: any bytes-based send stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding strings to bytes
+        (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteSendStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: str = "strict"
+    _encoder: Callable[..., tuple[bytes, int]] = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str) -> None:
+        self._encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding)
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        encoded = self._encoder(item, self.errors)[0]
+        await self.transport_stream.send(encoded)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextStream(ObjectStream[str]):
+    """
+    A bidirectional stream that decodes bytes to strings on receive and encodes strings
+    to bytes on send.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param AnyByteStream transport_stream: any bytes-based stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding/decoding strings to/from
+        bytes (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _receive_stream: TextReceiveStream = field(init=False)
+    _send_stream: TextSendStream = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        self._receive_stream = TextReceiveStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+        self._send_stream = TextSendStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        return await self._receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.send_eof()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.aclose()
+        await self._receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self._send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self._receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+class TextConnectable(ObjectStreamConnectable[str]):
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the bytestream endpoint to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TextStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return TextStream(stream)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2a7ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TLSAttribute",
+    "TLSConnectable",
+    "TLSListener",
+    "TLSStream",
+)
+
+import logging
+import re
+import ssl
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import wraps
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    aclose_forcefully,
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    to_thread,
+)
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    Listener,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+_PCTRTT: TypeAlias = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT: TypeAlias = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+
+
+class TLSAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """Contains Transport Layer Security related attributes."""
+
+    #: the selected ALPN protocol
+    alpn_protocol: str | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the channel binding for type ``tls-unique``
+    channel_binding_tls_unique: bytes = typed_attribute()
+    #: the selected cipher
+    cipher: tuple[str, str, int] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in dictionary form (see :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert`
+    # for more information)
+    peer_certificate: None | (dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]) = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in binary form
+    peer_certificate_binary: bytes | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection
+    server_side: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: ciphers shared by the client during the TLS handshake (``None`` if this is the
+    #: client side)
+    shared_ciphers: list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` used for encryption
+    ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this stream does (and expects) a closing TLS handshake when the
+    #: stream is being closed
+    standard_compatible: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: the TLS protocol version (e.g. ``TLSv1.2``)
+    tls_version: str = typed_attribute()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    A stream wrapper that encrypts all sent data and decrypts received data.
+
+    This class has no public initializer; use :meth:`wrap` instead.
+    All extra attributes from :class:`~TLSAttribute` are supported.
+
+    :var AnyByteStream transport_stream: the wrapped stream
+
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    standard_compatible: bool
+    _ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject
+    _read_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+    _write_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap(
+        cls,
+        transport_stream: AnyByteStream,
+        *,
+        server_side: bool | None = None,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> TLSStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing stream with Transport Layer Security.
+
+        This performs a TLS handshake with the peer.
+
+        :param transport_stream: a bytes-transporting stream to wrap
+        :param server_side: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection,
+            ``False`` if this is the client side (if omitted, will be set to ``False``
+            if ``hostname`` has been provided, ``False`` otherwise). Used only to create
+            a default context when an explicit context has not been provided.
+        :param hostname: host name of the peer (if host name checking is desired)
+        :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure
+            default will be created)
+        :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when
+            closing the connection, and don't raise an exception if the peer does the
+            same
+        :raises ~ssl.SSLError: if the TLS handshake fails
+
+        """
+        if server_side is None:
+            server_side = not hostname
+
+        if not ssl_context:
+            purpose = (
+                ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH if server_side else ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+            )
+            ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose)
+
+            # Re-enable detection of unexpected EOFs if it was disabled by Python
+            if hasattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF"):
+                ssl_context.options &= ~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF
+
+        bio_in = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        bio_out = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        # External SSLContext implementations may do blocking I/O in wrap_bio(),
+        # but the standard library implementation won't
+        if type(ssl_context) is ssl.SSLContext:
+            ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+                bio_in, bio_out, server_side=server_side, server_hostname=hostname
+            )
+        else:
+            ssl_object = await to_thread.run_sync(
+                ssl_context.wrap_bio,
+                bio_in,
+                bio_out,
+                server_side,
+                hostname,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        wrapper = cls(
+            transport_stream=transport_stream,
+            standard_compatible=standard_compatible,
+            _ssl_object=ssl_object,
+            _read_bio=bio_in,
+            _write_bio=bio_out,
+        )
+        await wrapper._call_sslobject_method(ssl_object.do_handshake)
+        return wrapper
+
+    async def _call_sslobject_method(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                result = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
+                try:
+                    # Flush any pending writes first
+                    if self._write_bio.pending:
+                        await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                    data = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+                except EndOfStream:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                    self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    self._read_bio.write(data)
+            except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
+                await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+            except ssl.SSLSyscallError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+            except ssl.SSLError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                if isinstance(exc, ssl.SSLEOFError) or (
+                    exc.strerror and "UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING" in exc.strerror
+                ):
+                    if self.standard_compatible:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                    else:
+                        raise EndOfStream from None
+
+                raise
+            else:
+                # Flush any pending writes first
+                if self._write_bio.pending:
+                    await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                return result
+
+    async def unwrap(self) -> tuple[AnyByteStream, bytes]:
+        """
+        Does the TLS closing handshake.
+
+        :return: a tuple of (wrapped byte stream, bytes left in the read buffer)
+
+        """
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.unwrap)
+        self._read_bio.write_eof()
+        self._write_bio.write_eof()
+        return self.transport_stream, self._read_bio.read()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self.standard_compatible:
+            try:
+                await self.unwrap()
+            except BaseException:
+                await aclose_forcefully(self.transport_stream)
+                raise
+
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.read, max_bytes)
+        if not data:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.write, item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        tls_version = self.extra(TLSAttribute.tls_version)
+        match = re.match(r"TLSv(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", tls_version)
+        if match:
+            major, minor = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2) or 0)
+            if (major, minor) < (1, 3):
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    f"send_eof() requires at least TLSv1.3; current "
+                    f"session uses {tls_version}"
+                )
+
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "send_eof() has not yet been implemented for TLS streams"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.transport_stream.extra_attributes,
+            TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol: self._ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol,
+            TLSAttribute.channel_binding_tls_unique: (
+                self._ssl_object.get_channel_binding
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.cipher: self._ssl_object.cipher,
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(False),
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate_binary: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(
+                True
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.server_side: lambda: self._ssl_object.server_side,
+            TLSAttribute.shared_ciphers: lambda: (
+                self._ssl_object.shared_ciphers()
+                if self._ssl_object.server_side
+                else None
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+            TLSAttribute.ssl_object: lambda: self._ssl_object,
+            TLSAttribute.tls_version: self._ssl_object.version,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSListener(Listener[TLSStream]):
+    """
+    A convenience listener that wraps another listener and auto-negotiates a TLS session
+    on every accepted connection.
+
+    If the TLS handshake times out or raises an exception,
+    :meth:`handle_handshake_error` is called to do whatever post-mortem processing is
+    deemed necessary.
+
+    Supports only the :attr:`~TLSAttribute.standard_compatible` extra attribute.
+
+    :param Listener listener: the listener to wrap
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object
+    :param standard_compatible: a flag passed through to :meth:`TLSStream.wrap`
+    :param handshake_timeout: time limit for the TLS handshake
+        (passed to :func:`~anyio.fail_after`)
+    """
+
+    listener: Listener[Any]
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext
+    standard_compatible: bool = True
+    handshake_timeout: float = 30
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def handle_handshake_error(exc: BaseException, stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle an exception raised during the TLS handshake.
+
+        This method does 3 things:
+
+        #. Forcefully closes the original stream
+        #. Logs the exception (unless it was a cancellation exception) using the
+           ``anyio.streams.tls`` logger
+        #. Reraises the exception if it was a base exception or a cancellation exception
+
+        :param exc: the exception
+        :param stream: the original stream
+
+        """
+        await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+
+        # Log all except cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            # CPython (as of 3.11.5) returns incorrect `sys.exc_info()` here when using
+            # any asyncio implementation, so we explicitly pass the exception to log
+            # (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/108668). Trio does not have this
+            # issue because it works around the CPython bug.
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
+                "Error during TLS handshake", exc_info=exc
+            )
+
+        # Only reraise base exceptions and cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, Exception) or isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            raise
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[TLSStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        @wraps(handler)
+        async def handler_wrapper(stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+            from .. import fail_after
+
+            try:
+                with fail_after(self.handshake_timeout):
+                    wrapped_stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                        stream,
+                        ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                        standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+                    )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                await self.handle_handshake_error(exc, stream)
+            else:
+                await handler(wrapped_stream)
+
+        await self.listener.serve(handler_wrapper, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+        }
+
+
+class TLSConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps another connectable and does TLS negotiation after a successful connection.
+
+    :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+    :param hostname: host name of the server (if host name checking is desired)
+    :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure default
+        will be created)
+    :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when closing
+        the connection, and don't raise an exception if the server does the same
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+        *,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connectable = connectable
+        self.ssl_context: SSLContext = ssl_context or ssl.create_default_context(
+            ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+        )
+        if not isinstance(self.ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "ssl_context must be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, not "
+                f"{type(self.ssl_context).__name__}"
+            )
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.standard_compatible = standard_compatible
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TLSStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                stream,
+                hostname=self.hostname,
+                ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+            raise
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..694dbe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "run_sync",
+    "current_default_interpreter_limiter",
+)
+
+import atexit
+import os
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Final, TypeVar
+
+from . import current_time, to_thread
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+from .lowlevel import RunVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from concurrent.interpreters import ExecutionFailed, create
+
+    def _interp_call(
+        func: Callable[..., Any], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+    ) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+        try:
+            retval = func(*args)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            return exc, True
+        else:
+            return retval, False
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter = create()
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter.close()
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            try:
+                res, is_exception = self._interpreter.call(_interp_call, func, args)
+            except ExecutionFailed as exc:
+                raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc.excinfo) from exc
+
+            if is_exception:
+                raise res
+
+            return res
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    import _interpqueues
+    import _interpreters
+
+    UNBOUND: Final = 2  # I have no clue how this works, but it was used in the stdlib
+    FMT_UNPICKLED: Final = 0
+    FMT_PICKLED: Final = 1
+    QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_PICKLED, UNBOUND)
+    QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_UNPICKLED, UNBOUND)
+
+    _run_func = compile(
+        """
+import _interpqueues
+from _interpreters import NotShareableError
+from pickle import loads, dumps, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
+
+QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS = (1, 2)
+QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS = (0, 2)
+
+item = _interpqueues.get(queue_id)[0]
+try:
+    func, args = loads(item)
+    retval = func(*args)
+except BaseException as exc:
+    is_exception = True
+    retval = exc
+else:
+    is_exception = False
+
+try:
+    _interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
+except NotShareableError:
+    retval = dumps(retval, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+    _interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
+    """,
+        "<string>",
+        "exec",
+    )
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter_id = _interpreters.create()
+            self._queue_id = _interpqueues.create(1, *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
+            _interpreters.set___main___attrs(
+                self._interpreter_id, {"queue_id": self._queue_id}
+            )
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            _interpqueues.destroy(self._queue_id)
+            _interpreters.destroy(self._interpreter_id)
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            import pickle
+
+            item = pickle.dumps((func, args), pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+            _interpqueues.put(self._queue_id, item, *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
+            exc_info = _interpreters.exec(self._interpreter_id, _run_func)
+            if exc_info:
+                raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc_info)
+
+            res = _interpqueues.get(self._queue_id)
+            (res, is_exception), fmt = res[:2]
+            if fmt == FMT_PICKLED:
+                res = pickle.loads(res)
+
+            if is_exception:
+                raise res
+
+            return res
+else:
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            raise RuntimeError("subinterpreters require at least Python 3.13")
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+
+DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT: Final = 8  # this is just an arbitrarily selected value
+MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME = (
+    30  # seconds a subinterpreter can be idle before becoming eligible for pruning
+)
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_idle_workers = RunVar[deque[_Worker]]("_available_workers")
+_default_interpreter_limiter = RunVar[CapacityLimiter]("_default_interpreter_limiter")
+
+
+def _stop_workers(workers: deque[_Worker]) -> None:
+    for worker in workers:
+        worker.destroy()
+
+    workers.clear()
+
+
+async def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a subinterpreter.
+
+    .. warning:: On Python 3.13, the :mod:`concurrent.interpreters` module was not yet
+        available, so the code path for that Python version relies on an undocumented,
+        private API. As such, it is recommended to not rely on this function for anything
+        mission-critical on Python 3.13.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: the positional arguments for the callable
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total number of subinterpreters
+        running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :return: the result of the call
+    :raises BrokenWorkerInterpreter: if there's an internal error in a subinterpreter
+
+    """
+    if limiter is None:
+        limiter = current_default_interpreter_limiter()
+
+    try:
+        idle_workers = _idle_workers.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        idle_workers = deque()
+        _idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+        atexit.register(_stop_workers, idle_workers)
+
+    async with limiter:
+        try:
+            worker = idle_workers.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            worker = _Worker()
+
+    try:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            worker.call,
+            func,
+            args,
+            limiter=limiter,
+        )
+    finally:
+        # Prune workers that have been idle for too long
+        now = current_time()
+        while idle_workers:
+            if now - idle_workers[0].last_used <= MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME:
+                break
+
+            await to_thread.run_sync(idle_workers.popleft().destroy, limiter=limiter)
+
+        worker.last_used = current_time()
+        idle_workers.append(worker)
+
+
+def current_default_interpreter_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter used by default to limit the number of concurrently
+    running subinterpreters.
+
+    Defaults to the number of CPU cores.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return _default_interpreter_limiter.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT)
+        _default_interpreter_limiter.set(limiter)
+        return limiter
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd65b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "current_default_process_limiter",
+    "process_worker",
+    "run_sync",
+)
+
+import os
+import pickle
+import runpy
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import TypeVar, cast
+
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time, get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess
+from ._core._subprocesses import open_process
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, fail_after
+from .abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream, Process
+from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from .streams.buffered import BufferedByteReceiveStream
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME = 300  # 5 minutes
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_process_pool_workers: RunVar[set[Process]] = RunVar("_process_pool_workers")
+_process_pool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[tuple[Process, float]]] = RunVar(
+    "_process_pool_idle_workers"
+)
+_default_process_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_process_limiter")
+
+
+async def run_sync(  # type: ignore[return]
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    cancellable: bool = False,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker process.
+
+    If the ``cancellable`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its completion is
+    cancelled, the worker process running it will be abruptly terminated using SIGKILL
+    (or ``terminateProcess()`` on Windows).
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param cancellable: ``True`` to allow cancellation of the operation while it's
+        running
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of processes
+        running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    :return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
+
+    """
+
+    async def send_raw_command(pickled_cmd: bytes) -> object:
+        try:
+            await stdin.send(pickled_cmd)
+            response = await buffered.receive_until(b"\n", 50)
+            status, length = response.split(b" ")
+            if status not in (b"RETURN", b"EXCEPTION"):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {response!r}"
+                )
+
+            pickled_response = await buffered.receive_exactly(int(length))
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            workers.discard(process)
+            try:
+                process.kill()
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await process.aclose()
+            except ProcessLookupError:
+                pass
+
+            if isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                raise
+            else:
+                raise BrokenWorkerProcess from exc
+
+        retval = pickle.loads(pickled_response)
+        if status == b"EXCEPTION":
+            assert isinstance(retval, BaseException)
+            raise retval
+        else:
+            return retval
+
+    # First pickle the request before trying to reserve a worker process
+    await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+    request = pickle.dumps(("run", func, args), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+    # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary variables
+    try:
+        workers = _process_pool_workers.get()
+        idle_workers = _process_pool_idle_workers.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        workers = set()
+        idle_workers = deque()
+        _process_pool_workers.set(workers)
+        _process_pool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+        get_async_backend().setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(workers)
+
+    async with limiter or current_default_process_limiter():
+        # Pop processes from the pool (starting from the most recently used) until we
+        # find one that hasn't exited yet
+        process: Process
+        while idle_workers:
+            process, idle_since = idle_workers.pop()
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
+                buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
+                    cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
+                )
+
+                # Prune any other workers that have been idle for WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                # seconds or longer
+                now = current_time()
+                killed_processes: list[Process] = []
+                while idle_workers:
+                    if now - idle_workers[0][1] < WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME:
+                        break
+
+                    process_to_kill, idle_since = idle_workers.popleft()
+                    process_to_kill.kill()
+                    workers.remove(process_to_kill)
+                    killed_processes.append(process_to_kill)
+
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    for killed_process in killed_processes:
+                        await killed_process.aclose()
+
+                break
+
+            workers.remove(process)
+        else:
+            command = [sys.executable, "-u", "-m", __name__]
+            process = await open_process(
+                command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            try:
+                stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
+                buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
+                    cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
+                )
+                with fail_after(20):
+                    message = await buffered.receive(6)
+
+                if message != b"READY\n":
+                    raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
+                        f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {message!r}"
+                    )
+
+                main_module_path = getattr(sys.modules["__main__"], "__file__", None)
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(
+                    ("init", sys.path, main_module_path),
+                    protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL,
+                )
+                await send_raw_command(pickled)
+            except (BrokenWorkerProcess, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                process.kill()
+                raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
+                    "Error during worker process initialization"
+                ) from exc
+
+            workers.add(process)
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=not cancellable):
+            try:
+                return cast(T_Retval, await send_raw_command(request))
+            finally:
+                if process in workers:
+                    idle_workers.append((process, current_time()))
+
+
+def current_default_process_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of worker
+    processes.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return _default_process_limiter.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or 2)
+        _default_process_limiter.set(limiter)
+        return limiter
+
+
+def process_worker() -> None:
+    # Redirect standard streams to os.devnull so that user code won't interfere with the
+    # parent-worker communication
+    stdin = sys.stdin
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    sys.stdin = open(os.devnull)
+    sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
+
+    stdout.buffer.write(b"READY\n")
+    while True:
+        retval = exception = None
+        try:
+            command, *args = pickle.load(stdin.buffer)
+        except EOFError:
+            return
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exception = exc
+        else:
+            if command == "run":
+                func, args = args
+                try:
+                    retval = func(*args)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exception = exc
+            elif command == "init":
+                main_module_path: str | None
+                sys.path, main_module_path = args
+                del sys.modules["__main__"]
+                if main_module_path and os.path.isfile(main_module_path):
+                    # Load the parent's main module but as __mp_main__ instead of
+                    # __main__ (like multiprocessing does) to avoid infinite recursion
+                    try:
+                        main = ModuleType("__mp_main__")
+                        main_content = runpy.run_path(
+                            main_module_path, run_name="__mp_main__"
+                        )
+                        main.__dict__.update(main_content)
+                        sys.modules["__main__"] = sys.modules["__mp_main__"] = main
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+        try:
+            if exception is not None:
+                status = b"EXCEPTION"
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(exception, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+            else:
+                status = b"RETURN"
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(retval, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exception = exc
+            status = b"EXCEPTION"
+            pickled = pickle.dumps(exc, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+        stdout.buffer.write(b"%s %d\n" % (status, len(pickled)))
+        stdout.buffer.write(pickled)
+
+        # Respect SIGTERM
+        if isinstance(exception, SystemExit):
+            raise exception
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    process_worker()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83c79d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "run_sync",
+    "current_default_thread_limiter",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .abc import CapacityLimiter
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+async def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+    cancellable: bool | None = None,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker thread.
+
+    If the ``abandon_on_cancel`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its
+    completion is cancelled, the thread will still run its course but its
+    return value (or any raised exception) will be ignored.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param abandon_on_cancel: ``True`` to abandon the thread (leaving it to run
+        unchecked on own) if the host task is cancelled, ``False`` to ignore
+        cancellations in the host task until the operation has completed in the worker
+        thread
+    :param cancellable: deprecated alias of ``abandon_on_cancel``; will override
+        ``abandon_on_cancel`` if both parameters are passed
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of threads running
+        (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    :return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
+
+    """
+    if cancellable is not None:
+        abandon_on_cancel = cancellable
+        warn(
+            "The `cancellable=` keyword argument to `anyio.to_thread.run_sync` is "
+            "deprecated since AnyIO 4.1.0; use `abandon_on_cancel=` instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return await get_async_backend().run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        func, args, abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel, limiter=limiter
+    )
+
+
+def current_default_thread_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of
+    concurrent threads.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_default_thread_limiter()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d4f101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: certifi
+Version: 2026.6.17
+Summary: Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle.
+Home-page: https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Author: Kenneth Reitz
+Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com
+License: MPL-2.0
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)
+Classifier: Natural Language :: English
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: project-url
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+Certifi: Python SSL Certificates
+================================
+
+Certifi provides Mozilla's carefully curated collection of Root Certificates for
+validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity
+of TLS hosts. It has been extracted from the `Requests`_ project.
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+``certifi`` is available on PyPI. Simply install it with ``pip``::
+
+    $ pip install certifi
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To reference the installed certificate authority (CA) bundle, you can use the
+built-in function::
+
+    >>> import certifi
+
+    >>> certifi.where()
+    '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem'
+
+Or from the command line::
+
+    $ python -m certifi
+    /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
+
+Enjoy!
+
+.. _`Requests`: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+Addition/Removal of Certificates
+--------------------------------
+
+Certifi does not support any addition/removal or other modification of the
+CA trust store content. This project is intended to provide a reliable and
+highly portable root of trust to python deployments. Look to upstream projects
+for methods to use alternate trust.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7a9fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=6hXAnt0a2el7xm2e9xvPuRCntZLjdKCkN81e47E0wN8,2474
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD,,
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=aeYiig01lYGDzBgS8HxWXOg3uV61G9ijOsup-k9o1sk,91
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=6TcW2mucDVpKHfYP5pWzcPBpVgPSH2-D8FPkLPwQyvc,989
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=KMu4vUCfsjLrkPbSNdgdekS-pVJzBAJFO__nI8NF6-U,8
+certifi/__init__.py,sha256=-W1R_y8WCaSkT1tdjuxH_zTBZY1YH6xQgdN1nbBajOE,94
+certifi/__main__.py,sha256=xBBoj905TUWBLRGANOcf7oi6e-3dMP4cEoG9OyMs11g,243
+certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+certifi/cacert.pem,sha256=u8fpwB11UbuKFZtd7dmJuO484QWv9SK2jrGwG_hUyrA,234354
+certifi/core.py,sha256=XFXycndG5pf37ayeF8N32HUuDafsyhkVMbO4BAPWHa0,3394
+certifi/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a883f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b076c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+This package contains a modified version of ca-bundle.crt:
+
+ca-bundle.crt -- Bundle of CA Root Certificates
+
+This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities
+(CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates
+file (certdata.txt).  This file can be found in the mozilla source tree:
+https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore
+can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with
+an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication.
+Just configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile.#
+
+***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
+v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+@(#) $RCSfile: certdata.txt,v $ $Revision: 1.80 $ $Date: 2011/11/03 15:11:58 $
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..963eac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+certifi
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed9a74b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2026.06.17"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8945b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3070bcc
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ed39cc
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67f7b07
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c2dbfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,3863 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:62:ff:74:9d:31:53:5e:68:4a:d5:78:aa:1e:bf:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:74:4e:9f:2b:4d:ba:ec:0f:31:2c:50:b6:56:3b:8e:2d:93:c3:11
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:93:92:7a:06:14:54:97:89:ad:ce:2f:8f:34:f7:f0:b6:6d:0f:3a:e3:a3:b8:4d:21:ec:15:db:ba:4f:ad:c7
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 06:08:3f:59:3f:15:a1:04:a0:69:a4:6b:a9:03:d0:06:b7:97:09:91
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6c:61:da:c3:a2:de:f0:31:50:6b:e0:36:d2:a6:fe:40:19:94:fb:d1:3d:f9:c8:d4:66:59:92:74:c4:46:ec:98
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEFTCCAv2gAwIBAgIGSUEs5AAQMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIGnMQswCQYDVQQG
+EwJIVTERMA8GA1UEBwwIQnVkYXBlc3QxFTATBgNVBAoMDE5ldExvY2sgS2Z0LjE3
+MDUGA1UECwwuVGFuw7pzw610dsOhbnlraWFkw7NrIChDZXJ0aWZpY2F0aW9uIFNl
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+b2NrIEtmdC4xNzA1BgNVBAsMLlRhbsO6c8OtdHbDoW55a2lhZMOzayAoQ2VydGlm
+aWNhdGlvbiBTZXJ2aWNlcykxNTAzBgNVBAMMLE5ldExvY2sgQXJhbnkgKENsYXNz
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+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
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+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Izenpe.com"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
+# Serial: 279744
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d5:e9:81:40:c5:18:69:fc:46:2c:89:75:62:0f:aa:78
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 69:c1:0d:4f:07:a3:1b:c3:fe:56:3d:04:bc:11:f6:a6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f3:73:b3:87:06:5a:28:84:8a:f2:f3:4a:ce:19:2b:dd:c7:8e:9c:ac
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 46:a7:d2:fe:45:fb:64:5a:a8:59:90:9b:78:44:9b:29
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3d:3b:18:9e:2c:64:5a:e8:d5:88:ce:0e:f9:37:c2:ec
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ca:fb:40:a8:4e:39:92:8a:1d:fe:8e:2f:c4:27:ea:ef
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
+# MD5 Fingerprint: cd:e0:25:69:8d:47:ac:9c:89:35:90:f7:fd:51:3d:2f
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 58:e8:ab:b0:36:15:33:fb:80:f7:9b:1b:6d:29:d3:ff:8d:5f:00:f0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
+# MD5 Fingerprint: aa:c6:43:2c:5e:2d:cd:c4:34:c0:50:4f:11:02:4f:b6
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:01:fb:d8:27:a7:17:9a:45:54:38:1a:43:01:3b:03
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b5:61:eb:ea:a4:de:e4:25:4b:69:1a:98:a5:57:47:c2:34:c7:d9:71
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
+# Serial: 6828503384748696800
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d0:a0:5a:ee:05:b6:09:94:21:a1:7d:f1:b2:29:82:02
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 93:05:7a:88:15:c6:4f:ce:88:2f:fa:91:16:52:28:78:bc:53:64:17
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2b:9b:9e:e4:7b:6c:1f:00:72:1a:cc:c1:77:79:df:6a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
+# Serial: 6643877497813316402
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ae:b9:c4:32:4b:ac:7f:5d:66:cc:77:94:bb:2a:77:56
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a4:bc:5b:3f:fe:37:9a:fa:64:f0:e2:fa:05:3d:0b:ab
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
+# Serial: 390156079458959257446133169266079962026824725800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f5:17:a2:4f:9a:48:c6:c9:f8:a2:00:26:9f:dc:0f:48:2c:ab:30:89
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e4:a6:8a:c8:54:ac:52:42:46:0a:fd:72:48:1b:2a:44
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f5:5d:a4:50:a5:fb:28:7e:1e:0f:0d:cc:96:57:56:ca
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 78:f2:fc:aa:60:1f:2f:b4:eb:c9:37:ba:53:2e:75:49
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2b:8f:1b:57:33:0d:bb:a2:d0:7a:6c:51:f7:0e:e9:0d:da:b9:ad:8e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
+# MD5 Fingerprint: fa:68:bc:d9:b5:7f:ad:fd:c9:1d:06:83:28:cc:24:c1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d1:cb:ca:5d:b2:d5:2a:7f:69:3b:67:4d:e5:f0:5a:1d:0c:95:7d:f0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9f:ad:3b:1c:02:1e:8a:ba:17:74:38:81:0c:a2:bc:08
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 1f:24:c6:30:cd:a4:18:ef:20:69:ff:ad:4f:dd:5f:46:3a:1b:69:aa
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:9f:bc:14:8a:3d:d0:0f:d2:4e:a1:34:58:cc:43:bf:a7:f5:9c:81:82:d7:83:a5:13:f6:eb:ec:10:0c:89:24
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390521976156843933698
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA"
+# Serial: 157768595616588414422159278966750757568
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Subject: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Label: "SZAFIR ROOT CA2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA 2"
+# Serial: 44979900017204383099463764357512596969
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0d:44:dd:8c:3c:8c:1a:1a:58:75:64:81:e9:0f:2e:2a:ff:b3:d2:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 18:ce:6c:fe:7b:f1:4e:60:b2:e3:47:b8:df:e8:68:cb:31:d0:2e:bb:3a:da:27:15:69:f5:03:43:b4:6d:b3:a4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 89:bc:27:d5:eb:17:8d:06:6a:69:d5:fd:89:47:b4:cd
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f6:10:84:07:d6:f8:bb:67:98:0c:c2:e2:44:c2:eb:ae:1c:ef:63:be
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e3:5d:28:41:9e:d0:20:25:cf:a6:90:38:cd:62:39:62:45:8d:a5:c6:95:fb:de:a3:c2:2b:0b:fb:25:89:70:92
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 31:43:64:9b:ec:ce:27:ec:ed:3a:3f:0b:8f:0d:e4:e8:91:dd:ee:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 46:ed:c3:68:90:46:d5:3a:45:3f:b3:10:4a:b8:0d:ca:ec:65:8b:26:60:ea:16:29:dd:7e:86:79:90:64:87:16
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: bf:ff:8f:d0:44:33:48:7d:6a:8a:a6:0c:1a:29:76:7a:9f:c2:bb:b0:5e:42:0f:71:3a:13:b9:92:89:1d:38:93
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:66:6a:56:2e:e0:be:5c:e9:25:c1:d8:89:0a:6f:76:a8:7e:c1:6d:4d:7d:5f:29:ea:74:19:cf:20:12:3b:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 22:a2:c1:f7:bd:ed:70:4c:c1:e7:01:b5:f4:08:c3:10:88:0f:e9:56:b5:de:2a:4a:44:f9:9c:87:3a:25:a7:c8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2c:ab:ea:fe:37:d0:6c:a2:2a:ba:73:91:c0:03:3d:25:98:29:52:c4:53:64:73:49:76:3a:3a:b5:ad:6c:cf:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a9:d6:b9:2d:2f:93:64:f8:a5:69:ca:91:e9:68:07:23
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
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+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 235931866688319308814040
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
+# Serial: 287880440101571086945156
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
+# Serial: 825510296613316004955058
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
+# Serial: 582948710642506000014504
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 46170865288971385588281144162979347873371282084
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 136839042543790627607696632466672567020
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 10:ff:00:ff:cf:c9:f8:c7:7a:c0:ee:35:8e:c9:0f:47
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
+# MD5 Fingerprint: de:1f:f6:9e:84:ae:a7:b4:21:ce:1e:58:7d:d1:84:98
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:d4:83:03:4f:9e:9a:48:80:5f:72:37:d4:a9:a6:ef:cb:7c:1f:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:f1:75:8a:c6:19:cf:94:b7:f7:65:20:87:c3:97:c7
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:7e:41:f6:25:3b:f5:09:b3:17:e8:46:3d:bf:d0:9b
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8f:6b:f2:a9:27:4a:da:14:a0:c4:f4:8e:61:27:f9:c0:1e:78:5d:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
+# Serial: 1552617688466950547958867513931858518042577
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
+# Serial: 40870380103424195783807378461123655149
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 51:e1:c2:e7:fe:4c:84:af:59:0e:2f:f4:54:6f:ea:29
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Subject: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Label: "TunTrust Root CA"
+# Serial: 108534058042236574382096126452369648152337120275
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 76817823531813593706434026085292783742
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 137515985548005187474074462014555733966
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 1977337328857672817
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus ECC Root CA"
+# Serial: 630369271402956006249506845124680065938238527194
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
+# Subject: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
+# Label: "ISRG Root X2"
+# Serial: 87493402998870891108772069816698636114
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "HiPKI Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 60966262342023497858655262305426234976
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
+# Serial: 159662223612894884239637590694
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:29:f8:6d:e1:88:bf:a2:65:7f:aa:c4:cd:0f:7f:fc
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 6b:a0:b0:98:e1:71:ef:5a:ad:fe:48:15:80:77:10:f4:bd:6f:0b:28
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 159662320309726417404178440727
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 05:fe:d0:bf:71:a8:a3:76:63:da:01:e0:d8:52:dc:40
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 159662495401136852707857743206
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:e7:9d:58:02:94:46:51:94:e5:e0:22:4a:8b:e7:73
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
+# Serial: 159662532700760215368942768210
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Subject: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Label: "Telia Root CA v2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 165870826978392376648679885835942448534
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b5:aa:4b:d5:ed:f7:e3:55:2e:8f:72:0a:f3:75:b8:ed
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 126288379621884218666039612629459926992
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:2d:9d:70:9f:48:99:11:06:11:fb:e9:cb:30:c0:6e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5"
+# Serial: 13129116028163249804115411775095713523
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5"
+# Serial: 11930366277458970227240571539258396554
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root R1"
+# Serial: 188833316161142517227353805653483829216
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 07:70:d4:3e:82:87:a0:fa:33:36:13:f4:fa:33:e7:12
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a0:50:ee:0f:28:71:f4:27:b2:12:6d:6f:50:96:25:ba:cc:86:42:af
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
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+# Label: "Security Communication ECC RootCA1"
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+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA1"
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+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46"
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 148535279242832292258835760425842727825
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:4e:c6:59:30:d8:fe:a0:d6:7a:5a:2c:2c:69:78:da
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 26605119622390491762507526719404364228
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 99:d7:5c:f1:51:36:cc:e9:ce:d9:19:2e:77:71:56:c5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 81873346711060652204712539181482831616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:9f:ad:f1:70:ad:79:d6:ed:29:b4:d1:c5:79:70:a8
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9e:bc:75:10:42:b3:02:f3:81:f4:f7:30:62:d4:8f:c3:a7:51:b2:dd
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 111436099570196163832749341232207667876
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G3"
+# Serial: 576386314500428537169965010905813481816650257167
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G4"
+# Serial: 451799571007117016466790293371524403291602933463
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020"
+# Serial: 72082518505882327255703894282316633856
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023"
+# Serial: 44676229530606711399881795178081572759
+# MD5 Fingerprint: bf:5b:eb:54:40:cd:48:71:c4:20:8d:7d:de:0a:42:f2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA CYBER Root CA"
+# Serial: 85076849864375384482682434040119489222
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 0b:33:a0:97:52:95:d4:a9:fd:bb:db:6e:a3:55:5b:51
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign Root CA14 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign Root CA14 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "SecureSign Root CA14"
+# Serial: 575790784512929437950770173562378038616896959179
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign Root CA15 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign Root CA15 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "SecureSign Root CA15"
+# Serial: 126083514594751269499665114766174399806381178503
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023"
+# Serial: 153168538924886464690566649552453098598
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA"
+# Serial: 310892014698942880364840003424242768478804666567
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 09:48:04:77:d2:fc:65:93:71:66:b1:11:95:4f:06:8c
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b5:ec:39:f3:a1:66:37:ae:c3:05:94:57:e2:be:11:be:b7:a1:7f:36
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c0:07:6b:9e:f0:53:1f:b1:a6:56:d6:7c:4e:be:97:cd:5d:ba:a4:1e:f4:45:98:ac:c2:48:98:78:c9:2d:87:11
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA"
+# Serial: 160405846464868906657516898462547310235378010780
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3b:9e:c3:86:0f:34:3c:6b:c5:46:c4:8e:1d:e7:19:12
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a5:46:50:c5:62:ea:95:9a:1a:a7:04:6f:17:58:c7:29:53:3d:03:fa
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 06:c0:8d:7d:af:d8:76:97:1e:b1:12:4f:e6:7f:84:7e:c0:c7:a1:58:d3:ea:53:cb:e9:40:e2:ea:97:91:f4:c3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023"
+# Serial: 139766439402180512324132425437959641711
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 96:b4:78:09:f0:09:cb:77:eb:bb:1b:4d:6f:36:bc:b6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a5:5b:d8:47:6c:8f:19:f7:4c:f4:6d:6b:b6:c2:79:82:22:df:54:8b
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8e:82:21:b2:e7:d4:00:78:36:a1:67:2f:0d:cc:29:9c:33:bc:07:d3:16:f1:32:fa:1a:20:6d:58:71:50:f1:ce
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1"
+# Serial: 388078645722908516278762308316089881486363258315
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:2e:e4:19:76:81:85:ba:8e:91:58:f1:15:ef:72:39
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 81:34:0a:be:4c:cd:ce:cc:e7:7d:cc:8a:d4:57:e2:45:a0:77:5d:ce
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 19:31:44:f4:31:e0:fd:db:74:07:17:d4:de:92:6a:57:11:33:88:4b:43:60:d3:0e:27:29:13:cb:e6:60:ce:41
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE Server Root ECC G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Subject: CN=OISTE Server Root ECC G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Label: "OISTE Server Root ECC G1"
+# Serial: 47819833811561661340092227008453318557
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 42:a7:d2:35:ae:02:92:db:19:76:08:de:2f:05:b4:d4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 3b:f6:8b:09:ae:2a:92:7b:ba:e3:8d:3f:11:95:d9:e6:44:0c:45:e2
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ee:c9:97:c0:c3:0f:21:6f:7e:3b:8b:30:7d:2b:ae:42:41:2d:75:3f:c8:21:9d:af:d1:52:0b:25:72:85:0f:49
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE Server Root RSA G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Subject: CN=OISTE Server Root RSA G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Label: "OISTE Server Root RSA G1"
+# Serial: 113845518112613905024960613408179309848
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 23:a7:9e:d4:70:b8:b9:14:57:41:8a:7e:44:59:e2:68
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023"
+# Serial: 71934828665710877219916191754
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/core.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c9661c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+import atexit
+
+def exit_cacert_ctx() -> None:
+    _CACERT_CTX.__exit__(None, None, None)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21d7a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: click
+Version: 8.4.1
+Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Requires-Dist: colorama; platform_system == 'Windows'
+Project-URL: Changes, https://click.palletsprojects.com/page/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/click/
+
+<div align="center"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pallets/click/refs/heads/stable/docs/_static/click-name.svg" alt="" height="150"></div>
+
+# Click
+
+Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
+in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
+Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
+sensible defaults out of the box.
+
+It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
+while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
+implement an intended CLI API.
+
+Click in three points:
+
+-   Arbitrary nesting of commands
+-   Automatic help page generation
+-   Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+import click
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
+@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name", help="The person to greet.")
+def hello(count, name):
+    """Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
+    for _ in range(count):
+        click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    hello()
+```
+
+```
+$ python hello.py --count=3
+Your name: Click
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
+packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
+allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please
+donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
+## Contributing
+
+See our [detailed contributing documentation][contrib] for many ways to
+contribute, including reporting issues, requesting features, asking or answering
+questions, and making PRs.
+
+[contrib]: https://palletsprojects.com/contributing/
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..235d116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=uWALc7Y-Ixjj35al3B2qNsyXk-0tf578YgIsL1Vbn98,2621
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt,sha256=morRBqOU6FO_4h9C9OctWSgZoigF2ZG18ydQKSkrZY0,1475
+click/__init__.py,sha256=FId2fXCSJB3yeWD-e2uON-mBhFa2Yc9MvXGmHu8OXG0,4634
+click/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_termui_impl.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_textwrap.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_winconsole.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/decorators.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/formatting.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/globals.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/parser.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/shell_completion.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+click/__pycache__/testing.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/types.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/_compat.py,sha256=XK1woqBSPRb1KNAwWwVsSMfEm8ZlfDwBCjceWzSGmEY,18910
+click/_termui_impl.py,sha256=VNyWY27pm0JUq12WK__pJNYxeUoDyfNwYEgE6vz_cnM,30411
+click/_textwrap.py,sha256=7Z0N7Vmn-66TNSTUwp6OXJbcUXRmYET9h9c2ucD8oQQ,6270
+click/_utils.py,sha256=eCZCtwJtsYD5QYkkNWJ8MY_8ABIjy8MczgMMyVY32rQ,996
+click/_winconsole.py,sha256=KSxfNbMlYRa6GOJuCLgsg2Pb3dVkgJNPqLJPae-Pa10,8543
+click/core.py,sha256=CQaJ0ALw4zyyVp6E7gP6a_G88eiuXE9mBzFnIJQ-igY,137917
+click/decorators.py,sha256=xgR8vZAClhWVkzitP22k6jETFRhKralh81zvA69Csd0,18467
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+click/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+click/shell_completion.py,sha256=QxeFb3RapNSP8ZwvK2BDVI2jrEKS1RbJaeuFMrHJAnU,21748
+click/termui.py,sha256=hflZ_tK7P4WUv_ef_RVVRL7n0nRPhTD0wN0pkHE7hDo,33000
+click/testing.py,sha256=0k_v5By_5ZO2McjBT7lTqQ57W8QJuW0_5Sx7d2ZLKec,25717
+click/types.py,sha256=UiVEx0yoQtrWO2wH22NgME4LfDxMNQi8j1qtJupYIpw,42783
+click/utils.py,sha256=YsTNrChEfwDXl39CTC_yWnQ-ZVkZxYjFESRCfEgClY4,20386
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b9936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d12a849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2014 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64be7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""
+Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
+writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
+around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
+composable.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from .core import Argument as Argument
+from .core import Command as Command
+from .core import CommandCollection as CommandCollection
+from .core import Context as Context
+from .core import Group as Group
+from .core import Option as Option
+from .core import Parameter as Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource as ParameterSource
+from .decorators import argument as argument
+from .decorators import command as command
+from .decorators import confirmation_option as confirmation_option
+from .decorators import group as group
+from .decorators import help_option as help_option
+from .decorators import make_pass_decorator as make_pass_decorator
+from .decorators import option as option
+from .decorators import pass_context as pass_context
+from .decorators import pass_obj as pass_obj
+from .decorators import password_option as password_option
+from .decorators import version_option as version_option
+from .exceptions import Abort as Abort
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage as BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage as BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import BadParameter as BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException as ClickException
+from .exceptions import FileError as FileError
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter as MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoSuchCommand as NoSuchCommand
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption as NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter as HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import wrap_text as wrap_text
+from .globals import get_current_context as get_current_context
+from .termui import clear as clear
+from .termui import confirm as confirm
+from .termui import echo_via_pager as echo_via_pager
+from .termui import edit as edit
+from .termui import get_pager_file as get_pager_file
+from .termui import getchar as getchar
+from .termui import launch as launch
+from .termui import pause as pause
+from .termui import progressbar as progressbar
+from .termui import prompt as prompt
+from .termui import secho as secho
+from .termui import style as style
+from .termui import unstyle as unstyle
+from .types import BOOL as BOOL
+from .types import Choice as Choice
+from .types import DateTime as DateTime
+from .types import File as File
+from .types import FLOAT as FLOAT
+from .types import FloatRange as FloatRange
+from .types import INT as INT
+from .types import IntRange as IntRange
+from .types import ParamType as ParamType
+from .types import Path as Path
+from .types import STRING as STRING
+from .types import Tuple as Tuple
+from .types import UNPROCESSED as UNPROCESSED
+from .types import UUID as UUID
+from .utils import echo as echo
+from .utils import format_filename as format_filename
+from .utils import get_app_dir as get_app_dir
+from .utils import get_binary_stream as get_binary_stream
+from .utils import get_text_stream as get_text_stream
+from .utils import open_file as open_file
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "BaseCommand":
+        from .core import _BaseCommand
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'BaseCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Command' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _BaseCommand
+
+    if name == "MultiCommand":
+        from .core import _MultiCommand
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'MultiCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Group' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _MultiCommand
+
+    if name == "OptionParser":
+        from .parser import _OptionParser
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OptionParser' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. The"
+            " old parser is available in 'optparse'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _OptionParser
+
+    if name == "__version__":
+        import importlib.metadata
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The '__version__' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " Click 9.1. Use feature detection or"
+            " 'importlib.metadata.version(\"click\")' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return importlib.metadata.version("click")
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith("cygwin")
+WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+MAC = sys.platform == "darwin"
+auto_wrap_for_ansi: t.Callable[[t.TextIO], t.TextIO] | None = None
+_ansi_re = re.compile(r"\033\[[;?0-9]*[a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+def _make_text_stream(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO,
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if encoding is None:
+        encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+    return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        stream,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        line_buffering=True,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def is_ascii_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
+    try:
+        return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == "ascii"
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+
+
+def get_best_encoding(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
+    rv = getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
+    if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
+        return "utf-8"
+    return rv
+
+
+class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        encoding: str | None,
+        errors: str | None,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream = t.cast(
+            t.BinaryIO, _FixupStream(stream, force_readable, force_writable)
+        )
+        super().__init__(stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.detach()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
+        return self._stream.isatty()
+
+
+class _FixupStream:
+    """The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
+    traditionally implement.  As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
+    some circumstances.
+
+    The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools
+    put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version
+    of jupyter notebook).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._force_readable = force_readable
+        self._force_writable = force_writable
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._stream, name)
+
+    def read1(self, size: int) -> bytes:
+        f = getattr(self._stream, "read1", None)
+
+        if f is not None:
+            return t.cast(bytes, f(size))
+
+        return self._stream.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_readable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "readable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.read(0)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_writable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "writable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(b"")
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                self._stream.write(b"")
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "seekable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+def _is_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
+    except Exception:
+        return default
+        # This happens in some cases where the stream was already
+        # closed.  In this case, we assume the default.
+
+
+def _is_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        stream.write(b"")
+    except Exception:
+        try:
+            stream.write("")
+            return False
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return default
+    return True
+
+
+def _find_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.BinaryIO | None:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _find_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.BinaryIO | None:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    """A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
+    # If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
+    # to ASCII.  This appears to happen in certain unittest
+    # environments.  It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
+    # but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
+    return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or "ascii")
+
+
+def _is_compat_stream_attr(stream: t.TextIO, attr: str, value: str | None) -> bool:
+    """A stream attribute is compatible if it is equal to the
+    desired value or the desired value is unset and the attribute
+    has a value.
+    """
+    stream_value = getattr(stream, attr, None)
+    return stream_value == value or (value is None and stream_value is not None)
+
+
+def _is_compatible_text_stream(
+    stream: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if a stream's encoding and errors attributes are
+    compatible with the desired values.
+    """
+    return _is_compat_stream_attr(
+        stream, "encoding", encoding
+    ) and _is_compat_stream_attr(stream, "errors", errors)
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_stream(
+    text_stream: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    is_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any], bool], bool],
+    find_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any]], t.BinaryIO | None],
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if is_binary(text_stream, False):
+        binary_reader = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, text_stream)
+    else:
+        text_stream = t.cast(t.TextIO, text_stream)
+        # If the stream looks compatible, and won't default to a
+        # misconfigured ascii encoding, return it as-is.
+        if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_stream, encoding, errors) and not (
+            encoding is None and _stream_is_misconfigured(text_stream)
+        ):
+            return text_stream
+
+        # Otherwise, get the underlying binary reader.
+        possible_binary_reader = find_binary(text_stream)
+
+        # If that's not possible, silently use the original reader
+        # and get mojibake instead of exceptions.
+        if possible_binary_reader is None:
+            return text_stream
+
+        binary_reader = possible_binary_reader
+
+    # Default errors to replace instead of strict in order to get
+    # something that works.
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+
+    # Wrap the binary stream in a text stream with the correct
+    # encoding parameters.
+    return _make_text_stream(
+        binary_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_reader(
+    text_reader: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_reader,
+        _find_binary_reader,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_writer(
+    text_writer: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_writer,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_writer,
+        _find_binary_writer,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def get_binary_stdin() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
+    if reader is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdin.")
+    return reader
+
+
+def get_binary_stdout() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdout.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_binary_stderr() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stderr.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_text_stdin(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, force_readable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stdout(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stderr(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def _wrap_io_open(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str,
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Handles not passing ``encoding`` and ``errors`` in binary mode."""
+    if "b" in mode:
+        return open(file, mode)
+
+    return open(file, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+
+
+def open_stream(
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[t.IO[t.Any], bool]:
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    # Standard streams first. These are simple because they ignore the
+    # atomic flag. Use fsdecode to handle Path("-").
+    if os.fsdecode(filename) == "-":
+        if any(m in mode for m in ["w", "a", "x"]):
+            if binary:
+                return get_binary_stdout(), False
+            return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+        if binary:
+            return get_binary_stdin(), False
+        return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+
+    # Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
+    if not atomic:
+        return _wrap_io_open(filename, mode, encoding, errors), True
+
+    # Some usability stuff for atomic writes
+    if "a" in mode:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that"
+            " would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary"
+            " file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly"
+            " if that's what you're after."
+        )
+    if "x" in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.")
+    if "w" not in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.")
+
+    # Atomic writes are more complicated.  They work by opening a file
+    # as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
+    # functionality to wrap it in a Python file.  Then we wrap it in an
+    # atomic file that moves the file over on close.
+    import errno
+    import random
+
+    try:
+        perm: int | None = os.stat(filename).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        perm = None
+
+    flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    if binary:
+        flags |= getattr(os, "O_BINARY", 0)
+
+    while True:
+        tmp_filename = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(filename),
+            f".__atomic-write{random.randrange(1 << 32):08x}",
+        )
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(tmp_filename, flags, 0o666 if perm is None else perm)
+            break
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno == errno.EEXIST or (
+                os.name == "nt"
+                and e.errno == errno.EACCES
+                and os.path.isdir(e.filename)
+                and os.access(e.filename, os.W_OK)
+            ):
+                continue
+            raise
+
+    if perm is not None:
+        os.chmod(tmp_filename, perm)  # in case perm includes bits in umask
+
+    f = _wrap_io_open(fd, mode, encoding, errors)
+    af = _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename))
+    return t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], af), True
+
+
+class _AtomicFile:
+    def __init__(self, f: t.IO[t.Any], tmp_filename: str, real_filename: str) -> None:
+        self._f = f
+        self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
+        self._real_filename = real_filename
+        self.closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._real_filename
+
+    def close(self, delete: bool = False) -> None:
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self._f.close()
+        os.replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._f, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _AtomicFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._f)
+
+
+def strip_ansi(value: str) -> str:
+    return _ansi_re.sub("", value)
+
+
+def _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    while isinstance(stream, (_FixupStream, _NonClosingTextIOWrapper)):
+        stream = stream._stream
+
+    return stream.__class__.__module__.startswith("ipykernel.")
+
+
+def should_strip_ansi(
+    stream: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None, color: bool | None = None
+) -> bool:
+    if color is None:
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = sys.stdin
+        elif hasattr(stream, "color"):
+            # ._termui_impl.MaybeStripAnsi handles stripping ansi itself,
+            # so we don't need to strip it here
+            return False
+        return not isatty(stream) and not _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream)
+    return not color
+
+
+# On Windows, wrap the output streams with colorama to support ANSI
+# color codes.
+# NOTE: double check is needed so mypy does not analyze this on Linux
+if sys.platform.startswith("win") and WIN:
+    from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        import locale
+
+        return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+    _ansi_stream_wrappers: cabc.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream: t.TextIO, color: bool | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+        """Support ANSI color and style codes on Windows by wrapping a
+        stream with colorama.
+        """
+        try:
+            cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            cached = None
+
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+
+        import colorama
+
+        strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
+        ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
+        rv = t.cast(t.TextIO, ansi_wrapper.stream)
+        _write = rv.write
+
+        def _safe_write(s: str) -> int:
+            try:
+                return _write(s)
+            except BaseException:
+                ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
+                raise
+
+        rv.write = _safe_write  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+        try:
+            _ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        return rv
+
+else:
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        return getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", None) or sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+
+    def _get_windows_console_stream(
+        f: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+    ) -> t.TextIO | None:
+        return None
+
+
+def term_len(x: str) -> int:
+    return len(strip_ansi(x))
+
+
+def isatty(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return stream.isatty()
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def _make_cached_stream_func(
+    src_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO | None],
+    wrapper_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO],
+) -> t.Callable[[], t.TextIO | None]:
+    cache: cabc.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def func() -> t.TextIO | None:
+        stream = src_func()
+
+        if stream is None:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            rv = cache.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            rv = None
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+        rv = wrapper_func()
+        try:
+            cache[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return rv
+
+    return func
+
+
+_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
+_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
+_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
+
+
+binary_streams: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[], t.BinaryIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_binary_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_binary_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_binary_stderr,
+}
+
+text_streams: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[str | None, str | None], t.TextIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_text_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_text_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_text_stderr,
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76113e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,929 @@
+"""
+This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
+import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
+placed in this module and only imported as needed.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import contextlib
+import io
+import math
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from io import StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import CYGWIN
+from ._compat import get_best_encoding
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import term_len
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .utils import echo
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+class _BufferedTextPagerStream(t.Protocol):
+    buffer: t.BinaryIO
+
+
+def _has_binary_buffer(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO,
+) -> t.TypeGuard[_BufferedTextPagerStream]:
+    # TextIO is wider than TextIOWrapper; text-only streams such as StringIO
+    # are valid TextIO values but do not expose a binary buffer to wrap.
+    return getattr(stream, "buffer", None) is not None
+
+
+if os.name == "nt":
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\n"
+else:
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
+
+
+class ProgressBar(t.Generic[V]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None,
+        length: int | None = None,
+        fill_char: str = "#",
+        empty_char: str = " ",
+        bar_template: str = "%(bar)s",
+        info_sep: str = "  ",
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_eta: bool = True,
+        show_percent: bool | None = None,
+        show_pos: bool = False,
+        item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+        label: str | None = None,
+        file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+        color: bool | None = None,
+        update_min_steps: int = 1,
+        width: int = 30,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.fill_char = fill_char
+        self.empty_char = empty_char
+        self.bar_template = bar_template
+        self.info_sep = info_sep
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.show_eta = show_eta
+        self.show_percent = show_percent
+        self.show_pos = show_pos
+        self.item_show_func = item_show_func
+        self.label: str = label or ""
+
+        if file is None:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+            # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+            # pythonw on Windows.
+            if file is None:
+                file = StringIO()
+
+        self.file = file
+        self.color = color
+        self.update_min_steps = update_min_steps
+        self._completed_intervals = 0
+        self.width: int = width
+        self.autowidth: bool = width == 0
+
+        if length is None:
+            from operator import length_hint
+
+            length = length_hint(iterable, -1)
+
+            if length == -1:
+                length = None
+        if iterable is None:
+            if length is None:
+                raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
+            iterable = t.cast("cabc.Iterable[V]", range(length))
+        self.iter: cabc.Iterable[V] = iter(iterable)
+        self.length = length
+        self.pos: int = 0
+        self.avg: list[float] = []
+        self.last_eta: float
+        self.start: float
+        self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
+        self.eta_known: bool = False
+        self.finished: bool = False
+        self.max_width: int | None = None
+        self.entered: bool = False
+        self.current_item: V | None = None
+        self._is_atty = isatty(self.file)
+        self._last_line: str | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ProgressBar[V]:
+        self.entered = True
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.render_finish()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self.generator()
+
+    def __next__(self) -> V:
+        # Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
+        # returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
+        # because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
+        # so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
+        # twice works and does "what you want".
+        return next(iter(self))
+
+    def render_finish(self) -> None:
+        if self.hidden or not self._is_atty:
+            return
+        self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
+        self.file.flush()
+
+    @property
+    def pct(self) -> float:
+        if self.finished:
+            return 1.0
+        return min(self.pos / (float(self.length or 1) or 1), 1.0)
+
+    @property
+    def time_per_iteration(self) -> float:
+        if not self.avg:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
+
+    @property
+    def eta(self) -> float:
+        if self.length is not None and not self.finished:
+            return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
+        return 0.0
+
+    def format_eta(self) -> str:
+        if self.eta_known:
+            t = int(self.eta)
+            seconds = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            minutes = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            hours = t % 24
+            t //= 24
+            if t > 0:
+                return "{d}{day_label} {h:02}:{m:02}:{s:02}".format(
+                    d=t,
+                    day_label=_("d"),
+                    h=hours,
+                    m=minutes,
+                    s=seconds,
+                )
+            else:
+                return f"{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
+        return ""
+
+    def format_pos(self) -> str:
+        pos = str(self.pos)
+        if self.length is not None:
+            pos += f"/{self.length}"
+        return pos
+
+    def format_pct(self) -> str:
+        return f"{int(self.pct * 100): 4}%"[1:]
+
+    def format_bar(self) -> str:
+        if self.length is not None:
+            bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
+            bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
+            bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
+        elif self.finished:
+            bar = self.fill_char * self.width
+        else:
+            chars = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
+            if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
+                chars[
+                    int(
+                        (math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
+                        * self.width
+                    )
+                ] = self.fill_char
+            bar = "".join(chars)
+        return bar
+
+    def format_progress_line(self) -> str:
+        show_percent = self.show_percent
+
+        info_bits = []
+        if self.length is not None and show_percent is None:
+            show_percent = not self.show_pos
+
+        if self.show_pos:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
+        if show_percent:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
+        if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
+        if self.item_show_func is not None:
+            item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
+            if item_info is not None:
+                info_bits.append(item_info)
+
+        return (
+            self.bar_template
+            % {
+                "label": self.label,
+                "bar": self.format_bar(),
+                "info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
+            }
+        ).rstrip()
+
+    def render_progress(self) -> None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return
+
+        if not self._is_atty:
+            # Only output the label once if the output is not a TTY.
+            if self._last_line != self.label:
+                self._last_line = self.label
+                echo(self.label, file=self.file, color=self.color)
+            return
+
+        buf = []
+        # Update width in case the terminal has been resized
+        if self.autowidth:
+            import shutil
+
+            old_width = self.width
+            self.width = 0
+            clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
+            new_width = max(0, shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - clutter_length)
+            if new_width < old_width and self.max_width is not None:
+                buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+                buf.append(" " * self.max_width)
+                self.max_width = new_width
+            self.width = new_width
+
+        clear_width = self.width
+        if self.max_width is not None:
+            clear_width = self.max_width
+
+        buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+        line = self.format_progress_line()
+        line_len = term_len(line)
+        if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
+            self.max_width = line_len
+
+        buf.append(line)
+        buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
+        line = "".join(buf)
+        # Render the line only if it changed.
+
+        if line != self._last_line:
+            self._last_line = line
+            echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
+            self.file.flush()
+
+    def make_step(self, n_steps: int) -> None:
+        self.pos += n_steps
+        if self.length is not None and self.pos >= self.length:
+            self.finished = True
+
+        if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
+            return
+
+        self.last_eta = time.time()
+
+        # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
+        # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
+        # self.length.
+        if self.pos:
+            step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
+        else:
+            step = time.time() - self.start
+
+        self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
+
+        self.eta_known = self.length is not None
+
+    def update(self, n_steps: int, current_item: V | None = None) -> None:
+        """Update the progress bar by advancing a specified number of
+        steps, and optionally set the ``current_item`` for this new
+        position.
+
+        :param n_steps: Number of steps to advance.
+        :param current_item: Optional item to set as ``current_item``
+            for the updated position.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``current_item`` optional parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Only render when the number of steps meets the
+            ``update_min_steps`` threshold.
+        """
+        if current_item is not None:
+            self.current_item = current_item
+
+        self._completed_intervals += n_steps
+
+        if self._completed_intervals >= self.update_min_steps:
+            self.make_step(self._completed_intervals)
+            self.render_progress()
+            self._completed_intervals = 0
+
+    def finish(self) -> None:
+        self.eta_known = False
+        self.current_item = None
+        self.finished = True
+
+    def generator(self) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+        """Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
+        during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
+        yielded block returns.
+        """
+        # WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
+        # this and only works because this is a simple generator which
+        # doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
+        # changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
+        # `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
+        # `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
+        # order for that interface to work.
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+
+        if not self._is_atty:
+            yield from self.iter
+        else:
+            for rv in self.iter:
+                self.current_item = rv
+
+                # This allows show_item_func to be updated before the
+                # item is processed. Only trigger at the beginning of
+                # the update interval.
+                if self._completed_intervals == 0:
+                    self.render_progress()
+
+                yield rv
+                self.update(1)
+
+            self.finish()
+            self.render_progress()
+
+
+class MaybeStripAnsi(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[bytes], *, color: bool, **kwargs: t.Any):
+        super().__init__(stream, **kwargs)
+        self.color = color
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        if not self.color:
+            text = strip_ansi(text)
+        return super().write(text)
+
+
+def _pager_contextmanager(
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> t.ContextManager[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
+    stdout = _default_text_stdout()
+
+    # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+    # pythonw on Windows.
+    if stdout is None:
+        stdout = StringIO()
+
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, color)
+
+    # Split using POSIX mode (the default) so that quote characters are
+    # stripped from tokens and quoted Windows paths are preserved.
+    # Non-POSIX mode retains quotes in tokens, and wrapping tokens
+    # with shlex.quote re-introduces quoting issues on Windows.
+    pager_cmd_parts = shlex.split(os.environ.get("PAGER", ""))
+    if pager_cmd_parts:
+        if WIN:
+            return _tempfilepager(pager_cmd_parts, color)
+        return _pipepager(pager_cmd_parts, color)
+
+    if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, color)
+    if WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2"):
+        return _tempfilepager(["more"], color)
+    return _pipepager(["less"], color)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def get_pager_file(color: bool | None = None) -> t.Generator[t.TextIO, None, None]:
+    """Context manager.
+    Yields a writable file-like object which can be used as an output pager.
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    with _pager_contextmanager(color=color) as (stream, encoding, color):
+        # Split streams by capabilities rather than the abstract TextIO /
+        # BinaryIO annotations: buffered text streams can be unwrapped to bytes,
+        # while text-only streams are yielded as-is.
+        if _has_binary_buffer(stream):
+            # Text stream backed by a binary buffer.
+            stream = MaybeStripAnsi(stream.buffer, color=color, encoding=encoding)
+        elif isinstance(stream, t.BinaryIO):
+            # Binary stream
+            stream = MaybeStripAnsi(stream, color=color, encoding=encoding)
+        try:
+            yield stream
+        finally:
+            stream.flush()
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pipepager(
+    cmd_parts: list[str], color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Page through text by feeding it to another program.
+
+    Invokes the pager via :class:`subprocess.Popen` with an ``argv`` list
+    produced by :func:`shlex.split`. The command is resolved to an absolute
+    path with :func:`shutil.which` as recommended by the
+    :mod:`subprocess` docs for Windows compatibility.
+
+    Invoking a pager through this might support colors: if piping to
+    ``less`` and the user hasn't decided on colors, ``LESS=-R`` is set
+    automatically.
+    """
+    # Split the command into the invoked CLI and its parameters.
+    if not cmd_parts:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    import shutil
+
+    cmd = cmd_parts[0]
+    cmd_params = cmd_parts[1:]
+
+    cmd_filepath = shutil.which(cmd)
+    if not cmd_filepath:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    # Produces a normalized absolute path string.
+    # multi-call binaries such as busybox derive their identity from the symlink
+    # less -> busybox. resolve() causes them to misbehave. (eg. less becomes busybox)
+    cmd_path = Path(cmd_filepath).absolute()
+    cmd_name = cmd_path.name
+
+    import subprocess
+
+    # Make a local copy of the environment to not affect the global one.
+    env = dict(os.environ)
+
+    # If we're piping to less and the user hasn't decided on colors, we enable
+    # them by default we find the -R flag in the command line arguments.
+    if color is None and cmd_name == "less":
+        less_flags = f"{os.environ.get('LESS', '')}{' '.join(cmd_params)}"
+        if not less_flags:
+            env["LESS"] = "-R"
+            color = True
+        elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
+            color = True
+
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+
+    c = subprocess.Popen(
+        [str(cmd_path)] + cmd_params,
+        shell=False,
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        env=env,
+        errors="replace",
+        text=True,
+    )
+    stdin = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, c.stdin)
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(stdin)
+    try:
+        yield stdin, encoding, color
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # In case the pager exited unexpectedly, ignore the broken pipe error.
+        pass
+    except Exception as e:
+        # In case there is an exception we want to close the pager immediately
+        # and let the caller handle it.
+        # Otherwise the pager will keep running, and the user may not notice
+        # the error message, or worse yet it may leave the terminal in a broken state.
+        c.terminate()
+        raise e
+    finally:
+        # We must close stdin and wait for the pager to exit before we continue
+        try:
+            stdin.close()
+        # Close implies flush, so it might throw a BrokenPipeError if the pager
+        # process exited already.
+        except BrokenPipeError:
+            pass
+
+        # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
+        # search or other commands inside less).
+        #
+        # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
+        # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
+        #
+        # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
+        # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
+        while True:
+            try:
+                c.wait()
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                pass
+            else:
+                break
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _tempfilepager(
+    cmd_parts: list[str], color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file.
+
+    Used as the primary pager strategy on Windows (where piping to
+    ``more`` adds spurious ``\\r\\n``), and as a fallback on other
+    platforms. The command is resolved to an absolute path with
+    :func:`shutil.which`.
+    """
+    # Split the command into the invoked CLI and its parameters.
+    if not cmd_parts:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    import shutil
+    import subprocess
+
+    cmd = cmd_parts[0]
+
+    cmd_filepath = shutil.which(cmd)
+    if not cmd_filepath:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    # Produces a normalized absolute path string.
+    # multi-call binaries such as busybox derive their identity from the symlink
+    # less -> busybox. resolve() causes them to misbehave. (eg. less becomes busybox)
+    cmd_path = Path(cmd_filepath).absolute()
+
+    import tempfile
+
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+    # On Windows, NamedTemporaryFile cannot be opened by another process
+    # while Python still has it open, so we use delete=False and clean up manually
+    # rather than using a contextmanager here.
+    f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="wb", delete=False)
+    try:
+        yield t.cast(t.BinaryIO, f), encoding, color
+        f.flush()
+        f.close()
+        subprocess.call([str(cmd_path), f.name])
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(f.name)
+
+
+class _SkipClose:
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.stream, name)
+
+    @property
+    def buffer(self) -> t.BinaryIO:
+        return _SkipClose(self.stream.buffer)  # type: ignore[attr-defined, return-value]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _nullpager(
+    stream: t.TextIO, color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback. Don't close the
+    output stream in this case, since it's coming from elsewhere rather than our
+    internal helpers.
+    """
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+
+    yield _SkipClose(stream), encoding, color  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class Editor:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        editor: str | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        require_save: bool = True,
+        extension: str = ".txt",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.editor = editor
+        self.env = env
+        self.require_save = require_save
+        self.extension = extension
+
+    def get_editor(self) -> str:
+        if self.editor is not None:
+            return self.editor
+        for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
+            rv = os.environ.get(key)
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        if WIN:
+            return "notepad"
+
+        from shutil import which
+
+        for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
+            if which(editor) is not None:
+                return editor
+        return "vi"
+
+    def edit_files(self, filenames: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        """Open files in the user's editor."""
+        import shlex
+        import subprocess
+
+        editor = self.get_editor()
+        environ: dict[str, str] | None = None
+
+        if self.env:
+            environ = os.environ.copy()
+            environ.update(self.env)
+
+        try:
+            # Split in POSIX mode (the default) for the same reasons as
+            # in pager(): strips quotes from tokens and preserves quoted
+            # Windows paths.
+            c = subprocess.Popen(
+                args=shlex.split(editor) + list(filenames),
+                env=environ,
+            )
+            exit_code = c.wait()
+            if exit_code != 0:
+                raise ClickException(
+                    _("{editor}: Editing failed").format(editor=editor)
+                )
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise ClickException(
+                _("{editor}: Editing failed: {e}").format(editor=editor, e=e)
+            ) from e
+
+    @t.overload
+    def edit(self, text: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes | None: ...
+
+    # We cannot know whether or not the type expected is str or bytes when None
+    # is passed, so str is returned as that was what was done before.
+    @t.overload
+    def edit(self, text: str | None) -> str | None: ...
+
+    def edit(self, text: str | bytes | bytearray | None) -> str | bytes | None:
+        import tempfile
+
+        if text is None:
+            data: bytes | bytearray = b""
+        elif isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            data = text
+        else:
+            if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
+                text += "\n"
+
+            if WIN:
+                data = text.replace("\n", "\r\n").encode("utf-8-sig")
+            else:
+                data = text.encode("utf-8")
+
+        fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
+        f: t.BinaryIO
+
+        try:
+            with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            # If the filesystem resolution is 1 second, like Mac OS
+            # 10.12 Extended, or 2 seconds, like FAT32, and the editor
+            # closes very fast, require_save can fail. Set the modified
+            # time to be 2 seconds in the past to work around this.
+            os.utime(name, (os.path.getatime(name), os.path.getmtime(name) - 2))
+            # Depending on the resolution, the exact value might not be
+            # recorded, so get the new recorded value.
+            timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
+
+            self.edit_files((name,))
+
+            if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
+                return None
+
+            with open(name, "rb") as f:
+                rv = f.read()
+
+            if isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                return rv
+
+            return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n")
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(name)
+
+
+def open_url(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    import subprocess
+
+    def _unquote_file(url: str) -> str:
+        from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+        if url.startswith("file://"):
+            url = unquote(url[7:])
+
+        return url
+
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        args = ["open"]
+        if wait:
+            args.append("-W")
+        if locate:
+            args.append("-R")
+        args.append(_unquote_file(url))
+        null = open("/dev/null", "w")
+        try:
+            return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
+        finally:
+            null.close()
+    elif WIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["explorer", "/select,", url]
+            try:
+                return subprocess.call(args)
+            except OSError:
+                return 127
+        else:
+            try:
+                os.startfile(url)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            except OSError:
+                return 127
+            return 0
+    elif CYGWIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["cygstart", os.path.dirname(url)]
+        else:
+            args = ["cygstart"]
+            if wait:
+                args.append("-w")
+            args.append(url)
+        try:
+            return subprocess.call(args)
+        except OSError:
+            # Command not found
+            return 127
+
+    try:
+        if locate:
+            url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
+        else:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+        c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
+        if wait:
+            return c.wait()
+        return 0
+    except OSError:
+        if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
+            import webbrowser
+
+            webbrowser.open(url)
+            return 0
+        return 1
+
+
+def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch: str) -> None:
+    if ch == "\x03":
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    if ch == "\x04" and not WIN:  # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
+        raise EOFError()
+
+    if ch == "\x1a" and WIN:  # Windows, Ctrl+Z
+        raise EOFError()
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    import msvcrt
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> cabc.Iterator[int]:
+        yield -1
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
+        # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
+        # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
+        #
+        # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
+        # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
+        #
+        # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
+        # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
+        # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
+        # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
+        # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
+        # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
+        # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
+        # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
+        # "a with grave" and then "capital H".
+        #
+        # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
+        # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
+        # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
+        # character is typed.
+        # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
+        # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
+        # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
+        # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
+        # limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
+        #
+        # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
+        # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
+
+        if echo:
+            func = t.cast(t.Callable[[], str], msvcrt.getwche)
+        else:
+            func = t.cast(t.Callable[[], str], msvcrt.getwch)
+
+        rv = func()
+
+        if rv in ("\x00", "\xe0"):
+            # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
+            # see above.
+            rv += func()
+
+        _translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
+        return rv
+
+else:
+    import termios
+    import tty
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> cabc.Iterator[int]:
+        f: t.TextIO | None
+        fd: int
+
+        if not isatty(sys.stdin):
+            f = open("/dev/tty")
+            fd = f.fileno()
+        else:
+            fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+            f = None
+
+        try:
+            old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+
+            try:
+                tty.setraw(fd)
+                yield fd
+            finally:
+                termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+
+                if f is not None:
+                    f.close()
+        except termios.error:
+            pass
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        with raw_terminal() as fd:
+            ch = os.read(fd, 32).decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
+
+            if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
+                sys.stdout.write(ch)
+
+            _translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
+            return ch
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82840f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._compat import _ansi_re
+from ._compat import term_len
+
+
+def _truncate_visible(text: str, n: int) -> str:
+    """Return the longest prefix of ``text`` containing at most ``n`` visible
+    characters.
+
+    ANSI escape sequences inside the prefix are kept intact and do not count
+    toward the visible width. A cut is never placed inside an escape sequence.
+    """
+    if n <= 0:
+        return ""
+
+    visible = 0
+    i = 0
+    cut = 0
+    end = len(text)
+    while i < end:
+        m = _ansi_re.match(text, i)
+        if m is not None:
+            i = m.end()
+            continue
+        visible += 1
+        i += 1
+        cut = i
+        if visible >= n:
+            break
+    return text[:cut]
+
+
+class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
+    """``textwrap.TextWrapper`` variant that measures widths by visible
+    character count.
+
+    ANSI escape sequences embedded in chunks, indents, or the placeholder are
+    excluded from the width budget. Without this, styled help text (a styled
+    ``Usage:`` prefix, a colorized option name, ...) would be wrapped earlier
+    than its visible length warrants and tokens would split mid-word.
+    """
+
+    def _handle_long_word(
+        self,
+        reversed_chunks: list[str],
+        cur_line: list[str],
+        cur_len: int,
+        width: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
+
+        if self.break_long_words:
+            last = reversed_chunks[-1]
+            cut = _truncate_visible(last, space_left)
+            res = last[len(cut) :]
+            cur_line.append(cut)
+            reversed_chunks[-1] = res
+        elif not cur_line:
+            cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
+
+    def _wrap_chunks(self, chunks: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        """Wrap chunks counting widths in visible characters.
+
+        Mirrors the algorithm of :meth:`textwrap.TextWrapper._wrap_chunks`
+        with every width measurement routed through
+        :func:`click._compat.term_len` instead of :func:`len`, so ANSI escape
+        bytes in chunks, indents, or the placeholder do not inflate the count.
+
+        .. seealso::
+            :class:`textwrap.TextWrapper` in the Python standard library documentation:
+            https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html#textwrap.TextWrapper
+
+            Reference implementation in CPython:
+            https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/textwrap.py
+        """
+        lines: list[str] = []
+        if self.width <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid width {self.width!r} (must be > 0)")
+        if self.max_lines is not None:
+            if self.max_lines > 1:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+            if term_len(indent) + term_len(self.placeholder.lstrip()) > self.width:
+                raise ValueError("placeholder too large for max width")
+
+        chunks.reverse()
+
+        while chunks:
+            cur_line: list[str] = []
+            cur_len = 0
+
+            if lines:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            width = self.width - term_len(indent)
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and chunks[-1].strip() == "" and lines:
+                del chunks[-1]
+
+            while chunks:
+                n = term_len(chunks[-1])
+
+                if cur_len + n <= width:
+                    cur_line.append(chunks.pop())
+                    cur_len += n
+
+                else:
+                    break
+
+            if chunks and term_len(chunks[-1]) > width:
+                self._handle_long_word(chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width)
+                cur_len = sum(map(term_len, cur_line))
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and cur_line and cur_line[-1].strip() == "":
+                cur_len -= term_len(cur_line[-1])
+                del cur_line[-1]
+
+            if cur_line:
+                if (
+                    self.max_lines is None
+                    or len(lines) + 1 < self.max_lines
+                    or (
+                        not chunks
+                        or self.drop_whitespace
+                        and len(chunks) == 1
+                        and not chunks[0].strip()
+                    )
+                    and cur_len <= width
+                ):
+                    lines.append(indent + "".join(cur_line))
+                else:
+                    while cur_line:
+                        if (
+                            cur_line[-1].strip()
+                            and cur_len + term_len(self.placeholder) <= width
+                        ):
+                            cur_line.append(self.placeholder)
+                            lines.append(indent + "".join(cur_line))
+                            break
+                        cur_len -= term_len(cur_line[-1])
+                        del cur_line[-1]
+                    else:
+                        if lines:
+                            prev_line = lines[-1].rstrip()
+                            if (
+                                term_len(prev_line) + term_len(self.placeholder)
+                                <= self.width
+                            ):
+                                lines[-1] = prev_line + self.placeholder
+                                break
+                        lines.append(indent + self.placeholder.lstrip())
+                    break
+
+        return lines
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def extra_indent(self, indent: str) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
+        old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
+        self.initial_indent += indent
+        self.subsequent_indent += indent
+
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
+            self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
+
+    def indent_only(self, text: str) -> str:
+        rv = []
+
+        for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
+            indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            if idx > 0:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+
+            rv.append(f"{indent}{line}")
+
+        return "\n".join(rv)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05ee2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import typing as t
+
+
+class Sentinel(enum.Enum):
+    """Enum used to define sentinel values.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        `PEP 661 - Sentinel Values <https://peps.python.org/pep-0661/>`_.
+    """
+
+    UNSET = object()
+    FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE = object()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{self.name}"
+
+
+UNSET: t.Literal[Sentinel.UNSET] = Sentinel.UNSET
+"""Sentinel used to indicate that a value is not set."""
+
+FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE: t.Literal[Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE] = Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+"""Sentinel used to indicate an option was passed as a flag without a
+value but is not a flag option.
+
+``Option.consume_value`` uses this to prompt or use the ``flag_value``.
+"""
+
+T_UNSET: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal[Sentinel.UNSET]
+"""Type hint for the :data:`UNSET` sentinel value."""
+
+T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal[Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE]
+"""Type hint for the :data:`FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE` sentinel value."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d25178d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
+# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
+# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
+#
+# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
+# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
+# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
+# echo and prompt.
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import io
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from ctypes import Array
+from ctypes import byref
+from ctypes import c_char
+from ctypes import c_char_p
+from ctypes import c_int
+from ctypes import c_ssize_t
+from ctypes import c_ulong
+from ctypes import c_void_p
+from ctypes import POINTER
+from ctypes import py_object
+from ctypes import Structure
+from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD
+from ctypes.wintypes import HANDLE
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper
+
+assert sys.platform == "win32"
+import msvcrt  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import windll  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import WINFUNCTYPE  # noqa: E402
+
+c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
+
+kernel32 = windll.kernel32
+GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
+ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
+WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
+GetConsoleMode = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
+GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(("GetCommandLineW", windll.kernel32))
+CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
+    ("CommandLineToArgvW", windll.shell32)
+)
+LocalFree = WINFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p)(("LocalFree", windll.kernel32))
+
+STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
+STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
+STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
+
+PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
+PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
+
+ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
+ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
+
+STDIN_FILENO = 0
+STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+EOF = b"\x1a"
+MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    try:
+        # Using `typing_extensions.Buffer` instead of `collections.abc`
+        # on Windows for some reason does not have `Sized` implemented.
+        from collections.abc import Buffer  # type: ignore
+    except ImportError:
+        from typing_extensions import Buffer
+
+try:
+    from ctypes import pythonapi
+except ImportError:
+    # On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
+    # severely limited.
+    get_buffer = None
+else:
+
+    class Py_buffer(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [  # noqa: RUF012
+            ("buf", c_void_p),
+            ("obj", py_object),
+            ("len", c_ssize_t),
+            ("itemsize", c_ssize_t),
+            ("readonly", c_int),
+            ("ndim", c_int),
+            ("format", c_char_p),
+            ("shape", c_ssize_p),
+            ("strides", c_ssize_p),
+            ("suboffsets", c_ssize_p),
+            ("internal", c_void_p),
+        ]
+
+    PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
+    PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
+
+    def get_buffer(obj: Buffer, writable: bool = False) -> Array[c_char]:
+        buf = Py_buffer()
+        flags: int = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
+
+        try:
+            buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
+            out: Array[c_char] = buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
+            return out
+        finally:
+            PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
+    def __init__(self, handle: int | None) -> None:
+        self.handle = handle
+
+    def isatty(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        super().isatty()
+        return True
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def readable(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b: Buffer) -> int:
+        bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
+        if not bytes_to_be_read:
+            return 0
+        elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot read odd number of bytes from UTF-16-LE encoded console"
+            )
+
+        buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
+        code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
+        code_units_read = c_ulong()
+
+        rv = ReadConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buffer,
+            code_units_to_be_read,
+            byref(code_units_read),
+            None,
+        )
+        if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
+            # wait for KeyboardInterrupt
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        if not rv:
+            raise OSError(_("Windows error: {error}").format(error=GetLastError()))
+
+        if buffer[0] == EOF:
+            return 0
+        return 2 * code_units_read.value
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def writable(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_error_message(errno: int) -> str:
+        if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
+            return "ERROR_SUCCESS"
+        elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+            return "ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY"
+        return _("Windows error: {error}").format(error=errno)
+
+    def write(self, b: Buffer) -> int:
+        bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
+        buf = get_buffer(b)
+        code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
+        code_units_written = c_ulong()
+
+        WriteConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buf,
+            code_units_to_be_written,
+            byref(code_units_written),
+            None,
+        )
+        bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
+
+        if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
+            raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
+        return bytes_written
+
+
+class ConsoleStream:
+    def __init__(self, text_stream: t.TextIO, byte_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._text_stream = text_stream
+        self.buffer = byte_stream
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.buffer.name
+
+    def write(self, x: t.AnyStr) -> int:
+        if isinstance(x, str):
+            return self._text_stream.write(x)
+        try:
+            self.flush()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return self.buffer.write(x)
+
+    def writelines(self, lines: cabc.Iterable[t.AnyStr]) -> None:
+        for line in lines:
+            self.write(line)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.buffer.isatty()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<ConsoleStream name={self.name!r} encoding={self.encoding!r}>"
+
+
+def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+_stream_factories: cabc.Mapping[int, t.Callable[[t.BinaryIO], t.TextIO]] = {
+    0: _get_text_stdin,
+    1: _get_text_stdout,
+    2: _get_text_stderr,
+}
+
+
+def _is_console(f: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    if not hasattr(f, "fileno"):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        fileno = f.fileno()
+    except (OSError, io.UnsupportedOperation):
+        return False
+
+    handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fileno)
+    return bool(GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(DWORD())))
+
+
+def _get_windows_console_stream(
+    f: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+) -> t.TextIO | None:
+    if (
+        get_buffer is None
+        or encoding not in {"utf-16-le", None}
+        or errors not in {"strict", None}
+        or not _is_console(f)
+    ):
+        return None
+
+    func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
+    if func is None:
+        return None
+
+    b = getattr(f, "buffer", None)
+
+    if b is None:
+        return None
+
+    return func(b)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc04f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3542 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import enum
+import errno
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from abc import ABC
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections import abc
+from collections import Counter
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+from itertools import repeat
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import types
+from ._utils import FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+from ._utils import UNSET
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .exceptions import Exit
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoArgsIsHelpError
+from .exceptions import NoSuchCommand
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import join_options
+from .globals import pop_context
+from .globals import push_context
+from .parser import _OptionParser
+from .parser import _split_opt
+from .termui import confirm
+from .termui import prompt
+from .termui import style
+from .utils import _detect_program_name
+from .utils import _expand_args
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import make_default_short_help
+from .utils import make_str
+from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound="t.Callable[..., t.Any]")
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _complete_visible_commands(
+    ctx: Context, incomplete: str
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, Command]]:
+    """List all the subcommands of a group that start with the
+    incomplete value and aren't hidden.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the group.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    multi = t.cast(Group, ctx.command)
+
+    for name in multi.list_commands(ctx):
+        if name.startswith(incomplete):
+            command = multi.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is not None and not command.hidden:
+                yield name, command
+
+
+def _check_nested_chain(
+    base_command: Group, cmd_name: str, cmd: Command, register: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    if not base_command.chain or not isinstance(cmd, Group):
+        return
+
+    if register:
+        message = (
+            f"It is not possible to add the group {cmd_name!r} to another"
+            f" group {base_command.name!r} that is in chain mode."
+        )
+    else:
+        message = (
+            f"Found the group {cmd_name!r} as subcommand to another group "
+            f" {base_command.name!r} that is in chain mode. This is not supported."
+        )
+
+    raise RuntimeError(message)
+
+
+def _format_deprecated_label(deprecated: bool | str) -> str:
+    """Return the parenthesized deprecation label shown in help text."""
+    label = _("deprecated").upper()
+    if isinstance(deprecated, str):
+        return f"({label}: {deprecated})"
+    return f"({label})"
+
+
+def _format_deprecated_suffix(deprecated: bool | str) -> str:
+    """Return the trailing reason for a ``DeprecationWarning`` message,
+    prefixed with a space, or an empty string when no reason was given.
+    """
+    if isinstance(deprecated, str):
+        return f" {deprecated}"
+    return ""
+
+
+def batch(iterable: cabc.Iterable[V], batch_size: int) -> list[tuple[V, ...]]:
+    return list(zip(*repeat(iter(iterable), batch_size), strict=False))
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def augment_usage_errors(
+    ctx: Context, param: Parameter | None = None
+) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+    """Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions."""
+    try:
+        yield
+    except BadParameter as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        if param is not None and e.param is None:
+            e.param = param
+        raise
+    except UsageError as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        raise
+
+
+def iter_params_for_processing(
+    invocation_order: cabc.Sequence[Parameter],
+    declaration_order: cabc.Sequence[Parameter],
+) -> list[Parameter]:
+    """Returns all declared parameters in the order they should be processed.
+
+    The declared parameters are re-shuffled depending on the order in which
+    they were invoked, as well as the eagerness of each parameters.
+
+    The invocation order takes precedence over the declaration order. I.e. the
+    order in which the user provided them to the CLI is respected.
+
+    This behavior and its effect on callback evaluation is detailed at:
+    https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/advanced/#callback-evaluation-order
+    """
+
+    def sort_key(item: Parameter) -> tuple[bool, float]:
+        try:
+            idx: float = invocation_order.index(item)
+        except ValueError:
+            idx = float("inf")
+
+        return not item.is_eager, idx
+
+    return sorted(declaration_order, key=sort_key)
+
+
+class ParameterSource(enum.IntEnum):
+    """This is an :class:`~enum.IntEnum` that indicates the source of a
+    parameter's value.
+
+    Use :meth:`click.Context.get_parameter_source` to get the
+    source for a parameter by name.
+
+    Members are ordered from most explicit to least explicit source.
+    This allows comparison to check if a value was explicitly provided:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        source = ctx.get_parameter_source("port")
+        if source < click.ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP:
+            ...  # value was explicitly set
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+        Use :class:`~enum.IntEnum` and reorder members from most to
+        least explicit. Supports comparison operators.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :class:`~enum.Enum` and drop the ``validate`` method.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``PROMPT`` value.
+    """
+
+    PROMPT = enum.auto()
+    """Used a prompt to confirm a default or provide a value."""
+    COMMANDLINE = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided by the command line args."""
+    ENVIRONMENT = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided with an environment variable."""
+    DEFAULT_MAP = enum.auto()
+    """Used a default provided by :attr:`Context.default_map`."""
+    DEFAULT = enum.auto()
+    """Used the default specified by the parameter."""
+
+
+class Context:
+    """The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant
+    for the script execution at every single level.  It's normally invisible
+    to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it.
+
+    The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can
+    control special execution features such as reading data from
+    environment variables.
+
+    A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call
+    :meth:`close` on teardown.
+
+    :param command: the command class for this context.
+    :param parent: the parent context.
+    :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                      is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                      command.  For the toplevel script it is usually
+                      the name of the script, for commands below that it's
+                      the name of the script.
+    :param obj: an arbitrary object of user data.
+    :param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment
+                               variables.  If this is `None` then reading
+                               from environment variables is disabled.  This
+                               does not affect manually set environment
+                               variables which are always read.
+    :param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values
+                        for parameters.
+    :param terminal_width: the width of the terminal.  The default is
+                           inherit from parent context.  If no context
+                           defines the terminal width then auto
+                           detection will be applied.
+    :param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by
+                              Click (this currently only affects help
+                              pages).  This defaults to 80 characters if
+                              not overridden.  In other words: even if the
+                              terminal is larger than that, Click will not
+                              format things wider than 80 characters by
+                              default.  In addition to that, formatters might
+                              add some safety mapping on the right.
+    :param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will
+                              parse without any interactivity or callback
+                              invocation.  Default values will also be
+                              ignored.  This is useful for implementing
+                              things such as completion support.
+    :param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments
+                             at the end will not raise an error and will be
+                             kept on the context.  The default is to inherit
+                             from the command.
+    :param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options
+                                    and arguments cannot be mixed.  The
+                                    default is to inherit from the command.
+    :param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does
+                                   not know and keeps them for later
+                                   processing.
+    :param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how
+                              the default help parameter is named.  The
+                              default is ``['--help']``.
+    :param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to
+                                 normalize tokens (options, choices,
+                                 etc.).  This for instance can be used to
+                                 implement case insensitive behavior.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by
+                  default not the case.  This for instance would affect
+                  help output.
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for commands. If this
+        value is not set, it defaults to the value from the parent
+        context. ``Command.show_default`` overrides this default for the
+        specific command.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        The ``protected_args`` attribute is deprecated and will be removed in
+        Click 9.0. ``args`` will contain remaining unparsed tokens.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter is overridden by
+        ``Command.show_default``, instead of the other way around.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``show_default`` parameter defaults to the value from the
+        parent context.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+       Added the ``show_default`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color``, ``ignore_unknown_options``, and
+        ``max_content_width`` parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Added the ``allow_extra_args`` and ``allow_interspersed_args``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``resilient_parsing``, ``help_option_names``, and
+        ``token_normalize_func`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    #: The formatter class to create with :meth:`make_formatter`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    formatter_class: type[HelpFormatter] = HelpFormatter
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command: Command,
+        parent: Context | None = None,
+        info_name: str | None = None,
+        obj: t.Any | None = None,
+        auto_envvar_prefix: str | None = None,
+        default_map: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        terminal_width: int | None = None,
+        max_content_width: int | None = None,
+        resilient_parsing: bool = False,
+        allow_extra_args: bool | None = None,
+        allow_interspersed_args: bool | None = None,
+        ignore_unknown_options: bool | None = None,
+        help_option_names: list[str] | None = None,
+        token_normalize_func: t.Callable[[str], str] | None = None,
+        color: bool | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the parent context or `None` if none exists.
+        self.parent = parent
+        #: the :class:`Command` for this context.
+        self.command = command
+        #: the descriptive information name
+        self.info_name = info_name
+        #: Map of parameter names to their parsed values. Parameters
+        #: with ``expose_value=False`` are not stored.
+        self.params: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        #: the leftover arguments.
+        self.args: list[str] = []
+        #: protected arguments.  These are arguments that are prepended
+        #: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but
+        #: must be never propagated to another arguments.  This is used
+        #: to implement nested parsing.
+        self._protected_args: list[str] = []
+        #: the collected prefixes of the command's options.
+        self._opt_prefixes: set[str] = set(parent._opt_prefixes) if parent else set()
+
+        if obj is None and parent is not None:
+            obj = parent.obj
+
+        #: the user object stored.
+        self.obj: t.Any = obj
+        self._meta: dict[str, t.Any] = getattr(parent, "meta", {})
+
+        #: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters.
+        if (
+            default_map is None
+            and info_name is not None
+            and parent is not None
+            and parent.default_map is not None
+        ):
+            default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name)
+
+        self.default_map: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = default_map
+
+        #: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A
+        #: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's
+        #: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes
+        #: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be
+        #: the name of the subcommand to execute.
+        #:
+        #: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case
+        #: any commands are executed.  It is however not possible to
+        #: figure out which ones.  If you require this knowledge you
+        #: should use a :func:`result_callback`.
+        self.invoked_subcommand: str | None = None
+
+        if terminal_width is None and parent is not None:
+            terminal_width = parent.terminal_width
+
+        #: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection).
+        self.terminal_width: int | None = terminal_width
+
+        if max_content_width is None and parent is not None:
+            max_content_width = parent.max_content_width
+
+        #: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible
+        #: default which is 80 for most things).
+        self.max_content_width: int | None = max_content_width
+
+        if allow_extra_args is None:
+            allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should
+        #: fail on parsing.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args
+
+        if allow_interspersed_args is None:
+            allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and
+        #: options or not.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = allow_interspersed_args
+
+        if ignore_unknown_options is None:
+            ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        #: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not
+        #: understand and will store it on the context for later
+        #: processing.  This is primarily useful for situations where you
+        #: want to call into external programs.  Generally this pattern is
+        #: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly
+        #: forward all arguments.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = ignore_unknown_options
+
+        if help_option_names is None:
+            if parent is not None:
+                help_option_names = parent.help_option_names
+            else:
+                help_option_names = ["--help"]
+
+        #: The names for the help options.
+        self.help_option_names: list[str] = help_option_names
+
+        if token_normalize_func is None and parent is not None:
+            token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func
+
+        #: An optional normalization function for tokens.  This is
+        #: options, choices, commands etc.
+        self.token_normalize_func: t.Callable[[str], str] | None = token_normalize_func
+
+        #: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled.  In that case Click
+        #: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values
+        #: will be ignored. Useful for completion.
+        self.resilient_parsing: bool = resilient_parsing
+
+        # If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and
+        # the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar
+        # prefix automatically.
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is None:
+            if (
+                parent is not None
+                and parent.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                and self.info_name is not None
+            ):
+                auto_envvar_prefix = (
+                    f"{parent.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.info_name.upper()}"
+                )
+        else:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper()
+
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is not None:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.replace("-", "_")
+
+        self.auto_envvar_prefix: str | None = auto_envvar_prefix
+
+        if color is None and parent is not None:
+            color = parent.color
+
+        #: Controls if styling output is wanted or not.
+        self.color: bool | None = color
+
+        if show_default is None and parent is not None:
+            show_default = parent.show_default
+
+        #: Show option default values when formatting help text.
+        self.show_default: bool | None = show_default
+
+        self._close_callbacks: list[t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = []
+        self._depth = 0
+        self._parameter_source: dict[str, ParameterSource] = {}
+        # Tracks whether the option that currently owns each parameter slot in
+        # :attr:`params` had its ``default`` set explicitly by the user. Used
+        # to tie-break feature-switch groups where multiple options share a
+        # parameter name and both fall back to their default value.
+        # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        self._param_default_explicit: dict[str, bool] = {}
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+    @property
+    def protected_args(self) -> list[str]:
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'protected_args' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0."
+            " 'args' will contain remaining unparsed tokens.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self._protected_args
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire CLI
+        structure.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with Context(cli) as ctx:
+                info = ctx.to_info_dict()
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "command": self.command.to_info_dict(self),
+            "info_name": self.info_name,
+            "allow_extra_args": self.allow_extra_args,
+            "allow_interspersed_args": self.allow_interspersed_args,
+            "ignore_unknown_options": self.ignore_unknown_options,
+            "auto_envvar_prefix": self.auto_envvar_prefix,
+        }
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Context:
+        self._depth += 1
+        push_context(self)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        self._depth -= 1
+        exit_result: bool | None = None
+        if self._depth == 0:
+            exit_result = self._close_with_exception_info(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        pop_context()
+
+        return exit_result
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def scope(self, cleanup: bool = True) -> cabc.Iterator[Context]:
+        """This helper method can be used with the context object to promote
+        it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`).
+        The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which
+        can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`.  The cleanup
+        functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles.
+
+        If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly
+        used as a context manager.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            with ctx.scope():
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        This is equivalent::
+
+            with ctx:
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+        :param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or
+                        not.  The default is to run these functions.  In
+                        some situations the context only wants to be
+                        temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled.
+                        Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup.
+        """
+        if not cleanup:
+            self._depth += 1
+        try:
+            with self as rv:
+                yield rv
+        finally:
+            if not cleanup:
+                self._depth -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts
+        that are nested.  It exists so that click utilities can store some
+        state here if they need to.  It is however the responsibility of
+        that code to manage this dictionary well.
+
+        The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings.  For instance
+        module paths are a good choice for it.  What is stored in there is
+        irrelevant for the operation of click.  However what is important is
+        that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of
+        the system.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            LANG_KEY = f'{__name__}.lang'
+
+            def set_language(value):
+                ctx = get_current_context()
+                ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value
+
+            def get_language():
+                return get_current_context().meta.get(LANG_KEY, 'en_US')
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+        """
+        return self._meta
+
+    def make_formatter(self) -> HelpFormatter:
+        """Creates the :class:`~click.HelpFormatter` for the help and
+        usage output.
+
+        To quickly customize the formatter class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+        """
+        return self.formatter_class(
+            width=self.terminal_width, max_width=self.max_content_width
+        )
+
+    def with_resource(self, context_manager: AbstractContextManager[V]) -> V:
+        """Register a resource as if it were used in a ``with``
+        statement. The resource will be cleaned up when the context is
+        popped.
+
+        Uses :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`. It calls the
+        resource's ``__enter__()`` method and returns the result. When
+        the context is popped, it closes the stack, which calls the
+        resource's ``__exit__()`` method.
+
+        To register a cleanup function for something that isn't a
+        context manager, use :meth:`call_on_close`. Or use something
+        from :mod:`contextlib` to turn it into a context manager first.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option("--name")
+            @click.pass_context
+            def cli(ctx):
+                ctx.obj = ctx.with_resource(connect_db(name))
+
+        :param context_manager: The context manager to enter.
+        :return: Whatever ``context_manager.__enter__()`` returns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.enter_context(context_manager)
+
+    def call_on_close(self, f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+        """Register a function to be called when the context tears down.
+
+        This can be used to close resources opened during the script
+        execution. Resources that support Python's context manager
+        protocol which would be used in a ``with`` statement should be
+        registered with :meth:`with_resource` instead.
+
+        :param f: The function to execute on teardown.
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.callback(f)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Invoke all close callbacks registered with
+        :meth:`call_on_close`, and exit all context managers entered
+        with :meth:`with_resource`.
+        """
+        self._close_with_exception_info(None, None, None)
+
+    def _close_with_exception_info(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Unwind the exit stack by calling its :meth:`__exit__` providing the exception
+        information to allow for exception handling by the various resources registered
+        using :meth;`with_resource`
+
+        :return: Whatever ``exit_stack.__exit__()`` returns.
+        """
+        exit_result = self._exit_stack.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        # In case the context is reused, create a new exit stack.
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+        return exit_result
+
+    @property
+    def command_path(self) -> str:
+        """The computed command path.  This is used for the ``usage``
+        information on the help page.  It's automatically created by
+        combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root.
+        """
+        rv = ""
+        if self.info_name is not None:
+            rv = self.info_name
+        if self.parent is not None:
+            parent_command_path = [self.parent.command_path]
+
+            if isinstance(self.parent.command, Command):
+                for param in self.parent.command.get_params(self):
+                    parent_command_path.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(self))
+
+            rv = f"{' '.join(parent_command_path)} {rv}"
+        return rv.lstrip()
+
+    def find_root(self) -> Context:
+        """Finds the outermost context."""
+        node = self
+        while node.parent is not None:
+            node = node.parent
+        return node
+
+    def find_object(self, object_type: type[V]) -> V | None:
+        """Finds the closest object of a given type."""
+        node: Context | None = self
+
+        while node is not None:
+            if isinstance(node.obj, object_type):
+                return node.obj
+
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return None
+
+    def ensure_object(self, object_type: type[V]) -> V:
+        """Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a
+        new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist.
+        """
+        rv = self.find_object(object_type)
+        if rv is None:
+            self.obj = rv = object_type()
+        return rv
+
+    def _default_map_has(self, name: str | None) -> bool:
+        """Check if :attr:`default_map` contains a real value for ``name``.
+
+        Returns ``False`` when the key is absent, the map is ``None``,
+        ``name`` is ``None``, or the stored value is the internal
+        :data:`UNSET` sentinel.
+        """
+        return (
+            name is not None
+            and self.default_map is not None
+            and name in self.default_map
+            and self.default_map[name] is not UNSET
+        )
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: t.Literal[True] = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: t.Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None: ...
+
+    def lookup_default(self, name: str, call: bool = True) -> t.Any | None:
+        """Get the default for a parameter from :attr:`default_map`.
+
+        :param name: Name of the parameter.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        if not self._default_map_has(name):
+            return None
+
+        # Assert to make the type checker happy.
+        assert self.default_map is not None
+        value = self.default_map[name]
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            return value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def fail(self, message: str) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error
+        message.
+
+        :param message: the error message to fail with.
+        """
+        raise UsageError(message, self)
+
+    def abort(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Aborts the script."""
+        raise Abort()
+
+    def exit(self, code: int = 0) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Exits the application with a given exit code.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            Callbacks and context managers registered with :meth:`call_on_close`
+            and :meth:`with_resource` are closed before exiting.
+        """
+        self.close()
+        raise Exit(code)
+
+    def get_usage(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_usage(self)
+
+    def get_help(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted help page for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_help(self)
+
+    def _make_sub_context(self, command: Command) -> Context:
+        """Create a new context of the same type as this context, but
+        for a new command.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        return type(self)(command, info_name=command.name, parent=self)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(
+        self, callback: t.Callable[..., V], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> V: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(self, callback: Command, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def invoke(
+        self, callback: Command | t.Callable[..., V], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any | V:
+        """Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects.  There
+        are two ways to invoke this method:
+
+        1.  the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and
+            keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function.
+        2.  the first argument is a click command object.  In that case all
+            arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters
+            (options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click
+            will fill in defaults.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if :meth:`forward` is called at multiple levels.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.2
+            A new context is created, and missing arguments use default values.
+        """
+        if isinstance(callback, Command):
+            other_cmd = callback
+
+            if other_cmd.callback is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The given command does not have a callback that can be invoked."
+                )
+            else:
+                callback = t.cast("t.Callable[..., V]", other_cmd.callback)
+
+            ctx = self._make_sub_context(other_cmd)
+
+            for param in other_cmd.params:
+                if param.name not in kwargs and param.expose_value:
+                    default_value = param.get_default(ctx)
+                    # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we
+                    # choose to make it an implementation detail. And because ``invoke``
+                    # has been designed as part of Click public API, we return ``None``
+                    # instead. Refs:
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3066
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3065
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3068
+                    if default_value is UNSET:
+                        default_value = None
+                    kwargs[param.name] = param.type_cast_value(ctx, default_value)
+
+            # Track all kwargs as params, so that forward() will pass
+            # them on in subsequent calls.
+            ctx.params.update(kwargs)
+        else:
+            ctx = self
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(self):
+            with ctx:
+                return callback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def forward(self, cmd: Command, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword
+        arguments from the current context if the other command expects
+        it.  This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if ``forward`` is called at multiple levels.
+        """
+        # Can only forward to other commands, not direct callbacks.
+        if not isinstance(cmd, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Callback is not a command.")
+
+        for param in self.params:
+            if param not in kwargs:
+                kwargs[param] = self.params[param]
+
+        return self.invoke(cmd, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_parameter_source(self, name: str, source: ParameterSource) -> None:
+        """Set the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :param source: A member of :class:`~click.core.ParameterSource`.
+        """
+        self._parameter_source[name] = source
+
+    def get_parameter_source(self, name: str) -> ParameterSource | None:
+        """Get the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        This can be useful for determining when a user specified a value
+        on the command line that is the same as the default value. It
+        will be :attr:`~click.core.ParameterSource.DEFAULT` only if the
+        value was actually taken from the default.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :rtype: ParameterSource
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Returns ``None`` if the parameter was not provided from any
+            source.
+        """
+        return self._parameter_source.get(name)
+
+
+class Command:
+    """Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in
+    Click.  A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch
+    more parsing to commands nested below it.
+
+    :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
+    :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
+                             passed to the context object.
+    :param callback: the callback to invoke.  This is optional.
+    :param params: the parameters to register with this command.  This can
+                   be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects.
+    :param help: the help string to use for this command.
+    :param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the
+                   help page after everything else.
+    :param short_help: the short help to use for this command.  This is
+                       shown on the command listing of the parent command.
+    :param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help``
+                            option.  This can be disabled by this parameter.
+    :param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
+                            provided.  This option is disabled by default.
+                            If enabled this will add ``--help`` as argument
+                            if no arguments are passed
+    :param hidden: hide this command from help outputs.
+    :param deprecated: If ``True`` or non-empty string, issues a message
+                        indicating that the command is deprecated and highlights
+                        its deprecation in --help. The message can be customized
+                        by using a string as the value.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        This is the base class for all commands, not ``BaseCommand``.
+        ``deprecated`` can be set to a string as well to customize the
+        deprecation message.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        ``help``, ``epilog``, and ``short_help`` are stored unprocessed,
+        all formatting is done when outputting help text, not at init,
+        and is done even if not using the ``@command`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added a ``repr`` showing the command name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Added the ``no_args_is_help`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``context_settings`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    #: The context class to create with :meth:`make_context`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    context_class: type[Context] = Context
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag.
+    allow_extra_args = False
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag.
+    allow_interspersed_args = True
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag.
+    ignore_unknown_options = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None,
+        context_settings: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        params: list[Parameter] | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        epilog: str | None = None,
+        short_help: str | None = None,
+        options_metavar: str | None = "[OPTIONS]",
+        add_help_option: bool = True,
+        no_args_is_help: bool = False,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the name the command thinks it has.  Upon registering a command
+        #: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name
+        #: with this information.  You should instead use the
+        #: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute.
+        self.name = name
+
+        if context_settings is None:
+            context_settings = {}
+
+        #: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context.
+        self.context_settings: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] = context_settings
+
+        #: the callback to execute when the command fires.  This might be
+        #: `None` in which case nothing happens.
+        self.callback = callback
+        #: the list of parameters for this command in the order they
+        #: should show up in the help page and execute.  Eager parameters
+        #: will automatically be handled before non eager ones.
+        self.params: list[Parameter] = params or []
+        self.help = help
+        self.epilog = epilog
+        self.options_metavar = options_metavar
+        self.short_help = short_help
+        self.add_help_option = add_help_option
+        self._help_option = None
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "params": [param.to_info_dict() for param in self.get_params(ctx)],
+            "help": self.help,
+            "epilog": self.epilog,
+            "short_help": self.short_help,
+            "hidden": self.hidden,
+            "deprecated": self.deprecated,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the usage line into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_usage` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_params(self, ctx: Context) -> list[Parameter]:
+        params = self.params
+        help_option = self.get_help_option(ctx)
+
+        if help_option is not None:
+            params = [*params, help_option]
+
+        if __debug__:
+            import warnings
+
+            opts = [opt for param in params for opt in param.opts]
+            opts_counter = Counter(opts)
+            duplicate_opts = (opt for opt, count in opts_counter.items() if count > 1)
+
+            for duplicate_opt in duplicate_opts:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        f"The parameter {duplicate_opt} is used more than once. "
+                        "Remove its duplicate as parameters should be unique."
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return params
+
+    def format_usage(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the usage line into the formatter.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_usage`.
+        """
+        pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, " ".join(pieces))
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns
+        it as a list of strings.
+        """
+        rv = [self.options_metavar] if self.options_metavar else []
+
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx))
+
+        return rv
+
+    def get_help_option_names(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns the names for the help option."""
+        all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names)
+        for param in self.params:
+            all_names.difference_update(param.opts)
+            all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts)
+        return list(all_names)
+
+    def get_help_option(self, ctx: Context) -> Option | None:
+        """Returns the help option object.
+
+        Skipped if :attr:`add_help_option` is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1.8
+            The help option is now cached to avoid creating it multiple times.
+        """
+        help_option_names = self.get_help_option_names(ctx)
+
+        if not help_option_names or not self.add_help_option:
+            return None
+
+        # Cache the help option object in private _help_option attribute to
+        # avoid creating it multiple times. Not doing this will break the
+        # callback ordering by iter_params_for_processing(), which relies on
+        # object comparison.
+        if self._help_option is None:
+            # Avoid circular import.
+            from .decorators import help_option
+
+            # Apply help_option decorator and pop resulting option
+            help_option(*help_option_names)(self)
+            self._help_option = self.params.pop()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return self._help_option
+
+    def make_parser(self, ctx: Context) -> _OptionParser:
+        """Creates the underlying option parser for this command."""
+        parser = _OptionParser(ctx)
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx)
+        return parser
+
+    def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the help into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_help` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_help(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_short_help_str(self, limit: int = 45) -> str:
+        """Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the
+        long help string.
+        """
+        if self.short_help:
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.short_help)
+        elif self.help:
+            text = make_default_short_help(self.help, limit)
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = f"{_(text)} {_format_deprecated_label(self.deprecated)}"
+
+        return text.strip()
+
+    def format_help(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help into the formatter if it exists.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_help`.
+
+        This calls the following methods:
+
+        -   :meth:`format_usage`
+        -   :meth:`format_help_text`
+        -   :meth:`format_options`
+        -   :meth:`format_epilog`
+        """
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_help_text(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_epilog(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_help_text(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.help is not None:
+            # truncate the help text to the first form feed
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.help).partition("\f")[0]
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = f"{_(text)} {_format_deprecated_label(self.deprecated)}"
+
+        if text:
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(text)
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist."""
+        opts = []
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv = param.get_help_record(ctx)
+            if rv is not None:
+                opts.append(rv)
+
+        if opts:
+            with formatter.section(_("Options")):
+                formatter.write_dl(opts)
+
+    def format_epilog(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.epilog:
+            epilog = inspect.cleandoc(self.epilog)
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(epilog)
+
+    def make_context(
+        self,
+        info_name: str | None,
+        args: list[str],
+        parent: Context | None = None,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Context:
+        """This function when given an info name and arguments will kick
+        off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`.  It does not
+        invoke the actual command callback though.
+
+        To quickly customize the context class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+
+        :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                          is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                          command.  For the toplevel script it's usually
+                          the name of the script, for commands below it's
+                          the name of the command.
+        :param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings.
+        :param parent: the parent context if available.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+        """
+        for key, value in self.context_settings.items():
+            if key not in extra:
+                extra[key] = value
+
+        ctx = self.context_class(self, info_name=info_name, parent=parent, **extra)
+
+        with ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+            self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+        return ctx
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            raise NoArgsIsHelpError(ctx)
+
+        parser = self.make_parser(ctx)
+        opts, args, param_order = parser.parse_args(args=args)
+
+        for param in iter_params_for_processing(param_order, self.get_params(ctx)):
+            _, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
+
+        # We now have all parameters' values into `ctx.params`, but the data may contain
+        # the `UNSET` sentinel.
+        # Convert `UNSET` to `None` to ensure that the user doesn't see `UNSET`.
+        #
+        # Waiting until after the initial parse to convert allows us to treat `UNSET`
+        # more like a missing value when multiple params use the same name.
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3071
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3079
+        for name, value in ctx.params.items():
+            if value is UNSET:
+                ctx.params[name] = None
+
+        if args and not ctx.allow_extra_args and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            ctx.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "Got unexpected extra argument ({args})",
+                    "Got unexpected extra arguments ({args})",
+                    len(args),
+                ).format(args=" ".join(map(str, args)))
+            )
+
+        ctx.args = args
+        ctx._opt_prefixes.update(parser._opt_prefixes)
+        return args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists)
+        in the right way.
+        """
+        if self.deprecated:
+            message = _(
+                "DeprecationWarning: The command {name!r} is deprecated.{extra_message}"
+            ).format(
+                name=self.name,
+                extra_message=_format_deprecated_suffix(self.deprecated),
+            )
+            echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options and chained multi-commands.
+
+        Any command could be part of a chained multi-command, so sibling
+        commands are valid at any point during command completion.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results: list[CompletionItem] = []
+
+        if incomplete and not incomplete[0].isalnum():
+            for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(param, Option)
+                    or param.hidden
+                    or (
+                        not param.multiple
+                        and ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name)
+                        is ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+                    )
+                ):
+                    continue
+
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=param.help)
+                    for name in [*param.opts, *param.secondary_opts]
+                    if name.startswith(incomplete)
+                )
+
+        while ctx.parent is not None:
+            ctx = ctx.parent
+
+            if isinstance(ctx.command, Group) and ctx.command.chain:
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+                    for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+                    if name not in ctx._protected_args
+                )
+
+        return results
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: t.Literal[True] = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.NoReturn: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = ...,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = True,
+        windows_expand_args: bool = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and
+        whistles as a command line application.  This will always terminate
+        the application after a call.  If this is not wanted, ``SystemExit``
+        needs to be caught.
+
+        This method is also available by directly calling the instance of
+        a :class:`Command`.
+
+        :param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing.  If not
+                     provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used.
+        :param prog_name: the program name that should be used.  By default
+                          the program name is constructed by taking the file
+                          name from ``sys.argv[0]``.
+        :param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the
+                             bash completion support.  The default is
+                             ``"_<prog_name>_COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in
+                             uppercase.
+        :param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script
+                                in standalone mode.  Click will then
+                                handle exceptions and convert them into
+                                error messages and the function will never
+                                return but shut down the interpreter.  If
+                                this is set to `False` they will be
+                                propagated to the caller and the return
+                                value of this function is the return value
+                                of :meth:`invoke`.
+        :param windows_expand_args: Expand glob patterns, user dir, and
+            env vars in command line args on Windows.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.  See :class:`Context` for more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Added the ``windows_expand_args`` parameter to allow
+            disabling command line arg expansion on Windows.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            When taking arguments from ``sys.argv`` on Windows, glob
+            patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+           Added the ``standalone_mode`` parameter.
+        """
+        if args is None:
+            args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+            if os.name == "nt" and windows_expand_args:
+                args = _expand_args(args)
+        else:
+            args = list(args)
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = _detect_program_name()
+
+        # Process shell completion requests and exit early.
+        self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx:
+                    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
+                    if not standalone_mode:
+                        return rv
+                    # it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here!
+                    # note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which
+                    # has obvious effects
+                    # more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of
+                    # chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not
+                    # even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure
+                    # by its truthiness/falsiness
+                    ctx.exit()
+            except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
+                echo(file=sys.stderr)
+                raise Abort() from e
+            except ClickException as e:
+                if not standalone_mode:
+                    raise
+                e.show()
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
+                    sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout))
+                    sys.stderr = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr))
+                    sys.exit(1)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except Exit as e:
+            if standalone_mode:
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            else:
+                # in non-standalone mode, return the exit code
+                # note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises
+                # an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which
+                # would return its result
+                # the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be
+                # somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to
+                # `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to
+                # tell the difference between the two
+                return e.exit_code
+        except Abort:
+            if not standalone_mode:
+                raise
+            echo(_("Aborted!"), file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def _main_shell_completion(
+        self,
+        ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Check if the shell is asking for tab completion, process
+        that, then exit early. Called from :meth:`main` before the
+        program is invoked.
+
+        :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+        :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+            the completion instruction. Defaults to
+            ``_{PROG_NAME}_COMPLETE``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+            Dots (``.``) in ``prog_name`` are replaced with underscores (``_``).
+        """
+        if complete_var is None:
+            complete_name = prog_name.replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
+            complete_var = f"_{complete_name}_COMPLETE".upper()
+
+        instruction = os.environ.get(complete_var)
+
+        if not instruction:
+            return
+
+        from .shell_completion import shell_complete
+
+        rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
+        sys.exit(rv)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Alias for :meth:`main`."""
+        return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class _FakeSubclassCheck(type):
+    def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass: type) -> bool:
+        return issubclass(subclass, cls.__bases__[0])
+
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(instance, cls.__bases__[0])
+
+
+class _BaseCommand(Command, metaclass=_FakeSubclassCheck):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0. Use ``Command`` instead.
+    """
+
+
+class Group(Command):
+    """A group is a command that nests other commands (or more groups).
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param commands: Map names to :class:`Command` objects. Can be a list, which
+        will use :attr:`Command.name` as the keys.
+    :param invoke_without_command: Invoke the group's callback even if a
+        subcommand is not given.
+    :param no_args_is_help: If no arguments are given, show the group's help and
+        exit. Defaults to the opposite of ``invoke_without_command``.
+    :param subcommand_metavar: How to represent the subcommand argument in help.
+        The default will represent whether ``chain`` is set or not.
+    :param chain: Allow passing more than one subcommand argument. After parsing
+        a command's arguments, if any arguments remain another command will be
+        matched, and so on.
+    :param result_callback: A function to call after the group's and
+        subcommand's callbacks. The value returned by the subcommand is passed.
+        If ``chain`` is enabled, the value will be a list of values returned by
+        all the commands. If ``invoke_without_command`` is enabled, the value
+        will be the value returned by the group's callback, or an empty list if
+        ``chain`` is enabled.
+    :param kwargs: Other arguments passed to :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``commands`` argument can be a list of command objects.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Merged with and replaces the ``MultiCommand`` base class.
+    """
+
+    allow_extra_args = True
+    allow_interspersed_args = False
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`command` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Command` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subcommands use a custom command class.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    command_class: type[Command] | None = None
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`group` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Group` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subgroups use a custom group class.
+    #:
+    #: If set to the special value :class:`type` (literally
+    #: ``group_class = type``), this group's class will be used as the
+    #: default class. This makes a custom group class continue to make
+    #: custom groups.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    group_class: type[Group] | type[type] | None = None
+    # Literal[type] isn't valid, so use Type[type]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        commands: cabc.MutableMapping[str, Command]
+        | cabc.Sequence[Command]
+        | None = None,
+        invoke_without_command: bool = False,
+        no_args_is_help: bool | None = None,
+        subcommand_metavar: str | None = None,
+        chain: bool = False,
+        result_callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
+
+        if commands is None:
+            commands = {}
+        elif isinstance(commands, abc.Sequence):
+            commands = {c.name: c for c in commands if c.name is not None}
+
+        #: The registered subcommands by their exported names.
+        self.commands: cabc.MutableMapping[str, Command] = commands
+
+        if no_args_is_help is None:
+            no_args_is_help = not invoke_without_command
+
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command
+
+        if subcommand_metavar is None:
+            if chain:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..."
+            else:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
+
+        self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar
+        self.chain = chain
+        # The result callback that is stored. This can be set or
+        # overridden with the :func:`result_callback` decorator.
+        self._result_callback = result_callback
+
+        if self.chain:
+            for param in self.params:
+                if isinstance(param, Argument) and not param.required:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "A group in chain mode cannot have optional arguments."
+                    )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
+        commands = {}
+
+        for name in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            command = self.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is None:
+                continue
+
+            sub_ctx = ctx._make_sub_context(command)
+
+            with sub_ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+                commands[name] = command.to_info_dict(sub_ctx)
+
+        info_dict.update(commands=commands, chain=self.chain)
+        return info_dict
+
+    def add_command(self, cmd: Command, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Registers another :class:`Command` with this group.  If the name
+        is not provided, the name of the command is used.
+        """
+        name = name or cmd.name
+        if name is None:
+            raise TypeError("Command has no name.")
+        _check_nested_chain(self, name, cmd, register=True)
+        self.commands[name] = cmd
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command]: ...
+
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command] | Command:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` and
+        immediately registers the created command with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the command class used, set the
+        :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import command
+
+        func: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert len(args) == 1 and not kwargs, (
+                "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            )
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command:
+            cmd: Command = command(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Group: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Group]: ...
+
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Group] | Group:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` and
+        immediately registers the created group with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the group class used, set the :attr:`group_class`
+        attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`group_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import group
+
+        func: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert len(args) == 1 and not kwargs, (
+                "Use 'group(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            )
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.group_class is not None and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            if self.group_class is type:
+                kwargs["cls"] = type(self)
+            else:
+                kwargs["cls"] = self.group_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Group:
+            cmd: Group = group(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def result_callback(self, replace: bool = False) -> t.Callable[[F], F]:
+        """Adds a result callback to the command.  By default if a
+        result callback is already registered this will chain them but
+        this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter.  The result
+        callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand
+        (or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining
+        is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed
+        to the main callback.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option('-i', '--input', default=23)
+            def cli(input):
+                return 42
+
+            @cli.result_callback()
+            def process_result(result, input):
+                return result + input
+
+        :param replace: if set to `True` an already existing result
+                        callback will be removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Renamed from ``resultcallback``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: F) -> F:
+            old_callback = self._result_callback
+
+            if old_callback is None or replace:
+                self._result_callback = f
+                return f
+
+            def function(value: t.Any, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                inner = old_callback(value, *args, **kwargs)
+                return f(inner, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            self._result_callback = rv = update_wrapper(t.cast(F, function), f)
+            return rv  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> Command | None:
+        """Given a context and a command name, this returns a :class:`Command`
+        object if it exists or returns ``None``.
+        """
+        return self.commands.get(cmd_name)
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should appear."""
+        return sorted(self.commands)
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        rv = super().collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        rv.append(self.subcommand_metavar)
+        return rv
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        super().format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_commands(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_commands(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands
+        after the options.
+        """
+        commands = []
+        for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand)
+            # What is this, the tool lied about a command.  Ignore it
+            if cmd is None:
+                continue
+            if cmd.hidden:
+                continue
+
+            commands.append((subcommand, cmd))
+
+        # allow for 3 times the default spacing
+        if len(commands):
+            limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands)
+
+            rows = []
+            for subcommand, cmd in commands:
+                help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit)
+                rows.append((subcommand, help))
+
+            if rows:
+                with formatter.section(_("Commands")):
+                    formatter.write_dl(rows)
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            raise NoArgsIsHelpError(ctx)
+
+        rest = super().parse_args(ctx, args)
+
+        if self.chain:
+            ctx._protected_args = rest
+            ctx.args = []
+        elif rest:
+            ctx._protected_args, ctx.args = rest[:1], rest[1:]
+
+        return ctx.args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        def _process_result(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            if self._result_callback is not None:
+                value = ctx.invoke(self._result_callback, value, **ctx.params)
+            return value
+
+        if not ctx._protected_args:
+            if self.invoke_without_command:
+                # No subcommand was invoked, so the result callback is
+                # invoked with the group return value for regular
+                # groups, or an empty list for chained groups.
+                with ctx:
+                    rv = super().invoke(ctx)
+                    return _process_result([] if self.chain else rv)
+            ctx.fail(_("Missing command."))
+
+        # Fetch args back out
+        args = [*ctx._protected_args, *ctx.args]
+        ctx.args = []
+        ctx._protected_args = []
+
+        # If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a
+        # single command but we also inform the current context about the
+        # name of the command to invoke.
+        if not self.chain:
+            # Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up
+            # resources until the result processor has worked.
+            with ctx:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name
+                super().invoke(ctx)
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx)
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+
+        # In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the
+        # base command has been invoked.  Because at that point we do not
+        # know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is
+        # set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed
+        # but nothing else.
+        with ctx:
+            ctx.invoked_subcommand = "*" if args else None
+            super().invoke(ctx)
+
+            # Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a
+            # chain.  In that case the return value to the result processor
+            # is the list of all invoked subcommand's results.
+            contexts = []
+            while args:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
+                    cmd_name,
+                    args,
+                    parent=ctx,
+                    allow_extra_args=True,
+                    allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                )
+                contexts.append(sub_ctx)
+                args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, []
+
+            rv = []
+            for sub_ctx in contexts:
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+            return _process_result(rv)
+
+    def resolve_command(
+        self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, Command | None, list[str]]:
+        cmd_name = make_str(args[0])
+
+        # Get the command
+        cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we can't find the command but there is a normalization
+        # function available, we try with that one.
+        if cmd is None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name)
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we don't find the command we want to show an error message
+        # to the user that it was not provided.  However, there is
+        # something else we should do: if the first argument looks like
+        # an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to
+        # resolve things like --help which now should go to the main
+        # place.
+        if cmd is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            if _split_opt(cmd_name)[0]:
+                self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+            raise NoSuchCommand(cmd_name, possibilities=self.commands, ctx=ctx)
+        return cmd_name if cmd else None, cmd, args[1:]
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options, subcommands, and chained
+        multi-commands.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results = [
+            CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+            for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+        ]
+        results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
+        return results
+
+
+class _MultiCommand(Group, metaclass=_FakeSubclassCheck):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0. Use ``Group`` instead.
+    """
+
+
+class CommandCollection(Group):
+    """A :class:`Group` that looks up subcommands on other groups. If a command
+    is not found on this group, each registered source is checked in order.
+    Parameters on a source are not added to this group, and a source's callback
+    is not invoked when invoking its commands. In other words, this "flattens"
+    commands in many groups into this one group.
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param sources: A list of :class:`Group` objects to look up commands from.
+    :param kwargs: Other arguments passed to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        This is a subclass of ``Group``. Commands are looked up first on this
+        group, then each of its sources.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        sources: list[Group] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
+        #: The list of registered groups.
+        self.sources: list[Group] = sources or []
+
+    def add_source(self, group: Group) -> None:
+        """Add a group as a source of commands."""
+        self.sources.append(group)
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> Command | None:
+        rv = super().get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+            if rv is not None:
+                if self.chain:
+                    _check_nested_chain(self, cmd_name, rv)
+
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        rv: set[str] = set(super().list_commands(ctx))
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx))
+
+        return sorted(rv)
+
+
+def _check_iter(value: t.Any) -> cabc.Iterator[t.Any]:
+    """Check if the value is iterable but not a string. Raises a type
+    error, or return an iterator over the value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        raise TypeError
+
+    return iter(value)
+
+
+class Parameter(ABC):
+    r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either
+    :class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s.  Other subclasses are currently
+    not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are
+    intentionally not finalized.
+
+    Some settings are supported by both options and arguments.
+
+    :param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or
+                        argument.  This is a list of flags or argument
+                        names.
+    :param type: the type that should be used.  Either a :class:`ParamType`
+                 or a Python type.  The latter is converted into the former
+                 automatically if supported.
+    :param required: controls if this is optional or not.
+    :param default: the default value if omitted.  This can also be a callable,
+                    in which case it's invoked when the default is needed
+                    without any arguments.
+    :param callback: A function to further process or validate the value
+        after type conversion. It is called as ``f(ctx, param, value)``
+        and must return the value. It is called for all sources,
+        including prompts.
+    :param nargs: the number of arguments to match.  If not ``1`` the return
+                  value is a tuple instead of single value.  The default for
+                  nargs is ``1`` (except if the type is a tuple, then it's
+                  the arity of the tuple). If ``nargs=-1``, all remaining
+                  parameters are collected.
+    :param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page.
+    :param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards
+                         to the command callback and stored on the context,
+                         otherwise it's skipped.
+    :param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones.  This
+                     should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the
+                     order of processing.
+    :param envvar: environment variable(s) that are used to provide a default value for
+        this parameter. This can be a string or a sequence of strings. If a sequence is
+        given, only the first non-empty environment variable is used for the parameter.
+    :param shell_complete: A function that returns custom shell
+        completions. Used instead of the param's type completion if
+        given. Takes ``ctx, param, incomplete`` and must return a list
+        of :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` or a list of
+        strings.
+    :param deprecated: If ``True`` or non-empty string, issues a message
+                        indicating that the argument is deprecated and highlights
+                        its deprecation in --help. The message can be customized
+                        by using a string as the value. A deprecated parameter
+                        cannot be required, a ValueError will be raised otherwise.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        Introduction of ``deprecated``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Adding duplicate parameter names to a :class:`~click.core.Command` will
+        result in a ``UserWarning`` being shown.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Adding duplicate parameter names to a :class:`~click.core.Command` will
+        result in a ``UserWarning`` being shown.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``process_value`` validates required parameters and bounded
+        ``nargs``, and invokes the parameter callback before returning
+        the value. This allows the callback to validate prompts.
+        ``full_process_value`` is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``autocompletion`` is renamed to ``shell_complete`` and has new
+        semantics described above. The old name is deprecated and will
+        be removed in 8.1, until then it will be wrapped to match the
+        new requirements.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        For ``multiple=True, nargs>1``, the default must be a list of
+        tuples.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Setting a default is no longer required for ``nargs>1``, it will
+        default to ``None``. ``multiple=True`` or ``nargs=-1`` will
+        default to ``()``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Empty environment variables are ignored rather than taking the
+        empty string value. This makes it possible for scripts to clear
+        variables if they can't unset them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the
+        parameter. The old callback format will still work, but it will
+        raise a warning to give you a chance to migrate the code easier.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "parameter"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        type: types.ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        # XXX The default historically embed two concepts:
+        # - the declaration of a Parameter object carrying the default (handy to
+        #   arbitrage the default value of coupled Parameters sharing the same
+        #   self.name, like flag options),
+        # - and the actual value of the default.
+        # It is confusing and is the source of many issues discussed in:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030
+        # In the future, we might think of splitting it in two, not unlike
+        # Option.is_flag and Option.flag_value: we could have something like
+        # Parameter.is_default and Parameter.default_value.
+        default: t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None = UNSET,
+        callback: t.Callable[[Context, Parameter, t.Any], t.Any] | None = None,
+        nargs: int | None = None,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        metavar: str | None = None,
+        expose_value: bool = True,
+        is_eager: bool = False,
+        envvar: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        shell_complete: t.Callable[
+            [Context, Parameter, str], list[CompletionItem] | list[str]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name: str
+        self.opts: list[str]
+        self.secondary_opts: list[str]
+        self.name, self.opts, self.secondary_opts = self._parse_decls(
+            param_decls or (), expose_value
+        )
+        self.type: types.ParamType[t.Any] = types.convert_type(type, default)
+
+        # Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that
+        # information available.
+        if nargs is None:
+            if self.type.is_composite:
+                nargs = self.type.arity
+            else:
+                nargs = 1
+
+        self.required = required
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.multiple = multiple
+        self.expose_value = expose_value
+        self.default: t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None = default
+        # Whether the user passed ``default`` explicitly to the constructor.
+        # Captured before any auto-derived default (like ``False`` for boolean
+        # flags in :class:`Option`) replaces the :data:`UNSET` sentinel, so it
+        # remains ``False`` when the default was inferred rather than chosen.
+        # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        self._default_explicit: bool = default is not UNSET
+        self.is_eager = is_eager
+        self.metavar = metavar
+        self.envvar = envvar
+        self._custom_shell_complete = shell_complete
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if self.type.is_composite and nargs != self.type.arity:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"'nargs' must be {self.type.arity} (or None) for"
+                    f" type {self.type!r}, but it was {nargs}."
+                )
+
+            if required and deprecated:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The {self.param_type_name} '{self.human_readable_name}' "
+                    "is deprecated and still required. A deprecated "
+                    f"{self.param_type_name} cannot be required."
+                )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.0
+            Returns ``None`` for the :attr:`default` if it was not set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "param_type_name": self.param_type_name,
+            "opts": self.opts,
+            "secondary_opts": self.secondary_opts,
+            "type": self.type.to_info_dict(),
+            "required": self.required,
+            "nargs": self.nargs,
+            "multiple": self.multiple,
+            # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we choose to
+            # make it an implementation detail. And because ``to_info_dict`` has been
+            # designed for documentation purposes, we return ``None`` instead.
+            "default": self.default if self.default is not UNSET else None,
+            "envvar": self.envvar,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]: ...
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the human readable name of this parameter.  This is the
+        same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments.
+        """
+        return self.name
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+
+        metavar = self.type.get_metavar(param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        if metavar is None:
+            metavar = self.type.name.upper()
+
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            metavar += "..."
+
+        return metavar
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: t.Literal[True] = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None: ...
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None:
+        """Get the default for the parameter. Tries
+        :meth:`Context.lookup_default` first, then the local default.
+
+        :param ctx: Current context.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.2
+            Type casting is no longer performed when getting a default.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Type casting can fail in resilient parsing mode. Invalid
+            defaults will not prevent showing help text.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Looks at ``ctx.default_map`` first.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name, call=False)
+
+        if value is None and not ctx._default_map_has(self.name):
+            value = self.default
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None: ...
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        """Returns the parameter value produced by the parser.
+
+        If the parser did not produce a value from user input, the value is either
+        sourced from the environment variable, the default map, or the parameter's
+        default value. In that order of precedence.
+
+        If no value is found, an internal sentinel value is returned.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # Collect from the parse the value passed by the user to the CLI.
+        value = opts.get(self.name, UNSET)
+        # If the value is set, it means it was sourced from the command line by the
+        # parser, otherwise it left unset by default.
+        source = (
+            ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+            if value is not UNSET
+            else ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+        )
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            envvar_value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx)
+            if envvar_value is not None:
+                value = envvar_value
+                source = ParameterSource.ENVIRONMENT
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            default_map_value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name)
+            if default_map_value is not None or ctx._default_map_has(self.name):
+                value = default_map_value
+                source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+
+                # A string from default_map must be split for multi-value
+                # parameters, matching value_from_envvar behavior.
+                if isinstance(value, str) and self.nargs != 1:
+                    value = self.type.split_envvar_value(value)
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx)
+            if default_value is not UNSET:
+                value = default_value
+                source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def type_cast_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert and validate a value against the parameter's
+        :attr:`type`, :attr:`multiple`, and :attr:`nargs`.
+        """
+        if value is None:
+            if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1:
+                return ()
+            else:
+                return value
+
+        def check_iter(value: t.Any) -> cabc.Iterator[t.Any]:
+            try:
+                return _check_iter(value)
+            except TypeError:
+                # This should only happen when passing in args manually,
+                # the parser should construct an iterable when parsing
+                # the command line.
+                raise BadParameter(
+                    _("Value must be an iterable."), ctx=ctx, param=self
+                ) from None
+
+        # Define the conversion function based on nargs and type.
+
+        if self.nargs == 1 or self.type.is_composite:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                return self.type(value, param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        elif self.nargs == -1:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        else:  # nargs > 1
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                value = tuple(check_iter(value))
+
+                if len(value) != self.nargs:
+                    raise BadParameter(
+                        ngettext(
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but 1 was given.",
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but {len} were given.",
+                            len(value),
+                        ).format(nargs=self.nargs, len=len(value)),
+                        ctx=ctx,
+                        param=self,
+                    )
+
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in value)
+
+        if self.multiple:
+            return tuple(convert(x) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        return convert(value)
+
+    def value_is_missing(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """A value is considered missing if:
+
+        - it is :attr:`UNSET`,
+        - or if it is an empty sequence while the parameter is suppose to have
+          non-single value (i.e. :attr:`nargs` is not ``1`` or :attr:`multiple` is
+          set).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if value is UNSET:
+            return True
+
+        if (self.nargs != 1 or self.multiple) and value == ():
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Process the value of this parameter:
+
+        1. Type cast the value using :meth:`type_cast_value`.
+        2. Check if the value is missing (see: :meth:`value_is_missing`), and raise
+           :exc:`MissingParameter` if it is required.
+        3. If a :attr:`callback` is set, call it to have the value replaced by the
+           result of the callback. If the value was not set, the callback receive
+           ``None``. This keep the legacy behavior as it was before the introduction of
+           the :attr:`UNSET` sentinel.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # shelter `type_cast_value` from ever seeing an `UNSET` value by handling the
+        # cases in which `UNSET` gets special treatment explicitly at this layer
+        #
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3069
+        if value is UNSET:
+            if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1:
+                value = ()
+        else:
+            value = self.type_cast_value(ctx, value)
+
+        if self.required and self.value_is_missing(value):
+            raise MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            # Legacy case: UNSET is not exposed directly to the callback, but converted
+            # to None.
+            if value is UNSET:
+                value = None
+
+            # Search for parameters with UNSET values in the context.
+            unset_keys = {k: None for k, v in ctx.params.items() if v is UNSET}
+            # No UNSET values, call the callback as usual.
+            if not unset_keys:
+                value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+            # Legacy case: provide a temporarily manipulated context to the callback
+            # to hide UNSET values as None.
+            #
+            # Refs:
+            # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3136
+            # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3137
+            else:
+                # Add another layer to the context stack to clearly hint that the
+                # context is temporarily modified.
+                with ctx:
+                    # Update the context parameters to replace UNSET with None.
+                    ctx.params.update(unset_keys)
+                    # Feed these fake context parameters to the callback.
+                    value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+                    # Restore the UNSET values in the context parameters.
+                    ctx.params.update(
+                        {
+                            k: UNSET
+                            for k in unset_keys
+                            # Only restore keys that are present and still None, in case
+                            # the callback modified other parameters.
+                            if k in ctx.params and ctx.params[k] is None
+                        }
+                    )
+
+        return value
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the value found in the environment variable(s) attached to this
+        parameter.
+
+        Environment variables values are `always returned as strings
+        <https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.environ>`_.
+
+        This method returns ``None`` if:
+
+        - the :attr:`envvar` property is not set on the :class:`Parameter`,
+        - the environment variable is not found in the environment,
+        - the variable is found in the environment but its value is empty (i.e. the
+          environment variable is present but has an empty string).
+
+        If :attr:`envvar` is setup with multiple environment variables,
+        then only the first non-empty value is returned.
+
+        .. caution::
+
+            The raw value extracted from the environment is not normalized and is
+            returned as-is. Any normalization or reconciliation is performed later by
+            the :class:`Parameter`'s :attr:`type`.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if not self.envvar:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.envvar, str):
+            rv = os.environ.get(self.envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        else:
+            for envvar in self.envvar:
+                rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+                # Return the first non-empty value of the list of environment variables.
+                if rv:
+                    return rv
+                # Else, absence of value is interpreted as an environment variable that
+                # is not set, so proceed to the next one.
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None:
+        """Process the raw environment variable string for this parameter.
+
+        Returns the string as-is or splits it into a sequence of strings if the
+        parameter is expecting multiple values (i.e. its :attr:`nargs` property is set
+        to a value other than ``1``).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None and self.nargs != 1:
+            return self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def handle_parse_result(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any], args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, list[str]]:
+        """Process the value produced by the parser from user input.
+
+        Always process the value through the Parameter's :attr:`type`, wherever it
+        comes from.
+
+        If the parameter is deprecated, this method warn the user about it. But only if
+        the value has been explicitly set by the user (and as such, is not coming from
+        a default).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # Capture the slot's existing state before we mutate
+        # ``_parameter_source`` so the write decision below can compare our
+        # incoming source against the source of the option that already wrote
+        # the slot (if any).
+        existing_value = ctx.params.get(self.name, UNSET)
+        existing_source = ctx.get_parameter_source(self.name)
+        existing_default_explicit = ctx._param_default_explicit.get(self.name, False)
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=self):
+            value, source = self.consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+            # Record the source before processing so eager callbacks and type
+            # conversion can inspect it. Restored after arbitration if this
+            # option loses a feature-switch group.
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, source)
+
+            # Display a deprecation warning if necessary.
+            if (
+                self.deprecated
+                and value is not UNSET
+                and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+            ):
+                message = _(
+                    "DeprecationWarning: The {param_type} {name!r} is deprecated."
+                    "{extra_message}"
+                ).format(
+                    param_type=self.param_type_name,
+                    name=self.human_readable_name,
+                    extra_message=_format_deprecated_suffix(self.deprecated),
+                )
+                echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+            # Process the value through the parameter's type.
+            try:
+                value = self.process_value(ctx, value)
+            except Exception:
+                if not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                    raise
+                # In resilient parsing mode, we do not want to fail the command if the
+                # value is incompatible with the parameter type, so we reset the value
+                # to UNSET, which will be interpreted as a missing value.
+                value = UNSET
+
+        # Arbitrate the slot when several parameters target the same variable
+        # name (feature-switch groups). See: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        slot_empty = existing_value is UNSET
+        more_explicit = existing_source is not None and source < existing_source
+        same_source = existing_source is not None and source == existing_source
+        auto_would_downgrade_explicit = (
+            same_source
+            and source == ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+            and existing_default_explicit
+            and not self._default_explicit
+        )
+        is_winner = (
+            slot_empty
+            or more_explicit
+            or (same_source and not auto_would_downgrade_explicit)
+        )
+
+        if is_winner:
+            if self.expose_value:
+                ctx.params[self.name] = value
+                ctx._param_default_explicit[self.name] = self._default_explicit
+        elif existing_source is not None:
+            # Lost arbitration; restore the winning option's source.
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, existing_source)
+        # else: ctx.params[self.name] was populated by code that bypassed
+        # handle_parse_result (from another option's callback for example). Keep
+        # the provisional source recorded before process_value so downstream
+        # lookups don't return ``None``.
+
+        return value, args
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        return None
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to
+        indicate which param caused the error.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+            ``ctx`` can be ``None``.
+        """
+        hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name]
+        return " / ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in hint_list)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. If a
+        ``shell_complete`` function was given during init, it is used.
+        Otherwise, the :attr:`type`
+        :meth:`~click.types.ParamType[t.Any].shell_complete` function is used.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        if self._custom_shell_complete is not None:
+            results = self._custom_shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+            if results and isinstance(results[0], str):
+                from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+                results = [CompletionItem(c) for c in results]
+
+            return t.cast("list[CompletionItem]", results)
+
+        return self.type.shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+
+class Option(Parameter):
+    """Options are usually optional values on the command line and
+    have some extra features that arguments don't have.
+
+    All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
+
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for this option in its
+        help text. Values are not shown by default, unless
+        :attr:`Context.show_default` is ``True``. If this value is a
+        string, it shows that string in parentheses instead of the
+        actual value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options.
+        For single option boolean flags, the default remains hidden if
+        its value is ``False``.
+    :param show_envvar: Controls if an environment variable should be
+        shown on the help page and error messages.
+        Normally, environment variables are not shown.
+    :param prompt: If set to ``True`` or a non empty string then the
+        user will be prompted for input. If set to ``True`` the prompt
+        will be the option name capitalized. A deprecated option cannot be
+        prompted.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value if it was prompted for. Can be set to a string instead of
+        ``True`` to customize the message.
+    :param prompt_required: If set to ``False``, the user will be
+        prompted for input only when the option was specified as a flag
+        without a value.
+    :param hide_input: If this is ``True`` then the input on the prompt
+        will be hidden from the user. This is useful for password input.
+    :param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag.  The default is
+                    auto detection.
+    :param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's
+                       enabled.  This is set to a boolean automatically if
+                       the option string contains a slash to mark two options.
+    :param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted
+                     multiple times and recorded.  This is similar to ``nargs``
+                     in how it works but supports arbitrary number of
+                     arguments.
+    :param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer.
+    :param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this
+                               parameter will be pulled from an environment
+                               variable in case a prefix is defined on the
+                               context.
+    :param help: the help string.
+    :param hidden: hide this option from help outputs.
+    :param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Parameter`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Non-basic ``flag_value`` types (not ``str``, ``int``, ``float``, or
+        ``bool``) are passed through unchanged instead of being stringified.
+        Previously, ``type=click.UNPROCESSED`` was required to preserve them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``envvar`` used with ``flag_value`` will always use the ``flag_value``,
+        previously it would use the value of the environment variable.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Help text indentation is cleaned here instead of only in the
+        ``@option`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter overrides
+        ``Context.show_default``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The default of a single option boolean flag is not shown if the
+        default value is ``False``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+        ``type`` is detected from ``flag_value`` if given, for basic Python
+        types (``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``bool``).
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "option"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | str | None = None,
+        prompt: bool | str = False,
+        confirmation_prompt: bool | str = False,
+        prompt_required: bool = True,
+        hide_input: bool = False,
+        is_flag: bool | None = None,
+        flag_value: t.Any = UNSET,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        count: bool = False,
+        allow_from_autoenv: bool = True,
+        type: types.ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        show_envvar: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if help:
+            help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            param_decls, type=type, multiple=multiple, deprecated=deprecated, **attrs
+        )
+
+        if prompt is True:
+            if not self.name:
+                raise TypeError("'name' is required with 'prompt=True'.")
+
+            prompt_text: str | None = self.name.replace("_", " ").capitalize()
+        elif prompt is False:
+            prompt_text = None
+        else:
+            prompt_text = prompt
+
+        if deprecated:
+            label = _format_deprecated_label(deprecated)
+            help = f"{help} {label}" if help is not None else label
+
+        self.prompt = prompt_text
+        self.confirmation_prompt = confirmation_prompt
+        self.prompt_required = prompt_required
+        self.hide_input = hide_input
+        self.hidden = hidden
+
+        # The _flag_needs_value property tells the parser that this option is a flag
+        # that cannot be used standalone and needs a value. With this information, the
+        # parser can determine whether to consider the next user-provided argument in
+        # the CLI as a value for this flag or as a new option.
+        # If prompt is enabled but not required, then it opens the possibility for the
+        # option to gets its value from the user.
+        self._flag_needs_value = self.prompt is not None and not self.prompt_required
+
+        # Auto-detect if this is a flag or not.
+        if is_flag is None:
+            # Implicitly a flag because flag_value was set.
+            if flag_value is not UNSET:
+                is_flag = True
+            # Not a flag, but when used as a flag it shows a prompt.
+            elif self._flag_needs_value:
+                is_flag = False
+            # Implicitly a flag because secondary options names were given.
+            elif self.secondary_opts:
+                is_flag = True
+
+        # The option is explicitly not a flag, but to determine whether or not it needs
+        # value, we need to check if `flag_value` or `default` was set. Either one is
+        # sufficient.
+        # Ref: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3084
+        elif is_flag is False and not self._flag_needs_value:
+            self._flag_needs_value = flag_value is not UNSET or self.default is UNSET
+
+        if is_flag:
+            # Set missing default for flags if not explicitly required or prompted.
+            if self.default is UNSET and not self.required and not self.prompt:
+                if multiple:
+                    self.default = ()
+
+            # Auto-detect the type of the flag based on the flag_value.
+            if type is None:
+                # A flag without a flag_value is a boolean flag.
+                if flag_value is UNSET:
+                    self.type: types.ParamType[t.Any] = types.BoolParamType()
+                # If the flag value is a boolean, use BoolParamType.
+                elif isinstance(flag_value, bool):
+                    self.type = types.BoolParamType()
+                # Otherwise, guess the type from the flag value.
+                else:
+                    guessed = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
+                    if (
+                        isinstance(guessed, types.StringParamType)
+                        and not isinstance(flag_value, str)
+                        and flag_value is not None
+                    ):
+                        # The flag_value type couldn't be auto-detected
+                        # (not str, int, float, or bool). Since flag_value
+                        # is a programmer-provided Python object, not CLI
+                        # input, pass it through unchanged instead of
+                        # stringifying it.
+                        self.type = types.UNPROCESSED
+                    else:
+                        self.type = guessed
+
+        self.is_flag: bool = bool(is_flag)
+        self.is_bool_flag: bool = bool(
+            is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
+        )
+        self.flag_value: t.Any = flag_value
+
+        # Set boolean flag default to False if unset and not required.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            if self.default is UNSET and not self.required:
+                self.default = False
+
+        # The alignment of default to the flag_value is resolved lazily in
+        # get_default() to prevent callable flag_values (like classes) from
+        # being instantiated. Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3121
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3024#issuecomment-3146199461
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030/commits/06847da
+
+        # Set the default flag_value if it is not set.
+        if self.flag_value is UNSET:
+            if self.is_flag:
+                self.flag_value = True
+            else:
+                self.flag_value = None
+
+        # Counting.
+        self.count = count
+        if count:
+            if type is None:
+                self.type = types.IntRange(min=0)
+            if self.default is UNSET:
+                self.default = 0
+
+        self.allow_from_autoenv = allow_from_autoenv
+        self.help = help
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+        self.show_envvar = show_envvar
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if deprecated and prompt:
+                raise ValueError("`deprecated` options cannot use `prompt`.")
+
+            if self.nargs == -1:
+                raise TypeError("nargs=-1 is not supported for options.")
+
+            if not self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                raise TypeError("Secondary flag is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.hide_input and self.prompt is not None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "'prompt' with 'hide_input' is not valid for boolean flag."
+                )
+
+            if self.count:
+                if self.multiple:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'multiple'.")
+
+                if self.is_flag:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'is_flag'.")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.0
+            Returns ``None`` for the :attr:`flag_value` if it was not set.
+        """
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(
+            help=self.help,
+            prompt=self.prompt,
+            is_flag=self.is_flag,
+            # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we choose to
+            # make it an implementation detail. And because ``to_info_dict`` has been
+            # designed for documentation purposes, we return ``None`` instead.
+            flag_value=self.flag_value if self.flag_value is not UNSET else None,
+            count=self.count,
+            hidden=self.hidden,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None:
+        """Return the default value for this option.
+
+        For non-boolean flag options, ``default=True`` is treated as a sentinel
+        meaning "activate this flag by default" and is resolved to
+        :attr:`flag_value`.  For example, with ``--upper/--lower`` feature
+        switches where ``flag_value="upper"`` and ``default=True``, the default
+        resolves to ``"upper"``.
+
+        .. caution::
+            This substitution only applies to non-boolean flags
+            (:attr:`is_bool_flag` is ``False``). For boolean flags, ``True`` is
+            a legitimate Python value and ``default=True`` is returned as-is.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+            ``default=True`` is no longer substituted with ``flag_value`` for
+            boolean flags, fixing negative boolean flags like
+            ``flag_value=False, default=True``.
+        """
+        value = super().get_default(ctx, call=False)
+
+        # Resolve default=True to flag_value lazily (here instead of
+        # __init__) to prevent callable flag_values (like classes) from
+        # being instantiated by the callable check below.
+        if value is True and self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            value = self.flag_value
+        elif call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        result = super().get_error_hint(ctx)
+        if self.show_envvar and self.envvar is not None:
+            result += f" (env var: '{self.envvar}')"
+        return result
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]:
+        opts = []
+        secondary_opts = []
+        name = None
+        possible_names = []
+
+        for decl in decls:
+            if decl.isidentifier():
+                if name is not None:
+                    raise TypeError(_("Name '{name}' defined twice").format(name=name))
+                name = decl
+            else:
+                split_char = ";" if decl[:1] == "/" else "/"
+                if split_char in decl:
+                    first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1)
+                    first = first.rstrip()
+                    if first:
+                        possible_names.append(_split_opt(first))
+                        opts.append(first)
+                    second = second.lstrip()
+                    if second:
+                        secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip())
+                    if first == second:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            _(
+                                "Boolean option {decl!r} cannot use the"
+                                " same flag for true/false."
+                            ).format(decl=decl)
+                        )
+                else:
+                    possible_names.append(_split_opt(decl))
+                    opts.append(decl)
+
+        if name is None and possible_names:
+            possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0]))  # group long options first
+            name = possible_names[0][1].replace("-", "_").lower()
+            if not name.isidentifier():
+                name = None
+
+        if name is None:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return "", opts, secondary_opts
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "Could not determine name for option with declarations {decls!r}"
+                ).format(decls=decls)
+            )
+
+        if not opts and not secondary_opts:
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "No options defined but a name was passed ({name})."
+                    " Did you mean to declare an argument instead? Did"
+                    " you mean to pass '--{name}'?"
+                ).format(name=name)
+            )
+
+        return name, opts, secondary_opts
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        if self.multiple:
+            action = "append"
+        elif self.count:
+            action = "count"
+        else:
+            action = "store"
+
+        if self.is_flag:
+            action = f"{action}_const"
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self, opts=self.opts, dest=self.name, action=action, const=True
+                )
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.secondary_opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=False,
+                )
+            else:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=self.flag_value,
+                )
+        else:
+            parser.add_option(
+                obj=self,
+                opts=self.opts,
+                dest=self.name,
+                action=action,
+                nargs=self.nargs,
+            )
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return None
+
+        any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+        def _write_opts(opts: cabc.Sequence[str]) -> str:
+            nonlocal any_prefix_is_slash
+
+            rv, any_slashes = join_options(opts)
+
+            if any_slashes:
+                any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+            if not self.is_flag and not self.count:
+                rv += f" {self.make_metavar(ctx=ctx)}"
+
+            return rv
+
+        rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)]
+
+        if self.secondary_opts:
+            rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
+
+        help = self.help or ""
+
+        extra = self.get_help_extra(ctx)
+        extra_items = []
+        if "envvars" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(
+                _("env var: {var}").format(var=", ".join(extra["envvars"]))
+            )
+        if "default" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=extra["default"]))
+        if "range" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(extra["range"])
+        if "required" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(_(extra["required"]))
+
+        if extra_items:
+            extra_str = "; ".join(extra_items)
+            help = f"{help}  [{extra_str}]" if help else f"[{extra_str}]"
+
+        return ("; " if any_prefix_is_slash else " / ").join(rv), help
+
+    def get_help_extra(self, ctx: Context) -> types.OptionHelpExtra:
+        extra: types.OptionHelpExtra = {}
+
+        if self.show_envvar:
+            envvar = self.envvar
+
+            if envvar is None:
+                if (
+                    self.allow_from_autoenv
+                    and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                    and self.name
+                ):
+                    envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+
+            if envvar is not None:
+                if isinstance(envvar, str):
+                    extra["envvars"] = (envvar,)
+                else:
+                    extra["envvars"] = tuple(str(d) for d in envvar)
+
+        # Temporarily enable resilient parsing to avoid type casting
+        # failing for the default. Might be possible to extend this to
+        # help formatting in general.
+        resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ctx.resilient_parsing = True
+
+        try:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx, call=False)
+        finally:
+            ctx.resilient_parsing = resilient
+
+        show_default = False
+        show_default_is_str = False
+
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.show_default, str):
+                show_default_is_str = show_default = True
+            else:
+                show_default = self.show_default
+        elif ctx.show_default is not None:
+            show_default = ctx.show_default
+
+        if show_default_is_str or (
+            show_default and (default_value not in (None, UNSET))
+        ):
+            if show_default_is_str:
+                default_string = f"({self.show_default})"
+            elif isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
+                default_string = ", ".join(str(d) for d in default_value)
+            elif isinstance(default_value, enum.Enum):
+                default_string = default_value.name
+            elif inspect.isfunction(default_value):
+                default_string = _("(dynamic)")
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                # For boolean flags that have distinct True/False opts,
+                # use the opt without prefix instead of the value.
+                default_string = _split_opt(
+                    (self.opts if default_value else self.secondary_opts)[0]
+                )[1]
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and not self.secondary_opts and not default_value:
+                default_string = ""
+            elif isinstance(default_value, str) and default_value == "":
+                default_string = '""'
+            else:
+                default_string = str(default_value)
+
+            if default_string:
+                extra["default"] = default_string
+
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase)
+            # skip count with default range type
+            and not (self.count and self.type.min == 0 and self.type.max is None)
+        ):
+            range_str = self.type._describe_range()
+
+            if range_str:
+                extra["range"] = range_str
+
+        if self.required:
+            extra["required"] = "required"
+
+        return extra
+
+    def prompt_for_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full
+        value processing if a value does not exist.  It will prompt the
+        user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed
+        value as result.
+        """
+        assert self.prompt is not None
+
+        # Calculate the default before prompting anything to lock in the value before
+        # attempting any user interaction.
+        default = self.get_default(ctx)
+
+        # A boolean flag can use a simplified [y/n] confirmation prompt.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            # If we have no boolean default, we force the user to explicitly provide
+            # one.
+            if default in (UNSET, None):
+                default = None
+            # Nothing prevent you to declare an option that is simultaneously:
+            # 1) auto-detected as a boolean flag,
+            # 2) allowed to prompt, and
+            # 3) still declare a non-boolean default.
+            # This forced casting into a boolean is necessary to align any non-boolean
+            # default to the prompt, which is going to be a [y/n]-style confirmation
+            # because the option is still a boolean flag. That way, instead of [y/n],
+            # we get [Y/n] or [y/N] depending on the truthy value of the default.
+            # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030#discussion_r2289180249
+            else:
+                default = bool(default)
+            return confirm(self.prompt, default)
+
+        # If show_default is given, provide this to `prompt` as well,
+        # otherwise we use `prompt`'s default behavior
+        prompt_kwargs: t.Any = {}
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            prompt_kwargs["show_default"] = self.show_default
+
+        return prompt(
+            self.prompt,
+            # Use ``None`` to inform the prompt() function to reiterate until a valid
+            # value is provided by the user if we have no default.
+            default=None if default is UNSET else default,
+            type=self.type,
+            hide_input=self.hide_input,
+            show_choices=self.show_choices,
+            confirmation_prompt=self.confirmation_prompt,
+            value_proc=lambda x: self.process_value(ctx, x),
+            **prompt_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """:class:`Option` resolves its environment variable the same way as
+        :func:`Parameter.resolve_envvar_value`, but it also supports
+        :attr:`Context.auto_envvar_prefix`. If we could not find an environment from
+        the :attr:`envvar` property, we fallback on :attr:`Context.auto_envvar_prefix`
+        to build dynamiccaly the environment variable name using the
+        :python:`{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}` template.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = super().resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        if self.allow_from_autoenv and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None and self.name:
+            envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+            rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """For :class:`Option`, this method processes the raw environment variable
+        string the same way as :func:`Parameter.value_from_envvar` does.
+
+        But in the case of non-boolean flags, the value is analyzed to determine if the
+        flag is activated or not, and returns a boolean of its activation, or the
+        :attr:`flag_value` if the latter is set.
+
+        This method also takes care of repeated options (i.e. options with
+        :attr:`multiple` set to ``True``).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        # Absent environment variable or an empty string is interpreted as unset.
+        if rv is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Non-boolean flags are more liberal in what they accept. But a flag being a
+        # flag, its envvar value still needs to be analyzed to determine if the flag is
+        # activated or not.
+        if self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            # If the flag_value is set and match the envvar value, return it
+            # directly.
+            if self.flag_value is not UNSET and rv == self.flag_value:
+                return self.flag_value
+            # Analyze the envvar value as a boolean to know if the flag is
+            # activated or not.
+            return types.BoolParamType.str_to_bool(rv)
+
+        # Split the envvar value if it is allowed to be repeated.
+        value_depth = (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple)
+        if value_depth > 0:
+            multi_rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+            if self.multiple and self.nargs != 1:
+                multi_rv = batch(multi_rv, self.nargs)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            return multi_rv
+
+        return rv
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, Parameter]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        """For :class:`Option`, the value can be collected from an interactive prompt
+        if the option is a flag that needs a value (and the :attr:`prompt` property is
+        set).
+
+        Additionally, this method handles flag option that are activated without a
+        value, in which case the :attr:`flag_value` is returned.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        value, source = super().consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+        # The parser will emit a sentinel value if the option is allowed to as a flag
+        # without a value.
+        if value is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE:
+            # If the option allows for a prompt, we start an interaction with the user.
+            if self.prompt is not None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+                source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+            # Else the flag takes its flag_value as value.
+            else:
+                value = self.flag_value
+                source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # A flag which is activated always returns the flag value, unless the value
+        # comes from the explicitly sets default.
+        elif (
+            self.is_flag
+            and value is True
+            and not self.is_bool_flag
+            and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+        ):
+            value = self.flag_value
+
+        # Re-interpret a multiple option which has been sent as-is by the parser.
+        # Here we replace each occurrence of value-less flags (marked by the
+        # FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE sentinel) with the flag_value.
+        elif (
+            self.multiple
+            and value is not UNSET
+            and isinstance(value, cabc.Iterable)
+            and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+            and any(v is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE for v in value)
+        ):
+            value = [self.flag_value if v is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE else v for v in value]
+            source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt for one to the user
+        # if prompting is enabled.
+        elif (
+            (value is UNSET or source >= ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP)
+            and self.prompt is not None
+            and (self.required or self.prompt_required)
+            and not ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ):
+            value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+            source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        # process_value has to be overridden on Options in order to capture
+        # `value == UNSET` cases before `type_cast_value()` gets called.
+        #
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3069
+        if self.is_flag and not self.required and self.is_bool_flag and value is UNSET:
+            value = False
+
+            if self.callback is not None:
+                value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+            return value
+
+        # in the normal case, rely on Parameter.process_value
+        return super().process_value(ctx, value)
+
+
+class Argument(Parameter):
+    """Arguments are positional parameters to a command.  They generally
+    provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs``
+    and are required by default.
+
+    All parameters are passed onwards to the constructor of :class:`Parameter`.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "argument"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        required: bool | None = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Auto-detect the requirement status of the argument if not explicitly set.
+        if required is None:
+            # The argument gets automatically required if it has no explicit default
+            # value set and is setup to match at least one value.
+            if attrs.get("default", UNSET) is UNSET:
+                required = attrs.get("nargs", 1) > 0
+            # If the argument has a default value, it is not required.
+            else:
+                required = False
+
+        if "multiple" in attrs:
+            raise TypeError("__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'multiple'.")
+
+        super().__init__(param_decls, required=required, **attrs)
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        return self.name.upper()
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        var = self.type.get_metavar(param=self, ctx=ctx)
+        if not var:
+            var = self.name.upper()
+        if self.deprecated:
+            var += "!"
+        if not self.required:
+            var = f"[{var}]"
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            var += "..."
+        return var
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]:
+        if not decls:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return "", [], []
+            raise TypeError("Argument is marked as exposed, but does not have a name.")
+        if len(decls) == 1:
+            name = arg = decls[0]
+            name = name.replace("-", "_").lower()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "Arguments take exactly one parameter declaration, got"
+                    " {length}: {decls}."
+                ).format(length=len(decls), decls=decls)
+            )
+        return name, [arg], []
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        return [self.make_metavar(ctx)]
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        if ctx is not None:
+            return f"'{self.make_metavar(ctx)}'"
+        return f"'{self.human_readable_name}'"
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument(dest=self.name, nargs=self.nargs, obj=self)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "BaseCommand":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'BaseCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Command' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _BaseCommand
+
+    if name == "MultiCommand":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'MultiCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Group' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _MultiCommand
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14aee42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .globals import get_current_context
+from .utils import echo
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+_AnyCallable = t.Callable[..., t.Any]
+FC = t.TypeVar("FC", bound="_AnyCallable | Command")
+
+
+def pass_context(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[Context, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+    """Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
+    object as first argument.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def pass_obj(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+    """Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
+    context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`).  This is useful if that object
+    represents the state of a nested system.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def make_pass_decorator(
+    object_type: type[T], ensure: bool = False
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]:
+    """Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
+    similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
+    current context, it will find the innermost context of type
+    :func:`object_type`.
+
+    This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
+
+        from functools import update_wrapper
+
+        def decorator(f):
+            @pass_context
+            def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+                return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+            return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+        return decorator
+
+    :param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
+    :param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
+                   remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+        def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+
+            obj: T | None
+            if ensure:
+                obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
+            else:
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+
+            if obj is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Managed to invoke callback without a context"
+                    f" object of type {object_type.__name__!r}"
+                    " existing."
+                )
+
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def pass_meta_key(
+    key: str, *, doc_description: str | None = None
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]:
+    """Create a decorator that passes a key from
+    :attr:`click.Context.meta` as the first argument to the decorated
+    function.
+
+    :param key: Key in ``Context.meta`` to pass.
+    :param doc_description: Description of the object being passed,
+        inserted into the decorator's docstring. Defaults to "the 'key'
+        key from Context.meta".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+        def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+            obj = ctx.meta[key]
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    if doc_description is None:
+        doc_description = f"the {key!r} key from :attr:`click.Context.meta`"
+
+    decorator.__doc__ = (
+        f"Decorator that passes {doc_description} as the first argument"
+        " to the decorated function."
+    )
+    return decorator
+
+
+CmdType = t.TypeVar("CmdType", bound=Command)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def command(name: _AnyCallable) -> Command: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @command(namearg, CommandCls, ...) or @command(namearg, cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: str | None,
+    cls: type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @command(cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: str | None = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command]: ...
+
+
+def command(
+    name: str | _AnyCallable | None = None,
+    cls: type[CmdType] | None = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> Command | t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command | CmdType]:
+    r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
+    callback.  This will also automatically attach all decorated
+    :func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
+
+    The name of the command defaults to the name of the function, converted to
+    lowercase, with underscores ``_`` replaced by dashes ``-``, and the suffixes
+    ``_command``, ``_cmd``, ``_group``, and ``_grp`` are removed. For example,
+    ``init_data_command`` becomes ``init-data``.
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
+    For the ``params`` argument, any decorated params are appended to
+    the end of the list.
+
+    Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
+    that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
+    command :class:`Group`.
+
+    :param name: The name of the command. Defaults to modifying the function's
+        name as described above.
+    :param cls: The command class to create. Defaults to :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        The suffixes ``_command``, ``_cmd``, ``_group``, and ``_grp`` are
+        removed when generating the name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``params`` argument can be used. Decorated params are
+        appended to the end of the list.
+    """
+
+    func: t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], t.Any] | None = None
+
+    if callable(name):
+        func = name
+        name = None
+        assert cls is None, "Use 'command(cls=cls)(callable)' to specify a class."
+        assert not attrs, "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[CmdType]", Command)
+
+    def decorator(f: _AnyCallable) -> CmdType:
+        if isinstance(f, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Attempted to convert a callback into a command twice.")
+
+        attr_params = attrs.pop("params", None)
+        params = attr_params if attr_params is not None else []
+
+        try:
+            decorator_params = f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            del f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+            params.extend(reversed(decorator_params))
+
+        if attrs.get("help") is None:
+            attrs["help"] = f.__doc__
+
+        if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+            assert cls is not None
+            assert not callable(name)
+
+        if name is not None:
+            cmd_name = name
+        else:
+            cmd_name = f.__name__.lower().replace("_", "-")
+            cmd_left, sep, suffix = cmd_name.rpartition("-")
+
+            if sep and suffix in {"command", "cmd", "group", "grp"}:
+                cmd_name = cmd_left
+
+        cmd = cls(name=cmd_name, callback=f, params=params, **attrs)
+        cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+        return cmd
+
+    if func is not None:
+        return decorator(func)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+GrpType = t.TypeVar("GrpType", bound=Group)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def group(name: _AnyCallable) -> Group: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @group(namearg, GroupCls, ...) or @group(namearg, cls=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: str | None,
+    cls: type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @group(cmd=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: str | None = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group]: ...
+
+
+def group(
+    name: str | _AnyCallable | None = None,
+    cls: type[GrpType] | None = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> Group | t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group | GrpType]:
+    """Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback.  This
+    works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
+    parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[GrpType]", Group)
+
+    if callable(name):
+        return command(cls=cls, **attrs)(name)
+
+    return command(name, cls, **attrs)
+
+
+def _param_memo(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any], param: Parameter) -> None:
+    if isinstance(f, Command):
+        f.params.append(param)
+    else:
+        if not hasattr(f, "__click_params__"):
+            f.__click_params__ = []  # type: ignore
+
+        f.__click_params__.append(param)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def argument(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: type[Argument] | None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an argument to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default argument class, refer to :class:`Argument` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the argument class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Argument`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Argument
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def option(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: type[Option] | None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an option to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default option class, refer to :class:`Option` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the option class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Option`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Option
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def confirmation_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--yes`` option which shows a prompt before continuing if
+    not passed. If the prompt is declined, the program will exit.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--yes"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            ctx.abort()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--yes",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", callback)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", _("Do you want to continue?"))
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Confirm the action without prompting."))
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def password_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--password`` option which prompts for a password, hiding
+    input and asking to enter the value again for confirmation.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--password"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--password",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("confirmation_prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("hide_input", True)
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def version_option(
+    version: str | None = None,
+    *param_decls: str,
+    package_name: str | None = None,
+    prog_name: str | None = None,
+    message: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--version`` option which immediately prints the version
+    number and exits the program.
+
+    If ``version`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it using
+    :func:`importlib.metadata.version` to get the version for the
+    ``package_name``.
+
+    If ``package_name`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it by
+    inspecting the stack frames. This will be used to detect the
+    version, so it must match the name of the installed package.
+
+    :param version: The version number to show. If not provided, Click
+        will try to detect it.
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--version"``.
+    :param package_name: The package name to detect the version from. If
+        not provided, Click will try to detect it.
+    :param prog_name: The name of the CLI to show in the message. If not
+        provided, it will be detected from the command.
+    :param message: The message to show. The values ``%(prog)s``,
+        ``%(package)s``, and ``%(version)s`` are available. Defaults to
+        ``"%(prog)s, version %(version)s"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    :raise RuntimeError: ``version`` could not be detected.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Add the ``package_name`` parameter, and the ``%(package)s``
+        value for messages.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :mod:`importlib.metadata` instead of ``pkg_resources``. The
+        version is detected based on the package name, not the entry
+        point name. The Python package name must match the installed
+        package name, or be passed with ``package_name=``.
+    """
+    if message is None:
+        message = _("%(prog)s, version %(version)s")
+
+    if version is None and package_name is None:
+        frame = inspect.currentframe()
+        f_back = frame.f_back if frame is not None else None
+        f_globals = f_back.f_globals if f_back is not None else None
+        # break reference cycle
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
+        del frame
+
+        if f_globals is not None:
+            package_name = f_globals.get("__name__")
+
+            if package_name == "__main__":
+                package_name = f_globals.get("__package__")
+
+            if package_name:
+                package_name = package_name.partition(".")[0]
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            return
+
+        nonlocal prog_name
+        nonlocal version
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = ctx.find_root().info_name
+
+        if version is None and package_name is not None:
+            import importlib.metadata
+
+            try:
+                version = importlib.metadata.version(package_name)
+            except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"{package_name!r} is not installed. Try passing"
+                    " 'package_name' instead."
+                ) from None
+
+        if version is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Could not determine the version for {package_name!r} automatically."
+            )
+
+        echo(
+            message % {"prog": prog_name, "package": package_name, "version": version},
+            color=ctx.color,
+        )
+        ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--version",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show the version and exit."))
+    kwargs["callback"] = callback
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def help_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Pre-configured ``--help`` option which immediately prints the help page
+    and exits the program.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--help"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def show_help(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Callback that print the help page on ``<stdout>`` and exits."""
+        if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
+            ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--help",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show this message and exit."))
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", show_help)
+
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68c2806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import get_text_stderr
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import format_filename
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Command
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+
+
+def _join_param_hints(param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None) -> str | None:
+    if param_hint is not None and not isinstance(param_hint, str):
+        return " / ".join(repr(x) for x in param_hint)
+
+    return param_hint
+
+
+def _format_possibilities(possibilities: list[str]) -> str:
+    possibility_str = ", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(possibilities))
+    return ngettext(
+        "Did you mean {possibility}?",
+        "(Did you mean one of: {possibilities}?)",
+        len(possibilities),
+    ).format(possibility=possibility_str, possibilities=possibility_str)
+
+
+class ClickException(Exception):
+    """An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
+
+    #: The exit code for this exception.
+    exit_code = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # The context will be removed by the time we print the message, so cache
+        # the color settings here to be used later on (in `show`)
+        self.show_color: bool | None = resolve_color_default()
+        self.message = message
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=self.show_color,
+        )
+
+
+class UsageError(ClickException):
+    """An internal exception that signals a usage error.  This typically
+    aborts any further handling.
+
+    :param message: the error message to display.
+    :param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error.  Click will
+                fill in the context automatically in some situations.
+    """
+
+    exit_code = 2
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, ctx: Context | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.cmd: Command | None = self.ctx.command if self.ctx else None
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+        color = None
+        hint = ""
+        if (
+            self.ctx is not None
+            and self.ctx.command.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None
+        ):
+            help_names = self.ctx.command.get_help_option_names(self.ctx)
+            # Pick the longest name (like ``--help`` over ``-h``) for
+            # readability in error messages.
+            hint = _("Try '{command} {option}' for help.").format(
+                command=self.ctx.command_path,
+                option=max(help_names, key=len),
+            )
+            hint = f"{hint}\n"
+        if self.ctx is not None:
+            color = self.ctx.color
+            echo(f"{self.ctx.get_usage()}\n{hint}", file=file, color=color)
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=color,
+        )
+
+
+class BadParameter(UsageError):
+    """An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
+    bad parameter.  This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
+    Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
+    parameter it is).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param param: the parameter object that caused this error.  This can
+                  be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
+                  if possible.
+    :param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name.  This
+                       can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
+                       where custom validation should happen.  If it is
+                       a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
+                       each item is quoted and separated.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.param = param
+        self.param_hint = param_hint
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
+        else:
+            return _("Invalid value: {message}").format(message=self.message)
+
+        return _("Invalid value for {param_hint}: {message}").format(
+            param_hint=_join_param_hints(param_hint), message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
+    """Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
+    provided when invoking the script.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
+                       The default is to inherit the parameter type from
+                       the given `param`.  Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
+                       ``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+        param_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message or "", ctx, param, param_hint)
+        self.param_type = param_type
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
+        else:
+            param_hint = None
+
+        param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
+        param_hint = f" {param_hint}" if param_hint else ""
+
+        param_type = self.param_type
+        if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
+            param_type = self.param.param_type_name
+
+        msg = self.message
+        if self.param is not None:
+            msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(
+                param=self.param, ctx=self.ctx
+            )
+            if msg_extra:
+                if msg:
+                    msg += f". {msg_extra}"
+                else:
+                    msg = msg_extra
+
+        msg = f" {msg}" if msg else ""
+
+        # Translate param_type for known types.
+        if param_type == "argument":
+            missing = _("Missing argument")
+        elif param_type == "option":
+            missing = _("Missing option")
+        elif param_type == "parameter":
+            missing = _("Missing parameter")
+        else:
+            missing = _("Missing {param_type}").format(param_type=param_type)
+
+        return f"{missing}{param_hint}.{msg}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if not self.message:
+            param_name = self.param.name if self.param else None
+            return _("Missing parameter: {param_name}").format(param_name=param_name)
+        else:
+            return self.message
+
+
+class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
+    """Raised if Click attempted to handle an option that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_name: str,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        possibilities: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such option {name!r}.").format(name=option_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+        self.possibilities: list[str] | None = None
+        if possibilities:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            self.possibilities = get_close_matches(option_name, possibilities)
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+        return f"{self.message} {_format_possibilities(self.possibilities)}"
+
+
+class NoSuchCommand(UsageError):
+    """Raised if Click attempted to handle a command that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command_name: str,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        possibilities: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such command {name!r}.").format(name=command_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.command_name = command_name
+        self.possibilities: list[str] | None = None
+        if possibilities:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            self.possibilities = get_close_matches(command_name, possibilities)
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+        return f"{self.message} {_format_possibilities(self.possibilities)}"
+
+
+class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
+    for an option is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, option_name: str, message: str, ctx: Context | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+
+
+class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of values
+    for an argument is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+    """
+
+
+class NoArgsIsHelpError(UsageError):
+    def __init__(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        self.ctx: Context
+        super().__init__(ctx.get_help(), ctx=ctx)
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        echo(self.format_message(), file=file, err=True, color=self.ctx.color)
+
+
+class FileError(ClickException):
+    """Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str, hint: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if hint is None:
+            hint = _("unknown error")
+
+        super().__init__(hint)
+        self.ui_filename: str = format_filename(filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return _("Could not open file {filename!r}: {message}").format(
+            filename=self.ui_filename, message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class Abort(RuntimeError):
+    """An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""
+
+
+class Exit(RuntimeError):
+    """An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some
+    status code.
+
+    :param code: the status code to exit with.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("exit_code",)
+
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 0) -> None:
+        self.exit_code: int = code
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..886a4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import term_len
+from .parser import _split_opt
+
+# Can force a width.  This is used by the test system
+FORCED_WIDTH: int | None = None
+
+
+def measure_table(rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    widths: dict[int, int] = {}
+
+    for row in rows:
+        for idx, col in enumerate(row):
+            widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
+
+    return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
+
+
+def iter_rows(
+    rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]], col_count: int
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, ...]]:
+    for row in rows:
+        yield row + ("",) * (col_count - len(row))
+
+
+def wrap_text(
+    text: str,
+    width: int = 78,
+    initial_indent: str = "",
+    subsequent_indent: str = "",
+    preserve_paragraphs: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """A helper function that intelligently wraps text.  By default, it
+    assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
+    `preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
+    handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
+
+    If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
+    line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
+    no rewrapping should happen in that block.
+
+    :param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
+    :param width: the maximum width for the text.
+    :param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
+                           first line as a string.
+    :param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
+                              each consecutive line.
+    :param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
+                                intelligently handle paragraphs.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Width is measured in visible characters. ANSI escape sequences in
+        ``text``, ``initial_indent``, or ``subsequent_indent`` no longer
+        count toward the width budget, so styled input wraps based on what
+        the user sees instead of raw byte length.
+    """
+    from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
+
+    text = text.expandtabs()
+    wrapper = TextWrapper(
+        width,
+        initial_indent=initial_indent,
+        subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
+        replace_whitespace=False,
+    )
+    if not preserve_paragraphs:
+        return wrapper.fill(text)
+
+    p: list[tuple[int, bool, str]] = []
+    buf: list[str] = []
+    indent = None
+
+    def _flush_par() -> None:
+        if not buf:
+            return
+        if buf[0].strip() == "\b":
+            p.append((indent or 0, True, "\n".join(buf[1:])))
+        else:
+            p.append((indent or 0, False, " ".join(buf)))
+        del buf[:]
+
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        if not line:
+            _flush_par()
+            indent = None
+        else:
+            if indent is None:
+                orig_len = term_len(line)
+                line = line.lstrip()
+                indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
+            buf.append(line)
+    _flush_par()
+
+    rv = []
+    for indent, raw, text in p:
+        with wrapper.extra_indent(" " * indent):
+            if raw:
+                rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
+            else:
+                rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
+
+    return "\n\n".join(rv)
+
+
+class HelpFormatter:
+    """This class helps with formatting text-based help pages.  It's
+    usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
+    exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
+
+    At present, it always writes into memory.
+
+    :param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
+    :param width: the width for the text.  This defaults to the terminal
+                  width clamped to a maximum of 78.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        indent_increment: int = 2,
+        width: int | None = None,
+        max_width: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.indent_increment = indent_increment
+        if max_width is None:
+            max_width = 80
+        if width is None:
+            import shutil
+
+            width = FORCED_WIDTH
+            if width is None:
+                width = max(min(shutil.get_terminal_size().columns, max_width) - 2, 50)
+        self.width = width
+        self.current_indent: int = 0
+        self.buffer: list[str] = []
+
+    def write(self, string: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
+        self.buffer.append(string)
+
+    def indent(self) -> None:
+        """Increases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
+
+    def dedent(self) -> None:
+        """Decreases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
+
+    def write_usage(self, prog: str, args: str = "", prefix: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Writes a usage line into the buffer.
+
+        :param prog: the program name.
+        :param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
+        :param prefix: The prefix for the first line. Defaults to
+            ``"Usage: "``.
+        """
+        if prefix is None:
+            prefix = "{usage} ".format(usage=_("Usage:"))
+
+        usage_prefix = f"{prefix:>{self.current_indent}}{prog} "
+        text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
+
+        if not args:
+            # Without args, the prefix's trailing space and the wrap_text
+            # call that would normally place args on the line are both
+            # unnecessary. Emit just the prefix line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix.rstrip(" "))
+            self.write("\n")
+            return
+
+        if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
+            # The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
+            indent = " " * term_len(usage_prefix)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args,
+                    text_width,
+                    initial_indent=usage_prefix,
+                    subsequent_indent=indent,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            # The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix)
+            self.write("\n")
+            indent = " " * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args, text_width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_heading(self, heading: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a heading into the buffer."""
+        self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{heading}:\n")
+
+    def write_paragraph(self) -> None:
+        """Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
+        if self.buffer:
+            self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Writes re-indented text into the buffer.  This rewraps and
+        preserves paragraphs.
+        """
+        indent = " " * self.current_indent
+        self.write(
+            wrap_text(
+                text,
+                self.width,
+                initial_indent=indent,
+                subsequent_indent=indent,
+                preserve_paragraphs=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_dl(
+        self,
+        rows: cabc.Sequence[tuple[str, str]],
+        col_max: int = 30,
+        col_spacing: int = 2,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Writes a definition list into the buffer.  This is how options
+        and commands are usually formatted.
+
+        :param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
+        :param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
+        :param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
+                            second column.
+        """
+        rows = list(rows)
+        widths = measure_table(rows)
+        if len(widths) != 2:
+            raise TypeError("Expected two columns for definition list")
+
+        first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
+
+        for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
+            self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{first}")
+            if not second:
+                self.write("\n")
+                continue
+            if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
+                self.write(" " * (first_col - term_len(first)))
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+                self.write(" " * (first_col + self.current_indent))
+
+            text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
+            wrapped_text = wrap_text(second, text_width, preserve_paragraphs=True)
+            lines = wrapped_text.splitlines()
+
+            if lines:
+                self.write(f"{lines[0]}\n")
+
+                for line in lines[1:]:
+                    self.write(f"{'':>{first_col + self.current_indent}}{line}\n")
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def section(self, name: str) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        """Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
+        and the indents.
+
+        :param name: the section name that is written as heading.
+        """
+        self.write_paragraph()
+        self.write_heading(name)
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def indentation(self) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        """A context manager that increases the indentation."""
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    def getvalue(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the buffer contents."""
+        return "".join(self.buffer)
+
+
+def join_options(options: cabc.Sequence[str]) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+    """Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
+    way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
+    any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
+    indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
+    """
+    rv = []
+    any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+    for opt in options:
+        prefix = _split_opt(opt)[0]
+
+        if prefix == "/":
+            any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+        rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
+
+    rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+    return ", ".join(x[1] for x in rv), any_prefix_is_slash
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f9172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from threading import local
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Context
+
+_local = local()
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: t.Literal[False] = False) -> Context: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = ...) -> Context | None: ...
+
+
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = False) -> Context | None:
+    """Returns the current click context.  This can be used as a way to
+    access the current context object from anywhere.  This is a more implicit
+    alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator.  This function is
+    primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
+    interested in changing its behavior based on the current context.
+
+    To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+    :param silent: if set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
+                   is available.  The default behavior is to raise a
+                   :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return t.cast("Context", _local.stack[-1])
+    except (AttributeError, IndexError) as e:
+        if not silent:
+            raise RuntimeError("There is no active click context.") from e
+
+    return None
+
+
+def push_context(ctx: Context) -> None:
+    """Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
+    _local.__dict__.setdefault("stack", []).append(ctx)
+
+
+def pop_context() -> None:
+    """Removes the top level from the stack."""
+    _local.stack.pop()
+
+
+def resolve_color_default(color: bool | None = None) -> bool | None:
+    """Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag.  If a
+    value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
+    the current context.
+    """
+    if color is not None:
+        return color
+
+    ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
+
+    if ctx is not None:
+        return ctx.color
+
+    return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fcbf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+"""
+This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
+optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
+optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
+instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
+
+The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
+
+The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
+is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
+generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
+and might cause us issues.
+
+Click uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and maintained
+by the Python Software Foundation. This is limited to code in parser.py.
+
+Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
+Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+"""
+
+# This code uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and
+# maintained by the Python Software Foundation.
+# Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward
+# Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from collections import deque
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._utils import FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+from ._utils import UNSET
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._utils import T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+    from ._utils import T_UNSET
+    from .core import Argument as CoreArgument
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Option as CoreOption
+    from .core import Parameter as CoreParameter
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _unpack_args(
+    args: cabc.Sequence[str], nargs_spec: cabc.Sequence[int]
+) -> tuple[cabc.Sequence[str | cabc.Sequence[str | T_UNSET] | T_UNSET], list[str]]:
+    """Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
+    it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
+    and all remaining arguments as the second.
+
+    The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
+    or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
+
+    Missing items are filled with ``UNSET``.
+    """
+    args = deque(args)
+    nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
+    rv: list[str | tuple[str | T_UNSET, ...] | T_UNSET] = []
+    spos: int | None = None
+
+    def _fetch(c: deque[str]) -> str | T_UNSET:
+        try:
+            if spos is None:
+                return c.popleft()
+            else:
+                return c.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            return UNSET
+
+    while nargs_spec:
+        if spos is None:
+            nargs = nargs_spec.popleft()
+        else:
+            nargs = nargs_spec.pop()
+
+        if nargs == 1:
+            rv.append(_fetch(args))
+        elif nargs > 1:
+            x: list[str | T_UNSET] = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
+
+            # If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
+            # so we need to turn them around.
+            if spos is not None:
+                x.reverse()
+
+            rv.append(tuple(x))
+        elif nargs < 0:
+            if spos is not None:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot have two nargs < 0")
+
+            spos = len(rv)
+            rv.append(UNSET)
+
+    # spos is the position of the wildcard (star).  If it's not `None`,
+    # we fill it with the remainder.
+    if spos is not None:
+        rv[spos] = tuple(args)
+        args = []
+        rv[spos + 1 :] = reversed(rv[spos + 1 :])
+
+    return tuple(rv), list(args)
+
+
+def _split_opt(opt: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    first = opt[:1]
+    if first.isalnum():
+        return "", opt
+    if opt[1:2] == first:
+        return opt[:2], opt[2:]
+    return first, opt[1:]
+
+
+def _normalize_opt(opt: str, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+    if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
+        return opt
+    prefix, opt = _split_opt(opt)
+    return f"{prefix}{ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)}"
+
+
+class _Option:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: CoreOption,
+        opts: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        dest: str | None,
+        action: str | None = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Any | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._short_opts = []
+        self._long_opts = []
+        self.prefixes: set[str] = set()
+
+        for opt in opts:
+            prefix, value = _split_opt(opt)
+            if not prefix:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    _("Invalid start character for option ({option})").format(
+                        option=opt
+                    )
+                )
+            self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
+            if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
+                self._short_opts.append(opt)
+            else:
+                self._long_opts.append(opt)
+                self.prefixes.add(prefix)
+
+        if action is None:
+            action = "store"
+
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.action = action
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.const = const
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    @property
+    def takes_value(self) -> bool:
+        return self.action in ("store", "append")
+
+    def process(self, value: t.Any, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        if self.action == "store":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "store_const":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = self.const  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append_const":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "count":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"unknown action '{self.action}'")
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class _Argument:
+    def __init__(self, obj: CoreArgument, dest: str | None, nargs: int = 1):
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    def process(
+        self,
+        value: str | cabc.Sequence[str | T_UNSET] | T_UNSET,
+        state: _ParsingState,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.nargs > 1:
+            assert isinstance(value, cabc.Sequence)
+            holes = sum(x is UNSET for x in value)
+            if holes == len(value):
+                value = UNSET
+            elif holes != 0:
+                raise BadArgumentUsage(
+                    _("Argument {name!r} takes {nargs} values.").format(
+                        name=self.dest, nargs=self.nargs
+                    )
+                )
+
+        # We failed to collect any argument value so we consider the argument as unset.
+        if value == ():
+            value = UNSET
+
+        state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class _ParsingState:
+    def __init__(self, rargs: list[str]) -> None:
+        self.opts: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.largs: list[str] = []
+        self.rargs = rargs
+        self.order: list[CoreParameter] = []
+
+
+class _OptionParser:
+    """The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
+    parse options and arguments.  It's modelled after optparse and brings
+    a similar but vastly simplified API.  It should generally not be used
+    directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
+
+    It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
+    implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
+    types or defaults).
+
+    :param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
+                should go with.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: Context | None = None) -> None:
+        #: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser.  This might be
+        #: `None` for some advanced use cases.
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        #: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
+        #: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
+        #: non-option.  Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
+        #: safely.
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = True
+        #: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options.  By
+        #: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
+        #: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
+        #: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = False
+
+        if ctx is not None:
+            self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
+            self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        self._short_opt: dict[str, _Option] = {}
+        self._long_opt: dict[str, _Option] = {}
+        self._opt_prefixes = {"-", "--"}
+        self._args: list[_Argument] = []
+
+    def add_option(
+        self,
+        obj: CoreOption,
+        opts: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        dest: str | None,
+        action: str | None = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Any | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser.  The destination
+        is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
+        provided.  Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
+        ``append``, ``append_const`` or ``count``.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        opts = [_normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
+        option = _Option(obj, opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs, const=const)
+        self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
+        for opt in option._short_opts:
+            self._short_opt[opt] = option
+        for opt in option._long_opts:
+            self._long_opt[opt] = option
+
+    def add_argument(self, obj: CoreArgument, dest: str | None, nargs: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        self._args.append(_Argument(obj, dest=dest, nargs=nargs))
+
+    def parse_args(
+        self, args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, t.Any], list[str], list[CoreParameter]]:
+        """Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
+        for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
+        arguments if there are any.  The order is a list of objects as they
+        appear on the command line.  If arguments appear multiple times they
+        will be memorized multiple times as well.
+        """
+        state = _ParsingState(args)
+        try:
+            self._process_args_for_options(state)
+            self._process_args_for_args(state)
+        except UsageError:
+            if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                raise
+        return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
+
+    def _process_args_for_args(self, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        pargs, args = _unpack_args(
+            state.largs + state.rargs, [x.nargs for x in self._args]
+        )
+
+        for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
+            arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
+
+        state.largs = args
+        state.rargs = []
+
+    def _process_args_for_options(self, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        while state.rargs:
+            arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
+            arglen = len(arg)
+            # Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
+            # prefixes are valid.
+            if arg == "--":
+                return
+            elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
+                self._process_opts(arg, state)
+            elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
+                state.largs.append(arg)
+            else:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
+                return
+
+        # Say this is the original argument list:
+        # [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #                            ^
+        # (we are about to process arg(i)).
+        #
+        # Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
+        # [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
+        # been removed from largs).
+        #
+        # The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
+        # If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
+        # then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
+        #
+        #   largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
+        #   rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #
+        # If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
+        # *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
+        # not a very interesting subset!
+
+    def _match_long_opt(
+        self, opt: str, explicit_value: str | None, state: _ParsingState
+    ) -> None:
+        if opt not in self._long_opt:
+            raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=self._long_opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+
+        option = self._long_opt[opt]
+        if option.takes_value:
+            # At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
+            # explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
+            # branch.  This means that the inserted value will be fully
+            # consumed.
+            if explicit_value is not None:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
+
+            value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+        elif explicit_value is not None:
+            raise BadOptionUsage(
+                opt, _("Option {name!r} does not take a value.").format(name=opt)
+            )
+
+        else:
+            value = UNSET
+
+        option.process(value, state)
+
+    def _match_short_opt(self, arg: str, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        stop = False
+        i = 1
+        prefix = arg[0]
+        unknown_options = []
+
+        for ch in arg[1:]:
+            opt = _normalize_opt(f"{prefix}{ch}", self.ctx)
+            option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
+            i += 1
+
+            if not option:
+                if self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                    unknown_options.append(ch)
+                    continue
+                raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+            if option.takes_value:
+                # Any characters left in arg?  Pretend they're the
+                # next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
+                if i < len(arg):
+                    state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
+                    stop = True
+
+                value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+            else:
+                value = UNSET
+
+            option.process(value, state)
+
+            if stop:
+                break
+
+        # If we got any unknown options we recombine the string of the
+        # remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
+        # to the state as new large.  This way there is basic combinatorics
+        # that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
+        if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
+            state.largs.append(f"{prefix}{''.join(unknown_options)}")
+
+    def _get_value_from_state(
+        self, option_name: str, option: _Option, state: _ParsingState
+    ) -> str | cabc.Sequence[str] | T_UNSET | T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE:
+        nargs = option.nargs
+
+        value: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | T_UNSET | T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+
+        if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
+            if option.obj._flag_needs_value:
+                # Option allows omitting the value.
+                value = FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+            else:
+                raise BadOptionUsage(
+                    option_name,
+                    ngettext(
+                        "Option {name!r} requires an argument.",
+                        "Option {name!r} requires {nargs} arguments.",
+                        nargs,
+                    ).format(name=option_name, nargs=nargs),
+                )
+        elif nargs == 1:
+            next_rarg = state.rargs[0]
+
+            if (
+                option.obj._flag_needs_value
+                and isinstance(next_rarg, str)
+                and next_rarg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes
+                and len(next_rarg) > 1
+            ):
+                # The next arg looks like the start of an option, don't
+                # use it as the value if omitting the value is allowed.
+                value = FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+            else:
+                value = state.rargs.pop(0)
+        else:
+            value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
+            del state.rargs[:nargs]
+
+        return value
+
+    def _process_opts(self, arg: str, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        explicit_value = None
+        # Long option handling happens in two parts.  The first part is
+        # supporting explicitly attached values.  In any case, we will try
+        # to long match the option first.
+        if "=" in arg:
+            long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split("=", 1)
+        else:
+            long_opt = arg
+        norm_long_opt = _normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
+
+        # At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
+        # the long option matching code.  Note that this allows options
+        # like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
+        try:
+            self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
+        except NoSuchOption:
+            # At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
+            # to try with short options.  However there is a special rule
+            # which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
+            # (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
+            # short option code and will instead raise the no option
+            # error.
+            if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
+                self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
+                return
+
+            if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                raise
+
+            state.largs.append(arg)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name in {
+        "OptionParser",
+        "Argument",
+        "Option",
+        "split_opt",
+        "normalize_opt",
+        "ParsingState",
+    }:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"'parser.{name}' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0."
+            " The old parser is available in 'optparse'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return globals()[f"_{name}"]
+
+    if name == "split_arg_string":
+        from .shell_completion import split_arg_string
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Importing 'parser.split_arg_string' is deprecated, it will only be"
+            " available in 'shell_completion' in Click 9.0.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return split_arg_string
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b01e290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import re
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource
+from .utils import echo
+
+
+def shell_complete(
+    cli: Command,
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    complete_var: str,
+    instruction: str,
+) -> int:
+    """Perform shell completion for the given CLI program.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param ctx_args: Extra arguments to pass to
+        ``cli.make_context``.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+    :param instruction: Value of ``complete_var`` with the completion
+        instruction and shell, in the form ``instruction_shell``.
+    :return: Status code to exit with.
+    """
+    shell, _, instruction = instruction.partition("_")
+    comp_cls = get_completion_class(shell)
+
+    if comp_cls is None:
+        return 1
+
+    comp = comp_cls(cli, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+    # Write bytes, otherwise Windows text stdout translates LF to CRLF and breaks.
+    if instruction == "source":
+        echo(comp.source().encode(), nl=False)
+        return 0
+
+    if instruction == "complete":
+        echo(comp.complete().encode())
+        return 0
+
+    return 1
+
+
+class CompletionItem:
+    """Represents a completion value and metadata about the value. The
+    default metadata is ``type`` to indicate special shell handling,
+    and ``help`` if a shell supports showing a help string next to the
+    value.
+
+    Arbitrary parameters can be passed when creating the object, and
+    accessed using ``item.attr``. If an attribute wasn't passed,
+    accessing it returns ``None``.
+
+    :param value: The completion suggestion.
+    :param type: Tells the shell script to provide special completion
+        support for the type. Click uses ``"dir"`` and ``"file"``.
+    :param help: String shown next to the value if supported.
+    :param kwargs: Arbitrary metadata. The built-in implementations
+        don't use this, but custom type completions paired with custom
+        shell support could use it.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("value", "type", "help", "_info")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        type: str = "plain",
+        help: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.value: t.Any = value
+        self.type: str = type
+        self.help: str | None = help
+        self._info = kwargs
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return self._info.get(name)
+
+
+# Only Bash >= 4.4 has the nosort option.
+_SOURCE_BASH = """\
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local IFS=$'\\n'
+    local response
+
+    response=$(env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \
+%(complete_var)s=bash_complete $1)
+
+    for completion in $response; do
+        IFS=',' read type value <<< "$completion"
+
+        if [[ $type == 'dir' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o dirnames
+        elif [[ $type == 'file' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o default
+        elif [[ $type == 'plain' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY+=($value)
+        fi
+    done
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup() {
+    complete -o nosort -F %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup;
+"""
+
+# See ZshComplete.format_completion below, and issue #2703, before
+# changing this script.
+#
+# (TL;DR: _describe is picky about the format, but this Zsh script snippet
+# is already widely deployed.  So freeze this script, and use clever-ish
+# handling of colons in ZshComplet.format_completion.)
+_SOURCE_ZSH = """\
+#compdef %(prog_name)s
+
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local -a completions
+    local -a completions_with_descriptions
+    local -a response
+    (( ! $+commands[%(prog_name)s] )) && return 1
+
+    response=("${(@f)$(env COMP_WORDS="${words[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \
+%(complete_var)s=zsh_complete %(prog_name)s)}")
+
+    for type key descr in ${response}; do
+        if [[ "$type" == "plain" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then
+                completions+=("$key")
+            else
+                completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr")
+            fi
+        elif [[ "$type" == "dir" ]]; then
+            _path_files -/
+        elif [[ "$type" == "file" ]]; then
+            _path_files -f
+        fi
+    done
+
+    if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then
+        _describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "$completions" ]; then
+        compadd -U -V unsorted -a completions
+    fi
+}
+
+if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+    # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+    %(complete_func)s "$@"
+else
+    # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+    compdef %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+fi
+"""
+
+_SOURCE_FISH = """\
+function %(complete_func)s;
+    set -l response (env %(complete_var)s=fish_complete COMP_WORDS=(commandline -cp) \
+COMP_CWORD=(commandline -t) %(prog_name)s);
+
+    for completion in $response;
+        set -l metadata (string split \n $completion);
+
+        if test $metadata[1] = "dir";
+            __fish_complete_directories $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "file";
+            __fish_complete_path $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "plain";
+            if test $metadata[3] != "_";
+                echo $metadata[2]\t$metadata[3];
+            else;
+                echo $metadata[2];
+            end;
+        end;
+    end;
+end;
+
+complete --no-files --command %(prog_name)s --arguments \
+"(%(complete_func)s)";
+"""
+
+
+class ShellComplete:
+    """Base class for providing shell completion support. A subclass for
+    a given shell will override attributes and methods to implement the
+    completion instructions (``source`` and ``complete``).
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Name to register the shell as with :func:`add_completion_class`.
+    This is used in completion instructions (``{name}_source`` and
+    ``{name}_complete``).
+    """
+
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Completion script template formatted by :meth:`source`. This must
+    be provided by subclasses.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cli: Command,
+        ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cli = cli
+        self.ctx_args = ctx_args
+        self.prog_name = prog_name
+        self.complete_var = complete_var
+
+    @property
+    def func_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the shell function defined by the completion
+        script.
+        """
+        safe_name = re.sub(r"\W*", "", self.prog_name.replace("-", "_"), flags=re.ASCII)
+        return f"_{safe_name}_completion"
+
+    def source_vars(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Vars for formatting :attr:`source_template`.
+
+        By default this provides ``complete_func``, ``complete_var``,
+        and ``prog_name``.
+        """
+        return {
+            "complete_func": self.func_name,
+            "complete_var": self.complete_var,
+            "prog_name": self.prog_name,
+        }
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the shell script that defines the completion
+        function. By default this ``%``-style formats
+        :attr:`source_template` with the dict returned by
+        :meth:`source_vars`.
+        """
+        return self.source_template % self.source_vars()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        """Use the env vars defined by the shell script to return a
+        tuple of ``args, incomplete``. This must be implemented by
+        subclasses.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_completions(self, args: list[str], incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Determine the context and last complete command or parameter
+        from the complete args. Call that object's ``shell_complete``
+        method to get the completions for the incomplete value.
+
+        :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+        """
+        ctx = _resolve_context(self.cli, self.ctx_args, self.prog_name, args)
+        obj, incomplete = _resolve_incomplete(ctx, args, incomplete)
+        return obj.shell_complete(ctx, incomplete)
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        """Format a completion item into the form recognized by the
+        shell script. This must be implemented by subclasses.
+
+        :param item: Completion item to format.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def complete(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the completion data to send back to the shell.
+
+        By default this calls :meth:`get_completion_args`, gets the
+        completions, then calls :meth:`format_completion` for each
+        completion.
+        """
+        args, incomplete = self.get_completion_args()
+        completions = self.get_completions(args, incomplete)
+        out = [self.format_completion(item) for item in completions]
+        return "\n".join(out)
+
+
+class BashComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Bash."""
+
+    name = "bash"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_BASH
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_version() -> None:
+        import shutil
+        import subprocess
+
+        bash_exe = shutil.which("bash")
+
+        if bash_exe is None:
+            match = None
+        else:
+            output = subprocess.run(
+                [bash_exe, "--norc", "-c", 'echo "${BASH_VERSION}"'],
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            )
+            match = re.search(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.\d+", output.stdout.decode())
+
+        if match is not None:
+            major, minor = match.groups()
+
+            if major < "4" or major == "4" and minor < "4":
+                echo(
+                    _(
+                        "Shell completion is not supported for Bash"
+                        " versions older than 4.4."
+                    ),
+                    err=True,
+                )
+        else:
+            echo(
+                _("Couldn't detect Bash version, shell completion is not supported."),
+                err=True,
+            )
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        self._check_version()
+        return super().source()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        return f"{item.type},{item.value}"
+
+
+class ZshComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Zsh."""
+
+    name = "zsh"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_ZSH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        help_ = item.help or "_"
+        # The zsh completion script uses `_describe` on items with help
+        # texts (which splits the item help from the item value at the
+        # first unescaped colon) and `compadd` on items without help
+        # text (which uses the item value as-is and does not support
+        # colon escaping).  So escape colons in the item value if and
+        # only if the item help is not the sentinel "_" value, as used
+        # by the completion script.
+        #
+        # (The zsh completion script is potentially widely deployed, and
+        # thus harder to fix than this method.)
+        #
+        # See issue #1812 and issue #2703 for further context.
+        value = item.value.replace(":", r"\:") if help_ != "_" else item.value
+        return f"{item.type}\n{value}\n{help_}"
+
+
+class FishComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Fish."""
+
+    name = "fish"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_FISH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        incomplete = os.environ["COMP_CWORD"]
+        if incomplete:
+            incomplete = split_arg_string(incomplete)[0]
+        args = cwords[1:]
+
+        # Fish stores the partial word in both COMP_WORDS and
+        # COMP_CWORD, remove it from complete args.
+        if incomplete and args and args[-1] == incomplete:
+            args.pop()
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        """
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+            Escape newlines in value and help to fix completion errors with
+            multi-line help strings.
+        """
+        # The fish completion script splits each response line on literal
+        # newlines, so any newline in the value or help would corrupt the
+        # frame. Replace them with the two-character escape "\n" so the text
+        # round-trips through fish without breaking the format. The "_"
+        # sentinel for missing help mirrors :class:`ZshComplete`.
+        help_ = item.help or "_"
+        value = item.value.replace("\n", r"\n")
+        help_escaped = help_.replace("\n", r"\n")
+        return f"{item.type}\n{value}\n{help_escaped}"
+
+
+ShellCompleteType = t.TypeVar("ShellCompleteType", bound="type[ShellComplete]")
+
+
+_available_shells: dict[str, type[ShellComplete]] = {
+    "bash": BashComplete,
+    "fish": FishComplete,
+    "zsh": ZshComplete,
+}
+
+
+def add_completion_class(
+    cls: ShellCompleteType, name: str | None = None
+) -> ShellCompleteType:
+    """Register a :class:`ShellComplete` subclass under the given name.
+    The name will be provided by the completion instruction environment
+    variable during completion.
+
+    :param cls: The completion class that will handle completion for the
+        shell.
+    :param name: Name to register the class under. Defaults to the
+        class's ``name`` attribute.
+    """
+    if name is None:
+        name = cls.name
+
+    _available_shells[name] = cls
+
+    return cls
+
+
+def get_completion_class(shell: str) -> type[ShellComplete] | None:
+    """Look up a registered :class:`ShellComplete` subclass by the name
+    provided by the completion instruction environment variable. If the
+    name isn't registered, returns ``None``.
+
+    :param shell: Name the class is registered under.
+    """
+    return _available_shells.get(shell)
+
+
+def split_arg_string(string: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Split an argument string as with :func:`shlex.split`, but don't
+    fail if the string is incomplete. Ignores a missing closing quote or
+    incomplete escape sequence and uses the partial token as-is.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        split_arg_string("example 'my file")
+        ["example", "my file"]
+
+        split_arg_string("example my\\")
+        ["example", "my"]
+
+    :param string: String to split.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Moved to ``shell_completion`` from ``parser``.
+    """
+    import shlex
+
+    lex = shlex.shlex(string, posix=True)
+    lex.whitespace_split = True
+    lex.commenters = ""
+    out = []
+
+    try:
+        for token in lex:
+            out.append(token)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Raised when end-of-string is reached in an invalid state. Use
+        # the partial token as-is. The quote or escape character is in
+        # lex.state, not lex.token.
+        out.append(lex.token)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_argument(ctx: Context, param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an argument that can still
+    accept values.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by the
+        parsed complete args.
+    :param param: Argument object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Argument):
+        return False
+
+    value = ctx.params.get(param.name)
+    return (
+        param.nargs == -1
+        or ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name) is not ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+        or (
+            param.nargs > 1
+            and isinstance(value, (tuple, list))
+            and len(value) < param.nargs
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _start_of_option(ctx: Context, value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value looks like the start of an option."""
+    if not value:
+        return False
+
+    c = value[0]
+    return c in ctx._opt_prefixes
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_option(ctx: Context, args: list[str], param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an option that needs a value.
+
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param param: Option object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Option):
+        return False
+
+    if param.is_flag or param.count:
+        return False
+
+    last_option = None
+
+    for index, arg in enumerate(reversed(args)):
+        if index + 1 > param.nargs:
+            break
+
+        if _start_of_option(ctx, arg):
+            last_option = arg
+            break
+
+    return last_option is not None and last_option in param.opts
+
+
+def _resolve_context(
+    cli: Command,
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    args: list[str],
+) -> Context:
+    """Produce the context hierarchy starting with the command and
+    traversing the complete arguments. This only follows the commands,
+    it doesn't trigger input prompts or callbacks.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    """
+    ctx_args["resilient_parsing"] = True
+    with cli.make_context(prog_name, args.copy(), **ctx_args) as ctx:
+        args = ctx._protected_args + ctx.args
+
+        while args:
+            command = ctx.command
+
+            if isinstance(command, Group):
+                if not command.chain:
+                    name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                    if cmd is None:
+                        return ctx
+
+                    with cmd.make_context(
+                        name, args, parent=ctx, resilient_parsing=True
+                    ) as sub_ctx:
+                        ctx = sub_ctx
+                        args = ctx._protected_args + ctx.args
+                else:
+                    sub_ctx = ctx
+
+                    while args:
+                        name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                        if cmd is None:
+                            return ctx
+
+                        with cmd.make_context(
+                            name,
+                            args,
+                            parent=ctx,
+                            allow_extra_args=True,
+                            allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                            resilient_parsing=True,
+                        ) as sub_sub_ctx:
+                            sub_ctx = sub_sub_ctx
+                            args = sub_ctx.args
+
+                    ctx = sub_ctx
+                    args = [*sub_ctx._protected_args, *sub_ctx.args]
+            else:
+                break
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+def _resolve_incomplete(
+    ctx: Context, args: list[str], incomplete: str
+) -> tuple[Command | Parameter, str]:
+    """Find the Click object that will handle the completion of the
+    incomplete value. Return the object and the incomplete value.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by
+        the parsed complete args.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    # Different shells treat an "=" between a long option name and
+    # value differently. Might keep the value joined, return the "="
+    # as a separate item, or return the split name and value. Always
+    # split and discard the "=" to make completion easier.
+    if incomplete == "=":
+        incomplete = ""
+    elif "=" in incomplete and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        name, _, incomplete = incomplete.partition("=")
+        args.append(name)
+
+    # The "--" marker tells Click to stop treating values as options
+    # even if they start with the option character. If it hasn't been
+    # given and the incomplete arg looks like an option, the current
+    # command will provide option name completions.
+    if "--" not in args and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        return ctx.command, incomplete
+
+    params = ctx.command.get_params(ctx)
+
+    # If the last complete arg is an option name with an incomplete
+    # value, the option will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_option(ctx, args, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # It's not an option name or value. The first argument without a
+    # parsed value will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_argument(ctx, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # There were no unparsed arguments, the command may be a group that
+    # will provide command name completions.
+    return ctx.command, incomplete
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ef6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py
@@ -0,0 +1,941 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import inspect
+import io
+import itertools
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import redirect_stdout
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .types import Choice
+from .types import convert_type
+from .types import ParamType
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import LazyFile
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+# The prompt functions to use.  The doc tools currently override these
+# functions to customize how they work.
+visible_prompt_func: t.Callable[[str], str] = input
+
+_ansi_colors = {
+    "black": 30,
+    "red": 31,
+    "green": 32,
+    "yellow": 33,
+    "blue": 34,
+    "magenta": 35,
+    "cyan": 36,
+    "white": 37,
+    "reset": 39,
+    "bright_black": 90,
+    "bright_red": 91,
+    "bright_green": 92,
+    "bright_yellow": 93,
+    "bright_blue": 94,
+    "bright_magenta": 95,
+    "bright_cyan": 96,
+    "bright_white": 97,
+}
+_ansi_reset_all = "\033[0m"
+
+
+_HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK = "'***'"
+
+
+def _mask_hidden_input(message: str, value: str) -> str:
+    """Replace occurrences of ``value`` in ``message`` with a fixed mask.
+
+    Both ``repr(value)`` (the form built-in :class:`ParamType` errors use
+    via ``{value!r}``) and the raw value are masked. The raw-value pass
+    uses word-boundary lookarounds so a substring like ``"1"`` does not
+    match inside ``"10"``, and ``"ent"`` does not match inside
+    ``"Authentication"``. The empty string is skipped to avoid matching
+    at every boundary.
+    """
+    message = message.replace(repr(value), _HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK)
+    if value:
+        message = re.sub(
+            rf"(?<!\w){re.escape(value)}(?!\w)", _HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK, message
+        )
+    return message
+
+
+def hidden_prompt_func(prompt: str) -> str:
+    import getpass
+
+    return getpass.getpass(prompt)
+
+
+def _readline_prompt(func: t.Callable[[str], str], text: str, err: bool) -> str:
+    """Call a prompt function, passing the full prompt on non-Windows so
+    readline can handle line editing and cursor positioning correctly.
+
+    On Windows the prompt is written separately via :func:`echo` for
+    colorama support, with only the last character passed to *func*.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice coloring
+        # through colorama on Windows.
+        echo(text[:-1], nl=False, err=err)
+        # Echo the last character to stdout to work around an issue
+        # where readline causes backspace to clear the whole line.
+        return func(text[-1:])
+    if err:
+        with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):
+            return func(text)
+    return func(text)
+
+
+def _build_prompt(
+    text: str,
+    suffix: str,
+    show_default: bool | str = False,
+    default: t.Any | None = None,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+    type: ParamType[t.Any] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    prompt = text
+    if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice):
+        prompt += f" ({', '.join(map(str, type.choices))})"
+    if isinstance(show_default, str):
+        default = f"({show_default})"
+    if default is not None and show_default:
+        prompt = f"{prompt} [{_format_default(default)}]"
+    return f"{prompt}{suffix}"
+
+
+def _format_default(default: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    if isinstance(default, (io.IOBase, LazyFile)) and hasattr(default, "name"):
+        return default.name
+
+    return default
+
+
+def prompt(
+    text: str,
+    default: t.Any | None = None,
+    hide_input: bool = False,
+    confirmation_prompt: bool | str = False,
+    type: ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+    value_proc: t.Callable[[str], t.Any] | None = None,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool | str = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+) -> t.Any:
+    """Prompts a user for input.  This is a convenience function that can
+    be used to prompt a user for input later.
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending an interrupt signal, this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the text to show for the prompt.
+    :param default: the default value to use if no input happens.  If this
+                    is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
+    :param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
+                       be hidden.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value. Can be set to a string instead of ``True`` to customize
+        the message.
+    :param type: the type to use to check the value against.
+    :param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
+                       is invoked instead of the type conversion to
+                       convert a value.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+                         If this value is a string, it shows that string
+                         in parentheses instead of the actual value.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    :param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice.
+                         For example if type is a Choice of either day or week,
+                         show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the
+                         prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ".
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+        ``show_default`` can be a string to show a custom value instead
+        of the actual default, matching the help text behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.1
+        A space is no longer appended to the prompt.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        ``confirmation_prompt`` can be a custom string.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 7.0
+        Added the ``show_choices`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+        Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    """
+
+    def prompt_func(text: str) -> str:
+        f = hidden_prompt_func if hide_input else visible_prompt_func
+        try:
+            return _readline_prompt(f, text, err)
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            # getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
+            # Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
+            # A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
+            if hide_input:
+                echo(None, err=err)
+            raise Abort() from None
+
+    if value_proc is None:
+        value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
+
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type
+    )
+
+    if confirmation_prompt:
+        if confirmation_prompt is True:
+            confirmation_prompt = _("Repeat for confirmation")
+
+        confirmation_prompt = _build_prompt(confirmation_prompt, prompt_suffix)
+
+    while True:
+        while True:
+            value = prompt_func(prompt)
+            if value:
+                break
+            elif default is not None:
+                value = default
+                break
+        try:
+            result = value_proc(value)
+        except UsageError as e:
+            message = _mask_hidden_input(e.message, value) if hide_input else e.message
+            echo(_("Error: {message}").format(message=message), err=err)
+            continue
+        if not confirmation_prompt:
+            return result
+        while True:
+            value2 = prompt_func(confirmation_prompt)
+            is_empty = not value and not value2
+            if value2 or is_empty:
+                break
+        if value == value2:
+            return result
+        echo(_("Error: The two entered values do not match."), err=err)
+
+
+def confirm(
+    text: str,
+    default: bool | None = False,
+    abort: bool = False,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the question to ask.
+    :param default: The default value to use when no input is given. If
+        ``None``, repeat until input is given.
+    :param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
+                  exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.1
+        A space is no longer appended to the prompt.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Repeat until input is given if ``default`` is ``None``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+    """
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text,
+        prompt_suffix,
+        show_default,
+        "y/n" if default is None else ("Y/n" if default else "y/N"),
+    )
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            value = _readline_prompt(visible_prompt_func, prompt, err).lower().strip()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            raise Abort() from None
+        if value in ("y", "yes"):
+            rv = True
+        elif value in ("n", "no"):
+            rv = False
+        elif default is not None and value == "":
+            rv = default
+        else:
+            echo(_("Error: invalid input"), err=err)
+            continue
+        break
+    if abort and not rv:
+        raise Abort()
+    return rv
+
+
+def get_pager_file(
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> t.ContextManager[t.TextIO]:
+    """Context manager.
+
+    Yields a writable file-like object which can be used as an output pager.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import get_pager_file
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+    return get_pager_file(color=color)
+
+
+def echo_via_pager(
+    text_or_generator: cabc.Iterable[str] | t.Callable[[], cabc.Iterable[str]] | str,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
+    pager on stdout.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+       Added the `color` flag.
+
+    :param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a
+                              generator emitting the text to page.
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+
+    if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator):
+        i = t.cast("t.Callable[[], cabc.Iterable[str]]", text_or_generator)()
+    elif isinstance(text_or_generator, str):
+        i = [text_or_generator]
+    else:
+        i = iter(t.cast("cabc.Iterable[str]", text_or_generator))
+
+    # convert every element of i to a text type if necessary
+    text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, str) else str(el) for el in i)
+
+    with get_pager_file(color=color) as pager:
+        for text in itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"):
+            pager.write(text)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def progressbar(
+    *,
+    length: int,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[int]: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None,
+    length: int | None = None,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[V]: ...
+
+
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None,
+    length: int | None = None,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[V]:
+    """This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
+    to iterate over something while showing a progress bar.  It will
+    either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
+    up).  While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
+    progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
+    to calculate remaining time and more.  By default, this progress bar
+    will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
+
+    The context manager creates the progress bar.  When the context
+    manager is entered the progress bar is already created.  With every
+    iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
+    advanced and the bar is updated.  When the context manager exits,
+    a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
+
+    Note: The progress bar is currently designed for use cases where the
+    total progress can be expected to take at least several seconds.
+    Because of this, the ProgressBar class object won't display
+    progress that is considered too fast, and progress where the time
+    between steps is less than a second.
+
+    No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
+    destroyed.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        with progressbar(items) as bar:
+            for item in bar:
+                do_something_with(item)
+
+    Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
+    progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
+    iterating over the progress bar.  The update method accepts the number
+    of steps to increment the bar with::
+
+        with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                process_chunk(chunk)
+                bar.update(chunks.bytes)
+
+    The ``update()`` method also takes an optional value specifying the
+    ``current_item`` at the new position. This is useful when used
+    together with ``item_show_func`` to customize the output for each
+    manual step::
+
+        with click.progressbar(
+            length=total_size,
+            label='Unzipping archive',
+            item_show_func=lambda a: a.filename
+        ) as bar:
+            for archive in zip_file:
+                archive.extract()
+                bar.update(archive.size, archive)
+
+    :param iterable: an iterable to iterate over.  If not provided the length
+                     is required.
+    :param length: the number of items to iterate over.  By default the
+                   progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
+                   length, which might or might not work.  If an iterable is
+                   also provided this parameter can be used to override the
+                   length.  If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
+                   will iterate over a range of that length.
+    :param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
+    :param hidden: hide the progressbar. Defaults to ``False``. When no tty is
+        detected, it will only print the progressbar label. Setting this to
+        ``False`` also disables that.
+    :param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display.  This is
+                     automatically disabled if the length cannot be
+                     determined.
+    :param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display.  The
+                         default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
+                         `False` if not.
+    :param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display.  The
+                     default is `False`.
+    :param item_show_func: A function called with the current item which
+        can return a string to show next to the progress bar. If the
+        function returns ``None`` nothing is shown. The current item can
+        be ``None``, such as when entering and exiting the bar.
+    :param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
+                      progress bar.
+    :param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
+                       the progress bar.
+    :param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
+                         The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
+                         ``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
+                         info section.
+    :param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
+    :param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
+                  terminal width
+    :param file: The file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
+        only the label is printed.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
+                  which is not the case by default.
+    :param update_min_steps: Render only when this many updates have
+        completed. This allows tuning for very fast iterators.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+        The ``hidden`` argument.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Output is shown even if execution time is less than 0.5 seconds.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``item_show_func`` shows the current item, not the previous one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Labels are echoed if the output is not a TTY. Reverts a change
+        in 7.0 that removed all output.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+       The ``update_min_steps`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        The ``color`` parameter and ``update`` method.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+    return ProgressBar(
+        iterable=iterable,
+        length=length,
+        hidden=hidden,
+        show_eta=show_eta,
+        show_percent=show_percent,
+        show_pos=show_pos,
+        item_show_func=item_show_func,
+        fill_char=fill_char,
+        empty_char=empty_char,
+        bar_template=bar_template,
+        info_sep=info_sep,
+        file=file,
+        label=label,
+        width=width,
+        color=color,
+        update_min_steps=update_min_steps,
+    )
+
+
+def clear() -> None:
+    """Clears the terminal screen.  This will have the effect of clearing
+    the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
+    top left.  This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    # ANSI escape \033[2J clears the screen, \033[1;1H moves the cursor
+    echo("\033[2J\033[1;1H", nl=False)
+
+
+def _interpret_color(color: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str, offset: int = 0) -> str:
+    if isinstance(color, int):
+        return f"{38 + offset};5;{color:d}"
+
+    if isinstance(color, (tuple, list)):
+        r, g, b = color
+        return f"{38 + offset};2;{r:d};{g:d};{b:d}"
+
+    return str(_ansi_colors[color] + offset)
+
+
+def style(
+    text: t.Any,
+    fg: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str | None = None,
+    bg: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str | None = None,
+    bold: bool | None = None,
+    dim: bool | None = None,
+    underline: bool | None = None,
+    overline: bool | None = None,
+    italic: bool | None = None,
+    blink: bool | None = None,
+    reverse: bool | None = None,
+    strikethrough: bool | None = None,
+    reset: bool = True,
+) -> str:
+    """Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string.  By
+    default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
+    of the string a reset code is issued.  This can be prevented by
+    passing ``reset=False``.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+        click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
+        click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
+        click.echo(click.style('More colors', fg=(255, 12, 128), bg=117))
+
+    Supported color names:
+
+    * ``black`` (might be a gray)
+    * ``red``
+    * ``green``
+    * ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
+    * ``blue``
+    * ``magenta``
+    * ``cyan``
+    * ``white`` (might be light gray)
+    * ``bright_black``
+    * ``bright_red``
+    * ``bright_green``
+    * ``bright_yellow``
+    * ``bright_blue``
+    * ``bright_magenta``
+    * ``bright_cyan``
+    * ``bright_white``
+    * ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
+
+    If the terminal supports it, color may also be specified as:
+
+    -   An integer in the interval [0, 255]. The terminal must support
+        8-bit/256-color mode.
+    -   An RGB tuple of three integers in [0, 255]. The terminal must
+        support 24-bit/true-color mode.
+
+    See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_color and
+    https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728 for more information.
+
+    :param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
+    :param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
+    :param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
+    :param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
+    :param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode.  This is
+                badly supported.
+    :param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
+    :param overline: if provided this will enable or disable overline.
+    :param italic: if provided this will enable or disable italic.
+    :param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
+    :param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
+                    rendering (foreground becomes background and the
+                    other way round).
+    :param strikethrough: if provided this will enable or disable
+        striking through text.
+    :param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
+                  string which means that styles do not carry over.  This
+                  can be disabled to compose styles.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+       Added support for 256 and RGB color codes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``strikethrough``, ``italic``, and ``overline``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.0
+        Added support for bright colors.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        text = str(text)
+
+    bits = []
+
+    if fg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(fg)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(_("Unknown color {colour!r}").format(colour=fg)) from None
+
+    if bg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(bg, 10)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(_("Unknown color {colour!r}").format(colour=bg)) from None
+
+    if bold is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{1 if bold else 22}m")
+    if dim is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{2 if dim else 22}m")
+    if underline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{4 if underline else 24}m")
+    if overline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{53 if overline else 55}m")
+    if italic is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{3 if italic else 23}m")
+    if blink is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{5 if blink else 25}m")
+    if reverse is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{7 if reverse else 27}m")
+    if strikethrough is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{9 if strikethrough else 29}m")
+    bits.append(text)
+    if reset:
+        bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
+    return "".join(bits)
+
+
+def unstyle(text: str) -> str:
+    """Removes ANSI styling information from a string.  Usually it's not
+    necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
+    automatically remove styling if necessary.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param text: the text to remove style information from.
+    """
+    return strip_ansi(text)
+
+
+def secho(
+    message: t.Any | None = None,
+    file: t.IO[t.AnyStr] | None = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    **styles: t.Any,
+) -> None:
+    """This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
+    call.  As such the following two calls are the same::
+
+        click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
+    depending on which one they go with.
+
+    Non-string types will be converted to :class:`str`. However,
+    :class:`bytes` are passed directly to :meth:`echo` without applying
+    style. If you want to style bytes that represent text, call
+    :meth:`bytes.decode` first.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string. Bytes are
+        passed through without style applied.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if message is not None and not isinstance(message, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        message = style(message, **styles)
+
+    return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: bytes | bytearray,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = False,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+) -> bytes | None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: str,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+) -> str | None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: None = None,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: str | cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> None: ...
+
+
+def edit(
+    text: str | bytes | bytearray | None = None,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: str | cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes | bytearray | None:
+    r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor.  If an editor is given
+    (should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
+    system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
+    the detected editor.  Optionally, some environment variables can be
+    used.  If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned.  In
+    case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
+    `require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
+
+    If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
+
+    Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
+    automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa.  As such,
+    the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
+
+    :param text: the text to edit.
+    :param editor: optionally the editor to use.  Defaults to automatic
+                   detection.
+    :param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
+    :param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
+                         will make the return value become `None`.
+    :param extension: the extension to tell the editor about.  This defaults
+                      to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
+                      highlighting.
+    :param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
+                     provided text contents.  It will not use a temporary
+                     file as an indirection in that case. If the editor supports
+                     editing multiple files at once, a sequence of files may be
+                     passed as well. Invoke `click.file` once per file instead
+                     if multiple files cannot be managed at once or editing the
+                     files serially is desired.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        ``filename`` now accepts any ``Iterable[str]`` in addition to a ``str``
+        if the ``editor`` supports editing multiple files at once.
+
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import Editor
+
+    ed = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save, extension=extension)
+
+    if filename is None:
+        return ed.edit(text)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, str):
+        filename = (filename,)
+
+    ed.edit_files(filenames=filename)
+    return None
+
+
+def launch(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    """This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
+    viewer application for this file type.  If this is an executable, it
+    might launch the executable in a new session.  The return value is
+    the exit code of the launched application.  Usually, ``0`` indicates
+    success.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/')
+        click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
+    :param wait: Wait for the program to exit before returning. This
+        only works if the launched program blocks. In particular,
+        ``xdg-open`` on Linux does not block.
+    :param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
+                   application associated with the URL it will attempt to
+                   launch a file manager with the file located.  This
+                   might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
+                   the filesystem.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import open_url
+
+    return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
+
+
+# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead.  This is used
+# for unittesting purposes.
+_getchar: t.Callable[[bool], str] | None = None
+
+
+def getchar(echo: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it.  This
+    will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
+    circumstances this might return more than one character.  The
+    situations which more than one character is returned is when for
+    whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
+    standard input was not actually a terminal.
+
+    Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
+    is piped into the standard input.
+
+    Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this
+    function might wait for a second character and then return both at once.
+    This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
+                 the terminal.  The default is to not show it.
+    """
+    global _getchar
+
+    if _getchar is None:
+        from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
+
+        _getchar = f
+
+    return _getchar(echo)
+
+
+def raw_terminal() -> AbstractContextManager[int]:
+    from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f
+
+    return f()
+
+
+def pause(info: str | None = None, err: bool = False) -> None:
+    """This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
+    key to continue.  This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
+    command.  If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
+    will instead do nothing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+       Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    :param info: The message to print before pausing. Defaults to
+        ``"Press any key to continue..."``.
+    :param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    if info is None:
+        info = _("Press any key to continue...")
+
+    try:
+        if info:
+            echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
+        try:
+            getchar()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            pass
+    finally:
+        if info:
+            echo(err=err)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb81d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import pdb
+import shlex
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import _compat
+from . import formatting
+from . import termui
+from . import utils
+from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import ReadableBuffer
+
+    from .core import Command
+
+CaptureMode = t.Literal["sys", "fd"]
+
+
+class EchoingStdin:
+    def __init__(self, input: t.BinaryIO, output: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._input = input
+        self._output = output
+        self._paused = False
+
+    def __getattr__(self, x: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._input, x)
+
+    def _echo(self, rv: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not self._paused:
+            self._output.write(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def read(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
+
+    def read1(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read1(n))  # type: ignore
+
+    def readline(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
+
+    def readlines(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[bytes]:
+        return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._input)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pause_echo(stream: EchoingStdin | None) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+    if stream is None:
+        yield
+    else:
+        stream._paused = True
+        yield
+        stream._paused = False
+
+
+class _FDCapture:
+    """Redirect a file descriptor to a temporary file for capture.
+
+    Saves the current target of *targetfd* via :func:`os.dup`, then
+    redirects it to a temporary file via :func:`os.dup2`. On
+    :meth:`stop`, restores the original ``fd`` and returns the captured
+    bytes. Inspired by Pytest's ``FDCapture``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, targetfd: int) -> None:
+        self._targetfd = targetfd
+        self.saved_fd: int = -1
+        self._tmpfile: t.BinaryIO | None = None
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self.saved_fd = os.dup(self._targetfd)
+        self._tmpfile = tempfile.TemporaryFile(buffering=0)
+        os.dup2(self._tmpfile.fileno(), self._targetfd)
+
+    def stop(self) -> bytes:
+        assert self._tmpfile is not None, "_FDCapture.start() was not called"
+        os.dup2(self.saved_fd, self._targetfd)
+        os.close(self.saved_fd)
+        self.saved_fd = -1
+        self._tmpfile.seek(0)
+        data = self._tmpfile.read()
+        self._tmpfile.close()
+        self._tmpfile = None
+        return data
+
+
+class BytesIOCopy(io.BytesIO):
+    """Patch ``io.BytesIO`` to let the written stream be copied to another.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, copy_to: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.copy_to = copy_to
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        super().flush()
+        self.copy_to.flush()
+
+    def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
+        self.copy_to.write(b)
+        return super().write(b)
+
+
+class StreamMixer:
+    """Mixes `<stdout>` and `<stderr>` streams.
+
+    The result is available in the ``output`` attribute.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.output: io.BytesIO = io.BytesIO()
+        self.stdout: io.BytesIO = BytesIOCopy(copy_to=self.output)
+        self.stderr: io.BytesIO = BytesIOCopy(copy_to=self.output)
+
+
+class _NamedTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    """A :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` with custom ``name`` and ``mode``
+    that does not close its underlying buffer.
+
+    When ``CliRunner`` runs in ``fd`` mode, ``_original_fd`` is patched to
+    point at the saved (pre-redirection) ``fd``, so C-level consumers that call
+    :meth:`fileno` (like ``faulthandler`` or ``subprocess``) keep working. In
+    the default ``sys`` mode ``_original_fd`` stays at ``-1`` and
+    :meth:`fileno` raises :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation`, matching the
+    pre-``8.3.3`` behavior.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        buffer: t.BinaryIO,
+        name: str,
+        mode: str,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(buffer, **kwargs)
+        self._name = name
+        self._mode = mode
+        self._original_fd: int = -1
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """The buffer this object contains belongs to some other object,
+        so prevent the default ``__del__`` implementation from closing
+        that buffer.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.3.2
+        """
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        """Return the file descriptor of the saved original stream when
+        ``CliRunner`` runs in ``fd`` mode. Otherwise delegate to
+        :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper`, which raises
+        :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation` for a ``BytesIO``-backed buffer.
+        """
+        if self._original_fd >= 0:
+            return self._original_fd
+        return super().fileno()
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self._mode
+
+
+def make_input_stream(
+    input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None, charset: str
+) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    # Is already an input stream.
+    if hasattr(input, "read"):
+        rv = _find_binary_reader(t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", input))
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        raise TypeError("Could not find binary reader for input stream.")
+
+    if input is None:
+        input = b""
+    elif isinstance(input, str):
+        input = input.encode(charset)
+
+    return io.BytesIO(input)
+
+
+class Result:
+    """Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script.
+
+    :param runner: The runner that created the result
+    :param stdout_bytes: The standard output as bytes.
+    :param stderr_bytes: The standard error as bytes.
+    :param output_bytes: A mix of ``stdout_bytes`` and ``stderr_bytes``, as the
+        user would see  it in its terminal.
+    :param return_value: The value returned from the invoked command.
+    :param exit_code: The exit code as integer.
+    :param exception: The exception that happened if one did.
+    :param exc_info: Exception information (exception type, exception instance,
+        traceback type).
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``stderr_bytes`` no longer optional, ``output_bytes`` introduced and
+        ``mix_stderr`` has been removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Added ``return_value``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        runner: CliRunner,
+        stdout_bytes: bytes,
+        stderr_bytes: bytes,
+        output_bytes: bytes,
+        return_value: t.Any,
+        exit_code: int,
+        exception: BaseException | None,
+        exc_info: tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+        | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.runner = runner
+        self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes
+        self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes
+        self.output_bytes = output_bytes
+        self.return_value = return_value
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+        self.exception = exception
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+
+    @property
+    def output(self) -> str:
+        """The terminal output as unicode string, as the user would see it.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            No longer a proxy for ``self.stdout``. Now has its own independent stream
+            that is mixing `<stdout>` and `<stderr>`, in the order they were written.
+        """
+        return self.output_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> str:
+        """The standard output as unicode string."""
+        return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> str:
+        """The standard error as unicode string.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            No longer raise an exception, always returns the `<stderr>` string.
+        """
+        return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        exc_str = repr(self.exception) if self.exception else "okay"
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {exc_str}>"
+
+
+class CliRunner:
+    """The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
+    script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment.  This only
+    works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
+    global interpreter state.
+
+    :param charset: the character set for the input and output data.
+    :param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
+    :param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from `<stdin>` writes
+                       to `<stdout>`.  This is useful for showing examples in
+                       some circumstances.  Note that regular prompts
+                       will automatically echo the input.
+    :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any exceptions other than
+                             ``SystemExit`` when running :meth:`~CliRunner.invoke`.
+    :param capture: Selects the output capture strategy. ``sys`` (default)
+        captures Python-level writes only and leaves
+        :meth:`sys.stdout.fileno` raising :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation`, so
+        user code that calls :func:`os.dup2` on ``sys.stdout.fileno()`` cannot
+        clobber the host runner's stdout. ``fd`` redirects file descriptors
+        ``1`` and ``2`` via :func:`os.dup2` to a temporary file, also catching
+        output from stale stream references, C extensions, and subprocesses.
+        ``fd`` is not supported on Windows.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Added the ``capture`` parameter. The default ``sys`` mode no longer
+        exposes the original fd through :meth:`fileno`, reverting the change
+        introduced in ``8.3.3`` that broke Pytest's ``fd``-level capture
+        teardown. Use ``capture="fd"`` to restore that behavior with proper
+        isolation. :issue:`3384`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``mix_stderr`` parameter has been removed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        charset: str = "utf-8",
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        echo_stdin: bool = False,
+        catch_exceptions: bool = True,
+        capture: CaptureMode = "sys",
+    ) -> None:
+        if capture not in {"sys", "fd"}:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"capture={capture!r} is not valid. Choose from 'sys' or 'fd'."
+            )
+        if capture == "fd" and sys.platform == "win32":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"capture={capture!r} is not supported on Windows. Use 'sys'."
+            )
+        self.charset = charset
+        self.env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] = env or {}
+        self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
+        self.catch_exceptions = catch_exceptions
+        self.capture: CaptureMode = capture
+
+    def get_default_prog_name(self, cli: Command) -> str:
+        """Given a command object it will return the default program name
+        for it.  The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
+        set.
+        """
+        return cli.name or "root"
+
+    def make_env(
+        self, overrides: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        """Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
+        rv = dict(self.env)
+        if overrides:
+            rv.update(overrides)
+        return rv
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolation(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+    ) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[io.BytesIO, io.BytesIO, io.BytesIO]]:
+        """A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
+        command line tool.  This sets up `<stdin>` with the given input data
+        and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
+        This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
+        prompt functionality).
+
+        This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
+
+        :param input: the input stream to put into `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+            An additional output stream is returned, which is a mix of
+            `<stdout>` and `<stderr>` streams.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            Always returns the `<stderr>` stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            `<stderr>` is opened with ``errors="backslashreplace"``
+            instead of the default ``"strict"``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+        """
+        bytes_input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
+        echo_input = None
+
+        old_stdin = sys.stdin
+        old_stdout = sys.stdout
+        old_stderr = sys.stderr
+        old_forced_width = formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
+        formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
+
+        env = self.make_env(env)
+
+        stream_mixer = StreamMixer()
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            bytes_input = echo_input = t.cast(
+                t.BinaryIO, EchoingStdin(bytes_input, stream_mixer.stdout)
+            )
+
+        sys.stdin = text_input = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            bytes_input, encoding=self.charset, name="<stdin>", mode="r"
+        )
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            # Force unbuffered reads, otherwise TextIOWrapper reads a
+            # large chunk which is echoed early.
+            text_input._CHUNK_SIZE = 1  # type: ignore
+
+        sys.stdout = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            stream_mixer.stdout,
+            encoding=self.charset,
+            name="<stdout>",
+            mode="w",
+        )
+
+        sys.stderr = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            stream_mixer.stderr,
+            encoding=self.charset,
+            name="<stderr>",
+            mode="w",
+            errors="backslashreplace",
+        )
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def visible_input(prompt: str | None = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(prompt or "")
+            try:
+                val = next(text_input).rstrip("\r\n")
+            except StopIteration as e:
+                raise EOFError() from e
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{val}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return val
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def hidden_input(prompt: str | None = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{prompt or ''}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            try:
+                return next(text_input).rstrip("\r\n")
+            except StopIteration as e:
+                raise EOFError() from e
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def _getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+            char = sys.stdin.read(1)
+
+            if echo:
+                sys.stdout.write(char)
+
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return char
+
+        default_color = color
+
+        def should_strip_ansi(
+            stream: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None, color: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            if color is None:
+                return not default_color
+            return not color
+
+        old_visible_prompt_func = termui.visible_prompt_func
+        old_hidden_prompt_func = termui.hidden_prompt_func
+        old__getchar_func = termui._getchar
+        old_should_strip_ansi = utils.should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        old__compat_should_strip_ansi = _compat.should_strip_ansi
+        old_pdb_init = pdb.Pdb.__init__
+        termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
+        termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
+        termui._getchar = _getchar
+        utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        _compat.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
+
+        def _patched_pdb_init(
+            self: pdb.Pdb,
+            completekey: str = "tab",
+            stdin: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+            stdout: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+            **kwargs: t.Any,
+        ) -> None:
+            """Default ``pdb.Pdb`` to real terminal streams during
+            ``CliRunner`` isolation.
+
+            Without this patch, ``pdb.Pdb.__init__`` inherits from
+            ``cmd.Cmd`` which falls back to ``sys.stdin``/``sys.stdout``
+            when no explicit streams are provided. During isolation
+            those are ``BytesIO``-backed wrappers, so the debugger
+            reads from an empty buffer and writes to captured output,
+            making interactive debugging impossible.
+
+            By defaulting to ``sys.__stdin__``/``sys.__stdout__`` (the
+            original terminal streams Python preserves regardless of
+            redirection), debuggers can interact with the user while
+            ``click.echo`` output is still captured normally.
+
+            This covers ``pdb.set_trace()``, ``breakpoint()``,
+            ``pdb.post_mortem()``, and debuggers that subclass
+            ``pdb.Pdb`` (ipdb, pdbpp). Explicit ``stdin``/``stdout``
+            arguments are honored and not overridden. Debuggers that
+            do not subclass ``pdb.Pdb`` (pudb, debugpy) are not
+            covered.
+            """
+            if stdin is None:
+                stdin = sys.__stdin__
+            if stdout is None:
+                stdout = sys.__stdout__
+            old_pdb_init(
+                self, completekey=completekey, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        pdb.Pdb.__init__ = _patched_pdb_init  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        old_env = {}
+        try:
+            for key, value in env.items():
+                old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            yield (stream_mixer.stdout, stream_mixer.stderr, stream_mixer.output)
+        finally:
+            for key, value in old_env.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            sys.stdout = old_stdout
+            sys.stderr = old_stderr
+            sys.stdin = old_stdin
+            termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
+            termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
+            termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
+            utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+            _compat.should_strip_ansi = old__compat_should_strip_ansi
+            formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
+            pdb.Pdb.__init__ = old_pdb_init  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+    def invoke(
+        self,
+        cli: Command,
+        args: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        catch_exceptions: bool | None = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Result:
+        """Invokes a command in an isolated environment.  The arguments are
+        forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
+        arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
+        the command.
+
+        This returns a :class:`Result` object.
+
+        :param cli: the command to invoke
+        :param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable
+                     or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted
+                     as a Unix shell command. More details at
+                     :func:`shlex.split`.
+        :param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides.
+        :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
+                                 ``SystemExit``. If :data:`None`, the value
+                                 from :class:`CliRunner` is used.
+        :param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+            The result object has the ``output_bytes`` attribute with
+            the mix of ``stdout_bytes`` and ``stderr_bytes``, as the user would
+            see it in its terminal.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            The result object always returns the ``stderr_bytes`` stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            The result object has the ``return_value`` attribute with
+            the value returned from the invoked command.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The result object has the ``exc_info`` attribute with the
+            traceback if available.
+        """
+        exc_info = None
+        if catch_exceptions is None:
+            catch_exceptions = self.catch_exceptions
+
+        # Set up fd capture before isolation replaces sys.stdout and sys.stderr.
+        cap_out: _FDCapture | None = None
+        cap_err: _FDCapture | None = None
+
+        if self.capture == "fd":
+            cap_out = _FDCapture(1)
+            cap_err = _FDCapture(2)
+            try:
+                cap_out.start()
+                cap_err.start()
+            except OSError:
+                cap_out = cap_err = None
+
+        with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams:
+            # Point the captured streams' fileno() at the saved (original)
+            # fd so that C-level consumers like faulthandler keep working
+            # while fd 1/2 are redirected to the capture tmpfile.
+            if cap_out is not None and cap_err is not None:
+                sys.stdout._original_fd = cap_out.saved_fd  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                sys.stderr._original_fd = cap_err.saved_fd  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+            return_value = None
+            exception: BaseException | None = None
+            exit_code = 0
+
+            if isinstance(args, str):
+                args = shlex.split(args)
+
+            try:
+                prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name")
+            except KeyError:
+                prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli)
+
+            try:
+                return_value = cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra)
+            except SystemExit as e:
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+                e_code = t.cast("int | t.Any | None", e.code)
+
+                if e_code is None:
+                    e_code = 0
+
+                if e_code != 0:
+                    exception = e
+
+                if not isinstance(e_code, int):
+                    sys.stdout.write(str(e_code))
+                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+                    e_code = 1
+
+                exit_code = e_code
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                if not catch_exceptions:
+                    raise
+                exception = e
+                exit_code = 1
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            finally:
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+
+                # Stop fd capture and merge the captured bytes into
+                # the stdout/stderr BytesIO streams. BytesIOCopy mirrors
+                # those writes into outstreams[2] automatically.
+                if cap_out is not None and cap_err is not None:
+                    fd_out = cap_out.stop()
+                    fd_err = cap_err.stop()
+                    if fd_out:
+                        outstreams[0].write(fd_out)
+                    if fd_err:
+                        outstreams[1].write(fd_err)
+
+                stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue()
+                stderr = outstreams[1].getvalue()
+                output = outstreams[2].getvalue()
+
+        return Result(
+            runner=self,
+            stdout_bytes=stdout,
+            stderr_bytes=stderr,
+            output_bytes=output,
+            return_value=return_value,
+            exit_code=exit_code,
+            exception=exception,
+            exc_info=exc_info,  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolated_filesystem(
+        self, temp_dir: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Iterator[str]:
+        """A context manager that creates a temporary directory and
+        changes the current working directory to it. This isolates tests
+        that affect the contents of the CWD to prevent them from
+        interfering with each other.
+
+        :param temp_dir: Create the temporary directory under this
+            directory. If given, the created directory is not removed
+            when exiting.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``temp_dir`` parameter.
+        """
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+        dt = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=temp_dir)
+        os.chdir(dt)
+
+        try:
+            yield dt
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+
+            if temp_dir is None:
+                import shutil
+
+                try:
+                    shutil.rmtree(dt)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c2d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1309 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import enum
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import _get_argv_encoding
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .utils import format_filename
+from .utils import LazyFile
+from .utils import safecall
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+ParamTypeValue = t.TypeVar("ParamTypeValue")
+
+
+class ParamTypeInfoDict(t.TypedDict):
+    param_type: str
+    name: str
+
+
+class ParamType(t.Generic[ParamTypeValue], abc.ABC):
+    """Represents the type of a parameter. Validates and converts values
+    from the command line or Python into the correct type.
+
+    To implement a custom type, subclass and implement at least the
+    following:
+
+    -   The :attr:`name` class attribute must be set.
+    -   Calling an instance of the type with ``None`` must return
+        ``None``. This is already implemented by default.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must convert string values to the correct type.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must accept values that are already the correct
+        type.
+    -   It must be able to convert a value if the ``ctx`` and ``param``
+        arguments are ``None``. This can occur when converting prompt
+        input.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Now a generic abstract base class. Parameterize with the
+        converted value type (``ParamType[int]`` for an integer-returning
+        type) so that :meth:`convert` and downstream consumers carry the
+        narrowed return type.
+    """
+
+    is_composite: t.ClassVar[bool] = False
+    arity: t.ClassVar[int] = 1
+
+    #: the descriptive name of this type
+    name: str
+
+    #: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
+    #: string environment variable, this is what splits it up.  `None`
+    #: means any whitespace.  For all parameters the general rule is that
+    #: whitespace splits them up.  The exception are paths and files which
+    #: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
+    #: Windows).
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str | None] = None
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> ParamTypeInfoDict:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        # The class name without the "ParamType" suffix.
+        param_type = type(self).__name__.partition("ParamType")[0]
+        param_type = param_type.partition("ParameterType")[0]
+
+        # Custom subclasses might not remember to set a name.
+        if hasattr(self, "name"):
+            name = self.name
+        else:
+            name = param_type
+
+        return {"param_type": param_type, "name": name}
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue | None:
+        if value is not None:
+            return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
+        return None
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context | None) -> str | None:
+        """Optionally might return extra information about a missing
+        parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        """Convert the value to the correct type. This is not called if
+        the value is ``None`` (the missing value).
+
+        This must accept string values from the command line, as well as
+        values that are already the correct type. It may also convert
+        other compatible types.
+
+        The ``param`` and ``ctx`` arguments may be ``None`` in certain
+        situations, such as when converting prompt input.
+
+        If the value cannot be converted, call :meth:`fail` with a
+        descriptive message.
+
+        :param value: The value to convert.
+        :param param: The parameter that is using this type to convert
+            its value. May be ``None``.
+        :param ctx: The current context that arrived at this value. May
+            be ``None``.
+        """
+        # The default returns the value as-is so subclasses that only customize
+        # metadata are not forced to redeclare ``convert``.
+        return t.cast("ParamTypeValue", value)
+
+    def split_envvar_value(self, rv: str) -> cabc.Sequence[str]:
+        """Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
+        into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
+
+        If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
+        then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.  Otherwise, leading
+        and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
+        """
+        return (rv or "").split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
+
+    def fail(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
+        raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of
+        :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` objects for the
+        incomplete value. Most types do not provide completions, but
+        some do, and this allows custom types to provide custom
+        completions as well.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return []
+
+
+class CompositeParamType(ParamType[ParamTypeValue]):
+    is_composite = True
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def arity(self) -> int: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+
+class FuncParamTypeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    func: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]
+
+
+class FuncParamType(ParamType[ParamTypeValue]):
+    def __init__(self, func: t.Callable[[t.Any], ParamTypeValue]) -> None:
+        self.name: str = func.__name__
+        self.func = func
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> FuncParamTypeInfoDict:
+        return {"func": self.func, **super().to_info_dict()}
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        try:
+            return self.func(value)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            message = str(exc)
+
+            if not message:
+                try:
+                    message = str(value)
+                except UnicodeError:
+                    message = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+
+            self.fail(message, param, ctx)
+
+
+class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType[t.Any]):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        return value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UNPROCESSED"
+
+
+class StringParamType(ParamType[str]):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> str:
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            enc = _get_argv_encoding()
+            try:
+                value = value.decode(enc)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                fs_enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+                if fs_enc != enc:
+                    try:
+                        value = value.decode(fs_enc)
+                    except UnicodeError:
+                        value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+                else:
+                    value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+            return value  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        return str(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "STRING"
+
+
+class ChoiceInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    choices: cabc.Sequence[t.Any]
+    case_sensitive: bool
+
+
+class Choice(ParamType[ParamTypeValue], t.Generic[ParamTypeValue]):
+    """The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set
+    of supported values.
+
+    You may pass any iterable value which will be converted to a tuple
+    and thus will only be iterated once.
+
+    The resulting value will always be one of the originally passed choices.
+    See :meth:`normalize_choice` for more info on the mapping of strings
+    to choices. See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case
+        insensitive. Defaults to true.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Now generic in the choice value type. Parameterize with the type of
+        the choice values (``Choice[HashType]`` for an enum, ``Choice[str]``
+        for plain strings) to enable type-checked consumers.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        Non-``str`` ``choices`` are now supported. It can additionally be any
+        iterable. Before you were not recommended to pass anything but a list or
+        tuple.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
+        Choice normalization can be overridden via :meth:`normalize_choice`.
+    """
+
+    name = "choice"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, choices: cabc.Iterable[ParamTypeValue], case_sensitive: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        self.choices: cabc.Sequence[ParamTypeValue] = tuple(choices)
+        self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> ChoiceInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "choices": self.choices,
+            "case_sensitive": self.case_sensitive,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def _normalized_mapping(
+        self, ctx: Context | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Mapping[ParamTypeValue, str]:
+        """
+        Returns mapping where keys are the original choices and the values are
+        the normalized values that are accepted via the command line.
+
+        This is a simple wrapper around :meth:`normalize_choice`, use that
+        instead which is supported.
+        """
+        return {
+            choice: self.normalize_choice(
+                choice=choice,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+            for choice in self.choices
+        }
+
+    def normalize_choice(self, choice: ParamTypeValue, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize a choice value, used to map a passed string to a choice.
+        Each choice must have a unique normalized value.
+
+        By default uses :meth:`Context.token_normalize_func` and if not case
+        sensitive, convert it to a casefolded value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
+        """
+        normed_value = choice.name if isinstance(choice, enum.Enum) else str(choice)
+
+        if ctx is not None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(normed_value)
+
+        if not self.case_sensitive:
+            normed_value = normed_value.casefold()
+
+        return normed_value
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        if param.param_type_name == "option" and not param.show_choices:  # type: ignore
+            choice_metavars = [
+                convert_type(type(choice)).name.upper() for choice in self.choices
+            ]
+            choices_str = "|".join([*dict.fromkeys(choice_metavars)])
+        else:
+            choices_str = "|".join(
+                [str(i) for i in self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values()]
+            )
+
+        # Use curly braces to indicate a required argument.
+        if param.required and param.param_type_name == "argument":
+            return f"{{{choices_str}}}"
+
+        # Use square braces to indicate an option or optional argument.
+        return f"[{choices_str}]"
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """
+        Message shown when no choice is passed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0 Added ``ctx`` argument.
+        """
+        return _("Choose from:\n\t{choices}").format(
+            choices=",\n\t".join(self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values())
+        )
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        """
+        For a given value from the parser, normalize it and find its
+        matching normalized value in the list of choices. Then return the
+        matched "original" choice.
+        """
+        normed_value = self.normalize_choice(choice=value, ctx=ctx)
+        normalized_mapping = self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx)
+
+        try:
+            return next(
+                original
+                for original, normalized in normalized_mapping.items()
+                if normalized == normed_value
+            )
+        except StopIteration:
+            self.fail(
+                self.get_invalid_choice_message(value=value, ctx=ctx),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+    def get_invalid_choice_message(self, value: t.Any, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """Get the error message when the given choice is invalid.
+
+        :param value: The invalid value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+        """
+        choices_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values()))
+        return ngettext(
+            "{value!r} is not {choice}.",
+            "{value!r} is not one of {choices}.",
+            len(self.choices),
+        ).format(value=value, choice=choices_str, choices=choices_str)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return _("Choice({choices})").format(choices=list(self.choices))
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Complete choices that start with the incomplete value.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        str_choices = [self.normalize_choice(choice, ctx) for choice in self.choices]
+        if self.case_sensitive:
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.startswith(incomplete))
+        else:
+            incomplete = incomplete.lower()
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.lower().startswith(incomplete))
+
+        return [CompletionItem(c) for c in matched]
+
+
+class DateTimeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    formats: cabc.Sequence[str]
+
+
+class DateTime(ParamType[datetime]):
+    """The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects.
+
+    The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some
+    common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats.
+
+    When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple.
+    Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results.
+
+    The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this
+    consequently defines the format strings which are allowed.
+
+    Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which
+    parses successfully is used.
+
+    :param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in
+                    which they should be tried. Defaults to
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``,
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``.
+    """
+
+    name = "datetime"
+
+    def __init__(self, formats: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None):
+        self.formats: cabc.Sequence[str] = formats or [
+            "%Y-%m-%d",
+            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
+            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        ]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> DateTimeInfoDict:
+        return {"formats": self.formats, **super().to_info_dict()}
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        return f"[{'|'.join(self.formats)}]"
+
+    def _try_to_convert_date(self, value: t.Any, format: str) -> datetime | None:
+        try:
+            return datetime.strptime(value, format)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> datetime:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return value
+
+        for format in self.formats:
+            converted = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format)
+
+            if converted is not None:
+                return converted
+
+        formats_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self.formats))
+        self.fail(
+            ngettext(
+                "{value!r} does not match the format {format}.",
+                "{value!r} does not match the formats {formats}.",
+                len(self.formats),
+            ).format(value=value, format=formats_str, formats=formats_str),
+            param,
+            ctx,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "DateTime"
+
+
+class _NumberParamTypeBase(ParamType[ParamTypeValue]):
+    _number_class: t.Callable[[t.Any], ParamTypeValue]
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        try:
+            return self._number_class(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid {number_type}.").format(
+                    value=value, number_type=self.name
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+
+class NumberRangeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    min: float | None
+    max: float | None
+    min_open: bool
+    max_open: bool
+    clamp: bool
+
+
+class _NumberRangeBase(_NumberParamTypeBase[ParamTypeValue]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: float | None = None,
+        max: float | None = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.min = min
+        self.max = max
+        self.min_open = min_open
+        self.max_open = max_open
+        self.clamp = clamp
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> NumberRangeInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "min": self.min,
+            "max": self.max,
+            "min_open": self.min_open,
+            "max_open": self.max_open,
+            "clamp": self.clamp,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        import operator
+
+        rv = super().convert(value, param, ctx)
+        min = self.min
+        max = self.max
+        lt_min: bool = min is not None and (
+            operator.le if self.min_open else operator.lt
+        )(rv, min)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        gt_max: bool = max is not None and (
+            operator.ge if self.max_open else operator.gt
+        )(rv, max)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        if self.clamp:
+            if min is not None and lt_min:
+                return self._clamp(min, 1, self.min_open)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+            if max is not None and gt_max:
+                return self._clamp(max, -1, self.max_open)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        if lt_min or gt_max:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value} is not in the range {range}.").format(
+                    value=rv, range=self._describe_range()
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+        return rv
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _clamp(
+        self, bound: ParamTypeValue, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        """Find the valid value to clamp to bound in the given
+        direction.
+
+        :param bound: The boundary value.
+        :param dir: 1 or -1 indicating the direction to move.
+        :param open: If true, the range does not include the bound.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def _describe_range(self) -> str:
+        """Describe the range for use in help text."""
+        if self.min is None:
+            op = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+            return f"x{op}{self.max}"
+
+        if self.max is None:
+            op = ">" if self.min_open else ">="
+            return f"x{op}{self.min}"
+
+        lop = "<" if self.min_open else "<="
+        rop = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+        return f"{self.min}{lop}x{rop}{self.max}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        clamp = " clamped" if self.clamp else ""
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self._describe_range()}{clamp}>"
+
+
+class IntParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase[int]):
+    name = "integer"
+    _number_class = int
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "INT"
+
+
+class IntRange(_NumberRangeBase[int], IntParamType):
+    """Restrict an :data:`click.INT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "integer range"
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: int, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool) -> int:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        return bound + dir
+
+
+class FloatParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase[float]):
+    name = "float"
+    _number_class = float
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "FLOAT"
+
+
+class FloatRange(_NumberRangeBase[float], FloatParamType):
+    """Restrict a :data:`click.FLOAT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing. This is not supported if either
+    boundary is marked ``open``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "float range"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: float | None = None,
+        max: float | None = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            min=min, max=max, min_open=min_open, max_open=max_open, clamp=clamp
+        )
+
+        if (min_open or max_open) and clamp:
+            raise TypeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: float, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool) -> float:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        # Could use math.nextafter here, but clamping an
+        # open float range doesn't seem to be particularly useful. It's
+        # left up to the user to write a callback to do it if needed.
+        raise RuntimeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+
+class BoolParamType(ParamType[bool]):
+    name = "boolean"
+
+    bool_states: dict[str, bool] = {
+        "1": True,
+        "0": False,
+        "yes": True,
+        "no": False,
+        "true": True,
+        "false": False,
+        "on": True,
+        "off": False,
+        "t": True,
+        "f": False,
+        "y": True,
+        "n": False,
+        # Absence of value is considered False.
+        "": False,
+    }
+    """A mapping of string values to boolean states.
+
+    Mapping is inspired by :py:attr:`configparser.ConfigParser.BOOLEAN_STATES`
+    and extends it.
+
+    .. caution::
+        String values are lower-cased, as the ``str_to_bool`` comparison function
+        below is case-insensitive.
+
+    .. warning::
+        The mapping is not exhaustive, and does not cover all possible boolean strings
+        representations. It will remains as it is to avoid endless bikeshedding.
+
+        Future work my be considered to make this mapping user-configurable from public
+        API.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def str_to_bool(value: str | bool) -> bool | None:
+        """Convert a string to a boolean value.
+
+        If the value is already a boolean, it is returned as-is. If the value is a
+        string, it is stripped of whitespaces and lower-cased, then checked against
+        the known boolean states pre-defined in the `BoolParamType.bool_states` mapping
+        above.
+
+        Returns `None` if the value does not match any known boolean state.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            return value
+        return BoolParamType.bool_states.get(value.strip().lower())
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> bool:
+        normalized = self.str_to_bool(value)
+        if normalized is None:
+            self.fail(
+                _(
+                    "{value!r} is not a valid boolean. Recognized values: {states}"
+                ).format(value=value, states=", ".join(sorted(self.bool_states))),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+        return normalized
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "BOOL"
+
+
+class UUIDParameterType(ParamType[uuid.UUID]):
+    name = "uuid"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> uuid.UUID:
+        if isinstance(value, uuid.UUID):
+            return value
+
+        value = value.strip()
+
+        try:
+            return uuid.UUID(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid UUID.").format(value=value), param, ctx
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UUID"
+
+
+class FileInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+
+
+class File(ParamType[t.IO[t.Any]]):
+    """Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing.  The file
+    is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
+    finished working).
+
+    Files can be opened for reading or writing.  The special value ``-``
+    indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
+
+    By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
+    opened in binary mode or for writing.  The encoding parameter can be used
+    to force a specific encoding.
+
+    The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon
+    first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output
+    streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a
+    file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but
+    will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening
+    for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed.
+
+    Files can also be opened atomically in which case all writes go into a
+    separate file in the same folder and upon completion the file will
+    be moved over to the original location.  This is useful if a file
+    regularly read by other users is modified.
+
+    See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``atomic`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    name = "filename"
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = "strict",
+        lazy: bool | None = None,
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.lazy = lazy
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> FileInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "mode": self.mode,
+            "encoding": self.encoding,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if self.lazy is not None:
+            return self.lazy
+        if os.fspath(value) == "-":
+            return False
+        elif "w" in self.mode:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: str | os.PathLike[str] | t.IO[t.Any],
+        param: Parameter | None,
+        ctx: Context | None,
+    ) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        if _is_file_like(value):
+            return value
+
+        value = t.cast("str | os.PathLike[str]", value)
+
+        try:
+            lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
+
+            if lazy:
+                lf = LazyFile(
+                    value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+                )
+
+                if ctx is not None:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(lf.close_intelligently)
+
+                return t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", lf)
+
+            f, should_close = open_stream(
+                value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+
+            # If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
+            # at the end of the context execution (or flush out).  If a
+            # context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
+            # properly close the file.  This for instance happens when the
+            # type is used with prompts.
+            if ctx is not None:
+                if should_close:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
+                else:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
+
+            return f
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.fail(
+                f"'{format_filename(value)}': {e.strerror}",
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide file path completions.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type="file")]
+
+
+def _is_file_like(value: t.Any) -> te.TypeGuard[t.IO[t.Any]]:
+    return hasattr(value, "read") or hasattr(value, "write")
+
+
+class PathInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    exists: bool
+    file_okay: bool
+    dir_okay: bool
+    writable: bool
+    readable: bool
+    allow_dash: bool
+
+
+class Path(ParamType[str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]]):
+    """The ``Path`` type is similar to the :class:`File` type, but
+    returns the filename instead of an open file. Various checks can be
+    enabled to validate the type of file and permissions.
+
+    :param exists: The file or directory needs to exist for the value to
+        be valid. If this is not set to ``True``, and the file does not
+        exist, then all further checks are silently skipped.
+    :param file_okay: Allow a file as a value.
+    :param dir_okay: Allow a directory as a value.
+    :param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
+    :param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
+    :param executable: if true, an executable check is performed.
+    :param resolve_path: Make the value absolute and resolve any
+        symlinks. A ``~`` is not expanded, as this is supposed to be
+        done by the shell only.
+    :param allow_dash: Allow a single dash as a value, which indicates
+        a standard stream (but does not open it). Use
+        :func:`~click.open_file` to handle opening this value.
+    :param path_type: Convert the incoming path value to this type. If
+        ``None``, keep Python's default, which is ``str``. Useful to
+        convert to :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Added the ``executable`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Allow passing ``path_type=pathlib.Path``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Added the ``allow_dash`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exists: bool = False,
+        file_okay: bool = True,
+        dir_okay: bool = True,
+        writable: bool = False,
+        readable: bool = True,
+        resolve_path: bool = False,
+        allow_dash: bool = False,
+        path_type: type[t.Any] | None = None,
+        executable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.exists = exists
+        self.file_okay = file_okay
+        self.dir_okay = dir_okay
+        self.readable = readable
+        self.writable = writable
+        self.executable = executable
+        self.resolve_path = resolve_path
+        self.allow_dash = allow_dash
+        self.type = path_type
+
+        if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
+            self.name: str = _("file")
+        elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
+            self.name = _("directory")
+        else:
+            self.name = _("path")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> PathInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "exists": self.exists,
+            "file_okay": self.file_okay,
+            "dir_okay": self.dir_okay,
+            "writable": self.writable,
+            "readable": self.readable,
+            "allow_dash": self.allow_dash,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def coerce_path_result(
+        self, value: str | os.PathLike[str]
+    ) -> str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]:
+        if self.type is not None and not isinstance(value, self.type):
+            if self.type is str:
+                return os.fsdecode(value)
+            elif self.type is bytes:
+                return os.fsencode(value)
+            else:
+                return t.cast("os.PathLike[str]", self.type(value))
+
+        return value
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        param: Parameter | None,
+        ctx: Context | None,
+    ) -> str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]:
+        rv = value
+
+        is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b"-", "-")
+
+        if not is_dash:
+            if self.resolve_path:
+                rv = os.path.realpath(rv)
+
+            try:
+                st = os.stat(rv)
+            except OSError:
+                if not self.exists:
+                    return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} does not exist.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a file.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+            if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a directory.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.readable and not os.access(rv, os.R_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not readable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.writable and not os.access(rv, os.W_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not writable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.executable and not os.access(value, os.X_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not executable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+        return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide path completions for only
+        directories or any paths.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        type = "dir" if self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay else "file"
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type=type)]
+
+
+class TupleInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    types: cabc.Sequence[ParamTypeInfoDict]
+
+
+class Tuple(CompositeParamType[tuple[t.Any, ...]]):
+    """The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
+    This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
+    count and different types should be used for different items.  In this
+    case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used.  This type can only be used
+    if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
+
+    For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
+
+    This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
+
+    :param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, types: cabc.Sequence[type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any]]) -> None:
+        self.types: cabc.Sequence[ParamType[t.Any]] = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> TupleInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "types": [ty.to_info_dict() for ty in self.types],
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return f"<{' '.join(ty.name for ty in self.types)}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arity(self) -> int:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return len(self.types)
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ...]:
+        len_type = len(self.types)
+        len_value = len(value)
+
+        if len_value != len_type:
+            self.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} was given.",
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} were given.",
+                    len_value,
+                ).format(len_type=len_type, len_value=len_value),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+        return tuple(
+            ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value, strict=False)
+        )
+
+
+def _guess_type(
+    ty: type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any] | None,
+    default: t.Any | None,
+) -> type[t.Any] | tuple[type[t.Any], ...] | ParamType[t.Any] | None:
+    """Infer a type from *ty* or *default*.
+
+    Returns *ty* unchanged when it is not ``None``.  Otherwise inspects
+    *default* to produce a ``type``, a ``tuple`` of types (for tuple
+    defaults), or ``None``.
+    """
+    if ty is not None:
+        return ty
+
+    if default is None:
+        return None
+
+    if not isinstance(default, (tuple, list)):
+        return type(default)
+
+    # If the default is empty, return None so convert_type falls
+    # through to STRING.
+    if not default:
+        return None
+
+    item = default[0]
+
+    # A sequence of iterables needs to detect the inner types.
+    # Can't call convert_type recursively because that would
+    # incorrectly unwind the tuple to a single type.
+    if isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
+        return tuple(map(type, item))
+
+    return type(item)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(ty: None, default: None = None) -> StringParamType: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(
+    ty: type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any], default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(
+    ty: t.Any | None, default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+def convert_type(
+    ty: t.Any | None = None, default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]:
+    """Find the most appropriate :class:`ParamType` for the given Python
+    type. If the type isn't provided, it can be inferred from a default
+    value.
+    """
+    guessed = _guess_type(ty, default)
+    is_guessed = guessed is not ty
+
+    if isinstance(guessed, tuple):
+        return Tuple(guessed)
+
+    if isinstance(guessed, ParamType):
+        return guessed
+
+    if guessed is str or guessed is None:
+        return STRING
+
+    if guessed is int:
+        return INT
+
+    if guessed is float:
+        return FLOAT
+
+    if guessed is bool:
+        return BOOL
+
+    if is_guessed:
+        return STRING
+
+    if __debug__:
+        try:
+            if issubclass(guessed, ParamType):
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f"Attempted to use an uninstantiated parameter type ({guessed})."
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # guessed is an instance (correct), so issubclass fails.
+            pass
+
+    return FuncParamType(guessed)
+
+
+#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing.  From a user's
+#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but
+#: internally no string conversion takes place if the input was bytes.
+#: This is usually useful when working with file paths as they can
+#: appear in bytes and unicode.
+#:
+#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
+#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
+#: it is provided.
+#:
+#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType()
+
+#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default.  This
+#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
+STRING = StringParamType()
+
+#: An integer parameter.  This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
+#: type.
+INT = IntParamType()
+
+#: A floating point value parameter.  This can also be selected by using
+#: ``float`` as type.
+FLOAT = FloatParamType()
+
+#: A boolean parameter.  This is the default for boolean flags.  This can
+#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
+BOOL = BoolParamType()
+
+#: A UUID parameter.
+UUID = UUIDParameterType()
+
+
+class OptionHelpExtra(t.TypedDict, total=False):
+    envvars: tuple[str, ...]
+    default: str
+    range: str
+    required: str
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67922b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from types import ModuleType
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stderr
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
+from ._compat import auto_wrap_for_ansi
+from ._compat import binary_streams
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from ._compat import should_strip_ansi
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import text_streams
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+
+
+def _posixify(name: str) -> str:
+    return "-".join(name.split()).lower()
+
+
+def safecall(func: t.Callable[P, R]) -> t.Callable[P, R | None]:
+    """Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
+
+    def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R | None:
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
+    return update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
+
+
+def make_str(value: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Converts a value into a valid string."""
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        try:
+            return value.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        except UnicodeError:
+            return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def make_default_short_help(help: str, max_length: int = 45) -> str:
+    """Returns a condensed version of help string.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    # Consider only the first paragraph.
+    paragraph_end = help.find("\n\n")
+
+    if paragraph_end != -1:
+        help = help[:paragraph_end]
+
+    # Collapse newlines, tabs, and spaces.
+    words = help.split()
+
+    if not words:
+        return ""
+
+    # The first paragraph started with a "no rewrap" marker, ignore it.
+    if words[0] == "\b":
+        words = words[1:]
+
+    total_length = 0
+    last_index = len(words) - 1
+
+    for i, word in enumerate(words):
+        total_length += len(word) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length > max_length:  # too long, truncate
+            break
+
+        if word[-1] == ".":  # sentence end, truncate without "..."
+            return " ".join(words[: i + 1])
+
+        if total_length == max_length and i != last_index:
+            break  # not at sentence end, truncate with "..."
+    else:
+        return " ".join(words)  # no truncation needed
+
+    # Account for the length of the suffix.
+    total_length += len("...")
+
+    # remove words until the length is short enough
+    while i > 0:
+        total_length -= len(words[i]) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length <= max_length:
+            break
+
+        i -= 1
+
+    return " ".join(words[:i]) + "..."
+
+
+class LazyFile:
+    """A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
+    the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
+    filename parameter does make sense.  This is useful for safely opening
+    files for writing.
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+    errors: str | None
+    atomic: bool
+    _f: t.IO[t.Any] | None
+    should_close: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = "strict",
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = os.fspath(filename)
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+        if self.name == "-":
+            self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors)
+        else:
+            if "r" in mode:
+                # Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
+                # reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
+                # some cases early.
+                open(filename, mode).close()
+            self._f = None
+            self.should_close = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.open(), name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return repr(self._f)
+        return f"<unopened file '{format_filename(self.name)}' {self.mode}>"
+
+    def open(self) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        """Opens the file if it's not yet open.  This call might fail with
+        a :exc:`FileError`.  Not handling this error will produce an error
+        that Click shows.
+        """
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return self._f
+        try:
+            rv, self.should_close = open_stream(
+                self.name, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+        except OSError as e:
+            from .exceptions import FileError
+
+            raise FileError(self.name, hint=e.strerror) from e
+        self._f = rv
+        return rv
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+
+    def close_intelligently(self) -> None:
+        """This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
+        file wrapper.  For instance this will never close stdin.
+        """
+        if self.should_close:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> LazyFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close_intelligently()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        self.open()
+        return iter(self._f)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class KeepOpenFile:
+    _file: t.IO[t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, file: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self._file = file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._file, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> KeepOpenFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._file)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        return iter(self._file)
+
+
+def echo(
+    message: object = None,
+    file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Print a message and newline to stdout or a file. This should be
+    used instead of :func:`print` because it provides better support
+    for different data, files, and environments.
+
+    Compared to :func:`print`, this does the following:
+
+    -   Ensures that the output encoding is not misconfigured on Linux.
+    -   Supports Unicode in the Windows console.
+    -   Supports writing to binary outputs, and supports writing bytes
+        to text outputs.
+    -   Supports colors and styles on Windows.
+    -   Removes ANSI color and style codes if the output does not look
+        like an interactive terminal.
+    -   Always flushes the output.
+
+    :param message: The string or bytes to output. Other objects are
+        converted to strings.
+    :param file: The file to write to. Defaults to ``stdout``.
+    :param err: Write to ``stderr`` instead of ``stdout``.
+    :param nl: Print a newline after the message. Enabled by default.
+    :param color: Force showing or hiding colors and other styles. By
+        default Click will remove color if the output does not look like
+        an interactive terminal.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Support Unicode output on the Windows console. Click does not
+        modify ``sys.stdout``, so ``sys.stdout.write()`` and ``print()``
+        will still not support Unicode.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Support colors on Windows if colorama is installed.
+    """
+    if file is None:
+        if err:
+            file = _default_text_stderr()
+        else:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+        # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+        # pythonw on Windows.
+        if file is None:
+            return
+
+    match message:
+        case str() | bytes() | bytearray():
+            out = message
+        case None:
+            out = ""
+        case _:
+            out = str(message)
+
+    if nl:
+        if isinstance(out, str):
+            out += "\n"
+        else:
+            out += b"\n"
+
+    if not out:
+        file.flush()
+        return
+
+    # If there is a message and the value looks like bytes, we manually
+    # need to find the binary stream and write the message in there.
+    # This is done separately so that most stream types will work as you
+    # would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO for other cases.
+    if isinstance(out, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
+        if binary_file is not None:
+            file.flush()
+            binary_file.write(out)
+            binary_file.flush()
+            return
+
+    # ANSI style code support. For no message or bytes, nothing happens.
+    # When outputting to a file instead of a terminal, strip codes.
+    else:
+        color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+        if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
+            out = strip_ansi(out)
+        elif WIN:
+            if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
+                file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file, color)  # type: ignore
+            elif not color:
+                out = strip_ansi(out)
+
+    file.write(out)  # type: ignore
+    file.flush()
+
+
+def get_binary_stream(name: t.Literal["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"]) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for byte processing.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    """
+    opener = binary_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(_("Unknown standard stream '{name}'").format(name=name))
+    return opener()
+
+
+def get_text_stream(
+    name: t.Literal["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"],
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for text processing.  This usually returns
+    a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
+    :func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts for already
+    correctly configured streams.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    :param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
+    :param errors: overrides the default error mode.
+    """
+    opener = text_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(_("Unknown standard stream '{name}'").format(name=name))
+    return opener(encoding, errors)
+
+
+def open_file(
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+    lazy: bool = False,
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Open a file, with extra behavior to handle ``'-'`` to indicate
+    a standard stream, lazy open on write, and atomic write. Similar to
+    the behavior of the :class:`~click.File` param type.
+
+    If ``'-'`` is given to open ``stdout`` or ``stdin``, the stream is
+    wrapped so that using it in a context manager will not close it.
+    This makes it possible to use the function without accidentally
+    closing a standard stream:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with open_file(filename) as f:
+            ...
+
+    :param filename: The name or Path of the file to open, or ``'-'`` for
+        ``stdin``/``stdout``.
+    :param mode: The mode in which to open the file.
+    :param encoding: The encoding to decode or encode a file opened in
+        text mode.
+    :param errors: The error handling mode.
+    :param lazy: Wait to open the file until it is accessed. For read
+        mode, the file is temporarily opened to raise access errors
+        early, then closed until it is read again.
+    :param atomic: Write to a temporary file and replace the given file
+        on close.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+    if lazy:
+        return t.cast(
+            "t.IO[t.Any]", LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+        )
+
+    f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+
+    if not should_close:
+        f = t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", KeepOpenFile(f))
+
+    return f
+
+
+def format_filename(
+    filename: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes],
+    shorten: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Format a filename as a string for display. Ensures the filename can be
+    displayed by replacing any invalid bytes or surrogate escapes in the name
+    with the replacement character ``�``.
+
+    Invalid bytes or surrogate escapes will raise an error when written to a
+    stream with ``errors="strict"``. This will typically happen with ``stdout``
+    when the locale is something like ``en_GB.UTF-8``.
+
+    Many scenarios *are* safe to write surrogates though, due to PEP 538 and
+    PEP 540, including:
+
+    -   Writing to ``stderr``, which uses ``errors="backslashreplace"``.
+    -   The system has ``LANG=C.UTF-8``, ``C``, or ``POSIX``. Python opens
+        stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+    -   None of ``LANG/LC_*`` are set. Python assumes ``LANG=C.UTF-8``.
+    -   Python is started in UTF-8 mode  with  ``PYTHONUTF8=1`` or ``-X utf8``.
+        Python opens stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+
+    :param filename: formats a filename for UI display.  This will also convert
+                     the filename into unicode without failing.
+    :param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
+                    path that leads up to it.
+    """
+    if shorten:
+        filename = os.path.basename(filename)
+    else:
+        filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+        filename = filename.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), "replace")
+    else:
+        filename = filename.encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape").decode(
+            "utf-8", "replace"
+        )
+
+    return filename
+
+
+def get_app_dir(app_name: str, roaming: bool = True, force_posix: bool = False) -> str:
+    r"""Returns the config folder for the application.  The default behavior
+    is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
+
+    To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
+    the following folders could be returned:
+
+    Mac OS X:
+      ``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
+    Mac OS X (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Unix:
+      ``~/.config/foo-bar``
+    Unix (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Windows (roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
+    Windows (not roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param app_name: the application name.  This should be properly capitalized
+                     and can contain whitespace.
+    :param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
+                    Has no effect otherwise.
+    :param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
+                        folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
+                        dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
+                        application support folder.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        key = "APPDATA" if roaming else "LOCALAPPDATA"
+        folder = os.environ.get(key)
+        if folder is None:
+            folder = os.path.expanduser("~")
+        return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
+    if force_posix:
+        return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(f"~/.{_posixify(app_name)}"))
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return os.path.join(
+            os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"), app_name
+        )
+    return os.path.join(
+        os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")),
+        _posixify(app_name),
+    )
+
+
+class PacifyFlushWrapper:
+    """This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting
+    from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC
+    of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on
+    ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any
+    other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken
+    pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied.
+    """
+
+    wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        except OSError as e:
+            import errno
+
+            if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
+                raise
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)
+
+
+def _detect_program_name(
+    path: str | None = None, _main: ModuleType | None = None
+) -> str:
+    """Determine the command used to run the program, for use in help
+    text. If a file or entry point was executed, the file name is
+    returned. If ``python -m`` was used to execute a module or package,
+    ``python -m name`` is returned.
+
+    This doesn't try to be too precise, the goal is to give a concise
+    name for help text. Files are only shown as their name without the
+    path. ``python`` is only shown for modules, and the full path to
+    ``sys.executable`` is not shown.
+
+    :param path: The Python file being executed. Python puts this in
+        ``sys.argv[0]``, which is used by default.
+    :param _main: The ``__main__`` module. This should only be passed
+        during internal testing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Based on command args detection in the Werkzeug reloader.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    if _main is None:
+        _main = sys.modules["__main__"]
+
+    if not path:
+        path = sys.argv[0]
+
+    # The value of __package__ indicates how Python was called. It may
+    # not exist if a setuptools script is installed as an egg. It may be
+    # set incorrectly for entry points created with pip on Windows.
+    # It is set to "" inside a Shiv or PEX zipapp.
+    if getattr(_main, "__package__", None) in {None, ""} or (
+        os.name == "nt"
+        and _main.__package__ == ""
+        and not os.path.exists(path)
+        and os.path.exists(f"{path}.exe")
+    ):
+        # Executed a file, like "python app.py".
+        return os.path.basename(path)
+
+    # Executed a module, like "python -m example".
+    # Rewritten by Python from "-m script" to "/path/to/script.py".
+    # Need to look at main module to determine how it was executed.
+    py_module = t.cast(str, _main.__package__)
+    name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
+
+    # A submodule like "example.cli".
+    if name != "__main__":
+        py_module = f"{py_module}.{name}"
+
+    return f"python -m {py_module.lstrip('.')}"
+
+
+def _expand_args(
+    args: cabc.Iterable[str],
+    *,
+    user: bool = True,
+    env: bool = True,
+    glob_recursive: bool = True,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Simulate Unix shell expansion with Python functions.
+
+    See :func:`glob.glob`, :func:`os.path.expanduser`, and
+    :func:`os.path.expandvars`.
+
+    This is intended for use on Windows, where the shell does not do any
+    expansion. It may not exactly match what a Unix shell would do.
+
+    :param args: List of command line arguments to expand.
+    :param user: Expand user home directory.
+    :param env: Expand environment variables.
+    :param glob_recursive: ``**`` matches directories recursively.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Invalid glob patterns are treated as empty expansions rather
+        than raising an error.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    from glob import glob
+
+    out = []
+
+    for arg in args:
+        if user:
+            arg = os.path.expanduser(arg)
+
+        if env:
+            arg = os.path.expandvars(arg)
+
+        try:
+            matches = glob(arg, recursive=glob_recursive)
+        except re.error:
+            matches = []
+
+        if not matches:
+            out.append(arg)
+        else:
+            out.extend(matches)
+
+    return out
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde24a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from .main import dotenv_values, find_dotenv, get_key, load_dotenv, set_key, unset_key
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython: Any) -> None:
+    from .ipython import load_ipython_extension
+
+    load_ipython_extension(ipython)
+
+
+def get_cli_string(
+    path: Optional[str] = None,
+    action: Optional[str] = None,
+    key: Optional[str] = None,
+    value: Optional[str] = None,
+    quote: Optional[str] = None,
+):
+    """Returns a string suitable for running as a shell script.
+
+    Useful for converting a arguments passed to a fabric task
+    to be passed to a `local` or `run` command.
+    """
+    command = ["dotenv"]
+    if quote:
+        command.append(f"-q {quote}")
+    if path:
+        command.append(f"-f {path}")
+    if action:
+        command.append(action)
+        if key:
+            command.append(key)
+            if value:
+                if " " in value:
+                    command.append(f'"{value}"')
+                else:
+                    command.append(value)
+
+    return " ".join(command).strip()
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "get_cli_string",
+    "load_dotenv",
+    "dotenv_values",
+    "get_key",
+    "set_key",
+    "unset_key",
+    "find_dotenv",
+    "load_ipython_extension",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3977f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Entry point for cli, enables execution with `python -m dotenv`"""
+
+from .cli import cli
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47eec04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+import json
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import IO, Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    from subprocess import Popen
+
+try:
+    import click
+except ImportError:
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        "It seems python-dotenv is not installed with cli option. \n"
+        'Run pip install "python-dotenv[cli]" to fix this.'
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+from .main import dotenv_values, set_key, unset_key
+from .version import __version__
+
+
+def enumerate_env() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return a path for the ${pwd}/.env file.
+
+    If pwd does not exist, return None.
+    """
+    try:
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return None
+    path = os.path.join(cwd, ".env")
+    return path
+
+
+@click.group()
+@click.option(
+    "-f",
+    "--file",
+    default=enumerate_env(),
+    type=click.Path(file_okay=True),
+    help="Location of the .env file, defaults to .env file in current working directory.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "-q",
+    "--quote",
+    default="always",
+    type=click.Choice(["always", "never", "auto"]),
+    help="Whether to quote or not the variable values. Default mode is always. This does not affect parsing.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "-e",
+    "--export",
+    default=False,
+    type=click.BOOL,
+    help="Whether to write the dot file as an executable bash script.",
+)
+@click.version_option(version=__version__)
+@click.pass_context
+def cli(ctx: click.Context, file: Any, quote: Any, export: Any) -> None:
+    """This script is used to set, get or unset values from a .env file."""
+    ctx.obj = {"QUOTE": quote, "EXPORT": export, "FILE": file}
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream_file(path: os.PathLike) -> Iterator[IO[str]]:
+    """
+    Open a file and yield the corresponding (decoded) stream.
+
+    Exits with error code 2 if the file cannot be opened.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        with open(path) as stream:
+            yield stream
+    except OSError as exc:
+        print(f"Error opening env file: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+
+@cli.command(name="list")
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option(
+    "--format",
+    "output_format",
+    default="simple",
+    type=click.Choice(["simple", "json", "shell", "export"]),
+    help="The format in which to display the list. Default format is simple, "
+    "which displays name=value without quotes.",
+)
+def list_values(ctx: click.Context, output_format: str) -> None:
+    """Display all the stored key/value."""
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+
+    with stream_file(file) as stream:
+        values = dotenv_values(stream=stream)
+
+    if output_format == "json":
+        click.echo(json.dumps(values, indent=2, sort_keys=True))
+    else:
+        prefix = "export " if output_format == "export" else ""
+        for k in sorted(values):
+            v = values[k]
+            if v is not None:
+                if output_format in ("export", "shell"):
+                    v = shlex.quote(v)
+                click.echo(f"{prefix}{k}={v}")
+
+
+@cli.command(name="set")
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+@click.argument("value", required=True)
+def set_value(ctx: click.Context, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+    """
+    Store the given key/value.
+
+    This doesn't follow symlinks, to avoid accidentally modifying a file at a
+    potentially untrusted path.
+    """
+
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+    quote = ctx.obj["QUOTE"]
+    export = ctx.obj["EXPORT"]
+    success, key, value = set_key(file, key, value, quote, export)
+    if success:
+        click.echo(f"{key}={value}")
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+def get(ctx: click.Context, key: Any) -> None:
+    """Retrieve the value for the given key."""
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+
+    with stream_file(file) as stream:
+        values = dotenv_values(stream=stream)
+
+    stored_value = values.get(key)
+    if stored_value:
+        click.echo(stored_value)
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+def unset(ctx: click.Context, key: Any) -> None:
+    """
+    Removes the given key.
+
+    This doesn't follow symlinks, to avoid accidentally modifying a file at a
+    potentially untrusted path.
+    """
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+    quote = ctx.obj["QUOTE"]
+    success, key = unset_key(file, key, quote)
+    if success:
+        click.echo(f"Successfully removed {key}")
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command(
+    context_settings={
+        "allow_extra_args": True,
+        "allow_interspersed_args": False,
+        "ignore_unknown_options": True,
+    }
+)
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option(
+    "--override/--no-override",
+    default=True,
+    help="Override variables from the environment file with those from the .env file.",
+)
+@click.argument("commandline", nargs=-1, type=click.UNPROCESSED)
+def run(ctx: click.Context, override: bool, commandline: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+    """Run command with environment variables present."""
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+    if not os.path.isfile(file):
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f"Invalid value for '-f' \"{file}\" does not exist.", ctx=ctx
+        )
+    dotenv_as_dict = {
+        k: v
+        for (k, v) in dotenv_values(file).items()
+        if v is not None and (override or k not in os.environ)
+    }
+
+    if not commandline:
+        click.echo("No command given.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    run_command([*commandline, *ctx.args], dotenv_as_dict)
+
+
+def run_command(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Replace the current process with the specified command.
+
+    Replaces the current process with the specified command and the variables from `env`
+    added in the current environment variables.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    command: List[str]
+        The command and it's parameters
+    env: Dict
+        The additional environment variables
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+        This function does not return any value. It replaces the current process with the new one.
+
+    """
+    # copy the current environment variables and add the vales from
+    # `env`
+    cmd_env = os.environ.copy()
+    cmd_env.update(env)
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        # execvpe on Windows returns control immediately
+        # rather than once the command has finished.
+        p = Popen(command, universal_newlines=True, bufsize=0, shell=False, env=cmd_env)
+        _, _ = p.communicate()
+
+        sys.exit(p.returncode)
+    else:
+        os.execvpe(command[0], args=command, env=cmd_env)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e7edbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from IPython.core.magic import Magics, line_magic, magics_class  # type: ignore
+from IPython.core.magic_arguments import (
+    argument,
+    magic_arguments,
+    parse_argstring,
+)  # type: ignore
+
+from .main import find_dotenv, load_dotenv
+
+
+@magics_class
+class IPythonDotEnv(Magics):
+    @magic_arguments()
+    @argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--override",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Indicate to override existing variables",
+    )
+    @argument(
+        "-v",
+        "--verbose",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Indicate function calls to be verbose",
+    )
+    @argument(
+        "dotenv_path",
+        nargs="?",
+        type=str,
+        default=".env",
+        help="Search in increasingly higher folders for the `dotenv_path`",
+    )
+    @line_magic
+    def dotenv(self, line):
+        args = parse_argstring(self.dotenv, line)
+        # Locate the .env file
+        dotenv_path = args.dotenv_path
+        try:
+            dotenv_path = find_dotenv(dotenv_path, True, True)
+        except IOError:
+            print("cannot find .env file")
+            return
+
+        # Load the .env file
+        load_dotenv(dotenv_path, verbose=args.verbose, override=args.override)
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
+    """Register the %dotenv magic."""
+    ipython.register_magics(IPythonDotEnv)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48e5245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import IO, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from .parser import Binding, parse_stream
+from .variables import parse_variables
+
+# A type alias for a string path to be used for the paths in this file.
+# These paths may flow to `open()` and `os.replace()`.
+StrPath = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _load_dotenv_disabled() -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if dotenv loading has been disabled.
+    """
+    if "PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED" not in os.environ:
+        return False
+    value = os.environ["PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED"].casefold()
+    return value in {"1", "true", "t", "yes", "y"}
+
+
+def with_warn_for_invalid_lines(mappings: Iterator[Binding]) -> Iterator[Binding]:
+    for mapping in mappings:
+        if mapping.error:
+            logger.warning(
+                "python-dotenv could not parse statement starting at line %s",
+                mapping.original.line,
+            )
+        yield mapping
+
+
+class DotEnv:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath],
+        stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        verbose: bool = False,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        interpolate: bool = True,
+        override: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = dotenv_path
+        self.stream: Optional[IO[str]] = stream
+        self._dict: Optional[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = None
+        self.verbose: bool = verbose
+        self.encoding: Optional[str] = encoding
+        self.interpolate: bool = interpolate
+        self.override: bool = override
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _get_stream(self) -> Iterator[IO[str]]:
+        if self.dotenv_path and _is_file_or_fifo(self.dotenv_path):
+            with open(self.dotenv_path, encoding=self.encoding) as stream:
+                yield stream
+        elif self.stream is not None:
+            yield self.stream
+        else:
+            if self.verbose:
+                logger.info(
+                    "python-dotenv could not find configuration file %s.",
+                    self.dotenv_path or ".env",
+                )
+            yield io.StringIO("")
+
+    def dict(self) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """Return dotenv as dict"""
+        if self._dict:
+            return self._dict
+
+        raw_values = self.parse()
+
+        if self.interpolate:
+            self._dict = OrderedDict(
+                resolve_variables(raw_values, override=self.override)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._dict = OrderedDict(raw_values)
+
+        return self._dict
+
+    def parse(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]:
+        with self._get_stream() as stream:
+            for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(stream)):
+                if mapping.key is not None:
+                    yield mapping.key, mapping.value
+
+    def set_as_environment_variables(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Load the current dotenv as system environment variable.
+        """
+        if not self.dict():
+            return False
+
+        for k, v in self.dict().items():
+            if k in os.environ and not self.override:
+                continue
+            if v is not None:
+                os.environ[k] = v
+
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """ """
+        data = self.dict()
+
+        if key in data:
+            return data[key]
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            logger.warning("Key %s not found in %s.", key, self.dotenv_path)
+
+        return None
+
+
+def get_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_get: str,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Get the value of a given key from the given .env.
+
+    Returns `None` if the key isn't found or doesn't have a value.
+    """
+    return DotEnv(dotenv_path, verbose=True, encoding=encoding).get(key_to_get)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def rewrite(
+    path: StrPath,
+    encoding: Optional[str],
+    follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[IO[str], IO[str]]]:
+    if follow_symlinks:
+        path = os.path.realpath(path)
+
+    try:
+        source: IO[str] = open(path, encoding=encoding)
+        try:
+            path_stat = os.lstat(path)
+            original_mode: Optional[int] = (
+                stat.S_IMODE(path_stat.st_mode)
+                if stat.S_ISREG(path_stat.st_mode)
+                else None
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            source.close()
+            raise
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        source = io.StringIO("")
+        original_mode = None
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+        mode="w",
+        encoding=encoding,
+        delete=False,
+        prefix=".tmp_",
+        dir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(path)),
+    ) as dest:
+        dest_path = pathlib.Path(dest.name)
+        error = None
+
+        try:
+            with source:
+                yield (source, dest)
+        except BaseException as err:
+            error = err
+
+    if error is None:
+        try:
+            if original_mode is not None:
+                os.chmod(dest_path, original_mode)
+
+            os.replace(dest_path, path)
+        except BaseException:
+            dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise
+    else:
+        dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        raise error from None
+
+
+def set_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_set: str,
+    value_to_set: str,
+    quote_mode: str = "always",
+    export: bool = False,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+    follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[bool], str, str]:
+    """
+    Adds or Updates a key/value to the given .env
+
+    The target .env file is created if it doesn't exist.
+
+    This function doesn't follow symlinks by default, to avoid accidentally
+    modifying a file at a potentially untrusted path. If you don't need this
+    protection and need symlinks to be followed, use `follow_symlinks`.
+    """
+    if quote_mode not in ("always", "auto", "never"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown quote_mode: {quote_mode}")
+
+    quote = quote_mode == "always" or (
+        quote_mode == "auto" and not value_to_set.isalnum()
+    )
+
+    if quote:
+        value_out = "'{}'".format(value_to_set.replace("'", "\\'"))
+    else:
+        value_out = value_to_set
+    if export:
+        line_out = f"export {key_to_set}={value_out}\n"
+    else:
+        line_out = f"{key_to_set}={value_out}\n"
+
+    with rewrite(dotenv_path, encoding=encoding, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) as (
+        source,
+        dest,
+    ):
+        replaced = False
+        missing_newline = False
+        for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(source)):
+            if mapping.key == key_to_set:
+                dest.write(line_out)
+                replaced = True
+            else:
+                dest.write(mapping.original.string)
+                missing_newline = not mapping.original.string.endswith("\n")
+        if not replaced:
+            if missing_newline:
+                dest.write("\n")
+            dest.write(line_out)
+
+    return True, key_to_set, value_to_set
+
+
+def unset_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_unset: str,
+    quote_mode: str = "always",
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+    follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[bool], str]:
+    """
+    Removes a given key from the given `.env` file.
+
+    If the .env path given doesn't exist, fails.
+    If the given key doesn't exist in the .env, fails.
+
+    This function doesn't follow symlinks by default, to avoid accidentally
+    modifying a file at a potentially untrusted path. If you don't need this
+    protection and need symlinks to be followed, use `follow_symlinks`.
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(dotenv_path):
+        logger.warning("Can't delete from %s - it doesn't exist.", dotenv_path)
+        return None, key_to_unset
+
+    removed = False
+    with rewrite(dotenv_path, encoding=encoding, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) as (
+        source,
+        dest,
+    ):
+        for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(source)):
+            if mapping.key == key_to_unset:
+                removed = True
+            else:
+                dest.write(mapping.original.string)
+
+    if not removed:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Key %s not removed from %s - key doesn't exist.", key_to_unset, dotenv_path
+        )
+        return None, key_to_unset
+
+    return removed, key_to_unset
+
+
+def resolve_variables(
+    values: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]],
+    override: bool,
+) -> Mapping[str, Optional[str]]:
+    new_values: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+
+    for name, value in values:
+        if value is None:
+            result = None
+        else:
+            atoms = parse_variables(value)
+            env: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+            if override:
+                env.update(os.environ)  # type: ignore
+                env.update(new_values)
+            else:
+                env.update(new_values)
+                env.update(os.environ)  # type: ignore
+            result = "".join(atom.resolve(env) for atom in atoms)
+
+        new_values[name] = result
+
+    return new_values
+
+
+def _walk_to_root(path: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yield directories starting from the given directory up to the root
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(path):
+        raise IOError("Starting path not found")
+
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        path = os.path.dirname(path)
+
+    last_dir = None
+    current_dir = os.path.abspath(path)
+    while last_dir != current_dir:
+        yield current_dir
+        parent_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(current_dir, os.path.pardir))
+        last_dir, current_dir = current_dir, parent_dir
+
+
+def find_dotenv(
+    filename: str = ".env",
+    raise_error_if_not_found: bool = False,
+    usecwd: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Search in increasingly higher folders for the given file
+
+    Returns path to the file if found, or an empty string otherwise
+    """
+
+    def _is_interactive():
+        """Decide whether this is running in a REPL or IPython notebook"""
+        if hasattr(sys, "ps1") or hasattr(sys, "ps2"):
+            return True
+        try:
+            main = __import__("__main__", None, None, fromlist=["__file__"])
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        return not hasattr(main, "__file__")
+
+    def _is_debugger():
+        return sys.gettrace() is not None
+
+    if usecwd or _is_interactive() or _is_debugger() or getattr(sys, "frozen", False):
+        # Should work without __file__, e.g. in REPL or IPython notebook.
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    else:
+        # will work for .py files
+        frame = sys._getframe()
+        current_file = __file__
+
+        while frame.f_code.co_filename == current_file or not os.path.exists(
+            frame.f_code.co_filename
+        ):
+            assert frame.f_back is not None
+            frame = frame.f_back
+        frame_filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
+        path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(frame_filename))
+
+    for dirname in _walk_to_root(path):
+        check_path = os.path.join(dirname, filename)
+        if _is_file_or_fifo(check_path):
+            return check_path
+
+    if raise_error_if_not_found:
+        raise IOError("File not found")
+
+    return ""
+
+
+def load_dotenv(
+    dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    override: bool = False,
+    interpolate: bool = True,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> bool:
+    """Parse a .env file and then load all the variables found as environment variables.
+
+    Parameters:
+        dotenv_path: Absolute or relative path to .env file.
+        stream: Text stream (such as `io.StringIO`) with .env content, used if
+            `dotenv_path` is `None`.
+        verbose: Whether to output a warning the .env file is missing.
+        override: Whether to override the system environment variables with the variables
+            from the `.env` file.
+        encoding: Encoding to be used to read the file.
+    Returns:
+        Bool: True if at least one environment variable is set else False
+
+    If both `dotenv_path` and `stream` are `None`, `find_dotenv()` is used to find the
+    .env file with it's default parameters. If you need to change the default parameters
+    of `find_dotenv()`, you can explicitly call `find_dotenv()` and pass the result
+    to this function as `dotenv_path`.
+
+    If the environment variable `PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED` is set to a truthy value,
+    .env loading is disabled.
+    """
+    if _load_dotenv_disabled():
+        logger.debug(
+            "python-dotenv: .env loading disabled by PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED environment variable"
+        )
+        return False
+
+    if dotenv_path is None and stream is None:
+        dotenv_path = find_dotenv()
+
+    dotenv = DotEnv(
+        dotenv_path=dotenv_path,
+        stream=stream,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        interpolate=interpolate,
+        override=override,
+        encoding=encoding,
+    )
+    return dotenv.set_as_environment_variables()
+
+
+def dotenv_values(
+    dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    interpolate: bool = True,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Parse a .env file and return its content as a dict.
+
+    The returned dict will have `None` values for keys without values in the .env file.
+    For example, `foo=bar` results in `{"foo": "bar"}` whereas `foo` alone results in
+    `{"foo": None}`
+
+    Parameters:
+        dotenv_path: Absolute or relative path to the .env file.
+        stream: `StringIO` object with .env content, used if `dotenv_path` is `None`.
+        verbose: Whether to output a warning if the .env file is missing.
+        encoding: Encoding to be used to read the file.
+
+    If both `dotenv_path` and `stream` are `None`, `find_dotenv()` is used to find the
+    .env file.
+    """
+    if dotenv_path is None and stream is None:
+        dotenv_path = find_dotenv()
+
+    return DotEnv(
+        dotenv_path=dotenv_path,
+        stream=stream,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        interpolate=interpolate,
+        override=True,
+        encoding=encoding,
+    ).dict()
+
+
+def _is_file_or_fifo(path: StrPath) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if `path` exists and is either a regular file or a FIFO.
+    """
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        return True
+
+    try:
+        st = os.stat(path)
+    except (FileNotFoundError, OSError):
+        return False
+
+    return stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb100b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Iterator,
+    Match,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+)
+
+
+def make_regex(string: str, extra_flags: int = 0) -> Pattern[str]:
+    return re.compile(string, re.UNICODE | extra_flags)
+
+
+_newline = make_regex(r"(\r\n|\n|\r)")
+_multiline_whitespace = make_regex(r"\s*", extra_flags=re.MULTILINE)
+_whitespace = make_regex(r"[^\S\r\n]*")
+_export = make_regex(r"(?:export[^\S\r\n]+)?")
+_single_quoted_key = make_regex(r"'([^']+)'")
+_unquoted_key = make_regex(r"([^=\#\s]+)")
+_equal_sign = make_regex(r"(=[^\S\r\n]*)")
+_single_quoted_value = make_regex(r"'((?:\\'|[^'])*)'")
+_double_quoted_value = make_regex(r'"((?:\\"|[^"])*)"')
+_unquoted_value = make_regex(r"([^\r\n]*)")
+_comment = make_regex(r"(?:[^\S\r\n]*#[^\r\n]*)?")
+_end_of_line = make_regex(r"[^\S\r\n]*(?:\r\n|\n|\r|$)")
+_rest_of_line = make_regex(r"[^\r\n]*(?:\r|\n|\r\n)?")
+_double_quote_escapes = make_regex(r"\\[\\'\"abfnrtv]")
+_single_quote_escapes = make_regex(r"\\[\\']")
+
+
+class Original(NamedTuple):
+    string: str
+    line: int
+
+
+class Binding(NamedTuple):
+    key: Optional[str]
+    value: Optional[str]
+    original: Original
+    error: bool
+
+
+class Position:
+    def __init__(self, chars: int, line: int) -> None:
+        self.chars = chars
+        self.line = line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def start(cls) -> "Position":
+        return cls(chars=0, line=1)
+
+    def set(self, other: "Position") -> None:
+        self.chars = other.chars
+        self.line = other.line
+
+    def advance(self, string: str) -> None:
+        self.chars += len(string)
+        self.line += len(re.findall(_newline, string))
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Reader:
+    def __init__(self, stream: IO[str]) -> None:
+        self.string = stream.read()
+        self.position = Position.start()
+        self.mark = Position.start()
+
+    def has_next(self) -> bool:
+        return self.position.chars < len(self.string)
+
+    def set_mark(self) -> None:
+        self.mark.set(self.position)
+
+    def get_marked(self) -> Original:
+        return Original(
+            string=self.string[self.mark.chars : self.position.chars],
+            line=self.mark.line,
+        )
+
+    def peek(self, count: int) -> str:
+        return self.string[self.position.chars : self.position.chars + count]
+
+    def read(self, count: int) -> str:
+        result = self.string[self.position.chars : self.position.chars + count]
+        if len(result) < count:
+            raise Error("read: End of string")
+        self.position.advance(result)
+        return result
+
+    def read_regex(self, regex: Pattern[str]) -> Sequence[str]:
+        match = regex.match(self.string, self.position.chars)
+        if match is None:
+            raise Error("read_regex: Pattern not found")
+        self.position.advance(self.string[match.start() : match.end()])
+        return match.groups()
+
+
+def decode_escapes(regex: Pattern[str], string: str) -> str:
+    def decode_match(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        return codecs.decode(match.group(0), "unicode-escape")  # type: ignore
+
+    return regex.sub(decode_match, string)
+
+
+def parse_key(reader: Reader) -> Optional[str]:
+    char = reader.peek(1)
+    if char == "#":
+        return None
+    elif char == "'":
+        (key,) = reader.read_regex(_single_quoted_key)
+    else:
+        (key,) = reader.read_regex(_unquoted_key)
+    return key
+
+
+def parse_unquoted_value(reader: Reader) -> str:
+    (part,) = reader.read_regex(_unquoted_value)
+    return re.sub(r"\s+#.*", "", part).rstrip()
+
+
+def parse_value(reader: Reader) -> str:
+    char = reader.peek(1)
+    if char == "'":
+        (value,) = reader.read_regex(_single_quoted_value)
+        return decode_escapes(_single_quote_escapes, value)
+    elif char == '"':
+        (value,) = reader.read_regex(_double_quoted_value)
+        return decode_escapes(_double_quote_escapes, value)
+    elif char in ("", "\n", "\r"):
+        return ""
+    else:
+        return parse_unquoted_value(reader)
+
+
+def parse_binding(reader: Reader) -> Binding:
+    reader.set_mark()
+    try:
+        reader.read_regex(_multiline_whitespace)
+        if not reader.has_next():
+            return Binding(
+                key=None,
+                value=None,
+                original=reader.get_marked(),
+                error=False,
+            )
+        reader.read_regex(_export)
+        key = parse_key(reader)
+        reader.read_regex(_whitespace)
+        if reader.peek(1) == "=":
+            reader.read_regex(_equal_sign)
+            value: Optional[str] = parse_value(reader)
+        else:
+            value = None
+        reader.read_regex(_comment)
+        reader.read_regex(_end_of_line)
+        return Binding(
+            key=key,
+            value=value,
+            original=reader.get_marked(),
+            error=False,
+        )
+    except Error:
+        reader.read_regex(_rest_of_line)
+        return Binding(
+            key=None,
+            value=None,
+            original=reader.get_marked(),
+            error=True,
+        )
+
+
+def parse_stream(stream: IO[str]) -> Iterator[Binding]:
+    reader = Reader(stream)
+    while reader.has_next():
+        yield parse_binding(reader)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7632ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Marker file for PEP 561
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..667f2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import re
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from typing import Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Pattern
+
+_posix_variable: Pattern[str] = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    \$\{
+        (?P<name>[^\}:]*)
+        (?::-
+            (?P<default>[^\}]*)
+        )?
+    \}
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+class Atom(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        result = self.__eq__(other)
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return not result
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str: ...
+
+
+class Literal(Atom):
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Literal(value={self.value})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.value))
+
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class Variable(Atom):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, default: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.default = default
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Variable(name={self.name}, default={self.default})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return (self.name, self.default) == (other.name, other.default)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.name, self.default))
+
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+        default = self.default if self.default is not None else ""
+        result = env.get(self.name, default)
+        return result if result is not None else ""
+
+
+def parse_variables(value: str) -> Iterator[Atom]:
+    cursor = 0
+
+    for match in _posix_variable.finditer(value):
+        (start, end) = match.span()
+        name = match["name"]
+        default = match["default"]
+
+        if start > cursor:
+            yield Literal(value=value[cursor:start])
+
+        yield Variable(name=name, default=default)
+        cursor = end
+
+    length = len(value)
+    if cursor < length:
+        yield Literal(value=value[cursor:length])
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc86c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.2.2"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf3259f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: fastapi
+Version: 0.138.0
+Summary: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production
+Author-Email: =?utf-8?q?Sebasti=C3=A1n_Ram=C3=ADrez?= <tiangolo@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Framework :: FastAPI
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic :: 2
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: HTTP Servers
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/release-notes/
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: starlette>=0.46.0
+Requires-Dist: pydantic>=2.9.0
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.8.0
+Requires-Dist: typing-inspection>=0.4.2
+Requires-Dist: annotated-doc>=0.0.2
+Provides-Extra: standard
+Requires-Dist: fastapi-cli[standard]>=0.0.8; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: fastar>=0.9.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: httpx<1.0.0,>=0.23.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: jinja2>=3.1.5; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings>=2.0.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-extra-types>=2.0.0; extra == "standard"
+Provides-Extra: standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli
+Requires-Dist: fastapi-cli[standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli]>=0.0.8; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: httpx<1.0.0,>=0.23.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: jinja2>=3.1.5; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings>=2.0.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-extra-types>=2.0.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Provides-Extra: all
+Requires-Dist: fastapi-cli[standard]>=0.0.8; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: httpx<1.0.0,>=0.23.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: jinja2>=3.1.5; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: itsdangerous>=1.1.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml>=5.3.1; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings>=2.0.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-extra-types>=2.0.0; extra == "all"
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster">
+    <img src="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/fastapi/fastapi">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/fastapi/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/fastapi.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com)
+
+**Source Code**: [https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi)
+
+---
+
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python based on standard Python type hints.
+
+The key features are:
+
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
+* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <dfn title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</dfn> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
+* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: [OpenAPI](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification) (previously known as Swagger) and [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/).
+
+<small>* estimation based on tests conducted by an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
+
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+### Keystone Sponsor
+
+<a href="https://fastapicloud.com" target="_blank" title="FastAPI Cloud. By the same team behind FastAPI. You code. We Cloud."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fastapicloud.png"></a>
+
+### Gold Sponsors
+
+<a href="https://blockbee.io?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="BlockBee Cryptocurrency Payment Gateway"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/blockbee.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge" target="_blank" title="Auth, user management and more for your B2B product"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png"></a>
+<a href="https://docs.render.com/deploy-fastapi?utm_source=deploydoc&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Deploy & scale any full-stack web app on Render. Focus on building apps, not infra."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/render.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.coderabbit.ai/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Cut Code Review Time & Bugs in Half with CodeRabbit"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coderabbit.png"></a>
+<a href="https://subtotal.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=open-source" target="_blank" title="The Gold Standard in Retail Account Linking"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/subtotal.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://docs.railway.com/guides/fastapi?utm_medium=integration&utm_source=docs&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Deploy enterprise applications at startup speed"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/railway.png"></a>
+<a href="https://serpapi.com/?utm_source=fastapi_website" target="_blank" title="SerpApi: Web Search API"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/serpapi.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.greptile.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fastapi_sponsor_page" target="_blank" title="Greptile: The AI Code Reviewer"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/greptile.png"></a>
+
+### Silver Sponsors
+
+<a href="https://databento.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor&utm_content=display" target="_blank" title="Pay as you go for market data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/databento.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.stainlessapi.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral" target="_blank" title="Stainless | Generate best-in-class SDKs"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/stainless.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.permit.io/blog/implement-authorization-in-fastapi?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Fine-Grained Authorization for FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/permit.png"></a>
+<a href="https://dribia.com/en/" target="_blank" title="Dribia - Data Science within your reach"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dribia.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Try RapidProxy for free - Residential Proxies with 90M+ Global IPs. Starting from $0.65/GB for web scraping, automation, and data collection."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/rapidproxy.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.bairesdev.com/" target="_blank" title="BairesDev | Nearshore Software Development & Staff Augmentation Company"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bairesdev.svg"></a>
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+[Other sponsors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors)
+
+## Opinions
+
+
+
+<div class="only-github" markdown="1">
+
+"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/26"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+</div>
+
+## FastAPI Conf
+
+[**FastAPI Conf '26**](https://fastapiconf.com) is happening on **October 28, 2026** in **Amsterdam, NL**. All about FastAPI, right from the source. 🎤
+
+<a class="fastapi-feature-banner" href="https://fastapiconf.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/fastapi-conf.jpeg" alt="FastAPI Conf '26 - October 28, 2026 - Amsterdam, NL"></a>
+
+## FastAPI mini documentary
+
+There's a [FastAPI mini documentary](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpR8ngthqiE) released at the end of 2025, you can watch it online:
+
+<a class="fastapi-feature-banner" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpR8ngthqiE"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/fastapi-documentary.jpg" alt="FastAPI Mini Documentary"></a>
+
+## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
+
+<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
+
+If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out [**Typer**](https://typer.tiangolo.com/).
+
+**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
+
+## Requirements
+
+FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
+
+* [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/) for the web parts.
+* [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) for the data parts.
+
+## Installation
+
+Create and activate a [virtual environment](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/virtual-environments/) and then install FastAPI:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+**Note**: Make sure you put `"fastapi[standard]"` in quotes to ensure it works in all terminals.
+
+## Example
+
+### Create it
+
+Create a file `main.py` with:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
+
+If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="7  12"
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+**Note**:
+
+If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about [`async` and `await` in the docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry).
+
+</details>
+
+### Run it
+
+Run the server with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ fastapi dev
+
+ ╭────────── FastAPI CLI - Development mode ───────────╮
+ │                                                     │
+ │  Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8000                  │
+ │                                                     │
+ │  API docs: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs               │
+ │                                                     │
+ │  Running in development mode, for production use:   │
+ │                                                     │
+ │  fastapi run                                        │
+ │                                                     │
+ ╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+
+INFO:     Will watch for changes in these directories: ['/home/user/code/awesomeapp']
+INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+INFO:     Started reloader process [2248755] using WatchFiles
+INFO:     Started server process [2248757]
+INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
+INFO:     Application startup complete.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>About the command <code>fastapi dev</code>...</summary>
+
+The command `fastapi dev` reads your `main.py` file automatically, detects the **FastAPI** app in it, and starts a server using [Uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.dev).
+
+By default, `fastapi dev` will start with auto-reload enabled for local development.
+
+You can read more about it in the [FastAPI CLI docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-cli/).
+
+</details>
+
+### Check it
+
+Open your browser at [http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery](http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery).
+
+You will see the JSON response as:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+You already created an API that:
+
+* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
+* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
+
+### Interactive API docs
+
+Now go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs](http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs).
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui)):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs
+
+And now, go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc](http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc).
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by [ReDoc](https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc)):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Example upgrade
+
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
+
+Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7-10 23-25"
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+    is_offer: bool | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+The `fastapi dev` server should reload automatically.
+
+### Interactive API docs upgrade
+
+Now go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs](http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs).
+
+* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
+
+* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
+
+* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs upgrade
+
+And now, go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc](http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc).
+
+* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
+
+### Recap
+
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
+
+You do that with standard modern Python types.
+
+You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
+
+Just standard **Python**.
+
+For example, for an `int`:
+
+```Python
+item_id: int
+```
+
+or for a more complex `Item` model:
+
+```Python
+item: Item
+```
+
+...and with that single declaration you get:
+
+* Editor support, including:
+    * Completion.
+    * Type checks.
+* Validation of data:
+    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
+    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
+    * JSON.
+    * Path parameters.
+    * Query parameters.
+    * Cookies.
+    * Headers.
+    * Forms.
+    * Files.
+* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
+    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
+    * `datetime` objects.
+    * `UUID` objects.
+    * Database models.
+    * ...and many more.
+* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
+    * Swagger UI.
+    * ReDoc.
+
+---
+
+Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
+
+* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
+* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
+    * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
+    * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, read the body as JSON:
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
+    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
+    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
+    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
+* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
+
+---
+
+We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
+
+Try changing the line with:
+
+```Python
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+...from:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_name": item.name ...
+```
+
+...to:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_price": item.price ...
+```
+
+...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
+
+For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
+
+**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
+
+* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places such as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
+* How to set **validation constraints** such as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* A very powerful and easy to use **<dfn title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</dfn>** system.
+* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
+* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
+* **GraphQL** integration with [Strawberry](https://strawberry.rocks) and other libraries.
+* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) such as:
+    * **WebSockets**
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
+    * **CORS**
+    * **Cookie Sessions**
+    * ...and more.
+
+### Deploy your app (optional)
+
+You can optionally deploy your FastAPI app to [FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com) with a single command. 🚀
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ fastapi deploy
+
+Deploying to FastAPI Cloud...
+
+✅ Deployment successful!
+
+🐔 Ready the chicken! Your app is ready at https://myapp.fastapicloud.dev
+```
+
+</div>
+
+The CLI will automatically detect your FastAPI application and deploy it to the cloud. If you are not logged in, your browser will open to complete the authentication process.
+
+That's it! Now you can access your app at that URL. ✨
+
+#### About FastAPI Cloud
+
+**[FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com)** is built by the same author and team behind **FastAPI**.
+
+It streamlines the process of **building**, **deploying**, and **accessing** an API with minimal effort.
+
+It brings the same **developer experience** of building apps with FastAPI to **deploying** them to the cloud. 🎉
+
+FastAPI Cloud is the primary sponsor and funding provider for the *FastAPI and friends* open source projects. ✨
+
+#### Deploy to other cloud providers
+
+FastAPI is open source and based on standards. You can deploy FastAPI apps to any cloud provider you choose.
+
+Follow your cloud provider's guides to deploy FastAPI apps with them. 🤓
+
+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as [one of the fastest Python frameworks available](https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7), only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section [Benchmarks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/).
+
+## Dependencies
+
+FastAPI depends on Pydantic and Starlette.
+
+### `standard` Dependencies
+
+When you install FastAPI with `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` it comes with the `standard` group of optional dependencies:
+
+Used by Pydantic:
+
+* [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) - for email validation.
+
+Used by Starlette:
+
+* [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org) - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* [`jinja2`](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com) - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart) - Required if you want to support form <dfn title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</dfn>, with `request.form()`.
+
+Used by FastAPI:
+
+* [`uvicorn`](https://www.uvicorn.dev) - for the server that loads and serves your application. This includes `uvicorn[standard]`, which includes some dependencies (e.g. `uvloop`) needed for high performance serving.
+* `fastapi-cli[standard]` - to provide the `fastapi` command.
+    * This includes `fastapi-cloud-cli`, which allows you to deploy your FastAPI application to [FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com).
+
+### Without `standard` Dependencies
+
+If you don't want to include the `standard` optional dependencies, you can install with `pip install fastapi` instead of `pip install "fastapi[standard]"`.
+
+### Without `fastapi-cloud-cli`
+
+If you want to install FastAPI with the standard dependencies but without the `fastapi-cloud-cli`, you can install with `pip install "fastapi[standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli]"`.
+
+### Additional Optional Dependencies
+
+There are some additional dependencies you might want to install.
+
+Additional optional Pydantic dependencies:
+
+* [`pydantic-settings`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/pydantic_settings/) - for settings management.
+* [`pydantic-extra-types`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/extra_types/extra_types/) - for extra types to be used with Pydantic.
+
+Additional optional FastAPI dependencies:
+
+* [`orjson`](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
+* [`ujson`](https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson) - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67e0651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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+fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=GCf-WbIZxyGT4MUmrPGj1cOHYZoGsNPHAvNkT6hnGeA,61
+fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=Tsif_IFIW5f-xYSy1KlhAy7v_oNEU4lP2cEnSQbMdE4,1086
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md,sha256=sJ7wiSY8WOd9YhhMd9nd2iGJWtIjox_JpaYxHV1HB1M,11240
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md,sha256=i2txoD-hRoCQWoH1PxiDuQwqt6xl7vp3wmZMLQON5Gk,3268
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md,sha256=oskZlYkCdGgezS9mIfqW5kImCGtOsgPUa46Sd81H-P0,1527
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md,sha256=bHaIKnwbTkd7TUVQm_uxapUnAlEG4rdvALV9koD5ypI,2581
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e651d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: pdm-backend (2.4.9)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b81849e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[console_scripts]
+fastapi = fastapi.cli:main
+
+[gui_scripts]
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e92463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Sebastián Ramírez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ecd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+---
+name: fastapi
+description: FastAPI best practices and conventions. Use when working with FastAPI APIs and Pydantic models for them. Keeps FastAPI code clean and up to date with the latest features and patterns, updated with new versions. Write new code or refactor and update old code.
+---
+
+# FastAPI
+
+Official FastAPI skill to write code with best practices, keeping up to date with new versions and features.
+
+## Use the `fastapi` CLI
+
+Run the development server on localhost with reload:
+
+```bash
+fastapi dev
+```
+
+
+Run the production server:
+
+```bash
+fastapi run
+```
+
+### Add an entrypoint in `pyproject.toml`
+
+FastAPI CLI will read the entrypoint in `pyproject.toml` to know where the FastAPI app is declared.
+
+```toml
+[tool.fastapi]
+entrypoint = "my_app.main:app"
+```
+
+### Use `fastapi` with a path
+
+When adding the entrypoint to `pyproject.toml` is not possible, or the user explicitly asks not to, or it's running an independent small app, you can pass the app file path to the `fastapi` command:
+
+```bash
+fastapi dev my_app/main.py
+```
+
+Prefer to set the entrypoint in `pyproject.toml` when possible.
+
+## Use `Annotated`
+
+Always prefer the `Annotated` style for parameter and dependency declarations.
+
+It keeps the function signatures working in other contexts, respects the types, allows reusability.
+
+### In Parameter Declarations
+
+Use `Annotated` for parameter declarations, including `Path`, `Query`, `Header`, etc.:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(
+    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(ge=1, description="The item ID")],
+    q: Annotated[str | None, Query(max_length=50)] = None,
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(
+    item_id: int = Path(ge=1, description="The item ID"),
+    q: str | None = Query(default=None, max_length=50),
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+### For Dependencies
+
+Use `Annotated` for dependencies with `Depends()`.
+
+Unless asked not to, create a new type alias for the dependency to allow re-using it.
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_current_user():
+    return {"username": "johndoe"}
+
+
+CurrentUserDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(get_current_user)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_item(current_user: CurrentUserDep):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_item(current_user: dict = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+## Do not use Ellipsis for *path operations* or Pydantic models
+
+Do not use `...` as a default value for required parameters, it's not needed and not recommended.
+
+Do this, without Ellipsis (`...`):
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    price: float = Field(gt=0)
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item, project_id: Annotated[int, Query()]): ...
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str = ...
+    description: str | None = None
+    price: float = Field(..., gt=0)
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item, project_id: Annotated[int, Query(...)]): ...
+```
+
+## Return Type or Response Model
+
+When possible, include a return type. It will be used to validate, filter, document, and serialize the response.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/me")
+async def get_item() -> Item:
+    return Item(name="Plumbus", description="All-purpose home device")
+```
+
+**Important**: Return types or response models are what filter data ensuring no sensitive information is exposed. And they are used to serialize data with Pydantic (in Rust), this is the main idea that can increase response performance.
+
+The return type doesn't have to be a Pydantic model, it could be a different type, like a list of integers, or a dict, etc.
+
+### When to use `response_model` instead
+
+If the return type is not the same as the type that you want to use to validate, filter, or serialize, use the `response_model` parameter on the decorator instead.
+
+```python
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/me", response_model=Item)
+async def get_item() -> Any:
+    return {"name": "Foo", "description": "A very nice Item"}
+```
+
+This can be particularly useful when filtering data to expose only the public fields and avoid exposing sensitive information.
+
+```python
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class InternalItem(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    secret_key: str
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/me", response_model=Item)
+async def get_item() -> Any:
+    item = InternalItem(
+        name="Foo", description="A very nice Item", secret_key="supersecret"
+    )
+    return item
+```
+
+## Performance
+
+Do not use `ORJSONResponse` or `UJSONResponse`, they are deprecated.
+
+Instead, declare a return type or response model. Pydantic will handle the data serialization on the Rust side.
+
+## Including Routers
+
+When declaring routers, prefer to add router level parameters like prefix, tags, etc. to the router itself, instead of in `include_router()`.
+
+Do this:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/items", tags=["items"])
+
+
+@router.get("/")
+async def list_items():
+    return []
+
+
+# In main.py
+app.include_router(router)
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/")
+async def list_items():
+    return []
+
+
+# In main.py
+app.include_router(router, prefix="/items", tags=["items"])
+```
+
+There could be exceptions, but try to follow this convention.
+
+Apply shared dependencies at the router level via `dependencies=[Depends(...)]`.
+
+## Serve Frontend Apps
+
+Use `app.frontend()` to serve a built static frontend app, for example a directory generated by Vite, Astro, Angular, Svelte, Vue, or a similar tool.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+app.frontend("/", directory="dist")
+```
+
+Use `router.frontend()` when the frontend belongs to an `APIRouter`; normal router prefix behavior applies when the router is included.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/admin")
+
+router.frontend("/", directory="admin-dist")
+app.include_router(router)
+```
+
+`app.frontend()` and `router.frontend()` are low-priority routes: regular API routes are matched first, then frontend files and client-side routing fallbacks. Use this for single-page apps and built frontend assets instead of mounting `StaticFiles` manually.
+
+## Dependency Injection
+
+See [the dependency injection reference](references/dependencies.md) for detailed patterns including `yield` with `scope`, and class dependencies.
+
+Use dependencies when the logic can't be declared in Pydantic validation, depends on external resources, needs cleanup (with `yield`), or is shared across endpoints.
+
+Apply shared dependencies at the router level via `dependencies=[Depends(...)]`.
+
+## Async vs Sync *path operations*
+
+Use `async` *path operations* only when fully certain that the logic called inside is compatible with async and await (it's called with `await`) or that it doesn't block.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+# Use async def when calling async code
+@app.get("/async-items/")
+async def read_async_items():
+    data = await some_async_library.fetch_items()
+    return data
+
+
+# Use plain def when calling blocking/sync code or when in doubt
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items():
+    data = some_blocking_library.fetch_items()
+    return data
+```
+
+In case of doubt, or by default, use regular `def` functions, those will be run in a threadpool so they don't block the event loop.
+
+The same rules apply to dependencies.
+
+Make sure blocking code is not run inside of `async` functions. The logic will work, but will damage the performance heavily.
+
+When needing to mix blocking and async code, see Asyncer in [the other tools reference](references/other-tools.md).
+
+## Streaming (JSON Lines, SSE, bytes)
+
+See [the streaming reference](references/streaming.md) for JSON Lines, Server-Sent Events (`EventSourceResponse`, `ServerSentEvent`), and byte streaming (`StreamingResponse`) patterns.
+
+## Tooling
+
+See [the other tools reference](references/other-tools.md) for details on uv, Ruff, ty for package management, linting, type checking, formatting, etc.
+
+## Other Libraries
+
+See [the other tools reference](references/other-tools.md) for details on other libraries:
+
+* Asyncer for handling async and await, concurrency, mixing async and blocking code, prefer it over AnyIO or asyncio.
+* SQLModel for working with SQL databases, prefer it over SQLAlchemy.
+* HTTPX for interacting with HTTP (other APIs), prefer it over Requests.
+
+## Do not use Pydantic RootModels
+
+Do not use Pydantic `RootModel`, instead use regular type annotations with `Annotated` and Pydantic validation utilities.
+
+For example, for a list with validations you could do:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+from pydantic import Field
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_items(items: Annotated[list[int], Field(min_length=1), Body()]):
+    return items
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import Field, RootModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class ItemList(RootModel[Annotated[list[int], Field(min_length=1)]]):
+    pass
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_items(items: ItemList):
+    return items
+
+```
+
+FastAPI supports these type annotations and will create a Pydantic `TypeAdapter` for them, so that types can work as normally and there's no need for the custom logic and types in RootModels.
+
+## Use one HTTP operation per function
+
+Don't mix HTTP operations in a single function, having one function per HTTP operation helps separate concerns and organize the code.
+
+Do this:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def list_items():
+    return []
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return item
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+
+
+@app.api_route("/items/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
+async def handle_items(request: Request):
+    if request.method == "GET":
+        return []
+```
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a562dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Dependency Injection
+
+Use dependencies when:
+
+* They can't be declared in Pydantic validation and require additional logic
+* The logic depends on external resources or could block in any other way
+* Other dependencies need their results (it's a sub-dependency)
+* The logic can be shared by multiple endpoints to do things like error early, handle authentication, etc.
+* They need to handle cleanup (e.g., DB sessions, file handles), using dependencies with `yield`
+* Their logic needs input data from the request, like headers, query parameters, etc.
+
+## Dependencies with `yield` and `scope`
+
+When using dependencies with `yield`, they can have a `scope` that defines when the exit code is run.
+
+Use the default scope `"request"` to run the exit code after the response is sent back.
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_db():
+    db = DBSession()
+    try:
+        yield db
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+
+DBDep = Annotated[DBSession, Depends(get_db)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(db: DBDep):
+    return db.query(Item).all()
+```
+
+Use the scope `"function"` when they should run the exit code after the response data is generated but before the response is sent back to the client.
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_username():
+    try:
+        yield "Rick"
+    finally:
+        print("Clean up before response is sent")
+
+UserNameDep = Annotated[str, Depends(get_username, scope="function")]
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+def get_user_me(username: UserNameDep):
+    return username
+```
+
+## Class Dependencies
+
+Avoid creating class dependencies when possible.
+
+If a class is needed, instead create a regular function dependency that returns a class instance.
+
+Do this:
+
+```python
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DatabasePaginator:
+    offset: int = 0
+    limit: int = 100
+    q: str | None = None
+
+    def get_page(self) -> dict:
+        # Simulate a page of data
+        return {
+            "offset": self.offset,
+            "limit": self.limit,
+            "q": self.q,
+            "items": [],
+        }
+
+
+def get_db_paginator(
+    offset: int = 0, limit: int = 100, q: str | None = None
+) -> DatabasePaginator:
+    return DatabasePaginator(offset=offset, limit=limit, q=q)
+
+
+PaginatorDep = Annotated[DatabasePaginator, Depends(get_db_paginator)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(paginator: PaginatorDep):
+    return paginator.get_page()
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class DatabasePaginator:
+    def __init__(self, offset: int = 0, limit: int = 100, q: str | None = None):
+        self.offset = offset
+        self.limit = limit
+        self.q = q
+
+    def get_page(self) -> dict:
+        # Simulate a page of data
+        return {
+            "offset": self.offset,
+            "limit": self.limit,
+            "q": self.q,
+            "items": [],
+        }
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(paginator: Annotated[DatabasePaginator, Depends()]):
+    return paginator.get_page()
+```
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5b58cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Other Tools
+
+## uv
+
+If uv is available, use it to manage dependencies.
+
+## Ruff
+
+If Ruff is available, use it to lint and format the code. Consider enabling the FastAPI rules.
+
+## ty
+
+If ty is available, use it to check types.
+
+## Asyncer
+
+When needing to run blocking code inside of async functions, or async code inside of blocking functions, suggest using Asyncer.
+
+Prefer it over AnyIO or asyncio.
+
+Install:
+
+```bash
+uv add asyncer
+```
+
+Run blocking sync code inside of async with `asyncify()`:
+
+```python
+from asyncer import asyncify
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def do_blocking_work(name: str) -> str:
+    # Some blocking I/O operation
+    return f"Hello {name}"
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    result = await asyncify(do_blocking_work)(name="World")
+    return {"message": result}
+```
+
+And run async code inside of blocking sync code with `syncify()`:
+
+```python
+from asyncer import syncify
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def do_async_work(name: str) -> str:
+    return f"Hello {name}"
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items():
+    result = syncify(do_async_work)(name="World")
+    return {"message": result}
+```
+
+## SQLModel for SQL databases
+
+When working with SQL databases, prefer using SQLModel as it is integrated with Pydantic and will allow declaring data validation with the same models.
+
+Prefer it over SQLAlchemy.
+
+## HTTPX
+
+Use HTTPX for handling HTTP communication (e.g. with other APIs). It supports sync and async usage.
+
+Prefer it over Requests.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0832eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Streaming
+
+## Stream JSON Lines
+
+To stream JSON Lines, declare the return type and use `yield` to return the data.
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/stream")
+async def stream_items() -> AsyncIterable[Item]:
+    for item in items:
+        yield item
+```
+
+## Server-Sent Events (SSE)
+
+To stream Server-Sent Events, use `response_class=EventSourceResponse` and `yield` items from the endpoint.
+
+Plain objects are automatically JSON-serialized as `data:` fields, declare the return type so the serialization is done by Pydantic:
+
+```python
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+@app.get("/items/stream", response_class=EventSourceResponse)
+async def stream_items() -> AsyncIterable[Item]:
+    yield Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.99)
+    yield Item(name="Portal Gun", price=999.99)
+```
+
+For full control over SSE fields (`event`, `id`, `retry`, `comment`), yield `ServerSentEvent` instances:
+
+```python
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse, ServerSentEvent
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/events", response_class=EventSourceResponse)
+async def stream_events() -> AsyncIterable[ServerSentEvent]:
+    yield ServerSentEvent(data={"status": "started"}, event="status", id="1")
+    yield ServerSentEvent(data={"progress": 50}, event="progress", id="2")
+```
+
+Use `raw_data` instead of `data` to send pre-formatted strings without JSON encoding:
+
+```python
+yield ServerSentEvent(raw_data="plain text line", event="log")
+```
+
+## Stream bytes
+
+To stream bytes, declare a `response_class=` of `StreamingResponse` or a sub-class, and use `yield` to return the data.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from app.utils import read_image
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class PNGStreamingResponse(StreamingResponse):
+    media_type = "image/png"
+
+@app.get("/image", response_class=PNGStreamingResponse)
+def stream_image_no_async_no_annotation():
+    with read_image() as image_file:
+        yield from image_file
+```
+
+prefer this over returning a `StreamingResponse` directly:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+
+import anyio
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from app.utils import read_image
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class PNGStreamingResponse(StreamingResponse):
+    media_type = "image/png"
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    return PNGStreamingResponse(read_image())
+```
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7b99b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""
+
+__version__ = "0.138.0"
+
+from starlette import status as status
+
+from .applications import FastAPI as FastAPI
+from .background import BackgroundTasks as BackgroundTasks
+from .datastructures import UploadFile as UploadFile
+from .exceptions import HTTPException as HTTPException
+from .exceptions import WebSocketException as WebSocketException
+from .param_functions import Body as Body
+from .param_functions import Cookie as Cookie
+from .param_functions import Depends as Depends
+from .param_functions import File as File
+from .param_functions import Form as Form
+from .param_functions import Header as Header
+from .param_functions import Path as Path
+from .param_functions import Query as Query
+from .param_functions import Security as Security
+from .requests import Request as Request
+from .responses import Response as Response
+from .routing import APIRouter as APIRouter
+from .websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket
+from .websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc36465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from fastapi.cli import main
+
+main()
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4581c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from .shared import PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE as PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE
+from .shared import annotation_is_pydantic_v1 as annotation_is_pydantic_v1
+from .shared import field_annotation_is_scalar as field_annotation_is_scalar
+from .shared import (
+    field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence as field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence,
+)
+from .shared import field_annotation_is_sequence as field_annotation_is_sequence
+from .shared import (
+    is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation as is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation,
+)
+from .shared import is_bytes_sequence_annotation as is_bytes_sequence_annotation
+from .shared import is_pydantic_v1_model_instance as is_pydantic_v1_model_instance
+from .shared import (
+    is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation as is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation,
+)
+from .shared import (
+    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation as is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
+)
+from .shared import lenient_issubclass as lenient_issubclass
+from .shared import sequence_types as sequence_types
+from .shared import value_is_sequence as value_is_sequence
+from .v2 import ModelField as ModelField
+from .v2 import PydanticSchemaGenerationError as PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+from .v2 import RequiredParam as RequiredParam
+from .v2 import Undefined as Undefined
+from .v2 import Url as Url
+from .v2 import copy_field_info as copy_field_info
+from .v2 import create_body_model as create_body_model
+from .v2 import evaluate_forwardref as evaluate_forwardref
+from .v2 import get_cached_model_fields as get_cached_model_fields
+from .v2 import get_definitions as get_definitions
+from .v2 import get_flat_models_from_fields as get_flat_models_from_fields
+from .v2 import get_missing_field_error as get_missing_field_error
+from .v2 import get_model_name_map as get_model_name_map
+from .v2 import get_schema_from_model_field as get_schema_from_model_field
+from .v2 import is_scalar_field as is_scalar_field
+from .v2 import serialize_sequence_value as serialize_sequence_value
+from .v2 import (
+    with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
+)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__pycache__/v2.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__pycache__/v2.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/shared.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/shared.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd38c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/shared.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import types
+import typing
+import warnings
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    TypeGuard,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from fastapi.types import UnionType
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.version import VERSION as PYDANTIC_VERSION
+from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+# Copy from Pydantic: pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py
+WithArgsTypes: tuple[Any, ...] = (
+    typing._GenericAlias,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
+    types.GenericAlias,
+    types.UnionType,
+)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE = tuple(int(x) for x in PYDANTIC_VERSION.split(".")[:2])
+
+
+sequence_annotation_to_type = {
+    Sequence: list,
+    list: list,
+    tuple: tuple,
+    set: set,
+    frozenset: frozenset,
+    deque: deque,
+}
+
+sequence_types: tuple[type[Any], ...] = tuple(sequence_annotation_to_type.keys())
+
+
+# Copy of Pydantic: pydantic/_internal/_utils.py with added TypeGuard
+def lenient_issubclass(
+    cls: Any, class_or_tuple: type[_T] | tuple[type[_T], ...] | None
+) -> TypeGuard[type[_T]]:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+    except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(cls, WithArgsTypes):
+            return False
+        raise  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def _annotation_is_sequence(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, (str, bytes)):
+        return False
+    return lenient_issubclass(annotation, sequence_types)
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if field_annotation_is_sequence(arg):
+                return True
+        return False
+    return _annotation_is_sequence(annotation) or _annotation_is_sequence(
+        get_origin(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def value_is_sequence(value: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(value, sequence_types) and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes))
+
+
+def _annotation_is_complex(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    return (
+        lenient_issubclass(annotation, (BaseModel, Mapping, UploadFile))
+        or _annotation_is_sequence(annotation)
+        or is_dataclass(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_complex(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        return any(field_annotation_is_complex(arg) for arg in get_args(annotation))
+
+    if origin is Annotated:
+        return field_annotation_is_complex(get_args(annotation)[0])
+
+    return (
+        _annotation_is_complex(annotation)
+        or _annotation_is_complex(origin)
+        or hasattr(origin, "__pydantic_core_schema__")
+        or hasattr(origin, "__get_pydantic_core_schema__")
+    )
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    # handle Ellipsis here to make tuple[int, ...] work nicely
+    return annotation is Ellipsis or not field_annotation_is_complex(annotation)
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        at_least_one_scalar_sequence = False
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(arg):
+                at_least_one_scalar_sequence = True
+                continue
+            elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(arg):
+                return False
+        return at_least_one_scalar_sequence
+    return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all(
+        field_annotation_is_scalar(sub_annotation)
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, bytes):
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if lenient_issubclass(arg, bytes):
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, UploadFile):
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if lenient_issubclass(arg, UploadFile):
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def is_bytes_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        at_least_one = False
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if is_bytes_sequence_annotation(arg):
+                at_least_one = True
+                continue
+        return at_least_one
+    return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all(
+        is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(sub_annotation)
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        at_least_one = False
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(arg):
+                at_least_one = True
+                continue
+        return at_least_one
+    return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all(
+        is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(sub_annotation)
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def is_pydantic_v1_model_instance(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    # TODO: remove this function once the required version of Pydantic fully
+    # removes pydantic.v1
+    try:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
+            from pydantic import v1
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return False
+    return isinstance(obj, v1.BaseModel)
+
+
+def is_pydantic_v1_model_class(cls: Any) -> bool:
+    # TODO: remove this function once the required version of Pydantic fully
+    # removes pydantic.v1
+    try:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
+            from pydantic import v1
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return False
+    return lenient_issubclass(cls, v1.BaseModel)
+
+
+def annotation_is_pydantic_v1(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    if is_pydantic_v1_model_class(annotation):
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if is_pydantic_v1_model_class(arg):
+                return True
+    if field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation):
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation):
+            if annotation_is_pydantic_v1(sub_annotation):
+                return True
+    return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/v2.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/v2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7be686d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/v2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from copy import copy
+from dataclasses import dataclass, is_dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from fastapi._compat import lenient_issubclass, shared
+from fastapi.openapi.constants import REF_TEMPLATE
+from fastapi.types import IncEx, ModelNameMap, UnionType
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, TypeAdapter, create_model
+from pydantic import PydanticSchemaGenerationError as PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+from pydantic import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation as PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from pydantic import ValidationError as ValidationError
+from pydantic._internal import _typing_extra as _pydantic_typing_extra
+from pydantic._internal._schema_generation_shared import (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    GetJsonSchemaHandler as GetJsonSchemaHandler,
+)
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo as FieldInfo
+from pydantic.json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema as _GenerateJsonSchema
+from pydantic.json_schema import JsonSchemaValue as JsonSchemaValue
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema as CoreSchema
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from pydantic_core import Url as Url
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
+    with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
+)
+
+RequiredParam = PydanticUndefined
+Undefined = PydanticUndefined
+
+
+def evaluate_forwardref(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    localns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    # eval_type_lenient has been deprecated since Pydantic v2.10.0b1 (PR #10530)
+    try_eval_type = getattr(_pydantic_typing_extra, "try_eval_type", None)
+    if try_eval_type is not None:
+        return try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)[0]
+    return _pydantic_typing_extra.eval_type_lenient(  # ty: ignore[deprecated]
+        value, globalns, localns
+    )
+
+
+class GenerateJsonSchema(_GenerateJsonSchema):
+    # TODO: remove when this is merged (or equivalent): https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12841
+    # and dropping support for any version of Pydantic before that one (so, in a very long time)
+    def bytes_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        json_schema = {"type": "string", "contentMediaType": "application/octet-stream"}
+        bytes_mode = (
+            self._config.ser_json_bytes
+            if self.mode == "serialization"
+            else self._config.val_json_bytes
+        )
+        if bytes_mode == "base64":
+            json_schema["contentEncoding"] = "base64"
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.bytes)
+        return json_schema
+
+
+# TODO: remove when dropping support for Pydantic < v2.12.3
+_Attrs = {
+    "default": ...,
+    "default_factory": None,
+    "alias": None,
+    "alias_priority": None,
+    "validation_alias": None,
+    "serialization_alias": None,
+    "title": None,
+    "field_title_generator": None,
+    "description": None,
+    "examples": None,
+    "exclude": None,
+    "exclude_if": None,
+    "discriminator": None,
+    "deprecated": None,
+    "json_schema_extra": None,
+    "frozen": None,
+    "validate_default": None,
+    "repr": True,
+    "init": None,
+    "init_var": None,
+    "kw_only": None,
+}
+
+
+# TODO: remove when dropping support for Pydantic < v2.12.3
+def asdict(field_info: FieldInfo) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    attributes = {}
+    for attr in _Attrs:
+        value = getattr(field_info, attr, Undefined)
+        if value is not Undefined:
+            attributes[attr] = value
+    return {
+        "annotation": field_info.annotation,
+        "metadata": field_info.metadata,
+        "attributes": attributes,
+    }
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ModelField:
+    field_info: FieldInfo
+    name: str
+    mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation"
+    config: ConfigDict | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def alias(self) -> str:
+        a = self.field_info.alias
+        return a if a is not None else self.name
+
+    @property
+    def validation_alias(self) -> str | None:
+        va = self.field_info.validation_alias
+        if isinstance(va, str) and va:
+            return va
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def serialization_alias(self) -> str | None:
+        sa = self.field_info.serialization_alias
+        return sa or None
+
+    @property
+    def default(self) -> Any:
+        return self.get_default()
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            # Pydantic >= 2.12.0 warns about field specific metadata that is unused
+            # (e.g. `TypeAdapter(Annotated[int, Field(alias='b')])`). In some cases, we
+            # end up building the type adapter from a model field annotation so we
+            # need to ignore the warning:
+            if shared.PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE >= (2, 12):
+                from pydantic.warnings import UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning
+
+                warnings.simplefilter(
+                    "ignore", category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning
+                )
+            # TODO: remove after setting the min Pydantic to v2.12.3
+            # that adds asdict(), and use self.field_info.asdict() instead
+            field_dict = asdict(self.field_info)
+            annotated_args = (
+                field_dict["annotation"],
+                *field_dict["metadata"],
+                # this FieldInfo needs to be created again so that it doesn't include
+                # the old field info metadata and only the rest of the attributes
+                Field(**field_dict["attributes"]),
+            )
+            self._type_adapter: TypeAdapter[Any] = TypeAdapter(
+                Annotated[annotated_args],  # ty: ignore[invalid-type-form]
+                config=self.config,
+            )
+
+    def get_default(self) -> Any:
+        if self.field_info.is_required():
+            return Undefined
+        return self.field_info.get_default(call_default_factory=True)
+
+    def validate(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        values: dict[str, Any] = {},  # noqa: B006
+        *,
+        loc: tuple[int | str, ...] = (),
+    ) -> tuple[Any, list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        try:
+            return (
+                self._type_adapter.validate_python(value, from_attributes=True),
+                [],
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return None, _regenerate_error_with_loc(
+                errors=exc.errors(include_url=False), loc_prefix=loc
+            )
+
+    def serialize(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["json", "python"] = "json",
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        # What calls this code passes a value that already called
+        # self._type_adapter.validate_python(value)
+        return self._type_adapter.dump_python(
+            value,
+            mode=mode,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_json(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        # What calls this code passes a value that already called
+        # self._type_adapter.validate_python(value)
+        # This uses Pydantic's dump_json() which serializes directly to JSON
+        # bytes in one pass (via Rust), avoiding the intermediate Python dict
+        # step of dump_python(mode="json") + json.dumps().
+        return self._type_adapter.dump_json(
+            value,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        # Each ModelField is unique for our purposes, to allow making a dict from
+        # ModelField to its JSON Schema.
+        return id(self)
+
+
+def _has_computed_fields(field: ModelField) -> bool:
+    computed_fields = field._type_adapter.core_schema.get("schema", {}).get(
+        "computed_fields", []
+    )
+    return len(computed_fields) > 0
+
+
+def get_schema_from_model_field(
+    *,
+    field: ModelField,
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    override_mode: Literal["validation"] | None = (
+        None
+        if (separate_input_output_schemas or _has_computed_fields(field))
+        else "validation"
+    )
+    field_alias = (
+        (field.validation_alias or field.alias)
+        if field.mode == "validation"
+        else (field.serialization_alias or field.alias)
+    )
+
+    # This expects that GenerateJsonSchema was already used to generate the definitions
+    json_schema = field_mapping[(field, override_mode or field.mode)]
+    if "$ref" not in json_schema:
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        # Ref: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/d61792cc42c80b13b23e3ffa74bc37ec7c77f7d1/pydantic/schema.py#L207
+        json_schema["title"] = field.field_info.title or field_alias.title().replace(
+            "_", " "
+        )
+    return json_schema
+
+
+def get_definitions(
+    *,
+    fields: Sequence[ModelField],
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[
+    dict[tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue],
+    dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
+]:
+    schema_generator = GenerateJsonSchema(ref_template=REF_TEMPLATE)
+    validation_fields = [field for field in fields if field.mode == "validation"]
+    serialization_fields = [field for field in fields if field.mode == "serialization"]
+    flat_validation_models = get_flat_models_from_fields(
+        validation_fields, known_models=set()
+    )
+    flat_serialization_models = get_flat_models_from_fields(
+        serialization_fields, known_models=set()
+    )
+    flat_validation_model_fields = [
+        ModelField(
+            field_info=FieldInfo(annotation=model),
+            name=model.__name__,
+            mode="validation",
+        )
+        for model in flat_validation_models
+    ]
+    flat_serialization_model_fields = [
+        ModelField(
+            field_info=FieldInfo(annotation=model),
+            name=model.__name__,
+            mode="serialization",
+        )
+        for model in flat_serialization_models
+    ]
+    flat_model_fields = flat_validation_model_fields + flat_serialization_model_fields
+    input_types = {f.field_info.annotation for f in fields}
+    unique_flat_model_fields = {
+        f for f in flat_model_fields if f.field_info.annotation not in input_types
+    }
+    inputs = [
+        (
+            field,
+            (
+                field.mode
+                if (separate_input_output_schemas or _has_computed_fields(field))
+                else "validation"
+            ),
+            field._type_adapter.core_schema,
+        )
+        for field in list(fields) + list(unique_flat_model_fields)
+    ]
+    field_mapping, definitions = schema_generator.generate_definitions(inputs=inputs)
+    for item_def in cast(dict[str, dict[str, Any]], definitions).values():
+        if "description" in item_def:
+            item_description = cast(str, item_def["description"]).split("\f")[0]
+            item_def["description"] = item_description
+    # definitions: dict[DefsRef, dict[str, Any]]
+    # but mypy complains about general str in other places that are not declared as
+    # DefsRef, although DefsRef is just str:
+    # DefsRef = NewType('DefsRef', str)
+    # So, a cast to simplify the types here
+    return field_mapping, cast(dict[str, dict[str, Any]], definitions)
+
+
+def is_scalar_field(field: ModelField) -> bool:
+    from fastapi import params
+
+    return shared.field_annotation_is_scalar(
+        field.field_info.annotation
+    ) and not isinstance(field.field_info, params.Body)
+
+
+def copy_field_info(*, field_info: FieldInfo, annotation: Any) -> FieldInfo:
+    cls = type(field_info)
+    merged_field_info = cls.from_annotation(annotation)
+    new_field_info = copy(field_info)
+    new_field_info.metadata = merged_field_info.metadata
+    new_field_info.annotation = merged_field_info.annotation
+    return new_field_info
+
+
+def serialize_sequence_value(*, field: ModelField, value: Any) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    origin_type = get_origin(field.field_info.annotation) or field.field_info.annotation
+    if origin_type is Union or origin_type is UnionType:  # Handle optional sequences
+        union_args = get_args(field.field_info.annotation)
+        for union_arg in union_args:
+            if union_arg is type(None):
+                continue
+            origin_type = get_origin(union_arg) or union_arg
+            break
+    assert issubclass(origin_type, shared.sequence_types)  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+    return shared.sequence_annotation_to_type[origin_type](value)  # type: ignore[no-any-return,index]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+
+
+def get_missing_field_error(loc: tuple[int | str, ...]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    error = ValidationError.from_exception_data(
+        "Field required", [{"type": "missing", "loc": loc, "input": {}}]
+    ).errors(include_url=False)[0]
+    error["input"] = None
+    return error  # type: ignore[return-value]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+
+
+def create_body_model(
+    *, fields: Sequence[ModelField], model_name: str
+) -> type[BaseModel]:
+    field_params = {f.name: (f.field_info.annotation, f.field_info) for f in fields}
+    BodyModel: type[BaseModel] = create_model(model_name, **field_params)  # type: ignore[call-overload]  # ty: ignore[no-matching-overload]
+    return BodyModel
+
+
+def get_model_fields(model: type[BaseModel]) -> list[ModelField]:
+    model_fields: list[ModelField] = []
+    for name, field_info in model.model_fields.items():
+        type_ = field_info.annotation
+        if lenient_issubclass(type_, (BaseModel, dict)) or is_dataclass(type_):
+            model_config = None
+        else:
+            model_config = model.model_config
+        model_fields.append(
+            ModelField(
+                field_info=field_info,
+                name=name,
+                config=model_config,
+            )
+        )
+    return model_fields
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_cached_model_fields(model: type[BaseModel]) -> list[ModelField]:
+    return get_model_fields(model)
+
+
+# Duplicate of several schema functions from Pydantic v1 to make them compatible with
+# Pydantic v2 and allow mixing the models
+
+TypeModelOrEnum = type["BaseModel"] | type[Enum]
+TypeModelSet = set[TypeModelOrEnum]
+
+
+def normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]", "_", name)
+
+
+def get_model_name_map(unique_models: TypeModelSet) -> dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str]:
+    name_model_map = {}
+    for model in unique_models:
+        model_name = normalize_name(model.__name__)
+        name_model_map[model_name] = model
+    return {v: k for k, v in name_model_map.items()}
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_model(
+    model: type["BaseModel"], known_models: TypeModelSet | None = None
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    known_models = known_models or set()
+    fields = get_model_fields(model)
+    get_flat_models_from_fields(fields, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_annotation(
+    annotation: Any, known_models: TypeModelSet
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is not None:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if lenient_issubclass(arg, (BaseModel, Enum)):
+                if arg not in known_models:
+                    known_models.add(arg)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    if lenient_issubclass(arg, BaseModel):
+                        get_flat_models_from_model(arg, known_models=known_models)
+            else:
+                get_flat_models_from_annotation(arg, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_field(
+    field: ModelField, known_models: TypeModelSet
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    field_type = field.field_info.annotation
+    if lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
+        if field_type in known_models:
+            return known_models
+        known_models.add(field_type)
+        get_flat_models_from_model(field_type, known_models=known_models)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, Enum):
+        known_models.add(field_type)
+    else:
+        get_flat_models_from_annotation(field_type, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_fields(
+    fields: Sequence[ModelField], known_models: TypeModelSet
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    for field in fields:
+        get_flat_models_from_field(field, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def _regenerate_error_with_loc(
+    *, errors: Sequence[Any], loc_prefix: tuple[str | int, ...]
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    updated_loc_errors: list[Any] = [
+        {**err, "loc": loc_prefix + err.get("loc", ())} for err in errors
+    ]
+
+    return updated_loc_errors
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/applications.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/applications.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56e1a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/applications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4768 @@
+import os
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Sequence
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi import routing
+from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
+from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
+    http_exception_handler,
+    request_validation_exception_handler,
+    websocket_request_validation_exception_handler,
+)
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError
+from fastapi.logger import logger
+from fastapi.middleware.asyncexitstack import AsyncExitStackMiddleware
+from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
+    get_redoc_html,
+    get_swagger_ui_html,
+    get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
+)
+from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+from fastapi.params import Depends
+from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx
+from fastapi.utils import generate_unique_id
+from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.datastructures import State
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+AppType = TypeVar("AppType", bound="FastAPI")
+
+
+class FastAPI(Starlette):
+    """
+    `FastAPI` app class, the main entrypoint to use FastAPI.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for First Steps](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/first-steps/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self: AppType,
+        *,
+        debug: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Boolean indicating if debug tracebacks should be returned on server
+                errors.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [Starlette docs for Applications](https://www.starlette.dev/applications/#instantiating-the-application).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        routes: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                ---
+
+                A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
+                """
+            ),
+            deprecated(
+                """
+                You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*,
+                like `app.get()`, `app.post()`, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        title: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The title of the API.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(title="ChimichangApp")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "FastAPI",
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A short summary of the API.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(summary="Deadpond's favorite app. Nuff said.")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                '''
+                A description of the API. Supports Markdown (using
+                [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/)).
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    description="""
+                                ChimichangApp API helps you do awesome stuff. 🚀
+
+                                ## Items
+
+                                You can **read items**.
+
+                                ## Users
+
+                                You will be able to:
+
+                                * **Create users** (_not implemented_).
+                                * **Read users** (_not implemented_).
+
+                                """
+                )
+                ```
+                '''
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        version: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The version of the API.
+
+                **Note** This is the version of your application, not the version of
+                the OpenAPI specification nor the version of FastAPI being used.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(version="0.0.1")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "0.1.0",
+        openapi_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL where the OpenAPI schema will be served from.
+
+                If you set it to `None`, no OpenAPI schema will be served publicly, and
+                the default automatic endpoints `/docs` and `/redoc` will also be
+                disabled.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#openapi-url).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/openapi.json",
+        openapi_tags: Annotated[
+            list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags used by OpenAPI, these are the same `tags` you can set
+                in the *path operations*, like:
+
+                * `@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"])`
+                * `@app.get("/items/", tags=["items"])`
+
+                The order of the tags can be used to specify the order shown in
+                tools like Swagger UI, used in the automatic path `/docs`.
+
+                It's not required to specify all the tags used.
+
+                The tags that are not declared MAY be organized randomly or based
+                on the tools' logic. Each tag name in the list MUST be unique.
+
+                The value of each item is a `dict` containing:
+
+                * `name`: The name of the tag.
+                * `description`: A short description of the tag.
+                    [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for rich
+                    text representation.
+                * `externalDocs`: Additional external documentation for this tag. If
+                    provided, it would contain a `dict` with:
+                    * `description`: A short description of the target documentation.
+                        [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for
+                        rich text representation.
+                    * `url`: The URL for the target documentation. Value MUST be in
+                        the form of a URL.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-tags).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                tags_metadata = [
+                    {
+                        "name": "users",
+                        "description": "Operations with users. The **login** logic is also here.",
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "items",
+                        "description": "Manage items. So _fancy_ they have their own docs.",
+                        "externalDocs": {
+                            "description": "Items external docs",
+                            "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/",
+                        },
+                    },
+                ]
+
+                app = FastAPI(openapi_tags=tags_metadata)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        servers: Annotated[
+            list[dict[str, str | Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A `list` of `dict`s with connectivity information to a target server.
+
+                You would use it, for example, if your application is served from
+                different domains and you want to use the same Swagger UI in the
+                browser to interact with each of them (instead of having multiple
+                browser tabs open). Or if you want to leave fixed the possible URLs.
+
+                If the servers `list` is not provided, or is an empty `list`, the
+                `servers` property in the generated OpenAPI will be:
+
+                * a `dict` with a `url` value of the application's mounting point
+                (`root_path`) if it's different from `/`.
+                * otherwise, the `servers` property will be omitted from the OpenAPI
+                schema.
+
+                Each item in the `list` is a `dict` containing:
+
+                * `url`: A URL to the target host. This URL supports Server Variables
+                and MAY be relative, to indicate that the host location is relative
+                to the location where the OpenAPI document is being served. Variable
+                substitutions will be made when a variable is named in `{`brackets`}`.
+                * `description`: An optional string describing the host designated by
+                the URL. [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for
+                rich text representation.
+                * `variables`: A `dict` between a variable name and its value. The value
+                    is used for substitution in the server's URL template.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/#additional-servers).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    servers=[
+                        {"url": "https://stag.example.com", "description": "Staging environment"},
+                        {"url": "https://prod.example.com", "description": "Production environment"},
+                    ]
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of global dependencies, they will be applied to each
+                *path operation*, including in sub-routers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Global Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies/).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+                from .dependencies import func_dep_1, func_dep_2
+
+                app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(func_dep_1), Depends(func_dep_2)])
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default response class to be used.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+                from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
+
+                app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        redirect_slashes: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't
+                use the same format.
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(redirect_slashes=True)  # the default
+
+                @app.get("/items/")
+                async def read_items():
+                    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
+                ```
+
+                With this app, if a client goes to `/items` (without a trailing slash),
+                they will be automatically redirected with an HTTP status code of 307
+                to `/items/`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        docs_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The path to the automatic interactive API documentation.
+                It is handled in the browser by Swagger UI.
+
+                The default URL is `/docs`. You can disable it by setting it to `None`.
+
+                If `openapi_url` is set to `None`, this will be automatically disabled.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#docs-urls).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url=None)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/docs",
+        redoc_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The path to the alternative automatic interactive API documentation
+                provided by ReDoc.
+
+                The default URL is `/redoc`. You can disable it by setting it to `None`.
+
+                If `openapi_url` is set to `None`, this will be automatically disabled.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#docs-urls).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url="redocumentation")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/redoc",
+        swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 redirect endpoint for the Swagger UI.
+
+                By default it is `/docs/oauth2-redirect`.
+
+                This is only used if you use OAuth2 (with the "Authorize" button)
+                with Swagger UI.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/docs/oauth2-redirect",
+        swagger_ui_init_oauth: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OAuth2 configuration for the Swagger UI, by default shown at `/docs`.
+
+                Read more about the available configuration options in the
+                [Swagger UI docs](https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        middleware: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Middleware] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of middleware to be added when creating the application.
+
+                In FastAPI you would normally do this with `app.add_middleware()`
+                instead.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        exception_handlers: Annotated[
+            dict[
+                int | type[Exception],
+                Callable[[Request, Any], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]],
+            ]
+            | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with handlers for exceptions.
+
+                In FastAPI, you would normally use the decorator
+                `@app.exception_handler()`.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        on_startup: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of startup event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        on_shutdown: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of shutdown event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        lifespan: Annotated[
+            Lifespan[AppType] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and
+                `shutdown` functions with a single context manager.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        terms_of_service: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A URL to the Terms of Service for your API.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                app = FastAPI(terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        contact: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str | Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with the contact information for the exposed API.
+
+                It can contain several fields.
+
+                * `name`: (`str`) The name of the contact person/organization.
+                * `url`: (`str`) A URL pointing to the contact information. MUST be in
+                    the format of a URL.
+                * `email`: (`str`) The email address of the contact person/organization.
+                    MUST be in the format of an email address.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    contact={
+                        "name": "Deadpoolio the Amazing",
+                        "url": "http://x-force.example.com/contact/",
+                        "email": "dp@x-force.example.com",
+                    }
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        license_info: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str | Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with the license information for the exposed API.
+
+                It can contain several fields.
+
+                * `name`: (`str`) **REQUIRED** (if a `license_info` is set). The
+                    license name used for the API.
+                * `identifier`: (`str`) An [SPDX](https://spdx.dev/) license expression
+                    for the API. The `identifier` field is mutually exclusive of the `url`
+                    field. Available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0.
+                * `url`: (`str`) A URL to the license used for the API. This MUST be
+                    the format of a URL.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    license_info={
+                        "name": "Apache 2.0",
+                        "url": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html",
+                    }
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_prefix: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A URL prefix for the OpenAPI URL.
+                """
+            ),
+            deprecated(
+                """
+                "openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which
+                follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more
+                automatic.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        root_path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A path prefix handled by a proxy that is not seen by the application
+                but is seen by external clients, which affects things like Swagger UI.
+
+                Read more about it at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(root_path="/api/v1")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        root_path_in_servers: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                To disable automatically generating the URLs in the `servers` field
+                in the autogenerated OpenAPI using the `root_path`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/#disable-automatic-server-from-root-path).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(root_path_in_servers=False)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        webhooks: Annotated[
+            routing.APIRouter | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Add OpenAPI webhooks. This is similar to `callbacks` but it doesn't
+                depend on specific *path operations*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                **Note**: This is available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Webhooks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-webhooks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all *path operations* as deprecated. You probably don't need it,
+                but it's available.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#deprecate-a-path-operation).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                To include (or not) all the *path operations* in the generated OpenAPI.
+                You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Parameters to configure Swagger UI, the autogenerated interactive API
+                documentation (by default at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        separate_input_output_schemas: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Whether to generate separate OpenAPI schemas for request body and
+                response body when the results would be more precise.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients.
+
+                For example, if you have a model like:
+
+                ```python
+                from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+                class Item(BaseModel):
+                    name: str
+                    tags: list[str] = []
+                ```
+
+                When `Item` is used for input, a request body, `tags` is not required,
+                the client doesn't have to provide it.
+
+                But when using `Item` for output, for a response body, `tags` is always
+                available because it has a default value, even if it's just an empty
+                list. So, the client should be able to always expect it.
+
+                In this case, there would be two different schemas, one for input and
+                another one for output.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to separate schemas for input and output](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas)
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        openapi_external_docs: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                This field allows you to provide additional external documentation links.
+                If provided, it must be a dictionary containing:
+
+                * `description`: A brief description of the external documentation.
+                * `url`: The URL pointing to the external documentation. The value **MUST**
+                be a valid URL format.
+
+                **Example**:
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                external_docs = {
+                    "description": "Detailed API Reference",
+                    "url": "https://example.com/api-docs",
+                }
+
+                app = FastAPI(openapi_external_docs=external_docs)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        strict_content_type: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
+
+                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
+                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
+
+                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
+                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
+                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
+                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
+
+                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
+                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
+                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        **extra: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra keyword arguments to be stored in the app, not used by FastAPI
+                anywhere.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.debug = debug
+        self.title = title
+        self.summary = summary
+        self.description = description
+        self.version = version
+        self.terms_of_service = terms_of_service
+        self.contact = contact
+        self.license_info = license_info
+        self.openapi_url = openapi_url
+        self.openapi_tags = openapi_tags
+        self.root_path_in_servers = root_path_in_servers
+        self.docs_url = docs_url
+        self.redoc_url = redoc_url
+        self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
+        self.swagger_ui_init_oauth = swagger_ui_init_oauth
+        self.swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_parameters
+        self.servers = servers or []
+        self.separate_input_output_schemas = separate_input_output_schemas
+        self.openapi_external_docs = openapi_external_docs
+        self.extra = extra
+        self.openapi_version: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The version string of OpenAPI.
+
+                FastAPI will generate OpenAPI version 3.1.0, and will output that as
+                the OpenAPI version. But some tools, even though they might be
+                compatible with OpenAPI 3.1.0, might not recognize it as a valid.
+
+                So you could override this value to trick those tools into using
+                the generated OpenAPI. Have in mind that this is a hack. But if you
+                avoid using features added in OpenAPI 3.1.0, it might work for your
+                use case.
+
+                This is not passed as a parameter to the `FastAPI` class to avoid
+                giving the false idea that FastAPI would generate a different OpenAPI
+                schema. It is only available as an attribute.
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.openapi_version = "3.0.2"
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "3.1.0"
+        self.openapi_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        self._openapi_routes_version: int | None = None
+        if self.openapi_url:
+            assert self.title, "A title must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: 'My API'"
+            assert self.version, "A version must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: '2.1.0'"
+        # TODO: remove when discarding the openapi_prefix parameter
+        if openapi_prefix:
+            logger.warning(
+                '"openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which '
+                "follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more "
+                "automatic. Check the docs at "
+                "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/sub-applications/"
+            )
+        self.webhooks: Annotated[
+            routing.APIRouter,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The `app.webhooks` attribute is an `APIRouter` with the *path
+                operations* that will be used just for documentation of webhooks.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Webhooks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-webhooks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = webhooks or routing.APIRouter()
+        self.root_path = root_path or openapi_prefix
+        self.state: Annotated[
+            State,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A state object for the application. This is the same object for the
+                entire application, it doesn't change from request to request.
+
+                You normally wouldn't use this in FastAPI, for most of the cases you
+                would instead use FastAPI dependencies.
+
+                This is simply inherited from Starlette.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [Starlette docs for Applications](https://www.starlette.dev/applications/#storing-state-on-the-app-instance).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = State()
+        self.dependency_overrides: Annotated[
+            dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with overrides for the dependencies.
+
+                Each key is the original dependency callable, and the value is the
+                actual dependency that should be called.
+
+                This is for testing, to replace expensive dependencies with testing
+                versions.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Testing Dependencies with Overrides](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/testing-dependencies/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = {}
+        self.router: routing.APIRouter = routing.APIRouter(
+            routes=routes,
+            redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self,
+            on_startup=on_startup,
+            on_shutdown=on_shutdown,
+            lifespan=lifespan,
+            default_response_class=default_response_class,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            responses=responses,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
+        )
+        self.exception_handlers: dict[
+            Any, Callable[[Request, Any], Response | Awaitable[Response]]
+        ] = {} if exception_handlers is None else dict(exception_handlers)
+        self.exception_handlers.setdefault(HTTPException, http_exception_handler)
+        self.exception_handlers.setdefault(
+            RequestValidationError, request_validation_exception_handler
+        )
+
+        # Starlette still has incorrect type specification for the handlers
+        self.exception_handlers.setdefault(
+            WebSocketRequestValidationError,
+            websocket_request_validation_exception_handler,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )  # ty: ignore[no-matching-overload]
+
+        self.user_middleware: list[Middleware] = (
+            [] if middleware is None else list(middleware)
+        )
+        self.middleware_stack: ASGIApp | None = None
+        self.setup()
+
+    def build_middleware_stack(self) -> ASGIApp:
+        # Duplicate/override from Starlette to add AsyncExitStackMiddleware
+        # inside of ExceptionMiddleware, inside of custom user middlewares
+        debug = self.debug
+        error_handler = None
+        exception_handlers: dict[Any, ExceptionHandler] = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.exception_handlers.items():
+            if key in (500, Exception):
+                error_handler = value
+            else:
+                exception_handlers[key] = value
+
+        middleware = (
+            [Middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, handler=error_handler, debug=debug)]
+            + self.user_middleware
+            + [
+                Middleware(
+                    ExceptionMiddleware,
+                    handlers=exception_handlers,
+                    debug=debug,
+                ),
+                # Add FastAPI-specific AsyncExitStackMiddleware for closing files.
+                # Before this was also used for closing dependencies with yield but
+                # those now have their own AsyncExitStack, to properly support
+                # streaming responses while keeping compatibility with the previous
+                # versions (as of writing 0.117.1) that allowed doing
+                # except HTTPException inside a dependency with yield.
+                # This needs to happen after user middlewares because those create a
+                # new contextvars context copy by using a new AnyIO task group.
+                # This AsyncExitStack preserves the context for contextvars, not
+                # strictly necessary for closing files but it was one of the original
+                # intentions.
+                # If the AsyncExitStack lived outside of the custom middlewares and
+                # contextvars were set, for example in a dependency with 'yield'
+                # in that internal contextvars context, the values would not be
+                # available in the outer context of the AsyncExitStack.
+                # By placing the middleware and the AsyncExitStack here, inside all
+                # user middlewares, the same context is used.
+                # This is currently not needed, only for closing files, but used to be
+                # important when dependencies with yield were closed here.
+                Middleware(AsyncExitStackMiddleware),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        app = self.router
+        for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+            app = cls(app, *args, **kwargs)
+        return app
+
+    def openapi(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Generate the OpenAPI schema of the application. This is called by FastAPI
+        internally.
+
+        The first time it is called it stores the result in the attribute
+        `app.openapi_schema`, and next times it is called, it just returns that same
+        result. To avoid the cost of generating the schema every time.
+
+        If you need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema, you could modify it.
+
+        Read more in the
+        [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/extending-openapi/).
+        """
+        routes_version = self.router._get_routes_version()
+        if not self.openapi_schema or self._openapi_routes_version != routes_version:
+            self.openapi_schema = get_openapi(
+                title=self.title,
+                version=self.version,
+                openapi_version=self.openapi_version,
+                summary=self.summary,
+                description=self.description,
+                terms_of_service=self.terms_of_service,
+                contact=self.contact,
+                license_info=self.license_info,
+                routes=self.routes,
+                webhooks=self.webhooks.routes,
+                tags=self.openapi_tags,
+                servers=self.servers,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=self.separate_input_output_schemas,
+                external_docs=self.openapi_external_docs,
+            )
+            self._openapi_routes_version = routes_version
+        return self.openapi_schema
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        if self.openapi_url:
+
+            async def openapi(req: Request) -> JSONResponse:
+                root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+                schema = self.openapi()
+                if root_path and self.root_path_in_servers:
+                    server_urls = {s.get("url") for s in schema.get("servers", [])}
+                    if root_path not in server_urls:
+                        schema = dict(schema)
+                        schema["servers"] = [{"url": root_path}] + schema.get(
+                            "servers", []
+                        )
+                return JSONResponse(schema)
+
+            self.add_route(self.openapi_url, openapi, include_in_schema=False)
+        if self.openapi_url and self.docs_url:
+
+            async def swagger_ui_html(req: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
+                root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+                openapi_url = root_path + self.openapi_url
+                oauth2_redirect_url = self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
+                if oauth2_redirect_url:
+                    oauth2_redirect_url = root_path + oauth2_redirect_url
+                return get_swagger_ui_html(
+                    openapi_url=openapi_url,
+                    title=f"{self.title} - Swagger UI",
+                    oauth2_redirect_url=oauth2_redirect_url,
+                    init_oauth=self.swagger_ui_init_oauth,
+                    swagger_ui_parameters=self.swagger_ui_parameters,
+                )
+
+            self.add_route(self.docs_url, swagger_ui_html, include_in_schema=False)
+
+            if self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url:
+
+                async def swagger_ui_redirect(req: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
+                    return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
+
+                self.add_route(
+                    self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
+                    swagger_ui_redirect,
+                    include_in_schema=False,
+                )
+        if self.openapi_url and self.redoc_url:
+
+            async def redoc_html(req: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
+                root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+                openapi_url = root_path + self.openapi_url
+                return get_redoc_html(
+                    openapi_url=openapi_url, title=f"{self.title} - ReDoc"
+                )
+
+            self.add_route(self.redoc_url, redoc_html, include_in_schema=False)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.root_path:
+            scope["root_path"] = self.root_path
+        await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def add_api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.router.add_api_route(
+            path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=methods,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def frontend(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path prefix where the frontend build should be served.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        directory: Annotated[
+            str | os.PathLike[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The directory containing the static frontend build output.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        fallback: Annotated[
+            Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The fallback file behavior for missing frontend paths.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "auto",
+        check_dir: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Check that the frontend directory exists when the app is created.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Serve a static frontend build as low-priority routes.
+
+        Use this for frontend tools that build static files into a directory,
+        such as `dist`. **FastAPI** path operations are checked first, and
+        the frontend files are checked only if no normal route matched.
+
+        A typical project could look like this:
+
+        ```text
+        .
+        ├── pyproject.toml
+        ├── app
+        │   ├── __init__.py
+        │   └── main.py
+        └── dist
+            ├── index.html
+            └── assets
+                └── app.js
+        ```
+
+        Then in `app/main.py`:
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        app.frontend("/", directory="dist")
+        ```
+        """
+        self.router.frontend(
+            path,
+            directory=directory,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            check_dir=check_dir,
+        )
+
+    def api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.router.add_api_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                response_model=response_model,
+                status_code=status_code,
+                tags=tags,
+                dependencies=dependencies,
+                summary=summary,
+                description=description,
+                response_description=response_description,
+                responses=responses,
+                deprecated=deprecated,
+                methods=methods,
+                operation_id=operation_id,
+                response_model_include=response_model_include,
+                response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+                response_class=response_class,
+                name=name,
+                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_api_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.router.add_api_websocket_route(
+            path,
+            endpoint,
+            name=name,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+        )
+
+    def websocket(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                WebSocket path.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this
+                WebSocket.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Decorate a WebSocket function.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+        **Example**
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.websocket("/ws")
+        async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
+            await websocket.accept()
+            while True:
+                data = await websocket.receive_text()
+                await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_api_websocket_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                name=name,
+                dependencies=dependencies,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def include_router(
+        self,
+        router: Annotated[routing.APIRouter, Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")],
+        *,
+        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
+                *path operations* in this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+                from .dependencies import get_token_header
+                from .internal import admin
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    admin.router,
+                    dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)],
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all the *path operations* in this router as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                from .internal import old_api
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    old_api.router,
+                    deprecated=True,
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
+                generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                from .internal import old_api
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    old_api.router,
+                    include_in_schema=False,
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Default response class to be used for the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+                from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
+
+                from .internal import old_api
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    old_api.router,
+                    default_response_class=ORJSONResponse,
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Include an `APIRouter` in the same app.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        from .users import users_router
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        app.include_router(users_router)
+        ```
+        """
+        self.router.include_router(
+            router,
+            prefix=prefix,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            default_response_class=default_response_class,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.get("/items/")
+        def read_items():
+            return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}]
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.get(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+        def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.put(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/items/")
+        def create_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item created"}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.post(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+        def delete_item(item_id: str):
+            return {"message": "Item deleted"}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.delete(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.options("/items/")
+        def get_item_options():
+            return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.options(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.head("/items/", status_code=204)
+        def get_items_headers(response: Response):
+            response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world"
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.head(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.patch("/items/")
+        def update_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item updated in place"}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.patch(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def trace(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.trace("/items/{item_id}")
+        def trace_item(item_id: str):
+            return None
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.trace(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def websocket_route(
+        self, path: str, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.router.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @deprecated(
+        """
+        on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+        """
+    )
+    def on_event(
+        self,
+        event_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add an event handler for the application.
+
+        `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated).
+        """
+        return self.router.on_event(event_type)  # ty: ignore[deprecated]
+
+    def middleware(
+        self,
+        middleware_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type of middleware. Currently only supports `http`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a middleware to the application.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        import time
+        from typing import Awaitable, Callable
+
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+
+        @app.middleware("http")
+        async def add_process_time_header(
+            request: Request, call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+        ) -> Response:
+            start_time = time.time()
+            response = await call_next(request)
+            process_time = time.time() - start_time
+            response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
+            return response
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_middleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware, dispatch=func)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def exception_handler(
+        self,
+        exc_class_or_status_code: Annotated[
+            int | type[Exception],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The Exception class this would handle, or a status code.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add an exception handler to the app.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+        from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+        class UnicornException(Exception):
+            def __init__(self, name: str):
+                self.name = name
+
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+
+        @app.exception_handler(UnicornException)
+        async def unicorn_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: UnicornException):
+            return JSONResponse(
+                status_code=418,
+                content={"message": f"Oops! {exc.name} did something. There goes a rainbow..."},
+            )
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_exception_handler(exc_class_or_status_code, func)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/background.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/background.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7677058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/background.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks):
+    """
+    A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been
+    sent to the client.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    def write_notification(email: str, message=""):
+        with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file:
+            content = f"notification for {email}: {message}"
+            email_file.write(content)
+
+
+    @app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+    async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
+        background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
+        return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def add_task(
+        self,
+        func: Annotated[
+            Callable[P, Any],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The function to call after the response is sent.
+
+                It can be a regular `def` function or an `async def` function.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a function to be called in the background after the response is sent.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).
+        """
+        return super().add_task(func, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/cli.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d3301e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+try:
+    from fastapi_cli.cli import main as cli_main
+
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    cli_main = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    if not cli_main:  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+        message = 'To use the fastapi command, please install "fastapi[standard]":\n\n\tpip install "fastapi[standard]"\n'
+        print(message)
+        raise RuntimeError(message)  # noqa: B904
+    cli_main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/concurrency.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/concurrency.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76a5a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/concurrency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+import anyio.to_thread
+from anyio import CapacityLimiter
+from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool as iterate_in_threadpool  # noqa
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool as run_in_threadpool  # noqa
+from starlette.concurrency import (  # noqa
+    run_until_first_complete as run_until_first_complete,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def contextmanager_in_threadpool(
+    cm: AbstractContextManager[_T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[_T, None]:
+    # blocking __exit__ from running waiting on a free thread
+    # can create race conditions/deadlocks if the context manager itself
+    # has its own internal pool (e.g. a database connection pool)
+    # to avoid this we let __exit__ run without a capacity limit
+    # since we're creating a new limiter for each call, any non-zero limit
+    # works (1 is arbitrary)
+    exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1)
+    try:
+        yield await run_in_threadpool(cm.__enter__)
+    except Exception as e:
+        ok = bool(
+            await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(
+                cm.__exit__, type(e), e, e.__traceback__, limiter=exit_limiter
+            )
+        )
+        if not ok:
+            raise e
+    else:
+        await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(
+            cm.__exit__, None, None, None, limiter=exit_limiter
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/datastructures.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/datastructures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1da784c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/datastructures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from pydantic import GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from starlette.datastructures import URL as URL  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import Address as Address  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import FormData as FormData  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import Headers as Headers  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import QueryParams as QueryParams  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import State as State  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile
+
+
+class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile):
+    """
+    A file uploaded in a request.
+
+    Define it as a *path operation function* (or dependency) parameter.
+
+    If you are using a regular `def` function, you can use the `upload_file.file`
+    attribute to access the raw standard Python file (blocking, not async), useful and
+    needed for non-async code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Request Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/files/")
+    async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]):
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+    @app.post("/uploadfile/")
+    async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    file: Annotated[
+        BinaryIO,
+        Doc("The standard Python file object (non-async)."),
+    ]
+    filename: Annotated[str | None, Doc("The original file name.")]
+    size: Annotated[int | None, Doc("The size of the file in bytes.")]
+    headers: Annotated[Headers, Doc("The headers of the request.")]
+    content_type: Annotated[
+        str | None, Doc("The content type of the request, from the headers.")
+    ]
+
+    async def write(
+        self,
+        data: Annotated[
+            bytes,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The bytes to write to the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write some bytes to the file.
+
+        You normally wouldn't use this from a file you read in a request.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().write(data)
+
+    async def read(
+        self,
+        size: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The number of bytes to read from the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = -1,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read some bytes from the file.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().read(size)
+
+    async def seek(
+        self,
+        offset: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The position in bytes to seek to in the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Move to a position in the file.
+
+        Any next read or write will be done from that position.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().seek(offset)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the file.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().close()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> "UploadFile":
+        if not isinstance(__input_value, StarletteUploadFile):
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(__input_value)}")
+        return cast(UploadFile, __input_value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: Mapping[str, Any], handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"type": "string", "contentMediaType": "application/octet-stream"}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], Mapping[str, Any]]
+    ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+        from ._compat.v2 import with_info_plain_validator_function
+
+        return with_info_plain_validator_function(cls._validate)
+
+
+class DefaultPlaceholder:
+    """
+    You shouldn't use this class directly.
+
+    It's used internally to recognize when a default value has been overwritten, even
+    if the overridden default value was truthy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Any):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.value)
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(o, DefaultPlaceholder) and o.value == self.value
+
+
+DefaultType = TypeVar("DefaultType")
+
+
+def Default(value: DefaultType) -> DefaultType:
+    """
+    You shouldn't use this function directly.
+
+    It's used internally to recognize when a default value has been overwritten, even
+    if the overridden default value was truthy.
+    """
+    return DefaultPlaceholder(value)  # type: ignore
+
+
+# Sentinel for "parameter not provided" in Param/FieldInfo.
+# Typed as None to satisfy ty
+_Unset = Default(None)
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/models.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25ffb0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import inspect
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import cached_property, partial
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from fastapi._compat import ModelField
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from fastapi.types import DependencyCacheKey
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+
+def _unwrapped_call(call: Callable[..., Any] | None) -> Any:
+    if call is None:
+        return call  # pragma: no cover
+    unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(_impartial(call))
+    return unwrapped
+
+
+def _impartial(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+    while isinstance(func, partial):
+        func = func.func
+    return func
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Dependant:
+    path_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    query_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    header_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    cookie_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    body_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    dependencies: list["Dependant"] = field(default_factory=list)
+    name: str | None = None
+    call: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
+    request_param_name: str | None = None
+    websocket_param_name: str | None = None
+    http_connection_param_name: str | None = None
+    response_param_name: str | None = None
+    background_tasks_param_name: str | None = None
+    security_scopes_param_name: str | None = None
+    own_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+    parent_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+    use_cache: bool = True
+    path: str | None = None
+    scope: Literal["function", "request"] | None = None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def oauth_scopes(self) -> list[str]:
+        scopes = self.parent_oauth_scopes.copy() if self.parent_oauth_scopes else []
+        # This doesn't use a set to preserve order, just in case
+        for scope in self.own_oauth_scopes or []:
+            if scope not in scopes:
+                scopes.append(scope)
+        return scopes
+
+    @cached_property
+    def cache_key(self) -> DependencyCacheKey:
+        scopes_for_cache = (
+            tuple(sorted(set(self.oauth_scopes or []))) if self._uses_scopes else ()
+        )
+        return (
+            self.call,
+            scopes_for_cache,
+            self.computed_scope or "",
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _uses_scopes(self) -> bool:
+        if self.own_oauth_scopes:
+            return True
+        if self.security_scopes_param_name is not None:
+            return True
+        if self._is_security_scheme:
+            return True
+        for sub_dep in self.dependencies:
+            if sub_dep._uses_scopes:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _is_security_scheme(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        unwrapped = _unwrapped_call(self.call)
+        return isinstance(unwrapped, SecurityBase)
+
+    # Mainly to get the type of SecurityBase, but it's the same self.call
+    @cached_property
+    def _security_scheme(self) -> SecurityBase:
+        unwrapped = _unwrapped_call(self.call)
+        assert isinstance(unwrapped, SecurityBase)
+        return unwrapped
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _security_dependencies(self) -> list["Dependant"]:
+        security_deps = [dep for dep in self.dependencies if dep._is_security_scheme]
+        return security_deps
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_gen_callable(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(
+            _impartial(self.call)
+        ) or inspect.isgeneratorfunction(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isclass(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return False
+        dunder_call = getattr(_impartial(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_call)
+        ) or inspect.isgeneratorfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_call)):
+            return True
+        dunder_unwrapped_call = getattr(_unwrapped_call(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_unwrapped_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_unwrapped_call)
+        ) or inspect.isgeneratorfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_unwrapped_call)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_async_gen_callable(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(
+            _impartial(self.call)
+        ) or inspect.isasyncgenfunction(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isclass(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return False
+        dunder_call = getattr(_impartial(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_call)
+        ) or inspect.isasyncgenfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_call)):
+            return True
+        dunder_unwrapped_call = getattr(_unwrapped_call(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_unwrapped_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_unwrapped_call)
+        ) or inspect.isasyncgenfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_unwrapped_call)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_coroutine_callable(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isroutine(_impartial(self.call)) and iscoroutinefunction(
+            _impartial(self.call)
+        ):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isroutine(_unwrapped_call(self.call)) and iscoroutinefunction(
+            _unwrapped_call(self.call)
+        ):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isclass(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return False
+        dunder_call = getattr(_impartial(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if iscoroutinefunction(_impartial(dunder_call)) or iscoroutinefunction(
+            _unwrapped_call(dunder_call)
+        ):
+            return True
+        dunder_unwrapped_call = getattr(_unwrapped_call(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_unwrapped_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if iscoroutinefunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_unwrapped_call)
+        ) or iscoroutinefunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_unwrapped_call)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def computed_scope(self) -> str | None:
+        if self.scope:
+            return self.scope
+        if self.is_gen_callable or self.is_async_gen_callable:
+            return "request"
+        return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40dffba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack, contextmanager
+from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Literal,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from fastapi import params
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    RequiredParam,
+    Undefined,
+    copy_field_info,
+    create_body_model,
+    evaluate_forwardref,
+    field_annotation_is_scalar,
+    field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence,
+    field_annotation_is_sequence,
+    get_cached_model_fields,
+    get_missing_field_error,
+    is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation,
+    is_bytes_sequence_annotation,
+    is_scalar_field,
+    is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation,
+    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+    sequence_types,
+    serialize_sequence_value,
+    value_is_sequence,
+)
+from fastapi.background import BackgroundTasks
+from fastapi.concurrency import (
+    asynccontextmanager,
+    contextmanager_in_threadpool,
+)
+from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
+from fastapi.exceptions import DependencyScopeError
+from fastapi.logger import logger
+from fastapi.security.oauth2 import SecurityScopes
+from fastapi.types import DependencyCacheKey
+from fastapi.utils import create_model_field, get_path_param_names
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Json
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.datastructures import (
+    FormData,
+    Headers,
+    ImmutableMultiDict,
+    QueryParams,
+    UploadFile,
+)
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+from typing_inspection.typing_objects import is_typealiastype
+
+multipart_not_installed_error = (
+    'Form data requires "python-multipart" to be installed. \n'
+    'You can install "python-multipart" with: \n\n'
+    "pip install python-multipart\n"
+)
+multipart_incorrect_install_error = (
+    'Form data requires "python-multipart" to be installed. '
+    'It seems you installed "multipart" instead. \n'
+    'You can remove "multipart" with: \n\n'
+    "pip uninstall multipart\n\n"
+    'And then install "python-multipart" with: \n\n'
+    "pip install python-multipart\n"
+)
+
+
+def ensure_multipart_is_installed() -> None:
+    try:
+        from python_multipart import __version__
+
+        # Import an attribute that can be mocked/deleted in testing
+        assert __version__ > "0.0.12"
+    except (ImportError, AssertionError):
+        try:
+            # __version__ is available in both multiparts, and can be mocked
+            from multipart import (  # type: ignore[no-redef,import-untyped]
+                __version__,
+            )
+
+            assert __version__
+            try:
+                # parse_options_header is only available in the right multipart
+                from multipart.multipart import (  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+                    parse_options_header,
+                )
+
+                assert parse_options_header
+            except ImportError:
+                logger.error(multipart_incorrect_install_error)
+                raise RuntimeError(multipart_incorrect_install_error) from None
+        except ImportError:
+            logger.error(multipart_not_installed_error)
+            raise RuntimeError(multipart_not_installed_error) from None
+
+
+def get_parameterless_sub_dependant(*, depends: params.Depends, path: str) -> Dependant:
+    assert callable(depends.dependency), (
+        "A parameter-less dependency must have a callable dependency"
+    )
+    own_oauth_scopes: list[str] = []
+    if isinstance(depends, params.Security) and depends.scopes:
+        own_oauth_scopes.extend(depends.scopes)
+    return get_dependant(
+        path=path,
+        call=depends.dependency,
+        scope=depends.scope,
+        own_oauth_scopes=own_oauth_scopes,
+    )
+
+
+def get_flat_dependant(
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    *,
+    skip_repeats: bool = False,
+    visited: list[DependencyCacheKey] | None = None,
+    parent_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> Dependant:
+    if visited is None:
+        visited = []
+    visited.append(dependant.cache_key)
+    use_parent_oauth_scopes = (parent_oauth_scopes or []) + (
+        dependant.oauth_scopes or []
+    )
+
+    flat_dependant = Dependant(
+        path_params=dependant.path_params.copy(),
+        query_params=dependant.query_params.copy(),
+        header_params=dependant.header_params.copy(),
+        cookie_params=dependant.cookie_params.copy(),
+        body_params=dependant.body_params.copy(),
+        name=dependant.name,
+        call=dependant.call,
+        request_param_name=dependant.request_param_name,
+        websocket_param_name=dependant.websocket_param_name,
+        http_connection_param_name=dependant.http_connection_param_name,
+        response_param_name=dependant.response_param_name,
+        background_tasks_param_name=dependant.background_tasks_param_name,
+        security_scopes_param_name=dependant.security_scopes_param_name,
+        own_oauth_scopes=dependant.own_oauth_scopes,
+        parent_oauth_scopes=use_parent_oauth_scopes,
+        use_cache=dependant.use_cache,
+        path=dependant.path,
+        scope=dependant.scope,
+    )
+    for sub_dependant in dependant.dependencies:
+        if skip_repeats and sub_dependant.cache_key in visited:
+            continue
+        flat_sub = get_flat_dependant(
+            sub_dependant,
+            skip_repeats=skip_repeats,
+            visited=visited,
+            parent_oauth_scopes=flat_dependant.oauth_scopes,
+        )
+        flat_dependant.dependencies.append(flat_sub)
+        flat_dependant.path_params.extend(flat_sub.path_params)
+        flat_dependant.query_params.extend(flat_sub.query_params)
+        flat_dependant.header_params.extend(flat_sub.header_params)
+        flat_dependant.cookie_params.extend(flat_sub.cookie_params)
+        flat_dependant.body_params.extend(flat_sub.body_params)
+        flat_dependant.dependencies.extend(flat_sub.dependencies)
+
+    return flat_dependant
+
+
+def _get_flat_fields_from_params(fields: list[ModelField]) -> list[ModelField]:
+    if not fields:
+        return fields
+    first_field = fields[0]
+    if len(fields) == 1 and lenient_issubclass(
+        first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel
+    ):
+        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+        return fields_to_extract
+    return fields
+
+
+def get_flat_params(dependant: Dependant) -> list[ModelField]:
+    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant, skip_repeats=True)
+    path_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.path_params)
+    query_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.query_params)
+    header_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.header_params)
+    cookie_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.cookie_params)
+    return path_params + query_params + header_params + cookie_params
+
+
+def _get_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
+    try:
+        signature = inspect.signature(call, eval_str=True)
+    except NameError:
+        # Handle type annotations with if TYPE_CHECKING, not used by FastAPI
+        # e.g. dependency return types
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+            from annotationlib import Format
+
+            signature = inspect.signature(call, annotation_format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+        else:
+            signature = inspect.signature(call)
+    return signature
+
+
+def get_typed_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
+    signature = _get_signature(call)
+    unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(call)
+    globalns = getattr(unwrapped, "__globals__", {})
+    typed_params = [
+        inspect.Parameter(
+            name=param.name,
+            kind=param.kind,
+            default=param.default,
+            annotation=get_typed_annotation(param.annotation, globalns),
+        )
+        for param in signature.parameters.values()
+    ]
+    typed_signature = inspect.Signature(typed_params)
+    return typed_signature
+
+
+def get_typed_annotation(annotation: Any, globalns: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(annotation, str):
+        annotation = ForwardRef(annotation)
+        annotation = evaluate_forwardref(annotation, globalns, globalns)
+        if annotation is type(None):
+            return None
+    return annotation
+
+
+def get_typed_return_annotation(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> Any:
+    signature = _get_signature(call)
+    unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(call)
+    annotation = signature.return_annotation
+
+    if annotation is inspect.Signature.empty:
+        return None
+
+    globalns = getattr(unwrapped, "__globals__", {})
+    return get_typed_annotation(annotation, globalns)
+
+
+_STREAM_ORIGINS = {
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Generator,
+}
+
+
+def get_stream_item_type(annotation: Any) -> Any | None:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is not None and origin in _STREAM_ORIGINS:
+        type_args = get_args(annotation)
+        if type_args:
+            return type_args[0]
+        return Any
+    return None
+
+
+def get_dependant(
+    *,
+    path: str,
+    call: Callable[..., Any],
+    name: str | None = None,
+    own_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None,
+    parent_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None,
+    use_cache: bool = True,
+    scope: Literal["function", "request"] | None = None,
+) -> Dependant:
+    dependant = Dependant(
+        call=call,
+        name=name,
+        path=path,
+        use_cache=use_cache,
+        scope=scope,
+        own_oauth_scopes=own_oauth_scopes,
+        parent_oauth_scopes=parent_oauth_scopes,
+    )
+    current_scopes = (parent_oauth_scopes or []) + (own_oauth_scopes or [])
+    path_param_names = get_path_param_names(path)
+    endpoint_signature = get_typed_signature(call)
+    signature_params = endpoint_signature.parameters
+    for param_name, param in signature_params.items():
+        is_path_param = param_name in path_param_names
+        param_details = analyze_param(
+            param_name=param_name,
+            annotation=param.annotation,
+            value=param.default,
+            is_path_param=is_path_param,
+        )
+        if param_details.depends is not None:
+            assert param_details.depends.dependency
+            if (
+                (dependant.is_gen_callable or dependant.is_async_gen_callable)
+                and dependant.computed_scope == "request"
+                and param_details.depends.scope == "function"
+            ):
+                assert dependant.call
+                call_name = getattr(dependant.call, "__name__", "<unnamed_callable>")
+                raise DependencyScopeError(
+                    f'The dependency "{call_name}" has a scope of '
+                    '"request", it cannot depend on dependencies with scope "function".'
+                )
+            sub_own_oauth_scopes: list[str] = []
+            if isinstance(param_details.depends, params.Security):
+                if param_details.depends.scopes:
+                    sub_own_oauth_scopes = list(param_details.depends.scopes)
+            sub_dependant = get_dependant(
+                path=path,
+                call=param_details.depends.dependency,
+                name=param_name,
+                own_oauth_scopes=sub_own_oauth_scopes,
+                parent_oauth_scopes=current_scopes,
+                use_cache=param_details.depends.use_cache,
+                scope=param_details.depends.scope,
+            )
+            dependant.dependencies.append(sub_dependant)
+            continue
+        if add_non_field_param_to_dependency(
+            param_name=param_name,
+            type_annotation=param_details.type_annotation,
+            dependant=dependant,
+        ):
+            assert param_details.field is None, (
+                f"Cannot specify multiple FastAPI annotations for {param_name!r}"
+            )
+            continue
+        assert param_details.field is not None
+        if isinstance(param_details.field.field_info, params.Body):
+            dependant.body_params.append(param_details.field)
+        else:
+            add_param_to_fields(field=param_details.field, dependant=dependant)
+    return dependant
+
+
+def add_non_field_param_to_dependency(
+    *, param_name: str, type_annotation: Any, dependant: Dependant
+) -> bool | None:
+    if lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Request):
+        dependant.request_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, WebSocket):
+        dependant.websocket_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, HTTPConnection):
+        dependant.http_connection_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Response):
+        dependant.response_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, StarletteBackgroundTasks):
+        dependant.background_tasks_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, SecurityScopes):
+        dependant.security_scopes_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    return None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ParamDetails:
+    type_annotation: Any
+    depends: params.Depends | None
+    field: ModelField | None
+
+
+def analyze_param(
+    *,
+    param_name: str,
+    annotation: Any,
+    value: Any,
+    is_path_param: bool,
+) -> ParamDetails:
+    field_info = None
+    depends = None
+    type_annotation: Any = Any
+    use_annotation: Any = Any
+    if is_typealiastype(annotation):
+        # unpack in case PEP 695 type syntax is used
+        annotation = annotation.__value__
+    if annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty:
+        use_annotation = annotation
+        type_annotation = annotation
+    # Extract Annotated info
+    if get_origin(use_annotation) is Annotated:
+        annotated_args = get_args(annotation)
+        type_annotation = annotated_args[0]
+        fastapi_annotations = [
+            arg
+            for arg in annotated_args[1:]
+            if isinstance(arg, (FieldInfo, params.Depends))
+        ]
+        fastapi_specific_annotations = [
+            arg
+            for arg in fastapi_annotations
+            if isinstance(
+                arg,
+                (
+                    params.Param,
+                    params.Body,
+                    params.Depends,
+                ),
+            )
+        ]
+        if fastapi_specific_annotations:
+            fastapi_annotation: FieldInfo | params.Depends | None = (
+                fastapi_specific_annotations[-1]
+            )
+        else:
+            fastapi_annotation = None
+        # Set default for Annotated FieldInfo
+        if isinstance(fastapi_annotation, FieldInfo):
+            # Copy `field_info` because we mutate `field_info.default` below.
+            field_info = copy_field_info(
+                field_info=fastapi_annotation,
+                annotation=use_annotation,
+            )
+            assert (
+                field_info.default == Undefined or field_info.default == RequiredParam
+            ), (
+                f"`{field_info.__class__.__name__}` default value cannot be set in"
+                f" `Annotated` for {param_name!r}. Set the default value with `=` instead."
+            )
+            if value is not inspect.Signature.empty:
+                assert not is_path_param, "Path parameters cannot have default values"
+                field_info.default = value
+            else:
+                field_info.default = RequiredParam
+        # Get Annotated Depends
+        elif isinstance(fastapi_annotation, params.Depends):
+            depends = fastapi_annotation
+    # Get Depends from default value
+    if isinstance(value, params.Depends):
+        assert depends is None, (
+            "Cannot specify `Depends` in `Annotated` and default value"
+            f" together for {param_name!r}"
+        )
+        assert field_info is None, (
+            "Cannot specify a FastAPI annotation in `Annotated` and `Depends` as a"
+            f" default value together for {param_name!r}"
+        )
+        depends = value
+    # Get FieldInfo from default value
+    elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo):
+        assert field_info is None, (
+            "Cannot specify FastAPI annotations in `Annotated` and default value"
+            f" together for {param_name!r}"
+        )
+        field_info = value
+        if isinstance(field_info, FieldInfo):
+            field_info.annotation = type_annotation
+
+    # Get Depends from type annotation
+    if depends is not None and depends.dependency is None:
+        # Copy `depends` before mutating it
+        depends = copy(depends)
+        depends = dataclasses.replace(depends, dependency=type_annotation)
+
+    # Handle non-param type annotations like Request
+    # Only apply special handling when there's no explicit Depends - if there's a Depends,
+    # the dependency will be called and its return value used instead of the special injection
+    if depends is None and lenient_issubclass(
+        type_annotation,
+        (
+            Request,
+            WebSocket,
+            HTTPConnection,
+            Response,
+            StarletteBackgroundTasks,
+            SecurityScopes,
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert field_info is None, (
+            f"Cannot specify FastAPI annotation for type {type_annotation!r}"
+        )
+    # Handle default assignations, neither field_info nor depends was not found in Annotated nor default value
+    elif field_info is None and depends is None:
+        default_value = value if value is not inspect.Signature.empty else RequiredParam
+        if is_path_param:
+            # We might check here that `default_value is RequiredParam`, but the fact is that the same
+            # parameter might sometimes be a path parameter and sometimes not. See
+            # `tests/test_infer_param_optionality.py` for an example.
+            field_info = params.Path(annotation=use_annotation)
+        elif is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(
+            type_annotation
+        ) or is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(type_annotation):
+            field_info = params.File(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
+        elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation=type_annotation):
+            field_info = params.Body(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
+        else:
+            field_info = params.Query(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
+
+    field = None
+    # It's a field_info, not a dependency
+    if field_info is not None:
+        # Handle field_info.in_
+        if is_path_param:
+            assert isinstance(field_info, params.Path), (
+                f"Cannot use `{field_info.__class__.__name__}` for path param"
+                f" {param_name!r}"
+            )
+        elif (
+            isinstance(field_info, params.Param)
+            and getattr(field_info, "in_", None) is None
+        ):
+            field_info.in_ = params.ParamTypes.query
+        use_annotation_from_field_info = use_annotation
+        if isinstance(field_info, params.Form):
+            ensure_multipart_is_installed()
+        if not field_info.alias and getattr(field_info, "convert_underscores", None):
+            alias = param_name.replace("_", "-")
+        else:
+            alias = field_info.alias or param_name
+        field_info.alias = alias
+        field = create_model_field(
+            name=param_name,
+            type_=use_annotation_from_field_info,
+            default=field_info.default,
+            alias=alias,
+            field_info=field_info,
+        )
+        if is_path_param:
+            assert is_scalar_field(field=field), (
+                "Path params must be of one of the supported types"
+            )
+        elif isinstance(field_info, params.Query):
+            assert (
+                is_scalar_field(field)
+                or field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(field.field_info.annotation)
+                or lenient_issubclass(field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel)
+            ), f"Query parameter {param_name!r} must be one of the supported types"
+
+    return ParamDetails(type_annotation=type_annotation, depends=depends, field=field)
+
+
+def add_param_to_fields(*, field: ModelField, dependant: Dependant) -> None:
+    field_info = field.field_info
+    field_info_in = getattr(field_info, "in_", None)
+    if field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.path:
+        dependant.path_params.append(field)
+    elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.query:
+        dependant.query_params.append(field)
+    elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.header:
+        dependant.header_params.append(field)
+    else:
+        assert field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.cookie, (
+            f"non-body parameters must be in path, query, header or cookie: {field.name}"
+        )
+        dependant.cookie_params.append(field)
+
+
+async def _solve_generator(
+    *, dependant: Dependant, stack: AsyncExitStack, sub_values: dict[str, Any]
+) -> Any:
+    assert dependant.call
+    if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+        cm = asynccontextmanager(dependant.call)(**sub_values)
+    elif dependant.is_gen_callable:
+        cm = contextmanager_in_threadpool(contextmanager(dependant.call)(**sub_values))
+    return await stack.enter_async_context(cm)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SolvedDependency:
+    values: dict[str, Any]
+    errors: list[Any]
+    background_tasks: StarletteBackgroundTasks | None
+    response: Response
+    dependency_cache: dict[DependencyCacheKey, Any]
+
+
+async def solve_dependencies(
+    *,
+    request: Request | WebSocket,
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    body: dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None = None,
+    background_tasks: StarletteBackgroundTasks | None = None,
+    response: Response | None = None,
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    dependency_cache: dict[DependencyCacheKey, Any] | None = None,
+    # TODO: remove this parameter later, no longer used, not removing it yet as some
+    # people might be monkey patching this function (although that's not supported)
+    async_exit_stack: AsyncExitStack,
+    embed_body_fields: bool,
+) -> SolvedDependency:
+    request_astack = request.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
+    assert isinstance(request_astack, AsyncExitStack), (
+        "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
+    )
+    function_astack = request.scope.get("fastapi_function_astack")
+    assert isinstance(function_astack, AsyncExitStack), (
+        "fastapi_function_astack not found in request scope"
+    )
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    errors: list[Any] = []
+    if response is None:
+        response = Response()
+        del response.headers["content-length"]
+        response.status_code = None  # type: ignore
+    if dependency_cache is None:
+        dependency_cache = {}
+    for sub_dependant in dependant.dependencies:
+        sub_dependant.call = cast(Callable[..., Any], sub_dependant.call)
+        call = sub_dependant.call
+        use_sub_dependant = sub_dependant
+        if (
+            dependency_overrides_provider
+            and dependency_overrides_provider.dependency_overrides
+        ):
+            original_call = sub_dependant.call
+            call = getattr(
+                dependency_overrides_provider, "dependency_overrides", {}
+            ).get(original_call, original_call)
+            use_path: str = sub_dependant.path  # type: ignore
+            use_sub_dependant = get_dependant(
+                path=use_path,
+                call=call,
+                name=sub_dependant.name,
+                parent_oauth_scopes=sub_dependant.oauth_scopes,
+                scope=sub_dependant.scope,
+            )
+
+        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=request,
+            dependant=use_sub_dependant,
+            body=body,
+            background_tasks=background_tasks,
+            response=response,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            dependency_cache=dependency_cache,
+            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        background_tasks = solved_result.background_tasks
+        if solved_result.errors:
+            errors.extend(solved_result.errors)
+            continue
+        if sub_dependant.use_cache and sub_dependant.cache_key in dependency_cache:
+            solved = dependency_cache[sub_dependant.cache_key]
+        elif (
+            use_sub_dependant.is_gen_callable or use_sub_dependant.is_async_gen_callable
+        ):
+            use_astack = request_astack
+            if sub_dependant.scope == "function":
+                use_astack = function_astack
+            solved = await _solve_generator(
+                dependant=use_sub_dependant,
+                stack=use_astack,
+                sub_values=solved_result.values,
+            )
+        elif use_sub_dependant.is_coroutine_callable:
+            solved = await call(**solved_result.values)
+        else:
+            solved = await run_in_threadpool(call, **solved_result.values)
+        if sub_dependant.name is not None:
+            values[sub_dependant.name] = solved
+        if sub_dependant.cache_key not in dependency_cache:
+            dependency_cache[sub_dependant.cache_key] = solved
+    path_values, path_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.path_params, request.path_params
+    )
+    query_values, query_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.query_params, request.query_params
+    )
+    header_values, header_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.header_params, request.headers
+    )
+    cookie_values, cookie_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.cookie_params, request.cookies
+    )
+    values.update(path_values)
+    values.update(query_values)
+    values.update(header_values)
+    values.update(cookie_values)
+    errors += path_errors + query_errors + header_errors + cookie_errors
+    if dependant.body_params:
+        (
+            body_values,
+            body_errors,
+        ) = await request_body_to_args(  # body_params checked above
+            body_fields=dependant.body_params,
+            received_body=body,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        values.update(body_values)
+        errors.extend(body_errors)
+    if dependant.http_connection_param_name:
+        values[dependant.http_connection_param_name] = request
+    if dependant.request_param_name and isinstance(request, Request):
+        values[dependant.request_param_name] = request
+    elif dependant.websocket_param_name and isinstance(request, WebSocket):
+        values[dependant.websocket_param_name] = request
+    if dependant.background_tasks_param_name:
+        if background_tasks is None:
+            background_tasks = BackgroundTasks()
+        values[dependant.background_tasks_param_name] = background_tasks
+    if dependant.response_param_name:
+        values[dependant.response_param_name] = response
+    if dependant.security_scopes_param_name:
+        values[dependant.security_scopes_param_name] = SecurityScopes(
+            scopes=dependant.oauth_scopes
+        )
+    return SolvedDependency(
+        values=values,
+        errors=errors,
+        background_tasks=background_tasks,
+        response=response,
+        dependency_cache=dependency_cache,
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_value_with_model_field(
+    *, field: ModelField, value: Any, values: dict[str, Any], loc: tuple[str, ...]
+) -> tuple[Any, list[Any]]:
+    if value is None:
+        if field.field_info.is_required():
+            return None, [get_missing_field_error(loc=loc)]
+        else:
+            return deepcopy(field.default), []
+    return field.validate(value, values, loc=loc)
+
+
+def _is_json_field(field: ModelField) -> bool:
+    return any(type(item) is Json for item in field.field_info.metadata)
+
+
+def _get_multidict_value(
+    field: ModelField, values: Mapping[str, Any], alias: str | None = None
+) -> Any:
+    alias = alias or get_validation_alias(field)
+    if (
+        (not _is_json_field(field))
+        and field_annotation_is_sequence(field.field_info.annotation)
+        and isinstance(values, (ImmutableMultiDict, Headers))
+    ):
+        value = values.getlist(alias)
+    else:
+        value = values.get(alias, None)
+    if (
+        value is None
+        or (
+            isinstance(field.field_info, params.Form)
+            and isinstance(value, str)  # For type checks
+            and value == ""
+        )
+        or (
+            field_annotation_is_sequence(field.field_info.annotation)
+            and len(value) == 0
+        )
+    ):
+        if field.field_info.is_required():
+            return
+        else:
+            return deepcopy(field.default)
+    return value
+
+
+def request_params_to_args(
+    fields: Sequence[ModelField],
+    received_params: Mapping[str, Any] | QueryParams | Headers,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[Any]]:
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    if not fields:
+        return values, errors
+
+    first_field = fields[0]
+    fields_to_extract = fields
+    single_not_embedded_field = False
+    default_convert_underscores = True
+    if len(fields) == 1 and lenient_issubclass(
+        first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel
+    ):
+        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+        single_not_embedded_field = True
+        # If headers are in a Pydantic model, the way to disable convert_underscores
+        # would be with Header(convert_underscores=False) at the Pydantic model level
+        default_convert_underscores = getattr(
+            first_field.field_info, "convert_underscores", True
+        )
+
+    params_to_process: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    processed_keys = set()
+
+    for field in fields_to_extract:
+        alias = None
+        if isinstance(received_params, Headers):
+            # Handle fields extracted from a Pydantic Model for a header, each field
+            # doesn't have a FieldInfo of type Header with the default convert_underscores=True
+            convert_underscores = getattr(
+                field.field_info, "convert_underscores", default_convert_underscores
+            )
+            if convert_underscores:
+                alias = get_validation_alias(field)
+                if alias == field.name:
+                    alias = alias.replace("_", "-")
+        value = _get_multidict_value(field, received_params, alias=alias)
+        if value is not None:
+            params_to_process[get_validation_alias(field)] = value
+        processed_keys.add(alias or get_validation_alias(field))
+        # For headers with convert_underscores=True, mark both the converted
+        # header name and the original field alias as processed to avoid
+        # accepting the original alias as an extra header.
+        processed_keys.add(get_validation_alias(field))
+
+    for key in received_params.keys():
+        if key not in processed_keys:
+            if isinstance(received_params, (ImmutableMultiDict, Headers)):
+                value = received_params.getlist(key)
+                if isinstance(value, list) and (len(value) == 1):
+                    params_to_process[key] = value[0]
+                else:
+                    params_to_process[key] = value
+            else:
+                params_to_process[key] = received_params.get(key)
+
+    if single_not_embedded_field:
+        field_info = first_field.field_info
+        assert isinstance(field_info, params.Param), (
+            "Params must be subclasses of Param"
+        )
+        loc: tuple[str, ...] = (field_info.in_.value,)
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=first_field, value=params_to_process, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        return {first_field.name: v_}, errors_
+
+    for field in fields:
+        value = _get_multidict_value(field, received_params)
+        field_info = field.field_info
+        assert isinstance(field_info, params.Param), (
+            "Params must be subclasses of Param"
+        )
+        loc = (field_info.in_.value, get_validation_alias(field))
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=field, value=value, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        if errors_:
+            errors.extend(errors_)
+        else:
+            values[field.name] = v_
+    return values, errors
+
+
+def is_union_of_base_models(field_type: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if field type is a Union where all members are BaseModel subclasses."""
+    from fastapi.types import UnionType
+
+    origin = get_origin(field_type)
+
+    # Check if it's a Union type (covers both typing.Union and types.UnionType in Python 3.10+)
+    if origin is not Union and origin is not UnionType:
+        return False
+
+    union_args = get_args(field_type)
+
+    for arg in union_args:
+        if not lenient_issubclass(arg, BaseModel):
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _should_embed_body_fields(fields: list[ModelField]) -> bool:
+    if not fields:
+        return False
+    # More than one dependency could have the same field, it would show up as multiple
+    # fields but it's the same one, so count them by name
+    body_param_names_set = {field.name for field in fields}
+    # A top level field has to be a single field, not multiple
+    if len(body_param_names_set) > 1:
+        return True
+    first_field = fields[0]
+    # If it explicitly specifies it is embedded, it has to be embedded
+    if getattr(first_field.field_info, "embed", None):
+        return True
+    # If it's a Form (or File) field, it has to be a BaseModel (or a union of BaseModels) to be top level
+    # otherwise it has to be embedded, so that the key value pair can be extracted
+    if (
+        isinstance(first_field.field_info, params.Form)
+        and not lenient_issubclass(first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel)
+        and not is_union_of_base_models(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+    ):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def _extract_form_body(
+    body_fields: list[ModelField],
+    received_body: FormData,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    values = {}
+
+    for field in body_fields:
+        value = _get_multidict_value(field, received_body)
+        field_info = field.field_info
+        if (
+            isinstance(field_info, params.File)
+            and is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(field.field_info.annotation)
+            and isinstance(value, UploadFile)
+        ):
+            value = await value.read()
+        elif (
+            is_bytes_sequence_annotation(field.field_info.annotation)
+            and isinstance(field_info, params.File)
+            and value_is_sequence(value)
+        ):
+            # For types
+            assert isinstance(value, sequence_types)
+            results: list[bytes | str] = []
+            for sub_value in value:
+                results.append(await sub_value.read())
+            value = serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=results)
+        if value is not None:
+            values[get_validation_alias(field)] = value
+    field_aliases = {get_validation_alias(field) for field in body_fields}
+    for key in received_body.keys():
+        if key not in field_aliases:
+            param_values = received_body.getlist(key)
+            if len(param_values) == 1:
+                values[key] = param_values[0]
+            else:
+                values[key] = param_values
+    return values
+
+
+async def request_body_to_args(
+    body_fields: list[ModelField],
+    received_body: dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None,
+    embed_body_fields: bool,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    assert body_fields, "request_body_to_args() should be called with fields"
+    single_not_embedded_field = len(body_fields) == 1 and not embed_body_fields
+    first_field = body_fields[0]
+    body_to_process = received_body
+
+    fields_to_extract: list[ModelField] = body_fields
+
+    if (
+        single_not_embedded_field
+        and lenient_issubclass(first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel)
+        and isinstance(received_body, FormData)
+    ):
+        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+
+    if isinstance(received_body, FormData):
+        body_to_process = await _extract_form_body(fields_to_extract, received_body)
+
+    if single_not_embedded_field:
+        loc: tuple[str, ...] = ("body",)
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=first_field, value=body_to_process, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        return {first_field.name: v_}, errors_
+    for field in body_fields:
+        loc = ("body", get_validation_alias(field))
+        value: Any | None = None
+        if body_to_process is not None and not isinstance(body_to_process, bytes):
+            try:
+                value = body_to_process.get(get_validation_alias(field))
+            # If the received body is a list, not a dict
+            except AttributeError:
+                errors.append(get_missing_field_error(loc))
+                continue
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=field, value=value, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        if errors_:
+            errors.extend(errors_)
+        else:
+            values[field.name] = v_
+    return values, errors
+
+
+def get_body_field(
+    *, flat_dependant: Dependant, name: str, embed_body_fields: bool
+) -> ModelField | None:
+    """
+    Get a ModelField representing the request body for a path operation, combining
+    all body parameters into a single field if necessary.
+
+    Used to check if it's form data (with `isinstance(body_field, params.Form)`)
+    or JSON and to generate the JSON Schema for a request body.
+
+    This is **not** used to validate/parse the request body, that's done with each
+    individual body parameter.
+    """
+    if not flat_dependant.body_params:
+        return None
+    first_param = flat_dependant.body_params[0]
+    if not embed_body_fields:
+        return first_param
+    model_name = "Body_" + name
+    BodyModel = create_body_model(
+        fields=flat_dependant.body_params, model_name=model_name
+    )
+    required = any(
+        True for f in flat_dependant.body_params if f.field_info.is_required()
+    )
+    BodyFieldInfo_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "annotation": BodyModel,
+        "alias": "body",
+    }
+    if not required:
+        BodyFieldInfo_kwargs["default"] = None
+    if any(isinstance(f.field_info, params.File) for f in flat_dependant.body_params):
+        BodyFieldInfo: type[params.Body] = params.File
+    elif any(isinstance(f.field_info, params.Form) for f in flat_dependant.body_params):
+        BodyFieldInfo = params.Form
+    else:
+        BodyFieldInfo = params.Body
+
+        body_param_media_types = [
+            f.field_info.media_type
+            for f in flat_dependant.body_params
+            if isinstance(f.field_info, params.Body)
+        ]
+        if len(set(body_param_media_types)) == 1:
+            BodyFieldInfo_kwargs["media_type"] = body_param_media_types[0]
+    final_field = create_model_field(
+        name="body",
+        type_=BodyModel,
+        alias="body",
+        field_info=BodyFieldInfo(**BodyFieldInfo_kwargs),
+    )
+    return final_field
+
+
+def get_validation_alias(field: ModelField) -> str:
+    va = getattr(field, "validation_alias", None)
+    return va or field.alias
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/encoders.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/encoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f882d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/encoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+from collections import defaultdict, deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import (
+    IPv4Address,
+    IPv4Interface,
+    IPv4Network,
+    IPv6Address,
+    IPv6Interface,
+    IPv6Network,
+)
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from re import Pattern
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.exceptions import PydanticV1NotSupportedError
+from fastapi.types import IncEx
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl, NameEmail
+from pydantic.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefinedType
+
+from ._compat import (
+    Url,
+    is_pydantic_v1_model_instance,
+)
+
+try:
+    # pydantic.color.Color is deprecated since v2.0b3, but supporting for bwd-compat
+    from pydantic.color import Color  # ty: ignore[deprecated]
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class Color:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    # Supporting the new Color format for newer versions of Pydantic
+    from pydantic_extra_types.color import Color as PyExtraColor
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class PyExtraColor:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        pass
+
+
+# Taken from Pydantic v1 as is
+def isoformat(o: datetime.date | datetime.time) -> str:
+    return o.isoformat()
+
+
+# Adapted from Pydantic v1
+# TODO: pv2 should this return strings instead?
+def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> int | float:
+    """
+    Encodes a Decimal as int if there's no exponent, otherwise float
+
+    This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0)
+    where an integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float
+    results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse.
+    Our Id type is a prime example of this.
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0"))
+    1.0
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1"))
+    1
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("NaN"))
+    nan
+    """
+    exponent = dec_value.as_tuple().exponent
+    if isinstance(exponent, int) and exponent >= 0:
+        return int(dec_value)
+    else:
+        return float(dec_value)
+
+
+ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: dict[type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = {
+    bytes: lambda o: o.decode(),
+    Color: str,
+    PyExtraColor: str,
+    datetime.date: isoformat,
+    datetime.datetime: isoformat,
+    datetime.time: isoformat,
+    datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(),
+    Decimal: decimal_encoder,
+    Enum: lambda o: o.value,
+    frozenset: list,
+    deque: list,
+    GeneratorType: list,
+    IPv4Address: str,
+    IPv4Interface: str,
+    IPv4Network: str,
+    IPv6Address: str,
+    IPv6Interface: str,
+    IPv6Network: str,
+    NameEmail: str,
+    Path: str,
+    Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern,
+    SecretBytes: str,
+    SecretStr: str,
+    set: list,
+    UUID: str,
+    Url: str,
+    AnyUrl: str,
+}
+
+
+def generate_encoders_by_class_tuples(
+    type_encoder_map: dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]],
+) -> dict[Callable[[Any], Any], tuple[Any, ...]]:
+    encoders_by_class_tuples: dict[Callable[[Any], Any], tuple[Any, ...]] = defaultdict(
+        tuple
+    )
+    for type_, encoder in type_encoder_map.items():
+        encoders_by_class_tuples[encoder] += (type_,)
+    return encoders_by_class_tuples
+
+
+encoders_by_class_tuples = generate_encoders_by_class_tuples(ENCODERS_BY_TYPE)
+
+
+def jsonable_encoder(
+    obj: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The input object to convert to JSON.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    include: Annotated[
+        IncEx | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `include` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the
+            fields to include.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exclude: Annotated[
+        IncEx | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the
+            fields to exclude.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    by_alias: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `by_alias` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define if
+            the output should use the alias names (when provided) or the Python
+            attribute names. In an API, if you set an alias, it's probably because you
+            want to use it in the result, so you probably want to leave this set to
+            `True`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    exclude_unset: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output the fields that were not explicitly
+            set (and that only had their default values).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_defaults` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output the fields that had the same default
+            value, even when they were explicitly set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    exclude_none: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_none` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output any fields that have a `None` value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    custom_encoder: Annotated[
+        dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `custom_encoder` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            a custom encoder.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    sqlalchemy_safe: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Exclude from the output any fields that start with the name `_sa`.
+
+            This is mainly a hack for compatibility with SQLAlchemy objects, they
+            store internal SQLAlchemy-specific state in attributes named with `_sa`,
+            and those objects can't (and shouldn't be) serialized to JSON.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Convert any object to something that can be encoded in JSON.
+
+    This is used internally by FastAPI to make sure anything you return can be
+    encoded as JSON before it is sent to the client.
+
+    You can also use it yourself, for example to convert objects before saving them
+    in a database that supports only JSON.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for JSON Compatible Encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/).
+    """
+    custom_encoder = custom_encoder or {}
+    if custom_encoder:
+        if type(obj) in custom_encoder:
+            return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj)
+        else:
+            for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items():
+                if isinstance(obj, encoder_type):
+                    return encoder_instance(obj)
+    if include is not None and not isinstance(include, (set, dict)):
+        include = set(include)  # type: ignore[assignment]  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+    if exclude is not None and not isinstance(exclude, (set, dict)):
+        exclude = set(exclude)  # type: ignore[assignment]  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+    if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
+        obj_dict = obj.model_dump(
+            mode="json",
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+        )
+        return jsonable_encoder(
+            obj_dict,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+        )
+    if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj):
+        assert not isinstance(obj, type)
+        obj_dict = dataclasses.asdict(obj)
+        return jsonable_encoder(
+            obj_dict,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+            sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+        )
+    if isinstance(obj, Enum):
+        return obj.value
+    if isinstance(obj, PurePath):
+        return str(obj)
+    if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, type(None))):
+        return obj
+    if isinstance(obj, PydanticUndefinedType):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        encoded_dict = {}
+        allowed_keys = set(obj.keys())
+        if include is not None:
+            allowed_keys &= set(include)
+        if exclude is not None:
+            allowed_keys -= set(exclude)
+        for key, value in obj.items():
+            if (
+                (
+                    not sqlalchemy_safe
+                    or (not isinstance(key, str))
+                    or (not key.startswith("_sa"))
+                )
+                and (value is not None or not exclude_none)
+                and key in allowed_keys
+            ):
+                encoded_key = jsonable_encoder(
+                    key,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                    custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                    sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                )
+                encoded_value = jsonable_encoder(
+                    value,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                    custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                    sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                )
+                encoded_dict[encoded_key] = encoded_value
+        return encoded_dict
+    if isinstance(obj, (list, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, tuple, deque)):
+        encoded_list = []
+        for item in obj:
+            encoded_list.append(
+                jsonable_encoder(
+                    item,
+                    include=include,
+                    exclude=exclude,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                    custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                    sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                )
+            )
+        return encoded_list
+
+    if type(obj) in ENCODERS_BY_TYPE:
+        return ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[type(obj)](obj)
+    for encoder, classes_tuple in encoders_by_class_tuples.items():
+        if isinstance(obj, classes_tuple):
+            return encoder(obj)
+    if is_pydantic_v1_model_instance(obj):
+        raise PydanticV1NotSupportedError(
+            "pydantic.v1 models are no longer supported by FastAPI."
+            f" Please update the model {obj!r}."
+        )
+    try:
+        data = dict(obj)
+    except Exception as e:
+        errors: list[Exception] = []
+        errors.append(e)
+        try:
+            data = vars(obj)
+        except Exception as e:
+            errors.append(e)
+            raise ValueError(errors) from e
+    return jsonable_encoder(
+        data,
+        include=include,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+        exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+        sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exception_handlers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exception_handlers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..475dd7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exception_handlers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError
+from fastapi.utils import is_body_allowed_for_status_code
+from fastapi.websockets import WebSocket
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response
+from starlette.status import WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION
+
+
+async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response:
+    headers = getattr(exc, "headers", None)
+    if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(exc.status_code):
+        return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers)
+    return JSONResponse(
+        {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers
+    )
+
+
+async def request_validation_exception_handler(
+    request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError
+) -> JSONResponse:
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=422,
+        content={"detail": jsonable_encoder(exc.errors())},
+    )
+
+
+async def websocket_request_validation_exception_handler(
+    websocket: WebSocket, exc: WebSocketRequestValidationError
+) -> None:
+    await websocket.close(
+        code=WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION, reason=jsonable_encoder(exc.errors())
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7065c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Annotated, Any, TypedDict
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
+from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as StarletteWebSocketException
+
+
+class EndpointContext(TypedDict, total=False):
+    function: str
+    path: str
+    file: str
+    line: int
+
+
+class HTTPException(StarletteHTTPException):
+    """
+    An HTTP exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.
+
+    This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
+    errors in your code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+    async def read_item(item_id: str):
+        if item_id not in items:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+        return {"item": items[item_id]}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                HTTP status code to send to the client.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#use-httpexception)
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        detail: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Any data to be sent to the client in the `detail` key of the JSON
+                response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#use-httpexception)
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        headers: Annotated[
+            Mapping[str, str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Any headers to send to the client in the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#add-custom-headers)
+
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail, headers=headers)
+
+
+class WebSocketException(StarletteWebSocketException):
+    """
+    A WebSocket exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.
+
+    This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
+    errors in your code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import (
+        Cookie,
+        FastAPI,
+        WebSocket,
+        WebSocketException,
+        status,
+    )
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws")
+    async def websocket_endpoint(
+        *,
+        websocket: WebSocket,
+        session: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None,
+        item_id: str,
+    ):
+        if session is None:
+            raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION)
+        await websocket.accept()
+        while True:
+            data = await websocket.receive_text()
+            await websocket.send_text(f"Session cookie is: {session}")
+            await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A closing code from the
+                [valid codes defined in the specification](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        reason: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The reason to close the WebSocket connection.
+
+                It is UTF-8-encoded data. The interpretation of the reason is up to the
+                application, it is not specified by the WebSocket specification.
+
+                It could contain text that could be human-readable or interpretable
+                by the client code, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(code=code, reason=reason)
+
+
+RequestErrorModel: type[BaseModel] = create_model("Request")
+WebSocketErrorModel: type[BaseModel] = create_model("WebSocket")
+
+
+class FastAPIError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    A generic, FastAPI-specific error.
+    """
+
+
+class DependencyScopeError(FastAPIError):
+    """
+    A dependency declared that it depends on another dependency with an invalid
+    (narrower) scope.
+    """
+
+
+class ValidationException(Exception):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._errors = errors
+        self.endpoint_ctx = endpoint_ctx
+
+        ctx = endpoint_ctx or {}
+        self.endpoint_function = ctx.get("function")
+        self.endpoint_path = ctx.get("path")
+        self.endpoint_file = ctx.get("file")
+        self.endpoint_line = ctx.get("line")
+
+    def errors(self) -> Sequence[Any]:
+        return self._errors
+
+    def _format_endpoint_context(self) -> str:
+        if not (self.endpoint_file and self.endpoint_line and self.endpoint_function):
+            if self.endpoint_path:
+                return f"\n  Endpoint: {self.endpoint_path}"
+            return ""
+
+        context = f'\n  File "{self.endpoint_file}", line {self.endpoint_line}, in {self.endpoint_function}'
+        if self.endpoint_path:
+            context += f"\n    {self.endpoint_path}"
+        return context
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        message = f"{len(self._errors)} validation error{'s' if len(self._errors) != 1 else ''}:\n"
+        for err in self._errors:
+            message += f"  {err}\n"
+        message += self._format_endpoint_context()
+        return message.rstrip()
+
+
+class RequestValidationError(ValidationException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        body: Any = None,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
+        self.body = body
+
+
+class WebSocketRequestValidationError(ValidationException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
+
+
+class ResponseValidationError(ValidationException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        body: Any = None,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
+        self.body = body
+
+
+class PydanticV1NotSupportedError(FastAPIError):
+    """
+    A pydantic.v1 model is used, which is no longer supported.
+    """
+
+
+class FastAPIDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
+    """
+    A custom deprecation warning as DeprecationWarning is ignored
+    Ref: https://sethmlarson.dev/deprecations-via-warnings-dont-work-for-python-libraries
+    """
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/logger.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/logger.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b2c4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/logger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fastapi")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..620296d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware as Middleware
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce3f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+# Used mainly to close files after the request is done, dependencies are closed
+# in their own AsyncExitStack
+class AsyncExitStackMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self, app: ASGIApp, context_name: str = "fastapi_middleware_astack"
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.context_name = context_name
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+            scope[self.context_name] = stack
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/cors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/cors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dfaad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/cors.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware as CORSMiddleware  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/gzip.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/gzip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbeb2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/gzip.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware as GZipMiddleware  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/httpsredirect.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/httpsredirect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7a3d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/httpsredirect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.middleware.httpsredirect import (  # noqa
+    HTTPSRedirectMiddleware as HTTPSRedirectMiddleware,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/trustedhost.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/trustedhost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08d7e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/trustedhost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.middleware.trustedhost import (  # noqa
+    TrustedHostMiddleware as TrustedHostMiddleware,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/wsgi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69e4dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.middleware.wsgi import (
+    WSGIMiddleware as WSGIMiddleware,
+)  # pragma: no cover # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/__init__.py
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/constants.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d724ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+METHODS_WITH_BODY = {"GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH"}
+REF_PREFIX = "#/components/schemas/"
+REF_TEMPLATE = "#/components/schemas/{model}"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/docs.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/docs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d9242f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/docs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+import json
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+
+def _html_safe_json(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Serialize a value to JSON with HTML special characters escaped.
+
+    This prevents injection when the JSON is embedded inside a <script> tag.
+    """
+    return (
+        json.dumps(value)
+        .replace("<", "\\u003c")
+        .replace(">", "\\u003e")
+        .replace("&", "\\u0026")
+    )
+
+
+swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[
+    dict[str, Any],
+    Doc(
+        """
+        Default configurations for Swagger UI.
+
+        You can use it as a template to add any other configurations needed.
+        """
+    ),
+] = {
+    "dom_id": "#swagger-ui",
+    "layout": "BaseLayout",
+    "deepLinking": True,
+    "showExtensions": True,
+    "showCommonExtensions": True,
+}
+
+
+def get_swagger_ui_html(
+    *,
+    openapi_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OpenAPI URL that Swagger UI should load and use.
+
+            This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL
+            `/openapi.json`.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Conditional OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/conditional-openapi/#conditional-openapi-from-settings-and-env-vars)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    swagger_js_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the Swagger UI JavaScript.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
+    swagger_css_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the Swagger UI CSS.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css",
+    swagger_favicon_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
+    oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OAuth2 redirect URL, it is normally automatically handled by FastAPI.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    init_oauth: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A dictionary with Swagger UI OAuth2 initialization configurations.
+
+            Read more about the available configuration options in the
+            [Swagger UI docs](https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/oauth2/).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Configuration parameters for Swagger UI.
+
+            It defaults to [swagger_ui_default_parameters][fastapi.openapi.docs.swagger_ui_default_parameters].
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about how to Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate and return the HTML  that loads Swagger UI for the interactive
+    API docs (normally served at `/docs`).
+
+    You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts,
+    for example the URLs to use to load Swagger UI's JavaScript and CSS.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/)
+    and the [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/).
+    """
+    current_swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_default_parameters.copy()
+    if swagger_ui_parameters:
+        current_swagger_ui_parameters.update(swagger_ui_parameters)
+
+    html = f"""
+    <!DOCTYPE html>
+    <html>
+    <head>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="{swagger_css_url}">
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{swagger_favicon_url}">
+    <title>{title}</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    <div id="swagger-ui">
+    </div>
+    <script src="{swagger_js_url}"></script>
+    <!-- `SwaggerUIBundle` is now available on the page -->
+    <script>
+    const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({{
+        url: '{openapi_url}',
+    """
+
+    for key, value in current_swagger_ui_parameters.items():
+        html += f"{_html_safe_json(key)}: {_html_safe_json(jsonable_encoder(value))},\n"
+
+    if oauth2_redirect_url:
+        html += f"oauth2RedirectUrl: window.location.origin + '{oauth2_redirect_url}',"
+
+    html += """
+    presets: [
+        SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
+        SwaggerUIBundle.SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
+        ],
+    })"""
+
+    if init_oauth:
+        html += f"""
+        ui.initOAuth({_html_safe_json(jsonable_encoder(init_oauth))})
+        """
+
+    html += """
+    </script>
+    </body>
+    </html>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(html)
+
+
+def get_redoc_html(
+    *,
+    openapi_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OpenAPI URL that ReDoc should load and use.
+
+            This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL
+            `/openapi.json`.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Conditional OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/conditional-openapi/#conditional-openapi-from-settings-and-env-vars)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    redoc_js_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the ReDoc JavaScript.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@2/bundles/redoc.standalone.js",
+    redoc_favicon_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
+    with_google_fonts: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Load and use Google Fonts.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+) -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate and return the HTML response that loads ReDoc for the alternative
+    API docs (normally served at `/redoc`).
+
+    You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts,
+    for example the URLs to use to load ReDoc's JavaScript and CSS.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/).
+    """
+    html = f"""
+    <!DOCTYPE html>
+    <html>
+    <head>
+    <title>{title}</title>
+    <!-- needed for adaptive design -->
+    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    """
+    if with_google_fonts:
+        html += """
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:300,400,700|Roboto:300,400,700" rel="stylesheet">
+    """
+    html += f"""
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{redoc_favicon_url}">
+    <!--
+    ReDoc doesn't change outer page styles
+    -->
+    <style>
+      body {{
+        margin: 0;
+        padding: 0;
+      }}
+    </style>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    <noscript>
+        ReDoc requires Javascript to function. Please enable it to browse the documentation.
+    </noscript>
+    <redoc spec-url="{openapi_url}"></redoc>
+    <script src="{redoc_js_url}"> </script>
+    </body>
+    </html>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(html)
+
+
+def get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate the HTML response with the OAuth2 redirection for Swagger UI.
+
+    You normally don't need to use or change this.
+    """
+    # copied from https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/v4.14.0/dist/oauth2-redirect.html
+    html = """
+    <!doctype html>
+    <html lang="en-US">
+    <head>
+        <title>Swagger UI: OAuth2 Redirect</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    <script>
+        'use strict';
+        function run () {
+            var oauth2 = window.opener.swaggerUIRedirectOauth2;
+            var sentState = oauth2.state;
+            var redirectUrl = oauth2.redirectUrl;
+            var isValid, qp, arr;
+
+            if (/code|token|error/.test(window.location.hash)) {
+                qp = window.location.hash.substring(1).replace('?', '&');
+            } else {
+                qp = location.search.substring(1);
+            }
+
+            arr = qp.split("&");
+            arr.forEach(function (v,i,_arr) { _arr[i] = '"' + v.replace('=', '":"') + '"';});
+            qp = qp ? JSON.parse('{' + arr.join() + '}',
+                    function (key, value) {
+                        return key === "" ? value : decodeURIComponent(value);
+                    }
+            ) : {};
+
+            isValid = qp.state === sentState;
+
+            if ((
+              oauth2.auth.schema.get("flow") === "accessCode" ||
+              oauth2.auth.schema.get("flow") === "authorizationCode" ||
+              oauth2.auth.schema.get("flow") === "authorization_code"
+            ) && !oauth2.auth.code) {
+                if (!isValid) {
+                    oauth2.errCb({
+                        authId: oauth2.auth.name,
+                        source: "auth",
+                        level: "warning",
+                        message: "Authorization may be unsafe, passed state was changed in server. The passed state wasn't returned from auth server."
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if (qp.code) {
+                    delete oauth2.state;
+                    oauth2.auth.code = qp.code;
+                    oauth2.callback({auth: oauth2.auth, redirectUrl: redirectUrl});
+                } else {
+                    let oauthErrorMsg;
+                    if (qp.error) {
+                        oauthErrorMsg = "["+qp.error+"]: " +
+                            (qp.error_description ? qp.error_description+ ". " : "no accessCode received from the server. ") +
+                            (qp.error_uri ? "More info: "+qp.error_uri : "");
+                    }
+
+                    oauth2.errCb({
+                        authId: oauth2.auth.name,
+                        source: "auth",
+                        level: "error",
+                        message: oauthErrorMsg || "[Authorization failed]: no accessCode received from the server."
+                    });
+                }
+            } else {
+                oauth2.callback({auth: oauth2.auth, token: qp, isValid: isValid, redirectUrl: redirectUrl});
+            }
+            window.close();
+        }
+
+        if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {
+            run();
+        } else {
+            document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
+                run();
+            });
+        }
+    </script>
+    </body>
+    </html>
+        """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=html)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/models.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca26bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from fastapi._compat import with_info_plain_validator_function
+from fastapi.logger import logger
+from pydantic import (
+    AnyUrl,
+    BaseModel,
+    Field,
+    GetJsonSchemaHandler,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+from typing_extensions import deprecated as typing_deprecated
+
+try:
+    import email_validator
+
+    assert email_validator  # make autoflake ignore the unused import
+    from pydantic import EmailStr
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class EmailStr(str):  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]:
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, v: Any) -> str:
+            logger.warning(
+                "email-validator not installed, email fields will be treated as str.\n"
+                "To install, run: pip install email-validator"
+            )
+            return str(v)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> str:
+            logger.warning(
+                "email-validator not installed, email fields will be treated as str.\n"
+                "To install, run: pip install email-validator"
+            )
+            return str(__input_value)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: Mapping[str, Any], handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return {"type": "string", "format": "email"}
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], Mapping[str, Any]]
+        ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+            return with_info_plain_validator_function(cls._validate)
+
+
+class BaseModelWithConfig(BaseModel):
+    model_config = {"extra": "allow"}
+
+
+class Contact(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str | None = None
+    url: AnyUrl | None = None
+    email: EmailStr | None = None
+
+
+class License(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str
+    identifier: str | None = None
+    url: AnyUrl | None = None
+
+
+class Info(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    title: str
+    summary: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    termsOfService: str | None = None
+    contact: Contact | None = None
+    license: License | None = None
+    version: str
+
+
+class ServerVariable(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    enum: Annotated[list[str] | None, Field(min_length=1)] = None
+    default: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+class Server(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    url: AnyUrl | str
+    description: str | None = None
+    variables: dict[str, ServerVariable] | None = None
+
+
+class Reference(BaseModel):
+    ref: str = Field(alias="$ref")
+
+
+class Discriminator(BaseModel):
+    propertyName: str
+    mapping: dict[str, str] | None = None
+
+
+class XML(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str | None = None
+    namespace: str | None = None
+    prefix: str | None = None
+    attribute: bool | None = None
+    wrapped: bool | None = None
+
+
+class ExternalDocumentation(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str | None = None
+    url: AnyUrl
+
+
+# Ref JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation#name-type
+SchemaType = Literal[
+    "array", "boolean", "integer", "null", "number", "object", "string"
+]
+
+
+class Schema(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    # Ref: JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-the-json-schema-core-vocabu
+    # Core Vocabulary
+    schema_: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$schema")
+    vocabulary: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$vocabulary")
+    id: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$id")
+    anchor: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$anchor")
+    dynamicAnchor: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$dynamicAnchor")
+    ref: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$ref")
+    dynamicRef: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$dynamicRef")
+    defs: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = Field(default=None, alias="$defs")
+    comment: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$comment")
+    # Ref: JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-applying-s
+    # A Vocabulary for Applying Subschemas
+    allOf: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    anyOf: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    oneOf: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    not_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="not")
+    if_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="if")
+    then: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    else_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="else")
+    dependentSchemas: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    prefixItems: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    items: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    contains: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    properties: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    patternProperties: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    additionalProperties: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    propertyNames: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    unevaluatedItems: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    unevaluatedProperties: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-structural
+    # A Vocabulary for Structural Validation
+    type: SchemaType | list[SchemaType] | None = None
+    enum: list[Any] | None = None
+    const: Any | None = None
+    multipleOf: float | None = Field(default=None, gt=0)
+    maximum: float | None = None
+    exclusiveMaximum: float | None = None
+    minimum: float | None = None
+    exclusiveMinimum: float | None = None
+    maxLength: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minLength: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    pattern: str | None = None
+    maxItems: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minItems: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    uniqueItems: bool | None = None
+    maxContains: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minContains: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    maxProperties: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minProperties: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    required: list[str] | None = None
+    dependentRequired: dict[str, set[str]] | None = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-vocabularies-for-semantic-c
+    # Vocabularies for Semantic Content With "format"
+    format: str | None = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-the-conten
+    # A Vocabulary for the Contents of String-Encoded Data
+    contentEncoding: str | None = None
+    contentMediaType: str | None = None
+    contentSchema: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-basic-meta
+    # A Vocabulary for Basic Meta-Data Annotations
+    title: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    default: Any | None = None
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    readOnly: bool | None = None
+    writeOnly: bool | None = None
+    examples: list[Any] | None = None
+    # Ref: OpenAPI 3.1.0: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#schema-object
+    # Schema Object
+    discriminator: Discriminator | None = None
+    xml: XML | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        typing_deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None
+
+
+# Ref: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-json-schema-documents
+# A JSON Schema MUST be an object or a boolean.
+SchemaOrBool = Schema | bool
+
+
+class Example(TypedDict, total=False):
+    summary: str | None
+    description: str | None
+    value: Any | None
+    externalValue: AnyUrl | None
+
+    __pydantic_config__ = {"extra": "allow"}  # type: ignore[misc]  # ty: ignore[invalid-typed-dict-statement]
+
+
+class ParameterInType(Enum):
+    query = "query"
+    header = "header"
+    path = "path"
+    cookie = "cookie"
+
+
+class Encoding(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    contentType: str | None = None
+    headers: dict[str, Union["Header", Reference]] | None = None
+    style: str | None = None
+    explode: bool | None = None
+    allowReserved: bool | None = None
+
+
+class MediaType(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    schema_: Schema | Reference | None = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
+    example: Any | None = None
+    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
+    encoding: dict[str, Encoding] | None = None
+
+
+class ParameterBase(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str | None = None
+    required: bool | None = None
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    # Serialization rules for simple scenarios
+    style: str | None = None
+    explode: bool | None = None
+    allowReserved: bool | None = None
+    schema_: Schema | Reference | None = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
+    example: Any | None = None
+    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
+    # Serialization rules for more complex scenarios
+    content: dict[str, MediaType] | None = None
+
+
+class Parameter(ParameterBase):
+    name: str
+    in_: ParameterInType = Field(alias="in")
+
+
+class Header(ParameterBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class RequestBody(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str | None = None
+    content: dict[str, MediaType]
+    required: bool | None = None
+
+
+class Link(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    operationRef: str | None = None
+    operationId: str | None = None
+    parameters: dict[str, Any | str] | None = None
+    requestBody: Any | str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    server: Server | None = None
+
+
+class Response(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str
+    headers: dict[str, Header | Reference] | None = None
+    content: dict[str, MediaType] | None = None
+    links: dict[str, Link | Reference] | None = None
+
+
+class Operation(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    tags: list[str] | None = None
+    summary: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+    operationId: str | None = None
+    parameters: list[Parameter | Reference] | None = None
+    requestBody: RequestBody | Reference | None = None
+    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
+    responses: dict[str, Response | Any] | None = None
+    callbacks: dict[str, dict[str, "PathItem"] | Reference] | None = None
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    security: list[dict[str, list[str]]] | None = None
+    servers: list[Server] | None = None
+
+
+class PathItem(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    ref: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$ref")
+    summary: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    get: Operation | None = None
+    put: Operation | None = None
+    post: Operation | None = None
+    delete: Operation | None = None
+    options: Operation | None = None
+    head: Operation | None = None
+    patch: Operation | None = None
+    trace: Operation | None = None
+    servers: list[Server] | None = None
+    parameters: list[Parameter | Reference] | None = None
+
+
+class SecuritySchemeType(Enum):
+    apiKey = "apiKey"
+    http = "http"
+    oauth2 = "oauth2"
+    openIdConnect = "openIdConnect"
+
+
+class SecurityBase(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(alias="type")
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+class APIKeyIn(Enum):
+    query = "query"
+    header = "header"
+    cookie = "cookie"
+
+
+class APIKey(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.apiKey, alias="type")
+    in_: APIKeyIn = Field(alias="in")
+    name: str
+
+
+class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.http, alias="type")
+    scheme: str
+
+
+class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
+    scheme: Literal["bearer"] = "bearer"
+    bearerFormat: str | None = None
+
+
+class OAuthFlow(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    refreshUrl: str | None = None
+    scopes: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+
+class OAuthFlowImplicit(OAuthFlow):
+    authorizationUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlowPassword(OAuthFlow):
+    tokenUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlowClientCredentials(OAuthFlow):
+    tokenUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlowAuthorizationCode(OAuthFlow):
+    authorizationUrl: str
+    tokenUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlows(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    implicit: OAuthFlowImplicit | None = None
+    password: OAuthFlowPassword | None = None
+    clientCredentials: OAuthFlowClientCredentials | None = None
+    authorizationCode: OAuthFlowAuthorizationCode | None = None
+
+
+class OAuth2(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.oauth2, alias="type")
+    flows: OAuthFlows
+
+
+class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(
+        default=SecuritySchemeType.openIdConnect, alias="type"
+    )
+    openIdConnectUrl: str
+
+
+SecurityScheme = APIKey | HTTPBase | OAuth2 | OpenIdConnect | HTTPBearer
+
+
+class Components(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    schemas: dict[str, Schema | Reference] | None = None
+    responses: dict[str, Response | Reference] | None = None
+    parameters: dict[str, Parameter | Reference] | None = None
+    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
+    requestBodies: dict[str, RequestBody | Reference] | None = None
+    headers: dict[str, Header | Reference] | None = None
+    securitySchemes: dict[str, SecurityScheme | Reference] | None = None
+    links: dict[str, Link | Reference] | None = None
+    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
+    callbacks: dict[str, dict[str, PathItem] | Reference | Any] | None = None
+    pathItems: dict[str, PathItem | Reference] | None = None
+
+
+class Tag(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+
+
+class OpenAPI(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    openapi: str
+    info: Info
+    jsonSchemaDialect: str | None = None
+    servers: list[Server] | None = None
+    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
+    paths: dict[str, PathItem | Any] | None = None
+    webhooks: dict[str, PathItem | Reference] | None = None
+    components: Components | None = None
+    security: list[dict[str, list[str]]] | None = None
+    tags: list[Tag] | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+
+
+Schema.model_rebuild()
+Operation.model_rebuild()
+Encoding.model_rebuild()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e0aca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+import copy
+import http.client
+import inspect
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+
+from fastapi import routing
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    get_definitions,
+    get_flat_models_from_fields,
+    get_model_name_map,
+    get_schema_from_model_field,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+)
+from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, _Unset
+from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
+from fastapi.dependencies.utils import (
+    _get_flat_fields_from_params,
+    get_flat_dependant,
+    get_flat_params,
+    get_validation_alias,
+)
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.openapi.constants import METHODS_WITH_BODY, REF_PREFIX
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OpenAPI
+from fastapi.params import Body, ParamTypes
+from fastapi.responses import Response
+from fastapi.sse import _SSE_EVENT_SCHEMA
+from fastapi.types import ModelNameMap
+from fastapi.utils import (
+    deep_dict_update,
+    generate_operation_id_for_path,
+    is_body_allowed_for_status_code,
+)
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
+
+validation_error_definition = {
+    "title": "ValidationError",
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "loc": {
+            "title": "Location",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]},
+        },
+        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+        "input": {"title": "Input"},
+        "ctx": {"title": "Context", "type": "object"},
+    },
+    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+}
+
+validation_error_response_definition = {
+    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "detail": {
+            "title": "Detail",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {"$ref": REF_PREFIX + "ValidationError"},
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+status_code_ranges: dict[str, str] = {
+    "1XX": "Information",
+    "2XX": "Success",
+    "3XX": "Redirection",
+    "4XX": "Client Error",
+    "5XX": "Server Error",
+    "DEFAULT": "Default Response",
+}
+
+
+def get_openapi_security_definitions(
+    flat_dependant: Dependant,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    security_definitions = {}
+    # Use a dict to merge scopes for same security scheme
+    operation_security_dict: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    for security_dependency in flat_dependant._security_dependencies:
+        security_definition = jsonable_encoder(
+            security_dependency._security_scheme.model,
+            by_alias=True,
+            exclude_none=True,
+        )
+        security_name = security_dependency._security_scheme.scheme_name
+        security_definitions[security_name] = security_definition
+        # Merge scopes for the same security scheme
+        if security_name not in operation_security_dict:
+            operation_security_dict[security_name] = []
+        for scope in security_dependency.oauth_scopes or []:
+            if scope not in operation_security_dict[security_name]:
+                operation_security_dict[security_name].append(scope)
+    operation_security = [
+        {name: scopes} for name, scopes in operation_security_dict.items()
+    ]
+    return security_definitions, operation_security
+
+
+def _get_openapi_operation_parameters(
+    *,
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    parameters = []
+    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant, skip_repeats=True)
+    path_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.path_params)
+    query_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.query_params)
+    header_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.header_params)
+    cookie_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.cookie_params)
+    parameter_groups = [
+        (ParamTypes.path, path_params),
+        (ParamTypes.query, query_params),
+        (ParamTypes.header, header_params),
+        (ParamTypes.cookie, cookie_params),
+    ]
+    default_convert_underscores = True
+    if len(flat_dependant.header_params) == 1:
+        first_field = flat_dependant.header_params[0]
+        if lenient_issubclass(first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel):
+            default_convert_underscores = getattr(
+                first_field.field_info, "convert_underscores", True
+            )
+    for param_type, param_group in parameter_groups:
+        for param in param_group:
+            field_info = param.field_info
+            # field_info = cast(Param, field_info)
+            if not getattr(field_info, "include_in_schema", True):
+                continue
+            param_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                field=param,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            name = get_validation_alias(param)
+            convert_underscores = getattr(
+                param.field_info,
+                "convert_underscores",
+                default_convert_underscores,
+            )
+            if (
+                param_type == ParamTypes.header
+                and name == param.name
+                and convert_underscores
+            ):
+                name = param.name.replace("_", "-")
+
+            parameter = {
+                "name": name,
+                "in": param_type.value,
+                "required": param.field_info.is_required(),
+                "schema": param_schema,
+            }
+            if field_info.description:
+                parameter["description"] = field_info.description
+            openapi_examples = getattr(field_info, "openapi_examples", None)
+            example = getattr(field_info, "example", None)
+            if openapi_examples:
+                parameter["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(openapi_examples)
+            elif example is not _Unset:
+                parameter["example"] = jsonable_encoder(example)
+            if getattr(field_info, "deprecated", None):
+                parameter["deprecated"] = True
+            parameters.append(parameter)
+    return parameters
+
+
+def get_openapi_operation_request_body(
+    *,
+    body_field: ModelField | None,
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if not body_field:
+        return None
+    assert isinstance(body_field, ModelField)
+    body_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+        field=body_field,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        field_mapping=field_mapping,
+        separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+    )
+    field_info = cast(Body, body_field.field_info)
+    request_media_type = field_info.media_type
+    required = body_field.field_info.is_required()
+    request_body_oai: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if required:
+        request_body_oai["required"] = required
+    request_media_content: dict[str, Any] = {"schema": body_schema}
+    if field_info.openapi_examples:
+        request_media_content["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(
+            field_info.openapi_examples
+        )
+    elif field_info.example is not _Unset:
+        request_media_content["example"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.example)
+    request_body_oai["content"] = {request_media_type: request_media_content}
+    return request_body_oai
+
+
+def generate_operation_id(
+    *, route: routing._APIRouteLike, method: str
+) -> str:  # pragma: nocover
+    warnings.warn(
+        message="fastapi.openapi.utils.generate_operation_id() was deprecated, "
+        "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon",
+        category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    if route.operation_id:
+        return route.operation_id
+    path: str = route.path_format
+    return generate_operation_id_for_path(name=route.name, path=path, method=method)
+
+
+def generate_operation_summary(*, route: routing._APIRouteLike, method: str) -> str:
+    if route.summary:
+        return route.summary
+    return route.name.replace("_", " ").title()
+
+
+def get_openapi_operation_metadata(
+    *, route: routing._APIRouteLike, method: str, operation_ids: set[str]
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    operation: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if route.tags:
+        operation["tags"] = route.tags
+    operation["summary"] = generate_operation_summary(route=route, method=method)
+    if route.description:
+        operation["description"] = route.description
+    operation_id = route.operation_id or route.unique_id
+    if operation_id in operation_ids:
+        endpoint_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__name__", "<unnamed_endpoint>")
+        message = f"Duplicate Operation ID {operation_id} for function {endpoint_name}"
+        file_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__globals__", {}).get("__file__")
+        if file_name:
+            message += f" at {file_name}"
+        warnings.warn(message, stacklevel=1)
+    operation_ids.add(operation_id)
+    operation["operationId"] = operation_id
+    if route.deprecated:
+        operation["deprecated"] = route.deprecated
+    return operation
+
+
+def get_openapi_path(
+    *,
+    route: routing._APIRouteLike,
+    operation_ids: set[str],
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
+    path = {}
+    security_schemes: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    definitions: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    assert route.methods is not None, "Methods must be a list"
+    if isinstance(route.response_class, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        current_response_class: type[Response] = route.response_class.value
+    else:
+        current_response_class = route.response_class
+    assert current_response_class, "A response class is needed to generate OpenAPI"
+    route_response_media_type: str | None = current_response_class.media_type
+    if route.include_in_schema:
+        for method in route.methods:
+            operation = get_openapi_operation_metadata(
+                route=route, method=method, operation_ids=operation_ids
+            )
+            parameters: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+            flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(route.dependant, skip_repeats=True)
+            security_definitions, operation_security = get_openapi_security_definitions(
+                flat_dependant=flat_dependant
+            )
+            if operation_security:
+                operation.setdefault("security", []).extend(operation_security)
+            if security_definitions:
+                security_schemes.update(security_definitions)
+            operation_parameters = _get_openapi_operation_parameters(
+                dependant=route.dependant,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            parameters.extend(operation_parameters)
+            if parameters:
+                all_parameters = {
+                    (param["in"], param["name"]): param for param in parameters
+                }
+                required_parameters = {
+                    (param["in"], param["name"]): param
+                    for param in parameters
+                    if param.get("required")
+                }
+                # Make sure required definitions of the same parameter take precedence
+                # over non-required definitions
+                all_parameters.update(required_parameters)
+                operation["parameters"] = list(all_parameters.values())
+            if method in METHODS_WITH_BODY:
+                request_body_oai = get_openapi_operation_request_body(
+                    body_field=route.body_field,
+                    model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                    field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                    separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                )
+                if request_body_oai:
+                    operation["requestBody"] = request_body_oai
+            if route.callbacks:
+                callbacks = {}
+                for callback in route.callbacks:
+                    if isinstance(callback, routing.APIRoute):
+                        (
+                            cb_path,
+                            cb_security_schemes,
+                            cb_definitions,
+                        ) = get_openapi_path(
+                            route=cast(routing._APIRouteLike, callback),
+                            operation_ids=operation_ids,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        callbacks[callback.name] = {callback.path: cb_path}
+                operation["callbacks"] = callbacks
+            if route.status_code is not None:
+                status_code = str(route.status_code)
+            else:
+                # It would probably make more sense for all response classes to have an
+                # explicit default status_code, and to extract it from them, instead of
+                # doing this inspection tricks, that would probably be in the future
+                # TODO: probably make status_code a default class attribute for all
+                # responses in Starlette
+                response_signature = inspect.signature(current_response_class.__init__)
+                status_code_param = response_signature.parameters.get("status_code")
+                if status_code_param is not None:
+                    if isinstance(status_code_param.default, int):
+                        status_code = str(status_code_param.default)
+            operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(status_code, {})[
+                "description"
+            ] = route.response_description
+            if is_body_allowed_for_status_code(route.status_code):
+                # Check for JSONL streaming (generator endpoints)
+                if route.is_json_stream:
+                    jsonl_content: dict[str, Any] = {}
+                    if route.stream_item_field:
+                        item_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                            field=route.stream_item_field,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        jsonl_content["itemSchema"] = item_schema
+                    else:
+                        jsonl_content["itemSchema"] = {}
+                    operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(
+                        status_code, {}
+                    ).setdefault("content", {})["application/jsonl"] = jsonl_content
+                elif route.is_sse_stream:
+                    sse_content: dict[str, Any] = {}
+                    item_schema = copy.deepcopy(_SSE_EVENT_SCHEMA)
+                    if route.stream_item_field:
+                        content_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                            field=route.stream_item_field,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        item_schema["required"] = ["data"]
+                        item_schema["properties"]["data"] = {
+                            "type": "string",
+                            "contentMediaType": "application/json",
+                            "contentSchema": content_schema,
+                        }
+                    sse_content["itemSchema"] = item_schema
+                    operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(
+                        status_code, {}
+                    ).setdefault("content", {})["text/event-stream"] = sse_content
+                elif route_response_media_type:
+                    response_schema = {"type": "string"}
+                    if lenient_issubclass(current_response_class, JSONResponse):
+                        if route.response_field:
+                            response_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                                field=route.response_field,
+                                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            response_schema = {}
+                    operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(
+                        status_code, {}
+                    ).setdefault("content", {}).setdefault(
+                        route_response_media_type, {}
+                    )["schema"] = response_schema
+            if route.responses:
+                operation_responses = operation.setdefault("responses", {})
+                for (
+                    additional_status_code,
+                    additional_response,
+                ) in route.responses.items():
+                    process_response = copy.deepcopy(additional_response)
+                    process_response.pop("model", None)
+                    status_code_key = str(additional_status_code).upper()
+                    if status_code_key == "DEFAULT":
+                        status_code_key = "default"
+                    openapi_response = operation_responses.setdefault(
+                        status_code_key, {}
+                    )
+                    assert isinstance(process_response, dict), (
+                        "An additional response must be a dict"
+                    )
+                    field = route.response_fields.get(additional_status_code)
+                    additional_field_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+                    if field:
+                        additional_field_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                            field=field,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        media_type = route_response_media_type or "application/json"
+                        additional_schema = (
+                            process_response.setdefault("content", {})
+                            .setdefault(media_type, {})
+                            .setdefault("schema", {})
+                        )
+                        deep_dict_update(additional_schema, additional_field_schema)
+                    status_text: str | None = status_code_ranges.get(
+                        str(additional_status_code).upper()
+                    ) or http.client.responses.get(int(additional_status_code))
+                    description = (
+                        process_response.get("description")
+                        or openapi_response.get("description")
+                        or status_text
+                        or "Additional Response"
+                    )
+                    deep_dict_update(openapi_response, process_response)
+                    openapi_response["description"] = description
+            http422 = "422"
+            all_route_params = get_flat_params(route.dependant)
+            if (all_route_params or route.body_field) and not any(
+                status in operation["responses"]
+                for status in [http422, "4XX", "default"]
+            ):
+                operation["responses"][http422] = {
+                    "description": "Validation Error",
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": REF_PREFIX + "HTTPValidationError"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+                if "ValidationError" not in definitions:
+                    definitions.update(
+                        {
+                            "ValidationError": validation_error_definition,
+                            "HTTPValidationError": validation_error_response_definition,
+                        }
+                    )
+            if route.openapi_extra:
+                deep_dict_update(operation, route.openapi_extra)
+            path[method.lower()] = operation
+    return path, security_schemes, definitions
+
+
+def _get_api_route_for_openapi(
+    route_context: routing.RouteContext,
+) -> routing._APIRouteLike | None:
+    if isinstance(route_context.original_route, routing.APIRoute):
+        return cast(routing._APIRouteLike, route_context)
+    return None
+
+
+def get_fields_from_routes(
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | routing.RouteContext],
+) -> list[ModelField]:
+    body_fields_from_routes: list[ModelField] = []
+    responses_from_routes: list[ModelField] = []
+    request_fields_from_routes: list[ModelField] = []
+    callback_flat_models: list[ModelField] = []
+    for route_context in routing.iter_route_contexts(routes):
+        api_route = _get_api_route_for_openapi(route_context)
+        if api_route is None:
+            continue
+        if api_route.include_in_schema:
+            if api_route.body_field:
+                assert isinstance(api_route.body_field, ModelField), (
+                    "A request body must be a Pydantic Field"
+                )
+                body_fields_from_routes.append(api_route.body_field)
+            if api_route.response_field:
+                responses_from_routes.append(api_route.response_field)
+            if api_route.response_fields:
+                responses_from_routes.extend(api_route.response_fields.values())
+            if api_route.stream_item_field:
+                responses_from_routes.append(api_route.stream_item_field)
+            if api_route.callbacks:
+                callback_flat_models.extend(get_fields_from_routes(api_route.callbacks))
+            params = get_flat_params(api_route.dependant)
+            request_fields_from_routes.extend(params)
+
+    flat_models = callback_flat_models + list(
+        body_fields_from_routes + responses_from_routes + request_fields_from_routes
+    )
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_openapi(
+    *,
+    title: str,
+    version: str,
+    openapi_version: str = "3.1.0",
+    summary: str | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | routing.RouteContext],
+    webhooks: Sequence[BaseRoute | routing.RouteContext] | None = None,
+    tags: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+    servers: list[dict[str, str | Any]] | None = None,
+    terms_of_service: str | None = None,
+    contact: dict[str, str | Any] | None = None,
+    license_info: dict[str, str | Any] | None = None,
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+    external_docs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    info: dict[str, Any] = {"title": title, "version": version}
+    if summary:
+        info["summary"] = summary
+    if description:
+        info["description"] = description
+    if terms_of_service:
+        info["termsOfService"] = terms_of_service
+    if contact:
+        info["contact"] = contact
+    if license_info:
+        info["license"] = license_info
+    output: dict[str, Any] = {"openapi": openapi_version, "info": info}
+    if servers:
+        output["servers"] = servers
+    components: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    paths: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    webhook_paths: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    operation_ids: set[str] = set()
+    all_fields = get_fields_from_routes(list(routes) + list(webhooks or []))
+    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_fields(all_fields, known_models=set())
+    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+    field_mapping, definitions = get_definitions(
+        fields=all_fields,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+    )
+    for route_context in routing.iter_route_contexts(routes):
+        api_route = _get_api_route_for_openapi(route_context)
+        if api_route is not None:
+            result = get_openapi_path(
+                route=api_route,
+                operation_ids=operation_ids,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            if result:
+                path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result
+                if path:
+                    paths.setdefault(api_route.path_format, {}).update(path)
+                if security_schemes:
+                    components.setdefault("securitySchemes", {}).update(
+                        security_schemes
+                    )
+                if path_definitions:
+                    definitions.update(path_definitions)
+    for webhook_context in routing.iter_route_contexts(webhooks or []):
+        api_webhook = _get_api_route_for_openapi(webhook_context)
+        if api_webhook is not None:
+            result = get_openapi_path(
+                route=api_webhook,
+                operation_ids=operation_ids,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            if result:
+                path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result
+                if path:
+                    webhook_paths.setdefault(api_webhook.path_format, {}).update(path)
+                if security_schemes:
+                    components.setdefault("securitySchemes", {}).update(
+                        security_schemes
+                    )
+                if path_definitions:
+                    definitions.update(path_definitions)
+    if definitions:
+        components["schemas"] = {k: definitions[k] for k in sorted(definitions)}
+    if components:
+        output["components"] = components
+    output["paths"] = paths
+    if webhook_paths:
+        output["webhooks"] = webhook_paths
+    if tags:
+        output["tags"] = tags
+    if external_docs:
+        output["externalDocs"] = external_docs
+    return jsonable_encoder(OpenAPI(**output), by_alias=True, exclude_none=True)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/param_functions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/param_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1856178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/param_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2460 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi import params
+from fastapi._compat import Undefined
+from fastapi.datastructures import _Unset
+from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
+from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+
+def Path(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = ...,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Path Parameters and Numeric Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#declare-metadata)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Declare a path parameter for a *path operation*.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Path Parameters and Numeric Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/).
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+    async def read_items(
+        item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")],
+    ):
+        return {"item_id": item_id}
+    ```
+    """
+    return params.Path(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Query(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#alternative-old-query-as-the-default-value)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#alias-parameters)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#declare-more-metadata)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#declare-more-metadata)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#add-regular-expressions
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#deprecating-parameters)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Query(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Header(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    convert_underscores: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Automatically convert underscores to hyphens in the parameter field name.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Header Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#automatic-conversion)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Header(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        convert_underscores=convert_underscores,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Cookie(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Cookie(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Body(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    embed: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            When `embed` is `True`, the parameter will be expected in a JSON body as a
+            key instead of being the JSON body itself.
+
+            This happens automatically when more than one `Body` parameter is declared.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Body - Multiple Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-multiple-params/#embed-a-single-body-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    media_type: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the
+            generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "application/json",
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Body(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        embed=embed,
+        media_type=media_type,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Form(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    media_type: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the
+            generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Form(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        media_type=media_type,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def File(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    media_type: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the
+            generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "multipart/form-data",
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.File(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        media_type=media_type,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Depends(  # noqa: N802
+    dependency: Annotated[
+        Callable[..., Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+            Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you, just pass the object
+            directly.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    *,
+    use_cache: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            By default, after a dependency is called the first time in a request, if
+            the dependency is declared again for the rest of the request (for example
+            if the dependency is needed by several dependencies), the value will be
+            re-used for the rest of the request.
+
+            Set `use_cache` to `False` to disable this behavior and ensure the
+            dependency is called again (if declared more than once) in the same request.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about sub-dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies/#using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    scope: Annotated[
+        Literal["function", "request"] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mainly for dependencies with `yield`, define when the dependency function
+            should start (the code before `yield`) and when it should end (the code
+            after `yield`).
+
+            * `"function"`: start the dependency before the *path operation function*
+                that handles the request, end the dependency after the *path operation
+                function* ends, but **before** the response is sent back to the client.
+                So, the dependency function will be executed **around** the *path operation
+                **function***.
+            * `"request"`: start the dependency before the *path operation function*
+                that handles the request (similar to when using `"function"`), but end
+                **after** the response is sent back to the client. So, the dependency
+                function will be executed **around** the **request** and response cycle.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for FastAPI Dependencies with yield](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#early-exit-and-scope)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Declare a FastAPI dependency.
+
+    It takes a single "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+    Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/).
+
+    **Example**
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+        return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
+        return commons
+    ```
+    """
+    return params.Depends(dependency=dependency, use_cache=use_cache, scope=scope)
+
+
+def Security(  # noqa: N802
+    dependency: Annotated[
+        Callable[..., Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+            Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you, just pass the object
+            directly.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    *,
+    scopes: Annotated[
+        Sequence[str] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OAuth2 scopes required for the *path operation* that uses this Security
+            dependency.
+
+            The term "scope" comes from the OAuth2 specification, it seems to be
+            intentionally vague and interpretable. It normally refers to permissions,
+            in cases to roles.
+
+            These scopes are integrated with OpenAPI (and the API docs at `/docs`).
+            So they are visible in the OpenAPI specification.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    use_cache: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            By default, after a dependency is called the first time in a request, if
+            the dependency is declared again for the rest of the request (for example
+            if the dependency is needed by several dependencies), the value will be
+            re-used for the rest of the request.
+
+            Set `use_cache` to `False` to disable this behavior and ensure the
+            dependency is called again (if declared more than once) in the same request.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about sub-dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies/#using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Declare a FastAPI Security dependency.
+
+    The only difference with a regular dependency is that it can declare OAuth2
+    scopes that will be integrated with OpenAPI and the automatic UI docs (by default
+    at `/docs`).
+
+    It takes a single "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+    Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/) and
+    in the
+    [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+
+    **Example**
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Security, FastAPI
+
+    from .db import User
+    from .security import get_current_active_user
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.get("/users/me/items/")
+    async def read_own_items(
+        current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])]
+    ):
+        return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
+    ```
+    """
+    return params.Security(dependency=dependency, scopes=scopes, use_cache=use_cache)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/params.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/params.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3f2ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/params.py
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
+
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
+from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ._compat import (
+    Undefined,
+)
+from .datastructures import _Unset
+
+
+class ParamTypes(Enum):
+    query = "query"
+    header = "header"
+    path = "path"
+    cookie = "cookie"
+
+
+class Param(FieldInfo):  # type: ignore[misc]  # ty: ignore[subclass-of-final-class]
+    in_: ParamTypes
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        if example is not _Unset:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`example` has been deprecated, please use `examples` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        self.example = example
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.openapi_examples = openapi_examples
+        kwargs = dict(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            alias=alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            **extra,
+        )
+        if examples is not None:
+            kwargs["examples"] = examples
+        if regex is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`regex` has been deprecated, please use `pattern` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        current_json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra or extra
+        kwargs["deprecated"] = deprecated
+
+        if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
+            serialization_alias = alias
+        if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
+            validation_alias = alias
+        kwargs.update(
+            {
+                "annotation": annotation,
+                "alias_priority": alias_priority,
+                "validation_alias": validation_alias,
+                "serialization_alias": serialization_alias,
+                "strict": strict,
+                "json_schema_extra": current_json_schema_extra,
+            }
+        )
+        kwargs["pattern"] = pattern or regex
+
+        use_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset}
+
+        super().__init__(**use_kwargs)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.default})"
+
+
+class Path(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.path
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = ...,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        assert default is ..., "Path parameters cannot have a default value"
+        self.in_ = self.in_
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Query(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.query
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Header(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.header
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        convert_underscores: bool = True,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        self.convert_underscores = convert_underscores
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Cookie(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.cookie
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Body(FieldInfo):  # type: ignore[misc]  # ty: ignore[subclass-of-final-class]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        embed: bool | None = None,
+        media_type: str = "application/json",
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        self.embed = embed
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        if example is not _Unset:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`example` has been deprecated, please use `examples` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        self.example = example
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.openapi_examples = openapi_examples
+        kwargs = dict(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            alias=alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            **extra,
+        )
+        if examples is not None:
+            kwargs["examples"] = examples
+        if regex is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`regex` has been deprecated, please use `pattern` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        current_json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra or extra
+        kwargs["deprecated"] = deprecated
+        if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
+            serialization_alias = alias
+        if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
+            validation_alias = alias
+        kwargs.update(
+            {
+                "annotation": annotation,
+                "alias_priority": alias_priority,
+                "validation_alias": validation_alias,
+                "serialization_alias": serialization_alias,
+                "strict": strict,
+                "json_schema_extra": current_json_schema_extra,
+            }
+        )
+        kwargs["pattern"] = pattern or regex
+
+        use_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset}
+
+        super().__init__(**use_kwargs)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.default})"
+
+
+class Form(Body):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        media_type: str = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            media_type=media_type,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class File(Form):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        media_type: str = "multipart/form-data",
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            media_type=media_type,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Depends:
+    dependency: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
+    use_cache: bool = True
+    scope: Literal["function", "request"] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Security(Depends):
+    scopes: Sequence[str] | None = None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/requests.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16552c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection as HTTPConnection  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.requests import Request as Request  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/responses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/responses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29df4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/responses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import importlib
+from typing import Any, Protocol, cast
+
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse as EventSourceResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse as FileResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse as HTMLResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse as JSONResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse as PlainTextResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse as RedirectResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import Response as Response  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse as StreamingResponse  # noqa
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+
+class _UjsonModule(Protocol):
+    def dumps(self, __obj: Any, *, ensure_ascii: bool = ...) -> str: ...
+
+
+class _OrjsonModule(Protocol):
+    OPT_NON_STR_KEYS: int
+    OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY: int
+
+    def dumps(self, __obj: Any, *, option: int = ...) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+try:
+    ujson = cast(_UjsonModule, importlib.import_module("ujson"))
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: nocover
+    ujson = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+try:
+    orjson = cast(_OrjsonModule, importlib.import_module("orjson"))
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: nocover
+    orjson = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "UJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
+    "bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
+    "faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
+    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
+    "and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
+    category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    """JSON response using the ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
+
+    **Deprecated**: `UJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
+    directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
+    set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
+    and the
+    [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+    **Note**: `ujson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
+    separately, e.g. `pip install ujson`.
+    """
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        assert ujson is not None, "ujson must be installed to use UJSONResponse"
+        return ujson.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "ORJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
+    "bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
+    "faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
+    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
+    "and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
+    category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    """JSON response using the orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
+
+    **Deprecated**: `ORJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
+    directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
+    set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
+    and the
+    [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+    **Note**: `orjson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
+    separately, e.g. `pip install orjson`.
+    """
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed to use ORJSONResponse"
+        return orjson.dumps(
+            content, option=orjson.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/routing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/routing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a2d754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6231 @@
+import contextlib
+import copy
+import email.message
+import errno
+import functools
+import inspect
+import json
+import os
+import stat
+import types
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import (
+    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    AbstractContextManager,
+    AsyncExitStack,
+    asynccontextmanager,
+)
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    Protocol,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+import anyio
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from anyio.abc import ObjectReceiveStream
+from fastapi import params
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    Undefined,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+)
+from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
+from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
+from fastapi.dependencies.utils import (
+    _should_embed_body_fields,
+    get_body_field,
+    get_dependant,
+    get_flat_dependant,
+    get_parameterless_sub_dependant,
+    get_stream_item_type,
+    get_typed_return_annotation,
+    solve_dependencies,
+)
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from fastapi.exceptions import (
+    EndpointContext,
+    FastAPIError,
+    RequestValidationError,
+    ResponseValidationError,
+    WebSocketRequestValidationError,
+)
+from fastapi.sse import (
+    _PING_INTERVAL,
+    KEEPALIVE_COMMENT,
+    EventSourceResponse,
+    ServerSentEvent,
+    format_sse_event,
+)
+from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx
+from fastapi.utils import (
+    create_model_field,
+    generate_unique_id,
+    get_value_or_default,
+    is_body_allowed_for_status_code,
+)
+from starlette import routing
+from starlette._exception_handler import wrap_app_handling_exceptions
+from starlette._utils import get_route_path, is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool, run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, FormData, URLPath
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import (
+    JSONResponse,
+    PlainTextResponse,
+    RedirectResponse,
+    Response,
+    StreamingResponse,
+)
+from starlette.routing import (
+    BaseRoute,
+    Match,
+    NoMatchFound,
+    compile_path,
+    get_name,
+)
+from starlette.routing import Mount as Mount  # noqa
+from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+from starlette.types import AppType, ASGIApp, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+
+# Copy of starlette.routing.request_response modified to include the
+# dependencies' AsyncExitStack
+def request_response(
+    func: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a function or coroutine `func(request) -> response`,
+    and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    f: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]] = (
+        func  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if is_async_callable(func)
+        else functools.partial(run_in_threadpool, func)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+    )  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        request = Request(scope, receive, send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            # Starts customization
+            response_awaited = False
+            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
+                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
+                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
+                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
+                    response = await f(request)
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+                # Continues customization
+                response_awaited = True
+            if not response_awaited:
+                raise FastAPIError(
+                    "Response not awaited. There's a high chance that the "
+                    "application code is raising an exception and a dependency with yield "
+                    "has a block with a bare except, or a block with except Exception, "
+                    "and is not raising the exception again. Read more about it in the "
+                    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#dependencies-with-yield-and-except"
+                )
+
+        # Same as in Starlette
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, request)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+# Copy of starlette.routing.websocket_session modified to include the
+# dependencies' AsyncExitStack
+def websocket_session(
+    func: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a coroutine `func(session)`, and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    # assert asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func), "WebSocket endpoints must be async"
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        session = WebSocket(scope, receive=receive, send=send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
+                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
+                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
+                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
+                    await func(session)
+
+        # Same as in Starlette
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, session)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+# Vendored from starlette.routing to avoid importing private symbols
+class _AsyncLiftContextManager(AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T]):
+    """
+    Wraps a synchronous context manager to make it async.
+
+    This is vendored from Starlette to avoid importing private symbols.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cm: AbstractContextManager[_T]) -> None:
+        self._cm = cm
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> _T:
+        return self._cm.__enter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+# Vendored from starlette.routing to avoid importing private symbols
+def _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(
+    lifespan_context: Callable[[Any], Generator[Any, Any, Any]],
+) -> Callable[[Any], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any]]:
+    """
+    Wrap a generator-based lifespan context into an async context manager.
+
+    This is vendored from Starlette to avoid importing private symbols.
+    """
+    cmgr = contextlib.contextmanager(lifespan_context)
+
+    @functools.wraps(cmgr)
+    def wrapper(app: Any) -> _AsyncLiftContextManager[Any]:
+        return _AsyncLiftContextManager(cmgr(app))
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def _merge_lifespan_context(
+    original_context: Lifespan[Any], nested_context: Lifespan[Any]
+) -> Lifespan[Any]:
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def merged_lifespan(
+        app: AppType,
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[Mapping[str, Any] | None]:
+        async with original_context(app) as maybe_original_state:
+            async with nested_context(app) as maybe_nested_state:
+                if maybe_nested_state is None and maybe_original_state is None:
+                    yield None  # old ASGI compatibility
+                else:
+                    yield {**(maybe_nested_state or {}), **(maybe_original_state or {})}
+
+    return merged_lifespan  # type: ignore[return-value]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+
+
+class _DefaultLifespan:
+    """
+    Default lifespan context manager that runs on_startup and on_shutdown handlers.
+
+    This is a copy of the Starlette _DefaultLifespan class that was removed
+    in Starlette. FastAPI keeps it to maintain backward compatibility with
+    on_startup and on_shutdown event handlers.
+
+    Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, router: "APIRouter") -> None:
+        self._router = router
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._router._startup()
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
+        await self._router._shutdown()
+
+    def __call__(self: _T, app: object) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+
+# Cache for endpoint context to avoid re-extracting on every request
+_endpoint_context_cache: dict[int, EndpointContext] = {}
+
+
+def _extract_endpoint_context(func: Any) -> EndpointContext:
+    """Extract endpoint context with caching to avoid repeated file I/O."""
+    func_id = id(func)
+
+    if func_id in _endpoint_context_cache:
+        return _endpoint_context_cache[func_id]
+
+    try:
+        ctx: EndpointContext = {}
+
+        if (source_file := inspect.getsourcefile(func)) is not None:
+            ctx["file"] = source_file
+        if (line_number := inspect.getsourcelines(func)[1]) is not None:
+            ctx["line"] = line_number
+        if (func_name := getattr(func, "__name__", None)) is not None:
+            ctx["function"] = func_name
+    except Exception:
+        ctx = EndpointContext()
+
+    _endpoint_context_cache[func_id] = ctx
+    return ctx
+
+
+async def serialize_response(
+    *,
+    field: ModelField | None = None,
+    response_content: Any,
+    include: IncEx | None = None,
+    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+    is_coroutine: bool = True,
+    endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    dump_json: bool = False,
+) -> Any:
+    if field:
+        if is_coroutine:
+            value, errors = field.validate(response_content, {}, loc=("response",))
+        else:
+            value, errors = await run_in_threadpool(
+                field.validate, response_content, {}, loc=("response",)
+            )
+        if errors:
+            ctx = endpoint_ctx or EndpointContext()
+            raise ResponseValidationError(
+                errors=errors,
+                body=response_content,
+                endpoint_ctx=ctx,
+            )
+        serializer = field.serialize_json if dump_json else field.serialize
+        return serializer(
+            value,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        return jsonable_encoder(response_content)
+
+
+async def run_endpoint_function(
+    *, dependant: Dependant, values: dict[str, Any], is_coroutine: bool
+) -> Any:
+    # Only called by get_request_handler. Has been split into its own function to
+    # facilitate profiling endpoints, since inner functions are harder to profile.
+    assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
+
+    if is_coroutine:
+        return await dependant.call(**values)
+    else:
+        return await run_in_threadpool(dependant.call, **values)
+
+
+def _build_response_args(
+    *, status_code: int | None, solved_result: Any
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    response_args: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "background": solved_result.background_tasks,
+    }
+    # If status_code was set, use it, otherwise use the default from the
+    # response class, in the case of redirect it's 307
+    current_status_code = (
+        status_code if status_code else solved_result.response.status_code
+    )
+    if current_status_code is not None:
+        response_args["status_code"] = current_status_code
+    if solved_result.response.status_code:
+        response_args["status_code"] = solved_result.response.status_code
+    return response_args
+
+
+def get_request_handler(
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    body_field: ModelField | None = None,
+    status_code: int | None = None,
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+    response_field: ModelField | None = None,
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    embed_body_fields: bool = False,
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None = None,
+    is_json_stream: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
+    assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
+    is_coroutine = dependant.is_coroutine_callable
+    is_body_form = body_field and isinstance(body_field.field_info, params.Form)
+    if isinstance(response_class, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        actual_response_class: type[Response] = response_class.value
+    else:
+        actual_response_class = response_class
+    is_sse_stream = lenient_issubclass(actual_response_class, EventSourceResponse)
+    if isinstance(strict_content_type, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        actual_strict_content_type: bool = strict_content_type.value
+    else:
+        actual_strict_content_type = strict_content_type
+
+    async def app(request: Request) -> Response:
+        response: Response | None = None
+        file_stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_middleware_astack")
+        assert isinstance(file_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
+            "fastapi_middleware_astack not found in request scope"
+        )
+
+        # Extract endpoint context for error messages
+        endpoint_ctx = (
+            _extract_endpoint_context(dependant.call)
+            if dependant.call
+            else EndpointContext()
+        )
+
+        if dependant.path:
+            # For mounted sub-apps, include the mount path prefix
+            mount_path = request.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+            endpoint_ctx["path"] = f"{request.method} {mount_path}{dependant.path}"
+
+        # Read body and auto-close files
+        try:
+            body: Any = None
+            if body_field:
+                if is_body_form:
+                    body = await request.form()
+                    file_stack.push_async_callback(body.close)
+                else:
+                    body_bytes = await request.body()
+                    if body_bytes:
+                        json_body: Any = Undefined
+                        content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type")
+                        if not content_type_value:
+                            if not actual_strict_content_type:
+                                json_body = await request.json()
+                        else:
+                            message = email.message.Message()
+                            message["content-type"] = content_type_value
+                            if message.get_content_maintype() == "application":
+                                subtype = message.get_content_subtype()
+                                if subtype == "json" or subtype.endswith("+json"):
+                                    json_body = await request.json()
+                        if json_body != Undefined:
+                            body = json_body
+                        else:
+                            body = body_bytes
+        except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+            validation_error = RequestValidationError(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "type": "json_invalid",
+                        "loc": ("body", e.pos),
+                        "msg": "JSON decode error",
+                        "input": {},
+                        "ctx": {"error": e.msg},
+                    }
+                ],
+                body=e.doc,
+                endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+            )
+            raise validation_error from e
+        except HTTPException:
+            # If a middleware raises an HTTPException, it should be raised again
+            raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            http_error = HTTPException(
+                status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body"
+            )
+            raise http_error from e
+
+        # Solve dependencies and run path operation function, auto-closing dependencies
+        errors: list[Any] = []
+        async_exit_stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
+        assert isinstance(async_exit_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
+            "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
+        )
+        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=request,
+            dependant=dependant,
+            body=cast(dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None, body),
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        errors = solved_result.errors
+        assert dependant.call  # For types
+        if not errors:
+            # Shared serializer for stream items (JSONL and SSE).
+            # Validates against stream_item_field when set, then
+            # serializes to JSON bytes.
+            def _serialize_data(data: Any) -> bytes:
+                if stream_item_field:
+                    value, errors_ = stream_item_field.validate(
+                        data, {}, loc=("response",)
+                    )
+                    if errors_:
+                        ctx = endpoint_ctx or EndpointContext()
+                        raise ResponseValidationError(
+                            errors=errors_,
+                            body=data,
+                            endpoint_ctx=ctx,
+                        )
+                    return stream_item_field.serialize_json(
+                        value,
+                        include=response_model_include,
+                        exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                        by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                        exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                        exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                        exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    data = jsonable_encoder(data)
+                    return json.dumps(data).encode("utf-8")
+
+            if is_sse_stream:
+                # Generator endpoint: stream as Server-Sent Events
+                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+
+                def _serialize_sse_item(item: Any) -> bytes:
+                    if isinstance(item, ServerSentEvent):
+                        # User controls the event structure.
+                        # Serialize the data payload if present.
+                        # For ServerSentEvent items we skip stream_item_field
+                        # validation (the user may mix types intentionally).
+                        if item.raw_data is not None:
+                            data_str: str | None = item.raw_data
+                        elif item.data is not None:
+                            if hasattr(item.data, "model_dump_json"):
+                                data_str = item.data.model_dump_json()
+                            else:
+                                data_str = json.dumps(jsonable_encoder(item.data))
+                        else:
+                            data_str = None
+                        return format_sse_event(
+                            data_str=data_str,
+                            event=item.event,
+                            id=item.id,
+                            retry=item.retry,
+                            comment=item.comment,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        # Plain object: validate + serialize via
+                        # stream_item_field (if set) and wrap in data field
+                        return format_sse_event(
+                            data_str=_serialize_data(item).decode("utf-8")
+                        )
+
+                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+                    sse_aiter: AsyncIterator[Any] = gen.__aiter__()
+                else:
+                    sse_aiter = iterate_in_threadpool(gen)
+
+                @asynccontextmanager
+                async def _sse_producer_cm() -> AsyncIterator[
+                    ObjectReceiveStream[bytes]
+                ]:
+                    # Use a memory stream to decouple generator iteration
+                    # from the keepalive timer. A producer task pulls items
+                    # from the generator independently, so
+                    # `anyio.fail_after` never wraps the generator's
+                    # `__anext__` directly - avoiding CancelledError that
+                    # would finalize the generator and also working for sync
+                    # generators running in a thread pool.
+                    #
+                    # This context manager is entered on the request-scoped
+                    # AsyncExitStack so its __aexit__ (which cancels the
+                    # task group) is called by the exit stack after the
+                    # streaming response completes — not by async generator
+                    # finalization via GeneratorExit.
+                    # Ref: https://peps.python.org/pep-0789/
+                    send_stream, receive_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
+                        bytes
+                    ](max_buffer_size=1)
+
+                    async def _producer() -> None:
+                        async with send_stream:
+                            async for raw_item in sse_aiter:
+                                await send_stream.send(_serialize_sse_item(raw_item))
+
+                    send_keepalive, receive_keepalive = (
+                        anyio.create_memory_object_stream[bytes](max_buffer_size=1)
+                    )
+
+                    async def _keepalive_inserter() -> None:
+                        """Read from the producer and forward to the output,
+                        inserting keepalive comments on timeout."""
+                        async with send_keepalive, receive_stream:
+                            try:
+                                while True:
+                                    try:
+                                        with anyio.fail_after(_PING_INTERVAL):
+                                            data = await receive_stream.receive()
+                                        await send_keepalive.send(data)
+                                    except TimeoutError:
+                                        await send_keepalive.send(KEEPALIVE_COMMENT)
+                            except anyio.EndOfStream:
+                                pass
+
+                    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+                        tg.start_soon(_producer)
+                        tg.start_soon(_keepalive_inserter)
+                        yield receive_keepalive
+                        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                # Enter the SSE context manager on the request-scoped
+                # exit stack. The stack outlives the streaming response,
+                # so __aexit__ runs via proper structured teardown, not
+                # via GeneratorExit thrown into an async generator.
+                sse_receive_stream = await async_exit_stack.enter_async_context(
+                    _sse_producer_cm()
+                )
+                # Ensure the receive stream is closed when the exit stack
+                # unwinds, preventing ResourceWarning from __del__.
+                async_exit_stack.push_async_callback(sse_receive_stream.aclose)
+
+                async def _sse_with_checkpoints(
+                    stream: ObjectReceiveStream[bytes],
+                ) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+                    async for data in stream:
+                        yield data
+                        # Guarantee a checkpoint so cancellation can be
+                        # delivered even when the producer is faster than
+                        # the consumer and receive() never suspends.
+                        await anyio.sleep(0)
+
+                sse_stream_content: AsyncIterator[bytes] | Iterator[bytes] = (
+                    _sse_with_checkpoints(sse_receive_stream)
+                )
+
+                response = StreamingResponse(
+                    sse_stream_content,
+                    media_type="text/event-stream",
+                    background=solved_result.background_tasks,
+                )
+                response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
+                # For Nginx proxies to not buffer server sent events
+                response.headers["X-Accel-Buffering"] = "no"
+                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+            elif is_json_stream:
+                # Generator endpoint: stream as JSONL
+                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+
+                def _serialize_item(item: Any) -> bytes:
+                    return _serialize_data(item) + b"\n"
+
+                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+
+                    async def _async_stream_jsonl() -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+                        async for item in gen:
+                            yield _serialize_item(item)
+                            # To allow for cancellation to trigger
+                            # Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14680
+                            await anyio.sleep(0)
+
+                    jsonl_stream_content: AsyncIterator[bytes] | Iterator[bytes] = (
+                        _async_stream_jsonl()
+                    )
+                else:
+
+                    def _sync_stream_jsonl() -> Iterator[bytes]:
+                        for item in gen:  # ty: ignore[not-iterable]
+                            yield _serialize_item(item)
+
+                    jsonl_stream_content = _sync_stream_jsonl()
+
+                response = StreamingResponse(
+                    jsonl_stream_content,
+                    media_type="application/jsonl",
+                    background=solved_result.background_tasks,
+                )
+                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+            elif dependant.is_async_gen_callable or dependant.is_gen_callable:
+                # Raw streaming with explicit response_class (e.g. StreamingResponse)
+                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+
+                    async def _async_stream_raw(
+                        async_gen: AsyncIterator[Any],
+                    ) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+                        async for chunk in async_gen:
+                            yield chunk
+                            # To allow for cancellation to trigger
+                            # Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14680
+                            await anyio.sleep(0)
+
+                    gen = _async_stream_raw(gen)
+                response_args = _build_response_args(
+                    status_code=status_code, solved_result=solved_result
+                )
+                response = actual_response_class(content=gen, **response_args)
+                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+            else:
+                raw_response = await run_endpoint_function(
+                    dependant=dependant,
+                    values=solved_result.values,
+                    is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
+                )
+                if isinstance(raw_response, Response):
+                    if raw_response.background is None:
+                        raw_response.background = solved_result.background_tasks
+                    response = raw_response
+                else:
+                    response_args = _build_response_args(
+                        status_code=status_code, solved_result=solved_result
+                    )
+                    # Use the fast path (dump_json) when no custom response
+                    # class was set and a response field with a TypeAdapter
+                    # exists. Serializes directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic's
+                    # Rust core, skipping the intermediate Python dict +
+                    # json.dumps() step.
+                    use_dump_json = response_field is not None and isinstance(
+                        response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
+                    )
+                    content = await serialize_response(
+                        field=response_field,
+                        response_content=raw_response,
+                        include=response_model_include,
+                        exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                        by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                        exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                        exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                        exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                        is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
+                        endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+                        dump_json=use_dump_json,
+                    )
+                    if use_dump_json:
+                        response = Response(
+                            content=content,
+                            media_type="application/json",
+                            **response_args,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
+                    if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code):
+                        response.body = b""
+                    response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+        if errors:
+            validation_error = RequestValidationError(
+                errors, body=body, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx
+            )
+            raise validation_error
+
+        # Return response
+        assert response
+        return response
+
+    return app
+
+
+def get_websocket_app(
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    embed_body_fields: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[WebSocket], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]:
+    async def app(websocket: WebSocket) -> None:
+        endpoint_ctx = (
+            _extract_endpoint_context(dependant.call)
+            if dependant.call
+            else EndpointContext()
+        )
+        if dependant.path:
+            # For mounted sub-apps, include the mount path prefix
+            mount_path = websocket.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+            endpoint_ctx["path"] = f"WS {mount_path}{dependant.path}"
+        async_exit_stack = websocket.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
+        assert isinstance(async_exit_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
+            "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
+        )
+        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=websocket,
+            dependant=dependant,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        if solved_result.errors:
+            raise WebSocketRequestValidationError(
+                solved_result.errors,
+                endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+            )
+        assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
+        await dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+
+    return app
+
+
+class APIWebSocketRoute(routing.WebSocketRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+        self.dependant = get_dependant(
+            path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint, scope="function"
+        )
+        for depends in self.dependencies[::-1]:
+            self.dependant.dependencies.insert(
+                0,
+                get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=self.path_format),
+            )
+        self._flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(self.dependant)
+        self._embed_body_fields = _should_embed_body_fields(
+            self._flat_dependant.body_params
+        )
+        self.app = websocket_session(
+            get_websocket_app(
+                dependant=self.dependant,
+                dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+                embed_body_fields=self._embed_body_fields,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
+        if match != Match.NONE:
+            child_scope["route"] = self
+        return match, child_scope
+
+
+_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY = "fastapi"
+_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY = "effective_route_context"
+_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY = "frontend_path"
+_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY = "included_router"
+_effective_route_context_var: ContextVar[Any | None] = ContextVar(
+    "fastapi_effective_route_context", default=None
+)
+_SCOPE_MISSING = object()
+
+
+class _RouteWithPath(Protocol):
+    path: str
+
+
+def _get_fastapi_scope(scope: Scope) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    fastapi_scope = scope.setdefault(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {})
+    assert isinstance(fastapi_scope, dict)
+    return fastapi_scope
+
+
+def _update_scope(scope: Scope, child_scope: Scope) -> None:
+    fastapi_child_scope = child_scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY)
+    for key, value in child_scope.items():
+        if key != _FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY:
+            scope[key] = value
+    if isinstance(fastapi_child_scope, dict):
+        _get_fastapi_scope(scope).update(fastapi_child_scope)
+
+
+def _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope: Scope) -> Any | None:
+    return scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY)
+
+
+def _get_scope_included_router(scope: Scope) -> Any | None:
+    return scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY)
+
+
+def _restore_fastapi_scope_key(scope: Scope, key: str, previous: Any) -> None:
+    fastapi_scope = scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY)
+    if not isinstance(fastapi_scope, dict):
+        return
+    if previous is _SCOPE_MISSING:
+        fastapi_scope.pop(key, None)
+    else:
+        fastapi_scope[key] = previous
+
+
+class _APIRouteLike(Protocol):
+    path: str
+    endpoint: Callable[..., Any]
+    stream_item_type: Any | None
+    response_model: Any
+    summary: str | None
+    response_description: str
+    deprecated: bool | None
+    operation_id: str | None
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None
+    response_model_by_alias: bool
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool
+    include_in_schema: bool
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder
+    tags: list[str | Enum]
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
+    name: str
+    path_regex: Any
+    path_format: str
+    param_convertors: dict[str, Any]
+    methods: set[str]
+    unique_id: str
+    status_code: int | None
+    response_field: ModelField | None
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends]
+    description: str
+    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField]
+    dependant: Dependant
+    _flat_dependant: Dependant
+    _embed_body_fields: bool
+    body_field: ModelField | None
+    is_sse_stream: bool
+    is_json_stream: bool
+
+
+def _populate_api_route_state(
+    route: _APIRouteLike,
+    path: str,
+    endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    response_model: Any = Default(None),
+    status_code: int | None = None,
+    tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+    dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+    summary: str | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+    deprecated: bool | None = None,
+    name: str | None = None,
+    methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+    operation_id: str | None = None,
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(
+        generate_unique_id
+    ),
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+) -> None:
+    route.path = path
+    route.endpoint = endpoint
+    route.stream_item_type = None
+    if isinstance(response_model, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        return_annotation = get_typed_return_annotation(endpoint)
+        if lenient_issubclass(return_annotation, Response):
+            response_model = None
+        else:
+            stream_item = get_stream_item_type(return_annotation)
+            if stream_item is not None:
+                # Extract item type for JSONL or SSE streaming when
+                # response_class is DefaultPlaceholder (JSONL) or
+                # EventSourceResponse (SSE).
+                # ServerSentEvent is excluded: it's a transport
+                # wrapper, not a data model, so it shouldn't feed
+                # into validation or OpenAPI schema generation.
+                if (
+                    isinstance(response_class, DefaultPlaceholder)
+                    or lenient_issubclass(response_class, EventSourceResponse)
+                ) and not lenient_issubclass(stream_item, ServerSentEvent):
+                    route.stream_item_type = stream_item
+                response_model = None
+            else:
+                response_model = return_annotation
+    route.response_model = response_model
+    route.summary = summary
+    route.response_description = response_description
+    route.deprecated = deprecated
+    route.operation_id = operation_id
+    route.response_model_include = response_model_include
+    route.response_model_exclude = response_model_exclude
+    route.response_model_by_alias = response_model_by_alias
+    route.response_model_exclude_unset = response_model_exclude_unset
+    route.response_model_exclude_defaults = response_model_exclude_defaults
+    route.response_model_exclude_none = response_model_exclude_none
+    route.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+    route.response_class = response_class
+    route.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
+    route.callbacks = callbacks
+    route.openapi_extra = openapi_extra
+    route.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+    route.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
+    route.tags = tags or []
+    route.responses = responses or {}
+    route.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+    route.path_regex, route.path_format, route.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+    if methods is None:
+        methods = ["GET"]
+    route.methods = {method.upper() for method in methods}
+    if isinstance(generate_unique_id_function, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        current_generate_unique_id: Callable[[Any], str] = (
+            generate_unique_id_function.value
+        )
+    else:
+        current_generate_unique_id = generate_unique_id_function
+    route.unique_id = route.operation_id or current_generate_unique_id(route)
+    # normalize enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus
+    if isinstance(status_code, IntEnum):
+        status_code = int(status_code)
+    route.status_code = status_code
+    if route.response_model:
+        assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code), (
+            f"Status code {status_code} must not have a response body"
+        )
+        response_name = "Response_" + route.unique_id
+        route.response_field = create_model_field(
+            name=response_name,
+            type_=route.response_model,
+            mode="serialization",
+        )
+    else:
+        route.response_field = None
+    if route.stream_item_type:
+        stream_item_name = "StreamItem_" + route.unique_id
+        route.stream_item_field = create_model_field(
+            name=stream_item_name,
+            type_=route.stream_item_type,
+            mode="serialization",
+        )
+    else:
+        route.stream_item_field = None
+    route.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
+    route.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(route.endpoint.__doc__ or "")
+    # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text,
+    # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed"
+    route.description = route.description.split("\f")[0].strip()
+    response_fields = {}
+    for additional_status_code, response in route.responses.items():
+        assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict"
+        model = response.get("model")
+        if model:
+            assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code(additional_status_code), (
+                f"Status code {additional_status_code} must not have a response body"
+            )
+            response_name = f"Response_{additional_status_code}_{route.unique_id}"
+            response_field = create_model_field(
+                name=response_name, type_=model, mode="serialization"
+            )
+            response_fields[additional_status_code] = response_field
+    if response_fields:
+        route.response_fields = response_fields
+    else:
+        route.response_fields = {}
+
+    assert callable(endpoint), "An endpoint must be a callable"
+    route.dependant = get_dependant(
+        path=route.path_format, call=route.endpoint, scope="function"
+    )
+    for depends in route.dependencies[::-1]:
+        route.dependant.dependencies.insert(
+            0,
+            get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=route.path_format),
+        )
+    route._flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(route.dependant)
+    route._embed_body_fields = _should_embed_body_fields(
+        route._flat_dependant.body_params
+    )
+    route.body_field = get_body_field(
+        flat_dependant=route._flat_dependant,
+        name=route.unique_id,
+        embed_body_fields=route._embed_body_fields,
+    )
+    # Detect generator endpoints that should stream as JSONL or SSE
+    is_generator = (
+        route.dependant.is_async_gen_callable or route.dependant.is_gen_callable
+    )
+    route.is_sse_stream = is_generator and lenient_issubclass(
+        response_class, EventSourceResponse
+    )
+    route.is_json_stream = is_generator and isinstance(
+        response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
+    )
+
+
+class APIRoute(routing.Route):
+    stream_item_type: Any | None
+    response_model: Any
+    summary: str | None
+    response_description: str
+    deprecated: bool | None
+    operation_id: str | None
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None
+    response_model_by_alias: bool
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool
+    include_in_schema: bool
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder
+    tags: list[str | Enum]
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
+    unique_id: str
+    status_code: int | None
+    response_field: ModelField | None
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends]
+    description: str
+    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField]
+    dependant: Dependant
+    _flat_dependant: Dependant
+    _embed_body_fields: bool
+    body_field: ModelField | None
+    is_sse_stream: bool
+    is_json_stream: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[["APIRoute"], str]
+        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+    ) -> None:
+        _populate_api_route_state(
+            cast(_APIRouteLike, self),
+            path,
+            endpoint,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            name=name,
+            methods=methods,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
+        )
+        self.app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())
+
+    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
+        route = cast(_APIRouteLike, self)
+        # TODO: Replace or deprecate this no-scope hook so included-route
+        # effective context can be passed explicitly instead of via ContextVar.
+        effective_context = _effective_route_context_var.get()
+        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
+            route = cast(_APIRouteLike, effective_context)
+        return get_request_handler(
+            dependant=route.dependant,
+            body_field=route.body_field,
+            status_code=route.status_code,
+            response_class=route.response_class,
+            response_field=route.response_field,
+            response_model_include=route.response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=route.response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=route.response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=route.response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=route.response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=route.response_model_exclude_none,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=route.dependency_overrides_provider,
+            embed_body_fields=route._embed_body_fields,
+            strict_content_type=route.strict_content_type,
+            stream_item_field=route.stream_item_field,
+            is_json_stream=route.is_json_stream,
+        )
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
+        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
+            match, child_scope = effective_context.matches(scope)
+        else:
+            match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
+        if match != Match.NONE:
+            child_scope["route"] = self
+        return match, child_scope
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
+        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
+            methods = effective_context.methods
+            if methods and scope["method"] not in methods:
+                headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(methods)}
+                if "app" in scope:
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
+                response = PlainTextResponse(
+                    "Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers
+                )
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+            token = _effective_route_context_var.set(effective_context)
+            try:
+                app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())
+            finally:
+                _effective_route_context_var.reset(token)
+            await app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        await super().handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _RouterIncludeContext:
+    included_router: "APIRouter"
+    prefix: str = ""
+    tags: list[str | Enum] = field(default_factory=list)
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends] = field(default_factory=list)
+    default_response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(JSONResponse)
+    )
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] = field(default_factory=list)
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    include_in_schema: bool = True
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(generate_unique_id)
+    )
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(True)
+    )
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_include(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        parent_router: "APIRouter",
+        included_router: "APIRouter",
+        prefix: str = "",
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        default_response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(
+            JSONResponse
+        ),
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
+        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> "_RouterIncludeContext":
+        return cls(
+            included_router=included_router,
+            prefix=parent_router.prefix + prefix,
+            tags=[*parent_router.tags, *(tags or [])],
+            dependencies=[*parent_router.dependencies, *(dependencies or [])],
+            default_response_class=get_value_or_default(
+                default_response_class, parent_router.default_response_class
+            ),
+            responses={**parent_router.responses, **(responses or {})},
+            callbacks=[*parent_router.callbacks, *(callbacks or [])],
+            deprecated=deprecated or parent_router.deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=parent_router.include_in_schema and include_in_schema,
+            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
+                generate_unique_id_function, parent_router.generate_unique_id_function
+            ),
+            strict_content_type=parent_router.strict_content_type,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=parent_router.dependency_overrides_provider,
+        )
+
+    def combine(
+        self, child_context: "_RouterIncludeContext"
+    ) -> "_RouterIncludeContext":
+        return _RouterIncludeContext(
+            included_router=child_context.included_router,
+            prefix=self.prefix + child_context.prefix,
+            tags=[*self.tags, *child_context.tags],
+            dependencies=[*self.dependencies, *child_context.dependencies],
+            default_response_class=get_value_or_default(
+                child_context.default_response_class, self.default_response_class
+            ),
+            responses={**self.responses, **child_context.responses},
+            callbacks=[*self.callbacks, *child_context.callbacks],
+            deprecated=self.deprecated or child_context.deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=self.include_in_schema
+            and child_context.include_in_schema,
+            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
+                child_context.generate_unique_id_function,
+                self.generate_unique_id_function,
+            ),
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                child_context.strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
+            ),
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
+        )
+
+    def path_for(self, route: _RouteWithPath) -> str:
+        return self.prefix + route.path
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _EffectiveRouteContext:
+    original_route: BaseRoute
+    starlette_route: BaseRoute | None = None
+    path: str = ""
+    endpoint: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
+    stream_item_type: Any | None = None
+    response_model: Any = None
+    summary: str | None = None
+    response_description: str = "Successful Response"
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    operation_id: str | None = None
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None
+    response_model_by_alias: bool = True
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False
+    include_in_schema: bool = True
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(JSONResponse)
+    )
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(generate_unique_id)
+    )
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(True)
+    )
+    tags: list[str | Enum] = field(default_factory=list)
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    name: str = ""
+    path_regex: Any = None
+    path_format: str = ""
+    param_convertors: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    methods: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+    unique_id: str = ""
+    status_code: int | None = None
+    response_field: ModelField | None = None
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None = None
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends] = field(default_factory=list)
+    description: str = ""
+    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    dependant: Dependant | None = None
+    _flat_dependant: Dependant | None = None
+    _embed_body_fields: bool = False
+    body_field: ModelField | None = None
+    is_sse_stream: bool = False
+    is_json_stream: bool = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_api_route(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        original_route: APIRoute,
+        include_context: _RouterIncludeContext,
+    ) -> "_EffectiveRouteContext":
+        route = cast(_APIRouteLike, original_route)
+        context = cls(original_route=original_route)
+        _populate_api_route_state(
+            cast(_APIRouteLike, context),
+            include_context.path_for(original_route),
+            route.endpoint,
+            response_model=route.response_model,
+            status_code=route.status_code,
+            tags=[*include_context.tags, *route.tags],
+            dependencies=[*include_context.dependencies, *route.dependencies],
+            summary=route.summary,
+            description=route.description,
+            response_description=route.response_description,
+            responses={**include_context.responses, **route.responses},
+            deprecated=route.deprecated or include_context.deprecated,
+            methods=route.methods,
+            operation_id=route.operation_id,
+            response_model_include=route.response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=route.response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=route.response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=route.response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=route.response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=route.response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema
+            and include_context.include_in_schema,
+            response_class=get_value_or_default(
+                route.response_class,
+                include_context.included_router.default_response_class,
+                include_context.default_response_class,
+            ),
+            name=route.name,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=include_context.dependency_overrides_provider,
+            callbacks=[*include_context.callbacks, *(route.callbacks or [])],
+            openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
+                route.generate_unique_id_function,
+                include_context.included_router.generate_unique_id_function,
+                include_context.generate_unique_id_function,
+            ),
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                route.strict_content_type,
+                include_context.included_router.strict_content_type,
+                include_context.strict_content_type,
+            ),
+        )
+        return context
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        if not isinstance(self.original_route, APIRoute):
+            assert self.starlette_route is not None
+            return self.starlette_route.matches(scope)
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+        if not match:
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        matched_params = match.groupdict()
+        for key, value in matched_params.items():
+            matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+        path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+        path_params.update(matched_params)
+        child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
+        methods = self.methods
+        if methods and scope["method"] not in methods:
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
+        return Match.FULL, child_scope
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> Any:
+        if not isinstance(self.original_route, APIRoute):
+            assert self.starlette_route is not None
+            return self.starlette_route.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
+        param_convertors = self.param_convertors
+        expected_params = set(param_convertors.keys())
+        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
+            raise routing.NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+        path, remaining_params = routing.replace_params(
+            self.path_format, param_convertors, path_params
+        )
+        assert not remaining_params
+        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="http")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RouteContext:
+    route: BaseRoute
+    _route_context: _EffectiveRouteContext | None = field(default=None, repr=False)
+
+    @property
+    def original_route(self) -> BaseRoute:
+        if self._route_context is not None:
+            return self._route_context.original_route
+        return self.route
+
+    @property
+    def _effective_route(self) -> BaseRoute | _EffectiveRouteContext:
+        if self._route_context is not None:
+            return self._route_context
+        return self.route
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "path", None)
+
+    @property
+    def path_format(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "path_format", None)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "name", None)
+
+    @property
+    def methods(self) -> set[str] | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "methods", None)
+
+    @property
+    def endpoint(self) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "endpoint", None)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, name)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _IncludedRouter(BaseRoute):
+    original_router: "APIRouter"
+    include_context: _RouterIncludeContext
+    _effective_candidates: list["_EffectiveRouteContext | _IncludedRouter"] = field(
+        default_factory=list
+    )
+    _effective_candidates_version: int | None = None
+    _effective_low_priority_routes: list["_EffectiveRouteContext"] = field(
+        default_factory=list
+    )
+    _effective_low_priority_routes_version: int | None = None
+
+    def effective_candidates(self) -> list["_EffectiveRouteContext | _IncludedRouter"]:
+        routes_version = self.original_router._get_routes_version()
+        if routes_version == self._effective_candidates_version:
+            return self._effective_candidates
+        self._effective_candidates = []
+        candidates = self.original_router.routes
+        for route in candidates:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                child_context = self.include_context.combine(route.include_context)
+                child_branch = _IncludedRouter(
+                    original_router=route.original_router,
+                    include_context=child_context,
+                )
+                self._effective_candidates.append(child_branch)
+                continue
+            route_context = self._build_effective_context(route)
+            if route_context is not None:
+                self._effective_candidates.append(route_context)
+        self._effective_candidates_version = routes_version
+        return self._effective_candidates
+
+    def effective_low_priority_routes(self) -> list["_EffectiveRouteContext"]:
+        routes_version = self.original_router._get_routes_version()
+        if routes_version == self._effective_low_priority_routes_version:
+            return self._effective_low_priority_routes
+        self._effective_low_priority_routes = []
+        for route in self.original_router._low_priority_routes:
+            route_context = self._build_effective_context(route)
+            if route_context is not None:
+                self._effective_low_priority_routes.append(route_context)
+        for route in self.original_router.routes:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                child_context = self.include_context.combine(route.include_context)
+                child_branch = _IncludedRouter(
+                    original_router=route.original_router,
+                    include_context=child_context,
+                )
+                self._effective_low_priority_routes.extend(
+                    child_branch.effective_low_priority_routes()
+                )
+        self._effective_low_priority_routes_version = routes_version
+        return self._effective_low_priority_routes
+
+    def _build_effective_context(
+        self, route: BaseRoute
+    ) -> _EffectiveRouteContext | None:
+        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext.from_api_route(
+                original_route=route,
+                include_context=self.include_context,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, _FrontendRouteGroup):
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=route.with_prefix(self.include_context.prefix),
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.Route):
+            starlette_route: BaseRoute = routing.Route(
+                self.include_context.path_for(route),
+                endpoint=route.endpoint,
+                methods=list(route.methods or []),
+                name=route.name,
+                include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema,
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, APIWebSocketRoute):
+            starlette_route = APIWebSocketRoute(
+                self.include_context.path_for(route),
+                endpoint=route.endpoint,
+                name=route.name,
+                dependencies=[*self.include_context.dependencies, *route.dependencies],
+                dependency_overrides_provider=(
+                    self.include_context.dependency_overrides_provider
+                ),
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.WebSocketRoute):
+            starlette_route = routing.WebSocketRoute(
+                self.include_context.path_for(route), route.endpoint, name=route.name
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.Mount):
+            starlette_route = copy.copy(route)
+            starlette_route.path = self.include_context.path_for(route).rstrip("/")
+            (
+                starlette_route.path_regex,
+                starlette_route.path_format,
+                starlette_route.param_convertors,
+            ) = compile_path(starlette_route.path + "/{path:path}")
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.Host):
+            if self.include_context.prefix:
+                prefixed_app: ASGIApp = routing.Router(
+                    routes=[routing.Mount(self.include_context.prefix, app=route.app)]
+                )
+            else:
+                prefixed_app = route.app
+            starlette_route = routing.Host(
+                route.host, app=prefixed_app, name=route.name
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        return None
+
+    def _match(
+        self, scope: Scope
+    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, BaseRoute | None, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]:
+        partial: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
+        for candidate in self.effective_candidates():
+            if isinstance(candidate, _IncludedRouter):
+                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                route: BaseRoute = candidate
+                route_context = None
+            elif isinstance(candidate.original_route, APIRoute):
+                route_context = candidate
+                fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
+                previous_context = fastapi_scope.get(
+                    _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
+                )
+                fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = route_context
+                try:
+                    match, child_scope = candidate.original_route.matches(scope)
+                finally:
+                    _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
+                        scope, _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, previous_context
+                    )
+                route = candidate.original_route
+            else:
+                route_context = candidate
+                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                route = candidate.starlette_route or candidate.original_route
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                return match, child_scope, route, route_context
+            if match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
+                partial = (child_scope, route, route_context)
+        if partial is not None:
+            child_scope, route, route_context = partial
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route, route_context
+        return Match.NONE, {}, None, None
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
+        previous_router = fastapi_scope.get(
+            _FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
+        )
+        fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY] = self
+        try:
+            match, _ = self.original_router.matches(scope)
+            return match, {}
+        finally:
+            _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
+                scope, _FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY, previous_router
+            )
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY] = self
+        await self.original_router.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def _handle_selected(
+        self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send
+    ) -> None:
+        match, child_scope, route, effective_context = self._match(scope)
+        if match == Match.NONE or route is None:
+            await self.original_router.default(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        scope.update(child_scope)
+        if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+            await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        if effective_context is not None:
+            _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = (
+                effective_context
+            )
+            original_route = effective_context.original_route
+            if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
+                scope["route"] = original_route
+                await original_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+        await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def effective_route_contexts(self) -> Iterator[_EffectiveRouteContext]:
+        for candidate in self.effective_candidates():
+            if isinstance(candidate, _IncludedRouter):
+                yield from candidate.effective_route_contexts()
+            else:
+                yield candidate
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> Any:
+        for route_context in self.effective_route_contexts():
+            try:
+                return route_context.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+            except routing.NoMatchFound:
+                pass
+        raise routing.NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+
+def _iter_included_route_candidates(routes: Sequence[BaseRoute]) -> Iterator[BaseRoute]:
+    for route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context(routes):
+        if route_context is not None and route_context.starlette_route is not None:
+            yield route_context.starlette_route
+        else:
+            yield route
+
+
+def iter_route_contexts(
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | RouteContext],
+) -> Iterator[RouteContext]:
+    for route in routes:
+        if isinstance(route, RouteContext):
+            yield route
+            continue
+        for original_route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context([route]):
+            if route_context is None:
+                yield RouteContext(original_route)
+            else:
+                yield RouteContext(original_route, route_context)
+
+
+def _iter_routes_with_context(
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute],
+) -> Iterator[tuple[BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]]:
+    for route in routes:
+        if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+            for route_context in route.effective_route_contexts():
+                yield route_context.original_route, route_context
+        else:
+            yield route, None
+
+
+def _normalize_frontend_path(path: str) -> str:
+    if not path:
+        raise AssertionError("A frontend path cannot be empty")
+    if not path.startswith("/"):
+        raise AssertionError("A frontend path must start with '/'")
+    if path != "/":
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+    return path
+
+
+def _join_frontend_paths(prefix: str, path: str) -> str:
+    if not prefix:
+        return path
+    if path == "/":
+        return prefix
+    return prefix + path
+
+
+def _frontend_path_specificity(path: str) -> int:
+    if path == "/":
+        return 0
+    return len(path)
+
+
+def _get_resolved_absolute_path(path: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
+    return os.path.realpath(os.fspath(path))
+
+
+class _FrontendStaticFiles(StaticFiles):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.fallback = fallback
+        if check_dir and not os.path.isdir(directory):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Frontend directory '{directory}' does not exist. "
+                f"Resolved absolute path: '{_get_resolved_absolute_path(directory)}'"
+            )
+        super().__init__(
+            directory=directory,
+            html=True,
+            check_dir=check_dir,
+            follow_symlink=False,
+        )
+        if check_dir and fallback in {"index.html", "404.html"}:
+            self._check_fallback_file(fallback)
+
+    def _check_fallback_file(self, fallback: str) -> None:
+        _, stat_result = self.lookup_path(fallback)
+        if stat_result is None or not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Frontend fallback file '{fallback}' does not exist in "
+                f"directory '{self.directory}'. Resolved absolute directory: "
+                f"'{self._get_resolved_directory()}'"
+            )
+
+    def _get_resolved_directory(self) -> str:
+        assert self.directory is not None
+        return _get_resolved_absolute_path(self.directory)
+
+    def get_path(self, scope: Scope) -> str:
+        path = _get_fastapi_scope(scope).get(_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY, "")
+        assert isinstance(path, str)
+        return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*path.split("/")))
+
+    async def get_response(self, path: str, scope: Scope) -> Response:
+        if scope["method"] not in ("GET", "HEAD"):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=405)
+
+        try:
+            full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(self.lookup_path, path)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=401) from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=404) from None
+            raise exc
+        except ValueError:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404) from None
+
+        if stat_result and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        if stat_result and stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode):
+            index_path = os.path.join(path, "index.html")
+            full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(
+                self.lookup_path, index_path
+            )
+            if stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+                if not scope["path"].endswith("/"):
+                    url = URL(scope=scope)
+                    url = url.replace(path=url.path + "/")
+                    return RedirectResponse(url=url)
+                return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        if self.fallback == "404.html" or (
+            self.fallback == "auto" and self._fallback_file_exists("404.html")
+        ):
+            return await self._fallback_response("404.html", scope, status_code=404)
+
+        if (
+            self.fallback == "index.html"
+            or (self.fallback == "auto" and self._fallback_file_exists("index.html"))
+        ) and _is_frontend_navigation_request(scope):
+            return await self._fallback_response("index.html", scope, status_code=200)
+
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+    def _fallback_file_exists(self, fallback: str) -> bool:
+        _, stat_result = self.lookup_path(fallback)
+        return stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode)
+
+    async def _fallback_response(
+        self, fallback: str, scope: Scope, *, status_code: int
+    ) -> Response:
+        full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(self.lookup_path, fallback)
+        if stat_result is None or not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Frontend fallback file '{fallback}' does not exist in "
+                f"directory '{self.directory}'. Resolved absolute directory: "
+                f"'{self._get_resolved_directory()}'"
+            )
+        return self.file_response(
+            full_path, stat_result, scope, status_code=status_code
+        )
+
+
+def _iter_accept_media_types(accept: str) -> Iterator[tuple[str, float]]:
+    for raw_value in accept.split(","):
+        message = email.message.Message()
+        message["content-type"] = raw_value.strip()
+        q = message.get_param("q")
+        quality = 1.0
+        if isinstance(q, str):
+            try:
+                quality = float(q)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        yield (
+            f"{message.get_content_maintype()}/{message.get_content_subtype()}",
+            quality,
+        )
+
+
+def _is_frontend_navigation_request(scope: Scope) -> bool:
+    route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+    final_segment = route_path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    if os.path.splitext(final_segment)[1]:
+        return False
+    request = Request(scope)
+    wildcard_accepted = False
+    html_rejected = False
+    for media_type, quality in _iter_accept_media_types(
+        request.headers.get("accept", "")
+    ):
+        if media_type in {"text/html", "application/xhtml+xml"}:
+            if quality == 0:
+                html_rejected = True
+            else:
+                return True
+        elif media_type == "*/*" and quality != 0:
+            wildcard_accepted = True
+    return wildcard_accepted and not html_rejected
+
+
+class _FrontendRoute(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None = "auto",
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if fallback not in {"auto", "index.html", "404.html", None}:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                "fallback must be 'auto', 'index.html', '404.html', or None"
+            )
+        self.path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
+        self.methods = {"GET", "HEAD"}
+        self.app = _FrontendStaticFiles(
+            directory=directory, fallback=fallback, check_dir=check_dir
+        )
+
+    def with_path(self, path: str) -> "_FrontendRoute":
+        route = copy.copy(self)
+        route.path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
+        return route
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        frontend_path = self._get_frontend_path(get_route_path(scope))
+        if frontend_path is None:
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        child_scope = {_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY: {_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY: frontend_path}}
+        if scope["method"] not in self.methods:
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
+        return Match.FULL, child_scope
+
+    def _get_frontend_path(self, route_path: str) -> str | None:
+        if self.path == "/":
+            return route_path.lstrip("/")
+        if route_path == self.path:
+            return ""
+        prefix = self.path + "/"
+        if route_path.startswith(prefix):
+            return route_path[len(prefix) :]
+        return None
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+
+class _FrontendRouteGroup(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.routes: list[_FrontendRoute] = []
+
+    def add_frontend_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None = "auto",
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.routes.append(
+            _FrontendRoute(
+                path,
+                directory=directory,
+                fallback=fallback,
+                check_dir=check_dir,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def with_prefix(self, prefix: str) -> "_FrontendRouteGroup":
+        route_group = copy.copy(self)
+        route_group.routes = [
+            route.with_path(_join_frontend_paths(prefix, route.path))
+            for route in self.routes
+        ]
+        return route_group
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        match, child_scope, _ = self._match(scope)
+        return match, child_scope
+
+    def _match(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope, _FrontendRoute | None]:
+        full: tuple[Scope, _FrontendRoute] | None = None
+        partial: tuple[Scope, _FrontendRoute] | None = None
+        for route in self.routes:
+            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                if full is None or _frontend_path_specificity(
+                    route.path
+                ) > _frontend_path_specificity(full[1].path):
+                    full = (child_scope, route)
+            elif match == Match.PARTIAL:
+                if partial is None or _frontend_path_specificity(
+                    route.path
+                ) > _frontend_path_specificity(partial[1].path):
+                    partial = (child_scope, route)
+        if full is not None:
+            child_scope, route = full
+            return Match.FULL, child_scope, route
+        if partial is not None:
+            child_scope, route = partial
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route
+        return Match.NONE, {}, None
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        match, child_scope, route = self._match(scope)
+        if match == Match.NONE or route is None:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+        _update_scope(scope, child_scope)
+        await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+
+class APIRouter(routing.Router):
+    """
+    `APIRouter` class, used to group *path operations*, for example to structure
+    an app in multiple files. It would then be included in the `FastAPI` app, or
+    in another `APIRouter` (ultimately included in the app).
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    router = APIRouter()
+
+
+    @router.get("/users/", tags=["users"])
+    async def read_users():
+        return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}]
+
+
+    app.include_router(router)
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
+                *path operations* in this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default response class to be used.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        routes: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                ---
+
+                A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
+                """
+            ),
+            deprecated(
+                """
+                You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*,
+                like `router.get()`, `router.post()`, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        redirect_slashes: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't
+                use the same format.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        default: Annotated[
+            ASGIApp | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Default function handler for this router. Used to handle
+                404 Not Found errors.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependency_overrides_provider: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Only used internally by FastAPI to handle dependency overrides.
+
+                You shouldn't need to use it. It normally points to the `FastAPI` app
+                object.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        route_class: Annotated[
+            type[APIRoute],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom route (*path operation*) class to be used by this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Request and APIRoute class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-request-and-route/#custom-apiroute-class-in-a-router).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = APIRoute,
+        on_startup: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of startup event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        on_shutdown: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of shutdown event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        # the generic to Lifespan[AppType] is the type of the top level application
+        # which the router cannot know statically, so we use typing.Any
+        lifespan: Annotated[
+            Lifespan[Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and
+                `shutdown` functions with a single context manager.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                To include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
+                generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
+
+                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
+                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
+
+                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
+                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
+                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
+                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
+
+                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
+                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
+                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(True),
+    ) -> None:
+        # Determine the lifespan context to use
+        if lifespan is None:
+            # Use the default lifespan that runs on_startup/on_shutdown handlers
+            lifespan_context: Lifespan[Any] = _DefaultLifespan(self)
+        elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(lifespan):
+            lifespan_context = asynccontextmanager(lifespan)
+        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(lifespan):
+            lifespan_context = _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(lifespan)
+        else:
+            lifespan_context = lifespan
+        self.lifespan_context = lifespan_context
+
+        super().__init__(
+            routes=routes,
+            redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
+            default=default,
+            lifespan=lifespan_context,
+        )
+        if prefix:
+            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
+            assert not prefix.endswith("/"), (
+                "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
+            )
+
+        # Handle on_startup/on_shutdown locally since Starlette removed support
+        # Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        # TODO: deprecate this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+        self.on_startup: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
+            [] if on_startup is None else list(on_startup)
+        )
+        self.on_shutdown: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
+            [] if on_shutdown is None else list(on_shutdown)
+        )
+
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.tags: list[str | Enum] = tags or []
+        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.responses = responses or {}
+        self.callbacks = callbacks or []
+        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
+        self.route_class = route_class
+        self.default_response_class = default_response_class
+        self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+        self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
+        self._routes_version = 0
+        self._low_priority_routes: list[BaseRoute] = []
+        self._frontend_routes: _FrontendRouteGroup | None = None
+
+    def _mark_routes_changed(self) -> None:
+        self._routes_version += 1
+
+    def _get_routes_version(self, seen: set[int] | None = None) -> int:
+        if seen is None:
+            seen = set()
+        router_id = id(self)
+        if router_id in seen:
+            return self._routes_version
+        seen.add(router_id)
+        version = self._routes_version
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                version += route.original_router._get_routes_version(seen)
+        return version
+
+    def _contains_router(
+        self, router: "APIRouter", seen: set[int] | None = None
+    ) -> bool:
+        if seen is None:
+            seen = set()
+        router_id = id(self)
+        if router_id in seen:
+            return False
+        seen.add(router_id)
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if not isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                continue
+            if route.original_router is router:
+                return True
+            if route.original_router._contains_router(router, seen):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().add_route(
+            path,
+            endpoint,
+            methods=methods,
+            name=name,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        )
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def add_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+        name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().add_websocket_route(path, endpoint, name=name)
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def frontend(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path prefix where the frontend build should be served.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        directory: Annotated[
+            str | os.PathLike[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The directory containing the static frontend build output.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        fallback: Annotated[
+            Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The fallback file behavior for missing frontend paths.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "auto",
+        check_dir: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Check that the frontend directory exists when the app is created.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Serve a static frontend build as low-priority routes.
+
+        Use this for frontend tools that build static files into a directory,
+        such as `dist`. **FastAPI** path operations are checked first, and
+        the frontend files are checked only if no normal route matched.
+
+        A typical project could look like this:
+
+        ```text
+        .
+        ├── pyproject.toml
+        ├── app
+        │   ├── __init__.py
+        │   └── main.py
+        └── dist
+            ├── index.html
+            └── assets
+                └── app.js
+        ```
+
+        Then in `app/main.py`:
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+        router.frontend("/", directory="dist")
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        normalized_path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
+        if self._frontend_routes is None:
+            self._frontend_routes = _FrontendRouteGroup()
+            self._low_priority_routes.append(self._frontend_routes)
+        self._frontend_routes.add_frontend_route(
+            _join_frontend_paths(self.prefix, normalized_path),
+            directory=directory,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            check_dir=check_dir,
+        )
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    async def app(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket", "lifespan")
+
+        if "router" not in scope:
+            scope["router"] = self
+
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            await self.lifespan(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        partial: tuple[BaseRoute, Scope] | None = None
+        for route in self.routes:
+            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                scope.update(child_scope)
+                await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+            if match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
+                partial = (route, child_scope)
+
+        if partial is not None:
+            route, child_scope = partial
+            scope.update(child_scope)
+            await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        if scope["type"] == "http" and self.redirect_slashes and route_path != "/":
+            redirect_scope = dict(scope)
+            if route_path.endswith("/"):
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"].rstrip("/")
+            else:
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"] + "/"
+
+            for route in self.routes:
+                match, _ = route.matches(redirect_scope)
+                if match != Match.NONE:
+                    redirect_url = URL(scope=redirect_scope)
+                    response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
+                    await response(scope, receive, send)
+                    return
+
+        (
+            low_priority_match,
+            low_priority_scope,
+            low_priority_route,
+            low_priority_context,
+        ) = self._match_low_priority(scope)
+        if low_priority_match != Match.NONE and low_priority_route is not None:
+            _update_scope(scope, low_priority_scope)
+            if low_priority_context is not None:
+                _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = (
+                    low_priority_context
+                )
+                original_route = low_priority_context.original_route
+                if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
+                    scope["route"] = original_route
+                    await original_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                    return
+            await low_priority_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        await self.default(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        included_router = _get_scope_included_router(scope)
+        if (
+            isinstance(included_router, _IncludedRouter)
+            and included_router.original_router is self
+        ):
+            await included_router._handle_selected(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        included_router = _get_scope_included_router(scope)
+        if (
+            isinstance(included_router, _IncludedRouter)
+            and included_router.original_router is self
+        ):
+            match, child_scope, _, _ = included_router._match(scope)
+            return match, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def _iter_low_priority_routes(
+        self,
+    ) -> Iterator[BaseRoute | _EffectiveRouteContext]:
+        yield from self._low_priority_routes
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                yield from route.effective_low_priority_routes()
+
+    def _match_low_priority(
+        self, scope: Scope
+    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, BaseRoute | None, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]:
+        full: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
+        partial: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
+        for candidate in self._iter_low_priority_routes():
+            route: BaseRoute
+            if isinstance(candidate, _EffectiveRouteContext):
+                route_context: _EffectiveRouteContext | None = candidate
+                original_route = candidate.original_route
+                if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
+                    fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
+                    previous_context = fastapi_scope.get(
+                        _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
+                    )
+                    fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = route_context
+                    try:
+                        match, child_scope = original_route.matches(scope)
+                    finally:
+                        _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
+                            scope,
+                            _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY,
+                            previous_context,
+                        )
+                    route = original_route
+                else:
+                    match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                    route = candidate.starlette_route or original_route
+            else:
+                route_context = None
+                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                route = candidate
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                if full is None:
+                    full = (child_scope, route, route_context)
+            elif match == Match.PARTIAL:
+                if partial is None:
+                    partial = (child_scope, route, route_context)
+        if full is not None:
+            child_scope, route, route_context = full
+            return Match.FULL, child_scope, route, route_context
+        if partial is not None:
+            child_scope, route, route_context = partial
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route, route_context
+        return Match.NONE, {}, None, None
+
+    def route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                methods=methods,
+                name=name,
+                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        route_class_override: type[APIRoute] | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
+        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+    ) -> None:
+        route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class
+        responses = responses or {}
+        combined_responses = {**self.responses, **responses}
+        current_response_class = get_value_or_default(
+            response_class, self.default_response_class
+        )
+        current_tags = self.tags.copy()
+        if tags:
+            current_tags.extend(tags)
+        current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy()
+        if dependencies:
+            current_dependencies.extend(dependencies)
+        current_callbacks = self.callbacks.copy()
+        if callbacks:
+            current_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
+        current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default(
+            generate_unique_id_function, self.generate_unique_id_function
+        )
+        route = route_class(
+            self.prefix + path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=current_tags,
+            dependencies=current_dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=combined_responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated or self.deprecated,
+            methods=methods,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema and self.include_in_schema,
+            response_class=current_response_class,
+            name=name,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
+            callbacks=current_callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
+            ),
+        )
+        self.routes.append(route)
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_api_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                response_model=response_model,
+                status_code=status_code,
+                tags=tags,
+                dependencies=dependencies,
+                summary=summary,
+                description=description,
+                response_description=response_description,
+                responses=responses,
+                deprecated=deprecated,
+                methods=methods,
+                operation_id=operation_id,
+                response_model_include=response_model_include,
+                response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+                response_class=response_class,
+                name=name,
+                callbacks=callbacks,
+                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_api_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy()
+        if dependencies:
+            current_dependencies.extend(dependencies)
+
+        route = APIWebSocketRoute(
+            self.prefix + path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            name=name,
+            dependencies=current_dependencies,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
+        )
+        self.routes.append(route)
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def websocket(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                WebSocket path.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this
+                WebSocket.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Decorate a WebSocket function.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+        **Example**
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, WebSocket
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.websocket("/ws")
+        async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
+            await websocket.accept()
+            while True:
+                data = await websocket.receive_text()
+                await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_api_websocket_route(
+                path, func, name=name, dependencies=dependencies
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def websocket_route(
+        self, path: str, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def include_router(
+        self,
+        router: Annotated["APIRouter", Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")],
+        *,
+        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
+                *path operations* in this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default response class to be used.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
+                generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Include another `APIRouter` in the same current `APIRouter`.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        internal_router = APIRouter()
+        users_router = APIRouter()
+
+        @users_router.get("/users/")
+        def read_users():
+            return [{"name": "Rick"}, {"name": "Morty"}]
+
+        internal_router.include_router(users_router)
+        app.include_router(internal_router)
+        ```
+        """
+        assert self is not router, (
+            "Cannot include the same APIRouter instance into itself. "
+            "Did you mean to include a different router?"
+        )
+        assert not router._contains_router(self), (
+            "Cannot include an APIRouter instance that already includes this router. "
+            "Did you mean to include a different router?"
+        )
+        if prefix:
+            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
+            assert not prefix.endswith("/"), (
+                "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
+            )
+        else:
+            for route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context(router.routes):
+                if route_context is None:
+                    path = getattr(route, "path", None)
+                    name = getattr(route, "name", "unknown")
+                elif route_context.starlette_route is not None:
+                    path = getattr(route_context.starlette_route, "path", None)
+                    name = getattr(route_context.starlette_route, "name", "unknown")
+                else:
+                    path = route_context.path
+                    name = route_context.name
+                if path is not None and not path:
+                    raise FastAPIError(
+                        f"Prefix and path cannot be both empty (path operation: {name})"
+                    )
+        include_context = _RouterIncludeContext.for_include(
+            parent_router=self,
+            included_router=router,
+            prefix=prefix,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            default_response_class=default_response_class,
+            responses=responses,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+        self.routes.append(
+            _IncludedRouter(original_router=router, include_context=include_context)
+        )
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+        for handler in router.on_startup:
+            self.add_event_handler("startup", handler)
+        for handler in router.on_shutdown:
+            self.add_event_handler("shutdown", handler)
+        self.lifespan_context = _merge_lifespan_context(
+            self.lifespan_context,
+            router.lifespan_context,
+        )
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.get("/items/")
+        def read_items():
+            return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}]
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["GET"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.put("/items/{item_id}")
+        def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["PUT"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.post("/items/")
+        def create_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item created"}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["POST"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+        def delete_item(item_id: str):
+            return {"message": "Item deleted"}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["DELETE"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.options("/items/")
+        def get_item_options():
+            return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["OPTIONS"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.head("/items/", status_code=204)
+        def get_items_headers(response: Response):
+            response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world"
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["HEAD"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.patch("/items/")
+        def update_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item updated in place"}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["PATCH"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def trace(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.trace("/items/{item_id}")
+        def trace_item(item_id: str):
+            return None
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["TRACE"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+    async def _startup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run any `.on_startup` event handlers.
+
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
+        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.
+
+        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        """
+        for handler in self.on_startup:
+            if is_async_callable(handler):
+                await handler()
+            else:
+                handler()
+
+    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+    async def _shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run any `.on_shutdown` event handlers.
+
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
+        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.
+
+        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        """
+        for handler in self.on_shutdown:
+            if is_async_callable(handler):
+                await handler()
+            else:
+                handler()
+
+    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+    def add_event_handler(
+        self,
+        event_type: str,
+        func: Callable[[], Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Add an event handler function for startup or shutdown.
+
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
+        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.
+
+        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        """
+        assert event_type in ("startup", "shutdown")
+        if event_type == "startup":
+            self.on_startup.append(func)
+        else:
+            self.on_shutdown.append(func)
+
+    @deprecated(
+        """
+        on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+        """
+    )
+    def on_event(
+        self,
+        event_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add an event handler for the router.
+
+        `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated).
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_event_handler(event_type, func)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aa6bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .api_key import APIKeyCookie as APIKeyCookie
+from .api_key import APIKeyHeader as APIKeyHeader
+from .api_key import APIKeyQuery as APIKeyQuery
+from .http import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials as HTTPAuthorizationCredentials
+from .http import HTTPBasic as HTTPBasic
+from .http import HTTPBasicCredentials as HTTPBasicCredentials
+from .http import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearer
+from .http import HTTPDigest as HTTPDigest
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2 as OAuth2
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer as OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2PasswordBearer as OAuth2PasswordBearer
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm as OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict as OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict
+from .oauth2 import SecurityScopes as SecurityScopes
+from .open_id_connect_url import OpenIdConnect as OpenIdConnect
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/api_key.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/api_key.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83a4585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/api_key.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.openapi.models import APIKey, APIKeyIn
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase):
+    model: APIKey
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        location: APIKeyIn,
+        name: str,
+        description: str | None,
+        scheme_name: str | None,
+        auto_error: bool,
+    ):
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+        self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
+            **{"in": location},  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+            name=name,
+            description=description,
+        )
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        """
+        The WWW-Authenticate header is not standardized for API Key authentication but
+        the HTTP specification requires that an error of 401 "Unauthorized" must
+        include a WWW-Authenticate header.
+
+        Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9110#name-401-unauthorized
+
+        For this, this method sends a custom challenge `APIKey`.
+        """
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "APIKey"},
+        )
+
+    def check_api_key(self, api_key: str | None) -> str | None:
+        if not api_key:
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            return None
+        return api_key
+
+
+class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a query parameter.
+
+    This defines the name of the query parameter that should be provided in the request
+    with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the query parameter automatically and provides it as the
+    dependency result. But it doesn't define how to send that API key to the client.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    query_scheme = APIKeyQuery(name="api_key")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(api_key: str = Depends(query_scheme)):
+        return {"api_key": api_key}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc("Query parameter name."),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the query parameter is not provided, `APIKeyQuery` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the query parameter is not
+                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be
+                `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query
+                parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            location=APIKeyIn.query,
+            name=name,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        api_key = request.query_params.get(self.model.name)
+        return self.check_api_key(api_key)
+
+
+class APIKeyHeader(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a header.
+
+    This defines the name of the header that should be provided in the request with
+    the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the header automatically and provides it as the dependency
+    result. But it doesn't define how to send that key to the client.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    header_scheme = APIKeyHeader(name="x-key")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(key: str = Depends(header_scheme)):
+        return {"key": key}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: Annotated[str, Doc("Header name.")],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the header is not provided, `APIKeyHeader` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the header is not available,
+                instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a header or
+                in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            location=APIKeyIn.header,
+            name=name,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        api_key = request.headers.get(self.model.name)
+        return self.check_api_key(api_key)
+
+
+class APIKeyCookie(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a cookie.
+
+    This defines the name of the cookie that should be provided in the request with
+    the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the cookie automatically and provides it as the dependency
+    result. But it doesn't define how to set that cookie.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    cookie_scheme = APIKeyCookie(name="session")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(session: str = Depends(cookie_scheme)):
+        return {"session": session}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: Annotated[str, Doc("Cookie name.")],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the cookie is not provided, `APIKeyCookie` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the cookie is not available,
+                instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a cookie or
+                in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            location=APIKeyIn.cookie,
+            name=name,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        api_key = request.cookies.get(self.model.name)
+        return self.check_api_key(api_key)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43555d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from fastapi.openapi.models import SecurityBase as SecurityBaseModel
+
+
+class SecurityBase:
+    model: SecurityBaseModel
+    scheme_name: str
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/http.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a32948e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+import binascii
+from base64 import b64decode
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
+from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel
+from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class HTTPBasicCredentials(BaseModel):
+    """
+    The HTTP Basic credentials given as the result of using `HTTPBasic` in a
+    dependency.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
+    """
+
+    username: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic username.")]
+    password: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic password.")]
+
+
+class HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(BaseModel):
+    """
+    The HTTP authorization credentials in the result of using `HTTPBearer` or
+    `HTTPDigest` in a dependency.
+
+    The HTTP authorization header value is split by the first space.
+
+    The first part is the `scheme`, the second part is the `credentials`.
+
+    For example, in an HTTP Bearer token scheme, the client will send a header
+    like:
+
+    ```
+    Authorization: Bearer deadbeef12346
+    ```
+
+    In this case:
+
+    * `scheme` will have the value `"Bearer"`
+    * `credentials` will have the value `"deadbeef12346"`
+    """
+
+    scheme: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTTP authorization scheme extracted from the header value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ]
+    credentials: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTTP authorization credentials extracted from the header value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
+    model: HTTPBaseModel
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        scheme_name: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        auto_error: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme=scheme, description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_authenticate_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"WWW-Authenticate": f"{self.model.scheme.title()}"}
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers=self.make_authenticate_headers(),
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not (authorization and scheme and credentials):
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(scheme=scheme, credentials=credentials)
+
+
+class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Basic authentication.
+
+    Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPBasicCredentials` object containing the
+    `username` and the `password`.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]):
+        return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        realm: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                HTTP Basic authentication realm.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Basic authentication is not provided (a
+                header), `HTTPBasic` will automatically cancel the request and send the
+                client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Basic authentication
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic
+                authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="basic", description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.realm = realm
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_authenticate_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        if self.realm:
+            return {"WWW-Authenticate": f'Basic realm="{self.realm}"'}
+        return {"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}
+
+    async def __call__(  # type: ignore
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> HTTPBasicCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "basic":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        try:
+            data = b64decode(param).decode("ascii")
+        except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError, binascii.Error) as e:
+            raise self.make_not_authenticated_error() from e
+        username, separator, password = data.partition(":")
+        if not separator:
+            raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+        return HTTPBasicCredentials(username=username, password=password)
+
+
+class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Bearer token authentication.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing
+    the `scheme` and the `credentials`.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPBearer()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(
+        credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
+    ):
+        return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        bearerFormat: Annotated[str | None, Doc("Bearer token format.")] = None,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Bearer token is not provided (in an
+                `Authorization` header), `HTTPBearer` will automatically cancel the
+                request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Bearer token
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in an HTTP
+                Bearer token or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBearerModel(bearerFormat=bearerFormat, description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not (authorization and scheme and credentials):
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        if scheme.lower() != "bearer":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(scheme=scheme, credentials=credentials)
+
+
+class HTTPDigest(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Digest authentication.
+
+    **Warning**: this is only a stub to connect the components with OpenAPI in FastAPI,
+    but it doesn't implement the full Digest scheme, you would need to subclass it
+    and implement it in your code.
+
+    Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7616
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing
+    the `scheme` and the `credentials`.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPDigest
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPDigest()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(
+        credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
+    ):
+        return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Digest is not provided, `HTTPDigest` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Digest is not
+                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP
+                Digest or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="digest", description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not (authorization and scheme and credentials):
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        if scheme.lower() != "digest":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(scheme=scheme, credentials=credentials)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/oauth2.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fd9e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+from typing import Annotated, Any, cast
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuth2 as OAuth2Model
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuthFlows as OAuthFlowsModel
+from fastapi.param_functions import Form
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm:
+    """
+    This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data
+    for an OAuth2 password flow.
+
+    The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be
+    collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific
+    fields `username` and `password`.
+
+    All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/login")
+    def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]):
+        data = {}
+        data["scopes"] = []
+        for scope in form_data.scopes:
+            data["scopes"].append(scope)
+        if form_data.client_id:
+            data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
+        if form_data.client_secret:
+            data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
+        return data
+    ```
+
+    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
+    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon characters (`:`) or
+    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
+    group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just
+    know that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        grant_type: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(pattern="^password$"),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
+                "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and
+                allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the
+                `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` dependency.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        username: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `username`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        password: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(json_schema_extra={"format": "password"}),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `password`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scope: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
+                scope is also a string.
+
+                For example, a single string with:
+
+                ```python
+                "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+                ````
+
+                would represent the scopes:
+
+                * `items:read`
+                * `items:write`
+                * `users:read`
+                * `profile`
+                * `openid`
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        client_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
+                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
+                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        client_secret: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(json_schema_extra={"format": "password"}),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_secret` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
+                as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
+                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
+                auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        self.grant_type = grant_type
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.scopes = scope.split()
+        self.client_id = client_id
+        self.client_secret = client_secret
+
+
+class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
+    """
+    This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data
+    for an OAuth2 password flow.
+
+    The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be
+    collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific
+    fields `username` and `password`.
+
+    All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.
+
+    The only difference between `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` and
+    `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` is that `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` requires the
+    client to send the form field `grant_type` with the value `"password"`, which
+    is required in the OAuth2 specification (it seems that for no particular reason),
+    while for `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` `grant_type` is optional.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/login")
+    def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict, Depends()]):
+        data = {}
+        data["scopes"] = []
+        for scope in form_data.scopes:
+            data["scopes"].append(scope)
+        if form_data.client_id:
+            data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
+        if form_data.client_secret:
+            data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
+        return data
+    ```
+
+    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
+    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon characters (`:`) or
+    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
+    group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just
+    know that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
+
+
+    grant_type: the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password".
+        This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be permissive, use instead the
+        OAuth2PasswordRequestForm dependency class.
+    username: username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "username".
+    password: password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "password".
+    scope: Optional string. Several scopes (each one a string) separated by spaces. E.g.
+        "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+    client_id: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any)
+        using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret
+    client_secret: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any)
+        using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        grant_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(pattern="^password$"),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
+                "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be
+                permissive, use instead the `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` dependency
+                class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        username: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `username`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        password: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `password`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scope: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
+                scope is also a string.
+
+                For example, a single string with:
+
+                ```python
+                "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+                ````
+
+                would represent the scopes:
+
+                * `items:read`
+                * `items:write`
+                * `users:read`
+                * `profile`
+                * `openid`
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        client_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
+                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
+                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        client_secret: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_secret` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
+                as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
+                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
+                auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            grant_type=grant_type,
+            username=username,
+            password=password,
+            scope=scope,
+            client_id=client_id,
+            client_secret=client_secret,
+        )
+
+
+class OAuth2(SecurityBase):
+    """
+    This is the base class for OAuth2 authentication, an instance of it would be used
+    as a dependency. All other OAuth2 classes inherit from it and customize it for
+    each OAuth2 flow.
+
+    You normally would not create a new class inheriting from it but use one of the
+    existing subclasses, and maybe compose them if you want to support multiple flows.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        flows: Annotated[
+            OAuthFlowsModel | dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The dictionary of OAuth2 flows.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = OAuthFlowsModel(),
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = OAuth2Model(
+            flows=cast(OAuthFlowsModel, flows), description=description
+        )
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        """
+        The OAuth 2 specification doesn't define the challenge that should be used,
+        because a `Bearer` token is not really the only option to authenticate.
+
+        But declaring any other authentication challenge would be application-specific
+        as it's not defined in the specification.
+
+        For practical reasons, this method uses the `Bearer` challenge by default, as
+        it's probably the most common one.
+
+        If you are implementing an OAuth2 authentication scheme other than the provided
+        ones in FastAPI (based on bearer tokens), you might want to override this.
+
+        Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749
+        """
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        if not authorization:
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return authorization
+
+
+class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2):
+    """
+    OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with a password.
+    An instance of it would be used as a dependency.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        tokenUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. This would be the *path operation*
+                that has `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` as a dependency.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
+                use this dependency.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        refreshUrl: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        if not scopes:
+            scopes = {}
+        flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
+            password=cast(
+                Any,
+                {
+                    "tokenUrl": tokenUrl,
+                    "refreshUrl": refreshUrl,
+                    "scopes": scopes,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        super().__init__(
+            flows=flows,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return param
+
+
+class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2):
+    """
+    OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with an OAuth2 code
+    flow. An instance of it would be used as a dependency.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        authorizationUrl: str,
+        tokenUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        refreshUrl: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
+                use this dependency.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        if not scopes:
+            scopes = {}
+        flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
+            authorizationCode=cast(
+                Any,
+                {
+                    "authorizationUrl": authorizationUrl,
+                    "tokenUrl": tokenUrl,
+                    "refreshUrl": refreshUrl,
+                    "scopes": scopes,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        super().__init__(
+            flows=flows,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None  # pragma: nocover
+        return param
+
+
+class SecurityScopes:
+    """
+    This is a special class that you can define in a parameter in a dependency to
+    obtain the OAuth2 scopes required by all the dependencies in the same chain.
+
+    This way, multiple dependencies can have different scopes, even when used in the
+    same *path operation*. And with this, you can access all the scopes required in
+    all those dependencies in a single place.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            list[str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                This will be filled by FastAPI.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        self.scopes: Annotated[
+            list[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The list of all the scopes required by dependencies.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = scopes or []
+        self.scope_str: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                All the scopes required by all the dependencies in a single string
+                separated by spaces, as defined in the OAuth2 specification.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = " ".join(self.scopes)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..125a819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OpenIdConnect as OpenIdConnectModel
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase):
+    """
+    OpenID Connect authentication class. An instance of it would be used as a
+    dependency.
+
+    **Warning**: this is only a stub to connect the components with OpenAPI in FastAPI,
+    but it doesn't implement the full OpenIdConnect scheme, for example, it doesn't use
+    the OpenIDConnect URL. You would need to subclass it and implement it in your
+    code.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        openIdConnectUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+            The OpenID Connect URL.
+            """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OpenID Connect authentication, it will automatically cancel the request
+                and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OpenID
+                Connect or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = OpenIdConnectModel(
+            openIdConnectUrl=openIdConnectUrl, description=description
+        )
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        if not authorization:
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return authorization
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ee66fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def get_authorization_scheme_param(
+    authorization_header_value: str | None,
+) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    if not authorization_header_value:
+        return "", ""
+    scheme, _, param = authorization_header_value.partition(" ")
+    return scheme, param.strip()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/sse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/sse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2bd86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/sse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from pydantic import AfterValidator, BaseModel, Field, model_validator
+from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse
+
+# Canonical SSE event schema matching the OpenAPI 3.2 spec
+# (Section 4.14.4 "Special Considerations for Server-Sent Events")
+_SSE_EVENT_SCHEMA: dict[str, Any] = {
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "data": {"type": "string"},
+        "event": {"type": "string"},
+        "id": {"type": "string"},
+        "retry": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 0},
+    },
+}
+
+
+class EventSourceResponse(StreamingResponse):
+    """Streaming response with `text/event-stream` media type.
+
+    Use as `response_class=EventSourceResponse` on a *path operation* that uses `yield`
+    to enable Server Sent Events (SSE) responses.
+
+    Works with **any HTTP method** (`GET`, `POST`, etc.), which makes it compatible
+    with protocols like MCP that stream SSE over `POST`.
+
+    The actual encoding logic lives in the FastAPI routing layer. This class
+    serves mainly as a marker and sets the correct `Content-Type`.
+    """
+
+    media_type = "text/event-stream"
+
+
+def _check_single_line(v: str | None, field_name: str) -> str | None:
+    if v is not None and ("\r" in v or "\n" in v):
+        raise ValueError(f"SSE '{field_name}' must be a single line")
+    return v
+
+
+def _check_event_single_line(v: str | None) -> str | None:
+    return _check_single_line(v, "event")
+
+
+def _check_id_valid(v: str | None) -> str | None:
+    if v is not None and "\0" in v:
+        raise ValueError("SSE 'id' must not contain null characters")
+    return _check_single_line(v, "id")
+
+
+class ServerSentEvent(BaseModel):
+    """Represents a single Server-Sent Event.
+
+    When `yield`ed from a *path operation function* that uses
+    `response_class=EventSourceResponse`, each `ServerSentEvent` is encoded
+    into the [SSE wire format](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html#parsing-an-event-stream)
+    (`text/event-stream`).
+
+    If you yield a plain object (dict, Pydantic model, etc.) instead, it is
+    automatically JSON-encoded and sent as the `data:` field.
+
+    All `data` values **including plain strings** are JSON-serialized.
+
+    For example, `data="hello"` produces `data: "hello"` on the wire (with
+    quotes).
+    """
+
+    data: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The event payload.
+
+            Can be any JSON-serializable value: a Pydantic model, dict, list,
+            string, number, etc. It is **always** serialized to JSON: strings
+            are quoted (`"hello"` becomes `data: "hello"` on the wire).
+
+            Mutually exclusive with `raw_data`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    raw_data: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Raw string to send as the `data:` field **without** JSON encoding.
+
+            Use this when you need to send pre-formatted text, HTML fragments,
+            CSV lines, or any non-JSON payload. The string is placed directly
+            into the `data:` field as-is.
+
+            Mutually exclusive with `data`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    event: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        AfterValidator(_check_event_single_line),
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event type name.
+
+            Maps to `addEventListener(event, ...)` on the browser. When omitted,
+            the browser dispatches on the generic `message` event. Must be a
+            single line.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        AfterValidator(_check_id_valid),
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event ID.
+
+            The browser sends this value back as the `Last-Event-ID` header on
+            automatic reconnection. **Must be a single line** and must not contain
+            null (`\\0`) characters.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    retry: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Field(ge=0),
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional reconnection time in **milliseconds**.
+
+            Tells the browser how long to wait before reconnecting after the
+            connection is lost. Must be a non-negative integer.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional comment line(s).
+
+            Comment lines start with `:` in the SSE wire format and are ignored by
+            `EventSource` clients. Useful for keep-alive pings to prevent
+            proxy/load-balancer timeouts.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _check_data_exclusive(self) -> "ServerSentEvent":
+        if self.data is not None and self.raw_data is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot set both 'data' and 'raw_data' on the same "
+                "ServerSentEvent. Use 'data' for JSON-serialized payloads "
+                "or 'raw_data' for pre-formatted strings."
+            )
+        return self
+
+
+def format_sse_event(
+    *,
+    data_str: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pre-serialized data string to use as the `data:` field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    event: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event type name (`event:` field).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event ID (`id:` field).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    retry: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional reconnection time in milliseconds (`retry:` field).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional comment line(s) (`:` prefix).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Build SSE wire-format bytes from **pre-serialized** data.
+
+    The result always ends with `\n\n` (the event terminator).
+    """
+    lines: list[str] = []
+
+    if comment is not None:
+        for line in comment.splitlines():
+            lines.append(f": {line}")
+
+    if event is not None:
+        lines.append(f"event: {event}")
+
+    if data_str is not None:
+        for line in data_str.splitlines():
+            lines.append(f"data: {line}")
+
+    if id is not None:
+        lines.append(f"id: {id}")
+
+    if retry is not None:
+        lines.append(f"retry: {retry}")
+
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append("")
+    return "\n".join(lines).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+# Keep-alive comment, per the SSE spec recommendation
+KEEPALIVE_COMMENT = b": ping\n\n"
+
+# Seconds between keep-alive pings when a generator is idle.
+# Private but importable so tests can monkeypatch it.
+_PING_INTERVAL: float = 15.0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/staticfiles.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/staticfiles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..299015d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/staticfiles.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles as StaticFiles  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/templating.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cb8684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates as Jinja2Templates  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/testclient.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/testclient.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4012406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/testclient.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient as TestClient  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb86e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import types
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.main import IncEx as IncEx
+
+DecoratedCallable = TypeVar("DecoratedCallable", bound=Callable[..., Any])
+UnionType = getattr(types, "UnionType", Union)
+ModelNameMap = dict[type[BaseModel] | type[Enum], str]
+DependencyCacheKey = tuple[Callable[..., Any] | None, tuple[str, ...], str]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12eaa2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import re
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+)
+
+import fastapi
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
+    Undefined,
+    annotation_is_pydantic_v1,
+)
+from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, DefaultType
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning, PydanticV1NotSupportedError
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+from ._compat import v2
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: nocover
+    from .routing import APIRoute
+
+
+def is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code: int | str | None) -> bool:
+    if status_code is None:
+        return True
+    # Ref: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#patterned-fields-1
+    if status_code in {
+        "default",
+        "1XX",
+        "2XX",
+        "3XX",
+        "4XX",
+        "5XX",
+    }:
+        return True
+    current_status_code = int(status_code)
+    return not (current_status_code < 200 or current_status_code in {204, 205, 304})
+
+
+def get_path_param_names(path: str) -> set[str]:
+    return set(re.findall("{(.*?)}", path))
+
+
+_invalid_args_message = (
+    "Invalid args for response field! Hint: "
+    "check that {type_} is a valid Pydantic field type. "
+    "If you are using a return type annotation that is not a valid Pydantic "
+    "field (e.g. Union[Response, dict, None]) you can disable generating the "
+    "response model from the type annotation with the path operation decorator "
+    "parameter response_model=None. Read more: "
+    "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/"
+)
+
+
+def create_model_field(
+    name: str,
+    type_: Any,
+    default: Any | None = Undefined,
+    field_info: FieldInfo | None = None,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation",
+) -> ModelField:
+    if annotation_is_pydantic_v1(type_):
+        raise PydanticV1NotSupportedError(
+            "pydantic.v1 models are no longer supported by FastAPI."
+            f" Please update the response model {type_!r}."
+        )
+    field_info = field_info or FieldInfo(annotation=type_, default=default, alias=alias)
+    try:
+        return v2.ModelField(mode=mode, name=name, field_info=field_info)
+    except PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+        raise fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIError(
+            _invalid_args_message.format(type_=type_)
+        ) from None
+
+
+def generate_operation_id_for_path(
+    *, name: str, path: str, method: str
+) -> str:  # pragma: nocover
+    warnings.warn(
+        message="fastapi.utils.generate_operation_id_for_path() was deprecated, "
+        "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon",
+        category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    operation_id = f"{name}{path}"
+    operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id)
+    operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{method.lower()}"
+    return operation_id
+
+
+def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str:
+    operation_id = f"{route.name}{route.path_format}"
+    operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id)
+    assert route.methods
+    operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{list(route.methods)[0].lower()}"
+    return operation_id
+
+
+def deep_dict_update(main_dict: dict[Any, Any], update_dict: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
+    for key, value in update_dict.items():
+        if (
+            key in main_dict
+            and isinstance(main_dict[key], dict)
+            and isinstance(value, dict)
+        ):
+            deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value)
+        elif (
+            key in main_dict
+            and isinstance(main_dict[key], list)
+            and isinstance(update_dict[key], list)
+        ):
+            main_dict[key] = main_dict[key] + update_dict[key]
+        else:
+            main_dict[key] = value
+
+
+def get_value_or_default(
+    first_item: DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType,
+    *extra_items: DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType,
+) -> DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType:
+    """
+    Pass items or `DefaultPlaceholder`s by descending priority.
+
+    The first one to _not_ be a `DefaultPlaceholder` will be returned.
+
+    Otherwise, the first item (a `DefaultPlaceholder`) will be returned.
+    """
+    items = (first_item,) + extra_items
+    for item in items:
+        if not isinstance(item, DefaultPlaceholder):
+            return item
+    return first_item
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/websockets.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/websockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55a4ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/websockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket  # noqa
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect  # noqa
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocketState as WebSocketState  # noqa
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a2f639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: h11
+Version: 0.16.0
+Summary: A pure-Python, bring-your-own-I/O implementation of HTTP/1.1
+Home-page: https://github.com/python-hyper/h11
+Author: Nathaniel J. Smith
+Author-email: njs@pobox.com
+License: MIT
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+h11
+===
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11.svg?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11
+   :alt: Automated test status
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11
+   :alt: Test coverage
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/h11/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://h11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+   :alt: Documentation Status
+
+This is a little HTTP/1.1 library written from scratch in Python,
+heavily inspired by `hyper-h2 <https://hyper-h2.readthedocs.io/>`_.
+
+It's a "bring-your-own-I/O" library; h11 contains no IO code
+whatsoever. This means you can hook h11 up to your favorite network
+API, and that could be anything you want: synchronous, threaded,
+asynchronous, or your own implementation of `RFC 6214
+<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6214>`_ -- h11 won't judge you.
+(Compare this to the current state of the art, where every time a `new
+network API <https://trio.readthedocs.io/>`_ comes along then someone
+gets to start over reimplementing the entire HTTP protocol from
+scratch.) Cory Benfield made an `excellent blog post describing the
+benefits of this approach
+<https://lukasa.co.uk/2015/10/The_New_Hyper/>`_, or if you like video
+then here's his `PyCon 2016 talk on the same theme
+<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cC3_jGwl_U>`_.
+
+This also means that h11 is not immediately useful out of the box:
+it's a toolkit for building programs that speak HTTP, not something
+that could directly replace ``requests`` or ``twisted.web`` or
+whatever. But h11 makes it much easier to implement something like
+``requests`` or ``twisted.web``.
+
+At a high level, working with h11 goes like this:
+
+1) First, create an ``h11.Connection`` object to track the state of a
+   single HTTP/1.1 connection.
+
+2) When you read data off the network, pass it to
+   ``conn.receive_data(...)``; you'll get back a list of objects
+   representing high-level HTTP "events".
+
+3) When you want to send a high-level HTTP event, create the
+   corresponding "event" object and pass it to ``conn.send(...)``;
+   this will give you back some bytes that you can then push out
+   through the network.
+
+For example, a client might instantiate and then send a
+``h11.Request`` object, then zero or more ``h11.Data`` objects for the
+request body (e.g., if this is a POST), and then a
+``h11.EndOfMessage`` to indicate the end of the message. Then the
+server would then send back a ``h11.Response``, some ``h11.Data``, and
+its own ``h11.EndOfMessage``. If either side violates the protocol,
+you'll get a ``h11.ProtocolError`` exception.
+
+h11 is suitable for implementing both servers and clients, and has a
+pleasantly symmetric API: the events you send as a client are exactly
+the ones that you receive as a server and vice-versa.
+
+`Here's an example of a tiny HTTP client
+<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/examples/basic-client.py>`_
+
+It also has `a fine manual <https://h11.readthedocs.io/>`_.
+
+FAQ
+---
+
+*Whyyyyy?*
+
+I wanted to play with HTTP in `Curio
+<https://curio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html>`__ and `Trio
+<https://trio.readthedocs.io>`__, which at the time didn't have any
+HTTP libraries. So I thought, no big deal, Python has, like, a dozen
+different implementations of HTTP, surely I can find one that's
+reusable. I didn't find one, but I did find Cory's call-to-arms
+blog-post. So I figured, well, fine, if I have to implement HTTP from
+scratch, at least I can make sure no-one *else* has to ever again.
+
+*Should I use it?*
+
+Maybe. You should be aware that it's a very young project. But, it's
+feature complete and has an exhaustive test-suite and complete docs,
+so the next step is for people to try using it and see how it goes
+:-). If you do then please let us know -- if nothing else we'll want
+to talk to you before making any incompatible changes!
+
+*What are the features/limitations?*
+
+Roughly speaking, it's trying to be a robust, complete, and non-hacky
+implementation of the first "chapter" of the HTTP/1.1 spec: `RFC 7230:
+HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing
+<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230>`_. That is, it mostly focuses on
+implementing HTTP at the level of taking bytes on and off the wire,
+and the headers related to that, and tries to be anal about spec
+conformance. It doesn't know about higher-level concerns like URL
+routing, conditional GETs, cross-origin cookie policies, or content
+negotiation. But it does know how to take care of framing,
+cross-version differences in keep-alive handling, and the "obsolete
+line folding" rule, so you can focus your energies on the hard /
+interesting parts for your application, and it tries to support the
+full specification in the sense that any useful HTTP/1.1 conformant
+application should be able to use h11.
+
+It's pure Python, and has no dependencies outside of the standard
+library.
+
+It has a test suite with 100.0% coverage for both statements and
+branches.
+
+Currently it supports Python 3 (testing on 3.8-3.12) and PyPy 3.
+The last Python 2-compatible version was h11 0.11.x.
+(Originally it had a Cython wrapper for `http-parser
+<https://github.com/nodejs/http-parser>`_ and a beautiful nested state
+machine implemented with ``yield from`` to postprocess the output. But
+I had to take these out -- the new *parser* needs fewer lines-of-code
+than the old *parser wrapper*, is written in pure Python, uses no
+exotic language syntax, and has more features. It's sad, really; that
+old state machine was really slick. I just need a few sentences here
+to mourn that.)
+
+I don't know how fast it is. I haven't benchmarked or profiled it yet,
+so it's probably got a few pointless hot spots, and I've been trying
+to err on the side of simplicity and robustness instead of
+micro-optimization. But at the architectural level I tried hard to
+avoid fundamentally bad decisions, e.g., I believe that all the
+parsing algorithms remain linear-time even in the face of pathological
+input like slowloris, and there are no byte-by-byte loops. (I also
+believe that it maintains bounded memory usage in the face of
+arbitrary/pathological input.)
+
+The whole library is ~800 lines-of-code. You can read and understand
+the whole thing in less than an hour. Most of the energy invested in
+this so far has been spent on trying to keep things simple by
+minimizing special-cases and ad hoc state manipulation; even though it
+is now quite small and simple, I'm still annoyed that I haven't
+figured out how to make it even smaller and simpler. (Unfortunately,
+HTTP does not lend itself to simplicity.)
+
+The API is ~feature complete and I don't expect the general outlines
+to change much, but you can't judge an API's ergonomics until you
+actually document and use it, so I'd expect some changes in the
+details.
+
+*How do I try it?*
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+  $ pip install h11
+  $ git clone git@github.com:python-hyper/h11
+  $ cd h11/examples
+  $ python basic-client.py
+
+and go from there.
+
+*License?*
+
+MIT
+
+*Code of conduct?*
+
+Contributors are requested to follow our `code of conduct
+<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md>`_ in
+all project spaces.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f8e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=KPMmCYrAn8unm48YD5YIfIQf4kViFct7hyqcfVzRnWQ,8348
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=CmyFI0kx5cdEMTLiONQRbGQwjIoR1aIYB7eCAQ4KPJ0,91
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt,sha256=N9tbuFkm2yikJ6JYZ_ELEjIAOuob5pzLhRE4rbjm82E,1124
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=F7dC4jl3zeh8TGHEPaWJrMbeuoWbS379Gwdi-Yvdcis,4
+h11/__init__.py,sha256=iO1KzkSO42yZ6ffg-VMgbx_ZVTWGUY00nRYEWn-s3kY,1507
+h11/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_abnf.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_connection.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_events.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_headers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_readers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_receivebuffer.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_state.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_util.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_writers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/_abnf.py,sha256=ybixr0xsupnkA6GFAyMubuXF6Tc1lb_hF890NgCsfNc,4815
+h11/_connection.py,sha256=k9YRVf6koZqbttBW36xSWaJpWdZwa-xQVU9AHEo9DuI,26863
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+h11/_readers.py,sha256=a4RypORUCC3d0q_kxPuBIM7jTD8iLt5X91TH0FsduN4,8590
+h11/_receivebuffer.py,sha256=xrspsdsNgWFxRfQcTXxR8RrdjRXXTK0Io5cQYWpJ1Ws,5252
+h11/_state.py,sha256=_5LG_BGR8FCcFQeBPH-TMHgm_-B-EUcWCnQof_9XjFE,13231
+h11/_util.py,sha256=LWkkjXyJaFlAy6Lt39w73UStklFT5ovcvo0TkY7RYuk,4888
+h11/_version.py,sha256=GVSsbPSPDcOuF6ptfIiXnVJoaEm3ygXbMnqlr_Giahw,686
+h11/_writers.py,sha256=oFKm6PtjeHfbj4RLX7VB7KDc1gIY53gXG3_HR9ltmTA,5081
+h11/py.typed,sha256=sow9soTwP9T_gEAQSVh7Gb8855h04Nwmhs2We-JRgZM,7
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb3c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (78.1.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f080ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Nathaniel J. Smith <njs@pobox.com> and other contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d24def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+h11
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..989e92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# A highish-level implementation of the HTTP/1.1 wire protocol (RFC 7230),
+# containing no networking code at all, loosely modelled on hyper-h2's generic
+# implementation of HTTP/2 (and in particular the h2.connection.H2Connection
+# class). There's still a bunch of subtle details you need to get right if you
+# want to make this actually useful, because it doesn't implement all the
+# semantics to check that what you're asking to write to the wire is sensible,
+# but at least it gets you out of dealing with the wire itself.
+
+from h11._connection import Connection, NEED_DATA, PAUSED
+from h11._events import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    Data,
+    EndOfMessage,
+    Event,
+    InformationalResponse,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from h11._state import (
+    CLIENT,
+    CLOSED,
+    DONE,
+    ERROR,
+    IDLE,
+    MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+    MUST_CLOSE,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SEND_RESPONSE,
+    SERVER,
+    SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+)
+from h11._util import LocalProtocolError, ProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+from h11._version import __version__
+
+PRODUCT_ID = "python-h11/" + __version__
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "Connection",
+    "NEED_DATA",
+    "PAUSED",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "Event",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    "CLIENT",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "DONE",
+    "ERROR",
+    "IDLE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SERVER",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..933587f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# We use native strings for all the re patterns, to take advantage of string
+# formatting, and then convert to bytestrings when compiling the final re
+# objects.
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#whitespace
+#  OWS            = *( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; optional whitespace
+OWS = r"[ \t]*"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.token.separators
+#   token          = 1*tchar
+#
+#   tchar          = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
+#                  / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+#                  / DIGIT / ALPHA
+#                  ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
+token = r"[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#header.fields
+#  field-name     = token
+field_name = token
+
+# The standard says:
+#
+#  field-value    = *( field-content / obs-fold )
+#  field-content  = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
+#  field-vchar    = VCHAR / obs-text
+#  obs-fold       = CRLF 1*( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; obsolete line folding
+#                 ; see Section 3.2.4
+#
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+#
+#   VCHAR          =  %x21-7E
+#                  ; visible (printing) characters
+#
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.quoted-string
+#   obs-text       = %x80-FF
+#
+# However, the standard definition of field-content is WRONG! It disallows
+# fields containing a single visible character surrounded by whitespace,
+# e.g. "foo a bar".
+#
+# See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+#
+# So our definition of field_content attempts to fix it up...
+#
+# Also, we allow lots of control characters, because apparently people assume
+# that they're legal in practice (e.g., google analytics makes cookies with
+# \x01 in them!):
+#   https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/issues/57
+# We still don't allow NUL or whitespace, because those are often treated as
+# meta-characters and letting them through can lead to nasty issues like SSRF.
+vchar = r"[\x21-\x7e]"
+vchar_or_obs_text = r"[^\x00\s]"
+field_vchar = vchar_or_obs_text
+field_content = r"{field_vchar}+(?:[ \t]+{field_vchar}+)*".format(**globals())
+
+# We handle obs-fold at a different level, and our fixed-up field_content
+# already grows to swallow the whole value, so ? instead of *
+field_value = r"({field_content})?".format(**globals())
+
+#  header-field   = field-name ":" OWS field-value OWS
+header_field = (
+    r"(?P<field_name>{field_name})"
+    r":"
+    r"{OWS}"
+    r"(?P<field_value>{field_value})"
+    r"{OWS}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#request.line
+#
+#   request-line   = method SP request-target SP HTTP-version CRLF
+#   method         = token
+#   HTTP-version   = HTTP-name "/" DIGIT "." DIGIT
+#   HTTP-name      = %x48.54.54.50 ; "HTTP", case-sensitive
+#
+# request-target is complicated (see RFC 7230 sec 5.3) -- could be path, full
+# URL, host+port (for connect), or even "*", but in any case we are guaranteed
+# that it contists of the visible printing characters.
+method = token
+request_target = r"{vchar}+".format(**globals())
+http_version = r"HTTP/(?P<http_version>[0-9]\.[0-9])"
+request_line = (
+    r"(?P<method>{method})"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<target>{request_target})"
+    r" "
+    r"{http_version}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#status.line
+#
+#   status-line = HTTP-version SP status-code SP reason-phrase CRLF
+#   status-code    = 3DIGIT
+#   reason-phrase  = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
+status_code = r"[0-9]{3}"
+reason_phrase = r"([ \t]|{vchar_or_obs_text})*".format(**globals())
+status_line = (
+    r"{http_version}"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<status_code>{status_code})"
+    # However, there are apparently a few too many servers out there that just
+    # leave out the reason phrase:
+    #   https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/345#issuecomment-281756036
+    #   https://github.com/seanmonstar/httparse/issues/29
+    # so make it optional. ?: is a non-capturing group.
+    r"(?: (?P<reason>{reason_phrase}))?".format(**globals())
+)
+
+HEXDIG = r"[0-9A-Fa-f]"
+# Actually
+#
+#      chunk-size     = 1*HEXDIG
+#
+# but we impose an upper-limit to avoid ridiculosity. len(str(2**64)) == 20
+chunk_size = r"({HEXDIG}){{1,20}}".format(**globals())
+# Actually
+#
+#     chunk-ext      = *( ";" chunk-ext-name [ "=" chunk-ext-val ] )
+#
+# but we aren't parsing the things so we don't really care.
+chunk_ext = r";.*"
+chunk_header = (
+    r"(?P<chunk_size>{chunk_size})"
+    r"(?P<chunk_ext>{chunk_ext})?"
+    r"{OWS}\r\n".format(
+        **globals()
+    )  # Even though the specification does not allow for extra whitespaces,
+    # we are lenient with trailing whitespaces because some servers on the wild use it.
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e37d82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+# This contains the main Connection class. Everything in h11 revolves around
+# this.
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    cast,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    overload,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._events import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    Data,
+    EndOfMessage,
+    Event,
+    InformationalResponse,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from ._headers import get_comma_header, has_expect_100_continue, set_comma_header
+from ._readers import READERS, ReadersType
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import (
+    _SWITCH_CONNECT,
+    _SWITCH_UPGRADE,
+    CLIENT,
+    ConnectionState,
+    DONE,
+    ERROR,
+    MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SERVER,
+    SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+)
+from ._util import (  # Import the internal things we need
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    Sentinel,
+)
+from ._writers import WRITERS, WritersType
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = ["Connection", "NEED_DATA", "PAUSED"]
+
+
+class NEED_DATA(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class PAUSED(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# If we ever have this much buffered without it making a complete parseable
+# event, we error out. The only time we really buffer is when reading the
+# request/response line + headers together, so this is effectively the limit on
+# the size of that.
+#
+# Some precedents for defaults:
+# - node.js: 80 * 1024
+# - tomcat: 8 * 1024
+# - IIS: 16 * 1024
+# - Apache: <8 KiB per line>
+DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 16 * 1024
+
+
+# RFC 7230's rules for connection lifecycles:
+# - If either side says they want to close the connection, then the connection
+#   must close.
+# - HTTP/1.1 defaults to keep-alive unless someone says Connection: close
+# - HTTP/1.0 defaults to close unless both sides say Connection: keep-alive
+#   (and even this is a mess -- e.g. if you're implementing a proxy then
+#   sending Connection: keep-alive is forbidden).
+#
+# We simplify life by simply not supporting keep-alive with HTTP/1.0 peers. So
+# our rule is:
+# - If someone says Connection: close, we will close
+# - If someone uses HTTP/1.0, we will close.
+def _keep_alive(event: Union[Request, Response]) -> bool:
+    connection = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"connection")
+    if b"close" in connection:
+        return False
+    if getattr(event, "http_version", b"1.1") < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _body_framing(
+    request_method: bytes, event: Union[Request, Response]
+) -> Tuple[str, Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int]]]:
+    # Called when we enter SEND_BODY to figure out framing information for
+    # this body.
+    #
+    # These are the only two events that can trigger a SEND_BODY state:
+    assert type(event) in (Request, Response)
+    # Returns one of:
+    #
+    #    ("content-length", count)
+    #    ("chunked", ())
+    #    ("http/1.0", ())
+    #
+    # which are (lookup key, *args) for constructing body reader/writer
+    # objects.
+    #
+    # Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+    #
+    # Step 1: some responses always have an empty body, regardless of what the
+    # headers say.
+    if type(event) is Response:
+        if (
+            event.status_code in (204, 304)
+            or request_method == b"HEAD"
+            or (request_method == b"CONNECT" and 200 <= event.status_code < 300)
+        ):
+            return ("content-length", (0,))
+        # Section 3.3.3 also lists another case -- responses with status_code
+        # < 200. For us these are InformationalResponses, not Responses, so
+        # they can't get into this function in the first place.
+        assert event.status_code >= 200
+
+    # Step 2: check for Transfer-Encoding (T-E beats C-L):
+    transfer_encodings = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"transfer-encoding")
+    if transfer_encodings:
+        assert transfer_encodings == [b"chunked"]
+        return ("chunked", ())
+
+    # Step 3: check for Content-Length
+    content_lengths = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"content-length")
+    if content_lengths:
+        return ("content-length", (int(content_lengths[0]),))
+
+    # Step 4: no applicable headers; fallback/default depends on type
+    if type(event) is Request:
+        return ("content-length", (0,))
+    else:
+        return ("http/1.0", ())
+
+
+################################################################
+#
+# The main Connection class
+#
+################################################################
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """An object encapsulating the state of an HTTP connection.
+
+    Args:
+        our_role: If you're implementing a client, pass :data:`h11.CLIENT`. If
+            you're implementing a server, pass :data:`h11.SERVER`.
+
+        max_incomplete_event_size (int):
+            The maximum number of bytes we're willing to buffer of an
+            incomplete event. In practice this mostly sets a limit on the
+            maximum size of the request/response line + headers. If this is
+            exceeded, then :meth:`next_event` will raise
+            :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        our_role: Type[Sentinel],
+        max_incomplete_event_size: int = DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._max_incomplete_event_size = max_incomplete_event_size
+        # State and role tracking
+        if our_role not in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+            raise ValueError(f"expected CLIENT or SERVER, not {our_role!r}")
+        self.our_role = our_role
+        self.their_role: Type[Sentinel]
+        if our_role is CLIENT:
+            self.their_role = SERVER
+        else:
+            self.their_role = CLIENT
+        self._cstate = ConnectionState()
+
+        # Callables for converting data->events or vice-versa given the
+        # current state
+        self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, None, WRITERS)
+        self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, None, READERS)
+
+        # Holds any unprocessed received data
+        self._receive_buffer = ReceiveBuffer()
+        # If this is true, then it indicates that the incoming connection was
+        # closed *after* the end of whatever's in self._receive_buffer:
+        self._receive_buffer_closed = False
+
+        # Extra bits of state that don't fit into the state machine.
+        #
+        # These two are only used to interpret framing headers for figuring
+        # out how to read/write response bodies. their_http_version is also
+        # made available as a convenient public API.
+        self.their_http_version: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self._request_method: Optional[bytes] = None
+        # This is pure flow-control and doesn't at all affect the set of legal
+        # transitions, so no need to bother ConnectionState with it:
+        self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+    @property
+    def states(self) -> Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]:
+        """A dictionary like::
+
+           {CLIENT: <client state>, SERVER: <server state>}
+
+        See :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+
+        """
+        return dict(self._cstate.states)
+
+    @property
+    def our_state(self) -> Type[Sentinel]:
+        """The current state of whichever role we are playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.our_role]
+
+    @property
+    def their_state(self) -> Type[Sentinel]:
+        """The current state of whichever role we are NOT playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.their_role]
+
+    @property
+    def they_are_waiting_for_100_continue(self) -> bool:
+        return self.their_role is CLIENT and self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self) -> None:
+        """Attempt to reset our connection state for a new request/response
+        cycle.
+
+        If both client and server are in :data:`DONE` state, then resets them
+        both to :data:`IDLE` state in preparation for a new request/response
+        cycle on this same connection. Otherwise, raises a
+        :exc:`LocalProtocolError`.
+
+        See :ref:`keepalive-and-pipelining`.
+
+        """
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.start_next_cycle()
+        self._request_method = None
+        # self.their_http_version gets left alone, since it presumably lasts
+        # beyond a single request/response cycle
+        assert not self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _process_error(self, role: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.process_error(role)
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _server_switch_event(self, event: Event) -> Optional[Type[Sentinel]]:
+        if type(event) is InformationalResponse and event.status_code == 101:
+            return _SWITCH_UPGRADE
+        if type(event) is Response:
+            if (
+                _SWITCH_CONNECT in self._cstate.pending_switch_proposals
+                and 200 <= event.status_code < 300
+            ):
+                return _SWITCH_CONNECT
+        return None
+
+    # All events go through here
+    def _process_event(self, role: Type[Sentinel], event: Event) -> None:
+        # First, pass the event through the state machine to make sure it
+        # succeeds.
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) is Request:
+            if event.method == b"CONNECT":
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_CONNECT)
+            if get_comma_header(event.headers, b"upgrade"):
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+        server_switch_event = None
+        if role is SERVER:
+            server_switch_event = self._server_switch_event(event)
+        self._cstate.process_event(role, type(event), server_switch_event)
+
+        # Then perform the updates triggered by it.
+
+        if type(event) is Request:
+            self._request_method = event.method
+
+        if role is self.their_role and type(event) in (
+            Request,
+            Response,
+            InformationalResponse,
+        ):
+            event = cast(Union[Request, Response, InformationalResponse], event)
+            self.their_http_version = event.http_version
+
+        # Keep alive handling
+        #
+        # RFC 7230 doesn't really say what one should do if Connection: close
+        # shows up on a 1xx InformationalResponse. I think the idea is that
+        # this is not supposed to happen. In any case, if it does happen, we
+        # ignore it.
+        if type(event) in (Request, Response) and not _keep_alive(
+            cast(Union[Request, Response], event)
+        ):
+            self._cstate.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+
+        # 100-continue
+        if type(event) is Request and has_expect_100_continue(event):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = True
+        if type(event) in (InformationalResponse, Response):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) in (Data, EndOfMessage):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states, event)
+
+    def _get_io_object(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event: Optional[Event],
+        io_dict: Union[ReadersType, WritersType],
+    ) -> Optional[Callable[..., Any]]:
+        # event may be None; it's only used when entering SEND_BODY
+        state = self._cstate.states[role]
+        if state is SEND_BODY:
+            # Special case: the io_dict has a dict of reader/writer factories
+            # that depend on the request/response framing.
+            framing_type, args = _body_framing(
+                cast(bytes, self._request_method), cast(Union[Request, Response], event)
+            )
+            return io_dict[SEND_BODY][framing_type](*args)  # type: ignore[index]
+        else:
+            # General case: the io_dict just has the appropriate reader/writer
+            # for this state
+            return io_dict.get((role, state))  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    # This must be called after any action that might have caused
+    # self._cstate.states to change.
+    def _respond_to_state_changes(
+        self,
+        old_states: Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]],
+        event: Optional[Event] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Update reader/writer
+        if self.our_state != old_states[self.our_role]:
+            self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, event, WRITERS)
+        if self.their_state != old_states[self.their_role]:
+            self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, event, READERS)
+
+    @property
+    def trailing_data(self) -> Tuple[bytes, bool]:
+        """Data that has been received, but not yet processed, represented as
+        a tuple with two elements, where the first is a byte-string containing
+        the unprocessed data itself, and the second is a bool that is True if
+        the receive connection was closed.
+
+        See :ref:`switching-protocols` for discussion of why you'd want this.
+        """
+        return (bytes(self._receive_buffer), self._receive_buffer_closed)
+
+    def receive_data(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Add data to our internal receive buffer.
+
+        This does not actually do any processing on the data, just stores
+        it. To trigger processing, you have to call :meth:`next_event`.
+
+        Args:
+            data (:term:`bytes-like object`):
+                The new data that was just received.
+
+                Special case: If *data* is an empty byte-string like ``b""``,
+                then this indicates that the remote side has closed the
+                connection (end of file). Normally this is convenient, because
+                standard Python APIs like :meth:`file.read` or
+                :meth:`socket.recv` use ``b""`` to indicate end-of-file, while
+                other failures to read are indicated using other mechanisms
+                like raising :exc:`TimeoutError`. When using such an API you
+                can just blindly pass through whatever you get from ``read``
+                to :meth:`receive_data`, and everything will work.
+
+                But, if you have an API where reading an empty string is a
+                valid non-EOF condition, then you need to be aware of this and
+                make sure to check for such strings and avoid passing them to
+                :meth:`receive_data`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing, but after calling this you should call :meth:`next_event`
+            to parse the newly received data.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError:
+                Raised if you pass an empty *data*, indicating EOF, and then
+                pass a non-empty *data*, indicating more data that somehow
+                arrived after the EOF.
+
+                (Calling ``receive_data(b"")`` multiple times is fine,
+                and equivalent to calling it once.)
+
+        """
+        if data:
+            if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                raise RuntimeError("received close, then received more data?")
+            self._receive_buffer += data
+        else:
+            self._receive_buffer_closed = True
+
+    def _extract_next_receive_event(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union[Event, Type[NEED_DATA], Type[PAUSED]]:
+        state = self.their_state
+        # We don't pause immediately when they enter DONE, because even in
+        # DONE state we can still process a ConnectionClosed() event. But
+        # if we have data in our buffer, then we definitely aren't getting
+        # a ConnectionClosed() immediately and we need to pause.
+        if state is DONE and self._receive_buffer:
+            return PAUSED
+        if state is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL or state is SWITCHED_PROTOCOL:
+            return PAUSED
+        assert self._reader is not None
+        event = self._reader(self._receive_buffer)
+        if event is None:
+            if not self._receive_buffer and self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                # In some unusual cases (basically just HTTP/1.0 bodies), EOF
+                # triggers an actual protocol event; in that case, we want to
+                # return that event, and then the state will change and we'll
+                # get called again to generate the actual ConnectionClosed().
+                if hasattr(self._reader, "read_eof"):
+                    event = self._reader.read_eof()
+                else:
+                    event = ConnectionClosed()
+        if event is None:
+            event = NEED_DATA
+        return event  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def next_event(self) -> Union[Event, Type[NEED_DATA], Type[PAUSED]]:
+        """Parse the next event out of our receive buffer, update our internal
+        state, and return it.
+
+        This is a mutating operation -- think of it like calling :func:`next`
+        on an iterator.
+
+        Returns:
+            : One of three things:
+
+            1) An event object -- see :ref:`events`.
+
+            2) The special constant :data:`NEED_DATA`, which indicates that
+               you need to read more data from your socket and pass it to
+               :meth:`receive_data` before this method will be able to return
+               any more events.
+
+            3) The special constant :data:`PAUSED`, which indicates that we
+               are not in a state where we can process incoming data (usually
+               because the peer has finished their part of the current
+               request/response cycle, and you have not yet called
+               :meth:`start_next_cycle`). See :ref:`flow-control` for details.
+
+        Raises:
+            RemoteProtocolError:
+                The peer has misbehaved. You should close the connection
+                (possibly after sending some kind of 4xx response).
+
+        Once this method returns :class:`ConnectionClosed` once, then all
+        subsequent calls will also return :class:`ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        If this method raises any exception besides :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`
+        then that's a bug -- if it happens please file a bug report!
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.their_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+
+        if self.their_state is ERROR:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError("Can't receive data when peer state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            event = self._extract_next_receive_event()
+            if event not in [NEED_DATA, PAUSED]:
+                self._process_event(self.their_role, cast(Event, event))
+            if event is NEED_DATA:
+                if len(self._receive_buffer) > self._max_incomplete_event_size:
+                    # 431 is "Request header fields too large" which is pretty
+                    # much the only situation where we can get here
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                        "Receive buffer too long", error_status_hint=431
+                    )
+                if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                    # We're still trying to complete some event, but that's
+                    # never going to happen because no more data is coming
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError("peer unexpectedly closed connection")
+            return event
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._process_error(self.their_role)
+            if isinstance(exc, LocalProtocolError):
+                exc._reraise_as_remote_protocol_error()
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    @overload
+    def send(self, event: ConnectionClosed) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def send(
+        self, event: Union[Request, InformationalResponse, Response, Data, EndOfMessage]
+    ) -> bytes:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def send(self, event: Event) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        ...
+
+    def send(self, event: Event) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        """Convert a high-level event into bytes that can be sent to the peer,
+        while updating our internal state machine.
+
+        Args:
+            event: The :ref:`event <events>` to send.
+
+        Returns:
+            If ``type(event) is ConnectionClosed``, then returns
+            ``None``. Otherwise, returns a :term:`bytes-like object`.
+
+        Raises:
+            LocalProtocolError:
+                Sending this event at this time would violate our
+                understanding of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.our_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        data_list = self.send_with_data_passthrough(event)
+        if data_list is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return b"".join(data_list)
+
+    def send_with_data_passthrough(self, event: Event) -> Optional[List[bytes]]:
+        """Identical to :meth:`send`, except that in situations where
+        :meth:`send` returns a single :term:`bytes-like object`, this instead
+        returns a list of them -- and when sending a :class:`Data` event, this
+        list is guaranteed to contain the exact object you passed in as
+        :attr:`Data.data`. See :ref:`sendfile` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        if self.our_state is ERROR:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Can't send data when our state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            if type(event) is Response:
+                event = self._clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(event)
+            # We want to call _process_event before calling the writer,
+            # because if someone tries to do something invalid then this will
+            # give a sensible error message, while our writers all just assume
+            # they will only receive valid events. But, _process_event might
+            # change self._writer. So we have to do a little dance:
+            writer = self._writer
+            self._process_event(self.our_role, event)
+            if type(event) is ConnectionClosed:
+                return None
+            else:
+                # In any situation where writer is None, process_event should
+                # have raised ProtocolError
+                assert writer is not None
+                data_list: List[bytes] = []
+                writer(event, data_list.append)
+                return data_list
+        except:
+            self._process_error(self.our_role)
+            raise
+
+    def send_failed(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the state machine that we failed to send the data it gave
+        us.
+
+        This causes :attr:`Connection.our_state` to immediately become
+        :data:`ERROR` -- see :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        self._process_error(self.our_role)
+
+    # When sending a Response, we take responsibility for a few things:
+    #
+    # - Sometimes you MUST set Connection: close. We take care of those
+    #   times. (You can also set it yourself if you want, and if you do then
+    #   we'll respect that and close the connection at the right time. But you
+    #   don't have to worry about that unless you want to.)
+    #
+    # - The user has to set Content-Length if they want it. Otherwise, for
+    #   responses that have bodies (e.g. not HEAD), then we will automatically
+    #   select the right mechanism for streaming a body of unknown length,
+    #   which depends on depending on the peer's HTTP version.
+    #
+    # This function's *only* responsibility is making sure headers are set up
+    # right -- everything downstream just looks at the headers. There are no
+    # side channels.
+    def _clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(self, response: Response) -> Response:
+        assert type(response) is Response
+
+        headers = response.headers
+        need_close = False
+
+        # HEAD requests need some special handling: they always act like they
+        # have Content-Length: 0, and that's how _body_framing treats
+        # them. But their headers are supposed to match what we would send if
+        # the request was a GET. (Technically there is one deviation allowed:
+        # we're allowed to leave out the framing headers -- see
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.2 . But it's just as
+        # easy to get them right.)
+        method_for_choosing_headers = cast(bytes, self._request_method)
+        if method_for_choosing_headers == b"HEAD":
+            method_for_choosing_headers = b"GET"
+        framing_type, _ = _body_framing(method_for_choosing_headers, response)
+        if framing_type in ("chunked", "http/1.0"):
+            # This response has a body of unknown length.
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.1, we use Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.0, we use no framing headers, and close the
+            # connection afterwards.
+            #
+            # Make sure to clear Content-Length (in principle user could have
+            # set both and then we ignored Content-Length b/c
+            # Transfer-Encoding overwrote it -- this would be naughty of them,
+            # but the HTTP spec says that if our peer does this then we have
+            # to fix it instead of erroring out, so we'll accord the user the
+            # same respect).
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"content-length", [])
+            if self.their_http_version is None or self.their_http_version < b"1.1":
+                # Either we never got a valid request and are sending back an
+                # error (their_http_version is None), so we assume the worst;
+                # or else we did get a valid HTTP/1.0 request, so we know that
+                # they don't understand chunked encoding.
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [])
+                # This is actually redundant ATM, since currently we
+                # unconditionally disable keep-alive when talking to HTTP/1.0
+                # peers. But let's be defensive just in case we add
+                # Connection: keep-alive support later:
+                if self._request_method != b"HEAD":
+                    need_close = True
+            else:
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [b"chunked"])
+
+        if not self._cstate.keep_alive or need_close:
+            # Make sure Connection: close is set
+            connection = set(get_comma_header(headers, b"connection"))
+            connection.discard(b"keep-alive")
+            connection.add(b"close")
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"connection", sorted(connection))
+
+        return Response(
+            headers=headers,
+            status_code=response.status_code,
+            http_version=response.http_version,
+            reason=response.reason,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_events.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca1c3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# High level events that make up HTTP/1.1 conversations. Loosely inspired by
+# the corresponding events in hyper-h2:
+#
+#     http://python-hyper.org/h2/en/stable/api.html#events
+#
+# Don't subclass these. Stuff will break.
+
+import re
+from abc import ABC
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._abnf import method, request_target
+from ._headers import Headers, normalize_and_validate
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "Event",
+    "Request",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Response",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+]
+
+method_re = re.compile(method.encode("ascii"))
+request_target_re = re.compile(request_target.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Event(ABC):
+    """
+    Base class for h11 events.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Request(Event):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP request.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: method
+
+       An HTTP method, e.g. ``b"GET"`` or ``b"POST"``. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: target
+
+       The target of an HTTP request, e.g. ``b"/index.html"``, or one of the
+       more exotic formats described in `RFC 7320, section 5.3
+       <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.3>`_. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("method", "headers", "target", "http_version")
+
+    method: bytes
+    headers: Headers
+    target: bytes
+    http_version: bytes
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        method: Union[bytes, str],
+        headers: Union[Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]]],
+        target: Union[bytes, str],
+        http_version: Union[bytes, str] = b"1.1",
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "headers", normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+            )
+        if not _parsed:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "method", bytesify(method))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "target", bytesify(target))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", bytesify(http_version))
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "method", method)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "target", target)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", http_version)
+
+        # "A server MUST respond with a 400 (Bad Request) status code to any
+        # HTTP/1.1 request message that lacks a Host header field and to any
+        # request message that contains more than one Host header field or a
+        # Host header field with an invalid field-value."
+        # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.4
+        host_count = 0
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"host":
+                host_count += 1
+        if self.http_version == b"1.1" and host_count == 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing mandatory Host: header")
+        if host_count > 1:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Found multiple Host: headers")
+
+        validate(method_re, self.method, "Illegal method characters")
+        validate(request_target_re, self.target, "Illegal target characters")
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class _ResponseBase(Event):
+    __slots__ = ("headers", "http_version", "reason", "status_code")
+
+    headers: Headers
+    http_version: bytes
+    reason: bytes
+    status_code: int
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headers: Union[Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]]],
+        status_code: int,
+        http_version: Union[bytes, str] = b"1.1",
+        reason: Union[bytes, str] = b"",
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "headers", normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+            )
+        if not _parsed:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "reason", bytesify(reason))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", bytesify(http_version))
+            if not isinstance(status_code, int):
+                raise LocalProtocolError("status code must be integer")
+            # Because IntEnum objects are instances of int, but aren't
+            # duck-compatible (sigh), see gh-72.
+            object.__setattr__(self, "status_code", int(status_code))
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "reason", reason)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", http_version)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "status_code", status_code)
+
+        self.__post_init__()
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class InformationalResponse(_ResponseBase):
+    """An HTTP informational response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`InformationalResponse`, this is always in the range [100,
+       200).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for
+       details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if not (100 <= self.status_code < 200):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "InformationalResponse status_code should be in range "
+                "[100, 200), not {}".format(self.status_code)
+            )
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Response(_ResponseBase):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`Response`, this is always in the range [200,
+       1000).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if not (200 <= self.status_code < 1000):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "Response status_code should be in range [200, 1000), not {}".format(
+                    self.status_code
+                )
+            )
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Data(Event):
+    """Part of an HTTP message body.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: data
+
+       A :term:`bytes-like object` containing part of a message body. Or, if
+       using the ``combine=False`` argument to :meth:`Connection.send`, then
+       any object that your socket writing code knows what to do with, and for
+       which calling :func:`len` returns the number of bytes that will be
+       written -- see :ref:`sendfile` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_start
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is from the start of a
+       chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when a Data
+       event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid on
+       events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_end
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is the last for a
+       given chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when
+       a Data event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid
+       on events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("data", "chunk_start", "chunk_end")
+
+    data: bytes
+    chunk_start: bool
+    chunk_end: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, data: bytes, chunk_start: bool = False, chunk_end: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, "data", data)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "chunk_start", chunk_start)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "chunk_end", chunk_end)
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+# XX FIXME: "A recipient MUST ignore (or consider as an error) any fields that
+# are forbidden to be sent in a trailer, since processing them as if they were
+# present in the header section might bypass external security filters."
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#chunked.trailer.part
+# Unfortunately, the list of forbidden fields is long and vague :-/
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class EndOfMessage(Event):
+    """The end of an HTTP message.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Default value: ``[]``
+
+       Any trailing headers attached to this message, represented as a list of
+       (name, value) pairs. See :ref:`the header normalization rules
+       <headers-format>` for details.
+
+       Must be empty unless ``Transfer-Encoding: chunked`` is in use.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("headers",)
+
+    headers: Headers
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headers: Union[
+            Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]], None
+        ] = None,
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = Headers([])
+        elif not isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            headers = normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+
+        object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConnectionClosed(Event):
+    """This event indicates that the sender has closed their outgoing
+    connection.
+
+    Note that this does not necessarily mean that they can't *receive* further
+    data, because TCP connections are composed to two one-way channels which
+    can be closed independently. See :ref:`closing` for details.
+
+    No fields.
+    """
+
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_headers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31da3e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+import re
+from typing import AnyStr, cast, List, overload, Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+from ._abnf import field_name, field_value
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._events import Request
+
+try:
+    from typing import Literal
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal  # type: ignore
+
+CONTENT_LENGTH_MAX_DIGITS = 20  # allow up to 1 billion TB - 1
+
+
+# Facts
+# -----
+#
+# Headers are:
+#   keys: case-insensitive ascii
+#   values: mixture of ascii and raw bytes
+#
+# "Historically, HTTP has allowed field content with text in the ISO-8859-1
+# charset [ISO-8859-1], supporting other charsets only through use of
+# [RFC2047] encoding.  In practice, most HTTP header field values use only a
+# subset of the US-ASCII charset [USASCII]. Newly defined header fields SHOULD
+# limit their field values to US-ASCII octets.  A recipient SHOULD treat other
+# octets in field content (obs-text) as opaque data."
+# And it deprecates all non-ascii values
+#
+# Leading/trailing whitespace in header names is forbidden
+#
+# Values get leading/trailing whitespace stripped
+#
+# Content-Disposition actually needs to contain unicode semantically; to
+# accomplish this it has a terrifically weird way of encoding the filename
+# itself as ascii (and even this still has lots of cross-browser
+# incompatibilities)
+#
+# Order is important:
+# "a proxy MUST NOT change the order of these field values when forwarding a
+# message"
+# (and there are several headers where the order indicates a preference)
+#
+# Multiple occurences of the same header:
+# "A sender MUST NOT generate multiple header fields with the same field name
+# in a message unless either the entire field value for that header field is
+# defined as a comma-separated list [or the header is Set-Cookie which gets a
+# special exception]" - RFC 7230. (cookies are in RFC 6265)
+#
+# So every header aside from Set-Cookie can be merged by b", ".join if it
+# occurs repeatedly. But, of course, they can't necessarily be split by
+# .split(b","), because quoting.
+#
+# Given all this mess (case insensitive, duplicates allowed, order is
+# important, ...), there doesn't appear to be any standard way to handle
+# headers in Python -- they're almost like dicts, but... actually just
+# aren't. For now we punt and just use a super simple representation: headers
+# are a list of pairs
+#
+#   [(name1, value1), (name2, value2), ...]
+#
+# where all entries are bytestrings, names are lowercase and have no
+# leading/trailing whitespace, and values are bytestrings with no
+# leading/trailing whitespace. Searching and updating are done via naive O(n)
+# methods.
+#
+# Maybe a dict-of-lists would be better?
+
+_content_length_re = re.compile(rb"[0-9]+")
+_field_name_re = re.compile(field_name.encode("ascii"))
+_field_value_re = re.compile(field_value.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Headers(Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]):
+    """
+    A list-like interface that allows iterating over headers as byte-pairs
+    of (lowercased-name, value).
+
+    Internally we actually store the representation as three-tuples,
+    including both the raw original casing, in order to preserve casing
+    over-the-wire, and the lowercased name, for case-insensitive comparisions.
+
+    r = Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "example.org"), ("Connection", "keep-alive")],
+        http_version="1.1",
+    )
+    assert r.headers == [
+        (b"host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    assert r.headers.raw_items() == [
+        (b"Host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"Connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_full_items"
+
+    def __init__(self, full_items: List[Tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]]) -> None:
+        self._full_items = full_items
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._full_items)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return list(self) == list(other)  # type: ignore
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._full_items)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<Headers(%s)>" % repr(list(self))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        _, name, value = self._full_items[idx]
+        return (name, value)
+
+    def raw_items(self) -> List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return [(raw_name, value) for raw_name, _, value in self._full_items]
+
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+    List[Tuple[bytes, str]],
+    List[Tuple[str, bytes]],
+    List[Tuple[str, str]],
+]
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(headers: Headers, _parsed: Literal[True]) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(headers: HeaderTypes, _parsed: Literal[False]) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(
+    headers: Union[Headers, HeaderTypes], _parsed: bool = False
+) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+def normalize_and_validate(
+    headers: Union[Headers, HeaderTypes], _parsed: bool = False
+) -> Headers:
+    new_headers = []
+    seen_content_length = None
+    saw_transfer_encoding = False
+    for name, value in headers:
+        # For headers coming out of the parser, we can safely skip some steps,
+        # because it always returns bytes and has already run these regexes
+        # over the data:
+        if not _parsed:
+            name = bytesify(name)
+            value = bytesify(value)
+            validate(_field_name_re, name, "Illegal header name {!r}", name)
+            validate(_field_value_re, value, "Illegal header value {!r}", value)
+        assert isinstance(name, bytes)
+        assert isinstance(value, bytes)
+
+        raw_name = name
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == b"content-length":
+            lengths = {length.strip() for length in value.split(b",")}
+            if len(lengths) != 1:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+            value = lengths.pop()
+            validate(_content_length_re, value, "bad Content-Length")
+            if len(value) > CONTENT_LENGTH_MAX_DIGITS:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("bad Content-Length")
+            if seen_content_length is None:
+                seen_content_length = value
+                new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+            elif seen_content_length != value:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+        elif name == b"transfer-encoding":
+            # "A server that receives a request message with a transfer coding
+            # it does not understand SHOULD respond with 501 (Not
+            # Implemented)."
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.1
+            if saw_transfer_encoding:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "multiple Transfer-Encoding headers", error_status_hint=501
+                )
+            # "All transfer-coding names are case-insensitive"
+            # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value != b"chunked":
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Only Transfer-Encoding: chunked is supported",
+                    error_status_hint=501,
+                )
+            saw_transfer_encoding = True
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+        else:
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+    return Headers(new_headers)
+
+
+def get_comma_header(headers: Headers, name: bytes) -> List[bytes]:
+    # Should only be used for headers whose value is a list of
+    # comma-separated, case-insensitive values.
+    #
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Connection: meets these criteria (including cast insensitivity).
+    #
+    # Content-Length: technically is just a single value (1*DIGIT), but the
+    # standard makes reference to implementations that do multiple values, and
+    # using this doesn't hurt. Ditto, case insensitivity doesn't things either
+    # way.
+    #
+    # Transfer-Encoding: is more complex (allows for quoted strings), so
+    # splitting on , is actually wrong. For example, this is legal:
+    #
+    #    Transfer-Encoding: foo; options="1,2", chunked
+    #
+    # and should be parsed as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1,2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # but this naive function will parse it as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1
+    #    2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # However, this is okay because the only thing we are going to do with
+    # any Transfer-Encoding is reject ones that aren't just "chunked", so
+    # both of these will be treated the same anyway.
+    #
+    # Expect: the only legal value is the literal string
+    # "100-continue". Splitting on commas is harmless. Case insensitive.
+    #
+    out: List[bytes] = []
+    for _, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name == name:
+            found_raw_value = found_raw_value.lower()
+            for found_split_value in found_raw_value.split(b","):
+                found_split_value = found_split_value.strip()
+                if found_split_value:
+                    out.append(found_split_value)
+    return out
+
+
+def set_comma_header(headers: Headers, name: bytes, new_values: List[bytes]) -> Headers:
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Note that when we store the header we use title casing for the header
+    # names, in order to match the conventional HTTP header style.
+    #
+    # Simply calling `.title()` is a blunt approach, but it's correct
+    # here given the cases where we're using `set_comma_header`...
+    #
+    # Connection, Content-Length, Transfer-Encoding.
+    new_headers: List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+    for found_raw_name, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name != name:
+            new_headers.append((found_raw_name, found_raw_value))
+    for new_value in new_values:
+        new_headers.append((name.title(), new_value))
+    return normalize_and_validate(new_headers)
+
+
+def has_expect_100_continue(request: "Request") -> bool:
+    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.1.1
+    # "A server that receives a 100-continue expectation in an HTTP/1.0 request
+    # MUST ignore that expectation."
+    if request.http_version < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    expect = get_comma_header(request.headers, b"expect")
+    return b"100-continue" in expect
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_readers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_readers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..576804c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_readers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each reader is a callable which takes a ReceiveBuffer object, and
+# either:
+# 1) consumes some of it and returns an Event
+# 2) raises a LocalProtocolError (for consistency -- e.g. we call validate()
+#    and it might raise a LocalProtocolError, so simpler just to always use
+#    this)
+# 3) returns None, meaning "I need more data"
+#
+# If they have a .read_eof attribute, then this will be called if an EOF is
+# received -- but this is optional. Either way, the actual ConnectionClosed
+# event will be generated afterwards.
+#
+# READERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a reader
+# - or, for body readers, a dict of per-framing reader factories
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, NoReturn, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._abnf import chunk_header, header_field, request_line, status_line
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage, InformationalResponse, Request, Response
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import (
+    CLIENT,
+    CLOSED,
+    DONE,
+    IDLE,
+    MUST_CLOSE,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SEND_RESPONSE,
+    SERVER,
+)
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError, Sentinel, validate
+
+__all__ = ["READERS"]
+
+header_field_re = re.compile(header_field.encode("ascii"))
+obs_fold_re = re.compile(rb"[ \t]+")
+
+
+def _obsolete_line_fold(lines: Iterable[bytes]) -> Iterable[bytes]:
+    it = iter(lines)
+    last: Optional[bytes] = None
+    for line in it:
+        match = obs_fold_re.match(line)
+        if match:
+            if last is None:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("continuation line at start of headers")
+            if not isinstance(last, bytearray):
+                # Cast to a mutable type, avoiding copy on append to ensure O(n) time
+                last = bytearray(last)
+            last += b" "
+            last += line[match.end() :]
+        else:
+            if last is not None:
+                yield last
+            last = line
+    if last is not None:
+        yield last
+
+
+def _decode_header_lines(
+    lines: Iterable[bytes],
+) -> Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    for line in _obsolete_line_fold(lines):
+        matches = validate(header_field_re, line, "illegal header line: {!r}", line)
+        yield (matches["field_name"], matches["field_value"])
+
+
+request_line_re = re.compile(request_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_IDLE_client(buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Optional[Request]:
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no request line received")
+    matches = validate(
+        request_line_re, lines[0], "illegal request line: {!r}", lines[0]
+    )
+    return Request(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])), _parsed=True, **matches
+    )
+
+
+status_line_re = re.compile(status_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server(
+    buf: ReceiveBuffer,
+) -> Union[InformationalResponse, Response, None]:
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no response line received")
+    matches = validate(status_line_re, lines[0], "illegal status line: {!r}", lines[0])
+    http_version = (
+        b"1.1" if matches["http_version"] is None else matches["http_version"]
+    )
+    reason = b"" if matches["reason"] is None else matches["reason"]
+    status_code = int(matches["status_code"])
+    class_: Union[Type[InformationalResponse], Type[Response]] = (
+        InformationalResponse if status_code < 200 else Response
+    )
+    return class_(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])),
+        _parsed=True,
+        status_code=status_code,
+        reason=reason,
+        http_version=http_version,
+    )
+
+
+class ContentLengthReader:
+    def __init__(self, length: int) -> None:
+        self._length = length
+        self._remaining = length
+
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Union[Data, EndOfMessage, None]:
+        if self._remaining == 0:
+            return EndOfMessage()
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._remaining)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._remaining -= len(data)
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> NoReturn:
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(received {} bytes, expected {})".format(
+                self._length - self._remaining, self._length
+            )
+        )
+
+
+chunk_header_re = re.compile(chunk_header.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class ChunkedReader:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._bytes_in_chunk = 0
+        # After reading a chunk, we have to throw away the trailing \r\n.
+        # This tracks the bytes that we need to match and throw away.
+        self._bytes_to_discard = b""
+        self._reading_trailer = False
+
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Union[Data, EndOfMessage, None]:
+        if self._reading_trailer:
+            lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+            if lines is None:
+                return None
+            return EndOfMessage(headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines)))
+        if self._bytes_to_discard:
+            data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(len(self._bytes_to_discard))
+            if data is None:
+                return None
+            if data != self._bytes_to_discard[: len(data)]:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    f"malformed chunk footer: {data!r} (expected {self._bytes_to_discard!r})"
+                )
+            self._bytes_to_discard = self._bytes_to_discard[len(data) :]
+            if self._bytes_to_discard:
+                return None
+            # else, fall through and read some more
+        assert self._bytes_to_discard == b""
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            # We need to refill our chunk count
+            chunk_header = buf.maybe_extract_next_line()
+            if chunk_header is None:
+                return None
+            matches = validate(
+                chunk_header_re,
+                chunk_header,
+                "illegal chunk header: {!r}",
+                chunk_header,
+            )
+            # XX FIXME: we discard chunk extensions. Does anyone care?
+            self._bytes_in_chunk = int(matches["chunk_size"], base=16)
+            if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+                self._reading_trailer = True
+                return self(buf)
+            chunk_start = True
+        else:
+            chunk_start = False
+        assert self._bytes_in_chunk > 0
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._bytes_in_chunk)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._bytes_in_chunk -= len(data)
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            self._bytes_to_discard = b"\r\n"
+            chunk_end = True
+        else:
+            chunk_end = False
+        return Data(data=data, chunk_start=chunk_start, chunk_end=chunk_end)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> NoReturn:
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(incomplete chunked read)"
+        )
+
+
+class Http10Reader:
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Optional[Data]:
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(999999999)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> EndOfMessage:
+        return EndOfMessage()
+
+
+def expect_nothing(buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> None:
+    if buf:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("Got data when expecting EOF")
+    return None
+
+
+ReadersType = Dict[
+    Union[Type[Sentinel], Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]],
+    Union[Callable[..., Any], Dict[str, Callable[..., Any]]],
+]
+
+READERS: ReadersType = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): maybe_read_from_IDLE_client,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (CLIENT, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedReader,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthReader,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Reader,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5c4e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+__all__ = ["ReceiveBuffer"]
+
+
+# Operations we want to support:
+# - find next \r\n or \r\n\r\n (\n or \n\n are also acceptable),
+#   or wait until there is one
+# - read at-most-N bytes
+# Goals:
+# - on average, do this fast
+# - worst case, do this in O(n) where n is the number of bytes processed
+# Plan:
+# - store bytearray, offset, how far we've searched for a separator token
+# - use the how-far-we've-searched data to avoid rescanning
+# - while doing a stream of uninterrupted processing, advance offset instead
+#   of constantly copying
+# WARNING:
+# - I haven't benchmarked or profiled any of this yet.
+#
+# Note that starting in Python 3.4, deleting the initial n bytes from a
+# bytearray is amortized O(n), thanks to some excellent work by Antoine
+# Martin:
+#
+#     https://bugs.python.org/issue19087
+#
+# This means that if we only supported 3.4+, we could get rid of the code here
+# involving self._start and self.compress, because it's doing exactly the same
+# thing that bytearray now does internally.
+#
+# BUT unfortunately, we still support 2.7, and reading short segments out of a
+# long buffer MUST be O(bytes read) to avoid DoS issues, so we can't actually
+# delete this code. Yet:
+#
+#     https://pythonclock.org/
+#
+# (Two things to double-check first though: make sure PyPy also has the
+# optimization, and benchmark to make sure it's a win, since we do have a
+# slightly clever thing where we delay calling compress() until we've
+# processed a whole event, which could in theory be slightly more efficient
+# than the internal bytearray support.)
+blank_line_regex = re.compile(b"\n\r?\n", re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+class ReceiveBuffer:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._data = bytearray()
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+    def __iadd__(self, byteslike: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> "ReceiveBuffer":
+        self._data += byteslike
+        return self
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(len(self))
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    # for @property unprocessed_data
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self._data)
+
+    def _extract(self, count: int) -> bytearray:
+        # extracting an initial slice of the data buffer and return it
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        del self._data[:count]
+
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+        return out
+
+    def maybe_extract_at_most(self, count: int) -> Optional[bytearray]:
+        """
+        Extract a fixed number of bytes from the buffer.
+        """
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        if not out:
+            return None
+
+        return self._extract(count)
+
+    def maybe_extract_next_line(self) -> Optional[bytearray]:
+        """
+        Extract the first line, if it is completed in the buffer.
+        """
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        search_start_index = max(0, self._next_line_search - 1)
+        partial_idx = self._data.find(b"\r\n", search_start_index)
+
+        if partial_idx == -1:
+            self._next_line_search = len(self._data)
+            return None
+
+        # + 2 is to compensate len(b"\r\n")
+        idx = partial_idx + 2
+
+        return self._extract(idx)
+
+    def maybe_extract_lines(self) -> Optional[List[bytearray]]:
+        """
+        Extract everything up to the first blank line, and return a list of lines.
+        """
+        # Handle the case where we have an immediate empty line.
+        if self._data[:1] == b"\n":
+            self._extract(1)
+            return []
+
+        if self._data[:2] == b"\r\n":
+            self._extract(2)
+            return []
+
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        match = blank_line_regex.search(self._data, self._multiple_lines_search)
+        if match is None:
+            self._multiple_lines_search = max(0, len(self._data) - 2)
+            return None
+
+        # Truncate the buffer and return it.
+        idx = match.span(0)[-1]
+        out = self._extract(idx)
+        lines = out.split(b"\n")
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.endswith(b"\r"):
+                del line[-1]
+
+        assert lines[-2] == lines[-1] == b""
+
+        del lines[-2:]
+
+        return lines
+
+    # In theory we should wait until `\r\n` before starting to validate
+    # incoming data. However it's interesting to detect (very) invalid data
+    # early given they might not even contain `\r\n` at all (hence only
+    # timeout will get rid of them).
+    # This is not a 100% effective detection but more of a cheap sanity check
+    # allowing for early abort in some useful cases.
+    # This is especially interesting when peer is messing up with HTTPS and
+    # sent us a TLS stream where we were expecting plain HTTP given all
+    # versions of TLS so far start handshake with a 0x16 message type code.
+    def is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # HTTP header line must not contain non-printable characters
+            # and should not start with a space
+            return self._data[0] < 0x21
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_state.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_state.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad444b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+################################################################
+# The core state machine
+################################################################
+#
+# Rule 1: everything that affects the state machine and state transitions must
+# live here in this file. As much as possible goes into the table-based
+# representation, but for the bits that don't quite fit, the actual code and
+# state must nonetheless live here.
+#
+# Rule 2: this file does not know about what role we're playing; it only knows
+# about HTTP request/response cycles in the abstract. This ensures that we
+# don't cheat and apply different rules to local and remote parties.
+#
+#
+# Theory of operation
+# ===================
+#
+# Possibly the simplest way to think about this is that we actually have 5
+# different state machines here. Yes, 5. These are:
+#
+# 1) The client state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 2) The server state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 3) The keep-alive state, with possible states {True, False}
+# 4) The SWITCH_CONNECT state, with possible states {False, True}
+# 5) The SWITCH_UPGRADE state, with possible states {False, True}
+#
+# For (3)-(5), the first state listed is the initial state.
+#
+# (1)-(3) are stored explicitly in member variables. The last
+# two are stored implicitly in the pending_switch_proposals set as:
+#   (state of 4) == (_SWITCH_CONNECT in pending_switch_proposals)
+#   (state of 5) == (_SWITCH_UPGRADE in pending_switch_proposals)
+#
+# And each of these machines has two different kinds of transitions:
+#
+# a) Event-triggered
+# b) State-triggered
+#
+# Event triggered is the obvious thing that you'd think it is: some event
+# happens, and if it's the right event at the right time then a transition
+# happens. But there are somewhat complicated rules for which machines can
+# "see" which events. (As a rule of thumb, if a machine "sees" an event, this
+# means two things: the event can affect the machine, and if the machine is
+# not in a state where it expects that event then it's an error.) These rules
+# are:
+#
+# 1) The client machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the client.
+#
+# 2) The server machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the server.
+#
+#    It also sees the client's Request event.
+#
+#    And sometimes, server events are annotated with a _SWITCH_* event. For
+#    example, we can have a (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT) event, which is
+#    different from a regular Response event.
+#
+# 3) The keep-alive machine sees the process_keep_alive_disabled() event
+#    (which is derived from Request/Response events), and this event
+#    transitions it from True -> False, or from False -> False. There's no way
+#    to transition back.
+#
+# 4&5) The _SWITCH_* machines transition from False->True when we get a
+#    Request that proposes the relevant type of switch (via
+#    process_client_switch_proposals), and they go from True->False when we
+#    get a Response that has no _SWITCH_* annotation.
+#
+# So that's event-triggered transitions.
+#
+# State-triggered transitions are less standard. What they do here is couple
+# the machines together. The way this works is, when certain *joint*
+# configurations of states are achieved, then we automatically transition to a
+# new *joint* state. So, for example, if we're ever in a joint state with
+#
+#   client: DONE
+#   keep-alive: False
+#
+# then the client state immediately transitions to:
+#
+#   client: MUST_CLOSE
+#
+# This is fundamentally different from an event-based transition, because it
+# doesn't matter how we arrived at the {client: DONE, keep-alive: False} state
+# -- maybe the client transitioned SEND_BODY -> DONE, or keep-alive
+# transitioned True -> False. Either way, once this precondition is satisfied,
+# this transition is immediately triggered.
+#
+# What if two conflicting state-based transitions get enabled at the same
+# time?  In practice there's only one case where this arises (client DONE ->
+# MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL versus DONE -> MUST_CLOSE), and we resolve it by
+# explicitly prioritizing the DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL transition.
+#
+# Implementation
+# --------------
+#
+# The event-triggered transitions for the server and client machines are all
+# stored explicitly in a table. Ditto for the state-triggered transitions that
+# involve just the server and client state.
+#
+# The transitions for the other machines, and the state-triggered transitions
+# that involve the other machines, are written out as explicit Python code.
+#
+# It'd be nice if there were some cleaner way to do all this. This isn't
+# *too* terrible, but I feel like it could probably be better.
+#
+# WARNING
+# -------
+#
+# The script that generates the state machine diagrams for the docs knows how
+# to read out the EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS and STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS
+# tables. But it can't automatically read the transitions that are written
+# directly in Python code. So if you touch those, you need to also update the
+# script to keep it in sync!
+from typing import cast, Dict, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._events import *
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, Sentinel
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "CLIENT",
+    "SERVER",
+    "IDLE",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "DONE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ERROR",
+]
+
+
+class CLIENT(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SERVER(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# States
+class IDLE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SEND_RESPONSE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SEND_BODY(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class DONE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class MUST_CLOSE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class CLOSED(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class ERROR(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# Switch types
+class MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SWITCHED_PROTOCOL(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SWITCH_UPGRADE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SWITCH_CONNECT(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+EventTransitionType = Dict[
+    Type[Sentinel],
+    Dict[
+        Type[Sentinel],
+        Dict[Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]], Type[Sentinel]],
+    ],
+]
+
+EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS: EventTransitionType = {
+    CLIENT: {
+        IDLE: {Request: SEND_BODY, ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL: {},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+    SERVER: {
+        IDLE: {
+            ConnectionClosed: CLOSED,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            # Special case: server sees client Request events, in this form
+            (Request, CLIENT): SEND_RESPONSE,
+        },
+        SEND_RESPONSE: {
+            InformationalResponse: SEND_RESPONSE,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            (InformationalResponse, _SWITCH_UPGRADE): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+            (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+        },
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+}
+
+StateTransitionType = Dict[
+    Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]], Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]
+]
+
+# NB: there are also some special-case state-triggered transitions hard-coded
+# into _fire_state_triggered_transitions below.
+STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS: StateTransitionType = {
+    # (Client state, Server state) -> new states
+    # Protocol negotiation
+    (MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SWITCHED_PROTOCOL): {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL},
+    # Socket shutdown
+    (CLOSED, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (CLOSED, IDLE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (ERROR, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (IDLE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, ERROR): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+}
+
+
+class ConnectionState:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Extra bits of state that don't quite fit into the state model.
+
+        # If this is False then it enables the automatic DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+        # transition. Don't set this directly; call .keep_alive_disabled()
+        self.keep_alive = True
+
+        # This is a subset of {UPGRADE, CONNECT}, containing the proposals
+        # made by the client for switching protocols.
+        self.pending_switch_proposals: Set[Type[Sentinel]] = set()
+
+        self.states: Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]] = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+    def process_error(self, role: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        self.states[role] = ERROR
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_keep_alive_disabled(self) -> None:
+        self.keep_alive = False
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_client_switch_proposal(self, switch_event: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        self.pending_switch_proposals.add(switch_event)
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_event(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event_type: Type[Event],
+        server_switch_event: Optional[Type[Sentinel]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        _event_type: Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]] = event_type
+        if server_switch_event is not None:
+            assert role is SERVER
+            if server_switch_event not in self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Received server _SWITCH_UPGRADE event without a pending proposal"
+                )
+            _event_type = (event_type, server_switch_event)
+        if server_switch_event is None and _event_type is Response:
+            self.pending_switch_proposals = set()
+        self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(role, _event_type)
+        # Special case: the server state does get to see Request
+        # events.
+        if _event_type is Request:
+            assert role is CLIENT
+            self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(SERVER, (Request, CLIENT))
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def _fire_event_triggered_transitions(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event_type: Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        state = self.states[role]
+        try:
+            new_state = EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS[role][state][event_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            event_type = cast(Type[Event], event_type)
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "can't handle event type {} when role={} and state={}".format(
+                    event_type.__name__, role, self.states[role]
+                )
+            ) from None
+        self.states[role] = new_state
+
+    def _fire_state_triggered_transitions(self) -> None:
+        # We apply these rules repeatedly until converging on a fixed point
+        while True:
+            start_states = dict(self.states)
+
+            # It could happen that both these special-case transitions are
+            # enabled at the same time:
+            #
+            #    DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+            #    DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+            #
+            # For example, this will always be true of a HTTP/1.0 client
+            # requesting CONNECT.  If this happens, the protocol switch takes
+            # priority. From there the client will either go to
+            # SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, in which case it's none of our business when
+            # they close the connection, or else the server will deny the
+            # request, in which case the client will go back to DONE and then
+            # from there to MUST_CLOSE.
+            if self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is DONE:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+
+            if not self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = DONE
+
+            if not self.keep_alive:
+                for role in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+                    if self.states[role] is DONE:
+                        self.states[role] = MUST_CLOSE
+
+            # Tabular state-triggered transitions
+            joint_state = (self.states[CLIENT], self.states[SERVER])
+            changes = STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS.get(joint_state, {})
+            self.states.update(changes)
+
+            if self.states == start_states:
+                # Fixed point reached
+                return
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self) -> None:
+        if self.states != {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}:
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                f"not in a reusable state. self.states={self.states}"
+            )
+        # Can't reach DONE/DONE with any of these active, but still, let's be
+        # sure.
+        assert self.keep_alive
+        assert not self.pending_switch_proposals
+        self.states = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_util.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6718445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, NoReturn, Pattern, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "validate",
+    "bytesify",
+]
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    """Exception indicating a violation of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+    This as an abstract base class, with two concrete base classes:
+    :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, which indicates that you tried to do something
+    that HTTP/1.1 says is illegal, and :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, which
+    indicates that the remote peer tried to do something that HTTP/1.1 says is
+    illegal. See :ref:`error-handling` for details.
+
+    In addition to the normal :exc:`Exception` features, it has one attribute:
+
+    .. attribute:: error_status_hint
+
+       This gives a suggestion as to what status code a server might use if
+       this error occurred as part of a request.
+
+       For a :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, this is useful as a suggestion for
+       how you might want to respond to a misbehaving peer, if you're
+       implementing a server.
+
+       For a :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, this can be taken as a suggestion for
+       how your peer might have responded to *you* if h11 had allowed you to
+       continue.
+
+       The default is 400 Bad Request, a generic catch-all for protocol
+       violations.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, error_status_hint: int = 400) -> None:
+        if type(self) is ProtocolError:
+            raise TypeError("tried to directly instantiate ProtocolError")
+        Exception.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.error_status_hint = error_status_hint
+
+
+# Strategy: there are a number of public APIs where a LocalProtocolError can
+# be raised (send(), all the different event constructors, ...), and only one
+# public API where RemoteProtocolError can be raised
+# (receive_data()). Therefore we always raise LocalProtocolError internally,
+# and then receive_data will translate this into a RemoteProtocolError.
+#
+# Internally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is the generic "ProtocolError".
+# Externally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is for local errors and RemoteProtocolError is for
+#   remote errors.
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    def _reraise_as_remote_protocol_error(self) -> NoReturn:
+        # After catching a LocalProtocolError, use this method to re-raise it
+        # as a RemoteProtocolError. This method must be called from inside an
+        # except: block.
+        #
+        # An easy way to get an equivalent RemoteProtocolError is just to
+        # modify 'self' in place.
+        self.__class__ = RemoteProtocolError  # type: ignore
+        # But the re-raising is somewhat non-trivial -- you might think that
+        # now that we've modified the in-flight exception object, that just
+        # doing 'raise' to re-raise it would be enough. But it turns out that
+        # this doesn't work, because Python tracks the exception type
+        # (exc_info[0]) separately from the exception object (exc_info[1]),
+        # and we only modified the latter. So we really do need to re-raise
+        # the new type explicitly.
+        # On py3, the traceback is part of the exception object, so our
+        # in-place modification preserved it and we can just re-raise:
+        raise self
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+def validate(
+    regex: Pattern[bytes], data: bytes, msg: str = "malformed data", *format_args: Any
+) -> Dict[str, bytes]:
+    match = regex.fullmatch(data)
+    if not match:
+        if format_args:
+            msg = msg.format(*format_args)
+        raise LocalProtocolError(msg)
+    return match.groupdict()
+
+
+# Sentinel values
+#
+# - Inherit identity-based comparison and hashing from object
+# - Have a nice repr
+# - Have a *bonus property*: type(sentinel) is sentinel
+#
+# The bonus property is useful if you want to take the return value from
+# next_event() and do some sort of dispatch based on type(event).
+
+_T_Sentinel = TypeVar("_T_Sentinel", bound="Sentinel")
+
+
+class Sentinel(type):
+    def __new__(
+        cls: Type[_T_Sentinel],
+        name: str,
+        bases: Tuple[type, ...],
+        namespace: Dict[str, Any],
+        **kwds: Any
+    ) -> _T_Sentinel:
+        assert bases == (Sentinel,)
+        v = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwds)
+        v.__class__ = v  # type: ignore
+        return v
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__name__
+
+
+# Used for methods, request targets, HTTP versions, header names, and header
+# values. Accepts ascii-strings, or bytes/bytearray/memoryview/..., and always
+# returns bytes.
+def bytesify(s: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview, int, str]) -> bytes:
+    # Fast-path:
+    if type(s) is bytes:
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, str):
+        s = s.encode("ascii")
+    if isinstance(s, int):
+        raise TypeError("expected bytes-like object, not int")
+    return bytes(s)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76e7327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file must be kept very simple, because it is consumed from several
+# places -- it is imported by h11/__init__.py, execfile'd by setup.py, etc.
+
+# We use a simple scheme:
+#   1.0.0 -> 1.0.0+dev -> 1.1.0 -> 1.1.0+dev
+# where the +dev versions are never released into the wild, they're just what
+# we stick into the VCS in between releases.
+#
+# This is compatible with PEP 440:
+#   http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/
+# via the use of the "local suffix" "+dev", which is disallowed on index
+# servers and causes 1.0.0+dev to sort after plain 1.0.0, which is what we
+# want. (Contrast with the special suffix 1.0.0.dev, which sorts *before*
+# 1.0.0.)
+
+__version__ = "0.16.0"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_writers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_writers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..939cdb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_writers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each writer takes an event + a write-some-bytes function, which is
+# calls.
+#
+# WRITERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a writer
+# - or, for body writers, a dict of framin-dependent writer factories
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage, Event, InformationalResponse, Request, Response
+from ._headers import Headers
+from ._state import CLIENT, IDLE, SEND_BODY, SEND_RESPONSE, SERVER
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, Sentinel
+
+__all__ = ["WRITERS"]
+
+Writer = Callable[[bytes], Any]
+
+
+def write_headers(headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+    # "Since the Host field-value is critical information for handling a
+    # request, a user agent SHOULD generate Host as the first header field
+    # following the request-line." - RFC 7230
+    raw_items = headers._full_items
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name == b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name != b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    write(b"\r\n")
+
+
+def write_request(request: Request, write: Writer) -> None:
+    if request.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    write(b"%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n" % (request.method, request.target))
+    write_headers(request.headers, write)
+
+
+# Shared between InformationalResponse and Response
+def write_any_response(
+    response: Union[InformationalResponse, Response], write: Writer
+) -> None:
+    if response.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    status_bytes = str(response.status_code).encode("ascii")
+    # We don't bother sending ascii status messages like "OK"; they're
+    # optional and ignored by the protocol. (But the space after the numeric
+    # status code is mandatory.)
+    #
+    # XX FIXME: could at least make an effort to pull out the status message
+    # from stdlib's http.HTTPStatus table. Or maybe just steal their enums
+    # (either by import or copy/paste). We already accept them as status codes
+    # since they're of type IntEnum < int.
+    write(b"HTTP/1.1 %s %s\r\n" % (status_bytes, response.reason))
+    write_headers(response.headers, write)
+
+
+class BodyWriter:
+    def __call__(self, event: Event, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if type(event) is Data:
+            self.send_data(event.data, write)
+        elif type(event) is EndOfMessage:
+            self.send_eom(event.headers, write)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            assert False
+
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+#
+# These are all careful not to do anything to 'data' except call len(data) and
+# write(data). This allows us to transparently pass-through funny objects,
+# like placeholder objects referring to files on disk that will be sent via
+# sendfile(2).
+#
+class ContentLengthWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def __init__(self, length: int) -> None:
+        self._length = length
+
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        self._length -= len(data)
+        if self._length < 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too much data for declared Content-Length")
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if self._length != 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too little data for declared Content-Length")
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Content-Length and trailers don't mix")
+
+
+class ChunkedWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        # if we encoded 0-length data in the naive way, it would look like an
+        # end-of-message.
+        if not data:
+            return
+        write(b"%x\r\n" % len(data))
+        write(data)
+        write(b"\r\n")
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        write(b"0\r\n")
+        write_headers(headers, write)
+
+
+class Http10Writer(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("can't send trailers to HTTP/1.0 client")
+        # no need to close the socket ourselves, that will be taken care of by
+        # Connection: close machinery
+
+
+WritersType = Dict[
+    Union[Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]], Type[Sentinel]],
+    Union[
+        Dict[str, Type[BodyWriter]],
+        Callable[[Union[InformationalResponse, Response], Writer], None],
+        Callable[[Request, Writer], None],
+    ],
+]
+
+WRITERS: WritersType = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): write_request,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): write_any_response,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): write_any_response,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedWriter,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthWriter,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Writer,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5642f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Marker
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8056834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: httpcore
+Version: 1.0.9
+Summary: A minimal low-level HTTP client.
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://www.encode.io/httpcore
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://www.encode.io/httpcore/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/encode/httpcore
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Framework :: Trio
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Dist: certifi
+Requires-Dist: h11>=0.16
+Provides-Extra: asyncio
+Requires-Dist: anyio<5.0,>=4.0; extra == 'asyncio'
+Provides-Extra: http2
+Requires-Dist: h2<5,>=3; extra == 'http2'
+Provides-Extra: socks
+Requires-Dist: socksio==1.*; extra == 'socks'
+Provides-Extra: trio
+Requires-Dist: trio<1.0,>=0.22.0; extra == 'trio'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# HTTP Core
+
+[![Test Suite](https://github.com/encode/httpcore/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg)](https://github.com/encode/httpcore/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/httpcore.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/httpcore/)
+
+> *Do one thing, and do it well.*
+
+The HTTP Core package provides a minimal low-level HTTP client, which does
+one thing only. Sending HTTP requests.
+
+It does not provide any high level model abstractions over the API,
+does not handle redirects, multipart uploads, building authentication headers,
+transparent HTTP caching, URL parsing, session cookie handling,
+content or charset decoding, handling JSON, environment based configuration
+defaults, or any of that Jazz.
+
+Some things HTTP Core does do:
+
+* Sending HTTP requests.
+* Thread-safe / task-safe connection pooling.
+* HTTP(S) proxy & SOCKS proxy support.
+* Supports HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
+* Provides both sync and async interfaces.
+* Async backend support for `asyncio` and `trio`.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Python 3.8+
+
+## Installation
+
+For HTTP/1.1 only support, install with:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpcore
+```
+
+There are also a number of optional extras available...
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpcore['asyncio,trio,http2,socks']
+```
+
+## Sending requests
+
+Send an HTTP request:
+
+```python
+import httpcore
+
+response = httpcore.request("GET", "https://www.example.com/")
+
+print(response)
+# <Response [200]>
+print(response.status)
+# 200
+print(response.headers)
+# [(b'Accept-Ranges', b'bytes'), (b'Age', b'557328'), (b'Cache-Control', b'max-age=604800'), ...]
+print(response.content)
+# b'<!doctype html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Example Domain</title>\n\n<meta charset="utf-8"/>\n ...'
+```
+
+The top-level `httpcore.request()` function is provided for convenience. In practice whenever you're working with `httpcore` you'll want to use the connection pooling functionality that it provides.
+
+```python
+import httpcore
+
+http = httpcore.ConnectionPool()
+response = http.request("GET", "https://www.example.com/")
+```
+
+Once you're ready to get going, [head over to the documentation](https://www.encode.io/httpcore/).
+
+## Motivation
+
+You *probably* don't want to be using HTTP Core directly. It might make sense if
+you're writing something like a proxy service in Python, and you just want
+something at the lowest possible level, but more typically you'll want to use
+a higher level client library, such as `httpx`.
+
+The motivation for `httpcore` is:
+
+* To provide a reusable low-level client library, that other packages can then build on top of.
+* To provide a *really clear interface split* between the networking code and client logic,
+  so that each is easier to understand and reason about in isolation.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+The `httpcore` package has the following dependencies...
+
+* `h11`
+* `certifi`
+
+And the following optional extras...
+
+* `anyio` - Required by `pip install httpcore['asyncio']`.
+* `trio` - Required by `pip install httpcore['trio']`.
+* `h2` - Required by `pip install httpcore['http2']`.
+* `socksio` - Required by `pip install httpcore['socks']`.
+
+## Versioning
+
+We use [SEMVER for our versioning policy](https://semver.org/).
+
+For changes between package versions please see our [project changelog](CHANGELOG.md).
+
+We recommend pinning your requirements either the most current major version, or a more specific version range:
+
+```python
+pip install 'httpcore==1.*'
+```
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
+
+## Version 1.0.9 (April 24th, 2025)
+
+- Resolve https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vqfr-h8mv-ghfj with h11 dependency update. (#1008)
+
+## Version 1.0.8 (April 11th, 2025)
+
+- Fix `AttributeError` when importing on Python 3.14. (#1005)
+
+## Version 1.0.7 (November 15th, 2024)
+
+- Support `proxy=…` configuration on `ConnectionPool()`. (#974)
+
+## Version 1.0.6 (October 1st, 2024)
+
+- Relax `trio` dependency pinning. (#956)
+- Handle `trio` raising `NotImplementedError` on unsupported platforms. (#955)
+- Handle mapping `ssl.SSLError` to `httpcore.ConnectError`. (#918)
+
+## 1.0.5 (March 27th, 2024)
+
+- Handle `EndOfStream` exception for anyio backend. (#899)
+- Allow trio `0.25.*` series in package dependancies. (#903)
+
+## 1.0.4 (February 21st, 2024)
+
+- Add `target` request extension. (#888)
+- Fix support for connection `Upgrade` and `CONNECT` when some data in the stream has been read. (#882)
+
+## 1.0.3 (February 13th, 2024)
+
+- Fix support for async cancellations. (#880)
+- Fix trace extension when used with socks proxy. (#849)
+- Fix SSL context for connections using the "wss" scheme (#869)
+
+## 1.0.2 (November 10th, 2023)
+
+- Fix `float("inf")` timeouts in `Event.wait` function. (#846)
+
+## 1.0.1 (November 3rd, 2023)
+
+- Fix pool timeout to account for the total time spent retrying. (#823)
+- Raise a neater RuntimeError when the correct async deps are not installed. (#826)
+- Add support for synchronous TLS-in-TLS streams. (#840)
+
+## 1.0.0 (October 6th, 2023)
+
+From version 1.0 our async support is now optional, as the package has minimal dependencies by default.
+
+For async support use either `pip install 'httpcore[asyncio]'` or `pip install 'httpcore[trio]'`.
+
+The project versioning policy is now explicitly governed by SEMVER. See https://semver.org/.
+
+- Async support becomes fully optional. (#809)
+- Add support for Python 3.12. (#807)
+
+## 0.18.0 (September 8th, 2023)
+
+- Add support for HTTPS proxies. (#745, #786)
+- Drop Python 3.7 support. (#727)
+- Handle `sni_hostname` extension with SOCKS proxy. (#774)
+- Handle HTTP/1.1 half-closed connections gracefully. (#641)
+- Change the type of `Extensions` from `Mapping[Str, Any]` to `MutableMapping[Str, Any]`. (#762)
+
+## 0.17.3 (July 5th, 2023)
+
+- Support async cancellations, ensuring that the connection pool is left in a clean state when cancellations occur. (#726)
+- The networking backend interface has [been added to the public API](https://www.encode.io/httpcore/network-backends). Some classes which were previously private implementation detail are now part of the top-level public API. (#699)
+- Graceful handling of HTTP/2 GoAway frames, with requests being transparently retried on a new connection. (#730)
+- Add exceptions when a synchronous `trace callback` is passed to an asynchronous request or an asynchronous `trace callback` is passed to a synchronous request. (#717)
+- Drop Python 3.7 support. (#727)
+
+## 0.17.2 (May 23th, 2023)
+
+- Add `socket_options` argument to `ConnectionPool` and `HTTProxy` classes. (#668)
+- Improve logging with per-module logger names. (#690)
+- Add `sni_hostname` request extension. (#696)
+- Resolve race condition during import of `anyio` package. (#692)
+- Enable TCP_NODELAY for all synchronous sockets. (#651)
+
+## 0.17.1 (May 17th, 2023)
+
+- If 'retries' is set, then allow retries if an SSL handshake error occurs. (#669)
+- Improve correctness of tracebacks on network exceptions, by raising properly chained exceptions. (#678)
+- Prevent connection-hanging behaviour when HTTP/2 connections are closed by a server-sent 'GoAway' frame. (#679)
+- Fix edge-case exception when removing requests from the connection pool. (#680)
+- Fix pool timeout edge-case. (#688)
+
+## 0.17.0 (March 16th, 2023)
+
+- Add DEBUG level logging. (#648)
+- Respect HTTP/2 max concurrent streams when settings updates are sent by server. (#652)
+- Increase the allowable HTTP header size to 100kB. (#647)
+- Add `retries` option to SOCKS proxy classes. (#643)
+
+## 0.16.3 (December 20th, 2022)
+
+- Allow `ws` and `wss` schemes. Allows us to properly support websocket upgrade connections. (#625)
+- Forwarding HTTP proxies use a connection-per-remote-host. Required by some proxy implementations. (#637)
+- Don't raise `RuntimeError` when closing a connection pool with active connections. Removes some error cases when cancellations are used. (#631)
+- Lazy import `anyio`, so that it's no longer a hard dependancy, and isn't imported if unused. (#639)
+
+## 0.16.2 (November 25th, 2022)
+
+- Revert 'Fix async cancellation behaviour', which introduced race conditions. (#627)
+- Raise `RuntimeError` if attempting to us UNIX domain sockets on Windows. (#619)
+
+## 0.16.1 (November 17th, 2022)
+
+- Fix HTTP/1.1 interim informational responses, such as "100 Continue". (#605)
+
+## 0.16.0 (October 11th, 2022)
+
+- Support HTTP/1.1 informational responses. (#581)
+- Fix async cancellation behaviour. (#580)
+- Support `h11` 0.14. (#579)
+
+## 0.15.0 (May 17th, 2022)
+
+- Drop Python 3.6 support (#535)
+- Ensure HTTP proxy CONNECT requests include `timeout` configuration. (#506)
+- Switch to explicit `typing.Optional` for type hints. (#513)
+- For `trio` map OSError exceptions to `ConnectError`. (#543)
+
+## 0.14.7 (February 4th, 2022)
+
+- Requests which raise a PoolTimeout need to be removed from the pool queue. (#502)
+- Fix AttributeError that happened when Socks5Connection were terminated. (#501)
+
+## 0.14.6 (February 1st, 2022)
+
+- Fix SOCKS support for `http://` URLs. (#492)
+- Resolve race condition around exceptions during streaming a response. (#491)
+
+## 0.14.5 (January 18th, 2022)
+
+- SOCKS proxy support. (#478)
+- Add proxy_auth argument to HTTPProxy. (#481)
+- Improve error message on 'RemoteProtocolError' exception when server disconnects without sending a response. (#479)
+
+## 0.14.4 (January 5th, 2022)
+
+- Support HTTP/2 on HTTPS tunnelling proxies. (#468)
+- Fix proxy headers missing on HTTP forwarding. (#456)
+- Only instantiate SSL context if required. (#457)
+- More robust HTTP/2 handling. (#253, #439, #440, #441)
+
+## 0.14.3 (November 17th, 2021)
+
+- Fix race condition when removing closed connections from the pool. (#437)
+
+## 0.14.2 (November 16th, 2021)
+
+- Failed connections no longer remain in the pool. (Pull #433)
+
+## 0.14.1 (November 12th, 2021)
+
+- `max_connections` becomes optional. (Pull #429)
+- `certifi` is now included in the install dependancies. (Pull #428)
+- `h2` is now strictly optional. (Pull #428)
+
+## 0.14.0 (November 11th, 2021)
+
+The 0.14 release is a complete reworking of `httpcore`, comprehensively addressing some underlying issues in the connection pooling, as well as substantially redesigning the API to be more user friendly.
+
+Some of the lower-level API design also makes the components more easily testable in isolation, and the package now has 100% test coverage.
+
+See [discussion #419](https://github.com/encode/httpcore/discussions/419) for a little more background.
+
+There's some other neat bits in there too, such as the "trace" extension, which gives a hook into inspecting the internal events that occur during the request/response cycle. This extension is needed for the HTTPX cli, in order to...
+
+* Log the point at which the connection is established, and the IP/port on which it is made.
+* Determine if the outgoing request should log as HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2, rather than having to assume it's HTTP/2 if the --http2 flag was passed. (Which may not actually be true.)
+* Log SSL version info / certificate info.
+
+Note that `curio` support is not currently available in 0.14.0. If you're using `httpcore` with `curio` please get in touch, so we can assess if we ought to prioritize it as a feature or not.
+
+## 0.13.7 (September 13th, 2021)
+
+- Fix broken error messaging when URL scheme is missing, or a non HTTP(S) scheme is used. (Pull #403)
+
+## 0.13.6 (June 15th, 2021)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Close sockets when read or write timeouts occur. (Pull #365)
+
+## 0.13.5 (June 14th, 2021)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Resolved niggles with AnyIO EOF behaviours. (Pull #358, #362)
+
+## 0.13.4 (June 9th, 2021)
+
+### Added
+
+- Improved error messaging when URL scheme is missing, or a non HTTP(S) scheme is used. (Pull #354)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Switched to `anyio` as the default backend implementation when running with `asyncio`. Resolves some awkward [TLS timeout issues](https://github.com/encode/httpx/discussions/1511).
+
+## 0.13.3 (May 6th, 2021)
+
+### Added
+
+- Support HTTP/2 prior knowledge, using `httpcore.SyncConnectionPool(http1=False)`. (Pull #333)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Handle cases where environment does not provide `select.poll` support. (Pull #331)
+
+## 0.13.2 (April 29th, 2021)
+
+### Added
+
+- Improve error message for specific case of `RemoteProtocolError` where server disconnects without sending a response. (Pull #313)
+
+## 0.13.1 (April 28th, 2021)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- More resiliant testing for closed connections. (Pull #311)
+- Don't raise exceptions on ungraceful connection closes. (Pull #310)
+
+## 0.13.0 (April 21st, 2021)
+
+The 0.13 release updates the core API in order to match the HTTPX Transport API,
+introduced in HTTPX 0.18 onwards.
+
+An example of making requests with the new interface is:
+
+```python
+with httpcore.SyncConnectionPool() as http:
+    status_code, headers, stream, extensions = http.handle_request(
+        method=b'GET',
+        url=(b'https', b'example.org', 443, b'/'),
+        headers=[(b'host', b'example.org'), (b'user-agent', b'httpcore')]
+        stream=httpcore.ByteStream(b''),
+        extensions={}
+    )
+    body = stream.read()
+    print(status_code, body)
+```
+
+### Changed
+
+- The `.request()` method is now `handle_request()`. (Pull #296)
+- The `.arequest()` method is now `.handle_async_request()`. (Pull #296)
+- The `headers` argument is no longer optional. (Pull #296)
+- The `stream` argument is no longer optional. (Pull #296)
+- The `ext` argument is now named `extensions`, and is no longer optional. (Pull #296)
+- The `"reason"` extension keyword is now named `"reason_phrase"`. (Pull #296)
+- The `"reason_phrase"` and `"http_version"` extensions now use byte strings for their values. (Pull #296)
+- The `httpcore.PlainByteStream()` class becomes `httpcore.ByteStream()`. (Pull #296)
+
+### Added
+
+- Streams now support a `.read()` interface. (Pull #296)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Task cancellation no longer leaks connections from the connection pool. (Pull #305)
+
+## 0.12.3 (December 7th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Abort SSL connections on close rather than waiting for remote EOF when using `asyncio`.  (Pull #167)
+- Fix exception raised in case of connect timeouts when using the `anyio` backend. (Pull #236)
+- Fix `Host` header precedence for `:authority` in HTTP/2. (Pull #241, #243)
+- Handle extra edge case when detecting for socket readability when using `asyncio`. (Pull #242, #244)
+- Fix `asyncio` SSL warning when using proxy tunneling. (Pull #249)
+
+## 0.12.2 (November 20th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Properly wrap connect errors on the asyncio backend. (Pull #235)
+- Fix `ImportError` occurring on Python 3.9 when using the HTTP/1.1 sync client in a multithreaded context. (Pull #237)
+
+## 0.12.1 (November 7th, 2020)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add connect retries. (Pull #221)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Tweak detection of dropped connections, resolving an issue with open files limits on Linux. (Pull #185)
+- Avoid leaking connections when establishing an HTTP tunnel to a proxy has failed. (Pull #223)
+- Properly wrap OS errors when using `trio`. (Pull #225)
+
+## 0.12.0 (October 6th, 2020)
+
+### Changed
+
+- HTTP header casing is now preserved, rather than always sent in lowercase. (#216 and python-hyper/h11#104)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add Python 3.9 to officially supported versions.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Gracefully handle a stdlib asyncio bug when a connection is closed while it is in a paused-for-reading state. (#201)
+
+## 0.11.1 (September 28nd, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Add await to async semaphore release() coroutine (#197)
+- Drop incorrect curio classifier (#192)
+
+## 0.11.0 (September 22nd, 2020)
+
+The Transport API with 0.11.0 has a couple of significant changes.
+
+Firstly we've moved changed the request interface in order to allow extensions, which will later enable us to support features
+such as trailing headers, HTTP/2 server push, and CONNECT/Upgrade connections.
+
+The interface changes from:
+
+```python
+def request(method, url, headers, stream, timeout):
+    return (http_version, status_code, reason, headers, stream)
+```
+
+To instead including an optional dictionary of extensions on the request and response:
+
+```python
+def request(method, url, headers, stream, ext):
+    return (status_code, headers, stream, ext)
+```
+
+Having an open-ended extensions point will allow us to add later support for various optional features, that wouldn't otherwise be supported without these API changes.
+
+In particular:
+
+* Trailing headers support.
+* HTTP/2 Server Push
+* sendfile.
+* Exposing raw connection on CONNECT, Upgrade, HTTP/2 bi-di streaming.
+* Exposing debug information out of the API, including template name, template context.
+
+Currently extensions are limited to:
+
+* request: `timeout` - Optional. Timeout dictionary.
+* response: `http_version` - Optional. Include the HTTP version used on the response.
+* response: `reason` - Optional. Include the reason phrase used on the response. Only valid with HTTP/1.*.
+
+See https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/1274#issuecomment-694884553 for the history behind this.
+
+Secondly, the async version of `request` is now namespaced as `arequest`.
+
+This allows concrete transports to support both sync and async implementations on the same class.
+
+### Added
+
+- Add curio support. (Pull #168)
+- Add anyio support, with `backend="anyio"`. (Pull #169)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Update the Transport API to use 'ext' for optional extensions. (Pull #190)
+- Update the Transport API to use `.request` and `.arequest` so implementations can support both sync and async. (Pull #189)
+
+## 0.10.2 (August 20th, 2020)
+
+### Added
+
+- Added Unix Domain Socket support. (Pull #139)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Always include the port on proxy CONNECT requests. (Pull #154)
+- Fix `max_keepalive_connections` configuration. (Pull #153)
+- Fixes behaviour in HTTP/1.1 where server disconnects can be used to signal the end of the response body. (Pull #164)
+
+## 0.10.1 (August 7th, 2020)
+
+- Include `max_keepalive_connections` on `AsyncHTTPProxy`/`SyncHTTPProxy` classes.
+
+## 0.10.0 (August 7th, 2020)
+
+The most notable change in the 0.10.0 release is that HTTP/2 support is now fully optional.
+
+Use either `pip install httpcore` for HTTP/1.1 support only, or `pip install httpcore[http2]` for HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 support.
+
+### Added
+
+- HTTP/2 support becomes optional. (Pull #121, #130)
+- Add `local_address=...` support. (Pull #100, #134)
+- Add `PlainByteStream`, `IteratorByteStream`, `AsyncIteratorByteStream`. The `AsyncByteSteam` and `SyncByteStream` classes are now pure interface classes. (#133)
+- Add `LocalProtocolError`, `RemoteProtocolError` exceptions. (Pull #129)
+- Add `UnsupportedProtocol` exception. (Pull #128)
+- Add `.get_connection_info()` method. (Pull #102, #137)
+- Add better TRACE logs. (Pull #101)
+
+### Changed
+
+- `max_keepalive` is deprecated in favour of `max_keepalive_connections`. (Pull #140)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Improve handling of server disconnects. (Pull #112)
+
+## 0.9.1 (May 27th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Proper host resolution for sync case, including IPv6 support. (Pull #97)
+- Close outstanding connections when connection pool is closed. (Pull #98)
+
+## 0.9.0 (May 21th, 2020)
+
+### Changed
+
+- URL port becomes an `Optional[int]` instead of `int`. (Pull #92)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Honor HTTP/2 max concurrent streams settings. (Pull #89, #90)
+- Remove incorrect debug log. (Pull #83)
+
+## 0.8.4 (May 11th, 2020)
+
+### Added
+
+- Logging via HTTPCORE_LOG_LEVEL and HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL environment variables
+and TRACE level logging. (Pull #79)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Reuse of connections on HTTP/2 in close concurrency situations. (Pull #81)
+
+## 0.8.3 (May 6rd, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Include `Host` and `Accept` headers on proxy "CONNECT" requests.
+- De-duplicate any headers also contained in proxy_headers.
+- HTTP/2 flag not being passed down to proxy connections.
+
+## 0.8.2 (May 3rd, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix connections using proxy forwarding requests not being added to the
+connection pool properly. (Pull #70)
+
+## 0.8.1 (April 30th, 2020)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Allow inherintance of both `httpcore.AsyncByteStream`, `httpcore.SyncByteStream` without type conflicts.
+
+## 0.8.0 (April 30th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed tunnel proxy support.
+
+### Added
+
+- New `TimeoutException` base class.
+
+## 0.7.0 (March 5th, 2020)
+
+- First integration with HTTPX.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/RECORD
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12228d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.27.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..311b2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2020, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a92dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from ._api import request, stream
+from ._async import (
+    AsyncConnectionInterface,
+    AsyncConnectionPool,
+    AsyncHTTP2Connection,
+    AsyncHTTP11Connection,
+    AsyncHTTPConnection,
+    AsyncHTTPProxy,
+    AsyncSOCKSProxy,
+)
+from ._backends.base import (
+    SOCKET_OPTION,
+    AsyncNetworkBackend,
+    AsyncNetworkStream,
+    NetworkBackend,
+    NetworkStream,
+)
+from ._backends.mock import AsyncMockBackend, AsyncMockStream, MockBackend, MockStream
+from ._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from ._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from ._models import URL, Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from ._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from ._sync import (
+    ConnectionInterface,
+    ConnectionPool,
+    HTTP2Connection,
+    HTTP11Connection,
+    HTTPConnection,
+    HTTPProxy,
+    SOCKSProxy,
+)
+
+# The 'httpcore.AnyIOBackend' class is conditional on 'anyio' being installed.
+try:
+    from ._backends.anyio import AnyIOBackend
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AnyIOBackend:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            msg = (
+                "Attempted to use 'httpcore.AnyIOBackend' but 'anyio' is not installed."
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+# The 'httpcore.TrioBackend' class is conditional on 'trio' being installed.
+try:
+    from ._backends.trio import TrioBackend
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class TrioBackend:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            msg = "Attempted to use 'httpcore.TrioBackend' but 'trio' is not installed."
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # top-level requests
+    "request",
+    "stream",
+    # models
+    "Origin",
+    "URL",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    "Proxy",
+    # async
+    "AsyncHTTPConnection",
+    "AsyncConnectionPool",
+    "AsyncHTTPProxy",
+    "AsyncHTTP11Connection",
+    "AsyncHTTP2Connection",
+    "AsyncConnectionInterface",
+    "AsyncSOCKSProxy",
+    # sync
+    "HTTPConnection",
+    "ConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPProxy",
+    "HTTP11Connection",
+    "HTTP2Connection",
+    "ConnectionInterface",
+    "SOCKSProxy",
+    # network backends, implementations
+    "SyncBackend",
+    "AnyIOBackend",
+    "TrioBackend",
+    # network backends, mock implementations
+    "AsyncMockBackend",
+    "AsyncMockStream",
+    "MockBackend",
+    "MockStream",
+    # network backends, interface
+    "AsyncNetworkStream",
+    "AsyncNetworkBackend",
+    "NetworkStream",
+    "NetworkBackend",
+    # util
+    "default_ssl_context",
+    "SOCKET_OPTION",
+    # exceptions
+    "ConnectionNotAvailable",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ReadError",
+    "WriteError",
+]
+
+__version__ = "1.0.9"
+
+
+__locals = locals()
+for __name in __all__:
+    # Exclude SOCKET_OPTION, it causes AttributeError on Python 3.14
+    if not __name.startswith(("__", "SOCKET_OPTION")):
+        setattr(__locals[__name], "__module__", "httpcore")  # noqa
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_api.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38b961d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from ._models import URL, Extensions, HeaderTypes, Response
+from ._sync.connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+
+
+def request(
+    method: bytes | str,
+    url: URL | bytes | str,
+    *,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+    extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request, returning the response.
+
+    ```
+    response = httpcore.request("GET", "https://www.example.com/")
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+        method: The HTTP method for the request. Typically one of `"GET"`,
+            `"OPTIONS"`, `"HEAD"`, `"POST"`, `"PUT"`, `"PATCH"`, or `"DELETE"`.
+        url: The URL of the HTTP request. Either as an instance of `httpcore.URL`,
+            or as str/bytes.
+        headers: The HTTP request headers. Either as a dictionary of str/bytes,
+            or as a list of two-tuples of str/bytes.
+        content: The content of the request body. Either as bytes,
+            or as a bytes iterator.
+        extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on the request.
+            Possible keys include `"timeout"`.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of `httpcore.Response`.
+    """
+    with ConnectionPool() as pool:
+        return pool.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def stream(
+    method: bytes | str,
+    url: URL | bytes | str,
+    *,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+    extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request, returning the response within a content manager.
+
+    ```
+    with httpcore.stream("GET", "https://www.example.com/") as response:
+        ...
+    ```
+
+    When using the `stream()` function, the body of the response will not be
+    automatically read. If you want to access the response body you should
+    either use `content = response.read()`, or `for chunk in response.iter_content()`.
+
+    Arguments:
+        method: The HTTP method for the request. Typically one of `"GET"`,
+            `"OPTIONS"`, `"HEAD"`, `"POST"`, `"PUT"`, `"PATCH"`, or `"DELETE"`.
+        url: The URL of the HTTP request. Either as an instance of `httpcore.URL`,
+            or as str/bytes.
+        headers: The HTTP request headers. Either as a dictionary of str/bytes,
+            or as a list of two-tuples of str/bytes.
+        content: The content of the request body. Either as bytes,
+            or as a bytes iterator.
+        extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on the request.
+            Possible keys include `"timeout"`.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of `httpcore.Response`.
+    """
+    with ConnectionPool() as pool:
+        with pool.stream(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        ) as response:
+            yield response
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88dc7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .http_proxy import AsyncHTTPProxy
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+try:
+    from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AsyncHTTP2Connection:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use http2 support, but the `h2` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+            )
+
+
+try:
+    from .socks_proxy import AsyncSOCKSProxy
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AsyncSOCKSProxy:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use SOCKS support, but the `socksio` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[socks]'."
+            )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncHTTPConnection",
+    "AsyncConnectionPool",
+    "AsyncHTTPProxy",
+    "AsyncHTTP11Connection",
+    "AsyncHTTP2Connection",
+    "AsyncConnectionInterface",
+    "AsyncSOCKSProxy",
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b42581d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.connection")
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a geometric sequence that has a ratio of 2 and starts with 0.
+
+    For example:
+    - `factor = 2`: `0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...`
+    - `factor = 3`: `0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...`
+    """
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count():
+        yield factor * 2**n
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed: bool = False
+        self._request_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            async with self._request_lock:
+                if self._connection is None:
+                    stream = await self._connect(request)
+
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+                    if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                        from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._connect_failed = True
+            raise exc
+
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    async def _connect(self, request: Request) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._origin.port,
+                        "local_address": self._local_address,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                else:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "path": self._uds,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "connect_unix_socket", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_unix_socket(
+                            **kwargs
+                        )
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                if self._origin.scheme in (b"https", b"wss"):
+                    ssl_context = (
+                        default_ssl_context()
+                        if self._ssl_context is None
+                        else self._ssl_context
+                    )
+                    alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                    ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                        "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                        or self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                return stream
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                async with Trace("retry", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    await self._network_backend.sleep(delay)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            async with Trace("close", logger, None, {}):
+                await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTPConnection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96e973d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._models import Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncEvent, AsyncShieldCancellation, AsyncThreadLock
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface, AsyncRequestInterface
+
+
+class AsyncPoolRequest:
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = request
+        self.connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connection_acquired = AsyncEvent()
+
+    def assign_to_connection(self, connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self._connection_acquired.set()
+
+    def clear_connection(self) -> None:
+        self.connection = None
+        self._connection_acquired = AsyncEvent()
+
+    async def wait_for_connection(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            await self._connection_acquired.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        return self.connection
+
+    def is_queued(self) -> bool:
+        return self.connection is None
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionPool(AsyncRequestInterface):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy: Proxy | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a
+                connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect
+                using a particular address family. Using `local_address="0.0.0.0"`
+                will connect using an `AF_INET` address (IPv4), while using
+                `local_address="::"` will connect using an `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+            socket_options: Socket options that have to be included
+             in the TCP socket when the connection was established.
+        """
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        self._max_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize if max_connections is None else max_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize
+            if max_keepalive_connections is None
+            else max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = min(
+            self._max_connections, self._max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+        # The mutable state on a connection pool is the queue of incoming requests,
+        # and the set of connections that are servicing those requests.
+        self._connections: list[AsyncConnectionInterface] = []
+        self._requests: list[AsyncPoolRequest] = []
+
+        # We only mutate the state of the connection pool within an 'optional_thread_lock'
+        # context. This holds a threading lock unless we're running in async mode,
+        # in which case it is a no-op.
+        self._optional_thread_lock = AsyncThreadLock()
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if self._proxy is not None:
+            if self._proxy.url.scheme in (b"socks5", b"socks5h"):
+                from .socks_proxy import AsyncSocks5Connection
+
+                return AsyncSocks5Connection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_auth=self._proxy.auth,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    http1=self._http1,
+                    http2=self._http2,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            elif origin.scheme == b"http":
+                from .http_proxy import AsyncForwardHTTPConnection
+
+                return AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                    proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            from .http_proxy import AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection
+
+            return AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=self._http1,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            )
+
+        return AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            socket_options=self._socket_options,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> list[AsyncConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Return a list of the connections currently in the pool.
+
+        For example:
+
+        ```python
+        >>> pool.connections
+        [
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, ACTIVE, Request Count: 6]>,
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 9]> ,
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['http://example.com:80', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 1]>,
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        return list(self._connections)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an HTTP request, and return an HTTP response.
+
+        This is the core implementation that is called into by `.request()` or `.stream()`.
+        """
+        scheme = request.url.scheme.decode()
+        if scheme == "":
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                "Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."
+            )
+        if scheme not in ("http", "https", "ws", "wss"):
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                f"Request URL has an unsupported protocol '{scheme}://'."
+            )
+
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("pool", None)
+
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            # Add the incoming request to our request queue.
+            pool_request = AsyncPoolRequest(request)
+            self._requests.append(pool_request)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                    # Assign incoming requests to available connections,
+                    # closing or creating new connections as required.
+                    closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+                await self._close_connections(closing)
+
+                # Wait until this request has an assigned connection.
+                connection = await pool_request.wait_for_connection(timeout=timeout)
+
+                try:
+                    # Send the request on the assigned connection.
+                    response = await connection.handle_async_request(
+                        pool_request.request
+                    )
+                except ConnectionNotAvailable:
+                    # In some cases a connection may initially be available to
+                    # handle a request, but then become unavailable.
+                    #
+                    # In this case we clear the connection and try again.
+                    pool_request.clear_connection()
+                else:
+                    break  # pragma: nocover
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                # For any exception or cancellation we remove the request from
+                # the queue, and then re-assign requests to connections.
+                self._requests.remove(pool_request)
+                closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            await self._close_connections(closing)
+            raise exc from None
+
+        # Return the response. Note that in this case we still have to manage
+        # the point at which the response is closed.
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        return Response(
+            status=response.status,
+            headers=response.headers,
+            content=PoolByteStream(
+                stream=response.stream, pool_request=pool_request, pool=self
+            ),
+            extensions=response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _assign_requests_to_connections(self) -> list[AsyncConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Manage the state of the connection pool, assigning incoming
+        requests to connections as available.
+
+        Called whenever a new request is added or removed from the pool.
+
+        Any closing connections are returned, allowing the I/O for closing
+        those connections to be handled seperately.
+        """
+        closing_connections = []
+
+        # First we handle cleaning up any connections that are closed,
+        # have expired their keep-alive, or surplus idle connections.
+        for connection in list(self._connections):
+            if connection.is_closed():
+                # log: "removing closed connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+            elif connection.has_expired():
+                # log: "closing expired connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+            elif (
+                connection.is_idle()
+                and len([connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections])
+                > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+
+        # Assign queued requests to connections.
+        queued_requests = [request for request in self._requests if request.is_queued()]
+        for pool_request in queued_requests:
+            origin = pool_request.request.url.origin
+            available_connections = [
+                connection
+                for connection in self._connections
+                if connection.can_handle_request(origin) and connection.is_available()
+            ]
+            idle_connections = [
+                connection for connection in self._connections if connection.is_idle()
+            ]
+
+            # There are three cases for how we may be able to handle the request:
+            #
+            # 1. There is an existing connection that can handle the request.
+            # 2. We can create a new connection to handle the request.
+            # 3. We can close an idle connection and then create a new connection
+            #    to handle the request.
+            if available_connections:
+                # log: "reusing existing connection"
+                connection = available_connections[0]
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif len(self._connections) < self._max_connections:
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif idle_connections:
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                connection = idle_connections[0]
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+
+        return closing_connections
+
+    async def _close_connections(self, closing: list[AsyncConnectionInterface]) -> None:
+        # Close connections which have been removed from the pool.
+        with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+            for connection in closing:
+                await connection.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Explicitly close the connection pool.
+        # Clears all existing requests and connections.
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            closing_connections = list(self._connections)
+            self._connections = []
+        await self._close_connections(closing_connections)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncConnectionPool:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            request_is_queued = [request.is_queued() for request in self._requests]
+            connection_is_idle = [
+                connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections
+            ]
+
+            num_active_requests = request_is_queued.count(False)
+            num_queued_requests = request_is_queued.count(True)
+            num_active_connections = connection_is_idle.count(False)
+            num_idle_connections = connection_is_idle.count(True)
+
+        requests_info = (
+            f"Requests: {num_active_requests} active, {num_queued_requests} queued"
+        )
+        connection_info = (
+            f"Connections: {num_active_connections} active, {num_idle_connections} idle"
+        )
+
+        return f"<{class_name} [{requests_info} | {connection_info}]>"
+
+
+class PoolByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes],
+        pool_request: AsyncPoolRequest,
+        pool: AsyncConnectionPool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pool_request = pool_request
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            async for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            await self.aclose()
+            raise exc from None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                if hasattr(self._stream, "aclose"):
+                    await self._stream.aclose()
+
+            with self._pool._optional_thread_lock:
+                self._pool._requests.remove(self._pool_request)
+                closing = self._pool._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            await self._pool._close_connections(closing)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d6d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import ssl
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    WriteError,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")
+
+
+# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
+H11SendEvent = typing.Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+]
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
+        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
+            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
+            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._expire_at = None
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request}
+            try:
+                async with Trace(
+                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+                ) as trace:
+                    await self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
+                async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    await self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
+            except WriteError:
+                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
+                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
+                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
+                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
+                # error response.
+                pass
+
+            async with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                    trailing_data,
+                ) = await self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
+                trace.return_value = (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                )
+
+            network_stream = self._network_stream
+
+            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
+            if (status == 101) or (
+                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
+            ):
+                network_stream = AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": http_version,
+                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+                    "network_stream": network_stream,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
+                    await self._response_closed()
+            raise exc
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(
+                method=request.method,
+                target=request.url.target,
+                headers=request.headers,
+            )
+        await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        async for chunk in request.stream:
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+        await self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def _send_event(self, event: h11.Event, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        if bytes_to_send is not None:
+            await self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    async def _receive_response_headers(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int, bytes, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+            if (
+                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
+                and event.status_code == 101
+            ):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data
+
+    async def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_event(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> h11.Event | type[h11.PAUSED]:
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = await self._network_stream.read(
+                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
+                )
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
+                # it as a ConnectError.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
+                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if (
+                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+            ):
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+            else:
+                await self.aclose()
+
+    # Once the connection is no longer required...
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        await self._network_stream.aclose()
+
+    # The AsyncConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
+    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
+    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
+        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
+        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
+        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
+        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
+        # a server-initiated disconnect.
+        server_disconnected = (
+            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
+        )
+
+        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTP11Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+
+class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(self, connection: AsyncHTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
+        try:
+            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                await self.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
+                await self._connection._response_closed()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncNetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._leading_data = leading_data
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._leading_data:
+            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
+            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
+            return buffer
+        else:
+            return await self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        await self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return await self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbd0bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h2.config
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+import h2.exceptions
+import h2.settings
+
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http2")
+
+
+def has_body_headers(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        k.lower() == b"content-length" or k.lower() == b"transfer-encoding"
+        for k, v in request.headers
+    )
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP2Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = h2.config.H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._init_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._read_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._write_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._used_all_stream_ids = False
+        self._connection_error = False
+
+        # Mapping from stream ID to response stream events.
+        self._events: dict[
+            int,
+            list[
+                h2.events.ResponseReceived
+                | h2.events.DataReceived
+                | h2.events.StreamEnded
+                | h2.events.StreamReset,
+            ],
+        ] = {}
+
+        # Connection terminated events are stored as state since
+        # we need to handle them for all streams.
+        self._connection_terminated: h2.events.ConnectionTerminated | None = None
+
+        self._read_exception: Exception | None = None
+        self._write_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            # This cannot occur in normal operation, since the connection pool
+            # will only send requests on connections that handle them.
+            # It's in place simply for resilience as a guard against incorrect
+            # usage, for anyone working directly with httpcore connections.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._expire_at = None
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        async with self._init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                try:
+                    sci_kwargs = {"request": request}
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "send_connection_init", logger, request, sci_kwargs
+                    ):
+                        await self._send_connection_init(**sci_kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                        await self.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+                # Initially start with just 1 until the remote server provides
+                # its max_concurrent_streams value
+                self._max_streams = 1
+
+                local_settings_max_streams = (
+                    self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+                )
+                self._max_streams_semaphore = AsyncSemaphore(local_settings_max_streams)
+
+                for _ in range(local_settings_max_streams - self._max_streams):
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        try:
+            stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+        except h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError:  # pragma: nocover
+            self._used_all_stream_ids = True
+            self._request_count -= 1
+            raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request, "stream_id": stream_id}
+            async with Trace("send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs):
+                await self._send_request_headers(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs):
+                await self._send_request_body(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            async with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                status, headers = await self._receive_response(
+                    request=request, stream_id=stream_id
+                )
+                trace.return_value = (status, headers)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP2ConnectionByteStream(self, request, stream_id=stream_id),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+                    "network_stream": self._network_stream,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                kwargs = {"stream_id": stream_id}
+                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request, kwargs):
+                    await self._response_closed(stream_id=stream_id)
+
+            if isinstance(exc, h2.exceptions.ProtocolError):
+                # One case where h2 can raise a protocol error is when a
+                # closed frame has been seen by the state machine.
+                #
+                # This happens when one stream is reading, and encounters
+                # a GOAWAY event. Other flows of control may then raise
+                # a protocol error at any point they interact with the 'h2_state'.
+                #
+                # In this case we'll have stored the event, and should raise
+                # it as a RemoteProtocolError.
+                if self._connection_terminated:  # pragma: nocover
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+                # If h2 raises a protocol error in some other state then we
+                # must somehow have made a protocol violation.
+                raise LocalProtocolError(exc)  # pragma: nocover
+
+            raise exc
+
+    async def _send_connection_init(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = h2.settings.Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request headers to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        end_stream = not has_body_headers(request)
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = [v for k, v in request.headers if k.lower() == b"host"][0]
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", request.method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", request.url.scheme),
+            (b":path", request.url.target),
+        ] + [
+            (k.lower(), v)
+            for k, v in request.headers
+            if k.lower()
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Iterate over the request body sending it to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        if not has_body_headers(request):
+            return
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        async for data in request.stream:
+            await self._send_stream_data(request, stream_id, data)
+        await self._send_end_stream(request, stream_id)
+
+    async def _send_stream_data(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single chunk of data in one or more data frames.
+        """
+        while data:
+            max_flow = await self._wait_for_outgoing_flow(request, stream_id)
+            chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+            chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+            self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+            await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _send_end_stream(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an empty data frame on on a given stream ID with the END_STREAM flag set.
+        """
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    async def _receive_response(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Return the response status code and headers for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        assert event.headers is not None
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    async def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Iterator that returns the bytes of the response body for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                assert event.flow_controlled_length is not None
+                assert event.data is not None
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+                await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamEnded):
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_stream_event(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> h2.events.ResponseReceived | h2.events.DataReceived | h2.events.StreamEnded:
+        """
+        Return the next available event for a given stream ID.
+
+        Will read more data from the network if required.
+        """
+        while not self._events.get(stream_id):
+            await self._receive_events(request, stream_id)
+        event = self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamReset):
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+        return event
+
+    async def _receive_events(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network until we see one or more events
+        for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        async with self._read_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated is not None:
+                last_stream_id = self._connection_terminated.last_stream_id
+                if stream_id and last_stream_id and stream_id > last_stream_id:
+                    self._request_count -= 1
+                    raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+
+            # This conditional is a bit icky. We don't want to block reading if we've
+            # actually got an event to return for a given stream. We need to do that
+            # check *within* the atomic read lock. Though it also need to be optional,
+            # because when we call it from `_wait_for_outgoing_flow` we *do* want to
+            # block until we've available flow control, event when we have events
+            # pending for the stream ID we're attempting to send on.
+            if stream_id is None or not self._events.get(stream_id):
+                events = await self._read_incoming_data(request)
+                for event in events:
+                    if isinstance(event, h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged):
+                        async with Trace(
+                            "receive_remote_settings", logger, request
+                        ) as trace:
+                            await self._receive_remote_settings_change(event)
+                            trace.return_value = event
+
+                    elif isinstance(
+                        event,
+                        (
+                            h2.events.ResponseReceived,
+                            h2.events.DataReceived,
+                            h2.events.StreamEnded,
+                            h2.events.StreamReset,
+                        ),
+                    ):
+                        if event.stream_id in self._events:
+                            self._events[event.stream_id].append(event)
+
+                    elif isinstance(event, h2.events.ConnectionTerminated):
+                        self._connection_terminated = event
+
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _receive_remote_settings_change(
+        self, event: h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged
+    ) -> None:
+        max_concurrent_streams = event.changed_settings.get(
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        )
+        if max_concurrent_streams:
+            new_max_streams = min(
+                max_concurrent_streams.new_value,
+                self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams,
+            )
+            if new_max_streams and new_max_streams != self._max_streams:
+                while new_max_streams > self._max_streams:
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+                    self._max_streams += 1
+                while new_max_streams < self._max_streams:
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+                    self._max_streams -= 1
+
+    async def _response_closed(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        await self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+        del self._events[stream_id]
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated and not self._events:
+                await self.aclose()
+
+            elif self._state == HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE and not self._events:
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+                if self._used_all_stream_ids:  # pragma: nocover
+                    await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._h2_state.close_connection()
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        await self._network_stream.aclose()
+
+    # Wrappers around network read/write operations...
+
+    async def _read_incoming_data(self, request: Request) -> list[h2.events.Event]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        if self._read_exception is not None:
+            raise self._read_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+        try:
+            data = await self._network_stream.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+            if data == b"":
+                raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # If we get a network error we should:
+            #
+            # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future reads.
+            #    (For example, this means that a single read timeout or disconnect will
+            #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+            #    sequential timeouts.)
+            # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+            #    incoming requests.
+            self._read_exception = exc
+            self._connection_error = True
+            raise exc
+
+        events: list[h2.events.Event] = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+
+        return events
+
+    async def _write_outgoing_data(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        async with self._write_lock:
+            data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+
+            if self._write_exception is not None:
+                raise self._write_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+            try:
+                await self._network_stream.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                # If we get a network error we should:
+                #
+                # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future write.
+                #    (For example, this means that a single write timeout or disconnect will
+                #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+                #    sequential timeouts.)
+                # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+                #    incoming requests.
+                self._write_exception = exc
+                self._connection_error = True
+                raise exc
+
+    # Flow control...
+
+    async def _wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow: int = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        max_frame_size: int = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        while flow == 0:
+            await self._receive_events(request)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            max_frame_size = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        return flow
+
+    # Interface for connection pooling...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._state != HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._connection_error
+            and not self._used_all_stream_ids
+            and not (
+                self._h2_state.state_machine.state
+                == h2.connection.ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            )
+        )
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        return self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTP2Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+
+class HTTP2ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self, connection: AsyncHTTP2Connection, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._stream_id = stream_id
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request, "stream_id": self._stream_id}
+        try:
+            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(
+                    request=self._request, stream_id=self._stream_id
+                ):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                await self.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            kwargs = {"stream_id": self._stream_id}
+            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                await self._connection._response_closed(stream_id=self._stream_id)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc9d920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+)
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.proxy")
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    override_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key exists
+    in both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else list(default_headers)
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else list(override_headers)
+    has_override = set(key.lower() for key, value in override_headers)
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            proxy_auth: Any proxy authentication as a two-tuple of
+                (username, password). May be either bytes or ascii-only str.
+            proxy_headers: Any HTTP headers to use for the proxy requests.
+                For example `{"Proxy-Authorization": "Basic <username>:<password>"}`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            proxy_ssl_context: The same as `ssl_context`, but for a proxy server rather than a remote origin.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            uds=uds,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if (
+            self._proxy_url.scheme == b"http" and proxy_ssl_context is not None
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The `proxy_ssl_context` argument is not allowed for the http scheme"
+            )
+
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[0], name="proxy_auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[1], name="proxy_auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self._proxy_headers = [
+                (b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)
+            ] + self._proxy_headers
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if origin.scheme == b"http":
+            return AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            )
+        return AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        headers = merge_headers(self._proxy_headers, request.headers)
+        url = URL(
+            scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+            host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+            port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+            target=bytes(request.url),
+        )
+        proxy_request = Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(proxy_request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+
+class AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._connect_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._connected = False
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        async with self._connect_lock:
+            if not self._connected:
+                target = b"%b:%d" % (self._remote_origin.host, self._remote_origin.port)
+
+                connect_url = URL(
+                    scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+                    host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+                    port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+                    target=target,
+                )
+                connect_headers = merge_headers(
+                    [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")], self._proxy_headers
+                )
+                connect_request = Request(
+                    method=b"CONNECT",
+                    url=connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    extensions=request.extensions,
+                )
+                connect_response = await self._connection.handle_async_request(
+                    connect_request
+                )
+
+                if connect_response.status < 200 or connect_response.status > 299:
+                    reason_bytes = connect_response.extensions.get("reason_phrase", b"")
+                    reason_str = reason_bytes.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (connect_response.status, reason_str)
+                    await self._connection.aclose()
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                stream = connect_response.extensions["network_stream"]
+
+                # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                ssl_context = (
+                    default_ssl_context()
+                    if self._ssl_context is None
+                    else self._ssl_context
+                )
+                alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                    "server_hostname": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                    "timeout": timeout,
+                }
+                async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                    trace.return_value = stream
+
+                # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                http2_negotiated = (
+                    ssl_object is not None
+                    and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                )
+
+                # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                    from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                    self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+
+                self._connected = True
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..361583b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Extensions,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+    include_request_headers,
+)
+
+
+class AsyncRequestInterface:
+    async def request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.AsyncIterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.handle_async_request(request)
+        try:
+            await response.aread()
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+        return response
+
+    @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
+    async def stream(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.AsyncIterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[Response]:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.handle_async_request(request)
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionInterface(AsyncRequestInterface):
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an
+        outgoing request.
+
+        An HTTP/1.1 connection will only be available if it is currently idle.
+
+        An HTTP/2 connection will be available so long as the stream ID space is
+        not yet exhausted, and the connection is not in an error state.
+
+        While the connection is being established we may not yet know if it is going
+        to result in an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection. The connection should be
+        treated as being available, but might ultimately raise `NewConnectionRequired`
+        required exceptions if multiple requests are attempted over a connection
+        that ends up being established as HTTP/1.1.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+
+        This either means that the connection is idle and it has passed the
+        expiry time on its keep-alive, or that server has sent an EOF.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+
+        Used when a response is closed to determine if the connection may be
+        returned to the connection pool or not.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b363f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+
+import socksio
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, ProxyError
+from .._models import URL, Origin, Request, Response, enforce_bytes, enforce_url
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.socks")
+
+
+AUTH_METHODS = {
+    b"\x00": "NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED",
+    b"\x01": "GSSAPI",
+    b"\x02": "USERNAME/PASSWORD",
+    b"\xff": "NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS",
+}
+
+REPLY_CODES = {
+    b"\x00": "Succeeded",
+    b"\x01": "General SOCKS server failure",
+    b"\x02": "Connection not allowed by ruleset",
+    b"\x03": "Network unreachable",
+    b"\x04": "Host unreachable",
+    b"\x05": "Connection refused",
+    b"\x06": "TTL expired",
+    b"\x07": "Command not supported",
+    b"\x08": "Address type not supported",
+}
+
+
+async def _init_socks5_connection(
+    stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+    *,
+    host: bytes,
+    port: int,
+    auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    conn = socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Connection()
+
+    # Auth method request
+    auth_method = (
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.NO_AUTH_REQUIRED
+        if auth is None
+        else socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD
+    )
+    conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethodsRequest([auth_method]))
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Auth method response
+    incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthReply)
+    if response.method != auth_method:
+        requested = AUTH_METHODS.get(auth_method, "UNKNOWN")
+        responded = AUTH_METHODS.get(response.method, "UNKNOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(
+            f"Requested {requested} from proxy server, but got {responded}."
+        )
+
+    if response.method == socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD:
+        # Username/password request
+        assert auth is not None
+        username, password = auth
+        conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordRequest(username, password))
+        outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+        await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+        # Username/password response
+        incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+        response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+        assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordReply)
+        if not response.success:
+            raise ProxyError("Invalid username/password")
+
+    # Connect request
+    conn.send(
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5CommandRequest.from_address(
+            socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Command.CONNECT, (host, port)
+        )
+    )
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Connect response
+    incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Reply)
+    if response.reply_code != socksio.socks5.SOCKS5ReplyCode.SUCCEEDED:
+        reply_code = REPLY_CODES.get(response.reply_code, "UNKOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(f"Proxy Server could not connect: {reply_code}.")
+
+
+class AsyncSOCKSProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+        )
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username, password = proxy_auth
+            username_bytes = enforce_bytes(username, name="proxy_auth")
+            password_bytes = enforce_bytes(password, name="proxy_auth")
+            self._proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (
+                username_bytes,
+                password_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._proxy_auth = None
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        return AsyncSocks5Connection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            proxy_auth=self._proxy_auth,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class AsyncSocks5Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._proxy_auth = proxy_auth
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+        self._network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connect_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed = False
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        async with self._connect_lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                try:
+                    # Connect to the proxy
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._proxy_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._proxy_origin.port,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Connect to the remote host using socks5
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "stream": stream,
+                        "host": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._remote_origin.port,
+                        "auth": self._proxy_auth,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "setup_socks5_connection", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        await _init_socks5_connection(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                    if self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https":
+                        ssl_context = (
+                            default_ssl_context()
+                            if self._ssl_context is None
+                            else self._ssl_context
+                        )
+                        alpn_protocols = (
+                            ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                        )
+                        ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                        kwargs = {
+                            "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                            "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                            or self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                            "timeout": timeout,
+                        }
+                        async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                            stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                            trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+
+                    # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                    if http2_negotiated or (
+                        self._http2 and not self._http1
+                    ):  # pragma: nocover
+                        from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise exc
+            elif not self._connection.is_available():  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__pycache__/trio.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__pycache__/trio.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a140095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import anyio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class AnyIOStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ReadTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError,
+            anyio.ClosedResourceError: ReadError,
+            anyio.EndOfStream: ReadError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                try:
+                    return await self._stream.receive(max_bytes=max_bytes)
+                except anyio.EndOfStream:  # pragma: nocover
+                    return b""
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: WriteTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+            anyio.ClosedResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                await self._stream.send(item=buffer)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.EndOfStream: ConnectError,
+            ssl.SSLError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                    ssl_stream = await anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream.wrap(
+                        self._stream,
+                        ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                        hostname=server_hostname,
+                        standard_compatible=False,
+                        server_side=False,
+                    )
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                await self.aclose()
+                raise exc
+        return AnyIOStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.streams.tls.TLSAttribute.ssl_object, None)
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.local_address, None)
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.remote_address, None)
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.raw_socket, None)
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            sock = self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.raw_socket, None)
+            return is_socket_readable(sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class AnyIOBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_tcp(
+                    remote_host=host,
+                    remote_port=port,
+                    local_host=local_address,
+                )
+                # By default TCP sockets opened in `asyncio` include TCP_NODELAY.
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream._raw_socket.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return AnyIOStream(stream)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_unix(path)
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream._raw_socket.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return AnyIOStream(stream)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await anyio.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f0e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._synchronization import current_async_library
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class AutoBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def _init_backend(self) -> None:
+        if not (hasattr(self, "_backend")):
+            backend = current_async_library()
+            if backend == "trio":
+                from .trio import TrioBackend
+
+                self._backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = TrioBackend()
+            else:
+                from .anyio import AnyIOBackend
+
+                self._backend = AnyIOBackend()
+
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.connect_tcp(
+            host,
+            port,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.connect_unix_socket(
+            path, timeout=timeout, socket_options=socket_options
+        )
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:  # pragma: nocover
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf55c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import time
+import typing
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+
+class NetworkStream:
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return None  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class NetworkBackend:
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        time.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncNetworkStream:
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return None  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncNetworkBackend:
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b6edca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._exceptions import ReadError
+from .base import (
+    SOCKET_OPTION,
+    AsyncNetworkBackend,
+    AsyncNetworkStream,
+    NetworkBackend,
+    NetworkStream,
+)
+
+
+class MockSSLObject:
+    def __init__(self, http2: bool):
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    def selected_alpn_protocol(self) -> str:
+        return "h2" if self._http2 else "http/1.1"
+
+
+class MockStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ReadError("Connection closed")
+        if not self._buffer:
+            return b""
+        return self._buffer.pop(0)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return self
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return MockSSLObject(http2=self._http2) if info == "ssl_object" else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<httpcore.MockStream>"
+
+
+class MockBackend(NetworkBackend):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return MockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return MockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncMockStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ReadError("Connection closed")
+        if not self._buffer:
+            return b""
+        return self._buffer.pop(0)
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return self
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return MockSSLObject(http2=self._http2) if info == "ssl_object" else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<httpcore.AsyncMockStream>"
+
+
+class AsyncMockBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return AsyncMockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return AsyncMockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4018a09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ExceptionMapping,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+
+
+class TLSinTLSStream(NetworkStream):  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Because the standard `SSLContext.wrap_socket` method does
+    not work for `SSLSocket` objects, we need this class
+    to implement TLS stream using an underlying `SSLObject`
+    instance in order to support TLS on top of TLS.
+    """
+
+    # Defined in RFC 8449
+    TLS_RECORD_SIZE = 16384
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        self._outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        self.ssl_obj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            incoming=self._incoming,
+            outgoing=self._outgoing,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+        )
+
+        self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+        self._perform_io(self.ssl_obj.do_handshake)
+
+    def _perform_io(
+        self,
+        func: typing.Callable[..., typing.Any],
+    ) -> typing.Any:
+        ret = None
+
+        while True:
+            errno = None
+            try:
+                ret = func()
+            except (ssl.SSLWantReadError, ssl.SSLWantWriteError) as e:
+                errno = e.errno
+
+            self._sock.sendall(self._outgoing.read())
+
+            if errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+                buf = self._sock.recv(self.TLS_RECORD_SIZE)
+
+                if buf:
+                    self._incoming.write(buf)
+                else:
+                    self._incoming.write_eof()
+            if errno is None:
+                return ret
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            return typing.cast(
+                bytes, self._perform_io(functools.partial(self.ssl_obj.read, max_bytes))
+            )
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            while buffer:
+                nsent = self._perform_io(functools.partial(self.ssl_obj.write, buffer))
+                buffer = buffer[nsent:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object":
+            return self.ssl_obj
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._sock.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._sock.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._sock
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            return is_socket_readable(self._sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class SyncStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
+        self._sock = sock
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            return self._sock.recv(max_bytes)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            while buffer:
+                self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                n = self._sock.send(buffer)
+                buffer = buffer[n:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self._sock, ssl.SSLSocket):  # pragma: no cover
+                    # If the underlying socket has already been upgraded
+                    # to the TLS layer (i.e. is an instance of SSLSocket),
+                    # we need some additional smarts to support TLS-in-TLS.
+                    return TLSinTLSStream(
+                        self._sock, ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                    sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                        self._sock, server_hostname=server_hostname
+                    )
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                self.close()
+                raise exc
+        return SyncStream(sock)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object" and isinstance(self._sock, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            return self._sock._sslobj  # type: ignore
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._sock.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._sock.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._sock
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            return is_socket_readable(self._sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class SyncBackend(NetworkBackend):
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        # Note that we automatically include `TCP_NODELAY`
+        # in addition to any other custom socket options.
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []  # pragma: no cover
+        address = (host, port)
+        source_address = None if local_address is None else (local_address, 0)
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.create_connection(
+                address,
+                timeout,
+                source_address=source_address,
+            )
+            for option in socket_options:
+                sock.setsockopt(*option)  # pragma: no cover
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SyncStream(sock)
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to connect to a UNIX socket on a Windows system."
+            )
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            for option in socket_options:
+                sock.setsockopt(*option)
+            sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            sock.connect(path)
+        return SyncStream(sock)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f53f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import trio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ExceptionMapping,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class TrioStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: trio.abc.Stream) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ReadTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError,
+            trio.ClosedResourceError: ReadError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                data: bytes = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes=max_bytes)
+                return data
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: WriteTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+            trio.ClosedResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                await self._stream.send_all(data=buffer)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        ssl_stream = trio.SSLStream(
+            self._stream,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            https_compatible=True,
+            server_side=False,
+        )
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                    await ssl_stream.do_handshake()
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                await self.aclose()
+                raise exc
+        return TrioStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object" and isinstance(self._stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            # Type checkers cannot see `_ssl_object` attribute because trio._ssl.SSLStream uses __getattr__/__setattr__.
+            # Tracked at https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/542
+            return self._stream._ssl_object  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._get_socket_stream().socket.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._get_socket_stream().socket.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            stream = self._stream
+            while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+                stream = stream.transport_stream
+            assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+            return stream.socket
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            socket = self.get_extra_info("socket")
+            return socket.is_readable()
+        return None
+
+    def _get_socket_stream(self) -> trio.SocketStream:
+        stream = self._stream
+        while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            stream = stream.transport_stream
+        assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+        return stream
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        # By default for TCP sockets, trio enables TCP_NODELAY.
+        # https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-io.html#trio.SocketStream
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []  # pragma: no cover
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_tcp_stream(
+                    host=host, port=port, local_address=local_address
+                )
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return TrioStream(stream)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_unix_socket(path)
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return TrioStream(stream)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc28d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+ExceptionMapping = typing.Mapping[typing.Type[Exception], typing.Type[Exception]]
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_exceptions(map: ExceptionMapping) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+        for from_exc, to_exc in map.items():
+            if isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                raise to_exc(exc) from exc
+        raise  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class ConnectionNotAvailable(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+# Timeout errors
+
+
+class TimeoutException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+# Network errors
+
+
+class NetworkError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_models.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a65f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import ssl
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+
+# Functions for typechecking...
+
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+HeaderTypes = typing.Union[HeadersAsSequence, HeadersAsMapping, None]
+
+Extensions = typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]
+
+
+def enforce_bytes(value: bytes | str, *, name: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Any arguments that are ultimately represented as bytes can be specified
+    either as bytes or as strings.
+
+    However we enforce that any string arguments must only contain characters in
+    the plain ASCII range. chr(0)...chr(127). If you need to use characters
+    outside that range then be precise, and use a byte-wise argument.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return value.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise TypeError(f"{name} strings may not include unicode characters.")
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return value
+
+    seen_type = type(value).__name__
+    raise TypeError(f"{name} must be bytes or str, but got {seen_type}.")
+
+
+def enforce_url(value: URL | bytes | str, *, name: str) -> URL:
+    """
+    Type check for URL parameters.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, (bytes, str)):
+        return URL(value)
+    elif isinstance(value, URL):
+        return value
+
+    seen_type = type(value).__name__
+    raise TypeError(f"{name} must be a URL, bytes, or str, but got {seen_type}.")
+
+
+def enforce_headers(
+    value: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None, *, name: str
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Convienence function that ensure all items in request or response headers
+    are either bytes or strings in the plain ASCII range.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return []
+    elif isinstance(value, typing.Mapping):
+        return [
+            (
+                enforce_bytes(k, name="header name"),
+                enforce_bytes(v, name="header value"),
+            )
+            for k, v in value.items()
+        ]
+    elif isinstance(value, typing.Sequence):
+        return [
+            (
+                enforce_bytes(k, name="header name"),
+                enforce_bytes(v, name="header value"),
+            )
+            for k, v in value
+        ]
+
+    seen_type = type(value).__name__
+    raise TypeError(
+        f"{name} must be a mapping or sequence of two-tuples, but got {seen_type}."
+    )
+
+
+def enforce_stream(
+    value: bytes | typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes] | None,
+    *,
+    name: str,
+) -> typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]:
+    if value is None:
+        return ByteStream(b"")
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return ByteStream(value)
+    return value
+
+
+# * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
+# * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
+# * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#scheme-state
+DEFAULT_PORTS = {
+    b"ftp": 21,
+    b"http": 80,
+    b"https": 443,
+    b"ws": 80,
+    b"wss": 443,
+}
+
+
+def include_request_headers(
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+    *,
+    url: "URL",
+    content: None | bytes | typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes],
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    headers_set = set(k.lower() for k, v in headers)
+
+    if b"host" not in headers_set:
+        default_port = DEFAULT_PORTS.get(url.scheme)
+        if url.port is None or url.port == default_port:
+            header_value = url.host
+        else:
+            header_value = b"%b:%d" % (url.host, url.port)
+        headers = [(b"Host", header_value)] + headers
+
+    if (
+        content is not None
+        and b"content-length" not in headers_set
+        and b"transfer-encoding" not in headers_set
+    ):
+        if isinstance(content, bytes):
+            content_length = str(len(content)).encode("ascii")
+            headers += [(b"Content-Length", content_length)]
+        else:
+            headers += [(b"Transfer-Encoding", b"chunked")]  # pragma: nocover
+
+    return headers
+
+
+# Interfaces for byte streams...
+
+
+class ByteStream:
+    """
+    A container for non-streaming content, and that supports both sync and async
+    stream iteration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, content: bytes) -> None:
+        self._content = content
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._content
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{len(self._content)} bytes]>"
+
+
+class Origin:
+    def __init__(self, scheme: bytes, host: bytes, port: int) -> None:
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, Origin)
+            and self.scheme == other.scheme
+            and self.host == other.host
+            and self.port == other.port
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        scheme = self.scheme.decode("ascii")
+        host = self.host.decode("ascii")
+        port = str(self.port)
+        return f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}"
+
+
+class URL:
+    """
+    Represents the URL against which an HTTP request may be made.
+
+    The URL may either be specified as a plain string, for convienence:
+
+    ```python
+    url = httpcore.URL("https://www.example.com/")
+    ```
+
+    Or be constructed with explicitily pre-parsed components:
+
+    ```python
+    url = httpcore.URL(scheme=b'https', host=b'www.example.com', port=None, target=b'/')
+    ```
+
+    Using this second more explicit style allows integrations that are using
+    `httpcore` to pass through URLs that have already been parsed in order to use
+    libraries such as `rfc-3986` rather than relying on the stdlib. It also ensures
+    that URL parsing is treated identically at both the networking level and at any
+    higher layers of abstraction.
+
+    The four components are important here, as they allow the URL to be precisely
+    specified in a pre-parsed format. They also allow certain types of request to
+    be created that could not otherwise be expressed.
+
+    For example, an HTTP request to `http://www.example.com/` forwarded via a proxy
+    at `http://localhost:8080`...
+
+    ```python
+    # Constructs an HTTP request with a complete URL as the target:
+    # GET https://www.example.com/ HTTP/1.1
+    url = httpcore.URL(
+        scheme=b'http',
+        host=b'localhost',
+        port=8080,
+        target=b'https://www.example.com/'
+    )
+    request = httpcore.Request(
+        method="GET",
+        url=url
+    )
+    ```
+
+    Another example is constructing an `OPTIONS *` request...
+
+    ```python
+    # Constructs an 'OPTIONS *' HTTP request:
+    # OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1
+    url = httpcore.URL(scheme=b'https', host=b'www.example.com', target=b'*')
+    request = httpcore.Request(method="OPTIONS", url=url)
+    ```
+
+    This kind of request is not possible to formulate with a URL string,
+    because the `/` delimiter is always used to demark the target from the
+    host/port portion of the URL.
+
+    For convenience, string-like arguments may be specified either as strings or
+    as bytes. However, once a request is being issue over-the-wire, the URL
+    components are always ultimately required to be a bytewise representation.
+
+    In order to avoid any ambiguity over character encodings, when strings are used
+    as arguments, they must be strictly limited to the ASCII range `chr(0)`-`chr(127)`.
+    If you require a bytewise representation that is outside this range you must
+    handle the character encoding directly, and pass a bytes instance.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: bytes | str = "",
+        *,
+        scheme: bytes | str = b"",
+        host: bytes | str = b"",
+        port: int | None = None,
+        target: bytes | str = b"",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Parameters:
+            url: The complete URL as a string or bytes.
+            scheme: The URL scheme as a string or bytes.
+                Typically either `"http"` or `"https"`.
+            host: The URL host as a string or bytes. Such as `"www.example.com"`.
+            port: The port to connect to. Either an integer or `None`.
+            target: The target of the HTTP request. Such as `"/items?search=red"`.
+        """
+        if url:
+            parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(enforce_bytes(url, name="url"))
+            self.scheme = parsed.scheme
+            self.host = parsed.hostname or b""
+            self.port = parsed.port
+            self.target = (parsed.path or b"/") + (
+                b"?" + parsed.query if parsed.query else b""
+            )
+        else:
+            self.scheme = enforce_bytes(scheme, name="scheme")
+            self.host = enforce_bytes(host, name="host")
+            self.port = port
+            self.target = enforce_bytes(target, name="target")
+
+    @property
+    def origin(self) -> Origin:
+        default_port = {
+            b"http": 80,
+            b"https": 443,
+            b"ws": 80,
+            b"wss": 443,
+            b"socks5": 1080,
+            b"socks5h": 1080,
+        }[self.scheme]
+        return Origin(
+            scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port or default_port
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, URL)
+            and other.scheme == self.scheme
+            and other.host == self.host
+            and other.port == self.port
+            and other.target == self.target
+        )
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.port is None:
+            return b"%b://%b%b" % (self.scheme, self.host, self.target)
+        return b"%b://%b:%d%b" % (self.scheme, self.host, self.port, self.target)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}(scheme={self.scheme!r}, "
+            f"host={self.host!r}, port={self.port!r}, target={self.target!r})"
+        )
+
+
+class Request:
+    """
+    An HTTP request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes
+        | typing.Iterable[bytes]
+        | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]
+        | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Parameters:
+            method: The HTTP request method, either as a string or bytes.
+                For example: `GET`.
+            url: The request URL, either as a `URL` instance, or as a string or bytes.
+                For example: `"https://www.example.com".`
+            headers: The HTTP request headers.
+            content: The content of the request body.
+            extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on
+                the request. Possible keys include `"timeout"`, and `"trace"`.
+        """
+        self.method: bytes = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        self.url: URL = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = enforce_headers(
+            headers, name="headers"
+        )
+        self.stream: typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes] = (
+            enforce_stream(content, name="content")
+        )
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+
+        if "target" in self.extensions:
+            self.url = URL(
+                scheme=self.url.scheme,
+                host=self.url.host,
+                port=self.url.port,
+                target=self.extensions["target"],
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.method!r}]>"
+
+
+class Response:
+    """
+    An HTTP response.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: int,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes
+        | typing.Iterable[bytes]
+        | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]
+        | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Parameters:
+            status: The HTTP status code of the response. For example `200`.
+            headers: The HTTP response headers.
+            content: The content of the response body.
+            extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on
+                the responseself.Possible keys include `"http_version"`,
+                `"reason_phrase"`, and `"network_stream"`.
+        """
+        self.status: int = status
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = enforce_headers(
+            headers, name="headers"
+        )
+        self.stream: typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes] = (
+            enforce_stream(content, name="content")
+        )
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+
+        self._stream_consumed = False
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            if isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Attempted to access 'response.content' on a streaming response. "
+                    "Call 'response.read()' first."
+                )
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Attempted to access 'response.content' on a streaming response. "
+                    "Call 'await response.aread()' first."
+                )
+        return self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.status}]>"
+
+    # Sync interface...
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to read an asynchronous response using 'response.read()'. "
+                "You should use 'await response.aread()' instead."
+            )
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part for part in self.iter_stream()])
+        return self._content
+
+    def iter_stream(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to stream an asynchronous response using 'for ... in "
+                "response.iter_stream()'. "
+                "You should use 'async for ... in response.aiter_stream()' instead."
+            )
+        if self._stream_consumed:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to call 'for ... in response.iter_stream()' more than once."
+            )
+        self._stream_consumed = True
+        for chunk in self.stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to close an asynchronous response using 'response.close()'. "
+                "You should use 'await response.aclose()' instead."
+            )
+        if hasattr(self.stream, "close"):
+            self.stream.close()
+
+    # Async interface...
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to read an synchronous response using "
+                "'await response.aread()'. "
+                "You should use 'response.read()' instead."
+            )
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.aiter_stream()])
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aiter_stream(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to stream an synchronous response using 'async for ... in "
+                "response.aiter_stream()'. "
+                "You should use 'for ... in response.iter_stream()' instead."
+            )
+        if self._stream_consumed:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to call 'async for ... in response.aiter_stream()' "
+                "more than once."
+            )
+        self._stream_consumed = True
+        async for chunk in self.stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to close a synchronous response using "
+                "'await response.aclose()'. "
+                "You should use 'response.close()' instead."
+            )
+        if hasattr(self.stream, "aclose"):
+            await self.stream.aclose()
+
+
+class Proxy:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        self.headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+
+        if auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(auth[0], name="auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(auth[1], name="auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self.auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (username, password)
+            self.headers = [(b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)] + self.headers
+        else:
+            self.auth = None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_ssl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_ssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c99c5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_ssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import ssl
+
+import certifi
+
+
+def default_ssl_context() -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    context = ssl.create_default_context()
+    context.load_verify_locations(certifi.where())
+    return context
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b476d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .http_proxy import HTTPProxy
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+try:
+    from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class HTTP2Connection:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use http2 support, but the `h2` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+            )
+
+
+try:
+    from .socks_proxy import SOCKSProxy
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class SOCKSProxy:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use SOCKS support, but the `socksio` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[socks]'."
+            )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "HTTPConnection",
+    "ConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPProxy",
+    "HTTP11Connection",
+    "HTTP2Connection",
+    "ConnectionInterface",
+    "SOCKSProxy",
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..363f8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.connection")
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a geometric sequence that has a ratio of 2 and starts with 0.
+
+    For example:
+    - `factor = 2`: `0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...`
+    - `factor = 3`: `0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...`
+    """
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count():
+        yield factor * 2**n
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend: NetworkBackend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed: bool = False
+        self._request_lock = Lock()
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            with self._request_lock:
+                if self._connection is None:
+                    stream = self._connect(request)
+
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+                    if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                        from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._connect_failed = True
+            raise exc
+
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def _connect(self, request: Request) -> NetworkStream:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._origin.port,
+                        "local_address": self._local_address,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                else:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "path": self._uds,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    with Trace(
+                        "connect_unix_socket", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_unix_socket(
+                            **kwargs
+                        )
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                if self._origin.scheme in (b"https", b"wss"):
+                    ssl_context = (
+                        default_ssl_context()
+                        if self._ssl_context is None
+                        else self._ssl_context
+                    )
+                    alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                    ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                        "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                        or self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                return stream
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                with Trace("retry", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    self._network_backend.sleep(delay)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            with Trace("close", logger, None, {}):
+                self._connection.close()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTPConnection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ccfa53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._models import Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Event, ShieldCancellation, ThreadLock
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface, RequestInterface
+
+
+class PoolRequest:
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = request
+        self.connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connection_acquired = Event()
+
+    def assign_to_connection(self, connection: ConnectionInterface | None) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self._connection_acquired.set()
+
+    def clear_connection(self) -> None:
+        self.connection = None
+        self._connection_acquired = Event()
+
+    def wait_for_connection(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            self._connection_acquired.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        return self.connection
+
+    def is_queued(self) -> bool:
+        return self.connection is None
+
+
+class ConnectionPool(RequestInterface):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy: Proxy | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a
+                connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect
+                using a particular address family. Using `local_address="0.0.0.0"`
+                will connect using an `AF_INET` address (IPv4), while using
+                `local_address="::"` will connect using an `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+            socket_options: Socket options that have to be included
+             in the TCP socket when the connection was established.
+        """
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        self._max_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize if max_connections is None else max_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize
+            if max_keepalive_connections is None
+            else max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = min(
+            self._max_connections, self._max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+        # The mutable state on a connection pool is the queue of incoming requests,
+        # and the set of connections that are servicing those requests.
+        self._connections: list[ConnectionInterface] = []
+        self._requests: list[PoolRequest] = []
+
+        # We only mutate the state of the connection pool within an 'optional_thread_lock'
+        # context. This holds a threading lock unless we're running in async mode,
+        # in which case it is a no-op.
+        self._optional_thread_lock = ThreadLock()
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if self._proxy is not None:
+            if self._proxy.url.scheme in (b"socks5", b"socks5h"):
+                from .socks_proxy import Socks5Connection
+
+                return Socks5Connection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_auth=self._proxy.auth,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    http1=self._http1,
+                    http2=self._http2,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            elif origin.scheme == b"http":
+                from .http_proxy import ForwardHTTPConnection
+
+                return ForwardHTTPConnection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                    proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            from .http_proxy import TunnelHTTPConnection
+
+            return TunnelHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=self._http1,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            )
+
+        return HTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            socket_options=self._socket_options,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> list[ConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Return a list of the connections currently in the pool.
+
+        For example:
+
+        ```python
+        >>> pool.connections
+        [
+            <HTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, ACTIVE, Request Count: 6]>,
+            <HTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 9]> ,
+            <HTTPConnection ['http://example.com:80', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 1]>,
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        return list(self._connections)
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an HTTP request, and return an HTTP response.
+
+        This is the core implementation that is called into by `.request()` or `.stream()`.
+        """
+        scheme = request.url.scheme.decode()
+        if scheme == "":
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                "Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."
+            )
+        if scheme not in ("http", "https", "ws", "wss"):
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                f"Request URL has an unsupported protocol '{scheme}://'."
+            )
+
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("pool", None)
+
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            # Add the incoming request to our request queue.
+            pool_request = PoolRequest(request)
+            self._requests.append(pool_request)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                    # Assign incoming requests to available connections,
+                    # closing or creating new connections as required.
+                    closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+                self._close_connections(closing)
+
+                # Wait until this request has an assigned connection.
+                connection = pool_request.wait_for_connection(timeout=timeout)
+
+                try:
+                    # Send the request on the assigned connection.
+                    response = connection.handle_request(
+                        pool_request.request
+                    )
+                except ConnectionNotAvailable:
+                    # In some cases a connection may initially be available to
+                    # handle a request, but then become unavailable.
+                    #
+                    # In this case we clear the connection and try again.
+                    pool_request.clear_connection()
+                else:
+                    break  # pragma: nocover
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                # For any exception or cancellation we remove the request from
+                # the queue, and then re-assign requests to connections.
+                self._requests.remove(pool_request)
+                closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            self._close_connections(closing)
+            raise exc from None
+
+        # Return the response. Note that in this case we still have to manage
+        # the point at which the response is closed.
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        return Response(
+            status=response.status,
+            headers=response.headers,
+            content=PoolByteStream(
+                stream=response.stream, pool_request=pool_request, pool=self
+            ),
+            extensions=response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _assign_requests_to_connections(self) -> list[ConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Manage the state of the connection pool, assigning incoming
+        requests to connections as available.
+
+        Called whenever a new request is added or removed from the pool.
+
+        Any closing connections are returned, allowing the I/O for closing
+        those connections to be handled seperately.
+        """
+        closing_connections = []
+
+        # First we handle cleaning up any connections that are closed,
+        # have expired their keep-alive, or surplus idle connections.
+        for connection in list(self._connections):
+            if connection.is_closed():
+                # log: "removing closed connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+            elif connection.has_expired():
+                # log: "closing expired connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+            elif (
+                connection.is_idle()
+                and len([connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections])
+                > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+
+        # Assign queued requests to connections.
+        queued_requests = [request for request in self._requests if request.is_queued()]
+        for pool_request in queued_requests:
+            origin = pool_request.request.url.origin
+            available_connections = [
+                connection
+                for connection in self._connections
+                if connection.can_handle_request(origin) and connection.is_available()
+            ]
+            idle_connections = [
+                connection for connection in self._connections if connection.is_idle()
+            ]
+
+            # There are three cases for how we may be able to handle the request:
+            #
+            # 1. There is an existing connection that can handle the request.
+            # 2. We can create a new connection to handle the request.
+            # 3. We can close an idle connection and then create a new connection
+            #    to handle the request.
+            if available_connections:
+                # log: "reusing existing connection"
+                connection = available_connections[0]
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif len(self._connections) < self._max_connections:
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif idle_connections:
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                connection = idle_connections[0]
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+
+        return closing_connections
+
+    def _close_connections(self, closing: list[ConnectionInterface]) -> None:
+        # Close connections which have been removed from the pool.
+        with ShieldCancellation():
+            for connection in closing:
+                connection.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Explicitly close the connection pool.
+        # Clears all existing requests and connections.
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            closing_connections = list(self._connections)
+            self._connections = []
+        self._close_connections(closing_connections)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ConnectionPool:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            request_is_queued = [request.is_queued() for request in self._requests]
+            connection_is_idle = [
+                connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections
+            ]
+
+            num_active_requests = request_is_queued.count(False)
+            num_queued_requests = request_is_queued.count(True)
+            num_active_connections = connection_is_idle.count(False)
+            num_idle_connections = connection_is_idle.count(True)
+
+        requests_info = (
+            f"Requests: {num_active_requests} active, {num_queued_requests} queued"
+        )
+        connection_info = (
+            f"Connections: {num_active_connections} active, {num_idle_connections} idle"
+        )
+
+        return f"<{class_name} [{requests_info} | {connection_info}]>"
+
+
+class PoolByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: typing.Iterable[bytes],
+        pool_request: PoolRequest,
+        pool: ConnectionPool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pool_request = pool_request
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self.close()
+            raise exc from None
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                if hasattr(self._stream, "close"):
+                    self._stream.close()
+
+            with self._pool._optional_thread_lock:
+                self._pool._requests.remove(self._pool_request)
+                closing = self._pool._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            self._pool._close_connections(closing)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd3a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import ssl
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.base import NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    WriteError,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Lock, ShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")
+
+
+# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
+H11SendEvent = typing.Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+]
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class HTTP11Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: NetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
+        self._state_lock = Lock()
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
+            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
+            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._expire_at = None
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request}
+            try:
+                with Trace(
+                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+                ) as trace:
+                    self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
+                with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
+            except WriteError:
+                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
+                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
+                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
+                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
+                # error response.
+                pass
+
+            with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                    trailing_data,
+                ) = self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
+                trace.return_value = (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                )
+
+            network_stream = self._network_stream
+
+            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
+            if (status == 101) or (
+                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
+            ):
+                network_stream = HTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": http_version,
+                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+                    "network_stream": network_stream,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
+                    self._response_closed()
+            raise exc
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(
+                method=request.method,
+                target=request.url.target,
+                headers=request.headers,
+            )
+        self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        for chunk in request.stream:
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+        self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _send_event(self, event: h11.Event, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        if bytes_to_send is not None:
+            self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    def _receive_response_headers(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int, bytes, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+            if (
+                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
+                and event.status_code == 101
+            ):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data
+
+    def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                break
+
+    def _receive_event(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> h11.Event | type[h11.PAUSED]:
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = self._network_stream.read(
+                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
+                )
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
+                # it as a ConnectError.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
+                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if (
+                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+            ):
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+            else:
+                self.close()
+
+    # Once the connection is no longer required...
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        self._network_stream.close()
+
+    # The ConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
+    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
+    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
+        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
+        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
+        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
+        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
+        # a server-initiated disconnect.
+        server_disconnected = (
+            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
+        )
+
+        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTP11Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+
+class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(self, connection: HTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
+        try:
+            with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                self.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
+                self._connection._response_closed()
+
+
+class HTTP11UpgradeStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: NetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._leading_data = leading_data
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._leading_data:
+            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
+            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
+            return buffer
+        else:
+            return self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddcc189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h2.config
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+import h2.exceptions
+import h2.settings
+
+from .._backends.base import NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Lock, Semaphore, ShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http2")
+
+
+def has_body_headers(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        k.lower() == b"content-length" or k.lower() == b"transfer-encoding"
+        for k, v in request.headers
+    )
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class HTTP2Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = h2.config.H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: NetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._init_lock = Lock()
+        self._state_lock = Lock()
+        self._read_lock = Lock()
+        self._write_lock = Lock()
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._used_all_stream_ids = False
+        self._connection_error = False
+
+        # Mapping from stream ID to response stream events.
+        self._events: dict[
+            int,
+            list[
+                h2.events.ResponseReceived
+                | h2.events.DataReceived
+                | h2.events.StreamEnded
+                | h2.events.StreamReset,
+            ],
+        ] = {}
+
+        # Connection terminated events are stored as state since
+        # we need to handle them for all streams.
+        self._connection_terminated: h2.events.ConnectionTerminated | None = None
+
+        self._read_exception: Exception | None = None
+        self._write_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            # This cannot occur in normal operation, since the connection pool
+            # will only send requests on connections that handle them.
+            # It's in place simply for resilience as a guard against incorrect
+            # usage, for anyone working directly with httpcore connections.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._expire_at = None
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        with self._init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                try:
+                    sci_kwargs = {"request": request}
+                    with Trace(
+                        "send_connection_init", logger, request, sci_kwargs
+                    ):
+                        self._send_connection_init(**sci_kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    with ShieldCancellation():
+                        self.close()
+                    raise exc
+
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+                # Initially start with just 1 until the remote server provides
+                # its max_concurrent_streams value
+                self._max_streams = 1
+
+                local_settings_max_streams = (
+                    self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+                )
+                self._max_streams_semaphore = Semaphore(local_settings_max_streams)
+
+                for _ in range(local_settings_max_streams - self._max_streams):
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        try:
+            stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+        except h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError:  # pragma: nocover
+            self._used_all_stream_ids = True
+            self._request_count -= 1
+            raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request, "stream_id": stream_id}
+            with Trace("send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs):
+                self._send_request_headers(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs):
+                self._send_request_body(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                status, headers = self._receive_response(
+                    request=request, stream_id=stream_id
+                )
+                trace.return_value = (status, headers)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP2ConnectionByteStream(self, request, stream_id=stream_id),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+                    "network_stream": self._network_stream,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                kwargs = {"stream_id": stream_id}
+                with Trace("response_closed", logger, request, kwargs):
+                    self._response_closed(stream_id=stream_id)
+
+            if isinstance(exc, h2.exceptions.ProtocolError):
+                # One case where h2 can raise a protocol error is when a
+                # closed frame has been seen by the state machine.
+                #
+                # This happens when one stream is reading, and encounters
+                # a GOAWAY event. Other flows of control may then raise
+                # a protocol error at any point they interact with the 'h2_state'.
+                #
+                # In this case we'll have stored the event, and should raise
+                # it as a RemoteProtocolError.
+                if self._connection_terminated:  # pragma: nocover
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+                # If h2 raises a protocol error in some other state then we
+                # must somehow have made a protocol violation.
+                raise LocalProtocolError(exc)  # pragma: nocover
+
+            raise exc
+
+    def _send_connection_init(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = h2.settings.Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request headers to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        end_stream = not has_body_headers(request)
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = [v for k, v in request.headers if k.lower() == b"host"][0]
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", request.method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", request.url.scheme),
+            (b":path", request.url.target),
+        ] + [
+            (k.lower(), v)
+            for k, v in request.headers
+            if k.lower()
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _send_request_body(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Iterate over the request body sending it to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        if not has_body_headers(request):
+            return
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        for data in request.stream:
+            self._send_stream_data(request, stream_id, data)
+        self._send_end_stream(request, stream_id)
+
+    def _send_stream_data(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single chunk of data in one or more data frames.
+        """
+        while data:
+            max_flow = self._wait_for_outgoing_flow(request, stream_id)
+            chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+            chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+            self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+            self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _send_end_stream(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an empty data frame on on a given stream ID with the END_STREAM flag set.
+        """
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    def _receive_response(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Return the response status code and headers for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        assert event.headers is not None
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Iterator that returns the bytes of the response body for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                assert event.flow_controlled_length is not None
+                assert event.data is not None
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+                self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamEnded):
+                break
+
+    def _receive_stream_event(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> h2.events.ResponseReceived | h2.events.DataReceived | h2.events.StreamEnded:
+        """
+        Return the next available event for a given stream ID.
+
+        Will read more data from the network if required.
+        """
+        while not self._events.get(stream_id):
+            self._receive_events(request, stream_id)
+        event = self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamReset):
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+        return event
+
+    def _receive_events(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network until we see one or more events
+        for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        with self._read_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated is not None:
+                last_stream_id = self._connection_terminated.last_stream_id
+                if stream_id and last_stream_id and stream_id > last_stream_id:
+                    self._request_count -= 1
+                    raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+
+            # This conditional is a bit icky. We don't want to block reading if we've
+            # actually got an event to return for a given stream. We need to do that
+            # check *within* the atomic read lock. Though it also need to be optional,
+            # because when we call it from `_wait_for_outgoing_flow` we *do* want to
+            # block until we've available flow control, event when we have events
+            # pending for the stream ID we're attempting to send on.
+            if stream_id is None or not self._events.get(stream_id):
+                events = self._read_incoming_data(request)
+                for event in events:
+                    if isinstance(event, h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged):
+                        with Trace(
+                            "receive_remote_settings", logger, request
+                        ) as trace:
+                            self._receive_remote_settings_change(event)
+                            trace.return_value = event
+
+                    elif isinstance(
+                        event,
+                        (
+                            h2.events.ResponseReceived,
+                            h2.events.DataReceived,
+                            h2.events.StreamEnded,
+                            h2.events.StreamReset,
+                        ),
+                    ):
+                        if event.stream_id in self._events:
+                            self._events[event.stream_id].append(event)
+
+                    elif isinstance(event, h2.events.ConnectionTerminated):
+                        self._connection_terminated = event
+
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _receive_remote_settings_change(
+        self, event: h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged
+    ) -> None:
+        max_concurrent_streams = event.changed_settings.get(
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        )
+        if max_concurrent_streams:
+            new_max_streams = min(
+                max_concurrent_streams.new_value,
+                self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams,
+            )
+            if new_max_streams and new_max_streams != self._max_streams:
+                while new_max_streams > self._max_streams:
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+                    self._max_streams += 1
+                while new_max_streams < self._max_streams:
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+                    self._max_streams -= 1
+
+    def _response_closed(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+        del self._events[stream_id]
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated and not self._events:
+                self.close()
+
+            elif self._state == HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE and not self._events:
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+                if self._used_all_stream_ids:  # pragma: nocover
+                    self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._h2_state.close_connection()
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        self._network_stream.close()
+
+    # Wrappers around network read/write operations...
+
+    def _read_incoming_data(self, request: Request) -> list[h2.events.Event]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        if self._read_exception is not None:
+            raise self._read_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+        try:
+            data = self._network_stream.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+            if data == b"":
+                raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # If we get a network error we should:
+            #
+            # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future reads.
+            #    (For example, this means that a single read timeout or disconnect will
+            #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+            #    sequential timeouts.)
+            # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+            #    incoming requests.
+            self._read_exception = exc
+            self._connection_error = True
+            raise exc
+
+        events: list[h2.events.Event] = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+
+        return events
+
+    def _write_outgoing_data(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with self._write_lock:
+            data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+
+            if self._write_exception is not None:
+                raise self._write_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+            try:
+                self._network_stream.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                # If we get a network error we should:
+                #
+                # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future write.
+                #    (For example, this means that a single write timeout or disconnect will
+                #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+                #    sequential timeouts.)
+                # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+                #    incoming requests.
+                self._write_exception = exc
+                self._connection_error = True
+                raise exc
+
+    # Flow control...
+
+    def _wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow: int = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        max_frame_size: int = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        while flow == 0:
+            self._receive_events(request)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            max_frame_size = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        return flow
+
+    # Interface for connection pooling...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._state != HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._connection_error
+            and not self._used_all_stream_ids
+            and not (
+                self._h2_state.state_machine.state
+                == h2.connection.ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            )
+        )
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        return self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTP2Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+
+class HTTP2ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self, connection: HTTP2Connection, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._stream_id = stream_id
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request, "stream_id": self._stream_id}
+        try:
+            with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(
+                    request=self._request, stream_id=self._stream_id
+                ):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                self.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            kwargs = {"stream_id": self._stream_id}
+            with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                self._connection._response_closed(stream_id=self._stream_id)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecca88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+)
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.proxy")
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    override_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key exists
+    in both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else list(default_headers)
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else list(override_headers)
+    has_override = set(key.lower() for key, value in override_headers)
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class HTTPProxy(ConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            proxy_auth: Any proxy authentication as a two-tuple of
+                (username, password). May be either bytes or ascii-only str.
+            proxy_headers: Any HTTP headers to use for the proxy requests.
+                For example `{"Proxy-Authorization": "Basic <username>:<password>"}`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            proxy_ssl_context: The same as `ssl_context`, but for a proxy server rather than a remote origin.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            uds=uds,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if (
+            self._proxy_url.scheme == b"http" and proxy_ssl_context is not None
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The `proxy_ssl_context` argument is not allowed for the http scheme"
+            )
+
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[0], name="proxy_auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[1], name="proxy_auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self._proxy_headers = [
+                (b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)
+            ] + self._proxy_headers
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if origin.scheme == b"http":
+            return ForwardHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            )
+        return TunnelHTTPConnection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class ForwardHTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = HTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        headers = merge_headers(self._proxy_headers, request.headers)
+        url = URL(
+            scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+            host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+            port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+            target=bytes(request.url),
+        )
+        proxy_request = Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        return self._connection.handle_request(proxy_request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._connection.close()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+
+class TunnelHTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface = HTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._connect_lock = Lock()
+        self._connected = False
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        with self._connect_lock:
+            if not self._connected:
+                target = b"%b:%d" % (self._remote_origin.host, self._remote_origin.port)
+
+                connect_url = URL(
+                    scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+                    host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+                    port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+                    target=target,
+                )
+                connect_headers = merge_headers(
+                    [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")], self._proxy_headers
+                )
+                connect_request = Request(
+                    method=b"CONNECT",
+                    url=connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    extensions=request.extensions,
+                )
+                connect_response = self._connection.handle_request(
+                    connect_request
+                )
+
+                if connect_response.status < 200 or connect_response.status > 299:
+                    reason_bytes = connect_response.extensions.get("reason_phrase", b"")
+                    reason_str = reason_bytes.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (connect_response.status, reason_str)
+                    self._connection.close()
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                stream = connect_response.extensions["network_stream"]
+
+                # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                ssl_context = (
+                    default_ssl_context()
+                    if self._ssl_context is None
+                    else self._ssl_context
+                )
+                alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                    "server_hostname": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                    "timeout": timeout,
+                }
+                with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                    trace.return_value = stream
+
+                # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                http2_negotiated = (
+                    ssl_object is not None
+                    and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                )
+
+                # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                    from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                    self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+
+                self._connected = True
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._connection.close()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e673d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Extensions,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+    include_request_headers,
+)
+
+
+class RequestInterface:
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.handle_request(request)
+        try:
+            response.read()
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+        return response
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def stream(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.handle_request(request)
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class ConnectionInterface(RequestInterface):
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an
+        outgoing request.
+
+        An HTTP/1.1 connection will only be available if it is currently idle.
+
+        An HTTP/2 connection will be available so long as the stream ID space is
+        not yet exhausted, and the connection is not in an error state.
+
+        While the connection is being established we may not yet know if it is going
+        to result in an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection. The connection should be
+        treated as being available, but might ultimately raise `NewConnectionRequired`
+        required exceptions if multiple requests are attempted over a connection
+        that ends up being established as HTTP/1.1.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+
+        This either means that the connection is idle and it has passed the
+        expiry time on its keep-alive, or that server has sent an EOF.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+
+        Used when a response is closed to determine if the connection may be
+        returned to the connection pool or not.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ca96dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+
+import socksio
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, ProxyError
+from .._models import URL, Origin, Request, Response, enforce_bytes, enforce_url
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.socks")
+
+
+AUTH_METHODS = {
+    b"\x00": "NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED",
+    b"\x01": "GSSAPI",
+    b"\x02": "USERNAME/PASSWORD",
+    b"\xff": "NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS",
+}
+
+REPLY_CODES = {
+    b"\x00": "Succeeded",
+    b"\x01": "General SOCKS server failure",
+    b"\x02": "Connection not allowed by ruleset",
+    b"\x03": "Network unreachable",
+    b"\x04": "Host unreachable",
+    b"\x05": "Connection refused",
+    b"\x06": "TTL expired",
+    b"\x07": "Command not supported",
+    b"\x08": "Address type not supported",
+}
+
+
+def _init_socks5_connection(
+    stream: NetworkStream,
+    *,
+    host: bytes,
+    port: int,
+    auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    conn = socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Connection()
+
+    # Auth method request
+    auth_method = (
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.NO_AUTH_REQUIRED
+        if auth is None
+        else socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD
+    )
+    conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethodsRequest([auth_method]))
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Auth method response
+    incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthReply)
+    if response.method != auth_method:
+        requested = AUTH_METHODS.get(auth_method, "UNKNOWN")
+        responded = AUTH_METHODS.get(response.method, "UNKNOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(
+            f"Requested {requested} from proxy server, but got {responded}."
+        )
+
+    if response.method == socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD:
+        # Username/password request
+        assert auth is not None
+        username, password = auth
+        conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordRequest(username, password))
+        outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+        stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+        # Username/password response
+        incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+        response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+        assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordReply)
+        if not response.success:
+            raise ProxyError("Invalid username/password")
+
+    # Connect request
+    conn.send(
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5CommandRequest.from_address(
+            socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Command.CONNECT, (host, port)
+        )
+    )
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Connect response
+    incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Reply)
+    if response.reply_code != socksio.socks5.SOCKS5ReplyCode.SUCCEEDED:
+        reply_code = REPLY_CODES.get(response.reply_code, "UNKOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(f"Proxy Server could not connect: {reply_code}.")
+
+
+class SOCKSProxy(ConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+        )
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username, password = proxy_auth
+            username_bytes = enforce_bytes(username, name="proxy_auth")
+            password_bytes = enforce_bytes(password, name="proxy_auth")
+            self._proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (
+                username_bytes,
+                password_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._proxy_auth = None
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        return Socks5Connection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            proxy_auth=self._proxy_auth,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class Socks5Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._proxy_auth = proxy_auth
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+        self._network_backend: NetworkBackend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connect_lock = Lock()
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed = False
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        with self._connect_lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                try:
+                    # Connect to the proxy
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._proxy_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._proxy_origin.port,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Connect to the remote host using socks5
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "stream": stream,
+                        "host": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._remote_origin.port,
+                        "auth": self._proxy_auth,
+                    }
+                    with Trace(
+                        "setup_socks5_connection", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        _init_socks5_connection(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                    if self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https":
+                        ssl_context = (
+                            default_ssl_context()
+                            if self._ssl_context is None
+                            else self._ssl_context
+                        )
+                        alpn_protocols = (
+                            ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                        )
+                        ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                        kwargs = {
+                            "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                            "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                            or self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                            "timeout": timeout,
+                        }
+                        with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                            stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                            trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+
+                    # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                    if http2_negotiated or (
+                        self._http2 and not self._http1
+                    ):  # pragma: nocover
+                        from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise exc
+            elif not self._connection.is_available():  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            self._connection.close()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_synchronization.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ecc9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import threading
+import types
+
+from ._exceptions import ExceptionMapping, PoolTimeout, map_exceptions
+
+# Our async synchronization primatives use either 'anyio' or 'trio' depending
+# on if they're running under asyncio or trio.
+
+try:
+    import trio
+except (ImportError, NotImplementedError):  # pragma: nocover
+    trio = None  # type: ignore
+
+try:
+    import anyio
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+    anyio = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str:
+    # Determine if we're running under trio or asyncio.
+    # See https://sniffio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+    try:
+        import sniffio
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+        environment = "asyncio"
+    else:
+        environment = sniffio.current_async_library()
+
+    if environment not in ("asyncio", "trio"):  # pragma: nocover
+        raise RuntimeError("Running under an unsupported async environment.")
+
+    if environment == "asyncio" and anyio is None:  # pragma: nocover
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Running with asyncio requires installation of 'httpcore[asyncio]'."
+        )
+
+    if environment == "trio" and trio is None:  # pragma: nocover
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Running with trio requires installation of 'httpcore[trio]'."
+        )
+
+    return environment
+
+
+class AsyncLock:
+    """
+    This is a standard lock.
+
+    In the sync case `Lock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncLock` provides async locking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._backend = ""
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a lock with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_lock = trio.Lock()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_lock = anyio.Lock()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            await self._trio_lock.acquire()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            await self._anyio_lock.acquire()
+
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_lock.release()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_lock.release()
+
+
+class AsyncThreadLock:
+    """
+    This is a threading-only lock for no-I/O contexts.
+
+    In the sync case `ThreadLock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncThreadLock` is a no-op.
+    """
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> AsyncThreadLock:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncEvent:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._backend = ""
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a lock with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_event = trio.Event()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_event = anyio.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_event.set()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_event.set()
+
+    async def wait(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            trio_exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {trio.TooSlowError: PoolTimeout}
+            timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+            with map_exceptions(trio_exc_map):
+                with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                    await self._trio_event.wait()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            anyio_exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {TimeoutError: PoolTimeout}
+            with map_exceptions(anyio_exc_map):
+                with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                    await self._anyio_event.wait()
+
+
+class AsyncSemaphore:
+    def __init__(self, bound: int) -> None:
+        self._bound = bound
+        self._backend = ""
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a semaphore with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_semaphore = trio.Semaphore(
+                initial_value=self._bound, max_value=self._bound
+            )
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_semaphore = anyio.Semaphore(
+                initial_value=self._bound, max_value=self._bound
+            )
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            await self._trio_semaphore.acquire()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            await self._anyio_semaphore.acquire()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_semaphore.release()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_semaphore.release()
+
+
+class AsyncShieldCancellation:
+    # For certain portions of our codebase where we're dealing with
+    # closing connections during exception handling we want to shield
+    # the operation from being cancelled.
+    #
+    # with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+    #     ... # clean-up operations, shielded from cancellation.
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a shielded scope with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_shield = trio.CancelScope(shield=True)
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_shield = anyio.CancelScope(shield=True)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> AsyncShieldCancellation:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_shield.__enter__()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_shield.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_shield.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_shield.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+# Our thread-based synchronization primitives...
+
+
+class Lock:
+    """
+    This is a standard lock.
+
+    In the sync case `Lock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncLock` provides async locking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Lock:
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+
+class ThreadLock:
+    """
+    This is a threading-only lock for no-I/O contexts.
+
+    In the sync case `ThreadLock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncThreadLock` is a no-op.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ThreadLock:
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+
+class Event:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._event = threading.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self._event.set()
+
+    def wait(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if timeout == float("inf"):  # pragma: no cover
+            timeout = None
+        if not self._event.wait(timeout=timeout):
+            raise PoolTimeout()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class Semaphore:
+    def __init__(self, bound: int) -> None:
+        self._semaphore = threading.Semaphore(value=bound)
+
+    def acquire(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+
+class ShieldCancellation:
+    # Thread-synchronous codebases don't support cancellation semantics.
+    # We have this class because we need to mirror the async and sync
+    # cases within our package, but it's just a no-op.
+    def __enter__(self) -> ShieldCancellation:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_trace.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_trace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1cd7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_trace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+import types
+import typing
+
+from ._models import Request
+
+
+class Trace:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        logger: logging.Logger,
+        request: Request | None = None,
+        kwargs: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.trace_extension = (
+            None if request is None else request.extensions.get("trace")
+        )
+        self.debug = self.logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+        self.kwargs = kwargs or {}
+        self.return_value: typing.Any = None
+        self.should_trace = self.debug or self.trace_extension is not None
+        self.prefix = self.logger.name.split(".")[-1]
+
+    def trace(self, name: str, info: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        if self.trace_extension is not None:
+            prefix_and_name = f"{self.prefix}.{name}"
+            ret = self.trace_extension(prefix_and_name, info)
+            if inspect.iscoroutine(ret):  # pragma: no cover
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "If you are using a synchronous interface, "
+                    "the callback of the `trace` extension should "
+                    "be a normal function instead of an asynchronous function."
+                )
+
+        if self.debug:
+            if not info or "return_value" in info and info["return_value"] is None:
+                message = name
+            else:
+                args = " ".join([f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in info.items()])
+                message = f"{name} {args}"
+            self.logger.debug(message)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Trace:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            info = self.kwargs
+            self.trace(f"{self.name}.started", info)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            if exc_value is None:
+                info = {"return_value": self.return_value}
+                self.trace(f"{self.name}.complete", info)
+            else:
+                info = {"exception": exc_value}
+                self.trace(f"{self.name}.failed", info)
+
+    async def atrace(self, name: str, info: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        if self.trace_extension is not None:
+            prefix_and_name = f"{self.prefix}.{name}"
+            coro = self.trace_extension(prefix_and_name, info)
+            if not inspect.iscoroutine(coro):  # pragma: no cover
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "If you're using an asynchronous interface, "
+                    "the callback of the `trace` extension should "
+                    "be an asynchronous function rather than a normal function."
+                )
+            await coro
+
+        if self.debug:
+            if not info or "return_value" in info and info["return_value"] is None:
+                message = name
+            else:
+                args = " ".join([f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in info.items()])
+                message = f"{name} {args}"
+            self.logger.debug(message)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Trace:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            info = self.kwargs
+            await self.atrace(f"{self.name}.started", info)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            if exc_value is None:
+                info = {"return_value": self.return_value}
+                await self.atrace(f"{self.name}.complete", info)
+            else:
+                info = {"exception": exc_value}
+                await self.atrace(f"{self.name}.failed", info)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c44ff93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import select
+import socket
+import sys
+
+
+def is_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket | None) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether a socket, as identifed by its file descriptor, is readable.
+    "A socket is readable" means that the read buffer isn't empty, i.e. that calling
+    .recv() on it would immediately return some data.
+    """
+    # NOTE: we want check for readability without actually attempting to read, because
+    # we don't want to block forever if it's not readable.
+
+    # In the case that the socket no longer exists, or cannot return a file
+    # descriptor, we treat it as being readable, as if it the next read operation
+    # on it is ready to return the terminating `b""`.
+    sock_fd = None if sock is None else sock.fileno()
+    if sock_fd is None or sock_fd < 0:  # pragma: nocover
+        return True
+
+    # The implementation below was stolen from:
+    # https://github.com/python-trio/trio/blob/20ee2b1b7376db637435d80e266212a35837ddcc/trio/_socket.py#L471-L478
+    # See also: https://github.com/encode/httpcore/pull/193#issuecomment-703129316
+
+    # Use select.select on Windows, and when poll is unavailable and select.poll
+    # everywhere else. (E.g. When eventlet is in use. See #327)
+    if (
+        sys.platform == "win32" or getattr(select, "poll", None) is None
+    ):  # pragma: nocover
+        rready, _, _ = select.select([sock_fd], [], [], 0)
+        return bool(rready)
+    p = select.poll()
+    p.register(sock_fd, select.POLLIN)
+    return bool(p.poll(0))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a74ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: httptools
+Version: 0.8.0
+Summary: A collection of framework independent HTTP protocol utils.
+Author-email: Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/MagicStack/httptools
+Platform: macOS
+Platform: POSIX
+Platform: Windows
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT
+License-File: vendor/llhttp/LICENSE
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: platform
+
+![Tests](https://github.com/MagicStack/httptools/workflows/Tests/badge.svg)
+
+httptools is a Python binding for the nodejs HTTP parser.
+
+The package is available on PyPI: `pip install httptools`.
+
+
+# APIs
+
+httptools contains two classes `httptools.HttpRequestParser`,
+`httptools.HttpResponseParser` (fulfilled through
+[llhttp](https://github.com/nodejs/llhttp)) and a function for
+parsing URLs `httptools.parse_url` (through
+[http-parse](https://github.com/nodejs/http-parser) for now).
+See unittests for examples.
+
+
+```python
+
+class HttpRequestParser:
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        """HttpRequestParser
+
+        protocol -- a Python object with the following methods
+        (all optional):
+
+          - on_message_begin()
+          - on_url(url: bytes)
+          - on_header(name: bytes, value: bytes)
+          - on_headers_complete()
+          - on_body(body: bytes)
+          - on_message_complete()
+          - on_chunk_header()
+          - on_chunk_complete()
+          - on_status(status: bytes)
+        """
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        """Return an HTTP protocol version."""
+
+    def should_keep_alive(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if keep-alive mode is preferred."""
+
+    def should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if the parsed request is a valid Upgrade request.
+	The method exposes a flag set just before on_headers_complete.
+	Calling this method earlier will only yield `False`.
+	"""
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: bytes):
+        """Feed data to the parser.
+
+        Will eventually trigger callbacks on the ``protocol``
+        object.
+
+        On HTTP upgrade, this method will raise an
+        ``HttpParserUpgrade`` exception, with its sole argument
+        set to the offset of the non-HTTP data in ``data``.
+        """
+
+    def get_method(self) -> bytes:
+        """Return HTTP request method (GET, HEAD, etc)"""
+
+
+class HttpResponseParser:
+
+    """Has all methods except ``get_method()`` that
+    HttpRequestParser has."""
+
+    def get_status_code(self) -> int:
+        """Return the status code of the HTTP response"""
+
+
+def parse_url(url: bytes):
+    """Parse URL strings into a structured Python object.
+
+    Returns an instance of ``httptools.URL`` class with the
+    following attributes:
+
+      - schema: bytes
+      - host: bytes
+      - port: int
+      - path: bytes
+      - query: bytes
+      - fragment: bytes
+      - userinfo: bytes
+    """
+```
+
+
+# Development
+
+1. Clone this repository with
+   `git clone --recursive git@github.com:MagicStack/httptools.git`
+
+2. Create a virtual environment with Python 3:
+   `python3 -m venv envname`
+
+3. Activate the environment with `source envname/bin/activate`
+
+4. Run `make` and `make test`.
+
+
+# License
+
+MIT.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b1562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=e1wCMVgLWJ53IbER83MkJ28qWFvC0nrt1nKX4Mm0vag,3532
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=jnfgtOKpZgXQY_8bPb3ofgKXDQaHNqKyWvxmOqbQjJY,186
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=9Fc-fLdnZ0X7W402-lSKqT45HPtoct2s1lEwxF6mqS0,1093
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT,sha256=eea6i2h8tUeGIHNCubb87grBAhhFPtkAm4TZSbIjPMA,1077
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE,sha256=YoFo1ou1qKF-C777O9dOMm4e3CBYPXb1L0V8gskhhn0,1069
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=APjJKTbZcj0OQ4fdgf2eTCk82nK1n2BFXOD7ky41MPY,10
+httptools/__init__.py,sha256=5FrvIRB4KWQy9MO7fXTzhFIBVQ_geDUAcP9hB94MHRY,724
+httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/_version.py,sha256=jz9ncH6Q_1sypkwuNRFyIyKs9DNz63aK9VTDq7TYxe8,575
+httptools/parser/__init__.py,sha256=ikrHsTTc_H41IFyhPUgfHYRuDogVjV5nsopNTCOGKOY,676
+httptools/parser/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/parser/__pycache__/errors.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/parser/__pycache__/protocol.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/parser/cparser.pxd,sha256=4qBxnma83Vz86Z9sOZRxjqYj20A-aLSWVGXZgTVLJqE,4977
+httptools/parser/errors.py,sha256=ZVrtN1smPIb_opQ2Ud3uCbGlNLMlECYM2-6S7r5LnHs,566
+httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=WYYefImjltt6bYpwBj90yq8u97lP6Xev448VOymrqI8,1262976
+httptools/parser/parser.pyi,sha256=crxDQJZEXeHzy6Qwn210KO57Dzrvhn9RYuMqn8wJYLo,2157
+httptools/parser/parser.pyx,sha256=x0BUY9EzHNKCDaw-U8bkZ1MaKGtrOQ8iVCm1IuOtEQI,15140
+httptools/parser/protocol.py,sha256=iHq_x2zO8L_jx0-qiVIopwz2GUZUeB4_PLPzE2kWdzY,586
+httptools/parser/python.pxd,sha256=zWCdGZh34fyQNt3BUHIUjPqY8a5sodRUkfdABxqYHgQ,138
+httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd,sha256=X5dDI8A7T0l5HL_Czt0mTs0l_d2lXnUDHx1TN8LeiCM,779
+httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=N4BX8GIpfVCLrAbA-XIXXRpzHxWvbdmezw535tZsOyw,496168
+httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi,sha256=P8tHf5tD3HYzV9eBvT1UrPpTNyE57sKG1hMFCd0g1Sc,292
+httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx,sha256=7n2ElLbWFM2ceVA8w0pVo5JgtnkL2xo2OqIRe_ngIMg,4235
+httptools/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81d8bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux1_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79a03ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 MagicStack Inc.  http://magic.io
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ec0ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE. 
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23682c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright © 2018 Fedor Indutny
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bef3b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+httptools
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b7b327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from . import parser
+from .parser import (
+    HTTPProtocol,
+    HttpRequestParser,
+    HttpResponseParser,
+    HttpParserError,
+    HttpParserCallbackError,
+    HttpParserInvalidStatusError,
+    HttpParserInvalidMethodError,
+    HttpParserInvalidURLError,
+    HttpParserUpgrade,
+    parse_url,
+)
+
+from ._version import __version__
+
+__all__ = (
+    "parser",
+    # protocol
+    "HTTPProtocol",
+    # parser
+    "HttpRequestParser",
+    "HttpResponseParser",
+    # errors
+    "HttpParserError",
+    "HttpParserCallbackError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidStatusError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidMethodError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidURLError",
+    "HttpParserUpgrade",
+    # url parser
+    "parse_url",
+    # version
+    "__version__",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/_version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8b0ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file MUST NOT contain anything but the __version__ assignment.
+#
+# When making a release, change the value of __version__
+# to an appropriate value, and open a pull request against
+# the correct branch (master if making a new feature release).
+# The commit message MUST contain a properly formatted release
+# log, and the commit must be signed.
+#
+# The release automation will: build and test the packages for the
+# supported platforms, publish the packages on PyPI, merge the PR
+# to the target branch, create a Git tag pointing to the commit.
+
+__version__ = '0.8.0'
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f57517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from .protocol import HTTPProtocol
+from .parser import HttpRequestParser, HttpResponseParser  # NoQA
+from .errors import (
+    HttpParserError,
+    HttpParserCallbackError,
+    HttpParserInvalidStatusError,
+    HttpParserInvalidMethodError,
+    HttpParserInvalidURLError,
+    HttpParserUpgrade,
+)
+from .url_parser import parse_url
+
+__all__ = (
+    # protocol
+    "HTTPProtocol",
+    # parser
+    "HttpRequestParser",
+    "HttpResponseParser",
+    # errors
+    "HttpParserError",
+    "HttpParserCallbackError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidStatusError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidMethodError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidURLError",
+    "HttpParserUpgrade",
+    # url_parser
+    "parse_url",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/errors.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/errors.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/protocol.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/protocol.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/cparser.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/cparser.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3281864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/cparser.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport int32_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint64_t
+
+
+cdef extern from "llhttp.h":
+    struct llhttp__internal_s:
+        int32_t _index
+        void *_span_pos0
+        void *_span_cb0
+        int32_t error
+        const char *reason
+        const char *error_pos
+        void *data
+        void *_current
+        uint64_t content_length
+        uint8_t type
+        uint8_t method
+        uint8_t http_major
+        uint8_t http_minor
+        uint8_t header_state
+        uint16_t flags
+        uint8_t upgrade
+        uint16_t status_code
+        uint8_t finish
+        void *settings
+    ctypedef llhttp__internal_s llhttp__internal_t
+    ctypedef llhttp__internal_t llhttp_t
+
+    ctypedef int (*llhttp_data_cb) (llhttp_t*,
+                                  const char *at,
+                                  size_t length) except -1
+
+    ctypedef int (*llhttp_cb) (llhttp_t*) except -1
+
+    struct llhttp_settings_s:
+        llhttp_cb      on_message_begin
+        llhttp_data_cb on_url
+        llhttp_data_cb on_status
+        llhttp_data_cb on_header_field
+        llhttp_data_cb on_header_value
+        llhttp_cb      on_headers_complete
+        llhttp_data_cb on_body
+        llhttp_cb      on_message_complete
+        llhttp_cb      on_chunk_header
+        llhttp_cb      on_chunk_complete
+    ctypedef llhttp_settings_s llhttp_settings_t
+
+    enum llhttp_type:
+        HTTP_BOTH,
+        HTTP_REQUEST,
+        HTTP_RESPONSE
+    ctypedef llhttp_type llhttp_type_t
+
+    enum llhttp_errno:
+        HPE_OK,
+        HPE_INTERNAL,
+        HPE_STRICT,
+        HPE_LF_EXPECTED,
+        HPE_UNEXPECTED_CONTENT_LENGTH,
+        HPE_CLOSED_CONNECTION,
+        HPE_INVALID_METHOD,
+        HPE_INVALID_URL,
+        HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT,
+        HPE_INVALID_VERSION,
+        HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN,
+        HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH,
+        HPE_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE,
+        HPE_INVALID_STATUS,
+        HPE_INVALID_EOF_STATE,
+        HPE_INVALID_TRANSFER_ENCODING,
+        HPE_CB_MESSAGE_BEGIN,
+        HPE_CB_HEADERS_COMPLETE,
+        HPE_CB_MESSAGE_COMPLETE,
+        HPE_CB_CHUNK_HEADER,
+        HPE_CB_CHUNK_COMPLETE,
+        HPE_PAUSED,
+        HPE_PAUSED_UPGRADE,
+        HPE_USER
+    ctypedef llhttp_errno llhttp_errno_t
+
+    enum llhttp_flags:
+        F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE,
+        F_CONNECTION_CLOSE,
+        F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE,
+        F_CHUNKED,
+        F_UPGRADE,
+        F_CONTENT_LENGTH,
+        F_SKIPBODY,
+        F_TRAILING,
+        F_LENIENT,
+        F_TRANSFER_ENCODING
+    ctypedef llhttp_flags llhttp_flags_t
+
+    enum llhttp_method:
+        HTTP_DELETE,
+        HTTP_GET,
+        HTTP_HEAD,
+        HTTP_POST,
+        HTTP_PUT,
+        HTTP_CONNECT,
+        HTTP_OPTIONS,
+        HTTP_TRACE,
+        HTTP_COPY,
+        HTTP_LOCK,
+        HTTP_MKCOL,
+        HTTP_MOVE,
+        HTTP_PROPFIND,
+        HTTP_PROPPATCH,
+        HTTP_SEARCH,
+        HTTP_UNLOCK,
+        HTTP_BIND,
+        HTTP_REBIND,
+        HTTP_UNBIND,
+        HTTP_ACL,
+        HTTP_REPORT,
+        HTTP_MKACTIVITY,
+        HTTP_CHECKOUT,
+        HTTP_MERGE,
+        HTTP_MSEARCH,
+        HTTP_NOTIFY,
+        HTTP_SUBSCRIBE,
+        HTTP_UNSUBSCRIBE,
+        HTTP_PATCH,
+        HTTP_PURGE,
+        HTTP_MKCALENDAR,
+        HTTP_LINK,
+        HTTP_UNLINK,
+        HTTP_SOURCE,
+        HTTP_PRI,
+        HTTP_DESCRIBE,
+        HTTP_ANNOUNCE,
+        HTTP_SETUP,
+        HTTP_PLAY,
+        HTTP_PAUSE,
+        HTTP_TEARDOWN,
+        HTTP_GET_PARAMETER,
+        HTTP_SET_PARAMETER,
+        HTTP_REDIRECT,
+        HTTP_RECORD,
+        HTTP_FLUSH
+    ctypedef llhttp_method llhttp_method_t
+
+    void llhttp_init(llhttp_t* parser, llhttp_type_t type, const llhttp_settings_t* settings)
+
+    void llhttp_settings_init(llhttp_settings_t* settings)
+
+    llhttp_errno_t llhttp_execute(llhttp_t* parser, const char* data, size_t len)
+
+    void llhttp_resume_after_upgrade(llhttp_t* parser)
+
+    int llhttp_should_keep_alive(const llhttp_t* parser)
+
+    const char* llhttp_get_error_pos(const llhttp_t* parser)
+    const char* llhttp_get_error_reason(const llhttp_t* parser)
+    const char* llhttp_method_name(llhttp_method_t method)
+
+    void llhttp_set_error_reason(llhttp_t* parser, const char* reason);
+
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_headers(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_chunked_length(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_keep_alive(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_transfer_encoding(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_version(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_data_after_close(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_optional_lf_after_cr(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_optional_cr_before_lf(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/errors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc24c46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+__all__ = ('HttpParserError',
+           'HttpParserCallbackError',
+           'HttpParserInvalidStatusError',
+           'HttpParserInvalidMethodError',
+           'HttpParserInvalidURLError',
+           'HttpParserUpgrade')
+
+
+class HttpParserError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserCallbackError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserInvalidStatusError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserInvalidMethodError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserInvalidURLError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserUpgrade(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..89597ee
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8afd006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from array import array
+from .protocol import HTTPProtocol
+
+class HttpParser:
+    def __init__(self, protocol: HTTPProtocol | object) -> None:
+        """The HTTP parser.
+
+        Args:
+            protocol (HTTPProtocol): Callback interface for the parser.
+        """
+
+    def set_dangerous_leniencies(
+        self,
+        lenient_headers: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_chunked_length: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_keep_alive: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_transfer_encoding: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_version: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_data_after_close: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_optional_lf_after_cr: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_optional_cr_before_lf: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set dangerous leniencies for the parser."""
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        """Retrieve the HTTP protocol version e.g. "1.1"."""
+
+    def should_keep_alive(self) -> bool:
+        """Return `True` if keep-alive mode is preferred."""
+
+    def should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        """Return `True` if the parsed request is a valid Upgrade request.
+        The method exposes a flag set just before on_headers_complete.
+        Calling this method earlier will only yield `False`."""
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: bytes | bytearray | memoryview | array[int]) -> None:
+        """Feed data to the parser.
+
+        Will eventually trigger callbacks on the ``protocol`` object.
+
+        On HTTP upgrade, this method will raise an
+        ``HttpParserUpgrade`` exception, with its sole argument
+        set to the offset of the non-HTTP data in ``data``.
+        """
+
+class HttpRequestParser(HttpParser):
+    """Used for parsing http requests from the server side."""
+
+    def get_method(self) -> bytes:
+        """Retrieve the HTTP method of the request."""
+
+class HttpResponseParser(HttpParser):
+    """Used for parsing http responses from the client side."""
+
+    def get_status_code(self) -> int:
+        """Retrieve the status code of the HTTP response."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fa5026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#cython: language_level=3
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+from typing import Optional
+
+from cpython.mem cimport PyMem_Malloc, PyMem_Free
+from cpython cimport PyObject_GetBuffer, PyBuffer_Release, PyBUF_SIMPLE, \
+                     Py_buffer, PyBytes_AsString
+
+from .python cimport PyMemoryView_Check, PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER
+
+
+from .errors import (HttpParserError,
+                     HttpParserCallbackError,
+                     HttpParserInvalidStatusError,
+                     HttpParserInvalidMethodError,
+                     HttpParserInvalidURLError,
+                     HttpParserUpgrade)
+
+cimport cython
+from . cimport cparser
+
+
+__all__ = ('HttpRequestParser', 'HttpResponseParser')
+
+
+@cython.internal
+cdef class HttpParser:
+
+    cdef:
+        cparser.llhttp_t* _cparser
+        cparser.llhttp_settings_t* _csettings
+
+        bytes _current_header_name
+        bytes _current_header_value
+
+        _proto_on_url, _proto_on_status, _proto_on_body, \
+        _proto_on_header, _proto_on_headers_complete, \
+        _proto_on_message_complete, _proto_on_chunk_header, \
+        _proto_on_chunk_complete, _proto_on_message_begin
+
+        object _last_error
+
+        Py_buffer py_buf
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._cparser = <cparser.llhttp_t*> \
+                                PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(cparser.llhttp_t))
+        if self._cparser is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        self._csettings = <cparser.llhttp_settings_t*> \
+                                PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(cparser.llhttp_settings_t))
+        if self._csettings is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        PyMem_Free(self._cparser)
+        PyMem_Free(self._csettings)
+
+    cdef _init(self, protocol, cparser.llhttp_type_t mode):
+        cparser.llhttp_settings_init(self._csettings)
+
+        cparser.llhttp_init(self._cparser, mode, self._csettings)
+        self._cparser.data = <void*>self
+
+        self._current_header_name = None
+        self._current_header_value = None
+
+        self._proto_on_header = getattr(protocol, 'on_header', None)
+        if self._proto_on_header is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_header_field = cb_on_header_field
+            self._csettings.on_header_value = cb_on_header_value
+        self._proto_on_headers_complete = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_headers_complete', None)
+        self._csettings.on_headers_complete = cb_on_headers_complete
+
+        self._proto_on_body = getattr(protocol, 'on_body', None)
+        if self._proto_on_body is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_body = cb_on_body
+
+        self._proto_on_message_begin = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_message_begin', None)
+        if self._proto_on_message_begin is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_message_begin = cb_on_message_begin
+
+        self._proto_on_message_complete = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_message_complete', None)
+        if self._proto_on_message_complete is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_message_complete = cb_on_message_complete
+
+        self._proto_on_chunk_header = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_chunk_header', None)
+        self._csettings.on_chunk_header = cb_on_chunk_header
+
+        self._proto_on_chunk_complete = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_chunk_complete', None)
+        self._csettings.on_chunk_complete = cb_on_chunk_complete
+
+        self._last_error = None
+
+    cdef _maybe_call_on_header(self):
+        if self._current_header_value is not None:
+            current_header_name = self._current_header_name
+            current_header_value = self._current_header_value
+
+            self._current_header_name = self._current_header_value = None
+
+            if self._proto_on_header is not None:
+                self._proto_on_header(current_header_name,
+                                      current_header_value)
+
+    cdef _on_header_field(self, bytes field):
+        self._maybe_call_on_header()
+        if self._current_header_name is None:
+            self._current_header_name = field
+        else:
+            self._current_header_name += field
+
+    cdef _on_header_value(self, bytes val):
+        if self._current_header_value is None:
+            self._current_header_value = val
+        else:
+            # This is unlikely, as mostly HTTP headers are one-line
+            self._current_header_value += val
+
+    cdef _on_headers_complete(self):
+        self._maybe_call_on_header()
+
+        if self._proto_on_headers_complete is not None:
+            self._proto_on_headers_complete()
+
+    cdef _on_chunk_header(self):
+        if (self._current_header_value is not None or
+            self._current_header_name is not None):
+            raise HttpParserError('invalid headers state')
+
+        if self._proto_on_chunk_header is not None:
+            self._proto_on_chunk_header()
+
+    cdef _on_chunk_complete(self):
+        self._maybe_call_on_header()
+
+        if self._proto_on_chunk_complete is not None:
+            self._proto_on_chunk_complete()
+
+    ### Public API ###
+
+    def set_dangerous_leniencies(
+        self,
+        lenient_headers: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_chunked_length: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_keep_alive: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_transfer_encoding: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_version: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_data_after_close: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_optional_lf_after_cr: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_optional_cr_before_lf: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        if lenient_headers is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_headers(
+                parser, lenient_headers)
+        if lenient_chunked_length is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_chunked_length(
+                parser, lenient_chunked_length)
+        if lenient_keep_alive is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_keep_alive(
+                parser, lenient_keep_alive)
+        if lenient_transfer_encoding is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_transfer_encoding(
+                parser, lenient_transfer_encoding)
+        if lenient_version is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_version(
+                parser, lenient_version)
+        if lenient_data_after_close is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_data_after_close(
+                parser, lenient_data_after_close)
+        if lenient_optional_lf_after_cr is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_optional_lf_after_cr(
+                parser, lenient_optional_lf_after_cr)
+        if lenient_optional_cr_before_lf is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_optional_cr_before_lf(
+                parser, lenient_optional_cr_before_lf)
+        if lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk(
+                parser, lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk)
+        if lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size(
+                parser, lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size)
+
+    def get_http_version(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return '{}.{}'.format(parser.http_major, parser.http_minor)
+
+    def should_keep_alive(self):
+        return bool(cparser.llhttp_should_keep_alive(self._cparser))
+
+    def should_upgrade(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return bool(parser.upgrade)
+
+    def feed_data(self, data):
+        cdef:
+            size_t data_len
+            cparser.llhttp_errno_t err
+            Py_buffer *buf
+            bint owning_buf = False
+            const char* err_pos
+
+        if PyMemoryView_Check(data):
+            buf = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(data)
+            data_len = <size_t>buf.len
+            err = cparser.llhttp_execute(
+                self._cparser,
+                <char*>buf.buf,
+                data_len)
+
+        else:
+            buf = &self.py_buf
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(data, buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+            owning_buf = True
+            data_len = <size_t>buf.len
+
+            err = cparser.llhttp_execute(
+                self._cparser,
+                <char*>buf.buf,
+                data_len)
+
+        try:
+            if self._cparser.upgrade == 1 and err == cparser.HPE_PAUSED_UPGRADE:
+                err_pos = cparser.llhttp_get_error_pos(self._cparser)
+
+                # Immediately free the parser from "error" state, simulating
+                # http-parser behavior here because 1) we never had the API to
+                # allow users manually "resume after upgrade", and 2) the use
+                # case for resuming parsing is very rare.
+                cparser.llhttp_resume_after_upgrade(self._cparser)
+
+                # The err_pos here is specific for the input buf. So if we ever
+                # switch to the llhttp behavior (re-raise HttpParserUpgrade for
+                # successive calls to feed_data() until resume_after_upgrade is
+                # called), we have to store the result and keep our own state.
+                raise HttpParserUpgrade(err_pos - <char*>buf.buf)
+        finally:
+            if owning_buf:
+                PyBuffer_Release(buf)
+
+        if err != cparser.HPE_OK:
+            ex = parser_error_from_errno(
+                self._cparser,
+                <cparser.llhttp_errno_t> self._cparser.error)
+            if isinstance(ex, HttpParserCallbackError):
+                if self._last_error is not None:
+                    ex.__context__ = self._last_error
+                    self._last_error = None
+            raise ex
+
+
+cdef class HttpRequestParser(HttpParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._init(protocol, cparser.HTTP_REQUEST)
+
+        self._proto_on_url = getattr(protocol, 'on_url', None)
+        if self._proto_on_url is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_url = cb_on_url
+
+    def get_method(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return cparser.llhttp_method_name(<cparser.llhttp_method_t> parser.method)
+
+
+cdef class HttpResponseParser(HttpParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._init(protocol, cparser.HTTP_RESPONSE)
+
+        self._proto_on_status = getattr(protocol, 'on_status', None)
+        if self._proto_on_status is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_status = cb_on_status
+
+    def get_status_code(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return parser.status_code
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_message_begin(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_message_begin()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_url(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                   const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_url(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_url` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_status(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                      const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_status(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_status` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_header_field(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                            const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_header_field(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_header_field` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_header_value(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                            const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_header_value(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_header_value` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_headers_complete(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_headers_complete()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        if pyparser._cparser.upgrade:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_body(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                    const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_body(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_body` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_message_complete(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_message_complete()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_chunk_header(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_chunk_header()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_chunk_complete(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_chunk_complete()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef parser_error_from_errno(cparser.llhttp_t* parser, cparser.llhttp_errno_t errno):
+    cdef bytes reason = cparser.llhttp_get_error_reason(parser)
+
+    if errno in (cparser.HPE_CB_MESSAGE_BEGIN,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_HEADERS_COMPLETE,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_MESSAGE_COMPLETE,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_CHUNK_HEADER,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_CHUNK_COMPLETE,
+                 cparser.HPE_USER):
+        cls = HttpParserCallbackError
+
+    elif errno == cparser.HPE_INVALID_STATUS:
+        cls = HttpParserInvalidStatusError
+
+    elif errno == cparser.HPE_INVALID_METHOD:
+        cls = HttpParserInvalidMethodError
+
+    elif errno == cparser.HPE_INVALID_URL:
+        cls = HttpParserInvalidURLError
+
+    else:
+        cls = HttpParserError
+
+    return cls(reason.decode('latin-1'))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/protocol.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae00523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from typing import Protocol
+
+
+class HTTPProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Used for providing static type-checking when parsing through the http protocol"""
+
+    def on_message_begin(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_url(self, url: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def on_header(self, name: bytes, value: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def on_headers_complete(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_body(self, body: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def on_message_complete(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_chunk_header(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_chunk_complete(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_status(self, status: bytes) -> None: ...
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/python.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/python.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e95925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/python.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cimport cpython
+
+
+cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    cpython.Py_buffer* PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(object)
+    bint PyMemoryView_Check(object)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab9265a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport uint16_t
+
+
+cdef extern from "http_parser.h":
+    # URL Parser
+
+    enum http_parser_url_fields:
+        UF_SCHEMA   = 0,
+        UF_HOST     = 1,
+        UF_PORT     = 2,
+        UF_PATH     = 3,
+        UF_QUERY    = 4,
+        UF_FRAGMENT = 5,
+        UF_USERINFO = 6,
+        UF_MAX      = 7
+
+    struct http_parser_url_field_data:
+        uint16_t off
+        uint16_t len
+
+    struct http_parser_url:
+        uint16_t field_set
+        uint16_t port
+        http_parser_url_field_data[<int>UF_MAX] field_data
+
+    void http_parser_url_init(http_parser_url *u)
+
+    int http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf,
+                              size_t buflen,
+                              int is_connect,
+                              http_parser_url *u)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0cefed9
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f04847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from array import array
+
+class URL:
+    schema: bytes
+    host: bytes
+    port: int
+    path: bytes
+    query: bytes
+    fragment: bytes
+    userinfo: bytes
+
+def parse_url(url: bytes | bytearray | memoryview | array[int]) -> URL:
+    """Parse a URL string into a structured Python object."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e855b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#cython: language_level=3
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+from cpython.mem cimport PyMem_Malloc, PyMem_Free
+from cpython cimport PyObject_GetBuffer, PyBuffer_Release, PyBUF_SIMPLE, \
+                     Py_buffer
+
+from .errors import HttpParserInvalidURLError
+
+cimport cython
+from . cimport url_cparser as uparser
+
+__all__ = ('parse_url',)
+
+DEF MAX_URL_LENGTH = (1 << 16) - 1
+
+@cython.freelist(250)
+cdef class URL:
+    cdef readonly bytes schema
+    cdef readonly bytes host
+    cdef readonly object port
+    cdef readonly bytes path
+    cdef readonly bytes query
+    cdef readonly bytes fragment
+    cdef readonly bytes userinfo
+
+    def __cinit__(self, bytes schema, bytes host, object port, bytes path,
+                  bytes query, bytes fragment, bytes userinfo):
+
+        self.schema = schema
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.path = path
+        self.query = query
+        self.fragment = fragment
+        self.userinfo = userinfo
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return ('<URL schema: {!r}, host: {!r}, port: {!r}, path: {!r}, '
+                'query: {!r}, fragment: {!r}, userinfo: {!r}>'
+                .format(self.schema, self.host, self.port, self.path,
+                    self.query, self.fragment, self.userinfo))
+
+
+def parse_url(url):
+    cdef:
+        Py_buffer py_buf
+        char* buf_data
+        uparser.http_parser_url* parsed
+        int res
+        bytes schema = None
+        bytes host = None
+        object port = None
+        bytes path = None
+        bytes query = None
+        bytes fragment = None
+        bytes userinfo = None
+        object result = None
+        int off
+        int ln
+
+    parsed = <uparser.http_parser_url*> \
+                        PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(uparser.http_parser_url))
+    uparser.http_parser_url_init(parsed)
+
+    PyObject_GetBuffer(url, &py_buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+    try:
+        if py_buf.len > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+            # http_parser stores URL field offsets/lengths as uint16_t,
+            # so URLs longer than this will cause silent truncation.
+            # See https://github.com/MagicStack/httptools/issues/142
+            raise HttpParserInvalidURLError(
+                "url is too long: url length of {} bytes exceeds the "
+                "maximum of {} bytes".format(py_buf.len, MAX_URL_LENGTH))
+
+        buf_data = <char*>py_buf.buf
+        res = uparser.http_parser_parse_url(buf_data, py_buf.len, 0, parsed)
+
+        if res == 0:
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_SCHEMA):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_SCHEMA].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_SCHEMA].len
+                schema = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_HOST):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_HOST].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_HOST].len
+                host = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_PORT):
+                port = parsed.port
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_PATH):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_PATH].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_PATH].len
+                path = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_QUERY):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_QUERY].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_QUERY].len
+                query = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_FRAGMENT):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_FRAGMENT].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_FRAGMENT].len
+                fragment = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_USERINFO):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_USERINFO].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_USERINFO].len
+                userinfo = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            return URL(schema, host, port, path, query, fragment, userinfo)
+        else:
+            raise HttpParserInvalidURLError("invalid url {!r}".format(url))
+    finally:
+        PyBuffer_Release(&py_buf)
+        PyMem_Free(parsed)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0d2b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: httpx
+Version: 0.28.1
+Summary: The next generation HTTP client.
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://www.python-httpx.org
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/encode/httpx
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/encode/httpx
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Framework :: Trio
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Dist: anyio
+Requires-Dist: certifi
+Requires-Dist: httpcore==1.*
+Requires-Dist: idna
+Provides-Extra: brotli
+Requires-Dist: brotli; (platform_python_implementation == 'CPython') and extra == 'brotli'
+Requires-Dist: brotlicffi; (platform_python_implementation != 'CPython') and extra == 'brotli'
+Provides-Extra: cli
+Requires-Dist: click==8.*; extra == 'cli'
+Requires-Dist: pygments==2.*; extra == 'cli'
+Requires-Dist: rich<14,>=10; extra == 'cli'
+Provides-Extra: http2
+Requires-Dist: h2<5,>=3; extra == 'http2'
+Provides-Extra: socks
+Requires-Dist: socksio==1.*; extra == 'socks'
+Provides-Extra: zstd
+Requires-Dist: zstandard>=0.18.0; extra == 'zstd'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org/"><img width="350" height="208" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/httpx/master/docs/img/butterfly.png" alt='HTTPX'></a>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center"><strong>HTTPX</strong> <em>- A next-generation HTTP client for Python.</em></p>
+
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/encode/httpx/actions">
+    <img src="https://github.com/encode/httpx/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg" alt="Test Suite">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/httpx/">
+    <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/httpx.svg" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+HTTPX is a fully featured HTTP client library for Python 3. It includes **an integrated command line client**, has support for both **HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2**, and provides both **sync and async APIs**.
+
+---
+
+Install HTTPX using pip:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpx
+```
+
+Now, let's get started:
+
+```pycon
+>>> import httpx
+>>> r = httpx.get('https://www.example.org/')
+>>> r
+<Response [200 OK]>
+>>> r.status_code
+200
+>>> r.headers['content-type']
+'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
+>>> r.text
+'<!doctype html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Example Domain</title>...'
+```
+
+Or, using the command-line client.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install 'httpx[cli]'  # The command line client is an optional dependency.
+```
+
+Which now allows us to use HTTPX directly from the command-line...
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="700" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/httpx/master/docs/img/httpx-help.png" alt='httpx --help'>
+</p>
+
+Sending a request...
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="700" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/httpx/master/docs/img/httpx-request.png" alt='httpx http://httpbin.org/json'>
+</p>
+
+## Features
+
+HTTPX builds on the well-established usability of `requests`, and gives you:
+
+* A broadly [requests-compatible API](https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/).
+* An integrated command-line client.
+* HTTP/1.1 [and HTTP/2 support](https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/).
+* Standard synchronous interface, but with [async support if you need it](https://www.python-httpx.org/async/).
+* Ability to make requests directly to [WSGI applications](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/transports/#wsgi-transport) or [ASGI applications](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/transports/#asgi-transport).
+* Strict timeouts everywhere.
+* Fully type annotated.
+* 100% test coverage.
+
+Plus all the standard features of `requests`...
+
+* International Domains and URLs
+* Keep-Alive & Connection Pooling
+* Sessions with Cookie Persistence
+* Browser-style SSL Verification
+* Basic/Digest Authentication
+* Elegant Key/Value Cookies
+* Automatic Decompression
+* Automatic Content Decoding
+* Unicode Response Bodies
+* Multipart File Uploads
+* HTTP(S) Proxy Support
+* Connection Timeouts
+* Streaming Downloads
+* .netrc Support
+* Chunked Requests
+
+## Installation
+
+Install with pip:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpx
+```
+
+Or, to include the optional HTTP/2 support, use:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpx[http2]
+```
+
+HTTPX requires Python 3.8+.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Project documentation is available at [https://www.python-httpx.org/](https://www.python-httpx.org/).
+
+For a run-through of all the basics, head over to the [QuickStart](https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/).
+
+For more advanced topics, see the [Advanced Usage](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/) section, the [async support](https://www.python-httpx.org/async/) section, or the [HTTP/2](https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/) section.
+
+The [Developer Interface](https://www.python-httpx.org/api/) provides a comprehensive API reference.
+
+To find out about tools that integrate with HTTPX, see [Third Party Packages](https://www.python-httpx.org/third_party_packages/).
+
+## Contribute
+
+If you want to contribute with HTTPX check out the [Contributing Guide](https://www.python-httpx.org/contributing/) to learn how to start.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+The HTTPX project relies on these excellent libraries:
+
+* `httpcore` - The underlying transport implementation for `httpx`.
+  * `h11` - HTTP/1.1 support.
+* `certifi` - SSL certificates.
+* `idna` - Internationalized domain name support.
+* `sniffio` - Async library autodetection.
+
+As well as these optional installs:
+
+* `h2` - HTTP/2 support. *(Optional, with `httpx[http2]`)*
+* `socksio` - SOCKS proxy support. *(Optional, with `httpx[socks]`)*
+* `rich` - Rich terminal support. *(Optional, with `httpx[cli]`)*
+* `click` - Command line client support. *(Optional, with `httpx[cli]`)*
+* `brotli` or `brotlicffi` - Decoding for "brotli" compressed responses. *(Optional, with `httpx[brotli]`)*
+* `zstandard` - Decoding for "zstd" compressed responses. *(Optional, with `httpx[zstd]`)*
+
+A huge amount of credit is due to `requests` for the API layout that
+much of this work follows, as well as to `urllib3` for plenty of design
+inspiration around the lower-level networking details.
+
+---
+
+<p align="center"><i>HTTPX is <a href="https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/master/LICENSE.md">BSD licensed</a> code.<br/>Designed & crafted with care.</i><br/>&mdash; 🦋 &mdash;</p>
+
+## Release Information
+
+### Fixed
+
+* Reintroduced supposedly-private `URLTypes` shortcut. (#2673)
+
+
+---
+
+[Full changelog](https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..500e28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+../../../bin/httpx,sha256=XXp2kfcP6FMmLrzPb4xa1LKF_VYTmyAiKt4JMTB4kFw,254
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=_rubD48-gNV8gZnDBPNcQzboWB0dGNeYPJJ2a4J5OyU,7052
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=C2FUgwZgiLbznR-k0b_5k3Ai_1aASOXDss3lzCUsUug,87
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=2lVkdQmxLA1pNMgSN2eV89o90HCZezhmNwsy6ryKDSA,37
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md,sha256=TsWdVE8StfU5o6cW_TIaxYzNgDC0ZSIfLIgCAM3yjY0,1508
+httpx/__init__.py,sha256=CsaZe6yZj0rHg6322AWKWHGTMVr9txgEfD5P3_Rrz60,2171
+httpx/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/__version__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_api.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_auth.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_client.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_config.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_content.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_decoders.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_exceptions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_models.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_multipart.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_status_codes.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_types.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_urlparse.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_urls.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__version__.py,sha256=LoUyYeOXTieGzuP_64UL0wxdtxjuu_QbOvE7NOg-IqU,108
+httpx/_api.py,sha256=r_Zgs4jIpcPJLqK5dbbSayqo_iVMKFaxZCd-oOHxLEs,11743
+httpx/_auth.py,sha256=Yr3QwaUSK17rGYx-7j-FdicFIzz4Y9FFV-1F4-7RXX4,11891
+httpx/_client.py,sha256=xD-UG67-WMkeltAAOeGGj-cZ2RRTAm19sWRxlFY7_40,65714
+httpx/_config.py,sha256=pPp2U-wicfcKsF-KYRE1LYdt3e6ERGeIoXZ8Gjo3LWc,8547
+httpx/_content.py,sha256=LGGzrJTR3OvN4Mb1GVVNLXkXJH-6oKlwAttO9p5w_yg,8161
+httpx/_decoders.py,sha256=p0dX8I0NEHexs3UGp4SsZutiMhsXrrWl6-GnqVb0iKM,12041
+httpx/_exceptions.py,sha256=bxW7fxzgVMAdNTbwT0Vnq04gJDW1_gI_GFiQPuMyjL0,8527
+httpx/_main.py,sha256=Cg9GMabiTT_swaDfUgIRitSwxLRMSwUDOm7LdSGqlA4,15626
+httpx/_models.py,sha256=4__Guyv1gLxuZChwim8kfQNiIOcJ9acreFOSurvZfms,44700
+httpx/_multipart.py,sha256=KOHEZZl6oohg9mPaKyyu345qq1rJLg35TUG3YAzXB3Y,9843
+httpx/_status_codes.py,sha256=DYn-2ufBgMeXy5s8x3_TB7wjAuAAMewTakPrm5rXEsc,5639
+httpx/_transports/__init__.py,sha256=GbUoBSAOp7z-l-9j5YhMhR3DMIcn6FVLhj072O3Nnno,275
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/asgi.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/base.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/default.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/mock.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/asgi.py,sha256=HRfiDYMPt4wQH2gFgHZg4c-i3sblo6bL5GTqcET-xz8,5501
+httpx/_transports/base.py,sha256=kZS_VMbViYfF570pogUCJ1bulz-ybfL51Pqs9yktebU,2523
+httpx/_transports/default.py,sha256=AzeaRUyVwCccTyyNJexDf0n1dFfzzydpdIQgvw7PLnk,13983
+httpx/_transports/mock.py,sha256=PTo0d567RITXxGrki6kN7_67wwAxfwiMDcuXJiZCjEo,1232
+httpx/_transports/wsgi.py,sha256=NcPX3Xap_EwCFZWO_OaSyQNuInCYx1QMNbO8GAei6jY,4825
+httpx/_types.py,sha256=Jyh41GQq7AOev8IOWKDAg7zCbvHAfufmW5g_PiTtErY,2965
+httpx/_urlparse.py,sha256=ZAmH47ONfkxrrj-PPYhGeiHjb6AjKCS-ANWIN4OL_KY,18546
+httpx/_urls.py,sha256=dX99VR1DSOHpgo9Aq7PzYO4FKdxqKjwyNp8grf8dHN0,21550
+httpx/_utils.py,sha256=_TVeqAKvxJkKHdz7dFeb4s0LZqQXgeFkXSgfiHBK_1o,8285
+httpx/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21aaa72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.26.3
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ae9600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+httpx = httpx:main
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab79d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Copyright © 2019, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9addde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from .__version__ import __description__, __title__, __version__
+from ._api import *
+from ._auth import *
+from ._client import *
+from ._config import *
+from ._content import *
+from ._exceptions import *
+from ._models import *
+from ._status_codes import *
+from ._transports import *
+from ._types import *
+from ._urls import *
+
+try:
+    from ._main import main
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def main() -> None:  # type: ignore
+        import sys
+
+        print(
+            "The httpx command line client could not run because the required "
+            "dependencies were not installed.\nMake sure you've installed "
+            "everything with: pip install 'httpx[cli]'"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__description__",
+    "__title__",
+    "__version__",
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "AsyncByteStream",
+    "AsyncClient",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "Auth",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "BasicAuth",
+    "ByteStream",
+    "Client",
+    "CloseError",
+    "codes",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "Cookies",
+    "create_ssl_context",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "delete",
+    "DigestAuth",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "Headers",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "Limits",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "main",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "NetRCAuth",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "post",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "Proxy",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "put",
+    "QueryParams",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "request",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "Response",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "stream",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "SyncByteStream",
+    "Timeout",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "URL",
+    "USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
+
+
+__locals = locals()
+for __name in __all__:
+    if not __name.startswith("__"):
+        setattr(__locals[__name], "__module__", "httpx")  # noqa
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..801bfac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+__title__ = "httpx"
+__description__ = "A next generation HTTP client, for Python 3."
+__version__ = "0.28.1"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_api.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3cda1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._config import DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG
+from ._models import Response
+from ._types import (
+    AuthTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxyTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+)
+from ._urls import URL
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "delete",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "post",
+    "put",
+    "request",
+    "stream",
+]
+
+
+def request(
+    method: str,
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **method** - HTTP method for the new `Request` object: `GET`, `OPTIONS`,
+    `HEAD`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, or `DELETE`.
+    * **url** - URL for the new `Request` object.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in the URL, as a
+    string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **content** - *(optional)* Binary content to include in the body of the
+    request, as bytes or a byte iterator.
+    * **data** - *(optional)* Form data to include in the body of the request,
+    as a dictionary.
+    * **files** - *(optional)* A dictionary of upload files to include in the
+    body of the request.
+    * **json** - *(optional)* A JSON serializable object to include in the body
+    of the request.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include in the
+    request.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include in the
+    request.
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending the
+    request.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    the request.
+    * **follow_redirects** - *(optional)* Enables or disables HTTP redirects.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+
+    **Returns:** `Response`
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```
+    >>> import httpx
+    >>> response = httpx.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+    >>> response
+    <Response [200 OK]>
+    ```
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        return client.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        )
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream(
+    method: str,
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+    """
+    Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+    instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+    [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        with client.stream(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        ) as response:
+            yield response
+
+
+def get(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `GET` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `GET` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "GET",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def options(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `OPTIONS` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "OPTIONS",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def head(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `HEAD` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `HEAD` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "HEAD",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def post(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `POST` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "POST",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def put(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PUT` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PUT",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def patch(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PATCH` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PATCH",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def delete(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `DELETE` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `DELETE` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "DELETE",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b03971a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import time
+import typing
+from base64 import b64encode
+from urllib.request import parse_http_list
+
+from ._exceptions import ProtocolError
+from ._models import Cookies, Request, Response
+from ._utils import to_bytes, to_str, unquote
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+
+__all__ = ["Auth", "BasicAuth", "DigestAuth", "NetRCAuth"]
+
+
+class Auth:
+    """
+    Base class for all authentication schemes.
+
+    To implement a custom authentication scheme, subclass `Auth` and override
+    the `.auth_flow()` method.
+
+    If the authentication scheme does I/O such as disk access or network calls, or uses
+    synchronization primitives such as locks, you should override `.sync_auth_flow()`
+    and/or `.async_auth_flow()` instead of `.auth_flow()` to provide specialized
+    implementations that will be used by `Client` and `AsyncClient` respectively.
+    """
+
+    requires_request_body = False
+    requires_response_body = False
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow.
+
+        To dispatch a request, `yield` it:
+
+        ```
+        yield request
+        ```
+
+        The client will `.send()` the response back into the flow generator. You can
+        access it like so:
+
+        ```
+        response = yield request
+        ```
+
+        A `return` (or reaching the end of the generator) will result in the
+        client returning the last response obtained from the server.
+
+        You can dispatch as many requests as is necessary.
+        """
+        yield request
+
+    def sync_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow synchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            request.read()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                response.read()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+    async def async_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncGenerator[Request, Response]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow asynchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            await request.aread()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+
+class FunctionAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a simple callable function,
+    that takes the request, and returns a new, modified request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, func: typing.Callable[[Request], Request]) -> None:
+        self._func = func
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        yield self._func(request)
+
+
+class BasicAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a (username, password) pair,
+    and uses HTTP Basic authentication.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> None:
+        self._auth_header = self._build_auth_header(username, password)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._auth_header
+        yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class NetRCAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Use a 'netrc' file to lookup basic auth credentials based on the url host.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, file: str | None = None) -> None:
+        # Lazily import 'netrc'.
+        # There's no need for us to load this module unless 'NetRCAuth' is being used.
+        import netrc
+
+        self._netrc_info = netrc.netrc(file)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        auth_info = self._netrc_info.authenticators(request.url.host)
+        if auth_info is None or not auth_info[2]:
+            # The netrc file did not have authentication credentials for this host.
+            yield request
+        else:
+            # Build a basic auth header with credentials from the netrc file.
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+                username=auth_info[0], password=auth_info[2]
+            )
+            yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class DigestAuth(Auth):
+    _ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION: dict[str, typing.Callable[[bytes], _Hash]] = {
+        "MD5": hashlib.md5,
+        "MD5-SESS": hashlib.md5,
+        "SHA": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-SESS": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-256": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-256-SESS": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-512": hashlib.sha512,
+        "SHA-512-SESS": hashlib.sha512,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> None:
+        self._username = to_bytes(username)
+        self._password = to_bytes(password)
+        self._last_challenge: _DigestAuthChallenge | None = None
+        self._nonce_count = 1
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        if self._last_challenge:
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+                request, self._last_challenge
+            )
+
+        response = yield request
+
+        if response.status_code != 401 or "www-authenticate" not in response.headers:
+            # If the response is not a 401 then we don't
+            # need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        for auth_header in response.headers.get_list("www-authenticate"):
+            if auth_header.lower().startswith("digest "):
+                break
+        else:
+            # If the response does not include a 'WWW-Authenticate: Digest ...'
+            # header, then we don't need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        self._last_challenge = self._parse_challenge(request, response, auth_header)
+        self._nonce_count = 1
+
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+            request, self._last_challenge
+        )
+        if response.cookies:
+            Cookies(response.cookies).set_cookie_header(request=request)
+        yield request
+
+    def _parse_challenge(
+        self, request: Request, response: Response, auth_header: str
+    ) -> _DigestAuthChallenge:
+        """
+        Returns a challenge from a Digest WWW-Authenticate header.
+        These take the form of:
+        `Digest realm="realm@host.com",qop="auth,auth-int",nonce="abc",opaque="xyz"`
+        """
+        scheme, _, fields = auth_header.partition(" ")
+
+        # This method should only ever have been called with a Digest auth header.
+        assert scheme.lower() == "digest"
+
+        header_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for field in parse_http_list(fields):
+            key, value = field.strip().split("=", 1)
+            header_dict[key] = unquote(value)
+
+        try:
+            realm = header_dict["realm"].encode()
+            nonce = header_dict["nonce"].encode()
+            algorithm = header_dict.get("algorithm", "MD5")
+            opaque = header_dict["opaque"].encode() if "opaque" in header_dict else None
+            qop = header_dict["qop"].encode() if "qop" in header_dict else None
+            return _DigestAuthChallenge(
+                realm=realm, nonce=nonce, algorithm=algorithm, opaque=opaque, qop=qop
+            )
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            message = "Malformed Digest WWW-Authenticate header"
+            raise ProtocolError(message, request=request) from exc
+
+    def _build_auth_header(
+        self, request: Request, challenge: _DigestAuthChallenge
+    ) -> str:
+        hash_func = self._ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION[challenge.algorithm.upper()]
+
+        def digest(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return hash_func(data).hexdigest().encode()
+
+        A1 = b":".join((self._username, challenge.realm, self._password))
+
+        path = request.url.raw_path
+        A2 = b":".join((request.method.encode(), path))
+        # TODO: implement auth-int
+        HA2 = digest(A2)
+
+        nc_value = b"%08x" % self._nonce_count
+        cnonce = self._get_client_nonce(self._nonce_count, challenge.nonce)
+        self._nonce_count += 1
+
+        HA1 = digest(A1)
+        if challenge.algorithm.lower().endswith("-sess"):
+            HA1 = digest(b":".join((HA1, challenge.nonce, cnonce)))
+
+        qop = self._resolve_qop(challenge.qop, request=request)
+        if qop is None:
+            # Following RFC 2069
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, HA2]
+        else:
+            # Following RFC 2617/7616
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, nc_value, cnonce, qop, HA2]
+
+        format_args = {
+            "username": self._username,
+            "realm": challenge.realm,
+            "nonce": challenge.nonce,
+            "uri": path,
+            "response": digest(b":".join(digest_data)),
+            "algorithm": challenge.algorithm.encode(),
+        }
+        if challenge.opaque:
+            format_args["opaque"] = challenge.opaque
+        if qop:
+            format_args["qop"] = b"auth"
+            format_args["nc"] = nc_value
+            format_args["cnonce"] = cnonce
+
+        return "Digest " + self._get_header_value(format_args)
+
+    def _get_client_nonce(self, nonce_count: int, nonce: bytes) -> bytes:
+        s = str(nonce_count).encode()
+        s += nonce
+        s += time.ctime().encode()
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        return hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16].encode()
+
+    def _get_header_value(self, header_fields: dict[str, bytes]) -> str:
+        NON_QUOTED_FIELDS = ("algorithm", "qop", "nc")
+        QUOTED_TEMPLATE = '{}="{}"'
+        NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE = "{}={}"
+
+        header_value = ""
+        for i, (field, value) in enumerate(header_fields.items()):
+            if i > 0:
+                header_value += ", "
+            template = (
+                QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+                if field not in NON_QUOTED_FIELDS
+                else NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+            )
+            header_value += template.format(field, to_str(value))
+
+        return header_value
+
+    def _resolve_qop(self, qop: bytes | None, request: Request) -> bytes | None:
+        if qop is None:
+            return None
+        qops = re.split(b", ?", qop)
+        if b"auth" in qops:
+            return b"auth"
+
+        if qops == [b"auth-int"]:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Digest auth-int support is not yet implemented")
+
+        message = f'Unexpected qop value "{qop!r}" in digest auth'
+        raise ProtocolError(message, request=request)
+
+
+class _DigestAuthChallenge(typing.NamedTuple):
+    realm: bytes
+    nonce: bytes
+    algorithm: str
+    opaque: bytes | None
+    qop: bytes | None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2249231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2019 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import typing
+import warnings
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .__version__ import __version__
+from ._auth import Auth, BasicAuth, FunctionAuth
+from ._config import (
+    DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    Limits,
+    Proxy,
+    Timeout,
+)
+from ._decoders import SUPPORTED_DECODERS
+from ._exceptions import (
+    InvalidURL,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    request_context,
+)
+from ._models import Cookies, Headers, Request, Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._transports.base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+from ._transports.default import AsyncHTTPTransport, HTTPTransport
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    AuthTypes,
+    CertTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxyTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestExtensions,
+    RequestFiles,
+    SyncByteStream,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+)
+from ._urls import URL, QueryParams
+from ._utils import URLPattern, get_environment_proxies
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = ["USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT", "AsyncClient", "Client"]
+
+# The type annotation for @classmethod and context managers here follows PEP 484
+# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/#annotating-instance-and-class-methods
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="Client")
+U = typing.TypeVar("U", bound="AsyncClient")
+
+
+def _is_https_redirect(url: URL, location: URL) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return 'True' if 'location' is a HTTPS upgrade of 'url'
+    """
+    if url.host != location.host:
+        return False
+
+    return (
+        url.scheme == "http"
+        and _port_or_default(url) == 80
+        and location.scheme == "https"
+        and _port_or_default(location) == 443
+    )
+
+
+def _port_or_default(url: URL) -> int | None:
+    if url.port is not None:
+        return url.port
+    return {"http": 80, "https": 443}.get(url.scheme)
+
+
+def _same_origin(url: URL, other: URL) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return 'True' if the given URLs share the same origin.
+    """
+    return (
+        url.scheme == other.scheme
+        and url.host == other.host
+        and _port_or_default(url) == _port_or_default(other)
+    )
+
+
+class UseClientDefault:
+    """
+    For some parameters such as `auth=...` and `timeout=...` we need to be able
+    to indicate the default "unset" state, in a way that is distinctly different
+    to using `None`.
+
+    The default "unset" state indicates that whatever default is set on the
+    client should be used. This is different to setting `None`, which
+    explicitly disables the parameter, possibly overriding a client default.
+
+    For example we use `timeout=USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT` in the `request()` signature.
+    Omitting the `timeout` parameter will send a request using whatever default
+    timeout has been configured on the client. Including `timeout=None` will
+    ensure no timeout is used.
+
+    Note that user code shouldn't need to use the `USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT` constant,
+    but it is used internally when a parameter is not included.
+    """
+
+
+USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT = UseClientDefault()
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpx")
+
+USER_AGENT = f"python-httpx/{__version__}"
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = ", ".join(
+    [key for key in SUPPORTED_DECODERS.keys() if key != "identity"]
+)
+
+
+class ClientState(enum.Enum):
+    # UNOPENED:
+    #   The client has been instantiated, but has not been used to send a request,
+    #   or been opened by entering the context of a `with` block.
+    UNOPENED = 1
+    # OPENED:
+    #   The client has either sent a request, or is within a `with` block.
+    OPENED = 2
+    # CLOSED:
+    #   The client has either exited the `with` block, or `close()` has
+    #   been called explicitly.
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class BoundSyncStream(SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that is bound to a given response instance, and that
+    ensures the `response.elapsed` is set once the response is closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream: SyncByteStream, response: Response, start: float
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._response = response
+        self._start = start
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self._stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - self._start
+        self._response.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+        self._stream.close()
+
+
+class BoundAsyncStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    An async byte stream that is bound to a given response instance, and that
+    ensures the `response.elapsed` is set once the response is closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream: AsyncByteStream, response: Response, start: float
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._response = response
+        self._start = start
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        async for chunk in self._stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - self._start
+        self._response.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+EventHook = typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]
+
+
+class BaseClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: None | (typing.Mapping[str, list[EventHook]]) = None,
+        base_url: URL | str = "",
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        event_hooks = {} if event_hooks is None else event_hooks
+
+        self._base_url = self._enforce_trailing_slash(URL(base_url))
+
+        self._auth = self._build_auth(auth)
+        self._params = QueryParams(params)
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+        self._cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+        self._timeout = Timeout(timeout)
+        self.follow_redirects = follow_redirects
+        self.max_redirects = max_redirects
+        self._event_hooks = {
+            "request": list(event_hooks.get("request", [])),
+            "response": list(event_hooks.get("response", [])),
+        }
+        self._trust_env = trust_env
+        self._default_encoding = default_encoding
+        self._state = ClientState.UNOPENED
+
+    @property
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the client being closed
+        """
+        return self._state == ClientState.CLOSED
+
+    @property
+    def trust_env(self) -> bool:
+        return self._trust_env
+
+    def _enforce_trailing_slash(self, url: URL) -> URL:
+        if url.raw_path.endswith(b"/"):
+            return url
+        return url.copy_with(raw_path=url.raw_path + b"/")
+
+    def _get_proxy_map(
+        self, proxy: ProxyTypes | None, allow_env_proxies: bool
+    ) -> dict[str, Proxy | None]:
+        if proxy is None:
+            if allow_env_proxies:
+                return {
+                    key: None if url is None else Proxy(url=url)
+                    for key, url in get_environment_proxies().items()
+                }
+            return {}
+        else:
+            proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+            return {"all://": proxy}
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> Timeout:
+        return self._timeout
+
+    @timeout.setter
+    def timeout(self, timeout: TimeoutTypes) -> None:
+        self._timeout = Timeout(timeout)
+
+    @property
+    def event_hooks(self) -> dict[str, list[EventHook]]:
+        return self._event_hooks
+
+    @event_hooks.setter
+    def event_hooks(self, event_hooks: dict[str, list[EventHook]]) -> None:
+        self._event_hooks = {
+            "request": list(event_hooks.get("request", [])),
+            "response": list(event_hooks.get("response", [])),
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def auth(self) -> Auth | None:
+        """
+        Authentication class used when none is passed at the request-level.
+
+        See also [Authentication][0].
+
+        [0]: /quickstart/#authentication
+        """
+        return self._auth
+
+    @auth.setter
+    def auth(self, auth: AuthTypes) -> None:
+        self._auth = self._build_auth(auth)
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> URL:
+        """
+        Base URL to use when sending requests with relative URLs.
+        """
+        return self._base_url
+
+    @base_url.setter
+    def base_url(self, url: URL | str) -> None:
+        self._base_url = self._enforce_trailing_slash(URL(url))
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> Headers:
+        """
+        HTTP headers to include when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._headers
+
+    @headers.setter
+    def headers(self, headers: HeaderTypes) -> None:
+        client_headers = Headers(
+            {
+                b"Accept": b"*/*",
+                b"Accept-Encoding": ACCEPT_ENCODING.encode("ascii"),
+                b"Connection": b"keep-alive",
+                b"User-Agent": USER_AGENT.encode("ascii"),
+            }
+        )
+        client_headers.update(headers)
+        self._headers = client_headers
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> Cookies:
+        """
+        Cookie values to include when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @cookies.setter
+    def cookies(self, cookies: CookieTypes) -> None:
+        self._cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Query parameters to include in the URL when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._params
+
+    @params.setter
+    def params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> None:
+        self._params = QueryParams(params)
+
+    def build_request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Request:
+        """
+        Build and return a request instance.
+
+        * The `params`, `headers` and `cookies` arguments
+        are merged with any values set on the client.
+        * The `url` argument is merged with any `base_url` set on the client.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#request-instances
+        """
+        url = self._merge_url(url)
+        headers = self._merge_headers(headers)
+        cookies = self._merge_cookies(cookies)
+        params = self._merge_queryparams(params)
+        extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+        if "timeout" not in extensions:
+            timeout = (
+                self.timeout
+                if isinstance(timeout, UseClientDefault)
+                else Timeout(timeout)
+            )
+            extensions = dict(**extensions, timeout=timeout.as_dict())
+        return Request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _merge_url(self, url: URL | str) -> URL:
+        """
+        Merge a URL argument together with any 'base_url' on the client,
+        to create the URL used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        merge_url = URL(url)
+        if merge_url.is_relative_url:
+            # To merge URLs we always append to the base URL. To get this
+            # behaviour correct we always ensure the base URL ends in a '/'
+            # separator, and strip any leading '/' from the merge URL.
+            #
+            # So, eg...
+            #
+            # >>> client = Client(base_url="https://www.example.com/subpath")
+            # >>> client.base_url
+            # URL('https://www.example.com/subpath/')
+            # >>> client.build_request("GET", "/path").url
+            # URL('https://www.example.com/subpath/path')
+            merge_raw_path = self.base_url.raw_path + merge_url.raw_path.lstrip(b"/")
+            return self.base_url.copy_with(raw_path=merge_raw_path)
+        return merge_url
+
+    def _merge_cookies(self, cookies: CookieTypes | None = None) -> CookieTypes | None:
+        """
+        Merge a cookies argument together with any cookies on the client,
+        to create the cookies used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        if cookies or self.cookies:
+            merged_cookies = Cookies(self.cookies)
+            merged_cookies.update(cookies)
+            return merged_cookies
+        return cookies
+
+    def _merge_headers(self, headers: HeaderTypes | None = None) -> HeaderTypes | None:
+        """
+        Merge a headers argument together with any headers on the client,
+        to create the headers used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        merged_headers = Headers(self.headers)
+        merged_headers.update(headers)
+        return merged_headers
+
+    def _merge_queryparams(
+        self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None
+    ) -> QueryParamTypes | None:
+        """
+        Merge a queryparams argument together with any queryparams on the client,
+        to create the queryparams used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        if params or self.params:
+            merged_queryparams = QueryParams(self.params)
+            return merged_queryparams.merge(params)
+        return params
+
+    def _build_auth(self, auth: AuthTypes | None) -> Auth | None:
+        if auth is None:
+            return None
+        elif isinstance(auth, tuple):
+            return BasicAuth(username=auth[0], password=auth[1])
+        elif isinstance(auth, Auth):
+            return auth
+        elif callable(auth):
+            return FunctionAuth(func=auth)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Invalid "auth" argument: {auth!r}')
+
+    def _build_request_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Auth:
+        auth = (
+            self._auth if isinstance(auth, UseClientDefault) else self._build_auth(auth)
+        )
+
+        if auth is not None:
+            return auth
+
+        username, password = request.url.username, request.url.password
+        if username or password:
+            return BasicAuth(username=username, password=password)
+
+        return Auth()
+
+    def _build_redirect_request(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> Request:
+        """
+        Given a request and a redirect response, return a new request that
+        should be used to effect the redirect.
+        """
+        method = self._redirect_method(request, response)
+        url = self._redirect_url(request, response)
+        headers = self._redirect_headers(request, url, method)
+        stream = self._redirect_stream(request, method)
+        cookies = Cookies(self.cookies)
+        return Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            stream=stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _redirect_method(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> str:
+        """
+        When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
+        based on certain specs or browser behavior.
+        """
+        method = request.method
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+        if response.status_code == codes.SEE_OTHER and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
+        # Turn 302s into GETs.
+        if response.status_code == codes.FOUND and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # If a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
+        # This bizarre behaviour is explained in 'requests' issue 1704.
+        if response.status_code == codes.MOVED_PERMANENTLY and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        return method
+
+    def _redirect_url(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> URL:
+        """
+        Return the URL for the redirect to follow.
+        """
+        location = response.headers["Location"]
+
+        try:
+            url = URL(location)
+        except InvalidURL as exc:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                f"Invalid URL in location header: {exc}.", request=request
+            ) from None
+
+        # Handle malformed 'Location' headers that are "absolute" form, have no host.
+        # See: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/771
+        if url.scheme and not url.host:
+            url = url.copy_with(host=request.url.host)
+
+        # Facilitate relative 'Location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
+        # (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
+        if url.is_relative_url:
+            url = request.url.join(url)
+
+        # Attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
+        if request.url.fragment and not url.fragment:
+            url = url.copy_with(fragment=request.url.fragment)
+
+        return url
+
+    def _redirect_headers(self, request: Request, url: URL, method: str) -> Headers:
+        """
+        Return the headers that should be used for the redirect request.
+        """
+        headers = Headers(request.headers)
+
+        if not _same_origin(url, request.url):
+            if not _is_https_redirect(request.url, url):
+                # Strip Authorization headers when responses are redirected
+                # away from the origin. (Except for direct HTTP to HTTPS redirects.)
+                headers.pop("Authorization", None)
+
+            # Update the Host header.
+            headers["Host"] = url.netloc.decode("ascii")
+
+        if method != request.method and method == "GET":
+            # If we've switch to a 'GET' request, then strip any headers which
+            # are only relevant to the request body.
+            headers.pop("Content-Length", None)
+            headers.pop("Transfer-Encoding", None)
+
+        # We should use the client cookie store to determine any cookie header,
+        # rather than whatever was on the original outgoing request.
+        headers.pop("Cookie", None)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def _redirect_stream(
+        self, request: Request, method: str
+    ) -> SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream | None:
+        """
+        Return the body that should be used for the redirect request.
+        """
+        if method != request.method and method == "GET":
+            return None
+
+        return request.stream
+
+    def _set_timeout(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        if "timeout" not in request.extensions:
+            timeout = (
+                self.timeout
+                if isinstance(self.timeout, UseClientDefault)
+                else Timeout(self.timeout)
+            )
+            request.extensions = dict(**request.extensions, timeout=timeout.as_dict())
+
+
+class Client(BaseClient):
+    """
+    An HTTP client, with connection pooling, HTTP/2, redirects, cookie persistence, etc.
+
+    It can be shared between threads.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> client = httpx.Client()
+    >>> response = client.get('https://example.org')
+    ```
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in request URLs, as
+    a string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **http2** - *(optional)* A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 support should be
+    enabled. Defaults to `False`.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **limits** - *(optional)* The limits configuration to use.
+    * **max_redirects** - *(optional)* The maximum number of redirect responses
+    that should be followed.
+    * **base_url** - *(optional)* A URL to use as the base when building
+    request URLs.
+    * **transport** - *(optional)* A transport class to use for sending requests
+    over the network.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+    * **default_encoding** - *(optional)* The default encoding to use for decoding
+    response text, if no charset information is included in a response Content-Type
+    header. Set to a callable for automatic character set detection. Default: "utf-8".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        mounts: None | (typing.Mapping[str, BaseTransport | None]) = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: None | (typing.Mapping[str, list[EventHook]]) = None,
+        base_url: URL | str = "",
+        transport: BaseTransport | None = None,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            auth=auth,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            max_redirects=max_redirects,
+            event_hooks=event_hooks,
+            base_url=base_url,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            default_encoding=default_encoding,
+        )
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using http2=True, but the 'h2' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[http2]`."
+                ) from None
+
+        allow_env_proxies = trust_env and transport is None
+        proxy_map = self._get_proxy_map(proxy, allow_env_proxies)
+
+        self._transport = self._init_transport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            transport=transport,
+        )
+        self._mounts: dict[URLPattern, BaseTransport | None] = {
+            URLPattern(key): None
+            if proxy is None
+            else self._init_proxy_transport(
+                proxy,
+                verify=verify,
+                cert=cert,
+                trust_env=trust_env,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                limits=limits,
+            )
+            for key, proxy in proxy_map.items()
+        }
+        if mounts is not None:
+            self._mounts.update(
+                {URLPattern(key): transport for key, transport in mounts.items()}
+            )
+
+        self._mounts = dict(sorted(self._mounts.items()))
+
+    def _init_transport(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        transport: BaseTransport | None = None,
+    ) -> BaseTransport:
+        if transport is not None:
+            return transport
+
+        return HTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+        )
+
+    def _init_proxy_transport(
+        self,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    ) -> BaseTransport:
+        return HTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            proxy=proxy,
+        )
+
+    def _transport_for_url(self, url: URL) -> BaseTransport:
+        """
+        Returns the transport instance that should be used for a given URL.
+        This will either be the standard connection pool, or a proxy.
+        """
+        for pattern, transport in self._mounts.items():
+            if pattern.matches(url):
+                return self._transport if transport is None else transport
+
+        return self._transport
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build and send a request.
+
+        Equivalent to:
+
+        ```python
+        request = client.build_request(...)
+        response = client.send(request, ...)
+        ```
+
+        See `Client.build_request()`, `Client.send()` and
+        [Merging of configuration][0] for how the various parameters
+        are merged with client-level configuration.
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#merging-of-configuration
+        """
+        if cookies is not None:
+            message = (
+                "Setting per-request cookies=<...> is being deprecated, because "
+                "the expected behaviour on cookie persistence is ambiguous. Set "
+                "cookies directly on the client instance instead."
+            )
+            warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        return self.send(request, auth=auth, follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def stream(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+        """
+        Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+        instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+        See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+        [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.send(
+            request=request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            stream=True,
+        )
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request.
+
+        The request is sent as-is, unmodified.
+
+        Typically you'll want to build one with `Client.build_request()`
+        so that any client-level configuration is merged into the request,
+        but passing an explicit `httpx.Request()` is supported as well.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#request-instances
+        """
+        if self._state == ClientState.CLOSED:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot send a request, as the client has been closed.")
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+        follow_redirects = (
+            self.follow_redirects
+            if isinstance(follow_redirects, UseClientDefault)
+            else follow_redirects
+        )
+
+        self._set_timeout(request)
+
+        auth = self._build_request_auth(request, auth)
+
+        response = self._send_handling_auth(
+            request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            history=[],
+        )
+        try:
+            if not stream:
+                response.read()
+
+            return response
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            response.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def _send_handling_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: Auth,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        auth_flow = auth.sync_auth_flow(request)
+        try:
+            request = next(auth_flow)
+
+            while True:
+                response = self._send_handling_redirects(
+                    request,
+                    follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                    history=history,
+                )
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        next_request = auth_flow.send(response)
+                    except StopIteration:
+                        return response
+
+                    response.history = list(history)
+                    response.read()
+                    request = next_request
+                    history.append(response)
+
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    response.close()
+                    raise exc
+        finally:
+            auth_flow.close()
+
+    def _send_handling_redirects(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        while True:
+            if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    "Exceeded maximum allowed redirects.", request=request
+                )
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["request"]:
+                hook(request)
+
+            response = self._send_single_request(request)
+            try:
+                for hook in self._event_hooks["response"]:
+                    hook(response)
+                response.history = list(history)
+
+                if not response.has_redirect_location:
+                    return response
+
+                request = self._build_redirect_request(request, response)
+                history = history + [response]
+
+                if follow_redirects:
+                    response.read()
+                else:
+                    response.next_request = request
+                    return response
+
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                response.close()
+                raise exc
+
+    def _send_single_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Sends a single request, without handling any redirections.
+        """
+        transport = self._transport_for_url(request.url)
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+
+        if not isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to send an async request with a sync Client instance."
+            )
+
+        with request_context(request=request):
+            response = transport.handle_request(request)
+
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, SyncByteStream)
+
+        response.request = request
+        response.stream = BoundSyncStream(
+            response.stream, response=response, start=start
+        )
+        self.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
+        response.default_encoding = self._default_encoding
+
+        logger.info(
+            'HTTP Request: %s %s "%s %d %s"',
+            request.method,
+            request.url,
+            response.http_version,
+            response.status_code,
+            response.reason_phrase,
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `GET` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "GET",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "OPTIONS",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `HEAD` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "HEAD",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `POST` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PUT` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "PUT",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PATCH` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "PATCH",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `DELETE` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "DELETE",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close transport and proxies.
+        """
+        if self._state != ClientState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            for transport in self._mounts.values():
+                if transport is not None:
+                    transport.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        if self._state != ClientState.UNOPENED:
+            msg = {
+                ClientState.OPENED: "Cannot open a client instance more than once.",
+                ClientState.CLOSED: (
+                    "Cannot reopen a client instance, once it has been closed."
+                ),
+            }[self._state]
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+
+        self._transport.__enter__()
+        for transport in self._mounts.values():
+            if transport is not None:
+                transport.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+        self._transport.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        for transport in self._mounts.values():
+            if transport is not None:
+                transport.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+class AsyncClient(BaseClient):
+    """
+    An asynchronous HTTP client, with connection pooling, HTTP/2, redirects,
+    cookie persistence, etc.
+
+    It can be shared between tasks.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+    >>>     response = await client.get('https://example.org')
+    ```
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in request URLs, as
+    a string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **http2** - *(optional)* A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 support should be
+    enabled. Defaults to `False`.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **limits** - *(optional)* The limits configuration to use.
+    * **max_redirects** - *(optional)* The maximum number of redirect responses
+    that should be followed.
+    * **base_url** - *(optional)* A URL to use as the base when building
+    request URLs.
+    * **transport** - *(optional)* A transport class to use for sending requests
+    over the network.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+    * **default_encoding** - *(optional)* The default encoding to use for decoding
+    response text, if no charset information is included in a response Content-Type
+    header. Set to a callable for automatic character set detection. Default: "utf-8".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        mounts: None | (typing.Mapping[str, AsyncBaseTransport | None]) = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: None | (typing.Mapping[str, list[EventHook]]) = None,
+        base_url: URL | str = "",
+        transport: AsyncBaseTransport | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            auth=auth,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            max_redirects=max_redirects,
+            event_hooks=event_hooks,
+            base_url=base_url,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            default_encoding=default_encoding,
+        )
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using http2=True, but the 'h2' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[http2]`."
+                ) from None
+
+        allow_env_proxies = trust_env and transport is None
+        proxy_map = self._get_proxy_map(proxy, allow_env_proxies)
+
+        self._transport = self._init_transport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            transport=transport,
+        )
+
+        self._mounts: dict[URLPattern, AsyncBaseTransport | None] = {
+            URLPattern(key): None
+            if proxy is None
+            else self._init_proxy_transport(
+                proxy,
+                verify=verify,
+                cert=cert,
+                trust_env=trust_env,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                limits=limits,
+            )
+            for key, proxy in proxy_map.items()
+        }
+        if mounts is not None:
+            self._mounts.update(
+                {URLPattern(key): transport for key, transport in mounts.items()}
+            )
+        self._mounts = dict(sorted(self._mounts.items()))
+
+    def _init_transport(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        transport: AsyncBaseTransport | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        if transport is not None:
+            return transport
+
+        return AsyncHTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+        )
+
+    def _init_proxy_transport(
+        self,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    ) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        return AsyncHTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            proxy=proxy,
+        )
+
+    def _transport_for_url(self, url: URL) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        """
+        Returns the transport instance that should be used for a given URL.
+        This will either be the standard connection pool, or a proxy.
+        """
+        for pattern, transport in self._mounts.items():
+            if pattern.matches(url):
+                return self._transport if transport is None else transport
+
+        return self._transport
+
+    async def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build and send a request.
+
+        Equivalent to:
+
+        ```python
+        request = client.build_request(...)
+        response = await client.send(request, ...)
+        ```
+
+        See `AsyncClient.build_request()`, `AsyncClient.send()`
+        and [Merging of configuration][0] for how the various parameters
+        are merged with client-level configuration.
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#merging-of-configuration
+        """
+
+        if cookies is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            message = (
+                "Setting per-request cookies=<...> is being deprecated, because "
+                "the expected behaviour on cookie persistence is ambiguous. Set "
+                "cookies directly on the client instance instead."
+            )
+            warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        return await self.send(request, auth=auth, follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def stream(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[Response]:
+        """
+        Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+        instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+        See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+        [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.send(
+            request=request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            stream=True,
+        )
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request.
+
+        The request is sent as-is, unmodified.
+
+        Typically you'll want to build one with `AsyncClient.build_request()`
+        so that any client-level configuration is merged into the request,
+        but passing an explicit `httpx.Request()` is supported as well.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#request-instances
+        """
+        if self._state == ClientState.CLOSED:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot send a request, as the client has been closed.")
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+        follow_redirects = (
+            self.follow_redirects
+            if isinstance(follow_redirects, UseClientDefault)
+            else follow_redirects
+        )
+
+        self._set_timeout(request)
+
+        auth = self._build_request_auth(request, auth)
+
+        response = await self._send_handling_auth(
+            request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            history=[],
+        )
+        try:
+            if not stream:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            return response
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            await response.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def _send_handling_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: Auth,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        auth_flow = auth.async_auth_flow(request)
+        try:
+            request = await auth_flow.__anext__()
+
+            while True:
+                response = await self._send_handling_redirects(
+                    request,
+                    follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                    history=history,
+                )
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        next_request = await auth_flow.asend(response)
+                    except StopAsyncIteration:
+                        return response
+
+                    response.history = list(history)
+                    await response.aread()
+                    request = next_request
+                    history.append(response)
+
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    await response.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+        finally:
+            await auth_flow.aclose()
+
+    async def _send_handling_redirects(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        while True:
+            if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    "Exceeded maximum allowed redirects.", request=request
+                )
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["request"]:
+                await hook(request)
+
+            response = await self._send_single_request(request)
+            try:
+                for hook in self._event_hooks["response"]:
+                    await hook(response)
+
+                response.history = list(history)
+
+                if not response.has_redirect_location:
+                    return response
+
+                request = self._build_redirect_request(request, response)
+                history = history + [response]
+
+                if follow_redirects:
+                    await response.aread()
+                else:
+                    response.next_request = request
+                    return response
+
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                await response.aclose()
+                raise exc
+
+    async def _send_single_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Sends a single request, without handling any redirections.
+        """
+        transport = self._transport_for_url(request.url)
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+
+        if not isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to send an sync request with an AsyncClient instance."
+            )
+
+        with request_context(request=request):
+            response = await transport.handle_async_request(request)
+
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+        response.request = request
+        response.stream = BoundAsyncStream(
+            response.stream, response=response, start=start
+        )
+        self.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
+        response.default_encoding = self._default_encoding
+
+        logger.info(
+            'HTTP Request: %s %s "%s %d %s"',
+            request.method,
+            request.url,
+            response.http_version,
+            response.status_code,
+            response.reason_phrase,
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    async def get(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `GET` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "GET",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def options(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "OPTIONS",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def head(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `HEAD` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "HEAD",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def post(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `POST` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def put(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PUT` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "PUT",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def patch(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PATCH` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "PATCH",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def delete(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `DELETE` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "DELETE",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close transport and proxies.
+        """
+        if self._state != ClientState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+            await self._transport.aclose()
+            for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+                if proxy is not None:
+                    await proxy.aclose()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: U) -> U:
+        if self._state != ClientState.UNOPENED:
+            msg = {
+                ClientState.OPENED: "Cannot open a client instance more than once.",
+                ClientState.CLOSED: (
+                    "Cannot reopen a client instance, once it has been closed."
+                ),
+            }[self._state]
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+
+        await self._transport.__aenter__()
+        for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+            if proxy is not None:
+                await proxy.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+        await self._transport.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+            if proxy is not None:
+                await proxy.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..467a6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import typing
+
+from ._models import Headers
+from ._types import CertTypes, HeaderTypes, TimeoutTypes
+from ._urls import URL
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = ["Limits", "Proxy", "Timeout", "create_ssl_context"]
+
+
+class UnsetType:
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+UNSET = UnsetType()
+
+
+def create_ssl_context(
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    import ssl
+    import warnings
+
+    import certifi
+
+    if verify is True:
+        if trust_env and os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE"):  # pragma: nocover
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=os.environ["SSL_CERT_FILE"])
+        elif trust_env and os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_DIR"):  # pragma: nocover
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(capath=os.environ["SSL_CERT_DIR"])
+        else:
+            # Default case...
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
+    elif verify is False:
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        ctx.check_hostname = False
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+    elif isinstance(verify, str):  # pragma: nocover
+        message = (
+            "`verify=<str>` is deprecated. "
+            "Use `verify=ssl.create_default_context(cafile=...)` "
+            "or `verify=ssl.create_default_context(capath=...)` instead."
+        )
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        if os.path.isdir(verify):
+            return ssl.create_default_context(capath=verify)
+        return ssl.create_default_context(cafile=verify)
+    else:
+        ctx = verify
+
+    if cert:  # pragma: nocover
+        message = (
+            "`cert=...` is deprecated. Use `verify=<ssl_context>` instead,"
+            "with `.load_cert_chain()` to configure the certificate chain."
+        )
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        if isinstance(cert, str):
+            ctx.load_cert_chain(cert)
+        else:
+            ctx.load_cert_chain(*cert)
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+class Timeout:
+    """
+    Timeout configuration.
+
+    **Usage**:
+
+    Timeout(None)               # No timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0)                # 5s timeout on all operations.
+    Timeout(None, connect=5.0)  # 5s timeout on connect, no other timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0, connect=10.0)  # 10s timeout on connect. 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    Timeout(5.0, pool=None)     # No timeout on acquiring connection from pool.
+                                # 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        *,
+        connect: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        read: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        write: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        pool: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            # Passed as a single explicit Timeout.
+            assert connect is UNSET
+            assert read is UNSET
+            assert write is UNSET
+            assert pool is UNSET
+            self.connect = timeout.connect  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.read = timeout.read  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.write = timeout.write  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.pool = timeout.pool  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+        elif isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            # Passed as a tuple.
+            self.connect = timeout[0]
+            self.read = timeout[1]
+            self.write = None if len(timeout) < 3 else timeout[2]
+            self.pool = None if len(timeout) < 4 else timeout[3]
+        elif not (
+            isinstance(connect, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(read, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(write, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(pool, UnsetType)
+        ):
+            self.connect = connect
+            self.read = read
+            self.write = write
+            self.pool = pool
+        else:
+            if isinstance(timeout, UnsetType):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "httpx.Timeout must either include a default, or set all "
+                    "four parameters explicitly."
+                )
+            self.connect = timeout if isinstance(connect, UnsetType) else connect
+            self.read = timeout if isinstance(read, UnsetType) else read
+            self.write = timeout if isinstance(write, UnsetType) else write
+            self.pool = timeout if isinstance(pool, UnsetType) else pool
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict[str, float | None]:
+        return {
+            "connect": self.connect,
+            "read": self.read,
+            "write": self.write,
+            "pool": self.pool,
+        }
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.connect == other.connect
+            and self.read == other.read
+            and self.write == other.write
+            and self.pool == other.pool
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        if len({self.connect, self.read, self.write, self.pool}) == 1:
+            return f"{class_name}(timeout={self.connect})"
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(connect={self.connect}, "
+            f"read={self.read}, write={self.write}, pool={self.pool})"
+        )
+
+
+class Limits:
+    """
+    Configuration for limits to various client behaviors.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **max_connections** - The maximum number of concurrent connections that may be
+            established.
+    * **max_keepalive_connections** - Allow the connection pool to maintain
+            keep-alive connections below this point. Should be less than or equal
+            to `max_connections`.
+    * **keepalive_expiry** - Time limit on idle keep-alive connections in seconds.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_connections: int | None = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = 5.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.max_connections = max_connections
+        self.max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
+        self.keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.max_connections == other.max_connections
+            and self.max_keepalive_connections == other.max_keepalive_connections
+            and self.keepalive_expiry == other.keepalive_expiry
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(max_connections={self.max_connections}, "
+            f"max_keepalive_connections={self.max_keepalive_connections}, "
+            f"keepalive_expiry={self.keepalive_expiry})"
+        )
+
+
+class Proxy:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        auth: tuple[str, str] | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        url = URL(url)
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        if url.scheme not in ("http", "https", "socks5", "socks5h"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown scheme for proxy URL {url!r}")
+
+        if url.username or url.password:
+            # Remove any auth credentials from the URL.
+            auth = (url.username, url.password)
+            url = url.copy_with(username=None, password=None)
+
+        self.url = url
+        self.auth = auth
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+
+    @property
+    def raw_auth(self) -> tuple[bytes, bytes] | None:
+        # The proxy authentication as raw bytes.
+        return (
+            None
+            if self.auth is None
+            else (self.auth[0].encode("utf-8"), self.auth[1].encode("utf-8"))
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # The authentication is represented with the password component masked.
+        auth = (self.auth[0], "********") if self.auth else None
+
+        # Build a nice concise representation.
+        url_str = f"{str(self.url)!r}"
+        auth_str = f", auth={auth!r}" if auth else ""
+        headers_str = f", headers={dict(self.headers)!r}" if self.headers else ""
+        return f"Proxy({url_str}{auth_str}{headers_str})"
+
+
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG = Timeout(timeout=5.0)
+DEFAULT_LIMITS = Limits(max_connections=100, max_keepalive_connections=20)
+DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 20
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_content.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_content.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f479a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_content.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import warnings
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+)
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from ._exceptions import StreamClosed, StreamConsumed
+from ._multipart import MultipartStream
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    ResponseContent,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._utils import peek_filelike_length, primitive_value_to_str
+
+__all__ = ["ByteStream"]
+
+
+class ByteStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+
+class IteratorByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 65_536
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isgenerator(stream)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "read"):
+            # File-like interfaces should use 'read' directly.
+            chunk = self._stream.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+            while chunk:
+                yield chunk
+                chunk = self._stream.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise iterate.
+            for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+
+
+class AsyncIteratorByteStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 65_536
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isasyncgen(stream)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "aread"):
+            # File-like interfaces should use 'aread' directly.
+            chunk = await self._stream.aread(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+            while chunk:
+                yield chunk
+                chunk = await self._stream.aread(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise iterate.
+            async for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+
+
+class UnattachedStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    If a request or response is serialized using pickle, then it is no longer
+    attached to a stream for I/O purposes. Any stream operations should result
+    in `httpx.StreamClosed`.
+    """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def encode_content(
+    content: str | bytes | Iterable[bytes] | AsyncIterable[bytes],
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    if isinstance(content, (bytes, str)):
+        body = content.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(content, str) else content
+        content_length = len(body)
+        headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length)} if body else {}
+        return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+    elif isinstance(content, Iterable) and not isinstance(content, dict):
+        # `not isinstance(content, dict)` is a bit oddly specific, but it
+        # catches a case that's easy for users to make in error, and would
+        # otherwise pass through here, like any other bytes-iterable,
+        # because `dict` happens to be iterable. See issue #2491.
+        content_length_or_none = peek_filelike_length(content)
+
+        if content_length_or_none is None:
+            headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        else:
+            headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length_or_none)}
+        return headers, IteratorByteStream(content)  # type: ignore
+
+    elif isinstance(content, AsyncIterable):
+        headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        return headers, AsyncIteratorByteStream(content)
+
+    raise TypeError(f"Unexpected type for 'content', {type(content)!r}")
+
+
+def encode_urlencoded_data(
+    data: RequestData,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    plain_data = []
+    for key, value in data.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            plain_data.extend([(key, primitive_value_to_str(item)) for item in value])
+        else:
+            plain_data.append((key, primitive_value_to_str(value)))
+    body = urlencode(plain_data, doseq=True).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_data(
+    data: RequestData, files: RequestFiles, boundary: bytes | None
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], MultipartStream]:
+    multipart = MultipartStream(data=data, files=files, boundary=boundary)
+    headers = multipart.get_headers()
+    return headers, multipart
+
+
+def encode_text(text: str) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = text.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_html(html: str) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = html.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_json(json: Any) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = json_dumps(
+        json, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"), allow_nan=False
+    ).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/json"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_request(
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: Any | None = None,
+    boundary: bytes | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, `data`, `files`, and `json`,
+    returning a two-tuple of (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if data is not None and not isinstance(data, Mapping):
+        # We prefer to separate `content=<bytes|str|byte iterator|bytes aiterator>`
+        # for raw request content, and `data=<form data>` for url encoded or
+        # multipart form content.
+        #
+        # However for compat with requests, we *do* still support
+        # `data=<bytes...>` usages. We deal with that case here, treating it
+        # as if `content=<...>` had been supplied instead.
+        message = "Use 'content=<...>' to upload raw bytes/text content."
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return encode_content(data)
+
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif files:
+        return encode_multipart_data(data or {}, files, boundary)
+    elif data:
+        return encode_urlencoded_data(data)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
+
+
+def encode_response(
+    content: ResponseContent | None = None,
+    text: str | None = None,
+    html: str | None = None,
+    json: Any | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, returning a two-tuple of
+    (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif text is not None:
+        return encode_text(text)
+    elif html is not None:
+        return encode_html(html)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..899dfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+"""
+Handlers for Content-Encoding.
+
+See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Encoding
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import io
+import typing
+import zlib
+
+from ._exceptions import DecodingError
+
+# Brotli support is optional
+try:
+    # The C bindings in `brotli` are recommended for CPython.
+    import brotli
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        # The CFFI bindings in `brotlicffi` are recommended for PyPy
+        # and other environments.
+        import brotlicffi as brotli
+    except ImportError:
+        brotli = None
+
+
+# Zstandard support is optional
+try:
+    import zstandard
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    zstandard = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+class ContentDecoder:
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class IdentityDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle unencoded data.
+    """
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        return b""
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'deflate' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.first_attempt = True
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        was_first_attempt = self.first_attempt
+        self.first_attempt = False
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            if was_first_attempt:
+                self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+                return self.decode(data)
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class GZipDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'gzip' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class BrotliDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'brotli' decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install brotlipy`. See: https://brotlipy.readthedocs.io/
+        or   `pip install brotli`. See https://github.com/google/brotli
+    Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages since they share an import
+    name. The top branches are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if brotli is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'BrotliDecoder', but neither of the 'brotlicffi' or 'brotli' "
+                "packages have been installed. "
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[brotli]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = brotli.Decompressor()
+        self.seen_data = False
+        self._decompress: typing.Callable[[bytes], bytes]
+        if hasattr(self.decompressor, "decompress"):
+            # The 'brotlicffi' package.
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.decompress  # pragma: no cover
+        else:
+            # The 'brotli' package.
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.process  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not data:
+            return b""
+        self.seen_data = True
+        try:
+            return self._decompress(data)
+        except brotli.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        try:
+            if hasattr(self.decompressor, "finish"):
+                # Only available in the 'brotlicffi' package.
+
+                # As the decompressor decompresses eagerly, this
+                # will never actually emit any data. However, it will potentially throw
+                # errors if a truncated or damaged data stream has been used.
+                self.decompressor.finish()  # pragma: no cover
+            return b""
+        except brotli.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class ZStandardDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'zstd' RFC 8878 decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install zstandard`.
+    Can be installed as a dependency of httpx using `pip install httpx[zstd]`.
+    """
+
+    # inspired by the ZstdDecoder implementation in urllib3
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if zstandard is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'ZStandardDecoder', ..."
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[zstd]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor().decompressobj()
+        self.seen_data = False
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        assert zstandard is not None
+        self.seen_data = True
+        output = io.BytesIO()
+        try:
+            output.write(self.decompressor.decompress(data))
+            while self.decompressor.eof and self.decompressor.unused_data:
+                unused_data = self.decompressor.unused_data
+                self.decompressor = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor().decompressobj()
+                output.write(self.decompressor.decompress(unused_data))
+        except zstandard.ZstdError as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+        return output.getvalue()
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        ret = self.decompressor.flush()  # note: this is a no-op
+        if not self.decompressor.eof:
+            raise DecodingError("Zstandard data is incomplete")  # pragma: no cover
+        return bytes(ret)
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle the case where multiple encodings have been applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, children: typing.Sequence[ContentDecoder]) -> None:
+        """
+        'children' should be a sequence of decoders in the order in which
+        each was applied.
+        """
+        # Note that we reverse the order for decoding.
+        self.children = list(reversed(children))
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data)
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        data = b""
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data) + child.flush()
+        return data
+
+
+class ByteChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning byte content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content] if content else []
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning text content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.StringIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: str) -> list[str]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content] if content else []
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[str]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally decoding bytes into text
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> None:
+        self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)(errors="replace")
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> str:
+        return self.decoder.decode(data)
+
+    def flush(self) -> str:
+        return self.decoder.decode(b"", True)
+
+
+class LineDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally reading lines from text.
+
+    Has the same behaviour as the stdllib splitlines,
+    but handling the input iteratively.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.buffer: list[str] = []
+        self.trailing_cr: bool = False
+
+    def decode(self, text: str) -> list[str]:
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.splitlines
+        NEWLINE_CHARS = "\n\r\x0b\x0c\x1c\x1d\x1e\x85\u2028\u2029"
+
+        # We always push a trailing `\r` into the next decode iteration.
+        if self.trailing_cr:
+            text = "\r" + text
+            self.trailing_cr = False
+        if text.endswith("\r"):
+            self.trailing_cr = True
+            text = text[:-1]
+
+        if not text:
+            # NOTE: the edge case input of empty text doesn't occur in practice,
+            # because other httpx internals filter out this value
+            return []  # pragma: no cover
+
+        trailing_newline = text[-1] in NEWLINE_CHARS
+        lines = text.splitlines()
+
+        if len(lines) == 1 and not trailing_newline:
+            # No new lines, buffer the input and continue.
+            self.buffer.append(lines[0])
+            return []
+
+        if self.buffer:
+            # Include any existing buffer in the first portion of the
+            # splitlines result.
+            lines = ["".join(self.buffer) + lines[0]] + lines[1:]
+            self.buffer = []
+
+        if not trailing_newline:
+            # If the last segment of splitlines is not newline terminated,
+            # then drop it from our output and start a new buffer.
+            self.buffer = [lines.pop()]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[str]:
+        if not self.buffer and not self.trailing_cr:
+            return []
+
+        lines = ["".join(self.buffer)]
+        self.buffer = []
+        self.trailing_cr = False
+        return lines
+
+
+SUPPORTED_DECODERS = {
+    "identity": IdentityDecoder,
+    "gzip": GZipDecoder,
+    "deflate": DeflateDecoder,
+    "br": BrotliDecoder,
+    "zstd": ZStandardDecoder,
+}
+
+
+if brotli is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("br")  # pragma: no cover
+if zstandard is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("zstd")  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77f45a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+"""
+Our exception hierarchy:
+
+* HTTPError
+  x RequestError
+    + TransportError
+      - TimeoutException
+        · ConnectTimeout
+        · ReadTimeout
+        · WriteTimeout
+        · PoolTimeout
+      - NetworkError
+        · ConnectError
+        · ReadError
+        · WriteError
+        · CloseError
+      - ProtocolError
+        · LocalProtocolError
+        · RemoteProtocolError
+      - ProxyError
+      - UnsupportedProtocol
+    + DecodingError
+    + TooManyRedirects
+  x HTTPStatusError
+* InvalidURL
+* CookieConflict
+* StreamError
+  x StreamConsumed
+  x StreamClosed
+  x ResponseNotRead
+  x RequestNotRead
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._models import Request, Response  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CloseError",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+]
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """
+    Base class for `RequestError` and `HTTPStatusError`.
+
+    Useful for `try...except` blocks when issuing a request,
+    and then calling `.raise_for_status()`.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```
+    try:
+        response = httpx.get("https://www.example.com")
+        response.raise_for_status()
+    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+        print(f"HTTP Exception for {exc.request.url} - {exc}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self._request: Request | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> Request:
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("The .request property has not been set.")
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class RequestError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that may occur when issuing a `.request()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: Request | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # At the point an exception is raised we won't typically have a request
+        # instance to associate it with.
+        #
+        # The 'request_context' context manager is used within the Client and
+        # Response methods in order to ensure that any raised exceptions
+        # have a `.request` property set on them.
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class TransportError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that occur at the level of the Transport API.
+    """
+
+
+# Timeout exceptions...
+
+
+class TimeoutException(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for timeout errors.
+
+    An operation has timed out.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while connecting to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while receiving data from the host.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while sending data to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out waiting to acquire a connection from the pool.
+    """
+
+
+# Core networking exceptions...
+
+
+class NetworkError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for network-related errors.
+
+    An error occurred while interacting with the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to receive data from the network.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to send data through the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to establish a connection.
+    """
+
+
+class CloseError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to close a connection.
+    """
+
+
+# Other transport exceptions...
+
+
+class ProxyError(TransportError):
+    """
+    An error occurred while establishing a proxy connection.
+    """
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(TransportError):
+    """
+    Attempted to make a request to an unsupported protocol.
+
+    For example issuing a request to `ftp://www.example.com`.
+    """
+
+
+class ProtocolError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated.
+    """
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    A protocol was violated by the client.
+
+    For example if the user instantiated a `Request` instance explicitly,
+    failed to include the mandatory `Host:` header, and then issued it directly
+    using `client.send()`.
+    """
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated by the server.
+
+    For example, returning malformed HTTP.
+    """
+
+
+# Other request exceptions...
+
+
+class DecodingError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Decoding of the response failed, due to a malformed encoding.
+    """
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestError):
+    """
+    Too many redirects.
+    """
+
+
+# Client errors
+
+
+class HTTPStatusError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    The response had an error HTTP status of 4xx or 5xx.
+
+    May be raised when calling `response.raise_for_status()`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: Request, response: Response) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+
+
+class InvalidURL(Exception):
+    """
+    URL is improperly formed or cannot be parsed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class CookieConflict(Exception):
+    """
+    Attempted to lookup a cookie by name, but multiple cookies existed.
+
+    Can occur when calling `response.cookies.get(...)`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+# Stream exceptions...
+
+# These may occur as the result of a programming error, by accessing
+# the request/response stream in an invalid manner.
+
+
+class StreamError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    The base class for stream exceptions.
+
+    The developer made an error in accessing the request stream in
+    an invalid way.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamConsumed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream content, but the content has already
+    been streamed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream some content, but the content has "
+            "already been streamed. For requests, this could be due to passing "
+            "a generator as request content, and then receiving a redirect "
+            "response or a secondary request as part of an authentication flow."
+            "For responses, this could be due to attempting to stream the response "
+            "content more than once."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamClosed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream response content, but the request has been
+    closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream content, but the stream has " "been closed."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class ResponseNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming response content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to access streaming response content,"
+            " without having called `read()`."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class RequestNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming request content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to access streaming request content,"
+            " without having called `read()`."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def request_context(
+    request: Request | None = None,
+) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    """
+    A context manager that can be used to attach the given request context
+    to any `RequestError` exceptions that are raised within the block.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        if request is not None:
+            exc.request = request
+        raise exc
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cffa4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import json
+import sys
+import typing
+
+import click
+import pygments.lexers
+import pygments.util
+import rich.console
+import rich.markup
+import rich.progress
+import rich.syntax
+import rich.table
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._exceptions import RequestError
+from ._models import Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import httpcore  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def print_help() -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+
+    console.print("[bold]HTTPX :butterfly:", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+    console.print("A next generation HTTP client.", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+    console.print(
+        "Usage: [bold]httpx[/bold] [cyan]<URL> [OPTIONS][/cyan] ", justify="left"
+    )
+    console.print()
+
+    table = rich.table.Table.grid(padding=1, pad_edge=True)
+    table.add_column("Parameter", no_wrap=True, justify="left", style="bold")
+    table.add_column("Description")
+    table.add_row(
+        "-m, --method [cyan]METHOD",
+        "Request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, HEAD.\n"
+        "[Default: GET, or POST if a request body is included]",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-p, --params [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...",
+        "Query parameters to include in the request URL.",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-c, --content [cyan]TEXT", "Byte content to include in the request body."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-d, --data [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...", "Form data to include in the request body."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-f, --files [cyan]<NAME FILENAME> ...",
+        "Form files to include in the request body.",
+    )
+    table.add_row("-j, --json [cyan]TEXT", "JSON data to include in the request body.")
+    table.add_row(
+        "-h, --headers [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...",
+        "Include additional HTTP headers in the request.",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "--cookies [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...", "Cookies to include in the request."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "--auth [cyan]<USER PASS>",
+        "Username and password to include in the request. Specify '-' for the password"
+        " to use a password prompt. Note that using --verbose/-v will expose"
+        " the Authorization header, including the password encoding"
+        " in a trivially reversible format.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--proxy [cyan]URL",
+        "Send the request via a proxy. Should be the URL giving the proxy address.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--timeout [cyan]FLOAT",
+        "Timeout value to use for network operations, such as establishing the"
+        " connection, reading some data, etc... [Default: 5.0]",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("--follow-redirects", "Automatically follow redirects.")
+    table.add_row("--no-verify", "Disable SSL verification.")
+    table.add_row(
+        "--http2", "Send the request using HTTP/2, if the remote server supports it."
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--download [cyan]FILE",
+        "Save the response content as a file, rather than displaying it.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("-v, --verbose", "Verbose output. Show request as well as response.")
+    table.add_row("--help", "Show this message and exit.")
+    console.print(table)
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_response(response: Response) -> str:
+    content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type")
+    if content_type is not None:
+        mime_type, _, _ = content_type.partition(";")
+        try:
+            return typing.cast(
+                str, pygments.lexers.get_lexer_for_mimetype(mime_type.strip()).name
+            )
+        except pygments.util.ClassNotFound:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+    return ""  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def format_request_headers(request: httpcore.Request, http2: bool = False) -> str:
+    version = "HTTP/2" if http2 else "HTTP/1.1"
+    headers = [
+        (name.lower() if http2 else name, value) for name, value in request.headers
+    ]
+    method = request.method.decode("ascii")
+    target = request.url.target.decode("ascii")
+    lines = [f"{method} {target} {version}"] + [
+        f"{name.decode('ascii')}: {value.decode('ascii')}" for name, value in headers
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def format_response_headers(
+    http_version: bytes,
+    status: int,
+    reason_phrase: bytes | None,
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+) -> str:
+    version = http_version.decode("ascii")
+    reason = (
+        codes.get_reason_phrase(status)
+        if reason_phrase is None
+        else reason_phrase.decode("ascii")
+    )
+    lines = [f"{version} {status} {reason}"] + [
+        f"{name.decode('ascii')}: {value.decode('ascii')}" for name, value in headers
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def print_request_headers(request: httpcore.Request, http2: bool = False) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    http_text = format_request_headers(request, http2=http2)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(http_text, "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax("", "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+
+
+def print_response_headers(
+    http_version: bytes,
+    status: int,
+    reason_phrase: bytes | None,
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    http_text = format_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(http_text, "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax("", "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+
+
+def print_response(response: Response) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    lexer_name = get_lexer_for_response(response)
+    if lexer_name:
+        if lexer_name.lower() == "json":
+            try:
+                data = response.json()
+                text = json.dumps(data, indent=4)
+            except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover
+                text = response.text
+        else:
+            text = response.text
+
+        syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(text, lexer_name, theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+        console.print(syntax)
+    else:
+        console.print(f"<{len(response.content)} bytes of binary data>")
+
+
+_PCTRTT = typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT = typing.Tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+_PeerCertRetDictType = typing.Dict[str, typing.Union[str, _PCTRTTT, _PCTRTT]]
+
+
+def format_certificate(cert: _PeerCertRetDictType) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+    lines = []
+    for key, value in cert.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            lines.append(f"*   {key}:")
+            for item in value:
+                if key in ("subject", "issuer"):
+                    for sub_item in item:
+                        lines.append(f"*     {sub_item[0]}: {sub_item[1]!r}")
+                elif isinstance(item, tuple) and len(item) == 2:
+                    lines.append(f"*     {item[0]}: {item[1]!r}")
+                else:
+                    lines.append(f"*     {item!r}")
+        else:
+            lines.append(f"*   {key}: {value!r}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def trace(
+    name: str, info: typing.Mapping[str, typing.Any], verbose: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    if name == "connection.connect_tcp.started" and verbose:
+        host = info["host"]
+        console.print(f"* Connecting to {host!r}")
+    elif name == "connection.connect_tcp.complete" and verbose:
+        stream = info["return_value"]
+        server_addr = stream.get_extra_info("server_addr")
+        console.print(f"* Connected to {server_addr[0]!r} on port {server_addr[1]}")
+    elif name == "connection.start_tls.complete" and verbose:  # pragma: no cover
+        stream = info["return_value"]
+        ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+        version = ssl_object.version()
+        cipher = ssl_object.cipher()
+        server_cert = ssl_object.getpeercert()
+        alpn = ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol()
+        console.print(f"* SSL established using {version!r} / {cipher[0]!r}")
+        console.print(f"* Selected ALPN protocol: {alpn!r}")
+        if server_cert:
+            console.print("* Server certificate:")
+            console.print(format_certificate(server_cert))
+    elif name == "http11.send_request_headers.started" and verbose:
+        request = info["request"]
+        print_request_headers(request, http2=False)
+    elif name == "http2.send_request_headers.started" and verbose:  # pragma: no cover
+        request = info["request"]
+        print_request_headers(request, http2=True)
+    elif name == "http11.receive_response_headers.complete":
+        http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers = info["return_value"]
+        print_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+    elif name == "http2.receive_response_headers.complete":  # pragma: no cover
+        status, headers = info["return_value"]
+        http_version = b"HTTP/2"
+        reason_phrase = None
+        print_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+
+
+def download_response(response: Response, download: typing.BinaryIO) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    console.print()
+    content_length = response.headers.get("Content-Length")
+    with rich.progress.Progress(
+        "[progress.description]{task.description}",
+        "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%",
+        rich.progress.BarColumn(bar_width=None),
+        rich.progress.DownloadColumn(),
+        rich.progress.TransferSpeedColumn(),
+    ) as progress:
+        description = f"Downloading [bold]{rich.markup.escape(download.name)}"
+        download_task = progress.add_task(
+            description,
+            total=int(content_length or 0),
+            start=content_length is not None,
+        )
+        for chunk in response.iter_bytes():
+            download.write(chunk)
+            progress.update(download_task, completed=response.num_bytes_downloaded)
+
+
+def validate_json(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> typing.Any:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        return json.loads(value)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise click.BadParameter("Not valid JSON")
+
+
+def validate_auth(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> typing.Any:
+    if value == (None, None):
+        return None
+
+    username, password = value
+    if password == "-":  # pragma: no cover
+        password = click.prompt("Password", hide_input=True)
+    return (username, password)
+
+
+def handle_help(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> None:
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+
+    print_help()
+    ctx.exit()
+
+
+@click.command(add_help_option=False)
+@click.argument("url", type=str)
+@click.option(
+    "--method",
+    "-m",
+    "method",
+    type=str,
+    help=(
+        "Request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, HEAD. "
+        "[Default: GET, or POST if a request body is included]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--params",
+    "-p",
+    "params",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Query parameters to include in the request URL.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--content",
+    "-c",
+    "content",
+    type=str,
+    help="Byte content to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--data",
+    "-d",
+    "data",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Form data to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--files",
+    "-f",
+    "files",
+    type=(str, click.File(mode="rb")),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Form files to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--json",
+    "-j",
+    "json",
+    type=str,
+    callback=validate_json,
+    help="JSON data to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--headers",
+    "-h",
+    "headers",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Include additional HTTP headers in the request.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--cookies",
+    "cookies",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Cookies to include in the request.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--auth",
+    "auth",
+    type=(str, str),
+    default=(None, None),
+    callback=validate_auth,
+    help=(
+        "Username and password to include in the request. "
+        "Specify '-' for the password to use a password prompt. "
+        "Note that using --verbose/-v will expose the Authorization header, "
+        "including the password encoding in a trivially reversible format."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--proxy",
+    "proxy",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Send the request via a proxy. Should be the URL giving the proxy address.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout",
+    "timeout",
+    type=float,
+    default=5.0,
+    help=(
+        "Timeout value to use for network operations, such as establishing the "
+        "connection, reading some data, etc... [Default: 5.0]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--follow-redirects",
+    "follow_redirects",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Automatically follow redirects.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--no-verify",
+    "verify",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Disable SSL verification.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--http2",
+    "http2",
+    type=bool,
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Send the request using HTTP/2, if the remote server supports it.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--download",
+    type=click.File("wb"),
+    help="Save the response content as a file, rather than displaying it.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--verbose",
+    "-v",
+    type=bool,
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Verbose. Show request as well as response.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--help",
+    is_flag=True,
+    is_eager=True,
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=handle_help,
+    help="Show this message and exit.",
+)
+def main(
+    url: str,
+    method: str,
+    params: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    content: str,
+    data: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    files: list[tuple[str, click.File]],
+    json: str,
+    headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    cookies: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    auth: tuple[str, str] | None,
+    proxy: str,
+    timeout: float,
+    follow_redirects: bool,
+    verify: bool,
+    http2: bool,
+    download: typing.BinaryIO | None,
+    verbose: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An HTTP command line client.
+    Sends a request and displays the response.
+    """
+    if not method:
+        method = "POST" if content or data or files or json else "GET"
+
+    try:
+        with Client(proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout, http2=http2, verify=verify) as client:
+            with client.stream(
+                method,
+                url,
+                params=list(params),
+                content=content,
+                data=dict(data),
+                files=files,  # type: ignore
+                json=json,
+                headers=headers,
+                cookies=dict(cookies),
+                auth=auth,
+                follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                extensions={"trace": functools.partial(trace, verbose=verbose)},
+            ) as response:
+                if download is not None:
+                    download_response(response, download)
+                else:
+                    response.read()
+                    if response.content:
+                        print_response(response)
+
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        console = rich.console.Console()
+        console.print(f"[red]{type(exc).__name__}[/red]: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    sys.exit(0 if response.is_success else 1)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_models.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67d74bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import datetime
+import email.message
+import json as jsonlib
+import re
+import typing
+import urllib.request
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from http.cookiejar import Cookie, CookieJar
+
+from ._content import ByteStream, UnattachedStream, encode_request, encode_response
+from ._decoders import (
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS,
+    ByteChunker,
+    ContentDecoder,
+    IdentityDecoder,
+    LineDecoder,
+    MultiDecoder,
+    TextChunker,
+    TextDecoder,
+)
+from ._exceptions import (
+    CookieConflict,
+    HTTPStatusError,
+    RequestNotRead,
+    ResponseNotRead,
+    StreamClosed,
+    StreamConsumed,
+    request_context,
+)
+from ._multipart import get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestExtensions,
+    RequestFiles,
+    ResponseContent,
+    ResponseExtensions,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._urls import URL
+from ._utils import to_bytes_or_str, to_str
+
+__all__ = ["Cookies", "Headers", "Request", "Response"]
+
+SENSITIVE_HEADERS = {"authorization", "proxy-authorization"}
+
+
+def _is_known_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return `True` if `encoding` is a known codec.
+    """
+    try:
+        codecs.lookup(encoding)
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _normalize_header_key(key: str | bytes, encoding: str | None = None) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Coerce str/bytes into a strictly byte-wise HTTP header key.
+    """
+    return key if isinstance(key, bytes) else key.encode(encoding or "ascii")
+
+
+def _normalize_header_value(value: str | bytes, encoding: str | None = None) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Coerce str/bytes into a strictly byte-wise HTTP header value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return value
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        raise TypeError(f"Header value must be str or bytes, not {type(value)}")
+    return value.encode(encoding or "ascii")
+
+
+def _parse_content_type_charset(content_type: str) -> str | None:
+    # We used to use `cgi.parse_header()` here, but `cgi` became a dead battery.
+    # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0594/#cgi
+    msg = email.message.Message()
+    msg["content-type"] = content_type
+    return msg.get_content_charset(failobj=None)
+
+
+def _parse_header_links(value: str) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Returns a list of parsed link headers, for more info see:
+    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Link
+    The generic syntax of those is:
+    Link: < uri-reference >; param1=value1; param2="value2"
+    So for instance:
+    Link; '<http:/.../front.jpeg>; type="image/jpeg",<http://.../back.jpeg>;'
+    would return
+        [
+            {"url": "http:/.../front.jpeg", "type": "image/jpeg"},
+            {"url": "http://.../back.jpeg"},
+        ]
+    :param value: HTTP Link entity-header field
+    :return: list of parsed link headers
+    """
+    links: list[dict[str, str]] = []
+    replace_chars = " '\""
+    value = value.strip(replace_chars)
+    if not value:
+        return links
+    for val in re.split(", *<", value):
+        try:
+            url, params = val.split(";", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            url, params = val, ""
+        link = {"url": url.strip("<> '\"")}
+        for param in params.split(";"):
+            try:
+                key, value = param.split("=")
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+            link[key.strip(replace_chars)] = value.strip(replace_chars)
+        links.append(link)
+    return links
+
+
+def _obfuscate_sensitive_headers(
+    items: typing.Iterable[tuple[typing.AnyStr, typing.AnyStr]],
+) -> typing.Iterator[tuple[typing.AnyStr, typing.AnyStr]]:
+    for k, v in items:
+        if to_str(k.lower()) in SENSITIVE_HEADERS:
+            v = to_bytes_or_str("[secure]", match_type_of=v)
+        yield k, v
+
+
+class Headers(typing.MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    HTTP headers, as a case-insensitive multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._list = []  # type: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]]
+
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            self._list = list(headers._list)
+        elif isinstance(headers, Mapping):
+            for k, v in headers.items():
+                bytes_key = _normalize_header_key(k, encoding)
+                bytes_value = _normalize_header_value(v, encoding)
+                self._list.append((bytes_key, bytes_key.lower(), bytes_value))
+        elif headers is not None:
+            for k, v in headers:
+                bytes_key = _normalize_header_key(k, encoding)
+                bytes_value = _normalize_header_value(v, encoding)
+                self._list.append((bytes_key, bytes_key.lower(), bytes_value))
+
+        self._encoding = encoding
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Header encoding is mandated as ascii, but we allow fallbacks to utf-8
+        or iso-8859-1.
+        """
+        if self._encoding is None:
+            for encoding in ["ascii", "utf-8"]:
+                for key, value in self.raw:
+                    try:
+                        key.decode(encoding)
+                        value.decode(encoding)
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # The else block runs if 'break' did not occur, meaning
+                    # all values fitted the encoding.
+                    self._encoding = encoding
+                    break
+            else:
+                # The ISO-8859-1 encoding covers all 256 code points in a byte,
+                # so will never raise decode errors.
+                self._encoding = "iso-8859-1"
+        return self._encoding
+
+    @encoding.setter
+    def encoding(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._encoding = value
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        """
+        Returns a list of the raw header items, as byte pairs.
+        """
+        return [(raw_key, value) for raw_key, _, value in self._list]
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
+        return {key.decode(self.encoding): None for _, key, value in self._list}.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
+        values_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for _, key, value in self._list:
+            str_key = key.decode(self.encoding)
+            str_value = value.decode(self.encoding)
+            if str_key in values_dict:
+                values_dict[str_key] += f", {str_value}"
+            else:
+                values_dict[str_key] = str_value
+        return values_dict.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return `(key, value)` items of headers. Concatenate headers
+        into a single comma separated value when a key occurs multiple times.
+        """
+        values_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for _, key, value in self._list:
+            str_key = key.decode(self.encoding)
+            str_value = value.decode(self.encoding)
+            if str_key in values_dict:
+                values_dict[str_key] += f", {str_value}"
+            else:
+                values_dict[str_key] = str_value
+        return values_dict.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return a list of `(key, value)` pairs of headers. Allow multiple
+        occurrences of the same key without concatenating into a single
+        comma separated value.
+        """
+        return [
+            (key.decode(self.encoding), value.decode(self.encoding))
+            for _, key, value in self._list
+        ]
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Return a header value. If multiple occurrences of the header occur
+        then concatenate them together with commas.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str, split_commas: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Return a list of all header values for a given key.
+        If `split_commas=True` is passed, then any comma separated header
+        values are split into multiple return strings.
+        """
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        values = [
+            item_value.decode(self.encoding)
+            for _, item_key, item_value in self._list
+            if item_key.lower() == get_header_key
+        ]
+
+        if not split_commas:
+            return values
+
+        split_values = []
+        for value in values:
+            split_values.extend([item.strip() for item in value.split(",")])
+        return split_values
+
+    def update(self, headers: HeaderTypes | None = None) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+        for key in headers.keys():
+            if key in self:
+                self.pop(key)
+        self._list.extend(headers._list)
+
+    def copy(self) -> Headers:
+        return Headers(self, encoding=self.encoding)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single header value.
+
+        If there are multiple headers with the same key, then we concatenate
+        them with commas. See: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.2
+        """
+        normalized_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        items = [
+            header_value.decode(self.encoding)
+            for _, header_key, header_value in self._list
+            if header_key == normalized_key
+        ]
+
+        if items:
+            return ", ".join(items)
+
+        raise KeyError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the header `key` to `value`, removing any duplicate entries.
+        Retains insertion order.
+        """
+        set_key = key.encode(self._encoding or "utf-8")
+        set_value = value.encode(self._encoding or "utf-8")
+        lookup_key = set_key.lower()
+
+        found_indexes = [
+            idx
+            for idx, (_, item_key, _) in enumerate(self._list)
+            if item_key == lookup_key
+        ]
+
+        for idx in reversed(found_indexes[1:]):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+        if found_indexes:
+            idx = found_indexes[0]
+            self._list[idx] = (set_key, lookup_key, set_value)
+        else:
+            self._list.append((set_key, lookup_key, set_value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove the header `key`.
+        """
+        del_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        pop_indexes = [
+            idx
+            for idx, (_, item_key, _) in enumerate(self._list)
+            if item_key.lower() == del_key
+        ]
+
+        if not pop_indexes:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        for idx in reversed(pop_indexes):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        header_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+        return header_key in [key for _, key, _ in self._list]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._list)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        try:
+            other_headers = Headers(other)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        self_list = [(key, value) for _, key, value in self._list]
+        other_list = [(key, value) for _, key, value in other_headers._list]
+        return sorted(self_list) == sorted(other_list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+
+        encoding_str = ""
+        if self.encoding != "ascii":
+            encoding_str = f", encoding={self.encoding!r}"
+
+        as_list = list(_obfuscate_sensitive_headers(self.multi_items()))
+        as_dict = dict(as_list)
+
+        no_duplicate_keys = len(as_dict) == len(as_list)
+        if no_duplicate_keys:
+            return f"{class_name}({as_dict!r}{encoding_str})"
+        return f"{class_name}({as_list!r}{encoding_str})"
+
+
+class Request:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        stream: SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream | None = None,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.method = method.upper()
+        self.url = URL(url) if params is None else URL(url, params=params)
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else dict(extensions)
+
+        if cookies:
+            Cookies(cookies).set_cookie_header(self)
+
+        if stream is None:
+            content_type: str | None = self.headers.get("content-type")
+            headers, stream = encode_request(
+                content=content,
+                data=data,
+                files=files,
+                json=json,
+                boundary=get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type(
+                    content_type=content_type.encode(self.headers.encoding)
+                    if content_type
+                    else None
+                ),
+            )
+            self._prepare(headers)
+            self.stream = stream
+            # Load the request body, except for streaming content.
+            if isinstance(stream, ByteStream):
+                self.read()
+        else:
+            # There's an important distinction between `Request(content=...)`,
+            # and `Request(stream=...)`.
+            #
+            # Using `content=...` implies automatically populated `Host` and content
+            # headers, of either `Content-Length: ...` or `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+            #
+            # Using `stream=...` will not automatically include *any*
+            # auto-populated headers.
+            #
+            # As an end-user you don't really need `stream=...`. It's only
+            # useful when:
+            #
+            # * Preserving the request stream when copying requests, eg for redirects.
+            # * Creating request instances on the *server-side* of the transport API.
+            self.stream = stream
+
+    def _prepare(self, default_headers: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, value in default_headers.items():
+            # Ignore Transfer-Encoding if the Content-Length has been set explicitly.
+            if key.lower() == "transfer-encoding" and "Content-Length" in self.headers:
+                continue
+            self.headers.setdefault(key, value)
+
+        auto_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+
+        has_host = "Host" in self.headers
+        has_content_length = (
+            "Content-Length" in self.headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in self.headers
+        )
+
+        if not has_host and self.url.host:
+            auto_headers.append((b"Host", self.url.netloc))
+        if not has_content_length and self.method in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH"):
+            auto_headers.append((b"Content-Length", b"0"))
+
+        self.headers = Headers(auto_headers + self.headers.raw)
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            raise RequestNotRead()
+        return self._content
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the request content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            assert isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable)
+            self._content = b"".join(self.stream)
+            if not isinstance(self.stream, ByteStream):
+                # If a streaming request has been read entirely into memory, then
+                # we can replace the stream with a raw bytes implementation,
+                # to ensure that any non-replayable streams can still be used.
+                self.stream = ByteStream(self._content)
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the request content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            assert isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.stream])
+            if not isinstance(self.stream, ByteStream):
+                # If a streaming request has been read entirely into memory, then
+                # we can replace the stream with a raw bytes implementation,
+                # to ensure that any non-replayable streams can still be used.
+                self.stream = ByteStream(self._content)
+        return self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        url = str(self.url)
+        return f"<{class_name}({self.method!r}, {url!r})>"
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+        return {
+            name: value
+            for name, value in self.__dict__.items()
+            if name not in ["extensions", "stream"]
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+        self.extensions = {}
+        self.stream = UnattachedStream()
+
+
+class Response:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status_code: int,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        content: ResponseContent | None = None,
+        text: str | None = None,
+        html: str | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        stream: SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream | None = None,
+        request: Request | None = None,
+        extensions: ResponseExtensions | None = None,
+        history: list[Response] | None = None,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        self._request: Request | None = request
+
+        # When follow_redirects=False and a redirect is received,
+        # the client will set `response.next_request`.
+        self.next_request: Request | None = None
+
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else dict(extensions)
+        self.history = [] if history is None else list(history)
+
+        self.is_closed = False
+        self.is_stream_consumed = False
+
+        self.default_encoding = default_encoding
+
+        if stream is None:
+            headers, stream = encode_response(content, text, html, json)
+            self._prepare(headers)
+            self.stream = stream
+            if isinstance(stream, ByteStream):
+                # Load the response body, except for streaming content.
+                self.read()
+        else:
+            # There's an important distinction between `Response(content=...)`,
+            # and `Response(stream=...)`.
+            #
+            # Using `content=...` implies automatically populated content headers,
+            # of either `Content-Length: ...` or `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+            #
+            # Using `stream=...` will not automatically include any content headers.
+            #
+            # As an end-user you don't really need `stream=...`. It's only
+            # useful when creating response instances having received a stream
+            # from the transport API.
+            self.stream = stream
+
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+
+    def _prepare(self, default_headers: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, value in default_headers.items():
+            # Ignore Transfer-Encoding if the Content-Length has been set explicitly.
+            if key.lower() == "transfer-encoding" and "content-length" in self.headers:
+                continue
+            self.headers.setdefault(key, value)
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> datetime.timedelta:
+        """
+        Returns the time taken for the complete request/response
+        cycle to complete.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_elapsed"):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "'.elapsed' may only be accessed after the response "
+                "has been read or closed."
+            )
+        return self._elapsed
+
+    @elapsed.setter
+    def elapsed(self, elapsed: datetime.timedelta) -> None:
+        self._elapsed = elapsed
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> Request:
+        """
+        Returns the request instance associated to the current response.
+        """
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The request instance has not been set on this response."
+            )
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, value: Request) -> None:
+        self._request = value
+
+    @property
+    def http_version(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            http_version: bytes = self.extensions["http_version"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return "HTTP/1.1"
+        else:
+            return http_version.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+
+    @property
+    def reason_phrase(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            reason_phrase: bytes = self.extensions["reason_phrase"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return codes.get_reason_phrase(self.status_code)
+        else:
+            return reason_phrase.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> URL:
+        """
+        Returns the URL for which the request was made.
+        """
+        return self.request.url
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            raise ResponseNotRead()
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def text(self) -> str:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            content = self.content
+            if not content:
+                self._text = ""
+            else:
+                decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding or "utf-8")
+                self._text = "".join([decoder.decode(self.content), decoder.flush()])
+        return self._text
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return an encoding to use for decoding the byte content into text.
+        The priority for determining this is given by...
+
+        * `.encoding = <>` has been set explicitly.
+        * The encoding as specified by the charset parameter in the Content-Type header.
+        * The encoding as determined by `default_encoding`, which may either be
+          a string like "utf-8" indicating the encoding to use, or may be a callable
+          which enables charset autodetection.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_encoding"):
+            encoding = self.charset_encoding
+            if encoding is None or not _is_known_encoding(encoding):
+                if isinstance(self.default_encoding, str):
+                    encoding = self.default_encoding
+                elif hasattr(self, "_content"):
+                    encoding = self.default_encoding(self._content)
+            self._encoding = encoding or "utf-8"
+        return self._encoding
+
+    @encoding.setter
+    def encoding(self, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the encoding to use for decoding the byte content into text.
+
+        If the `text` attribute has been accessed, attempting to set the
+        encoding will throw a ValueError.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Setting encoding after `text` has been accessed is not allowed."
+            )
+        self._encoding = value
+
+    @property
+    def charset_encoding(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return the encoding, as specified by the Content-Type header.
+        """
+        content_type = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
+        if content_type is None:
+            return None
+
+        return _parse_content_type_charset(content_type)
+
+    def _get_content_decoder(self) -> ContentDecoder:
+        """
+        Returns a decoder instance which can be used to decode the raw byte
+        content, depending on the Content-Encoding used in the response.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_decoder"):
+            decoders: list[ContentDecoder] = []
+            values = self.headers.get_list("content-encoding", split_commas=True)
+            for value in values:
+                value = value.strip().lower()
+                try:
+                    decoder_cls = SUPPORTED_DECODERS[value]
+                    decoders.append(decoder_cls())
+                except KeyError:
+                    continue
+
+            if len(decoders) == 1:
+                self._decoder = decoders[0]
+            elif len(decoders) > 1:
+                self._decoder = MultiDecoder(children=decoders)
+            else:
+                self._decoder = IdentityDecoder()
+
+        return self._decoder
+
+    @property
+    def is_informational(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 1xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_informational(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_success(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 2xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_success(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_redirect(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 3xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+
+        Note that not all responses with a 3xx status code indicate a URL redirect.
+
+        Use `response.has_redirect_location` to determine responses with a properly
+        formed URL redirection.
+        """
+        return codes.is_redirect(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_client_error(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 4xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_client_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_server_error(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_server_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_error(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 4xx and 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def has_redirect_location(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns True for 3xx responses with a properly formed URL redirection,
+        `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return (
+            self.status_code
+            in (
+                # 301 (Cacheable redirect. Method may change to GET.)
+                codes.MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+                # 302 (Uncacheable redirect. Method may change to GET.)
+                codes.FOUND,
+                # 303 (Client should make a GET or HEAD request.)
+                codes.SEE_OTHER,
+                # 307 (Equiv. 302, but retain method)
+                codes.TEMPORARY_REDIRECT,
+                # 308 (Equiv. 301, but retain method)
+                codes.PERMANENT_REDIRECT,
+            )
+            and "Location" in self.headers
+        )
+
+    def raise_for_status(self) -> Response:
+        """
+        Raise the `HTTPStatusError` if one occurred.
+        """
+        request = self._request
+        if request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot call `raise_for_status` as the request "
+                "instance has not been set on this response."
+            )
+
+        if self.is_success:
+            return self
+
+        if self.has_redirect_location:
+            message = (
+                "{error_type} '{0.status_code} {0.reason_phrase}' for url '{0.url}'\n"
+                "Redirect location: '{0.headers[location]}'\n"
+                "For more information check: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/{0.status_code}"
+            )
+        else:
+            message = (
+                "{error_type} '{0.status_code} {0.reason_phrase}' for url '{0.url}'\n"
+                "For more information check: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/{0.status_code}"
+            )
+
+        status_class = self.status_code // 100
+        error_types = {
+            1: "Informational response",
+            3: "Redirect response",
+            4: "Client error",
+            5: "Server error",
+        }
+        error_type = error_types.get(status_class, "Invalid status code")
+        message = message.format(self, error_type=error_type)
+        raise HTTPStatusError(message, request=request, response=self)
+
+    def json(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+        return jsonlib.loads(self.content, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> Cookies:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"):
+            self._cookies = Cookies()
+            self._cookies.extract_cookies(self)
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def links(self) -> dict[str | None, dict[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any
+        """
+        header = self.headers.get("link")
+        if header is None:
+            return {}
+
+        return {
+            (link.get("rel") or link.get("url")): link
+            for link in _parse_header_links(header)
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def num_bytes_downloaded(self) -> int:
+        return self._num_bytes_downloaded
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Response [{self.status_code} {self.reason_phrase}]>"
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+        return {
+            name: value
+            for name, value in self.__dict__.items()
+            if name not in ["extensions", "stream", "is_closed", "_decoder"]
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+        self.is_closed = True
+        self.extensions = {}
+        self.stream = UnattachedStream()
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the response content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join(self.iter_bytes())
+        return self._content
+
+    def iter_bytes(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the decoded response content.
+        This allows us to handle gzip, deflate, brotli, and zstd encoded responses.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            chunk_size = len(self._content) if chunk_size is None else chunk_size
+            for i in range(0, len(self._content), max(chunk_size, 1)):
+                yield self._content[i : i + chunk_size]
+        else:
+            decoder = self._get_content_decoder()
+            chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                for raw_bytes in self.iter_raw():
+                    decoded = decoder.decode(raw_bytes)
+                    for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                        yield chunk
+                decoded = decoder.flush()
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                    yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+                for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                    yield chunk
+
+    def iter_text(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        """
+        A str-iterator over the decoded response content
+        that handles both gzip, deflate, etc but also detects the content's
+        string encoding.
+        """
+        decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding or "utf-8")
+        chunker = TextChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for byte_content in self.iter_bytes():
+                text_content = decoder.decode(byte_content)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                    yield chunk
+            text_content = decoder.flush()
+            for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+            for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                yield chunk
+
+    def iter_lines(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        decoder = LineDecoder()
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for text in self.iter_text():
+                for line in decoder.decode(text):
+                    yield line
+            for line in decoder.flush():
+                yield line
+
+    def iter_raw(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the raw response content.
+        """
+        if self.is_stream_consumed:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise StreamClosed()
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call a sync iterator on an async stream.")
+
+        self.is_stream_consumed = True
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+        chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for raw_stream_bytes in self.stream:
+                self._num_bytes_downloaded += len(raw_stream_bytes)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(raw_stream_bytes):
+                    yield chunk
+
+        for chunk in chunker.flush():
+            yield chunk
+
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the response and release the connection.
+        Automatically called if the response body is read to completion.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an sync close on an async stream.")
+
+        if not self.is_closed:
+            self.is_closed = True
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                self.stream.close()
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the response content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.aiter_bytes()])
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aiter_bytes(
+        self, chunk_size: int | None = None
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the decoded response content.
+        This allows us to handle gzip, deflate, brotli, and zstd encoded responses.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            chunk_size = len(self._content) if chunk_size is None else chunk_size
+            for i in range(0, len(self._content), max(chunk_size, 1)):
+                yield self._content[i : i + chunk_size]
+        else:
+            decoder = self._get_content_decoder()
+            chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                async for raw_bytes in self.aiter_raw():
+                    decoded = decoder.decode(raw_bytes)
+                    for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                        yield chunk
+                decoded = decoder.flush()
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                    yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+                for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                    yield chunk
+
+    async def aiter_text(
+        self, chunk_size: int | None = None
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[str]:
+        """
+        A str-iterator over the decoded response content
+        that handles both gzip, deflate, etc but also detects the content's
+        string encoding.
+        """
+        decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding or "utf-8")
+        chunker = TextChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for byte_content in self.aiter_bytes():
+                text_content = decoder.decode(byte_content)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                    yield chunk
+            text_content = decoder.flush()
+            for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+            for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                yield chunk
+
+    async def aiter_lines(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[str]:
+        decoder = LineDecoder()
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for text in self.aiter_text():
+                for line in decoder.decode(text):
+                    yield line
+            for line in decoder.flush():
+                yield line
+
+    async def aiter_raw(
+        self, chunk_size: int | None = None
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the raw response content.
+        """
+        if self.is_stream_consumed:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise StreamClosed()
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an async iterator on an sync stream.")
+
+        self.is_stream_consumed = True
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+        chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for raw_stream_bytes in self.stream:
+                self._num_bytes_downloaded += len(raw_stream_bytes)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(raw_stream_bytes):
+                    yield chunk
+
+        for chunk in chunker.flush():
+            yield chunk
+
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the response and release the connection.
+        Automatically called if the response body is read to completion.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an async close on an sync stream.")
+
+        if not self.is_closed:
+            self.is_closed = True
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+
+
+class Cookies(typing.MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    HTTP Cookies, as a mutable mapping.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cookies: CookieTypes | None = None) -> None:
+        if cookies is None or isinstance(cookies, dict):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            if isinstance(cookies, dict):
+                for key, value in cookies.items():
+                    self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(cookies, list):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            for key, value in cookies:
+                self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(cookies, Cookies):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            for cookie in cookies.jar:
+                self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+        else:
+            self.jar = cookies
+
+    def extract_cookies(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Loads any cookies based on the response `Set-Cookie` headers.
+        """
+        urllib_response = self._CookieCompatResponse(response)
+        urllib_request = self._CookieCompatRequest(response.request)
+
+        self.jar.extract_cookies(urllib_response, urllib_request)  # type: ignore
+
+    def set_cookie_header(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        Sets an appropriate 'Cookie:' HTTP header on the `Request`.
+        """
+        urllib_request = self._CookieCompatRequest(request)
+        self.jar.add_cookie_header(urllib_request)
+
+    def set(self, name: str, value: str, domain: str = "", path: str = "/") -> None:
+        """
+        Set a cookie value by name. May optionally include domain and path.
+        """
+        kwargs = {
+            "version": 0,
+            "name": name,
+            "value": value,
+            "port": None,
+            "port_specified": False,
+            "domain": domain,
+            "domain_specified": bool(domain),
+            "domain_initial_dot": domain.startswith("."),
+            "path": path,
+            "path_specified": bool(path),
+            "secure": False,
+            "expires": None,
+            "discard": True,
+            "comment": None,
+            "comment_url": None,
+            "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+            "rfc2109": False,
+        }
+        cookie = Cookie(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
+        self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def get(  # type: ignore
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: str | None = None,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Get a cookie by name. May optionally include domain and path
+        in order to specify exactly which cookie to retrieve.
+        """
+        value = None
+        for cookie in self.jar:
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        if value is not None:
+                            message = f"Multiple cookies exist with name={name}"
+                            raise CookieConflict(message)
+                        value = cookie.value
+
+        if value is None:
+            return default
+        return value
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a cookie by name. May optionally include domain and path
+        in order to specify exactly which cookie to delete.
+        """
+        if domain is not None and path is not None:
+            return self.jar.clear(domain, path, name)
+
+        remove = [
+            cookie
+            for cookie in self.jar
+            if cookie.name == name
+            and (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain)
+            and (path is None or cookie.path == path)
+        ]
+
+        for cookie in remove:
+            self.jar.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
+
+    def clear(self, domain: str | None = None, path: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete all cookies. Optionally include a domain and path in
+        order to only delete a subset of all the cookies.
+        """
+        args = []
+        if domain is not None:
+            args.append(domain)
+        if path is not None:
+            assert domain is not None
+            args.append(path)
+        self.jar.clear(*args)
+
+    def update(self, cookies: CookieTypes | None = None) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+        for cookie in cookies.jar:
+            self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
+        return self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str:
+        value = self.get(name)
+        if value is None:
+            raise KeyError(name)
+        return value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        return self.delete(name)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.jar)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        return (cookie.name for cookie in self.jar)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        for _ in self.jar:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        cookies_repr = ", ".join(
+            [
+                f"<Cookie {cookie.name}={cookie.value} for {cookie.domain} />"
+                for cookie in self.jar
+            ]
+        )
+
+        return f"<Cookies[{cookies_repr}]>"
+
+    class _CookieCompatRequest(urllib.request.Request):
+        """
+        Wraps a `Request` instance up in a compatibility interface suitable
+        for use with `CookieJar` operations.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+            super().__init__(
+                url=str(request.url),
+                headers=dict(request.headers),
+                method=request.method,
+            )
+            self.request = request
+
+        def add_unredirected_header(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+            super().add_unredirected_header(key, value)
+            self.request.headers[key] = value
+
+    class _CookieCompatResponse:
+        """
+        Wraps a `Request` instance up in a compatibility interface suitable
+        for use with `CookieJar` operations.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, response: Response) -> None:
+            self.response = response
+
+        def info(self) -> email.message.Message:
+            info = email.message.Message()
+            for key, value in self.response.headers.multi_items():
+                # Note that setting `info[key]` here is an "append" operation,
+                # not a "replace" operation.
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message.__setitem__
+                info[key] = value
+            return info
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4761af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    FileContent,
+    FileTypes,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._utils import (
+    peek_filelike_length,
+    primitive_value_to_str,
+    to_bytes,
+)
+
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS = {'"': "%22", "\\": "\\\\"}
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {chr(c): "%{:02X}".format(c) for c in range(0x1F + 1) if c != 0x1B}
+)
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE = re.compile(
+    r"|".join([re.escape(c) for c in _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.keys()])
+)
+
+
+def _format_form_param(name: str, value: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Encode a name/value pair within a multipart form.
+    """
+
+    def replacer(match: typing.Match[str]) -> str:
+        return _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS[match.group(0)]
+
+    value = _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE.sub(replacer, value)
+    return f'{name}="{value}"'.encode()
+
+
+def _guess_content_type(filename: str | None) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Guesses the mimetype based on a filename. Defaults to `application/octet-stream`.
+
+    Returns `None` if `filename` is `None` or empty.
+    """
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+    return None
+
+
+def get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type(
+    content_type: bytes | None,
+) -> bytes | None:
+    if not content_type or not content_type.startswith(b"multipart/form-data"):
+        return None
+    # parse boundary according to
+    # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046#section-5.1.1
+    if b";" in content_type:
+        for section in content_type.split(b";"):
+            if section.strip().lower().startswith(b"boundary="):
+                return section.strip()[len(b"boundary=") :].strip(b'"')
+    return None
+
+
+class DataField:
+    """
+    A single form field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | bytes | int | float | None) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid type for name. Expected str, got {type(name)}: {name!r}"
+            )
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes, int, float)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Invalid type for value. Expected primitive type,"
+                f" got {type(value)}: {value!r}"
+            )
+        self.name = name
+        self.value: str | bytes = (
+            value if isinstance(value, bytes) else primitive_value_to_str(value)
+        )
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            name = _format_form_param("name", self.name)
+            self._headers = b"".join(
+                [b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ", name, b"\r\n\r\n"]
+            )
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            self._data = to_bytes(self.value)
+
+        return self._data
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+        data = self.render_data()
+        return len(headers) + len(data)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield self.render_data()
+
+
+class FileField:
+    """
+    A single file field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: FileTypes) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+        fileobj: FileContent
+
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        content_type: str | None = None
+
+        # This large tuple based API largely mirror's requests' API
+        # It would be good to think of better APIs for this that we could
+        # include in httpx 2.0 since variable length tuples(especially of 4 elements)
+        # are quite unwieldly
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            if len(value) == 2:
+                # neither the 3rd parameter (content_type) nor the 4th (headers)
+                # was included
+                filename, fileobj = value
+            elif len(value) == 3:
+                filename, fileobj, content_type = value
+            else:
+                # all 4 parameters included
+                filename, fileobj, content_type, headers = value  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            filename = Path(str(getattr(value, "name", "upload"))).name
+            fileobj = value
+
+        if content_type is None:
+            content_type = _guess_content_type(filename)
+
+        has_content_type_header = any("content-type" in key.lower() for key in headers)
+        if content_type is not None and not has_content_type_header:
+            # note that unlike requests, we ignore the content_type provided in the 3rd
+            # tuple element if it is also included in the headers requests does
+            # the opposite (it overwrites the headerwith the 3rd tuple element)
+            headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+        if isinstance(fileobj, io.StringIO):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Multipart file uploads require 'io.BytesIO', not 'io.StringIO'."
+            )
+        if isinstance(fileobj, io.TextIOBase):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Multipart file uploads must be opened in binary mode, not text mode."
+            )
+
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.file = fileobj
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int | None:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            return len(headers) + len(to_bytes(self.file))
+
+        file_length = peek_filelike_length(self.file)
+
+        # If we can't determine the filesize without reading it into memory,
+        # then return `None` here, to indicate an unknown file length.
+        if file_length is None:
+            return None
+
+        return len(headers) + file_length
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            parts = [
+                b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ",
+                _format_form_param("name", self.name),
+            ]
+            if self.filename:
+                filename = _format_form_param("filename", self.filename)
+                parts.extend([b"; ", filename])
+            for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
+                key, val = f"\r\n{header_name}: ".encode(), header_value.encode()
+                parts.extend([key, val])
+            parts.append(b"\r\n\r\n")
+            self._headers = b"".join(parts)
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            yield to_bytes(self.file)
+            return
+
+        if hasattr(self.file, "seek"):
+            try:
+                self.file.seek(0)
+            except io.UnsupportedOperation:
+                pass
+
+        chunk = self.file.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        while chunk:
+            yield to_bytes(chunk)
+            chunk = self.file.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield from self.render_data()
+
+
+class MultipartStream(SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    Request content as streaming multipart encoded form data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        data: RequestData,
+        files: RequestFiles,
+        boundary: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if boundary is None:
+            boundary = os.urandom(16).hex().encode("ascii")
+
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.content_type = "multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary.decode(
+            "ascii"
+        )
+        self.fields = list(self._iter_fields(data, files))
+
+    def _iter_fields(
+        self, data: RequestData, files: RequestFiles
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[FileField | DataField]:
+        for name, value in data.items():
+            if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+                for item in value:
+                    yield DataField(name=name, value=item)
+            else:
+                yield DataField(name=name, value=value)
+
+        file_items = files.items() if isinstance(files, typing.Mapping) else files
+        for name, value in file_items:
+            yield FileField(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def iter_chunks(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for field in self.fields:
+            yield b"--%s\r\n" % self.boundary
+            yield from field.render()
+            yield b"\r\n"
+        yield b"--%s--\r\n" % self.boundary
+
+    def get_content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        Return the length of the multipart encoded content, or `None` if
+        any of the files have a length that cannot be determined upfront.
+        """
+        boundary_length = len(self.boundary)
+        length = 0
+
+        for field in self.fields:
+            field_length = field.get_length()
+            if field_length is None:
+                return None
+
+            length += 2 + boundary_length + 2  # b"--{boundary}\r\n"
+            length += field_length
+            length += 2  # b"\r\n"
+
+        length += 2 + boundary_length + 4  # b"--{boundary}--\r\n"
+        return length
+
+    # Content stream interface.
+
+    def get_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        content_length = self.get_content_length()
+        content_type = self.content_type
+        if content_length is None:
+            return {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked", "Content-Type": content_type}
+        return {"Content-Length": str(content_length), "Content-Type": content_type}
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..133a623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import IntEnum
+
+__all__ = ["codes"]
+
+
+class codes(IntEnum):
+    """HTTP status codes and reason phrases
+
+    Status codes from the following RFCs are all observed:
+
+        * RFC 7231: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1), obsoletes 2616
+        * RFC 6585: Additional HTTP Status Codes
+        * RFC 3229: Delta encoding in HTTP
+        * RFC 4918: HTTP Extensions for WebDAV, obsoletes 2518
+        * RFC 5842: Binding Extensions to WebDAV
+        * RFC 7238: Permanent Redirect
+        * RFC 2295: Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP
+        * RFC 2774: An HTTP Extension Framework
+        * RFC 7540: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)
+        * RFC 2324: Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0)
+        * RFC 7725: An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles
+        * RFC 8297: An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints
+        * RFC 8470: Using Early Data in HTTP
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, value: int, phrase: str = "") -> codes:
+        obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+        obj._value_ = value
+
+        obj.phrase = phrase  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return obj
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_reason_phrase(cls, value: int) -> str:
+        try:
+            return codes(value).phrase  # type: ignore
+        except ValueError:
+            return ""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_informational(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 1xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 100 <= value <= 199
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_success(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 2xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 200 <= value <= 299
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_redirect(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 3xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 300 <= value <= 399
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_client_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 4xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 400 <= value <= 499
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_server_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 500 <= value <= 599
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 4xx or 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 400 <= value <= 599
+
+    # informational
+    CONTINUE = 100, "Continue"
+    SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101, "Switching Protocols"
+    PROCESSING = 102, "Processing"
+    EARLY_HINTS = 103, "Early Hints"
+
+    # success
+    OK = 200, "OK"
+    CREATED = 201, "Created"
+    ACCEPTED = 202, "Accepted"
+    NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203, "Non-Authoritative Information"
+    NO_CONTENT = 204, "No Content"
+    RESET_CONTENT = 205, "Reset Content"
+    PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206, "Partial Content"
+    MULTI_STATUS = 207, "Multi-Status"
+    ALREADY_REPORTED = 208, "Already Reported"
+    IM_USED = 226, "IM Used"
+
+    # redirection
+    MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300, "Multiple Choices"
+    MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301, "Moved Permanently"
+    FOUND = 302, "Found"
+    SEE_OTHER = 303, "See Other"
+    NOT_MODIFIED = 304, "Not Modified"
+    USE_PROXY = 305, "Use Proxy"
+    TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307, "Temporary Redirect"
+    PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308, "Permanent Redirect"
+
+    # client error
+    BAD_REQUEST = 400, "Bad Request"
+    UNAUTHORIZED = 401, "Unauthorized"
+    PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402, "Payment Required"
+    FORBIDDEN = 403, "Forbidden"
+    NOT_FOUND = 404, "Not Found"
+    METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405, "Method Not Allowed"
+    NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406, "Not Acceptable"
+    PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407, "Proxy Authentication Required"
+    REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408, "Request Timeout"
+    CONFLICT = 409, "Conflict"
+    GONE = 410, "Gone"
+    LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411, "Length Required"
+    PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412, "Precondition Failed"
+    REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413, "Request Entity Too Large"
+    REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414, "Request-URI Too Long"
+    UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415, "Unsupported Media Type"
+    REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable"
+    EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417, "Expectation Failed"
+    IM_A_TEAPOT = 418, "I'm a teapot"
+    MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421, "Misdirected Request"
+    UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422, "Unprocessable Entity"
+    LOCKED = 423, "Locked"
+    FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424, "Failed Dependency"
+    TOO_EARLY = 425, "Too Early"
+    UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426, "Upgrade Required"
+    PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428, "Precondition Required"
+    TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429, "Too Many Requests"
+    REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431, "Request Header Fields Too Large"
+    UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451, "Unavailable For Legal Reasons"
+
+    # server errors
+    INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500, "Internal Server Error"
+    NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501, "Not Implemented"
+    BAD_GATEWAY = 502, "Bad Gateway"
+    SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503, "Service Unavailable"
+    GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504, "Gateway Timeout"
+    HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505, "HTTP Version Not Supported"
+    VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506, "Variant Also Negotiates"
+    INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507, "Insufficient Storage"
+    LOOP_DETECTED = 508, "Loop Detected"
+    NOT_EXTENDED = 510, "Not Extended"
+    NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511, "Network Authentication Required"
+
+
+# Include lower-case styles for `requests` compatibility.
+for code in codes:
+    setattr(codes, code._name_.lower(), int(code))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a32105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .asgi import *
+from .base import *
+from .default import *
+from .mock import *
+from .wsgi import *
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bc4efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    import asyncio
+
+    import trio
+
+    Event = typing.Union[asyncio.Event, trio.Event]
+
+
+_Message = typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]
+_Receive = typing.Callable[[], typing.Awaitable[_Message]]
+_Send = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+_ASGIApp = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any], _Receive, _Send], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+
+__all__ = ["ASGITransport"]
+
+
+def is_running_trio() -> bool:
+    try:
+        # sniffio is a dependency of trio.
+
+        # See https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/2802
+        import sniffio
+
+        if sniffio.current_async_library() == "trio":
+            return True
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+        pass
+
+    return False
+
+
+def create_event() -> Event:
+    if is_running_trio():
+        import trio
+
+        return trio.Event()
+
+    import asyncio
+
+    return asyncio.Event()
+
+
+class ASGIResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, body: list[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._body = body
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield b"".join(self._body)
+
+
+class ASGITransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom AsyncTransport that handles sending requests directly to an ASGI app.
+
+    ```python
+    transport = httpx.ASGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        root_path="/submount",
+        client=("1.2.3.4", 123)
+    )
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The ASGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `root_path` - The root path on which the ASGI application should be mounted.
+    * `client` - A two-tuple indicating the client IP and port of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: _ASGIApp,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        client: tuple[str, int] = ("127.0.0.1", 123),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.client = client
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+
+        # ASGI scope.
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": "3.0"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": request.method,
+            "headers": [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in request.headers.raw],
+            "scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "path": request.url.path,
+            "raw_path": request.url.raw_path.split(b"?")[0],
+            "query_string": request.url.query,
+            "server": (request.url.host, request.url.port),
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+        }
+
+        # Request.
+        request_body_chunks = request.stream.__aiter__()
+        request_complete = False
+
+        # Response.
+        status_code = None
+        response_headers = None
+        body_parts = []
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete = create_event()
+
+        # ASGI callables.
+
+        async def receive() -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            try:
+                body = await request_body_chunks.__anext__()
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                request_complete = True
+                return {"type": "http.request", "body": b"", "more_body": False}
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body, "more_body": True}
+
+        async def send(message: typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+            nonlocal status_code, response_headers, response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started
+
+                status_code = message["status"]
+                response_headers = message.get("headers", [])
+                response_started = True
+
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert not response_complete.is_set()
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+                if body and request.method != "HEAD":
+                    body_parts.append(body)
+
+                if not more_body:
+                    response_complete.set()
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: PIE-786
+            if self.raise_app_exceptions:
+                raise
+
+            response_complete.set()
+            if status_code is None:
+                status_code = 500
+            if response_headers is None:
+                response_headers = {}
+
+        assert response_complete.is_set()
+        assert status_code is not None
+        assert response_headers is not None
+
+        stream = ASGIResponseStream(body_parts)
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=response_headers, stream=stream)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66fd99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="BaseTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncBaseTransport")
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncBaseTransport", "BaseTransport"]
+
+
+class BaseTransport:
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP request and return a response.
+
+        Developers shouldn't typically ever need to call into this API directly,
+        since the Client class provides all the higher level user-facing API
+        niceties.
+
+        In order to properly release any network resources, the response
+        stream should *either* be consumed immediately, with a call to
+        `response.stream.read()`, or else the `handle_request` call should
+        be followed with a try/finally block to ensuring the stream is
+        always closed.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+            with httpx.HTTPTransport() as transport:
+                req = httpx.Request(
+                    method=b"GET",
+                    url=(b"https", b"www.example.com", 443, b"/"),
+                    headers=[(b"Host", b"www.example.com")],
+                )
+                resp = transport.handle_request(req)
+                body = resp.stream.read()
+                print(resp.status_code, resp.headers, body)
+
+
+        Takes a `Request` instance as the only argument.
+
+        Returns a `Response` instance.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncBaseTransport:
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_async_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5aa05f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+"""
+Custom transports, with nicely configured defaults.
+
+The following additional keyword arguments are currently supported by httpcore...
+
+* uds: str
+* local_address: str
+* retries: int
+
+Example usages...
+
+# Disable HTTP/2 on a single specific domain.
+mounts = {
+    "all://": httpx.HTTPTransport(http2=True),
+    "all://*example.org": httpx.HTTPTransport()
+}
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with connection retries.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(retries=1)
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with unix domain sockets.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(uds="socket.uds")
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+    import httpx  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .._config import DEFAULT_LIMITS, Limits, Proxy, create_ssl_context
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream, CertTypes, ProxyTypes, SyncByteStream
+from .._urls import URL
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="HTTPTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncHTTPTransport")
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncHTTPTransport", "HTTPTransport"]
+
+HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP: dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]] = {}
+
+
+def _load_httpcore_exceptions() -> dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]]:
+    import httpcore
+
+    return {
+        httpcore.TimeoutException: TimeoutException,
+        httpcore.ConnectTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+        httpcore.ReadTimeout: ReadTimeout,
+        httpcore.WriteTimeout: WriteTimeout,
+        httpcore.PoolTimeout: PoolTimeout,
+        httpcore.NetworkError: NetworkError,
+        httpcore.ConnectError: ConnectError,
+        httpcore.ReadError: ReadError,
+        httpcore.WriteError: WriteError,
+        httpcore.ProxyError: ProxyError,
+        httpcore.UnsupportedProtocol: UnsupportedProtocol,
+        httpcore.ProtocolError: ProtocolError,
+        httpcore.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError,
+        httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError,
+    }
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_httpcore_exceptions() -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    global HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP
+    if len(HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP) == 0:
+        HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP = _load_httpcore_exceptions()
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:
+        mapped_exc = None
+
+        for from_exc, to_exc in HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP.items():
+            if not isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                continue
+            # We want to map to the most specific exception we can find.
+            # Eg if `exc` is an `httpcore.ReadTimeout`, we want to map to
+            # `httpx.ReadTimeout`, not just `httpx.TimeoutException`.
+            if mapped_exc is None or issubclass(to_exc, mapped_exc):
+                mapped_exc = to_exc
+
+        if mapped_exc is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise
+
+        message = str(exc)
+        raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
+
+
+class ResponseStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "close"):
+            self._httpcore_stream.close()
+
+
+class HTTPTransport(BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.ConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.HTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.SOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                f" but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        self._pool.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            self._pool.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = self._pool.handle_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.Iterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=ResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._pool.close()
+
+
+class AsyncResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            async for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "aclose"):
+            await self._httpcore_stream.aclose()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPTransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncHTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncSOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                " but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        await self._pool.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            await self._pool.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = await self._pool.handle_async_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=AsyncResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._pool.aclose()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c418f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+SyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], Response]
+AsyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], typing.Coroutine[None, None, Response]]
+
+
+__all__ = ["MockTransport"]
+
+
+class MockTransport(AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(self, handler: SyncHandler | AsyncHandler) -> None:
+        self.handler = handler
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError("Cannot use an async handler in a sync Client")
+        return response
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        await request.aread()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+
+        # Allow handler to *optionally* be an `async` function.
+        # If it is, then the `response` variable need to be awaited to actually
+        # return the result.
+
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):
+            response = await response
+
+        return response
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8592ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import itertools
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import SyncByteStream
+from .base import BaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OptExcInfo  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication  # pragma: no cover
+
+_T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+__all__ = ["WSGITransport"]
+
+
+def _skip_leading_empty_chunks(body: typing.Iterable[_T]) -> typing.Iterable[_T]:
+    body = iter(body)
+    for chunk in body:
+        if chunk:
+            return itertools.chain([chunk], body)
+    return []
+
+
+class WSGIByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, result: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._close = getattr(result, "close", None)
+        self._result = _skip_leading_empty_chunks(result)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for part in self._result:
+            yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._close is not None:
+            self._close()
+
+
+class WSGITransport(BaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom transport that handles sending requests directly to an WSGI app.
+    The simplest way to use this functionality is to use the `app` argument.
+
+    ```
+    client = httpx.Client(app=app)
+    ```
+
+    Alternatively, you can setup the transport instance explicitly.
+    This allows you to include any additional configuration arguments specific
+    to the WSGITransport class:
+
+    ```
+    transport = httpx.WSGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        script_name="/submount",
+        remote_addr="1.2.3.4"
+    )
+    client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The WSGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `script_name` - The root path on which the WSGI application should be mounted.
+    * `remote_addr` - A string indicating the client IP of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        script_name: str = "",
+        remote_addr: str = "127.0.0.1",
+        wsgi_errors: typing.TextIO | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.script_name = script_name
+        self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+        self.wsgi_errors = wsgi_errors
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        wsgi_input = io.BytesIO(request.content)
+
+        port = request.url.port or {"http": 80, "https": 443}[request.url.scheme]
+        environ = {
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "wsgi.input": wsgi_input,
+            "wsgi.errors": self.wsgi_errors or sys.stderr,
+            "wsgi.multithread": True,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": False,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": request.method,
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": self.script_name,
+            "PATH_INFO": request.url.path,
+            "QUERY_STRING": request.url.query.decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_NAME": request.url.host,
+            "SERVER_PORT": str(port),
+            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/1.1",
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.remote_addr,
+        }
+        for header_key, header_value in request.headers.raw:
+            key = header_key.decode("ascii").upper().replace("-", "_")
+            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
+                key = "HTTP_" + key
+            environ[key] = header_value.decode("ascii")
+
+        seen_status = None
+        seen_response_headers = None
+        seen_exc_info = None
+
+        def start_response(
+            status: str,
+            response_headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+            exc_info: OptExcInfo | None = None,
+        ) -> typing.Callable[[bytes], typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal seen_status, seen_response_headers, seen_exc_info
+            seen_status = status
+            seen_response_headers = response_headers
+            seen_exc_info = exc_info
+            return lambda _: None
+
+        result = self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+        stream = WSGIByteStream(result)
+
+        assert seen_status is not None
+        assert seen_response_headers is not None
+        if seen_exc_info and seen_exc_info[0] and self.raise_app_exceptions:
+            raise seen_exc_info[1]
+
+        status_code = int(seen_status.split()[0])
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
+            for key, value in seen_response_headers
+        ]
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=headers, stream=stream)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..704dfdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""
+Type definitions for type checking purposes.
+"""
+
+from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._auth import Auth  # noqa: F401
+    from ._config import Proxy, Timeout  # noqa: F401
+    from ._models import Cookies, Headers, Request  # noqa: F401
+    from ._urls import URL, QueryParams  # noqa: F401
+
+
+PrimitiveData = Optional[Union[str, int, float, bool]]
+
+URLTypes = Union["URL", str]
+
+QueryParamTypes = Union[
+    "QueryParams",
+    Mapping[str, Union[PrimitiveData, Sequence[PrimitiveData]]],
+    List[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData]],
+    Tuple[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData], ...],
+    str,
+    bytes,
+]
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    "Headers",
+    Mapping[str, str],
+    Mapping[bytes, bytes],
+    Sequence[Tuple[str, str]],
+    Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+]
+
+CookieTypes = Union["Cookies", CookieJar, Dict[str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]
+
+TimeoutTypes = Union[
+    Optional[float],
+    Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float]],
+    "Timeout",
+]
+ProxyTypes = Union["URL", str, "Proxy"]
+CertTypes = Union[str, Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, str, str]]
+
+AuthTypes = Union[
+    Tuple[Union[str, bytes], Union[str, bytes]],
+    Callable[["Request"], "Request"],
+    "Auth",
+]
+
+RequestContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseExtensions = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+RequestData = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+FileContent = Union[IO[bytes], bytes, str]
+FileTypes = Union[
+    # file (or bytes)
+    FileContent,
+    # (filename, file (or bytes))
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent],
+    # (filename, file (or bytes), content_type)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str]],
+    # (filename, file (or bytes), content_type, headers)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str], Mapping[str, str]],
+]
+RequestFiles = Union[Mapping[str, FileTypes], Sequence[Tuple[str, FileTypes]]]
+
+RequestExtensions = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncByteStream", "SyncByteStream"]
+
+
+class SyncByteStream:
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__iter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Subclasses can override this method to release any network resources
+        after a request/response cycle is complete.
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncByteStream:
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__aiter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf190fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+"""
+An implementation of `urlparse` that provides URL validation and normalization
+as described by RFC3986.
+
+We rely on this implementation rather than the one in Python's stdlib, because:
+
+* It provides more complete URL validation.
+* It properly differentiates between an empty querystring and an absent querystring,
+  to distinguish URLs with a trailing '?'.
+* It handles scheme, hostname, port, and path normalization.
+* It supports IDNA hostnames, normalizing them to their encoded form.
+* The API supports passing individual components, as well as the complete URL string.
+
+Previously we relied on the excellent `rfc3986` package to handle URL parsing and
+validation, but this module provides a simpler alternative, with less indirection
+required.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+import re
+import typing
+
+import idna
+
+from ._exceptions import InvalidURL
+
+MAX_URL_LENGTH = 65536
+
+# https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html#section-2.3
+UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS = (
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~"
+)
+SUB_DELIMS = "!$&'()*+,;="
+
+PERCENT_ENCODED_REGEX = re.compile("%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}")
+
+# https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes
+
+# The fragment percent-encode set is the C0 control percent-encode set
+# and U+0020 SPACE, U+0022 ("), U+003C (<), U+003E (>), and U+0060 (`).
+FRAG_SAFE = "".join(
+    [chr(i) for i in range(0x20, 0x7F) if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x60)]
+)
+
+# The query percent-encode set is the C0 control percent-encode set
+# and U+0020 SPACE, U+0022 ("), U+0023 (#), U+003C (<), and U+003E (>).
+QUERY_SAFE = "".join(
+    [chr(i) for i in range(0x20, 0x7F) if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)]
+)
+
+# The path percent-encode set is the query percent-encode set
+# and U+003F (?), U+0060 (`), U+007B ({), and U+007D (}).
+PATH_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E) + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+    ]
+)
+
+# The userinfo percent-encode set is the path percent-encode set
+# and U+002F (/), U+003A (:), U+003B (;), U+003D (=), U+0040 (@),
+# U+005B ([) to U+005E (^), inclusive, and U+007C (|).
+USERNAME_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+PASSWORD_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+# Note... The terminology 'userinfo' percent-encode set in the WHATWG document
+# is used for the username and password quoting. For the joint userinfo component
+# we remove U+003A (:) from the safe set.
+USERINFO_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# {scheme}:      (optional)
+# //{authority}  (optional)
+# {path}
+# ?{query}       (optional)
+# #{fragment}    (optional)
+URL_REGEX = re.compile(
+    (
+        r"(?:(?P<scheme>{scheme}):)?"
+        r"(?://(?P<authority>{authority}))?"
+        r"(?P<path>{path})"
+        r"(?:\?(?P<query>{query}))?"
+        r"(?:#(?P<fragment>{fragment}))?"
+    ).format(
+        scheme="([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)?",
+        authority="[^/?#]*",
+        path="[^?#]*",
+        query="[^#]*",
+        fragment=".*",
+    )
+)
+
+# {userinfo}@    (optional)
+# {host}
+# :{port}        (optional)
+AUTHORITY_REGEX = re.compile(
+    (
+        r"(?:(?P<userinfo>{userinfo})@)?" r"(?P<host>{host})" r":?(?P<port>{port})?"
+    ).format(
+        userinfo=".*",  # Any character sequence.
+        host="(\\[.*\\]|[^:@]*)",  # Either any character sequence excluding ':' or '@',
+        # or an IPv6 address enclosed within square brackets.
+        port=".*",  # Any character sequence.
+    )
+)
+
+
+# If we call urlparse with an individual component, then we need to regex
+# validate that component individually.
+# Note that we're duplicating the same strings as above. Shock! Horror!!
+COMPONENT_REGEX = {
+    "scheme": re.compile("([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)?"),
+    "authority": re.compile("[^/?#]*"),
+    "path": re.compile("[^?#]*"),
+    "query": re.compile("[^#]*"),
+    "fragment": re.compile(".*"),
+    "userinfo": re.compile("[^@]*"),
+    "host": re.compile("(\\[.*\\]|[^:]*)"),
+    "port": re.compile(".*"),
+}
+
+
+# We use these simple regexs as a first pass before handing off to
+# the stdlib 'ipaddress' module for IP address validation.
+IPv4_STYLE_HOSTNAME = re.compile(r"^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$")
+IPv6_STYLE_HOSTNAME = re.compile(r"^\[.*\]$")
+
+
+class ParseResult(typing.NamedTuple):
+    scheme: str
+    userinfo: str
+    host: str
+    port: int | None
+    path: str
+    query: str | None
+    fragment: str | None
+
+    @property
+    def authority(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.userinfo}@" if self.userinfo else "",
+                f"[{self.host}]" if ":" in self.host else self.host,
+                f":{self.port}" if self.port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"[{self.host}]" if ":" in self.host else self.host,
+                f":{self.port}" if self.port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: str | None) -> ParseResult:
+        if not kwargs:
+            return self
+
+        defaults = {
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "authority": self.authority,
+            "path": self.path,
+            "query": self.query,
+            "fragment": self.fragment,
+        }
+        defaults.update(kwargs)
+        return urlparse("", **defaults)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        authority = self.authority
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme else "",
+                f"//{authority}" if authority else "",
+                self.path,
+                f"?{self.query}" if self.query is not None else "",
+                f"#{self.fragment}" if self.fragment is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+def urlparse(url: str = "", **kwargs: str | None) -> ParseResult:
+    # Initial basic checks on allowable URLs.
+    # ---------------------------------------
+
+    # Hard limit the maximum allowable URL length.
+    if len(url) > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+        raise InvalidURL("URL too long")
+
+    # If a URL includes any ASCII control characters including \t, \r, \n,
+    # then treat it as invalid.
+    if any(char.isascii() and not char.isprintable() for char in url):
+        char = next(char for char in url if char.isascii() and not char.isprintable())
+        idx = url.find(char)
+        error = (
+            f"Invalid non-printable ASCII character in URL, {char!r} at position {idx}."
+        )
+        raise InvalidURL(error)
+
+    # Some keyword arguments require special handling.
+    # ------------------------------------------------
+
+    # Coerce "port" to a string, if it is provided as an integer.
+    if "port" in kwargs:
+        port = kwargs["port"]
+        kwargs["port"] = str(port) if isinstance(port, int) else port
+
+    # Replace "netloc" with "host and "port".
+    if "netloc" in kwargs:
+        netloc = kwargs.pop("netloc") or ""
+        kwargs["host"], _, kwargs["port"] = netloc.partition(":")
+
+    # Replace "username" and/or "password" with "userinfo".
+    if "username" in kwargs or "password" in kwargs:
+        username = quote(kwargs.pop("username", "") or "", safe=USERNAME_SAFE)
+        password = quote(kwargs.pop("password", "") or "", safe=PASSWORD_SAFE)
+        kwargs["userinfo"] = f"{username}:{password}" if password else username
+
+    # Replace "raw_path" with "path" and "query".
+    if "raw_path" in kwargs:
+        raw_path = kwargs.pop("raw_path") or ""
+        kwargs["path"], seperator, kwargs["query"] = raw_path.partition("?")
+        if not seperator:
+            kwargs["query"] = None
+
+    # Ensure that IPv6 "host" addresses are always escaped with "[...]".
+    if "host" in kwargs:
+        host = kwargs.get("host") or ""
+        if ":" in host and not (host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]")):
+            kwargs["host"] = f"[{host}]"
+
+    # If any keyword arguments are provided, ensure they are valid.
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        if value is not None:
+            if len(value) > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+                raise InvalidURL(f"URL component '{key}' too long")
+
+            # If a component includes any ASCII control characters including \t, \r, \n,
+            # then treat it as invalid.
+            if any(char.isascii() and not char.isprintable() for char in value):
+                char = next(
+                    char for char in value if char.isascii() and not char.isprintable()
+                )
+                idx = value.find(char)
+                error = (
+                    f"Invalid non-printable ASCII character in URL {key} component, "
+                    f"{char!r} at position {idx}."
+                )
+                raise InvalidURL(error)
+
+            # Ensure that keyword arguments match as a valid regex.
+            if not COMPONENT_REGEX[key].fullmatch(value):
+                raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid URL component '{key}'")
+
+    # The URL_REGEX will always match, but may have empty components.
+    url_match = URL_REGEX.match(url)
+    assert url_match is not None
+    url_dict = url_match.groupdict()
+
+    # * 'scheme', 'authority', and 'path' may be empty strings.
+    # * 'query' may be 'None', indicating no trailing "?" portion.
+    #   Any string including the empty string, indicates a trailing "?".
+    # * 'fragment' may be 'None', indicating no trailing "#" portion.
+    #   Any string including the empty string, indicates a trailing "#".
+    scheme = kwargs.get("scheme", url_dict["scheme"]) or ""
+    authority = kwargs.get("authority", url_dict["authority"]) or ""
+    path = kwargs.get("path", url_dict["path"]) or ""
+    query = kwargs.get("query", url_dict["query"])
+    frag = kwargs.get("fragment", url_dict["fragment"])
+
+    # The AUTHORITY_REGEX will always match, but may have empty components.
+    authority_match = AUTHORITY_REGEX.match(authority)
+    assert authority_match is not None
+    authority_dict = authority_match.groupdict()
+
+    # * 'userinfo' and 'host' may be empty strings.
+    # * 'port' may be 'None'.
+    userinfo = kwargs.get("userinfo", authority_dict["userinfo"]) or ""
+    host = kwargs.get("host", authority_dict["host"]) or ""
+    port = kwargs.get("port", authority_dict["port"])
+
+    # Normalize and validate each component.
+    # We end up with a parsed representation of the URL,
+    # with components that are plain ASCII bytestrings.
+    parsed_scheme: str = scheme.lower()
+    parsed_userinfo: str = quote(userinfo, safe=USERINFO_SAFE)
+    parsed_host: str = encode_host(host)
+    parsed_port: int | None = normalize_port(port, scheme)
+
+    has_scheme = parsed_scheme != ""
+    has_authority = (
+        parsed_userinfo != "" or parsed_host != "" or parsed_port is not None
+    )
+    validate_path(path, has_scheme=has_scheme, has_authority=has_authority)
+    if has_scheme or has_authority:
+        path = normalize_path(path)
+
+    parsed_path: str = quote(path, safe=PATH_SAFE)
+    parsed_query: str | None = None if query is None else quote(query, safe=QUERY_SAFE)
+    parsed_frag: str | None = None if frag is None else quote(frag, safe=FRAG_SAFE)
+
+    # The parsed ASCII bytestrings are our canonical form.
+    # All properties of the URL are derived from these.
+    return ParseResult(
+        parsed_scheme,
+        parsed_userinfo,
+        parsed_host,
+        parsed_port,
+        parsed_path,
+        parsed_query,
+        parsed_frag,
+    )
+
+
+def encode_host(host: str) -> str:
+    if not host:
+        return ""
+
+    elif IPv4_STYLE_HOSTNAME.match(host):
+        # Validate IPv4 hostnames like #.#.#.#
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # IPv4address = dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet
+        try:
+            ipaddress.IPv4Address(host)
+        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IPv4 address: {host!r}")
+        return host
+
+    elif IPv6_STYLE_HOSTNAME.match(host):
+        # Validate IPv6 hostnames like [...]
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # "A host identified by an Internet Protocol literal address, version 6
+        # [RFC3513] or later, is distinguished by enclosing the IP literal
+        # within square brackets ("[" and "]").  This is the only place where
+        # square bracket characters are allowed in the URI syntax."
+        try:
+            ipaddress.IPv6Address(host[1:-1])
+        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IPv6 address: {host!r}")
+        return host[1:-1]
+
+    elif host.isascii():
+        # Regular ASCII hostnames
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # reg-name    = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
+        WHATWG_SAFE = '"`{}%|\\'
+        return quote(host.lower(), safe=SUB_DELIMS + WHATWG_SAFE)
+
+    # IDNA hostnames
+    try:
+        return idna.encode(host.lower()).decode("ascii")
+    except idna.IDNAError:
+        raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IDNA hostname: {host!r}")
+
+
+def normalize_port(port: str | int | None, scheme: str) -> int | None:
+    # From https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
+    #
+    # "A scheme may define a default port.  For example, the "http" scheme
+    # defines a default port of "80", corresponding to its reserved TCP
+    # port number.  The type of port designated by the port number (e.g.,
+    # TCP, UDP, SCTP) is defined by the URI scheme.  URI producers and
+    # normalizers should omit the port component and its ":" delimiter if
+    # port is empty or if its value would be the same as that of the
+    # scheme's default."
+    if port is None or port == "":
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        port_as_int = int(port)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid port: {port!r}")
+
+    # See https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
+    default_port = {"ftp": 21, "http": 80, "https": 443, "ws": 80, "wss": 443}.get(
+        scheme
+    )
+    if port_as_int == default_port:
+        return None
+    return port_as_int
+
+
+def validate_path(path: str, has_scheme: bool, has_authority: bool) -> None:
+    """
+    Path validation rules that depend on if the URL contains
+    a scheme or authority component.
+
+    See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html#section-3.3
+    """
+    if has_authority:
+        # If a URI contains an authority component, then the path component
+        # must either be empty or begin with a slash ("/") character."
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            raise InvalidURL("For absolute URLs, path must be empty or begin with '/'")
+
+    if not has_scheme and not has_authority:
+        # If a URI does not contain an authority component, then the path cannot begin
+        # with two slash characters ("//").
+        if path.startswith("//"):
+            raise InvalidURL("Relative URLs cannot have a path starting with '//'")
+
+        # In addition, a URI reference (Section 4.1) may be a relative-path reference,
+        # in which case the first path segment cannot contain a colon (":") character.
+        if path.startswith(":"):
+            raise InvalidURL("Relative URLs cannot have a path starting with ':'")
+
+
+def normalize_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Drop "." and ".." segments from a URL path.
+
+    For example:
+
+        normalize_path("/path/./to/somewhere/..") == "/path/to"
+    """
+    # Fast return when no '.' characters in the path.
+    if "." not in path:
+        return path
+
+    components = path.split("/")
+
+    # Fast return when no '.' or '..' components in the path.
+    if "." not in components and ".." not in components:
+        return path
+
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4
+    output: list[str] = []
+    for component in components:
+        if component == ".":
+            pass
+        elif component == "..":
+            if output and output != [""]:
+                output.pop()
+        else:
+            output.append(component)
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def PERCENT(string: str) -> str:
+    return "".join([f"%{byte:02X}" for byte in string.encode("utf-8")])
+
+
+def percent_encoded(string: str, safe: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Use percent-encoding to quote a string.
+    """
+    NON_ESCAPED_CHARS = UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS + safe
+
+    # Fast path for strings that don't need escaping.
+    if not string.rstrip(NON_ESCAPED_CHARS):
+        return string
+
+    return "".join(
+        [char if char in NON_ESCAPED_CHARS else PERCENT(char) for char in string]
+    )
+
+
+def quote(string: str, safe: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Use percent-encoding to quote a string, omitting existing '%xx' escape sequences.
+
+    See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.1
+
+    * `string`: The string to be percent-escaped.
+    * `safe`: A string containing characters that may be treated as safe, and do not
+        need to be escaped. Unreserved characters are always treated as safe.
+        See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.3
+    """
+    parts = []
+    current_position = 0
+    for match in re.finditer(PERCENT_ENCODED_REGEX, string):
+        start_position, end_position = match.start(), match.end()
+        matched_text = match.group(0)
+        # Add any text up to the '%xx' escape sequence.
+        if start_position != current_position:
+            leading_text = string[current_position:start_position]
+            parts.append(percent_encoded(leading_text, safe=safe))
+
+        # Add the '%xx' escape sequence.
+        parts.append(matched_text)
+        current_position = end_position
+
+    # Add any text after the final '%xx' escape sequence.
+    if current_position != len(string):
+        trailing_text = string[current_position:]
+        parts.append(percent_encoded(trailing_text, safe=safe))
+
+    return "".join(parts)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..147a8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, unquote, urlencode
+
+import idna
+
+from ._types import QueryParamTypes
+from ._urlparse import urlparse
+from ._utils import primitive_value_to_str
+
+__all__ = ["URL", "QueryParams"]
+
+
+class URL:
+    """
+    url = httpx.URL("HTTPS://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink")
+
+    assert url.scheme == "https"
+    assert url.username == "jo@email.com"
+    assert url.password == "a secret"
+    assert url.userinfo == b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret"
+    assert url.host == "müller.de"
+    assert url.raw_host == b"xn--mller-kva.de"
+    assert url.port == 1234
+    assert url.netloc == b"xn--mller-kva.de:1234"
+    assert url.path == "/pa th"
+    assert url.query == b"?search=ab"
+    assert url.raw_path == b"/pa%20th?search=ab"
+    assert url.fragment == "anchorlink"
+
+    The components of a URL are broken down like this:
+
+       https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink
+    [scheme]   [  username  ] [password] [ host ][port][ path ] [ query ] [fragment]
+               [       userinfo        ] [   netloc   ][    raw_path    ]
+
+    Note that:
+
+    * `url.scheme` is normalized to always be lowercased.
+
+    * `url.host` is normalized to always be lowercased. Internationalized domain
+      names are represented in unicode, without IDNA encoding applied. For instance:
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.raw_host` is normalized to always be lowercased, and is IDNA encoded.
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.port` is either None or an integer. URLs that include the default port for
+      "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes have their port
+      normalized to `None`.
+
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com") == httpx.URL("http://example.com:80")
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com").port is None
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com:80").port is None
+
+    * `url.userinfo` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. Usually you'll want to work
+      with `url.username` and `url.password` instead, which handle the URL escaping.
+
+    * `url.raw_path` is raw bytes of both the path and query, without URL escaping.
+      This portion is used as the target when constructing HTTP requests. Usually you'll
+      want to work with `url.path` instead.
+
+    * `url.query` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. A URL query string portion can
+      only be properly URL escaped when decoding the parameter names and values
+      themselves.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: URL | str = "", **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        if kwargs:
+            allowed = {
+                "scheme": str,
+                "username": str,
+                "password": str,
+                "userinfo": bytes,
+                "host": str,
+                "port": int,
+                "netloc": bytes,
+                "path": str,
+                "query": bytes,
+                "raw_path": bytes,
+                "fragment": str,
+                "params": object,
+            }
+
+            # Perform type checking for all supported keyword arguments.
+            for key, value in kwargs.items():
+                if key not in allowed:
+                    message = f"{key!r} is an invalid keyword argument for URL()"
+                    raise TypeError(message)
+                if value is not None and not isinstance(value, allowed[key]):
+                    expected = allowed[key].__name__
+                    seen = type(value).__name__
+                    message = f"Argument {key!r} must be {expected} but got {seen}"
+                    raise TypeError(message)
+                if isinstance(value, bytes):
+                    kwargs[key] = value.decode("ascii")
+
+            if "params" in kwargs:
+                # Replace any "params" keyword with the raw "query" instead.
+                #
+                # Ensure that empty params use `kwargs["query"] = None` rather
+                # than `kwargs["query"] = ""`, so that generated URLs do not
+                # include an empty trailing "?".
+                params = kwargs.pop("params")
+                kwargs["query"] = None if not params else str(QueryParams(params))
+
+        if isinstance(url, str):
+            self._uri_reference = urlparse(url, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(url, URL):
+            self._uri_reference = url._uri_reference.copy_with(**kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Invalid type for url.  Expected str or httpx.URL,"
+                f" got {type(url)}: {url!r}"
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL scheme, such as "http", "https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def raw_scheme(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL scheme, such as b"http", b"https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def userinfo(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL userinfo as a raw bytestring.
+        For example: b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret".
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.userinfo.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL username as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "jo@email.com"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[0])
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL password as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "a secret"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[2])
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL host as a string.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, with IDNA hosts decoded into unicode.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.host == "www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.host == "::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        host: str = self._uri_reference.host
+
+        if host.startswith("xn--"):
+            host = idna.decode(host)
+
+        return host
+
+    @property
+    def raw_host(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL host.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.host.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The URL port as an integer.
+
+        Note that the URL class performs port normalization as per the WHATWG spec.
+        Default ports for "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes are always
+        treated as `None`.
+
+        For example:
+
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com") == httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80")
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80").port is None
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.port
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Either `<host>` or `<host>:<port>` as bytes.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        This property may be used for generating the value of a request
+        "Host" header.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.netloc.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL path as a string. Excluding the query string, and URL decoded.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/pa%20th")
+        assert url.path == "/pa th"
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        return unquote(path)
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL query string, as raw bytes, excluding the leading b"?".
+
+        This is necessarily a bytewise interface, because we cannot
+        perform URL decoding of this representation until we've parsed
+        the keys and values into a QueryParams instance.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/?filter=some%20search%20terms")
+        assert url.query == b"filter=some%20search%20terms"
+        """
+        query = self._uri_reference.query or ""
+        return query.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        The URL query parameters, neatly parsed and packaged into an immutable
+        multidict representation.
+        """
+        return QueryParams(self._uri_reference.query)
+
+    @property
+    def raw_path(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The complete URL path and query string as raw bytes.
+        Used as the target when constructing HTTP requests.
+
+        For example:
+
+        GET /users?search=some%20text HTTP/1.1
+        Host: www.example.org
+        Connection: close
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        if self._uri_reference.query is not None:
+            path += "?" + self._uri_reference.query
+        return path.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL fragments, as used in HTML anchors.
+        As a string, without the leading '#'.
+        """
+        return unquote(self._uri_reference.fragment or "")
+
+    @property
+    def is_absolute_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `False` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        # We don't use `.is_absolute` from `rfc3986` because it treats
+        # URLs with a fragment portion as not absolute.
+        # What we actually care about is if the URL provides
+        # a scheme and hostname to which connections should be made.
+        return bool(self._uri_reference.scheme and self._uri_reference.host)
+
+    @property
+    def is_relative_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `False` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `True` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        return not self.is_absolute_url
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> URL:
+        """
+        Copy this URL, returning a new URL with some components altered.
+        Accepts the same set of parameters as the components that are made
+        available via properties on the `URL` class.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com").copy_with(
+            username="jo@gmail.com", password="a secret"
+        )
+        assert url == "https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@www.example.com"
+        """
+        return URL(self, **kwargs)
+
+    def copy_set_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.set(key, value))
+
+    def copy_add_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.add(key, value))
+
+    def copy_remove_param(self, key: str) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.remove(key))
+
+    def copy_merge_params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.merge(params))
+
+    def join(self, url: URL | str) -> URL:
+        """
+        Return an absolute URL, using this URL as the base.
+
+        Eg.
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com/test")
+        url = url.join("/new/path")
+        assert url == "https://www.example.com/new/path"
+        """
+        from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+        return URL(urljoin(str(self), str(URL(url))))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, (URL, str)) and str(self) == str(URL(other))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._uri_reference)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment = self._uri_reference
+
+        if ":" in userinfo:
+            # Mask any password component.
+            userinfo = f'{userinfo.split(":")[0]}:[secure]'
+
+        authority = "".join(
+            [
+                f"{userinfo}@" if userinfo else "",
+                f"[{host}]" if ":" in host else host,
+                f":{port}" if port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+        url = "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.scheme}:" if scheme else "",
+                f"//{authority}" if authority else "",
+                path,
+                f"?{query}" if query is not None else "",
+                f"#{fragment}" if fragment is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({url!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> tuple[bytes, bytes, int, bytes]:  # pragma: nocover
+        import collections
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn("URL.raw is deprecated.")
+        RawURL = collections.namedtuple(
+            "RawURL", ["raw_scheme", "raw_host", "port", "raw_path"]
+        )
+        return RawURL(
+            raw_scheme=self.raw_scheme,
+            raw_host=self.raw_host,
+            port=self.port,
+            raw_path=self.raw_path,
+        )
+
+
+class QueryParams(typing.Mapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    URL query parameters, as a multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: QueryParamTypes | None, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+        assert not (args and kwargs), "Cannot mix named and unnamed arguments."
+
+        value = args[0] if args else kwargs
+
+        if value is None or isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
+            value = value.decode("ascii") if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
+            self._dict = parse_qs(value, keep_blank_values=True)
+        elif isinstance(value, QueryParams):
+            self._dict = {k: list(v) for k, v in value._dict.items()}
+        else:
+            dict_value: dict[typing.Any, list[typing.Any]] = {}
+            if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+                # Convert list inputs like:
+                #     [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+                # To a dict representation, like:
+                #     {"a": ["123", "456"], "b": ["789"]}
+                for item in value:
+                    dict_value.setdefault(item[0], []).append(item[1])
+            else:
+                # Convert dict inputs like:
+                #    {"a": "123", "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                # To dict inputs where values are always lists, like:
+                #    {"a": ["123"], "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                dict_value = {
+                    k: list(v) if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else [v]
+                    for k, v in value.items()
+                }
+
+            # Ensure that keys and values are neatly coerced to strings.
+            # We coerce values `True` and `False` to JSON-like "true" and "false"
+            # representations, and coerce `None` values to the empty string.
+            self._dict = {
+                str(k): [primitive_value_to_str(item) for item in v]
+                for k, v in dict_value.items()
+            }
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
+        """
+        Return all the keys in the query params.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.keys()) == ["a", "b"]
+        """
+        return self._dict.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
+        """
+        Return all the values in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.values()) == ["123", "789"]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.items()) == [("a", "123"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. Allow duplicate keys to occur.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.multi_items()) == [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        multi_items: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        for k, v in self._dict.items():
+            multi_items.extend([(k, i) for i in v])
+        return multi_items
+
+    def get(self, key: typing.Any, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Get a value from the query param for a given key. If the key occurs
+        more than once, then only the first value is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get("a") == "123"
+        """
+        if key in self._dict:
+            return self._dict[str(key)][0]
+        return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Get all values from the query param for a given key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get_list("a") == ["123", "456"]
+        """
+        return list(self._dict.get(str(key), []))
+
+    def set(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.set("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def add(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting or appending the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.add("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = q.get_list(key) + [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def remove(self, key: str) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, removing the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.remove("a")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict.pop(str(key), None)
+        return q
+
+    def merge(self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, updated with.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"b": "456"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&b=456")
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"a": "456", "b": "789"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456&b=789")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams(params)
+        q._dict = {**self._dict, **q._dict}
+        return q
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: typing.Any) -> str:
+        return self._dict[key][0]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._dict)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self.multi_items()) == sorted(other.multi_items())
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return urlencode(self.multi_items())
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        query_string = str(self)
+        return f"{class_name}({query_string!r})"
+
+    def update(self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.merge(...)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.set(key, value)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe827d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+from urllib.request import getproxies
+
+from ._types import PrimitiveData
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._urls import URL
+
+
+def primitive_value_to_str(value: PrimitiveData) -> str:
+    """
+    Coerce a primitive data type into a string value.
+
+    Note that we prefer JSON-style 'true'/'false' for boolean values here.
+    """
+    if value is True:
+        return "true"
+    elif value is False:
+        return "false"
+    elif value is None:
+        return ""
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def get_environment_proxies() -> dict[str, str | None]:
+    """Gets proxy information from the environment"""
+
+    # urllib.request.getproxies() falls back on System
+    # Registry and Config for proxies on Windows and macOS.
+    # We don't want to propagate non-HTTP proxies into
+    # our configuration such as 'TRAVIS_APT_PROXY'.
+    proxy_info = getproxies()
+    mounts: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+    for scheme in ("http", "https", "all"):
+        if proxy_info.get(scheme):
+            hostname = proxy_info[scheme]
+            mounts[f"{scheme}://"] = (
+                hostname if "://" in hostname else f"http://{hostname}"
+            )
+
+    no_proxy_hosts = [host.strip() for host in proxy_info.get("no", "").split(",")]
+    for hostname in no_proxy_hosts:
+        # See https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_NOPROXY.html for details
+        # on how names in `NO_PROXY` are handled.
+        if hostname == "*":
+            # If NO_PROXY=* is used or if "*" occurs as any one of the comma
+            # separated hostnames, then we should just bypass any information
+            # from HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, ALL_PROXY, and always ignore
+            # proxies.
+            return {}
+        elif hostname:
+            # NO_PROXY=.google.com is marked as "all://*.google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" but not "google.com"
+            # NO_PROXY=google.com is marked as "all://*google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" and "google.com".
+            #   (But not "wwwgoogle.com")
+            # NO_PROXY can include domains, IPv6, IPv4 addresses and "localhost"
+            #   NO_PROXY=example.com,::1,localhost,192.168.0.0/16
+            if "://" in hostname:
+                mounts[hostname] = None
+            elif is_ipv4_hostname(hostname):
+                mounts[f"all://{hostname}"] = None
+            elif is_ipv6_hostname(hostname):
+                mounts[f"all://[{hostname}]"] = None
+            elif hostname.lower() == "localhost":
+                mounts[f"all://{hostname}"] = None
+            else:
+                mounts[f"all://*{hostname}"] = None
+
+    return mounts
+
+
+def to_bytes(value: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> bytes:
+    return value.encode(encoding) if isinstance(value, str) else value
+
+
+def to_str(value: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+    return value if isinstance(value, str) else value.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def to_bytes_or_str(value: str, match_type_of: typing.AnyStr) -> typing.AnyStr:
+    return value if isinstance(match_type_of, str) else value.encode()
+
+
+def unquote(value: str) -> str:
+    return value[1:-1] if value[0] == value[-1] == '"' else value
+
+
+def peek_filelike_length(stream: typing.Any) -> int | None:
+    """
+    Given a file-like stream object, return its length in number of bytes
+    without reading it into memory.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Is it an actual file?
+        fd = stream.fileno()
+        # Yup, seems to be an actual file.
+        length = os.fstat(fd).st_size
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        # No... Maybe it's something that supports random access, like `io.BytesIO`?
+        try:
+            # Assuming so, go to end of stream to figure out its length,
+            # then put it back in place.
+            offset = stream.tell()
+            length = stream.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
+            stream.seek(offset)
+        except (AttributeError, OSError):
+            # Not even that? Sorry, we're doomed...
+            return None
+
+    return length
+
+
+class URLPattern:
+    """
+    A utility class currently used for making lookups against proxy keys...
+
+    # Wildcard matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+
+    # Witch scheme matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # Wildcard scheme, with domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With port matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com:1234")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com:1234"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    False
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern: str) -> None:
+        from ._urls import URL
+
+        if pattern and ":" not in pattern:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Proxy keys should use proper URL forms rather "
+                f"than plain scheme strings. "
+                f'Instead of "{pattern}", use "{pattern}://"'
+            )
+
+        url = URL(pattern)
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.scheme = "" if url.scheme == "all" else url.scheme
+        self.host = "" if url.host == "*" else url.host
+        self.port = url.port
+        if not url.host or url.host == "*":
+            self.host_regex: typing.Pattern[str] | None = None
+        elif url.host.startswith("*."):
+            # *.example.com should match "www.example.com", but not "example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host[2:])
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^.+\\.{domain}$")
+        elif url.host.startswith("*"):
+            # *example.com should match "www.example.com" and "example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host[1:])
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^(.+\\.)?{domain}$")
+        else:
+            # example.com should match "example.com" but not "www.example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host)
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^{domain}$")
+
+    def matches(self, other: URL) -> bool:
+        if self.scheme and self.scheme != other.scheme:
+            return False
+        if (
+            self.host
+            and self.host_regex is not None
+            and not self.host_regex.match(other.host)
+        ):
+            return False
+        if self.port is not None and self.port != other.port:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def priority(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """
+        The priority allows URLPattern instances to be sortable, so that
+        we can match from most specific to least specific.
+        """
+        # URLs with a port should take priority over URLs without a port.
+        port_priority = 0 if self.port is not None else 1
+        # Longer hostnames should match first.
+        host_priority = -len(self.host)
+        # Longer schemes should match first.
+        scheme_priority = -len(self.scheme)
+        return (port_priority, host_priority, scheme_priority)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.pattern)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: URLPattern) -> bool:
+        return self.priority < other.priority
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, URLPattern) and self.pattern == other.pattern
+
+
+def is_ipv4_hostname(hostname: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv4Address(hostname.split("/")[0])
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_ipv6_hostname(hostname: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv6Address(hostname.split("/")[0])
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return True
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c4bf89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: idna
+Version: 3.18
+Summary: Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)
+Author-email: Kim Davies <kim+pypi@gumleaf.org>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: Name Service (DNS)
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Requires-Dist: ruff >= 0.6.2 ; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: mypy >= 1.11.2 ; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pytest >= 8.3.2 ; extra == "all"
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/kjd/idna/blob/master/HISTORY.md
+Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/kjd/idna/issues
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/kjd/idna
+Provides-Extra: all
+
+# Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)
+
+Support for [Internationalized Domain Names in Applications
+(IDNA)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891) and [Unicode IDNA
+Compatibility Processing](https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/). It
+supersedes the standard library's `encodings.idna`, which only
+implements the 2003 specification, offering broader script coverage and
+limiting domains with known security vulnerabilities.
+
+## Usage
+
+Package may be installed from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/idna/) via
+the typical methods (e.g. `python3 -m pip install idna`)
+
+For typical usage, the `encode` and `decode` functions will take a
+domain name argument and perform a conversion to ASCII-compatible encoding
+(known as A-labels), or to Unicode strings (known as U-labels)
+respectively.
+
+```pycon
+>>> import idna
+>>> idna.encode('ドメイン.テスト')
+b'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah'
+>>> print(idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah'))
+ドメイン.テスト
+```
+
+Conversions can be applied at a per-label basis using the `ulabel` or
+`alabel` functions for specialized use cases.
+
+
+### Compatibility Mapping (UTS #46)
+
+This library provides support for [Unicode IDNA Compatibility
+Processing](https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/) which normalizes input from
+different potential ways a user may input a domain prior to performing the IDNA
+conversion operations. This functionality, known as a
+[mapping](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5895), is considered by the
+specification to be a local user-interface issue distinct from IDNA
+conversion functionality.
+
+For example, "Königsgäßchen" is not a permissible label as capital letters
+are not allowed. UTS 46 will convert this into lower case prior to applying
+the IDNA conversion.
+
+```pycon
+>>> import idna
+>>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen')
+...
+idna.core.InvalidCodepoint: Codepoint U+004B at position 1 of 'Königsgäßchen' not allowed
+>>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen', uts46=True)
+b'xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun'
+>>> idna.decode('xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun')
+'königsgäßchen'
+```
+
+When performing a decode operation for display purposes, `decode()`
+accepts a `display=True` argument that leaves any `xn--` label that
+fails to decode unchanged. This is useful for user interface display
+where a domain is in use, the A-label form can be presented when it
+is not a valid IDN.
+
+
+## Exceptions
+
+All errors raised during conversion derive from the `idna.IDNAError`
+base class. The more specific exceptions are:
+
+* `idna.IDNABidiError` — raised when a label contains an illegal
+  combination of left-to-right and right-to-left characters.
+* `idna.InvalidCodepoint` — raised when a label contains a codepoint
+  that is INVALID for IDNA.
+* `idna.InvalidCodepointContext` — raised when a CONTEXTO or CONTEXTJ
+  codepoint appears in a position whose contextual requirements are
+  not satisfied.
+
+
+## Command-line tool
+
+The package supports command-line usage to convert domain names
+between their Unicode and ASCII-compatible forms. It can be run either
+as a module (`python3 -m idna`) or, once installed (such as with `uv
+tool` or `pipx`), via the `idna` script:
+
+```bash
+$ uv tool install idna
+$ idna xn--e1afmkfd.xn--p1ai
+пример.рф
+$ idna пример.рф
+xn--e1afmkfd.xn--p1ai
+```
+
+Mode can be specified with `-e`/`--encode` or `-d`/`--decode`, otherwise
+it will be chosen automatically based on the first input. Multiple
+domains can be supplied either as arguments or through standard input.
+UTS #46 mapping is applied by default, which lets the tool accept
+inputs that aren't strictly valid IDNA 2008 by normalising them first,
+pass `--strict` to disable UTS #46.
+
+Conversion failures are reported on stderr together with the
+offending input; processing continues with the remaining domains and
+the tool exits with a non-zero status if any conversion failed.
+
+
+## Additional Notes
+
+* **Version support**. This library supports Python 3.9 and higher.
+  As this library serves as a low-level toolkit for a variety of
+  applications, we strive to support all versions of Python that are
+  not beyond end-of-life.
+
+* **Emoji**. It is an occasional request to support emoji domains in
+  this library. Encoding of symbols like emoji is expressly prohibited by
+  the IDNA technical standard, and emoji domains are broadly phased
+  out across the domain industry due to associated security risks.
+
+* **Regenerating lookup tables**. The IDNA and UTS 46 functionality
+  relies upon pre-calculated lookup tables, generated using the
+  `idna-data` script in [`tools/`](tools/README.md).
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07bf48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+../../../bin/idna,sha256=PW_TaeSvNG-xbkzgbkquaEWdT6dmf_Ly8cAp8VyMG0w,257
+idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Rt_m5axGLQ9oDs2avPZugptqIzSCS02eOXmzETXK8oE,6119
+idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD,,
+idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=7H3nGOHap3jnLE5e7q7Ywr9Vq8axB7WIj5-C_4N2vhw,38
+idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md,sha256=GppPDj1HmickDd1ZqRN6ZqtKD539yMphiMwL_YUYfwQ,1541
+idna/__init__.py,sha256=MPqNDLZbXqGaNdXxAFhiqFPKEQXju2jNQhCey6-5eJM,868
+idna/__main__.py,sha256=4JMK66Wj4uLZTKbF-sT3LAxOsr6buig77PmOkJCRRxw,83
+idna/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/codec.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/compat.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/idnadata.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/intranges.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/package_data.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/uts46data.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/cli.py,sha256=swqJLMNc8Uzs60KziNpbWnHuqlG3WRQwJSbo4n8xDAo,4139
+idna/codec.py,sha256=JRbo-f7pEkLdWeiH89Z72UR4VBYhvKDFrQBeNX6sRDE,5040
+idna/compat.py,sha256=AepA39ceRHxkfHP41-FvKW5Ki-f4PfUZ90RUMlCNdmo,1353
+idna/core.py,sha256=SfOr1xO3PoE0RDYx7bMciAnjiyjJPbPw_93AB5IUYOw,24685
+idna/idnadata.py,sha256=Af-mo8WBmkhAK6TyXKOQH88OX0mQNDKtdL7UWtQpppk,44862
+idna/intranges.py,sha256=g49scLSkqJtAhLmOODa7hVHriSjmb60tiTsEoocJdBI,1851
+idna/package_data.py,sha256=TeI94EqAFAFaXfBJwsOPUMLn2969uirPa-DaeaceAyU,21
+idna/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+idna/uts46data.py,sha256=jujNz5QqWMcJf-XYLv4X1jBvb5FlI0t6-e1mILsgbPk,234325
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b9936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59ca7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[console_scripts]
+idna=idna.cli:main
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f706835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2026, Kim Davies and contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+   this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfdc030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from .core import (
+    IDNABidiError,
+    IDNAError,
+    InvalidCodepoint,
+    InvalidCodepointContext,
+    alabel,
+    check_bidi,
+    check_hyphen_ok,
+    check_initial_combiner,
+    check_label,
+    check_nfc,
+    decode,
+    encode,
+    ulabel,
+    uts46_remap,
+    valid_contextj,
+    valid_contexto,
+    valid_label_length,
+    valid_string_length,
+)
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+from .package_data import __version__
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "IDNABidiError",
+    "IDNAError",
+    "InvalidCodepoint",
+    "InvalidCodepointContext",
+    "alabel",
+    "check_bidi",
+    "check_hyphen_ok",
+    "check_initial_combiner",
+    "check_label",
+    "check_nfc",
+    "decode",
+    "encode",
+    "intranges_contain",
+    "ulabel",
+    "uts46_remap",
+    "valid_contextj",
+    "valid_contexto",
+    "valid_label_length",
+    "valid_string_length",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbdd066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import sys
+
+from .cli import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/cli.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4acda2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+"""Command-line interface for the :mod:`idna` package.
+
+Invoked via ``python -m idna``. See :func:`main` for the entry point.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import IO, Optional
+
+from . import IDNAError, decode, encode
+from .core import _alabel_prefix, _unicode_dots_re
+from .package_data import __version__
+
+
+def _looks_like_alabel(s: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True if any label in ``s`` carries the ``xn--`` ACE prefix."""
+    prefix = _alabel_prefix.decode("ascii")
+    return any(label.lower().startswith(prefix) for label in _unicode_dots_re.split(s))
+
+
+def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="python -m idna",
+        description=(
+            "Convert a domain name between its Unicode (U-label) and "
+            "ASCII-compatible (A-label) forms. With no mode flag, the "
+            "direction is chosen from the first input — if it contains "
+            "an xn-- label the stream is decoded, otherwise it is "
+            "encoded — and the same mode is applied to every remaining "
+            "input. UTS #46 mapping is applied by default; pass "
+            "--strict to disable it. When no domains are given on the "
+            "command line and stdin is piped, one domain per line is "
+            "read from stdin."
+        ),
+    )
+    mode = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    mode.add_argument(
+        "-e",
+        "--encode",
+        dest="mode",
+        action="store_const",
+        const="encode",
+        help="Encode the input to its ASCII A-label form.",
+    )
+    mode.add_argument(
+        "-d",
+        "--decode",
+        dest="mode",
+        action="store_const",
+        const="decode",
+        help="Decode the input from its ASCII A-label form.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--strict",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Disable the default UTS #46 mapping and apply IDNA 2008 rules verbatim.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--version",
+        action="version",
+        version=f"idna {__version__}",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "domain",
+        nargs="*",
+        help="One or more domain names to convert. Omit to read from stdin.",
+    )
+    return parser
+
+
+def _iter_stdin(stream: IO[str]) -> Iterable[str]:
+    """Yield non-empty stripped lines from ``stream``, ignoring blanks."""
+    for line in stream:
+        stripped = line.strip()
+        if stripped:
+            yield stripped
+
+
+def _convert_one(domain: str, mode: str, uts46: bool) -> bool:
+    """Convert ``domain`` and write the result; return ``False`` on failure."""
+    try:
+        if mode == "decode":
+            print(decode(domain, uts46=uts46))
+        else:
+            print(encode(domain, uts46=uts46).decode("ascii"))
+    except IDNAError as err:
+        print(f"idna: {mode} failed for {domain!r}: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def main(argv: Optional[list[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """Entry point for ``python -m idna``.
+
+    When more than one domain is supplied (via positional arguments or
+    piped stdin) and no mode flag is given, the first input determines
+    the direction and that mode is applied uniformly to the rest.
+
+    :param argv: Argument list excluding the program name. Defaults to
+        :data:`sys.argv` when ``None``.
+    :returns: ``0`` on success, ``1`` if any conversion fails.
+    """
+    parser = _build_parser()
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    uts46 = not args.strict
+
+    if args.domain:
+        domains: Iterable[str] = args.domain
+    elif not sys.stdin.isatty():
+        domains = _iter_stdin(sys.stdin)
+    else:
+        parser.error("a domain argument is required when stdin is a terminal")
+
+    iterator = iter(domains)
+    first = next(iterator, None)
+    if first is None:
+        return 0
+
+    mode = args.mode or ("decode" if _looks_like_alabel(first) else "encode")
+
+    results = [_convert_one(domain, mode, uts46) for domain in chain([first], iterator)]
+    return 0 if all(results) else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/codec.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/codec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83b42fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/codec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import codecs
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from .core import IDNAError, _unicode_dots_re, alabel, decode, encode, ulabel
+
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+    """Stateless IDNA 2008 codec.
+
+    Implements the :class:`codecs.Codec` protocol so that the whole-domain
+    encoder (:func:`idna.encode`) and decoder (:func:`idna.decode`) are
+    accessible through the standard codec machinery as ``"idna2008"``.
+
+    Only the ``"strict"`` error handler is supported; any other handler
+    raises :exc:`~idna.IDNAError`.
+    """
+
+    def encode(self, data: str, errors: str = "strict") -> tuple[bytes, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        return encode(data), len(data)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, errors: str = "strict") -> tuple[str, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return "", 0
+
+        return decode(data), len(data)
+
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalEncoder):
+    """Incremental IDNA 2008 encoder.
+
+    Buffers a partial trailing label across calls until either the next
+    label separator is seen or ``final=True``, so that streamed input is
+    encoded one whole label at a time. Any of the four Unicode label
+    separators (``U+002E``, ``U+3002``, ``U+FF0E``, ``U+FF61``) ends a
+    label; the result always uses ``U+002E`` as the separator.
+
+    Only the ``"strict"`` error handler is supported.
+    """
+
+    def _buffer_encode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> tuple[bytes, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = b""
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = b"."
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = b"."
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(alabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        # Join with U+002E
+        result_bytes = b".".join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return result_bytes, size
+
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalDecoder):
+    """Incremental IDNA 2008 decoder.
+
+    Buffers a partial trailing label across calls until either the next
+    label separator is seen or ``final=True``, so that streamed input is
+    decoded one whole label at a time.
+
+    Only the ``"strict"`` error handler is supported.
+    """
+
+    def _buffer_decode(self, data: Any, errors: str, final: bool) -> tuple[str, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return ("", 0)
+
+        if not isinstance(data, str):
+            data = str(data, "ascii")
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ""
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = "."
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = "."
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(ulabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        result_str = ".".join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return (result_str, size)
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+def search_function(name: str) -> Optional[codecs.CodecInfo]:
+    """Codec search function registered with :mod:`codecs`.
+
+    Returns a :class:`codecs.CodecInfo` for the ``"idna2008"`` codec name
+    so that ``str.encode("idna2008")`` and ``bytes.decode("idna2008")``
+    invoke the IDNA 2008 codec defined in this module.
+
+    :param name: The codec name being looked up.
+    :returns: A :class:`codecs.CodecInfo` instance if ``name`` is
+        ``"idna2008"``, otherwise ``None``.
+    """
+    if name != "idna2008":
+        return None
+    return codecs.CodecInfo(
+        name=name,
+        encode=Codec().encode,
+        decode=Codec().decode,  # type: ignore
+        incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+        incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+        streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+        streamreader=StreamReader,
+    )
+
+
+codecs.register(search_function)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d01e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+from .core import decode, encode
+
+
+def ToASCII(label: str) -> bytes:
+    """Compatibility shim for :rfc:`3490` ``ToASCII``.
+
+    Delegates to :func:`idna.encode` (IDNA 2008). Provided to ease porting
+    of code written against the legacy :mod:`encodings.idna` API; new code
+    should call :func:`idna.encode` directly.
+
+    :param label: The label or domain to encode.
+    :returns: The encoded form as ASCII :class:`bytes`.
+    """
+    return encode(label)
+
+
+def ToUnicode(label: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    """Compatibility shim for :rfc:`3490` ``ToUnicode``.
+
+    Delegates to :func:`idna.decode` (IDNA 2008). Provided to ease porting
+    of code written against the legacy :mod:`encodings.idna` API; new code
+    should call :func:`idna.decode` directly.
+
+    :param label: The label or domain to decode.
+    :returns: The decoded Unicode form.
+    """
+    return decode(label)
+
+
+def nameprep(s: Any) -> None:
+    """Stub for :rfc:`3491` Nameprep, which is not used by IDNA 2008.
+
+    IDNA 2008 (:rfc:`5891`) replaces Nameprep with the per-codepoint
+    validity classes from :rfc:`5892`; this function exists only to
+    return a clear error if legacy code attempts to call it.
+
+    :raises NotImplementedError: Always.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError("IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/core.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ccbd1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+import bisect
+import re
+import unicodedata
+import warnings
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from . import idnadata
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+_virama_combining_class = 9
+_alabel_prefix = b"xn--"
+_max_input_length = 1024
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile("[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]")
+
+
+# Bidi category sets from RFC 5893, hoisted out of the per-codepoint loop
+_bidi_rtl_first = frozenset({"R", "AL"})
+_bidi_rtl_categories = frozenset({"R", "AL", "AN"})
+_bidi_rtl_allowed = frozenset({"R", "AL", "AN", "EN", "ES", "CS", "ET", "ON", "BN", "NSM"})
+_bidi_rtl_valid_ending = frozenset({"R", "AL", "EN", "AN"})
+_bidi_rtl_numeric = frozenset({"AN", "EN"})
+_bidi_ltr_allowed = frozenset({"L", "EN", "ES", "CS", "ET", "ON", "BN", "NSM"})
+_bidi_ltr_valid_ending = frozenset({"L", "EN"})
+_bidi_joiner_l_or_d = frozenset({"L", "D"})
+_bidi_joiner_r_or_d = frozenset({"R", "D"})
+
+
+def _joining_type(cp: int) -> Optional[str]:
+    for jt, ranges in idnadata.joining_types.items():
+        if intranges_contain(cp, ranges):
+            return jt
+    return None
+
+
+class IDNAError(UnicodeError):
+    """Base exception for all IDNA-encoding related problems"""
+
+
+class IDNABidiError(IDNAError):
+    """Exception when bidirectional requirements are not satisfied"""
+
+
+class InvalidCodepoint(IDNAError):
+    """Exception when a disallowed or unallocated codepoint is used"""
+
+
+class InvalidCodepointContext(IDNAError):
+    """Exception when the codepoint is not valid in the context it is used"""
+
+
+def _combining_class(cp: int) -> int:
+    v = unicodedata.combining(chr(cp))
+    if v == 0 and not unicodedata.name(chr(cp)):
+        raise ValueError("Unknown character in unicodedata")
+    return v
+
+
+def _is_script(cp: str, script: str) -> bool:
+    return intranges_contain(ord(cp), idnadata.scripts[script])
+
+
+def _punycode(s: str) -> bytes:
+    return s.encode("punycode")
+
+
+def _unot(s: int) -> str:
+    return f"U+{s:04X}"
+
+
+def valid_label_length(label: Union[bytes, str]) -> bool:
+    """Check that a label does not exceed the maximum permitted length.
+
+    Per :rfc:`1035` (and :rfc:`5891` §4.2.4) a DNS label must not exceed
+    63 octets. The argument may be either a :class:`str` (a U-label, where
+    length is measured in characters) or :class:`bytes` (an A-label, where
+    length is measured in octets).
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the label is within the length limit, otherwise
+        ``False``.
+    """
+    return len(label) <= 63
+
+
+def valid_string_length(domain: Union[bytes, str], trailing_dot: bool) -> bool:
+    """Check that a full domain name does not exceed the maximum length.
+
+    Per :rfc:`1035`, a domain name is limited to 253 octets when no trailing
+    dot is present, or 254 octets when one is included.
+
+    :param domain: The full (possibly multi-label) domain name.
+    :param trailing_dot: ``True`` if ``domain`` includes a trailing ``.``.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the domain is within the length limit, otherwise
+        ``False``.
+    """
+    return len(domain) <= (254 if trailing_dot else 253)
+
+
+def check_bidi(label: str, check_ltr: bool = False) -> bool:
+    """Validate the Bidi Rule from :rfc:`5893` for a single label.
+
+    The Bidi Rule constrains how bidirectional characters (Hebrew, Arabic,
+    etc.) may appear within a label. By default the check is only applied
+    when the label contains at least one right-to-left character (Unicode
+    bidirectional categories ``R``, ``AL``, or ``AN``); set ``check_ltr``
+    to ``True`` to apply it to LTR-only labels as well.
+
+    :param label: The label to validate, as a Unicode string.
+    :param check_ltr: If ``True``, apply the rules even when the label
+        contains no RTL characters.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the label satisfies the Bidi Rule.
+    :raises IDNABidiError: If any of Bidi Rule conditions 1-6 are violated,
+        or if the directional category of a codepoint cannot be determined.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    # Bidi rules should only be applied if string contains RTL characters
+    bidi_label = False
+    for idx, cp in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+        if direction == "":
+            # String likely comes from a newer version of Unicode
+            raise IDNABidiError(f"Unknown directionality in label {label!r} at position {idx}")
+        if direction in _bidi_rtl_categories:
+            bidi_label = True
+    if not bidi_label and not check_ltr:
+        return True
+
+    # Bidi rule 1
+    direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(label[0])
+    if direction in _bidi_rtl_first:
+        rtl = True
+    elif direction == "L":
+        rtl = False
+    else:
+        raise IDNABidiError(f"First codepoint in label {label!r} must be directionality L, R or AL")
+
+    valid_ending = False
+    number_type: Optional[str] = None
+    for idx, cp in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+
+        if rtl:
+            # Bidi rule 2
+            if direction not in _bidi_rtl_allowed:
+                raise IDNABidiError(f"Invalid direction for codepoint at position {idx} in a right-to-left label")
+            # Bidi rule 3
+            if direction in _bidi_rtl_valid_ending:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != "NSM":
+                valid_ending = False
+            # Bidi rule 4
+            if direction in _bidi_rtl_numeric:
+                if not number_type:
+                    number_type = direction
+                elif number_type != direction:
+                    raise IDNABidiError("Can not mix numeral types in a right-to-left label")
+        else:
+            # Bidi rule 5
+            if direction not in _bidi_ltr_allowed:
+                raise IDNABidiError(f"Invalid direction for codepoint at position {idx} in a left-to-right label")
+            # Bidi rule 6
+            if direction in _bidi_ltr_valid_ending:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != "NSM":
+                valid_ending = False
+
+    if not valid_ending:
+        raise IDNABidiError("Label ends with illegal codepoint directionality")
+
+    return True
+
+
+def check_initial_combiner(label: str) -> bool:
+    """Reject labels that begin with a combining mark.
+
+    Per :rfc:`5891` §4.2.3.2 a label must not start with a character of
+    Unicode general category ``M`` (Mark).
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the first character is not a combining mark.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label begins with a combining character.
+    """
+    if unicodedata.category(label[0])[0] == "M":
+        raise IDNAError("Label begins with an illegal combining character")
+    return True
+
+
+def check_hyphen_ok(label: str) -> bool:
+    """Validate the hyphen restrictions for a label.
+
+    Per :rfc:`5891` §4.2.3.1 a label must not start or end with a hyphen
+    (``U+002D``), and must not have hyphens in both the third and fourth
+    positions (the prefix reserved for A-labels).
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the hyphen restrictions are satisfied.
+    :raises IDNAError: If any of the hyphen restrictions are violated.
+    """
+    if label[2:4] == "--":
+        raise IDNAError("Label has disallowed hyphens in 3rd and 4th position")
+    if label[0] == "-" or label[-1] == "-":
+        raise IDNAError("Label must not start or end with a hyphen")
+    return True
+
+
+def check_nfc(label: str) -> None:
+    """Require that a label is in Unicode Normalization Form C.
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``label`` differs from its NFC normalisation.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    if unicodedata.normalize("NFC", label) != label:
+        raise IDNAError("Label must be in Normalization Form C")
+
+
+def valid_contextj(label: str, pos: int) -> bool:
+    """Validate the CONTEXTJ rules from :rfc:`5892` Appendix A.
+
+    These rules govern the contextual use of the joiner codepoints
+    ``U+200C`` (ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER, Appendix A.1) and ``U+200D``
+    (ZERO WIDTH JOINER, Appendix A.2) within a label.
+
+    :param label: The label containing the codepoint.
+    :param pos: Index of the joiner codepoint within ``label``.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the codepoint at ``pos`` satisfies its CONTEXTJ
+        rule, ``False`` otherwise (including when the codepoint at
+        ``pos`` is not a recognised joiner).
+    :raises ValueError: If an adjacent codepoint has no Unicode name when
+        determining its combining class.
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``label`` exceeds the defensive input length limit.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200C:
+        if pos > 0 and _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+            return True
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos - 1, -1, -1):
+            joining_type = _joining_type(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == "T":
+                continue
+            if joining_type in _bidi_joiner_l_or_d:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            break
+
+        if not ok:
+            return False
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos + 1, len(label)):
+            joining_type = _joining_type(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == "T":
+                continue
+            if joining_type in _bidi_joiner_r_or_d:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            break
+        return ok
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200D:
+        return pos > 0 and _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class
+
+    return False
+
+
+def valid_contexto(label: str, pos: int, exception: bool = False) -> bool:
+    """Validate the CONTEXTO rules from :rfc:`5892` Appendix A.
+
+    Covers the contextual rules for codepoints such as MIDDLE DOT
+    (``U+00B7``), Greek lower numeral sign, Hebrew punctuation, Katakana
+    middle dot, and the Arabic-Indic / Extended Arabic-Indic digit ranges.
+
+    :param label: The label containing the codepoint.
+    :param pos: Index of the codepoint within ``label``.
+    :param exception: Reserved for forward compatibility; currently unused.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the codepoint at ``pos`` satisfies its CONTEXTO
+        rule, ``False`` otherwise (including when the codepoint is not a
+        recognised CONTEXTO codepoint).
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``label`` exceeds the defensive input length limit.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x00B7:
+        return 0 < pos < len(label) - 1 and ord(label[pos - 1]) == 0x006C and ord(label[pos + 1]) == 0x006C
+
+    if cp_value == 0x0375:
+        if pos < len(label) - 1 and len(label) > 1:
+            return _is_script(label[pos + 1], "Greek")
+        return False
+
+    if cp_value in {0x05F3, 0x05F4}:
+        if pos > 0:
+            return _is_script(label[pos - 1], "Hebrew")
+        return False
+
+    if cp_value == 0x30FB:
+        for cp in label:
+            if cp == "\u30fb":
+                continue
+            if _is_script(cp, "Hiragana") or _is_script(cp, "Katakana") or _is_script(cp, "Han"):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    if 0x660 <= cp_value <= 0x669:
+        return not any(0x6F0 <= ord(cp) <= 0x06F9 for cp in label)
+
+    if 0x6F0 <= cp_value <= 0x6F9:
+        return not any(0x660 <= ord(cp) <= 0x0669 for cp in label)
+
+    return False
+
+
+def check_label(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+    """Run the full set of IDNA 2008 validity checks on a single label.
+
+    Applies, in order: NFC normalisation (:func:`check_nfc`), hyphen
+    restrictions (:func:`check_hyphen_ok`), the no-leading-combiner rule
+    (:func:`check_initial_combiner`), per-codepoint validity (PVALID,
+    CONTEXTJ, CONTEXTO classes from :rfc:`5892`), and the Bidi Rule
+    (:func:`check_bidi`).
+
+    :param label: The label to validate. ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` input
+        is decoded as UTF-8 first.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label is empty or fails a structural rule.
+    :raises InvalidCodepoint: If the label contains a DISALLOWED or
+        UNASSIGNED codepoint.
+    :raises InvalidCodepointContext: If a CONTEXTJ or CONTEXTO codepoint
+        is not valid in its context.
+    :raises IDNABidiError: If the Bidi Rule is violated.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    if isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        label = label.decode("utf-8")
+    if len(label) == 0:
+        raise IDNAError("Empty Label")
+
+    # Reject on domain length rather than label length so support some UTS 46
+    # use cases, still reducing processing of label contextual rules
+    if not valid_string_length(label, trailing_dot=True):
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+
+    check_nfc(label)
+    check_hyphen_ok(label)
+    check_initial_combiner(label)
+
+    for pos, cp in enumerate(label):
+        cp_value = ord(cp)
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes["PVALID"]):
+            continue
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes["CONTEXTJ"]):
+            try:
+                if not valid_contextj(label, pos):
+                    raise InvalidCodepointContext(f"Joiner {_unot(cp_value)} not allowed at position {pos + 1} in {label!r}")
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise IDNAError(
+                    f"Unknown codepoint adjacent to joiner {_unot(cp_value)} at position {pos + 1} in {label!r}"
+                ) from err
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes["CONTEXTO"]):
+            if not valid_contexto(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext(f"Codepoint {_unot(cp_value)} not allowed at position {pos + 1} in {label!r}")
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(f"Codepoint {_unot(cp_value)} at position {pos + 1} of {label!r} not allowed")
+
+    check_bidi(label)
+
+
+def alabel(label: str) -> bytes:
+    """Convert a single U-label into its A-label form.
+
+    The result is the ASCII-Compatible Encoding (ACE) form per :rfc:`5891`
+    §4: the label is validated, Punycode-encoded, and prefixed with
+    ``xn--``. Pure ASCII labels that are already valid IDNA labels are
+    returned unchanged (as :class:`bytes`).
+
+    :param label: The label to convert, as a Unicode string.
+    :returns: The A-label as ASCII-encoded :class:`bytes`.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label is invalid or the resulting A-label
+        exceeds 63 octets.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    try:
+        label_bytes = label.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        ulabel(label_bytes)
+        if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+            raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+        return label_bytes
+
+    check_label(label)
+    label_bytes = _alabel_prefix + _punycode(label)
+
+    if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+
+    return label_bytes
+
+
+def ulabel(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    """Convert a single A-label into its U-label form.
+
+    Performs the inverse of :func:`alabel`: an ``xn--``-prefixed label is
+    Punycode-decoded and validated. Labels that are already Unicode (or
+    plain ASCII without the ACE prefix) are validated and returned as a
+    Unicode string.
+
+    :param label: The label to convert. ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` input
+        is treated as ASCII.
+    :returns: The U-label as a Unicode string.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label is malformed or fails validation.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    if not isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            label_bytes = label.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            check_label(label)
+            return label
+    else:
+        label_bytes = bytes(label)
+
+    label_bytes = label_bytes.lower()
+    if label_bytes.startswith(_alabel_prefix):
+        label_bytes = label_bytes[len(_alabel_prefix) :]
+        if not label_bytes:
+            raise IDNAError("Malformed A-label, no Punycode eligible content found")
+        if label_bytes.endswith(b"-"):
+            raise IDNAError("A-label must not end with a hyphen")
+    else:
+        check_label(label_bytes)
+        return label_bytes.decode("ascii")
+
+    try:
+        label = label_bytes.decode("punycode")
+    except UnicodeError as err:
+        raise IDNAError("Invalid A-label") from err
+    check_label(label)
+    return label
+
+
+def uts46_remap(domain: str, std3_rules: bool = True, transitional: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Apply the UTS #46 character mapping to a domain string.
+
+    Implements the mapping table from `UTS #46 §4
+    <https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_: each character is kept,
+    replaced, or rejected based on its status (``V``, ``M``, ``D``, ``3``,
+    ``I``). The result is returned in Normalisation Form C.
+
+    :param domain: The full domain name to remap.
+    :param std3_rules: If ``True``, apply the stricter STD3 ASCII rules
+        (status ``3`` codepoints raise instead of being kept or mapped).
+    :param transitional: If ``True``, use transitional processing (status
+        ``D`` codepoints are mapped instead of kept). Transitional
+        processing has been removed from UTS #46 and this option is
+        retained only for backwards compatibility.
+    :returns: The remapped domain, in Normalisation Form C.
+    :raises InvalidCodepoint: If the domain contains a disallowed
+        codepoint under the chosen rules.
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``domain`` exceeds the defensive input length limit.
+    """
+    if len(domain) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    from .uts46data import uts46_replacements, uts46_starts, uts46_statuses
+
+    output = ""
+
+    for pos, char in enumerate(domain):
+        code_point = ord(char)
+        i = code_point if code_point < 256 else bisect.bisect_right(uts46_starts, code_point) - 1
+        status = chr(uts46_statuses[i])
+        replacement: Optional[str] = uts46_replacements[i]
+
+        # UTS #46 §4: V is always valid, D is deviation (kept unless transitional),
+        # 3 is disallowed-STD3 (kept unmapped if std3_rules is off and no mapping).
+        keep_as_is = (
+            status == "V" or (status == "D" and not transitional) or (status == "3" and not std3_rules and replacement is None)
+        )
+        # M is mapped, 3-with-replacement and transitional D fall through to the
+        # same replacement output path.
+        use_replacement = replacement is not None and (
+            status == "M" or (status == "3" and not std3_rules) or (status == "D" and transitional)
+        )
+
+        if keep_as_is:
+            output += char
+        elif use_replacement:
+            assert replacement is not None  # narrowed by use_replacement
+            output += replacement
+        elif status == "I":
+            continue
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(f"Codepoint {_unot(code_point)} not allowed at position {pos + 1} in {domain!r}")
+
+    return unicodedata.normalize("NFC", output)
+
+
+def encode(
+    s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray],
+    strict: bool = False,
+    uts46: bool = False,
+    std3_rules: bool = False,
+    transitional: bool = False,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Encode a Unicode domain name into its ASCII (A-label) form.
+
+    Splits the input on label separators (only ``U+002E`` if ``strict`` is
+    set; otherwise also IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP ``U+3002``, FULLWIDTH FULL
+    STOP ``U+FF0E``, and HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP ``U+FF61``),
+    encodes each label with :func:`alabel`, and rejoins them with ``.``.
+    Optionally pre-processes the input through :func:`uts46_remap`.
+
+    :param s: The domain name to encode.
+    :param strict: If ``True``, only ``U+002E`` is recognised as a label
+        separator.
+    :param uts46: If ``True``, apply UTS #46 mapping before encoding.
+    :param std3_rules: Forwarded to :func:`uts46_remap` when ``uts46`` is
+        ``True``.
+    :param transitional: Forwarded to :func:`uts46_remap` when ``uts46``
+        is ``True``. Deprecated: emits a :class:`DeprecationWarning` and
+        will be removed in a future version.
+    :returns: The encoded domain as ASCII :class:`bytes`.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the domain is empty, contains an invalid label,
+        or exceeds the maximum domain length.
+    """
+    if transitional:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Transitional processing has been removed from UTS #46. "
+            "The transitional argument will be removed in a future version.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        try:
+            s = str(s, "ascii")
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, TypeError) as err:
+            raise IDNAError("should pass a unicode string to the function rather than a byte string.") from err
+    if len(s) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, transitional)
+
+    # Reject inputs that exceed the maximum DNS domain length up-front
+    # to avoid expensive computation on long inputs.
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot=True):
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    labels = s.split(".") if strict else _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == [""]:
+        raise IDNAError("Empty domain")
+    if labels[-1] == "":
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = alabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError("Empty label")
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append(b"")
+    s = b".".join(result)
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot):
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    return s
+
+
+def decode(
+    s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray],
+    strict: bool = False,
+    uts46: bool = False,
+    std3_rules: bool = False,
+    display: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Decode an A-label-encoded domain name back to Unicode.
+
+    Splits the input on label separators (see :func:`encode` for the
+    rules), decodes each label with :func:`ulabel`, and rejoins them
+    with ``.``. Optionally pre-processes the input through
+    :func:`uts46_remap`.
+
+    :param s: The domain name to decode.
+    :param strict: If ``True``, only ``U+002E`` is recognised as a label
+        separator.
+    :param uts46: If ``True``, apply UTS #46 mapping before decoding.
+    :param std3_rules: Forwarded to :func:`uts46_remap` when ``uts46`` is
+        ``True``.
+    :param display: If ``True``, any ``xn--`` label that fails IDNA
+        validation is passed through unchanged (lowercased) rather than
+        aborting the whole call. Intended for "decode for display"
+        consumers (e.g. URL libraries, HTTP clients) that want to show
+        the user the label as it appears on the wire when it cannot be
+        rendered as Unicode. Matches the per-label recovery prescribed
+        by UTS #46 §4 and the WHATWG URL "domain to Unicode" algorithm.
+    :returns: The decoded domain as a Unicode string.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the input is not valid ASCII, contains an
+        invalid label, or is empty.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        try:
+            s = str(s, "ascii")
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, TypeError) as err:
+            raise IDNAError("Invalid ASCII in A-label") from err
+    if len(s) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, False)
+    # Reject inputs that exceed the maximum DNS domain length up-front
+    # to avoid expensive computation on long inputs.
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot=True):
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    labels = s.split(".") if strict else _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == [""]:
+        raise IDNAError("Empty domain")
+    if not labels[-1]:
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        try:
+            u = ulabel(label)
+        except IDNAError:
+            if display and label[:4].lower() == "xn--":
+                u = label.lower()
+            else:
+                raise
+        if u:
+            result.append(u)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError("Empty label")
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append("")
+    return ".".join(result)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/idnadata.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/idnadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ab388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/idnadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1897 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+__version__ = "17.0.0"
+
+scripts = {
+    "Greek": (
+        0x37000000374,
+        0x37500000378,
+        0x37A0000037E,
+        0x37F00000380,
+        0x38400000385,
+        0x38600000387,
+        0x3880000038B,
+        0x38C0000038D,
+        0x38E000003A2,
+        0x3A3000003E2,
+        0x3F000000400,
+        0x1D2600001D2B,
+        0x1D5D00001D62,
+        0x1D6600001D6B,
+        0x1DBF00001DC0,
+        0x1F0000001F16,
+        0x1F1800001F1E,
+        0x1F2000001F46,
+        0x1F4800001F4E,
+        0x1F5000001F58,
+        0x1F5900001F5A,
+        0x1F5B00001F5C,
+        0x1F5D00001F5E,
+        0x1F5F00001F7E,
+        0x1F8000001FB5,
+        0x1FB600001FC5,
+        0x1FC600001FD4,
+        0x1FD600001FDC,
+        0x1FDD00001FF0,
+        0x1FF200001FF5,
+        0x1FF600001FFF,
+        0x212600002127,
+        0xAB650000AB66,
+        0x101400001018F,
+        0x101A0000101A1,
+        0x1D2000001D246,
+    ),
+    "Han": (
+        0x2E8000002E9A,
+        0x2E9B00002EF4,
+        0x2F0000002FD6,
+        0x300500003006,
+        0x300700003008,
+        0x30210000302A,
+        0x30380000303C,
+        0x340000004DC0,
+        0x4E000000A000,
+        0xF9000000FA6E,
+        0xFA700000FADA,
+        0x16FE200016FE4,
+        0x16FF000016FF7,
+        0x200000002A6E0,
+        0x2A7000002B81E,
+        0x2B8200002CEAE,
+        0x2CEB00002EBE1,
+        0x2EBF00002EE5E,
+        0x2F8000002FA1E,
+        0x300000003134B,
+        0x313500003347A,
+    ),
+    "Hebrew": (
+        0x591000005C8,
+        0x5D0000005EB,
+        0x5EF000005F5,
+        0xFB1D0000FB37,
+        0xFB380000FB3D,
+        0xFB3E0000FB3F,
+        0xFB400000FB42,
+        0xFB430000FB45,
+        0xFB460000FB50,
+    ),
+    "Hiragana": (
+        0x304100003097,
+        0x309D000030A0,
+        0x1B0010001B120,
+        0x1B1320001B133,
+        0x1B1500001B153,
+        0x1F2000001F201,
+    ),
+    "Katakana": (
+        0x30A1000030FB,
+        0x30FD00003100,
+        0x31F000003200,
+        0x32D0000032FF,
+        0x330000003358,
+        0xFF660000FF70,
+        0xFF710000FF9E,
+        0x1AFF00001AFF4,
+        0x1AFF50001AFFC,
+        0x1AFFD0001AFFF,
+        0x1B0000001B001,
+        0x1B1200001B123,
+        0x1B1550001B156,
+        0x1B1640001B168,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+joining_types = {
+    "C": (
+        0x64000000641,
+        0x7FA000007FB,
+        0x88300000886,
+        0x180A0000180B,
+        0x200D0000200E,
+    ),
+    "D": (
+        0x62000000621,
+        0x62600000627,
+        0x62800000629,
+        0x62A0000062F,
+        0x63300000640,
+        0x64100000648,
+        0x6490000064B,
+        0x66E00000670,
+        0x67800000688,
+        0x69A000006C0,
+        0x6C1000006C3,
+        0x6CC000006CD,
+        0x6CE000006CF,
+        0x6D0000006D2,
+        0x6FA000006FD,
+        0x6FF00000700,
+        0x71200000715,
+        0x71A0000071E,
+        0x71F00000728,
+        0x7290000072A,
+        0x72B0000072C,
+        0x72D0000072F,
+        0x74E00000759,
+        0x75C0000076B,
+        0x76D00000771,
+        0x77200000773,
+        0x77500000778,
+        0x77A00000780,
+        0x7CA000007EB,
+        0x84100000846,
+        0x84800000849,
+        0x84A00000854,
+        0x85500000856,
+        0x86000000861,
+        0x86200000866,
+        0x86800000869,
+        0x88600000887,
+        0x8890000088E,
+        0x88F00000890,
+        0x8A0000008AA,
+        0x8AF000008B1,
+        0x8B3000008B9,
+        0x8BA000008C9,
+        0x180700001808,
+        0x182000001879,
+        0x1887000018A9,
+        0x18AA000018AB,
+        0xA8400000A872,
+        0x10AC000010AC5,
+        0x10AD300010AD7,
+        0x10AD800010ADD,
+        0x10ADE00010AE1,
+        0x10AEB00010AEF,
+        0x10B8000010B81,
+        0x10B8200010B83,
+        0x10B8600010B89,
+        0x10B8A00010B8C,
+        0x10B8D00010B8E,
+        0x10B9000010B91,
+        0x10BAD00010BAF,
+        0x10D0100010D22,
+        0x10D2300010D24,
+        0x10EC300010EC5,
+        0x10EC600010EC8,
+        0x10F3000010F33,
+        0x10F3400010F45,
+        0x10F5100010F54,
+        0x10F7000010F74,
+        0x10F7600010F82,
+        0x10FB000010FB1,
+        0x10FB200010FB4,
+        0x10FB800010FB9,
+        0x10FBB00010FBD,
+        0x10FBE00010FC0,
+        0x10FC100010FC2,
+        0x10FC400010FC5,
+        0x10FCA00010FCB,
+        0x1E9000001E944,
+    ),
+    "L": (
+        0xA8720000A873,
+        0x10ACD00010ACE,
+        0x10AD700010AD8,
+        0x10D0000010D01,
+        0x10FCB00010FCC,
+    ),
+    "R": (
+        0x62200000626,
+        0x62700000628,
+        0x6290000062A,
+        0x62F00000633,
+        0x64800000649,
+        0x67100000674,
+        0x67500000678,
+        0x6880000069A,
+        0x6C0000006C1,
+        0x6C3000006CC,
+        0x6CD000006CE,
+        0x6CF000006D0,
+        0x6D2000006D4,
+        0x6D5000006D6,
+        0x6EE000006F0,
+        0x71000000711,
+        0x7150000071A,
+        0x71E0000071F,
+        0x72800000729,
+        0x72A0000072B,
+        0x72C0000072D,
+        0x72F00000730,
+        0x74D0000074E,
+        0x7590000075C,
+        0x76B0000076D,
+        0x77100000772,
+        0x77300000775,
+        0x7780000077A,
+        0x84000000841,
+        0x84600000848,
+        0x8490000084A,
+        0x85400000855,
+        0x85600000859,
+        0x86700000868,
+        0x8690000086B,
+        0x87000000883,
+        0x88E0000088F,
+        0x8AA000008AD,
+        0x8AE000008AF,
+        0x8B1000008B3,
+        0x8B9000008BA,
+        0x10AC500010AC6,
+        0x10AC700010AC8,
+        0x10AC900010ACB,
+        0x10ACE00010AD3,
+        0x10ADD00010ADE,
+        0x10AE100010AE2,
+        0x10AE400010AE5,
+        0x10AEF00010AF0,
+        0x10B8100010B82,
+        0x10B8300010B86,
+        0x10B8900010B8A,
+        0x10B8C00010B8D,
+        0x10B8E00010B90,
+        0x10B9100010B92,
+        0x10BA900010BAD,
+        0x10D2200010D23,
+        0x10EC200010EC3,
+        0x10F3300010F34,
+        0x10F5400010F55,
+        0x10F7400010F76,
+        0x10FB400010FB7,
+        0x10FB900010FBB,
+        0x10FBD00010FBE,
+        0x10FC200010FC4,
+        0x10FC900010FCA,
+    ),
+    "T": (
+        0xAD000000AE,
+        0x30000000370,
+        0x4830000048A,
+        0x591000005BE,
+        0x5BF000005C0,
+        0x5C1000005C3,
+        0x5C4000005C6,
+        0x5C7000005C8,
+        0x6100000061B,
+        0x61C0000061D,
+        0x64B00000660,
+        0x67000000671,
+        0x6D6000006DD,
+        0x6DF000006E5,
+        0x6E7000006E9,
+        0x6EA000006EE,
+        0x70F00000710,
+        0x71100000712,
+        0x7300000074B,
+        0x7A6000007B1,
+        0x7EB000007F4,
+        0x7FD000007FE,
+        0x8160000081A,
+        0x81B00000824,
+        0x82500000828,
+        0x8290000082E,
+        0x8590000085C,
+        0x897000008A0,
+        0x8CA000008E2,
+        0x8E300000903,
+        0x93A0000093B,
+        0x93C0000093D,
+        0x94100000949,
+        0x94D0000094E,
+        0x95100000958,
+        0x96200000964,
+        0x98100000982,
+        0x9BC000009BD,
+        0x9C1000009C5,
+        0x9CD000009CE,
+        0x9E2000009E4,
+        0x9FE000009FF,
+        0xA0100000A03,
+        0xA3C00000A3D,
+        0xA4100000A43,
+        0xA4700000A49,
+        0xA4B00000A4E,
+        0xA5100000A52,
+        0xA7000000A72,
+        0xA7500000A76,
+        0xA8100000A83,
+        0xABC00000ABD,
+        0xAC100000AC6,
+        0xAC700000AC9,
+        0xACD00000ACE,
+        0xAE200000AE4,
+        0xAFA00000B00,
+        0xB0100000B02,
+        0xB3C00000B3D,
+        0xB3F00000B40,
+        0xB4100000B45,
+        0xB4D00000B4E,
+        0xB5500000B57,
+        0xB6200000B64,
+        0xB8200000B83,
+        0xBC000000BC1,
+        0xBCD00000BCE,
+        0xC0000000C01,
+        0xC0400000C05,
+        0xC3C00000C3D,
+        0xC3E00000C41,
+        0xC4600000C49,
+        0xC4A00000C4E,
+        0xC5500000C57,
+        0xC6200000C64,
+        0xC8100000C82,
+        0xCBC00000CBD,
+        0xCBF00000CC0,
+        0xCC600000CC7,
+        0xCCC00000CCE,
+        0xCE200000CE4,
+        0xD0000000D02,
+        0xD3B00000D3D,
+        0xD4100000D45,
+        0xD4D00000D4E,
+        0xD6200000D64,
+        0xD8100000D82,
+        0xDCA00000DCB,
+        0xDD200000DD5,
+        0xDD600000DD7,
+        0xE3100000E32,
+        0xE3400000E3B,
+        0xE4700000E4F,
+        0xEB100000EB2,
+        0xEB400000EBD,
+        0xEC800000ECF,
+        0xF1800000F1A,
+        0xF3500000F36,
+        0xF3700000F38,
+        0xF3900000F3A,
+        0xF7100000F7F,
+        0xF8000000F85,
+        0xF8600000F88,
+        0xF8D00000F98,
+        0xF9900000FBD,
+        0xFC600000FC7,
+        0x102D00001031,
+        0x103200001038,
+        0x10390000103B,
+        0x103D0000103F,
+        0x10580000105A,
+        0x105E00001061,
+        0x107100001075,
+        0x108200001083,
+        0x108500001087,
+        0x108D0000108E,
+        0x109D0000109E,
+        0x135D00001360,
+        0x171200001715,
+        0x173200001734,
+        0x175200001754,
+        0x177200001774,
+        0x17B4000017B6,
+        0x17B7000017BE,
+        0x17C6000017C7,
+        0x17C9000017D4,
+        0x17DD000017DE,
+        0x180B0000180E,
+        0x180F00001810,
+        0x188500001887,
+        0x18A9000018AA,
+        0x192000001923,
+        0x192700001929,
+        0x193200001933,
+        0x19390000193C,
+        0x1A1700001A19,
+        0x1A1B00001A1C,
+        0x1A5600001A57,
+        0x1A5800001A5F,
+        0x1A6000001A61,
+        0x1A6200001A63,
+        0x1A6500001A6D,
+        0x1A7300001A7D,
+        0x1A7F00001A80,
+        0x1AB000001ADE,
+        0x1AE000001AEC,
+        0x1B0000001B04,
+        0x1B3400001B35,
+        0x1B3600001B3B,
+        0x1B3C00001B3D,
+        0x1B4200001B43,
+        0x1B6B00001B74,
+        0x1B8000001B82,
+        0x1BA200001BA6,
+        0x1BA800001BAA,
+        0x1BAB00001BAE,
+        0x1BE600001BE7,
+        0x1BE800001BEA,
+        0x1BED00001BEE,
+        0x1BEF00001BF2,
+        0x1C2C00001C34,
+        0x1C3600001C38,
+        0x1CD000001CD3,
+        0x1CD400001CE1,
+        0x1CE200001CE9,
+        0x1CED00001CEE,
+        0x1CF400001CF5,
+        0x1CF800001CFA,
+        0x1DC000001E00,
+        0x200B0000200C,
+        0x200E00002010,
+        0x202A0000202F,
+        0x206000002065,
+        0x206A00002070,
+        0x20D0000020F1,
+        0x2CEF00002CF2,
+        0x2D7F00002D80,
+        0x2DE000002E00,
+        0x302A0000302E,
+        0x30990000309B,
+        0xA66F0000A673,
+        0xA6740000A67E,
+        0xA69E0000A6A0,
+        0xA6F00000A6F2,
+        0xA8020000A803,
+        0xA8060000A807,
+        0xA80B0000A80C,
+        0xA8250000A827,
+        0xA82C0000A82D,
+        0xA8C40000A8C6,
+        0xA8E00000A8F2,
+        0xA8FF0000A900,
+        0xA9260000A92E,
+        0xA9470000A952,
+        0xA9800000A983,
+        0xA9B30000A9B4,
+        0xA9B60000A9BA,
+        0xA9BC0000A9BE,
+        0xA9E50000A9E6,
+        0xAA290000AA2F,
+        0xAA310000AA33,
+        0xAA350000AA37,
+        0xAA430000AA44,
+        0xAA4C0000AA4D,
+        0xAA7C0000AA7D,
+        0xAAB00000AAB1,
+        0xAAB20000AAB5,
+        0xAAB70000AAB9,
+        0xAABE0000AAC0,
+        0xAAC10000AAC2,
+        0xAAEC0000AAEE,
+        0xAAF60000AAF7,
+        0xABE50000ABE6,
+        0xABE80000ABE9,
+        0xABED0000ABEE,
+        0xFB1E0000FB1F,
+        0xFE000000FE10,
+        0xFE200000FE30,
+        0xFEFF0000FF00,
+        0xFFF90000FFFC,
+        0x101FD000101FE,
+        0x102E0000102E1,
+        0x103760001037B,
+        0x10A0100010A04,
+        0x10A0500010A07,
+        0x10A0C00010A10,
+        0x10A3800010A3B,
+        0x10A3F00010A40,
+        0x10AE500010AE7,
+        0x10D2400010D28,
+        0x10D6900010D6E,
+        0x10EAB00010EAD,
+        0x10EFA00010F00,
+        0x10F4600010F51,
+        0x10F8200010F86,
+        0x1100100011002,
+        0x1103800011047,
+        0x1107000011071,
+        0x1107300011075,
+        0x1107F00011082,
+        0x110B3000110B7,
+        0x110B9000110BB,
+        0x110C2000110C3,
+        0x1110000011103,
+        0x111270001112C,
+        0x1112D00011135,
+        0x1117300011174,
+        0x1118000011182,
+        0x111B6000111BF,
+        0x111C9000111CD,
+        0x111CF000111D0,
+        0x1122F00011232,
+        0x1123400011235,
+        0x1123600011238,
+        0x1123E0001123F,
+        0x1124100011242,
+        0x112DF000112E0,
+        0x112E3000112EB,
+        0x1130000011302,
+        0x1133B0001133D,
+        0x1134000011341,
+        0x113660001136D,
+        0x1137000011375,
+        0x113BB000113C1,
+        0x113CE000113CF,
+        0x113D0000113D1,
+        0x113D2000113D3,
+        0x113E1000113E3,
+        0x1143800011440,
+        0x1144200011445,
+        0x1144600011447,
+        0x1145E0001145F,
+        0x114B3000114B9,
+        0x114BA000114BB,
+        0x114BF000114C1,
+        0x114C2000114C4,
+        0x115B2000115B6,
+        0x115BC000115BE,
+        0x115BF000115C1,
+        0x115DC000115DE,
+        0x116330001163B,
+        0x1163D0001163E,
+        0x1163F00011641,
+        0x116AB000116AC,
+        0x116AD000116AE,
+        0x116B0000116B6,
+        0x116B7000116B8,
+        0x1171D0001171E,
+        0x1171F00011720,
+        0x1172200011726,
+        0x117270001172C,
+        0x1182F00011838,
+        0x118390001183B,
+        0x1193B0001193D,
+        0x1193E0001193F,
+        0x1194300011944,
+        0x119D4000119D8,
+        0x119DA000119DC,
+        0x119E0000119E1,
+        0x11A0100011A0B,
+        0x11A3300011A39,
+        0x11A3B00011A3F,
+        0x11A4700011A48,
+        0x11A5100011A57,
+        0x11A5900011A5C,
+        0x11A8A00011A97,
+        0x11A9800011A9A,
+        0x11B6000011B61,
+        0x11B6200011B65,
+        0x11B6600011B67,
+        0x11C3000011C37,
+        0x11C3800011C3E,
+        0x11C3F00011C40,
+        0x11C9200011CA8,
+        0x11CAA00011CB1,
+        0x11CB200011CB4,
+        0x11CB500011CB7,
+        0x11D3100011D37,
+        0x11D3A00011D3B,
+        0x11D3C00011D3E,
+        0x11D3F00011D46,
+        0x11D4700011D48,
+        0x11D9000011D92,
+        0x11D9500011D96,
+        0x11D9700011D98,
+        0x11EF300011EF5,
+        0x11F0000011F02,
+        0x11F3600011F3B,
+        0x11F4000011F41,
+        0x11F4200011F43,
+        0x11F5A00011F5B,
+        0x1343000013441,
+        0x1344700013456,
+        0x1611E0001612A,
+        0x1612D00016130,
+        0x16AF000016AF5,
+        0x16B3000016B37,
+        0x16F4F00016F50,
+        0x16F8F00016F93,
+        0x16FE400016FE5,
+        0x1BC9D0001BC9F,
+        0x1BCA00001BCA4,
+        0x1CF000001CF2E,
+        0x1CF300001CF47,
+        0x1D1670001D16A,
+        0x1D1730001D183,
+        0x1D1850001D18C,
+        0x1D1AA0001D1AE,
+        0x1D2420001D245,
+        0x1DA000001DA37,
+        0x1DA3B0001DA6D,
+        0x1DA750001DA76,
+        0x1DA840001DA85,
+        0x1DA9B0001DAA0,
+        0x1DAA10001DAB0,
+        0x1E0000001E007,
+        0x1E0080001E019,
+        0x1E01B0001E022,
+        0x1E0230001E025,
+        0x1E0260001E02B,
+        0x1E08F0001E090,
+        0x1E1300001E137,
+        0x1E2AE0001E2AF,
+        0x1E2EC0001E2F0,
+        0x1E4EC0001E4F0,
+        0x1E5EE0001E5F0,
+        0x1E6E30001E6E4,
+        0x1E6E60001E6E7,
+        0x1E6EE0001E6F0,
+        0x1E6F50001E6F6,
+        0x1E8D00001E8D7,
+        0x1E9440001E94C,
+        0xE0001000E0002,
+        0xE0020000E0080,
+        0xE0100000E01F0,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+codepoint_classes = {
+    "PVALID": (
+        0x2D0000002E,
+        0x300000003A,
+        0x610000007B,
+        0xDF000000F7,
+        0xF800000100,
+        0x10100000102,
+        0x10300000104,
+        0x10500000106,
+        0x10700000108,
+        0x1090000010A,
+        0x10B0000010C,
+        0x10D0000010E,
+        0x10F00000110,
+        0x11100000112,
+        0x11300000114,
+        0x11500000116,
+        0x11700000118,
+        0x1190000011A,
+        0x11B0000011C,
+        0x11D0000011E,
+        0x11F00000120,
+        0x12100000122,
+        0x12300000124,
+        0x12500000126,
+        0x12700000128,
+        0x1290000012A,
+        0x12B0000012C,
+        0x12D0000012E,
+        0x12F00000130,
+        0x13100000132,
+        0x13500000136,
+        0x13700000139,
+        0x13A0000013B,
+        0x13C0000013D,
+        0x13E0000013F,
+        0x14200000143,
+        0x14400000145,
+        0x14600000147,
+        0x14800000149,
+        0x14B0000014C,
+        0x14D0000014E,
+        0x14F00000150,
+        0x15100000152,
+        0x15300000154,
+        0x15500000156,
+        0x15700000158,
+        0x1590000015A,
+        0x15B0000015C,
+        0x15D0000015E,
+        0x15F00000160,
+        0x16100000162,
+        0x16300000164,
+        0x16500000166,
+        0x16700000168,
+        0x1690000016A,
+        0x16B0000016C,
+        0x16D0000016E,
+        0x16F00000170,
+        0x17100000172,
+        0x17300000174,
+        0x17500000176,
+        0x17700000178,
+        0x17A0000017B,
+        0x17C0000017D,
+        0x17E0000017F,
+        0x18000000181,
+        0x18300000184,
+        0x18500000186,
+        0x18800000189,
+        0x18C0000018E,
+        0x19200000193,
+        0x19500000196,
+        0x1990000019C,
+        0x19E0000019F,
+        0x1A1000001A2,
+        0x1A3000001A4,
+        0x1A5000001A6,
+        0x1A8000001A9,
+        0x1AA000001AC,
+        0x1AD000001AE,
+        0x1B0000001B1,
+        0x1B4000001B5,
+        0x1B6000001B7,
+        0x1B9000001BC,
+        0x1BD000001C4,
+        0x1CE000001CF,
+        0x1D0000001D1,
+        0x1D2000001D3,
+        0x1D4000001D5,
+        0x1D6000001D7,
+        0x1D8000001D9,
+        0x1DA000001DB,
+        0x1DC000001DE,
+        0x1DF000001E0,
+        0x1E1000001E2,
+        0x1E3000001E4,
+        0x1E5000001E6,
+        0x1E7000001E8,
+        0x1E9000001EA,
+        0x1EB000001EC,
+        0x1ED000001EE,
+        0x1EF000001F1,
+        0x1F5000001F6,
+        0x1F9000001FA,
+        0x1FB000001FC,
+        0x1FD000001FE,
+        0x1FF00000200,
+        0x20100000202,
+        0x20300000204,
+        0x20500000206,
+        0x20700000208,
+        0x2090000020A,
+        0x20B0000020C,
+        0x20D0000020E,
+        0x20F00000210,
+        0x21100000212,
+        0x21300000214,
+        0x21500000216,
+        0x21700000218,
+        0x2190000021A,
+        0x21B0000021C,
+        0x21D0000021E,
+        0x21F00000220,
+        0x22100000222,
+        0x22300000224,
+        0x22500000226,
+        0x22700000228,
+        0x2290000022A,
+        0x22B0000022C,
+        0x22D0000022E,
+        0x22F00000230,
+        0x23100000232,
+        0x2330000023A,
+        0x23C0000023D,
+        0x23F00000241,
+        0x24200000243,
+        0x24700000248,
+        0x2490000024A,
+        0x24B0000024C,
+        0x24D0000024E,
+        0x24F000002B0,
+        0x2B9000002C2,
+        0x2C6000002D2,
+        0x2EC000002ED,
+        0x2EE000002EF,
+        0x30000000340,
+        0x34200000343,
+        0x3460000034F,
+        0x35000000370,
+        0x37100000372,
+        0x37300000374,
+        0x37700000378,
+        0x37B0000037E,
+        0x39000000391,
+        0x3AC000003CF,
+        0x3D7000003D8,
+        0x3D9000003DA,
+        0x3DB000003DC,
+        0x3DD000003DE,
+        0x3DF000003E0,
+        0x3E1000003E2,
+        0x3E3000003E4,
+        0x3E5000003E6,
+        0x3E7000003E8,
+        0x3E9000003EA,
+        0x3EB000003EC,
+        0x3ED000003EE,
+        0x3EF000003F0,
+        0x3F3000003F4,
+        0x3F8000003F9,
+        0x3FB000003FD,
+        0x43000000460,
+        0x46100000462,
+        0x46300000464,
+        0x46500000466,
+        0x46700000468,
+        0x4690000046A,
+        0x46B0000046C,
+        0x46D0000046E,
+        0x46F00000470,
+        0x47100000472,
+        0x47300000474,
+        0x47500000476,
+        0x47700000478,
+        0x4790000047A,
+        0x47B0000047C,
+        0x47D0000047E,
+        0x47F00000480,
+        0x48100000482,
+        0x48300000488,
+        0x48B0000048C,
+        0x48D0000048E,
+        0x48F00000490,
+        0x49100000492,
+        0x49300000494,
+        0x49500000496,
+        0x49700000498,
+        0x4990000049A,
+        0x49B0000049C,
+        0x49D0000049E,
+        0x49F000004A0,
+        0x4A1000004A2,
+        0x4A3000004A4,
+        0x4A5000004A6,
+        0x4A7000004A8,
+        0x4A9000004AA,
+        0x4AB000004AC,
+        0x4AD000004AE,
+        0x4AF000004B0,
+        0x4B1000004B2,
+        0x4B3000004B4,
+        0x4B5000004B6,
+        0x4B7000004B8,
+        0x4B9000004BA,
+        0x4BB000004BC,
+        0x4BD000004BE,
+        0x4BF000004C0,
+        0x4C2000004C3,
+        0x4C4000004C5,
+        0x4C6000004C7,
+        0x4C8000004C9,
+        0x4CA000004CB,
+        0x4CC000004CD,
+        0x4CE000004D0,
+        0x4D1000004D2,
+        0x4D3000004D4,
+        0x4D5000004D6,
+        0x4D7000004D8,
+        0x4D9000004DA,
+        0x4DB000004DC,
+        0x4DD000004DE,
+        0x4DF000004E0,
+        0x4E1000004E2,
+        0x4E3000004E4,
+        0x4E5000004E6,
+        0x4E7000004E8,
+        0x4E9000004EA,
+        0x4EB000004EC,
+        0x4ED000004EE,
+        0x4EF000004F0,
+        0x4F1000004F2,
+        0x4F3000004F4,
+        0x4F5000004F6,
+        0x4F7000004F8,
+        0x4F9000004FA,
+        0x4FB000004FC,
+        0x4FD000004FE,
+        0x4FF00000500,
+        0x50100000502,
+        0x50300000504,
+        0x50500000506,
+        0x50700000508,
+        0x5090000050A,
+        0x50B0000050C,
+        0x50D0000050E,
+        0x50F00000510,
+        0x51100000512,
+        0x51300000514,
+        0x51500000516,
+        0x51700000518,
+        0x5190000051A,
+        0x51B0000051C,
+        0x51D0000051E,
+        0x51F00000520,
+        0x52100000522,
+        0x52300000524,
+        0x52500000526,
+        0x52700000528,
+        0x5290000052A,
+        0x52B0000052C,
+        0x52D0000052E,
+        0x52F00000530,
+        0x5590000055A,
+        0x56000000587,
+        0x58800000589,
+        0x591000005BE,
+        0x5BF000005C0,
+        0x5C1000005C3,
+        0x5C4000005C6,
+        0x5C7000005C8,
+        0x5D0000005EB,
+        0x5EF000005F3,
+        0x6100000061B,
+        0x62000000640,
+        0x64100000660,
+        0x66E00000675,
+        0x679000006D4,
+        0x6D5000006DD,
+        0x6DF000006E9,
+        0x6EA000006F0,
+        0x6FA00000700,
+        0x7100000074B,
+        0x74D000007B2,
+        0x7C0000007F6,
+        0x7FD000007FE,
+        0x8000000082E,
+        0x8400000085C,
+        0x8600000086B,
+        0x87000000888,
+        0x88900000890,
+        0x897000008E2,
+        0x8E300000958,
+        0x96000000964,
+        0x96600000970,
+        0x97100000984,
+        0x9850000098D,
+        0x98F00000991,
+        0x993000009A9,
+        0x9AA000009B1,
+        0x9B2000009B3,
+        0x9B6000009BA,
+        0x9BC000009C5,
+        0x9C7000009C9,
+        0x9CB000009CF,
+        0x9D7000009D8,
+        0x9E0000009E4,
+        0x9E6000009F2,
+        0x9FC000009FD,
+        0x9FE000009FF,
+        0xA0100000A04,
+        0xA0500000A0B,
+        0xA0F00000A11,
+        0xA1300000A29,
+        0xA2A00000A31,
+        0xA3200000A33,
+        0xA3500000A36,
+        0xA3800000A3A,
+        0xA3C00000A3D,
+        0xA3E00000A43,
+        0xA4700000A49,
+        0xA4B00000A4E,
+        0xA5100000A52,
+        0xA5C00000A5D,
+        0xA6600000A76,
+        0xA8100000A84,
+        0xA8500000A8E,
+        0xA8F00000A92,
+        0xA9300000AA9,
+        0xAAA00000AB1,
+        0xAB200000AB4,
+        0xAB500000ABA,
+        0xABC00000AC6,
+        0xAC700000ACA,
+        0xACB00000ACE,
+        0xAD000000AD1,
+        0xAE000000AE4,
+        0xAE600000AF0,
+        0xAF900000B00,
+        0xB0100000B04,
+        0xB0500000B0D,
+        0xB0F00000B11,
+        0xB1300000B29,
+        0xB2A00000B31,
+        0xB3200000B34,
+        0xB3500000B3A,
+        0xB3C00000B45,
+        0xB4700000B49,
+        0xB4B00000B4E,
+        0xB5500000B58,
+        0xB5F00000B64,
+        0xB6600000B70,
+        0xB7100000B72,
+        0xB8200000B84,
+        0xB8500000B8B,
+        0xB8E00000B91,
+        0xB9200000B96,
+        0xB9900000B9B,
+        0xB9C00000B9D,
+        0xB9E00000BA0,
+        0xBA300000BA5,
+        0xBA800000BAB,
+        0xBAE00000BBA,
+        0xBBE00000BC3,
+        0xBC600000BC9,
+        0xBCA00000BCE,
+        0xBD000000BD1,
+        0xBD700000BD8,
+        0xBE600000BF0,
+        0xC0000000C0D,
+        0xC0E00000C11,
+        0xC1200000C29,
+        0xC2A00000C3A,
+        0xC3C00000C45,
+        0xC4600000C49,
+        0xC4A00000C4E,
+        0xC5500000C57,
+        0xC5800000C5B,
+        0xC5C00000C5E,
+        0xC6000000C64,
+        0xC6600000C70,
+        0xC8000000C84,
+        0xC8500000C8D,
+        0xC8E00000C91,
+        0xC9200000CA9,
+        0xCAA00000CB4,
+        0xCB500000CBA,
+        0xCBC00000CC5,
+        0xCC600000CC9,
+        0xCCA00000CCE,
+        0xCD500000CD7,
+        0xCDC00000CDF,
+        0xCE000000CE4,
+        0xCE600000CF0,
+        0xCF100000CF4,
+        0xD0000000D0D,
+        0xD0E00000D11,
+        0xD1200000D45,
+        0xD4600000D49,
+        0xD4A00000D4F,
+        0xD5400000D58,
+        0xD5F00000D64,
+        0xD6600000D70,
+        0xD7A00000D80,
+        0xD8100000D84,
+        0xD8500000D97,
+        0xD9A00000DB2,
+        0xDB300000DBC,
+        0xDBD00000DBE,
+        0xDC000000DC7,
+        0xDCA00000DCB,
+        0xDCF00000DD5,
+        0xDD600000DD7,
+        0xDD800000DE0,
+        0xDE600000DF0,
+        0xDF200000DF4,
+        0xE0100000E33,
+        0xE3400000E3B,
+        0xE4000000E4F,
+        0xE5000000E5A,
+        0xE8100000E83,
+        0xE8400000E85,
+        0xE8600000E8B,
+        0xE8C00000EA4,
+        0xEA500000EA6,
+        0xEA700000EB3,
+        0xEB400000EBE,
+        0xEC000000EC5,
+        0xEC600000EC7,
+        0xEC800000ECF,
+        0xED000000EDA,
+        0xEDE00000EE0,
+        0xF0000000F01,
+        0xF0B00000F0C,
+        0xF1800000F1A,
+        0xF2000000F2A,
+        0xF3500000F36,
+        0xF3700000F38,
+        0xF3900000F3A,
+        0xF3E00000F43,
+        0xF4400000F48,
+        0xF4900000F4D,
+        0xF4E00000F52,
+        0xF5300000F57,
+        0xF5800000F5C,
+        0xF5D00000F69,
+        0xF6A00000F6D,
+        0xF7100000F73,
+        0xF7400000F75,
+        0xF7A00000F81,
+        0xF8200000F85,
+        0xF8600000F93,
+        0xF9400000F98,
+        0xF9900000F9D,
+        0xF9E00000FA2,
+        0xFA300000FA7,
+        0xFA800000FAC,
+        0xFAD00000FB9,
+        0xFBA00000FBD,
+        0xFC600000FC7,
+        0x10000000104A,
+        0x10500000109E,
+        0x10D0000010FB,
+        0x10FD00001100,
+        0x120000001249,
+        0x124A0000124E,
+        0x125000001257,
+        0x125800001259,
+        0x125A0000125E,
+        0x126000001289,
+        0x128A0000128E,
+        0x1290000012B1,
+        0x12B2000012B6,
+        0x12B8000012BF,
+        0x12C0000012C1,
+        0x12C2000012C6,
+        0x12C8000012D7,
+        0x12D800001311,
+        0x131200001316,
+        0x13180000135B,
+        0x135D00001360,
+        0x138000001390,
+        0x13A0000013F6,
+        0x14010000166D,
+        0x166F00001680,
+        0x16810000169B,
+        0x16A0000016EB,
+        0x16F1000016F9,
+        0x170000001716,
+        0x171F00001735,
+        0x174000001754,
+        0x17600000176D,
+        0x176E00001771,
+        0x177200001774,
+        0x1780000017B4,
+        0x17B6000017D4,
+        0x17D7000017D8,
+        0x17DC000017DE,
+        0x17E0000017EA,
+        0x18100000181A,
+        0x182000001879,
+        0x1880000018AB,
+        0x18B0000018F6,
+        0x19000000191F,
+        0x19200000192C,
+        0x19300000193C,
+        0x19460000196E,
+        0x197000001975,
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+        0x1248000012544,
+        0x12F9000012FF1,
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+        0x16FF000016FF4,
+        0x1700000018CD6,
+        0x18CFF00018D1F,
+        0x18D8000018DF3,
+        0x1AFF00001AFF4,
+        0x1AFF50001AFFC,
+        0x1AFFD0001AFFF,
+        0x1B0000001B123,
+        0x1B1320001B133,
+        0x1B1500001B153,
+        0x1B1550001B156,
+        0x1B1640001B168,
+        0x1B1700001B2FC,
+        0x1BC000001BC6B,
+        0x1BC700001BC7D,
+        0x1BC800001BC89,
+        0x1BC900001BC9A,
+        0x1BC9D0001BC9F,
+        0x1CF000001CF2E,
+        0x1CF300001CF47,
+        0x1DA000001DA37,
+        0x1DA3B0001DA6D,
+        0x1DA750001DA76,
+        0x1DA840001DA85,
+        0x1DA9B0001DAA0,
+        0x1DAA10001DAB0,
+        0x1DF000001DF1F,
+        0x1DF250001DF2B,
+        0x1E0000001E007,
+        0x1E0080001E019,
+        0x1E01B0001E022,
+        0x1E0230001E025,
+        0x1E0260001E02B,
+        0x1E08F0001E090,
+        0x1E1000001E12D,
+        0x1E1300001E13E,
+        0x1E1400001E14A,
+        0x1E14E0001E14F,
+        0x1E2900001E2AF,
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+        0x1E6E00001E6F6,
+        0x1E6FE0001E700,
+        0x1E7E00001E7E7,
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+        0x1E7F00001E7FF,
+        0x1E8000001E8C5,
+        0x1E8D00001E8D7,
+        0x1E9220001E94C,
+        0x1E9500001E95A,
+        0x200000002A6E0,
+        0x2A7000002B81E,
+        0x2B8200002CEAE,
+        0x2CEB00002EBE1,
+        0x2EBF00002EE5E,
+        0x300000003134B,
+        0x313500003347A,
+    ),
+    "CONTEXTJ": (0x200C0000200E,),
+    "CONTEXTO": (
+        0xB7000000B8,
+        0x37500000376,
+        0x5F3000005F5,
+        0x6600000066A,
+        0x6F0000006FA,
+        0x30FB000030FC,
+    ),
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/intranges.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/intranges.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19d7781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/intranges.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""
+Given a list of integers, made up of (hopefully) a small number of long runs
+of consecutive integers, compute a representation of the form
+((start1, end1), (start2, end2) ...). Then answer the question "was x present
+in the original list?" in time O(log(# runs)).
+"""
+
+import bisect
+
+
+def intranges_from_list(list_: list[int]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Represent a list of integers as a sequence of ranges:
+    ((start_0, end_0), (start_1, end_1), ...), such that the original
+    integers are exactly those x such that start_i <= x < end_i for some i.
+
+    Ranges are encoded as single integers (start << 32 | end), not as tuples.
+    """
+
+    sorted_list = sorted(list_)
+    ranges = []
+    last_write = -1
+    for i in range(len(sorted_list)):
+        if i + 1 < len(sorted_list) and sorted_list[i] == sorted_list[i + 1] - 1:
+            continue
+        current_range = sorted_list[last_write + 1 : i + 1]
+        ranges.append(_encode_range(current_range[0], current_range[-1] + 1))
+        last_write = i
+
+    return tuple(ranges)
+
+
+def _encode_range(start: int, end: int) -> int:
+    return (start << 32) | end
+
+
+def _decode_range(r: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    return (r >> 32), (r & ((1 << 32) - 1))
+
+
+def intranges_contain(int_: int, ranges: tuple[int, ...]) -> bool:
+    """Determine if `int_` falls into one of the ranges in `ranges`."""
+    tuple_ = _encode_range(int_, 0)
+    pos = bisect.bisect_left(ranges, tuple_)
+    # we could be immediately ahead of a tuple (start, end)
+    # with start < int_ <= end
+    if pos > 0:
+        left, right = _decode_range(ranges[pos - 1])
+        if left <= int_ < right:
+            return True
+    # or we could be immediately behind a tuple (int_, end)
+    if pos < len(ranges):
+        left, _ = _decode_range(ranges[pos])
+        if left == int_:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/package_data.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/package_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94e4039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/package_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "3.18"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/uts46data.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/uts46data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d931f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/uts46data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16896 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+from array import array
+from typing import Optional
+
+"""IDNA Mapping Table from UTS46."""
+
+
+__version__ = "17.0.0"
+
+uts46_starts: "array[int]" = array(
+    "I",
+    (
+        0x0,
+        0x1,
+        0x2,
+        0x3,
+        0x4,
+        0x5,
+        0x6,
+        0x7,
+        0x8,
+        0x9,
+        0xA,
+        0xB,
+        0xC,
+        0xD,
+        0xE,
+        0xF,
+        0x10,
+        0x11,
+        0x12,
+        0x13,
+        0x14,
+        0x15,
+        0x16,
+        0x17,
+        0x18,
+        0x19,
+        0x1A,
+        0x1B,
+        0x1C,
+        0x1D,
+        0x1E,
+        0x1F,
+        0x20,
+        0x21,
+        0x22,
+        0x23,
+        0x24,
+        0x25,
+        0x26,
+        0x27,
+        0x28,
+        0x29,
+        0x2A,
+        0x2B,
+        0x2C,
+        0x2D,
+        0x2E,
+        0x2F,
+        0x30,
+        0x31,
+        0x32,
+        0x33,
+        0x34,
+        0x35,
+        0x36,
+        0x37,
+        0x38,
+        0x39,
+        0x3A,
+        0x3B,
+        0x3C,
+        0x3D,
+        0x3E,
+        0x3F,
+        0x40,
+        0x41,
+        0x42,
+        0x43,
+        0x44,
+        0x45,
+        0x46,
+        0x47,
+        0x48,
+        0x49,
+        0x4A,
+        0x4B,
+        0x4C,
+        0x4D,
+        0x4E,
+        0x4F,
+        0x50,
+        0x51,
+        0x52,
+        0x53,
+        0x54,
+        0x55,
+        0x56,
+        0x57,
+        0x58,
+        0x59,
+        0x5A,
+        0x5B,
+        0x5C,
+        0x5D,
+        0x5E,
+        0x5F,
+        0x60,
+        0x61,
+        0x62,
+        0x63,
+        0x64,
+        0x65,
+        0x66,
+        0x67,
+        0x68,
+        0x69,
+        0x6A,
+        0x6B,
+        0x6C,
+        0x6D,
+        0x6E,
+        0x6F,
+        0x70,
+        0x71,
+        0x72,
+        0x73,
+        0x74,
+        0x75,
+        0x76,
+        0x77,
+        0x78,
+        0x79,
+        0x7A,
+        0x7B,
+        0x7C,
+        0x7D,
+        0x7E,
+        0x7F,
+        0x80,
+        0x81,
+        0x82,
+        0x83,
+        0x84,
+        0x85,
+        0x86,
+        0x87,
+        0x88,
+        0x89,
+        0x8A,
+        0x8B,
+        0x8C,
+        0x8D,
+        0x8E,
+        0x8F,
+        0x90,
+        0x91,
+        0x92,
+        0x93,
+        0x94,
+        0x95,
+        0x96,
+        0x97,
+        0x98,
+        0x99,
+        0x9A,
+        0x9B,
+        0x9C,
+        0x9D,
+        0x9E,
+        0x9F,
+        0xA0,
+        0xA1,
+        0xA2,
+        0xA3,
+        0xA4,
+        0xA5,
+        0xA6,
+        0xA7,
+        0xA8,
+        0xA9,
+        0xAA,
+        0xAB,
+        0xAC,
+        0xAD,
+        0xAE,
+        0xAF,
+        0xB0,
+        0xB1,
+        0xB2,
+        0xB3,
+        0xB4,
+        0xB5,
+        0xB6,
+        0xB7,
+        0xB8,
+        0xB9,
+        0xBA,
+        0xBB,
+        0xBC,
+        0xBD,
+        0xBE,
+        0xBF,
+        0xC0,
+        0xC1,
+        0xC2,
+        0xC3,
+        0xC4,
+        0xC5,
+        0xC6,
+        0xC7,
+        0xC8,
+        0xC9,
+        0xCA,
+        0xCB,
+        0xCC,
+        0xCD,
+        0xCE,
+        0xCF,
+        0xD0,
+        0xD1,
+        0xD2,
+        0xD3,
+        0xD4,
+        0xD5,
+        0xD6,
+        0xD7,
+        0xD8,
+        0xD9,
+        0xDA,
+        0xDB,
+        0xDC,
+        0xDD,
+        0xDE,
+        0xDF,
+        0xE0,
+        0xE1,
+        0xE2,
+        0xE3,
+        0xE4,
+        0xE5,
+        0xE6,
+        0xE7,
+        0xE8,
+        0xE9,
+        0xEA,
+        0xEB,
+        0xEC,
+        0xED,
+        0xEE,
+        0xEF,
+        0xF0,
+        0xF1,
+        0xF2,
+        0xF3,
+        0xF4,
+        0xF5,
+        0xF6,
+        0xF7,
+        0xF8,
+        0xF9,
+        0xFA,
+        0xFB,
+        0xFC,
+        0xFD,
+        0xFE,
+        0xFF,
+        0x100,
+        0x101,
+        0x102,
+        0x103,
+        0x104,
+        0x105,
+        0x106,
+        0x107,
+        0x108,
+        0x109,
+        0x10A,
+        0x10B,
+        0x10C,
+        0x10D,
+        0x10E,
+        0x10F,
+        0x110,
+        0x111,
+        0x112,
+        0x113,
+        0x114,
+        0x115,
+        0x116,
+        0x117,
+        0x118,
+        0x119,
+        0x11A,
+        0x11B,
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+        0x11D,
+        0x11E,
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+        0x120,
+        0x121,
+        0x122,
+        0x123,
+        0x124,
+        0x125,
+        0x126,
+        0x127,
+        0x128,
+        0x129,
+        0x12A,
+        0x12B,
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+        0x12F,
+        0x130,
+        0x131,
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+        0x134,
+        0x135,
+        0x136,
+        0x137,
+        0x139,
+        0x13A,
+        0x13B,
+        0x13C,
+        0x13D,
+        0x13E,
+        0x13F,
+        0x141,
+        0x142,
+        0x143,
+        0x144,
+        0x145,
+        0x146,
+        0x147,
+        0x148,
+        0x149,
+        0x14A,
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+        0x150,
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+        0x15A,
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+        0x163,
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+        0x168,
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+        0x16A,
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+    "ⱚ",
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+    "ⱜ",
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+    "ⱟ",
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+    "ⱡ",
+    None,
+    "ɫ",
+    "ᵽ",
+    "ɽ",
+    None,
+    "ⱨ",
+    None,
+    "ⱪ",
+    None,
+    "ⱬ",
+    None,
+    "ɑ",
+    "ɱ",
+    "ɐ",
+    "ɒ",
+    None,
+    "ⱳ",
+    None,
+    "ⱶ",
+    None,
+    "j",
+    "v",
+    "ȿ",
+    "ɀ",
+    "ⲁ",
+    None,
+    "ⲃ",
+    None,
+    "ⲅ",
+    None,
+    "ⲇ",
+    None,
+    "ⲉ",
+    None,
+    "ⲋ",
+    None,
+    "ⲍ",
+    None,
+    "ⲏ",
+    None,
+    "ⲑ",
+    None,
+    "ⲓ",
+    None,
+    "ⲕ",
+    None,
+    "ⲗ",
+    None,
+    "ⲙ",
+    None,
+    "ⲛ",
+    None,
+    "ⲝ",
+    None,
+    "ⲟ",
+    None,
+    "ⲡ",
+    None,
+    "ⲣ",
+    None,
+    "ⲥ",
+    None,
+    "ⲧ",
+    None,
+    "ⲩ",
+    None,
+    "ⲫ",
+    None,
+    "ⲭ",
+    None,
+    "ⲯ",
+    None,
+    "ⲱ",
+    None,
+    "ⲳ",
+    None,
+    "ⲵ",
+    None,
+    "ⲷ",
+    None,
+    "ⲹ",
+    None,
+    "ⲻ",
+    None,
+    "ⲽ",
+    None,
+    "ⲿ",
+    None,
+    "ⳁ",
+    None,
+    "ⳃ",
+    None,
+    "ⳅ",
+    None,
+    "ⳇ",
+    None,
+    "ⳉ",
+    None,
+    "ⳋ",
+    None,
+    "ⳍ",
+    None,
+    "ⳏ",
+    None,
+    "ⳑ",
+    None,
+    "ⳓ",
+    None,
+    "ⳕ",
+    None,
+    "ⳗ",
+    None,
+    "ⳙ",
+    None,
+    "ⳛ",
+    None,
+    "ⳝ",
+    None,
+    "ⳟ",
+    None,
+    "ⳡ",
+    None,
+    "ⳣ",
+    None,
+    "ⳬ",
+    None,
+    "ⳮ",
+    None,
+    "ⳳ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
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+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
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+    "幺",
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+    "手",
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+    "斤",
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+    "月",
+    "木",
+    "欠",
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+    "殳",
+    "毋",
+    "比",
+    "毛",
+    "氏",
+    "气",
+    "水",
+    "火",
+    "爪",
+    "父",
+    "爻",
+    "爿",
+    "片",
+    "牙",
+    "牛",
+    "犬",
+    "玄",
+    "玉",
+    "瓜",
+    "瓦",
+    "甘",
+    "生",
+    "用",
+    "田",
+    "疋",
+    "疒",
+    "癶",
+    "白",
+    "皮",
+    "皿",
+    "目",
+    "矛",
+    "矢",
+    "石",
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+    "禾",
+    "穴",
+    "立",
+    "竹",
+    "米",
+    "糸",
+    "缶",
+    "网",
+    "羊",
+    "羽",
+    "老",
+    "而",
+    "耒",
+    "耳",
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+    "臣",
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+    "臼",
+    "舌",
+    "舛",
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+    "艮",
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+    "虍",
+    "虫",
+    "血",
+    "行",
+    "衣",
+    "襾",
+    "見",
+    "角",
+    "言",
+    "谷",
+    "豆",
+    "豕",
+    "豸",
+    "貝",
+    "赤",
+    "走",
+    "足",
+    "身",
+    "車",
+    "辛",
+    "辰",
+    "辵",
+    "邑",
+    "酉",
+    "釆",
+    "里",
+    "金",
+    "長",
+    "門",
+    "阜",
+    "隶",
+    "隹",
+    "雨",
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+    "非",
+    "面",
+    "革",
+    "韋",
+    "韭",
+    "音",
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+    "食",
+    "首",
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+    "馬",
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+    "鼻",
+    "齊",
+    "齒",
+    "龍",
+    "龜",
+    "龠",
+    None,
+    " ",
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+    ".",
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+    "〒",
+    None,
+    "十",
+    "卄",
+    "卅",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    " ゙",
+    " ゚",
+    None,
+    "より",
+    None,
+    "コト",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ᄀ",
+    "ᄁ",
+    "ᆪ",
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+    "ᆭ",
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+    "ᆅ",
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+    "二",
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+    "丁",
+    "天",
+    "地",
+    "人",
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+    None,
+    None,
+    "(ᄀ)",
+    "(ᄂ)",
+    "(ᄃ)",
+    "(ᄅ)",
+    "(ᄆ)",
+    "(ᄇ)",
+    "(ᄉ)",
+    "(ᄋ)",
+    "(ᄌ)",
+    "(ᄎ)",
+    "(ᄏ)",
+    "(ᄐ)",
+    "(ᄑ)",
+    "(ᄒ)",
+    "(가)",
+    "(나)",
+    "(다)",
+    "(라)",
+    "(마)",
+    "(바)",
+    "(사)",
+    "(아)",
+    "(자)",
+    "(차)",
+    "(카)",
+    "(타)",
+    "(파)",
+    "(하)",
+    "(주)",
+    "(오전)",
+    "(오후)",
+    None,
+    "(一)",
+    "(二)",
+    "(三)",
+    "(四)",
+    "(五)",
+    "(六)",
+    "(七)",
+    "(八)",
+    "(九)",
+    "(十)",
+    "(月)",
+    "(火)",
+    "(水)",
+    "(木)",
+    "(金)",
+    "(土)",
+    "(日)",
+    "(株)",
+    "(有)",
+    "(社)",
+    "(名)",
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+    "(財)",
+    "(祝)",
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+    "(代)",
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+    "(学)",
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+    "中",
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+    "45",
+    "46",
+    "47",
+    "48",
+    "49",
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+    "3月",
+    "4月",
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+    "ウ",
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+    "カ",
+    "キ",
+    "ク",
+    "ケ",
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+    "ト",
+    "ナ",
+    "ニ",
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+    "ハ",
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+    "ホ",
+    "マ",
+    "ミ",
+    "ム",
+    "メ",
+    "モ",
+    "ヤ",
+    "ユ",
+    "ヨ",
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+    "リ",
+    "ル",
+    "レ",
+    "ロ",
+    "ワ",
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+    "ヲ",
+    "令和",
+    "アパート",
+    "アルファ",
+    "アンペア",
+    "アール",
+    "イニング",
+    "インチ",
+    "ウォン",
+    "エスクード",
+    "エーカー",
+    "オンス",
+    "オーム",
+    "カイリ",
+    "カラット",
+    "カロリー",
+    "ガロン",
+    "ガンマ",
+    "ギガ",
+    "ギニー",
+    "キュリー",
+    "ギルダー",
+    "キロ",
+    "キログラム",
+    "キロメートル",
+    "キロワット",
+    "グラム",
+    "グラムトン",
+    "クルゼイロ",
+    "クローネ",
+    "ケース",
+    "コルナ",
+    "コーポ",
+    "サイクル",
+    "サンチーム",
+    "シリング",
+    "センチ",
+    "セント",
+    "ダース",
+    "デシ",
+    "ドル",
+    "トン",
+    "ナノ",
+    "ノット",
+    "ハイツ",
+    "パーセント",
+    "パーツ",
+    "バーレル",
+    "ピアストル",
+    "ピクル",
+    "ピコ",
+    "ビル",
+    "ファラッド",
+    "フィート",
+    "ブッシェル",
+    "フラン",
+    "ヘクタール",
+    "ペソ",
+    "ペニヒ",
+    "ヘルツ",
+    "ペンス",
+    "ページ",
+    "ベータ",
+    "ポイント",
+    "ボルト",
+    "ホン",
+    "ポンド",
+    "ホール",
+    "ホーン",
+    "マイクロ",
+    "マイル",
+    "マッハ",
+    "マルク",
+    "マンション",
+    "ミクロン",
+    "ミリ",
+    "ミリバール",
+    "メガ",
+    "メガトン",
+    "メートル",
+    "ヤード",
+    "ヤール",
+    "ユアン",
+    "リットル",
+    "リラ",
+    "ルピー",
+    "ルーブル",
+    "レム",
+    "レントゲン",
+    "ワット",
+    "0点",
+    "1点",
+    "2点",
+    "3点",
+    "4点",
+    "5点",
+    "6点",
+    "7点",
+    "8点",
+    "9点",
+    "10点",
+    "11点",
+    "12点",
+    "13点",
+    "14点",
+    "15点",
+    "16点",
+    "17点",
+    "18点",
+    "19点",
+    "20点",
+    "21点",
+    "22点",
+    "23点",
+    "24点",
+    "hpa",
+    "da",
+    "au",
+    "bar",
+    "ov",
+    "pc",
+    "dm",
+    "dm2",
+    "dm3",
+    "iu",
+    "平成",
+    "昭和",
+    "大正",
+    "明治",
+    "株式会社",
+    "pa",
+    "na",
+    "μa",
+    "ma",
+    "ka",
+    "kb",
+    "mb",
+    "gb",
+    "cal",
+    "kcal",
+    "pf",
+    "nf",
+    "μf",
+    "μg",
+    "mg",
+    "kg",
+    "hz",
+    "khz",
+    "mhz",
+    "ghz",
+    "thz",
+    "μl",
+    "ml",
+    "dl",
+    "kl",
+    "fm",
+    "nm",
+    "μm",
+    "mm",
+    "cm",
+    "km",
+    "mm2",
+    "cm2",
+    "m2",
+    "km2",
+    "mm3",
+    "cm3",
+    "m3",
+    "km3",
+    "m∕s",
+    "m∕s2",
+    "pa",
+    "kpa",
+    "mpa",
+    "gpa",
+    "rad",
+    "rad∕s",
+    "rad∕s2",
+    "ps",
+    "ns",
+    "μs",
+    "ms",
+    "pv",
+    "nv",
+    "μv",
+    "mv",
+    "kv",
+    "mv",
+    "pw",
+    "nw",
+    "μw",
+    "mw",
+    "kw",
+    "mw",
+    "kω",
+    "mω",
+    None,
+    "bq",
+    "cc",
+    "cd",
+    "c∕kg",
+    None,
+    "db",
+    "gy",
+    "ha",
+    "hp",
+    "in",
+    "kk",
+    "km",
+    "kt",
+    "lm",
+    "ln",
+    "log",
+    "lx",
+    "mb",
+    "mil",
+    "mol",
+    "ph",
+    None,
+    "ppm",
+    "pr",
+    "sr",
+    "sv",
+    "wb",
+    "v∕m",
+    "a∕m",
+    "1日",
+    "2日",
+    "3日",
+    "4日",
+    "5日",
+    "6日",
+    "7日",
+    "8日",
+    "9日",
+    "10日",
+    "11日",
+    "12日",
+    "13日",
+    "14日",
+    "15日",
+    "16日",
+    "17日",
+    "18日",
+    "19日",
+    "20日",
+    "21日",
+    "22日",
+    "23日",
+    "24日",
+    "25日",
+    "26日",
+    "27日",
+    "28日",
+    "29日",
+    "30日",
+    "31日",
+    "gal",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ꙁ",
+    None,
+    "ꙃ",
+    None,
+    "ꙅ",
+    None,
+    "ꙇ",
+    None,
+    "ꙉ",
+    None,
+    "ꙋ",
+    None,
+    "ꙍ",
+    None,
+    "ꙏ",
+    None,
+    "ꙑ",
+    None,
+    "ꙓ",
+    None,
+    "ꙕ",
+    None,
+    "ꙗ",
+    None,
+    "ꙙ",
+    None,
+    "ꙛ",
+    None,
+    "ꙝ",
+    None,
+    "ꙟ",
+    None,
+    "ꙡ",
+    None,
+    "ꙣ",
+    None,
+    "ꙥ",
+    None,
+    "ꙧ",
+    None,
+    "ꙩ",
+    None,
+    "ꙫ",
+    None,
+    "ꙭ",
+    None,
+    "ꚁ",
+    None,
+    "ꚃ",
+    None,
+    "ꚅ",
+    None,
+    "ꚇ",
+    None,
+    "ꚉ",
+    None,
+    "ꚋ",
+    None,
+    "ꚍ",
+    None,
+    "ꚏ",
+    None,
+    "ꚑ",
+    None,
+    "ꚓ",
+    None,
+    "ꚕ",
+    None,
+    "ꚗ",
+    None,
+    "ꚙ",
+    None,
+    "ꚛ",
+    None,
+    "ъ",
+    "ь",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ꜣ",
+    None,
+    "ꜥ",
+    None,
+    "ꜧ",
+    None,
+    "ꜩ",
+    None,
+    "ꜫ",
+    None,
+    "ꜭ",
+    None,
+    "ꜯ",
+    None,
+    "ꜳ",
+    None,
+    "ꜵ",
+    None,
+    "ꜷ",
+    None,
+    "ꜹ",
+    None,
+    "ꜻ",
+    None,
+    "ꜽ",
+    None,
+    "ꜿ",
+    None,
+    "ꝁ",
+    None,
+    "ꝃ",
+    None,
+    "ꝅ",
+    None,
+    "ꝇ",
+    None,
+    "ꝉ",
+    None,
+    "ꝋ",
+    None,
+    "ꝍ",
+    None,
+    "ꝏ",
+    None,
+    "ꝑ",
+    None,
+    "ꝓ",
+    None,
+    "ꝕ",
+    None,
+    "ꝗ",
+    None,
+    "ꝙ",
+    None,
+    "ꝛ",
+    None,
+    "ꝝ",
+    None,
+    "ꝟ",
+    None,
+    "ꝡ",
+    None,
+    "ꝣ",
+    None,
+    "ꝥ",
+    None,
+    "ꝧ",
+    None,
+    "ꝩ",
+    None,
+    "ꝫ",
+    None,
+    "ꝭ",
+    None,
+    "ꝯ",
+    None,
+    "ꝯ",
+    None,
+    "ꝺ",
+    None,
+    "ꝼ",
+    None,
+    "ᵹ",
+    "ꝿ",
+    None,
+    "ꞁ",
+    None,
+    "ꞃ",
+    None,
+    "ꞅ",
+    None,
+    "ꞇ",
+    None,
+    "ꞌ",
+    None,
+    "ɥ",
+    None,
+    "ꞑ",
+    None,
+    "ꞓ",
+    None,
+    "ꞗ",
+    None,
+    "ꞙ",
+    None,
+    "ꞛ",
+    None,
+    "ꞝ",
+    None,
+    "ꞟ",
+    None,
+    "ꞡ",
+    None,
+    "ꞣ",
+    None,
+    "ꞥ",
+    None,
+    "ꞧ",
+    None,
+    "ꞩ",
+    None,
+    "ɦ",
+    "ɜ",
+    "ɡ",
+    "ɬ",
+    "ɪ",
+    None,
+    "ʞ",
+    "ʇ",
+    "ʝ",
+    "ꭓ",
+    "ꞵ",
+    None,
+    "ꞷ",
+    None,
+    "ꞹ",
+    None,
+    "ꞻ",
+    None,
+    "ꞽ",
+    None,
+    "ꞿ",
+    None,
+    "ꟁ",
+    None,
+    "ꟃ",
+    None,
+    "ꞔ",
+    "ʂ",
+    "ᶎ",
+    "ꟈ",
+    None,
+    "ꟊ",
+    None,
+    "ɤ",
+    "\ua7cd",
+    None,
+    "\ua7cf",
+    None,
+    "ꟑ",
+    None,
+    "ꟓ",
+    None,
+    "ꟕ",
+    None,
+    "ꟗ",
+    None,
+    "ꟙ",
+    None,
+    "\ua7db",
+    None,
+    "ƛ",
+    None,
+    "s",
+    "c",
+    "f",
+    "q",
+    "ꟶ",
+    None,
+    "ħ",
+    "œ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ꜧ",
+    "ꬷ",
+    "ɫ",
+    "ꭒ",
+    None,
+    "ʍ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    "Ꭰ",
+    "Ꭱ",
+    "Ꭲ",
+    "Ꭳ",
+    "Ꭴ",
+    "Ꭵ",
+    "Ꭶ",
+    "Ꭷ",
+    "Ꭸ",
+    "Ꭹ",
+    "Ꭺ",
+    "Ꭻ",
+    "Ꭼ",
+    "Ꭽ",
+    "Ꭾ",
+    "Ꭿ",
+    "Ꮀ",
+    "Ꮁ",
+    "Ꮂ",
+    "Ꮃ",
+    "Ꮄ",
+    "Ꮅ",
+    "Ꮆ",
+    "Ꮇ",
+    "Ꮈ",
+    "Ꮉ",
+    "Ꮊ",
+    "Ꮋ",
+    "Ꮌ",
+    "Ꮍ",
+    "Ꮎ",
+    "Ꮏ",
+    "Ꮐ",
+    "Ꮑ",
+    "Ꮒ",
+    "Ꮓ",
+    "Ꮔ",
+    "Ꮕ",
+    "Ꮖ",
+    "Ꮗ",
+    "Ꮘ",
+    "Ꮙ",
+    "Ꮚ",
+    "Ꮛ",
+    "Ꮜ",
+    "Ꮝ",
+    "Ꮞ",
+    "Ꮟ",
+    "Ꮠ",
+    "Ꮡ",
+    "Ꮢ",
+    "Ꮣ",
+    "Ꮤ",
+    "Ꮥ",
+    "Ꮦ",
+    "Ꮧ",
+    "Ꮨ",
+    "Ꮩ",
+    "Ꮪ",
+    "Ꮫ",
+    "Ꮬ",
+    "Ꮭ",
+    "Ꮮ",
+    "Ꮯ",
+    "Ꮰ",
+    "Ꮱ",
+    "Ꮲ",
+    "Ꮳ",
+    "Ꮴ",
+    "Ꮵ",
+    "Ꮶ",
+    "Ꮷ",
+    "Ꮸ",
+    "Ꮹ",
+    "Ꮺ",
+    "Ꮻ",
+    "Ꮼ",
+    "Ꮽ",
+    "Ꮾ",
+    "Ꮿ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "豈",
+    "更",
+    "車",
+    "賈",
+    "滑",
+    "串",
+    "句",
+    "龜",
+    "契",
+    "金",
+    "喇",
+    "奈",
+    "懶",
+    "癩",
+    "羅",
+    "蘿",
+    "螺",
+    "裸",
+    "邏",
+    "樂",
+    "洛",
+    "烙",
+    "珞",
+    "落",
+    "酪",
+    "駱",
+    "亂",
+    "卵",
+    "欄",
+    "爛",
+    "蘭",
+    "鸞",
+    "嵐",
+    "濫",
+    "藍",
+    "襤",
+    "拉",
+    "臘",
+    "蠟",
+    "廊",
+    "朗",
+    "浪",
+    "狼",
+    "郎",
+    "來",
+    "冷",
+    "勞",
+    "擄",
+    "櫓",
+    "爐",
+    "盧",
+    "老",
+    "蘆",
+    "虜",
+    "路",
+    "露",
+    "魯",
+    "鷺",
+    "碌",
+    "祿",
+    "綠",
+    "菉",
+    "錄",
+    "鹿",
+    "論",
+    "壟",
+    "弄",
+    "籠",
+    "聾",
+    "牢",
+    "磊",
+    "賂",
+    "雷",
+    "壘",
+    "屢",
+    "樓",
+    "淚",
+    "漏",
+    "累",
+    "縷",
+    "陋",
+    "勒",
+    "肋",
+    "凜",
+    "凌",
+    "稜",
+    "綾",
+    "菱",
+    "陵",
+    "讀",
+    "拏",
+    "樂",
+    "諾",
+    "丹",
+    "寧",
+    "怒",
+    "率",
+    "異",
+    "北",
+    "磻",
+    "便",
+    "復",
+    "不",
+    "泌",
+    "數",
+    "索",
+    "參",
+    "塞",
+    "省",
+    "葉",
+    "說",
+    "殺",
+    "辰",
+    "沈",
+    "拾",
+    "若",
+    "掠",
+    "略",
+    "亮",
+    "兩",
+    "凉",
+    "梁",
+    "糧",
+    "良",
+    "諒",
+    "量",
+    "勵",
+    "呂",
+    "女",
+    "廬",
+    "旅",
+    "濾",
+    "礪",
+    "閭",
+    "驪",
+    "麗",
+    "黎",
+    "力",
+    "曆",
+    "歷",
+    "轢",
+    "年",
+    "憐",
+    "戀",
+    "撚",
+    "漣",
+    "煉",
+    "璉",
+    "秊",
+    "練",
+    "聯",
+    "輦",
+    "蓮",
+    "連",
+    "鍊",
+    "列",
+    "劣",
+    "咽",
+    "烈",
+    "裂",
+    "說",
+    "廉",
+    "念",
+    "捻",
+    "殮",
+    "簾",
+    "獵",
+    "令",
+    "囹",
+    "寧",
+    "嶺",
+    "怜",
+    "玲",
+    "瑩",
+    "羚",
+    "聆",
+    "鈴",
+    "零",
+    "靈",
+    "領",
+    "例",
+    "禮",
+    "醴",
+    "隸",
+    "惡",
+    "了",
+    "僚",
+    "寮",
+    "尿",
+    "料",
+    "樂",
+    "燎",
+    "療",
+    "蓼",
+    "遼",
+    "龍",
+    "暈",
+    "阮",
+    "劉",
+    "杻",
+    "柳",
+    "流",
+    "溜",
+    "琉",
+    "留",
+    "硫",
+    "紐",
+    "類",
+    "六",
+    "戮",
+    "陸",
+    "倫",
+    "崙",
+    "淪",
+    "輪",
+    "律",
+    "慄",
+    "栗",
+    "率",
+    "隆",
+    "利",
+    "吏",
+    "履",
+    "易",
+    "李",
+    "梨",
+    "泥",
+    "理",
+    "痢",
+    "罹",
+    "裏",
+    "裡",
+    "里",
+    "離",
+    "匿",
+    "溺",
+    "吝",
+    "燐",
+    "璘",
+    "藺",
+    "隣",
+    "鱗",
+    "麟",
+    "林",
+    "淋",
+    "臨",
+    "立",
+    "笠",
+    "粒",
+    "狀",
+    "炙",
+    "識",
+    "什",
+    "茶",
+    "刺",
+    "切",
+    "度",
+    "拓",
+    "糖",
+    "宅",
+    "洞",
+    "暴",
+    "輻",
+    "行",
+    "降",
+    "見",
+    "廓",
+    "兀",
+    "嗀",
+    None,
+    "塚",
+    None,
+    "晴",
+    None,
+    "凞",
+    "猪",
+    "益",
+    "礼",
+    "神",
+    "祥",
+    "福",
+    "靖",
+    "精",
+    "羽",
+    None,
+    "蘒",
+    None,
+    "諸",
+    None,
+    "逸",
+    "都",
+    None,
+    "飯",
+    "飼",
+    "館",
+    "鶴",
+    "郞",
+    "隷",
+    "侮",
+    "僧",
+    "免",
+    "勉",
+    "勤",
+    "卑",
+    "喝",
+    "嘆",
+    "器",
+    "塀",
+    "墨",
+    "層",
+    "屮",
+    "悔",
+    "慨",
+    "憎",
+    "懲",
+    "敏",
+    "既",
+    "暑",
+    "梅",
+    "海",
+    "渚",
+    "漢",
+    "煮",
+    "爫",
+    "琢",
+    "碑",
+    "社",
+    "祉",
+    "祈",
+    "祐",
+    "祖",
+    "祝",
+    "禍",
+    "禎",
+    "穀",
+    "突",
+    "節",
+    "練",
+    "縉",
+    "繁",
+    "署",
+    "者",
+    "臭",
+    "艹",
+    "著",
+    "褐",
+    "視",
+    "謁",
+    "謹",
+    "賓",
+    "贈",
+    "辶",
+    "逸",
+    "難",
+    "響",
+    "頻",
+    "恵",
+    "𤋮",
+    "舘",
+    None,
+    "並",
+    "况",
+    "全",
+    "侀",
+    "充",
+    "冀",
+    "勇",
+    "勺",
+    "喝",
+    "啕",
+    "喙",
+    "嗢",
+    "塚",
+    "墳",
+    "奄",
+    "奔",
+    "婢",
+    "嬨",
+    "廒",
+    "廙",
+    "彩",
+    "徭",
+    "惘",
+    "慎",
+    "愈",
+    "憎",
+    "慠",
+    "懲",
+    "戴",
+    "揄",
+    "搜",
+    "摒",
+    "敖",
+    "晴",
+    "朗",
+    "望",
+    "杖",
+    "歹",
+    "殺",
+    "流",
+    "滛",
+    "滋",
+    "漢",
+    "瀞",
+    "煮",
+    "瞧",
+    "爵",
+    "犯",
+    "猪",
+    "瑱",
+    "甆",
+    "画",
+    "瘝",
+    "瘟",
+    "益",
+    "盛",
+    "直",
+    "睊",
+    "着",
+    "磌",
+    "窱",
+    "節",
+    "类",
+    "絛",
+    "練",
+    "缾",
+    "者",
+    "荒",
+    "華",
+    "蝹",
+    "襁",
+    "覆",
+    "視",
+    "調",
+    "諸",
+    "請",
+    "謁",
+    "諾",
+    "諭",
+    "謹",
+    "變",
+    "贈",
+    "輸",
+    "遲",
+    "醙",
+    "鉶",
+    "陼",
+    "難",
+    "靖",
+    "韛",
+    "響",
+    "頋",
+    "頻",
+    "鬒",
+    "龜",
+    "𢡊",
+    "𢡄",
+    "𣏕",
+    "㮝",
+    "䀘",
+    "䀹",
+    "𥉉",
+    "𥳐",
+    "𧻓",
+    "齃",
+    "龎",
+    None,
+    "ff",
+    "fi",
+    "fl",
+    "ffi",
+    "ffl",
+    "st",
+    None,
+    "մն",
+    "մե",
+    "մի",
+    "վն",
+    "մխ",
+    None,
+    "יִ",
+    None,
+    "ײַ",
+    "ע",
+    "א",
+    "ד",
+    "ה",
+    "כ",
+    "ל",
+    "ם",
+    "ר",
+    "ת",
+    "+",
+    "שׁ",
+    "שׂ",
+    "שּׁ",
+    "שּׂ",
+    "אַ",
+    "אָ",
+    "אּ",
+    "בּ",
+    "גּ",
+    "דּ",
+    "הּ",
+    "וּ",
+    "זּ",
+    None,
+    "טּ",
+    "יּ",
+    "ךּ",
+    "כּ",
+    "לּ",
+    None,
+    "מּ",
+    None,
+    "נּ",
+    "סּ",
+    None,
+    "ףּ",
+    "פּ",
+    None,
+    "צּ",
+    "קּ",
+    "רּ",
+    "שּ",
+    "תּ",
+    "וֹ",
+    "בֿ",
+    "כֿ",
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+    None,
+    "0",
+    "1",
+    "2",
+    "3",
+    "4",
+    "5",
+    "6",
+    "7",
+    "8",
+    "9",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "丽",
+    "丸",
+    "乁",
+    "𠄢",
+    "你",
+    "侮",
+    "侻",
+    "倂",
+    "偺",
+    "備",
+    "僧",
+    "像",
+    "㒞",
+    "𠘺",
+    "免",
+    "兔",
+    "兤",
+    "具",
+    "𠔜",
+    "㒹",
+    "內",
+    "再",
+    "𠕋",
+    "冗",
+    "冤",
+    "仌",
+    "冬",
+    "况",
+    "𩇟",
+    "凵",
+    "刃",
+    "㓟",
+    "刻",
+    "剆",
+    "割",
+    "剷",
+    "㔕",
+    "勇",
+    "勉",
+    "勤",
+    "勺",
+    "包",
+    "匆",
+    "北",
+    "卉",
+    "卑",
+    "博",
+    "即",
+    "卽",
+    "卿",
+    "𠨬",
+    "灰",
+    "及",
+    "叟",
+    "𠭣",
+    "叫",
+    "叱",
+    "吆",
+    "咞",
+    "吸",
+    "呈",
+    "周",
+    "咢",
+    "哶",
+    "唐",
+    "啓",
+    "啣",
+    "善",
+    "喙",
+    "喫",
+    "喳",
+    "嗂",
+    "圖",
+    "嘆",
+    "圗",
+    "噑",
+    "噴",
+    "切",
+    "壮",
+    "城",
+    "埴",
+    "堍",
+    "型",
+    "堲",
+    "報",
+    "墬",
+    "𡓤",
+    "売",
+    "壷",
+    "夆",
+    "多",
+    "夢",
+    "奢",
+    "𡚨",
+    "𡛪",
+    "姬",
+    "娛",
+    "娧",
+    "姘",
+    "婦",
+    "㛮",
+    "㛼",
+    "嬈",
+    "嬾",
+    "𡧈",
+    "寃",
+    "寘",
+    "寧",
+    "寳",
+    "𡬘",
+    "寿",
+    "将",
+    "当",
+    "尢",
+    "㞁",
+    "屠",
+    "屮",
+    "峀",
+    "岍",
+    "𡷤",
+    "嵃",
+    "𡷦",
+    "嵮",
+    "嵫",
+    "嵼",
+    "巡",
+    "巢",
+    "㠯",
+    "巽",
+    "帨",
+    "帽",
+    "幩",
+    "㡢",
+    "𢆃",
+    "㡼",
+    "庰",
+    "庳",
+    "庶",
+    "廊",
+    "𪎒",
+    "廾",
+    "𢌱",
+    "舁",
+    "弢",
+    "㣇",
+    "𣊸",
+    "𦇚",
+    "形",
+    "彫",
+    "㣣",
+    "徚",
+    "忍",
+    "志",
+    "忹",
+    "悁",
+    "㤺",
+    "㤜",
+    "悔",
+    "𢛔",
+    "惇",
+    "慈",
+    "慌",
+    "慎",
+    "慌",
+    "慺",
+    "憎",
+    "憲",
+    "憤",
+    "憯",
+    "懞",
+    "懲",
+    "懶",
+    "成",
+    "戛",
+    "扝",
+    "抱",
+    "拔",
+    "捐",
+    "𢬌",
+    "挽",
+    "拼",
+    "捨",
+    "掃",
+    "揤",
+    "𢯱",
+    "搢",
+    "揅",
+    "掩",
+    "㨮",
+    "摩",
+    "摾",
+    "撝",
+    "摷",
+    "㩬",
+    "敏",
+    "敬",
+    "𣀊",
+    "旣",
+    "書",
+    "晉",
+    "㬙",
+    "暑",
+    "㬈",
+    "㫤",
+    "冒",
+    "冕",
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+    "暜",
+    "肭",
+    "䏙",
+    "朗",
+    "望",
+    "朡",
+    "杞",
+    "杓",
+    "𣏃",
+    "㭉",
+    "柺",
+    "枅",
+    "桒",
+    "梅",
+    "𣑭",
+    "梎",
+    "栟",
+    "椔",
+    "㮝",
+    "楂",
+    "榣",
+    "槪",
+    "檨",
+    "𣚣",
+    "櫛",
+    "㰘",
+    "次",
+    "𣢧",
+    "歔",
+    "㱎",
+    "歲",
+    "殟",
+    "殺",
+    "殻",
+    "𣪍",
+    "𡴋",
+    "𣫺",
+    "汎",
+    "𣲼",
+    "沿",
+    "泍",
+    "汧",
+    "洖",
+    "派",
+    "海",
+    "流",
+    "浩",
+    "浸",
+    "涅",
+    "𣴞",
+    "洴",
+    "港",
+    "湮",
+    "㴳",
+    "滋",
+    "滇",
+    "𣻑",
+    "淹",
+    "潮",
+    "𣽞",
+    "𣾎",
+    "濆",
+    "瀹",
+    "瀞",
+    "瀛",
+    "㶖",
+    "灊",
+    "災",
+    "灷",
+    "炭",
+    "𠔥",
+    "煅",
+    "𤉣",
+    "熜",
+    "𤎫",
+    "爨",
+    "爵",
+    "牐",
+    "𤘈",
+    "犀",
+    "犕",
+    "𤜵",
+    "𤠔",
+    "獺",
+    "王",
+    "㺬",
+    "玥",
+    "㺸",
+    "瑇",
+    "瑜",
+    "瑱",
+    "璅",
+    "瓊",
+    "㼛",
+    "甤",
+    "𤰶",
+    "甾",
+    "𤲒",
+    "異",
+    "𢆟",
+    "瘐",
+    "𤾡",
+    "𤾸",
+    "𥁄",
+    "㿼",
+    "䀈",
+    "直",
+    "𥃳",
+    "𥃲",
+    "𥄙",
+    "𥄳",
+    "眞",
+    "真",
+    "睊",
+    "䀹",
+    "瞋",
+    "䁆",
+    "䂖",
+    "𥐝",
+    "硎",
+    "碌",
+    "磌",
+    "䃣",
+    "𥘦",
+    "祖",
+    "𥚚",
+    "𥛅",
+    "福",
+    "秫",
+    "䄯",
+    "穀",
+    "穊",
+    "穏",
+    "𥥼",
+    "𥪧",
+    "竮",
+    "䈂",
+    "𥮫",
+    "篆",
+    "築",
+    "䈧",
+    "𥲀",
+    "糒",
+    "䊠",
+    "糨",
+    "糣",
+    "紀",
+    "𥾆",
+    "絣",
+    "䌁",
+    "緇",
+    "縂",
+    "繅",
+    "䌴",
+    "𦈨",
+    "𦉇",
+    "䍙",
+    "𦋙",
+    "罺",
+    "𦌾",
+    "羕",
+    "翺",
+    "者",
+    "𦓚",
+    "𦔣",
+    "聠",
+    "𦖨",
+    "聰",
+    "𣍟",
+    "䏕",
+    "育",
+    "脃",
+    "䐋",
+    "脾",
+    "媵",
+    "𦞧",
+    "𦞵",
+    "𣎓",
+    "𣎜",
+    "舁",
+    "舄",
+    "辞",
+    "䑫",
+    "芑",
+    "芋",
+    "芝",
+    "劳",
+    "花",
+    "芳",
+    "芽",
+    "苦",
+    "𦬼",
+    "若",
+    "茝",
+    "荣",
+    "莭",
+    "茣",
+    "莽",
+    "菧",
+    "著",
+    "荓",
+    "菊",
+    "菌",
+    "菜",
+    "𦰶",
+    "𦵫",
+    "𦳕",
+    "䔫",
+    "蓱",
+    "蓳",
+    "蔖",
+    "𧏊",
+    "蕤",
+    "𦼬",
+    "䕝",
+    "䕡",
+    "𦾱",
+    "𧃒",
+    "䕫",
+    "虐",
+    "虜",
+    "虧",
+    "虩",
+    "蚩",
+    "蚈",
+    "蜎",
+    "蛢",
+    "蝹",
+    "蜨",
+    "蝫",
+    "螆",
+    "䗗",
+    "蟡",
+    "蠁",
+    "䗹",
+    "衠",
+    "衣",
+    "𧙧",
+    "裗",
+    "裞",
+    "䘵",
+    "裺",
+    "㒻",
+    "𧢮",
+    "𧥦",
+    "䚾",
+    "䛇",
+    "誠",
+    "諭",
+    "變",
+    "豕",
+    "𧲨",
+    "貫",
+    "賁",
+    "贛",
+    "起",
+    "𧼯",
+    "𠠄",
+    "跋",
+    "趼",
+    "跰",
+    "𠣞",
+    "軔",
+    "輸",
+    "𨗒",
+    "𨗭",
+    "邔",
+    "郱",
+    "鄑",
+    "𨜮",
+    "鄛",
+    "鈸",
+    "鋗",
+    "鋘",
+    "鉼",
+    "鏹",
+    "鐕",
+    "𨯺",
+    "開",
+    "䦕",
+    "閷",
+    "𨵷",
+    "䧦",
+    "雃",
+    "嶲",
+    "霣",
+    "𩅅",
+    "𩈚",
+    "䩮",
+    "䩶",
+    "韠",
+    "𩐊",
+    "䪲",
+    "𩒖",
+    "頋",
+    "頩",
+    "𩖶",
+    "飢",
+    "䬳",
+    "餩",
+    "馧",
+    "駂",
+    "駾",
+    "䯎",
+    "𩬰",
+    "鬒",
+    "鱀",
+    "鳽",
+    "䳎",
+    "䳭",
+    "鵧",
+    "𪃎",
+    "䳸",
+    "𪄅",
+    "𪈎",
+    "𪊑",
+    "麻",
+    "䵖",
+    "黹",
+    "黾",
+    "鼅",
+    "鼏",
+    "鼖",
+    "鼻",
+    "𪘀",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53c08d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2012, Andrew Dunham
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This only works if using a file system, other loaders not implemented.
+
+import importlib.util
+import sys
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+
+for p in sys.path:
+    file_path = Path(p, "multipart.py")
+    try:
+        if file_path.is_file():
+            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("multipart", file_path)
+            assert spec is not None, f"{file_path} found but not loadable!"
+            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            sys.modules["multipart"] = module
+            assert spec.loader is not None, f"{file_path} must be loadable!"
+            spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+            break
+    except PermissionError:
+        pass
+else:
+    warnings.warn("Please use `import python_multipart` instead.", PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    from python_multipart import *
+    from python_multipart import __all__, __version__
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41b1d99
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/decoders.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/decoders.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ab5e20
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62cb02c
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/multipart.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/multipart.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92fd784
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/multipart.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/decoders.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/decoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31acdfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from python_multipart.decoders import *
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36815d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from python_multipart.exceptions import *
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/multipart.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bf567d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from python_multipart.multipart import *
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e63548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+@Switch01
+A_Rog
+Aakanksha Agrawal
+Abhinav Sagar
+ABHYUDAY PRATAP SINGH
+abs51295
+AceGentile
+Adam Chainz
+Adam Tse
+Adam Wentz
+admin
+Adrien Morison
+ahayrapetyan
+Ahilya
+AinsworthK
+Akash Srivastava
+Alan Yee
+Albert Tugushev
+Albert-Guan
+albertg
+Alberto Sottile
+Aleks Bunin
+Ales Erjavec
+Alethea Flowers
+Alex Gaynor
+Alex Grönholm
+Alex Hedges
+Alex Loosley
+Alex Morega
+Alex Stachowiak
+Alexander Shtyrov
+Alexandre Conrad
+Alexey Popravka
+Aleš Erjavec
+Alli
+Ami Fischman
+Ananya Maiti
+Anatoly Techtonik
+Anders Kaseorg
+Andre Aguiar
+Andreas Lutro
+Andrei Geacar
+Andrew Gaul
+Andrew Shymanel
+Andrey Bienkowski
+Andrey Bulgakov
+Andrés Delfino
+Andy Freeland
+Andy Kluger
+Ani Hayrapetyan
+Aniruddha Basak
+Anish Tambe
+Anrs Hu
+Anthony Sottile
+Antoine Musso
+Anton Ovchinnikov
+Anton Patrushev
+Antonio Alvarado Hernandez
+Antony Lee
+Antti Kaihola
+Anubhav Patel
+Anudit Nagar
+Anuj Godase
+AQNOUCH Mohammed
+AraHaan
+Arindam Choudhury
+Armin Ronacher
+Artem
+Arun Babu Neelicattu
+Ashley Manton
+Ashwin Ramaswami
+atse
+Atsushi Odagiri
+Avinash Karhana
+Avner Cohen
+Awit (Ah-Wit) Ghirmai
+Baptiste Mispelon
+Barney Gale
+barneygale
+Bartek Ogryczak
+Bastian Venthur
+Ben Bodenmiller
+Ben Darnell
+Ben Hoyt
+Ben Mares
+Ben Rosser
+Bence Nagy
+Benjamin Peterson
+Benjamin VanEvery
+Benoit Pierre
+Berker Peksag
+Bernard
+Bernard Tyers
+Bernardo B. Marques
+Bernhard M. Wiedemann
+Bertil Hatt
+Bhavam Vidyarthi
+Blazej Michalik
+Bogdan Opanchuk
+BorisZZZ
+Brad Erickson
+Bradley Ayers
+Brandon L. Reiss
+Brandt Bucher
+Brett Randall
+Brett Rosen
+Brian Cristante
+Brian Rosner
+briantracy
+BrownTruck
+Bruno Oliveira
+Bruno Renié
+Bruno S
+Bstrdsmkr
+Buck Golemon
+burrows
+Bussonnier Matthias
+bwoodsend
+c22
+Caleb Martinez
+Calvin Smith
+Carl Meyer
+Carlos Liam
+Carol Willing
+Carter Thayer
+Cass
+Chandrasekhar Atina
+Chih-Hsuan Yen
+Chris Brinker
+Chris Hunt
+Chris Jerdonek
+Chris Kuehl
+Chris McDonough
+Chris Pawley
+Chris Pryer
+Chris Wolfe
+Christian Clauss
+Christian Heimes
+Christian Oudard
+Christoph Reiter
+Christopher Hunt
+Christopher Snyder
+cjc7373
+Clark Boylan
+Claudio Jolowicz
+Clay McClure
+Cody
+Cody Soyland
+Colin Watson
+Collin Anderson
+Connor Osborn
+Cooper Lees
+Cooper Ry Lees
+Cory Benfield
+Cory Wright
+Craig Kerstiens
+Cristian Sorinel
+Cristina
+Cristina Muñoz
+Curtis Doty
+cytolentino
+Daan De Meyer
+Dale
+Damian
+Damian Quiroga
+Damian Shaw
+Dan Black
+Dan Savilonis
+Dan Sully
+Dane Hillard
+daniel
+Daniel Collins
+Daniel Hahler
+Daniel Holth
+Daniel Jost
+Daniel Katz
+Daniel Shaulov
+Daniele Esposti
+Daniele Nicolodi
+Daniele Procida
+Daniil Konovalenko
+Danny Hermes
+Danny McClanahan
+Darren Kavanagh
+Dav Clark
+Dave Abrahams
+Dave Jones
+David Aguilar
+David Black
+David Bordeynik
+David Caro
+David D Lowe
+David Evans
+David Hewitt
+David Linke
+David Poggi
+David Pursehouse
+David Runge
+David Tucker
+David Wales
+Davidovich
+ddelange
+Deepak Sharma
+Deepyaman Datta
+Denise Yu
+dependabot[bot]
+derwolfe
+Desetude
+Devesh Kumar Singh
+Diego Caraballo
+Diego Ramirez
+DiegoCaraballo
+Dimitri Merejkowsky
+Dimitri Papadopoulos
+Dirk Stolle
+Dmitry Gladkov
+Dmitry Volodin
+Domen Kožar
+Dominic Davis-Foster
+Donald Stufft
+Dongweiming
+doron zarhi
+Dos Moonen
+Douglas Thor
+DrFeathers
+Dustin Ingram
+Dwayne Bailey
+Ed Morley
+Edgar Ramírez
+Edgar Ramírez Mondragón
+Ee Durbin
+Efflam Lemaillet
+efflamlemaillet
+Eitan Adler
+ekristina
+elainechan
+Eli Schwartz
+Elisha Hollander
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e7b65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008-present The pip developers (see AUTHORS.txt file)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b45bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/METADATA
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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: pip
+Version: 24.0
+Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
+Author-email: The pip developers <distutils-sig@python.org>
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://pip.pypa.io/
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pip.pypa.io
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pypa/pip
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+License-File: AUTHORS.txt
+
+pip - The Python Package Installer
+==================================
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pip.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pip/
+   :alt: PyPI
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pip
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pip
+   :alt: PyPI - Python Version
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pip/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest
+   :alt: Documentation
+
+pip is the `package installer`_ for Python. You can use pip to install packages from the `Python Package Index`_ and other indexes.
+
+Please take a look at our documentation for how to install and use pip:
+
+* `Installation`_
+* `Usage`_
+
+We release updates regularly, with a new version every 3 months. Find more details in our documentation:
+
+* `Release notes`_
+* `Release process`_
+
+If you find bugs, need help, or want to talk to the developers, please use our mailing lists or chat rooms:
+
+* `Issue tracking`_
+* `Discourse channel`_
+* `User IRC`_
+
+If you want to get involved head over to GitHub to get the source code, look at our development documentation and feel free to jump on the developer mailing lists and chat rooms:
+
+* `GitHub page`_
+* `Development documentation`_
+* `Development IRC`_
+
+Code of Conduct
+---------------
+
+Everyone interacting in the pip project's codebases, issue trackers, chat
+rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the `PSF Code of Conduct`_.
+
+.. _package installer: https://packaging.python.org/guides/tool-recommendations/
+.. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.org
+.. _Installation: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/
+.. _Usage: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/
+.. _Release notes: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news.html
+.. _Release process: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/
+.. _GitHub page: https://github.com/pypa/pip
+.. _Development documentation: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development
+.. _Issue tracking: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues
+.. _Discourse channel: https://discuss.python.org/c/packaging
+.. _User IRC: https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#ircs://irc.libera.chat:+6697/pypa
+.. _Development IRC: https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#ircs://irc.libera.chat:+6697/pypa-dev
+.. _PSF Code of Conduct: https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c0d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.42.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26fa361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[console_scripts]
+pip = pip._internal.cli.main:main
+pip3 = pip._internal.cli.main:main
+pip3.12 = pip._internal.cli.main:main
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be0e3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+__version__ = "24.0"
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is an internal API only meant for use by pip's own console scripts.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5991326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Remove '' and current working directory from the first entry
+# of sys.path, if present to avoid using current directory
+# in pip commands check, freeze, install, list and show,
+# when invoked as python -m pip <command>
+if sys.path[0] in ("", os.getcwd()):
+    sys.path.pop(0)
+
+# If we are running from a wheel, add the wheel to sys.path
+# This allows the usage python pip-*.whl/pip install pip-*.whl
+if __package__ == "":
+    # __file__ is pip-*.whl/pip/__main__.py
+    # first dirname call strips of '/__main__.py', second strips off '/pip'
+    # Resulting path is the name of the wheel itself
+    # Add that to sys.path so we can import pip
+    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    sys.path.insert(0, path)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
+
+    sys.exit(_main())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a148a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""Execute exactly this copy of pip, within a different environment.
+
+This file is named as it is, to ensure that this module can't be imported via
+an import statement.
+"""
+
+# /!\ This version compatibility check section must be Python 2 compatible. /!\
+
+import sys
+
+# Copied from setup.py
+PYTHON_REQUIRES = (3, 7)
+
+
+def version_str(version):  # type: ignore
+    return ".".join(str(v) for v in version)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < PYTHON_REQUIRES:
+    raise SystemExit(
+        "This version of pip does not support python {} (requires >={}).".format(
+            version_str(sys.version_info[:2]), version_str(PYTHON_REQUIRES)
+        )
+    )
+
+# From here on, we can use Python 3 features, but the syntax must remain
+# Python 2 compatible.
+
+import runpy  # noqa: E402
+from importlib.machinery import PathFinder  # noqa: E402
+from os.path import dirname  # noqa: E402
+
+PIP_SOURCES_ROOT = dirname(dirname(__file__))
+
+
+class PipImportRedirectingFinder:
+    @classmethod
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):  # type: ignore
+        if fullname != "pip":
+            return None
+
+        spec = PathFinder.find_spec(fullname, [PIP_SOURCES_ROOT], target)
+        assert spec, (PIP_SOURCES_ROOT, fullname)
+        return spec
+
+
+sys.meta_path.insert(0, PipImportRedirectingFinder())
+
+assert __name__ == "__main__", "Cannot run __pip-runner__.py as a non-main module"
+runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..96c6b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.utils import _log
+
+# init_logging() must be called before any call to logging.getLogger()
+# which happens at import of most modules.
+_log.init_logging()
+
+
+def main(args: (Optional[List[str]]) = None) -> int:
+    """This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
+    it.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f704a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+"""Build Environment used for isolation during sdist building
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import site
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip import __file__ as pip_location
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.locations import get_platlib, get_purelib, get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment, get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _dedup(a: str, b: str) -> Union[Tuple[str], Tuple[str, str]]:
+    return (a, b) if a != b else (a,)
+
+
+class _Prefix:
+    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.setup = False
+        scheme = get_scheme("", prefix=path)
+        self.bin_dir = scheme.scripts
+        self.lib_dirs = _dedup(scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib)
+
+
+def get_runnable_pip() -> str:
+    """Get a file to pass to a Python executable, to run the currently-running pip.
+
+    This is used to run a pip subprocess, for installing requirements into the build
+    environment.
+    """
+    source = pathlib.Path(pip_location).resolve().parent
+
+    if not source.is_dir():
+        # This would happen if someone is using pip from inside a zip file. In that
+        # case, we can use that directly.
+        return str(source)
+
+    return os.fsdecode(source / "__pip-runner__.py")
+
+
+def _get_system_sitepackages() -> Set[str]:
+    """Get system site packages
+
+    Usually from site.getsitepackages,
+    but fallback on `get_purelib()/get_platlib()` if unavailable
+    (e.g. in a virtualenv created by virtualenv<20)
+
+    Returns normalized set of strings.
+    """
+    if hasattr(site, "getsitepackages"):
+        system_sites = site.getsitepackages()
+    else:
+        # virtualenv < 20 overwrites site.py without getsitepackages
+        # fallback on get_purelib/get_platlib.
+        # this is known to miss things, but shouldn't in the cases
+        # where getsitepackages() has been removed (inside a virtualenv)
+        system_sites = [get_purelib(), get_platlib()]
+    return {os.path.normcase(path) for path in system_sites}
+
+
+class BuildEnvironment:
+    """Creates and manages an isolated environment to install build deps"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind=tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV, globally_managed=True)
+
+        self._prefixes = OrderedDict(
+            (name, _Prefix(os.path.join(temp_dir.path, name)))
+            for name in ("normal", "overlay")
+        )
+
+        self._bin_dirs: List[str] = []
+        self._lib_dirs: List[str] = []
+        for prefix in reversed(list(self._prefixes.values())):
+            self._bin_dirs.append(prefix.bin_dir)
+            self._lib_dirs.extend(prefix.lib_dirs)
+
+        # Customize site to:
+        # - ensure .pth files are honored
+        # - prevent access to system site packages
+        system_sites = _get_system_sitepackages()
+
+        self._site_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir.path, "site")
+        if not os.path.exists(self._site_dir):
+            os.mkdir(self._site_dir)
+        with open(
+            os.path.join(self._site_dir, "sitecustomize.py"), "w", encoding="utf-8"
+        ) as fp:
+            fp.write(
+                textwrap.dedent(
+                    """
+                import os, site, sys
+
+                # First, drop system-sites related paths.
+                original_sys_path = sys.path[:]
+                known_paths = set()
+                for path in {system_sites!r}:
+                    site.addsitedir(path, known_paths=known_paths)
+                system_paths = set(
+                    os.path.normcase(path)
+                    for path in sys.path[len(original_sys_path):]
+                )
+                original_sys_path = [
+                    path for path in original_sys_path
+                    if os.path.normcase(path) not in system_paths
+                ]
+                sys.path = original_sys_path
+
+                # Second, add lib directories.
+                # ensuring .pth file are processed.
+                for path in {lib_dirs!r}:
+                    assert not path in sys.path
+                    site.addsitedir(path)
+                """
+                ).format(system_sites=system_sites, lib_dirs=self._lib_dirs)
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        self._save_env = {
+            name: os.environ.get(name, None)
+            for name in ("PATH", "PYTHONNOUSERSITE", "PYTHONPATH")
+        }
+
+        path = self._bin_dirs[:]
+        old_path = self._save_env["PATH"]
+        if old_path:
+            path.extend(old_path.split(os.pathsep))
+
+        pythonpath = [self._site_dir]
+
+        os.environ.update(
+            {
+                "PATH": os.pathsep.join(path),
+                "PYTHONNOUSERSITE": "1",
+                "PYTHONPATH": os.pathsep.join(pythonpath),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        for varname, old_value in self._save_env.items():
+            if old_value is None:
+                os.environ.pop(varname, None)
+            else:
+                os.environ[varname] = old_value
+
+    def check_requirements(
+        self, reqs: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Tuple[Set[Tuple[str, str]], Set[str]]:
+        """Return 2 sets:
+        - conflicting requirements: set of (installed, wanted) reqs tuples
+        - missing requirements: set of reqs
+        """
+        missing = set()
+        conflicting = set()
+        if reqs:
+            env = (
+                get_environment(self._lib_dirs)
+                if hasattr(self, "_lib_dirs")
+                else get_default_environment()
+            )
+            for req_str in reqs:
+                req = Requirement(req_str)
+                # We're explicitly evaluating with an empty extra value, since build
+                # environments are not provided any mechanism to select specific extras.
+                if req.marker is not None and not req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""}):
+                    continue
+                dist = env.get_distribution(req.name)
+                if not dist:
+                    missing.add(req_str)
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(dist.version, Version):
+                    installed_req_str = f"{req.name}=={dist.version}"
+                else:
+                    installed_req_str = f"{req.name}==={dist.version}"
+                if not req.specifier.contains(dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                    conflicting.add((installed_req_str, req_str))
+                # FIXME: Consider direct URL?
+        return conflicting, missing
+
+    def install_requirements(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix_as_string: str,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        prefix = self._prefixes[prefix_as_string]
+        assert not prefix.setup
+        prefix.setup = True
+        if not requirements:
+            return
+        self._install_requirements(
+            get_runnable_pip(),
+            finder,
+            requirements,
+            prefix,
+            kind=kind,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _install_requirements(
+        pip_runnable: str,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix: _Prefix,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        args: List[str] = [
+            sys.executable,
+            pip_runnable,
+            "install",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            "--no-user",
+            "--prefix",
+            prefix.path,
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+        ]
+        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
+            args.append("-v")
+        for format_control in ("no_binary", "only_binary"):
+            formats = getattr(finder.format_control, format_control)
+            args.extend(
+                (
+                    "--" + format_control.replace("_", "-"),
+                    ",".join(sorted(formats or {":none:"})),
+                )
+            )
+
+        index_urls = finder.index_urls
+        if index_urls:
+            args.extend(["-i", index_urls[0]])
+            for extra_index in index_urls[1:]:
+                args.extend(["--extra-index-url", extra_index])
+        else:
+            args.append("--no-index")
+        for link in finder.find_links:
+            args.extend(["--find-links", link])
+
+        for host in finder.trusted_hosts:
+            args.extend(["--trusted-host", host])
+        if finder.allow_all_prereleases:
+            args.append("--pre")
+        if finder.prefer_binary:
+            args.append("--prefer-binary")
+        args.append("--")
+        args.extend(requirements)
+        extra_environ = {"_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT": where()}
+        with open_spinner(f"Installing {kind}") as spinner:
+            call_subprocess(
+                args,
+                command_desc=f"pip subprocess to install {kind}",
+                spinner=spinner,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+            )
+
+
+class NoOpBuildEnvironment(BuildEnvironment):
+    """A no-op drop-in replacement for BuildEnvironment"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def install_requirements(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix_as_string: str,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f45ac23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""Cache Management
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag, interpreter_name, interpreter_version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ORIGIN_JSON_NAME = "origin.json"
+
+
+def _hash_dict(d: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    """Return a stable sha224 of a dictionary."""
+    s = json.dumps(d, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=True)
+    return hashlib.sha224(s.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()
+
+
+class Cache:
+    """An abstract class - provides cache directories for data from links
+
+    :param cache_dir: The root of the cache.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
+        self.cache_dir = cache_dir or None
+
+    def _get_cache_path_parts(self, link: Link) -> List[str]:
+        """Get parts of part that must be os.path.joined with cache_dir"""
+
+        # We want to generate an url to use as our cache key, we don't want to
+        # just re-use the URL because it might have other items in the fragment
+        # and we don't care about those.
+        key_parts = {"url": link.url_without_fragment}
+        if link.hash_name is not None and link.hash is not None:
+            key_parts[link.hash_name] = link.hash
+        if link.subdirectory_fragment:
+            key_parts["subdirectory"] = link.subdirectory_fragment
+
+        # Include interpreter name, major and minor version in cache key
+        # to cope with ill-behaved sdists that build a different wheel
+        # depending on the python version their setup.py is being run on,
+        # and don't encode the difference in compatibility tags.
+        # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7296
+        key_parts["interpreter_name"] = interpreter_name()
+        key_parts["interpreter_version"] = interpreter_version()
+
+        # Encode our key url with sha224, we'll use this because it has similar
+        # security properties to sha256, but with a shorter total output (and
+        # thus less secure). However the differences don't make a lot of
+        # difference for our use case here.
+        hashed = _hash_dict(key_parts)
+
+        # We want to nest the directories some to prevent having a ton of top
+        # level directories where we might run out of sub directories on some
+        # FS.
+        parts = [hashed[:2], hashed[2:4], hashed[4:6], hashed[6:]]
+
+        return parts
+
+    def _get_candidates(self, link: Link, canonical_package_name: str) -> List[Any]:
+        can_not_cache = not self.cache_dir or not canonical_package_name or not link
+        if can_not_cache:
+            return []
+
+        path = self.get_path_for_link(link)
+        if os.path.isdir(path):
+            return [(candidate, path) for candidate in os.listdir(path)]
+        return []
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        """Return a directory to store cached items in for link."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        """Returns a link to a cached item if it exists, otherwise returns the
+        passed link.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SimpleWheelCache(Cache):
+    """A cache of wheels for future installs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(cache_dir)
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        """Return a directory to store cached wheels for link
+
+        Because there are M wheels for any one sdist, we provide a directory
+        to cache them in, and then consult that directory when looking up
+        cache hits.
+
+        We only insert things into the cache if they have plausible version
+        numbers, so that we don't contaminate the cache with things that were
+        not unique. E.g. ./package might have dozens of installs done for it
+        and build a version of 0.0...and if we built and cached a wheel, we'd
+        end up using the same wheel even if the source has been edited.
+
+        :param link: The link of the sdist for which this will cache wheels.
+        """
+        parts = self._get_cache_path_parts(link)
+        assert self.cache_dir
+        # Store wheels within the root cache_dir
+        return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, "wheels", *parts)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        candidates = []
+
+        if not package_name:
+            return link
+
+        canonical_package_name = canonicalize_name(package_name)
+        for wheel_name, wheel_dir in self._get_candidates(link, canonical_package_name):
+            try:
+                wheel = Wheel(wheel_name)
+            except InvalidWheelFilename:
+                continue
+            if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != canonical_package_name:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ignoring cached wheel %s for %s as it "
+                    "does not match the expected distribution name %s.",
+                    wheel_name,
+                    link,
+                    package_name,
+                )
+                continue
+            if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
+                # Built for a different python/arch/etc
+                continue
+            candidates.append(
+                (
+                    wheel.support_index_min(supported_tags),
+                    wheel_name,
+                    wheel_dir,
+                )
+            )
+
+        if not candidates:
+            return link
+
+        _, wheel_name, wheel_dir = min(candidates)
+        return Link(path_to_url(os.path.join(wheel_dir, wheel_name)))
+
+
+class EphemWheelCache(SimpleWheelCache):
+    """A SimpleWheelCache that creates it's own temporary cache directory"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._temp_dir = TempDirectory(
+            kind=tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(self._temp_dir.path)
+
+
+class CacheEntry:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        persistent: bool,
+    ):
+        self.link = link
+        self.persistent = persistent
+        self.origin: Optional[DirectUrl] = None
+        origin_direct_url_path = Path(self.link.file_path).parent / ORIGIN_JSON_NAME
+        if origin_direct_url_path.exists():
+            try:
+                self.origin = DirectUrl.from_json(
+                    origin_direct_url_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid cache entry origin file %s for %s (%s)",
+                    origin_direct_url_path,
+                    link.filename,
+                    e,
+                )
+
+
+class WheelCache(Cache):
+    """Wraps EphemWheelCache and SimpleWheelCache into a single Cache
+
+    This Cache allows for gracefully degradation, using the ephem wheel cache
+    when a certain link is not found in the simple wheel cache first.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(cache_dir)
+        self._wheel_cache = SimpleWheelCache(cache_dir)
+        self._ephem_cache = EphemWheelCache()
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
+
+    def get_ephem_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        return self._ephem_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        cache_entry = self.get_cache_entry(link, package_name, supported_tags)
+        if cache_entry is None:
+            return link
+        return cache_entry.link
+
+    def get_cache_entry(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Returns a CacheEntry with a link to a cached item if it exists or
+        None. The cache entry indicates if the item was found in the persistent
+        or ephemeral cache.
+        """
+        retval = self._wheel_cache.get(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=package_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+        )
+        if retval is not link:
+            return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=True)
+
+        retval = self._ephem_cache.get(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=package_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+        )
+        if retval is not link:
+            return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=False)
+
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def record_download_origin(cache_dir: str, download_info: DirectUrl) -> None:
+        origin_path = Path(cache_dir) / ORIGIN_JSON_NAME
+        if origin_path.exists():
+            try:
+                origin = DirectUrl.from_json(origin_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Could not read origin file %s in cache entry (%s). "
+                    "Will attempt to overwrite it.",
+                    origin_path,
+                    e,
+                )
+            else:
+                # TODO: use DirectUrl.equivalent when
+                # https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/10564 is merged.
+                if origin.url != download_info.url:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Origin URL %s in cache entry %s does not match download URL "
+                        "%s. This is likely a pip bug or a cache corruption issue. "
+                        "Will overwrite it with the new value.",
+                        origin.url,
+                        cache_dir,
+                        download_info.url,
+                    )
+        origin_path.write_text(download_info.to_json(), encoding="utf-8")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e589bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Subpackage containing all of pip's command line interface related code
+"""
+
+# This file intentionally does not import submodules
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5950b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Logic that powers autocompletion installed by ``pip completion``.
+"""
+
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
+from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, create_command
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+
+
+def autocomplete() -> None:
+    """Entry Point for completion of main and subcommand options."""
+    # Don't complete if user hasn't sourced bash_completion file.
+    if "PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE" not in os.environ:
+        return
+    cwords = os.environ["COMP_WORDS"].split()[1:]
+    cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+    try:
+        current = cwords[cword - 1]
+    except IndexError:
+        current = ""
+
+    parser = create_main_parser()
+    subcommands = list(commands_dict)
+    options = []
+
+    # subcommand
+    subcommand_name: Optional[str] = None
+    for word in cwords:
+        if word in subcommands:
+            subcommand_name = word
+            break
+    # subcommand options
+    if subcommand_name is not None:
+        # special case: 'help' subcommand has no options
+        if subcommand_name == "help":
+            sys.exit(1)
+        # special case: list locally installed dists for show and uninstall
+        should_list_installed = not current.startswith("-") and subcommand_name in [
+            "show",
+            "uninstall",
+        ]
+        if should_list_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            lc = current.lower()
+            installed = [
+                dist.canonical_name
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=True)
+                if dist.canonical_name.startswith(lc)
+                and dist.canonical_name not in cwords[1:]
+            ]
+            # if there are no dists installed, fall back to option completion
+            if installed:
+                for dist in installed:
+                    print(dist)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+        should_list_installables = (
+            not current.startswith("-") and subcommand_name == "install"
+        )
+        if should_list_installables:
+            for path in auto_complete_paths(current, "path"):
+                print(path)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        subcommand = create_command(subcommand_name)
+
+        for opt in subcommand.parser.option_list_all:
+            if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+                options += [
+                    (opt_str, opt.nargs) for opt_str in opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
+                ]
+
+        # filter out previously specified options from available options
+        prev_opts = [x.split("=")[0] for x in cwords[1 : cword - 1]]
+        options = [(x, v) for (x, v) in options if x not in prev_opts]
+        # filter options by current input
+        options = [(k, v) for k, v in options if k.startswith(current)]
+        # get completion type given cwords and available subcommand options
+        completion_type = get_path_completion_type(
+            cwords,
+            cword,
+            subcommand.parser.option_list_all,
+        )
+        # get completion files and directories if ``completion_type`` is
+        # ``<file>``, ``<dir>`` or ``<path>``
+        if completion_type:
+            paths = auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type)
+            options = [(path, 0) for path in paths]
+        for option in options:
+            opt_label = option[0]
+            # append '=' to options which require args
+            if option[1] and option[0][:2] == "--":
+                opt_label += "="
+            print(opt_label)
+    else:
+        # show main parser options only when necessary
+
+        opts = [i.option_list for i in parser.option_groups]
+        opts.append(parser.option_list)
+        flattened_opts = chain.from_iterable(opts)
+        if current.startswith("-"):
+            for opt in flattened_opts:
+                if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+                    subcommands += opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
+        else:
+            # get completion type given cwords and all available options
+            completion_type = get_path_completion_type(cwords, cword, flattened_opts)
+            if completion_type:
+                subcommands = list(auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type))
+
+        print(" ".join([x for x in subcommands if x.startswith(current)]))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def get_path_completion_type(
+    cwords: List[str], cword: int, opts: Iterable[Any]
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Get the type of path completion (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
+
+    :param cwords: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_WORDS``
+    :param cword: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_CWORD``
+    :param opts: The available options to check
+    :return: path completion type (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
+    """
+    if cword < 2 or not cwords[cword - 2].startswith("-"):
+        return None
+    for opt in opts:
+        if opt.help == optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+            continue
+        for o in str(opt).split("/"):
+            if cwords[cword - 2].split("=")[0] == o:
+                if not opt.metavar or any(
+                    x in ("path", "file", "dir") for x in opt.metavar.split("/")
+                ):
+                    return opt.metavar
+    return None
+
+
+def auto_complete_paths(current: str, completion_type: str) -> Iterable[str]:
+    """If ``completion_type`` is ``file`` or ``path``, list all regular files
+    and directories starting with ``current``; otherwise only list directories
+    starting with ``current``.
+
+    :param current: The word to be completed
+    :param completion_type: path completion type(``file``, ``path`` or ``dir``)
+    :return: A generator of regular files and/or directories
+    """
+    directory, filename = os.path.split(current)
+    current_path = os.path.abspath(directory)
+    # Don't complete paths if they can't be accessed
+    if not os.access(current_path, os.R_OK):
+        return
+    filename = os.path.normcase(filename)
+    # list all files that start with ``filename``
+    file_list = (
+        x for x in os.listdir(current_path) if os.path.normcase(x).startswith(filename)
+    )
+    for f in file_list:
+        opt = os.path.join(current_path, f)
+        comp_file = os.path.normcase(os.path.join(directory, f))
+        # complete regular files when there is not ``<dir>`` after option
+        # complete directories when there is ``<file>``, ``<path>`` or
+        # ``<dir>``after option
+        if completion_type != "dir" and os.path.isfile(opt):
+            yield comp_file
+        elif os.path.isdir(opt):
+            yield os.path.join(comp_file, "")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db9d5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+"""Base Command class, and related routines"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import logging.config
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+import traceback
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import traceback as rich_traceback
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser, UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import (
+    ERROR,
+    PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR,
+    UNKNOWN_ERROR,
+    VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND,
+)
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BadCommand,
+    CommandError,
+    DiagnosticPipError,
+    InstallationError,
+    NetworkConnectionError,
+    PreviousBuildDirError,
+    UninstallationError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import check_path_owner
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import BrokenStdoutLoggingError, setup_logging
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectoryTypeRegistry as TempDirRegistry
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import global_tempdir_manager, tempdir_registry
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+__all__ = ["Command"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Command(CommandContextMixIn):
+    usage: str = ""
+    ignore_require_venv: bool = False
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, summary: str, isolated: bool = False) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.summary = summary
+        self.parser = ConfigOptionParser(
+            usage=self.usage,
+            prog=f"{get_prog()} {name}",
+            formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
+            add_help_option=False,
+            name=name,
+            description=self.__doc__,
+            isolated=isolated,
+        )
+
+        self.tempdir_registry: Optional[TempDirRegistry] = None
+
+        # Commands should add options to this option group
+        optgroup_name = f"{self.name.capitalize()} Options"
+        self.cmd_opts = optparse.OptionGroup(self.parser, optgroup_name)
+
+        # Add the general options
+        gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.general_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+        self.parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
+
+        self.add_options()
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        """
+        This is a no-op so that commands by default do not do the pip version
+        check.
+        """
+        # Make sure we do the pip version check if the index_group options
+        # are present.
+        assert not hasattr(options, "no_index")
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def parse_args(self, args: List[str]) -> Tuple[Values, List[str]]:
+        # factored out for testability
+        return self.parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    def main(self, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        try:
+            with self.main_context():
+                return self._main(args)
+        finally:
+            logging.shutdown()
+
+    def _main(self, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        # We must initialize this before the tempdir manager, otherwise the
+        # configuration would not be accessible by the time we clean up the
+        # tempdir manager.
+        self.tempdir_registry = self.enter_context(tempdir_registry())
+        # Intentionally set as early as possible so globally-managed temporary
+        # directories are available to the rest of the code.
+        self.enter_context(global_tempdir_manager())
+
+        options, args = self.parse_args(args)
+
+        # Set verbosity so that it can be used elsewhere.
+        self.verbosity = options.verbose - options.quiet
+
+        level_number = setup_logging(
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            no_color=options.no_color,
+            user_log_file=options.log,
+        )
+
+        always_enabled_features = set(options.features_enabled) & set(
+            cmdoptions.ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES
+        )
+        if always_enabled_features:
+            logger.warning(
+                "The following features are always enabled: %s. ",
+                ", ".join(sorted(always_enabled_features)),
+            )
+
+        # Make sure that the --python argument isn't specified after the
+        # subcommand. We can tell, because if --python was specified,
+        # we should only reach this point if we're running in the created
+        # subprocess, which has the _PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS environment
+        # variable set.
+        if options.python and "_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS" not in os.environ:
+            logger.critical(
+                "The --python option must be placed before the pip subcommand name"
+            )
+            sys.exit(ERROR)
+
+        # TODO: Try to get these passing down from the command?
+        #       without resorting to os.environ to hold these.
+        #       This also affects isolated builds and it should.
+
+        if options.no_input:
+            os.environ["PIP_NO_INPUT"] = "1"
+
+        if options.exists_action:
+            os.environ["PIP_EXISTS_ACTION"] = " ".join(options.exists_action)
+
+        if options.require_venv and not self.ignore_require_venv:
+            # If a venv is required check if it can really be found
+            if not running_under_virtualenv():
+                logger.critical("Could not find an activated virtualenv (required).")
+                sys.exit(VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND)
+
+        if options.cache_dir:
+            options.cache_dir = normalize_path(options.cache_dir)
+            if not check_path_owner(options.cache_dir):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "The directory '%s' or its parent directory is not owned "
+                    "or is not writable by the current user. The cache "
+                    "has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of "
+                    "that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you should "
+                    "use sudo's -H flag.",
+                    options.cache_dir,
+                )
+                options.cache_dir = None
+
+        def intercepts_unhandled_exc(
+            run_func: Callable[..., int]
+        ) -> Callable[..., int]:
+            @functools.wraps(run_func)
+            def exc_logging_wrapper(*args: Any) -> int:
+                try:
+                    status = run_func(*args)
+                    assert isinstance(status, int)
+                    return status
+                except DiagnosticPipError as exc:
+                    logger.error("%s", exc, extra={"rich": True})
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except PreviousBuildDirError as exc:
+                    logger.critical(str(exc))
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR
+                except (
+                    InstallationError,
+                    UninstallationError,
+                    BadCommand,
+                    NetworkConnectionError,
+                ) as exc:
+                    logger.critical(str(exc))
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except CommandError as exc:
+                    logger.critical("%s", exc)
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except BrokenStdoutLoggingError:
+                    # Bypass our logger and write any remaining messages to
+                    # stderr because stdout no longer works.
+                    print("ERROR: Pipe to stdout was broken", file=sys.stderr)
+                    if level_number <= logging.DEBUG:
+                        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    logger.critical("Operation cancelled by user")
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except BaseException:
+                    logger.critical("Exception:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return UNKNOWN_ERROR
+
+            return exc_logging_wrapper
+
+        try:
+            if not options.debug_mode:
+                run = intercepts_unhandled_exc(self.run)
+            else:
+                run = self.run
+                rich_traceback.install(show_locals=True)
+            return run(options, args)
+        finally:
+            self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d643256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1074 @@
+"""
+shared options and groups
+
+The principle here is to define options once, but *not* instantiate them
+globally. One reason being that options with action='append' can carry state
+between parses. pip parses general options twice internally, and shouldn't
+pass on state. To be consistent, all options will follow this design.
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import importlib.util
+import logging
+import os
+import textwrap
+from functools import partial
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Option, OptionGroup, OptionParser, Values
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.locations import USER_CACHE_DIR, get_src_prefix
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import STRONG_HASHES
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def raise_option_error(parser: OptionParser, option: Option, msg: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Raise an option parsing error using parser.error().
+
+    Args:
+      parser: an OptionParser instance.
+      option: an Option instance.
+      msg: the error text.
+    """
+    msg = f"{option} error: {msg}"
+    msg = textwrap.fill(" ".join(msg.split()))
+    parser.error(msg)
+
+
+def make_option_group(group: Dict[str, Any], parser: ConfigOptionParser) -> OptionGroup:
+    """
+    Return an OptionGroup object
+    group  -- assumed to be dict with 'name' and 'options' keys
+    parser -- an optparse Parser
+    """
+    option_group = OptionGroup(parser, group["name"])
+    for option in group["options"]:
+        option_group.add_option(option())
+    return option_group
+
+
+def check_dist_restriction(options: Values, check_target: bool = False) -> None:
+    """Function for determining if custom platform options are allowed.
+
+    :param options: The OptionParser options.
+    :param check_target: Whether or not to check if --target is being used.
+    """
+    dist_restriction_set = any(
+        [
+            options.python_version,
+            options.platforms,
+            options.abis,
+            options.implementation,
+        ]
+    )
+
+    binary_only = FormatControl(set(), {":all:"})
+    sdist_dependencies_allowed = (
+        options.format_control != binary_only and not options.ignore_dependencies
+    )
+
+    # Installations or downloads using dist restrictions must not combine
+    # source distributions and dist-specific wheels, as they are not
+    # guaranteed to be locally compatible.
+    if dist_restriction_set and sdist_dependencies_allowed:
+        raise CommandError(
+            "When restricting platform and interpreter constraints using "
+            "--python-version, --platform, --abi, or --implementation, "
+            "either --no-deps must be set, or --only-binary=:all: must be "
+            "set and --no-binary must not be set (or must be set to "
+            ":none:)."
+        )
+
+    if check_target:
+        if not options.dry_run and dist_restriction_set and not options.target_dir:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not use any platform or abi specific options unless "
+                "installing via '--target' or using '--dry-run'"
+            )
+
+
+def _path_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.expanduser(value)
+
+
+def _package_name_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
+    return canonicalize_name(value)
+
+
+class PipOption(Option):
+    TYPES = Option.TYPES + ("path", "package_name")
+    TYPE_CHECKER = Option.TYPE_CHECKER.copy()
+    TYPE_CHECKER["package_name"] = _package_name_option_check
+    TYPE_CHECKER["path"] = _path_option_check
+
+
+###########
+# options #
+###########
+
+help_: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-h",
+    "--help",
+    dest="help",
+    action="help",
+    help="Show help.",
+)
+
+debug_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--debug",
+    dest="debug_mode",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, "
+        "instead of logging them to stderr."
+    ),
+)
+
+isolated_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--isolated",
+    dest="isolated_mode",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user "
+        "configuration."
+    ),
+)
+
+require_virtualenv: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--require-virtualenv",
+    "--require-venv",
+    dest="require_venv",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; "
+        "exit with an error otherwise."
+    ),
+)
+
+override_externally_managed: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--break-system-packages",
+    dest="override_externally_managed",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Allow pip to modify an EXTERNALLY-MANAGED Python installation",
+)
+
+python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--python",
+    dest="python",
+    help="Run pip with the specified Python interpreter.",
+)
+
+verbose: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-v",
+    "--verbose",
+    dest="verbose",
+    action="count",
+    default=0,
+    help="Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.",
+)
+
+no_color: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-color",
+    dest="no_color",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Suppress colored output.",
+)
+
+version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-V",
+    "--version",
+    dest="version",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Show version and exit.",
+)
+
+quiet: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-q",
+    "--quiet",
+    dest="quiet",
+    action="count",
+    default=0,
+    help=(
+        "Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3"
+        " times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging"
+        " levels)."
+    ),
+)
+
+progress_bar: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--progress-bar",
+    dest="progress_bar",
+    type="choice",
+    choices=["on", "off"],
+    default="on",
+    help="Specify whether the progress bar should be used [on, off] (default: on)",
+)
+
+log: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--log",
+    "--log-file",
+    "--local-log",
+    dest="log",
+    metavar="path",
+    type="path",
+    help="Path to a verbose appending log.",
+)
+
+no_input: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    # Don't ask for input
+    "--no-input",
+    dest="no_input",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Disable prompting for input.",
+)
+
+keyring_provider: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--keyring-provider",
+    dest="keyring_provider",
+    choices=["auto", "disabled", "import", "subprocess"],
+    default="auto",
+    help=(
+        "Enable the credential lookup via the keyring library if user input is allowed."
+        " Specify which mechanism to use [disabled, import, subprocess]."
+        " (default: disabled)"
+    ),
+)
+
+proxy: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--proxy",
+    dest="proxy",
+    type="str",
+    default="",
+    help="Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.",
+)
+
+retries: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--retries",
+    dest="retries",
+    type="int",
+    default=5,
+    help="Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt "
+    "(default %default times).",
+)
+
+timeout: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--timeout",
+    "--default-timeout",
+    metavar="sec",
+    dest="timeout",
+    type="float",
+    default=15,
+    help="Set the socket timeout (default %default seconds).",
+)
+
+
+def exists_action() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        # Option when path already exist
+        "--exists-action",
+        dest="exists_action",
+        type="choice",
+        choices=["s", "i", "w", "b", "a"],
+        default=[],
+        action="append",
+        metavar="action",
+        help="Default action when a path already exists: "
+        "(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.",
+    )
+
+
+cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--cert",
+    dest="cert",
+    type="path",
+    metavar="path",
+    help=(
+        "Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. "
+        "If provided, overrides the default. "
+        "See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation "
+        "for more information."
+    ),
+)
+
+client_cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--client-cert",
+    dest="client_cert",
+    type="path",
+    default=None,
+    metavar="path",
+    help="Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the "
+    "private key and the certificate in PEM format.",
+)
+
+index_url: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-i",
+    "--index-url",
+    "--pypi-url",
+    dest="index_url",
+    metavar="URL",
+    default=PyPI.simple_url,
+    help="Base URL of the Python Package Index (default %default). "
+    "This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 "
+    "(the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out "
+    "in the same format.",
+)
+
+
+def extra_index_url() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--extra-index-url",
+        dest="extra_index_urls",
+        metavar="URL",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        help="Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to "
+        "--index-url. Should follow the same rules as "
+        "--index-url.",
+    )
+
+
+no_index: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-index",
+    dest="no_index",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).",
+)
+
+
+def find_links() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-f",
+        "--find-links",
+        dest="find_links",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="url",
+        help="If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to "
+        "archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. "
+        "If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, "
+        "then look for archives in the directory listing. "
+        "Links to VCS project URLs are not supported.",
+    )
+
+
+def trusted_host() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--trusted-host",
+        dest="trusted_hosts",
+        action="append",
+        metavar="HOSTNAME",
+        default=[],
+        help="Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it "
+        "does not have valid or any HTTPS.",
+    )
+
+
+def constraints() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-c",
+        "--constraint",
+        dest="constraints",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Constrain versions using the given constraints file. "
+        "This option can be used multiple times.",
+    )
+
+
+def requirements() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-r",
+        "--requirement",
+        dest="requirements",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Install from the given requirements file. "
+        "This option can be used multiple times.",
+    )
+
+
+def editable() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-e",
+        "--editable",
+        dest="editables",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="path/url",
+        help=(
+            "Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "
+            '"develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.'
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_src(option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser) -> None:
+    value = os.path.abspath(value)
+    setattr(parser.values, option.dest, value)
+
+
+src: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--src",
+    "--source",
+    "--source-dir",
+    "--source-directory",
+    dest="src_dir",
+    type="path",
+    metavar="dir",
+    default=get_src_prefix(),
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_src,
+    help="Directory to check out editable projects into. "
+    'The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". '
+    'The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".',
+)
+
+
+def _get_format_control(values: Values, option: Option) -> Any:
+    """Get a format_control object."""
+    return getattr(values, option.dest)
+
+
+def _handle_no_binary(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
+    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.no_binary,
+        existing.only_binary,
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_only_binary(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
+    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.only_binary,
+        existing.no_binary,
+    )
+
+
+def no_binary() -> Option:
+    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--no-binary",
+        dest="format_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_no_binary,
+        type="str",
+        default=format_control,
+        help="Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
+        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
+        'disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice '
+        "the colons), or one or more package names with commas between "
+        "them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile "
+        "and may fail to install when this option is used on them.",
+    )
+
+
+def only_binary() -> Option:
+    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--only-binary",
+        dest="format_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_only_binary,
+        type="str",
+        default=format_control,
+        help="Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
+        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
+        'disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one '
+        "or more package names with commas between them. Packages "
+        "without binary distributions will fail to install when this "
+        "option is used on them.",
+    )
+
+
+platforms: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--platform",
+    dest="platforms",
+    metavar="platform",
+    action="append",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the "
+        "platform of the running system. Use this option multiple times to "
+        "specify multiple platforms supported by the target interpreter."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+# This was made a separate function for unit-testing purposes.
+def _convert_python_version(value: str) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, ...], Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Convert a version string like "3", "37", or "3.7.3" into a tuple of ints.
+
+    :return: A 2-tuple (version_info, error_msg), where `error_msg` is
+        non-None if and only if there was a parsing error.
+    """
+    if not value:
+        # The empty string is the same as not providing a value.
+        return (None, None)
+
+    parts = value.split(".")
+    if len(parts) > 3:
+        return ((), "at most three version parts are allowed")
+
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        # Then we are in the case of "3" or "37".
+        value = parts[0]
+        if len(value) > 1:
+            parts = [value[0], value[1:]]
+
+    try:
+        version_info = tuple(int(part) for part in parts)
+    except ValueError:
+        return ((), "each version part must be an integer")
+
+    return (version_info, None)
+
+
+def _handle_python_version(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Handle a provided --python-version value.
+    """
+    version_info, error_msg = _convert_python_version(value)
+    if error_msg is not None:
+        msg = f"invalid --python-version value: {value!r}: {error_msg}"
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    parser.values.python_version = version_info
+
+
+python_version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--python-version",
+    dest="python_version",
+    metavar="python_version",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_python_version,
+    type="str",
+    default=None,
+    help=dedent(
+        """\
+    The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python"
+    compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running
+    interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated
+    integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor
+    version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
+    """
+    ),
+)
+
+
+implementation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--implementation",
+    dest="implementation",
+    metavar="implementation",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with Python "
+        "implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp', "
+        " or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current "
+        "interpreter implementation is used.  Use 'py' to force "
+        "implementation-agnostic wheels."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+abis: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--abi",
+    dest="abis",
+    metavar="abi",
+    action="append",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. "
+        "If not specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. "
+        "Use this option multiple times to specify multiple abis supported "
+        "by the target interpreter. Generally you will need to specify "
+        "--implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this "
+        "option."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def add_target_python_options(cmd_opts: OptionGroup) -> None:
+    cmd_opts.add_option(platforms())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(python_version())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(implementation())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(abis())
+
+
+def make_target_python(options: Values) -> TargetPython:
+    target_python = TargetPython(
+        platforms=options.platforms,
+        py_version_info=options.python_version,
+        abis=options.abis,
+        implementation=options.implementation,
+    )
+
+    return target_python
+
+
+def prefer_binary() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--prefer-binary",
+        dest="prefer_binary",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help=(
+            "Prefer binary packages over source packages, even if the "
+            "source packages are newer."
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+cache_dir: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--cache-dir",
+    dest="cache_dir",
+    default=USER_CACHE_DIR,
+    metavar="dir",
+    type="path",
+    help="Store the cache data in <dir>.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_no_cache_dir(
+    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process a value provided for the --no-cache-dir option.
+
+    This is an optparse.Option callback for the --no-cache-dir option.
+    """
+    # The value argument will be None if --no-cache-dir is passed via the
+    # command-line, since the option doesn't accept arguments.  However,
+    # the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g. by an
+    # environment variable, like PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=true.
+    if value is not None:
+        # Then parse the string value to get argument error-checking.
+        try:
+            strtobool(value)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=str(exc))
+
+    # Originally, setting PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR to a value that strtobool()
+    # converted to 0 (like "false" or "no") caused cache_dir to be disabled
+    # rather than enabled (logic would say the latter).  Thus, we disable
+    # the cache directory not just on values that parse to True, but (for
+    # backwards compatibility reasons) also on values that parse to False.
+    # In other words, always set it to False if the option is provided in
+    # some (valid) form.
+    parser.values.cache_dir = False
+
+
+no_cache: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-cache-dir",
+    dest="cache_dir",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_no_cache_dir,
+    help="Disable the cache.",
+)
+
+no_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-deps",
+    "--no-dependencies",
+    dest="ignore_dependencies",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't install package dependencies.",
+)
+
+ignore_requires_python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--ignore-requires-python",
+    dest="ignore_requires_python",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Ignore the Requires-Python information.",
+)
+
+no_build_isolation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-build-isolation",
+    dest="build_isolation",
+    action="store_false",
+    default=True,
+    help="Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. "
+    "Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed "
+    "if this option is used.",
+)
+
+check_build_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--check-build-dependencies",
+    dest="check_build_deps",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Check the build dependencies when PEP517 is used.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_no_use_pep517(
+    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process a value provided for the --no-use-pep517 option.
+
+    This is an optparse.Option callback for the no_use_pep517 option.
+    """
+    # Since --no-use-pep517 doesn't accept arguments, the value argument
+    # will be None if --no-use-pep517 is passed via the command-line.
+    # However, the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g.
+    # by an environment variable, for example "PIP_NO_USE_PEP517=true".
+    if value is not None:
+        msg = """A value was passed for --no-use-pep517,
+        probably using either the PIP_NO_USE_PEP517 environment variable
+        or the "no-use-pep517" config file option. Use an appropriate value
+        of the PIP_USE_PEP517 environment variable or the "use-pep517"
+        config file option instead.
+        """
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    # If user doesn't wish to use pep517, we check if setuptools and wheel are installed
+    # and raise error if it is not.
+    packages = ("setuptools", "wheel")
+    if not all(importlib.util.find_spec(package) for package in packages):
+        msg = (
+            f"It is not possible to use --no-use-pep517 "
+            f"without {' and '.join(packages)} installed."
+        )
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    # Otherwise, --no-use-pep517 was passed via the command-line.
+    parser.values.use_pep517 = False
+
+
+use_pep517: Any = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-pep517",
+    dest="use_pep517",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=None,
+    help="Use PEP 517 for building source distributions "
+    "(use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour).",
+)
+
+no_use_pep517: Any = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-use-pep517",
+    dest="use_pep517",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_no_use_pep517,
+    default=None,
+    help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+)
+
+
+def _handle_config_settings(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    key, sep, val = value.partition("=")
+    if sep != "=":
+        parser.error(f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be of the form KEY=VAL")
+    dest = getattr(parser.values, option.dest)
+    if dest is None:
+        dest = {}
+        setattr(parser.values, option.dest, dest)
+    if key in dest:
+        if isinstance(dest[key], list):
+            dest[key].append(val)
+        else:
+            dest[key] = [dest[key], val]
+    else:
+        dest[key] = val
+
+
+config_settings: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-C",
+    "--config-settings",
+    dest="config_settings",
+    type=str,
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_config_settings,
+    metavar="settings",
+    help="Configuration settings to be passed to the PEP 517 build backend. "
+    "Settings take the form KEY=VALUE. Use multiple --config-settings options "
+    "to pass multiple keys to the backend.",
+)
+
+build_options: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--build-option",
+    dest="build_options",
+    metavar="options",
+    action="append",
+    help="Extra arguments to be supplied to 'setup.py bdist_wheel'.",
+)
+
+global_options: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--global-option",
+    dest="global_options",
+    action="append",
+    metavar="options",
+    help="Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py "
+    "call before the install or bdist_wheel command.",
+)
+
+no_clean: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-clean",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't clean up build directories.",
+)
+
+pre: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--pre",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+    "pip only finds stable versions.",
+)
+
+disable_pip_version_check: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--disable-pip-version-check",
+    dest="disable_pip_version_check",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=True,
+    help="Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version "
+    "of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.",
+)
+
+root_user_action: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--root-user-action",
+    dest="root_user_action",
+    default="warn",
+    choices=["warn", "ignore"],
+    help="Action if pip is run as a root user. By default, a warning message is shown.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_merge_hash(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """Given a value spelled "algo:digest", append the digest to a list
+    pointed to in a dict by the algo name."""
+    if not parser.values.hashes:
+        parser.values.hashes = {}
+    try:
+        algo, digest = value.split(":", 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        parser.error(
+            f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be a hash name "
+            "followed by a value, like --hash=sha256:"
+            "abcde..."
+        )
+    if algo not in STRONG_HASHES:
+        parser.error(
+            "Allowed hash algorithms for {} are {}.".format(
+                opt_str, ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
+            )
+        )
+    parser.values.hashes.setdefault(algo, []).append(digest)
+
+
+hash: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--hash",
+    # Hash values eventually end up in InstallRequirement.hashes due to
+    # __dict__ copying in process_line().
+    dest="hashes",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_merge_hash,
+    type="string",
+    help="Verify that the package's archive matches this "
+    "hash before installing. Example: --hash=sha256:abcdef...",
+)
+
+
+require_hashes: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--require-hashes",
+    dest="require_hashes",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Require a hash to check each requirement against, for "
+    "repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a "
+    "requirements file has a --hash option.",
+)
+
+
+list_path: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--path",
+    dest="path",
+    type="path",
+    action="append",
+    help="Restrict to the specified installation path for listing "
+    "packages (can be used multiple times).",
+)
+
+
+def check_list_path_option(options: Values) -> None:
+    if options.path and (options.user or options.local):
+        raise CommandError("Cannot combine '--path' with '--user' or '--local'")
+
+
+list_exclude: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--exclude",
+    dest="excludes",
+    action="append",
+    metavar="package",
+    type="package_name",
+    help="Exclude specified package from the output",
+)
+
+
+no_python_version_warning: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-python-version-warning",
+    dest="no_python_version_warning",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.",
+)
+
+
+# Features that are now always on. A warning is printed if they are used.
+ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES = [
+    "no-binary-enable-wheel-cache",  # always on since 23.1
+]
+
+use_new_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-feature",
+    dest="features_enabled",
+    metavar="feature",
+    action="append",
+    default=[],
+    choices=[
+        "fast-deps",
+        "truststore",
+    ]
+    + ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES,
+    help="Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.",
+)
+
+use_deprecated_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-deprecated",
+    dest="deprecated_features_enabled",
+    metavar="feature",
+    action="append",
+    default=[],
+    choices=[
+        "legacy-resolver",
+    ],
+    help=("Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future."),
+)
+
+
+##########
+# groups #
+##########
+
+general_group: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "name": "General Options",
+    "options": [
+        help_,
+        debug_mode,
+        isolated_mode,
+        require_virtualenv,
+        python,
+        verbose,
+        version,
+        quiet,
+        log,
+        no_input,
+        keyring_provider,
+        proxy,
+        retries,
+        timeout,
+        exists_action,
+        trusted_host,
+        cert,
+        client_cert,
+        cache_dir,
+        no_cache,
+        disable_pip_version_check,
+        no_color,
+        no_python_version_warning,
+        use_new_feature,
+        use_deprecated_feature,
+    ],
+}
+
+index_group: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "name": "Package Index Options",
+    "options": [
+        index_url,
+        extra_index_url,
+        no_index,
+        find_links,
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139995a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from typing import ContextManager, Generator, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", covariant=True)
+
+
+class CommandContextMixIn:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._in_main_context = False
+        self._main_context = ExitStack()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def main_context(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        assert not self._in_main_context
+
+        self._in_main_context = True
+        try:
+            with self._main_context:
+                yield
+        finally:
+            self._in_main_context = False
+
+    def enter_context(self, context_provider: ContextManager[_T]) -> _T:
+        assert self._in_main_context
+
+        return self._main_context.enter_context(context_provider)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e061f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""Primary application entrypoint.
+"""
+import locale
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
+from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import parse_command
+from pip._internal.commands import create_command
+from pip._internal.exceptions import PipError
+from pip._internal.utils import deprecation
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Do not import and use main() directly! Using it directly is actively
+# discouraged by pip's maintainers. The name, location and behavior of
+# this function is subject to change, so calling it directly is not
+# portable across different pip versions.
+
+# In addition, running pip in-process is unsupported and unsafe. This is
+# elaborated in detail at
+# https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#using-pip-from-your-program.
+# That document also provides suggestions that should work for nearly
+# all users that are considering importing and using main() directly.
+
+# However, we know that certain users will still want to invoke pip
+# in-process. If you understand and accept the implications of using pip
+# in an unsupported manner, the best approach is to use runpy to avoid
+# depending on the exact location of this entry point.
+
+# The following example shows how to use runpy to invoke pip in that
+# case:
+#
+#     sys.argv = ["pip", your, args, here]
+#     runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__")
+#
+# Note that this will exit the process after running, unlike a direct
+# call to main. As it is not safe to do any processing after calling
+# main, this should not be an issue in practice.
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    if args is None:
+        args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+    # Suppress the pkg_resources deprecation warning
+    # Note - we use a module of .*pkg_resources to cover
+    # the normal case (pip._vendor.pkg_resources) and the
+    # devendored case (a bare pkg_resources)
+    warnings.filterwarnings(
+        action="ignore", category=DeprecationWarning, module=".*pkg_resources"
+    )
+
+    # Configure our deprecation warnings to be sent through loggers
+    deprecation.install_warning_logger()
+
+    autocomplete()
+
+    try:
+        cmd_name, cmd_args = parse_command(args)
+    except PipError as exc:
+        sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}")
+        sys.stderr.write(os.linesep)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Needed for locale.getpreferredencoding(False) to work
+    # in pip._internal.utils.encoding.auto_decode
+    try:
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
+    except locale.Error as e:
+        # setlocale can apparently crash if locale are uninitialized
+        logger.debug("Ignoring error %s when setting locale", e)
+    command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
+
+    return command.main(cmd_args)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ade356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""A single place for constructing and exposing the main parser
+"""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import get_runnable_pip
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser, UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter
+from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, get_similar_commands
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version, get_prog
+
+__all__ = ["create_main_parser", "parse_command"]
+
+
+def create_main_parser() -> ConfigOptionParser:
+    """Creates and returns the main parser for pip's CLI"""
+
+    parser = ConfigOptionParser(
+        usage="\n%prog <command> [options]",
+        add_help_option=False,
+        formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
+        name="global",
+        prog=get_prog(),
+    )
+    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
+
+    parser.version = get_pip_version()
+
+    # add the general options
+    gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.general_group, parser)
+    parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
+
+    # so the help formatter knows
+    parser.main = True  # type: ignore
+
+    # create command listing for description
+    description = [""] + [
+        f"{name:27} {command_info.summary}"
+        for name, command_info in commands_dict.items()
+    ]
+    parser.description = "\n".join(description)
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def identify_python_interpreter(python: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    # If the named file exists, use it.
+    # If it's a directory, assume it's a virtual environment and
+    # look for the environment's Python executable.
+    if os.path.exists(python):
+        if os.path.isdir(python):
+            # bin/python for Unix, Scripts/python.exe for Windows
+            # Try both in case of odd cases like cygwin.
+            for exe in ("bin/python", "Scripts/python.exe"):
+                py = os.path.join(python, exe)
+                if os.path.exists(py):
+                    return py
+        else:
+            return python
+
+    # Could not find the interpreter specified
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_command(args: List[str]) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
+    parser = create_main_parser()
+
+    # Note: parser calls disable_interspersed_args(), so the result of this
+    # call is to split the initial args into the general options before the
+    # subcommand and everything else.
+    # For example:
+    #  args: ['--timeout=5', 'install', '--user', 'INITools']
+    #  general_options: ['--timeout==5']
+    #  args_else: ['install', '--user', 'INITools']
+    general_options, args_else = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    # --python
+    if general_options.python and "_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS" not in os.environ:
+        # Re-invoke pip using the specified Python interpreter
+        interpreter = identify_python_interpreter(general_options.python)
+        if interpreter is None:
+            raise CommandError(
+                f"Could not locate Python interpreter {general_options.python}"
+            )
+
+        pip_cmd = [
+            interpreter,
+            get_runnable_pip(),
+        ]
+        pip_cmd.extend(args)
+
+        # Set a flag so the child doesn't re-invoke itself, causing
+        # an infinite loop.
+        os.environ["_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS"] = "1"
+        returncode = 0
+        try:
+            proc = subprocess.run(pip_cmd)
+            returncode = proc.returncode
+        except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError) as exc:
+            raise CommandError(f"Failed to run pip under {interpreter}: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(returncode)
+
+    # --version
+    if general_options.version:
+        sys.stdout.write(parser.version)
+        sys.stdout.write(os.linesep)
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # pip || pip help -> print_help()
+    if not args_else or (args_else[0] == "help" and len(args_else) == 1):
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # the subcommand name
+    cmd_name = args_else[0]
+
+    if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
+        guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
+
+        msg = [f'unknown command "{cmd_name}"']
+        if guess:
+            msg.append(f'maybe you meant "{guess}"')
+
+        raise CommandError(" - ".join(msg))
+
+    # all the args without the subcommand
+    cmd_args = args[:]
+    cmd_args.remove(cmd_name)
+
+    return cmd_name, cmd_args
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae554b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+"""Base option parser setup"""
+
+import logging
+import optparse
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import UNKNOWN_ERROR
+from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import redact_auth_from_url, strtobool
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PrettyHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
+    """A prettier/less verbose help formatter for optparse."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        # help position must be aligned with __init__.parseopts.description
+        kwargs["max_help_position"] = 30
+        kwargs["indent_increment"] = 1
+        kwargs["width"] = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0] - 2
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def format_option_strings(self, option: optparse.Option) -> str:
+        return self._format_option_strings(option)
+
+    def _format_option_strings(
+        self, option: optparse.Option, mvarfmt: str = " <{}>", optsep: str = ", "
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a comma-separated list of option strings and metavars.
+
+        :param option:  tuple of (short opt, long opt), e.g: ('-f', '--format')
+        :param mvarfmt: metavar format string
+        :param optsep:  separator
+        """
+        opts = []
+
+        if option._short_opts:
+            opts.append(option._short_opts[0])
+        if option._long_opts:
+            opts.append(option._long_opts[0])
+        if len(opts) > 1:
+            opts.insert(1, optsep)
+
+        if option.takes_value():
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            metavar = option.metavar or option.dest.lower()
+            opts.append(mvarfmt.format(metavar.lower()))
+
+        return "".join(opts)
+
+    def format_heading(self, heading: str) -> str:
+        if heading == "Options":
+            return ""
+        return heading + ":\n"
+
+    def format_usage(self, usage: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Ensure there is only one newline between usage and the first heading
+        if there is no description.
+        """
+        msg = "\nUsage: {}\n".format(self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(usage), "  "))
+        return msg
+
+    def format_description(self, description: str) -> str:
+        # leave full control over description to us
+        if description:
+            if hasattr(self.parser, "main"):
+                label = "Commands"
+            else:
+                label = "Description"
+            # some doc strings have initial newlines, some don't
+            description = description.lstrip("\n")
+            # some doc strings have final newlines and spaces, some don't
+            description = description.rstrip()
+            # dedent, then reindent
+            description = self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(description), "  ")
+            description = f"{label}:\n{description}\n"
+            return description
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def format_epilog(self, epilog: str) -> str:
+        # leave full control over epilog to us
+        if epilog:
+            return epilog
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def indent_lines(self, text: str, indent: str) -> str:
+        new_lines = [indent + line for line in text.split("\n")]
+        return "\n".join(new_lines)
+
+
+class UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(PrettyHelpFormatter):
+    """Custom help formatter for use in ConfigOptionParser.
+
+    This is updates the defaults before expanding them, allowing
+    them to show up correctly in the help listing.
+
+    Also redact auth from url type options
+    """
+
+    def expand_default(self, option: optparse.Option) -> str:
+        default_values = None
+        if self.parser is not None:
+            assert isinstance(self.parser, ConfigOptionParser)
+            self.parser._update_defaults(self.parser.defaults)
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            default_values = self.parser.defaults.get(option.dest)
+        help_text = super().expand_default(option)
+
+        if default_values and option.metavar == "URL":
+            if isinstance(default_values, str):
+                default_values = [default_values]
+
+            # If its not a list, we should abort and just return the help text
+            if not isinstance(default_values, list):
+                default_values = []
+
+            for val in default_values:
+                help_text = help_text.replace(val, redact_auth_from_url(val))
+
+        return help_text
+
+
+class CustomOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
+    def insert_option_group(
+        self, idx: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> optparse.OptionGroup:
+        """Insert an OptionGroup at a given position."""
+        group = self.add_option_group(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.option_groups.pop()
+        self.option_groups.insert(idx, group)
+
+        return group
+
+    @property
+    def option_list_all(self) -> List[optparse.Option]:
+        """Get a list of all options, including those in option groups."""
+        res = self.option_list[:]
+        for i in self.option_groups:
+            res.extend(i.option_list)
+
+        return res
+
+
+class ConfigOptionParser(CustomOptionParser):
+    """Custom option parser which updates its defaults by checking the
+    configuration files and environmental variables"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        name: str,
+        isolated: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.config = Configuration(isolated)
+
+        assert self.name
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def check_default(self, option: optparse.Option, key: str, val: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return option.check_value(key, val)
+        except optparse.OptionValueError as exc:
+            print(f"An error occurred during configuration: {exc}")
+            sys.exit(3)
+
+    def _get_ordered_configuration_items(
+        self,
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[str, Any], None, None]:
+        # Configuration gives keys in an unordered manner. Order them.
+        override_order = ["global", self.name, ":env:"]
+
+        # Pool the options into different groups
+        section_items: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, Any]]] = {
+            name: [] for name in override_order
+        }
+        for section_key, val in self.config.items():
+            # ignore empty values
+            if not val:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ignoring configuration key '%s' as it's value is empty.",
+                    section_key,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            section, key = section_key.split(".", 1)
+            if section in override_order:
+                section_items[section].append((key, val))
+
+        # Yield each group in their override order
+        for section in override_order:
+            for key, val in section_items[section]:
+                yield key, val
+
+    def _update_defaults(self, defaults: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Updates the given defaults with values from the config files and
+        the environ. Does a little special handling for certain types of
+        options (lists)."""
+
+        # Accumulate complex default state.
+        self.values = optparse.Values(self.defaults)
+        late_eval = set()
+        # Then set the options with those values
+        for key, val in self._get_ordered_configuration_items():
+            # '--' because configuration supports only long names
+            option = self.get_option("--" + key)
+
+            # Ignore options not present in this parser. E.g. non-globals put
+            # in [global] by users that want them to apply to all applicable
+            # commands.
+            if option is None:
+                continue
+
+            assert option.dest is not None
+
+            if option.action in ("store_true", "store_false"):
+                try:
+                    val = strtobool(val)
+                except ValueError:
+                    self.error(
+                        f"{val} is not a valid value for {key} option, "
+                        "please specify a boolean value like yes/no, "
+                        "true/false or 1/0 instead."
+                    )
+            elif option.action == "count":
+                with suppress(ValueError):
+                    val = strtobool(val)
+                with suppress(ValueError):
+                    val = int(val)
+                if not isinstance(val, int) or val < 0:
+                    self.error(
+                        f"{val} is not a valid value for {key} option, "
+                        "please instead specify either a non-negative integer "
+                        "or a boolean value like yes/no or false/true "
+                        "which is equivalent to 1/0."
+                    )
+            elif option.action == "append":
+                val = val.split()
+                val = [self.check_default(option, key, v) for v in val]
+            elif option.action == "callback":
+                assert option.callback is not None
+                late_eval.add(option.dest)
+                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
+                val = option.convert_value(opt_str, val)
+                # From take_action
+                args = option.callback_args or ()
+                kwargs = option.callback_kwargs or {}
+                option.callback(option, opt_str, val, self, *args, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                val = self.check_default(option, key, val)
+
+            defaults[option.dest] = val
+
+        for key in late_eval:
+            defaults[key] = getattr(self.values, key)
+        self.values = None
+        return defaults
+
+    def get_default_values(self) -> optparse.Values:
+        """Overriding to make updating the defaults after instantiation of
+        the option parser possible, _update_defaults() does the dirty work."""
+        if not self.process_default_values:
+            # Old, pre-Optik 1.5 behaviour.
+            return optparse.Values(self.defaults)
+
+        # Load the configuration, or error out in case of an error
+        try:
+            self.config.load()
+        except ConfigurationError as err:
+            self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, str(err))
+
+        defaults = self._update_defaults(self.defaults.copy())  # ours
+        for option in self._get_all_options():
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            default = defaults.get(option.dest)
+            if isinstance(default, str):
+                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
+                defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
+        return optparse.Values(defaults)
+
+    def error(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+        self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, f"{msg}\n")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ad1403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import functools
+from typing import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.progress import (
+    BarColumn,
+    DownloadColumn,
+    FileSizeColumn,
+    Progress,
+    ProgressColumn,
+    SpinnerColumn,
+    TextColumn,
+    TimeElapsedColumn,
+    TimeRemainingColumn,
+    TransferSpeedColumn,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
+
+DownloadProgressRenderer = Callable[[Iterable[bytes]], Iterator[bytes]]
+
+
+def _rich_progress_bar(
+    iterable: Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    bar_type: str,
+    size: int,
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    assert bar_type == "on", "This should only be used in the default mode."
+
+    if not size:
+        total = float("inf")
+        columns: Tuple[ProgressColumn, ...] = (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            SpinnerColumn("line", speed=1.5),
+            FileSizeColumn(),
+            TransferSpeedColumn(),
+            TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        )
+    else:
+        total = size
+        columns = (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            BarColumn(),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TransferSpeedColumn(),
+            TextColumn("eta"),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+
+    progress = Progress(*columns, refresh_per_second=30)
+    task_id = progress.add_task(" " * (get_indentation() + 2), total=total)
+    with progress:
+        for chunk in iterable:
+            yield chunk
+            progress.update(task_id, advance=len(chunk))
+
+
+def get_download_progress_renderer(
+    *, bar_type: str, size: Optional[int] = None
+) -> DownloadProgressRenderer:
+    """Get an object that can be used to render the download progress.
+
+    Returns a callable, that takes an iterable to "wrap".
+    """
+    if bar_type == "on":
+        return functools.partial(_rich_progress_bar, bar_type=bar_type, size=size)
+    else:
+        return iter  # no-op, when passed an iterator
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2f79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+"""Contains the Command base classes that depend on PipSession.
+
+The classes in this module are in a separate module so the commands not
+needing download / PackageFinder capability don't unnecessarily import the
+PackageFinder machinery and all its vendored dependencies, etc.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, PreviousBuildDirError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import BuildTracker
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+    install_req_from_parsed_requirement,
+    install_req_from_req_string,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import parse_requirements
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver
+from pip._internal.self_outdated_check import pip_self_version_check
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import (
+    TempDirectory,
+    TempDirectoryTypeRegistry,
+    tempdir_kinds,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _create_truststore_ssl_context() -> Optional["SSLContext"]:
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        raise CommandError("The truststore feature is only available for Python 3.10+")
+
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning("Disabling truststore since ssl support is missing")
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        from pip._vendor import truststore
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise CommandError(f"The truststore feature is unavailable: {e}")
+
+    return truststore.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+
+
+class SessionCommandMixin(CommandContextMixIn):
+
+    """
+    A class mixin for command classes needing _build_session().
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._session: Optional[PipSession] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_index_urls(cls, options: Values) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+        """Return a list of index urls from user-provided options."""
+        index_urls = []
+        if not getattr(options, "no_index", False):
+            url = getattr(options, "index_url", None)
+            if url:
+                index_urls.append(url)
+        urls = getattr(options, "extra_index_urls", None)
+        if urls:
+            index_urls.extend(urls)
+        # Return None rather than an empty list
+        return index_urls or None
+
+    def get_default_session(self, options: Values) -> PipSession:
+        """Get a default-managed session."""
+        if self._session is None:
+            self._session = self.enter_context(self._build_session(options))
+            # there's no type annotation on requests.Session, so it's
+            # automatically ContextManager[Any] and self._session becomes Any,
+            # then https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7696 kicks in
+            assert self._session is not None
+        return self._session
+
+    def _build_session(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        retries: Optional[int] = None,
+        timeout: Optional[int] = None,
+        fallback_to_certifi: bool = False,
+    ) -> PipSession:
+        cache_dir = options.cache_dir
+        assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
+
+        if "truststore" in options.features_enabled:
+            try:
+                ssl_context = _create_truststore_ssl_context()
+            except Exception:
+                if not fallback_to_certifi:
+                    raise
+                ssl_context = None
+        else:
+            ssl_context = None
+
+        session = PipSession(
+            cache=os.path.join(cache_dir, "http-v2") if cache_dir else None,
+            retries=retries if retries is not None else options.retries,
+            trusted_hosts=options.trusted_hosts,
+            index_urls=self._get_index_urls(options),
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+        )
+
+        # Handle custom ca-bundles from the user
+        if options.cert:
+            session.verify = options.cert
+
+        # Handle SSL client certificate
+        if options.client_cert:
+            session.cert = options.client_cert
+
+        # Handle timeouts
+        if options.timeout or timeout:
+            session.timeout = timeout if timeout is not None else options.timeout
+
+        # Handle configured proxies
+        if options.proxy:
+            session.proxies = {
+                "http": options.proxy,
+                "https": options.proxy,
+            }
+
+        # Determine if we can prompt the user for authentication or not
+        session.auth.prompting = not options.no_input
+        session.auth.keyring_provider = options.keyring_provider
+
+        return session
+
+
+class IndexGroupCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+
+    """
+    Abstract base class for commands with the index_group options.
+
+    This also corresponds to the commands that permit the pip version check.
+    """
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        """
+        Do the pip version check if not disabled.
+
+        This overrides the default behavior of not doing the check.
+        """
+        # Make sure the index_group options are present.
+        assert hasattr(options, "no_index")
+
+        if options.disable_pip_version_check or options.no_index:
+            return
+
+        # Otherwise, check if we're using the latest version of pip available.
+        session = self._build_session(
+            options,
+            retries=0,
+            timeout=min(5, options.timeout),
+            # This is set to ensure the function does not fail when truststore is
+            # specified in use-feature but cannot be loaded. This usually raises a
+            # CommandError and shows a nice user-facing error, but this function is not
+            # called in that try-except block.
+            fallback_to_certifi=True,
+        )
+        with session:
+            pip_self_version_check(session, options)
+
+
+KEEPABLE_TEMPDIR_TYPES = [
+    tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV,
+    tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
+    tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD,
+]
+
+
+def warn_if_run_as_root() -> None:
+    """Output a warning for sudo users on Unix.
+
+    In a virtual environment, sudo pip still writes to virtualenv.
+    On Windows, users may run pip as Administrator without issues.
+    This warning only applies to Unix root users outside of virtualenv.
+    """
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        return
+    if not hasattr(os, "getuid"):
+        return
+    # On Windows, there are no "system managed" Python packages. Installing as
+    # Administrator via pip is the correct way of updating system environments.
+    #
+    # We choose sys.platform over utils.compat.WINDOWS here to enable Mypy platform
+    # checks: https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or sys.platform == "cygwin":
+        return
+
+    if os.getuid() != 0:
+        return
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and "
+        "conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. "
+        "It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: "
+        "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv"
+    )
+
+
+def with_cleanup(func: Any) -> Any:
+    """Decorator for common logic related to managing temporary
+    directories.
+    """
+
+    def configure_tempdir_registry(registry: TempDirectoryTypeRegistry) -> None:
+        for t in KEEPABLE_TEMPDIR_TYPES:
+            registry.set_delete(t, False)
+
+    def wrapper(
+        self: RequirementCommand, options: Values, args: List[Any]
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        assert self.tempdir_registry is not None
+        if options.no_clean:
+            configure_tempdir_registry(self.tempdir_registry)
+
+        try:
+            return func(self, options, args)
+        except PreviousBuildDirError:
+            # This kind of conflict can occur when the user passes an explicit
+            # build directory with a pre-existing folder. In that case we do
+            # not want to accidentally remove it.
+            configure_tempdir_registry(self.tempdir_registry)
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class RequirementCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kw: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_clean())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def determine_resolver_variant(options: Values) -> str:
+        """Determines which resolver should be used, based on the given options."""
+        if "legacy-resolver" in options.deprecated_features_enabled:
+            return "legacy"
+
+        return "resolvelib"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_requirement_preparer(
+        cls,
+        temp_build_dir: TempDirectory,
+        options: Values,
+        build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+        session: PipSession,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        verbosity: int = 0,
+    ) -> RequirementPreparer:
+        """
+        Create a RequirementPreparer instance for the given parameters.
+        """
+        temp_build_dir_path = temp_build_dir.path
+        assert temp_build_dir_path is not None
+        legacy_resolver = False
+
+        resolver_variant = cls.determine_resolver_variant(options)
+        if resolver_variant == "resolvelib":
+            lazy_wheel = "fast-deps" in options.features_enabled
+            if lazy_wheel:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "pip is using lazily downloaded wheels using HTTP "
+                    "range requests to obtain dependency information. "
+                    "This experimental feature is enabled through "
+                    "--use-feature=fast-deps and it is not ready for "
+                    "production."
+                )
+        else:
+            legacy_resolver = True
+            lazy_wheel = False
+            if "fast-deps" in options.features_enabled:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "fast-deps has no effect when used with the legacy resolver."
+                )
+
+        return RequirementPreparer(
+            build_dir=temp_build_dir_path,
+            src_dir=options.src_dir,
+            download_dir=download_dir,
+            build_isolation=options.build_isolation,
+            check_build_deps=options.check_build_deps,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            progress_bar=options.progress_bar,
+            finder=finder,
+            require_hashes=options.require_hashes,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            lazy_wheel=lazy_wheel,
+            verbosity=verbosity,
+            legacy_resolver=legacy_resolver,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_resolver(
+        cls,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        options: Values,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache] = None,
+        use_user_site: bool = False,
+        ignore_installed: bool = True,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+        force_reinstall: bool = False,
+        upgrade_strategy: str = "to-satisfy-only",
+        use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> BaseResolver:
+        """
+        Create a Resolver instance for the given parameters.
+        """
+        make_install_req = partial(
+            install_req_from_req_string,
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        )
+        resolver_variant = cls.determine_resolver_variant(options)
+        # The long import name and duplicated invocation is needed to convince
+        # Mypy into correctly typechecking. Otherwise it would complain the
+        # "Resolver" class being redefined.
+        if resolver_variant == "resolvelib":
+            import pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.resolver
+
+            return pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.resolver.Resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                make_install_req=make_install_req,
+                use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                ignore_dependencies=options.ignore_dependencies,
+                ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                py_version_info=py_version_info,
+            )
+        import pip._internal.resolution.legacy.resolver
+
+        return pip._internal.resolution.legacy.resolver.Resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            make_install_req=make_install_req,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            ignore_dependencies=options.ignore_dependencies,
+            ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+            force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+            upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+            py_version_info=py_version_info,
+        )
+
+    def get_requirements(
+        self,
+        args: List[str],
+        options: Values,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        session: PipSession,
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """
+        Parse command-line arguments into the corresponding requirements.
+        """
+        requirements: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for filename in options.constraints:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename,
+                constraint=True,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                session=session,
+            ):
+                req_to_add = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req,
+                    isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                    user_supplied=False,
+                )
+                requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        for req in args:
+            req_to_add = install_req_from_line(
+                req,
+                comes_from=None,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                user_supplied=True,
+                config_settings=getattr(options, "config_settings", None),
+            )
+            requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        for req in options.editables:
+            req_to_add = install_req_from_editable(
+                req,
+                user_supplied=True,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                config_settings=getattr(options, "config_settings", None),
+            )
+            requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        # NOTE: options.require_hashes may be set if --require-hashes is True
+        for filename in options.requirements:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename, finder=finder, options=options, session=session
+            ):
+                req_to_add = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req,
+                    isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                    use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                    user_supplied=True,
+                    config_settings=parsed_req.options.get("config_settings")
+                    if parsed_req.options
+                    else None,
+                )
+                requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        # If any requirement has hash options, enable hash checking.
+        if any(req.has_hash_options for req in requirements):
+            options.require_hashes = True
+
+        if not (args or options.editables or options.requirements):
+            opts = {"name": self.name}
+            if options.find_links:
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "You must give at least one requirement to {name} "
+                    '(maybe you meant "pip {name} {links}"?)'.format(
+                        **dict(opts, links=" ".join(options.find_links))
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "You must give at least one requirement to {name} "
+                    '(see "pip help {name}")'.format(**opts)
+                )
+
+        return requirements
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def trace_basic_info(finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        """
+        Trace basic information about the provided objects.
+        """
+        # Display where finder is looking for packages
+        search_scope = finder.search_scope
+        locations = search_scope.get_formatted_locations()
+        if locations:
+            logger.info(locations)
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        session: PipSession,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to this requirement command.
+
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            "Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=True,
+            format_control=options.format_control,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            prefer_binary=options.prefer_binary,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+            target_python=target_python,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf2b976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import contextlib
+import itertools
+import logging
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import IO, Generator, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SpinnerInterface:
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class InteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        spin_chars: str = "-\\|/",
+        # Empirically, 8 updates/second looks nice
+        min_update_interval_seconds: float = 0.125,
+    ):
+        self._message = message
+        if file is None:
+            file = sys.stdout
+        self._file = file
+        self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
+        self._finished = False
+
+        self._spin_cycle = itertools.cycle(spin_chars)
+
+        self._file.write(" " * get_indentation() + self._message + " ... ")
+        self._width = 0
+
+    def _write(self, status: str) -> None:
+        assert not self._finished
+        # Erase what we wrote before by backspacing to the beginning, writing
+        # spaces to overwrite the old text, and then backspacing again
+        backup = "\b" * self._width
+        self._file.write(backup + " " * self._width + backup)
+        # Now we have a blank slate to add our status
+        self._file.write(status)
+        self._width = len(status)
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._rate_limiter.reset()
+
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
+            return
+        self._write(next(self._spin_cycle))
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        self._write(final_status)
+        self._file.write("\n")
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._finished = True
+
+
+# Used for dumb terminals, non-interactive installs (no tty), etc.
+# We still print updates occasionally (once every 60 seconds by default) to
+# act as a keep-alive for systems like Travis-CI that take lack-of-output as
+# an indication that a task has frozen.
+class NonInteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
+    def __init__(self, message: str, min_update_interval_seconds: float = 60.0) -> None:
+        self._message = message
+        self._finished = False
+        self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
+        self._update("started")
+
+    def _update(self, status: str) -> None:
+        assert not self._finished
+        self._rate_limiter.reset()
+        logger.info("%s: %s", self._message, status)
+
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
+            return
+        self._update("still running...")
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        self._update(f"finished with status '{final_status}'")
+        self._finished = True
+
+
+class RateLimiter:
+    def __init__(self, min_update_interval_seconds: float) -> None:
+        self._min_update_interval_seconds = min_update_interval_seconds
+        self._last_update: float = 0
+
+    def ready(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.time()
+        delta = now - self._last_update
+        return delta >= self._min_update_interval_seconds
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_update = time.time()
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def open_spinner(message: str) -> Generator[SpinnerInterface, None, None]:
+    # Interactive spinner goes directly to sys.stdout rather than being routed
+    # through the logging system, but it acts like it has level INFO,
+    # i.e. it's only displayed if we're at level INFO or better.
+    # Non-interactive spinner goes through the logging system, so it is always
+    # in sync with logging configuration.
+    if sys.stdout.isatty() and logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.INFO:
+        spinner: SpinnerInterface = InteractiveSpinner(message)
+    else:
+        spinner = NonInteractiveSpinner(message)
+    try:
+        with hidden_cursor(sys.stdout):
+            yield spinner
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        spinner.finish("canceled")
+        raise
+    except Exception:
+        spinner.finish("error")
+        raise
+    else:
+        spinner.finish("done")
+
+
+HIDE_CURSOR = "\x1b[?25l"
+SHOW_CURSOR = "\x1b[?25h"
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def hidden_cursor(file: IO[str]) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    # The Windows terminal does not support the hide/show cursor ANSI codes,
+    # even via colorama. So don't even try.
+    if WINDOWS:
+        yield
+    # We don't want to clutter the output with control characters if we're
+    # writing to a file, or if the user is running with --quiet.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3418
+    elif not file.isatty() or logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
+        yield
+    else:
+        file.write(HIDE_CURSOR)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            file.write(SHOW_CURSOR)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e29502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR = 1
+UNKNOWN_ERROR = 2
+VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND = 3
+PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR = 4
+NO_MATCHES_FOUND = 23
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..858a410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+"""
+Package containing all pip commands
+"""
+
+import importlib
+from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+
+CommandInfo = namedtuple("CommandInfo", "module_path, class_name, summary")
+
+# This dictionary does a bunch of heavy lifting for help output:
+# - Enables avoiding additional (costly) imports for presenting `--help`.
+# - The ordering matters for help display.
+#
+# Even though the module path starts with the same "pip._internal.commands"
+# prefix, the full path makes testing easier (specifically when modifying
+# `commands_dict` in test setup / teardown).
+commands_dict: Dict[str, CommandInfo] = {
+    "install": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.install",
+        "InstallCommand",
+        "Install packages.",
+    ),
+    "download": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.download",
+        "DownloadCommand",
+        "Download packages.",
+    ),
+    "uninstall": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.uninstall",
+        "UninstallCommand",
+        "Uninstall packages.",
+    ),
+    "freeze": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.freeze",
+        "FreezeCommand",
+        "Output installed packages in requirements format.",
+    ),
+    "inspect": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.inspect",
+        "InspectCommand",
+        "Inspect the python environment.",
+    ),
+    "list": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.list",
+        "ListCommand",
+        "List installed packages.",
+    ),
+    "show": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.show",
+        "ShowCommand",
+        "Show information about installed packages.",
+    ),
+    "check": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.check",
+        "CheckCommand",
+        "Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.",
+    ),
+    "config": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.configuration",
+        "ConfigurationCommand",
+        "Manage local and global configuration.",
+    ),
+    "search": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.search",
+        "SearchCommand",
+        "Search PyPI for packages.",
+    ),
+    "cache": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.cache",
+        "CacheCommand",
+        "Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.",
+    ),
+    "index": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.index",
+        "IndexCommand",
+        "Inspect information available from package indexes.",
+    ),
+    "wheel": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.wheel",
+        "WheelCommand",
+        "Build wheels from your requirements.",
+    ),
+    "hash": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.hash",
+        "HashCommand",
+        "Compute hashes of package archives.",
+    ),
+    "completion": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.completion",
+        "CompletionCommand",
+        "A helper command used for command completion.",
+    ),
+    "debug": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.debug",
+        "DebugCommand",
+        "Show information useful for debugging.",
+    ),
+    "help": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.help",
+        "HelpCommand",
+        "Show help for commands.",
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def create_command(name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Command:
+    """
+    Create an instance of the Command class with the given name.
+    """
+    module_path, class_name, summary = commands_dict[name]
+    module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
+    command_class = getattr(module, class_name)
+    command = command_class(name=name, summary=summary, **kwargs)
+
+    return command
+
+
+def get_similar_commands(name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Command name auto-correct."""
+    from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+    name = name.lower()
+
+    close_commands = get_close_matches(name, commands_dict.keys())
+
+    if close_commands:
+        return close_commands[0]
+    else:
+        return None
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3283361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import os
+import textwrap
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, PipError
+from pip._internal.utils import filesystem
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CacheCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
+
+    Subcommands:
+
+    - dir: Show the cache directory.
+    - info: Show information about the cache.
+    - list: List filenames of packages stored in the cache.
+    - remove: Remove one or more package from the cache.
+    - purge: Remove all items from the cache.
+
+    ``<pattern>`` can be a glob expression or a package name.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog dir
+        %prog info
+        %prog list [<pattern>] [--format=[human, abspath]]
+        %prog remove <pattern>
+        %prog purge
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--format",
+            action="store",
+            dest="list_format",
+            default="human",
+            choices=("human", "abspath"),
+            help="Select the output format among: human (default) or abspath",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "dir": self.get_cache_dir,
+            "info": self.get_cache_info,
+            "list": self.list_cache_items,
+            "remove": self.remove_cache_items,
+            "purge": self.purge_cache,
+        }
+
+        if not options.cache_dir:
+            logger.error("pip cache commands can not function since cache is disabled.")
+            return ERROR
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def get_cache_dir(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        logger.info(options.cache_dir)
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        num_http_files = len(self._find_http_files(options))
+        num_packages = len(self._find_wheels(options, "*"))
+
+        http_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "http-v2")
+        old_http_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "http")
+        wheels_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "wheels")
+        http_cache_size = filesystem.format_size(
+            filesystem.directory_size(http_cache_location)
+            + filesystem.directory_size(old_http_cache_location)
+        )
+        wheels_cache_size = filesystem.format_directory_size(wheels_cache_location)
+
+        message = (
+            textwrap.dedent(
+                """
+                    Package index page cache location (pip v23.3+): {http_cache_location}
+                    Package index page cache location (older pips): {old_http_cache_location}
+                    Package index page cache size: {http_cache_size}
+                    Number of HTTP files: {num_http_files}
+                    Locally built wheels location: {wheels_cache_location}
+                    Locally built wheels size: {wheels_cache_size}
+                    Number of locally built wheels: {package_count}
+                """  # noqa: E501
+            )
+            .format(
+                http_cache_location=http_cache_location,
+                old_http_cache_location=old_http_cache_location,
+                http_cache_size=http_cache_size,
+                num_http_files=num_http_files,
+                wheels_cache_location=wheels_cache_location,
+                package_count=num_packages,
+                wheels_cache_size=wheels_cache_size,
+            )
+            .strip()
+        )
+
+        logger.info(message)
+
+    def list_cache_items(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        if args:
+            pattern = args[0]
+        else:
+            pattern = "*"
+
+        files = self._find_wheels(options, pattern)
+        if options.list_format == "human":
+            self.format_for_human(files)
+        else:
+            self.format_for_abspath(files)
+
+    def format_for_human(self, files: List[str]) -> None:
+        if not files:
+            logger.info("No locally built wheels cached.")
+            return
+
+        results = []
+        for filename in files:
+            wheel = os.path.basename(filename)
+            size = filesystem.format_file_size(filename)
+            results.append(f" - {wheel} ({size})")
+        logger.info("Cache contents:\n")
+        logger.info("\n".join(sorted(results)))
+
+    def format_for_abspath(self, files: List[str]) -> None:
+        if files:
+            logger.info("\n".join(sorted(files)))
+
+    def remove_cache_items(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        if not args:
+            raise CommandError("Please provide a pattern")
+
+        files = self._find_wheels(options, args[0])
+
+        no_matching_msg = "No matching packages"
+        if args[0] == "*":
+            # Only fetch http files if no specific pattern given
+            files += self._find_http_files(options)
+        else:
+            # Add the pattern to the log message
+            no_matching_msg += f' for pattern "{args[0]}"'
+
+        if not files:
+            logger.warning(no_matching_msg)
+
+        for filename in files:
+            os.unlink(filename)
+            logger.verbose("Removed %s", filename)
+        logger.info("Files removed: %s", len(files))
+
+    def purge_cache(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        return self.remove_cache_items(options, ["*"])
+
+    def _cache_dir(self, options: Values, subdir: str) -> str:
+        return os.path.join(options.cache_dir, subdir)
+
+    def _find_http_files(self, options: Values) -> List[str]:
+        old_http_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "http")
+        new_http_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "http-v2")
+        return filesystem.find_files(old_http_dir, "*") + filesystem.find_files(
+            new_http_dir, "*"
+        )
+
+    def _find_wheels(self, options: Values, pattern: str) -> List[str]:
+        wheel_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "wheels")
+
+        # The wheel filename format, as specified in PEP 427, is:
+        #     {distribution}-{version}(-{build})?-{python}-{abi}-{platform}.whl
+        #
+        # Additionally, non-alphanumeric values in the distribution are
+        # normalized to underscores (_), meaning hyphens can never occur
+        # before `-{version}`.
+        #
+        # Given that information:
+        # - If the pattern we're given contains a hyphen (-), the user is
+        #   providing at least the version. Thus, we can just append `*.whl`
+        #   to match the rest of it.
+        # - If the pattern we're given doesn't contain a hyphen (-), the
+        #   user is only providing the name. Thus, we append `-*.whl` to
+        #   match the hyphen before the version, followed by anything else.
+        #
+        # PEP 427: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0427/
+        pattern = pattern + ("*.whl" if "-" in pattern else "-*.whl")
+
+        return filesystem.find_files(wheel_dir, pattern)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5efd0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.check import (
+    check_package_set,
+    create_package_set_from_installed,
+    warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CheckCommand(Command):
+    """Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies."""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        package_set, parsing_probs = create_package_set_from_installed()
+        warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(package_set)
+        missing, conflicting = check_package_set(package_set)
+
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name].version
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                write_output(
+                    "%s %s requires %s, which is not installed.",
+                    project_name,
+                    version,
+                    dependency[0],
+                )
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name].version
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                write_output(
+                    "%s %s has requirement %s, but you have %s %s.",
+                    project_name,
+                    version,
+                    req,
+                    dep_name,
+                    dep_version,
+                )
+
+        if missing or conflicting or parsing_probs:
+            return ERROR
+        else:
+            write_output("No broken requirements found.")
+            return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e89e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog
+
+BASE_COMPLETION = """
+# pip {shell} completion start{script}# pip {shell} completion end
+"""
+
+COMPLETION_SCRIPTS = {
+    "bash": """
+        _pip_completion()
+        {{
+            COMPREPLY=( $( COMP_WORDS="${{COMP_WORDS[*]}}" \\
+                           COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\
+                           PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $1 2>/dev/null ) )
+        }}
+        complete -o default -F _pip_completion {prog}
+    """,
+    "zsh": """
+        #compdef -P pip[0-9.]#
+        __pip() {{
+          compadd $( COMP_WORDS="$words[*]" \\
+                     COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \\
+                     PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $words[1] 2>/dev/null )
+        }}
+        if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+          # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+          __pip "$@"
+        else
+          # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+          compdef __pip -P 'pip[0-9.]#'
+        fi
+    """,
+    "fish": """
+        function __fish_complete_pip
+            set -lx COMP_WORDS (commandline -o) ""
+            set -lx COMP_CWORD ( \\
+                math (contains -i -- (commandline -t) $COMP_WORDS)-1 \\
+            )
+            set -lx PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE 1
+            string split \\  -- (eval $COMP_WORDS[1])
+        end
+        complete -fa "(__fish_complete_pip)" -c {prog}
+    """,
+    "powershell": """
+        if ((Test-Path Function:\\TabExpansion) -and -not `
+            (Test-Path Function:\\_pip_completeBackup)) {{
+            Rename-Item Function:\\TabExpansion _pip_completeBackup
+        }}
+        function TabExpansion($line, $lastWord) {{
+            $lastBlock = [regex]::Split($line, '[|;]')[-1].TrimStart()
+            if ($lastBlock.StartsWith("{prog} ")) {{
+                $Env:COMP_WORDS=$lastBlock
+                $Env:COMP_CWORD=$lastBlock.Split().Length - 1
+                $Env:PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1
+                (& {prog}).Split()
+                Remove-Item Env:COMP_WORDS
+                Remove-Item Env:COMP_CWORD
+                Remove-Item Env:PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE
+            }}
+            elseif (Test-Path Function:\\_pip_completeBackup) {{
+                # Fall back on existing tab expansion
+                _pip_completeBackup $line $lastWord
+            }}
+        }}
+    """,
+}
+
+
+class CompletionCommand(Command):
+    """A helper command to be used for command completion."""
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--bash",
+            "-b",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="bash",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for bash",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--zsh",
+            "-z",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="zsh",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for zsh",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--fish",
+            "-f",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="fish",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for fish",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--powershell",
+            "-p",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="powershell",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for powershell",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        """Prints the completion code of the given shell"""
+        shells = COMPLETION_SCRIPTS.keys()
+        shell_options = ["--" + shell for shell in sorted(shells)]
+        if options.shell in shells:
+            script = textwrap.dedent(
+                COMPLETION_SCRIPTS.get(options.shell, "").format(prog=get_prog())
+            )
+            print(BASE_COMPLETION.format(script=script, shell=options.shell))
+            return SUCCESS
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                "ERROR: You must pass {}\n".format(" or ".join(shell_options))
+            )
+            return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a1dc6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import subprocess
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.configuration import (
+    Configuration,
+    Kind,
+    get_configuration_files,
+    kinds,
+)
+from pip._internal.exceptions import PipError
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ConfigurationCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Manage local and global configuration.
+
+    Subcommands:
+
+    - list: List the active configuration (or from the file specified)
+    - edit: Edit the configuration file in an editor
+    - get: Get the value associated with command.option
+    - set: Set the command.option=value
+    - unset: Unset the value associated with command.option
+    - debug: List the configuration files and values defined under them
+
+    Configuration keys should be dot separated command and option name,
+    with the special prefix "global" affecting any command. For example,
+    "pip config set global.index-url https://example.org/" would configure
+    the index url for all commands, but "pip config set download.timeout 10"
+    would configure a 10 second timeout only for "pip download" commands.
+
+    If none of --user, --global and --site are passed, a virtual
+    environment configuration file is used if one is active and the file
+    exists. Otherwise, all modifications happen to the user file by
+    default.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog [<file-option>] list
+        %prog [<file-option>] [--editor <editor-path>] edit
+
+        %prog [<file-option>] get command.option
+        %prog [<file-option>] set command.option value
+        %prog [<file-option>] unset command.option
+        %prog [<file-option>] debug
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--editor",
+            dest="editor",
+            action="store",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Editor to use to edit the file. Uses VISUAL or EDITOR "
+                "environment variables if not provided."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--global",
+            dest="global_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the system-wide configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the user configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--site",
+            dest="site_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the current environment configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "list": self.list_values,
+            "edit": self.open_in_editor,
+            "get": self.get_name,
+            "set": self.set_name_value,
+            "unset": self.unset_name,
+            "debug": self.list_config_values,
+        }
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Determine which configuration files are to be loaded
+        #    Depends on whether the command is modifying.
+        try:
+            load_only = self._determine_file(
+                options, need_value=(action in ["get", "set", "unset", "edit"])
+            )
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        # Load a new configuration
+        self.configuration = Configuration(
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode, load_only=load_only
+        )
+        self.configuration.load()
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _determine_file(self, options: Values, need_value: bool) -> Optional[Kind]:
+        file_options = [
+            key
+            for key, value in (
+                (kinds.USER, options.user_file),
+                (kinds.GLOBAL, options.global_file),
+                (kinds.SITE, options.site_file),
+            )
+            if value
+        ]
+
+        if not file_options:
+            if not need_value:
+                return None
+            # Default to user, unless there's a site file.
+            elif any(
+                os.path.exists(site_config_file)
+                for site_config_file in get_configuration_files()[kinds.SITE]
+            ):
+                return kinds.SITE
+            else:
+                return kinds.USER
+        elif len(file_options) == 1:
+            return file_options[0]
+
+        raise PipError(
+            "Need exactly one file to operate upon "
+            "(--user, --site, --global) to perform."
+        )
+
+    def list_values(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        self._get_n_args(args, "list", n=0)
+
+        for key, value in sorted(self.configuration.items()):
+            write_output("%s=%r", key, value)
+
+    def get_name(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key = self._get_n_args(args, "get [name]", n=1)
+        value = self.configuration.get_value(key)
+
+        write_output("%s", value)
+
+    def set_name_value(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key, value = self._get_n_args(args, "set [name] [value]", n=2)
+        self.configuration.set_value(key, value)
+
+        self._save_configuration()
+
+    def unset_name(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key = self._get_n_args(args, "unset [name]", n=1)
+        self.configuration.unset_value(key)
+
+        self._save_configuration()
+
+    def list_config_values(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        """List config key-value pairs across different config files"""
+        self._get_n_args(args, "debug", n=0)
+
+        self.print_env_var_values()
+        # Iterate over config files and print if they exist, and the
+        # key-value pairs present in them if they do
+        for variant, files in sorted(self.configuration.iter_config_files()):
+            write_output("%s:", variant)
+            for fname in files:
+                with indent_log():
+                    file_exists = os.path.exists(fname)
+                    write_output("%s, exists: %r", fname, file_exists)
+                    if file_exists:
+                        self.print_config_file_values(variant)
+
+    def print_config_file_values(self, variant: Kind) -> None:
+        """Get key-value pairs from the file of a variant"""
+        for name, value in self.configuration.get_values_in_config(variant).items():
+            with indent_log():
+                write_output("%s: %s", name, value)
+
+    def print_env_var_values(self) -> None:
+        """Get key-values pairs present as environment variables"""
+        write_output("%s:", "env_var")
+        with indent_log():
+            for key, value in sorted(self.configuration.get_environ_vars()):
+                env_var = f"PIP_{key.upper()}"
+                write_output("%s=%r", env_var, value)
+
+    def open_in_editor(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        editor = self._determine_editor(options)
+
+        fname = self.configuration.get_file_to_edit()
+        if fname is None:
+            raise PipError("Could not determine appropriate file.")
+        elif '"' in fname:
+            # This shouldn't happen, unless we see a username like that.
+            # If that happens, we'd appreciate a pull request fixing this.
+            raise PipError(
+                f'Can not open an editor for a file name containing "\n{fname}'
+            )
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(f'{editor} "{fname}"', shell=True)
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            if not e.filename:
+                e.filename = editor
+            raise
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise PipError(f"Editor Subprocess exited with exit code {e.returncode}")
+
+    def _get_n_args(self, args: List[str], example: str, n: int) -> Any:
+        """Helper to make sure the command got the right number of arguments"""
+        if len(args) != n:
+            msg = (
+                f"Got unexpected number of arguments, expected {n}. "
+                f'(example: "{get_prog()} config {example}")'
+            )
+            raise PipError(msg)
+
+        if n == 1:
+            return args[0]
+        else:
+            return args
+
+    def _save_configuration(self) -> None:
+        # We successfully ran a modifying command. Need to save the
+        # configuration.
+        try:
+            self.configuration.save()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Unable to save configuration. Please report this as a bug."
+            )
+            raise PipError("Internal Error.")
+
+    def _determine_editor(self, options: Values) -> str:
+        if options.editor is not None:
+            return options.editor
+        elif "VISUAL" in os.environ:
+            return os.environ["VISUAL"]
+        elif "EDITOR" in os.environ:
+            return os.environ["EDITOR"]
+        else:
+            raise PipError("Could not determine editor to use.")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5271c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import importlib.resources
+import locale
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+import pip._vendor
+from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def show_value(name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    logger.info("%s: %s", name, value)
+
+
+def show_sys_implementation() -> None:
+    logger.info("sys.implementation:")
+    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    with indent_log():
+        show_value("name", implementation_name)
+
+
+def create_vendor_txt_map() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    with importlib.resources.open_text("pip._vendor", "vendor.txt") as f:
+        # Purge non version specifying lines.
+        # Also, remove any space prefix or suffixes (including comments).
+        lines = [
+            line.strip().split(" ", 1)[0] for line in f.readlines() if "==" in line
+        ]
+
+    # Transform into "module" -> version dict.
+    return dict(line.split("==", 1) for line in lines)
+
+
+def get_module_from_module_name(module_name: str) -> Optional[ModuleType]:
+    # Module name can be uppercase in vendor.txt for some reason...
+    module_name = module_name.lower().replace("-", "_")
+    # PATCH: setuptools is actually only pkg_resources.
+    if module_name == "setuptools":
+        module_name = "pkg_resources"
+
+    try:
+        __import__(f"pip._vendor.{module_name}", globals(), locals(), level=0)
+        return getattr(pip._vendor, module_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        # We allow 'truststore' to fail to import due
+        # to being unavailable on Python 3.9 and earlier.
+        if module_name == "truststore" and sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+            return None
+        raise
+
+
+def get_vendor_version_from_module(module_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    module = get_module_from_module_name(module_name)
+    version = getattr(module, "__version__", None)
+
+    if module and not version:
+        # Try to find version in debundled module info.
+        assert module.__file__ is not None
+        env = get_environment([os.path.dirname(module.__file__)])
+        dist = env.get_distribution(module_name)
+        if dist:
+            version = str(dist.version)
+
+    return version
+
+
+def show_actual_vendor_versions(vendor_txt_versions: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Log the actual version and print extra info if there is
+    a conflict or if the actual version could not be imported.
+    """
+    for module_name, expected_version in vendor_txt_versions.items():
+        extra_message = ""
+        actual_version = get_vendor_version_from_module(module_name)
+        if not actual_version:
+            extra_message = (
+                " (Unable to locate actual module version, using"
+                " vendor.txt specified version)"
+            )
+            actual_version = expected_version
+        elif parse_version(actual_version) != parse_version(expected_version):
+            extra_message = (
+                " (CONFLICT: vendor.txt suggests version should"
+                f" be {expected_version})"
+            )
+        logger.info("%s==%s%s", module_name, actual_version, extra_message)
+
+
+def show_vendor_versions() -> None:
+    logger.info("vendored library versions:")
+
+    vendor_txt_versions = create_vendor_txt_map()
+    with indent_log():
+        show_actual_vendor_versions(vendor_txt_versions)
+
+
+def show_tags(options: Values) -> None:
+    tag_limit = 10
+
+    target_python = make_target_python(options)
+    tags = target_python.get_sorted_tags()
+
+    # Display the target options that were explicitly provided.
+    formatted_target = target_python.format_given()
+    suffix = ""
+    if formatted_target:
+        suffix = f" (target: {formatted_target})"
+
+    msg = f"Compatible tags: {len(tags)}{suffix}"
+    logger.info(msg)
+
+    if options.verbose < 1 and len(tags) > tag_limit:
+        tags_limited = True
+        tags = tags[:tag_limit]
+    else:
+        tags_limited = False
+
+    with indent_log():
+        for tag in tags:
+            logger.info(str(tag))
+
+        if tags_limited:
+            msg = f"...\n[First {tag_limit} tags shown. Pass --verbose to show all.]"
+            logger.info(msg)
+
+
+def ca_bundle_info(config: Configuration) -> str:
+    levels = {key.split(".", 1)[0] for key, _ in config.items()}
+    if not levels:
+        return "Not specified"
+
+    levels_that_override_global = ["install", "wheel", "download"]
+    global_overriding_level = [
+        level for level in levels if level in levels_that_override_global
+    ]
+    if not global_overriding_level:
+        return "global"
+
+    if "global" in levels:
+        levels.remove("global")
+    return ", ".join(levels)
+
+
+class DebugCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Display debug information.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog <options>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+        self.parser.config.load()
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        logger.warning(
+            "This command is only meant for debugging. "
+            "Do not use this with automation for parsing and getting these "
+            "details, since the output and options of this command may "
+            "change without notice."
+        )
+        show_value("pip version", get_pip_version())
+        show_value("sys.version", sys.version)
+        show_value("sys.executable", sys.executable)
+        show_value("sys.getdefaultencoding", sys.getdefaultencoding())
+        show_value("sys.getfilesystemencoding", sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        show_value(
+            "locale.getpreferredencoding",
+            locale.getpreferredencoding(),
+        )
+        show_value("sys.platform", sys.platform)
+        show_sys_implementation()
+
+        show_value("'cert' config value", ca_bundle_info(self.parser.config))
+        show_value("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"))
+        show_value("CURL_CA_BUNDLE", os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE"))
+        show_value("pip._vendor.certifi.where()", where())
+        show_value("pip._vendor.DEBUNDLED", pip._vendor.DEBUNDLED)
+
+        show_vendor_versions()
+
+        show_tags(options)
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54247a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import RequirementCommand, with_cleanup
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import check_legacy_setup_py_options
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, normalize_path, write_output
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DownloadCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Download packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports downloading from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be downloaded.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-d",
+            "--dest",
+            "--destination-dir",
+            "--destination-directory",
+            dest="download_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=os.curdir,
+            help="Download packages into <dir>.",
+        )
+
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        options.ignore_installed = True
+        # editable doesn't really make sense for `pip download`, but the bowels
+        # of the RequirementSet code require that property.
+        options.editables = []
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options)
+
+        options.download_dir = normalize_path(options.download_dir)
+        ensure_dir(options.download_dir)
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="download",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+        check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+        preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+            temp_build_dir=directory,
+            options=options,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            finder=finder,
+            download_dir=options.download_dir,
+            use_user_site=False,
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+        )
+
+        resolver = self.make_resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            options=options,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+            py_version_info=options.python_version,
+        )
+
+        self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+        requirement_set = resolver.resolve(reqs, check_supported_wheels=True)
+
+        downloaded: List[str] = []
+        for req in requirement_set.requirements.values():
+            if req.satisfied_by is None:
+                assert req.name is not None
+                preparer.save_linked_requirement(req)
+                downloaded.append(req.name)
+
+        preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(requirement_set.requirements.values())
+        requirement_set.warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers()
+
+        if downloaded:
+            write_output("Successfully downloaded %s", " ".join(downloaded))
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e64cb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import AbstractSet, List
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+
+
+def _should_suppress_build_backends() -> bool:
+    return sys.version_info < (3, 12)
+
+
+def _dev_pkgs() -> AbstractSet[str]:
+    pkgs = {"pip"}
+
+    if _should_suppress_build_backends():
+        pkgs |= {"setuptools", "distribute", "wheel"}
+        pkgs |= {"setuptools", "distribute", "wheel", "pkg-resources"}
+
+    return pkgs
+
+
+class FreezeCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Output installed packages in requirements format.
+
+    packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+    log_streams = ("ext://sys.stderr", "ext://sys.stderr")
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-r",
+            "--requirement",
+            dest="requirements",
+            action="append",
+            default=[],
+            metavar="file",
+            help=(
+                "Use the order in the given requirements file and its "
+                "comments when generating output. This option can be "
+                "used multiple times."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-l",
+            "--local",
+            dest="local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not output "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--all",
+            dest="freeze_all",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Do not skip these packages in the output:"
+                " {}".format(", ".join(_dev_pkgs()))
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--exclude-editable",
+            dest="exclude_editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Exclude editable package from output.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_exclude())
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        skip = set(stdlib_pkgs)
+        if not options.freeze_all:
+            skip.update(_dev_pkgs())
+
+        if options.excludes:
+            skip.update(options.excludes)
+
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+
+        for line in freeze(
+            requirement=options.requirements,
+            local_only=options.local,
+            user_only=options.user,
+            paths=options.path,
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            skip=skip,
+            exclude_editable=options.exclude_editable,
+        ):
+            sys.stdout.write(line + "\n")
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042dac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH, STRONG_HASHES
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks, write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class HashCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Compute a hash of a local package archive.
+
+    These can be used with --hash in a requirements file to do repeatable
+    installs.
+    """
+
+    usage = "%prog [options] <file> ..."
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-a",
+            "--algorithm",
+            dest="algorithm",
+            choices=STRONG_HASHES,
+            action="store",
+            default=FAVORITE_HASH,
+            help="The hash algorithm to use: one of {}".format(
+                ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
+            ),
+        )
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            self.parser.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+            return ERROR
+
+        algorithm = options.algorithm
+        for path in args:
+            write_output(
+                "%s:\n--hash=%s:%s", path, algorithm, _hash_of_file(path, algorithm)
+            )
+        return SUCCESS
+
+
+def _hash_of_file(path: str, algorithm: str) -> str:
+    """Return the hash digest of a file."""
+    with open(path, "rb") as archive:
+        hash = hashlib.new(algorithm)
+        for chunk in read_chunks(archive):
+            hash.update(chunk)
+    return hash.hexdigest()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6206631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+
+
+class HelpCommand(Command):
+    """Show help for commands"""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog <command>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        from pip._internal.commands import (
+            commands_dict,
+            create_command,
+            get_similar_commands,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # 'pip help' with no args is handled by pip.__init__.parseopt()
+            cmd_name = args[0]  # the command we need help for
+        except IndexError:
+            return SUCCESS
+
+        if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
+            guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
+
+            msg = [f'unknown command "{cmd_name}"']
+            if guess:
+                msg.append(f'maybe you meant "{guess}"')
+
+            raise CommandError(" - ".join(msg))
+
+        command = create_command(cmd_name)
+        command.parser.print_help()
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f55e9e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.commands.search import print_dist_installation_info
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, DistributionNotFound, PipError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class IndexCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    """
+    Inspect information available from package indexes.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog versions <package>
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "versions": self.get_available_package_versions,
+        }
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "pip index is currently an experimental command. "
+            "It may be removed/changed in a future release "
+            "without prior warning."
+        )
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        session: PipSession,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to the index command.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+
+        # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=False,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+            target_python=target_python,
+        )
+
+    def get_available_package_versions(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            raise CommandError("You need to specify exactly one argument")
+
+        target_python = cmdoptions.make_target_python(options)
+        query = args[0]
+
+        with self._build_session(options) as session:
+            finder = self._build_package_finder(
+                options=options,
+                session=session,
+                target_python=target_python,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            )
+
+            versions: Iterable[Union[LegacyVersion, Version]] = (
+                candidate.version for candidate in finder.find_all_candidates(query)
+            )
+
+            if not options.pre:
+                # Remove prereleases
+                versions = (
+                    version for version in versions if not version.is_prerelease
+                )
+            versions = set(versions)
+
+            if not versions:
+                raise DistributionNotFound(
+                    f"No matching distribution found for {query}"
+                )
+
+            formatted_versions = [str(ver) for ver in sorted(versions, reverse=True)]
+            latest = formatted_versions[0]
+
+        write_output(f"{query} ({latest})")
+        write_output("Available versions: {}".format(", ".join(formatted_versions)))
+        print_dist_installation_info(query, latest)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c8fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import default_environment
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InspectCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Inspect the content of a Python environment and produce a report in JSON format.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+        dists = get_environment(options.path).iter_installed_distributions(
+            local_only=options.local,
+            user_only=options.user,
+            skip=set(stdlib_pkgs),
+        )
+        output = {
+            "version": "1",
+            "pip_version": __version__,
+            "installed": [self._dist_to_dict(dist) for dist in dists],
+            "environment": default_environment(),
+            # TODO tags? scheme?
+        }
+        print_json(data=output)
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _dist_to_dict(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        res: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "metadata": dist.metadata_dict,
+            "metadata_location": dist.info_location,
+        }
+        # direct_url. Note that we don't have download_info (as in the installation
+        # report) since it is not recorded in installed metadata.
+        direct_url = dist.direct_url
+        if direct_url is not None:
+            res["direct_url"] = direct_url.to_dict()
+        else:
+            # Emulate direct_url for legacy editable installs.
+            editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+            if editable_project_location is not None:
+                res["direct_url"] = {
+                    "url": path_to_url(editable_project_location),
+                    "dir_info": {
+                        "editable": True,
+                    },
+                }
+        # installer
+        installer = dist.installer
+        if dist.installer:
+            res["installer"] = installer
+        # requested
+        if dist.installed_with_dist_info:
+            res["requested"] = dist.requested
+        return res
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e944bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
+import errno
+import json
+import operator
+import os
+import shutil
+import site
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Values
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import (
+    RequirementCommand,
+    warn_if_run_as_root,
+    with_cleanup,
+)
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.installation_report import InstallationReport
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.operations.check import ConflictDetails, check_install_conflicts
+from pip._internal.req import install_given_reqs
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_legacy_setup_py_options,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import test_writable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    check_externally_managed,
+    ensure_dir,
+    get_pip_version,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+    write_output,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import build, should_build_for_install_command
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Install packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--dry-run",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="dry_run",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Don't actually install anything, just print what would be. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-t",
+            "--target",
+            dest="target_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Install packages into <dir>. "
+                "By default this will not replace existing files/folders in "
+                "<dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> "
+                "with new versions."
+            ),
+        )
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Install to the Python user install directory for your "
+                "platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\\Python on "
+                "Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE "
+                "for full details.)"
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_false",
+            help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--root",
+            dest="root_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help="Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--prefix",
+            dest="prefix_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level "
+                "folders are placed. Note that the resulting installation may "
+                "contain scripts and other resources which reference the "
+                "Python interpreter of pip, and not that of ``--prefix``. "
+                "See also the ``--python`` option if the intention is to "
+                "install packages into another (possibly pip-free) "
+                "environment."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-U",
+            "--upgrade",
+            dest="upgrade",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available "
+                "version. The handling of dependencies depends on the "
+                "upgrade-strategy used."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--upgrade-strategy",
+            dest="upgrade_strategy",
+            default="only-if-needed",
+            choices=["only-if-needed", "eager"],
+            help=(
+                "Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled "
+                "[default: %default]. "
+                '"eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of '
+                "whether the currently installed version satisfies the "
+                "requirements of the upgraded package(s). "
+                '"only-if-needed" -  are upgraded only when they do not '
+                "satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s)."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--force-reinstall",
+            dest="force_reinstall",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-I",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            dest="ignore_installed",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. "
+                "This can break your system if the existing package "
+                "is of a different version or was installed "
+                "with a different package manager!"
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.override_externally_managed())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--compile",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="compile",
+            default=True,
+            help="Compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-compile",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="compile",
+            help="Do not compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_script_location",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-conflicts",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_about_conflicts",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn about broken dependencies",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--report",
+            dest="json_report_file",
+            metavar="file",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Generate a JSON file describing what pip did to install "
+                "the provided requirements. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --dry-run and --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements. "
+                "When - is used as file name it writes to stdout. "
+                "When writing to stdout, please combine with the --quiet option "
+                "to avoid mixing pip logging output with JSON output."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.use_user_site and options.target_dir is not None:
+            raise CommandError("Can not combine '--user' and '--target'")
+
+        # Check whether the environment we're installing into is externally
+        # managed, as specified in PEP 668. Specifying --root, --target, or
+        # --prefix disables the check, since there's no reliable way to locate
+        # the EXTERNALLY-MANAGED file for those cases. An exception is also
+        # made specifically for "--dry-run --report" for convenience.
+        installing_into_current_environment = (
+            not (options.dry_run and options.json_report_file)
+            and options.root_path is None
+            and options.target_dir is None
+            and options.prefix_path is None
+        )
+        if (
+            installing_into_current_environment
+            and not options.override_externally_managed
+        ):
+            check_externally_managed()
+
+        upgrade_strategy = "to-satisfy-only"
+        if options.upgrade:
+            upgrade_strategy = options.upgrade_strategy
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options, check_target=True)
+
+        logger.verbose("Using %s", get_pip_version())
+        options.use_user_site = decide_user_install(
+            options.use_user_site,
+            prefix_path=options.prefix_path,
+            target_dir=options.target_dir,
+            root_path=options.root_path,
+            isolated_mode=options.isolated_mode,
+        )
+
+        target_temp_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        target_temp_dir_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if options.target_dir:
+            options.ignore_installed = True
+            options.target_dir = os.path.abspath(options.target_dir)
+            if (
+                # fmt: off
+                os.path.exists(options.target_dir) and
+                not os.path.isdir(options.target_dir)
+                # fmt: on
+            ):
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "Target path exists but is not a directory, will not continue."
+                )
+
+            # Create a target directory for using with the target option
+            target_temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="target")
+            target_temp_dir_path = target_temp_dir.path
+            self.enter_context(target_temp_dir)
+
+        global_options = options.global_options or []
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="install",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+            check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+            wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir)
+
+            # Only when installing is it permitted to use PEP 660.
+            # In other circumstances (pip wheel, pip download) we generate
+            # regular (i.e. non editable) metadata and wheels.
+            for req in reqs:
+                req.permit_editable_wheels = True
+
+            preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+                temp_build_dir=directory,
+                options=options,
+                build_tracker=build_tracker,
+                session=session,
+                finder=finder,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            )
+            resolver = self.make_resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                ignore_installed=options.ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=options.force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+            )
+
+            self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+            requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
+                reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
+            )
+
+            if options.json_report_file:
+                report = InstallationReport(requirement_set.requirements_to_install)
+                if options.json_report_file == "-":
+                    print_json(data=report.to_dict())
+                else:
+                    with open(options.json_report_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                        json.dump(report.to_dict(), f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+            if options.dry_run:
+                # In non dry-run mode, the legacy versions and specifiers check
+                # will be done as part of conflict detection.
+                requirement_set.warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers()
+                would_install_items = sorted(
+                    (r.metadata["name"], r.metadata["version"])
+                    for r in requirement_set.requirements_to_install
+                )
+                if would_install_items:
+                    write_output(
+                        "Would install %s",
+                        " ".join("-".join(item) for item in would_install_items),
+                    )
+                return SUCCESS
+
+            try:
+                pip_req = requirement_set.get_requirement("pip")
+            except KeyError:
+                modifying_pip = False
+            else:
+                # If we're not replacing an already installed pip,
+                # we're not modifying it.
+                modifying_pip = pip_req.satisfied_by is None
+            protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip=modifying_pip)
+
+            reqs_to_build = [
+                r
+                for r in requirement_set.requirements.values()
+                if should_build_for_install_command(r)
+            ]
+
+            _, build_failures = build(
+                reqs_to_build,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                verify=True,
+                build_options=[],
+                global_options=global_options,
+            )
+
+            if build_failures:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    "Could not build wheels for {}, which is required to "
+                    "install pyproject.toml-based projects".format(
+                        ", ".join(r.name for r in build_failures)  # type: ignore
+                    )
+                )
+
+            to_install = resolver.get_installation_order(requirement_set)
+
+            # Check for conflicts in the package set we're installing.
+            conflicts: Optional[ConflictDetails] = None
+            should_warn_about_conflicts = (
+                not options.ignore_dependencies and options.warn_about_conflicts
+            )
+            if should_warn_about_conflicts:
+                conflicts = self._determine_conflicts(to_install)
+
+            # Don't warn about script install locations if
+            # --target or --prefix has been specified
+            warn_script_location = options.warn_script_location
+            if options.target_dir or options.prefix_path:
+                warn_script_location = False
+
+            installed = install_given_reqs(
+                to_install,
+                global_options,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                pycompile=options.compile,
+            )
+
+            lib_locations = get_lib_location_guesses(
+                user=options.use_user_site,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            env = get_environment(lib_locations)
+
+            installed.sort(key=operator.attrgetter("name"))
+            items = []
+            for result in installed:
+                item = result.name
+                try:
+                    installed_dist = env.get_distribution(item)
+                    if installed_dist is not None:
+                        item = f"{item}-{installed_dist.version}"
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                items.append(item)
+
+            if conflicts is not None:
+                self._warn_about_conflicts(
+                    conflicts,
+                    resolver_variant=self.determine_resolver_variant(options),
+                )
+
+            installed_desc = " ".join(items)
+            if installed_desc:
+                write_output(
+                    "Successfully installed %s",
+                    installed_desc,
+                )
+        except OSError as error:
+            show_traceback = self.verbosity >= 1
+
+            message = create_os_error_message(
+                error,
+                show_traceback,
+                options.use_user_site,
+            )
+            logger.error(message, exc_info=show_traceback)
+
+            return ERROR
+
+        if options.target_dir:
+            assert target_temp_dir
+            self._handle_target_dir(
+                options.target_dir, target_temp_dir, options.upgrade
+            )
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _handle_target_dir(
+        self, target_dir: str, target_temp_dir: TempDirectory, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        ensure_dir(target_dir)
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        lib_dir_list = []
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        scheme = get_scheme("", home=target_temp_dir.path)
+        purelib_dir = scheme.purelib
+        platlib_dir = scheme.platlib
+        data_dir = scheme.data
+
+        if os.path.exists(purelib_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(purelib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(platlib_dir) and platlib_dir != purelib_dir:
+            lib_dir_list.append(platlib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(data_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(data_dir)
+
+        for lib_dir in lib_dir_list:
+            for item in os.listdir(lib_dir):
+                if lib_dir == data_dir:
+                    ddir = os.path.join(data_dir, item)
+                    if any(s.startswith(ddir) for s in lib_dir_list[:-1]):
+                        continue
+                target_item_dir = os.path.join(target_dir, item)
+                if os.path.exists(target_item_dir):
+                    if not upgrade:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists. Specify "
+                            "--upgrade to force replacement.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.islink(target_item_dir):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists and is "
+                            "a link. pip will not automatically replace "
+                            "links, please remove if replacement is "
+                            "desired.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.isdir(target_item_dir):
+                        shutil.rmtree(target_item_dir)
+                    else:
+                        os.remove(target_item_dir)
+
+                shutil.move(os.path.join(lib_dir, item), target_item_dir)
+
+    def _determine_conflicts(
+        self, to_install: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> Optional[ConflictDetails]:
+        try:
+            return check_install_conflicts(to_install)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Error while checking for conflicts. Please file an issue on "
+                "pip's issue tracker: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/new"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    def _warn_about_conflicts(
+        self, conflict_details: ConflictDetails, resolver_variant: str
+    ) -> None:
+        package_set, (missing, conflicting) = conflict_details
+        if not missing and not conflicting:
+            return
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        if resolver_variant == "legacy":
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's legacy dependency resolver does not consider dependency "
+                "conflicts when selecting packages. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+        else:
+            assert resolver_variant == "resolvelib"
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account "
+                "all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+
+        # NOTE: There is some duplication here, with commands/check.py
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    f"{project_name} {version} requires {dependency[1]}, "
+                    "which is not installed."
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    "{name} {version} requires {requirement}, but {you} have "
+                    "{dep_name} {dep_version} which is incompatible."
+                ).format(
+                    name=project_name,
+                    version=version,
+                    requirement=req,
+                    dep_name=dep_name,
+                    dep_version=dep_version,
+                    you=("you" if resolver_variant == "resolvelib" else "you'll"),
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        logger.critical("\n".join(parts))
+
+
+def get_lib_location_guesses(
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> List[str]:
+    scheme = get_scheme(
+        "",
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    return [scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib]
+
+
+def site_packages_writable(root: Optional[str], isolated: bool) -> bool:
+    return all(
+        test_writable_dir(d)
+        for d in set(get_lib_location_guesses(root=root, isolated=isolated))
+    )
+
+
+def decide_user_install(
+    use_user_site: Optional[bool],
+    prefix_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    target_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    root_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated_mode: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether to do a user install based on the input options.
+
+    If use_user_site is False, no additional checks are done.
+    If use_user_site is True, it is checked for compatibility with other
+    options.
+    If use_user_site is None, the default behaviour depends on the environment,
+    which is provided by the other arguments.
+    """
+    # In some cases (config from tox), use_user_site can be set to an integer
+    # rather than a bool, which 'use_user_site is False' wouldn't catch.
+    if (use_user_site is not None) and (not use_user_site):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install by explicit request")
+        return False
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        if prefix_path:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not combine '--user' and '--prefix' as they imply "
+                "different installation locations"
+            )
+        if virtualenv_no_global():
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages "
+                "are not visible in this virtualenv."
+            )
+        logger.debug("User install by explicit request")
+        return True
+
+    # If we are here, user installs have not been explicitly requested/avoided
+    assert use_user_site is None
+
+    # user install incompatible with --prefix/--target
+    if prefix_path or target_dir:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install due to --prefix or --target option")
+        return False
+
+    # If user installs are not enabled, choose a non-user install
+    if not site.ENABLE_USER_SITE:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because user site-packages disabled")
+        return False
+
+    # If we have permission for a non-user install, do that,
+    # otherwise do a user install.
+    if site_packages_writable(root=root_path, isolated=isolated_mode):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because site-packages writeable")
+        return False
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages "
+        "is not writeable"
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+def create_os_error_message(
+    error: OSError, show_traceback: bool, using_user_site: bool
+) -> str:
+    """Format an error message for an OSError
+
+    It may occur anytime during the execution of the install command.
+    """
+    parts = []
+
+    # Mention the error if we are not going to show a traceback
+    parts.append("Could not install packages due to an OSError")
+    if not show_traceback:
+        parts.append(": ")
+        parts.append(str(error))
+    else:
+        parts.append(".")
+
+    # Spilt the error indication from a helper message (if any)
+    parts[-1] += "\n"
+
+    # Suggest useful actions to the user:
+    #  (1) using user site-packages or (2) verifying the permissions
+    if error.errno == errno.EACCES:
+        user_option_part = "Consider using the `--user` option"
+        permissions_part = "Check the permissions"
+
+        if not running_under_virtualenv() and not using_user_site:
+            parts.extend(
+                [
+                    user_option_part,
+                    " or ",
+                    permissions_part.lower(),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            parts.append(permissions_part)
+        parts.append(".\n")
+
+    # Suggest the user to enable Long Paths if path length is
+    # more than 260
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and error.errno == errno.ENOENT
+        and error.filename
+        and len(error.filename) > 260
+    ):
+        parts.append(
+            "HINT: This error might have occurred since "
+            "this system does not have Windows Long Path "
+            "support enabled. You can find information on "
+            "how to enable this at "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/enable-long-paths\n"
+        )
+
+    return "".join(parts).strip() + "\n"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32fb19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+import json
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import tabulate, write_output
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.metadata.base import DistributionVersion
+
+    class _DistWithLatestInfo(BaseDistribution):
+        """Give the distribution object a couple of extra fields.
+
+        These will be populated during ``get_outdated()``. This is dirty but
+        makes the rest of the code much cleaner.
+        """
+
+        latest_version: DistributionVersion
+        latest_filetype: str
+
+    _ProcessedDists = Sequence[_DistWithLatestInfo]
+
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ListCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    """
+    List installed packages, including editables.
+
+    Packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-o",
+            "--outdated",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List outdated packages",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-u",
+            "--uptodate",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List uptodate packages",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-e",
+            "--editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List editable projects.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-l",
+            "--local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--pre",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+                "pip only finds stable versions."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--format",
+            action="store",
+            dest="list_format",
+            default="columns",
+            choices=("columns", "freeze", "json"),
+            help=(
+                "Select the output format among: columns (default), freeze, or json. "
+                "The 'freeze' format cannot be used with the --outdated option."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--not-required",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="not_required",
+            help="List packages that are not dependencies of installed packages.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--exclude-editable",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="include_editable",
+            help="Exclude editable package from output.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--include-editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="include_editable",
+            help="Include editable package from output.",
+            default=True,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_exclude())
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.index_group, self.parser)
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self, options: Values, session: PipSession
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to this list command.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+
+        # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=False,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+        )
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.outdated and options.uptodate:
+            raise CommandError("Options --outdated and --uptodate cannot be combined.")
+
+        if options.outdated and options.list_format == "freeze":
+            raise CommandError(
+                "List format 'freeze' cannot be used with the --outdated option."
+            )
+
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+
+        skip = set(stdlib_pkgs)
+        if options.excludes:
+            skip.update(canonicalize_name(n) for n in options.excludes)
+
+        packages: "_ProcessedDists" = [
+            cast("_DistWithLatestInfo", d)
+            for d in get_environment(options.path).iter_installed_distributions(
+                local_only=options.local,
+                user_only=options.user,
+                editables_only=options.editable,
+                include_editables=options.include_editable,
+                skip=skip,
+            )
+        ]
+
+        # get_not_required must be called firstly in order to find and
+        # filter out all dependencies correctly. Otherwise a package
+        # can't be identified as requirement because some parent packages
+        # could be filtered out before.
+        if options.not_required:
+            packages = self.get_not_required(packages, options)
+
+        if options.outdated:
+            packages = self.get_outdated(packages, options)
+        elif options.uptodate:
+            packages = self.get_uptodate(packages, options)
+
+        self.output_package_listing(packages, options)
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def get_outdated(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        return [
+            dist
+            for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
+            if parse(str(dist.latest_version)) > parse(str(dist.version))
+        ]
+
+    def get_uptodate(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        return [
+            dist
+            for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
+            if parse(str(dist.latest_version)) == parse(str(dist.version))
+        ]
+
+    def get_not_required(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        dep_keys = {
+            canonicalize_name(dep.name)
+            for dist in packages
+            for dep in (dist.iter_dependencies() or ())
+        }
+
+        # Create a set to remove duplicate packages, and cast it to a list
+        # to keep the return type consistent with get_outdated and
+        # get_uptodate
+        return list({pkg for pkg in packages if pkg.canonical_name not in dep_keys})
+
+    def iter_packages_latest_infos(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> Generator["_DistWithLatestInfo", None, None]:
+        with self._build_session(options) as session:
+            finder = self._build_package_finder(options, session)
+
+            def latest_info(
+                dist: "_DistWithLatestInfo",
+            ) -> Optional["_DistWithLatestInfo"]:
+                all_candidates = finder.find_all_candidates(dist.canonical_name)
+                if not options.pre:
+                    # Remove prereleases
+                    all_candidates = [
+                        candidate
+                        for candidate in all_candidates
+                        if not candidate.version.is_prerelease
+                    ]
+
+                evaluator = finder.make_candidate_evaluator(
+                    project_name=dist.canonical_name,
+                )
+                best_candidate = evaluator.sort_best_candidate(all_candidates)
+                if best_candidate is None:
+                    return None
+
+                remote_version = best_candidate.version
+                if best_candidate.link.is_wheel:
+                    typ = "wheel"
+                else:
+                    typ = "sdist"
+                dist.latest_version = remote_version
+                dist.latest_filetype = typ
+                return dist
+
+            for dist in map(latest_info, packages):
+                if dist is not None:
+                    yield dist
+
+    def output_package_listing(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> None:
+        packages = sorted(
+            packages,
+            key=lambda dist: dist.canonical_name,
+        )
+        if options.list_format == "columns" and packages:
+            data, header = format_for_columns(packages, options)
+            self.output_package_listing_columns(data, header)
+        elif options.list_format == "freeze":
+            for dist in packages:
+                if options.verbose >= 1:
+                    write_output(
+                        "%s==%s (%s)", dist.raw_name, dist.version, dist.location
+                    )
+                else:
+                    write_output("%s==%s", dist.raw_name, dist.version)
+        elif options.list_format == "json":
+            write_output(format_for_json(packages, options))
+
+    def output_package_listing_columns(
+        self, data: List[List[str]], header: List[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        # insert the header first: we need to know the size of column names
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            data.insert(0, header)
+
+        pkg_strings, sizes = tabulate(data)
+
+        # Create and add a separator.
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            pkg_strings.insert(1, " ".join("-" * x for x in sizes))
+
+        for val in pkg_strings:
+            write_output(val)
+
+
+def format_for_columns(
+    pkgs: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+) -> Tuple[List[List[str]], List[str]]:
+    """
+    Convert the package data into something usable
+    by output_package_listing_columns.
+    """
+    header = ["Package", "Version"]
+
+    running_outdated = options.outdated
+    if running_outdated:
+        header.extend(["Latest", "Type"])
+
+    has_editables = any(x.editable for x in pkgs)
+    if has_editables:
+        header.append("Editable project location")
+
+    if options.verbose >= 1:
+        header.append("Location")
+    if options.verbose >= 1:
+        header.append("Installer")
+
+    data = []
+    for proj in pkgs:
+        # if we're working on the 'outdated' list, separate out the
+        # latest_version and type
+        row = [proj.raw_name, str(proj.version)]
+
+        if running_outdated:
+            row.append(str(proj.latest_version))
+            row.append(proj.latest_filetype)
+
+        if has_editables:
+            row.append(proj.editable_project_location or "")
+
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            row.append(proj.location or "")
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            row.append(proj.installer)
+
+        data.append(row)
+
+    return data, header
+
+
+def format_for_json(packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values) -> str:
+    data = []
+    for dist in packages:
+        info = {
+            "name": dist.raw_name,
+            "version": str(dist.version),
+        }
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            info["location"] = dist.location or ""
+            info["installer"] = dist.installer
+        if options.outdated:
+            info["latest_version"] = str(dist.latest_version)
+            info["latest_filetype"] = dist.latest_filetype
+        editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+        if editable_project_location:
+            info["editable_project_location"] = editable_project_location
+        data.append(info)
+    return json.dumps(data)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03ed925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import logging
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import xmlrpc.client
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import SessionCommandMixin
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import NO_MATCHES_FOUND, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.network.xmlrpc import PipXmlrpcTransport
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class TransformedHit(TypedDict):
+        name: str
+        summary: str
+        versions: List[str]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SearchCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """Search for PyPI packages whose name or summary contains <query>."""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <query>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-i",
+            "--index",
+            dest="index",
+            metavar="URL",
+            default=PyPI.pypi_url,
+            help="Base URL of Python Package Index (default %default)",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            raise CommandError("Missing required argument (search query).")
+        query = args
+        pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
+        hits = transform_hits(pypi_hits)
+
+        terminal_width = None
+        if sys.stdout.isatty():
+            terminal_width = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0]
+
+        print_results(hits, terminal_width=terminal_width)
+        if pypi_hits:
+            return SUCCESS
+        return NO_MATCHES_FOUND
+
+    def search(self, query: List[str], options: Values) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+        index_url = options.index
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        transport = PipXmlrpcTransport(index_url, session)
+        pypi = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(index_url, transport)
+        try:
+            hits = pypi.search({"name": query, "summary": query}, "or")
+        except xmlrpc.client.Fault as fault:
+            message = "XMLRPC request failed [code: {code}]\n{string}".format(
+                code=fault.faultCode,
+                string=fault.faultString,
+            )
+            raise CommandError(message)
+        assert isinstance(hits, list)
+        return hits
+
+
+def transform_hits(hits: List[Dict[str, str]]) -> List["TransformedHit"]:
+    """
+    The list from pypi is really a list of versions. We want a list of
+    packages with the list of versions stored inline. This converts the
+    list from pypi into one we can use.
+    """
+    packages: Dict[str, "TransformedHit"] = OrderedDict()
+    for hit in hits:
+        name = hit["name"]
+        summary = hit["summary"]
+        version = hit["version"]
+
+        if name not in packages.keys():
+            packages[name] = {
+                "name": name,
+                "summary": summary,
+                "versions": [version],
+            }
+        else:
+            packages[name]["versions"].append(version)
+
+            # if this is the highest version, replace summary and score
+            if version == highest_version(packages[name]["versions"]):
+                packages[name]["summary"] = summary
+
+    return list(packages.values())
+
+
+def print_dist_installation_info(name: str, latest: str) -> None:
+    env = get_default_environment()
+    dist = env.get_distribution(name)
+    if dist is not None:
+        with indent_log():
+            if dist.version == latest:
+                write_output("INSTALLED: %s (latest)", dist.version)
+            else:
+                write_output("INSTALLED: %s", dist.version)
+                if parse_version(latest).pre:
+                    write_output(
+                        "LATEST:    %s (pre-release; install"
+                        " with `pip install --pre`)",
+                        latest,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    write_output("LATEST:    %s", latest)
+
+
+def print_results(
+    hits: List["TransformedHit"],
+    name_column_width: Optional[int] = None,
+    terminal_width: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if not hits:
+        return
+    if name_column_width is None:
+        name_column_width = (
+            max(
+                [
+                    len(hit["name"]) + len(highest_version(hit.get("versions", ["-"])))
+                    for hit in hits
+                ]
+            )
+            + 4
+        )
+
+    for hit in hits:
+        name = hit["name"]
+        summary = hit["summary"] or ""
+        latest = highest_version(hit.get("versions", ["-"]))
+        if terminal_width is not None:
+            target_width = terminal_width - name_column_width - 5
+            if target_width > 10:
+                # wrap and indent summary to fit terminal
+                summary_lines = textwrap.wrap(summary, target_width)
+                summary = ("\n" + " " * (name_column_width + 3)).join(summary_lines)
+
+        name_latest = f"{name} ({latest})"
+        line = f"{name_latest:{name_column_width}} - {summary}"
+        try:
+            write_output(line)
+            print_dist_installation_info(name, latest)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            pass
+
+
+def highest_version(versions: List[str]) -> str:
+    return max(versions, key=parse_version)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f10701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Generator, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ShowCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Show information about one or more installed packages.
+
+    The output is in RFC-compliant mail header format.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <package> ..."""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-f",
+            "--files",
+            dest="files",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Show the full list of installed files for each package.",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            logger.warning("ERROR: Please provide a package name or names.")
+            return ERROR
+        query = args
+
+        results = search_packages_info(query)
+        if not print_results(
+            results, list_files=options.files, verbose=options.verbose
+        ):
+            return ERROR
+        return SUCCESS
+
+
+class _PackageInfo(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    version: str
+    location: str
+    editable_project_location: Optional[str]
+    requires: List[str]
+    required_by: List[str]
+    installer: str
+    metadata_version: str
+    classifiers: List[str]
+    summary: str
+    homepage: str
+    project_urls: List[str]
+    author: str
+    author_email: str
+    license: str
+    entry_points: List[str]
+    files: Optional[List[str]]
+
+
+def search_packages_info(query: List[str]) -> Generator[_PackageInfo, None, None]:
+    """
+    Gather details from installed distributions. Print distribution name,
+    version, location, and installed files. Installed files requires a
+    pip generated 'installed-files.txt' in the distributions '.egg-info'
+    directory.
+    """
+    env = get_default_environment()
+
+    installed = {dist.canonical_name: dist for dist in env.iter_all_distributions()}
+    query_names = [canonicalize_name(name) for name in query]
+    missing = sorted(
+        [name for name, pkg in zip(query, query_names) if pkg not in installed]
+    )
+    if missing:
+        logger.warning("Package(s) not found: %s", ", ".join(missing))
+
+    def _get_requiring_packages(current_dist: BaseDistribution) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return (
+            dist.metadata["Name"] or "UNKNOWN"
+            for dist in installed.values()
+            if current_dist.canonical_name
+            in {canonicalize_name(d.name) for d in dist.iter_dependencies()}
+        )
+
+    for query_name in query_names:
+        try:
+            dist = installed[query_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        requires = sorted((req.name for req in dist.iter_dependencies()), key=str.lower)
+        required_by = sorted(_get_requiring_packages(dist), key=str.lower)
+
+        try:
+            entry_points_text = dist.read_text("entry_points.txt")
+            entry_points = entry_points_text.splitlines(keepends=False)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            entry_points = []
+
+        files_iter = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+        if files_iter is None:
+            files: Optional[List[str]] = None
+        else:
+            files = sorted(files_iter)
+
+        metadata = dist.metadata
+
+        yield _PackageInfo(
+            name=dist.raw_name,
+            version=str(dist.version),
+            location=dist.location or "",
+            editable_project_location=dist.editable_project_location,
+            requires=requires,
+            required_by=required_by,
+            installer=dist.installer,
+            metadata_version=dist.metadata_version or "",
+            classifiers=metadata.get_all("Classifier", []),
+            summary=metadata.get("Summary", ""),
+            homepage=metadata.get("Home-page", ""),
+            project_urls=metadata.get_all("Project-URL", []),
+            author=metadata.get("Author", ""),
+            author_email=metadata.get("Author-email", ""),
+            license=metadata.get("License", ""),
+            entry_points=entry_points,
+            files=files,
+        )
+
+
+def print_results(
+    distributions: Iterable[_PackageInfo],
+    list_files: bool,
+    verbose: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Print the information from installed distributions found.
+    """
+    results_printed = False
+    for i, dist in enumerate(distributions):
+        results_printed = True
+        if i > 0:
+            write_output("---")
+
+        write_output("Name: %s", dist.name)
+        write_output("Version: %s", dist.version)
+        write_output("Summary: %s", dist.summary)
+        write_output("Home-page: %s", dist.homepage)
+        write_output("Author: %s", dist.author)
+        write_output("Author-email: %s", dist.author_email)
+        write_output("License: %s", dist.license)
+        write_output("Location: %s", dist.location)
+        if dist.editable_project_location is not None:
+            write_output(
+                "Editable project location: %s", dist.editable_project_location
+            )
+        write_output("Requires: %s", ", ".join(dist.requires))
+        write_output("Required-by: %s", ", ".join(dist.required_by))
+
+        if verbose:
+            write_output("Metadata-Version: %s", dist.metadata_version)
+            write_output("Installer: %s", dist.installer)
+            write_output("Classifiers:")
+            for classifier in dist.classifiers:
+                write_output("  %s", classifier)
+            write_output("Entry-points:")
+            for entry in dist.entry_points:
+                write_output("  %s", entry.strip())
+            write_output("Project-URLs:")
+            for project_url in dist.project_urls:
+                write_output("  %s", project_url)
+        if list_files:
+            write_output("Files:")
+            if dist.files is None:
+                write_output("Cannot locate RECORD or installed-files.txt")
+            else:
+                for line in dist.files:
+                    write_output("  %s", line.strip())
+    return results_printed
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f198fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import SessionCommandMixin, warn_if_run_as_root
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.req import parse_requirements
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_line,
+    install_req_from_parsed_requirement,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    check_externally_managed,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UninstallCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """
+    Uninstall packages.
+
+    pip is able to uninstall most installed packages. Known exceptions are:
+
+    - Pure distutils packages installed with ``python setup.py install``, which
+      leave behind no metadata to determine what files were installed.
+    - Script wrappers installed by ``python setup.py develop``.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <package> ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-r",
+            "--requirement",
+            dest="requirements",
+            action="append",
+            default=[],
+            metavar="file",
+            help=(
+                "Uninstall all the packages listed in the given requirements "
+                "file.  This option can be used multiple times."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-y",
+            "--yes",
+            dest="yes",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Don't ask for confirmation of uninstall deletions.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.override_externally_managed())
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        reqs_to_uninstall = {}
+        for name in args:
+            req = install_req_from_line(
+                name,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            if req.name:
+                reqs_to_uninstall[canonicalize_name(req.name)] = req
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Invalid requirement: %r ignored -"
+                    " the uninstall command expects named"
+                    " requirements.",
+                    name,
+                )
+        for filename in options.requirements:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename, options=options, session=session
+            ):
+                req = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req, isolated=options.isolated_mode
+                )
+                if req.name:
+                    reqs_to_uninstall[canonicalize_name(req.name)] = req
+        if not reqs_to_uninstall:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"You must give at least one requirement to {self.name} (see "
+                f'"pip help {self.name}")'
+            )
+
+        if not options.override_externally_managed:
+            check_externally_managed()
+
+        protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(
+            modifying_pip="pip" in reqs_to_uninstall
+        )
+
+        for req in reqs_to_uninstall.values():
+            uninstall_pathset = req.uninstall(
+                auto_confirm=options.yes,
+                verbose=self.verbosity > 0,
+            )
+            if uninstall_pathset:
+                uninstall_pathset.commit()
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed578aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import RequirementCommand, with_cleanup
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_legacy_setup_py_options,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import build, should_build_for_wheel_command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class WheelCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Build Wheel archives for your requirements and dependencies.
+
+    Wheel is a built-package format, and offers the advantage of not
+    recompiling your software during every install. For more details, see the
+    wheel docs: https://wheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+    'pip wheel' uses the build system interface as described here:
+    https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/build-system/
+
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-w",
+            "--wheel-dir",
+            dest="wheel_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=os.curdir,
+            help=(
+                "Build wheels into <dir>, where the default is the "
+                "current working directory."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-verify",
+            dest="no_verify",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Don't verify if built wheel is valid.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.build_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--pre",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+                "pip only finds stable versions."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(options, session)
+
+        options.wheel_dir = normalize_path(options.wheel_dir)
+        ensure_dir(options.wheel_dir)
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="wheel",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+        check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+        wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir)
+
+        preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+            temp_build_dir=directory,
+            options=options,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            finder=finder,
+            download_dir=options.wheel_dir,
+            use_user_site=False,
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+        )
+
+        resolver = self.make_resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            options=options,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+        )
+
+        self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+        requirement_set = resolver.resolve(reqs, check_supported_wheels=True)
+
+        reqs_to_build: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirement_set.requirements.values():
+            if req.is_wheel:
+                preparer.save_linked_requirement(req)
+            elif should_build_for_wheel_command(req):
+                reqs_to_build.append(req)
+
+        preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(requirement_set.requirements.values())
+        requirement_set.warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers()
+
+        # build wheels
+        build_successes, build_failures = build(
+            reqs_to_build,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            verify=(not options.no_verify),
+            build_options=options.build_options or [],
+            global_options=options.global_options or [],
+        )
+        for req in build_successes:
+            assert req.link and req.link.is_wheel
+            assert req.local_file_path
+            # copy from cache to target directory
+            try:
+                shutil.copy(req.local_file_path, options.wheel_dir)
+            except OSError as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
+                    req.name,
+                    e,
+                )
+                build_failures.append(req)
+        if len(build_failures) != 0:
+            raise CommandError("Failed to build one or more wheels")
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c25273d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+"""Configuration management setup
+
+Some terminology:
+- name
+  As written in config files.
+- value
+  Value associated with a name
+- key
+  Name combined with it's section (section.name)
+- variant
+  A single word describing where the configuration key-value pair came from
+"""
+
+import configparser
+import locale
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, NewType, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    ConfigurationError,
+    ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, enum
+
+RawConfigParser = configparser.RawConfigParser  # Shorthand
+Kind = NewType("Kind", str)
+
+CONFIG_BASENAME = "pip.ini" if WINDOWS else "pip.conf"
+ENV_NAMES_IGNORED = "version", "help"
+
+# The kinds of configurations there are.
+kinds = enum(
+    USER="user",  # User Specific
+    GLOBAL="global",  # System Wide
+    SITE="site",  # [Virtual] Environment Specific
+    ENV="env",  # from PIP_CONFIG_FILE
+    ENV_VAR="env-var",  # from Environment Variables
+)
+OVERRIDE_ORDER = kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.USER, kinds.SITE, kinds.ENV, kinds.ENV_VAR
+VALID_LOAD_ONLY = kinds.USER, kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.SITE
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# NOTE: Maybe use the optionx attribute to normalize keynames.
+def _normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """Make a name consistent regardless of source (environment or file)"""
+    name = name.lower().replace("_", "-")
+    if name.startswith("--"):
+        name = name[2:]  # only prefer long opts
+    return name
+
+
+def _disassemble_key(name: str) -> List[str]:
+    if "." not in name:
+        error_message = (
+            "Key does not contain dot separated section and key. "
+            f"Perhaps you wanted to use 'global.{name}' instead?"
+        )
+        raise ConfigurationError(error_message)
+    return name.split(".", 1)
+
+
+def get_configuration_files() -> Dict[Kind, List[str]]:
+    global_config_files = [
+        os.path.join(path, CONFIG_BASENAME) for path in appdirs.site_config_dirs("pip")
+    ]
+
+    site_config_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, CONFIG_BASENAME)
+    legacy_config_file = os.path.join(
+        os.path.expanduser("~"),
+        "pip" if WINDOWS else ".pip",
+        CONFIG_BASENAME,
+    )
+    new_config_file = os.path.join(appdirs.user_config_dir("pip"), CONFIG_BASENAME)
+    return {
+        kinds.GLOBAL: global_config_files,
+        kinds.SITE: [site_config_file],
+        kinds.USER: [legacy_config_file, new_config_file],
+    }
+
+
+class Configuration:
+    """Handles management of configuration.
+
+    Provides an interface to accessing and managing configuration files.
+
+    This class converts provides an API that takes "section.key-name" style
+    keys and stores the value associated with it as "key-name" under the
+    section "section".
+
+    This allows for a clean interface wherein the both the section and the
+    key-name are preserved in an easy to manage form in the configuration files
+    and the data stored is also nice.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, isolated: bool, load_only: Optional[Kind] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if load_only is not None and load_only not in VALID_LOAD_ONLY:
+            raise ConfigurationError(
+                "Got invalid value for load_only - should be one of {}".format(
+                    ", ".join(map(repr, VALID_LOAD_ONLY))
+                )
+            )
+        self.isolated = isolated
+        self.load_only = load_only
+
+        # Because we keep track of where we got the data from
+        self._parsers: Dict[Kind, List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]]] = {
+            variant: [] for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        }
+        self._config: Dict[Kind, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+            variant: {} for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        }
+        self._modified_parsers: List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]] = []
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from configuration files and environment"""
+        self._load_config_files()
+        if not self.isolated:
+            self._load_environment_vars()
+
+    def get_file_to_edit(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the file with highest priority in configuration"""
+        assert self.load_only is not None, "Need to be specified a file to be editing"
+
+        try:
+            return self._get_parser_to_modify()[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+
+    def items(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
+        """Returns key-value pairs like dict.items() representing the loaded
+        configuration
+        """
+        return self._dictionary.items()
+
+    def get_value(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        """Get a value from the configuration."""
+        orig_key = key
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        try:
+            return self._dictionary[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            # disassembling triggers a more useful error message than simply
+            # "No such key" in the case that the key isn't in the form command.option
+            _disassemble_key(key)
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"No such key - {orig_key}")
+
+    def set_value(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Modify a value in the configuration."""
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        assert self.load_only
+        fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
+
+        if parser is not None:
+            section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
+
+            # Modify the parser and the configuration
+            if not parser.has_section(section):
+                parser.add_section(section)
+            parser.set(section, name, value)
+
+        self._config[self.load_only][key] = value
+        self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
+
+    def unset_value(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """Unset a value in the configuration."""
+        orig_key = key
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        assert self.load_only
+        if key not in self._config[self.load_only]:
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"No such key - {orig_key}")
+
+        fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
+
+        if parser is not None:
+            section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
+            if not (
+                parser.has_section(section) and parser.remove_option(section, name)
+            ):
+                # The option was not removed.
+                raise ConfigurationError(
+                    "Fatal Internal error [id=1]. Please report as a bug."
+                )
+
+            # The section may be empty after the option was removed.
+            if not parser.items(section):
+                parser.remove_section(section)
+            self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
+
+        del self._config[self.load_only][key]
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        """Save the current in-memory state."""
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        for fname, parser in self._modified_parsers:
+            logger.info("Writing to %s", fname)
+
+            # Ensure directory exists.
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(fname))
+
+            # Ensure directory's permission(need to be writeable)
+            try:
+                with open(fname, "w") as f:
+                    parser.write(f)
+            except OSError as error:
+                raise ConfigurationError(
+                    f"An error occurred while writing to the configuration file "
+                    f"{fname}: {error}"
+                )
+
+    #
+    # Private routines
+    #
+
+    def _ensure_have_load_only(self) -> None:
+        if self.load_only is None:
+            raise ConfigurationError("Needed a specific file to be modifying.")
+        logger.debug("Will be working with %s variant only", self.load_only)
+
+    @property
+    def _dictionary(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """A dictionary representing the loaded configuration."""
+        # NOTE: Dictionaries are not populated if not loaded. So, conditionals
+        #       are not needed here.
+        retval = {}
+
+        for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER:
+            retval.update(self._config[variant])
+
+        return retval
+
+    def _load_config_files(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from configuration files"""
+        config_files = dict(self.iter_config_files())
+        if config_files[kinds.ENV][0:1] == [os.devnull]:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Skipping loading configuration files due to "
+                "environment's PIP_CONFIG_FILE being os.devnull"
+            )
+            return
+
+        for variant, files in config_files.items():
+            for fname in files:
+                # If there's specific variant set in `load_only`, load only
+                # that variant, not the others.
+                if self.load_only is not None and variant != self.load_only:
+                    logger.debug("Skipping file '%s' (variant: %s)", fname, variant)
+                    continue
+
+                parser = self._load_file(variant, fname)
+
+                # Keeping track of the parsers used
+                self._parsers[variant].append((fname, parser))
+
+    def _load_file(self, variant: Kind, fname: str) -> RawConfigParser:
+        logger.verbose("For variant '%s', will try loading '%s'", variant, fname)
+        parser = self._construct_parser(fname)
+
+        for section in parser.sections():
+            items = parser.items(section)
+            self._config[variant].update(self._normalized_keys(section, items))
+
+        return parser
+
+    def _construct_parser(self, fname: str) -> RawConfigParser:
+        parser = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        # If there is no such file, don't bother reading it but create the
+        # parser anyway, to hold the data.
+        # Doing this is useful when modifying and saving files, where we don't
+        # need to construct a parser.
+        if os.path.exists(fname):
+            locale_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+            try:
+                parser.read(fname, encoding=locale_encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4963
+                raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(
+                    reason=f"contains invalid {locale_encoding} characters",
+                    fname=fname,
+                )
+            except configparser.Error as error:
+                # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4893
+                raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(error=error)
+        return parser
+
+    def _load_environment_vars(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from environment variables"""
+        self._config[kinds.ENV_VAR].update(
+            self._normalized_keys(":env:", self.get_environ_vars())
+        )
+
+    def _normalized_keys(
+        self, section: str, items: Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Normalizes items to construct a dictionary with normalized keys.
+
+        This routine is where the names become keys and are made the same
+        regardless of source - configuration files or environment.
+        """
+        normalized = {}
+        for name, val in items:
+            key = section + "." + _normalize_name(name)
+            normalized[key] = val
+        return normalized
+
+    def get_environ_vars(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Returns a generator with all environmental vars with prefix PIP_"""
+        for key, val in os.environ.items():
+            if key.startswith("PIP_"):
+                name = key[4:].lower()
+                if name not in ENV_NAMES_IGNORED:
+                    yield name, val
+
+    # XXX: This is patched in the tests.
+    def iter_config_files(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[Kind, List[str]]]:
+        """Yields variant and configuration files associated with it.
+
+        This should be treated like items of a dictionary. The order
+        here doesn't affect what gets overridden. That is controlled
+        by OVERRIDE_ORDER. However this does control the order they are
+        displayed to the user. It's probably most ergononmic to display
+        things in the same order as OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        """
+        # SMELL: Move the conditions out of this function
+
+        env_config_file = os.environ.get("PIP_CONFIG_FILE", None)
+        config_files = get_configuration_files()
+
+        yield kinds.GLOBAL, config_files[kinds.GLOBAL]
+
+        # per-user config is not loaded when env_config_file exists
+        should_load_user_config = not self.isolated and not (
+            env_config_file and os.path.exists(env_config_file)
+        )
+        if should_load_user_config:
+            # The legacy config file is overridden by the new config file
+            yield kinds.USER, config_files[kinds.USER]
+
+        # virtualenv config
+        yield kinds.SITE, config_files[kinds.SITE]
+
+        if env_config_file is not None:
+            yield kinds.ENV, [env_config_file]
+        else:
+            yield kinds.ENV, []
+
+    def get_values_in_config(self, variant: Kind) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get values present in a config file"""
+        return self._config[variant]
+
+    def _get_parser_to_modify(self) -> Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]:
+        # Determine which parser to modify
+        assert self.load_only
+        parsers = self._parsers[self.load_only]
+        if not parsers:
+            # This should not happen if everything works correctly.
+            raise ConfigurationError(
+                "Fatal Internal error [id=2]. Please report as a bug."
+            )
+
+        # Use the highest priority parser.
+        return parsers[-1]
+
+    # XXX: This is patched in the tests.
+    def _mark_as_modified(self, fname: str, parser: RawConfigParser) -> None:
+        file_parser_tuple = (fname, parser)
+        if file_parser_tuple not in self._modified_parsers:
+            self._modified_parsers.append(file_parser_tuple)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._dictionary!r})"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a89a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.distributions.sdist import SourceDistribution
+from pip._internal.distributions.wheel import WheelDistribution
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+
+def make_distribution_for_install_requirement(
+    install_req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> AbstractDistribution:
+    """Returns a Distribution for the given InstallRequirement"""
+    # Editable requirements will always be source distributions. They use the
+    # legacy logic until we create a modern standard for them.
+    if install_req.editable:
+        return SourceDistribution(install_req)
+
+    # If it's a wheel, it's a WheelDistribution
+    if install_req.is_wheel:
+        return WheelDistribution(install_req)
+
+    # Otherwise, a SourceDistribution
+    return SourceDistribution(install_req)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb0d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import abc
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
+
+
+class AbstractDistribution(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    """A base class for handling installable artifacts.
+
+    The requirements for anything installable are as follows:
+
+     - we must be able to determine the requirement name
+       (or we can't correctly handle the non-upgrade case).
+
+     - for packages with setup requirements, we must also be able
+       to determine their requirements without installing additional
+       packages (for the same reason as run-time dependencies)
+
+     - we must be able to create a Distribution object exposing the
+       above metadata.
+
+     - if we need to do work in the build tracker, we must be able to generate a unique
+       string to identify the requirement in the build tracker.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.req = req
+
+    @abc.abstractproperty
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """A string that uniquely identifies this requirement to the build tracker.
+
+        If None, then this dist has no work to do in the build tracker, and
+        ``.prepare_distribution_metadata()`` will not be called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab8d53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+
+
+class InstalledDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents an installed package.
+
+    This does not need any preparation as the required information has already
+    been computed.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        assert self.req.satisfied_by is not None, "not actually installed"
+        return self.req.satisfied_by
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15ff42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import logging
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SourceDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents a source distribution.
+
+    The preparation step for these needs metadata for the packages to be
+    generated, either using PEP 517 or using the legacy `setup.py egg_info`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Identify this requirement uniquely by its link."""
+        assert self.req.link
+        return self.req.link.url_without_fragment
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        return self.req.get_dist()
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Load pyproject.toml, to determine whether PEP 517 is to be used
+        self.req.load_pyproject_toml()
+
+        # Set up the build isolation, if this requirement should be isolated
+        should_isolate = self.req.use_pep517 and build_isolation
+        if should_isolate:
+            # Setup an isolated environment and install the build backend static
+            # requirements in it.
+            self._prepare_build_backend(finder)
+            # Check that if the requirement is editable, it either supports PEP 660 or
+            # has a setup.py or a setup.cfg. This cannot be done earlier because we need
+            # to setup the build backend to verify it supports build_editable, nor can
+            # it be done later, because we want to avoid installing build requirements
+            # needlessly. Doing it here also works around setuptools generating
+            # UNKNOWN.egg-info when running get_requires_for_build_wheel on a directory
+            # without setup.py nor setup.cfg.
+            self.req.isolated_editable_sanity_check()
+            # Install the dynamic build requirements.
+            self._install_build_reqs(finder)
+        # Check if the current environment provides build dependencies
+        should_check_deps = self.req.use_pep517 and check_build_deps
+        if should_check_deps:
+            pyproject_requires = self.req.pyproject_requires
+            assert pyproject_requires is not None
+            conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(
+                pyproject_requires
+            )
+            if conflicting:
+                self._raise_conflicts("the backend dependencies", conflicting)
+            if missing:
+                self._raise_missing_reqs(missing)
+        self.req.prepare_metadata()
+
+    def _prepare_build_backend(self, finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        # Isolate in a BuildEnvironment and install the build-time
+        # requirements.
+        pyproject_requires = self.req.pyproject_requires
+        assert pyproject_requires is not None
+
+        self.req.build_env = BuildEnvironment()
+        self.req.build_env.install_requirements(
+            finder, pyproject_requires, "overlay", kind="build dependencies"
+        )
+        conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(
+            self.req.requirements_to_check
+        )
+        if conflicting:
+            self._raise_conflicts("PEP 517/518 supported requirements", conflicting)
+        if missing:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Missing build requirements in pyproject.toml for %s.",
+                self.req,
+            )
+            logger.warning(
+                "The project does not specify a build backend, and "
+                "pip cannot fall back to setuptools without %s.",
+                " and ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing))),
+            )
+
+    def _get_build_requires_wheel(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        with self.req.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message("Getting requirements to build wheel")
+            backend = self.req.pep517_backend
+            assert backend is not None
+            with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel()
+
+    def _get_build_requires_editable(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        with self.req.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+                "Getting requirements to build editable"
+            )
+            backend = self.req.pep517_backend
+            assert backend is not None
+            with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return backend.get_requires_for_build_editable()
+
+    def _install_build_reqs(self, finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        # Install any extra build dependencies that the backend requests.
+        # This must be done in a second pass, as the pyproject.toml
+        # dependencies must be installed before we can call the backend.
+        if (
+            self.req.editable
+            and self.req.permit_editable_wheels
+            and self.req.supports_pyproject_editable()
+        ):
+            build_reqs = self._get_build_requires_editable()
+        else:
+            build_reqs = self._get_build_requires_wheel()
+        conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(build_reqs)
+        if conflicting:
+            self._raise_conflicts("the backend dependencies", conflicting)
+        self.req.build_env.install_requirements(
+            finder, missing, "normal", kind="backend dependencies"
+        )
+
+    def _raise_conflicts(
+        self, conflicting_with: str, conflicting_reqs: Set[Tuple[str, str]]
+    ) -> None:
+        format_string = (
+            "Some build dependencies for {requirement} "
+            "conflict with {conflicting_with}: {description}."
+        )
+        error_message = format_string.format(
+            requirement=self.req,
+            conflicting_with=conflicting_with,
+            description=", ".join(
+                f"{installed} is incompatible with {wanted}"
+                for installed, wanted in sorted(conflicting_reqs)
+            ),
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(error_message)
+
+    def _raise_missing_reqs(self, missing: Set[str]) -> None:
+        format_string = (
+            "Some build dependencies for {requirement} are missing: {missing}."
+        )
+        error_message = format_string.format(
+            requirement=self.req, missing=", ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing)))
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(error_message)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb16e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    FilesystemWheel,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+
+
+class WheelDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents a wheel distribution.
+
+    This does not need any preparation as wheels can be directly unpacked.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Loads the metadata from the wheel file into memory and returns a
+        Distribution that uses it, not relying on the wheel file or
+        requirement.
+        """
+        assert self.req.local_file_path, "Set as part of preparation during download"
+        assert self.req.name, "Wheels are never unnamed"
+        wheel = FilesystemWheel(self.req.local_file_path)
+        return get_wheel_distribution(wheel, canonicalize_name(self.req.name))
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5007a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+"""Exceptions used throughout package.
+
+This module MUST NOT try to import from anything within `pip._internal` to
+operate. This is expected to be importable from any/all files within the
+subpackage and, thus, should not depend on them.
+"""
+
+import configparser
+import contextlib
+import locale
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+from itertools import chain, groupby, repeat
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+    from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+#
+# Scaffolding
+#
+def _is_kebab_case(s: str) -> bool:
+    return re.match(r"^[a-z]+(-[a-z]+)*$", s) is not None
+
+
+def _prefix_with_indent(
+    s: Union[Text, str],
+    console: Console,
+    *,
+    prefix: str,
+    indent: str,
+) -> Text:
+    if isinstance(s, Text):
+        text = s
+    else:
+        text = console.render_str(s)
+
+    return console.render_str(prefix, overflow="ignore") + console.render_str(
+        f"\n{indent}", overflow="ignore"
+    ).join(text.split(allow_blank=True))
+
+
+class PipError(Exception):
+    """The base pip error."""
+
+
+class DiagnosticPipError(PipError):
+    """An error, that presents diagnostic information to the user.
+
+    This contains a bunch of logic, to enable pretty presentation of our error
+    messages. Each error gets a unique reference. Each error can also include
+    additional context, a hint and/or a note -- which are presented with the
+    main error message in a consistent style.
+
+    This is adapted from the error output styling in `sphinx-theme-builder`.
+    """
+
+    reference: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        kind: 'Literal["error", "warning"]' = "error",
+        reference: Optional[str] = None,
+        message: Union[str, Text],
+        context: Optional[Union[str, Text]],
+        hint_stmt: Optional[Union[str, Text]],
+        note_stmt: Optional[Union[str, Text]] = None,
+        link: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Ensure a proper reference is provided.
+        if reference is None:
+            assert hasattr(self, "reference"), "error reference not provided!"
+            reference = self.reference
+        assert _is_kebab_case(reference), "error reference must be kebab-case!"
+
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.reference = reference
+
+        self.message = message
+        self.context = context
+
+        self.note_stmt = note_stmt
+        self.hint_stmt = hint_stmt
+
+        self.link = link
+
+        super().__init__(f"<{self.__class__.__name__}: {self.reference}>")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__}("
+            f"reference={self.reference!r}, "
+            f"message={self.message!r}, "
+            f"context={self.context!r}, "
+            f"note_stmt={self.note_stmt!r}, "
+            f"hint_stmt={self.hint_stmt!r}"
+            ")>"
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self,
+        console: Console,
+        options: ConsoleOptions,
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        colour = "red" if self.kind == "error" else "yellow"
+
+        yield f"[{colour} bold]{self.kind}[/]: [bold]{self.reference}[/]"
+        yield ""
+
+        if not options.ascii_only:
+            # Present the main message, with relevant context indented.
+            if self.context is not None:
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.message,
+                    console,
+                    prefix=f"[{colour}]×[/] ",
+                    indent=f"[{colour}]│[/] ",
+                )
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.context,
+                    console,
+                    prefix=f"[{colour}]╰─>[/] ",
+                    indent=f"[{colour}]   [/] ",
+                )
+            else:
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.message,
+                    console,
+                    prefix="[red]×[/] ",
+                    indent="  ",
+                )
+        else:
+            yield self.message
+            if self.context is not None:
+                yield ""
+                yield self.context
+
+        if self.note_stmt is not None or self.hint_stmt is not None:
+            yield ""
+
+        if self.note_stmt is not None:
+            yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                self.note_stmt,
+                console,
+                prefix="[magenta bold]note[/]: ",
+                indent="      ",
+            )
+        if self.hint_stmt is not None:
+            yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                self.hint_stmt,
+                console,
+                prefix="[cyan bold]hint[/]: ",
+                indent="      ",
+            )
+
+        if self.link is not None:
+            yield ""
+            yield f"Link: {self.link}"
+
+
+#
+# Actual Errors
+#
+class ConfigurationError(PipError):
+    """General exception in configuration"""
+
+
+class InstallationError(PipError):
+    """General exception during installation"""
+
+
+class UninstallationError(PipError):
+    """General exception during uninstallation"""
+
+
+class MissingPyProjectBuildRequires(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """Raised when pyproject.toml has `build-system`, but no `build-system.requires`."""
+
+    reference = "missing-pyproject-build-system-requires"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, package: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=f"Can not process {escape(package)}",
+            context=Text(
+                "This package has an invalid pyproject.toml file.\n"
+                "The [build-system] table is missing the mandatory `requires` key."
+            ),
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 518 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """Raised when pyproject.toml an invalid `build-system.requires`."""
+
+    reference = "invalid-pyproject-build-system-requires"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, package: str, reason: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=f"Can not process {escape(package)}",
+            context=Text(
+                "This package has an invalid `build-system.requires` key in "
+                f"pyproject.toml.\n{reason}"
+            ),
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 518 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+
+class NoneMetadataError(PipError):
+    """Raised when accessing a Distribution's "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO".
+
+    This signifies an inconsistency, when the Distribution claims to have
+    the metadata file (if not, raise ``FileNotFoundError`` instead), but is
+    not actually able to produce its content. This may be due to permission
+    errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: "BaseDistribution",
+        metadata_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param dist: A Distribution object.
+        :param metadata_name: The name of the metadata being accessed
+            (can be "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO").
+        """
+        self.dist = dist
+        self.metadata_name = metadata_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # Use `dist` in the error message because its stringification
+        # includes more information, like the version and location.
+        return f"None {self.metadata_name} metadata found for distribution: {self.dist}"
+
+
+class UserInstallationInvalid(InstallationError):
+    """A --user install is requested on an environment without user site."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "User base directory is not specified"
+
+
+class InvalidSchemeCombination(InstallationError):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        before = ", ".join(str(a) for a in self.args[:-1])
+        return f"Cannot set {before} and {self.args[-1]} together"
+
+
+class DistributionNotFound(InstallationError):
+    """Raised when a distribution cannot be found to satisfy a requirement"""
+
+
+class RequirementsFileParseError(InstallationError):
+    """Raised when a general error occurs parsing a requirements file line."""
+
+
+class BestVersionAlreadyInstalled(PipError):
+    """Raised when the most up-to-date version of a package is already
+    installed."""
+
+
+class BadCommand(PipError):
+    """Raised when virtualenv or a command is not found"""
+
+
+class CommandError(PipError):
+    """Raised when there is an error in command-line arguments"""
+
+
+class PreviousBuildDirError(PipError):
+    """Raised when there's a previous conflicting build directory"""
+
+
+class NetworkConnectionError(PipError):
+    """HTTP connection error"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_msg: str,
+        response: Optional[Response] = None,
+        request: Optional[Request] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Initialize NetworkConnectionError with  `request` and `response`
+        objects.
+        """
+        self.response = response
+        self.request = request
+        self.error_msg = error_msg
+        if (
+            self.response is not None
+            and not self.request
+            and hasattr(response, "request")
+        ):
+            self.request = self.response.request
+        super().__init__(error_msg, response, request)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.error_msg)
+
+
+class InvalidWheelFilename(InstallationError):
+    """Invalid wheel filename."""
+
+
+class UnsupportedWheel(InstallationError):
+    """Unsupported wheel."""
+
+
+class InvalidWheel(InstallationError):
+    """Invalid (e.g. corrupt) wheel."""
+
+    def __init__(self, location: str, name: str):
+        self.location = location
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Wheel '{self.name}' located at {self.location} is invalid."
+
+
+class MetadataInconsistent(InstallationError):
+    """Built metadata contains inconsistent information.
+
+    This is raised when the metadata contains values (e.g. name and version)
+    that do not match the information previously obtained from sdist filename,
+    user-supplied ``#egg=`` value, or an install requirement name.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, ireq: "InstallRequirement", field: str, f_val: str, m_val: str
+    ) -> None:
+        self.ireq = ireq
+        self.field = field
+        self.f_val = f_val
+        self.m_val = m_val
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Requested {self.ireq} has inconsistent {self.field}: "
+            f"expected {self.f_val!r}, but metadata has {self.m_val!r}"
+        )
+
+
+class InstallationSubprocessError(DiagnosticPipError, InstallationError):
+    """A subprocess call failed."""
+
+    reference = "subprocess-exited-with-error"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        command_description: str,
+        exit_code: int,
+        output_lines: Optional[List[str]],
+    ) -> None:
+        if output_lines is None:
+            output_prompt = Text("See above for output.")
+        else:
+            output_prompt = (
+                Text.from_markup(f"[red][{len(output_lines)} lines of output][/]\n")
+                + Text("".join(output_lines))
+                + Text.from_markup(R"[red]\[end of output][/]")
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            message=(
+                f"[green]{escape(command_description)}[/] did not run successfully.\n"
+                f"exit code: {exit_code}"
+            ),
+            context=output_prompt,
+            hint_stmt=None,
+            note_stmt=(
+                "This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a "
+                "problem with pip."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.command_description = command_description
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.command_description} exited with {self.exit_code}"
+
+
+class MetadataGenerationFailed(InstallationSubprocessError, InstallationError):
+    reference = "metadata-generation-failed"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        package_details: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        super(InstallationSubprocessError, self).__init__(
+            message="Encountered error while generating package metadata.",
+            context=escape(package_details),
+            hint_stmt="See above for details.",
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "metadata generation failed"
+
+
+class HashErrors(InstallationError):
+    """Multiple HashError instances rolled into one for reporting"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.errors: List["HashError"] = []
+
+    def append(self, error: "HashError") -> None:
+        self.errors.append(error)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        lines = []
+        self.errors.sort(key=lambda e: e.order)
+        for cls, errors_of_cls in groupby(self.errors, lambda e: e.__class__):
+            lines.append(cls.head)
+            lines.extend(e.body() for e in errors_of_cls)
+        if lines:
+            return "\n".join(lines)
+        return ""
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.errors)
+
+
+class HashError(InstallationError):
+    """
+    A failure to verify a package against known-good hashes
+
+    :cvar order: An int sorting hash exception classes by difficulty of
+        recovery (lower being harder), so the user doesn't bother fretting
+        about unpinned packages when he has deeper issues, like VCS
+        dependencies, to deal with. Also keeps error reports in a
+        deterministic order.
+    :cvar head: A section heading for display above potentially many
+        exceptions of this kind
+    :ivar req: The InstallRequirement that triggered this error. This is
+        pasted on after the exception is instantiated, because it's not
+        typically available earlier.
+
+    """
+
+    req: Optional["InstallRequirement"] = None
+    head = ""
+    order: int = -1
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        """Return a summary of me for display under the heading.
+
+        This default implementation simply prints a description of the
+        triggering requirement.
+
+        :param req: The InstallRequirement that provoked this error, with
+            its link already populated by the resolver's _populate_link().
+
+        """
+        return f"    {self._requirement_name()}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.head}\n{self.body()}"
+
+    def _requirement_name(self) -> str:
+        """Return a description of the requirement that triggered me.
+
+        This default implementation returns long description of the req, with
+        line numbers
+
+        """
+        return str(self.req) if self.req else "unknown package"
+
+
+class VcsHashUnsupported(HashError):
+    """A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
+    we don't have a method for hashing those."""
+
+    order = 0
+    head = (
+        "Can't verify hashes for these requirements because we don't "
+        "have a way to hash version control repositories:"
+    )
+
+
+class DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported(HashError):
+    """A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
+    we don't have a method for hashing those."""
+
+    order = 1
+    head = (
+        "Can't verify hashes for these file:// requirements because they "
+        "point to directories:"
+    )
+
+
+class HashMissing(HashError):
+    """A hash was needed for a requirement but is absent."""
+
+    order = 2
+    head = (
+        "Hashes are required in --require-hashes mode, but they are "
+        "missing from some requirements. Here is a list of those "
+        "requirements along with the hashes their downloaded archives "
+        "actually had. Add lines like these to your requirements files to "
+        "prevent tampering. (If you did not enable --require-hashes "
+        "manually, note that it turns on automatically when any package "
+        "has a hash.)"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, gotten_hash: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :param gotten_hash: The hash of the (possibly malicious) archive we
+            just downloaded
+        """
+        self.gotten_hash = gotten_hash
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        # Dodge circular import.
+        from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH
+
+        package = None
+        if self.req:
+            # In the case of URL-based requirements, display the original URL
+            # seen in the requirements file rather than the package name,
+            # so the output can be directly copied into the requirements file.
+            package = (
+                self.req.original_link
+                if self.req.is_direct
+                # In case someone feeds something downright stupid
+                # to InstallRequirement's constructor.
+                else getattr(self.req, "req", None)
+            )
+        return "    {} --hash={}:{}".format(
+            package or "unknown package", FAVORITE_HASH, self.gotten_hash
+        )
+
+
+class HashUnpinned(HashError):
+    """A requirement had a hash specified but was not pinned to a specific
+    version."""
+
+    order = 3
+    head = (
+        "In --require-hashes mode, all requirements must have their "
+        "versions pinned with ==. These do not:"
+    )
+
+
+class HashMismatch(HashError):
+    """
+    Distribution file hash values don't match.
+
+    :ivar package_name: The name of the package that triggered the hash
+        mismatch. Feel free to write to this after the exception is raise to
+        improve its error message.
+
+    """
+
+    order = 4
+    head = (
+        "THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS "
+        "FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update "
+        "the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; "
+        "someone may have tampered with them."
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, allowed: Dict[str, List[str]], gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param allowed: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
+            hex digests
+        :param gots: A dict of algorithm names pointing to hashes we
+            actually got from the files under suspicion
+        """
+        self.allowed = allowed
+        self.gots = gots
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        return f"    {self._requirement_name()}:\n{self._hash_comparison()}"
+
+    def _hash_comparison(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a comparison of actual and expected hash values.
+
+        Example::
+
+               Expected sha256 abcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcde
+                            or 123451234512345123451234512345123451234512345
+                    Got        bcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdef
+
+        """
+
+        def hash_then_or(hash_name: str) -> "chain[str]":
+            # For now, all the decent hashes have 6-char names, so we can get
+            # away with hard-coding space literals.
+            return chain([hash_name], repeat("    or"))
+
+        lines: List[str] = []
+        for hash_name, expecteds in self.allowed.items():
+            prefix = hash_then_or(hash_name)
+            lines.extend((f"        Expected {next(prefix)} {e}") for e in expecteds)
+            lines.append(
+                f"             Got        {self.gots[hash_name].hexdigest()}\n"
+            )
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+class UnsupportedPythonVersion(InstallationError):
+    """Unsupported python version according to Requires-Python package
+    metadata."""
+
+
+class ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(ConfigurationError):
+    """When there are errors while loading a configuration file"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        reason: str = "could not be loaded",
+        fname: Optional[str] = None,
+        error: Optional[configparser.Error] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(error)
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.fname = fname
+        self.error = error
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.fname is not None:
+            message_part = f" in {self.fname}."
+        else:
+            assert self.error is not None
+            message_part = f".\n{self.error}\n"
+        return f"Configuration file {self.reason}{message_part}"
+
+
+_DEFAULT_EXTERNALLY_MANAGED_ERROR = f"""\
+The Python environment under {sys.prefix} is managed externally, and may not be
+manipulated by the user. Please use specific tooling from the distributor of
+the Python installation to interact with this environment instead.
+"""
+
+
+class ExternallyManagedEnvironment(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """The current environment is externally managed.
+
+    This is raised when the current environment is externally managed, as
+    defined by `PEP 668`_. The ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED`` configuration is checked
+    and displayed when the error is bubbled up to the user.
+
+    :param error: The error message read from ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED``.
+    """
+
+    reference = "externally-managed-environment"
+
+    def __init__(self, error: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if error is None:
+            context = Text(_DEFAULT_EXTERNALLY_MANAGED_ERROR)
+        else:
+            context = Text(error)
+        super().__init__(
+            message="This environment is externally managed",
+            context=context,
+            note_stmt=(
+                "If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your "
+                "Python installation or OS distribution provider. "
+                "You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python "
+                "installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages."
+            ),
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 668 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _iter_externally_managed_error_keys() -> Iterator[str]:
+        # LC_MESSAGES is in POSIX, but not the C standard. The most common
+        # platform that does not implement this category is Windows, where
+        # using other categories for console message localization is equally
+        # unreliable, so we fall back to the locale-less vendor message. This
+        # can always be re-evaluated when a vendor proposes a new alternative.
+        try:
+            category = locale.LC_MESSAGES
+        except AttributeError:
+            lang: Optional[str] = None
+        else:
+            lang, _ = locale.getlocale(category)
+        if lang is not None:
+            yield f"Error-{lang}"
+            for sep in ("-", "_"):
+                before, found, _ = lang.partition(sep)
+                if not found:
+                    continue
+                yield f"Error-{before}"
+        yield "Error"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(
+        cls,
+        config: Union[pathlib.Path, str],
+    ) -> "ExternallyManagedEnvironment":
+        parser = configparser.ConfigParser(interpolation=None)
+        try:
+            parser.read(config, encoding="utf-8")
+            section = parser["externally-managed"]
+            for key in cls._iter_externally_managed_error_keys():
+                with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+                    return cls(section[key])
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, configparser.ParsingError):
+            from pip._internal.utils._log import VERBOSE
+
+            exc_info = logger.isEnabledFor(VERBOSE)
+            logger.warning("Failed to read %s", config, exc_info=exc_info)
+        return cls(None)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py
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index 0000000..7a17b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Index interaction code
+"""
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__pycache__/sources.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__pycache__/sources.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c8bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+"""
+The main purpose of this module is to expose LinkCollector.collect_sources().
+"""
+
+import collections
+import email.message
+import functools
+import itertools
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from html.parser import HTMLParser
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    MutableMapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import requests
+from pip._vendor.requests import Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.exceptions import RetryError, SSLError
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import is_archive_file
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import redact_auth_from_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+from .sources import CandidatesFromPage, LinkSource, build_source
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ResponseHeaders = MutableMapping[str, str]
+
+
+def _match_vcs_scheme(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Look for VCS schemes in the URL.
+
+    Returns the matched VCS scheme, or None if there's no match.
+    """
+    for scheme in vcs.schemes:
+        if url.lower().startswith(scheme) and url[len(scheme)] in "+:":
+            return scheme
+    return None
+
+
+class _NotAPIContent(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, content_type: str, request_desc: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content_type, request_desc)
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.request_desc = request_desc
+
+
+def _ensure_api_header(response: Response) -> None:
+    """
+    Check the Content-Type header to ensure the response contains a Simple
+    API Response.
+
+    Raises `_NotAPIContent` if the content type is not a valid content-type.
+    """
+    content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "Unknown")
+
+    content_type_l = content_type.lower()
+    if content_type_l.startswith(
+        (
+            "text/html",
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html",
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json",
+        )
+    ):
+        return
+
+    raise _NotAPIContent(content_type, response.request.method)
+
+
+class _NotHTTP(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _ensure_api_response(url: str, session: PipSession) -> None:
+    """
+    Send a HEAD request to the URL, and ensure the response contains a simple
+    API Response.
+
+    Raises `_NotHTTP` if the URL is not available for a HEAD request, or
+    `_NotAPIContent` if the content type is not a valid content type.
+    """
+    scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+    if scheme not in {"http", "https"}:
+        raise _NotHTTP()
+
+    resp = session.head(url, allow_redirects=True)
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+
+    _ensure_api_header(resp)
+
+
+def _get_simple_response(url: str, session: PipSession) -> Response:
+    """Access an Simple API response with GET, and return the response.
+
+    This consists of three parts:
+
+    1. If the URL looks suspiciously like an archive, send a HEAD first to
+       check the Content-Type is HTML or Simple API, to avoid downloading a
+       large file. Raise `_NotHTTP` if the content type cannot be determined, or
+       `_NotAPIContent` if it is not HTML or a Simple API.
+    2. Actually perform the request. Raise HTTP exceptions on network failures.
+    3. Check the Content-Type header to make sure we got a Simple API response,
+       and raise `_NotAPIContent` otherwise.
+    """
+    if is_archive_file(Link(url).filename):
+        _ensure_api_response(url, session=session)
+
+    logger.debug("Getting page %s", redact_auth_from_url(url))
+
+    resp = session.get(
+        url,
+        headers={
+            "Accept": ", ".join(
+                [
+                    "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json",
+                    "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html; q=0.1",
+                    "text/html; q=0.01",
+                ]
+            ),
+            # We don't want to blindly returned cached data for
+            # /simple/, because authors generally expecting that
+            # twine upload && pip install will function, but if
+            # they've done a pip install in the last ~10 minutes
+            # it won't. Thus by setting this to zero we will not
+            # blindly use any cached data, however the benefit of
+            # using max-age=0 instead of no-cache, is that we will
+            # still support conditional requests, so we will still
+            # minimize traffic sent in cases where the page hasn't
+            # changed at all, we will just always incur the round
+            # trip for the conditional GET now instead of only
+            # once per 10 minutes.
+            # For more information, please see pypa/pip#5670.
+            "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
+        },
+    )
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+
+    # The check for archives above only works if the url ends with
+    # something that looks like an archive. However that is not a
+    # requirement of an url. Unless we issue a HEAD request on every
+    # url we cannot know ahead of time for sure if something is a
+    # Simple API response or not. However we can check after we've
+    # downloaded it.
+    _ensure_api_header(resp)
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Fetched page %s as %s",
+        redact_auth_from_url(url),
+        resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "Unknown"),
+    )
+
+    return resp
+
+
+def _get_encoding_from_headers(headers: ResponseHeaders) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Determine if we have any encoding information in our headers."""
+    if headers and "Content-Type" in headers:
+        m = email.message.Message()
+        m["content-type"] = headers["Content-Type"]
+        charset = m.get_param("charset")
+        if charset:
+            return str(charset)
+    return None
+
+
+class CacheablePageContent:
+    def __init__(self, page: "IndexContent") -> None:
+        assert page.cache_link_parsing
+        self.page = page
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, type(self)) and self.page.url == other.page.url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.page.url)
+
+
+class ParseLinks(Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, page: "IndexContent") -> Iterable[Link]:
+        ...
+
+
+def with_cached_index_content(fn: ParseLinks) -> ParseLinks:
+    """
+    Given a function that parses an Iterable[Link] from an IndexContent, cache the
+    function's result (keyed by CacheablePageContent), unless the IndexContent
+    `page` has `page.cache_link_parsing == False`.
+    """
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def wrapper(cacheable_page: CacheablePageContent) -> List[Link]:
+        return list(fn(cacheable_page.page))
+
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapper_wrapper(page: "IndexContent") -> List[Link]:
+        if page.cache_link_parsing:
+            return wrapper(CacheablePageContent(page))
+        return list(fn(page))
+
+    return wrapper_wrapper
+
+
+@with_cached_index_content
+def parse_links(page: "IndexContent") -> Iterable[Link]:
+    """
+    Parse a Simple API's Index Content, and yield its anchor elements as Link objects.
+    """
+
+    content_type_l = page.content_type.lower()
+    if content_type_l.startswith("application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json"):
+        data = json.loads(page.content)
+        for file in data.get("files", []):
+            link = Link.from_json(file, page.url)
+            if link is None:
+                continue
+            yield link
+        return
+
+    parser = HTMLLinkParser(page.url)
+    encoding = page.encoding or "utf-8"
+    parser.feed(page.content.decode(encoding))
+
+    url = page.url
+    base_url = parser.base_url or url
+    for anchor in parser.anchors:
+        link = Link.from_element(anchor, page_url=url, base_url=base_url)
+        if link is None:
+            continue
+        yield link
+
+
+class IndexContent:
+    """Represents one response (or page), along with its URL"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: bytes,
+        content_type: str,
+        encoding: Optional[str],
+        url: str,
+        cache_link_parsing: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param encoding: the encoding to decode the given content.
+        :param url: the URL from which the HTML was downloaded.
+        :param cache_link_parsing: whether links parsed from this page's url
+                                   should be cached. PyPI index urls should
+                                   have this set to False, for example.
+        """
+        self.content = content
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.url = url
+        self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return redact_auth_from_url(self.url)
+
+
+class HTMLLinkParser(HTMLParser):
+    """
+    HTMLParser that keeps the first base HREF and a list of all anchor
+    elements' attributes.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(convert_charrefs=True)
+
+        self.url: str = url
+        self.base_url: Optional[str] = None
+        self.anchors: List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = []
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]) -> None:
+        if tag == "base" and self.base_url is None:
+            href = self.get_href(attrs)
+            if href is not None:
+                self.base_url = href
+        elif tag == "a":
+            self.anchors.append(dict(attrs))
+
+    def get_href(self, attrs: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]) -> Optional[str]:
+        for name, value in attrs:
+            if name == "href":
+                return value
+        return None
+
+
+def _handle_get_simple_fail(
+    link: Link,
+    reason: Union[str, Exception],
+    meth: Optional[Callable[..., None]] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if meth is None:
+        meth = logger.debug
+    meth("Could not fetch URL %s: %s - skipping", link, reason)
+
+
+def _make_index_content(
+    response: Response, cache_link_parsing: bool = True
+) -> IndexContent:
+    encoding = _get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
+    return IndexContent(
+        response.content,
+        response.headers["Content-Type"],
+        encoding=encoding,
+        url=response.url,
+        cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing,
+    )
+
+
+def _get_index_content(link: Link, *, session: PipSession) -> Optional["IndexContent"]:
+    url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+
+    # Check for VCS schemes that do not support lookup as web pages.
+    vcs_scheme = _match_vcs_scheme(url)
+    if vcs_scheme:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot look at %s URL %s because it does not support lookup as web pages.",
+            vcs_scheme,
+            link,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Tack index.html onto file:// URLs that point to directories
+    scheme, _, path, _, _, _ = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    if scheme == "file" and os.path.isdir(urllib.request.url2pathname(path)):
+        # add trailing slash if not present so urljoin doesn't trim
+        # final segment
+        if not url.endswith("/"):
+            url += "/"
+        # TODO: In the future, it would be nice if pip supported PEP 691
+        #       style responses in the file:// URLs, however there's no
+        #       standard file extension for application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json
+        #       so we'll need to come up with something on our own.
+        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, "index.html")
+        logger.debug(" file: URL is directory, getting %s", url)
+
+    try:
+        resp = _get_simple_response(url, session=session)
+    except _NotHTTP:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping page %s because it looks like an archive, and cannot "
+            "be checked by a HTTP HEAD request.",
+            link,
+        )
+    except _NotAPIContent as exc:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping page %s because the %s request got Content-Type: %s. "
+            "The only supported Content-Types are application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json, "
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html, and text/html",
+            link,
+            exc.request_desc,
+            exc.content_type,
+        )
+    except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, exc)
+    except RetryError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, exc)
+    except SSLError as exc:
+        reason = "There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: "
+        reason += str(exc)
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, reason, meth=logger.info)
+    except requests.ConnectionError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, f"connection error: {exc}")
+    except requests.Timeout:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, "timed out")
+    else:
+        return _make_index_content(resp, cache_link_parsing=link.cache_link_parsing)
+    return None
+
+
+class CollectedSources(NamedTuple):
+    find_links: Sequence[Optional[LinkSource]]
+    index_urls: Sequence[Optional[LinkSource]]
+
+
+class LinkCollector:
+
+    """
+    Responsible for collecting Link objects from all configured locations,
+    making network requests as needed.
+
+    The class's main method is its collect_sources() method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        search_scope: SearchScope,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.search_scope = search_scope
+        self.session = session
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        session: PipSession,
+        options: Values,
+        suppress_no_index: bool = False,
+    ) -> "LinkCollector":
+        """
+        :param session: The Session to use to make requests.
+        :param suppress_no_index: Whether to ignore the --no-index option
+            when constructing the SearchScope object.
+        """
+        index_urls = [options.index_url] + options.extra_index_urls
+        if options.no_index and not suppress_no_index:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ignoring indexes: %s",
+                ",".join(redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in index_urls),
+            )
+            index_urls = []
+
+        # Make sure find_links is a list before passing to create().
+        find_links = options.find_links or []
+
+        search_scope = SearchScope.create(
+            find_links=find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=options.no_index,
+        )
+        link_collector = LinkCollector(
+            session=session,
+            search_scope=search_scope,
+        )
+        return link_collector
+
+    @property
+    def find_links(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.search_scope.find_links
+
+    def fetch_response(self, location: Link) -> Optional[IndexContent]:
+        """
+        Fetch an HTML page containing package links.
+        """
+        return _get_index_content(location, session=self.session)
+
+    def collect_sources(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+    ) -> CollectedSources:
+        # The OrderedDict calls deduplicate sources by URL.
+        index_url_sources = collections.OrderedDict(
+            build_source(
+                loc,
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                page_validator=self.session.is_secure_origin,
+                expand_dir=False,
+                cache_link_parsing=False,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+            for loc in self.search_scope.get_index_urls_locations(project_name)
+        ).values()
+        find_links_sources = collections.OrderedDict(
+            build_source(
+                loc,
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                page_validator=self.session.is_secure_origin,
+                expand_dir=True,
+                cache_link_parsing=True,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+            for loc in self.find_links
+        ).values()
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            lines = [
+                f"* {s.link}"
+                for s in itertools.chain(find_links_sources, index_url_sources)
+                if s is not None and s.link is not None
+            ]
+            lines = [
+                f"{len(lines)} location(s) to search "
+                f"for versions of {project_name}:"
+            ] + lines
+            logger.debug("\n".join(lines))
+
+        return CollectedSources(
+            find_links=list(find_links_sources),
+            index_urls=list(index_url_sources),
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec9ebc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@
+"""Routines related to PyPI, indexes"""
+
+import enum
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, FrozenSet, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import _BaseVersion
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InvalidWheelFilename,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector, parse_links
+from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils._log import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import build_netloc
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+
+__all__ = ["FormatControl", "BestCandidateResult", "PackageFinder"]
+
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
+CandidateSortingKey = Tuple[int, int, int, _BaseVersion, Optional[int], BuildTag]
+
+
+def _check_link_requires_python(
+    link: Link,
+    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the given Python version is compatible with a link's
+    "Requires-Python" value.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check.
+    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
+        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.
+    """
+    try:
+        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
+            link.requires_python,
+            version_info=version_info,
+        )
+    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ignoring invalid Requires-Python (%r) for link: %s",
+            link.requires_python,
+            link,
+        )
+    else:
+        if not is_compatible:
+            version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
+            if not ignore_requires_python:
+                logger.verbose(
+                    "Link requires a different Python (%s not in: %r): %s",
+                    version,
+                    link.requires_python,
+                    link,
+                )
+                return False
+
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check (%s not in: %r) for link: %s",
+                version,
+                link.requires_python,
+                link,
+            )
+
+    return True
+
+
+class LinkType(enum.Enum):
+    candidate = enum.auto()
+    different_project = enum.auto()
+    yanked = enum.auto()
+    format_unsupported = enum.auto()
+    format_invalid = enum.auto()
+    platform_mismatch = enum.auto()
+    requires_python_mismatch = enum.auto()
+
+
+class LinkEvaluator:
+
+    """
+    Responsible for evaluating links for a particular project.
+    """
+
+    _py_version_re = re.compile(r"-py([123]\.?[0-9]?)$")
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        canonical_name: str,
+        formats: FrozenSet[str],
+        target_python: TargetPython,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param project_name: The user supplied package name.
+        :param canonical_name: The canonical package name.
+        :param formats: The formats allowed for this package. Should be a set
+            with 'binary' or 'source' or both in it.
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            evaluating link compatibility. This is used, for example, to
+            check wheel compatibility, as well as when checking the Python
+            version, e.g. the Python version embedded in a link filename
+            (or egg fragment) and against an HTML link's optional PEP 503
+            "data-requires-python" attribute.
+        :param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
+            of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            PEP 503 "data-requires-python" values in HTML links. Defaults
+            to False.
+        """
+        if ignore_requires_python is None:
+            ignore_requires_python = False
+
+        self._allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self._canonical_name = canonical_name
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self._formats = formats
+        self._target_python = target_python
+
+        self.project_name = project_name
+
+    def evaluate_link(self, link: Link) -> Tuple[LinkType, str]:
+        """
+        Determine whether a link is a candidate for installation.
+
+        :return: A tuple (result, detail), where *result* is an enum
+            representing whether the evaluation found a candidate, or the reason
+            why one is not found. If a candidate is found, *detail* will be the
+            candidate's version string; if one is not found, it contains the
+            reason the link fails to qualify.
+        """
+        version = None
+        if link.is_yanked and not self._allow_yanked:
+            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
+            return (LinkType.yanked, f"yanked for reason: {reason}")
+
+        if link.egg_fragment:
+            egg_info = link.egg_fragment
+            ext = link.ext
+        else:
+            egg_info, ext = link.splitext()
+            if not ext:
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, "not a file")
+            if ext not in SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS:
+                return (
+                    LinkType.format_unsupported,
+                    f"unsupported archive format: {ext}",
+                )
+            if "binary" not in self._formats and ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+                reason = f"No binaries permitted for {self.project_name}"
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, reason)
+            if "macosx10" in link.path and ext == ".zip":
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, "macosx10 one")
+            if ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+                try:
+                    wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+                except InvalidWheelFilename:
+                    return (
+                        LinkType.format_invalid,
+                        "invalid wheel filename",
+                    )
+                if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != self._canonical_name:
+                    reason = f"wrong project name (not {self.project_name})"
+                    return (LinkType.different_project, reason)
+
+                supported_tags = self._target_python.get_unsorted_tags()
+                if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
+                    # Include the wheel's tags in the reason string to
+                    # simplify troubleshooting compatibility issues.
+                    file_tags = ", ".join(wheel.get_formatted_file_tags())
+                    reason = (
+                        f"none of the wheel's tags ({file_tags}) are compatible "
+                        f"(run pip debug --verbose to show compatible tags)"
+                    )
+                    return (LinkType.platform_mismatch, reason)
+
+                version = wheel.version
+
+        # This should be up by the self.ok_binary check, but see issue 2700.
+        if "source" not in self._formats and ext != WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+            reason = f"No sources permitted for {self.project_name}"
+            return (LinkType.format_unsupported, reason)
+
+        if not version:
+            version = _extract_version_from_fragment(
+                egg_info,
+                self._canonical_name,
+            )
+        if not version:
+            reason = f"Missing project version for {self.project_name}"
+            return (LinkType.format_invalid, reason)
+
+        match = self._py_version_re.search(version)
+        if match:
+            version = version[: match.start()]
+            py_version = match.group(1)
+            if py_version != self._target_python.py_version:
+                return (
+                    LinkType.platform_mismatch,
+                    "Python version is incorrect",
+                )
+
+        supports_python = _check_link_requires_python(
+            link,
+            version_info=self._target_python.py_version_info,
+            ignore_requires_python=self._ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        if not supports_python:
+            reason = f"{version} Requires-Python {link.requires_python}"
+            return (LinkType.requires_python_mismatch, reason)
+
+        logger.debug("Found link %s, version: %s", link, version)
+
+        return (LinkType.candidate, version)
+
+
+def filter_unallowed_hashes(
+    candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes],
+    project_name: str,
+) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+    """
+    Filter out candidates whose hashes aren't allowed, and return a new
+    list of candidates.
+
+    If at least one candidate has an allowed hash, then all candidates with
+    either an allowed hash or no hash specified are returned.  Otherwise,
+    the given candidates are returned.
+
+    Including the candidates with no hash specified when there is a match
+    allows a warning to be logged if there is a more preferred candidate
+    with no hash specified.  Returning all candidates in the case of no
+    matches lets pip report the hash of the candidate that would otherwise
+    have been installed (e.g. permitting the user to more easily update
+    their requirements file with the desired hash).
+    """
+    if not hashes:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Given no hashes to check %s links for project %r: "
+            "discarding no candidates",
+            len(candidates),
+            project_name,
+        )
+        # Make sure we're not returning back the given value.
+        return list(candidates)
+
+    matches_or_no_digest = []
+    # Collect the non-matches for logging purposes.
+    non_matches = []
+    match_count = 0
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        link = candidate.link
+        if not link.has_hash:
+            pass
+        elif link.is_hash_allowed(hashes=hashes):
+            match_count += 1
+        else:
+            non_matches.append(candidate)
+            continue
+
+        matches_or_no_digest.append(candidate)
+
+    if match_count:
+        filtered = matches_or_no_digest
+    else:
+        # Make sure we're not returning back the given value.
+        filtered = list(candidates)
+
+    if len(filtered) == len(candidates):
+        discard_message = "discarding no candidates"
+    else:
+        discard_message = "discarding {} non-matches:\n  {}".format(
+            len(non_matches),
+            "\n  ".join(str(candidate.link) for candidate in non_matches),
+        )
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Checked %s links for project %r against %s hashes "
+        "(%s matches, %s no digest): %s",
+        len(candidates),
+        project_name,
+        hashes.digest_count,
+        match_count,
+        len(matches_or_no_digest) - match_count,
+        discard_message,
+    )
+
+    return filtered
+
+
+class CandidatePreferences:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates some of the preferences for filtering and sorting
+    InstallationCandidate objects.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param allow_all_prereleases: Whether to allow all pre-releases.
+        """
+        self.allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self.prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+
+
+class BestCandidateResult:
+    """A collection of candidates, returned by `PackageFinder.find_best_candidate`.
+
+    This class is only intended to be instantiated by CandidateEvaluator's
+    `compute_best_candidate()` method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+        applicable_candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+        best_candidate: Optional[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param candidates: A sequence of all available candidates found.
+        :param applicable_candidates: The applicable candidates.
+        :param best_candidate: The most preferred candidate found, or None
+            if no applicable candidates were found.
+        """
+        assert set(applicable_candidates) <= set(candidates)
+
+        if best_candidate is None:
+            assert not applicable_candidates
+        else:
+            assert best_candidate in applicable_candidates
+
+        self._applicable_candidates = applicable_candidates
+        self._candidates = candidates
+
+        self.best_candidate = best_candidate
+
+    def iter_all(self) -> Iterable[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Iterate through all candidates."""
+        return iter(self._candidates)
+
+    def iter_applicable(self) -> Iterable[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Iterate through the applicable candidates."""
+        return iter(self._applicable_candidates)
+
+
+class CandidateEvaluator:
+
+    """
+    Responsible for filtering and sorting candidates for installation based
+    on what tags are valid.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        project_name: str,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> "CandidateEvaluator":
+        """Create a CandidateEvaluator object.
+
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            checking compatibility. If None (the default), a TargetPython
+            object will be constructed from the running Python.
+        :param specifier: An optional object implementing `filter`
+            (e.g. `packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet`) to filter applicable
+            versions.
+        :param hashes: An optional collection of allowed hashes.
+        """
+        if target_python is None:
+            target_python = TargetPython()
+        if specifier is None:
+            specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet()
+
+        supported_tags = target_python.get_sorted_tags()
+
+        return cls(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            prefer_binary=prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=allow_all_prereleases,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+        specifier: specifiers.BaseSpecifier,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param supported_tags: The PEP 425 tags supported by the target
+            Python in order of preference (most preferred first).
+        """
+        self._allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self._hashes = hashes
+        self._prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+        self._project_name = project_name
+        self._specifier = specifier
+        self._supported_tags = supported_tags
+        # Since the index of the tag in the _supported_tags list is used
+        # as a priority, precompute a map from tag to index/priority to be
+        # used in wheel.find_most_preferred_tag.
+        self._wheel_tag_preferences = {
+            tag: idx for idx, tag in enumerate(supported_tags)
+        }
+
+    def get_applicable_candidates(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Return the applicable candidates from a list of candidates.
+        """
+        # Using None infers from the specifier instead.
+        allow_prereleases = self._allow_all_prereleases or None
+        specifier = self._specifier
+        versions = {
+            str(v)
+            for v in specifier.filter(
+                # We turn the version object into a str here because otherwise
+                # when we're debundled but setuptools isn't, Python will see
+                # packaging.version.Version and
+                # pkg_resources._vendor.packaging.version.Version as different
+                # types. This way we'll use a str as a common data interchange
+                # format. If we stop using the pkg_resources provided specifier
+                # and start using our own, we can drop the cast to str().
+                (str(c.version) for c in candidates),
+                prereleases=allow_prereleases,
+            )
+        }
+
+        # Again, converting version to str to deal with debundling.
+        applicable_candidates = [c for c in candidates if str(c.version) in versions]
+
+        filtered_applicable_candidates = filter_unallowed_hashes(
+            candidates=applicable_candidates,
+            hashes=self._hashes,
+            project_name=self._project_name,
+        )
+
+        return sorted(filtered_applicable_candidates, key=self._sort_key)
+
+    def _sort_key(self, candidate: InstallationCandidate) -> CandidateSortingKey:
+        """
+        Function to pass as the `key` argument to a call to sorted() to sort
+        InstallationCandidates by preference.
+
+        Returns a tuple such that tuples sorting as greater using Python's
+        default comparison operator are more preferred.
+
+        The preference is as follows:
+
+        First and foremost, candidates with allowed (matching) hashes are
+        always preferred over candidates without matching hashes. This is
+        because e.g. if the only candidate with an allowed hash is yanked,
+        we still want to use that candidate.
+
+        Second, excepting hash considerations, candidates that have been
+        yanked (in the sense of PEP 592) are always less preferred than
+        candidates that haven't been yanked. Then:
+
+        If not finding wheels, they are sorted by version only.
+        If finding wheels, then the sort order is by version, then:
+          1. existing installs
+          2. wheels ordered via Wheel.support_index_min(self._supported_tags)
+          3. source archives
+        If prefer_binary was set, then all wheels are sorted above sources.
+
+        Note: it was considered to embed this logic into the Link
+              comparison operators, but then different sdist links
+              with the same version, would have to be considered equal
+        """
+        valid_tags = self._supported_tags
+        support_num = len(valid_tags)
+        build_tag: BuildTag = ()
+        binary_preference = 0
+        link = candidate.link
+        if link.is_wheel:
+            # can raise InvalidWheelFilename
+            wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+            try:
+                pri = -(
+                    wheel.find_most_preferred_tag(
+                        valid_tags, self._wheel_tag_preferences
+                    )
+                )
+            except ValueError:
+                raise UnsupportedWheel(
+                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel for this platform. It "
+                    "can't be sorted."
+                )
+            if self._prefer_binary:
+                binary_preference = 1
+            if wheel.build_tag is not None:
+                match = re.match(r"^(\d+)(.*)$", wheel.build_tag)
+                assert match is not None, "guaranteed by filename validation"
+                build_tag_groups = match.groups()
+                build_tag = (int(build_tag_groups[0]), build_tag_groups[1])
+        else:  # sdist
+            pri = -(support_num)
+        has_allowed_hash = int(link.is_hash_allowed(self._hashes))
+        yank_value = -1 * int(link.is_yanked)  # -1 for yanked.
+        return (
+            has_allowed_hash,
+            yank_value,
+            binary_preference,
+            candidate.version,
+            pri,
+            build_tag,
+        )
+
+    def sort_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Return the best candidate per the instance's sort order, or None if
+        no candidate is acceptable.
+        """
+        if not candidates:
+            return None
+        best_candidate = max(candidates, key=self._sort_key)
+        return best_candidate
+
+    def compute_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> BestCandidateResult:
+        """
+        Compute and return a `BestCandidateResult` instance.
+        """
+        applicable_candidates = self.get_applicable_candidates(candidates)
+
+        best_candidate = self.sort_best_candidate(applicable_candidates)
+
+        return BestCandidateResult(
+            candidates,
+            applicable_candidates=applicable_candidates,
+            best_candidate=best_candidate,
+        )
+
+
+class PackageFinder:
+    """This finds packages.
+
+    This is meant to match easy_install's technique for looking for
+    packages, by reading pages and looking for appropriate links.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link_collector: LinkCollector,
+        target_python: TargetPython,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        format_control: Optional[FormatControl] = None,
+        candidate_prefs: Optional[CandidatePreferences] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        This constructor is primarily meant to be used by the create() class
+        method and from tests.
+
+        :param format_control: A FormatControl object, used to control
+            the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
+            the index and links.
+        :param candidate_prefs: Options to use when creating a
+            CandidateEvaluator object.
+        """
+        if candidate_prefs is None:
+            candidate_prefs = CandidatePreferences()
+
+        format_control = format_control or FormatControl(set(), set())
+
+        self._allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self._candidate_prefs = candidate_prefs
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self._link_collector = link_collector
+        self._target_python = target_python
+
+        self.format_control = format_control
+
+        # These are boring links that have already been logged somehow.
+        self._logged_links: Set[Tuple[Link, LinkType, str]] = set()
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        link_collector: LinkCollector,
+        selection_prefs: SelectionPreferences,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+    ) -> "PackageFinder":
+        """Create a PackageFinder.
+
+        :param selection_prefs: The candidate selection preferences, as a
+            SelectionPreferences object.
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            checking compatibility. If None (the default), a TargetPython
+            object will be constructed from the running Python.
+        """
+        if target_python is None:
+            target_python = TargetPython()
+
+        candidate_prefs = CandidatePreferences(
+            prefer_binary=selection_prefs.prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=selection_prefs.allow_all_prereleases,
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            candidate_prefs=candidate_prefs,
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            allow_yanked=selection_prefs.allow_yanked,
+            format_control=selection_prefs.format_control,
+            ignore_requires_python=selection_prefs.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def target_python(self) -> TargetPython:
+        return self._target_python
+
+    @property
+    def search_scope(self) -> SearchScope:
+        return self._link_collector.search_scope
+
+    @search_scope.setter
+    def search_scope(self, search_scope: SearchScope) -> None:
+        self._link_collector.search_scope = search_scope
+
+    @property
+    def find_links(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self._link_collector.find_links
+
+    @property
+    def index_urls(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.search_scope.index_urls
+
+    @property
+    def trusted_hosts(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        for host_port in self._link_collector.session.pip_trusted_origins:
+            yield build_netloc(*host_port)
+
+    @property
+    def allow_all_prereleases(self) -> bool:
+        return self._candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases
+
+    def set_allow_all_prereleases(self) -> None:
+        self._candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases = True
+
+    @property
+    def prefer_binary(self) -> bool:
+        return self._candidate_prefs.prefer_binary
+
+    def set_prefer_binary(self) -> None:
+        self._candidate_prefs.prefer_binary = True
+
+    def requires_python_skipped_reasons(self) -> List[str]:
+        reasons = {
+            detail
+            for _, result, detail in self._logged_links
+            if result == LinkType.requires_python_mismatch
+        }
+        return sorted(reasons)
+
+    def make_link_evaluator(self, project_name: str) -> LinkEvaluator:
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)
+        formats = self.format_control.get_allowed_formats(canonical_name)
+
+        return LinkEvaluator(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            canonical_name=canonical_name,
+            formats=formats,
+            target_python=self._target_python,
+            allow_yanked=self._allow_yanked,
+            ignore_requires_python=self._ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+    def _sort_links(self, links: Iterable[Link]) -> List[Link]:
+        """
+        Returns elements of links in order, non-egg links first, egg links
+        second, while eliminating duplicates
+        """
+        eggs, no_eggs = [], []
+        seen: Set[Link] = set()
+        for link in links:
+            if link not in seen:
+                seen.add(link)
+                if link.egg_fragment:
+                    eggs.append(link)
+                else:
+                    no_eggs.append(link)
+        return no_eggs + eggs
+
+    def _log_skipped_link(self, link: Link, result: LinkType, detail: str) -> None:
+        entry = (link, result, detail)
+        if entry not in self._logged_links:
+            # Put the link at the end so the reason is more visible and because
+            # the link string is usually very long.
+            logger.debug("Skipping link: %s: %s", detail, link)
+            self._logged_links.add(entry)
+
+    def get_install_candidate(
+        self, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator, link: Link
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        If the link is a candidate for install, convert it to an
+        InstallationCandidate and return it. Otherwise, return None.
+        """
+        result, detail = link_evaluator.evaluate_link(link)
+        if result != LinkType.candidate:
+            self._log_skipped_link(link, result, detail)
+            return None
+
+        return InstallationCandidate(
+            name=link_evaluator.project_name,
+            link=link,
+            version=detail,
+        )
+
+    def evaluate_links(
+        self, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator, links: Iterable[Link]
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Convert links that are candidates to InstallationCandidate objects.
+        """
+        candidates = []
+        for link in self._sort_links(links):
+            candidate = self.get_install_candidate(link_evaluator, link)
+            if candidate is not None:
+                candidates.append(candidate)
+
+        return candidates
+
+    def process_project_url(
+        self, project_url: Link, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Fetching project page and analyzing links: %s",
+            project_url,
+        )
+        index_response = self._link_collector.fetch_response(project_url)
+        if index_response is None:
+            return []
+
+        page_links = list(parse_links(index_response))
+
+        with indent_log():
+            package_links = self.evaluate_links(
+                link_evaluator,
+                links=page_links,
+            )
+
+        return package_links
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_all_candidates(self, project_name: str) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Find all available InstallationCandidate for project_name
+
+        This checks index_urls and find_links.
+        All versions found are returned as an InstallationCandidate list.
+
+        See LinkEvaluator.evaluate_link() for details on which files
+        are accepted.
+        """
+        link_evaluator = self.make_link_evaluator(project_name)
+
+        collected_sources = self._link_collector.collect_sources(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            candidates_from_page=functools.partial(
+                self.process_project_url,
+                link_evaluator=link_evaluator,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        page_candidates_it = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            source.page_candidates()
+            for sources in collected_sources
+            for source in sources
+            if source is not None
+        )
+        page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)
+
+        file_links_it = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            source.file_links()
+            for sources in collected_sources
+            for source in sources
+            if source is not None
+        )
+        file_candidates = self.evaluate_links(
+            link_evaluator,
+            sorted(file_links_it, reverse=True),
+        )
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and file_candidates:
+            paths = []
+            for candidate in file_candidates:
+                assert candidate.link.url  # we need to have a URL
+                try:
+                    paths.append(candidate.link.file_path)
+                except Exception:
+                    paths.append(candidate.link.url)  # it's not a local file
+
+            logger.debug("Local files found: %s", ", ".join(paths))
+
+        # This is an intentional priority ordering
+        return file_candidates + page_candidates
+
+    def make_candidate_evaluator(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> CandidateEvaluator:
+        """Create a CandidateEvaluator object to use."""
+        candidate_prefs = self._candidate_prefs
+        return CandidateEvaluator.create(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            target_python=self._target_python,
+            prefer_binary=candidate_prefs.prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> BestCandidateResult:
+        """Find matches for the given project and specifier.
+
+        :param specifier: An optional object implementing `filter`
+            (e.g. `packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet`) to filter applicable
+            versions.
+
+        :return: A `BestCandidateResult` instance.
+        """
+        candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
+        candidate_evaluator = self.make_candidate_evaluator(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+        return candidate_evaluator.compute_best_candidate(candidates)
+
+    def find_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Try to find a Link matching req
+
+        Expects req, an InstallRequirement and upgrade, a boolean
+        Returns a InstallationCandidate if found,
+        Raises DistributionNotFound or BestVersionAlreadyInstalled otherwise
+        """
+        hashes = req.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+        best_candidate_result = self.find_best_candidate(
+            req.name,
+            specifier=req.specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+        best_candidate = best_candidate_result.best_candidate
+
+        installed_version: Optional[_BaseVersion] = None
+        if req.satisfied_by is not None:
+            installed_version = req.satisfied_by.version
+
+        def _format_versions(cand_iter: Iterable[InstallationCandidate]) -> str:
+            # This repeated parse_version and str() conversion is needed to
+            # handle different vendoring sources from pip and pkg_resources.
+            # If we stop using the pkg_resources provided specifier and start
+            # using our own, we can drop the cast to str().
+            return (
+                ", ".join(
+                    sorted(
+                        {str(c.version) for c in cand_iter},
+                        key=parse_version,
+                    )
+                )
+                or "none"
+            )
+
+        if installed_version is None and best_candidate is None:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+                "(from versions: %s)",
+                req,
+                _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_all()),
+            )
+
+            raise DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+        def _should_install_candidate(
+            candidate: Optional[InstallationCandidate],
+        ) -> "TypeGuard[InstallationCandidate]":
+            if installed_version is None:
+                return True
+            if best_candidate is None:
+                return False
+            return best_candidate.version > installed_version
+
+        if not upgrade and installed_version is not None:
+            if _should_install_candidate(best_candidate):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Existing installed version (%s) satisfies requirement "
+                    "(most up-to-date version is %s)",
+                    installed_version,
+                    best_candidate.version,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Existing installed version (%s) is most up-to-date and "
+                    "satisfies requirement",
+                    installed_version,
+                )
+            return None
+
+        if _should_install_candidate(best_candidate):
+            logger.debug(
+                "Using version %s (newest of versions: %s)",
+                best_candidate.version,
+                _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_applicable()),
+            )
+            return best_candidate
+
+        # We have an existing version, and its the best version
+        logger.debug(
+            "Installed version (%s) is most up-to-date (past versions: %s)",
+            installed_version,
+            _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_applicable()),
+        )
+        raise BestVersionAlreadyInstalled
+
+
+def _find_name_version_sep(fragment: str, canonical_name: str) -> int:
+    """Find the separator's index based on the package's canonical name.
+
+    :param fragment: A <package>+<version> filename "fragment" (stem) or
+        egg fragment.
+    :param canonical_name: The package's canonical name.
+
+    This function is needed since the canonicalized name does not necessarily
+    have the same length as the egg info's name part. An example::
+
+    >>> fragment = 'foo__bar-1.0'
+    >>> canonical_name = 'foo-bar'
+    >>> _find_name_version_sep(fragment, canonical_name)
+    8
+    """
+    # Project name and version must be separated by one single dash. Find all
+    # occurrences of dashes; if the string in front of it matches the canonical
+    # name, this is the one separating the name and version parts.
+    for i, c in enumerate(fragment):
+        if c != "-":
+            continue
+        if canonicalize_name(fragment[:i]) == canonical_name:
+            return i
+    raise ValueError(f"{fragment} does not match {canonical_name}")
+
+
+def _extract_version_from_fragment(fragment: str, canonical_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Parse the version string from a <package>+<version> filename
+    "fragment" (stem) or egg fragment.
+
+    :param fragment: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
+    :param canonical_name: The canonicalized name of the package this
+        belongs to.
+    """
+    try:
+        version_start = _find_name_version_sep(fragment, canonical_name) + 1
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    version = fragment[version_start:]
+    if not version:
+        return None
+    return version
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4626d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import (
+    InvalidSdistFilename,
+    InvalidVersion,
+    InvalidWheelFilename,
+    canonicalize_name,
+    parse_sdist_filename,
+    parse_wheel_filename,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
+from pip._internal.vcs import is_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+FoundCandidates = Iterable[InstallationCandidate]
+FoundLinks = Iterable[Link]
+CandidatesFromPage = Callable[[Link], Iterable[InstallationCandidate]]
+PageValidator = Callable[[Link], bool]
+
+
+class LinkSource:
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        """Returns the underlying link, if there's one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        """Candidates found by parsing an archive listing HTML file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        """Links found by specifying archives directly."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _is_html_file(file_url: str) -> bool:
+    return mimetypes.guess_type(file_url, strict=False)[0] == "text/html"
+
+
+class _FlatDirectoryToUrls:
+    """Scans directory and caches results"""
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
+        self._path = path
+        self._page_candidates: List[str] = []
+        self._project_name_to_urls: Dict[str, List[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self._scanned_directory = False
+
+    def _scan_directory(self) -> None:
+        """Scans directory once and populates both page_candidates
+        and project_name_to_urls at the same time
+        """
+        for entry in os.scandir(self._path):
+            url = path_to_url(entry.path)
+            if _is_html_file(url):
+                self._page_candidates.append(url)
+                continue
+
+            # File must have a valid wheel or sdist name,
+            # otherwise not worth considering as a package
+            try:
+                project_filename = parse_wheel_filename(entry.name)[0]
+            except (InvalidWheelFilename, InvalidVersion):
+                try:
+                    project_filename = parse_sdist_filename(entry.name)[0]
+                except (InvalidSdistFilename, InvalidVersion):
+                    continue
+
+            self._project_name_to_urls[project_filename].append(url)
+        self._scanned_directory = True
+
+    @property
+    def page_candidates(self) -> List[str]:
+        if not self._scanned_directory:
+            self._scan_directory()
+
+        return self._page_candidates
+
+    @property
+    def project_name_to_urls(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+        if not self._scanned_directory:
+            self._scan_directory()
+
+        return self._project_name_to_urls
+
+
+class _FlatDirectorySource(LinkSource):
+    """Link source specified by ``--find-links=<path-to-dir>``.
+
+    This looks the content of the directory, and returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on each HTML file in the directory.
+    * ``file_candidates``: Archives in the directory.
+    """
+
+    _paths_to_urls: Dict[str, _FlatDirectoryToUrls] = {}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        path: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._project_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)
+
+        # Get existing instance of _FlatDirectoryToUrls if it exists
+        if path in self._paths_to_urls:
+            self._path_to_urls = self._paths_to_urls[path]
+        else:
+            self._path_to_urls = _FlatDirectoryToUrls(path=path)
+            self._paths_to_urls[path] = self._path_to_urls
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return None
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        for url in self._path_to_urls.page_candidates:
+            yield from self._candidates_from_page(Link(url))
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        for url in self._path_to_urls.project_name_to_urls[self._project_name]:
+            yield Link(url)
+
+
+class _LocalFileSource(LinkSource):
+    """``--find-links=<path-or-url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<path-or-url>``.
+
+    If a URL is supplied, it must be a ``file:`` URL. If a path is supplied to
+    the option, it is converted to a URL first. This returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
+    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        if not _is_html_file(self._link.url):
+            return
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        if _is_html_file(self._link.url):
+            return
+        yield self._link
+
+
+class _RemoteFileSource(LinkSource):
+    """``--find-links=<url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<url>``.
+
+    This returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
+    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        page_validator: PageValidator,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._page_validator = page_validator
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        if not self._page_validator(self._link):
+            return
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        yield self._link
+
+
+class _IndexDirectorySource(LinkSource):
+    """``--[extra-]index-url=<path-to-directory>``.
+
+    This is treated like a remote URL; ``candidates_from_page`` contains logic
+    for this by appending ``index.html`` to the link.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        return ()
+
+
+def build_source(
+    location: str,
+    *,
+    candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+    page_validator: PageValidator,
+    expand_dir: bool,
+    cache_link_parsing: bool,
+    project_name: str,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[LinkSource]]:
+    path: Optional[str] = None
+    url: Optional[str] = None
+    if os.path.exists(location):  # Is a local path.
+        url = path_to_url(location)
+        path = location
+    elif location.startswith("file:"):  # A file: URL.
+        url = location
+        path = url_to_path(location)
+    elif is_url(location):
+        url = location
+
+    if url is None:
+        msg = (
+            "Location '%s' is ignored: "
+            "it is either a non-existing path or lacks a specific scheme."
+        )
+        logger.warning(msg, location)
+        return (None, None)
+
+    if path is None:
+        source: LinkSource = _RemoteFileSource(
+            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+            page_validator=page_validator,
+            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+        )
+        return (url, source)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if expand_dir:
+            source = _FlatDirectorySource(
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                path=path,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+        else:
+            source = _IndexDirectorySource(
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+            )
+        return (url, source)
+    elif os.path.isfile(path):
+        source = _LocalFileSource(
+            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+        )
+        return (url, source)
+    logger.warning(
+        "Location '%s' is ignored: it is neither a file nor a directory.",
+        location,
+    )
+    return (url, None)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d54bc63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from . import _sysconfig
+from .base import (
+    USER_CACHE_DIR,
+    get_major_minor_version,
+    get_src_prefix,
+    is_osx_framework,
+    site_packages,
+    user_site,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "USER_CACHE_DIR",
+    "get_bin_prefix",
+    "get_bin_user",
+    "get_major_minor_version",
+    "get_platlib",
+    "get_purelib",
+    "get_scheme",
+    "get_src_prefix",
+    "site_packages",
+    "user_site",
+]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_PLATLIBDIR: str = getattr(sys, "platlibdir", "lib")
+
+_USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT = sys.version_info >= (3, 10)
+
+
+def _should_use_sysconfig() -> bool:
+    """This function determines the value of _USE_SYSCONFIG.
+
+    By default, pip uses sysconfig on Python 3.10+.
+    But Python distributors can override this decision by setting:
+        sysconfig._PIP_USE_SYSCONFIG = True / False
+    Rationale in https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10647
+
+    This is a function for testability, but should be constant during any one
+    run.
+    """
+    return bool(getattr(sysconfig, "_PIP_USE_SYSCONFIG", _USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT))
+
+
+_USE_SYSCONFIG = _should_use_sysconfig()
+
+if not _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+    # Import distutils lazily to avoid deprecation warnings,
+    # but import it soon enough that it is in memory and available during
+    # a pip reinstall.
+    from . import _distutils
+
+# Be noisy about incompatibilities if this platforms "should" be using
+# sysconfig, but is explicitly opting out and using distutils instead.
+if _USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT and not _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+    _MISMATCH_LEVEL = logging.WARNING
+else:
+    _MISMATCH_LEVEL = logging.DEBUG
+
+
+def _looks_like_bpo_44860() -> bool:
+    """The resolution to bpo-44860 will change this incorrect platlib.
+
+    See <https://bugs.python.org/issue44860>.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    try:
+        unix_user_platlib = INSTALL_SCHEMES["unix_user"]["platlib"]
+    except KeyError:
+        return False
+    return unix_user_platlib == "$usersite"
+
+
+def _looks_like_red_hat_patched_platlib_purelib(scheme: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+    platlib = scheme["platlib"]
+    if "/$platlibdir/" in platlib:
+        platlib = platlib.replace("/$platlibdir/", f"/{_PLATLIBDIR}/")
+    if "/lib64/" not in platlib:
+        return False
+    unpatched = platlib.replace("/lib64/", "/lib/")
+    return unpatched.replace("$platbase/", "$base/") == scheme["purelib"]
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_red_hat_lib() -> bool:
+    """Red Hat patches platlib in unix_prefix and unix_home, but not purelib.
+
+    This is the only way I can see to tell a Red Hat-patched Python.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    return all(
+        k in INSTALL_SCHEMES
+        and _looks_like_red_hat_patched_platlib_purelib(INSTALL_SCHEMES[k])
+        for k in ("unix_prefix", "unix_home")
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_debian_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Debian adds two additional schemes."""
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    return "deb_system" in INSTALL_SCHEMES and "unix_local" in INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_red_hat_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Red Hat patches ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix``.
+
+    Red Hat's ``00251-change-user-install-location.patch`` changes the install
+    command's ``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` to append ``"/local"``. This is
+    (fortunately?) done quite unconditionally, so we create a default command
+    object without any configuration to detect this.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import install
+    from distutils.dist import Distribution
+
+    cmd: Any = install(Distribution())
+    cmd.finalize_options()
+    return (
+        cmd.exec_prefix == f"{os.path.normpath(sys.exec_prefix)}/local"
+        and cmd.prefix == f"{os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)}/local"
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_slackware_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Slackware patches sysconfig but fails to patch distutils and site.
+
+    Slackware changes sysconfig's user scheme to use ``"lib64"`` for the lib
+    path, but does not do the same to the site module.
+    """
+    if user_site is None:  # User-site not available.
+        return False
+    try:
+        paths = sysconfig.get_paths(scheme="posix_user", expand=False)
+    except KeyError:  # User-site not available.
+        return False
+    return "/lib64/" in paths["purelib"] and "/lib64/" not in user_site
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_msys2_mingw_scheme() -> bool:
+    """MSYS2 patches distutils and sysconfig to use a UNIX-like scheme.
+
+    However, MSYS2 incorrectly patches sysconfig ``nt`` scheme. The fix is
+    likely going to be included in their 3.10 release, so we ignore the warning.
+    See msys2/MINGW-packages#9319.
+
+    MSYS2 MINGW's patch uses lowercase ``"lib"`` instead of the usual uppercase,
+    and is missing the final ``"site-packages"``.
+    """
+    paths = sysconfig.get_paths("nt", expand=False)
+    return all(
+        "Lib" not in p and "lib" in p and not p.endswith("site-packages")
+        for p in (paths[key] for key in ("platlib", "purelib"))
+    )
+
+
+def _fix_abiflags(parts: Tuple[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    ldversion = sysconfig.get_config_var("LDVERSION")
+    abiflags = getattr(sys, "abiflags", None)
+
+    # LDVERSION does not end with sys.abiflags. Just return the path unchanged.
+    if not ldversion or not abiflags or not ldversion.endswith(abiflags):
+        yield from parts
+        return
+
+    # Strip sys.abiflags from LDVERSION-based path components.
+    for part in parts:
+        if part.endswith(ldversion):
+            part = part[: (0 - len(abiflags))]
+        yield part
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _warn_mismatched(old: pathlib.Path, new: pathlib.Path, *, key: str) -> None:
+    issue_url = "https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10151"
+    message = (
+        "Value for %s does not match. Please report this to <%s>"
+        "\ndistutils: %s"
+        "\nsysconfig: %s"
+    )
+    logger.log(_MISMATCH_LEVEL, message, key, issue_url, old, new)
+
+
+def _warn_if_mismatch(old: pathlib.Path, new: pathlib.Path, *, key: str) -> bool:
+    if old == new:
+        return False
+    _warn_mismatched(old, new, key=key)
+    return True
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _log_context(
+    *,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    parts = [
+        "Additional context:",
+        "user = %r",
+        "home = %r",
+        "root = %r",
+        "prefix = %r",
+    ]
+
+    logger.log(_MISMATCH_LEVEL, "\n".join(parts), user, home, root, prefix)
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    new = _sysconfig.get_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+
+    warning_contexts = []
+    for k in SCHEME_KEYS:
+        old_v = pathlib.Path(getattr(old, k))
+        new_v = pathlib.Path(getattr(new, k))
+
+        if old_v == new_v:
+            continue
+
+        # distutils incorrectly put PyPy packages under ``site-packages/python``
+        # in the ``posix_home`` scheme, but PyPy devs said they expect the
+        # directory name to be ``pypy`` instead. So we treat this as a bug fix
+        # and not warn about it. See bpo-43307 and python/cpython#24628.
+        skip_pypy_special_case = (
+            sys.implementation.name == "pypy"
+            and home is not None
+            and k in ("platlib", "purelib")
+            and old_v.parent == new_v.parent
+            and old_v.name.startswith("python")
+            and new_v.name.startswith("pypy")
+        )
+        if skip_pypy_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # sysconfig's ``osx_framework_user`` does not include ``pythonX.Y`` in
+        # the ``include`` value, but distutils's ``headers`` does. We'll let
+        # CPython decide whether this is a bug or feature. See bpo-43948.
+        skip_osx_framework_user_special_case = (
+            user
+            and is_osx_framework()
+            and k == "headers"
+            and old_v.parent.parent == new_v.parent
+            and old_v.parent.name.startswith("python")
+        )
+        if skip_osx_framework_user_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # On Red Hat and derived Linux distributions, distutils is patched to
+        # use "lib64" instead of "lib" for platlib.
+        if k == "platlib" and _looks_like_red_hat_lib():
+            continue
+
+        # On Python 3.9+, sysconfig's posix_user scheme sets platlib against
+        # sys.platlibdir, but distutils's unix_user incorrectly coninutes
+        # using the same $usersite for both platlib and purelib. This creates a
+        # mismatch when sys.platlibdir is not "lib".
+        skip_bpo_44860 = (
+            user
+            and k == "platlib"
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and sys.version_info >= (3, 9)
+            and _PLATLIBDIR != "lib"
+            and _looks_like_bpo_44860()
+        )
+        if skip_bpo_44860:
+            continue
+
+        # Slackware incorrectly patches posix_user to use lib64 instead of lib,
+        # but not usersite to match the location.
+        skip_slackware_user_scheme = (
+            user
+            and k in ("platlib", "purelib")
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and _looks_like_slackware_scheme()
+        )
+        if skip_slackware_user_scheme:
+            continue
+
+        # Both Debian and Red Hat patch Python to place the system site under
+        # /usr/local instead of /usr. Debian also places lib in dist-packages
+        # instead of site-packages, but the /usr/local check should cover it.
+        skip_linux_system_special_case = (
+            not (user or home or prefix or running_under_virtualenv())
+            and old_v.parts[1:3] == ("usr", "local")
+            and len(new_v.parts) > 1
+            and new_v.parts[1] == "usr"
+            and (len(new_v.parts) < 3 or new_v.parts[2] != "local")
+            and (_looks_like_red_hat_scheme() or _looks_like_debian_scheme())
+        )
+        if skip_linux_system_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # On Python 3.7 and earlier, sysconfig does not include sys.abiflags in
+        # the "pythonX.Y" part of the path, but distutils does.
+        skip_sysconfig_abiflag_bug = (
+            sys.version_info < (3, 8)
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and k in ("headers", "platlib", "purelib")
+            and tuple(_fix_abiflags(old_v.parts)) == new_v.parts
+        )
+        if skip_sysconfig_abiflag_bug:
+            continue
+
+        # MSYS2 MINGW's sysconfig patch does not include the "site-packages"
+        # part of the path. This is incorrect and will be fixed in MSYS.
+        skip_msys2_mingw_bug = (
+            WINDOWS and k in ("platlib", "purelib") and _looks_like_msys2_mingw_scheme()
+        )
+        if skip_msys2_mingw_bug:
+            continue
+
+        # CPython's POSIX install script invokes pip (via ensurepip) against the
+        # interpreter located in the source tree, not the install site. This
+        # triggers special logic in sysconfig that's not present in distutils.
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/8c21941ddaf/Lib/sysconfig.py#L178-L194
+        skip_cpython_build = (
+            sysconfig.is_python_build(check_home=True)
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and k in ("headers", "include", "platinclude")
+        )
+        if skip_cpython_build:
+            continue
+
+        warning_contexts.append((old_v, new_v, f"scheme.{k}"))
+
+    if not warning_contexts:
+        return old
+
+    # Check if this path mismatch is caused by distutils config files. Those
+    # files will no longer work once we switch to sysconfig, so this raises a
+    # deprecation message for them.
+    default_old = _distutils.distutils_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user,
+        home,
+        root,
+        isolated,
+        prefix,
+        ignore_config_files=True,
+    )
+    if any(default_old[k] != getattr(old, k) for k in SCHEME_KEYS):
+        deprecated(
+            reason=(
+                "Configuring installation scheme with distutils config files "
+                "is deprecated and will no longer work in the near future. If you "
+                "are using a Homebrew or Linuxbrew Python, please see discussion "
+                "at https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/issues/76621"
+            ),
+            replacement=None,
+            gone_in=None,
+        )
+        return old
+
+    # Post warnings about this mismatch so user can report them back.
+    for old_v, new_v, key in warning_contexts:
+        _warn_mismatched(old_v, new_v, key=key)
+    _log_context(user=user, home=home, root=root, prefix=prefix)
+
+    return old
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    new = _sysconfig.get_bin_prefix()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_bin_prefix()
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="bin_prefix"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
+
+
+def get_bin_user() -> str:
+    return _sysconfig.get_scheme("", user=True).scripts
+
+
+def _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value is Debian's APT-controlled dist-packages.
+
+    Debian's ``distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib()`` implementation returns the
+    default package path controlled by APT, but does not patch ``sysconfig`` to
+    do the same. This is similar to the bug worked around in ``get_scheme()``,
+    but here the default is ``deb_system`` instead of ``unix_local``. Ultimately
+    we can't do anything about this Debian bug, and this detection allows us to
+    skip the warning when needed.
+    """
+    if not _looks_like_debian_scheme():
+        return False
+    if value == "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages":
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    """Return the default pure-Python lib location."""
+    new = _sysconfig.get_purelib()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_purelib()
+    if _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(old):
+        return old
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="purelib"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    """Return the default platform-shared lib location."""
+    new = _sysconfig.get_platlib()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    from . import _distutils
+
+    old = _distutils.get_platlib()
+    if _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(old):
+        return old
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="platlib"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e18c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Locations where we look for configs, install stuff, etc"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+# If pip's going to use distutils, it should not be using the copy that setuptools
+# might have injected into the environment. This is done by removing the injected
+# shim, if it's injected.
+#
+# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8761 for the original discussion and
+# rationale for why this is done within pip.
+try:
+    __import__("_distutils_hack").remove_shim()
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from distutils.cmd import Command as DistutilsCommand
+from distutils.command.install import SCHEME_KEYS
+from distutils.command.install import install as distutils_install_command
+from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union, cast
+
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import get_major_minor_version
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def distutils_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    ignore_config_files: bool = False,
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a distutils install scheme
+    """
+    from distutils.dist import Distribution
+
+    dist_args: Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]] = {"name": dist_name}
+    if isolated:
+        dist_args["script_args"] = ["--no-user-cfg"]
+
+    d = Distribution(dist_args)
+    if not ignore_config_files:
+        try:
+            d.parse_config_files()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            paths = d.find_config_files()
+            logger.warning(
+                "Ignore distutils configs in %s due to encoding errors.",
+                ", ".join(os.path.basename(p) for p in paths),
+            )
+    obj: Optional[DistutilsCommand] = None
+    obj = d.get_command_obj("install", create=True)
+    assert obj is not None
+    i = cast(distutils_install_command, obj)
+    # NOTE: setting user or home has the side-effect of creating the home dir
+    # or user base for installations during finalize_options()
+    # ideally, we'd prefer a scheme class that has no side-effects.
+    assert not (user and prefix), f"user={user} prefix={prefix}"
+    assert not (home and prefix), f"home={home} prefix={prefix}"
+    i.user = user or i.user
+    if user or home:
+        i.prefix = ""
+    i.prefix = prefix or i.prefix
+    i.home = home or i.home
+    i.root = root or i.root
+    i.finalize_options()
+
+    scheme = {}
+    for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
+        scheme[key] = getattr(i, "install_" + key)
+
+    # install_lib specified in setup.cfg should install *everything*
+    # into there (i.e. it takes precedence over both purelib and
+    # platlib).  Note, i.install_lib is *always* set after
+    # finalize_options(); we only want to override here if the user
+    # has explicitly requested it hence going back to the config
+    if "install_lib" in d.get_option_dict("install"):
+        scheme.update({"purelib": i.install_lib, "platlib": i.install_lib})
+
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        if home:
+            prefix = home
+        elif user:
+            prefix = i.install_userbase
+        else:
+            prefix = i.prefix
+        scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(
+            prefix,
+            "include",
+            "site",
+            f"python{get_major_minor_version()}",
+            dist_name,
+        )
+
+        if root is not None:
+            path_no_drive = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(scheme["headers"]))[1]
+            scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(root, path_no_drive[1:])
+
+    return scheme
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    """
+    Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters. The distutils
+    documentation provides the context for the available schemes:
+    https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation
+
+    :param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
+        in the headers scheme path
+    :param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
+    :param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme and provides the base
+        directory for the same
+    :param root: root under which other directories are re-based
+    :param isolated: equivalent to --no-user-cfg, i.e. do not consider
+        ~/.pydistutils.cfg (posix) or ~/pydistutils.cfg (non-posix) for
+        scheme paths
+    :param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
+        base directory for the same
+    """
+    scheme = distutils_scheme(dist_name, user, home, root, isolated, prefix)
+    return Scheme(
+        platlib=scheme["platlib"],
+        purelib=scheme["purelib"],
+        headers=scheme["headers"],
+        scripts=scheme["scripts"],
+        data=scheme["data"],
+    )
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    # XXX: In old virtualenv versions, sys.prefix can contain '..' components,
+    # so we need to call normpath to eliminate them.
+    prefix = os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)
+    if WINDOWS:
+        bin_py = os.path.join(prefix, "Scripts")
+        # buildout uses 'bin' on Windows too?
+        if not os.path.exists(bin_py):
+            bin_py = os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+        return bin_py
+    # Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs
+    # Also log to ~/Library/Logs/ for use with the Console.app log viewer
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin" and prefix[:16] == "/System/Library/":
+        return "/usr/local/bin"
+    return os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    return get_python_lib(plat_specific=False)
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    return get_python_lib(plat_specific=True)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97aef1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidSchemeCombination, UserInstallationInvalid
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import change_root, get_major_minor_version, is_osx_framework
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Notes on _infer_* functions.
+# Unfortunately ``get_default_scheme()`` didn't exist before 3.10, so there's no
+# way to ask things like "what is the '_prefix' scheme on this platform". These
+# functions try to answer that with some heuristics while accounting for ad-hoc
+# platforms not covered by CPython's default sysconfig implementation. If the
+# ad-hoc implementation does not fully implement sysconfig, we'll fall back to
+# a POSIX scheme.
+
+_AVAILABLE_SCHEMES = set(sysconfig.get_scheme_names())
+
+_PREFERRED_SCHEME_API = getattr(sysconfig, "get_preferred_scheme", None)
+
+
+def _should_use_osx_framework_prefix() -> bool:
+    """Check for Apple's ``osx_framework_library`` scheme.
+
+    Python distributed by Apple's Command Line Tools has this special scheme
+    that's used when:
+
+    * This is a framework build.
+    * We are installing into the system prefix.
+
+    This does not account for ``pip install --prefix`` (also means we're not
+    installing to the system prefix), which should use ``posix_prefix``, but
+    logic here means ``_infer_prefix()`` outputs ``osx_framework_library``. But
+    since ``prefix`` is not available for ``sysconfig.get_default_scheme()``,
+    which is the stdlib replacement for ``_infer_prefix()``, presumably Apple
+    wouldn't be able to magically switch between ``osx_framework_library`` and
+    ``posix_prefix``. ``_infer_prefix()`` returning ``osx_framework_library``
+    means its behavior is consistent whether we use the stdlib implementation
+    or our own, and we deal with this special case in ``get_scheme()`` instead.
+    """
+    return (
+        "osx_framework_library" in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES
+        and not running_under_virtualenv()
+        and is_osx_framework()
+    )
+
+
+def _infer_prefix() -> str:
+    """Try to find a prefix scheme for the current platform.
+
+    This tries:
+
+    * A special ``osx_framework_library`` for Python distributed by Apple's
+      Command Line Tools, when not running in a virtual environment.
+    * Implementation + OS, used by PyPy on Windows (``pypy_nt``).
+    * Implementation without OS, used by PyPy on POSIX (``pypy``).
+    * OS + "prefix", used by CPython on POSIX (``posix_prefix``).
+    * Just the OS name, used by CPython on Windows (``nt``).
+
+    If none of the above works, fall back to ``posix_prefix``.
+    """
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("prefix")
+    if _should_use_osx_framework_prefix():
+        return "osx_framework_library"
+    implementation_suffixed = f"{sys.implementation.name}_{os.name}"
+    if implementation_suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return implementation_suffixed
+    if sys.implementation.name in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return sys.implementation.name
+    suffixed = f"{os.name}_prefix"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    if os.name in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:  # On Windows, prefx is just called "nt".
+        return os.name
+    return "posix_prefix"
+
+
+def _infer_user() -> str:
+    """Try to find a user scheme for the current platform."""
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("user")
+    if is_osx_framework() and not running_under_virtualenv():
+        suffixed = "osx_framework_user"
+    else:
+        suffixed = f"{os.name}_user"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    if "posix_user" not in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:  # User scheme unavailable.
+        raise UserInstallationInvalid()
+    return "posix_user"
+
+
+def _infer_home() -> str:
+    """Try to find a home for the current platform."""
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("home")
+    suffixed = f"{os.name}_home"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    return "posix_home"
+
+
+# Update these keys if the user sets a custom home.
+_HOME_KEYS = [
+    "installed_base",
+    "base",
+    "installed_platbase",
+    "platbase",
+    "prefix",
+    "exec_prefix",
+]
+if sysconfig.get_config_var("userbase") is not None:
+    _HOME_KEYS.append("userbase")
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    root: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    """
+    Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters.
+
+    :param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
+        in the headers scheme path
+    :param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
+    :param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme
+    :param root: root under which other directories are re-based
+    :param isolated: ignored, but kept for distutils compatibility (where
+        this controls whether the user-site pydistutils.cfg is honored)
+    :param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
+        base directory for the same
+    """
+    if user and prefix:
+        raise InvalidSchemeCombination("--user", "--prefix")
+    if home and prefix:
+        raise InvalidSchemeCombination("--home", "--prefix")
+
+    if home is not None:
+        scheme_name = _infer_home()
+    elif user:
+        scheme_name = _infer_user()
+    else:
+        scheme_name = _infer_prefix()
+
+    # Special case: When installing into a custom prefix, use posix_prefix
+    # instead of osx_framework_library. See _should_use_osx_framework_prefix()
+    # docstring for details.
+    if prefix is not None and scheme_name == "osx_framework_library":
+        scheme_name = "posix_prefix"
+
+    if home is not None:
+        variables = {k: home for k in _HOME_KEYS}
+    elif prefix is not None:
+        variables = {k: prefix for k in _HOME_KEYS}
+    else:
+        variables = {}
+
+    paths = sysconfig.get_paths(scheme=scheme_name, vars=variables)
+
+    # Logic here is very arbitrary, we're doing it for compatibility, don't ask.
+    # 1. Pip historically uses a special header path in virtual environments.
+    # 2. If the distribution name is not known, distutils uses 'UNKNOWN'. We
+    #    only do the same when not running in a virtual environment because
+    #    pip's historical header path logic (see point 1) did not do this.
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        if user:
+            base = variables.get("userbase", sys.prefix)
+        else:
+            base = variables.get("base", sys.prefix)
+        python_xy = f"python{get_major_minor_version()}"
+        paths["include"] = os.path.join(base, "include", "site", python_xy)
+    elif not dist_name:
+        dist_name = "UNKNOWN"
+
+    scheme = Scheme(
+        platlib=paths["platlib"],
+        purelib=paths["purelib"],
+        headers=os.path.join(paths["include"], dist_name),
+        scripts=paths["scripts"],
+        data=paths["data"],
+    )
+    if root is not None:
+        for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
+            value = change_root(root, getattr(scheme, key))
+            setattr(scheme, key, value)
+    return scheme
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    # Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs.
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin" and sys.prefix[:16] == "/System/Library/":
+        return "/usr/local/bin"
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["scripts"]
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"]
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["platlib"]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f9f896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import functools
+import os
+import site
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+# Application Directories
+USER_CACHE_DIR = appdirs.user_cache_dir("pip")
+
+# FIXME doesn't account for venv linked to global site-packages
+site_packages: str = sysconfig.get_path("purelib")
+
+
+def get_major_minor_version() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the major-minor version of the current Python as a string, e.g.
+    "3.7" or "3.10".
+    """
+    return "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)
+
+
+def change_root(new_root: str, pathname: str) -> str:
+    """Return 'pathname' with 'new_root' prepended.
+
+    If 'pathname' is relative, this is equivalent to os.path.join(new_root, pathname).
+    Otherwise, it requires making 'pathname' relative and then joining the
+    two, which is tricky on DOS/Windows and Mac OS.
+
+    This is borrowed from Python's standard library's distutils module.
+    """
+    if os.name == "posix":
+        if not os.path.isabs(pathname):
+            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname)
+        else:
+            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname[1:])
+
+    elif os.name == "nt":
+        (drive, path) = os.path.splitdrive(pathname)
+        if path[0] == "\\":
+            path = path[1:]
+        return os.path.join(new_root, path)
+
+    else:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Unknown platform: {os.name}\n"
+            "Can not change root path prefix on unknown platform."
+        )
+
+
+def get_src_prefix() -> str:
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        src_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "src")
+    else:
+        # FIXME: keep src in cwd for now (it is not a temporary folder)
+        try:
+            src_prefix = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "src")
+        except OSError:
+            # In case the current working directory has been renamed or deleted
+            sys.exit("The folder you are executing pip from can no longer be found.")
+
+    # under macOS + virtualenv sys.prefix is not properly resolved
+    # it is something like /path/to/python/bin/..
+    return os.path.abspath(src_prefix)
+
+
+try:
+    # Use getusersitepackages if this is present, as it ensures that the
+    # value is initialised properly.
+    user_site: typing.Optional[str] = site.getusersitepackages()
+except AttributeError:
+    user_site = site.USER_SITE
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def is_osx_framework() -> bool:
+    return bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK"))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c6d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
+    it.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa232b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Type, cast
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
+
+from .base import BaseDistribution, BaseEnvironment, FilesystemWheel, MemoryWheel, Wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal, Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BaseDistribution",
+    "BaseEnvironment",
+    "FilesystemWheel",
+    "MemoryWheel",
+    "Wheel",
+    "get_default_environment",
+    "get_environment",
+    "get_wheel_distribution",
+    "select_backend",
+]
+
+
+def _should_use_importlib_metadata() -> bool:
+    """Whether to use the ``importlib.metadata`` or ``pkg_resources`` backend.
+
+    By default, pip uses ``importlib.metadata`` on Python 3.11+, and
+    ``pkg_resourcess`` otherwise. This can be overridden by a couple of ways:
+
+    * If environment variable ``_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA`` is set, it
+      dictates whether ``importlib.metadata`` is used, regardless of Python
+      version.
+    * On Python 3.11+, Python distributors can patch ``importlib.metadata``
+      to add a global constant ``_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA = False``. This
+      makes pip use ``pkg_resources`` (unless the user set the aforementioned
+      environment variable to *True*).
+    """
+    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, ValueError):
+        return bool(strtobool(os.environ["_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA"]))
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        return False
+    import importlib.metadata
+
+    return bool(getattr(importlib.metadata, "_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA", True))
+
+
+class Backend(Protocol):
+    NAME: 'Literal["importlib", "pkg_resources"]'
+    Distribution: Type[BaseDistribution]
+    Environment: Type[BaseEnvironment]
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def select_backend() -> Backend:
+    if _should_use_importlib_metadata():
+        from . import importlib
+
+        return cast(Backend, importlib)
+    from . import pkg_resources
+
+    return cast(Backend, pkg_resources)
+
+
+def get_default_environment() -> BaseEnvironment:
+    """Get the default representation for the current environment.
+
+    This returns an Environment instance from the chosen backend. The default
+    Environment instance should be built from ``sys.path`` and may use caching
+    to share instance state accorss calls.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Environment.default()
+
+
+def get_environment(paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+    """Get a representation of the environment specified by ``paths``.
+
+    This returns an Environment instance from the chosen backend based on the
+    given import paths. The backend must build a fresh instance representing
+    the state of installed distributions when this function is called.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Environment.from_paths(paths)
+
+
+def get_directory_distribution(directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the distribution metadata representation in the specified directory.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend based on
+    the given on-disk ``.dist-info`` directory.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_directory(directory)
+
+
+def get_wheel_distribution(wheel: Wheel, canonical_name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the representation of the specified wheel's distribution metadata.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend based on
+    the given wheel's ``.dist-info`` directory.
+
+    :param canonical_name: Normalized project name of the given wheel.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_wheel(wheel, canonical_name)
+
+
+def get_metadata_distribution(
+    metadata_contents: bytes,
+    filename: str,
+    canonical_name: str,
+) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the dist representation of the specified METADATA file contents.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend sourced from the data
+    in `metadata_contents`.
+
+    :param metadata_contents: Contents of a METADATA file within a dist, or one served
+                              via PEP 658.
+    :param filename: Filename for the dist this metadata represents.
+    :param canonical_name: Normalized project name of the given dist.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_metadata_file_contents(
+        metadata_contents,
+        filename,
+        canonical_name,
+    )
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27362fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Extracted from https://github.com/pfmoore/pkg_metadata
+
+from email.header import Header, decode_header, make_header
+from email.message import Message
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
+
+METADATA_FIELDS = [
+    # Name, Multiple-Use
+    ("Metadata-Version", False),
+    ("Name", False),
+    ("Version", False),
+    ("Dynamic", True),
+    ("Platform", True),
+    ("Supported-Platform", True),
+    ("Summary", False),
+    ("Description", False),
+    ("Description-Content-Type", False),
+    ("Keywords", False),
+    ("Home-page", False),
+    ("Download-URL", False),
+    ("Author", False),
+    ("Author-email", False),
+    ("Maintainer", False),
+    ("Maintainer-email", False),
+    ("License", False),
+    ("Classifier", True),
+    ("Requires-Dist", True),
+    ("Requires-Python", False),
+    ("Requires-External", True),
+    ("Project-URL", True),
+    ("Provides-Extra", True),
+    ("Provides-Dist", True),
+    ("Obsoletes-Dist", True),
+]
+
+
+def json_name(field: str) -> str:
+    return field.lower().replace("-", "_")
+
+
+def msg_to_json(msg: Message) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Convert a Message object into a JSON-compatible dictionary."""
+
+    def sanitise_header(h: Union[Header, str]) -> str:
+        if isinstance(h, Header):
+            chunks = []
+            for bytes, encoding in decode_header(h):
+                if encoding == "unknown-8bit":
+                    try:
+                        # See if UTF-8 works
+                        bytes.decode("utf-8")
+                        encoding = "utf-8"
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        # If not, latin1 at least won't fail
+                        encoding = "latin1"
+                chunks.append((bytes, encoding))
+            return str(make_header(chunks))
+        return str(h)
+
+    result = {}
+    for field, multi in METADATA_FIELDS:
+        if field not in msg:
+            continue
+        key = json_name(field)
+        if multi:
+            value: Union[str, List[str]] = [
+                sanitise_header(v) for v in msg.get_all(field)  # type: ignore
+            ]
+        else:
+            value = sanitise_header(msg.get(field))  # type: ignore
+            if key == "keywords":
+                # Accept both comma-separated and space-separated
+                # forms, for better compatibility with old data.
+                if "," in value:
+                    value = [v.strip() for v in value.split(",")]
+                else:
+                    value = value.split()
+        result[key] = value
+
+    payload = msg.get_payload()
+    if payload:
+        result["description"] = payload
+
+    return result
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9249124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+import csv
+import email.message
+import functools
+import json
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Collection,
+    Container,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NoneMetadataError
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import (
+    DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+    DirectUrl,
+    DirectUrlValidationError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs  # TODO: Move definition here.
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_sys_path
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_local, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+from ._json import msg_to_json
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+DistributionVersion = Union[LegacyVersion, Version]
+
+InfoPath = Union[str, pathlib.PurePath]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class BaseEntryPoint(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def group(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _convert_installed_files_path(
+    entry: Tuple[str, ...],
+    info: Tuple[str, ...],
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a legacy installed-files.txt path into modern RECORD path.
+
+    The legacy format stores paths relative to the info directory, while the
+    modern format stores paths relative to the package root, e.g. the
+    site-packages directory.
+
+    :param entry: Path parts of the installed-files.txt entry.
+    :param info: Path parts of the egg-info directory relative to package root.
+    :returns: The converted entry.
+
+    For best compatibility with symlinks, this does not use ``abspath()`` or
+    ``Path.resolve()``, but tries to work with path parts:
+
+    1. While ``entry`` starts with ``..``, remove the equal amounts of parts
+       from ``info``; if ``info`` is empty, start appending ``..`` instead.
+    2. Join the two directly.
+    """
+    while entry and entry[0] == "..":
+        if not info or info[-1] == "..":
+            info += ("..",)
+        else:
+            info = info[:-1]
+        entry = entry[1:]
+    return str(pathlib.Path(*info, *entry))
+
+
+class RequiresEntry(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    extra: str
+    marker: str
+
+
+class BaseDistribution(Protocol):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a metadata directory.
+
+        :param directory: Path to a metadata directory, e.g. ``.dist-info``.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from the contents of a METADATA file.
+
+        This is used to implement PEP 658 by generating a "shallow" dist object that can
+        be used for resolution without downloading or building the actual dist yet.
+
+        :param metadata_contents: The contents of a METADATA file.
+        :param filename: File name for the dist with this metadata.
+        :param project_name: Name of the project this dist represents.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: "Wheel", name: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a given wheel.
+
+        :param wheel: A concrete wheel definition.
+        :param name: File name of the wheel.
+
+        :raises InvalidWheel: Whenever loading of the wheel causes a
+            :py:exc:`zipfile.BadZipFile` exception to be thrown.
+        :raises UnsupportedWheel: If the wheel is a valid zip, but malformed
+            internally.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.version} ({self.location})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.version}"
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Where the distribution is loaded from.
+
+        A string value is not necessarily a filesystem path, since distributions
+        can be loaded from other sources, e.g. arbitrary zip archives. ``None``
+        means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def editable_project_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The project location for editable distributions.
+
+        This is the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is located.
+        None if the distribution is not installed in editable mode.
+        """
+        # TODO: this property is relatively costly to compute, memoize it ?
+        direct_url = self.direct_url
+        if direct_url:
+            if direct_url.is_local_editable():
+                return url_to_path(direct_url.url)
+        else:
+            # Search for an .egg-link file by walking sys.path, as it was
+            # done before by dist_is_editable().
+            egg_link_path = egg_link_path_from_sys_path(self.raw_name)
+            if egg_link_path:
+                # TODO: get project location from second line of egg_link file
+                #       (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10243)
+                return self.location
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The distribution's "installed" location.
+
+        This should generally be a ``site-packages`` directory. This is
+        usually ``dist.location``, except for legacy develop-installed packages,
+        where ``dist.location`` is the source code location, and this is where
+        the ``.egg-link`` file is.
+
+        The returned location is normalized (in particular, with symlinks removed).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Location of the .[egg|dist]-info directory or file.
+
+        Similarly to ``location``, a string value is not necessarily a
+        filesystem path. ``None`` means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        For a modern .dist-info installation on disk, this should be something
+        like ``{location}/{raw_name}-{version}.dist-info``.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and other files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with legacy distutils format.
+
+        A distribution installed with "raw" distutils not patched by setuptools
+        uses one single file at ``info_location`` to store metadata. We need to
+        treat this specially on uninstallation.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_file()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_as_egg(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed as an egg.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed by (older versions
+        of) easy_install.
+        """
+        location = self.location
+        if not location:
+            return False
+        return location.endswith(".egg")
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_setuptools_egg_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the ``.egg-info`` format.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed with setuptools
+        with an old pip version or with ``single-version-externally-managed``.
+
+        Note that this ensure the metadata store is a directory. distutils can
+        also installs an ``.egg-info``, but as a file, not a directory. This
+        property is *False* for that case. Also see ``installed_by_distutils``.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_dist_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the "modern format".
+
+        This indicates a "modern" installation, e.g. storing metadata in the
+        ``.dist-info`` directory. This applies to installations made by
+        setuptools (but through pip, not directly), or anything using the
+        standardized build backend interface (PEP 517).
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".dist-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> DistributionVersion:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def setuptools_filename(self) -> str:
+        """Convert a project name to its setuptools-compatible filename.
+
+        This is a copy of ``pkg_resources.to_filename()`` for compatibility.
+        """
+        return self.raw_name.replace("-", "_")
+
+    @property
+    def direct_url(self) -> Optional[DirectUrl]:
+        """Obtain a DirectUrl from this distribution.
+
+        Returns None if the distribution has no `direct_url.json` metadata,
+        or if `direct_url.json` is invalid.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return DirectUrl.from_json(content)
+        except (
+            UnicodeDecodeError,
+            json.JSONDecodeError,
+            DirectUrlValidationError,
+        ) as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Error parsing %s for %s: %s",
+                DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+                self.canonical_name,
+                e,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def installer(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            installer_text = self.read_text("INSTALLER")
+        except (OSError, ValueError, NoneMetadataError):
+            return ""  # Fail silently if the installer file cannot be read.
+        for line in installer_text.splitlines():
+            cleaned_line = line.strip()
+            if cleaned_line:
+                return cleaned_line
+        return ""
+
+    @property
+    def requested(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file("REQUESTED")
+
+    @property
+    def editable(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.editable_project_location)
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> bool:
+        """If distribution is installed in the current virtual environment.
+
+        Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.
+        """
+        if self.installed_location is None:
+            return False
+        return is_local(self.installed_location)
+
+    @property
+    def in_usersite(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or user_site is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(user_site))
+
+    @property
+    def in_site_packages(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or site_packages is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        """Check whether an entry in the info directory is a file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """Find distutils 'scripts' entries metadata.
+
+        If 'scripts' is supplied in ``setup.py``, distutils records those in the
+        installed distribution's ``scripts`` directory, a file for each script.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        """Read a file in the info directory.
+
+        :raise FileNotFoundError: If ``path`` does not exist in the directory.
+        :raise NoneMetadataError: If ``path`` exists in the info directory, but
+            cannot be read.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def _metadata_cached(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        # When we drop python 3.7 support, move this to the metadata property and use
+        # functools.cached_property instead of lru_cache.
+        metadata = self._metadata_impl()
+        self._add_egg_info_requires(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    @property
+    def metadata(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """Metadata of distribution parsed from e.g. METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty message if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        return self._metadata_cached()
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """PEP 566 compliant JSON-serializable representation of METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty dict if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        return msg_to_json(self.metadata)
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_version(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Value of "Metadata-Version:" in distribution metadata, if available."""
+        return self.metadata.get("Metadata-Version")
+
+    @property
+    def raw_name(self) -> str:
+        """Value of "Name:" in distribution metadata."""
+        # The metadata should NEVER be missing the Name: key, but if it somehow
+        # does, fall back to the known canonical name.
+        return self.metadata.get("Name", self.canonical_name)
+
+    @property
+    def requires_python(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        """Value of "Requires-Python:" in distribution metadata.
+
+        If the key does not exist or contains an invalid value, an empty
+        SpecifierSet should be returned.
+        """
+        value = self.metadata.get("Requires-Python")
+        if value is None:
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        try:
+            # Convert to str to satisfy the type checker; this can be a Header object.
+            spec = SpecifierSet(str(value))
+        except InvalidSpecifier as e:
+            message = "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s"
+            logger.warning(message, self.raw_name, e)
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        return spec
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        """Dependencies of this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Requires-Dist:" entries in distribution metadata.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Extras provided by this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Provides-Extra:" entries in distribution metadata.
+
+        The return value of this function is not particularly useful other than
+        display purposes due to backward compatibility issues and the extra
+        names being poorly normalized prior to PEP 685. If you want to perform
+        logic operations on extras, use :func:`is_extra_provided` instead.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def is_extra_provided(self, extra: str) -> bool:
+        """Check whether an extra is provided by this distribution.
+
+        This is needed mostly for compatibility issues with pkg_resources not
+        following the extra normalization rules defined in PEP 685.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_record(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("RECORD")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        # This extra Path-str cast normalizes entries.
+        return (str(pathlib.Path(row[0])) for row in csv.reader(text.splitlines()))
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_legacy(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("installed-files.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        paths = (p for p in text.splitlines(keepends=False) if p)
+        root = self.location
+        info = self.info_location
+        if root is None or info is None:
+            return paths
+        try:
+            info_rel = pathlib.Path(info).relative_to(root)
+        except ValueError:  # info is not relative to root.
+            return paths
+        if not info_rel.parts:  # info *is* root.
+            return paths
+        return (
+            _convert_installed_files_path(pathlib.Path(p).parts, info_rel.parts)
+            for p in paths
+        )
+
+    def iter_declared_entries(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        """Iterate through file entries declared in this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the files listed in the
+        ``RECORD`` metadata file. For legacy setuptools distributions, this
+        comes from ``installed-files.txt``, with entries normalized to be
+        compatible with the format used by ``RECORD``.
+
+        :return: An iterator for listed entries, or None if the distribution
+            contains neither ``RECORD`` nor ``installed-files.txt``.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._iter_declared_entries_from_record()
+            or self._iter_declared_entries_from_legacy()
+        )
+
+    def _iter_requires_txt_entries(self) -> Iterator[RequiresEntry]:
+        """Parse a ``requires.txt`` in an egg-info directory.
+
+        This is an INI-ish format where an egg-info stores dependencies. A
+        section name describes extra other environment markers, while each entry
+        is an arbitrary string (not a key-value pair) representing a dependency
+        as a requirement string (no markers).
+
+        There is a construct in ``importlib.metadata`` called ``Sectioned`` that
+        does mostly the same, but the format is currently considered private.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text("requires.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return
+        extra = marker = ""  # Section-less entries don't have markers.
+        for line in content.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):  # Comment; ignored.
+                continue
+            if line.startswith("[") and line.endswith("]"):  # A section header.
+                extra, _, marker = line.strip("[]").partition(":")
+                continue
+            yield RequiresEntry(requirement=line, extra=extra, marker=marker)
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get extras from the egg-info directory."""
+        known_extras = {""}
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra in known_extras:
+                continue
+            known_extras.add(extra)
+            yield extra
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get distribution dependencies from the egg-info directory.
+
+        To ease parsing, this converts a legacy dependency entry into a PEP 508
+        requirement string. Like ``_iter_requires_txt_entries()``, there is code
+        in ``importlib.metadata`` that does mostly the same, but not do exactly
+        what we need.
+
+        Namely, ``importlib.metadata`` does not normalize the extra name before
+        putting it into the requirement string, which causes marker comparison
+        to fail because the dist-info format do normalize. This is consistent in
+        all currently available PEP 517 backends, although not standardized.
+        """
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra and entry.marker:
+                marker = f'({entry.marker}) and extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif extra:
+                marker = f'extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif entry.marker:
+                marker = entry.marker
+            else:
+                marker = ""
+            if marker:
+                yield f"{entry.requirement} ; {marker}"
+            else:
+                yield entry.requirement
+
+    def _add_egg_info_requires(self, metadata: email.message.Message) -> None:
+        """Add egg-info requires.txt information to the metadata."""
+        if not metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist"):
+            for dep in self._iter_egg_info_dependencies():
+                metadata["Requires-Dist"] = dep
+        if not metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"):
+            for extra in self._iter_egg_info_extras():
+                metadata["Provides-Extra"] = extra
+
+
+class BaseEnvironment:
+    """An environment containing distributions to introspect."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Given a requirement name, return the installed distributions.
+
+        The name may not be normalized. The implementation must canonicalize
+        it for lookup.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Iterate through installed distributions.
+
+        This function should be implemented by subclass, but never called
+        directly. Use the public ``iter_distribution()`` instead, which
+        implements additional logic to make sure the distributions are valid.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_all_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Iterate through all installed distributions without any filtering."""
+        for dist in self._iter_distributions():
+            # Make sure the distribution actually comes from a valid Python
+            # packaging distribution. Pip's AdjacentTempDirectory leaves folders
+            # e.g. ``~atplotlib.dist-info`` if cleanup was interrupted. The
+            # valid project name pattern is taken from PEP 508.
+            project_name_valid = re.match(
+                r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                flags=re.IGNORECASE,
+            )
+            if not project_name_valid:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid distribution %s (%s)",
+                    dist.canonical_name,
+                    dist.location,
+                )
+                continue
+            yield dist
+
+    def iter_installed_distributions(
+        self,
+        local_only: bool = True,
+        skip: Container[str] = stdlib_pkgs,
+        include_editables: bool = True,
+        editables_only: bool = False,
+        user_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Return a list of installed distributions.
+
+        This is based on ``iter_all_distributions()`` with additional filtering
+        options. Note that ``iter_installed_distributions()`` without arguments
+        is *not* equal to ``iter_all_distributions()``, since some of the
+        configurations exclude packages by default.
+
+        :param local_only: If True (default), only return installations
+        local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.
+        :param skip: An iterable of canonicalized project names to ignore;
+            defaults to ``stdlib_pkgs``.
+        :param include_editables: If False, don't report editables.
+        :param editables_only: If True, only report editables.
+        :param user_only: If True, only report installations in the user
+        site directory.
+        """
+        it = self.iter_all_distributions()
+        if local_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.local)
+        if not include_editables:
+            it = (d for d in it if not d.editable)
+        if editables_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.editable)
+        if user_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.in_usersite)
+        return (d for d in it if d.canonical_name not in skip)
+
+
+class Wheel(Protocol):
+    location: str
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FilesystemWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.location, allowZip64=True)
+
+
+class MemoryWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.stream, allowZip64=True)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a779138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from ._dists import Distribution
+from ._envs import Environment
+
+__all__ = ["NAME", "Distribution", "Environment"]
+
+NAME = "importlib"
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..593bff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import importlib.metadata
+from typing import Any, Optional, Protocol, cast
+
+
+class BadMetadata(ValueError):
+    def __init__(self, dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution, *, reason: str) -> None:
+        self.dist = dist
+        self.reason = reason
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Bad metadata in {self.dist} ({self.reason})"
+
+
+class BasePath(Protocol):
+    """A protocol that various path objects conform.
+
+    This exists because importlib.metadata uses both ``pathlib.Path`` and
+    ``zipfile.Path``, and we need a common base for type hints (Union does not
+    work well since ``zipfile.Path`` is too new for our linter setup).
+
+    This does not mean to be exhaustive, but only contains things that present
+    in both classes *that we need*.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> "BasePath":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def get_info_location(d: importlib.metadata.Distribution) -> Optional[BasePath]:
+    """Find the path to the distribution's metadata directory.
+
+    HACK: This relies on importlib.metadata's private ``_path`` attribute. Not
+    all distributions exist on disk, so importlib.metadata is correct to not
+    expose the attribute as public. But pip's code base is old and not as clean,
+    so we do this to avoid having to rewrite too many things. Hopefully we can
+    eliminate this some day.
+    """
+    return getattr(d, "_path", None)
+
+
+def get_dist_name(dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution) -> str:
+    """Get the distribution's project name.
+
+    The ``name`` attribute is only available in Python 3.10 or later. We are
+    targeting exactly that, but Mypy does not know this.
+    """
+    name = cast(Any, dist).name
+    if not isinstance(name, str):
+        raise BadMetadata(dist, reason="invalid metadata entry 'name'")
+    return name
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26370fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+import email.message
+import importlib.metadata
+import os
+import pathlib
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheel, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    BaseEntryPoint,
+    DistributionVersion,
+    InfoPath,
+    Wheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel, read_wheel_metadata_file
+
+from ._compat import BasePath, get_dist_name
+
+
+class WheelDistribution(importlib.metadata.Distribution):
+    """An ``importlib.metadata.Distribution`` read from a wheel.
+
+    Although ``importlib.metadata.PathDistribution`` accepts ``zipfile.Path``,
+    its implementation is too "lazy" for pip's needs (we can't keep the ZipFile
+    handle open for the entire lifetime of the distribution object).
+
+    This implementation eagerly reads the entire metadata directory into the
+    memory instead, and operates from that.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        files: Mapping[pathlib.PurePosixPath, bytes],
+        info_location: pathlib.PurePosixPath,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._files = files
+        self.info_location = info_location
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_zipfile(
+        cls,
+        zf: zipfile.ZipFile,
+        name: str,
+        location: str,
+    ) -> "WheelDistribution":
+        info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(zf, name)
+        paths = (
+            (name, pathlib.PurePosixPath(name.split("/", 1)[-1]))
+            for name in zf.namelist()
+            if name.startswith(f"{info_dir}/")
+        )
+        files = {
+            relpath: read_wheel_metadata_file(zf, fullpath)
+            for fullpath, relpath in paths
+        }
+        info_location = pathlib.PurePosixPath(location, info_dir)
+        return cls(files, info_location)
+
+    def iterdir(self, path: InfoPath) -> Iterator[pathlib.PurePosixPath]:
+        # Only allow iterating through the metadata directory.
+        if pathlib.PurePosixPath(str(path)) in self._files:
+            return iter(self._files)
+        raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def read_text(self, filename: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        try:
+            data = self._files[pathlib.PurePosixPath(filename)]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            text = data.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            wheel = self.info_location.parent
+            error = f"Error decoding metadata for {wheel}: {e} in {filename} file"
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(error)
+        return text
+
+
+class Distribution(BaseDistribution):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution,
+        info_location: Optional[BasePath],
+        installed_location: Optional[BasePath],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._dist = dist
+        self._info_location = info_location
+        self._installed_location = installed_location
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        info_location = pathlib.Path(directory)
+        dist = importlib.metadata.Distribution.at(info_location)
+        return cls(dist, info_location, info_location.parent)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        # Generate temp dir to contain the metadata file, and write the file contents.
+        temp_dir = pathlib.Path(
+            TempDirectory(kind="metadata", globally_managed=True).path
+        )
+        metadata_path = temp_dir / "METADATA"
+        metadata_path.write_bytes(metadata_contents)
+        # Construct dist pointing to the newly created directory.
+        dist = importlib.metadata.Distribution.at(metadata_path.parent)
+        return cls(dist, metadata_path.parent, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: Wheel, name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            with wheel.as_zipfile() as zf:
+                dist = WheelDistribution.from_zipfile(zf, name, wheel.location)
+        except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+            raise InvalidWheel(wheel.location, name) from e
+        except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {e}")
+        return cls(dist, dist.info_location, pathlib.PurePosixPath(wheel.location))
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        return str(self._info_location.parent)
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        return str(self._info_location)
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._installed_location is None:
+            return None
+        return normalize_path(str(self._installed_location))
+
+    def _get_dist_name_from_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Try to get the name from the metadata directory name.
+
+        This is much faster than reading metadata.
+        """
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        stem, suffix = os.path.splitext(self._info_location.name)
+        if suffix not in (".dist-info", ".egg-info"):
+            return None
+        return stem.split("-", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        name = self._get_dist_name_from_location() or get_dist_name(self._dist)
+        return canonicalize_name(name)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> DistributionVersion:
+        return parse_version(self._dist.version)
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        return self._dist.read_text(str(path)) is not None
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        # A distutils installation is always "flat" (not in e.g. egg form), so
+        # if this distribution's info location is NOT a pathlib.Path (but e.g.
+        # zipfile.Path), it can never contain any distutils scripts.
+        if not isinstance(self._info_location, pathlib.Path):
+            return
+        for child in self._info_location.joinpath("scripts").iterdir():
+            yield child.name
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        content = self._dist.read_text(str(path))
+        if content is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        return content
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        # importlib.metadata's EntryPoint structure sasitfies BaseEntryPoint.
+        return self._dist.entry_points
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        # From Python 3.10+, importlib.metadata declares PackageMetadata as the
+        # return type. This protocol is unfortunately a disaster now and misses
+        # a ton of fields that we need, including get() and get_payload(). We
+        # rely on the implementation that the object is actually a Message now,
+        # until upstream can improve the protocol. (python/cpython#94952)
+        return cast(email.message.Message, self._dist.metadata)
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return self.metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra", [])
+
+    def is_extra_provided(self, extra: str) -> bool:
+        return any(
+            canonicalize_name(provided_extra) == canonicalize_name(extra)
+            for provided_extra in self.metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra", [])
+        )
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        contexts: Sequence[Dict[str, str]] = [{"extra": e} for e in extras]
+        for req_string in self.metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", []):
+            req = Requirement(req_string)
+            if not req.marker:
+                yield req
+            elif not extras and req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""}):
+                yield req
+            elif any(req.marker.evaluate(context) for context in contexts):
+                yield req
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..048dc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import functools
+import importlib.metadata
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import zipfile
+import zipimport
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution, BaseEnvironment
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+
+from ._compat import BadMetadata, BasePath, get_dist_name, get_info_location
+from ._dists import Distribution
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _looks_like_wheel(location: str) -> bool:
+    if not location.endswith(WHEEL_EXTENSION):
+        return False
+    if not os.path.isfile(location):
+        return False
+    if not Wheel.wheel_file_re.match(os.path.basename(location)):
+        return False
+    return zipfile.is_zipfile(location)
+
+
+class _DistributionFinder:
+    """Finder to locate distributions.
+
+    The main purpose of this class is to memoize found distributions' names, so
+    only one distribution is returned for each package name. At lot of pip code
+    assumes this (because it is setuptools's behavior), and not doing the same
+    can potentially cause a distribution in lower precedence path to override a
+    higher precedence one if the caller is not careful.
+
+    Eventually we probably want to make it possible to see lower precedence
+    installations as well. It's useful feature, after all.
+    """
+
+    FoundResult = Tuple[importlib.metadata.Distribution, Optional[BasePath]]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._found_names: Set[NormalizedName] = set()
+
+    def _find_impl(self, location: str) -> Iterator[FoundResult]:
+        """Find distributions in a location."""
+        # Skip looking inside a wheel. Since a package inside a wheel is not
+        # always valid (due to .data directories etc.), its .dist-info entry
+        # should not be considered an installed distribution.
+        if _looks_like_wheel(location):
+            return
+        # To know exactly where we find a distribution, we have to feed in the
+        # paths one by one, instead of dumping the list to importlib.metadata.
+        for dist in importlib.metadata.distributions(path=[location]):
+            info_location = get_info_location(dist)
+            try:
+                raw_name = get_dist_name(dist)
+            except BadMetadata as e:
+                logger.warning("Skipping %s due to %s", info_location, e.reason)
+                continue
+            normalized_name = canonicalize_name(raw_name)
+            if normalized_name in self._found_names:
+                continue
+            self._found_names.add(normalized_name)
+            yield dist, info_location
+
+    def find(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find distributions in a location.
+
+        The path can be either a directory, or a ZIP archive.
+        """
+        for dist, info_location in self._find_impl(location):
+            if info_location is None:
+                installed_location: Optional[BasePath] = None
+            else:
+                installed_location = info_location.parent
+            yield Distribution(dist, info_location, installed_location)
+
+    def find_linked(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Read location in egg-link files and return distributions in there.
+
+        The path should be a directory; otherwise this returns nothing. This
+        follows how setuptools does this for compatibility. The first non-empty
+        line in the egg-link is read as a path (resolved against the egg-link's
+        containing directory if relative). Distributions found at that linked
+        location are returned.
+        """
+        path = pathlib.Path(location)
+        if not path.is_dir():
+            return
+        for child in path.iterdir():
+            if child.suffix != ".egg-link":
+                continue
+            with child.open() as f:
+                lines = (line.strip() for line in f)
+                target_rel = next((line for line in lines if line), "")
+            if not target_rel:
+                continue
+            target_location = str(path.joinpath(target_rel))
+            for dist, info_location in self._find_impl(target_location):
+                yield Distribution(dist, info_location, path)
+
+    def _find_eggs_in_dir(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_distributions
+
+        from pip._internal.metadata import pkg_resources as legacy
+
+        with os.scandir(location) as it:
+            for entry in it:
+                if not entry.name.endswith(".egg"):
+                    continue
+                for dist in find_distributions(entry.path):
+                    yield legacy.Distribution(dist)
+
+    def _find_eggs_in_zip(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_eggs_in_zip
+
+        from pip._internal.metadata import pkg_resources as legacy
+
+        try:
+            importer = zipimport.zipimporter(location)
+        except zipimport.ZipImportError:
+            return
+        for dist in find_eggs_in_zip(importer, location):
+            yield legacy.Distribution(dist)
+
+    def find_eggs(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find eggs in a location.
+
+        This actually uses the old *pkg_resources* backend. We likely want to
+        deprecate this so we can eventually remove the *pkg_resources*
+        dependency entirely. Before that, this should first emit a deprecation
+        warning for some versions when using the fallback since importing
+        *pkg_resources* is slow for those who don't need it.
+        """
+        if os.path.isdir(location):
+            yield from self._find_eggs_in_dir(location)
+        if zipfile.is_zipfile(location):
+            yield from self._find_eggs_in_zip(location)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)  # Warn a distribution exactly once.
+def _emit_egg_deprecation(location: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    deprecated(
+        reason=f"Loading egg at {location} is deprecated.",
+        replacement="to use pip for package installation.",
+        gone_in="24.3",
+        issue=12330,
+    )
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    def __init__(self, paths: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+        self._paths = paths
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(sys.path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        if paths is None:
+            return cls(sys.path)
+        return cls(paths)
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        finder = _DistributionFinder()
+        for location in self._paths:
+            yield from finder.find(location)
+            for dist in finder.find_eggs(location):
+                _emit_egg_deprecation(dist.location)
+                yield dist
+            # This must go last because that's how pkg_resources tie-breaks.
+            yield from finder.find_linked(location)
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        matches = (
+            distribution
+            for distribution in self.iter_all_distributions()
+            if distribution.canonical_name == canonicalize_name(name)
+        )
+        return next(matches, None)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb11e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+import email.message
+import email.parser
+import logging
+import os
+import zipfile
+from typing import Collection, Iterable, Iterator, List, Mapping, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor import pkg_resources
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheel, NoneMetadataError, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_location
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import display_path, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel, read_wheel_metadata_file
+
+from .base import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    BaseEntryPoint,
+    BaseEnvironment,
+    DistributionVersion,
+    InfoPath,
+    Wheel,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["NAME", "Distribution", "Environment"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+NAME = "pkg_resources"
+
+
+class EntryPoint(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    value: str
+    group: str
+
+
+class InMemoryMetadata:
+    """IMetadataProvider that reads metadata files from a dictionary.
+
+    This also maps metadata decoding exceptions to our internal exception type.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata: Mapping[str, bytes], wheel_name: str) -> None:
+        self._metadata = metadata
+        self._wheel_name = wheel_name
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return name in self._metadata
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name: str) -> str:
+        try:
+            return self._metadata[name].decode()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            # Augment the default error with the origin of the file.
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(
+                f"Error decoding metadata for {self._wheel_name}: {e} in {name} file"
+            )
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return pkg_resources.yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name: str) -> List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name: str, namespace: str) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class Distribution(BaseDistribution):
+    def __init__(self, dist: pkg_resources.Distribution) -> None:
+        self._dist = dist
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        dist_dir = directory.rstrip(os.sep)
+
+        # Build a PathMetadata object, from path to metadata. :wink:
+        base_dir, dist_dir_name = os.path.split(dist_dir)
+        metadata = pkg_resources.PathMetadata(base_dir, dist_dir)
+
+        # Determine the correct Distribution object type.
+        if dist_dir.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            dist_cls = pkg_resources.Distribution
+            dist_name = os.path.splitext(dist_dir_name)[0]
+        else:
+            assert dist_dir.endswith(".dist-info")
+            dist_cls = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution
+            dist_name = os.path.splitext(dist_dir_name)[0].split("-")[0]
+
+        dist = dist_cls(base_dir, project_name=dist_name, metadata=metadata)
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        metadata_dict = {
+            "METADATA": metadata_contents,
+        }
+        dist = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution(
+            location=filename,
+            metadata=InMemoryMetadata(metadata_dict, filename),
+            project_name=project_name,
+        )
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: Wheel, name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            with wheel.as_zipfile() as zf:
+                info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(zf, name)
+                metadata_dict = {
+                    path.split("/", 1)[-1]: read_wheel_metadata_file(zf, path)
+                    for path in zf.namelist()
+                    if path.startswith(f"{info_dir}/")
+                }
+        except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+            raise InvalidWheel(wheel.location, name) from e
+        except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {e}")
+        dist = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution(
+            location=wheel.location,
+            metadata=InMemoryMetadata(metadata_dict, wheel.location),
+            project_name=name,
+        )
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._dist.location
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        egg_link = egg_link_path_from_location(self.raw_name)
+        if egg_link:
+            location = egg_link
+        elif self.location:
+            location = self.location
+        else:
+            return None
+        return normalize_path(location)
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._dist.egg_info
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        # A distutils-installed distribution is provided by FileMetadata. This
+        # provider has a "path" attribute not present anywhere else. Not the
+        # best introspection logic, but pip has been doing this for a long time.
+        try:
+            return bool(self._dist._provider.path)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return canonicalize_name(self._dist.project_name)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> DistributionVersion:
+        return parse_version(self._dist.version)
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        return self._dist.has_metadata(str(path))
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        yield from self._dist.metadata_listdir("scripts")
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        name = str(path)
+        if not self._dist.has_metadata(name):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(name)
+        content = self._dist.get_metadata(name)
+        if content is None:
+            raise NoneMetadataError(self, name)
+        return content
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        for group, entries in self._dist.get_entry_map().items():
+            for name, entry_point in entries.items():
+                name, _, value = str(entry_point).partition("=")
+                yield EntryPoint(name=name.strip(), value=value.strip(), group=group)
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: if the distribution reports `has_metadata()`
+            True but `get_metadata()` returns None.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self._dist, pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution):
+            metadata_name = "METADATA"
+        else:
+            metadata_name = "PKG-INFO"
+        try:
+            metadata = self.read_text(metadata_name)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if self.location:
+                displaying_path = display_path(self.location)
+            else:
+                displaying_path = repr(self.location)
+            logger.warning("No metadata found in %s", displaying_path)
+            metadata = ""
+        feed_parser = email.parser.FeedParser()
+        feed_parser.feed(metadata)
+        return feed_parser.close()
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        if extras:  # pkg_resources raises on invalid extras, so we sanitize.
+            extras = frozenset(pkg_resources.safe_extra(e) for e in extras)
+            extras = extras.intersection(self._dist.extras)
+        return self._dist.requires(extras)
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return self._dist.extras
+
+    def is_extra_provided(self, extra: str) -> bool:
+        return pkg_resources.safe_extra(extra) in self._dist.extras
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    def __init__(self, ws: pkg_resources.WorkingSet) -> None:
+        self._ws = ws
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(pkg_resources.working_set)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(pkg_resources.WorkingSet(paths))
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        for dist in self._ws:
+            yield Distribution(dist)
+
+    def _search_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find a distribution matching the ``name`` in the environment.
+
+        This searches from *all* distributions available in the environment, to
+        match the behavior of ``pkg_resources.get_distribution()``.
+        """
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        for dist in self.iter_all_distributions():
+            if dist.canonical_name == canonical_name:
+                return dist
+        return None
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # Search the distribution by looking through the working set.
+        dist = self._search_distribution(name)
+        if dist:
+            return dist
+
+        # If distribution could not be found, call working_set.require to
+        # update the working set, and try to find the distribution again.
+        # This might happen for e.g. when you install a package twice, once
+        # using setup.py develop and again using setup.py install. Now when
+        # running pip uninstall twice, the package gets removed from the
+        # working set in the first uninstall, so we have to populate the
+        # working set again so that pip knows about it and the packages gets
+        # picked up and is successfully uninstalled the second time too.
+        try:
+            # We didn't pass in any version specifiers, so this can never
+            # raise pkg_resources.VersionConflict.
+            self._ws.require(name)
+        except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
+            return None
+        return self._search_distribution(name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7855226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""A package that contains models that represent entities.
+"""
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9184a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.models import KeyBasedCompareMixin
+
+
+class InstallationCandidate(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
+    """Represents a potential "candidate" for installation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["name", "version", "link"]
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, version: str, link: Link) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.version = parse_version(version)
+        self.link = link
+
+        super().__init__(
+            key=(self.name, self.version, self.link),
+            defining_class=InstallationCandidate,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<InstallationCandidate({!r}, {!r}, {!r})>".format(
+            self.name,
+            self.version,
+            self.link,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name!r} candidate (version {self.version} at {self.link})"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0af884b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+""" PEP 610 """
+import json
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DirectUrl",
+    "DirectUrlValidationError",
+    "DirInfo",
+    "ArchiveInfo",
+    "VcsInfo",
+]
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME = "direct_url.json"
+ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"^\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\}(:\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\})?$")
+
+
+class DirectUrlValidationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _get(
+    d: Dict[str, Any], expected_type: Type[T], key: str, default: Optional[T] = None
+) -> Optional[T]:
+    """Get value from dictionary and verify expected type."""
+    if key not in d:
+        return default
+    value = d[key]
+    if not isinstance(value, expected_type):
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            f"{value!r} has unexpected type for {key} (expected {expected_type})"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _get_required(
+    d: Dict[str, Any], expected_type: Type[T], key: str, default: Optional[T] = None
+) -> T:
+    value = _get(d, expected_type, key, default)
+    if value is None:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(f"{key} must have a value")
+    return value
+
+
+def _exactly_one_of(infos: Iterable[Optional["InfoType"]]) -> "InfoType":
+    infos = [info for info in infos if info is not None]
+    if not infos:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            "missing one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
+        )
+    if len(infos) > 1:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            "more than one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
+        )
+    assert infos[0] is not None
+    return infos[0]
+
+
+def _filter_none(**kwargs: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Make dict excluding None values."""
+    return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+
+class VcsInfo:
+    name = "vcs_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vcs: str,
+        commit_id: str,
+        requested_revision: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.vcs = vcs
+        self.requested_revision = requested_revision
+        self.commit_id = commit_id
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["VcsInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(
+            vcs=_get_required(d, str, "vcs"),
+            commit_id=_get_required(d, str, "commit_id"),
+            requested_revision=_get(d, str, "requested_revision"),
+        )
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(
+            vcs=self.vcs,
+            requested_revision=self.requested_revision,
+            commit_id=self.commit_id,
+        )
+
+
+class ArchiveInfo:
+    name = "archive_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hash: Optional[str] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # set hashes before hash, since the hash setter will further populate hashes
+        self.hashes = hashes
+        self.hash = hash
+
+    @property
+    def hash(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._hash
+
+    @hash.setter
+    def hash(self, value: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if value is not None:
+            # Auto-populate the hashes key to upgrade to the new format automatically.
+            # We don't back-populate the legacy hash key from hashes.
+            try:
+                hash_name, hash_value = value.split("=", 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+                    f"invalid archive_info.hash format: {value!r}"
+                )
+            if self.hashes is None:
+                self.hashes = {hash_name: hash_value}
+            elif hash_name not in self.hashes:
+                self.hashes = self.hashes.copy()
+                self.hashes[hash_name] = hash_value
+        self._hash = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["ArchiveInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(hash=_get(d, str, "hash"), hashes=_get(d, dict, "hashes"))
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(hash=self.hash, hashes=self.hashes)
+
+
+class DirInfo:
+    name = "dir_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        editable: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.editable = editable
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["DirInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(editable=_get_required(d, bool, "editable", default=False))
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(editable=self.editable or None)
+
+
+InfoType = Union[ArchiveInfo, DirInfo, VcsInfo]
+
+
+class DirectUrl:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        info: InfoType,
+        subdirectory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.url = url
+        self.info = info
+        self.subdirectory = subdirectory
+
+    def _remove_auth_from_netloc(self, netloc: str) -> str:
+        if "@" not in netloc:
+            return netloc
+        user_pass, netloc_no_user_pass = netloc.split("@", 1)
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.info, VcsInfo)
+            and self.info.vcs == "git"
+            and user_pass == "git"
+        ):
+            return netloc
+        if ENV_VAR_RE.match(user_pass):
+            return netloc
+        return netloc_no_user_pass
+
+    @property
+    def redacted_url(self) -> str:
+        """url with user:password part removed unless it is formed with
+        environment variables as specified in PEP 610, or it is ``git``
+        in the case of a git URL.
+        """
+        purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(self.url)
+        netloc = self._remove_auth_from_netloc(purl.netloc)
+        surl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(
+            (purl.scheme, netloc, purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
+        )
+        return surl
+
+    def validate(self) -> None:
+        self.from_dict(self.to_dict())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, d: Dict[str, Any]) -> "DirectUrl":
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=_get_required(d, str, "url"),
+            subdirectory=_get(d, str, "subdirectory"),
+            info=_exactly_one_of(
+                [
+                    ArchiveInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "archive_info")),
+                    DirInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "dir_info")),
+                    VcsInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "vcs_info")),
+                ]
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        res = _filter_none(
+            url=self.redacted_url,
+            subdirectory=self.subdirectory,
+        )
+        res[self.info.name] = self.info._to_dict()
+        return res
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, s: str) -> "DirectUrl":
+        return cls.from_dict(json.loads(s))
+
+    def to_json(self) -> str:
+        return json.dumps(self.to_dict(), sort_keys=True)
+
+    def is_local_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(self.info, DirInfo) and self.info.editable
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccd1127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from typing import FrozenSet, Optional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+
+
+class FormatControl:
+    """Helper for managing formats from which a package can be installed."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["no_binary", "only_binary"]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        no_binary: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+        only_binary: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if no_binary is None:
+            no_binary = set()
+        if only_binary is None:
+            only_binary = set()
+
+        self.no_binary = no_binary
+        self.only_binary = only_binary
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        if self.__slots__ != other.__slots__:
+            return False
+
+        return all(getattr(self, k) == getattr(other, k) for k in self.__slots__)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.no_binary}, {self.only_binary})"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def handle_mutual_excludes(value: str, target: Set[str], other: Set[str]) -> None:
+        if value.startswith("-"):
+            raise CommandError(
+                "--no-binary / --only-binary option requires 1 argument."
+            )
+        new = value.split(",")
+        while ":all:" in new:
+            other.clear()
+            target.clear()
+            target.add(":all:")
+            del new[: new.index(":all:") + 1]
+            # Without a none, we want to discard everything as :all: covers it
+            if ":none:" not in new:
+                return
+        for name in new:
+            if name == ":none:":
+                target.clear()
+                continue
+            name = canonicalize_name(name)
+            other.discard(name)
+            target.add(name)
+
+    def get_allowed_formats(self, canonical_name: str) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+        result = {"binary", "source"}
+        if canonical_name in self.only_binary:
+            result.discard("source")
+        elif canonical_name in self.no_binary:
+            result.discard("binary")
+        elif ":all:" in self.only_binary:
+            result.discard("source")
+        elif ":all:" in self.no_binary:
+            result.discard("binary")
+        return frozenset(result)
+
+    def disallow_binaries(self) -> None:
+        self.handle_mutual_excludes(
+            ":all:",
+            self.no_binary,
+            self.only_binary,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b94c325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
+
+class PackageIndex:
+    """Represents a Package Index and provides easier access to endpoints"""
+
+    __slots__ = ["url", "netloc", "simple_url", "pypi_url", "file_storage_domain"]
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str, file_storage_domain: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.url = url
+        self.netloc = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url).netloc
+        self.simple_url = self._url_for_path("simple")
+        self.pypi_url = self._url_for_path("pypi")
+
+        # This is part of a temporary hack used to block installs of PyPI
+        # packages which depend on external urls only necessary until PyPI can
+        # block such packages themselves
+        self.file_storage_domain = file_storage_domain
+
+    def _url_for_path(self, path: str) -> str:
+        return urllib.parse.urljoin(self.url, path)
+
+
+PyPI = PackageIndex("https://pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="files.pythonhosted.org")
+TestPyPI = PackageIndex(
+    "https://test.pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="test-files.pythonhosted.org"
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9c6330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, Sequence
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import default_environment
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+
+class InstallationReport:
+    def __init__(self, install_requirements: Sequence[InstallRequirement]):
+        self._install_requirements = install_requirements
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _install_req_to_dict(cls, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        assert ireq.download_info, f"No download_info for {ireq}"
+        res = {
+            # PEP 610 json for the download URL. download_info.archive_info.hashes may
+            # be absent when the requirement was installed from the wheel cache
+            # and the cache entry was populated by an older pip version that did not
+            # record origin.json.
+            "download_info": ireq.download_info.to_dict(),
+            # is_direct is true if the requirement was a direct URL reference (which
+            # includes editable requirements), and false if the requirement was
+            # downloaded from a PEP 503 index or --find-links.
+            "is_direct": ireq.is_direct,
+            # is_yanked is true if the requirement was yanked from the index, but
+            # was still selected by pip to conform to PEP 592.
+            "is_yanked": ireq.link.is_yanked if ireq.link else False,
+            # requested is true if the requirement was specified by the user (aka
+            # top level requirement), and false if it was installed as a dependency of a
+            # requirement. https://peps.python.org/pep-0376/#requested
+            "requested": ireq.user_supplied,
+            # PEP 566 json encoding for metadata
+            # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#json-compatible-metadata
+            "metadata": ireq.get_dist().metadata_dict,
+        }
+        if ireq.user_supplied and ireq.extras:
+            # For top level requirements, the list of requested extras, if any.
+            res["requested_extras"] = sorted(ireq.extras)
+        return res
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "version": "1",
+            "pip_version": __version__,
+            "install": [
+                self._install_req_to_dict(ireq) for ireq in self._install_requirements
+            ],
+            # https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#environment-markers
+            # TODO: currently, the resolver uses the default environment to evaluate
+            # environment markers, so that is what we report here. In the future, it
+            # should also take into account options such as --python-version or
+            # --platform, perhaps under the form of an environment_override field?
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11198
+            "environment": default_environment(),
+        }
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73041b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    pairwise,
+    redact_auth_from_url,
+    split_auth_from_netloc,
+    splitext,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.models import KeyBasedCompareMixin
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.collector import IndexContent
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Order matters, earlier hashes have a precedence over later hashes for what
+# we will pick to use.
+_SUPPORTED_HASHES = ("sha512", "sha384", "sha256", "sha224", "sha1", "md5")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LinkHash:
+    """Links to content may have embedded hash values. This class parses those.
+
+    `name` must be any member of `_SUPPORTED_HASHES`.
+
+    This class can be converted to and from `ArchiveInfo`. While ArchiveInfo intends to
+    be JSON-serializable to conform to PEP 610, this class contains the logic for
+    parsing a hash name and value for correctness, and then checking whether that hash
+    conforms to a schema with `.is_hash_allowed()`."""
+
+    name: str
+    value: str
+
+    _hash_url_fragment_re = re.compile(
+        # NB: we do not validate that the second group (.*) is a valid hex
+        # digest. Instead, we simply keep that string in this class, and then check it
+        # against Hashes when hash-checking is needed. This is easier to debug than
+        # proactively discarding an invalid hex digest, as we handle incorrect hashes
+        # and malformed hashes in the same place.
+        r"[#&]({choices})=([^&]*)".format(
+            choices="|".join(re.escape(hash_name) for hash_name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES)
+        ),
+    )
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        assert self.name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES
+
+    @classmethod
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_hash_url_fragment(cls, url: str) -> Optional["LinkHash"]:
+        """Search a string for a checksum algorithm name and encoded output value."""
+        match = cls._hash_url_fragment_re.search(url)
+        if match is None:
+            return None
+        name, value = match.groups()
+        return cls(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        return {self.name: self.value}
+
+    def as_hashes(self) -> Hashes:
+        """Return a Hashes instance which checks only for the current hash."""
+        return Hashes({self.name: [self.value]})
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes: Optional[Hashes]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the current hash is allowed by `hashes`.
+        """
+        if hashes is None:
+            return False
+        return hashes.is_hash_allowed(self.name, hex_digest=self.value)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MetadataFile:
+    """Information about a core metadata file associated with a distribution."""
+
+    hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.hashes is not None:
+            assert all(name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES for name in self.hashes)
+
+
+def supported_hashes(hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]) -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    # Remove any unsupported hash types from the mapping. If this leaves no
+    # supported hashes, return None
+    if hashes is None:
+        return None
+    hashes = {n: v for n, v in hashes.items() if n in _SUPPORTED_HASHES}
+    if not hashes:
+        return None
+    return hashes
+
+
+def _clean_url_path_part(part: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean a "part" of a URL path (i.e. after splitting on "@" characters).
+    """
+    # We unquote prior to quoting to make sure nothing is double quoted.
+    return urllib.parse.quote(urllib.parse.unquote(part))
+
+
+def _clean_file_url_path(part: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean the first part of a URL path that corresponds to a local
+    filesystem path (i.e. the first part after splitting on "@" characters).
+    """
+    # We unquote prior to quoting to make sure nothing is double quoted.
+    # Also, on Windows the path part might contain a drive letter which
+    # should not be quoted. On Linux where drive letters do not
+    # exist, the colon should be quoted. We rely on urllib.request
+    # to do the right thing here.
+    return urllib.request.pathname2url(urllib.request.url2pathname(part))
+
+
+# percent-encoded:                   /
+_reserved_chars_re = re.compile("(@|%2F)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+def _clean_url_path(path: str, is_local_path: bool) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean the path portion of a URL.
+    """
+    if is_local_path:
+        clean_func = _clean_file_url_path
+    else:
+        clean_func = _clean_url_path_part
+
+    # Split on the reserved characters prior to cleaning so that
+    # revision strings in VCS URLs are properly preserved.
+    parts = _reserved_chars_re.split(path)
+
+    cleaned_parts = []
+    for to_clean, reserved in pairwise(itertools.chain(parts, [""])):
+        cleaned_parts.append(clean_func(to_clean))
+        # Normalize %xx escapes (e.g. %2f -> %2F)
+        cleaned_parts.append(reserved.upper())
+
+    return "".join(cleaned_parts)
+
+
+def _ensure_quoted_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Make sure a link is fully quoted.
+    For example, if ' ' occurs in the URL, it will be replaced with "%20",
+    and without double-quoting other characters.
+    """
+    # Split the URL into parts according to the general structure
+    # `scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment`.
+    result = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    # If the netloc is empty, then the URL refers to a local filesystem path.
+    is_local_path = not result.netloc
+    path = _clean_url_path(result.path, is_local_path=is_local_path)
+    return urllib.parse.urlunparse(result._replace(path=path))
+
+
+class Link(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
+    """Represents a parsed link from a Package Index's simple URL"""
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_parsed_url",
+        "_url",
+        "_hashes",
+        "comes_from",
+        "requires_python",
+        "yanked_reason",
+        "metadata_file_data",
+        "cache_link_parsing",
+        "egg_fragment",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[Union[str, "IndexContent"]] = None,
+        requires_python: Optional[str] = None,
+        yanked_reason: Optional[str] = None,
+        metadata_file_data: Optional[MetadataFile] = None,
+        cache_link_parsing: bool = True,
+        hashes: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param url: url of the resource pointed to (href of the link)
+        :param comes_from: instance of IndexContent where the link was found,
+            or string.
+        :param requires_python: String containing the `Requires-Python`
+            metadata field, specified in PEP 345. This may be specified by
+            a data-requires-python attribute in the HTML link tag, as
+            described in PEP 503.
+        :param yanked_reason: the reason the file has been yanked, if the
+            file has been yanked, or None if the file hasn't been yanked.
+            This is the value of the "data-yanked" attribute, if present, in
+            a simple repository HTML link. If the file has been yanked but
+            no reason was provided, this should be the empty string. See
+            PEP 592 for more information and the specification.
+        :param metadata_file_data: the metadata attached to the file, or None if
+            no such metadata is provided. This argument, if not None, indicates
+            that a separate metadata file exists, and also optionally supplies
+            hashes for that file.
+        :param cache_link_parsing: A flag that is used elsewhere to determine
+            whether resources retrieved from this link should be cached. PyPI
+            URLs should generally have this set to False, for example.
+        :param hashes: A mapping of hash names to digests to allow us to
+            determine the validity of a download.
+        """
+
+        # The comes_from, requires_python, and metadata_file_data arguments are
+        # only used by classmethods of this class, and are not used in client
+        # code directly.
+
+        # url can be a UNC windows share
+        if url.startswith("\\\\"):
+            url = path_to_url(url)
+
+        self._parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+        # Store the url as a private attribute to prevent accidentally
+        # trying to set a new value.
+        self._url = url
+
+        link_hash = LinkHash.find_hash_url_fragment(url)
+        hashes_from_link = {} if link_hash is None else link_hash.as_dict()
+        if hashes is None:
+            self._hashes = hashes_from_link
+        else:
+            self._hashes = {**hashes, **hashes_from_link}
+
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.requires_python = requires_python if requires_python else None
+        self.yanked_reason = yanked_reason
+        self.metadata_file_data = metadata_file_data
+
+        super().__init__(key=url, defining_class=Link)
+
+        self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
+        self.egg_fragment = self._egg_fragment()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(
+        cls,
+        file_data: Dict[str, Any],
+        page_url: str,
+    ) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """
+        Convert an pypi json document from a simple repository page into a Link.
+        """
+        file_url = file_data.get("url")
+        if file_url is None:
+            return None
+
+        url = _ensure_quoted_url(urllib.parse.urljoin(page_url, file_url))
+        pyrequire = file_data.get("requires-python")
+        yanked_reason = file_data.get("yanked")
+        hashes = file_data.get("hashes", {})
+
+        # PEP 714: Indexes must use the name core-metadata, but
+        # clients should support the old name as a fallback for compatibility.
+        metadata_info = file_data.get("core-metadata")
+        if metadata_info is None:
+            metadata_info = file_data.get("dist-info-metadata")
+
+        # The metadata info value may be a boolean, or a dict of hashes.
+        if isinstance(metadata_info, dict):
+            # The file exists, and hashes have been supplied
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(supported_hashes(metadata_info))
+        elif metadata_info:
+            # The file exists, but there are no hashes
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+        else:
+            # False or not present: the file does not exist
+            metadata_file_data = None
+
+        # The Link.yanked_reason expects an empty string instead of a boolean.
+        if yanked_reason and not isinstance(yanked_reason, str):
+            yanked_reason = ""
+        # The Link.yanked_reason expects None instead of False.
+        elif not yanked_reason:
+            yanked_reason = None
+
+        return cls(
+            url,
+            comes_from=page_url,
+            requires_python=pyrequire,
+            yanked_reason=yanked_reason,
+            hashes=hashes,
+            metadata_file_data=metadata_file_data,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_element(
+        cls,
+        anchor_attribs: Dict[str, Optional[str]],
+        page_url: str,
+        base_url: str,
+    ) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """
+        Convert an anchor element's attributes in a simple repository page to a Link.
+        """
+        href = anchor_attribs.get("href")
+        if not href:
+            return None
+
+        url = _ensure_quoted_url(urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, href))
+        pyrequire = anchor_attribs.get("data-requires-python")
+        yanked_reason = anchor_attribs.get("data-yanked")
+
+        # PEP 714: Indexes must use the name data-core-metadata, but
+        # clients should support the old name as a fallback for compatibility.
+        metadata_info = anchor_attribs.get("data-core-metadata")
+        if metadata_info is None:
+            metadata_info = anchor_attribs.get("data-dist-info-metadata")
+        # The metadata info value may be the string "true", or a string of
+        # the form "hashname=hashval"
+        if metadata_info == "true":
+            # The file exists, but there are no hashes
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+        elif metadata_info is None:
+            # The file does not exist
+            metadata_file_data = None
+        else:
+            # The file exists, and hashes have been supplied
+            hashname, sep, hashval = metadata_info.partition("=")
+            if sep == "=":
+                metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(supported_hashes({hashname: hashval}))
+            else:
+                # Error - data is wrong. Treat as no hashes supplied.
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Index returned invalid data-dist-info-metadata value: %s",
+                    metadata_info,
+                )
+                metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+
+        return cls(
+            url,
+            comes_from=page_url,
+            requires_python=pyrequire,
+            yanked_reason=yanked_reason,
+            metadata_file_data=metadata_file_data,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.requires_python:
+            rp = f" (requires-python:{self.requires_python})"
+        else:
+            rp = ""
+        if self.comes_from:
+            return f"{redact_auth_from_url(self._url)} (from {self.comes_from}){rp}"
+        else:
+            return redact_auth_from_url(str(self._url))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Link {self}>"
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> str:
+        return self._url
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self) -> str:
+        path = self.path.rstrip("/")
+        name = posixpath.basename(path)
+        if not name:
+            # Make sure we don't leak auth information if the netloc
+            # includes a username and password.
+            netloc, user_pass = split_auth_from_netloc(self.netloc)
+            return netloc
+
+        name = urllib.parse.unquote(name)
+        assert name, f"URL {self._url!r} produced no filename"
+        return name
+
+    @property
+    def file_path(self) -> str:
+        return url_to_path(self.url)
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        return self._parsed_url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        """
+        This can contain auth information.
+        """
+        return self._parsed_url.netloc
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return urllib.parse.unquote(self._parsed_url.path)
+
+    def splitext(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        return splitext(posixpath.basename(self.path.rstrip("/")))
+
+    @property
+    def ext(self) -> str:
+        return self.splitext()[1]
+
+    @property
+    def url_without_fragment(self) -> str:
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = self._parsed_url
+        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+
+    _egg_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]egg=([^&]*)")
+
+    # Per PEP 508.
+    _project_name_re = re.compile(
+        r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$", re.IGNORECASE
+    )
+
+    def _egg_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        match = self._egg_fragment_re.search(self._url)
+        if not match:
+            return None
+
+        # An egg fragment looks like a PEP 508 project name, along with
+        # an optional extras specifier. Anything else is invalid.
+        project_name = match.group(1)
+        if not self._project_name_re.match(project_name):
+            deprecated(
+                reason=f"{self} contains an egg fragment with a non-PEP 508 name",
+                replacement="to use the req @ url syntax, and remove the egg fragment",
+                gone_in="25.0",
+                issue=11617,
+            )
+
+        return project_name
+
+    _subdirectory_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]subdirectory=([^&]*)")
+
+    @property
+    def subdirectory_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        match = self._subdirectory_fragment_re.search(self._url)
+        if not match:
+            return None
+        return match.group(1)
+
+    def metadata_link(self) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """Return a link to the associated core metadata file (if any)."""
+        if self.metadata_file_data is None:
+            return None
+        metadata_url = f"{self.url_without_fragment}.metadata"
+        if self.metadata_file_data.hashes is None:
+            return Link(metadata_url)
+        return Link(metadata_url, hashes=self.metadata_file_data.hashes)
+
+    def as_hashes(self) -> Hashes:
+        return Hashes({k: [v] for k, v in self._hashes.items()})
+
+    @property
+    def hash(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return next(iter(self._hashes.values()), None)
+
+    @property
+    def hash_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return next(iter(self._hashes), None)
+
+    @property
+    def show_url(self) -> str:
+        return posixpath.basename(self._url.split("#", 1)[0].split("?", 1)[0])
+
+    @property
+    def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme == "file"
+
+    def is_existing_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file and os.path.isdir(self.file_path)
+
+    @property
+    def is_wheel(self) -> bool:
+        return self.ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION
+
+    @property
+    def is_vcs(self) -> bool:
+        from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+        return self.scheme in vcs.all_schemes
+
+    @property
+    def is_yanked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.yanked_reason is not None
+
+    @property
+    def has_hash(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._hashes)
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes: Optional[Hashes]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the link has a hash and it is allowed by `hashes`.
+        """
+        if hashes is None:
+            return False
+        return any(hashes.is_hash_allowed(k, v) for k, v in self._hashes.items())
+
+
+class _CleanResult(NamedTuple):
+    """Convert link for equivalency check.
+
+    This is used in the resolver to check whether two URL-specified requirements
+    likely point to the same distribution and can be considered equivalent. This
+    equivalency logic avoids comparing URLs literally, which can be too strict
+    (e.g. "a=1&b=2" vs "b=2&a=1") and produce conflicts unexpecting to users.
+
+    Currently this does three things:
+
+    1. Drop the basic auth part. This is technically wrong since a server can
+       serve different content based on auth, but if it does that, it is even
+       impossible to guarantee two URLs without auth are equivalent, since
+       the user can input different auth information when prompted. So the
+       practical solution is to assume the auth doesn't affect the response.
+    2. Parse the query to avoid the ordering issue. Note that ordering under the
+       same key in the query are NOT cleaned; i.e. "a=1&a=2" and "a=2&a=1" are
+       still considered different.
+    3. Explicitly drop most of the fragment part, except ``subdirectory=`` and
+       hash values, since it should have no impact the downloaded content. Note
+       that this drops the "egg=" part historically used to denote the requested
+       project (and extras), which is wrong in the strictest sense, but too many
+       people are supplying it inconsistently to cause superfluous resolution
+       conflicts, so we choose to also ignore them.
+    """
+
+    parsed: urllib.parse.SplitResult
+    query: Dict[str, List[str]]
+    subdirectory: str
+    hashes: Dict[str, str]
+
+
+def _clean_link(link: Link) -> _CleanResult:
+    parsed = link._parsed_url
+    netloc = parsed.netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1]
+    # According to RFC 8089, an empty host in file: means localhost.
+    if parsed.scheme == "file" and not netloc:
+        netloc = "localhost"
+    fragment = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed.fragment)
+    if "egg" in fragment:
+        logger.debug("Ignoring egg= fragment in %s", link)
+    try:
+        # If there are multiple subdirectory values, use the first one.
+        # This matches the behavior of Link.subdirectory_fragment.
+        subdirectory = fragment["subdirectory"][0]
+    except (IndexError, KeyError):
+        subdirectory = ""
+    # If there are multiple hash values under the same algorithm, use the
+    # first one. This matches the behavior of Link.hash_value.
+    hashes = {k: fragment[k][0] for k in _SUPPORTED_HASHES if k in fragment}
+    return _CleanResult(
+        parsed=parsed._replace(netloc=netloc, query="", fragment=""),
+        query=urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed.query),
+        subdirectory=subdirectory,
+        hashes=hashes,
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def links_equivalent(link1: Link, link2: Link) -> bool:
+    return _clean_link(link1) == _clean_link(link2)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f51190a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""
+For types associated with installation schemes.
+
+For a general overview of available schemes and their context, see
+https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation.
+"""
+
+
+SCHEME_KEYS = ["platlib", "purelib", "headers", "scripts", "data"]
+
+
+class Scheme:
+    """A Scheme holds paths which are used as the base directories for
+    artifacts associated with a Python package.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = SCHEME_KEYS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        platlib: str,
+        purelib: str,
+        headers: str,
+        scripts: str,
+        data: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.platlib = platlib
+        self.purelib = purelib
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.scripts = scripts
+        self.data = data
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe61e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path, redact_auth_from_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SearchScope:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates the locations that pip is configured to search.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["find_links", "index_urls", "no_index"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        find_links: List[str],
+        index_urls: List[str],
+        no_index: bool,
+    ) -> "SearchScope":
+        """
+        Create a SearchScope object after normalizing the `find_links`.
+        """
+        # Build find_links. If an argument starts with ~, it may be
+        # a local file relative to a home directory. So try normalizing
+        # it and if it exists, use the normalized version.
+        # This is deliberately conservative - it might be fine just to
+        # blindly normalize anything starting with a ~...
+        built_find_links: List[str] = []
+        for link in find_links:
+            if link.startswith("~"):
+                new_link = normalize_path(link)
+                if os.path.exists(new_link):
+                    link = new_link
+            built_find_links.append(link)
+
+        # If we don't have TLS enabled, then WARN if anyplace we're looking
+        # relies on TLS.
+        if not has_tls():
+            for link in itertools.chain(index_urls, built_find_links):
+                parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(link)
+                if parsed.scheme == "https":
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "pip is configured with locations that require "
+                        "TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not "
+                        "available."
+                    )
+                    break
+
+        return cls(
+            find_links=built_find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=no_index,
+        )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        find_links: List[str],
+        index_urls: List[str],
+        no_index: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.find_links = find_links
+        self.index_urls = index_urls
+        self.no_index = no_index
+
+    def get_formatted_locations(self) -> str:
+        lines = []
+        redacted_index_urls = []
+        if self.index_urls and self.index_urls != [PyPI.simple_url]:
+            for url in self.index_urls:
+                redacted_index_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+
+                # Parse the URL
+                purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(redacted_index_url)
+
+                # URL is generally invalid if scheme and netloc is missing
+                # there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
+                # is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
+                # always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
+                # exceptions for malformed URLs
+                if not purl.scheme and not purl.netloc:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        'The index url "%s" seems invalid, please provide a scheme.',
+                        redacted_index_url,
+                    )
+
+                redacted_index_urls.append(redacted_index_url)
+
+            lines.append(
+                "Looking in indexes: {}".format(", ".join(redacted_index_urls))
+            )
+
+        if self.find_links:
+            lines.append(
+                "Looking in links: {}".format(
+                    ", ".join(redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in self.find_links)
+                )
+            )
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def get_index_urls_locations(self, project_name: str) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns the locations found via self.index_urls
+
+        Checks the url_name on the main (first in the list) index and
+        use this url_name to produce all locations
+        """
+
+        def mkurl_pypi_url(url: str) -> str:
+            loc = posixpath.join(
+                url, urllib.parse.quote(canonicalize_name(project_name))
+            )
+            # For maximum compatibility with easy_install, ensure the path
+            # ends in a trailing slash.  Although this isn't in the spec
+            # (and PyPI can handle it without the slash) some other index
+            # implementations might break if they relied on easy_install's
+            # behavior.
+            if not loc.endswith("/"):
+                loc = loc + "/"
+            return loc
+
+        return [mkurl_pypi_url(url) for url in self.index_urls]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..977bc4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+
+
+class SelectionPreferences:
+    """
+    Encapsulates the candidate selection preferences for downloading
+    and installing files.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "allow_yanked",
+        "allow_all_prereleases",
+        "format_control",
+        "prefer_binary",
+        "ignore_requires_python",
+    ]
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        format_control: Optional[FormatControl] = None,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Create a SelectionPreferences object.
+
+        :param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
+            of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
+        :param format_control: A FormatControl object or None. Used to control
+            the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
+            the index and links.
+        :param prefer_binary: Whether to prefer an old, but valid, binary
+            dist over a new source dist.
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            "Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if ignore_requires_python is None:
+            ignore_requires_python = False
+
+        self.allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self.allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self.format_control = format_control
+        self.prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67ea5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported, version_info_to_nodot
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+
+
+class TargetPython:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates the properties of a Python interpreter one is targeting
+    for a package install, download, etc.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_given_py_version_info",
+        "abis",
+        "implementation",
+        "platforms",
+        "py_version",
+        "py_version_info",
+        "_valid_tags",
+        "_valid_tags_set",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        platforms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+        abis: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        implementation: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param platforms: A list of strings or None. If None, searches for
+            packages that are supported by the current system. Otherwise, will
+            find packages that can be built on the platforms passed in. These
+            packages will only be downloaded for distribution: they will
+            not be built locally.
+        :param py_version_info: An optional tuple of ints representing the
+            Python version information to use (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
+            This can have length 1, 2, or 3 when provided.
+        :param abis: A list of strings or None. This is passed to
+            compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
+        :param implementation: A string or None. This is passed to
+            compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
+        """
+        # Store the given py_version_info for when we call get_supported().
+        self._given_py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        if py_version_info is None:
+            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        else:
+            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+
+        py_version = ".".join(map(str, py_version_info[:2]))
+
+        self.abis = abis
+        self.implementation = implementation
+        self.platforms = platforms
+        self.py_version = py_version
+        self.py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        # This is used to cache the return value of get_(un)sorted_tags.
+        self._valid_tags: Optional[List[Tag]] = None
+        self._valid_tags_set: Optional[Set[Tag]] = None
+
+    def format_given(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Format the given, non-None attributes for display.
+        """
+        display_version = None
+        if self._given_py_version_info is not None:
+            display_version = ".".join(
+                str(part) for part in self._given_py_version_info
+            )
+
+        key_values = [
+            ("platforms", self.platforms),
+            ("version_info", display_version),
+            ("abis", self.abis),
+            ("implementation", self.implementation),
+        ]
+        return " ".join(
+            f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in key_values if value is not None
+        )
+
+    def get_sorted_tags(self) -> List[Tag]:
+        """
+        Return the supported PEP 425 tags to check wheel candidates against.
+
+        The tags are returned in order of preference (most preferred first).
+        """
+        if self._valid_tags is None:
+            # Pass versions=None if no py_version_info was given since
+            # versions=None uses special default logic.
+            py_version_info = self._given_py_version_info
+            if py_version_info is None:
+                version = None
+            else:
+                version = version_info_to_nodot(py_version_info)
+
+            tags = get_supported(
+                version=version,
+                platforms=self.platforms,
+                abis=self.abis,
+                impl=self.implementation,
+            )
+            self._valid_tags = tags
+
+        return self._valid_tags
+
+    def get_unsorted_tags(self) -> Set[Tag]:
+        """Exactly the same as get_sorted_tags, but returns a set.
+
+        This is important for performance.
+        """
+        if self._valid_tags_set is None:
+            self._valid_tags_set = set(self.get_sorted_tags())
+
+        return self._valid_tags_set
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5dc12b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Represents a wheel file and provides access to the various parts of the
+name that have meaning.
+"""
+import re
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
+
+
+class Wheel:
+    """A wheel file"""
+
+    wheel_file_re = re.compile(
+        r"""^(?P<namever>(?P<name>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<ver>[^\s-]*?))
+        ((-(?P<build>\d[^-]*?))?-(?P<pyver>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<abi>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<plat>[^\s-]+?)
+        \.whl|\.dist-info)$""",
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :raises InvalidWheelFilename: when the filename is invalid for a wheel
+        """
+        wheel_info = self.wheel_file_re.match(filename)
+        if not wheel_info:
+            raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"{filename} is not a valid wheel filename.")
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.name = wheel_info.group("name").replace("_", "-")
+        # we'll assume "_" means "-" due to wheel naming scheme
+        # (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1150)
+        self.version = wheel_info.group("ver").replace("_", "-")
+        self.build_tag = wheel_info.group("build")
+        self.pyversions = wheel_info.group("pyver").split(".")
+        self.abis = wheel_info.group("abi").split(".")
+        self.plats = wheel_info.group("plat").split(".")
+
+        # All the tag combinations from this file
+        self.file_tags = {
+            Tag(x, y, z) for x in self.pyversions for y in self.abis for z in self.plats
+        }
+
+    def get_formatted_file_tags(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Return the wheel's tags as a sorted list of strings."""
+        return sorted(str(tag) for tag in self.file_tags)
+
+    def support_index_min(self, tags: List[Tag]) -> int:
+        """Return the lowest index that one of the wheel's file_tag combinations
+        achieves in the given list of supported tags.
+
+        For example, if there are 8 supported tags and one of the file tags
+        is first in the list, then return 0.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against, in order
+            with most preferred first.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
+            the supported tags.
+        """
+        try:
+            return next(i for i, t in enumerate(tags) if t in self.file_tags)
+        except StopIteration:
+            raise ValueError()
+
+    def find_most_preferred_tag(
+        self, tags: List[Tag], tag_to_priority: Dict[Tag, int]
+    ) -> int:
+        """Return the priority of the most preferred tag that one of the wheel's file
+        tag combinations achieves in the given list of supported tags using the given
+        tag_to_priority mapping, where lower priorities are more-preferred.
+
+        This is used in place of support_index_min in some cases in order to avoid
+        an expensive linear scan of a large list of tags.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
+        :param tag_to_priority: a mapping from tag to priority of that tag, where
+            lower is more preferred.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
+            the supported tags.
+        """
+        return min(
+            tag_to_priority[tag] for tag in self.file_tags if tag in tag_to_priority
+        )
+
+    def supported(self, tags: Iterable[Tag]) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the wheel is compatible with one of the given tags.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
+        """
+        return not self.file_tags.isdisjoint(tags)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51bde9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Contains purely network-related utilities.
+"""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..a5e8d50
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a82fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+"""Network Authentication Helpers
+
+Contains interface (MultiDomainBasicAuth) and associated glue code for
+providing credentials in the context of network requests.
+"""
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from functools import lru_cache
+from os.path import commonprefix
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.auth import AuthBase, HTTPBasicAuth
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.utils import get_netrc_auth
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ask,
+    ask_input,
+    ask_password,
+    remove_auth_from_url,
+    split_auth_netloc_from_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import AuthInfo
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+KEYRING_DISABLED = False
+
+
+class Credentials(NamedTuple):
+    url: str
+    username: str
+    password: str
+
+
+class KeyRingBaseProvider(ABC):
+    """Keyring base provider interface"""
+
+    has_keyring: bool
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        ...
+
+
+class KeyRingNullProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Keyring null provider"""
+
+    has_keyring = False
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        return None
+
+
+class KeyRingPythonProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Keyring interface which uses locally imported `keyring`"""
+
+    has_keyring = True
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        import keyring
+
+        self.keyring = keyring
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        # Support keyring's get_credential interface which supports getting
+        # credentials without a username. This is only available for
+        # keyring>=15.2.0.
+        if hasattr(self.keyring, "get_credential"):
+            logger.debug("Getting credentials from keyring for %s", url)
+            cred = self.keyring.get_credential(url, username)
+            if cred is not None:
+                return cred.username, cred.password
+            return None
+
+        if username is not None:
+            logger.debug("Getting password from keyring for %s", url)
+            password = self.keyring.get_password(url, username)
+            if password:
+                return username, password
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        self.keyring.set_password(url, username, password)
+
+
+class KeyRingCliProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Provider which uses `keyring` cli
+
+    Instead of calling the keyring package installed alongside pip
+    we call keyring on the command line which will enable pip to
+    use which ever installation of keyring is available first in
+    PATH.
+    """
+
+    has_keyring = True
+
+    def __init__(self, cmd: str) -> None:
+        self.keyring = cmd
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        # This is the default implementation of keyring.get_credential
+        # https://github.com/jaraco/keyring/blob/97689324abcf01bd1793d49063e7ca01e03d7d07/keyring/backend.py#L134-L139
+        if username is not None:
+            password = self._get_password(url, username)
+            if password is not None:
+                return username, password
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        return self._set_password(url, username, password)
+
+    def _get_password(self, service_name: str, username: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Mirror the implementation of keyring.get_password using cli"""
+        if self.keyring is None:
+            return None
+
+        cmd = [self.keyring, "get", service_name, username]
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
+        res = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=env,
+        )
+        if res.returncode:
+            return None
+        return res.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip(os.linesep)
+
+    def _set_password(self, service_name: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        """Mirror the implementation of keyring.set_password using cli"""
+        if self.keyring is None:
+            return None
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
+        subprocess.run(
+            [self.keyring, "set", service_name, username],
+            input=f"{password}{os.linesep}".encode("utf-8"),
+            env=env,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def get_keyring_provider(provider: str) -> KeyRingBaseProvider:
+    logger.verbose("Keyring provider requested: %s", provider)
+
+    # keyring has previously failed and been disabled
+    if KEYRING_DISABLED:
+        provider = "disabled"
+    if provider in ["import", "auto"]:
+        try:
+            impl = KeyRingPythonProvider()
+            logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: import")
+            return impl
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # In the event of an unexpected exception
+            # we should warn the user
+            msg = "Installed copy of keyring fails with exception %s"
+            if provider == "auto":
+                msg = msg + ", trying to find a keyring executable as a fallback"
+            logger.warning(msg, exc, exc_info=logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG))
+    if provider in ["subprocess", "auto"]:
+        cli = shutil.which("keyring")
+        if cli and cli.startswith(sysconfig.get_path("scripts")):
+            # all code within this function is stolen from shutil.which implementation
+            @typing.no_type_check
+            def PATH_as_shutil_which_determines_it() -> str:
+                path = os.environ.get("PATH", None)
+                if path is None:
+                    try:
+                        path = os.confstr("CS_PATH")
+                    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+                        # os.confstr() or CS_PATH is not available
+                        path = os.defpath
+                # bpo-35755: Don't use os.defpath if the PATH environment variable is
+                # set to an empty string
+
+                return path
+
+            scripts = Path(sysconfig.get_path("scripts"))
+
+            paths = []
+            for path in PATH_as_shutil_which_determines_it().split(os.pathsep):
+                p = Path(path)
+                try:
+                    if not p.samefile(scripts):
+                        paths.append(path)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+
+            path = os.pathsep.join(paths)
+
+            cli = shutil.which("keyring", path=path)
+
+        if cli:
+            logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: subprocess with executable %s", cli)
+            return KeyRingCliProvider(cli)
+
+    logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: disabled")
+    return KeyRingNullProvider()
+
+
+class MultiDomainBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prompting: bool = True,
+        index_urls: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        keyring_provider: str = "auto",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.prompting = prompting
+        self.index_urls = index_urls
+        self.keyring_provider = keyring_provider  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.passwords: Dict[str, AuthInfo] = {}
+        # When the user is prompted to enter credentials and keyring is
+        # available, we will offer to save them. If the user accepts,
+        # this value is set to the credentials they entered. After the
+        # request authenticates, the caller should call
+        # ``save_credentials`` to save these.
+        self._credentials_to_save: Optional[Credentials] = None
+
+    @property
+    def keyring_provider(self) -> KeyRingBaseProvider:
+        return get_keyring_provider(self._keyring_provider)
+
+    @keyring_provider.setter
+    def keyring_provider(self, provider: str) -> None:
+        # The free function get_keyring_provider has been decorated with
+        # functools.cache. If an exception occurs in get_keyring_auth that
+        # cache will be cleared and keyring disabled, take that into account
+        # if you want to remove this indirection.
+        self._keyring_provider = provider
+
+    @property
+    def use_keyring(self) -> bool:
+        # We won't use keyring when --no-input is passed unless
+        # a specific provider is requested because it might require
+        # user interaction
+        return self.prompting or self._keyring_provider not in ["auto", "disabled"]
+
+    def _get_keyring_auth(
+        self,
+        url: Optional[str],
+        username: Optional[str],
+    ) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        """Return the tuple auth for a given url from keyring."""
+        # Do nothing if no url was provided
+        if not url:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            return self.keyring_provider.get_auth_info(url, username)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Keyring is skipped due to an exception: %s",
+                str(exc),
+            )
+            global KEYRING_DISABLED
+            KEYRING_DISABLED = True
+            get_keyring_provider.cache_clear()
+            return None
+
+    def _get_index_url(self, url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Return the original index URL matching the requested URL.
+
+        Cached or dynamically generated credentials may work against
+        the original index URL rather than just the netloc.
+
+        The provided url should have had its username and password
+        removed already. If the original index url had credentials then
+        they will be included in the return value.
+
+        Returns None if no matching index was found, or if --no-index
+        was specified by the user.
+        """
+        if not url or not self.index_urls:
+            return None
+
+        url = remove_auth_from_url(url).rstrip("/") + "/"
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+
+        candidates = []
+
+        for index in self.index_urls:
+            index = index.rstrip("/") + "/"
+            parsed_index = urllib.parse.urlsplit(remove_auth_from_url(index))
+            if parsed_url == parsed_index:
+                return index
+
+            if parsed_url.netloc != parsed_index.netloc:
+                continue
+
+            candidate = urllib.parse.urlsplit(index)
+            candidates.append(candidate)
+
+        if not candidates:
+            return None
+
+        candidates.sort(
+            reverse=True,
+            key=lambda candidate: commonprefix(
+                [
+                    parsed_url.path,
+                    candidate.path,
+                ]
+            ).rfind("/"),
+        )
+
+        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit(candidates[0])
+
+    def _get_new_credentials(
+        self,
+        original_url: str,
+        *,
+        allow_netrc: bool = True,
+        allow_keyring: bool = False,
+    ) -> AuthInfo:
+        """Find and return credentials for the specified URL."""
+        # Split the credentials and netloc from the url.
+        url, netloc, url_user_password = split_auth_netloc_from_url(
+            original_url,
+        )
+
+        # Start with the credentials embedded in the url
+        username, password = url_user_password
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            logger.debug("Found credentials in url for %s", netloc)
+            return url_user_password
+
+        # Find a matching index url for this request
+        index_url = self._get_index_url(url)
+        if index_url:
+            # Split the credentials from the url.
+            index_info = split_auth_netloc_from_url(index_url)
+            if index_info:
+                index_url, _, index_url_user_password = index_info
+                logger.debug("Found index url %s", index_url)
+
+        # If an index URL was found, try its embedded credentials
+        if index_url and index_url_user_password[0] is not None:
+            username, password = index_url_user_password
+            if username is not None and password is not None:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in index url for %s", netloc)
+                return index_url_user_password
+
+        # Get creds from netrc if we still don't have them
+        if allow_netrc:
+            netrc_auth = get_netrc_auth(original_url)
+            if netrc_auth:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in netrc for %s", netloc)
+                return netrc_auth
+
+        # If we don't have a password and keyring is available, use it.
+        if allow_keyring:
+            # The index url is more specific than the netloc, so try it first
+            # fmt: off
+            kr_auth = (
+                self._get_keyring_auth(index_url, username) or
+                self._get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
+            )
+            # fmt: on
+            if kr_auth:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in keyring for %s", netloc)
+                return kr_auth
+
+        return username, password
+
+    def _get_url_and_credentials(
+        self, original_url: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+        """Return the credentials to use for the provided URL.
+
+        If allowed, netrc and keyring may be used to obtain the
+        correct credentials.
+
+        Returns (url_without_credentials, username, password). Note
+        that even if the original URL contains credentials, this
+        function may return a different username and password.
+        """
+        url, netloc, _ = split_auth_netloc_from_url(original_url)
+
+        # Try to get credentials from original url
+        username, password = self._get_new_credentials(original_url)
+
+        # If credentials not found, use any stored credentials for this netloc.
+        # Do this if either the username or the password is missing.
+        # This accounts for the situation in which the user has specified
+        # the username in the index url, but the password comes from keyring.
+        if (username is None or password is None) and netloc in self.passwords:
+            un, pw = self.passwords[netloc]
+            # It is possible that the cached credentials are for a different username,
+            # in which case the cache should be ignored.
+            if username is None or username == un:
+                username, password = un, pw
+
+        if username is not None or password is not None:
+            # Convert the username and password if they're None, so that
+            # this netloc will show up as "cached" in the conditional above.
+            # Further, HTTPBasicAuth doesn't accept None, so it makes sense to
+            # cache the value that is going to be used.
+            username = username or ""
+            password = password or ""
+
+            # Store any acquired credentials.
+            self.passwords[netloc] = (username, password)
+
+        assert (
+            # Credentials were found
+            (username is not None and password is not None)
+            # Credentials were not found
+            or (username is None and password is None)
+        ), f"Could not load credentials from url: {original_url}"
+
+        return url, username, password
+
+    def __call__(self, req: Request) -> Request:
+        # Get credentials for this request
+        url, username, password = self._get_url_and_credentials(req.url)
+
+        # Set the url of the request to the url without any credentials
+        req.url = url
+
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            # Send the basic auth with this request
+            req = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)(req)
+
+        # Attach a hook to handle 401 responses
+        req.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+
+        return req
+
+    # Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
+    def _prompt_for_password(
+        self, netloc: str
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str], bool]:
+        username = ask_input(f"User for {netloc}: ") if self.prompting else None
+        if not username:
+            return None, None, False
+        if self.use_keyring:
+            auth = self._get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
+            if auth and auth[0] is not None and auth[1] is not None:
+                return auth[0], auth[1], False
+        password = ask_password("Password: ")
+        return username, password, True
+
+    # Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
+    def _should_save_password_to_keyring(self) -> bool:
+        if (
+            not self.prompting
+            or not self.use_keyring
+            or not self.keyring_provider.has_keyring
+        ):
+            return False
+        return ask("Save credentials to keyring [y/N]: ", ["y", "n"]) == "y"
+
+    def handle_401(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        # We only care about 401 responses, anything else we want to just
+        #   pass through the actual response
+        if resp.status_code != 401:
+            return resp
+
+        username, password = None, None
+
+        # Query the keyring for credentials:
+        if self.use_keyring:
+            username, password = self._get_new_credentials(
+                resp.url,
+                allow_netrc=False,
+                allow_keyring=True,
+            )
+
+        # We are not able to prompt the user so simply return the response
+        if not self.prompting and not username and not password:
+            return resp
+
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(resp.url)
+
+        # Prompt the user for a new username and password
+        save = False
+        if not username and not password:
+            username, password, save = self._prompt_for_password(parsed.netloc)
+
+        # Store the new username and password to use for future requests
+        self._credentials_to_save = None
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            self.passwords[parsed.netloc] = (username, password)
+
+            # Prompt to save the password to keyring
+            if save and self._should_save_password_to_keyring():
+                self._credentials_to_save = Credentials(
+                    url=parsed.netloc,
+                    username=username,
+                    password=password,
+                )
+
+        # Consume content and release the original connection to allow our new
+        #   request to reuse the same one.
+        # The result of the assignment isn't used, it's just needed to consume
+        # the content.
+        _ = resp.content
+        resp.raw.release_conn()
+
+        # Add our new username and password to the request
+        req = HTTPBasicAuth(username or "", password or "")(resp.request)
+        req.register_hook("response", self.warn_on_401)
+
+        # On successful request, save the credentials that were used to
+        # keyring. (Note that if the user responded "no" above, this member
+        # is not set and nothing will be saved.)
+        if self._credentials_to_save:
+            req.register_hook("response", self.save_credentials)
+
+        # Send our new request
+        new_resp = resp.connection.send(req, **kwargs)
+        new_resp.history.append(resp)
+
+        return new_resp
+
+    def warn_on_401(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Response callback to warn about incorrect credentials."""
+        if resp.status_code == 401:
+            logger.warning(
+                "401 Error, Credentials not correct for %s",
+                resp.request.url,
+            )
+
+    def save_credentials(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Response callback to save credentials on success."""
+        assert (
+            self.keyring_provider.has_keyring
+        ), "should never reach here without keyring"
+
+        creds = self._credentials_to_save
+        self._credentials_to_save = None
+        if creds and resp.status_code < 400:
+            try:
+                logger.info("Saving credentials to keyring")
+                self.keyring_provider.save_auth_info(
+                    creds.url, creds.username, creds.password
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception("Failed to save credentials")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d0fb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""HTTP cache implementation.
+"""
+
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import BinaryIO, Generator, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches import SeparateBodyFileCache
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
+
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+
+def is_from_cache(response: Response) -> bool:
+    return getattr(response, "from_cache", False)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def suppressed_cache_errors() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """If we can't access the cache then we can just skip caching and process
+    requests as if caching wasn't enabled.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+
+class SafeFileCache(SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+    """
+    A file based cache which is safe to use even when the target directory may
+    not be accessible or writable.
+
+    There is a race condition when two processes try to write and/or read the
+    same entry at the same time, since each entry consists of two separate
+    files (https://github.com/psf/cachecontrol/issues/324).  We therefore have
+    additional logic that makes sure that both files to be present before
+    returning an entry; this fixes the read side of the race condition.
+
+    For the write side, we assume that the server will only ever return the
+    same data for the same URL, which ought to be the case for files pip is
+    downloading.  PyPI does not have a mechanism to swap out a wheel for
+    another wheel, for example.  If this assumption is not true, the
+    CacheControl issue will need to be fixed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, directory: str) -> None:
+        assert directory is not None, "Cache directory must not be None."
+        super().__init__()
+        self.directory = directory
+
+    def _get_cache_path(self, name: str) -> str:
+        # From cachecontrol.caches.file_cache.FileCache._fn, brought into our
+        # class for backwards-compatibility and to avoid using a non-public
+        # method.
+        hashed = SeparateBodyFileCache.encode(name)
+        parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        # The cache entry is only valid if both metadata and body exist.
+        metadata_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        body_path = metadata_path + ".body"
+        if not (os.path.exists(metadata_path) and os.path.exists(body_path)):
+            return None
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            with open(metadata_path, "rb") as f:
+                return f.read()
+
+    def _write(self, path: str, data: bytes) -> None:
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+
+            with adjacent_tmp_file(path) as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            replace(f.name, path)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: Union[int, datetime, None] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        self._write(path, value)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            os.remove(path)
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            os.remove(path + ".body")
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> Optional[BinaryIO]:
+        # The cache entry is only valid if both metadata and body exist.
+        metadata_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        body_path = metadata_path + ".body"
+        if not (os.path.exists(metadata_path) and os.path.exists(body_path)):
+            return None
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            return open(body_path, "rb")
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key) + ".body"
+        self._write(path, body)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1d4354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""Download files with progress indicators.
+"""
+import email.message
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import get_download_progress_renderer
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.network.cache import is_from_cache
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import HEADERS, raise_for_status, response_chunks
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size, redact_auth_from_url, splitext
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_http_response_size(resp: Response) -> Optional[int]:
+    try:
+        return int(resp.headers["content-length"])
+    except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _prepare_download(
+    resp: Response,
+    link: Link,
+    progress_bar: str,
+) -> Iterable[bytes]:
+    total_length = _get_http_response_size(resp)
+
+    if link.netloc == PyPI.file_storage_domain:
+        url = link.show_url
+    else:
+        url = link.url_without_fragment
+
+    logged_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+
+    if total_length:
+        logged_url = f"{logged_url} ({format_size(total_length)})"
+
+    if is_from_cache(resp):
+        logger.info("Using cached %s", logged_url)
+    else:
+        logger.info("Downloading %s", logged_url)
+
+    if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
+        show_progress = False
+    elif is_from_cache(resp):
+        show_progress = False
+    elif not total_length:
+        show_progress = True
+    elif total_length > (40 * 1000):
+        show_progress = True
+    else:
+        show_progress = False
+
+    chunks = response_chunks(resp, CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    if not show_progress:
+        return chunks
+
+    renderer = get_download_progress_renderer(bar_type=progress_bar, size=total_length)
+    return renderer(chunks)
+
+
+def sanitize_content_filename(filename: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Sanitize the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header.
+    """
+    return os.path.basename(filename)
+
+
+def parse_content_disposition(content_disposition: str, default_filename: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Parse the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header, and
+    return the default filename if the result is empty.
+    """
+    m = email.message.Message()
+    m["content-type"] = content_disposition
+    filename = m.get_param("filename")
+    if filename:
+        # We need to sanitize the filename to prevent directory traversal
+        # in case the filename contains ".." path parts.
+        filename = sanitize_content_filename(str(filename))
+    return filename or default_filename
+
+
+def _get_http_response_filename(resp: Response, link: Link) -> str:
+    """Get an ideal filename from the given HTTP response, falling back to
+    the link filename if not provided.
+    """
+    filename = link.filename  # fallback
+    # Have a look at the Content-Disposition header for a better guess
+    content_disposition = resp.headers.get("content-disposition")
+    if content_disposition:
+        filename = parse_content_disposition(content_disposition, filename)
+    ext: Optional[str] = splitext(filename)[1]
+    if not ext:
+        ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(resp.headers.get("content-type", ""))
+        if ext:
+            filename += ext
+    if not ext and link.url != resp.url:
+        ext = os.path.splitext(resp.url)[1]
+        if ext:
+            filename += ext
+    return filename
+
+
+def _http_get_download(session: PipSession, link: Link) -> Response:
+    target_url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+    resp = session.get(target_url, headers=HEADERS, stream=True)
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+    return resp
+
+
+class Downloader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._progress_bar = progress_bar
+
+    def __call__(self, link: Link, location: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """Download the file given by link into location."""
+        try:
+            resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
+        except NetworkConnectionError as e:
+            assert e.response is not None
+            logger.critical(
+                "HTTP error %s while getting %s", e.response.status_code, link
+            )
+            raise
+
+        filename = _get_http_response_filename(resp, link)
+        filepath = os.path.join(location, filename)
+
+        chunks = _prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar)
+        with open(filepath, "wb") as content_file:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                content_file.write(chunk)
+        content_type = resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+        return filepath, content_type
+
+
+class BatchDownloader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._progress_bar = progress_bar
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, links: Iterable[Link], location: str
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[Link, Tuple[str, str]]]:
+        """Download the files given by links into location."""
+        for link in links:
+            try:
+                resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
+            except NetworkConnectionError as e:
+                assert e.response is not None
+                logger.critical(
+                    "HTTP error %s while getting %s",
+                    e.response.status_code,
+                    link,
+                )
+                raise
+
+            filename = _get_http_response_filename(resp, link)
+            filepath = os.path.join(location, filename)
+
+            chunks = _prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar)
+            with open(filepath, "wb") as content_file:
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    content_file.write(chunk)
+            content_type = resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+            yield link, (filepath, content_type)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82ec50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Lazy ZIP over HTTP"""
+
+__all__ = ["HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported", "dist_from_wheel_url"]
+
+from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, MemoryWheel, get_wheel_distribution
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import HEADERS, raise_for_status, response_chunks
+
+
+class HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def dist_from_wheel_url(name: str, url: str, session: PipSession) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Return a distribution object from the given wheel URL.
+
+    This uses HTTP range requests to only fetch the portion of the wheel
+    containing metadata, just enough for the object to be constructed.
+    If such requests are not supported, HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
+    is raised.
+    """
+    with LazyZipOverHTTP(url, session) as zf:
+        # For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs methods read,
+        # seek, seekable and tell, not the whole IO protocol.
+        wheel = MemoryWheel(zf.name, zf)  # type: ignore
+        # After context manager exit, wheel.name
+        # is an invalid file by intention.
+        return get_wheel_distribution(wheel, canonicalize_name(name))
+
+
+class LazyZipOverHTTP:
+    """File-like object mapped to a ZIP file over HTTP.
+
+    This uses HTTP range requests to lazily fetch the file's content,
+    which is supposed to be fed to ZipFile.  If such requests are not
+    supported by the server, raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
+    during initialization.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: str, session: PipSession, chunk_size: int = CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
+    ) -> None:
+        head = session.head(url, headers=HEADERS)
+        raise_for_status(head)
+        assert head.status_code == 200
+        self._session, self._url, self._chunk_size = session, url, chunk_size
+        self._length = int(head.headers["Content-Length"])
+        self._file = NamedTemporaryFile()
+        self.truncate(self._length)
+        self._left: List[int] = []
+        self._right: List[int] = []
+        if "bytes" not in head.headers.get("Accept-Ranges", "none"):
+            raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported("range request is not supported")
+        self._check_zip()
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        """Opening mode, which is always rb."""
+        return "rb"
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """Path to the underlying file."""
+        return self._file.name
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether random access is supported, which is True."""
+        return True
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the file."""
+        self._file.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the file is closed."""
+        return self._file.closed
+
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        """Read up to size bytes from the object and return them.
+
+        As a convenience, if size is unspecified or -1,
+        all bytes until EOF are returned.  Fewer than
+        size bytes may be returned if EOF is reached.
+        """
+        download_size = max(size, self._chunk_size)
+        start, length = self.tell(), self._length
+        stop = length if size < 0 else min(start + download_size, length)
+        start = max(0, stop - download_size)
+        self._download(start, stop - 1)
+        return self._file.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the file is readable, which is True."""
+        return True
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
+        """Change stream position and return the new absolute position.
+
+        Seek to offset relative position indicated by whence:
+        * 0: Start of stream (the default).  pos should be >= 0;
+        * 1: Current position - pos may be negative;
+        * 2: End of stream - pos usually negative.
+        """
+        return self._file.seek(offset, whence)
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        """Return the current position."""
+        return self._file.tell()
+
+    def truncate(self, size: Optional[int] = None) -> int:
+        """Resize the stream to the given size in bytes.
+
+        If size is unspecified resize to the current position.
+        The current stream position isn't changed.
+
+        Return the new file size.
+        """
+        return self._file.truncate(size)
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return False."""
+        return False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "LazyZipOverHTTP":
+        self._file.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc: Any) -> None:
+        self._file.__exit__(*exc)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _stay(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Return a context manager keeping the position.
+
+        At the end of the block, seek back to original position.
+        """
+        pos = self.tell()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.seek(pos)
+
+    def _check_zip(self) -> None:
+        """Check and download until the file is a valid ZIP."""
+        end = self._length - 1
+        for start in reversed(range(0, end, self._chunk_size)):
+            self._download(start, end)
+            with self._stay():
+                try:
+                    # For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs
+                    # methods read, seek, seekable and tell.
+                    ZipFile(self)  # type: ignore
+                except BadZipFile:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+
+    def _stream_response(
+        self, start: int, end: int, base_headers: Dict[str, str] = HEADERS
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Return HTTP response to a range request from start to end."""
+        headers = base_headers.copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+        # TODO: Get range requests to be correctly cached
+        headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
+        return self._session.get(self._url, headers=headers, stream=True)
+
+    def _merge(
+        self, start: int, end: int, left: int, right: int
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[int, int], None, None]:
+        """Return a generator of intervals to be fetched.
+
+        Args:
+            start (int): Start of needed interval
+            end (int): End of needed interval
+            left (int): Index of first overlapping downloaded data
+            right (int): Index after last overlapping downloaded data
+        """
+        lslice, rslice = self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right]
+        i = start = min([start] + lslice[:1])
+        end = max([end] + rslice[-1:])
+        for j, k in zip(lslice, rslice):
+            if j > i:
+                yield i, j - 1
+            i = k + 1
+        if i <= end:
+            yield i, end
+        self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right] = [start], [end]
+
+    def _download(self, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        """Download bytes from start to end inclusively."""
+        with self._stay():
+            left = bisect_left(self._right, start)
+            right = bisect_right(self._left, end)
+            for start, end in self._merge(start, end, left, right):
+                response = self._stream_response(start, end)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                self.seek(start)
+                for chunk in response_chunks(response, self._chunk_size):
+                    self._file.write(chunk)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f17efc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+"""PipSession and supporting code, containing all pip-specific
+network request configuration and behavior.
+"""
+
+import email.utils
+import io
+import ipaddress
+import json
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import urllib.parse
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import requests, urllib3
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol import CacheControlAdapter as _BaseCacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, BaseAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter as _BaseHTTPAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import PreparedRequest, Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.connectionpool import ConnectionPool
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.network.auth import MultiDomainBasicAuth
+from pip._internal.network.cache import SafeFileCache
+
+# Import ssl from compat so the initial import occurs in only one place.
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
+from pip._internal.utils.glibc import libc_ver
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import build_url_from_netloc, parse_netloc
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SecureOrigin = Tuple[str, str, Optional[Union[int, str]]]
+
+
+# Ignore warning raised when using --trusted-host.
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=InsecureRequestWarning)
+
+
+SECURE_ORIGINS: List[SecureOrigin] = [
+    # protocol, hostname, port
+    # Taken from Chrome's list of secure origins (See: http://bit.ly/1qrySKC)
+    ("https", "*", "*"),
+    ("*", "localhost", "*"),
+    ("*", "127.0.0.0/8", "*"),
+    ("*", "::1/128", "*"),
+    ("file", "*", None),
+    # ssh is always secure.
+    ("ssh", "*", "*"),
+]
+
+
+# These are environment variables present when running under various
+# CI systems.  For each variable, some CI systems that use the variable
+# are indicated.  The collection was chosen so that for each of a number
+# of popular systems, at least one of the environment variables is used.
+# This list is used to provide some indication of and lower bound for
+# CI traffic to PyPI.  Thus, it is okay if the list is not comprehensive.
+# For more background, see: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5499
+CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = (
+    # Azure Pipelines
+    "BUILD_BUILDID",
+    # Jenkins
+    "BUILD_ID",
+    # AppVeyor, CircleCI, Codeship, Gitlab CI, Shippable, Travis CI
+    "CI",
+    # Explicit environment variable.
+    "PIP_IS_CI",
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_ci() -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether it looks like pip is running under CI.
+    """
+    # We don't use the method of checking for a tty (e.g. using isatty())
+    # because some CI systems mimic a tty (e.g. Travis CI).  Thus that
+    # method doesn't provide definitive information in either direction.
+    return any(name in os.environ for name in CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES)
+
+
+def user_agent() -> str:
+    """
+    Return a string representing the user agent.
+    """
+    data: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        "installer": {"name": "pip", "version": __version__},
+        "python": platform.python_version(),
+        "implementation": {
+            "name": platform.python_implementation(),
+        },
+    }
+
+    if data["implementation"]["name"] == "CPython":
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "PyPy":
+        pypy_version_info = sys.pypy_version_info  # type: ignore
+        if pypy_version_info.releaselevel == "final":
+            pypy_version_info = pypy_version_info[:3]
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = ".".join(
+            [str(x) for x in pypy_version_info]
+        )
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "Jython":
+        # Complete Guess
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "IronPython":
+        # Complete Guess
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        from pip._vendor import distro
+
+        linux_distribution = distro.name(), distro.version(), distro.codename()
+        distro_infos: Dict[str, Any] = dict(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x[1],
+                zip(["name", "version", "id"], linux_distribution),
+            )
+        )
+        libc = dict(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x[1],
+                zip(["lib", "version"], libc_ver()),
+            )
+        )
+        if libc:
+            distro_infos["libc"] = libc
+        if distro_infos:
+            data["distro"] = distro_infos
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") and platform.mac_ver()[0]:
+        data["distro"] = {"name": "macOS", "version": platform.mac_ver()[0]}
+
+    if platform.system():
+        data.setdefault("system", {})["name"] = platform.system()
+
+    if platform.release():
+        data.setdefault("system", {})["release"] = platform.release()
+
+    if platform.machine():
+        data["cpu"] = platform.machine()
+
+    if has_tls():
+        import _ssl as ssl
+
+        data["openssl_version"] = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
+
+    setuptools_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("setuptools")
+    if setuptools_dist is not None:
+        data["setuptools_version"] = str(setuptools_dist.version)
+
+    if shutil.which("rustc") is not None:
+        # If for any reason `rustc --version` fails, silently ignore it
+        try:
+            rustc_output = subprocess.check_output(
+                ["rustc", "--version"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, timeout=0.5
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if rustc_output.startswith(b"rustc "):
+                # The format of `rustc --version` is:
+                # `b'rustc 1.52.1 (9bc8c42bb 2021-05-09)\n'`
+                # We extract just the middle (1.52.1) part
+                data["rustc_version"] = rustc_output.split(b" ")[1].decode()
+
+    # Use None rather than False so as not to give the impression that
+    # pip knows it is not being run under CI.  Rather, it is a null or
+    # inconclusive result.  Also, we include some value rather than no
+    # value to make it easier to know that the check has been run.
+    data["ci"] = True if looks_like_ci() else None
+
+    user_data = os.environ.get("PIP_USER_AGENT_USER_DATA")
+    if user_data is not None:
+        data["user_data"] = user_data
+
+    return "{data[installer][name]}/{data[installer][version]} {json}".format(
+        data=data,
+        json=json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True),
+    )
+
+
+class LocalFSAdapter(BaseAdapter):
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: Optional[Union[float, Tuple[float, float]]] = None,
+        verify: Union[bool, str] = True,
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]] = None,
+        proxies: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        pathname = url_to_path(request.url)
+
+        resp = Response()
+        resp.status_code = 200
+        resp.url = request.url
+
+        try:
+            stats = os.stat(pathname)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            # format the exception raised as a io.BytesIO object,
+            # to return a better error message:
+            resp.status_code = 404
+            resp.reason = type(exc).__name__
+            resp.raw = io.BytesIO(f"{resp.reason}: {exc}".encode("utf8"))
+        else:
+            modified = email.utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+            content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(pathname)[0] or "text/plain"
+            resp.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+                {
+                    "Content-Type": content_type,
+                    "Content-Length": stats.st_size,
+                    "Last-Modified": modified,
+                }
+            )
+
+            resp.raw = open(pathname, "rb")
+            resp.close = resp.raw.close
+
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class _SSLContextAdapterMixin:
+    """Mixin to add the ``ssl_context`` constructor argument to HTTP adapters.
+
+    The additional argument is forwarded directly to the pool manager. This allows us
+    to dynamically decide what SSL store to use at runtime, which is used to implement
+    the optional ``truststore`` backend.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ssl_context: Optional["SSLContext"] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self,
+        connections: int,
+        maxsize: int,
+        block: bool = DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+        **pool_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "PoolManager":
+        if self._ssl_context is not None:
+            pool_kwargs.setdefault("ssl_context", self._ssl_context)
+        return super().init_poolmanager(  # type: ignore[misc]
+            connections=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class HTTPAdapter(_SSLContextAdapterMixin, _BaseHTTPAdapter):
+    pass
+
+
+class CacheControlAdapter(_SSLContextAdapterMixin, _BaseCacheControlAdapter):
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecureHTTPAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self,
+        conn: ConnectionPool,
+        url: str,
+        verify: Union[bool, str],
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().cert_verify(conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert)
+
+
+class InsecureCacheControlAdapter(CacheControlAdapter):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self,
+        conn: ConnectionPool,
+        url: str,
+        verify: Union[bool, str],
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().cert_verify(conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert)
+
+
+class PipSession(requests.Session):
+    timeout: Optional[int] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        cache: Optional[str] = None,
+        trusted_hosts: Sequence[str] = (),
+        index_urls: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        ssl_context: Optional["SSLContext"] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param trusted_hosts: Domains not to emit warnings for when not using
+            HTTPS.
+        """
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Namespace the attribute with "pip_" just in case to prevent
+        # possible conflicts with the base class.
+        self.pip_trusted_origins: List[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]] = []
+
+        # Attach our User Agent to the request
+        self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
+
+        # Attach our Authentication handler to the session
+        self.auth = MultiDomainBasicAuth(index_urls=index_urls)
+
+        # Create our urllib3.Retry instance which will allow us to customize
+        # how we handle retries.
+        retries = urllib3.Retry(
+            # Set the total number of retries that a particular request can
+            # have.
+            total=retries,
+            # A 503 error from PyPI typically means that the Fastly -> Origin
+            # connection got interrupted in some way. A 503 error in general
+            # is typically considered a transient error so we'll go ahead and
+            # retry it.
+            # A 500 may indicate transient error in Amazon S3
+            # A 502 may be a transient error from a CDN like CloudFlare or CloudFront
+            # A 520 or 527 - may indicate transient error in CloudFlare
+            status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 520, 527],
+            # Add a small amount of back off between failed requests in
+            # order to prevent hammering the service.
+            backoff_factor=0.25,
+        )  # type: ignore
+
+        # Our Insecure HTTPAdapter disables HTTPS validation. It does not
+        # support caching so we'll use it for all http:// URLs.
+        # If caching is disabled, we will also use it for
+        # https:// hosts that we've marked as ignoring
+        # TLS errors for (trusted-hosts).
+        insecure_adapter = InsecureHTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
+
+        # We want to _only_ cache responses on securely fetched origins or when
+        # the host is specified as trusted. We do this because
+        # we can't validate the response of an insecurely/untrusted fetched
+        # origin, and we don't want someone to be able to poison the cache and
+        # require manual eviction from the cache to fix it.
+        if cache:
+            secure_adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
+                cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
+                max_retries=retries,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            )
+            self._trusted_host_adapter = InsecureCacheControlAdapter(
+                cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
+                max_retries=retries,
+            )
+        else:
+            secure_adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries, ssl_context=ssl_context)
+            self._trusted_host_adapter = insecure_adapter
+
+        self.mount("https://", secure_adapter)
+        self.mount("http://", insecure_adapter)
+
+        # Enable file:// urls
+        self.mount("file://", LocalFSAdapter())
+
+        for host in trusted_hosts:
+            self.add_trusted_host(host, suppress_logging=True)
+
+    def update_index_urls(self, new_index_urls: List[str]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param new_index_urls: New index urls to update the authentication
+            handler with.
+        """
+        self.auth.index_urls = new_index_urls
+
+    def add_trusted_host(
+        self, host: str, source: Optional[str] = None, suppress_logging: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param host: It is okay to provide a host that has previously been
+            added.
+        :param source: An optional source string, for logging where the host
+            string came from.
+        """
+        if not suppress_logging:
+            msg = f"adding trusted host: {host!r}"
+            if source is not None:
+                msg += f" (from {source})"
+            logger.info(msg)
+
+        parsed_host, parsed_port = parse_netloc(host)
+        if parsed_host is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Trusted host URL must include a host part: {host!r}")
+        if (parsed_host, parsed_port) not in self.pip_trusted_origins:
+            self.pip_trusted_origins.append((parsed_host, parsed_port))
+
+        self.mount(
+            build_url_from_netloc(host, scheme="http") + "/", self._trusted_host_adapter
+        )
+        self.mount(build_url_from_netloc(host) + "/", self._trusted_host_adapter)
+        if not parsed_port:
+            self.mount(
+                build_url_from_netloc(host, scheme="http") + ":",
+                self._trusted_host_adapter,
+            )
+            # Mount wildcard ports for the same host.
+            self.mount(build_url_from_netloc(host) + ":", self._trusted_host_adapter)
+
+    def iter_secure_origins(self) -> Generator[SecureOrigin, None, None]:
+        yield from SECURE_ORIGINS
+        for host, port in self.pip_trusted_origins:
+            yield ("*", host, "*" if port is None else port)
+
+    def is_secure_origin(self, location: Link) -> bool:
+        # Determine if this url used a secure transport mechanism
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(str(location))
+        origin_protocol, origin_host, origin_port = (
+            parsed.scheme,
+            parsed.hostname,
+            parsed.port,
+        )
+
+        # The protocol to use to see if the protocol matches.
+        # Don't count the repository type as part of the protocol: in
+        # cases such as "git+ssh", only use "ssh". (I.e., Only verify against
+        # the last scheme.)
+        origin_protocol = origin_protocol.rsplit("+", 1)[-1]
+
+        # Determine if our origin is a secure origin by looking through our
+        # hardcoded list of secure origins, as well as any additional ones
+        # configured on this PackageFinder instance.
+        for secure_origin in self.iter_secure_origins():
+            secure_protocol, secure_host, secure_port = secure_origin
+            if origin_protocol != secure_protocol and secure_protocol != "*":
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                addr = ipaddress.ip_address(origin_host or "")
+                network = ipaddress.ip_network(secure_host)
+            except ValueError:
+                # We don't have both a valid address or a valid network, so
+                # we'll check this origin against hostnames.
+                if (
+                    origin_host
+                    and origin_host.lower() != secure_host.lower()
+                    and secure_host != "*"
+                ):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # We have a valid address and network, so see if the address
+                # is contained within the network.
+                if addr not in network:
+                    continue
+
+            # Check to see if the port matches.
+            if (
+                origin_port != secure_port
+                and secure_port != "*"
+                and secure_port is not None
+            ):
+                continue
+
+            # If we've gotten here, then this origin matches the current
+            # secure origin and we should return True
+            return True
+
+        # If we've gotten to this point, then the origin isn't secure and we
+        # will not accept it as a valid location to search. We will however
+        # log a warning that we are ignoring it.
+        logger.warning(
+            "The repository located at %s is not a trusted or secure host and "
+            "is being ignored. If this repository is available via HTTPS we "
+            "recommend you use HTTPS instead, otherwise you may silence "
+            "this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host %s'.",
+            origin_host,
+            origin_host,
+        )
+
+        return False
+
+    def request(self, method: str, url: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        # Allow setting a default timeout on a session
+        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", self.timeout)
+        # Allow setting a default proxies on a session
+        kwargs.setdefault("proxies", self.proxies)
+
+        # Dispatch the actual request
+        return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..134848a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from typing import Dict, Generator
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+
+# The following comments and HTTP headers were originally added by
+# Donald Stufft in git commit 22c562429a61bb77172039e480873fb239dd8c03.
+#
+# We use Accept-Encoding: identity here because requests defaults to
+# accepting compressed responses. This breaks in a variety of ways
+# depending on how the server is configured.
+# - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a compressible file
+#   and will leave the file alone and with an empty Content-Encoding
+# - Some servers will notice that the file is already compressed and
+#   will leave the file alone, adding a Content-Encoding: gzip header
+# - Some servers won't notice anything at all and will take a file
+#   that's already been compressed and compress it again, and set
+#   the Content-Encoding: gzip header
+# By setting this to request only the identity encoding we're hoping
+# to eliminate the third case.  Hopefully there does not exist a server
+# which when given a file will notice it is already compressed and that
+# you're not asking for a compressed file and will then decompress it
+# before sending because if that's the case I don't think it'll ever be
+# possible to make this work.
+HEADERS: Dict[str, str] = {"Accept-Encoding": "identity"}
+
+
+def raise_for_status(resp: Response) -> None:
+    http_error_msg = ""
+    if isinstance(resp.reason, bytes):
+        # We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
+        # choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
+        # isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
+        # encodings.
+        try:
+            reason = resp.reason.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            reason = resp.reason.decode("iso-8859-1")
+    else:
+        reason = resp.reason
+
+    if 400 <= resp.status_code < 500:
+        http_error_msg = (
+            f"{resp.status_code} Client Error: {reason} for url: {resp.url}"
+        )
+
+    elif 500 <= resp.status_code < 600:
+        http_error_msg = (
+            f"{resp.status_code} Server Error: {reason} for url: {resp.url}"
+        )
+
+    if http_error_msg:
+        raise NetworkConnectionError(http_error_msg, response=resp)
+
+
+def response_chunks(
+    response: Response, chunk_size: int = CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    """Given a requests Response, provide the data chunks."""
+    try:
+        # Special case for urllib3.
+        for chunk in response.raw.stream(
+            chunk_size,
+            # We use decode_content=False here because we don't
+            # want urllib3 to mess with the raw bytes we get
+            # from the server. If we decompress inside of
+            # urllib3 then we cannot verify the checksum
+            # because the checksum will be of the compressed
+            # file. This breakage will only occur if the
+            # server adds a Content-Encoding header, which
+            # depends on how the server was configured:
+            # - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a
+            #   compressible file and will leave the file alone
+            #   and with an empty Content-Encoding
+            # - Some servers will notice that the file is
+            #   already compressed and will leave the file
+            #   alone and will add a Content-Encoding: gzip
+            #   header
+            # - Some servers won't notice anything at all and
+            #   will take a file that's already been compressed
+            #   and compress it again and set the
+            #   Content-Encoding: gzip header
+            #
+            # By setting this not to decode automatically we
+            # hope to eliminate problems with the second case.
+            decode_content=False,
+        ):
+            yield chunk
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Standard file-like object.
+        while True:
+            chunk = response.raw.read(chunk_size)
+            if not chunk:
+                break
+            yield chunk
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22ec8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""xmlrpclib.Transport implementation
+"""
+
+import logging
+import urllib.parse
+import xmlrpc.client
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from xmlrpc.client import _HostType, _Marshallable
+
+    from _typeshed import SizedBuffer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PipXmlrpcTransport(xmlrpc.client.Transport):
+    """Provide a `xmlrpclib.Transport` implementation via a `PipSession`
+    object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, index_url: str, session: PipSession, use_datetime: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(use_datetime)
+        index_parts = urllib.parse.urlparse(index_url)
+        self._scheme = index_parts.scheme
+        self._session = session
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        host: "_HostType",
+        handler: str,
+        request_body: "SizedBuffer",
+        verbose: bool = False,
+    ) -> Tuple["_Marshallable", ...]:
+        assert isinstance(host, str)
+        parts = (self._scheme, host, handler, None, None, None)
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(parts)
+        try:
+            headers = {"Content-Type": "text/xml"}
+            response = self._session.post(
+                url,
+                data=request_body,
+                headers=headers,
+                stream=True,
+            )
+            raise_for_status(response)
+            self.verbose = verbose
+            return self.parse_response(response.raw)
+        except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+            assert exc.response
+            logger.critical(
+                "HTTP error %s while getting %s",
+                exc.response.status_code,
+                url,
+            )
+            raise
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3791932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Dict, Generator, Optional, Set, Type, Union
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def update_env_context_manager(**changes: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    target = os.environ
+
+    # Save values from the target and change them.
+    non_existent_marker = object()
+    saved_values: Dict[str, Union[object, str]] = {}
+    for name, new_value in changes.items():
+        try:
+            saved_values[name] = target[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            saved_values[name] = non_existent_marker
+        target[name] = new_value
+
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        # Restore original values in the target.
+        for name, original_value in saved_values.items():
+            if original_value is non_existent_marker:
+                del target[name]
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(original_value, str)  # for mypy
+                target[name] = original_value
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def get_build_tracker() -> Generator["BuildTracker", None, None]:
+    root = os.environ.get("PIP_BUILD_TRACKER")
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as ctx:
+        if root is None:
+            root = ctx.enter_context(TempDirectory(kind="build-tracker")).path
+            ctx.enter_context(update_env_context_manager(PIP_BUILD_TRACKER=root))
+            logger.debug("Initialized build tracking at %s", root)
+
+        with BuildTracker(root) as tracker:
+            yield tracker
+
+
+class TrackerId(str):
+    """Uniquely identifying string provided to the build tracker."""
+
+
+class BuildTracker:
+    """Ensure that an sdist cannot request itself as a setup requirement.
+
+    When an sdist is prepared, it identifies its setup requirements in the
+    context of ``BuildTracker.track()``. If a requirement shows up recursively, this
+    raises an exception.
+
+    This stops fork bombs embedded in malicious packages."""
+
+    def __init__(self, root: str) -> None:
+        self._root = root
+        self._entries: Dict[TrackerId, InstallRequirement] = {}
+        logger.debug("Created build tracker: %s", self._root)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "BuildTracker":
+        logger.debug("Entered build tracker: %s", self._root)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cleanup()
+
+    def _entry_path(self, key: TrackerId) -> str:
+        hashed = hashlib.sha224(key.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return os.path.join(self._root, hashed)
+
+    def add(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: TrackerId) -> None:
+        """Add an InstallRequirement to build tracking."""
+
+        # Get the file to write information about this requirement.
+        entry_path = self._entry_path(key)
+
+        # Try reading from the file. If it exists and can be read from, a build
+        # is already in progress, so a LookupError is raised.
+        try:
+            with open(entry_path) as fp:
+                contents = fp.read()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            message = "{} is already being built: {}".format(req.link, contents)
+            raise LookupError(message)
+
+        # If we're here, req should really not be building already.
+        assert key not in self._entries
+
+        # Start tracking this requirement.
+        with open(entry_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+            fp.write(str(req))
+        self._entries[key] = req
+
+        logger.debug("Added %s to build tracker %r", req, self._root)
+
+    def remove(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: TrackerId) -> None:
+        """Remove an InstallRequirement from build tracking."""
+
+        # Delete the created file and the corresponding entry.
+        os.unlink(self._entry_path(key))
+        del self._entries[key]
+
+        logger.debug("Removed %s from build tracker %r", req, self._root)
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        for key, req in list(self._entries.items()):
+            self.remove(req, key)
+
+        logger.debug("Removed build tracker: %r", self._root)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def track(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Ensure that `key` cannot install itself as a setup requirement.
+
+        :raises LookupError: If `key` was already provided in a parent invocation of
+                             the context introduced by this method."""
+        tracker_id = TrackerId(key)
+        self.add(req, tracker_id)
+        yield
+        self.remove(req, tracker_id)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c66ac35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for source distributions.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+
+def generate_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment, backend: BuildBackendHookCaller, details: str
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using mechanisms described in PEP 517.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    metadata_tmpdir = TempDirectory(kind="modern-metadata", globally_managed=True)
+
+    metadata_dir = metadata_tmpdir.path
+
+    with build_env:
+        # Note that BuildBackendHookCaller implements a fallback for
+        # prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel, so we don't have to
+        # consider the possibility that this hook doesn't exist.
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message("Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml)")
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                distinfo_dir = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(metadata_dir)
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    return os.path.join(metadata_dir, distinfo_dir)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c69f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for source distributions.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+
+def generate_editable_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment, backend: BuildBackendHookCaller, details: str
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using mechanisms described in PEP 660.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    metadata_tmpdir = TempDirectory(kind="modern-metadata", globally_managed=True)
+
+    metadata_dir = metadata_tmpdir.path
+
+    with build_env:
+        # Note that BuildBackendHookCaller implements a fallback for
+        # prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel/editable, so we don't have to
+        # consider the possibility that this hook doesn't exist.
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            "Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                distinfo_dir = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(metadata_dir)
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    return os.path.join(metadata_dir, distinfo_dir)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e60988d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for legacy source distributions.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationError,
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_egg_info_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _find_egg_info(directory: str) -> str:
+    """Find an .egg-info subdirectory in `directory`."""
+    filenames = [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if f.endswith(".egg-info")]
+
+    if not filenames:
+        raise InstallationError(f"No .egg-info directory found in {directory}")
+
+    if len(filenames) > 1:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "More than one .egg-info directory found in {}".format(directory)
+        )
+
+    return os.path.join(directory, filenames[0])
+
+
+def generate_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    source_dir: str,
+    isolated: bool,
+    details: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using setup.py-based defacto mechanisms.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    logger.debug(
+        "Running setup.py (path:%s) egg_info for package %s",
+        setup_py_path,
+        details,
+    )
+
+    egg_info_dir = TempDirectory(kind="pip-egg-info", globally_managed=True).path
+
+    args = make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        egg_info_dir=egg_info_dir,
+        no_user_config=isolated,
+    )
+
+    with build_env:
+        with open_spinner("Preparing metadata (setup.py)") as spinner:
+            try:
+                call_subprocess(
+                    args,
+                    cwd=source_dir,
+                    command_desc="python setup.py egg_info",
+                    spinner=spinner,
+                )
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    # Return the .egg-info directory.
+    return _find_egg_info(egg_info_dir)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..064811a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_wheel_pep517(
+    name: str,
+    backend: BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    metadata_directory: str,
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one InstallRequirement using the PEP 517 build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    assert metadata_directory is not None
+    try:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            f"Building wheel for {name} (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            wheel_name = backend.build_wheel(
+                tempd,
+                metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed building wheel for %s", name)
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719d69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller, HookMissing
+
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_wheel_editable(
+    name: str,
+    backend: BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    metadata_directory: str,
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one InstallRequirement using the PEP 660 build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    assert metadata_directory is not None
+    try:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            f"Building editable for {name} (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                wheel_name = backend.build_editable(
+                    tempd,
+                    metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+                )
+            except HookMissing as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Cannot build editable %s because the build "
+                    "backend does not have the %s hook",
+                    name,
+                    e,
+                )
+                return None
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed building editable for %s", name)
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5f0492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import logging
+import os.path
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess, format_command_args
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def format_command_result(
+    command_args: List[str],
+    command_output: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Format command information for logging."""
+    command_desc = format_command_args(command_args)
+    text = f"Command arguments: {command_desc}\n"
+
+    if not command_output:
+        text += "Command output: None"
+    elif logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.DEBUG:
+        text += "Command output: [use --verbose to show]"
+    else:
+        if not command_output.endswith("\n"):
+            command_output += "\n"
+        text += f"Command output:\n{command_output}"
+
+    return text
+
+
+def get_legacy_build_wheel_path(
+    names: List[str],
+    temp_dir: str,
+    name: str,
+    command_args: List[str],
+    command_output: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Return the path to the wheel in the temporary build directory."""
+    # Sort for determinism.
+    names = sorted(names)
+    if not names:
+        msg = ("Legacy build of wheel for {!r} created no files.\n").format(name)
+        msg += format_command_result(command_args, command_output)
+        logger.warning(msg)
+        return None
+
+    if len(names) > 1:
+        msg = (
+            "Legacy build of wheel for {!r} created more than one file.\n"
+            "Filenames (choosing first): {}\n"
+        ).format(name, names)
+        msg += format_command_result(command_args, command_output)
+        logger.warning(msg)
+
+    return os.path.join(temp_dir, names[0])
+
+
+def build_wheel_legacy(
+    name: str,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    source_dir: str,
+    global_options: List[str],
+    build_options: List[str],
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one unpacked package using the "legacy" build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    wheel_args = make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        build_options=build_options,
+        destination_dir=tempd,
+    )
+
+    spin_message = f"Building wheel for {name} (setup.py)"
+    with open_spinner(spin_message) as spinner:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        try:
+            output = call_subprocess(
+                wheel_args,
+                command_desc="python setup.py bdist_wheel",
+                cwd=source_dir,
+                spinner=spinner,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            spinner.finish("error")
+            logger.error("Failed building wheel for %s", name)
+            return None
+
+        names = os.listdir(tempd)
+        wheel_path = get_legacy_build_wheel_path(
+            names=names,
+            temp_dir=tempd,
+            name=name,
+            command_args=wheel_args,
+            command_output=output,
+        )
+        return wheel_path
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90c6a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Validation of dependencies of packages
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import LegacySpecifier
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion
+
+from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import DistributionVersion
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PackageDetails(NamedTuple):
+    version: DistributionVersion
+    dependencies: List[Requirement]
+
+
+# Shorthands
+PackageSet = Dict[NormalizedName, PackageDetails]
+Missing = Tuple[NormalizedName, Requirement]
+Conflicting = Tuple[NormalizedName, DistributionVersion, Requirement]
+
+MissingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Missing]]
+ConflictingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Conflicting]]
+CheckResult = Tuple[MissingDict, ConflictingDict]
+ConflictDetails = Tuple[PackageSet, CheckResult]
+
+
+def create_package_set_from_installed() -> Tuple[PackageSet, bool]:
+    """Converts a list of distributions into a PackageSet."""
+    package_set = {}
+    problems = False
+    env = get_default_environment()
+    for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False, skip=()):
+        name = dist.canonical_name
+        try:
+            dependencies = list(dist.iter_dependencies())
+            package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, dependencies)
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+            # Don't crash on unreadable or broken metadata.
+            logger.warning("Error parsing requirements for %s: %s", name, e)
+            problems = True
+    return package_set, problems
+
+
+def check_package_set(
+    package_set: PackageSet, should_ignore: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None
+) -> CheckResult:
+    """Check if a package set is consistent
+
+    If should_ignore is passed, it should be a callable that takes a
+    package name and returns a boolean.
+    """
+
+    warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(package_set)
+
+    missing = {}
+    conflicting = {}
+
+    for package_name, package_detail in package_set.items():
+        # Info about dependencies of package_name
+        missing_deps: Set[Missing] = set()
+        conflicting_deps: Set[Conflicting] = set()
+
+        if should_ignore and should_ignore(package_name):
+            continue
+
+        for req in package_detail.dependencies:
+            name = canonicalize_name(req.name)
+
+            # Check if it's missing
+            if name not in package_set:
+                missed = True
+                if req.marker is not None:
+                    missed = req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""})
+                if missed:
+                    missing_deps.add((name, req))
+                continue
+
+            # Check if there's a conflict
+            version = package_set[name].version
+            if not req.specifier.contains(version, prereleases=True):
+                conflicting_deps.add((name, version, req))
+
+        if missing_deps:
+            missing[package_name] = sorted(missing_deps, key=str)
+        if conflicting_deps:
+            conflicting[package_name] = sorted(conflicting_deps, key=str)
+
+    return missing, conflicting
+
+
+def check_install_conflicts(to_install: List[InstallRequirement]) -> ConflictDetails:
+    """For checking if the dependency graph would be consistent after \
+    installing given requirements
+    """
+    # Start from the current state
+    package_set, _ = create_package_set_from_installed()
+    # Install packages
+    would_be_installed = _simulate_installation_of(to_install, package_set)
+
+    # Only warn about directly-dependent packages; create a whitelist of them
+    whitelist = _create_whitelist(would_be_installed, package_set)
+
+    return (
+        package_set,
+        check_package_set(
+            package_set, should_ignore=lambda name: name not in whitelist
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _simulate_installation_of(
+    to_install: List[InstallRequirement], package_set: PackageSet
+) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
+    """Computes the version of packages after installing to_install."""
+    # Keep track of packages that were installed
+    installed = set()
+
+    # Modify it as installing requirement_set would (assuming no errors)
+    for inst_req in to_install:
+        abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(inst_req)
+        dist = abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
+        name = dist.canonical_name
+        package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, list(dist.iter_dependencies()))
+
+        installed.add(name)
+
+    return installed
+
+
+def _create_whitelist(
+    would_be_installed: Set[NormalizedName], package_set: PackageSet
+) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
+    packages_affected = set(would_be_installed)
+
+    for package_name in package_set:
+        if package_name in packages_affected:
+            continue
+
+        for req in package_set[package_name].dependencies:
+            if canonicalize_name(req.name) in packages_affected:
+                packages_affected.add(package_name)
+                break
+
+    return packages_affected
+
+
+def warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(package_set: PackageSet) -> None:
+    for project_name, package_details in package_set.items():
+        if isinstance(package_details.version, LegacyVersion):
+            deprecated(
+                reason=(
+                    f"{project_name} {package_details.version} "
+                    f"has a non-standard version number."
+                ),
+                replacement=(
+                    f"to upgrade to a newer version of {project_name} "
+                    f"or contact the author to suggest that they "
+                    f"release a version with a conforming version number"
+                ),
+                issue=12063,
+                gone_in="24.1",
+            )
+        for dep in package_details.dependencies:
+            if any(isinstance(spec, LegacySpecifier) for spec in dep.specifier):
+                deprecated(
+                    reason=(
+                        f"{project_name} {package_details.version} "
+                        f"has a non-standard dependency specifier {dep}."
+                    ),
+                    replacement=(
+                        f"to upgrade to a newer version of {project_name} "
+                        f"or contact the author to suggest that they "
+                        f"release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers"
+                    ),
+                    issue=12063,
+                    gone_in="24.1",
+                )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3544568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import collections
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Container, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import COMMENT_RE
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class _EditableInfo(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    comments: List[str]
+
+
+def freeze(
+    requirement: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    local_only: bool = False,
+    user_only: bool = False,
+    paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    exclude_editable: bool = False,
+    skip: Container[str] = (),
+) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    installations: Dict[str, FrozenRequirement] = {}
+
+    dists = get_environment(paths).iter_installed_distributions(
+        local_only=local_only,
+        skip=(),
+        user_only=user_only,
+    )
+    for dist in dists:
+        req = FrozenRequirement.from_dist(dist)
+        if exclude_editable and req.editable:
+            continue
+        installations[req.canonical_name] = req
+
+    if requirement:
+        # the options that don't get turned into an InstallRequirement
+        # should only be emitted once, even if the same option is in multiple
+        # requirements files, so we need to keep track of what has been emitted
+        # so that we don't emit it again if it's seen again
+        emitted_options: Set[str] = set()
+        # keep track of which files a requirement is in so that we can
+        # give an accurate warning if a requirement appears multiple times.
+        req_files: Dict[str, List[str]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        for req_file_path in requirement:
+            with open(req_file_path) as req_file:
+                for line in req_file:
+                    if (
+                        not line.strip()
+                        or line.strip().startswith("#")
+                        or line.startswith(
+                            (
+                                "-r",
+                                "--requirement",
+                                "-f",
+                                "--find-links",
+                                "-i",
+                                "--index-url",
+                                "--pre",
+                                "--trusted-host",
+                                "--process-dependency-links",
+                                "--extra-index-url",
+                                "--use-feature",
+                            )
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        line = line.rstrip()
+                        if line not in emitted_options:
+                            emitted_options.add(line)
+                            yield line
+                        continue
+
+                    if line.startswith("-e") or line.startswith("--editable"):
+                        if line.startswith("-e"):
+                            line = line[2:].strip()
+                        else:
+                            line = line[len("--editable") :].strip().lstrip("=")
+                        line_req = install_req_from_editable(
+                            line,
+                            isolated=isolated,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        line_req = install_req_from_line(
+                            COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip(),
+                            isolated=isolated,
+                        )
+
+                    if not line_req.name:
+                        logger.info(
+                            "Skipping line in requirement file [%s] because "
+                            "it's not clear what it would install: %s",
+                            req_file_path,
+                            line.strip(),
+                        )
+                        logger.info(
+                            "  (add #egg=PackageName to the URL to avoid"
+                            " this warning)"
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        line_req_canonical_name = canonicalize_name(line_req.name)
+                        if line_req_canonical_name not in installations:
+                            # either it's not installed, or it is installed
+                            # but has been processed already
+                            if not req_files[line_req.name]:
+                                logger.warning(
+                                    "Requirement file [%s] contains %s, but "
+                                    "package %r is not installed",
+                                    req_file_path,
+                                    COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip(),
+                                    line_req.name,
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                req_files[line_req.name].append(req_file_path)
+                        else:
+                            yield str(installations[line_req_canonical_name]).rstrip()
+                            del installations[line_req_canonical_name]
+                            req_files[line_req.name].append(req_file_path)
+
+        # Warn about requirements that were included multiple times (in a
+        # single requirements file or in different requirements files).
+        for name, files in req_files.items():
+            if len(files) > 1:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Requirement %s included multiple times [%s]",
+                    name,
+                    ", ".join(sorted(set(files))),
+                )
+
+        yield ("## The following requirements were added by pip freeze:")
+    for installation in sorted(installations.values(), key=lambda x: x.name.lower()):
+        if installation.canonical_name not in skip:
+            yield str(installation).rstrip()
+
+
+def _format_as_name_version(dist: BaseDistribution) -> str:
+    dist_version = dist.version
+    if isinstance(dist_version, Version):
+        return f"{dist.raw_name}=={dist_version}"
+    return f"{dist.raw_name}==={dist_version}"
+
+
+def _get_editable_info(dist: BaseDistribution) -> _EditableInfo:
+    """
+    Compute and return values (req, comments) for use in
+    FrozenRequirement.from_dist().
+    """
+    editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+    assert editable_project_location
+    location = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(editable_project_location))
+
+    from pip._internal.vcs import RemoteNotFoundError, RemoteNotValidError, vcs
+
+    vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_dir(location)
+
+    if vcs_backend is None:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        logger.debug(
+            'No VCS found for editable requirement "%s" in: %r',
+            display,
+            location,
+        )
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[f"# Editable install with no version control ({display})"],
+        )
+
+    vcs_name = type(vcs_backend).__name__
+
+    try:
+        req = vcs_backend.get_src_requirement(location, dist.raw_name)
+    except RemoteNotFoundError:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[f"# Editable {vcs_name} install with no remote ({display})"],
+        )
+    except RemoteNotValidError as ex:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[
+                f"# Editable {vcs_name} install ({display}) with either a deleted "
+                f"local remote or invalid URI:",
+                f"# '{ex.url}'",
+            ],
+        )
+    except BadCommand:
+        logger.warning(
+            "cannot determine version of editable source in %s "
+            "(%s command not found in path)",
+            location,
+            vcs_backend.name,
+        )
+        return _EditableInfo(requirement=location, comments=[])
+    except InstallationError as exc:
+        logger.warning("Error when trying to get requirement for VCS system %s", exc)
+    else:
+        return _EditableInfo(requirement=req, comments=[])
+
+    logger.warning("Could not determine repository location of %s", location)
+
+    return _EditableInfo(
+        requirement=location,
+        comments=["## !! Could not determine repository location"],
+    )
+
+
+class FrozenRequirement:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        req: str,
+        editable: bool,
+        comments: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        self.req = req
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.comments = comments
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dist(cls, dist: BaseDistribution) -> "FrozenRequirement":
+        editable = dist.editable
+        if editable:
+            req, comments = _get_editable_info(dist)
+        else:
+            comments = []
+            direct_url = dist.direct_url
+            if direct_url:
+                # if PEP 610 metadata is present, use it
+                req = direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url, dist.raw_name)
+            else:
+                # name==version requirement
+                req = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+
+        return cls(dist.raw_name, req, editable, comments=comments)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        req = self.req
+        if self.editable:
+            req = f"-e {req}"
+        return "\n".join(list(self.comments) + [str(req)]) + "\n"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24d6a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""For modules related to installing packages.
+"""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bebe24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Legacy editable installation process, i.e. `setup.py develop`.
+"""
+import logging
+from typing import Optional, Sequence
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_develop_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def install_editable(
+    *,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    use_user_site: bool,
+    name: str,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    isolated: bool,
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment,
+    unpacked_source_directory: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Install a package in editable mode. Most arguments are pass-through
+    to setuptools.
+    """
+    logger.info("Running setup.py develop for %s", name)
+
+    args = make_setuptools_develop_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        no_user_config=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+        home=home,
+        use_user_site=use_user_site,
+    )
+
+    with indent_log():
+        with build_env:
+            call_subprocess(
+                args,
+                command_desc="python setup.py develop",
+                cwd=unpacked_source_directory,
+            )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f67180c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+"""Support for installing and building the "wheel" binary package format.
+"""
+
+import collections
+import compileall
+import contextlib
+import csv
+import importlib
+import logging
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import warnings
+from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
+from email.message import Message
+from itertools import chain, filterfalse, starmap
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from zipfile import ZipFile, ZipInfo
+
+from pip._vendor.distlib.scripts import ScriptMaker
+from pip._vendor.distlib.util import get_export_entry
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    FilesystemWheel,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME, DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import captured_stdout, ensure_dir, hash_file, partition
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import (
+    current_umask,
+    is_within_directory,
+    set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable,
+    zip_item_is_executable,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    class File(Protocol):
+        src_record_path: "RecordPath"
+        dest_path: str
+        changed: bool
+
+        def save(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+RecordPath = NewType("RecordPath", str)
+InstalledCSVRow = Tuple[RecordPath, str, Union[int, str]]
+
+
+def rehash(path: str, blocksize: int = 1 << 20) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Return (encoded_digest, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()"""
+    h, length = hash_file(path, blocksize)
+    digest = "sha256=" + urlsafe_b64encode(h.digest()).decode("latin1").rstrip("=")
+    return (digest, str(length))
+
+
+def csv_io_kwargs(mode: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return keyword arguments to properly open a CSV file
+    in the given mode.
+    """
+    return {"mode": mode, "newline": "", "encoding": "utf-8"}
+
+
+def fix_script(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Replace #!python with #!/path/to/python
+    Return True if file was changed.
+    """
+    # XXX RECORD hashes will need to be updated
+    assert os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as script:
+        firstline = script.readline()
+        if not firstline.startswith(b"#!python"):
+            return False
+        exename = sys.executable.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        firstline = b"#!" + exename + os.linesep.encode("ascii")
+        rest = script.read()
+    with open(path, "wb") as script:
+        script.write(firstline)
+        script.write(rest)
+    return True
+
+
+def wheel_root_is_purelib(metadata: Message) -> bool:
+    return metadata.get("Root-Is-Purelib", "").lower() == "true"
+
+
+def get_entrypoints(dist: BaseDistribution) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str]]:
+    console_scripts = {}
+    gui_scripts = {}
+    for entry_point in dist.iter_entry_points():
+        if entry_point.group == "console_scripts":
+            console_scripts[entry_point.name] = entry_point.value
+        elif entry_point.group == "gui_scripts":
+            gui_scripts[entry_point.name] = entry_point.value
+    return console_scripts, gui_scripts
+
+
+def message_about_scripts_not_on_PATH(scripts: Sequence[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Determine if any scripts are not on PATH and format a warning.
+    Returns a warning message if one or more scripts are not on PATH,
+    otherwise None.
+    """
+    if not scripts:
+        return None
+
+    # Group scripts by the path they were installed in
+    grouped_by_dir: Dict[str, Set[str]] = collections.defaultdict(set)
+    for destfile in scripts:
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(destfile)
+        script_name = os.path.basename(destfile)
+        grouped_by_dir[parent_dir].add(script_name)
+
+    # We don't want to warn for directories that are on PATH.
+    not_warn_dirs = [
+        os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(i)).rstrip(os.sep)
+        for i in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)
+    ]
+    # If an executable sits with sys.executable, we don't warn for it.
+    #     This covers the case of venv invocations without activating the venv.
+    not_warn_dirs.append(
+        os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(sys.executable)))
+    )
+    warn_for: Dict[str, Set[str]] = {
+        parent_dir: scripts
+        for parent_dir, scripts in grouped_by_dir.items()
+        if os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(parent_dir)) not in not_warn_dirs
+    }
+    if not warn_for:
+        return None
+
+    # Format a message
+    msg_lines = []
+    for parent_dir, dir_scripts in warn_for.items():
+        sorted_scripts: List[str] = sorted(dir_scripts)
+        if len(sorted_scripts) == 1:
+            start_text = f"script {sorted_scripts[0]} is"
+        else:
+            start_text = "scripts {} are".format(
+                ", ".join(sorted_scripts[:-1]) + " and " + sorted_scripts[-1]
+            )
+
+        msg_lines.append(
+            f"The {start_text} installed in '{parent_dir}' which is not on PATH."
+        )
+
+    last_line_fmt = (
+        "Consider adding {} to PATH or, if you prefer "
+        "to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location."
+    )
+    if len(msg_lines) == 1:
+        msg_lines.append(last_line_fmt.format("this directory"))
+    else:
+        msg_lines.append(last_line_fmt.format("these directories"))
+
+    # Add a note if any directory starts with ~
+    warn_for_tilde = any(
+        i[0] == "~" for i in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep) if i
+    )
+    if warn_for_tilde:
+        tilde_warning_msg = (
+            "NOTE: The current PATH contains path(s) starting with `~`, "
+            "which may not be expanded by all applications."
+        )
+        msg_lines.append(tilde_warning_msg)
+
+    # Returns the formatted multiline message
+    return "\n".join(msg_lines)
+
+
+def _normalized_outrows(
+    outrows: Iterable[InstalledCSVRow],
+) -> List[Tuple[str, str, str]]:
+    """Normalize the given rows of a RECORD file.
+
+    Items in each row are converted into str. Rows are then sorted to make
+    the value more predictable for tests.
+
+    Each row is a 3-tuple (path, hash, size) and corresponds to a record of
+    a RECORD file (see PEP 376 and PEP 427 for details).  For the rows
+    passed to this function, the size can be an integer as an int or string,
+    or the empty string.
+    """
+    # Normally, there should only be one row per path, in which case the
+    # second and third elements don't come into play when sorting.
+    # However, in cases in the wild where a path might happen to occur twice,
+    # we don't want the sort operation to trigger an error (but still want
+    # determinism).  Since the third element can be an int or string, we
+    # coerce each element to a string to avoid a TypeError in this case.
+    # For additional background, see--
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5868
+    return sorted(
+        (record_path, hash_, str(size)) for record_path, hash_, size in outrows
+    )
+
+
+def _record_to_fs_path(record_path: RecordPath, lib_dir: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(lib_dir, record_path)
+
+
+def _fs_to_record_path(path: str, lib_dir: str) -> RecordPath:
+    # On Windows, do not handle relative paths if they belong to different
+    # logical disks
+    if os.path.splitdrive(path)[0].lower() == os.path.splitdrive(lib_dir)[0].lower():
+        path = os.path.relpath(path, lib_dir)
+
+    path = path.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+    return cast("RecordPath", path)
+
+
+def get_csv_rows_for_installed(
+    old_csv_rows: List[List[str]],
+    installed: Dict[RecordPath, RecordPath],
+    changed: Set[RecordPath],
+    generated: List[str],
+    lib_dir: str,
+) -> List[InstalledCSVRow]:
+    """
+    :param installed: A map from archive RECORD path to installation RECORD
+        path.
+    """
+    installed_rows: List[InstalledCSVRow] = []
+    for row in old_csv_rows:
+        if len(row) > 3:
+            logger.warning("RECORD line has more than three elements: %s", row)
+        old_record_path = cast("RecordPath", row[0])
+        new_record_path = installed.pop(old_record_path, old_record_path)
+        if new_record_path in changed:
+            digest, length = rehash(_record_to_fs_path(new_record_path, lib_dir))
+        else:
+            digest = row[1] if len(row) > 1 else ""
+            length = row[2] if len(row) > 2 else ""
+        installed_rows.append((new_record_path, digest, length))
+    for f in generated:
+        path = _fs_to_record_path(f, lib_dir)
+        digest, length = rehash(f)
+        installed_rows.append((path, digest, length))
+    return installed_rows + [
+        (installed_record_path, "", "") for installed_record_path in installed.values()
+    ]
+
+
+def get_console_script_specs(console: Dict[str, str]) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Given the mapping from entrypoint name to callable, return the relevant
+    console script specs.
+    """
+    # Don't mutate caller's version
+    console = console.copy()
+
+    scripts_to_generate = []
+
+    # Special case pip and setuptools to generate versioned wrappers
+    #
+    # The issue is that some projects (specifically, pip and setuptools) use
+    # code in setup.py to create "versioned" entry points - pip2.7 on Python
+    # 2.7, pip3.3 on Python 3.3, etc. But these entry points are baked into
+    # the wheel metadata at build time, and so if the wheel is installed with
+    # a *different* version of Python the entry points will be wrong. The
+    # correct fix for this is to enhance the metadata to be able to describe
+    # such versioned entry points, but that won't happen till Metadata 2.0 is
+    # available.
+    # In the meantime, projects using versioned entry points will either have
+    # incorrect versioned entry points, or they will not be able to distribute
+    # "universal" wheels (i.e., they will need a wheel per Python version).
+    #
+    # Because setuptools and pip are bundled with _ensurepip and virtualenv,
+    # we need to use universal wheels. So, as a stopgap until Metadata 2.0, we
+    # override the versioned entry points in the wheel and generate the
+    # correct ones. This code is purely a short-term measure until Metadata 2.0
+    # is available.
+    #
+    # To add the level of hack in this section of code, in order to support
+    # ensurepip this code will look for an ``ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS`` environment
+    # variable which will control which version scripts get installed.
+    #
+    # ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS=altinstall
+    #   - Only pipX.Y and easy_install-X.Y will be generated and installed
+    # ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS=install
+    #   - pipX.Y, pipX, easy_install-X.Y will be generated and installed. Note
+    #     that this option is technically if ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS is set and is
+    #     not altinstall
+    # DEFAULT
+    #   - The default behavior is to install pip, pipX, pipX.Y, easy_install
+    #     and easy_install-X.Y.
+    pip_script = console.pop("pip", None)
+    if pip_script:
+        if "ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS" not in os.environ:
+            scripts_to_generate.append("pip = " + pip_script)
+
+        if os.environ.get("ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS", "") != "altinstall":
+            scripts_to_generate.append(f"pip{sys.version_info[0]} = {pip_script}")
+
+        scripts_to_generate.append(f"pip{get_major_minor_version()} = {pip_script}")
+        # Delete any other versioned pip entry points
+        pip_ep = [k for k in console if re.match(r"pip(\d+(\.\d+)?)?$", k)]
+        for k in pip_ep:
+            del console[k]
+    easy_install_script = console.pop("easy_install", None)
+    if easy_install_script:
+        if "ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS" not in os.environ:
+            scripts_to_generate.append("easy_install = " + easy_install_script)
+
+        scripts_to_generate.append(
+            f"easy_install-{get_major_minor_version()} = {easy_install_script}"
+        )
+        # Delete any other versioned easy_install entry points
+        easy_install_ep = [
+            k for k in console if re.match(r"easy_install(-\d+\.\d+)?$", k)
+        ]
+        for k in easy_install_ep:
+            del console[k]
+
+    # Generate the console entry points specified in the wheel
+    scripts_to_generate.extend(starmap("{} = {}".format, console.items()))
+
+    return scripts_to_generate
+
+
+class ZipBackedFile:
+    def __init__(
+        self, src_record_path: RecordPath, dest_path: str, zip_file: ZipFile
+    ) -> None:
+        self.src_record_path = src_record_path
+        self.dest_path = dest_path
+        self._zip_file = zip_file
+        self.changed = False
+
+    def _getinfo(self) -> ZipInfo:
+        return self._zip_file.getinfo(self.src_record_path)
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        # directory creation is lazy and after file filtering
+        # to ensure we don't install empty dirs; empty dirs can't be
+        # uninstalled.
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(self.dest_path)
+        ensure_dir(parent_dir)
+
+        # When we open the output file below, any existing file is truncated
+        # before we start writing the new contents. This is fine in most
+        # cases, but can cause a segfault if pip has loaded a shared
+        # object (e.g. from pyopenssl through its vendored urllib3)
+        # Since the shared object is mmap'd an attempt to call a
+        # symbol in it will then cause a segfault. Unlinking the file
+        # allows writing of new contents while allowing the process to
+        # continue to use the old copy.
+        if os.path.exists(self.dest_path):
+            os.unlink(self.dest_path)
+
+        zipinfo = self._getinfo()
+
+        with self._zip_file.open(zipinfo) as f:
+            with open(self.dest_path, "wb") as dest:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(f, dest)
+
+        if zip_item_is_executable(zipinfo):
+            set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(self.dest_path)
+
+
+class ScriptFile:
+    def __init__(self, file: "File") -> None:
+        self._file = file
+        self.src_record_path = self._file.src_record_path
+        self.dest_path = self._file.dest_path
+        self.changed = False
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        self._file.save()
+        self.changed = fix_script(self.dest_path)
+
+
+class MissingCallableSuffix(InstallationError):
+    def __init__(self, entry_point: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"Invalid script entry point: {entry_point} - A callable "
+            "suffix is required. Cf https://packaging.python.org/"
+            "specifications/entry-points/#use-for-scripts for more "
+            "information."
+        )
+
+
+def _raise_for_invalid_entrypoint(specification: str) -> None:
+    entry = get_export_entry(specification)
+    if entry is not None and entry.suffix is None:
+        raise MissingCallableSuffix(str(entry))
+
+
+class PipScriptMaker(ScriptMaker):
+    def make(
+        self, specification: str, options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        _raise_for_invalid_entrypoint(specification)
+        return super().make(specification, options)
+
+
+def _install_wheel(
+    name: str,
+    wheel_zip: ZipFile,
+    wheel_path: str,
+    scheme: Scheme,
+    pycompile: bool = True,
+    warn_script_location: bool = True,
+    direct_url: Optional[DirectUrl] = None,
+    requested: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Install a wheel.
+
+    :param name: Name of the project to install
+    :param wheel_zip: open ZipFile for wheel being installed
+    :param scheme: Distutils scheme dictating the install directories
+    :param req_description: String used in place of the requirement, for
+        logging
+    :param pycompile: Whether to byte-compile installed Python files
+    :param warn_script_location: Whether to check that scripts are installed
+        into a directory on PATH
+    :raises UnsupportedWheel:
+        * when the directory holds an unpacked wheel with incompatible
+          Wheel-Version
+        * when the .dist-info dir does not match the wheel
+    """
+    info_dir, metadata = parse_wheel(wheel_zip, name)
+
+    if wheel_root_is_purelib(metadata):
+        lib_dir = scheme.purelib
+    else:
+        lib_dir = scheme.platlib
+
+    # Record details of the files moved
+    #   installed = files copied from the wheel to the destination
+    #   changed = files changed while installing (scripts #! line typically)
+    #   generated = files newly generated during the install (script wrappers)
+    installed: Dict[RecordPath, RecordPath] = {}
+    changed: Set[RecordPath] = set()
+    generated: List[str] = []
+
+    def record_installed(
+        srcfile: RecordPath, destfile: str, modified: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Map archive RECORD paths to installation RECORD paths."""
+        newpath = _fs_to_record_path(destfile, lib_dir)
+        installed[srcfile] = newpath
+        if modified:
+            changed.add(newpath)
+
+    def is_dir_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        return path.endswith("/")
+
+    def assert_no_path_traversal(dest_dir_path: str, target_path: str) -> None:
+        if not is_within_directory(dest_dir_path, target_path):
+            message = (
+                "The wheel {!r} has a file {!r} trying to install"
+                " outside the target directory {!r}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(
+                message.format(wheel_path, target_path, dest_dir_path)
+            )
+
+    def root_scheme_file_maker(
+        zip_file: ZipFile, dest: str
+    ) -> Callable[[RecordPath], "File"]:
+        def make_root_scheme_file(record_path: RecordPath) -> "File":
+            normed_path = os.path.normpath(record_path)
+            dest_path = os.path.join(dest, normed_path)
+            assert_no_path_traversal(dest, dest_path)
+            return ZipBackedFile(record_path, dest_path, zip_file)
+
+        return make_root_scheme_file
+
+    def data_scheme_file_maker(
+        zip_file: ZipFile, scheme: Scheme
+    ) -> Callable[[RecordPath], "File"]:
+        scheme_paths = {key: getattr(scheme, key) for key in SCHEME_KEYS}
+
+        def make_data_scheme_file(record_path: RecordPath) -> "File":
+            normed_path = os.path.normpath(record_path)
+            try:
+                _, scheme_key, dest_subpath = normed_path.split(os.path.sep, 2)
+            except ValueError:
+                message = (
+                    "Unexpected file in {}: {!r}. .data directory contents"
+                    " should be named like: '<scheme key>/<path>'."
+                ).format(wheel_path, record_path)
+                raise InstallationError(message)
+
+            try:
+                scheme_path = scheme_paths[scheme_key]
+            except KeyError:
+                valid_scheme_keys = ", ".join(sorted(scheme_paths))
+                message = (
+                    "Unknown scheme key used in {}: {} (for file {!r}). .data"
+                    " directory contents should be in subdirectories named"
+                    " with a valid scheme key ({})"
+                ).format(wheel_path, scheme_key, record_path, valid_scheme_keys)
+                raise InstallationError(message)
+
+            dest_path = os.path.join(scheme_path, dest_subpath)
+            assert_no_path_traversal(scheme_path, dest_path)
+            return ZipBackedFile(record_path, dest_path, zip_file)
+
+        return make_data_scheme_file
+
+    def is_data_scheme_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        return path.split("/", 1)[0].endswith(".data")
+
+    paths = cast(List[RecordPath], wheel_zip.namelist())
+    file_paths = filterfalse(is_dir_path, paths)
+    root_scheme_paths, data_scheme_paths = partition(is_data_scheme_path, file_paths)
+
+    make_root_scheme_file = root_scheme_file_maker(wheel_zip, lib_dir)
+    files: Iterator[File] = map(make_root_scheme_file, root_scheme_paths)
+
+    def is_script_scheme_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        parts = path.split("/", 2)
+        return len(parts) > 2 and parts[0].endswith(".data") and parts[1] == "scripts"
+
+    other_scheme_paths, script_scheme_paths = partition(
+        is_script_scheme_path, data_scheme_paths
+    )
+
+    make_data_scheme_file = data_scheme_file_maker(wheel_zip, scheme)
+    other_scheme_files = map(make_data_scheme_file, other_scheme_paths)
+    files = chain(files, other_scheme_files)
+
+    # Get the defined entry points
+    distribution = get_wheel_distribution(
+        FilesystemWheel(wheel_path),
+        canonicalize_name(name),
+    )
+    console, gui = get_entrypoints(distribution)
+
+    def is_entrypoint_wrapper(file: "File") -> bool:
+        # EP, EP.exe and EP-script.py are scripts generated for
+        # entry point EP by setuptools
+        path = file.dest_path
+        name = os.path.basename(path)
+        if name.lower().endswith(".exe"):
+            matchname = name[:-4]
+        elif name.lower().endswith("-script.py"):
+            matchname = name[:-10]
+        elif name.lower().endswith(".pya"):
+            matchname = name[:-4]
+        else:
+            matchname = name
+        # Ignore setuptools-generated scripts
+        return matchname in console or matchname in gui
+
+    script_scheme_files: Iterator[File] = map(
+        make_data_scheme_file, script_scheme_paths
+    )
+    script_scheme_files = filterfalse(is_entrypoint_wrapper, script_scheme_files)
+    script_scheme_files = map(ScriptFile, script_scheme_files)
+    files = chain(files, script_scheme_files)
+
+    for file in files:
+        file.save()
+        record_installed(file.src_record_path, file.dest_path, file.changed)
+
+    def pyc_source_file_paths() -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        # We de-duplicate installation paths, since there can be overlap (e.g.
+        # file in .data maps to same location as file in wheel root).
+        # Sorting installation paths makes it easier to reproduce and debug
+        # issues related to permissions on existing files.
+        for installed_path in sorted(set(installed.values())):
+            full_installed_path = os.path.join(lib_dir, installed_path)
+            if not os.path.isfile(full_installed_path):
+                continue
+            if not full_installed_path.endswith(".py"):
+                continue
+            yield full_installed_path
+
+    def pyc_output_path(path: str) -> str:
+        """Return the path the pyc file would have been written to."""
+        return importlib.util.cache_from_source(path)
+
+    # Compile all of the pyc files for the installed files
+    if pycompile:
+        with captured_stdout() as stdout:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
+                for path in pyc_source_file_paths():
+                    success = compileall.compile_file(path, force=True, quiet=True)
+                    if success:
+                        pyc_path = pyc_output_path(path)
+                        assert os.path.exists(pyc_path)
+                        pyc_record_path = cast(
+                            "RecordPath", pyc_path.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+                        )
+                        record_installed(pyc_record_path, pyc_path)
+        logger.debug(stdout.getvalue())
+
+    maker = PipScriptMaker(None, scheme.scripts)
+
+    # Ensure old scripts are overwritten.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1800
+    maker.clobber = True
+
+    # Ensure we don't generate any variants for scripts because this is almost
+    # never what somebody wants.
+    # See https://bitbucket.org/pypa/distlib/issue/35/
+    maker.variants = {""}
+
+    # This is required because otherwise distlib creates scripts that are not
+    # executable.
+    # See https://bitbucket.org/pypa/distlib/issue/32/
+    maker.set_mode = True
+
+    # Generate the console and GUI entry points specified in the wheel
+    scripts_to_generate = get_console_script_specs(console)
+
+    gui_scripts_to_generate = list(starmap("{} = {}".format, gui.items()))
+
+    generated_console_scripts = maker.make_multiple(scripts_to_generate)
+    generated.extend(generated_console_scripts)
+
+    generated.extend(maker.make_multiple(gui_scripts_to_generate, {"gui": True}))
+
+    if warn_script_location:
+        msg = message_about_scripts_not_on_PATH(generated_console_scripts)
+        if msg is not None:
+            logger.warning(msg)
+
+    generated_file_mode = 0o666 & ~current_umask()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _generate_file(path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[BinaryIO, None, None]:
+        with adjacent_tmp_file(path, **kwargs) as f:
+            yield f
+        os.chmod(f.name, generated_file_mode)
+        replace(f.name, path)
+
+    dest_info_dir = os.path.join(lib_dir, info_dir)
+
+    # Record pip as the installer
+    installer_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "INSTALLER")
+    with _generate_file(installer_path) as installer_file:
+        installer_file.write(b"pip\n")
+    generated.append(installer_path)
+
+    # Record the PEP 610 direct URL reference
+    if direct_url is not None:
+        direct_url_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        with _generate_file(direct_url_path) as direct_url_file:
+            direct_url_file.write(direct_url.to_json().encode("utf-8"))
+        generated.append(direct_url_path)
+
+    # Record the REQUESTED file
+    if requested:
+        requested_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "REQUESTED")
+        with open(requested_path, "wb"):
+            pass
+        generated.append(requested_path)
+
+    record_text = distribution.read_text("RECORD")
+    record_rows = list(csv.reader(record_text.splitlines()))
+
+    rows = get_csv_rows_for_installed(
+        record_rows,
+        installed=installed,
+        changed=changed,
+        generated=generated,
+        lib_dir=lib_dir,
+    )
+
+    # Record details of all files installed
+    record_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "RECORD")
+
+    with _generate_file(record_path, **csv_io_kwargs("w")) as record_file:
+        # Explicitly cast to typing.IO[str] as a workaround for the mypy error:
+        # "writer" has incompatible type "BinaryIO"; expected "_Writer"
+        writer = csv.writer(cast("IO[str]", record_file))
+        writer.writerows(_normalized_outrows(rows))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def req_error_context(req_description: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except InstallationError as e:
+        message = f"For req: {req_description}. {e.args[0]}"
+        raise InstallationError(message) from e
+
+
+def install_wheel(
+    name: str,
+    wheel_path: str,
+    scheme: Scheme,
+    req_description: str,
+    pycompile: bool = True,
+    warn_script_location: bool = True,
+    direct_url: Optional[DirectUrl] = None,
+    requested: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    with ZipFile(wheel_path, allowZip64=True) as z:
+        with req_error_context(req_description):
+            _install_wheel(
+                name=name,
+                wheel_zip=z,
+                wheel_path=wheel_path,
+                scheme=scheme,
+                pycompile=pycompile,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                direct_url=direct_url,
+                requested=requested,
+            )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..956717d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py
@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+"""Prepares a distribution for installation
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
+from pip._internal.distributions.installed import InstalledDistribution
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported,
+    HashMismatch,
+    HashUnpinned,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    NetworkConnectionError,
+    VcsHashUnsupported,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_metadata_distribution
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import ArchiveInfo
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.network.download import BatchDownloader, Downloader
+from pip._internal.network.lazy_wheel import (
+    HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported,
+    dist_from_wheel_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import BuildTracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils._log import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import (
+    direct_url_for_editable,
+    direct_url_from_link,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes, MissingHashes
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    display_path,
+    hash_file,
+    hide_url,
+    redact_auth_from_requirement,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import unpack_file
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_prepared_distribution(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+    finder: PackageFinder,
+    build_isolation: bool,
+    check_build_deps: bool,
+) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Prepare a distribution for installation."""
+    abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(req)
+    tracker_id = abstract_dist.build_tracker_id
+    if tracker_id is not None:
+        with build_tracker.track(req, tracker_id):
+            abstract_dist.prepare_distribution_metadata(
+                finder, build_isolation, check_build_deps
+            )
+    return abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
+
+
+def unpack_vcs_link(link: Link, location: str, verbosity: int) -> None:
+    vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
+    assert vcs_backend is not None
+    vcs_backend.unpack(location, url=hide_url(link.url), verbosity=verbosity)
+
+
+class File:
+    def __init__(self, path: str, content_type: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        if content_type is None:
+            self.content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(path)[0]
+        else:
+            self.content_type = content_type
+
+
+def get_http_url(
+    link: Link,
+    download: Downloader,
+    download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+) -> File:
+    temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="unpack", globally_managed=True)
+    # If a download dir is specified, is the file already downloaded there?
+    already_downloaded_path = None
+    if download_dir:
+        already_downloaded_path = _check_download_dir(link, download_dir, hashes)
+
+    if already_downloaded_path:
+        from_path = already_downloaded_path
+        content_type = None
+    else:
+        # let's download to a tmp dir
+        from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
+        if hashes:
+            hashes.check_against_path(from_path)
+
+    return File(from_path, content_type)
+
+
+def get_file_url(
+    link: Link, download_dir: Optional[str] = None, hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None
+) -> File:
+    """Get file and optionally check its hash."""
+    # If a download dir is specified, is the file already there and valid?
+    already_downloaded_path = None
+    if download_dir:
+        already_downloaded_path = _check_download_dir(link, download_dir, hashes)
+
+    if already_downloaded_path:
+        from_path = already_downloaded_path
+    else:
+        from_path = link.file_path
+
+    # If --require-hashes is off, `hashes` is either empty, the
+    # link's embedded hash, or MissingHashes; it is required to
+    # match. If --require-hashes is on, we are satisfied by any
+    # hash in `hashes` matching: a URL-based or an option-based
+    # one; no internet-sourced hash will be in `hashes`.
+    if hashes:
+        hashes.check_against_path(from_path)
+    return File(from_path, None)
+
+
+def unpack_url(
+    link: Link,
+    location: str,
+    download: Downloader,
+    verbosity: int,
+    download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+) -> Optional[File]:
+    """Unpack link into location, downloading if required.
+
+    :param hashes: A Hashes object, one of whose embedded hashes must match,
+        or HashMismatch will be raised. If the Hashes is empty, no matches are
+        required, and unhashable types of requirements (like VCS ones, which
+        would ordinarily raise HashUnsupported) are allowed.
+    """
+    # non-editable vcs urls
+    if link.is_vcs:
+        unpack_vcs_link(link, location, verbosity=verbosity)
+        return None
+
+    assert not link.is_existing_dir()
+
+    # file urls
+    if link.is_file:
+        file = get_file_url(link, download_dir, hashes=hashes)
+
+    # http urls
+    else:
+        file = get_http_url(
+            link,
+            download,
+            download_dir,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    # unpack the archive to the build dir location. even when only downloading
+    # archives, they have to be unpacked to parse dependencies, except wheels
+    if not link.is_wheel:
+        unpack_file(file.path, location, file.content_type)
+
+    return file
+
+
+def _check_download_dir(
+    link: Link,
+    download_dir: str,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes],
+    warn_on_hash_mismatch: bool = True,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Check download_dir for previously downloaded file with correct hash
+    If a correct file is found return its path else None
+    """
+    download_path = os.path.join(download_dir, link.filename)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(download_path):
+        return None
+
+    # If already downloaded, does its hash match?
+    logger.info("File was already downloaded %s", download_path)
+    if hashes:
+        try:
+            hashes.check_against_path(download_path)
+        except HashMismatch:
+            if warn_on_hash_mismatch:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Previously-downloaded file %s has bad hash. Re-downloading.",
+                    download_path,
+                )
+            os.unlink(download_path)
+            return None
+    return download_path
+
+
+class RequirementPreparer:
+    """Prepares a Requirement"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        build_dir: str,
+        download_dir: Optional[str],
+        src_dir: str,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+        build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        require_hashes: bool,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        lazy_wheel: bool,
+        verbosity: int,
+        legacy_resolver: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.src_dir = src_dir
+        self.build_dir = build_dir
+        self.build_tracker = build_tracker
+        self._session = session
+        self._download = Downloader(session, progress_bar)
+        self._batch_download = BatchDownloader(session, progress_bar)
+        self.finder = finder
+
+        # Where still-packed archives should be written to. If None, they are
+        # not saved, and are deleted immediately after unpacking.
+        self.download_dir = download_dir
+
+        # Is build isolation allowed?
+        self.build_isolation = build_isolation
+
+        # Should check build dependencies?
+        self.check_build_deps = check_build_deps
+
+        # Should hash-checking be required?
+        self.require_hashes = require_hashes
+
+        # Should install in user site-packages?
+        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
+
+        # Should wheels be downloaded lazily?
+        self.use_lazy_wheel = lazy_wheel
+
+        # How verbose should underlying tooling be?
+        self.verbosity = verbosity
+
+        # Are we using the legacy resolver?
+        self.legacy_resolver = legacy_resolver
+
+        # Memoized downloaded files, as mapping of url: path.
+        self._downloaded: Dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        # Previous "header" printed for a link-based InstallRequirement
+        self._previous_requirement_header = ("", "")
+
+    def _log_preparing_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """Provide context for the requirement being prepared."""
+        if req.link.is_file and not req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            message = "Processing %s"
+            information = str(display_path(req.link.file_path))
+        else:
+            message = "Collecting %s"
+            information = redact_auth_from_requirement(req.req) if req.req else str(req)
+
+        # If we used req.req, inject requirement source if available (this
+        # would already be included if we used req directly)
+        if req.req and req.comes_from:
+            if isinstance(req.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from: Optional[str] = req.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = req.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                information += f" (from {comes_from})"
+
+        if (message, information) != self._previous_requirement_header:
+            self._previous_requirement_header = (message, information)
+            logger.info(message, information)
+
+        if req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            with indent_log():
+                logger.info("Using cached %s", req.link.filename)
+
+    def _ensure_link_req_src_dir(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure source_dir of a linked InstallRequirement."""
+        # Since source_dir is only set for editable requirements.
+        if req.link.is_wheel:
+            # We don't need to unpack wheels, so no need for a source
+            # directory.
+            return
+        assert req.source_dir is None
+        if req.link.is_existing_dir():
+            # build local directories in-tree
+            req.source_dir = req.link.file_path
+            return
+
+        # We always delete unpacked sdists after pip runs.
+        req.ensure_has_source_dir(
+            self.build_dir,
+            autodelete=True,
+            parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+        )
+        req.ensure_pristine_source_checkout()
+
+    def _get_linked_req_hashes(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Hashes:
+        # By the time this is called, the requirement's link should have
+        # been checked so we can tell what kind of requirements req is
+        # and raise some more informative errors than otherwise.
+        # (For example, we can raise VcsHashUnsupported for a VCS URL
+        # rather than HashMissing.)
+        if not self.require_hashes:
+            return req.hashes(trust_internet=True)
+
+        # We could check these first 2 conditions inside unpack_url
+        # and save repetition of conditions, but then we would
+        # report less-useful error messages for unhashable
+        # requirements, complaining that there's no hash provided.
+        if req.link.is_vcs:
+            raise VcsHashUnsupported()
+        if req.link.is_existing_dir():
+            raise DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported()
+
+        # Unpinned packages are asking for trouble when a new version
+        # is uploaded.  This isn't a security check, but it saves users
+        # a surprising hash mismatch in the future.
+        # file:/// URLs aren't pinnable, so don't complain about them
+        # not being pinned.
+        if not req.is_direct and not req.is_pinned:
+            raise HashUnpinned()
+
+        # If known-good hashes are missing for this requirement,
+        # shim it with a facade object that will provoke hash
+        # computation and then raise a HashMissing exception
+        # showing the user what the hash should be.
+        return req.hashes(trust_internet=False) or MissingHashes()
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_only(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        if self.legacy_resolver:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Metadata-only fetching is not used in the legacy resolver",
+            )
+            return None
+        if self.require_hashes:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Metadata-only fetching is not used as hash checking is required",
+            )
+            return None
+        # Try PEP 658 metadata first, then fall back to lazy wheel if unavailable.
+        return self._fetch_metadata_using_link_data_attr(
+            req
+        ) or self._fetch_metadata_using_lazy_wheel(req.link)
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_using_link_data_attr(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Fetch metadata from the data-dist-info-metadata attribute, if possible."""
+        # (1) Get the link to the metadata file, if provided by the backend.
+        metadata_link = req.link.metadata_link()
+        if metadata_link is None:
+            return None
+        assert req.req is not None
+        logger.verbose(
+            "Obtaining dependency information for %s from %s",
+            req.req,
+            metadata_link,
+        )
+        # (2) Download the contents of the METADATA file, separate from the dist itself.
+        metadata_file = get_http_url(
+            metadata_link,
+            self._download,
+            hashes=metadata_link.as_hashes(),
+        )
+        with open(metadata_file.path, "rb") as f:
+            metadata_contents = f.read()
+        # (3) Generate a dist just from those file contents.
+        metadata_dist = get_metadata_distribution(
+            metadata_contents,
+            req.link.filename,
+            req.req.name,
+        )
+        # (4) Ensure the Name: field from the METADATA file matches the name from the
+        #     install requirement.
+        #
+        #     NB: raw_name will fall back to the name from the install requirement if
+        #     the Name: field is not present, but it's noted in the raw_name docstring
+        #     that that should NEVER happen anyway.
+        if canonicalize_name(metadata_dist.raw_name) != canonicalize_name(req.req.name):
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                req, "Name", req.req.name, metadata_dist.raw_name
+            )
+        return metadata_dist
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_using_lazy_wheel(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Fetch metadata using lazy wheel, if possible."""
+        # --use-feature=fast-deps must be provided.
+        if not self.use_lazy_wheel:
+            return None
+        if link.is_file or not link.is_wheel:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Lazy wheel is not used as %r does not point to a remote wheel",
+                link,
+            )
+            return None
+
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        name = canonicalize_name(wheel.name)
+        logger.info(
+            "Obtaining dependency information from %s %s",
+            name,
+            wheel.version,
+        )
+        url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+        try:
+            return dist_from_wheel_url(name, url, self._session)
+        except HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported:
+            logger.debug("%s does not support range requests", url)
+            return None
+
+    def _complete_partial_requirements(
+        self,
+        partially_downloaded_reqs: Iterable[InstallRequirement],
+        parallel_builds: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Download any requirements which were only fetched by metadata."""
+        # Download to a temporary directory. These will be copied over as
+        # needed for downstream 'download', 'wheel', and 'install' commands.
+        temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="unpack", globally_managed=True).path
+
+        # Map each link to the requirement that owns it. This allows us to set
+        # `req.local_file_path` on the appropriate requirement after passing
+        # all the links at once into BatchDownloader.
+        links_to_fully_download: Dict[Link, InstallRequirement] = {}
+        for req in partially_downloaded_reqs:
+            assert req.link
+            links_to_fully_download[req.link] = req
+
+        batch_download = self._batch_download(
+            links_to_fully_download.keys(),
+            temp_dir,
+        )
+        for link, (filepath, _) in batch_download:
+            logger.debug("Downloading link %s to %s", link, filepath)
+            req = links_to_fully_download[link]
+            # Record the downloaded file path so wheel reqs can extract a Distribution
+            # in .get_dist().
+            req.local_file_path = filepath
+            # Record that the file is downloaded so we don't do it again in
+            # _prepare_linked_requirement().
+            self._downloaded[req.link.url] = filepath
+
+            # If this is an sdist, we need to unpack it after downloading, but the
+            # .source_dir won't be set up until we are in _prepare_linked_requirement().
+            # Add the downloaded archive to the install requirement to unpack after
+            # preparing the source dir.
+            if not req.is_wheel:
+                req.needs_unpacked_archive(Path(filepath))
+
+        # This step is necessary to ensure all lazy wheels are processed
+        # successfully by the 'download', 'wheel', and 'install' commands.
+        for req in partially_downloaded_reqs:
+            self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+    def prepare_linked_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool = False
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare a requirement to be obtained from req.link."""
+        assert req.link
+        self._log_preparing_link(req)
+        with indent_log():
+            # Check if the relevant file is already available
+            # in the download directory
+            file_path = None
+            if self.download_dir is not None and req.link.is_wheel:
+                hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+                file_path = _check_download_dir(
+                    req.link,
+                    self.download_dir,
+                    hashes,
+                    # When a locally built wheel has been found in cache, we don't warn
+                    # about re-downloading when the already downloaded wheel hash does
+                    # not match. This is because the hash must be checked against the
+                    # original link, not the cached link. It that case the already
+                    # downloaded file will be removed and re-fetched from cache (which
+                    # implies a hash check against the cache entry's origin.json).
+                    warn_on_hash_mismatch=not req.is_wheel_from_cache,
+                )
+
+            if file_path is not None:
+                # The file is already available, so mark it as downloaded
+                self._downloaded[req.link.url] = file_path
+            else:
+                # The file is not available, attempt to fetch only metadata
+                metadata_dist = self._fetch_metadata_only(req)
+                if metadata_dist is not None:
+                    req.needs_more_preparation = True
+                    return metadata_dist
+
+            # None of the optimizations worked, fully prepare the requirement
+            return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+    def prepare_linked_requirements_more(
+        self, reqs: Iterable[InstallRequirement], parallel_builds: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prepare linked requirements more, if needed."""
+        reqs = [req for req in reqs if req.needs_more_preparation]
+        for req in reqs:
+            # Determine if any of these requirements were already downloaded.
+            if self.download_dir is not None and req.link.is_wheel:
+                hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+                file_path = _check_download_dir(req.link, self.download_dir, hashes)
+                if file_path is not None:
+                    self._downloaded[req.link.url] = file_path
+                    req.needs_more_preparation = False
+
+        # Prepare requirements we found were already downloaded for some
+        # reason. The other downloads will be completed separately.
+        partially_downloaded_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in reqs:
+            if req.needs_more_preparation:
+                partially_downloaded_reqs.append(req)
+            else:
+                self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+        # TODO: separate this part out from RequirementPreparer when the v1
+        # resolver can be removed!
+        self._complete_partial_requirements(
+            partially_downloaded_reqs,
+            parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_linked_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        assert req.link
+        link = req.link
+
+        hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+
+        if hashes and req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            assert req.download_info is not None
+            assert link.is_wheel
+            assert link.is_file
+            # We need to verify hashes, and we have found the requirement in the cache
+            # of locally built wheels.
+            if (
+                isinstance(req.download_info.info, ArchiveInfo)
+                and req.download_info.info.hashes
+                and hashes.has_one_of(req.download_info.info.hashes)
+            ):
+                # At this point we know the requirement was built from a hashable source
+                # artifact, and we verified that the cache entry's hash of the original
+                # artifact matches one of the hashes we expect. We don't verify hashes
+                # against the cached wheel, because the wheel is not the original.
+                hashes = None
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "The hashes of the source archive found in cache entry "
+                    "don't match, ignoring cached built wheel "
+                    "and re-downloading source."
+                )
+                req.link = req.cached_wheel_source_link
+                link = req.link
+
+        self._ensure_link_req_src_dir(req, parallel_builds)
+
+        if link.is_existing_dir():
+            local_file = None
+        elif link.url not in self._downloaded:
+            try:
+                local_file = unpack_url(
+                    link,
+                    req.source_dir,
+                    self._download,
+                    self.verbosity,
+                    self.download_dir,
+                    hashes,
+                )
+            except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"Could not install requirement {req} because of HTTP "
+                    f"error {exc} for URL {link}"
+                )
+        else:
+            file_path = self._downloaded[link.url]
+            if hashes:
+                hashes.check_against_path(file_path)
+            local_file = File(file_path, content_type=None)
+
+        # If download_info is set, we got it from the wheel cache.
+        if req.download_info is None:
+            # Editables don't go through this function (see
+            # prepare_editable_requirement).
+            assert not req.editable
+            req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(link, req.source_dir)
+            # Make sure we have a hash in download_info. If we got it as part of the
+            # URL, it will have been verified and we can rely on it. Otherwise we
+            # compute it from the downloaded file.
+            # FIXME: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11943
+            if (
+                isinstance(req.download_info.info, ArchiveInfo)
+                and not req.download_info.info.hashes
+                and local_file
+            ):
+                hash = hash_file(local_file.path)[0].hexdigest()
+                # We populate info.hash for backward compatibility.
+                # This will automatically populate info.hashes.
+                req.download_info.info.hash = f"sha256={hash}"
+
+        # For use in later processing,
+        # preserve the file path on the requirement.
+        if local_file:
+            req.local_file_path = local_file.path
+
+        dist = _get_prepared_distribution(
+            req,
+            self.build_tracker,
+            self.finder,
+            self.build_isolation,
+            self.check_build_deps,
+        )
+        return dist
+
+    def save_linked_requirement(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert self.download_dir is not None
+        assert req.link is not None
+        link = req.link
+        if link.is_vcs or (link.is_existing_dir() and req.editable):
+            # Make a .zip of the source_dir we already created.
+            req.archive(self.download_dir)
+            return
+
+        if link.is_existing_dir():
+            logger.debug(
+                "Not copying link to destination directory "
+                "since it is a directory: %s",
+                link,
+            )
+            return
+        if req.local_file_path is None:
+            # No distribution was downloaded for this requirement.
+            return
+
+        download_location = os.path.join(self.download_dir, link.filename)
+        if not os.path.exists(download_location):
+            shutil.copy(req.local_file_path, download_location)
+            download_path = display_path(download_location)
+            logger.info("Saved %s", download_path)
+
+    def prepare_editable_requirement(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare an editable requirement."""
+        assert req.editable, "cannot prepare a non-editable req as editable"
+
+        logger.info("Obtaining %s", req)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            if self.require_hashes:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"The editable requirement {req} cannot be installed when "
+                    "requiring hashes, because there is no single file to "
+                    "hash."
+                )
+            req.ensure_has_source_dir(self.src_dir)
+            req.update_editable()
+            assert req.source_dir
+            req.download_info = direct_url_for_editable(req.unpacked_source_directory)
+
+            dist = _get_prepared_distribution(
+                req,
+                self.build_tracker,
+                self.finder,
+                self.build_isolation,
+                self.check_build_deps,
+            )
+
+            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+
+        return dist
+
+    def prepare_installed_requirement(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+        skip_reason: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare an already-installed requirement."""
+        assert req.satisfied_by, "req should have been satisfied but isn't"
+        assert skip_reason is not None, (
+            "did not get skip reason skipped but req.satisfied_by "
+            f"is set to {req.satisfied_by}"
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            "Requirement %s: %s (%s)", skip_reason, req, req.satisfied_by.version
+        )
+        with indent_log():
+            if self.require_hashes:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Since it is already installed, we are trusting this "
+                    "package without checking its hash. To ensure a "
+                    "completely repeatable environment, install into an "
+                    "empty virtualenv."
+                )
+            return InstalledDistribution(req).get_metadata_distribution()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8de36b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import importlib.util
+import os
+from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor import tomli
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationError,
+    InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires,
+    MissingPyProjectBuildRequires,
+)
+
+
+def _is_list_of_str(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(obj, list) and all(isinstance(item, str) for item in obj)
+
+
+def make_pyproject_path(unpacked_source_directory: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(unpacked_source_directory, "pyproject.toml")
+
+
+BuildSystemDetails = namedtuple(
+    "BuildSystemDetails", ["requires", "backend", "check", "backend_path"]
+)
+
+
+def load_pyproject_toml(
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool], pyproject_toml: str, setup_py: str, req_name: str
+) -> Optional[BuildSystemDetails]:
+    """Load the pyproject.toml file.
+
+    Parameters:
+        use_pep517 - Has the user requested PEP 517 processing? None
+                     means the user hasn't explicitly specified.
+        pyproject_toml - Location of the project's pyproject.toml file
+        setup_py - Location of the project's setup.py file
+        req_name - The name of the requirement we're processing (for
+                   error reporting)
+
+    Returns:
+        None if we should use the legacy code path, otherwise a tuple
+        (
+            requirements from pyproject.toml,
+            name of PEP 517 backend,
+            requirements we should check are installed after setting
+                up the build environment
+            directory paths to import the backend from (backend-path),
+                relative to the project root.
+        )
+    """
+    has_pyproject = os.path.isfile(pyproject_toml)
+    has_setup = os.path.isfile(setup_py)
+
+    if not has_pyproject and not has_setup:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"{req_name} does not appear to be a Python project: "
+            f"neither 'setup.py' nor 'pyproject.toml' found."
+        )
+
+    if has_pyproject:
+        with open(pyproject_toml, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            pp_toml = tomli.loads(f.read())
+        build_system = pp_toml.get("build-system")
+    else:
+        build_system = None
+
+    # The following cases must use PEP 517
+    # We check for use_pep517 being non-None and falsey because that means
+    # the user explicitly requested --no-use-pep517.  The value 0 as
+    # opposed to False can occur when the value is provided via an
+    # environment variable or config file option (due to the quirk of
+    # strtobool() returning an integer in pip's configuration code).
+    if has_pyproject and not has_setup:
+        if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
+                "project does not have a setup.py"
+            )
+        use_pep517 = True
+    elif build_system and "build-backend" in build_system:
+        if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
+                "project specifies a build backend of {} "
+                "in pyproject.toml".format(build_system["build-backend"])
+            )
+        use_pep517 = True
+
+    # If we haven't worked out whether to use PEP 517 yet,
+    # and the user hasn't explicitly stated a preference,
+    # we do so if the project has a pyproject.toml file
+    # or if we cannot import setuptools or wheels.
+
+    # We fallback to PEP 517 when without setuptools or without the wheel package,
+    # so setuptools can be installed as a default build backend.
+    # For more info see:
+    # https://discuss.python.org/t/pip-without-setuptools-could-the-experience-be-improved/11810/9
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8559
+    elif use_pep517 is None:
+        use_pep517 = (
+            has_pyproject
+            or not importlib.util.find_spec("setuptools")
+            or not importlib.util.find_spec("wheel")
+        )
+
+    # At this point, we know whether we're going to use PEP 517.
+    assert use_pep517 is not None
+
+    # If we're using the legacy code path, there is nothing further
+    # for us to do here.
+    if not use_pep517:
+        return None
+
+    if build_system is None:
+        # Either the user has a pyproject.toml with no build-system
+        # section, or the user has no pyproject.toml, but has opted in
+        # explicitly via --use-pep517.
+        # In the absence of any explicit backend specification, we
+        # assume the setuptools backend that most closely emulates the
+        # traditional direct setup.py execution, and require wheel and
+        # a version of setuptools that supports that backend.
+
+        build_system = {
+            "requires": ["setuptools>=40.8.0"],
+            "build-backend": "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__",
+        }
+
+    # If we're using PEP 517, we have build system information (either
+    # from pyproject.toml, or defaulted by the code above).
+    # Note that at this point, we do not know if the user has actually
+    # specified a backend, though.
+    assert build_system is not None
+
+    # Ensure that the build-system section in pyproject.toml conforms
+    # to PEP 518.
+
+    # Specifying the build-system table but not the requires key is invalid
+    if "requires" not in build_system:
+        raise MissingPyProjectBuildRequires(package=req_name)
+
+    # Error out if requires is not a list of strings
+    requires = build_system["requires"]
+    if not _is_list_of_str(requires):
+        raise InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(
+            package=req_name,
+            reason="It is not a list of strings.",
+        )
+
+    # Each requirement must be valid as per PEP 508
+    for requirement in requires:
+        try:
+            Requirement(requirement)
+        except InvalidRequirement as error:
+            raise InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(
+                package=req_name,
+                reason=f"It contains an invalid requirement: {requirement!r}",
+            ) from error
+
+    backend = build_system.get("build-backend")
+    backend_path = build_system.get("backend-path", [])
+    check: List[str] = []
+    if backend is None:
+        # If the user didn't specify a backend, we assume they want to use
+        # the setuptools backend. But we can't be sure they have included
+        # a version of setuptools which supplies the backend. So we
+        # make a note to check that this requirement is present once
+        # we have set up the environment.
+        # This is quite a lot of work to check for a very specific case. But
+        # the problem is, that case is potentially quite common - projects that
+        # adopted PEP 518 early for the ability to specify requirements to
+        # execute setup.py, but never considered needing to mention the build
+        # tools themselves. The original PEP 518 code had a similar check (but
+        # implemented in a different way).
+        backend = "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__"
+        check = ["setuptools>=40.8.0"]
+
+    return BuildSystemDetails(requires, backend, check, backend_path)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16de903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import collections
+import logging
+from typing import Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+
+from .req_file import parse_requirements
+from .req_install import InstallRequirement
+from .req_set import RequirementSet
+
+__all__ = [
+    "RequirementSet",
+    "InstallRequirement",
+    "parse_requirements",
+    "install_given_reqs",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallationResult:
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"InstallationResult(name={self.name!r})"
+
+
+def _validate_requirements(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
+) -> Generator[Tuple[str, InstallRequirement], None, None]:
+    for req in requirements:
+        assert req.name, f"invalid to-be-installed requirement: {req}"
+        yield req.name, req
+
+
+def install_given_reqs(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    root: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    warn_script_location: bool,
+    use_user_site: bool,
+    pycompile: bool,
+) -> List[InstallationResult]:
+    """
+    Install everything in the given list.
+
+    (to be called after having downloaded and unpacked the packages)
+    """
+    to_install = collections.OrderedDict(_validate_requirements(requirements))
+
+    if to_install:
+        logger.info(
+            "Installing collected packages: %s",
+            ", ".join(to_install.keys()),
+        )
+
+    installed = []
+
+    with indent_log():
+        for req_name, requirement in to_install.items():
+            if requirement.should_reinstall:
+                logger.info("Attempting uninstall: %s", req_name)
+                with indent_log():
+                    uninstalled_pathset = requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
+            else:
+                uninstalled_pathset = None
+
+            try:
+                requirement.install(
+                    global_options,
+                    root=root,
+                    home=home,
+                    prefix=prefix,
+                    warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                    use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                    pycompile=pycompile,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                # if install did not succeed, rollback previous uninstall
+                if uninstalled_pathset and not requirement.install_succeeded:
+                    uninstalled_pathset.rollback()
+                raise
+            else:
+                if uninstalled_pathset and requirement.install_succeeded:
+                    uninstalled_pathset.commit()
+
+            installed.append(InstallationResult(req_name))
+
+    return installed
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e2d0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+"""Backing implementation for InstallRequirement's various constructors
+
+The idea here is that these formed a major chunk of InstallRequirement's size
+so, moving them and support code dedicated to them outside of that class
+helps creates for better understandability for the rest of the code.
+
+These are meant to be used elsewhere within pip to create instances of
+InstallRequirement.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from typing import Collection, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import Marker
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import Specifier
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI, TestPyPI
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import ParsedRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import is_archive_file
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_installable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import is_url, vcs
+
+__all__ = [
+    "install_req_from_editable",
+    "install_req_from_line",
+    "parse_editable",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+operators = Specifier._operators.keys()
+
+
+def _strip_extras(path: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+    m = re.match(r"^(.+)(\[[^\]]+\])$", path)
+    extras = None
+    if m:
+        path_no_extras = m.group(1)
+        extras = m.group(2)
+    else:
+        path_no_extras = path
+
+    return path_no_extras, extras
+
+
+def convert_extras(extras: Optional[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    if not extras:
+        return set()
+    return get_requirement("placeholder" + extras.lower()).extras
+
+
+def _set_requirement_extras(req: Requirement, new_extras: Set[str]) -> Requirement:
+    """
+    Returns a new requirement based on the given one, with the supplied extras. If the
+    given requirement already has extras those are replaced (or dropped if no new extras
+    are given).
+    """
+    match: Optional[re.Match[str]] = re.fullmatch(
+        # see https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#complete-grammar
+        r"([\w\t .-]+)(\[[^\]]*\])?(.*)",
+        str(req),
+        flags=re.ASCII,
+    )
+    # ireq.req is a valid requirement so the regex should always match
+    assert (
+        match is not None
+    ), f"regex match on requirement {req} failed, this should never happen"
+    pre: Optional[str] = match.group(1)
+    post: Optional[str] = match.group(3)
+    assert (
+        pre is not None and post is not None
+    ), f"regex group selection for requirement {req} failed, this should never happen"
+    extras: str = "[%s]" % ",".join(sorted(new_extras)) if new_extras else ""
+    return Requirement(f"{pre}{extras}{post}")
+
+
+def parse_editable(editable_req: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str, Set[str]]:
+    """Parses an editable requirement into:
+        - a requirement name
+        - an URL
+        - extras
+        - editable options
+    Accepted requirements:
+        svn+http://blahblah@rev#egg=Foobar[baz]&subdirectory=version_subdir
+        .[some_extra]
+    """
+
+    url = editable_req
+
+    # If a file path is specified with extras, strip off the extras.
+    url_no_extras, extras = _strip_extras(url)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(url_no_extras):
+        # Treating it as code that has already been checked out
+        url_no_extras = path_to_url(url_no_extras)
+
+    if url_no_extras.lower().startswith("file:"):
+        package_name = Link(url_no_extras).egg_fragment
+        if extras:
+            return (
+                package_name,
+                url_no_extras,
+                get_requirement("placeholder" + extras.lower()).extras,
+            )
+        else:
+            return package_name, url_no_extras, set()
+
+    for version_control in vcs:
+        if url.lower().startswith(f"{version_control}:"):
+            url = f"{version_control}+{url}"
+            break
+
+    link = Link(url)
+
+    if not link.is_vcs:
+        backends = ", ".join(vcs.all_schemes)
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"{editable_req} is not a valid editable requirement. "
+            f"It should either be a path to a local project or a VCS URL "
+            f"(beginning with {backends})."
+        )
+
+    package_name = link.egg_fragment
+    if not package_name:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "Could not detect requirement name for '{}', please specify one "
+            "with #egg=your_package_name".format(editable_req)
+        )
+    return package_name, url, set()
+
+
+def check_first_requirement_in_file(filename: str) -> None:
+    """Check if file is parsable as a requirements file.
+
+    This is heavily based on ``pkg_resources.parse_requirements``, but
+    simplified to just check the first meaningful line.
+
+    :raises InvalidRequirement: If the first meaningful line cannot be parsed
+        as an requirement.
+    """
+    with open(filename, encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as f:
+        # Create a steppable iterator, so we can handle \-continuations.
+        lines = (
+            line
+            for line in (line.strip() for line in f)
+            if line and not line.startswith("#")  # Skip blank lines/comments.
+        )
+
+        for line in lines:
+            # Drop comments -- a hash without a space may be in a URL.
+            if " #" in line:
+                line = line[: line.find(" #")]
+            # If there is a line continuation, drop it, and append the next line.
+            if line.endswith("\\"):
+                line = line[:-2].strip() + next(lines, "")
+            Requirement(line)
+            return
+
+
+def deduce_helpful_msg(req: str) -> str:
+    """Returns helpful msg in case requirements file does not exist,
+    or cannot be parsed.
+
+    :params req: Requirements file path
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(req):
+        return f" File '{req}' does not exist."
+    msg = " The path does exist. "
+    # Try to parse and check if it is a requirements file.
+    try:
+        check_first_requirement_in_file(req)
+    except InvalidRequirement:
+        logger.debug("Cannot parse '%s' as requirements file", req)
+    else:
+        msg += (
+            f"The argument you provided "
+            f"({req}) appears to be a"
+            f" requirements file. If that is the"
+            f" case, use the '-r' flag to install"
+            f" the packages specified within it."
+        )
+    return msg
+
+
+class RequirementParts:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        requirement: Optional[Requirement],
+        link: Optional[Link],
+        markers: Optional[Marker],
+        extras: Set[str],
+    ):
+        self.requirement = requirement
+        self.link = link
+        self.markers = markers
+        self.extras = extras
+
+
+def parse_req_from_editable(editable_req: str) -> RequirementParts:
+    name, url, extras_override = parse_editable(editable_req)
+
+    if name is not None:
+        try:
+            req: Optional[Requirement] = Requirement(name)
+        except InvalidRequirement:
+            raise InstallationError(f"Invalid requirement: '{name}'")
+    else:
+        req = None
+
+    link = Link(url)
+
+    return RequirementParts(req, link, None, extras_override)
+
+
+# ---- The actual constructors follow ----
+
+
+def install_req_from_editable(
+    editable_req: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[Union[InstallRequirement, str]] = None,
+    *,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    permit_editable_wheels: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    parts = parse_req_from_editable(editable_req)
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        parts.requirement,
+        comes_from=comes_from,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+        editable=True,
+        permit_editable_wheels=permit_editable_wheels,
+        link=parts.link,
+        constraint=constraint,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        hash_options=hash_options,
+        config_settings=config_settings,
+        extras=parts.extras,
+    )
+
+
+def _looks_like_path(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks whether the string "looks like" a path on the filesystem.
+
+    This does not check whether the target actually exists, only judge from the
+    appearance.
+
+    Returns true if any of the following conditions is true:
+    * a path separator is found (either os.path.sep or os.path.altsep);
+    * a dot is found (which represents the current directory).
+    """
+    if os.path.sep in name:
+        return True
+    if os.path.altsep is not None and os.path.altsep in name:
+        return True
+    if name.startswith("."):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _get_url_from_path(path: str, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    First, it checks whether a provided path is an installable directory. If it
+    is, returns the path.
+
+    If false, check if the path is an archive file (such as a .whl).
+    The function checks if the path is a file. If false, if the path has
+    an @, it will treat it as a PEP 440 URL requirement and return the path.
+    """
+    if _looks_like_path(name) and os.path.isdir(path):
+        if is_installable_dir(path):
+            return path_to_url(path)
+        # TODO: The is_installable_dir test here might not be necessary
+        #       now that it is done in load_pyproject_toml too.
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Directory {name!r} is not installable. Neither 'setup.py' "
+            "nor 'pyproject.toml' found."
+        )
+    if not is_archive_file(path):
+        return None
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        return path_to_url(path)
+    urlreq_parts = name.split("@", 1)
+    if len(urlreq_parts) >= 2 and not _looks_like_path(urlreq_parts[0]):
+        # If the path contains '@' and the part before it does not look
+        # like a path, try to treat it as a PEP 440 URL req instead.
+        return None
+    logger.warning(
+        "Requirement %r looks like a filename, but the file does not exist",
+        name,
+    )
+    return path_to_url(path)
+
+
+def parse_req_from_line(name: str, line_source: Optional[str]) -> RequirementParts:
+    if is_url(name):
+        marker_sep = "; "
+    else:
+        marker_sep = ";"
+    if marker_sep in name:
+        name, markers_as_string = name.split(marker_sep, 1)
+        markers_as_string = markers_as_string.strip()
+        if not markers_as_string:
+            markers = None
+        else:
+            markers = Marker(markers_as_string)
+    else:
+        markers = None
+    name = name.strip()
+    req_as_string = None
+    path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(name))
+    link = None
+    extras_as_string = None
+
+    if is_url(name):
+        link = Link(name)
+    else:
+        p, extras_as_string = _strip_extras(path)
+        url = _get_url_from_path(p, name)
+        if url is not None:
+            link = Link(url)
+
+    # it's a local file, dir, or url
+    if link:
+        # Handle relative file URLs
+        if link.scheme == "file" and re.search(r"\.\./", link.url):
+            link = Link(path_to_url(os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(link.path))))
+        # wheel file
+        if link.is_wheel:
+            wheel = Wheel(link.filename)  # can raise InvalidWheelFilename
+            req_as_string = f"{wheel.name}=={wheel.version}"
+        else:
+            # set the req to the egg fragment.  when it's not there, this
+            # will become an 'unnamed' requirement
+            req_as_string = link.egg_fragment
+
+    # a requirement specifier
+    else:
+        req_as_string = name
+
+    extras = convert_extras(extras_as_string)
+
+    def with_source(text: str) -> str:
+        if not line_source:
+            return text
+        return f"{text} (from {line_source})"
+
+    def _parse_req_string(req_as_string: str) -> Requirement:
+        try:
+            req = get_requirement(req_as_string)
+        except InvalidRequirement:
+            if os.path.sep in req_as_string:
+                add_msg = "It looks like a path."
+                add_msg += deduce_helpful_msg(req_as_string)
+            elif "=" in req_as_string and not any(
+                op in req_as_string for op in operators
+            ):
+                add_msg = "= is not a valid operator. Did you mean == ?"
+            else:
+                add_msg = ""
+            msg = with_source(f"Invalid requirement: {req_as_string!r}")
+            if add_msg:
+                msg += f"\nHint: {add_msg}"
+            raise InstallationError(msg)
+        else:
+            # Deprecate extras after specifiers: "name>=1.0[extras]"
+            # This currently works by accident because _strip_extras() parses
+            # any extras in the end of the string and those are saved in
+            # RequirementParts
+            for spec in req.specifier:
+                spec_str = str(spec)
+                if spec_str.endswith("]"):
+                    msg = f"Extras after version '{spec_str}'."
+                    raise InstallationError(msg)
+        return req
+
+    if req_as_string is not None:
+        req: Optional[Requirement] = _parse_req_string(req_as_string)
+    else:
+        req = None
+
+    return RequirementParts(req, link, markers, extras)
+
+
+def install_req_from_line(
+    name: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[Union[str, InstallRequirement]] = None,
+    *,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+    line_source: Optional[str] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """Creates an InstallRequirement from a name, which might be a
+    requirement, directory containing 'setup.py', filename, or URL.
+
+    :param line_source: An optional string describing where the line is from,
+        for logging purposes in case of an error.
+    """
+    parts = parse_req_from_line(name, line_source)
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        parts.requirement,
+        comes_from,
+        link=parts.link,
+        markers=parts.markers,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        hash_options=hash_options,
+        config_settings=config_settings,
+        constraint=constraint,
+        extras=parts.extras,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_from_req_string(
+    req_string: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    try:
+        req = get_requirement(req_string)
+    except InvalidRequirement:
+        raise InstallationError(f"Invalid requirement: '{req_string}'")
+
+    domains_not_allowed = [
+        PyPI.file_storage_domain,
+        TestPyPI.file_storage_domain,
+    ]
+    if (
+        req.url
+        and comes_from
+        and comes_from.link
+        and comes_from.link.netloc in domains_not_allowed
+    ):
+        # Explicitly disallow pypi packages that depend on external urls
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "Packages installed from PyPI cannot depend on packages "
+            "which are not also hosted on PyPI.\n"
+            f"{comes_from.name} depends on {req} "
+        )
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req,
+        comes_from,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+    parsed_req: ParsedRequirement,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    if parsed_req.is_editable:
+        req = install_req_from_editable(
+            parsed_req.requirement,
+            comes_from=parsed_req.comes_from,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+            constraint=parsed_req.constraint,
+            isolated=isolated,
+            user_supplied=user_supplied,
+            config_settings=config_settings,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        req = install_req_from_line(
+            parsed_req.requirement,
+            comes_from=parsed_req.comes_from,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+            isolated=isolated,
+            global_options=(
+                parsed_req.options.get("global_options", [])
+                if parsed_req.options
+                else []
+            ),
+            hash_options=(
+                parsed_req.options.get("hashes", {}) if parsed_req.options else {}
+            ),
+            constraint=parsed_req.constraint,
+            line_source=parsed_req.line_source,
+            user_supplied=user_supplied,
+            config_settings=config_settings,
+        )
+    return req
+
+
+def install_req_from_link_and_ireq(
+    link: Link, ireq: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req=ireq.req,
+        comes_from=ireq.comes_from,
+        editable=ireq.editable,
+        link=link,
+        markers=ireq.markers,
+        use_pep517=ireq.use_pep517,
+        isolated=ireq.isolated,
+        global_options=ireq.global_options,
+        hash_options=ireq.hash_options,
+        config_settings=ireq.config_settings,
+        user_supplied=ireq.user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_drop_extras(ireq: InstallRequirement) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Creates a new InstallationRequirement using the given template but without
+    any extras. Sets the original requirement as the new one's parent
+    (comes_from).
+    """
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req=(
+            _set_requirement_extras(ireq.req, set()) if ireq.req is not None else None
+        ),
+        comes_from=ireq,
+        editable=ireq.editable,
+        link=ireq.link,
+        markers=ireq.markers,
+        use_pep517=ireq.use_pep517,
+        isolated=ireq.isolated,
+        global_options=ireq.global_options,
+        hash_options=ireq.hash_options,
+        constraint=ireq.constraint,
+        extras=[],
+        config_settings=ireq.config_settings,
+        user_supplied=ireq.user_supplied,
+        permit_editable_wheels=ireq.permit_editable_wheels,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_extend_extras(
+    ireq: InstallRequirement,
+    extras: Collection[str],
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Returns a copy of an installation requirement with some additional extras.
+    Makes a shallow copy of the ireq object.
+    """
+    result = copy.copy(ireq)
+    result.extras = {*ireq.extras, *extras}
+    result.req = (
+        _set_requirement_extras(ireq.req, result.extras)
+        if ireq.req is not None
+        else None
+    )
+    return result
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef3d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+"""
+Requirements file parsing
+"""
+
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import urllib.parse
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, RequirementsFileParseError
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+from pip._internal.utils.encoding import auto_decode
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import get_url_scheme
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # NoReturn introduced in 3.6.2; imported only for type checking to maintain
+    # pip compatibility with older patch versions of Python 3.6
+    from typing import NoReturn
+
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+__all__ = ["parse_requirements"]
+
+ReqFileLines = Iterable[Tuple[int, str]]
+
+LineParser = Callable[[str], Tuple[str, Values]]
+
+SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(http|https|file):", re.I)
+COMMENT_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s+)#.*$")
+
+# Matches environment variable-style values in '${MY_VARIABLE_1}' with the
+# variable name consisting of only uppercase letters, digits or the '_'
+# (underscore). This follows the POSIX standard defined in IEEE Std 1003.1,
+# 2013 Edition.
+ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<var>\$\{(?P<name>[A-Z0-9_]+)\})")
+
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.index_url,
+    cmdoptions.extra_index_url,
+    cmdoptions.no_index,
+    cmdoptions.constraints,
+    cmdoptions.requirements,
+    cmdoptions.editable,
+    cmdoptions.find_links,
+    cmdoptions.no_binary,
+    cmdoptions.only_binary,
+    cmdoptions.prefer_binary,
+    cmdoptions.require_hashes,
+    cmdoptions.pre,
+    cmdoptions.trusted_host,
+    cmdoptions.use_new_feature,
+]
+
+# options to be passed to requirements
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.global_options,
+    cmdoptions.hash,
+    cmdoptions.config_settings,
+]
+
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.config_settings,
+]
+
+
+# the 'dest' string values
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST = [str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ]
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST = [
+    str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ParsedRequirement:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        requirement: str,
+        is_editable: bool,
+        comes_from: str,
+        constraint: bool,
+        options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        line_source: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.requirement = requirement
+        self.is_editable = is_editable
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.options = options
+        self.constraint = constraint
+        self.line_source = line_source
+
+
+class ParsedLine:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: str,
+        lineno: int,
+        args: str,
+        opts: Values,
+        constraint: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.opts = opts
+        self.constraint = constraint
+
+        if args:
+            self.is_requirement = True
+            self.is_editable = False
+            self.requirement = args
+        elif opts.editables:
+            self.is_requirement = True
+            self.is_editable = True
+            # We don't support multiple -e on one line
+            self.requirement = opts.editables[0]
+        else:
+            self.is_requirement = False
+
+
+def parse_requirements(
+    filename: str,
+    session: PipSession,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+) -> Generator[ParsedRequirement, None, None]:
+    """Parse a requirements file and yield ParsedRequirement instances.
+
+    :param filename:    Path or url of requirements file.
+    :param session:     PipSession instance.
+    :param finder:      Instance of pip.index.PackageFinder.
+    :param options:     cli options.
+    :param constraint:  If true, parsing a constraint file rather than
+        requirements file.
+    """
+    line_parser = get_line_parser(finder)
+    parser = RequirementsFileParser(session, line_parser)
+
+    for parsed_line in parser.parse(filename, constraint):
+        parsed_req = handle_line(
+            parsed_line, options=options, finder=finder, session=session
+        )
+        if parsed_req is not None:
+            yield parsed_req
+
+
+def preprocess(content: str) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Split, filter, and join lines, and return a line iterator
+
+    :param content: the content of the requirements file
+    """
+    lines_enum: ReqFileLines = enumerate(content.splitlines(), start=1)
+    lines_enum = join_lines(lines_enum)
+    lines_enum = ignore_comments(lines_enum)
+    lines_enum = expand_env_variables(lines_enum)
+    return lines_enum
+
+
+def handle_requirement_line(
+    line: ParsedLine,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+) -> ParsedRequirement:
+    # preserve for the nested code path
+    line_comes_from = "{} {} (line {})".format(
+        "-c" if line.constraint else "-r",
+        line.filename,
+        line.lineno,
+    )
+
+    assert line.is_requirement
+
+    # get the options that apply to requirements
+    if line.is_editable:
+        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST
+    else:
+        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST
+    req_options = {}
+    for dest in supported_dest:
+        if dest in line.opts.__dict__ and line.opts.__dict__[dest]:
+            req_options[dest] = line.opts.__dict__[dest]
+
+    line_source = f"line {line.lineno} of {line.filename}"
+    return ParsedRequirement(
+        requirement=line.requirement,
+        is_editable=line.is_editable,
+        comes_from=line_comes_from,
+        constraint=line.constraint,
+        options=req_options,
+        line_source=line_source,
+    )
+
+
+def handle_option_line(
+    opts: Values,
+    filename: str,
+    lineno: int,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    session: Optional[PipSession] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if opts.hashes:
+        logger.warning(
+            "%s line %s has --hash but no requirement, and will be ignored.",
+            filename,
+            lineno,
+        )
+
+    if options:
+        # percolate options upward
+        if opts.require_hashes:
+            options.require_hashes = opts.require_hashes
+        if opts.features_enabled:
+            options.features_enabled.extend(
+                f for f in opts.features_enabled if f not in options.features_enabled
+            )
+
+    # set finder options
+    if finder:
+        find_links = finder.find_links
+        index_urls = finder.index_urls
+        no_index = finder.search_scope.no_index
+        if opts.no_index is True:
+            no_index = True
+            index_urls = []
+        if opts.index_url and not no_index:
+            index_urls = [opts.index_url]
+        if opts.extra_index_urls and not no_index:
+            index_urls.extend(opts.extra_index_urls)
+        if opts.find_links:
+            # FIXME: it would be nice to keep track of the source
+            # of the find_links: support a find-links local path
+            # relative to a requirements file.
+            value = opts.find_links[0]
+            req_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
+            relative_to_reqs_file = os.path.join(req_dir, value)
+            if os.path.exists(relative_to_reqs_file):
+                value = relative_to_reqs_file
+            find_links.append(value)
+
+        if session:
+            # We need to update the auth urls in session
+            session.update_index_urls(index_urls)
+
+        search_scope = SearchScope(
+            find_links=find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=no_index,
+        )
+        finder.search_scope = search_scope
+
+        if opts.pre:
+            finder.set_allow_all_prereleases()
+
+        if opts.prefer_binary:
+            finder.set_prefer_binary()
+
+        if session:
+            for host in opts.trusted_hosts or []:
+                source = f"line {lineno} of {filename}"
+                session.add_trusted_host(host, source=source)
+
+
+def handle_line(
+    line: ParsedLine,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    session: Optional[PipSession] = None,
+) -> Optional[ParsedRequirement]:
+    """Handle a single parsed requirements line; This can result in
+    creating/yielding requirements, or updating the finder.
+
+    :param line:        The parsed line to be processed.
+    :param options:     CLI options.
+    :param finder:      The finder - updated by non-requirement lines.
+    :param session:     The session - updated by non-requirement lines.
+
+    Returns a ParsedRequirement object if the line is a requirement line,
+    otherwise returns None.
+
+    For lines that contain requirements, the only options that have an effect
+    are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ, and they are scoped to the
+    requirement. Other options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS may be present, but are
+    ignored.
+
+    For lines that do not contain requirements, the only options that have an
+    effect are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. Options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ may
+    be present, but are ignored. These lines may contain multiple options
+    (although our docs imply only one is supported), and all our parsed and
+    affect the finder.
+    """
+
+    if line.is_requirement:
+        parsed_req = handle_requirement_line(line, options)
+        return parsed_req
+    else:
+        handle_option_line(
+            line.opts,
+            line.filename,
+            line.lineno,
+            finder,
+            options,
+            session,
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+class RequirementsFileParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        line_parser: LineParser,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._line_parser = line_parser
+
+    def parse(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        """Parse a given file, yielding parsed lines."""
+        yield from self._parse_and_recurse(filename, constraint)
+
+    def _parse_and_recurse(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        for line in self._parse_file(filename, constraint):
+            if not line.is_requirement and (
+                line.opts.requirements or line.opts.constraints
+            ):
+                # parse a nested requirements file
+                if line.opts.requirements:
+                    req_path = line.opts.requirements[0]
+                    nested_constraint = False
+                else:
+                    req_path = line.opts.constraints[0]
+                    nested_constraint = True
+
+                # original file is over http
+                if SCHEME_RE.search(filename):
+                    # do a url join so relative paths work
+                    req_path = urllib.parse.urljoin(filename, req_path)
+                # original file and nested file are paths
+                elif not SCHEME_RE.search(req_path):
+                    # do a join so relative paths work
+                    req_path = os.path.join(
+                        os.path.dirname(filename),
+                        req_path,
+                    )
+
+                yield from self._parse_and_recurse(req_path, nested_constraint)
+            else:
+                yield line
+
+    def _parse_file(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        _, content = get_file_content(filename, self._session)
+
+        lines_enum = preprocess(content)
+
+        for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+            try:
+                args_str, opts = self._line_parser(line)
+            except OptionParsingError as e:
+                # add offending line
+                msg = f"Invalid requirement: {line}\n{e.msg}"
+                raise RequirementsFileParseError(msg)
+
+            yield ParsedLine(
+                filename,
+                line_number,
+                args_str,
+                opts,
+                constraint,
+            )
+
+
+def get_line_parser(finder: Optional["PackageFinder"]) -> LineParser:
+    def parse_line(line: str) -> Tuple[str, Values]:
+        # Build new parser for each line since it accumulates appendable
+        # options.
+        parser = build_parser()
+        defaults = parser.get_default_values()
+        defaults.index_url = None
+        if finder:
+            defaults.format_control = finder.format_control
+
+        args_str, options_str = break_args_options(line)
+
+        try:
+            options = shlex.split(options_str)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise OptionParsingError(f"Could not split options: {options_str}") from e
+
+        opts, _ = parser.parse_args(options, defaults)
+
+        return args_str, opts
+
+    return parse_line
+
+
+def break_args_options(line: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Break up the line into an args and options string.  We only want to shlex
+    (and then optparse) the options, not the args.  args can contain markers
+    which are corrupted by shlex.
+    """
+    tokens = line.split(" ")
+    args = []
+    options = tokens[:]
+    for token in tokens:
+        if token.startswith("-") or token.startswith("--"):
+            break
+        else:
+            args.append(token)
+            options.pop(0)
+    return " ".join(args), " ".join(options)
+
+
+class OptionParsingError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.msg = msg
+
+
+def build_parser() -> optparse.OptionParser:
+    """
+    Return a parser for parsing requirement lines
+    """
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(add_help_option=False)
+
+    option_factories = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS + SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ
+    for option_factory in option_factories:
+        option = option_factory()
+        parser.add_option(option)
+
+    # By default optparse sys.exits on parsing errors. We want to wrap
+    # that in our own exception.
+    def parser_exit(self: Any, msg: str) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise OptionParsingError(msg)
+
+    # NOTE: mypy disallows assigning to a method
+    #       https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+    parser.exit = parser_exit  # type: ignore
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def join_lines(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Joins a line ending in '\' with the previous line (except when following
+    comments).  The joined line takes on the index of the first line.
+    """
+    primary_line_number = None
+    new_line: List[str] = []
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        if not line.endswith("\\") or COMMENT_RE.match(line):
+            if COMMENT_RE.match(line):
+                # this ensures comments are always matched later
+                line = " " + line
+            if new_line:
+                new_line.append(line)
+                assert primary_line_number is not None
+                yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
+                new_line = []
+            else:
+                yield line_number, line
+        else:
+            if not new_line:
+                primary_line_number = line_number
+            new_line.append(line.strip("\\"))
+
+    # last line contains \
+    if new_line:
+        assert primary_line_number is not None
+        yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
+
+    # TODO: handle space after '\'.
+
+
+def ignore_comments(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """
+    Strips comments and filter empty lines.
+    """
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        line = COMMENT_RE.sub("", line)
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line:
+            yield line_number, line
+
+
+def expand_env_variables(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Replace all environment variables that can be retrieved via `os.getenv`.
+
+    The only allowed format for environment variables defined in the
+    requirement file is `${MY_VARIABLE_1}` to ensure two things:
+
+    1. Strings that contain a `$` aren't accidentally (partially) expanded.
+    2. Ensure consistency across platforms for requirement files.
+
+    These points are the result of a discussion on the `github pull
+    request #3514 <https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/3514>`_.
+
+    Valid characters in variable names follow the `POSIX standard
+    <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/>`_ and are limited
+    to uppercase letter, digits and the `_` (underscore).
+    """
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        for env_var, var_name in ENV_VAR_RE.findall(line):
+            value = os.getenv(var_name)
+            if not value:
+                continue
+
+            line = line.replace(env_var, value)
+
+        yield line_number, line
+
+
+def get_file_content(url: str, session: PipSession) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Gets the content of a file; it may be a filename, file: URL, or
+    http: URL.  Returns (location, content).  Content is unicode.
+    Respects # -*- coding: declarations on the retrieved files.
+
+    :param url:         File path or url.
+    :param session:     PipSession instance.
+    """
+    scheme = get_url_scheme(url)
+
+    # Pip has special support for file:// URLs (LocalFSAdapter).
+    if scheme in ["http", "https", "file"]:
+        resp = session.get(url)
+        raise_for_status(resp)
+        return resp.url, resp.text
+
+    # Assume this is a bare path.
+    try:
+        with open(url, "rb") as f:
+            content = auto_decode(f.read())
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise InstallationError(f"Could not open requirements file: {exc}")
+    return url, content
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a65611c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import uuid
+import zipfile
+from optparse import Values
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Collection, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import Marker
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment, NoOpBuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, PreviousBuildDirError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    get_default_environment,
+    get_directory_distribution,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import FilesystemWheel
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata import generate_metadata
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata_editable import generate_editable_metadata
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata_legacy import (
+    generate_metadata as generate_metadata_legacy,
+)
+from pip._internal.operations.install.editable_legacy import (
+    install_editable as install_editable_legacy,
+)
+from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
+from pip._internal.pyproject import load_pyproject_toml, make_pyproject_path
+from pip._internal.req.req_uninstall import UninstallPathSet
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller,
+    ask_path_exists,
+    backup_dir,
+    display_path,
+    hide_url,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    redact_auth_from_requirement,
+    redact_auth_from_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import safe_extra
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import unpack_file
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Represents something that may be installed later on, may have information
+    about where to fetch the relevant requirement and also contains logic for
+    installing the said requirement.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        req: Optional[Requirement],
+        comes_from: Optional[Union[str, "InstallRequirement"]],
+        editable: bool = False,
+        link: Optional[Link] = None,
+        markers: Optional[Marker] = None,
+        use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+        isolated: bool = False,
+        *,
+        global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        constraint: bool = False,
+        extras: Collection[str] = (),
+        user_supplied: bool = False,
+        permit_editable_wheels: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert req is None or isinstance(req, Requirement), req
+        self.req = req
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.constraint = constraint
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.permit_editable_wheels = permit_editable_wheels
+
+        # source_dir is the local directory where the linked requirement is
+        # located, or unpacked. In case unpacking is needed, creating and
+        # populating source_dir is done by the RequirementPreparer. Note this
+        # is not necessarily the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is
+        # located - that one is obtained via unpacked_source_directory.
+        self.source_dir: Optional[str] = None
+        if self.editable:
+            assert link
+            if link.is_file:
+                self.source_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(link.file_path))
+
+        # original_link is the direct URL that was provided by the user for the
+        # requirement, either directly or via a constraints file.
+        if link is None and req and req.url:
+            # PEP 508 URL requirement
+            link = Link(req.url)
+        self.link = self.original_link = link
+
+        # When this InstallRequirement is a wheel obtained from the cache of locally
+        # built wheels, this is the source link corresponding to the cache entry, which
+        # was used to download and build the cached wheel.
+        self.cached_wheel_source_link: Optional[Link] = None
+
+        # Information about the location of the artifact that was downloaded . This
+        # property is guaranteed to be set in resolver results.
+        self.download_info: Optional[DirectUrl] = None
+
+        # Path to any downloaded or already-existing package.
+        self.local_file_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if self.link and self.link.is_file:
+            self.local_file_path = self.link.file_path
+
+        if extras:
+            self.extras = extras
+        elif req:
+            self.extras = req.extras
+        else:
+            self.extras = set()
+        if markers is None and req:
+            markers = req.marker
+        self.markers = markers
+
+        # This holds the Distribution object if this requirement is already installed.
+        self.satisfied_by: Optional[BaseDistribution] = None
+        # Whether the installation process should try to uninstall an existing
+        # distribution before installing this requirement.
+        self.should_reinstall = False
+        # Temporary build location
+        self._temp_build_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        # Set to True after successful installation
+        self.install_succeeded: Optional[bool] = None
+        # Supplied options
+        self.global_options = global_options if global_options else []
+        self.hash_options = hash_options if hash_options else {}
+        self.config_settings = config_settings
+        # Set to True after successful preparation of this requirement
+        self.prepared = False
+        # User supplied requirement are explicitly requested for installation
+        # by the user via CLI arguments or requirements files, as opposed to,
+        # e.g. dependencies, extras or constraints.
+        self.user_supplied = user_supplied
+
+        self.isolated = isolated
+        self.build_env: BuildEnvironment = NoOpBuildEnvironment()
+
+        # For PEP 517, the directory where we request the project metadata
+        # gets stored. We need this to pass to build_wheel, so the backend
+        # can ensure that the wheel matches the metadata (see the PEP for
+        # details).
+        self.metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None
+
+        # The static build requirements (from pyproject.toml)
+        self.pyproject_requires: Optional[List[str]] = None
+
+        # Build requirements that we will check are available
+        self.requirements_to_check: List[str] = []
+
+        # The PEP 517 backend we should use to build the project
+        self.pep517_backend: Optional[BuildBackendHookCaller] = None
+
+        # Are we using PEP 517 for this requirement?
+        # After pyproject.toml has been loaded, the only valid values are True
+        # and False. Before loading, None is valid (meaning "use the default").
+        # Setting an explicit value before loading pyproject.toml is supported,
+        # but after loading this flag should be treated as read only.
+        self.use_pep517 = use_pep517
+
+        # If config settings are provided, enforce PEP 517.
+        if self.config_settings:
+            if self.use_pep517 is False:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--no-use-pep517 ignored for %s "
+                    "because --config-settings are specified.",
+                    self,
+                )
+            self.use_pep517 = True
+
+        # This requirement needs more preparation before it can be built
+        self.needs_more_preparation = False
+
+        # This requirement needs to be unpacked before it can be installed.
+        self._archive_source: Optional[Path] = None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.req:
+            s = redact_auth_from_requirement(self.req)
+            if self.link:
+                s += f" from {redact_auth_from_url(self.link.url)}"
+        elif self.link:
+            s = redact_auth_from_url(self.link.url)
+        else:
+            s = "<InstallRequirement>"
+        if self.satisfied_by is not None:
+            if self.satisfied_by.location is not None:
+                location = display_path(self.satisfied_by.location)
+            else:
+                location = "<memory>"
+            s += f" in {location}"
+        if self.comes_from:
+            if isinstance(self.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from: Optional[str] = self.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = self.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                s += f" (from {comes_from})"
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<{} object: {} editable={!r}>".format(
+            self.__class__.__name__, str(self), self.editable
+        )
+
+    def format_debug(self) -> str:
+        """An un-tested helper for getting state, for debugging."""
+        attributes = vars(self)
+        names = sorted(attributes)
+
+        state = (f"{attr}={attributes[attr]!r}" for attr in sorted(names))
+        return "<{name} object: {{{state}}}>".format(
+            name=self.__class__.__name__,
+            state=", ".join(state),
+        )
+
+    # Things that are valid for all kinds of requirements?
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.req is None:
+            return None
+        return self.req.name
+
+    @functools.lru_cache()  # use cached_property in python 3.8+
+    def supports_pyproject_editable(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.use_pep517:
+            return False
+        assert self.pep517_backend
+        with self.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+                "Checking if build backend supports build_editable"
+            )
+            with self.pep517_backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return "build_editable" in self.pep517_backend._supported_features()
+
+    @property
+    def specifier(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        return self.req.specifier
+
+    @property
+    def is_direct(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this requirement was specified as a direct URL."""
+        return self.original_link is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_pinned(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether I am pinned to an exact version.
+
+        For example, some-package==1.2 is pinned; some-package>1.2 is not.
+        """
+        assert self.req is not None
+        specifiers = self.req.specifier
+        return len(specifiers) == 1 and next(iter(specifiers)).operator in {"==", "==="}
+
+    def match_markers(self, extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None) -> bool:
+        if not extras_requested:
+            # Provide an extra to safely evaluate the markers
+            # without matching any extra
+            extras_requested = ("",)
+        if self.markers is not None:
+            return any(
+                self.markers.evaluate({"extra": extra})
+                # TODO: Remove these two variants when packaging is upgraded to
+                # support the marker comparison logic specified in PEP 685.
+                or self.markers.evaluate({"extra": safe_extra(extra)})
+                or self.markers.evaluate({"extra": canonicalize_name(extra)})
+                for extra in extras_requested
+            )
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @property
+    def has_hash_options(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether any known-good hashes are specified as options.
+
+        These activate --require-hashes mode; hashes specified as part of a
+        URL do not.
+
+        """
+        return bool(self.hash_options)
+
+    def hashes(self, trust_internet: bool = True) -> Hashes:
+        """Return a hash-comparer that considers my option- and URL-based
+        hashes to be known-good.
+
+        Hashes in URLs--ones embedded in the requirements file, not ones
+        downloaded from an index server--are almost peers with ones from
+        flags. They satisfy --require-hashes (whether it was implicitly or
+        explicitly activated) but do not activate it. md5 and sha224 are not
+        allowed in flags, which should nudge people toward good algos. We
+        always OR all hashes together, even ones from URLs.
+
+        :param trust_internet: Whether to trust URL-based (#md5=...) hashes
+            downloaded from the internet, as by populate_link()
+
+        """
+        good_hashes = self.hash_options.copy()
+        if trust_internet:
+            link = self.link
+        elif self.is_direct and self.user_supplied:
+            link = self.original_link
+        else:
+            link = None
+        if link and link.hash:
+            assert link.hash_name is not None
+            good_hashes.setdefault(link.hash_name, []).append(link.hash)
+        return Hashes(good_hashes)
+
+    def from_path(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Format a nice indicator to show where this "comes from" """
+        if self.req is None:
+            return None
+        s = str(self.req)
+        if self.comes_from:
+            comes_from: Optional[str]
+            if isinstance(self.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from = self.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = self.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                s += "->" + comes_from
+        return s
+
+    def ensure_build_location(
+        self, build_dir: str, autodelete: bool, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> str:
+        assert build_dir is not None
+        if self._temp_build_dir is not None:
+            assert self._temp_build_dir.path
+            return self._temp_build_dir.path
+        if self.req is None:
+            # Some systems have /tmp as a symlink which confuses custom
+            # builds (such as numpy). Thus, we ensure that the real path
+            # is returned.
+            self._temp_build_dir = TempDirectory(
+                kind=tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD, globally_managed=True
+            )
+
+            return self._temp_build_dir.path
+
+        # This is the only remaining place where we manually determine the path
+        # for the temporary directory. It is only needed for editables where
+        # it is the value of the --src option.
+
+        # When parallel builds are enabled, add a UUID to the build directory
+        # name so multiple builds do not interfere with each other.
+        dir_name: str = canonicalize_name(self.req.name)
+        if parallel_builds:
+            dir_name = f"{dir_name}_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+        # FIXME: Is there a better place to create the build_dir? (hg and bzr
+        # need this)
+        if not os.path.exists(build_dir):
+            logger.debug("Creating directory %s", build_dir)
+            os.makedirs(build_dir)
+        actual_build_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, dir_name)
+        # `None` indicates that we respect the globally-configured deletion
+        # settings, which is what we actually want when auto-deleting.
+        delete_arg = None if autodelete else False
+        return TempDirectory(
+            path=actual_build_dir,
+            delete=delete_arg,
+            kind=tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD,
+            globally_managed=True,
+        ).path
+
+    def _set_requirement(self) -> None:
+        """Set requirement after generating metadata."""
+        assert self.req is None
+        assert self.metadata is not None
+        assert self.source_dir is not None
+
+        # Construct a Requirement object from the generated metadata
+        if isinstance(parse_version(self.metadata["Version"]), Version):
+            op = "=="
+        else:
+            op = "==="
+
+        self.req = Requirement(
+            "".join(
+                [
+                    self.metadata["Name"],
+                    op,
+                    self.metadata["Version"],
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
+    def warn_on_mismatching_name(self) -> None:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        metadata_name = canonicalize_name(self.metadata["Name"])
+        if canonicalize_name(self.req.name) == metadata_name:
+            # Everything is fine.
+            return
+
+        # If we're here, there's a mismatch. Log a warning about it.
+        logger.warning(
+            "Generating metadata for package %s "
+            "produced metadata for project name %s. Fix your "
+            "#egg=%s fragments.",
+            self.name,
+            metadata_name,
+            self.name,
+        )
+        self.req = Requirement(metadata_name)
+
+    def check_if_exists(self, use_user_site: bool) -> None:
+        """Find an installed distribution that satisfies or conflicts
+        with this requirement, and set self.satisfied_by or
+        self.should_reinstall appropriately.
+        """
+        if self.req is None:
+            return
+        existing_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(self.req.name)
+        if not existing_dist:
+            return
+
+        version_compatible = self.req.specifier.contains(
+            existing_dist.version,
+            prereleases=True,
+        )
+        if not version_compatible:
+            self.satisfied_by = None
+            if use_user_site:
+                if existing_dist.in_usersite:
+                    self.should_reinstall = True
+                elif running_under_virtualenv() and existing_dist.in_site_packages:
+                    raise InstallationError(
+                        f"Will not install to the user site because it will "
+                        f"lack sys.path precedence to {existing_dist.raw_name} "
+                        f"in {existing_dist.location}"
+                    )
+            else:
+                self.should_reinstall = True
+        else:
+            if self.editable:
+                self.should_reinstall = True
+                # when installing editables, nothing pre-existing should ever
+                # satisfy
+                self.satisfied_by = None
+            else:
+                self.satisfied_by = existing_dist
+
+    # Things valid for wheels
+    @property
+    def is_wheel(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.link:
+            return False
+        return self.link.is_wheel
+
+    @property
+    def is_wheel_from_cache(self) -> bool:
+        # When True, it means that this InstallRequirement is a local wheel file in the
+        # cache of locally built wheels.
+        return self.cached_wheel_source_link is not None
+
+    # Things valid for sdists
+    @property
+    def unpacked_source_directory(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        return os.path.join(
+            self.source_dir, self.link and self.link.subdirectory_fragment or ""
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def setup_py_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        setup_py = os.path.join(self.unpacked_source_directory, "setup.py")
+
+        return setup_py
+
+    @property
+    def setup_cfg_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        setup_cfg = os.path.join(self.unpacked_source_directory, "setup.cfg")
+
+        return setup_cfg
+
+    @property
+    def pyproject_toml_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        return make_pyproject_path(self.unpacked_source_directory)
+
+    def load_pyproject_toml(self) -> None:
+        """Load the pyproject.toml file.
+
+        After calling this routine, all of the attributes related to PEP 517
+        processing for this requirement have been set. In particular, the
+        use_pep517 attribute can be used to determine whether we should
+        follow the PEP 517 or legacy (setup.py) code path.
+        """
+        pyproject_toml_data = load_pyproject_toml(
+            self.use_pep517, self.pyproject_toml_path, self.setup_py_path, str(self)
+        )
+
+        if pyproject_toml_data is None:
+            assert not self.config_settings
+            self.use_pep517 = False
+            return
+
+        self.use_pep517 = True
+        requires, backend, check, backend_path = pyproject_toml_data
+        self.requirements_to_check = check
+        self.pyproject_requires = requires
+        self.pep517_backend = ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller(
+            self,
+            self.unpacked_source_directory,
+            backend,
+            backend_path=backend_path,
+        )
+
+    def isolated_editable_sanity_check(self) -> None:
+        """Check that an editable requirement if valid for use with PEP 517/518.
+
+        This verifies that an editable that has a pyproject.toml either supports PEP 660
+        or as a setup.py or a setup.cfg
+        """
+        if (
+            self.editable
+            and self.use_pep517
+            and not self.supports_pyproject_editable()
+            and not os.path.isfile(self.setup_py_path)
+            and not os.path.isfile(self.setup_cfg_path)
+        ):
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Project {self} has a 'pyproject.toml' and its build "
+                f"backend is missing the 'build_editable' hook. Since it does not "
+                f"have a 'setup.py' nor a 'setup.cfg', "
+                f"it cannot be installed in editable mode. "
+                f"Consider using a build backend that supports PEP 660."
+            )
+
+    def prepare_metadata(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure that project metadata is available.
+
+        Under PEP 517 and PEP 660, call the backend hook to prepare the metadata.
+        Under legacy processing, call setup.py egg-info.
+        """
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        details = self.name or f"from {self.link}"
+
+        if self.use_pep517:
+            assert self.pep517_backend is not None
+            if (
+                self.editable
+                and self.permit_editable_wheels
+                and self.supports_pyproject_editable()
+            ):
+                self.metadata_directory = generate_editable_metadata(
+                    build_env=self.build_env,
+                    backend=self.pep517_backend,
+                    details=details,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.metadata_directory = generate_metadata(
+                    build_env=self.build_env,
+                    backend=self.pep517_backend,
+                    details=details,
+                )
+        else:
+            self.metadata_directory = generate_metadata_legacy(
+                build_env=self.build_env,
+                setup_py_path=self.setup_py_path,
+                source_dir=self.unpacked_source_directory,
+                isolated=self.isolated,
+                details=details,
+            )
+
+        # Act on the newly generated metadata, based on the name and version.
+        if not self.name:
+            self._set_requirement()
+        else:
+            self.warn_on_mismatching_name()
+
+        self.assert_source_matches_version()
+
+    @property
+    def metadata(self) -> Any:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_metadata"):
+            self._metadata = self.get_dist().metadata
+
+        return self._metadata
+
+    def get_dist(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        if self.metadata_directory:
+            return get_directory_distribution(self.metadata_directory)
+        elif self.local_file_path and self.is_wheel:
+            assert self.req is not None
+            return get_wheel_distribution(
+                FilesystemWheel(self.local_file_path),
+                canonicalize_name(self.req.name),
+            )
+        raise AssertionError(
+            f"InstallRequirement {self} has no metadata directory and no wheel: "
+            f"can't make a distribution."
+        )
+
+    def assert_source_matches_version(self) -> None:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        version = self.metadata["version"]
+        if self.req and self.req.specifier and version not in self.req.specifier:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Requested %s, but installing version %s",
+                self,
+                version,
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Source in %s has version %s, which satisfies requirement %s",
+                display_path(self.source_dir),
+                version,
+                self,
+            )
+
+    # For both source distributions and editables
+    def ensure_has_source_dir(
+        self,
+        parent_dir: str,
+        autodelete: bool = False,
+        parallel_builds: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure that a source_dir is set.
+
+        This will create a temporary build dir if the name of the requirement
+        isn't known yet.
+
+        :param parent_dir: The ideal pip parent_dir for the source_dir.
+            Generally src_dir for editables and build_dir for sdists.
+        :return: self.source_dir
+        """
+        if self.source_dir is None:
+            self.source_dir = self.ensure_build_location(
+                parent_dir,
+                autodelete=autodelete,
+                parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+            )
+
+    def needs_unpacked_archive(self, archive_source: Path) -> None:
+        assert self._archive_source is None
+        self._archive_source = archive_source
+
+    def ensure_pristine_source_checkout(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure the source directory has not yet been built in."""
+        assert self.source_dir is not None
+        if self._archive_source is not None:
+            unpack_file(str(self._archive_source), self.source_dir)
+        elif is_installable_dir(self.source_dir):
+            # If a checkout exists, it's unwise to keep going.
+            # version inconsistencies are logged later, but do not fail
+            # the installation.
+            raise PreviousBuildDirError(
+                f"pip can't proceed with requirements '{self}' due to a "
+                f"pre-existing build directory ({self.source_dir}). This is likely "
+                "due to a previous installation that failed . pip is "
+                "being responsible and not assuming it can delete this. "
+                "Please delete it and try again."
+            )
+
+    # For editable installations
+    def update_editable(self) -> None:
+        if not self.link:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Cannot update repository at %s; repository location is unknown",
+                self.source_dir,
+            )
+            return
+        assert self.editable
+        assert self.source_dir
+        if self.link.scheme == "file":
+            # Static paths don't get updated
+            return
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(self.link.scheme)
+        # Editable requirements are validated in Requirement constructors.
+        # So here, if it's neither a path nor a valid VCS URL, it's a bug.
+        assert vcs_backend, f"Unsupported VCS URL {self.link.url}"
+        hidden_url = hide_url(self.link.url)
+        vcs_backend.obtain(self.source_dir, url=hidden_url, verbosity=0)
+
+    # Top-level Actions
+    def uninstall(
+        self, auto_confirm: bool = False, verbose: bool = False
+    ) -> Optional[UninstallPathSet]:
+        """
+        Uninstall the distribution currently satisfying this requirement.
+
+        Prompts before removing or modifying files unless
+        ``auto_confirm`` is True.
+
+        Refuses to delete or modify files outside of ``sys.prefix`` -
+        thus uninstallation within a virtual environment can only
+        modify that virtual environment, even if the virtualenv is
+        linked to global site-packages.
+
+        """
+        assert self.req
+        dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(self.req.name)
+        if not dist:
+            logger.warning("Skipping %s as it is not installed.", self.name)
+            return None
+        logger.info("Found existing installation: %s", dist)
+
+        uninstalled_pathset = UninstallPathSet.from_dist(dist)
+        uninstalled_pathset.remove(auto_confirm, verbose)
+        return uninstalled_pathset
+
+    def _get_archive_name(self, path: str, parentdir: str, rootdir: str) -> str:
+        def _clean_zip_name(name: str, prefix: str) -> str:
+            assert name.startswith(
+                prefix + os.path.sep
+            ), f"name {name!r} doesn't start with prefix {prefix!r}"
+            name = name[len(prefix) + 1 :]
+            name = name.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+            return name
+
+        assert self.req is not None
+        path = os.path.join(parentdir, path)
+        name = _clean_zip_name(path, rootdir)
+        return self.req.name + "/" + name
+
+    def archive(self, build_dir: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        """Saves archive to provided build_dir.
+
+        Used for saving downloaded VCS requirements as part of `pip download`.
+        """
+        assert self.source_dir
+        if build_dir is None:
+            return
+
+        create_archive = True
+        archive_name = "{}-{}.zip".format(self.name, self.metadata["version"])
+        archive_path = os.path.join(build_dir, archive_name)
+
+        if os.path.exists(archive_path):
+            response = ask_path_exists(
+                f"The file {display_path(archive_path)} exists. (i)gnore, (w)ipe, "
+                "(b)ackup, (a)bort ",
+                ("i", "w", "b", "a"),
+            )
+            if response == "i":
+                create_archive = False
+            elif response == "w":
+                logger.warning("Deleting %s", display_path(archive_path))
+                os.remove(archive_path)
+            elif response == "b":
+                dest_file = backup_dir(archive_path)
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Backing up %s to %s",
+                    display_path(archive_path),
+                    display_path(dest_file),
+                )
+                shutil.move(archive_path, dest_file)
+            elif response == "a":
+                sys.exit(-1)
+
+        if not create_archive:
+            return
+
+        zip_output = zipfile.ZipFile(
+            archive_path,
+            "w",
+            zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED,
+            allowZip64=True,
+        )
+        with zip_output:
+            dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(self.unpacked_source_directory))
+            for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dir):
+                for dirname in dirnames:
+                    dir_arcname = self._get_archive_name(
+                        dirname,
+                        parentdir=dirpath,
+                        rootdir=dir,
+                    )
+                    zipdir = zipfile.ZipInfo(dir_arcname + "/")
+                    zipdir.external_attr = 0x1ED << 16  # 0o755
+                    zip_output.writestr(zipdir, "")
+                for filename in filenames:
+                    file_arcname = self._get_archive_name(
+                        filename,
+                        parentdir=dirpath,
+                        rootdir=dir,
+                    )
+                    filename = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+                    zip_output.write(filename, file_arcname)
+
+        logger.info("Saved %s", display_path(archive_path))
+
+    def install(
+        self,
+        global_options: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+        root: Optional[str] = None,
+        home: Optional[str] = None,
+        prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+        warn_script_location: bool = True,
+        use_user_site: bool = False,
+        pycompile: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        scheme = get_scheme(
+            self.req.name,
+            user=use_user_site,
+            home=home,
+            root=root,
+            isolated=self.isolated,
+            prefix=prefix,
+        )
+
+        if self.editable and not self.is_wheel:
+            if self.config_settings:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--config-settings ignored for legacy editable install of %s. "
+                    "Consider upgrading to a version of setuptools "
+                    "that supports PEP 660 (>= 64).",
+                    self,
+                )
+            install_editable_legacy(
+                global_options=global_options if global_options is not None else [],
+                prefix=prefix,
+                home=home,
+                use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                name=self.req.name,
+                setup_py_path=self.setup_py_path,
+                isolated=self.isolated,
+                build_env=self.build_env,
+                unpacked_source_directory=self.unpacked_source_directory,
+            )
+            self.install_succeeded = True
+            return
+
+        assert self.is_wheel
+        assert self.local_file_path
+
+        install_wheel(
+            self.req.name,
+            self.local_file_path,
+            scheme=scheme,
+            req_description=str(self.req),
+            pycompile=pycompile,
+            warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+            direct_url=self.download_info if self.is_direct else None,
+            requested=self.user_supplied,
+        )
+        self.install_succeeded = True
+
+
+def check_invalid_constraint_type(req: InstallRequirement) -> str:
+    # Check for unsupported forms
+    problem = ""
+    if not req.name:
+        problem = "Unnamed requirements are not allowed as constraints"
+    elif req.editable:
+        problem = "Editable requirements are not allowed as constraints"
+    elif req.extras:
+        problem = "Constraints cannot have extras"
+
+    if problem:
+        deprecated(
+            reason=(
+                "Constraints are only allowed to take the form of a package "
+                "name and a version specifier. Other forms were originally "
+                "permitted as an accident of the implementation, but were "
+                "undocumented. The new implementation of the resolver no "
+                "longer supports these forms."
+            ),
+            replacement="replacing the constraint with a requirement",
+            # No plan yet for when the new resolver becomes default
+            gone_in=None,
+            issue=8210,
+        )
+
+    return problem
+
+
+def _has_option(options: Values, reqs: List[InstallRequirement], option: str) -> bool:
+    if getattr(options, option, None):
+        return True
+    for req in reqs:
+        if getattr(req, option, None):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def check_legacy_setup_py_options(
+    options: Values,
+    reqs: List[InstallRequirement],
+) -> None:
+    has_build_options = _has_option(options, reqs, "build_options")
+    has_global_options = _has_option(options, reqs, "global_options")
+    if has_build_options or has_global_options:
+        deprecated(
+            reason="--build-option and --global-option are deprecated.",
+            issue=11859,
+            replacement="to use --config-settings",
+            gone_in="24.2",
+        )
+        logger.warning(
+            "Implying --no-binary=:all: due to the presence of "
+            "--build-option / --global-option. "
+        )
+        options.format_control.disallow_binaries()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf36114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import logging
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from typing import Dict, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import LegacySpecifier
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RequirementSet:
+    def __init__(self, check_supported_wheels: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Create a RequirementSet."""
+
+        self.requirements: Dict[str, InstallRequirement] = OrderedDict()
+        self.check_supported_wheels = check_supported_wheels
+
+        self.unnamed_requirements: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        requirements = sorted(
+            (req for req in self.requirements.values() if not req.comes_from),
+            key=lambda req: canonicalize_name(req.name or ""),
+        )
+        return " ".join(str(req.req) for req in requirements)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        requirements = sorted(
+            self.requirements.values(),
+            key=lambda req: canonicalize_name(req.name or ""),
+        )
+
+        format_string = "<{classname} object; {count} requirement(s): {reqs}>"
+        return format_string.format(
+            classname=self.__class__.__name__,
+            count=len(requirements),
+            reqs=", ".join(str(req.req) for req in requirements),
+        )
+
+    def add_unnamed_requirement(self, install_req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert not install_req.name
+        self.unnamed_requirements.append(install_req)
+
+    def add_named_requirement(self, install_req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert install_req.name
+
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(install_req.name)
+        self.requirements[project_name] = install_req
+
+    def has_requirement(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+
+        return (
+            project_name in self.requirements
+            and not self.requirements[project_name].constraint
+        )
+
+    def get_requirement(self, name: str) -> InstallRequirement:
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+
+        if project_name in self.requirements:
+            return self.requirements[project_name]
+
+        raise KeyError(f"No project with the name {name!r}")
+
+    @property
+    def all_requirements(self) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        return self.unnamed_requirements + list(self.requirements.values())
+
+    @property
+    def requirements_to_install(self) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Return the list of requirements that need to be installed.
+
+        TODO remove this property together with the legacy resolver, since the new
+             resolver only returns requirements that need to be installed.
+        """
+        return [
+            install_req
+            for install_req in self.all_requirements
+            if not install_req.constraint and not install_req.satisfied_by
+        ]
+
+    def warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(self) -> None:
+        for req in self.requirements_to_install:
+            version = req.get_dist().version
+            if isinstance(version, LegacyVersion):
+                deprecated(
+                    reason=(
+                        f"pip has selected the non standard version {version} "
+                        f"of {req}. In the future this version will be "
+                        f"ignored as it isn't standard compliant."
+                    ),
+                    replacement=(
+                        "set or update constraints to select another version "
+                        "or contact the package author to fix the version number"
+                    ),
+                    issue=12063,
+                    gone_in="24.1",
+                )
+            for dep in req.get_dist().iter_dependencies():
+                if any(isinstance(spec, LegacySpecifier) for spec in dep.specifier):
+                    deprecated(
+                        reason=(
+                            f"pip has selected {req} {version} which has non "
+                            f"standard dependency specifier {dep}. "
+                            f"In the future this version of {req} will be "
+                            f"ignored as it isn't standard compliant."
+                        ),
+                        replacement=(
+                            "set or update constraints to select another version "
+                            "or contact the package author to fix the version number"
+                        ),
+                        issue=12063,
+                        gone_in="24.1",
+                    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..707fde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from importlib.util import cache_from_source
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import UninstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_bin_prefix, get_bin_user
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_location
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger, indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ask, normalize_path, renames, rmtree
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import AdjacentTempDirectory, TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _script_names(
+    bin_dir: str, script_name: str, is_gui: bool
+) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """Create the fully qualified name of the files created by
+    {console,gui}_scripts for the given ``dist``.
+    Returns the list of file names
+    """
+    exe_name = os.path.join(bin_dir, script_name)
+    yield exe_name
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return
+    yield f"{exe_name}.exe"
+    yield f"{exe_name}.exe.manifest"
+    if is_gui:
+        yield f"{exe_name}-script.pyw"
+    else:
+        yield f"{exe_name}-script.py"
+
+
+def _unique(
+    fn: Callable[..., Generator[Any, None, None]]
+) -> Callable[..., Generator[Any, None, None]]:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def unique(*args: Any, **kw: Any) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        seen: Set[Any] = set()
+        for item in fn(*args, **kw):
+            if item not in seen:
+                seen.add(item)
+                yield item
+
+    return unique
+
+
+@_unique
+def uninstallation_paths(dist: BaseDistribution) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """
+    Yield all the uninstallation paths for dist based on RECORD-without-.py[co]
+
+    Yield paths to all the files in RECORD. For each .py file in RECORD, add
+    the .pyc and .pyo in the same directory.
+
+    UninstallPathSet.add() takes care of the __pycache__ .py[co].
+
+    If RECORD is not found, raises UninstallationError,
+    with possible information from the INSTALLER file.
+
+    https://packaging.python.org/specifications/recording-installed-packages/
+    """
+    location = dist.location
+    assert location is not None, "not installed"
+
+    entries = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+    if entries is None:
+        msg = f"Cannot uninstall {dist}, RECORD file not found."
+        installer = dist.installer
+        if not installer or installer == "pip":
+            dep = f"{dist.raw_name}=={dist.version}"
+            msg += (
+                " You might be able to recover from this via: "
+                f"'pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps {dep}'."
+            )
+        else:
+            msg += f" Hint: The package was installed by {installer}."
+        raise UninstallationError(msg)
+
+    for entry in entries:
+        path = os.path.join(location, entry)
+        yield path
+        if path.endswith(".py"):
+            dn, fn = os.path.split(path)
+            base = fn[:-3]
+            path = os.path.join(dn, base + ".pyc")
+            yield path
+            path = os.path.join(dn, base + ".pyo")
+            yield path
+
+
+def compact(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Compact a path set to contain the minimal number of paths
+    necessary to contain all paths in the set. If /a/path/ and
+    /a/path/to/a/file.txt are both in the set, leave only the
+    shorter path."""
+
+    sep = os.path.sep
+    short_paths: Set[str] = set()
+    for path in sorted(paths, key=len):
+        should_skip = any(
+            path.startswith(shortpath.rstrip("*"))
+            and path[len(shortpath.rstrip("*").rstrip(sep))] == sep
+            for shortpath in short_paths
+        )
+        if not should_skip:
+            short_paths.add(path)
+    return short_paths
+
+
+def compress_for_rename(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Returns a set containing the paths that need to be renamed.
+
+    This set may include directories when the original sequence of paths
+    included every file on disk.
+    """
+    case_map = {os.path.normcase(p): p for p in paths}
+    remaining = set(case_map)
+    unchecked = sorted({os.path.split(p)[0] for p in case_map.values()}, key=len)
+    wildcards: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def norm_join(*a: str) -> str:
+        return os.path.normcase(os.path.join(*a))
+
+    for root in unchecked:
+        if any(os.path.normcase(root).startswith(w) for w in wildcards):
+            # This directory has already been handled.
+            continue
+
+        all_files: Set[str] = set()
+        all_subdirs: Set[str] = set()
+        for dirname, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):
+            all_subdirs.update(norm_join(root, dirname, d) for d in subdirs)
+            all_files.update(norm_join(root, dirname, f) for f in files)
+        # If all the files we found are in our remaining set of files to
+        # remove, then remove them from the latter set and add a wildcard
+        # for the directory.
+        if not (all_files - remaining):
+            remaining.difference_update(all_files)
+            wildcards.add(root + os.sep)
+
+    return set(map(case_map.__getitem__, remaining)) | wildcards
+
+
+def compress_for_output_listing(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[Set[str], Set[str]]:
+    """Returns a tuple of 2 sets of which paths to display to user
+
+    The first set contains paths that would be deleted. Files of a package
+    are not added and the top-level directory of the package has a '*' added
+    at the end - to signify that all it's contents are removed.
+
+    The second set contains files that would have been skipped in the above
+    folders.
+    """
+
+    will_remove = set(paths)
+    will_skip = set()
+
+    # Determine folders and files
+    folders = set()
+    files = set()
+    for path in will_remove:
+        if path.endswith(".pyc"):
+            continue
+        if path.endswith("__init__.py") or ".dist-info" in path:
+            folders.add(os.path.dirname(path))
+        files.add(path)
+
+    _normcased_files = set(map(os.path.normcase, files))
+
+    folders = compact(folders)
+
+    # This walks the tree using os.walk to not miss extra folders
+    # that might get added.
+    for folder in folders:
+        for dirpath, _, dirfiles in os.walk(folder):
+            for fname in dirfiles:
+                if fname.endswith(".pyc"):
+                    continue
+
+                file_ = os.path.join(dirpath, fname)
+                if (
+                    os.path.isfile(file_)
+                    and os.path.normcase(file_) not in _normcased_files
+                ):
+                    # We are skipping this file. Add it to the set.
+                    will_skip.add(file_)
+
+    will_remove = files | {os.path.join(folder, "*") for folder in folders}
+
+    return will_remove, will_skip
+
+
+class StashedUninstallPathSet:
+    """A set of file rename operations to stash files while
+    tentatively uninstalling them."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Mapping from source file root to [Adjacent]TempDirectory
+        # for files under that directory.
+        self._save_dirs: Dict[str, TempDirectory] = {}
+        # (old path, new path) tuples for each move that may need
+        # to be undone.
+        self._moves: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+    def _get_directory_stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes a directory.
+
+        Directories are stashed adjacent to their original location if
+        possible, or else moved/copied into the user's temp dir."""
+
+        try:
+            save_dir: TempDirectory = AdjacentTempDirectory(path)
+        except OSError:
+            save_dir = TempDirectory(kind="uninstall")
+        self._save_dirs[os.path.normcase(path)] = save_dir
+
+        return save_dir.path
+
+    def _get_file_stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes a file.
+
+        If no root has been provided, one will be created for the directory
+        in the user's temp directory."""
+        path = os.path.normcase(path)
+        head, old_head = os.path.dirname(path), None
+        save_dir = None
+
+        while head != old_head:
+            try:
+                save_dir = self._save_dirs[head]
+                break
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            head, old_head = os.path.dirname(head), head
+        else:
+            # Did not find any suitable root
+            head = os.path.dirname(path)
+            save_dir = TempDirectory(kind="uninstall")
+            self._save_dirs[head] = save_dir
+
+        relpath = os.path.relpath(path, head)
+        if relpath and relpath != os.path.curdir:
+            return os.path.join(save_dir.path, relpath)
+        return save_dir.path
+
+    def stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes the directory or file and returns its new location.
+        Handle symlinks as files to avoid modifying the symlink targets.
+        """
+        path_is_dir = os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.islink(path)
+        if path_is_dir:
+            new_path = self._get_directory_stash(path)
+        else:
+            new_path = self._get_file_stash(path)
+
+        self._moves.append((path, new_path))
+        if path_is_dir and os.path.isdir(new_path):
+            # If we're moving a directory, we need to
+            # remove the destination first or else it will be
+            # moved to inside the existing directory.
+            # We just created new_path ourselves, so it will
+            # be removable.
+            os.rmdir(new_path)
+        renames(path, new_path)
+        return new_path
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commits the uninstall by removing stashed files."""
+        for save_dir in self._save_dirs.values():
+            save_dir.cleanup()
+        self._moves = []
+        self._save_dirs = {}
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Undoes the uninstall by moving stashed files back."""
+        for p in self._moves:
+            logger.info("Moving to %s\n from %s", *p)
+
+        for new_path, path in self._moves:
+            try:
+                logger.debug("Replacing %s from %s", new_path, path)
+                if os.path.isfile(new_path) or os.path.islink(new_path):
+                    os.unlink(new_path)
+                elif os.path.isdir(new_path):
+                    rmtree(new_path)
+                renames(path, new_path)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                logger.error("Failed to restore %s", new_path)
+                logger.debug("Exception: %s", ex)
+
+        self.commit()
+
+    @property
+    def can_rollback(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._moves)
+
+
+class UninstallPathSet:
+    """A set of file paths to be removed in the uninstallation of a
+    requirement."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> None:
+        self._paths: Set[str] = set()
+        self._refuse: Set[str] = set()
+        self._pth: Dict[str, UninstallPthEntries] = {}
+        self._dist = dist
+        self._moved_paths = StashedUninstallPathSet()
+        # Create local cache of normalize_path results. Creating an UninstallPathSet
+        # can result in hundreds/thousands of redundant calls to normalize_path with
+        # the same args, which hurts performance.
+        self._normalize_path_cached = functools.lru_cache()(normalize_path)
+
+    def _permitted(self, path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the given path is one we are permitted to
+        remove/modify, False otherwise.
+
+        """
+        # aka is_local, but caching normalized sys.prefix
+        if not running_under_virtualenv():
+            return True
+        return path.startswith(self._normalize_path_cached(sys.prefix))
+
+    def add(self, path: str) -> None:
+        head, tail = os.path.split(path)
+
+        # we normalize the head to resolve parent directory symlinks, but not
+        # the tail, since we only want to uninstall symlinks, not their targets
+        path = os.path.join(self._normalize_path_cached(head), os.path.normcase(tail))
+
+        if not os.path.exists(path):
+            return
+        if self._permitted(path):
+            self._paths.add(path)
+        else:
+            self._refuse.add(path)
+
+        # __pycache__ files can show up after 'installed-files.txt' is created,
+        # due to imports
+        if os.path.splitext(path)[1] == ".py":
+            self.add(cache_from_source(path))
+
+    def add_pth(self, pth_file: str, entry: str) -> None:
+        pth_file = self._normalize_path_cached(pth_file)
+        if self._permitted(pth_file):
+            if pth_file not in self._pth:
+                self._pth[pth_file] = UninstallPthEntries(pth_file)
+            self._pth[pth_file].add(entry)
+        else:
+            self._refuse.add(pth_file)
+
+    def remove(self, auto_confirm: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Remove paths in ``self._paths`` with confirmation (unless
+        ``auto_confirm`` is True)."""
+
+        if not self._paths:
+            logger.info(
+                "Can't uninstall '%s'. No files were found to uninstall.",
+                self._dist.raw_name,
+            )
+            return
+
+        dist_name_version = f"{self._dist.raw_name}-{self._dist.version}"
+        logger.info("Uninstalling %s:", dist_name_version)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            if auto_confirm or self._allowed_to_proceed(verbose):
+                moved = self._moved_paths
+
+                for_rename = compress_for_rename(self._paths)
+
+                for path in sorted(compact(for_rename)):
+                    moved.stash(path)
+                    logger.verbose("Removing file or directory %s", path)
+
+                for pth in self._pth.values():
+                    pth.remove()
+
+                logger.info("Successfully uninstalled %s", dist_name_version)
+
+    def _allowed_to_proceed(self, verbose: bool) -> bool:
+        """Display which files would be deleted and prompt for confirmation"""
+
+        def _display(msg: str, paths: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+            if not paths:
+                return
+
+            logger.info(msg)
+            with indent_log():
+                for path in sorted(compact(paths)):
+                    logger.info(path)
+
+        if not verbose:
+            will_remove, will_skip = compress_for_output_listing(self._paths)
+        else:
+            # In verbose mode, display all the files that are going to be
+            # deleted.
+            will_remove = set(self._paths)
+            will_skip = set()
+
+        _display("Would remove:", will_remove)
+        _display("Would not remove (might be manually added):", will_skip)
+        _display("Would not remove (outside of prefix):", self._refuse)
+        if verbose:
+            _display("Will actually move:", compress_for_rename(self._paths))
+
+        return ask("Proceed (Y/n)? ", ("y", "n", "")) != "n"
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the changes previously made by remove()."""
+        if not self._moved_paths.can_rollback:
+            logger.error(
+                "Can't roll back %s; was not uninstalled",
+                self._dist.raw_name,
+            )
+            return
+        logger.info("Rolling back uninstall of %s", self._dist.raw_name)
+        self._moved_paths.rollback()
+        for pth in self._pth.values():
+            pth.rollback()
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Remove temporary save dir: rollback will no longer be possible."""
+        self._moved_paths.commit()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dist(cls, dist: BaseDistribution) -> "UninstallPathSet":
+        dist_location = dist.location
+        info_location = dist.info_location
+        if dist_location is None:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s since it is not installed",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        normalized_dist_location = normalize_path(dist_location)
+        if not dist.local:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s at %s, outside environment %s",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                normalized_dist_location,
+                sys.prefix,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        if normalized_dist_location in {
+            p
+            for p in {sysconfig.get_path("stdlib"), sysconfig.get_path("platstdlib")}
+            if p
+        }:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s at %s, as it is in the standard library.",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                normalized_dist_location,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        paths_to_remove = cls(dist)
+        develop_egg_link = egg_link_path_from_location(dist.raw_name)
+
+        # Distribution is installed with metadata in a "flat" .egg-info
+        # directory. This means it is not a modern .dist-info installation, an
+        # egg, or legacy editable.
+        setuptools_flat_installation = (
+            dist.installed_with_setuptools_egg_info
+            and info_location is not None
+            and os.path.exists(info_location)
+            # If dist is editable and the location points to a ``.egg-info``,
+            # we are in fact in the legacy editable case.
+            and not info_location.endswith(f"{dist.setuptools_filename}.egg-info")
+        )
+
+        # Uninstall cases order do matter as in the case of 2 installs of the
+        # same package, pip needs to uninstall the currently detected version
+        if setuptools_flat_installation:
+            if info_location is not None:
+                paths_to_remove.add(info_location)
+            installed_files = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+            if installed_files is not None:
+                for installed_file in installed_files:
+                    paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(dist_location, installed_file))
+            # FIXME: need a test for this elif block
+            # occurs with --single-version-externally-managed/--record outside
+            # of pip
+            elif dist.is_file("top_level.txt"):
+                try:
+                    namespace_packages = dist.read_text("namespace_packages.txt")
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    namespaces = []
+                else:
+                    namespaces = namespace_packages.splitlines(keepends=False)
+                for top_level_pkg in [
+                    p
+                    for p in dist.read_text("top_level.txt").splitlines()
+                    if p and p not in namespaces
+                ]:
+                    path = os.path.join(dist_location, top_level_pkg)
+                    paths_to_remove.add(path)
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.py")
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.pyc")
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.pyo")
+
+        elif dist.installed_by_distutils:
+            raise UninstallationError(
+                "Cannot uninstall {!r}. It is a distutils installed project "
+                "and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong "
+                "to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.".format(
+                    dist.raw_name,
+                )
+            )
+
+        elif dist.installed_as_egg:
+            # package installed by easy_install
+            # We cannot match on dist.egg_name because it can slightly vary
+            # i.e. setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg vs setuptools-0.6rc11-py2.6.egg
+            paths_to_remove.add(dist_location)
+            easy_install_egg = os.path.split(dist_location)[1]
+            easy_install_pth = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(dist_location),
+                "easy-install.pth",
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add_pth(easy_install_pth, "./" + easy_install_egg)
+
+        elif dist.installed_with_dist_info:
+            for path in uninstallation_paths(dist):
+                paths_to_remove.add(path)
+
+        elif develop_egg_link:
+            # PEP 660 modern editable is handled in the ``.dist-info`` case
+            # above, so this only covers the setuptools-style editable.
+            with open(develop_egg_link) as fh:
+                link_pointer = os.path.normcase(fh.readline().strip())
+                normalized_link_pointer = paths_to_remove._normalize_path_cached(
+                    link_pointer
+                )
+            assert os.path.samefile(
+                normalized_link_pointer, normalized_dist_location
+            ), (
+                f"Egg-link {develop_egg_link} (to {link_pointer}) does not match "
+                f"installed location of {dist.raw_name} (at {dist_location})"
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add(develop_egg_link)
+            easy_install_pth = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(develop_egg_link), "easy-install.pth"
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add_pth(easy_install_pth, dist_location)
+
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Not sure how to uninstall: %s - Check: %s",
+                dist,
+                dist_location,
+            )
+
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            bin_dir = get_bin_user()
+        else:
+            bin_dir = get_bin_prefix()
+
+        # find distutils scripts= scripts
+        try:
+            for script in dist.iter_distutils_script_names():
+                paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(bin_dir, script))
+                if WINDOWS:
+                    paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(bin_dir, f"{script}.bat"))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+            pass
+
+        # find console_scripts and gui_scripts
+        def iter_scripts_to_remove(
+            dist: BaseDistribution,
+            bin_dir: str,
+        ) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+            for entry_point in dist.iter_entry_points():
+                if entry_point.group == "console_scripts":
+                    yield from _script_names(bin_dir, entry_point.name, False)
+                elif entry_point.group == "gui_scripts":
+                    yield from _script_names(bin_dir, entry_point.name, True)
+
+        for s in iter_scripts_to_remove(dist, bin_dir):
+            paths_to_remove.add(s)
+
+        return paths_to_remove
+
+
+class UninstallPthEntries:
+    def __init__(self, pth_file: str) -> None:
+        self.file = pth_file
+        self.entries: Set[str] = set()
+        self._saved_lines: Optional[List[bytes]] = None
+
+    def add(self, entry: str) -> None:
+        entry = os.path.normcase(entry)
+        # On Windows, os.path.normcase converts the entry to use
+        # backslashes.  This is correct for entries that describe absolute
+        # paths outside of site-packages, but all the others use forward
+        # slashes.
+        # os.path.splitdrive is used instead of os.path.isabs because isabs
+        # treats non-absolute paths with drive letter markings like c:foo\bar
+        # as absolute paths. It also does not recognize UNC paths if they don't
+        # have more than "\\sever\share". Valid examples: "\\server\share\" or
+        # "\\server\share\folder".
+        if WINDOWS and not os.path.splitdrive(entry)[0]:
+            entry = entry.replace("\\", "/")
+        self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def remove(self) -> None:
+        logger.verbose("Removing pth entries from %s:", self.file)
+
+        # If the file doesn't exist, log a warning and return
+        if not os.path.isfile(self.file):
+            logger.warning("Cannot remove entries from nonexistent file %s", self.file)
+            return
+        with open(self.file, "rb") as fh:
+            # windows uses '\r\n' with py3k, but uses '\n' with py2.x
+            lines = fh.readlines()
+            self._saved_lines = lines
+        if any(b"\r\n" in line for line in lines):
+            endline = "\r\n"
+        else:
+            endline = "\n"
+        # handle missing trailing newline
+        if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(endline.encode("utf-8")):
+            lines[-1] = lines[-1] + endline.encode("utf-8")
+        for entry in self.entries:
+            try:
+                logger.verbose("Removing entry: %s", entry)
+                lines.remove((entry + endline).encode("utf-8"))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as fh:
+            fh.writelines(lines)
+
+    def rollback(self) -> bool:
+        if self._saved_lines is None:
+            logger.error("Cannot roll back changes to %s, none were made", self.file)
+            return False
+        logger.debug("Rolling %s back to previous state", self.file)
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as fh:
+            fh.writelines(self._saved_lines)
+        return True
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42dade1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+
+InstallRequirementProvider = Callable[
+    [str, Optional[InstallRequirement]], InstallRequirement
+]
+
+
+class BaseResolver:
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/__init__.py
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ddb848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+"""Dependency Resolution
+
+The dependency resolution in pip is performed as follows:
+
+for top-level requirements:
+    a. only one spec allowed per project, regardless of conflicts or not.
+       otherwise a "double requirement" exception is raised
+    b. they override sub-dependency requirements.
+for sub-dependencies
+    a. "first found, wins" (where the order is breadth first)
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import logging
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import DefaultDict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    HashError,
+    HashErrors,
+    InstallationError,
+    NoneMetadataError,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils import compatibility_tags
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DiscoveredDependencies = DefaultDict[str, List[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def _check_dist_requires_python(
+    dist: BaseDistribution,
+    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Check whether the given Python version is compatible with a distribution's
+    "Requires-Python" value.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check.
+    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
+        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.
+
+    :raises UnsupportedPythonVersion: When the given Python version isn't
+        compatible.
+    """
+    # This idiosyncratically converts the SpecifierSet to str and let
+    # check_requires_python then parse it again into SpecifierSet. But this
+    # is the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
+    try:
+        requires_python = str(dist.requires_python)
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        raise NoneMetadataError(dist, str(e))
+    try:
+        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
+            requires_python,
+            version_info=version_info,
+        )
+    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s", dist.raw_name, exc
+        )
+        return
+
+    if is_compatible:
+        return
+
+    version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
+    if ignore_requires_python:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check for package %r: %s not in %r",
+            dist.raw_name,
+            version,
+            requires_python,
+        )
+        return
+
+    raise UnsupportedPythonVersion(
+        "Package {!r} requires a different Python: {} not in {!r}".format(
+            dist.raw_name, version, requires_python
+        )
+    )
+
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    """Resolves which packages need to be installed/uninstalled to perform \
+    the requested operation without breaking the requirements of any package.
+    """
+
+    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
+
+        if py_version_info is None:
+            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        else:
+            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+
+        self._py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self.finder = finder
+        self.wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+
+        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self.force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self.ignore_installed = ignore_installed
+        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._make_install_req = make_install_req
+
+        self._discovered_dependencies: DiscoveredDependencies = defaultdict(list)
+
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        """Resolve what operations need to be done
+
+        As a side-effect of this method, the packages (and their dependencies)
+        are downloaded, unpacked and prepared for installation. This
+        preparation is done by ``pip.operations.prepare``.
+
+        Once PyPI has static dependency metadata available, it would be
+        possible to move the preparation to become a step separated from
+        dependency resolution.
+        """
+        requirement_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
+        for req in root_reqs:
+            if req.constraint:
+                check_invalid_constraint_type(req)
+            self._add_requirement_to_set(requirement_set, req)
+
+        # Actually prepare the files, and collect any exceptions. Most hash
+        # exceptions cannot be checked ahead of time, because
+        # _populate_link() needs to be called before we can make decisions
+        # based on link type.
+        discovered_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        hash_errors = HashErrors()
+        for req in chain(requirement_set.all_requirements, discovered_reqs):
+            try:
+                discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))
+            except HashError as exc:
+                exc.req = req
+                hash_errors.append(exc)
+
+        if hash_errors:
+            raise hash_errors
+
+        return requirement_set
+
+    def _add_requirement_to_set(
+        self,
+        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
+        install_req: InstallRequirement,
+        parent_req_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], Optional[InstallRequirement]]:
+        """Add install_req as a requirement to install.
+
+        :param parent_req_name: The name of the requirement that needed this
+            added. The name is used because when multiple unnamed requirements
+            resolve to the same name, we could otherwise end up with dependency
+            links that point outside the Requirements set. parent_req must
+            already be added. Note that None implies that this is a user
+            supplied requirement, vs an inferred one.
+        :param extras_requested: an iterable of extras used to evaluate the
+            environment markers.
+        :return: Additional requirements to scan. That is either [] if
+            the requirement is not applicable, or [install_req] if the
+            requirement is applicable and has just been added.
+        """
+        # If the markers do not match, ignore this requirement.
+        if not install_req.match_markers(extras_requested):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                install_req.name,
+                install_req.markers,
+            )
+            return [], None
+
+        # If the wheel is not supported, raise an error.
+        # Should check this after filtering out based on environment markers to
+        # allow specifying different wheels based on the environment/OS, in a
+        # single requirements file.
+        if install_req.link and install_req.link.is_wheel:
+            wheel = Wheel(install_req.link.filename)
+            tags = compatibility_tags.get_supported()
+            if requirement_set.check_supported_wheels and not wheel.supported(tags):
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+                )
+
+        # This next bit is really a sanity check.
+        assert (
+            not install_req.user_supplied or parent_req_name is None
+        ), "a user supplied req shouldn't have a parent"
+
+        # Unnamed requirements are scanned again and the requirement won't be
+        # added as a dependency until after scanning.
+        if not install_req.name:
+            requirement_set.add_unnamed_requirement(install_req)
+            return [install_req], None
+
+        try:
+            existing_req: Optional[
+                InstallRequirement
+            ] = requirement_set.get_requirement(install_req.name)
+        except KeyError:
+            existing_req = None
+
+        has_conflicting_requirement = (
+            parent_req_name is None
+            and existing_req
+            and not existing_req.constraint
+            and existing_req.extras == install_req.extras
+            and existing_req.req
+            and install_req.req
+            and existing_req.req.specifier != install_req.req.specifier
+        )
+        if has_conflicting_requirement:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Double requirement given: {} (already in {}, name={!r})".format(
+                    install_req, existing_req, install_req.name
+                )
+            )
+
+        # When no existing requirement exists, add the requirement as a
+        # dependency and it will be scanned again after.
+        if not existing_req:
+            requirement_set.add_named_requirement(install_req)
+            # We'd want to rescan this requirement later
+            return [install_req], install_req
+
+        # Assume there's no need to scan, and that we've already
+        # encountered this for scanning.
+        if install_req.constraint or not existing_req.constraint:
+            return [], existing_req
+
+        does_not_satisfy_constraint = install_req.link and not (
+            existing_req.link and install_req.link.path == existing_req.link.path
+        )
+        if does_not_satisfy_constraint:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Could not satisfy constraints for '{install_req.name}': "
+                "installation from path or url cannot be "
+                "constrained to a version"
+            )
+        # If we're now installing a constraint, mark the existing
+        # object for real installation.
+        existing_req.constraint = False
+        # If we're now installing a user supplied requirement,
+        # mark the existing object as such.
+        if install_req.user_supplied:
+            existing_req.user_supplied = True
+        existing_req.extras = tuple(
+            sorted(set(existing_req.extras) | set(install_req.extras))
+        )
+        logger.debug(
+            "Setting %s extras to: %s",
+            existing_req,
+            existing_req.extras,
+        )
+        # Return the existing requirement for addition to the parent and
+        # scanning again.
+        return [existing_req], existing_req
+
+    def _is_upgrade_allowed(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> bool:
+        if self.upgrade_strategy == "to-satisfy-only":
+            return False
+        elif self.upgrade_strategy == "eager":
+            return True
+        else:
+            assert self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed"
+            return req.user_supplied or req.constraint
+
+    def _set_req_to_reinstall(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """
+        Set a requirement to be installed.
+        """
+        # Don't uninstall the conflict if doing a user install and the
+        # conflict is not a user install.
+        if not self.use_user_site or req.satisfied_by.in_usersite:
+            req.should_reinstall = True
+        req.satisfied_by = None
+
+    def _check_skip_installed(
+        self, req_to_install: InstallRequirement
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Check if req_to_install should be skipped.
+
+        This will check if the req is installed, and whether we should upgrade
+        or reinstall it, taking into account all the relevant user options.
+
+        After calling this req_to_install will only have satisfied_by set to
+        None if the req_to_install is to be upgraded/reinstalled etc. Any
+        other value will be a dist recording the current thing installed that
+        satisfies the requirement.
+
+        Note that for vcs urls and the like we can't assess skipping in this
+        routine - we simply identify that we need to pull the thing down,
+        then later on it is pulled down and introspected to assess upgrade/
+        reinstalls etc.
+
+        :return: A text reason for why it was skipped, or None.
+        """
+        if self.ignore_installed:
+            return None
+
+        req_to_install.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+        if not req_to_install.satisfied_by:
+            return None
+
+        if self.force_reinstall:
+            self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
+            return None
+
+        if not self._is_upgrade_allowed(req_to_install):
+            if self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
+                return "already satisfied, skipping upgrade"
+            return "already satisfied"
+
+        # Check for the possibility of an upgrade.  For link-based
+        # requirements we have to pull the tree down and inspect to assess
+        # the version #, so it's handled way down.
+        if not req_to_install.link:
+            try:
+                self.finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=True)
+            except BestVersionAlreadyInstalled:
+                # Then the best version is installed.
+                return "already up-to-date"
+            except DistributionNotFound:
+                # No distribution found, so we squash the error.  It will
+                # be raised later when we re-try later to do the install.
+                # Why don't we just raise here?
+                pass
+
+        self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
+        return None
+
+    def _find_requirement_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Optional[Link]:
+        upgrade = self._is_upgrade_allowed(req)
+        best_candidate = self.finder.find_requirement(req, upgrade)
+        if not best_candidate:
+            return None
+
+        # Log a warning per PEP 592 if necessary before returning.
+        link = best_candidate.link
+        if link.is_yanked:
+            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
+            msg = (
+                # Mark this as a unicode string to prevent
+                # "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character"
+                # in Python 2 when the reason contains non-ascii characters.
+                "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
+                f"yanked version: {best_candidate}\n"
+                f"Reason for being yanked: {reason}"
+            )
+            logger.warning(msg)
+
+        return link
+
+    def _populate_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """Ensure that if a link can be found for this, that it is found.
+
+        Note that req.link may still be None - if the requirement is already
+        installed and not needed to be upgraded based on the return value of
+        _is_upgrade_allowed().
+
+        If preparer.require_hashes is True, don't use the wheel cache, because
+        cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes than the
+        files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false hash
+        mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have undeterministic
+        contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if req.link is None:
+            req.link = self._find_requirement_link(req)
+
+        if self.wheel_cache is None or self.preparer.require_hashes:
+            return
+        cache_entry = self.wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=req.link,
+            package_name=req.name,
+            supported_tags=get_supported(),
+        )
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
+            if req.link is req.original_link and cache_entry.persistent:
+                req.cached_wheel_source_link = req.link
+            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
+                req.download_info = cache_entry.origin
+            else:
+                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
+                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
+                req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
+                    req.link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
+                )
+            req.link = cache_entry.link
+
+    def _get_dist_for(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Takes a InstallRequirement and returns a single AbstractDist \
+        representing a prepared variant of the same.
+        """
+        if req.editable:
+            return self.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(req)
+
+        # satisfied_by is only evaluated by calling _check_skip_installed,
+        # so it must be None here.
+        assert req.satisfied_by is None
+        skip_reason = self._check_skip_installed(req)
+
+        if req.satisfied_by:
+            return self.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(req, skip_reason)
+
+        # We eagerly populate the link, since that's our "legacy" behavior.
+        self._populate_link(req)
+        dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(req)
+
+        # NOTE
+        # The following portion is for determining if a certain package is
+        # going to be re-installed/upgraded or not and reporting to the user.
+        # This should probably get cleaned up in a future refactor.
+
+        # req.req is only avail after unpack for URL
+        # pkgs repeat check_if_exists to uninstall-on-upgrade
+        # (#14)
+        if not self.ignore_installed:
+            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+
+        if req.satisfied_by:
+            should_modify = (
+                self.upgrade_strategy != "to-satisfy-only"
+                or self.force_reinstall
+                or self.ignore_installed
+                or req.link.scheme == "file"
+            )
+            if should_modify:
+                self._set_req_to_reinstall(req)
+            else:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): %s",
+                    req,
+                )
+        return dist
+
+    def _resolve_one(
+        self,
+        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
+        req_to_install: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Prepare a single requirements file.
+
+        :return: A list of additional InstallRequirements to also install.
+        """
+        # Tell user what we are doing for this requirement:
+        # obtain (editable), skipping, processing (local url), collecting
+        # (remote url or package name)
+        if req_to_install.constraint or req_to_install.prepared:
+            return []
+
+        req_to_install.prepared = True
+
+        # Parse and return dependencies
+        dist = self._get_dist_for(req_to_install)
+        # This will raise UnsupportedPythonVersion if the given Python
+        # version isn't compatible with the distribution's Requires-Python.
+        _check_dist_requires_python(
+            dist,
+            version_info=self._py_version_info,
+            ignore_requires_python=self.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        more_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+
+        def add_req(subreq: Requirement, extras_requested: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+            # This idiosyncratically converts the Requirement to str and let
+            # make_install_req then parse it again into Requirement. But this is
+            # the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
+            sub_install_req = self._make_install_req(str(subreq), req_to_install)
+            parent_req_name = req_to_install.name
+            to_scan_again, add_to_parent = self._add_requirement_to_set(
+                requirement_set,
+                sub_install_req,
+                parent_req_name=parent_req_name,
+                extras_requested=extras_requested,
+            )
+            if parent_req_name and add_to_parent:
+                self._discovered_dependencies[parent_req_name].append(add_to_parent)
+            more_reqs.extend(to_scan_again)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            # We add req_to_install before its dependencies, so that we
+            # can refer to it when adding dependencies.
+            if not requirement_set.has_requirement(req_to_install.name):
+                # 'unnamed' requirements will get added here
+                # 'unnamed' requirements can only come from being directly
+                # provided by the user.
+                assert req_to_install.user_supplied
+                self._add_requirement_to_set(
+                    requirement_set, req_to_install, parent_req_name=None
+                )
+
+            if not self.ignore_dependencies:
+                if req_to_install.extras:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Installing extra requirements: %r",
+                        ",".join(req_to_install.extras),
+                    )
+                missing_requested = sorted(
+                    set(req_to_install.extras) - set(dist.iter_provided_extras())
+                )
+                for missing in missing_requested:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
+                        dist.raw_name,
+                        dist.version,
+                        missing,
+                    )
+
+                available_requested = sorted(
+                    set(dist.iter_provided_extras()) & set(req_to_install.extras)
+                )
+                for subreq in dist.iter_dependencies(available_requested):
+                    add_req(subreq, extras_requested=available_requested)
+
+        return more_reqs
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Create the installation order.
+
+        The installation order is topological - requirements are installed
+        before the requiring thing. We break cycles at an arbitrary point,
+        and make no other guarantees.
+        """
+        # The current implementation, which we may change at any point
+        # installs the user specified things in the order given, except when
+        # dependencies must come earlier to achieve topological order.
+        order = []
+        ordered_reqs: Set[InstallRequirement] = set()
+
+        def schedule(req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+            if req.satisfied_by or req in ordered_reqs:
+                return
+            if req.constraint:
+                return
+            ordered_reqs.add(req)
+            for dep in self._discovered_dependencies[req.name]:
+                schedule(dep)
+            order.append(req)
+
+        for install_req in req_set.requirements.values():
+            schedule(install_req)
+        return order
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from typing import FrozenSet, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+
+CandidateLookup = Tuple[Optional["Candidate"], Optional[InstallRequirement]]
+CandidateVersion = Union[LegacyVersion, Version]
+
+
+def format_name(project: NormalizedName, extras: FrozenSet[NormalizedName]) -> str:
+    if not extras:
+        return project
+    extras_expr = ",".join(sorted(extras))
+    return f"{project}[{extras_expr}]"
+
+
+class Constraint:
+    def __init__(
+        self, specifier: SpecifierSet, hashes: Hashes, links: FrozenSet[Link]
+    ) -> None:
+        self.specifier = specifier
+        self.hashes = hashes
+        self.links = links
+
+    @classmethod
+    def empty(cls) -> "Constraint":
+        return Constraint(SpecifierSet(), Hashes(), frozenset())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ireq(cls, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> "Constraint":
+        links = frozenset([ireq.link]) if ireq.link else frozenset()
+        return Constraint(ireq.specifier, ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False), links)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.specifier) or bool(self.hashes) or bool(self.links)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: InstallRequirement) -> "Constraint":
+        if not isinstance(other, InstallRequirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        specifier = self.specifier & other.specifier
+        hashes = self.hashes & other.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+        links = self.links
+        if other.link:
+            links = links.union([other.link])
+        return Constraint(specifier, hashes, links)
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+        # Reject if there are any mismatched URL constraints on this package.
+        if self.links and not all(_match_link(link, candidate) for link in self.links):
+            return False
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        return self.specifier.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class Requirement:
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The "project name" of a requirement.
+
+        This is different from ``name`` if this requirement contains extras,
+        in which case ``name`` would contain the ``[...]`` part, while this
+        refers to the name of the project.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name identifying this requirement in the resolver.
+
+        This is different from ``project_name`` if this requirement contains
+        extras, where ``project_name`` would not contain the ``[...]`` part.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+
+def _match_link(link: Link, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+    if candidate.source_link:
+        return links_equivalent(link, candidate.source_link)
+    return False
+
+
+class Candidate:
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The "project name" of the candidate.
+
+        This is different from ``name`` if this candidate contains extras,
+        in which case ``name`` would contain the ``[...]`` part, while this
+        refers to the name of the project.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name identifying this candidate in the resolver.
+
+        This is different from ``project_name`` if this candidate contains
+        extras, where ``project_name`` would not contain the ``[...]`` part.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def is_installed(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4125cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+import logging
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, FrozenSet, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    HashError,
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+)
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateVersion, Requirement, format_name
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .factory import Factory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+BaseCandidate = Union[
+    "AlreadyInstalledCandidate",
+    "EditableCandidate",
+    "LinkCandidate",
+]
+
+# Avoid conflicting with the PyPI package "Python".
+REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER = cast(NormalizedName, "<Python from Requires-Python>")
+
+
+def as_base_candidate(candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+    """The runtime version of BaseCandidate."""
+    base_candidate_classes = (
+        AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+        EditableCandidate,
+        LinkCandidate,
+    )
+    if isinstance(candidate, base_candidate_classes):
+        return candidate
+    return None
+
+
+def make_install_req_from_link(
+    link: Link, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    assert not template.editable, "template is editable"
+    if template.req:
+        line = str(template.req)
+    else:
+        line = link.url
+    ireq = install_req_from_line(
+        line,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.original_link = template.original_link
+    ireq.link = link
+    ireq.extras = template.extras
+    return ireq
+
+
+def make_install_req_from_editable(
+    link: Link, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    assert template.editable, "template not editable"
+    ireq = install_req_from_editable(
+        link.url,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        permit_editable_wheels=template.permit_editable_wheels,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.extras = template.extras
+    return ireq
+
+
+def _make_install_req_from_dist(
+    dist: BaseDistribution, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    if template.req:
+        line = str(template.req)
+    elif template.link:
+        line = f"{dist.canonical_name} @ {template.link.url}"
+    else:
+        line = f"{dist.canonical_name}=={dist.version}"
+    ireq = install_req_from_line(
+        line,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.satisfied_by = dist
+    return ireq
+
+
+class _InstallRequirementBackedCandidate(Candidate):
+    """A candidate backed by an ``InstallRequirement``.
+
+    This represents a package request with the target not being already
+    in the environment, and needs to be fetched and installed. The backing
+    ``InstallRequirement`` is responsible for most of the leg work; this
+    class exposes appropriate information to the resolver.
+
+    :param link: The link passed to the ``InstallRequirement``. The backing
+        ``InstallRequirement`` will use this link to fetch the distribution.
+    :param source_link: The link this candidate "originates" from. This is
+        different from ``link`` when the link is found in the wheel cache.
+        ``link`` would point to the wheel cache, while this points to the
+        found remote link (e.g. from pypi.org).
+    """
+
+    dist: BaseDistribution
+    is_installed = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        source_link: Link,
+        ireq: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._link = link
+        self._source_link = source_link
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._ireq = ireq
+        self._name = name
+        self._version = version
+        self.dist = self._prepare()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name} {self.version}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._link)!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self._link))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return links_equivalent(self._link, other._link)
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._source_link
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The normalised name of the project the candidate refers to"""
+        if self._name is None:
+            self._name = self.dist.canonical_name
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        if self._version is None:
+            self._version = self.dist.version
+        return self._version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return "{} {} (from {})".format(
+            self.name,
+            self.version,
+            self._link.file_path if self._link.is_file else self._link,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def _check_metadata_consistency(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> None:
+        """Check for consistency of project name and version of dist."""
+        if self._name is not None and self._name != dist.canonical_name:
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                self._ireq,
+                "name",
+                self._name,
+                dist.canonical_name,
+            )
+        if self._version is not None and self._version != dist.version:
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                self._ireq,
+                "version",
+                str(self._version),
+                str(dist.version),
+            )
+
+    def _prepare(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            dist = self._prepare_distribution()
+        except HashError as e:
+            # Provide HashError the underlying ireq that caused it. This
+            # provides context for the resulting error message to show the
+            # offending line to the user.
+            e.req = self._ireq
+            raise
+        except InstallationSubprocessError as exc:
+            # The output has been presented already, so don't duplicate it.
+            exc.context = "See above for output."
+            raise
+
+        self._check_metadata_consistency(dist)
+        return dist
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        requires = self.dist.iter_dependencies() if with_requires else ()
+        for r in requires:
+            yield from self._factory.make_requirements_from_spec(str(r), self._ireq)
+        yield self._factory.make_requires_python_requirement(self.dist.requires_python)
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return self._ireq
+
+
+class LinkCandidate(_InstallRequirementBackedCandidate):
+    is_editable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        source_link = link
+        cache_entry = factory.get_wheel_cache_entry(source_link, name)
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
+            link = cache_entry.link
+        ireq = make_install_req_from_link(link, template)
+        assert ireq.link == link
+        if ireq.link.is_wheel and not ireq.link.is_file:
+            wheel = Wheel(ireq.link.filename)
+            wheel_name = canonicalize_name(wheel.name)
+            assert name == wheel_name, f"{name!r} != {wheel_name!r} for wheel"
+            # Version may not be present for PEP 508 direct URLs
+            if version is not None:
+                wheel_version = Version(wheel.version)
+                assert version == wheel_version, "{!r} != {!r} for wheel {}".format(
+                    version, wheel_version, name
+                )
+
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            assert ireq.link.is_wheel
+            assert ireq.link.is_file
+            if cache_entry.persistent and template.link is template.original_link:
+                ireq.cached_wheel_source_link = source_link
+            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
+                ireq.download_info = cache_entry.origin
+            else:
+                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
+                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
+                ireq.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
+                    source_link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
+                )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            link=link,
+            source_link=source_link,
+            ireq=ireq,
+            factory=factory,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        preparer = self._factory.preparer
+        return preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(self._ireq, parallel_builds=True)
+
+
+class EditableCandidate(_InstallRequirementBackedCandidate):
+    is_editable = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            link=link,
+            source_link=link,
+            ireq=make_install_req_from_editable(link, template),
+            factory=factory,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        return self._factory.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(self._ireq)
+
+
+class AlreadyInstalledCandidate(Candidate):
+    is_installed = True
+    source_link = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.dist = dist
+        self._ireq = _make_install_req_from_dist(dist, template)
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._version = None
+
+        # This is just logging some messages, so we can do it eagerly.
+        # The returned dist would be exactly the same as self.dist because we
+        # set satisfied_by in _make_install_req_from_dist.
+        # TODO: Supply reason based on force_reinstall and upgrade_strategy.
+        skip_reason = "already satisfied"
+        factory.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(self._ireq, skip_reason)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.dist)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.dist!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.name, self.version))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return self.name == other.name and self.version == other.version
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self.dist.canonical_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        if self._version is None:
+            self._version = self.dist.version
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dist.editable
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name} {self.version} (Installed)"
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        if not with_requires:
+            return
+        for r in self.dist.iter_dependencies():
+            yield from self._factory.make_requirements_from_spec(str(r), self._ireq)
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return None
+
+
+class ExtrasCandidate(Candidate):
+    """A candidate that has 'extras', indicating additional dependencies.
+
+    Requirements can be for a project with dependencies, something like
+    foo[extra].  The extras don't affect the project/version being installed
+    directly, but indicate that we need additional dependencies. We model that
+    by having an artificial ExtrasCandidate that wraps the "base" candidate.
+
+    The ExtrasCandidate differs from the base in the following ways:
+
+    1. It has a unique name, of the form foo[extra]. This causes the resolver
+       to treat it as a separate node in the dependency graph.
+    2. When we're getting the candidate's dependencies,
+       a) We specify that we want the extra dependencies as well.
+       b) We add a dependency on the base candidate.
+          See below for why this is needed.
+    3. We return None for the underlying InstallRequirement, as the base
+       candidate will provide it, and we don't want to end up with duplicates.
+
+    The dependency on the base candidate is needed so that the resolver can't
+    decide that it should recommend foo[extra1] version 1.0 and foo[extra2]
+    version 2.0. Having those candidates depend on foo=1.0 and foo=2.0
+    respectively forces the resolver to recognise that this is a conflict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param comes_from: the InstallRequirement that led to this candidate if it
+            differs from the base's InstallRequirement. This will often be the
+            case in the sense that this candidate's requirement has the extras
+            while the base's does not. Unlike the InstallRequirement backed
+            candidates, this requirement is used solely for reporting purposes,
+            it does not do any leg work.
+        """
+        self.base = base
+        self.extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras)
+        # If any extras are requested in their non-normalized forms, keep track
+        # of their raw values. This is needed when we look up dependencies
+        # since PEP 685 has not been implemented for marker-matching, and using
+        # the non-normalized extra for lookup ensures the user can select a
+        # non-normalized extra in a package with its non-normalized form.
+        # TODO: Remove this attribute when packaging is upgraded to support the
+        # marker comparison logic specified in PEP 685.
+        self._unnormalized_extras = extras.difference(self.extras)
+        self._comes_from = comes_from if comes_from is not None else self.base._ireq
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        name, rest = str(self.base).split(" ", 1)
+        return "{}[{}] {}".format(name, ",".join(self.extras), rest)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(base={self.base!r}, extras={self.extras!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.base, self.extras))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return self.base == other.base and self.extras == other.extras
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self.base.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The normalised name of the project the candidate refers to"""
+        return format_name(self.base.project_name, self.extras)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        return self.base.version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return "{} [{}]".format(
+            self.base.format_for_error(), ", ".join(sorted(self.extras))
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_installed(self) -> bool:
+        return self.base.is_installed
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.base.is_editable
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self.base.source_link
+
+    def _warn_invalid_extras(
+        self,
+        requested: FrozenSet[str],
+        valid: FrozenSet[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Emit warnings for invalid extras being requested.
+
+        This emits a warning for each requested extra that is not in the
+        candidate's ``Provides-Extra`` list.
+        """
+        invalid_extras_to_warn = frozenset(
+            extra
+            for extra in requested
+            if extra not in valid
+            # If an extra is requested in an unnormalized form, skip warning
+            # about the normalized form being missing.
+            and extra in self.extras
+        )
+        if not invalid_extras_to_warn:
+            return
+        for extra in sorted(invalid_extras_to_warn):
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
+                self.base.name,
+                self.version,
+                extra,
+            )
+
+    def _calculate_valid_requested_extras(self) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Get a list of valid extras requested by this candidate.
+
+        The user (or upstream dependant) may have specified extras that the
+        candidate doesn't support. Any unsupported extras are dropped, and each
+        cause a warning to be logged here.
+        """
+        requested_extras = self.extras.union(self._unnormalized_extras)
+        valid_extras = frozenset(
+            extra
+            for extra in requested_extras
+            if self.base.dist.is_extra_provided(extra)
+        )
+        self._warn_invalid_extras(requested_extras, valid_extras)
+        return valid_extras
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        factory = self.base._factory
+
+        # Add a dependency on the exact base
+        # (See note 2b in the class docstring)
+        yield factory.make_requirement_from_candidate(self.base)
+        if not with_requires:
+            return
+
+        valid_extras = self._calculate_valid_requested_extras()
+        for r in self.base.dist.iter_dependencies(valid_extras):
+            yield from factory.make_requirements_from_spec(
+                str(r),
+                self._comes_from,
+                valid_extras,
+            )
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        # We don't return anything here, because we always
+        # depend on the base candidate, and we'll get the
+        # install requirement from that.
+        return None
+
+
+class RequiresPythonCandidate(Candidate):
+    is_installed = False
+    source_link = None
+
+    def __init__(self, py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) -> None:
+        if py_version_info is not None:
+            version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+        else:
+            version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        self._version = Version(".".join(str(c) for c in version_info))
+
+    # We don't need to implement __eq__() and __ne__() since there is always
+    # only one RequiresPythonCandidate in a resolution, i.e. the host Python.
+    # The built-in object.__eq__() and object.__ne__() do exactly what we want.
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self._version}"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        return self._version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self.version}"
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        return ()
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4adeb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import ResolutionImpossible
+
+from pip._internal.cache import CacheEntry, WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_drop_extras,
+    install_req_from_link_and_ireq,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateVersion, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import (
+    AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+    BaseCandidate,
+    EditableCandidate,
+    ExtrasCandidate,
+    LinkCandidate,
+    RequiresPythonCandidate,
+    as_base_candidate,
+)
+from .found_candidates import FoundCandidates, IndexCandidateInfo
+from .requirements import (
+    ExplicitRequirement,
+    RequiresPythonRequirement,
+    SpecifierRequirement,
+    SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement,
+    UnsatisfiableRequirement,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    class ConflictCause(Protocol):
+        requirement: RequiresPythonRequirement
+        parent: Candidate
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+C = TypeVar("C")
+Cache = Dict[Link, C]
+
+
+class CollectedRootRequirements(NamedTuple):
+    requirements: List[Requirement]
+    constraints: Dict[str, Constraint]
+    user_requested: Dict[str, int]
+
+
+class Factory:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._finder = finder
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self._wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+        self._python_candidate = RequiresPythonCandidate(py_version_info)
+        self._make_install_req_from_spec = make_install_req
+        self._use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+
+        self._build_failures: Cache[InstallationError] = {}
+        self._link_candidate_cache: Cache[LinkCandidate] = {}
+        self._editable_candidate_cache: Cache[EditableCandidate] = {}
+        self._installed_candidate_cache: Dict[str, AlreadyInstalledCandidate] = {}
+        self._extras_candidate_cache: Dict[
+            Tuple[int, FrozenSet[NormalizedName]], ExtrasCandidate
+        ] = {}
+
+        if not ignore_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            self._installed_dists = {
+                dist.canonical_name: dist
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False)
+            }
+        else:
+            self._installed_dists = {}
+
+    @property
+    def force_reinstall(self) -> bool:
+        return self._force_reinstall
+
+    def _fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(self, link: Link) -> None:
+        if not link.is_wheel:
+            return
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        if wheel.supported(self._finder.target_python.get_unsorted_tags()):
+            return
+        msg = f"{link.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+
+    def _make_extras_candidate(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> ExtrasCandidate:
+        cache_key = (id(base), frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras))
+        try:
+            candidate = self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key]
+        except KeyError:
+            candidate = ExtrasCandidate(base, extras, comes_from=comes_from)
+            self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key] = candidate
+        return candidate
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_dist(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Candidate:
+        try:
+            base = self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            base = AlreadyInstalledCandidate(dist, template, factory=self)
+            self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name] = base
+        if not extras:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion],
+    ) -> Optional[Candidate]:
+        base: Optional[BaseCandidate] = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+            link, template, name, version
+        )
+        if not extras or base is None:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_base_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion],
+    ) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+        # TODO: Check already installed candidate, and use it if the link and
+        # editable flag match.
+
+        if link in self._build_failures:
+            # We already tried this candidate before, and it does not build.
+            # Don't bother trying again.
+            return None
+
+        if template.editable:
+            if link not in self._editable_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._editable_candidate_cache[link] = EditableCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+
+            return self._editable_candidate_cache[link]
+        else:
+            if link not in self._link_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+            return self._link_candidate_cache[link]
+
+    def _iter_found_candidates(
+        self,
+        ireqs: Sequence[InstallRequirement],
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+        hashes: Hashes,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        if not ireqs:
+            return ()
+
+        # The InstallRequirement implementation requires us to give it a
+        # "template". Here we just choose the first requirement to represent
+        # all of them.
+        # Hopefully the Project model can correct this mismatch in the future.
+        template = ireqs[0]
+        assert template.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+        name = canonicalize_name(template.req.name)
+
+        extras: FrozenSet[str] = frozenset()
+        for ireq in ireqs:
+            assert ireq.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+            specifier &= ireq.req.specifier
+            hashes &= ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+            extras |= frozenset(ireq.extras)
+
+        def _get_installed_candidate() -> Optional[Candidate]:
+            """Get the candidate for the currently-installed version."""
+            # If --force-reinstall is set, we want the version from the index
+            # instead, so we "pretend" there is nothing installed.
+            if self._force_reinstall:
+                return None
+            try:
+                installed_dist = self._installed_dists[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                return None
+            # Don't use the installed distribution if its version does not fit
+            # the current dependency graph.
+            if not specifier.contains(installed_dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                return None
+            candidate = self._make_candidate_from_dist(
+                dist=installed_dist,
+                extras=extras,
+                template=template,
+            )
+            # The candidate is a known incompatibility. Don't use it.
+            if id(candidate) in incompatible_ids:
+                return None
+            return candidate
+
+        def iter_index_candidate_infos() -> Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]:
+            result = self._finder.find_best_candidate(
+                project_name=name,
+                specifier=specifier,
+                hashes=hashes,
+            )
+            icans = list(result.iter_applicable())
+
+            # PEP 592: Yanked releases are ignored unless the specifier
+            # explicitly pins a version (via '==' or '===') that can be
+            # solely satisfied by a yanked release.
+            all_yanked = all(ican.link.is_yanked for ican in icans)
+
+            def is_pinned(specifier: SpecifierSet) -> bool:
+                for sp in specifier:
+                    if sp.operator == "===":
+                        return True
+                    if sp.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    if sp.version.endswith(".*"):
+                        continue
+                    return True
+                return False
+
+            pinned = is_pinned(specifier)
+
+            # PackageFinder returns earlier versions first, so we reverse.
+            for ican in reversed(icans):
+                if not (all_yanked and pinned) and ican.link.is_yanked:
+                    continue
+                func = functools.partial(
+                    self._make_candidate_from_link,
+                    link=ican.link,
+                    extras=extras,
+                    template=template,
+                    name=name,
+                    version=ican.version,
+                )
+                yield ican.version, func
+
+        return FoundCandidates(
+            iter_index_candidate_infos,
+            _get_installed_candidate(),
+            prefers_installed,
+            incompatible_ids,
+        )
+
+    def _iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+        self,
+        base_requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from the base given an extra-ed package.
+
+        :param base_requirements: Requirements known to the resolver. The
+            requirements are guaranteed to not have extras.
+        :param extras: The extras to inject into the explicit requirements'
+            candidates.
+        """
+        for req in base_requirements:
+            lookup_cand, _ = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if lookup_cand is None:  # Not explicit.
+                continue
+            # We've stripped extras from the identifier, and should always
+            # get a BaseCandidate here, unless there's a bug elsewhere.
+            base_cand = as_base_candidate(lookup_cand)
+            assert base_cand is not None, "no extras here"
+            yield self._make_extras_candidate(base_cand, extras)
+
+    def _iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from constraints.
+
+        This creates "fake" InstallRequirement objects that are basically clones
+        of what "should" be the template, but with original_link set to link.
+        """
+        for link in constraint.links:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(link)
+            candidate = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                link,
+                template=install_req_from_link_and_ireq(link, template),
+                name=canonicalize_name(identifier),
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if candidate:
+                yield candidate
+
+    def find_candidates(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterable[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        # Collect basic lookup information from the requirements.
+        explicit_candidates: Set[Candidate] = set()
+        ireqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirements[identifier]:
+            cand, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if cand is not None:
+                explicit_candidates.add(cand)
+            if ireq is not None:
+                ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # If the current identifier contains extras, add requires and explicit
+        # candidates from entries from extra-less identifier.
+        with contextlib.suppress(InvalidRequirement):
+            parsed_requirement = get_requirement(identifier)
+            if parsed_requirement.name != identifier:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+                        requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, ()),
+                        frozenset(parsed_requirement.extras),
+                    ),
+                )
+                for req in requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, []):
+                    _, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+                    if ireq is not None:
+                        ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # Add explicit candidates from constraints. We only do this if there are
+        # known ireqs, which represent requirements not already explicit. If
+        # there are no ireqs, we're constraining already-explicit requirements,
+        # which is handled later when we return the explicit candidates.
+        if ireqs:
+            try:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+                        identifier,
+                        constraint,
+                        template=ireqs[0],
+                    ),
+                )
+            except UnsupportedWheel:
+                # If we're constrained to install a wheel incompatible with the
+                # target architecture, no candidates will ever be valid.
+                return ()
+
+        # Since we cache all the candidates, incompatibility identification
+        # can be made quicker by comparing only the id() values.
+        incompat_ids = {id(c) for c in incompatibilities.get(identifier, ())}
+
+        # If none of the requirements want an explicit candidate, we can ask
+        # the finder for candidates.
+        if not explicit_candidates:
+            return self._iter_found_candidates(
+                ireqs,
+                constraint.specifier,
+                constraint.hashes,
+                prefers_installed,
+                incompat_ids,
+            )
+
+        return (
+            c
+            for c in explicit_candidates
+            if id(c) not in incompat_ids
+            and constraint.is_satisfied_by(c)
+            and all(req.is_satisfied_by(c) for req in requirements[identifier])
+        )
+
+    def _make_requirements_from_install_req(
+        self, ireq: InstallRequirement, requested_extras: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given InstallRequirement. In
+        most cases this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the InstallRequirement has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the InstallRequirement has both a constraint (or link) and extras
+                -> result is split in two requirement objects: one with the constraint
+                (or link) and one with the extra. This allows centralized constraint
+                handling for the base, resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        if not ireq.match_markers(requested_extras):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                ireq.name,
+                ireq.markers,
+            )
+        elif not ireq.link:
+            if ireq.extras and ireq.req is not None and ireq.req.specifier:
+                yield SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(ireq)
+            yield SpecifierRequirement(ireq)
+        else:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(ireq.link)
+            # Always make the link candidate for the base requirement to make it
+            # available to `find_candidates` for explicit candidate lookup for any
+            # set of extras.
+            # The extras are required separately via a second requirement.
+            cand = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                ireq.link,
+                template=install_req_drop_extras(ireq) if ireq.extras else ireq,
+                name=canonicalize_name(ireq.name) if ireq.name else None,
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if cand is None:
+                # There's no way we can satisfy a URL requirement if the underlying
+                # candidate fails to build. An unnamed URL must be user-supplied, so
+                # we fail eagerly. If the URL is named, an unsatisfiable requirement
+                # can make the resolver do the right thing, either backtrack (and
+                # maybe find some other requirement that's buildable) or raise a
+                # ResolutionImpossible eventually.
+                if not ireq.name:
+                    raise self._build_failures[ireq.link]
+                yield UnsatisfiableRequirement(canonicalize_name(ireq.name))
+            else:
+                # require the base from the link
+                yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(cand)
+                if ireq.extras:
+                    # require the extras on top of the base candidate
+                    yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(
+                        self._make_extras_candidate(cand, frozenset(ireq.extras))
+                    )
+
+    def collect_root_requirements(
+        self, root_ireqs: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> CollectedRootRequirements:
+        collected = CollectedRootRequirements([], {}, {})
+        for i, ireq in enumerate(root_ireqs):
+            if ireq.constraint:
+                # Ensure we only accept valid constraints
+                problem = check_invalid_constraint_type(ireq)
+                if problem:
+                    raise InstallationError(problem)
+                if not ireq.match_markers():
+                    continue
+                assert ireq.name, "Constraint must be named"
+                name = canonicalize_name(ireq.name)
+                if name in collected.constraints:
+                    collected.constraints[name] &= ireq
+                else:
+                    collected.constraints[name] = Constraint.from_ireq(ireq)
+            else:
+                reqs = list(
+                    self._make_requirements_from_install_req(
+                        ireq,
+                        requested_extras=(),
+                    )
+                )
+                if not reqs:
+                    continue
+                template = reqs[0]
+                if ireq.user_supplied and template.name not in collected.user_requested:
+                    collected.user_requested[template.name] = i
+                collected.requirements.extend(reqs)
+        # Put requirements with extras at the end of the root requires. This does not
+        # affect resolvelib's picking preference but it does affect its initial criteria
+        # population: by putting extras at the end we enable the candidate finder to
+        # present resolvelib with a smaller set of candidates to resolvelib, already
+        # taking into account any non-transient constraints on the associated base. This
+        # means resolvelib will have fewer candidates to visit and reject.
+        # Python's list sort is stable, meaning relative order is kept for objects with
+        # the same key.
+        collected.requirements.sort(key=lambda r: r.name != r.project_name)
+        return collected
+
+    def make_requirement_from_candidate(
+        self, candidate: Candidate
+    ) -> ExplicitRequirement:
+        return ExplicitRequirement(candidate)
+
+    def make_requirements_from_spec(
+        self,
+        specifier: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement],
+        requested_extras: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given specifier. In most cases
+        this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the specifier has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the specifier has both a constraint and extras -> result is split
+                in two requirement objects: one with the constraint and one with the
+                extra. This allows centralized constraint handling for the base,
+                resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        ireq = self._make_install_req_from_spec(specifier, comes_from)
+        return self._make_requirements_from_install_req(ireq, requested_extras)
+
+    def make_requires_python_requirement(
+        self,
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+    ) -> Optional[Requirement]:
+        if self._ignore_requires_python:
+            return None
+        # Don't bother creating a dependency for an empty Requires-Python.
+        if not str(specifier):
+            return None
+        return RequiresPythonRequirement(specifier, self._python_candidate)
+
+    def get_wheel_cache_entry(
+        self, link: Link, name: Optional[str]
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Look up the link in the wheel cache.
+
+        If ``preparer.require_hashes`` is True, don't use the wheel cache,
+        because cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes
+        than the files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false
+        hash mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have
+        nondeterministic contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if self._wheel_cache is None:
+            return None
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=name,
+            supported_tags=get_supported(),
+        )
+
+    def get_dist_to_uninstall(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # TODO: Are there more cases this needs to return True? Editable?
+        dist = self._installed_dists.get(candidate.project_name)
+        if dist is None:  # Not installed, no uninstallation required.
+            return None
+
+        # We're installing into global site. The current installation must
+        # be uninstalled, no matter it's in global or user site, because the
+        # user site installation has precedence over global.
+        if not self._use_user_site:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site. Remove the user site installation.
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site, but the installed incompatible
+        # package is in global site. We can't uninstall that, and would let
+        # the new user installation to "shadow" it. But shadowing won't work
+        # in virtual environments, so we error out.
+        if running_under_virtualenv() and dist.in_site_packages:
+            message = (
+                f"Will not install to the user site because it will lack "
+                f"sys.path precedence to {dist.raw_name} in {dist.location}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(message)
+        return None
+
+    def _report_requires_python_error(
+        self, causes: Sequence["ConflictCause"]
+    ) -> UnsupportedPythonVersion:
+        assert causes, "Requires-Python error reported with no cause"
+
+        version = self._python_candidate.version
+
+        if len(causes) == 1:
+            specifier = str(causes[0].requirement.specifier)
+            message = (
+                f"Package {causes[0].parent.name!r} requires a different "
+                f"Python: {version} not in {specifier!r}"
+            )
+            return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+        message = f"Packages require a different Python. {version} not in:"
+        for cause in causes:
+            package = cause.parent.format_for_error()
+            specifier = str(cause.requirement.specifier)
+            message += f"\n{specifier!r} (required by {package})"
+        return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+    def _report_single_requirement_conflict(
+        self, req: Requirement, parent: Optional[Candidate]
+    ) -> DistributionNotFound:
+        if parent is None:
+            req_disp = str(req)
+        else:
+            req_disp = f"{req} (from {parent.name})"
+
+        cands = self._finder.find_all_candidates(req.project_name)
+        skipped_by_requires_python = self._finder.requires_python_skipped_reasons()
+
+        versions_set: Set[CandidateVersion] = set()
+        yanked_versions_set: Set[CandidateVersion] = set()
+        for c in cands:
+            is_yanked = c.link.is_yanked if c.link else False
+            if is_yanked:
+                yanked_versions_set.add(c.version)
+            else:
+                versions_set.add(c.version)
+
+        versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(versions_set)]
+        yanked_versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(yanked_versions_set)]
+
+        if yanked_versions:
+            # Saying "version X is yanked" isn't entirely accurate.
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11745#issuecomment-1402805842
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following yanked versions: %s",
+                ", ".join(yanked_versions) or "none",
+            )
+        if skipped_by_requires_python:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following versions that require a different python "
+                "version: %s",
+                "; ".join(skipped_by_requires_python) or "none",
+            )
+        logger.critical(
+            "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+            "(from versions: %s)",
+            req_disp,
+            ", ".join(versions) or "none",
+        )
+        if str(req) == "requirements.txt":
+            logger.info(
+                "HINT: You are attempting to install a package literally "
+                'named "requirements.txt" (which cannot exist). Consider '
+                "using the '-r' flag to install the packages listed in "
+                "requirements.txt"
+            )
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+    def get_installation_error(
+        self,
+        e: "ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]",
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+    ) -> InstallationError:
+        assert e.causes, "Installation error reported with no cause"
+
+        # If one of the things we can't solve is "we need Python X.Y",
+        # that is what we report.
+        requires_python_causes = [
+            cause
+            for cause in e.causes
+            if isinstance(cause.requirement, RequiresPythonRequirement)
+            and not cause.requirement.is_satisfied_by(self._python_candidate)
+        ]
+        if requires_python_causes:
+            # The comprehension above makes sure all Requirement instances are
+            # RequiresPythonRequirement, so let's cast for convenience.
+            return self._report_requires_python_error(
+                cast("Sequence[ConflictCause]", requires_python_causes),
+            )
+
+        # Otherwise, we have a set of causes which can't all be satisfied
+        # at once.
+
+        # The simplest case is when we have *one* cause that can't be
+        # satisfied. We just report that case.
+        if len(e.causes) == 1:
+            req, parent = e.causes[0]
+            if req.name not in constraints:
+                return self._report_single_requirement_conflict(req, parent)
+
+        # OK, we now have a list of requirements that can't all be
+        # satisfied at once.
+
+        # A couple of formatting helpers
+        def text_join(parts: List[str]) -> str:
+            if len(parts) == 1:
+                return parts[0]
+
+            return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+        def describe_trigger(parent: Candidate) -> str:
+            ireq = parent.get_install_requirement()
+            if not ireq or not ireq.comes_from:
+                return f"{parent.name}=={parent.version}"
+            if isinstance(ireq.comes_from, InstallRequirement):
+                return str(ireq.comes_from.name)
+            return str(ireq.comes_from)
+
+        triggers = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if parent is None:
+                # This is a root requirement, so we can report it directly
+                trigger = req.format_for_error()
+            else:
+                trigger = describe_trigger(parent)
+            triggers.add(trigger)
+
+        if triggers:
+            info = text_join(sorted(triggers))
+        else:
+            info = "the requested packages"
+
+        msg = (
+            f"Cannot install {info} because these package versions "
+            "have conflicting dependencies."
+        )
+        logger.critical(msg)
+        msg = "\nThe conflict is caused by:"
+
+        relevant_constraints = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if req.name in constraints:
+                relevant_constraints.add(req.name)
+            msg = msg + "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg = msg + f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg = msg + "The user requested "
+            msg = msg + req.format_for_error()
+        for key in relevant_constraints:
+            spec = constraints[key].specifier
+            msg += f"\n    The user requested (constraint) {key}{spec}"
+
+        msg = (
+            msg
+            + "\n\n"
+            + "To fix this you could try to:\n"
+            + "1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified\n"
+            + "2. remove package versions to allow pip attempt to solve "
+            + "the dependency conflict\n"
+        )
+
+        logger.info(msg)
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(
+            "ResolutionImpossible: for help visit "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/topics/dependency-resolution/"
+            "#dealing-with-dependency-conflicts"
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8663097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""Utilities to lazily create and visit candidates found.
+
+Creating and visiting a candidate is a *very* costly operation. It involves
+fetching, extracting, potentially building modules from source, and verifying
+distribution metadata. It is therefore crucial for performance to keep
+everything here lazy all the way down, so we only touch candidates that we
+absolutely need, and not "download the world" when we only need one version of
+something.
+"""
+
+import functools
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import _BaseVersion
+
+from .base import Candidate
+
+IndexCandidateInfo = Tuple[_BaseVersion, Callable[[], Optional[Candidate]]]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SequenceCandidate = Sequence[Candidate]
+else:
+    # For compatibility: Python before 3.9 does not support using [] on the
+    # Sequence class.
+    #
+    # >>> from collections.abc import Sequence
+    # >>> Sequence[str]
+    # Traceback (most recent call last):
+    #   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    # TypeError: 'ABCMeta' object is not subscriptable
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove this block after dropping Python 3.8 support.
+    SequenceCandidate = Sequence
+
+
+def _iter_built(infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the package is not already installed. Candidates
+    from index come later in their normal ordering.
+    """
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = set()
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+
+def _iter_built_with_prepended(
+    installed: Candidate, infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]
+) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the resolver prefers the already-installed
+    candidate and NOT to upgrade. The installed candidate is therefore
+    always yielded first, and candidates from index come later in their
+    normal ordering, except skipped when the version is already installed.
+    """
+    yield installed
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = {installed.version}
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+
+def _iter_built_with_inserted(
+    installed: Candidate, infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]
+) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the resolver prefers to upgrade an
+    already-installed package. Candidates from index are returned in their
+    normal ordering, except replaced when the version is already installed.
+
+    The implementation iterates through and yields other candidates, inserting
+    the installed candidate exactly once before we start yielding older or
+    equivalent candidates, or after all other candidates if they are all newer.
+    """
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = set()
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        # If the installed candidate is better, yield it first.
+        if installed.version >= version:
+            yield installed
+            versions_found.add(installed.version)
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+    # If the installed candidate is older than all other candidates.
+    if installed.version not in versions_found:
+        yield installed
+
+
+class FoundCandidates(SequenceCandidate):
+    """A lazy sequence to provide candidates to the resolver.
+
+    The intended usage is to return this from `find_matches()` so the resolver
+    can iterate through the sequence multiple times, but only access the index
+    page when remote packages are actually needed. This improve performances
+    when suitable candidates are already installed on disk.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        get_infos: Callable[[], Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]],
+        installed: Optional[Candidate],
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ):
+        self._get_infos = get_infos
+        self._installed = installed
+        self._prefers_installed = prefers_installed
+        self._incompatible_ids = incompatible_ids
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Any) -> Any:
+        # Implemented to satisfy the ABC check. This is not needed by the
+        # resolver, and should not be used by the provider either (for
+        # performance reasons).
+        raise NotImplementedError("don't do this")
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        infos = self._get_infos()
+        if not self._installed:
+            iterator = _iter_built(infos)
+        elif self._prefers_installed:
+            iterator = _iter_built_with_prepended(self._installed, infos)
+        else:
+            iterator = _iter_built_with_inserted(self._installed, infos)
+        return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        # Implemented to satisfy the ABC check. This is not needed by the
+        # resolver, and should not be used by the provider either (for
+        # performance reasons).
+        raise NotImplementedError("don't do this")
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        if self._prefers_installed and self._installed:
+            return True
+        return any(self)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..315fb9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import collections
+import math
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.providers import AbstractProvider
+
+from .base import Candidate, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+from .factory import Factory
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.providers import Preference
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import RequirementInformation
+
+    PreferenceInformation = RequirementInformation[Requirement, Candidate]
+
+    _ProviderBase = AbstractProvider[Requirement, Candidate, str]
+else:
+    _ProviderBase = AbstractProvider
+
+# Notes on the relationship between the provider, the factory, and the
+# candidate and requirement classes.
+#
+# The provider is a direct implementation of the resolvelib class. Its role
+# is to deliver the API that resolvelib expects.
+#
+# Rather than work with completely abstract "requirement" and "candidate"
+# concepts as resolvelib does, pip has concrete classes implementing these two
+# ideas. The API of Requirement and Candidate objects are defined in the base
+# classes, but essentially map fairly directly to the equivalent provider
+# methods. In particular, `find_matches` and `is_satisfied_by` are
+# requirement methods, and `get_dependencies` is a candidate method.
+#
+# The factory is the interface to pip's internal mechanisms. It is stateless,
+# and is created by the resolver and held as a property of the provider. It is
+# responsible for creating Requirement and Candidate objects, and provides
+# services to those objects (access to pip's finder and preparer).
+
+
+D = TypeVar("D")
+V = TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _get_with_identifier(
+    mapping: Mapping[str, V],
+    identifier: str,
+    default: D,
+) -> Union[D, V]:
+    """Get item from a package name lookup mapping with a resolver identifier.
+
+    This extra logic is needed when the target mapping is keyed by package
+    name, which cannot be directly looked up with an identifier (which may
+    contain requested extras). Additional logic is added to also look up a value
+    by "cleaning up" the extras from the identifier.
+    """
+    if identifier in mapping:
+        return mapping[identifier]
+    # HACK: Theoretically we should check whether this identifier is a valid
+    # "NAME[EXTRAS]" format, and parse out the name part with packaging or
+    # some regular expression. But since pip's resolver only spits out three
+    # kinds of identifiers: normalized PEP 503 names, normalized names plus
+    # extras, and Requires-Python, we can cheat a bit here.
+    name, open_bracket, _ = identifier.partition("[")
+    if open_bracket and name in mapping:
+        return mapping[name]
+    return default
+
+
+class PipProvider(_ProviderBase):
+    """Pip's provider implementation for resolvelib.
+
+    :params constraints: A mapping of constraints specified by the user. Keys
+        are canonicalized project names.
+    :params ignore_dependencies: Whether the user specified ``--no-deps``.
+    :params upgrade_strategy: The user-specified upgrade strategy.
+    :params user_requested: A set of canonicalized package names that the user
+        supplied for pip to install/upgrade.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        factory: Factory,
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        user_requested: Dict[str, int],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._constraints = constraints
+        self._ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self._upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self._user_requested = user_requested
+        self._known_depths: Dict[str, float] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: math.inf)
+
+    def identify(self, requirement_or_candidate: Union[Requirement, Candidate]) -> str:
+        return requirement_or_candidate.name
+
+    def get_preference(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        resolutions: Mapping[str, Candidate],
+        candidates: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        information: Mapping[str, Iterable["PreferenceInformation"]],
+        backtrack_causes: Sequence["PreferenceInformation"],
+    ) -> "Preference":
+        """Produce a sort key for given requirement based on preference.
+
+        The lower the return value is, the more preferred this group of
+        arguments is.
+
+        Currently pip considers the following in order:
+
+        * Prefer if any of the known requirements is "direct", e.g. points to an
+          explicit URL.
+        * If equal, prefer if any requirement is "pinned", i.e. contains
+          operator ``===`` or ``==``.
+        * If equal, calculate an approximate "depth" and resolve requirements
+          closer to the user-specified requirements first. If the depth cannot
+          by determined (eg: due to no matching parents), it is considered
+          infinite.
+        * Order user-specified requirements by the order they are specified.
+        * If equal, prefers "non-free" requirements, i.e. contains at least one
+          operator, such as ``>=`` or ``<``.
+        * If equal, order alphabetically for consistency (helps debuggability).
+        """
+        try:
+            next(iter(information[identifier]))
+        except StopIteration:
+            # There is no information for this identifier, so there's no known
+            # candidates.
+            has_information = False
+        else:
+            has_information = True
+
+        if has_information:
+            lookups = (r.get_candidate_lookup() for r, _ in information[identifier])
+            candidate, ireqs = zip(*lookups)
+        else:
+            candidate, ireqs = None, ()
+
+        operators = [
+            specifier.operator
+            for specifier_set in (ireq.specifier for ireq in ireqs if ireq)
+            for specifier in specifier_set
+        ]
+
+        direct = candidate is not None
+        pinned = any(op[:2] == "==" for op in operators)
+        unfree = bool(operators)
+
+        try:
+            requested_order: Union[int, float] = self._user_requested[identifier]
+        except KeyError:
+            requested_order = math.inf
+            if has_information:
+                parent_depths = (
+                    self._known_depths[parent.name] if parent is not None else 0.0
+                    for _, parent in information[identifier]
+                )
+                inferred_depth = min(d for d in parent_depths) + 1.0
+            else:
+                inferred_depth = math.inf
+        else:
+            inferred_depth = 1.0
+        self._known_depths[identifier] = inferred_depth
+
+        requested_order = self._user_requested.get(identifier, math.inf)
+
+        # Requires-Python has only one candidate and the check is basically
+        # free, so we always do it first to avoid needless work if it fails.
+        requires_python = identifier == REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+        # Prefer the causes of backtracking on the assumption that the problem
+        # resolving the dependency tree is related to the failures that caused
+        # the backtracking
+        backtrack_cause = self.is_backtrack_cause(identifier, backtrack_causes)
+
+        return (
+            not requires_python,
+            not direct,
+            not pinned,
+            not backtrack_cause,
+            inferred_depth,
+            requested_order,
+            not unfree,
+            identifier,
+        )
+
+    def find_matches(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterator[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        def _eligible_for_upgrade(identifier: str) -> bool:
+            """Are upgrades allowed for this project?
+
+            This checks the upgrade strategy, and whether the project was one
+            that the user specified in the command line, in order to decide
+            whether we should upgrade if there's a newer version available.
+
+            (Note that we don't need access to the `--upgrade` flag, because
+            an upgrade strategy of "to-satisfy-only" means that `--upgrade`
+            was not specified).
+            """
+            if self._upgrade_strategy == "eager":
+                return True
+            elif self._upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
+                user_order = _get_with_identifier(
+                    self._user_requested,
+                    identifier,
+                    default=None,
+                )
+                return user_order is not None
+            return False
+
+        constraint = _get_with_identifier(
+            self._constraints,
+            identifier,
+            default=Constraint.empty(),
+        )
+        return self._factory.find_candidates(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            requirements=requirements,
+            constraint=constraint,
+            prefers_installed=(not _eligible_for_upgrade(identifier)),
+            incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+        )
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, requirement: Requirement, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return requirement.is_satisfied_by(candidate)
+
+    def get_dependencies(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Sequence[Requirement]:
+        with_requires = not self._ignore_dependencies
+        return [r for r in candidate.iter_dependencies(with_requires) if r is not None]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_backtrack_cause(
+        identifier: str, backtrack_causes: Sequence["PreferenceInformation"]
+    ) -> bool:
+        for backtrack_cause in backtrack_causes:
+            if identifier == backtrack_cause.requirement.name:
+                return True
+            if backtrack_cause.parent and identifier == backtrack_cause.parent.name:
+                return True
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12adeff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from logging import getLogger
+from typing import Any, DefaultDict
+
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.reporters import BaseReporter
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PipReporter(BaseReporter):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.reject_count_by_package: DefaultDict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+        self._messages_at_reject_count = {
+            1: (
+                "pip is looking at multiple versions of {package_name} to "
+                "determine which version is compatible with other "
+                "requirements. This could take a while."
+            ),
+            8: (
+                "pip is still looking at multiple versions of {package_name} to "
+                "determine which version is compatible with other "
+                "requirements. This could take a while."
+            ),
+            13: (
+                "This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide "
+                "the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce "
+                "runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for "
+                "guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C."
+            ),
+        }
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion: Any, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.reject_count_by_package[candidate.name] += 1
+
+        count = self.reject_count_by_package[candidate.name]
+        if count not in self._messages_at_reject_count:
+            return
+
+        message = self._messages_at_reject_count[count]
+        logger.info("INFO: %s", message.format(package_name=candidate.name))
+
+        msg = "Will try a different candidate, due to conflict:"
+        for req_info in criterion.information:
+            req, parent = req_info.requirement, req_info.parent
+            # Inspired by Factory.get_installation_error
+            msg += "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg += f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg += "The user requested "
+            msg += req.format_for_error()
+        logger.debug(msg)
+
+
+class PipDebuggingReporter(BaseReporter):
+    """A reporter that does an info log for every event it sees."""
+
+    def starting(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.starting()")
+
+    def starting_round(self, index: int) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.starting_round(%r)", index)
+
+    def ending_round(self, index: int, state: Any) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.ending_round(%r, state)", index)
+
+    def ending(self, state: Any) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.ending(%r)", state)
+
+    def adding_requirement(self, requirement: Requirement, parent: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.adding_requirement(%r, %r)", requirement, parent)
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion: Any, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.rejecting_candidate(%r, %r)", criterion, candidate)
+
+    def pinning(self, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.pinning(%r)", candidate)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4af4a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import install_req_drop_extras
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateLookup, Requirement, format_name
+
+
+class ExplicitRequirement(Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.candidate = candidate
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.candidate)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.candidate!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        # No need to canonicalize - the candidate did this
+        return self.candidate.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        # No need to canonicalize - the candidate did this
+        return self.candidate.name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return self.candidate.format_for_error()
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return self.candidate, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return candidate == self.candidate
+
+
+class SpecifierRequirement(Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert ireq.link is None, "This is a link, not a specifier"
+        self._ireq = ireq
+        self._extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in self._ireq.extras)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._ireq.req)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._ireq.req)!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        assert self._ireq.req, "Specifier-backed ireq is always PEP 508"
+        return canonicalize_name(self._ireq.req.name)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return format_name(self.project_name, self._extras)
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        # Convert comma-separated specifiers into "A, B, ..., F and G"
+        # This makes the specifier a bit more "human readable", without
+        # risking a change in meaning. (Hopefully! Not all edge cases have
+        # been checked)
+        parts = [s.strip() for s in str(self).split(",")]
+        if len(parts) == 0:
+            return ""
+        elif len(parts) == 1:
+            return parts[0]
+
+        return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return None, self._ireq
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        assert candidate.name == self.name, (
+            f"Internal issue: Candidate is not for this requirement "
+            f"{candidate.name} vs {self.name}"
+        )
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        assert self._ireq.req, "Specifier-backed ireq is always PEP 508"
+        spec = self._ireq.req.specifier
+        return spec.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(SpecifierRequirement):
+    """
+    Requirement backed by an install requirement on a base package.
+    Trims extras from its install requirement if there are any.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert ireq.link is None, "This is a link, not a specifier"
+        self._ireq = install_req_drop_extras(ireq)
+        self._extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in self._ireq.extras)
+
+
+class RequiresPythonRequirement(Requirement):
+    """A requirement representing Requires-Python metadata."""
+
+    def __init__(self, specifier: SpecifierSet, match: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.specifier = specifier
+        self._candidate = match
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self.specifier}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self.specifier)!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self._candidate.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._candidate.name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        if self.specifier.contains(self._candidate.version, prereleases=True):
+            return self._candidate, None
+        return None, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        assert candidate.name == self._candidate.name, "Not Python candidate"
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        return self.specifier.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class UnsatisfiableRequirement(Requirement):
+    """A requirement that cannot be satisfied."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name: NormalizedName) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self._name} (unavailable)"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._name)!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return None, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c12beef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import BaseReporter, ResolutionImpossible
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import Resolver as RLResolver
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.structs import DirectedGraph
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import install_req_extend_extras
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.provider import PipProvider
+from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.reporter import (
+    PipDebuggingReporter,
+    PipReporter,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement
+from .factory import Factory
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import Result as RLResult
+
+    Result = RLResult[Requirement, Candidate, str]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
+
+        self.factory = Factory(
+            finder=finder,
+            preparer=preparer,
+            make_install_req=make_install_req,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+            ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+            py_version_info=py_version_info,
+        )
+        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self._result: Optional[Result] = None
+
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        collected = self.factory.collect_root_requirements(root_reqs)
+        provider = PipProvider(
+            factory=self.factory,
+            constraints=collected.constraints,
+            ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies,
+            upgrade_strategy=self.upgrade_strategy,
+            user_requested=collected.user_requested,
+        )
+        if "PIP_RESOLVER_DEBUG" in os.environ:
+            reporter: BaseReporter = PipDebuggingReporter()
+        else:
+            reporter = PipReporter()
+        resolver: RLResolver[Requirement, Candidate, str] = RLResolver(
+            provider,
+            reporter,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            limit_how_complex_resolution_can_be = 200000
+            result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
+                collected.requirements, max_rounds=limit_how_complex_resolution_can_be
+            )
+
+        except ResolutionImpossible as e:
+            error = self.factory.get_installation_error(
+                cast("ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]", e),
+                collected.constraints,
+            )
+            raise error from e
+
+        req_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
+        # process candidates with extras last to ensure their base equivalent is
+        # already in the req_set if appropriate.
+        # Python's sort is stable so using a binary key function keeps relative order
+        # within both subsets.
+        for candidate in sorted(
+            result.mapping.values(), key=lambda c: c.name != c.project_name
+        ):
+            ireq = candidate.get_install_requirement()
+            if ireq is None:
+                if candidate.name != candidate.project_name:
+                    # extend existing req's extras
+                    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+                        req = req_set.get_requirement(candidate.project_name)
+                        req_set.add_named_requirement(
+                            install_req_extend_extras(
+                                req, get_requirement(candidate.name).extras
+                            )
+                        )
+                continue
+
+            # Check if there is already an installation under the same name,
+            # and set a flag for later stages to uninstall it, if needed.
+            installed_dist = self.factory.get_dist_to_uninstall(candidate)
+            if installed_dist is None:
+                # There is no existing installation -- nothing to uninstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = False
+            elif self.factory.force_reinstall:
+                # The --force-reinstall flag is set -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif installed_dist.version != candidate.version:
+                # The installation is different in version -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif candidate.is_editable or installed_dist.editable:
+                # The incoming distribution is editable, or different in
+                # editable-ness to installation -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif candidate.source_link and candidate.source_link.is_file:
+                # The incoming distribution is under file://
+                if candidate.source_link.is_wheel:
+                    # is a local wheel -- do nothing.
+                    logger.info(
+                        "%s is already installed with the same version as the "
+                        "provided wheel. Use --force-reinstall to force an "
+                        "installation of the wheel.",
+                        ireq.name,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                # is a local sdist or path -- reinstall
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            else:
+                continue
+
+            link = candidate.source_link
+            if link and link.is_yanked:
+                # The reason can contain non-ASCII characters, Unicode
+                # is required for Python 2.
+                msg = (
+                    "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
+                    "yanked version: {name!r} candidate (version {version} "
+                    "at {link})\nReason for being yanked: {reason}"
+                ).format(
+                    name=candidate.name,
+                    version=candidate.version,
+                    link=link,
+                    reason=link.yanked_reason or "<none given>",
+                )
+                logger.warning(msg)
+
+            req_set.add_named_requirement(ireq)
+
+        reqs = req_set.all_requirements
+        self.factory.preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(reqs)
+        for req in reqs:
+            req.prepared = True
+            req.needs_more_preparation = False
+        return req_set
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Get order for installation of requirements in RequirementSet.
+
+        The returned list contains a requirement before another that depends on
+        it. This helps ensure that the environment is kept consistent as they
+        get installed one-by-one.
+
+        The current implementation creates a topological ordering of the
+        dependency graph, giving more weight to packages with less
+        or no dependencies, while breaking any cycles in the graph at
+        arbitrary points. We make no guarantees about where the cycle
+        would be broken, other than it *would* be broken.
+        """
+        assert self._result is not None, "must call resolve() first"
+
+        if not req_set.requirements:
+            # Nothing is left to install, so we do not need an order.
+            return []
+
+        graph = self._result.graph
+        weights = get_topological_weights(graph, set(req_set.requirements.keys()))
+
+        sorted_items = sorted(
+            req_set.requirements.items(),
+            key=functools.partial(_req_set_item_sorter, weights=weights),
+            reverse=True,
+        )
+        return [ireq for _, ireq in sorted_items]
+
+
+def get_topological_weights(
+    graph: "DirectedGraph[Optional[str]]", requirement_keys: Set[str]
+) -> Dict[Optional[str], int]:
+    """Assign weights to each node based on how "deep" they are.
+
+    This implementation may change at any point in the future without prior
+    notice.
+
+    We first simplify the dependency graph by pruning any leaves and giving them
+    the highest weight: a package without any dependencies should be installed
+    first. This is done again and again in the same way, giving ever less weight
+    to the newly found leaves. The loop stops when no leaves are left: all
+    remaining packages have at least one dependency left in the graph.
+
+    Then we continue with the remaining graph, by taking the length for the
+    longest path to any node from root, ignoring any paths that contain a single
+    node twice (i.e. cycles). This is done through a depth-first search through
+    the graph, while keeping track of the path to the node.
+
+    Cycles in the graph result would result in node being revisited while also
+    being on its own path. In this case, take no action. This helps ensure we
+    don't get stuck in a cycle.
+
+    When assigning weight, the longer path (i.e. larger length) is preferred.
+
+    We are only interested in the weights of packages that are in the
+    requirement_keys.
+    """
+    path: Set[Optional[str]] = set()
+    weights: Dict[Optional[str], int] = {}
+
+    def visit(node: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if node in path:
+            # We hit a cycle, so we'll break it here.
+            return
+
+        # Time to visit the children!
+        path.add(node)
+        for child in graph.iter_children(node):
+            visit(child)
+        path.remove(node)
+
+        if node not in requirement_keys:
+            return
+
+        last_known_parent_count = weights.get(node, 0)
+        weights[node] = max(last_known_parent_count, len(path))
+
+    # Simplify the graph, pruning leaves that have no dependencies.
+    # This is needed for large graphs (say over 200 packages) because the
+    # `visit` function is exponentially slower then, taking minutes.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10557
+    # We will loop until we explicitly break the loop.
+    while True:
+        leaves = set()
+        for key in graph:
+            if key is None:
+                continue
+            for _child in graph.iter_children(key):
+                # This means we have at least one child
+                break
+            else:
+                # No child.
+                leaves.add(key)
+        if not leaves:
+            # We are done simplifying.
+            break
+        # Calculate the weight for the leaves.
+        weight = len(graph) - 1
+        for leaf in leaves:
+            if leaf not in requirement_keys:
+                continue
+            weights[leaf] = weight
+        # Remove the leaves from the graph, making it simpler.
+        for leaf in leaves:
+            graph.remove(leaf)
+
+    # Visit the remaining graph.
+    # `None` is guaranteed to be the root node by resolvelib.
+    visit(None)
+
+    # Sanity check: all requirement keys should be in the weights,
+    # and no other keys should be in the weights.
+    difference = set(weights.keys()).difference(requirement_keys)
+    assert not difference, difference
+
+    return weights
+
+
+def _req_set_item_sorter(
+    item: Tuple[str, InstallRequirement],
+    weights: Dict[Optional[str], int],
+) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    """Key function used to sort install requirements for installation.
+
+    Based on the "weight" mapping calculated in ``get_installation_order()``.
+    The canonical package name is returned as the second member as a tie-
+    breaker to ensure the result is predictable, which is useful in tests.
+    """
+    name = canonicalize_name(item[0])
+    return weights[name], name
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f64ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+import datetime
+import functools
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os.path
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import DistributionVersion
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import (
+    get_best_invocation_for_this_pip,
+    get_best_invocation_for_this_python,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, check_path_owner, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+_WEEK = datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_statefile_name(key: str) -> str:
+    key_bytes = key.encode()
+    name = hashlib.sha224(key_bytes).hexdigest()
+    return name
+
+
+def _convert_date(isodate: str) -> datetime.datetime:
+    """Convert an ISO format string to a date.
+
+    Handles the format 2020-01-22T14:24:01Z (trailing Z)
+    which is not supported by older versions of fromisoformat.
+    """
+    return datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(isodate.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+
+
+class SelfCheckState:
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        self._state: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._statefile_path = None
+
+        # Try to load the existing state
+        if cache_dir:
+            self._statefile_path = os.path.join(
+                cache_dir, "selfcheck", _get_statefile_name(self.key)
+            )
+            try:
+                with open(self._statefile_path, encoding="utf-8") as statefile:
+                    self._state = json.load(statefile)
+            except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError):
+                # Explicitly suppressing exceptions, since we don't want to
+                # error out if the cache file is invalid.
+                pass
+
+    @property
+    def key(self) -> str:
+        return sys.prefix
+
+    def get(self, current_time: datetime.datetime) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Check if we have a not-outdated version loaded already."""
+        if not self._state:
+            return None
+
+        if "last_check" not in self._state:
+            return None
+
+        if "pypi_version" not in self._state:
+            return None
+
+        # Determine if we need to refresh the state
+        last_check = _convert_date(self._state["last_check"])
+        time_since_last_check = current_time - last_check
+        if time_since_last_check > _WEEK:
+            return None
+
+        return self._state["pypi_version"]
+
+    def set(self, pypi_version: str, current_time: datetime.datetime) -> None:
+        # If we do not have a path to cache in, don't bother saving.
+        if not self._statefile_path:
+            return
+
+        # Check to make sure that we own the directory
+        if not check_path_owner(os.path.dirname(self._statefile_path)):
+            return
+
+        # Now that we've ensured the directory is owned by this user, we'll go
+        # ahead and make sure that all our directories are created.
+        ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self._statefile_path))
+
+        state = {
+            # Include the key so it's easy to tell which pip wrote the
+            # file.
+            "key": self.key,
+            "last_check": current_time.isoformat(),
+            "pypi_version": pypi_version,
+        }
+
+        text = json.dumps(state, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
+
+        with adjacent_tmp_file(self._statefile_path) as f:
+            f.write(text.encode())
+
+        try:
+            # Since we have a prefix-specific state file, we can just
+            # overwrite whatever is there, no need to check.
+            replace(f.name, self._statefile_path)
+        except OSError:
+            # Best effort.
+            pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UpgradePrompt:
+    old: str
+    new: str
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Group:
+        if WINDOWS:
+            pip_cmd = f"{get_best_invocation_for_this_python()} -m pip"
+        else:
+            pip_cmd = get_best_invocation_for_this_pip()
+
+        notice = "[bold][[reset][blue]notice[reset][bold]][reset]"
+        return Group(
+            Text(),
+            Text.from_markup(
+                f"{notice} A new release of pip is available: "
+                f"[red]{self.old}[reset] -> [green]{self.new}[reset]"
+            ),
+            Text.from_markup(
+                f"{notice} To update, run: "
+                f"[green]{escape(pip_cmd)} install --upgrade pip"
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+def was_installed_by_pip(pkg: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks whether pkg was installed by pip
+
+    This is used not to display the upgrade message when pip is in fact
+    installed by system package manager, such as dnf on Fedora.
+    """
+    dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(pkg)
+    return dist is not None and "pip" == dist.installer
+
+
+def _get_current_remote_pip_version(
+    session: PipSession, options: optparse.Values
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    # Lets use PackageFinder to see what the latest pip version is
+    link_collector = LinkCollector.create(
+        session,
+        options=options,
+        suppress_no_index=True,
+    )
+
+    # Pass allow_yanked=False so we don't suggest upgrading to a
+    # yanked version.
+    selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+        allow_yanked=False,
+        allow_all_prereleases=False,  # Explicitly set to False
+    )
+
+    finder = PackageFinder.create(
+        link_collector=link_collector,
+        selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+    )
+    best_candidate = finder.find_best_candidate("pip").best_candidate
+    if best_candidate is None:
+        return None
+
+    return str(best_candidate.version)
+
+
+def _self_version_check_logic(
+    *,
+    state: SelfCheckState,
+    current_time: datetime.datetime,
+    local_version: DistributionVersion,
+    get_remote_version: Callable[[], Optional[str]],
+) -> Optional[UpgradePrompt]:
+    remote_version_str = state.get(current_time)
+    if remote_version_str is None:
+        remote_version_str = get_remote_version()
+        if remote_version_str is None:
+            logger.debug("No remote pip version found")
+            return None
+        state.set(remote_version_str, current_time)
+
+    remote_version = parse_version(remote_version_str)
+    logger.debug("Remote version of pip: %s", remote_version)
+    logger.debug("Local version of pip:  %s", local_version)
+
+    pip_installed_by_pip = was_installed_by_pip("pip")
+    logger.debug("Was pip installed by pip? %s", pip_installed_by_pip)
+    if not pip_installed_by_pip:
+        return None  # Only suggest upgrade if pip is installed by pip.
+
+    local_version_is_older = (
+        local_version < remote_version
+        and local_version.base_version != remote_version.base_version
+    )
+    if local_version_is_older:
+        return UpgradePrompt(old=str(local_version), new=remote_version_str)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def pip_self_version_check(session: PipSession, options: optparse.Values) -> None:
+    """Check for an update for pip.
+
+    Limit the frequency of checks to once per week. State is stored either in
+    the active virtualenv or in the user's USER_CACHE_DIR keyed off the prefix
+    of the pip script path.
+    """
+    installed_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("pip")
+    if not installed_dist:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        upgrade_prompt = _self_version_check_logic(
+            state=SelfCheckState(cache_dir=options.cache_dir),
+            current_time=datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
+            local_version=installed_dist.version,
+            get_remote_version=functools.partial(
+                _get_current_remote_pip_version, session, options
+            ),
+        )
+        if upgrade_prompt is not None:
+            logger.warning("%s", upgrade_prompt, extra={"rich": True})
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning("There was an error checking the latest version of pip.")
+        logger.debug("See below for error", exc_info=True)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e06947c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Functions brought over from jaraco.text.
+
+These functions are not supposed to be used within `pip._internal`. These are
+helper functions brought over from `jaraco.text` to enable vendoring newer
+copies of `pkg_resources` without having to vendor `jaraco.text` and its entire
+dependency cone; something that our vendoring setup is not currently capable of
+handling.
+
+License reproduced from original source below:
+
+Copyright Jason R. Coombs
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+
+
+def _nonblank(str):
+    return str and not str.startswith("#")
+
+
+@functools.singledispatch
+def yield_lines(iterable):
+    r"""
+    Yield valid lines of a string or iterable.
+
+    >>> list(yield_lines(''))
+    []
+    >>> list(yield_lines(['foo', 'bar']))
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> list(yield_lines('foo\nbar'))
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> list(yield_lines('\nfoo\n#bar\nbaz #comment'))
+    ['foo', 'baz #comment']
+    >>> list(yield_lines(['foo\nbar', 'baz', 'bing\n\n\n']))
+    ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'bing']
+    """
+    return itertools.chain.from_iterable(map(yield_lines, iterable))
+
+
+@yield_lines.register(str)
+def _(text):
+    return filter(_nonblank, map(str.strip, text.splitlines()))
+
+
+def drop_comment(line):
+    """
+    Drop comments.
+
+    >>> drop_comment('foo # bar')
+    'foo'
+
+    A hash without a space may be in a URL.
+
+    >>> drop_comment('http://example.com/foo#bar')
+    'http://example.com/foo#bar'
+    """
+    return line.partition(" #")[0]
+
+
+def join_continuation(lines):
+    r"""
+    Join lines continued by a trailing backslash.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar', 'baz']))
+    ['foobar', 'baz']
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar', 'baz']))
+    ['foobar', 'baz']
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar \\', 'baz']))
+    ['foobarbaz']
+
+    Not sure why, but...
+    The character preceeding the backslash is also elided.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['goo\\', 'dly']))
+    ['godly']
+
+    A terrible idea, but...
+    If no line is available to continue, suppress the lines.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo', 'bar\\', 'baz\\']))
+    ['foo']
+    """
+    lines = iter(lines)
+    for item in lines:
+        while item.endswith("\\"):
+            try:
+                item = item[:-2].strip() + next(lines)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+        yield item
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c4c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Customize logging
+
+Defines custom logger class for the `logger.verbose(...)` method.
+
+init_logging() must be called before any other modules that call logging.getLogger.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+# custom log level for `--verbose` output
+# between DEBUG and INFO
+VERBOSE = 15
+
+
+class VerboseLogger(logging.Logger):
+    """Custom Logger, defining a verbose log-level
+
+    VERBOSE is between INFO and DEBUG.
+    """
+
+    def verbose(self, msg: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        return self.log(VERBOSE, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def getLogger(name: str) -> VerboseLogger:
+    """logging.getLogger, but ensures our VerboseLogger class is returned"""
+    return cast(VerboseLogger, logging.getLogger(name))
+
+
+def init_logging() -> None:
+    """Register our VerboseLogger and VERBOSE log level.
+
+    Should be called before any calls to getLogger(),
+    i.e. in pip._internal.__init__
+    """
+    logging.setLoggerClass(VerboseLogger)
+    logging.addLevelName(VERBOSE, "VERBOSE")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16933bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""
+This code wraps the vendored appdirs module to so the return values are
+compatible for the current pip code base.
+
+The intention is to rewrite current usages gradually, keeping the tests pass,
+and eventually drop this after all usages are changed.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor import platformdirs as _appdirs
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(appname: str) -> str:
+    return _appdirs.user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor=False)
+
+
+def _macos_user_config_dir(appname: str, roaming: bool = True) -> str:
+    # Use ~/Application Support/pip, if the directory exists.
+    path = _appdirs.user_data_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        return path
+
+    # Use a Linux-like ~/.config/pip, by default.
+    linux_like_path = "~/.config/"
+    if appname:
+        linux_like_path = os.path.join(linux_like_path, appname)
+
+    return os.path.expanduser(linux_like_path)
+
+
+def user_config_dir(appname: str, roaming: bool = True) -> str:
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return _macos_user_config_dir(appname, roaming)
+
+    return _appdirs.user_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
+
+
+# for the discussion regarding site_config_dir locations
+# see <https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1733>
+def site_config_dirs(appname: str) -> List[str]:
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return [_appdirs.site_data_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)]
+
+    dirval = _appdirs.site_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return [dirval]
+
+    # Unix-y system. Look in /etc as well.
+    return dirval.split(os.pathsep) + ["/etc"]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f4d300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Stuff that differs in different Python versions and platform
+distributions."""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+
+__all__ = ["get_path_uid", "stdlib_pkgs", "WINDOWS"]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def has_tls() -> bool:
+    try:
+        import _ssl  # noqa: F401  # ignore unused
+
+        return True
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import IS_PYOPENSSL
+
+    return IS_PYOPENSSL
+
+
+def get_path_uid(path: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Return path's uid.
+
+    Does not follow symlinks:
+        https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/935#discussion_r5307003
+
+    Placed this function in compat due to differences on AIX and
+    Jython, that should eventually go away.
+
+    :raises OSError: When path is a symlink or can't be read.
+    """
+    if hasattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW"):
+        fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NOFOLLOW)
+        file_uid = os.fstat(fd).st_uid
+        os.close(fd)
+    else:  # AIX and Jython
+        # WARNING: time of check vulnerability, but best we can do w/o NOFOLLOW
+        if not os.path.islink(path):
+            # older versions of Jython don't have `os.fstat`
+            file_uid = os.stat(path).st_uid
+        else:
+            # raise OSError for parity with os.O_NOFOLLOW above
+            raise OSError(f"{path} is a symlink; Will not return uid for symlinks")
+    return file_uid
+
+
+# packages in the stdlib that may have installation metadata, but should not be
+# considered 'installed'.  this theoretically could be determined based on
+# dist.location (py27:`sysconfig.get_paths()['stdlib']`,
+# py26:sysconfig.get_config_vars('LIBDEST')), but fear platform variation may
+# make this ineffective, so hard-coding
+stdlib_pkgs = {"python", "wsgiref", "argparse"}
+
+
+# windows detection, covers cpython and ironpython
+WINDOWS = sys.platform.startswith("win") or (sys.platform == "cli" and os.name == "nt")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ed9a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""Generate and work with PEP 425 Compatibility Tags.
+"""
+
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import (
+    PythonVersion,
+    Tag,
+    compatible_tags,
+    cpython_tags,
+    generic_tags,
+    interpreter_name,
+    interpreter_version,
+    mac_platforms,
+)
+
+_osx_arch_pat = re.compile(r"(.+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(.+)")
+
+
+def version_info_to_nodot(version_info: Tuple[int, ...]) -> str:
+    # Only use up to the first two numbers.
+    return "".join(map(str, version_info[:2]))
+
+
+def _mac_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    match = _osx_arch_pat.match(arch)
+    if match:
+        name, major, minor, actual_arch = match.groups()
+        mac_version = (int(major), int(minor))
+        arches = [
+            # Since we have always only checked that the platform starts
+            # with "macosx", for backwards-compatibility we extract the
+            # actual prefix provided by the user in case they provided
+            # something like "macosxcustom_". It may be good to remove
+            # this as undocumented or deprecate it in the future.
+            "{}_{}".format(name, arch[len("macosx_") :])
+            for arch in mac_platforms(mac_version, actual_arch)
+        ]
+    else:
+        # arch pattern didn't match (?!)
+        arches = [arch]
+    return arches
+
+
+def _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    arches = [arch]
+    arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition("_")
+    if arch_prefix == "manylinux2014":
+        # manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels run on most manylinux2014 systems
+        # with the exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 599 states
+        # manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels should be considered
+        # manylinux2014 wheels:
+        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux2010-wheels
+        if arch_suffix in {"i686", "x86_64"}:
+            arches.append("manylinux2010" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+            arches.append("manylinux1" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+    elif arch_prefix == "manylinux2010":
+        # manylinux1 wheels run on most manylinux2010 systems with the
+        # exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 571 states
+        # manylinux1 wheels should be considered manylinux2010 wheels:
+        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux1-wheels
+        arches.append("manylinux1" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+    return arches
+
+
+def _get_custom_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition("_")
+    if arch.startswith("macosx"):
+        arches = _mac_platforms(arch)
+    elif arch_prefix in ["manylinux2014", "manylinux2010"]:
+        arches = _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch)
+    else:
+        arches = [arch]
+    return arches
+
+
+def _expand_allowed_platforms(platforms: Optional[List[str]]) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    if not platforms:
+        return None
+
+    seen = set()
+    result = []
+
+    for p in platforms:
+        if p in seen:
+            continue
+        additions = [c for c in _get_custom_platforms(p) if c not in seen]
+        seen.update(additions)
+        result.extend(additions)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _get_python_version(version: str) -> PythonVersion:
+    if len(version) > 1:
+        return int(version[0]), int(version[1:])
+    else:
+        return (int(version[0]),)
+
+
+def _get_custom_interpreter(
+    implementation: Optional[str] = None, version: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    if implementation is None:
+        implementation = interpreter_name()
+    if version is None:
+        version = interpreter_version()
+    return f"{implementation}{version}"
+
+
+def get_supported(
+    version: Optional[str] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    impl: Optional[str] = None,
+    abis: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+) -> List[Tag]:
+    """Return a list of supported tags for each version specified in
+    `versions`.
+
+    :param version: a string version, of the form "33" or "32",
+        or None. The version will be assumed to support our ABI.
+    :param platform: specify a list of platforms you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local system platform.
+    :param impl: specify the exact implementation you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter impl.
+    :param abis: specify a list of abis you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter abi.
+    """
+    supported: List[Tag] = []
+
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None
+    if version is not None:
+        python_version = _get_python_version(version)
+
+    interpreter = _get_custom_interpreter(impl, version)
+
+    platforms = _expand_allowed_platforms(platforms)
+
+    is_cpython = (impl or interpreter_name()) == "cp"
+    if is_cpython:
+        supported.extend(
+            cpython_tags(
+                python_version=python_version,
+                abis=abis,
+                platforms=platforms,
+            )
+        )
+    else:
+        supported.extend(
+            generic_tags(
+                interpreter=interpreter,
+                abis=abis,
+                platforms=platforms,
+            )
+        )
+    supported.extend(
+        compatible_tags(
+            python_version=python_version,
+            interpreter=interpreter,
+            platforms=platforms,
+        )
+    )
+
+    return supported
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8668b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""For when pip wants to check the date or time.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+
+def today_is_later_than(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> bool:
+    today = datetime.date.today()
+    given = datetime.date(year, month, day)
+
+    return today > given
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72bd6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""
+A module that implements tooling to enable easy warnings about deprecations.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import warnings
+from typing import Any, Optional, TextIO, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse
+
+from pip import __version__ as current_version  # NOTE: tests patch this name.
+
+DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX = "DEPRECATION: "
+
+
+class PipDeprecationWarning(Warning):
+    pass
+
+
+_original_showwarning: Any = None
+
+
+# Warnings <-> Logging Integration
+def _showwarning(
+    message: Union[Warning, str],
+    category: Type[Warning],
+    filename: str,
+    lineno: int,
+    file: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    line: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if file is not None:
+        if _original_showwarning is not None:
+            _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+    elif issubclass(category, PipDeprecationWarning):
+        # We use a specially named logger which will handle all of the
+        # deprecation messages for pip.
+        logger = logging.getLogger("pip._internal.deprecations")
+        logger.warning(message)
+    else:
+        _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+
+
+def install_warning_logger() -> None:
+    # Enable our Deprecation Warnings
+    warnings.simplefilter("default", PipDeprecationWarning, append=True)
+
+    global _original_showwarning
+
+    if _original_showwarning is None:
+        _original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
+        warnings.showwarning = _showwarning
+
+
+def deprecated(
+    *,
+    reason: str,
+    replacement: Optional[str],
+    gone_in: Optional[str],
+    feature_flag: Optional[str] = None,
+    issue: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Helper to deprecate existing functionality.
+
+    reason:
+        Textual reason shown to the user about why this functionality has
+        been deprecated. Should be a complete sentence.
+    replacement:
+        Textual suggestion shown to the user about what alternative
+        functionality they can use.
+    gone_in:
+        The version of pip does this functionality should get removed in.
+        Raises an error if pip's current version is greater than or equal to
+        this.
+    feature_flag:
+        Command-line flag of the form --use-feature={feature_flag} for testing
+        upcoming functionality.
+    issue:
+        Issue number on the tracker that would serve as a useful place for
+        users to find related discussion and provide feedback.
+    """
+
+    # Determine whether or not the feature is already gone in this version.
+    is_gone = gone_in is not None and parse(current_version) >= parse(gone_in)
+
+    message_parts = [
+        (reason, f"{DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX}{{}}"),
+        (
+            gone_in,
+            "pip {} will enforce this behaviour change."
+            if not is_gone
+            else "Since pip {}, this is no longer supported.",
+        ),
+        (
+            replacement,
+            "A possible replacement is {}.",
+        ),
+        (
+            feature_flag,
+            "You can use the flag --use-feature={} to test the upcoming behaviour."
+            if not is_gone
+            else None,
+        ),
+        (
+            issue,
+            "Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/{}",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    message = " ".join(
+        format_str.format(value)
+        for value, format_str in message_parts
+        if format_str is not None and value is not None
+    )
+
+    # Raise as an error if this behaviour is deprecated.
+    if is_gone:
+        raise PipDeprecationWarning(message)
+
+    warnings.warn(message, category=PipDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e8e5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import ArchiveInfo, DirectUrl, DirInfo, VcsInfo
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+
+def direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url: DirectUrl, name: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a DirectUrl to a pip requirement string."""
+    direct_url.validate()  # if invalid, this is a pip bug
+    requirement = name + " @ "
+    fragments = []
+    if isinstance(direct_url.info, VcsInfo):
+        requirement += "{}+{}@{}".format(
+            direct_url.info.vcs, direct_url.url, direct_url.info.commit_id
+        )
+    elif isinstance(direct_url.info, ArchiveInfo):
+        requirement += direct_url.url
+        if direct_url.info.hash:
+            fragments.append(direct_url.info.hash)
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(direct_url.info, DirInfo)
+        requirement += direct_url.url
+    if direct_url.subdirectory:
+        fragments.append("subdirectory=" + direct_url.subdirectory)
+    if fragments:
+        requirement += "#" + "&".join(fragments)
+    return requirement
+
+
+def direct_url_for_editable(source_dir: str) -> DirectUrl:
+    return DirectUrl(
+        url=path_to_url(source_dir),
+        info=DirInfo(editable=True),
+    )
+
+
+def direct_url_from_link(
+    link: Link, source_dir: Optional[str] = None, link_is_in_wheel_cache: bool = False
+) -> DirectUrl:
+    if link.is_vcs:
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
+        assert vcs_backend
+        url, requested_revision, _ = vcs_backend.get_url_rev_and_auth(
+            link.url_without_fragment
+        )
+        # For VCS links, we need to find out and add commit_id.
+        if link_is_in_wheel_cache:
+            # If the requested VCS link corresponds to a cached
+            # wheel, it means the requested revision was an
+            # immutable commit hash, otherwise it would not have
+            # been cached. In that case we don't have a source_dir
+            # with the VCS checkout.
+            assert requested_revision
+            commit_id = requested_revision
+        else:
+            # If the wheel was not in cache, it means we have
+            # had to checkout from VCS to build and we have a source_dir
+            # which we can inspect to find out the commit id.
+            assert source_dir
+            commit_id = vcs_backend.get_revision(source_dir)
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=url,
+            info=VcsInfo(
+                vcs=vcs_backend.name,
+                commit_id=commit_id,
+                requested_revision=requested_revision,
+            ),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
+    elif link.is_existing_dir():
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=link.url_without_fragment,
+            info=DirInfo(),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
+    else:
+        hash = None
+        hash_name = link.hash_name
+        if hash_name:
+            hash = f"{hash_name}={link.hash}"
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=link.url_without_fragment,
+            info=ArchiveInfo(hash=hash),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a384a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "egg_link_path_from_sys_path",
+    "egg_link_path_from_location",
+]
+
+
+def _egg_link_names(raw_name: str) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Convert a Name metadata value to a .egg-link name, by applying
+    the same substitution as pkg_resources's safe_name function.
+    Note: we cannot use canonicalize_name because it has a different logic.
+
+    We also look for the raw name (without normalization) as setuptools 69 changed
+    the way it names .egg-link files (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4167).
+    """
+    return [
+        re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.]+", "-", raw_name) + ".egg-link",
+        f"{raw_name}.egg-link",
+    ]
+
+
+def egg_link_path_from_sys_path(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Look for a .egg-link file for project name, by walking sys.path.
+    """
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
+    for path_item in sys.path:
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
+                return egg_link
+    return None
+
+
+def egg_link_path_from_location(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return the path for the .egg-link file if it exists, otherwise, None.
+
+    There's 3 scenarios:
+    1) not in a virtualenv
+       try to find in site.USER_SITE, then site_packages
+    2) in a no-global virtualenv
+       try to find in site_packages
+    3) in a yes-global virtualenv
+       try to find in site_packages, then site.USER_SITE
+       (don't look in global location)
+
+    For #1 and #3, there could be odd cases, where there's an egg-link in 2
+    locations.
+
+    This method will just return the first one found.
+    """
+    sites: List[str] = []
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        sites.append(site_packages)
+        if not virtualenv_no_global() and user_site:
+            sites.append(user_site)
+    else:
+        if user_site:
+            sites.append(user_site)
+        sites.append(site_packages)
+
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
+    for site in sites:
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egglink = os.path.join(site, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egglink):
+                return egglink
+    return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008f06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import codecs
+import locale
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+BOMS: List[Tuple[bytes, str]] = [
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF8, "utf-8"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16, "utf-16"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, "utf-16-be"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, "utf-16-le"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32, "utf-32"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, "utf-32-be"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, "utf-32-le"),
+]
+
+ENCODING_RE = re.compile(rb"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")
+
+
+def auto_decode(data: bytes) -> str:
+    """Check a bytes string for a BOM to correctly detect the encoding
+
+    Fallback to locale.getpreferredencoding(False) like open() on Python3"""
+    for bom, encoding in BOMS:
+        if data.startswith(bom):
+            return data[len(bom) :].decode(encoding)
+    # Lets check the first two lines as in PEP263
+    for line in data.split(b"\n")[:2]:
+        if line[0:1] == b"#" and ENCODING_RE.search(line):
+            result = ENCODING_RE.search(line)
+            assert result is not None
+            encoding = result.groups()[0].decode("ascii")
+            return data.decode(encoding)
+    return data.decode(
+        locale.getpreferredencoding(False) or sys.getdefaultencoding(),
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1501369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import itertools
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+
+_EXECUTABLE_NAMES = [
+    "pip",
+    f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
+    f"pip{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+]
+if WINDOWS:
+    _allowed_extensions = {"", ".exe"}
+    _EXECUTABLE_NAMES = [
+        "".join(parts)
+        for parts in itertools.product(_EXECUTABLE_NAMES, _allowed_extensions)
+    ]
+
+
+def _wrapper(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """Central wrapper for all old entrypoints.
+
+    Historically pip has had several entrypoints defined. Because of issues
+    arising from PATH, sys.path, multiple Pythons, their interactions, and most
+    of them having a pip installed, users suffer every time an entrypoint gets
+    moved.
+
+    To alleviate this pain, and provide a mechanism for warning users and
+    directing them to an appropriate place for help, we now define all of
+    our old entrypoints as wrappers for the current one.
+    """
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        "WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will "
+        "fail in a future version of pip.\n"
+        "Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on "
+        "fixing the underlying issue.\n"
+        "To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of "
+        "running pip directly.\n"
+    )
+    return main(args)
+
+
+def get_best_invocation_for_this_pip() -> str:
+    """Try to figure out the best way to invoke pip in the current environment."""
+    binary_directory = "Scripts" if WINDOWS else "bin"
+    binary_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, binary_directory)
+
+    # Try to use pip[X[.Y]] names, if those executables for this environment are
+    # the first on PATH with that name.
+    path_parts = os.path.normcase(os.environ.get("PATH", "")).split(os.pathsep)
+    exe_are_in_PATH = os.path.normcase(binary_prefix) in path_parts
+    if exe_are_in_PATH:
+        for exe_name in _EXECUTABLE_NAMES:
+            found_executable = shutil.which(exe_name)
+            binary_executable = os.path.join(binary_prefix, exe_name)
+            if (
+                found_executable
+                and os.path.exists(binary_executable)
+                and os.path.samefile(
+                    found_executable,
+                    binary_executable,
+                )
+            ):
+                return exe_name
+
+    # Use the `-m` invocation, if there's no "nice" invocation.
+    return f"{get_best_invocation_for_this_python()} -m pip"
+
+
+def get_best_invocation_for_this_python() -> str:
+    """Try to figure out the best way to invoke the current Python."""
+    exe = sys.executable
+    exe_name = os.path.basename(exe)
+
+    # Try to use the basename, if it's the first executable.
+    found_executable = shutil.which(exe_name)
+    if found_executable and os.path.samefile(found_executable, exe):
+        return exe_name
+
+    # Use the full executable name, because we couldn't find something simpler.
+    return exe
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83c2df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import fnmatch
+import os
+import os.path
+import random
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Generator, List, Union, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import retry, stop_after_delay, wait_fixed
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import get_path_uid
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size
+
+
+def check_path_owner(path: str) -> bool:
+    # If we don't have a way to check the effective uid of this process, then
+    # we'll just assume that we own the directory.
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or not hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
+        return True
+
+    assert os.path.isabs(path)
+
+    previous = None
+    while path != previous:
+        if os.path.lexists(path):
+            # Check if path is writable by current user.
+            if os.geteuid() == 0:
+                # Special handling for root user in order to handle properly
+                # cases where users use sudo without -H flag.
+                try:
+                    path_uid = get_path_uid(path)
+                except OSError:
+                    return False
+                return path_uid == 0
+            else:
+                return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+        else:
+            previous, path = path, os.path.dirname(path)
+    return False  # assume we don't own the path
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def adjacent_tmp_file(path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[BinaryIO, None, None]:
+    """Return a file-like object pointing to a tmp file next to path.
+
+    The file is created securely and is ensured to be written to disk
+    after the context reaches its end.
+
+    kwargs will be passed to tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile to control
+    the way the temporary file will be opened.
+    """
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(
+        delete=False,
+        dir=os.path.dirname(path),
+        prefix=os.path.basename(path),
+        suffix=".tmp",
+        **kwargs,
+    ) as f:
+        result = cast(BinaryIO, f)
+        try:
+            yield result
+        finally:
+            result.flush()
+            os.fsync(result.fileno())
+
+
+# Tenacity raises RetryError by default, explicitly raise the original exception
+_replace_retry = retry(reraise=True, stop=stop_after_delay(1), wait=wait_fixed(0.25))
+
+replace = _replace_retry(os.replace)
+
+
+# test_writable_dir and _test_writable_dir_win are copied from Flit,
+# with the author's agreement to also place them under pip's license.
+def test_writable_dir(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a directory is writable.
+
+    Uses os.access() on POSIX, tries creating files on Windows.
+    """
+    # If the directory doesn't exist, find the closest parent that does.
+    while not os.path.isdir(path):
+        parent = os.path.dirname(path)
+        if parent == path:
+            break  # Should never get here, but infinite loops are bad
+        path = parent
+
+    if os.name == "posix":
+        return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+
+    return _test_writable_dir_win(path)
+
+
+def _test_writable_dir_win(path: str) -> bool:
+    # os.access doesn't work on Windows: http://bugs.python.org/issue2528
+    # and we can't use tempfile: http://bugs.python.org/issue22107
+    basename = "accesstest_deleteme_fishfingers_custard_"
+    alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
+    for _ in range(10):
+        name = basename + "".join(random.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(6))
+        file = os.path.join(path, name)
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(file, os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+        except PermissionError:
+            # This could be because there's a directory with the same name.
+            # But it's highly unlikely there's a directory called that,
+            # so we'll assume it's because the parent dir is not writable.
+            # This could as well be because the parent dir is not readable,
+            # due to non-privileged user access.
+            return False
+        else:
+            os.close(fd)
+            os.unlink(file)
+            return True
+
+    # This should never be reached
+    raise OSError("Unexpected condition testing for writable directory")
+
+
+def find_files(path: str, pattern: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Returns a list of absolute paths of files beneath path, recursively,
+    with filenames which match the UNIX-style shell glob pattern."""
+    result: List[str] = []
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(path):
+        matches = fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)
+        result.extend(os.path.join(root, f) for f in matches)
+    return result
+
+
+def file_size(path: str) -> Union[int, float]:
+    # If it's a symlink, return 0.
+    if os.path.islink(path):
+        return 0
+    return os.path.getsize(path)
+
+
+def format_file_size(path: str) -> str:
+    return format_size(file_size(path))
+
+
+def directory_size(path: str) -> Union[int, float]:
+    size = 0.0
+    for root, _dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+        for filename in files:
+            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            size += file_size(file_path)
+    return size
+
+
+def format_directory_size(path: str) -> str:
+    return format_size(directory_size(path))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5948570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Filetype information.
+"""
+
+from typing import Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import splitext
+
+WHEEL_EXTENSION = ".whl"
+BZ2_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".tar.bz2", ".tbz")
+XZ_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (
+    ".tar.xz",
+    ".txz",
+    ".tlz",
+    ".tar.lz",
+    ".tar.lzma",
+)
+ZIP_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".zip", WHEEL_EXTENSION)
+TAR_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".tar.gz", ".tgz", ".tar")
+ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS
+
+
+def is_archive_file(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True if `name` is a considered as an archive file."""
+    ext = splitext(name)[1].lower()
+    if ext in ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return True
+    return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81342af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def glibc_version_string() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."
+    return glibc_version_string_confstr() or glibc_version_string_ctypes()
+
+
+def glibc_version_string_confstr() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr."
+    # os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
+    # to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
+    # platform module:
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c9d0921ff3d70e1127ca1b71/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return None
+    try:
+        gnu_libc_version = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        if gnu_libc_version is None:
+            return None
+        # os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION") returns a string like "glibc 2.17":
+        _, version = gnu_libc_version.split()
+    except (AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
+        # os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
+        return None
+    return version
+
+
+def glibc_version_string_ctypes() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes."
+
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    # ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
+    # manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
+    # main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
+    # which libc our process is actually using.
+    process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+    try:
+        gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
+        # glibc.
+        return None
+
+    # Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
+    gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+    version_str = gnu_get_libc_version()
+    # py2 / py3 compatibility:
+    if not isinstance(version_str, str):
+        version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
+
+    return version_str
+
+
+# platform.libc_ver regularly returns completely nonsensical glibc
+# versions. E.g. on my computer, platform says:
+#
+#   ~$ python2.7 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
+#   ('glibc', '2.7')
+#   ~$ python3.5 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
+#   ('glibc', '2.9')
+#
+# But the truth is:
+#
+#   ~$ ldd --version
+#   ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.22-11) 2.22
+#
+# This is unfortunate, because it means that the linehaul data on libc
+# versions that was generated by pip 8.1.2 and earlier is useless and
+# misleading. Solution: instead of using platform, use our code that actually
+# works.
+def libc_ver() -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Try to determine the glibc version
+
+    Returns a tuple of strings (lib, version) which default to empty strings
+    in case the lookup fails.
+    """
+    glibc_version = glibc_version_string()
+    if glibc_version is None:
+        return ("", "")
+    else:
+        return ("glibc", glibc_version)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..843cffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import hashlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import HashMismatch, HashMissing, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+    # NoReturn introduced in 3.6.2; imported only for type checking to maintain
+    # pip compatibility with older patch versions of Python 3.6
+    from typing import NoReturn
+
+
+# The recommended hash algo of the moment. Change this whenever the state of
+# the art changes; it won't hurt backward compatibility.
+FAVORITE_HASH = "sha256"
+
+
+# Names of hashlib algorithms allowed by the --hash option and ``pip hash``
+# Currently, those are the ones at least as collision-resistant as sha256.
+STRONG_HASHES = ["sha256", "sha384", "sha512"]
+
+
+class Hashes:
+    """A wrapper that builds multiple hashes at once and checks them against
+    known-good values
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hashes: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        :param hashes: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
+            hex digests
+        """
+        allowed = {}
+        if hashes is not None:
+            for alg, keys in hashes.items():
+                # Make sure values are always sorted (to ease equality checks)
+                allowed[alg] = sorted(keys)
+        self._allowed = allowed
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "Hashes") -> "Hashes":
+        if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        # If either of the Hashes object is entirely empty (i.e. no hash
+        # specified at all), all hashes from the other object are allowed.
+        if not other:
+            return self
+        if not self:
+            return other
+
+        # Otherwise only hashes that present in both objects are allowed.
+        new = {}
+        for alg, values in other._allowed.items():
+            if alg not in self._allowed:
+                continue
+            new[alg] = [v for v in values if v in self._allowed[alg]]
+        return Hashes(new)
+
+    @property
+    def digest_count(self) -> int:
+        return sum(len(digests) for digests in self._allowed.values())
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hash_name: str, hex_digest: str) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the given hex digest is allowed."""
+        return hex_digest in self._allowed.get(hash_name, [])
+
+    def check_against_chunks(self, chunks: Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        """Check good hashes against ones built from iterable of chunks of
+        data.
+
+        Raise HashMismatch if none match.
+
+        """
+        gots = {}
+        for hash_name in self._allowed.keys():
+            try:
+                gots[hash_name] = hashlib.new(hash_name)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                raise InstallationError(f"Unknown hash name: {hash_name}")
+
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            for hash in gots.values():
+                hash.update(chunk)
+
+        for hash_name, got in gots.items():
+            if got.hexdigest() in self._allowed[hash_name]:
+                return
+        self._raise(gots)
+
+    def _raise(self, gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise HashMismatch(self._allowed, gots)
+
+    def check_against_file(self, file: BinaryIO) -> None:
+        """Check good hashes against a file-like object
+
+        Raise HashMismatch if none match.
+
+        """
+        return self.check_against_chunks(read_chunks(file))
+
+    def check_against_path(self, path: str) -> None:
+        with open(path, "rb") as file:
+            return self.check_against_file(file)
+
+    def has_one_of(self, hashes: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+        """Return whether any of the given hashes are allowed."""
+        for hash_name, hex_digest in hashes.items():
+            if self.is_hash_allowed(hash_name, hex_digest):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether I know any known-good hashes."""
+        return bool(self._allowed)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._allowed == other._allowed
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            ",".join(
+                sorted(
+                    ":".join((alg, digest))
+                    for alg, digest_list in self._allowed.items()
+                    for digest in digest_list
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class MissingHashes(Hashes):
+    """A workalike for Hashes used when we're missing a hash for a requirement
+
+    It computes the actual hash of the requirement and raises a HashMissing
+    exception showing it to the user.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Don't offer the ``hashes`` kwarg."""
+        # Pass our favorite hash in to generate a "gotten hash". With the
+        # empty list, it will never match, so an error will always raise.
+        super().__init__(hashes={FAVORITE_HASH: []})
+
+    def _raise(self, gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise HashMissing(gots[FAVORITE_HASH].hexdigest())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95982df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import logging
+import logging.handlers
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+from logging import Filter
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generator, List, Optional, TextIO, Type
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import (
+    Console,
+    ConsoleOptions,
+    ConsoleRenderable,
+    RenderableType,
+    RenderResult,
+    RichCast,
+)
+from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import NullHighlighter
+from pip._vendor.rich.logging import RichHandler
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+from pip._internal.utils._log import VERBOSE, getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+_log_state = threading.local()
+subprocess_logger = getLogger("pip.subprocessor")
+
+
+class BrokenStdoutLoggingError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised if BrokenPipeError occurs for the stdout stream while logging.
+    """
+
+
+def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class: Type[BaseException], exc: BaseException) -> bool:
+    if exc_class is BrokenPipeError:
+        return True
+
+    # On Windows, a broken pipe can show up as EINVAL rather than EPIPE:
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue19612
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue30418
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return False
+
+    return isinstance(exc, OSError) and exc.errno in (errno.EINVAL, errno.EPIPE)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def indent_log(num: int = 2) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """
+    A context manager which will cause the log output to be indented for any
+    log messages emitted inside it.
+    """
+    # For thread-safety
+    _log_state.indentation = get_indentation()
+    _log_state.indentation += num
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _log_state.indentation -= num
+
+
+def get_indentation() -> int:
+    return getattr(_log_state, "indentation", 0)
+
+
+class IndentingFormatter(logging.Formatter):
+    default_time_format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        add_timestamp: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A logging.Formatter that obeys the indent_log() context manager.
+
+        :param add_timestamp: A bool indicating output lines should be prefixed
+            with their record's timestamp.
+        """
+        self.add_timestamp = add_timestamp
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_message_start(self, formatted: str, levelno: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the start of the formatted log message (not counting the
+        prefix to add to each line).
+        """
+        if levelno < logging.WARNING:
+            return ""
+        if formatted.startswith(DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX):
+            # Then the message already has a prefix.  We don't want it to
+            # look like "WARNING: DEPRECATION: ...."
+            return ""
+        if levelno < logging.ERROR:
+            return "WARNING: "
+
+        return "ERROR: "
+
+    def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        """
+        Calls the standard formatter, but will indent all of the log message
+        lines by our current indentation level.
+        """
+        formatted = super().format(record)
+        message_start = self.get_message_start(formatted, record.levelno)
+        formatted = message_start + formatted
+
+        prefix = ""
+        if self.add_timestamp:
+            prefix = f"{self.formatTime(record)} "
+        prefix += " " * get_indentation()
+        formatted = "".join([prefix + line for line in formatted.splitlines(True)])
+        return formatted
+
+
+@dataclass
+class IndentedRenderable:
+    renderable: RenderableType
+    indent: int
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        segments = console.render(self.renderable, options)
+        lines = Segment.split_lines(segments)
+        for line in lines:
+            yield Segment(" " * self.indent)
+            yield from line
+            yield Segment("\n")
+
+
+class RichPipStreamHandler(RichHandler):
+    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = []
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: Optional[TextIO], no_color: bool) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            console=Console(file=stream, no_color=no_color, soft_wrap=True),
+            show_time=False,
+            show_level=False,
+            show_path=False,
+            highlighter=NullHighlighter(),
+        )
+
+    # Our custom override on Rich's logger, to make things work as we need them to.
+    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        style: Optional[Style] = None
+
+        # If we are given a diagnostic error to present, present it with indentation.
+        assert isinstance(record.args, tuple)
+        if getattr(record, "rich", False):
+            (rich_renderable,) = record.args
+            assert isinstance(
+                rich_renderable, (ConsoleRenderable, RichCast, str)
+            ), f"{rich_renderable} is not rich-console-renderable"
+
+            renderable: RenderableType = IndentedRenderable(
+                rich_renderable, indent=get_indentation()
+            )
+        else:
+            message = self.format(record)
+            renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
+            if record.levelno is not None:
+                if record.levelno >= logging.ERROR:
+                    style = Style(color="red")
+                elif record.levelno >= logging.WARNING:
+                    style = Style(color="yellow")
+
+        try:
+            self.console.print(renderable, overflow="ignore", crop=False, style=style)
+        except Exception:
+            self.handleError(record)
+
+    def handleError(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        """Called when logging is unable to log some output."""
+
+        exc_class, exc = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+        # If a broken pipe occurred while calling write() or flush() on the
+        # stdout stream in logging's Handler.emit(), then raise our special
+        # exception so we can handle it in main() instead of logging the
+        # broken pipe error and continuing.
+        if (
+            exc_class
+            and exc
+            and self.console.file is sys.stdout
+            and _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc)
+        ):
+            raise BrokenStdoutLoggingError()
+
+        return super().handleError(record)
+
+
+class BetterRotatingFileHandler(logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler):
+    def _open(self) -> TextIOWrapper:
+        ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self.baseFilename))
+        return super()._open()
+
+
+class MaxLevelFilter(Filter):
+    def __init__(self, level: int) -> None:
+        self.level = level
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        return record.levelno < self.level
+
+
+class ExcludeLoggerFilter(Filter):
+
+    """
+    A logging Filter that excludes records from a logger (or its children).
+    """
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        # The base Filter class allows only records from a logger (or its
+        # children).
+        return not super().filter(record)
+
+
+def setup_logging(verbosity: int, no_color: bool, user_log_file: Optional[str]) -> int:
+    """Configures and sets up all of the logging
+
+    Returns the requested logging level, as its integer value.
+    """
+
+    # Determine the level to be logging at.
+    if verbosity >= 2:
+        level_number = logging.DEBUG
+    elif verbosity == 1:
+        level_number = VERBOSE
+    elif verbosity == -1:
+        level_number = logging.WARNING
+    elif verbosity == -2:
+        level_number = logging.ERROR
+    elif verbosity <= -3:
+        level_number = logging.CRITICAL
+    else:
+        level_number = logging.INFO
+
+    level = logging.getLevelName(level_number)
+
+    # The "root" logger should match the "console" level *unless* we also need
+    # to log to a user log file.
+    include_user_log = user_log_file is not None
+    if include_user_log:
+        additional_log_file = user_log_file
+        root_level = "DEBUG"
+    else:
+        additional_log_file = "/dev/null"
+        root_level = level
+
+    # Disable any logging besides WARNING unless we have DEBUG level logging
+    # enabled for vendored libraries.
+    vendored_log_level = "WARNING" if level in ["INFO", "ERROR"] else "DEBUG"
+
+    # Shorthands for clarity
+    log_streams = {
+        "stdout": "ext://sys.stdout",
+        "stderr": "ext://sys.stderr",
+    }
+    handler_classes = {
+        "stream": "pip._internal.utils.logging.RichPipStreamHandler",
+        "file": "pip._internal.utils.logging.BetterRotatingFileHandler",
+    }
+    handlers = ["console", "console_errors", "console_subprocess"] + (
+        ["user_log"] if include_user_log else []
+    )
+
+    logging.config.dictConfig(
+        {
+            "version": 1,
+            "disable_existing_loggers": False,
+            "filters": {
+                "exclude_warnings": {
+                    "()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.MaxLevelFilter",
+                    "level": logging.WARNING,
+                },
+                "restrict_to_subprocess": {
+                    "()": "logging.Filter",
+                    "name": subprocess_logger.name,
+                },
+                "exclude_subprocess": {
+                    "()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.ExcludeLoggerFilter",
+                    "name": subprocess_logger.name,
+                },
+            },
+            "formatters": {
+                "indent": {
+                    "()": IndentingFormatter,
+                    "format": "%(message)s",
+                },
+                "indent_with_timestamp": {
+                    "()": IndentingFormatter,
+                    "format": "%(message)s",
+                    "add_timestamp": True,
+                },
+            },
+            "handlers": {
+                "console": {
+                    "level": level,
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "stream": log_streams["stdout"],
+                    "filters": ["exclude_subprocess", "exclude_warnings"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                "console_errors": {
+                    "level": "WARNING",
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "stream": log_streams["stderr"],
+                    "filters": ["exclude_subprocess"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                # A handler responsible for logging to the console messages
+                # from the "subprocessor" logger.
+                "console_subprocess": {
+                    "level": level,
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "stream": log_streams["stderr"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "filters": ["restrict_to_subprocess"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                "user_log": {
+                    "level": "DEBUG",
+                    "class": handler_classes["file"],
+                    "filename": additional_log_file,
+                    "encoding": "utf-8",
+                    "delay": True,
+                    "formatter": "indent_with_timestamp",
+                },
+            },
+            "root": {
+                "level": root_level,
+                "handlers": handlers,
+            },
+            "loggers": {"pip._vendor": {"level": vendored_log_level}},
+        }
+    )
+
+    return level_number
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ad3f61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import getpass
+import hashlib
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import shutil
+import stat
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import urllib.parse
+from functools import partial
+from io import StringIO
+from itertools import filterfalse, tee, zip_longest
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    ContextManager,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import retry, stop_after_delay, wait_fixed
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, ExternallyManagedEnvironment
+from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+__all__ = [
+    "rmtree",
+    "display_path",
+    "backup_dir",
+    "ask",
+    "splitext",
+    "format_size",
+    "is_installable_dir",
+    "normalize_path",
+    "renames",
+    "get_prog",
+    "captured_stdout",
+    "ensure_dir",
+    "remove_auth_from_url",
+    "check_externally_managed",
+    "ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+ExcInfo = Tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+VersionInfo = Tuple[int, int, int]
+NetlocTuple = Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]
+OnExc = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, BaseException], Any]
+OnErr = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, ExcInfo], Any]
+
+
+def get_pip_version() -> str:
+    pip_pkg_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "..")
+    pip_pkg_dir = os.path.abspath(pip_pkg_dir)
+
+    return f"pip {__version__} from {pip_pkg_dir} (python {get_major_minor_version()})"
+
+
+def normalize_version_info(py_version_info: Tuple[int, ...]) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a tuple of ints representing a Python version to one of length
+    three.
+
+    :param py_version_info: a tuple of ints representing a Python version,
+        or None to specify no version. The tuple can have any length.
+
+    :return: a tuple of length three if `py_version_info` is non-None.
+        Otherwise, return `py_version_info` unchanged (i.e. None).
+    """
+    if len(py_version_info) < 3:
+        py_version_info += (3 - len(py_version_info)) * (0,)
+    elif len(py_version_info) > 3:
+        py_version_info = py_version_info[:3]
+
+    return cast("VersionInfo", py_version_info)
+
+
+def ensure_dir(path: str) -> None:
+    """os.path.makedirs without EEXIST."""
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(path)
+    except OSError as e:
+        # Windows can raise spurious ENOTEMPTY errors. See #6426.
+        if e.errno != errno.EEXIST and e.errno != errno.ENOTEMPTY:
+            raise
+
+
+def get_prog() -> str:
+    try:
+        prog = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
+        if prog in ("__main__.py", "-c"):
+            return f"{sys.executable} -m pip"
+        else:
+            return prog
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
+        pass
+    return "pip"
+
+
+# Retry every half second for up to 3 seconds
+# Tenacity raises RetryError by default, explicitly raise the original exception
+@retry(reraise=True, stop=stop_after_delay(3), wait=wait_fixed(0.5))
+def rmtree(
+    dir: str,
+    ignore_errors: bool = False,
+    onexc: Optional[OnExc] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if ignore_errors:
+        onexc = _onerror_ignore
+    if onexc is None:
+        onexc = _onerror_reraise
+    handler: OnErr = partial(
+        # `[func, path, Union[ExcInfo, BaseException]] -> Any` is equivalent to
+        # `Union[([func, path, ExcInfo] -> Any), ([func, path, BaseException] -> Any)]`.
+        cast(Union[OnExc, OnErr], rmtree_errorhandler),
+        onexc=onexc,
+    )
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3.12/whatsnew/3.12.html#shutil.
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onexc=handler)  # type: ignore
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onerror=handler)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def _onerror_ignore(*_args: Any) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def _onerror_reraise(*_args: Any) -> None:
+    raise
+
+
+def rmtree_errorhandler(
+    func: FunctionType,
+    path: Path,
+    exc_info: Union[ExcInfo, BaseException],
+    *,
+    onexc: OnExc = _onerror_reraise,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    `rmtree` error handler to 'force' a file remove (i.e. like `rm -f`).
+
+    * If a file is readonly then it's write flag is set and operation is
+      retried.
+
+    * `onerror` is the original callback from `rmtree(... onerror=onerror)`
+      that is chained at the end if the "rm -f" still fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        st_mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        # it's equivalent to os.path.exists
+        return
+
+    if not st_mode & stat.S_IWRITE:
+        # convert to read/write
+        try:
+            os.chmod(path, st_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # use the original function to repeat the operation
+            try:
+                func(path)
+                return
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    if not isinstance(exc_info, BaseException):
+        _, exc_info, _ = exc_info
+    onexc(func, path, exc_info)
+
+
+def display_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """Gives the display value for a given path, making it relative to cwd
+    if possible."""
+    path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(path))
+    if path.startswith(os.getcwd() + os.path.sep):
+        path = "." + path[len(os.getcwd()) :]
+    return path
+
+
+def backup_dir(dir: str, ext: str = ".bak") -> str:
+    """Figure out the name of a directory to back up the given dir to
+    (adding .bak, .bak2, etc)"""
+    n = 1
+    extension = ext
+    while os.path.exists(dir + extension):
+        n += 1
+        extension = ext + str(n)
+    return dir + extension
+
+
+def ask_path_exists(message: str, options: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    for action in os.environ.get("PIP_EXISTS_ACTION", "").split():
+        if action in options:
+            return action
+    return ask(message, options)
+
+
+def _check_no_input(message: str) -> None:
+    """Raise an error if no input is allowed."""
+    if os.environ.get("PIP_NO_INPUT"):
+        raise Exception(
+            f"No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: {message}"
+        )
+
+
+def ask(message: str, options: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    """Ask the message interactively, with the given possible responses"""
+    while 1:
+        _check_no_input(message)
+        response = input(message)
+        response = response.strip().lower()
+        if response not in options:
+            print(
+                "Your response ({!r}) was not one of the expected responses: "
+                "{}".format(response, ", ".join(options))
+            )
+        else:
+            return response
+
+
+def ask_input(message: str) -> str:
+    """Ask for input interactively."""
+    _check_no_input(message)
+    return input(message)
+
+
+def ask_password(message: str) -> str:
+    """Ask for a password interactively."""
+    _check_no_input(message)
+    return getpass.getpass(message)
+
+
+def strtobool(val: str) -> int:
+    """Convert a string representation of truth to true (1) or false (0).
+
+    True values are 'y', 'yes', 't', 'true', 'on', and '1'; false values
+    are 'n', 'no', 'f', 'false', 'off', and '0'.  Raises ValueError if
+    'val' is anything else.
+    """
+    val = val.lower()
+    if val in ("y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"):
+        return 1
+    elif val in ("n", "no", "f", "false", "off", "0"):
+        return 0
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid truth value {val!r}")
+
+
+def format_size(bytes: float) -> str:
+    if bytes > 1000 * 1000:
+        return f"{bytes / 1000.0 / 1000:.1f} MB"
+    elif bytes > 10 * 1000:
+        return f"{int(bytes / 1000)} kB"
+    elif bytes > 1000:
+        return f"{bytes / 1000.0:.1f} kB"
+    else:
+        return f"{int(bytes)} bytes"
+
+
+def tabulate(rows: Iterable[Iterable[Any]]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[int]]:
+    """Return a list of formatted rows and a list of column sizes.
+
+    For example::
+
+    >>> tabulate([['foobar', 2000], [0xdeadbeef]])
+    (['foobar     2000', '3735928559'], [10, 4])
+    """
+    rows = [tuple(map(str, row)) for row in rows]
+    sizes = [max(map(len, col)) for col in zip_longest(*rows, fillvalue="")]
+    table = [" ".join(map(str.ljust, row, sizes)).rstrip() for row in rows]
+    return table, sizes
+
+
+def is_installable_dir(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Is path is a directory containing pyproject.toml or setup.py?
+
+    If pyproject.toml exists, this is a PEP 517 project. Otherwise we look for
+    a legacy setuptools layout by identifying setup.py. We don't check for the
+    setup.cfg because using it without setup.py is only available for PEP 517
+    projects, which are already covered by the pyproject.toml check.
+    """
+    if not os.path.isdir(path):
+        return False
+    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, "pyproject.toml")):
+        return True
+    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, "setup.py")):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def read_chunks(
+    file: BinaryIO, size: int = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    """Yield pieces of data from a file-like object until EOF."""
+    while True:
+        chunk = file.read(size)
+        if not chunk:
+            break
+        yield chunk
+
+
+def normalize_path(path: str, resolve_symlinks: bool = True) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a path to its canonical, case-normalized, absolute version.
+
+    """
+    path = os.path.expanduser(path)
+    if resolve_symlinks:
+        path = os.path.realpath(path)
+    else:
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+    return os.path.normcase(path)
+
+
+def splitext(path: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Like os.path.splitext, but take off .tar too"""
+    base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
+    if base.lower().endswith(".tar"):
+        ext = base[-4:] + ext
+        base = base[:-4]
+    return base, ext
+
+
+def renames(old: str, new: str) -> None:
+    """Like os.renames(), but handles renaming across devices."""
+    # Implementation borrowed from os.renames().
+    head, tail = os.path.split(new)
+    if head and tail and not os.path.exists(head):
+        os.makedirs(head)
+
+    shutil.move(old, new)
+
+    head, tail = os.path.split(old)
+    if head and tail:
+        try:
+            os.removedirs(head)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+
+def is_local(path: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if path is within sys.prefix, if we're running in a virtualenv.
+
+    If we're not in a virtualenv, all paths are considered "local."
+
+    Caution: this function assumes the head of path has been normalized
+    with normalize_path.
+    """
+    if not running_under_virtualenv():
+        return True
+    return path.startswith(normalize_path(sys.prefix))
+
+
+def write_output(msg: Any, *args: Any) -> None:
+    logger.info(msg, *args)
+
+
+class StreamWrapper(StringIO):
+    orig_stream: TextIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_stream(cls, orig_stream: TextIO) -> "StreamWrapper":
+        ret = cls()
+        ret.orig_stream = orig_stream
+        return ret
+
+    # compileall.compile_dir() needs stdout.encoding to print to stdout
+    # type ignore is because TextIOBase.encoding is writeable
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        return self.orig_stream.encoding
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def captured_output(stream_name: str) -> Generator[StreamWrapper, None, None]:
+    """Return a context manager used by captured_stdout/stdin/stderr
+    that temporarily replaces the sys stream *stream_name* with a StringIO.
+
+    Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
+    """
+    orig_stdout = getattr(sys, stream_name)
+    setattr(sys, stream_name, StreamWrapper.from_stream(orig_stdout))
+    try:
+        yield getattr(sys, stream_name)
+    finally:
+        setattr(sys, stream_name, orig_stdout)
+
+
+def captured_stdout() -> ContextManager[StreamWrapper]:
+    """Capture the output of sys.stdout:
+
+       with captured_stdout() as stdout:
+           print('hello')
+       self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'hello\n')
+
+    Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
+    """
+    return captured_output("stdout")
+
+
+def captured_stderr() -> ContextManager[StreamWrapper]:
+    """
+    See captured_stdout().
+    """
+    return captured_output("stderr")
+
+
+# Simulates an enum
+def enum(*sequential: Any, **named: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+    enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
+    reverse = {value: key for key, value in enums.items()}
+    enums["reverse_mapping"] = reverse
+    return type("Enum", (), enums)
+
+
+def build_netloc(host: str, port: Optional[int]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a netloc from a host-port pair
+    """
+    if port is None:
+        return host
+    if ":" in host:
+        # Only wrap host with square brackets when it is IPv6
+        host = f"[{host}]"
+    return f"{host}:{port}"
+
+
+def build_url_from_netloc(netloc: str, scheme: str = "https") -> str:
+    """
+    Build a full URL from a netloc.
+    """
+    if netloc.count(":") >= 2 and "@" not in netloc and "[" not in netloc:
+        # It must be a bare IPv6 address, so wrap it with brackets.
+        netloc = f"[{netloc}]"
+    return f"{scheme}://{netloc}"
+
+
+def parse_netloc(netloc: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
+    """
+    Return the host-port pair from a netloc.
+    """
+    url = build_url_from_netloc(netloc)
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    return parsed.hostname, parsed.port
+
+
+def split_auth_from_netloc(netloc: str) -> NetlocTuple:
+    """
+    Parse out and remove the auth information from a netloc.
+
+    Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
+    """
+    if "@" not in netloc:
+        return netloc, (None, None)
+
+    # Split from the right because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
+    # behaves if more than one @ is present (which can be checked using
+    # the password attribute of urlsplit()'s return value).
+    auth, netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)
+    pw: Optional[str] = None
+    if ":" in auth:
+        # Split from the left because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
+        # behaves if more than one : is present (which again can be checked
+        # using the password attribute of the return value)
+        user, pw = auth.split(":", 1)
+    else:
+        user, pw = auth, None
+
+    user = urllib.parse.unquote(user)
+    if pw is not None:
+        pw = urllib.parse.unquote(pw)
+
+    return netloc, (user, pw)
+
+
+def redact_netloc(netloc: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Replace the sensitive data in a netloc with "****", if it exists.
+
+    For example:
+        - "user:pass@example.com" returns "user:****@example.com"
+        - "accesstoken@example.com" returns "****@example.com"
+    """
+    netloc, (user, password) = split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+    if user is None:
+        return netloc
+    if password is None:
+        user = "****"
+        password = ""
+    else:
+        user = urllib.parse.quote(user)
+        password = ":****"
+    return f"{user}{password}@{netloc}"
+
+
+def _transform_url(
+    url: str, transform_netloc: Callable[[str], Tuple[Any, ...]]
+) -> Tuple[str, NetlocTuple]:
+    """Transform and replace netloc in a url.
+
+    transform_netloc is a function taking the netloc and returning a
+    tuple. The first element of this tuple is the new netloc. The
+    entire tuple is returned.
+
+    Returns a tuple containing the transformed url as item 0 and the
+    original tuple returned by transform_netloc as item 1.
+    """
+    purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+    netloc_tuple = transform_netloc(purl.netloc)
+    # stripped url
+    url_pieces = (purl.scheme, netloc_tuple[0], purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
+    surl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(url_pieces)
+    return surl, cast("NetlocTuple", netloc_tuple)
+
+
+def _get_netloc(netloc: str) -> NetlocTuple:
+    return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+
+
+def _redact_netloc(netloc: str) -> Tuple[str]:
+    return (redact_netloc(netloc),)
+
+
+def split_auth_netloc_from_url(
+    url: str,
+) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+    """
+    Parse a url into separate netloc, auth, and url with no auth.
+
+    Returns: (url_without_auth, netloc, (username, password))
+    """
+    url_without_auth, (netloc, auth) = _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)
+    return url_without_auth, netloc, auth
+
+
+def remove_auth_from_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """Return a copy of url with 'username:password@' removed."""
+    # username/pass params are passed to subversion through flags
+    # and are not recognized in the url.
+    return _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)[0]
+
+
+def redact_auth_from_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """Replace the password in a given url with ****."""
+    return _transform_url(url, _redact_netloc)[0]
+
+
+def redact_auth_from_requirement(req: Requirement) -> str:
+    """Replace the password in a given requirement url with ****."""
+    if not req.url:
+        return str(req)
+    return str(req).replace(req.url, redact_auth_from_url(req.url))
+
+
+class HiddenText:
+    def __init__(self, secret: str, redacted: str) -> None:
+        self.secret = secret
+        self.redacted = redacted
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<HiddenText {str(self)!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.redacted
+
+    # This is useful for testing.
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            return False
+
+        # The string being used for redaction doesn't also have to match,
+        # just the raw, original string.
+        return self.secret == other.secret
+
+
+def hide_value(value: str) -> HiddenText:
+    return HiddenText(value, redacted="****")
+
+
+def hide_url(url: str) -> HiddenText:
+    redacted = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+    return HiddenText(url, redacted=redacted)
+
+
+def protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip: bool) -> None:
+    """Protection of pip.exe from modification on Windows
+
+    On Windows, any operation modifying pip should be run as:
+        python -m pip ...
+    """
+    pip_names = [
+        "pip",
+        f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
+        f"pip{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+    ]
+
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1299 for more discussion
+    should_show_use_python_msg = (
+        modifying_pip and WINDOWS and os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) in pip_names
+    )
+
+    if should_show_use_python_msg:
+        new_command = [sys.executable, "-m", "pip"] + sys.argv[1:]
+        raise CommandError(
+            "To modify pip, please run the following command:\n{}".format(
+                " ".join(new_command)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def check_externally_managed() -> None:
+    """Check whether the current environment is externally managed.
+
+    If the ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED`` config file is found, the current environment
+    is considered externally managed, and an ExternallyManagedEnvironment is
+    raised.
+    """
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        return
+    marker = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_path("stdlib"), "EXTERNALLY-MANAGED")
+    if not os.path.isfile(marker):
+        return
+    raise ExternallyManagedEnvironment.from_config(marker)
+
+
+def is_console_interactive() -> bool:
+    """Is this console interactive?"""
+    return sys.stdin is not None and sys.stdin.isatty()
+
+
+def hash_file(path: str, blocksize: int = 1 << 20) -> Tuple[Any, int]:
+    """Return (hash, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()"""
+
+    h = hashlib.sha256()
+    length = 0
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        for block in read_chunks(f, size=blocksize):
+            length += len(block)
+            h.update(block)
+    return h, length
+
+
+def pairwise(iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Any, Any]]:
+    """
+    Return paired elements.
+
+    For example:
+        s -> (s0, s1), (s2, s3), (s4, s5), ...
+    """
+    iterable = iter(iterable)
+    return zip_longest(iterable, iterable)
+
+
+def partition(
+    pred: Callable[[T], bool],
+    iterable: Iterable[T],
+) -> Tuple[Iterable[T], Iterable[T]]:
+    """
+    Use a predicate to partition entries into false entries and true entries,
+    like
+
+        partition(is_odd, range(10)) --> 0 2 4 6 8   and  1 3 5 7 9
+    """
+    t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
+    return filterfalse(pred, t1), filter(pred, t2)
+
+
+class ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller(BuildBackendHookCaller):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config_holder: Any,
+        source_dir: str,
+        build_backend: str,
+        backend_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        runner: Optional[Callable[..., None]] = None,
+        python_executable: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            source_dir, build_backend, backend_path, runner, python_executable
+        )
+        self.config_holder = config_holder
+
+    def build_wheel(
+        self,
+        wheel_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_wheel(
+            wheel_directory, config_settings=cs, metadata_directory=metadata_directory
+        )
+
+    def build_sdist(
+        self,
+        sdist_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings=cs)
+
+    def build_editable(
+        self,
+        wheel_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_editable(
+            wheel_directory, config_settings=cs, metadata_directory=metadata_directory
+        )
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_wheel(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_sdist(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_editable(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_editable(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+        self,
+        metadata_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        _allow_fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+            metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            config_settings=cs,
+            _allow_fallback=_allow_fallback,
+        )
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+        self,
+        metadata_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        _allow_fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+            metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            config_settings=cs,
+            _allow_fallback=_allow_fallback,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6bb21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Utilities for defining models
+"""
+
+import operator
+from typing import Any, Callable, Type
+
+
+class KeyBasedCompareMixin:
+    """Provides comparison capabilities that is based on a key"""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_compare_key", "_defining_class"]
+
+    def __init__(self, key: Any, defining_class: Type["KeyBasedCompareMixin"]) -> None:
+        self._compare_key = key
+        self._defining_class = defining_class
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._compare_key)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__lt__)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__le__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__gt__)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__ge__)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__eq__)
+
+    def _compare(self, other: Any, method: Callable[[Any, Any], bool]) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self._defining_class):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return method(self._compare_key, other._compare_key)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f6af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import NewType, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers, version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+
+NormalizedExtra = NewType("NormalizedExtra", str)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def check_requires_python(
+    requires_python: Optional[str], version_info: Tuple[int, ...]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if the given Python version matches a "Requires-Python" specifier.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing a Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
+
+    :return: `True` if the given Python version satisfies the requirement.
+        Otherwise, return `False`.
+
+    :raises InvalidSpecifier: If `requires_python` has an invalid format.
+    """
+    if requires_python is None:
+        # The package provides no information
+        return True
+    requires_python_specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet(requires_python)
+
+    python_version = version.parse(".".join(map(str, version_info)))
+    return python_version in requires_python_specifier
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=512)
+def get_requirement(req_string: str) -> Requirement:
+    """Construct a packaging.Requirement object with caching"""
+    # Parsing requirement strings is expensive, and is also expected to happen
+    # with a low diversity of different arguments (at least relative the number
+    # constructed). This method adds a cache to requirement object creation to
+    # minimize repeated parsing of the same string to construct equivalent
+    # Requirement objects.
+    return Requirement(req_string)
+
+
+def safe_extra(extra: str) -> NormalizedExtra:
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard 'extra' name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a single '_',
+    and the result is always lowercased.
+
+    This function is duplicated from ``pkg_resources``. Note that this is not
+    the same to either ``canonicalize_name`` or ``_egg_link_name``.
+    """
+    return cast(NormalizedExtra, re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+", "_", extra).lower())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d1b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from typing import List, Optional, Sequence
+
+# Shim to wrap setup.py invocation with setuptools
+# Note that __file__ is handled via two {!r} *and* %r, to ensure that paths on
+# Windows are correctly handled (it should be "C:\\Users" not "C:\Users").
+_SETUPTOOLS_SHIM = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    exec(compile('''
+    # This is <pip-setuptools-caller> -- a caller that pip uses to run setup.py
+    #
+    # - It imports setuptools before invoking setup.py, to enable projects that directly
+    #   import from `distutils.core` to work with newer packaging standards.
+    # - It provides a clear error message when setuptools is not installed.
+    # - It sets `sys.argv[0]` to the underlying `setup.py`, when invoking `setup.py` so
+    #   setuptools doesn't think the script is `-c`. This avoids the following warning:
+    #     manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found".
+    # - It generates a shim setup.py, for handling setup.cfg-only projects.
+    import os, sys, tokenize
+
+    try:
+        import setuptools
+    except ImportError as error:
+        print(
+            "ERROR: Can not execute `setup.py` since setuptools is not available in "
+            "the build environment.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    __file__ = %r
+    sys.argv[0] = __file__
+
+    if os.path.exists(__file__):
+        filename = __file__
+        with tokenize.open(__file__) as f:
+            setup_py_code = f.read()
+    else:
+        filename = "<auto-generated setuptools caller>"
+        setup_py_code = "from setuptools import setup; setup()"
+
+    exec(compile(setup_py_code, filename, "exec"))
+    ''' % ({!r},), "<pip-setuptools-caller>", "exec"))
+    """
+).rstrip()
+
+
+def make_setuptools_shim_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+    no_user_config: bool = False,
+    unbuffered_output: bool = False,
+) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Get setuptools command arguments with shim wrapped setup file invocation.
+
+    :param setup_py_path: The path to setup.py to be wrapped.
+    :param global_options: Additional global options.
+    :param no_user_config: If True, disables personal user configuration.
+    :param unbuffered_output: If True, adds the unbuffered switch to the
+     argument list.
+    """
+    args = [sys.executable]
+    if unbuffered_output:
+        args += ["-u"]
+    args += ["-c", _SETUPTOOLS_SHIM.format(setup_py_path)]
+    if global_options:
+        args += global_options
+    if no_user_config:
+        args += ["--no-user-cfg"]
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    build_options: Sequence[str],
+    destination_dir: str,
+) -> List[str]:
+    # NOTE: Eventually, we'd want to also -S to the flags here, when we're
+    # isolating. Currently, it breaks Python in virtualenvs, because it
+    # relies on site.py to find parts of the standard library outside the
+    # virtualenv.
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path, global_options=global_options, unbuffered_output=True
+    )
+    args += ["bdist_wheel", "-d", destination_dir]
+    args += build_options
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_clean_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+) -> List[str]:
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path, global_options=global_options, unbuffered_output=True
+    )
+    args += ["clean", "--all"]
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_develop_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    *,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    no_user_config: bool,
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    use_user_site: bool,
+) -> List[str]:
+    assert not (use_user_site and prefix)
+
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        no_user_config=no_user_config,
+    )
+
+    args += ["develop", "--no-deps"]
+
+    if prefix:
+        args += ["--prefix", prefix]
+    if home is not None:
+        args += ["--install-dir", home]
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        args += ["--user", "--prefix="]
+
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    egg_info_dir: Optional[str],
+    no_user_config: bool,
+) -> List[str]:
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(setup_py_path, no_user_config=no_user_config)
+
+    args += ["egg_info"]
+
+    if egg_info_dir:
+        args += ["--egg-base", egg_info_dir]
+
+    return args
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79580b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface, open_spinner
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationSubprocessError
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import VERBOSE, subprocess_logger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Literal was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove `if TYPE_CHECKING` when dropping support for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import Literal
+
+CommandArgs = List[Union[str, HiddenText]]
+
+
+def make_command(*args: Union[str, HiddenText, CommandArgs]) -> CommandArgs:
+    """
+    Create a CommandArgs object.
+    """
+    command_args: CommandArgs = []
+    for arg in args:
+        # Check for list instead of CommandArgs since CommandArgs is
+        # only known during type-checking.
+        if isinstance(arg, list):
+            command_args.extend(arg)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, arg is str or HiddenText.
+            command_args.append(arg)
+
+    return command_args
+
+
+def format_command_args(args: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> str:
+    """
+    Format command arguments for display.
+    """
+    # For HiddenText arguments, display the redacted form by calling str().
+    # Also, we don't apply str() to arguments that aren't HiddenText since
+    # this can trigger a UnicodeDecodeError in Python 2 if the argument
+    # has type unicode and includes a non-ascii character.  (The type
+    # checker doesn't ensure the annotations are correct in all cases.)
+    return " ".join(
+        shlex.quote(str(arg)) if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else shlex.quote(arg)
+        for arg in args
+    )
+
+
+def reveal_command_args(args: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Return the arguments in their raw, unredacted form.
+    """
+    return [arg.secret if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else arg for arg in args]
+
+
+def call_subprocess(
+    cmd: Union[List[str], CommandArgs],
+    show_stdout: bool = False,
+    cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+    on_returncode: 'Literal["raise", "warn", "ignore"]' = "raise",
+    extra_ok_returncodes: Optional[Iterable[int]] = None,
+    extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+    unset_environ: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    spinner: Optional[SpinnerInterface] = None,
+    log_failed_cmd: Optional[bool] = True,
+    stdout_only: Optional[bool] = False,
+    *,
+    command_desc: str,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Args:
+      show_stdout: if true, use INFO to log the subprocess's stderr and
+        stdout streams.  Otherwise, use DEBUG.  Defaults to False.
+      extra_ok_returncodes: an iterable of integer return codes that are
+        acceptable, in addition to 0. Defaults to None, which means [].
+      unset_environ: an iterable of environment variable names to unset
+        prior to calling subprocess.Popen().
+      log_failed_cmd: if false, failed commands are not logged, only raised.
+      stdout_only: if true, return only stdout, else return both. When true,
+        logging of both stdout and stderr occurs when the subprocess has
+        terminated, else logging occurs as subprocess output is produced.
+    """
+    if extra_ok_returncodes is None:
+        extra_ok_returncodes = []
+    if unset_environ is None:
+        unset_environ = []
+    # Most places in pip use show_stdout=False. What this means is--
+    #
+    # - We connect the child's output (combined stderr and stdout) to a
+    #   single pipe, which we read.
+    # - We log this output to stderr at DEBUG level as it is received.
+    # - If DEBUG logging isn't enabled (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't
+    #   requested), then we show a spinner so the user can still see the
+    #   subprocess is in progress.
+    # - If the subprocess exits with an error, we log the output to stderr
+    #   at ERROR level if it hasn't already been displayed to the console
+    #   (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't enabled).  This way we don't log
+    #   the output to the console twice.
+    #
+    # If show_stdout=True, then the above is still done, but with DEBUG
+    # replaced by INFO.
+    if show_stdout:
+        # Then log the subprocess output at INFO level.
+        log_subprocess: Callable[..., None] = subprocess_logger.info
+        used_level = logging.INFO
+    else:
+        # Then log the subprocess output using VERBOSE.  This also ensures
+        # it will be logged to the log file (aka user_log), if enabled.
+        log_subprocess = subprocess_logger.verbose
+        used_level = VERBOSE
+
+    # Whether the subprocess will be visible in the console.
+    showing_subprocess = subprocess_logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= used_level
+
+    # Only use the spinner if we're not showing the subprocess output
+    # and we have a spinner.
+    use_spinner = not showing_subprocess and spinner is not None
+
+    log_subprocess("Running command %s", command_desc)
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+    for name in unset_environ:
+        env.pop(name, None)
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            # Convert HiddenText objects to the underlying str.
+            reveal_command_args(cmd),
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT if not stdout_only else subprocess.PIPE,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            env=env,
+            errors="backslashreplace",
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:
+        if log_failed_cmd:
+            subprocess_logger.critical(
+                "Error %s while executing command %s",
+                exc,
+                command_desc,
+            )
+        raise
+    all_output = []
+    if not stdout_only:
+        assert proc.stdout
+        assert proc.stdin
+        proc.stdin.close()
+        # In this mode, stdout and stderr are in the same pipe.
+        while True:
+            line: str = proc.stdout.readline()
+            if not line:
+                break
+            line = line.rstrip()
+            all_output.append(line + "\n")
+
+            # Show the line immediately.
+            log_subprocess(line)
+            # Update the spinner.
+            if use_spinner:
+                assert spinner
+                spinner.spin()
+        try:
+            proc.wait()
+        finally:
+            if proc.stdout:
+                proc.stdout.close()
+        output = "".join(all_output)
+    else:
+        # In this mode, stdout and stderr are in different pipes.
+        # We must use communicate() which is the only safe way to read both.
+        out, err = proc.communicate()
+        # log line by line to preserve pip log indenting
+        for out_line in out.splitlines():
+            log_subprocess(out_line)
+        all_output.append(out)
+        for err_line in err.splitlines():
+            log_subprocess(err_line)
+        all_output.append(err)
+        output = out
+
+    proc_had_error = proc.returncode and proc.returncode not in extra_ok_returncodes
+    if use_spinner:
+        assert spinner
+        if proc_had_error:
+            spinner.finish("error")
+        else:
+            spinner.finish("done")
+    if proc_had_error:
+        if on_returncode == "raise":
+            error = InstallationSubprocessError(
+                command_description=command_desc,
+                exit_code=proc.returncode,
+                output_lines=all_output if not showing_subprocess else None,
+            )
+            if log_failed_cmd:
+                subprocess_logger.error("%s", error, extra={"rich": True})
+                subprocess_logger.verbose(
+                    "[bold magenta]full command[/]: [blue]%s[/]",
+                    escape(format_command_args(cmd)),
+                    extra={"markup": True},
+                )
+                subprocess_logger.verbose(
+                    "[bold magenta]cwd[/]: %s",
+                    escape(cwd or "[inherit]"),
+                    extra={"markup": True},
+                )
+
+            raise error
+        elif on_returncode == "warn":
+            subprocess_logger.warning(
+                'Command "%s" had error code %s in %s',
+                command_desc,
+                proc.returncode,
+                cwd,
+            )
+        elif on_returncode == "ignore":
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value: on_returncode={on_returncode!r}")
+    return output
+
+
+def runner_with_spinner_message(message: str) -> Callable[..., None]:
+    """Provide a subprocess_runner that shows a spinner message.
+
+    Intended for use with for BuildBackendHookCaller. Thus, the runner has
+    an API that matches what's expected by BuildBackendHookCaller.subprocess_runner.
+    """
+
+    def runner(
+        cmd: List[str],
+        cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with open_spinner(message) as spinner:
+            call_subprocess(
+                cmd,
+                command_desc=message,
+                cwd=cwd,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+                spinner=spinner,
+            )
+
+    return runner
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eec5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+import errno
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os.path
+import tempfile
+import traceback
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import enum, rmtree
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", bound="TempDirectory")
+
+
+# Kinds of temporary directories. Only needed for ones that are
+# globally-managed.
+tempdir_kinds = enum(
+    BUILD_ENV="build-env",
+    EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE="ephem-wheel-cache",
+    REQ_BUILD="req-build",
+)
+
+
+_tempdir_manager: Optional[ExitStack] = None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def global_tempdir_manager() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    global _tempdir_manager
+    with ExitStack() as stack:
+        old_tempdir_manager, _tempdir_manager = _tempdir_manager, stack
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            _tempdir_manager = old_tempdir_manager
+
+
+class TempDirectoryTypeRegistry:
+    """Manages temp directory behavior"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._should_delete: Dict[str, bool] = {}
+
+    def set_delete(self, kind: str, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Indicate whether a TempDirectory of the given kind should be
+        auto-deleted.
+        """
+        self._should_delete[kind] = value
+
+    def get_delete(self, kind: str) -> bool:
+        """Get configured auto-delete flag for a given TempDirectory type,
+        default True.
+        """
+        return self._should_delete.get(kind, True)
+
+
+_tempdir_registry: Optional[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry] = None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def tempdir_registry() -> Generator[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry, None, None]:
+    """Provides a scoped global tempdir registry that can be used to dictate
+    whether directories should be deleted.
+    """
+    global _tempdir_registry
+    old_tempdir_registry = _tempdir_registry
+    _tempdir_registry = TempDirectoryTypeRegistry()
+    try:
+        yield _tempdir_registry
+    finally:
+        _tempdir_registry = old_tempdir_registry
+
+
+class _Default:
+    pass
+
+
+_default = _Default()
+
+
+class TempDirectory:
+    """Helper class that owns and cleans up a temporary directory.
+
+    This class can be used as a context manager or as an OO representation of a
+    temporary directory.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path
+            Location to the created temporary directory
+        delete
+            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
+            (when used as a contextmanager)
+
+    Methods:
+        cleanup()
+            Deletes the temporary directory
+
+    When used as a context manager, if the delete attribute is True, on
+    exiting the context the temporary directory is deleted.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        delete: Union[bool, None, _Default] = _default,
+        kind: str = "temp",
+        globally_managed: bool = False,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if delete is _default:
+            if path is not None:
+                # If we were given an explicit directory, resolve delete option
+                # now.
+                delete = False
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, we wait until cleanup and see what
+                # tempdir_registry says.
+                delete = None
+
+        # The only time we specify path is in for editables where it
+        # is the value of the --src option.
+        if path is None:
+            path = self._create(kind)
+
+        self._path = path
+        self._deleted = False
+        self.delete = delete
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+
+        if globally_managed:
+            assert _tempdir_manager is not None
+            _tempdir_manager.enter_context(self)
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        assert not self._deleted, f"Attempted to access deleted path: {self._path}"
+        return self._path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.path!r}>"
+
+    def __enter__(self: _T) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc: Any, value: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
+        if self.delete is not None:
+            delete = self.delete
+        elif _tempdir_registry:
+            delete = _tempdir_registry.get_delete(self.kind)
+        else:
+            delete = True
+
+        if delete:
+            self.cleanup()
+
+    def _create(self, kind: str) -> str:
+        """Create a temporary directory and store its path in self.path"""
+        # We realpath here because some systems have their default tmpdir
+        # symlinked to another directory.  This tends to confuse build
+        # scripts, so we canonicalize the path by traversing potential
+        # symlinks here.
+        path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
+        logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
+        return path
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Remove the temporary directory created and reset state"""
+        self._deleted = True
+        if not os.path.exists(self._path):
+            return
+
+        errors: List[BaseException] = []
+
+        def onerror(
+            func: Callable[..., Any],
+            path: Path,
+            exc_val: BaseException,
+        ) -> None:
+            """Log a warning for a `rmtree` error and continue"""
+            formatted_exc = "\n".join(
+                traceback.format_exception_only(type(exc_val), exc_val)
+            )
+            formatted_exc = formatted_exc.rstrip()  # remove trailing new line
+            if func in (os.unlink, os.remove, os.rmdir):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Failed to remove a temporary file '%s' due to %s.\n",
+                    path,
+                    formatted_exc,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.debug("%s failed with %s.", func.__qualname__, formatted_exc)
+            errors.append(exc_val)
+
+        if self.ignore_cleanup_errors:
+            try:
+                # first try with tenacity; retrying to handle ephemeral errors
+                rmtree(self._path, ignore_errors=False)
+            except OSError:
+                # last pass ignore/log all errors
+                rmtree(self._path, onexc=onerror)
+            if errors:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Failed to remove contents in a temporary directory '%s'.\n"
+                    "You can safely remove it manually.",
+                    self._path,
+                )
+        else:
+            rmtree(self._path)
+
+
+class AdjacentTempDirectory(TempDirectory):
+    """Helper class that creates a temporary directory adjacent to a real one.
+
+    Attributes:
+        original
+            The original directory to create a temp directory for.
+        path
+            After calling create() or entering, contains the full
+            path to the temporary directory.
+        delete
+            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
+            (when used as a contextmanager)
+
+    """
+
+    # The characters that may be used to name the temp directory
+    # We always prepend a ~ and then rotate through these until
+    # a usable name is found.
+    # pkg_resources raises a different error for .dist-info folder
+    # with leading '-' and invalid metadata
+    LEADING_CHARS = "-~.=%0123456789"
+
+    def __init__(self, original: str, delete: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        self.original = original.rstrip("/\\")
+        super().__init__(delete=delete)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _generate_names(cls, name: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        """Generates a series of temporary names.
+
+        The algorithm replaces the leading characters in the name
+        with ones that are valid filesystem characters, but are not
+        valid package names (for both Python and pip definitions of
+        package).
+        """
+        for i in range(1, len(name)):
+            for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
+                cls.LEADING_CHARS, i - 1
+            ):
+                new_name = "~" + "".join(candidate) + name[i:]
+                if new_name != name:
+                    yield new_name
+
+        # If we make it this far, we will have to make a longer name
+        for i in range(len(cls.LEADING_CHARS)):
+            for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
+                cls.LEADING_CHARS, i
+            ):
+                new_name = "~" + "".join(candidate) + name
+                if new_name != name:
+                    yield new_name
+
+    def _create(self, kind: str) -> str:
+        root, name = os.path.split(self.original)
+        for candidate in self._generate_names(name):
+            path = os.path.join(root, candidate)
+            try:
+                os.mkdir(path)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                # Continue if the name exists already
+                if ex.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                path = os.path.realpath(path)
+                break
+        else:
+            # Final fallback on the default behavior.
+            path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
+
+        logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
+        return path
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78b5c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+"""Utilities related archives.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import stat
+import tarfile
+import zipfile
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import (
+    BZ2_EXTENSIONS,
+    TAR_EXTENSIONS,
+    XZ_EXTENSIONS,
+    ZIP_EXTENSIONS,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS
+
+try:
+    import bz2  # noqa
+
+    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += BZ2_EXTENSIONS
+except ImportError:
+    logger.debug("bz2 module is not available")
+
+try:
+    # Only for Python 3.3+
+    import lzma  # noqa
+
+    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += XZ_EXTENSIONS
+except ImportError:
+    logger.debug("lzma module is not available")
+
+
+def current_umask() -> int:
+    """Get the current umask which involves having to set it temporarily."""
+    mask = os.umask(0)
+    os.umask(mask)
+    return mask
+
+
+def split_leading_dir(path: str) -> List[str]:
+    path = path.lstrip("/").lstrip("\\")
+    if "/" in path and (
+        ("\\" in path and path.find("/") < path.find("\\")) or "\\" not in path
+    ):
+        return path.split("/", 1)
+    elif "\\" in path:
+        return path.split("\\", 1)
+    else:
+        return [path, ""]
+
+
+def has_leading_dir(paths: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
+    """Returns true if all the paths have the same leading path name
+    (i.e., everything is in one subdirectory in an archive)"""
+    common_prefix = None
+    for path in paths:
+        prefix, rest = split_leading_dir(path)
+        if not prefix:
+            return False
+        elif common_prefix is None:
+            common_prefix = prefix
+        elif prefix != common_prefix:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_within_directory(directory: str, target: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return true if the absolute path of target is within the directory
+    """
+    abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
+    abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)
+
+    prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
+    return prefix == abs_directory
+
+
+def set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Make file present at path have execute for user/group/world
+    (chmod +x) is no-op on windows per python docs
+    """
+    os.chmod(path, (0o777 & ~current_umask() | 0o111))
+
+
+def zip_item_is_executable(info: ZipInfo) -> bool:
+    mode = info.external_attr >> 16
+    # if mode and regular file and any execute permissions for
+    # user/group/world?
+    return bool(mode and stat.S_ISREG(mode) and mode & 0o111)
+
+
+def unzip_file(filename: str, location: str, flatten: bool = True) -> None:
+    """
+    Unzip the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.  All
+    files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are
+    not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
+    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
+    written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
+    no-ops per the python docs.
+    """
+    ensure_dir(location)
+    zipfp = open(filename, "rb")
+    try:
+        zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipfp, allowZip64=True)
+        leading = has_leading_dir(zip.namelist()) and flatten
+        for info in zip.infolist():
+            name = info.filename
+            fn = name
+            if leading:
+                fn = split_leading_dir(name)[1]
+            fn = os.path.join(location, fn)
+            dir = os.path.dirname(fn)
+            if not is_within_directory(location, fn):
+                message = (
+                    "The zip file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install "
+                    "outside target directory ({})"
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, fn, location))
+            if fn.endswith("/") or fn.endswith("\\"):
+                # A directory
+                ensure_dir(fn)
+            else:
+                ensure_dir(dir)
+                # Don't use read() to avoid allocating an arbitrarily large
+                # chunk of memory for the file's content
+                fp = zip.open(name)
+                try:
+                    with open(fn, "wb") as destfp:
+                        shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
+                finally:
+                    fp.close()
+                    if zip_item_is_executable(info):
+                        set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(fn)
+    finally:
+        zipfp.close()
+
+
+def untar_file(filename: str, location: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Untar the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.
+    All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions
+    are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
+    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
+    written.  Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
+    no-ops per the python docs.
+    """
+    ensure_dir(location)
+    if filename.lower().endswith(".gz") or filename.lower().endswith(".tgz"):
+        mode = "r:gz"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(BZ2_EXTENSIONS):
+        mode = "r:bz2"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(XZ_EXTENSIONS):
+        mode = "r:xz"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(".tar"):
+        mode = "r"
+    else:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot determine compression type for file %s",
+            filename,
+        )
+        mode = "r:*"
+    tar = tarfile.open(filename, mode, encoding="utf-8")
+    try:
+        leading = has_leading_dir([member.name for member in tar.getmembers()])
+        for member in tar.getmembers():
+            fn = member.name
+            if leading:
+                fn = split_leading_dir(fn)[1]
+            path = os.path.join(location, fn)
+            if not is_within_directory(location, path):
+                message = (
+                    "The tar file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install "
+                    "outside target directory ({})"
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, path, location))
+            if member.isdir():
+                ensure_dir(path)
+            elif member.issym():
+                try:
+                    tar._extract_member(member, path)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
+                    # (specifically bad symlinks)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s",
+                        filename,
+                        member.name,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                    continue
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fp = tar.extractfile(member)
+                except (KeyError, AttributeError) as exc:
+                    # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
+                    # (specifically bad symlinks)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s",
+                        filename,
+                        member.name,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                    continue
+                ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+                assert fp is not None
+                with open(path, "wb") as destfp:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
+                fp.close()
+                # Update the timestamp (useful for cython compiled files)
+                tar.utime(member, path)
+                # member have any execute permissions for user/group/world?
+                if member.mode & 0o111:
+                    set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path)
+    finally:
+        tar.close()
+
+
+def unpack_file(
+    filename: str,
+    location: str,
+    content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    filename = os.path.realpath(filename)
+    if (
+        content_type == "application/zip"
+        or filename.lower().endswith(ZIP_EXTENSIONS)
+        or zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)
+    ):
+        unzip_file(filename, location, flatten=not filename.endswith(".whl"))
+    elif (
+        content_type == "application/x-gzip"
+        or tarfile.is_tarfile(filename)
+        or filename.lower().endswith(TAR_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS)
+    ):
+        untar_file(filename, location)
+    else:
+        # FIXME: handle?
+        # FIXME: magic signatures?
+        logger.critical(
+            "Cannot unpack file %s (downloaded from %s, content-type: %s); "
+            "cannot detect archive format",
+            filename,
+            location,
+            content_type,
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(f"Cannot determine archive format of {location}")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ba2e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import os
+import string
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .compat import WINDOWS
+
+
+def get_url_scheme(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    if ":" not in url:
+        return None
+    return url.split(":", 1)[0].lower()
+
+
+def path_to_url(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a path to a file: URL.  The path will be made absolute and have
+    quoted path parts.
+    """
+    path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
+    url = urllib.parse.urljoin("file:", urllib.request.pathname2url(path))
+    return url
+
+
+def url_to_path(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a file: URL to a path.
+    """
+    assert url.startswith(
+        "file:"
+    ), f"You can only turn file: urls into filenames (not {url!r})"
+
+    _, netloc, path, _, _ = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+
+    if not netloc or netloc == "localhost":
+        # According to RFC 8089, same as empty authority.
+        netloc = ""
+    elif WINDOWS:
+        # If we have a UNC path, prepend UNC share notation.
+        netloc = "\\\\" + netloc
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"non-local file URIs are not supported on this platform: {url!r}"
+        )
+
+    path = urllib.request.url2pathname(netloc + path)
+
+    # On Windows, urlsplit parses the path as something like "/C:/Users/foo".
+    # This creates issues for path-related functions like io.open(), so we try
+    # to detect and strip the leading slash.
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and not netloc  # Not UNC.
+        and len(path) >= 3
+        and path[0] == "/"  # Leading slash to strip.
+        and path[1] in string.ascii_letters  # Drive letter.
+        and path[2:4] in (":", ":/")  # Colon + end of string, or colon + absolute path.
+    ):
+        path = path[1:]
+
+    return path
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882e36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import site
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"include-system-site-packages\s*=\s*(?P<value>true|false)"
+)
+
+
+def _running_under_venv() -> bool:
+    """Checks if sys.base_prefix and sys.prefix match.
+
+    This handles PEP 405 compliant virtual environments.
+    """
+    return sys.prefix != getattr(sys, "base_prefix", sys.prefix)
+
+
+def _running_under_legacy_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """Checks if sys.real_prefix is set.
+
+    This handles virtual environments created with pypa's virtualenv.
+    """
+    # pypa/virtualenv case
+    return hasattr(sys, "real_prefix")
+
+
+def running_under_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """True if we're running inside a virtual environment, False otherwise."""
+    return _running_under_venv() or _running_under_legacy_virtualenv()
+
+
+def _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines() -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    """Reads {sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg and returns its contents as list of lines
+
+    Returns None, if it could not read/access the file.
+    """
+    pyvenv_cfg_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "pyvenv.cfg")
+    try:
+        # Although PEP 405 does not specify, the built-in venv module always
+        # writes with UTF-8. (pypa/pip#8717)
+        with open(pyvenv_cfg_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return f.read().splitlines()  # avoids trailing newlines
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _no_global_under_venv() -> bool:
+    """Check `{sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg` for system site-packages inclusion
+
+    PEP 405 specifies that when system site-packages are not supposed to be
+    visible from a virtual environment, `pyvenv.cfg` must contain the following
+    line:
+
+        include-system-site-packages = false
+
+    Additionally, log a warning if accessing the file fails.
+    """
+    cfg_lines = _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines()
+    if cfg_lines is None:
+        # We're not in a "sane" venv, so assume there is no system
+        # site-packages access (since that's PEP 405's default state).
+        logger.warning(
+            "Could not access 'pyvenv.cfg' despite a virtual environment "
+            "being active. Assuming global site-packages is not accessible "
+            "in this environment."
+        )
+        return True
+
+    for line in cfg_lines:
+        match = _INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX.match(line)
+        if match is not None and match.group("value") == "false":
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _no_global_under_legacy_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """Check if "no-global-site-packages.txt" exists beside site.py
+
+    This mirrors logic in pypa/virtualenv for determining whether system
+    site-packages are visible in the virtual environment.
+    """
+    site_mod_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(site.__file__))
+    no_global_site_packages_file = os.path.join(
+        site_mod_dir,
+        "no-global-site-packages.txt",
+    )
+    return os.path.exists(no_global_site_packages_file)
+
+
+def virtualenv_no_global() -> bool:
+    """Returns a boolean, whether running in venv with no system site-packages."""
+    # PEP 405 compliance needs to be checked first since virtualenv >=20 would
+    # return True for both checks, but is only able to use the PEP 405 config.
+    if _running_under_venv():
+        return _no_global_under_venv()
+
+    if _running_under_legacy_virtualenv():
+        return _no_global_under_legacy_virtualenv()
+
+    return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3551f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""Support functions for working with wheel files.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from email.message import Message
+from email.parser import Parser
+from typing import Tuple
+from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import UnsupportedWheel
+
+VERSION_COMPATIBLE = (1, 0)
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def parse_wheel(wheel_zip: ZipFile, name: str) -> Tuple[str, Message]:
+    """Extract information from the provided wheel, ensuring it meets basic
+    standards.
+
+    Returns the name of the .dist-info directory and the parsed WHEEL metadata.
+    """
+    try:
+        info_dir = wheel_dist_info_dir(wheel_zip, name)
+        metadata = wheel_metadata(wheel_zip, info_dir)
+        version = wheel_version(metadata)
+    except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {str(e)}")
+
+    check_compatibility(version, name)
+
+    return info_dir, metadata
+
+
+def wheel_dist_info_dir(source: ZipFile, name: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the name of the contained .dist-info directory.
+
+    Raises AssertionError or UnsupportedWheel if not found, >1 found, or
+    it doesn't match the provided name.
+    """
+    # Zip file path separators must be /
+    subdirs = {p.split("/", 1)[0] for p in source.namelist()}
+
+    info_dirs = [s for s in subdirs if s.endswith(".dist-info")]
+
+    if not info_dirs:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(".dist-info directory not found")
+
+    if len(info_dirs) > 1:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            "multiple .dist-info directories found: {}".format(", ".join(info_dirs))
+        )
+
+    info_dir = info_dirs[0]
+
+    info_dir_name = canonicalize_name(info_dir)
+    canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+    if not info_dir_name.startswith(canonical_name):
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            f".dist-info directory {info_dir!r} does not start with {canonical_name!r}"
+        )
+
+    return info_dir
+
+
+def read_wheel_metadata_file(source: ZipFile, path: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        return source.read(path)
+        # BadZipFile for general corruption, KeyError for missing entry,
+        # and RuntimeError for password-protected files
+    except (BadZipFile, KeyError, RuntimeError) as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"could not read {path!r} file: {e!r}")
+
+
+def wheel_metadata(source: ZipFile, dist_info_dir: str) -> Message:
+    """Return the WHEEL metadata of an extracted wheel, if possible.
+    Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
+    """
+    path = f"{dist_info_dir}/WHEEL"
+    # Zip file path separators must be /
+    wheel_contents = read_wheel_metadata_file(source, path)
+
+    try:
+        wheel_text = wheel_contents.decode()
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"error decoding {path!r}: {e!r}")
+
+    # FeedParser (used by Parser) does not raise any exceptions. The returned
+    # message may have .defects populated, but for backwards-compatibility we
+    # currently ignore them.
+    return Parser().parsestr(wheel_text)
+
+
+def wheel_version(wheel_data: Message) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Given WHEEL metadata, return the parsed Wheel-Version.
+    Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
+    """
+    version_text = wheel_data["Wheel-Version"]
+    if version_text is None:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel("WHEEL is missing Wheel-Version")
+
+    version = version_text.strip()
+
+    try:
+        return tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"invalid Wheel-Version: {version!r}")
+
+
+def check_compatibility(version: Tuple[int, ...], name: str) -> None:
+    """Raises errors or warns if called with an incompatible Wheel-Version.
+
+    pip should refuse to install a Wheel-Version that's a major series
+    ahead of what it's compatible with (e.g 2.0 > 1.1); and warn when
+    installing a version only minor version ahead (e.g 1.2 > 1.1).
+
+    version: a 2-tuple representing a Wheel-Version (Major, Minor)
+    name: name of wheel or package to raise exception about
+
+    :raises UnsupportedWheel: when an incompatible Wheel-Version is given
+    """
+    if version[0] > VERSION_COMPATIBLE[0]:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            "{}'s Wheel-Version ({}) is not compatible with this version "
+            "of pip".format(name, ".".join(map(str, version)))
+        )
+    elif version > VERSION_COMPATIBLE:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Installing from a newer Wheel-Version (%s)",
+            ".".join(map(str, version)),
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6beddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Expose a limited set of classes and functions so callers outside of
+# the vcs package don't need to import deeper than `pip._internal.vcs`.
+# (The test directory may still need to import from a vcs sub-package.)
+# Import all vcs modules to register each VCS in the VcsSupport object.
+import pip._internal.vcs.bazaar
+import pip._internal.vcs.git
+import pip._internal.vcs.mercurial
+import pip._internal.vcs.subversion  # noqa: F401
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (  # noqa: F401
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RemoteNotValidError,
+    is_url,
+    make_vcs_requirement_url,
+    vcs,
+)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20a17ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import logging
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Bazaar(VersionControl):
+    name = "bzr"
+    dirname = ".bzr"
+    repo_name = "branch"
+    schemes = (
+        "bzr+http",
+        "bzr+https",
+        "bzr+ssh",
+        "bzr+sftp",
+        "bzr+ftp",
+        "bzr+lp",
+        "bzr+file",
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return ["-r", rev]
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Checking out %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flag = "--quiet"
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flag = ""
+        else:
+            flag = f"-{'v'*verbosity}"
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "checkout", "--lightweight", flag, rev_options.to_args(), url, dest
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(make_command("switch", url), cwd=dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        output = self.run_command(
+            make_command("info"), show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=dest
+        )
+        if output.startswith("Standalone "):
+            # Older versions of pip used to create standalone branches.
+            # Convert the standalone branch to a checkout by calling "bzr bind".
+            cmd_args = make_command("bind", "-q", url)
+            self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+        cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        # hotfix the URL scheme after removing bzr+ from bzr+ssh:// re-add it
+        url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+        if url.startswith("ssh://"):
+            url = "bzr+" + url
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        urls = cls.run_command(
+            ["info"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=location
+        )
+        for line in urls.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            for x in ("checkout of branch: ", "parent branch: "):
+                if line.startswith(x):
+                    repo = line.split(x)[1]
+                    if cls._is_local_repository(repo):
+                        return path_to_url(repo)
+                    return repo
+        raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        revision = cls.run_command(
+            ["revno"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        return revision.splitlines()[-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+
+vcs.register(Bazaar)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c242cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+import logging
+import os.path
+import pathlib
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path, hide_url
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RemoteNotValidError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+urlsplit = urllib.parse.urlsplit
+urlunsplit = urllib.parse.urlunsplit
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+GIT_VERSION_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"^git version "  # Prefix.
+    r"(\d+)"  # Major.
+    r"\.(\d+)"  # Dot, minor.
+    r"(?:\.(\d+))?"  # Optional dot, patch.
+    r".*$"  # Suffix, including any pre- and post-release segments we don't care about.
+)
+
+HASH_REGEX = re.compile("^[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$")
+
+# SCP (Secure copy protocol) shorthand. e.g. 'git@example.com:foo/bar.git'
+SCP_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+    # Optional user, e.g. 'git@'
+    (\w+@)?
+    # Server, e.g. 'github.com'.
+    ([^/:]+):
+    # The server-side path. e.g. 'user/project.git'. Must start with an
+    # alphanumeric character so as not to be confusable with a Windows paths
+    # like 'C:/foo/bar' or 'C:\foo\bar'.
+    (\w[^:]*)
+    $""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_hash(sha: str) -> bool:
+    return bool(HASH_REGEX.match(sha))
+
+
+class Git(VersionControl):
+    name = "git"
+    dirname = ".git"
+    repo_name = "clone"
+    schemes = (
+        "git+http",
+        "git+https",
+        "git+ssh",
+        "git+git",
+        "git+file",
+    )
+    # Prevent the user's environment variables from interfering with pip:
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1130
+    unset_environ = ("GIT_DIR", "GIT_WORK_TREE")
+    default_arg_rev = "HEAD"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return [rev]
+
+    def is_immutable_rev_checkout(self, url: str, dest: str) -> bool:
+        _, rev_options = self.get_url_rev_options(hide_url(url))
+        if not rev_options.rev:
+            return False
+        if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+            # the current commit is different from rev,
+            # which means rev was something else than a commit hash
+            return False
+        # return False in the rare case rev is both a commit hash
+        # and a tag or a branch; we don't want to cache in that case
+        # because that branch/tag could point to something else in the future
+        is_tag_or_branch = bool(self.get_revision_sha(dest, rev_options.rev)[0])
+        return not is_tag_or_branch
+
+    def get_git_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        version = self.run_command(
+            ["version"],
+            command_desc="git version",
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+        )
+        match = GIT_VERSION_REGEX.match(version)
+        if not match:
+            logger.warning("Can't parse git version: %s", version)
+            return ()
+        return (int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_branch(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the current branch, or None if HEAD isn't at a branch
+        (e.g. detached HEAD).
+        """
+        # git-symbolic-ref exits with empty stdout if "HEAD" is a detached
+        # HEAD rather than a symbolic ref.  In addition, the -q causes the
+        # command to exit with status code 1 instead of 128 in this case
+        # and to suppress the message to stderr.
+        args = ["symbolic-ref", "-q", "HEAD"]
+        output = cls.run_command(
+            args,
+            extra_ok_returncodes=(1,),
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        ref = output.strip()
+
+        if ref.startswith("refs/heads/"):
+            return ref[len("refs/heads/") :]
+
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision_sha(cls, dest: str, rev: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+        """
+        Return (sha_or_none, is_branch), where sha_or_none is a commit hash
+        if the revision names a remote branch or tag, otherwise None.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          rev: the revision name.
+        """
+        # Pass rev to pre-filter the list.
+        output = cls.run_command(
+            ["show-ref", rev],
+            cwd=dest,
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            on_returncode="ignore",
+        )
+        refs = {}
+        # NOTE: We do not use splitlines here since that would split on other
+        #       unicode separators, which can be maliciously used to install a
+        #       different revision.
+        for line in output.strip().split("\n"):
+            line = line.rstrip("\r")
+            if not line:
+                continue
+            try:
+                ref_sha, ref_name = line.split(" ", maxsplit=2)
+            except ValueError:
+                # Include the offending line to simplify troubleshooting if
+                # this error ever occurs.
+                raise ValueError(f"unexpected show-ref line: {line!r}")
+
+            refs[ref_name] = ref_sha
+
+        branch_ref = f"refs/remotes/origin/{rev}"
+        tag_ref = f"refs/tags/{rev}"
+
+        sha = refs.get(branch_ref)
+        if sha is not None:
+            return (sha, True)
+
+        sha = refs.get(tag_ref)
+
+        return (sha, False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _should_fetch(cls, dest: str, rev: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if rev is a ref or is a commit that we don't have locally.
+
+        Branches and tags are not considered in this method because they are
+        assumed to be always available locally (which is a normal outcome of
+        ``git clone`` and ``git fetch --tags``).
+        """
+        if rev.startswith("refs/"):
+            # Always fetch remote refs.
+            return True
+
+        if not looks_like_hash(rev):
+            # Git fetch would fail with abbreviated commits.
+            return False
+
+        if cls.has_commit(dest, rev):
+            # Don't fetch if we have the commit locally.
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_revision(
+        cls, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions
+    ) -> RevOptions:
+        """
+        Resolve a revision to a new RevOptions object with the SHA1 of the
+        branch, tag, or ref if found.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        rev = rev_options.arg_rev
+        # The arg_rev property's implementation for Git ensures that the
+        # rev return value is always non-None.
+        assert rev is not None
+
+        sha, is_branch = cls.get_revision_sha(dest, rev)
+
+        if sha is not None:
+            rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+            rev_options.branch_name = rev if is_branch else None
+
+            return rev_options
+
+        # Do not show a warning for the common case of something that has
+        # the form of a Git commit hash.
+        if not looks_like_hash(rev):
+            logger.warning(
+                "Did not find branch or tag '%s', assuming revision or ref.",
+                rev,
+            )
+
+        if not cls._should_fetch(dest, rev):
+            return rev_options
+
+        # fetch the requested revision
+        cls.run_command(
+            make_command("fetch", "-q", url, rev_options.to_args()),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+        # Change the revision to the SHA of the ref we fetched
+        sha = cls.get_revision(dest, rev="FETCH_HEAD")
+        rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+
+        return rev_options
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the current commit hash equals the given name.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          name: a string name.
+        """
+        if not name:
+            # Then avoid an unnecessary subprocess call.
+            return False
+
+        return cls.get_revision(dest) == name
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info("Cloning %s%s to %s", url, rev_display, display_path(dest))
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags: Tuple[str, ...] = ("--quiet",)
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = ()
+        else:
+            flags = ("--verbose", "--progress")
+        if self.get_git_version() >= (2, 17):
+            # Git added support for partial clone in 2.17
+            # https://git-scm.com/docs/partial-clone
+            # Speeds up cloning by functioning without a complete copy of repository
+            self.run_command(
+                make_command(
+                    "clone",
+                    "--filter=blob:none",
+                    *flags,
+                    url,
+                    dest,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            self.run_command(make_command("clone", *flags, url, dest))
+
+        if rev_options.rev:
+            # Then a specific revision was requested.
+            rev_options = self.resolve_revision(dest, url, rev_options)
+            branch_name = getattr(rev_options, "branch_name", None)
+            logger.debug("Rev options %s, branch_name %s", rev_options, branch_name)
+            if branch_name is None:
+                # Only do a checkout if the current commit id doesn't match
+                # the requested revision.
+                if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+                    cmd_args = make_command(
+                        "checkout",
+                        "-q",
+                        rev_options.to_args(),
+                    )
+                    self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+            elif self.get_current_branch(dest) != branch_name:
+                # Then a specific branch was requested, and that branch
+                # is not yet checked out.
+                track_branch = f"origin/{branch_name}"
+                cmd_args = [
+                    "checkout",
+                    "-b",
+                    branch_name,
+                    "--track",
+                    track_branch,
+                ]
+                self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+        else:
+            sha = self.get_revision(dest)
+            rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+
+        logger.info("Resolved %s to commit %s", url, rev_options.rev)
+
+        #: repo may contain submodules
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(
+            make_command("config", "remote.origin.url", url),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+        cmd_args = make_command("checkout", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        # First fetch changes from the default remote
+        if self.get_git_version() >= (1, 9):
+            # fetch tags in addition to everything else
+            self.run_command(["fetch", "-q", "--tags"], cwd=dest)
+        else:
+            self.run_command(["fetch", "-q"], cwd=dest)
+        # Then reset to wanted revision (maybe even origin/master)
+        rev_options = self.resolve_revision(dest, url, rev_options)
+        cmd_args = make_command("reset", "--hard", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+        #: update submodules
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return URL of the first remote encountered.
+
+        Raises RemoteNotFoundError if the repository does not have a remote
+        url configured.
+        """
+        # We need to pass 1 for extra_ok_returncodes since the command
+        # exits with return code 1 if there are no matching lines.
+        stdout = cls.run_command(
+            ["config", "--get-regexp", r"remote\..*\.url"],
+            extra_ok_returncodes=(1,),
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        remotes = stdout.splitlines()
+        try:
+            found_remote = remotes[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        for remote in remotes:
+            if remote.startswith("remote.origin.url "):
+                found_remote = remote
+                break
+        url = found_remote.split(" ")[1]
+        return cls._git_remote_to_pip_url(url.strip())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _git_remote_to_pip_url(url: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Convert a remote url from what git uses to what pip accepts.
+
+        There are 3 legal forms **url** may take:
+
+            1. A fully qualified url: ssh://git@example.com/foo/bar.git
+            2. A local project.git folder: /path/to/bare/repository.git
+            3. SCP shorthand for form 1: git@example.com:foo/bar.git
+
+        Form 1 is output as-is. Form 2 must be converted to URI and form 3 must
+        be converted to form 1.
+
+        See the corresponding test test_git_remote_url_to_pip() for examples of
+        sample inputs/outputs.
+        """
+        if re.match(r"\w+://", url):
+            # This is already valid. Pass it though as-is.
+            return url
+        if os.path.exists(url):
+            # A local bare remote (git clone --mirror).
+            # Needs a file:// prefix.
+            return pathlib.PurePath(url).as_uri()
+        scp_match = SCP_REGEX.match(url)
+        if scp_match:
+            # Add an ssh:// prefix and replace the ':' with a '/'.
+            return scp_match.expand(r"ssh://\1\2/\3")
+        # Otherwise, bail out.
+        raise RemoteNotValidError(url)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def has_commit(cls, location: str, rev: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if rev is a commit that is available in the local repository.
+        """
+        try:
+            cls.run_command(
+                ["rev-parse", "-q", "--verify", "sha^" + rev],
+                cwd=location,
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except InstallationError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str, rev: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        if rev is None:
+            rev = "HEAD"
+        current_rev = cls.run_command(
+            ["rev-parse", rev],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        return current_rev.strip()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        # find the repo root
+        git_dir = cls.run_command(
+            ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        if not os.path.isabs(git_dir):
+            git_dir = os.path.join(location, git_dir)
+        repo_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(git_dir, ".."))
+        return find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(location, repo_root)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        """
+        Prefixes stub URLs like 'user@hostname:user/repo.git' with 'ssh://'.
+        That's required because although they use SSH they sometimes don't
+        work with a ssh:// scheme (e.g. GitHub). But we need a scheme for
+        parsing. Hence we remove it again afterwards and return it as a stub.
+        """
+        # Works around an apparent Git bug
+        # (see https://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/146500)
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url)
+        if scheme.endswith("file"):
+            initial_slashes = path[: -len(path.lstrip("/"))]
+            newpath = initial_slashes + urllib.request.url2pathname(path).replace(
+                "\\", "/"
+            ).lstrip("/")
+            after_plus = scheme.find("+") + 1
+            url = scheme[:after_plus] + urlunsplit(
+                (scheme[after_plus:], netloc, newpath, query, fragment),
+            )
+
+        if "://" not in url:
+            assert "file:" not in url
+            url = url.replace("git+", "git+ssh://")
+            url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+            url = url.replace("ssh://", "")
+        else:
+            url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_submodules(cls, location: str) -> None:
+        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(location, ".gitmodules")):
+            return
+        cls.run_command(
+            ["submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", "-q"],
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        loc = super().get_repository_root(location)
+        if loc:
+            return loc
+        try:
+            r = cls.run_command(
+                ["rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
+                cwd=location,
+                show_stdout=False,
+                stdout_only=True,
+                on_returncode="raise",
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except BadCommand:
+            logger.debug(
+                "could not determine if %s is under git control "
+                "because git is not available",
+                location,
+            )
+            return None
+        except InstallationError:
+            return None
+        return os.path.normpath(r.rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(repo_url: str) -> bool:
+        """In either https or ssh form, requirements must be prefixed with git+."""
+        return True
+
+
+vcs.register(Git)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c183d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import configparser
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Mercurial(VersionControl):
+    name = "hg"
+    dirname = ".hg"
+    repo_name = "clone"
+    schemes = (
+        "hg+file",
+        "hg+http",
+        "hg+https",
+        "hg+ssh",
+        "hg+static-http",
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return [f"--rev={rev}"]
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Cloning hg %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags: Tuple[str, ...] = ("--quiet",)
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = ()
+        elif verbosity == 2:
+            flags = ("--verbose",)
+        else:
+            flags = ("--verbose", "--debug")
+        self.run_command(make_command("clone", "--noupdate", *flags, url, dest))
+        self.run_command(
+            make_command("update", *flags, rev_options.to_args()),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        repo_config = os.path.join(dest, self.dirname, "hgrc")
+        config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        try:
+            config.read(repo_config)
+            config.set("paths", "default", url.secret)
+            with open(repo_config, "w") as config_file:
+                config.write(config_file)
+        except (OSError, configparser.NoSectionError) as exc:
+            logger.warning("Could not switch Mercurial repository to %s: %s", url, exc)
+        else:
+            cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+            self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(["pull", "-q"], cwd=dest)
+        cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        url = cls.run_command(
+            ["showconfig", "paths.default"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        if cls._is_local_repository(url):
+            url = path_to_url(url)
+        return url.strip()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the repository-local changeset revision number, as an integer.
+        """
+        current_revision = cls.run_command(
+            ["parents", "--template={rev}"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        return current_revision
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirement_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the changeset identification hash, as a 40-character
+        hexadecimal string
+        """
+        current_rev_hash = cls.run_command(
+            ["parents", "--template={node}"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        return current_rev_hash
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        # find the repo root
+        repo_root = cls.run_command(
+            ["root"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=location
+        ).strip()
+        if not os.path.isabs(repo_root):
+            repo_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(location, repo_root))
+        return find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(location, repo_root)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        loc = super().get_repository_root(location)
+        if loc:
+            return loc
+        try:
+            r = cls.run_command(
+                ["root"],
+                cwd=location,
+                show_stdout=False,
+                stdout_only=True,
+                on_returncode="raise",
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except BadCommand:
+            logger.debug(
+                "could not determine if %s is under hg control "
+                "because hg is not available",
+                location,
+            )
+            return None
+        except InstallationError:
+            return None
+        return os.path.normpath(r.rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+
+vcs.register(Mercurial)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16d93a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    HiddenText,
+    display_path,
+    is_console_interactive,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    split_auth_from_netloc,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import CommandArgs, make_command
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_svn_xml_url_re = re.compile('url="([^"]+)"')
+_svn_rev_re = re.compile(r'committed-rev="(\d+)"')
+_svn_info_xml_rev_re = re.compile(r'\s*revision="(\d+)"')
+_svn_info_xml_url_re = re.compile(r"<url>(.*)</url>")
+
+
+class Subversion(VersionControl):
+    name = "svn"
+    dirname = ".svn"
+    repo_name = "checkout"
+    schemes = ("svn+ssh", "svn+http", "svn+https", "svn+svn", "svn+file")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(cls, remote_url: str) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return ["-r", rev]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the maximum revision for all files under a given location
+        """
+        # Note: taken from setuptools.command.egg_info
+        revision = 0
+
+        for base, dirs, _ in os.walk(location):
+            if cls.dirname not in dirs:
+                dirs[:] = []
+                continue  # no sense walking uncontrolled subdirs
+            dirs.remove(cls.dirname)
+            entries_fn = os.path.join(base, cls.dirname, "entries")
+            if not os.path.exists(entries_fn):
+                # FIXME: should we warn?
+                continue
+
+            dirurl, localrev = cls._get_svn_url_rev(base)
+
+            if base == location:
+                assert dirurl is not None
+                base = dirurl + "/"  # save the root url
+            elif not dirurl or not dirurl.startswith(base):
+                dirs[:] = []
+                continue  # not part of the same svn tree, skip it
+            revision = max(revision, localrev)
+        return str(revision)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_netloc_and_auth(
+        cls, netloc: str, scheme: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        This override allows the auth information to be passed to svn via the
+        --username and --password options instead of via the URL.
+        """
+        if scheme == "ssh":
+            # The --username and --password options can't be used for
+            # svn+ssh URLs, so keep the auth information in the URL.
+            return super().get_netloc_and_auth(netloc, scheme)
+
+        return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        # hotfix the URL scheme after removing svn+ from svn+ssh:// re-add it
+        url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+        if url.startswith("ssh://"):
+            url = "svn+" + url
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_rev_args(
+        username: Optional[str], password: Optional[HiddenText]
+    ) -> CommandArgs:
+        extra_args: CommandArgs = []
+        if username:
+            extra_args += ["--username", username]
+        if password:
+            extra_args += ["--password", password]
+
+        return extra_args
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        # In cases where the source is in a subdirectory, we have to look up in
+        # the location until we find a valid project root.
+        orig_location = location
+        while not is_installable_dir(location):
+            last_location = location
+            location = os.path.dirname(location)
+            if location == last_location:
+                # We've traversed up to the root of the filesystem without
+                # finding a Python project.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Could not find Python project for directory %s (tried all "
+                    "parent directories)",
+                    orig_location,
+                )
+                raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        url, _rev = cls._get_svn_url_rev(location)
+        if url is None:
+            raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_svn_url_rev(cls, location: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], int]:
+        from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+
+        entries_path = os.path.join(location, cls.dirname, "entries")
+        if os.path.exists(entries_path):
+            with open(entries_path) as f:
+                data = f.read()
+        else:  # subversion >= 1.7 does not have the 'entries' file
+            data = ""
+
+        url = None
+        if data.startswith("8") or data.startswith("9") or data.startswith("10"):
+            entries = list(map(str.splitlines, data.split("\n\x0c\n")))
+            del entries[0][0]  # get rid of the '8'
+            url = entries[0][3]
+            revs = [int(d[9]) for d in entries if len(d) > 9 and d[9]] + [0]
+        elif data.startswith("<?xml"):
+            match = _svn_xml_url_re.search(data)
+            if not match:
+                raise ValueError(f"Badly formatted data: {data!r}")
+            url = match.group(1)  # get repository URL
+            revs = [int(m.group(1)) for m in _svn_rev_re.finditer(data)] + [0]
+        else:
+            try:
+                # subversion >= 1.7
+                # Note that using get_remote_call_options is not necessary here
+                # because `svn info` is being run against a local directory.
+                # We don't need to worry about making sure interactive mode
+                # is being used to prompt for passwords, because passwords
+                # are only potentially needed for remote server requests.
+                xml = cls.run_command(
+                    ["info", "--xml", location],
+                    show_stdout=False,
+                    stdout_only=True,
+                )
+                match = _svn_info_xml_url_re.search(xml)
+                assert match is not None
+                url = match.group(1)
+                revs = [int(m.group(1)) for m in _svn_info_xml_rev_re.finditer(xml)]
+            except InstallationError:
+                url, revs = None, []
+
+        if revs:
+            rev = max(revs)
+        else:
+            rev = 0
+
+        return url, rev
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+    def __init__(self, use_interactive: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        if use_interactive is None:
+            use_interactive = is_console_interactive()
+        self.use_interactive = use_interactive
+
+        # This member is used to cache the fetched version of the current
+        # ``svn`` client.
+        # Special value definitions:
+        #   None: Not evaluated yet.
+        #   Empty tuple: Could not parse version.
+        self._vcs_version: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def call_vcs_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Query the version of the currently installed Subversion client.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the parts of the version information or
+            ``()`` if the version returned from ``svn`` could not be parsed.
+        :raises: BadCommand: If ``svn`` is not installed.
+        """
+        # Example versions:
+        #   svn, version 1.10.3 (r1842928)
+        #      compiled Feb 25 2019, 14:20:39 on x86_64-apple-darwin17.0.0
+        #   svn, version 1.7.14 (r1542130)
+        #      compiled Mar 28 2018, 08:49:13 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
+        #   svn, version 1.12.0-SlikSvn (SlikSvn/1.12.0)
+        #      compiled May 28 2019, 13:44:56 on x86_64-microsoft-windows6.2
+        version_prefix = "svn, version "
+        version = self.run_command(["--version"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True)
+        if not version.startswith(version_prefix):
+            return ()
+
+        version = version[len(version_prefix) :].split()[0]
+        version_list = version.partition("-")[0].split(".")
+        try:
+            parsed_version = tuple(map(int, version_list))
+        except ValueError:
+            return ()
+
+        return parsed_version
+
+    def get_vcs_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Return the version of the currently installed Subversion client.
+
+        If the version of the Subversion client has already been queried,
+        a cached value will be used.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the parts of the version information or
+            ``()`` if the version returned from ``svn`` could not be parsed.
+        :raises: BadCommand: If ``svn`` is not installed.
+        """
+        if self._vcs_version is not None:
+            # Use cached version, if available.
+            # If parsing the version failed previously (empty tuple),
+            # do not attempt to parse it again.
+            return self._vcs_version
+
+        vcs_version = self.call_vcs_version()
+        self._vcs_version = vcs_version
+        return vcs_version
+
+    def get_remote_call_options(self) -> CommandArgs:
+        """Return options to be used on calls to Subversion that contact the server.
+
+        These options are applicable for the following ``svn`` subcommands used
+        in this class.
+
+            - checkout
+            - switch
+            - update
+
+        :return: A list of command line arguments to pass to ``svn``.
+        """
+        if not self.use_interactive:
+            # --non-interactive switch is available since Subversion 0.14.4.
+            # Subversion < 1.8 runs in interactive mode by default.
+            return ["--non-interactive"]
+
+        svn_version = self.get_vcs_version()
+        # By default, Subversion >= 1.8 runs in non-interactive mode if
+        # stdin is not a TTY. Since that is how pip invokes SVN, in
+        # call_subprocess(), pip must pass --force-interactive to ensure
+        # the user can be prompted for a password, if required.
+        #   SVN added the --force-interactive option in SVN 1.8. Since
+        # e.g. RHEL/CentOS 7, which is supported until 2024, ships with
+        # SVN 1.7, pip should continue to support SVN 1.7. Therefore, pip
+        # can't safely add the option if the SVN version is < 1.8 (or unknown).
+        if svn_version >= (1, 8):
+            return ["--force-interactive"]
+
+        return []
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Checking out %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flag = "--quiet"
+        else:
+            flag = ""
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "checkout",
+            flag,
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            url,
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "switch",
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            url,
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "update",
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+
+vcs.register(Subversion)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46ca279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+"""Handles all VCS (version control) support"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    HiddenText,
+    ask_path_exists,
+    backup_dir,
+    display_path,
+    hide_url,
+    hide_value,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    rmtree,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import (
+    CommandArgs,
+    call_subprocess,
+    format_command_args,
+    make_command,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import get_url_scheme
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Literal was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove `if TYPE_CHECKING` when dropping support for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import Literal
+
+
+__all__ = ["vcs"]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+AuthInfo = Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]
+
+
+def is_url(name: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return true if the name looks like a URL.
+    """
+    scheme = get_url_scheme(name)
+    if scheme is None:
+        return False
+    return scheme in ["http", "https", "file", "ftp"] + vcs.all_schemes
+
+
+def make_vcs_requirement_url(
+    repo_url: str, rev: str, project_name: str, subdir: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the URL for a VCS requirement.
+
+    Args:
+      repo_url: the remote VCS url, with any needed VCS prefix (e.g. "git+").
+      project_name: the (unescaped) project name.
+    """
+    egg_project_name = project_name.replace("-", "_")
+    req = f"{repo_url}@{rev}#egg={egg_project_name}"
+    if subdir:
+        req += f"&subdirectory={subdir}"
+
+    return req
+
+
+def find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(
+    location: str, repo_root: str
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Find the the Python project's root by searching up the filesystem from
+    `location`. Return the path to project root relative to `repo_root`.
+    Return None if the project root is `repo_root`, or cannot be found.
+    """
+    # find project root.
+    orig_location = location
+    while not is_installable_dir(location):
+        last_location = location
+        location = os.path.dirname(location)
+        if location == last_location:
+            # We've traversed up to the root of the filesystem without
+            # finding a Python project.
+            logger.warning(
+                "Could not find a Python project for directory %s (tried all "
+                "parent directories)",
+                orig_location,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    if os.path.samefile(repo_root, location):
+        return None
+
+    return os.path.relpath(location, repo_root)
+
+
+class RemoteNotFoundError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RemoteNotValidError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, url: str):
+        super().__init__(url)
+        self.url = url
+
+
+class RevOptions:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates a VCS-specific revision to install, along with any VCS
+    install options.
+
+    Instances of this class should be treated as if immutable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vc_class: Type["VersionControl"],
+        rev: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_args: Optional[CommandArgs] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Args:
+          vc_class: a VersionControl subclass.
+          rev: the name of the revision to install.
+          extra_args: a list of extra options.
+        """
+        if extra_args is None:
+            extra_args = []
+
+        self.extra_args = extra_args
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.vc_class = vc_class
+        self.branch_name: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RevOptions {self.vc_class.name}: rev={self.rev!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arg_rev(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.rev is None:
+            return self.vc_class.default_arg_rev
+
+        return self.rev
+
+    def to_args(self) -> CommandArgs:
+        """
+        Return the VCS-specific command arguments.
+        """
+        args: CommandArgs = []
+        rev = self.arg_rev
+        if rev is not None:
+            args += self.vc_class.get_base_rev_args(rev)
+        args += self.extra_args
+
+        return args
+
+    def to_display(self) -> str:
+        if not self.rev:
+            return ""
+
+        return f" (to revision {self.rev})"
+
+    def make_new(self, rev: str) -> "RevOptions":
+        """
+        Make a copy of the current instance, but with a new rev.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of the revision for the new object.
+        """
+        return self.vc_class.make_rev_options(rev, extra_args=self.extra_args)
+
+
+class VcsSupport:
+    _registry: Dict[str, "VersionControl"] = {}
+    schemes = ["ssh", "git", "hg", "bzr", "sftp", "svn"]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Register more schemes with urlparse for various version control
+        # systems
+        urllib.parse.uses_netloc.extend(self.schemes)
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return self._registry.__iter__()
+
+    @property
+    def backends(self) -> List["VersionControl"]:
+        return list(self._registry.values())
+
+    @property
+    def dirnames(self) -> List[str]:
+        return [backend.dirname for backend in self.backends]
+
+    @property
+    def all_schemes(self) -> List[str]:
+        schemes: List[str] = []
+        for backend in self.backends:
+            schemes.extend(backend.schemes)
+        return schemes
+
+    def register(self, cls: Type["VersionControl"]) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(cls, "name"):
+            logger.warning("Cannot register VCS %s", cls.__name__)
+            return
+        if cls.name not in self._registry:
+            self._registry[cls.name] = cls()
+            logger.debug("Registered VCS backend: %s", cls.name)
+
+    def unregister(self, name: str) -> None:
+        if name in self._registry:
+            del self._registry[name]
+
+    def get_backend_for_dir(self, location: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object if a repository of that type is found
+        at the given directory.
+        """
+        vcs_backends = {}
+        for vcs_backend in self._registry.values():
+            repo_path = vcs_backend.get_repository_root(location)
+            if not repo_path:
+                continue
+            logger.debug("Determine that %s uses VCS: %s", location, vcs_backend.name)
+            vcs_backends[repo_path] = vcs_backend
+
+        if not vcs_backends:
+            return None
+
+        # Choose the VCS in the inner-most directory. Since all repository
+        # roots found here would be either `location` or one of its
+        # parents, the longest path should have the most path components,
+        # i.e. the backend representing the inner-most repository.
+        inner_most_repo_path = max(vcs_backends, key=len)
+        return vcs_backends[inner_most_repo_path]
+
+    def get_backend_for_scheme(self, scheme: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object or None.
+        """
+        for vcs_backend in self._registry.values():
+            if scheme in vcs_backend.schemes:
+                return vcs_backend
+        return None
+
+    def get_backend(self, name: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object or None.
+        """
+        name = name.lower()
+        return self._registry.get(name)
+
+
+vcs = VcsSupport()
+
+
+class VersionControl:
+    name = ""
+    dirname = ""
+    repo_name = ""
+    # List of supported schemes for this Version Control
+    schemes: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    # Iterable of environment variable names to pass to call_subprocess().
+    unset_environ: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    default_arg_rev: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(cls, remote_url: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the vcs prefix (e.g. "git+") should be added to a
+        repository's remote url when used in a requirement.
+        """
+        return not remote_url.lower().startswith(f"{cls.name}:")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirement_revision(cls, repo_dir: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the revision string that should be used in a requirement.
+        """
+        return cls.get_revision(repo_dir)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_src_requirement(cls, repo_dir: str, project_name: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the requirement string to use to redownload the files
+        currently at the given repository directory.
+
+        Args:
+          project_name: the (unescaped) project name.
+
+        The return value has a form similar to the following:
+
+            {repository_url}@{revision}#egg={project_name}
+        """
+        repo_url = cls.get_remote_url(repo_dir)
+
+        if cls.should_add_vcs_url_prefix(repo_url):
+            repo_url = f"{cls.name}+{repo_url}"
+
+        revision = cls.get_requirement_revision(repo_dir)
+        subdir = cls.get_subdirectory(repo_dir)
+        req = make_vcs_requirement_url(repo_url, revision, project_name, subdir=subdir)
+
+        return req
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        """
+        Return the base revision arguments for a vcs command.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of a revision to install.  Cannot be None.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_immutable_rev_checkout(self, url: str, dest: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if the commit hash checked out at dest matches
+        the revision in url.
+
+        Always return False, if the VCS does not support immutable commit
+        hashes.
+
+        This method does not check if there are local uncommitted changes
+        in dest after checkout, as pip currently has no use case for that.
+        """
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_rev_options(
+        cls, rev: Optional[str] = None, extra_args: Optional[CommandArgs] = None
+    ) -> RevOptions:
+        """
+        Return a RevOptions object.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of a revision to install.
+          extra_args: a list of extra options.
+        """
+        return RevOptions(cls, rev, extra_args=extra_args)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _is_local_repository(cls, repo: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        posix absolute paths start with os.path.sep,
+        win32 ones start with drive (like c:\\folder)
+        """
+        drive, tail = os.path.splitdrive(repo)
+        return repo.startswith(os.path.sep) or bool(drive)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_netloc_and_auth(
+        cls, netloc: str, scheme: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        Parse the repository URL's netloc, and return the new netloc to use
+        along with auth information.
+
+        Args:
+          netloc: the original repository URL netloc.
+          scheme: the repository URL's scheme without the vcs prefix.
+
+        This is mainly for the Subversion class to override, so that auth
+        information can be provided via the --username and --password options
+        instead of through the URL.  For other subclasses like Git without
+        such an option, auth information must stay in the URL.
+
+        Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
+        """
+        return netloc, (None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        """
+        Parse the repository URL to use, and return the URL, revision,
+        and auth info to use.
+
+        Returns: (url, rev, (username, password)).
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, frag = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+        if "+" not in scheme:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Sorry, {url!r} is a malformed VCS url. "
+                "The format is <vcs>+<protocol>://<url>, "
+                "e.g. svn+http://myrepo/svn/MyApp#egg=MyApp"
+            )
+        # Remove the vcs prefix.
+        scheme = scheme.split("+", 1)[1]
+        netloc, user_pass = cls.get_netloc_and_auth(netloc, scheme)
+        rev = None
+        if "@" in path:
+            path, rev = path.rsplit("@", 1)
+            if not rev:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"The URL {url!r} has an empty revision (after @) "
+                    "which is not supported. Include a revision after @ "
+                    "or remove @ from the URL."
+                )
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_rev_args(
+        username: Optional[str], password: Optional[HiddenText]
+    ) -> CommandArgs:
+        """
+        Return the RevOptions "extra arguments" to use in obtain().
+        """
+        return []
+
+    def get_url_rev_options(self, url: HiddenText) -> Tuple[HiddenText, RevOptions]:
+        """
+        Return the URL and RevOptions object to use in obtain(),
+        as a tuple (url, rev_options).
+        """
+        secret_url, rev, user_pass = self.get_url_rev_and_auth(url.secret)
+        username, secret_password = user_pass
+        password: Optional[HiddenText] = None
+        if secret_password is not None:
+            password = hide_value(secret_password)
+        extra_args = self.make_rev_args(username, password)
+        rev_options = self.make_rev_options(rev, extra_args=extra_args)
+
+        return hide_url(secret_url), rev_options
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def normalize_url(url: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize a URL for comparison by unquoting it and removing any
+        trailing slash.
+        """
+        return urllib.parse.unquote(url).rstrip("/")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def compare_urls(cls, url1: str, url2: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Compare two repo URLs for identity, ignoring incidental differences.
+        """
+        return cls.normalize_url(url1) == cls.normalize_url(url2)
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Fetch a revision from a repository, in the case that this is the
+        first fetch from the repository.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the directory to fetch the repository to.
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+          verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        """
+        Switch the repo at ``dest`` to point to ``URL``.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        """
+        Update an already-existing repo to the given ``rev_options``.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the id of the current commit equals the given name.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          name: a string name.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def obtain(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, verbosity: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Install or update in editable mode the package represented by this
+        VersionControl object.
+
+        :param dest: the repository directory in which to install or update.
+        :param url: the repository URL starting with a vcs prefix.
+        :param verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        url, rev_options = self.get_url_rev_options(url)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(dest):
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        if self.is_repository_directory(dest):
+            existing_url = self.get_remote_url(dest)
+            if self.compare_urls(existing_url, url.secret):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "%s in %s exists, and has correct URL (%s)",
+                    self.repo_name.title(),
+                    display_path(dest),
+                    url,
+                )
+                if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Updating %s %s%s",
+                        display_path(dest),
+                        self.repo_name,
+                        rev_display,
+                    )
+                    self.update(dest, url, rev_options)
+                else:
+                    logger.info("Skipping because already up-to-date.")
+                return
+
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s %s in %s exists with URL %s",
+                self.name,
+                self.repo_name,
+                display_path(dest),
+                existing_url,
+            )
+            prompt = ("(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup ", ("s", "i", "w", "b"))
+        else:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Directory %s already exists, and is not a %s %s.",
+                dest,
+                self.name,
+                self.repo_name,
+            )
+            # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1174
+            prompt = ("(i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup ", ("i", "w", "b"))  # type: ignore
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "The plan is to install the %s repository %s",
+            self.name,
+            url,
+        )
+        response = ask_path_exists(f"What to do?  {prompt[0]}", prompt[1])
+
+        if response == "a":
+            sys.exit(-1)
+
+        if response == "w":
+            logger.warning("Deleting %s", display_path(dest))
+            rmtree(dest)
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        if response == "b":
+            dest_dir = backup_dir(dest)
+            logger.warning("Backing up %s to %s", display_path(dest), dest_dir)
+            shutil.move(dest, dest_dir)
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        # Do nothing if the response is "i".
+        if response == "s":
+            logger.info(
+                "Switching %s %s to %s%s",
+                self.repo_name,
+                display_path(dest),
+                url,
+                rev_display,
+            )
+            self.switch(dest, url, rev_options)
+
+    def unpack(self, location: str, url: HiddenText, verbosity: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Clean up current location and download the url repository
+        (and vcs infos) into location
+
+        :param url: the repository URL starting with a vcs prefix.
+        :param verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        if os.path.exists(location):
+            rmtree(location)
+        self.obtain(location, url=url, verbosity=verbosity)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the url used at location
+
+        Raises RemoteNotFoundError if the repository does not have a remote
+        url configured.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the current commit id of the files at the given location.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_command(
+        cls,
+        cmd: Union[List[str], CommandArgs],
+        show_stdout: bool = True,
+        cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+        on_returncode: 'Literal["raise", "warn", "ignore"]' = "raise",
+        extra_ok_returncodes: Optional[Iterable[int]] = None,
+        command_desc: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+        spinner: Optional[SpinnerInterface] = None,
+        log_failed_cmd: bool = True,
+        stdout_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Run a VCS subcommand
+        This is simply a wrapper around call_subprocess that adds the VCS
+        command name, and checks that the VCS is available
+        """
+        cmd = make_command(cls.name, *cmd)
+        if command_desc is None:
+            command_desc = format_command_args(cmd)
+        try:
+            return call_subprocess(
+                cmd,
+                show_stdout,
+                cwd,
+                on_returncode=on_returncode,
+                extra_ok_returncodes=extra_ok_returncodes,
+                command_desc=command_desc,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+                unset_environ=cls.unset_environ,
+                spinner=spinner,
+                log_failed_cmd=log_failed_cmd,
+                stdout_only=stdout_only,
+            )
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            # errno.ENOENT = no such file or directory
+            # In other words, the VCS executable isn't available
+            raise BadCommand(
+                f"Cannot find command {cls.name!r} - do you have "
+                f"{cls.name!r} installed and in your PATH?"
+            )
+        except PermissionError:
+            # errno.EACCES = Permission denied
+            # This error occurs, for instance, when the command is installed
+            # only for another user. So, the current user don't have
+            # permission to call the other user command.
+            raise BadCommand(
+                f"No permission to execute {cls.name!r} - install it "
+                f"locally, globally (ask admin), or check your PATH. "
+                f"See possible solutions at "
+                f"https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/reference/pip_freeze/"
+                f"#fixing-permission-denied."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_repository_directory(cls, path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether a directory path is a repository directory.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Checking in %s for %s (%s)...", path, cls.dirname, cls.name)
+        return os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, cls.dirname))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the "root" (top-level) directory controlled by the vcs,
+        or `None` if the directory is not in any.
+
+        It is meant to be overridden to implement smarter detection
+        mechanisms for specific vcs.
+
+        This can do more than is_repository_directory() alone. For
+        example, the Git override checks that Git is actually available.
+        """
+        if cls.is_repository_directory(location):
+            return location
+        return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1debe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+"""Orchestrator for building wheels from InstallRequirements.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name, canonicalize_version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.metadata import FilesystemWheel, get_wheel_distribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel import build_wheel_pep517
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_editable import build_wheel_editable
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_legacy import build_wheel_legacy
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, hash_file
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_clean_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_egg_info_re = re.compile(r"([a-z0-9_.]+)-([a-z0-9_.!+-]+)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+BuildResult = Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], List[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def _contains_egg_info(s: str) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether the string looks like an egg_info.
+
+    :param s: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
+    """
+    return bool(_egg_info_re.search(s))
+
+
+def _should_build(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    need_wheel: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """Return whether an InstallRequirement should be built into a wheel."""
+    if req.constraint:
+        # never build requirements that are merely constraints
+        return False
+    if req.is_wheel:
+        if need_wheel:
+            logger.info(
+                "Skipping %s, due to already being wheel.",
+                req.name,
+            )
+        return False
+
+    if need_wheel:
+        # i.e. pip wheel, not pip install
+        return True
+
+    # From this point, this concerns the pip install command only
+    # (need_wheel=False).
+
+    if not req.source_dir:
+        return False
+
+    if req.editable:
+        # we only build PEP 660 editable requirements
+        return req.supports_pyproject_editable()
+
+    return True
+
+
+def should_build_for_wheel_command(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> bool:
+    return _should_build(req, need_wheel=True)
+
+
+def should_build_for_install_command(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> bool:
+    return _should_build(req, need_wheel=False)
+
+
+def _should_cache(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> Optional[bool]:
+    """
+    Return whether a built InstallRequirement can be stored in the persistent
+    wheel cache, assuming the wheel cache is available, and _should_build()
+    has determined a wheel needs to be built.
+    """
+    if req.editable or not req.source_dir:
+        # never cache editable requirements
+        return False
+
+    if req.link and req.link.is_vcs:
+        # VCS checkout. Do not cache
+        # unless it points to an immutable commit hash.
+        assert not req.editable
+        assert req.source_dir
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(req.link.scheme)
+        assert vcs_backend
+        if vcs_backend.is_immutable_rev_checkout(req.link.url, req.source_dir):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    assert req.link
+    base, ext = req.link.splitext()
+    if _contains_egg_info(base):
+        return True
+
+    # Otherwise, do not cache.
+    return False
+
+
+def _get_cache_dir(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    wheel_cache: WheelCache,
+) -> str:
+    """Return the persistent or temporary cache directory where the built
+    wheel need to be stored.
+    """
+    cache_available = bool(wheel_cache.cache_dir)
+    assert req.link
+    if cache_available and _should_cache(req):
+        cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(req.link)
+    else:
+        cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_ephem_path_for_link(req.link)
+    return cache_dir
+
+
+def _verify_one(req: InstallRequirement, wheel_path: str) -> None:
+    canonical_name = canonicalize_name(req.name or "")
+    w = Wheel(os.path.basename(wheel_path))
+    if canonicalize_name(w.name) != canonical_name:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Wheel has unexpected file name: expected {canonical_name!r}, "
+            f"got {w.name!r}",
+        )
+    dist = get_wheel_distribution(FilesystemWheel(wheel_path), canonical_name)
+    dist_verstr = str(dist.version)
+    if canonicalize_version(dist_verstr) != canonicalize_version(w.version):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Wheel has unexpected file name: expected {dist_verstr!r}, "
+            f"got {w.version!r}",
+        )
+    metadata_version_value = dist.metadata_version
+    if metadata_version_value is None:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel("Missing Metadata-Version")
+    try:
+        metadata_version = Version(metadata_version_value)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        msg = f"Invalid Metadata-Version: {metadata_version_value}"
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+    if metadata_version >= Version("1.2") and not isinstance(dist.version, Version):
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            f"Metadata 1.2 mandates PEP 440 version, but {dist_verstr!r} is not"
+        )
+
+
+def _build_one(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    output_dir: str,
+    verify: bool,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+    editable: bool,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one wheel.
+
+    :return: The filename of the built wheel, or None if the build failed.
+    """
+    artifact = "editable" if editable else "wheel"
+    try:
+        ensure_dir(output_dir)
+    except OSError as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Building %s for %s failed: %s",
+            artifact,
+            req.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Install build deps into temporary directory (PEP 518)
+    with req.build_env:
+        wheel_path = _build_one_inside_env(
+            req, output_dir, build_options, global_options, editable
+        )
+    if wheel_path and verify:
+        try:
+            _verify_one(req, wheel_path)
+        except (InvalidWheelFilename, UnsupportedWheel) as e:
+            logger.warning("Built %s for %s is invalid: %s", artifact, req.name, e)
+            return None
+    return wheel_path
+
+
+def _build_one_inside_env(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    output_dir: str,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+    editable: bool,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    with TempDirectory(kind="wheel") as temp_dir:
+        assert req.name
+        if req.use_pep517:
+            assert req.metadata_directory
+            assert req.pep517_backend
+            if global_options:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring --global-option when building %s using PEP 517", req.name
+                )
+            if build_options:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring --build-option when building %s using PEP 517", req.name
+                )
+            if editable:
+                wheel_path = build_wheel_editable(
+                    name=req.name,
+                    backend=req.pep517_backend,
+                    metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
+                    tempd=temp_dir.path,
+                )
+            else:
+                wheel_path = build_wheel_pep517(
+                    name=req.name,
+                    backend=req.pep517_backend,
+                    metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
+                    tempd=temp_dir.path,
+                )
+        else:
+            wheel_path = build_wheel_legacy(
+                name=req.name,
+                setup_py_path=req.setup_py_path,
+                source_dir=req.unpacked_source_directory,
+                global_options=global_options,
+                build_options=build_options,
+                tempd=temp_dir.path,
+            )
+
+        if wheel_path is not None:
+            wheel_name = os.path.basename(wheel_path)
+            dest_path = os.path.join(output_dir, wheel_name)
+            try:
+                wheel_hash, length = hash_file(wheel_path)
+                shutil.move(wheel_path, dest_path)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Created wheel for %s: filename=%s size=%d sha256=%s",
+                    req.name,
+                    wheel_name,
+                    length,
+                    wheel_hash.hexdigest(),
+                )
+                logger.info("Stored in directory: %s", output_dir)
+                return dest_path
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
+                    req.name,
+                    e,
+                )
+        # Ignore return, we can't do anything else useful.
+        if not req.use_pep517:
+            _clean_one_legacy(req, global_options)
+        return None
+
+
+def _clean_one_legacy(req: InstallRequirement, global_options: List[str]) -> bool:
+    clean_args = make_setuptools_clean_args(
+        req.setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+    )
+
+    logger.info("Running setup.py clean for %s", req.name)
+    try:
+        call_subprocess(
+            clean_args, command_desc="python setup.py clean", cwd=req.source_dir
+        )
+        return True
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed cleaning build dir for %s", req.name)
+        return False
+
+
+def build(
+    requirements: Iterable[InstallRequirement],
+    wheel_cache: WheelCache,
+    verify: bool,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+) -> BuildResult:
+    """Build wheels.
+
+    :return: The list of InstallRequirement that succeeded to build and
+        the list of InstallRequirement that failed to build.
+    """
+    if not requirements:
+        return [], []
+
+    # Build the wheels.
+    logger.info(
+        "Building wheels for collected packages: %s",
+        ", ".join(req.name for req in requirements),  # type: ignore
+    )
+
+    with indent_log():
+        build_successes, build_failures = [], []
+        for req in requirements:
+            assert req.name
+            cache_dir = _get_cache_dir(req, wheel_cache)
+            wheel_file = _build_one(
+                req,
+                cache_dir,
+                verify,
+                build_options,
+                global_options,
+                req.editable and req.permit_editable_wheels,
+            )
+            if wheel_file:
+                # Record the download origin in the cache
+                if req.download_info is not None:
+                    # download_info is guaranteed to be set because when we build an
+                    # InstallRequirement it has been through the preparer before, but
+                    # let's be cautious.
+                    wheel_cache.record_download_origin(cache_dir, req.download_info)
+                # Update the link for this.
+                req.link = Link(path_to_url(wheel_file))
+                req.local_file_path = req.link.file_path
+                assert req.link.is_wheel
+                build_successes.append(req)
+            else:
+                build_failures.append(req)
+
+    # notify success/failure
+    if build_successes:
+        logger.info(
+            "Successfully built %s",
+            " ".join([req.name for req in build_successes]),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    if build_failures:
+        logger.info(
+            "Failed to build %s",
+            " ".join([req.name for req in build_failures]),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    # Return a list of requirements that failed to build
+    return build_successes, build_failures
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1884ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""
+pip._vendor is for vendoring dependencies of pip to prevent needing pip to
+depend on something external.
+
+Files inside of pip._vendor should be considered immutable and should only be
+updated to versions from upstream.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import glob
+import os.path
+import sys
+
+# Downstream redistributors which have debundled our dependencies should also
+# patch this value to be true. This will trigger the additional patching
+# to cause things like "six" to be available as pip.
+DEBUNDLED = False
+
+# By default, look in this directory for a bunch of .whl files which we will
+# add to the beginning of sys.path before attempting to import anything. This
+# is done to support downstream re-distributors like Debian and Fedora who
+# wish to create their own Wheels for our dependencies to aid in debundling.
+WHEEL_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+# Define a small helper function to alias our vendored modules to the real ones
+# if the vendored ones do not exist. This idea of this was taken from
+# https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/pull/2567.
+def vendored(modulename):
+    vendored_name = "{0}.{1}".format(__name__, modulename)
+
+    try:
+        __import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
+    except ImportError:
+        # We can just silently allow import failures to pass here. If we
+        # got to this point it means that ``import pip._vendor.whatever``
+        # failed and so did ``import whatever``. Since we're importing this
+        # upfront in an attempt to alias imports, not erroring here will
+        # just mean we get a regular import error whenever pip *actually*
+        # tries to import one of these modules to use it, which actually
+        # gives us a better error message than we would have otherwise
+        # gotten.
+        pass
+    else:
+        sys.modules[vendored_name] = sys.modules[modulename]
+        base, head = vendored_name.rsplit(".", 1)
+        setattr(sys.modules[base], head, sys.modules[modulename])
+
+
+# If we're operating in a debundled setup, then we want to go ahead and trigger
+# the aliasing of our vendored libraries as well as looking for wheels to add
+# to our sys.path. This will cause all of this code to be a no-op typically
+# however downstream redistributors can enable it in a consistent way across
+# all platforms.
+if DEBUNDLED:
+    # Actually look inside of WHEEL_DIR to find .whl files and add them to the
+    # front of our sys.path.
+    sys.path[:] = glob.glob(os.path.join(WHEEL_DIR, "*.whl")) + sys.path
+
+    # Actually alias all of our vendored dependencies.
+    vendored("cachecontrol")
+    vendored("certifi")
+    vendored("colorama")
+    vendored("distlib")
+    vendored("distro")
+    vendored("six")
+    vendored("six.moves")
+    vendored("six.moves.urllib")
+    vendored("six.moves.urllib.parse")
+    vendored("packaging")
+    vendored("packaging.version")
+    vendored("packaging.specifiers")
+    vendored("pep517")
+    vendored("pkg_resources")
+    vendored("platformdirs")
+    vendored("progress")
+    vendored("requests")
+    vendored("requests.exceptions")
+    vendored("requests.packages")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3._collections")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.connection")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.fields")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.filepost")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ordered_dict")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.six")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname."
+             "_implementation")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.request")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.response")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.connection")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.request")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.response")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.retry")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.timeout")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.url")
+    vendored("resolvelib")
+    vendored("rich")
+    vendored("rich.console")
+    vendored("rich.highlighter")
+    vendored("rich.logging")
+    vendored("rich.markup")
+    vendored("rich.progress")
+    vendored("rich.segment")
+    vendored("rich.style")
+    vendored("rich.text")
+    vendored("rich.traceback")
+    vendored("tenacity")
+    vendored("tomli")
+    vendored("truststore")
+    vendored("urllib3")
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d20bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""CacheControl import Interface.
+
+Make it easy to import from cachecontrol without long namespaces.
+"""
+__author__ = "Eric Larson"
+__email__ = "eric@ionrock.org"
+__version__ = "0.13.1"
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.wrapper import CacheControl
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__version__",
+    "CacheControlAdapter",
+    "CacheController",
+    "CacheControl",
+]
+
+import logging
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c84208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor import requests
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import logger
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from argparse import Namespace
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+
+
+def setup_logging() -> None:
+    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+
+
+def get_session() -> requests.Session:
+    adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
+        DictCache(), cache_etags=True, serializer=None, heuristic=None
+    )
+    sess = requests.Session()
+    sess.mount("http://", adapter)
+    sess.mount("https://", adapter)
+
+    sess.cache_controller = adapter.controller  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    return sess
+
+
+def get_args() -> Namespace:
+    parser = ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("url", help="The URL to try and cache")
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    args = get_args()
+    sess = get_session()
+
+    # Make a request to get a response
+    resp = sess.get(args.url)
+
+    # Turn on logging
+    setup_logging()
+
+    # try setting the cache
+    cache_controller: CacheController = (
+        sess.cache_controller  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    )
+    cache_controller.cache_response(resp.request, resp.raw)
+
+    # Now try to get it
+    if cache_controller.cached_request(resp.request):
+        print("Cached!")
+    else:
+        print("Not cached :(")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e83e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import types
+import zlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Collection, Mapping
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES, CacheController
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.filewrapper import CallbackFileWrapper
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest, Response
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.heuristics import BaseHeuristic
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+
+class CacheControlAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    invalidating_methods = {"PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+        cache_etags: bool = True,
+        controller_class: type[CacheController] | None = None,
+        serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+        heuristic: BaseHeuristic | None = None,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+        self.cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+        self.heuristic = heuristic
+        self.cacheable_methods = cacheable_methods or ("GET",)
+
+        controller_factory = controller_class or CacheController
+        self.controller = controller_factory(
+            self.cache, cache_etags=cache_etags, serializer=serializer
+        )
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: None | float | tuple[float, float] | tuple[float, None] = None,
+        verify: bool | str = True,
+        cert: (None | bytes | str | tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str]) = None,
+        proxies: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request. Use the request information to see if it
+        exists in the cache and cache the response if we need to and can.
+        """
+        cacheable = cacheable_methods or self.cacheable_methods
+        if request.method in cacheable:
+            try:
+                cached_response = self.controller.cached_request(request)
+            except zlib.error:
+                cached_response = None
+            if cached_response:
+                return self.build_response(request, cached_response, from_cache=True)
+
+            # check for etags and add headers if appropriate
+            request.headers.update(self.controller.conditional_headers(request))
+
+        resp = super().send(request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
+
+        return resp
+
+    def build_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        from_cache: bool = False,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build a response by making a request or using the cache.
+
+        This will end up calling send and returning a potentially
+        cached response
+        """
+        cacheable = cacheable_methods or self.cacheable_methods
+        if not from_cache and request.method in cacheable:
+            # Check for any heuristics that might update headers
+            # before trying to cache.
+            if self.heuristic:
+                response = self.heuristic.apply(response)
+
+            # apply any expiration heuristics
+            if response.status == 304:
+                # We must have sent an ETag request. This could mean
+                # that we've been expired already or that we simply
+                # have an etag. In either case, we want to try and
+                # update the cache if that is the case.
+                cached_response = self.controller.update_cached_response(
+                    request, response
+                )
+
+                if cached_response is not response:
+                    from_cache = True
+
+                # We are done with the server response, read a
+                # possible response body (compliant servers will
+                # not return one, but we cannot be 100% sure) and
+                # release the connection back to the pool.
+                response.read(decode_content=False)
+                response.release_conn()
+
+                response = cached_response
+
+            # We always cache the 301 responses
+            elif int(response.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+                self.controller.cache_response(request, response)
+            else:
+                # Wrap the response file with a wrapper that will cache the
+                #   response when the stream has been consumed.
+                response._fp = CallbackFileWrapper(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                    response._fp,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                    functools.partial(
+                        self.controller.cache_response, request, response
+                    ),
+                )
+                if response.chunked:
+                    super_update_chunk_length = response._update_chunk_length  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+                    def _update_chunk_length(self: HTTPResponse) -> None:
+                        super_update_chunk_length()
+                        if self.chunk_left == 0:
+                            self._fp._close()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+                    response._update_chunk_length = types.MethodType(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                        _update_chunk_length, response
+                    )
+
+        resp: Response = super().build_response(request, response)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+
+        # See if we should invalidate the cache.
+        if request.method in self.invalidating_methods and resp.ok:
+            assert request.url is not None
+            cache_url = self.controller.cache_url(request.url)
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+
+        # Give the request a from_cache attr to let people use it
+        resp.from_cache = from_cache  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self.cache.close()
+        super().close()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3293b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""
+The cache object API for implementing caches. The default is a thread
+safe in-memory dictionary.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from threading import Lock
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, MutableMapping
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class BaseCache:
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class DictCache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, init_dict: MutableMapping[str, bytes] | None = None) -> None:
+        self.lock = Lock()
+        self.data = init_dict or {}
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        return self.data.get(key, None)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        with self.lock:
+            self.data.update({key: value})
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        with self.lock:
+            if key in self.data:
+                self.data.pop(key)
+
+
+class SeparateBodyBaseCache(BaseCache):
+    """
+    In this variant, the body is not stored mixed in with the metadata, but is
+    passed in (as a bytes-like object) in a separate call to ``set_body()``.
+
+    That is, the expected interaction pattern is::
+
+        cache.set(key, serialized_metadata)
+        cache.set_body(key)
+
+    Similarly, the body should be loaded separately via ``get_body()``.
+    """
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> IO[bytes] | None:
+        """
+        Return the body as file-like object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24ff469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches.file_cache import FileCache, SeparateBodyFileCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches.redis_cache import RedisCache
+
+__all__ = ["FileCache", "SeparateBodyFileCache", "RedisCache"]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/file_cache.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/file_cache.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/redis_cache.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/redis_cache.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd2801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache, SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    from filelock import BaseFileLock
+
+
+def _secure_open_write(filename: str, fmode: int) -> IO[bytes]:
+    # We only want to write to this file, so open it in write only mode
+    flags = os.O_WRONLY
+
+    # os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL will fail if the file already exists, so we only
+    #  will open *new* files.
+    # We specify this because we want to ensure that the mode we pass is the
+    # mode of the file.
+    flags |= os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    # Do not follow symlinks to prevent someone from making a symlink that
+    # we follow and insecurely open a cache file.
+    if hasattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW"):
+        flags |= os.O_NOFOLLOW
+
+    # On Windows we'll mark this file as binary
+    if hasattr(os, "O_BINARY"):
+        flags |= os.O_BINARY
+
+    # Before we open our file, we want to delete any existing file that is
+    # there
+    try:
+        os.remove(filename)
+    except OSError:
+        # The file must not exist already, so we can just skip ahead to opening
+        pass
+
+    # Open our file, the use of os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL will ensure that if a
+    # race condition happens between the os.remove and this line, that an
+    # error will be raised. Because we utilize a lockfile this should only
+    # happen if someone is attempting to attack us.
+    fd = os.open(filename, flags, fmode)
+    try:
+        return os.fdopen(fd, "wb")
+
+    except:
+        # An error occurred wrapping our FD in a file object
+        os.close(fd)
+        raise
+
+
+class _FileCacheMixin:
+    """Shared implementation for both FileCache variants."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str,
+        forever: bool = False,
+        filemode: int = 0o0600,
+        dirmode: int = 0o0700,
+        lock_class: type[BaseFileLock] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            if lock_class is None:
+                from filelock import FileLock
+
+                lock_class = FileLock
+        except ImportError:
+            notice = dedent(
+                """
+            NOTE: In order to use the FileCache you must have
+            filelock installed. You can install it via pip:
+              pip install filelock
+            """
+            )
+            raise ImportError(notice)
+
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.forever = forever
+        self.filemode = filemode
+        self.dirmode = dirmode
+        self.lock_class = lock_class
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode(x: str) -> str:
+        return hashlib.sha224(x.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def _fn(self, name: str) -> str:
+        # NOTE: This method should not change as some may depend on it.
+        #       See: https://github.com/ionrock/cachecontrol/issues/63
+        hashed = self.encode(name)
+        parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        name = self._fn(key)
+        try:
+            with open(name, "rb") as fh:
+                return fh.read()
+
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key)
+        self._write(name, value)
+
+    def _write(self, path: str, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Safely write the data to the given path.
+        """
+        # Make sure the directory exists
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), self.dirmode)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        with self.lock_class(path + ".lock"):
+            # Write our actual file
+            with _secure_open_write(path, self.filemode) as fh:
+                fh.write(data)
+
+    def _delete(self, key: str, suffix: str) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + suffix
+        if not self.forever:
+            try:
+                os.remove(name)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+
+class FileCache(_FileCacheMixin, BaseCache):
+    """
+    Traditional FileCache: body is stored in memory, so not suitable for large
+    downloads.
+    """
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._delete(key, "")
+
+
+class SeparateBodyFileCache(_FileCacheMixin, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+    """
+    Memory-efficient FileCache: body is stored in a separate file, reducing
+    peak memory usage.
+    """
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> IO[bytes] | None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + ".body"
+        try:
+            return open(name, "rb")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + ".body"
+        self._write(name, body)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._delete(key, "")
+        self._delete(key, ".body")
+
+
+def url_to_file_path(url: str, filecache: FileCache) -> str:
+    """Return the file cache path based on the URL.
+
+    This does not ensure the file exists!
+    """
+    key = CacheController.cache_url(url)
+    return filecache._fn(key)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f68c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from redis import Redis
+
+
+class RedisCache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, conn: Redis[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.conn = conn
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        return self.conn.get(key)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if not expires:
+            self.conn.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(expires, datetime):
+            now_utc = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+            if expires.tzinfo is None:
+                now_utc = now_utc.replace(tzinfo=None)
+            delta = expires - now_utc
+            self.conn.setex(key, int(delta.total_seconds()), value)
+        else:
+            self.conn.setex(key, expires, value)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self.conn.delete(key)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Helper for clearing all the keys in a database. Use with
+        caution!"""
+        for key in self.conn.keys():
+            self.conn.delete(key)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Redis uses connection pooling, no need to close the connection."""
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..586b9f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""
+The httplib2 algorithms ported for use with requests.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+from email.utils import parsedate_tz
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Mapping
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache, SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+URI = re.compile(r"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?")
+
+PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES = (301, 308)
+
+
+def parse_uri(uri: str) -> tuple[str, str, str, str, str]:
+    """Parses a URI using the regex given in Appendix B of RFC 3986.
+
+    (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
+    """
+    match = URI.match(uri)
+    assert match is not None
+    groups = match.groups()
+    return (groups[1], groups[3], groups[4], groups[6], groups[8])
+
+
+class CacheController:
+    """An interface to see if request should cached or not."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+        cache_etags: bool = True,
+        serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+        status_codes: Collection[int] | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+        self.cache_etags = cache_etags
+        self.serializer = serializer or Serializer()
+        self.cacheable_status_codes = status_codes or (200, 203, 300, 301, 308)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _urlnorm(cls, uri: str) -> str:
+        """Normalize the URL to create a safe key for the cache"""
+        (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
+        if not scheme or not authority:
+            raise Exception("Only absolute URIs are allowed. uri = %s" % uri)
+
+        scheme = scheme.lower()
+        authority = authority.lower()
+
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        # Could do syntax based normalization of the URI before
+        # computing the digest. See Section 6.2.2 of Std 66.
+        request_uri = query and "?".join([path, query]) or path
+        defrag_uri = scheme + "://" + authority + request_uri
+
+        return defrag_uri
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cache_url(cls, uri: str) -> str:
+        return cls._urlnorm(uri)
+
+    def parse_cache_control(self, headers: Mapping[str, str]) -> dict[str, int | None]:
+        known_directives = {
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.2
+            "max-age": (int, True),
+            "max-stale": (int, False),
+            "min-fresh": (int, True),
+            "no-cache": (None, False),
+            "no-store": (None, False),
+            "no-transform": (None, False),
+            "only-if-cached": (None, False),
+            "must-revalidate": (None, False),
+            "public": (None, False),
+            "private": (None, False),
+            "proxy-revalidate": (None, False),
+            "s-maxage": (int, True),
+        }
+
+        cc_headers = headers.get("cache-control", headers.get("Cache-Control", ""))
+
+        retval: dict[str, int | None] = {}
+
+        for cc_directive in cc_headers.split(","):
+            if not cc_directive.strip():
+                continue
+
+            parts = cc_directive.split("=", 1)
+            directive = parts[0].strip()
+
+            try:
+                typ, required = known_directives[directive]
+            except KeyError:
+                logger.debug("Ignoring unknown cache-control directive: %s", directive)
+                continue
+
+            if not typ or not required:
+                retval[directive] = None
+            if typ:
+                try:
+                    retval[directive] = typ(parts[1].strip())
+                except IndexError:
+                    if required:
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "Missing value for cache-control " "directive: %s",
+                            directive,
+                        )
+                except ValueError:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Invalid value for cache-control directive " "%s, must be %s",
+                        directive,
+                        typ.__name__,
+                    )
+
+        return retval
+
+    def _load_from_cache(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Load a cached response, or return None if it's not available.
+        """
+        cache_url = request.url
+        assert cache_url is not None
+        cache_data = self.cache.get(cache_url)
+        if cache_data is None:
+            logger.debug("No cache entry available")
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.cache, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+            body_file = self.cache.get_body(cache_url)
+        else:
+            body_file = None
+
+        result = self.serializer.loads(request, cache_data, body_file)
+        if result is None:
+            logger.warning("Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored")
+        return result
+
+    def cached_request(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> HTTPResponse | Literal[False]:
+        """
+        Return a cached response if it exists in the cache, otherwise
+        return False.
+        """
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        logger.debug('Looking up "%s" in the cache', cache_url)
+        cc = self.parse_cache_control(request.headers)
+
+        # Bail out if the request insists on fresh data
+        if "no-cache" in cc:
+            logger.debug('Request header has "no-cache", cache bypassed')
+            return False
+
+        if "max-age" in cc and cc["max-age"] == 0:
+            logger.debug('Request header has "max_age" as 0, cache bypassed')
+            return False
+
+        # Check whether we can load the response from the cache:
+        resp = self._load_from_cache(request)
+        if not resp:
+            return False
+
+        # If we have a cached permanent redirect, return it immediately. We
+        # don't need to test our response for other headers b/c it is
+        # intrinsically "cacheable" as it is Permanent.
+        #
+        # See:
+        #   https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.2
+        #
+        # Client can try to refresh the value by repeating the request
+        # with cache busting headers as usual (ie no-cache).
+        if int(resp.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            msg = (
+                "Returning cached permanent redirect response "
+                "(ignoring date and etag information)"
+            )
+            logger.debug(msg)
+            return resp
+
+        headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(resp.headers)
+        if not headers or "date" not in headers:
+            if "etag" not in headers:
+                # Without date or etag, the cached response can never be used
+                # and should be deleted.
+                logger.debug("Purging cached response: no date or etag")
+                self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+            logger.debug("Ignoring cached response: no date")
+            return False
+
+        now = time.time()
+        time_tuple = parsedate_tz(headers["date"])
+        assert time_tuple is not None
+        date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        current_age = max(0, now - date)
+        logger.debug("Current age based on date: %i", current_age)
+
+        # TODO: There is an assumption that the result will be a
+        #       urllib3 response object. This may not be best since we
+        #       could probably avoid instantiating or constructing the
+        #       response until we know we need it.
+        resp_cc = self.parse_cache_control(headers)
+
+        # determine freshness
+        freshness_lifetime = 0
+
+        # Check the max-age pragma in the cache control header
+        max_age = resp_cc.get("max-age")
+        if max_age is not None:
+            freshness_lifetime = max_age
+            logger.debug("Freshness lifetime from max-age: %i", freshness_lifetime)
+
+        # If there isn't a max-age, check for an expires header
+        elif "expires" in headers:
+            expires = parsedate_tz(headers["expires"])
+            if expires is not None:
+                expire_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+                freshness_lifetime = max(0, expire_time)
+                logger.debug("Freshness lifetime from expires: %i", freshness_lifetime)
+
+        # Determine if we are setting freshness limit in the
+        # request. Note, this overrides what was in the response.
+        max_age = cc.get("max-age")
+        if max_age is not None:
+            freshness_lifetime = max_age
+            logger.debug(
+                "Freshness lifetime from request max-age: %i", freshness_lifetime
+            )
+
+        min_fresh = cc.get("min-fresh")
+        if min_fresh is not None:
+            # adjust our current age by our min fresh
+            current_age += min_fresh
+            logger.debug("Adjusted current age from min-fresh: %i", current_age)
+
+        # Return entry if it is fresh enough
+        if freshness_lifetime > current_age:
+            logger.debug('The response is "fresh", returning cached response')
+            logger.debug("%i > %i", freshness_lifetime, current_age)
+            return resp
+
+        # we're not fresh. If we don't have an Etag, clear it out
+        if "etag" not in headers:
+            logger.debug('The cached response is "stale" with no etag, purging')
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+
+        # return the original handler
+        return False
+
+    def conditional_headers(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
+        resp = self._load_from_cache(request)
+        new_headers = {}
+
+        if resp:
+            headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(resp.headers)
+
+            if "etag" in headers:
+                new_headers["If-None-Match"] = headers["ETag"]
+
+            if "last-modified" in headers:
+                new_headers["If-Modified-Since"] = headers["Last-Modified"]
+
+        return new_headers
+
+    def _cache_set(
+        self,
+        cache_url: str,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+        expires_time: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Store the data in the cache.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.cache, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+            # We pass in the body separately; just put a placeholder empty
+            # string in the metadata.
+            self.cache.set(
+                cache_url,
+                self.serializer.dumps(request, response, b""),
+                expires=expires_time,
+            )
+            # body is None can happen when, for example, we're only updating
+            # headers, as is the case in update_cached_response().
+            if body is not None:
+                self.cache.set_body(cache_url, body)
+        else:
+            self.cache.set(
+                cache_url,
+                self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body),
+                expires=expires_time,
+            )
+
+    def cache_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+        status_codes: Collection[int] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Algorithm for caching requests.
+
+        This assumes a requests Response object.
+        """
+        # From httplib2: Don't cache 206's since we aren't going to
+        #                handle byte range requests
+        cacheable_status_codes = status_codes or self.cacheable_status_codes
+        if response.status not in cacheable_status_codes:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Status code %s not in %s", response.status, cacheable_status_codes
+            )
+            return
+
+        response_headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            response.headers
+        )
+
+        if "date" in response_headers:
+            time_tuple = parsedate_tz(response_headers["date"])
+            assert time_tuple is not None
+            date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        else:
+            date = 0
+
+        # If we've been given a body, our response has a Content-Length, that
+        # Content-Length is valid then we can check to see if the body we've
+        # been given matches the expected size, and if it doesn't we'll just
+        # skip trying to cache it.
+        if (
+            body is not None
+            and "content-length" in response_headers
+            and response_headers["content-length"].isdigit()
+            and int(response_headers["content-length"]) != len(body)
+        ):
+            return
+
+        cc_req = self.parse_cache_control(request.headers)
+        cc = self.parse_cache_control(response_headers)
+
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        logger.debug('Updating cache with response from "%s"', cache_url)
+
+        # Delete it from the cache if we happen to have it stored there
+        no_store = False
+        if "no-store" in cc:
+            no_store = True
+            logger.debug('Response header has "no-store"')
+        if "no-store" in cc_req:
+            no_store = True
+            logger.debug('Request header has "no-store"')
+        if no_store and self.cache.get(cache_url):
+            logger.debug('Purging existing cache entry to honor "no-store"')
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+        if no_store:
+            return
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.1:
+        # A Vary header field-value of "*" always fails to match.
+        # Storing such a response leads to a deserialization warning
+        # during cache lookup and is not allowed to ever be served,
+        # so storing it can be avoided.
+        if "*" in response_headers.get("vary", ""):
+            logger.debug('Response header has "Vary: *"')
+            return
+
+        # If we've been given an etag, then keep the response
+        if self.cache_etags and "etag" in response_headers:
+            expires_time = 0
+            if response_headers.get("expires"):
+                expires = parsedate_tz(response_headers["expires"])
+                if expires is not None:
+                    expires_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+
+            expires_time = max(expires_time, 14 * 86400)
+
+            logger.debug(f"etag object cached for {expires_time} seconds")
+            logger.debug("Caching due to etag")
+            self._cache_set(cache_url, request, response, body, expires_time)
+
+        # Add to the cache any permanent redirects. We do this before looking
+        # that the Date headers.
+        elif int(response.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            logger.debug("Caching permanent redirect")
+            self._cache_set(cache_url, request, response, b"")
+
+        # Add to the cache if the response headers demand it. If there
+        # is no date header then we can't do anything about expiring
+        # the cache.
+        elif "date" in response_headers:
+            time_tuple = parsedate_tz(response_headers["date"])
+            assert time_tuple is not None
+            date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+            # cache when there is a max-age > 0
+            max_age = cc.get("max-age")
+            if max_age is not None and max_age > 0:
+                logger.debug("Caching b/c date exists and max-age > 0")
+                expires_time = max_age
+                self._cache_set(
+                    cache_url,
+                    request,
+                    response,
+                    body,
+                    expires_time,
+                )
+
+            # If the request can expire, it means we should cache it
+            # in the meantime.
+            elif "expires" in response_headers:
+                if response_headers["expires"]:
+                    expires = parsedate_tz(response_headers["expires"])
+                    if expires is not None:
+                        expires_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+                    else:
+                        expires_time = None
+
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Caching b/c of expires header. expires in {} seconds".format(
+                            expires_time
+                        )
+                    )
+                    self._cache_set(
+                        cache_url,
+                        request,
+                        response,
+                        body,
+                        expires_time,
+                    )
+
+    def update_cached_response(
+        self, request: PreparedRequest, response: HTTPResponse
+    ) -> HTTPResponse:
+        """On a 304 we will get a new set of headers that we want to
+        update our cached value with, assuming we have one.
+
+        This should only ever be called when we've sent an ETag and
+        gotten a 304 as the response.
+        """
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        cached_response = self._load_from_cache(request)
+
+        if not cached_response:
+            # we didn't have a cached response
+            return response
+
+        # Lets update our headers with the headers from the new request:
+        # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-26#section-4.1
+        #
+        # The server isn't supposed to send headers that would make
+        # the cached body invalid. But... just in case, we'll be sure
+        # to strip out ones we know that might be problmatic due to
+        # typical assumptions.
+        excluded_headers = ["content-length"]
+
+        cached_response.headers.update(
+            {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in response.headers.items()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                if k.lower() not in excluded_headers
+            }
+        )
+
+        # we want a 200 b/c we have content via the cache
+        cached_response.status = 200
+
+        # update our cache
+        self._cache_set(cache_url, request, cached_response)
+
+        return cached_response
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2514390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import mmap
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from http.client import HTTPResponse
+
+
+class CallbackFileWrapper:
+    """
+    Small wrapper around a fp object which will tee everything read into a
+    buffer, and when that file is closed it will execute a callback with the
+    contents of that buffer.
+
+    All attributes are proxied to the underlying file object.
+
+    This class uses members with a double underscore (__) leading prefix so as
+    not to accidentally shadow an attribute.
+
+    The data is stored in a temporary file until it is all available.  As long
+    as the temporary files directory is disk-based (sometimes it's a
+    memory-backed-``tmpfs`` on Linux), data will be unloaded to disk if memory
+    pressure is high.  For small files the disk usually won't be used at all,
+    it'll all be in the filesystem memory cache, so there should be no
+    performance impact.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, fp: HTTPResponse, callback: Callable[[bytes], None] | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.__buf = NamedTemporaryFile("rb+", delete=True)
+        self.__fp = fp
+        self.__callback = callback
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        # The vaguaries of garbage collection means that self.__fp is
+        # not always set.  By using __getattribute__ and the private
+        # name[0] allows looking up the attribute value and raising an
+        # AttributeError when it doesn't exist. This stop thigns from
+        # infinitely recursing calls to getattr in the case where
+        # self.__fp hasn't been set.
+        #
+        # [0] https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#atom-identifiers
+        fp = self.__getattribute__("_CallbackFileWrapper__fp")
+        return getattr(fp, name)
+
+    def __is_fp_closed(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self.__fp.fp is None
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            closed: bool = self.__fp.closed
+            return closed
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        # We just don't cache it then.
+        # TODO: Add some logging here...
+        return False
+
+    def _close(self) -> None:
+        if self.__callback:
+            if self.__buf.tell() == 0:
+                # Empty file:
+                result = b""
+            else:
+                # Return the data without actually loading it into memory,
+                # relying on Python's buffer API and mmap(). mmap() just gives
+                # a view directly into the filesystem's memory cache, so it
+                # doesn't result in duplicate memory use.
+                self.__buf.seek(0, 0)
+                result = memoryview(
+                    mmap.mmap(self.__buf.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
+                )
+            self.__callback(result)
+
+        # We assign this to None here, because otherwise we can get into
+        # really tricky problems where the CPython interpreter dead locks
+        # because the callback is holding a reference to something which
+        # has a __del__ method. Setting this to None breaks the cycle
+        # and allows the garbage collector to do it's thing normally.
+        self.__callback = None
+
+        # Closing the temporary file releases memory and frees disk space.
+        # Important when caching big files.
+        self.__buf.close()
+
+    def read(self, amt: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        data: bytes = self.__fp.read(amt)
+        if data:
+            # We may be dealing with b'', a sign that things are over:
+            # it's passed e.g. after we've already closed self.__buf.
+            self.__buf.write(data)
+        if self.__is_fp_closed():
+            self._close()
+
+        return data
+
+    def _safe_read(self, amt: int) -> bytes:
+        data: bytes = self.__fp._safe_read(amt)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if amt == 2 and data == b"\r\n":
+            # urllib executes this read to toss the CRLF at the end
+            # of the chunk.
+            return data
+
+        self.__buf.write(data)
+        if self.__is_fp_closed():
+            self._close()
+
+        return data
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9d72ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
+import time
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from email.utils import formatdate, parsedate, parsedate_tz
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Mapping
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+TIME_FMT = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+
+
+def expire_after(delta: timedelta, date: datetime | None = None) -> datetime:
+    date = date or datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    return date + delta
+
+
+def datetime_to_header(dt: datetime) -> str:
+    return formatdate(calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple()))
+
+
+class BaseHeuristic:
+    def warning(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return a valid 1xx warning header value describing the cache
+        adjustments.
+
+        The response is provided too allow warnings like 113
+        http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.5.4 where we need
+        to explicitly say response is over 24 hours old.
+        """
+        return '110 - "Response is Stale"'
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Update the response headers with any new headers.
+
+        NOTE: This SHOULD always include some Warning header to
+              signify that the response was cached by the client, not
+              by way of the provided headers.
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    def apply(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> HTTPResponse:
+        updated_headers = self.update_headers(response)
+
+        if updated_headers:
+            response.headers.update(updated_headers)
+            warning_header_value = self.warning(response)
+            if warning_header_value is not None:
+                response.headers.update({"Warning": warning_header_value})
+
+        return response
+
+
+class OneDayCache(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    Cache the response by providing an expires 1 day in the
+    future.
+    """
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        headers = {}
+
+        if "expires" not in response.headers:
+            date = parsedate(response.headers["date"])
+            expires = expire_after(timedelta(days=1), date=datetime(*date[:6], tzinfo=timezone.utc))  # type: ignore[misc]
+            headers["expires"] = datetime_to_header(expires)
+            headers["cache-control"] = "public"
+        return headers
+
+
+class ExpiresAfter(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    Cache **all** requests for a defined time period.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw: Any) -> None:
+        self.delta = timedelta(**kw)
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        expires = expire_after(self.delta)
+        return {"expires": datetime_to_header(expires), "cache-control": "public"}
+
+    def warning(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        tmpl = "110 - Automatically cached for %s. Response might be stale"
+        return tmpl % self.delta
+
+
+class LastModified(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    If there is no Expires header already, fall back on Last-Modified
+    using the heuristic from
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.2.2
+    to calculate a reasonable value.
+
+    Firefox also does something like this per
+    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Caching_FAQ
+    http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-release/source/netwerk/protocol/http/nsHttpResponseHead.cpp#397
+    Unlike mozilla we limit this to 24-hr.
+    """
+
+    cacheable_by_default_statuses = {
+        200,
+        203,
+        204,
+        206,
+        300,
+        301,
+        404,
+        405,
+        410,
+        414,
+        501,
+    }
+
+    def update_headers(self, resp: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] = resp.headers
+
+        if "expires" in headers:
+            return {}
+
+        if "cache-control" in headers and headers["cache-control"] != "public":
+            return {}
+
+        if resp.status not in self.cacheable_by_default_statuses:
+            return {}
+
+        if "date" not in headers or "last-modified" not in headers:
+            return {}
+
+        time_tuple = parsedate_tz(headers["date"])
+        assert time_tuple is not None
+        date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        last_modified = parsedate(headers["last-modified"])
+        if last_modified is None:
+            return {}
+
+        now = time.time()
+        current_age = max(0, now - date)
+        delta = date - calendar.timegm(last_modified)
+        freshness_lifetime = max(0, min(delta / 10, 24 * 3600))
+        if freshness_lifetime <= current_age:
+            return {}
+
+        expires = date + freshness_lifetime
+        return {"expires": time.strftime(TIME_FMT, time.gmtime(expires))}
+
+    def warning(self, resp: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9e967c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Mapping, cast
+
+from pip._vendor import msgpack
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest
+
+
+class Serializer:
+    serde_version = "4"
+
+    def dumps(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        response_headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            response.headers
+        )
+
+        if body is None:
+            # When a body isn't passed in, we'll read the response. We
+            # also update the response with a new file handler to be
+            # sure it acts as though it was never read.
+            body = response.read(decode_content=False)
+            response._fp = io.BytesIO(body)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            response.length_remaining = len(body)
+
+        data = {
+            "response": {
+                "body": body,  # Empty bytestring if body is stored separately
+                "headers": {str(k): str(v) for k, v in response.headers.items()},  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                "status": response.status,
+                "version": response.version,
+                "reason": str(response.reason),
+                "decode_content": response.decode_content,
+            }
+        }
+
+        # Construct our vary headers
+        data["vary"] = {}
+        if "vary" in response_headers:
+            varied_headers = response_headers["vary"].split(",")
+            for header in varied_headers:
+                header = str(header).strip()
+                header_value = request.headers.get(header, None)
+                if header_value is not None:
+                    header_value = str(header_value)
+                data["vary"][header] = header_value
+
+        return b",".join([f"cc={self.serde_version}".encode(), self.serialize(data)])
+
+    def serialize(self, data: dict[str, Any]) -> bytes:
+        return cast(bytes, msgpack.dumps(data, use_bin_type=True))
+
+    def loads(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # Short circuit if we've been given an empty set of data
+        if not data:
+            return None
+
+        # Determine what version of the serializer the data was serialized
+        # with
+        try:
+            ver, data = data.split(b",", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            ver = b"cc=0"
+
+        # Make sure that our "ver" is actually a version and isn't a false
+        # positive from a , being in the data stream.
+        if ver[:3] != b"cc=":
+            data = ver + data
+            ver = b"cc=0"
+
+        # Get the version number out of the cc=N
+        verstr = ver.split(b"=", 1)[-1].decode("ascii")
+
+        # Dispatch to the actual load method for the given version
+        try:
+            return getattr(self, f"_loads_v{verstr}")(request, data, body_file)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            # This is a version we don't have a loads function for, so we'll
+            # just treat it as a miss and return None
+            return None
+
+    def prepare_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        cached: Mapping[str, Any],
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """Verify our vary headers match and construct a real urllib3
+        HTTPResponse object.
+        """
+        # Special case the '*' Vary value as it means we cannot actually
+        # determine if the cached response is suitable for this request.
+        # This case is also handled in the controller code when creating
+        # a cache entry, but is left here for backwards compatibility.
+        if "*" in cached.get("vary", {}):
+            return None
+
+        # Ensure that the Vary headers for the cached response match our
+        # request
+        for header, value in cached.get("vary", {}).items():
+            if request.headers.get(header, None) != value:
+                return None
+
+        body_raw = cached["response"].pop("body")
+
+        headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            data=cached["response"]["headers"]
+        )
+        if headers.get("transfer-encoding", "") == "chunked":
+            headers.pop("transfer-encoding")
+
+        cached["response"]["headers"] = headers
+
+        try:
+            body: IO[bytes]
+            if body_file is None:
+                body = io.BytesIO(body_raw)
+            else:
+                body = body_file
+        except TypeError:
+            # This can happen if cachecontrol serialized to v1 format (pickle)
+            # using Python 2. A Python 2 str(byte string) will be unpickled as
+            # a Python 3 str (unicode string), which will cause the above to
+            # fail with:
+            #
+            #     TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface
+            body = io.BytesIO(body_raw.encode("utf8"))
+
+        # Discard any `strict` parameter serialized by older version of cachecontrol.
+        cached["response"].pop("strict", None)
+
+        return HTTPResponse(body=body, preload_content=False, **cached["response"])
+
+    def _loads_v0(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # The original legacy cache data. This doesn't contain enough
+        # information to construct everything we need, so we'll treat this as
+        # a miss.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v1(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # The "v1" pickled cache format. This is no longer supported
+        # for security reasons, so we treat it as a miss.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v2(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # The "v2" compressed base64 cache format.
+        # This has been removed due to age and poor size/performance
+        # characteristics, so we treat it as a miss.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v3(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Due to Python 2 encoding issues, it's impossible to know for sure
+        # exactly how to load v3 entries, thus we'll treat these as a miss so
+        # that they get rewritten out as v4 entries.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v4(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        try:
+            cached = msgpack.loads(data, raw=False)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+        return self.prepare_response(request, cached, body_file)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f618bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor import requests
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.heuristics import BaseHeuristic
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+
+def CacheControl(
+    sess: requests.Session,
+    cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+    cache_etags: bool = True,
+    serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+    heuristic: BaseHeuristic | None = None,
+    controller_class: type[CacheController] | None = None,
+    adapter_class: type[CacheControlAdapter] | None = None,
+    cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+) -> requests.Session:
+    cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+    adapter_class = adapter_class or CacheControlAdapter
+    adapter = adapter_class(
+        cache,
+        cache_etags=cache_etags,
+        serializer=serializer,
+        heuristic=heuristic,
+        controller_class=controller_class,
+        cacheable_methods=cacheable_methods,
+    )
+    sess.mount("http://", adapter)
+    sess.mount("https://", adapter)
+
+    return sess
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce89ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2023.07.22"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0037634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from pip._vendor.certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66d72bc
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99dfc08
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af87055
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0212369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4635 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA"
+# Serial: 4835703278459707669005204
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:45:52:15:09:51:92:e1:b7:5d:37:9f:b1:87:29:8a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b1:bc:96:8b:d4:f4:9d:62:2a:a8:9a:81:f2:15:01:52:a4:1d:82:9c
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: eb:d4:10:40:e4:bb:3e:c7:42:c9:e3:81:d3:1e:f2:a4:1a:48:b6:68:5c:96:e7:ce:f3:c1:df:6c:d4:33:1c:99
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Subject: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Label: "Entrust.net Premium 2048 Secure Server CA"
+# Serial: 946069240
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ee:29:31:bc:32:7e:9a:e6:e8:b5:f7:51:b4:34:71:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 50:30:06:09:1d:97:d4:f5:ae:39:f7:cb:e7:92:7d:7d:65:2d:34:31
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6d:c4:71:72:e0:1c:bc:b0:bf:62:58:0d:89:5f:e2:b8:ac:9a:d4:f8:73:80:1e:0c:10:b9:c8:37:d2:1e:b1:77
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Subject: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Label: "Baltimore CyberTrust Root"
+# Serial: 33554617
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ac:b6:94:a5:9c:17:e0:d7:91:52:9b:b1:97:06:a6:e4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1164660820
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d6:a5:c3:ed:5d:dd:3e:00:c1:3d:87:92:1f:1d:3f:e4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
+# Label: "Comodo AAA Services root"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 1289
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 1478
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust.net OU=Security Communication RootCA1
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust.net OU=Security Communication RootCA1
+# Label: "Security Communication Root CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Subject: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Label: "XRamp Global CA Root"
+# Serial: 107108908803651509692980124233745014957
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Go Daddy Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Starfield Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root CA"
+# Serial: 17154717934120587862167794914071425081
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 87:ce:0b:7b:2a:0e:49:00:e1:58:71:9b:37:a8:93:72
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 10944719598952040374951832963794454346
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 79:e4:a9:84:0d:7d:3a:96:d7:c0:4f:e2:43:4c:89:2e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a8:98:5d:3a:65:e5:e5:c4:b2:d7:d6:6d:40:c6:dd:2f:b1:9c:54:36
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA"
+# Serial: 3553400076410547919724730734378100087
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d4:74:de:57:5c:39:b2:d3:9c:85:83:c5:c0:65:49:8a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Gold CA - G2"
+# Serial: 13492815561806991280
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 24:77:d9:a8:91:d1:3b:fa:88:2d:c2:ff:f8:cd:33:93
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Silver CA - G2"
+# Serial: 5700383053117599563
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "SecureTrust CA"
+# Serial: 17199774589125277788362757014266862032
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "Secure Global CA"
+# Serial: 9751836167731051554232119481456978597
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 104350513648249232941998508985834464573
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Subject: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Label: "Certigna"
+# Serial: 18364802974209362175
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Label: "ePKI Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 28956088682735189655030529057352760477
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:2e:00:ca:26:06:90:3d:ad:fe:6f:15:68:d3:6b:b3
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 67:65:0d:f1:7e:8e:7e:5b:82:40:a4:f4:56:4b:cf:e2:3d:69:c6:f0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Subject: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Label: "certSIGN ROOT CA"
+# Serial: 35210227249154
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 18:98:c0:d6:e9:3a:fc:f9:b0:f5:0c:f7:4b:01:44:17
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: fa:b7:ee:36:97:26:62:fb:2d:b0:2a:f6:bf:03:fd:e8:7c:4b:2f:9b
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ea:a9:62:c4:fa:4a:6b:af:eb:e4:15:19:6d:35:1c:cd:88:8d:4f:53:f3:fa:8a:e6:d7:c4:66:a9:4e:60:42:bb
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 06:08:3f:59:3f:15:a1:04:a0:69:a4:6b:a9:03:d0:06:b7:97:09:91
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6c:61:da:c3:a2:de:f0:31:50:6b:e0:36:d2:a6:fe:40:19:94:fb:d1:3d:f9:c8:d4:66:59:92:74:c4:46:ec:98
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Label: "SecureSign RootCA11"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b7:52:74:e2:92:b4:80:93:f2:75:e4:cc:d7:f2:ea:26
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 3b:c4:9f:48:f8:f3:73:a0:9c:1e:bd:f8:5b:b1:c3:65:c7:d8:11:b3
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
+# Serial: 14014712776195784473
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f8:49:f4:03:bc:44:2d:83:be:48:69:7d:29:64:fc:b1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:df:74:fe:5c:f4:0f:4a:80:f9:e3:37:7d:54:da:91:e1:01:31:8e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 3c:5f:81:fe:a5:fa:b8:2c:64:bf:a2:ea:ec:af:cd:e8:e0:77:fc:86:20:a7:ca:e5:37:16:3d:f3:6e:db:f3:78
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
+# Serial: 4835703278459759426209954
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:df:b8:49:ca:05:13:55:ee:2d:ba:1a:c3:3e:b0:28
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d6:9b:56:11:48:f0:1c:77:c5:45:78:c1:09:26:df:5b:85:69:76:ad
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 6047274297262753887
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
+# Subject: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
+# Label: "Izenpe.com"
+# Serial: 917563065490389241595536686991402621
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+# Issuer: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Commercial O=AffirmTrust
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Commercial"
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+# Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Networking O=AffirmTrust
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Networking"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
+# Subject: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium ECC"
+# Serial: 8401224907861490260
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
+# Serial: 279744
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 69:c1:0d:4f:07:a3:1b:c3:fe:56:3d:04:bc:11:f6:a6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f3:73:b3:87:06:5a:28:84:8a:f2:f3:4a:ce:19:2b:dd:c7:8e:9c:ac
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 46:a7:d2:fe:45:fb:64:5a:a8:59:90:9b:78:44:9b:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 49:0a:75:74:de:87:0a:47:fe:58:ee:f6:c7:6b:eb:c6:0b:12:40:99
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3d:3b:18:9e:2c:64:5a:e8:d5:88:ce:0e:f9:37:c2:ec
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: da:fa:f7:fa:66:84:ec:06:8f:14:50:bd:c7:c2:81:a5:bc:a9:64:57
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ed:f7:eb:bc:a2:7a:2a:38:4d:38:7b:7d:40:10:c6:66:e2:ed:b4:84:3e:4c:29:b4:ae:1d:5b:93:32:e6:b2:4d
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ca:fb:40:a8:4e:39:92:8a:1d:fe:8e:2f:c4:27:ea:ef
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 55:a6:72:3e:cb:f2:ec:cd:c3:23:74:70:19:9d:2a:be:11:e3:81:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: fd:73:da:d3:1c:64:4f:f1:b4:3b:ef:0c:cd:da:96:71:0b:9c:d9:87:5e:ca:7e:31:70:7a:f3:e9:6d:52:2b:bd
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
+# MD5 Fingerprint: cd:e0:25:69:8d:47:ac:9c:89:35:90:f7:fd:51:3d:2f
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 58:e8:ab:b0:36:15:33:fb:80:f7:9b:1b:6d:29:d3:ff:8d:5f:00:f0
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 49:e7:a4:42:ac:f0:ea:62:87:05:00:54:b5:25:64:b6:50:e4:f4:9e:42:e3:48:d6:aa:38:e0:39:e9:57:b1:c1
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Subject: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Label: "TeliaSonera Root CA v1"
+# Serial: 199041966741090107964904287217786801558
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2b:9b:9e:e4:7b:6c:1f:00:72:1a:cc:c1:77:79:df:6a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
+# Serial: 6643877497813316402
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ae:b9:c4:32:4b:ac:7f:5d:66:cc:77:94:bb:2a:77:56
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a4:bc:5b:3f:fe:37:9a:fa:64:f0:e2:fa:05:3d:0b:ab
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
+# Serial: 390156079458959257446133169266079962026824725800
+# MD5 Fingerprint: af:0c:86:6e:bf:40:2d:7f:0b:3e:12:50:ba:12:3d:06
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
+# Serial: 268090761170461462463995952157327242137089239581
+# MD5 Fingerprint: df:7d:b9:ad:54:6f:68:a1:df:89:57:03:97:43:b0:d7
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 48:12:bd:92:3c:a8:c4:39:06:e7:30:6d:27:96:e6:a4:cf:22:2e:7d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a1:4b:48:d9:43:ee:0a:0e:40:90:4f:3c:e0:a4:c0:91:93:51:5d:3f
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f5:17:a2:4f:9a:48:c6:c9:f8:a2:00:26:9f:dc:0f:48:2c:ab:30:89
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 7e:37:cb:8b:4c:47:09:0c:ab:36:55:1b:a6:f4:5d:b8:40:68:0f:ba:16:6a:95:2d:b1:00:71:7f:43:05:3f:c2
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e4:a6:8a:c8:54:ac:52:42:46:0a:fd:72:48:1b:2a:44
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: df:3c:24:f9:bf:d6:66:76:1b:26:80:73:fe:06:d1:cc:8d:4f:82:a4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: cb:3c:cb:b7:60:31:e5:e0:13:8f:8d:d3:9a:23:f9:de:47:ff:c3:5e:43:c1:14:4c:ea:27:d4:6a:5a:b1:cb:5f
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f5:5d:a4:50:a5:fb:28:7e:1e:0f:0d:cc:96:57:56:ca
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 7e:04:de:89:6a:3e:66:6d:00:e6:87:d3:3f:fa:d9:3b:e8:3d:34:9e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 31:ad:66:48:f8:10:41:38:c7:38:f3:9e:a4:32:01:33:39:3e:3a:18:cc:02:29:6e:f9:7c:2a:c9:ef:67:31:d0
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 78:f2:fc:aa:60:1f:2f:b4:eb:c9:37:ba:53:2e:75:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: dd:fb:16:cd:49:31:c9:73:a2:03:7d:3f:c8:3a:4d:7d:77:5d:05:e4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 55:2f:7b:dc:f1:a7:af:9e:6c:e6:72:01:7f:4f:12:ab:f7:72:40:c7:8e:76:1a:c2:03:d1:d9:d2:0a:c8:99:88
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 52:f0:e1:c4:e5:8e:c6:29:29:1b:60:31:7f:07:46:71:b8:5d:7e:a8:0d:5b:07:27:34:63:53:4b:32:b4:02:34
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
+# MD5 Fingerprint: fa:68:bc:d9:b5:7f:ad:fd:c9:1d:06:83:28:cc:24:c1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9f:ad:3b:1c:02:1e:8a:ba:17:74:38:81:0c:a2:bc:08
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390521976156843933698
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 1246989352
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1"
+# Serial: 51543124481930649114116133369
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA"
+# Serial: 157768595616588414422159278966750757568
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Subject: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Label: "SZAFIR ROOT CA2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA 2"
+# Serial: 44979900017204383099463764357512596969
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 143266982885963551818349160658925006970653239
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:e5:8d:ce:a8:42:e2:7a:c0:2a:5c:7c:9e:26:bf:66
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5a:8c:ef:45:d7:a6:98:59:76:7a:8c:8b:44:96:b5:78:cf:47:4b:1a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0d:44:dd:8c:3c:8c:1a:1a:58:75:64:81:e9:0f:2e:2a:ff:b3:d2:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 18:ce:6c:fe:7b:f1:4e:60:b2:e3:47:b8:df:e8:68:cb:31:d0:2e:bb:3a:da:27:15:69:f5:03:43:b4:6d:b3:a4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 89:bc:27:d5:eb:17:8d:06:6a:69:d5:fd:89:47:b4:cd
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f6:10:84:07:d6:f8:bb:67:98:0c:c2:e2:44:c2:eb:ae:1c:ef:63:be
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e3:5d:28:41:9e:d0:20:25:cf:a6:90:38:cd:62:39:62:45:8d:a5:c6:95:fb:de:a3:c2:2b:0b:fb:25:89:70:92
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 31:43:64:9b:ec:ce:27:ec:ed:3a:3f:0b:8f:0d:e4:e8:91:dd:ee:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 46:ed:c3:68:90:46:d5:3a:45:3f:b3:10:4a:b8:0d:ca:ec:65:8b:26:60:ea:16:29:dd:7e:86:79:90:64:87:16
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:66:6a:56:2e:e0:be:5c:e9:25:c1:d8:89:0a:6f:76:a8:7e:c1:6d:4d:7d:5f:29:ea:74:19:cf:20:12:3b:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 34:17:bb:06:cc:60:07:da:1b:96:1c:92:0b:8a:b4:ce:3f:ad:82:0e:4a:a3:0b:9a:cb:c4:a7:4e:bd:ce:bc:65
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 22:a2:c1:f7:bd:ed:70:4c:c1:e7:01:b5:f4:08:c3:10:88:0f:e9:56:b5:de:2a:4a:44:f9:9c:87:3a:25:a7:c8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2c:ab:ea:fe:37:d0:6c:a2:2a:ba:73:91:c0:03:3d:25:98:29:52:c4:53:64:73:49:76:3a:3a:b5:ad:6c:cf:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a9:d6:b9:2d:2f:93:64:f8:a5:69:ca:91:e9:68:07:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e0:11:84:5e:34:de:be:88:81:b9:9c:f6:16:26:d1:96:1f:c3:b9:31
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:60:f9:1c:36:24:da:ba:95:70:b5:fe:a0:db:e3:6f:f1:1a:83:23:be:94:86:85:4f:b3:f3:4a:55:71:19:8d
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 80:fe:f0:c4:4a:f0:5c:62:32:9f:1c:ba:78:a9:50:f8
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 28:f9:78:16:19:7a:ff:18:25:18:aa:44:fe:c1:a0:ce:5c:b6:4c:8a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 9b:ea:11:c9:76:fe:01:47:64:c1:be:56:a6:f9:14:b5:a5:60:31:7a:bd:99:88:39:33:82:e5:16:1a:a0:49:3c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
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+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
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+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 235931866688319308814040
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9c:42:84:57:dd:cb:0b:a7:2e:95:ad:b6:f3:da:bc:ac
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
+# Serial: 287880440101571086945156
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 46170865288971385588281144162979347873371282084
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4"
+# Serial: 289383649854506086828220374796556676440
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 136839042543790627607696632466672567020
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 10:ff:00:ff:cf:c9:f8:c7:7a:c0:ee:35:8e:c9:0f:47
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
+# MD5 Fingerprint: de:1f:f6:9e:84:ae:a7:b4:21:ce:1e:58:7d:d1:84:98
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1846098327275375458322922162
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f8:1c:18:2d:2f:ba:5f:6d:a1:6c:bc:c7:ab:91:c7:0e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2f:8f:36:4f:e1:58:97:44:21:59:87:a5:2a:9a:d0:69:95:26:7f:b5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 4151900041497450638097112925
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5b:44:e3:8d:5d:36:86:26:e8:0d:05:d2:59:a7:83:54
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b4:90:82:dd:45:0c:be:8b:5b:b1:66:d3:e2:a4:08:26:cd:ed:42:cf
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2704997926503831671788816187
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ea:cf:60:c4:3b:b9:15:29:40:a1:97:ed:78:27:93:d6
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:7e:41:f6:25:3b:f5:09:b3:17:e8:46:3d:bf:d0:9b
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
+# Serial: 131542671362353147877283741781055151509
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
+# Serial: 1552617688466950547958867513931858518042577
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GLOBALTRUST 2020 O=e-commerce monitoring GmbH
+# Subject: CN=GLOBALTRUST 2020 O=e-commerce monitoring GmbH
+# Label: "GLOBALTRUST 2020"
+# Serial: 109160994242082918454945253
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:a6:44:5a:d9:af:4e:2f:b2:1d:b6:65:b0:4e:e8:96
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
+# Serial: 40870380103424195783807378461123655149
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Subject: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Label: "TunTrust Root CA"
+# Serial: 108534058042236574382096126452369648152337120275
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 76817823531813593706434026085292783742
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 65:47:9b:58:86:dd:2c:f0:fc:a2:84:1f:1e:96:c4:91
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 137515985548005187474074462014555733966
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 1977337328857672817
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus ECC Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus Root CA"
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+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
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+# Label: "ISRG Root X2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "HiPKI Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 60966262342023497858655262305426234976
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
+# Serial: 159662223612894884239637590694
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 159662320309726417404178440727
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R2"
+# Serial: 159662449406622349769042896298
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1e:39:c0:53:e6:1e:29:82:0b:ca:52:55:36:5d:57:dc
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 159662495401136852707857743206
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:e7:9d:58:02:94:46:51:94:e5:e0:22:4a:8b:e7:73
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
+# Serial: 159662532700760215368942768210
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 43:96:83:77:19:4d:76:b3:9d:65:52:e4:1d:22:a5:e8
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Subject: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Label: "Telia Root CA v2"
+# Serial: 7288924052977061235122729490515358
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 0e:8f:ac:aa:82:df:85:b1:f4:dc:10:1c:fc:99:d9:48
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 165870826978392376648679885835942448534
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b5:aa:4b:d5:ed:f7:e3:55:2e:8f:72:0a:f3:75:b8:ed
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 1f:5b:98:f0:e3:b5:f7:74:3c:ed:e6:b0:36:7d:32:cd:f4:09:41:67
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e5:9a:aa:81:60:09:c2:2b:ff:5b:25:ba:d3:7d:f3:06:f0:49:79:7c:1f:81:d8:5a:b0:89:e6:57:bd:8f:00:44
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 126288379621884218666039612629459926992
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:2d:9d:70:9f:48:99:11:06:11:fb:e9:cb:30:c0:6e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 61:db:8c:21:59:69:03:90:d8:7c:9c:12:86:54:cf:9d:3d:f4:dd:07
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 08:17:0d:1a:a3:64:53:90:1a:2f:95:92:45:e3:47:db:0c:8d:37:ab:aa:bc:56:b8:1a:a1:00:dc:95:89:70:db
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5"
+# Serial: 13129116028163249804115411775095713523
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d3:71:04:6a:43:1c:db:a6:59:e1:a8:a3:aa:c5:71:ed
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 17:f3:de:5e:9f:0f:19:e9:8e:f6:1f:32:26:6e:20:c4:07:ae:30:ee
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5"
+# Serial: 11930366277458970227240571539258396554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ac:fe:f7:34:96:a9:f2:b3:b4:12:4b:e4:27:41:6f:e1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root R1"
+# Serial: 188833316161142517227353805653483829216
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root E1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication RootCA3 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication RootCA3 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication ECC RootCA1"
+# Serial: 15446673492073852651
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA2"
+# Serial: 58605626836079930195615843123109055211
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46"
+# Serial: 88989738453351742415770396670917916916
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46"
+# Serial: 156256931880233212765902055439220583700
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 148535279242832292258835760425842727825
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:4e:c6:59:30:d8:fe:a0:d6:7a:5a:2c:2c:69:78:da
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ec:2c:83:40:72:af:26:95:10:ff:0e:f2:03:ee:31:70:f6:78:9d:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8f:af:7d:2e:2c:b4:70:9b:b8:e0:b3:36:66:bf:75:a5:dd:45:b5:de:48:0f:8e:a8:d4:bf:e6:be:bc:17:f2:ed
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 26605119622390491762507526719404364228
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 99:d7:5c:f1:51:36:cc:e9:ce:d9:19:2e:77:71:56:c5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:5f:d9:1a:54:6d:f5:0c:71:f0:ee:7a:bd:17:49:98:84:73:e2:39
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c3:2f:fd:9f:46:f9:36:d1:6c:36:73:99:09:59:43:4b:9a:d6:0a:af:bb:9e:7c:f3:36:54:f1:44:cc:1b:a1:43
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 81873346711060652204712539181482831616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:9f:ad:f1:70:ad:79:d6:ed:29:b4:d1:c5:79:70:a8
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9e:bc:75:10:42:b3:02:f3:81:f4:f7:30:62:d4:8f:c3:a7:51:b2:dd
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: b2:fa:e5:3e:14:cc:d7:ab:92:12:06:47:01:ae:27:9c:1d:89:88:fa:cb:77:5f:a8:a0:08:91:4e:66:39:88:a8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 111436099570196163832749341232207667876
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d4:d3:46:b8:9a:c0:9c:76:5d:9e:3a:c3:b9:99:31:d2
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 18:52:3b:0d:06:37:e4:d6:3a:df:23:e4:98:fb:5b:16:fb:86:74:48
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 81:a9:08:8e:a5:9f:b3:64:c5:48:a6:f8:55:59:09:9b:6f:04:05:ef:bf:18:e5:32:4e:c9:f4:57:ba:00:11:2f
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+ANSbhqRAvNncTFd+rrcztl524WWLZt+NyteYr842mIycg5kDcPOvdO3GDjbnvezB
+c6eUWsuSZIKmAMFwoW4sKeFYV+xafJlrJaSQOoD0IJ2azsct+bJLKZWD6TWNp0lI
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+qM7F78PRreBrAwA0JrRUITWXAdxfG/F851X6LWh3e9NpzNMOa7pNdkTWwhWaJuyw
+xfW70Xp0wmzNxbVe9kzmWy2B27O3Opee7c9GslA9hGCZcbUztVdF5kJHdWoOsAgM
+rr3e97sPWD2PAzHoPYJQyi9eDF20l74gNAf0xBLh7tew2VktafcxBPTy+av5EzH4
+AXcOPUIjJsyacmdRIXrMPIWo6iFqO9taPKU0nprALN+AnCng33eU0aKAQv9qTFsR
+0PXNor6uzFFcw9VUewyu1rkGd4Di7wcaaMxZUa1+XGdrudviB0JbuAEFWDlN5LuY
+o7Ey7Nmj1m+UI/87tyll5gfp77YZ6ufCOB0yiJA8EytuzO+rdwY0d4RPcuSBhPm5
+dDTedk+SKlOxJTnbPP/lPqYO5Wue/9vsL3SD3460s6neFE3/MaNFcyT6lSnMEpcE
+oji2jbDwN/zIIX8/syQbPYtuzE2wFg2WHYMfRsCbvUOZ58SWLs5fyQ==
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c67600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+
+DEBIAN_CA_CERTS_PATH = '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("pip._vendor.certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("pip._vendor.certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+    import os
+    import types
+    from typing import Union
+
+    Package = Union[types.ModuleType, str]
+    Resource = Union[str, "os.PathLike"]
+
+    # This fallback will work for Python versions prior to 3.7 that lack the
+    # importlib.resources module but relies on the existing `where` function
+    # so won't address issues with environments like PyOxidizer that don't set
+    # __file__ on modules.
+    def read_text(
+        package: Package,
+        resource: Resource,
+        encoding: str = 'utf-8',
+        errors: str = 'strict'
+    ) -> str:
+        with open(where(), encoding=encoding) as data:
+            return data.read()
+
+    # If we don't have importlib.resources, then we will just do the old logic
+    # of assuming we're on the filesystem and munge the path directly.
+    def where() -> str:
+        f = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+        return os.path.join(f, "cacert.pem")
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
+
+
+# Debian: Use system CA certs:
+def where() -> str:
+    return DEBIAN_CA_CERTS_PATH
+
+
+def contents() -> str:
+    with open(where(), "r", encoding="ascii") as data:
+        return data.read()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe58162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import InputState
+from .resultdict import ResultDict
+from .universaldetector import UniversalDetector
+from .version import VERSION, __version__
+
+__all__ = ["UniversalDetector", "detect", "detect_all", "__version__", "VERSION"]
+
+
+def detect(
+    byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray], should_rename_legacy: bool = False
+) -> ResultDict:
+    """
+    Detect the encoding of the given byte string.
+
+    :param byte_str:     The byte sequence to examine.
+    :type byte_str:      ``bytes`` or ``bytearray``
+    :param should_rename_legacy:  Should we rename legacy encodings
+                                  to their more modern equivalents?
+    :type should_rename_legacy:   ``bool``
+    """
+    if not isinstance(byte_str, bytearray):
+        if not isinstance(byte_str, bytes):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected object of type bytes or bytearray, got: {type(byte_str)}"
+            )
+        byte_str = bytearray(byte_str)
+    detector = UniversalDetector(should_rename_legacy=should_rename_legacy)
+    detector.feed(byte_str)
+    return detector.close()
+
+
+def detect_all(
+    byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray],
+    ignore_threshold: bool = False,
+    should_rename_legacy: bool = False,
+) -> List[ResultDict]:
+    """
+    Detect all the possible encodings of the given byte string.
+
+    :param byte_str:          The byte sequence to examine.
+    :type byte_str:           ``bytes`` or ``bytearray``
+    :param ignore_threshold:  Include encodings that are below
+                              ``UniversalDetector.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD``
+                              in results.
+    :type ignore_threshold:   ``bool``
+    :param should_rename_legacy:  Should we rename legacy encodings
+                                  to their more modern equivalents?
+    :type should_rename_legacy:   ``bool``
+    """
+    if not isinstance(byte_str, bytearray):
+        if not isinstance(byte_str, bytes):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected object of type bytes or bytearray, got: {type(byte_str)}"
+            )
+        byte_str = bytearray(byte_str)
+
+    detector = UniversalDetector(should_rename_legacy=should_rename_legacy)
+    detector.feed(byte_str)
+    detector.close()
+
+    if detector.input_state == InputState.HIGH_BYTE:
+        results: List[ResultDict] = []
+        probers: List[CharSetProber] = []
+        for prober in detector.charset_probers:
+            if isinstance(prober, CharSetGroupProber):
+                probers.extend(p for p in prober.probers)
+            else:
+                probers.append(prober)
+        for prober in probers:
+            if ignore_threshold or prober.get_confidence() > detector.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD:
+                charset_name = prober.charset_name or ""
+                lower_charset_name = charset_name.lower()
+                # Use Windows encoding name instead of ISO-8859 if we saw any
+                # extra Windows-specific bytes
+                if lower_charset_name.startswith("iso-8859") and detector.has_win_bytes:
+                    charset_name = detector.ISO_WIN_MAP.get(
+                        lower_charset_name, charset_name
+                    )
+                # Rename legacy encodings with superset encodings if asked
+                if should_rename_legacy:
+                    charset_name = detector.LEGACY_MAP.get(
+                        charset_name.lower(), charset_name
+                    )
+                results.append(
+                    {
+                        "encoding": charset_name,
+                        "confidence": prober.get_confidence(),
+                        "language": prober.language,
+                    }
+                )
+        if len(results) > 0:
+            return sorted(results, key=lambda result: -result["confidence"])
+
+    return [detector.result]
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5freq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# Big5 frequency table
+# by Taiwan's Mandarin Promotion Council
+# <http://www.edu.tw:81/mandr/>
+#
+# 128  --> 0.42261
+# 256  --> 0.57851
+# 512  --> 0.74851
+# 1024 --> 0.89384
+# 2048 --> 0.97583
+#
+# Ideal Distribution Ratio = 0.74851/(1-0.74851) =2.98
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512/(5401-512)=0.105
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio about 25% of Ideal one, still much higher than RDR
+
+BIG5_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 0.75
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table
+BIG5_TABLE_SIZE = 5376
+# fmt: off
+BIG5_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+   1,1801,1506, 255,1431, 198,   9,  82,   6,5008, 177, 202,3681,1256,2821, 110, #   16
+3814,  33,3274, 261,  76,  44,2114,  16,2946,2187,1176, 659,3971,  26,3451,2653, #   32
+1198,3972,3350,4202, 410,2215, 302, 590, 361,1964,   8, 204,  58,4510,5009,1932, #   48
+  63,5010,5011, 317,1614,  75, 222, 159,4203,2417,1480,5012,3555,3091, 224,2822, #   64
+3682,   3,  10,3973,1471,  29,2787,1135,2866,1940, 873, 130,3275,1123, 312,5013, #   80
+4511,2052, 507, 252, 682,5014, 142,1915, 124, 206,2947,  34,3556,3204,  64, 604, #   96
+5015,2501,1977,1978, 155,1991, 645, 641,1606,5016,3452, 337,  72, 406,5017,  80, #  112
+ 630, 238,3205,1509, 263, 939,1092,2654, 756,1440,1094,3453, 449,  69,2987, 591, #  128
+ 179,2096, 471, 115,2035,1844,  60,  50,2988, 134, 806,1869, 734,2036,3454, 180, #  144
+ 995,1607, 156, 537,2907, 688,5018, 319,1305, 779,2145, 514,2379, 298,4512, 359, #  160
+2502,  90,2716,1338, 663,  11, 906,1099,2553,  20,2441, 182, 532,1716,5019, 732, #  176
+1376,4204,1311,1420,3206,  25,2317,1056, 113, 399, 382,1950, 242,3455,2474, 529, #  192
+3276, 475,1447,3683,5020, 117,  21, 656, 810,1297,2300,2334,3557,5021, 126,4205, #  208
+ 706, 456, 150, 613,4513,  71,1118,2037,4206, 145,3092,  85, 835, 486,2115,1246, #  224
+1426, 428, 727,1285,1015, 800, 106, 623, 303,1281,5022,2128,2359, 347,3815, 221, #  240
+3558,3135,5023,1956,1153,4207,  83, 296,1199,3093, 192, 624,  93,5024, 822,1898, #  256
+2823,3136, 795,2065, 991,1554,1542,1592,  27,  43,2867, 859, 139,1456, 860,4514, #  272
+ 437, 712,3974, 164,2397,3137, 695, 211,3037,2097, 195,3975,1608,3559,3560,3684, #  288
+3976, 234, 811,2989,2098,3977,2233,1441,3561,1615,2380, 668,2077,1638, 305, 228, #  304
+1664,4515, 467, 415,5025, 262,2099,1593, 239, 108, 300, 200,1033, 512,1247,2078, #  320
+5026,5027,2176,3207,3685,2682, 593, 845,1062,3277,  88,1723,2038,3978,1951, 212, #  336
+ 266, 152, 149, 468,1899,4208,4516,  77, 187,5028,3038,  37,   5,2990,5029,3979, #  352
+5030,5031,  39,2524,4517,2908,3208,2079,  55, 148,  74,4518, 545, 483,1474,1029, #  368
+1665, 217,1870,1531,3138,1104,2655,4209,  24, 172,3562, 900,3980,3563,3564,4519, #  384
+  32,1408,2824,1312, 329, 487,2360,2251,2717, 784,2683,   4,3039,3351,1427,1789, #  400
+ 188, 109, 499,5032,3686,1717,1790, 888,1217,3040,4520,5033,3565,5034,3352,1520, #  416
+3687,3981, 196,1034, 775,5035,5036, 929,1816, 249, 439,  38,5037,1063,5038, 794, #  432
+3982,1435,2301,  46, 178,3278,2066,5039,2381,5040, 214,1709,4521, 804,  35, 707, #  448
+ 324,3688,1601,2554, 140, 459,4210,5041,5042,1365, 839, 272, 978,2262,2580,3456, #  464
+2129,1363,3689,1423, 697, 100,3094,  48,  70,1231, 495,3139,2196,5043,1294,5044, #  480
+2080, 462, 586,1042,3279, 853, 256, 988, 185,2382,3457,1698, 434,1084,5045,3458, #  496
+ 314,2625,2788,4522,2335,2336, 569,2285, 637,1817,2525, 757,1162,1879,1616,3459, #  512
+ 287,1577,2116, 768,4523,1671,2868,3566,2526,1321,3816, 909,2418,5046,4211, 933, #  528
+3817,4212,2053,2361,1222,4524, 765,2419,1322, 786,4525,5047,1920,1462,1677,2909, #  544
+1699,5048,4526,1424,2442,3140,3690,2600,3353,1775,1941,3460,3983,4213, 309,1369, #  560
+1130,2825, 364,2234,1653,1299,3984,3567,3985,3986,2656, 525,1085,3041, 902,2001, #  576
+1475, 964,4527, 421,1845,1415,1057,2286, 940,1364,3141, 376,4528,4529,1381,   7, #  592
+2527, 983,2383, 336,1710,2684,1846, 321,3461, 559,1131,3042,2752,1809,1132,1313, #  608
+ 265,1481,1858,5049, 352,1203,2826,3280, 167,1089, 420,2827, 776, 792,1724,3568, #  624
+4214,2443,3281,5050,4215,5051, 446, 229, 333,2753, 901,3818,1200,1557,4530,2657, #  640
+1921, 395,2754,2685,3819,4216,1836, 125, 916,3209,2626,4531,5052,5053,3820,5054, #  656
+5055,5056,4532,3142,3691,1133,2555,1757,3462,1510,2318,1409,3569,5057,2146, 438, #  672
+2601,2910,2384,3354,1068, 958,3043, 461, 311,2869,2686,4217,1916,3210,4218,1979, #  688
+ 383, 750,2755,2627,4219, 274, 539, 385,1278,1442,5058,1154,1965, 384, 561, 210, #  704
+  98,1295,2556,3570,5059,1711,2420,1482,3463,3987,2911,1257, 129,5060,3821, 642, #  720
+ 523,2789,2790,2658,5061, 141,2235,1333,  68, 176, 441, 876, 907,4220, 603,2602, #  736
+ 710, 171,3464, 404, 549,  18,3143,2398,1410,3692,1666,5062,3571,4533,2912,4534, #  752
+5063,2991, 368,5064, 146, 366,  99, 871,3693,1543, 748, 807,1586,1185,  22,2263, #  768
+ 379,3822,3211,5065,3212, 505,1942,2628,1992,1382,2319,5066, 380,2362, 218, 702, #  784
+1818,1248,3465,3044,3572,3355,3282,5067,2992,3694, 930,3283,3823,5068,  59,5069, #  800
+ 585, 601,4221, 497,3466,1112,1314,4535,1802,5070,1223,1472,2177,5071, 749,1837, #  816
+ 690,1900,3824,1773,3988,1476, 429,1043,1791,2236,2117, 917,4222, 447,1086,1629, #  832
+5072, 556,5073,5074,2021,1654, 844,1090, 105, 550, 966,1758,2828,1008,1783, 686, #  848
+1095,5075,2287, 793,1602,5076,3573,2603,4536,4223,2948,2302,4537,3825, 980,2503, #  864
+ 544, 353, 527,4538, 908,2687,2913,5077, 381,2629,1943,1348,5078,1341,1252, 560, #  880
+3095,5079,3467,2870,5080,2054, 973, 886,2081, 143,4539,5081,5082, 157,3989, 496, #  896
+4224,  57, 840, 540,2039,4540,4541,3468,2118,1445, 970,2264,1748,1966,2082,4225, #  912
+3144,1234,1776,3284,2829,3695, 773,1206,2130,1066,2040,1326,3990,1738,1725,4226, #  928
+ 279,3145,  51,1544,2604, 423,1578,2131,2067, 173,4542,1880,5083,5084,1583, 264, #  944
+ 610,3696,4543,2444, 280, 154,5085,5086,5087,1739, 338,1282,3096, 693,2871,1411, #  960
+1074,3826,2445,5088,4544,5089,5090,1240, 952,2399,5091,2914,1538,2688, 685,1483, #  976
+4227,2475,1436, 953,4228,2055,4545, 671,2400,  79,4229,2446,3285, 608, 567,2689, #  992
+3469,4230,4231,1691, 393,1261,1792,2401,5092,4546,5093,5094,5095,5096,1383,1672, # 1008
+3827,3213,1464, 522,1119, 661,1150, 216, 675,4547,3991,1432,3574, 609,4548,2690, # 1024
+2402,5097,5098,5099,4232,3045,   0,5100,2476, 315, 231,2447, 301,3356,4549,2385, # 1040
+5101, 233,4233,3697,1819,4550,4551,5102,  96,1777,1315,2083,5103, 257,5104,1810, # 1056
+3698,2718,1139,1820,4234,2022,1124,2164,2791,1778,2659,5105,3097, 363,1655,3214, # 1072
+5106,2993,5107,5108,5109,3992,1567,3993, 718, 103,3215, 849,1443, 341,3357,2949, # 1088
+1484,5110,1712, 127,  67, 339,4235,2403, 679,1412, 821,5111,5112, 834, 738, 351, # 1104
+2994,2147, 846, 235,1497,1881, 418,1993,3828,2719, 186,1100,2148,2756,3575,1545, # 1120
+1355,2950,2872,1377, 583,3994,4236,2581,2995,5113,1298,3699,1078,2557,3700,2363, # 1136
+  78,3829,3830, 267,1289,2100,2002,1594,4237, 348, 369,1274,2197,2178,1838,4552, # 1152
+1821,2830,3701,2757,2288,2003,4553,2951,2758, 144,3358, 882,4554,3995,2759,3470, # 1168
+4555,2915,5114,4238,1726, 320,5115,3996,3046, 788,2996,5116,2831,1774,1327,2873, # 1184
+3997,2832,5117,1306,4556,2004,1700,3831,3576,2364,2660, 787,2023, 506, 824,3702, # 1200
+ 534, 323,4557,1044,3359,2024,1901, 946,3471,5118,1779,1500,1678,5119,1882,4558, # 1216
+ 165, 243,4559,3703,2528, 123, 683,4239, 764,4560,  36,3998,1793, 589,2916, 816, # 1232
+ 626,1667,3047,2237,1639,1555,1622,3832,3999,5120,4000,2874,1370,1228,1933, 891, # 1248
+2084,2917, 304,4240,5121, 292,2997,2720,3577, 691,2101,4241,1115,4561, 118, 662, # 1264
+5122, 611,1156, 854,2386,1316,2875,   2, 386, 515,2918,5123,5124,3286, 868,2238, # 1280
+1486, 855,2661, 785,2216,3048,5125,1040,3216,3578,5126,3146, 448,5127,1525,5128, # 1296
+2165,4562,5129,3833,5130,4242,2833,3579,3147, 503, 818,4001,3148,1568, 814, 676, # 1312
+1444, 306,1749,5131,3834,1416,1030, 197,1428, 805,2834,1501,4563,5132,5133,5134, # 1328
+1994,5135,4564,5136,5137,2198,  13,2792,3704,2998,3149,1229,1917,5138,3835,2132, # 1344
+5139,4243,4565,2404,3580,5140,2217,1511,1727,1120,5141,5142, 646,3836,2448, 307, # 1360
+5143,5144,1595,3217,5145,5146,5147,3705,1113,1356,4002,1465,2529,2530,5148, 519, # 1376
+5149, 128,2133,  92,2289,1980,5150,4003,1512, 342,3150,2199,5151,2793,2218,1981, # 1392
+3360,4244, 290,1656,1317, 789, 827,2365,5152,3837,4566, 562, 581,4004,5153, 401, # 1408
+4567,2252,  94,4568,5154,1399,2794,5155,1463,2025,4569,3218,1944,5156, 828,1105, # 1424
+4245,1262,1394,5157,4246, 605,4570,5158,1784,2876,5159,2835, 819,2102, 578,2200, # 1440
+2952,5160,1502, 436,3287,4247,3288,2836,4005,2919,3472,3473,5161,2721,2320,5162, # 1456
+5163,2337,2068,  23,4571, 193, 826,3838,2103, 699,1630,4248,3098, 390,1794,1064, # 1472
+3581,5164,1579,3099,3100,1400,5165,4249,1839,1640,2877,5166,4572,4573, 137,4250, # 1488
+ 598,3101,1967, 780, 104, 974,2953,5167, 278, 899, 253, 402, 572, 504, 493,1339, # 1504
+5168,4006,1275,4574,2582,2558,5169,3706,3049,3102,2253, 565,1334,2722, 863,  41, # 1520
+5170,5171,4575,5172,1657,2338,  19, 463,2760,4251, 606,5173,2999,3289,1087,2085, # 1536
+1323,2662,3000,5174,1631,1623,1750,4252,2691,5175,2878, 791,2723,2663,2339, 232, # 1552
+2421,5176,3001,1498,5177,2664,2630, 755,1366,3707,3290,3151,2026,1609, 119,1918, # 1568
+3474, 862,1026,4253,5178,4007,3839,4576,4008,4577,2265,1952,2477,5179,1125, 817, # 1584
+4254,4255,4009,1513,1766,2041,1487,4256,3050,3291,2837,3840,3152,5180,5181,1507, # 1600
+5182,2692, 733,  40,1632,1106,2879, 345,4257, 841,2531, 230,4578,3002,1847,3292, # 1616
+3475,5183,1263, 986,3476,5184, 735, 879, 254,1137, 857, 622,1300,1180,1388,1562, # 1632
+4010,4011,2954, 967,2761,2665,1349, 592,2134,1692,3361,3003,1995,4258,1679,4012, # 1648
+1902,2188,5185, 739,3708,2724,1296,1290,5186,4259,2201,2202,1922,1563,2605,2559, # 1664
+1871,2762,3004,5187, 435,5188, 343,1108, 596,  17,1751,4579,2239,3477,3709,5189, # 1680
+4580, 294,3582,2955,1693, 477, 979, 281,2042,3583, 643,2043,3710,2631,2795,2266, # 1696
+1031,2340,2135,2303,3584,4581, 367,1249,2560,5190,3585,5191,4582,1283,3362,2005, # 1712
+ 240,1762,3363,4583,4584, 836,1069,3153, 474,5192,2149,2532, 268,3586,5193,3219, # 1728
+1521,1284,5194,1658,1546,4260,5195,3587,3588,5196,4261,3364,2693,1685,4262, 961, # 1744
+1673,2632, 190,2006,2203,3841,4585,4586,5197, 570,2504,3711,1490,5198,4587,2633, # 1760
+3293,1957,4588, 584,1514, 396,1045,1945,5199,4589,1968,2449,5200,5201,4590,4013, # 1776
+ 619,5202,3154,3294, 215,2007,2796,2561,3220,4591,3221,4592, 763,4263,3842,4593, # 1792
+5203,5204,1958,1767,2956,3365,3712,1174, 452,1477,4594,3366,3155,5205,2838,1253, # 1808
+2387,2189,1091,2290,4264, 492,5206, 638,1169,1825,2136,1752,4014, 648, 926,1021, # 1824
+1324,4595, 520,4596, 997, 847,1007, 892,4597,3843,2267,1872,3713,2405,1785,4598, # 1840
+1953,2957,3103,3222,1728,4265,2044,3714,4599,2008,1701,3156,1551,  30,2268,4266, # 1856
+5207,2027,4600,3589,5208, 501,5209,4267, 594,3478,2166,1822,3590,3479,3591,3223, # 1872
+ 829,2839,4268,5210,1680,3157,1225,4269,5211,3295,4601,4270,3158,2341,5212,4602, # 1888
+4271,5213,4015,4016,5214,1848,2388,2606,3367,5215,4603, 374,4017, 652,4272,4273, # 1904
+ 375,1140, 798,5216,5217,5218,2366,4604,2269, 546,1659, 138,3051,2450,4605,5219, # 1920
+2254, 612,1849, 910, 796,3844,1740,1371, 825,3845,3846,5220,2920,2562,5221, 692, # 1936
+ 444,3052,2634, 801,4606,4274,5222,1491, 244,1053,3053,4275,4276, 340,5223,4018, # 1952
+1041,3005, 293,1168,  87,1357,5224,1539, 959,5225,2240, 721, 694,4277,3847, 219, # 1968
+1478, 644,1417,3368,2666,1413,1401,1335,1389,4019,5226,5227,3006,2367,3159,1826, # 1984
+ 730,1515, 184,2840,  66,4607,5228,1660,2958, 246,3369, 378,1457, 226,3480, 975, # 2000
+4020,2959,1264,3592, 674, 696,5229, 163,5230,1141,2422,2167, 713,3593,3370,4608, # 2016
+4021,5231,5232,1186,  15,5233,1079,1070,5234,1522,3224,3594, 276,1050,2725, 758, # 2032
+1126, 653,2960,3296,5235,2342, 889,3595,4022,3104,3007, 903,1250,4609,4023,3481, # 2048
+3596,1342,1681,1718, 766,3297, 286,  89,2961,3715,5236,1713,5237,2607,3371,3008, # 2064
+5238,2962,2219,3225,2880,5239,4610,2505,2533, 181, 387,1075,4024, 731,2190,3372, # 2080
+5240,3298, 310, 313,3482,2304, 770,4278,  54,3054, 189,4611,3105,3848,4025,5241, # 2096
+1230,1617,1850, 355,3597,4279,4612,3373, 111,4280,3716,1350,3160,3483,3055,4281, # 2112
+2150,3299,3598,5242,2797,4026,4027,3009, 722,2009,5243,1071, 247,1207,2343,2478, # 2128
+1378,4613,2010, 864,1437,1214,4614, 373,3849,1142,2220, 667,4615, 442,2763,2563, # 2144
+3850,4028,1969,4282,3300,1840, 837, 170,1107, 934,1336,1883,5244,5245,2119,4283, # 2160
+2841, 743,1569,5246,4616,4284, 582,2389,1418,3484,5247,1803,5248, 357,1395,1729, # 2176
+3717,3301,2423,1564,2241,5249,3106,3851,1633,4617,1114,2086,4285,1532,5250, 482, # 2192
+2451,4618,5251,5252,1492, 833,1466,5253,2726,3599,1641,2842,5254,1526,1272,3718, # 2208
+4286,1686,1795, 416,2564,1903,1954,1804,5255,3852,2798,3853,1159,2321,5256,2881, # 2224
+4619,1610,1584,3056,2424,2764, 443,3302,1163,3161,5257,5258,4029,5259,4287,2506, # 2240
+3057,4620,4030,3162,2104,1647,3600,2011,1873,4288,5260,4289, 431,3485,5261, 250, # 2256
+  97,  81,4290,5262,1648,1851,1558, 160, 848,5263, 866, 740,1694,5264,2204,2843, # 2272
+3226,4291,4621,3719,1687, 950,2479, 426, 469,3227,3720,3721,4031,5265,5266,1188, # 2288
+ 424,1996, 861,3601,4292,3854,2205,2694, 168,1235,3602,4293,5267,2087,1674,4622, # 2304
+3374,3303, 220,2565,1009,5268,3855, 670,3010, 332,1208, 717,5269,5270,3603,2452, # 2320
+4032,3375,5271, 513,5272,1209,2882,3376,3163,4623,1080,5273,5274,5275,5276,2534, # 2336
+3722,3604, 815,1587,4033,4034,5277,3605,3486,3856,1254,4624,1328,3058,1390,4035, # 2352
+1741,4036,3857,4037,5278, 236,3858,2453,3304,5279,5280,3723,3859,1273,3860,4625, # 2368
+5281, 308,5282,4626, 245,4627,1852,2480,1307,2583, 430, 715,2137,2454,5283, 270, # 2384
+ 199,2883,4038,5284,3606,2727,1753, 761,1754, 725,1661,1841,4628,3487,3724,5285, # 2400
+5286, 587,  14,3305, 227,2608, 326, 480,2270, 943,2765,3607, 291, 650,1884,5287, # 2416
+1702,1226, 102,1547,  62,3488, 904,4629,3489,1164,4294,5288,5289,1224,1548,2766, # 2432
+ 391, 498,1493,5290,1386,1419,5291,2056,1177,4630, 813, 880,1081,2368, 566,1145, # 2448
+4631,2291,1001,1035,2566,2609,2242, 394,1286,5292,5293,2069,5294,  86,1494,1730, # 2464
+4039, 491,1588, 745, 897,2963, 843,3377,4040,2767,2884,3306,1768, 998,2221,2070, # 2480
+ 397,1827,1195,1970,3725,3011,3378, 284,5295,3861,2507,2138,2120,1904,5296,4041, # 2496
+2151,4042,4295,1036,3490,1905, 114,2567,4296, 209,1527,5297,5298,2964,2844,2635, # 2512
+2390,2728,3164, 812,2568,5299,3307,5300,1559, 737,1885,3726,1210, 885,  28,2695, # 2528
+3608,3862,5301,4297,1004,1780,4632,5302, 346,1982,2222,2696,4633,3863,1742, 797, # 2544
+1642,4043,1934,1072,1384,2152, 896,4044,3308,3727,3228,2885,3609,5303,2569,1959, # 2560
+4634,2455,1786,5304,5305,5306,4045,4298,1005,1308,3728,4299,2729,4635,4636,1528, # 2576
+2610, 161,1178,4300,1983, 987,4637,1101,4301, 631,4046,1157,3229,2425,1343,1241, # 2592
+1016,2243,2570, 372, 877,2344,2508,1160, 555,1935, 911,4047,5307, 466,1170, 169, # 2608
+1051,2921,2697,3729,2481,3012,1182,2012,2571,1251,2636,5308, 992,2345,3491,1540, # 2624
+2730,1201,2071,2406,1997,2482,5309,4638, 528,1923,2191,1503,1874,1570,2369,3379, # 2640
+3309,5310, 557,1073,5311,1828,3492,2088,2271,3165,3059,3107, 767,3108,2799,4639, # 2656
+1006,4302,4640,2346,1267,2179,3730,3230, 778,4048,3231,2731,1597,2667,5312,4641, # 2672
+5313,3493,5314,5315,5316,3310,2698,1433,3311, 131,  95,1504,4049, 723,4303,3166, # 2688
+1842,3610,2768,2192,4050,2028,2105,3731,5317,3013,4051,1218,5318,3380,3232,4052, # 2704
+4304,2584, 248,1634,3864, 912,5319,2845,3732,3060,3865, 654,  53,5320,3014,5321, # 2720
+1688,4642, 777,3494,1032,4053,1425,5322, 191, 820,2121,2846, 971,4643, 931,3233, # 2736
+ 135, 664, 783,3866,1998, 772,2922,1936,4054,3867,4644,2923,3234, 282,2732, 640, # 2752
+1372,3495,1127, 922, 325,3381,5323,5324, 711,2045,5325,5326,4055,2223,2800,1937, # 2768
+4056,3382,2224,2255,3868,2305,5327,4645,3869,1258,3312,4057,3235,2139,2965,4058, # 2784
+4059,5328,2225, 258,3236,4646, 101,1227,5329,3313,1755,5330,1391,3314,5331,2924, # 2800
+2057, 893,5332,5333,5334,1402,4305,2347,5335,5336,3237,3611,5337,5338, 878,1325, # 2816
+1781,2801,4647, 259,1385,2585, 744,1183,2272,4648,5339,4060,2509,5340, 684,1024, # 2832
+4306,5341, 472,3612,3496,1165,3315,4061,4062, 322,2153, 881, 455,1695,1152,1340, # 2848
+ 660, 554,2154,4649,1058,4650,4307, 830,1065,3383,4063,4651,1924,5342,1703,1919, # 2864
+5343, 932,2273, 122,5344,4652, 947, 677,5345,3870,2637, 297,1906,1925,2274,4653, # 2880
+2322,3316,5346,5347,4308,5348,4309,  84,4310, 112, 989,5349, 547,1059,4064, 701, # 2896
+3613,1019,5350,4311,5351,3497, 942, 639, 457,2306,2456, 993,2966, 407, 851, 494, # 2912
+4654,3384, 927,5352,1237,5353,2426,3385, 573,4312, 680, 921,2925,1279,1875, 285, # 2928
+ 790,1448,1984, 719,2168,5354,5355,4655,4065,4066,1649,5356,1541, 563,5357,1077, # 2944
+5358,3386,3061,3498, 511,3015,4067,4068,3733,4069,1268,2572,3387,3238,4656,4657, # 2960
+5359, 535,1048,1276,1189,2926,2029,3167,1438,1373,2847,2967,1134,2013,5360,4313, # 2976
+1238,2586,3109,1259,5361, 700,5362,2968,3168,3734,4314,5363,4315,1146,1876,1907, # 2992
+4658,2611,4070, 781,2427, 132,1589, 203, 147, 273,2802,2407, 898,1787,2155,4071, # 3008
+4072,5364,3871,2803,5365,5366,4659,4660,5367,3239,5368,1635,3872, 965,5369,1805, # 3024
+2699,1516,3614,1121,1082,1329,3317,4073,1449,3873,  65,1128,2848,2927,2769,1590, # 3040
+3874,5370,5371,  12,2668,  45, 976,2587,3169,4661, 517,2535,1013,1037,3240,5372, # 3056
+3875,2849,5373,3876,5374,3499,5375,2612, 614,1999,2323,3877,3110,2733,2638,5376, # 3072
+2588,4316, 599,1269,5377,1811,3735,5378,2700,3111, 759,1060, 489,1806,3388,3318, # 3088
+1358,5379,5380,2391,1387,1215,2639,2256, 490,5381,5382,4317,1759,2392,2348,5383, # 3104
+4662,3878,1908,4074,2640,1807,3241,4663,3500,3319,2770,2349, 874,5384,5385,3501, # 3120
+3736,1859,  91,2928,3737,3062,3879,4664,5386,3170,4075,2669,5387,3502,1202,1403, # 3136
+3880,2969,2536,1517,2510,4665,3503,2511,5388,4666,5389,2701,1886,1495,1731,4076, # 3152
+2370,4667,5390,2030,5391,5392,4077,2702,1216, 237,2589,4318,2324,4078,3881,4668, # 3168
+4669,2703,3615,3504, 445,4670,5393,5394,5395,5396,2771,  61,4079,3738,1823,4080, # 3184
+5397, 687,2046, 935, 925, 405,2670, 703,1096,1860,2734,4671,4081,1877,1367,2704, # 3200
+3389, 918,2106,1782,2483, 334,3320,1611,1093,4672, 564,3171,3505,3739,3390, 945, # 3216
+2641,2058,4673,5398,1926, 872,4319,5399,3506,2705,3112, 349,4320,3740,4082,4674, # 3232
+3882,4321,3741,2156,4083,4675,4676,4322,4677,2408,2047, 782,4084, 400, 251,4323, # 3248
+1624,5400,5401, 277,3742, 299,1265, 476,1191,3883,2122,4324,4325,1109, 205,5402, # 3264
+2590,1000,2157,3616,1861,5403,5404,5405,4678,5406,4679,2573, 107,2484,2158,4085, # 3280
+3507,3172,5407,1533, 541,1301, 158, 753,4326,2886,3617,5408,1696, 370,1088,4327, # 3296
+4680,3618, 579, 327, 440, 162,2244, 269,1938,1374,3508, 968,3063,  56,1396,3113, # 3312
+2107,3321,3391,5409,1927,2159,4681,3016,5410,3619,5411,5412,3743,4682,2485,5413, # 3328
+2804,5414,1650,4683,5415,2613,5416,5417,4086,2671,3392,1149,3393,4087,3884,4088, # 3344
+5418,1076,  49,5419, 951,3242,3322,3323, 450,2850, 920,5420,1812,2805,2371,4328, # 3360
+1909,1138,2372,3885,3509,5421,3243,4684,1910,1147,1518,2428,4685,3886,5422,4686, # 3376
+2393,2614, 260,1796,3244,5423,5424,3887,3324, 708,5425,3620,1704,5426,3621,1351, # 3392
+1618,3394,3017,1887, 944,4329,3395,4330,3064,3396,4331,5427,3744, 422, 413,1714, # 3408
+3325, 500,2059,2350,4332,2486,5428,1344,1911, 954,5429,1668,5430,5431,4089,2409, # 3424
+4333,3622,3888,4334,5432,2307,1318,2512,3114, 133,3115,2887,4687, 629,  31,2851, # 3440
+2706,3889,4688, 850, 949,4689,4090,2970,1732,2089,4335,1496,1853,5433,4091, 620, # 3456
+3245, 981,1242,3745,3397,1619,3746,1643,3326,2140,2457,1971,1719,3510,2169,5434, # 3472
+3246,5435,5436,3398,1829,5437,1277,4690,1565,2048,5438,1636,3623,3116,5439, 869, # 3488
+2852, 655,3890,3891,3117,4092,3018,3892,1310,3624,4691,5440,5441,5442,1733, 558, # 3504
+4692,3747, 335,1549,3065,1756,4336,3748,1946,3511,1830,1291,1192, 470,2735,2108, # 3520
+2806, 913,1054,4093,5443,1027,5444,3066,4094,4693, 982,2672,3399,3173,3512,3247, # 3536
+3248,1947,2807,5445, 571,4694,5446,1831,5447,3625,2591,1523,2429,5448,2090, 984, # 3552
+4695,3749,1960,5449,3750, 852, 923,2808,3513,3751, 969,1519, 999,2049,2325,1705, # 3568
+5450,3118, 615,1662, 151, 597,4095,2410,2326,1049, 275,4696,3752,4337, 568,3753, # 3584
+3626,2487,4338,3754,5451,2430,2275, 409,3249,5452,1566,2888,3514,1002, 769,2853, # 3600
+ 194,2091,3174,3755,2226,3327,4339, 628,1505,5453,5454,1763,2180,3019,4096, 521, # 3616
+1161,2592,1788,2206,2411,4697,4097,1625,4340,4341, 412,  42,3119, 464,5455,2642, # 3632
+4698,3400,1760,1571,2889,3515,2537,1219,2207,3893,2643,2141,2373,4699,4700,3328, # 3648
+1651,3401,3627,5456,5457,3628,2488,3516,5458,3756,5459,5460,2276,2092, 460,5461, # 3664
+4701,5462,3020, 962, 588,3629, 289,3250,2644,1116,  52,5463,3067,1797,5464,5465, # 3680
+5466,1467,5467,1598,1143,3757,4342,1985,1734,1067,4702,1280,3402, 465,4703,1572, # 3696
+ 510,5468,1928,2245,1813,1644,3630,5469,4704,3758,5470,5471,2673,1573,1534,5472, # 3712
+5473, 536,1808,1761,3517,3894,3175,2645,5474,5475,5476,4705,3518,2929,1912,2809, # 3728
+5477,3329,1122, 377,3251,5478, 360,5479,5480,4343,1529, 551,5481,2060,3759,1769, # 3744
+2431,5482,2930,4344,3330,3120,2327,2109,2031,4706,1404, 136,1468,1479, 672,1171, # 3760
+3252,2308, 271,3176,5483,2772,5484,2050, 678,2736, 865,1948,4707,5485,2014,4098, # 3776
+2971,5486,2737,2227,1397,3068,3760,4708,4709,1735,2931,3403,3631,5487,3895, 509, # 3792
+2854,2458,2890,3896,5488,5489,3177,3178,4710,4345,2538,4711,2309,1166,1010, 552, # 3808
+ 681,1888,5490,5491,2972,2973,4099,1287,1596,1862,3179, 358, 453, 736, 175, 478, # 3824
+1117, 905,1167,1097,5492,1854,1530,5493,1706,5494,2181,3519,2292,3761,3520,3632, # 3840
+4346,2093,4347,5495,3404,1193,2489,4348,1458,2193,2208,1863,1889,1421,3331,2932, # 3856
+3069,2182,3521, 595,2123,5496,4100,5497,5498,4349,1707,2646, 223,3762,1359, 751, # 3872
+3121, 183,3522,5499,2810,3021, 419,2374, 633, 704,3897,2394, 241,5500,5501,5502, # 3888
+ 838,3022,3763,2277,2773,2459,3898,1939,2051,4101,1309,3122,2246,1181,5503,1136, # 3904
+2209,3899,2375,1446,4350,2310,4712,5504,5505,4351,1055,2615, 484,3764,5506,4102, # 3920
+ 625,4352,2278,3405,1499,4353,4103,5507,4104,4354,3253,2279,2280,3523,5508,5509, # 3936
+2774, 808,2616,3765,3406,4105,4355,3123,2539, 526,3407,3900,4356, 955,5510,1620, # 3952
+4357,2647,2432,5511,1429,3766,1669,1832, 994, 928,5512,3633,1260,5513,5514,5515, # 3968
+1949,2293, 741,2933,1626,4358,2738,2460, 867,1184, 362,3408,1392,5516,5517,4106, # 3984
+4359,1770,1736,3254,2934,4713,4714,1929,2707,1459,1158,5518,3070,3409,2891,1292, # 4000
+1930,2513,2855,3767,1986,1187,2072,2015,2617,4360,5519,2574,2514,2170,3768,2490, # 4016
+3332,5520,3769,4715,5521,5522, 666,1003,3023,1022,3634,4361,5523,4716,1814,2257, # 4032
+ 574,3901,1603, 295,1535, 705,3902,4362, 283, 858, 417,5524,5525,3255,4717,4718, # 4048
+3071,1220,1890,1046,2281,2461,4107,1393,1599, 689,2575, 388,4363,5526,2491, 802, # 4064
+5527,2811,3903,2061,1405,2258,5528,4719,3904,2110,1052,1345,3256,1585,5529, 809, # 4080
+5530,5531,5532, 575,2739,3524, 956,1552,1469,1144,2328,5533,2329,1560,2462,3635, # 4096
+3257,4108, 616,2210,4364,3180,2183,2294,5534,1833,5535,3525,4720,5536,1319,3770, # 4112
+3771,1211,3636,1023,3258,1293,2812,5537,5538,5539,3905, 607,2311,3906, 762,2892, # 4128
+1439,4365,1360,4721,1485,3072,5540,4722,1038,4366,1450,2062,2648,4367,1379,4723, # 4144
+2593,5541,5542,4368,1352,1414,2330,2935,1172,5543,5544,3907,3908,4724,1798,1451, # 4160
+5545,5546,5547,5548,2936,4109,4110,2492,2351, 411,4111,4112,3637,3333,3124,4725, # 4176
+1561,2674,1452,4113,1375,5549,5550,  47,2974, 316,5551,1406,1591,2937,3181,5552, # 4192
+1025,2142,3125,3182, 354,2740, 884,2228,4369,2412, 508,3772, 726,3638, 996,2433, # 4208
+3639, 729,5553, 392,2194,1453,4114,4726,3773,5554,5555,2463,3640,2618,1675,2813, # 4224
+ 919,2352,2975,2353,1270,4727,4115,  73,5556,5557, 647,5558,3259,2856,2259,1550, # 4240
+1346,3024,5559,1332, 883,3526,5560,5561,5562,5563,3334,2775,5564,1212, 831,1347, # 4256
+4370,4728,2331,3909,1864,3073, 720,3910,4729,4730,3911,5565,4371,5566,5567,4731, # 4272
+5568,5569,1799,4732,3774,2619,4733,3641,1645,2376,4734,5570,2938, 669,2211,2675, # 4288
+2434,5571,2893,5572,5573,1028,3260,5574,4372,2413,5575,2260,1353,5576,5577,4735, # 4304
+3183, 518,5578,4116,5579,4373,1961,5580,2143,4374,5581,5582,3025,2354,2355,3912, # 4320
+ 516,1834,1454,4117,2708,4375,4736,2229,2620,1972,1129,3642,5583,2776,5584,2976, # 4336
+1422, 577,1470,3026,1524,3410,5585,5586, 432,4376,3074,3527,5587,2594,1455,2515, # 4352
+2230,1973,1175,5588,1020,2741,4118,3528,4737,5589,2742,5590,1743,1361,3075,3529, # 4368
+2649,4119,4377,4738,2295, 895, 924,4378,2171, 331,2247,3076, 166,1627,3077,1098, # 4384
+5591,1232,2894,2231,3411,4739, 657, 403,1196,2377, 542,3775,3412,1600,4379,3530, # 4400
+5592,4740,2777,3261, 576, 530,1362,4741,4742,2540,2676,3776,4120,5593, 842,3913, # 4416
+5594,2814,2032,1014,4121, 213,2709,3413, 665, 621,4380,5595,3777,2939,2435,5596, # 4432
+2436,3335,3643,3414,4743,4381,2541,4382,4744,3644,1682,4383,3531,1380,5597, 724, # 4448
+2282, 600,1670,5598,1337,1233,4745,3126,2248,5599,1621,4746,5600, 651,4384,5601, # 4464
+1612,4385,2621,5602,2857,5603,2743,2312,3078,5604, 716,2464,3079, 174,1255,2710, # 4480
+4122,3645, 548,1320,1398, 728,4123,1574,5605,1891,1197,3080,4124,5606,3081,3082, # 4496
+3778,3646,3779, 747,5607, 635,4386,4747,5608,5609,5610,4387,5611,5612,4748,5613, # 4512
+3415,4749,2437, 451,5614,3780,2542,2073,4388,2744,4389,4125,5615,1764,4750,5616, # 4528
+4390, 350,4751,2283,2395,2493,5617,4391,4126,2249,1434,4127, 488,4752, 458,4392, # 4544
+4128,3781, 771,1330,2396,3914,2576,3184,2160,2414,1553,2677,3185,4393,5618,2494, # 4560
+2895,2622,1720,2711,4394,3416,4753,5619,2543,4395,5620,3262,4396,2778,5621,2016, # 4576
+2745,5622,1155,1017,3782,3915,5623,3336,2313, 201,1865,4397,1430,5624,4129,5625, # 4592
+5626,5627,5628,5629,4398,1604,5630, 414,1866, 371,2595,4754,4755,3532,2017,3127, # 4608
+4756,1708, 960,4399, 887, 389,2172,1536,1663,1721,5631,2232,4130,2356,2940,1580, # 4624
+5632,5633,1744,4757,2544,4758,4759,5634,4760,5635,2074,5636,4761,3647,3417,2896, # 4640
+4400,5637,4401,2650,3418,2815, 673,2712,2465, 709,3533,4131,3648,4402,5638,1148, # 4656
+ 502, 634,5639,5640,1204,4762,3649,1575,4763,2623,3783,5641,3784,3128, 948,3263, # 4672
+ 121,1745,3916,1110,5642,4403,3083,2516,3027,4132,3785,1151,1771,3917,1488,4133, # 4688
+1987,5643,2438,3534,5644,5645,2094,5646,4404,3918,1213,1407,2816, 531,2746,2545, # 4704
+3264,1011,1537,4764,2779,4405,3129,1061,5647,3786,3787,1867,2897,5648,2018, 120, # 4720
+4406,4407,2063,3650,3265,2314,3919,2678,3419,1955,4765,4134,5649,3535,1047,2713, # 4736
+1266,5650,1368,4766,2858, 649,3420,3920,2546,2747,1102,2859,2679,5651,5652,2000, # 4752
+5653,1111,3651,2977,5654,2495,3921,3652,2817,1855,3421,3788,5655,5656,3422,2415, # 4768
+2898,3337,3266,3653,5657,2577,5658,3654,2818,4135,1460, 856,5659,3655,5660,2899, # 4784
+2978,5661,2900,3922,5662,4408, 632,2517, 875,3923,1697,3924,2296,5663,5664,4767, # 4800
+3028,1239, 580,4768,4409,5665, 914, 936,2075,1190,4136,1039,2124,5666,5667,5668, # 4816
+5669,3423,1473,5670,1354,4410,3925,4769,2173,3084,4137, 915,3338,4411,4412,3339, # 4832
+1605,1835,5671,2748, 398,3656,4413,3926,4138, 328,1913,2860,4139,3927,1331,4414, # 4848
+3029, 937,4415,5672,3657,4140,4141,3424,2161,4770,3425, 524, 742, 538,3085,1012, # 4864
+5673,5674,3928,2466,5675, 658,1103, 225,3929,5676,5677,4771,5678,4772,5679,3267, # 4880
+1243,5680,4142, 963,2250,4773,5681,2714,3658,3186,5682,5683,2596,2332,5684,4774, # 4896
+5685,5686,5687,3536, 957,3426,2547,2033,1931,2941,2467, 870,2019,3659,1746,2780, # 4912
+2781,2439,2468,5688,3930,5689,3789,3130,3790,3537,3427,3791,5690,1179,3086,5691, # 4928
+3187,2378,4416,3792,2548,3188,3131,2749,4143,5692,3428,1556,2549,2297, 977,2901, # 4944
+2034,4144,1205,3429,5693,1765,3430,3189,2125,1271, 714,1689,4775,3538,5694,2333, # 4960
+3931, 533,4417,3660,2184, 617,5695,2469,3340,3539,2315,5696,5697,3190,5698,5699, # 4976
+3932,1988, 618, 427,2651,3540,3431,5700,5701,1244,1690,5702,2819,4418,4776,5703, # 4992
+3541,4777,5704,2284,1576, 473,3661,4419,3432, 972,5705,3662,5706,3087,5707,5708, # 5008
+4778,4779,5709,3793,4145,4146,5710, 153,4780, 356,5711,1892,2902,4420,2144, 408, # 5024
+ 803,2357,5712,3933,5713,4421,1646,2578,2518,4781,4782,3934,5714,3935,4422,5715, # 5040
+2416,3433, 752,5716,5717,1962,3341,2979,5718, 746,3030,2470,4783,4423,3794, 698, # 5056
+4784,1893,4424,3663,2550,4785,3664,3936,5719,3191,3434,5720,1824,1302,4147,2715, # 5072
+3937,1974,4425,5721,4426,3192, 823,1303,1288,1236,2861,3542,4148,3435, 774,3938, # 5088
+5722,1581,4786,1304,2862,3939,4787,5723,2440,2162,1083,3268,4427,4149,4428, 344, # 5104
+1173, 288,2316, 454,1683,5724,5725,1461,4788,4150,2597,5726,5727,4789, 985, 894, # 5120
+5728,3436,3193,5729,1914,2942,3795,1989,5730,2111,1975,5731,4151,5732,2579,1194, # 5136
+ 425,5733,4790,3194,1245,3796,4429,5734,5735,2863,5736, 636,4791,1856,3940, 760, # 5152
+1800,5737,4430,2212,1508,4792,4152,1894,1684,2298,5738,5739,4793,4431,4432,2213, # 5168
+ 479,5740,5741, 832,5742,4153,2496,5743,2980,2497,3797, 990,3132, 627,1815,2652, # 5184
+4433,1582,4434,2126,2112,3543,4794,5744, 799,4435,3195,5745,4795,2113,1737,3031, # 5200
+1018, 543, 754,4436,3342,1676,4796,4797,4154,4798,1489,5746,3544,5747,2624,2903, # 5216
+4155,5748,5749,2981,5750,5751,5752,5753,3196,4799,4800,2185,1722,5754,3269,3270, # 5232
+1843,3665,1715, 481, 365,1976,1857,5755,5756,1963,2498,4801,5757,2127,3666,3271, # 5248
+ 433,1895,2064,2076,5758, 602,2750,5759,5760,5761,5762,5763,3032,1628,3437,5764, # 5264
+3197,4802,4156,2904,4803,2519,5765,2551,2782,5766,5767,5768,3343,4804,2905,5769, # 5280
+4805,5770,2864,4806,4807,1221,2982,4157,2520,5771,5772,5773,1868,1990,5774,5775, # 5296
+5776,1896,5777,5778,4808,1897,4158, 318,5779,2095,4159,4437,5780,5781, 485,5782, # 5312
+ 938,3941, 553,2680, 116,5783,3942,3667,5784,3545,2681,2783,3438,3344,2820,5785, # 5328
+3668,2943,4160,1747,2944,2983,5786,5787, 207,5788,4809,5789,4810,2521,5790,3033, # 5344
+ 890,3669,3943,5791,1878,3798,3439,5792,2186,2358,3440,1652,5793,5794,5795, 941, # 5360
+2299, 208,3546,4161,2020, 330,4438,3944,2906,2499,3799,4439,4811,5796,5797,5798, # 5376
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5prober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef09c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import Big5DistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import BIG5_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class Big5Prober(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(BIG5_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = Big5DistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "Big5"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Chinese"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/chardistribution.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/chardistribution.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..176cb99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/chardistribution.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Tuple, Union
+
+from .big5freq import (
+    BIG5_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    BIG5_TABLE_SIZE,
+    BIG5_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .euckrfreq import (
+    EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE,
+    EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .euctwfreq import (
+    EUCTW_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    EUCTW_TABLE_SIZE,
+    EUCTW_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .gb2312freq import (
+    GB2312_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    GB2312_TABLE_SIZE,
+    GB2312_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .jisfreq import (
+    JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    JIS_TABLE_SIZE,
+    JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .johabfreq import JOHAB_TO_EUCKR_ORDER_TABLE
+
+
+class CharDistributionAnalysis:
+    ENOUGH_DATA_THRESHOLD = 1024
+    SURE_YES = 0.99
+    SURE_NO = 0.01
+    MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD = 3
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Mapping table to get frequency order from char order (get from
+        # GetOrder())
+        self._char_to_freq_order: Tuple[int, ...] = tuple()
+        self._table_size = 0  # Size of above table
+        # This is a constant value which varies from language to language,
+        # used in calculating confidence.  See
+        # http://www.mozilla.org/projects/intl/UniversalCharsetDetection.html
+        # for further detail.
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = 0.0
+        self._done = False
+        self._total_chars = 0
+        self._freq_chars = 0
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """reset analyser, clear any state"""
+        # If this flag is set to True, detection is done and conclusion has
+        # been made
+        self._done = False
+        self._total_chars = 0  # Total characters encountered
+        # The number of characters whose frequency order is less than 512
+        self._freq_chars = 0
+
+    def feed(self, char: Union[bytes, bytearray], char_len: int) -> None:
+        """feed a character with known length"""
+        if char_len == 2:
+            # we only care about 2-bytes character in our distribution analysis
+            order = self.get_order(char)
+        else:
+            order = -1
+        if order >= 0:
+            self._total_chars += 1
+            # order is valid
+            if order < self._table_size:
+                if 512 > self._char_to_freq_order[order]:
+                    self._freq_chars += 1
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        """return confidence based on existing data"""
+        # if we didn't receive any character in our consideration range,
+        # return negative answer
+        if self._total_chars <= 0 or self._freq_chars <= self.MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD:
+            return self.SURE_NO
+
+        if self._total_chars != self._freq_chars:
+            r = self._freq_chars / (
+                (self._total_chars - self._freq_chars) * self.typical_distribution_ratio
+            )
+            if r < self.SURE_YES:
+                return r
+
+        # normalize confidence (we don't want to be 100% sure)
+        return self.SURE_YES
+
+    def got_enough_data(self) -> bool:
+        # It is not necessary to receive all data to draw conclusion.
+        # For charset detection, certain amount of data is enough
+        return self._total_chars > self.ENOUGH_DATA_THRESHOLD
+
+    def get_order(self, _: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # We do not handle characters based on the original encoding string,
+        # but convert this encoding string to a number, here called order.
+        # This allows multiple encodings of a language to share one frequency
+        # table.
+        return -1
+
+
+class EUCTWDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = EUCTW_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = EUCTW_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = EUCTW_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for euc-TW encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xc4 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if first_char >= 0xC4:
+            return 94 * (first_char - 0xC4) + byte_str[1] - 0xA1
+        return -1
+
+
+class EUCKRDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for euc-KR encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xb0 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if first_char >= 0xB0:
+            return 94 * (first_char - 0xB0) + byte_str[1] - 0xA1
+        return -1
+
+
+class JOHABDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if 0x88 <= first_char < 0xD4:
+            code = first_char * 256 + byte_str[1]
+            return JOHAB_TO_EUCKR_ORDER_TABLE.get(code, -1)
+        return -1
+
+
+class GB2312DistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = GB2312_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = GB2312_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = GB2312_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for GB2312 encoding, we are interested
+        #  first  byte range: 0xb0 -- 0xfe
+        #  second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char, second_char = byte_str[0], byte_str[1]
+        if (first_char >= 0xB0) and (second_char >= 0xA1):
+            return 94 * (first_char - 0xB0) + second_char - 0xA1
+        return -1
+
+
+class Big5DistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = BIG5_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = BIG5_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = BIG5_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for big5 encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xa4 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0x40 -- 0x7e , 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char, second_char = byte_str[0], byte_str[1]
+        if first_char >= 0xA4:
+            if second_char >= 0xA1:
+                return 157 * (first_char - 0xA4) + second_char - 0xA1 + 63
+            return 157 * (first_char - 0xA4) + second_char - 0x40
+        return -1
+
+
+class SJISDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = JIS_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for sjis encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0x81 -- 0x9f , 0xe0 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0x40 -- 0x7e,  0x81 -- oxfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char, second_char = byte_str[0], byte_str[1]
+        if 0x81 <= first_char <= 0x9F:
+            order = 188 * (first_char - 0x81)
+        elif 0xE0 <= first_char <= 0xEF:
+            order = 188 * (first_char - 0xE0 + 31)
+        else:
+            return -1
+        order = order + second_char - 0x40
+        if second_char > 0x7F:
+            order = -1
+        return order
+
+
+class EUCJPDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = JIS_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for euc-JP encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xa0 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        char = byte_str[0]
+        if char >= 0xA0:
+            return 94 * (char - 0xA1) + byte_str[1] - 0xA1
+        return -1
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetgroupprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetgroupprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6def56b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetgroupprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, ProbingState
+
+
+class CharSetGroupProber(CharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self._active_num = 0
+        self.probers: List[CharSetProber] = []
+        self._best_guess_prober: Optional[CharSetProber] = None
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self._active_num = 0
+        for prober in self.probers:
+            prober.reset()
+            prober.active = True
+            self._active_num += 1
+        self._best_guess_prober = None
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not self._best_guess_prober:
+            self.get_confidence()
+            if not self._best_guess_prober:
+                return None
+        return self._best_guess_prober.charset_name
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not self._best_guess_prober:
+            self.get_confidence()
+            if not self._best_guess_prober:
+                return None
+        return self._best_guess_prober.language
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for prober in self.probers:
+            if not prober.active:
+                continue
+            state = prober.feed(byte_str)
+            if not state:
+                continue
+            if state == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                self._best_guess_prober = prober
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                return self.state
+            if state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+                prober.active = False
+                self._active_num -= 1
+                if self._active_num <= 0:
+                    self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                    return self.state
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        state = self.state
+        if state == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+            return 0.99
+        if state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            return 0.01
+        best_conf = 0.0
+        self._best_guess_prober = None
+        for prober in self.probers:
+            if not prober.active:
+                self.logger.debug("%s not active", prober.charset_name)
+                continue
+            conf = prober.get_confidence()
+            self.logger.debug(
+                "%s %s confidence = %s", prober.charset_name, prober.language, conf
+            )
+            if best_conf < conf:
+                best_conf = conf
+                self._best_guess_prober = prober
+        if not self._best_guess_prober:
+            return 0.0
+        return best_conf
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a103ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, ProbingState
+
+INTERNATIONAL_WORDS_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    b"[a-zA-Z]*[\x80-\xFF]+[a-zA-Z]*[^a-zA-Z\x80-\xFF]?"
+)
+
+
+class CharSetProber:
+
+    SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD = 0.95
+
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.active = True
+        self.lang_filter = lang_filter
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> ProbingState:
+        return self._state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        return 0.0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def filter_high_byte_only(buf: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytes:
+        buf = re.sub(b"([\x00-\x7F])+", b" ", buf)
+        return buf
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def filter_international_words(buf: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytearray:
+        """
+        We define three types of bytes:
+        alphabet: english alphabets [a-zA-Z]
+        international: international characters [\x80-\xFF]
+        marker: everything else [^a-zA-Z\x80-\xFF]
+        The input buffer can be thought to contain a series of words delimited
+        by markers. This function works to filter all words that contain at
+        least one international character. All contiguous sequences of markers
+        are replaced by a single space ascii character.
+        This filter applies to all scripts which do not use English characters.
+        """
+        filtered = bytearray()
+
+        # This regex expression filters out only words that have at-least one
+        # international character. The word may include one marker character at
+        # the end.
+        words = INTERNATIONAL_WORDS_PATTERN.findall(buf)
+
+        for word in words:
+            filtered.extend(word[:-1])
+
+            # If the last character in the word is a marker, replace it with a
+            # space as markers shouldn't affect our analysis (they are used
+            # similarly across all languages and may thus have similar
+            # frequencies).
+            last_char = word[-1:]
+            if not last_char.isalpha() and last_char < b"\x80":
+                last_char = b" "
+            filtered.extend(last_char)
+
+        return filtered
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def remove_xml_tags(buf: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns a copy of ``buf`` that retains only the sequences of English
+        alphabet and high byte characters that are not between <> characters.
+        This filter can be applied to all scripts which contain both English
+        characters and extended ASCII characters, but is currently only used by
+        ``Latin1Prober``.
+        """
+        filtered = bytearray()
+        in_tag = False
+        prev = 0
+        buf = memoryview(buf).cast("c")
+
+        for curr, buf_char in enumerate(buf):
+            # Check if we're coming out of or entering an XML tag
+
+            # https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/8182
+            if buf_char == b">":  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+                prev = curr + 1
+                in_tag = False
+            # https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/8182
+            elif buf_char == b"<":  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+                if curr > prev and not in_tag:
+                    # Keep everything after last non-extended-ASCII,
+                    # non-alphabetic character
+                    filtered.extend(buf[prev:curr])
+                    # Output a space to delimit stretch we kept
+                    filtered.extend(b" ")
+                in_tag = True
+
+        # If we're not in a tag...
+        if not in_tag:
+            # Keep everything after last non-extended-ASCII, non-alphabetic
+            # character
+            filtered.extend(buf[prev:])
+
+        return filtered
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__pycache__/chardetect.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__pycache__/chardetect.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/chardetect.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/chardetect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43f6e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/chardetect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""
+Script which takes one or more file paths and reports on their detected
+encodings
+
+Example::
+
+    % chardetect somefile someotherfile
+    somefile: windows-1252 with confidence 0.5
+    someotherfile: ascii with confidence 1.0
+
+If no paths are provided, it takes its input from stdin.
+
+"""
+
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from .. import __version__
+from ..universaldetector import UniversalDetector
+
+
+def description_of(
+    lines: Iterable[bytes],
+    name: str = "stdin",
+    minimal: bool = False,
+    should_rename_legacy: bool = False,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return a string describing the probable encoding of a file or
+    list of strings.
+
+    :param lines: The lines to get the encoding of.
+    :type lines: Iterable of bytes
+    :param name: Name of file or collection of lines
+    :type name: str
+    :param should_rename_legacy:  Should we rename legacy encodings to
+                                  their more modern equivalents?
+    :type should_rename_legacy:   ``bool``
+    """
+    u = UniversalDetector(should_rename_legacy=should_rename_legacy)
+    for line in lines:
+        line = bytearray(line)
+        u.feed(line)
+        # shortcut out of the loop to save reading further - particularly useful if we read a BOM.
+        if u.done:
+            break
+    u.close()
+    result = u.result
+    if minimal:
+        return result["encoding"]
+    if result["encoding"]:
+        return f'{name}: {result["encoding"]} with confidence {result["confidence"]}'
+    return f"{name}: no result"
+
+
+def main(argv: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
+    """
+    Handles command line arguments and gets things started.
+
+    :param argv: List of arguments, as if specified on the command-line.
+                 If None, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used instead.
+    :type argv: list of str
+    """
+    # Get command line arguments
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=(
+            "Takes one or more file paths and reports their detected encodings"
+        )
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "input",
+        help="File whose encoding we would like to determine. (default: stdin)",
+        type=argparse.FileType("rb"),
+        nargs="*",
+        default=[sys.stdin.buffer],
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--minimal",
+        help="Print only the encoding to standard output",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l",
+        "--legacy",
+        help="Rename legacy encodings to more modern ones.",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--version", action="version", version=f"%(prog)s {__version__}"
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    for f in args.input:
+        if f.isatty():
+            print(
+                "You are running chardetect interactively. Press "
+                "CTRL-D twice at the start of a blank line to signal the "
+                "end of your input. If you want help, run chardetect "
+                "--help\n",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+        print(
+            description_of(
+                f, f.name, minimal=args.minimal, should_rename_legacy=args.legacy
+            )
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachine.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ed4a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+import logging
+
+from .codingstatemachinedict import CodingStateMachineDict
+from .enums import MachineState
+
+
+class CodingStateMachine:
+    """
+    A state machine to verify a byte sequence for a particular encoding. For
+    each byte the detector receives, it will feed that byte to every active
+    state machine available, one byte at a time. The state machine changes its
+    state based on its previous state and the byte it receives. There are 3
+    states in a state machine that are of interest to an auto-detector:
+
+    START state: This is the state to start with, or a legal byte sequence
+                 (i.e. a valid code point) for character has been identified.
+
+    ME state:  This indicates that the state machine identified a byte sequence
+               that is specific to the charset it is designed for and that
+               there is no other possible encoding which can contain this byte
+               sequence. This will to lead to an immediate positive answer for
+               the detector.
+
+    ERROR state: This indicates the state machine identified an illegal byte
+                 sequence for that encoding. This will lead to an immediate
+                 negative answer for this encoding. Detector will exclude this
+                 encoding from consideration from here on.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sm: CodingStateMachineDict) -> None:
+        self._model = sm
+        self._curr_byte_pos = 0
+        self._curr_char_len = 0
+        self._curr_state = MachineState.START
+        self.active = True
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._curr_state = MachineState.START
+
+    def next_state(self, c: int) -> int:
+        # for each byte we get its class
+        # if it is first byte, we also get byte length
+        byte_class = self._model["class_table"][c]
+        if self._curr_state == MachineState.START:
+            self._curr_byte_pos = 0
+            self._curr_char_len = self._model["char_len_table"][byte_class]
+        # from byte's class and state_table, we get its next state
+        curr_state = self._curr_state * self._model["class_factor"] + byte_class
+        self._curr_state = self._model["state_table"][curr_state]
+        self._curr_byte_pos += 1
+        return self._curr_state
+
+    def get_current_charlen(self) -> int:
+        return self._curr_char_len
+
+    def get_coding_state_machine(self) -> str:
+        return self._model["name"]
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return self._model["language"]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachinedict.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachinedict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a3c4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachinedict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TypedDict was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove the else block and TYPE_CHECKING check when dropping support
+    # for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class CodingStateMachineDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+        class_table: Tuple[int, ...]
+        class_factor: int
+        state_table: Tuple[int, ...]
+        char_len_table: Tuple[int, ...]
+        name: str
+        language: str  # Optional key
+
+else:
+    CodingStateMachineDict = dict
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cp949prober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cp949prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa7307e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cp949prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCKRDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import CP949_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class CP949Prober(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(CP949_SM_MODEL)
+        # NOTE: CP949 is a superset of EUC-KR, so the distribution should be
+        #       not different.
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCKRDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "CP949"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Korean"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/enums.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/enums.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e3e198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/enums.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""
+All of the Enums that are used throughout the chardet package.
+
+:author: Dan Blanchard (dan.blanchard@gmail.com)
+"""
+
+from enum import Enum, Flag
+
+
+class InputState:
+    """
+    This enum represents the different states a universal detector can be in.
+    """
+
+    PURE_ASCII = 0
+    ESC_ASCII = 1
+    HIGH_BYTE = 2
+
+
+class LanguageFilter(Flag):
+    """
+    This enum represents the different language filters we can apply to a
+    ``UniversalDetector``.
+    """
+
+    NONE = 0x00
+    CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED = 0x01
+    CHINESE_TRADITIONAL = 0x02
+    JAPANESE = 0x04
+    KOREAN = 0x08
+    NON_CJK = 0x10
+    ALL = 0x1F
+    CHINESE = CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED | CHINESE_TRADITIONAL
+    CJK = CHINESE | JAPANESE | KOREAN
+
+
+class ProbingState(Enum):
+    """
+    This enum represents the different states a prober can be in.
+    """
+
+    DETECTING = 0
+    FOUND_IT = 1
+    NOT_ME = 2
+
+
+class MachineState:
+    """
+    This enum represents the different states a state machine can be in.
+    """
+
+    START = 0
+    ERROR = 1
+    ITS_ME = 2
+
+
+class SequenceLikelihood:
+    """
+    This enum represents the likelihood of a character following the previous one.
+    """
+
+    NEGATIVE = 0
+    UNLIKELY = 1
+    LIKELY = 2
+    POSITIVE = 3
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_num_categories(cls) -> int:
+        """:returns: The number of likelihood categories in the enum."""
+        return 4
+
+
+class CharacterCategory:
+    """
+    This enum represents the different categories language models for
+    ``SingleByteCharsetProber`` put characters into.
+
+    Anything less than CONTROL is considered a letter.
+    """
+
+    UNDEFINED = 255
+    LINE_BREAK = 254
+    SYMBOL = 253
+    DIGIT = 252
+    CONTROL = 251
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd71383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, MachineState, ProbingState
+from .escsm import (
+    HZ_SM_MODEL,
+    ISO2022CN_SM_MODEL,
+    ISO2022JP_SM_MODEL,
+    ISO2022KR_SM_MODEL,
+)
+
+
+class EscCharSetProber(CharSetProber):
+    """
+    This CharSetProber uses a "code scheme" approach for detecting encodings,
+    whereby easily recognizable escape or shift sequences are relied on to
+    identify these encodings.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self.coding_sm = []
+        if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED:
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(HZ_SM_MODEL))
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(ISO2022CN_SM_MODEL))
+        if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.JAPANESE:
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(ISO2022JP_SM_MODEL))
+        if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.KOREAN:
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(ISO2022KR_SM_MODEL))
+        self.active_sm_count = 0
+        self._detected_charset: Optional[str] = None
+        self._detected_language: Optional[str] = None
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        for coding_sm in self.coding_sm:
+            coding_sm.active = True
+            coding_sm.reset()
+        self.active_sm_count = len(self.coding_sm)
+        self._detected_charset = None
+        self._detected_language = None
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._detected_charset
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._detected_language
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        return 0.99 if self._detected_charset else 0.00
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for c in byte_str:
+            for coding_sm in self.coding_sm:
+                if not coding_sm.active:
+                    continue
+                coding_state = coding_sm.next_state(c)
+                if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                    coding_sm.active = False
+                    self.active_sm_count -= 1
+                    if self.active_sm_count <= 0:
+                        self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                        return self.state
+                elif coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                    self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                    self._detected_charset = coding_sm.get_coding_state_machine()
+                    self._detected_language = coding_sm.language
+                    return self.state
+
+        return self.state
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escsm.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escsm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11d4adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escsm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License,  or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not,  write to the Free Software
+# Foundation,  Inc.,  51 Franklin St,  Fifth Floor,  Boston,  MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .codingstatemachinedict import CodingStateMachineDict
+from .enums import MachineState
+
+# fmt: off
+HZ_CLS = (
+    1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 5, 2, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 80 - 87
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 88 - 8f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 90 - 97
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 98 - 9f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # a0 - a7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # a8 - af
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b0 - b7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b8 - bf
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # c0 - c7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # c8 - cf
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # d0 - d7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # d8 - df
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # e0 - e7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # e8 - ef
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # f0 - f7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+HZ_ST = (
+MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR,      3, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 00-07
+MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 08-0f
+MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 10-17
+     5, MachineState.ERROR,      6, MachineState.ERROR,      5,      5,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+     4, MachineState.ERROR,      4,      4,      4, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 20-27
+     4, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 28-2f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+HZ_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+HZ_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": HZ_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": HZ_ST,
+    "char_len_table": HZ_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "HZ-GB-2312",
+    "language": "Chinese",
+}
+
+# fmt: off
+ISO2022CN_CLS = (
+    2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 80 - 87
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 88 - 8f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 90 - 97
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 98 - 9f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+ISO2022CN_ST = (
+    MachineState.START,      3, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 00-07
+    MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 10-17
+    MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 20-27
+        5,      6, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 28-2f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 30-37
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, # 38-3f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+ISO2022CN_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ISO2022CN_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": ISO2022CN_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 9,
+    "state_table": ISO2022CN_ST,
+    "char_len_table": ISO2022CN_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "ISO-2022-CN",
+    "language": "Chinese",
+}
+
+# fmt: off
+ISO2022JP_CLS = (
+    2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    6, 0, 4, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 80 - 87
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 88 - 8f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 90 - 97
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 98 - 9f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+ISO2022JP_ST = (
+    MachineState.START,      3, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 00-07
+    MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 10-17
+    MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR,      5, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 20-27
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      6, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, # 28-2f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 30-37
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 38-3f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 40-47
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+ISO2022JP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ISO2022JP_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": ISO2022JP_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 10,
+    "state_table": ISO2022JP_ST,
+    "char_len_table": ISO2022JP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "ISO-2022-JP",
+    "language": "Japanese",
+}
+
+# fmt: off
+ISO2022KR_CLS = (
+    2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 80 - 87
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 88 - 8f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 90 - 97
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 98 - 9f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+ISO2022KR_ST = (
+    MachineState.START,      3, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 10-17
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      5, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 20-27
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+ISO2022KR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ISO2022KR_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": ISO2022KR_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": ISO2022KR_ST,
+    "char_len_table": ISO2022KR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "ISO-2022-KR",
+    "language": "Korean",
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/eucjpprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/eucjpprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39487f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/eucjpprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Union
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCJPDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import MachineState, ProbingState
+from .jpcntx import EUCJPContextAnalysis
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import EUCJP_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class EUCJPProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(EUCJP_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCJPDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.context_analyzer = EUCJPContextAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.context_analyzer.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "EUC-JP"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Japanese"
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self.coding_sm is not None
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        for i, byte in enumerate(byte_str):
+            # PY3K: byte_str is a byte array, so byte is an int, not a byte
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(byte)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "%s %s prober hit error at byte %s",
+                    self.charset_name,
+                    self.language,
+                    i,
+                )
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                char_len = self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen()
+                if i == 0:
+                    self._last_char[1] = byte
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                else:
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+
+        self._last_char[0] = byte_str[-1]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.context_analyzer.got_enough_data() and (
+                self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD
+            ):
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        context_conf = self.context_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        distrib_conf = self.distribution_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        return max(context_conf, distrib_conf)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrfreq.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc3b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# Sampling from about 20M text materials include literature and computer technology
+
+# 128  --> 0.79
+# 256  --> 0.92
+# 512  --> 0.986
+# 1024 --> 0.99944
+# 2048 --> 0.99999
+#
+# Idea Distribution Ratio = 0.98653 / (1-0.98653) = 73.24
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512 / (2350-512) = 0.279.
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio
+
+EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 6.0
+
+EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE = 2352
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table ,
+# fmt: off
+EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+  13, 130, 120,1396, 481,1719,1720, 328, 609, 212,1721, 707, 400, 299,1722,  87,
+1397,1723, 104, 536,1117,1203,1724,1267, 685,1268, 508,1725,1726,1727,1728,1398,
+1399,1729,1730,1731, 141, 621, 326,1057, 368,1732, 267, 488,  20,1733,1269,1734,
+ 945,1400,1735,  47, 904,1270,1736,1737, 773, 248,1738, 409, 313, 786, 429,1739,
+ 116, 987, 813,1401, 683,  75,1204, 145,1740,1741,1742,1743,  16, 847, 667, 622,
+ 708,1744,1745,1746, 966, 787, 304, 129,1747,  60, 820, 123, 676,1748,1749,1750,
+1751, 617,1752, 626,1753,1754,1755,1756, 653,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762, 856,
+ 344,1763,1764,1765,1766,  89, 401, 418, 806, 905, 848,1767,1768,1769, 946,1205,
+ 709,1770,1118,1771, 241,1772,1773,1774,1271,1775, 569,1776, 999,1777,1778,1779,
+1780, 337, 751,1058,  28, 628, 254,1781, 177, 906, 270, 349, 891,1079,1782,  19,
+1783, 379,1784, 315,1785, 629, 754,1402, 559,1786, 636, 203,1206,1787, 710, 567,
+1788, 935, 814,1789,1790,1207, 766, 528,1791,1792,1208,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,
+1403,1798,1799, 533,1059,1404,1405,1156,1406, 936, 884,1080,1800, 351,1801,1802,
+1803,1804,1805, 801,1806,1807,1808,1119,1809,1157, 714, 474,1407,1810, 298, 899,
+ 885,1811,1120, 802,1158,1812, 892,1813,1814,1408, 659,1815,1816,1121,1817,1818,
+1819,1820,1821,1822, 319,1823, 594, 545,1824, 815, 937,1209,1825,1826, 573,1409,
+1022,1827,1210,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833, 556, 722, 807,1122,1060,1834, 697,
+1835, 900, 557, 715,1836,1410, 540,1411, 752,1159, 294, 597,1211, 976, 803, 770,
+1412,1837,1838,  39, 794,1413, 358,1839, 371, 925,1840, 453, 661, 788, 531, 723,
+ 544,1023,1081, 869,  91,1841, 392, 430, 790, 602,1414, 677,1082, 457,1415,1416,
+1842,1843, 475, 327,1024,1417, 795, 121,1844, 733, 403,1418,1845,1846,1847, 300,
+ 119, 711,1212, 627,1848,1272, 207,1849,1850, 796,1213, 382,1851, 519,1852,1083,
+ 893,1853,1854,1855, 367, 809, 487, 671,1856, 663,1857,1858, 956, 471, 306, 857,
+1859,1860,1160,1084,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1061,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,
+ 282,  96, 574,1872, 502,1085,1873,1214,1874, 907,1875,1876, 827, 977,1419,1420,
+1421, 268,1877,1422,1878,1879,1880, 308,1881,   2, 537,1882,1883,1215,1884,1885,
+ 127, 791,1886,1273,1423,1887,  34, 336, 404, 643,1888, 571, 654, 894, 840,1889,
+   0, 886,1274, 122, 575, 260, 908, 938,1890,1275, 410, 316,1891,1892, 100,1893,
+1894,1123,  48,1161,1124,1025,1895, 633, 901,1276,1896,1897, 115, 816,1898, 317,
+1899, 694,1900, 909, 734,1424, 572, 866,1425, 691,  85, 524,1010, 543, 394, 841,
+1901,1902,1903,1026,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,  30, 451, 651, 988, 310,1910,
+1911,1426, 810,1216,  93,1912,1913,1277,1217,1914, 858, 759,  45,  58, 181, 610,
+ 269,1915,1916, 131,1062, 551, 443,1000, 821,1427, 957, 895,1086,1917,1918, 375,
+1919, 359,1920, 687,1921, 822,1922, 293,1923,1924,  40, 662, 118, 692,  29, 939,
+ 887, 640, 482, 174,1925,  69,1162, 728,1428, 910,1926,1278,1218,1279, 386, 870,
+ 217, 854,1163, 823,1927,1928,1929,1930, 834,1931,  78,1932, 859,1933,1063,1934,
+1935,1936,1937, 438,1164, 208, 595,1938,1939,1940,1941,1219,1125,1942, 280, 888,
+1429,1430,1220,1431,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1280, 150, 510,1432,1948,1949,1950,
+1951,1952,1953,1954,1011,1087,1955,1433,1043,1956, 881,1957, 614, 958,1064,1065,
+1221,1958, 638,1001, 860, 967, 896,1434, 989, 492, 553,1281,1165,1959,1282,1002,
+1283,1222,1960,1961,1962,1963,  36, 383, 228, 753, 247, 454,1964, 876, 678,1965,
+1966,1284, 126, 464, 490, 835, 136, 672, 529, 940,1088,1435, 473,1967,1968, 467,
+  50, 390, 227, 587, 279, 378, 598, 792, 968, 240, 151, 160, 849, 882,1126,1285,
+ 639,1044, 133, 140, 288, 360, 811, 563,1027, 561, 142, 523,1969,1970,1971,   7,
+ 103, 296, 439, 407, 506, 634, 990,1972,1973,1974,1975, 645,1976,1977,1978,1979,
+1980,1981, 236,1982,1436,1983,1984,1089, 192, 828, 618, 518,1166, 333,1127,1985,
+ 818,1223,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993, 342,1128,1286, 746, 842,1994,
+1995, 560, 223,1287,  98,   8, 189, 650, 978,1288,1996,1437,1997,  17, 345, 250,
+ 423, 277, 234, 512, 226,  97, 289,  42, 167,1998, 201,1999,2000, 843, 836, 824,
+ 532, 338, 783,1090, 182, 576, 436,1438,1439, 527, 500,2001, 947, 889,2002,2003,
+2004,2005, 262, 600, 314, 447,2006, 547,2007, 693, 738,1129,2008,  71,1440, 745,
+ 619, 688,2009, 829,2010,2011, 147,2012,  33, 948,2013,2014,  74, 224,2015,  61,
+ 191, 918, 399, 637,2016,1028,1130, 257, 902,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,
+2024,2025,2026, 837,2027,2028,2029,2030, 179, 874, 591,  52, 724, 246,2031,2032,
+2033,2034,1167, 969,2035,1289, 630, 605, 911,1091,1168,2036,2037,2038,1441, 912,
+2039, 623,2040,2041, 253,1169,1290,2042,1442, 146, 620, 611, 577, 433,2043,1224,
+ 719,1170, 959, 440, 437, 534,  84, 388, 480,1131, 159, 220, 198, 679,2044,1012,
+ 819,1066,1443, 113,1225, 194, 318,1003,1029,2045,2046,2047,2048,1067,2049,2050,
+2051,2052,2053,  59, 913, 112,2054, 632,2055, 455, 144, 739,1291,2056, 273, 681,
+ 499,2057, 448,2058,2059, 760,2060,2061, 970, 384, 169, 245,1132,2062,2063, 414,
+1444,2064,2065,  41, 235,2066, 157, 252, 877, 568, 919, 789, 580,2067, 725,2068,
+2069,1292,2070,2071,1445,2072,1446,2073,2074,  55, 588,  66,1447, 271,1092,2075,
+1226,2076, 960,1013, 372,2077,2078,2079,2080,2081,1293,2082,2083,2084,2085, 850,
+2086,2087,2088,2089,2090, 186,2091,1068, 180,2092,2093,2094, 109,1227, 522, 606,
+2095, 867,1448,1093, 991,1171, 926, 353,1133,2096, 581,2097,2098,2099,1294,1449,
+1450,2100, 596,1172,1014,1228,2101,1451,1295,1173,1229,2102,2103,1296,1134,1452,
+ 949,1135,2104,2105,1094,1453,1454,1455,2106,1095,2107,2108,2109,2110,2111,2112,
+2113,2114,2115,2116,2117, 804,2118,2119,1230,1231, 805,1456, 405,1136,2120,2121,
+2122,2123,2124, 720, 701,1297, 992,1457, 927,1004,2125,2126,2127,2128,2129,2130,
+  22, 417,2131, 303,2132, 385,2133, 971, 520, 513,2134,1174,  73,1096, 231, 274,
+ 962,1458, 673,2135,1459,2136, 152,1137,2137,2138,2139,2140,1005,1138,1460,1139,
+2141,2142,2143,2144,  11, 374, 844,2145, 154,1232,  46,1461,2146, 838, 830, 721,
+1233, 106,2147,  90, 428, 462, 578, 566,1175, 352,2148,2149, 538,1234, 124,1298,
+2150,1462, 761, 565,2151, 686,2152, 649,2153,  72, 173,2154, 460, 415,2155,1463,
+2156,1235, 305,2157,2158,2159,2160,2161,2162, 579,2163,2164,2165,2166,2167, 747,
+2168,2169,2170,2171,1464, 669,2172,2173,2174,2175,2176,1465,2177,  23, 530, 285,
+2178, 335, 729,2179, 397,2180,2181,2182,1030,2183,2184, 698,2185,2186, 325,2187,
+2188, 369,2189, 799,1097,1015, 348,2190,1069, 680,2191, 851,1466,2192,2193,  10,
+2194, 613, 424,2195, 979, 108, 449, 589,  27, 172,  81,1031,  80, 774, 281, 350,
+1032, 525, 301, 582,1176,2196, 674,1045,2197,2198,1467, 730, 762,2199,2200,2201,
+2202,1468,2203, 993,2204,2205, 266,1070, 963,1140,2206,2207,2208, 664,1098, 972,
+2209,2210,2211,1177,1469,1470, 871,2212,2213,2214,2215,2216,1471,2217,2218,2219,
+2220,2221,2222,2223,2224,2225,2226,2227,1472,1236,2228,2229,2230,2231,2232,2233,
+2234,2235,1299,2236,2237, 200,2238, 477, 373,2239,2240, 731, 825, 777,2241,2242,
+2243, 521, 486, 548,2244,2245,2246,1473,1300,  53, 549, 137, 875,  76, 158,2247,
+1301,1474, 469, 396,1016, 278, 712,2248, 321, 442, 503, 767, 744, 941,1237,1178,
+1475,2249,  82, 178,1141,1179, 973,2250,1302,2251, 297,2252,2253, 570,2254,2255,
+2256,  18, 450, 206,2257, 290, 292,1142,2258, 511, 162,  99, 346, 164, 735,2259,
+1476,1477,   4, 554, 343, 798,1099,2260,1100,2261,  43, 171,1303, 139, 215,2262,
+2263, 717, 775,2264,1033, 322, 216,2265, 831,2266, 149,2267,1304,2268,2269, 702,
+1238, 135, 845, 347, 309,2270, 484,2271, 878, 655, 238,1006,1478,2272,  67,2273,
+ 295,2274,2275, 461,2276, 478, 942, 412,2277,1034,2278,2279,2280, 265,2281, 541,
+2282,2283,2284,2285,2286,  70, 852,1071,2287,2288,2289,2290,  21,  56, 509, 117,
+ 432,2291,2292, 331, 980, 552,1101, 148, 284, 105, 393,1180,1239, 755,2293, 187,
+2294,1046,1479,2295, 340,2296,  63,1047, 230,2297,2298,1305, 763,1306, 101, 800,
+ 808, 494,2299,2300,2301, 903,2302,  37,1072,  14,   5,2303,  79, 675,2304, 312,
+2305,2306,2307,2308,2309,1480,   6,1307,2310,2311,2312,   1, 470,  35,  24, 229,
+2313, 695, 210,  86, 778,  15, 784, 592, 779,  32,  77, 855, 964,2314, 259,2315,
+ 501, 380,2316,2317,  83, 981, 153, 689,1308,1481,1482,1483,2318,2319, 716,1484,
+2320,2321,2322,2323,2324,2325,1485,2326,2327, 128,  57,  68, 261,1048, 211, 170,
+1240,  31,2328,  51, 435, 742,2329,2330,2331, 635,2332, 264, 456,2333,2334,2335,
+ 425,2336,1486, 143, 507, 263, 943,2337, 363, 920,1487, 256,1488,1102, 243, 601,
+1489,2338,2339,2340,2341,2342,2343,2344, 861,2345,2346,2347,2348,2349,2350, 395,
+2351,1490,1491,  62, 535, 166, 225,2352,2353, 668, 419,1241, 138, 604, 928,2354,
+1181,2355,1492,1493,2356,2357,2358,1143,2359, 696,2360, 387, 307,1309, 682, 476,
+2361,2362, 332,  12, 222, 156,2363, 232,2364, 641, 276, 656, 517,1494,1495,1035,
+ 416, 736,1496,2365,1017, 586,2366,2367,2368,1497,2369, 242,2370,2371,2372,1498,
+2373, 965, 713,2374,2375,2376,2377, 740, 982,1499, 944,1500,1007,2378,2379,1310,
+1501,2380,2381,2382, 785, 329,2383,2384,1502,2385,2386,2387, 932,2388,1503,2389,
+2390,2391,2392,1242,2393,2394,2395,2396,2397, 994, 950,2398,2399,2400,2401,1504,
+1311,2402,2403,2404,2405,1049, 749,2406,2407, 853, 718,1144,1312,2408,1182,1505,
+2409,2410, 255, 516, 479, 564, 550, 214,1506,1507,1313, 413, 239, 444, 339,1145,
+1036,1508,1509,1314,1037,1510,1315,2411,1511,2412,2413,2414, 176, 703, 497, 624,
+ 593, 921, 302,2415, 341, 165,1103,1512,2416,1513,2417,2418,2419, 376,2420, 700,
+2421,2422,2423, 258, 768,1316,2424,1183,2425, 995, 608,2426,2427,2428,2429, 221,
+2430,2431,2432,2433,2434,2435,2436,2437, 195, 323, 726, 188, 897, 983,1317, 377,
+ 644,1050, 879,2438, 452,2439,2440,2441,2442,2443,2444, 914,2445,2446,2447,2448,
+ 915, 489,2449,1514,1184,2450,2451, 515,  64, 427, 495,2452, 583,2453, 483, 485,
+1038, 562, 213,1515, 748, 666,2454,2455,2456,2457, 334,2458, 780, 996,1008, 705,
+1243,2459,2460,2461,2462,2463, 114,2464, 493,1146, 366, 163,1516, 961,1104,2465,
+ 291,2466,1318,1105,2467,1517, 365,2468, 355, 951,1244,2469,1319,2470, 631,2471,
+2472, 218,1320, 364, 320, 756,1518,1519,1321,1520,1322,2473,2474,2475,2476, 997,
+2477,2478,2479,2480, 665,1185,2481, 916,1521,2482,2483,2484, 584, 684,2485,2486,
+ 797,2487,1051,1186,2488,2489,2490,1522,2491,2492, 370,2493,1039,1187,  65,2494,
+ 434, 205, 463,1188,2495, 125, 812, 391, 402, 826, 699, 286, 398, 155, 781, 771,
+ 585,2496, 590, 505,1073,2497, 599, 244, 219, 917,1018, 952, 646,1523,2498,1323,
+2499,2500,  49, 984, 354, 741,2501, 625,2502,1324,2503,1019, 190, 357, 757, 491,
+  95, 782, 868,2504,2505,2506,2507,2508,2509, 134,1524,1074, 422,1525, 898,2510,
+ 161,2511,2512,2513,2514, 769,2515,1526,2516,2517, 411,1325,2518, 472,1527,2519,
+2520,2521,2522,2523,2524, 985,2525,2526,2527,2528,2529,2530, 764,2531,1245,2532,
+2533,  25, 204, 311,2534, 496,2535,1052,2536,2537,2538,2539,2540,2541,2542, 199,
+ 704, 504, 468, 758, 657,1528, 196,  44, 839,1246, 272, 750,2543, 765, 862,2544,
+2545,1326,2546, 132, 615, 933,2547, 732,2548,2549,2550,1189,1529,2551, 283,1247,
+1053, 607, 929,2552,2553,2554, 930, 183, 872, 616,1040,1147,2555,1148,1020, 441,
+ 249,1075,2556,2557,2558, 466, 743,2559,2560,2561,  92, 514, 426, 420, 526,2562,
+2563,2564,2565,2566,2567,2568, 185,2569,2570,2571,2572, 776,1530, 658,2573, 362,
+2574, 361, 922,1076, 793,2575,2576,2577,2578,2579,2580,1531, 251,2581,2582,2583,
+2584,1532,  54, 612, 237,1327,2585,2586, 275, 408, 647, 111,2587,1533,1106, 465,
+   3, 458,   9,  38,2588, 107, 110, 890, 209,  26, 737, 498,2589,1534,2590, 431,
+ 202,  88,1535, 356, 287,1107, 660,1149,2591, 381,1536, 986,1150, 445,1248,1151,
+ 974,2592,2593, 846,2594, 446, 953, 184,1249,1250, 727,2595, 923, 193, 883,2596,
+2597,2598, 102, 324, 539, 817,2599, 421,1041,2600, 832,2601,  94, 175, 197, 406,
+2602, 459,2603,2604,2605,2606,2607, 330, 555,2608,2609,2610, 706,1108, 389,2611,
+2612,2613,2614, 233,2615, 833, 558, 931, 954,1251,2616,2617,1537, 546,2618,2619,
+1009,2620,2621,2622,1538, 690,1328,2623, 955,2624,1539,2625,2626, 772,2627,2628,
+2629,2630,2631, 924, 648, 863, 603,2632,2633, 934,1540, 864, 865,2634, 642,1042,
+ 670,1190,2635,2636,2637,2638, 168,2639, 652, 873, 542,1054,1541,2640,2641,2642,  # 512, 256
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fc5de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCKRDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import EUCKR_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class EUCKRProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(EUCKR_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCKRDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "EUC-KR"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Korean"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwfreq.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4900ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# EUCTW frequency table
+# Converted from big5 work
+# by Taiwan's Mandarin Promotion Council
+# <http:#www.edu.tw:81/mandr/>
+
+# 128  --> 0.42261
+# 256  --> 0.57851
+# 512  --> 0.74851
+# 1024 --> 0.89384
+# 2048 --> 0.97583
+#
+# Idea Distribution Ratio = 0.74851/(1-0.74851) =2.98
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512/(5401-512)=0.105
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio about 25% of Ideal one, still much higher than RDR
+
+EUCTW_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 0.75
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table
+EUCTW_TABLE_SIZE = 5376
+
+# fmt: off
+EUCTW_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+    1, 1800, 1506, 255, 1431, 198, 9, 82, 6, 7310, 177, 202, 3615, 1256, 2808, 110,  # 2742
+    3735, 33, 3241, 261, 76, 44, 2113, 16, 2931, 2184, 1176, 659, 3868, 26, 3404, 2643,  # 2758
+    1198, 3869, 3313, 4060, 410, 2211, 302, 590, 361, 1963, 8, 204, 58, 4296, 7311, 1931,  # 2774
+    63, 7312, 7313, 317, 1614, 75, 222, 159, 4061, 2412, 1480, 7314, 3500, 3068, 224, 2809,  # 2790
+    3616, 3, 10, 3870, 1471, 29, 2774, 1135, 2852, 1939, 873, 130, 3242, 1123, 312, 7315,  # 2806
+    4297, 2051, 507, 252, 682, 7316, 142, 1914, 124, 206, 2932, 34, 3501, 3173, 64, 604,  # 2822
+    7317, 2494, 1976, 1977, 155, 1990, 645, 641, 1606, 7318, 3405, 337, 72, 406, 7319, 80,  # 2838
+    630, 238, 3174, 1509, 263, 939, 1092, 2644, 756, 1440, 1094, 3406, 449, 69, 2969, 591,  # 2854
+    179, 2095, 471, 115, 2034, 1843, 60, 50, 2970, 134, 806, 1868, 734, 2035, 3407, 180,  # 2870
+    995, 1607, 156, 537, 2893, 688, 7320, 319, 1305, 779, 2144, 514, 2374, 298, 4298, 359,  # 2886
+    2495, 90, 2707, 1338, 663, 11, 906, 1099, 2545, 20, 2436, 182, 532, 1716, 7321, 732,  # 2902
+    1376, 4062, 1311, 1420, 3175, 25, 2312, 1056, 113, 399, 382, 1949, 242, 3408, 2467, 529,  # 2918
+    3243, 475, 1447, 3617, 7322, 117, 21, 656, 810, 1297, 2295, 2329, 3502, 7323, 126, 4063,  # 2934
+    706, 456, 150, 613, 4299, 71, 1118, 2036, 4064, 145, 3069, 85, 835, 486, 2114, 1246,  # 2950
+    1426, 428, 727, 1285, 1015, 800, 106, 623, 303, 1281, 7324, 2127, 2354, 347, 3736, 221,  # 2966
+    3503, 3110, 7325, 1955, 1153, 4065, 83, 296, 1199, 3070, 192, 624, 93, 7326, 822, 1897,  # 2982
+    2810, 3111, 795, 2064, 991, 1554, 1542, 1592, 27, 43, 2853, 859, 139, 1456, 860, 4300,  # 2998
+    437, 712, 3871, 164, 2392, 3112, 695, 211, 3017, 2096, 195, 3872, 1608, 3504, 3505, 3618,  # 3014
+    3873, 234, 811, 2971, 2097, 3874, 2229, 1441, 3506, 1615, 2375, 668, 2076, 1638, 305, 228,  # 3030
+    1664, 4301, 467, 415, 7327, 262, 2098, 1593, 239, 108, 300, 200, 1033, 512, 1247, 2077,  # 3046
+    7328, 7329, 2173, 3176, 3619, 2673, 593, 845, 1062, 3244, 88, 1723, 2037, 3875, 1950, 212,  # 3062
+    266, 152, 149, 468, 1898, 4066, 4302, 77, 187, 7330, 3018, 37, 5, 2972, 7331, 3876,  # 3078
+    7332, 7333, 39, 2517, 4303, 2894, 3177, 2078, 55, 148, 74, 4304, 545, 483, 1474, 1029,  # 3094
+    1665, 217, 1869, 1531, 3113, 1104, 2645, 4067, 24, 172, 3507, 900, 3877, 3508, 3509, 4305,  # 3110
+    32, 1408, 2811, 1312, 329, 487, 2355, 2247, 2708, 784, 2674, 4, 3019, 3314, 1427, 1788,  # 3126
+    188, 109, 499, 7334, 3620, 1717, 1789, 888, 1217, 3020, 4306, 7335, 3510, 7336, 3315, 1520,  # 3142
+    3621, 3878, 196, 1034, 775, 7337, 7338, 929, 1815, 249, 439, 38, 7339, 1063, 7340, 794,  # 3158
+    3879, 1435, 2296, 46, 178, 3245, 2065, 7341, 2376, 7342, 214, 1709, 4307, 804, 35, 707,  # 3174
+    324, 3622, 1601, 2546, 140, 459, 4068, 7343, 7344, 1365, 839, 272, 978, 2257, 2572, 3409,  # 3190
+    2128, 1363, 3623, 1423, 697, 100, 3071, 48, 70, 1231, 495, 3114, 2193, 7345, 1294, 7346,  # 3206
+    2079, 462, 586, 1042, 3246, 853, 256, 988, 185, 2377, 3410, 1698, 434, 1084, 7347, 3411,  # 3222
+    314, 2615, 2775, 4308, 2330, 2331, 569, 2280, 637, 1816, 2518, 757, 1162, 1878, 1616, 3412,  # 3238
+    287, 1577, 2115, 768, 4309, 1671, 2854, 3511, 2519, 1321, 3737, 909, 2413, 7348, 4069, 933,  # 3254
+    3738, 7349, 2052, 2356, 1222, 4310, 765, 2414, 1322, 786, 4311, 7350, 1919, 1462, 1677, 2895,  # 3270
+    1699, 7351, 4312, 1424, 2437, 3115, 3624, 2590, 3316, 1774, 1940, 3413, 3880, 4070, 309, 1369,  # 3286
+    1130, 2812, 364, 2230, 1653, 1299, 3881, 3512, 3882, 3883, 2646, 525, 1085, 3021, 902, 2000,  # 3302
+    1475, 964, 4313, 421, 1844, 1415, 1057, 2281, 940, 1364, 3116, 376, 4314, 4315, 1381, 7,  # 3318
+    2520, 983, 2378, 336, 1710, 2675, 1845, 321, 3414, 559, 1131, 3022, 2742, 1808, 1132, 1313,  # 3334
+    265, 1481, 1857, 7352, 352, 1203, 2813, 3247, 167, 1089, 420, 2814, 776, 792, 1724, 3513,  # 3350
+    4071, 2438, 3248, 7353, 4072, 7354, 446, 229, 333, 2743, 901, 3739, 1200, 1557, 4316, 2647,  # 3366
+    1920, 395, 2744, 2676, 3740, 4073, 1835, 125, 916, 3178, 2616, 4317, 7355, 7356, 3741, 7357,  # 3382
+    7358, 7359, 4318, 3117, 3625, 1133, 2547, 1757, 3415, 1510, 2313, 1409, 3514, 7360, 2145, 438,  # 3398
+    2591, 2896, 2379, 3317, 1068, 958, 3023, 461, 311, 2855, 2677, 4074, 1915, 3179, 4075, 1978,  # 3414
+    383, 750, 2745, 2617, 4076, 274, 539, 385, 1278, 1442, 7361, 1154, 1964, 384, 561, 210,  # 3430
+    98, 1295, 2548, 3515, 7362, 1711, 2415, 1482, 3416, 3884, 2897, 1257, 129, 7363, 3742, 642,  # 3446
+    523, 2776, 2777, 2648, 7364, 141, 2231, 1333, 68, 176, 441, 876, 907, 4077, 603, 2592,  # 3462
+    710, 171, 3417, 404, 549, 18, 3118, 2393, 1410, 3626, 1666, 7365, 3516, 4319, 2898, 4320,  # 3478
+    7366, 2973, 368, 7367, 146, 366, 99, 871, 3627, 1543, 748, 807, 1586, 1185, 22, 2258,  # 3494
+    379, 3743, 3180, 7368, 3181, 505, 1941, 2618, 1991, 1382, 2314, 7369, 380, 2357, 218, 702,  # 3510
+    1817, 1248, 3418, 3024, 3517, 3318, 3249, 7370, 2974, 3628, 930, 3250, 3744, 7371, 59, 7372,  # 3526
+    585, 601, 4078, 497, 3419, 1112, 1314, 4321, 1801, 7373, 1223, 1472, 2174, 7374, 749, 1836,  # 3542
+    690, 1899, 3745, 1772, 3885, 1476, 429, 1043, 1790, 2232, 2116, 917, 4079, 447, 1086, 1629,  # 3558
+    7375, 556, 7376, 7377, 2020, 1654, 844, 1090, 105, 550, 966, 1758, 2815, 1008, 1782, 686,  # 3574
+    1095, 7378, 2282, 793, 1602, 7379, 3518, 2593, 4322, 4080, 2933, 2297, 4323, 3746, 980, 2496,  # 3590
+    544, 353, 527, 4324, 908, 2678, 2899, 7380, 381, 2619, 1942, 1348, 7381, 1341, 1252, 560,  # 3606
+    3072, 7382, 3420, 2856, 7383, 2053, 973, 886, 2080, 143, 4325, 7384, 7385, 157, 3886, 496,  # 3622
+    4081, 57, 840, 540, 2038, 4326, 4327, 3421, 2117, 1445, 970, 2259, 1748, 1965, 2081, 4082,  # 3638
+    3119, 1234, 1775, 3251, 2816, 3629, 773, 1206, 2129, 1066, 2039, 1326, 3887, 1738, 1725, 4083,  # 3654
+    279, 3120, 51, 1544, 2594, 423, 1578, 2130, 2066, 173, 4328, 1879, 7386, 7387, 1583, 264,  # 3670
+    610, 3630, 4329, 2439, 280, 154, 7388, 7389, 7390, 1739, 338, 1282, 3073, 693, 2857, 1411,  # 3686
+    1074, 3747, 2440, 7391, 4330, 7392, 7393, 1240, 952, 2394, 7394, 2900, 1538, 2679, 685, 1483,  # 3702
+    4084, 2468, 1436, 953, 4085, 2054, 4331, 671, 2395, 79, 4086, 2441, 3252, 608, 567, 2680,  # 3718
+    3422, 4087, 4088, 1691, 393, 1261, 1791, 2396, 7395, 4332, 7396, 7397, 7398, 7399, 1383, 1672,  # 3734
+    3748, 3182, 1464, 522, 1119, 661, 1150, 216, 675, 4333, 3888, 1432, 3519, 609, 4334, 2681,  # 3750
+    2397, 7400, 7401, 7402, 4089, 3025, 0, 7403, 2469, 315, 231, 2442, 301, 3319, 4335, 2380,  # 3766
+    7404, 233, 4090, 3631, 1818, 4336, 4337, 7405, 96, 1776, 1315, 2082, 7406, 257, 7407, 1809,  # 3782
+    3632, 2709, 1139, 1819, 4091, 2021, 1124, 2163, 2778, 1777, 2649, 7408, 3074, 363, 1655, 3183,  # 3798
+    7409, 2975, 7410, 7411, 7412, 3889, 1567, 3890, 718, 103, 3184, 849, 1443, 341, 3320, 2934,  # 3814
+    1484, 7413, 1712, 127, 67, 339, 4092, 2398, 679, 1412, 821, 7414, 7415, 834, 738, 351,  # 3830
+    2976, 2146, 846, 235, 1497, 1880, 418, 1992, 3749, 2710, 186, 1100, 2147, 2746, 3520, 1545,  # 3846
+    1355, 2935, 2858, 1377, 583, 3891, 4093, 2573, 2977, 7416, 1298, 3633, 1078, 2549, 3634, 2358,  # 3862
+    78, 3750, 3751, 267, 1289, 2099, 2001, 1594, 4094, 348, 369, 1274, 2194, 2175, 1837, 4338,  # 3878
+    1820, 2817, 3635, 2747, 2283, 2002, 4339, 2936, 2748, 144, 3321, 882, 4340, 3892, 2749, 3423,  # 3894
+    4341, 2901, 7417, 4095, 1726, 320, 7418, 3893, 3026, 788, 2978, 7419, 2818, 1773, 1327, 2859,  # 3910
+    3894, 2819, 7420, 1306, 4342, 2003, 1700, 3752, 3521, 2359, 2650, 787, 2022, 506, 824, 3636,  # 3926
+    534, 323, 4343, 1044, 3322, 2023, 1900, 946, 3424, 7421, 1778, 1500, 1678, 7422, 1881, 4344,  # 3942
+    165, 243, 4345, 3637, 2521, 123, 683, 4096, 764, 4346, 36, 3895, 1792, 589, 2902, 816,  # 3958
+    626, 1667, 3027, 2233, 1639, 1555, 1622, 3753, 3896, 7423, 3897, 2860, 1370, 1228, 1932, 891,  # 3974
+    2083, 2903, 304, 4097, 7424, 292, 2979, 2711, 3522, 691, 2100, 4098, 1115, 4347, 118, 662,  # 3990
+    7425, 611, 1156, 854, 2381, 1316, 2861, 2, 386, 515, 2904, 7426, 7427, 3253, 868, 2234,  # 4006
+    1486, 855, 2651, 785, 2212, 3028, 7428, 1040, 3185, 3523, 7429, 3121, 448, 7430, 1525, 7431,  # 4022
+    2164, 4348, 7432, 3754, 7433, 4099, 2820, 3524, 3122, 503, 818, 3898, 3123, 1568, 814, 676,  # 4038
+    1444, 306, 1749, 7434, 3755, 1416, 1030, 197, 1428, 805, 2821, 1501, 4349, 7435, 7436, 7437,  # 4054
+    1993, 7438, 4350, 7439, 7440, 2195, 13, 2779, 3638, 2980, 3124, 1229, 1916, 7441, 3756, 2131,  # 4070
+    7442, 4100, 4351, 2399, 3525, 7443, 2213, 1511, 1727, 1120, 7444, 7445, 646, 3757, 2443, 307,  # 4086
+    7446, 7447, 1595, 3186, 7448, 7449, 7450, 3639, 1113, 1356, 3899, 1465, 2522, 2523, 7451, 519,  # 4102
+    7452, 128, 2132, 92, 2284, 1979, 7453, 3900, 1512, 342, 3125, 2196, 7454, 2780, 2214, 1980,  # 4118
+    3323, 7455, 290, 1656, 1317, 789, 827, 2360, 7456, 3758, 4352, 562, 581, 3901, 7457, 401,  # 4134
+    4353, 2248, 94, 4354, 1399, 2781, 7458, 1463, 2024, 4355, 3187, 1943, 7459, 828, 1105, 4101,  # 4150
+    1262, 1394, 7460, 4102, 605, 4356, 7461, 1783, 2862, 7462, 2822, 819, 2101, 578, 2197, 2937,  # 4166
+    7463, 1502, 436, 3254, 4103, 3255, 2823, 3902, 2905, 3425, 3426, 7464, 2712, 2315, 7465, 7466,  # 4182
+    2332, 2067, 23, 4357, 193, 826, 3759, 2102, 699, 1630, 4104, 3075, 390, 1793, 1064, 3526,  # 4198
+    7467, 1579, 3076, 3077, 1400, 7468, 4105, 1838, 1640, 2863, 7469, 4358, 4359, 137, 4106, 598,  # 4214
+    3078, 1966, 780, 104, 974, 2938, 7470, 278, 899, 253, 402, 572, 504, 493, 1339, 7471,  # 4230
+    3903, 1275, 4360, 2574, 2550, 7472, 3640, 3029, 3079, 2249, 565, 1334, 2713, 863, 41, 7473,  # 4246
+    7474, 4361, 7475, 1657, 2333, 19, 463, 2750, 4107, 606, 7476, 2981, 3256, 1087, 2084, 1323,  # 4262
+    2652, 2982, 7477, 1631, 1623, 1750, 4108, 2682, 7478, 2864, 791, 2714, 2653, 2334, 232, 2416,  # 4278
+    7479, 2983, 1498, 7480, 2654, 2620, 755, 1366, 3641, 3257, 3126, 2025, 1609, 119, 1917, 3427,  # 4294
+    862, 1026, 4109, 7481, 3904, 3760, 4362, 3905, 4363, 2260, 1951, 2470, 7482, 1125, 817, 4110,  # 4310
+    4111, 3906, 1513, 1766, 2040, 1487, 4112, 3030, 3258, 2824, 3761, 3127, 7483, 7484, 1507, 7485,  # 4326
+    2683, 733, 40, 1632, 1106, 2865, 345, 4113, 841, 2524, 230, 4364, 2984, 1846, 3259, 3428,  # 4342
+    7486, 1263, 986, 3429, 7487, 735, 879, 254, 1137, 857, 622, 1300, 1180, 1388, 1562, 3907,  # 4358
+    3908, 2939, 967, 2751, 2655, 1349, 592, 2133, 1692, 3324, 2985, 1994, 4114, 1679, 3909, 1901,  # 4374
+    2185, 7488, 739, 3642, 2715, 1296, 1290, 7489, 4115, 2198, 2199, 1921, 1563, 2595, 2551, 1870,  # 4390
+    2752, 2986, 7490, 435, 7491, 343, 1108, 596, 17, 1751, 4365, 2235, 3430, 3643, 7492, 4366,  # 4406
+    294, 3527, 2940, 1693, 477, 979, 281, 2041, 3528, 643, 2042, 3644, 2621, 2782, 2261, 1031,  # 4422
+    2335, 2134, 2298, 3529, 4367, 367, 1249, 2552, 7493, 3530, 7494, 4368, 1283, 3325, 2004, 240,  # 4438
+    1762, 3326, 4369, 4370, 836, 1069, 3128, 474, 7495, 2148, 2525, 268, 3531, 7496, 3188, 1521,  # 4454
+    1284, 7497, 1658, 1546, 4116, 7498, 3532, 3533, 7499, 4117, 3327, 2684, 1685, 4118, 961, 1673,  # 4470
+    2622, 190, 2005, 2200, 3762, 4371, 4372, 7500, 570, 2497, 3645, 1490, 7501, 4373, 2623, 3260,  # 4486
+    1956, 4374, 584, 1514, 396, 1045, 1944, 7502, 4375, 1967, 2444, 7503, 7504, 4376, 3910, 619,  # 4502
+    7505, 3129, 3261, 215, 2006, 2783, 2553, 3189, 4377, 3190, 4378, 763, 4119, 3763, 4379, 7506,  # 4518
+    7507, 1957, 1767, 2941, 3328, 3646, 1174, 452, 1477, 4380, 3329, 3130, 7508, 2825, 1253, 2382,  # 4534
+    2186, 1091, 2285, 4120, 492, 7509, 638, 1169, 1824, 2135, 1752, 3911, 648, 926, 1021, 1324,  # 4550
+    4381, 520, 4382, 997, 847, 1007, 892, 4383, 3764, 2262, 1871, 3647, 7510, 2400, 1784, 4384,  # 4566
+    1952, 2942, 3080, 3191, 1728, 4121, 2043, 3648, 4385, 2007, 1701, 3131, 1551, 30, 2263, 4122,  # 4582
+    7511, 2026, 4386, 3534, 7512, 501, 7513, 4123, 594, 3431, 2165, 1821, 3535, 3432, 3536, 3192,  # 4598
+    829, 2826, 4124, 7514, 1680, 3132, 1225, 4125, 7515, 3262, 4387, 4126, 3133, 2336, 7516, 4388,  # 4614
+    4127, 7517, 3912, 3913, 7518, 1847, 2383, 2596, 3330, 7519, 4389, 374, 3914, 652, 4128, 4129,  # 4630
+    375, 1140, 798, 7520, 7521, 7522, 2361, 4390, 2264, 546, 1659, 138, 3031, 2445, 4391, 7523,  # 4646
+    2250, 612, 1848, 910, 796, 3765, 1740, 1371, 825, 3766, 3767, 7524, 2906, 2554, 7525, 692,  # 4662
+    444, 3032, 2624, 801, 4392, 4130, 7526, 1491, 244, 1053, 3033, 4131, 4132, 340, 7527, 3915,  # 4678
+    1041, 2987, 293, 1168, 87, 1357, 7528, 1539, 959, 7529, 2236, 721, 694, 4133, 3768, 219,  # 4694
+    1478, 644, 1417, 3331, 2656, 1413, 1401, 1335, 1389, 3916, 7530, 7531, 2988, 2362, 3134, 1825,  # 4710
+    730, 1515, 184, 2827, 66, 4393, 7532, 1660, 2943, 246, 3332, 378, 1457, 226, 3433, 975,  # 4726
+    3917, 2944, 1264, 3537, 674, 696, 7533, 163, 7534, 1141, 2417, 2166, 713, 3538, 3333, 4394,  # 4742
+    3918, 7535, 7536, 1186, 15, 7537, 1079, 1070, 7538, 1522, 3193, 3539, 276, 1050, 2716, 758,  # 4758
+    1126, 653, 2945, 3263, 7539, 2337, 889, 3540, 3919, 3081, 2989, 903, 1250, 4395, 3920, 3434,  # 4774
+    3541, 1342, 1681, 1718, 766, 3264, 286, 89, 2946, 3649, 7540, 1713, 7541, 2597, 3334, 2990,  # 4790
+    7542, 2947, 2215, 3194, 2866, 7543, 4396, 2498, 2526, 181, 387, 1075, 3921, 731, 2187, 3335,  # 4806
+    7544, 3265, 310, 313, 3435, 2299, 770, 4134, 54, 3034, 189, 4397, 3082, 3769, 3922, 7545,  # 4822
+    1230, 1617, 1849, 355, 3542, 4135, 4398, 3336, 111, 4136, 3650, 1350, 3135, 3436, 3035, 4137,  # 4838
+    2149, 3266, 3543, 7546, 2784, 3923, 3924, 2991, 722, 2008, 7547, 1071, 247, 1207, 2338, 2471,  # 4854
+    1378, 4399, 2009, 864, 1437, 1214, 4400, 373, 3770, 1142, 2216, 667, 4401, 442, 2753, 2555,  # 4870
+    3771, 3925, 1968, 4138, 3267, 1839, 837, 170, 1107, 934, 1336, 1882, 7548, 7549, 2118, 4139,  # 4886
+    2828, 743, 1569, 7550, 4402, 4140, 582, 2384, 1418, 3437, 7551, 1802, 7552, 357, 1395, 1729,  # 4902
+    3651, 3268, 2418, 1564, 2237, 7553, 3083, 3772, 1633, 4403, 1114, 2085, 4141, 1532, 7554, 482,  # 4918
+    2446, 4404, 7555, 7556, 1492, 833, 1466, 7557, 2717, 3544, 1641, 2829, 7558, 1526, 1272, 3652,  # 4934
+    4142, 1686, 1794, 416, 2556, 1902, 1953, 1803, 7559, 3773, 2785, 3774, 1159, 2316, 7560, 2867,  # 4950
+    4405, 1610, 1584, 3036, 2419, 2754, 443, 3269, 1163, 3136, 7561, 7562, 3926, 7563, 4143, 2499,  # 4966
+    3037, 4406, 3927, 3137, 2103, 1647, 3545, 2010, 1872, 4144, 7564, 4145, 431, 3438, 7565, 250,  # 4982
+    97, 81, 4146, 7566, 1648, 1850, 1558, 160, 848, 7567, 866, 740, 1694, 7568, 2201, 2830,  # 4998
+    3195, 4147, 4407, 3653, 1687, 950, 2472, 426, 469, 3196, 3654, 3655, 3928, 7569, 7570, 1188,  # 5014
+    424, 1995, 861, 3546, 4148, 3775, 2202, 2685, 168, 1235, 3547, 4149, 7571, 2086, 1674, 4408,  # 5030
+    3337, 3270, 220, 2557, 1009, 7572, 3776, 670, 2992, 332, 1208, 717, 7573, 7574, 3548, 2447,  # 5046
+    3929, 3338, 7575, 513, 7576, 1209, 2868, 3339, 3138, 4409, 1080, 7577, 7578, 7579, 7580, 2527,  # 5062
+    3656, 3549, 815, 1587, 3930, 3931, 7581, 3550, 3439, 3777, 1254, 4410, 1328, 3038, 1390, 3932,  # 5078
+    1741, 3933, 3778, 3934, 7582, 236, 3779, 2448, 3271, 7583, 7584, 3657, 3780, 1273, 3781, 4411,  # 5094
+    7585, 308, 7586, 4412, 245, 4413, 1851, 2473, 1307, 2575, 430, 715, 2136, 2449, 7587, 270,  # 5110
+    199, 2869, 3935, 7588, 3551, 2718, 1753, 761, 1754, 725, 1661, 1840, 4414, 3440, 3658, 7589,  # 5126
+    7590, 587, 14, 3272, 227, 2598, 326, 480, 2265, 943, 2755, 3552, 291, 650, 1883, 7591,  # 5142
+    1702, 1226, 102, 1547, 62, 3441, 904, 4415, 3442, 1164, 4150, 7592, 7593, 1224, 1548, 2756,  # 5158
+    391, 498, 1493, 7594, 1386, 1419, 7595, 2055, 1177, 4416, 813, 880, 1081, 2363, 566, 1145,  # 5174
+    4417, 2286, 1001, 1035, 2558, 2599, 2238, 394, 1286, 7596, 7597, 2068, 7598, 86, 1494, 1730,  # 5190
+    3936, 491, 1588, 745, 897, 2948, 843, 3340, 3937, 2757, 2870, 3273, 1768, 998, 2217, 2069,  # 5206
+    397, 1826, 1195, 1969, 3659, 2993, 3341, 284, 7599, 3782, 2500, 2137, 2119, 1903, 7600, 3938,  # 5222
+    2150, 3939, 4151, 1036, 3443, 1904, 114, 2559, 4152, 209, 1527, 7601, 7602, 2949, 2831, 2625,  # 5238
+    2385, 2719, 3139, 812, 2560, 7603, 3274, 7604, 1559, 737, 1884, 3660, 1210, 885, 28, 2686,  # 5254
+    3553, 3783, 7605, 4153, 1004, 1779, 4418, 7606, 346, 1981, 2218, 2687, 4419, 3784, 1742, 797,  # 5270
+    1642, 3940, 1933, 1072, 1384, 2151, 896, 3941, 3275, 3661, 3197, 2871, 3554, 7607, 2561, 1958,  # 5286
+    4420, 2450, 1785, 7608, 7609, 7610, 3942, 4154, 1005, 1308, 3662, 4155, 2720, 4421, 4422, 1528,  # 5302
+    2600, 161, 1178, 4156, 1982, 987, 4423, 1101, 4157, 631, 3943, 1157, 3198, 2420, 1343, 1241,  # 5318
+    1016, 2239, 2562, 372, 877, 2339, 2501, 1160, 555, 1934, 911, 3944, 7611, 466, 1170, 169,  # 5334
+    1051, 2907, 2688, 3663, 2474, 2994, 1182, 2011, 2563, 1251, 2626, 7612, 992, 2340, 3444, 1540,  # 5350
+    2721, 1201, 2070, 2401, 1996, 2475, 7613, 4424, 528, 1922, 2188, 1503, 1873, 1570, 2364, 3342,  # 5366
+    3276, 7614, 557, 1073, 7615, 1827, 3445, 2087, 2266, 3140, 3039, 3084, 767, 3085, 2786, 4425,  # 5382
+    1006, 4158, 4426, 2341, 1267, 2176, 3664, 3199, 778, 3945, 3200, 2722, 1597, 2657, 7616, 4427,  # 5398
+    7617, 3446, 7618, 7619, 7620, 3277, 2689, 1433, 3278, 131, 95, 1504, 3946, 723, 4159, 3141,  # 5414
+    1841, 3555, 2758, 2189, 3947, 2027, 2104, 3665, 7621, 2995, 3948, 1218, 7622, 3343, 3201, 3949,  # 5430
+    4160, 2576, 248, 1634, 3785, 912, 7623, 2832, 3666, 3040, 3786, 654, 53, 7624, 2996, 7625,  # 5446
+    1688, 4428, 777, 3447, 1032, 3950, 1425, 7626, 191, 820, 2120, 2833, 971, 4429, 931, 3202,  # 5462
+    135, 664, 783, 3787, 1997, 772, 2908, 1935, 3951, 3788, 4430, 2909, 3203, 282, 2723, 640,  # 5478
+    1372, 3448, 1127, 922, 325, 3344, 7627, 7628, 711, 2044, 7629, 7630, 3952, 2219, 2787, 1936,  # 5494
+    3953, 3345, 2220, 2251, 3789, 2300, 7631, 4431, 3790, 1258, 3279, 3954, 3204, 2138, 2950, 3955,  # 5510
+    3956, 7632, 2221, 258, 3205, 4432, 101, 1227, 7633, 3280, 1755, 7634, 1391, 3281, 7635, 2910,  # 5526
+    2056, 893, 7636, 7637, 7638, 1402, 4161, 2342, 7639, 7640, 3206, 3556, 7641, 7642, 878, 1325,  # 5542
+    1780, 2788, 4433, 259, 1385, 2577, 744, 1183, 2267, 4434, 7643, 3957, 2502, 7644, 684, 1024,  # 5558
+    4162, 7645, 472, 3557, 3449, 1165, 3282, 3958, 3959, 322, 2152, 881, 455, 1695, 1152, 1340,  # 5574
+    660, 554, 2153, 4435, 1058, 4436, 4163, 830, 1065, 3346, 3960, 4437, 1923, 7646, 1703, 1918,  # 5590
+    7647, 932, 2268, 122, 7648, 4438, 947, 677, 7649, 3791, 2627, 297, 1905, 1924, 2269, 4439,  # 5606
+    2317, 3283, 7650, 7651, 4164, 7652, 4165, 84, 4166, 112, 989, 7653, 547, 1059, 3961, 701,  # 5622
+    3558, 1019, 7654, 4167, 7655, 3450, 942, 639, 457, 2301, 2451, 993, 2951, 407, 851, 494,  # 5638
+    4440, 3347, 927, 7656, 1237, 7657, 2421, 3348, 573, 4168, 680, 921, 2911, 1279, 1874, 285,  # 5654
+    790, 1448, 1983, 719, 2167, 7658, 7659, 4441, 3962, 3963, 1649, 7660, 1541, 563, 7661, 1077,  # 5670
+    7662, 3349, 3041, 3451, 511, 2997, 3964, 3965, 3667, 3966, 1268, 2564, 3350, 3207, 4442, 4443,  # 5686
+    7663, 535, 1048, 1276, 1189, 2912, 2028, 3142, 1438, 1373, 2834, 2952, 1134, 2012, 7664, 4169,  # 5702
+    1238, 2578, 3086, 1259, 7665, 700, 7666, 2953, 3143, 3668, 4170, 7667, 4171, 1146, 1875, 1906,  # 5718
+    4444, 2601, 3967, 781, 2422, 132, 1589, 203, 147, 273, 2789, 2402, 898, 1786, 2154, 3968,  # 5734
+    3969, 7668, 3792, 2790, 7669, 7670, 4445, 4446, 7671, 3208, 7672, 1635, 3793, 965, 7673, 1804,  # 5750
+    2690, 1516, 3559, 1121, 1082, 1329, 3284, 3970, 1449, 3794, 65, 1128, 2835, 2913, 2759, 1590,  # 5766
+    3795, 7674, 7675, 12, 2658, 45, 976, 2579, 3144, 4447, 517, 2528, 1013, 1037, 3209, 7676,  # 5782
+    3796, 2836, 7677, 3797, 7678, 3452, 7679, 2602, 614, 1998, 2318, 3798, 3087, 2724, 2628, 7680,  # 5798
+    2580, 4172, 599, 1269, 7681, 1810, 3669, 7682, 2691, 3088, 759, 1060, 489, 1805, 3351, 3285,  # 5814
+    1358, 7683, 7684, 2386, 1387, 1215, 2629, 2252, 490, 7685, 7686, 4173, 1759, 2387, 2343, 7687,  # 5830
+    4448, 3799, 1907, 3971, 2630, 1806, 3210, 4449, 3453, 3286, 2760, 2344, 874, 7688, 7689, 3454,  # 5846
+    3670, 1858, 91, 2914, 3671, 3042, 3800, 4450, 7690, 3145, 3972, 2659, 7691, 3455, 1202, 1403,  # 5862
+    3801, 2954, 2529, 1517, 2503, 4451, 3456, 2504, 7692, 4452, 7693, 2692, 1885, 1495, 1731, 3973,  # 5878
+    2365, 4453, 7694, 2029, 7695, 7696, 3974, 2693, 1216, 237, 2581, 4174, 2319, 3975, 3802, 4454,  # 5894
+    4455, 2694, 3560, 3457, 445, 4456, 7697, 7698, 7699, 7700, 2761, 61, 3976, 3672, 1822, 3977,  # 5910
+    7701, 687, 2045, 935, 925, 405, 2660, 703, 1096, 1859, 2725, 4457, 3978, 1876, 1367, 2695,  # 5926
+    3352, 918, 2105, 1781, 2476, 334, 3287, 1611, 1093, 4458, 564, 3146, 3458, 3673, 3353, 945,  # 5942
+    2631, 2057, 4459, 7702, 1925, 872, 4175, 7703, 3459, 2696, 3089, 349, 4176, 3674, 3979, 4460,  # 5958
+    3803, 4177, 3675, 2155, 3980, 4461, 4462, 4178, 4463, 2403, 2046, 782, 3981, 400, 251, 4179,  # 5974
+    1624, 7704, 7705, 277, 3676, 299, 1265, 476, 1191, 3804, 2121, 4180, 4181, 1109, 205, 7706,  # 5990
+    2582, 1000, 2156, 3561, 1860, 7707, 7708, 7709, 4464, 7710, 4465, 2565, 107, 2477, 2157, 3982,  # 6006
+    3460, 3147, 7711, 1533, 541, 1301, 158, 753, 4182, 2872, 3562, 7712, 1696, 370, 1088, 4183,  # 6022
+    4466, 3563, 579, 327, 440, 162, 2240, 269, 1937, 1374, 3461, 968, 3043, 56, 1396, 3090,  # 6038
+    2106, 3288, 3354, 7713, 1926, 2158, 4467, 2998, 7714, 3564, 7715, 7716, 3677, 4468, 2478, 7717,  # 6054
+    2791, 7718, 1650, 4469, 7719, 2603, 7720, 7721, 3983, 2661, 3355, 1149, 3356, 3984, 3805, 3985,  # 6070
+    7722, 1076, 49, 7723, 951, 3211, 3289, 3290, 450, 2837, 920, 7724, 1811, 2792, 2366, 4184,  # 6086
+    1908, 1138, 2367, 3806, 3462, 7725, 3212, 4470, 1909, 1147, 1518, 2423, 4471, 3807, 7726, 4472,  # 6102
+    2388, 2604, 260, 1795, 3213, 7727, 7728, 3808, 3291, 708, 7729, 3565, 1704, 7730, 3566, 1351,  # 6118
+    1618, 3357, 2999, 1886, 944, 4185, 3358, 4186, 3044, 3359, 4187, 7731, 3678, 422, 413, 1714,  # 6134
+    3292, 500, 2058, 2345, 4188, 2479, 7732, 1344, 1910, 954, 7733, 1668, 7734, 7735, 3986, 2404,  # 6150
+    4189, 3567, 3809, 4190, 7736, 2302, 1318, 2505, 3091, 133, 3092, 2873, 4473, 629, 31, 2838,  # 6166
+    2697, 3810, 4474, 850, 949, 4475, 3987, 2955, 1732, 2088, 4191, 1496, 1852, 7737, 3988, 620,  # 6182
+    3214, 981, 1242, 3679, 3360, 1619, 3680, 1643, 3293, 2139, 2452, 1970, 1719, 3463, 2168, 7738,  # 6198
+    3215, 7739, 7740, 3361, 1828, 7741, 1277, 4476, 1565, 2047, 7742, 1636, 3568, 3093, 7743, 869,  # 6214
+    2839, 655, 3811, 3812, 3094, 3989, 3000, 3813, 1310, 3569, 4477, 7744, 7745, 7746, 1733, 558,  # 6230
+    4478, 3681, 335, 1549, 3045, 1756, 4192, 3682, 1945, 3464, 1829, 1291, 1192, 470, 2726, 2107,  # 6246
+    2793, 913, 1054, 3990, 7747, 1027, 7748, 3046, 3991, 4479, 982, 2662, 3362, 3148, 3465, 3216,  # 6262
+    3217, 1946, 2794, 7749, 571, 4480, 7750, 1830, 7751, 3570, 2583, 1523, 2424, 7752, 2089, 984,  # 6278
+    4481, 3683, 1959, 7753, 3684, 852, 923, 2795, 3466, 3685, 969, 1519, 999, 2048, 2320, 1705,  # 6294
+    7754, 3095, 615, 1662, 151, 597, 3992, 2405, 2321, 1049, 275, 4482, 3686, 4193, 568, 3687,  # 6310
+    3571, 2480, 4194, 3688, 7755, 2425, 2270, 409, 3218, 7756, 1566, 2874, 3467, 1002, 769, 2840,  # 6326
+    194, 2090, 3149, 3689, 2222, 3294, 4195, 628, 1505, 7757, 7758, 1763, 2177, 3001, 3993, 521,  # 6342
+    1161, 2584, 1787, 2203, 2406, 4483, 3994, 1625, 4196, 4197, 412, 42, 3096, 464, 7759, 2632,  # 6358
+    4484, 3363, 1760, 1571, 2875, 3468, 2530, 1219, 2204, 3814, 2633, 2140, 2368, 4485, 4486, 3295,  # 6374
+    1651, 3364, 3572, 7760, 7761, 3573, 2481, 3469, 7762, 3690, 7763, 7764, 2271, 2091, 460, 7765,  # 6390
+    4487, 7766, 3002, 962, 588, 3574, 289, 3219, 2634, 1116, 52, 7767, 3047, 1796, 7768, 7769,  # 6406
+    7770, 1467, 7771, 1598, 1143, 3691, 4198, 1984, 1734, 1067, 4488, 1280, 3365, 465, 4489, 1572,  # 6422
+    510, 7772, 1927, 2241, 1812, 1644, 3575, 7773, 4490, 3692, 7774, 7775, 2663, 1573, 1534, 7776,  # 6438
+    7777, 4199, 536, 1807, 1761, 3470, 3815, 3150, 2635, 7778, 7779, 7780, 4491, 3471, 2915, 1911,  # 6454
+    2796, 7781, 3296, 1122, 377, 3220, 7782, 360, 7783, 7784, 4200, 1529, 551, 7785, 2059, 3693,  # 6470
+    1769, 2426, 7786, 2916, 4201, 3297, 3097, 2322, 2108, 2030, 4492, 1404, 136, 1468, 1479, 672,  # 6486
+    1171, 3221, 2303, 271, 3151, 7787, 2762, 7788, 2049, 678, 2727, 865, 1947, 4493, 7789, 2013,  # 6502
+    3995, 2956, 7790, 2728, 2223, 1397, 3048, 3694, 4494, 4495, 1735, 2917, 3366, 3576, 7791, 3816,  # 6518
+    509, 2841, 2453, 2876, 3817, 7792, 7793, 3152, 3153, 4496, 4202, 2531, 4497, 2304, 1166, 1010,  # 6534
+    552, 681, 1887, 7794, 7795, 2957, 2958, 3996, 1287, 1596, 1861, 3154, 358, 453, 736, 175,  # 6550
+    478, 1117, 905, 1167, 1097, 7796, 1853, 1530, 7797, 1706, 7798, 2178, 3472, 2287, 3695, 3473,  # 6566
+    3577, 4203, 2092, 4204, 7799, 3367, 1193, 2482, 4205, 1458, 2190, 2205, 1862, 1888, 1421, 3298,  # 6582
+    2918, 3049, 2179, 3474, 595, 2122, 7800, 3997, 7801, 7802, 4206, 1707, 2636, 223, 3696, 1359,  # 6598
+    751, 3098, 183, 3475, 7803, 2797, 3003, 419, 2369, 633, 704, 3818, 2389, 241, 7804, 7805,  # 6614
+    7806, 838, 3004, 3697, 2272, 2763, 2454, 3819, 1938, 2050, 3998, 1309, 3099, 2242, 1181, 7807,  # 6630
+    1136, 2206, 3820, 2370, 1446, 4207, 2305, 4498, 7808, 7809, 4208, 1055, 2605, 484, 3698, 7810,  # 6646
+    3999, 625, 4209, 2273, 3368, 1499, 4210, 4000, 7811, 4001, 4211, 3222, 2274, 2275, 3476, 7812,  # 6662
+    7813, 2764, 808, 2606, 3699, 3369, 4002, 4212, 3100, 2532, 526, 3370, 3821, 4213, 955, 7814,  # 6678
+    1620, 4214, 2637, 2427, 7815, 1429, 3700, 1669, 1831, 994, 928, 7816, 3578, 1260, 7817, 7818,  # 6694
+    7819, 1948, 2288, 741, 2919, 1626, 4215, 2729, 2455, 867, 1184, 362, 3371, 1392, 7820, 7821,  # 6710
+    4003, 4216, 1770, 1736, 3223, 2920, 4499, 4500, 1928, 2698, 1459, 1158, 7822, 3050, 3372, 2877,  # 6726
+    1292, 1929, 2506, 2842, 3701, 1985, 1187, 2071, 2014, 2607, 4217, 7823, 2566, 2507, 2169, 3702,  # 6742
+    2483, 3299, 7824, 3703, 4501, 7825, 7826, 666, 1003, 3005, 1022, 3579, 4218, 7827, 4502, 1813,  # 6758
+    2253, 574, 3822, 1603, 295, 1535, 705, 3823, 4219, 283, 858, 417, 7828, 7829, 3224, 4503,  # 6774
+    4504, 3051, 1220, 1889, 1046, 2276, 2456, 4004, 1393, 1599, 689, 2567, 388, 4220, 7830, 2484,  # 6790
+    802, 7831, 2798, 3824, 2060, 1405, 2254, 7832, 4505, 3825, 2109, 1052, 1345, 3225, 1585, 7833,  # 6806
+    809, 7834, 7835, 7836, 575, 2730, 3477, 956, 1552, 1469, 1144, 2323, 7837, 2324, 1560, 2457,  # 6822
+    3580, 3226, 4005, 616, 2207, 3155, 2180, 2289, 7838, 1832, 7839, 3478, 4506, 7840, 1319, 3704,  # 6838
+    3705, 1211, 3581, 1023, 3227, 1293, 2799, 7841, 7842, 7843, 3826, 607, 2306, 3827, 762, 2878,  # 6854
+    1439, 4221, 1360, 7844, 1485, 3052, 7845, 4507, 1038, 4222, 1450, 2061, 2638, 4223, 1379, 4508,  # 6870
+    2585, 7846, 7847, 4224, 1352, 1414, 2325, 2921, 1172, 7848, 7849, 3828, 3829, 7850, 1797, 1451,  # 6886
+    7851, 7852, 7853, 7854, 2922, 4006, 4007, 2485, 2346, 411, 4008, 4009, 3582, 3300, 3101, 4509,  # 6902
+    1561, 2664, 1452, 4010, 1375, 7855, 7856, 47, 2959, 316, 7857, 1406, 1591, 2923, 3156, 7858,  # 6918
+    1025, 2141, 3102, 3157, 354, 2731, 884, 2224, 4225, 2407, 508, 3706, 726, 3583, 996, 2428,  # 6934
+    3584, 729, 7859, 392, 2191, 1453, 4011, 4510, 3707, 7860, 7861, 2458, 3585, 2608, 1675, 2800,  # 6950
+    919, 2347, 2960, 2348, 1270, 4511, 4012, 73, 7862, 7863, 647, 7864, 3228, 2843, 2255, 1550,  # 6966
+    1346, 3006, 7865, 1332, 883, 3479, 7866, 7867, 7868, 7869, 3301, 2765, 7870, 1212, 831, 1347,  # 6982
+    4226, 4512, 2326, 3830, 1863, 3053, 720, 3831, 4513, 4514, 3832, 7871, 4227, 7872, 7873, 4515,  # 6998
+    7874, 7875, 1798, 4516, 3708, 2609, 4517, 3586, 1645, 2371, 7876, 7877, 2924, 669, 2208, 2665,  # 7014
+    2429, 7878, 2879, 7879, 7880, 1028, 3229, 7881, 4228, 2408, 7882, 2256, 1353, 7883, 7884, 4518,  # 7030
+    3158, 518, 7885, 4013, 7886, 4229, 1960, 7887, 2142, 4230, 7888, 7889, 3007, 2349, 2350, 3833,  # 7046
+    516, 1833, 1454, 4014, 2699, 4231, 4519, 2225, 2610, 1971, 1129, 3587, 7890, 2766, 7891, 2961,  # 7062
+    1422, 577, 1470, 3008, 1524, 3373, 7892, 7893, 432, 4232, 3054, 3480, 7894, 2586, 1455, 2508,  # 7078
+    2226, 1972, 1175, 7895, 1020, 2732, 4015, 3481, 4520, 7896, 2733, 7897, 1743, 1361, 3055, 3482,  # 7094
+    2639, 4016, 4233, 4521, 2290, 895, 924, 4234, 2170, 331, 2243, 3056, 166, 1627, 3057, 1098,  # 7110
+    7898, 1232, 2880, 2227, 3374, 4522, 657, 403, 1196, 2372, 542, 3709, 3375, 1600, 4235, 3483,  # 7126
+    7899, 4523, 2767, 3230, 576, 530, 1362, 7900, 4524, 2533, 2666, 3710, 4017, 7901, 842, 3834,  # 7142
+    7902, 2801, 2031, 1014, 4018, 213, 2700, 3376, 665, 621, 4236, 7903, 3711, 2925, 2430, 7904,  # 7158
+    2431, 3302, 3588, 3377, 7905, 4237, 2534, 4238, 4525, 3589, 1682, 4239, 3484, 1380, 7906, 724,  # 7174
+    2277, 600, 1670, 7907, 1337, 1233, 4526, 3103, 2244, 7908, 1621, 4527, 7909, 651, 4240, 7910,  # 7190
+    1612, 4241, 2611, 7911, 2844, 7912, 2734, 2307, 3058, 7913, 716, 2459, 3059, 174, 1255, 2701,  # 7206
+    4019, 3590, 548, 1320, 1398, 728, 4020, 1574, 7914, 1890, 1197, 3060, 4021, 7915, 3061, 3062,  # 7222
+    3712, 3591, 3713, 747, 7916, 635, 4242, 4528, 7917, 7918, 7919, 4243, 7920, 7921, 4529, 7922,  # 7238
+    3378, 4530, 2432, 451, 7923, 3714, 2535, 2072, 4244, 2735, 4245, 4022, 7924, 1764, 4531, 7925,  # 7254
+    4246, 350, 7926, 2278, 2390, 2486, 7927, 4247, 4023, 2245, 1434, 4024, 488, 4532, 458, 4248,  # 7270
+    4025, 3715, 771, 1330, 2391, 3835, 2568, 3159, 2159, 2409, 1553, 2667, 3160, 4249, 7928, 2487,  # 7286
+    2881, 2612, 1720, 2702, 4250, 3379, 4533, 7929, 2536, 4251, 7930, 3231, 4252, 2768, 7931, 2015,  # 7302
+    2736, 7932, 1155, 1017, 3716, 3836, 7933, 3303, 2308, 201, 1864, 4253, 1430, 7934, 4026, 7935,  # 7318
+    7936, 7937, 7938, 7939, 4254, 1604, 7940, 414, 1865, 371, 2587, 4534, 4535, 3485, 2016, 3104,  # 7334
+    4536, 1708, 960, 4255, 887, 389, 2171, 1536, 1663, 1721, 7941, 2228, 4027, 2351, 2926, 1580,  # 7350
+    7942, 7943, 7944, 1744, 7945, 2537, 4537, 4538, 7946, 4539, 7947, 2073, 7948, 7949, 3592, 3380,  # 7366
+    2882, 4256, 7950, 4257, 2640, 3381, 2802, 673, 2703, 2460, 709, 3486, 4028, 3593, 4258, 7951,  # 7382
+    1148, 502, 634, 7952, 7953, 1204, 4540, 3594, 1575, 4541, 2613, 3717, 7954, 3718, 3105, 948,  # 7398
+    3232, 121, 1745, 3837, 1110, 7955, 4259, 3063, 2509, 3009, 4029, 3719, 1151, 1771, 3838, 1488,  # 7414
+    4030, 1986, 7956, 2433, 3487, 7957, 7958, 2093, 7959, 4260, 3839, 1213, 1407, 2803, 531, 2737,  # 7430
+    2538, 3233, 1011, 1537, 7960, 2769, 4261, 3106, 1061, 7961, 3720, 3721, 1866, 2883, 7962, 2017,  # 7446
+    120, 4262, 4263, 2062, 3595, 3234, 2309, 3840, 2668, 3382, 1954, 4542, 7963, 7964, 3488, 1047,  # 7462
+    2704, 1266, 7965, 1368, 4543, 2845, 649, 3383, 3841, 2539, 2738, 1102, 2846, 2669, 7966, 7967,  # 7478
+    1999, 7968, 1111, 3596, 2962, 7969, 2488, 3842, 3597, 2804, 1854, 3384, 3722, 7970, 7971, 3385,  # 7494
+    2410, 2884, 3304, 3235, 3598, 7972, 2569, 7973, 3599, 2805, 4031, 1460, 856, 7974, 3600, 7975,  # 7510
+    2885, 2963, 7976, 2886, 3843, 7977, 4264, 632, 2510, 875, 3844, 1697, 3845, 2291, 7978, 7979,  # 7526
+    4544, 3010, 1239, 580, 4545, 4265, 7980, 914, 936, 2074, 1190, 4032, 1039, 2123, 7981, 7982,  # 7542
+    7983, 3386, 1473, 7984, 1354, 4266, 3846, 7985, 2172, 3064, 4033, 915, 3305, 4267, 4268, 3306,  # 7558
+    1605, 1834, 7986, 2739, 398, 3601, 4269, 3847, 4034, 328, 1912, 2847, 4035, 3848, 1331, 4270,  # 7574
+    3011, 937, 4271, 7987, 3602, 4036, 4037, 3387, 2160, 4546, 3388, 524, 742, 538, 3065, 1012,  # 7590
+    7988, 7989, 3849, 2461, 7990, 658, 1103, 225, 3850, 7991, 7992, 4547, 7993, 4548, 7994, 3236,  # 7606
+    1243, 7995, 4038, 963, 2246, 4549, 7996, 2705, 3603, 3161, 7997, 7998, 2588, 2327, 7999, 4550,  # 7622
+    8000, 8001, 8002, 3489, 3307, 957, 3389, 2540, 2032, 1930, 2927, 2462, 870, 2018, 3604, 1746,  # 7638
+    2770, 2771, 2434, 2463, 8003, 3851, 8004, 3723, 3107, 3724, 3490, 3390, 3725, 8005, 1179, 3066,  # 7654
+    8006, 3162, 2373, 4272, 3726, 2541, 3163, 3108, 2740, 4039, 8007, 3391, 1556, 2542, 2292, 977,  # 7670
+    2887, 2033, 4040, 1205, 3392, 8008, 1765, 3393, 3164, 2124, 1271, 1689, 714, 4551, 3491, 8009,  # 7686
+    2328, 3852, 533, 4273, 3605, 2181, 617, 8010, 2464, 3308, 3492, 2310, 8011, 8012, 3165, 8013,  # 7702
+    8014, 3853, 1987, 618, 427, 2641, 3493, 3394, 8015, 8016, 1244, 1690, 8017, 2806, 4274, 4552,  # 7718
+    8018, 3494, 8019, 8020, 2279, 1576, 473, 3606, 4275, 3395, 972, 8021, 3607, 8022, 3067, 8023,  # 7734
+    8024, 4553, 4554, 8025, 3727, 4041, 4042, 8026, 153, 4555, 356, 8027, 1891, 2888, 4276, 2143,  # 7750
+    408, 803, 2352, 8028, 3854, 8029, 4277, 1646, 2570, 2511, 4556, 4557, 3855, 8030, 3856, 4278,  # 7766
+    8031, 2411, 3396, 752, 8032, 8033, 1961, 2964, 8034, 746, 3012, 2465, 8035, 4279, 3728, 698,  # 7782
+    4558, 1892, 4280, 3608, 2543, 4559, 3609, 3857, 8036, 3166, 3397, 8037, 1823, 1302, 4043, 2706,  # 7798
+    3858, 1973, 4281, 8038, 4282, 3167, 823, 1303, 1288, 1236, 2848, 3495, 4044, 3398, 774, 3859,  # 7814
+    8039, 1581, 4560, 1304, 2849, 3860, 4561, 8040, 2435, 2161, 1083, 3237, 4283, 4045, 4284, 344,  # 7830
+    1173, 288, 2311, 454, 1683, 8041, 8042, 1461, 4562, 4046, 2589, 8043, 8044, 4563, 985, 894,  # 7846
+    8045, 3399, 3168, 8046, 1913, 2928, 3729, 1988, 8047, 2110, 1974, 8048, 4047, 8049, 2571, 1194,  # 7862
+    425, 8050, 4564, 3169, 1245, 3730, 4285, 8051, 8052, 2850, 8053, 636, 4565, 1855, 3861, 760,  # 7878
+    1799, 8054, 4286, 2209, 1508, 4566, 4048, 1893, 1684, 2293, 8055, 8056, 8057, 4287, 4288, 2210,  # 7894
+    479, 8058, 8059, 832, 8060, 4049, 2489, 8061, 2965, 2490, 3731, 990, 3109, 627, 1814, 2642,  # 7910
+    4289, 1582, 4290, 2125, 2111, 3496, 4567, 8062, 799, 4291, 3170, 8063, 4568, 2112, 1737, 3013,  # 7926
+    1018, 543, 754, 4292, 3309, 1676, 4569, 4570, 4050, 8064, 1489, 8065, 3497, 8066, 2614, 2889,  # 7942
+    4051, 8067, 8068, 2966, 8069, 8070, 8071, 8072, 3171, 4571, 4572, 2182, 1722, 8073, 3238, 3239,  # 7958
+    1842, 3610, 1715, 481, 365, 1975, 1856, 8074, 8075, 1962, 2491, 4573, 8076, 2126, 3611, 3240,  # 7974
+    433, 1894, 2063, 2075, 8077, 602, 2741, 8078, 8079, 8080, 8081, 8082, 3014, 1628, 3400, 8083,  # 7990
+    3172, 4574, 4052, 2890, 4575, 2512, 8084, 2544, 2772, 8085, 8086, 8087, 3310, 4576, 2891, 8088,  # 8006
+    4577, 8089, 2851, 4578, 4579, 1221, 2967, 4053, 2513, 8090, 8091, 8092, 1867, 1989, 8093, 8094,  # 8022
+    8095, 1895, 8096, 8097, 4580, 1896, 4054, 318, 8098, 2094, 4055, 4293, 8099, 8100, 485, 8101,  # 8038
+    938, 3862, 553, 2670, 116, 8102, 3863, 3612, 8103, 3498, 2671, 2773, 3401, 3311, 2807, 8104,  # 8054
+    3613, 2929, 4056, 1747, 2930, 2968, 8105, 8106, 207, 8107, 8108, 2672, 4581, 2514, 8109, 3015,  # 8070
+    890, 3614, 3864, 8110, 1877, 3732, 3402, 8111, 2183, 2353, 3403, 1652, 8112, 8113, 8114, 941,  # 8086
+    2294, 208, 3499, 4057, 2019, 330, 4294, 3865, 2892, 2492, 3733, 4295, 8115, 8116, 8117, 8118,  # 8102
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a37ab18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCTWDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import EUCTW_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class EUCTWProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(EUCTW_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCTWDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "EUC-TW"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Taiwan"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312freq.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312freq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b32bfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312freq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# GB2312 most frequently used character table
+#
+# Char to FreqOrder table , from hz6763
+
+# 512  --> 0.79  -- 0.79
+# 1024 --> 0.92  -- 0.13
+# 2048 --> 0.98  -- 0.06
+# 6768 --> 1.00  -- 0.02
+#
+# Ideal Distribution Ratio = 0.79135/(1-0.79135) = 3.79
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512 / (3755 - 512) = 0.157
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio about 25% of Ideal one, still much higher that RDR
+
+GB2312_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 0.9
+
+GB2312_TABLE_SIZE = 3760
+
+# fmt: off
+GB2312_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+1671, 749,1443,2364,3924,3807,2330,3921,1704,3463,2691,1511,1515, 572,3191,2205,
+2361, 224,2558, 479,1711, 963,3162, 440,4060,1905,2966,2947,3580,2647,3961,3842,
+2204, 869,4207, 970,2678,5626,2944,2956,1479,4048, 514,3595, 588,1346,2820,3409,
+ 249,4088,1746,1873,2047,1774, 581,1813, 358,1174,3590,1014,1561,4844,2245, 670,
+1636,3112, 889,1286, 953, 556,2327,3060,1290,3141, 613, 185,3477,1367, 850,3820,
+1715,2428,2642,2303,2732,3041,2562,2648,3566,3946,1349, 388,3098,2091,1360,3585,
+ 152,1687,1539, 738,1559,  59,1232,2925,2267,1388,1249,1741,1679,2960, 151,1566,
+1125,1352,4271, 924,4296, 385,3166,4459, 310,1245,2850,  70,3285,2729,3534,3575,
+2398,3298,3466,1960,2265, 217,3647, 864,1909,2084,4401,2773,1010,3269,5152, 853,
+3051,3121,1244,4251,1895, 364,1499,1540,2313,1180,3655,2268, 562, 715,2417,3061,
+ 544, 336,3768,2380,1752,4075, 950, 280,2425,4382, 183,2759,3272, 333,4297,2155,
+1688,2356,1444,1039,4540, 736,1177,3349,2443,2368,2144,2225, 565, 196,1482,3406,
+ 927,1335,4147, 692, 878,1311,1653,3911,3622,1378,4200,1840,2969,3149,2126,1816,
+2534,1546,2393,2760, 737,2494,  13, 447, 245,2747,  38,2765,2129,2589,1079, 606,
+ 360, 471,3755,2890, 404, 848, 699,1785,1236, 370,2221,1023,3746,2074,2026,2023,
+2388,1581,2119, 812,1141,3091,2536,1519, 804,2053, 406,1596,1090, 784, 548,4414,
+1806,2264,2936,1100, 343,4114,5096, 622,3358, 743,3668,1510,1626,5020,3567,2513,
+3195,4115,5627,2489,2991,  24,2065,2697,1087,2719,  48,1634, 315,  68, 985,2052,
+ 198,2239,1347,1107,1439, 597,2366,2172, 871,3307, 919,2487,2790,1867, 236,2570,
+1413,3794, 906,3365,3381,1701,1982,1818,1524,2924,1205, 616,2586,2072,2004, 575,
+ 253,3099,  32,1365,1182, 197,1714,2454,1201, 554,3388,3224,2748, 756,2587, 250,
+2567,1507,1517,3529,1922,2761,2337,3416,1961,1677,2452,2238,3153, 615, 911,1506,
+1474,2495,1265,1906,2749,3756,3280,2161, 898,2714,1759,3450,2243,2444, 563,  26,
+3286,2266,3769,3344,2707,3677, 611,1402, 531,1028,2871,4548,1375, 261,2948, 835,
+1190,4134, 353, 840,2684,1900,3082,1435,2109,1207,1674, 329,1872,2781,4055,2686,
+2104, 608,3318,2423,2957,2768,1108,3739,3512,3271,3985,2203,1771,3520,1418,2054,
+1681,1153, 225,1627,2929, 162,2050,2511,3687,1954, 124,1859,2431,1684,3032,2894,
+ 585,4805,3969,2869,2704,2088,2032,2095,3656,2635,4362,2209, 256, 518,2042,2105,
+3777,3657, 643,2298,1148,1779, 190, 989,3544, 414,  11,2135,2063,2979,1471, 403,
+3678, 126, 770,1563, 671,2499,3216,2877, 600,1179, 307,2805,4937,1268,1297,2694,
+ 252,4032,1448,1494,1331,1394, 127,2256, 222,1647,1035,1481,3056,1915,1048, 873,
+3651, 210,  33,1608,2516, 200,1520, 415, 102,   0,3389,1287, 817,  91,3299,2940,
+ 836,1814, 549,2197,1396,1669,2987,3582,2297,2848,4528,1070, 687,  20,1819, 121,
+1552,1364,1461,1968,2617,3540,2824,2083, 177, 948,4938,2291, 110,4549,2066, 648,
+3359,1755,2110,2114,4642,4845,1693,3937,3308,1257,1869,2123, 208,1804,3159,2992,
+2531,2549,3361,2418,1350,2347,2800,2568,1291,2036,2680,  72, 842,1990, 212,1233,
+1154,1586,  75,2027,3410,4900,1823,1337,2710,2676, 728,2810,1522,3026,4995, 157,
+ 755,1050,4022, 710, 785,1936,2194,2085,1406,2777,2400, 150,1250,4049,1206, 807,
+1910, 534, 529,3309,1721,1660, 274,  39,2827, 661,2670,1578, 925,3248,3815,1094,
+4278,4901,4252,  41,1150,3747,2572,2227,4501,3658,4902,3813,3357,3617,2884,2258,
+ 887, 538,4187,3199,1294,2439,3042,2329,2343,2497,1255, 107, 543,1527, 521,3478,
+3568, 194,5062,  15, 961,3870,1241,1192,2664,  66,5215,3260,2111,1295,1127,2152,
+3805,4135, 901,1164,1976, 398,1278, 530,1460, 748, 904,1054,1966,1426,  53,2909,
+ 509, 523,2279,1534, 536,1019, 239,1685, 460,2353, 673,1065,2401,3600,4298,2272,
+1272,2363, 284,1753,3679,4064,1695,  81, 815,2677,2757,2731,1386, 859, 500,4221,
+2190,2566, 757,1006,2519,2068,1166,1455, 337,2654,3203,1863,1682,1914,3025,1252,
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+2754,  95,3265,1716, 260,1227,4083, 775, 106,1357,3254, 426,1607, 555,2480, 772,
+1985, 244,2546, 474, 495,1046,2611,1851,2061,  71,2089,1675,2590, 742,3758,2843,
+3222,1433, 267,2180,2576,2826,2233,2092,3913,2435, 956,1745,3075, 856,2113,1116,
+ 451,   3,1988,2896,1398, 993,2463,1878,2049,1341,2718,2721,2870,2108, 712,2904,
+4363,2753,2324, 277,2872,2349,2649, 384, 987, 435, 691,3000, 922, 164,3939, 652,
+1500,1184,4153,2482,3373,2165,4848,2335,3775,3508,3154,2806,2830,1554,2102,1664,
+2530,1434,2408, 893,1547,2623,3447,2832,2242,2532,3169,2856,3223,2078,  49,3770,
+3469, 462, 318, 656,2259,3250,3069, 679,1629,2758, 344,1138,1104,3120,1836,1283,
+3115,2154,1437,4448, 934, 759,1999, 794,2862,1038, 533,2560,1722,2342, 855,2626,
+1197,1663,4476,3127,  85,4240,2528,  25,1111,1181,3673, 407,3470,4561,2679,2713,
+ 768,1925,2841,3986,1544,1165, 932, 373,1240,2146,1930,2673, 721,4766, 354,4333,
+ 391,2963, 187,  61,3364,1442,1102, 330,1940,1767, 341,3809,4118, 393,2496,2062,
+2211, 105, 331, 300, 439, 913,1332, 626, 379,3304,1557, 328, 689,3952, 309,1555,
+ 931, 317,2517,3027, 325, 569, 686,2107,3084,  60,1042,1333,2794, 264,3177,4014,
+1628, 258,3712,   7,4464,1176,1043,1778, 683, 114,1975,  78,1492, 383,1886, 510,
+ 386, 645,5291,2891,2069,3305,4138,3867,2939,2603,2493,1935,1066,1848,3588,1015,
+1282,1289,4609, 697,1453,3044,2666,3611,1856,2412,  54, 719,1330, 568,3778,2459,
+1748, 788, 492, 551,1191,1000, 488,3394,3763, 282,1799, 348,2016,1523,3155,2390,
+1049, 382,2019,1788,1170, 729,2968,3523, 897,3926,2785,2938,3292, 350,2319,3238,
+1718,1717,2655,3453,3143,4465, 161,2889,2980,2009,1421,  56,1908,1640,2387,2232,
+1917,1874,2477,4921, 148,  83,3438, 592,4245,2882,1822,1055, 741, 115,1496,1624,
+ 381,1638,4592,1020, 516,3214, 458, 947,4575,1432, 211,1514,2926,1865,2142, 189,
+ 852,1221,1400,1486, 882,2299,4036, 351,  28,1122, 700,6479,6480,6481,6482,6483,  #last 512
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312prober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d423e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import GB2312DistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import GB2312_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class GB2312Prober(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(GB2312_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = GB2312DistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "GB2312"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Chinese"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/hebrewprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/hebrewprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..785d005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/hebrewprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+#          Shy Shalom
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2005
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+from .sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetProber
+
+# This prober doesn't actually recognize a language or a charset.
+# It is a helper prober for the use of the Hebrew model probers
+
+### General ideas of the Hebrew charset recognition ###
+#
+# Four main charsets exist in Hebrew:
+# "ISO-8859-8" - Visual Hebrew
+# "windows-1255" - Logical Hebrew
+# "ISO-8859-8-I" - Logical Hebrew
+# "x-mac-hebrew" - ?? Logical Hebrew ??
+#
+# Both "ISO" charsets use a completely identical set of code points, whereas
+# "windows-1255" and "x-mac-hebrew" are two different proper supersets of
+# these code points. windows-1255 defines additional characters in the range
+# 0x80-0x9F as some misc punctuation marks as well as some Hebrew-specific
+# diacritics and additional 'Yiddish' ligature letters in the range 0xc0-0xd6.
+# x-mac-hebrew defines similar additional code points but with a different
+# mapping.
+#
+# As far as an average Hebrew text with no diacritics is concerned, all four
+# charsets are identical with respect to code points. Meaning that for the
+# main Hebrew alphabet, all four map the same values to all 27 Hebrew letters
+# (including final letters).
+#
+# The dominant difference between these charsets is their directionality.
+# "Visual" directionality means that the text is ordered as if the renderer is
+# not aware of a BIDI rendering algorithm. The renderer sees the text and
+# draws it from left to right. The text itself when ordered naturally is read
+# backwards. A buffer of Visual Hebrew generally looks like so:
+# "[last word of first line spelled backwards] [whole line ordered backwards
+# and spelled backwards] [first word of first line spelled backwards]
+# [end of line] [last word of second line] ... etc' "
+# adding punctuation marks, numbers and English text to visual text is
+# naturally also "visual" and from left to right.
+#
+# "Logical" directionality means the text is ordered "naturally" according to
+# the order it is read. It is the responsibility of the renderer to display
+# the text from right to left. A BIDI algorithm is used to place general
+# punctuation marks, numbers and English text in the text.
+#
+# Texts in x-mac-hebrew are almost impossible to find on the Internet. From
+# what little evidence I could find, it seems that its general directionality
+# is Logical.
+#
+# To sum up all of the above, the Hebrew probing mechanism knows about two
+# charsets:
+# Visual Hebrew - "ISO-8859-8" - backwards text - Words and sentences are
+#    backwards while line order is natural. For charset recognition purposes
+#    the line order is unimportant (In fact, for this implementation, even
+#    word order is unimportant).
+# Logical Hebrew - "windows-1255" - normal, naturally ordered text.
+#
+# "ISO-8859-8-I" is a subset of windows-1255 and doesn't need to be
+#    specifically identified.
+# "x-mac-hebrew" is also identified as windows-1255. A text in x-mac-hebrew
+#    that contain special punctuation marks or diacritics is displayed with
+#    some unconverted characters showing as question marks. This problem might
+#    be corrected using another model prober for x-mac-hebrew. Due to the fact
+#    that x-mac-hebrew texts are so rare, writing another model prober isn't
+#    worth the effort and performance hit.
+#
+#### The Prober ####
+#
+# The prober is divided between two SBCharSetProbers and a HebrewProber,
+# all of which are managed, created, fed data, inquired and deleted by the
+# SBCSGroupProber. The two SBCharSetProbers identify that the text is in
+# fact some kind of Hebrew, Logical or Visual. The final decision about which
+# one is it is made by the HebrewProber by combining final-letter scores
+# with the scores of the two SBCharSetProbers to produce a final answer.
+#
+# The SBCSGroupProber is responsible for stripping the original text of HTML
+# tags, English characters, numbers, low-ASCII punctuation characters, spaces
+# and new lines. It reduces any sequence of such characters to a single space.
+# The buffer fed to each prober in the SBCS group prober is pure text in
+# high-ASCII.
+# The two SBCharSetProbers (model probers) share the same language model:
+# Win1255Model.
+# The first SBCharSetProber uses the model normally as any other
+# SBCharSetProber does, to recognize windows-1255, upon which this model was
+# built. The second SBCharSetProber is told to make the pair-of-letter
+# lookup in the language model backwards. This in practice exactly simulates
+# a visual Hebrew model using the windows-1255 logical Hebrew model.
+#
+# The HebrewProber is not using any language model. All it does is look for
+# final-letter evidence suggesting the text is either logical Hebrew or visual
+# Hebrew. Disjointed from the model probers, the results of the HebrewProber
+# alone are meaningless. HebrewProber always returns 0.00 as confidence
+# since it never identifies a charset by itself. Instead, the pointer to the
+# HebrewProber is passed to the model probers as a helper "Name Prober".
+# When the Group prober receives a positive identification from any prober,
+# it asks for the name of the charset identified. If the prober queried is a
+# Hebrew model prober, the model prober forwards the call to the
+# HebrewProber to make the final decision. In the HebrewProber, the
+# decision is made according to the final-letters scores maintained and Both
+# model probers scores. The answer is returned in the form of the name of the
+# charset identified, either "windows-1255" or "ISO-8859-8".
+
+
+class HebrewProber(CharSetProber):
+    SPACE = 0x20
+    # windows-1255 / ISO-8859-8 code points of interest
+    FINAL_KAF = 0xEA
+    NORMAL_KAF = 0xEB
+    FINAL_MEM = 0xED
+    NORMAL_MEM = 0xEE
+    FINAL_NUN = 0xEF
+    NORMAL_NUN = 0xF0
+    FINAL_PE = 0xF3
+    NORMAL_PE = 0xF4
+    FINAL_TSADI = 0xF5
+    NORMAL_TSADI = 0xF6
+
+    # Minimum Visual vs Logical final letter score difference.
+    # If the difference is below this, don't rely solely on the final letter score
+    # distance.
+    MIN_FINAL_CHAR_DISTANCE = 5
+
+    # Minimum Visual vs Logical model score difference.
+    # If the difference is below this, don't rely at all on the model score
+    # distance.
+    MIN_MODEL_DISTANCE = 0.01
+
+    VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME = "ISO-8859-8"
+    LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME = "windows-1255"
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._final_char_logical_score = 0
+        self._final_char_visual_score = 0
+        self._prev = self.SPACE
+        self._before_prev = self.SPACE
+        self._logical_prober: Optional[SingleByteCharSetProber] = None
+        self._visual_prober: Optional[SingleByteCharSetProber] = None
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._final_char_logical_score = 0
+        self._final_char_visual_score = 0
+        # The two last characters seen in the previous buffer,
+        # mPrev and mBeforePrev are initialized to space in order to simulate
+        # a word delimiter at the beginning of the data
+        self._prev = self.SPACE
+        self._before_prev = self.SPACE
+        # These probers are owned by the group prober.
+
+    def set_model_probers(
+        self,
+        logical_prober: SingleByteCharSetProber,
+        visual_prober: SingleByteCharSetProber,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._logical_prober = logical_prober
+        self._visual_prober = visual_prober
+
+    def is_final(self, c: int) -> bool:
+        return c in [
+            self.FINAL_KAF,
+            self.FINAL_MEM,
+            self.FINAL_NUN,
+            self.FINAL_PE,
+            self.FINAL_TSADI,
+        ]
+
+    def is_non_final(self, c: int) -> bool:
+        # The normal Tsadi is not a good Non-Final letter due to words like
+        # 'lechotet' (to chat) containing an apostrophe after the tsadi. This
+        # apostrophe is converted to a space in FilterWithoutEnglishLetters
+        # causing the Non-Final tsadi to appear at an end of a word even
+        # though this is not the case in the original text.
+        # The letters Pe and Kaf rarely display a related behavior of not being
+        # a good Non-Final letter. Words like 'Pop', 'Winamp' and 'Mubarak'
+        # for example legally end with a Non-Final Pe or Kaf. However, the
+        # benefit of these letters as Non-Final letters outweighs the damage
+        # since these words are quite rare.
+        return c in [self.NORMAL_KAF, self.NORMAL_MEM, self.NORMAL_NUN, self.NORMAL_PE]
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        # Final letter analysis for logical-visual decision.
+        # Look for evidence that the received buffer is either logical Hebrew
+        # or visual Hebrew.
+        # The following cases are checked:
+        # 1) A word longer than 1 letter, ending with a final letter. This is
+        #    an indication that the text is laid out "naturally" since the
+        #    final letter really appears at the end. +1 for logical score.
+        # 2) A word longer than 1 letter, ending with a Non-Final letter. In
+        #    normal Hebrew, words ending with Kaf, Mem, Nun, Pe or Tsadi,
+        #    should not end with the Non-Final form of that letter. Exceptions
+        #    to this rule are mentioned above in isNonFinal(). This is an
+        #    indication that the text is laid out backwards. +1 for visual
+        #    score
+        # 3) A word longer than 1 letter, starting with a final letter. Final
+        #    letters should not appear at the beginning of a word. This is an
+        #    indication that the text is laid out backwards. +1 for visual
+        #    score.
+        #
+        # The visual score and logical score are accumulated throughout the
+        # text and are finally checked against each other in GetCharSetName().
+        # No checking for final letters in the middle of words is done since
+        # that case is not an indication for either Logical or Visual text.
+        #
+        # We automatically filter out all 7-bit characters (replace them with
+        # spaces) so the word boundary detection works properly. [MAP]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            # Both model probers say it's not them. No reason to continue.
+            return ProbingState.NOT_ME
+
+        byte_str = self.filter_high_byte_only(byte_str)
+
+        for cur in byte_str:
+            if cur == self.SPACE:
+                # We stand on a space - a word just ended
+                if self._before_prev != self.SPACE:
+                    # next-to-last char was not a space so self._prev is not a
+                    # 1 letter word
+                    if self.is_final(self._prev):
+                        # case (1) [-2:not space][-1:final letter][cur:space]
+                        self._final_char_logical_score += 1
+                    elif self.is_non_final(self._prev):
+                        # case (2) [-2:not space][-1:Non-Final letter][
+                        #  cur:space]
+                        self._final_char_visual_score += 1
+            else:
+                # Not standing on a space
+                if (
+                    (self._before_prev == self.SPACE)
+                    and (self.is_final(self._prev))
+                    and (cur != self.SPACE)
+                ):
+                    # case (3) [-2:space][-1:final letter][cur:not space]
+                    self._final_char_visual_score += 1
+            self._before_prev = self._prev
+            self._prev = cur
+
+        # Forever detecting, till the end or until both model probers return
+        # ProbingState.NOT_ME (handled above)
+        return ProbingState.DETECTING
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        assert self._logical_prober is not None
+        assert self._visual_prober is not None
+
+        # Make the decision: is it Logical or Visual?
+        # If the final letter score distance is dominant enough, rely on it.
+        finalsub = self._final_char_logical_score - self._final_char_visual_score
+        if finalsub >= self.MIN_FINAL_CHAR_DISTANCE:
+            return self.LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME
+        if finalsub <= -self.MIN_FINAL_CHAR_DISTANCE:
+            return self.VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+        # It's not dominant enough, try to rely on the model scores instead.
+        modelsub = (
+            self._logical_prober.get_confidence() - self._visual_prober.get_confidence()
+        )
+        if modelsub > self.MIN_MODEL_DISTANCE:
+            return self.LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME
+        if modelsub < -self.MIN_MODEL_DISTANCE:
+            return self.VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+        # Still no good, back to final letter distance, maybe it'll save the
+        # day.
+        if finalsub < 0.0:
+            return self.VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+        # (finalsub > 0 - Logical) or (don't know what to do) default to
+        # Logical.
+        return self.LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Hebrew"
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self._logical_prober is not None
+        assert self._visual_prober is not None
+
+        # Remain active as long as any of the model probers are active.
+        if (self._logical_prober.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME) and (
+            self._visual_prober.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME
+        ):
+            return ProbingState.NOT_ME
+        return ProbingState.DETECTING
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jisfreq.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jisfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3293576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jisfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# Sampling from about 20M text materials include literature and computer technology
+#
+# Japanese frequency table, applied to both S-JIS and EUC-JP
+# They are sorted in order.
+
+# 128  --> 0.77094
+# 256  --> 0.85710
+# 512  --> 0.92635
+# 1024 --> 0.97130
+# 2048 --> 0.99431
+#
+# Ideal Distribution Ratio = 0.92635 / (1-0.92635) = 12.58
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512 / (2965+62+83+86-512) = 0.191
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio, 25% of IDR
+
+JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 3.0
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table ,
+JIS_TABLE_SIZE = 4368
+
+# fmt: off
+JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+  40,   1,   6, 182, 152, 180, 295,2127, 285, 381,3295,4304,3068,4606,3165,3510, #   16
+3511,1822,2785,4607,1193,2226,5070,4608, 171,2996,1247,  18, 179,5071, 856,1661, #   32
+1262,5072, 619, 127,3431,3512,3230,1899,1700, 232, 228,1294,1298, 284, 283,2041, #   48
+2042,1061,1062,  48,  49,  44,  45, 433, 434,1040,1041, 996, 787,2997,1255,4305, #   64
+2108,4609,1684,1648,5073,5074,5075,5076,5077,5078,3687,5079,4610,5080,3927,3928, #   80
+5081,3296,3432, 290,2285,1471,2187,5082,2580,2825,1303,2140,1739,1445,2691,3375, #   96
+1691,3297,4306,4307,4611, 452,3376,1182,2713,3688,3069,4308,5083,5084,5085,5086, #  112
+5087,5088,5089,5090,5091,5092,5093,5094,5095,5096,5097,5098,5099,5100,5101,5102, #  128
+5103,5104,5105,5106,5107,5108,5109,5110,5111,5112,4097,5113,5114,5115,5116,5117, #  144
+5118,5119,5120,5121,5122,5123,5124,5125,5126,5127,5128,5129,5130,5131,5132,5133, #  160
+5134,5135,5136,5137,5138,5139,5140,5141,5142,5143,5144,5145,5146,5147,5148,5149, #  176
+5150,5151,5152,4612,5153,5154,5155,5156,5157,5158,5159,5160,5161,5162,5163,5164, #  192
+5165,5166,5167,5168,5169,5170,5171,5172,5173,5174,5175,1472, 598, 618, 820,1205, #  208
+1309,1412,1858,1307,1692,5176,5177,5178,5179,5180,5181,5182,1142,1452,1234,1172, #  224
+1875,2043,2149,1793,1382,2973, 925,2404,1067,1241, 960,1377,2935,1491, 919,1217, #  240
+1865,2030,1406,1499,2749,4098,5183,5184,5185,5186,5187,5188,2561,4099,3117,1804, #  256
+2049,3689,4309,3513,1663,5189,3166,3118,3298,1587,1561,3433,5190,3119,1625,2998, #  272
+3299,4613,1766,3690,2786,4614,5191,5192,5193,5194,2161,  26,3377,   2,3929,  20, #  288
+3691,  47,4100,  50,  17,  16,  35, 268,  27, 243,  42, 155,  24, 154,  29, 184, #  304
+   4,  91,  14,  92,  53, 396,  33, 289,   9,  37,  64, 620,  21,  39, 321,   5, #  320
+  12,  11,  52,  13,   3, 208, 138,   0,   7,  60, 526, 141, 151,1069, 181, 275, #  336
+1591,  83, 132,1475, 126, 331, 829,  15,  69, 160,  59,  22, 157,  55,1079, 312, #  352
+ 109,  38,  23,  25,  10,  19,  79,5195,  61, 382,1124,   8,  30,5196,5197,5198, #  368
+5199,5200,5201,5202,5203,5204,5205,5206,  89,  62,  74,  34,2416, 112, 139, 196, #  384
+ 271, 149,  84, 607, 131, 765,  46,  88, 153, 683,  76, 874, 101, 258,  57,  80, #  400
+  32, 364, 121,1508, 169,1547,  68, 235, 145,2999,  41, 360,3027,  70,  63,  31, #  416
+  43, 259, 262,1383,  99, 533, 194,  66,  93, 846, 217, 192,  56, 106,  58, 565, #  432
+ 280, 272, 311, 256, 146,  82, 308,  71, 100, 128, 214, 655, 110, 261, 104,1140, #  448
+  54,  51,  36,  87,  67,3070, 185,2618,2936,2020,  28,1066,2390,2059,5207,5208, #  464
+5209,5210,5211,5212,5213,5214,5215,5216,4615,5217,5218,5219,5220,5221,5222,5223, #  480
+5224,5225,5226,5227,5228,5229,5230,5231,5232,5233,5234,5235,5236,3514,5237,5238, #  496
+5239,5240,5241,5242,5243,5244,2297,2031,4616,4310,3692,5245,3071,5246,3598,5247, #  512
+4617,3231,3515,5248,4101,4311,4618,3808,4312,4102,5249,4103,4104,3599,5250,5251, #  528
+5252,5253,5254,5255,5256,5257,5258,5259,5260,5261,5262,5263,5264,5265,5266,5267, #  544
+5268,5269,5270,5271,5272,5273,5274,5275,5276,5277,5278,5279,5280,5281,5282,5283, #  560
+5284,5285,5286,5287,5288,5289,5290,5291,5292,5293,5294,5295,5296,5297,5298,5299, #  576
+5300,5301,5302,5303,5304,5305,5306,5307,5308,5309,5310,5311,5312,5313,5314,5315, #  592
+5316,5317,5318,5319,5320,5321,5322,5323,5324,5325,5326,5327,5328,5329,5330,5331, #  608
+5332,5333,5334,5335,5336,5337,5338,5339,5340,5341,5342,5343,5344,5345,5346,5347, #  624
+5348,5349,5350,5351,5352,5353,5354,5355,5356,5357,5358,5359,5360,5361,5362,5363, #  640
+5364,5365,5366,5367,5368,5369,5370,5371,5372,5373,5374,5375,5376,5377,5378,5379, #  656
+5380,5381, 363, 642,2787,2878,2788,2789,2316,3232,2317,3434,2011, 165,1942,3930, #  672
+3931,3932,3933,5382,4619,5383,4620,5384,5385,5386,5387,5388,5389,5390,5391,5392, #  688
+5393,5394,5395,5396,5397,5398,5399,5400,5401,5402,5403,5404,5405,5406,5407,5408, #  704
+5409,5410,5411,5412,5413,5414,5415,5416,5417,5418,5419,5420,5421,5422,5423,5424, #  720
+5425,5426,5427,5428,5429,5430,5431,5432,5433,5434,5435,5436,5437,5438,5439,5440, #  736
+5441,5442,5443,5444,5445,5446,5447,5448,5449,5450,5451,5452,5453,5454,5455,5456, #  752
+5457,5458,5459,5460,5461,5462,5463,5464,5465,5466,5467,5468,5469,5470,5471,5472, #  768
+5473,5474,5475,5476,5477,5478,5479,5480,5481,5482,5483,5484,5485,5486,5487,5488, #  784
+5489,5490,5491,5492,5493,5494,5495,5496,5497,5498,5499,5500,5501,5502,5503,5504, #  800
+5505,5506,5507,5508,5509,5510,5511,5512,5513,5514,5515,5516,5517,5518,5519,5520, #  816
+5521,5522,5523,5524,5525,5526,5527,5528,5529,5530,5531,5532,5533,5534,5535,5536, #  832
+5537,5538,5539,5540,5541,5542,5543,5544,5545,5546,5547,5548,5549,5550,5551,5552, #  848
+5553,5554,5555,5556,5557,5558,5559,5560,5561,5562,5563,5564,5565,5566,5567,5568, #  864
+5569,5570,5571,5572,5573,5574,5575,5576,5577,5578,5579,5580,5581,5582,5583,5584, #  880
+5585,5586,5587,5588,5589,5590,5591,5592,5593,5594,5595,5596,5597,5598,5599,5600, #  896
+5601,5602,5603,5604,5605,5606,5607,5608,5609,5610,5611,5612,5613,5614,5615,5616, #  912
+5617,5618,5619,5620,5621,5622,5623,5624,5625,5626,5627,5628,5629,5630,5631,5632, #  928
+5633,5634,5635,5636,5637,5638,5639,5640,5641,5642,5643,5644,5645,5646,5647,5648, #  944
+5649,5650,5651,5652,5653,5654,5655,5656,5657,5658,5659,5660,5661,5662,5663,5664, #  960
+5665,5666,5667,5668,5669,5670,5671,5672,5673,5674,5675,5676,5677,5678,5679,5680, #  976
+5681,5682,5683,5684,5685,5686,5687,5688,5689,5690,5691,5692,5693,5694,5695,5696, #  992
+5697,5698,5699,5700,5701,5702,5703,5704,5705,5706,5707,5708,5709,5710,5711,5712, # 1008
+5713,5714,5715,5716,5717,5718,5719,5720,5721,5722,5723,5724,5725,5726,5727,5728, # 1024
+5729,5730,5731,5732,5733,5734,5735,5736,5737,5738,5739,5740,5741,5742,5743,5744, # 1040
+5745,5746,5747,5748,5749,5750,5751,5752,5753,5754,5755,5756,5757,5758,5759,5760, # 1056
+5761,5762,5763,5764,5765,5766,5767,5768,5769,5770,5771,5772,5773,5774,5775,5776, # 1072
+5777,5778,5779,5780,5781,5782,5783,5784,5785,5786,5787,5788,5789,5790,5791,5792, # 1088
+5793,5794,5795,5796,5797,5798,5799,5800,5801,5802,5803,5804,5805,5806,5807,5808, # 1104
+5809,5810,5811,5812,5813,5814,5815,5816,5817,5818,5819,5820,5821,5822,5823,5824, # 1120
+5825,5826,5827,5828,5829,5830,5831,5832,5833,5834,5835,5836,5837,5838,5839,5840, # 1136
+5841,5842,5843,5844,5845,5846,5847,5848,5849,5850,5851,5852,5853,5854,5855,5856, # 1152
+5857,5858,5859,5860,5861,5862,5863,5864,5865,5866,5867,5868,5869,5870,5871,5872, # 1168
+5873,5874,5875,5876,5877,5878,5879,5880,5881,5882,5883,5884,5885,5886,5887,5888, # 1184
+5889,5890,5891,5892,5893,5894,5895,5896,5897,5898,5899,5900,5901,5902,5903,5904, # 1200
+5905,5906,5907,5908,5909,5910,5911,5912,5913,5914,5915,5916,5917,5918,5919,5920, # 1216
+5921,5922,5923,5924,5925,5926,5927,5928,5929,5930,5931,5932,5933,5934,5935,5936, # 1232
+5937,5938,5939,5940,5941,5942,5943,5944,5945,5946,5947,5948,5949,5950,5951,5952, # 1248
+5953,5954,5955,5956,5957,5958,5959,5960,5961,5962,5963,5964,5965,5966,5967,5968, # 1264
+5969,5970,5971,5972,5973,5974,5975,5976,5977,5978,5979,5980,5981,5982,5983,5984, # 1280
+5985,5986,5987,5988,5989,5990,5991,5992,5993,5994,5995,5996,5997,5998,5999,6000, # 1296
+6001,6002,6003,6004,6005,6006,6007,6008,6009,6010,6011,6012,6013,6014,6015,6016, # 1312
+6017,6018,6019,6020,6021,6022,6023,6024,6025,6026,6027,6028,6029,6030,6031,6032, # 1328
+6033,6034,6035,6036,6037,6038,6039,6040,6041,6042,6043,6044,6045,6046,6047,6048, # 1344
+6049,6050,6051,6052,6053,6054,6055,6056,6057,6058,6059,6060,6061,6062,6063,6064, # 1360
+6065,6066,6067,6068,6069,6070,6071,6072,6073,6074,6075,6076,6077,6078,6079,6080, # 1376
+6081,6082,6083,6084,6085,6086,6087,6088,6089,6090,6091,6092,6093,6094,6095,6096, # 1392
+6097,6098,6099,6100,6101,6102,6103,6104,6105,6106,6107,6108,6109,6110,6111,6112, # 1408
+6113,6114,2044,2060,4621, 997,1235, 473,1186,4622, 920,3378,6115,6116, 379,1108, # 1424
+4313,2657,2735,3934,6117,3809, 636,3233, 573,1026,3693,3435,2974,3300,2298,4105, # 1440
+ 854,2937,2463, 393,2581,2417, 539, 752,1280,2750,2480, 140,1161, 440, 708,1569, # 1456
+ 665,2497,1746,1291,1523,3000, 164,1603, 847,1331, 537,1997, 486, 508,1693,2418, # 1472
+1970,2227, 878,1220, 299,1030, 969, 652,2751, 624,1137,3301,2619,  65,3302,2045, # 1488
+1761,1859,3120,1930,3694,3516, 663,1767, 852, 835,3695, 269, 767,2826,2339,1305, # 1504
+ 896,1150, 770,1616,6118, 506,1502,2075,1012,2519, 775,2520,2975,2340,2938,4314, # 1520
+3028,2086,1224,1943,2286,6119,3072,4315,2240,1273,1987,3935,1557, 175, 597, 985, # 1536
+3517,2419,2521,1416,3029, 585, 938,1931,1007,1052,1932,1685,6120,3379,4316,4623, # 1552
+ 804, 599,3121,1333,2128,2539,1159,1554,2032,3810, 687,2033,2904, 952, 675,1467, # 1568
+3436,6121,2241,1096,1786,2440,1543,1924, 980,1813,2228, 781,2692,1879, 728,1918, # 1584
+3696,4624, 548,1950,4625,1809,1088,1356,3303,2522,1944, 502, 972, 373, 513,2827, # 1600
+ 586,2377,2391,1003,1976,1631,6122,2464,1084, 648,1776,4626,2141, 324, 962,2012, # 1616
+2177,2076,1384, 742,2178,1448,1173,1810, 222, 102, 301, 445, 125,2420, 662,2498, # 1632
+ 277, 200,1476,1165,1068, 224,2562,1378,1446, 450,1880, 659, 791, 582,4627,2939, # 1648
+3936,1516,1274, 555,2099,3697,1020,1389,1526,3380,1762,1723,1787,2229, 412,2114, # 1664
+1900,2392,3518, 512,2597, 427,1925,2341,3122,1653,1686,2465,2499, 697, 330, 273, # 1680
+ 380,2162, 951, 832, 780, 991,1301,3073, 965,2270,3519, 668,2523,2636,1286, 535, # 1696
+1407, 518, 671, 957,2658,2378, 267, 611,2197,3030,6123, 248,2299, 967,1799,2356, # 1712
+ 850,1418,3437,1876,1256,1480,2828,1718,6124,6125,1755,1664,2405,6126,4628,2879, # 1728
+2829, 499,2179, 676,4629, 557,2329,2214,2090, 325,3234, 464, 811,3001, 992,2342, # 1744
+2481,1232,1469, 303,2242, 466,1070,2163, 603,1777,2091,4630,2752,4631,2714, 322, # 1760
+2659,1964,1768, 481,2188,1463,2330,2857,3600,2092,3031,2421,4632,2318,2070,1849, # 1776
+2598,4633,1302,2254,1668,1701,2422,3811,2905,3032,3123,2046,4106,1763,1694,4634, # 1792
+1604, 943,1724,1454, 917, 868,2215,1169,2940, 552,1145,1800,1228,1823,1955, 316, # 1808
+1080,2510, 361,1807,2830,4107,2660,3381,1346,1423,1134,4108,6127, 541,1263,1229, # 1824
+1148,2540, 545, 465,1833,2880,3438,1901,3074,2482, 816,3937, 713,1788,2500, 122, # 1840
+1575, 195,1451,2501,1111,6128, 859, 374,1225,2243,2483,4317, 390,1033,3439,3075, # 1856
+2524,1687, 266, 793,1440,2599, 946, 779, 802, 507, 897,1081, 528,2189,1292, 711, # 1872
+1866,1725,1167,1640, 753, 398,2661,1053, 246, 348,4318, 137,1024,3440,1600,2077, # 1888
+2129, 825,4319, 698, 238, 521, 187,2300,1157,2423,1641,1605,1464,1610,1097,2541, # 1904
+1260,1436, 759,2255,1814,2150, 705,3235, 409,2563,3304, 561,3033,2005,2564, 726, # 1920
+1956,2343,3698,4109, 949,3812,3813,3520,1669, 653,1379,2525, 881,2198, 632,2256, # 1936
+1027, 778,1074, 733,1957, 514,1481,2466, 554,2180, 702,3938,1606,1017,1398,6129, # 1952
+1380,3521, 921, 993,1313, 594, 449,1489,1617,1166, 768,1426,1360, 495,1794,3601, # 1968
+1177,3602,1170,4320,2344, 476, 425,3167,4635,3168,1424, 401,2662,1171,3382,1998, # 1984
+1089,4110, 477,3169, 474,6130,1909, 596,2831,1842, 494, 693,1051,1028,1207,3076, # 2000
+ 606,2115, 727,2790,1473,1115, 743,3522, 630, 805,1532,4321,2021, 366,1057, 838, # 2016
+ 684,1114,2142,4322,2050,1492,1892,1808,2271,3814,2424,1971,1447,1373,3305,1090, # 2032
+1536,3939,3523,3306,1455,2199, 336, 369,2331,1035, 584,2393, 902, 718,2600,6131, # 2048
+2753, 463,2151,1149,1611,2467, 715,1308,3124,1268, 343,1413,3236,1517,1347,2663, # 2064
+2093,3940,2022,1131,1553,2100,2941,1427,3441,2942,1323,2484,6132,1980, 872,2368, # 2080
+2441,2943, 320,2369,2116,1082, 679,1933,3941,2791,3815, 625,1143,2023, 422,2200, # 2096
+3816,6133, 730,1695, 356,2257,1626,2301,2858,2637,1627,1778, 937, 883,2906,2693, # 2112
+3002,1769,1086, 400,1063,1325,3307,2792,4111,3077, 456,2345,1046, 747,6134,1524, # 2128
+ 884,1094,3383,1474,2164,1059, 974,1688,2181,2258,1047, 345,1665,1187, 358, 875, # 2144
+3170, 305, 660,3524,2190,1334,1135,3171,1540,1649,2542,1527, 927, 968,2793, 885, # 2160
+1972,1850, 482, 500,2638,1218,1109,1085,2543,1654,2034, 876,  78,2287,1482,1277, # 2176
+ 861,1675,1083,1779, 724,2754, 454, 397,1132,1612,2332, 893, 672,1237, 257,2259, # 2192
+2370, 135,3384, 337,2244, 547, 352, 340, 709,2485,1400, 788,1138,2511, 540, 772, # 2208
+1682,2260,2272,2544,2013,1843,1902,4636,1999,1562,2288,4637,2201,1403,1533, 407, # 2224
+ 576,3308,1254,2071, 978,3385, 170, 136,1201,3125,2664,3172,2394, 213, 912, 873, # 2240
+3603,1713,2202, 699,3604,3699, 813,3442, 493, 531,1054, 468,2907,1483, 304, 281, # 2256
+4112,1726,1252,2094, 339,2319,2130,2639, 756,1563,2944, 748, 571,2976,1588,2425, # 2272
+2715,1851,1460,2426,1528,1392,1973,3237, 288,3309, 685,3386, 296, 892,2716,2216, # 2288
+1570,2245, 722,1747,2217, 905,3238,1103,6135,1893,1441,1965, 251,1805,2371,3700, # 2304
+2601,1919,1078,  75,2182,1509,1592,1270,2640,4638,2152,6136,3310,3817, 524, 706, # 2320
+1075, 292,3818,1756,2602, 317,  98,3173,3605,3525,1844,2218,3819,2502, 814, 567, # 2336
+ 385,2908,1534,6137, 534,1642,3239, 797,6138,1670,1529, 953,4323, 188,1071, 538, # 2352
+ 178, 729,3240,2109,1226,1374,2000,2357,2977, 731,2468,1116,2014,2051,6139,1261, # 2368
+1593, 803,2859,2736,3443, 556, 682, 823,1541,6140,1369,2289,1706,2794, 845, 462, # 2384
+2603,2665,1361, 387, 162,2358,1740, 739,1770,1720,1304,1401,3241,1049, 627,1571, # 2400
+2427,3526,1877,3942,1852,1500, 431,1910,1503, 677, 297,2795, 286,1433,1038,1198, # 2416
+2290,1133,1596,4113,4639,2469,1510,1484,3943,6141,2442, 108, 712,4640,2372, 866, # 2432
+3701,2755,3242,1348, 834,1945,1408,3527,2395,3243,1811, 824, 994,1179,2110,1548, # 2448
+1453, 790,3003, 690,4324,4325,2832,2909,3820,1860,3821, 225,1748, 310, 346,1780, # 2464
+2470, 821,1993,2717,2796, 828, 877,3528,2860,2471,1702,2165,2910,2486,1789, 453, # 2480
+ 359,2291,1676,  73,1164,1461,1127,3311, 421, 604, 314,1037, 589, 116,2487, 737, # 2496
+ 837,1180, 111, 244, 735,6142,2261,1861,1362, 986, 523, 418, 581,2666,3822, 103, # 2512
+ 855, 503,1414,1867,2488,1091, 657,1597, 979, 605,1316,4641,1021,2443,2078,2001, # 2528
+1209,  96, 587,2166,1032, 260,1072,2153, 173,  94, 226,3244, 819,2006,4642,4114, # 2544
+2203, 231,1744, 782,  97,2667, 786,3387, 887, 391, 442,2219,4326,1425,6143,2694, # 2560
+ 633,1544,1202, 483,2015, 592,2052,1958,2472,1655, 419, 129,4327,3444,3312,1714, # 2576
+1257,3078,4328,1518,1098, 865,1310,1019,1885,1512,1734, 469,2444, 148, 773, 436, # 2592
+1815,1868,1128,1055,4329,1245,2756,3445,2154,1934,1039,4643, 579,1238, 932,2320, # 2608
+ 353, 205, 801, 115,2428, 944,2321,1881, 399,2565,1211, 678, 766,3944, 335,2101, # 2624
+1459,1781,1402,3945,2737,2131,1010, 844, 981,1326,1013, 550,1816,1545,2620,1335, # 2640
+1008, 371,2881, 936,1419,1613,3529,1456,1395,2273,1834,2604,1317,2738,2503, 416, # 2656
+1643,4330, 806,1126, 229, 591,3946,1314,1981,1576,1837,1666, 347,1790, 977,3313, # 2672
+ 764,2861,1853, 688,2429,1920,1462,  77, 595, 415,2002,3034, 798,1192,4115,6144, # 2688
+2978,4331,3035,2695,2582,2072,2566, 430,2430,1727, 842,1396,3947,3702, 613, 377, # 2704
+ 278, 236,1417,3388,3314,3174, 757,1869, 107,3530,6145,1194, 623,2262, 207,1253, # 2720
+2167,3446,3948, 492,1117,1935, 536,1838,2757,1246,4332, 696,2095,2406,1393,1572, # 2736
+3175,1782, 583, 190, 253,1390,2230, 830,3126,3389, 934,3245,1703,1749,2979,1870, # 2752
+2545,1656,2204, 869,2346,4116,3176,1817, 496,1764,4644, 942,1504, 404,1903,1122, # 2768
+1580,3606,2945,1022, 515, 372,1735, 955,2431,3036,6146,2797,1110,2302,2798, 617, # 2784
+6147, 441, 762,1771,3447,3607,3608,1904, 840,3037,  86, 939,1385, 572,1370,2445, # 2800
+1336, 114,3703, 898, 294, 203,3315, 703,1583,2274, 429, 961,4333,1854,1951,3390, # 2816
+2373,3704,4334,1318,1381, 966,1911,2322,1006,1155, 309, 989, 458,2718,1795,1372, # 2832
+1203, 252,1689,1363,3177, 517,1936, 168,1490, 562, 193,3823,1042,4117,1835, 551, # 2848
+ 470,4645, 395, 489,3448,1871,1465,2583,2641, 417,1493, 279,1295, 511,1236,1119, # 2864
+  72,1231,1982,1812,3004, 871,1564, 984,3449,1667,2696,2096,4646,2347,2833,1673, # 2880
+3609, 695,3246,2668, 807,1183,4647, 890, 388,2333,1801,1457,2911,1765,1477,1031, # 2896
+3316,3317,1278,3391,2799,2292,2526, 163,3450,4335,2669,1404,1802,6148,2323,2407, # 2912
+1584,1728,1494,1824,1269, 298, 909,3318,1034,1632, 375, 776,1683,2061, 291, 210, # 2928
+1123, 809,1249,1002,2642,3038, 206,1011,2132, 144, 975, 882,1565, 342, 667, 754, # 2944
+1442,2143,1299,2303,2062, 447, 626,2205,1221,2739,2912,1144,1214,2206,2584, 760, # 2960
+1715, 614, 950,1281,2670,2621, 810, 577,1287,2546,4648, 242,2168, 250,2643, 691, # 2976
+ 123,2644, 647, 313,1029, 689,1357,2946,1650, 216, 771,1339,1306, 808,2063, 549, # 2992
+ 913,1371,2913,2914,6149,1466,1092,1174,1196,1311,2605,2396,1783,1796,3079, 406, # 3008
+2671,2117,3949,4649, 487,1825,2220,6150,2915, 448,2348,1073,6151,2397,1707, 130, # 3024
+ 900,1598, 329, 176,1959,2527,1620,6152,2275,4336,3319,1983,2191,3705,3610,2155, # 3040
+3706,1912,1513,1614,6153,1988, 646, 392,2304,1589,3320,3039,1826,1239,1352,1340, # 3056
+2916, 505,2567,1709,1437,2408,2547, 906,6154,2672, 384,1458,1594,1100,1329, 710, # 3072
+ 423,3531,2064,2231,2622,1989,2673,1087,1882, 333, 841,3005,1296,2882,2379, 580, # 3088
+1937,1827,1293,2585, 601, 574, 249,1772,4118,2079,1120, 645, 901,1176,1690, 795, # 3104
+2207, 478,1434, 516,1190,1530, 761,2080, 930,1264, 355, 435,1552, 644,1791, 987, # 3120
+ 220,1364,1163,1121,1538, 306,2169,1327,1222, 546,2645, 218, 241, 610,1704,3321, # 3136
+1984,1839,1966,2528, 451,6155,2586,3707,2568, 907,3178, 254,2947, 186,1845,4650, # 3152
+ 745, 432,1757, 428,1633, 888,2246,2221,2489,3611,2118,1258,1265, 956,3127,1784, # 3168
+4337,2490, 319, 510, 119, 457,3612, 274,2035,2007,4651,1409,3128, 970,2758, 590, # 3184
+2800, 661,2247,4652,2008,3950,1420,1549,3080,3322,3951,1651,1375,2111, 485,2491, # 3200
+1429,1156,6156,2548,2183,1495, 831,1840,2529,2446, 501,1657, 307,1894,3247,1341, # 3216
+ 666, 899,2156,1539,2549,1559, 886, 349,2208,3081,2305,1736,3824,2170,2759,1014, # 3232
+1913,1386, 542,1397,2948, 490, 368, 716, 362, 159, 282,2569,1129,1658,1288,1750, # 3248
+2674, 276, 649,2016, 751,1496, 658,1818,1284,1862,2209,2087,2512,3451, 622,2834, # 3264
+ 376, 117,1060,2053,1208,1721,1101,1443, 247,1250,3179,1792,3952,2760,2398,3953, # 3280
+6157,2144,3708, 446,2432,1151,2570,3452,2447,2761,2835,1210,2448,3082, 424,2222, # 3296
+1251,2449,2119,2836, 504,1581,4338, 602, 817, 857,3825,2349,2306, 357,3826,1470, # 3312
+1883,2883, 255, 958, 929,2917,3248, 302,4653,1050,1271,1751,2307,1952,1430,2697, # 3328
+2719,2359, 354,3180, 777, 158,2036,4339,1659,4340,4654,2308,2949,2248,1146,2232, # 3344
+3532,2720,1696,2623,3827,6158,3129,1550,2698,1485,1297,1428, 637, 931,2721,2145, # 3360
+ 914,2550,2587,  81,2450, 612, 827,2646,1242,4655,1118,2884, 472,1855,3181,3533, # 3376
+3534, 569,1353,2699,1244,1758,2588,4119,2009,2762,2171,3709,1312,1531,6159,1152, # 3392
+1938, 134,1830, 471,3710,2276,1112,1535,3323,3453,3535, 982,1337,2950, 488, 826, # 3408
+ 674,1058,1628,4120,2017, 522,2399, 211, 568,1367,3454, 350, 293,1872,1139,3249, # 3424
+1399,1946,3006,1300,2360,3324, 588, 736,6160,2606, 744, 669,3536,3828,6161,1358, # 3440
+ 199, 723, 848, 933, 851,1939,1505,1514,1338,1618,1831,4656,1634,3613, 443,2740, # 3456
+3829, 717,1947, 491,1914,6162,2551,1542,4121,1025,6163,1099,1223, 198,3040,2722, # 3472
+ 370, 410,1905,2589, 998,1248,3182,2380, 519,1449,4122,1710, 947, 928,1153,4341, # 3488
+2277, 344,2624,1511, 615, 105, 161,1212,1076,1960,3130,2054,1926,1175,1906,2473, # 3504
+ 414,1873,2801,6164,2309, 315,1319,3325, 318,2018,2146,2157, 963, 631, 223,4342, # 3520
+4343,2675, 479,3711,1197,2625,3712,2676,2361,6165,4344,4123,6166,2451,3183,1886, # 3536
+2184,1674,1330,1711,1635,1506, 799, 219,3250,3083,3954,1677,3713,3326,2081,3614, # 3552
+1652,2073,4657,1147,3041,1752, 643,1961, 147,1974,3955,6167,1716,2037, 918,3007, # 3568
+1994, 120,1537, 118, 609,3184,4345, 740,3455,1219, 332,1615,3830,6168,1621,2980, # 3584
+1582, 783, 212, 553,2350,3714,1349,2433,2082,4124, 889,6169,2310,1275,1410, 973, # 3600
+ 166,1320,3456,1797,1215,3185,2885,1846,2590,2763,4658, 629, 822,3008, 763, 940, # 3616
+1990,2862, 439,2409,1566,1240,1622, 926,1282,1907,2764, 654,2210,1607, 327,1130, # 3632
+3956,1678,1623,6170,2434,2192, 686, 608,3831,3715, 903,3957,3042,6171,2741,1522, # 3648
+1915,1105,1555,2552,1359, 323,3251,4346,3457, 738,1354,2553,2311,2334,1828,2003, # 3664
+3832,1753,2351,1227,6172,1887,4125,1478,6173,2410,1874,1712,1847, 520,1204,2607, # 3680
+ 264,4659, 836,2677,2102, 600,4660,3833,2278,3084,6174,4347,3615,1342, 640, 532, # 3696
+ 543,2608,1888,2400,2591,1009,4348,1497, 341,1737,3616,2723,1394, 529,3252,1321, # 3712
+ 983,4661,1515,2120, 971,2592, 924, 287,1662,3186,4349,2700,4350,1519, 908,1948, # 3728
+2452, 156, 796,1629,1486,2223,2055, 694,4126,1259,1036,3392,1213,2249,2742,1889, # 3744
+1230,3958,1015, 910, 408, 559,3617,4662, 746, 725, 935,4663,3959,3009,1289, 563, # 3760
+ 867,4664,3960,1567,2981,2038,2626, 988,2263,2381,4351, 143,2374, 704,1895,6175, # 3776
+1188,3716,2088, 673,3085,2362,4352, 484,1608,1921,2765,2918, 215, 904,3618,3537, # 3792
+ 894, 509, 976,3043,2701,3961,4353,2837,2982, 498,6176,6177,1102,3538,1332,3393, # 3808
+1487,1636,1637, 233, 245,3962, 383, 650, 995,3044, 460,1520,1206,2352, 749,3327, # 3824
+ 530, 700, 389,1438,1560,1773,3963,2264, 719,2951,2724,3834, 870,1832,1644,1000, # 3840
+ 839,2474,3717, 197,1630,3394, 365,2886,3964,1285,2133, 734, 922, 818,1106, 732, # 3856
+ 480,2083,1774,3458, 923,2279,1350, 221,3086,  85,2233,2234,3835,1585,3010,2147, # 3872
+1387,1705,2382,1619,2475, 133, 239,2802,1991,1016,2084,2383, 411,2838,1113, 651, # 3888
+1985,1160,3328, 990,1863,3087,1048,1276,2647, 265,2627,1599,3253,2056, 150, 638, # 3904
+2019, 656, 853, 326,1479, 680,1439,4354,1001,1759, 413,3459,3395,2492,1431, 459, # 3920
+4355,1125,3329,2265,1953,1450,2065,2863, 849, 351,2678,3131,3254,3255,1104,1577, # 3936
+ 227,1351,1645,2453,2193,1421,2887, 812,2121, 634,  95,2435, 201,2312,4665,1646, # 3952
+1671,2743,1601,2554,2702,2648,2280,1315,1366,2089,3132,1573,3718,3965,1729,1189, # 3968
+ 328,2679,1077,1940,1136, 558,1283, 964,1195, 621,2074,1199,1743,3460,3619,1896, # 3984
+1916,1890,3836,2952,1154,2112,1064, 862, 378,3011,2066,2113,2803,1568,2839,6178, # 4000
+3088,2919,1941,1660,2004,1992,2194, 142, 707,1590,1708,1624,1922,1023,1836,1233, # 4016
+1004,2313, 789, 741,3620,6179,1609,2411,1200,4127,3719,3720,4666,2057,3721, 593, # 4032
+2840, 367,2920,1878,6180,3461,1521, 628,1168, 692,2211,2649, 300, 720,2067,2571, # 4048
+2953,3396, 959,2504,3966,3539,3462,1977, 701,6181, 954,1043, 800, 681, 183,3722, # 4064
+1803,1730,3540,4128,2103, 815,2314, 174, 467, 230,2454,1093,2134, 755,3541,3397, # 4080
+1141,1162,6182,1738,2039, 270,3256,2513,1005,1647,2185,3837, 858,1679,1897,1719, # 4096
+2954,2324,1806, 402, 670, 167,4129,1498,2158,2104, 750,6183, 915, 189,1680,1551, # 4112
+ 455,4356,1501,2455, 405,1095,2955, 338,1586,1266,1819, 570, 641,1324, 237,1556, # 4128
+2650,1388,3723,6184,1368,2384,1343,1978,3089,2436, 879,3724, 792,1191, 758,3012, # 4144
+1411,2135,1322,4357, 240,4667,1848,3725,1574,6185, 420,3045,1546,1391, 714,4358, # 4160
+1967, 941,1864, 863, 664, 426, 560,1731,2680,1785,2864,1949,2363, 403,3330,1415, # 4176
+1279,2136,1697,2335, 204, 721,2097,3838,  90,6186,2085,2505, 191,3967, 124,2148, # 4192
+1376,1798,1178,1107,1898,1405, 860,4359,1243,1272,2375,2983,1558,2456,1638, 113, # 4208
+3621, 578,1923,2609, 880, 386,4130, 784,2186,2266,1422,2956,2172,1722, 497, 263, # 4224
+2514,1267,2412,2610, 177,2703,3542, 774,1927,1344, 616,1432,1595,1018, 172,4360, # 4240
+2325, 911,4361, 438,1468,3622, 794,3968,2024,2173,1681,1829,2957, 945, 895,3090, # 4256
+ 575,2212,2476, 475,2401,2681, 785,2744,1745,2293,2555,1975,3133,2865, 394,4668, # 4272
+3839, 635,4131, 639, 202,1507,2195,2766,1345,1435,2572,3726,1908,1184,1181,2457, # 4288
+3727,3134,4362, 843,2611, 437, 916,4669, 234, 769,1884,3046,3047,3623, 833,6187, # 4304
+1639,2250,2402,1355,1185,2010,2047, 999, 525,1732,1290,1488,2612, 948,1578,3728, # 4320
+2413,2477,1216,2725,2159, 334,3840,1328,3624,2921,1525,4132, 564,1056, 891,4363, # 4336
+1444,1698,2385,2251,3729,1365,2281,2235,1717,6188, 864,3841,2515, 444, 527,2767, # 4352
+2922,3625, 544, 461,6189, 566, 209,2437,3398,2098,1065,2068,3331,3626,3257,2137, # 4368  #last 512
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabfreq.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c129699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2382 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# The frequency data itself is the same as euc-kr.
+# This is just a mapping table to euc-kr.
+
+JOHAB_TO_EUCKR_ORDER_TABLE = {
+    0x8861: 0,
+    0x8862: 1,
+    0x8865: 2,
+    0x8868: 3,
+    0x8869: 4,
+    0x886A: 5,
+    0x886B: 6,
+    0x8871: 7,
+    0x8873: 8,
+    0x8874: 9,
+    0x8875: 10,
+    0x8876: 11,
+    0x8877: 12,
+    0x8878: 13,
+    0x8879: 14,
+    0x887B: 15,
+    0x887C: 16,
+    0x887D: 17,
+    0x8881: 18,
+    0x8882: 19,
+    0x8885: 20,
+    0x8889: 21,
+    0x8891: 22,
+    0x8893: 23,
+    0x8895: 24,
+    0x8896: 25,
+    0x8897: 26,
+    0x88A1: 27,
+    0x88A2: 28,
+    0x88A5: 29,
+    0x88A9: 30,
+    0x88B5: 31,
+    0x88B7: 32,
+    0x88C1: 33,
+    0x88C5: 34,
+    0x88C9: 35,
+    0x88E1: 36,
+    0x88E2: 37,
+    0x88E5: 38,
+    0x88E8: 39,
+    0x88E9: 40,
+    0x88EB: 41,
+    0x88F1: 42,
+    0x88F3: 43,
+    0x88F5: 44,
+    0x88F6: 45,
+    0x88F7: 46,
+    0x88F8: 47,
+    0x88FB: 48,
+    0x88FC: 49,
+    0x88FD: 50,
+    0x8941: 51,
+    0x8945: 52,
+    0x8949: 53,
+    0x8951: 54,
+    0x8953: 55,
+    0x8955: 56,
+    0x8956: 57,
+    0x8957: 58,
+    0x8961: 59,
+    0x8962: 60,
+    0x8963: 61,
+    0x8965: 62,
+    0x8968: 63,
+    0x8969: 64,
+    0x8971: 65,
+    0x8973: 66,
+    0x8975: 67,
+    0x8976: 68,
+    0x8977: 69,
+    0x897B: 70,
+    0x8981: 71,
+    0x8985: 72,
+    0x8989: 73,
+    0x8993: 74,
+    0x8995: 75,
+    0x89A1: 76,
+    0x89A2: 77,
+    0x89A5: 78,
+    0x89A8: 79,
+    0x89A9: 80,
+    0x89AB: 81,
+    0x89AD: 82,
+    0x89B0: 83,
+    0x89B1: 84,
+    0x89B3: 85,
+    0x89B5: 86,
+    0x89B7: 87,
+    0x89B8: 88,
+    0x89C1: 89,
+    0x89C2: 90,
+    0x89C5: 91,
+    0x89C9: 92,
+    0x89CB: 93,
+    0x89D1: 94,
+    0x89D3: 95,
+    0x89D5: 96,
+    0x89D7: 97,
+    0x89E1: 98,
+    0x89E5: 99,
+    0x89E9: 100,
+    0x89F3: 101,
+    0x89F6: 102,
+    0x89F7: 103,
+    0x8A41: 104,
+    0x8A42: 105,
+    0x8A45: 106,
+    0x8A49: 107,
+    0x8A51: 108,
+    0x8A53: 109,
+    0x8A55: 110,
+    0x8A57: 111,
+    0x8A61: 112,
+    0x8A65: 113,
+    0x8A69: 114,
+    0x8A73: 115,
+    0x8A75: 116,
+    0x8A81: 117,
+    0x8A82: 118,
+    0x8A85: 119,
+    0x8A88: 120,
+    0x8A89: 121,
+    0x8A8A: 122,
+    0x8A8B: 123,
+    0x8A90: 124,
+    0x8A91: 125,
+    0x8A93: 126,
+    0x8A95: 127,
+    0x8A97: 128,
+    0x8A98: 129,
+    0x8AA1: 130,
+    0x8AA2: 131,
+    0x8AA5: 132,
+    0x8AA9: 133,
+    0x8AB6: 134,
+    0x8AB7: 135,
+    0x8AC1: 136,
+    0x8AD5: 137,
+    0x8AE1: 138,
+    0x8AE2: 139,
+    0x8AE5: 140,
+    0x8AE9: 141,
+    0x8AF1: 142,
+    0x8AF3: 143,
+    0x8AF5: 144,
+    0x8B41: 145,
+    0x8B45: 146,
+    0x8B49: 147,
+    0x8B61: 148,
+    0x8B62: 149,
+    0x8B65: 150,
+    0x8B68: 151,
+    0x8B69: 152,
+    0x8B6A: 153,
+    0x8B71: 154,
+    0x8B73: 155,
+    0x8B75: 156,
+    0x8B77: 157,
+    0x8B81: 158,
+    0x8BA1: 159,
+    0x8BA2: 160,
+    0x8BA5: 161,
+    0x8BA8: 162,
+    0x8BA9: 163,
+    0x8BAB: 164,
+    0x8BB1: 165,
+    0x8BB3: 166,
+    0x8BB5: 167,
+    0x8BB7: 168,
+    0x8BB8: 169,
+    0x8BBC: 170,
+    0x8C61: 171,
+    0x8C62: 172,
+    0x8C63: 173,
+    0x8C65: 174,
+    0x8C69: 175,
+    0x8C6B: 176,
+    0x8C71: 177,
+    0x8C73: 178,
+    0x8C75: 179,
+    0x8C76: 180,
+    0x8C77: 181,
+    0x8C7B: 182,
+    0x8C81: 183,
+    0x8C82: 184,
+    0x8C85: 185,
+    0x8C89: 186,
+    0x8C91: 187,
+    0x8C93: 188,
+    0x8C95: 189,
+    0x8C96: 190,
+    0x8C97: 191,
+    0x8CA1: 192,
+    0x8CA2: 193,
+    0x8CA9: 194,
+    0x8CE1: 195,
+    0x8CE2: 196,
+    0x8CE3: 197,
+    0x8CE5: 198,
+    0x8CE9: 199,
+    0x8CF1: 200,
+    0x8CF3: 201,
+    0x8CF5: 202,
+    0x8CF6: 203,
+    0x8CF7: 204,
+    0x8D41: 205,
+    0x8D42: 206,
+    0x8D45: 207,
+    0x8D51: 208,
+    0x8D55: 209,
+    0x8D57: 210,
+    0x8D61: 211,
+    0x8D65: 212,
+    0x8D69: 213,
+    0x8D75: 214,
+    0x8D76: 215,
+    0x8D7B: 216,
+    0x8D81: 217,
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+    0xC2C1: 1858,
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+    0xC2F1: 1863,
+    0xC2F3: 1864,
+    0xC2F5: 1865,
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+    0xC341: 1867,
+    0xC345: 1868,
+    0xC349: 1869,
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+    0xC357: 1871,
+    0xC361: 1872,
+    0xC362: 1873,
+    0xC365: 1874,
+    0xC369: 1875,
+    0xC371: 1876,
+    0xC373: 1877,
+    0xC375: 1878,
+    0xC377: 1879,
+    0xC3A1: 1880,
+    0xC3A2: 1881,
+    0xC3A5: 1882,
+    0xC3A8: 1883,
+    0xC3A9: 1884,
+    0xC3AA: 1885,
+    0xC3B1: 1886,
+    0xC3B3: 1887,
+    0xC3B5: 1888,
+    0xC3B7: 1889,
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+    0xC462: 1891,
+    0xC465: 1892,
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+    0xC471: 1894,
+    0xC473: 1895,
+    0xC475: 1896,
+    0xC477: 1897,
+    0xC481: 1898,
+    0xC482: 1899,
+    0xC485: 1900,
+    0xC489: 1901,
+    0xC491: 1902,
+    0xC493: 1903,
+    0xC495: 1904,
+    0xC496: 1905,
+    0xC497: 1906,
+    0xC4A1: 1907,
+    0xC4A2: 1908,
+    0xC4B7: 1909,
+    0xC4E1: 1910,
+    0xC4E2: 1911,
+    0xC4E5: 1912,
+    0xC4E8: 1913,
+    0xC4E9: 1914,
+    0xC4F1: 1915,
+    0xC4F3: 1916,
+    0xC4F5: 1917,
+    0xC4F6: 1918,
+    0xC4F7: 1919,
+    0xC541: 1920,
+    0xC542: 1921,
+    0xC545: 1922,
+    0xC549: 1923,
+    0xC551: 1924,
+    0xC553: 1925,
+    0xC555: 1926,
+    0xC557: 1927,
+    0xC561: 1928,
+    0xC565: 1929,
+    0xC569: 1930,
+    0xC571: 1931,
+    0xC573: 1932,
+    0xC575: 1933,
+    0xC576: 1934,
+    0xC577: 1935,
+    0xC581: 1936,
+    0xC5A1: 1937,
+    0xC5A2: 1938,
+    0xC5A5: 1939,
+    0xC5A9: 1940,
+    0xC5B1: 1941,
+    0xC5B3: 1942,
+    0xC5B5: 1943,
+    0xC5B7: 1944,
+    0xC5C1: 1945,
+    0xC5C2: 1946,
+    0xC5C5: 1947,
+    0xC5C9: 1948,
+    0xC5D1: 1949,
+    0xC5D7: 1950,
+    0xC5E1: 1951,
+    0xC5F7: 1952,
+    0xC641: 1953,
+    0xC649: 1954,
+    0xC661: 1955,
+    0xC681: 1956,
+    0xC682: 1957,
+    0xC685: 1958,
+    0xC689: 1959,
+    0xC691: 1960,
+    0xC693: 1961,
+    0xC695: 1962,
+    0xC697: 1963,
+    0xC6A1: 1964,
+    0xC6A5: 1965,
+    0xC6A9: 1966,
+    0xC6B7: 1967,
+    0xC6C1: 1968,
+    0xC6D7: 1969,
+    0xC6E1: 1970,
+    0xC6E2: 1971,
+    0xC6E5: 1972,
+    0xC6E9: 1973,
+    0xC6F1: 1974,
+    0xC6F3: 1975,
+    0xC6F5: 1976,
+    0xC6F7: 1977,
+    0xC741: 1978,
+    0xC745: 1979,
+    0xC749: 1980,
+    0xC751: 1981,
+    0xC761: 1982,
+    0xC762: 1983,
+    0xC765: 1984,
+    0xC769: 1985,
+    0xC771: 1986,
+    0xC773: 1987,
+    0xC777: 1988,
+    0xC7A1: 1989,
+    0xC7A2: 1990,
+    0xC7A5: 1991,
+    0xC7A9: 1992,
+    0xC7B1: 1993,
+    0xC7B3: 1994,
+    0xC7B5: 1995,
+    0xC7B7: 1996,
+    0xC861: 1997,
+    0xC862: 1998,
+    0xC865: 1999,
+    0xC869: 2000,
+    0xC86A: 2001,
+    0xC871: 2002,
+    0xC873: 2003,
+    0xC875: 2004,
+    0xC876: 2005,
+    0xC877: 2006,
+    0xC881: 2007,
+    0xC882: 2008,
+    0xC885: 2009,
+    0xC889: 2010,
+    0xC891: 2011,
+    0xC893: 2012,
+    0xC895: 2013,
+    0xC896: 2014,
+    0xC897: 2015,
+    0xC8A1: 2016,
+    0xC8B7: 2017,
+    0xC8E1: 2018,
+    0xC8E2: 2019,
+    0xC8E5: 2020,
+    0xC8E9: 2021,
+    0xC8EB: 2022,
+    0xC8F1: 2023,
+    0xC8F3: 2024,
+    0xC8F5: 2025,
+    0xC8F6: 2026,
+    0xC8F7: 2027,
+    0xC941: 2028,
+    0xC942: 2029,
+    0xC945: 2030,
+    0xC949: 2031,
+    0xC951: 2032,
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+    0xD1C5: 2270,
+    0xD1C9: 2271,
+    0xD1D5: 2272,
+    0xD1D7: 2273,
+    0xD1E1: 2274,
+    0xD1E2: 2275,
+    0xD1E5: 2276,
+    0xD1F5: 2277,
+    0xD1F7: 2278,
+    0xD241: 2279,
+    0xD242: 2280,
+    0xD245: 2281,
+    0xD249: 2282,
+    0xD253: 2283,
+    0xD255: 2284,
+    0xD257: 2285,
+    0xD261: 2286,
+    0xD265: 2287,
+    0xD269: 2288,
+    0xD273: 2289,
+    0xD275: 2290,
+    0xD281: 2291,
+    0xD282: 2292,
+    0xD285: 2293,
+    0xD289: 2294,
+    0xD28E: 2295,
+    0xD291: 2296,
+    0xD295: 2297,
+    0xD297: 2298,
+    0xD2A1: 2299,
+    0xD2A5: 2300,
+    0xD2A9: 2301,
+    0xD2B1: 2302,
+    0xD2B7: 2303,
+    0xD2C1: 2304,
+    0xD2C2: 2305,
+    0xD2C5: 2306,
+    0xD2C9: 2307,
+    0xD2D7: 2308,
+    0xD2E1: 2309,
+    0xD2E2: 2310,
+    0xD2E5: 2311,
+    0xD2E9: 2312,
+    0xD2F1: 2313,
+    0xD2F3: 2314,
+    0xD2F5: 2315,
+    0xD2F7: 2316,
+    0xD341: 2317,
+    0xD342: 2318,
+    0xD345: 2319,
+    0xD349: 2320,
+    0xD351: 2321,
+    0xD355: 2322,
+    0xD357: 2323,
+    0xD361: 2324,
+    0xD362: 2325,
+    0xD365: 2326,
+    0xD367: 2327,
+    0xD368: 2328,
+    0xD369: 2329,
+    0xD36A: 2330,
+    0xD371: 2331,
+    0xD373: 2332,
+    0xD375: 2333,
+    0xD377: 2334,
+    0xD37B: 2335,
+    0xD381: 2336,
+    0xD385: 2337,
+    0xD389: 2338,
+    0xD391: 2339,
+    0xD393: 2340,
+    0xD397: 2341,
+    0xD3A1: 2342,
+    0xD3A2: 2343,
+    0xD3A5: 2344,
+    0xD3A9: 2345,
+    0xD3B1: 2346,
+    0xD3B3: 2347,
+    0xD3B5: 2348,
+    0xD3B7: 2349,
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7364ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import JOHABDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import JOHAB_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class JOHABProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(JOHAB_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = JOHABDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "Johab"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Korean"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jpcntx.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jpcntx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f53bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jpcntx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+# This is hiragana 2-char sequence table, the number in each cell represents its frequency category
+# fmt: off
+jp2_char_context = (
+    (0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
+    (2, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 0, 3, 5, 4, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 2, 0, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 2, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 4, 5, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 3, 3, 1, 5, 3, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 1, 3, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 0, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 5, 2, 2, 1, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 4, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 4, 4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 0, 2, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 2, 2, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (1, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 0, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 5, 4),
+    (0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 0, 5, 4, 1, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 0, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 1, 3),
+    (0, 3, 1, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 1, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 0, 3, 5, 5, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 0, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 0, 3, 0, 1, 4, 5),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 2, 3),
+    (2, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 3, 4, 5, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 5),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 4, 4, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (1, 4, 1, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 0, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 1, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 0, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 5, 0, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 0, 4, 3, 0, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 5),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 4, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 5, 2, 1, 0, 5, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 2, 5, 3, 4, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 5),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 1, 4, 4),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 3, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 0, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1),
+    (0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 1, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 1, 5, 1, 4, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 5, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 4, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (1, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 4, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 4, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 4, 1, 4, 2, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0),
+    (0, 5, 1, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 5, 4, 4, 5, 1, 5, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3),
+    (0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 4, 0, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 0, 3, 5, 5, 4, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 0, 4, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 0, 5, 5),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 0, 5, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 0, 3, 5, 4, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 5, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 0, 2, 2, 0, 4, 4),
+    (2, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 3, 5),
+    (0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 5, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 1, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 0, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 3, 4, 5, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 5, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 5, 3),
+    (0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 0, 4, 2, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 5, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 1, 4, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 0, 1, 4, 2, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 2, 2, 0, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 4, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 4, 4, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 4, 2, 5, 1, 4, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 4, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 5, 5, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (2, 4, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 2, 3, 0, 5, 5, 4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 3, 0, 4, 3, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 5, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 5, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 1, 5, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 3, 4),
+    (1, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 4, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2),
+    (0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 1, 4, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 0, 0, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 1, 4, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 2, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 0, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 5),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 0, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 0, 5, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 5, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 3, 5, 5, 4, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 1, 1, 5, 1, 4, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 4, 4),
+    (1, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 4, 2, 0, 5, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 5, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 1, 4, 4, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 1, 0, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 1),
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+
+class JapaneseContextAnalysis:
+    NUM_OF_CATEGORY = 6
+    DONT_KNOW = -1
+    ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD = 100
+    MAX_REL_THRESHOLD = 1000
+    MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD = 4
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._total_rel = 0
+        self._rel_sample: List[int] = []
+        self._need_to_skip_char_num = 0
+        self._last_char_order = -1
+        self._done = False
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._total_rel = 0  # total sequence received
+        # category counters, each integer counts sequence in its category
+        self._rel_sample = [0] * self.NUM_OF_CATEGORY
+        # if last byte in current buffer is not the last byte of a character,
+        # we need to know how many bytes to skip in next buffer
+        self._need_to_skip_char_num = 0
+        self._last_char_order = -1  # The order of previous char
+        # If this flag is set to True, detection is done and conclusion has
+        # been made
+        self._done = False
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray], num_bytes: int) -> None:
+        if self._done:
+            return
+
+        # The buffer we got is byte oriented, and a character may span in more than one
+        # buffers. In case the last one or two byte in last buffer is not
+        # complete, we record how many byte needed to complete that character
+        # and skip these bytes here.  We can choose to record those bytes as
+        # well and analyse the character once it is complete, but since a
+        # character will not make much difference, by simply skipping
+        # this character will simply our logic and improve performance.
+        i = self._need_to_skip_char_num
+        while i < num_bytes:
+            order, char_len = self.get_order(byte_str[i : i + 2])
+            i += char_len
+            if i > num_bytes:
+                self._need_to_skip_char_num = i - num_bytes
+                self._last_char_order = -1
+            else:
+                if (order != -1) and (self._last_char_order != -1):
+                    self._total_rel += 1
+                    if self._total_rel > self.MAX_REL_THRESHOLD:
+                        self._done = True
+                        break
+                    self._rel_sample[
+                        jp2_char_context[self._last_char_order][order]
+                    ] += 1
+                self._last_char_order = order
+
+    def got_enough_data(self) -> bool:
+        return self._total_rel > self.ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        # This is just one way to calculate confidence. It works well for me.
+        if self._total_rel > self.MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD:
+            return (self._total_rel - self._rel_sample[0]) / self._total_rel
+        return self.DONT_KNOW
+
+    def get_order(self, _: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        return -1, 1
+
+
+class SJISContextAnalysis(JapaneseContextAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._charset_name = "SHIFT_JIS"
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return self._charset_name
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        if not byte_str:
+            return -1, 1
+        # find out current char's byte length
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if (0x81 <= first_char <= 0x9F) or (0xE0 <= first_char <= 0xFC):
+            char_len = 2
+            if (first_char == 0x87) or (0xFA <= first_char <= 0xFC):
+                self._charset_name = "CP932"
+        else:
+            char_len = 1
+
+        # return its order if it is hiragana
+        if len(byte_str) > 1:
+            second_char = byte_str[1]
+            if (first_char == 202) and (0x9F <= second_char <= 0xF1):
+                return second_char - 0x9F, char_len
+
+        return -1, char_len
+
+
+class EUCJPContextAnalysis(JapaneseContextAnalysis):
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        if not byte_str:
+            return -1, 1
+        # find out current char's byte length
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if (first_char == 0x8E) or (0xA1 <= first_char <= 0xFE):
+            char_len = 2
+        elif first_char == 0x8F:
+            char_len = 3
+        else:
+            char_len = 1
+
+        # return its order if it is hiragana
+        if len(byte_str) > 1:
+            second_char = byte_str[1]
+            if (first_char == 0xA4) and (0xA1 <= second_char <= 0xF3):
+                return second_char - 0xA1, char_len
+
+        return -1, char_len
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langbulgarianmodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langbulgarianmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9946682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langbulgarianmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4649 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+BULGARIAN_LANG_MODEL = {
+    63: {  # 'e'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    45: {  # '\xad'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'А'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 2,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 2,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'Б'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 2,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 2,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'В'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 2,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Г'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'Д'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'Е'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 2,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Ж'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'З'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'И'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 2,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 2,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 2,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Й'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'К'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'Л'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 2,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'М'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'Н'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'О'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 2,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 2,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'П'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 2,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'Р'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 2,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'С'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 3,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'Т'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'У'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'Ф'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'Х'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'Ц'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Ч'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'Щ'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Ъ'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'Ю'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 2,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Я'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'а'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'б'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'в'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'г'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'д'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'е'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'ж'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'з'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'и'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'й'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'к'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'л'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'м'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'н'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 2,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'о'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'п'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'р'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'с'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'т'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'у'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 2,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ф'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'х'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ц'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'ч'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'щ'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ъ'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'ь'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ю'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 2,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'я'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 2,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'є'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    62: {  # '№'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 77,  # 'A'
+    66: 90,  # 'B'
+    67: 99,  # 'C'
+    68: 100,  # 'D'
+    69: 72,  # 'E'
+    70: 109,  # 'F'
+    71: 107,  # 'G'
+    72: 101,  # 'H'
+    73: 79,  # 'I'
+    74: 185,  # 'J'
+    75: 81,  # 'K'
+    76: 102,  # 'L'
+    77: 76,  # 'M'
+    78: 94,  # 'N'
+    79: 82,  # 'O'
+    80: 110,  # 'P'
+    81: 186,  # 'Q'
+    82: 108,  # 'R'
+    83: 91,  # 'S'
+    84: 74,  # 'T'
+    85: 119,  # 'U'
+    86: 84,  # 'V'
+    87: 96,  # 'W'
+    88: 111,  # 'X'
+    89: 187,  # 'Y'
+    90: 115,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 65,  # 'a'
+    98: 69,  # 'b'
+    99: 70,  # 'c'
+    100: 66,  # 'd'
+    101: 63,  # 'e'
+    102: 68,  # 'f'
+    103: 112,  # 'g'
+    104: 103,  # 'h'
+    105: 92,  # 'i'
+    106: 194,  # 'j'
+    107: 104,  # 'k'
+    108: 95,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 87,  # 'n'
+    111: 71,  # 'o'
+    112: 116,  # 'p'
+    113: 195,  # 'q'
+    114: 85,  # 'r'
+    115: 93,  # 's'
+    116: 97,  # 't'
+    117: 113,  # 'u'
+    118: 196,  # 'v'
+    119: 197,  # 'w'
+    120: 198,  # 'x'
+    121: 199,  # 'y'
+    122: 200,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 194,  # '\x80'
+    129: 195,  # '\x81'
+    130: 196,  # '\x82'
+    131: 197,  # '\x83'
+    132: 198,  # '\x84'
+    133: 199,  # '\x85'
+    134: 200,  # '\x86'
+    135: 201,  # '\x87'
+    136: 202,  # '\x88'
+    137: 203,  # '\x89'
+    138: 204,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 205,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 206,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 207,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 208,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 209,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 210,  # '\x90'
+    145: 211,  # '\x91'
+    146: 212,  # '\x92'
+    147: 213,  # '\x93'
+    148: 214,  # '\x94'
+    149: 215,  # '\x95'
+    150: 216,  # '\x96'
+    151: 217,  # '\x97'
+    152: 218,  # '\x98'
+    153: 219,  # '\x99'
+    154: 220,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 221,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 222,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 223,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 224,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 225,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 81,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 226,  # 'Ё'
+    162: 227,  # 'Ђ'
+    163: 228,  # 'Ѓ'
+    164: 229,  # 'Є'
+    165: 230,  # 'Ѕ'
+    166: 105,  # 'І'
+    167: 231,  # 'Ї'
+    168: 232,  # 'Ј'
+    169: 233,  # 'Љ'
+    170: 234,  # 'Њ'
+    171: 235,  # 'Ћ'
+    172: 236,  # 'Ќ'
+    173: 45,  # '\xad'
+    174: 237,  # 'Ў'
+    175: 238,  # 'Џ'
+    176: 31,  # 'А'
+    177: 32,  # 'Б'
+    178: 35,  # 'В'
+    179: 43,  # 'Г'
+    180: 37,  # 'Д'
+    181: 44,  # 'Е'
+    182: 55,  # 'Ж'
+    183: 47,  # 'З'
+    184: 40,  # 'И'
+    185: 59,  # 'Й'
+    186: 33,  # 'К'
+    187: 46,  # 'Л'
+    188: 38,  # 'М'
+    189: 36,  # 'Н'
+    190: 41,  # 'О'
+    191: 30,  # 'П'
+    192: 39,  # 'Р'
+    193: 28,  # 'С'
+    194: 34,  # 'Т'
+    195: 51,  # 'У'
+    196: 48,  # 'Ф'
+    197: 49,  # 'Х'
+    198: 53,  # 'Ц'
+    199: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    200: 54,  # 'Ш'
+    201: 57,  # 'Щ'
+    202: 61,  # 'Ъ'
+    203: 239,  # 'Ы'
+    204: 67,  # 'Ь'
+    205: 240,  # 'Э'
+    206: 60,  # 'Ю'
+    207: 56,  # 'Я'
+    208: 1,  # 'а'
+    209: 18,  # 'б'
+    210: 9,  # 'в'
+    211: 20,  # 'г'
+    212: 11,  # 'д'
+    213: 3,  # 'е'
+    214: 23,  # 'ж'
+    215: 15,  # 'з'
+    216: 2,  # 'и'
+    217: 26,  # 'й'
+    218: 12,  # 'к'
+    219: 10,  # 'л'
+    220: 14,  # 'м'
+    221: 6,  # 'н'
+    222: 4,  # 'о'
+    223: 13,  # 'п'
+    224: 7,  # 'р'
+    225: 8,  # 'с'
+    226: 5,  # 'т'
+    227: 19,  # 'у'
+    228: 29,  # 'ф'
+    229: 25,  # 'х'
+    230: 22,  # 'ц'
+    231: 21,  # 'ч'
+    232: 27,  # 'ш'
+    233: 24,  # 'щ'
+    234: 17,  # 'ъ'
+    235: 75,  # 'ы'
+    236: 52,  # 'ь'
+    237: 241,  # 'э'
+    238: 42,  # 'ю'
+    239: 16,  # 'я'
+    240: 62,  # '№'
+    241: 242,  # 'ё'
+    242: 243,  # 'ђ'
+    243: 244,  # 'ѓ'
+    244: 58,  # 'є'
+    245: 245,  # 'ѕ'
+    246: 98,  # 'і'
+    247: 246,  # 'ї'
+    248: 247,  # 'ј'
+    249: 248,  # 'љ'
+    250: 249,  # 'њ'
+    251: 250,  # 'ћ'
+    252: 251,  # 'ќ'
+    253: 91,  # '§'
+    254: 252,  # 'ў'
+    255: 253,  # 'џ'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-5",
+    language="Bulgarian",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=BULGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.969392,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюя",
+)
+
+WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 77,  # 'A'
+    66: 90,  # 'B'
+    67: 99,  # 'C'
+    68: 100,  # 'D'
+    69: 72,  # 'E'
+    70: 109,  # 'F'
+    71: 107,  # 'G'
+    72: 101,  # 'H'
+    73: 79,  # 'I'
+    74: 185,  # 'J'
+    75: 81,  # 'K'
+    76: 102,  # 'L'
+    77: 76,  # 'M'
+    78: 94,  # 'N'
+    79: 82,  # 'O'
+    80: 110,  # 'P'
+    81: 186,  # 'Q'
+    82: 108,  # 'R'
+    83: 91,  # 'S'
+    84: 74,  # 'T'
+    85: 119,  # 'U'
+    86: 84,  # 'V'
+    87: 96,  # 'W'
+    88: 111,  # 'X'
+    89: 187,  # 'Y'
+    90: 115,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 65,  # 'a'
+    98: 69,  # 'b'
+    99: 70,  # 'c'
+    100: 66,  # 'd'
+    101: 63,  # 'e'
+    102: 68,  # 'f'
+    103: 112,  # 'g'
+    104: 103,  # 'h'
+    105: 92,  # 'i'
+    106: 194,  # 'j'
+    107: 104,  # 'k'
+    108: 95,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 87,  # 'n'
+    111: 71,  # 'o'
+    112: 116,  # 'p'
+    113: 195,  # 'q'
+    114: 85,  # 'r'
+    115: 93,  # 's'
+    116: 97,  # 't'
+    117: 113,  # 'u'
+    118: 196,  # 'v'
+    119: 197,  # 'w'
+    120: 198,  # 'x'
+    121: 199,  # 'y'
+    122: 200,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 206,  # 'Ђ'
+    129: 207,  # 'Ѓ'
+    130: 208,  # '‚'
+    131: 209,  # 'ѓ'
+    132: 210,  # '„'
+    133: 211,  # '…'
+    134: 212,  # '†'
+    135: 213,  # '‡'
+    136: 120,  # '€'
+    137: 214,  # '‰'
+    138: 215,  # 'Љ'
+    139: 216,  # '‹'
+    140: 217,  # 'Њ'
+    141: 218,  # 'Ќ'
+    142: 219,  # 'Ћ'
+    143: 220,  # 'Џ'
+    144: 221,  # 'ђ'
+    145: 78,  # '‘'
+    146: 64,  # '’'
+    147: 83,  # '“'
+    148: 121,  # '”'
+    149: 98,  # '•'
+    150: 117,  # '–'
+    151: 105,  # '—'
+    152: 222,  # None
+    153: 223,  # '™'
+    154: 224,  # 'љ'
+    155: 225,  # '›'
+    156: 226,  # 'њ'
+    157: 227,  # 'ќ'
+    158: 228,  # 'ћ'
+    159: 229,  # 'џ'
+    160: 88,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 230,  # 'Ў'
+    162: 231,  # 'ў'
+    163: 232,  # 'Ј'
+    164: 233,  # '¤'
+    165: 122,  # 'Ґ'
+    166: 89,  # '¦'
+    167: 106,  # '§'
+    168: 234,  # 'Ё'
+    169: 235,  # '©'
+    170: 236,  # 'Є'
+    171: 237,  # '«'
+    172: 238,  # '¬'
+    173: 45,  # '\xad'
+    174: 239,  # '®'
+    175: 240,  # 'Ї'
+    176: 73,  # '°'
+    177: 80,  # '±'
+    178: 118,  # 'І'
+    179: 114,  # 'і'
+    180: 241,  # 'ґ'
+    181: 242,  # 'µ'
+    182: 243,  # '¶'
+    183: 244,  # '·'
+    184: 245,  # 'ё'
+    185: 62,  # '№'
+    186: 58,  # 'є'
+    187: 246,  # '»'
+    188: 247,  # 'ј'
+    189: 248,  # 'Ѕ'
+    190: 249,  # 'ѕ'
+    191: 250,  # 'ї'
+    192: 31,  # 'А'
+    193: 32,  # 'Б'
+    194: 35,  # 'В'
+    195: 43,  # 'Г'
+    196: 37,  # 'Д'
+    197: 44,  # 'Е'
+    198: 55,  # 'Ж'
+    199: 47,  # 'З'
+    200: 40,  # 'И'
+    201: 59,  # 'Й'
+    202: 33,  # 'К'
+    203: 46,  # 'Л'
+    204: 38,  # 'М'
+    205: 36,  # 'Н'
+    206: 41,  # 'О'
+    207: 30,  # 'П'
+    208: 39,  # 'Р'
+    209: 28,  # 'С'
+    210: 34,  # 'Т'
+    211: 51,  # 'У'
+    212: 48,  # 'Ф'
+    213: 49,  # 'Х'
+    214: 53,  # 'Ц'
+    215: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    216: 54,  # 'Ш'
+    217: 57,  # 'Щ'
+    218: 61,  # 'Ъ'
+    219: 251,  # 'Ы'
+    220: 67,  # 'Ь'
+    221: 252,  # 'Э'
+    222: 60,  # 'Ю'
+    223: 56,  # 'Я'
+    224: 1,  # 'а'
+    225: 18,  # 'б'
+    226: 9,  # 'в'
+    227: 20,  # 'г'
+    228: 11,  # 'д'
+    229: 3,  # 'е'
+    230: 23,  # 'ж'
+    231: 15,  # 'з'
+    232: 2,  # 'и'
+    233: 26,  # 'й'
+    234: 12,  # 'к'
+    235: 10,  # 'л'
+    236: 14,  # 'м'
+    237: 6,  # 'н'
+    238: 4,  # 'о'
+    239: 13,  # 'п'
+    240: 7,  # 'р'
+    241: 8,  # 'с'
+    242: 5,  # 'т'
+    243: 19,  # 'у'
+    244: 29,  # 'ф'
+    245: 25,  # 'х'
+    246: 22,  # 'ц'
+    247: 21,  # 'ч'
+    248: 27,  # 'ш'
+    249: 24,  # 'щ'
+    250: 17,  # 'ъ'
+    251: 75,  # 'ы'
+    252: 52,  # 'ь'
+    253: 253,  # 'э'
+    254: 42,  # 'ю'
+    255: 16,  # 'я'
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1251",
+    language="Bulgarian",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=BULGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.969392,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюя",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langgreekmodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langgreekmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfb8639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langgreekmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4397 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+GREEK_LANG_MODEL = {
+    60: {  # 'e'
+        60: 2,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 2,  # 't'
+        36: 1,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'o'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 2,  # 'o'
+        58: 2,  # 't'
+        36: 1,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 1,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    58: {  # 't'
+        60: 2,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 1,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    36: {  # '·'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Ά'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 1,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 1,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'Έ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 1,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'Ό'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'Α'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 2,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 2,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 1,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'Β'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 1,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Γ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 1,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 1,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 1,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'Δ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 1,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'Ε'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 2,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 2,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 1,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 1,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 1,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'Η'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'Θ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'Ι'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 1,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 2,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 2,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 1,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 1,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'Κ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 1,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'Λ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'Μ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 2,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'Ν'
+        60: 2,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 1,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 1,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Ξ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 1,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'Ο'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 1,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 2,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 2,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 2,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'Π'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 1,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 1,  # 'έ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'Ρ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'Σ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 2,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'Τ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'Υ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Φ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 1,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 1,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Χ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 1,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 1,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 1,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'Ω'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ά'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 3,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 3,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'έ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 3,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ή'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 1,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'ί'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 3,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'α'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 3,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 1,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'β'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'γ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'δ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'ε'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'ζ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 1,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'η'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'θ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 1,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'ι'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'κ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'λ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 1,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 1,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'μ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'ν'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 1,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ξ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'ο'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 1,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'π'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'ρ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 1,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'ς'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'σ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'τ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 2,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'υ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'φ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'χ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ψ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 1,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ω'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 1,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ό'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 1,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 1,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'ύ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 1,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ώ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 1,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 1,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 1,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 82,  # 'A'
+    66: 100,  # 'B'
+    67: 104,  # 'C'
+    68: 94,  # 'D'
+    69: 98,  # 'E'
+    70: 101,  # 'F'
+    71: 116,  # 'G'
+    72: 102,  # 'H'
+    73: 111,  # 'I'
+    74: 187,  # 'J'
+    75: 117,  # 'K'
+    76: 92,  # 'L'
+    77: 88,  # 'M'
+    78: 113,  # 'N'
+    79: 85,  # 'O'
+    80: 79,  # 'P'
+    81: 118,  # 'Q'
+    82: 105,  # 'R'
+    83: 83,  # 'S'
+    84: 67,  # 'T'
+    85: 114,  # 'U'
+    86: 119,  # 'V'
+    87: 95,  # 'W'
+    88: 99,  # 'X'
+    89: 109,  # 'Y'
+    90: 188,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 72,  # 'a'
+    98: 70,  # 'b'
+    99: 80,  # 'c'
+    100: 81,  # 'd'
+    101: 60,  # 'e'
+    102: 96,  # 'f'
+    103: 93,  # 'g'
+    104: 89,  # 'h'
+    105: 68,  # 'i'
+    106: 120,  # 'j'
+    107: 97,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 69,  # 'n'
+    111: 55,  # 'o'
+    112: 78,  # 'p'
+    113: 115,  # 'q'
+    114: 65,  # 'r'
+    115: 66,  # 's'
+    116: 58,  # 't'
+    117: 76,  # 'u'
+    118: 106,  # 'v'
+    119: 103,  # 'w'
+    120: 87,  # 'x'
+    121: 107,  # 'y'
+    122: 112,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 255,  # '€'
+    129: 255,  # None
+    130: 255,  # '‚'
+    131: 255,  # 'ƒ'
+    132: 255,  # '„'
+    133: 255,  # '…'
+    134: 255,  # '†'
+    135: 255,  # '‡'
+    136: 255,  # None
+    137: 255,  # '‰'
+    138: 255,  # None
+    139: 255,  # '‹'
+    140: 255,  # None
+    141: 255,  # None
+    142: 255,  # None
+    143: 255,  # None
+    144: 255,  # None
+    145: 255,  # '‘'
+    146: 255,  # '’'
+    147: 255,  # '“'
+    148: 255,  # '”'
+    149: 255,  # '•'
+    150: 255,  # '–'
+    151: 255,  # '—'
+    152: 255,  # None
+    153: 255,  # '™'
+    154: 255,  # None
+    155: 255,  # '›'
+    156: 255,  # None
+    157: 255,  # None
+    158: 255,  # None
+    159: 255,  # None
+    160: 253,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 233,  # '΅'
+    162: 61,  # 'Ά'
+    163: 253,  # '£'
+    164: 253,  # '¤'
+    165: 253,  # '¥'
+    166: 253,  # '¦'
+    167: 253,  # '§'
+    168: 253,  # '¨'
+    169: 253,  # '©'
+    170: 253,  # None
+    171: 253,  # '«'
+    172: 253,  # '¬'
+    173: 74,  # '\xad'
+    174: 253,  # '®'
+    175: 253,  # '―'
+    176: 253,  # '°'
+    177: 253,  # '±'
+    178: 253,  # '²'
+    179: 253,  # '³'
+    180: 247,  # '΄'
+    181: 253,  # 'µ'
+    182: 253,  # '¶'
+    183: 36,  # '·'
+    184: 46,  # 'Έ'
+    185: 71,  # 'Ή'
+    186: 73,  # 'Ί'
+    187: 253,  # '»'
+    188: 54,  # 'Ό'
+    189: 253,  # '½'
+    190: 108,  # 'Ύ'
+    191: 123,  # 'Ώ'
+    192: 110,  # 'ΐ'
+    193: 31,  # 'Α'
+    194: 51,  # 'Β'
+    195: 43,  # 'Γ'
+    196: 41,  # 'Δ'
+    197: 34,  # 'Ε'
+    198: 91,  # 'Ζ'
+    199: 40,  # 'Η'
+    200: 52,  # 'Θ'
+    201: 47,  # 'Ι'
+    202: 44,  # 'Κ'
+    203: 53,  # 'Λ'
+    204: 38,  # 'Μ'
+    205: 49,  # 'Ν'
+    206: 59,  # 'Ξ'
+    207: 39,  # 'Ο'
+    208: 35,  # 'Π'
+    209: 48,  # 'Ρ'
+    210: 250,  # None
+    211: 37,  # 'Σ'
+    212: 33,  # 'Τ'
+    213: 45,  # 'Υ'
+    214: 56,  # 'Φ'
+    215: 50,  # 'Χ'
+    216: 84,  # 'Ψ'
+    217: 57,  # 'Ω'
+    218: 120,  # 'Ϊ'
+    219: 121,  # 'Ϋ'
+    220: 17,  # 'ά'
+    221: 18,  # 'έ'
+    222: 22,  # 'ή'
+    223: 15,  # 'ί'
+    224: 124,  # 'ΰ'
+    225: 1,  # 'α'
+    226: 29,  # 'β'
+    227: 20,  # 'γ'
+    228: 21,  # 'δ'
+    229: 3,  # 'ε'
+    230: 32,  # 'ζ'
+    231: 13,  # 'η'
+    232: 25,  # 'θ'
+    233: 5,  # 'ι'
+    234: 11,  # 'κ'
+    235: 16,  # 'λ'
+    236: 10,  # 'μ'
+    237: 6,  # 'ν'
+    238: 30,  # 'ξ'
+    239: 4,  # 'ο'
+    240: 9,  # 'π'
+    241: 8,  # 'ρ'
+    242: 14,  # 'ς'
+    243: 7,  # 'σ'
+    244: 2,  # 'τ'
+    245: 12,  # 'υ'
+    246: 28,  # 'φ'
+    247: 23,  # 'χ'
+    248: 42,  # 'ψ'
+    249: 24,  # 'ω'
+    250: 64,  # 'ϊ'
+    251: 75,  # 'ϋ'
+    252: 19,  # 'ό'
+    253: 26,  # 'ύ'
+    254: 27,  # 'ώ'
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1253",
+    language="Greek",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=GREEK_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.982851,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩάέήίαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωόύώ",
+)
+
+ISO_8859_7_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 82,  # 'A'
+    66: 100,  # 'B'
+    67: 104,  # 'C'
+    68: 94,  # 'D'
+    69: 98,  # 'E'
+    70: 101,  # 'F'
+    71: 116,  # 'G'
+    72: 102,  # 'H'
+    73: 111,  # 'I'
+    74: 187,  # 'J'
+    75: 117,  # 'K'
+    76: 92,  # 'L'
+    77: 88,  # 'M'
+    78: 113,  # 'N'
+    79: 85,  # 'O'
+    80: 79,  # 'P'
+    81: 118,  # 'Q'
+    82: 105,  # 'R'
+    83: 83,  # 'S'
+    84: 67,  # 'T'
+    85: 114,  # 'U'
+    86: 119,  # 'V'
+    87: 95,  # 'W'
+    88: 99,  # 'X'
+    89: 109,  # 'Y'
+    90: 188,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 72,  # 'a'
+    98: 70,  # 'b'
+    99: 80,  # 'c'
+    100: 81,  # 'd'
+    101: 60,  # 'e'
+    102: 96,  # 'f'
+    103: 93,  # 'g'
+    104: 89,  # 'h'
+    105: 68,  # 'i'
+    106: 120,  # 'j'
+    107: 97,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 69,  # 'n'
+    111: 55,  # 'o'
+    112: 78,  # 'p'
+    113: 115,  # 'q'
+    114: 65,  # 'r'
+    115: 66,  # 's'
+    116: 58,  # 't'
+    117: 76,  # 'u'
+    118: 106,  # 'v'
+    119: 103,  # 'w'
+    120: 87,  # 'x'
+    121: 107,  # 'y'
+    122: 112,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 255,  # '\x80'
+    129: 255,  # '\x81'
+    130: 255,  # '\x82'
+    131: 255,  # '\x83'
+    132: 255,  # '\x84'
+    133: 255,  # '\x85'
+    134: 255,  # '\x86'
+    135: 255,  # '\x87'
+    136: 255,  # '\x88'
+    137: 255,  # '\x89'
+    138: 255,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 255,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 255,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 255,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 255,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 255,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 255,  # '\x90'
+    145: 255,  # '\x91'
+    146: 255,  # '\x92'
+    147: 255,  # '\x93'
+    148: 255,  # '\x94'
+    149: 255,  # '\x95'
+    150: 255,  # '\x96'
+    151: 255,  # '\x97'
+    152: 255,  # '\x98'
+    153: 255,  # '\x99'
+    154: 255,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 255,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 255,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 255,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 255,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 255,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 253,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 233,  # '‘'
+    162: 90,  # '’'
+    163: 253,  # '£'
+    164: 253,  # '€'
+    165: 253,  # '₯'
+    166: 253,  # '¦'
+    167: 253,  # '§'
+    168: 253,  # '¨'
+    169: 253,  # '©'
+    170: 253,  # 'ͺ'
+    171: 253,  # '«'
+    172: 253,  # '¬'
+    173: 74,  # '\xad'
+    174: 253,  # None
+    175: 253,  # '―'
+    176: 253,  # '°'
+    177: 253,  # '±'
+    178: 253,  # '²'
+    179: 253,  # '³'
+    180: 247,  # '΄'
+    181: 248,  # '΅'
+    182: 61,  # 'Ά'
+    183: 36,  # '·'
+    184: 46,  # 'Έ'
+    185: 71,  # 'Ή'
+    186: 73,  # 'Ί'
+    187: 253,  # '»'
+    188: 54,  # 'Ό'
+    189: 253,  # '½'
+    190: 108,  # 'Ύ'
+    191: 123,  # 'Ώ'
+    192: 110,  # 'ΐ'
+    193: 31,  # 'Α'
+    194: 51,  # 'Β'
+    195: 43,  # 'Γ'
+    196: 41,  # 'Δ'
+    197: 34,  # 'Ε'
+    198: 91,  # 'Ζ'
+    199: 40,  # 'Η'
+    200: 52,  # 'Θ'
+    201: 47,  # 'Ι'
+    202: 44,  # 'Κ'
+    203: 53,  # 'Λ'
+    204: 38,  # 'Μ'
+    205: 49,  # 'Ν'
+    206: 59,  # 'Ξ'
+    207: 39,  # 'Ο'
+    208: 35,  # 'Π'
+    209: 48,  # 'Ρ'
+    210: 250,  # None
+    211: 37,  # 'Σ'
+    212: 33,  # 'Τ'
+    213: 45,  # 'Υ'
+    214: 56,  # 'Φ'
+    215: 50,  # 'Χ'
+    216: 84,  # 'Ψ'
+    217: 57,  # 'Ω'
+    218: 120,  # 'Ϊ'
+    219: 121,  # 'Ϋ'
+    220: 17,  # 'ά'
+    221: 18,  # 'έ'
+    222: 22,  # 'ή'
+    223: 15,  # 'ί'
+    224: 124,  # 'ΰ'
+    225: 1,  # 'α'
+    226: 29,  # 'β'
+    227: 20,  # 'γ'
+    228: 21,  # 'δ'
+    229: 3,  # 'ε'
+    230: 32,  # 'ζ'
+    231: 13,  # 'η'
+    232: 25,  # 'θ'
+    233: 5,  # 'ι'
+    234: 11,  # 'κ'
+    235: 16,  # 'λ'
+    236: 10,  # 'μ'
+    237: 6,  # 'ν'
+    238: 30,  # 'ξ'
+    239: 4,  # 'ο'
+    240: 9,  # 'π'
+    241: 8,  # 'ρ'
+    242: 14,  # 'ς'
+    243: 7,  # 'σ'
+    244: 2,  # 'τ'
+    245: 12,  # 'υ'
+    246: 28,  # 'φ'
+    247: 23,  # 'χ'
+    248: 42,  # 'ψ'
+    249: 24,  # 'ω'
+    250: 64,  # 'ϊ'
+    251: 75,  # 'ϋ'
+    252: 19,  # 'ό'
+    253: 26,  # 'ύ'
+    254: 27,  # 'ώ'
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+ISO_8859_7_GREEK_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-7",
+    language="Greek",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_7_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=GREEK_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.982851,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩάέήίαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωόύώ",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhebrewmodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhebrewmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56d2975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhebrewmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4380 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+HEBREW_LANG_MODEL = {
+    50: {  # 'a'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 2,  # 'l'
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+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
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+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
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+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
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+        55: 0,  # '´'
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+        39: 0,  # '½'
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+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
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+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
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+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
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+        50: 1,  # 'a'
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+        39: 0,  # '½'
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+        46: 1,  # '”'
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+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
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+        46: 1,  # '”'
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+        40: 1,  # '…'
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+        46: 0,  # '”'
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+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
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+        46: 1,  # '”'
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+        40: 1,  # '…'
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+        40: 1,  # '…'
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+        46: 1,  # '”'
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+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
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+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 2,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    44: {  # 't'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 2,  # 'e'
+        53: 2,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 2,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'u'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 2,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    34: {  # '\xa0'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 2,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 2,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    55: {  # '´'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 2,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    48: {  # '¼'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    39: {  # '½'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    57: {  # '¾'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ְ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 2,  # 'ה'
+        2: 2,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 2,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 1,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'ֱ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
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+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
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+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
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+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
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+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'ֲ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
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+        1: 1,  # 'י'
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+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
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+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
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+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
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+        1: 3,  # 'י'
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+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
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+        1: 3,  # 'י'
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+        9: 2,  # 'א'
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+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
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+        1: 2,  # 'י'
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+        40: 0,  # '…'
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+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'ׂ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 2,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 1,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'א'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 2,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'ב'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 3,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'ג'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 2,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'ד'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'ה'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 1,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 3,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'ו'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 3,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ז'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 1,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'ח'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 1,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ט'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
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+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 1,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'י'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
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+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ך'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 1,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
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+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
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+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
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+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'כ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 3,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'ל'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        61: 0,  # 'd'
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+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 3,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
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+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'ם'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
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+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
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+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
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+        11: 1,  # 'ם'
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+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'מ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
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+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
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+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
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+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'ן'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
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+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
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+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
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+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'נ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
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+        54: 0,  # 'n'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
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+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
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+        9: 3,  # 'א'
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+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
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+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
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+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
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+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
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+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
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+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
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+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ס'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
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+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
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+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
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+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
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+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'ע'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 1,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'ף'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'פ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ץ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'צ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ק'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'ר'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 2,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 1,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'ש'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 3,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'ת'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 1,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    32: {  # '–'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    52: {  # '’'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 2,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    47: {  # '“'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    46: {  # '”'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    58: {  # '†'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 2,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    40: {  # '…'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 69,  # 'A'
+    66: 91,  # 'B'
+    67: 79,  # 'C'
+    68: 80,  # 'D'
+    69: 92,  # 'E'
+    70: 89,  # 'F'
+    71: 97,  # 'G'
+    72: 90,  # 'H'
+    73: 68,  # 'I'
+    74: 111,  # 'J'
+    75: 112,  # 'K'
+    76: 82,  # 'L'
+    77: 73,  # 'M'
+    78: 95,  # 'N'
+    79: 85,  # 'O'
+    80: 78,  # 'P'
+    81: 121,  # 'Q'
+    82: 86,  # 'R'
+    83: 71,  # 'S'
+    84: 67,  # 'T'
+    85: 102,  # 'U'
+    86: 107,  # 'V'
+    87: 84,  # 'W'
+    88: 114,  # 'X'
+    89: 103,  # 'Y'
+    90: 115,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 50,  # 'a'
+    98: 74,  # 'b'
+    99: 60,  # 'c'
+    100: 61,  # 'd'
+    101: 42,  # 'e'
+    102: 76,  # 'f'
+    103: 70,  # 'g'
+    104: 64,  # 'h'
+    105: 53,  # 'i'
+    106: 105,  # 'j'
+    107: 93,  # 'k'
+    108: 56,  # 'l'
+    109: 65,  # 'm'
+    110: 54,  # 'n'
+    111: 49,  # 'o'
+    112: 66,  # 'p'
+    113: 110,  # 'q'
+    114: 51,  # 'r'
+    115: 43,  # 's'
+    116: 44,  # 't'
+    117: 63,  # 'u'
+    118: 81,  # 'v'
+    119: 77,  # 'w'
+    120: 98,  # 'x'
+    121: 75,  # 'y'
+    122: 108,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 124,  # '€'
+    129: 202,  # None
+    130: 203,  # '‚'
+    131: 204,  # 'ƒ'
+    132: 205,  # '„'
+    133: 40,  # '…'
+    134: 58,  # '†'
+    135: 206,  # '‡'
+    136: 207,  # 'ˆ'
+    137: 208,  # '‰'
+    138: 209,  # None
+    139: 210,  # '‹'
+    140: 211,  # None
+    141: 212,  # None
+    142: 213,  # None
+    143: 214,  # None
+    144: 215,  # None
+    145: 83,  # '‘'
+    146: 52,  # '’'
+    147: 47,  # '“'
+    148: 46,  # '”'
+    149: 72,  # '•'
+    150: 32,  # '–'
+    151: 94,  # '—'
+    152: 216,  # '˜'
+    153: 113,  # '™'
+    154: 217,  # None
+    155: 109,  # '›'
+    156: 218,  # None
+    157: 219,  # None
+    158: 220,  # None
+    159: 221,  # None
+    160: 34,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 116,  # '¡'
+    162: 222,  # '¢'
+    163: 118,  # '£'
+    164: 100,  # '₪'
+    165: 223,  # '¥'
+    166: 224,  # '¦'
+    167: 117,  # '§'
+    168: 119,  # '¨'
+    169: 104,  # '©'
+    170: 125,  # '×'
+    171: 225,  # '«'
+    172: 226,  # '¬'
+    173: 87,  # '\xad'
+    174: 99,  # '®'
+    175: 227,  # '¯'
+    176: 106,  # '°'
+    177: 122,  # '±'
+    178: 123,  # '²'
+    179: 228,  # '³'
+    180: 55,  # '´'
+    181: 229,  # 'µ'
+    182: 230,  # '¶'
+    183: 101,  # '·'
+    184: 231,  # '¸'
+    185: 232,  # '¹'
+    186: 120,  # '÷'
+    187: 233,  # '»'
+    188: 48,  # '¼'
+    189: 39,  # '½'
+    190: 57,  # '¾'
+    191: 234,  # '¿'
+    192: 30,  # 'ְ'
+    193: 59,  # 'ֱ'
+    194: 41,  # 'ֲ'
+    195: 88,  # 'ֳ'
+    196: 33,  # 'ִ'
+    197: 37,  # 'ֵ'
+    198: 36,  # 'ֶ'
+    199: 31,  # 'ַ'
+    200: 29,  # 'ָ'
+    201: 35,  # 'ֹ'
+    202: 235,  # None
+    203: 62,  # 'ֻ'
+    204: 28,  # 'ּ'
+    205: 236,  # 'ֽ'
+    206: 126,  # '־'
+    207: 237,  # 'ֿ'
+    208: 238,  # '׀'
+    209: 38,  # 'ׁ'
+    210: 45,  # 'ׂ'
+    211: 239,  # '׃'
+    212: 240,  # 'װ'
+    213: 241,  # 'ױ'
+    214: 242,  # 'ײ'
+    215: 243,  # '׳'
+    216: 127,  # '״'
+    217: 244,  # None
+    218: 245,  # None
+    219: 246,  # None
+    220: 247,  # None
+    221: 248,  # None
+    222: 249,  # None
+    223: 250,  # None
+    224: 9,  # 'א'
+    225: 8,  # 'ב'
+    226: 20,  # 'ג'
+    227: 16,  # 'ד'
+    228: 3,  # 'ה'
+    229: 2,  # 'ו'
+    230: 24,  # 'ז'
+    231: 14,  # 'ח'
+    232: 22,  # 'ט'
+    233: 1,  # 'י'
+    234: 25,  # 'ך'
+    235: 15,  # 'כ'
+    236: 4,  # 'ל'
+    237: 11,  # 'ם'
+    238: 6,  # 'מ'
+    239: 23,  # 'ן'
+    240: 12,  # 'נ'
+    241: 19,  # 'ס'
+    242: 13,  # 'ע'
+    243: 26,  # 'ף'
+    244: 18,  # 'פ'
+    245: 27,  # 'ץ'
+    246: 21,  # 'צ'
+    247: 17,  # 'ק'
+    248: 7,  # 'ר'
+    249: 10,  # 'ש'
+    250: 5,  # 'ת'
+    251: 251,  # None
+    252: 252,  # None
+    253: 128,  # '\u200e'
+    254: 96,  # '\u200f'
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1255",
+    language="Hebrew",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=HEBREW_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.984004,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשתװױײ",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhungarianmodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhungarianmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09a0d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhungarianmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4649 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+HUNGARIAN_LANG_MODEL = {
+    28: {  # 'A'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 2,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 2,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 2,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'B'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'C'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'D'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'E'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 2,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'F'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'G'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 2,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'H'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 2,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'I'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 2,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'J'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'K'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'L'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'M'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'N'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 2,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 2,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'O'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 2,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'P'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'R'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 2,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'S'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 3,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'T'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 2,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'U'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'V'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 2,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Y'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 2,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'Z'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'a'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'c'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'd'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'e'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 3,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 2,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'f'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'g'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'h'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'i'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 3,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'j'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'k'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'l'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 3,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 3,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'm'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'n'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'o'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'p'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'r'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    5: {  # 's'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    3: {  # 't'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 3,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'u'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'v'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'x'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'y'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'z'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'Á'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'É'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Í'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'Ó'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Ö'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'Ú'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'Ü'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'á'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'é'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'í'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ó'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ö'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'ú'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ü'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ő'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'ű'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 28,  # 'A'
+    66: 40,  # 'B'
+    67: 54,  # 'C'
+    68: 45,  # 'D'
+    69: 32,  # 'E'
+    70: 50,  # 'F'
+    71: 49,  # 'G'
+    72: 38,  # 'H'
+    73: 39,  # 'I'
+    74: 53,  # 'J'
+    75: 36,  # 'K'
+    76: 41,  # 'L'
+    77: 34,  # 'M'
+    78: 35,  # 'N'
+    79: 47,  # 'O'
+    80: 46,  # 'P'
+    81: 72,  # 'Q'
+    82: 43,  # 'R'
+    83: 33,  # 'S'
+    84: 37,  # 'T'
+    85: 57,  # 'U'
+    86: 48,  # 'V'
+    87: 64,  # 'W'
+    88: 68,  # 'X'
+    89: 55,  # 'Y'
+    90: 52,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 2,  # 'a'
+    98: 18,  # 'b'
+    99: 26,  # 'c'
+    100: 17,  # 'd'
+    101: 1,  # 'e'
+    102: 27,  # 'f'
+    103: 12,  # 'g'
+    104: 20,  # 'h'
+    105: 9,  # 'i'
+    106: 22,  # 'j'
+    107: 7,  # 'k'
+    108: 6,  # 'l'
+    109: 13,  # 'm'
+    110: 4,  # 'n'
+    111: 8,  # 'o'
+    112: 23,  # 'p'
+    113: 67,  # 'q'
+    114: 10,  # 'r'
+    115: 5,  # 's'
+    116: 3,  # 't'
+    117: 21,  # 'u'
+    118: 19,  # 'v'
+    119: 65,  # 'w'
+    120: 62,  # 'x'
+    121: 16,  # 'y'
+    122: 11,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 161,  # '€'
+    129: 162,  # None
+    130: 163,  # '‚'
+    131: 164,  # None
+    132: 165,  # '„'
+    133: 166,  # '…'
+    134: 167,  # '†'
+    135: 168,  # '‡'
+    136: 169,  # None
+    137: 170,  # '‰'
+    138: 171,  # 'Š'
+    139: 172,  # '‹'
+    140: 173,  # 'Ś'
+    141: 174,  # 'Ť'
+    142: 175,  # 'Ž'
+    143: 176,  # 'Ź'
+    144: 177,  # None
+    145: 178,  # '‘'
+    146: 179,  # '’'
+    147: 180,  # '“'
+    148: 78,  # '”'
+    149: 181,  # '•'
+    150: 69,  # '–'
+    151: 182,  # '—'
+    152: 183,  # None
+    153: 184,  # '™'
+    154: 185,  # 'š'
+    155: 186,  # '›'
+    156: 187,  # 'ś'
+    157: 188,  # 'ť'
+    158: 189,  # 'ž'
+    159: 190,  # 'ź'
+    160: 191,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 192,  # 'ˇ'
+    162: 193,  # '˘'
+    163: 194,  # 'Ł'
+    164: 195,  # '¤'
+    165: 196,  # 'Ą'
+    166: 197,  # '¦'
+    167: 76,  # '§'
+    168: 198,  # '¨'
+    169: 199,  # '©'
+    170: 200,  # 'Ş'
+    171: 201,  # '«'
+    172: 202,  # '¬'
+    173: 203,  # '\xad'
+    174: 204,  # '®'
+    175: 205,  # 'Ż'
+    176: 81,  # '°'
+    177: 206,  # '±'
+    178: 207,  # '˛'
+    179: 208,  # 'ł'
+    180: 209,  # '´'
+    181: 210,  # 'µ'
+    182: 211,  # '¶'
+    183: 212,  # '·'
+    184: 213,  # '¸'
+    185: 214,  # 'ą'
+    186: 215,  # 'ş'
+    187: 216,  # '»'
+    188: 217,  # 'Ľ'
+    189: 218,  # '˝'
+    190: 219,  # 'ľ'
+    191: 220,  # 'ż'
+    192: 221,  # 'Ŕ'
+    193: 51,  # 'Á'
+    194: 83,  # 'Â'
+    195: 222,  # 'Ă'
+    196: 80,  # 'Ä'
+    197: 223,  # 'Ĺ'
+    198: 224,  # 'Ć'
+    199: 225,  # 'Ç'
+    200: 226,  # 'Č'
+    201: 44,  # 'É'
+    202: 227,  # 'Ę'
+    203: 228,  # 'Ë'
+    204: 229,  # 'Ě'
+    205: 61,  # 'Í'
+    206: 230,  # 'Î'
+    207: 231,  # 'Ď'
+    208: 232,  # 'Đ'
+    209: 233,  # 'Ń'
+    210: 234,  # 'Ň'
+    211: 58,  # 'Ó'
+    212: 235,  # 'Ô'
+    213: 66,  # 'Ő'
+    214: 59,  # 'Ö'
+    215: 236,  # '×'
+    216: 237,  # 'Ř'
+    217: 238,  # 'Ů'
+    218: 60,  # 'Ú'
+    219: 70,  # 'Ű'
+    220: 63,  # 'Ü'
+    221: 239,  # 'Ý'
+    222: 240,  # 'Ţ'
+    223: 241,  # 'ß'
+    224: 84,  # 'ŕ'
+    225: 14,  # 'á'
+    226: 75,  # 'â'
+    227: 242,  # 'ă'
+    228: 71,  # 'ä'
+    229: 82,  # 'ĺ'
+    230: 243,  # 'ć'
+    231: 73,  # 'ç'
+    232: 244,  # 'č'
+    233: 15,  # 'é'
+    234: 85,  # 'ę'
+    235: 79,  # 'ë'
+    236: 86,  # 'ě'
+    237: 30,  # 'í'
+    238: 77,  # 'î'
+    239: 87,  # 'ď'
+    240: 245,  # 'đ'
+    241: 246,  # 'ń'
+    242: 247,  # 'ň'
+    243: 25,  # 'ó'
+    244: 74,  # 'ô'
+    245: 42,  # 'ő'
+    246: 24,  # 'ö'
+    247: 248,  # '÷'
+    248: 249,  # 'ř'
+    249: 250,  # 'ů'
+    250: 31,  # 'ú'
+    251: 56,  # 'ű'
+    252: 29,  # 'ü'
+    253: 251,  # 'ý'
+    254: 252,  # 'ţ'
+    255: 253,  # '˙'
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1250",
+    language="Hungarian",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=HUNGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.947368,
+    keep_ascii_letters=True,
+    alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVZabcdefghijklmnoprstuvzÁÉÍÓÖÚÜáéíóöúüŐőŰű",
+)
+
+ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 28,  # 'A'
+    66: 40,  # 'B'
+    67: 54,  # 'C'
+    68: 45,  # 'D'
+    69: 32,  # 'E'
+    70: 50,  # 'F'
+    71: 49,  # 'G'
+    72: 38,  # 'H'
+    73: 39,  # 'I'
+    74: 53,  # 'J'
+    75: 36,  # 'K'
+    76: 41,  # 'L'
+    77: 34,  # 'M'
+    78: 35,  # 'N'
+    79: 47,  # 'O'
+    80: 46,  # 'P'
+    81: 71,  # 'Q'
+    82: 43,  # 'R'
+    83: 33,  # 'S'
+    84: 37,  # 'T'
+    85: 57,  # 'U'
+    86: 48,  # 'V'
+    87: 64,  # 'W'
+    88: 68,  # 'X'
+    89: 55,  # 'Y'
+    90: 52,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 2,  # 'a'
+    98: 18,  # 'b'
+    99: 26,  # 'c'
+    100: 17,  # 'd'
+    101: 1,  # 'e'
+    102: 27,  # 'f'
+    103: 12,  # 'g'
+    104: 20,  # 'h'
+    105: 9,  # 'i'
+    106: 22,  # 'j'
+    107: 7,  # 'k'
+    108: 6,  # 'l'
+    109: 13,  # 'm'
+    110: 4,  # 'n'
+    111: 8,  # 'o'
+    112: 23,  # 'p'
+    113: 67,  # 'q'
+    114: 10,  # 'r'
+    115: 5,  # 's'
+    116: 3,  # 't'
+    117: 21,  # 'u'
+    118: 19,  # 'v'
+    119: 65,  # 'w'
+    120: 62,  # 'x'
+    121: 16,  # 'y'
+    122: 11,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 159,  # '\x80'
+    129: 160,  # '\x81'
+    130: 161,  # '\x82'
+    131: 162,  # '\x83'
+    132: 163,  # '\x84'
+    133: 164,  # '\x85'
+    134: 165,  # '\x86'
+    135: 166,  # '\x87'
+    136: 167,  # '\x88'
+    137: 168,  # '\x89'
+    138: 169,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 170,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 171,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 172,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 173,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 174,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 175,  # '\x90'
+    145: 176,  # '\x91'
+    146: 177,  # '\x92'
+    147: 178,  # '\x93'
+    148: 179,  # '\x94'
+    149: 180,  # '\x95'
+    150: 181,  # '\x96'
+    151: 182,  # '\x97'
+    152: 183,  # '\x98'
+    153: 184,  # '\x99'
+    154: 185,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 186,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 187,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 188,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 189,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 190,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 191,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 192,  # 'Ą'
+    162: 193,  # '˘'
+    163: 194,  # 'Ł'
+    164: 195,  # '¤'
+    165: 196,  # 'Ľ'
+    166: 197,  # 'Ś'
+    167: 75,  # '§'
+    168: 198,  # '¨'
+    169: 199,  # 'Š'
+    170: 200,  # 'Ş'
+    171: 201,  # 'Ť'
+    172: 202,  # 'Ź'
+    173: 203,  # '\xad'
+    174: 204,  # 'Ž'
+    175: 205,  # 'Ż'
+    176: 79,  # '°'
+    177: 206,  # 'ą'
+    178: 207,  # '˛'
+    179: 208,  # 'ł'
+    180: 209,  # '´'
+    181: 210,  # 'ľ'
+    182: 211,  # 'ś'
+    183: 212,  # 'ˇ'
+    184: 213,  # '¸'
+    185: 214,  # 'š'
+    186: 215,  # 'ş'
+    187: 216,  # 'ť'
+    188: 217,  # 'ź'
+    189: 218,  # '˝'
+    190: 219,  # 'ž'
+    191: 220,  # 'ż'
+    192: 221,  # 'Ŕ'
+    193: 51,  # 'Á'
+    194: 81,  # 'Â'
+    195: 222,  # 'Ă'
+    196: 78,  # 'Ä'
+    197: 223,  # 'Ĺ'
+    198: 224,  # 'Ć'
+    199: 225,  # 'Ç'
+    200: 226,  # 'Č'
+    201: 44,  # 'É'
+    202: 227,  # 'Ę'
+    203: 228,  # 'Ë'
+    204: 229,  # 'Ě'
+    205: 61,  # 'Í'
+    206: 230,  # 'Î'
+    207: 231,  # 'Ď'
+    208: 232,  # 'Đ'
+    209: 233,  # 'Ń'
+    210: 234,  # 'Ň'
+    211: 58,  # 'Ó'
+    212: 235,  # 'Ô'
+    213: 66,  # 'Ő'
+    214: 59,  # 'Ö'
+    215: 236,  # '×'
+    216: 237,  # 'Ř'
+    217: 238,  # 'Ů'
+    218: 60,  # 'Ú'
+    219: 69,  # 'Ű'
+    220: 63,  # 'Ü'
+    221: 239,  # 'Ý'
+    222: 240,  # 'Ţ'
+    223: 241,  # 'ß'
+    224: 82,  # 'ŕ'
+    225: 14,  # 'á'
+    226: 74,  # 'â'
+    227: 242,  # 'ă'
+    228: 70,  # 'ä'
+    229: 80,  # 'ĺ'
+    230: 243,  # 'ć'
+    231: 72,  # 'ç'
+    232: 244,  # 'č'
+    233: 15,  # 'é'
+    234: 83,  # 'ę'
+    235: 77,  # 'ë'
+    236: 84,  # 'ě'
+    237: 30,  # 'í'
+    238: 76,  # 'î'
+    239: 85,  # 'ď'
+    240: 245,  # 'đ'
+    241: 246,  # 'ń'
+    242: 247,  # 'ň'
+    243: 25,  # 'ó'
+    244: 73,  # 'ô'
+    245: 42,  # 'ő'
+    246: 24,  # 'ö'
+    247: 248,  # '÷'
+    248: 249,  # 'ř'
+    249: 250,  # 'ů'
+    250: 31,  # 'ú'
+    251: 56,  # 'ű'
+    252: 29,  # 'ü'
+    253: 251,  # 'ý'
+    254: 252,  # 'ţ'
+    255: 253,  # '˙'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-2",
+    language="Hungarian",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=HUNGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.947368,
+    keep_ascii_letters=True,
+    alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVZabcdefghijklmnoprstuvzÁÉÍÓÖÚÜáéíóöúüŐőŰű",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langrussianmodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langrussianmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39a5388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langrussianmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5725 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL = {
+    37: {  # 'А'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 2,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'Б'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'В'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'Д'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 2,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'Е'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 2,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 2,  # 'Р'
+        32: 2,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Ж'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'З'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'И'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 2,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 2,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'Й'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'К'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 2,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'Л'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'М'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'Н'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 2,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'О'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 2,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 2,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 2,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'П'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 2,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'Р'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 2,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 2,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 2,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'С'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 2,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'Т'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 2,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'У'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'Ф'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Х'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'Ц'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Ч'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'Ш'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'Щ'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'Ы'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Ь'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'Э'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Ю'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Я'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'а'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'б'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'в'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'г'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'д'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'е'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ж'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'з'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'и'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'й'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'к'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'л'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'м'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'н'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'о'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'п'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'р'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'с'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'т'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'у'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'ф'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'х'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'ц'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ч'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ш'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'щ'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'ъ'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'ы'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ь'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'э'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ю'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'я'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+IBM866_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 37,  # 'А'
+    129: 44,  # 'Б'
+    130: 33,  # 'В'
+    131: 46,  # 'Г'
+    132: 41,  # 'Д'
+    133: 48,  # 'Е'
+    134: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    135: 51,  # 'З'
+    136: 42,  # 'И'
+    137: 60,  # 'Й'
+    138: 36,  # 'К'
+    139: 49,  # 'Л'
+    140: 38,  # 'М'
+    141: 31,  # 'Н'
+    142: 34,  # 'О'
+    143: 35,  # 'П'
+    144: 45,  # 'Р'
+    145: 32,  # 'С'
+    146: 40,  # 'Т'
+    147: 52,  # 'У'
+    148: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    149: 55,  # 'Х'
+    150: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    151: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    152: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    153: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    154: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    155: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    156: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    157: 47,  # 'Э'
+    158: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    159: 43,  # 'Я'
+    160: 3,  # 'а'
+    161: 21,  # 'б'
+    162: 10,  # 'в'
+    163: 19,  # 'г'
+    164: 13,  # 'д'
+    165: 2,  # 'е'
+    166: 24,  # 'ж'
+    167: 20,  # 'з'
+    168: 4,  # 'и'
+    169: 23,  # 'й'
+    170: 11,  # 'к'
+    171: 8,  # 'л'
+    172: 12,  # 'м'
+    173: 5,  # 'н'
+    174: 1,  # 'о'
+    175: 15,  # 'п'
+    176: 191,  # '░'
+    177: 192,  # '▒'
+    178: 193,  # '▓'
+    179: 194,  # '│'
+    180: 195,  # '┤'
+    181: 196,  # '╡'
+    182: 197,  # '╢'
+    183: 198,  # '╖'
+    184: 199,  # '╕'
+    185: 200,  # '╣'
+    186: 201,  # '║'
+    187: 202,  # '╗'
+    188: 203,  # '╝'
+    189: 204,  # '╜'
+    190: 205,  # '╛'
+    191: 206,  # '┐'
+    192: 207,  # '└'
+    193: 208,  # '┴'
+    194: 209,  # '┬'
+    195: 210,  # '├'
+    196: 211,  # '─'
+    197: 212,  # '┼'
+    198: 213,  # '╞'
+    199: 214,  # '╟'
+    200: 215,  # '╚'
+    201: 216,  # '╔'
+    202: 217,  # '╩'
+    203: 218,  # '╦'
+    204: 219,  # '╠'
+    205: 220,  # '═'
+    206: 221,  # '╬'
+    207: 222,  # '╧'
+    208: 223,  # '╨'
+    209: 224,  # '╤'
+    210: 225,  # '╥'
+    211: 226,  # '╙'
+    212: 227,  # '╘'
+    213: 228,  # '╒'
+    214: 229,  # '╓'
+    215: 230,  # '╫'
+    216: 231,  # '╪'
+    217: 232,  # '┘'
+    218: 233,  # '┌'
+    219: 234,  # '█'
+    220: 235,  # '▄'
+    221: 236,  # '▌'
+    222: 237,  # '▐'
+    223: 238,  # '▀'
+    224: 9,  # 'р'
+    225: 7,  # 'с'
+    226: 6,  # 'т'
+    227: 14,  # 'у'
+    228: 39,  # 'ф'
+    229: 26,  # 'х'
+    230: 28,  # 'ц'
+    231: 22,  # 'ч'
+    232: 25,  # 'ш'
+    233: 29,  # 'щ'
+    234: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    235: 18,  # 'ы'
+    236: 17,  # 'ь'
+    237: 30,  # 'э'
+    238: 27,  # 'ю'
+    239: 16,  # 'я'
+    240: 239,  # 'Ё'
+    241: 68,  # 'ё'
+    242: 240,  # 'Є'
+    243: 241,  # 'є'
+    244: 242,  # 'Ї'
+    245: 243,  # 'ї'
+    246: 244,  # 'Ў'
+    247: 245,  # 'ў'
+    248: 246,  # '°'
+    249: 247,  # '∙'
+    250: 248,  # '·'
+    251: 249,  # '√'
+    252: 250,  # '№'
+    253: 251,  # '¤'
+    254: 252,  # '■'
+    255: 255,  # '\xa0'
+}
+
+IBM866_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="IBM866",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=IBM866_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # 'Ђ'
+    129: 192,  # 'Ѓ'
+    130: 193,  # '‚'
+    131: 194,  # 'ѓ'
+    132: 195,  # '„'
+    133: 196,  # '…'
+    134: 197,  # '†'
+    135: 198,  # '‡'
+    136: 199,  # '€'
+    137: 200,  # '‰'
+    138: 201,  # 'Љ'
+    139: 202,  # '‹'
+    140: 203,  # 'Њ'
+    141: 204,  # 'Ќ'
+    142: 205,  # 'Ћ'
+    143: 206,  # 'Џ'
+    144: 207,  # 'ђ'
+    145: 208,  # '‘'
+    146: 209,  # '’'
+    147: 210,  # '“'
+    148: 211,  # '”'
+    149: 212,  # '•'
+    150: 213,  # '–'
+    151: 214,  # '—'
+    152: 215,  # None
+    153: 216,  # '™'
+    154: 217,  # 'љ'
+    155: 218,  # '›'
+    156: 219,  # 'њ'
+    157: 220,  # 'ќ'
+    158: 221,  # 'ћ'
+    159: 222,  # 'џ'
+    160: 223,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 224,  # 'Ў'
+    162: 225,  # 'ў'
+    163: 226,  # 'Ј'
+    164: 227,  # '¤'
+    165: 228,  # 'Ґ'
+    166: 229,  # '¦'
+    167: 230,  # '§'
+    168: 231,  # 'Ё'
+    169: 232,  # '©'
+    170: 233,  # 'Є'
+    171: 234,  # '«'
+    172: 235,  # '¬'
+    173: 236,  # '\xad'
+    174: 237,  # '®'
+    175: 238,  # 'Ї'
+    176: 239,  # '°'
+    177: 240,  # '±'
+    178: 241,  # 'І'
+    179: 242,  # 'і'
+    180: 243,  # 'ґ'
+    181: 244,  # 'µ'
+    182: 245,  # '¶'
+    183: 246,  # '·'
+    184: 68,  # 'ё'
+    185: 247,  # '№'
+    186: 248,  # 'є'
+    187: 249,  # '»'
+    188: 250,  # 'ј'
+    189: 251,  # 'Ѕ'
+    190: 252,  # 'ѕ'
+    191: 253,  # 'ї'
+    192: 37,  # 'А'
+    193: 44,  # 'Б'
+    194: 33,  # 'В'
+    195: 46,  # 'Г'
+    196: 41,  # 'Д'
+    197: 48,  # 'Е'
+    198: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    199: 51,  # 'З'
+    200: 42,  # 'И'
+    201: 60,  # 'Й'
+    202: 36,  # 'К'
+    203: 49,  # 'Л'
+    204: 38,  # 'М'
+    205: 31,  # 'Н'
+    206: 34,  # 'О'
+    207: 35,  # 'П'
+    208: 45,  # 'Р'
+    209: 32,  # 'С'
+    210: 40,  # 'Т'
+    211: 52,  # 'У'
+    212: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    213: 55,  # 'Х'
+    214: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    215: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    216: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    217: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    218: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    219: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    220: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    221: 47,  # 'Э'
+    222: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    223: 43,  # 'Я'
+    224: 3,  # 'а'
+    225: 21,  # 'б'
+    226: 10,  # 'в'
+    227: 19,  # 'г'
+    228: 13,  # 'д'
+    229: 2,  # 'е'
+    230: 24,  # 'ж'
+    231: 20,  # 'з'
+    232: 4,  # 'и'
+    233: 23,  # 'й'
+    234: 11,  # 'к'
+    235: 8,  # 'л'
+    236: 12,  # 'м'
+    237: 5,  # 'н'
+    238: 1,  # 'о'
+    239: 15,  # 'п'
+    240: 9,  # 'р'
+    241: 7,  # 'с'
+    242: 6,  # 'т'
+    243: 14,  # 'у'
+    244: 39,  # 'ф'
+    245: 26,  # 'х'
+    246: 28,  # 'ц'
+    247: 22,  # 'ч'
+    248: 25,  # 'ш'
+    249: 29,  # 'щ'
+    250: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    251: 18,  # 'ы'
+    252: 17,  # 'ь'
+    253: 30,  # 'э'
+    254: 27,  # 'ю'
+    255: 16,  # 'я'
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1251",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+IBM855_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # 'ђ'
+    129: 192,  # 'Ђ'
+    130: 193,  # 'ѓ'
+    131: 194,  # 'Ѓ'
+    132: 68,  # 'ё'
+    133: 195,  # 'Ё'
+    134: 196,  # 'є'
+    135: 197,  # 'Є'
+    136: 198,  # 'ѕ'
+    137: 199,  # 'Ѕ'
+    138: 200,  # 'і'
+    139: 201,  # 'І'
+    140: 202,  # 'ї'
+    141: 203,  # 'Ї'
+    142: 204,  # 'ј'
+    143: 205,  # 'Ј'
+    144: 206,  # 'љ'
+    145: 207,  # 'Љ'
+    146: 208,  # 'њ'
+    147: 209,  # 'Њ'
+    148: 210,  # 'ћ'
+    149: 211,  # 'Ћ'
+    150: 212,  # 'ќ'
+    151: 213,  # 'Ќ'
+    152: 214,  # 'ў'
+    153: 215,  # 'Ў'
+    154: 216,  # 'џ'
+    155: 217,  # 'Џ'
+    156: 27,  # 'ю'
+    157: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    158: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    159: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    160: 3,  # 'а'
+    161: 37,  # 'А'
+    162: 21,  # 'б'
+    163: 44,  # 'Б'
+    164: 28,  # 'ц'
+    165: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    166: 13,  # 'д'
+    167: 41,  # 'Д'
+    168: 2,  # 'е'
+    169: 48,  # 'Е'
+    170: 39,  # 'ф'
+    171: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    172: 19,  # 'г'
+    173: 46,  # 'Г'
+    174: 218,  # '«'
+    175: 219,  # '»'
+    176: 220,  # '░'
+    177: 221,  # '▒'
+    178: 222,  # '▓'
+    179: 223,  # '│'
+    180: 224,  # '┤'
+    181: 26,  # 'х'
+    182: 55,  # 'Х'
+    183: 4,  # 'и'
+    184: 42,  # 'И'
+    185: 225,  # '╣'
+    186: 226,  # '║'
+    187: 227,  # '╗'
+    188: 228,  # '╝'
+    189: 23,  # 'й'
+    190: 60,  # 'Й'
+    191: 229,  # '┐'
+    192: 230,  # '└'
+    193: 231,  # '┴'
+    194: 232,  # '┬'
+    195: 233,  # '├'
+    196: 234,  # '─'
+    197: 235,  # '┼'
+    198: 11,  # 'к'
+    199: 36,  # 'К'
+    200: 236,  # '╚'
+    201: 237,  # '╔'
+    202: 238,  # '╩'
+    203: 239,  # '╦'
+    204: 240,  # '╠'
+    205: 241,  # '═'
+    206: 242,  # '╬'
+    207: 243,  # '¤'
+    208: 8,  # 'л'
+    209: 49,  # 'Л'
+    210: 12,  # 'м'
+    211: 38,  # 'М'
+    212: 5,  # 'н'
+    213: 31,  # 'Н'
+    214: 1,  # 'о'
+    215: 34,  # 'О'
+    216: 15,  # 'п'
+    217: 244,  # '┘'
+    218: 245,  # '┌'
+    219: 246,  # '█'
+    220: 247,  # '▄'
+    221: 35,  # 'П'
+    222: 16,  # 'я'
+    223: 248,  # '▀'
+    224: 43,  # 'Я'
+    225: 9,  # 'р'
+    226: 45,  # 'Р'
+    227: 7,  # 'с'
+    228: 32,  # 'С'
+    229: 6,  # 'т'
+    230: 40,  # 'Т'
+    231: 14,  # 'у'
+    232: 52,  # 'У'
+    233: 24,  # 'ж'
+    234: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    235: 10,  # 'в'
+    236: 33,  # 'В'
+    237: 17,  # 'ь'
+    238: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    239: 249,  # '№'
+    240: 250,  # '\xad'
+    241: 18,  # 'ы'
+    242: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    243: 20,  # 'з'
+    244: 51,  # 'З'
+    245: 25,  # 'ш'
+    246: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    247: 30,  # 'э'
+    248: 47,  # 'Э'
+    249: 29,  # 'щ'
+    250: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    251: 22,  # 'ч'
+    252: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    253: 251,  # '§'
+    254: 252,  # '■'
+    255: 255,  # '\xa0'
+}
+
+IBM855_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="IBM855",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=IBM855_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # '─'
+    129: 192,  # '│'
+    130: 193,  # '┌'
+    131: 194,  # '┐'
+    132: 195,  # '└'
+    133: 196,  # '┘'
+    134: 197,  # '├'
+    135: 198,  # '┤'
+    136: 199,  # '┬'
+    137: 200,  # '┴'
+    138: 201,  # '┼'
+    139: 202,  # '▀'
+    140: 203,  # '▄'
+    141: 204,  # '█'
+    142: 205,  # '▌'
+    143: 206,  # '▐'
+    144: 207,  # '░'
+    145: 208,  # '▒'
+    146: 209,  # '▓'
+    147: 210,  # '⌠'
+    148: 211,  # '■'
+    149: 212,  # '∙'
+    150: 213,  # '√'
+    151: 214,  # '≈'
+    152: 215,  # '≤'
+    153: 216,  # '≥'
+    154: 217,  # '\xa0'
+    155: 218,  # '⌡'
+    156: 219,  # '°'
+    157: 220,  # '²'
+    158: 221,  # '·'
+    159: 222,  # '÷'
+    160: 223,  # '═'
+    161: 224,  # '║'
+    162: 225,  # '╒'
+    163: 68,  # 'ё'
+    164: 226,  # '╓'
+    165: 227,  # '╔'
+    166: 228,  # '╕'
+    167: 229,  # '╖'
+    168: 230,  # '╗'
+    169: 231,  # '╘'
+    170: 232,  # '╙'
+    171: 233,  # '╚'
+    172: 234,  # '╛'
+    173: 235,  # '╜'
+    174: 236,  # '╝'
+    175: 237,  # '╞'
+    176: 238,  # '╟'
+    177: 239,  # '╠'
+    178: 240,  # '╡'
+    179: 241,  # 'Ё'
+    180: 242,  # '╢'
+    181: 243,  # '╣'
+    182: 244,  # '╤'
+    183: 245,  # '╥'
+    184: 246,  # '╦'
+    185: 247,  # '╧'
+    186: 248,  # '╨'
+    187: 249,  # '╩'
+    188: 250,  # '╪'
+    189: 251,  # '╫'
+    190: 252,  # '╬'
+    191: 253,  # '©'
+    192: 27,  # 'ю'
+    193: 3,  # 'а'
+    194: 21,  # 'б'
+    195: 28,  # 'ц'
+    196: 13,  # 'д'
+    197: 2,  # 'е'
+    198: 39,  # 'ф'
+    199: 19,  # 'г'
+    200: 26,  # 'х'
+    201: 4,  # 'и'
+    202: 23,  # 'й'
+    203: 11,  # 'к'
+    204: 8,  # 'л'
+    205: 12,  # 'м'
+    206: 5,  # 'н'
+    207: 1,  # 'о'
+    208: 15,  # 'п'
+    209: 16,  # 'я'
+    210: 9,  # 'р'
+    211: 7,  # 'с'
+    212: 6,  # 'т'
+    213: 14,  # 'у'
+    214: 24,  # 'ж'
+    215: 10,  # 'в'
+    216: 17,  # 'ь'
+    217: 18,  # 'ы'
+    218: 20,  # 'з'
+    219: 25,  # 'ш'
+    220: 30,  # 'э'
+    221: 29,  # 'щ'
+    222: 22,  # 'ч'
+    223: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    224: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    225: 37,  # 'А'
+    226: 44,  # 'Б'
+    227: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    228: 41,  # 'Д'
+    229: 48,  # 'Е'
+    230: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    231: 46,  # 'Г'
+    232: 55,  # 'Х'
+    233: 42,  # 'И'
+    234: 60,  # 'Й'
+    235: 36,  # 'К'
+    236: 49,  # 'Л'
+    237: 38,  # 'М'
+    238: 31,  # 'Н'
+    239: 34,  # 'О'
+    240: 35,  # 'П'
+    241: 43,  # 'Я'
+    242: 45,  # 'Р'
+    243: 32,  # 'С'
+    244: 40,  # 'Т'
+    245: 52,  # 'У'
+    246: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    247: 33,  # 'В'
+    248: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    249: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    250: 51,  # 'З'
+    251: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    252: 47,  # 'Э'
+    253: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    254: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    255: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+}
+
+KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="KOI8-R",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 37,  # 'А'
+    129: 44,  # 'Б'
+    130: 33,  # 'В'
+    131: 46,  # 'Г'
+    132: 41,  # 'Д'
+    133: 48,  # 'Е'
+    134: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    135: 51,  # 'З'
+    136: 42,  # 'И'
+    137: 60,  # 'Й'
+    138: 36,  # 'К'
+    139: 49,  # 'Л'
+    140: 38,  # 'М'
+    141: 31,  # 'Н'
+    142: 34,  # 'О'
+    143: 35,  # 'П'
+    144: 45,  # 'Р'
+    145: 32,  # 'С'
+    146: 40,  # 'Т'
+    147: 52,  # 'У'
+    148: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    149: 55,  # 'Х'
+    150: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    151: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    152: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    153: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    154: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    155: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    156: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    157: 47,  # 'Э'
+    158: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    159: 43,  # 'Я'
+    160: 191,  # '†'
+    161: 192,  # '°'
+    162: 193,  # 'Ґ'
+    163: 194,  # '£'
+    164: 195,  # '§'
+    165: 196,  # '•'
+    166: 197,  # '¶'
+    167: 198,  # 'І'
+    168: 199,  # '®'
+    169: 200,  # '©'
+    170: 201,  # '™'
+    171: 202,  # 'Ђ'
+    172: 203,  # 'ђ'
+    173: 204,  # '≠'
+    174: 205,  # 'Ѓ'
+    175: 206,  # 'ѓ'
+    176: 207,  # '∞'
+    177: 208,  # '±'
+    178: 209,  # '≤'
+    179: 210,  # '≥'
+    180: 211,  # 'і'
+    181: 212,  # 'µ'
+    182: 213,  # 'ґ'
+    183: 214,  # 'Ј'
+    184: 215,  # 'Є'
+    185: 216,  # 'є'
+    186: 217,  # 'Ї'
+    187: 218,  # 'ї'
+    188: 219,  # 'Љ'
+    189: 220,  # 'љ'
+    190: 221,  # 'Њ'
+    191: 222,  # 'њ'
+    192: 223,  # 'ј'
+    193: 224,  # 'Ѕ'
+    194: 225,  # '¬'
+    195: 226,  # '√'
+    196: 227,  # 'ƒ'
+    197: 228,  # '≈'
+    198: 229,  # '∆'
+    199: 230,  # '«'
+    200: 231,  # '»'
+    201: 232,  # '…'
+    202: 233,  # '\xa0'
+    203: 234,  # 'Ћ'
+    204: 235,  # 'ћ'
+    205: 236,  # 'Ќ'
+    206: 237,  # 'ќ'
+    207: 238,  # 'ѕ'
+    208: 239,  # '–'
+    209: 240,  # '—'
+    210: 241,  # '“'
+    211: 242,  # '”'
+    212: 243,  # '‘'
+    213: 244,  # '’'
+    214: 245,  # '÷'
+    215: 246,  # '„'
+    216: 247,  # 'Ў'
+    217: 248,  # 'ў'
+    218: 249,  # 'Џ'
+    219: 250,  # 'џ'
+    220: 251,  # '№'
+    221: 252,  # 'Ё'
+    222: 68,  # 'ё'
+    223: 16,  # 'я'
+    224: 3,  # 'а'
+    225: 21,  # 'б'
+    226: 10,  # 'в'
+    227: 19,  # 'г'
+    228: 13,  # 'д'
+    229: 2,  # 'е'
+    230: 24,  # 'ж'
+    231: 20,  # 'з'
+    232: 4,  # 'и'
+    233: 23,  # 'й'
+    234: 11,  # 'к'
+    235: 8,  # 'л'
+    236: 12,  # 'м'
+    237: 5,  # 'н'
+    238: 1,  # 'о'
+    239: 15,  # 'п'
+    240: 9,  # 'р'
+    241: 7,  # 'с'
+    242: 6,  # 'т'
+    243: 14,  # 'у'
+    244: 39,  # 'ф'
+    245: 26,  # 'х'
+    246: 28,  # 'ц'
+    247: 22,  # 'ч'
+    248: 25,  # 'ш'
+    249: 29,  # 'щ'
+    250: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    251: 18,  # 'ы'
+    252: 17,  # 'ь'
+    253: 30,  # 'э'
+    254: 27,  # 'ю'
+    255: 255,  # '€'
+}
+
+MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="MacCyrillic",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # '\x80'
+    129: 192,  # '\x81'
+    130: 193,  # '\x82'
+    131: 194,  # '\x83'
+    132: 195,  # '\x84'
+    133: 196,  # '\x85'
+    134: 197,  # '\x86'
+    135: 198,  # '\x87'
+    136: 199,  # '\x88'
+    137: 200,  # '\x89'
+    138: 201,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 202,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 203,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 204,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 205,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 206,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 207,  # '\x90'
+    145: 208,  # '\x91'
+    146: 209,  # '\x92'
+    147: 210,  # '\x93'
+    148: 211,  # '\x94'
+    149: 212,  # '\x95'
+    150: 213,  # '\x96'
+    151: 214,  # '\x97'
+    152: 215,  # '\x98'
+    153: 216,  # '\x99'
+    154: 217,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 218,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 219,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 220,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 221,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 222,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 223,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 224,  # 'Ё'
+    162: 225,  # 'Ђ'
+    163: 226,  # 'Ѓ'
+    164: 227,  # 'Є'
+    165: 228,  # 'Ѕ'
+    166: 229,  # 'І'
+    167: 230,  # 'Ї'
+    168: 231,  # 'Ј'
+    169: 232,  # 'Љ'
+    170: 233,  # 'Њ'
+    171: 234,  # 'Ћ'
+    172: 235,  # 'Ќ'
+    173: 236,  # '\xad'
+    174: 237,  # 'Ў'
+    175: 238,  # 'Џ'
+    176: 37,  # 'А'
+    177: 44,  # 'Б'
+    178: 33,  # 'В'
+    179: 46,  # 'Г'
+    180: 41,  # 'Д'
+    181: 48,  # 'Е'
+    182: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    183: 51,  # 'З'
+    184: 42,  # 'И'
+    185: 60,  # 'Й'
+    186: 36,  # 'К'
+    187: 49,  # 'Л'
+    188: 38,  # 'М'
+    189: 31,  # 'Н'
+    190: 34,  # 'О'
+    191: 35,  # 'П'
+    192: 45,  # 'Р'
+    193: 32,  # 'С'
+    194: 40,  # 'Т'
+    195: 52,  # 'У'
+    196: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    197: 55,  # 'Х'
+    198: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    199: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    200: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    201: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    202: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    203: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    204: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    205: 47,  # 'Э'
+    206: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    207: 43,  # 'Я'
+    208: 3,  # 'а'
+    209: 21,  # 'б'
+    210: 10,  # 'в'
+    211: 19,  # 'г'
+    212: 13,  # 'д'
+    213: 2,  # 'е'
+    214: 24,  # 'ж'
+    215: 20,  # 'з'
+    216: 4,  # 'и'
+    217: 23,  # 'й'
+    218: 11,  # 'к'
+    219: 8,  # 'л'
+    220: 12,  # 'м'
+    221: 5,  # 'н'
+    222: 1,  # 'о'
+    223: 15,  # 'п'
+    224: 9,  # 'р'
+    225: 7,  # 'с'
+    226: 6,  # 'т'
+    227: 14,  # 'у'
+    228: 39,  # 'ф'
+    229: 26,  # 'х'
+    230: 28,  # 'ц'
+    231: 22,  # 'ч'
+    232: 25,  # 'ш'
+    233: 29,  # 'щ'
+    234: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    235: 18,  # 'ы'
+    236: 17,  # 'ь'
+    237: 30,  # 'э'
+    238: 27,  # 'ю'
+    239: 16,  # 'я'
+    240: 239,  # '№'
+    241: 68,  # 'ё'
+    242: 240,  # 'ђ'
+    243: 241,  # 'ѓ'
+    244: 242,  # 'є'
+    245: 243,  # 'ѕ'
+    246: 244,  # 'і'
+    247: 245,  # 'ї'
+    248: 246,  # 'ј'
+    249: 247,  # 'љ'
+    250: 248,  # 'њ'
+    251: 249,  # 'ћ'
+    252: 250,  # 'ќ'
+    253: 251,  # '§'
+    254: 252,  # 'ў'
+    255: 255,  # 'џ'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-5",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langthaimodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langthaimodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..489cad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langthaimodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4380 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+THAI_LANG_MODEL = {
+    5: {  # 'ก'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 3,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 2,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 2,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 2,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 3,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ข'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 2,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ค'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 2,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 2,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 3,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'ง'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 2,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 3,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'จ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'ฉ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 1,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'ช'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 1,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 1,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'ซ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 1,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 1,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'ญ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 3,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'ฎ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'ฏ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'ฐ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'ฑ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'ฒ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'ณ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 3,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 3,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'ด'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 2,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 2,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 2,  # '็'
+        6: 1,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ต'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 2,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 2,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'ถ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'ท'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 3,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 1,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 3,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'ธ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 2,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'น'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 2,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 3,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 1,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 3,  # 'โ'
+        29: 3,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 3,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 2,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'บ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ป'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 1,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 3,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 1,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 1,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'ผ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'ฝ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'พ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 2,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'ฟ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'ภ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'ม'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 2,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 2,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'ย'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 2,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 2,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'ร'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 2,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 3,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 3,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 3,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'ฤ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'ล'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 3,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 2,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 2,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'ว'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ศ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 1,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'ษ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 2,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 1,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 2,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'ส'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 3,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'ห'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'อ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'ฯ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ะ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'ั'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 3,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 2,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 3,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'า'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 2,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 3,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'ำ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'ิ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 3,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 3,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'ี'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'ึ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ื'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'ุ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 1,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'ู'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'เ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 3,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 3,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 2,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 3,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'แ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 2,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 3,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'โ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ใ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'ไ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'ๆ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    37: {  # '็'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 1,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    6: {  # '่'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    7: {  # '้'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    38: {  # '์'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 1,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    56: {  # '๑'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 2,  # '๑'
+        59: 1,  # '๒'
+        60: 1,  # '๕'
+    },
+    59: {  # '๒'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 1,  # '๑'
+        59: 1,  # '๒'
+        60: 3,  # '๕'
+    },
+    60: {  # '๕'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 2,  # '๑'
+        59: 1,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+TIS_620_THAI_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 182,  # 'A'
+    66: 106,  # 'B'
+    67: 107,  # 'C'
+    68: 100,  # 'D'
+    69: 183,  # 'E'
+    70: 184,  # 'F'
+    71: 185,  # 'G'
+    72: 101,  # 'H'
+    73: 94,  # 'I'
+    74: 186,  # 'J'
+    75: 187,  # 'K'
+    76: 108,  # 'L'
+    77: 109,  # 'M'
+    78: 110,  # 'N'
+    79: 111,  # 'O'
+    80: 188,  # 'P'
+    81: 189,  # 'Q'
+    82: 190,  # 'R'
+    83: 89,  # 'S'
+    84: 95,  # 'T'
+    85: 112,  # 'U'
+    86: 113,  # 'V'
+    87: 191,  # 'W'
+    88: 192,  # 'X'
+    89: 193,  # 'Y'
+    90: 194,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 64,  # 'a'
+    98: 72,  # 'b'
+    99: 73,  # 'c'
+    100: 114,  # 'd'
+    101: 74,  # 'e'
+    102: 115,  # 'f'
+    103: 116,  # 'g'
+    104: 102,  # 'h'
+    105: 81,  # 'i'
+    106: 201,  # 'j'
+    107: 117,  # 'k'
+    108: 90,  # 'l'
+    109: 103,  # 'm'
+    110: 78,  # 'n'
+    111: 82,  # 'o'
+    112: 96,  # 'p'
+    113: 202,  # 'q'
+    114: 91,  # 'r'
+    115: 79,  # 's'
+    116: 84,  # 't'
+    117: 104,  # 'u'
+    118: 105,  # 'v'
+    119: 97,  # 'w'
+    120: 98,  # 'x'
+    121: 92,  # 'y'
+    122: 203,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 209,  # '\x80'
+    129: 210,  # '\x81'
+    130: 211,  # '\x82'
+    131: 212,  # '\x83'
+    132: 213,  # '\x84'
+    133: 88,  # '\x85'
+    134: 214,  # '\x86'
+    135: 215,  # '\x87'
+    136: 216,  # '\x88'
+    137: 217,  # '\x89'
+    138: 218,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 219,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 220,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 118,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 221,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 222,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 223,  # '\x90'
+    145: 224,  # '\x91'
+    146: 99,  # '\x92'
+    147: 85,  # '\x93'
+    148: 83,  # '\x94'
+    149: 225,  # '\x95'
+    150: 226,  # '\x96'
+    151: 227,  # '\x97'
+    152: 228,  # '\x98'
+    153: 229,  # '\x99'
+    154: 230,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 231,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 232,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 233,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 234,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 235,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 236,  # None
+    161: 5,  # 'ก'
+    162: 30,  # 'ข'
+    163: 237,  # 'ฃ'
+    164: 24,  # 'ค'
+    165: 238,  # 'ฅ'
+    166: 75,  # 'ฆ'
+    167: 8,  # 'ง'
+    168: 26,  # 'จ'
+    169: 52,  # 'ฉ'
+    170: 34,  # 'ช'
+    171: 51,  # 'ซ'
+    172: 119,  # 'ฌ'
+    173: 47,  # 'ญ'
+    174: 58,  # 'ฎ'
+    175: 57,  # 'ฏ'
+    176: 49,  # 'ฐ'
+    177: 53,  # 'ฑ'
+    178: 55,  # 'ฒ'
+    179: 43,  # 'ณ'
+    180: 20,  # 'ด'
+    181: 19,  # 'ต'
+    182: 44,  # 'ถ'
+    183: 14,  # 'ท'
+    184: 48,  # 'ธ'
+    185: 3,  # 'น'
+    186: 17,  # 'บ'
+    187: 25,  # 'ป'
+    188: 39,  # 'ผ'
+    189: 62,  # 'ฝ'
+    190: 31,  # 'พ'
+    191: 54,  # 'ฟ'
+    192: 45,  # 'ภ'
+    193: 9,  # 'ม'
+    194: 16,  # 'ย'
+    195: 2,  # 'ร'
+    196: 61,  # 'ฤ'
+    197: 15,  # 'ล'
+    198: 239,  # 'ฦ'
+    199: 12,  # 'ว'
+    200: 42,  # 'ศ'
+    201: 46,  # 'ษ'
+    202: 18,  # 'ส'
+    203: 21,  # 'ห'
+    204: 76,  # 'ฬ'
+    205: 4,  # 'อ'
+    206: 66,  # 'ฮ'
+    207: 63,  # 'ฯ'
+    208: 22,  # 'ะ'
+    209: 10,  # 'ั'
+    210: 1,  # 'า'
+    211: 36,  # 'ำ'
+    212: 23,  # 'ิ'
+    213: 13,  # 'ี'
+    214: 40,  # 'ึ'
+    215: 27,  # 'ื'
+    216: 32,  # 'ุ'
+    217: 35,  # 'ู'
+    218: 86,  # 'ฺ'
+    219: 240,  # None
+    220: 241,  # None
+    221: 242,  # None
+    222: 243,  # None
+    223: 244,  # '฿'
+    224: 11,  # 'เ'
+    225: 28,  # 'แ'
+    226: 41,  # 'โ'
+    227: 29,  # 'ใ'
+    228: 33,  # 'ไ'
+    229: 245,  # 'ๅ'
+    230: 50,  # 'ๆ'
+    231: 37,  # '็'
+    232: 6,  # '่'
+    233: 7,  # '้'
+    234: 67,  # '๊'
+    235: 77,  # '๋'
+    236: 38,  # '์'
+    237: 93,  # 'ํ'
+    238: 246,  # '๎'
+    239: 247,  # '๏'
+    240: 68,  # '๐'
+    241: 56,  # '๑'
+    242: 59,  # '๒'
+    243: 65,  # '๓'
+    244: 69,  # '๔'
+    245: 60,  # '๕'
+    246: 70,  # '๖'
+    247: 80,  # '๗'
+    248: 71,  # '๘'
+    249: 87,  # '๙'
+    250: 248,  # '๚'
+    251: 249,  # '๛'
+    252: 250,  # None
+    253: 251,  # None
+    254: 252,  # None
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+TIS_620_THAI_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="TIS-620",
+    language="Thai",
+    char_to_order_map=TIS_620_THAI_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=THAI_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.926386,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langturkishmodel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langturkishmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..291857c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langturkishmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4380 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+TURKISH_LANG_MODEL = {
+    23: {  # 'A'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'B'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 2,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'C'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'D'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'E'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'F'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'G'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'H'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 2,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'I'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'J'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
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+        3: 1,  # 'i'
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+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'K'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
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+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
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+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
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+        22: 1,  # 'z'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'L'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 2,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
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+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
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+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
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+        1: 0,  # 'a'
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+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
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+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
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+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
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+        14: 0,  # 'u'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'M'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
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+        14: 3,  # 'u'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'N'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
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+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
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+        27: 1,  # 'g'
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+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
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+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
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+        58: 1,  # 'x'
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+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'O'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
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+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
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+        45: 1,  # 'H'
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+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
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+        44: 1,  # 'R'
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+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
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+        3: 0,  # 'i'
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+        4: 0,  # 'n'
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+        22: 2,  # 'z'
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+        54: 2,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 2,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'P'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 2,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        1: 2,  # 'a'
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+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
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+        3: 0,  # 'i'
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+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'R'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
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+        3: 0,  # 'i'
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+        10: 1,  # 'k'
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+        4: 0,  # 'n'
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+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'S'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
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+        42: 0,  # 'O'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
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+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
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+        3: 0,  # 'i'
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+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
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+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
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+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'T'
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+        37: 0,  # 'B'
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+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
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+        31: 2,  # 'T'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
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+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
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+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
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+        57: 1,  # 'w'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'U'
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+        29: 0,  # 'E'
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+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'V'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'W'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Y'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Z'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 2,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'a'
+        23: 3,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 2,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'b'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'c'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 2,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 2,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 3,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'd'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'e'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 2,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'f'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'g'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'h'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'i'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'j'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'k'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'l'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'm'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'n'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 2,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 2,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'p'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'r'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    8: {  # 's'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    9: {  # 't'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'u'
+        23: 3,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 2,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'v'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
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+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'w'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
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+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
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+        14: 1,  # 'u'
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+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'x'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
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+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
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+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
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+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
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+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
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+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
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+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'y'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
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+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
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+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
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+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'z'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 2,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 2,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 2,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    63: {  # '·'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'Ç'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Ö'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 2,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Ü'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'â'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'ç'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'î'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'ö'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ü'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ğ'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 2,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 2,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 2,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'İ'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'ı'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'Ş'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 2,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ş'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 2,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 255,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 255,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 255,  # ' '
+    33: 255,  # '!'
+    34: 255,  # '"'
+    35: 255,  # '#'
+    36: 255,  # '$'
+    37: 255,  # '%'
+    38: 255,  # '&'
+    39: 255,  # "'"
+    40: 255,  # '('
+    41: 255,  # ')'
+    42: 255,  # '*'
+    43: 255,  # '+'
+    44: 255,  # ','
+    45: 255,  # '-'
+    46: 255,  # '.'
+    47: 255,  # '/'
+    48: 255,  # '0'
+    49: 255,  # '1'
+    50: 255,  # '2'
+    51: 255,  # '3'
+    52: 255,  # '4'
+    53: 255,  # '5'
+    54: 255,  # '6'
+    55: 255,  # '7'
+    56: 255,  # '8'
+    57: 255,  # '9'
+    58: 255,  # ':'
+    59: 255,  # ';'
+    60: 255,  # '<'
+    61: 255,  # '='
+    62: 255,  # '>'
+    63: 255,  # '?'
+    64: 255,  # '@'
+    65: 23,  # 'A'
+    66: 37,  # 'B'
+    67: 47,  # 'C'
+    68: 39,  # 'D'
+    69: 29,  # 'E'
+    70: 52,  # 'F'
+    71: 36,  # 'G'
+    72: 45,  # 'H'
+    73: 53,  # 'I'
+    74: 60,  # 'J'
+    75: 16,  # 'K'
+    76: 49,  # 'L'
+    77: 20,  # 'M'
+    78: 46,  # 'N'
+    79: 42,  # 'O'
+    80: 48,  # 'P'
+    81: 69,  # 'Q'
+    82: 44,  # 'R'
+    83: 35,  # 'S'
+    84: 31,  # 'T'
+    85: 51,  # 'U'
+    86: 38,  # 'V'
+    87: 62,  # 'W'
+    88: 65,  # 'X'
+    89: 43,  # 'Y'
+    90: 56,  # 'Z'
+    91: 255,  # '['
+    92: 255,  # '\\'
+    93: 255,  # ']'
+    94: 255,  # '^'
+    95: 255,  # '_'
+    96: 255,  # '`'
+    97: 1,  # 'a'
+    98: 21,  # 'b'
+    99: 28,  # 'c'
+    100: 12,  # 'd'
+    101: 2,  # 'e'
+    102: 18,  # 'f'
+    103: 27,  # 'g'
+    104: 25,  # 'h'
+    105: 3,  # 'i'
+    106: 24,  # 'j'
+    107: 10,  # 'k'
+    108: 5,  # 'l'
+    109: 13,  # 'm'
+    110: 4,  # 'n'
+    111: 15,  # 'o'
+    112: 26,  # 'p'
+    113: 64,  # 'q'
+    114: 7,  # 'r'
+    115: 8,  # 's'
+    116: 9,  # 't'
+    117: 14,  # 'u'
+    118: 32,  # 'v'
+    119: 57,  # 'w'
+    120: 58,  # 'x'
+    121: 11,  # 'y'
+    122: 22,  # 'z'
+    123: 255,  # '{'
+    124: 255,  # '|'
+    125: 255,  # '}'
+    126: 255,  # '~'
+    127: 255,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 180,  # '\x80'
+    129: 179,  # '\x81'
+    130: 178,  # '\x82'
+    131: 177,  # '\x83'
+    132: 176,  # '\x84'
+    133: 175,  # '\x85'
+    134: 174,  # '\x86'
+    135: 173,  # '\x87'
+    136: 172,  # '\x88'
+    137: 171,  # '\x89'
+    138: 170,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 169,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 168,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 167,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 166,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 165,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 164,  # '\x90'
+    145: 163,  # '\x91'
+    146: 162,  # '\x92'
+    147: 161,  # '\x93'
+    148: 160,  # '\x94'
+    149: 159,  # '\x95'
+    150: 101,  # '\x96'
+    151: 158,  # '\x97'
+    152: 157,  # '\x98'
+    153: 156,  # '\x99'
+    154: 155,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 154,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 153,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 152,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 151,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 106,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 150,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 149,  # '¡'
+    162: 148,  # '¢'
+    163: 147,  # '£'
+    164: 146,  # '¤'
+    165: 145,  # '¥'
+    166: 144,  # '¦'
+    167: 100,  # '§'
+    168: 143,  # '¨'
+    169: 142,  # '©'
+    170: 141,  # 'ª'
+    171: 140,  # '«'
+    172: 139,  # '¬'
+    173: 138,  # '\xad'
+    174: 137,  # '®'
+    175: 136,  # '¯'
+    176: 94,  # '°'
+    177: 80,  # '±'
+    178: 93,  # '²'
+    179: 135,  # '³'
+    180: 105,  # '´'
+    181: 134,  # 'µ'
+    182: 133,  # '¶'
+    183: 63,  # '·'
+    184: 132,  # '¸'
+    185: 131,  # '¹'
+    186: 130,  # 'º'
+    187: 129,  # '»'
+    188: 128,  # '¼'
+    189: 127,  # '½'
+    190: 126,  # '¾'
+    191: 125,  # '¿'
+    192: 124,  # 'À'
+    193: 104,  # 'Á'
+    194: 73,  # 'Â'
+    195: 99,  # 'Ã'
+    196: 79,  # 'Ä'
+    197: 85,  # 'Å'
+    198: 123,  # 'Æ'
+    199: 54,  # 'Ç'
+    200: 122,  # 'È'
+    201: 98,  # 'É'
+    202: 92,  # 'Ê'
+    203: 121,  # 'Ë'
+    204: 120,  # 'Ì'
+    205: 91,  # 'Í'
+    206: 103,  # 'Î'
+    207: 119,  # 'Ï'
+    208: 68,  # 'Ğ'
+    209: 118,  # 'Ñ'
+    210: 117,  # 'Ò'
+    211: 97,  # 'Ó'
+    212: 116,  # 'Ô'
+    213: 115,  # 'Õ'
+    214: 50,  # 'Ö'
+    215: 90,  # '×'
+    216: 114,  # 'Ø'
+    217: 113,  # 'Ù'
+    218: 112,  # 'Ú'
+    219: 111,  # 'Û'
+    220: 55,  # 'Ü'
+    221: 41,  # 'İ'
+    222: 40,  # 'Ş'
+    223: 86,  # 'ß'
+    224: 89,  # 'à'
+    225: 70,  # 'á'
+    226: 59,  # 'â'
+    227: 78,  # 'ã'
+    228: 71,  # 'ä'
+    229: 82,  # 'å'
+    230: 88,  # 'æ'
+    231: 33,  # 'ç'
+    232: 77,  # 'è'
+    233: 66,  # 'é'
+    234: 84,  # 'ê'
+    235: 83,  # 'ë'
+    236: 110,  # 'ì'
+    237: 75,  # 'í'
+    238: 61,  # 'î'
+    239: 96,  # 'ï'
+    240: 30,  # 'ğ'
+    241: 67,  # 'ñ'
+    242: 109,  # 'ò'
+    243: 74,  # 'ó'
+    244: 87,  # 'ô'
+    245: 102,  # 'õ'
+    246: 34,  # 'ö'
+    247: 95,  # '÷'
+    248: 81,  # 'ø'
+    249: 108,  # 'ù'
+    250: 76,  # 'ú'
+    251: 72,  # 'û'
+    252: 17,  # 'ü'
+    253: 6,  # 'ı'
+    254: 19,  # 'ş'
+    255: 107,  # 'ÿ'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-9",
+    language="Turkish",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=TURKISH_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.97029,
+    keep_ascii_letters=True,
+    alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVYZabcdefghijklmnoprstuvyzÂÇÎÖÛÜâçîöûüĞğİıŞş",
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/latin1prober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/latin1prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59a01d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/latin1prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+
+FREQ_CAT_NUM = 4
+
+UDF = 0  # undefined
+OTH = 1  # other
+ASC = 2  # ascii capital letter
+ASS = 3  # ascii small letter
+ACV = 4  # accent capital vowel
+ACO = 5  # accent capital other
+ASV = 6  # accent small vowel
+ASO = 7  # accent small other
+CLASS_NUM = 8  # total classes
+
+# fmt: off
+Latin1_CharToClass = (
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 00 - 07
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 08 - 0F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 10 - 17
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 18 - 1F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 20 - 27
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 28 - 2F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 30 - 37
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 38 - 3F
+    OTH, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,   # 40 - 47
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,   # 48 - 4F
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,   # 50 - 57
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 58 - 5F
+    OTH, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,   # 60 - 67
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,   # 68 - 6F
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,   # 70 - 77
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 78 - 7F
+    OTH, UDF, OTH, ASO, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 80 - 87
+    OTH, OTH, ACO, OTH, ACO, UDF, ACO, UDF,   # 88 - 8F
+    UDF, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 90 - 97
+    OTH, OTH, ASO, OTH, ASO, UDF, ASO, ACO,   # 98 - 9F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # A0 - A7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # A8 - AF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # B0 - B7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # B8 - BF
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACO, ACO,   # C0 - C7
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV,   # C8 - CF
+    ACO, ACO, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, OTH,   # D0 - D7
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACO, ACO, ACO,   # D8 - DF
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASO,   # E0 - E7
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV,   # E8 - EF
+    ASO, ASO, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, OTH,   # F0 - F7
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASO, ASO,   # F8 - FF
+)
+
+# 0 : illegal
+# 1 : very unlikely
+# 2 : normal
+# 3 : very likely
+Latin1ClassModel = (
+# UDF OTH ASC ASS ACV ACO ASV ASO
+    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  # UDF
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  # OTH
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  # ASC
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  # ASS
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  2,  1,  2,  # ACV
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  # ACO
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  1,  3,  # ASV
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  # ASO
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+
+class Latin1Prober(CharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter: List[int] = []
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter = [0] * FREQ_CAT_NUM
+        super().reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "ISO-8859-1"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        byte_str = self.remove_xml_tags(byte_str)
+        for c in byte_str:
+            char_class = Latin1_CharToClass[c]
+            freq = Latin1ClassModel[(self._last_char_class * CLASS_NUM) + char_class]
+            if freq == 0:
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            self._freq_counter[freq] += 1
+            self._last_char_class = char_class
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        if self.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            return 0.01
+
+        total = sum(self._freq_counter)
+        confidence = (
+            0.0
+            if total < 0.01
+            else (self._freq_counter[3] - self._freq_counter[1] * 20.0) / total
+        )
+        confidence = max(confidence, 0.0)
+        # lower the confidence of latin1 so that other more accurate
+        # detector can take priority.
+        confidence *= 0.73
+        return confidence
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/macromanprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/macromanprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1425d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/macromanprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# This code was modified from latin1prober.py by Rob Speer <rob@lumino.so>.
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Rob Speer - adapt to MacRoman encoding
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+
+FREQ_CAT_NUM = 4
+
+UDF = 0  # undefined
+OTH = 1  # other
+ASC = 2  # ascii capital letter
+ASS = 3  # ascii small letter
+ACV = 4  # accent capital vowel
+ACO = 5  # accent capital other
+ASV = 6  # accent small vowel
+ASO = 7  # accent small other
+ODD = 8  # character that is unlikely to appear
+CLASS_NUM = 9  # total classes
+
+# The change from Latin1 is that we explicitly look for extended characters
+# that are infrequently-occurring symbols, and consider them to always be
+# improbable. This should let MacRoman get out of the way of more likely
+# encodings in most situations.
+
+# fmt: off
+MacRoman_CharToClass = (
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 00 - 07
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 08 - 0F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 10 - 17
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 18 - 1F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 20 - 27
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 28 - 2F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 30 - 37
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 38 - 3F
+    OTH, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,  # 40 - 47
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,  # 48 - 4F
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,  # 50 - 57
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 58 - 5F
+    OTH, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,  # 60 - 67
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,  # 68 - 6F
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,  # 70 - 77
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 78 - 7F
+    ACV, ACV, ACO, ACV, ACO, ACV, ACV, ASV,  # 80 - 87
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASV, ASV,  # 88 - 8F
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASV,  # 90 - 97
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV,  # 98 - 9F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ASO,  # A0 - A7
+    OTH, OTH, ODD, ODD, OTH, OTH, ACV, ACV,  # A8 - AF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # B0 - B7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ASV, ASV,  # B8 - BF
+    OTH, OTH, ODD, OTH, ODD, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # C0 - C7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ASV,  # C8 - CF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ODD,  # D0 - D7
+    ASV, ACV, ODD, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # D8 - DF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ACV, ACV, ACV,  # E0 - E7
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV,  # E8 - EF
+    ODD, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ASV, ODD, ODD,  # F0 - F7
+    ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD,  # F8 - FF
+)
+
+# 0 : illegal
+# 1 : very unlikely
+# 2 : normal
+# 3 : very likely
+MacRomanClassModel = (
+# UDF OTH ASC ASS ACV ACO ASV ASO ODD
+    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  # UDF
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  1,  # OTH
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  1,  # ASC
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  1,  # ASS
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  2,  1,  2,  1,  # ACV
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  1,  # ACO
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  1,  3,  1,  # ASV
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  1,  # ASO
+    0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  # ODD
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+
+class MacRomanProber(CharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter: List[int] = []
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter = [0] * FREQ_CAT_NUM
+
+        # express the prior that MacRoman is a somewhat rare encoding;
+        # this can be done by starting out in a slightly improbable state
+        # that must be overcome
+        self._freq_counter[2] = 10
+
+        super().reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "MacRoman"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        byte_str = self.remove_xml_tags(byte_str)
+        for c in byte_str:
+            char_class = MacRoman_CharToClass[c]
+            freq = MacRomanClassModel[(self._last_char_class * CLASS_NUM) + char_class]
+            if freq == 0:
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            self._freq_counter[freq] += 1
+            self._last_char_class = char_class
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        if self.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            return 0.01
+
+        total = sum(self._freq_counter)
+        confidence = (
+            0.0
+            if total < 0.01
+            else (self._freq_counter[3] - self._freq_counter[1] * 20.0) / total
+        )
+        confidence = max(confidence, 0.0)
+        # lower the confidence of MacRoman so that other more accurate
+        # detector can take priority.
+        confidence *= 0.73
+        return confidence
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcharsetprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcharsetprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..666307e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcharsetprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#   Proofpoint, Inc.
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .chardistribution import CharDistributionAnalysis
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, MachineState, ProbingState
+
+
+class MultiByteCharSetProber(CharSetProber):
+    """
+    MultiByteCharSetProber
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self.distribution_analyzer: Optional[CharDistributionAnalysis] = None
+        self.coding_sm: Optional[CodingStateMachine] = None
+        self._last_char = bytearray(b"\0\0")
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        if self.coding_sm:
+            self.coding_sm.reset()
+        if self.distribution_analyzer:
+            self.distribution_analyzer.reset()
+        self._last_char = bytearray(b"\0\0")
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self.coding_sm is not None
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        for i, byte in enumerate(byte_str):
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(byte)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "%s %s prober hit error at byte %s",
+                    self.charset_name,
+                    self.language,
+                    i,
+                )
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                char_len = self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen()
+                if i == 0:
+                    self._last_char[1] = byte
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                else:
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+
+        self._last_char[0] = byte_str[-1]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.distribution_analyzer.got_enough_data() and (
+                self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD
+            ):
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+        return self.distribution_analyzer.get_confidence()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcsgroupprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcsgroupprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cb9cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcsgroupprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#   Proofpoint, Inc.
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .big5prober import Big5Prober
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .cp949prober import CP949Prober
+from .enums import LanguageFilter
+from .eucjpprober import EUCJPProber
+from .euckrprober import EUCKRProber
+from .euctwprober import EUCTWProber
+from .gb2312prober import GB2312Prober
+from .johabprober import JOHABProber
+from .sjisprober import SJISProber
+from .utf8prober import UTF8Prober
+
+
+class MBCSGroupProber(CharSetGroupProber):
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self.probers = [
+            UTF8Prober(),
+            SJISProber(),
+            EUCJPProber(),
+            GB2312Prober(),
+            EUCKRProber(),
+            CP949Prober(),
+            Big5Prober(),
+            EUCTWProber(),
+            JOHABProber(),
+        ]
+        self.reset()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcssm.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcssm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bbe97e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcssm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .codingstatemachinedict import CodingStateMachineDict
+from .enums import MachineState
+
+# BIG5
+
+# fmt: off
+BIG5_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07    #allow 0x00 as legal value
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 80 - 87
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 88 - 8f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 90 - 97
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 98 - 9f
+    4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # a0 - a7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # a8 - af
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # b0 - b7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # b8 - bf
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c0 - c7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c8 - cf
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d0 - d7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d8 - df
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e0 - e7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e8 - ef
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # f0 - f7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+BIG5_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START#10-17
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+BIG5_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 2, 0)
+
+BIG5_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": BIG5_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 5,
+    "state_table": BIG5_ST,
+    "char_len_table": BIG5_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "Big5",
+}
+
+# CP949
+# fmt: off
+CP949_CLS  = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 00 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 3f
+    1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 40 - 4f
+    4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 50 - 5f
+    1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 60 - 6f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 70 - 7f
+    0, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 80 - 8f
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 90 - 9f
+    6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8,  # a0 - af
+    7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,  # b0 - bf
+    7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0,  # f0 - ff
+)
+
+CP949_ST = (
+#cls=    0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9  # previous state =
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     4,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     6, # MachineState.START
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR, # MachineState.ERROR
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME, # MachineState.ITS_ME
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 3
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 4
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 5
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 6
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+CP949_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2)
+
+CP949_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": CP949_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 10,
+    "state_table": CP949_ST,
+    "char_len_table": CP949_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "CP949",
+}
+
+# EUC-JP
+# fmt: off
+EUCJP_CLS = (
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 00 - 07
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5,  # 08 - 0f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 10 - 17
+    4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 18 - 1f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 20 - 27
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 28 - 2f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 30 - 37
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 38 - 3f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 40 - 47
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 48 - 4f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 50 - 57
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 58 - 5f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 60 - 67
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 68 - 6f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 70 - 77
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 78 - 7f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 80 - 87
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 3,  # 88 - 8f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 90 - 97
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 98 - 9f
+    5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e0 - e7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e8 - ef
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # f0 - f7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+EUCJP_ST = (
+          3,     4,     3,     5,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+     MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     3,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+          3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START#20-27
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+EUCJP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 0)
+
+EUCJP_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": EUCJP_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": EUCJP_ST,
+    "char_len_table": EUCJP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "EUC-JP",
+}
+
+# EUC-KR
+# fmt: off
+EUCKR_CLS  = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 40 - 47
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 48 - 4f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 50 - 57
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 58 - 5f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 60 - 67
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 68 - 6f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 70 - 77
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+EUCKR_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #08-0f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+EUCKR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 2, 0)
+
+EUCKR_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": EUCKR_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 4,
+    "state_table": EUCKR_ST,
+    "char_len_table": EUCKR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "EUC-KR",
+}
+
+# JOHAB
+# fmt: off
+JOHAB_CLS = (
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 00 - 07
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,  # 08 - 0f
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 10 - 17
+    4,4,4,0,4,4,4,4,  # 18 - 1f
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 20 - 27
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 28 - 2f
+    4,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,  # 30 - 37
+    3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,  # 38 - 3f
+    3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 40 - 47
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 48 - 4f
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 50 - 57
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 58 - 5f
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 60 - 67
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 68 - 6f
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 70 - 77
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,  # 78 - 7f
+    6,6,6,6,8,8,8,8,  # 80 - 87
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,  # 88 - 8f
+    8,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # 90 - 97
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # 98 - 9f
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # a0 - a7
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # a8 - af
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # b0 - b7
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # b8 - bf
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # c0 - c7
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # c8 - cf
+    7,7,7,7,5,5,5,5,  # d0 - d7
+    5,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,  # d8 - df
+    9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,  # e0 - e7
+    9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,  # e8 - ef
+    9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,  # f0 - f7
+    9,9,5,5,5,5,5,0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+JOHAB_ST = (
+# cls = 0                   1                   2                   3                   4                   5                   6                   7                   8                   9
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,3                  ,3                  ,4                  ,  # MachineState.START
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,  # MachineState.ITS_ME
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,  # MachineState.ERROR
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,  # 3
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,  # 4
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+JOHAB_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2)
+
+JOHAB_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": JOHAB_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 10,
+    "state_table": JOHAB_ST,
+    "char_len_table": JOHAB_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "Johab",
+}
+
+# EUC-TW
+# fmt: off
+EUCTW_CLS = (
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 00 - 07
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 10 - 17
+    2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 18 - 1f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 20 - 27
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 28 - 2f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 30 - 37
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # a0 - a7
+    5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # a8 - af
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b0 - b7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b8 - bf
+    1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c0 - c7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c8 - cf
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d0 - d7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d8 - df
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e0 - e7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e8 - ef
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # f0 - f7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+EUCTW_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,     3,     3,     3,     4,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+    MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+         5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,#20-27
+    MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #28-2f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+EUCTW_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3)
+
+EUCTW_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": EUCTW_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 7,
+    "state_table": EUCTW_ST,
+    "char_len_table": EUCTW_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "x-euc-tw",
+}
+
+# GB2312
+# fmt: off
+GB2312_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 30 - 37
+    3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4,  # 78 - 7f
+    5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 80 - 87
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 88 - 8f
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 90 - 97
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 98 - 9f
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # a0 - a7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # a8 - af
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # b0 - b7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # b8 - bf
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c0 - c7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c8 - cf
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d0 - d7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d8 - df
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # e0 - e7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # e8 - ef
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # f0 - f7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+GB2312_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,#10-17
+         4,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,#20-27
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #28-2f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+# To be accurate, the length of class 6 can be either 2 or 4.
+# But it is not necessary to discriminate between the two since
+# it is used for frequency analysis only, and we are validating
+# each code range there as well. So it is safe to set it to be
+# 2 here.
+GB2312_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2)
+
+GB2312_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": GB2312_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 7,
+    "state_table": GB2312_ST,
+    "char_len_table": GB2312_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "GB2312",
+}
+
+# Shift_JIS
+# fmt: off
+SJIS_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3,  # 80 - 87
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 88 - 8f
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 90 - 97
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 98 - 9f
+    #0xa0 is illegal in sjis encoding, but some pages does
+    #contain such byte. We need to be more error forgiven.
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e0 - e7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4,  # e8 - ef
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # f0 - f7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+SJIS_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #10-17
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+SJIS_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0)
+
+SJIS_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": SJIS_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": SJIS_ST,
+    "char_len_table": SJIS_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "Shift_JIS",
+}
+
+# UCS2-BE
+# fmt: off
+UCS2BE_CLS = (
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a0 - a7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a8 - af
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b0 - b7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b8 - bf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c0 - c7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c8 - cf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d0 - d7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d8 - df
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e0 - e7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e8 - ef
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # f0 - f7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+UCS2BE_ST  = (
+          5,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,     4,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+     MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,     6,     6,     6,     6,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+          6,     6,     6,     6,     6,MachineState.ITS_ME,     6,     6,#18-1f
+          6,     6,     6,     6,     5,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,#20-27
+          5,     8,     6,     6,MachineState.ERROR,     6,     6,     6,#28-2f
+          6,     6,     6,     6,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #30-37
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+UCS2BE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2)
+
+UCS2BE_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": UCS2BE_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": UCS2BE_ST,
+    "char_len_table": UCS2BE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "UTF-16BE",
+}
+
+# UCS2-LE
+# fmt: off
+UCS2LE_CLS = (
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a0 - a7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a8 - af
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b0 - b7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b8 - bf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c0 - c7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c8 - cf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d0 - d7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d8 - df
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e0 - e7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e8 - ef
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # f0 - f7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+UCS2LE_ST = (
+          6,     6,     7,     6,     4,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+     MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+          5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     6,     6,#18-1f
+          7,     6,     8,     8,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,#20-27
+          5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,     5,#28-2f
+          5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #30-37
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+UCS2LE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2)
+
+UCS2LE_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": UCS2LE_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": UCS2LE_ST,
+    "char_len_table": UCS2LE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "UTF-16LE",
+}
+
+# UTF-8
+# fmt: off
+UTF8_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07  #allow 0x00 as a legal value
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 40 - 47
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 48 - 4f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 50 - 57
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 58 - 5f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 60 - 67
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 68 - 6f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 70 - 77
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 80 - 87
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 88 - 8f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 90 - 97
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 98 - 9f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # a0 - a7
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # a8 - af
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # b0 - b7
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # b8 - bf
+    0, 0, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c0 - c7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c8 - cf
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d0 - d7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d8 - df
+    7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,  # e0 - e7
+    8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 8, 8,  # e8 - ef
+    10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,  # f0 - f7
+    12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0    # f8 - ff
+)
+
+UTF8_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     12,   10,#00-07
+         9,     11,     8,     7,     6,     5,     4,    3,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#20-27
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#28-2f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#30-37
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#38-3f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#40-47
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#48-4f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     7,     7,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#50-57
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#58-5f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#60-67
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#68-6f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     9,     9,     9,     9,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#70-77
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#78-7f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     9,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#80-87
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#88-8f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,    12,    12,    12,    12,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#90-97
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#98-9f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,    12,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#a0-a7
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#a8-af
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,    12,    12,    12,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#b0-b7
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#b8-bf
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#c0-c7
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR #c8-cf
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+UTF8_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6)
+
+UTF8_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": UTF8_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 16,
+    "state_table": UTF8_ST,
+    "char_len_table": UTF8_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "UTF-8",
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__init__.py
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__pycache__/languages.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__pycache__/languages.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/languages.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/languages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb40c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/languages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+"""
+Metadata about languages used by our model training code for our
+SingleByteCharSetProbers.  Could be used for other things in the future.
+
+This code is based on the language metadata from the uchardet project.
+"""
+
+from string import ascii_letters
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+# TODO: Add Ukrainian (KOI8-U)
+
+
+class Language:
+    """Metadata about a language useful for training models
+
+    :ivar name: The human name for the language, in English.
+    :type name: str
+    :ivar iso_code: 2-letter ISO 639-1 if possible, 3-letter ISO code otherwise,
+                    or use another catalog as a last resort.
+    :type iso_code: str
+    :ivar use_ascii: Whether or not ASCII letters should be included in trained
+                     models.
+    :type use_ascii: bool
+    :ivar charsets: The charsets we want to support and create data for.
+    :type charsets: list of str
+    :ivar alphabet: The characters in the language's alphabet. If `use_ascii` is
+                    `True`, you only need to add those not in the ASCII set.
+    :type alphabet: str
+    :ivar wiki_start_pages: The Wikipedia pages to start from if we're crawling
+                            Wikipedia for training data.
+    :type wiki_start_pages: list of str
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        iso_code: Optional[str] = None,
+        use_ascii: bool = True,
+        charsets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        alphabet: Optional[str] = None,
+        wiki_start_pages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.name = name
+        self.iso_code = iso_code
+        self.use_ascii = use_ascii
+        self.charsets = charsets
+        if self.use_ascii:
+            if alphabet:
+                alphabet += ascii_letters
+            else:
+                alphabet = ascii_letters
+        elif not alphabet:
+            raise ValueError("Must supply alphabet if use_ascii is False")
+        self.alphabet = "".join(sorted(set(alphabet))) if alphabet else None
+        self.wiki_start_pages = wiki_start_pages
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        param_str = ", ".join(
+            f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith("_")
+        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({param_str})"
+
+
+LANGUAGES = {
+    "Arabic": Language(
+        name="Arabic",
+        iso_code="ar",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        # We only support encodings that use isolated
+        # forms, because the current recommendation is
+        # that the rendering system handles presentation
+        # forms. This means we purposefully skip IBM864.
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-6", "WINDOWS-1256", "CP720", "CP864"],
+        alphabet="ءآأؤإئابةتثجحخدذرزسشصضطظعغػؼؽؾؿـفقكلمنهوىيًٌٍَُِّ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["الصفحة_الرئيسية"],
+    ),
+    "Belarusian": Language(
+        name="Belarusian",
+        iso_code="be",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "IBM866", "MacCyrillic"],
+        alphabet="АБВГДЕЁЖЗІЙКЛМНОПРСТУЎФХЦЧШЫЬЭЮЯабвгдеёжзійклмнопрстуўфхцчшыьэюяʼ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Галоўная_старонка"],
+    ),
+    "Bulgarian": Language(
+        name="Bulgarian",
+        iso_code="bg",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "IBM855"],
+        alphabet="АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюя",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Начална_страница"],
+    ),
+    "Czech": Language(
+        name="Czech",
+        iso_code="cz",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="áčďéěíňóřšťúůýžÁČĎÉĚÍŇÓŘŠŤÚŮÝŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Hlavní_strana"],
+    ),
+    "Danish": Language(
+        name="Danish",
+        iso_code="da",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="æøåÆØÅ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Forside"],
+    ),
+    "German": Language(
+        name="German",
+        iso_code="de",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="äöüßẞÄÖÜ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Hauptseite"],
+    ),
+    "Greek": Language(
+        name="Greek",
+        iso_code="el",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-7", "WINDOWS-1253"],
+        alphabet="αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρσςτυφχψωάέήίόύώΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΆΈΉΊΌΎΏ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Πύλη:Κύρια"],
+    ),
+    "English": Language(
+        name="English",
+        iso_code="en",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        wiki_start_pages=["Main_Page"],
+    ),
+    "Esperanto": Language(
+        name="Esperanto",
+        iso_code="eo",
+        # Q, W, X, and Y not used at all
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-3"],
+        alphabet="abcĉdefgĝhĥijĵklmnoprsŝtuŭvzABCĈDEFGĜHĤIJĴKLMNOPRSŜTUŬVZ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Vikipedio:Ĉefpaĝo"],
+    ),
+    "Spanish": Language(
+        name="Spanish",
+        iso_code="es",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ñáéíóúüÑÁÉÍÓÚÜ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Portada"],
+    ),
+    "Estonian": Language(
+        name="Estonian",
+        iso_code="et",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-4", "ISO-8859-13", "WINDOWS-1257"],
+        # C, F, Š, Q, W, X, Y, Z, Ž are only for
+        # loanwords
+        alphabet="ABDEGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVÕÄÖÜabdeghijklmnoprstuvõäöü",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Esileht"],
+    ),
+    "Finnish": Language(
+        name="Finnish",
+        iso_code="fi",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ÅÄÖŠŽåäöšž",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Etusivu"],
+    ),
+    "French": Language(
+        name="French",
+        iso_code="fr",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="œàâçèéîïùûêŒÀÂÇÈÉÎÏÙÛÊ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipédia:Accueil_principal", "Bœuf (animal)"],
+    ),
+    "Hebrew": Language(
+        name="Hebrew",
+        iso_code="he",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-8", "WINDOWS-1255"],
+        alphabet="אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשתװױײ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["עמוד_ראשי"],
+    ),
+    "Croatian": Language(
+        name="Croatian",
+        iso_code="hr",
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="abcčćdđefghijklmnoprsštuvzžABCČĆDĐEFGHIJKLMNOPRSŠTUVZŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Glavna_stranica"],
+    ),
+    "Hungarian": Language(
+        name="Hungarian",
+        iso_code="hu",
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="abcdefghijklmnoprstuvzáéíóöőúüűABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVZÁÉÍÓÖŐÚÜŰ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Kezdőlap"],
+    ),
+    "Italian": Language(
+        name="Italian",
+        iso_code="it",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ÀÈÉÌÒÓÙàèéìòóù",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Pagina_principale"],
+    ),
+    "Lithuanian": Language(
+        name="Lithuanian",
+        iso_code="lt",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-13", "WINDOWS-1257", "ISO-8859-4"],
+        # Q, W, and X not used at all
+        alphabet="AĄBCČDEĘĖFGHIĮYJKLMNOPRSŠTUŲŪVZŽaąbcčdeęėfghiįyjklmnoprsštuųūvzž",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Pagrindinis_puslapis"],
+    ),
+    "Latvian": Language(
+        name="Latvian",
+        iso_code="lv",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-13", "WINDOWS-1257", "ISO-8859-4"],
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only for loanwords
+        alphabet="AĀBCČDEĒFGĢHIĪJKĶLĻMNŅOPRSŠTUŪVZŽaābcčdeēfgģhiījkķlļmnņoprsštuūvzž",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Sākumlapa"],
+    ),
+    "Macedonian": Language(
+        name="Macedonian",
+        iso_code="mk",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "MacCyrillic", "IBM855"],
+        alphabet="АБВГДЃЕЖЗЅИЈКЛЉМНЊОПРСТЌУФХЦЧЏШабвгдѓежзѕијклљмнњопрстќуфхцчџш",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Главна_страница"],
+    ),
+    "Dutch": Language(
+        name="Dutch",
+        iso_code="nl",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        wiki_start_pages=["Hoofdpagina"],
+    ),
+    "Polish": Language(
+        name="Polish",
+        iso_code="pl",
+        # Q and X are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="AĄBCĆDEĘFGHIJKLŁMNŃOÓPRSŚTUWYZŹŻaąbcćdeęfghijklłmnńoóprsśtuwyzźż",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Strona_główna"],
+    ),
+    "Portuguese": Language(
+        name="Portuguese",
+        iso_code="pt",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ÁÂÃÀÇÉÊÍÓÔÕÚáâãàçéêíóôõú",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipédia:Página_principal"],
+    ),
+    "Romanian": Language(
+        name="Romanian",
+        iso_code="ro",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="ăâîșțĂÂÎȘȚ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Pagina_principală"],
+    ),
+    "Russian": Language(
+        name="Russian",
+        iso_code="ru",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=[
+            "ISO-8859-5",
+            "WINDOWS-1251",
+            "KOI8-R",
+            "MacCyrillic",
+            "IBM866",
+            "IBM855",
+        ],
+        alphabet="абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяАБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Заглавная_страница"],
+    ),
+    "Slovak": Language(
+        name="Slovak",
+        iso_code="sk",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="áäčďéíĺľňóôŕšťúýžÁÄČĎÉÍĹĽŇÓÔŔŠŤÚÝŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Hlavná_stránka"],
+    ),
+    "Slovene": Language(
+        name="Slovene",
+        iso_code="sl",
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="abcčdefghijklmnoprsštuvzžABCČDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSŠTUVZŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Glavna_stran"],
+    ),
+    # Serbian can be written in both Latin and Cyrillic, but there's no
+    # simple way to get the Latin alphabet pages from Wikipedia through
+    # the API, so for now we just support Cyrillic.
+    "Serbian": Language(
+        name="Serbian",
+        iso_code="sr",
+        alphabet="АБВГДЂЕЖЗИЈКЛЉМНЊОПРСТЋУФХЦЧЏШабвгдђежзијклљмнњопрстћуфхцчџш",
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "MacCyrillic", "IBM855"],
+        wiki_start_pages=["Главна_страна"],
+    ),
+    "Thai": Language(
+        name="Thai",
+        iso_code="th",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-11", "TIS-620", "CP874"],
+        alphabet="กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛",
+        wiki_start_pages=["หน้าหลัก"],
+    ),
+    "Turkish": Language(
+        name="Turkish",
+        iso_code="tr",
+        # Q, W, and X are not used by Turkish
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-3", "ISO-8859-9", "WINDOWS-1254"],
+        alphabet="abcçdefgğhıijklmnoöprsştuüvyzâîûABCÇDEFGĞHIİJKLMNOÖPRSŞTUÜVYZÂÎÛ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Ana_Sayfa"],
+    ),
+    "Vietnamese": Language(
+        name="Vietnamese",
+        iso_code="vi",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        # Windows-1258 is the only common 8-bit
+        # Vietnamese encoding supported by Python.
+        # From Wikipedia:
+        # For systems that lack support for Unicode,
+        # dozens of 8-bit Vietnamese code pages are
+        # available.[1] The most common are VISCII
+        # (TCVN 5712:1993), VPS, and Windows-1258.[3]
+        # Where ASCII is required, such as when
+        # ensuring readability in plain text e-mail,
+        # Vietnamese letters are often encoded
+        # according to Vietnamese Quoted-Readable
+        # (VIQR) or VSCII Mnemonic (VSCII-MNEM),[4]
+        # though usage of either variable-width
+        # scheme has declined dramatically following
+        # the adoption of Unicode on the World Wide
+        # Web.
+        charsets=["WINDOWS-1258"],
+        alphabet="aăâbcdđeêghiklmnoôơpqrstuưvxyAĂÂBCDĐEÊGHIKLMNOÔƠPQRSTUƯVXY",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Chữ_Quốc_ngữ"],
+    ),
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/resultdict.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/resultdict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d36e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/resultdict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TypedDict was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove the else block and TYPE_CHECKING check when dropping support
+    # for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class ResultDict(TypedDict):
+        encoding: Optional[str]
+        confidence: float
+        language: Optional[str]
+
+else:
+    ResultDict = dict
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcharsetprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcharsetprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ffbcdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcharsetprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import CharacterCategory, ProbingState, SequenceLikelihood
+
+
+class SingleByteCharSetModel(NamedTuple):
+    charset_name: str
+    language: str
+    char_to_order_map: Dict[int, int]
+    language_model: Dict[int, Dict[int, int]]
+    typical_positive_ratio: float
+    keep_ascii_letters: bool
+    alphabet: str
+
+
+class SingleByteCharSetProber(CharSetProber):
+    SAMPLE_SIZE = 64
+    SB_ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD = 1024  # 0.25 * SAMPLE_SIZE^2
+    POSITIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD = 0.95
+    NEGATIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD = 0.05
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model: SingleByteCharSetModel,
+        is_reversed: bool = False,
+        name_prober: Optional[CharSetProber] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._model = model
+        # TRUE if we need to reverse every pair in the model lookup
+        self._reversed = is_reversed
+        # Optional auxiliary prober for name decision
+        self._name_prober = name_prober
+        self._last_order = 255
+        self._seq_counters: List[int] = []
+        self._total_seqs = 0
+        self._total_char = 0
+        self._control_char = 0
+        self._freq_char = 0
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        # char order of last character
+        self._last_order = 255
+        self._seq_counters = [0] * SequenceLikelihood.get_num_categories()
+        self._total_seqs = 0
+        self._total_char = 0
+        self._control_char = 0
+        # characters that fall in our sampling range
+        self._freq_char = 0
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._name_prober:
+            return self._name_prober.charset_name
+        return self._model.charset_name
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._name_prober:
+            return self._name_prober.language
+        return self._model.language
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        # TODO: Make filter_international_words keep things in self.alphabet
+        if not self._model.keep_ascii_letters:
+            byte_str = self.filter_international_words(byte_str)
+        else:
+            byte_str = self.remove_xml_tags(byte_str)
+        if not byte_str:
+            return self.state
+        char_to_order_map = self._model.char_to_order_map
+        language_model = self._model.language_model
+        for char in byte_str:
+            order = char_to_order_map.get(char, CharacterCategory.UNDEFINED)
+            # XXX: This was SYMBOL_CAT_ORDER before, with a value of 250, but
+            #      CharacterCategory.SYMBOL is actually 253, so we use CONTROL
+            #      to make it closer to the original intent. The only difference
+            #      is whether or not we count digits and control characters for
+            #      _total_char purposes.
+            if order < CharacterCategory.CONTROL:
+                self._total_char += 1
+            if order < self.SAMPLE_SIZE:
+                self._freq_char += 1
+                if self._last_order < self.SAMPLE_SIZE:
+                    self._total_seqs += 1
+                    if not self._reversed:
+                        lm_cat = language_model[self._last_order][order]
+                    else:
+                        lm_cat = language_model[order][self._last_order]
+                    self._seq_counters[lm_cat] += 1
+            self._last_order = order
+
+        charset_name = self._model.charset_name
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self._total_seqs > self.SB_ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD:
+                confidence = self.get_confidence()
+                if confidence > self.POSITIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD:
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        "%s confidence = %s, we have a winner", charset_name, confidence
+                    )
+                    self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                elif confidence < self.NEGATIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD:
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        "%s confidence = %s, below negative shortcut threshold %s",
+                        charset_name,
+                        confidence,
+                        self.NEGATIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD,
+                    )
+                    self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        r = 0.01
+        if self._total_seqs > 0:
+            r = (
+                (
+                    self._seq_counters[SequenceLikelihood.POSITIVE]
+                    + 0.25 * self._seq_counters[SequenceLikelihood.LIKELY]
+                )
+                / self._total_seqs
+                / self._model.typical_positive_ratio
+            )
+            # The more control characters (proportionnaly to the size
+            # of the text), the less confident we become in the current
+            # charset.
+            r = r * (self._total_char - self._control_char) / self._total_char
+            r = r * self._freq_char / self._total_char
+            if r >= 1.0:
+                r = 0.99
+        return r
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcsgroupprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcsgroupprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..890ae84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcsgroupprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .hebrewprober import HebrewProber
+from .langbulgarianmodel import ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_MODEL, WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_MODEL
+from .langgreekmodel import ISO_8859_7_GREEK_MODEL, WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_MODEL
+from .langhebrewmodel import WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL
+
+# from .langhungarianmodel import (ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_MODEL,
+#                                  WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_MODEL)
+from .langrussianmodel import (
+    IBM855_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    IBM866_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+)
+from .langthaimodel import TIS_620_THAI_MODEL
+from .langturkishmodel import ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_MODEL
+from .sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetProber
+
+
+class SBCSGroupProber(CharSetGroupProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        hebrew_prober = HebrewProber()
+        logical_hebrew_prober = SingleByteCharSetProber(
+            WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL, is_reversed=False, name_prober=hebrew_prober
+        )
+        # TODO: See if using ISO-8859-8 Hebrew model works better here, since
+        #       it's actually the visual one
+        visual_hebrew_prober = SingleByteCharSetProber(
+            WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL, is_reversed=True, name_prober=hebrew_prober
+        )
+        hebrew_prober.set_model_probers(logical_hebrew_prober, visual_hebrew_prober)
+        # TODO: ORDER MATTERS HERE. I changed the order vs what was in master
+        #       and several tests failed that did not before. Some thought
+        #       should be put into the ordering, and we should consider making
+        #       order not matter here, because that is very counter-intuitive.
+        self.probers = [
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(IBM866_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(IBM855_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_7_GREEK_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_MODEL),
+            # TODO: Restore Hungarian encodings (iso-8859-2 and windows-1250)
+            #       after we retrain model.
+            # SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_MODEL),
+            # SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(TIS_620_THAI_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_MODEL),
+            hebrew_prober,
+            logical_hebrew_prober,
+            visual_hebrew_prober,
+        ]
+        self.reset()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sjisprober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sjisprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91df077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sjisprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Union
+
+from .chardistribution import SJISDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import MachineState, ProbingState
+from .jpcntx import SJISContextAnalysis
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import SJIS_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class SJISProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(SJIS_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = SJISDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.context_analyzer = SJISContextAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.context_analyzer.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.context_analyzer.charset_name
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Japanese"
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self.coding_sm is not None
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        for i, byte in enumerate(byte_str):
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(byte)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "%s %s prober hit error at byte %s",
+                    self.charset_name,
+                    self.language,
+                    i,
+                )
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                char_len = self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen()
+                if i == 0:
+                    self._last_char[1] = byte
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(
+                        self._last_char[2 - char_len :], char_len
+                    )
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                else:
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(
+                        byte_str[i + 1 - char_len : i + 3 - char_len], char_len
+                    )
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+
+        self._last_char[0] = byte_str[-1]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.context_analyzer.got_enough_data() and (
+                self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD
+            ):
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        context_conf = self.context_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        distrib_conf = self.distribution_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        return max(context_conf, distrib_conf)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/universaldetector.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/universaldetector.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c441d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/universaldetector.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+"""
+Module containing the UniversalDetector detector class, which is the primary
+class a user of ``chardet`` should use.
+
+:author: Mark Pilgrim (initial port to Python)
+:author: Shy Shalom (original C code)
+:author: Dan Blanchard (major refactoring for 3.0)
+:author: Ian Cordasco
+"""
+
+
+import codecs
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import InputState, LanguageFilter, ProbingState
+from .escprober import EscCharSetProber
+from .latin1prober import Latin1Prober
+from .macromanprober import MacRomanProber
+from .mbcsgroupprober import MBCSGroupProber
+from .resultdict import ResultDict
+from .sbcsgroupprober import SBCSGroupProber
+from .utf1632prober import UTF1632Prober
+
+
+class UniversalDetector:
+    """
+    The ``UniversalDetector`` class underlies the ``chardet.detect`` function
+    and coordinates all of the different charset probers.
+
+    To get a ``dict`` containing an encoding and its confidence, you can simply
+    run:
+
+    .. code::
+
+            u = UniversalDetector()
+            u.feed(some_bytes)
+            u.close()
+            detected = u.result
+
+    """
+
+    MINIMUM_THRESHOLD = 0.20
+    HIGH_BYTE_DETECTOR = re.compile(b"[\x80-\xFF]")
+    ESC_DETECTOR = re.compile(b"(\033|~{)")
+    WIN_BYTE_DETECTOR = re.compile(b"[\x80-\x9F]")
+    ISO_WIN_MAP = {
+        "iso-8859-1": "Windows-1252",
+        "iso-8859-2": "Windows-1250",
+        "iso-8859-5": "Windows-1251",
+        "iso-8859-6": "Windows-1256",
+        "iso-8859-7": "Windows-1253",
+        "iso-8859-8": "Windows-1255",
+        "iso-8859-9": "Windows-1254",
+        "iso-8859-13": "Windows-1257",
+    }
+    # Based on https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels
+    # but altered to match Python names for encodings and remove mappings
+    # that break tests.
+    LEGACY_MAP = {
+        "ascii": "Windows-1252",
+        "iso-8859-1": "Windows-1252",
+        "tis-620": "ISO-8859-11",
+        "iso-8859-9": "Windows-1254",
+        "gb2312": "GB18030",
+        "euc-kr": "CP949",
+        "utf-16le": "UTF-16",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.ALL,
+        should_rename_legacy: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._esc_charset_prober: Optional[EscCharSetProber] = None
+        self._utf1632_prober: Optional[UTF1632Prober] = None
+        self._charset_probers: List[CharSetProber] = []
+        self.result: ResultDict = {
+            "encoding": None,
+            "confidence": 0.0,
+            "language": None,
+        }
+        self.done = False
+        self._got_data = False
+        self._input_state = InputState.PURE_ASCII
+        self._last_char = b""
+        self.lang_filter = lang_filter
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self._has_win_bytes = False
+        self.should_rename_legacy = should_rename_legacy
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def input_state(self) -> int:
+        return self._input_state
+
+    @property
+    def has_win_bytes(self) -> bool:
+        return self._has_win_bytes
+
+    @property
+    def charset_probers(self) -> List[CharSetProber]:
+        return self._charset_probers
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Reset the UniversalDetector and all of its probers back to their
+        initial states.  This is called by ``__init__``, so you only need to
+        call this directly in between analyses of different documents.
+        """
+        self.result = {"encoding": None, "confidence": 0.0, "language": None}
+        self.done = False
+        self._got_data = False
+        self._has_win_bytes = False
+        self._input_state = InputState.PURE_ASCII
+        self._last_char = b""
+        if self._esc_charset_prober:
+            self._esc_charset_prober.reset()
+        if self._utf1632_prober:
+            self._utf1632_prober.reset()
+        for prober in self._charset_probers:
+            prober.reset()
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+        """
+        Takes a chunk of a document and feeds it through all of the relevant
+        charset probers.
+
+        After calling ``feed``, you can check the value of the ``done``
+        attribute to see if you need to continue feeding the
+        ``UniversalDetector`` more data, or if it has made a prediction
+        (in the ``result`` attribute).
+
+        .. note::
+           You should always call ``close`` when you're done feeding in your
+           document if ``done`` is not already ``True``.
+        """
+        if self.done:
+            return
+
+        if not byte_str:
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(byte_str, bytearray):
+            byte_str = bytearray(byte_str)
+
+        # First check for known BOMs, since these are guaranteed to be correct
+        if not self._got_data:
+            # If the data starts with BOM, we know it is UTF
+            if byte_str.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF8):
+                # EF BB BF  UTF-8 with BOM
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": "UTF-8-SIG",
+                    "confidence": 1.0,
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+            elif byte_str.startswith((codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE)):
+                # FF FE 00 00  UTF-32, little-endian BOM
+                # 00 00 FE FF  UTF-32, big-endian BOM
+                self.result = {"encoding": "UTF-32", "confidence": 1.0, "language": ""}
+            elif byte_str.startswith(b"\xFE\xFF\x00\x00"):
+                # FE FF 00 00  UCS-4, unusual octet order BOM (3412)
+                self.result = {
+                    # TODO: This encoding is not supported by Python. Should remove?
+                    "encoding": "X-ISO-10646-UCS-4-3412",
+                    "confidence": 1.0,
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+            elif byte_str.startswith(b"\x00\x00\xFF\xFE"):
+                # 00 00 FF FE  UCS-4, unusual octet order BOM (2143)
+                self.result = {
+                    # TODO: This encoding is not supported by Python. Should remove?
+                    "encoding": "X-ISO-10646-UCS-4-2143",
+                    "confidence": 1.0,
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+            elif byte_str.startswith((codecs.BOM_LE, codecs.BOM_BE)):
+                # FF FE  UTF-16, little endian BOM
+                # FE FF  UTF-16, big endian BOM
+                self.result = {"encoding": "UTF-16", "confidence": 1.0, "language": ""}
+
+            self._got_data = True
+            if self.result["encoding"] is not None:
+                self.done = True
+                return
+
+        # If none of those matched and we've only see ASCII so far, check
+        # for high bytes and escape sequences
+        if self._input_state == InputState.PURE_ASCII:
+            if self.HIGH_BYTE_DETECTOR.search(byte_str):
+                self._input_state = InputState.HIGH_BYTE
+            elif (
+                self._input_state == InputState.PURE_ASCII
+                and self.ESC_DETECTOR.search(self._last_char + byte_str)
+            ):
+                self._input_state = InputState.ESC_ASCII
+
+        self._last_char = byte_str[-1:]
+
+        # next we will look to see if it is appears to be either a UTF-16 or
+        # UTF-32 encoding
+        if not self._utf1632_prober:
+            self._utf1632_prober = UTF1632Prober()
+
+        if self._utf1632_prober.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self._utf1632_prober.feed(byte_str) == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": self._utf1632_prober.charset_name,
+                    "confidence": self._utf1632_prober.get_confidence(),
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+                self.done = True
+                return
+
+        # If we've seen escape sequences, use the EscCharSetProber, which
+        # uses a simple state machine to check for known escape sequences in
+        # HZ and ISO-2022 encodings, since those are the only encodings that
+        # use such sequences.
+        if self._input_state == InputState.ESC_ASCII:
+            if not self._esc_charset_prober:
+                self._esc_charset_prober = EscCharSetProber(self.lang_filter)
+            if self._esc_charset_prober.feed(byte_str) == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": self._esc_charset_prober.charset_name,
+                    "confidence": self._esc_charset_prober.get_confidence(),
+                    "language": self._esc_charset_prober.language,
+                }
+                self.done = True
+        # If we've seen high bytes (i.e., those with values greater than 127),
+        # we need to do more complicated checks using all our multi-byte and
+        # single-byte probers that are left.  The single-byte probers
+        # use character bigram distributions to determine the encoding, whereas
+        # the multi-byte probers use a combination of character unigram and
+        # bigram distributions.
+        elif self._input_state == InputState.HIGH_BYTE:
+            if not self._charset_probers:
+                self._charset_probers = [MBCSGroupProber(self.lang_filter)]
+                # If we're checking non-CJK encodings, use single-byte prober
+                if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.NON_CJK:
+                    self._charset_probers.append(SBCSGroupProber())
+                self._charset_probers.append(Latin1Prober())
+                self._charset_probers.append(MacRomanProber())
+            for prober in self._charset_probers:
+                if prober.feed(byte_str) == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                    self.result = {
+                        "encoding": prober.charset_name,
+                        "confidence": prober.get_confidence(),
+                        "language": prober.language,
+                    }
+                    self.done = True
+                    break
+            if self.WIN_BYTE_DETECTOR.search(byte_str):
+                self._has_win_bytes = True
+
+    def close(self) -> ResultDict:
+        """
+        Stop analyzing the current document and come up with a final
+        prediction.
+
+        :returns:  The ``result`` attribute, a ``dict`` with the keys
+                   `encoding`, `confidence`, and `language`.
+        """
+        # Don't bother with checks if we're already done
+        if self.done:
+            return self.result
+        self.done = True
+
+        if not self._got_data:
+            self.logger.debug("no data received!")
+
+        # Default to ASCII if it is all we've seen so far
+        elif self._input_state == InputState.PURE_ASCII:
+            self.result = {"encoding": "ascii", "confidence": 1.0, "language": ""}
+
+        # If we have seen non-ASCII, return the best that met MINIMUM_THRESHOLD
+        elif self._input_state == InputState.HIGH_BYTE:
+            prober_confidence = None
+            max_prober_confidence = 0.0
+            max_prober = None
+            for prober in self._charset_probers:
+                if not prober:
+                    continue
+                prober_confidence = prober.get_confidence()
+                if prober_confidence > max_prober_confidence:
+                    max_prober_confidence = prober_confidence
+                    max_prober = prober
+            if max_prober and (max_prober_confidence > self.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD):
+                charset_name = max_prober.charset_name
+                assert charset_name is not None
+                lower_charset_name = charset_name.lower()
+                confidence = max_prober.get_confidence()
+                # Use Windows encoding name instead of ISO-8859 if we saw any
+                # extra Windows-specific bytes
+                if lower_charset_name.startswith("iso-8859"):
+                    if self._has_win_bytes:
+                        charset_name = self.ISO_WIN_MAP.get(
+                            lower_charset_name, charset_name
+                        )
+                # Rename legacy encodings with superset encodings if asked
+                if self.should_rename_legacy:
+                    charset_name = self.LEGACY_MAP.get(
+                        (charset_name or "").lower(), charset_name
+                    )
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": charset_name,
+                    "confidence": confidence,
+                    "language": max_prober.language,
+                }
+
+        # Log all prober confidences if none met MINIMUM_THRESHOLD
+        if self.logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
+            if self.result["encoding"] is None:
+                self.logger.debug("no probers hit minimum threshold")
+                for group_prober in self._charset_probers:
+                    if not group_prober:
+                        continue
+                    if isinstance(group_prober, CharSetGroupProber):
+                        for prober in group_prober.probers:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                "%s %s confidence = %s",
+                                prober.charset_name,
+                                prober.language,
+                                prober.get_confidence(),
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "%s %s confidence = %s",
+                            group_prober.charset_name,
+                            group_prober.language,
+                            group_prober.get_confidence(),
+                        )
+        return self.result
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf1632prober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf1632prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bdec63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf1632prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Jason Zavaglia
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+
+
+class UTF1632Prober(CharSetProber):
+    """
+    This class simply looks for occurrences of zero bytes, and infers
+    whether the file is UTF16 or UTF32 (low-endian or big-endian)
+    For instance, files looking like ( \0 \0 \0 [nonzero] )+
+    have a good probability to be UTF32BE.  Files looking like ( \0 [nonzero] )+
+    may be guessed to be UTF16BE, and inversely for little-endian varieties.
+    """
+
+    # how many logical characters to scan before feeling confident of prediction
+    MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION = 20
+    # a fixed constant ratio of expected zeros or non-zeros in modulo-position.
+    EXPECTED_RATIO = 0.94
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.position = 0
+        self.zeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self.nonzeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.quad = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+        self.invalid_utf16be = False
+        self.invalid_utf16le = False
+        self.invalid_utf32be = False
+        self.invalid_utf32le = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = False
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.position = 0
+        self.zeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self.nonzeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.invalid_utf16be = False
+        self.invalid_utf16le = False
+        self.invalid_utf32be = False
+        self.invalid_utf32le = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = False
+        self.quad = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.is_likely_utf32be():
+            return "utf-32be"
+        if self.is_likely_utf32le():
+            return "utf-32le"
+        if self.is_likely_utf16be():
+            return "utf-16be"
+        if self.is_likely_utf16le():
+            return "utf-16le"
+        # default to something valid
+        return "utf-16"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def approx_32bit_chars(self) -> float:
+        return max(1.0, self.position / 4.0)
+
+    def approx_16bit_chars(self) -> float:
+        return max(1.0, self.position / 2.0)
+
+    def is_likely_utf32be(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_32bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            self.zeros_at_mod[0] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[1] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[2] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.nonzeros_at_mod[3] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf32be
+        )
+
+    def is_likely_utf32le(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_32bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            self.nonzeros_at_mod[0] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[1] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[2] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[3] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf32le
+        )
+
+    def is_likely_utf16be(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_16bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            (self.nonzeros_at_mod[1] + self.nonzeros_at_mod[3]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and (self.zeros_at_mod[0] + self.zeros_at_mod[2]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf16be
+        )
+
+    def is_likely_utf16le(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_16bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            (self.nonzeros_at_mod[0] + self.nonzeros_at_mod[2]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and (self.zeros_at_mod[1] + self.zeros_at_mod[3]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf16le
+        )
+
+    def validate_utf32_characters(self, quad: List[int]) -> None:
+        """
+        Validate if the quad of bytes is valid UTF-32.
+
+        UTF-32 is valid in the range 0x00000000 - 0x0010FFFF
+        excluding 0x0000D800 - 0x0000DFFF
+
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32
+        """
+        if (
+            quad[0] != 0
+            or quad[1] > 0x10
+            or (quad[0] == 0 and quad[1] == 0 and 0xD8 <= quad[2] <= 0xDF)
+        ):
+            self.invalid_utf32be = True
+        if (
+            quad[3] != 0
+            or quad[2] > 0x10
+            or (quad[3] == 0 and quad[2] == 0 and 0xD8 <= quad[1] <= 0xDF)
+        ):
+            self.invalid_utf32le = True
+
+    def validate_utf16_characters(self, pair: List[int]) -> None:
+        """
+        Validate if the pair of bytes is  valid UTF-16.
+
+        UTF-16 is valid in the range 0x0000 - 0xFFFF excluding 0xD800 - 0xFFFF
+        with an exception for surrogate pairs, which must be in the range
+        0xD800-0xDBFF followed by 0xDC00-0xDFFF
+
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+        """
+        if not self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be:
+            if 0xD8 <= pair[0] <= 0xDB:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = True
+            elif 0xDC <= pair[0] <= 0xDF:
+                self.invalid_utf16be = True
+        else:
+            if 0xDC <= pair[0] <= 0xDF:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = False
+            else:
+                self.invalid_utf16be = True
+
+        if not self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le:
+            if 0xD8 <= pair[1] <= 0xDB:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = True
+            elif 0xDC <= pair[1] <= 0xDF:
+                self.invalid_utf16le = True
+        else:
+            if 0xDC <= pair[1] <= 0xDF:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = False
+            else:
+                self.invalid_utf16le = True
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for c in byte_str:
+            mod4 = self.position % 4
+            self.quad[mod4] = c
+            if mod4 == 3:
+                self.validate_utf32_characters(self.quad)
+                self.validate_utf16_characters(self.quad[0:2])
+                self.validate_utf16_characters(self.quad[2:4])
+            if c == 0:
+                self.zeros_at_mod[mod4] += 1
+            else:
+                self.nonzeros_at_mod[mod4] += 1
+            self.position += 1
+        return self.state
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> ProbingState:
+        if self._state in {ProbingState.NOT_ME, ProbingState.FOUND_IT}:
+            # terminal, decided states
+            return self._state
+        if self.get_confidence() > 0.80:
+            self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+        elif self.position > 4 * 1024:
+            # if we get to 4kb into the file, and we can't conclude it's UTF,
+            # let's give up
+            self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+        return self._state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        return (
+            0.85
+            if (
+                self.is_likely_utf16le()
+                or self.is_likely_utf16be()
+                or self.is_likely_utf32le()
+                or self.is_likely_utf32be()
+            )
+            else 0.00
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf8prober.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf8prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d96354d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf8prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import MachineState, ProbingState
+from .mbcssm import UTF8_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class UTF8Prober(CharSetProber):
+    ONE_CHAR_PROB = 0.5
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(UTF8_SM_MODEL)
+        self._num_mb_chars = 0
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.coding_sm.reset()
+        self._num_mb_chars = 0
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "utf-8"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for c in byte_str:
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(c)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                if self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen() >= 2:
+                    self._num_mb_chars += 1
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        unlike = 0.99
+        if self._num_mb_chars < 6:
+            unlike *= self.ONE_CHAR_PROB**self._num_mb_chars
+            return 1.0 - unlike
+        return unlike
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e9d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""
+This module exists only to simplify retrieving the version number of chardet
+from within setuptools and from chardet subpackages.
+
+:author: Dan Blanchard (dan.blanchard@gmail.com)
+"""
+
+__version__ = "5.1.0"
+VERSION = __version__.split(".")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..383101c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from .initialise import init, deinit, reinit, colorama_text, just_fix_windows_console
+from .ansi import Fore, Back, Style, Cursor
+from .ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+__version__ = '0.4.6'
+
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__pycache__/winterm.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__pycache__/winterm.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11ec695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+'''
+This module generates ANSI character codes to printing colors to terminals.
+See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
+'''
+
+CSI = '\033['
+OSC = '\033]'
+BEL = '\a'
+
+
+def code_to_chars(code):
+    return CSI + str(code) + 'm'
+
+def set_title(title):
+    return OSC + '2;' + title + BEL
+
+def clear_screen(mode=2):
+    return CSI + str(mode) + 'J'
+
+def clear_line(mode=2):
+    return CSI + str(mode) + 'K'
+
+
+class AnsiCodes(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        # the subclasses declare class attributes which are numbers.
+        # Upon instantiation we define instance attributes, which are the same
+        # as the class attributes but wrapped with the ANSI escape sequence
+        for name in dir(self):
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                value = getattr(self, name)
+                setattr(self, name, code_to_chars(value))
+
+
+class AnsiCursor(object):
+    def UP(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'A'
+    def DOWN(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'B'
+    def FORWARD(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'C'
+    def BACK(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'D'
+    def POS(self, x=1, y=1):
+        return CSI + str(y) + ';' + str(x) + 'H'
+
+
+class AnsiFore(AnsiCodes):
+    BLACK           = 30
+    RED             = 31
+    GREEN           = 32
+    YELLOW          = 33
+    BLUE            = 34
+    MAGENTA         = 35
+    CYAN            = 36
+    WHITE           = 37
+    RESET           = 39
+
+    # These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard.
+    LIGHTBLACK_EX   = 90
+    LIGHTRED_EX     = 91
+    LIGHTGREEN_EX   = 92
+    LIGHTYELLOW_EX  = 93
+    LIGHTBLUE_EX    = 94
+    LIGHTMAGENTA_EX = 95
+    LIGHTCYAN_EX    = 96
+    LIGHTWHITE_EX   = 97
+
+
+class AnsiBack(AnsiCodes):
+    BLACK           = 40
+    RED             = 41
+    GREEN           = 42
+    YELLOW          = 43
+    BLUE            = 44
+    MAGENTA         = 45
+    CYAN            = 46
+    WHITE           = 47
+    RESET           = 49
+
+    # These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard.
+    LIGHTBLACK_EX   = 100
+    LIGHTRED_EX     = 101
+    LIGHTGREEN_EX   = 102
+    LIGHTYELLOW_EX  = 103
+    LIGHTBLUE_EX    = 104
+    LIGHTMAGENTA_EX = 105
+    LIGHTCYAN_EX    = 106
+    LIGHTWHITE_EX   = 107
+
+
+class AnsiStyle(AnsiCodes):
+    BRIGHT    = 1
+    DIM       = 2
+    NORMAL    = 22
+    RESET_ALL = 0
+
+Fore   = AnsiFore()
+Back   = AnsiBack()
+Style  = AnsiStyle()
+Cursor = AnsiCursor()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansitowin32.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansitowin32.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abf209e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansitowin32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import re
+import sys
+import os
+
+from .ansi import AnsiFore, AnsiBack, AnsiStyle, Style, BEL
+from .winterm import enable_vt_processing, WinTerm, WinColor, WinStyle
+from .win32 import windll, winapi_test
+
+
+winterm = None
+if windll is not None:
+    winterm = WinTerm()
+
+
+class StreamWrapper(object):
+    '''
+    Wraps a stream (such as stdout), acting as a transparent proxy for all
+    attribute access apart from method 'write()', which is delegated to our
+    Converter instance.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, wrapped, converter):
+        # double-underscore everything to prevent clashes with names of
+        # attributes on the wrapped stream object.
+        self.__wrapped = wrapped
+        self.__convertor = converter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.__wrapped, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # special method lookup bypasses __getattr__/__getattribute__, see
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12632894/why-doesnt-getattr-work-with-exit
+        # thus, contextlib magic methods are not proxied via __getattr__
+        return self.__wrapped.__enter__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.__wrapped.__exit__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.__dict__ = state
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self.__dict__
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        self.__convertor.write(text)
+
+    def isatty(self):
+        stream = self.__wrapped
+        if 'PYCHARM_HOSTED' in os.environ:
+            if stream is not None and (stream is sys.__stdout__ or stream is sys.__stderr__):
+                return True
+        try:
+            stream_isatty = stream.isatty
+        except AttributeError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return stream_isatty()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        stream = self.__wrapped
+        try:
+            return stream.closed
+        # AttributeError in the case that the stream doesn't support being closed
+        # ValueError for the case that the stream has already been detached when atexit runs
+        except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+            return True
+
+
+class AnsiToWin32(object):
+    '''
+    Implements a 'write()' method which, on Windows, will strip ANSI character
+    sequences from the text, and if outputting to a tty, will convert them into
+    win32 function calls.
+    '''
+    ANSI_CSI_RE = re.compile('\001?\033\\[((?:\\d|;)*)([a-zA-Z])\002?')   # Control Sequence Introducer
+    ANSI_OSC_RE = re.compile('\001?\033\\]([^\a]*)(\a)\002?')             # Operating System Command
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False):
+        # The wrapped stream (normally sys.stdout or sys.stderr)
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+        # should we reset colors to defaults after every .write()
+        self.autoreset = autoreset
+
+        # create the proxy wrapping our output stream
+        self.stream = StreamWrapper(wrapped, self)
+
+        on_windows = os.name == 'nt'
+        # We test if the WinAPI works, because even if we are on Windows
+        # we may be using a terminal that doesn't support the WinAPI
+        # (e.g. Cygwin Terminal). In this case it's up to the terminal
+        # to support the ANSI codes.
+        conversion_supported = on_windows and winapi_test()
+        try:
+            fd = wrapped.fileno()
+        except Exception:
+            fd = -1
+        system_has_native_ansi = not on_windows or enable_vt_processing(fd)
+        have_tty = not self.stream.closed and self.stream.isatty()
+        need_conversion = conversion_supported and not system_has_native_ansi
+
+        # should we strip ANSI sequences from our output?
+        if strip is None:
+            strip = need_conversion or not have_tty
+        self.strip = strip
+
+        # should we should convert ANSI sequences into win32 calls?
+        if convert is None:
+            convert = need_conversion and have_tty
+        self.convert = convert
+
+        # dict of ansi codes to win32 functions and parameters
+        self.win32_calls = self.get_win32_calls()
+
+        # are we wrapping stderr?
+        self.on_stderr = self.wrapped is sys.stderr
+
+    def should_wrap(self):
+        '''
+        True if this class is actually needed. If false, then the output
+        stream will not be affected, nor will win32 calls be issued, so
+        wrapping stdout is not actually required. This will generally be
+        False on non-Windows platforms, unless optional functionality like
+        autoreset has been requested using kwargs to init()
+        '''
+        return self.convert or self.strip or self.autoreset
+
+    def get_win32_calls(self):
+        if self.convert and winterm:
+            return {
+                AnsiStyle.RESET_ALL: (winterm.reset_all, ),
+                AnsiStyle.BRIGHT: (winterm.style, WinStyle.BRIGHT),
+                AnsiStyle.DIM: (winterm.style, WinStyle.NORMAL),
+                AnsiStyle.NORMAL: (winterm.style, WinStyle.NORMAL),
+                AnsiFore.BLACK: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLACK),
+                AnsiFore.RED: (winterm.fore, WinColor.RED),
+                AnsiFore.GREEN: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREEN),
+                AnsiFore.YELLOW: (winterm.fore, WinColor.YELLOW),
+                AnsiFore.BLUE: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLUE),
+                AnsiFore.MAGENTA: (winterm.fore, WinColor.MAGENTA),
+                AnsiFore.CYAN: (winterm.fore, WinColor.CYAN),
+                AnsiFore.WHITE: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREY),
+                AnsiFore.RESET: (winterm.fore, ),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTBLACK_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLACK, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTRED_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.RED, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTGREEN_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREEN, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.YELLOW, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTBLUE_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLUE, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.MAGENTA, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTCYAN_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.CYAN, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTWHITE_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREY, True),
+                AnsiBack.BLACK: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLACK),
+                AnsiBack.RED: (winterm.back, WinColor.RED),
+                AnsiBack.GREEN: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREEN),
+                AnsiBack.YELLOW: (winterm.back, WinColor.YELLOW),
+                AnsiBack.BLUE: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLUE),
+                AnsiBack.MAGENTA: (winterm.back, WinColor.MAGENTA),
+                AnsiBack.CYAN: (winterm.back, WinColor.CYAN),
+                AnsiBack.WHITE: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREY),
+                AnsiBack.RESET: (winterm.back, ),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTBLACK_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLACK, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTRED_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.RED, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTGREEN_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREEN, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTYELLOW_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.YELLOW, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTBLUE_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLUE, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.MAGENTA, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTCYAN_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.CYAN, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTWHITE_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREY, True),
+            }
+        return dict()
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        if self.strip or self.convert:
+            self.write_and_convert(text)
+        else:
+            self.wrapped.write(text)
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        if self.autoreset:
+            self.reset_all()
+
+
+    def reset_all(self):
+        if self.convert:
+            self.call_win32('m', (0,))
+        elif not self.strip and not self.stream.closed:
+            self.wrapped.write(Style.RESET_ALL)
+
+
+    def write_and_convert(self, text):
+        '''
+        Write the given text to our wrapped stream, stripping any ANSI
+        sequences from the text, and optionally converting them into win32
+        calls.
+        '''
+        cursor = 0
+        text = self.convert_osc(text)
+        for match in self.ANSI_CSI_RE.finditer(text):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            self.write_plain_text(text, cursor, start)
+            self.convert_ansi(*match.groups())
+            cursor = end
+        self.write_plain_text(text, cursor, len(text))
+
+
+    def write_plain_text(self, text, start, end):
+        if start < end:
+            self.wrapped.write(text[start:end])
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+
+
+    def convert_ansi(self, paramstring, command):
+        if self.convert:
+            params = self.extract_params(command, paramstring)
+            self.call_win32(command, params)
+
+
+    def extract_params(self, command, paramstring):
+        if command in 'Hf':
+            params = tuple(int(p) if len(p) != 0 else 1 for p in paramstring.split(';'))
+            while len(params) < 2:
+                # defaults:
+                params = params + (1,)
+        else:
+            params = tuple(int(p) for p in paramstring.split(';') if len(p) != 0)
+            if len(params) == 0:
+                # defaults:
+                if command in 'JKm':
+                    params = (0,)
+                elif command in 'ABCD':
+                    params = (1,)
+
+        return params
+
+
+    def call_win32(self, command, params):
+        if command == 'm':
+            for param in params:
+                if param in self.win32_calls:
+                    func_args = self.win32_calls[param]
+                    func = func_args[0]
+                    args = func_args[1:]
+                    kwargs = dict(on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+                    func(*args, **kwargs)
+        elif command in 'J':
+            winterm.erase_screen(params[0], on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'K':
+            winterm.erase_line(params[0], on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'Hf':     # cursor position - absolute
+            winterm.set_cursor_position(params, on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'ABCD':   # cursor position - relative
+            n = params[0]
+            # A - up, B - down, C - forward, D - back
+            x, y = {'A': (0, -n), 'B': (0, n), 'C': (n, 0), 'D': (-n, 0)}[command]
+            winterm.cursor_adjust(x, y, on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+
+
+    def convert_osc(self, text):
+        for match in self.ANSI_OSC_RE.finditer(text):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            text = text[:start] + text[end:]
+            paramstring, command = match.groups()
+            if command == BEL:
+                if paramstring.count(";") == 1:
+                    params = paramstring.split(";")
+                    # 0 - change title and icon (we will only change title)
+                    # 1 - change icon (we don't support this)
+                    # 2 - change title
+                    if params[0] in '02':
+                        winterm.set_title(params[1])
+        return text
+
+
+    def flush(self):
+        self.wrapped.flush()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/initialise.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/initialise.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5fd4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/initialise.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import atexit
+import contextlib
+import sys
+
+from .ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+
+def _wipe_internal_state_for_tests():
+    global orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+    orig_stdout = None
+    orig_stderr = None
+
+    global wrapped_stdout, wrapped_stderr
+    wrapped_stdout = None
+    wrapped_stderr = None
+
+    global atexit_done
+    atexit_done = False
+
+    global fixed_windows_console
+    fixed_windows_console = False
+
+    try:
+        # no-op if it wasn't registered
+        atexit.unregister(reset_all)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # python 2: no atexit.unregister. Oh well, we did our best.
+        pass
+
+
+def reset_all():
+    if AnsiToWin32 is not None:    # Issue #74: objects might become None at exit
+        AnsiToWin32(orig_stdout).reset_all()
+
+
+def init(autoreset=False, convert=None, strip=None, wrap=True):
+
+    if not wrap and any([autoreset, convert, strip]):
+        raise ValueError('wrap=False conflicts with any other arg=True')
+
+    global wrapped_stdout, wrapped_stderr
+    global orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+    if sys.stdout is None:
+        wrapped_stdout = None
+    else:
+        sys.stdout = wrapped_stdout = \
+            wrap_stream(orig_stdout, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap)
+    if sys.stderr is None:
+        wrapped_stderr = None
+    else:
+        sys.stderr = wrapped_stderr = \
+            wrap_stream(orig_stderr, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap)
+
+    global atexit_done
+    if not atexit_done:
+        atexit.register(reset_all)
+        atexit_done = True
+
+
+def deinit():
+    if orig_stdout is not None:
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    if orig_stderr is not None:
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+
+def just_fix_windows_console():
+    global fixed_windows_console
+
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        return
+    if fixed_windows_console:
+        return
+    if wrapped_stdout is not None or wrapped_stderr is not None:
+        # Someone already ran init() and it did stuff, so we won't second-guess them
+        return
+
+    # On newer versions of Windows, AnsiToWin32.__init__ will implicitly enable the
+    # native ANSI support in the console as a side-effect. We only need to actually
+    # replace sys.stdout/stderr if we're in the old-style conversion mode.
+    new_stdout = AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False)
+    if new_stdout.convert:
+        sys.stdout = new_stdout
+    new_stderr = AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False)
+    if new_stderr.convert:
+        sys.stderr = new_stderr
+
+    fixed_windows_console = True
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def colorama_text(*args, **kwargs):
+    init(*args, **kwargs)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        deinit()
+
+
+def reinit():
+    if wrapped_stdout is not None:
+        sys.stdout = wrapped_stdout
+    if wrapped_stderr is not None:
+        sys.stderr = wrapped_stderr
+
+
+def wrap_stream(stream, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap):
+    if wrap:
+        wrapper = AnsiToWin32(stream,
+            convert=convert, strip=strip, autoreset=autoreset)
+        if wrapper.should_wrap():
+            stream = wrapper.stream
+    return stream
+
+
+# Use this for initial setup as well, to reduce code duplication
+_wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5661e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a20c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansi import Back, Fore, Style
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+stdout_orig = sys.stdout
+stderr_orig = sys.stderr
+
+
+class AnsiTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check: stdout should be a file or StringIO object.
+        # It will only be AnsiToWin32 if init() has previously wrapped it
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stdout), AnsiToWin32)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stderr), AnsiToWin32)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.stdout = stdout_orig
+        sys.stderr = stderr_orig
+
+
+    def testForeAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLACK, '\033[30m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RED, '\033[31m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.GREEN, '\033[32m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.YELLOW, '\033[33m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLUE, '\033[34m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.MAGENTA, '\033[35m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.CYAN, '\033[36m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.WHITE, '\033[37m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RESET, '\033[39m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[90m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[91m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[92m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[93m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[94m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[95m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[96m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[97m')
+
+
+    def testBackAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLACK, '\033[40m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RED, '\033[41m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.GREEN, '\033[42m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.YELLOW, '\033[43m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLUE, '\033[44m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.MAGENTA, '\033[45m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.CYAN, '\033[46m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.WHITE, '\033[47m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RESET, '\033[49m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[100m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[101m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[102m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[103m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[104m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[105m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[106m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[107m')
+
+
+    def testStyleAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Style.DIM, '\033[2m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.NORMAL, '\033[22m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.BRIGHT, '\033[1m')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ca551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    # python 2
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32, StreamWrapper
+from ..win32 import ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
+from .utils import osname
+
+
+class StreamWrapperTest(TestCase):
+
+    def testIsAProxy(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, None)
+        self.assertTrue( wrapper.random_attr is mockStream.random_attr )
+
+    def testDelegatesWrite(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter)
+        wrapper.write('hello')
+        self.assertTrue(mockConverter.write.call_args, (('hello',), {}))
+
+    def testDelegatesContext(self):
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        s = StringIO()
+        with StreamWrapper(s, mockConverter) as fp:
+            fp.write(u'hello')
+        self.assertTrue(s.closed)
+
+    def testProxyNoContextManager(self):
+        mockStream = MagicMock()
+        mockStream.__enter__.side_effect = AttributeError()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as excinfo:
+            with StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter) as wrapper:
+                wrapper.write('hello')
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_stream(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_detached_stream(self):
+        stream = TextIOWrapper(StringIO())
+        stream.detach()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+class AnsiToWin32Test(TestCase):
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        auto = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, autoreset=auto)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped, mockStdout)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.autoreset, auto)
+
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm', None)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    def testStripIsTrueOnWindows(self):
+        with osname('nt'):
+            mockStdout = Mock()
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+
+    def testStripIsFalseOffWindows(self):
+        with osname('posix'):
+            mockStdout = Mock(closed=False)
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+
+    def testWriteStripsAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = True
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.wrapped.write.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.write_and_convert.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def testWriteDoesNotStripAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = False
+        stream.convert = False
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.write_and_convert.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def assert_autoresets(self, convert, autoreset=True):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = convert
+        stream.reset_all = Mock()
+        stream.autoreset = autoreset
+        stream.winterm = Mock()
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertEqual(stream.reset_all.called, autoreset)
+
+    def testWriteAutoresets(self):
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True, autoreset=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False, autoreset=False)
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertWritesPlainText(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.write_and_convert( 'abc' )
+        self.assertEqual( stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}) )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertStripsAllValidAnsi(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        data = [
+            'abc\033[mdef',
+            'abc\033[0mdef',
+            'abc\033[2mdef',
+            'abc\033[02mdef',
+            'abc\033[002mdef',
+            'abc\033[40mdef',
+            'abc\033[040mdef',
+            'abc\033[0;1mdef',
+            'abc\033[40;50mdef',
+            'abc\033[50;30;40mdef',
+            'abc\033[Adef',
+            'abc\033[0Gdef',
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef',
+        ]
+        for datum in data:
+            stream.wrapped.write.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual(
+               [args[0] for args in stream.wrapped.write.call_args_list],
+               [ ('abc',), ('def',) ]
+            )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertSkipsEmptySnippets(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert( '\033[40m\033[41m' )
+        self.assertFalse( stream.wrapped.write.called )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertCallsWin32WithParamsAndCommand(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = True
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.extract_params = Mock(return_value='params')
+        data = {
+            'abc\033[adef':         ('a', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;bdef':       ('b', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[0cdef':        ('c', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;0;;Gdef':    ('G', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef': ('H', 'params'),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            stream.call_win32.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual( stream.call_win32.call_args[0], expected )
+
+    def test_reset_all_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        stream.close()
+
+        converter.reset_all()
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_missing_closed_attr(self):
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(object())
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def testExtractParams(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        data = {
+            '':               (0,),
+            ';;':             (0,),
+            '2':              (2,),
+            ';;002;;':        (2,),
+            '0;1':            (0, 1),
+            ';;003;;456;;':   (3, 456),
+            '11;22;33;44;55': (11, 22, 33, 44, 55),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            self.assertEqual(stream.extract_params('m', datum), expected)
+
+    def testCallWin32UsesLookup(self):
+        listener = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(listener)
+        stream.win32_calls = {
+            1: (lambda *_, **__: listener(11),),
+            2: (lambda *_, **__: listener(22),),
+            3: (lambda *_, **__: listener(33),),
+        }
+        stream.call_win32('m', (3, 1, 99, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [a[0][0] for a in listener.call_args_list],
+            [33, 11, 22] )
+
+    def test_osc_codes(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, convert=True)
+        with patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm') as winterm:
+            data = [
+                '\033]0\x07',                      # missing arguments
+                '\033]0;foo\x08',                  # wrong OSC command
+                '\033]0;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]1;colorama_test_title\x07',  # wrong set command
+                '\033]2;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]' + ';' * 64 + '\x08',       # see issue #247
+            ]
+            for code in data:
+                stream.write(code)
+            self.assertEqual(winterm.set_title.call_count, 2)
+
+    def test_native_windows_ansi(self):
+        with ExitStack() as stack:
+            def p(a, b):
+                stack.enter_context(patch(a, b, create=True))
+            # Pretend to be on Windows
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt")
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.win32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.windll", "non-None")
+            p("colorama.winterm.get_osfhandle", lambda _: 1234)
+
+            # Pretend that our mock stream has native ANSI support
+            p(
+                "colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode",
+                lambda _: ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+            )
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stdout = Mock()
+            stdout.closed = False
+            stdout.isatty.return_value = True
+            stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+
+            # Our fake console says it has native vt support, so AnsiToWin32 should
+            # enable that support and do nothing else.
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.convert)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.should_wrap())
+
+            # Now let's pretend we're on an old Windows console, that doesn't have
+            # native ANSI support.
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode", lambda _: 0)
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.convert)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.should_wrap())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89f9b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import patch, Mock
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import patch, Mock
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper
+from ..initialise import init, just_fix_windows_console, _wipe_internal_state_for_tests
+from .utils import osname, replace_by
+
+orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+
+class InitTest(TestCase):
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.stdout.isatty(), "sys.stdout is not a tty")
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check
+        self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def assertWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should be wrapped')
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should be wrapped')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stdout, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stdout wrapper')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stderr, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stderr wrapper')
+
+    def assertNotWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should not be wrapped')
+        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should not be wrapped')
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitWrapsOnWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnEmulatedWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnNonWindows(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapIfNone(self):
+        with replace_by(None):
+            init()
+            # We can't use assertNotWrapped here because replace_by(None)
+            # changes stdout/stderr already.
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stdout)
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stderr)
+
+    def testInitAutoresetOnWrapsOnAllPlatforms(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffDoesntWrapOnWindows(self):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(wrap=False)
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffIncompatibleWithAutoresetOn(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: init(autoreset=True, wrap=False))
+
+    @patch('colorama.win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute')
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetPassedOn(self, mockATW32, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[1][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[0][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetChangeable(self, mockATW32):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[2][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[3][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+            init()
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 6)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[4][1]['autoreset'], False)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[5][1]['autoreset'], False)
+
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.atexit.register')
+    def testAtexitRegisteredOnlyOnce(self, mockRegister):
+        init()
+        self.assertTrue(mockRegister.called)
+        mockRegister.reset_mock()
+        init()
+        self.assertFalse(mockRegister.called)
+
+
+class JustFixWindowsConsoleTest(TestCase):
+    def _reset(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self._reset()
+
+    @patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+    def testJustFixWindowsConsole(self):
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            # just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+            just_fix_windows_console()
+            self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+            self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr)
+        else:
+            def fake_std():
+                # Emulate stdout=not a tty, stderr=tty
+                # to check that we handle both cases correctly
+                stdout = Mock()
+                stdout.closed = False
+                stdout.isatty.return_value = False
+                stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+                sys.stdout = stdout
+
+                stderr = Mock()
+                stderr.closed = False
+                stderr.isatty.return_value = True
+                stderr.fileno.return_value = 2
+                sys.stderr = stderr
+
+            for native_ansi in [False, True]:
+                with patch(
+                    'colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing',
+                    lambda *_: native_ansi
+                ):
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # Regular single-call test
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    if native_ansi:
+                        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    # second call without resetting is always a no-op
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # If init() runs first, just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+                    init()
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stdout, sys.stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stderr, sys.stderr)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f84e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper, AnsiToWin32
+from .utils import pycharm, replace_by, replace_original_by, StreamTTY, StreamNonTTY
+
+
+def is_a_tty(stream):
+    return StreamWrapper(stream, None).isatty()
+
+class IsattyTest(TestCase):
+
+    def test_TTY(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_nonTTY(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharm(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stderr))
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stdout))
+
+    def test_withPycharmTTYOverride(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(tty):
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNonTTYOverride(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(non_tty):
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNoneOverride(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            with replace_by(None), replace_original_by(None):
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(None))
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(StreamNonTTY()))
+                self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(StreamTTY()))
+
+    def test_withPycharmStreamWrapped(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(StreamTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertFalse(AnsiToWin32(StreamNonTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr).stream.isatty())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472fafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import StringIO
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+class StreamTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return True
+
+class StreamNonTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return False
+
+@contextmanager
+def osname(name):
+    orig = os.name
+    os.name = name
+    yield
+    os.name = orig
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+    sys.stdout = stream
+    sys.stderr = stream
+    yield
+    sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_original_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.__stdout__
+    orig_stderr = sys.__stderr__
+    sys.__stdout__ = stream
+    sys.__stderr__ = stream
+    yield
+    sys.__stdout__ = orig_stdout
+    sys.__stderr__ = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def pycharm():
+    os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"] = "1"
+    non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+    with replace_by(non_tty), replace_original_by(non_tty):
+        yield
+    del os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0955f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import Mock, patch
+
+from ..winterm import WinColor, WinStyle, WinTerm
+
+
+class WinTermTest(TestCase):
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testInit(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 7 + 6 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testGetAttrs(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term._fore = 0
+        term._back = 0
+        term._style = 0
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), 0)
+
+        term._fore = WinColor.YELLOW
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), WinColor.YELLOW)
+
+        term._back = WinColor.MAGENTA
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16)
+
+        term._style = WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16 + WinStyle.BRIGHT)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testResetAll(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 1 + 2 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = -1
+        term._back = -1
+        term._style = -1
+
+        term.reset_all()
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testFore(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = 0
+
+        term.fore(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testBack(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._back = 0
+
+        term.back(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testStyle(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._style = 0
+
+        term.style(22)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 22)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsole(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDOUT, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsoleOnStderr(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console(on_stderr=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDERR, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/win32.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/win32.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..841b0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/win32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+
+# from winbase.h
+STDOUT = -11
+STDERR = -12
+
+ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 0x0004
+
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import LibraryLoader
+    windll = LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+    from ctypes import wintypes
+except (AttributeError, ImportError):
+    windll = None
+    SetConsoleTextAttribute = lambda *_: None
+    winapi_test = lambda *_: None
+else:
+    from ctypes import byref, Structure, c_char, POINTER
+
+    COORD = wintypes._COORD
+
+    class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO(Structure):
+        """struct in wincon.h."""
+        _fields_ = [
+            ("dwSize", COORD),
+            ("dwCursorPosition", COORD),
+            ("wAttributes", wintypes.WORD),
+            ("srWindow", wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+            ("dwMaximumWindowSize", COORD),
+        ]
+        def __str__(self):
+            return '(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d)' % (
+                self.dwSize.Y, self.dwSize.X
+                , self.dwCursorPosition.Y, self.dwCursorPosition.X
+                , self.wAttributes
+                , self.srWindow.Top, self.srWindow.Left, self.srWindow.Bottom, self.srWindow.Right
+                , self.dwMaximumWindowSize.Y, self.dwMaximumWindowSize.X
+            )
+
+    _GetStdHandle = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle
+    _GetStdHandle.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+    ]
+    _GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        POINTER(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO),
+    ]
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.WORD,
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        COORD,
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterA
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        c_char,
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+        COORD,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+    ]
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.WORD,
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+        COORD,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+    ]
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleTitleW = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW
+    _SetConsoleTitleW.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.LPCWSTR
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleTitleW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _GetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+    _GetConsoleMode.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
+    ]
+    _GetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleMode
+    _SetConsoleMode.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.DWORD
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    def _winapi_test(handle):
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+        success = _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+            handle, byref(csbi))
+        return bool(success)
+
+    def winapi_test():
+        return any(_winapi_test(h) for h in
+                   (_GetStdHandle(STDOUT), _GetStdHandle(STDERR)))
+
+    def GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stream_id=STDOUT):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+        success = _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+            handle, byref(csbi))
+        return csbi
+
+    def SetConsoleTextAttribute(stream_id, attrs):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        return _SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, attrs)
+
+    def SetConsoleCursorPosition(stream_id, position, adjust=True):
+        position = COORD(*position)
+        # If the position is out of range, do nothing.
+        if position.Y <= 0 or position.X <= 0:
+            return
+        # Adjust for Windows' SetConsoleCursorPosition:
+        #    1. being 0-based, while ANSI is 1-based.
+        #    2. expecting (x,y), while ANSI uses (y,x).
+        adjusted_position = COORD(position.Y - 1, position.X - 1)
+        if adjust:
+            # Adjust for viewport's scroll position
+            sr = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(STDOUT).srWindow
+            adjusted_position.Y += sr.Top
+            adjusted_position.X += sr.Left
+        # Resume normal processing
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        return _SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, adjusted_position)
+
+    def FillConsoleOutputCharacter(stream_id, char, length, start):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        char = c_char(char.encode())
+        length = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+        num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+        # Note that this is hard-coded for ANSI (vs wide) bytes.
+        success = _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(
+            handle, char, length, start, byref(num_written))
+        return num_written.value
+
+    def FillConsoleOutputAttribute(stream_id, attr, length, start):
+        ''' FillConsoleOutputAttribute( hConsole, csbi.wAttributes, dwConSize, coordScreen, &cCharsWritten )'''
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        attribute = wintypes.WORD(attr)
+        length = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+        num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+        # Note that this is hard-coded for ANSI (vs wide) bytes.
+        return _FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            handle, attribute, length, start, byref(num_written))
+
+    def SetConsoleTitle(title):
+        return _SetConsoleTitleW(title)
+
+    def GetConsoleMode(handle):
+        mode = wintypes.DWORD()
+        success = _GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(mode))
+        if not success:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
+        return mode.value
+
+    def SetConsoleMode(handle, mode):
+        success = _SetConsoleMode(handle, mode)
+        if not success:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/winterm.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/winterm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aad867e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/winterm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+try:
+    from msvcrt import get_osfhandle
+except ImportError:
+    def get_osfhandle(_):
+        raise OSError("This isn't windows!")
+
+
+from . import win32
+
+# from wincon.h
+class WinColor(object):
+    BLACK   = 0
+    BLUE    = 1
+    GREEN   = 2
+    CYAN    = 3
+    RED     = 4
+    MAGENTA = 5
+    YELLOW  = 6
+    GREY    = 7
+
+# from wincon.h
+class WinStyle(object):
+    NORMAL              = 0x00 # dim text, dim background
+    BRIGHT              = 0x08 # bright text, dim background
+    BRIGHT_BACKGROUND   = 0x80 # dim text, bright background
+
+class WinTerm(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._default = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(win32.STDOUT).wAttributes
+        self.set_attrs(self._default)
+        self._default_fore = self._fore
+        self._default_back = self._back
+        self._default_style = self._style
+        # In order to emulate LIGHT_EX in windows, we borrow the BRIGHT style.
+        # So that LIGHT_EX colors and BRIGHT style do not clobber each other,
+        # we track them separately, since LIGHT_EX is overwritten by Fore/Back
+        # and BRIGHT is overwritten by Style codes.
+        self._light = 0
+
+    def get_attrs(self):
+        return self._fore + self._back * 16 + (self._style | self._light)
+
+    def set_attrs(self, value):
+        self._fore = value & 7
+        self._back = (value >> 4) & 7
+        self._style = value & (WinStyle.BRIGHT | WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND)
+
+    def reset_all(self, on_stderr=None):
+        self.set_attrs(self._default)
+        self.set_console(attrs=self._default)
+        self._light = 0
+
+    def fore(self, fore=None, light=False, on_stderr=False):
+        if fore is None:
+            fore = self._default_fore
+        self._fore = fore
+        # Emulate LIGHT_EX with BRIGHT Style
+        if light:
+            self._light |= WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        else:
+            self._light &= ~WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def back(self, back=None, light=False, on_stderr=False):
+        if back is None:
+            back = self._default_back
+        self._back = back
+        # Emulate LIGHT_EX with BRIGHT_BACKGROUND Style
+        if light:
+            self._light |= WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND
+        else:
+            self._light &= ~WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def style(self, style=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if style is None:
+            style = self._default_style
+        self._style = style
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def set_console(self, attrs=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if attrs is None:
+            attrs = self.get_attrs()
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, attrs)
+
+    def get_position(self, handle):
+        position = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle).dwCursorPosition
+        # Because Windows coordinates are 0-based,
+        # and win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition expects 1-based.
+        position.X += 1
+        position.Y += 1
+        return position
+
+    def set_cursor_position(self, position=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if position is None:
+            # I'm not currently tracking the position, so there is no default.
+            # position = self.get_position()
+            return
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, position)
+
+    def cursor_adjust(self, x, y, on_stderr=False):
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        position = self.get_position(handle)
+        adjusted_position = (position.Y + y, position.X + x)
+        win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, adjusted_position, adjust=False)
+
+    def erase_screen(self, mode=0, on_stderr=False):
+        # 0 should clear from the cursor to the end of the screen.
+        # 1 should clear from the cursor to the beginning of the screen.
+        # 2 should clear the entire screen, and move cursor to (1,1)
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        csbi = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle)
+        # get the number of character cells in the current buffer
+        cells_in_screen = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y
+        # get number of character cells before current cursor position
+        cells_before_cursor = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y + csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        if mode == 0:
+            from_coord = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+            cells_to_erase = cells_in_screen - cells_before_cursor
+        elif mode == 1:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, 0)
+            cells_to_erase = cells_before_cursor
+        elif mode == 2:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, 0)
+            cells_to_erase = cells_in_screen
+        else:
+            # invalid mode
+            return
+        # fill the entire screen with blanks
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputCharacter(handle, ' ', cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        # now set the buffer's attributes accordingly
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute(handle, self.get_attrs(), cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        if mode == 2:
+            # put the cursor where needed
+            win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, (1, 1))
+
+    def erase_line(self, mode=0, on_stderr=False):
+        # 0 should clear from the cursor to the end of the line.
+        # 1 should clear from the cursor to the beginning of the line.
+        # 2 should clear the entire line.
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        csbi = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle)
+        if mode == 0:
+            from_coord = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwSize.X - csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        elif mode == 1:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y)
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        elif mode == 2:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y)
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwSize.X
+        else:
+            # invalid mode
+            return
+        # fill the entire screen with blanks
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputCharacter(handle, ' ', cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        # now set the buffer's attributes accordingly
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute(handle, self.get_attrs(), cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+
+    def set_title(self, title):
+        win32.SetConsoleTitle(title)
+
+
+def enable_vt_processing(fd):
+    if win32.windll is None or not win32.winapi_test():
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        handle = get_osfhandle(fd)
+        mode = win32.GetConsoleMode(handle)
+        win32.SetConsoleMode(
+            handle,
+            mode | win32.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+        )
+
+        mode = win32.GetConsoleMode(handle)
+        if mode & win32.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING:
+            return True
+    # Can get TypeError in testsuite where 'fd' is a Mock()
+    except (OSError, TypeError):
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e999438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import logging
+
+__version__ = '0.3.8'
+
+
+class DistlibException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+try:
+    from logging import NullHandler
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
+
+        def handle(self, record):
+            pass
+
+        def emit(self, record):
+            pass
+
+        def createLock(self):
+            self.lock = None
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+logger.addHandler(NullHandler())
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e93dc27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1138 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    ssl = None
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:  # pragma: no cover
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    string_types = basestring,
+    text_type = unicode
+    from types import FileType as file_type
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+    import ConfigParser as configparser
+    from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, urlsplit, urlunsplit
+    from urllib import (urlretrieve, quote as _quote, unquote, url2pathname,
+                        pathname2url, ContentTooShortError, splittype)
+
+    def quote(s):
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            s = s.encode('utf-8')
+        return _quote(s)
+
+    import urllib2
+    from urllib2 import (Request, urlopen, URLError, HTTPError,
+                         HTTPBasicAuthHandler, HTTPPasswordMgr, HTTPHandler,
+                         HTTPRedirectHandler, build_opener)
+    if ssl:
+        from urllib2 import HTTPSHandler
+    import httplib
+    import xmlrpclib
+    import Queue as queue
+    from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
+    import htmlentitydefs
+    raw_input = raw_input
+    from itertools import ifilter as filter
+    from itertools import ifilterfalse as filterfalse
+
+    # Leaving this around for now, in case it needs resurrecting in some way
+    # _userprog = None
+    # def splituser(host):
+    # """splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
+    # global _userprog
+    # if _userprog is None:
+    # import re
+    # _userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
+
+    # match = _userprog.match(host)
+    # if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    # return None, host
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from io import StringIO
+    string_types = str,
+    text_type = str
+    from io import TextIOWrapper as file_type
+    import builtins
+    import configparser
+    from urllib.parse import (urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, quote, unquote,
+                              urlsplit, urlunsplit, splittype)
+    from urllib.request import (urlopen, urlretrieve, Request, url2pathname,
+                                pathname2url, HTTPBasicAuthHandler,
+                                HTTPPasswordMgr, HTTPHandler,
+                                HTTPRedirectHandler, build_opener)
+    if ssl:
+        from urllib.request import HTTPSHandler
+    from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError, ContentTooShortError
+    import http.client as httplib
+    import urllib.request as urllib2
+    import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
+    import queue
+    from html.parser import HTMLParser
+    import html.entities as htmlentitydefs
+    raw_input = input
+    from itertools import filterfalse
+    filter = filter
+
+try:
+    from ssl import match_hostname, CertificateError
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class CertificateError(ValueError):
+        pass
+
+    def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
+        """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
+
+        http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
+        """
+        pats = []
+        if not dn:
+            return False
+
+        parts = dn.split('.')
+        leftmost, remainder = parts[0], parts[1:]
+
+        wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
+        if wildcards > max_wildcards:
+            # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
+            # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
+            # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
+            # reasonable choice.
+            raise CertificateError(
+                "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn))
+
+        # speed up common case w/o wildcards
+        if not wildcards:
+            return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
+
+        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
+        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
+        # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
+        if leftmost == '*':
+            # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
+            # fragment.
+            pats.append('[^.]+')
+        elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
+            # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
+            # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
+            # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
+            # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
+            pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
+            pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))
+
+        # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
+        for frag in remainder:
+            pats.append(re.escape(frag))
+
+        pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
+        return pat.match(hostname)
+
+    def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
+        """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
+        SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
+        rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
+
+        CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
+        returns nothing.
+        """
+        if not cert:
+            raise ValueError("empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+                             "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+                             "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
+        dnsnames = []
+        san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
+        for key, value in san:
+            if key == 'DNS':
+                if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                    return
+                dnsnames.append(value)
+        if not dnsnames:
+            # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
+            # in subjectAltName
+            for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
+                for key, value in sub:
+                    # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
+                    # must be used.
+                    if key == 'commonName':
+                        if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                            return
+                        dnsnames.append(value)
+        if len(dnsnames) > 1:
+            raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
+                                   "doesn't match either of %s" %
+                                   (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
+        elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
+            raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
+                                   "doesn't match %r" %
+                                   (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+        else:
+            raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
+                                   "subjectAltName fields were found")
+
+
+try:
+    from types import SimpleNamespace as Container
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class Container(object):
+        """
+        A generic container for when multiple values need to be returned
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from shutil import which
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Implementation from Python 3.3
+    def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
+        """Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
+        conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
+        file.
+
+        `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
+        of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
+        path.
+
+        """
+
+        # Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
+        # Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
+        # directories pass the os.access check.
+        def _access_check(fn, mode):
+            return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
+                    and not os.path.isdir(fn))
+
+        # If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
+        # than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
+        # current directory, e.g. ./script
+        if os.path.dirname(cmd):
+            if _access_check(cmd, mode):
+                return cmd
+            return None
+
+        if path is None:
+            path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
+        if not path:
+            return None
+        path = path.split(os.pathsep)
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            # The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
+            if os.curdir not in path:
+                path.insert(0, os.curdir)
+
+            # PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
+            pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
+            # See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
+            # This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
+            # If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
+            # others.
+            if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
+                files = [cmd]
+            else:
+                files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
+        else:
+            # On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
+            # what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
+            files = [cmd]
+
+        seen = set()
+        for dir in path:
+            normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
+            if normdir not in seen:
+                seen.add(normdir)
+                for thefile in files:
+                    name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
+                    if _access_check(name, mode):
+                        return name
+        return None
+
+
+# ZipFile is a context manager in 2.7, but not in 2.6
+
+from zipfile import ZipFile as BaseZipFile
+
+if hasattr(BaseZipFile, '__enter__'):  # pragma: no cover
+    ZipFile = BaseZipFile
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from zipfile import ZipExtFile as BaseZipExtFile
+
+    class ZipExtFile(BaseZipExtFile):
+
+        def __init__(self, base):
+            self.__dict__.update(base.__dict__)
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+            self.close()
+            # return None, so if an exception occurred, it will propagate
+
+    class ZipFile(BaseZipFile):
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+            self.close()
+            # return None, so if an exception occurred, it will propagate
+
+        def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            base = BaseZipFile.open(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            return ZipExtFile(base)
+
+
+try:
+    from platform import python_implementation
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def python_implementation():
+        """Return a string identifying the Python implementation."""
+        if 'PyPy' in sys.version:
+            return 'PyPy'
+        if os.name == 'java':
+            return 'Jython'
+        if sys.version.startswith('IronPython'):
+            return 'IronPython'
+        return 'CPython'
+
+
+import sysconfig
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+    def callable(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, Callable)
+
+
+try:
+    fsencode = os.fsencode
+    fsdecode = os.fsdecode
+except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Issue #99: on some systems (e.g. containerised),
+    # sys.getfilesystemencoding() returns None, and we need a real value,
+    # so fall back to utf-8. From the CPython 2.7 docs relating to Unix and
+    # sys.getfilesystemencoding(): the return value is "the user’s preference
+    # according to the result of nl_langinfo(CODESET), or None if the
+    # nl_langinfo(CODESET) failed."
+    _fsencoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or 'utf-8'
+    if _fsencoding == 'mbcs':
+        _fserrors = 'strict'
+    else:
+        _fserrors = 'surrogateescape'
+
+    def fsencode(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename
+        elif isinstance(filename, text_type):
+            return filename.encode(_fsencoding, _fserrors)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" %
+                            type(filename).__name__)
+
+    def fsdecode(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, text_type):
+            return filename
+        elif isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename.decode(_fsencoding, _fserrors)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" %
+                            type(filename).__name__)
+
+
+try:
+    from tokenize import detect_encoding
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from codecs import BOM_UTF8, lookup
+
+    cookie_re = re.compile(r"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")
+
+    def _get_normal_name(orig_enc):
+        """Imitates get_normal_name in tokenizer.c."""
+        # Only care about the first 12 characters.
+        enc = orig_enc[:12].lower().replace("_", "-")
+        if enc == "utf-8" or enc.startswith("utf-8-"):
+            return "utf-8"
+        if enc in ("latin-1", "iso-8859-1", "iso-latin-1") or \
+           enc.startswith(("latin-1-", "iso-8859-1-", "iso-latin-1-")):
+            return "iso-8859-1"
+        return orig_enc
+
+    def detect_encoding(readline):
+        """
+        The detect_encoding() function is used to detect the encoding that should
+        be used to decode a Python source file.  It requires one argument, readline,
+        in the same way as the tokenize() generator.
+
+        It will call readline a maximum of twice, and return the encoding used
+        (as a string) and a list of any lines (left as bytes) it has read in.
+
+        It detects the encoding from the presence of a utf-8 bom or an encoding
+        cookie as specified in pep-0263.  If both a bom and a cookie are present,
+        but disagree, a SyntaxError will be raised.  If the encoding cookie is an
+        invalid charset, raise a SyntaxError.  Note that if a utf-8 bom is found,
+        'utf-8-sig' is returned.
+
+        If no encoding is specified, then the default of 'utf-8' will be returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            filename = readline.__self__.name
+        except AttributeError:
+            filename = None
+        bom_found = False
+        encoding = None
+        default = 'utf-8'
+
+        def read_or_stop():
+            try:
+                return readline()
+            except StopIteration:
+                return b''
+
+        def find_cookie(line):
+            try:
+                # Decode as UTF-8. Either the line is an encoding declaration,
+                # in which case it should be pure ASCII, or it must be UTF-8
+                # per default encoding.
+                line_string = line.decode('utf-8')
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                msg = "invalid or missing encoding declaration"
+                if filename is not None:
+                    msg = '{} for {!r}'.format(msg, filename)
+                raise SyntaxError(msg)
+
+            matches = cookie_re.findall(line_string)
+            if not matches:
+                return None
+            encoding = _get_normal_name(matches[0])
+            try:
+                codec = lookup(encoding)
+            except LookupError:
+                # This behaviour mimics the Python interpreter
+                if filename is None:
+                    msg = "unknown encoding: " + encoding
+                else:
+                    msg = "unknown encoding for {!r}: {}".format(
+                        filename, encoding)
+                raise SyntaxError(msg)
+
+            if bom_found:
+                if codec.name != 'utf-8':
+                    # This behaviour mimics the Python interpreter
+                    if filename is None:
+                        msg = 'encoding problem: utf-8'
+                    else:
+                        msg = 'encoding problem for {!r}: utf-8'.format(
+                            filename)
+                    raise SyntaxError(msg)
+                encoding += '-sig'
+            return encoding
+
+        first = read_or_stop()
+        if first.startswith(BOM_UTF8):
+            bom_found = True
+            first = first[3:]
+            default = 'utf-8-sig'
+        if not first:
+            return default, []
+
+        encoding = find_cookie(first)
+        if encoding:
+            return encoding, [first]
+
+        second = read_or_stop()
+        if not second:
+            return default, [first]
+
+        encoding = find_cookie(second)
+        if encoding:
+            return encoding, [first, second]
+
+        return default, [first, second]
+
+
+# For converting & <-> &amp; etc.
+try:
+    from html import escape
+except ImportError:
+    from cgi import escape
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 4):
+    unescape = HTMLParser().unescape
+else:
+    from html import unescape
+
+try:
+    from collections import ChainMap
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from collections import MutableMapping
+
+    try:
+        from reprlib import recursive_repr as _recursive_repr
+    except ImportError:
+
+        def _recursive_repr(fillvalue='...'):
+            '''
+            Decorator to make a repr function return fillvalue for a recursive
+            call
+            '''
+
+            def decorating_function(user_function):
+                repr_running = set()
+
+                def wrapper(self):
+                    key = id(self), get_ident()
+                    if key in repr_running:
+                        return fillvalue
+                    repr_running.add(key)
+                    try:
+                        result = user_function(self)
+                    finally:
+                        repr_running.discard(key)
+                    return result
+
+                # Can't use functools.wraps() here because of bootstrap issues
+                wrapper.__module__ = getattr(user_function, '__module__')
+                wrapper.__doc__ = getattr(user_function, '__doc__')
+                wrapper.__name__ = getattr(user_function, '__name__')
+                wrapper.__annotations__ = getattr(user_function,
+                                                  '__annotations__', {})
+                return wrapper
+
+            return decorating_function
+
+    class ChainMap(MutableMapping):
+        '''
+        A ChainMap groups multiple dicts (or other mappings) together
+        to create a single, updateable view.
+
+        The underlying mappings are stored in a list.  That list is public and can
+        accessed or updated using the *maps* attribute.  There is no other state.
+
+        Lookups search the underlying mappings successively until a key is found.
+        In contrast, writes, updates, and deletions only operate on the first
+        mapping.
+        '''
+
+        def __init__(self, *maps):
+            '''Initialize a ChainMap by setting *maps* to the given mappings.
+            If no mappings are provided, a single empty dictionary is used.
+
+            '''
+            self.maps = list(maps) or [{}]  # always at least one map
+
+        def __missing__(self, key):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                try:
+                    return mapping[
+                        key]  # can't use 'key in mapping' with defaultdict
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            return self.__missing__(
+                key)  # support subclasses that define __missing__
+
+        def get(self, key, default=None):
+            return self[key] if key in self else default
+
+        def __len__(self):
+            return len(set().union(
+                *self.maps))  # reuses stored hash values if possible
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return iter(set().union(*self.maps))
+
+        def __contains__(self, key):
+            return any(key in m for m in self.maps)
+
+        def __bool__(self):
+            return any(self.maps)
+
+        @_recursive_repr()
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return '{0.__class__.__name__}({1})'.format(
+                self, ', '.join(map(repr, self.maps)))
+
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, *args):
+            'Create a ChainMap with a single dict created from the iterable.'
+            return cls(dict.fromkeys(iterable, *args))
+
+        def copy(self):
+            'New ChainMap or subclass with a new copy of maps[0] and refs to maps[1:]'
+            return self.__class__(self.maps[0].copy(), *self.maps[1:])
+
+        __copy__ = copy
+
+        def new_child(self):  # like Django's Context.push()
+            'New ChainMap with a new dict followed by all previous maps.'
+            return self.__class__({}, *self.maps)
+
+        @property
+        def parents(self):  # like Django's Context.pop()
+            'New ChainMap from maps[1:].'
+            return self.__class__(*self.maps[1:])
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+            self.maps[0][key] = value
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key):
+            try:
+                del self.maps[0][key]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    'Key not found in the first mapping: {!r}'.format(key))
+
+        def popitem(self):
+            'Remove and return an item pair from maps[0]. Raise KeyError is maps[0] is empty.'
+            try:
+                return self.maps[0].popitem()
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError('No keys found in the first mapping.')
+
+        def pop(self, key, *args):
+            'Remove *key* from maps[0] and return its value. Raise KeyError if *key* not in maps[0].'
+            try:
+                return self.maps[0].pop(key, *args)
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    'Key not found in the first mapping: {!r}'.format(key))
+
+        def clear(self):
+            'Clear maps[0], leaving maps[1:] intact.'
+            self.maps[0].clear()
+
+
+try:
+    from importlib.util import cache_from_source  # Python >= 3.4
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def cache_from_source(path, debug_override=None):
+        assert path.endswith('.py')
+        if debug_override is None:
+            debug_override = __debug__
+        if debug_override:
+            suffix = 'c'
+        else:
+            suffix = 'o'
+        return path + suffix
+
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/ (r9)
+    # Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
+    # Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
+    try:
+        from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+
+    try:
+        from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    class OrderedDict(dict):
+        'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
+
+        # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
+        # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
+        # The remaining methods are order-aware.
+        # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
+
+        # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
+        # The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
+        # The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
+        # Each link is stored as a list of length three:  [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  Signature is the same as for
+            regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
+            because their insertion order is arbitrary.
+
+            '''
+            if len(args) > 1:
+                raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' %
+                                len(args))
+            try:
+                self.__root
+            except AttributeError:
+                self.__root = root = []  # sentinel node
+                root[:] = [root, root, None]
+                self.__map = {}
+            self.__update(*args, **kwds)
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
+            'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
+            # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
+            # list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
+            if key not in self:
+                root = self.__root
+                last = root[0]
+                last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
+            dict_setitem(self, key, value)
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
+            'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
+            # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
+            # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
+            dict_delitem(self, key)
+            link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
+            link_prev[1] = link_next
+            link_next[0] = link_prev
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
+            root = self.__root
+            curr = root[1]
+            while curr is not root:
+                yield curr[2]
+                curr = curr[1]
+
+        def __reversed__(self):
+            'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
+            root = self.__root
+            curr = root[0]
+            while curr is not root:
+                yield curr[2]
+                curr = curr[0]
+
+        def clear(self):
+            'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
+            try:
+                for node in self.__map.itervalues():
+                    del node[:]
+                root = self.__root
+                root[:] = [root, root, None]
+                self.__map.clear()
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            dict.clear(self)
+
+        def popitem(self, last=True):
+            '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
+            Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
+
+            '''
+            if not self:
+                raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
+            root = self.__root
+            if last:
+                link = root[0]
+                link_prev = link[0]
+                link_prev[1] = root
+                root[0] = link_prev
+            else:
+                link = root[1]
+                link_next = link[1]
+                root[1] = link_next
+                link_next[0] = root
+            key = link[2]
+            del self.__map[key]
+            value = dict.pop(self, key)
+            return key, value
+
+        # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
+
+        def keys(self):
+            'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
+            return list(self)
+
+        def values(self):
+            'od.values() -> list of values in od'
+            return [self[key] for key in self]
+
+        def items(self):
+            'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
+            return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
+
+        def iterkeys(self):
+            'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
+            return iter(self)
+
+        def itervalues(self):
+            'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
+            for k in self:
+                yield self[k]
+
+        def iteritems(self):
+            'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
+            for k in self:
+                yield (k, self[k])
+
+        def update(*args, **kwds):
+            '''od.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
+
+            If E is a dict instance, does:           for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
+            If E has a .keys() method, does:         for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
+            Or if E is an iterable of items, does:   for k, v in E: od[k] = v
+            In either case, this is followed by:     for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
+
+            '''
+            if len(args) > 2:
+                raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
+                                'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args), ))
+            elif not args:
+                raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
+            self = args[0]
+            # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
+            other = ()
+            if len(args) == 2:
+                other = args[1]
+            if isinstance(other, dict):
+                for key in other:
+                    self[key] = other[key]
+            elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+                for key in other.keys():
+                    self[key] = other[key]
+            else:
+                for key, value in other:
+                    self[key] = value
+            for key, value in kwds.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+        __update = update  # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
+
+        __marker = object()
+
+        def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+            '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+            If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+
+            '''
+            if key in self:
+                result = self[key]
+                del self[key]
+                return result
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+            return default
+
+        def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+            'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
+            if key in self:
+                return self[key]
+            self[key] = default
+            return default
+
+        def __repr__(self, _repr_running=None):
+            'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
+            if not _repr_running:
+                _repr_running = {}
+            call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
+            if call_key in _repr_running:
+                return '...'
+            _repr_running[call_key] = 1
+            try:
+                if not self:
+                    return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__, )
+                return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
+            finally:
+                del _repr_running[call_key]
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            'Return state information for pickling'
+            items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
+            inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
+            for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
+                inst_dict.pop(k, None)
+            if inst_dict:
+                return (self.__class__, (items, ), inst_dict)
+            return self.__class__, (items, )
+
+        def copy(self):
+            'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
+            return self.__class__(self)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
+            '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
+            and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
+
+            '''
+            d = cls()
+            for key in iterable:
+                d[key] = value
+            return d
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
+            while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
+
+            '''
+            if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
+                return len(self) == len(
+                    other) and self.items() == other.items()
+            return dict.__eq__(self, other)
+
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return not self == other
+
+        # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
+
+        def viewkeys(self):
+            "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
+            return KeysView(self)
+
+        def viewvalues(self):
+            "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
+            return ValuesView(self)
+
+        def viewitems(self):
+            "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
+            return ItemsView(self)
+
+
+try:
+    from logging.config import BaseConfigurator, valid_ident
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    IDENTIFIER = re.compile('^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$', re.I)
+
+    def valid_ident(s):
+        m = IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+        if not m:
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid Python identifier: %r' % s)
+        return True
+
+    # The ConvertingXXX classes are wrappers around standard Python containers,
+    # and they serve to convert any suitable values in the container. The
+    # conversion converts base dicts, lists and tuples to their wrapped
+    # equivalents, whereas strings which match a conversion format are converted
+    # appropriately.
+    #
+    # Each wrapper should have a configurator attribute holding the actual
+    # configurator to use for conversion.
+
+    class ConvertingDict(dict):
+        """A converting dictionary wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = dict.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+        def get(self, key, default=None):
+            value = dict.get(self, key, default)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=None):
+        value = dict.pop(self, key, default)
+        result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+        if value is not result:
+            if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                ConvertingTuple):
+                result.parent = self
+                result.key = key
+        return result
+
+    class ConvertingList(list):
+        """A converting list wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = list.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+        def pop(self, idx=-1):
+            value = list.pop(self, idx)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            if value is not result:
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+            return result
+
+    class ConvertingTuple(tuple):
+        """A converting tuple wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = tuple.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            if value is not result:
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+    class BaseConfigurator(object):
+        """
+        The configurator base class which defines some useful defaults.
+        """
+
+        CONVERT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^(?P<prefix>[a-z]+)://(?P<suffix>.*)$')
+
+        WORD_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\s*(\w+)\s*')
+        DOT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\.\s*(\w+)\s*')
+        INDEX_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\[\s*(\w+)\s*\]\s*')
+        DIGIT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\d+$')
+
+        value_converters = {
+            'ext': 'ext_convert',
+            'cfg': 'cfg_convert',
+        }
+
+        # We might want to use a different one, e.g. importlib
+        importer = staticmethod(__import__)
+
+        def __init__(self, config):
+            self.config = ConvertingDict(config)
+            self.config.configurator = self
+
+        def resolve(self, s):
+            """
+            Resolve strings to objects using standard import and attribute
+            syntax.
+            """
+            name = s.split('.')
+            used = name.pop(0)
+            try:
+                found = self.importer(used)
+                for frag in name:
+                    used += '.' + frag
+                    try:
+                        found = getattr(found, frag)
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        self.importer(used)
+                        found = getattr(found, frag)
+                return found
+            except ImportError:
+                e, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:]
+                v = ValueError('Cannot resolve %r: %s' % (s, e))
+                v.__cause__, v.__traceback__ = e, tb
+                raise v
+
+        def ext_convert(self, value):
+            """Default converter for the ext:// protocol."""
+            return self.resolve(value)
+
+        def cfg_convert(self, value):
+            """Default converter for the cfg:// protocol."""
+            rest = value
+            m = self.WORD_PATTERN.match(rest)
+            if m is None:
+                raise ValueError("Unable to convert %r" % value)
+            else:
+                rest = rest[m.end():]
+                d = self.config[m.groups()[0]]
+                while rest:
+                    m = self.DOT_PATTERN.match(rest)
+                    if m:
+                        d = d[m.groups()[0]]
+                    else:
+                        m = self.INDEX_PATTERN.match(rest)
+                        if m:
+                            idx = m.groups()[0]
+                            if not self.DIGIT_PATTERN.match(idx):
+                                d = d[idx]
+                            else:
+                                try:
+                                    n = int(
+                                        idx
+                                    )  # try as number first (most likely)
+                                    d = d[n]
+                                except TypeError:
+                                    d = d[idx]
+                    if m:
+                        rest = rest[m.end():]
+                    else:
+                        raise ValueError('Unable to convert '
+                                         '%r at %r' % (value, rest))
+            # rest should be empty
+            return d
+
+        def convert(self, value):
+            """
+            Convert values to an appropriate type. dicts, lists and tuples are
+            replaced by their converting alternatives. Strings are checked to
+            see if they have a conversion format and are converted if they do.
+            """
+            if not isinstance(value, ConvertingDict) and isinstance(
+                    value, dict):
+                value = ConvertingDict(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif not isinstance(value, ConvertingList) and isinstance(
+                    value, list):
+                value = ConvertingList(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif not isinstance(value, ConvertingTuple) and isinstance(value, tuple):
+                value = ConvertingTuple(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif isinstance(value, string_types):
+                m = self.CONVERT_PATTERN.match(value)
+                if m:
+                    d = m.groupdict()
+                    prefix = d['prefix']
+                    converter = self.value_converters.get(prefix, None)
+                    if converter:
+                        suffix = d['suffix']
+                        converter = getattr(self, converter)
+                        value = converter(suffix)
+            return value
+
+        def configure_custom(self, config):
+            """Configure an object with a user-supplied factory."""
+            c = config.pop('()')
+            if not callable(c):
+                c = self.resolve(c)
+            props = config.pop('.', None)
+            # Check for valid identifiers
+            kwargs = dict([(k, config[k]) for k in config if valid_ident(k)])
+            result = c(**kwargs)
+            if props:
+                for name, value in props.items():
+                    setattr(result, name, value)
+            return result
+
+        def as_tuple(self, value):
+            """Utility function which converts lists to tuples."""
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                value = tuple(value)
+            return value
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb3765f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1359 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""PEP 376 implementation."""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import sys
+import zipimport
+
+from . import DistlibException, resources
+from .compat import StringIO
+from .version import get_scheme, UnsupportedVersionError
+from .metadata import (Metadata, METADATA_FILENAME, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME,
+                       LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+from .util import (parse_requirement, cached_property, parse_name_and_version,
+                   read_exports, write_exports, CSVReader, CSVWriter)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Distribution', 'BaseInstalledDistribution', 'InstalledDistribution',
+    'EggInfoDistribution', 'DistributionPath'
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+EXPORTS_FILENAME = 'pydist-exports.json'
+COMMANDS_FILENAME = 'pydist-commands.json'
+
+DIST_FILES = ('INSTALLER', METADATA_FILENAME, 'RECORD', 'REQUESTED',
+              'RESOURCES', EXPORTS_FILENAME, 'SHARED')
+
+DISTINFO_EXT = '.dist-info'
+
+
+class _Cache(object):
+    """
+    A simple cache mapping names and .dist-info paths to distributions
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance. There is normally one for each DistributionPath.
+        """
+        self.name = {}
+        self.path = {}
+        self.generated = False
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear the cache, setting it to its initial state.
+        """
+        self.name.clear()
+        self.path.clear()
+        self.generated = False
+
+    def add(self, dist):
+        """
+        Add a distribution to the cache.
+        :param dist: The distribution to add.
+        """
+        if dist.path not in self.path:
+            self.path[dist.path] = dist
+            self.name.setdefault(dist.key, []).append(dist)
+
+
+class DistributionPath(object):
+    """
+    Represents a set of distributions installed on a path (typically sys.path).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, include_egg=False):
+        """
+        Create an instance from a path, optionally including legacy (distutils/
+        setuptools/distribute) distributions.
+        :param path: The path to use, as a list of directories. If not specified,
+                     sys.path is used.
+        :param include_egg: If True, this instance will look for and return legacy
+                            distributions as well as those based on PEP 376.
+        """
+        if path is None:
+            path = sys.path
+        self.path = path
+        self._include_dist = True
+        self._include_egg = include_egg
+
+        self._cache = _Cache()
+        self._cache_egg = _Cache()
+        self._cache_enabled = True
+        self._scheme = get_scheme('default')
+
+    def _get_cache_enabled(self):
+        return self._cache_enabled
+
+    def _set_cache_enabled(self, value):
+        self._cache_enabled = value
+
+    cache_enabled = property(_get_cache_enabled, _set_cache_enabled)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """
+        Clears the internal cache.
+        """
+        self._cache.clear()
+        self._cache_egg.clear()
+
+    def _yield_distributions(self):
+        """
+        Yield .dist-info and/or .egg(-info) distributions.
+        """
+        # We need to check if we've seen some resources already, because on
+        # some Linux systems (e.g. some Debian/Ubuntu variants) there are
+        # symlinks which alias other files in the environment.
+        seen = set()
+        for path in self.path:
+            finder = resources.finder_for_path(path)
+            if finder is None:
+                continue
+            r = finder.find('')
+            if not r or not r.is_container:
+                continue
+            rset = sorted(r.resources)
+            for entry in rset:
+                r = finder.find(entry)
+                if not r or r.path in seen:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    if self._include_dist and entry.endswith(DISTINFO_EXT):
+                        possible_filenames = [
+                            METADATA_FILENAME, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME,
+                            LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
+                        ]
+                        for metadata_filename in possible_filenames:
+                            metadata_path = posixpath.join(
+                                entry, metadata_filename)
+                            pydist = finder.find(metadata_path)
+                            if pydist:
+                                break
+                        else:
+                            continue
+
+                        with contextlib.closing(pydist.as_stream()) as stream:
+                            metadata = Metadata(fileobj=stream,
+                                                scheme='legacy')
+                        logger.debug('Found %s', r.path)
+                        seen.add(r.path)
+                        yield new_dist_class(r.path,
+                                             metadata=metadata,
+                                             env=self)
+                    elif self._include_egg and entry.endswith(
+                            ('.egg-info', '.egg')):
+                        logger.debug('Found %s', r.path)
+                        seen.add(r.path)
+                        yield old_dist_class(r.path, self)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    msg = 'Unable to read distribution at %s, perhaps due to bad metadata: %s'
+                    logger.warning(msg, r.path, e)
+                    import warnings
+                    warnings.warn(msg % (r.path, e), stacklevel=2)
+
+    def _generate_cache(self):
+        """
+        Scan the path for distributions and populate the cache with
+        those that are found.
+        """
+        gen_dist = not self._cache.generated
+        gen_egg = self._include_egg and not self._cache_egg.generated
+        if gen_dist or gen_egg:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                if isinstance(dist, InstalledDistribution):
+                    self._cache.add(dist)
+                else:
+                    self._cache_egg.add(dist)
+
+            if gen_dist:
+                self._cache.generated = True
+            if gen_egg:
+                self._cache_egg.generated = True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def distinfo_dirname(cls, name, version):
+        """
+        The *name* and *version* parameters are converted into their
+        filename-escaped form, i.e. any ``'-'`` characters are replaced
+        with ``'_'`` other than the one in ``'dist-info'`` and the one
+        separating the name from the version number.
+
+        :parameter name: is converted to a standard distribution name by replacing
+                         any runs of non- alphanumeric characters with a single
+                         ``'-'``.
+        :type name: string
+        :parameter version: is converted to a standard version string. Spaces
+                            become dots, and all other non-alphanumeric characters
+                            (except dots) become dashes, with runs of multiple
+                            dashes condensed to a single dash.
+        :type version: string
+        :returns: directory name
+        :rtype: string"""
+        name = name.replace('-', '_')
+        return '-'.join([name, version]) + DISTINFO_EXT
+
+    def get_distributions(self):
+        """
+        Provides an iterator that looks for distributions and returns
+        :class:`InstalledDistribution` or
+        :class:`EggInfoDistribution` instances for each one of them.
+
+        :rtype: iterator of :class:`InstalledDistribution` and
+                :class:`EggInfoDistribution` instances
+        """
+        if not self._cache_enabled:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                yield dist
+        else:
+            self._generate_cache()
+
+            for dist in self._cache.path.values():
+                yield dist
+
+            if self._include_egg:
+                for dist in self._cache_egg.path.values():
+                    yield dist
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name):
+        """
+        Looks for a named distribution on the path.
+
+        This function only returns the first result found, as no more than one
+        value is expected. If nothing is found, ``None`` is returned.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`InstalledDistribution`, :class:`EggInfoDistribution`
+                or ``None``
+        """
+        result = None
+        name = name.lower()
+        if not self._cache_enabled:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                if dist.key == name:
+                    result = dist
+                    break
+        else:
+            self._generate_cache()
+
+            if name in self._cache.name:
+                result = self._cache.name[name][0]
+            elif self._include_egg and name in self._cache_egg.name:
+                result = self._cache_egg.name[name][0]
+        return result
+
+    def provides_distribution(self, name, version=None):
+        """
+        Iterates over all distributions to find which distributions provide *name*.
+        If a *version* is provided, it will be used to filter the results.
+
+        This function only returns the first result found, since no more than
+        one values are expected. If the directory is not found, returns ``None``.
+
+        :parameter version: a version specifier that indicates the version
+                            required, conforming to the format in ``PEP-345``
+
+        :type name: string
+        :type version: string
+        """
+        matcher = None
+        if version is not None:
+            try:
+                matcher = self._scheme.matcher('%s (%s)' % (name, version))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise DistlibException('invalid name or version: %r, %r' %
+                                       (name, version))
+
+        for dist in self.get_distributions():
+            # We hit a problem on Travis where enum34 was installed and doesn't
+            # have a provides attribute ...
+            if not hasattr(dist, 'provides'):
+                logger.debug('No "provides": %s', dist)
+            else:
+                provided = dist.provides
+
+                for p in provided:
+                    p_name, p_ver = parse_name_and_version(p)
+                    if matcher is None:
+                        if p_name == name:
+                            yield dist
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        if p_name == name and matcher.match(p_ver):
+                            yield dist
+                            break
+
+    def get_file_path(self, name, relative_path):
+        """
+        Return the path to a resource file.
+        """
+        dist = self.get_distribution(name)
+        if dist is None:
+            raise LookupError('no distribution named %r found' % name)
+        return dist.get_resource_path(relative_path)
+
+    def get_exported_entries(self, category, name=None):
+        """
+        Return all of the exported entries in a particular category.
+
+        :param category: The category to search for entries.
+        :param name: If specified, only entries with that name are returned.
+        """
+        for dist in self.get_distributions():
+            r = dist.exports
+            if category in r:
+                d = r[category]
+                if name is not None:
+                    if name in d:
+                        yield d[name]
+                else:
+                    for v in d.values():
+                        yield v
+
+
+class Distribution(object):
+    """
+    A base class for distributions, whether installed or from indexes.
+    Either way, it must have some metadata, so that's all that's needed
+    for construction.
+    """
+
+    build_time_dependency = False
+    """
+    Set to True if it's known to be only a build-time dependency (i.e.
+    not needed after installation).
+    """
+
+    requested = False
+    """A boolean that indicates whether the ``REQUESTED`` metadata file is
+    present (in other words, whether the package was installed by user
+    request or it was installed as a dependency)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param metadata: The instance of :class:`Metadata` describing this
+        distribution.
+        """
+        self.metadata = metadata
+        self.name = metadata.name
+        self.key = self.name.lower()  # for case-insensitive comparisons
+        self.version = metadata.version
+        self.locator = None
+        self.digest = None
+        self.extras = None  # additional features requested
+        self.context = None  # environment marker overrides
+        self.download_urls = set()
+        self.digests = {}
+
+    @property
+    def source_url(self):
+        """
+        The source archive download URL for this distribution.
+        """
+        return self.metadata.source_url
+
+    download_url = source_url  # Backward compatibility
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_version(self):
+        """
+        A utility property which displays the name and version in parentheses.
+        """
+        return '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    @property
+    def provides(self):
+        """
+        A set of distribution names and versions provided by this distribution.
+        :return: A set of "name (version)" strings.
+        """
+        plist = self.metadata.provides
+        s = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+        if s not in plist:
+            plist.append(s)
+        return plist
+
+    def _get_requirements(self, req_attr):
+        md = self.metadata
+        reqts = getattr(md, req_attr)
+        logger.debug('%s: got requirements %r from metadata: %r', self.name,
+                     req_attr, reqts)
+        return set(
+            md.get_requirements(reqts, extras=self.extras, env=self.context))
+
+    @property
+    def run_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('run_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def meta_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('meta_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def build_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('build_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def test_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('test_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def dev_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('dev_requires')
+
+    def matches_requirement(self, req):
+        """
+        Say if this instance matches (fulfills) a requirement.
+        :param req: The requirement to match.
+        :rtype req: str
+        :return: True if it matches, else False.
+        """
+        # Requirement may contain extras - parse to lose those
+        # from what's passed to the matcher
+        r = parse_requirement(req)
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.metadata.scheme)
+        try:
+            matcher = scheme.matcher(r.requirement)
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+            logger.warning('could not read version %r - using name only', req)
+            name = req.split()[0]
+            matcher = scheme.matcher(name)
+
+        name = matcher.key  # case-insensitive
+
+        result = False
+        for p in self.provides:
+            p_name, p_ver = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            if p_name != name:
+                continue
+            try:
+                result = matcher.match(p_ver)
+                break
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Return a textual representation of this instance,
+        """
+        if self.source_url:
+            suffix = ' [%s]' % self.source_url
+        else:
+            suffix = ''
+        return '<Distribution %s (%s)%s>' % (self.name, self.version, suffix)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """
+        See if this distribution is the same as another.
+        :param other: The distribution to compare with. To be equal to one
+                      another. distributions must have the same type, name,
+                      version and source_url.
+        :return: True if it is the same, else False.
+        """
+        if type(other) is not type(self):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            result = (self.name == other.name and self.version == other.version
+                      and self.source_url == other.source_url)
+        return result
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Compute hash in a way which matches the equality test.
+        """
+        return hash(self.name) + hash(self.version) + hash(self.source_url)
+
+
+class BaseInstalledDistribution(Distribution):
+    """
+    This is the base class for installed distributions (whether PEP 376 or
+    legacy).
+    """
+
+    hasher = None
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata, path, env=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param metadata: An instance of :class:`Metadata` which describes the
+                         distribution. This will normally have been initialised
+                         from a metadata file in the ``path``.
+        :param path:     The path of the ``.dist-info`` or ``.egg-info``
+                         directory for the distribution.
+        :param env:      This is normally the :class:`DistributionPath`
+                         instance where this distribution was found.
+        """
+        super(BaseInstalledDistribution, self).__init__(metadata)
+        self.path = path
+        self.dist_path = env
+
+    def get_hash(self, data, hasher=None):
+        """
+        Get the hash of some data, using a particular hash algorithm, if
+        specified.
+
+        :param data: The data to be hashed.
+        :type data: bytes
+        :param hasher: The name of a hash implementation, supported by hashlib,
+                       or ``None``. Examples of valid values are ``'sha1'``,
+                       ``'sha224'``, ``'sha384'``, '``sha256'``, ``'md5'`` and
+                       ``'sha512'``. If no hasher is specified, the ``hasher``
+                       attribute of the :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance
+                       is used. If the hasher is determined to be ``None``, MD5
+                       is used as the hashing algorithm.
+        :returns: The hash of the data. If a hasher was explicitly specified,
+                  the returned hash will be prefixed with the specified hasher
+                  followed by '='.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        if hasher is None:
+            hasher = self.hasher
+        if hasher is None:
+            hasher = hashlib.md5
+            prefix = ''
+        else:
+            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hasher)
+            prefix = '%s=' % self.hasher
+        digest = hasher(data).digest()
+        digest = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
+        return '%s%s' % (prefix, digest)
+
+
+class InstalledDistribution(BaseInstalledDistribution):
+    """
+    Created with the *path* of the ``.dist-info`` directory provided to the
+    constructor. It reads the metadata contained in ``pydist.json`` when it is
+    instantiated., or uses a passed in Metadata instance (useful for when
+    dry-run mode is being used).
+    """
+
+    hasher = 'sha256'
+
+    def __init__(self, path, metadata=None, env=None):
+        self.modules = []
+        self.finder = finder = resources.finder_for_path(path)
+        if finder is None:
+            raise ValueError('finder unavailable for %s' % path)
+        if env and env._cache_enabled and path in env._cache.path:
+            metadata = env._cache.path[path].metadata
+        elif metadata is None:
+            r = finder.find(METADATA_FILENAME)
+            # Temporary - for Wheel 0.23 support
+            if r is None:
+                r = finder.find(WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            # Temporary - for legacy support
+            if r is None:
+                r = finder.find(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            if r is None:
+                raise ValueError('no %s found in %s' %
+                                 (METADATA_FILENAME, path))
+            with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+                metadata = Metadata(fileobj=stream, scheme='legacy')
+
+        super(InstalledDistribution, self).__init__(metadata, path, env)
+
+        if env and env._cache_enabled:
+            env._cache.add(self)
+
+        r = finder.find('REQUESTED')
+        self.requested = r is not None
+        p = os.path.join(path, 'top_level.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(p):
+            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read().decode('utf-8')
+            self.modules = data.splitlines()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<InstalledDistribution %r %s at %r>' % (
+            self.name, self.version, self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s %s" % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    def _get_records(self):
+        """
+        Get the list of installed files for the distribution
+        :return: A list of tuples of path, hash and size. Note that hash and
+                 size might be ``None`` for some entries. The path is exactly
+                 as stored in the file (which is as in PEP 376).
+        """
+        results = []
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource('RECORD')
+        with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+            with CSVReader(stream=stream) as record_reader:
+                # Base location is parent dir of .dist-info dir
+                # base_location = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+                # base_location = os.path.abspath(base_location)
+                for row in record_reader:
+                    missing = [None for i in range(len(row), 3)]
+                    path, checksum, size = row + missing
+                    # if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                    #     path = path.replace('/', os.sep)
+                    #     path = os.path.join(base_location, path)
+                    results.append((path, checksum, size))
+        return results
+
+    @cached_property
+    def exports(self):
+        """
+        Return the information exported by this distribution.
+        :return: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to a dict
+                 of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the individual
+                 export entries, and keyed by name.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        if r:
+            result = self.read_exports()
+        return result
+
+    def read_exports(self):
+        """
+        Read exports data from a file in .ini format.
+
+        :return: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to a list
+                 of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the individual
+                 export entries.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        if r:
+            with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+                result = read_exports(stream)
+        return result
+
+    def write_exports(self, exports):
+        """
+        Write a dictionary of exports to a file in .ini format.
+        :param exports: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to
+                        a list of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the
+                        individual export entries.
+        """
+        rf = self.get_distinfo_file(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        with open(rf, 'w') as f:
+            write_exports(exports, f)
+
+    def get_resource_path(self, relative_path):
+        """
+        NOTE: This API may change in the future.
+
+        Return the absolute path to a resource file with the given relative
+        path.
+
+        :param relative_path: The path, relative to .dist-info, of the resource
+                              of interest.
+        :return: The absolute path where the resource is to be found.
+        """
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource('RESOURCES')
+        with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+            with CSVReader(stream=stream) as resources_reader:
+                for relative, destination in resources_reader:
+                    if relative == relative_path:
+                        return destination
+        raise KeyError('no resource file with relative path %r '
+                       'is installed' % relative_path)
+
+    def list_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``RECORD`` entries and returns a tuple
+        ``(path, hash, size)`` for each line.
+
+        :returns: iterator of (path, hash, size)
+        """
+        for result in self._get_records():
+            yield result
+
+    def write_installed_files(self, paths, prefix, dry_run=False):
+        """
+        Writes the ``RECORD`` file, using the ``paths`` iterable passed in. Any
+        existing ``RECORD`` file is silently overwritten.
+
+        prefix is used to determine when to write absolute paths.
+        """
+        prefix = os.path.join(prefix, '')
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        base_under_prefix = base.startswith(prefix)
+        base = os.path.join(base, '')
+        record_path = self.get_distinfo_file('RECORD')
+        logger.info('creating %s', record_path)
+        if dry_run:
+            return None
+        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
+            for path in paths:
+                if os.path.isdir(path) or path.endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                    # do not put size and hash, as in PEP-376
+                    hash_value = size = ''
+                else:
+                    size = '%d' % os.path.getsize(path)
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as fp:
+                        hash_value = self.get_hash(fp.read())
+                if path.startswith(base) or (base_under_prefix
+                                             and path.startswith(prefix)):
+                    path = os.path.relpath(path, base)
+                writer.writerow((path, hash_value, size))
+
+            # add the RECORD file itself
+            if record_path.startswith(base):
+                record_path = os.path.relpath(record_path, base)
+            writer.writerow((record_path, '', ''))
+        return record_path
+
+    def check_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Checks that the hashes and sizes of the files in ``RECORD`` are
+        matched by the files themselves. Returns a (possibly empty) list of
+        mismatches. Each entry in the mismatch list will be a tuple consisting
+        of the path, 'exists', 'size' or 'hash' according to what didn't match
+        (existence is checked first, then size, then hash), the expected
+        value and the actual value.
+        """
+        mismatches = []
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        record_path = self.get_distinfo_file('RECORD')
+        for path, hash_value, size in self.list_installed_files():
+            if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                path = os.path.join(base, path)
+            if path == record_path:
+                continue
+            if not os.path.exists(path):
+                mismatches.append((path, 'exists', True, False))
+            elif os.path.isfile(path):
+                actual_size = str(os.path.getsize(path))
+                if size and actual_size != size:
+                    mismatches.append((path, 'size', size, actual_size))
+                elif hash_value:
+                    if '=' in hash_value:
+                        hasher = hash_value.split('=', 1)[0]
+                    else:
+                        hasher = None
+
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+                        actual_hash = self.get_hash(f.read(), hasher)
+                        if actual_hash != hash_value:
+                            mismatches.append(
+                                (path, 'hash', hash_value, actual_hash))
+        return mismatches
+
+    @cached_property
+    def shared_locations(self):
+        """
+        A dictionary of shared locations whose keys are in the set 'prefix',
+        'purelib', 'platlib', 'scripts', 'headers', 'data' and 'namespace'.
+        The corresponding value is the absolute path of that category for
+        this distribution, and takes into account any paths selected by the
+        user at installation time (e.g. via command-line arguments). In the
+        case of the 'namespace' key, this would be a list of absolute paths
+        for the roots of namespace packages in this distribution.
+
+        The first time this property is accessed, the relevant information is
+        read from the SHARED file in the .dist-info directory.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        shared_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'SHARED')
+        if os.path.isfile(shared_path):
+            with codecs.open(shared_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                lines = f.read().splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                key, value = line.split('=', 1)
+                if key == 'namespace':
+                    result.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+                else:
+                    result[key] = value
+        return result
+
+    def write_shared_locations(self, paths, dry_run=False):
+        """
+        Write shared location information to the SHARED file in .dist-info.
+        :param paths: A dictionary as described in the documentation for
+        :meth:`shared_locations`.
+        :param dry_run: If True, the action is logged but no file is actually
+                        written.
+        :return: The path of the file written to.
+        """
+        shared_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'SHARED')
+        logger.info('creating %s', shared_path)
+        if dry_run:
+            return None
+        lines = []
+        for key in ('prefix', 'lib', 'headers', 'scripts', 'data'):
+            path = paths[key]
+            if os.path.isdir(paths[key]):
+                lines.append('%s=%s' % (key, path))
+        for ns in paths.get('namespace', ()):
+            lines.append('namespace=%s' % ns)
+
+        with codecs.open(shared_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(lines))
+        return shared_path
+
+    def get_distinfo_resource(self, path):
+        if path not in DIST_FILES:
+            raise DistlibException('invalid path for a dist-info file: '
+                                   '%r at %r' % (path, self.path))
+        finder = resources.finder_for_path(self.path)
+        if finder is None:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to get a finder for %s' % self.path)
+        return finder.find(path)
+
+    def get_distinfo_file(self, path):
+        """
+        Returns a path located under the ``.dist-info`` directory. Returns a
+        string representing the path.
+
+        :parameter path: a ``'/'``-separated path relative to the
+                         ``.dist-info`` directory or an absolute path;
+                         If *path* is an absolute path and doesn't start
+                         with the ``.dist-info`` directory path,
+                         a :class:`DistlibException` is raised
+        :type path: str
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        # Check if it is an absolute path  # XXX use relpath, add tests
+        if path.find(os.sep) >= 0:
+            # it's an absolute path?
+            distinfo_dirname, path = path.split(os.sep)[-2:]
+            if distinfo_dirname != self.path.split(os.sep)[-1]:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    'dist-info file %r does not belong to the %r %s '
+                    'distribution' % (path, self.name, self.version))
+
+        # The file must be relative
+        if path not in DIST_FILES:
+            raise DistlibException('invalid path for a dist-info file: '
+                                   '%r at %r' % (path, self.path))
+
+        return os.path.join(self.path, path)
+
+    def list_distinfo_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``RECORD`` entries and returns paths for each line if
+        the path is pointing to a file located in the ``.dist-info`` directory
+        or one of its subdirectories.
+
+        :returns: iterator of paths
+        """
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        for path, checksum, size in self._get_records():
+            # XXX add separator or use real relpath algo
+            if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                path = os.path.join(base, path)
+            if path.startswith(self.path):
+                yield path
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, InstalledDistribution)
+                and self.path == other.path)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+class EggInfoDistribution(BaseInstalledDistribution):
+    """Created with the *path* of the ``.egg-info`` directory or file provided
+    to the constructor. It reads the metadata contained in the file itself, or
+    if the given path happens to be a directory, the metadata is read from the
+    file ``PKG-INFO`` under that directory."""
+
+    requested = True  # as we have no way of knowing, assume it was
+    shared_locations = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, path, env=None):
+
+        def set_name_and_version(s, n, v):
+            s.name = n
+            s.key = n.lower()  # for case-insensitive comparisons
+            s.version = v
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.dist_path = env
+        if env and env._cache_enabled and path in env._cache_egg.path:
+            metadata = env._cache_egg.path[path].metadata
+            set_name_and_version(self, metadata.name, metadata.version)
+        else:
+            metadata = self._get_metadata(path)
+
+            # Need to be set before caching
+            set_name_and_version(self, metadata.name, metadata.version)
+
+            if env and env._cache_enabled:
+                env._cache_egg.add(self)
+        super(EggInfoDistribution, self).__init__(metadata, path, env)
+
+    def _get_metadata(self, path):
+        requires = None
+
+        def parse_requires_data(data):
+            """Create a list of dependencies from a requires.txt file.
+
+            *data*: the contents of a setuptools-produced requires.txt file.
+            """
+            reqs = []
+            lines = data.splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                line = line.strip()
+                # sectioned files have bare newlines (separating sections)
+                if not line:  # pragma: no cover
+                    continue
+                if line.startswith('['):  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning(
+                        'Unexpected line: quitting requirement scan: %r', line)
+                    break
+                r = parse_requirement(line)
+                if not r:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('Not recognised as a requirement: %r', line)
+                    continue
+                if r.extras:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('extra requirements in requires.txt are '
+                                   'not supported')
+                if not r.constraints:
+                    reqs.append(r.name)
+                else:
+                    cons = ', '.join('%s%s' % c for c in r.constraints)
+                    reqs.append('%s (%s)' % (r.name, cons))
+            return reqs
+
+        def parse_requires_path(req_path):
+            """Create a list of dependencies from a requires.txt file.
+
+            *req_path*: the path to a setuptools-produced requires.txt file.
+            """
+
+            reqs = []
+            try:
+                with codecs.open(req_path, 'r', 'utf-8') as fp:
+                    reqs = parse_requires_data(fp.read())
+            except IOError:
+                pass
+            return reqs
+
+        tl_path = tl_data = None
+        if path.endswith('.egg'):
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                p = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
+                meta_path = os.path.join(p, 'PKG-INFO')
+                metadata = Metadata(path=meta_path, scheme='legacy')
+                req_path = os.path.join(p, 'requires.txt')
+                tl_path = os.path.join(p, 'top_level.txt')
+                requires = parse_requires_path(req_path)
+            else:
+                # FIXME handle the case where zipfile is not available
+                zipf = zipimport.zipimporter(path)
+                fileobj = StringIO(
+                    zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/PKG-INFO').decode('utf8'))
+                metadata = Metadata(fileobj=fileobj, scheme='legacy')
+                try:
+                    data = zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/requires.txt')
+                    tl_data = zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/top_level.txt').decode(
+                        'utf-8')
+                    requires = parse_requires_data(data.decode('utf-8'))
+                except IOError:
+                    requires = None
+        elif path.endswith('.egg-info'):
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                req_path = os.path.join(path, 'requires.txt')
+                requires = parse_requires_path(req_path)
+                path = os.path.join(path, 'PKG-INFO')
+                tl_path = os.path.join(path, 'top_level.txt')
+            metadata = Metadata(path=path, scheme='legacy')
+        else:
+            raise DistlibException('path must end with .egg-info or .egg, '
+                                   'got %r' % path)
+
+        if requires:
+            metadata.add_requirements(requires)
+        # look for top-level modules in top_level.txt, if present
+        if tl_data is None:
+            if tl_path is not None and os.path.exists(tl_path):
+                with open(tl_path, 'rb') as f:
+                    tl_data = f.read().decode('utf-8')
+        if not tl_data:
+            tl_data = []
+        else:
+            tl_data = tl_data.splitlines()
+        self.modules = tl_data
+        return metadata
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<EggInfoDistribution %r %s at %r>' % (self.name, self.version,
+                                                      self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s %s" % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    def check_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Checks that the hashes and sizes of the files in ``RECORD`` are
+        matched by the files themselves. Returns a (possibly empty) list of
+        mismatches. Each entry in the mismatch list will be a tuple consisting
+        of the path, 'exists', 'size' or 'hash' according to what didn't match
+        (existence is checked first, then size, then hash), the expected
+        value and the actual value.
+        """
+        mismatches = []
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            for path, _, _ in self.list_installed_files():
+                if path == record_path:
+                    continue
+                if not os.path.exists(path):
+                    mismatches.append((path, 'exists', True, False))
+        return mismatches
+
+    def list_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``installed-files.txt`` entries and returns a tuple
+        ``(path, hash, size)`` for each line.
+
+        :returns: a list of (path, hash, size)
+        """
+
+        def _md5(path):
+            f = open(path, 'rb')
+            try:
+                content = f.read()
+            finally:
+                f.close()
+            return hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest()
+
+        def _size(path):
+            return os.stat(path).st_size
+
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        result = []
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            with codecs.open(record_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.path, line))
+                    # "./" is present as a marker between installed files
+                    # and installation metadata files
+                    if not os.path.exists(p):
+                        logger.warning('Non-existent file: %s', p)
+                        if p.endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                            continue
+                        # otherwise fall through and fail
+                    if not os.path.isdir(p):
+                        result.append((p, _md5(p), _size(p)))
+            result.append((record_path, None, None))
+        return result
+
+    def list_distinfo_files(self, absolute=False):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``installed-files.txt`` entries and returns paths for
+        each line if the path is pointing to a file located in the
+        ``.egg-info`` directory or one of its subdirectories.
+
+        :parameter absolute: If *absolute* is ``True``, each returned path is
+                          transformed into a local absolute path. Otherwise the
+                          raw value from ``installed-files.txt`` is returned.
+        :type absolute: boolean
+        :returns: iterator of paths
+        """
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            skip = True
+            with codecs.open(record_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    if line == './':
+                        skip = False
+                        continue
+                    if not skip:
+                        p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.path, line))
+                        if p.startswith(self.path):
+                            if absolute:
+                                yield p
+                            else:
+                                yield line
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, EggInfoDistribution)
+                and self.path == other.path)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+new_dist_class = InstalledDistribution
+old_dist_class = EggInfoDistribution
+
+
+class DependencyGraph(object):
+    """
+    Represents a dependency graph between distributions.
+
+    The dependency relationships are stored in an ``adjacency_list`` that maps
+    distributions to a list of ``(other, label)`` tuples where  ``other``
+    is a distribution and the edge is labeled with ``label`` (i.e. the version
+    specifier, if such was provided). Also, for more efficient traversal, for
+    every distribution ``x``, a list of predecessors is kept in
+    ``reverse_list[x]``. An edge from distribution ``a`` to
+    distribution ``b`` means that ``a`` depends on ``b``. If any missing
+    dependencies are found, they are stored in ``missing``, which is a
+    dictionary that maps distributions to a list of requirements that were not
+    provided by any other distributions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.adjacency_list = {}
+        self.reverse_list = {}
+        self.missing = {}
+
+    def add_distribution(self, distribution):
+        """Add the *distribution* to the graph.
+
+        :type distribution: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution`
+                            or :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        """
+        self.adjacency_list[distribution] = []
+        self.reverse_list[distribution] = []
+        # self.missing[distribution] = []
+
+    def add_edge(self, x, y, label=None):
+        """Add an edge from distribution *x* to distribution *y* with the given
+        *label*.
+
+        :type x: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` or
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type y: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` or
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type label: ``str`` or ``None``
+        """
+        self.adjacency_list[x].append((y, label))
+        # multiple edges are allowed, so be careful
+        if x not in self.reverse_list[y]:
+            self.reverse_list[y].append(x)
+
+    def add_missing(self, distribution, requirement):
+        """
+        Add a missing *requirement* for the given *distribution*.
+
+        :type distribution: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution`
+                            or :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type requirement: ``str``
+        """
+        logger.debug('%s missing %r', distribution, requirement)
+        self.missing.setdefault(distribution, []).append(requirement)
+
+    def _repr_dist(self, dist):
+        return '%s %s' % (dist.name, dist.version)
+
+    def repr_node(self, dist, level=1):
+        """Prints only a subgraph"""
+        output = [self._repr_dist(dist)]
+        for other, label in self.adjacency_list[dist]:
+            dist = self._repr_dist(other)
+            if label is not None:
+                dist = '%s [%s]' % (dist, label)
+            output.append('    ' * level + str(dist))
+            suboutput = self.repr_node(other, level + 1)
+            subs = suboutput.split('\n')
+            output.extend(subs[1:])
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+    def to_dot(self, f, skip_disconnected=True):
+        """Writes a DOT output for the graph to the provided file *f*.
+
+        If *skip_disconnected* is set to ``True``, then all distributions
+        that are not dependent on any other distribution are skipped.
+
+        :type f: has to support ``file``-like operations
+        :type skip_disconnected: ``bool``
+        """
+        disconnected = []
+
+        f.write("digraph dependencies {\n")
+        for dist, adjs in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            if len(adjs) == 0 and not skip_disconnected:
+                disconnected.append(dist)
+            for other, label in adjs:
+                if label is not None:
+                    f.write('"%s" -> "%s" [label="%s"]\n' %
+                            (dist.name, other.name, label))
+                else:
+                    f.write('"%s" -> "%s"\n' % (dist.name, other.name))
+        if not skip_disconnected and len(disconnected) > 0:
+            f.write('subgraph disconnected {\n')
+            f.write('label = "Disconnected"\n')
+            f.write('bgcolor = red\n')
+
+            for dist in disconnected:
+                f.write('"%s"' % dist.name)
+                f.write('\n')
+            f.write('}\n')
+        f.write('}\n')
+
+    def topological_sort(self):
+        """
+        Perform a topological sort of the graph.
+        :return: A tuple, the first element of which is a topologically sorted
+                 list of distributions, and the second element of which is a
+                 list of distributions that cannot be sorted because they have
+                 circular dependencies and so form a cycle.
+        """
+        result = []
+        # Make a shallow copy of the adjacency list
+        alist = {}
+        for k, v in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            alist[k] = v[:]
+        while True:
+            # See what we can remove in this run
+            to_remove = []
+            for k, v in list(alist.items())[:]:
+                if not v:
+                    to_remove.append(k)
+                    del alist[k]
+            if not to_remove:
+                # What's left in alist (if anything) is a cycle.
+                break
+            # Remove from the adjacency list of others
+            for k, v in alist.items():
+                alist[k] = [(d, r) for d, r in v if d not in to_remove]
+            logger.debug('Moving to result: %s',
+                         ['%s (%s)' % (d.name, d.version) for d in to_remove])
+            result.extend(to_remove)
+        return result, list(alist.keys())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Representation of the graph"""
+        output = []
+        for dist, adjs in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            output.append(self.repr_node(dist))
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+
+def make_graph(dists, scheme='default'):
+    """Makes a dependency graph from the given distributions.
+
+    :parameter dists: a list of distributions
+    :type dists: list of :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` and
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution` instances
+    :rtype: a :class:`DependencyGraph` instance
+    """
+    scheme = get_scheme(scheme)
+    graph = DependencyGraph()
+    provided = {}  # maps names to lists of (version, dist) tuples
+
+    # first, build the graph and find out what's provided
+    for dist in dists:
+        graph.add_distribution(dist)
+
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Add to provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            provided.setdefault(name, []).append((version, dist))
+
+    # now make the edges
+    for dist in dists:
+        requires = (dist.run_requires | dist.meta_requires
+                    | dist.build_requires | dist.dev_requires)
+        for req in requires:
+            try:
+                matcher = scheme.matcher(req)
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+                logger.warning('could not read version %r - using name only',
+                               req)
+                name = req.split()[0]
+                matcher = scheme.matcher(name)
+
+            name = matcher.key  # case-insensitive
+
+            matched = False
+            if name in provided:
+                for version, provider in provided[name]:
+                    try:
+                        match = matcher.match(version)
+                    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                        match = False
+
+                    if match:
+                        graph.add_edge(dist, provider, req)
+                        matched = True
+                        break
+            if not matched:
+                graph.add_missing(dist, req)
+    return graph
+
+
+def get_dependent_dists(dists, dist):
+    """Recursively generate a list of distributions from *dists* that are
+    dependent on *dist*.
+
+    :param dists: a list of distributions
+    :param dist: a distribution, member of *dists* for which we are interested
+    """
+    if dist not in dists:
+        raise DistlibException('given distribution %r is not a member '
+                               'of the list' % dist.name)
+    graph = make_graph(dists)
+
+    dep = [dist]  # dependent distributions
+    todo = graph.reverse_list[dist]  # list of nodes we should inspect
+
+    while todo:
+        d = todo.pop()
+        dep.append(d)
+        for succ in graph.reverse_list[d]:
+            if succ not in dep:
+                todo.append(succ)
+
+    dep.pop(0)  # remove dist from dep, was there to prevent infinite loops
+    return dep
+
+
+def get_required_dists(dists, dist):
+    """Recursively generate a list of distributions from *dists* that are
+    required by *dist*.
+
+    :param dists: a list of distributions
+    :param dist: a distribution, member of *dists* for which we are interested
+                 in finding the dependencies.
+    """
+    if dist not in dists:
+        raise DistlibException('given distribution %r is not a member '
+                               'of the list' % dist.name)
+    graph = make_graph(dists)
+
+    req = set()  # required distributions
+    todo = graph.adjacency_list[dist]  # list of nodes we should inspect
+    seen = set(t[0] for t in todo)  # already added to todo
+
+    while todo:
+        d = todo.pop()[0]
+        req.add(d)
+        pred_list = graph.adjacency_list[d]
+        for pred in pred_list:
+            d = pred[0]
+            if d not in req and d not in seen:
+                seen.add(d)
+                todo.append(pred)
+    return req
+
+
+def make_dist(name, version, **kwargs):
+    """
+    A convenience method for making a dist given just a name and version.
+    """
+    summary = kwargs.pop('summary', 'Placeholder for summary')
+    md = Metadata(**kwargs)
+    md.name = name
+    md.version = version
+    md.summary = summary or 'Placeholder for summary'
+    return Distribution(md)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56cd286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+try:
+    from threading import Thread
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from dummy_threading import Thread
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (HTTPBasicAuthHandler, Request, HTTPPasswordMgr,
+                     urlparse, build_opener, string_types)
+from .util import zip_dir, ServerProxy
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
+DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'
+
+
+class PackageIndex(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a package index compatible with PyPI, the Python
+    Package Index.
+    """
+
+    boundary = b'----------ThIs_Is_tHe_distlib_index_bouNdaRY_$'
+
+    def __init__(self, url=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param url: The URL of the index. If not specified, the URL for PyPI is
+                    used.
+        """
+        self.url = url or DEFAULT_INDEX
+        self.read_configuration()
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(self.url)
+        if params or query or frag or scheme not in ('http', 'https'):
+            raise DistlibException('invalid repository: %s' % self.url)
+        self.password_handler = None
+        self.ssl_verifier = None
+        self.gpg = None
+        self.gpg_home = None
+        with open(os.devnull, 'w') as sink:
+            # Use gpg by default rather than gpg2, as gpg2 insists on
+            # prompting for passwords
+            for s in ('gpg', 'gpg2'):
+                try:
+                    rc = subprocess.check_call([s, '--version'], stdout=sink,
+                                               stderr=sink)
+                    if rc == 0:
+                        self.gpg = s
+                        break
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+
+    def _get_pypirc_command(self):
+        """
+        Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
+        :return: the command.
+        """
+        from .util import _get_pypirc_command as cmd
+        return cmd()
+
+    def read_configuration(self):
+        """
+        Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils. This populates
+        ``username``, ``password``, ``realm`` and ``url`` attributes from the
+        configuration.
+        """
+        from .util import _load_pypirc
+        cfg = _load_pypirc(self)
+        self.username = cfg.get('username')
+        self.password = cfg.get('password')
+        self.realm = cfg.get('realm', 'pypi')
+        self.url = cfg.get('repository', self.url)
+
+    def save_configuration(self):
+        """
+        Save the PyPI access configuration. You must have set ``username`` and
+        ``password`` attributes before calling this method.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        from .util import _store_pypirc
+        _store_pypirc(self)
+
+    def check_credentials(self):
+        """
+        Check that ``username`` and ``password`` have been set, and raise an
+        exception if not.
+        """
+        if self.username is None or self.password is None:
+            raise DistlibException('username and password must be set')
+        pm = HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        _, netloc, _, _, _, _ = urlparse(self.url)
+        pm.add_password(self.realm, netloc, self.username, self.password)
+        self.password_handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(pm)
+
+    def register(self, metadata):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Register a distribution on PyPI, using the provided metadata.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the distribution to be
+                         registered.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        metadata.validate()
+        d = metadata.todict()
+        d[':action'] = 'verify'
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
+        self.send_request(request)
+        d[':action'] = 'submit'
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def _reader(self, name, stream, outbuf):
+        """
+        Thread runner for reading lines of from a subprocess into a buffer.
+
+        :param name: The logical name of the stream (used for logging only).
+        :param stream: The stream to read from. This will typically a pipe
+                       connected to the output stream of a subprocess.
+        :param outbuf: The list to append the read lines to.
+        """
+        while True:
+            s = stream.readline()
+            if not s:
+                break
+            s = s.decode('utf-8').rstrip()
+            outbuf.append(s)
+            logger.debug('%s: %s' % (name, s))
+        stream.close()
+
+    def get_sign_command(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Return a suitable command for signing a file.
+
+        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The signing command as a list suitable to be
+                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        """
+        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
+        if keystore is None:
+            keystore = self.gpg_home
+        if keystore:
+            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
+        if sign_password is not None:
+            cmd.extend(['--batch', '--passphrase-fd', '0'])
+        td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        sf = os.path.join(td, os.path.basename(filename) + '.asc')
+        cmd.extend(['--detach-sign', '--armor', '--local-user',
+                    signer, '--output', sf, filename])
+        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
+        return cmd, sf
+
+    def run_command(self, cmd, input_data=None):
+        """
+        Run a command in a child process , passing it any input data specified.
+
+        :param cmd: The command to run.
+        :param input_data: If specified, this must be a byte string containing
+                           data to be sent to the child process.
+        :return: A tuple consisting of the subprocess' exit code, a list of
+                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stdout``, and a list of
+                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stderr``.
+        """
+        kwargs = {
+            'stdout': subprocess.PIPE,
+            'stderr': subprocess.PIPE,
+        }
+        if input_data is not None:
+            kwargs['stdin'] = subprocess.PIPE
+        stdout = []
+        stderr = []
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
+        # We don't use communicate() here because we may need to
+        # get clever with interacting with the command
+        t1 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stdout', p.stdout, stdout))
+        t1.start()
+        t2 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stderr', p.stderr, stderr))
+        t2.start()
+        if input_data is not None:
+            p.stdin.write(input_data)
+            p.stdin.close()
+
+        p.wait()
+        t1.join()
+        t2.join()
+        return p.returncode, stdout, stderr
+
+    def sign_file(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Sign a file.
+
+        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
+                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The absolute pathname of the file where the signature is
+                 stored.
+        """
+        cmd, sig_file = self.get_sign_command(filename, signer, sign_password,
+                                              keystore)
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd,
+                                              sign_password.encode('utf-8'))
+        if rc != 0:
+            raise DistlibException('sign command failed with error '
+                                   'code %s' % rc)
+        return sig_file
+
+    def upload_file(self, metadata, filename, signer=None, sign_password=None,
+                    filetype='sdist', pyversion='source', keystore=None):
+        """
+        Upload a release file to the index.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the file to be uploaded.
+        :param filename: The pathname of the file to be uploaded.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param filetype: The type of the file being uploaded. This is the
+                        distutils command which produced that file, e.g.
+                        ``sdist`` or ``bdist_wheel``.
+        :param pyversion: The version of Python which the release relates
+                          to. For code compatible with any Python, this would
+                          be ``source``, otherwise it would be e.g. ``3.2``.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
+                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):
+            raise DistlibException('not found: %s' % filename)
+        metadata.validate()
+        d = metadata.todict()
+        sig_file = None
+        if signer:
+            if not self.gpg:
+                logger.warning('no signing program available - not signed')
+            else:
+                sig_file = self.sign_file(filename, signer, sign_password,
+                                          keystore)
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            file_data = f.read()
+        md5_digest = hashlib.md5(file_data).hexdigest()
+        sha256_digest = hashlib.sha256(file_data).hexdigest()
+        d.update({
+            ':action': 'file_upload',
+            'protocol_version': '1',
+            'filetype': filetype,
+            'pyversion': pyversion,
+            'md5_digest': md5_digest,
+            'sha256_digest': sha256_digest,
+        })
+        files = [('content', os.path.basename(filename), file_data)]
+        if sig_file:
+            with open(sig_file, 'rb') as f:
+                sig_data = f.read()
+            files.append(('gpg_signature', os.path.basename(sig_file),
+                         sig_data))
+            shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(sig_file))
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), files)
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def upload_documentation(self, metadata, doc_dir):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Upload documentation to the index.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the documentation to be
+                         uploaded.
+        :param doc_dir: The pathname of the directory which contains the
+                        documentation. This should be the directory that
+                        contains the ``index.html`` for the documentation.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        if not os.path.isdir(doc_dir):
+            raise DistlibException('not a directory: %r' % doc_dir)
+        fn = os.path.join(doc_dir, 'index.html')
+        if not os.path.exists(fn):
+            raise DistlibException('not found: %r' % fn)
+        metadata.validate()
+        name, version = metadata.name, metadata.version
+        zip_data = zip_dir(doc_dir).getvalue()
+        fields = [(':action', 'doc_upload'),
+                  ('name', name), ('version', version)]
+        files = [('content', name, zip_data)]
+        request = self.encode_request(fields, files)
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def get_verify_command(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
+                           keystore=None):
+        """
+        Return a suitable command for verifying a file.
+
+        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                                   signature.
+        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                              signed data.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The verifying command as a list suitable to be
+                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        """
+        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
+        if keystore is None:
+            keystore = self.gpg_home
+        if keystore:
+            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
+        cmd.extend(['--verify', signature_filename, data_filename])
+        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
+        return cmd
+
+    def verify_signature(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
+                         keystore=None):
+        """
+        Verify a signature for a file.
+
+        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                                   signature.
+        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                              signed data.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: True if the signature was verified, else False.
+        """
+        if not self.gpg:
+            raise DistlibException('verification unavailable because gpg '
+                                   'unavailable')
+        cmd = self.get_verify_command(signature_filename, data_filename,
+                                      keystore)
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd)
+        if rc not in (0, 1):
+            raise DistlibException('verify command failed with error code %s' % rc)
+        return rc == 0
+
+    def download_file(self, url, destfile, digest=None, reporthook=None):
+        """
+        This is a convenience method for downloading a file from an URL.
+        Normally, this will be a file from the index, though currently
+        no check is made for this (i.e. a file can be downloaded from
+        anywhere).
+
+        The method is just like the :func:`urlretrieve` function in the
+        standard library, except that it allows digest computation to be
+        done during download and checking that the downloaded data
+        matched any expected value.
+
+        :param url: The URL of the file to be downloaded (assumed to be
+                    available via an HTTP GET request).
+        :param destfile: The pathname where the downloaded file is to be
+                         saved.
+        :param digest: If specified, this must be a (hasher, value)
+                       tuple, where hasher is the algorithm used (e.g.
+                       ``'md5'``) and ``value`` is the expected value.
+        :param reporthook: The same as for :func:`urlretrieve` in the
+                           standard library.
+        """
+        if digest is None:
+            digester = None
+            logger.debug('No digest specified')
+        else:
+            if isinstance(digest, (list, tuple)):
+                hasher, digest = digest
+            else:
+                hasher = 'md5'
+            digester = getattr(hashlib, hasher)()
+            logger.debug('Digest specified: %s' % digest)
+        # The following code is equivalent to urlretrieve.
+        # We need to do it this way so that we can compute the
+        # digest of the file as we go.
+        with open(destfile, 'wb') as dfp:
+            # addinfourl is not a context manager on 2.x
+            # so we have to use try/finally
+            sfp = self.send_request(Request(url))
+            try:
+                headers = sfp.info()
+                blocksize = 8192
+                size = -1
+                read = 0
+                blocknum = 0
+                if "content-length" in headers:
+                    size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
+                if reporthook:
+                    reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
+                while True:
+                    block = sfp.read(blocksize)
+                    if not block:
+                        break
+                    read += len(block)
+                    dfp.write(block)
+                    if digester:
+                        digester.update(block)
+                    blocknum += 1
+                    if reporthook:
+                        reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
+            finally:
+                sfp.close()
+
+        # check that we got the whole file, if we can
+        if size >= 0 and read < size:
+            raise DistlibException(
+                'retrieval incomplete: got only %d out of %d bytes'
+                % (read, size))
+        # if we have a digest, it must match.
+        if digester:
+            actual = digester.hexdigest()
+            if digest != actual:
+                raise DistlibException('%s digest mismatch for %s: expected '
+                                       '%s, got %s' % (hasher, destfile,
+                                                       digest, actual))
+            logger.debug('Digest verified: %s', digest)
+
+    def send_request(self, req):
+        """
+        Send a standard library :class:`Request` to PyPI and return its
+        response.
+
+        :param req: The request to send.
+        :return: The HTTP response from PyPI (a standard library HTTPResponse).
+        """
+        handlers = []
+        if self.password_handler:
+            handlers.append(self.password_handler)
+        if self.ssl_verifier:
+            handlers.append(self.ssl_verifier)
+        opener = build_opener(*handlers)
+        return opener.open(req)
+
+    def encode_request(self, fields, files):
+        """
+        Encode fields and files for posting to an HTTP server.
+
+        :param fields: The fields to send as a list of (fieldname, value)
+                       tuples.
+        :param files: The files to send as a list of (fieldname, filename,
+                      file_bytes) tuple.
+        """
+        # Adapted from packaging, which in turn was adapted from
+        # http://code.activestate.com/recipes/146306
+
+        parts = []
+        boundary = self.boundary
+        for k, values in fields:
+            if not isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
+                values = [values]
+
+            for v in values:
+                parts.extend((
+                    b'--' + boundary,
+                    ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' %
+                     k).encode('utf-8'),
+                    b'',
+                    v.encode('utf-8')))
+        for key, filename, value in files:
+            parts.extend((
+                b'--' + boundary,
+                ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' %
+                 (key, filename)).encode('utf-8'),
+                b'',
+                value))
+
+        parts.extend((b'--' + boundary + b'--', b''))
+
+        body = b'\r\n'.join(parts)
+        ct = b'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary
+        headers = {
+            'Content-type': ct,
+            'Content-length': str(len(body))
+        }
+        return Request(self.url, body, headers)
+
+    def search(self, terms, operator=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(terms, string_types):
+            terms = {'name': terms}
+        rpc_proxy = ServerProxy(self.url, timeout=3.0)
+        try:
+            return rpc_proxy.search(terms, operator or 'and')
+        finally:
+            rpc_proxy('close')()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9f0788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1303 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+
+import gzip
+from io import BytesIO
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+import zlib
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse, url2pathname, pathname2url,
+                     queue, quote, unescape, build_opener,
+                     HTTPRedirectHandler as BaseRedirectHandler, text_type,
+                     Request, HTTPError, URLError)
+from .database import Distribution, DistributionPath, make_dist
+from .metadata import Metadata, MetadataInvalidError
+from .util import (cached_property, ensure_slash, split_filename, get_project_data,
+                   parse_requirement, parse_name_and_version, ServerProxy,
+                   normalize_name)
+from .version import get_scheme, UnsupportedVersionError
+from .wheel import Wheel, is_compatible
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+HASHER_HASH = re.compile(r'^(\w+)=([a-f0-9]+)')
+CHARSET = re.compile(r';\s*charset\s*=\s*(.*)\s*$', re.I)
+HTML_CONTENT_TYPE = re.compile('text/html|application/x(ht)?ml')
+DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
+
+
+def get_all_distribution_names(url=None):
+    """
+    Return all distribution names known by an index.
+    :param url: The URL of the index.
+    :return: A list of all known distribution names.
+    """
+    if url is None:
+        url = DEFAULT_INDEX
+    client = ServerProxy(url, timeout=3.0)
+    try:
+        return client.list_packages()
+    finally:
+        client('close')()
+
+
+class RedirectHandler(BaseRedirectHandler):
+    """
+    A class to work around a bug in some Python 3.2.x releases.
+    """
+    # There's a bug in the base version for some 3.2.x
+    # (e.g. 3.2.2 on Ubuntu Oneiric). If a Location header
+    # returns e.g. /abc, it bails because it says the scheme ''
+    # is bogus, when actually it should use the request's
+    # URL for the scheme. See Python issue #13696.
+    def http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        # Some servers (incorrectly) return multiple Location headers
+        # (so probably same goes for URI).  Use first header.
+        newurl = None
+        for key in ('location', 'uri'):
+            if key in headers:
+                newurl = headers[key]
+                break
+        if newurl is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        urlparts = urlparse(newurl)
+        if urlparts.scheme == '':
+            newurl = urljoin(req.get_full_url(), newurl)
+            if hasattr(headers, 'replace_header'):
+                headers.replace_header(key, newurl)
+            else:
+                headers[key] = newurl
+        return BaseRedirectHandler.http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg,
+                                                  headers)
+
+    http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_302
+
+
+class Locator(object):
+    """
+    A base class for locators - things that locate distributions.
+    """
+    source_extensions = ('.tar.gz', '.tar.bz2', '.tar', '.zip', '.tgz', '.tbz')
+    binary_extensions = ('.egg', '.exe', '.whl')
+    excluded_extensions = ('.pdf',)
+
+    # A list of tags indicating which wheels you want to match. The default
+    # value of None matches against the tags compatible with the running
+    # Python. If you want to match other values, set wheel_tags on a locator
+    # instance to a list of tuples (pyver, abi, arch) which you want to match.
+    wheel_tags = None
+
+    downloadable_extensions = source_extensions + ('.whl',)
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme='default'):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param scheme: Because locators look for most recent versions, they
+                       need to know the version scheme to use. This specifies
+                       the current PEP-recommended scheme - use ``'legacy'``
+                       if you need to support existing distributions on PyPI.
+        """
+        self._cache = {}
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        # Because of bugs in some of the handlers on some of the platforms,
+        # we use our own opener rather than just using urlopen.
+        self.opener = build_opener(RedirectHandler())
+        # If get_project() is called from locate(), the matcher instance
+        # is set from the requirement passed to locate(). See issue #18 for
+        # why this can be useful to know.
+        self.matcher = None
+        self.errors = queue.Queue()
+
+    def get_errors(self):
+        """
+        Return any errors which have occurred.
+        """
+        result = []
+        while not self.errors.empty():  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                e = self.errors.get(False)
+                result.append(e)
+            except self.errors.Empty:
+                continue
+            self.errors.task_done()
+        return result
+
+    def clear_errors(self):
+        """
+        Clear any errors which may have been logged.
+        """
+        # Just get the errors and throw them away
+        self.get_errors()
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        self._cache.clear()
+
+    def _get_scheme(self):
+        return self._scheme
+
+    def _set_scheme(self, value):
+        self._scheme = value
+
+    scheme = property(_get_scheme, _set_scheme)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        """
+        For a given project, get a dictionary mapping available versions to Distribution
+        instances.
+
+        This should be implemented in subclasses.
+
+        If called from a locate() request, self.matcher will be set to a
+        matcher for the requirement to satisfy, otherwise it will be None.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in the subclass')
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in the subclass')
+
+    def get_project(self, name):
+        """
+        For a given project, get a dictionary mapping available versions to Distribution
+        instances.
+
+        This calls _get_project to do all the work, and just implements a caching layer on top.
+        """
+        if self._cache is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            result = self._get_project(name)
+        elif name in self._cache:
+            result = self._cache[name]
+        else:
+            self.clear_errors()
+            result = self._get_project(name)
+            self._cache[name] = result
+        return result
+
+    def score_url(self, url):
+        """
+        Give an url a score which can be used to choose preferred URLs
+        for a given project release.
+        """
+        t = urlparse(url)
+        basename = posixpath.basename(t.path)
+        compatible = True
+        is_wheel = basename.endswith('.whl')
+        is_downloadable = basename.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions)
+        if is_wheel:
+            compatible = is_compatible(Wheel(basename), self.wheel_tags)
+        return (t.scheme == 'https', 'pypi.org' in t.netloc,
+                is_downloadable, is_wheel, compatible, basename)
+
+    def prefer_url(self, url1, url2):
+        """
+        Choose one of two URLs where both are candidates for distribution
+        archives for the same version of a distribution (for example,
+        .tar.gz vs. zip).
+
+        The current implementation favours https:// URLs over http://, archives
+        from PyPI over those from other locations, wheel compatibility (if a
+        wheel) and then the archive name.
+        """
+        result = url2
+        if url1:
+            s1 = self.score_url(url1)
+            s2 = self.score_url(url2)
+            if s1 > s2:
+                result = url1
+            if result != url2:
+                logger.debug('Not replacing %r with %r', url1, url2)
+            else:
+                logger.debug('Replacing %r with %r', url1, url2)
+        return result
+
+    def split_filename(self, filename, project_name):
+        """
+        Attempt to split a filename in project name, version and Python version.
+        """
+        return split_filename(filename, project_name)
+
+    def convert_url_to_download_info(self, url, project_name):
+        """
+        See if a URL is a candidate for a download URL for a project (the URL
+        has typically been scraped from an HTML page).
+
+        If it is, a dictionary is returned with keys "name", "version",
+        "filename" and "url"; otherwise, None is returned.
+        """
+        def same_project(name1, name2):
+            return normalize_name(name1) == normalize_name(name2)
+
+        result = None
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(url)
+        if frag.lower().startswith('egg='):  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug('%s: version hint in fragment: %r',
+                         project_name, frag)
+        m = HASHER_HASH.match(frag)
+        if m:
+            algo, digest = m.groups()
+        else:
+            algo, digest = None, None
+        origpath = path
+        if path and path[-1] == '/':  # pragma: no cover
+            path = path[:-1]
+        if path.endswith('.whl'):
+            try:
+                wheel = Wheel(path)
+                if not is_compatible(wheel, self.wheel_tags):
+                    logger.debug('Wheel not compatible: %s', path)
+                else:
+                    if project_name is None:
+                        include = True
+                    else:
+                        include = same_project(wheel.name, project_name)
+                    if include:
+                        result = {
+                            'name': wheel.name,
+                            'version': wheel.version,
+                            'filename': wheel.filename,
+                            'url': urlunparse((scheme, netloc, origpath,
+                                               params, query, '')),
+                            'python-version': ', '.join(
+                                ['.'.join(list(v[2:])) for v in wheel.pyver]),
+                        }
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning('invalid path for wheel: %s', path)
+        elif not path.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions):  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug('Not downloadable: %s', path)
+        else:  # downloadable extension
+            path = filename = posixpath.basename(path)
+            for ext in self.downloadable_extensions:
+                if path.endswith(ext):
+                    path = path[:-len(ext)]
+                    t = self.split_filename(path, project_name)
+                    if not t:  # pragma: no cover
+                        logger.debug('No match for project/version: %s', path)
+                    else:
+                        name, version, pyver = t
+                        if not project_name or same_project(project_name, name):
+                            result = {
+                                'name': name,
+                                'version': version,
+                                'filename': filename,
+                                'url': urlunparse((scheme, netloc, origpath,
+                                                   params, query, '')),
+                            }
+                            if pyver:  # pragma: no cover
+                                result['python-version'] = pyver
+                    break
+        if result and algo:
+            result['%s_digest' % algo] = digest
+        return result
+
+    def _get_digest(self, info):
+        """
+        Get a digest from a dictionary by looking at a "digests" dictionary
+        or keys of the form 'algo_digest'.
+
+        Returns a 2-tuple (algo, digest) if found, else None. Currently
+        looks only for SHA256, then MD5.
+        """
+        result = None
+        if 'digests' in info:
+            digests = info['digests']
+            for algo in ('sha256', 'md5'):
+                if algo in digests:
+                    result = (algo, digests[algo])
+                    break
+        if not result:
+            for algo in ('sha256', 'md5'):
+                key = '%s_digest' % algo
+                if key in info:
+                    result = (algo, info[key])
+                    break
+        return result
+
+    def _update_version_data(self, result, info):
+        """
+        Update a result dictionary (the final result from _get_project) with a
+        dictionary for a specific version, which typically holds information
+        gleaned from a filename or URL for an archive for the distribution.
+        """
+        name = info.pop('name')
+        version = info.pop('version')
+        if version in result:
+            dist = result[version]
+            md = dist.metadata
+        else:
+            dist = make_dist(name, version, scheme=self.scheme)
+            md = dist.metadata
+        dist.digest = digest = self._get_digest(info)
+        url = info['url']
+        result['digests'][url] = digest
+        if md.source_url != info['url']:
+            md.source_url = self.prefer_url(md.source_url, url)
+            result['urls'].setdefault(version, set()).add(url)
+        dist.locator = self
+        result[version] = dist
+
+    def locate(self, requirement, prereleases=False):
+        """
+        Find the most recent distribution which matches the given
+        requirement.
+
+        :param requirement: A requirement of the form 'foo (1.0)' or perhaps
+                            'foo (>= 1.0, < 2.0, != 1.3)'
+        :param prereleases: If ``True``, allow pre-release versions
+                            to be located. Otherwise, pre-release versions
+                            are not returned.
+        :return: A :class:`Distribution` instance, or ``None`` if no such
+                 distribution could be located.
+        """
+        result = None
+        r = parse_requirement(requirement)
+        if r is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DistlibException('Not a valid requirement: %r' % requirement)
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+        self.matcher = matcher = scheme.matcher(r.requirement)
+        logger.debug('matcher: %s (%s)', matcher, type(matcher).__name__)
+        versions = self.get_project(r.name)
+        if len(versions) > 2:   # urls and digests keys are present
+            # sometimes, versions are invalid
+            slist = []
+            vcls = matcher.version_class
+            for k in versions:
+                if k in ('urls', 'digests'):
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    if not matcher.match(k):
+                        pass  # logger.debug('%s did not match %r', matcher, k)
+                    else:
+                        if prereleases or not vcls(k).is_prerelease:
+                            slist.append(k)
+                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('error matching %s with %r', matcher, k)
+                    pass  # slist.append(k)
+            if len(slist) > 1:
+                slist = sorted(slist, key=scheme.key)
+            if slist:
+                logger.debug('sorted list: %s', slist)
+                version = slist[-1]
+                result = versions[version]
+        if result:
+            if r.extras:
+                result.extras = r.extras
+            result.download_urls = versions.get('urls', {}).get(version, set())
+            d = {}
+            sd = versions.get('digests', {})
+            for url in result.download_urls:
+                if url in sd:  # pragma: no cover
+                    d[url] = sd[url]
+            result.digests = d
+        self.matcher = None
+        return result
+
+
+class PyPIRPCLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses XML-RPC to locate distributions. It therefore
+    cannot be used with simple mirrors (that only mirror file content).
+    """
+    def __init__(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param url: The URL to use for XML-RPC.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor.
+        """
+        super(PyPIRPCLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = url
+        self.client = ServerProxy(url, timeout=3.0)
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        return set(self.client.list_packages())
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        versions = self.client.package_releases(name, True)
+        for v in versions:
+            urls = self.client.release_urls(name, v)
+            data = self.client.release_data(name, v)
+            metadata = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+            metadata.name = data['name']
+            metadata.version = data['version']
+            metadata.license = data.get('license')
+            metadata.keywords = data.get('keywords', [])
+            metadata.summary = data.get('summary')
+            dist = Distribution(metadata)
+            if urls:
+                info = urls[0]
+                metadata.source_url = info['url']
+                dist.digest = self._get_digest(info)
+                dist.locator = self
+                result[v] = dist
+                for info in urls:
+                    url = info['url']
+                    digest = self._get_digest(info)
+                    result['urls'].setdefault(v, set()).add(url)
+                    result['digests'][url] = digest
+        return result
+
+
+class PyPIJSONLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses PyPI's JSON interface. It's very limited in functionality
+    and probably not worth using.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, url, **kwargs):
+        super(PyPIJSONLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = ensure_slash(url)
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Not available from this locator')
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        url = urljoin(self.base_url, '%s/json' % quote(name))
+        try:
+            resp = self.opener.open(url)
+            data = resp.read().decode()  # for now
+            d = json.loads(data)
+            md = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+            data = d['info']
+            md.name = data['name']
+            md.version = data['version']
+            md.license = data.get('license')
+            md.keywords = data.get('keywords', [])
+            md.summary = data.get('summary')
+            dist = Distribution(md)
+            dist.locator = self
+            # urls = d['urls']
+            result[md.version] = dist
+            for info in d['urls']:
+                url = info['url']
+                dist.download_urls.add(url)
+                dist.digests[url] = self._get_digest(info)
+                result['urls'].setdefault(md.version, set()).add(url)
+                result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+            # Now get other releases
+            for version, infos in d['releases'].items():
+                if version == md.version:
+                    continue    # already done
+                omd = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+                omd.name = md.name
+                omd.version = version
+                odist = Distribution(omd)
+                odist.locator = self
+                result[version] = odist
+                for info in infos:
+                    url = info['url']
+                    odist.download_urls.add(url)
+                    odist.digests[url] = self._get_digest(info)
+                    result['urls'].setdefault(version, set()).add(url)
+                    result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+#            for info in urls:
+#                md.source_url = info['url']
+#                dist.digest = self._get_digest(info)
+#                dist.locator = self
+#                for info in urls:
+#                    url = info['url']
+#                    result['urls'].setdefault(md.version, set()).add(url)
+#                    result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.errors.put(text_type(e))
+            logger.exception('JSON fetch failed: %s', e)
+        return result
+
+
+class Page(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a scraped HTML page.
+    """
+    # The following slightly hairy-looking regex just looks for the contents of
+    # an anchor link, which has an attribute "href" either immediately preceded
+    # or immediately followed by a "rel" attribute. The attribute values can be
+    # declared with double quotes, single quotes or no quotes - which leads to
+    # the length of the expression.
+    _href = re.compile("""
+(rel\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<rel1>[^"]*)"|'(?P<rel2>[^']*)'|(?P<rel3>[^>\\s\n]*))\\s+)?
+href\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<url1>[^"]*)"|'(?P<url2>[^']*)'|(?P<url3>[^>\\s\n]*))
+(\\s+rel\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<rel4>[^"]*)"|'(?P<rel5>[^']*)'|(?P<rel6>[^>\\s\n]*)))?
+""", re.I | re.S | re.X)
+    _base = re.compile(r"""<base\s+href\s*=\s*['"]?([^'">]+)""", re.I | re.S)
+
+    def __init__(self, data, url):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance with the Unicode page contents and the URL they
+        came from.
+        """
+        self.data = data
+        self.base_url = self.url = url
+        m = self._base.search(self.data)
+        if m:
+            self.base_url = m.group(1)
+
+    _clean_re = re.compile(r'[^a-z0-9$&+,/:;=?@.#%_\\|-]', re.I)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def links(self):
+        """
+        Return the URLs of all the links on a page together with information
+        about their "rel" attribute, for determining which ones to treat as
+        downloads and which ones to queue for further scraping.
+        """
+        def clean(url):
+            "Tidy up an URL."
+            scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(url)
+            return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, quote(path),
+                               params, query, frag))
+
+        result = set()
+        for match in self._href.finditer(self.data):
+            d = match.groupdict('')
+            rel = (d['rel1'] or d['rel2'] or d['rel3'] or
+                   d['rel4'] or d['rel5'] or d['rel6'])
+            url = d['url1'] or d['url2'] or d['url3']
+            url = urljoin(self.base_url, url)
+            url = unescape(url)
+            url = self._clean_re.sub(lambda m: '%%%2x' % ord(m.group(0)), url)
+            result.add((url, rel))
+        # We sort the result, hoping to bring the most recent versions
+        # to the front
+        result = sorted(result, key=lambda t: t[0], reverse=True)
+        return result
+
+
+class SimpleScrapingLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    A locator which scrapes HTML pages to locate downloads for a distribution.
+    This runs multiple threads to do the I/O; performance is at least as good
+    as pip's PackageFinder, which works in an analogous fashion.
+    """
+
+    # These are used to deal with various Content-Encoding schemes.
+    decoders = {
+        'deflate': zlib.decompress,
+        'gzip': lambda b: gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=BytesIO(b)).read(),
+        'none': lambda b: b,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, url, timeout=None, num_workers=10, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param url: The root URL to use for scraping.
+        :param timeout: The timeout, in seconds, to be applied to requests.
+                        This defaults to ``None`` (no timeout specified).
+        :param num_workers: The number of worker threads you want to do I/O,
+                            This defaults to 10.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass.
+        """
+        super(SimpleScrapingLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = ensure_slash(url)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self._page_cache = {}
+        self._seen = set()
+        self._to_fetch = queue.Queue()
+        self._bad_hosts = set()
+        self.skip_externals = False
+        self.num_workers = num_workers
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        # See issue #45: we need to be resilient when the locator is used
+        # in a thread, e.g. with concurrent.futures. We can't use self._lock
+        # as it is for coordinating our internal threads - the ones created
+        # in _prepare_threads.
+        self._gplock = threading.RLock()
+        self.platform_check = False  # See issue #112
+
+    def _prepare_threads(self):
+        """
+        Threads are created only when get_project is called, and terminate
+        before it returns. They are there primarily to parallelise I/O (i.e.
+        fetching web pages).
+        """
+        self._threads = []
+        for i in range(self.num_workers):
+            t = threading.Thread(target=self._fetch)
+            t.daemon = True
+            t.start()
+            self._threads.append(t)
+
+    def _wait_threads(self):
+        """
+        Tell all the threads to terminate (by sending a sentinel value) and
+        wait for them to do so.
+        """
+        # Note that you need two loops, since you can't say which
+        # thread will get each sentinel
+        for t in self._threads:
+            self._to_fetch.put(None)    # sentinel
+        for t in self._threads:
+            t.join()
+        self._threads = []
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        with self._gplock:
+            self.result = result
+            self.project_name = name
+            url = urljoin(self.base_url, '%s/' % quote(name))
+            self._seen.clear()
+            self._page_cache.clear()
+            self._prepare_threads()
+            try:
+                logger.debug('Queueing %s', url)
+                self._to_fetch.put(url)
+                self._to_fetch.join()
+            finally:
+                self._wait_threads()
+            del self.result
+        return result
+
+    platform_dependent = re.compile(r'\b(linux_(i\d86|x86_64|arm\w+)|'
+                                    r'win(32|_amd64)|macosx_?\d+)\b', re.I)
+
+    def _is_platform_dependent(self, url):
+        """
+        Does an URL refer to a platform-specific download?
+        """
+        return self.platform_dependent.search(url)
+
+    def _process_download(self, url):
+        """
+        See if an URL is a suitable download for a project.
+
+        If it is, register information in the result dictionary (for
+        _get_project) about the specific version it's for.
+
+        Note that the return value isn't actually used other than as a boolean
+        value.
+        """
+        if self.platform_check and self._is_platform_dependent(url):
+            info = None
+        else:
+            info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, self.project_name)
+        logger.debug('process_download: %s -> %s', url, info)
+        if info:
+            with self._lock:    # needed because self.result is shared
+                self._update_version_data(self.result, info)
+        return info
+
+    def _should_queue(self, link, referrer, rel):
+        """
+        Determine whether a link URL from a referring page and with a
+        particular "rel" attribute should be queued for scraping.
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(link)
+        if path.endswith(self.source_extensions + self.binary_extensions +
+                         self.excluded_extensions):
+            result = False
+        elif self.skip_externals and not link.startswith(self.base_url):
+            result = False
+        elif not referrer.startswith(self.base_url):
+            result = False
+        elif rel not in ('homepage', 'download'):
+            result = False
+        elif scheme not in ('http', 'https', 'ftp'):
+            result = False
+        elif self._is_platform_dependent(link):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            host = netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
+            if host.lower() == 'localhost':
+                result = False
+            else:
+                result = True
+        logger.debug('should_queue: %s (%s) from %s -> %s', link, rel,
+                     referrer, result)
+        return result
+
+    def _fetch(self):
+        """
+        Get a URL to fetch from the work queue, get the HTML page, examine its
+        links for download candidates and candidates for further scraping.
+
+        This is a handy method to run in a thread.
+        """
+        while True:
+            url = self._to_fetch.get()
+            try:
+                if url:
+                    page = self.get_page(url)
+                    if page is None:    # e.g. after an error
+                        continue
+                    for link, rel in page.links:
+                        if link not in self._seen:
+                            try:
+                                self._seen.add(link)
+                                if (not self._process_download(link) and
+                                        self._should_queue(link, url, rel)):
+                                    logger.debug('Queueing %s from %s', link, url)
+                                    self._to_fetch.put(link)
+                            except MetadataInvalidError:  # e.g. invalid versions
+                                pass
+            except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.errors.put(text_type(e))
+            finally:
+                # always do this, to avoid hangs :-)
+                self._to_fetch.task_done()
+            if not url:
+                # logger.debug('Sentinel seen, quitting.')
+                break
+
+    def get_page(self, url):
+        """
+        Get the HTML for an URL, possibly from an in-memory cache.
+
+        XXX TODO Note: this cache is never actually cleared. It's assumed that
+        the data won't get stale over the lifetime of a locator instance (not
+        necessarily true for the default_locator).
+        """
+        # http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#package-index-api
+        scheme, netloc, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(url)
+        if scheme == 'file' and os.path.isdir(url2pathname(path)):
+            url = urljoin(ensure_slash(url), 'index.html')
+
+        if url in self._page_cache:
+            result = self._page_cache[url]
+            logger.debug('Returning %s from cache: %s', url, result)
+        else:
+            host = netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
+            result = None
+            if host in self._bad_hosts:
+                logger.debug('Skipping %s due to bad host %s', url, host)
+            else:
+                req = Request(url, headers={'Accept-encoding': 'identity'})
+                try:
+                    logger.debug('Fetching %s', url)
+                    resp = self.opener.open(req, timeout=self.timeout)
+                    logger.debug('Fetched %s', url)
+                    headers = resp.info()
+                    content_type = headers.get('Content-Type', '')
+                    if HTML_CONTENT_TYPE.match(content_type):
+                        final_url = resp.geturl()
+                        data = resp.read()
+                        encoding = headers.get('Content-Encoding')
+                        if encoding:
+                            decoder = self.decoders[encoding]   # fail if not found
+                            data = decoder(data)
+                        encoding = 'utf-8'
+                        m = CHARSET.search(content_type)
+                        if m:
+                            encoding = m.group(1)
+                        try:
+                            data = data.decode(encoding)
+                        except UnicodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                            data = data.decode('latin-1')    # fallback
+                        result = Page(data, final_url)
+                        self._page_cache[final_url] = result
+                except HTTPError as e:
+                    if e.code != 404:
+                        logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                except URLError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                    with self._lock:
+                        self._bad_hosts.add(host)
+                except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                finally:
+                    self._page_cache[url] = result   # even if None (failure)
+        return result
+
+    _distname_re = re.compile('<a href=[^>]*>([^<]+)<')
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        page = self.get_page(self.base_url)
+        if not page:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to get %s' % self.base_url)
+        for match in self._distname_re.finditer(page.data):
+            result.add(match.group(1))
+        return result
+
+
+class DirectoryLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This class locates distributions in a directory tree.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param path: The root of the directory tree to search.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor,
+                       except for:
+                       * recursive - if True (the default), subdirectories are
+                         recursed into. If False, only the top-level directory
+                         is searched,
+        """
+        self.recursive = kwargs.pop('recursive', True)
+        super(DirectoryLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+        if not os.path.isdir(path):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' % path)
+        self.base_dir = path
+
+    def should_include(self, filename, parent):
+        """
+        Should a filename be considered as a candidate for a distribution
+        archive? As well as the filename, the directory which contains it
+        is provided, though not used by the current implementation.
+        """
+        return filename.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if self.should_include(fn, root):
+                    fn = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                    url = urlunparse(('file', '',
+                                      pathname2url(os.path.abspath(fn)),
+                                      '', '', ''))
+                    info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, name)
+                    if info:
+                        self._update_version_data(result, info)
+            if not self.recursive:
+                break
+        return result
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if self.should_include(fn, root):
+                    fn = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                    url = urlunparse(('file', '',
+                                      pathname2url(os.path.abspath(fn)),
+                                      '', '', ''))
+                    info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, None)
+                    if info:
+                        result.add(info['name'])
+            if not self.recursive:
+                break
+        return result
+
+
+class JSONLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses special extended metadata (not available on PyPI) and is
+    the basis of performant dependency resolution in distlib. Other locators
+    require archive downloads before dependencies can be determined! As you
+    might imagine, that can be slow.
+    """
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Not available from this locator')
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        data = get_project_data(name)
+        if data:
+            for info in data.get('files', []):
+                if info['ptype'] != 'sdist' or info['pyversion'] != 'source':
+                    continue
+                # We don't store summary in project metadata as it makes
+                # the data bigger for no benefit during dependency
+                # resolution
+                dist = make_dist(data['name'], info['version'],
+                                 summary=data.get('summary',
+                                                  'Placeholder for summary'),
+                                 scheme=self.scheme)
+                md = dist.metadata
+                md.source_url = info['url']
+                # TODO SHA256 digest
+                if 'digest' in info and info['digest']:
+                    dist.digest = ('md5', info['digest'])
+                md.dependencies = info.get('requirements', {})
+                dist.exports = info.get('exports', {})
+                result[dist.version] = dist
+                result['urls'].setdefault(dist.version, set()).add(info['url'])
+        return result
+
+
+class DistPathLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator finds installed distributions in a path. It can be useful for
+    adding to an :class:`AggregatingLocator`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, distpath, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param distpath: A :class:`DistributionPath` instance to search.
+        """
+        super(DistPathLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        assert isinstance(distpath, DistributionPath)
+        self.distpath = distpath
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        dist = self.distpath.get_distribution(name)
+        if dist is None:
+            result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        else:
+            result = {
+                dist.version: dist,
+                'urls': {dist.version: set([dist.source_url])},
+                'digests': {dist.version: set([None])}
+            }
+        return result
+
+
+class AggregatingLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This class allows you to chain and/or merge a list of locators.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *locators, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param locators: The list of locators to search.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor,
+                       except for:
+                       * merge - if False (the default), the first successful
+                         search from any of the locators is returned. If True,
+                         the results from all locators are merged (this can be
+                         slow).
+        """
+        self.merge = kwargs.pop('merge', False)
+        self.locators = locators
+        super(AggregatingLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        super(AggregatingLocator, self).clear_cache()
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            locator.clear_cache()
+
+    def _set_scheme(self, value):
+        self._scheme = value
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            locator.scheme = value
+
+    scheme = property(Locator.scheme.fget, _set_scheme)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {}
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            d = locator.get_project(name)
+            if d:
+                if self.merge:
+                    files = result.get('urls', {})
+                    digests = result.get('digests', {})
+                    # next line could overwrite result['urls'], result['digests']
+                    result.update(d)
+                    df = result.get('urls')
+                    if files and df:
+                        for k, v in files.items():
+                            if k in df:
+                                df[k] |= v
+                            else:
+                                df[k] = v
+                    dd = result.get('digests')
+                    if digests and dd:
+                        dd.update(digests)
+                else:
+                    # See issue #18. If any dists are found and we're looking
+                    # for specific constraints, we only return something if
+                    # a match is found. For example, if a DirectoryLocator
+                    # returns just foo (1.0) while we're looking for
+                    # foo (>= 2.0), we'll pretend there was nothing there so
+                    # that subsequent locators can be queried. Otherwise we
+                    # would just return foo (1.0) which would then lead to a
+                    # failure to find foo (>= 2.0), because other locators
+                    # weren't searched. Note that this only matters when
+                    # merge=False.
+                    if self.matcher is None:
+                        found = True
+                    else:
+                        found = False
+                        for k in d:
+                            if self.matcher.match(k):
+                                found = True
+                                break
+                    if found:
+                        result = d
+                        break
+        return result
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            try:
+                result |= locator.get_distribution_names()
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+
+# We use a legacy scheme simply because most of the dists on PyPI use legacy
+# versions which don't conform to PEP 440.
+default_locator = AggregatingLocator(
+                    # JSONLocator(), # don't use as PEP 426 is withdrawn
+                    SimpleScrapingLocator('https://pypi.org/simple/',
+                                          timeout=3.0),
+                    scheme='legacy')
+
+locate = default_locator.locate
+
+
+class DependencyFinder(object):
+    """
+    Locate dependencies for distributions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, locator=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance, using the specified locator
+        to locate distributions.
+        """
+        self.locator = locator or default_locator
+        self.scheme = get_scheme(self.locator.scheme)
+
+    def add_distribution(self, dist):
+        """
+        Add a distribution to the finder. This will update internal information
+        about who provides what.
+        :param dist: The distribution to add.
+        """
+        logger.debug('adding distribution %s', dist)
+        name = dist.key
+        self.dists_by_name[name] = dist
+        self.dists[(name, dist.version)] = dist
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Add to provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            self.provided.setdefault(name, set()).add((version, dist))
+
+    def remove_distribution(self, dist):
+        """
+        Remove a distribution from the finder. This will update internal
+        information about who provides what.
+        :param dist: The distribution to remove.
+        """
+        logger.debug('removing distribution %s', dist)
+        name = dist.key
+        del self.dists_by_name[name]
+        del self.dists[(name, dist.version)]
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Remove from provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            s = self.provided[name]
+            s.remove((version, dist))
+            if not s:
+                del self.provided[name]
+
+    def get_matcher(self, reqt):
+        """
+        Get a version matcher for a requirement.
+        :param reqt: The requirement
+        :type reqt: str
+        :return: A version matcher (an instance of
+                 :class:`distlib.version.Matcher`).
+        """
+        try:
+            matcher = self.scheme.matcher(reqt)
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+            name = reqt.split()[0]
+            matcher = self.scheme.matcher(name)
+        return matcher
+
+    def find_providers(self, reqt):
+        """
+        Find the distributions which can fulfill a requirement.
+
+        :param reqt: The requirement.
+         :type reqt: str
+        :return: A set of distribution which can fulfill the requirement.
+        """
+        matcher = self.get_matcher(reqt)
+        name = matcher.key   # case-insensitive
+        result = set()
+        provided = self.provided
+        if name in provided:
+            for version, provider in provided[name]:
+                try:
+                    match = matcher.match(version)
+                except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                    match = False
+
+                if match:
+                    result.add(provider)
+                    break
+        return result
+
+    def try_to_replace(self, provider, other, problems):
+        """
+        Attempt to replace one provider with another. This is typically used
+        when resolving dependencies from multiple sources, e.g. A requires
+        (B >= 1.0) while C requires (B >= 1.1).
+
+        For successful replacement, ``provider`` must meet all the requirements
+        which ``other`` fulfills.
+
+        :param provider: The provider we are trying to replace with.
+        :param other: The provider we're trying to replace.
+        :param problems: If False is returned, this will contain what
+                         problems prevented replacement. This is currently
+                         a tuple of the literal string 'cantreplace',
+                         ``provider``, ``other``  and the set of requirements
+                         that ``provider`` couldn't fulfill.
+        :return: True if we can replace ``other`` with ``provider``, else
+                 False.
+        """
+        rlist = self.reqts[other]
+        unmatched = set()
+        for s in rlist:
+            matcher = self.get_matcher(s)
+            if not matcher.match(provider.version):
+                unmatched.add(s)
+        if unmatched:
+            # can't replace other with provider
+            problems.add(('cantreplace', provider, other,
+                          frozenset(unmatched)))
+            result = False
+        else:
+            # can replace other with provider
+            self.remove_distribution(other)
+            del self.reqts[other]
+            for s in rlist:
+                self.reqts.setdefault(provider, set()).add(s)
+            self.add_distribution(provider)
+            result = True
+        return result
+
+    def find(self, requirement, meta_extras=None, prereleases=False):
+        """
+        Find a distribution and all distributions it depends on.
+
+        :param requirement: The requirement specifying the distribution to
+                            find, or a Distribution instance.
+        :param meta_extras: A list of meta extras such as :test:, :build: and
+                            so on.
+        :param prereleases: If ``True``, allow pre-release versions to be
+                            returned - otherwise, don't return prereleases
+                            unless they're all that's available.
+
+        Return a set of :class:`Distribution` instances and a set of
+        problems.
+
+        The distributions returned should be such that they have the
+        :attr:`required` attribute set to ``True`` if they were
+        from the ``requirement`` passed to ``find()``, and they have the
+        :attr:`build_time_dependency` attribute set to ``True`` unless they
+        are post-installation dependencies of the ``requirement``.
+
+        The problems should be a tuple consisting of the string
+        ``'unsatisfied'`` and the requirement which couldn't be satisfied
+        by any distribution known to the locator.
+        """
+
+        self.provided = {}
+        self.dists = {}
+        self.dists_by_name = {}
+        self.reqts = {}
+
+        meta_extras = set(meta_extras or [])
+        if ':*:' in meta_extras:
+            meta_extras.remove(':*:')
+            # :meta: and :run: are implicitly included
+            meta_extras |= set([':test:', ':build:', ':dev:'])
+
+        if isinstance(requirement, Distribution):
+            dist = odist = requirement
+            logger.debug('passed %s as requirement', odist)
+        else:
+            dist = odist = self.locator.locate(requirement,
+                                               prereleases=prereleases)
+            if dist is None:
+                raise DistlibException('Unable to locate %r' % requirement)
+            logger.debug('located %s', odist)
+        dist.requested = True
+        problems = set()
+        todo = set([dist])
+        install_dists = set([odist])
+        while todo:
+            dist = todo.pop()
+            name = dist.key     # case-insensitive
+            if name not in self.dists_by_name:
+                self.add_distribution(dist)
+            else:
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                other = self.dists_by_name[name]
+                if other != dist:
+                    self.try_to_replace(dist, other, problems)
+
+            ireqts = dist.run_requires | dist.meta_requires
+            sreqts = dist.build_requires
+            ereqts = set()
+            if meta_extras and dist in install_dists:
+                for key in ('test', 'build', 'dev'):
+                    e = ':%s:' % key
+                    if e in meta_extras:
+                        ereqts |= getattr(dist, '%s_requires' % key)
+            all_reqts = ireqts | sreqts | ereqts
+            for r in all_reqts:
+                providers = self.find_providers(r)
+                if not providers:
+                    logger.debug('No providers found for %r', r)
+                    provider = self.locator.locate(r, prereleases=prereleases)
+                    # If no provider is found and we didn't consider
+                    # prereleases, consider them now.
+                    if provider is None and not prereleases:
+                        provider = self.locator.locate(r, prereleases=True)
+                    if provider is None:
+                        logger.debug('Cannot satisfy %r', r)
+                        problems.add(('unsatisfied', r))
+                    else:
+                        n, v = provider.key, provider.version
+                        if (n, v) not in self.dists:
+                            todo.add(provider)
+                        providers.add(provider)
+                        if r in ireqts and dist in install_dists:
+                            install_dists.add(provider)
+                            logger.debug('Adding %s to install_dists',
+                                         provider.name_and_version)
+                for p in providers:
+                    name = p.key
+                    if name not in self.dists_by_name:
+                        self.reqts.setdefault(p, set()).add(r)
+                    else:
+                        other = self.dists_by_name[name]
+                        if other != p:
+                            # see if other can be replaced by p
+                            self.try_to_replace(p, other, problems)
+
+        dists = set(self.dists.values())
+        for dist in dists:
+            dist.build_time_dependency = dist not in install_dists
+            if dist.build_time_dependency:
+                logger.debug('%s is a build-time dependency only.',
+                             dist.name_and_version)
+        logger.debug('find done for %s', odist)
+        return dists, problems
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..420dcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Class representing the list of files in a distribution.
+
+Equivalent to distutils.filelist, but fixes some problems.
+"""
+import fnmatch
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import fsdecode
+from .util import convert_path
+
+
+__all__ = ['Manifest']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# a \ followed by some spaces + EOL
+_COLLAPSE_PATTERN = re.compile('\\\\w*\n', re.M)
+_COMMENTED_LINE = re.compile('#.*?(?=\n)|\n(?=$)', re.M | re.S)
+
+#
+# Due to the different results returned by fnmatch.translate, we need
+# to do slightly different processing for Python 2.7 and 3.2 ... this needed
+# to be brought in for Python 3.6 onwards.
+#
+_PYTHON_VERSION = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class Manifest(object):
+    """
+    A list of files built by exploring the filesystem and filtered by applying various
+    patterns to what we find there.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, base=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param base: The base directory to explore under.
+        """
+        self.base = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(base or os.getcwd()))
+        self.prefix = self.base + os.sep
+        self.allfiles = None
+        self.files = set()
+
+    #
+    # Public API
+    #
+
+    def findall(self):
+        """Find all files under the base and set ``allfiles`` to the absolute
+        pathnames of files found.
+        """
+        from stat import S_ISREG, S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+        self.allfiles = allfiles = []
+        root = self.base
+        stack = [root]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+
+        while stack:
+            root = pop()
+            names = os.listdir(root)
+
+            for name in names:
+                fullname = os.path.join(root, name)
+
+                # Avoid excess stat calls -- just one will do, thank you!
+                stat = os.stat(fullname)
+                mode = stat.st_mode
+                if S_ISREG(mode):
+                    allfiles.append(fsdecode(fullname))
+                elif S_ISDIR(mode) and not S_ISLNK(mode):
+                    push(fullname)
+
+    def add(self, item):
+        """
+        Add a file to the manifest.
+
+        :param item: The pathname to add. This can be relative to the base.
+        """
+        if not item.startswith(self.prefix):
+            item = os.path.join(self.base, item)
+        self.files.add(os.path.normpath(item))
+
+    def add_many(self, items):
+        """
+        Add a list of files to the manifest.
+
+        :param items: The pathnames to add. These can be relative to the base.
+        """
+        for item in items:
+            self.add(item)
+
+    def sorted(self, wantdirs=False):
+        """
+        Return sorted files in directory order
+        """
+
+        def add_dir(dirs, d):
+            dirs.add(d)
+            logger.debug('add_dir added %s', d)
+            if d != self.base:
+                parent, _ = os.path.split(d)
+                assert parent not in ('', '/')
+                add_dir(dirs, parent)
+
+        result = set(self.files)    # make a copy!
+        if wantdirs:
+            dirs = set()
+            for f in result:
+                add_dir(dirs, os.path.dirname(f))
+            result |= dirs
+        return [os.path.join(*path_tuple) for path_tuple in
+                sorted(os.path.split(path) for path in result)]
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Clear all collected files."""
+        self.files = set()
+        self.allfiles = []
+
+    def process_directive(self, directive):
+        """
+        Process a directive which either adds some files from ``allfiles`` to
+        ``files``, or removes some files from ``files``.
+
+        :param directive: The directive to process. This should be in a format
+                     compatible with distutils ``MANIFEST.in`` files:
+
+                     http://docs.python.org/distutils/sourcedist.html#commands
+        """
+        # Parse the line: split it up, make sure the right number of words
+        # is there, and return the relevant words.  'action' is always
+        # defined: it's the first word of the line.  Which of the other
+        # three are defined depends on the action; it'll be either
+        # patterns, (dir and patterns), or (dirpattern).
+        action, patterns, thedir, dirpattern = self._parse_directive(directive)
+
+        # OK, now we know that the action is valid and we have the
+        # right number of words on the line for that action -- so we
+        # can proceed with minimal error-checking.
+        if action == 'include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, anchor=True):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r', pattern)
+
+        elif action == 'exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, anchor=True)
+
+        elif action == 'global-include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, anchor=False):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r '
+                                   'anywhere in distribution', pattern)
+
+        elif action == 'global-exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, anchor=False)
+
+        elif action == 'recursive-include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, prefix=thedir):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r '
+                                   'under directory %r', pattern, thedir)
+
+        elif action == 'recursive-exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, prefix=thedir)
+
+        elif action == 'graft':
+            if not self._include_pattern(None, prefix=dirpattern):
+                logger.warning('no directories found matching %r',
+                               dirpattern)
+
+        elif action == 'prune':
+            if not self._exclude_pattern(None, prefix=dirpattern):
+                logger.warning('no previously-included directories found '
+                               'matching %r', dirpattern)
+        else:   # pragma: no cover
+            # This should never happen, as it should be caught in
+            # _parse_template_line
+            raise DistlibException(
+                'invalid action %r' % action)
+
+    #
+    # Private API
+    #
+
+    def _parse_directive(self, directive):
+        """
+        Validate a directive.
+        :param directive: The directive to validate.
+        :return: A tuple of action, patterns, thedir, dir_patterns
+        """
+        words = directive.split()
+        if len(words) == 1 and words[0] not in ('include', 'exclude',
+                                                'global-include',
+                                                'global-exclude',
+                                                'recursive-include',
+                                                'recursive-exclude',
+                                                'graft', 'prune'):
+            # no action given, let's use the default 'include'
+            words.insert(0, 'include')
+
+        action = words[0]
+        patterns = thedir = dir_pattern = None
+
+        if action in ('include', 'exclude',
+                      'global-include', 'global-exclude'):
+            if len(words) < 2:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects <pattern1> <pattern2> ...' % action)
+
+            patterns = [convert_path(word) for word in words[1:]]
+
+        elif action in ('recursive-include', 'recursive-exclude'):
+            if len(words) < 3:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...' % action)
+
+            thedir = convert_path(words[1])
+            patterns = [convert_path(word) for word in words[2:]]
+
+        elif action in ('graft', 'prune'):
+            if len(words) != 2:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects a single <dir_pattern>' % action)
+
+            dir_pattern = convert_path(words[1])
+
+        else:
+            raise DistlibException('unknown action %r' % action)
+
+        return action, patterns, thedir, dir_pattern
+
+    def _include_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                         is_regex=False):
+        """Select strings (presumably filenames) from 'self.files' that
+        match 'pattern', a Unix-style wildcard (glob) pattern.
+
+        Patterns are not quite the same as implemented by the 'fnmatch'
+        module: '*' and '?'  match non-special characters, where "special"
+        is platform-dependent: slash on Unix; colon, slash, and backslash on
+        DOS/Windows; and colon on Mac OS.
+
+        If 'anchor' is true (the default), then the pattern match is more
+        stringent: "*.py" will match "foo.py" but not "foo/bar.py".  If
+        'anchor' is false, both of these will match.
+
+        If 'prefix' is supplied, then only filenames starting with 'prefix'
+        (itself a pattern) and ending with 'pattern', with anything in between
+        them, will match.  'anchor' is ignored in this case.
+
+        If 'is_regex' is true, 'anchor' and 'prefix' are ignored, and
+        'pattern' is assumed to be either a string containing a regex or a
+        regex object -- no translation is done, the regex is just compiled
+        and used as-is.
+
+        Selected strings will be added to self.files.
+
+        Return True if files are found.
+        """
+        # XXX docstring lying about what the special chars are?
+        found = False
+        pattern_re = self._translate_pattern(pattern, anchor, prefix, is_regex)
+
+        # delayed loading of allfiles list
+        if self.allfiles is None:
+            self.findall()
+
+        for name in self.allfiles:
+            if pattern_re.search(name):
+                self.files.add(name)
+                found = True
+        return found
+
+    def _exclude_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                         is_regex=False):
+        """Remove strings (presumably filenames) from 'files' that match
+        'pattern'.
+
+        Other parameters are the same as for 'include_pattern()', above.
+        The list 'self.files' is modified in place. Return True if files are
+        found.
+
+        This API is public to allow e.g. exclusion of SCM subdirs, e.g. when
+        packaging source distributions
+        """
+        found = False
+        pattern_re = self._translate_pattern(pattern, anchor, prefix, is_regex)
+        for f in list(self.files):
+            if pattern_re.search(f):
+                self.files.remove(f)
+                found = True
+        return found
+
+    def _translate_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                           is_regex=False):
+        """Translate a shell-like wildcard pattern to a compiled regular
+        expression.
+
+        Return the compiled regex.  If 'is_regex' true,
+        then 'pattern' is directly compiled to a regex (if it's a string)
+        or just returned as-is (assumes it's a regex object).
+        """
+        if is_regex:
+            if isinstance(pattern, str):
+                return re.compile(pattern)
+            else:
+                return pattern
+
+        if _PYTHON_VERSION > (3, 2):
+            # ditch start and end characters
+            start, _, end = self._glob_to_re('_').partition('_')
+
+        if pattern:
+            pattern_re = self._glob_to_re(pattern)
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION > (3, 2):
+                assert pattern_re.startswith(start) and pattern_re.endswith(end)
+        else:
+            pattern_re = ''
+
+        base = re.escape(os.path.join(self.base, ''))
+        if prefix is not None:
+            # ditch end of pattern character
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                empty_pattern = self._glob_to_re('')
+                prefix_re = self._glob_to_re(prefix)[:-len(empty_pattern)]
+            else:
+                prefix_re = self._glob_to_re(prefix)
+                assert prefix_re.startswith(start) and prefix_re.endswith(end)
+                prefix_re = prefix_re[len(start): len(prefix_re) - len(end)]
+            sep = os.sep
+            if os.sep == '\\':
+                sep = r'\\'
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                pattern_re = '^' + base + sep.join((prefix_re,
+                                                    '.*' + pattern_re))
+            else:
+                pattern_re = pattern_re[len(start): len(pattern_re) - len(end)]
+                pattern_re = r'%s%s%s%s.*%s%s' % (start, base, prefix_re, sep,
+                                                  pattern_re, end)
+        else:  # no prefix -- respect anchor flag
+            if anchor:
+                if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                    pattern_re = '^' + base + pattern_re
+                else:
+                    pattern_re = r'%s%s%s' % (start, base, pattern_re[len(start):])
+
+        return re.compile(pattern_re)
+
+    def _glob_to_re(self, pattern):
+        """Translate a shell-like glob pattern to a regular expression.
+
+        Return a string containing the regex.  Differs from
+        'fnmatch.translate()' in that '*' does not match "special characters"
+        (which are platform-specific).
+        """
+        pattern_re = fnmatch.translate(pattern)
+
+        # '?' and '*' in the glob pattern become '.' and '.*' in the RE, which
+        # IMHO is wrong -- '?' and '*' aren't supposed to match slash in Unix,
+        # and by extension they shouldn't match such "special characters" under
+        # any OS.  So change all non-escaped dots in the RE to match any
+        # character except the special characters (currently: just os.sep).
+        sep = os.sep
+        if os.sep == '\\':
+            # we're using a regex to manipulate a regex, so we need
+            # to escape the backslash twice
+            sep = r'\\\\'
+        escaped = r'\1[^%s]' % sep
+        pattern_re = re.sub(r'((?<!\\)(\\\\)*)\.', escaped, pattern_re)
+        return pattern_re
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1514d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Parser for the environment markers micro-language defined in PEP 508.
+"""
+
+# Note: In PEP 345, the micro-language was Python compatible, so the ast
+# module could be used to parse it. However, PEP 508 introduced operators such
+# as ~= and === which aren't in Python, necessitating a different approach.
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import platform
+
+from .compat import string_types
+from .util import in_venv, parse_marker
+from .version import LegacyVersion as LV
+
+__all__ = ['interpret']
+
+_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'((\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)|\'(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\'|\"(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\")')
+_VERSION_MARKERS = {'python_version', 'python_full_version'}
+
+
+def _is_version_marker(s):
+    return isinstance(s, string_types) and s in _VERSION_MARKERS
+
+
+def _is_literal(o):
+    if not isinstance(o, string_types) or not o:
+        return False
+    return o[0] in '\'"'
+
+
+def _get_versions(s):
+    return {LV(m.groups()[0]) for m in _VERSION_PATTERN.finditer(s)}
+
+
+class Evaluator(object):
+    """
+    This class is used to evaluate marker expressions.
+    """
+
+    operations = {
+        '==': lambda x, y: x == y,
+        '===': lambda x, y: x == y,
+        '~=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
+        '!=': lambda x, y: x != y,
+        '<': lambda x, y: x < y,
+        '<=': lambda x, y: x == y or x < y,
+        '>': lambda x, y: x > y,
+        '>=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
+        'and': lambda x, y: x and y,
+        'or': lambda x, y: x or y,
+        'in': lambda x, y: x in y,
+        'not in': lambda x, y: x not in y,
+    }
+
+    def evaluate(self, expr, context):
+        """
+        Evaluate a marker expression returned by the :func:`parse_requirement`
+        function in the specified context.
+        """
+        if isinstance(expr, string_types):
+            if expr[0] in '\'"':
+                result = expr[1:-1]
+            else:
+                if expr not in context:
+                    raise SyntaxError('unknown variable: %s' % expr)
+                result = context[expr]
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(expr, dict)
+            op = expr['op']
+            if op not in self.operations:
+                raise NotImplementedError('op not implemented: %s' % op)
+            elhs = expr['lhs']
+            erhs = expr['rhs']
+            if _is_literal(expr['lhs']) and _is_literal(expr['rhs']):
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid comparison: %s %s %s' %
+                                  (elhs, op, erhs))
+
+            lhs = self.evaluate(elhs, context)
+            rhs = self.evaluate(erhs, context)
+            if ((_is_version_marker(elhs) or _is_version_marker(erhs))
+                    and op in ('<', '<=', '>', '>=', '===', '==', '!=', '~=')):
+                lhs = LV(lhs)
+                rhs = LV(rhs)
+            elif _is_version_marker(elhs) and op in ('in', 'not in'):
+                lhs = LV(lhs)
+                rhs = _get_versions(rhs)
+            result = self.operations[op](lhs, rhs)
+        return result
+
+
+_DIGITS = re.compile(r'\d+\.\d+')
+
+
+def default_context():
+
+    def format_full_version(info):
+        version = '%s.%s.%s' % (info.major, info.minor, info.micro)
+        kind = info.releaselevel
+        if kind != 'final':
+            version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+        return version
+
+    if hasattr(sys, 'implementation'):
+        implementation_version = format_full_version(
+            sys.implementation.version)
+        implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    else:
+        implementation_version = '0'
+        implementation_name = ''
+
+    ppv = platform.python_version()
+    m = _DIGITS.match(ppv)
+    pv = m.group(0)
+    result = {
+        'implementation_name': implementation_name,
+        'implementation_version': implementation_version,
+        'os_name': os.name,
+        'platform_machine': platform.machine(),
+        'platform_python_implementation': platform.python_implementation(),
+        'platform_release': platform.release(),
+        'platform_system': platform.system(),
+        'platform_version': platform.version(),
+        'platform_in_venv': str(in_venv()),
+        'python_full_version': ppv,
+        'python_version': pv,
+        'sys_platform': sys.platform,
+    }
+    return result
+
+
+DEFAULT_CONTEXT = default_context()
+del default_context
+
+evaluator = Evaluator()
+
+
+def interpret(marker, execution_context=None):
+    """
+    Interpret a marker and return a result depending on environment.
+
+    :param marker: The marker to interpret.
+    :type marker: str
+    :param execution_context: The context used for name lookup.
+    :type execution_context: mapping
+    """
+    try:
+        expr, rest = parse_marker(marker)
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise SyntaxError('Unable to interpret marker syntax: %s: %s' %
+                          (marker, e))
+    if rest and rest[0] != '#':
+        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data in marker: %s: %s' %
+                          (marker, rest))
+    context = dict(DEFAULT_CONTEXT)
+    if execution_context:
+        context.update(execution_context)
+    return evaluator.evaluate(expr, context)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7189aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""Implementation of the Metadata for Python packages PEPs.
+
+Supports all metadata formats (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3/2.1 and 2.2).
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+from email import message_from_file
+import json
+import logging
+import re
+
+
+from . import DistlibException, __version__
+from .compat import StringIO, string_types, text_type
+from .markers import interpret
+from .util import extract_by_key, get_extras
+from .version import get_scheme, PEP440_VERSION_RE
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class MetadataMissingError(DistlibException):
+    """A required metadata is missing"""
+
+
+class MetadataConflictError(DistlibException):
+    """Attempt to read or write metadata fields that are conflictual."""
+
+
+class MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError(DistlibException):
+    """Unknown metadata version number."""
+
+
+class MetadataInvalidError(DistlibException):
+    """A metadata value is invalid"""
+
+# public API of this module
+__all__ = ['Metadata', 'PKG_INFO_ENCODING', 'PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION']
+
+# Encoding used for the PKG-INFO files
+PKG_INFO_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
+
+# preferred version. Hopefully will be changed
+# to 1.2 once PEP 345 is supported everywhere
+PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION = '1.1'
+
+_LINE_PREFIX_1_2 = re.compile('\n       \\|')
+_LINE_PREFIX_PRE_1_2 = re.compile('\n        ')
+_241_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'License')
+
+_314_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'License', 'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes',
+               'Provides', 'Requires')
+
+_314_MARKERS = ('Obsoletes', 'Provides', 'Requires', 'Classifier',
+                'Download-URL')
+
+_345_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'Maintainer', 'Maintainer-email', 'License',
+               'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Project-URL', 'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist',
+               'Requires-Python', 'Requires-External')
+
+_345_MARKERS = ('Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist', 'Requires-Python',
+                'Obsoletes-Dist', 'Requires-External', 'Maintainer',
+                'Maintainer-email', 'Project-URL')
+
+_426_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'Maintainer', 'Maintainer-email', 'License',
+               'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Project-URL', 'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist',
+               'Requires-Python', 'Requires-External', 'Private-Version',
+               'Obsoleted-By', 'Setup-Requires-Dist', 'Extension',
+               'Provides-Extra')
+
+_426_MARKERS = ('Private-Version', 'Provides-Extra', 'Obsoleted-By',
+                'Setup-Requires-Dist', 'Extension')
+
+# See issue #106: Sometimes 'Requires' and 'Provides' occur wrongly in
+# the metadata. Include them in the tuple literal below to allow them
+# (for now).
+# Ditto for Obsoletes - see issue #140.
+_566_FIELDS = _426_FIELDS + ('Description-Content-Type',
+                             'Requires', 'Provides', 'Obsoletes')
+
+_566_MARKERS = ('Description-Content-Type',)
+
+_643_MARKERS = ('Dynamic', 'License-File')
+
+_643_FIELDS = _566_FIELDS + _643_MARKERS
+
+_ALL_FIELDS = set()
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_241_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_314_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_345_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_426_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_566_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_643_FIELDS)
+
+EXTRA_RE = re.compile(r'''extra\s*==\s*("([^"]+)"|'([^']+)')''')
+
+
+def _version2fieldlist(version):
+    if version == '1.0':
+        return _241_FIELDS
+    elif version == '1.1':
+        return _314_FIELDS
+    elif version == '1.2':
+        return _345_FIELDS
+    elif version in ('1.3', '2.1'):
+        # avoid adding field names if already there
+        return _345_FIELDS + tuple(f for f in _566_FIELDS if f not in _345_FIELDS)
+    elif version == '2.0':
+        raise ValueError('Metadata 2.0 is withdrawn and not supported')
+        # return _426_FIELDS
+    elif version == '2.2':
+        return _643_FIELDS
+    raise MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError(version)
+
+
+def _best_version(fields):
+    """Detect the best version depending on the fields used."""
+    def _has_marker(keys, markers):
+        return any(marker in keys for marker in markers)
+
+    keys = [key for key, value in fields.items() if value not in ([], 'UNKNOWN', None)]
+    possible_versions = ['1.0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '2.1', '2.2']  # 2.0 removed
+
+    # first let's try to see if a field is not part of one of the version
+    for key in keys:
+        if key not in _241_FIELDS and '1.0' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.0')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.0 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _314_FIELDS and '1.1' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.1')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.1 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _345_FIELDS and '1.2' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.2')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.2 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _566_FIELDS and '1.3' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.3')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.3 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _566_FIELDS and '2.1' in possible_versions:
+            if key != 'Description':  # In 2.1, description allowed after headers
+                possible_versions.remove('2.1')
+                logger.debug('Removed 2.1 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _643_FIELDS and '2.2' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('2.2')
+            logger.debug('Removed 2.2 due to %s', key)
+        # if key not in _426_FIELDS and '2.0' in possible_versions:
+            # possible_versions.remove('2.0')
+            # logger.debug('Removed 2.0 due to %s', key)
+
+    # possible_version contains qualified versions
+    if len(possible_versions) == 1:
+        return possible_versions[0]   # found !
+    elif len(possible_versions) == 0:
+        logger.debug('Out of options - unknown metadata set: %s', fields)
+        raise MetadataConflictError('Unknown metadata set')
+
+    # let's see if one unique marker is found
+    is_1_1 = '1.1' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _314_MARKERS)
+    is_1_2 = '1.2' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _345_MARKERS)
+    is_2_1 = '2.1' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _566_MARKERS)
+    # is_2_0 = '2.0' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _426_MARKERS)
+    is_2_2 = '2.2' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _643_MARKERS)
+    if int(is_1_1) + int(is_1_2) + int(is_2_1) + int(is_2_2) > 1:
+        raise MetadataConflictError('You used incompatible 1.1/1.2/2.1/2.2 fields')
+
+    # we have the choice, 1.0, or 1.2, 2.1 or 2.2
+    #   - 1.0 has a broken Summary field but works with all tools
+    #   - 1.1 is to avoid
+    #   - 1.2 fixes Summary but has little adoption
+    #   - 2.1 adds more features
+    #   - 2.2 is the latest
+    if not is_1_1 and not is_1_2 and not is_2_1 and not is_2_2:
+        # we couldn't find any specific marker
+        if PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION in possible_versions:
+            return PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION
+    if is_1_1:
+        return '1.1'
+    if is_1_2:
+        return '1.2'
+    if is_2_1:
+        return '2.1'
+    # if is_2_2:
+        # return '2.2'
+
+    return '2.2'
+
+# This follows the rules about transforming keys as described in
+# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#id17
+_ATTR2FIELD = {
+    name.lower().replace("-", "_"): name for name in _ALL_FIELDS
+}
+_FIELD2ATTR = {field: attr for attr, field in _ATTR2FIELD.items()}
+
+_PREDICATE_FIELDS = ('Requires-Dist', 'Obsoletes-Dist', 'Provides-Dist')
+_VERSIONS_FIELDS = ('Requires-Python',)
+_VERSION_FIELDS = ('Version',)
+_LISTFIELDS = ('Platform', 'Classifier', 'Obsoletes',
+               'Requires', 'Provides', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist', 'Requires-External',
+               'Project-URL', 'Supported-Platform', 'Setup-Requires-Dist',
+               'Provides-Extra', 'Extension', 'License-File')
+_LISTTUPLEFIELDS = ('Project-URL',)
+
+_ELEMENTSFIELD = ('Keywords',)
+
+_UNICODEFIELDS = ('Author', 'Maintainer', 'Summary', 'Description')
+
+_MISSING = object()
+
+_FILESAFE = re.compile('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+')
+
+
+def _get_name_and_version(name, version, for_filename=False):
+    """Return the distribution name with version.
+
+    If for_filename is true, return a filename-escaped form."""
+    if for_filename:
+        # For both name and version any runs of non-alphanumeric or '.'
+        # characters are replaced with a single '-'.  Additionally any
+        # spaces in the version string become '.'
+        name = _FILESAFE.sub('-', name)
+        version = _FILESAFE.sub('-', version.replace(' ', '.'))
+    return '%s-%s' % (name, version)
+
+
+class LegacyMetadata(object):
+    """The legacy metadata of a release.
+
+    Supports versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0 and 1.3/2.1 (auto-detected). You can
+    instantiate the class with one of these arguments (or none):
+    - *path*, the path to a metadata file
+    - *fileobj* give a file-like object with metadata as content
+    - *mapping* is a dict-like object
+    - *scheme* is a version scheme name
+    """
+    # TODO document the mapping API and UNKNOWN default key
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fileobj=None, mapping=None,
+                 scheme='default'):
+        if [path, fileobj, mapping].count(None) < 2:
+            raise TypeError('path, fileobj and mapping are exclusive')
+        self._fields = {}
+        self.requires_files = []
+        self._dependencies = None
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        if path is not None:
+            self.read(path)
+        elif fileobj is not None:
+            self.read_file(fileobj)
+        elif mapping is not None:
+            self.update(mapping)
+            self.set_metadata_version()
+
+    def set_metadata_version(self):
+        self._fields['Metadata-Version'] = _best_version(self._fields)
+
+    def _write_field(self, fileobj, name, value):
+        fileobj.write('%s: %s\n' % (name, value))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        return self.get(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+        return self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        field_name = self._convert_name(name)
+        try:
+            del self._fields[field_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(name)
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        return (name in self._fields or
+                self._convert_name(name) in self._fields)
+
+    def _convert_name(self, name):
+        if name in _ALL_FIELDS:
+            return name
+        name = name.replace('-', '_').lower()
+        return _ATTR2FIELD.get(name, name)
+
+    def _default_value(self, name):
+        if name in _LISTFIELDS or name in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+            return []
+        return 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def _remove_line_prefix(self, value):
+        if self.metadata_version in ('1.0', '1.1'):
+            return _LINE_PREFIX_PRE_1_2.sub('\n', value)
+        else:
+            return _LINE_PREFIX_1_2.sub('\n', value)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name in _ATTR2FIELD:
+            return self[name]
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    #
+    # Public API
+    #
+
+#    dependencies = property(_get_dependencies, _set_dependencies)
+
+    def get_fullname(self, filesafe=False):
+        """Return the distribution name with version.
+
+        If filesafe is true, return a filename-escaped form."""
+        return _get_name_and_version(self['Name'], self['Version'], filesafe)
+
+    def is_field(self, name):
+        """return True if name is a valid metadata key"""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        return name in _ALL_FIELDS
+
+    def is_multi_field(self, name):
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        return name in _LISTFIELDS
+
+    def read(self, filepath):
+        """Read the metadata values from a file path."""
+        fp = codecs.open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
+        try:
+            self.read_file(fp)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def read_file(self, fileob):
+        """Read the metadata values from a file object."""
+        msg = message_from_file(fileob)
+        self._fields['Metadata-Version'] = msg['metadata-version']
+
+        # When reading, get all the fields we can
+        for field in _ALL_FIELDS:
+            if field not in msg:
+                continue
+            if field in _LISTFIELDS:
+                # we can have multiple lines
+                values = msg.get_all(field)
+                if field in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS and values is not None:
+                    values = [tuple(value.split(',')) for value in values]
+                self.set(field, values)
+            else:
+                # single line
+                value = msg[field]
+                if value is not None and value != 'UNKNOWN':
+                    self.set(field, value)
+
+        # PEP 566 specifies that the body be used for the description, if
+        # available
+        body = msg.get_payload()
+        self["Description"] = body if body else self["Description"]
+        # logger.debug('Attempting to set metadata for %s', self)
+        # self.set_metadata_version()
+
+    def write(self, filepath, skip_unknown=False):
+        """Write the metadata fields to filepath."""
+        fp = codecs.open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
+        try:
+            self.write_file(fp, skip_unknown)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def write_file(self, fileobject, skip_unknown=False):
+        """Write the PKG-INFO format data to a file object."""
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        for field in _version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version']):
+            values = self.get(field)
+            if skip_unknown and values in ('UNKNOWN', [], ['UNKNOWN']):
+                continue
+            if field in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+                self._write_field(fileobject, field, ','.join(values))
+                continue
+            if field not in _LISTFIELDS:
+                if field == 'Description':
+                    if self.metadata_version in ('1.0', '1.1'):
+                        values = values.replace('\n', '\n        ')
+                    else:
+                        values = values.replace('\n', '\n       |')
+                values = [values]
+
+            if field in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS:
+                values = [','.join(value) for value in values]
+
+            for value in values:
+                self._write_field(fileobject, field, value)
+
+    def update(self, other=None, **kwargs):
+        """Set metadata values from the given iterable `other` and kwargs.
+
+        Behavior is like `dict.update`: If `other` has a ``keys`` method,
+        they are looped over and ``self[key]`` is assigned ``other[key]``.
+        Else, ``other`` is an iterable of ``(key, value)`` iterables.
+
+        Keys that don't match a metadata field or that have an empty value are
+        dropped.
+        """
+        def _set(key, value):
+            if key in _ATTR2FIELD and value:
+                self.set(self._convert_name(key), value)
+
+        if not other:
+            # other is None or empty container
+            pass
+        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+            for k in other.keys():
+                _set(k, other[k])
+        else:
+            for k, v in other:
+                _set(k, v)
+
+        if kwargs:
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                _set(k, v)
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        """Control then set a metadata field."""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+
+        if ((name in _ELEMENTSFIELD or name == 'Platform') and
+            not isinstance(value, (list, tuple))):
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                value = [v.strip() for v in value.split(',')]
+            else:
+                value = []
+        elif (name in _LISTFIELDS and
+              not isinstance(value, (list, tuple))):
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                value = [value]
+            else:
+                value = []
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.WARNING):
+            project_name = self['Name']
+
+            scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+            if name in _PREDICATE_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                for v in value:
+                    # check that the values are valid
+                    if not scheme.is_valid_matcher(v.split(';')[0]):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "'%s': '%s' is not valid (field '%s')",
+                            project_name, v, name)
+            # FIXME this rejects UNKNOWN, is that right?
+            elif name in _VERSIONS_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_constraint_list(value):
+                    logger.warning("'%s': '%s' is not a valid version (field '%s')",
+                                   project_name, value, name)
+            elif name in _VERSION_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_version(value):
+                    logger.warning("'%s': '%s' is not a valid version (field '%s')",
+                                   project_name, value, name)
+
+        if name in _UNICODEFIELDS:
+            if name == 'Description':
+                value = self._remove_line_prefix(value)
+
+        self._fields[name] = value
+
+    def get(self, name, default=_MISSING):
+        """Get a metadata field."""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        if name not in self._fields:
+            if default is _MISSING:
+                default = self._default_value(name)
+            return default
+        if name in _UNICODEFIELDS:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            return value
+        elif name in _LISTFIELDS:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            if value is None:
+                return []
+            res = []
+            for val in value:
+                if name not in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS:
+                    res.append(val)
+                else:
+                    # That's for Project-URL
+                    res.append((val[0], val[1]))
+            return res
+
+        elif name in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                return value.split(',')
+        return self._fields[name]
+
+    def check(self, strict=False):
+        """Check if the metadata is compliant. If strict is True then raise if
+        no Name or Version are provided"""
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        # XXX should check the versions (if the file was loaded)
+        missing, warnings = [], []
+
+        for attr in ('Name', 'Version'):  # required by PEP 345
+            if attr not in self:
+                missing.append(attr)
+
+        if strict and missing != []:
+            msg = 'missing required metadata: %s' % ', '.join(missing)
+            raise MetadataMissingError(msg)
+
+        for attr in ('Home-page', 'Author'):
+            if attr not in self:
+                missing.append(attr)
+
+        # checking metadata 1.2 (XXX needs to check 1.1, 1.0)
+        if self['Metadata-Version'] != '1.2':
+            return missing, warnings
+
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+
+        def are_valid_constraints(value):
+            for v in value:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_matcher(v.split(';')[0]):
+                    return False
+            return True
+
+        for fields, controller in ((_PREDICATE_FIELDS, are_valid_constraints),
+                                   (_VERSIONS_FIELDS,
+                                    scheme.is_valid_constraint_list),
+                                   (_VERSION_FIELDS,
+                                    scheme.is_valid_version)):
+            for field in fields:
+                value = self.get(field, None)
+                if value is not None and not controller(value):
+                    warnings.append("Wrong value for '%s': %s" % (field, value))
+
+        return missing, warnings
+
+    def todict(self, skip_missing=False):
+        """Return fields as a dict.
+
+        Field names will be converted to use the underscore-lowercase style
+        instead of hyphen-mixed case (i.e. home_page instead of Home-page).
+        This is as per https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#id17.
+        """
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        fields = _version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version'])
+
+        data = {}
+
+        for field_name in fields:
+            if not skip_missing or field_name in self._fields:
+                key = _FIELD2ATTR[field_name]
+                if key != 'project_url':
+                    data[key] = self[field_name]
+                else:
+                    data[key] = [','.join(u) for u in self[field_name]]
+
+        return data
+
+    def add_requirements(self, requirements):
+        if self['Metadata-Version'] == '1.1':
+            # we can't have 1.1 metadata *and* Setuptools requires
+            for field in ('Obsoletes', 'Requires', 'Provides'):
+                if field in self:
+                    del self[field]
+        self['Requires-Dist'] += requirements
+
+    # Mapping API
+    # TODO could add iter* variants
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return list(_version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version']))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for key in self.keys():
+            yield key
+
+    def values(self):
+        return [self[key] for key in self.keys()]
+
+    def items(self):
+        return [(key, self[key]) for key in self.keys()]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name,
+                               self.version)
+
+
+METADATA_FILENAME = 'pydist.json'
+WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME = 'metadata.json'
+LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME = 'METADATA'
+
+
+class Metadata(object):
+    """
+    The metadata of a release. This implementation uses 2.1
+    metadata where possible. If not possible, it wraps a LegacyMetadata
+    instance which handles the key-value metadata format.
+    """
+
+    METADATA_VERSION_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^\d+(\.\d+)*$')
+
+    NAME_MATCHER = re.compile('^[0-9A-Z]([0-9A-Z_.-]*[0-9A-Z])?$', re.I)
+
+    FIELDNAME_MATCHER = re.compile('^[A-Z]([0-9A-Z-]*[0-9A-Z])?$', re.I)
+
+    VERSION_MATCHER = PEP440_VERSION_RE
+
+    SUMMARY_MATCHER = re.compile('.{1,2047}')
+
+    METADATA_VERSION = '2.0'
+
+    GENERATOR = 'distlib (%s)' % __version__
+
+    MANDATORY_KEYS = {
+        'name': (),
+        'version': (),
+        'summary': ('legacy',),
+    }
+
+    INDEX_KEYS = ('name version license summary description author '
+                  'author_email keywords platform home_page classifiers '
+                  'download_url')
+
+    DEPENDENCY_KEYS = ('extras run_requires test_requires build_requires '
+                       'dev_requires provides meta_requires obsoleted_by '
+                       'supports_environments')
+
+    SYNTAX_VALIDATORS = {
+        'metadata_version': (METADATA_VERSION_MATCHER, ()),
+        'name': (NAME_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'version': (VERSION_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'summary': (SUMMARY_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'dynamic': (FIELDNAME_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+    }
+
+    __slots__ = ('_legacy', '_data', 'scheme')
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fileobj=None, mapping=None,
+                 scheme='default'):
+        if [path, fileobj, mapping].count(None) < 2:
+            raise TypeError('path, fileobj and mapping are exclusive')
+        self._legacy = None
+        self._data = None
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        #import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        if mapping is not None:
+            try:
+                self._validate_mapping(mapping, scheme)
+                self._data = mapping
+            except MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError:
+                self._legacy = LegacyMetadata(mapping=mapping, scheme=scheme)
+                self.validate()
+        else:
+            data = None
+            if path:
+                with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+                    data = f.read()
+            elif fileobj:
+                data = fileobj.read()
+            if data is None:
+                # Initialised with no args - to be added
+                self._data = {
+                    'metadata_version': self.METADATA_VERSION,
+                    'generator': self.GENERATOR,
+                }
+            else:
+                if not isinstance(data, text_type):
+                    data = data.decode('utf-8')
+                try:
+                    self._data = json.loads(data)
+                    self._validate_mapping(self._data, scheme)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Note: MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError does not
+                    # inherit from ValueError (it's a DistlibException,
+                    # which should not inherit from ValueError).
+                    # The ValueError comes from the json.load - if that
+                    # succeeds and we get a validation error, we want
+                    # that to propagate
+                    self._legacy = LegacyMetadata(fileobj=StringIO(data),
+                                                  scheme=scheme)
+                    self.validate()
+
+    common_keys = set(('name', 'version', 'license', 'keywords', 'summary'))
+
+    none_list = (None, list)
+    none_dict = (None, dict)
+
+    mapped_keys = {
+        'run_requires': ('Requires-Dist', list),
+        'build_requires': ('Setup-Requires-Dist', list),
+        'dev_requires': none_list,
+        'test_requires': none_list,
+        'meta_requires': none_list,
+        'extras': ('Provides-Extra', list),
+        'modules': none_list,
+        'namespaces': none_list,
+        'exports': none_dict,
+        'commands': none_dict,
+        'classifiers': ('Classifier', list),
+        'source_url': ('Download-URL', None),
+        'metadata_version': ('Metadata-Version', None),
+    }
+
+    del none_list, none_dict
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, key):
+        common = object.__getattribute__(self, 'common_keys')
+        mapped = object.__getattribute__(self, 'mapped_keys')
+        if key in mapped:
+            lk, maker = mapped[key]
+            if self._legacy:
+                if lk is None:
+                    result = None if maker is None else maker()
+                else:
+                    result = self._legacy.get(lk)
+            else:
+                value = None if maker is None else maker()
+                if key not in ('commands', 'exports', 'modules', 'namespaces',
+                               'classifiers'):
+                    result = self._data.get(key, value)
+                else:
+                    # special cases for PEP 459
+                    sentinel = object()
+                    result = sentinel
+                    d = self._data.get('extensions')
+                    if d:
+                        if key == 'commands':
+                            result = d.get('python.commands', value)
+                        elif key == 'classifiers':
+                            d = d.get('python.details')
+                            if d:
+                                result = d.get(key, value)
+                        else:
+                            d = d.get('python.exports')
+                            if not d:
+                                d = self._data.get('python.exports')
+                            if d:
+                                result = d.get(key, value)
+                    if result is sentinel:
+                        result = value
+        elif key not in common:
+            result = object.__getattribute__(self, key)
+        elif self._legacy:
+            result = self._legacy.get(key)
+        else:
+            result = self._data.get(key)
+        return result
+
+    def _validate_value(self, key, value, scheme=None):
+        if key in self.SYNTAX_VALIDATORS:
+            pattern, exclusions = self.SYNTAX_VALIDATORS[key]
+            if (scheme or self.scheme) not in exclusions:
+                m = pattern.match(value)
+                if not m:
+                    raise MetadataInvalidError("'%s' is an invalid value for "
+                                               "the '%s' property" % (value,
+                                                                    key))
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        self._validate_value(key, value)
+        common = object.__getattribute__(self, 'common_keys')
+        mapped = object.__getattribute__(self, 'mapped_keys')
+        if key in mapped:
+            lk, _ = mapped[key]
+            if self._legacy:
+                if lk is None:
+                    raise NotImplementedError
+                self._legacy[lk] = value
+            elif key not in ('commands', 'exports', 'modules', 'namespaces',
+                             'classifiers'):
+                self._data[key] = value
+            else:
+                # special cases for PEP 459
+                d = self._data.setdefault('extensions', {})
+                if key == 'commands':
+                    d['python.commands'] = value
+                elif key == 'classifiers':
+                    d = d.setdefault('python.details', {})
+                    d[key] = value
+                else:
+                    d = d.setdefault('python.exports', {})
+                    d[key] = value
+        elif key not in common:
+            object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
+        else:
+            if key == 'keywords':
+                if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                    value = value.strip()
+                    if value:
+                        value = value.split()
+                    else:
+                        value = []
+            if self._legacy:
+                self._legacy[key] = value
+            else:
+                self._data[key] = value
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_version(self):
+        return _get_name_and_version(self.name, self.version, True)
+
+    @property
+    def provides(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            result = self._legacy['Provides-Dist']
+        else:
+            result = self._data.setdefault('provides', [])
+        s = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+        if s not in result:
+            result.append(s)
+        return result
+
+    @provides.setter
+    def provides(self, value):
+        if self._legacy:
+            self._legacy['Provides-Dist'] = value
+        else:
+            self._data['provides'] = value
+
+    def get_requirements(self, reqts, extras=None, env=None):
+        """
+        Base method to get dependencies, given a set of extras
+        to satisfy and an optional environment context.
+        :param reqts: A list of sometimes-wanted dependencies,
+                      perhaps dependent on extras and environment.
+        :param extras: A list of optional components being requested.
+        :param env: An optional environment for marker evaluation.
+        """
+        if self._legacy:
+            result = reqts
+        else:
+            result = []
+            extras = get_extras(extras or [], self.extras)
+            for d in reqts:
+                if 'extra' not in d and 'environment' not in d:
+                    # unconditional
+                    include = True
+                else:
+                    if 'extra' not in d:
+                        # Not extra-dependent - only environment-dependent
+                        include = True
+                    else:
+                        include = d.get('extra') in extras
+                    if include:
+                        # Not excluded because of extras, check environment
+                        marker = d.get('environment')
+                        if marker:
+                            include = interpret(marker, env)
+                if include:
+                    result.extend(d['requires'])
+            for key in ('build', 'dev', 'test'):
+                e = ':%s:' % key
+                if e in extras:
+                    extras.remove(e)
+                    # A recursive call, but it should terminate since 'test'
+                    # has been removed from the extras
+                    reqts = self._data.get('%s_requires' % key, [])
+                    result.extend(self.get_requirements(reqts, extras=extras,
+                                                        env=env))
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def dictionary(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            return self._from_legacy()
+        return self._data
+
+    @property
+    def dependencies(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        else:
+            return extract_by_key(self._data, self.DEPENDENCY_KEYS)
+
+    @dependencies.setter
+    def dependencies(self, value):
+        if self._legacy:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        else:
+            self._data.update(value)
+
+    def _validate_mapping(self, mapping, scheme):
+        if mapping.get('metadata_version') != self.METADATA_VERSION:
+            raise MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError()
+        missing = []
+        for key, exclusions in self.MANDATORY_KEYS.items():
+            if key not in mapping:
+                if scheme not in exclusions:
+                    missing.append(key)
+        if missing:
+            msg = 'Missing metadata items: %s' % ', '.join(missing)
+            raise MetadataMissingError(msg)
+        for k, v in mapping.items():
+            self._validate_value(k, v, scheme)
+
+    def validate(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            missing, warnings = self._legacy.check(True)
+            if missing or warnings:
+                logger.warning('Metadata: missing: %s, warnings: %s',
+                               missing, warnings)
+        else:
+            self._validate_mapping(self._data, self.scheme)
+
+    def todict(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            return self._legacy.todict(True)
+        else:
+            result = extract_by_key(self._data, self.INDEX_KEYS)
+            return result
+
+    def _from_legacy(self):
+        assert self._legacy and not self._data
+        result = {
+            'metadata_version': self.METADATA_VERSION,
+            'generator': self.GENERATOR,
+        }
+        lmd = self._legacy.todict(True)     # skip missing ones
+        for k in ('name', 'version', 'license', 'summary', 'description',
+                  'classifier'):
+            if k in lmd:
+                if k == 'classifier':
+                    nk = 'classifiers'
+                else:
+                    nk = k
+                result[nk] = lmd[k]
+        kw = lmd.get('Keywords', [])
+        if kw == ['']:
+            kw = []
+        result['keywords'] = kw
+        keys = (('requires_dist', 'run_requires'),
+                ('setup_requires_dist', 'build_requires'))
+        for ok, nk in keys:
+            if ok in lmd and lmd[ok]:
+                result[nk] = [{'requires': lmd[ok]}]
+        result['provides'] = self.provides
+        author = {}
+        maintainer = {}
+        return result
+
+    LEGACY_MAPPING = {
+        'name': 'Name',
+        'version': 'Version',
+        ('extensions', 'python.details', 'license'): 'License',
+        'summary': 'Summary',
+        'description': 'Description',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'project_urls', 'Home'): 'Home-page',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'contacts', 0, 'name'): 'Author',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'contacts', 0, 'email'): 'Author-email',
+        'source_url': 'Download-URL',
+        ('extensions', 'python.details', 'classifiers'): 'Classifier',
+    }
+
+    def _to_legacy(self):
+        def process_entries(entries):
+            reqts = set()
+            for e in entries:
+                extra = e.get('extra')
+                env = e.get('environment')
+                rlist = e['requires']
+                for r in rlist:
+                    if not env and not extra:
+                        reqts.add(r)
+                    else:
+                        marker = ''
+                        if extra:
+                            marker = 'extra == "%s"' % extra
+                        if env:
+                            if marker:
+                                marker = '(%s) and %s' % (env, marker)
+                            else:
+                                marker = env
+                        reqts.add(';'.join((r, marker)))
+            return reqts
+
+        assert self._data and not self._legacy
+        result = LegacyMetadata()
+        nmd = self._data
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        for nk, ok in self.LEGACY_MAPPING.items():
+            if not isinstance(nk, tuple):
+                if nk in nmd:
+                    result[ok] = nmd[nk]
+            else:
+                d = nmd
+                found = True
+                for k in nk:
+                    try:
+                        d = d[k]
+                    except (KeyError, IndexError):
+                        found = False
+                        break
+                if found:
+                    result[ok] = d
+        r1 = process_entries(self.run_requires + self.meta_requires)
+        r2 = process_entries(self.build_requires + self.dev_requires)
+        if self.extras:
+            result['Provides-Extra'] = sorted(self.extras)
+        result['Requires-Dist'] = sorted(r1)
+        result['Setup-Requires-Dist'] = sorted(r2)
+        # TODO: any other fields wanted
+        return result
+
+    def write(self, path=None, fileobj=None, legacy=False, skip_unknown=True):
+        if [path, fileobj].count(None) != 1:
+            raise ValueError('Exactly one of path and fileobj is needed')
+        self.validate()
+        if legacy:
+            if self._legacy:
+                legacy_md = self._legacy
+            else:
+                legacy_md = self._to_legacy()
+            if path:
+                legacy_md.write(path, skip_unknown=skip_unknown)
+            else:
+                legacy_md.write_file(fileobj, skip_unknown=skip_unknown)
+        else:
+            if self._legacy:
+                d = self._from_legacy()
+            else:
+                d = self._data
+            if fileobj:
+                json.dump(d, fileobj, ensure_ascii=True, indent=2,
+                          sort_keys=True)
+            else:
+                with codecs.open(path, 'w', 'utf-8') as f:
+                    json.dump(d, f, ensure_ascii=True, indent=2,
+                              sort_keys=True)
+
+    def add_requirements(self, requirements):
+        if self._legacy:
+            self._legacy.add_requirements(requirements)
+        else:
+            run_requires = self._data.setdefault('run_requires', [])
+            always = None
+            for entry in run_requires:
+                if 'environment' not in entry and 'extra' not in entry:
+                    always = entry
+                    break
+            if always is None:
+                always = { 'requires': requirements }
+                run_requires.insert(0, always)
+            else:
+                rset = set(always['requires']) | set(requirements)
+                always['requires'] = sorted(rset)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        name = self.name or '(no name)'
+        version = self.version or 'no version'
+        return '<%s %s %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                    self.metadata_version, name, version)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fef52aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import bisect
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import pkgutil
+import sys
+import types
+import zipimport
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .util import cached_property, get_cache_base, Cache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+cache = None    # created when needed
+
+
+class ResourceCache(Cache):
+    def __init__(self, base=None):
+        if base is None:
+            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
+            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('resource-cache'))
+        super(ResourceCache, self).__init__(base)
+
+    def is_stale(self, resource, path):
+        """
+        Is the cache stale for the given resource?
+
+        :param resource: The :class:`Resource` being cached.
+        :param path: The path of the resource in the cache.
+        :return: True if the cache is stale.
+        """
+        # Cache invalidation is a hard problem :-)
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, resource):
+        """
+        Get a resource into the cache,
+
+        :param resource: A :class:`Resource` instance.
+        :return: The pathname of the resource in the cache.
+        """
+        prefix, path = resource.finder.get_cache_info(resource)
+        if prefix is None:
+            result = path
+        else:
+            result = os.path.join(self.base, self.prefix_to_dir(prefix), path)
+            dirname = os.path.dirname(result)
+            if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
+                os.makedirs(dirname)
+            if not os.path.exists(result):
+                stale = True
+            else:
+                stale = self.is_stale(resource, path)
+            if stale:
+                # write the bytes of the resource to the cache location
+                with open(result, 'wb') as f:
+                    f.write(resource.bytes)
+        return result
+
+
+class ResourceBase(object):
+    def __init__(self, finder, name):
+        self.finder = finder
+        self.name = name
+
+
+class Resource(ResourceBase):
+    """
+    A class representing an in-package resource, such as a data file. This is
+    not normally instantiated by user code, but rather by a
+    :class:`ResourceFinder` which manages the resource.
+    """
+    is_container = False        # Backwards compatibility
+
+    def as_stream(self):
+        """
+        Get the resource as a stream.
+
+        This is not a property to make it obvious that it returns a new stream
+        each time.
+        """
+        return self.finder.get_stream(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def file_path(self):
+        global cache
+        if cache is None:
+            cache = ResourceCache()
+        return cache.get(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def bytes(self):
+        return self.finder.get_bytes(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def size(self):
+        return self.finder.get_size(self)
+
+
+class ResourceContainer(ResourceBase):
+    is_container = True     # Backwards compatibility
+
+    @cached_property
+    def resources(self):
+        return self.finder.get_resources(self)
+
+
+class ResourceFinder(object):
+    """
+    Resource finder for file system resources.
+    """
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
+        skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo', '.class')
+    else:
+        skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo')
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        self.module = module
+        self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        self.base = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
+
+    def _adjust_path(self, path):
+        return os.path.realpath(path)
+
+    def _make_path(self, resource_name):
+        # Issue #50: need to preserve type of path on Python 2.x
+        # like os.path._get_sep
+        if isinstance(resource_name, bytes):    # should only happen on 2.x
+            sep = b'/'
+        else:
+            sep = '/'
+        parts = resource_name.split(sep)
+        parts.insert(0, self.base)
+        result = os.path.join(*parts)
+        return self._adjust_path(result)
+
+    def _find(self, path):
+        return os.path.exists(path)
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, resource):
+        return None, resource.path
+
+    def find(self, resource_name):
+        path = self._make_path(resource_name)
+        if not self._find(path):
+            result = None
+        else:
+            if self._is_directory(path):
+                result = ResourceContainer(self, resource_name)
+            else:
+                result = Resource(self, resource_name)
+            result.path = path
+        return result
+
+    def get_stream(self, resource):
+        return open(resource.path, 'rb')
+
+    def get_bytes(self, resource):
+        with open(resource.path, 'rb') as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def get_size(self, resource):
+        return os.path.getsize(resource.path)
+
+    def get_resources(self, resource):
+        def allowed(f):
+            return (f != '__pycache__' and not
+                    f.endswith(self.skipped_extensions))
+        return set([f for f in os.listdir(resource.path) if allowed(f)])
+
+    def is_container(self, resource):
+        return self._is_directory(resource.path)
+
+    _is_directory = staticmethod(os.path.isdir)
+
+    def iterator(self, resource_name):
+        resource = self.find(resource_name)
+        if resource is not None:
+            todo = [resource]
+            while todo:
+                resource = todo.pop(0)
+                yield resource
+                if resource.is_container:
+                    rname = resource.name
+                    for name in resource.resources:
+                        if not rname:
+                            new_name = name
+                        else:
+                            new_name = '/'.join([rname, name])
+                        child = self.find(new_name)
+                        if child.is_container:
+                            todo.append(child)
+                        else:
+                            yield child
+
+
+class ZipResourceFinder(ResourceFinder):
+    """
+    Resource finder for resources in .zip files.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super(ZipResourceFinder, self).__init__(module)
+        archive = self.loader.archive
+        self.prefix_len = 1 + len(archive)
+        # PyPy doesn't have a _files attr on zipimporter, and you can't set one
+        if hasattr(self.loader, '_files'):
+            self._files = self.loader._files
+        else:
+            self._files = zipimport._zip_directory_cache[archive]
+        self.index = sorted(self._files)
+
+    def _adjust_path(self, path):
+        return path
+
+    def _find(self, path):
+        path = path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path in self._files:
+            result = True
+        else:
+            if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+                path = path + os.sep
+            i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+            try:
+                result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
+            except IndexError:
+                result = False
+        if not result:
+            logger.debug('_find failed: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
+        else:
+            logger.debug('_find worked: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
+        return result
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, resource):
+        prefix = self.loader.archive
+        path = resource.path[1 + len(prefix):]
+        return prefix, path
+
+    def get_bytes(self, resource):
+        return self.loader.get_data(resource.path)
+
+    def get_stream(self, resource):
+        return io.BytesIO(self.get_bytes(resource))
+
+    def get_size(self, resource):
+        path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
+        return self._files[path][3]
+
+    def get_resources(self, resource):
+        path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+            path += os.sep
+        plen = len(path)
+        result = set()
+        i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+        while i < len(self.index):
+            if not self.index[i].startswith(path):
+                break
+            s = self.index[i][plen:]
+            result.add(s.split(os.sep, 1)[0])   # only immediate children
+            i += 1
+        return result
+
+    def _is_directory(self, path):
+        path = path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+            path += os.sep
+        i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+        try:
+            result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
+        except IndexError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+
+_finder_registry = {
+    type(None): ResourceFinder,
+    zipimport.zipimporter: ZipResourceFinder
+}
+
+try:
+    # In Python 3.6, _frozen_importlib -> _frozen_importlib_external
+    try:
+        import _frozen_importlib_external as _fi
+    except ImportError:
+        import _frozen_importlib as _fi
+    _finder_registry[_fi.SourceFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
+    _finder_registry[_fi.FileFinder] = ResourceFinder
+    # See issue #146
+    _finder_registry[_fi.SourcelessFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
+    del _fi
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+
+def register_finder(loader, finder_maker):
+    _finder_registry[type(loader)] = finder_maker
+
+
+_finder_cache = {}
+
+
+def finder(package):
+    """
+    Return a resource finder for a package.
+    :param package: The name of the package.
+    :return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the package.
+    """
+    if package in _finder_cache:
+        result = _finder_cache[package]
+    else:
+        if package not in sys.modules:
+            __import__(package)
+        module = sys.modules[package]
+        path = getattr(module, '__path__', None)
+        if path is None:
+            raise DistlibException('You cannot get a finder for a module, '
+                                   'only for a package')
+        loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        finder_maker = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
+        if finder_maker is None:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to locate finder for %r' % package)
+        result = finder_maker(module)
+        _finder_cache[package] = result
+    return result
+
+
+_dummy_module = types.ModuleType(str('__dummy__'))
+
+
+def finder_for_path(path):
+    """
+    Return a resource finder for a path, which should represent a container.
+
+    :param path: The path.
+    :return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the path.
+    """
+    result = None
+    # calls any path hooks, gets importer into cache
+    pkgutil.get_importer(path)
+    loader = sys.path_importer_cache.get(path)
+    finder = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
+    if finder:
+        module = _dummy_module
+        module.__file__ = os.path.join(path, '')
+        module.__loader__ = loader
+        result = finder(module)
+    return result
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfa45d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from io import BytesIO
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import sys
+import time
+from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
+from .resources import finder
+from .util import (FileOperator, get_export_entry, convert_path,
+                   get_executable, get_platform, in_venv)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_DEFAULT_MANIFEST = '''
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
+ <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0"
+ processorArchitecture="X86"
+ name="%s"
+ type="win32"/>
+
+ <!-- Identify the application security requirements. -->
+ <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+ <security>
+ <requestedPrivileges>
+ <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"/>
+ </requestedPrivileges>
+ </security>
+ </trustInfo>
+</assembly>'''.strip()
+
+# check if Python is called on the first line with this expression
+FIRST_LINE_RE = re.compile(b'^#!.*pythonw?[0-9.]*([ \t].*)?$')
+SCRIPT_TEMPLATE = r'''# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from %(module)s import %(import_name)s
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(%(func)s())
+'''
+
+
+def enquote_executable(executable):
+    if ' ' in executable:
+        # make sure we quote only the executable in case of env
+        # for example /usr/bin/env "/dir with spaces/bin/jython"
+        # instead of "/usr/bin/env /dir with spaces/bin/jython"
+        # otherwise whole
+        if executable.startswith('/usr/bin/env '):
+            env, _executable = executable.split(' ', 1)
+            if ' ' in _executable and not _executable.startswith('"'):
+                executable = '%s "%s"' % (env, _executable)
+        else:
+            if not executable.startswith('"'):
+                executable = '"%s"' % executable
+    return executable
+
+
+# Keep the old name around (for now), as there is at least one project using it!
+_enquote_executable = enquote_executable
+
+
+class ScriptMaker(object):
+    """
+    A class to copy or create scripts from source scripts or callable
+    specifications.
+    """
+    script_template = SCRIPT_TEMPLATE
+
+    executable = None  # for shebangs
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 source_dir,
+                 target_dir,
+                 add_launchers=True,
+                 dry_run=False,
+                 fileop=None):
+        self.source_dir = source_dir
+        self.target_dir = target_dir
+        self.add_launchers = add_launchers
+        self.force = False
+        self.clobber = False
+        # It only makes sense to set mode bits on POSIX.
+        self.set_mode = (os.name == 'posix') or (os.name == 'java'
+                                                 and os._name == 'posix')
+        self.variants = set(('', 'X.Y'))
+        self._fileop = fileop or FileOperator(dry_run)
+
+        self._is_nt = os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java'
+                                          and os._name == 'nt')
+        self.version_info = sys.version_info
+
+    def _get_alternate_executable(self, executable, options):
+        if options.get('gui', False) and self._is_nt:  # pragma: no cover
+            dn, fn = os.path.split(executable)
+            fn = fn.replace('python', 'pythonw')
+            executable = os.path.join(dn, fn)
+        return executable
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+
+        def _is_shell(self, executable):
+            """
+            Determine if the specified executable is a script
+            (contains a #! line)
+            """
+            try:
+                with open(executable) as fp:
+                    return fp.read(2) == '#!'
+            except (OSError, IOError):
+                logger.warning('Failed to open %s', executable)
+                return False
+
+        def _fix_jython_executable(self, executable):
+            if self._is_shell(executable):
+                # Workaround for Jython is not needed on Linux systems.
+                import java
+
+                if java.lang.System.getProperty('os.name') == 'Linux':
+                    return executable
+            elif executable.lower().endswith('jython.exe'):
+                # Use wrapper exe for Jython on Windows
+                return executable
+            return '/usr/bin/env %s' % executable
+
+    def _build_shebang(self, executable, post_interp):
+        """
+        Build a shebang line. In the simple case (on Windows, or a shebang line
+        which is not too long or contains spaces) use a simple formulation for
+        the shebang. Otherwise, use /bin/sh as the executable, with a contrived
+        shebang which allows the script to run either under Python or sh, using
+        suitable quoting. Thanks to Harald Nordgren for his input.
+
+        See also: http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/#length
+                  https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/mach
+        """
+        if os.name != 'posix':
+            simple_shebang = True
+        else:
+            # Add 3 for '#!' prefix and newline suffix.
+            shebang_length = len(executable) + len(post_interp) + 3
+            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+                max_shebang_length = 512
+            else:
+                max_shebang_length = 127
+            simple_shebang = ((b' ' not in executable)
+                              and (shebang_length <= max_shebang_length))
+
+        if simple_shebang:
+            result = b'#!' + executable + post_interp + b'\n'
+        else:
+            result = b'#!/bin/sh\n'
+            result += b"'''exec' " + executable + post_interp + b' "$0" "$@"\n'
+            result += b"' '''"
+        return result
+
+    def _get_shebang(self, encoding, post_interp=b'', options=None):
+        enquote = True
+        if self.executable:
+            executable = self.executable
+            enquote = False  # assume this will be taken care of
+        elif not sysconfig.is_python_build():
+            executable = get_executable()
+        elif in_venv():  # pragma: no cover
+            executable = os.path.join(
+                sysconfig.get_path('scripts'),
+                'python%s' % sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE'))
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            if os.name == 'nt':
+                # for Python builds from source on Windows, no Python executables with
+                # a version suffix are created, so we use python.exe
+                executable = os.path.join(
+                    sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
+                    'python%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
+            else:
+                executable = os.path.join(
+                    sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
+                    'python%s%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('VERSION'),
+                                    sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
+        if options:
+            executable = self._get_alternate_executable(executable, options)
+
+        if sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+            executable = self._fix_jython_executable(executable)
+
+        # Normalise case for Windows - COMMENTED OUT
+        # executable = os.path.normcase(executable)
+        # N.B. The normalising operation above has been commented out: See
+        # issue #124. Although paths in Windows are generally case-insensitive,
+        # they aren't always. For example, a path containing a ẞ (which is a
+        # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S - U+1E9E) is normcased to ß (which is a
+        # LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S' - U+00DF). The two are not considered by
+        # Windows as equivalent in path names.
+
+        # If the user didn't specify an executable, it may be necessary to
+        # cater for executable paths with spaces (not uncommon on Windows)
+        if enquote:
+            executable = enquote_executable(executable)
+        # Issue #51: don't use fsencode, since we later try to
+        # check that the shebang is decodable using utf-8.
+        executable = executable.encode('utf-8')
+        # in case of IronPython, play safe and enable frames support
+        if (sys.platform == 'cli' and '-X:Frames' not in post_interp
+                and '-X:FullFrames' not in post_interp):  # pragma: no cover
+            post_interp += b' -X:Frames'
+        shebang = self._build_shebang(executable, post_interp)
+        # Python parser starts to read a script using UTF-8 until
+        # it gets a #coding:xxx cookie. The shebang has to be the
+        # first line of a file, the #coding:xxx cookie cannot be
+        # written before. So the shebang has to be decodable from
+        # UTF-8.
+        try:
+            shebang.decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable from utf-8' %
+                             shebang)
+        # If the script is encoded to a custom encoding (use a
+        # #coding:xxx cookie), the shebang has to be decodable from
+        # the script encoding too.
+        if encoding != 'utf-8':
+            try:
+                shebang.decode(encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable '
+                                 'from the script encoding (%r)' %
+                                 (shebang, encoding))
+        return shebang
+
+    def _get_script_text(self, entry):
+        return self.script_template % dict(
+            module=entry.prefix,
+            import_name=entry.suffix.split('.')[0],
+            func=entry.suffix)
+
+    manifest = _DEFAULT_MANIFEST
+
+    def get_manifest(self, exename):
+        base = os.path.basename(exename)
+        return self.manifest % base
+
+    def _write_script(self, names, shebang, script_bytes, filenames, ext):
+        use_launcher = self.add_launchers and self._is_nt
+        linesep = os.linesep.encode('utf-8')
+        if not shebang.endswith(linesep):
+            shebang += linesep
+        if not use_launcher:
+            script_bytes = shebang + script_bytes
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            if ext == 'py':
+                launcher = self._get_launcher('t')
+            else:
+                launcher = self._get_launcher('w')
+            stream = BytesIO()
+            with ZipFile(stream, 'w') as zf:
+                source_date_epoch = os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH')
+                if source_date_epoch:
+                    date_time = time.gmtime(int(source_date_epoch))[:6]
+                    zinfo = ZipInfo(filename='__main__.py',
+                                    date_time=date_time)
+                    zf.writestr(zinfo, script_bytes)
+                else:
+                    zf.writestr('__main__.py', script_bytes)
+            zip_data = stream.getvalue()
+            script_bytes = launcher + shebang + zip_data
+        for name in names:
+            outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, name)
+            if use_launcher:  # pragma: no cover
+                n, e = os.path.splitext(outname)
+                if e.startswith('.py'):
+                    outname = n
+                outname = '%s.exe' % outname
+                try:
+                    self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                except Exception:
+                    # Failed writing an executable - it might be in use.
+                    logger.warning('Failed to write executable - trying to '
+                                   'use .deleteme logic')
+                    dfname = '%s.deleteme' % outname
+                    if os.path.exists(dfname):
+                        os.remove(dfname)  # Not allowed to fail here
+                    os.rename(outname, dfname)  # nor here
+                    self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                    logger.debug('Able to replace executable using '
+                                 '.deleteme logic')
+                    try:
+                        os.remove(dfname)
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass  # still in use - ignore error
+            else:
+                if self._is_nt and not outname.endswith(
+                        '.' + ext):  # pragma: no cover
+                    outname = '%s.%s' % (outname, ext)
+                if os.path.exists(outname) and not self.clobber:
+                    logger.warning('Skipping existing file %s', outname)
+                    continue
+                self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                if self.set_mode:
+                    self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
+            filenames.append(outname)
+
+    variant_separator = '-'
+
+    def get_script_filenames(self, name):
+        result = set()
+        if '' in self.variants:
+            result.add(name)
+        if 'X' in self.variants:
+            result.add('%s%s' % (name, self.version_info[0]))
+        if 'X.Y' in self.variants:
+            result.add('%s%s%s.%s' %
+                       (name, self.variant_separator, self.version_info[0],
+                        self.version_info[1]))
+        return result
+
+    def _make_script(self, entry, filenames, options=None):
+        post_interp = b''
+        if options:
+            args = options.get('interpreter_args', [])
+            if args:
+                args = ' %s' % ' '.join(args)
+                post_interp = args.encode('utf-8')
+        shebang = self._get_shebang('utf-8', post_interp, options=options)
+        script = self._get_script_text(entry).encode('utf-8')
+        scriptnames = self.get_script_filenames(entry.name)
+        if options and options.get('gui', False):
+            ext = 'pyw'
+        else:
+            ext = 'py'
+        self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
+
+    def _copy_script(self, script, filenames):
+        adjust = False
+        script = os.path.join(self.source_dir, convert_path(script))
+        outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, os.path.basename(script))
+        if not self.force and not self._fileop.newer(script, outname):
+            logger.debug('not copying %s (up-to-date)', script)
+            return
+
+        # Always open the file, but ignore failures in dry-run mode --
+        # that way, we'll get accurate feedback if we can read the
+        # script.
+        try:
+            f = open(script, 'rb')
+        except IOError:  # pragma: no cover
+            if not self.dry_run:
+                raise
+            f = None
+        else:
+            first_line = f.readline()
+            if not first_line:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning('%s is an empty file (skipping)', script)
+                return
+
+            match = FIRST_LINE_RE.match(first_line.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n'))
+            if match:
+                adjust = True
+                post_interp = match.group(1) or b''
+
+        if not adjust:
+            if f:
+                f.close()
+            self._fileop.copy_file(script, outname)
+            if self.set_mode:
+                self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
+            filenames.append(outname)
+        else:
+            logger.info('copying and adjusting %s -> %s', script,
+                        self.target_dir)
+            if not self._fileop.dry_run:
+                encoding, lines = detect_encoding(f.readline)
+                f.seek(0)
+                shebang = self._get_shebang(encoding, post_interp)
+                if b'pythonw' in first_line:  # pragma: no cover
+                    ext = 'pyw'
+                else:
+                    ext = 'py'
+                n = os.path.basename(outname)
+                self._write_script([n], shebang, f.read(), filenames, ext)
+            if f:
+                f.close()
+
+    @property
+    def dry_run(self):
+        return self._fileop.dry_run
+
+    @dry_run.setter
+    def dry_run(self, value):
+        self._fileop.dry_run = value
+
+    if os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java'
+                           and os._name == 'nt'):  # pragma: no cover
+        # Executable launcher support.
+        # Launchers are from https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/simple_launcher/
+
+        def _get_launcher(self, kind):
+            if struct.calcsize('P') == 8:  # 64-bit
+                bits = '64'
+            else:
+                bits = '32'
+            platform_suffix = '-arm' if get_platform() == 'win-arm64' else ''
+            name = '%s%s%s.exe' % (kind, bits, platform_suffix)
+            # Issue 31: don't hardcode an absolute package name, but
+            # determine it relative to the current package
+            distlib_package = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+            resource = finder(distlib_package).find(name)
+            if not resource:
+                msg = ('Unable to find resource %s in package %s' %
+                       (name, distlib_package))
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return resource.bytes
+
+    # Public API follows
+
+    def make(self, specification, options=None):
+        """
+        Make a script.
+
+        :param specification: The specification, which is either a valid export
+                              entry specification (to make a script from a
+                              callable) or a filename (to make a script by
+                              copying from a source location).
+        :param options: A dictionary of options controlling script generation.
+        :return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to.
+        """
+        filenames = []
+        entry = get_export_entry(specification)
+        if entry is None:
+            self._copy_script(specification, filenames)
+        else:
+            self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
+        return filenames
+
+    def make_multiple(self, specifications, options=None):
+        """
+        Take a list of specifications and make scripts from them,
+        :param specifications: A list of specifications.
+        :return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to,
+        """
+        filenames = []
+        for specification in specifications:
+            filenames.extend(self.make(specification, options))
+        return filenames
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba58858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2025 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import codecs
+from collections import deque
+import contextlib
+import csv
+from glob import iglob as std_iglob
+import io
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import py_compile
+import re
+import socket
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    ssl = None
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+import time
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (string_types, text_type, shutil, raw_input, StringIO,
+                     cache_from_source, urlopen, urljoin, httplib, xmlrpclib,
+                     HTTPHandler, BaseConfigurator, valid_ident,
+                     Container, configparser, URLError, ZipFile, fsdecode,
+                     unquote, urlparse)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+#
+# Requirement parsing code as per PEP 508
+#
+
+IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'^([\w\.-]+)\s*')
+VERSION_IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'^([\w\.*+-]+)\s*')
+COMPARE_OP = re.compile(r'^(<=?|>=?|={2,3}|[~!]=)\s*')
+MARKER_OP = re.compile(r'^((<=?)|(>=?)|={2,3}|[~!]=|in|not\s+in)\s*')
+OR = re.compile(r'^or\b\s*')
+AND = re.compile(r'^and\b\s*')
+NON_SPACE = re.compile(r'(\S+)\s*')
+STRING_CHUNK = re.compile(r'([\s\w\.{}()*+#:;,/?!~`@$%^&=|<>\[\]-]+)')
+
+
+def parse_marker(marker_string):
+    """
+    Parse a marker string and return a dictionary containing a marker expression.
+
+    The dictionary will contain keys "op", "lhs" and "rhs" for non-terminals in
+    the expression grammar, or strings. A string contained in quotes is to be
+    interpreted as a literal string, and a string not contained in quotes is a
+    variable (such as os_name).
+    """
+
+    def marker_var(remaining):
+        # either identifier, or literal string
+        m = IDENTIFIER.match(remaining)
+        if m:
+            result = m.groups()[0]
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+        elif not remaining:
+            raise SyntaxError('unexpected end of input')
+        else:
+            q = remaining[0]
+            if q not in '\'"':
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid expression: %s' % remaining)
+            oq = '\'"'.replace(q, '')
+            remaining = remaining[1:]
+            parts = [q]
+            while remaining:
+                # either a string chunk, or oq, or q to terminate
+                if remaining[0] == q:
+                    break
+                elif remaining[0] == oq:
+                    parts.append(oq)
+                    remaining = remaining[1:]
+                else:
+                    m = STRING_CHUNK.match(remaining)
+                    if not m:
+                        raise SyntaxError('error in string literal: %s' %
+                                          remaining)
+                    parts.append(m.groups()[0])
+                    remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            else:
+                s = ''.join(parts)
+                raise SyntaxError('unterminated string: %s' % s)
+            parts.append(q)
+            result = ''.join(parts)
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()  # skip past closing quote
+        return result, remaining
+
+    def marker_expr(remaining):
+        if remaining and remaining[0] == '(':
+            result, remaining = marker(remaining[1:].lstrip())
+            if remaining[0] != ')':
+                raise SyntaxError('unterminated parenthesis: %s' % remaining)
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+        else:
+            lhs, remaining = marker_var(remaining)
+            while remaining:
+                m = MARKER_OP.match(remaining)
+                if not m:
+                    break
+                op = m.groups()[0]
+                remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+                rhs, remaining = marker_var(remaining)
+                lhs = {'op': op, 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+            result = lhs
+        return result, remaining
+
+    def marker_and(remaining):
+        lhs, remaining = marker_expr(remaining)
+        while remaining:
+            m = AND.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            rhs, remaining = marker_expr(remaining)
+            lhs = {'op': 'and', 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+        return lhs, remaining
+
+    def marker(remaining):
+        lhs, remaining = marker_and(remaining)
+        while remaining:
+            m = OR.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            rhs, remaining = marker_and(remaining)
+            lhs = {'op': 'or', 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+        return lhs, remaining
+
+    return marker(marker_string)
+
+
+def parse_requirement(req):
+    """
+    Parse a requirement passed in as a string. Return a Container
+    whose attributes contain the various parts of the requirement.
+    """
+    remaining = req.strip()
+    if not remaining or remaining.startswith('#'):
+        return None
+    m = IDENTIFIER.match(remaining)
+    if not m:
+        raise SyntaxError('name expected: %s' % remaining)
+    distname = m.groups()[0]
+    remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+    extras = mark_expr = versions = uri = None
+    if remaining and remaining[0] == '[':
+        i = remaining.find(']', 1)
+        if i < 0:
+            raise SyntaxError('unterminated extra: %s' % remaining)
+        s = remaining[1:i]
+        remaining = remaining[i + 1:].lstrip()
+        extras = []
+        while s:
+            m = IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+            if not m:
+                raise SyntaxError('malformed extra: %s' % s)
+            extras.append(m.groups()[0])
+            s = s[m.end():]
+            if not s:
+                break
+            if s[0] != ',':
+                raise SyntaxError('comma expected in extras: %s' % s)
+            s = s[1:].lstrip()
+        if not extras:
+            extras = None
+    if remaining:
+        if remaining[0] == '@':
+            # it's a URI
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+            m = NON_SPACE.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid URI: %s' % remaining)
+            uri = m.groups()[0]
+            t = urlparse(uri)
+            # there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
+            # is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
+            # always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
+            # exceptions for malformed URLs
+            if not (t.scheme and t.netloc):
+                raise SyntaxError('Invalid URL: %s' % uri)
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():].lstrip()
+        else:
+
+            def get_versions(ver_remaining):
+                """
+                Return a list of operator, version tuples if any are
+                specified, else None.
+                """
+                m = COMPARE_OP.match(ver_remaining)
+                versions = None
+                if m:
+                    versions = []
+                    while True:
+                        op = m.groups()[0]
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[m.end():]
+                        m = VERSION_IDENTIFIER.match(ver_remaining)
+                        if not m:
+                            raise SyntaxError('invalid version: %s' %
+                                              ver_remaining)
+                        v = m.groups()[0]
+                        versions.append((op, v))
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[m.end():]
+                        if not ver_remaining or ver_remaining[0] != ',':
+                            break
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[1:].lstrip()
+                        # Some packages have a trailing comma which would break things
+                        # See issue #148
+                        if not ver_remaining:
+                            break
+                        m = COMPARE_OP.match(ver_remaining)
+                        if not m:
+                            raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' %
+                                              ver_remaining)
+                    if not versions:
+                        versions = None
+                return versions, ver_remaining
+
+            if remaining[0] != '(':
+                versions, remaining = get_versions(remaining)
+            else:
+                i = remaining.find(')', 1)
+                if i < 0:
+                    raise SyntaxError('unterminated parenthesis: %s' %
+                                      remaining)
+                s = remaining[1:i]
+                remaining = remaining[i + 1:].lstrip()
+                # As a special diversion from PEP 508, allow a version number
+                # a.b.c in parentheses as a synonym for ~= a.b.c (because this
+                # is allowed in earlier PEPs)
+                if COMPARE_OP.match(s):
+                    versions, _ = get_versions(s)
+                else:
+                    m = VERSION_IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+                    if not m:
+                        raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' % s)
+                    v = m.groups()[0]
+                    s = s[m.end():].lstrip()
+                    if s:
+                        raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' % s)
+                    versions = [('~=', v)]
+
+    if remaining:
+        if remaining[0] != ';':
+            raise SyntaxError('invalid requirement: %s' % remaining)
+        remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+
+        mark_expr, remaining = parse_marker(remaining)
+
+    if remaining and remaining[0] != '#':
+        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data: %s' % remaining)
+
+    if not versions:
+        rs = distname
+    else:
+        rs = '%s %s' % (distname, ', '.join(
+            ['%s %s' % con for con in versions]))
+    return Container(name=distname,
+                     extras=extras,
+                     constraints=versions,
+                     marker=mark_expr,
+                     url=uri,
+                     requirement=rs)
+
+
+def get_resources_dests(resources_root, rules):
+    """Find destinations for resources files"""
+
+    def get_rel_path(root, path):
+        # normalizes and returns a lstripped-/-separated path
+        root = root.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        path = path.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        assert path.startswith(root)
+        return path[len(root):].lstrip('/')
+
+    destinations = {}
+    for base, suffix, dest in rules:
+        prefix = os.path.join(resources_root, base)
+        for abs_base in iglob(prefix):
+            abs_glob = os.path.join(abs_base, suffix)
+            for abs_path in iglob(abs_glob):
+                resource_file = get_rel_path(resources_root, abs_path)
+                if dest is None:  # remove the entry if it was here
+                    destinations.pop(resource_file, None)
+                else:
+                    rel_path = get_rel_path(abs_base, abs_path)
+                    rel_dest = dest.replace(os.path.sep, '/').rstrip('/')
+                    destinations[resource_file] = rel_dest + '/' + rel_path
+    return destinations
+
+
+def in_venv():
+    if hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix'):
+        # virtualenv venvs
+        result = True
+    else:
+        # PEP 405 venvs
+        result = sys.prefix != getattr(sys, 'base_prefix', sys.prefix)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_executable():
+    # The __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ dance is apparently no longer needed, as
+    # changes to the stub launcher mean that sys.executable always points
+    # to the stub on OS X
+    #    if sys.platform == 'darwin' and ('__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__'
+    #                                     in os.environ):
+    #        result =  os.environ['__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__']
+    #    else:
+    #        result = sys.executable
+    #    return result
+    # Avoid normcasing: see issue #143
+    # result = os.path.normcase(sys.executable)
+    result = sys.executable
+    if not isinstance(result, text_type):
+        result = fsdecode(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def proceed(prompt, allowed_chars, error_prompt=None, default=None):
+    p = prompt
+    while True:
+        s = raw_input(p)
+        p = prompt
+        if not s and default:
+            s = default
+        if s:
+            c = s[0].lower()
+            if c in allowed_chars:
+                break
+            if error_prompt:
+                p = '%c: %s\n%s' % (c, error_prompt, prompt)
+    return c
+
+
+def extract_by_key(d, keys):
+    if isinstance(keys, string_types):
+        keys = keys.split()
+    result = {}
+    for key in keys:
+        if key in d:
+            result[key] = d[key]
+    return result
+
+
+def read_exports(stream):
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # needs to be a text stream
+        stream = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(stream)
+    # Try to load as JSON, falling back on legacy format
+    data = stream.read()
+    stream = StringIO(data)
+    try:
+        jdata = json.load(stream)
+        result = jdata['extensions']['python.exports']['exports']
+        for group, entries in result.items():
+            for k, v in entries.items():
+                s = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                entry = get_export_entry(s)
+                assert entry is not None
+                entries[k] = entry
+        return result
+    except Exception:
+        stream.seek(0, 0)
+
+    def read_stream(cp, stream):
+        if hasattr(cp, 'read_file'):
+            cp.read_file(stream)
+        else:
+            cp.readfp(stream)
+
+    cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    try:
+        read_stream(cp, stream)
+    except configparser.MissingSectionHeaderError:
+        stream.close()
+        data = textwrap.dedent(data)
+        stream = StringIO(data)
+        read_stream(cp, stream)
+
+    result = {}
+    for key in cp.sections():
+        result[key] = entries = {}
+        for name, value in cp.items(key):
+            s = '%s = %s' % (name, value)
+            entry = get_export_entry(s)
+            assert entry is not None
+            # entry.dist = self
+            entries[name] = entry
+    return result
+
+
+def write_exports(exports, stream):
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # needs to be a text stream
+        stream = codecs.getwriter('utf-8')(stream)
+    cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    for k, v in exports.items():
+        # TODO check k, v for valid values
+        cp.add_section(k)
+        for entry in v.values():
+            if entry.suffix is None:
+                s = entry.prefix
+            else:
+                s = '%s:%s' % (entry.prefix, entry.suffix)
+            if entry.flags:
+                s = '%s [%s]' % (s, ', '.join(entry.flags))
+            cp.set(k, entry.name, s)
+    cp.write(stream)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def tempdir():
+    td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        yield td
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(td)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(d):
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(d)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def socket_timeout(seconds=15):
+    cto = socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    try:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(seconds)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(cto)
+
+
+class cached_property(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, func):
+        self.func = func
+        # for attr in ('__name__', '__module__', '__doc__'):
+        #     setattr(self, attr, getattr(func, attr, None))
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+        value = self.func(obj)
+        object.__setattr__(obj, self.func.__name__, value)
+        # obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = value = self.func(obj)
+        return value
+
+
+def convert_path(pathname):
+    """Return 'pathname' as a name that will work on the native filesystem.
+
+    The path is split on '/' and put back together again using the current
+    directory separator.  Needed because filenames in the setup script are
+    always supplied in Unix style, and have to be converted to the local
+    convention before we can actually use them in the filesystem.  Raises
+    ValueError on non-Unix-ish systems if 'pathname' either starts or
+    ends with a slash.
+    """
+    if os.sep == '/':
+        return pathname
+    if not pathname:
+        return pathname
+    if pathname[0] == '/':
+        raise ValueError("path '%s' cannot be absolute" % pathname)
+    if pathname[-1] == '/':
+        raise ValueError("path '%s' cannot end with '/'" % pathname)
+
+    paths = pathname.split('/')
+    while os.curdir in paths:
+        paths.remove(os.curdir)
+    if not paths:
+        return os.curdir
+    return os.path.join(*paths)
+
+
+class FileOperator(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, dry_run=False):
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
+        self.ensured = set()
+        self._init_record()
+
+    def _init_record(self):
+        self.record = False
+        self.files_written = set()
+        self.dirs_created = set()
+
+    def record_as_written(self, path):
+        if self.record:
+            self.files_written.add(path)
+
+    def newer(self, source, target):
+        """Tell if the target is newer than the source.
+
+        Returns true if 'source' exists and is more recently modified than
+        'target', or if 'source' exists and 'target' doesn't.
+
+        Returns false if both exist and 'target' is the same age or younger
+        than 'source'. Raise PackagingFileError if 'source' does not exist.
+
+        Note that this test is not very accurate: files created in the same
+        second will have the same "age".
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(source):
+            raise DistlibException("file '%r' does not exist" %
+                                   os.path.abspath(source))
+        if not os.path.exists(target):
+            return True
+
+        return os.stat(source).st_mtime > os.stat(target).st_mtime
+
+    def copy_file(self, infile, outfile, check=True):
+        """Copy a file respecting dry-run and force flags.
+        """
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(outfile))
+        logger.info('Copying %s to %s', infile, outfile)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            msg = None
+            if check:
+                if os.path.islink(outfile):
+                    msg = '%s is a symlink' % outfile
+                elif os.path.exists(outfile) and not os.path.isfile(outfile):
+                    msg = '%s is a non-regular file' % outfile
+            if msg:
+                raise ValueError(msg + ' which would be overwritten')
+            shutil.copyfile(infile, outfile)
+        self.record_as_written(outfile)
+
+    def copy_stream(self, instream, outfile, encoding=None):
+        assert not os.path.isdir(outfile)
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(outfile))
+        logger.info('Copying stream %s to %s', instream, outfile)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if encoding is None:
+                outstream = open(outfile, 'wb')
+            else:
+                outstream = codecs.open(outfile, 'w', encoding=encoding)
+            try:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(instream, outstream)
+            finally:
+                outstream.close()
+        self.record_as_written(outfile)
+
+    def write_binary_file(self, path, data):
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if os.path.exists(path):
+                os.remove(path)
+            with open(path, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(data)
+        self.record_as_written(path)
+
+    def write_text_file(self, path, data, encoding):
+        self.write_binary_file(path, data.encode(encoding))
+
+    def set_mode(self, bits, mask, files):
+        if os.name == 'posix' or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'posix'):
+            # Set the executable bits (owner, group, and world) on
+            # all the files specified.
+            for f in files:
+                if self.dry_run:
+                    logger.info("changing mode of %s", f)
+                else:
+                    mode = (os.stat(f).st_mode | bits) & mask
+                    logger.info("changing mode of %s to %o", f, mode)
+                    os.chmod(f, mode)
+
+    set_executable_mode = lambda s, f: s.set_mode(0o555, 0o7777, f)
+
+    def ensure_dir(self, path):
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+        if path not in self.ensured and not os.path.exists(path):
+            self.ensured.add(path)
+            d, f = os.path.split(path)
+            self.ensure_dir(d)
+            logger.info('Creating %s' % path)
+            if not self.dry_run:
+                os.mkdir(path)
+            if self.record:
+                self.dirs_created.add(path)
+
+    def byte_compile(self,
+                     path,
+                     optimize=False,
+                     force=False,
+                     prefix=None,
+                     hashed_invalidation=False):
+        dpath = cache_from_source(path, not optimize)
+        logger.info('Byte-compiling %s to %s', path, dpath)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if force or self.newer(path, dpath):
+                if not prefix:
+                    diagpath = None
+                else:
+                    assert path.startswith(prefix)
+                    diagpath = path[len(prefix):]
+            compile_kwargs = {}
+            if hashed_invalidation and hasattr(py_compile,
+                                               'PycInvalidationMode'):
+                compile_kwargs[
+                    'invalidation_mode'] = py_compile.PycInvalidationMode.CHECKED_HASH
+            py_compile.compile(path, dpath, diagpath, True,
+                               **compile_kwargs)  # raise error
+        self.record_as_written(dpath)
+        return dpath
+
+    def ensure_removed(self, path):
+        if os.path.exists(path):
+            if os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.islink(path):
+                logger.debug('Removing directory tree at %s', path)
+                if not self.dry_run:
+                    shutil.rmtree(path)
+                if self.record:
+                    if path in self.dirs_created:
+                        self.dirs_created.remove(path)
+            else:
+                if os.path.islink(path):
+                    s = 'link'
+                else:
+                    s = 'file'
+                logger.debug('Removing %s %s', s, path)
+                if not self.dry_run:
+                    os.remove(path)
+                if self.record:
+                    if path in self.files_written:
+                        self.files_written.remove(path)
+
+    def is_writable(self, path):
+        result = False
+        while not result:
+            if os.path.exists(path):
+                result = os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+                break
+            parent = os.path.dirname(path)
+            if parent == path:
+                break
+            path = parent
+        return result
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """
+        Commit recorded changes, turn off recording, return
+        changes.
+        """
+        assert self.record
+        result = self.files_written, self.dirs_created
+        self._init_record()
+        return result
+
+    def rollback(self):
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            for f in list(self.files_written):
+                if os.path.exists(f):
+                    os.remove(f)
+            # dirs should all be empty now, except perhaps for
+            # __pycache__ subdirs
+            # reverse so that subdirs appear before their parents
+            dirs = sorted(self.dirs_created, reverse=True)
+            for d in dirs:
+                flist = os.listdir(d)
+                if flist:
+                    assert flist == ['__pycache__']
+                    sd = os.path.join(d, flist[0])
+                    os.rmdir(sd)
+                os.rmdir(d)  # should fail if non-empty
+        self._init_record()
+
+
+def resolve(module_name, dotted_path):
+    if module_name in sys.modules:
+        mod = sys.modules[module_name]
+    else:
+        mod = __import__(module_name)
+    if dotted_path is None:
+        result = mod
+    else:
+        parts = dotted_path.split('.')
+        result = getattr(mod, parts.pop(0))
+        for p in parts:
+            result = getattr(result, p)
+    return result
+
+
+class ExportEntry(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, prefix, suffix, flags):
+        self.name = name
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.suffix = suffix
+        self.flags = flags
+
+    @cached_property
+    def value(self):
+        return resolve(self.prefix, self.suffix)
+
+    def __repr__(self):  # pragma: no cover
+        return '<ExportEntry %s = %s:%s %s>' % (self.name, self.prefix,
+                                                self.suffix, self.flags)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, ExportEntry):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            result = (self.name == other.name and self.prefix == other.prefix
+                      and self.suffix == other.suffix
+                      and self.flags == other.flags)
+        return result
+
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+ENTRY_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''(?P<name>([^\[]\S*))
+                      \s*=\s*(?P<callable>(\w+)([:\.]\w+)*)
+                      \s*(\[\s*(?P<flags>[\w-]+(=\w+)?(,\s*\w+(=\w+)?)*)\s*\])?
+                      ''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+
+def get_export_entry(specification):
+    m = ENTRY_RE.search(specification)
+    if not m:
+        result = None
+        if '[' in specification or ']' in specification:
+            raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                   "'%s'" % specification)
+    else:
+        d = m.groupdict()
+        name = d['name']
+        path = d['callable']
+        colons = path.count(':')
+        if colons == 0:
+            prefix, suffix = path, None
+        else:
+            if colons != 1:
+                raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                       "'%s'" % specification)
+            prefix, suffix = path.split(':')
+        flags = d['flags']
+        if flags is None:
+            if '[' in specification or ']' in specification:
+                raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                       "'%s'" % specification)
+            flags = []
+        else:
+            flags = [f.strip() for f in flags.split(',')]
+        result = ExportEntry(name, prefix, suffix, flags)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_cache_base(suffix=None):
+    """
+    Return the default base location for distlib caches. If the directory does
+    not exist, it is created. Use the suffix provided for the base directory,
+    and default to '.distlib' if it isn't provided.
+
+    On Windows, if LOCALAPPDATA is defined in the environment, then it is
+    assumed to be a directory, and will be the parent directory of the result.
+    On POSIX, and on Windows if LOCALAPPDATA is not defined, the user's home
+    directory - using os.expanduser('~') - will be the parent directory of
+    the result.
+
+    The result is just the directory '.distlib' in the parent directory as
+    determined above, or with the name specified with ``suffix``.
+    """
+    if suffix is None:
+        suffix = '.distlib'
+    if os.name == 'nt' and 'LOCALAPPDATA' in os.environ:
+        result = os.path.expandvars('$localappdata')
+    else:
+        # Assume posix, or old Windows
+        result = os.path.expanduser('~')
+    # we use 'isdir' instead of 'exists', because we want to
+    # fail if there's a file with that name
+    if os.path.isdir(result):
+        usable = os.access(result, os.W_OK)
+        if not usable:
+            logger.warning('Directory exists but is not writable: %s', result)
+    else:
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(result)
+            usable = True
+        except OSError:
+            logger.warning('Unable to create %s', result, exc_info=True)
+            usable = False
+    if not usable:
+        result = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        logger.warning('Default location unusable, using %s', result)
+    return os.path.join(result, suffix)
+
+
+def path_to_cache_dir(path):
+    """
+    Convert an absolute path to a directory name for use in a cache.
+
+    The algorithm used is:
+
+    #. On Windows, any ``':'`` in the drive is replaced with ``'---'``.
+    #. Any occurrence of ``os.sep`` is replaced with ``'--'``.
+    #. ``'.cache'`` is appended.
+    """
+    d, p = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(path))
+    if d:
+        d = d.replace(':', '---')
+    p = p.replace(os.sep, '--')
+    return d + p + '.cache'
+
+
+def ensure_slash(s):
+    if not s.endswith('/'):
+        return s + '/'
+    return s
+
+
+def parse_credentials(netloc):
+    username = password = None
+    if '@' in netloc:
+        prefix, netloc = netloc.rsplit('@', 1)
+        if ':' not in prefix:
+            username = prefix
+        else:
+            username, password = prefix.split(':', 1)
+    if username:
+        username = unquote(username)
+    if password:
+        password = unquote(password)
+    return username, password, netloc
+
+
+def get_process_umask():
+    result = os.umask(0o22)
+    os.umask(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def is_string_sequence(seq):
+    result = True
+    i = None
+    for i, s in enumerate(seq):
+        if not isinstance(s, string_types):
+            result = False
+            break
+    assert i is not None
+    return result
+
+
+PROJECT_NAME_AND_VERSION = re.compile(
+    '([a-z0-9_]+([.-][a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)*)-'
+    '([a-z0-9_.+-]+)', re.I)
+PYTHON_VERSION = re.compile(r'-py(\d\.?\d?)')
+
+
+def split_filename(filename, project_name=None):
+    """
+    Extract name, version, python version from a filename (no extension)
+
+    Return name, version, pyver or None
+    """
+    result = None
+    pyver = None
+    filename = unquote(filename).replace(' ', '-')
+    m = PYTHON_VERSION.search(filename)
+    if m:
+        pyver = m.group(1)
+        filename = filename[:m.start()]
+    if project_name and len(filename) > len(project_name) + 1:
+        m = re.match(re.escape(project_name) + r'\b', filename)
+        if m:
+            n = m.end()
+            result = filename[:n], filename[n + 1:], pyver
+    if result is None:
+        m = PROJECT_NAME_AND_VERSION.match(filename)
+        if m:
+            result = m.group(1), m.group(3), pyver
+    return result
+
+
+# Allow spaces in name because of legacy dists like "Twisted Core"
+NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'(?P<name>[\w .-]+)\s*'
+                             r'\(\s*(?P<ver>[^\s)]+)\)$')
+
+
+def parse_name_and_version(p):
+    """
+    A utility method used to get name and version from a string.
+
+    From e.g. a Provides-Dist value.
+
+    :param p: A value in a form 'foo (1.0)'
+    :return: The name and version as a tuple.
+    """
+    m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(p)
+    if not m:
+        raise DistlibException('Ill-formed name/version string: \'%s\'' % p)
+    d = m.groupdict()
+    return d['name'].strip().lower(), d['ver']
+
+
+def get_extras(requested, available):
+    result = set()
+    requested = set(requested or [])
+    available = set(available or [])
+    if '*' in requested:
+        requested.remove('*')
+        result |= available
+    for r in requested:
+        if r == '-':
+            result.add(r)
+        elif r.startswith('-'):
+            unwanted = r[1:]
+            if unwanted not in available:
+                logger.warning('undeclared extra: %s' % unwanted)
+            if unwanted in result:
+                result.remove(unwanted)
+        else:
+            if r not in available:
+                logger.warning('undeclared extra: %s' % r)
+            result.add(r)
+    return result
+
+
+#
+# Extended metadata functionality
+#
+
+
+def _get_external_data(url):
+    result = {}
+    try:
+        # urlopen might fail if it runs into redirections,
+        # because of Python issue #13696. Fixed in locators
+        # using a custom redirect handler.
+        resp = urlopen(url)
+        headers = resp.info()
+        ct = headers.get('Content-Type')
+        if not ct.startswith('application/json'):
+            logger.debug('Unexpected response for JSON request: %s', ct)
+        else:
+            reader = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(resp)
+            # data = reader.read().decode('utf-8')
+            # result = json.loads(data)
+            result = json.load(reader)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception('Failed to get external data for %s: %s', url, e)
+    return result
+
+
+_external_data_base_url = 'https://www.red-dove.com/pypi/projects/'
+
+
+def get_project_data(name):
+    url = '%s/%s/project.json' % (name[0].upper(), name)
+    url = urljoin(_external_data_base_url, url)
+    result = _get_external_data(url)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_package_data(name, version):
+    url = '%s/%s/package-%s.json' % (name[0].upper(), name, version)
+    url = urljoin(_external_data_base_url, url)
+    return _get_external_data(url)
+
+
+class Cache(object):
+    """
+    A class implementing a cache for resources that need to live in the file system
+    e.g. shared libraries. This class was moved from resources to here because it
+    could be used by other modules, e.g. the wheel module.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, base):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param base: The base directory where the cache should be located.
+        """
+        # we use 'isdir' instead of 'exists', because we want to
+        # fail if there's a file with that name
+        if not os.path.isdir(base):  # pragma: no cover
+            os.makedirs(base)
+        if (os.stat(base).st_mode & 0o77) != 0:
+            logger.warning('Directory \'%s\' is not private', base)
+        self.base = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(base))
+
+    def prefix_to_dir(self, prefix):
+        """
+        Converts a resource prefix to a directory name in the cache.
+        """
+        return path_to_cache_dir(prefix)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear the cache.
+        """
+        not_removed = []
+        for fn in os.listdir(self.base):
+            fn = os.path.join(self.base, fn)
+            try:
+                if os.path.islink(fn) or os.path.isfile(fn):
+                    os.remove(fn)
+                elif os.path.isdir(fn):
+                    shutil.rmtree(fn)
+            except Exception:
+                not_removed.append(fn)
+        return not_removed
+
+
+class EventMixin(object):
+    """
+    A very simple publish/subscribe system.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._subscribers = {}
+
+    def add(self, event, subscriber, append=True):
+        """
+        Add a subscriber for an event.
+
+        :param event: The name of an event.
+        :param subscriber: The subscriber to be added (and called when the
+                           event is published).
+        :param append: Whether to append or prepend the subscriber to an
+                       existing subscriber list for the event.
+        """
+        subs = self._subscribers
+        if event not in subs:
+            subs[event] = deque([subscriber])
+        else:
+            sq = subs[event]
+            if append:
+                sq.append(subscriber)
+            else:
+                sq.appendleft(subscriber)
+
+    def remove(self, event, subscriber):
+        """
+        Remove a subscriber for an event.
+
+        :param event: The name of an event.
+        :param subscriber: The subscriber to be removed.
+        """
+        subs = self._subscribers
+        if event not in subs:
+            raise ValueError('No subscribers: %r' % event)
+        subs[event].remove(subscriber)
+
+    def get_subscribers(self, event):
+        """
+        Return an iterator for the subscribers for an event.
+        :param event: The event to return subscribers for.
+        """
+        return iter(self._subscribers.get(event, ()))
+
+    def publish(self, event, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Publish a event and return a list of values returned by its
+        subscribers.
+
+        :param event: The event to publish.
+        :param args: The positional arguments to pass to the event's
+                     subscribers.
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments to pass to the event's
+                       subscribers.
+        """
+        result = []
+        for subscriber in self.get_subscribers(event):
+            try:
+                value = subscriber(event, *args, **kwargs)
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception('Exception during event publication')
+                value = None
+            result.append(value)
+        logger.debug('publish %s: args = %s, kwargs = %s, result = %s', event,
+                     args, kwargs, result)
+        return result
+
+
+#
+# Simple sequencing
+#
+class Sequencer(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._preds = {}
+        self._succs = {}
+        self._nodes = set()  # nodes with no preds/succs
+
+    def add_node(self, node):
+        self._nodes.add(node)
+
+    def remove_node(self, node, edges=False):
+        if node in self._nodes:
+            self._nodes.remove(node)
+        if edges:
+            for p in set(self._preds.get(node, ())):
+                self.remove(p, node)
+            for s in set(self._succs.get(node, ())):
+                self.remove(node, s)
+            # Remove empties
+            for k, v in list(self._preds.items()):
+                if not v:
+                    del self._preds[k]
+            for k, v in list(self._succs.items()):
+                if not v:
+                    del self._succs[k]
+
+    def add(self, pred, succ):
+        assert pred != succ
+        self._preds.setdefault(succ, set()).add(pred)
+        self._succs.setdefault(pred, set()).add(succ)
+
+    def remove(self, pred, succ):
+        assert pred != succ
+        try:
+            preds = self._preds[succ]
+            succs = self._succs[pred]
+        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('%r not a successor of anything' % succ)
+        try:
+            preds.remove(pred)
+            succs.remove(succ)
+        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('%r not a successor of %r' % (succ, pred))
+
+    def is_step(self, step):
+        return (step in self._preds or step in self._succs
+                or step in self._nodes)
+
+    def get_steps(self, final):
+        if not self.is_step(final):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown: %r' % final)
+        result = []
+        todo = []
+        seen = set()
+        todo.append(final)
+        while todo:
+            step = todo.pop(0)
+            if step in seen:
+                # if a step was already seen,
+                # move it to the end (so it will appear earlier
+                # when reversed on return) ... but not for the
+                # final step, as that would be confusing for
+                # users
+                if step != final:
+                    result.remove(step)
+                    result.append(step)
+            else:
+                seen.add(step)
+                result.append(step)
+                preds = self._preds.get(step, ())
+                todo.extend(preds)
+        return reversed(result)
+
+    @property
+    def strong_connections(self):
+        # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
+        index_counter = [0]
+        stack = []
+        lowlinks = {}
+        index = {}
+        result = []
+
+        graph = self._succs
+
+        def strongconnect(node):
+            # set the depth index for this node to the smallest unused index
+            index[node] = index_counter[0]
+            lowlinks[node] = index_counter[0]
+            index_counter[0] += 1
+            stack.append(node)
+
+            # Consider successors
+            try:
+                successors = graph[node]
+            except Exception:
+                successors = []
+            for successor in successors:
+                if successor not in lowlinks:
+                    # Successor has not yet been visited
+                    strongconnect(successor)
+                    lowlinks[node] = min(lowlinks[node], lowlinks[successor])
+                elif successor in stack:
+                    # the successor is in the stack and hence in the current
+                    # strongly connected component (SCC)
+                    lowlinks[node] = min(lowlinks[node], index[successor])
+
+            # If `node` is a root node, pop the stack and generate an SCC
+            if lowlinks[node] == index[node]:
+                connected_component = []
+
+                while True:
+                    successor = stack.pop()
+                    connected_component.append(successor)
+                    if successor == node:
+                        break
+                component = tuple(connected_component)
+                # storing the result
+                result.append(component)
+
+        for node in graph:
+            if node not in lowlinks:
+                strongconnect(node)
+
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def dot(self):
+        result = ['digraph G {']
+        for succ in self._preds:
+            preds = self._preds[succ]
+            for pred in preds:
+                result.append('  %s -> %s;' % (pred, succ))
+        for node in self._nodes:
+            result.append('  %s;' % node)
+        result.append('}')
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+
+
+#
+# Unarchiving functionality for zip, tar, tgz, tbz, whl
+#
+
+ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.gz', '.tar.bz2', '.tar', '.zip', '.tgz', '.tbz',
+                      '.whl')
+
+
+def unarchive(archive_filename, dest_dir, format=None, check=True):
+
+    def check_path(path):
+        if not isinstance(path, text_type):
+            path = path.decode('utf-8')
+        p = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dest_dir, path))
+        if not p.startswith(dest_dir) or p[plen] != os.sep:
+            raise ValueError('path outside destination: %r' % p)
+
+    dest_dir = os.path.abspath(dest_dir)
+    plen = len(dest_dir)
+    archive = None
+    if format is None:
+        if archive_filename.endswith(('.zip', '.whl')):
+            format = 'zip'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith(('.tar.gz', '.tgz')):
+            format = 'tgz'
+            mode = 'r:gz'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith(('.tar.bz2', '.tbz')):
+            format = 'tbz'
+            mode = 'r:bz2'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith('.tar'):
+            format = 'tar'
+            mode = 'r'
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('Unknown format for %r' % archive_filename)
+    try:
+        if format == 'zip':
+            archive = ZipFile(archive_filename, 'r')
+            if check:
+                names = archive.namelist()
+                for name in names:
+                    check_path(name)
+        else:
+            archive = tarfile.open(archive_filename, mode)
+            if check:
+                names = archive.getnames()
+                for name in names:
+                    check_path(name)
+        if format != 'zip' and sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            # See Python issue 17153. If the dest path contains Unicode,
+            # tarfile extraction fails on Python 2.x if a member path name
+            # contains non-ASCII characters - it leads to an implicit
+            # bytes -> unicode conversion using ASCII to decode.
+            for tarinfo in archive.getmembers():
+                if not isinstance(tarinfo.name, text_type):
+                    tarinfo.name = tarinfo.name.decode('utf-8')
+
+        # Limit extraction of dangerous items, if this Python
+        # allows it easily. If not, just trust the input.
+        # See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#extraction-filters
+        def extraction_filter(member, path):
+            """Run tarfile.tar_filter, but raise the expected ValueError"""
+            # This is only called if the current Python has tarfile filters
+            try:
+                return tarfile.tar_filter(member, path)
+            except tarfile.FilterError as exc:
+                raise ValueError(str(exc))
+
+        archive.extraction_filter = extraction_filter
+
+        archive.extractall(dest_dir)
+
+    finally:
+        if archive:
+            archive.close()
+
+
+def zip_dir(directory):
+    """zip a directory tree into a BytesIO object"""
+    result = io.BytesIO()
+    dlen = len(directory)
+    with ZipFile(result, "w") as zf:
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
+            for name in files:
+                full = os.path.join(root, name)
+                rel = root[dlen:]
+                dest = os.path.join(rel, name)
+                zf.write(full, dest)
+    return result
+
+
+#
+# Simple progress bar
+#
+
+UNITS = ('', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P')
+
+
+class Progress(object):
+    unknown = 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def __init__(self, minval=0, maxval=100):
+        assert maxval is None or maxval >= minval
+        self.min = self.cur = minval
+        self.max = maxval
+        self.started = None
+        self.elapsed = 0
+        self.done = False
+
+    def update(self, curval):
+        assert self.min <= curval
+        assert self.max is None or curval <= self.max
+        self.cur = curval
+        now = time.time()
+        if self.started is None:
+            self.started = now
+        else:
+            self.elapsed = now - self.started
+
+    def increment(self, incr):
+        assert incr >= 0
+        self.update(self.cur + incr)
+
+    def start(self):
+        self.update(self.min)
+        return self
+
+    def stop(self):
+        if self.max is not None:
+            self.update(self.max)
+        self.done = True
+
+    @property
+    def maximum(self):
+        return self.unknown if self.max is None else self.max
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self):
+        if self.done:
+            result = '100 %'
+        elif self.max is None:
+            result = ' ?? %'
+        else:
+            v = 100.0 * (self.cur - self.min) / (self.max - self.min)
+            result = '%3d %%' % v
+        return result
+
+    def format_duration(self, duration):
+        if (duration <= 0) and self.max is None or self.cur == self.min:
+            result = '??:??:??'
+        # elif duration < 1:
+        #     result = '--:--:--'
+        else:
+            result = time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(duration))
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def ETA(self):
+        if self.done:
+            prefix = 'Done'
+            t = self.elapsed
+            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        else:
+            prefix = 'ETA '
+            if self.max is None:
+                t = -1
+            elif self.elapsed == 0 or (self.cur == self.min):
+                t = 0
+            else:
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                t = float(self.max - self.min)
+                t /= self.cur - self.min
+                t = (t - 1) * self.elapsed
+        return '%s: %s' % (prefix, self.format_duration(t))
+
+    @property
+    def speed(self):
+        if self.elapsed == 0:
+            result = 0.0
+        else:
+            result = (self.cur - self.min) / self.elapsed
+        for unit in UNITS:
+            if result < 1000:
+                break
+            result /= 1000.0
+        return '%d %sB/s' % (result, unit)
+
+
+#
+# Glob functionality
+#
+
+RICH_GLOB = re.compile(r'\{([^}]*)\}')
+_CHECK_RECURSIVE_GLOB = re.compile(r'[^/\\,{]\*\*|\*\*[^/\\,}]')
+_CHECK_MISMATCH_SET = re.compile(r'^[^{]*\}|\{[^}]*$')
+
+
+def iglob(path_glob):
+    """Extended globbing function that supports ** and {opt1,opt2,opt3}."""
+    if _CHECK_RECURSIVE_GLOB.search(path_glob):
+        msg = """invalid glob %r: recursive glob "**" must be used alone"""
+        raise ValueError(msg % path_glob)
+    if _CHECK_MISMATCH_SET.search(path_glob):
+        msg = """invalid glob %r: mismatching set marker '{' or '}'"""
+        raise ValueError(msg % path_glob)
+    return _iglob(path_glob)
+
+
+def _iglob(path_glob):
+    rich_path_glob = RICH_GLOB.split(path_glob, 1)
+    if len(rich_path_glob) > 1:
+        assert len(rich_path_glob) == 3, rich_path_glob
+        prefix, set, suffix = rich_path_glob
+        for item in set.split(','):
+            for path in _iglob(''.join((prefix, item, suffix))):
+                yield path
+    else:
+        if '**' not in path_glob:
+            for item in std_iglob(path_glob):
+                yield item
+        else:
+            prefix, radical = path_glob.split('**', 1)
+            if prefix == '':
+                prefix = '.'
+            if radical == '':
+                radical = '*'
+            else:
+                # we support both
+                radical = radical.lstrip('/')
+                radical = radical.lstrip('\\')
+            for path, dir, files in os.walk(prefix):
+                path = os.path.normpath(path)
+                for fn in _iglob(os.path.join(path, radical)):
+                    yield fn
+
+
+if ssl:
+    from .compat import (HTTPSHandler as BaseHTTPSHandler, match_hostname,
+                         CertificateError)
+
+    #
+    # HTTPSConnection which verifies certificates/matches domains
+    #
+
+    class HTTPSConnection(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
+        ca_certs = None  # set this to the path to the certs file (.pem)
+        check_domain = True  # only used if ca_certs is not None
+
+        # noinspection PyPropertyAccess
+        def connect(self):
+            sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port),
+                                            self.timeout)
+            if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', False):
+                self.sock = sock
+                self._tunnel()
+
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            if hasattr(ssl, 'OP_NO_SSLv2'):
+                context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+            if getattr(self, 'cert_file', None):
+                context.load_cert_chain(self.cert_file, self.key_file)
+            kwargs = {}
+            if self.ca_certs:
+                context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+                context.load_verify_locations(cafile=self.ca_certs)
+                if getattr(ssl, 'HAS_SNI', False):
+                    kwargs['server_hostname'] = self.host
+
+            self.sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, **kwargs)
+            if self.ca_certs and self.check_domain:
+                try:
+                    match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
+                    logger.debug('Host verified: %s', self.host)
+                except CertificateError:  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+                    self.sock.close()
+                    raise
+
+    class HTTPSHandler(BaseHTTPSHandler):
+
+        def __init__(self, ca_certs, check_domain=True):
+            BaseHTTPSHandler.__init__(self)
+            self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+            self.check_domain = check_domain
+
+        def _conn_maker(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            This is called to create a connection instance. Normally you'd
+            pass a connection class to do_open, but it doesn't actually check for
+            a class, and just expects a callable. As long as we behave just as a
+            constructor would have, we should be OK. If it ever changes so that
+            we *must* pass a class, we'll create an UnsafeHTTPSConnection class
+            which just sets check_domain to False in the class definition, and
+            choose which one to pass to do_open.
+            """
+            result = HTTPSConnection(*args, **kwargs)
+            if self.ca_certs:
+                result.ca_certs = self.ca_certs
+                result.check_domain = self.check_domain
+            return result
+
+        def https_open(self, req):
+            try:
+                return self.do_open(self._conn_maker, req)
+            except URLError as e:
+                if 'certificate verify failed' in str(e.reason):
+                    raise CertificateError(
+                        'Unable to verify server certificate '
+                        'for %s' % req.host)
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+    #
+    # To prevent against mixing HTTP traffic with HTTPS (examples: A Man-In-The-
+    # Middle proxy using HTTP listens on port 443, or an index mistakenly serves
+    # HTML containing a http://xyz link when it should be https://xyz),
+    # you can use the following handler class, which does not allow HTTP traffic.
+    #
+    # It works by inheriting from HTTPHandler - so build_opener won't add a
+    # handler for HTTP itself.
+    #
+    class HTTPSOnlyHandler(HTTPSHandler, HTTPHandler):
+
+        def http_open(self, req):
+            raise URLError(
+                'Unexpected HTTP request on what should be a secure '
+                'connection: %s' % req)
+
+
+#
+# XML-RPC with timeouts
+#
+class Transport(xmlrpclib.Transport):
+
+    def __init__(self, timeout, use_datetime=0):
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        xmlrpclib.Transport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
+
+    def make_connection(self, host):
+        h, eh, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
+        if not self._connection or host != self._connection[0]:
+            self._extra_headers = eh
+            self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPConnection(h)
+        return self._connection[1]
+
+
+if ssl:
+
+    class SafeTransport(xmlrpclib.SafeTransport):
+
+        def __init__(self, timeout, use_datetime=0):
+            self.timeout = timeout
+            xmlrpclib.SafeTransport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
+
+        def make_connection(self, host):
+            h, eh, kwargs = self.get_host_info(host)
+            if not kwargs:
+                kwargs = {}
+            kwargs['timeout'] = self.timeout
+            if not self._connection or host != self._connection[0]:
+                self._extra_headers = eh
+                self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPSConnection(
+                    h, None, **kwargs)
+            return self._connection[1]
+
+
+class ServerProxy(xmlrpclib.ServerProxy):
+
+    def __init__(self, uri, **kwargs):
+        self.timeout = timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', None)
+        # The above classes only come into play if a timeout
+        # is specified
+        if timeout is not None:
+            # scheme = splittype(uri)  # deprecated as of Python 3.8
+            scheme = urlparse(uri)[0]
+            use_datetime = kwargs.get('use_datetime', 0)
+            if scheme == 'https':
+                tcls = SafeTransport
+            else:
+                tcls = Transport
+            kwargs['transport'] = t = tcls(timeout, use_datetime=use_datetime)
+            self.transport = t
+        xmlrpclib.ServerProxy.__init__(self, uri, **kwargs)
+
+
+#
+# CSV functionality. This is provided because on 2.x, the csv module can't
+# handle Unicode. However, we need to deal with Unicode in e.g. RECORD files.
+#
+
+
+def _csv_open(fn, mode, **kwargs):
+    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+        mode += 'b'
+    else:
+        kwargs['newline'] = ''
+        # Python 3 determines encoding from locale. Force 'utf-8'
+        # file encoding to match other forced utf-8 encoding
+        kwargs['encoding'] = 'utf-8'
+    return open(fn, mode, **kwargs)
+
+
+class CSVBase(object):
+    defaults = {
+        'delimiter': str(','),  # The strs are used because we need native
+        'quotechar': str('"'),  # str in the csv API (2.x won't take
+        'lineterminator': str('\n')  # Unicode)
+    }
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+        self.stream.close()
+
+
+class CSVReader(CSVBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        if 'stream' in kwargs:
+            stream = kwargs['stream']
+            if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+                # needs to be a text stream
+                stream = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(stream)
+            self.stream = stream
+        else:
+            self.stream = _csv_open(kwargs['path'], 'r')
+        self.reader = csv.reader(self.stream, **self.defaults)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def next(self):
+        result = next(self.reader)
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            for i, item in enumerate(result):
+                if not isinstance(item, text_type):
+                    result[i] = item.decode('utf-8')
+        return result
+
+    __next__ = next
+
+
+class CSVWriter(CSVBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, fn, **kwargs):
+        self.stream = _csv_open(fn, 'w')
+        self.writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **self.defaults)
+
+    def writerow(self, row):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            r = []
+            for item in row:
+                if isinstance(item, text_type):
+                    item = item.encode('utf-8')
+                r.append(item)
+            row = r
+        self.writer.writerow(row)
+
+
+#
+#   Configurator functionality
+#
+
+
+class Configurator(BaseConfigurator):
+
+    value_converters = dict(BaseConfigurator.value_converters)
+    value_converters['inc'] = 'inc_convert'
+
+    def __init__(self, config, base=None):
+        super(Configurator, self).__init__(config)
+        self.base = base or os.getcwd()
+
+    def configure_custom(self, config):
+
+        def convert(o):
+            if isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
+                result = type(o)([convert(i) for i in o])
+            elif isinstance(o, dict):
+                if '()' in o:
+                    result = self.configure_custom(o)
+                else:
+                    result = {}
+                    for k in o:
+                        result[k] = convert(o[k])
+            else:
+                result = self.convert(o)
+            return result
+
+        c = config.pop('()')
+        if not callable(c):
+            c = self.resolve(c)
+        props = config.pop('.', None)
+        # Check for valid identifiers
+        args = config.pop('[]', ())
+        if args:
+            args = tuple([convert(o) for o in args])
+        items = [(k, convert(config[k])) for k in config if valid_ident(k)]
+        kwargs = dict(items)
+        result = c(*args, **kwargs)
+        if props:
+            for n, v in props.items():
+                setattr(result, n, convert(v))
+        return result
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        result = self.config[key]
+        if isinstance(result, dict) and '()' in result:
+            self.config[key] = result = self.configure_custom(result)
+        return result
+
+    def inc_convert(self, value):
+        """Default converter for the inc:// protocol."""
+        if not os.path.isabs(value):
+            value = os.path.join(self.base, value)
+        with codecs.open(value, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            result = json.load(f)
+        return result
+
+
+class SubprocessMixin(object):
+    """
+    Mixin for running subprocesses and capturing their output
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, progress=None):
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.progress = progress
+
+    def reader(self, stream, context):
+        """
+        Read lines from a subprocess' output stream and either pass to a progress
+        callable (if specified) or write progress information to sys.stderr.
+        """
+        progress = self.progress
+        verbose = self.verbose
+        while True:
+            s = stream.readline()
+            if not s:
+                break
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress(s, context)
+            else:
+                if not verbose:
+                    sys.stderr.write('.')
+                else:
+                    sys.stderr.write(s.decode('utf-8'))
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+        stream.close()
+
+    def run_command(self, cmd, **kwargs):
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             **kwargs)
+        t1 = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stdout, 'stdout'))
+        t1.start()
+        t2 = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stderr, 'stderr'))
+        t2.start()
+        p.wait()
+        t1.join()
+        t2.join()
+        if self.progress is not None:
+            self.progress('done.', 'main')
+        elif self.verbose:
+            sys.stderr.write('done.\n')
+        return p
+
+
+def normalize_name(name):
+    """Normalize a python package name a la PEP 503"""
+    # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0503/#normalized-names
+    return re.sub('[-_.]+', '-', name).lower()
+
+
+# def _get_pypirc_command():
+# """
+# Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
+# :return: the command.
+# """
+# from distutils.core import Distribution
+# from distutils.config import PyPIRCCommand
+# d = Distribution()
+# return PyPIRCCommand(d)
+
+
+class PyPIRCFile(object):
+
+    DEFAULT_REPOSITORY = 'https://upload.pypi.org/legacy/'
+    DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'
+
+    def __init__(self, fn=None, url=None):
+        if fn is None:
+            fn = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.pypirc')
+        self.filename = fn
+        self.url = url
+
+    def read(self):
+        result = {}
+
+        if os.path.exists(self.filename):
+            repository = self.url or self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+
+            config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+            config.read(self.filename)
+            sections = config.sections()
+            if 'distutils' in sections:
+                # let's get the list of servers
+                index_servers = config.get('distutils', 'index-servers')
+                _servers = [
+                    server.strip() for server in index_servers.split('\n')
+                    if server.strip() != ''
+                ]
+                if _servers == []:
+                    # nothing set, let's try to get the default pypi
+                    if 'pypi' in sections:
+                        _servers = ['pypi']
+                else:
+                    for server in _servers:
+                        result = {'server': server}
+                        result['username'] = config.get(server, 'username')
+
+                        # optional params
+                        for key, default in (('repository',
+                                              self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY),
+                                             ('realm', self.DEFAULT_REALM),
+                                             ('password', None)):
+                            if config.has_option(server, key):
+                                result[key] = config.get(server, key)
+                            else:
+                                result[key] = default
+
+                        # work around people having "repository" for the "pypi"
+                        # section of their config set to the HTTP (rather than
+                        # HTTPS) URL
+                        if (server == 'pypi' and repository
+                                in (self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY, 'pypi')):
+                            result['repository'] = self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+                        elif (result['server'] != repository
+                              and result['repository'] != repository):
+                            result = {}
+            elif 'server-login' in sections:
+                # old format
+                server = 'server-login'
+                if config.has_option(server, 'repository'):
+                    repository = config.get(server, 'repository')
+                else:
+                    repository = self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+                result = {
+                    'username': config.get(server, 'username'),
+                    'password': config.get(server, 'password'),
+                    'repository': repository,
+                    'server': server,
+                    'realm': self.DEFAULT_REALM
+                }
+        return result
+
+    def update(self, username, password):
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        fn = self.filename
+        config.read(fn)
+        if not config.has_section('pypi'):
+            config.add_section('pypi')
+        config.set('pypi', 'username', username)
+        config.set('pypi', 'password', password)
+        with open(fn, 'w') as f:
+            config.write(f)
+
+
+def _load_pypirc(index):
+    """
+    Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils.
+    """
+    return PyPIRCFile(url=index.url).read()
+
+
+def _store_pypirc(index):
+    PyPIRCFile().update(index.username, index.password)
+
+
+#
+# get_platform()/get_host_platform() copied from Python 3.10.a0 source, with some minor
+# tweaks
+#
+
+
+def get_host_platform():
+    """Return a string that identifies the current platform.  This is used mainly to
+    distinguish platform-specific build directories and platform-specific built
+    distributions.  Typically includes the OS name and version and the
+    architecture (as supplied by 'os.uname()'), although the exact information
+    included depends on the OS; eg. on Linux, the kernel version isn't
+    particularly important.
+
+    Examples of returned values:
+       linux-i586
+       linux-alpha (?)
+       solaris-2.6-sun4u
+
+    Windows will return one of:
+       win-amd64 (64bit Windows on AMD64 (aka x86_64, Intel64, EM64T, etc)
+       win32 (all others - specifically, sys.platform is returned)
+
+    For other non-POSIX platforms, currently just returns 'sys.platform'.
+
+    """
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        if 'amd64' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-amd64'
+        if '(arm)' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-arm32'
+        if '(arm64)' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-arm64'
+        return sys.platform
+
+    # Set for cross builds explicitly
+    if "_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM" in os.environ:
+        return os.environ["_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM"]
+
+    if os.name != 'posix' or not hasattr(os, 'uname'):
+        # XXX what about the architecture? NT is Intel or Alpha,
+        # Mac OS is M68k or PPC, etc.
+        return sys.platform
+
+    # Try to distinguish various flavours of Unix
+
+    (osname, host, release, version, machine) = os.uname()
+
+    # Convert the OS name to lowercase, remove '/' characters, and translate
+    # spaces (for "Power Macintosh")
+    osname = osname.lower().replace('/', '')
+    machine = machine.replace(' ', '_').replace('/', '-')
+
+    if osname[:5] == 'linux':
+        # At least on Linux/Intel, 'machine' is the processor --
+        # i386, etc.
+        # XXX what about Alpha, SPARC, etc?
+        return "%s-%s" % (osname, machine)
+
+    elif osname[:5] == 'sunos':
+        if release[0] >= '5':  # SunOS 5 == Solaris 2
+            osname = 'solaris'
+            release = '%d.%s' % (int(release[0]) - 3, release[2:])
+            # We can't use 'platform.architecture()[0]' because a
+            # bootstrap problem. We use a dict to get an error
+            # if some suspicious happens.
+            bitness = {2147483647: '32bit', 9223372036854775807: '64bit'}
+            machine += '.%s' % bitness[sys.maxsize]
+        # fall through to standard osname-release-machine representation
+    elif osname[:3] == 'aix':
+        from _aix_support import aix_platform
+        return aix_platform()
+    elif osname[:6] == 'cygwin':
+        osname = 'cygwin'
+        rel_re = re.compile(r'[\d.]+', re.ASCII)
+        m = rel_re.match(release)
+        if m:
+            release = m.group()
+    elif osname[:6] == 'darwin':
+        import _osx_support
+        try:
+            from distutils import sysconfig
+        except ImportError:
+            import sysconfig
+        osname, release, machine = _osx_support.get_platform_osx(
+            sysconfig.get_config_vars(), osname, release, machine)
+
+    return '%s-%s-%s' % (osname, release, machine)
+
+
+_TARGET_TO_PLAT = {
+    'x86': 'win32',
+    'x64': 'win-amd64',
+    'arm': 'win-arm32',
+}
+
+
+def get_platform():
+    if os.name != 'nt':
+        return get_host_platform()
+    cross_compilation_target = os.environ.get('VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH')
+    if cross_compilation_target not in _TARGET_TO_PLAT:
+        return get_host_platform()
+    return _TARGET_TO_PLAT[cross_compilation_target]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14171ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Implementation of a flexible versioning scheme providing support for PEP-440,
+setuptools-compatible and semantic versioning.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import re
+
+from .compat import string_types
+from .util import parse_requirement
+
+__all__ = ['NormalizedVersion', 'NormalizedMatcher',
+           'LegacyVersion', 'LegacyMatcher',
+           'SemanticVersion', 'SemanticMatcher',
+           'UnsupportedVersionError', 'get_scheme']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UnsupportedVersionError(ValueError):
+    """This is an unsupported version."""
+    pass
+
+
+class Version(object):
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        self._string = s = s.strip()
+        self._parts = parts = self.parse(s)
+        assert isinstance(parts, tuple)
+        assert len(parts) > 0
+
+    def parse(self, s):
+        raise NotImplementedError('please implement in a subclass')
+
+    def _check_compatible(self, other):
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            raise TypeError('cannot compare %r and %r' % (self, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self._parts == other._parts
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self._parts < other._parts
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return not (self.__lt__(other) or self.__eq__(other))
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self.__lt__(other) or self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self.__gt__(other) or self.__eq__(other)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s('%s')" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._string)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._string
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in subclasses.')
+
+
+class Matcher(object):
+    version_class = None
+
+    # value is either a callable or the name of a method
+    _operators = {
+        '<': lambda v, c, p: v < c,
+        '>': lambda v, c, p: v > c,
+        '<=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v < c,
+        '>=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v > c,
+        '==': lambda v, c, p: v == c,
+        '===': lambda v, c, p: v == c,
+        # by default, compatible => >=.
+        '~=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v > c,
+        '!=': lambda v, c, p: v != c,
+    }
+
+    # this is a method only to support alternative implementations
+    # via overriding
+    def parse_requirement(self, s):
+        return parse_requirement(s)
+
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        if self.version_class is None:
+            raise ValueError('Please specify a version class')
+        self._string = s = s.strip()
+        r = self.parse_requirement(s)
+        if not r:
+            raise ValueError('Not valid: %r' % s)
+        self.name = r.name
+        self.key = self.name.lower()    # for case-insensitive comparisons
+        clist = []
+        if r.constraints:
+            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+            for op, s in r.constraints:
+                if s.endswith('.*'):
+                    if op not in ('==', '!='):
+                        raise ValueError('\'.*\' not allowed for '
+                                         '%r constraints' % op)
+                    # Could be a partial version (e.g. for '2.*') which
+                    # won't parse as a version, so keep it as a string
+                    vn, prefix = s[:-2], True
+                    # Just to check that vn is a valid version
+                    self.version_class(vn)
+                else:
+                    # Should parse as a version, so we can create an
+                    # instance for the comparison
+                    vn, prefix = self.version_class(s), False
+                clist.append((op, vn, prefix))
+        self._parts = tuple(clist)
+
+    def match(self, version):
+        """
+        Check if the provided version matches the constraints.
+
+        :param version: The version to match against this instance.
+        :type version: String or :class:`Version` instance.
+        """
+        if isinstance(version, string_types):
+            version = self.version_class(version)
+        for operator, constraint, prefix in self._parts:
+            f = self._operators.get(operator)
+            if isinstance(f, string_types):
+                f = getattr(self, f)
+            if not f:
+                msg = ('%r not implemented '
+                       'for %s' % (operator, self.__class__.__name__))
+                raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+            if not f(version, constraint, prefix):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def exact_version(self):
+        result = None
+        if len(self._parts) == 1 and self._parts[0][0] in ('==', '==='):
+            result = self._parts[0][1]
+        return result
+
+    def _check_compatible(self, other):
+        if type(self) != type(other) or self.name != other.name:
+            raise TypeError('cannot compare %s and %s' % (self, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self.key == other.key and self._parts == other._parts
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.key) + hash(self._parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._string)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._string
+
+
+PEP440_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'^v?(\d+!)?(\d+(\.\d+)*)((a|alpha|b|beta|c|rc|pre|preview)(\d+)?)?'
+                               r'(\.(post|r|rev)(\d+)?)?([._-]?(dev)(\d+)?)?'
+                               r'(\+([a-zA-Z\d]+(\.[a-zA-Z\d]+)?))?$', re.I)
+
+
+def _pep_440_key(s):
+    s = s.strip()
+    m = PEP440_VERSION_RE.match(s)
+    if not m:
+        raise UnsupportedVersionError('Not a valid version: %s' % s)
+    groups = m.groups()
+    nums = tuple(int(v) for v in groups[1].split('.'))
+    while len(nums) > 1 and nums[-1] == 0:
+        nums = nums[:-1]
+
+    if not groups[0]:
+        epoch = 0
+    else:
+        epoch = int(groups[0][:-1])
+    pre = groups[4:6]
+    post = groups[7:9]
+    dev = groups[10:12]
+    local = groups[13]
+    if pre == (None, None):
+        pre = ()
+    else:
+        if pre[1] is None:
+            pre = pre[0], 0
+        else:
+            pre = pre[0], int(pre[1])
+    if post == (None, None):
+        post = ()
+    else:
+        if post[1] is None:
+            post = post[0], 0
+        else:
+            post = post[0], int(post[1])
+    if dev == (None, None):
+        dev = ()
+    else:
+        if dev[1] is None:
+            dev = dev[0], 0
+        else:
+            dev = dev[0], int(dev[1])
+    if local is None:
+        local = ()
+    else:
+        parts = []
+        for part in local.split('.'):
+            # to ensure that numeric compares as > lexicographic, avoid
+            # comparing them directly, but encode a tuple which ensures
+            # correct sorting
+            if part.isdigit():
+                part = (1, int(part))
+            else:
+                part = (0, part)
+            parts.append(part)
+        local = tuple(parts)
+    if not pre:
+        # either before pre-release, or final release and after
+        if not post and dev:
+            # before pre-release
+            pre = ('a', -1)     # to sort before a0
+        else:
+            pre = ('z',)        # to sort after all pre-releases
+    # now look at the state of post and dev.
+    if not post:
+        post = ('_',)   # sort before 'a'
+    if not dev:
+        dev = ('final',)
+
+    return epoch, nums, pre, post, dev, local
+
+
+_normalized_key = _pep_440_key
+
+
+class NormalizedVersion(Version):
+    """A rational version.
+
+    Good:
+        1.2         # equivalent to "1.2.0"
+        1.2.0
+        1.2a1
+        1.2.3a2
+        1.2.3b1
+        1.2.3c1
+        1.2.3.4
+        TODO: fill this out
+
+    Bad:
+        1           # minimum two numbers
+        1.2a        # release level must have a release serial
+        1.2.3b
+    """
+    def parse(self, s):
+        result = _normalized_key(s)
+        # _normalized_key loses trailing zeroes in the release
+        # clause, since that's needed to ensure that X.Y == X.Y.0 == X.Y.0.0
+        # However, PEP 440 prefix matching needs it: for example,
+        # (~= 1.4.5.0) matches differently to (~= 1.4.5.0.0).
+        m = PEP440_VERSION_RE.match(s)      # must succeed
+        groups = m.groups()
+        self._release_clause = tuple(int(v) for v in groups[1].split('.'))
+        return result
+
+    PREREL_TAGS = set(['a', 'b', 'c', 'rc', 'dev'])
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return any(t[0] in self.PREREL_TAGS for t in self._parts if t)
+
+
+def _match_prefix(x, y):
+    x = str(x)
+    y = str(y)
+    if x == y:
+        return True
+    if not x.startswith(y):
+        return False
+    n = len(y)
+    return x[n] == '.'
+
+
+class NormalizedMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = NormalizedVersion
+
+    # value is either a callable or the name of a method
+    _operators = {
+        '~=': '_match_compatible',
+        '<': '_match_lt',
+        '>': '_match_gt',
+        '<=': '_match_le',
+        '>=': '_match_ge',
+        '==': '_match_eq',
+        '===': '_match_arbitrary',
+        '!=': '_match_ne',
+    }
+
+    def _adjust_local(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        if prefix:
+            strip_local = '+' not in constraint and version._parts[-1]
+        else:
+            # both constraint and version are
+            # NormalizedVersion instances.
+            # If constraint does not have a local component,
+            # ensure the version doesn't, either.
+            strip_local = not constraint._parts[-1] and version._parts[-1]
+        if strip_local:
+            s = version._string.split('+', 1)[0]
+            version = self.version_class(s)
+        return version, constraint
+
+    def _match_lt(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version >= constraint:
+            return False
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return not _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+    def _match_gt(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version <= constraint:
+            return False
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return not _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+    def _match_le(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        return version <= constraint
+
+    def _match_ge(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        return version >= constraint
+
+    def _match_eq(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if not prefix:
+            result = (version == constraint)
+        else:
+            result = _match_prefix(version, constraint)
+        return result
+
+    def _match_arbitrary(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        return str(version) == str(constraint)
+
+    def _match_ne(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if not prefix:
+            result = (version != constraint)
+        else:
+            result = not _match_prefix(version, constraint)
+        return result
+
+    def _match_compatible(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version == constraint:
+            return True
+        if version < constraint:
+            return False
+#        if not prefix:
+#            return True
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        if len(release_clause) > 1:
+            release_clause = release_clause[:-1]
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+
+_REPLACEMENTS = (
+    (re.compile('[.+-]$'), ''),                     # remove trailing puncts
+    (re.compile(r'^[.](\d)'), r'0.\1'),             # .N -> 0.N at start
+    (re.compile('^[.-]'), ''),                      # remove leading puncts
+    (re.compile(r'^\((.*)\)$'), r'\1'),             # remove parentheses
+    (re.compile(r'^v(ersion)?\s*(\d+)'), r'\2'),    # remove leading v(ersion)
+    (re.compile(r'^r(ev)?\s*(\d+)'), r'\2'),        # remove leading v(ersion)
+    (re.compile('[.]{2,}'), '.'),                   # multiple runs of '.'
+    (re.compile(r'\b(alfa|apha)\b'), 'alpha'),      # misspelt alpha
+    (re.compile(r'\b(pre-alpha|prealpha)\b'),
+        'pre.alpha'),                               # standardise
+    (re.compile(r'\(beta\)$'), 'beta'),             # remove parentheses
+)
+
+_SUFFIX_REPLACEMENTS = (
+    (re.compile('^[:~._+-]+'), ''),                   # remove leading puncts
+    (re.compile('[,*")([\\]]'), ''),                  # remove unwanted chars
+    (re.compile('[~:+_ -]'), '.'),                    # replace illegal chars
+    (re.compile('[.]{2,}'), '.'),                   # multiple runs of '.'
+    (re.compile(r'\.$'), ''),                       # trailing '.'
+)
+
+_NUMERIC_PREFIX = re.compile(r'(\d+(\.\d+)*)')
+
+
+def _suggest_semantic_version(s):
+    """
+    Try to suggest a semantic form for a version for which
+    _suggest_normalized_version couldn't come up with anything.
+    """
+    result = s.strip().lower()
+    for pat, repl in _REPLACEMENTS:
+        result = pat.sub(repl, result)
+    if not result:
+        result = '0.0.0'
+
+    # Now look for numeric prefix, and separate it out from
+    # the rest.
+    # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+    m = _NUMERIC_PREFIX.match(result)
+    if not m:
+        prefix = '0.0.0'
+        suffix = result
+    else:
+        prefix = m.groups()[0].split('.')
+        prefix = [int(i) for i in prefix]
+        while len(prefix) < 3:
+            prefix.append(0)
+        if len(prefix) == 3:
+            suffix = result[m.end():]
+        else:
+            suffix = '.'.join([str(i) for i in prefix[3:]]) + result[m.end():]
+            prefix = prefix[:3]
+        prefix = '.'.join([str(i) for i in prefix])
+        suffix = suffix.strip()
+    if suffix:
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        # massage the suffix.
+        for pat, repl in _SUFFIX_REPLACEMENTS:
+            suffix = pat.sub(repl, suffix)
+
+    if not suffix:
+        result = prefix
+    else:
+        sep = '-' if 'dev' in suffix else '+'
+        result = prefix + sep + suffix
+    if not is_semver(result):
+        result = None
+    return result
+
+
+def _suggest_normalized_version(s):
+    """Suggest a normalized version close to the given version string.
+
+    If you have a version string that isn't rational (i.e. NormalizedVersion
+    doesn't like it) then you might be able to get an equivalent (or close)
+    rational version from this function.
+
+    This does a number of simple normalizations to the given string, based
+    on observation of versions currently in use on PyPI. Given a dump of
+    those version during PyCon 2009, 4287 of them:
+    - 2312 (53.93%) match NormalizedVersion without change
+      with the automatic suggestion
+    - 3474 (81.04%) match when using this suggestion method
+
+    @param s {str} An irrational version string.
+    @returns A rational version string, or None, if couldn't determine one.
+    """
+    try:
+        _normalized_key(s)
+        return s   # already rational
+    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+        pass
+
+    rs = s.lower()
+
+    # part of this could use maketrans
+    for orig, repl in (('-alpha', 'a'), ('-beta', 'b'), ('alpha', 'a'),
+                       ('beta', 'b'), ('rc', 'c'), ('-final', ''),
+                       ('-pre', 'c'),
+                       ('-release', ''), ('.release', ''), ('-stable', ''),
+                       ('+', '.'), ('_', '.'), (' ', ''), ('.final', ''),
+                       ('final', '')):
+        rs = rs.replace(orig, repl)
+
+    # if something ends with dev or pre, we add a 0
+    rs = re.sub(r"pre$", r"pre0", rs)
+    rs = re.sub(r"dev$", r"dev0", rs)
+
+    # if we have something like "b-2" or "a.2" at the end of the
+    # version, that is probably beta, alpha, etc
+    # let's remove the dash or dot
+    rs = re.sub(r"([abc]|rc)[\-\.](\d+)$", r"\1\2", rs)
+
+    # 1.0-dev-r371 -> 1.0.dev371
+    # 0.1-dev-r79 -> 0.1.dev79
+    rs = re.sub(r"[\-\.](dev)[\-\.]?r?(\d+)$", r".\1\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean: 2.0.a.3, 2.0.b1, 0.9.0~c1
+    rs = re.sub(r"[.~]?([abc])\.?", r"\1", rs)
+
+    # Clean: v0.3, v1.0
+    if rs.startswith('v'):
+        rs = rs[1:]
+
+    # Clean leading '0's on numbers.
+    # TODO: unintended side-effect on, e.g., "2003.05.09"
+    # PyPI stats: 77 (~2%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\b0+(\d+)(?!\d)", r"\1", rs)
+
+    # Clean a/b/c with no version. E.g. "1.0a" -> "1.0a0". Setuptools infers
+    # zero.
+    # PyPI stats: 245 (7.56%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"(\d+[abc])$", r"\g<1>0", rs)
+
+    # the 'dev-rNNN' tag is a dev tag
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(dev-r|dev\.r)\.?(\d+)$", r".dev\2", rs)
+
+    # clean the - when used as a pre delimiter
+    rs = re.sub(r"-(a|b|c)(\d+)$", r"\1\2", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "dev" or "devel" can be changed into ".dev0"
+    rs = re.sub(r"[\.\-](dev|devel)$", r".dev0", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "dev" can be changed into ".dev0"
+    rs = re.sub(r"(?![\.\-])dev$", r".dev0", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "final" or "stable" can be removed
+    rs = re.sub(r"(final|stable)$", "", rs)
+
+    # The 'r' and the '-' tags are post release tags
+    #   0.4a1.r10       ->  0.4a1.post10
+    #   0.9.33-17222    ->  0.9.33.post17222
+    #   0.9.33-r17222   ->  0.9.33.post17222
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(r|-|-r)\.?(\d+)$", r".post\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean 'r' instead of 'dev' usage:
+    #   0.9.33+r17222   ->  0.9.33.dev17222
+    #   1.0dev123       ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   1.0.git123      ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   1.0.bzr123      ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   0.1a0dev.123    ->  0.1a0.dev123
+    # PyPI stats:  ~150 (~4%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(dev|git|bzr)\.?(\d+)$", r".dev\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean '.pre' (normalized from '-pre' above) instead of 'c' usage:
+    #   0.2.pre1        ->  0.2c1
+    #   0.2-c1         ->  0.2c1
+    #   1.0preview123   ->  1.0c123
+    # PyPI stats: ~21 (0.62%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(pre|preview|-c)(\d+)$", r"c\g<2>", rs)
+
+    # Tcl/Tk uses "px" for their post release markers
+    rs = re.sub(r"p(\d+)$", r".post\1", rs)
+
+    try:
+        _normalized_key(rs)
+    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+        rs = None
+    return rs
+
+#
+#   Legacy version processing (distribute-compatible)
+#
+
+
+_VERSION_PART = re.compile(r'([a-z]+|\d+|[\.-])', re.I)
+_VERSION_REPLACE = {
+    'pre': 'c',
+    'preview': 'c',
+    '-': 'final-',
+    'rc': 'c',
+    'dev': '@',
+    '': None,
+    '.': None,
+}
+
+
+def _legacy_key(s):
+    def get_parts(s):
+        result = []
+        for p in _VERSION_PART.split(s.lower()):
+            p = _VERSION_REPLACE.get(p, p)
+            if p:
+                if '0' <= p[:1] <= '9':
+                    p = p.zfill(8)
+                else:
+                    p = '*' + p
+                result.append(p)
+        result.append('*final')
+        return result
+
+    result = []
+    for p in get_parts(s):
+        if p.startswith('*'):
+            if p < '*final':
+                while result and result[-1] == '*final-':
+                    result.pop()
+            while result and result[-1] == '00000000':
+                result.pop()
+        result.append(p)
+    return tuple(result)
+
+
+class LegacyVersion(Version):
+    def parse(self, s):
+        return _legacy_key(s)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        result = False
+        for x in self._parts:
+            if (isinstance(x, string_types) and x.startswith('*') and
+                    x < '*final'):
+                result = True
+                break
+        return result
+
+
+class LegacyMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = LegacyVersion
+
+    _operators = dict(Matcher._operators)
+    _operators['~='] = '_match_compatible'
+
+    numeric_re = re.compile(r'^(\d+(\.\d+)*)')
+
+    def _match_compatible(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        if version < constraint:
+            return False
+        m = self.numeric_re.match(str(constraint))
+        if not m:
+            logger.warning('Cannot compute compatible match for version %s '
+                           ' and constraint %s', version, constraint)
+            return True
+        s = m.groups()[0]
+        if '.' in s:
+            s = s.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+        return _match_prefix(version, s)
+
+#
+#   Semantic versioning
+#
+
+
+_SEMVER_RE = re.compile(r'^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)'
+                        r'(-[a-z0-9]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*)?'
+                        r'(\+[a-z0-9]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*)?$', re.I)
+
+
+def is_semver(s):
+    return _SEMVER_RE.match(s)
+
+
+def _semantic_key(s):
+    def make_tuple(s, absent):
+        if s is None:
+            result = (absent,)
+        else:
+            parts = s[1:].split('.')
+            # We can't compare ints and strings on Python 3, so fudge it
+            # by zero-filling numeric values so simulate a numeric comparison
+            result = tuple([p.zfill(8) if p.isdigit() else p for p in parts])
+        return result
+
+    m = is_semver(s)
+    if not m:
+        raise UnsupportedVersionError(s)
+    groups = m.groups()
+    major, minor, patch = [int(i) for i in groups[:3]]
+    # choose the '|' and '*' so that versions sort correctly
+    pre, build = make_tuple(groups[3], '|'), make_tuple(groups[5], '*')
+    return (major, minor, patch), pre, build
+
+
+class SemanticVersion(Version):
+    def parse(self, s):
+        return _semantic_key(s)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return self._parts[1][0] != '|'
+
+
+class SemanticMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = SemanticVersion
+
+
+class VersionScheme(object):
+    def __init__(self, key, matcher, suggester=None):
+        self.key = key
+        self.matcher = matcher
+        self.suggester = suggester
+
+    def is_valid_version(self, s):
+        try:
+            self.matcher.version_class(s)
+            result = True
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+    def is_valid_matcher(self, s):
+        try:
+            self.matcher(s)
+            result = True
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+    def is_valid_constraint_list(self, s):
+        """
+        Used for processing some metadata fields
+        """
+        # See issue #140. Be tolerant of a single trailing comma.
+        if s.endswith(','):
+            s = s[:-1]
+        return self.is_valid_matcher('dummy_name (%s)' % s)
+
+    def suggest(self, s):
+        if self.suggester is None:
+            result = None
+        else:
+            result = self.suggester(s)
+        return result
+
+
+_SCHEMES = {
+    'normalized': VersionScheme(_normalized_key, NormalizedMatcher,
+                                _suggest_normalized_version),
+    'legacy': VersionScheme(_legacy_key, LegacyMatcher, lambda self, s: s),
+    'semantic': VersionScheme(_semantic_key, SemanticMatcher,
+                              _suggest_semantic_version),
+}
+
+_SCHEMES['default'] = _SCHEMES['normalized']
+
+
+def get_scheme(name):
+    if name not in _SCHEMES:
+        raise ValueError('unknown scheme name: %r' % name)
+    return _SCHEMES[name]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5a30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import datetime
+from email import message_from_file
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import zipfile
+
+from . import __version__, DistlibException
+from .compat import sysconfig, ZipFile, fsdecode, text_type, filter
+from .database import InstalledDistribution
+from .metadata import Metadata, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
+from .util import (FileOperator, convert_path, CSVReader, CSVWriter, Cache,
+                   cached_property, get_cache_base, read_exports, tempdir,
+                   get_platform)
+from .version import NormalizedVersion, UnsupportedVersionError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+cache = None  # created when needed
+
+if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'pp'
+elif sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'jy'
+elif sys.platform == 'cli':  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'ip'
+else:
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'cp'
+
+VER_SUFFIX = sysconfig.get_config_var('py_version_nodot')
+if not VER_SUFFIX:  # pragma: no cover
+    VER_SUFFIX = '%s%s' % sys.version_info[:2]
+PYVER = 'py' + VER_SUFFIX
+IMPVER = IMP_PREFIX + VER_SUFFIX
+
+ARCH = get_platform().replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_')
+
+ABI = sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI')
+if ABI and ABI.startswith('cpython-'):
+    ABI = ABI.replace('cpython-', 'cp').split('-')[0]
+else:
+
+    def _derive_abi():
+        parts = ['cp', VER_SUFFIX]
+        if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_DEBUG'):
+            parts.append('d')
+        if IMP_PREFIX == 'cp':
+            vi = sys.version_info[:2]
+            if vi < (3, 8):
+                wpm = sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_PYMALLOC')
+                if wpm is None:
+                    wpm = True
+                if wpm:
+                    parts.append('m')
+                if vi < (3, 3):
+                    us = sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_UNICODE_SIZE')
+                    if us == 4 or (us is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF):
+                        parts.append('u')
+        return ''.join(parts)
+
+    ABI = _derive_abi()
+    del _derive_abi
+
+FILENAME_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''
+(?P<nm>[^-]+)
+-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
+(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?
+-(?P<py>\w+\d+(\.\w+\d+)*)
+-(?P<bi>\w+)
+-(?P<ar>\w+(\.\w+)*)
+\.whl$
+''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''
+(?P<nm>[^-]+)
+-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
+(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?$
+''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+SHEBANG_RE = re.compile(br'\s*#![^\r\n]*')
+SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE = re.compile(br'^(\s*#!("[^"]+"|\S+))\s+(.*)$')
+SHEBANG_PYTHON = b'#!python'
+SHEBANG_PYTHONW = b'#!pythonw'
+
+if os.sep == '/':
+    to_posix = lambda o: o
+else:
+    to_posix = lambda o: o.replace(os.sep, '/')
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    import imp
+else:
+    imp = None
+    import importlib.machinery
+    import importlib.util
+
+
+def _get_suffixes():
+    if imp:
+        return [s[0] for s in imp.get_suffixes()]
+    else:
+        return importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+
+
+def _load_dynamic(name, path):
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importing-a-source-file-directly
+    if imp:
+        return imp.load_dynamic(name, path)
+    else:
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        sys.modules[name] = module
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+
+class Mounter(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.impure_wheels = {}
+        self.libs = {}
+
+    def add(self, pathname, extensions):
+        self.impure_wheels[pathname] = extensions
+        self.libs.update(extensions)
+
+    def remove(self, pathname):
+        extensions = self.impure_wheels.pop(pathname)
+        for k, v in extensions:
+            if k in self.libs:
+                del self.libs[k]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.libs:
+            result = self
+        else:
+            result = None
+        return result
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        if fullname in sys.modules:
+            result = sys.modules[fullname]
+        else:
+            if fullname not in self.libs:
+                raise ImportError('unable to find extension for %s' % fullname)
+            result = _load_dynamic(fullname, self.libs[fullname])
+            result.__loader__ = self
+            parts = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)
+            if len(parts) > 1:
+                result.__package__ = parts[0]
+        return result
+
+
+_hook = Mounter()
+
+
+class Wheel(object):
+    """
+    Class to build and install from Wheel files (PEP 427).
+    """
+
+    wheel_version = (1, 1)
+    hash_kind = 'sha256'
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None, sign=False, verify=False):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance using a (valid) filename.
+        """
+        self.sign = sign
+        self.should_verify = verify
+        self.buildver = ''
+        self.pyver = [PYVER]
+        self.abi = ['none']
+        self.arch = ['any']
+        self.dirname = os.getcwd()
+        if filename is None:
+            self.name = 'dummy'
+            self.version = '0.1'
+            self._filename = self.filename
+        else:
+            m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(filename)
+            if m:
+                info = m.groupdict('')
+                self.name = info['nm']
+                # Reinstate the local version separator
+                self.version = info['vn'].replace('_', '-')
+                self.buildver = info['bn']
+                self._filename = self.filename
+            else:
+                dirname, filename = os.path.split(filename)
+                m = FILENAME_RE.match(filename)
+                if not m:
+                    raise DistlibException('Invalid name or '
+                                           'filename: %r' % filename)
+                if dirname:
+                    self.dirname = os.path.abspath(dirname)
+                self._filename = filename
+                info = m.groupdict('')
+                self.name = info['nm']
+                self.version = info['vn']
+                self.buildver = info['bn']
+                self.pyver = info['py'].split('.')
+                self.abi = info['bi'].split('.')
+                self.arch = info['ar'].split('.')
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self):
+        """
+        Build and return a filename from the various components.
+        """
+        if self.buildver:
+            buildver = '-' + self.buildver
+        else:
+            buildver = ''
+        pyver = '.'.join(self.pyver)
+        abi = '.'.join(self.abi)
+        arch = '.'.join(self.arch)
+        # replace - with _ as a local version separator
+        version = self.version.replace('-', '_')
+        return '%s-%s%s-%s-%s-%s.whl' % (self.name, version, buildver, pyver,
+                                         abi, arch)
+
+    @property
+    def exists(self):
+        path = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        return os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    @property
+    def tags(self):
+        for pyver in self.pyver:
+            for abi in self.abi:
+                for arch in self.arch:
+                    yield pyver, abi, arch
+
+    @cached_property
+    def metadata(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
+            # wv = wheel_metadata['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            # if file_version < (1, 1):
+            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME,
+            # LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
+            # else:
+            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME]
+            fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
+            result = None
+            for fn in fns:
+                try:
+                    metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, fn)
+                    with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
+                        wf = wrapper(bf)
+                        result = Metadata(fileobj=wf)
+                        if result:
+                            break
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            if not result:
+                raise ValueError('Invalid wheel, because metadata is '
+                                 'missing: looked in %s' % ', '.join(fns))
+        return result
+
+    def get_wheel_metadata(self, zf):
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
+            wf = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(bf)
+            message = message_from_file(wf)
+        return dict(message)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def info(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            result = self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
+        return result
+
+    def process_shebang(self, data):
+        m = SHEBANG_RE.match(data)
+        if m:
+            end = m.end()
+            shebang, data_after_shebang = data[:end], data[end:]
+            # Preserve any arguments after the interpreter
+            if b'pythonw' in shebang.lower():
+                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHONW
+            else:
+                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHON
+            m = SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE.match(shebang)
+            if m:
+                args = b' ' + m.groups()[-1]
+            else:
+                args = b''
+            shebang = shebang_python + args
+            data = shebang + data_after_shebang
+        else:
+            cr = data.find(b'\r')
+            lf = data.find(b'\n')
+            if cr < 0 or cr > lf:
+                term = b'\n'
+            else:
+                if data[cr:cr + 2] == b'\r\n':
+                    term = b'\r\n'
+                else:
+                    term = b'\r'
+            data = SHEBANG_PYTHON + term + data
+        return data
+
+    def get_hash(self, data, hash_kind=None):
+        if hash_kind is None:
+            hash_kind = self.hash_kind
+        try:
+            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hash_kind)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise DistlibException('Unsupported hash algorithm: %r' %
+                                   hash_kind)
+        result = hasher(data).digest()
+        result = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(result).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
+        return hash_kind, result
+
+    def write_record(self, records, record_path, archive_record_path):
+        records = list(records)  # make a copy, as mutated
+        records.append((archive_record_path, '', ''))
+        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
+            for row in records:
+                writer.writerow(row)
+
+    def write_records(self, info, libdir, archive_paths):
+        records = []
+        distinfo, info_dir = info
+        # hasher = getattr(hashlib, self.hash_kind)
+        for ap, p in archive_paths:
+            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read()
+            digest = '%s=%s' % self.get_hash(data)
+            size = os.path.getsize(p)
+            records.append((ap, digest, size))
+
+        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'RECORD')
+        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'RECORD'))
+        self.write_record(records, p, ap)
+        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+    def build_zip(self, pathname, archive_paths):
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
+            for ap, p in archive_paths:
+                logger.debug('Wrote %s to %s in wheel', p, ap)
+                zf.write(p, ap)
+
+    def build(self, paths, tags=None, wheel_version=None):
+        """
+        Build a wheel from files in specified paths, and use any specified tags
+        when determining the name of the wheel.
+        """
+        if tags is None:
+            tags = {}
+
+        libkey = list(filter(lambda o: o in paths, ('purelib', 'platlib')))[0]
+        if libkey == 'platlib':
+            is_pure = 'false'
+            default_pyver = [IMPVER]
+            default_abi = [ABI]
+            default_arch = [ARCH]
+        else:
+            is_pure = 'true'
+            default_pyver = [PYVER]
+            default_abi = ['none']
+            default_arch = ['any']
+
+        self.pyver = tags.get('pyver', default_pyver)
+        self.abi = tags.get('abi', default_abi)
+        self.arch = tags.get('arch', default_arch)
+
+        libdir = paths[libkey]
+
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        archive_paths = []
+
+        # First, stuff which is not in site-packages
+        for key in ('data', 'headers', 'scripts'):
+            if key not in paths:
+                continue
+            path = paths[key]
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+                    for fn in files:
+                        p = fsdecode(os.path.join(root, fn))
+                        rp = os.path.relpath(p, path)
+                        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(data_dir, key, rp))
+                        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+                        if key == 'scripts' and not p.endswith('.exe'):
+                            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                                data = f.read()
+                            data = self.process_shebang(data)
+                            with open(p, 'wb') as f:
+                                f.write(data)
+
+        # Now, stuff which is in site-packages, other than the
+        # distinfo stuff.
+        path = libdir
+        distinfo = None
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+            if root == path:
+                # At the top level only, save distinfo for later
+                # and skip it for now
+                for i, dn in enumerate(dirs):
+                    dn = fsdecode(dn)
+                    if dn.endswith('.dist-info'):
+                        distinfo = os.path.join(root, dn)
+                        del dirs[i]
+                        break
+                assert distinfo, '.dist-info directory expected, not found'
+
+            for fn in files:
+                # comment out next suite to leave .pyc files in
+                if fsdecode(fn).endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                    continue
+                p = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                rp = to_posix(os.path.relpath(p, path))
+                archive_paths.append((rp, p))
+
+        # Now distinfo. Assumed to be flat, i.e. os.listdir is enough.
+        files = os.listdir(distinfo)
+        for fn in files:
+            if fn not in ('RECORD', 'INSTALLER', 'SHARED', 'WHEEL'):
+                p = fsdecode(os.path.join(distinfo, fn))
+                ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, fn))
+                archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+        wheel_metadata = [
+            'Wheel-Version: %d.%d' % (wheel_version or self.wheel_version),
+            'Generator: distlib %s' % __version__,
+            'Root-Is-Purelib: %s' % is_pure,
+        ]
+        for pyver, abi, arch in self.tags:
+            wheel_metadata.append('Tag: %s-%s-%s' % (pyver, abi, arch))
+        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'WHEEL')
+        with open(p, 'w') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(wheel_metadata))
+        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL'))
+        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+        # sort the entries by archive path. Not needed by any spec, but it
+        # keeps the archive listing and RECORD tidier than they would otherwise
+        # be. Use the number of path segments to keep directory entries together,
+        # and keep the dist-info stuff at the end.
+        def sorter(t):
+            ap = t[0]
+            n = ap.count('/')
+            if '.dist-info' in ap:
+                n += 10000
+            return (n, ap)
+
+        archive_paths = sorted(archive_paths, key=sorter)
+
+        # Now, at last, RECORD.
+        # Paths in here are archive paths - nothing else makes sense.
+        self.write_records((distinfo, info_dir), libdir, archive_paths)
+        # Now, ready to build the zip file
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        self.build_zip(pathname, archive_paths)
+        return pathname
+
+    def skip_entry(self, arcname):
+        """
+        Determine whether an archive entry should be skipped when verifying
+        or installing.
+        """
+        # The signature file won't be in RECORD,
+        # and we  don't currently don't do anything with it
+        # We also skip directories, as they won't be in RECORD
+        # either. See:
+        #
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/294
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/287
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/pull/289
+        #
+        return arcname.endswith(('/', '/RECORD.jws'))
+
+    def install(self, paths, maker, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Install a wheel to the specified paths. If kwarg ``warner`` is
+        specified, it should be a callable, which will be called with two
+        tuples indicating the wheel version of this software and the wheel
+        version in the file, if there is a discrepancy in the versions.
+        This can be used to issue any warnings to raise any exceptions.
+        If kwarg ``lib_only`` is True, only the purelib/platlib files are
+        installed, and the headers, scripts, data and dist-info metadata are
+        not written. If kwarg ``bytecode_hashed_invalidation`` is True, written
+        bytecode will try to use file-hash based invalidation (PEP-552) on
+        supported interpreter versions (CPython 2.7+).
+
+        The return value is a :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance unless
+        ``options.lib_only`` is True, in which case the return value is ``None``.
+        """
+
+        dry_run = maker.dry_run
+        warner = kwargs.get('warner')
+        lib_only = kwargs.get('lib_only', False)
+        bc_hashed_invalidation = kwargs.get('bytecode_hashed_invalidation',
+                                            False)
+
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
+                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                message = message_from_file(wf)
+            wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            if (file_version != self.wheel_version) and warner:
+                warner(self.wheel_version, file_version)
+
+            if message['Root-Is-Purelib'] == 'true':
+                libdir = paths['purelib']
+            else:
+                libdir = paths['platlib']
+
+            records = {}
+            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
+                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
+                    for row in reader:
+                        p = row[0]
+                        records[p] = row
+
+            data_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, '')
+            info_pfx = posixpath.join(info_dir, '')
+            script_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, 'scripts', '')
+
+            # make a new instance rather than a copy of maker's,
+            # as we mutate it
+            fileop = FileOperator(dry_run=dry_run)
+            fileop.record = True  # so we can rollback if needed
+
+            bc = not sys.dont_write_bytecode  # Double negatives. Lovely!
+
+            outfiles = []  # for RECORD writing
+
+            # for script copying/shebang processing
+            workdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            # set target dir later
+            # we default add_launchers to False, as the
+            # Python Launcher should be used instead
+            maker.source_dir = workdir
+            maker.target_dir = None
+            try:
+                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                    arcname = zinfo.filename
+                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                        u_arcname = arcname
+                    else:
+                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                    if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
+                        continue
+                    row = records[u_arcname]
+                    if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
+                        raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
+                                               '%s' % u_arcname)
+                    if row[1]:
+                        kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            data = bf.read()
+                        _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                        if digest != value:
+                            raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
+                                                   '%s' % arcname)
+
+                    if lib_only and u_arcname.startswith((info_pfx, data_pfx)):
+                        logger.debug('lib_only: skipping %s', u_arcname)
+                        continue
+                    is_script = (u_arcname.startswith(script_pfx)
+                                 and not u_arcname.endswith('.exe'))
+
+                    if u_arcname.startswith(data_pfx):
+                        _, where, rp = u_arcname.split('/', 2)
+                        outfile = os.path.join(paths[where], convert_path(rp))
+                    else:
+                        # meant for site-packages.
+                        if u_arcname in (wheel_metadata_name, record_name):
+                            continue
+                        outfile = os.path.join(libdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
+                    if not is_script:
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, outfile)
+                        # Issue #147: permission bits aren't preserved. Using
+                        # zf.extract(zinfo, libdir) should have worked, but didn't,
+                        # see https://www.thetopsites.net/article/53834422.shtml
+                        # So ... manually preserve permission bits as given in zinfo
+                        if os.name == 'posix':
+                            # just set the normal permission bits
+                            os.chmod(outfile,
+                                     (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0x1FF)
+                        outfiles.append(outfile)
+                        # Double check the digest of the written file
+                        if not dry_run and row[1]:
+                            with open(outfile, 'rb') as bf:
+                                data = bf.read()
+                                _, newdigest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                                if newdigest != digest:
+                                    raise DistlibException('digest mismatch '
+                                                           'on write for '
+                                                           '%s' % outfile)
+                        if bc and outfile.endswith('.py'):
+                            try:
+                                pyc = fileop.byte_compile(
+                                    outfile,
+                                    hashed_invalidation=bc_hashed_invalidation)
+                                outfiles.append(pyc)
+                            except Exception:
+                                # Don't give up if byte-compilation fails,
+                                # but log it and perhaps warn the user
+                                logger.warning('Byte-compilation failed',
+                                               exc_info=True)
+                    else:
+                        fn = os.path.basename(convert_path(arcname))
+                        workname = os.path.join(workdir, fn)
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, workname)
+
+                        dn, fn = os.path.split(outfile)
+                        maker.target_dir = dn
+                        filenames = maker.make(fn)
+                        fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+                        outfiles.extend(filenames)
+
+                if lib_only:
+                    logger.debug('lib_only: returning None')
+                    dist = None
+                else:
+                    # Generate scripts
+
+                    # Try to get pydist.json so we can see if there are
+                    # any commands to generate. If this fails (e.g. because
+                    # of a legacy wheel), log a warning but don't give up.
+                    commands = None
+                    file_version = self.info['Wheel-Version']
+                    if file_version == '1.0':
+                        # Use legacy info
+                        ep = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'entry_points.txt')
+                        try:
+                            with zf.open(ep) as bwf:
+                                epdata = read_exports(bwf)
+                            commands = {}
+                            for key in ('console', 'gui'):
+                                k = '%s_scripts' % key
+                                if k in epdata:
+                                    commands['wrap_%s' % key] = d = {}
+                                    for v in epdata[k].values():
+                                        s = '%s:%s' % (v.prefix, v.suffix)
+                                        if v.flags:
+                                            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(v.flags)
+                                        d[v.name] = s
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.warning('Unable to read legacy script '
+                                           'metadata, so cannot generate '
+                                           'scripts')
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            with zf.open(metadata_name) as bwf:
+                                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                                commands = json.load(wf).get('extensions')
+                                if commands:
+                                    commands = commands.get('python.commands')
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.warning('Unable to read JSON metadata, so '
+                                           'cannot generate scripts')
+                    if commands:
+                        console_scripts = commands.get('wrap_console', {})
+                        gui_scripts = commands.get('wrap_gui', {})
+                        if console_scripts or gui_scripts:
+                            script_dir = paths.get('scripts', '')
+                            if not os.path.isdir(script_dir):
+                                raise ValueError('Valid script path not '
+                                                 'specified')
+                            maker.target_dir = script_dir
+                            for k, v in console_scripts.items():
+                                script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                                filenames = maker.make(script)
+                                fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+
+                            if gui_scripts:
+                                options = {'gui': True}
+                                for k, v in gui_scripts.items():
+                                    script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                                    filenames = maker.make(script, options)
+                                    fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+
+                    p = os.path.join(libdir, info_dir)
+                    dist = InstalledDistribution(p)
+
+                    # Write SHARED
+                    paths = dict(paths)  # don't change passed in dict
+                    del paths['purelib']
+                    del paths['platlib']
+                    paths['lib'] = libdir
+                    p = dist.write_shared_locations(paths, dry_run)
+                    if p:
+                        outfiles.append(p)
+
+                    # Write RECORD
+                    dist.write_installed_files(outfiles, paths['prefix'],
+                                               dry_run)
+                return dist
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.exception('installation failed.')
+                fileop.rollback()
+                raise
+            finally:
+                shutil.rmtree(workdir)
+
+    def _get_dylib_cache(self):
+        global cache
+        if cache is None:
+            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
+            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('dylib-cache'),
+                                '%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2])
+            cache = Cache(base)
+        return cache
+
+    def _get_extensions(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        arcname = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'EXTENSIONS')
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+        result = []
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            try:
+                with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                    wf = wrapper(bf)
+                    extensions = json.load(wf)
+                    cache = self._get_dylib_cache()
+                    prefix = cache.prefix_to_dir(pathname)
+                    cache_base = os.path.join(cache.base, prefix)
+                    if not os.path.isdir(cache_base):
+                        os.makedirs(cache_base)
+                    for name, relpath in extensions.items():
+                        dest = os.path.join(cache_base, convert_path(relpath))
+                        if not os.path.exists(dest):
+                            extract = True
+                        else:
+                            file_time = os.stat(dest).st_mtime
+                            file_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                                file_time)
+                            info = zf.getinfo(relpath)
+                            wheel_time = datetime.datetime(*info.date_time)
+                            extract = wheel_time > file_time
+                        if extract:
+                            zf.extract(relpath, cache_base)
+                        result.append((name, dest))
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def is_compatible(self):
+        """
+        Determine if a wheel is compatible with the running system.
+        """
+        return is_compatible(self)
+
+    def is_mountable(self):
+        """
+        Determine if a wheel is asserted as mountable by its metadata.
+        """
+        return True  # for now - metadata details TBD
+
+    def mount(self, append=False):
+        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
+        if not self.is_compatible():
+            msg = 'Wheel %s not compatible with this Python.' % pathname
+            raise DistlibException(msg)
+        if not self.is_mountable():
+            msg = 'Wheel %s is marked as not mountable.' % pathname
+            raise DistlibException(msg)
+        if pathname in sys.path:
+            logger.debug('%s already in path', pathname)
+        else:
+            if append:
+                sys.path.append(pathname)
+            else:
+                sys.path.insert(0, pathname)
+            extensions = self._get_extensions()
+            if extensions:
+                if _hook not in sys.meta_path:
+                    sys.meta_path.append(_hook)
+                _hook.add(pathname, extensions)
+
+    def unmount(self):
+        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
+        if pathname not in sys.path:
+            logger.debug('%s not in path', pathname)
+        else:
+            sys.path.remove(pathname)
+            if pathname in _hook.impure_wheels:
+                _hook.remove(pathname)
+            if not _hook.impure_wheels:
+                if _hook in sys.meta_path:
+                    sys.meta_path.remove(_hook)
+
+    def verify(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        # data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        # metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
+                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                message_from_file(wf)
+            # wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            # TODO version verification
+
+            records = {}
+            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
+                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
+                    for row in reader:
+                        p = row[0]
+                        records[p] = row
+
+            for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                arcname = zinfo.filename
+                if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                    u_arcname = arcname
+                else:
+                    u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                # See issue #115: some wheels have .. in their entries, but
+                # in the filename ... e.g. __main__..py ! So the check is
+                # updated to look for .. in the directory portions
+                p = u_arcname.split('/')
+                if '..' in p:
+                    raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
+                                           'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
+
+                if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
+                    continue
+                row = records[u_arcname]
+                if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
+                    raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
+                                           '%s' % u_arcname)
+                if row[1]:
+                    kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
+                    with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                        data = bf.read()
+                    _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                    if digest != value:
+                        raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
+                                               '%s' % arcname)
+
+    def update(self, modifier, dest_dir=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Update the contents of a wheel in a generic way. The modifier should
+        be a callable which expects a dictionary argument: its keys are
+        archive-entry paths, and its values are absolute filesystem paths
+        where the contents the corresponding archive entries can be found. The
+        modifier is free to change the contents of the files pointed to, add
+        new entries and remove entries, before returning. This method will
+        extract the entire contents of the wheel to a temporary location, call
+        the modifier, and then use the passed (and possibly updated)
+        dictionary to write a new wheel. If ``dest_dir`` is specified, the new
+        wheel is written there -- otherwise, the original wheel is overwritten.
+
+        The modifier should return True if it updated the wheel, else False.
+        This method returns the same value the modifier returns.
+        """
+
+        def get_version(path_map, info_dir):
+            version = path = None
+            key = '%s/%s' % (info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            if key not in path_map:
+                key = '%s/PKG-INFO' % info_dir
+            if key in path_map:
+                path = path_map[key]
+                version = Metadata(path=path).version
+            return version, path
+
+        def update_version(version, path):
+            updated = None
+            try:
+                NormalizedVersion(version)
+                i = version.find('-')
+                if i < 0:
+                    updated = '%s+1' % version
+                else:
+                    parts = [int(s) for s in version[i + 1:].split('.')]
+                    parts[-1] += 1
+                    updated = '%s+%s' % (version[:i], '.'.join(
+                        str(i) for i in parts))
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                logger.debug(
+                    'Cannot update non-compliant (PEP-440) '
+                    'version %r', version)
+            if updated:
+                md = Metadata(path=path)
+                md.version = updated
+                legacy = path.endswith(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+                md.write(path=path, legacy=legacy)
+                logger.debug('Version updated from %r to %r', version, updated)
+
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+        with tempdir() as workdir:
+            with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+                path_map = {}
+                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                    arcname = zinfo.filename
+                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                        u_arcname = arcname
+                    else:
+                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                    if u_arcname == record_name:
+                        continue
+                    if '..' in u_arcname:
+                        raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
+                                               'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
+                    zf.extract(zinfo, workdir)
+                    path = os.path.join(workdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
+                    path_map[u_arcname] = path
+
+            # Remember the version.
+            original_version, _ = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
+            # Files extracted. Call the modifier.
+            modified = modifier(path_map, **kwargs)
+            if modified:
+                # Something changed - need to build a new wheel.
+                current_version, path = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
+                if current_version and (current_version == original_version):
+                    # Add or update local version to signify changes.
+                    update_version(current_version, path)
+                # Decide where the new wheel goes.
+                if dest_dir is None:
+                    fd, newpath = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.whl',
+                                                   prefix='wheel-update-',
+                                                   dir=workdir)
+                    os.close(fd)
+                else:
+                    if not os.path.isdir(dest_dir):
+                        raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' %
+                                               dest_dir)
+                    newpath = os.path.join(dest_dir, self.filename)
+                archive_paths = list(path_map.items())
+                distinfo = os.path.join(workdir, info_dir)
+                info = distinfo, info_dir
+                self.write_records(info, workdir, archive_paths)
+                self.build_zip(newpath, archive_paths)
+                if dest_dir is None:
+                    shutil.copyfile(newpath, pathname)
+        return modified
+
+
+def _get_glibc_version():
+    import platform
+    ver = platform.libc_ver()
+    result = []
+    if ver[0] == 'glibc':
+        for s in ver[1].split('.'):
+            result.append(int(s) if s.isdigit() else 0)
+        result = tuple(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def compatible_tags():
+    """
+    Return (pyver, abi, arch) tuples compatible with this Python.
+    """
+    versions = [VER_SUFFIX]
+    major = VER_SUFFIX[0]
+    for minor in range(sys.version_info[1] - 1, -1, -1):
+        versions.append(''.join([major, str(minor)]))
+
+    abis = []
+    for suffix in _get_suffixes():
+        if suffix.startswith('.abi'):
+            abis.append(suffix.split('.', 2)[1])
+    abis.sort()
+    if ABI != 'none':
+        abis.insert(0, ABI)
+    abis.append('none')
+    result = []
+
+    arches = [ARCH]
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        m = re.match(r'(\w+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(\w+)$', ARCH)
+        if m:
+            name, major, minor, arch = m.groups()
+            minor = int(minor)
+            matches = [arch]
+            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc'):
+                matches.append('fat')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('fat3')
+            if arch in ('ppc64', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('fat64')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('intel')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64', 'intel', 'ppc', 'ppc64'):
+                matches.append('universal')
+            while minor >= 0:
+                for match in matches:
+                    s = '%s_%s_%s_%s' % (name, major, minor, match)
+                    if s != ARCH:  # already there
+                        arches.append(s)
+                minor -= 1
+
+    # Most specific - our Python version, ABI and arch
+    for abi in abis:
+        for arch in arches:
+            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi, arch))
+            # manylinux
+            if abi != 'none' and sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+                arch = arch.replace('linux_', '')
+                parts = _get_glibc_version()
+                if len(parts) == 2:
+                    if parts >= (2, 5):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux1_%s' % arch))
+                    if parts >= (2, 12):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux2010_%s' % arch))
+                    if parts >= (2, 17):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux2014_%s' % arch))
+                    result.append(
+                        (''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                         'manylinux_%s_%s_%s' % (parts[0], parts[1], arch)))
+
+    # where no ABI / arch dependency, but IMP_PREFIX dependency
+    for i, version in enumerate(versions):
+        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), 'none', 'any'))
+        if i == 0:
+            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version[0])), 'none', 'any'))
+
+    # no IMP_PREFIX, ABI or arch dependency
+    for i, version in enumerate(versions):
+        result.append((''.join(('py', version)), 'none', 'any'))
+        if i == 0:
+            result.append((''.join(('py', version[0])), 'none', 'any'))
+
+    return set(result)
+
+
+COMPATIBLE_TAGS = compatible_tags()
+
+del compatible_tags
+
+
+def is_compatible(wheel, tags=None):
+    if not isinstance(wheel, Wheel):
+        wheel = Wheel(wheel)  # assume it's a filename
+    result = False
+    if tags is None:
+        tags = COMPATIBLE_TAGS
+    for ver, abi, arch in tags:
+        if ver in wheel.pyver and abi in wheel.abi and arch in wheel.arch:
+            result = True
+            break
+    return result
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7686fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from .distro import (
+    NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID,
+    NORMALIZED_LSB_ID,
+    NORMALIZED_OS_ID,
+    LinuxDistribution,
+    __version__,
+    build_number,
+    codename,
+    distro_release_attr,
+    distro_release_info,
+    id,
+    info,
+    like,
+    linux_distribution,
+    lsb_release_attr,
+    lsb_release_info,
+    major_version,
+    minor_version,
+    name,
+    os_release_attr,
+    os_release_info,
+    uname_attr,
+    uname_info,
+    version,
+    version_parts,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID",
+    "NORMALIZED_LSB_ID",
+    "NORMALIZED_OS_ID",
+    "LinuxDistribution",
+    "build_number",
+    "codename",
+    "distro_release_attr",
+    "distro_release_info",
+    "id",
+    "info",
+    "like",
+    "linux_distribution",
+    "lsb_release_attr",
+    "lsb_release_info",
+    "major_version",
+    "minor_version",
+    "name",
+    "os_release_attr",
+    "os_release_info",
+    "uname_attr",
+    "uname_info",
+    "version",
+    "version_parts",
+]
+
+__version__ = __version__
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c01d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .distro import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/distro.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/distro.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e1868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1399 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2015,2016,2017 Nir Cohen
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+The ``distro`` package (``distro`` stands for Linux Distribution) provides
+information about the Linux distribution it runs on, such as a reliable
+machine-readable distro ID, or version information.
+
+It is the recommended replacement for Python's original
+:py:func:`platform.linux_distribution` function, but it provides much more
+functionality. An alternative implementation became necessary because Python
+3.5 deprecated this function, and Python 3.8 removed it altogether. Its
+predecessor function :py:func:`platform.dist` was already deprecated since
+Python 2.6 and removed in Python 3.8. Still, there are many cases in which
+access to OS distribution information is needed. See `Python issue 1322
+<https://bugs.python.org/issue1322>`_ for more information.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+)
+
+try:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 3.7
+    TypedDict = dict
+
+__version__ = "1.8.0"
+
+
+class VersionDict(TypedDict):
+    major: str
+    minor: str
+    build_number: str
+
+
+class InfoDict(TypedDict):
+    id: str
+    version: str
+    version_parts: VersionDict
+    like: str
+    codename: str
+
+
+_UNIXCONFDIR = os.environ.get("UNIXCONFDIR", "/etc")
+_UNIXUSRLIBDIR = os.environ.get("UNIXUSRLIBDIR", "/usr/lib")
+_OS_RELEASE_BASENAME = "os-release"
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the "ID" attribute defined in os-release
+#: files, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as defined in the os-release file, translated to lower case,
+#:   with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_OS_ID = {
+    "ol": "oracle",  # Oracle Linux
+    "opensuse-leap": "opensuse",  # Newer versions of OpenSuSE report as opensuse-leap
+}
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by
+#: the lsb_release command, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as returned by the lsb_release command, translated to lower
+#:   case, with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_LSB_ID = {
+    "enterpriseenterpriseas": "oracle",  # Oracle Enterprise Linux 4
+    "enterpriseenterpriseserver": "oracle",  # Oracle Linux 5
+    "redhatenterpriseworkstation": "rhel",  # RHEL 6, 7 Workstation
+    "redhatenterpriseserver": "rhel",  # RHEL 6, 7 Server
+    "redhatenterprisecomputenode": "rhel",  # RHEL 6 ComputeNode
+}
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the distro ID derived from the file name
+#: of distro release files, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as derived from the file name of a distro release file,
+#:   translated to lower case, with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID = {
+    "redhat": "rhel",  # RHEL 6.x, 7.x
+}
+
+# Pattern for content of distro release file (reversed)
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_CONTENT_REVERSED_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"(?:[^)]*\)(.*)\()? *(?:STL )?([\d.+\-a-z]*\d) *(?:esaeler *)?(.+)"
+)
+
+# Pattern for base file name of distro release file
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\w+)[-_](release|version)$")
+
+# Base file names to be looked up for if _UNIXCONFDIR is not readable.
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAMES = [
+    "SuSE-release",
+    "arch-release",
+    "base-release",
+    "centos-release",
+    "fedora-release",
+    "gentoo-release",
+    "mageia-release",
+    "mandrake-release",
+    "mandriva-release",
+    "mandrivalinux-release",
+    "manjaro-release",
+    "oracle-release",
+    "redhat-release",
+    "rocky-release",
+    "sl-release",
+    "slackware-version",
+]
+
+# Base file names to be ignored when searching for distro release file
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_IGNORE_BASENAMES = (
+    "debian_version",
+    "lsb-release",
+    "oem-release",
+    _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME,
+    "system-release",
+    "plesk-release",
+    "iredmail-release",
+)
+
+
+def linux_distribution(full_distribution_name: bool = True) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.6.0
+
+        :func:`distro.linux_distribution()` is deprecated. It should only be
+        used as a compatibility shim with Python's
+        :py:func:`platform.linux_distribution()`. Please use :func:`distro.id`,
+        :func:`distro.version` and :func:`distro.name` instead.
+
+    Return information about the current OS distribution as a tuple
+    ``(id_name, version, codename)`` with items as follows:
+
+    * ``id_name``:  If *full_distribution_name* is false, the result of
+      :func:`distro.id`. Otherwise, the result of :func:`distro.name`.
+
+    * ``version``:  The result of :func:`distro.version`.
+
+    * ``codename``:  The extra item (usually in parentheses) after the
+      os-release version number, or the result of :func:`distro.codename`.
+
+    The interface of this function is compatible with the original
+    :py:func:`platform.linux_distribution` function, supporting a subset of
+    its parameters.
+
+    The data it returns may not exactly be the same, because it uses more data
+    sources than the original function, and that may lead to different data if
+    the OS distribution is not consistent across multiple data sources it
+    provides (there are indeed such distributions ...).
+
+    Another reason for differences is the fact that the :func:`distro.id`
+    method normalizes the distro ID string to a reliable machine-readable value
+    for a number of popular OS distributions.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        "distro.linux_distribution() is deprecated. It should only be used as a "
+        "compatibility shim with Python's platform.linux_distribution(). Please use "
+        "distro.id(), distro.version() and distro.name() instead.",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
+
+
+def id() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the distro ID of the current distribution, as a
+    machine-readable string.
+
+    For a number of OS distributions, the returned distro ID value is
+    *reliable*, in the sense that it is documented and that it does not change
+    across releases of the distribution.
+
+    This package maintains the following reliable distro ID values:
+
+    ==============  =========================================
+    Distro ID       Distribution
+    ==============  =========================================
+    "ubuntu"        Ubuntu
+    "debian"        Debian
+    "rhel"          RedHat Enterprise Linux
+    "centos"        CentOS
+    "fedora"        Fedora
+    "sles"          SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
+    "opensuse"      openSUSE
+    "amzn"          Amazon Linux
+    "arch"          Arch Linux
+    "buildroot"     Buildroot
+    "cloudlinux"    CloudLinux OS
+    "exherbo"       Exherbo Linux
+    "gentoo"        GenToo Linux
+    "ibm_powerkvm"  IBM PowerKVM
+    "kvmibm"        KVM for IBM z Systems
+    "linuxmint"     Linux Mint
+    "mageia"        Mageia
+    "mandriva"      Mandriva Linux
+    "parallels"     Parallels
+    "pidora"        Pidora
+    "raspbian"      Raspbian
+    "oracle"        Oracle Linux (and Oracle Enterprise Linux)
+    "scientific"    Scientific Linux
+    "slackware"     Slackware
+    "xenserver"     XenServer
+    "openbsd"       OpenBSD
+    "netbsd"        NetBSD
+    "freebsd"       FreeBSD
+    "midnightbsd"   MidnightBSD
+    "rocky"         Rocky Linux
+    "aix"           AIX
+    "guix"          Guix System
+    ==============  =========================================
+
+    If you have a need to get distros for reliable IDs added into this set,
+    or if you find that the :func:`distro.id` function returns a different
+    distro ID for one of the listed distros, please create an issue in the
+    `distro issue tracker`_.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy and transformations:**
+
+    First, the ID is obtained from the following sources, in the specified
+    order. The first available and non-empty value is used:
+
+    * the value of the "ID" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+    * the value of the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+
+    * the first part of the file name of the distro release file,
+
+    The so determined ID value then passes the following transformations,
+    before it is returned by this method:
+
+    * it is translated to lower case,
+
+    * blanks (which should not be there anyway) are translated to underscores,
+
+    * a normalization of the ID is performed, based upon
+      `normalization tables`_. The purpose of this normalization is to ensure
+      that the ID is as reliable as possible, even across incompatible changes
+      in the OS distributions. A common reason for an incompatible change is
+      the addition of an os-release file, or the addition of the lsb_release
+      command, with ID values that differ from what was previously determined
+      from the distro release file name.
+    """
+    return _distro.id()
+
+
+def name(pretty: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the name of the current OS distribution, as a human-readable
+    string.
+
+    If *pretty* is false, the name is returned without version or codename.
+    (e.g. "CentOS Linux")
+
+    If *pretty* is true, the version and codename are appended.
+    (e.g. "CentOS Linux 7.1.1503 (Core)")
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    The name is obtained from the following sources, in the specified order.
+    The first available and non-empty value is used:
+
+    * If *pretty* is false:
+
+      - the value of the "NAME" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+      - the value of the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+        command,
+
+      - the value of the "<name>" field of the distro release file.
+
+    * If *pretty* is true:
+
+      - the value of the "PRETTY_NAME" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+      - the value of the "Description" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+        command,
+
+      - the value of the "<name>" field of the distro release file, appended
+        with the value of the pretty version ("<version_id>" and "<codename>"
+        fields) of the distro release file, if available.
+    """
+    return _distro.name(pretty)
+
+
+def version(pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the version of the current OS distribution, as a human-readable
+    string.
+
+    If *pretty* is false, the version is returned without codename (e.g.
+    "7.0").
+
+    If *pretty* is true, the codename in parenthesis is appended, if the
+    codename is non-empty (e.g. "7.0 (Maipo)").
+
+    Some distributions provide version numbers with different precisions in
+    the different sources of distribution information. Examining the different
+    sources in a fixed priority order does not always yield the most precise
+    version (e.g. for Debian 8.2, or CentOS 7.1).
+
+    Some other distributions may not provide this kind of information. In these
+    cases, an empty string would be returned. This behavior can be observed
+    with rolling releases distributions (e.g. Arch Linux).
+
+    The *best* parameter can be used to control the approach for the returned
+    version:
+
+    If *best* is false, the first non-empty version number in priority order of
+    the examined sources is returned.
+
+    If *best* is true, the most precise version number out of all examined
+    sources is returned.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    In all cases, the version number is obtained from the following sources.
+    If *best* is false, this order represents the priority order:
+
+    * the value of the "VERSION_ID" attribute of the os-release file,
+    * the value of the "Release" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+    * the version number parsed from the "<version_id>" field of the first line
+      of the distro release file,
+    * the version number parsed from the "PRETTY_NAME" attribute of the
+      os-release file, if it follows the format of the distro release files.
+    * the version number parsed from the "Description" attribute returned by
+      the lsb_release command, if it follows the format of the distro release
+      files.
+    """
+    return _distro.version(pretty, best)
+
+
+def version_parts(best: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """
+    Return the version of the current OS distribution as a tuple
+    ``(major, minor, build_number)`` with items as follows:
+
+    * ``major``:  The result of :func:`distro.major_version`.
+
+    * ``minor``:  The result of :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+
+    * ``build_number``:  The result of :func:`distro.build_number`.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.version_parts(best)
+
+
+def major_version(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the major version of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The major version is the first
+    part of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.major_version(best)
+
+
+def minor_version(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the minor version of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The minor version is the second
+    part of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.minor_version(best)
+
+
+def build_number(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the build number of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The build number is the third part
+    of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.build_number(best)
+
+
+def like() -> str:
+    """
+    Return a space-separated list of distro IDs of distributions that are
+    closely related to the current OS distribution in regards to packaging
+    and programming interfaces, for example distributions the current
+    distribution is a derivative from.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    This information item is only provided by the os-release file.
+    For details, see the description of the "ID_LIKE" attribute in the
+    `os-release man page
+    <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html>`_.
+    """
+    return _distro.like()
+
+
+def codename() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the codename for the release of the current OS distribution,
+    as a string.
+
+    If the distribution does not have a codename, an empty string is returned.
+
+    Note that the returned codename is not always really a codename. For
+    example, openSUSE returns "x86_64". This function does not handle such
+    cases in any special way and just returns the string it finds, if any.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    * the codename within the "VERSION" attribute of the os-release file, if
+      provided,
+
+    * the value of the "Codename" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+
+    * the value of the "<codename>" field of the distro release file.
+    """
+    return _distro.codename()
+
+
+def info(pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> InfoDict:
+    """
+    Return certain machine-readable information items about the current OS
+    distribution in a dictionary, as shown in the following example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        {
+            'id': 'rhel',
+            'version': '7.0',
+            'version_parts': {
+                'major': '7',
+                'minor': '0',
+                'build_number': ''
+            },
+            'like': 'fedora',
+            'codename': 'Maipo'
+        }
+
+    The dictionary structure and keys are always the same, regardless of which
+    information items are available in the underlying data sources. The values
+    for the various keys are as follows:
+
+    * ``id``:  The result of :func:`distro.id`.
+
+    * ``version``:  The result of :func:`distro.version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> major``:  The result of :func:`distro.major_version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> minor``:  The result of :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> build_number``:  The result of
+      :func:`distro.build_number`.
+
+    * ``like``:  The result of :func:`distro.like`.
+
+    * ``codename``:  The result of :func:`distro.codename`.
+
+    For a description of the *pretty* and *best* parameters, see the
+    :func:`distro.version` method.
+    """
+    return _distro.info(pretty, best)
+
+
+def os_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the os-release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `os-release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.os_release_info()
+
+
+def lsb_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the lsb_release command data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `lsb_release command output`_ for details about these information
+    items.
+    """
+    return _distro.lsb_release_info()
+
+
+def distro_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the distro release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `distro release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.distro_release_info()
+
+
+def uname_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the distro release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+    """
+    return _distro.uname_info()
+
+
+def os_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the os-release file data source
+    of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `os-release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.os_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def lsb_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the lsb_release command output
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `lsb_release command output`_ for details about these information
+    items.
+    """
+    return _distro.lsb_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def distro_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `distro release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.distro_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def uname_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+                The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+    """
+    return _distro.uname_attr(attribute)
+
+
+try:
+    from functools import cached_property
+except ImportError:
+    # Python < 3.8
+    class cached_property:  # type: ignore
+        """A version of @property which caches the value.  On access, it calls the
+        underlying function and sets the value in `__dict__` so future accesses
+        will not re-call the property.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, f: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
+            self._fname = f.__name__
+            self._f = f
+
+        def __get__(self, obj: Any, owner: Type[Any]) -> Any:
+            assert obj is not None, f"call {self._fname} on an instance"
+            ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
+            return ret
+
+
+class LinuxDistribution:
+    """
+    Provides information about a OS distribution.
+
+    This package creates a private module-global instance of this class with
+    default initialization arguments, that is used by the
+    `consolidated accessor functions`_ and `single source accessor functions`_.
+    By using default initialization arguments, that module-global instance
+    returns data about the current OS distribution (i.e. the distro this
+    package runs on).
+
+    Normally, it is not necessary to create additional instances of this class.
+    However, in situations where control is needed over the exact data sources
+    that are used, instances of this class can be created with a specific
+    distro release file, or a specific os-release file, or without invoking the
+    lsb_release command.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        include_lsb: Optional[bool] = None,
+        os_release_file: str = "",
+        distro_release_file: str = "",
+        include_uname: Optional[bool] = None,
+        root_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        include_oslevel: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        The initialization method of this class gathers information from the
+        available data sources, and stores that in private instance attributes.
+        Subsequent access to the information items uses these private instance
+        attributes, so that the data sources are read only once.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * ``include_lsb`` (bool): Controls whether the
+          `lsb_release command output`_ is included as a data source.
+
+          If the lsb_release command is not available in the program execution
+          path, the data source for the lsb_release command will be empty.
+
+        * ``os_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `os-release file`_ that is to be used as a data source.
+
+          An empty string (the default) will cause the default path name to
+          be used (see `os-release file`_ for details).
+
+          If the specified or defaulted os-release file does not exist, the
+          data source for the os-release file will be empty.
+
+        * ``distro_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `distro release file`_ that is to be used as a data source.
+
+          An empty string (the default) will cause a default search algorithm
+          to be used (see `distro release file`_ for details).
+
+          If the specified distro release file does not exist, or if no default
+          distro release file can be found, the data source for the distro
+          release file will be empty.
+
+        * ``include_uname`` (bool): Controls whether uname command output is
+          included as a data source. If the uname command is not available in
+          the program execution path the data source for the uname command will
+          be empty.
+
+        * ``root_dir`` (string): The absolute path to the root directory to use
+          to find distro-related information files. Note that ``include_*``
+          parameters must not be enabled in combination with ``root_dir``.
+
+        * ``include_oslevel`` (bool): Controls whether (AIX) oslevel command
+          output is included as a data source. If the oslevel command is not
+          available in the program execution path the data source will be
+          empty.
+
+        Public instance attributes:
+
+        * ``os_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `os-release file`_ that is actually used as a data source. The
+          empty string if no distro release file is used as a data source.
+
+        * ``distro_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `distro release file`_ that is actually used as a data source. The
+          empty string if no distro release file is used as a data source.
+
+        * ``include_lsb`` (bool): The result of the ``include_lsb`` parameter.
+          This controls whether the lsb information will be loaded.
+
+        * ``include_uname`` (bool): The result of the ``include_uname``
+          parameter. This controls whether the uname information will
+          be loaded.
+
+        * ``include_oslevel`` (bool): The result of the ``include_oslevel``
+          parameter. This controls whether (AIX) oslevel information will be
+          loaded.
+
+        * ``root_dir`` (string): The result of the ``root_dir`` parameter.
+          The absolute path to the root directory to use to find distro-related
+          information files.
+
+        Raises:
+
+        * :py:exc:`ValueError`: Initialization parameters combination is not
+           supported.
+
+        * :py:exc:`OSError`: Some I/O issue with an os-release file or distro
+          release file.
+
+        * :py:exc:`UnicodeError`: A data source has unexpected characters or
+          uses an unexpected encoding.
+        """
+        self.root_dir = root_dir
+        self.etc_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, "etc") if root_dir else _UNIXCONFDIR
+        self.usr_lib_dir = (
+            os.path.join(root_dir, "usr/lib") if root_dir else _UNIXUSRLIBDIR
+        )
+
+        if os_release_file:
+            self.os_release_file = os_release_file
+        else:
+            etc_dir_os_release_file = os.path.join(self.etc_dir, _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME)
+            usr_lib_os_release_file = os.path.join(
+                self.usr_lib_dir, _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME
+            )
+
+            # NOTE: The idea is to respect order **and** have it set
+            #       at all times for API backwards compatibility.
+            if os.path.isfile(etc_dir_os_release_file) or not os.path.isfile(
+                usr_lib_os_release_file
+            ):
+                self.os_release_file = etc_dir_os_release_file
+            else:
+                self.os_release_file = usr_lib_os_release_file
+
+        self.distro_release_file = distro_release_file or ""  # updated later
+
+        is_root_dir_defined = root_dir is not None
+        if is_root_dir_defined and (include_lsb or include_uname or include_oslevel):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Including subprocess data sources from specific root_dir is disallowed"
+                " to prevent false information"
+            )
+        self.include_lsb = (
+            include_lsb if include_lsb is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+        self.include_uname = (
+            include_uname if include_uname is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+        self.include_oslevel = (
+            include_oslevel if include_oslevel is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """Return repr of all info"""
+        return (
+            "LinuxDistribution("
+            "os_release_file={self.os_release_file!r}, "
+            "distro_release_file={self.distro_release_file!r}, "
+            "include_lsb={self.include_lsb!r}, "
+            "include_uname={self.include_uname!r}, "
+            "include_oslevel={self.include_oslevel!r}, "
+            "root_dir={self.root_dir!r}, "
+            "_os_release_info={self._os_release_info!r}, "
+            "_lsb_release_info={self._lsb_release_info!r}, "
+            "_distro_release_info={self._distro_release_info!r}, "
+            "_uname_info={self._uname_info!r}, "
+            "_oslevel_info={self._oslevel_info!r})".format(self=self)
+        )
+
+    def linux_distribution(
+        self, full_distribution_name: bool = True
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+        """
+        Return information about the OS distribution that is compatible
+        with Python's :func:`platform.linux_distribution`, supporting a subset
+        of its parameters.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.linux_distribution`.
+        """
+        return (
+            self.name() if full_distribution_name else self.id(),
+            self.version(),
+            self._os_release_info.get("release_codename") or self.codename(),
+        )
+
+    def id(self) -> str:
+        """Return the distro ID of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.id`.
+        """
+
+        def normalize(distro_id: str, table: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+            distro_id = distro_id.lower().replace(" ", "_")
+            return table.get(distro_id, distro_id)
+
+        distro_id = self.os_release_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_OS_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.lsb_release_attr("distributor_id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_LSB_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.distro_release_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.uname_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID)
+
+        return ""
+
+    def name(self, pretty: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the name of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.name`.
+        """
+        name = (
+            self.os_release_attr("name")
+            or self.lsb_release_attr("distributor_id")
+            or self.distro_release_attr("name")
+            or self.uname_attr("name")
+        )
+        if pretty:
+            name = self.os_release_attr("pretty_name") or self.lsb_release_attr(
+                "description"
+            )
+            if not name:
+                name = self.distro_release_attr("name") or self.uname_attr("name")
+                version = self.version(pretty=True)
+                if version:
+                    name = f"{name} {version}"
+        return name or ""
+
+    def version(self, pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the version of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.version`.
+        """
+        versions = [
+            self.os_release_attr("version_id"),
+            self.lsb_release_attr("release"),
+            self.distro_release_attr("version_id"),
+            self._parse_distro_release_content(self.os_release_attr("pretty_name")).get(
+                "version_id", ""
+            ),
+            self._parse_distro_release_content(
+                self.lsb_release_attr("description")
+            ).get("version_id", ""),
+            self.uname_attr("release"),
+        ]
+        if self.uname_attr("id").startswith("aix"):
+            # On AIX platforms, prefer oslevel command output.
+            versions.insert(0, self.oslevel_info())
+        elif self.id() == "debian" or "debian" in self.like().split():
+            # On Debian-like, add debian_version file content to candidates list.
+            versions.append(self._debian_version)
+        version = ""
+        if best:
+            # This algorithm uses the last version in priority order that has
+            # the best precision. If the versions are not in conflict, that
+            # does not matter; otherwise, using the last one instead of the
+            # first one might be considered a surprise.
+            for v in versions:
+                if v.count(".") > version.count(".") or version == "":
+                    version = v
+        else:
+            for v in versions:
+                if v != "":
+                    version = v
+                    break
+        if pretty and version and self.codename():
+            version = f"{version} ({self.codename()})"
+        return version
+
+    def version_parts(self, best: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+        """
+        Return the version of the OS distribution, as a tuple of version
+        numbers.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.version_parts`.
+        """
+        version_str = self.version(best=best)
+        if version_str:
+            version_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)\.?(\d+)?\.?(\d+)?")
+            matches = version_regex.match(version_str)
+            if matches:
+                major, minor, build_number = matches.groups()
+                return major, minor or "", build_number or ""
+        return "", "", ""
+
+    def major_version(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the major version number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.major_version`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[0]
+
+    def minor_version(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the minor version number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[1]
+
+    def build_number(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the build number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.build_number`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[2]
+
+    def like(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the IDs of distributions that are like the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.like`.
+        """
+        return self.os_release_attr("id_like") or ""
+
+    def codename(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the codename of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.codename`.
+        """
+        try:
+            # Handle os_release specially since distros might purposefully set
+            # this to empty string to have no codename
+            return self._os_release_info["codename"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return (
+                self.lsb_release_attr("codename")
+                or self.distro_release_attr("codename")
+                or ""
+            )
+
+    def info(self, pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> InfoDict:
+        """
+        Return certain machine-readable information about the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.info`.
+        """
+        return dict(
+            id=self.id(),
+            version=self.version(pretty, best),
+            version_parts=dict(
+                major=self.major_version(best),
+                minor=self.minor_version(best),
+                build_number=self.build_number(best),
+            ),
+            like=self.like(),
+            codename=self.codename(),
+        )
+
+    def os_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the os-release file data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.os_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._os_release_info
+
+    def lsb_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the lsb_release command data source of the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.lsb_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._lsb_release_info
+
+    def distro_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the distro release file data source of the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.distro_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._distro_release_info
+
+    def uname_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the uname command data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.uname_info`.
+        """
+        return self._uname_info
+
+    def oslevel_info(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return AIX' oslevel command output.
+        """
+        return self._oslevel_info
+
+    def os_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the os-release file data
+        source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.os_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._os_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def lsb_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the lsb_release command
+        output data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.lsb_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def distro_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+        data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.distro_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._distro_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def uname_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the uname command
+        output data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.uname_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._uname_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _os_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the specified os-release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if os.path.isfile(self.os_release_file):
+            with open(self.os_release_file, encoding="utf-8") as release_file:
+                return self._parse_os_release_content(release_file)
+        return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_os_release_content(lines: TextIO) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse the lines of an os-release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * lines: Iterable through the lines in the os-release file.
+                 Each line must be a unicode string or a UTF-8 encoded byte
+                 string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        props = {}
+        lexer = shlex.shlex(lines, posix=True)
+        lexer.whitespace_split = True
+
+        tokens = list(lexer)
+        for token in tokens:
+            # At this point, all shell-like parsing has been done (i.e.
+            # comments processed, quotes and backslash escape sequences
+            # processed, multi-line values assembled, trailing newlines
+            # stripped, etc.), so the tokens are now either:
+            # * variable assignments: var=value
+            # * commands or their arguments (not allowed in os-release)
+            # Ignore any tokens that are not variable assignments
+            if "=" in token:
+                k, v = token.split("=", 1)
+                props[k.lower()] = v
+
+        if "version" in props:
+            # extract release codename (if any) from version attribute
+            match = re.search(r"\((\D+)\)|,\s*(\D+)", props["version"])
+            if match:
+                release_codename = match.group(1) or match.group(2)
+                props["codename"] = props["release_codename"] = release_codename
+
+        if "version_codename" in props:
+            # os-release added a version_codename field.  Use that in
+            # preference to anything else Note that some distros purposefully
+            # do not have code names.  They should be setting
+            # version_codename=""
+            props["codename"] = props["version_codename"]
+        elif "ubuntu_codename" in props:
+            # Same as above but a non-standard field name used on older Ubuntus
+            props["codename"] = props["ubuntu_codename"]
+
+        return props
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _lsb_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the lsb_release command output.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if not self.include_lsb:
+            return {}
+        try:
+            cmd = ("lsb_release", "-a")
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        # Command not found or lsb_release returned error
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return {}
+        content = self._to_str(stdout).splitlines()
+        return self._parse_lsb_release_content(content)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_lsb_release_content(lines: Iterable[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse the output of the lsb_release command.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * lines: Iterable through the lines of the lsb_release output.
+                 Each line must be a unicode string or a UTF-8 encoded byte
+                 string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        props = {}
+        for line in lines:
+            kv = line.strip("\n").split(":", 1)
+            if len(kv) != 2:
+                # Ignore lines without colon.
+                continue
+            k, v = kv
+            props.update({k.replace(" ", "_").lower(): v.strip()})
+        return props
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _uname_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.include_uname:
+            return {}
+        try:
+            cmd = ("uname", "-rs")
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except OSError:
+            return {}
+        content = self._to_str(stdout).splitlines()
+        return self._parse_uname_content(content)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _oslevel_info(self) -> str:
+        if not self.include_oslevel:
+            return ""
+        try:
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output("oslevel", stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return ""
+        return self._to_str(stdout).strip()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _debian_version(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            with open(
+                os.path.join(self.etc_dir, "debian_version"), encoding="ascii"
+            ) as fp:
+                return fp.readline().rstrip()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_uname_content(lines: Sequence[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        if not lines:
+            return {}
+        props = {}
+        match = re.search(r"^([^\s]+)\s+([\d\.]+)", lines[0].strip())
+        if match:
+            name, version = match.groups()
+
+            # This is to prevent the Linux kernel version from
+            # appearing as the 'best' version on otherwise
+            # identifiable distributions.
+            if name == "Linux":
+                return {}
+            props["id"] = name.lower()
+            props["name"] = name
+            props["release"] = version
+        return props
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_str(bytestring: bytes) -> str:
+        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+        return bytestring.decode(encoding)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _distro_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the specified distro release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if self.distro_release_file:
+            # If it was specified, we use it and parse what we can, even if
+            # its file name or content does not match the expected pattern.
+            distro_info = self._parse_distro_release_file(self.distro_release_file)
+            basename = os.path.basename(self.distro_release_file)
+            # The file name pattern for user-specified distro release files
+            # is somewhat more tolerant (compared to when searching for the
+            # file), because we want to use what was specified as best as
+            # possible.
+            match = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN.match(basename)
+        else:
+            try:
+                basenames = [
+                    basename
+                    for basename in os.listdir(self.etc_dir)
+                    if basename not in _DISTRO_RELEASE_IGNORE_BASENAMES
+                    and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(self.etc_dir, basename))
+                ]
+                # We sort for repeatability in cases where there are multiple
+                # distro specific files; e.g. CentOS, Oracle, Enterprise all
+                # containing `redhat-release` on top of their own.
+                basenames.sort()
+            except OSError:
+                # This may occur when /etc is not readable but we can't be
+                # sure about the *-release files. Check common entries of
+                # /etc for information. If they turn out to not be there the
+                # error is handled in `_parse_distro_release_file()`.
+                basenames = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAMES
+            for basename in basenames:
+                match = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN.match(basename)
+                if match is None:
+                    continue
+                filepath = os.path.join(self.etc_dir, basename)
+                distro_info = self._parse_distro_release_file(filepath)
+                # The name is always present if the pattern matches.
+                if "name" not in distro_info:
+                    continue
+                self.distro_release_file = filepath
+                break
+            else:  # the loop didn't "break": no candidate.
+                return {}
+
+        if match is not None:
+            distro_info["id"] = match.group(1)
+
+        # CloudLinux < 7: manually enrich info with proper id.
+        if "cloudlinux" in distro_info.get("name", "").lower():
+            distro_info["id"] = "cloudlinux"
+
+        return distro_info
+
+    def _parse_distro_release_file(self, filepath: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse a distro release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * filepath: Path name of the distro release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        try:
+            with open(filepath, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+                # Only parse the first line. For instance, on SLES there
+                # are multiple lines. We don't want them...
+                return self._parse_distro_release_content(fp.readline())
+        except OSError:
+            # Ignore not being able to read a specific, seemingly version
+            # related file.
+            # See https://github.com/python-distro/distro/issues/162
+            return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_distro_release_content(line: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse a line from a distro release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+        * line: Line from the distro release file. Must be a unicode string
+                or a UTF-8 encoded byte string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        matches = _DISTRO_RELEASE_CONTENT_REVERSED_PATTERN.match(line.strip()[::-1])
+        distro_info = {}
+        if matches:
+            # regexp ensures non-None
+            distro_info["name"] = matches.group(3)[::-1]
+            if matches.group(2):
+                distro_info["version_id"] = matches.group(2)[::-1]
+            if matches.group(1):
+                distro_info["codename"] = matches.group(1)[::-1]
+        elif line:
+            distro_info["name"] = line.strip()
+        return distro_info
+
+
+_distro = LinuxDistribution()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout))
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="OS distro info tool")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", "-j", help="Output in machine readable format", action="store_true"
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--root-dir",
+        "-r",
+        type=str,
+        dest="root_dir",
+        help="Path to the root filesystem directory (defaults to /)",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.root_dir:
+        dist = LinuxDistribution(
+            include_lsb=False,
+            include_uname=False,
+            include_oslevel=False,
+            root_dir=args.root_dir,
+        )
+    else:
+        dist = _distro
+
+    if args.json:
+        logger.info(json.dumps(dist.info(), indent=4, sort_keys=True))
+    else:
+        logger.info("Name: %s", dist.name(pretty=True))
+        distribution_version = dist.version(pretty=True)
+        logger.info("Version: %s", distribution_version)
+        distribution_codename = dist.codename()
+        logger.info("Codename: %s", distribution_codename)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a40eeaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from .package_data import __version__
+from .core import (
+    IDNABidiError,
+    IDNAError,
+    InvalidCodepoint,
+    InvalidCodepointContext,
+    alabel,
+    check_bidi,
+    check_hyphen_ok,
+    check_initial_combiner,
+    check_label,
+    check_nfc,
+    decode,
+    encode,
+    ulabel,
+    uts46_remap,
+    valid_contextj,
+    valid_contexto,
+    valid_label_length,
+    valid_string_length,
+)
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+__all__ = [
+    "IDNABidiError",
+    "IDNAError",
+    "InvalidCodepoint",
+    "InvalidCodepointContext",
+    "alabel",
+    "check_bidi",
+    "check_hyphen_ok",
+    "check_initial_combiner",
+    "check_label",
+    "check_nfc",
+    "decode",
+    "encode",
+    "intranges_contain",
+    "ulabel",
+    "uts46_remap",
+    "valid_contextj",
+    "valid_contexto",
+    "valid_label_length",
+    "valid_string_length",
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ca9ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+from .core import encode, decode, alabel, ulabel, IDNAError
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import Tuple, Optional
+
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+
+    def encode(self, data: str, errors: str = 'strict') -> Tuple[bytes, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        return encode(data), len(data)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, errors: str = 'strict') -> Tuple[str, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return '', 0
+
+        return decode(data), len(data)
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalEncoder):
+    def _buffer_encode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> Tuple[str, int]:  # type: ignore
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return "", 0
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(alabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        # Join with U+002E
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot  # type: ignore
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return result_str, size
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalDecoder):
+    def _buffer_decode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> Tuple[str, int]:  # type: ignore
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return ('', 0)
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(ulabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return (result_str, size)
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+def getregentry() -> codecs.CodecInfo:
+    # Compatibility as a search_function for codecs.register()
+    return codecs.CodecInfo(
+        name='idna',
+        encode=Codec().encode,  # type: ignore
+        decode=Codec().decode,  # type: ignore
+        incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+        incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+        streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+        streamreader=StreamReader,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..786e6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from .core import *
+from .codec import *
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+def ToASCII(label: str) -> bytes:
+    return encode(label)
+
+def ToUnicode(label: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    return decode(label)
+
+def nameprep(s: Any) -> None:
+    raise NotImplementedError('IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol')
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aea17ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+from . import idnadata
+import bisect
+import unicodedata
+import re
+from typing import Union, Optional
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+_virama_combining_class = 9
+_alabel_prefix = b'xn--'
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class IDNAError(UnicodeError):
+    """ Base exception for all IDNA-encoding related problems """
+    pass
+
+
+class IDNABidiError(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when bidirectional requirements are not satisfied """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepoint(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when a disallowed or unallocated codepoint is used """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepointContext(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when the codepoint is not valid in the context it is used """
+    pass
+
+
+def _combining_class(cp: int) -> int:
+    v = unicodedata.combining(chr(cp))
+    if v == 0:
+        if not unicodedata.name(chr(cp)):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown character in unicodedata')
+    return v
+
+def _is_script(cp: str, script: str) -> bool:
+    return intranges_contain(ord(cp), idnadata.scripts[script])
+
+def _punycode(s: str) -> bytes:
+    return s.encode('punycode')
+
+def _unot(s: int) -> str:
+    return 'U+{:04X}'.format(s)
+
+
+def valid_label_length(label: Union[bytes, str]) -> bool:
+    if len(label) > 63:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def valid_string_length(label: Union[bytes, str], trailing_dot: bool) -> bool:
+    if len(label) > (254 if trailing_dot else 253):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def check_bidi(label: str, check_ltr: bool = False) -> bool:
+    # Bidi rules should only be applied if string contains RTL characters
+    bidi_label = False
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+        if direction == '':
+            # String likely comes from a newer version of Unicode
+            raise IDNABidiError('Unknown directionality in label {} at position {}'.format(repr(label), idx))
+        if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN']:
+            bidi_label = True
+    if not bidi_label and not check_ltr:
+        return True
+
+    # Bidi rule 1
+    direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(label[0])
+    if direction in ['R', 'AL']:
+        rtl = True
+    elif direction == 'L':
+        rtl = False
+    else:
+        raise IDNABidiError('First codepoint in label {} must be directionality L, R or AL'.format(repr(label)))
+
+    valid_ending = False
+    number_type = None  # type: Optional[str]
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+
+        if rtl:
+            # Bidi rule 2
+            if not direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a right-to-left label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 3
+            if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'EN', 'AN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+            # Bidi rule 4
+            if direction in ['AN', 'EN']:
+                if not number_type:
+                    number_type = direction
+                else:
+                    if number_type != direction:
+                        raise IDNABidiError('Can not mix numeral types in a right-to-left label')
+        else:
+            # Bidi rule 5
+            if not direction in ['L', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a left-to-right label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 6
+            if direction in ['L', 'EN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+
+    if not valid_ending:
+        raise IDNABidiError('Label ends with illegal codepoint directionality')
+
+    return True
+
+
+def check_initial_combiner(label: str) -> bool:
+    if unicodedata.category(label[0])[0] == 'M':
+        raise IDNAError('Label begins with an illegal combining character')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_hyphen_ok(label: str) -> bool:
+    if label[2:4] == '--':
+        raise IDNAError('Label has disallowed hyphens in 3rd and 4th position')
+    if label[0] == '-' or label[-1] == '-':
+        raise IDNAError('Label must not start or end with a hyphen')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_nfc(label: str) -> None:
+    if unicodedata.normalize('NFC', label) != label:
+        raise IDNAError('Label must be in Normalization Form C')
+
+
+def valid_contextj(label: str, pos: int) -> bool:
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200c:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos-1, -1, -1):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            elif joining_type in [ord('L'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            else:
+                break
+
+        if not ok:
+            return False
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos+1, len(label)):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            elif joining_type in [ord('R'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            else:
+                break
+        return ok
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200d:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    else:
+
+        return False
+
+
+def valid_contexto(label: str, pos: int, exception: bool = False) -> bool:
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x00b7:
+        if 0 < pos < len(label)-1:
+            if ord(label[pos - 1]) == 0x006c and ord(label[pos + 1]) == 0x006c:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x0375:
+        if pos < len(label)-1 and len(label) > 1:
+            return _is_script(label[pos + 1], 'Greek')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x05f3 or cp_value == 0x05f4:
+        if pos > 0:
+            return _is_script(label[pos - 1], 'Hebrew')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x30fb:
+        for cp in label:
+            if cp == '\u30fb':
+                continue
+            if _is_script(cp, 'Hiragana') or _is_script(cp, 'Katakana') or _is_script(cp, 'Han'):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif 0x660 <= cp_value <= 0x669:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x6f0 <= ord(cp) <= 0x06f9:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    elif 0x6f0 <= cp_value <= 0x6f9:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x660 <= ord(cp) <= 0x0669:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def check_label(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+    if isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        label = label.decode('utf-8')
+    if len(label) == 0:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty Label')
+
+    check_nfc(label)
+    check_hyphen_ok(label)
+    check_initial_combiner(label)
+
+    for (pos, cp) in enumerate(label):
+        cp_value = ord(cp)
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['PVALID']):
+            continue
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTJ']):
+            if not valid_contextj(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Joiner {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                    _unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTO']):
+            if not valid_contexto(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint('Codepoint {} at position {} of {} not allowed'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+
+    check_bidi(label)
+
+
+def alabel(label: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        ulabel(label_bytes)
+        if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+            raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+        return label_bytes
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+
+    if not label:
+        raise IDNAError('No Input')
+
+    label = str(label)
+    check_label(label)
+    label_bytes = _punycode(label)
+    label_bytes = _alabel_prefix + label_bytes
+
+    if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+        raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+
+    return label_bytes
+
+
+def ulabel(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    if not isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            check_label(label)
+            return label
+    else:
+        label_bytes = label
+
+    label_bytes = label_bytes.lower()
+    if label_bytes.startswith(_alabel_prefix):
+        label_bytes = label_bytes[len(_alabel_prefix):]
+        if not label_bytes:
+            raise IDNAError('Malformed A-label, no Punycode eligible content found')
+        if label_bytes.decode('ascii')[-1] == '-':
+            raise IDNAError('A-label must not end with a hyphen')
+    else:
+        check_label(label_bytes)
+        return label_bytes.decode('ascii')
+
+    try:
+        label = label_bytes.decode('punycode')
+    except UnicodeError:
+        raise IDNAError('Invalid A-label')
+    check_label(label)
+    return label
+
+
+def uts46_remap(domain: str, std3_rules: bool = True, transitional: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Re-map the characters in the string according to UTS46 processing."""
+    from .uts46data import uts46data
+    output = ''
+
+    for pos, char in enumerate(domain):
+        code_point = ord(char)
+        try:
+            uts46row = uts46data[code_point if code_point < 256 else
+                bisect.bisect_left(uts46data, (code_point, 'Z')) - 1]
+            status = uts46row[1]
+            replacement = None  # type: Optional[str]
+            if len(uts46row) == 3:
+                replacement = uts46row[2]  # type: ignore
+            if (status == 'V' or
+                    (status == 'D' and not transitional) or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules and replacement is None)):
+                output += char
+            elif replacement is not None and (status == 'M' or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules) or
+                    (status == 'D' and transitional)):
+                output += replacement
+            elif status != 'I':
+                raise IndexError()
+        except IndexError:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(
+                'Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                _unot(code_point), pos + 1, repr(domain)))
+
+    return unicodedata.normalize('NFC', output)
+
+
+def encode(s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray], strict: bool = False, uts46: bool = False, std3_rules: bool = False, transitional: bool = False) -> bytes:
+    if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            s = s.decode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise IDNAError('should pass a unicode string to the function rather than a byte string.')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, transitional)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if strict:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    else:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if labels[-1] == '':
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = alabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append(b'')
+    s = b'.'.join(result)
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot):
+        raise IDNAError('Domain too long')
+    return s
+
+
+def decode(s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray], strict: bool = False, uts46: bool = False, std3_rules: bool = False) -> str:
+    try:
+        if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            s = s.decode('ascii')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        raise IDNAError('Invalid ASCII in A-label')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, False)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if not strict:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    else:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if not labels[-1]:
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = ulabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append('')
+    return '.'.join(result)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b5e02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4246 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+__version__ = '15.0.0'
+scripts = {
+    'Greek': (
+        0x37000000374,
+        0x37500000378,
+        0x37a0000037e,
+        0x37f00000380,
+        0x38400000385,
+        0x38600000387,
+        0x3880000038b,
+        0x38c0000038d,
+        0x38e000003a2,
+        0x3a3000003e2,
+        0x3f000000400,
+        0x1d2600001d2b,
+        0x1d5d00001d62,
+        0x1d6600001d6b,
+        0x1dbf00001dc0,
+        0x1f0000001f16,
+        0x1f1800001f1e,
+        0x1f2000001f46,
+        0x1f4800001f4e,
+        0x1f5000001f58,
+        0x1f5900001f5a,
+        0x1f5b00001f5c,
+        0x1f5d00001f5e,
+        0x1f5f00001f7e,
+        0x1f8000001fb5,
+        0x1fb600001fc5,
+        0x1fc600001fd4,
+        0x1fd600001fdc,
+        0x1fdd00001ff0,
+        0x1ff200001ff5,
+        0x1ff600001fff,
+        0x212600002127,
+        0xab650000ab66,
+        0x101400001018f,
+        0x101a0000101a1,
+        0x1d2000001d246,
+    ),
+    'Han': (
+        0x2e8000002e9a,
+        0x2e9b00002ef4,
+        0x2f0000002fd6,
+        0x300500003006,
+        0x300700003008,
+        0x30210000302a,
+        0x30380000303c,
+        0x340000004dc0,
+        0x4e000000a000,
+        0xf9000000fa6e,
+        0xfa700000fada,
+        0x16fe200016fe4,
+        0x16ff000016ff2,
+        0x200000002a6e0,
+        0x2a7000002b73a,
+        0x2b7400002b81e,
+        0x2b8200002cea2,
+        0x2ceb00002ebe1,
+        0x2f8000002fa1e,
+        0x300000003134b,
+        0x31350000323b0,
+    ),
+    'Hebrew': (
+        0x591000005c8,
+        0x5d0000005eb,
+        0x5ef000005f5,
+        0xfb1d0000fb37,
+        0xfb380000fb3d,
+        0xfb3e0000fb3f,
+        0xfb400000fb42,
+        0xfb430000fb45,
+        0xfb460000fb50,
+    ),
+    'Hiragana': (
+        0x304100003097,
+        0x309d000030a0,
+        0x1b0010001b120,
+        0x1b1320001b133,
+        0x1b1500001b153,
+        0x1f2000001f201,
+    ),
+    'Katakana': (
+        0x30a1000030fb,
+        0x30fd00003100,
+        0x31f000003200,
+        0x32d0000032ff,
+        0x330000003358,
+        0xff660000ff70,
+        0xff710000ff9e,
+        0x1aff00001aff4,
+        0x1aff50001affc,
+        0x1affd0001afff,
+        0x1b0000001b001,
+        0x1b1200001b123,
+        0x1b1550001b156,
+        0x1b1640001b168,
+    ),
+}
+joining_types = {
+    0xad: 84,
+    0x300: 84,
+    0x301: 84,
+    0x302: 84,
+    0x303: 84,
+    0x304: 84,
+    0x305: 84,
+    0x306: 84,
+    0x307: 84,
+    0x308: 84,
+    0x309: 84,
+    0x30a: 84,
+    0x30b: 84,
+    0x30c: 84,
+    0x30d: 84,
+    0x30e: 84,
+    0x30f: 84,
+    0x310: 84,
+    0x311: 84,
+    0x312: 84,
+    0x313: 84,
+    0x314: 84,
+    0x315: 84,
+    0x316: 84,
+    0x317: 84,
+    0x318: 84,
+    0x319: 84,
+    0x31a: 84,
+    0x31b: 84,
+    0x31c: 84,
+    0x31d: 84,
+    0x31e: 84,
+    0x31f: 84,
+    0x320: 84,
+    0x321: 84,
+    0x322: 84,
+    0x323: 84,
+    0x324: 84,
+    0x325: 84,
+    0x326: 84,
+    0x327: 84,
+    0x328: 84,
+    0x329: 84,
+    0x32a: 84,
+    0x32b: 84,
+    0x32c: 84,
+    0x32d: 84,
+    0x32e: 84,
+    0x32f: 84,
+    0x330: 84,
+    0x331: 84,
+    0x332: 84,
+    0x333: 84,
+    0x334: 84,
+    0x335: 84,
+    0x336: 84,
+    0x337: 84,
+    0x338: 84,
+    0x339: 84,
+    0x33a: 84,
+    0x33b: 84,
+    0x33c: 84,
+    0x33d: 84,
+    0x33e: 84,
+    0x33f: 84,
+    0x340: 84,
+    0x341: 84,
+    0x342: 84,
+    0x343: 84,
+    0x344: 84,
+    0x345: 84,
+    0x346: 84,
+    0x347: 84,
+    0x348: 84,
+    0x349: 84,
+    0x34a: 84,
+    0x34b: 84,
+    0x34c: 84,
+    0x34d: 84,
+    0x34e: 84,
+    0x34f: 84,
+    0x350: 84,
+    0x351: 84,
+    0x352: 84,
+    0x353: 84,
+    0x354: 84,
+    0x355: 84,
+    0x356: 84,
+    0x357: 84,
+    0x358: 84,
+    0x359: 84,
+    0x35a: 84,
+    0x35b: 84,
+    0x35c: 84,
+    0x35d: 84,
+    0x35e: 84,
+    0x35f: 84,
+    0x360: 84,
+    0x361: 84,
+    0x362: 84,
+    0x363: 84,
+    0x364: 84,
+    0x365: 84,
+    0x366: 84,
+    0x367: 84,
+    0x368: 84,
+    0x369: 84,
+    0x36a: 84,
+    0x36b: 84,
+    0x36c: 84,
+    0x36d: 84,
+    0x36e: 84,
+    0x36f: 84,
+    0x483: 84,
+    0x484: 84,
+    0x485: 84,
+    0x486: 84,
+    0x487: 84,
+    0x488: 84,
+    0x489: 84,
+    0x591: 84,
+    0x592: 84,
+    0x593: 84,
+    0x594: 84,
+    0x595: 84,
+    0x596: 84,
+    0x597: 84,
+    0x598: 84,
+    0x599: 84,
+    0x59a: 84,
+    0x59b: 84,
+    0x59c: 84,
+    0x59d: 84,
+    0x59e: 84,
+    0x59f: 84,
+    0x5a0: 84,
+    0x5a1: 84,
+    0x5a2: 84,
+    0x5a3: 84,
+    0x5a4: 84,
+    0x5a5: 84,
+    0x5a6: 84,
+    0x5a7: 84,
+    0x5a8: 84,
+    0x5a9: 84,
+    0x5aa: 84,
+    0x5ab: 84,
+    0x5ac: 84,
+    0x5ad: 84,
+    0x5ae: 84,
+    0x5af: 84,
+    0x5b0: 84,
+    0x5b1: 84,
+    0x5b2: 84,
+    0x5b3: 84,
+    0x5b4: 84,
+    0x5b5: 84,
+    0x5b6: 84,
+    0x5b7: 84,
+    0x5b8: 84,
+    0x5b9: 84,
+    0x5ba: 84,
+    0x5bb: 84,
+    0x5bc: 84,
+    0x5bd: 84,
+    0x5bf: 84,
+    0x5c1: 84,
+    0x5c2: 84,
+    0x5c4: 84,
+    0x5c5: 84,
+    0x5c7: 84,
+    0x610: 84,
+    0x611: 84,
+    0x612: 84,
+    0x613: 84,
+    0x614: 84,
+    0x615: 84,
+    0x616: 84,
+    0x617: 84,
+    0x618: 84,
+    0x619: 84,
+    0x61a: 84,
+    0x61c: 84,
+    0x620: 68,
+    0x622: 82,
+    0x623: 82,
+    0x624: 82,
+    0x625: 82,
+    0x626: 68,
+    0x627: 82,
+    0x628: 68,
+    0x629: 82,
+    0x62a: 68,
+    0x62b: 68,
+    0x62c: 68,
+    0x62d: 68,
+    0x62e: 68,
+    0x62f: 82,
+    0x630: 82,
+    0x631: 82,
+    0x632: 82,
+    0x633: 68,
+    0x634: 68,
+    0x635: 68,
+    0x636: 68,
+    0x637: 68,
+    0x638: 68,
+    0x639: 68,
+    0x63a: 68,
+    0x63b: 68,
+    0x63c: 68,
+    0x63d: 68,
+    0x63e: 68,
+    0x63f: 68,
+    0x640: 67,
+    0x641: 68,
+    0x642: 68,
+    0x643: 68,
+    0x644: 68,
+    0x645: 68,
+    0x646: 68,
+    0x647: 68,
+    0x648: 82,
+    0x649: 68,
+    0x64a: 68,
+    0x64b: 84,
+    0x64c: 84,
+    0x64d: 84,
+    0x64e: 84,
+    0x64f: 84,
+    0x650: 84,
+    0x651: 84,
+    0x652: 84,
+    0x653: 84,
+    0x654: 84,
+    0x655: 84,
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+}
+codepoint_classes = {
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a43b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""
+Given a list of integers, made up of (hopefully) a small number of long runs
+of consecutive integers, compute a representation of the form
+((start1, end1), (start2, end2) ...). Then answer the question "was x present
+in the original list?" in time O(log(# runs)).
+"""
+
+import bisect
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+def intranges_from_list(list_: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Represent a list of integers as a sequence of ranges:
+    ((start_0, end_0), (start_1, end_1), ...), such that the original
+    integers are exactly those x such that start_i <= x < end_i for some i.
+
+    Ranges are encoded as single integers (start << 32 | end), not as tuples.
+    """
+
+    sorted_list = sorted(list_)
+    ranges = []
+    last_write = -1
+    for i in range(len(sorted_list)):
+        if i+1 < len(sorted_list):
+            if sorted_list[i] == sorted_list[i+1]-1:
+                continue
+        current_range = sorted_list[last_write+1:i+1]
+        ranges.append(_encode_range(current_range[0], current_range[-1] + 1))
+        last_write = i
+
+    return tuple(ranges)
+
+def _encode_range(start: int, end: int) -> int:
+    return (start << 32) | end
+
+def _decode_range(r: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    return (r >> 32), (r & ((1 << 32) - 1))
+
+
+def intranges_contain(int_: int, ranges: Tuple[int, ...]) -> bool:
+    """Determine if `int_` falls into one of the ranges in `ranges`."""
+    tuple_ = _encode_range(int_, 0)
+    pos = bisect.bisect_left(ranges, tuple_)
+    # we could be immediately ahead of a tuple (start, end)
+    # with start < int_ <= end
+    if pos > 0:
+        left, right = _decode_range(ranges[pos-1])
+        if left <= int_ < right:
+            return True
+    # or we could be immediately behind a tuple (int_, end)
+    if pos < len(ranges):
+        left, _ = _decode_range(ranges[pos])
+        if left == int_:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8501893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+__version__ = '3.4'
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..186796c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8600 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+# vim: set fileencoding=utf-8 :
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+
+"""IDNA Mapping Table from UTS46."""
+
+
+__version__ = '15.0.0'
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+    + _seg_52()
+    + _seg_53()
+    + _seg_54()
+    + _seg_55()
+    + _seg_56()
+    + _seg_57()
+    + _seg_58()
+    + _seg_59()
+    + _seg_60()
+    + _seg_61()
+    + _seg_62()
+    + _seg_63()
+    + _seg_64()
+    + _seg_65()
+    + _seg_66()
+    + _seg_67()
+    + _seg_68()
+    + _seg_69()
+    + _seg_70()
+    + _seg_71()
+    + _seg_72()
+    + _seg_73()
+    + _seg_74()
+    + _seg_75()
+    + _seg_76()
+    + _seg_77()
+    + _seg_78()
+    + _seg_79()
+    + _seg_80()
+    + _seg_81()
+)  # type: Tuple[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str, str]], ...]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1300b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from .exceptions import *
+from .ext import ExtType, Timestamp
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+version = (1, 0, 5)
+__version__ = "1.0.5"
+
+
+if os.environ.get("MSGPACK_PUREPYTHON") or sys.version_info[0] == 2:
+    from .fallback import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+else:
+    try:
+        from ._cmsgpack import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+    except ImportError:
+        from .fallback import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+
+
+def pack(o, stream, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pack object `o` and write it to `stream`
+
+    See :class:`Packer` for options.
+    """
+    packer = Packer(**kwargs)
+    stream.write(packer.pack(o))
+
+
+def packb(o, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pack object `o` and return packed bytes
+
+    See :class:`Packer` for options.
+    """
+    return Packer(**kwargs).pack(o)
+
+
+def unpack(stream, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Unpack an object from `stream`.
+
+    Raises `ExtraData` when `stream` contains extra bytes.
+    See :class:`Unpacker` for options.
+    """
+    data = stream.read()
+    return unpackb(data, **kwargs)
+
+
+# alias for compatibility to simplejson/marshal/pickle.
+load = unpack
+loads = unpackb
+
+dump = pack
+dumps = packb
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/fallback.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/fallback.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6d2615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+class UnpackException(Exception):
+    """Base class for some exceptions raised while unpacking.
+
+    NOTE: unpack may raise exception other than subclass of
+    UnpackException.  If you want to catch all error, catch
+    Exception instead.
+    """
+
+
+class BufferFull(UnpackException):
+    pass
+
+
+class OutOfData(UnpackException):
+    pass
+
+
+class FormatError(ValueError, UnpackException):
+    """Invalid msgpack format"""
+
+
+class StackError(ValueError, UnpackException):
+    """Too nested"""
+
+
+# Deprecated.  Use ValueError instead
+UnpackValueError = ValueError
+
+
+class ExtraData(UnpackValueError):
+    """ExtraData is raised when there is trailing data.
+
+    This exception is raised while only one-shot (not streaming)
+    unpack.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, unpacked, extra):
+        self.unpacked = unpacked
+        self.extra = extra
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "unpack(b) received extra data."
+
+
+# Deprecated.  Use Exception instead to catch all exception during packing.
+PackException = Exception
+PackValueError = ValueError
+PackOverflowError = OverflowError
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23e0d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from collections import namedtuple
+import datetime
+import sys
+import struct
+
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+
+if PY2:
+    int_types = (int, long)
+    _utc = None
+else:
+    int_types = int
+    try:
+        _utc = datetime.timezone.utc
+    except AttributeError:
+        _utc = datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0))
+
+
+class ExtType(namedtuple("ExtType", "code data")):
+    """ExtType represents ext type in msgpack."""
+
+    def __new__(cls, code, data):
+        if not isinstance(code, int):
+            raise TypeError("code must be int")
+        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("data must be bytes")
+        if not 0 <= code <= 127:
+            raise ValueError("code must be 0~127")
+        return super(ExtType, cls).__new__(cls, code, data)
+
+
+class Timestamp(object):
+    """Timestamp represents the Timestamp extension type in msgpack.
+
+    When built with Cython, msgpack uses C methods to pack and unpack `Timestamp`. When using pure-Python
+    msgpack, :func:`to_bytes` and :func:`from_bytes` are used to pack and unpack `Timestamp`.
+
+    This class is immutable: Do not override seconds and nanoseconds.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["seconds", "nanoseconds"]
+
+    def __init__(self, seconds, nanoseconds=0):
+        """Initialize a Timestamp object.
+
+        :param int seconds:
+            Number of seconds since the UNIX epoch (00:00:00 UTC Jan 1 1970, minus leap seconds).
+            May be negative.
+
+        :param int nanoseconds:
+            Number of nanoseconds to add to `seconds` to get fractional time.
+            Maximum is 999_999_999.  Default is 0.
+
+        Note: Negative times (before the UNIX epoch) are represented as negative seconds + positive ns.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(seconds, int_types):
+            raise TypeError("seconds must be an integer")
+        if not isinstance(nanoseconds, int_types):
+            raise TypeError("nanoseconds must be an integer")
+        if not (0 <= nanoseconds < 10**9):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "nanoseconds must be a non-negative integer less than 999999999."
+            )
+        self.seconds = seconds
+        self.nanoseconds = nanoseconds
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """String representation of Timestamp."""
+        return "Timestamp(seconds={0}, nanoseconds={1})".format(
+            self.seconds, self.nanoseconds
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Check for equality with another Timestamp object"""
+        if type(other) is self.__class__:
+            return (
+                self.seconds == other.seconds and self.nanoseconds == other.nanoseconds
+            )
+        return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """not-equals method (see :func:`__eq__()`)"""
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.seconds, self.nanoseconds))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(b):
+        """Unpack bytes into a `Timestamp` object.
+
+        Used for pure-Python msgpack unpacking.
+
+        :param b: Payload from msgpack ext message with code -1
+        :type b: bytes
+
+        :returns: Timestamp object unpacked from msgpack ext payload
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        if len(b) == 4:
+            seconds = struct.unpack("!L", b)[0]
+            nanoseconds = 0
+        elif len(b) == 8:
+            data64 = struct.unpack("!Q", b)[0]
+            seconds = data64 & 0x00000003FFFFFFFF
+            nanoseconds = data64 >> 34
+        elif len(b) == 12:
+            nanoseconds, seconds = struct.unpack("!Iq", b)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timestamp type can only be created from 32, 64, or 96-bit byte objects"
+            )
+        return Timestamp(seconds, nanoseconds)
+
+    def to_bytes(self):
+        """Pack this Timestamp object into bytes.
+
+        Used for pure-Python msgpack packing.
+
+        :returns data: Payload for EXT message with code -1 (timestamp type)
+        :rtype: bytes
+        """
+        if (self.seconds >> 34) == 0:  # seconds is non-negative and fits in 34 bits
+            data64 = self.nanoseconds << 34 | self.seconds
+            if data64 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000 == 0:
+                # nanoseconds is zero and seconds < 2**32, so timestamp 32
+                data = struct.pack("!L", data64)
+            else:
+                # timestamp 64
+                data = struct.pack("!Q", data64)
+        else:
+            # timestamp 96
+            data = struct.pack("!Iq", self.nanoseconds, self.seconds)
+        return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_unix(unix_sec):
+        """Create a Timestamp from posix timestamp in seconds.
+
+        :param unix_float: Posix timestamp in seconds.
+        :type unix_float: int or float.
+        """
+        seconds = int(unix_sec // 1)
+        nanoseconds = int((unix_sec % 1) * 10**9)
+        return Timestamp(seconds, nanoseconds)
+
+    def to_unix(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a floating-point value.
+
+        :returns: posix timestamp
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+        return self.seconds + self.nanoseconds / 1e9
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_unix_nano(unix_ns):
+        """Create a Timestamp from posix timestamp in nanoseconds.
+
+        :param int unix_ns: Posix timestamp in nanoseconds.
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        return Timestamp(*divmod(unix_ns, 10**9))
+
+    def to_unix_nano(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a unixtime in nanoseconds.
+
+        :returns: posix timestamp in nanoseconds
+        :rtype: int
+        """
+        return self.seconds * 10**9 + self.nanoseconds
+
+    def to_datetime(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a UTC datetime.
+
+        Python 2 is not supported.
+
+        :rtype: datetime.
+        """
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0, _utc) + datetime.timedelta(
+            seconds=self.to_unix()
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_datetime(dt):
+        """Create a Timestamp from datetime with tzinfo.
+
+        Python 2 is not supported.
+
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        return Timestamp.from_unix(dt.timestamp())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8cebc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1010 @@
+"""Fallback pure Python implementation of msgpack"""
+from datetime import datetime as _DateTime
+import sys
+import struct
+
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+if PY2:
+    int_types = (int, long)
+
+    def dict_iteritems(d):
+        return d.iteritems()
+
+else:
+    int_types = int
+    unicode = str
+    xrange = range
+
+    def dict_iteritems(d):
+        return d.items()
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+    # Ugly hack...
+    RecursionError = RuntimeError
+
+    def _is_recursionerror(e):
+        return (
+            len(e.args) == 1
+            and isinstance(e.args[0], str)
+            and e.args[0].startswith("maximum recursion depth exceeded")
+        )
+
+else:
+
+    def _is_recursionerror(e):
+        return True
+
+
+if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
+    # StringIO is slow on PyPy, StringIO is faster.  However: PyPy's own
+    # StringBuilder is fastest.
+    from __pypy__ import newlist_hint
+
+    try:
+        from __pypy__.builders import BytesBuilder as StringBuilder
+    except ImportError:
+        from __pypy__.builders import StringBuilder
+    USING_STRINGBUILDER = True
+
+    class StringIO(object):
+        def __init__(self, s=b""):
+            if s:
+                self.builder = StringBuilder(len(s))
+                self.builder.append(s)
+            else:
+                self.builder = StringBuilder()
+
+        def write(self, s):
+            if isinstance(s, memoryview):
+                s = s.tobytes()
+            elif isinstance(s, bytearray):
+                s = bytes(s)
+            self.builder.append(s)
+
+        def getvalue(self):
+            return self.builder.build()
+
+else:
+    USING_STRINGBUILDER = False
+    from io import BytesIO as StringIO
+
+    newlist_hint = lambda size: []
+
+
+from .exceptions import BufferFull, OutOfData, ExtraData, FormatError, StackError
+
+from .ext import ExtType, Timestamp
+
+
+EX_SKIP = 0
+EX_CONSTRUCT = 1
+EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER = 2
+EX_READ_MAP_HEADER = 3
+
+TYPE_IMMEDIATE = 0
+TYPE_ARRAY = 1
+TYPE_MAP = 2
+TYPE_RAW = 3
+TYPE_BIN = 4
+TYPE_EXT = 5
+
+DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT = 511
+
+
+def _check_type_strict(obj, t, type=type, tuple=tuple):
+    if type(t) is tuple:
+        return type(obj) in t
+    else:
+        return type(obj) is t
+
+
+def _get_data_from_buffer(obj):
+    view = memoryview(obj)
+    if view.itemsize != 1:
+        raise ValueError("cannot unpack from multi-byte object")
+    return view
+
+
+def unpackb(packed, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Unpack an object from `packed`.
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``ValueError`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+
+    See :class:`Unpacker` for options.
+    """
+    unpacker = Unpacker(None, max_buffer_size=len(packed), **kwargs)
+    unpacker.feed(packed)
+    try:
+        ret = unpacker._unpack()
+    except OutOfData:
+        raise ValueError("Unpack failed: incomplete input")
+    except RecursionError as e:
+        if _is_recursionerror(e):
+            raise StackError
+        raise
+    if unpacker._got_extradata():
+        raise ExtraData(ret, unpacker._get_extradata())
+    return ret
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 6):
+
+    def _unpack_from(f, b, o=0):
+        """Explicit type cast for legacy struct.unpack_from"""
+        return struct.unpack_from(f, bytes(b), o)
+
+else:
+    _unpack_from = struct.unpack_from
+
+_NO_FORMAT_USED = ""
+_MSGPACK_HEADERS = {
+    0xC4: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED, TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC5: (2, ">H", TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC6: (4, ">I", TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC7: (2, "Bb", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xC8: (3, ">Hb", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xC9: (5, ">Ib", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xCA: (4, ">f"),
+    0xCB: (8, ">d"),
+    0xCC: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED),
+    0xCD: (2, ">H"),
+    0xCE: (4, ">I"),
+    0xCF: (8, ">Q"),
+    0xD0: (1, "b"),
+    0xD1: (2, ">h"),
+    0xD2: (4, ">i"),
+    0xD3: (8, ">q"),
+    0xD4: (1, "b1s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD5: (2, "b2s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD6: (4, "b4s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD7: (8, "b8s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD8: (16, "b16s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD9: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED, TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDA: (2, ">H", TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDB: (4, ">I", TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDC: (2, ">H", TYPE_ARRAY),
+    0xDD: (4, ">I", TYPE_ARRAY),
+    0xDE: (2, ">H", TYPE_MAP),
+    0xDF: (4, ">I", TYPE_MAP),
+}
+
+
+class Unpacker(object):
+    """Streaming unpacker.
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    :param file_like:
+        File-like object having `.read(n)` method.
+        If specified, unpacker reads serialized data from it and :meth:`feed()` is not usable.
+
+    :param int read_size:
+        Used as `file_like.read(read_size)`. (default: `min(16*1024, max_buffer_size)`)
+
+    :param bool use_list:
+        If true, unpack msgpack array to Python list.
+        Otherwise, unpack to Python tuple. (default: True)
+
+    :param bool raw:
+        If true, unpack msgpack raw to Python bytes.
+        Otherwise, unpack to Python str by decoding with UTF-8 encoding (default).
+
+    :param int timestamp:
+        Control how timestamp type is unpacked:
+
+            0 - Timestamp
+            1 - float  (Seconds from the EPOCH)
+            2 - int  (Nanoseconds from the EPOCH)
+            3 - datetime.datetime  (UTC).  Python 2 is not supported.
+
+    :param bool strict_map_key:
+        If true (default), only str or bytes are accepted for map (dict) keys.
+
+    :param callable object_hook:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Unpacker calls it with a dict argument after unpacking msgpack map.
+        (See also simplejson)
+
+    :param callable object_pairs_hook:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Unpacker calls it with a list of key-value pairs after unpacking msgpack map.
+        (See also simplejson)
+
+    :param str unicode_errors:
+        The error handler for decoding unicode. (default: 'strict')
+        This option should be used only when you have msgpack data which
+        contains invalid UTF-8 string.
+
+    :param int max_buffer_size:
+        Limits size of data waiting unpacked.  0 means 2**32-1.
+        The default value is 100*1024*1024 (100MiB).
+        Raises `BufferFull` exception when it is insufficient.
+        You should set this parameter when unpacking data from untrusted source.
+
+    :param int max_str_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max length of str. (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_bin_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max length of bin. (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_array_len:
+        Limits max length of array.
+        (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_map_len:
+        Limits max length of map.
+        (default: max_buffer_size//2)
+
+    :param int max_ext_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max size of ext type.  (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from file-like object::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker(file_like)
+        for o in unpacker:
+            process(o)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from socket::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker()
+        while True:
+            buf = sock.recv(1024**2)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            unpacker.feed(buf)
+            for o in unpacker:
+                process(o)
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``OutOfData`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_like=None,
+        read_size=0,
+        use_list=True,
+        raw=False,
+        timestamp=0,
+        strict_map_key=True,
+        object_hook=None,
+        object_pairs_hook=None,
+        list_hook=None,
+        unicode_errors=None,
+        max_buffer_size=100 * 1024 * 1024,
+        ext_hook=ExtType,
+        max_str_len=-1,
+        max_bin_len=-1,
+        max_array_len=-1,
+        max_map_len=-1,
+        max_ext_len=-1,
+    ):
+        if unicode_errors is None:
+            unicode_errors = "strict"
+
+        if file_like is None:
+            self._feeding = True
+        else:
+            if not callable(file_like.read):
+                raise TypeError("`file_like.read` must be callable")
+            self.file_like = file_like
+            self._feeding = False
+
+        #: array of bytes fed.
+        self._buffer = bytearray()
+        #: Which position we currently reads
+        self._buff_i = 0
+
+        # When Unpacker is used as an iterable, between the calls to next(),
+        # the buffer is not "consumed" completely, for efficiency sake.
+        # Instead, it is done sloppily.  To make sure we raise BufferFull at
+        # the correct moments, we have to keep track of how sloppy we were.
+        # Furthermore, when the buffer is incomplete (that is: in the case
+        # we raise an OutOfData) we need to rollback the buffer to the correct
+        # state, which _buf_checkpoint records.
+        self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        if not max_buffer_size:
+            max_buffer_size = 2**31 - 1
+        if max_str_len == -1:
+            max_str_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_bin_len == -1:
+            max_bin_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_array_len == -1:
+            max_array_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_map_len == -1:
+            max_map_len = max_buffer_size // 2
+        if max_ext_len == -1:
+            max_ext_len = max_buffer_size
+
+        self._max_buffer_size = max_buffer_size
+        if read_size > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise ValueError("read_size must be smaller than max_buffer_size")
+        self._read_size = read_size or min(self._max_buffer_size, 16 * 1024)
+        self._raw = bool(raw)
+        self._strict_map_key = bool(strict_map_key)
+        self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors
+        self._use_list = use_list
+        if not (0 <= timestamp <= 3):
+            raise ValueError("timestamp must be 0..3")
+        self._timestamp = timestamp
+        self._list_hook = list_hook
+        self._object_hook = object_hook
+        self._object_pairs_hook = object_pairs_hook
+        self._ext_hook = ext_hook
+        self._max_str_len = max_str_len
+        self._max_bin_len = max_bin_len
+        self._max_array_len = max_array_len
+        self._max_map_len = max_map_len
+        self._max_ext_len = max_ext_len
+        self._stream_offset = 0
+
+        if list_hook is not None and not callable(list_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`list_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_hook is not None and not callable(object_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`object_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_pairs_hook is not None and not callable(object_pairs_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`object_pairs_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_hook is not None and object_pairs_hook is not None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "object_pairs_hook and object_hook are mutually " "exclusive"
+            )
+        if not callable(ext_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`ext_hook` is not callable")
+
+    def feed(self, next_bytes):
+        assert self._feeding
+        view = _get_data_from_buffer(next_bytes)
+        if len(self._buffer) - self._buff_i + len(view) > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise BufferFull
+
+        # Strip buffer before checkpoint before reading file.
+        if self._buf_checkpoint > 0:
+            del self._buffer[: self._buf_checkpoint]
+            self._buff_i -= self._buf_checkpoint
+            self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        # Use extend here: INPLACE_ADD += doesn't reliably typecast memoryview in jython
+        self._buffer.extend(view)
+
+    def _consume(self):
+        """Gets rid of the used parts of the buffer."""
+        self._stream_offset += self._buff_i - self._buf_checkpoint
+        self._buf_checkpoint = self._buff_i
+
+    def _got_extradata(self):
+        return self._buff_i < len(self._buffer)
+
+    def _get_extradata(self):
+        return self._buffer[self._buff_i :]
+
+    def read_bytes(self, n):
+        ret = self._read(n, raise_outofdata=False)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def _read(self, n, raise_outofdata=True):
+        # (int) -> bytearray
+        self._reserve(n, raise_outofdata=raise_outofdata)
+        i = self._buff_i
+        ret = self._buffer[i : i + n]
+        self._buff_i = i + len(ret)
+        return ret
+
+    def _reserve(self, n, raise_outofdata=True):
+        remain_bytes = len(self._buffer) - self._buff_i - n
+
+        # Fast path: buffer has n bytes already
+        if remain_bytes >= 0:
+            return
+
+        if self._feeding:
+            self._buff_i = self._buf_checkpoint
+            raise OutOfData
+
+        # Strip buffer before checkpoint before reading file.
+        if self._buf_checkpoint > 0:
+            del self._buffer[: self._buf_checkpoint]
+            self._buff_i -= self._buf_checkpoint
+            self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        # Read from file
+        remain_bytes = -remain_bytes
+        if remain_bytes + len(self._buffer) > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise BufferFull
+        while remain_bytes > 0:
+            to_read_bytes = max(self._read_size, remain_bytes)
+            read_data = self.file_like.read(to_read_bytes)
+            if not read_data:
+                break
+            assert isinstance(read_data, bytes)
+            self._buffer += read_data
+            remain_bytes -= len(read_data)
+
+        if len(self._buffer) < n + self._buff_i and raise_outofdata:
+            self._buff_i = 0  # rollback
+            raise OutOfData
+
+    def _read_header(self):
+        typ = TYPE_IMMEDIATE
+        n = 0
+        obj = None
+        self._reserve(1)
+        b = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+        self._buff_i += 1
+        if b & 0b10000000 == 0:
+            obj = b
+        elif b & 0b11100000 == 0b11100000:
+            obj = -1 - (b ^ 0xFF)
+        elif b & 0b11100000 == 0b10100000:
+            n = b & 0b00011111
+            typ = TYPE_RAW
+            if n > self._max_str_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_str_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_str_len))
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif b & 0b11110000 == 0b10010000:
+            n = b & 0b00001111
+            typ = TYPE_ARRAY
+            if n > self._max_array_len:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s exceeds max_array_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_array_len)
+                )
+        elif b & 0b11110000 == 0b10000000:
+            n = b & 0b00001111
+            typ = TYPE_MAP
+            if n > self._max_map_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_map_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_map_len))
+        elif b == 0xC0:
+            obj = None
+        elif b == 0xC2:
+            obj = False
+        elif b == 0xC3:
+            obj = True
+        elif 0xC4 <= b <= 0xC6:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                n = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)[0]
+            else:
+                n = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_bin_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_bin_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_bin_len))
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif 0xC7 <= b <= 0xC9:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            L, n = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if L > self._max_ext_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_ext_len(%s)" % (L, self._max_ext_len))
+            obj = self._read(L)
+        elif 0xCA <= b <= 0xD3:
+            size, fmt = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                obj = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)[0]
+            else:
+                obj = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+        elif 0xD4 <= b <= 0xD8:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            if self._max_ext_len < size:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s exceeds max_ext_len(%s)" % (size, self._max_ext_len)
+                )
+            self._reserve(size + 1)
+            n, obj = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size + 1
+        elif 0xD9 <= b <= 0xDB:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                (n,) = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            else:
+                n = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_str_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_str_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_str_len))
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif 0xDC <= b <= 0xDD:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            (n,) = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_array_len:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s exceeds max_array_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_array_len)
+                )
+        elif 0xDE <= b <= 0xDF:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            (n,) = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_map_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_map_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_map_len))
+        else:
+            raise FormatError("Unknown header: 0x%x" % b)
+        return typ, n, obj
+
+    def _unpack(self, execute=EX_CONSTRUCT):
+        typ, n, obj = self._read_header()
+
+        if execute == EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER:
+            if typ != TYPE_ARRAY:
+                raise ValueError("Expected array")
+            return n
+        if execute == EX_READ_MAP_HEADER:
+            if typ != TYPE_MAP:
+                raise ValueError("Expected map")
+            return n
+        # TODO should we eliminate the recursion?
+        if typ == TYPE_ARRAY:
+            if execute == EX_SKIP:
+                for i in xrange(n):
+                    # TODO check whether we need to call `list_hook`
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                return
+            ret = newlist_hint(n)
+            for i in xrange(n):
+                ret.append(self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT))
+            if self._list_hook is not None:
+                ret = self._list_hook(ret)
+            # TODO is the interaction between `list_hook` and `use_list` ok?
+            return ret if self._use_list else tuple(ret)
+        if typ == TYPE_MAP:
+            if execute == EX_SKIP:
+                for i in xrange(n):
+                    # TODO check whether we need to call hooks
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                return
+            if self._object_pairs_hook is not None:
+                ret = self._object_pairs_hook(
+                    (self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT), self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT))
+                    for _ in xrange(n)
+                )
+            else:
+                ret = {}
+                for _ in xrange(n):
+                    key = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                    if self._strict_map_key and type(key) not in (unicode, bytes):
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "%s is not allowed for map key" % str(type(key))
+                        )
+                    if not PY2 and type(key) is str:
+                        key = sys.intern(key)
+                    ret[key] = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                if self._object_hook is not None:
+                    ret = self._object_hook(ret)
+            return ret
+        if execute == EX_SKIP:
+            return
+        if typ == TYPE_RAW:
+            if self._raw:
+                obj = bytes(obj)
+            else:
+                obj = obj.decode("utf_8", self._unicode_errors)
+            return obj
+        if typ == TYPE_BIN:
+            return bytes(obj)
+        if typ == TYPE_EXT:
+            if n == -1:  # timestamp
+                ts = Timestamp.from_bytes(bytes(obj))
+                if self._timestamp == 1:
+                    return ts.to_unix()
+                elif self._timestamp == 2:
+                    return ts.to_unix_nano()
+                elif self._timestamp == 3:
+                    return ts.to_datetime()
+                else:
+                    return ts
+            else:
+                return self._ext_hook(n, bytes(obj))
+        assert typ == TYPE_IMMEDIATE
+        return obj
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        try:
+            ret = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+            self._consume()
+            return ret
+        except OutOfData:
+            self._consume()
+            raise StopIteration
+        except RecursionError:
+            raise StackError
+
+    next = __next__
+
+    def skip(self):
+        self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+        self._consume()
+
+    def unpack(self):
+        try:
+            ret = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+        except RecursionError:
+            raise StackError
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def read_array_header(self):
+        ret = self._unpack(EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def read_map_header(self):
+        ret = self._unpack(EX_READ_MAP_HEADER)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def tell(self):
+        return self._stream_offset
+
+
+class Packer(object):
+    """
+    MessagePack Packer
+
+    Usage::
+
+        packer = Packer()
+        astream.write(packer.pack(a))
+        astream.write(packer.pack(b))
+
+    Packer's constructor has some keyword arguments:
+
+    :param callable default:
+        Convert user type to builtin type that Packer supports.
+        See also simplejson's document.
+
+    :param bool use_single_float:
+        Use single precision float type for float. (default: False)
+
+    :param bool autoreset:
+        Reset buffer after each pack and return its content as `bytes`. (default: True).
+        If set this to false, use `bytes()` to get content and `.reset()` to clear buffer.
+
+    :param bool use_bin_type:
+        Use bin type introduced in msgpack spec 2.0 for bytes.
+        It also enables str8 type for unicode. (default: True)
+
+    :param bool strict_types:
+        If set to true, types will be checked to be exact. Derived classes
+        from serializable types will not be serialized and will be
+        treated as unsupported type and forwarded to default.
+        Additionally tuples will not be serialized as lists.
+        This is useful when trying to implement accurate serialization
+        for python types.
+
+    :param bool datetime:
+        If set to true, datetime with tzinfo is packed into Timestamp type.
+        Note that the tzinfo is stripped in the timestamp.
+        You can get UTC datetime with `timestamp=3` option of the Unpacker.
+        (Python 2 is not supported).
+
+    :param str unicode_errors:
+        The error handler for encoding unicode. (default: 'strict')
+        DO NOT USE THIS!!  This option is kept for very specific usage.
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from file-like object::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker(file_like)
+        for o in unpacker:
+            process(o)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from socket::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker()
+        while True:
+            buf = sock.recv(1024**2)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            unpacker.feed(buf)
+            for o in unpacker:
+                process(o)
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``OutOfData`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default=None,
+        use_single_float=False,
+        autoreset=True,
+        use_bin_type=True,
+        strict_types=False,
+        datetime=False,
+        unicode_errors=None,
+    ):
+        self._strict_types = strict_types
+        self._use_float = use_single_float
+        self._autoreset = autoreset
+        self._use_bin_type = use_bin_type
+        self._buffer = StringIO()
+        if PY2 and datetime:
+            raise ValueError("datetime is not supported in Python 2")
+        self._datetime = bool(datetime)
+        self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors or "strict"
+        if default is not None:
+            if not callable(default):
+                raise TypeError("default must be callable")
+        self._default = default
+
+    def _pack(
+        self,
+        obj,
+        nest_limit=DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT,
+        check=isinstance,
+        check_type_strict=_check_type_strict,
+    ):
+        default_used = False
+        if self._strict_types:
+            check = check_type_strict
+            list_types = list
+        else:
+            list_types = (list, tuple)
+        while True:
+            if nest_limit < 0:
+                raise ValueError("recursion limit exceeded")
+            if obj is None:
+                return self._buffer.write(b"\xc0")
+            if check(obj, bool):
+                if obj:
+                    return self._buffer.write(b"\xc3")
+                return self._buffer.write(b"\xc2")
+            if check(obj, int_types):
+                if 0 <= obj < 0x80:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", obj))
+                if -0x20 <= obj < 0:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("b", obj))
+                if 0x80 <= obj <= 0xFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("BB", 0xCC, obj))
+                if -0x80 <= obj < 0:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bb", 0xD0, obj))
+                if 0xFF < obj <= 0xFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xCD, obj))
+                if -0x8000 <= obj < -0x80:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bh", 0xD1, obj))
+                if 0xFFFF < obj <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xCE, obj))
+                if -0x80000000 <= obj < -0x8000:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bi", 0xD2, obj))
+                if 0xFFFFFFFF < obj <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BQ", 0xCF, obj))
+                if -0x8000000000000000 <= obj < -0x80000000:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bq", 0xD3, obj))
+                if not default_used and self._default is not None:
+                    obj = self._default(obj)
+                    default_used = True
+                    continue
+                raise OverflowError("Integer value out of range")
+            if check(obj, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                n = len(obj)
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("%s is too large" % type(obj).__name__)
+                self._pack_bin_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, unicode):
+                obj = obj.encode("utf-8", self._unicode_errors)
+                n = len(obj)
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("String is too large")
+                self._pack_raw_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, memoryview):
+                n = obj.nbytes
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("Memoryview is too large")
+                self._pack_bin_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, float):
+                if self._use_float:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bf", 0xCA, obj))
+                return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bd", 0xCB, obj))
+            if check(obj, (ExtType, Timestamp)):
+                if check(obj, Timestamp):
+                    code = -1
+                    data = obj.to_bytes()
+                else:
+                    code = obj.code
+                    data = obj.data
+                assert isinstance(code, int)
+                assert isinstance(data, bytes)
+                L = len(data)
+                if L == 1:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd4")
+                elif L == 2:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd5")
+                elif L == 4:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd6")
+                elif L == 8:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd7")
+                elif L == 16:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd8")
+                elif L <= 0xFF:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xC7, L))
+                elif L <= 0xFFFF:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xC8, L))
+                else:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xC9, L))
+                self._buffer.write(struct.pack("b", code))
+                self._buffer.write(data)
+                return
+            if check(obj, list_types):
+                n = len(obj)
+                self._pack_array_header(n)
+                for i in xrange(n):
+                    self._pack(obj[i], nest_limit - 1)
+                return
+            if check(obj, dict):
+                return self._pack_map_pairs(
+                    len(obj), dict_iteritems(obj), nest_limit - 1
+                )
+
+            if self._datetime and check(obj, _DateTime) and obj.tzinfo is not None:
+                obj = Timestamp.from_datetime(obj)
+                default_used = 1
+                continue
+
+            if not default_used and self._default is not None:
+                obj = self._default(obj)
+                default_used = 1
+                continue
+
+            if self._datetime and check(obj, _DateTime):
+                raise ValueError("Cannot serialize %r where tzinfo=None" % (obj,))
+
+            raise TypeError("Cannot serialize %r" % (obj,))
+
+    def pack(self, obj):
+        try:
+            self._pack(obj)
+        except:
+            self._buffer = StringIO()  # force reset
+            raise
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_map_pairs(self, pairs):
+        self._pack_map_pairs(len(pairs), pairs)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_array_header(self, n):
+        if n >= 2**32:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._pack_array_header(n)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_map_header(self, n):
+        if n >= 2**32:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._pack_map_header(n)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_ext_type(self, typecode, data):
+        if not isinstance(typecode, int):
+            raise TypeError("typecode must have int type.")
+        if not 0 <= typecode <= 127:
+            raise ValueError("typecode should be 0-127")
+        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("data must have bytes type")
+        L = len(data)
+        if L > 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            raise ValueError("Too large data")
+        if L == 1:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd4")
+        elif L == 2:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd5")
+        elif L == 4:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd6")
+        elif L == 8:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd7")
+        elif L == 16:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd8")
+        elif L <= 0xFF:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc7" + struct.pack("B", L))
+        elif L <= 0xFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc8" + struct.pack(">H", L))
+        else:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc9" + struct.pack(">I", L))
+        self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", typecode))
+        self._buffer.write(data)
+
+    def _pack_array_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x0F:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0x90 + n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDC, n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDD, n))
+        raise ValueError("Array is too large")
+
+    def _pack_map_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x0F:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0x80 + n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDE, n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDF, n))
+        raise ValueError("Dict is too large")
+
+    def _pack_map_pairs(self, n, pairs, nest_limit=DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT):
+        self._pack_map_header(n)
+        for (k, v) in pairs:
+            self._pack(k, nest_limit - 1)
+            self._pack(v, nest_limit - 1)
+
+    def _pack_raw_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x1F:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0xA0 + n))
+        elif self._use_bin_type and n <= 0xFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xD9, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDA, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDB, n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Raw is too large")
+
+    def _pack_bin_header(self, n):
+        if not self._use_bin_type:
+            return self._pack_raw_header(n)
+        elif n <= 0xFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xC4, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xC5, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xC6, n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Bin is too large")
+
+    def bytes(self):
+        """Return internal buffer contents as bytes object"""
+        return self._buffer.getvalue()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Reset internal buffer.
+
+        This method is useful only when autoreset=False.
+        """
+        self._buffer = StringIO()
+
+    def getbuffer(self):
+        """Return view of internal buffer."""
+        if USING_STRINGBUILDER or PY2:
+            return memoryview(self.bytes())
+        else:
+            return self._buffer.getbuffer()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3551bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__title__",
+    "__summary__",
+    "__uri__",
+    "__version__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+]
+
+__title__ = "packaging"
+__summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages"
+__uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging"
+
+__version__ = "21.3"
+
+__author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors"
+__email__ = "donald@stufft.io"
+
+__license__ = "BSD-2-Clause or Apache-2.0"
+__copyright__ = "2014-2019 %s" % __author__
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c50c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from .__about__ import (
+    __author__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __email__,
+    __license__,
+    __summary__,
+    __title__,
+    __uri__,
+    __version__,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__title__",
+    "__summary__",
+    "__uri__",
+    "__version__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c379aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import collections
+import functools
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import IO, Dict, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+# Python does not provide platform information at sufficient granularity to
+# identify the architecture of the running executable in some cases, so we
+# determine it dynamically by reading the information from the running
+# process. This only applies on Linux, which uses the ELF format.
+class _ELFFileHeader:
+    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format#File_header
+    class _InvalidELFFileHeader(ValueError):
+        """
+        An invalid ELF file header was found.
+        """
+
+    ELF_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x7F454C46
+    ELFCLASS32 = 1
+    ELFCLASS64 = 2
+    ELFDATA2LSB = 1
+    ELFDATA2MSB = 2
+    EM_386 = 3
+    EM_S390 = 22
+    EM_ARM = 40
+    EM_X86_64 = 62
+    EF_ARM_ABIMASK = 0xFF000000
+    EF_ARM_ABI_VER5 = 0x05000000
+    EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD = 0x00000400
+
+    def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        def unpack(fmt: str) -> int:
+            try:
+                data = file.read(struct.calcsize(fmt))
+                result: Tuple[int, ...] = struct.unpack(fmt, data)
+            except struct.error:
+                raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+            return result[0]
+
+        self.e_ident_magic = unpack(">I")
+        if self.e_ident_magic != self.ELF_MAGIC_NUMBER:
+            raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+        self.e_ident_class = unpack("B")
+        if self.e_ident_class not in {self.ELFCLASS32, self.ELFCLASS64}:
+            raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+        self.e_ident_data = unpack("B")
+        if self.e_ident_data not in {self.ELFDATA2LSB, self.ELFDATA2MSB}:
+            raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+        self.e_ident_version = unpack("B")
+        self.e_ident_osabi = unpack("B")
+        self.e_ident_abiversion = unpack("B")
+        self.e_ident_pad = file.read(7)
+        format_h = "<H" if self.e_ident_data == self.ELFDATA2LSB else ">H"
+        format_i = "<I" if self.e_ident_data == self.ELFDATA2LSB else ">I"
+        format_q = "<Q" if self.e_ident_data == self.ELFDATA2LSB else ">Q"
+        format_p = format_i if self.e_ident_class == self.ELFCLASS32 else format_q
+        self.e_type = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_machine = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_version = unpack(format_i)
+        self.e_entry = unpack(format_p)
+        self.e_phoff = unpack(format_p)
+        self.e_shoff = unpack(format_p)
+        self.e_flags = unpack(format_i)
+        self.e_ehsize = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_phentsize = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_phnum = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_shentsize = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_shnum = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_shstrndx = unpack(format_h)
+
+
+def _get_elf_header() -> Optional[_ELFFileHeader]:
+    try:
+        with open(sys.executable, "rb") as f:
+            elf_header = _ELFFileHeader(f)
+    except (OSError, TypeError, _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader):
+        return None
+    return elf_header
+
+
+def _is_linux_armhf() -> bool:
+    # hard-float ABI can be detected from the ELF header of the running
+    # process
+    # https://static.docs.arm.com/ihi0044/g/aaelf32.pdf
+    elf_header = _get_elf_header()
+    if elf_header is None:
+        return False
+    result = elf_header.e_ident_class == elf_header.ELFCLASS32
+    result &= elf_header.e_ident_data == elf_header.ELFDATA2LSB
+    result &= elf_header.e_machine == elf_header.EM_ARM
+    result &= (
+        elf_header.e_flags & elf_header.EF_ARM_ABIMASK
+    ) == elf_header.EF_ARM_ABI_VER5
+    result &= (
+        elf_header.e_flags & elf_header.EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD
+    ) == elf_header.EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD
+    return result
+
+
+def _is_linux_i686() -> bool:
+    elf_header = _get_elf_header()
+    if elf_header is None:
+        return False
+    result = elf_header.e_ident_class == elf_header.ELFCLASS32
+    result &= elf_header.e_ident_data == elf_header.ELFDATA2LSB
+    result &= elf_header.e_machine == elf_header.EM_386
+    return result
+
+
+def _have_compatible_abi(arch: str) -> bool:
+    if arch == "armv7l":
+        return _is_linux_armhf()
+    if arch == "i686":
+        return _is_linux_i686()
+    return arch in {"x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64", "ppc64le", "s390x"}
+
+
+# If glibc ever changes its major version, we need to know what the last
+# minor version was, so we can build the complete list of all versions.
+# For now, guess what the highest minor version might be, assume it will
+# be 50 for testing. Once this actually happens, update the dictionary
+# with the actual value.
+_LAST_GLIBC_MINOR: Dict[int, int] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 50)
+
+
+class _GLibCVersion(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string_confstr() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr.
+    """
+    # os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
+    # to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
+    # platform module.
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
+    try:
+        # os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION") returns a string like "glibc 2.17".
+        version_string = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        assert version_string is not None
+        _, version = version_string.split()
+    except (AssertionError, AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
+        # os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
+        return None
+    return version
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string_ctypes() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes.
+    """
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    # ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
+    # manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
+    # main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
+    # which libc our process is actually using.
+    #
+    # We must also handle the special case where the executable is not a
+    # dynamically linked executable. This can occur when using musl libc,
+    # for example. In this situation, dlopen() will error, leading to an
+    # OSError. Interestingly, at least in the case of musl, there is no
+    # errno set on the OSError. The single string argument used to construct
+    # OSError comes from libc itself and is therefore not portable to
+    # hard code here. In any case, failure to call dlopen() means we
+    # can proceed, so we bail on our attempt.
+    try:
+        process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
+        # glibc.
+        return None
+
+    # Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
+    gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+    version_str: str = gnu_get_libc_version()
+    # py2 / py3 compatibility:
+    if not isinstance(version_str, str):
+        version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
+
+    return version_str
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string() -> Optional[str]:
+    """Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."""
+    return _glibc_version_string_confstr() or _glibc_version_string_ctypes()
+
+
+def _parse_glibc_version(version_str: str) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    """Parse glibc version.
+
+    We use a regexp instead of str.split because we want to discard any
+    random junk that might come after the minor version -- this might happen
+    in patched/forked versions of glibc (e.g. Linaro's version of glibc
+    uses version strings like "2.20-2014.11"). See gh-3588.
+    """
+    m = re.match(r"(?P<major>[0-9]+)\.(?P<minor>[0-9]+)", version_str)
+    if not m:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Expected glibc version with 2 components major.minor,"
+            " got: %s" % version_str,
+            RuntimeWarning,
+        )
+        return -1, -1
+    return int(m.group("major")), int(m.group("minor"))
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def _get_glibc_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    version_str = _glibc_version_string()
+    if version_str is None:
+        return (-1, -1)
+    return _parse_glibc_version(version_str)
+
+
+# From PEP 513, PEP 600
+def _is_compatible(name: str, arch: str, version: _GLibCVersion) -> bool:
+    sys_glibc = _get_glibc_version()
+    if sys_glibc < version:
+        return False
+    # Check for presence of _manylinux module.
+    try:
+        import _manylinux  # noqa
+    except ImportError:
+        return True
+    if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux_compatible"):
+        result = _manylinux.manylinux_compatible(version[0], version[1], arch)
+        if result is not None:
+            return bool(result)
+        return True
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 5):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux1_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux1_compatible)
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 12):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux2010_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux2010_compatible)
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 17):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux2014_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux2014_compatible)
+    return True
+
+
+_LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP = {
+    # CentOS 7 w/ glibc 2.17 (PEP 599)
+    (2, 17): "manylinux2014",
+    # CentOS 6 w/ glibc 2.12 (PEP 571)
+    (2, 12): "manylinux2010",
+    # CentOS 5 w/ glibc 2.5 (PEP 513)
+    (2, 5): "manylinux1",
+}
+
+
+def platform_tags(linux: str, arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    if not _have_compatible_abi(arch):
+        return
+    # Oldest glibc to be supported regardless of architecture is (2, 17).
+    too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 16)
+    if arch in {"x86_64", "i686"}:
+        # On x86/i686 also oldest glibc to be supported is (2, 5).
+        too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 4)
+    current_glibc = _GLibCVersion(*_get_glibc_version())
+    glibc_max_list = [current_glibc]
+    # We can assume compatibility across glibc major versions.
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=24636
+    #
+    # Build a list of maximum glibc versions so that we can
+    # output the canonical list of all glibc from current_glibc
+    # down to too_old_glibc2, including all intermediary versions.
+    for glibc_major in range(current_glibc.major - 1, 1, -1):
+        glibc_minor = _LAST_GLIBC_MINOR[glibc_major]
+        glibc_max_list.append(_GLibCVersion(glibc_major, glibc_minor))
+    for glibc_max in glibc_max_list:
+        if glibc_max.major == too_old_glibc2.major:
+            min_minor = too_old_glibc2.minor
+        else:
+            # For other glibc major versions oldest supported is (x, 0).
+            min_minor = -1
+        for glibc_minor in range(glibc_max.minor, min_minor, -1):
+            glibc_version = _GLibCVersion(glibc_max.major, glibc_minor)
+            tag = "manylinux_{}_{}".format(*glibc_version)
+            if _is_compatible(tag, arch, glibc_version):
+                yield linux.replace("linux", tag)
+            # Handle the legacy manylinux1, manylinux2010, manylinux2014 tags.
+            if glibc_version in _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP:
+                legacy_tag = _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP[glibc_version]
+                if _is_compatible(legacy_tag, arch, glibc_version):
+                    yield linux.replace("linux", legacy_tag)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ac3059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""PEP 656 support.
+
+This module implements logic to detect if the currently running Python is
+linked against musl, and what musl version is used.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import operator
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import IO, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def _read_unpacked(f: IO[bytes], fmt: str) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    return struct.unpack(fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(fmt)))
+
+
+def _parse_ld_musl_from_elf(f: IO[bytes]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Detect musl libc location by parsing the Python executable.
+
+    Based on: https://gist.github.com/lyssdod/f51579ae8d93c8657a5564aefc2ffbca
+    ELF header: https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/elf/gabi4+/ch4.eheader.html
+    """
+    f.seek(0)
+    try:
+        ident = _read_unpacked(f, "16B")
+    except struct.error:
+        return None
+    if ident[:4] != tuple(b"\x7fELF"):  # Invalid magic, not ELF.
+        return None
+    f.seek(struct.calcsize("HHI"), 1)  # Skip file type, machine, and version.
+
+    try:
+        # e_fmt: Format for program header.
+        # p_fmt: Format for section header.
+        # p_idx: Indexes to find p_type, p_offset, and p_filesz.
+        e_fmt, p_fmt, p_idx = {
+            1: ("IIIIHHH", "IIIIIIII", (0, 1, 4)),  # 32-bit.
+            2: ("QQQIHHH", "IIQQQQQQ", (0, 2, 5)),  # 64-bit.
+        }[ident[4]]
+    except KeyError:
+        return None
+    else:
+        p_get = operator.itemgetter(*p_idx)
+
+    # Find the interpreter section and return its content.
+    try:
+        _, e_phoff, _, _, _, e_phentsize, e_phnum = _read_unpacked(f, e_fmt)
+    except struct.error:
+        return None
+    for i in range(e_phnum + 1):
+        f.seek(e_phoff + e_phentsize * i)
+        try:
+            p_type, p_offset, p_filesz = p_get(_read_unpacked(f, p_fmt))
+        except struct.error:
+            return None
+        if p_type != 3:  # Not PT_INTERP.
+            continue
+        f.seek(p_offset)
+        interpreter = os.fsdecode(f.read(p_filesz)).strip("\0")
+        if "musl" not in interpreter:
+            return None
+        return interpreter
+    return None
+
+
+class _MuslVersion(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+
+
+def _parse_musl_version(output: str) -> Optional[_MuslVersion]:
+    lines = [n for n in (n.strip() for n in output.splitlines()) if n]
+    if len(lines) < 2 or lines[0][:4] != "musl":
+        return None
+    m = re.match(r"Version (\d+)\.(\d+)", lines[1])
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    return _MuslVersion(major=int(m.group(1)), minor=int(m.group(2)))
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def _get_musl_version(executable: str) -> Optional[_MuslVersion]:
+    """Detect currently-running musl runtime version.
+
+    This is done by checking the specified executable's dynamic linking
+    information, and invoking the loader to parse its output for a version
+    string. If the loader is musl, the output would be something like::
+
+        musl libc (x86_64)
+        Version 1.2.2
+        Dynamic Program Loader
+    """
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+        try:
+            f = stack.enter_context(open(executable, "rb"))
+        except OSError:
+            return None
+        ld = _parse_ld_musl_from_elf(f)
+    if not ld:
+        return None
+    proc = subprocess.run([ld], stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
+    return _parse_musl_version(proc.stderr)
+
+
+def platform_tags(arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """Generate musllinux tags compatible to the current platform.
+
+    :param arch: Should be the part of platform tag after the ``linux_``
+        prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``. The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a
+        prerequisite for the current platform to be musllinux-compatible.
+
+    :returns: An iterator of compatible musllinux tags.
+    """
+    sys_musl = _get_musl_version(sys.executable)
+    if sys_musl is None:  # Python not dynamically linked against musl.
+        return
+    for minor in range(sys_musl.minor, -1, -1):
+        yield f"musllinux_{sys_musl.major}_{minor}_{arch}"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sysconfig
+
+    plat = sysconfig.get_platform()
+    assert plat.startswith("linux-"), "not linux"
+
+    print("plat:", plat)
+    print("musl:", _get_musl_version(sys.executable))
+    print("tags:", end=" ")
+    for t in platform_tags(re.sub(r"[.-]", "_", plat.split("-", 1)[-1])):
+        print(t, end="\n      ")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90a6465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+
+class InfinityType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __neg__(self: object) -> "NegativeInfinityType":
+        return NegativeInfinity
+
+
+Infinity = InfinityType()
+
+
+class NegativeInfinityType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "-Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __neg__(self: object) -> InfinityType:
+        return Infinity
+
+
+NegativeInfinity = NegativeInfinityType()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..540e7a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import operator
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.pyparsing import (  # noqa: N817
+    Forward,
+    Group,
+    Literal as L,
+    ParseException,
+    ParseResults,
+    QuotedString,
+    ZeroOrMore,
+    stringEnd,
+    stringStart,
+)
+
+from .specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, Specifier
+
+__all__ = [
+    "InvalidMarker",
+    "UndefinedComparison",
+    "UndefinedEnvironmentName",
+    "Marker",
+    "default_environment",
+]
+
+Operator = Callable[[str, str], bool]
+
+
+class InvalidMarker(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedComparison(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedEnvironmentName(ValueError):
+    """
+    A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the
+    environment.
+    """
+
+
+class Node:
+    def __init__(self, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}('{self}')>"
+
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class Variable(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Value(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return f'"{self}"'
+
+
+class Op(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+VARIABLE = (
+    L("implementation_version")
+    | L("platform_python_implementation")
+    | L("implementation_name")
+    | L("python_full_version")
+    | L("platform_release")
+    | L("platform_version")
+    | L("platform_machine")
+    | L("platform_system")
+    | L("python_version")
+    | L("sys_platform")
+    | L("os_name")
+    | L("os.name")  # PEP-345
+    | L("sys.platform")  # PEP-345
+    | L("platform.version")  # PEP-345
+    | L("platform.machine")  # PEP-345
+    | L("platform.python_implementation")  # PEP-345
+    | L("python_implementation")  # undocumented setuptools legacy
+    | L("extra")  # PEP-508
+)
+ALIASES = {
+    "os.name": "os_name",
+    "sys.platform": "sys_platform",
+    "platform.version": "platform_version",
+    "platform.machine": "platform_machine",
+    "platform.python_implementation": "platform_python_implementation",
+    "python_implementation": "platform_python_implementation",
+}
+VARIABLE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Variable(ALIASES.get(t[0], t[0])))
+
+VERSION_CMP = (
+    L("===") | L("==") | L(">=") | L("<=") | L("!=") | L("~=") | L(">") | L("<")
+)
+
+MARKER_OP = VERSION_CMP | L("not in") | L("in")
+MARKER_OP.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Op(t[0]))
+
+MARKER_VALUE = QuotedString("'") | QuotedString('"')
+MARKER_VALUE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Value(t[0]))
+
+BOOLOP = L("and") | L("or")
+
+MARKER_VAR = VARIABLE | MARKER_VALUE
+
+MARKER_ITEM = Group(MARKER_VAR + MARKER_OP + MARKER_VAR)
+MARKER_ITEM.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: tuple(t[0]))
+
+LPAREN = L("(").suppress()
+RPAREN = L(")").suppress()
+
+MARKER_EXPR = Forward()
+MARKER_ATOM = MARKER_ITEM | Group(LPAREN + MARKER_EXPR + RPAREN)
+MARKER_EXPR << MARKER_ATOM + ZeroOrMore(BOOLOP + MARKER_EXPR)
+
+MARKER = stringStart + MARKER_EXPR + stringEnd
+
+
+def _coerce_parse_result(results: Union[ParseResults, List[Any]]) -> List[Any]:
+    if isinstance(results, ParseResults):
+        return [_coerce_parse_result(i) for i in results]
+    else:
+        return results
+
+
+def _format_marker(
+    marker: Union[List[str], Tuple[Node, ...], str], first: Optional[bool] = True
+) -> str:
+
+    assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))
+
+    # Sometimes we have a structure like [[...]] which is a single item list
+    # where the single item is itself it's own list. In that case we want skip
+    # the rest of this function so that we don't get extraneous () on the
+    # outside.
+    if (
+        isinstance(marker, list)
+        and len(marker) == 1
+        and isinstance(marker[0], (list, tuple))
+    ):
+        return _format_marker(marker[0])
+
+    if isinstance(marker, list):
+        inner = (_format_marker(m, first=False) for m in marker)
+        if first:
+            return " ".join(inner)
+        else:
+            return "(" + " ".join(inner) + ")"
+    elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+        return " ".join([m.serialize() for m in marker])
+    else:
+        return marker
+
+
+_operators: Dict[str, Operator] = {
+    "in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs in rhs,
+    "not in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs not in rhs,
+    "<": operator.lt,
+    "<=": operator.le,
+    "==": operator.eq,
+    "!=": operator.ne,
+    ">=": operator.ge,
+    ">": operator.gt,
+}
+
+
+def _eval_op(lhs: str, op: Op, rhs: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        spec = Specifier("".join([op.serialize(), rhs]))
+    except InvalidSpecifier:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return spec.contains(lhs)
+
+    oper: Optional[Operator] = _operators.get(op.serialize())
+    if oper is None:
+        raise UndefinedComparison(f"Undefined {op!r} on {lhs!r} and {rhs!r}.")
+
+    return oper(lhs, rhs)
+
+
+class Undefined:
+    pass
+
+
+_undefined = Undefined()
+
+
+def _get_env(environment: Dict[str, str], name: str) -> str:
+    value: Union[str, Undefined] = environment.get(name, _undefined)
+
+    if isinstance(value, Undefined):
+        raise UndefinedEnvironmentName(
+            f"{name!r} does not exist in evaluation environment."
+        )
+
+    return value
+
+
+def _evaluate_markers(markers: List[Any], environment: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+    groups: List[List[bool]] = [[]]
+
+    for marker in markers:
+        assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))
+
+        if isinstance(marker, list):
+            groups[-1].append(_evaluate_markers(marker, environment))
+        elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+            lhs, op, rhs = marker
+
+            if isinstance(lhs, Variable):
+                lhs_value = _get_env(environment, lhs.value)
+                rhs_value = rhs.value
+            else:
+                lhs_value = lhs.value
+                rhs_value = _get_env(environment, rhs.value)
+
+            groups[-1].append(_eval_op(lhs_value, op, rhs_value))
+        else:
+            assert marker in ["and", "or"]
+            if marker == "or":
+                groups.append([])
+
+    return any(all(item) for item in groups)
+
+
+def format_full_version(info: "sys._version_info") -> str:
+    version = "{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}".format(info)
+    kind = info.releaselevel
+    if kind != "final":
+        version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+    return version
+
+
+def default_environment() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    iver = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version)
+    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    return {
+        "implementation_name": implementation_name,
+        "implementation_version": iver,
+        "os_name": os.name,
+        "platform_machine": platform.machine(),
+        "platform_release": platform.release(),
+        "platform_system": platform.system(),
+        "platform_version": platform.version(),
+        "python_full_version": platform.python_version(),
+        "platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(),
+        "python_version": ".".join(platform.python_version_tuple()[:2]),
+        "sys_platform": sys.platform,
+    }
+
+
+class Marker:
+    def __init__(self, marker: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._markers = _coerce_parse_result(MARKER.parseString(marker))
+        except ParseException as e:
+            raise InvalidMarker(
+                f"Invalid marker: {marker!r}, parse error at "
+                f"{marker[e.loc : e.loc + 8]!r}"
+            )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return _format_marker(self._markers)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Marker('{self}')>"
+
+    def evaluate(self, environment: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None) -> bool:
+        """Evaluate a marker.
+
+        Return the boolean from evaluating the given marker against the
+        environment. environment is an optional argument to override all or
+        part of the determined environment.
+
+        The environment is determined from the current Python process.
+        """
+        current_environment = default_environment()
+        if environment is not None:
+            current_environment.update(environment)
+
+        return _evaluate_markers(self._markers, current_environment)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eab7dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import re
+import string
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import List, Optional as TOptional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.pyparsing import (  # noqa
+    Combine,
+    Literal as L,
+    Optional,
+    ParseException,
+    Regex,
+    Word,
+    ZeroOrMore,
+    originalTextFor,
+    stringEnd,
+    stringStart,
+)
+
+from .markers import MARKER_EXPR, Marker
+from .specifiers import LegacySpecifier, Specifier, SpecifierSet
+
+
+class InvalidRequirement(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid requirement was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+ALPHANUM = Word(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
+
+LBRACKET = L("[").suppress()
+RBRACKET = L("]").suppress()
+LPAREN = L("(").suppress()
+RPAREN = L(")").suppress()
+COMMA = L(",").suppress()
+SEMICOLON = L(";").suppress()
+AT = L("@").suppress()
+
+PUNCTUATION = Word("-_.")
+IDENTIFIER_END = ALPHANUM | (ZeroOrMore(PUNCTUATION) + ALPHANUM)
+IDENTIFIER = Combine(ALPHANUM + ZeroOrMore(IDENTIFIER_END))
+
+NAME = IDENTIFIER("name")
+EXTRA = IDENTIFIER
+
+URI = Regex(r"[^ ]+")("url")
+URL = AT + URI
+
+EXTRAS_LIST = EXTRA + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + EXTRA)
+EXTRAS = (LBRACKET + Optional(EXTRAS_LIST) + RBRACKET)("extras")
+
+VERSION_PEP440 = Regex(Specifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+VERSION_LEGACY = Regex(LegacySpecifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+VERSION_ONE = VERSION_PEP440 ^ VERSION_LEGACY
+VERSION_MANY = Combine(
+    VERSION_ONE + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + VERSION_ONE), joinString=",", adjacent=False
+)("_raw_spec")
+_VERSION_SPEC = Optional((LPAREN + VERSION_MANY + RPAREN) | VERSION_MANY)
+_VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t._raw_spec or "")
+
+VERSION_SPEC = originalTextFor(_VERSION_SPEC)("specifier")
+VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t[1])
+
+MARKER_EXPR = originalTextFor(MARKER_EXPR())("marker")
+MARKER_EXPR.setParseAction(
+    lambda s, l, t: Marker(s[t._original_start : t._original_end])
+)
+MARKER_SEPARATOR = SEMICOLON
+MARKER = MARKER_SEPARATOR + MARKER_EXPR
+
+VERSION_AND_MARKER = VERSION_SPEC + Optional(MARKER)
+URL_AND_MARKER = URL + Optional(MARKER)
+
+NAMED_REQUIREMENT = NAME + Optional(EXTRAS) + (URL_AND_MARKER | VERSION_AND_MARKER)
+
+REQUIREMENT = stringStart + NAMED_REQUIREMENT + stringEnd
+# pyparsing isn't thread safe during initialization, so we do it eagerly, see
+# issue #104
+REQUIREMENT.parseString("x[]")
+
+
+class Requirement:
+    """Parse a requirement.
+
+    Parse a given requirement string into its parts, such as name, specifier,
+    URL, and extras. Raises InvalidRequirement on a badly-formed requirement
+    string.
+    """
+
+    # TODO: Can we test whether something is contained within a requirement?
+    #       If so how do we do that? Do we need to test against the _name_ of
+    #       the thing as well as the version? What about the markers?
+    # TODO: Can we normalize the name and extra name?
+
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            req = REQUIREMENT.parseString(requirement_string)
+        except ParseException as e:
+            raise InvalidRequirement(
+                f'Parse error at "{ requirement_string[e.loc : e.loc + 8]!r}": {e.msg}'
+            )
+
+        self.name: str = req.name
+        if req.url:
+            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(req.url)
+            if parsed_url.scheme == "file":
+                if urllib.parse.urlunparse(parsed_url) != req.url:
+                    raise InvalidRequirement("Invalid URL given")
+            elif not (parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc) or (
+                not parsed_url.scheme and not parsed_url.netloc
+            ):
+                raise InvalidRequirement(f"Invalid URL: {req.url}")
+            self.url: TOptional[str] = req.url
+        else:
+            self.url = None
+        self.extras: Set[str] = set(req.extras.asList() if req.extras else [])
+        self.specifier: SpecifierSet = SpecifierSet(req.specifier)
+        self.marker: TOptional[Marker] = req.marker if req.marker else None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        parts: List[str] = [self.name]
+
+        if self.extras:
+            formatted_extras = ",".join(sorted(self.extras))
+            parts.append(f"[{formatted_extras}]")
+
+        if self.specifier:
+            parts.append(str(self.specifier))
+
+        if self.url:
+            parts.append(f"@ {self.url}")
+            if self.marker:
+                parts.append(" ")
+
+        if self.marker:
+            parts.append(f"; {self.marker}")
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Requirement('{self}')>"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e218a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import abc
+import functools
+import itertools
+import re
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from .utils import canonicalize_version
+from .version import LegacyVersion, Version, parse
+
+ParsedVersion = Union[Version, LegacyVersion]
+UnparsedVersion = Union[Version, LegacyVersion, str]
+VersionTypeVar = TypeVar("VersionTypeVar", bound=UnparsedVersion)
+CallableOperator = Callable[[ParsedVersion, str], bool]
+
+
+class InvalidSpecifier(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid specifier was found, users should refer to PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+class BaseSpecifier(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the str representation of this Specifier like object. This
+        should be representative of the Specifier itself.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns a hash value for this Specifier like object.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier like
+        objects are equal.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractproperty
+    def prereleases(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+        """
+        Returns whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this
+        specifier.
+        """
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Sets whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this
+        specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def contains(self, item: str, prereleases: Optional[bool] = None) -> bool:
+        """
+        Determines if the given item is contained within this specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[VersionTypeVar], prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[VersionTypeVar]:
+        """
+        Takes an iterable of items and filters them so that only items which
+        are contained within this specifier are allowed in it.
+        """
+
+
+class _IndividualSpecifier(BaseSpecifier):
+
+    _operators: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    _regex: Pattern[str]
+
+    def __init__(self, spec: str = "", prereleases: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        match = self._regex.search(spec)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidSpecifier(f"Invalid specifier: '{spec}'")
+
+        self._spec: Tuple[str, str] = (
+            match.group("operator").strip(),
+            match.group("version").strip(),
+        )
+
+        # Store whether or not this Specifier should accept prereleases
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        pre = (
+            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self)!r}{pre})>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "{}{}".format(*self._spec)
+
+    @property
+    def _canonical_spec(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        return self._spec[0], canonicalize_version(self._spec[1])
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._canonical_spec)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            try:
+                other = self.__class__(str(other))
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                return NotImplemented
+        elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._canonical_spec == other._canonical_spec
+
+    def _get_operator(self, op: str) -> CallableOperator:
+        operator_callable: CallableOperator = getattr(
+            self, f"_compare_{self._operators[op]}"
+        )
+        return operator_callable
+
+    def _coerce_version(self, version: UnparsedVersion) -> ParsedVersion:
+        if not isinstance(version, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+            version = parse(version)
+        return version
+
+    @property
+    def operator(self) -> str:
+        return self._spec[0]
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> str:
+        return self._spec[1]
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+        return self._prereleases
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: str) -> bool:
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(
+        self, item: UnparsedVersion, prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> bool:
+
+        # Determine if prereleases are to be allowed or not.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # Normalize item to a Version or LegacyVersion, this allows us to have
+        # a shortcut for ``"2.0" in Specifier(">=2")
+        normalized_item = self._coerce_version(item)
+
+        # Determine if we should be supporting prereleases in this specifier
+        # or not, if we do not support prereleases than we can short circuit
+        # logic if this version is a prereleases.
+        if normalized_item.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+            return False
+
+        # Actually do the comparison to determine if this item is contained
+        # within this Specifier or not.
+        operator_callable: CallableOperator = self._get_operator(self.operator)
+        return operator_callable(normalized_item, self.version)
+
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[VersionTypeVar], prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[VersionTypeVar]:
+
+        yielded = False
+        found_prereleases = []
+
+        kw = {"prereleases": prereleases if prereleases is not None else True}
+
+        # Attempt to iterate over all the values in the iterable and if any of
+        # them match, yield them.
+        for version in iterable:
+            parsed_version = self._coerce_version(version)
+
+            if self.contains(parsed_version, **kw):
+                # If our version is a prerelease, and we were not set to allow
+                # prereleases, then we'll store it for later in case nothing
+                # else matches this specifier.
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not (
+                    prereleases or self.prereleases
+                ):
+                    found_prereleases.append(version)
+                # Either this is not a prerelease, or we should have been
+                # accepting prereleases from the beginning.
+                else:
+                    yielded = True
+                    yield version
+
+        # Now that we've iterated over everything, determine if we've yielded
+        # any values, and if we have not and we have any prereleases stored up
+        # then we will go ahead and yield the prereleases.
+        if not yielded and found_prereleases:
+            for version in found_prereleases:
+                yield version
+
+
+class LegacySpecifier(_IndividualSpecifier):
+
+    _regex_str = r"""
+        (?P<operator>(==|!=|<=|>=|<|>))
+        \s*
+        (?P<version>
+            [^,;\s)]* # Since this is a "legacy" specifier, and the version
+                      # string can be just about anything, we match everything
+                      # except for whitespace, a semi-colon for marker support,
+                      # a closing paren since versions can be enclosed in
+                      # them, and a comma since it's a version separator.
+        )
+        """
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + _regex_str + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    _operators = {
+        "==": "equal",
+        "!=": "not_equal",
+        "<=": "less_than_equal",
+        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, spec: str = "", prereleases: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(spec, prereleases)
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Creating a LegacyVersion has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in the next major release",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def _coerce_version(self, version: UnparsedVersion) -> LegacyVersion:
+        if not isinstance(version, LegacyVersion):
+            version = LegacyVersion(str(version))
+        return version
+
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective == self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective != self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective <= self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(
+        self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str
+    ) -> bool:
+        return prospective >= self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective < self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective > self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+
+def _require_version_compare(
+    fn: Callable[["Specifier", ParsedVersion, str], bool]
+) -> Callable[["Specifier", ParsedVersion, str], bool]:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapped(self: "Specifier", prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(prospective, Version):
+            return False
+        return fn(self, prospective, spec)
+
+    return wrapped
+
+
+class Specifier(_IndividualSpecifier):
+
+    _regex_str = r"""
+        (?P<operator>(~=|==|!=|<=|>=|<|>|===))
+        (?P<version>
+            (?:
+                # The identity operators allow for an escape hatch that will
+                # do an exact string match of the version you wish to install.
+                # This will not be parsed by PEP 440 and we cannot determine
+                # any semantic meaning from it. This operator is discouraged
+                # but included entirely as an escape hatch.
+                (?<====)  # Only match for the identity operator
+                \s*
+                [^\s]*    # We just match everything, except for whitespace
+                          # since we are only testing for strict identity.
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The (non)equality operators allow for wild card and local
+                # versions to be specified so we have to define these two
+                # operators separately to enable that.
+                (?<===|!=)            # Only match for equals and not equals
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+
+                # You cannot use a wild card and a dev or local version
+                # together so group them with a | and make them optional.
+                (?:
+                    (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?         # dev release
+                    (?:\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*)? # local
+                    |
+                    \.\*  # Wild card syntax of .*
+                )?
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The compatible operator requires at least two digits in the
+                # release segment.
+                (?<=~=)               # Only match for the compatible operator
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)+   # release  (We have a + instead of a *)
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # All other operators only allow a sub set of what the
+                # (non)equality operators do. Specifically they do not allow
+                # local versions to be specified nor do they allow the prefix
+                # matching wild cards.
+                (?<!==|!=|~=)         # We have special cases for these
+                                      # operators so we want to make sure they
+                                      # don't match here.
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+        )
+        """
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + _regex_str + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    _operators = {
+        "~=": "compatible",
+        "==": "equal",
+        "!=": "not_equal",
+        "<=": "less_than_equal",
+        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+        "===": "arbitrary",
+    }
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_compatible(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+
+        # Compatible releases have an equivalent combination of >= and ==. That
+        # is that ~=2.2 is equivalent to >=2.2,==2.*. This allows us to
+        # implement this in terms of the other specifiers instead of
+        # implementing it ourselves. The only thing we need to do is construct
+        # the other specifiers.
+
+        # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
+        # ignore suffix segments.
+        prefix = ".".join(
+            list(itertools.takewhile(_is_not_suffix, _version_split(spec)))[:-1]
+        )
+
+        # Add the prefix notation to the end of our string
+        prefix += ".*"
+
+        return self._get_operator(">=")(prospective, spec) and self._get_operator("==")(
+            prospective, prefix
+        )
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+
+        # We need special logic to handle prefix matching
+        if spec.endswith(".*"):
+            # In the case of prefix matching we want to ignore local segment.
+            prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+            # Split the spec out by dots, and pretend that there is an implicit
+            # dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
+            split_spec = _version_split(spec[:-2])  # Remove the trailing .*
+
+            # Split the prospective version out by dots, and pretend that there
+            # is an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release
+            # segment.
+            split_prospective = _version_split(str(prospective))
+
+            # Shorten the prospective version to be the same length as the spec
+            # so that we can determine if the specifier is a prefix of the
+            # prospective version or not.
+            shortened_prospective = split_prospective[: len(split_spec)]
+
+            # Pad out our two sides with zeros so that they both equal the same
+            # length.
+            padded_spec, padded_prospective = _pad_version(
+                split_spec, shortened_prospective
+            )
+
+            return padded_prospective == padded_spec
+        else:
+            # Convert our spec string into a Version
+            spec_version = Version(spec)
+
+            # If the specifier does not have a local segment, then we want to
+            # act as if the prospective version also does not have a local
+            # segment.
+            if not spec_version.local:
+                prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+
+            return prospective == spec_version
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return not self._compare_equal(prospective, spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+
+        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
+        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
+        # the prospective version.
+        return Version(prospective.public) <= Version(spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(
+        self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str
+    ) -> bool:
+
+        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
+        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
+        # the prospective version.
+        return Version(prospective.public) >= Version(spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec_str: str) -> bool:
+
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec_str)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is less than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective < spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a pre-release version, that we do not accept pre-release
+        # versions for the version mentioned in the specifier (e.g. <3.1 should
+        # not match 3.1.dev0, but should match 3.0.dev0).
+        if not spec.is_prerelease and prospective.is_prerelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # less than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the same
+        # version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec_str: str) -> bool:
+
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec_str)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is greater than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective > spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a post-release version, that we do not accept
+        # post-release versions for the version mentioned in the specifier
+        # (e.g. >3.1 should not match 3.0.post0, but should match 3.2.post0).
+        if not spec.is_postrelease and prospective.is_postrelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # Ensure that we do not allow a local version of the version mentioned
+        # in the specifier, which is technically greater than, to match.
+        if prospective.local is not None:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # greater than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the
+        # same version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    def _compare_arbitrary(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return str(prospective).lower() == str(spec).lower()
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> bool:
+
+        # If there is an explicit prereleases set for this, then we'll just
+        # blindly use that.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # Look at all of our specifiers and determine if they are inclusive
+        # operators, and if they are if they are including an explicit
+        # prerelease.
+        operator, version = self._spec
+        if operator in ["==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "==="]:
+            # The == specifier can include a trailing .*, if it does we
+            # want to remove before parsing.
+            if operator == "==" and version.endswith(".*"):
+                version = version[:-2]
+
+            # Parse the version, and if it is a pre-release than this
+            # specifier allows pre-releases.
+            if parse(version).is_prerelease:
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+
+_prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")
+
+
+def _version_split(version: str) -> List[str]:
+    result: List[str] = []
+    for item in version.split("."):
+        match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
+        if match:
+            result.extend(match.groups())
+        else:
+            result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+def _is_not_suffix(segment: str) -> bool:
+    return not any(
+        segment.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("dev", "a", "b", "rc", "post")
+    )
+
+
+def _pad_version(left: List[str], right: List[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str]]:
+    left_split, right_split = [], []
+
+    # Get the release segment of our versions
+    left_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), left)))
+    right_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), right)))
+
+    # Get the rest of our versions
+    left_split.append(left[len(left_split[0]) :])
+    right_split.append(right[len(right_split[0]) :])
+
+    # Insert our padding
+    left_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])))
+    right_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])))
+
+    return (list(itertools.chain(*left_split)), list(itertools.chain(*right_split)))
+
+
+class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
+    def __init__(
+        self, specifiers: str = "", prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> None:
+
+        # Split on , to break each individual specifier into it's own item, and
+        # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
+        split_specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]
+
+        # Parsed each individual specifier, attempting first to make it a
+        # Specifier and falling back to a LegacySpecifier.
+        parsed: Set[_IndividualSpecifier] = set()
+        for specifier in split_specifiers:
+            try:
+                parsed.add(Specifier(specifier))
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                parsed.add(LegacySpecifier(specifier))
+
+        # Turn our parsed specifiers into a frozen set and save them for later.
+        self._specs = frozenset(parsed)
+
+        # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
+        # we accept prereleases or not.
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        pre = (
+            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return f"<SpecifierSet({str(self)!r}{pre})>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return ",".join(sorted(str(s) for s in self._specs))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._specs)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: Union["SpecifierSet", str]) -> "SpecifierSet":
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            other = SpecifierSet(other)
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        specifier = SpecifierSet()
+        specifier._specs = frozenset(self._specs | other._specs)
+
+        if self._prereleases is None and other._prereleases is not None:
+            specifier._prereleases = other._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases is not None and other._prereleases is None:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases == other._prereleases:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot combine SpecifierSets with True and False prerelease "
+                "overrides."
+            )
+
+        return specifier
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, (str, _IndividualSpecifier)):
+            other = SpecifierSet(str(other))
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._specs == other._specs
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._specs)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[_IndividualSpecifier]:
+        return iter(self._specs)
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+
+        # If we have been given an explicit prerelease modifier, then we'll
+        # pass that through here.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # If we don't have any specifiers, and we don't have a forced value,
+        # then we'll just return None since we don't know if this should have
+        # pre-releases or not.
+        if not self._specs:
+            return None
+
+        # Otherwise we'll see if any of the given specifiers accept
+        # prereleases, if any of them do we'll return True, otherwise False.
+        return any(s.prereleases for s in self._specs)
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: UnparsedVersion) -> bool:
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(
+        self, item: UnparsedVersion, prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> bool:
+
+        # Ensure that our item is a Version or LegacyVersion instance.
+        if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+            item = parse(item)
+
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # We can determine if we're going to allow pre-releases by looking to
+        # see if any of the underlying items supports them. If none of them do
+        # and this item is a pre-release then we do not allow it and we can
+        # short circuit that here.
+        # Note: This means that 1.0.dev1 would not be contained in something
+        #       like >=1.0.devabc however it would be in >=1.0.debabc,>0.0.dev0
+        if not prereleases and item.is_prerelease:
+            return False
+
+        # We simply dispatch to the underlying specs here to make sure that the
+        # given version is contained within all of them.
+        # Note: This use of all() here means that an empty set of specifiers
+        #       will always return True, this is an explicit design decision.
+        return all(s.contains(item, prereleases=prereleases) for s in self._specs)
+
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[VersionTypeVar], prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[VersionTypeVar]:
+
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # If we have any specifiers, then we want to wrap our iterable in the
+        # filter method for each one, this will act as a logical AND amongst
+        # each specifier.
+        if self._specs:
+            for spec in self._specs:
+                iterable = spec.filter(iterable, prereleases=bool(prereleases))
+            return iterable
+        # If we do not have any specifiers, then we need to have a rough filter
+        # which will filter out any pre-releases, unless there are no final
+        # releases, and which will filter out LegacyVersion in general.
+        else:
+            filtered: List[VersionTypeVar] = []
+            found_prereleases: List[VersionTypeVar] = []
+
+            item: UnparsedVersion
+            parsed_version: Union[Version, LegacyVersion]
+
+            for item in iterable:
+                # Ensure that we some kind of Version class for this item.
+                if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+                    parsed_version = parse(item)
+                else:
+                    parsed_version = item
+
+                # Filter out any item which is parsed as a LegacyVersion
+                if isinstance(parsed_version, LegacyVersion):
+                    continue
+
+                # Store any item which is a pre-release for later unless we've
+                # already found a final version or we are accepting prereleases
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+                    if not filtered:
+                        found_prereleases.append(item)
+                else:
+                    filtered.append(item)
+
+            # If we've found no items except for pre-releases, then we'll go
+            # ahead and use the pre-releases
+            if not filtered and found_prereleases and prereleases is None:
+                return found_prereleases
+
+            return filtered
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3d25a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import logging
+import platform
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from importlib.machinery import EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from . import _manylinux, _musllinux
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+PythonVersion = Sequence[int]
+MacVersion = Tuple[int, int]
+
+INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES: Dict[str, str] = {
+    "python": "py",  # Generic.
+    "cpython": "cp",
+    "pypy": "pp",
+    "ironpython": "ip",
+    "jython": "jy",
+}
+
+
+_32_BIT_INTERPRETER = sys.maxsize <= 2 ** 32
+
+
+class Tag:
+    """
+    A representation of the tag triple for a wheel.
+
+    Instances are considered immutable and thus are hashable. Equality checking
+    is also supported.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["_interpreter", "_abi", "_platform", "_hash"]
+
+    def __init__(self, interpreter: str, abi: str, platform: str) -> None:
+        self._interpreter = interpreter.lower()
+        self._abi = abi.lower()
+        self._platform = platform.lower()
+        # The __hash__ of every single element in a Set[Tag] will be evaluated each time
+        # that a set calls its `.disjoint()` method, which may be called hundreds of
+        # times when scanning a page of links for packages with tags matching that
+        # Set[Tag]. Pre-computing the value here produces significant speedups for
+        # downstream consumers.
+        self._hash = hash((self._interpreter, self._abi, self._platform))
+
+    @property
+    def interpreter(self) -> str:
+        return self._interpreter
+
+    @property
+    def abi(self) -> str:
+        return self._abi
+
+    @property
+    def platform(self) -> str:
+        return self._platform
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Tag):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            (self._hash == other._hash)  # Short-circuit ASAP for perf reasons.
+            and (self._platform == other._platform)
+            and (self._abi == other._abi)
+            and (self._interpreter == other._interpreter)
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._hash
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self._interpreter}-{self._abi}-{self._platform}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self} @ {id(self)}>"
+
+
+def parse_tag(tag: str) -> FrozenSet[Tag]:
+    """
+    Parses the provided tag (e.g. `py3-none-any`) into a frozenset of Tag instances.
+
+    Returning a set is required due to the possibility that the tag is a
+    compressed tag set.
+    """
+    tags = set()
+    interpreters, abis, platforms = tag.split("-")
+    for interpreter in interpreters.split("."):
+        for abi in abis.split("."):
+            for platform_ in platforms.split("."):
+                tags.add(Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_))
+    return frozenset(tags)
+
+
+def _get_config_var(name: str, warn: bool = False) -> Union[int, str, None]:
+    value = sysconfig.get_config_var(name)
+    if value is None and warn:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Config variable '%s' is unset, Python ABI tag may be incorrect", name
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _normalize_string(string: str) -> str:
+    return string.replace(".", "_").replace("-", "_")
+
+
+def _abi3_applies(python_version: PythonVersion) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if the Python version supports abi3.
+
+    PEP 384 was first implemented in Python 3.2.
+    """
+    return len(python_version) > 1 and tuple(python_version) >= (3, 2)
+
+
+def _cpython_abis(py_version: PythonVersion, warn: bool = False) -> List[str]:
+    py_version = tuple(py_version)  # To allow for version comparison.
+    abis = []
+    version = _version_nodot(py_version[:2])
+    debug = pymalloc = ucs4 = ""
+    with_debug = _get_config_var("Py_DEBUG", warn)
+    has_refcount = hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount")
+    # Windows doesn't set Py_DEBUG, so checking for support of debug-compiled
+    # extension modules is the best option.
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3383#issuecomment-173267692
+    has_ext = "_d.pyd" in EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+    if with_debug or (with_debug is None and (has_refcount or has_ext)):
+        debug = "d"
+    if py_version < (3, 8):
+        with_pymalloc = _get_config_var("WITH_PYMALLOC", warn)
+        if with_pymalloc or with_pymalloc is None:
+            pymalloc = "m"
+        if py_version < (3, 3):
+            unicode_size = _get_config_var("Py_UNICODE_SIZE", warn)
+            if unicode_size == 4 or (
+                unicode_size is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF
+            ):
+                ucs4 = "u"
+    elif debug:
+        # Debug builds can also load "normal" extension modules.
+        # We can also assume no UCS-4 or pymalloc requirement.
+        abis.append(f"cp{version}")
+    abis.insert(
+        0,
+        "cp{version}{debug}{pymalloc}{ucs4}".format(
+            version=version, debug=debug, pymalloc=pymalloc, ucs4=ucs4
+        ),
+    )
+    return abis
+
+
+def cpython_tags(
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None,
+    abis: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    *,
+    warn: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the tags for a CPython interpreter.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - cp<python_version>-<abi>-<platform>
+    - cp<python_version>-abi3-<platform>
+    - cp<python_version>-none-<platform>
+    - cp<less than python_version>-abi3-<platform>  # Older Python versions down to 3.2.
+
+    If python_version only specifies a major version then user-provided ABIs and
+    the 'none' ABItag will be used.
+
+    If 'abi3' or 'none' are specified in 'abis' then they will be yielded at
+    their normal position and not at the beginning.
+    """
+    if not python_version:
+        python_version = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+    interpreter = f"cp{_version_nodot(python_version[:2])}"
+
+    if abis is None:
+        if len(python_version) > 1:
+            abis = _cpython_abis(python_version, warn)
+        else:
+            abis = []
+    abis = list(abis)
+    # 'abi3' and 'none' are explicitly handled later.
+    for explicit_abi in ("abi3", "none"):
+        try:
+            abis.remove(explicit_abi)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    for abi in abis:
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
+    if _abi3_applies(python_version):
+        yield from (Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
+    yield from (Tag(interpreter, "none", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
+
+    if _abi3_applies(python_version):
+        for minor_version in range(python_version[1] - 1, 1, -1):
+            for platform_ in platforms:
+                interpreter = "cp{version}".format(
+                    version=_version_nodot((python_version[0], minor_version))
+                )
+                yield Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_)
+
+
+def _generic_abi() -> Iterator[str]:
+    abi = sysconfig.get_config_var("SOABI")
+    if abi:
+        yield _normalize_string(abi)
+
+
+def generic_tags(
+    interpreter: Optional[str] = None,
+    abis: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    *,
+    warn: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the tags for a generic interpreter.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - <interpreter>-<abi>-<platform>
+
+    The "none" ABI will be added if it was not explicitly provided.
+    """
+    if not interpreter:
+        interp_name = interpreter_name()
+        interp_version = interpreter_version(warn=warn)
+        interpreter = "".join([interp_name, interp_version])
+    if abis is None:
+        abis = _generic_abi()
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    abis = list(abis)
+    if "none" not in abis:
+        abis.append("none")
+    for abi in abis:
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
+
+
+def _py_interpreter_range(py_version: PythonVersion) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yields Python versions in descending order.
+
+    After the latest version, the major-only version will be yielded, and then
+    all previous versions of that major version.
+    """
+    if len(py_version) > 1:
+        yield f"py{_version_nodot(py_version[:2])}"
+    yield f"py{py_version[0]}"
+    if len(py_version) > 1:
+        for minor in range(py_version[1] - 1, -1, -1):
+            yield f"py{_version_nodot((py_version[0], minor))}"
+
+
+def compatible_tags(
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None,
+    interpreter: Optional[str] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the sequence of tags that are compatible with a specific version of Python.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - py*-none-<platform>
+    - <interpreter>-none-any  # ... if `interpreter` is provided.
+    - py*-none-any
+    """
+    if not python_version:
+        python_version = sys.version_info[:2]
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    for version in _py_interpreter_range(python_version):
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(version, "none", platform_)
+    if interpreter:
+        yield Tag(interpreter, "none", "any")
+    for version in _py_interpreter_range(python_version):
+        yield Tag(version, "none", "any")
+
+
+def _mac_arch(arch: str, is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> str:
+    if not is_32bit:
+        return arch
+
+    if arch.startswith("ppc"):
+        return "ppc"
+
+    return "i386"
+
+
+def _mac_binary_formats(version: MacVersion, cpu_arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    formats = [cpu_arch]
+    if cpu_arch == "x86_64":
+        if version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["intel", "fat64", "fat32"])
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "i386":
+        if version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["intel", "fat32", "fat"])
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "ppc64":
+        # TODO: Need to care about 32-bit PPC for ppc64 through 10.2?
+        if version > (10, 5) or version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.append("fat64")
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "ppc":
+        if version > (10, 6):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["fat32", "fat"])
+
+    if cpu_arch in {"arm64", "x86_64"}:
+        formats.append("universal2")
+
+    if cpu_arch in {"x86_64", "i386", "ppc64", "ppc", "intel"}:
+        formats.append("universal")
+
+    return formats
+
+
+def mac_platforms(
+    version: Optional[MacVersion] = None, arch: Optional[str] = None
+) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yields the platform tags for a macOS system.
+
+    The `version` parameter is a two-item tuple specifying the macOS version to
+    generate platform tags for. The `arch` parameter is the CPU architecture to
+    generate platform tags for. Both parameters default to the appropriate value
+    for the current system.
+    """
+    version_str, _, cpu_arch = platform.mac_ver()
+    if version is None:
+        version = cast("MacVersion", tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2])))
+    else:
+        version = version
+    if arch is None:
+        arch = _mac_arch(cpu_arch)
+    else:
+        arch = arch
+
+    if (10, 0) <= version and version < (11, 0):
+        # Prior to Mac OS 11, each yearly release of Mac OS bumped the
+        # "minor" version number.  The major version was always 10.
+        for minor_version in range(version[1], -1, -1):
+            compat_version = 10, minor_version
+            binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+            for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=10, minor=minor_version, binary_format=binary_format
+                )
+
+    if version >= (11, 0):
+        # Starting with Mac OS 11, each yearly release bumps the major version
+        # number.   The minor versions are now the midyear updates.
+        for major_version in range(version[0], 10, -1):
+            compat_version = major_version, 0
+            binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+            for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=major_version, minor=0, binary_format=binary_format
+                )
+
+    if version >= (11, 0):
+        # Mac OS 11 on x86_64 is compatible with binaries from previous releases.
+        # Arm64 support was introduced in 11.0, so no Arm binaries from previous
+        # releases exist.
+        #
+        # However, the "universal2" binary format can have a
+        # macOS version earlier than 11.0 when the x86_64 part of the binary supports
+        # that version of macOS.
+        if arch == "x86_64":
+            for minor_version in range(16, 3, -1):
+                compat_version = 10, minor_version
+                binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+                for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                    yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                        major=compat_version[0],
+                        minor=compat_version[1],
+                        binary_format=binary_format,
+                    )
+        else:
+            for minor_version in range(16, 3, -1):
+                compat_version = 10, minor_version
+                binary_format = "universal2"
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=compat_version[0],
+                    minor=compat_version[1],
+                    binary_format=binary_format,
+                )
+
+
+def _linux_platforms(is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> Iterator[str]:
+    linux = _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+    if is_32bit:
+        if linux == "linux_x86_64":
+            linux = "linux_i686"
+        elif linux == "linux_aarch64":
+            linux = "linux_armv7l"
+    _, arch = linux.split("_", 1)
+    yield from _manylinux.platform_tags(linux, arch)
+    yield from _musllinux.platform_tags(arch)
+    yield linux
+
+
+def _generic_platforms() -> Iterator[str]:
+    yield _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+
+
+def platform_tags() -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Provides the platform tags for this installation.
+    """
+    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
+        return mac_platforms()
+    elif platform.system() == "Linux":
+        return _linux_platforms()
+    else:
+        return _generic_platforms()
+
+
+def interpreter_name() -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the name of the running interpreter.
+    """
+    name = sys.implementation.name
+    return INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES.get(name) or name
+
+
+def interpreter_version(*, warn: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the version of the running interpreter.
+    """
+    version = _get_config_var("py_version_nodot", warn=warn)
+    if version:
+        version = str(version)
+    else:
+        version = _version_nodot(sys.version_info[:2])
+    return version
+
+
+def _version_nodot(version: PythonVersion) -> str:
+    return "".join(map(str, version))
+
+
+def sys_tags(*, warn: bool = False) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Returns the sequence of tag triples for the running interpreter.
+
+    The order of the sequence corresponds to priority order for the
+    interpreter, from most to least important.
+    """
+
+    interp_name = interpreter_name()
+    if interp_name == "cp":
+        yield from cpython_tags(warn=warn)
+    else:
+        yield from generic_tags()
+
+    if interp_name == "pp":
+        yield from compatible_tags(interpreter="pp3")
+    else:
+        yield from compatible_tags()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bab11b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import re
+from typing import FrozenSet, NewType, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from .tags import Tag, parse_tag
+from .version import InvalidVersion, Version
+
+BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
+NormalizedName = NewType("NormalizedName", str)
+
+
+class InvalidWheelFilename(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid wheel filename was found, users should refer to PEP 427.
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidSdistFilename(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid sdist filename was found, users should refer to the packaging user guide.
+    """
+
+
+_canonicalize_regex = re.compile(r"[-_.]+")
+# PEP 427: The build number must start with a digit.
+_build_tag_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)(.*)")
+
+
+def canonicalize_name(name: str) -> NormalizedName:
+    # This is taken from PEP 503.
+    value = _canonicalize_regex.sub("-", name).lower()
+    return cast(NormalizedName, value)
+
+
+def canonicalize_version(version: Union[Version, str]) -> str:
+    """
+    This is very similar to Version.__str__, but has one subtle difference
+    with the way it handles the release segment.
+    """
+    if isinstance(version, str):
+        try:
+            parsed = Version(version)
+        except InvalidVersion:
+            # Legacy versions cannot be normalized
+            return version
+    else:
+        parsed = version
+
+    parts = []
+
+    # Epoch
+    if parsed.epoch != 0:
+        parts.append(f"{parsed.epoch}!")
+
+    # Release segment
+    # NB: This strips trailing '.0's to normalize
+    parts.append(re.sub(r"(\.0)+$", "", ".".join(str(x) for x in parsed.release)))
+
+    # Pre-release
+    if parsed.pre is not None:
+        parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in parsed.pre))
+
+    # Post-release
+    if parsed.post is not None:
+        parts.append(f".post{parsed.post}")
+
+    # Development release
+    if parsed.dev is not None:
+        parts.append(f".dev{parsed.dev}")
+
+    # Local version segment
+    if parsed.local is not None:
+        parts.append(f"+{parsed.local}")
+
+    return "".join(parts)
+
+
+def parse_wheel_filename(
+    filename: str,
+) -> Tuple[NormalizedName, Version, BuildTag, FrozenSet[Tag]]:
+    if not filename.endswith(".whl"):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (extension must be '.whl'): {filename}"
+        )
+
+    filename = filename[:-4]
+    dashes = filename.count("-")
+    if dashes not in (4, 5):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (wrong number of parts): {filename}"
+        )
+
+    parts = filename.split("-", dashes - 2)
+    name_part = parts[0]
+    # See PEP 427 for the rules on escaping the project name
+    if "__" in name_part or re.match(r"^[\w\d._]*$", name_part, re.UNICODE) is None:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"Invalid project name: {filename}")
+    name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
+    version = Version(parts[1])
+    if dashes == 5:
+        build_part = parts[2]
+        build_match = _build_tag_regex.match(build_part)
+        if build_match is None:
+            raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+                f"Invalid build number: {build_part} in '{filename}'"
+            )
+        build = cast(BuildTag, (int(build_match.group(1)), build_match.group(2)))
+    else:
+        build = ()
+    tags = parse_tag(parts[-1])
+    return (name, version, build, tags)
+
+
+def parse_sdist_filename(filename: str) -> Tuple[NormalizedName, Version]:
+    if filename.endswith(".tar.gz"):
+        file_stem = filename[: -len(".tar.gz")]
+    elif filename.endswith(".zip"):
+        file_stem = filename[: -len(".zip")]
+    else:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(
+            f"Invalid sdist filename (extension must be '.tar.gz' or '.zip'):"
+            f" {filename}"
+        )
+
+    # We are requiring a PEP 440 version, which cannot contain dashes,
+    # so we split on the last dash.
+    name_part, sep, version_part = file_stem.rpartition("-")
+    if not sep:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(f"Invalid sdist filename: {filename}")
+
+    name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
+    version = Version(version_part)
+    return (name, version)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9a09a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import collections
+import itertools
+import re
+import warnings
+from typing import Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, SupportsInt, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._structures import Infinity, InfinityType, NegativeInfinity, NegativeInfinityType
+
+__all__ = ["parse", "Version", "LegacyVersion", "InvalidVersion", "VERSION_PATTERN"]
+
+InfiniteTypes = Union[InfinityType, NegativeInfinityType]
+PrePostDevType = Union[InfiniteTypes, Tuple[str, int]]
+SubLocalType = Union[InfiniteTypes, int, str]
+LocalType = Union[
+    NegativeInfinityType,
+    Tuple[
+        Union[
+            SubLocalType,
+            Tuple[SubLocalType, str],
+            Tuple[NegativeInfinityType, SubLocalType],
+        ],
+        ...,
+    ],
+]
+CmpKey = Tuple[
+    int, Tuple[int, ...], PrePostDevType, PrePostDevType, PrePostDevType, LocalType
+]
+LegacyCmpKey = Tuple[int, Tuple[str, ...]]
+VersionComparisonMethod = Callable[
+    [Union[CmpKey, LegacyCmpKey], Union[CmpKey, LegacyCmpKey]], bool
+]
+
+_Version = collections.namedtuple(
+    "_Version", ["epoch", "release", "dev", "pre", "post", "local"]
+)
+
+
+def parse(version: str) -> Union["LegacyVersion", "Version"]:
+    """
+    Parse the given version string and return either a :class:`Version` object
+    or a :class:`LegacyVersion` object depending on if the given version is
+    a valid PEP 440 version or a legacy version.
+    """
+    try:
+        return Version(version)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        return LegacyVersion(version)
+
+
+class InvalidVersion(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid version was found, users should refer to PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+class _BaseVersion:
+    _key: Union[CmpKey, LegacyCmpKey]
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._key)
+
+    # Please keep the duplicated `isinstance` check
+    # in the six comparisons hereunder
+    # unless you find a way to avoid adding overhead function calls.
+    def __lt__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key < other._key
+
+    def __le__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key <= other._key
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key == other._key
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key >= other._key
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key > other._key
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key != other._key
+
+
+class LegacyVersion(_BaseVersion):
+    def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
+        self._version = str(version)
+        self._key = _legacy_cmpkey(self._version)
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Creating a LegacyVersion has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in the next major release",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._version
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<LegacyVersion('{self}')>"
+
+    @property
+    def public(self) -> str:
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self) -> str:
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def epoch(self) -> int:
+        return -1
+
+    @property
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def pre(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def post(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def dev(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_devrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+_legacy_version_component_re = re.compile(r"(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)", re.VERBOSE)
+
+_legacy_version_replacement_map = {
+    "pre": "c",
+    "preview": "c",
+    "-": "final-",
+    "rc": "c",
+    "dev": "@",
+}
+
+
+def _parse_version_parts(s: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    for part in _legacy_version_component_re.split(s):
+        part = _legacy_version_replacement_map.get(part, part)
+
+        if not part or part == ".":
+            continue
+
+        if part[:1] in "0123456789":
+            # pad for numeric comparison
+            yield part.zfill(8)
+        else:
+            yield "*" + part
+
+    # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final
+    yield "*final"
+
+
+def _legacy_cmpkey(version: str) -> LegacyCmpKey:
+
+    # We hardcode an epoch of -1 here. A PEP 440 version can only have a epoch
+    # greater than or equal to 0. This will effectively put the LegacyVersion,
+    # which uses the defacto standard originally implemented by setuptools,
+    # as before all PEP 440 versions.
+    epoch = -1
+
+    # This scheme is taken from pkg_resources.parse_version setuptools prior to
+    # it's adoption of the packaging library.
+    parts: List[str] = []
+    for part in _parse_version_parts(version.lower()):
+        if part.startswith("*"):
+            # remove "-" before a prerelease tag
+            if part < "*final":
+                while parts and parts[-1] == "*final-":
+                    parts.pop()
+
+            # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts
+            while parts and parts[-1] == "00000000":
+                parts.pop()
+
+        parts.append(part)
+
+    return epoch, tuple(parts)
+
+
+# Deliberately not anchored to the start and end of the string, to make it
+# easier for 3rd party code to reuse
+VERSION_PATTERN = r"""
+    v?
+    (?:
+        (?:(?P<epoch>[0-9]+)!)?                           # epoch
+        (?P<release>[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)                  # release segment
+        (?P<pre>                                          # pre-release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<pre_l>(a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<pre_n>[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+        (?P<post>                                         # post release
+            (?:-(?P<post_n1>[0-9]+))
+            |
+            (?:
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P<post_l>post|rev|r)
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P<post_n2>[0-9]+)?
+            )
+        )?
+        (?P<dev>                                          # dev release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<dev_l>dev)
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<dev_n>[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+    )
+    (?:\+(?P<local>[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?       # local version
+"""
+
+
+class Version(_BaseVersion):
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + VERSION_PATTERN + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
+
+        # Validate the version and parse it into pieces
+        match = self._regex.search(version)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidVersion(f"Invalid version: '{version}'")
+
+        # Store the parsed out pieces of the version
+        self._version = _Version(
+            epoch=int(match.group("epoch")) if match.group("epoch") else 0,
+            release=tuple(int(i) for i in match.group("release").split(".")),
+            pre=_parse_letter_version(match.group("pre_l"), match.group("pre_n")),
+            post=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("post_l"), match.group("post_n1") or match.group("post_n2")
+            ),
+            dev=_parse_letter_version(match.group("dev_l"), match.group("dev_n")),
+            local=_parse_local_version(match.group("local")),
+        )
+
+        # Generate a key which will be used for sorting
+        self._key = _cmpkey(
+            self._version.epoch,
+            self._version.release,
+            self._version.pre,
+            self._version.post,
+            self._version.dev,
+            self._version.local,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Version('{self}')>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append(f"{self.epoch}!")
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
+
+        # Pre-release
+        if self.pre is not None:
+            parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in self.pre))
+
+        # Post-release
+        if self.post is not None:
+            parts.append(f".post{self.post}")
+
+        # Development release
+        if self.dev is not None:
+            parts.append(f".dev{self.dev}")
+
+        # Local version segment
+        if self.local is not None:
+            parts.append(f"+{self.local}")
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def epoch(self) -> int:
+        _epoch: int = self._version.epoch
+        return _epoch
+
+    @property
+    def release(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        _release: Tuple[int, ...] = self._version.release
+        return _release
+
+    @property
+    def pre(self) -> Optional[Tuple[str, int]]:
+        _pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = self._version.pre
+        return _pre
+
+    @property
+    def post(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        return self._version.post[1] if self._version.post else None
+
+    @property
+    def dev(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        return self._version.dev[1] if self._version.dev else None
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._version.local:
+            return ".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.local)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def public(self) -> str:
+        return str(self).split("+", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self) -> str:
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append(f"{self.epoch}!")
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dev is not None or self.pre is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return self.post is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_devrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dev is not None
+
+    @property
+    def major(self) -> int:
+        return self.release[0] if len(self.release) >= 1 else 0
+
+    @property
+    def minor(self) -> int:
+        return self.release[1] if len(self.release) >= 2 else 0
+
+    @property
+    def micro(self) -> int:
+        return self.release[2] if len(self.release) >= 3 else 0
+
+
+def _parse_letter_version(
+    letter: str, number: Union[str, bytes, SupportsInt]
+) -> Optional[Tuple[str, int]]:
+
+    if letter:
+        # We consider there to be an implicit 0 in a pre-release if there is
+        # not a numeral associated with it.
+        if number is None:
+            number = 0
+
+        # We normalize any letters to their lower case form
+        letter = letter.lower()
+
+        # We consider some words to be alternate spellings of other words and
+        # in those cases we want to normalize the spellings to our preferred
+        # spelling.
+        if letter == "alpha":
+            letter = "a"
+        elif letter == "beta":
+            letter = "b"
+        elif letter in ["c", "pre", "preview"]:
+            letter = "rc"
+        elif letter in ["rev", "r"]:
+            letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+    if not letter and number:
+        # We assume if we are given a number, but we are not given a letter
+        # then this is using the implicit post release syntax (e.g. 1.0-1)
+        letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+
+    return None
+
+
+_local_version_separators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
+
+
+def _parse_local_version(local: str) -> Optional[LocalType]:
+    """
+    Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
+    """
+    if local is not None:
+        return tuple(
+            part.lower() if not part.isdigit() else int(part)
+            for part in _local_version_separators.split(local)
+        )
+    return None
+
+
+def _cmpkey(
+    epoch: int,
+    release: Tuple[int, ...],
+    pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
+    post: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
+    dev: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
+    local: Optional[Tuple[SubLocalType]],
+) -> CmpKey:
+
+    # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
+    # trailing zeros removed. So we'll use a reverse the list, drop all the now
+    # leading zeros until we come to something non zero, then take the rest
+    # re-reverse it back into the correct order and make it a tuple and use
+    # that for our sorting key.
+    _release = tuple(
+        reversed(list(itertools.dropwhile(lambda x: x == 0, reversed(release))))
+    )
+
+    # We need to "trick" the sorting algorithm to put 1.0.dev0 before 1.0a0.
+    # We'll do this by abusing the pre segment, but we _only_ want to do this
+    # if there is not a pre or a post segment. If we have one of those then
+    # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
+    if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
+        _pre: PrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+    # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
+    # those with one.
+    elif pre is None:
+        _pre = Infinity
+    else:
+        _pre = pre
+
+    # Versions without a post segment should sort before those with one.
+    if post is None:
+        _post: PrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+
+    else:
+        _post = post
+
+    # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
+    if dev is None:
+        _dev: PrePostDevType = Infinity
+
+    else:
+        _dev = dev
+
+    if local is None:
+        # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
+        _local: LocalType = NegativeInfinity
+    else:
+        # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
+        # the sorting rules in PEP440.
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort before numeric segments
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort lexicographically
+        # - Numeric segments sort numerically
+        # - Shorter versions sort before longer versions when the prefixes
+        #   match exactly
+        _local = tuple(
+            (i, "") if isinstance(i, int) else (NegativeInfinity, i) for i in local
+        )
+
+    return epoch, _release, _pre, _post, _dev, _local
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad27940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3361 @@
+"""
+Package resource API
+--------------------
+
+A resource is a logical file contained within a package, or a logical
+subdirectory thereof.  The package resource API expects resource names
+to have their path parts separated with ``/``, *not* whatever the local
+path separator is.  Do not use os.path operations to manipulate resource
+names being passed into the API.
+
+The package resource API is designed to work with normal filesystem packages,
+.egg files, and unpacked .egg files.  It can also work in a limited way with
+.zip files and with custom PEP 302 loaders that support the ``get_data()``
+method.
+
+This module is deprecated. Users are directed to :mod:`importlib.resources`,
+:mod:`importlib.metadata` and :pypi:`packaging` instead.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import io
+import time
+import re
+import types
+import zipfile
+import zipimport
+import warnings
+import stat
+import functools
+import pkgutil
+import operator
+import platform
+import collections
+import plistlib
+import email.parser
+import errno
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+import inspect
+import ntpath
+import posixpath
+import importlib
+from pkgutil import get_importer
+
+try:
+    import _imp
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 3.2 compatibility
+    import imp as _imp
+
+try:
+    FileExistsError
+except NameError:
+    FileExistsError = OSError
+
+# capture these to bypass sandboxing
+from os import utime
+
+try:
+    from os import mkdir, rename, unlink
+
+    WRITE_SUPPORT = True
+except ImportError:
+    # no write support, probably under GAE
+    WRITE_SUPPORT = False
+
+from os import open as os_open
+from os.path import isdir, split
+
+try:
+    import importlib.machinery as importlib_machinery
+
+    # access attribute to force import under delayed import mechanisms.
+    importlib_machinery.__name__
+except ImportError:
+    importlib_machinery = None
+
+from pip._internal.utils._jaraco_text import (
+    yield_lines,
+    drop_comment,
+    join_continuation,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import platformdirs
+from pip._vendor import packaging
+
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.version')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.requirements')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.markers')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.utils')
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+    raise RuntimeError("Python 3.5 or later is required")
+
+# declare some globals that will be defined later to
+# satisfy the linters.
+require = None
+working_set = None
+add_activation_listener = None
+resources_stream = None
+cleanup_resources = None
+resource_dir = None
+resource_stream = None
+set_extraction_path = None
+resource_isdir = None
+resource_string = None
+iter_entry_points = None
+resource_listdir = None
+resource_filename = None
+resource_exists = None
+_distribution_finders = None
+_namespace_handlers = None
+_namespace_packages = None
+
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. "
+    "See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2
+)
+
+
+_PEP440_FALLBACK = re.compile(r"^v?(?P<safe>(?:[0-9]+!)?[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)", re.I)
+
+
+class PEP440Warning(RuntimeWarning):
+    """
+    Used when there is an issue with a version or specifier not complying with
+    PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+parse_version = packaging.version.Version
+
+
+_state_vars = {}
+
+
+def _declare_state(vartype, **kw):
+    globals().update(kw)
+    _state_vars.update(dict.fromkeys(kw, vartype))
+
+
+def __getstate__():
+    state = {}
+    g = globals()
+    for k, v in _state_vars.items():
+        state[k] = g['_sget_' + v](g[k])
+    return state
+
+
+def __setstate__(state):
+    g = globals()
+    for k, v in state.items():
+        g['_sset_' + _state_vars[k]](k, g[k], v)
+    return state
+
+
+def _sget_dict(val):
+    return val.copy()
+
+
+def _sset_dict(key, ob, state):
+    ob.clear()
+    ob.update(state)
+
+
+def _sget_object(val):
+    return val.__getstate__()
+
+
+def _sset_object(key, ob, state):
+    ob.__setstate__(state)
+
+
+_sget_none = _sset_none = lambda *args: None
+
+
+def get_supported_platform():
+    """Return this platform's maximum compatible version.
+
+    distutils.util.get_platform() normally reports the minimum version
+    of macOS that would be required to *use* extensions produced by
+    distutils.  But what we want when checking compatibility is to know the
+    version of macOS that we are *running*.  To allow usage of packages that
+    explicitly require a newer version of macOS, we must also know the
+    current version of the OS.
+
+    If this condition occurs for any other platform with a version in its
+    platform strings, this function should be extended accordingly.
+    """
+    plat = get_build_platform()
+    m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
+    if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
+        try:
+            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macos_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
+        except ValueError:
+            # not macOS
+            pass
+    return plat
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Basic resource access and distribution/entry point discovery
+    'require',
+    'run_script',
+    'get_provider',
+    'get_distribution',
+    'load_entry_point',
+    'get_entry_map',
+    'get_entry_info',
+    'iter_entry_points',
+    'resource_string',
+    'resource_stream',
+    'resource_filename',
+    'resource_listdir',
+    'resource_exists',
+    'resource_isdir',
+    # Environmental control
+    'declare_namespace',
+    'working_set',
+    'add_activation_listener',
+    'find_distributions',
+    'set_extraction_path',
+    'cleanup_resources',
+    'get_default_cache',
+    # Primary implementation classes
+    'Environment',
+    'WorkingSet',
+    'ResourceManager',
+    'Distribution',
+    'Requirement',
+    'EntryPoint',
+    # Exceptions
+    'ResolutionError',
+    'VersionConflict',
+    'DistributionNotFound',
+    'UnknownExtra',
+    'ExtractionError',
+    # Warnings
+    'PEP440Warning',
+    # Parsing functions and string utilities
+    'parse_requirements',
+    'parse_version',
+    'safe_name',
+    'safe_version',
+    'get_platform',
+    'compatible_platforms',
+    'yield_lines',
+    'split_sections',
+    'safe_extra',
+    'to_filename',
+    'invalid_marker',
+    'evaluate_marker',
+    # filesystem utilities
+    'ensure_directory',
+    'normalize_path',
+    # Distribution "precedence" constants
+    'EGG_DIST',
+    'BINARY_DIST',
+    'SOURCE_DIST',
+    'CHECKOUT_DIST',
+    'DEVELOP_DIST',
+    # "Provider" interfaces, implementations, and registration/lookup APIs
+    'IMetadataProvider',
+    'IResourceProvider',
+    'FileMetadata',
+    'PathMetadata',
+    'EggMetadata',
+    'EmptyProvider',
+    'empty_provider',
+    'NullProvider',
+    'EggProvider',
+    'DefaultProvider',
+    'ZipProvider',
+    'register_finder',
+    'register_namespace_handler',
+    'register_loader_type',
+    'fixup_namespace_packages',
+    'get_importer',
+    # Warnings
+    'PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning',
+    # Deprecated/backward compatibility only
+    'run_main',
+    'AvailableDistributions',
+]
+
+
+class ResolutionError(Exception):
+    """Abstract base for dependency resolution errors"""
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + repr(self.args)
+
+
+class VersionConflict(ResolutionError):
+    """
+    An already-installed version conflicts with the requested version.
+
+    Should be initialized with the installed Distribution and the requested
+    Requirement.
+    """
+
+    _template = "{self.dist} is installed but {self.req} is required"
+
+    @property
+    def dist(self):
+        return self.args[0]
+
+    @property
+    def req(self):
+        return self.args[1]
+
+    def report(self):
+        return self._template.format(**locals())
+
+    def with_context(self, required_by):
+        """
+        If required_by is non-empty, return a version of self that is a
+        ContextualVersionConflict.
+        """
+        if not required_by:
+            return self
+        args = self.args + (required_by,)
+        return ContextualVersionConflict(*args)
+
+
+class ContextualVersionConflict(VersionConflict):
+    """
+    A VersionConflict that accepts a third parameter, the set of the
+    requirements that required the installed Distribution.
+    """
+
+    _template = VersionConflict._template + ' by {self.required_by}'
+
+    @property
+    def required_by(self):
+        return self.args[2]
+
+
+class DistributionNotFound(ResolutionError):
+    """A requested distribution was not found"""
+
+    _template = (
+        "The '{self.req}' distribution was not found "
+        "and is required by {self.requirers_str}"
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def req(self):
+        return self.args[0]
+
+    @property
+    def requirers(self):
+        return self.args[1]
+
+    @property
+    def requirers_str(self):
+        if not self.requirers:
+            return 'the application'
+        return ', '.join(self.requirers)
+
+    def report(self):
+        return self._template.format(**locals())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.report()
+
+
+class UnknownExtra(ResolutionError):
+    """Distribution doesn't have an "extra feature" of the given name"""
+
+
+_provider_factories = {}
+
+PY_MAJOR = '{}.{}'.format(*sys.version_info)
+EGG_DIST = 3
+BINARY_DIST = 2
+SOURCE_DIST = 1
+CHECKOUT_DIST = 0
+DEVELOP_DIST = -1
+
+
+def register_loader_type(loader_type, provider_factory):
+    """Register `provider_factory` to make providers for `loader_type`
+
+    `loader_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 ``module.__loader__``,
+    and `provider_factory` is a function that, passed a *module* object,
+    returns an ``IResourceProvider`` for that module.
+    """
+    _provider_factories[loader_type] = provider_factory
+
+
+def get_provider(moduleOrReq):
+    """Return an IResourceProvider for the named module or requirement"""
+    if isinstance(moduleOrReq, Requirement):
+        return working_set.find(moduleOrReq) or require(str(moduleOrReq))[0]
+    try:
+        module = sys.modules[moduleOrReq]
+    except KeyError:
+        __import__(moduleOrReq)
+        module = sys.modules[moduleOrReq]
+    loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+    return _find_adapter(_provider_factories, loader)(module)
+
+
+def _macos_vers(_cache=[]):
+    if not _cache:
+        version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+        # fallback for MacPorts
+        if version == '':
+            plist = '/System/Library/CoreServices/SystemVersion.plist'
+            if os.path.exists(plist):
+                if hasattr(plistlib, 'readPlist'):
+                    plist_content = plistlib.readPlist(plist)
+                    if 'ProductVersion' in plist_content:
+                        version = plist_content['ProductVersion']
+
+        _cache.append(version.split('.'))
+    return _cache[0]
+
+
+def _macos_arch(machine):
+    return {'PowerPC': 'ppc', 'Power_Macintosh': 'ppc'}.get(machine, machine)
+
+
+def get_build_platform():
+    """Return this platform's string for platform-specific distributions
+
+    XXX Currently this is the same as ``distutils.util.get_platform()``, but it
+    needs some hacks for Linux and macOS.
+    """
+    from sysconfig import get_platform
+
+    plat = get_platform()
+    if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
+        try:
+            version = _macos_vers()
+            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
+            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (
+                int(version[0]),
+                int(version[1]),
+                _macos_arch(machine),
+            )
+        except ValueError:
+            # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
+            # through to the default implementation
+            pass
+    return plat
+
+
+macosVersionString = re.compile(r"macosx-(\d+)\.(\d+)-(.*)")
+darwinVersionString = re.compile(r"darwin-(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)-(.*)")
+# XXX backward compat
+get_platform = get_build_platform
+
+
+def compatible_platforms(provided, required):
+    """Can code for the `provided` platform run on the `required` platform?
+
+    Returns true if either platform is ``None``, or the platforms are equal.
+
+    XXX Needs compatibility checks for Linux and other unixy OSes.
+    """
+    if provided is None or required is None or provided == required:
+        # easy case
+        return True
+
+    # macOS special cases
+    reqMac = macosVersionString.match(required)
+    if reqMac:
+        provMac = macosVersionString.match(provided)
+
+        # is this a Mac package?
+        if not provMac:
+            # this is backwards compatibility for packages built before
+            # setuptools 0.6. All packages built after this point will
+            # use the new macOS designation.
+            provDarwin = darwinVersionString.match(provided)
+            if provDarwin:
+                dversion = int(provDarwin.group(1))
+                macosversion = "%s.%s" % (reqMac.group(1), reqMac.group(2))
+                if (
+                    dversion == 7
+                    and macosversion >= "10.3"
+                    or dversion == 8
+                    and macosversion >= "10.4"
+                ):
+                    return True
+            # egg isn't macOS or legacy darwin
+            return False
+
+        # are they the same major version and machine type?
+        if provMac.group(1) != reqMac.group(1) or provMac.group(3) != reqMac.group(3):
+            return False
+
+        # is the required OS major update >= the provided one?
+        if int(provMac.group(2)) > int(reqMac.group(2)):
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    # XXX Linux and other platforms' special cases should go here
+    return False
+
+
+def run_script(dist_spec, script_name):
+    """Locate distribution `dist_spec` and run its `script_name` script"""
+    ns = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
+    name = ns['__name__']
+    ns.clear()
+    ns['__name__'] = name
+    require(dist_spec)[0].run_script(script_name, ns)
+
+
+# backward compatibility
+run_main = run_script
+
+
+def get_distribution(dist):
+    """Return a current distribution object for a Requirement or string"""
+    if isinstance(dist, str):
+        dist = Requirement.parse(dist)
+    if isinstance(dist, Requirement):
+        dist = get_provider(dist)
+    if not isinstance(dist, Distribution):
+        raise TypeError("Expected string, Requirement, or Distribution", dist)
+    return dist
+
+
+def load_entry_point(dist, group, name):
+    """Return `name` entry point of `group` for `dist` or raise ImportError"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
+
+
+def get_entry_map(dist, group=None):
+    """Return the entry point map for `group`, or the full entry map"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).get_entry_map(group)
+
+
+def get_entry_info(dist, group, name):
+    """Return the EntryPoint object for `group`+`name`, or ``None``"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).get_entry_info(group, name)
+
+
+class IMetadataProvider:
+    def has_metadata(name):
+        """Does the package's distribution contain the named metadata?"""
+
+    def get_metadata(name):
+        """The named metadata resource as a string"""
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(name):
+        """Yield named metadata resource as list of non-blank non-comment lines
+
+        Leading and trailing whitespace is stripped from each line, and lines
+        with ``#`` as the first non-blank character are omitted."""
+
+    def metadata_isdir(name):
+        """Is the named metadata a directory?  (like ``os.path.isdir()``)"""
+
+    def metadata_listdir(name):
+        """List of metadata names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``)"""
+
+    def run_script(script_name, namespace):
+        """Execute the named script in the supplied namespace dictionary"""
+
+
+class IResourceProvider(IMetadataProvider):
+    """An object that provides access to package resources"""
+
+    def get_resource_filename(manager, resource_name):
+        """Return a true filesystem path for `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be an ``IResourceManager``"""
+
+    def get_resource_stream(manager, resource_name):
+        """Return a readable file-like object for `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be an ``IResourceManager``"""
+
+    def get_resource_string(manager, resource_name):
+        """Return a string containing the contents of `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be an ``IResourceManager``"""
+
+    def has_resource(resource_name):
+        """Does the package contain the named resource?"""
+
+    def resource_isdir(resource_name):
+        """Is the named resource a directory?  (like ``os.path.isdir()``)"""
+
+    def resource_listdir(resource_name):
+        """List of resource names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``)"""
+
+
+class WorkingSet:
+    """A collection of active distributions on sys.path (or a similar list)"""
+
+    def __init__(self, entries=None):
+        """Create working set from list of path entries (default=sys.path)"""
+        self.entries = []
+        self.entry_keys = {}
+        self.by_key = {}
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys = {}
+        self.callbacks = []
+
+        if entries is None:
+            entries = sys.path
+
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.add_entry(entry)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_master(cls):
+        """
+        Prepare the master working set.
+        """
+        ws = cls()
+        try:
+            from __main__ import __requires__
+        except ImportError:
+            # The main program does not list any requirements
+            return ws
+
+        # ensure the requirements are met
+        try:
+            ws.require(__requires__)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
+
+        return ws
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_from_requirements(cls, req_spec):
+        """
+        Build a working set from a requirement spec. Rewrites sys.path.
+        """
+        # try it without defaults already on sys.path
+        # by starting with an empty path
+        ws = cls([])
+        reqs = parse_requirements(req_spec)
+        dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
+        for dist in dists:
+            ws.add(dist)
+
+        # add any missing entries from sys.path
+        for entry in sys.path:
+            if entry not in ws.entries:
+                ws.add_entry(entry)
+
+        # then copy back to sys.path
+        sys.path[:] = ws.entries
+        return ws
+
+    def add_entry(self, entry):
+        """Add a path item to ``.entries``, finding any distributions on it
+
+        ``find_distributions(entry, True)`` is used to find distributions
+        corresponding to the path entry, and they are added.  `entry` is
+        always appended to ``.entries``, even if it is already present.
+        (This is because ``sys.path`` can contain the same value more than
+        once, and the ``.entries`` of the ``sys.path`` WorkingSet should always
+        equal ``sys.path``.)
+        """
+        self.entry_keys.setdefault(entry, [])
+        self.entries.append(entry)
+        for dist in find_distributions(entry, True):
+            self.add(dist, entry, False)
+
+    def __contains__(self, dist):
+        """True if `dist` is the active distribution for its project"""
+        return self.by_key.get(dist.key) == dist
+
+    def find(self, req):
+        """Find a distribution matching requirement `req`
+
+        If there is an active distribution for the requested project, this
+        returns it as long as it meets the version requirement specified by
+        `req`.  But, if there is an active distribution for the project and it
+        does *not* meet the `req` requirement, ``VersionConflict`` is raised.
+        If there is no active distribution for the requested project, ``None``
+        is returned.
+        """
+        dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
+
+        if dist is None:
+            canonical_key = self.normalized_to_canonical_keys.get(req.key)
+
+            if canonical_key is not None:
+                req.key = canonical_key
+                dist = self.by_key.get(canonical_key)
+
+        if dist is not None and dist not in req:
+            # XXX add more info
+            raise VersionConflict(dist, req)
+        return dist
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self, group, name=None):
+        """Yield entry point objects from `group` matching `name`
+
+        If `name` is None, yields all entry points in `group` from all
+        distributions in the working set, otherwise only ones matching
+        both `group` and `name` are yielded (in distribution order).
+        """
+        return (
+            entry
+            for dist in self
+            for entry in dist.get_entry_map(group).values()
+            if name is None or name == entry.name
+        )
+
+    def run_script(self, requires, script_name):
+        """Locate distribution for `requires` and run `script_name` script"""
+        ns = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
+        name = ns['__name__']
+        ns.clear()
+        ns['__name__'] = name
+        self.require(requires)[0].run_script(script_name, ns)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Yield distributions for non-duplicate projects in the working set
+
+        The yield order is the order in which the items' path entries were
+        added to the working set.
+        """
+        seen = {}
+        for item in self.entries:
+            if item not in self.entry_keys:
+                # workaround a cache issue
+                continue
+
+            for key in self.entry_keys[item]:
+                if key not in seen:
+                    seen[key] = 1
+                    yield self.by_key[key]
+
+    def add(self, dist, entry=None, insert=True, replace=False):
+        """Add `dist` to working set, associated with `entry`
+
+        If `entry` is unspecified, it defaults to the ``.location`` of `dist`.
+        On exit from this routine, `entry` is added to the end of the working
+        set's ``.entries`` (if it wasn't already present).
+
+        `dist` is only added to the working set if it's for a project that
+        doesn't already have a distribution in the set, unless `replace=True`.
+        If it's added, any callbacks registered with the ``subscribe()`` method
+        will be called.
+        """
+        if insert:
+            dist.insert_on(self.entries, entry, replace=replace)
+
+        if entry is None:
+            entry = dist.location
+        keys = self.entry_keys.setdefault(entry, [])
+        keys2 = self.entry_keys.setdefault(dist.location, [])
+        if not replace and dist.key in self.by_key:
+            # ignore hidden distros
+            return
+
+        self.by_key[dist.key] = dist
+        normalized_name = packaging.utils.canonicalize_name(dist.key)
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys[normalized_name] = dist.key
+        if dist.key not in keys:
+            keys.append(dist.key)
+        if dist.key not in keys2:
+            keys2.append(dist.key)
+        self._added_new(dist)
+
+    def resolve(
+        self,
+        requirements,
+        env=None,
+        installer=None,
+        replace_conflicting=False,
+        extras=None,
+    ):
+        """List all distributions needed to (recursively) meet `requirements`
+
+        `requirements` must be a sequence of ``Requirement`` objects.  `env`,
+        if supplied, should be an ``Environment`` instance.  If
+        not supplied, it defaults to all distributions available within any
+        entry or distribution in the working set.  `installer`, if supplied,
+        will be invoked with each requirement that cannot be met by an
+        already-installed distribution; it should return a ``Distribution`` or
+        ``None``.
+
+        Unless `replace_conflicting=True`, raises a VersionConflict exception
+        if
+        any requirements are found on the path that have the correct name but
+        the wrong version.  Otherwise, if an `installer` is supplied it will be
+        invoked to obtain the correct version of the requirement and activate
+        it.
+
+        `extras` is a list of the extras to be used with these requirements.
+        This is important because extra requirements may look like `my_req;
+        extra = "my_extra"`, which would otherwise be interpreted as a purely
+        optional requirement.  Instead, we want to be able to assert that these
+        requirements are truly required.
+        """
+
+        # set up the stack
+        requirements = list(requirements)[::-1]
+        # set of processed requirements
+        processed = {}
+        # key -> dist
+        best = {}
+        to_activate = []
+
+        req_extras = _ReqExtras()
+
+        # Mapping of requirement to set of distributions that required it;
+        # useful for reporting info about conflicts.
+        required_by = collections.defaultdict(set)
+
+        while requirements:
+            # process dependencies breadth-first
+            req = requirements.pop(0)
+            if req in processed:
+                # Ignore cyclic or redundant dependencies
+                continue
+
+            if not req_extras.markers_pass(req, extras):
+                continue
+
+            dist = self._resolve_dist(
+                req, best, replace_conflicting, env, installer, required_by, to_activate
+            )
+
+            # push the new requirements onto the stack
+            new_requirements = dist.requires(req.extras)[::-1]
+            requirements.extend(new_requirements)
+
+            # Register the new requirements needed by req
+            for new_requirement in new_requirements:
+                required_by[new_requirement].add(req.project_name)
+                req_extras[new_requirement] = req.extras
+
+            processed[req] = True
+
+        # return list of distros to activate
+        return to_activate
+
+    def _resolve_dist(
+        self, req, best, replace_conflicting, env, installer, required_by, to_activate
+    ):
+        dist = best.get(req.key)
+        if dist is None:
+            # Find the best distribution and add it to the map
+            dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
+            if dist is None or (dist not in req and replace_conflicting):
+                ws = self
+                if env is None:
+                    if dist is None:
+                        env = Environment(self.entries)
+                    else:
+                        # Use an empty environment and workingset to avoid
+                        # any further conflicts with the conflicting
+                        # distribution
+                        env = Environment([])
+                        ws = WorkingSet([])
+                dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
+                    req, ws, installer, replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting
+                )
+                if dist is None:
+                    requirers = required_by.get(req, None)
+                    raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
+            to_activate.append(dist)
+        if dist not in req:
+            # Oops, the "best" so far conflicts with a dependency
+            dependent_req = required_by[req]
+            raise VersionConflict(dist, req).with_context(dependent_req)
+        return dist
+
+    def find_plugins(self, plugin_env, full_env=None, installer=None, fallback=True):
+        """Find all activatable distributions in `plugin_env`
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            distributions, errors = working_set.find_plugins(
+                Environment(plugin_dirlist)
+            )
+            # add plugins+libs to sys.path
+            map(working_set.add, distributions)
+            # display errors
+            print('Could not load', errors)
+
+        The `plugin_env` should be an ``Environment`` instance that contains
+        only distributions that are in the project's "plugin directory" or
+        directories. The `full_env`, if supplied, should be an ``Environment``
+        contains all currently-available distributions.  If `full_env` is not
+        supplied, one is created automatically from the ``WorkingSet`` this
+        method is called on, which will typically mean that every directory on
+        ``sys.path`` will be scanned for distributions.
+
+        `installer` is a standard installer callback as used by the
+        ``resolve()`` method. The `fallback` flag indicates whether we should
+        attempt to resolve older versions of a plugin if the newest version
+        cannot be resolved.
+
+        This method returns a 2-tuple: (`distributions`, `error_info`), where
+        `distributions` is a list of the distributions found in `plugin_env`
+        that were loadable, along with any other distributions that are needed
+        to resolve their dependencies.  `error_info` is a dictionary mapping
+        unloadable plugin distributions to an exception instance describing the
+        error that occurred. Usually this will be a ``DistributionNotFound`` or
+        ``VersionConflict`` instance.
+        """
+
+        plugin_projects = list(plugin_env)
+        # scan project names in alphabetic order
+        plugin_projects.sort()
+
+        error_info = {}
+        distributions = {}
+
+        if full_env is None:
+            env = Environment(self.entries)
+            env += plugin_env
+        else:
+            env = full_env + plugin_env
+
+        shadow_set = self.__class__([])
+        # put all our entries in shadow_set
+        list(map(shadow_set.add, self))
+
+        for project_name in plugin_projects:
+            for dist in plugin_env[project_name]:
+                req = [dist.as_requirement()]
+
+                try:
+                    resolvees = shadow_set.resolve(req, env, installer)
+
+                except ResolutionError as v:
+                    # save error info
+                    error_info[dist] = v
+                    if fallback:
+                        # try the next older version of project
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        # give up on this project, keep going
+                        break
+
+                else:
+                    list(map(shadow_set.add, resolvees))
+                    distributions.update(dict.fromkeys(resolvees))
+
+                    # success, no need to try any more versions of this project
+                    break
+
+        distributions = list(distributions)
+        distributions.sort()
+
+        return distributions, error_info
+
+    def require(self, *requirements):
+        """Ensure that distributions matching `requirements` are activated
+
+        `requirements` must be a string or a (possibly-nested) sequence
+        thereof, specifying the distributions and versions required.  The
+        return value is a sequence of the distributions that needed to be
+        activated to fulfill the requirements; all relevant distributions are
+        included, even if they were already activated in this working set.
+        """
+        needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
+
+        for dist in needed:
+            self.add(dist)
+
+        return needed
+
+    def subscribe(self, callback, existing=True):
+        """Invoke `callback` for all distributions
+
+        If `existing=True` (default),
+        call on all existing ones, as well.
+        """
+        if callback in self.callbacks:
+            return
+        self.callbacks.append(callback)
+        if not existing:
+            return
+        for dist in self:
+            callback(dist)
+
+    def _added_new(self, dist):
+        for callback in self.callbacks:
+            callback(dist)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return (
+            self.entries[:],
+            self.entry_keys.copy(),
+            self.by_key.copy(),
+            self.normalized_to_canonical_keys.copy(),
+            self.callbacks[:],
+        )
+
+    def __setstate__(self, e_k_b_n_c):
+        entries, keys, by_key, normalized_to_canonical_keys, callbacks = e_k_b_n_c
+        self.entries = entries[:]
+        self.entry_keys = keys.copy()
+        self.by_key = by_key.copy()
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys = normalized_to_canonical_keys.copy()
+        self.callbacks = callbacks[:]
+
+
+class _ReqExtras(dict):
+    """
+    Map each requirement to the extras that demanded it.
+    """
+
+    def markers_pass(self, req, extras=None):
+        """
+        Evaluate markers for req against each extra that
+        demanded it.
+
+        Return False if the req has a marker and fails
+        evaluation. Otherwise, return True.
+        """
+        extra_evals = (
+            req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra})
+            for extra in self.get(req, ()) + (extras or (None,))
+        )
+        return not req.marker or any(extra_evals)
+
+
+class Environment:
+    """Searchable snapshot of distributions on a search path"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, search_path=None, platform=get_supported_platform(), python=PY_MAJOR
+    ):
+        """Snapshot distributions available on a search path
+
+        Any distributions found on `search_path` are added to the environment.
+        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
+        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.
+
+        `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform
+        that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with.  If
+        unspecified, it defaults to the current platform.  `python` is an
+        optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'3.6'``);
+        it defaults to the current version.
+
+        You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you
+        wish to map *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the
+        running platform or Python version.
+        """
+        self._distmap = {}
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.python = python
+        self.scan(search_path)
+
+    def can_add(self, dist):
+        """Is distribution `dist` acceptable for this environment?
+
+        The distribution must match the platform and python version
+        requirements specified when this environment was created, or False
+        is returned.
+        """
+        py_compat = (
+            self.python is None
+            or dist.py_version is None
+            or dist.py_version == self.python
+        )
+        return py_compat and compatible_platforms(dist.platform, self.platform)
+
+    def remove(self, dist):
+        """Remove `dist` from the environment"""
+        self._distmap[dist.key].remove(dist)
+
+    def scan(self, search_path=None):
+        """Scan `search_path` for distributions usable in this environment
+
+        Any distributions found are added to the environment.
+        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
+        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.  Only distributions conforming to
+        the platform/python version defined at initialization are added.
+        """
+        if search_path is None:
+            search_path = sys.path
+
+        for item in search_path:
+            for dist in find_distributions(item):
+                self.add(dist)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, project_name):
+        """Return a newest-to-oldest list of distributions for `project_name`
+
+        Uses case-insensitive `project_name` comparison, assuming all the
+        project's distributions use their project's name converted to all
+        lowercase as their key.
+
+        """
+        distribution_key = project_name.lower()
+        return self._distmap.get(distribution_key, [])
+
+    def add(self, dist):
+        """Add `dist` if we ``can_add()`` it and it has not already been added"""
+        if self.can_add(dist) and dist.has_version():
+            dists = self._distmap.setdefault(dist.key, [])
+            if dist not in dists:
+                dists.append(dist)
+                dists.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('hashcmp'), reverse=True)
+
+    def best_match(self, req, working_set, installer=None, replace_conflicting=False):
+        """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`
+
+        This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
+        suitable distribution is already active.  (This may raise
+        ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already
+        active in the specified `working_set`.)  If a suitable distribution
+        isn't active, this method returns the newest distribution in the
+        environment that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`.  If no suitable
+        distribution is found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of
+        calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
+        returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            dist = working_set.find(req)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            if not replace_conflicting:
+                raise
+            dist = None
+        if dist is not None:
+            return dist
+        for dist in self[req.key]:
+            if dist in req:
+                return dist
+        # try to download/install
+        return self.obtain(req, installer)
+
+    def obtain(self, requirement, installer=None):
+        """Obtain a distribution matching `requirement` (e.g. via download)
+
+        Obtain a distro that matches requirement (e.g. via download).  In the
+        base ``Environment`` class, this routine just returns
+        ``installer(requirement)``, unless `installer` is None, in which case
+        None is returned instead.  This method is a hook that allows subclasses
+        to attempt other ways of obtaining a distribution before falling back
+        to the `installer` argument."""
+        if installer is not None:
+            return installer(requirement)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Yield the unique project names of the available distributions"""
+        for key in self._distmap.keys():
+            if self[key]:
+                yield key
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        """In-place addition of a distribution or environment"""
+        if isinstance(other, Distribution):
+            self.add(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, Environment):
+            for project in other:
+                for dist in other[project]:
+                    self.add(dist)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Can't add %r to environment" % (other,))
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """Add an environment or distribution to an environment"""
+        new = self.__class__([], platform=None, python=None)
+        for env in self, other:
+            new += env
+        return new
+
+
+# XXX backward compatibility
+AvailableDistributions = Environment
+
+
+class ExtractionError(RuntimeError):
+    """An error occurred extracting a resource
+
+    The following attributes are available from instances of this exception:
+
+    manager
+        The resource manager that raised this exception
+
+    cache_path
+        The base directory for resource extraction
+
+    original_error
+        The exception instance that caused extraction to fail
+    """
+
+
+class ResourceManager:
+    """Manage resource extraction and packages"""
+
+    extraction_path = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.cached_files = {}
+
+    def resource_exists(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Does the named resource exist?"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).has_resource(resource_name)
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Is the named resource an existing directory?"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).resource_isdir(resource_name)
+
+    def resource_filename(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Return a true filesystem path for specified resource"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_filename(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_stream(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Return a readable file-like object for specified resource"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_stream(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_string(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Return specified resource as a string"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_string(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """List the contents of the named resource directory"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).resource_listdir(resource_name)
+
+    def extraction_error(self):
+        """Give an error message for problems extracting file(s)"""
+
+        old_exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+        cache_path = self.extraction_path or get_default_cache()
+
+        tmpl = textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            Can't extract file(s) to egg cache
+
+            The following error occurred while trying to extract file(s)
+            to the Python egg cache:
+
+              {old_exc}
+
+            The Python egg cache directory is currently set to:
+
+              {cache_path}
+
+            Perhaps your account does not have write access to this directory?
+            You can change the cache directory by setting the PYTHON_EGG_CACHE
+            environment variable to point to an accessible directory.
+            """
+        ).lstrip()
+        err = ExtractionError(tmpl.format(**locals()))
+        err.manager = self
+        err.cache_path = cache_path
+        err.original_error = old_exc
+        raise err
+
+    def get_cache_path(self, archive_name, names=()):
+        """Return absolute location in cache for `archive_name` and `names`
+
+        The parent directory of the resulting path will be created if it does
+        not already exist.  `archive_name` should be the base filename of the
+        enclosing egg (which may not be the name of the enclosing zipfile!),
+        including its ".egg" extension.  `names`, if provided, should be a
+        sequence of path name parts "under" the egg's extraction location.
+
+        This method should only be called by resource providers that need to
+        obtain an extraction location, and only for names they intend to
+        extract, as it tracks the generated names for possible cleanup later.
+        """
+        extract_path = self.extraction_path or get_default_cache()
+        target_path = os.path.join(extract_path, archive_name + '-tmp', *names)
+        try:
+            _bypass_ensure_directory(target_path)
+        except Exception:
+            self.extraction_error()
+
+        self._warn_unsafe_extraction_path(extract_path)
+
+        self.cached_files[target_path] = 1
+        return target_path
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _warn_unsafe_extraction_path(path):
+        """
+        If the default extraction path is overridden and set to an insecure
+        location, such as /tmp, it opens up an opportunity for an attacker to
+        replace an extracted file with an unauthorized payload. Warn the user
+        if a known insecure location is used.
+
+        See Distribute #375 for more details.
+        """
+        if os.name == 'nt' and not path.startswith(os.environ['windir']):
+            # On Windows, permissions are generally restrictive by default
+            #  and temp directories are not writable by other users, so
+            #  bypass the warning.
+            return
+        mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+        if mode & stat.S_IWOTH or mode & stat.S_IWGRP:
+            msg = (
+                "Extraction path is writable by group/others "
+                "and vulnerable to attack when "
+                "used with get_resource_filename ({path}). "
+                "Consider a more secure "
+                "location (set with .set_extraction_path or the "
+                "PYTHON_EGG_CACHE environment variable)."
+            ).format(**locals())
+            warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning)
+
+    def postprocess(self, tempname, filename):
+        """Perform any platform-specific postprocessing of `tempname`
+
+        This is where Mac header rewrites should be done; other platforms don't
+        have anything special they should do.
+
+        Resource providers should call this method ONLY after successfully
+        extracting a compressed resource.  They must NOT call it on resources
+        that are already in the filesystem.
+
+        `tempname` is the current (temporary) name of the file, and `filename`
+        is the name it will be renamed to by the caller after this routine
+        returns.
+        """
+
+        if os.name == 'posix':
+            # Make the resource executable
+            mode = ((os.stat(tempname).st_mode) | 0o555) & 0o7777
+            os.chmod(tempname, mode)
+
+    def set_extraction_path(self, path):
+        """Set the base path where resources will be extracted to, if needed.
+
+        If you do not call this routine before any extractions take place, the
+        path defaults to the return value of ``get_default_cache()``.  (Which
+        is based on the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable, with various
+        platform-specific fallbacks.  See that routine's documentation for more
+        details.)
+
+        Resources are extracted to subdirectories of this path based upon
+        information given by the ``IResourceProvider``.  You may set this to a
+        temporary directory, but then you must call ``cleanup_resources()`` to
+        delete the extracted files when done.  There is no guarantee that
+        ``cleanup_resources()`` will be able to remove all extracted files.
+
+        (Note: you may not change the extraction path for a given resource
+        manager once resources have been extracted, unless you first call
+        ``cleanup_resources()``.)
+        """
+        if self.cached_files:
+            raise ValueError("Can't change extraction path, files already extracted")
+
+        self.extraction_path = path
+
+    def cleanup_resources(self, force=False):
+        """
+        Delete all extracted resource files and directories, returning a list
+        of the file and directory names that could not be successfully removed.
+        This function does not have any concurrency protection, so it should
+        generally only be called when the extraction path is a temporary
+        directory exclusive to a single process.  This method is not
+        automatically called; you must call it explicitly or register it as an
+        ``atexit`` function if you wish to ensure cleanup of a temporary
+        directory used for extractions.
+        """
+        # XXX
+
+
+def get_default_cache():
+    """
+    Return the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable
+    or a platform-relevant user cache dir for an app
+    named "Python-Eggs".
+    """
+    return os.environ.get('PYTHON_EGG_CACHE') or platformdirs.user_cache_dir(
+        appname='Python-Eggs'
+    )
+
+
+def safe_name(name):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard distribution name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric/. characters are replaced with a single '-'.
+    """
+    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', name)
+
+
+def safe_version(version):
+    """
+    Convert an arbitrary string to a standard version string
+    """
+    try:
+        # normalize the version
+        return str(packaging.version.Version(version))
+    except packaging.version.InvalidVersion:
+        version = version.replace(' ', '.')
+        return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', version)
+
+
+def _forgiving_version(version):
+    """Fallback when ``safe_version`` is not safe enough
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.23ubuntu1'))
+    <Version('0.23.dev0+sanitized.ubuntu1')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.23-'))
+    <Version('0.23.dev0+sanitized')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.-_'))
+    <Version('0.dev0+sanitized')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('42.+?1'))
+    <Version('42.dev0+sanitized.1')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('hello world'))
+    <Version('0.dev0+sanitized.hello.world')>
+    """
+    version = version.replace(' ', '.')
+    match = _PEP440_FALLBACK.search(version)
+    if match:
+        safe = match["safe"]
+        rest = version[len(safe):]
+    else:
+        safe = "0"
+        rest = version
+    local = f"sanitized.{_safe_segment(rest)}".strip(".")
+    return f"{safe}.dev0+{local}"
+
+
+def _safe_segment(segment):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string into a safe segment"""
+    segment = re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', segment)
+    segment = re.sub('-[^A-Za-z0-9]+', '-', segment)
+    return re.sub(r'\.[^A-Za-z0-9]+', '.', segment).strip(".-")
+
+
+def safe_extra(extra):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard 'extra' name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a single '_',
+    and the result is always lowercased.
+    """
+    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+', '_', extra).lower()
+
+
+def to_filename(name):
+    """Convert a project or version name to its filename-escaped form
+
+    Any '-' characters are currently replaced with '_'.
+    """
+    return name.replace('-', '_')
+
+
+def invalid_marker(text):
+    """
+    Validate text as a PEP 508 environment marker; return an exception
+    if invalid or False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        evaluate_marker(text)
+    except SyntaxError as e:
+        e.filename = None
+        e.lineno = None
+        return e
+    return False
+
+
+def evaluate_marker(text, extra=None):
+    """
+    Evaluate a PEP 508 environment marker.
+    Return a boolean indicating the marker result in this environment.
+    Raise SyntaxError if marker is invalid.
+
+    This implementation uses the 'pyparsing' module.
+    """
+    try:
+        marker = packaging.markers.Marker(text)
+        return marker.evaluate()
+    except packaging.markers.InvalidMarker as e:
+        raise SyntaxError(e) from e
+
+
+class NullProvider:
+    """Try to implement resources and metadata for arbitrary PEP 302 loaders"""
+
+    egg_name = None
+    egg_info = None
+    loader = None
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        self.module_path = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
+
+    def get_resource_filename(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name)
+
+    def get_resource_stream(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return io.BytesIO(self.get_resource_string(manager, resource_name))
+
+    def get_resource_string(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return self._get(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def has_resource(self, resource_name):
+        return self._has(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def _get_metadata_path(self, name):
+        return self._fn(self.egg_info, name)
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name):
+        if not self.egg_info:
+            return self.egg_info
+
+        path = self._get_metadata_path(name)
+        return self._has(path)
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name):
+        if not self.egg_info:
+            return ""
+        path = self._get_metadata_path(name)
+        value = self._get(path)
+        try:
+            return value.decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            # Include the path in the error message to simplify
+            # troubleshooting, and without changing the exception type.
+            exc.reason += ' in {} file at path: {}'.format(name, path)
+            raise
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name):
+        return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, resource_name):
+        return self._isdir(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name):
+        return self.egg_info and self._isdir(self._fn(self.egg_info, name))
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, resource_name):
+        return self._listdir(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name):
+        if self.egg_info:
+            return self._listdir(self._fn(self.egg_info, name))
+        return []
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name, namespace):
+        script = 'scripts/' + script_name
+        if not self.has_metadata(script):
+            raise ResolutionError(
+                "Script {script!r} not found in metadata at {self.egg_info!r}".format(
+                    **locals()
+                ),
+            )
+        script_text = self.get_metadata(script).replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        script_text = script_text.replace('\r', '\n')
+        script_filename = self._fn(self.egg_info, script)
+        namespace['__file__'] = script_filename
+        if os.path.exists(script_filename):
+            with open(script_filename) as fid:
+                source = fid.read()
+            code = compile(source, script_filename, 'exec')
+            exec(code, namespace, namespace)
+        else:
+            from linecache import cache
+
+            cache[script_filename] = (
+                len(script_text),
+                0,
+                script_text.split('\n'),
+                script_filename,
+            )
+            script_code = compile(script_text, script_filename, 'exec')
+            exec(script_code, namespace, namespace)
+
+    def _has(self, path):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _isdir(self, path):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _fn(self, base, resource_name):
+        self._validate_resource_path(resource_name)
+        if resource_name:
+            return os.path.join(base, *resource_name.split('/'))
+        return base
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_resource_path(path):
+        """
+        Validate the resource paths according to the docs.
+        https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#basic-resource-access
+
+        >>> warned = getfixture('recwarn')
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        >>> vrp = NullProvider._validate_resource_path
+        >>> vrp('foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+        >>> vrp('../foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> warned.clear()
+        >>> vrp('/foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> vrp('foo/../../bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> warned.clear()
+        >>> vrp('foo/f../bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+
+        Windows path separators are straight-up disallowed.
+        >>> vrp(r'\\foo/bar.txt')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path \
+is not allowed.
+
+        >>> vrp(r'C:\\foo/bar.txt')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path \
+is not allowed.
+
+        Blank values are allowed
+
+        >>> vrp('')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+
+        Non-string values are not.
+
+        >>> vrp(None)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AttributeError: ...
+        """
+        invalid = (
+            os.path.pardir in path.split(posixpath.sep)
+            or posixpath.isabs(path)
+            or ntpath.isabs(path)
+        )
+        if not invalid:
+            return
+
+        msg = "Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path is not allowed."
+
+        # Aggressively disallow Windows absolute paths
+        if ntpath.isabs(path) and not posixpath.isabs(path):
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        # for compatibility, warn; in future
+        # raise ValueError(msg)
+        issue_warning(
+            msg[:-1] + " and will raise exceptions in a future release.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        if hasattr(self.loader, 'get_data'):
+            return self.loader.get_data(path)
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for loaders without 'get_data()'"
+        )
+
+
+register_loader_type(object, NullProvider)
+
+
+def _parents(path):
+    """
+    yield all parents of path including path
+    """
+    last = None
+    while path != last:
+        yield path
+        last = path
+        path, _ = os.path.split(path)
+
+
+class EggProvider(NullProvider):
+    """Provider based on a virtual filesystem"""
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super().__init__(module)
+        self._setup_prefix()
+
+    def _setup_prefix(self):
+        # Assume that metadata may be nested inside a "basket"
+        # of multiple eggs and use module_path instead of .archive.
+        eggs = filter(_is_egg_path, _parents(self.module_path))
+        egg = next(eggs, None)
+        egg and self._set_egg(egg)
+
+    def _set_egg(self, path):
+        self.egg_name = os.path.basename(path)
+        self.egg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
+        self.egg_root = path
+
+
+class DefaultProvider(EggProvider):
+    """Provides access to package resources in the filesystem"""
+
+    def _has(self, path):
+        return os.path.exists(path)
+
+    def _isdir(self, path):
+        return os.path.isdir(path)
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        return os.listdir(path)
+
+    def get_resource_stream(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return open(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name), 'rb')
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        with open(path, 'rb') as stream:
+            return stream.read()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _register(cls):
+        loader_names = (
+            'SourceFileLoader',
+            'SourcelessFileLoader',
+        )
+        for name in loader_names:
+            loader_cls = getattr(importlib_machinery, name, type(None))
+            register_loader_type(loader_cls, cls)
+
+
+DefaultProvider._register()
+
+
+class EmptyProvider(NullProvider):
+    """Provider that returns nothing for all requests"""
+
+    module_path = None
+
+    _isdir = _has = lambda self, path: False
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        return ''
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        return []
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+empty_provider = EmptyProvider()
+
+
+class ZipManifests(dict):
+    """
+    zip manifest builder
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(cls, path):
+        """
+        Build a dictionary similar to the zipimport directory
+        caches, except instead of tuples, store ZipInfo objects.
+
+        Use a platform-specific path separator (os.sep) for the path keys
+        for compatibility with pypy on Windows.
+        """
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as zfile:
+            items = (
+                (
+                    name.replace('/', os.sep),
+                    zfile.getinfo(name),
+                )
+                for name in zfile.namelist()
+            )
+            return dict(items)
+
+    load = build
+
+
+class MemoizedZipManifests(ZipManifests):
+    """
+    Memoized zipfile manifests.
+    """
+
+    manifest_mod = collections.namedtuple('manifest_mod', 'manifest mtime')
+
+    def load(self, path):
+        """
+        Load a manifest at path or return a suitable manifest already loaded.
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(path)
+        mtime = os.stat(path).st_mtime
+
+        if path not in self or self[path].mtime != mtime:
+            manifest = self.build(path)
+            self[path] = self.manifest_mod(manifest, mtime)
+
+        return self[path].manifest
+
+
+class ZipProvider(EggProvider):
+    """Resource support for zips and eggs"""
+
+    eagers = None
+    _zip_manifests = MemoizedZipManifests()
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super().__init__(module)
+        self.zip_pre = self.loader.archive + os.sep
+
+    def _zipinfo_name(self, fspath):
+        # Convert a virtual filename (full path to file) into a zipfile subpath
+        # usable with the zipimport directory cache for our target archive
+        fspath = fspath.rstrip(os.sep)
+        if fspath == self.loader.archive:
+            return ''
+        if fspath.startswith(self.zip_pre):
+            return fspath[len(self.zip_pre) :]
+        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.zip_pre))
+
+    def _parts(self, zip_path):
+        # Convert a zipfile subpath into an egg-relative path part list.
+        # pseudo-fs path
+        fspath = self.zip_pre + zip_path
+        if fspath.startswith(self.egg_root + os.sep):
+            return fspath[len(self.egg_root) + 1 :].split(os.sep)
+        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.egg_root))
+
+    @property
+    def zipinfo(self):
+        return self._zip_manifests.load(self.loader.archive)
+
+    def get_resource_filename(self, manager, resource_name):
+        if not self.egg_name:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "resource_filename() only supported for .egg, not .zip"
+            )
+        # no need to lock for extraction, since we use temp names
+        zip_path = self._resource_to_zip(resource_name)
+        eagers = self._get_eager_resources()
+        if '/'.join(self._parts(zip_path)) in eagers:
+            for name in eagers:
+                self._extract_resource(manager, self._eager_to_zip(name))
+        return self._extract_resource(manager, zip_path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_date_and_size(zip_stat):
+        size = zip_stat.file_size
+        # ymdhms+wday, yday, dst
+        date_time = zip_stat.date_time + (0, 0, -1)
+        # 1980 offset already done
+        timestamp = time.mktime(date_time)
+        return timestamp, size
+
+    # FIXME: 'ZipProvider._extract_resource' is too complex (12)
+    def _extract_resource(self, manager, zip_path):  # noqa: C901
+        if zip_path in self._index():
+            for name in self._index()[zip_path]:
+                last = self._extract_resource(manager, os.path.join(zip_path, name))
+            # return the extracted directory name
+            return os.path.dirname(last)
+
+        timestamp, size = self._get_date_and_size(self.zipinfo[zip_path])
+
+        if not WRITE_SUPPORT:
+            raise IOError(
+                '"os.rename" and "os.unlink" are not supported ' 'on this platform'
+            )
+        try:
+            real_path = manager.get_cache_path(self.egg_name, self._parts(zip_path))
+
+            if self._is_current(real_path, zip_path):
+                return real_path
+
+            outf, tmpnam = _mkstemp(
+                ".$extract",
+                dir=os.path.dirname(real_path),
+            )
+            os.write(outf, self.loader.get_data(zip_path))
+            os.close(outf)
+            utime(tmpnam, (timestamp, timestamp))
+            manager.postprocess(tmpnam, real_path)
+
+            try:
+                rename(tmpnam, real_path)
+
+            except os.error:
+                if os.path.isfile(real_path):
+                    if self._is_current(real_path, zip_path):
+                        # the file became current since it was checked above,
+                        #  so proceed.
+                        return real_path
+                    # Windows, del old file and retry
+                    elif os.name == 'nt':
+                        unlink(real_path)
+                        rename(tmpnam, real_path)
+                        return real_path
+                raise
+
+        except os.error:
+            # report a user-friendly error
+            manager.extraction_error()
+
+        return real_path
+
+    def _is_current(self, file_path, zip_path):
+        """
+        Return True if the file_path is current for this zip_path
+        """
+        timestamp, size = self._get_date_and_size(self.zipinfo[zip_path])
+        if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
+            return False
+        stat = os.stat(file_path)
+        if stat.st_size != size or stat.st_mtime != timestamp:
+            return False
+        # check that the contents match
+        zip_contents = self.loader.get_data(zip_path)
+        with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
+            file_contents = f.read()
+        return zip_contents == file_contents
+
+    def _get_eager_resources(self):
+        if self.eagers is None:
+            eagers = []
+            for name in ('native_libs.txt', 'eager_resources.txt'):
+                if self.has_metadata(name):
+                    eagers.extend(self.get_metadata_lines(name))
+            self.eagers = eagers
+        return self.eagers
+
+    def _index(self):
+        try:
+            return self._dirindex
+        except AttributeError:
+            ind = {}
+            for path in self.zipinfo:
+                parts = path.split(os.sep)
+                while parts:
+                    parent = os.sep.join(parts[:-1])
+                    if parent in ind:
+                        ind[parent].append(parts[-1])
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        ind[parent] = [parts.pop()]
+            self._dirindex = ind
+            return ind
+
+    def _has(self, fspath):
+        zip_path = self._zipinfo_name(fspath)
+        return zip_path in self.zipinfo or zip_path in self._index()
+
+    def _isdir(self, fspath):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(fspath) in self._index()
+
+    def _listdir(self, fspath):
+        return list(self._index().get(self._zipinfo_name(fspath), ()))
+
+    def _eager_to_zip(self, resource_name):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(self._fn(self.egg_root, resource_name))
+
+    def _resource_to_zip(self, resource_name):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+
+register_loader_type(zipimport.zipimporter, ZipProvider)
+
+
+class FileMetadata(EmptyProvider):
+    """Metadata handler for standalone PKG-INFO files
+
+    Usage::
+
+        metadata = FileMetadata("/path/to/PKG-INFO")
+
+    This provider rejects all data and metadata requests except for PKG-INFO,
+    which is treated as existing, and will be the contents of the file at
+    the provided location.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+
+    def _get_metadata_path(self, name):
+        return self.path
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name):
+        return name == 'PKG-INFO' and os.path.isfile(self.path)
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name):
+        if name != 'PKG-INFO':
+            raise KeyError("No metadata except PKG-INFO is available")
+
+        with io.open(self.path, encoding='utf-8', errors="replace") as f:
+            metadata = f.read()
+        self._warn_on_replacement(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    def _warn_on_replacement(self, metadata):
+        replacement_char = '�'
+        if replacement_char in metadata:
+            tmpl = "{self.path} could not be properly decoded in UTF-8"
+            msg = tmpl.format(**locals())
+            warnings.warn(msg)
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name):
+        return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+
+class PathMetadata(DefaultProvider):
+    """Metadata provider for egg directories
+
+    Usage::
+
+        # Development eggs:
+
+        egg_info = "/path/to/PackageName.egg-info"
+        base_dir = os.path.dirname(egg_info)
+        metadata = PathMetadata(base_dir, egg_info)
+        dist_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(egg_info))[0]
+        dist = Distribution(basedir, project_name=dist_name, metadata=metadata)
+
+        # Unpacked egg directories:
+
+        egg_path = "/path/to/PackageName-ver-pyver-etc.egg"
+        metadata = PathMetadata(egg_path, os.path.join(egg_path,'EGG-INFO'))
+        dist = Distribution.from_filename(egg_path, metadata=metadata)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path, egg_info):
+        self.module_path = path
+        self.egg_info = egg_info
+
+
+class EggMetadata(ZipProvider):
+    """Metadata provider for .egg files"""
+
+    def __init__(self, importer):
+        """Create a metadata provider from a zipimporter"""
+
+        self.zip_pre = importer.archive + os.sep
+        self.loader = importer
+        if importer.prefix:
+            self.module_path = os.path.join(importer.archive, importer.prefix)
+        else:
+            self.module_path = importer.archive
+        self._setup_prefix()
+
+
+_declare_state('dict', _distribution_finders={})
+
+
+def register_finder(importer_type, distribution_finder):
+    """Register `distribution_finder` to find distributions in sys.path items
+
+    `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (sys.path item
+    handler), and `distribution_finder` is a callable that, passed a path
+    item and the importer instance, yields ``Distribution`` instances found on
+    that path item.  See ``pkg_resources.find_on_path`` for an example."""
+    _distribution_finders[importer_type] = distribution_finder
+
+
+def find_distributions(path_item, only=False):
+    """Yield distributions accessible via `path_item`"""
+    importer = get_importer(path_item)
+    finder = _find_adapter(_distribution_finders, importer)
+    return finder(importer, path_item, only)
+
+
+def find_eggs_in_zip(importer, path_item, only=False):
+    """
+    Find eggs in zip files; possibly multiple nested eggs.
+    """
+    if importer.archive.endswith('.whl'):
+        # wheels are not supported with this finder
+        # they don't have PKG-INFO metadata, and won't ever contain eggs
+        return
+    metadata = EggMetadata(importer)
+    if metadata.has_metadata('PKG-INFO'):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(path_item, metadata=metadata)
+    if only:
+        # don't yield nested distros
+        return
+    for subitem in metadata.resource_listdir(''):
+        if _is_egg_path(subitem):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            dists = find_eggs_in_zip(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath), subpath)
+            for dist in dists:
+                yield dist
+        elif subitem.lower().endswith(('.dist-info', '.egg-info')):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            submeta = EggMetadata(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath))
+            submeta.egg_info = subpath
+            yield Distribution.from_location(path_item, subitem, submeta)
+
+
+register_finder(zipimport.zipimporter, find_eggs_in_zip)
+
+
+def find_nothing(importer, path_item, only=False):
+    return ()
+
+
+register_finder(object, find_nothing)
+
+
+def find_on_path(importer, path_item, only=False):
+    """Yield distributions accessible on a sys.path directory"""
+    path_item = _normalize_cached(path_item)
+
+    if _is_unpacked_egg(path_item):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(
+            path_item,
+            metadata=PathMetadata(path_item, os.path.join(path_item, 'EGG-INFO')),
+        )
+        return
+
+    entries = (os.path.join(path_item, child) for child in safe_listdir(path_item))
+
+    # scan for .egg and .egg-info in directory
+    for entry in sorted(entries):
+        fullpath = os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+        factory = dist_factory(path_item, entry, only)
+        for dist in factory(fullpath):
+            yield dist
+
+
+def dist_factory(path_item, entry, only):
+    """Return a dist_factory for the given entry."""
+    lower = entry.lower()
+    is_egg_info = lower.endswith('.egg-info')
+    is_dist_info = lower.endswith('.dist-info') and os.path.isdir(
+        os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+    )
+    is_meta = is_egg_info or is_dist_info
+    return (
+        distributions_from_metadata
+        if is_meta
+        else find_distributions
+        if not only and _is_egg_path(entry)
+        else resolve_egg_link
+        if not only and lower.endswith('.egg-link')
+        else NoDists()
+    )
+
+
+class NoDists:
+    """
+    >>> bool(NoDists())
+    False
+
+    >>> list(NoDists()('anything'))
+    []
+    """
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __call__(self, fullpath):
+        return iter(())
+
+
+def safe_listdir(path):
+    """
+    Attempt to list contents of path, but suppress some exceptions.
+    """
+    try:
+        return os.listdir(path)
+    except (PermissionError, NotADirectoryError):
+        pass
+    except OSError as e:
+        # Ignore the directory if does not exist, not a directory or
+        # permission denied
+        if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTDIR, errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT):
+            raise
+    return ()
+
+
+def distributions_from_metadata(path):
+    root = os.path.dirname(path)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if len(os.listdir(path)) == 0:
+            # empty metadata dir; skip
+            return
+        metadata = PathMetadata(root, path)
+    else:
+        metadata = FileMetadata(path)
+    entry = os.path.basename(path)
+    yield Distribution.from_location(
+        root,
+        entry,
+        metadata,
+        precedence=DEVELOP_DIST,
+    )
+
+
+def non_empty_lines(path):
+    """
+    Yield non-empty lines from file at path
+    """
+    with open(path) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.strip()
+            if line:
+                yield line
+
+
+def resolve_egg_link(path):
+    """
+    Given a path to an .egg-link, resolve distributions
+    present in the referenced path.
+    """
+    referenced_paths = non_empty_lines(path)
+    resolved_paths = (
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(path), ref) for ref in referenced_paths
+    )
+    dist_groups = map(find_distributions, resolved_paths)
+    return next(dist_groups, ())
+
+
+if hasattr(pkgutil, 'ImpImporter'):
+    register_finder(pkgutil.ImpImporter, find_on_path)
+
+register_finder(importlib_machinery.FileFinder, find_on_path)
+
+_declare_state('dict', _namespace_handlers={})
+_declare_state('dict', _namespace_packages={})
+
+
+def register_namespace_handler(importer_type, namespace_handler):
+    """Register `namespace_handler` to declare namespace packages
+
+    `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (sys.path item
+    handler), and `namespace_handler` is a callable like this::
+
+        def namespace_handler(importer, path_entry, moduleName, module):
+            # return a path_entry to use for child packages
+
+    Namespace handlers are only called if the importer object has already
+    agreed that it can handle the relevant path item, and they should only
+    return a subpath if the module __path__ does not already contain an
+    equivalent subpath.  For an example namespace handler, see
+    ``pkg_resources.file_ns_handler``.
+    """
+    _namespace_handlers[importer_type] = namespace_handler
+
+
+def _handle_ns(packageName, path_item):
+    """Ensure that named package includes a subpath of path_item (if needed)"""
+
+    importer = get_importer(path_item)
+    if importer is None:
+        return None
+
+    # use find_spec (PEP 451) and fall-back to find_module (PEP 302)
+    try:
+        spec = importer.find_spec(packageName)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # capture warnings due to #1111
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+            loader = importer.find_module(packageName)
+    else:
+        loader = spec.loader if spec else None
+
+    if loader is None:
+        return None
+    module = sys.modules.get(packageName)
+    if module is None:
+        module = sys.modules[packageName] = types.ModuleType(packageName)
+        module.__path__ = []
+        _set_parent_ns(packageName)
+    elif not hasattr(module, '__path__'):
+        raise TypeError("Not a package:", packageName)
+    handler = _find_adapter(_namespace_handlers, importer)
+    subpath = handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module)
+    if subpath is not None:
+        path = module.__path__
+        path.append(subpath)
+        importlib.import_module(packageName)
+        _rebuild_mod_path(path, packageName, module)
+    return subpath
+
+
+def _rebuild_mod_path(orig_path, package_name, module):
+    """
+    Rebuild module.__path__ ensuring that all entries are ordered
+    corresponding to their sys.path order
+    """
+    sys_path = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in sys.path]
+
+    def safe_sys_path_index(entry):
+        """
+        Workaround for #520 and #513.
+        """
+        try:
+            return sys_path.index(entry)
+        except ValueError:
+            return float('inf')
+
+    def position_in_sys_path(path):
+        """
+        Return the ordinal of the path based on its position in sys.path
+        """
+        path_parts = path.split(os.sep)
+        module_parts = package_name.count('.') + 1
+        parts = path_parts[:-module_parts]
+        return safe_sys_path_index(_normalize_cached(os.sep.join(parts)))
+
+    new_path = sorted(orig_path, key=position_in_sys_path)
+    new_path = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in new_path]
+
+    if isinstance(module.__path__, list):
+        module.__path__[:] = new_path
+    else:
+        module.__path__ = new_path
+
+
+def declare_namespace(packageName):
+    """Declare that package 'packageName' is a namespace package"""
+
+    msg = (
+        f"Deprecated call to `pkg_resources.declare_namespace({packageName!r})`.\n"
+        "Implementing implicit namespace packages (as specified in PEP 420) "
+        "is preferred to `pkg_resources.declare_namespace`. "
+        "See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/references/"
+        "keywords.html#keyword-namespace-packages"
+    )
+    warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    _imp.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        if packageName in _namespace_packages:
+            return
+
+        path = sys.path
+        parent, _, _ = packageName.rpartition('.')
+
+        if parent:
+            declare_namespace(parent)
+            if parent not in _namespace_packages:
+                __import__(parent)
+            try:
+                path = sys.modules[parent].__path__
+            except AttributeError as e:
+                raise TypeError("Not a package:", parent) from e
+
+        # Track what packages are namespaces, so when new path items are added,
+        # they can be updated
+        _namespace_packages.setdefault(parent or None, []).append(packageName)
+        _namespace_packages.setdefault(packageName, [])
+
+        for path_item in path:
+            # Ensure all the parent's path items are reflected in the child,
+            # if they apply
+            _handle_ns(packageName, path_item)
+
+    finally:
+        _imp.release_lock()
+
+
+def fixup_namespace_packages(path_item, parent=None):
+    """Ensure that previously-declared namespace packages include path_item"""
+    _imp.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        for package in _namespace_packages.get(parent, ()):
+            subpath = _handle_ns(package, path_item)
+            if subpath:
+                fixup_namespace_packages(subpath, package)
+    finally:
+        _imp.release_lock()
+
+
+def file_ns_handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module):
+    """Compute an ns-package subpath for a filesystem or zipfile importer"""
+
+    subpath = os.path.join(path_item, packageName.split('.')[-1])
+    normalized = _normalize_cached(subpath)
+    for item in module.__path__:
+        if _normalize_cached(item) == normalized:
+            break
+    else:
+        # Only return the path if it's not already there
+        return subpath
+
+
+if hasattr(pkgutil, 'ImpImporter'):
+    register_namespace_handler(pkgutil.ImpImporter, file_ns_handler)
+
+register_namespace_handler(zipimport.zipimporter, file_ns_handler)
+register_namespace_handler(importlib_machinery.FileFinder, file_ns_handler)
+
+
+def null_ns_handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module):
+    return None
+
+
+register_namespace_handler(object, null_ns_handler)
+
+
+def normalize_path(filename):
+    """Normalize a file/dir name for comparison purposes"""
+    return os.path.normcase(os.path.realpath(os.path.normpath(_cygwin_patch(filename))))
+
+
+def _cygwin_patch(filename):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    Contrary to POSIX 2008, on Cygwin, getcwd (3) contains
+    symlink components. Using
+    os.path.abspath() works around this limitation. A fix in os.getcwd()
+    would probably better, in Cygwin even more so, except
+    that this seems to be by design...
+    """
+    return os.path.abspath(filename) if sys.platform == 'cygwin' else filename
+
+
+def _normalize_cached(filename, _cache={}):
+    try:
+        return _cache[filename]
+    except KeyError:
+        _cache[filename] = result = normalize_path(filename)
+        return result
+
+
+def _is_egg_path(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an egg.
+    """
+    return _is_zip_egg(path) or _is_unpacked_egg(path)
+
+
+def _is_zip_egg(path):
+    return (
+        path.lower().endswith('.egg')
+        and os.path.isfile(path)
+        and zipfile.is_zipfile(path)
+    )
+
+
+def _is_unpacked_egg(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an unpacked egg.
+    """
+    return path.lower().endswith('.egg') and os.path.isfile(
+        os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
+    )
+
+
+def _set_parent_ns(packageName):
+    parts = packageName.split('.')
+    name = parts.pop()
+    if parts:
+        parent = '.'.join(parts)
+        setattr(sys.modules[parent], name, sys.modules[packageName])
+
+
+MODULE = re.compile(r"\w+(\.\w+)*$").match
+EGG_NAME = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    (?P<name>[^-]+) (
+        -(?P<ver>[^-]+) (
+            -py(?P<pyver>[^-]+) (
+                -(?P<plat>.+)
+            )?
+        )?
+    )?
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+).match
+
+
+class EntryPoint:
+    """Object representing an advertised importable object"""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, module_name, attrs=(), extras=(), dist=None):
+        if not MODULE(module_name):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid module name", module_name)
+        self.name = name
+        self.module_name = module_name
+        self.attrs = tuple(attrs)
+        self.extras = tuple(extras)
+        self.dist = dist
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        s = "%s = %s" % (self.name, self.module_name)
+        if self.attrs:
+            s += ':' + '.'.join(self.attrs)
+        if self.extras:
+            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(self.extras)
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "EntryPoint.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+
+    def load(self, require=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Require packages for this EntryPoint, then resolve it.
+        """
+        if not require or args or kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Parameters to load are deprecated.  Call .resolve and "
+                ".require separately.",
+                PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        if require:
+            self.require(*args, **kwargs)
+        return self.resolve()
+
+    def resolve(self):
+        """
+        Resolve the entry point from its module and attrs.
+        """
+        module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
+        try:
+            return functools.reduce(getattr, self.attrs, module)
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            raise ImportError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def require(self, env=None, installer=None):
+        if self.extras and not self.dist:
+            raise UnknownExtra("Can't require() without a distribution", self)
+
+        # Get the requirements for this entry point with all its extras and
+        # then resolve them. We have to pass `extras` along when resolving so
+        # that the working set knows what extras we want. Otherwise, for
+        # dist-info distributions, the working set will assume that the
+        # requirements for that extra are purely optional and skip over them.
+        reqs = self.dist.requires(self.extras)
+        items = working_set.resolve(reqs, env, installer, extras=self.extras)
+        list(map(working_set.add, items))
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r'\s*'
+        r'(?P<name>.+?)\s*'
+        r'=\s*'
+        r'(?P<module>[\w.]+)\s*'
+        r'(:\s*(?P<attr>[\w.]+))?\s*'
+        r'(?P<extras>\[.*\])?\s*$'
+    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, src, dist=None):
+        """Parse a single entry point from string `src`
+
+        Entry point syntax follows the form::
+
+            name = some.module:some.attr [extra1, extra2]
+
+        The entry name and module name are required, but the ``:attrs`` and
+        ``[extras]`` parts are optional
+        """
+        m = cls.pattern.match(src)
+        if not m:
+            msg = "EntryPoint must be in 'name=module:attrs [extras]' format"
+            raise ValueError(msg, src)
+        res = m.groupdict()
+        extras = cls._parse_extras(res['extras'])
+        attrs = res['attr'].split('.') if res['attr'] else ()
+        return cls(res['name'], res['module'], attrs, extras, dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_extras(cls, extras_spec):
+        if not extras_spec:
+            return ()
+        req = Requirement.parse('x' + extras_spec)
+        if req.specs:
+            raise ValueError()
+        return req.extras
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_group(cls, group, lines, dist=None):
+        """Parse an entry point group"""
+        if not MODULE(group):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid group name", group)
+        this = {}
+        for line in yield_lines(lines):
+            ep = cls.parse(line, dist)
+            if ep.name in this:
+                raise ValueError("Duplicate entry point", group, ep.name)
+            this[ep.name] = ep
+        return this
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_map(cls, data, dist=None):
+        """Parse a map of entry point groups"""
+        if isinstance(data, dict):
+            data = data.items()
+        else:
+            data = split_sections(data)
+        maps = {}
+        for group, lines in data:
+            if group is None:
+                if not lines:
+                    continue
+                raise ValueError("Entry points must be listed in groups")
+            group = group.strip()
+            if group in maps:
+                raise ValueError("Duplicate group name", group)
+            maps[group] = cls.parse_group(group, lines, dist)
+        return maps
+
+
+def _version_from_file(lines):
+    """
+    Given an iterable of lines from a Metadata file, return
+    the value of the Version field, if present, or None otherwise.
+    """
+
+    def is_version_line(line):
+        return line.lower().startswith('version:')
+
+    version_lines = filter(is_version_line, lines)
+    line = next(iter(version_lines), '')
+    _, _, value = line.partition(':')
+    return safe_version(value.strip()) or None
+
+
+class Distribution:
+    """Wrap an actual or potential sys.path entry w/metadata"""
+
+    PKG_INFO = 'PKG-INFO'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        metadata=None,
+        project_name=None,
+        version=None,
+        py_version=PY_MAJOR,
+        platform=None,
+        precedence=EGG_DIST,
+    ):
+        self.project_name = safe_name(project_name or 'Unknown')
+        if version is not None:
+            self._version = safe_version(version)
+        self.py_version = py_version
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.location = location
+        self.precedence = precedence
+        self._provider = metadata or empty_provider
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_location(cls, location, basename, metadata=None, **kw):
+        project_name, version, py_version, platform = [None] * 4
+        basename, ext = os.path.splitext(basename)
+        if ext.lower() in _distributionImpl:
+            cls = _distributionImpl[ext.lower()]
+
+            match = EGG_NAME(basename)
+            if match:
+                project_name, version, py_version, platform = match.group(
+                    'name', 'ver', 'pyver', 'plat'
+                )
+        return cls(
+            location,
+            metadata,
+            project_name=project_name,
+            version=version,
+            py_version=py_version,
+            platform=platform,
+            **kw,
+        )._reload_version()
+
+    def _reload_version(self):
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def hashcmp(self):
+        return (
+            self._forgiving_parsed_version,
+            self.precedence,
+            self.key,
+            self.location,
+            self.py_version or '',
+            self.platform or '',
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.hashcmp)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp < other.hashcmp
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp <= other.hashcmp
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp > other.hashcmp
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp >= other.hashcmp
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            # It's not a Distribution, so they are not equal
+            return False
+        return self.hashcmp == other.hashcmp
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    # These properties have to be lazy so that we don't have to load any
+    # metadata until/unless it's actually needed.  (i.e., some distributions
+    # may not know their name or version without loading PKG-INFO)
+
+    @property
+    def key(self):
+        try:
+            return self._key
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._key = key = self.project_name.lower()
+            return key
+
+    @property
+    def parsed_version(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, "_parsed_version"):
+            try:
+                self._parsed_version = parse_version(self.version)
+            except packaging.version.InvalidVersion as ex:
+                info = f"(package: {self.project_name})"
+                if hasattr(ex, "add_note"):
+                    ex.add_note(info)  # PEP 678
+                    raise
+                raise packaging.version.InvalidVersion(f"{str(ex)} {info}") from None
+
+        return self._parsed_version
+
+    @property
+    def _forgiving_parsed_version(self):
+        try:
+            return self.parsed_version
+        except packaging.version.InvalidVersion as ex:
+            self._parsed_version = parse_version(_forgiving_version(self.version))
+
+            notes = "\n".join(getattr(ex, "__notes__", []))  # PEP 678
+            msg = f"""!!\n\n
+            *************************************************************************
+            {str(ex)}\n{notes}
+
+            This is a long overdue deprecation.
+            For the time being, `pkg_resources` will use `{self._parsed_version}`
+            as a replacement to avoid breaking existing environments,
+            but no future compatibility is guaranteed.
+
+            If you maintain package {self.project_name} you should implement
+            the relevant changes to adequate the project to PEP 440 immediately.
+            *************************************************************************
+            \n\n!!
+            """
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
+
+            return self._parsed_version
+
+    @property
+    def version(self):
+        try:
+            return self._version
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            version = self._get_version()
+            if version is None:
+                path = self._get_metadata_path_for_display(self.PKG_INFO)
+                msg = ("Missing 'Version:' header and/or {} file at path: {}").format(
+                    self.PKG_INFO, path
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg, self) from e
+
+            return version
+
+    @property
+    def _dep_map(self):
+        """
+        A map of extra to its list of (direct) requirements
+        for this distribution, including the null extra.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__dep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__dep_map = self._filter_extras(self._build_dep_map())
+        return self.__dep_map
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _filter_extras(dm):
+        """
+        Given a mapping of extras to dependencies, strip off
+        environment markers and filter out any dependencies
+        not matching the markers.
+        """
+        for extra in list(filter(None, dm)):
+            new_extra = extra
+            reqs = dm.pop(extra)
+            new_extra, _, marker = extra.partition(':')
+            fails_marker = marker and (
+                invalid_marker(marker) or not evaluate_marker(marker)
+            )
+            if fails_marker:
+                reqs = []
+            new_extra = safe_extra(new_extra) or None
+
+            dm.setdefault(new_extra, []).extend(reqs)
+        return dm
+
+    def _build_dep_map(self):
+        dm = {}
+        for name in 'requires.txt', 'depends.txt':
+            for extra, reqs in split_sections(self._get_metadata(name)):
+                dm.setdefault(extra, []).extend(parse_requirements(reqs))
+        return dm
+
+    def requires(self, extras=()):
+        """List of Requirements needed for this distro if `extras` are used"""
+        dm = self._dep_map
+        deps = []
+        deps.extend(dm.get(None, ()))
+        for ext in extras:
+            try:
+                deps.extend(dm[safe_extra(ext)])
+            except KeyError as e:
+                raise UnknownExtra(
+                    "%s has no such extra feature %r" % (self, ext)
+                ) from e
+        return deps
+
+    def _get_metadata_path_for_display(self, name):
+        """
+        Return the path to the given metadata file, if available.
+        """
+        try:
+            # We need to access _get_metadata_path() on the provider object
+            # directly rather than through this class's __getattr__()
+            # since _get_metadata_path() is marked private.
+            path = self._provider._get_metadata_path(name)
+
+        # Handle exceptions e.g. in case the distribution's metadata
+        # provider doesn't support _get_metadata_path().
+        except Exception:
+            return '[could not detect]'
+
+        return path
+
+    def _get_metadata(self, name):
+        if self.has_metadata(name):
+            for line in self.get_metadata_lines(name):
+                yield line
+
+    def _get_version(self):
+        lines = self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO)
+        version = _version_from_file(lines)
+
+        return version
+
+    def activate(self, path=None, replace=False):
+        """Ensure distribution is importable on `path` (default=sys.path)"""
+        if path is None:
+            path = sys.path
+        self.insert_on(path, replace=replace)
+        if path is sys.path:
+            fixup_namespace_packages(self.location)
+            for pkg in self._get_metadata('namespace_packages.txt'):
+                if pkg in sys.modules:
+                    declare_namespace(pkg)
+
+    def egg_name(self):
+        """Return what this distribution's standard .egg filename should be"""
+        filename = "%s-%s-py%s" % (
+            to_filename(self.project_name),
+            to_filename(self.version),
+            self.py_version or PY_MAJOR,
+        )
+
+        if self.platform:
+            filename += '-' + self.platform
+        return filename
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.location:
+            return "%s (%s)" % (self, self.location)
+        else:
+            return str(self)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        try:
+            version = getattr(self, 'version', None)
+        except ValueError:
+            version = None
+        version = version or "[unknown version]"
+        return "%s %s" % (self.project_name, version)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        """Delegate all unrecognized public attributes to .metadata provider"""
+        if attr.startswith('_'):
+            raise AttributeError(attr)
+        return getattr(self._provider, attr)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return list(
+            set(super(Distribution, self).__dir__())
+            | set(attr for attr in self._provider.__dir__() if not attr.startswith('_'))
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filename(cls, filename, metadata=None, **kw):
+        return cls.from_location(
+            _normalize_cached(filename), os.path.basename(filename), metadata, **kw
+        )
+
+    def as_requirement(self):
+        """Return a ``Requirement`` that matches this distribution exactly"""
+        if isinstance(self.parsed_version, packaging.version.Version):
+            spec = "%s==%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+        else:
+            spec = "%s===%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+
+        return Requirement.parse(spec)
+
+    def load_entry_point(self, group, name):
+        """Return the `name` entry point of `group` or raise ImportError"""
+        ep = self.get_entry_info(group, name)
+        if ep is None:
+            raise ImportError("Entry point %r not found" % ((group, name),))
+        return ep.load()
+
+    def get_entry_map(self, group=None):
+        """Return the entry point map for `group`, or the full entry map"""
+        try:
+            ep_map = self._ep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            ep_map = self._ep_map = EntryPoint.parse_map(
+                self._get_metadata('entry_points.txt'), self
+            )
+        if group is not None:
+            return ep_map.get(group, {})
+        return ep_map
+
+    def get_entry_info(self, group, name):
+        """Return the EntryPoint object for `group`+`name`, or ``None``"""
+        return self.get_entry_map(group).get(name)
+
+    # FIXME: 'Distribution.insert_on' is too complex (13)
+    def insert_on(self, path, loc=None, replace=False):  # noqa: C901
+        """Ensure self.location is on path
+
+        If replace=False (default):
+            - If location is already in path anywhere, do nothing.
+            - Else:
+              - If it's an egg and its parent directory is on path,
+                insert just ahead of the parent.
+              - Else: add to the end of path.
+        If replace=True:
+            - If location is already on path anywhere (not eggs)
+              or higher priority than its parent (eggs)
+              do nothing.
+            - Else:
+              - If it's an egg and its parent directory is on path,
+                insert just ahead of the parent,
+                removing any lower-priority entries.
+              - Else: add it to the front of path.
+        """
+
+        loc = loc or self.location
+        if not loc:
+            return
+
+        nloc = _normalize_cached(loc)
+        bdir = os.path.dirname(nloc)
+        npath = [(p and _normalize_cached(p) or p) for p in path]
+
+        for p, item in enumerate(npath):
+            if item == nloc:
+                if replace:
+                    break
+                else:
+                    # don't modify path (even removing duplicates) if
+                    # found and not replace
+                    return
+            elif item == bdir and self.precedence == EGG_DIST:
+                # if it's an .egg, give it precedence over its directory
+                # UNLESS it's already been added to sys.path and replace=False
+                if (not replace) and nloc in npath[p:]:
+                    return
+                if path is sys.path:
+                    self.check_version_conflict()
+                path.insert(p, loc)
+                npath.insert(p, nloc)
+                break
+        else:
+            if path is sys.path:
+                self.check_version_conflict()
+            if replace:
+                path.insert(0, loc)
+            else:
+                path.append(loc)
+            return
+
+        # p is the spot where we found or inserted loc; now remove duplicates
+        while True:
+            try:
+                np = npath.index(nloc, p + 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+            else:
+                del npath[np], path[np]
+                # ha!
+                p = np
+
+        return
+
+    def check_version_conflict(self):
+        if self.key == 'setuptools':
+            # ignore the inevitable setuptools self-conflicts  :(
+            return
+
+        nsp = dict.fromkeys(self._get_metadata('namespace_packages.txt'))
+        loc = normalize_path(self.location)
+        for modname in self._get_metadata('top_level.txt'):
+            if (
+                modname not in sys.modules
+                or modname in nsp
+                or modname in _namespace_packages
+            ):
+                continue
+            if modname in ('pkg_resources', 'setuptools', 'site'):
+                continue
+            fn = getattr(sys.modules[modname], '__file__', None)
+            if fn and (
+                normalize_path(fn).startswith(loc) or fn.startswith(self.location)
+            ):
+                continue
+            issue_warning(
+                "Module %s was already imported from %s, but %s is being added"
+                " to sys.path" % (modname, fn, self.location),
+            )
+
+    def has_version(self):
+        try:
+            self.version
+        except ValueError:
+            issue_warning("Unbuilt egg for " + repr(self))
+            return False
+        except SystemError:
+            # TODO: remove this except clause when python/cpython#103632 is fixed.
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def clone(self, **kw):
+        """Copy this distribution, substituting in any changed keyword args"""
+        names = 'project_name version py_version platform location precedence'
+        for attr in names.split():
+            kw.setdefault(attr, getattr(self, attr, None))
+        kw.setdefault('metadata', self._provider)
+        return self.__class__(**kw)
+
+    @property
+    def extras(self):
+        return [dep for dep in self._dep_map if dep]
+
+
+class EggInfoDistribution(Distribution):
+    def _reload_version(self):
+        """
+        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
+        which uses an old safe_version, and so
+        their version numbers can get mangled when
+        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
+        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
+        parsed properly
+        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
+        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
+        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
+        """
+        md_version = self._get_version()
+        if md_version:
+            self._version = md_version
+        return self
+
+
+class DistInfoDistribution(Distribution):
+    """
+    Wrap an actual or potential sys.path entry
+    w/metadata, .dist-info style.
+    """
+
+    PKG_INFO = 'METADATA'
+    EQEQ = re.compile(r"([\(,])\s*(\d.*?)\s*([,\)])")
+
+    @property
+    def _parsed_pkg_info(self):
+        """Parse and cache metadata"""
+        try:
+            return self._pkg_info
+        except AttributeError:
+            metadata = self.get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO)
+            self._pkg_info = email.parser.Parser().parsestr(metadata)
+            return self._pkg_info
+
+    @property
+    def _dep_map(self):
+        try:
+            return self.__dep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__dep_map = self._compute_dependencies()
+            return self.__dep_map
+
+    def _compute_dependencies(self):
+        """Recompute this distribution's dependencies."""
+        dm = self.__dep_map = {None: []}
+
+        reqs = []
+        # Including any condition expressions
+        for req in self._parsed_pkg_info.get_all('Requires-Dist') or []:
+            reqs.extend(parse_requirements(req))
+
+        def reqs_for_extra(extra):
+            for req in reqs:
+                if not req.marker or req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra}):
+                    yield req
+
+        common = types.MappingProxyType(dict.fromkeys(reqs_for_extra(None)))
+        dm[None].extend(common)
+
+        for extra in self._parsed_pkg_info.get_all('Provides-Extra') or []:
+            s_extra = safe_extra(extra.strip())
+            dm[s_extra] = [r for r in reqs_for_extra(extra) if r not in common]
+
+        return dm
+
+
+_distributionImpl = {
+    '.egg': Distribution,
+    '.egg-info': EggInfoDistribution,
+    '.dist-info': DistInfoDistribution,
+}
+
+
+def issue_warning(*args, **kw):
+    level = 1
+    g = globals()
+    try:
+        # find the first stack frame that is *not* code in
+        # the pkg_resources module, to use for the warning
+        while sys._getframe(level).f_globals is g:
+            level += 1
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+    warnings.warn(stacklevel=level + 1, *args, **kw)
+
+
+def parse_requirements(strs):
+    """
+    Yield ``Requirement`` objects for each specification in `strs`.
+
+    `strs` must be a string, or a (possibly-nested) iterable thereof.
+    """
+    return map(Requirement, join_continuation(map(drop_comment, yield_lines(strs))))
+
+
+class RequirementParseError(packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement):
+    "Compatibility wrapper for InvalidRequirement"
+
+
+class Requirement(packaging.requirements.Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string):
+        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
+        super(Requirement, self).__init__(requirement_string)
+        self.unsafe_name = self.name
+        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
+        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
+        self.specs = [(spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
+        self.extras = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
+        self.hashCmp = (
+            self.key,
+            self.url,
+            self.specifier,
+            frozenset(self.extras),
+            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
+        )
+        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, Requirement) and self.hashCmp == other.hashCmp
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        if isinstance(item, Distribution):
+            if item.key != self.key:
+                return False
+
+            item = item.version
+
+        # Allow prereleases always in order to match the previous behavior of
+        # this method. In the future this should be smarter and follow PEP 440
+        # more accurately.
+        return self.specifier.contains(item, prereleases=True)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return self.__hash
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Requirement.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse(s):
+        (req,) = parse_requirements(s)
+        return req
+
+
+def _always_object(classes):
+    """
+    Ensure object appears in the mro even
+    for old-style classes.
+    """
+    if object not in classes:
+        return classes + (object,)
+    return classes
+
+
+def _find_adapter(registry, ob):
+    """Return an adapter factory for `ob` from `registry`"""
+    types = _always_object(inspect.getmro(getattr(ob, '__class__', type(ob))))
+    for t in types:
+        if t in registry:
+            return registry[t]
+
+
+def ensure_directory(path):
+    """Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
+    os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True)
+
+
+def _bypass_ensure_directory(path):
+    """Sandbox-bypassing version of ensure_directory()"""
+    if not WRITE_SUPPORT:
+        raise IOError('"os.mkdir" not supported on this platform.')
+    dirname, filename = split(path)
+    if dirname and filename and not isdir(dirname):
+        _bypass_ensure_directory(dirname)
+        try:
+            mkdir(dirname, 0o755)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+
+
+def split_sections(s):
+    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs
+
+    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
+    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
+    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
+    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
+    """
+    section = None
+    content = []
+    for line in yield_lines(s):
+        if line.startswith("["):
+            if line.endswith("]"):
+                if section or content:
+                    yield section, content
+                section = line[1:-1].strip()
+                content = []
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
+        else:
+            content.append(line)
+
+    # wrap up last segment
+    yield section, content
+
+
+def _mkstemp(*args, **kw):
+    old_open = os.open
+    try:
+        # temporarily bypass sandboxing
+        os.open = os_open
+        return tempfile.mkstemp(*args, **kw)
+    finally:
+        # and then put it back
+        os.open = old_open
+
+
+# Silence the PEP440Warning by default, so that end users don't get hit by it
+# randomly just because they use pkg_resources. We want to append the rule
+# because we want earlier uses of filterwarnings to take precedence over this
+# one.
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=PEP440Warning, append=True)
+
+
+# from jaraco.functools 1.3
+def _call_aside(f, *args, **kwargs):
+    f(*args, **kwargs)
+    return f
+
+
+@_call_aside
+def _initialize(g=globals()):
+    "Set up global resource manager (deliberately not state-saved)"
+    manager = ResourceManager()
+    g['_manager'] = manager
+    g.update(
+        (name, getattr(manager, name))
+        for name in dir(manager)
+        if not name.startswith('_')
+    )
+
+
+class PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning(Warning):
+    """
+    Base class for warning about deprecations in ``pkg_resources``
+
+    This class is not derived from ``DeprecationWarning``, and as such is
+    visible by default.
+    """
+
+
+@_call_aside
+def _initialize_master_working_set():
+    """
+    Prepare the master working set and make the ``require()``
+    API available.
+
+    This function has explicit effects on the global state
+    of pkg_resources. It is intended to be invoked once at
+    the initialization of this module.
+
+    Invocation by other packages is unsupported and done
+    at their own risk.
+    """
+    working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
+    _declare_state('object', working_set=working_set)
+
+    require = working_set.require
+    iter_entry_points = working_set.iter_entry_points
+    add_activation_listener = working_set.subscribe
+    run_script = working_set.run_script
+    # backward compatibility
+    run_main = run_script
+    # Activate all distributions already on sys.path with replace=False and
+    # ensure that all distributions added to the working set in the future
+    # (e.g. by calling ``require()``) will get activated as well,
+    # with higher priority (replace=True).
+    tuple(dist.activate(replace=False) for dist in working_set)
+    add_activation_listener(
+        lambda dist: dist.activate(replace=True),
+        existing=False,
+    )
+    working_set.entries = []
+    # match order
+    list(map(working_set.add_entry, sys.path))
+    globals().update(locals())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..959bf6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ebf595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+"""
+Utilities for determining application-specific dirs. See <https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs> for details and
+usage.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+from .version import __version__
+from .version import __version_tuple__ as __version_info__
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from typing import Literal
+    else:  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal
+
+
+def _set_platform_dir_class() -> type[PlatformDirsABC]:
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.windows import Windows as Result
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.macos import MacOS as Result
+    else:
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.unix import Unix as Result
+
+    if os.getenv("ANDROID_DATA") == "/data" and os.getenv("ANDROID_ROOT") == "/system":
+        if os.getenv("SHELL") or os.getenv("PREFIX"):
+            return Result
+
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.android import _android_folder
+
+        if _android_folder() is not None:
+            from pip._vendor.platformdirs.android import Android
+
+            return Android  # return to avoid redefinition of result
+
+    return Result
+
+
+PlatformDirs = _set_platform_dir_class()  #: Currently active platform
+AppDirs = PlatformDirs  #: Backwards compatibility with appdirs
+
+
+def user_data_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_data_dir
+
+
+def site_data_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data directory shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_data_dir
+
+
+def user_config_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_config_dir
+
+
+def site_config_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config directory shared by the users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_config_dir
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_cache_dir
+
+
+def site_cache_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_cache_dir
+
+
+def user_state_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: state directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_state_dir
+
+
+def user_log_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: log directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_log_dir
+
+
+def user_documents_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: documents directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_documents_dir
+
+
+def user_downloads_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: downloads directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_downloads_dir
+
+
+def user_pictures_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: pictures directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_pictures_dir
+
+
+def user_videos_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: videos directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_videos_dir
+
+
+def user_music_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: music directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_music_dir
+
+
+def user_runtime_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_runtime_dir
+
+
+def user_data_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_data_path
+
+
+def site_data_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data path shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_data_path
+
+
+def user_config_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_config_path
+
+
+def site_config_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config path shared by the users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_config_path
+
+
+def site_cache_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_cache_path
+
+
+def user_cache_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_cache_path
+
+
+def user_state_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: state path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_state_path
+
+
+def user_log_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: log path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_log_path
+
+
+def user_documents_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: documents path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_documents_path
+
+
+def user_downloads_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: downloads path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_downloads_path
+
+
+def user_pictures_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: pictures path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_pictures_path
+
+
+def user_videos_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: videos path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_videos_path
+
+
+def user_music_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: music path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_music_path
+
+
+def user_runtime_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_runtime_path
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_info__",
+    "PlatformDirs",
+    "AppDirs",
+    "PlatformDirsABC",
+    "user_data_dir",
+    "user_config_dir",
+    "user_cache_dir",
+    "user_state_dir",
+    "user_log_dir",
+    "user_documents_dir",
+    "user_downloads_dir",
+    "user_pictures_dir",
+    "user_videos_dir",
+    "user_music_dir",
+    "user_runtime_dir",
+    "site_data_dir",
+    "site_config_dir",
+    "site_cache_dir",
+    "user_data_path",
+    "user_config_path",
+    "user_cache_path",
+    "user_state_path",
+    "user_log_path",
+    "user_documents_path",
+    "user_downloads_path",
+    "user_pictures_path",
+    "user_videos_path",
+    "user_music_path",
+    "user_runtime_path",
+    "site_data_path",
+    "site_config_path",
+    "site_cache_path",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a0d6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+"""Main entry point."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pip._vendor.platformdirs import PlatformDirs, __version__
+
+PROPS = (
+    "user_data_dir",
+    "user_config_dir",
+    "user_cache_dir",
+    "user_state_dir",
+    "user_log_dir",
+    "user_documents_dir",
+    "user_downloads_dir",
+    "user_pictures_dir",
+    "user_videos_dir",
+    "user_music_dir",
+    "user_runtime_dir",
+    "site_data_dir",
+    "site_config_dir",
+    "site_cache_dir",
+)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Run main entry point."""
+    app_name = "MyApp"
+    app_author = "MyCompany"
+
+    print(f"-- platformdirs {__version__} --")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, app_author, version="1.0")
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, app_author)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, appauthor=False)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76527dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Android."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import cast
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+
+class Android(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    Follows the guidance `from here <https://android.stackexchange.com/a/216132>`_. Makes use of the
+    `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/files/<AppName>``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "files")
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directory tied to the user, e.g. \
+        ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/shared_prefs/<AppName>``
+        """
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "shared_prefs")
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `user_config_dir`"""
+        return self.user_config_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "cache")
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, same as `user_cache_dir`"""
+        return self.user_cache_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_cache_dir` if not opinionated else ``log`` in it,
+          e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>/log``
+        """
+        path = self.user_cache_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Documents``"""
+        return _android_documents_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Downloads``"""
+        return _android_downloads_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Pictures``"""
+        return _android_pictures_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera``"""
+        return _android_videos_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Music``"""
+        return _android_music_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, same as `user_cache_dir` if not opinionated else ``tmp`` in it,
+          e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>/tmp``
+        """
+        path = self.user_cache_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "tmp")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_folder() -> str | None:
+    """:return: base folder for the Android OS or None if it cannot be found"""
+    try:
+        # First try to get path to android app via pyjnius
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        result: str | None = context.getFilesDir().getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        # if fails find an android folder looking path on the sys.path
+        pattern = re.compile(r"/data/(data|user/\d+)/(.+)/files")
+        for path in sys.path:
+            if pattern.match(path):
+                result = path.split("/files")[0]
+                break
+        else:
+            result = None
+    return result
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_documents_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: documents folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        documents_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        documents_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Documents"
+
+    return documents_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_downloads_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: downloads folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        downloads_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        downloads_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Downloads"
+
+    return downloads_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_pictures_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: pictures folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        pictures_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        pictures_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Pictures"
+
+    return pictures_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_videos_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: videos folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        videos_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        videos_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera"
+
+    return videos_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_music_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: music folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        music_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        music_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Music"
+
+    return music_dir
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Android",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d64ebb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"""Base API."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from typing import Literal
+    else:  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal
+
+
+class PlatformDirsABC(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for platform directories."""
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        appname: str | None = None,
+        appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+        version: str | None = None,
+        roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new platform directory.
+
+        :param appname: See `appname`.
+        :param appauthor: See `appauthor`.
+        :param version: See `version`.
+        :param roaming: See `roaming`.
+        :param multipath: See `multipath`.
+        :param opinion: See `opinion`.
+        :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists`.
+        """
+        self.appname = appname  #: The name of application.
+        self.appauthor = appauthor
+        """
+        The name of the app author or distributing body for this application. Typically, it is the owning company name.
+        Defaults to `appname`. You may pass ``False`` to disable it.
+        """
+        self.version = version
+        """
+        An optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+        of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be ``<major>.<minor>``.
+        """
+        self.roaming = roaming
+        """
+        Whether to use the roaming appdata directory on Windows. That means that for users on a Windows network setup
+        for roaming profiles, this user data will be synced on login (see
+        `here <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766489(WS.10).aspx>`_).
+        """
+        self.multipath = multipath
+        """
+        An optional parameter only applicable to Unix/Linux which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be
+        returned. By default, the first item would only be returned.
+        """
+        self.opinion = opinion  #: A flag to indicating to use opinionated values.
+        self.ensure_exists = ensure_exists
+        """
+        Optionally create the directory (and any missing parents) upon access if it does not exist.
+        By default, no directories are created.
+        """
+
+    def _append_app_name_and_version(self, *base: str) -> str:
+        params = list(base[1:])
+        if self.appname:
+            params.append(self.appname)
+            if self.version:
+                params.append(self.version)
+        path = os.path.join(base[0], *params)  # noqa: PTH118
+        self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    def _optionally_create_directory(self, path: str) -> None:
+        if self.ensure_exists:
+            Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path shared by the users"""
+        return Path(self.site_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_cache_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_cache_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: state path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_state_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: log path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_log_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: documents path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_documents_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: downloads path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_downloads_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: pictures path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_pictures_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: videos path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_videos_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: music path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_music_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: runtime path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_runtime_dir)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a753e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""macOS."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os.path
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+
+class MacOS(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    Platform directories for the macOS operating system. Follows the guidance from `Apple documentation
+    <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/MacOSXDirectories/MacOSXDirectories.html>`_.
+    Makes use of the `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, e.g. ``/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/Library/Application Support")
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `site_data_dir`"""
+        return self.site_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/Library/Caches")
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Logs/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Logs"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Documents``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Documents")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Downloads``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Downloads")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Pictures``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Pictures")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Movies``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Movies")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Music``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Music")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MacOS",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468b0ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"""Unix."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+
+    def getuid() -> int:
+        msg = "should only be used on Unix"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+else:
+    from os import getuid
+
+
+class Unix(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    On Unix/Linux, we follow the
+    `XDG Basedir Spec <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html>`_. The spec allows
+    overriding directories with environment variables. The examples show are the default values, alongside the name of
+    the environment variable that overrides them. Makes use of the
+    `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`,
+    `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.local/share/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_DATA_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directories shared by users (if `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>` is
+         enabled and ``XDG_DATA_DIR`` is set and a multi path the response is also a multi path separated by the OS
+         path separator), e.g. ``/usr/local/share/$appname/$version`` or ``/usr/share/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS; only first, if multipath is False
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_DIRS", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = f"/usr/local/share{os.pathsep}/usr/share"
+        return self._with_multi_path(path)
+
+    def _with_multi_path(self, path: str) -> str:
+        path_list = path.split(os.pathsep)
+        if not self.multipath:
+            path_list = path_list[0:1]
+        path_list = [self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser(p)) for p in path_list]  # noqa: PTH111
+        return os.pathsep.join(path_list)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.config/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.config")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directories shared by users (if `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`
+         is enabled and ``XDG_DATA_DIR`` is set and a multi path the response is also a multi path separated by the OS
+         path separator), e.g. ``/etc/xdg/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS only first, if multipath is False
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = "/etc/xdg"
+        return self._with_multi_path(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.cache/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``~/$XDG_CACHE_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CACHE_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``/var/tmp/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/var/tmp")  # noqa: S108
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: state directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.local/state/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_STATE_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_STATE_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/state")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_state_dir` if not opinionated else ``log`` in it"""
+        path = self.user_state_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Documents``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR", "~/Documents")
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Downloads``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR", "~/Downloads")
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Pictures``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_PICTURES_DIR", "~/Pictures")
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Videos``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_VIDEOS_DIR", "~/Videos")
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Music``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_MUSIC_DIR", "~/Music")
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g. ``/run/user/$(id -u)/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$appname/$version``.
+
+         For FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD, it would return ``/var/run/user/$(id -u)/$appname/$version`` if
+         exists, otherwise ``/tmp/runtime-$(id -u)/$appname/$version``, if``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR``
+         is not set.
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            if sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "openbsd", "netbsd")):
+                path = f"/var/run/user/{getuid()}"
+                if not Path(path).exists():
+                    path = f"/tmp/runtime-{getuid()}"  # noqa: S108
+            else:
+                path = f"/run/user/{getuid()}"
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path shared by users. Only return first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path shared by the users. Only return first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path shared by users. Only return first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_cache_dir)
+
+    def _first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self, directory: str) -> Path:
+        if self.multipath:
+            # If multipath is True, the first path is returned.
+            directory = directory.split(os.pathsep)[0]
+        return Path(directory)
+
+
+def _get_user_media_dir(env_var: str, fallback_tilde_path: str) -> str:
+    media_dir = _get_user_dirs_folder(env_var)
+    if media_dir is None:
+        media_dir = os.environ.get(env_var, "").strip()
+        if not media_dir:
+            media_dir = os.path.expanduser(fallback_tilde_path)  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    return media_dir
+
+
+def _get_user_dirs_folder(key: str) -> str | None:
+    """Return directory from user-dirs.dirs config file. See https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/."""
+    user_dirs_config_path = Path(Unix().user_config_dir) / "user-dirs.dirs"
+    if user_dirs_config_path.exists():
+        parser = ConfigParser()
+
+        with user_dirs_config_path.open() as stream:
+            # Add fake section header, so ConfigParser doesn't complain
+            parser.read_string(f"[top]\n{stream.read()}")
+
+        if key not in parser["top"]:
+            return None
+
+        path = parser["top"][key].strip('"')
+        # Handle relative home paths
+        return path.replace("$HOME", os.path.expanduser("~"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    return None
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Unix",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc8c44c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# file generated by setuptools_scm
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+__version__ = version = '3.8.1'
+__version_tuple__ = version_tuple = (3, 8, 1)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b52c9c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+"""Windows."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ctypes
+import os
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+class Windows(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    `MSDN on where to store app data files
+    <http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310294#XSLTH3194121123120121120120>`_.
+    Makes use of the
+    `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`,
+    `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory tied to the user, e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\$appauthor\\$appname`` (not roaming) or
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Roaming\\$appauthor\\$appname`` (roaming)
+        """
+        const = "CSIDL_APPDATA" if self.roaming else "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder(const))
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    def _append_parts(self, path: str, *, opinion_value: str | None = None) -> str:
+        params = []
+        if self.appname:
+            if self.appauthor is not False:
+                author = self.appauthor or self.appname
+                params.append(author)
+            params.append(self.appname)
+            if opinion_value is not None and self.opinion:
+                params.append(opinion_value)
+            if self.version:
+                params.append(self.version)
+        path = os.path.join(path, *params)  # noqa: PTH118
+        self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, e.g. ``C:\\ProgramData\\$appauthor\\$appname``"""
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `site_data_dir`"""
+        return self.site_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory tied to the user (if opinionated with ``Cache`` folder within ``$appname``) e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\$appauthor\\$appname\\Cache\\$version``
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path, opinion_value="Cache")
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``C:\\ProgramData\\$appauthor\\$appname\\Cache\\$version``"""
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path, opinion_value="Cache")
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir` if not opinionated else ``Logs`` in it"""
+        path = self.user_data_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "Logs")  # noqa: PTH118
+            self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Documents``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_PERSONAL"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Downloads``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_DOWNLOADS"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Pictures``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYPICTURES"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Videos``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYVIDEO"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Music``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYMUSIC"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\$appauthor\\$appname``
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"), "Temp"))  # noqa: PTH118
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+
+def get_win_folder_from_env_vars(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get folder from environment variables."""
+    result = get_win_folder_if_csidl_name_not_env_var(csidl_name)
+    if result is not None:
+        return result
+
+    env_var_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "APPDATA",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "ALLUSERSPROFILE",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "LOCALAPPDATA",
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if env_var_name is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    result = os.environ.get(env_var_name)
+    if result is None:
+        msg = f"Unset environment variable: {env_var_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_win_folder_if_csidl_name_not_env_var(csidl_name: str) -> str | None:
+    """Get folder for a CSIDL name that does not exist as an environment variable."""
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_PERSONAL":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Documents")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Downloads")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYPICTURES":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Pictures")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYVIDEO":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Videos")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYMUSIC":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Music")  # noqa: PTH118
+    return None
+
+
+def get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get folder from the registry.
+
+    This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the registry for these guarantees us the correct answer
+    for all CSIDL_* names.
+    """
+    shell_folder_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData",
+        "CSIDL_PERSONAL": "Personal",
+        "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS": "{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}",
+        "CSIDL_MYPICTURES": "My Pictures",
+        "CSIDL_MYVIDEO": "My Video",
+        "CSIDL_MYMUSIC": "My Music",
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if shell_folder_name is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    if sys.platform != "win32":  # only needed for mypy type checker to know that this code runs only on Windows
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    import winreg
+
+    key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders")
+    directory, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name)
+    return str(directory)
+
+
+def get_win_folder_via_ctypes(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get folder with ctypes."""
+    # There is no 'CSIDL_DOWNLOADS'.
+    # Use 'CSIDL_PROFILE' (40) and append the default folder 'Downloads' instead.
+    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/knownfolderid
+
+    csidl_const = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26,
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35,
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28,
+        "CSIDL_PERSONAL": 5,
+        "CSIDL_MYPICTURES": 39,
+        "CSIDL_MYVIDEO": 14,
+        "CSIDL_MYMUSIC": 13,
+        "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS": 40,
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if csidl_const is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+    windll = getattr(ctypes, "windll")  # noqa: B009 # using getattr to avoid false positive with mypy type checker
+    windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf)
+
+    # Downgrade to short path name if it has highbit chars.
+    if any(ord(c) > 255 for c in buf):  # noqa: PLR2004
+        buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+        if windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024):
+            buf = buf2
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS":
+        return os.path.join(buf.value, "Downloads")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    return buf.value
+
+
+def _pick_get_win_folder() -> Callable[[str], str]:
+    if hasattr(ctypes, "windll"):
+        return get_win_folder_via_ctypes
+    try:
+        import winreg  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError:
+        return get_win_folder_from_env_vars
+    else:
+        return get_win_folder_from_registry
+
+
+get_win_folder = lru_cache(maxsize=None)(_pick_get_win_folder())
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Windows",
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39c84aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+    Pygments
+    ~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python.
+
+    It is a generic syntax highlighter for general use in all kinds of software
+    such as forum systems, wikis or other applications that need to prettify
+    source code. Highlights are:
+
+    * a wide range of common languages and markup formats is supported
+    * special attention is paid to details, increasing quality by a fair amount
+    * support for new languages and formats are added easily
+    * a number of output formats, presently HTML, LaTeX, RTF, SVG, all image
+      formats that PIL supports, and ANSI sequences
+    * it is usable as a command-line tool and as a library
+    * ... and it highlights even Brainfuck!
+
+    The `Pygments master branch`_ is installable with ``easy_install Pygments==dev``.
+
+    .. _Pygments master branch:
+       https://github.com/pygments/pygments/archive/master.zip#egg=Pygments-dev
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+from io import StringIO, BytesIO
+
+__version__ = '2.15.1'
+__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
+
+__all__ = ['lex', 'format', 'highlight']
+
+
+def lex(code, lexer):
+    """
+    Lex `code` with the `lexer` (must be a `Lexer` instance)
+    and return an iterable of tokens. Currently, this only calls
+    `lexer.get_tokens()`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return lexer.get_tokens(code)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Heuristic to catch a common mistake.
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import RegexLexer
+        if isinstance(lexer, type) and issubclass(lexer, RegexLexer):
+            raise TypeError('lex() argument must be a lexer instance, '
+                            'not a class')
+        raise
+
+
+def format(tokens, formatter, outfile=None):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+    """
+    Format ``tokens`` (an iterable of tokens) with the formatter ``formatter``
+    (a `Formatter` instance).
+
+    If ``outfile`` is given and a valid file object (an object with a
+    ``write`` method), the result will be written to it, otherwise it
+    is returned as a string.
+    """
+    try:
+        if not outfile:
+            realoutfile = getattr(formatter, 'encoding', None) and BytesIO() or StringIO()
+            formatter.format(tokens, realoutfile)
+            return realoutfile.getvalue()
+        else:
+            formatter.format(tokens, outfile)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Heuristic to catch a common mistake.
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+        if isinstance(formatter, type) and issubclass(formatter, Formatter):
+            raise TypeError('format() argument must be a formatter instance, '
+                            'not a class')
+        raise
+
+
+def highlight(code, lexer, formatter, outfile=None):
+    """
+    This is the most high-level highlighting function. It combines `lex` and
+    `format` in one function.
+    """
+    return format(lex(code, lexer), formatter, outfile)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f7f8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+    pygments.__main__
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Main entry point for ``python -m pygments``.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from pip._vendor.pygments.cmdline import main
+
+try:
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    sys.exit(1)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eec1775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+"""
+    pygments.cmdline
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Command line interface.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import shutil
+import argparse
+from textwrap import dedent
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments import __version__, highlight
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound, OptionError, docstring_headline, \
+    guess_decode, guess_decode_from_terminal, terminal_encoding, \
+    UnclosingTextIOWrapper
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers, get_lexer_by_name, guess_lexer, \
+    load_lexer_from_file, get_lexer_for_filename, find_lexer_class_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special import TextLexer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.latex import LatexEmbeddedLexer, LatexFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters import get_all_formatters, get_formatter_by_name, \
+    load_formatter_from_file, get_formatter_for_filename, find_formatter_class
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.terminal import TerminalFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.terminal256 import Terminal256Formatter, TerminalTrueColorFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import get_all_filters, find_filter_class
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_all_styles, get_style_by_name
+
+
+def _parse_options(o_strs):
+    opts = {}
+    if not o_strs:
+        return opts
+    for o_str in o_strs:
+        if not o_str.strip():
+            continue
+        o_args = o_str.split(',')
+        for o_arg in o_args:
+            o_arg = o_arg.strip()
+            try:
+                o_key, o_val = o_arg.split('=', 1)
+                o_key = o_key.strip()
+                o_val = o_val.strip()
+            except ValueError:
+                opts[o_arg] = True
+            else:
+                opts[o_key] = o_val
+    return opts
+
+
+def _parse_filters(f_strs):
+    filters = []
+    if not f_strs:
+        return filters
+    for f_str in f_strs:
+        if ':' in f_str:
+            fname, fopts = f_str.split(':', 1)
+            filters.append((fname, _parse_options([fopts])))
+        else:
+            filters.append((f_str, {}))
+    return filters
+
+
+def _print_help(what, name):
+    try:
+        if what == 'lexer':
+            cls = get_lexer_by_name(name)
+            print("Help on the %s lexer:" % cls.name)
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        elif what == 'formatter':
+            cls = find_formatter_class(name)
+            print("Help on the %s formatter:" % cls.name)
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        elif what == 'filter':
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            print("Help on the %s filter:" % name)
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        return 0
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        print("%s not found!" % what, file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+
+def _print_list(what):
+    if what == 'lexer':
+        print()
+        print("Lexers:")
+        print("~~~~~~~")
+
+        info = []
+        for fullname, names, exts, _ in get_all_lexers():
+            tup = (', '.join(names)+':', fullname,
+                   exts and '(filenames ' + ', '.join(exts) + ')' or '')
+            info.append(tup)
+        info.sort()
+        for i in info:
+            print(('* %s\n    %s %s') % i)
+
+    elif what == 'formatter':
+        print()
+        print("Formatters:")
+        print("~~~~~~~~~~~")
+
+        info = []
+        for cls in get_all_formatters():
+            doc = docstring_headline(cls)
+            tup = (', '.join(cls.aliases) + ':', doc, cls.filenames and
+                   '(filenames ' + ', '.join(cls.filenames) + ')' or '')
+            info.append(tup)
+        info.sort()
+        for i in info:
+            print(('* %s\n    %s %s') % i)
+
+    elif what == 'filter':
+        print()
+        print("Filters:")
+        print("~~~~~~~~")
+
+        for name in get_all_filters():
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            print("* " + name + ':')
+            print("    %s" % docstring_headline(cls))
+
+    elif what == 'style':
+        print()
+        print("Styles:")
+        print("~~~~~~~")
+
+        for name in get_all_styles():
+            cls = get_style_by_name(name)
+            print("* " + name + ':')
+            print("    %s" % docstring_headline(cls))
+
+
+def _print_list_as_json(requested_items):
+    import json
+    result = {}
+    if 'lexer' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for fullname, names, filenames, mimetypes in get_all_lexers():
+            info[fullname] = {
+                'aliases': names,
+                'filenames': filenames,
+                'mimetypes': mimetypes
+            }
+        result['lexers'] = info
+
+    if 'formatter' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for cls in get_all_formatters():
+            doc = docstring_headline(cls)
+            info[cls.name] = {
+                'aliases': cls.aliases,
+                'filenames': cls.filenames,
+                'doc': doc
+            }
+        result['formatters'] = info
+
+    if 'filter' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for name in get_all_filters():
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            info[name] = {
+                'doc': docstring_headline(cls)
+            }
+        result['filters'] = info
+
+    if 'style' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for name in get_all_styles():
+            cls = get_style_by_name(name)
+            info[name] = {
+                'doc': docstring_headline(cls)
+            }
+        result['styles'] = info
+
+    json.dump(result, sys.stdout)
+
+def main_inner(parser, argns):
+    if argns.help:
+        parser.print_help()
+        return 0
+
+    if argns.V:
+        print('Pygments version %s, (c) 2006-2023 by Georg Brandl, Matthäus '
+              'Chajdas and contributors.' % __version__)
+        return 0
+
+    def is_only_option(opt):
+        return not any(v for (k, v) in vars(argns).items() if k != opt)
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -L``
+    if argns.L is not None:
+        arg_set = set()
+        for k, v in vars(argns).items():
+            if v:
+                arg_set.add(k)
+
+        arg_set.discard('L')
+        arg_set.discard('json')
+
+        if arg_set:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        # print version
+        if not argns.json:
+            main(['', '-V'])
+        allowed_types = {'lexer', 'formatter', 'filter', 'style'}
+        largs = [arg.rstrip('s') for arg in argns.L]
+        if any(arg not in allowed_types for arg in largs):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 0
+        if not largs:
+            largs = allowed_types
+        if not argns.json:
+            for arg in largs:
+                _print_list(arg)
+        else:
+            _print_list_as_json(largs)
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -H``
+    if argns.H:
+        if not is_only_option('H'):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        what, name = argns.H
+        if what not in ('lexer', 'formatter', 'filter'):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        return _print_help(what, name)
+
+    # parse -O options
+    parsed_opts = _parse_options(argns.O or [])
+
+    # parse -P options
+    for p_opt in argns.P or []:
+        try:
+            name, value = p_opt.split('=', 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            parsed_opts[p_opt] = True
+        else:
+            parsed_opts[name] = value
+
+    # encodings
+    inencoding = parsed_opts.get('inencoding', parsed_opts.get('encoding'))
+    outencoding = parsed_opts.get('outencoding', parsed_opts.get('encoding'))
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -N``
+    if argns.N:
+        lexer = find_lexer_class_for_filename(argns.N)
+        if lexer is None:
+            lexer = TextLexer
+
+        print(lexer.aliases[0])
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -C``
+    if argns.C:
+        inp = sys.stdin.buffer.read()
+        try:
+            lexer = guess_lexer(inp, inencoding=inencoding)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            lexer = TextLexer
+
+        print(lexer.aliases[0])
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -S``
+    S_opt = argns.S
+    a_opt = argns.a
+    if S_opt is not None:
+        f_opt = argns.f
+        if not f_opt:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        if argns.l or argns.INPUTFILE:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        try:
+            parsed_opts['style'] = S_opt
+            fmter = get_formatter_by_name(f_opt, **parsed_opts)
+        except ClassNotFound as err:
+            print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+        print(fmter.get_style_defs(a_opt or ''))
+        return 0
+
+    # if no -S is given, -a is not allowed
+    if argns.a is not None:
+        parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    # parse -F options
+    F_opts = _parse_filters(argns.F or [])
+
+    # -x: allow custom (eXternal) lexers and formatters
+    allow_custom_lexer_formatter = bool(argns.x)
+
+    # select lexer
+    lexer = None
+
+    # given by name?
+    lexername = argns.l
+    if lexername:
+        # custom lexer, located relative to user's cwd
+        if allow_custom_lexer_formatter and '.py' in lexername:
+            try:
+                filename = None
+                name = None
+                if ':' in lexername:
+                    filename, name = lexername.rsplit(':', 1)
+
+                    if '.py' in name:
+                        # This can happen on Windows: If the lexername is
+                        # C:\lexer.py -- return to normal load path in that case
+                        name = None
+
+                if filename and name:
+                    lexer = load_lexer_from_file(filename, name,
+                                                 **parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    lexer = load_lexer_from_file(lexername, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                lexer = get_lexer_by_name(lexername, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    # read input code
+    code = None
+
+    if argns.INPUTFILE:
+        if argns.s:
+            print('Error: -s option not usable when input file specified',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        infn = argns.INPUTFILE
+        try:
+            with open(infn, 'rb') as infp:
+                code = infp.read()
+        except Exception as err:
+            print('Error: cannot read infile:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+        if not inencoding:
+            code, inencoding = guess_decode(code)
+
+        # do we have to guess the lexer?
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                lexer = get_lexer_for_filename(infn, code, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                if argns.g:
+                    try:
+                        lexer = guess_lexer(code, **parsed_opts)
+                    except ClassNotFound:
+                        lexer = TextLexer(**parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                    return 1
+            except OptionError as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    elif not argns.s:  # treat stdin as full file (-s support is later)
+        # read code from terminal, always in binary mode since we want to
+        # decode ourselves and be tolerant with it
+        code = sys.stdin.buffer.read()  # use .buffer to get a binary stream
+        if not inencoding:
+            code, inencoding = guess_decode_from_terminal(code, sys.stdin)
+            # else the lexer will do the decoding
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                lexer = guess_lexer(code, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                lexer = TextLexer(**parsed_opts)
+
+    else:  # -s option needs a lexer with -l
+        if not lexer:
+            print('Error: when using -s a lexer has to be selected with -l',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+    # process filters
+    for fname, fopts in F_opts:
+        try:
+            lexer.add_filter(fname, **fopts)
+        except ClassNotFound as err:
+            print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+    # select formatter
+    outfn = argns.o
+    fmter = argns.f
+    if fmter:
+        # custom formatter, located relative to user's cwd
+        if allow_custom_lexer_formatter and '.py' in fmter:
+            try:
+                filename = None
+                name = None
+                if ':' in fmter:
+                    # Same logic as above for custom lexer
+                    filename, name = fmter.rsplit(':', 1)
+
+                    if '.py' in name:
+                        name = None
+
+                if filename and name:
+                    fmter = load_formatter_from_file(filename, name,
+                                                     **parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    fmter = load_formatter_from_file(fmter, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                fmter = get_formatter_by_name(fmter, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    if outfn:
+        if not fmter:
+            try:
+                fmter = get_formatter_for_filename(outfn, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        try:
+            outfile = open(outfn, 'wb')
+        except Exception as err:
+            print('Error: cannot open outfile:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+    else:
+        if not fmter:
+            if os.environ.get('COLORTERM','') in ('truecolor', '24bit'):
+                fmter = TerminalTrueColorFormatter(**parsed_opts)
+            elif '256' in os.environ.get('TERM', ''):
+                fmter = Terminal256Formatter(**parsed_opts)
+            else:
+                fmter = TerminalFormatter(**parsed_opts)
+        outfile = sys.stdout.buffer
+
+    # determine output encoding if not explicitly selected
+    if not outencoding:
+        if outfn:
+            # output file? use lexer encoding for now (can still be None)
+            fmter.encoding = inencoding
+        else:
+            # else use terminal encoding
+            fmter.encoding = terminal_encoding(sys.stdout)
+
+    # provide coloring under Windows, if possible
+    if not outfn and sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin') and \
+       fmter.name in ('Terminal', 'Terminal256'):  # pragma: no cover
+        # unfortunately colorama doesn't support binary streams on Py3
+        outfile = UnclosingTextIOWrapper(outfile, encoding=fmter.encoding)
+        fmter.encoding = None
+        try:
+            import pip._vendor.colorama.initialise as colorama_initialise
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            outfile = colorama_initialise.wrap_stream(
+                outfile, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False, wrap=True)
+
+    # When using the LaTeX formatter and the option `escapeinside` is
+    # specified, we need a special lexer which collects escaped text
+    # before running the chosen language lexer.
+    escapeinside = parsed_opts.get('escapeinside', '')
+    if len(escapeinside) == 2 and isinstance(fmter, LatexFormatter):
+        left = escapeinside[0]
+        right = escapeinside[1]
+        lexer = LatexEmbeddedLexer(left, right, lexer)
+
+    # ... and do it!
+    if not argns.s:
+        # process whole input as per normal...
+        try:
+            highlight(code, lexer, fmter, outfile)
+        finally:
+            if outfn:
+                outfile.close()
+        return 0
+    else:
+        # line by line processing of stdin (eg: for 'tail -f')...
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                line = sys.stdin.buffer.readline()
+                if not line:
+                    break
+                if not inencoding:
+                    line = guess_decode_from_terminal(line, sys.stdin)[0]
+                highlight(line, lexer, fmter, outfile)
+                if hasattr(outfile, 'flush'):
+                    outfile.flush()
+            return 0
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+            return 0
+        finally:
+            if outfn:
+                outfile.close()
+
+
+class HelpFormatter(argparse.HelpFormatter):
+    def __init__(self, prog, indent_increment=2, max_help_position=16, width=None):
+        if width is None:
+            try:
+                width = shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - 2
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        argparse.HelpFormatter.__init__(self, prog, indent_increment,
+                                        max_help_position, width)
+
+
+def main(args=sys.argv):
+    """
+    Main command line entry point.
+    """
+    desc = "Highlight an input file and write the result to an output file."
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=desc, add_help=False,
+                                     formatter_class=HelpFormatter)
+
+    operation = parser.add_argument_group('Main operation')
+    lexersel = operation.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    lexersel.add_argument(
+        '-l', metavar='LEXER',
+        help='Specify the lexer to use.  (Query names with -L.)  If not '
+        'given and -g is not present, the lexer is guessed from the filename.')
+    lexersel.add_argument(
+        '-g', action='store_true',
+        help='Guess the lexer from the file contents, or pass through '
+        'as plain text if nothing can be guessed.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-F', metavar='FILTER[:options]', action='append',
+        help='Add a filter to the token stream.  (Query names with -L.) '
+        'Filter options are given after a colon if necessary.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-f', metavar='FORMATTER',
+        help='Specify the formatter to use.  (Query names with -L.) '
+        'If not given, the formatter is guessed from the output filename, '
+        'and defaults to the terminal formatter if the output is to the '
+        'terminal or an unknown file extension.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-O', metavar='OPTION=value[,OPTION=value,...]', action='append',
+        help='Give options to the lexer and formatter as a comma-separated '
+        'list of key-value pairs. '
+        'Example: `-O bg=light,python=cool`.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-P', metavar='OPTION=value', action='append',
+        help='Give a single option to the lexer and formatter - with this '
+        'you can pass options whose value contains commas and equal signs. '
+        'Example: `-P "heading=Pygments, the Python highlighter"`.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-o', metavar='OUTPUTFILE',
+        help='Where to write the output.  Defaults to standard output.')
+
+    operation.add_argument(
+        'INPUTFILE', nargs='?',
+        help='Where to read the input.  Defaults to standard input.')
+
+    flags = parser.add_argument_group('Operation flags')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-v', action='store_true',
+        help='Print a detailed traceback on unhandled exceptions, which '
+        'is useful for debugging and bug reports.')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-s', action='store_true',
+        help='Process lines one at a time until EOF, rather than waiting to '
+        'process the entire file.  This only works for stdin, only for lexers '
+        'with no line-spanning constructs, and is intended for streaming '
+        'input such as you get from `tail -f`. '
+        'Example usage: `tail -f sql.log | pygmentize -s -l sql`.')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-x', action='store_true',
+        help='Allow custom lexers and formatters to be loaded from a .py file '
+        'relative to the current working directory. For example, '
+        '`-l ./customlexer.py -x`. By default, this option expects a file '
+        'with a class named CustomLexer or CustomFormatter; you can also '
+        'specify your own class name with a colon (`-l ./lexer.py:MyLexer`). '
+        'Users should be very careful not to use this option with untrusted '
+        'files, because it will import and run them.')
+    flags.add_argument('--json', help='Output as JSON. This can '
+        'be only used in conjunction with -L.',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true')
+
+    special_modes_group = parser.add_argument_group(
+        'Special modes - do not do any highlighting')
+    special_modes = special_modes_group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-S', metavar='STYLE -f formatter',
+        help='Print style definitions for STYLE for a formatter '
+        'given with -f. The argument given by -a is formatter '
+        'dependent.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-L', nargs='*', metavar='WHAT',
+        help='List lexers, formatters, styles or filters -- '
+        'give additional arguments for the thing(s) you want to list '
+        '(e.g. "styles"), or omit them to list everything.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-N', metavar='FILENAME',
+        help='Guess and print out a lexer name based solely on the given '
+        'filename. Does not take input or highlight anything. If no specific '
+        'lexer can be determined, "text" is printed.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-C', action='store_true',
+        help='Like -N, but print out a lexer name based solely on '
+        'a given content from standard input.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-H', action='store', nargs=2, metavar=('NAME', 'TYPE'),
+        help='Print detailed help for the object <name> of type <type>, '
+        'where <type> is one of "lexer", "formatter" or "filter".')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-V', action='store_true',
+        help='Print the package version.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-h', '--help', action='store_true',
+        help='Print this help.')
+    special_modes_group.add_argument(
+        '-a', metavar='ARG',
+        help='Formatter-specific additional argument for the -S (print '
+        'style sheet) mode.')
+
+    argns = parser.parse_args(args[1:])
+
+    try:
+        return main_inner(parser, argns)
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # someone closed our stdout, e.g. by quitting a pager.
+        return 0
+    except Exception:
+        if argns.v:
+            print(file=sys.stderr)
+            print('*' * 65, file=sys.stderr)
+            print('An unhandled exception occurred while highlighting.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('Please report the whole traceback to the issue tracker at',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('<https://github.com/pygments/pygments/issues>.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('*' * 65, file=sys.stderr)
+            print(file=sys.stderr)
+            raise
+        import traceback
+        info = traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())
+        msg = info[-1].strip()
+        if len(info) >= 3:
+            # extract relevant file and position info
+            msg += '\n   (f%s)' % info[-2].split('\n')[0].strip()[1:]
+        print(file=sys.stderr)
+        print('*** Error while highlighting:', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        print('*** If this is a bug you want to report, please rerun with -v.',
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deb4937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""
+    pygments.console
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Format colored console output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+esc = "\x1b["
+
+codes = {}
+codes[""] = ""
+codes["reset"] = esc + "39;49;00m"
+
+codes["bold"] = esc + "01m"
+codes["faint"] = esc + "02m"
+codes["standout"] = esc + "03m"
+codes["underline"] = esc + "04m"
+codes["blink"] = esc + "05m"
+codes["overline"] = esc + "06m"
+
+dark_colors = ["black", "red", "green", "yellow", "blue",
+               "magenta", "cyan", "gray"]
+light_colors = ["brightblack", "brightred", "brightgreen", "brightyellow", "brightblue",
+                "brightmagenta", "brightcyan", "white"]
+
+x = 30
+for d, l in zip(dark_colors, light_colors):
+    codes[d] = esc + "%im" % x
+    codes[l] = esc + "%im" % (60 + x)
+    x += 1
+
+del d, l, x
+
+codes["white"] = codes["bold"]
+
+
+def reset_color():
+    return codes["reset"]
+
+
+def colorize(color_key, text):
+    return codes[color_key] + text + codes["reset"]
+
+
+def ansiformat(attr, text):
+    """
+    Format ``text`` with a color and/or some attributes::
+
+        color       normal color
+        *color*     bold color
+        _color_     underlined color
+        +color+     blinking color
+    """
+    result = []
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '+':
+        result.append(codes['blink'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '*':
+        result.append(codes['bold'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '_':
+        result.append(codes['underline'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    result.append(codes[attr])
+    result.append(text)
+    result.append(codes['reset'])
+    return ''.join(result)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dafa08d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+    pygments.filter
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Module that implements the default filter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+def apply_filters(stream, filters, lexer=None):
+    """
+    Use this method to apply an iterable of filters to
+    a stream. If lexer is given it's forwarded to the
+    filter, otherwise the filter receives `None`.
+    """
+    def _apply(filter_, stream):
+        yield from filter_.filter(lexer, stream)
+    for filter_ in filters:
+        stream = _apply(filter_, stream)
+    return stream
+
+
+def simplefilter(f):
+    """
+    Decorator that converts a function into a filter::
+
+        @simplefilter
+        def lowercase(self, lexer, stream, options):
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                yield ttype, value.lower()
+    """
+    return type(f.__name__, (FunctionFilter,), {
+        '__module__': getattr(f, '__module__'),
+        '__doc__': f.__doc__,
+        'function': f,
+    })
+
+
+class Filter:
+    """
+    Default filter. Subclass this class or use the `simplefilter`
+    decorator to create own filters.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        self.options = options
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FunctionFilter(Filter):
+    """
+    Abstract class used by `simplefilter` to create simple
+    function filters on the fly. The `simplefilter` decorator
+    automatically creates subclasses of this class for
+    functions passed to it.
+    """
+    function = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        if not hasattr(self, 'function'):
+            raise TypeError('%r used without bound function' %
+                            self.__class__.__name__)
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        # pylint: disable=not-callable
+        yield from self.function(lexer, stream, self.options)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aa9ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,940 @@
+"""
+    pygments.filters
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Module containing filter lookup functions and default
+    filters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import String, Comment, Keyword, Name, Error, Whitespace, \
+    string_to_tokentype
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filter import Filter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_list_opt, get_int_opt, get_bool_opt, \
+    get_choice_opt, ClassNotFound, OptionError
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_filters
+
+
+def find_filter_class(filtername):
+    """Lookup a filter by name. Return None if not found."""
+    if filtername in FILTERS:
+        return FILTERS[filtername]
+    for name, cls in find_plugin_filters():
+        if name == filtername:
+            return cls
+    return None
+
+
+def get_filter_by_name(filtername, **options):
+    """Return an instantiated filter.
+
+    Options are passed to the filter initializer if wanted.
+    Raise a ClassNotFound if not found.
+    """
+    cls = find_filter_class(filtername)
+    if cls:
+        return cls(**options)
+    else:
+        raise ClassNotFound('filter %r not found' % filtername)
+
+
+def get_all_filters():
+    """Return a generator of all filter names."""
+    yield from FILTERS
+    for name, _ in find_plugin_filters():
+        yield name
+
+
+def _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, specialttype,
+                     replacefunc=lambda x: x):
+    last = 0
+    for match in regex.finditer(value):
+        start, end = match.start(), match.end()
+        if start != last:
+            yield ttype, value[last:start]
+        yield specialttype, replacefunc(value[start:end])
+        last = end
+    if last != len(value):
+        yield ttype, value[last:]
+
+
+class CodeTagFilter(Filter):
+    """Highlight special code tags in comments and docstrings.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `codetags` : list of strings
+       A list of strings that are flagged as code tags.  The default is to
+       highlight ``XXX``, ``TODO``, ``FIXME``, ``BUG`` and ``NOTE``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.13
+       Now recognizes ``FIXME`` by default.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        tags = get_list_opt(options, 'codetags',
+                            ['XXX', 'TODO', 'FIXME', 'BUG', 'NOTE'])
+        self.tag_re = re.compile(r'\b(%s)\b' % '|'.join([
+            re.escape(tag) for tag in tags if tag
+        ]))
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        regex = self.tag_re
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in String.Doc or \
+               ttype in Comment and \
+               ttype not in Comment.Preproc:
+                yield from _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, Comment.Special)
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class SymbolFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert mathematical symbols such as \\<longrightarrow> in Isabelle
+    or \\longrightarrow in LaTeX into Unicode characters.
+
+    This is mostly useful for HTML or console output when you want to
+    approximate the source rendering you'd see in an IDE.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `lang` : string
+       The symbol language. Must be one of ``'isabelle'`` or
+       ``'latex'``.  The default is ``'isabelle'``.
+    """
+
+    latex_symbols = {
+        '\\alpha'                : '\U000003b1',
+        '\\beta'                 : '\U000003b2',
+        '\\gamma'                : '\U000003b3',
+        '\\delta'                : '\U000003b4',
+        '\\varepsilon'           : '\U000003b5',
+        '\\zeta'                 : '\U000003b6',
+        '\\eta'                  : '\U000003b7',
+        '\\vartheta'             : '\U000003b8',
+        '\\iota'                 : '\U000003b9',
+        '\\kappa'                : '\U000003ba',
+        '\\lambda'               : '\U000003bb',
+        '\\mu'                   : '\U000003bc',
+        '\\nu'                   : '\U000003bd',
+        '\\xi'                   : '\U000003be',
+        '\\pi'                   : '\U000003c0',
+        '\\varrho'               : '\U000003c1',
+        '\\sigma'                : '\U000003c3',
+        '\\tau'                  : '\U000003c4',
+        '\\upsilon'              : '\U000003c5',
+        '\\varphi'               : '\U000003c6',
+        '\\chi'                  : '\U000003c7',
+        '\\psi'                  : '\U000003c8',
+        '\\omega'                : '\U000003c9',
+        '\\Gamma'                : '\U00000393',
+        '\\Delta'                : '\U00000394',
+        '\\Theta'                : '\U00000398',
+        '\\Lambda'               : '\U0000039b',
+        '\\Xi'                   : '\U0000039e',
+        '\\Pi'                   : '\U000003a0',
+        '\\Sigma'                : '\U000003a3',
+        '\\Upsilon'              : '\U000003a5',
+        '\\Phi'                  : '\U000003a6',
+        '\\Psi'                  : '\U000003a8',
+        '\\Omega'                : '\U000003a9',
+        '\\leftarrow'            : '\U00002190',
+        '\\longleftarrow'        : '\U000027f5',
+        '\\rightarrow'           : '\U00002192',
+        '\\longrightarrow'       : '\U000027f6',
+        '\\Leftarrow'            : '\U000021d0',
+        '\\Longleftarrow'        : '\U000027f8',
+        '\\Rightarrow'           : '\U000021d2',
+        '\\Longrightarrow'       : '\U000027f9',
+        '\\leftrightarrow'       : '\U00002194',
+        '\\longleftrightarrow'   : '\U000027f7',
+        '\\Leftrightarrow'       : '\U000021d4',
+        '\\Longleftrightarrow'   : '\U000027fa',
+        '\\mapsto'               : '\U000021a6',
+        '\\longmapsto'           : '\U000027fc',
+        '\\relbar'               : '\U00002500',
+        '\\Relbar'               : '\U00002550',
+        '\\hookleftarrow'        : '\U000021a9',
+        '\\hookrightarrow'       : '\U000021aa',
+        '\\leftharpoondown'      : '\U000021bd',
+        '\\rightharpoondown'     : '\U000021c1',
+        '\\leftharpoonup'        : '\U000021bc',
+        '\\rightharpoonup'       : '\U000021c0',
+        '\\rightleftharpoons'    : '\U000021cc',
+        '\\leadsto'              : '\U0000219d',
+        '\\downharpoonleft'      : '\U000021c3',
+        '\\downharpoonright'     : '\U000021c2',
+        '\\upharpoonleft'        : '\U000021bf',
+        '\\upharpoonright'       : '\U000021be',
+        '\\restriction'          : '\U000021be',
+        '\\uparrow'              : '\U00002191',
+        '\\Uparrow'              : '\U000021d1',
+        '\\downarrow'            : '\U00002193',
+        '\\Downarrow'            : '\U000021d3',
+        '\\updownarrow'          : '\U00002195',
+        '\\Updownarrow'          : '\U000021d5',
+        '\\langle'               : '\U000027e8',
+        '\\rangle'               : '\U000027e9',
+        '\\lceil'                : '\U00002308',
+        '\\rceil'                : '\U00002309',
+        '\\lfloor'               : '\U0000230a',
+        '\\rfloor'               : '\U0000230b',
+        '\\flqq'                 : '\U000000ab',
+        '\\frqq'                 : '\U000000bb',
+        '\\bot'                  : '\U000022a5',
+        '\\top'                  : '\U000022a4',
+        '\\wedge'                : '\U00002227',
+        '\\bigwedge'             : '\U000022c0',
+        '\\vee'                  : '\U00002228',
+        '\\bigvee'               : '\U000022c1',
+        '\\forall'               : '\U00002200',
+        '\\exists'               : '\U00002203',
+        '\\nexists'              : '\U00002204',
+        '\\neg'                  : '\U000000ac',
+        '\\Box'                  : '\U000025a1',
+        '\\Diamond'              : '\U000025c7',
+        '\\vdash'                : '\U000022a2',
+        '\\models'               : '\U000022a8',
+        '\\dashv'                : '\U000022a3',
+        '\\surd'                 : '\U0000221a',
+        '\\le'                   : '\U00002264',
+        '\\ge'                   : '\U00002265',
+        '\\ll'                   : '\U0000226a',
+        '\\gg'                   : '\U0000226b',
+        '\\lesssim'              : '\U00002272',
+        '\\gtrsim'               : '\U00002273',
+        '\\lessapprox'           : '\U00002a85',
+        '\\gtrapprox'            : '\U00002a86',
+        '\\in'                   : '\U00002208',
+        '\\notin'                : '\U00002209',
+        '\\subset'               : '\U00002282',
+        '\\supset'               : '\U00002283',
+        '\\subseteq'             : '\U00002286',
+        '\\supseteq'             : '\U00002287',
+        '\\sqsubset'             : '\U0000228f',
+        '\\sqsupset'             : '\U00002290',
+        '\\sqsubseteq'           : '\U00002291',
+        '\\sqsupseteq'           : '\U00002292',
+        '\\cap'                  : '\U00002229',
+        '\\bigcap'               : '\U000022c2',
+        '\\cup'                  : '\U0000222a',
+        '\\bigcup'               : '\U000022c3',
+        '\\sqcup'                : '\U00002294',
+        '\\bigsqcup'             : '\U00002a06',
+        '\\sqcap'                : '\U00002293',
+        '\\Bigsqcap'             : '\U00002a05',
+        '\\setminus'             : '\U00002216',
+        '\\propto'               : '\U0000221d',
+        '\\uplus'                : '\U0000228e',
+        '\\bigplus'              : '\U00002a04',
+        '\\sim'                  : '\U0000223c',
+        '\\doteq'                : '\U00002250',
+        '\\simeq'                : '\U00002243',
+        '\\approx'               : '\U00002248',
+        '\\asymp'                : '\U0000224d',
+        '\\cong'                 : '\U00002245',
+        '\\equiv'                : '\U00002261',
+        '\\Join'                 : '\U000022c8',
+        '\\bowtie'               : '\U00002a1d',
+        '\\prec'                 : '\U0000227a',
+        '\\succ'                 : '\U0000227b',
+        '\\preceq'               : '\U0000227c',
+        '\\succeq'               : '\U0000227d',
+        '\\parallel'             : '\U00002225',
+        '\\mid'                  : '\U000000a6',
+        '\\pm'                   : '\U000000b1',
+        '\\mp'                   : '\U00002213',
+        '\\times'                : '\U000000d7',
+        '\\div'                  : '\U000000f7',
+        '\\cdot'                 : '\U000022c5',
+        '\\star'                 : '\U000022c6',
+        '\\circ'                 : '\U00002218',
+        '\\dagger'               : '\U00002020',
+        '\\ddagger'              : '\U00002021',
+        '\\lhd'                  : '\U000022b2',
+        '\\rhd'                  : '\U000022b3',
+        '\\unlhd'                : '\U000022b4',
+        '\\unrhd'                : '\U000022b5',
+        '\\triangleleft'         : '\U000025c3',
+        '\\triangleright'        : '\U000025b9',
+        '\\triangle'             : '\U000025b3',
+        '\\triangleq'            : '\U0000225c',
+        '\\oplus'                : '\U00002295',
+        '\\bigoplus'             : '\U00002a01',
+        '\\otimes'               : '\U00002297',
+        '\\bigotimes'            : '\U00002a02',
+        '\\odot'                 : '\U00002299',
+        '\\bigodot'              : '\U00002a00',
+        '\\ominus'               : '\U00002296',
+        '\\oslash'               : '\U00002298',
+        '\\dots'                 : '\U00002026',
+        '\\cdots'                : '\U000022ef',
+        '\\sum'                  : '\U00002211',
+        '\\prod'                 : '\U0000220f',
+        '\\coprod'               : '\U00002210',
+        '\\infty'                : '\U0000221e',
+        '\\int'                  : '\U0000222b',
+        '\\oint'                 : '\U0000222e',
+        '\\clubsuit'             : '\U00002663',
+        '\\diamondsuit'          : '\U00002662',
+        '\\heartsuit'            : '\U00002661',
+        '\\spadesuit'            : '\U00002660',
+        '\\aleph'                : '\U00002135',
+        '\\emptyset'             : '\U00002205',
+        '\\nabla'                : '\U00002207',
+        '\\partial'              : '\U00002202',
+        '\\flat'                 : '\U0000266d',
+        '\\natural'              : '\U0000266e',
+        '\\sharp'                : '\U0000266f',
+        '\\angle'                : '\U00002220',
+        '\\copyright'            : '\U000000a9',
+        '\\textregistered'       : '\U000000ae',
+        '\\textonequarter'       : '\U000000bc',
+        '\\textonehalf'          : '\U000000bd',
+        '\\textthreequarters'    : '\U000000be',
+        '\\textordfeminine'      : '\U000000aa',
+        '\\textordmasculine'     : '\U000000ba',
+        '\\euro'                 : '\U000020ac',
+        '\\pounds'               : '\U000000a3',
+        '\\yen'                  : '\U000000a5',
+        '\\textcent'             : '\U000000a2',
+        '\\textcurrency'         : '\U000000a4',
+        '\\textdegree'           : '\U000000b0',
+    }
+
+    isabelle_symbols = {
+        '\\<zero>'                 : '\U0001d7ec',
+        '\\<one>'                  : '\U0001d7ed',
+        '\\<two>'                  : '\U0001d7ee',
+        '\\<three>'                : '\U0001d7ef',
+        '\\<four>'                 : '\U0001d7f0',
+        '\\<five>'                 : '\U0001d7f1',
+        '\\<six>'                  : '\U0001d7f2',
+        '\\<seven>'                : '\U0001d7f3',
+        '\\<eight>'                : '\U0001d7f4',
+        '\\<nine>'                 : '\U0001d7f5',
+        '\\<A>'                    : '\U0001d49c',
+        '\\<B>'                    : '\U0000212c',
+        '\\<C>'                    : '\U0001d49e',
+        '\\<D>'                    : '\U0001d49f',
+        '\\<E>'                    : '\U00002130',
+        '\\<F>'                    : '\U00002131',
+        '\\<G>'                    : '\U0001d4a2',
+        '\\<H>'                    : '\U0000210b',
+        '\\<I>'                    : '\U00002110',
+        '\\<J>'                    : '\U0001d4a5',
+        '\\<K>'                    : '\U0001d4a6',
+        '\\<L>'                    : '\U00002112',
+        '\\<M>'                    : '\U00002133',
+        '\\<N>'                    : '\U0001d4a9',
+        '\\<O>'                    : '\U0001d4aa',
+        '\\<P>'                    : '\U0001d4ab',
+        '\\<Q>'                    : '\U0001d4ac',
+        '\\<R>'                    : '\U0000211b',
+        '\\<S>'                    : '\U0001d4ae',
+        '\\<T>'                    : '\U0001d4af',
+        '\\<U>'                    : '\U0001d4b0',
+        '\\<V>'                    : '\U0001d4b1',
+        '\\<W>'                    : '\U0001d4b2',
+        '\\<X>'                    : '\U0001d4b3',
+        '\\<Y>'                    : '\U0001d4b4',
+        '\\<Z>'                    : '\U0001d4b5',
+        '\\<a>'                    : '\U0001d5ba',
+        '\\<b>'                    : '\U0001d5bb',
+        '\\<c>'                    : '\U0001d5bc',
+        '\\<d>'                    : '\U0001d5bd',
+        '\\<e>'                    : '\U0001d5be',
+        '\\<f>'                    : '\U0001d5bf',
+        '\\<g>'                    : '\U0001d5c0',
+        '\\<h>'                    : '\U0001d5c1',
+        '\\<i>'                    : '\U0001d5c2',
+        '\\<j>'                    : '\U0001d5c3',
+        '\\<k>'                    : '\U0001d5c4',
+        '\\<l>'                    : '\U0001d5c5',
+        '\\<m>'                    : '\U0001d5c6',
+        '\\<n>'                    : '\U0001d5c7',
+        '\\<o>'                    : '\U0001d5c8',
+        '\\<p>'                    : '\U0001d5c9',
+        '\\<q>'                    : '\U0001d5ca',
+        '\\<r>'                    : '\U0001d5cb',
+        '\\<s>'                    : '\U0001d5cc',
+        '\\<t>'                    : '\U0001d5cd',
+        '\\<u>'                    : '\U0001d5ce',
+        '\\<v>'                    : '\U0001d5cf',
+        '\\<w>'                    : '\U0001d5d0',
+        '\\<x>'                    : '\U0001d5d1',
+        '\\<y>'                    : '\U0001d5d2',
+        '\\<z>'                    : '\U0001d5d3',
+        '\\<AA>'                   : '\U0001d504',
+        '\\<BB>'                   : '\U0001d505',
+        '\\<CC>'                   : '\U0000212d',
+        '\\<DD>'                   : '\U0001d507',
+        '\\<EE>'                   : '\U0001d508',
+        '\\<FF>'                   : '\U0001d509',
+        '\\<GG>'                   : '\U0001d50a',
+        '\\<HH>'                   : '\U0000210c',
+        '\\<II>'                   : '\U00002111',
+        '\\<JJ>'                   : '\U0001d50d',
+        '\\<KK>'                   : '\U0001d50e',
+        '\\<LL>'                   : '\U0001d50f',
+        '\\<MM>'                   : '\U0001d510',
+        '\\<NN>'                   : '\U0001d511',
+        '\\<OO>'                   : '\U0001d512',
+        '\\<PP>'                   : '\U0001d513',
+        '\\<QQ>'                   : '\U0001d514',
+        '\\<RR>'                   : '\U0000211c',
+        '\\<SS>'                   : '\U0001d516',
+        '\\<TT>'                   : '\U0001d517',
+        '\\<UU>'                   : '\U0001d518',
+        '\\<VV>'                   : '\U0001d519',
+        '\\<WW>'                   : '\U0001d51a',
+        '\\<XX>'                   : '\U0001d51b',
+        '\\<YY>'                   : '\U0001d51c',
+        '\\<ZZ>'                   : '\U00002128',
+        '\\<aa>'                   : '\U0001d51e',
+        '\\<bb>'                   : '\U0001d51f',
+        '\\<cc>'                   : '\U0001d520',
+        '\\<dd>'                   : '\U0001d521',
+        '\\<ee>'                   : '\U0001d522',
+        '\\<ff>'                   : '\U0001d523',
+        '\\<gg>'                   : '\U0001d524',
+        '\\<hh>'                   : '\U0001d525',
+        '\\<ii>'                   : '\U0001d526',
+        '\\<jj>'                   : '\U0001d527',
+        '\\<kk>'                   : '\U0001d528',
+        '\\<ll>'                   : '\U0001d529',
+        '\\<mm>'                   : '\U0001d52a',
+        '\\<nn>'                   : '\U0001d52b',
+        '\\<oo>'                   : '\U0001d52c',
+        '\\<pp>'                   : '\U0001d52d',
+        '\\<qq>'                   : '\U0001d52e',
+        '\\<rr>'                   : '\U0001d52f',
+        '\\<ss>'                   : '\U0001d530',
+        '\\<tt>'                   : '\U0001d531',
+        '\\<uu>'                   : '\U0001d532',
+        '\\<vv>'                   : '\U0001d533',
+        '\\<ww>'                   : '\U0001d534',
+        '\\<xx>'                   : '\U0001d535',
+        '\\<yy>'                   : '\U0001d536',
+        '\\<zz>'                   : '\U0001d537',
+        '\\<alpha>'                : '\U000003b1',
+        '\\<beta>'                 : '\U000003b2',
+        '\\<gamma>'                : '\U000003b3',
+        '\\<delta>'                : '\U000003b4',
+        '\\<epsilon>'              : '\U000003b5',
+        '\\<zeta>'                 : '\U000003b6',
+        '\\<eta>'                  : '\U000003b7',
+        '\\<theta>'                : '\U000003b8',
+        '\\<iota>'                 : '\U000003b9',
+        '\\<kappa>'                : '\U000003ba',
+        '\\<lambda>'               : '\U000003bb',
+        '\\<mu>'                   : '\U000003bc',
+        '\\<nu>'                   : '\U000003bd',
+        '\\<xi>'                   : '\U000003be',
+        '\\<pi>'                   : '\U000003c0',
+        '\\<rho>'                  : '\U000003c1',
+        '\\<sigma>'                : '\U000003c3',
+        '\\<tau>'                  : '\U000003c4',
+        '\\<upsilon>'              : '\U000003c5',
+        '\\<phi>'                  : '\U000003c6',
+        '\\<chi>'                  : '\U000003c7',
+        '\\<psi>'                  : '\U000003c8',
+        '\\<omega>'                : '\U000003c9',
+        '\\<Gamma>'                : '\U00000393',
+        '\\<Delta>'                : '\U00000394',
+        '\\<Theta>'                : '\U00000398',
+        '\\<Lambda>'               : '\U0000039b',
+        '\\<Xi>'                   : '\U0000039e',
+        '\\<Pi>'                   : '\U000003a0',
+        '\\<Sigma>'                : '\U000003a3',
+        '\\<Upsilon>'              : '\U000003a5',
+        '\\<Phi>'                  : '\U000003a6',
+        '\\<Psi>'                  : '\U000003a8',
+        '\\<Omega>'                : '\U000003a9',
+        '\\<bool>'                 : '\U0001d539',
+        '\\<complex>'              : '\U00002102',
+        '\\<nat>'                  : '\U00002115',
+        '\\<rat>'                  : '\U0000211a',
+        '\\<real>'                 : '\U0000211d',
+        '\\<int>'                  : '\U00002124',
+        '\\<leftarrow>'            : '\U00002190',
+        '\\<longleftarrow>'        : '\U000027f5',
+        '\\<rightarrow>'           : '\U00002192',
+        '\\<longrightarrow>'       : '\U000027f6',
+        '\\<Leftarrow>'            : '\U000021d0',
+        '\\<Longleftarrow>'        : '\U000027f8',
+        '\\<Rightarrow>'           : '\U000021d2',
+        '\\<Longrightarrow>'       : '\U000027f9',
+        '\\<leftrightarrow>'       : '\U00002194',
+        '\\<longleftrightarrow>'   : '\U000027f7',
+        '\\<Leftrightarrow>'       : '\U000021d4',
+        '\\<Longleftrightarrow>'   : '\U000027fa',
+        '\\<mapsto>'               : '\U000021a6',
+        '\\<longmapsto>'           : '\U000027fc',
+        '\\<midarrow>'             : '\U00002500',
+        '\\<Midarrow>'             : '\U00002550',
+        '\\<hookleftarrow>'        : '\U000021a9',
+        '\\<hookrightarrow>'       : '\U000021aa',
+        '\\<leftharpoondown>'      : '\U000021bd',
+        '\\<rightharpoondown>'     : '\U000021c1',
+        '\\<leftharpoonup>'        : '\U000021bc',
+        '\\<rightharpoonup>'       : '\U000021c0',
+        '\\<rightleftharpoons>'    : '\U000021cc',
+        '\\<leadsto>'              : '\U0000219d',
+        '\\<downharpoonleft>'      : '\U000021c3',
+        '\\<downharpoonright>'     : '\U000021c2',
+        '\\<upharpoonleft>'        : '\U000021bf',
+        '\\<upharpoonright>'       : '\U000021be',
+        '\\<restriction>'          : '\U000021be',
+        '\\<Colon>'                : '\U00002237',
+        '\\<up>'                   : '\U00002191',
+        '\\<Up>'                   : '\U000021d1',
+        '\\<down>'                 : '\U00002193',
+        '\\<Down>'                 : '\U000021d3',
+        '\\<updown>'               : '\U00002195',
+        '\\<Updown>'               : '\U000021d5',
+        '\\<langle>'               : '\U000027e8',
+        '\\<rangle>'               : '\U000027e9',
+        '\\<lceil>'                : '\U00002308',
+        '\\<rceil>'                : '\U00002309',
+        '\\<lfloor>'               : '\U0000230a',
+        '\\<rfloor>'               : '\U0000230b',
+        '\\<lparr>'                : '\U00002987',
+        '\\<rparr>'                : '\U00002988',
+        '\\<lbrakk>'               : '\U000027e6',
+        '\\<rbrakk>'               : '\U000027e7',
+        '\\<lbrace>'               : '\U00002983',
+        '\\<rbrace>'               : '\U00002984',
+        '\\<guillemotleft>'        : '\U000000ab',
+        '\\<guillemotright>'       : '\U000000bb',
+        '\\<bottom>'               : '\U000022a5',
+        '\\<top>'                  : '\U000022a4',
+        '\\<and>'                  : '\U00002227',
+        '\\<And>'                  : '\U000022c0',
+        '\\<or>'                   : '\U00002228',
+        '\\<Or>'                   : '\U000022c1',
+        '\\<forall>'               : '\U00002200',
+        '\\<exists>'               : '\U00002203',
+        '\\<nexists>'              : '\U00002204',
+        '\\<not>'                  : '\U000000ac',
+        '\\<box>'                  : '\U000025a1',
+        '\\<diamond>'              : '\U000025c7',
+        '\\<turnstile>'            : '\U000022a2',
+        '\\<Turnstile>'            : '\U000022a8',
+        '\\<tturnstile>'           : '\U000022a9',
+        '\\<TTurnstile>'           : '\U000022ab',
+        '\\<stileturn>'            : '\U000022a3',
+        '\\<surd>'                 : '\U0000221a',
+        '\\<le>'                   : '\U00002264',
+        '\\<ge>'                   : '\U00002265',
+        '\\<lless>'                : '\U0000226a',
+        '\\<ggreater>'             : '\U0000226b',
+        '\\<lesssim>'              : '\U00002272',
+        '\\<greatersim>'           : '\U00002273',
+        '\\<lessapprox>'           : '\U00002a85',
+        '\\<greaterapprox>'        : '\U00002a86',
+        '\\<in>'                   : '\U00002208',
+        '\\<notin>'                : '\U00002209',
+        '\\<subset>'               : '\U00002282',
+        '\\<supset>'               : '\U00002283',
+        '\\<subseteq>'             : '\U00002286',
+        '\\<supseteq>'             : '\U00002287',
+        '\\<sqsubset>'             : '\U0000228f',
+        '\\<sqsupset>'             : '\U00002290',
+        '\\<sqsubseteq>'           : '\U00002291',
+        '\\<sqsupseteq>'           : '\U00002292',
+        '\\<inter>'                : '\U00002229',
+        '\\<Inter>'                : '\U000022c2',
+        '\\<union>'                : '\U0000222a',
+        '\\<Union>'                : '\U000022c3',
+        '\\<squnion>'              : '\U00002294',
+        '\\<Squnion>'              : '\U00002a06',
+        '\\<sqinter>'              : '\U00002293',
+        '\\<Sqinter>'              : '\U00002a05',
+        '\\<setminus>'             : '\U00002216',
+        '\\<propto>'               : '\U0000221d',
+        '\\<uplus>'                : '\U0000228e',
+        '\\<Uplus>'                : '\U00002a04',
+        '\\<noteq>'                : '\U00002260',
+        '\\<sim>'                  : '\U0000223c',
+        '\\<doteq>'                : '\U00002250',
+        '\\<simeq>'                : '\U00002243',
+        '\\<approx>'               : '\U00002248',
+        '\\<asymp>'                : '\U0000224d',
+        '\\<cong>'                 : '\U00002245',
+        '\\<smile>'                : '\U00002323',
+        '\\<equiv>'                : '\U00002261',
+        '\\<frown>'                : '\U00002322',
+        '\\<Join>'                 : '\U000022c8',
+        '\\<bowtie>'               : '\U00002a1d',
+        '\\<prec>'                 : '\U0000227a',
+        '\\<succ>'                 : '\U0000227b',
+        '\\<preceq>'               : '\U0000227c',
+        '\\<succeq>'               : '\U0000227d',
+        '\\<parallel>'             : '\U00002225',
+        '\\<bar>'                  : '\U000000a6',
+        '\\<plusminus>'            : '\U000000b1',
+        '\\<minusplus>'            : '\U00002213',
+        '\\<times>'                : '\U000000d7',
+        '\\<div>'                  : '\U000000f7',
+        '\\<cdot>'                 : '\U000022c5',
+        '\\<star>'                 : '\U000022c6',
+        '\\<bullet>'               : '\U00002219',
+        '\\<circ>'                 : '\U00002218',
+        '\\<dagger>'               : '\U00002020',
+        '\\<ddagger>'              : '\U00002021',
+        '\\<lhd>'                  : '\U000022b2',
+        '\\<rhd>'                  : '\U000022b3',
+        '\\<unlhd>'                : '\U000022b4',
+        '\\<unrhd>'                : '\U000022b5',
+        '\\<triangleleft>'         : '\U000025c3',
+        '\\<triangleright>'        : '\U000025b9',
+        '\\<triangle>'             : '\U000025b3',
+        '\\<triangleq>'            : '\U0000225c',
+        '\\<oplus>'                : '\U00002295',
+        '\\<Oplus>'                : '\U00002a01',
+        '\\<otimes>'               : '\U00002297',
+        '\\<Otimes>'               : '\U00002a02',
+        '\\<odot>'                 : '\U00002299',
+        '\\<Odot>'                 : '\U00002a00',
+        '\\<ominus>'               : '\U00002296',
+        '\\<oslash>'               : '\U00002298',
+        '\\<dots>'                 : '\U00002026',
+        '\\<cdots>'                : '\U000022ef',
+        '\\<Sum>'                  : '\U00002211',
+        '\\<Prod>'                 : '\U0000220f',
+        '\\<Coprod>'               : '\U00002210',
+        '\\<infinity>'             : '\U0000221e',
+        '\\<integral>'             : '\U0000222b',
+        '\\<ointegral>'            : '\U0000222e',
+        '\\<clubsuit>'             : '\U00002663',
+        '\\<diamondsuit>'          : '\U00002662',
+        '\\<heartsuit>'            : '\U00002661',
+        '\\<spadesuit>'            : '\U00002660',
+        '\\<aleph>'                : '\U00002135',
+        '\\<emptyset>'             : '\U00002205',
+        '\\<nabla>'                : '\U00002207',
+        '\\<partial>'              : '\U00002202',
+        '\\<flat>'                 : '\U0000266d',
+        '\\<natural>'              : '\U0000266e',
+        '\\<sharp>'                : '\U0000266f',
+        '\\<angle>'                : '\U00002220',
+        '\\<copyright>'            : '\U000000a9',
+        '\\<registered>'           : '\U000000ae',
+        '\\<hyphen>'               : '\U000000ad',
+        '\\<inverse>'              : '\U000000af',
+        '\\<onequarter>'           : '\U000000bc',
+        '\\<onehalf>'              : '\U000000bd',
+        '\\<threequarters>'        : '\U000000be',
+        '\\<ordfeminine>'          : '\U000000aa',
+        '\\<ordmasculine>'         : '\U000000ba',
+        '\\<section>'              : '\U000000a7',
+        '\\<paragraph>'            : '\U000000b6',
+        '\\<exclamdown>'           : '\U000000a1',
+        '\\<questiondown>'         : '\U000000bf',
+        '\\<euro>'                 : '\U000020ac',
+        '\\<pounds>'               : '\U000000a3',
+        '\\<yen>'                  : '\U000000a5',
+        '\\<cent>'                 : '\U000000a2',
+        '\\<currency>'             : '\U000000a4',
+        '\\<degree>'               : '\U000000b0',
+        '\\<amalg>'                : '\U00002a3f',
+        '\\<mho>'                  : '\U00002127',
+        '\\<lozenge>'              : '\U000025ca',
+        '\\<wp>'                   : '\U00002118',
+        '\\<wrong>'                : '\U00002240',
+        '\\<struct>'               : '\U000022c4',
+        '\\<acute>'                : '\U000000b4',
+        '\\<index>'                : '\U00000131',
+        '\\<dieresis>'             : '\U000000a8',
+        '\\<cedilla>'              : '\U000000b8',
+        '\\<hungarumlaut>'         : '\U000002dd',
+        '\\<some>'                 : '\U000003f5',
+        '\\<newline>'              : '\U000023ce',
+        '\\<open>'                 : '\U00002039',
+        '\\<close>'                : '\U0000203a',
+        '\\<here>'                 : '\U00002302',
+        '\\<^sub>'                 : '\U000021e9',
+        '\\<^sup>'                 : '\U000021e7',
+        '\\<^bold>'                : '\U00002759',
+        '\\<^bsub>'                : '\U000021d8',
+        '\\<^esub>'                : '\U000021d9',
+        '\\<^bsup>'                : '\U000021d7',
+        '\\<^esup>'                : '\U000021d6',
+    }
+
+    lang_map = {'isabelle' : isabelle_symbols, 'latex' : latex_symbols}
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        lang = get_choice_opt(options, 'lang',
+                              ['isabelle', 'latex'], 'isabelle')
+        self.symbols = self.lang_map[lang]
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if value in self.symbols:
+                yield ttype, self.symbols[value]
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class KeywordCaseFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert keywords to lowercase or uppercase or capitalize them, which
+    means first letter uppercase, rest lowercase.
+
+    This can be useful e.g. if you highlight Pascal code and want to adapt the
+    code to your styleguide.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `case` : string
+       The casing to convert keywords to. Must be one of ``'lower'``,
+       ``'upper'`` or ``'capitalize'``.  The default is ``'lower'``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        case = get_choice_opt(options, 'case',
+                              ['lower', 'upper', 'capitalize'], 'lower')
+        self.convert = getattr(str, case)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in Keyword:
+                yield ttype, self.convert(value)
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class NameHighlightFilter(Filter):
+    """Highlight a normal Name (and Name.*) token with a different token type.
+
+    Example::
+
+        filter = NameHighlightFilter(
+            names=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
+            tokentype=Name.Function,
+        )
+
+    This would highlight the names "foo", "bar" and "baz"
+    as functions. `Name.Function` is the default token type.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `names` : list of strings
+      A list of names that should be given the different token type.
+      There is no default.
+    `tokentype` : TokenType or string
+      A token type or a string containing a token type name that is
+      used for highlighting the strings in `names`.  The default is
+      `Name.Function`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.names = set(get_list_opt(options, 'names', []))
+        tokentype = options.get('tokentype')
+        if tokentype:
+            self.tokentype = string_to_tokentype(tokentype)
+        else:
+            self.tokentype = Name.Function
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in Name and value in self.names:
+                yield self.tokentype, value
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class ErrorToken(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RaiseOnErrorTokenFilter(Filter):
+    """Raise an exception when the lexer generates an error token.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `excclass` : Exception class
+      The exception class to raise.
+      The default is `pygments.filters.ErrorToken`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.exception = options.get('excclass', ErrorToken)
+        try:
+            # issubclass() will raise TypeError if first argument is not a class
+            if not issubclass(self.exception, Exception):
+                raise TypeError
+        except TypeError:
+            raise OptionError('excclass option is not an exception class')
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype is Error:
+                raise self.exception(value)
+            yield ttype, value
+
+
+class VisibleWhitespaceFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert tabs, newlines and/or spaces to visible characters.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `spaces` : string or bool
+      If this is a one-character string, spaces will be replaces by this string.
+      If it is another true value, spaces will be replaced by ``·`` (unicode
+      MIDDLE DOT).  If it is a false value, spaces will not be replaced.  The
+      default is ``False``.
+    `tabs` : string or bool
+      The same as for `spaces`, but the default replacement character is ``»``
+      (unicode RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK).  The default value
+      is ``False``.  Note: this will not work if the `tabsize` option for the
+      lexer is nonzero, as tabs will already have been expanded then.
+    `tabsize` : int
+      If tabs are to be replaced by this filter (see the `tabs` option), this
+      is the total number of characters that a tab should be expanded to.
+      The default is ``8``.
+    `newlines` : string or bool
+      The same as for `spaces`, but the default replacement character is ``¶``
+      (unicode PILCROW SIGN).  The default value is ``False``.
+    `wstokentype` : bool
+      If true, give whitespace the special `Whitespace` token type.  This allows
+      styling the visible whitespace differently (e.g. greyed out), but it can
+      disrupt background colors.  The default is ``True``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        for name, default in [('spaces',   '·'),
+                              ('tabs',     '»'),
+                              ('newlines', '¶')]:
+            opt = options.get(name, False)
+            if isinstance(opt, str) and len(opt) == 1:
+                setattr(self, name, opt)
+            else:
+                setattr(self, name, (opt and default or ''))
+        tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 8)
+        if self.tabs:
+            self.tabs += ' ' * (tabsize - 1)
+        if self.newlines:
+            self.newlines += '\n'
+        self.wstt = get_bool_opt(options, 'wstokentype', True)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        if self.wstt:
+            spaces = self.spaces or ' '
+            tabs = self.tabs or '\t'
+            newlines = self.newlines or '\n'
+            regex = re.compile(r'\s')
+
+            def replacefunc(wschar):
+                if wschar == ' ':
+                    return spaces
+                elif wschar == '\t':
+                    return tabs
+                elif wschar == '\n':
+                    return newlines
+                return wschar
+
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                yield from _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, Whitespace,
+                                            replacefunc)
+        else:
+            spaces, tabs, newlines = self.spaces, self.tabs, self.newlines
+            # simpler processing
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                if spaces:
+                    value = value.replace(' ', spaces)
+                if tabs:
+                    value = value.replace('\t', tabs)
+                if newlines:
+                    value = value.replace('\n', newlines)
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class GobbleFilter(Filter):
+    """Gobbles source code lines (eats initial characters).
+
+    This filter drops the first ``n`` characters off every line of code.  This
+    may be useful when the source code fed to the lexer is indented by a fixed
+    amount of space that isn't desired in the output.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `n` : int
+       The number of characters to gobble.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.n = get_int_opt(options, 'n', 0)
+
+    def gobble(self, value, left):
+        if left < len(value):
+            return value[left:], 0
+        else:
+            return '', left - len(value)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        n = self.n
+        left = n  # How many characters left to gobble.
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            # Remove ``left`` tokens from first line, ``n`` from all others.
+            parts = value.split('\n')
+            (parts[0], left) = self.gobble(parts[0], left)
+            for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+                (parts[i], left) = self.gobble(parts[i], n)
+            value = '\n'.join(parts)
+
+            if value != '':
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class TokenMergeFilter(Filter):
+    """Merges consecutive tokens with the same token type in the output
+    stream of a lexer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        current_type = None
+        current_value = None
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype is current_type:
+                current_value += value
+            else:
+                if current_type is not None:
+                    yield current_type, current_value
+                current_type = ttype
+                current_value = value
+        if current_type is not None:
+            yield current_type, current_value
+
+
+FILTERS = {
+    'codetagify':     CodeTagFilter,
+    'keywordcase':    KeywordCaseFilter,
+    'highlight':      NameHighlightFilter,
+    'raiseonerror':   RaiseOnErrorTokenFilter,
+    'whitespace':     VisibleWhitespaceFilter,
+    'gobble':         GobbleFilter,
+    'tokenmerge':     TokenMergeFilter,
+    'symbols':        SymbolFilter,
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ca4892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatter
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Base formatter class.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
+
+__all__ = ['Formatter']
+
+
+def _lookup_style(style):
+    if isinstance(style, str):
+        return get_style_by_name(style)
+    return style
+
+
+class Formatter:
+    """
+    Converts a token stream to text.
+
+    Formatters should have attributes to help selecting them. These
+    are similar to the corresponding :class:`~pygments.lexer.Lexer`
+    attributes.
+
+    .. autoattribute:: name
+       :no-value:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: aliases
+       :no-value:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: filenames
+       :no-value:
+
+    You can pass options as keyword arguments to the constructor.
+    All formatters accept these basic options:
+
+    ``style``
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass
+        (default: "default"). Not used by e.g. the
+        TerminalFormatter.
+    ``full``
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e.
+        a complete self-contained document. This doesn't have
+        any effect for some formatters (default: false).
+    ``title``
+        If ``full`` is true, the title that should be used to
+        caption the document (default: '').
+    ``encoding``
+        If given, must be an encoding name. This will be used to
+        convert the Unicode token strings to byte strings in the
+        output. If it is "" or None, Unicode strings will be written
+        to the output file, which most file-like objects do not
+        support (default: None).
+    ``outencoding``
+        Overrides ``encoding`` if given.
+
+    """
+
+    #: Full name for the formatter, in human-readable form.
+    name = None
+
+    #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to lookup
+    #: the formatter from a list, e.g. using :func:`.get_formatter_by_name()`.
+    aliases = []
+
+    #: A list of fnmatch patterns that match filenames for which this
+    #: formatter can produce output. The patterns in this list should be unique
+    #: among all formatters.
+    filenames = []
+
+    #: If True, this formatter outputs Unicode strings when no encoding
+    #: option is given.
+    unicodeoutput = True
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        As with lexers, this constructor takes arbitrary optional arguments,
+        and if you override it, you should first process your own options, then
+        call the base class implementation.
+        """
+        self.style = _lookup_style(options.get('style', 'default'))
+        self.full = get_bool_opt(options, 'full', False)
+        self.title = options.get('title', '')
+        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', None) or None
+        if self.encoding in ('guess', 'chardet'):
+            # can happen for e.g. pygmentize -O encoding=guess
+            self.encoding = 'utf-8'
+        self.encoding = options.get('outencoding') or self.encoding
+        self.options = options
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        """
+        This method must return statements or declarations suitable to define
+        the current style for subsequent highlighted text (e.g. CSS classes
+        in the `HTMLFormatter`).
+
+        The optional argument `arg` can be used to modify the generation and
+        is formatter dependent (it is standardized because it can be given on
+        the command line).
+
+        This method is called by the ``-S`` :doc:`command-line option <cmdline>`,
+        the `arg` is then given by the ``-a`` option.
+        """
+        return ''
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        This method must format the tokens from the `tokensource` iterable and
+        write the formatted version to the file object `outfile`.
+
+        Formatter options can control how exactly the tokens are converted.
+        """
+        if self.encoding:
+            # wrap the outfile in a StreamWriter
+            outfile = codecs.lookup(self.encoding)[3](outfile)
+        return self.format_unencoded(tokensource, outfile)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39db842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments formatters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import fnmatch
+from os.path import basename
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters._mapping import FORMATTERS
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_formatters
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+__all__ = ['get_formatter_by_name', 'get_formatter_for_filename',
+           'get_all_formatters', 'load_formatter_from_file'] + list(FORMATTERS)
+
+_formatter_cache = {}  # classes by name
+_pattern_cache = {}
+
+
+def _fn_matches(fn, glob):
+    """Return whether the supplied file name fn matches pattern filename."""
+    if glob not in _pattern_cache:
+        pattern = _pattern_cache[glob] = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(glob))
+        return pattern.match(fn)
+    return _pattern_cache[glob].match(fn)
+
+
+def _load_formatters(module_name):
+    """Load a formatter (and all others in the module too)."""
+    mod = __import__(module_name, None, None, ['__all__'])
+    for formatter_name in mod.__all__:
+        cls = getattr(mod, formatter_name)
+        _formatter_cache[cls.name] = cls
+
+
+def get_all_formatters():
+    """Return a generator for all formatter classes."""
+    # NB: this returns formatter classes, not info like get_all_lexers().
+    for info in FORMATTERS.values():
+        if info[1] not in _formatter_cache:
+            _load_formatters(info[0])
+        yield _formatter_cache[info[1]]
+    for _, formatter in find_plugin_formatters():
+        yield formatter
+
+
+def find_formatter_class(alias):
+    """Lookup a formatter by alias.
+
+    Returns None if not found.
+    """
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in FORMATTERS.values():
+        if alias in aliases:
+            if name not in _formatter_cache:
+                _load_formatters(module_name)
+            return _formatter_cache[name]
+    for _, cls in find_plugin_formatters():
+        if alias in cls.aliases:
+            return cls
+
+
+def get_formatter_by_name(_alias, **options):
+    """
+    Return an instance of a :class:`.Formatter` subclass that has `alias` in its
+    aliases list. The formatter is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no formatter with that
+    alias is found.
+    """
+    cls = find_formatter_class(_alias)
+    if cls is None:
+        raise ClassNotFound("no formatter found for name %r" % _alias)
+    return cls(**options)
+
+
+def load_formatter_from_file(filename, formattername="CustomFormatter", **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Formatter` subclass instance loaded from the provided file, relative
+    to the current directory.
+
+    The file is expected to contain a Formatter class named ``formattername``
+    (by default, CustomFormatter). Users should be very careful with the input, because
+    this method is equivalent to running ``eval()`` on the input file. The formatter is
+    given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if there are any errors loading
+    the formatter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    try:
+        # This empty dict will contain the namespace for the exec'd file
+        custom_namespace = {}
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            exec(f.read(), custom_namespace)
+        # Retrieve the class `formattername` from that namespace
+        if formattername not in custom_namespace:
+            raise ClassNotFound('no valid %s class found in %s' %
+                                (formattername, filename))
+        formatter_class = custom_namespace[formattername]
+        # And finally instantiate it with the options
+        return formatter_class(**options)
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('cannot read %s: %s' % (filename, err))
+    except ClassNotFound:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('error when loading custom formatter: %s' % err)
+
+
+def get_formatter_for_filename(fn, **options):
+    """
+    Return a :class:`.Formatter` subclass instance that has a filename pattern
+    matching `fn`. The formatter is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no formatter for that filename
+    is found.
+    """
+    fn = basename(fn)
+    for modname, name, _, filenames, _ in FORMATTERS.values():
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                if name not in _formatter_cache:
+                    _load_formatters(modname)
+                return _formatter_cache[name](**options)
+    for cls in find_plugin_formatters():
+        for filename in cls.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound("no formatter found for file name %r" % fn)
+
+
+class _automodule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Automatically import formatters."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        info = FORMATTERS.get(name)
+        if info:
+            _load_formatters(info[0])
+            cls = _formatter_cache[info[1]]
+            setattr(self, name, cls)
+            return cls
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+oldmod = sys.modules[__name__]
+newmod = _automodule(__name__)
+newmod.__dict__.update(oldmod.__dict__)
+sys.modules[__name__] = newmod
+del newmod.newmod, newmod.oldmod, newmod.sys, newmod.types
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ca840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+FORMATTERS = {
+    'BBCodeFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.bbcode', 'BBCode', ('bbcode', 'bb'), (), 'Format tokens with BBcodes. These formatting codes are used by many bulletin boards, so you can highlight your sourcecode with pygments before posting it there.'),
+    'BmpImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_bmp', ('bmp', 'bitmap'), ('*.bmp',), 'Create a bitmap image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'GifImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_gif', ('gif',), ('*.gif',), 'Create a GIF image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'GroffFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.groff', 'groff', ('groff', 'troff', 'roff'), (), 'Format tokens with groff escapes to change their color and font style.'),
+    'HtmlFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.html', 'HTML', ('html',), ('*.html', '*.htm'), "Format tokens as HTML 4 ``<span>`` tags. By default, the content is enclosed in a ``<pre>`` tag, itself wrapped in a ``<div>`` tag (but see the `nowrap` option). The ``<div>``'s CSS class can be set by the `cssclass` option."),
+    'IRCFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.irc', 'IRC', ('irc', 'IRC'), (), 'Format tokens with IRC color sequences'),
+    'ImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img', ('img', 'IMG', 'png'), ('*.png',), 'Create a PNG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'JpgImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_jpg', ('jpg', 'jpeg'), ('*.jpg',), 'Create a JPEG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'LatexFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.latex', 'LaTeX', ('latex', 'tex'), ('*.tex',), 'Format tokens as LaTeX code. This needs the `fancyvrb` and `color` standard packages.'),
+    'NullFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Text only', ('text', 'null'), ('*.txt',), 'Output the text unchanged without any formatting.'),
+    'PangoMarkupFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.pangomarkup', 'Pango Markup', ('pango', 'pangomarkup'), (), 'Format tokens as Pango Markup code. It can then be rendered to an SVG.'),
+    'RawTokenFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Raw tokens', ('raw', 'tokens'), ('*.raw',), 'Format tokens as a raw representation for storing token streams.'),
+    'RtfFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.rtf', 'RTF', ('rtf',), ('*.rtf',), 'Format tokens as RTF markup. This formatter automatically outputs full RTF documents with color information and other useful stuff. Perfect for Copy and Paste into Microsoft(R) Word(R) documents.'),
+    'SvgFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.svg', 'SVG', ('svg',), ('*.svg',), 'Format tokens as an SVG graphics file.  This formatter is still experimental. Each line of code is a ``<text>`` element with explicit ``x`` and ``y`` coordinates containing ``<tspan>`` elements with the individual token styles.'),
+    'Terminal256Formatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal256', 'Terminal256', ('terminal256', 'console256', '256'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a 256-color terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TerminalFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal', 'Terminal', ('terminal', 'console'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a text console. Color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TerminalTrueColorFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal256', 'TerminalTrueColor', ('terminal16m', 'console16m', '16m'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a true-color terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TestcaseFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Testcase', ('testcase',), (), 'Format tokens as appropriate for a new testcase.'),
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4db8f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.bbcode
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    BBcode formatter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt
+
+__all__ = ['BBCodeFormatter']
+
+
+class BBCodeFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with BBcodes. These formatting codes are used by many
+    bulletin boards, so you can highlight your sourcecode with pygments before
+    posting it there.
+
+    This formatter has no support for background colors and borders, as there
+    are no common BBcode tags for that.
+
+    Some board systems (e.g. phpBB) don't support colors in their [code] tag,
+    so you can't use the highlighting together with that tag.
+    Text in a [code] tag usually is shown with a monospace font (which this
+    formatter can do with the ``monofont`` option) and no spaces (which you
+    need for indentation) are removed.
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `codetag`
+        If set to true, put the output into ``[code]`` tags (default:
+        ``false``)
+
+    `monofont`
+        If set to true, add a tag to show the code with a monospace font
+        (default: ``false``).
+    """
+    name = 'BBCode'
+    aliases = ['bbcode', 'bb']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self._code = get_bool_opt(options, 'codetag', False)
+        self._mono = get_bool_opt(options, 'monofont', False)
+
+        self.styles = {}
+        self._make_styles()
+
+    def _make_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            start = end = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                start += '[color=#%s]' % ndef['color']
+                end = '[/color]' + end
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                start += '[b]'
+                end = '[/b]' + end
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                start += '[i]'
+                end = '[/i]' + end
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                start += '[u]'
+                end = '[/u]' + end
+            # there are no common BBcodes for background-color and border
+
+            self.styles[ttype] = start, end
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self._code:
+            outfile.write('[code]')
+        if self._mono:
+            outfile.write('[font=monospace]')
+
+        lastval = ''
+        lasttype = None
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            if ttype == lasttype:
+                lastval += value
+            else:
+                if lastval:
+                    start, end = self.styles[lasttype]
+                    outfile.write(''.join((start, lastval, end)))
+                lastval = value
+                lasttype = ttype
+
+        if lastval:
+            start, end = self.styles[lasttype]
+            outfile.write(''.join((start, lastval, end)))
+
+        if self._mono:
+            outfile.write('[/font]')
+        if self._code:
+            outfile.write('[/code]')
+        if self._code or self._mono:
+            outfile.write('\n')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a528e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.groff
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for groff output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import math
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+__all__ = ['GroffFormatter']
+
+
+class GroffFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with groff escapes to change their color and font style.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `monospaced`
+        If set to true, monospace font will be used (default: ``true``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to true, print the line numbers (default: ``false``).
+
+    `wrap`
+        Wrap lines to the specified number of characters. Disabled if set to 0
+        (default: ``0``).
+    """
+
+    name = 'groff'
+    aliases = ['groff','troff','roff']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.monospaced = get_bool_opt(options, 'monospaced', True)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+        self.wrap = get_int_opt(options, 'wrap', 0)
+        self._linelen = 0
+
+        self.styles = {}
+        self._make_styles()
+
+
+    def _make_styles(self):
+        regular = '\\f[CR]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[R]'
+        bold = '\\f[CB]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[B]'
+        italic = '\\f[CI]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[I]'
+
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            start = end = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                start += '\\m[%s]' % ndef['color']
+                end = '\\m[]' + end
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                start += bold
+                end = regular + end
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                start += italic
+                end = regular + end
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                start += '\\M[%s]' % ndef['bgcolor']
+                end = '\\M[]' + end
+
+            self.styles[ttype] = start, end
+
+
+    def _define_colors(self, outfile):
+        colors = set()
+        for _, ndef in self.style:
+            if ndef['color'] is not None:
+                colors.add(ndef['color'])
+
+        for color in sorted(colors):
+            outfile.write('.defcolor ' + color + ' rgb #' + color + '\n')
+
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s% 4d " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+
+    def _wrap_line(self, line):
+        length = len(line.rstrip('\n'))
+        space = '     ' if self.linenos else ''
+        newline = ''
+
+        if length > self.wrap:
+            for i in range(0, math.floor(length / self.wrap)):
+                chunk = line[i*self.wrap:i*self.wrap+self.wrap]
+                newline += (chunk + '\n' + space)
+            remainder = length % self.wrap
+            if remainder > 0:
+                newline += line[-remainder-1:]
+                self._linelen = remainder
+        elif self._linelen + length > self.wrap:
+            newline = ('\n' + space) + line
+            self._linelen = length
+        else:
+            newline = line
+            self._linelen += length
+
+        return newline
+
+
+    def _escape_chars(self, text):
+        text = text.replace('\\', '\\[u005C]'). \
+                    replace('.', '\\[char46]'). \
+                    replace('\'', '\\[u0027]'). \
+                    replace('`', '\\[u0060]'). \
+                    replace('~', '\\[u007E]')
+        copy = text
+
+        for char in copy:
+            if len(char) != len(char.encode()):
+                uni = char.encode('unicode_escape') \
+                    .decode()[1:] \
+                    .replace('x', 'u00') \
+                    .upper()
+                text = text.replace(char, '\\[u' + uni[1:] + ']')
+
+        return text
+
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        self._define_colors(outfile)
+
+        outfile.write('.nf\n\\f[CR]\n')
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            start, end = self.styles[ttype]
+
+            for line in value.splitlines(True):
+                if self.wrap > 0:
+                    line = self._wrap_line(line)
+
+                if start and end:
+                    text = self._escape_chars(line.rstrip('\n'))
+                    if text != '':
+                        outfile.write(''.join((start, text, end)))
+                else:
+                    outfile.write(self._escape_chars(line.rstrip('\n')))
+
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    if self.linenos:
+                        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                        self._linelen = 0
+                    else:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+                        self._linelen = 0
+
+        outfile.write('\n.fi')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..931d7c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,989 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.html
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for HTML output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import os.path
+from io import StringIO
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, Text, STANDARD_TYPES
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt
+
+try:
+    import ctags
+except ImportError:
+    ctags = None
+
+__all__ = ['HtmlFormatter']
+
+
+_escape_html_table = {
+    ord('&'): '&amp;',
+    ord('<'): '&lt;',
+    ord('>'): '&gt;',
+    ord('"'): '&quot;',
+    ord("'"): '&#39;',
+}
+
+
+def escape_html(text, table=_escape_html_table):
+    """Escape &, <, > as well as single and double quotes for HTML."""
+    return text.translate(table)
+
+
+def webify(color):
+    if color.startswith('calc') or color.startswith('var'):
+        return color
+    else:
+        return '#' + color
+
+
+def _get_ttype_class(ttype):
+    fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    if fname:
+        return fname
+    aname = ''
+    while fname is None:
+        aname = '-' + ttype[-1] + aname
+        ttype = ttype.parent
+        fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    return fname + aname
+
+
+CSSFILE_TEMPLATE = '''\
+/*
+generated by Pygments <https://pygments.org/>
+Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team.
+Licensed under the BSD license, see LICENSE for details.
+*/
+%(styledefs)s
+'''
+
+DOC_HEADER = '''\
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<!--
+generated by Pygments <https://pygments.org/>
+Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team.
+Licensed under the BSD license, see LICENSE for details.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>%(title)s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=%(encoding)s">
+  <style type="text/css">
+''' + CSSFILE_TEMPLATE + '''
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>%(title)s</h2>
+
+'''
+
+DOC_HEADER_EXTERNALCSS = '''\
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>%(title)s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=%(encoding)s">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="%(cssfile)s" type="text/css">
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>%(title)s</h2>
+
+'''
+
+DOC_FOOTER = '''\
+</body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+class HtmlFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as HTML 4 ``<span>`` tags. By default, the content is enclosed
+    in a ``<pre>`` tag, itself wrapped in a ``<div>`` tag (but see the `nowrap` option).
+    The ``<div>``'s CSS class can be set by the `cssclass` option.
+
+    If the `linenos` option is set to ``"table"``, the ``<pre>`` is
+    additionally wrapped inside a ``<table>`` which has one row and two
+    cells: one containing the line numbers and one containing the code.
+    Example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html
+
+        <div class="highlight" >
+        <table><tr>
+          <td class="linenos" title="click to toggle"
+            onclick="with (this.firstChild.style)
+                     { display = (display == '') ? 'none' : '' }">
+            <pre>1
+            2</pre>
+          </td>
+          <td class="code">
+            <pre><span class="Ke">def </span><span class="NaFu">foo</span>(bar):
+              <span class="Ke">pass</span>
+            </pre>
+          </td>
+        </tr></table></div>
+
+    (whitespace added to improve clarity).
+
+    A list of lines can be specified using the `hl_lines` option to make these
+    lines highlighted (as of Pygments 0.11).
+
+    With the `full` option, a complete HTML 4 document is output, including
+    the style definitions inside a ``<style>`` tag, or in a separate file if
+    the `cssfile` option is given.
+
+    When `tagsfile` is set to the path of a ctags index file, it is used to
+    generate hyperlinks from names to their definition.  You must enable
+    `lineanchors` and run ctags with the `-n` option for this to work.  The
+    `python-ctags` module from PyPI must be installed to use this feature;
+    otherwise a `RuntimeError` will be raised.
+
+    The `get_style_defs(arg='')` method of a `HtmlFormatter` returns a string
+    containing CSS rules for the CSS classes used by the formatter. The
+    argument `arg` can be used to specify additional CSS selectors that
+    are prepended to the classes. A call `fmter.get_style_defs('td .code')`
+    would result in the following CSS classes:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: css
+
+        td .code .kw { font-weight: bold; color: #00FF00 }
+        td .code .cm { color: #999999 }
+        ...
+
+    If you have Pygments 0.6 or higher, you can also pass a list or tuple to the
+    `get_style_defs()` method to request multiple prefixes for the tokens:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        formatter.get_style_defs(['div.syntax pre', 'pre.syntax'])
+
+    The output would then look like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: css
+
+        div.syntax pre .kw,
+        pre.syntax .kw { font-weight: bold; color: #00FF00 }
+        div.syntax pre .cm,
+        pre.syntax .cm { color: #999999 }
+        ...
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        If set to ``True``, don't add a ``<pre>`` and a ``<div>`` tag
+        around the tokens. This disables most other options (default: ``False``).
+
+    `full`
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e. a complete
+        self-contained document (default: ``False``).
+
+    `title`
+        If `full` is true, the title that should be used to caption the
+        document (default: ``''``).
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``). This option has no effect if the `cssfile`
+        and `noclobber_cssfile` option are given and the file specified in
+        `cssfile` exists.
+
+    `noclasses`
+        If set to true, token ``<span>`` tags (as well as line number elements)
+        will not use CSS classes, but inline styles. This is not recommended
+        for larger pieces of code since it increases output size by quite a bit
+        (default: ``False``).
+
+    `classprefix`
+        Since the token types use relatively short class names, they may clash
+        with some of your own class names. In this case you can use the
+        `classprefix` option to give a string to prepend to all Pygments-generated
+        CSS class names for token types.
+        Note that this option also affects the output of `get_style_defs()`.
+
+    `cssclass`
+        CSS class for the wrapping ``<div>`` tag (default: ``'highlight'``).
+        If you set this option, the default selector for `get_style_defs()`
+        will be this class.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+           If you select the ``'table'`` line numbers, the wrapping table will
+           have a CSS class of this string plus ``'table'``, the default is
+           accordingly ``'highlighttable'``.
+
+    `cssstyles`
+        Inline CSS styles for the wrapping ``<div>`` tag (default: ``''``).
+
+    `prestyles`
+        Inline CSS styles for the ``<pre>`` tag (default: ``''``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    `cssfile`
+        If the `full` option is true and this option is given, it must be the
+        name of an external file. If the filename does not include an absolute
+        path, the file's path will be assumed to be relative to the main output
+        file's path, if the latter can be found. The stylesheet is then written
+        to this file instead of the HTML file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    `noclobber_cssfile`
+        If `cssfile` is given and the specified file exists, the css file will
+        not be overwritten. This allows the use of the `full` option in
+        combination with a user specified css file. Default is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.1
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to ``'table'``, output line numbers as a table with two cells,
+        one containing the line numbers, the other the whole code.  This is
+        copy-and-paste-friendly, but may cause alignment problems with some
+        browsers or fonts.  If set to ``'inline'``, the line numbers will be
+        integrated in the ``<pre>`` tag that contains the code (that setting
+        is *new in Pygments 0.8*).
+
+        For compatibility with Pygments 0.7 and earlier, every true value
+        except ``'inline'`` means the same as ``'table'`` (in particular, that
+        means also ``True``).
+
+        The default value is ``False``, which means no line numbers at all.
+
+        **Note:** with the default ("table") line number mechanism, the line
+        numbers and code can have different line heights in Internet Explorer
+        unless you give the enclosing ``<pre>`` tags an explicit ``line-height``
+        CSS property (you get the default line spacing with ``line-height:
+        125%``).
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted. The line numbers are always
+        relative to the input (i.e. the first line is line 1) and are
+        independent of `linenostart`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `linenospecial`
+        If set to a number n > 0, every nth line number is given the CSS
+        class ``"special"`` (default: ``0``).
+
+    `nobackground`
+        If set to ``True``, the formatter won't output the background color
+        for the wrapping element (this automatically defaults to ``False``
+        when there is no wrapping element [eg: no argument for the
+        `get_syntax_defs` method given]) (default: ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    `lineseparator`
+        This string is output between lines of code. It defaults to ``"\n"``,
+        which is enough to break a line inside ``<pre>`` tags, but you can
+        e.g. set it to ``"<br>"`` to get HTML line breaks.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    `lineanchors`
+        If set to a nonempty string, e.g. ``foo``, the formatter will wrap each
+        output line in an anchor tag with an ``id`` (and `name`) of ``foo-linenumber``.
+        This allows easy linking to certain lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    `linespans`
+        If set to a nonempty string, e.g. ``foo``, the formatter will wrap each
+        output line in a span tag with an ``id`` of ``foo-linenumber``.
+        This allows easy access to lines via javascript.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `anchorlinenos`
+        If set to `True`, will wrap line numbers in <a> tags. Used in
+        combination with `linenos` and `lineanchors`.
+
+    `tagsfile`
+        If set to the path of a ctags file, wrap names in anchor tags that
+        link to their definitions. `lineanchors` should be used, and the
+        tags file should specify line numbers (see the `-n` option to ctags).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `tagurlformat`
+        A string formatting pattern used to generate links to ctags definitions.
+        Available variables are `%(path)s`, `%(fname)s` and `%(fext)s`.
+        Defaults to an empty string, resulting in just `#prefix-number` links.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `filename`
+        A string used to generate a filename when rendering ``<pre>`` blocks,
+        for example if displaying source code. If `linenos` is set to
+        ``'table'`` then the filename will be rendered in an initial row
+        containing a single `<th>` which spans both columns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    `wrapcode`
+        Wrap the code inside ``<pre>`` blocks using ``<code>``, as recommended
+        by the HTML5 specification.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+
+    `debug_token_types`
+        Add ``title`` attributes to all token ``<span>`` tags that show the
+        name of the token.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.10
+
+
+    **Subclassing the HTML formatter**
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    The HTML formatter is now built in a way that allows easy subclassing, thus
+    customizing the output HTML code. The `format()` method calls
+    `self._format_lines()` which returns a generator that yields tuples of ``(1,
+    line)``, where the ``1`` indicates that the ``line`` is a line of the
+    formatted source code.
+
+    If the `nowrap` option is set, the generator is the iterated over and the
+    resulting HTML is output.
+
+    Otherwise, `format()` calls `self.wrap()`, which wraps the generator with
+    other generators. These may add some HTML code to the one generated by
+    `_format_lines()`, either by modifying the lines generated by the latter,
+    then yielding them again with ``(1, line)``, and/or by yielding other HTML
+    code before or after the lines, with ``(0, html)``. The distinction between
+    source lines and other code makes it possible to wrap the generator multiple
+    times.
+
+    The default `wrap()` implementation adds a ``<div>`` and a ``<pre>`` tag.
+
+    A custom `HtmlFormatter` subclass could look like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        class CodeHtmlFormatter(HtmlFormatter):
+
+            def wrap(self, source, *, include_div):
+                return self._wrap_code(source)
+
+            def _wrap_code(self, source):
+                yield 0, '<code>'
+                for i, t in source:
+                    if i == 1:
+                        # it's a line of formatted code
+                        t += '<br>'
+                    yield i, t
+                yield 0, '</code>'
+
+    This results in wrapping the formatted lines with a ``<code>`` tag, where the
+    source lines are broken using ``<br>`` tags.
+
+    After calling `wrap()`, the `format()` method also adds the "line numbers"
+    and/or "full document" wrappers if the respective options are set. Then, all
+    HTML yielded by the wrapped generator is output.
+    """
+
+    name = 'HTML'
+    aliases = ['html']
+    filenames = ['*.html', '*.htm']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.title = self._decodeifneeded(self.title)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.noclasses = get_bool_opt(options, 'noclasses', False)
+        self.classprefix = options.get('classprefix', '')
+        self.cssclass = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssclass', 'highlight'))
+        self.cssstyles = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssstyles', ''))
+        self.prestyles = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('prestyles', ''))
+        self.cssfile = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssfile', ''))
+        self.noclobber_cssfile = get_bool_opt(options, 'noclobber_cssfile', False)
+        self.tagsfile = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('tagsfile', ''))
+        self.tagurlformat = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('tagurlformat', ''))
+        self.filename = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('filename', ''))
+        self.wrapcode = get_bool_opt(options, 'wrapcode', False)
+        self.span_element_openers = {}
+        self.debug_token_types = get_bool_opt(options, 'debug_token_types', False)
+
+        if self.tagsfile:
+            if not ctags:
+                raise RuntimeError('The "ctags" package must to be installed '
+                                   'to be able to use the "tagsfile" feature.')
+            self._ctags = ctags.CTags(self.tagsfile)
+
+        linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        if linenos == 'inline':
+            self.linenos = 2
+        elif linenos:
+            # compatibility with <= 0.7
+            self.linenos = 1
+        else:
+            self.linenos = 0
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.linenospecial = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenospecial', 0))
+        self.nobackground = get_bool_opt(options, 'nobackground', False)
+        self.lineseparator = options.get('lineseparator', '\n')
+        self.lineanchors = options.get('lineanchors', '')
+        self.linespans = options.get('linespans', '')
+        self.anchorlinenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'anchorlinenos', False)
+        self.hl_lines = set()
+        for lineno in get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', []):
+            try:
+                self.hl_lines.add(int(lineno))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        self._create_stylesheet()
+
+    def _get_css_class(self, ttype):
+        """Return the css class of this token type prefixed with
+        the classprefix option."""
+        ttypeclass = _get_ttype_class(ttype)
+        if ttypeclass:
+            return self.classprefix + ttypeclass
+        return ''
+
+    def _get_css_classes(self, ttype):
+        """Return the CSS classes of this token type prefixed with the classprefix option."""
+        cls = self._get_css_class(ttype)
+        while ttype not in STANDARD_TYPES:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            cls = self._get_css_class(ttype) + ' ' + cls
+        return cls or ''
+
+    def _get_css_inline_styles(self, ttype):
+        """Return the inline CSS styles for this token type."""
+        cclass = self.ttype2class.get(ttype)
+        while cclass is None:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            cclass = self.ttype2class.get(ttype)
+        return cclass or ''
+
+    def _create_stylesheet(self):
+        t2c = self.ttype2class = {Token: ''}
+        c2s = self.class2style = {}
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            name = self._get_css_class(ttype)
+            style = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                style += 'color: %s; ' % webify(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                style += 'font-weight: bold; '
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                style += 'font-style: italic; '
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                style += 'text-decoration: underline; '
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                style += 'background-color: %s; ' % webify(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if ndef['border']:
+                style += 'border: 1px solid %s; ' % webify(ndef['border'])
+            if style:
+                t2c[ttype] = name
+                # save len(ttype) to enable ordering the styles by
+                # hierarchy (necessary for CSS cascading rules!)
+                c2s[name] = (style[:-2], ttype, len(ttype))
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        """
+        Return CSS style definitions for the classes produced by the current
+        highlighting style. ``arg`` can be a string or list of selectors to
+        insert before the token type classes.
+        """
+        style_lines = []
+
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_linenos_style_defs())
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_background_style_defs(arg))
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_token_style_defs(arg))
+
+        return '\n'.join(style_lines)
+
+    def get_token_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        prefix = self.get_css_prefix(arg)
+
+        styles = [
+            (level, ttype, cls, style)
+            for cls, (style, ttype, level) in self.class2style.items()
+            if cls and style
+        ]
+        styles.sort()
+
+        lines = [
+            '%s { %s } /* %s */' % (prefix(cls), style, repr(ttype)[6:])
+            for (level, ttype, cls, style) in styles
+        ]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_background_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        prefix = self.get_css_prefix(arg)
+        bg_color = self.style.background_color
+        hl_color = self.style.highlight_color
+
+        lines = []
+
+        if arg and not self.nobackground and bg_color is not None:
+            text_style = ''
+            if Text in self.ttype2class:
+                text_style = ' ' + self.class2style[self.ttype2class[Text]][0]
+            lines.insert(
+                0, '%s{ background: %s;%s }' % (
+                    prefix(''), bg_color, text_style
+                )
+            )
+        if hl_color is not None:
+            lines.insert(
+                0, '%s { background-color: %s }' % (prefix('hll'), hl_color)
+            )
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_linenos_style_defs(self):
+        lines = [
+            'pre { %s }' % self._pre_style,
+            'td.linenos .normal { %s }' % self._linenos_style,
+            'span.linenos { %s }' % self._linenos_style,
+            'td.linenos .special { %s }' % self._linenos_special_style,
+            'span.linenos.special { %s }' % self._linenos_special_style,
+        ]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_css_prefix(self, arg):
+        if arg is None:
+            arg = ('cssclass' in self.options and '.'+self.cssclass or '')
+        if isinstance(arg, str):
+            args = [arg]
+        else:
+            args = list(arg)
+
+        def prefix(cls):
+            if cls:
+                cls = '.' + cls
+            tmp = []
+            for arg in args:
+                tmp.append((arg and arg + ' ' or '') + cls)
+            return ', '.join(tmp)
+
+        return prefix
+
+    @property
+    def _pre_style(self):
+        return 'line-height: 125%;'
+
+    @property
+    def _linenos_style(self):
+        return 'color: %s; background-color: %s; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;' % (
+            self.style.line_number_color,
+            self.style.line_number_background_color
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _linenos_special_style(self):
+        return 'color: %s; background-color: %s; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;' % (
+            self.style.line_number_special_color,
+            self.style.line_number_special_background_color
+        )
+
+    def _decodeifneeded(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            if self.encoding:
+                return value.decode(self.encoding)
+            return value.decode()
+        return value
+
+    def _wrap_full(self, inner, outfile):
+        if self.cssfile:
+            if os.path.isabs(self.cssfile):
+                # it's an absolute filename
+                cssfilename = self.cssfile
+            else:
+                try:
+                    filename = outfile.name
+                    if not filename or filename[0] == '<':
+                        # pseudo files, e.g. name == '<fdopen>'
+                        raise AttributeError
+                    cssfilename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(filename),
+                                               self.cssfile)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    print('Note: Cannot determine output file name, '
+                          'using current directory as base for the CSS file name',
+                          file=sys.stderr)
+                    cssfilename = self.cssfile
+            # write CSS file only if noclobber_cssfile isn't given as an option.
+            try:
+                if not os.path.exists(cssfilename) or not self.noclobber_cssfile:
+                    with open(cssfilename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as cf:
+                        cf.write(CSSFILE_TEMPLATE %
+                                 {'styledefs': self.get_style_defs('body')})
+            except OSError as err:
+                err.strerror = 'Error writing CSS file: ' + err.strerror
+                raise
+
+            yield 0, (DOC_HEADER_EXTERNALCSS %
+                      dict(title=self.title,
+                           cssfile=self.cssfile,
+                           encoding=self.encoding))
+        else:
+            yield 0, (DOC_HEADER %
+                      dict(title=self.title,
+                           styledefs=self.get_style_defs('body'),
+                           encoding=self.encoding))
+
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, DOC_FOOTER
+
+    def _wrap_tablelinenos(self, inner):
+        dummyoutfile = StringIO()
+        lncount = 0
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                lncount += 1
+            dummyoutfile.write(line)
+
+        fl = self.linenostart
+        mw = len(str(lncount + fl - 1))
+        sp = self.linenospecial
+        st = self.linenostep
+        anchor_name = self.lineanchors or self.linespans
+        aln = self.anchorlinenos
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+
+        lines = []
+
+        for i in range(fl, fl+lncount):
+            print_line = i % st == 0
+            special_line = sp and i % sp == 0
+
+            if print_line:
+                line = '%*d' % (mw, i)
+                if aln:
+                    line = '<a href="#%s-%d">%s</a>' % (anchor_name, i, line)
+            else:
+                line = ' ' * mw
+
+            if nocls:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_special_style
+                else:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_style
+            else:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' class="special"'
+                else:
+                    style = ' class="normal"'
+
+            if style:
+                line = '<span%s>%s</span>' % (style, line)
+
+            lines.append(line)
+
+        ls = '\n'.join(lines)
+
+        # If a filename was specified, we can't put it into the code table as it
+        # would misalign the line numbers. Hence we emit a separate row for it.
+        filename_tr = ""
+        if self.filename:
+            filename_tr = (
+                '<tr><th colspan="2" class="filename">'
+                '<span class="filename">' + self.filename + '</span>'
+                '</th></tr>')
+
+        # in case you wonder about the seemingly redundant <div> here: since the
+        # content in the other cell also is wrapped in a div, some browsers in
+        # some configurations seem to mess up the formatting...
+        yield 0, (f'<table class="{self.cssclass}table">' + filename_tr +
+            '<tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>' +
+            ls + '</pre></div></td><td class="code">')
+        yield 0, '<div>'
+        yield 0, dummyoutfile.getvalue()
+        yield 0, '</div>'
+        yield 0, '</td></tr></table>'
+
+
+    def _wrap_inlinelinenos(self, inner):
+        # need a list of lines since we need the width of a single number :(
+        inner_lines = list(inner)
+        sp = self.linenospecial
+        st = self.linenostep
+        num = self.linenostart
+        mw = len(str(len(inner_lines) + num - 1))
+        anchor_name = self.lineanchors or self.linespans
+        aln = self.anchorlinenos
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+
+        for _, inner_line in inner_lines:
+            print_line = num % st == 0
+            special_line = sp and num % sp == 0
+
+            if print_line:
+                line = '%*d' % (mw, num)
+            else:
+                line = ' ' * mw
+
+            if nocls:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_special_style
+                else:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_style
+            else:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' class="linenos special"'
+                else:
+                    style = ' class="linenos"'
+
+            if style:
+                linenos = '<span%s>%s</span>' % (style, line)
+            else:
+                linenos = line
+
+            if aln:
+                yield 1, ('<a href="#%s-%d">%s</a>' % (anchor_name, num, linenos) +
+                          inner_line)
+            else:
+                yield 1, linenos + inner_line
+            num += 1
+
+    def _wrap_lineanchors(self, inner):
+        s = self.lineanchors
+        # subtract 1 since we have to increment i *before* yielding
+        i = self.linenostart - 1
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                i += 1
+                href = "" if self.linenos else ' href="#%s-%d"' % (s, i)
+                yield 1, '<a id="%s-%d" name="%s-%d"%s></a>' % (s, i, s, i, href) + line
+            else:
+                yield 0, line
+
+    def _wrap_linespans(self, inner):
+        s = self.linespans
+        i = self.linenostart - 1
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                i += 1
+                yield 1, '<span id="%s-%d">%s</span>' % (s, i, line)
+            else:
+                yield 0, line
+
+    def _wrap_div(self, inner):
+        style = []
+        if (self.noclasses and not self.nobackground and
+                self.style.background_color is not None):
+            style.append('background: %s' % (self.style.background_color,))
+        if self.cssstyles:
+            style.append(self.cssstyles)
+        style = '; '.join(style)
+
+        yield 0, ('<div' + (self.cssclass and ' class="%s"' % self.cssclass) +
+                  (style and (' style="%s"' % style)) + '>')
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</div>\n'
+
+    def _wrap_pre(self, inner):
+        style = []
+        if self.prestyles:
+            style.append(self.prestyles)
+        if self.noclasses:
+            style.append(self._pre_style)
+        style = '; '.join(style)
+
+        if self.filename and self.linenos != 1:
+            yield 0, ('<span class="filename">' + self.filename + '</span>')
+
+        # the empty span here is to keep leading empty lines from being
+        # ignored by HTML parsers
+        yield 0, ('<pre' + (style and ' style="%s"' % style) + '><span></span>')
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</pre>'
+
+    def _wrap_code(self, inner):
+        yield 0, '<code>'
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</code>'
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=100)
+    def _translate_parts(self, value):
+        """HTML-escape a value and split it by newlines."""
+        return value.translate(_escape_html_table).split('\n')
+
+    def _format_lines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Just format the tokens, without any wrapping tags.
+        Yield individual lines.
+        """
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+        lsep = self.lineseparator
+        tagsfile = self.tagsfile
+
+        lspan = ''
+        line = []
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            try:
+                cspan = self.span_element_openers[ttype]
+            except KeyError:
+                title = ' title="%s"' % '.'.join(ttype) if self.debug_token_types else ''
+                if nocls:
+                    css_style = self._get_css_inline_styles(ttype)
+                    if css_style:
+                        css_style = self.class2style[css_style][0]
+                        cspan = '<span style="%s"%s>' % (css_style, title)
+                    else:
+                        cspan = ''
+                else:
+                    css_class = self._get_css_classes(ttype)
+                    if css_class:
+                        cspan = '<span class="%s"%s>' % (css_class, title)
+                    else:
+                        cspan = ''
+                self.span_element_openers[ttype] = cspan
+
+            parts = self._translate_parts(value)
+
+            if tagsfile and ttype in Token.Name:
+                filename, linenumber = self._lookup_ctag(value)
+                if linenumber:
+                    base, filename = os.path.split(filename)
+                    if base:
+                        base += '/'
+                    filename, extension = os.path.splitext(filename)
+                    url = self.tagurlformat % {'path': base, 'fname': filename,
+                                               'fext': extension}
+                    parts[0] = "<a href=\"%s#%s-%d\">%s" % \
+                        (url, self.lineanchors, linenumber, parts[0])
+                    parts[-1] = parts[-1] + "</a>"
+
+            # for all but the last line
+            for part in parts[:-1]:
+                if line:
+                    # Also check for part being non-empty, so we avoid creating
+                    # empty <span> tags
+                    if lspan != cspan and part:
+                        line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), cspan, part,
+                                     (cspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                    else:  # both are the same, or the current part was empty
+                        line.extend((part, (lspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                    yield 1, ''.join(line)
+                    line = []
+                elif part:
+                    yield 1, ''.join((cspan, part, (cspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                else:
+                    yield 1, lsep
+            # for the last line
+            if line and parts[-1]:
+                if lspan != cspan:
+                    line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), cspan, parts[-1]))
+                    lspan = cspan
+                else:
+                    line.append(parts[-1])
+            elif parts[-1]:
+                line = [cspan, parts[-1]]
+                lspan = cspan
+            # else we neither have to open a new span nor set lspan
+
+        if line:
+            line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+            yield 1, ''.join(line)
+
+    def _lookup_ctag(self, token):
+        entry = ctags.TagEntry()
+        if self._ctags.find(entry, token.encode(), 0):
+            return entry['file'], entry['lineNumber']
+        else:
+            return None, None
+
+    def _highlight_lines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Highlighted the lines specified in the `hl_lines` option by
+        post-processing the token stream coming from `_format_lines`.
+        """
+        hls = self.hl_lines
+
+        for i, (t, value) in enumerate(tokensource):
+            if t != 1:
+                yield t, value
+            if i + 1 in hls:  # i + 1 because Python indexes start at 0
+                if self.noclasses:
+                    style = ''
+                    if self.style.highlight_color is not None:
+                        style = (' style="background-color: %s"' %
+                                 (self.style.highlight_color,))
+                    yield 1, '<span%s>%s</span>' % (style, value)
+                else:
+                    yield 1, '<span class="hll">%s</span>' % value
+            else:
+                yield 1, value
+
+    def wrap(self, source):
+        """
+        Wrap the ``source``, which is a generator yielding
+        individual lines, in custom generators. See docstring
+        for `format`. Can be overridden.
+        """
+
+        output = source
+        if self.wrapcode:
+            output = self._wrap_code(output)
+
+        output = self._wrap_pre(output)
+
+        return output
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        The formatting process uses several nested generators; which of
+        them are used is determined by the user's options.
+
+        Each generator should take at least one argument, ``inner``,
+        and wrap the pieces of text generated by this.
+
+        Always yield 2-tuples: (code, text). If "code" is 1, the text
+        is part of the original tokensource being highlighted, if it's
+        0, the text is some piece of wrapping. This makes it possible to
+        use several different wrappers that process the original source
+        linewise, e.g. line number generators.
+        """
+        source = self._format_lines(tokensource)
+
+        # As a special case, we wrap line numbers before line highlighting
+        # so the line numbers get wrapped in the highlighting tag.
+        if not self.nowrap and self.linenos == 2:
+            source = self._wrap_inlinelinenos(source)
+
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            source = self._highlight_lines(source)
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            if self.lineanchors:
+                source = self._wrap_lineanchors(source)
+            if self.linespans:
+                source = self._wrap_linespans(source)
+            source = self.wrap(source)
+            if self.linenos == 1:
+                source = self._wrap_tablelinenos(source)
+            source = self._wrap_div(source)
+            if self.full:
+                source = self._wrap_full(source, outfile)
+
+        for t, piece in source:
+            outfile.write(piece)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a338c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.img
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for Pixmap output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \
+    get_choice_opt
+
+import subprocess
+
+# Import this carefully
+try:
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+    pil_available = True
+except ImportError:
+    pil_available = False
+
+try:
+    import _winreg
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import winreg as _winreg
+    except ImportError:
+        _winreg = None
+
+__all__ = ['ImageFormatter', 'GifImageFormatter', 'JpgImageFormatter',
+           'BmpImageFormatter']
+
+
+# For some unknown reason every font calls it something different
+STYLES = {
+    'NORMAL':     ['', 'Roman', 'Book', 'Normal', 'Regular', 'Medium'],
+    'ITALIC':     ['Oblique', 'Italic'],
+    'BOLD':       ['Bold'],
+    'BOLDITALIC': ['Bold Oblique', 'Bold Italic'],
+}
+
+# A sane default for modern systems
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_NIX = 'DejaVu Sans Mono'
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_WIN = 'Courier New'
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_MAC = 'Menlo'
+
+
+class PilNotAvailable(ImportError):
+    """When Python imaging library is not available"""
+
+
+class FontNotFound(Exception):
+    """When there are no usable fonts specified"""
+
+
+class FontManager:
+    """
+    Manages a set of fonts: normal, italic, bold, etc...
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, font_name, font_size=14):
+        self.font_name = font_name
+        self.font_size = font_size
+        self.fonts = {}
+        self.encoding = None
+        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_WIN
+            self._create_win()
+        elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_MAC
+            self._create_mac()
+        else:
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_NIX
+            self._create_nix()
+
+    def _get_nix_font_path(self, name, style):
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(['fc-list', "%s:style=%s" % (name, style), 'file'],
+                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=None)
+        stdout, _ = proc.communicate()
+        if proc.returncode == 0:
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                if line.startswith(b'Fontconfig warning:'):
+                    continue
+                path = line.decode().strip().strip(':')
+                if path:
+                    return path
+            return None
+
+    def _create_nix(self):
+        for name in STYLES['NORMAL']:
+            path = self._get_nix_font_path(self.font_name, name)
+            if path is not None:
+                self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise FontNotFound('No usable fonts named: "%s"' %
+                               self.font_name)
+        for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+            for stylename in STYLES[style]:
+                path = self._get_nix_font_path(self.font_name, stylename)
+                if path is not None:
+                    self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                else:
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def _get_mac_font_path(self, font_map, name, style):
+        return font_map.get((name + ' ' + style).strip().lower())
+
+    def _create_mac(self):
+        font_map = {}
+        for font_dir in (os.path.join(os.getenv("HOME"), 'Library/Fonts/'),
+                         '/Library/Fonts/', '/System/Library/Fonts/'):
+            font_map.update(
+                (os.path.splitext(f)[0].lower(), os.path.join(font_dir, f))
+                for f in os.listdir(font_dir)
+                if f.lower().endswith(('ttf', 'ttc')))
+
+        for name in STYLES['NORMAL']:
+            path = self._get_mac_font_path(font_map, self.font_name, name)
+            if path is not None:
+                self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise FontNotFound('No usable fonts named: "%s"' %
+                               self.font_name)
+        for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+            for stylename in STYLES[style]:
+                path = self._get_mac_font_path(font_map, self.font_name, stylename)
+                if path is not None:
+                    self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                else:
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def _lookup_win(self, key, basename, styles, fail=False):
+        for suffix in ('', ' (TrueType)'):
+            for style in styles:
+                try:
+                    valname = '%s%s%s' % (basename, style and ' '+style, suffix)
+                    val, _ = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, valname)
+                    return val
+                except OSError:
+                    continue
+        else:
+            if fail:
+                raise FontNotFound('Font %s (%s) not found in registry' %
+                                   (basename, styles[0]))
+            return None
+
+    def _create_win(self):
+        lookuperror = None
+        keynames = [ (_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts') ]
+        for keyname in keynames:
+            try:
+                key = _winreg.OpenKey(*keyname)
+                try:
+                    path = self._lookup_win(key, self.font_name, STYLES['NORMAL'], True)
+                    self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+                        path = self._lookup_win(key, self.font_name, STYLES[style])
+                        if path:
+                            self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                        else:
+                            if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                                self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                            else:
+                                self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+                    return
+                except FontNotFound as err:
+                    lookuperror = err
+                finally:
+                    _winreg.CloseKey(key)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            # If we get here, we checked all registry keys and had no luck
+            # We can be in one of two situations now:
+            # * All key lookups failed. In this case lookuperror is None and we
+            #   will raise a generic error
+            # * At least one lookup failed with a FontNotFound error. In this
+            #   case, we will raise that as a more specific error
+            if lookuperror:
+                raise lookuperror
+            raise FontNotFound('Can\'t open Windows font registry key')
+
+    def get_char_size(self):
+        """
+        Get the character size.
+        """
+        return self.get_text_size('M')
+
+    def get_text_size(self, text):
+        """
+        Get the text size (width, height).
+        """
+        font = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+        if hasattr(font, 'getbbox'):  # Pillow >= 9.2.0
+            return font.getbbox(text)[2:4]
+        else:
+            return font.getsize(text)
+
+    def get_font(self, bold, oblique):
+        """
+        Get the font based on bold and italic flags.
+        """
+        if bold and oblique:
+            return self.fonts['BOLDITALIC']
+        elif bold:
+            return self.fonts['BOLD']
+        elif oblique:
+            return self.fonts['ITALIC']
+        else:
+            return self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+
+class ImageFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Create a PNG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `image_format`
+        An image format to output to that is recognised by PIL, these include:
+
+        * "PNG" (default)
+        * "JPEG"
+        * "BMP"
+        * "GIF"
+
+    `line_pad`
+        The extra spacing (in pixels) between each line of text.
+
+        Default: 2
+
+    `font_name`
+        The font name to be used as the base font from which others, such as
+        bold and italic fonts will be generated.  This really should be a
+        monospace font to look sane.
+
+        Default: "Courier New" on Windows, "Menlo" on Mac OS, and
+                 "DejaVu Sans Mono" on \\*nix
+
+    `font_size`
+        The font size in points to be used.
+
+        Default: 14
+
+    `image_pad`
+        The padding, in pixels to be used at each edge of the resulting image.
+
+        Default: 10
+
+    `line_numbers`
+        Whether line numbers should be shown: True/False
+
+        Default: True
+
+    `line_number_start`
+        The line number of the first line.
+
+        Default: 1
+
+    `line_number_step`
+        The step used when printing line numbers.
+
+        Default: 1
+
+    `line_number_bg`
+        The background colour (in "#123456" format) of the line number bar, or
+        None to use the style background color.
+
+        Default: "#eed"
+
+    `line_number_fg`
+        The text color of the line numbers (in "#123456"-like format).
+
+        Default: "#886"
+
+    `line_number_chars`
+        The number of columns of line numbers allowable in the line number
+        margin.
+
+        Default: 2
+
+    `line_number_bold`
+        Whether line numbers will be bold: True/False
+
+        Default: False
+
+    `line_number_italic`
+        Whether line numbers will be italicized: True/False
+
+        Default: False
+
+    `line_number_separator`
+        Whether a line will be drawn between the line number area and the
+        source code area: True/False
+
+        Default: True
+
+    `line_number_pad`
+        The horizontal padding (in pixels) between the line number margin, and
+        the source code area.
+
+        Default: 6
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+        Default: empty list
+
+    `hl_color`
+        Specify the color for highlighting lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+        Default: highlight color of the selected style
+    """
+
+    # Required by the pygments mapper
+    name = 'img'
+    aliases = ['img', 'IMG', 'png']
+    filenames = ['*.png']
+
+    unicodeoutput = False
+
+    default_image_format = 'png'
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        See the class docstring for explanation of options.
+        """
+        if not pil_available:
+            raise PilNotAvailable(
+                'Python Imaging Library is required for this formatter')
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.encoding = 'latin1'  # let pygments.format() do the right thing
+        # Read the style
+        self.styles = dict(self.style)
+        if self.style.background_color is None:
+            self.background_color = '#fff'
+        else:
+            self.background_color = self.style.background_color
+        # Image options
+        self.image_format = get_choice_opt(
+            options, 'image_format', ['png', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'bmp'],
+            self.default_image_format, normcase=True)
+        self.image_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'image_pad', 10)
+        self.line_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'line_pad', 2)
+        # The fonts
+        fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'font_size', 14)
+        self.fonts = FontManager(options.get('font_name', ''), fontsize)
+        self.fontw, self.fonth = self.fonts.get_char_size()
+        # Line number options
+        self.line_number_fg = options.get('line_number_fg', '#886')
+        self.line_number_bg = options.get('line_number_bg', '#eed')
+        self.line_number_chars = get_int_opt(options,
+                                             'line_number_chars', 2)
+        self.line_number_bold = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                             'line_number_bold', False)
+        self.line_number_italic = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                               'line_number_italic', False)
+        self.line_number_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_pad', 6)
+        self.line_numbers = get_bool_opt(options, 'line_numbers', True)
+        self.line_number_separator = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                                  'line_number_separator', True)
+        self.line_number_step = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_step', 1)
+        self.line_number_start = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_start', 1)
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            self.line_number_width = (self.fontw * self.line_number_chars +
+                                      self.line_number_pad * 2)
+        else:
+            self.line_number_width = 0
+        self.hl_lines = []
+        hl_lines_str = get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', [])
+        for line in hl_lines_str:
+            try:
+                self.hl_lines.append(int(line))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        self.hl_color = options.get('hl_color',
+                                    self.style.highlight_color) or '#f90'
+        self.drawables = []
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        raise NotImplementedError('The -S option is meaningless for the image '
+                                  'formatter. Use -O style=<stylename> instead.')
+
+    def _get_line_height(self):
+        """
+        Get the height of a line.
+        """
+        return self.fonth + self.line_pad
+
+    def _get_line_y(self, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the Y coordinate of a line number.
+        """
+        return lineno * self._get_line_height() + self.image_pad
+
+    def _get_char_width(self):
+        """
+        Get the width of a character.
+        """
+        return self.fontw
+
+    def _get_char_x(self, linelength):
+        """
+        Get the X coordinate of a character position.
+        """
+        return linelength + self.image_pad + self.line_number_width
+
+    def _get_text_pos(self, linelength, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the actual position for a character and line position.
+        """
+        return self._get_char_x(linelength), self._get_line_y(lineno)
+
+    def _get_linenumber_pos(self, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the actual position for the start of a line number.
+        """
+        return (self.image_pad, self._get_line_y(lineno))
+
+    def _get_text_color(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct color for the token from the style.
+        """
+        if style['color'] is not None:
+            fill = '#' + style['color']
+        else:
+            fill = '#000'
+        return fill
+
+    def _get_text_bg_color(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct background color for the token from the style.
+        """
+        if style['bgcolor'] is not None:
+            bg_color = '#' + style['bgcolor']
+        else:
+            bg_color = None
+        return bg_color
+
+    def _get_style_font(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct font for the style.
+        """
+        return self.fonts.get_font(style['bold'], style['italic'])
+
+    def _get_image_size(self, maxlinelength, maxlineno):
+        """
+        Get the required image size.
+        """
+        return (self._get_char_x(maxlinelength) + self.image_pad,
+                self._get_line_y(maxlineno + 0) + self.image_pad)
+
+    def _draw_linenumber(self, posno, lineno):
+        """
+        Remember a line number drawable to paint later.
+        """
+        self._draw_text(
+            self._get_linenumber_pos(posno),
+            str(lineno).rjust(self.line_number_chars),
+            font=self.fonts.get_font(self.line_number_bold,
+                                     self.line_number_italic),
+            text_fg=self.line_number_fg,
+            text_bg=None,
+        )
+
+    def _draw_text(self, pos, text, font, text_fg, text_bg):
+        """
+        Remember a single drawable tuple to paint later.
+        """
+        self.drawables.append((pos, text, font, text_fg, text_bg))
+
+    def _create_drawables(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Create drawables for the token content.
+        """
+        lineno = charno = maxcharno = 0
+        maxlinelength = linelength = 0
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            style = self.styles[ttype]
+            # TODO: make sure tab expansion happens earlier in the chain.  It
+            # really ought to be done on the input, as to do it right here is
+            # quite complex.
+            value = value.expandtabs(4)
+            lines = value.splitlines(True)
+            # print lines
+            for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+                temp = line.rstrip('\n')
+                if temp:
+                    self._draw_text(
+                        self._get_text_pos(linelength, lineno),
+                        temp,
+                        font = self._get_style_font(style),
+                        text_fg = self._get_text_color(style),
+                        text_bg = self._get_text_bg_color(style),
+                    )
+                    temp_width, _ = self.fonts.get_text_size(temp)
+                    linelength += temp_width
+                    maxlinelength = max(maxlinelength, linelength)
+                    charno += len(temp)
+                    maxcharno = max(maxcharno, charno)
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    # add a line for each extra line in the value
+                    linelength = 0
+                    charno = 0
+                    lineno += 1
+        self.maxlinelength = maxlinelength
+        self.maxcharno = maxcharno
+        self.maxlineno = lineno
+
+    def _draw_line_numbers(self):
+        """
+        Create drawables for the line numbers.
+        """
+        if not self.line_numbers:
+            return
+        for p in range(self.maxlineno):
+            n = p + self.line_number_start
+            if (n % self.line_number_step) == 0:
+                self._draw_linenumber(p, n)
+
+    def _paint_line_number_bg(self, im):
+        """
+        Paint the line number background on the image.
+        """
+        if not self.line_numbers:
+            return
+        if self.line_number_fg is None:
+            return
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        recth = im.size[-1]
+        rectw = self.image_pad + self.line_number_width - self.line_number_pad
+        draw.rectangle([(0, 0), (rectw, recth)],
+                       fill=self.line_number_bg)
+        if self.line_number_separator:
+            draw.line([(rectw, 0), (rectw, recth)], fill=self.line_number_fg)
+        del draw
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        Format ``tokensource``, an iterable of ``(tokentype, tokenstring)``
+        tuples and write it into ``outfile``.
+
+        This implementation calculates where it should draw each token on the
+        pixmap, then calculates the required pixmap size and draws the items.
+        """
+        self._create_drawables(tokensource)
+        self._draw_line_numbers()
+        im = Image.new(
+            'RGB',
+            self._get_image_size(self.maxlinelength, self.maxlineno),
+            self.background_color
+        )
+        self._paint_line_number_bg(im)
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        # Highlight
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            x = self.image_pad + self.line_number_width - self.line_number_pad + 1
+            recth = self._get_line_height()
+            rectw = im.size[0] - x
+            for linenumber in self.hl_lines:
+                y = self._get_line_y(linenumber - 1)
+                draw.rectangle([(x, y), (x + rectw, y + recth)],
+                               fill=self.hl_color)
+        for pos, value, font, text_fg, text_bg in self.drawables:
+            if text_bg:
+                text_size = draw.textsize(text=value, font=font)
+                draw.rectangle([pos[0], pos[1], pos[0] + text_size[0], pos[1] + text_size[1]], fill=text_bg)
+            draw.text(pos, value, font=font, fill=text_fg)
+        im.save(outfile, self.image_format.upper())
+
+
+# Add one formatter per format, so that the "-f gif" option gives the correct result
+# when used in pygmentize.
+
+class GifImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a GIF image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_gif'
+    aliases = ['gif']
+    filenames = ['*.gif']
+    default_image_format = 'gif'
+
+
+class JpgImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a JPEG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_jpg'
+    aliases = ['jpg', 'jpeg']
+    filenames = ['*.jpg']
+    default_image_format = 'jpeg'
+
+
+class BmpImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a bitmap image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_bmp'
+    aliases = ['bmp', 'bitmap']
+    filenames = ['*.bmp']
+    default_image_format = 'bmp'
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2144d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.irc
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for IRC output
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+    Number, Operator, Generic, Token, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['IRCFormatter']
+
+
+#: Map token types to a tuple of color values for light and dark
+#: backgrounds.
+IRC_COLORS = {
+    Token:              ('',            ''),
+
+    Whitespace:         ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment:            ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment.Preproc:    ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Keyword:            ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+    Keyword.Type:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Operator.Word:      ('magenta',      'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Builtin:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Function:      ('green',   'brightgreen'),
+    Name.Namespace:     ('_cyan_',      '_brightcyan_'),
+    Name.Class:         ('_green_', '_brightgreen_'),
+    Name.Exception:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Decorator:     ('brightblack',    'gray'),
+    Name.Variable:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Constant:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Attribute:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Tag:           ('brightblue',        'brightblue'),
+    String:             ('yellow',       'yellow'),
+    Number:             ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+
+    Generic.Deleted:    ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+    Generic.Inserted:   ('green',  'brightgreen'),
+    Generic.Heading:    ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Subheading: ('*magenta*',   '*brightmagenta*'),
+    Generic.Error:      ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+
+    Error:              ('_brightred_',      '_brightred_'),
+}
+
+
+IRC_COLOR_MAP = {
+    'white': 0,
+    'black': 1,
+    'blue': 2,
+    'brightgreen': 3,
+    'brightred': 4,
+    'yellow': 5,
+    'magenta': 6,
+    'orange': 7,
+    'green': 7, #compat w/ ansi
+    'brightyellow': 8,
+    'lightgreen': 9,
+    'brightcyan': 9, # compat w/ ansi
+    'cyan': 10,
+    'lightblue': 11,
+    'red': 11, # compat w/ ansi
+    'brightblue': 12,
+    'brightmagenta': 13,
+    'brightblack': 14,
+    'gray': 15,
+}
+
+def ircformat(color, text):
+    if len(color) < 1:
+        return text
+    add = sub = ''
+    if '_' in color: # italic
+        add += '\x1D'
+        sub = '\x1D' + sub
+        color = color.strip('_')
+    if '*' in color: # bold
+        add += '\x02'
+        sub = '\x02' + sub
+        color = color.strip('*')
+    # underline (\x1F) not supported
+    # backgrounds (\x03FF,BB) not supported
+    if len(color) > 0: # actual color - may have issues with ircformat("red", "blah")+"10" type stuff
+        add += '\x03' + str(IRC_COLOR_MAP[color]).zfill(2)
+        sub = '\x03' + sub
+    return add + text + sub
+    return '<'+add+'>'+text+'</'+sub+'>'
+
+
+class IRCFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with IRC color sequences
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method doesn't do anything special since there is
+    no support for common styles.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `bg`
+        Set to ``"light"`` or ``"dark"`` depending on the terminal's background
+        (default: ``"light"``).
+
+    `colorscheme`
+        A dictionary mapping token types to (lightbg, darkbg) color names or
+        ``None`` (default: ``None`` = use builtin colorscheme).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers in the output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'IRC'
+    aliases = ['irc', 'IRC']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.darkbg = get_choice_opt(options, 'bg',
+                                     ['light', 'dark'], 'light') == 'dark'
+        self.colorscheme = options.get('colorscheme', None) or IRC_COLORS
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._lineno += 1
+            outfile.write("%04d: " % self._lineno)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            color = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+            while color is None:
+                ttype = ttype[:-1]
+                color = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+            if color:
+                color = color[self.darkbg]
+                spl = value.split('\n')
+                for line in spl[:-1]:
+                    if line:
+                        outfile.write(ircformat(color, line))
+                    outfile.write('\n')
+                    self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                if spl[-1]:
+                    outfile.write(ircformat(color, spl[-1]))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca539b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.latex
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for LaTeX fancyvrb output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from io import StringIO
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import Lexer, do_insertions
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, STANDARD_TYPES
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['LatexFormatter']
+
+
+def escape_tex(text, commandprefix):
+    return text.replace('\\', '\x00'). \
+                replace('{', '\x01'). \
+                replace('}', '\x02'). \
+                replace('\x00', r'\%sZbs{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('\x01', r'\%sZob{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('\x02', r'\%sZcb{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('^', r'\%sZca{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('_', r'\%sZus{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('&', r'\%sZam{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('<', r'\%sZlt{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('>', r'\%sZgt{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('#', r'\%sZsh{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('%', r'\%sZpc{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('$', r'\%sZdl{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('-', r'\%sZhy{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace("'", r'\%sZsq{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('"', r'\%sZdq{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('~', r'\%sZti{}' % commandprefix)
+
+
+DOC_TEMPLATE = r'''
+\documentclass{%(docclass)s}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage[%(encoding)s]{inputenc}
+%(preamble)s
+
+%(styledefs)s
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\section*{%(title)s}
+
+%(code)s
+\end{document}
+'''
+
+## Small explanation of the mess below :)
+#
+# The previous version of the LaTeX formatter just assigned a command to
+# each token type defined in the current style.  That obviously is
+# problematic if the highlighted code is produced for a different style
+# than the style commands themselves.
+#
+# This version works much like the HTML formatter which assigns multiple
+# CSS classes to each <span> tag, from the most specific to the least
+# specific token type, thus falling back to the parent token type if one
+# is not defined.  Here, the classes are there too and use the same short
+# forms given in token.STANDARD_TYPES.
+#
+# Highlighted code now only uses one custom command, which by default is
+# \PY and selectable by the commandprefix option (and in addition the
+# escapes \PYZat, \PYZlb and \PYZrb which haven't been renamed for
+# backwards compatibility purposes).
+#
+# \PY has two arguments: the classes, separated by +, and the text to
+# render in that style.  The classes are resolved into the respective
+# style commands by magic, which serves to ignore unknown classes.
+#
+# The magic macros are:
+# * \PY@it, \PY@bf, etc. are unconditionally wrapped around the text
+#   to render in \PY@do.  Their definition determines the style.
+# * \PY@reset resets \PY@it etc. to do nothing.
+# * \PY@toks parses the list of classes, using magic inspired by the
+#   keyval package (but modified to use plusses instead of commas
+#   because fancyvrb redefines commas inside its environments).
+# * \PY@tok processes one class, calling the \PY@tok@classname command
+#   if it exists.
+# * \PY@tok@classname sets the \PY@it etc. to reflect the chosen style
+#   for its class.
+# * \PY resets the style, parses the classnames and then calls \PY@do.
+#
+# Tip: to read this code, print it out in substituted form using e.g.
+# >>> print STYLE_TEMPLATE % {'cp': 'PY'}
+
+STYLE_TEMPLATE = r'''
+\makeatletter
+\def\%(cp)s@reset{\let\%(cp)s@it=\relax \let\%(cp)s@bf=\relax%%
+    \let\%(cp)s@ul=\relax \let\%(cp)s@tc=\relax%%
+    \let\%(cp)s@bc=\relax \let\%(cp)s@ff=\relax}
+\def\%(cp)s@tok#1{\csname %(cp)s@tok@#1\endcsname}
+\def\%(cp)s@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%%
+    \%(cp)s@tok{#1}\expandafter\%(cp)s@toks\fi}
+\def\%(cp)s@do#1{\%(cp)s@bc{\%(cp)s@tc{\%(cp)s@ul{%%
+    \%(cp)s@it{\%(cp)s@bf{\%(cp)s@ff{#1}}}}}}}
+\def\%(cp)s#1#2{\%(cp)s@reset\%(cp)s@toks#1+\relax+\%(cp)s@do{#2}}
+
+%(styles)s
+
+\def\%(cp)sZbs{\char`\\}
+\def\%(cp)sZus{\char`\_}
+\def\%(cp)sZob{\char`\{}
+\def\%(cp)sZcb{\char`\}}
+\def\%(cp)sZca{\char`\^}
+\def\%(cp)sZam{\char`\&}
+\def\%(cp)sZlt{\char`\<}
+\def\%(cp)sZgt{\char`\>}
+\def\%(cp)sZsh{\char`\#}
+\def\%(cp)sZpc{\char`\%%}
+\def\%(cp)sZdl{\char`\$}
+\def\%(cp)sZhy{\char`\-}
+\def\%(cp)sZsq{\char`\'}
+\def\%(cp)sZdq{\char`\"}
+\def\%(cp)sZti{\char`\~}
+%% for compatibility with earlier versions
+\def\%(cp)sZat{@}
+\def\%(cp)sZlb{[}
+\def\%(cp)sZrb{]}
+\makeatother
+'''
+
+
+def _get_ttype_name(ttype):
+    fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    if fname:
+        return fname
+    aname = ''
+    while fname is None:
+        aname = ttype[-1] + aname
+        ttype = ttype.parent
+        fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    return fname + aname
+
+
+class LatexFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as LaTeX code. This needs the `fancyvrb` and `color`
+    standard packages.
+
+    Without the `full` option, code is formatted as one ``Verbatim``
+    environment, like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: latex
+
+        \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+        \PY{k}{def }\PY{n+nf}{foo}(\PY{n}{bar}):
+            \PY{k}{pass}
+        \end{Verbatim}
+
+    Wrapping can be disabled using the `nowrap` option.
+
+    The special command used here (``\PY``) and all the other macros it needs
+    are output by the `get_style_defs` method.
+
+    With the `full` option, a complete LaTeX document is output, including
+    the command definitions in the preamble.
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method of a `LatexFormatter` returns a string
+    containing ``\def`` commands defining the macros needed inside the
+    ``Verbatim`` environments.
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        If set to ``True``, don't wrap the tokens at all, not even inside a
+        ``\begin{Verbatim}`` environment. This disables most other options
+        (default: ``False``).
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `full`
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e. a complete
+        self-contained document (default: ``False``).
+
+    `title`
+        If `full` is true, the title that should be used to caption the
+        document (default: ``''``).
+
+    `docclass`
+        If the `full` option is enabled, this is the document class to use
+        (default: ``'article'``).
+
+    `preamble`
+        If the `full` option is enabled, this can be further preamble commands,
+        e.g. ``\usepackage`` (default: ``''``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to ``True``, output line numbers (default: ``False``).
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `verboptions`
+        Additional options given to the Verbatim environment (see the *fancyvrb*
+        docs for possible values) (default: ``''``).
+
+    `commandprefix`
+        The LaTeX commands used to produce colored output are constructed
+        using this prefix and some letters (default: ``'PY'``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10
+           The default is now ``'PY'`` instead of ``'C'``.
+
+    `texcomments`
+        If set to ``True``, enables LaTeX comment lines.  That is, LaTex markup
+        in comment tokens is not escaped so that LaTeX can render it (default:
+        ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+    `mathescape`
+        If set to ``True``, enables LaTeX math mode escape in comments. That
+        is, ``'$...$'`` inside a comment will trigger math mode (default:
+        ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+    `escapeinside`
+        If set to a string of length 2, enables escaping to LaTeX. Text
+        delimited by these 2 characters is read as LaTeX code and
+        typeset accordingly. It has no effect in string literals. It has
+        no effect in comments if `texcomments` or `mathescape` is
+        set. (default: ``''``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    `envname`
+        Allows you to pick an alternative environment name replacing Verbatim.
+        The alternate environment still has to support Verbatim's option syntax.
+        (default: ``'Verbatim'``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'LaTeX'
+    aliases = ['latex', 'tex']
+    filenames = ['*.tex']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.docclass = options.get('docclass', 'article')
+        self.preamble = options.get('preamble', '')
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.verboptions = options.get('verboptions', '')
+        self.nobackground = get_bool_opt(options, 'nobackground', False)
+        self.commandprefix = options.get('commandprefix', 'PY')
+        self.texcomments = get_bool_opt(options, 'texcomments', False)
+        self.mathescape = get_bool_opt(options, 'mathescape', False)
+        self.escapeinside = options.get('escapeinside', '')
+        if len(self.escapeinside) == 2:
+            self.left = self.escapeinside[0]
+            self.right = self.escapeinside[1]
+        else:
+            self.escapeinside = ''
+        self.envname = options.get('envname', 'Verbatim')
+
+        self._create_stylesheet()
+
+    def _create_stylesheet(self):
+        t2n = self.ttype2name = {Token: ''}
+        c2d = self.cmd2def = {}
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+
+        def rgbcolor(col):
+            if col:
+                return ','.join(['%.2f' % (int(col[i] + col[i + 1], 16) / 255.0)
+                                 for i in (0, 2, 4)])
+            else:
+                return '1,1,1'
+
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            name = _get_ttype_name(ttype)
+            cmndef = ''
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@bf=\textbf'
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@it=\textit'
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ul=\underline'
+            if ndef['roman']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textrm'
+            if ndef['sans']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textsf'
+            if ndef['mono']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textsf'
+            if ndef['color']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{%s}{##1}}' %
+                           rgbcolor(ndef['color']))
+            if ndef['border']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@bc##1{{\setlength{\fboxsep}{\string -\fboxrule}'
+                           r'\fcolorbox[rgb]{%s}{%s}{\strut ##1}}}' %
+                           (rgbcolor(ndef['border']),
+                            rgbcolor(ndef['bgcolor'])))
+            elif ndef['bgcolor']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@bc##1{{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}'
+                           r'\colorbox[rgb]{%s}{\strut ##1}}}' %
+                           rgbcolor(ndef['bgcolor']))
+            if cmndef == '':
+                continue
+            cmndef = cmndef.replace('$$', cp)
+            t2n[ttype] = name
+            c2d[name] = cmndef
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        """
+        Return the command sequences needed to define the commands
+        used to format text in the verbatim environment. ``arg`` is ignored.
+        """
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+        styles = []
+        for name, definition in self.cmd2def.items():
+            styles.append(r'\@namedef{%s@tok@%s}{%s}' % (cp, name, definition))
+        return STYLE_TEMPLATE % {'cp': self.commandprefix,
+                                 'styles': '\n'.join(styles)}
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        # TODO: add support for background colors
+        t2n = self.ttype2name
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+
+        if self.full:
+            realoutfile = outfile
+            outfile = StringIO()
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('\\begin{' + self.envname + '}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}')
+            if self.linenos:
+                start, step = self.linenostart, self.linenostep
+                outfile.write(',numbers=left' +
+                              (start and ',firstnumber=%d' % start or '') +
+                              (step and ',stepnumber=%d' % step or ''))
+            if self.mathescape or self.texcomments or self.escapeinside:
+                outfile.write(',codes={\\catcode`\\$=3\\catcode`\\^=7'
+                              '\\catcode`\\_=8\\relax}')
+            if self.verboptions:
+                outfile.write(',' + self.verboptions)
+            outfile.write(']\n')
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if ttype in Token.Comment:
+                if self.texcomments:
+                    # Try to guess comment starting lexeme and escape it ...
+                    start = value[0:1]
+                    for i in range(1, len(value)):
+                        if start[0] != value[i]:
+                            break
+                        start += value[i]
+
+                    value = value[len(start):]
+                    start = escape_tex(start, cp)
+
+                    # ... but do not escape inside comment.
+                    value = start + value
+                elif self.mathescape:
+                    # Only escape parts not inside a math environment.
+                    parts = value.split('$')
+                    in_math = False
+                    for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+                        if not in_math:
+                            parts[i] = escape_tex(part, cp)
+                        in_math = not in_math
+                    value = '$'.join(parts)
+                elif self.escapeinside:
+                    text = value
+                    value = ''
+                    while text:
+                        a, sep1, text = text.partition(self.left)
+                        if sep1:
+                            b, sep2, text = text.partition(self.right)
+                            if sep2:
+                                value += escape_tex(a, cp) + b
+                            else:
+                                value += escape_tex(a + sep1 + b, cp)
+                        else:
+                            value += escape_tex(a, cp)
+                else:
+                    value = escape_tex(value, cp)
+            elif ttype not in Token.Escape:
+                value = escape_tex(value, cp)
+            styles = []
+            while ttype is not Token:
+                try:
+                    styles.append(t2n[ttype])
+                except KeyError:
+                    # not in current style
+                    styles.append(_get_ttype_name(ttype))
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            styleval = '+'.join(reversed(styles))
+            if styleval:
+                spl = value.split('\n')
+                for line in spl[:-1]:
+                    if line:
+                        outfile.write("\\%s{%s}{%s}" % (cp, styleval, line))
+                    outfile.write('\n')
+                if spl[-1]:
+                    outfile.write("\\%s{%s}{%s}" % (cp, styleval, spl[-1]))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('\\end{' + self.envname + '}\n')
+
+        if self.full:
+            encoding = self.encoding or 'utf8'
+            # map known existings encodings from LaTeX distribution
+            encoding = {
+                'utf_8': 'utf8',
+                'latin_1': 'latin1',
+                'iso_8859_1': 'latin1',
+            }.get(encoding.replace('-', '_'), encoding)
+            realoutfile.write(DOC_TEMPLATE %
+                dict(docclass  = self.docclass,
+                     preamble  = self.preamble,
+                     title     = self.title,
+                     encoding  = encoding,
+                     styledefs = self.get_style_defs(),
+                     code      = outfile.getvalue()))
+
+
+class LatexEmbeddedLexer(Lexer):
+    """
+    This lexer takes one lexer as argument, the lexer for the language
+    being formatted, and the left and right delimiters for escaped text.
+
+    First everything is scanned using the language lexer to obtain
+    strings and comments. All other consecutive tokens are merged and
+    the resulting text is scanned for escaped segments, which are given
+    the Token.Escape type. Finally text that is not escaped is scanned
+    again with the language lexer.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, left, right, lang, **options):
+        self.left = left
+        self.right = right
+        self.lang = lang
+        Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        # find and remove all the escape tokens (replace with an empty string)
+        # this is very similar to DelegatingLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed.
+        buffered = ''
+        insertions = []
+        insertion_buf = []
+        for i, t, v in self._find_safe_escape_tokens(text):
+            if t is None:
+                if insertion_buf:
+                    insertions.append((len(buffered), insertion_buf))
+                    insertion_buf = []
+                buffered += v
+            else:
+                insertion_buf.append((i, t, v))
+        if insertion_buf:
+            insertions.append((len(buffered), insertion_buf))
+        return do_insertions(insertions,
+                             self.lang.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered))
+
+    def _find_safe_escape_tokens(self, text):
+        """ find escape tokens that are not in strings or comments """
+        for i, t, v in self._filter_to(
+            self.lang.get_tokens_unprocessed(text),
+            lambda t: t in Token.Comment or t in Token.String
+        ):
+            if t is None:
+                for i2, t2, v2 in self._find_escape_tokens(v):
+                    yield i + i2, t2, v2
+            else:
+                yield i, None, v
+
+    def _filter_to(self, it, pred):
+        """ Keep only the tokens that match `pred`, merge the others together """
+        buf = ''
+        idx = 0
+        for i, t, v in it:
+            if pred(t):
+                if buf:
+                    yield idx, None, buf
+                    buf = ''
+                yield i, t, v
+            else:
+                if not buf:
+                    idx = i
+                buf += v
+        if buf:
+            yield idx, None, buf
+
+    def _find_escape_tokens(self, text):
+        """ Find escape tokens within text, give token=None otherwise """
+        index = 0
+        while text:
+            a, sep1, text = text.partition(self.left)
+            if a:
+                yield index, None, a
+                index += len(a)
+            if sep1:
+                b, sep2, text = text.partition(self.right)
+                if sep2:
+                    yield index + len(sep1), Token.Escape, b
+                    index += len(sep1) + len(b) + len(sep2)
+                else:
+                    yield index, Token.Error, sep1
+                    index += len(sep1)
+                    text = b
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..990ead4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.other
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Other formatters: NullFormatter, RawTokenFormatter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import colorize
+
+__all__ = ['NullFormatter', 'RawTokenFormatter', 'TestcaseFormatter']
+
+
+class NullFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Output the text unchanged without any formatting.
+    """
+    name = 'Text only'
+    aliases = ['text', 'null']
+    filenames = ['*.txt']
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        enc = self.encoding
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if enc:
+                outfile.write(value.encode(enc))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+
+class RawTokenFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as a raw representation for storing token streams.
+
+    The format is ``tokentype<TAB>repr(tokenstring)\n``. The output can later
+    be converted to a token stream with the `RawTokenLexer`, described in the
+    :doc:`lexer list <lexers>`.
+
+    Only two options are accepted:
+
+    `compress`
+        If set to ``'gz'`` or ``'bz2'``, compress the output with the given
+        compression algorithm after encoding (default: ``''``).
+    `error_color`
+        If set to a color name, highlight error tokens using that color.  If
+        set but with no value, defaults to ``'red'``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    """
+    name = 'Raw tokens'
+    aliases = ['raw', 'tokens']
+    filenames = ['*.raw']
+
+    unicodeoutput = False
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        # We ignore self.encoding if it is set, since it gets set for lexer
+        # and formatter if given with -Oencoding on the command line.
+        # The RawTokenFormatter outputs only ASCII. Override here.
+        self.encoding = 'ascii'  # let pygments.format() do the right thing
+        self.compress = get_choice_opt(options, 'compress',
+                                       ['', 'none', 'gz', 'bz2'], '')
+        self.error_color = options.get('error_color', None)
+        if self.error_color is True:
+            self.error_color = 'red'
+        if self.error_color is not None:
+            try:
+                colorize(self.error_color, '')
+            except KeyError:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid color %r specified" %
+                                 self.error_color)
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        try:
+            outfile.write(b'')
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError('The raw tokens formatter needs a binary '
+                            'output file')
+        if self.compress == 'gz':
+            import gzip
+            outfile = gzip.GzipFile('', 'wb', 9, outfile)
+
+            write = outfile.write
+            flush = outfile.close
+        elif self.compress == 'bz2':
+            import bz2
+            compressor = bz2.BZ2Compressor(9)
+
+            def write(text):
+                outfile.write(compressor.compress(text))
+
+            def flush():
+                outfile.write(compressor.flush())
+                outfile.flush()
+        else:
+            write = outfile.write
+            flush = outfile.flush
+
+        if self.error_color:
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                line = b"%r\t%r\n" % (ttype, value)
+                if ttype is Token.Error:
+                    write(colorize(self.error_color, line))
+                else:
+                    write(line)
+        else:
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                write(b"%r\t%r\n" % (ttype, value))
+        flush()
+
+
+TESTCASE_BEFORE = '''\
+    def testNeedsName(lexer):
+        fragment = %r
+        tokens = [
+'''
+TESTCASE_AFTER = '''\
+        ]
+        assert list(lexer.get_tokens(fragment)) == tokens
+'''
+
+
+class TestcaseFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as appropriate for a new testcase.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'Testcase'
+    aliases = ['testcase']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        if self.encoding is not None and self.encoding != 'utf-8':
+            raise ValueError("Only None and utf-8 are allowed encodings.")
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        indentation = ' ' * 12
+        rawbuf = []
+        outbuf = []
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            rawbuf.append(value)
+            outbuf.append('%s(%s, %r),\n' % (indentation, ttype, value))
+
+        before = TESTCASE_BEFORE % (''.join(rawbuf),)
+        during = ''.join(outbuf)
+        after = TESTCASE_AFTER
+        if self.encoding is None:
+            outfile.write(before + during + after)
+        else:
+            outfile.write(before.encode('utf-8'))
+            outfile.write(during.encode('utf-8'))
+            outfile.write(after.encode('utf-8'))
+        outfile.flush()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bb325d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.pangomarkup
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for Pango markup output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+
+
+__all__ = ['PangoMarkupFormatter']
+
+
+_escape_table = {
+    ord('&'): '&amp;',
+    ord('<'): '&lt;',
+}
+
+
+def escape_special_chars(text, table=_escape_table):
+    """Escape & and < for Pango Markup."""
+    return text.translate(table)
+
+
+class PangoMarkupFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as Pango Markup code. It can then be rendered to an SVG.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9
+    """
+
+    name = 'Pango Markup'
+    aliases = ['pango', 'pangomarkup']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.styles = {}
+
+        for token, style in self.style:
+            start = ''
+            end = ''
+            if style['color']:
+                start += '<span fgcolor="#%s">' % style['color']
+                end = '</span>' + end
+            if style['bold']:
+                start += '<b>'
+                end = '</b>' + end
+            if style['italic']:
+                start += '<i>'
+                end = '</i>' + end
+            if style['underline']:
+                start += '<u>'
+                end = '</u>' + end
+            self.styles[token] = (start, end)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        lastval = ''
+        lasttype = None
+
+        outfile.write('<tt>')
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            if ttype == lasttype:
+                lastval += escape_special_chars(value)
+            else:
+                if lastval:
+                    stylebegin, styleend = self.styles[lasttype]
+                    outfile.write(stylebegin + lastval + styleend)
+                lastval = escape_special_chars(value)
+                lasttype = ttype
+
+        if lastval:
+            stylebegin, styleend = self.styles[lasttype]
+            outfile.write(stylebegin + lastval + styleend)
+
+        outfile.write('</tt>')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..125189c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.rtf
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A formatter that generates RTF files.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_int_opt, surrogatepair
+
+
+__all__ = ['RtfFormatter']
+
+
+class RtfFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as RTF markup. This formatter automatically outputs full RTF
+    documents with color information and other useful stuff. Perfect for Copy and
+    Paste into Microsoft(R) Word(R) documents.
+
+    Please note that ``encoding`` and ``outencoding`` options are ignored.
+    The RTF format is ASCII natively, but handles unicode characters correctly
+    thanks to escape sequences.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `fontface`
+        The used font family, for example ``Bitstream Vera Sans``. Defaults to
+        some generic font which is supposed to have fixed width.
+
+    `fontsize`
+        Size of the font used. Size is specified in half points. The
+        default is 24 half-points, giving a size 12 font.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'RTF'
+    aliases = ['rtf']
+    filenames = ['*.rtf']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        r"""
+        Additional options accepted:
+
+        ``fontface``
+            Name of the font used. Could for example be ``'Courier New'``
+            to further specify the default which is ``'\fmodern'``. The RTF
+            specification claims that ``\fmodern`` are "Fixed-pitch serif
+            and sans serif fonts". Hope every RTF implementation thinks
+            the same about modern...
+
+        """
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.fontface = options.get('fontface') or ''
+        self.fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'fontsize', 0)
+
+    def _escape(self, text):
+        return text.replace('\\', '\\\\') \
+                   .replace('{', '\\{') \
+                   .replace('}', '\\}')
+
+    def _escape_text(self, text):
+        # empty strings, should give a small performance improvement
+        if not text:
+            return ''
+
+        # escape text
+        text = self._escape(text)
+
+        buf = []
+        for c in text:
+            cn = ord(c)
+            if cn < (2**7):
+                # ASCII character
+                buf.append(str(c))
+            elif (2**7) <= cn < (2**16):
+                # single unicode escape sequence
+                buf.append('{\\u%d}' % cn)
+            elif (2**16) <= cn:
+                # RTF limits unicode to 16 bits.
+                # Force surrogate pairs
+                buf.append('{\\u%d}{\\u%d}' % surrogatepair(cn))
+
+        return ''.join(buf).replace('\n', '\\par\n')
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        # rtf 1.8 header
+        outfile.write('{\\rtf1\\ansi\\uc0\\deff0'
+                      '{\\fonttbl{\\f0\\fmodern\\fprq1\\fcharset0%s;}}'
+                      '{\\colortbl;' % (self.fontface and
+                                        ' ' + self._escape(self.fontface) or
+                                        ''))
+
+        # convert colors and save them in a mapping to access them later.
+        color_mapping = {}
+        offset = 1
+        for _, style in self.style:
+            for color in style['color'], style['bgcolor'], style['border']:
+                if color and color not in color_mapping:
+                    color_mapping[color] = offset
+                    outfile.write('\\red%d\\green%d\\blue%d;' % (
+                        int(color[0:2], 16),
+                        int(color[2:4], 16),
+                        int(color[4:6], 16)
+                    ))
+                    offset += 1
+        outfile.write('}\\f0 ')
+        if self.fontsize:
+            outfile.write('\\fs%d' % self.fontsize)
+
+        # highlight stream
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while not self.style.styles_token(ttype) and ttype.parent:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            style = self.style.style_for_token(ttype)
+            buf = []
+            if style['bgcolor']:
+                buf.append('\\cb%d' % color_mapping[style['bgcolor']])
+            if style['color']:
+                buf.append('\\cf%d' % color_mapping[style['color']])
+            if style['bold']:
+                buf.append('\\b')
+            if style['italic']:
+                buf.append('\\i')
+            if style['underline']:
+                buf.append('\\ul')
+            if style['border']:
+                buf.append('\\chbrdr\\chcfpat%d' %
+                           color_mapping[style['border']])
+            start = ''.join(buf)
+            if start:
+                outfile.write('{%s ' % start)
+            outfile.write(self._escape_text(value))
+            if start:
+                outfile.write('}')
+
+        outfile.write('}')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8727ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.svg
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for SVG output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+__all__ = ['SvgFormatter']
+
+
+def escape_html(text):
+    """Escape &, <, > as well as single and double quotes for HTML."""
+    return text.replace('&', '&amp;').  \
+                replace('<', '&lt;').   \
+                replace('>', '&gt;').   \
+                replace('"', '&quot;'). \
+                replace("'", '&#39;')
+
+
+class2style = {}
+
+class SvgFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as an SVG graphics file.  This formatter is still experimental.
+    Each line of code is a ``<text>`` element with explicit ``x`` and ``y``
+    coordinates containing ``<tspan>`` elements with the individual token styles.
+
+    By default, this formatter outputs a full SVG document including doctype
+    declaration and the ``<svg>`` root element.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        Don't wrap the SVG ``<text>`` elements in ``<svg><g>`` elements and
+        don't add a XML declaration and a doctype.  If true, the `fontfamily`
+        and `fontsize` options are ignored.  Defaults to ``False``.
+
+    `fontfamily`
+        The value to give the wrapping ``<g>`` element's ``font-family``
+        attribute, defaults to ``"monospace"``.
+
+    `fontsize`
+        The value to give the wrapping ``<g>`` element's ``font-size``
+        attribute, defaults to ``"14px"``.
+
+    `linenos`
+        If ``True``, add line numbers (default: ``False``).
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+        
+    `linenowidth`
+        Maximum width devoted to line numbers (default: ``3*ystep``, sufficient
+        for up to 4-digit line numbers. Increase width for longer code blocks).  
+        
+    `xoffset`
+        Starting offset in X direction, defaults to ``0``.
+
+    `yoffset`
+        Starting offset in Y direction, defaults to the font size if it is given
+        in pixels, or ``20`` else.  (This is necessary since text coordinates
+        refer to the text baseline, not the top edge.)
+
+    `ystep`
+        Offset to add to the Y coordinate for each subsequent line.  This should
+        roughly be the text size plus 5.  It defaults to that value if the text
+        size is given in pixels, or ``25`` else.
+
+    `spacehack`
+        Convert spaces in the source to ``&#160;``, which are non-breaking
+        spaces.  SVG provides the ``xml:space`` attribute to control how
+        whitespace inside tags is handled, in theory, the ``preserve`` value
+        could be used to keep all whitespace as-is.  However, many current SVG
+        viewers don't obey that rule, so this option is provided as a workaround
+        and defaults to ``True``.
+    """
+    name = 'SVG'
+    aliases = ['svg']
+    filenames = ['*.svg']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.fontfamily = options.get('fontfamily', 'monospace')
+        self.fontsize = options.get('fontsize', '14px')
+        self.xoffset = get_int_opt(options, 'xoffset', 0)
+        fs = self.fontsize.strip()
+        if fs.endswith('px'): fs = fs[:-2].strip()
+        try:
+            int_fs = int(fs)
+        except:
+            int_fs = 20
+        self.yoffset = get_int_opt(options, 'yoffset', int_fs)
+        self.ystep = get_int_opt(options, 'ystep', int_fs + 5)
+        self.spacehack = get_bool_opt(options, 'spacehack', True)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options,'linenos',False)
+        self.linenostart = get_int_opt(options,'linenostart',1)
+        self.linenostep = get_int_opt(options,'linenostep',1)
+        self.linenowidth = get_int_opt(options,'linenowidth', 3*self.ystep)
+        self._stylecache = {}
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        Format ``tokensource``, an iterable of ``(tokentype, tokenstring)``
+        tuples and write it into ``outfile``.
+
+        For our implementation we put all lines in their own 'line group'.
+        """
+        x = self.xoffset
+        y = self.yoffset
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            if self.encoding:
+                outfile.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="%s"?>\n' %
+                              self.encoding)
+            else:
+                outfile.write('<?xml version="1.0"?>\n')
+            outfile.write('<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" '
+                          '"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/'
+                          'svg10.dtd">\n')
+            outfile.write('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n')
+            outfile.write('<g font-family="%s" font-size="%s">\n' %
+                          (self.fontfamily, self.fontsize))
+        
+        counter = self.linenostart 
+        counter_step = self.linenostep
+        counter_style = self._get_style(Comment)
+        line_x = x
+        
+        if self.linenos:
+            if counter % counter_step == 0:
+                outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" %s text-anchor="end">%s</text>' %
+                    (x+self.linenowidth,y,counter_style,counter))
+            line_x += self.linenowidth + self.ystep
+            counter += 1
+
+        outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" xml:space="preserve">' % (line_x, y))
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            style = self._get_style(ttype)
+            tspan = style and '<tspan' + style + '>' or ''
+            tspanend = tspan and '</tspan>' or ''
+            value = escape_html(value)
+            if self.spacehack:
+                value = value.expandtabs().replace(' ', '&#160;')
+            parts = value.split('\n')
+            for part in parts[:-1]:
+                outfile.write(tspan + part + tspanend)
+                y += self.ystep
+                outfile.write('</text>\n')
+                if self.linenos and counter % counter_step == 0:
+                    outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" text-anchor="end" %s>%s</text>' %
+                        (x+self.linenowidth,y,counter_style,counter))
+                
+                counter += 1
+                outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" ' 'xml:space="preserve">' % (line_x,y))
+            outfile.write(tspan + parts[-1] + tspanend)
+        outfile.write('</text>')
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('</g></svg>\n')
+
+    def _get_style(self, tokentype):
+        if tokentype in self._stylecache:
+            return self._stylecache[tokentype]
+        otokentype = tokentype
+        while not self.style.styles_token(tokentype):
+            tokentype = tokentype.parent
+        value = self.style.style_for_token(tokentype)
+        result = ''
+        if value['color']:
+            result = ' fill="#' + value['color'] + '"'
+        if value['bold']:
+            result += ' font-weight="bold"'
+        if value['italic']:
+            result += ' font-style="italic"'
+        self._stylecache[otokentype] = result
+        return result
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abb8770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.terminal
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for terminal output with ANSI sequences.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+    Number, Operator, Generic, Token, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import ansiformat
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['TerminalFormatter']
+
+
+#: Map token types to a tuple of color values for light and dark
+#: backgrounds.
+TERMINAL_COLORS = {
+    Token:              ('',            ''),
+
+    Whitespace:         ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment:            ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment.Preproc:    ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Keyword:            ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+    Keyword.Type:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Operator.Word:      ('magenta',      'brightmagenta'),
+    Name.Builtin:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Function:      ('green',   'brightgreen'),
+    Name.Namespace:     ('_cyan_',      '_brightcyan_'),
+    Name.Class:         ('_green_', '_brightgreen_'),
+    Name.Exception:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Decorator:     ('brightblack',    'gray'),
+    Name.Variable:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Constant:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Attribute:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Tag:           ('brightblue',        'brightblue'),
+    String:             ('yellow',       'yellow'),
+    Number:             ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+
+    Generic.Deleted:    ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+    Generic.Inserted:   ('green',  'brightgreen'),
+    Generic.Heading:    ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Subheading: ('*magenta*',   '*brightmagenta*'),
+    Generic.Prompt:     ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Error:      ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+
+    Error:              ('_brightred_',      '_brightred_'),
+}
+
+
+class TerminalFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a text console.
+    Color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output
+    works correctly.
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method doesn't do anything special since there is
+    no support for common styles.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `bg`
+        Set to ``"light"`` or ``"dark"`` depending on the terminal's background
+        (default: ``"light"``).
+
+    `colorscheme`
+        A dictionary mapping token types to (lightbg, darkbg) color names or
+        ``None`` (default: ``None`` = use builtin colorscheme).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers on the terminal output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'Terminal'
+    aliases = ['terminal', 'console']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.darkbg = get_choice_opt(options, 'bg',
+                                     ['light', 'dark'], 'light') == 'dark'
+        self.colorscheme = options.get('colorscheme', None) or TERMINAL_COLORS
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        return Formatter.format(self, tokensource, outfile)
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s%04d: " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+    def _get_color(self, ttype):
+        # self.colorscheme is a dict containing usually generic types, so we
+        # have to walk the tree of dots.  The base Token type must be a key,
+        # even if it's empty string, as in the default above.
+        colors = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+        while colors is None:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            colors = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+        return colors[self.darkbg]
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            color = self._get_color(ttype)
+
+            for line in value.splitlines(True):
+                if color:
+                    outfile.write(ansiformat(color, line.rstrip('\n')))
+                else:
+                    outfile.write(line.rstrip('\n'))
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    if self.linenos:
+                        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                    else:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            outfile.write("\n")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cfe5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.terminal256
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for 256-color terminal output with ANSI sequences.
+
+    RGB-to-XTERM color conversion routines adapted from xterm256-conv
+    tool (http://frexx.de/xterm-256-notes/data/xterm256-conv2.tar.bz2)
+    by Wolfgang Frisch.
+
+    Formatter version 1.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+# TODO:
+#  - Options to map style's bold/underline/italic/border attributes
+#    to some ANSI attrbutes (something like 'italic=underline')
+#  - An option to output "style RGB to xterm RGB/index" conversion table
+#  - An option to indicate that we are running in "reverse background"
+#    xterm. This means that default colors are white-on-black, not
+#    black-on-while, so colors like "white background" need to be converted
+#    to "white background, black foreground", etc...
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import codes
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import ansicolors
+
+
+__all__ = ['Terminal256Formatter', 'TerminalTrueColorFormatter']
+
+
+class EscapeSequence:
+    def __init__(self, fg=None, bg=None, bold=False, underline=False, italic=False):
+        self.fg = fg
+        self.bg = bg
+        self.bold = bold
+        self.underline = underline
+        self.italic = italic
+
+    def escape(self, attrs):
+        if len(attrs):
+            return "\x1b[" + ";".join(attrs) + "m"
+        return ""
+
+    def color_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg is not None:
+            if self.fg in ansicolors:
+                esc = codes[self.fg.replace('ansi','')]
+                if ';01m' in esc:
+                    self.bold = True
+                # extract fg color code.
+                attrs.append(esc[2:4])
+            else:
+                attrs.extend(("38", "5", "%i" % self.fg))
+        if self.bg is not None:
+            if self.bg in ansicolors:
+                esc = codes[self.bg.replace('ansi','')]
+                # extract fg color code, add 10 for bg.
+                attrs.append(str(int(esc[2:4])+10))
+            else:
+                attrs.extend(("48", "5", "%i" % self.bg))
+        if self.bold:
+            attrs.append("01")
+        if self.underline:
+            attrs.append("04")
+        if self.italic:
+            attrs.append("03")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+    def true_color_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg:
+            attrs.extend(("38", "2", str(self.fg[0]), str(self.fg[1]), str(self.fg[2])))
+        if self.bg:
+            attrs.extend(("48", "2", str(self.bg[0]), str(self.bg[1]), str(self.bg[2])))
+        if self.bold:
+            attrs.append("01")
+        if self.underline:
+            attrs.append("04")
+        if self.italic:
+            attrs.append("03")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+    def reset_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg is not None:
+            attrs.append("39")
+        if self.bg is not None:
+            attrs.append("49")
+        if self.bold or self.underline or self.italic:
+            attrs.append("00")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+
+class Terminal256Formatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a 256-color
+    terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences
+    are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.
+
+    The formatter takes colors from a style defined by the `style` option
+    and converts them to nearest ANSI 256-color escape sequences. Bold and
+    underline attributes from the style are preserved (and displayed).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+       If the used style defines foreground colors in the form ``#ansi*``, then
+       `Terminal256Formatter` will map these to non extended foreground color.
+       See :ref:`AnsiTerminalStyle` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+       The ANSI color names have been updated with names that are easier to
+       understand and align with colornames of other projects and terminals.
+       See :ref:`this table <new-ansi-color-names>` for more information.
+
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers on the terminal output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'Terminal256'
+    aliases = ['terminal256', 'console256', '256']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.xterm_colors = []
+        self.best_match = {}
+        self.style_string = {}
+
+        self.usebold = 'nobold' not in options
+        self.useunderline = 'nounderline' not in options
+        self.useitalic = 'noitalic' not in options
+
+        self._build_color_table()  # build an RGB-to-256 color conversion table
+        self._setup_styles()  # convert selected style's colors to term. colors
+
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def _build_color_table(self):
+        # colors 0..15: 16 basic colors
+
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0x00, 0x00))  # 0
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0x00, 0x00))  # 1
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xcd, 0x00))  # 2
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0xcd, 0x00))  # 3
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0x00, 0xee))  # 4
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0x00, 0xcd))  # 5
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xcd, 0xcd))  # 6
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xe5, 0xe5, 0xe5))  # 7
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f))  # 8
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0x00, 0x00))  # 9
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xff, 0x00))  # 10
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0xff, 0x00))  # 11
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x5c, 0x5c, 0xff))  # 12
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0x00, 0xff))  # 13
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xff, 0xff))  # 14
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0xff, 0xff))  # 15
+
+        # colors 16..232: the 6x6x6 color cube
+
+        valuerange = (0x00, 0x5f, 0x87, 0xaf, 0xd7, 0xff)
+
+        for i in range(217):
+            r = valuerange[(i // 36) % 6]
+            g = valuerange[(i // 6) % 6]
+            b = valuerange[i % 6]
+            self.xterm_colors.append((r, g, b))
+
+        # colors 233..253: grayscale
+
+        for i in range(1, 22):
+            v = 8 + i * 10
+            self.xterm_colors.append((v, v, v))
+
+    def _closest_color(self, r, g, b):
+        distance = 257*257*3  # "infinity" (>distance from #000000 to #ffffff)
+        match = 0
+
+        for i in range(0, 254):
+            values = self.xterm_colors[i]
+
+            rd = r - values[0]
+            gd = g - values[1]
+            bd = b - values[2]
+            d = rd*rd + gd*gd + bd*bd
+
+            if d < distance:
+                match = i
+                distance = d
+        return match
+
+    def _color_index(self, color):
+        index = self.best_match.get(color, None)
+        if color in ansicolors:
+            # strip the `ansi/#ansi` part and look up code
+            index = color
+            self.best_match[color] = index
+        if index is None:
+            try:
+                rgb = int(str(color), 16)
+            except ValueError:
+                rgb = 0
+
+            r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff
+            g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff
+            b = rgb & 0xff
+            index = self._closest_color(r, g, b)
+            self.best_match[color] = index
+        return index
+
+    def _setup_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            escape = EscapeSequence()
+            # get foreground from ansicolor if set
+            if ndef['ansicolor']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_index(ndef['ansicolor'])
+            elif ndef['color']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_index(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bgansicolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_index(ndef['bgansicolor'])
+            elif ndef['bgcolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_index(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if self.usebold and ndef['bold']:
+                escape.bold = True
+            if self.useunderline and ndef['underline']:
+                escape.underline = True
+            if self.useitalic and ndef['italic']:
+                escape.italic = True
+            self.style_string[str(ttype)] = (escape.color_string(),
+                                             escape.reset_string())
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s%04d: " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        return Formatter.format(self, tokensource, outfile)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            not_found = True
+            while ttype and not_found:
+                try:
+                    # outfile.write( "<" + str(ttype) + ">" )
+                    on, off = self.style_string[str(ttype)]
+
+                    # Like TerminalFormatter, add "reset colors" escape sequence
+                    # on newline.
+                    spl = value.split('\n')
+                    for line in spl[:-1]:
+                        if line:
+                            outfile.write(on + line + off)
+                        if self.linenos:
+                            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                        else:
+                            outfile.write('\n')
+
+                    if spl[-1]:
+                        outfile.write(on + spl[-1] + off)
+
+                    not_found = False
+                    # outfile.write( '#' + str(ttype) + '#' )
+
+                except KeyError:
+                    # ottype = ttype
+                    ttype = ttype.parent
+                    # outfile.write( '!' + str(ottype) + '->' + str(ttype) + '!' )
+
+            if not_found:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            outfile.write("\n")
+
+
+
+class TerminalTrueColorFormatter(Terminal256Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a true-color
+    terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences
+    are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+    """
+    name = 'TerminalTrueColor'
+    aliases = ['terminal16m', 'console16m', '16m']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def _build_color_table(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _color_tuple(self, color):
+        try:
+            rgb = int(str(color), 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff
+        g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff
+        b = rgb & 0xff
+        return (r, g, b)
+
+    def _setup_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            escape = EscapeSequence()
+            if ndef['color']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_tuple(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_tuple(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if self.usebold and ndef['bold']:
+                escape.bold = True
+            if self.useunderline and ndef['underline']:
+                escape.underline = True
+            if self.useitalic and ndef['italic']:
+                escape.italic = True
+            self.style_string[str(ttype)] = (escape.true_color_string(),
+                                             escape.reset_string())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb2c1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexer
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Base lexer classes.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filter import apply_filters, Filter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import get_filter_by_name
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Error, Text, Other, Whitespace, _TokenType
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \
+    make_analysator, Future, guess_decode
+from pip._vendor.pygments.regexopt import regex_opt
+
+__all__ = ['Lexer', 'RegexLexer', 'ExtendedRegexLexer', 'DelegatingLexer',
+           'LexerContext', 'include', 'inherit', 'bygroups', 'using', 'this',
+           'default', 'words', 'line_re']
+
+line_re = re.compile('.*?\n')
+
+_encoding_map = [(b'\xef\xbb\xbf', 'utf-8'),
+                 (b'\xff\xfe\0\0', 'utf-32'),
+                 (b'\0\0\xfe\xff', 'utf-32be'),
+                 (b'\xff\xfe', 'utf-16'),
+                 (b'\xfe\xff', 'utf-16be')]
+
+_default_analyse = staticmethod(lambda x: 0.0)
+
+
+class LexerMeta(type):
+    """
+    This metaclass automagically converts ``analyse_text`` methods into
+    static methods which always return float values.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, d):
+        if 'analyse_text' in d:
+            d['analyse_text'] = make_analysator(d['analyse_text'])
+        return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, d)
+
+
+class Lexer(metaclass=LexerMeta):
+    """
+    Lexer for a specific language.
+
+    See also :doc:`lexerdevelopment`, a high-level guide to writing
+    lexers.
+
+    Lexer classes have attributes used for choosing the most appropriate
+    lexer based on various criteria.
+
+    .. autoattribute:: name
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: aliases
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: filenames
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: alias_filenames
+    .. autoattribute:: mimetypes
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: priority
+
+    Lexers included in Pygments should have an additional attribute:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: url
+       :no-value:
+
+    You can pass options to the constructor. The basic options recognized
+    by all lexers and processed by the base `Lexer` class are:
+
+    ``stripnl``
+        Strip leading and trailing newlines from the input (default: True).
+    ``stripall``
+        Strip all leading and trailing whitespace from the input
+        (default: False).
+    ``ensurenl``
+        Make sure that the input ends with a newline (default: True).  This
+        is required for some lexers that consume input linewise.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.3
+
+    ``tabsize``
+        If given and greater than 0, expand tabs in the input (default: 0).
+    ``encoding``
+        If given, must be an encoding name. This encoding will be used to
+        convert the input string to Unicode, if it is not already a Unicode
+        string (default: ``'guess'``, which uses a simple UTF-8 / Locale /
+        Latin1 detection.  Can also be ``'chardet'`` to use the chardet
+        library, if it is installed.
+    ``inencoding``
+        Overrides the ``encoding`` if given.
+    """
+
+    #: Full name of the lexer, in human-readable form
+    name = None
+
+    #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to look
+    #: up the lexer from a list, e.g., using `get_lexer_by_name()`.
+    aliases = []
+
+    #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which contain
+    #: content for this lexer. The patterns in this list should be unique among
+    #: all lexers.
+    filenames = []
+
+    #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which may or may not
+    #: contain content for this lexer. This list is used by the
+    #: :func:`.guess_lexer_for_filename()` function, to determine which lexers
+    #: are then included in guessing the correct one. That means that
+    #: e.g. every lexer for HTML and a template language should include
+    #: ``\*.html`` in this list.
+    alias_filenames = []
+
+    #: A list of MIME types for content that can be lexed with this lexer.
+    mimetypes = []
+
+    #: Priority, should multiple lexers match and no content is provided
+    priority = 0
+
+    #: URL of the language specification/definition. Used in the Pygments
+    #: documentation.
+    url = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        This constructor takes arbitrary options as keyword arguments.
+        Every subclass must first process its own options and then call
+        the `Lexer` constructor, since it processes the basic
+        options like `stripnl`.
+
+        An example looks like this:
+
+        .. sourcecode:: python
+
+           def __init__(self, **options):
+               self.compress = options.get('compress', '')
+               Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        As these options must all be specifiable as strings (due to the
+        command line usage), there are various utility functions
+        available to help with that, see `Utilities`_.
+        """
+        self.options = options
+        self.stripnl = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripnl', True)
+        self.stripall = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripall', False)
+        self.ensurenl = get_bool_opt(options, 'ensurenl', True)
+        self.tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 0)
+        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'guess')
+        self.encoding = options.get('inencoding') or self.encoding
+        self.filters = []
+        for filter_ in get_list_opt(options, 'filters', ()):
+            self.add_filter(filter_)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.options:
+            return '<pygments.lexers.%s with %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                                     self.options)
+        else:
+            return '<pygments.lexers.%s>' % self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def add_filter(self, filter_, **options):
+        """
+        Add a new stream filter to this lexer.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(filter_, Filter):
+            filter_ = get_filter_by_name(filter_, **options)
+        self.filters.append(filter_)
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        """
+        A static method which is called for lexer guessing.
+
+        It should analyse the text and return a float in the range
+        from ``0.0`` to ``1.0``.  If it returns ``0.0``, the lexer
+        will not be selected as the most probable one, if it returns
+        ``1.0``, it will be selected immediately.  This is used by
+        `guess_lexer`.
+
+        The `LexerMeta` metaclass automatically wraps this function so
+        that it works like a static method (no ``self`` or ``cls``
+        parameter) and the return value is automatically converted to
+        `float`. If the return value is an object that is boolean `False`
+        it's the same as if the return values was ``0.0``.
+        """
+
+    def get_tokens(self, text, unfiltered=False):
+        """
+        This method is the basic interface of a lexer. It is called by
+        the `highlight()` function. It must process the text and return an
+        iterable of ``(tokentype, value)`` pairs from `text`.
+
+        Normally, you don't need to override this method. The default
+        implementation processes the options recognized by all lexers
+        (`stripnl`, `stripall` and so on), and then yields all tokens
+        from `get_tokens_unprocessed()`, with the ``index`` dropped.
+
+        If `unfiltered` is set to `True`, the filtering mechanism is
+        bypassed even if filters are defined.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            if self.encoding == 'guess':
+                text, _ = guess_decode(text)
+            elif self.encoding == 'chardet':
+                try:
+                    from pip._vendor import chardet
+                except ImportError as e:
+                    raise ImportError('To enable chardet encoding guessing, '
+                                      'please install the chardet library '
+                                      'from http://chardet.feedparser.org/') from e
+                # check for BOM first
+                decoded = None
+                for bom, encoding in _encoding_map:
+                    if text.startswith(bom):
+                        decoded = text[len(bom):].decode(encoding, 'replace')
+                        break
+                # no BOM found, so use chardet
+                if decoded is None:
+                    enc = chardet.detect(text[:1024])  # Guess using first 1KB
+                    decoded = text.decode(enc.get('encoding') or 'utf-8',
+                                          'replace')
+                text = decoded
+            else:
+                text = text.decode(self.encoding)
+                if text.startswith('\ufeff'):
+                    text = text[len('\ufeff'):]
+        else:
+            if text.startswith('\ufeff'):
+                text = text[len('\ufeff'):]
+
+        # text now *is* a unicode string
+        text = text.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        text = text.replace('\r', '\n')
+        if self.stripall:
+            text = text.strip()
+        elif self.stripnl:
+            text = text.strip('\n')
+        if self.tabsize > 0:
+            text = text.expandtabs(self.tabsize)
+        if self.ensurenl and not text.endswith('\n'):
+            text += '\n'
+
+        def streamer():
+            for _, t, v in self.get_tokens_unprocessed(text):
+                yield t, v
+        stream = streamer()
+        if not unfiltered:
+            stream = apply_filters(stream, self.filters, self)
+        return stream
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        """
+        This method should process the text and return an iterable of
+        ``(index, tokentype, value)`` tuples where ``index`` is the starting
+        position of the token within the input text.
+
+        It must be overridden by subclasses. It is recommended to
+        implement it as a generator to maximize effectiveness.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class DelegatingLexer(Lexer):
+    """
+    This lexer takes two lexer as arguments. A root lexer and
+    a language lexer. First everything is scanned using the language
+    lexer, afterwards all ``Other`` tokens are lexed using the root
+    lexer.
+
+    The lexers from the ``template`` lexer package use this base lexer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, _root_lexer, _language_lexer, _needle=Other, **options):
+        self.root_lexer = _root_lexer(**options)
+        self.language_lexer = _language_lexer(**options)
+        self.needle = _needle
+        Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        buffered = ''
+        insertions = []
+        lng_buffer = []
+        for i, t, v in self.language_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(text):
+            if t is self.needle:
+                if lng_buffer:
+                    insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer))
+                    lng_buffer = []
+                buffered += v
+            else:
+                lng_buffer.append((i, t, v))
+        if lng_buffer:
+            insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer))
+        return do_insertions(insertions,
+                             self.root_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered))
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# RegexLexer and ExtendedRegexLexer
+#
+
+
+class include(str):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """
+    Indicates that a state should include rules from another state.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _inherit:
+    """
+    Indicates the a state should inherit from its superclass.
+    """
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'inherit'
+
+inherit = _inherit()  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+
+
+class combined(tuple):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """
+    Indicates a state combined from multiple states.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args):
+        return tuple.__new__(cls, args)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        # tuple.__init__ doesn't do anything
+        pass
+
+
+class _PseudoMatch:
+    """
+    A pseudo match object constructed from a string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, start, text):
+        self._text = text
+        self._start = start
+
+    def start(self, arg=None):
+        return self._start
+
+    def end(self, arg=None):
+        return self._start + len(self._text)
+
+    def group(self, arg=None):
+        if arg:
+            raise IndexError('No such group')
+        return self._text
+
+    def groups(self):
+        return (self._text,)
+
+    def groupdict(self):
+        return {}
+
+
+def bygroups(*args):
+    """
+    Callback that yields multiple actions for each group in the match.
+    """
+    def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+        for i, action in enumerate(args):
+            if action is None:
+                continue
+            elif type(action) is _TokenType:
+                data = match.group(i + 1)
+                if data:
+                    yield match.start(i + 1), action, data
+            else:
+                data = match.group(i + 1)
+                if data is not None:
+                    if ctx:
+                        ctx.pos = match.start(i + 1)
+                    for item in action(lexer,
+                                       _PseudoMatch(match.start(i + 1), data), ctx):
+                        if item:
+                            yield item
+        if ctx:
+            ctx.pos = match.end()
+    return callback
+
+
+class _This:
+    """
+    Special singleton used for indicating the caller class.
+    Used by ``using``.
+    """
+
+this = _This()
+
+
+def using(_other, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Callback that processes the match with a different lexer.
+
+    The keyword arguments are forwarded to the lexer, except `state` which
+    is handled separately.
+
+    `state` specifies the state that the new lexer will start in, and can
+    be an enumerable such as ('root', 'inline', 'string') or a simple
+    string which is assumed to be on top of the root state.
+
+    Note: For that to work, `_other` must not be an `ExtendedRegexLexer`.
+    """
+    gt_kwargs = {}
+    if 'state' in kwargs:
+        s = kwargs.pop('state')
+        if isinstance(s, (list, tuple)):
+            gt_kwargs['stack'] = s
+        else:
+            gt_kwargs['stack'] = ('root', s)
+
+    if _other is this:
+        def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+            # if keyword arguments are given the callback
+            # function has to create a new lexer instance
+            if kwargs:
+                # XXX: cache that somehow
+                kwargs.update(lexer.options)
+                lx = lexer.__class__(**kwargs)
+            else:
+                lx = lexer
+            s = match.start()
+            for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs):
+                yield i + s, t, v
+            if ctx:
+                ctx.pos = match.end()
+    else:
+        def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+            # XXX: cache that somehow
+            kwargs.update(lexer.options)
+            lx = _other(**kwargs)
+
+            s = match.start()
+            for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs):
+                yield i + s, t, v
+            if ctx:
+                ctx.pos = match.end()
+    return callback
+
+
+class default:
+    """
+    Indicates a state or state action (e.g. #pop) to apply.
+    For example default('#pop') is equivalent to ('', Token, '#pop')
+    Note that state tuples may be used as well.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, state):
+        self.state = state
+
+
+class words(Future):
+    """
+    Indicates a list of literal words that is transformed into an optimized
+    regex that matches any of the words.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, words, prefix='', suffix=''):
+        self.words = words
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.suffix = suffix
+
+    def get(self):
+        return regex_opt(self.words, prefix=self.prefix, suffix=self.suffix)
+
+
+class RegexLexerMeta(LexerMeta):
+    """
+    Metaclass for RegexLexer, creates the self._tokens attribute from
+    self.tokens on the first instantiation.
+    """
+
+    def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state):
+        """Preprocess the regular expression component of a token definition."""
+        if isinstance(regex, Future):
+            regex = regex.get()
+        return re.compile(regex, rflags).match
+
+    def _process_token(cls, token):
+        """Preprocess the token component of a token definition."""
+        assert type(token) is _TokenType or callable(token), \
+            'token type must be simple type or callable, not %r' % (token,)
+        return token
+
+    def _process_new_state(cls, new_state, unprocessed, processed):
+        """Preprocess the state transition action of a token definition."""
+        if isinstance(new_state, str):
+            # an existing state
+            if new_state == '#pop':
+                return -1
+            elif new_state in unprocessed:
+                return (new_state,)
+            elif new_state == '#push':
+                return new_state
+            elif new_state[:5] == '#pop:':
+                return -int(new_state[5:])
+            else:
+                assert False, 'unknown new state %r' % new_state
+        elif isinstance(new_state, combined):
+            # combine a new state from existing ones
+            tmp_state = '_tmp_%d' % cls._tmpname
+            cls._tmpname += 1
+            itokens = []
+            for istate in new_state:
+                assert istate != new_state, 'circular state ref %r' % istate
+                itokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed,
+                                                  processed, istate))
+            processed[tmp_state] = itokens
+            return (tmp_state,)
+        elif isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+            # push more than one state
+            for istate in new_state:
+                assert (istate in unprocessed or
+                        istate in ('#pop', '#push')), \
+                    'unknown new state ' + istate
+            return new_state
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown new state def %r' % new_state
+
+    def _process_state(cls, unprocessed, processed, state):
+        """Preprocess a single state definition."""
+        assert type(state) is str, "wrong state name %r" % state
+        assert state[0] != '#', "invalid state name %r" % state
+        if state in processed:
+            return processed[state]
+        tokens = processed[state] = []
+        rflags = cls.flags
+        for tdef in unprocessed[state]:
+            if isinstance(tdef, include):
+                # it's a state reference
+                assert tdef != state, "circular state reference %r" % state
+                tokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed, processed,
+                                                 str(tdef)))
+                continue
+            if isinstance(tdef, _inherit):
+                # should be processed already, but may not in the case of:
+                # 1. the state has no counterpart in any parent
+                # 2. the state includes more than one 'inherit'
+                continue
+            if isinstance(tdef, default):
+                new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef.state, unprocessed, processed)
+                tokens.append((re.compile('').match, None, new_state))
+                continue
+
+            assert type(tdef) is tuple, "wrong rule def %r" % tdef
+
+            try:
+                rex = cls._process_regex(tdef[0], rflags, state)
+            except Exception as err:
+                raise ValueError("uncompilable regex %r in state %r of %r: %s" %
+                                 (tdef[0], state, cls, err)) from err
+
+            token = cls._process_token(tdef[1])
+
+            if len(tdef) == 2:
+                new_state = None
+            else:
+                new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef[2],
+                                                   unprocessed, processed)
+
+            tokens.append((rex, token, new_state))
+        return tokens
+
+    def process_tokendef(cls, name, tokendefs=None):
+        """Preprocess a dictionary of token definitions."""
+        processed = cls._all_tokens[name] = {}
+        tokendefs = tokendefs or cls.tokens[name]
+        for state in list(tokendefs):
+            cls._process_state(tokendefs, processed, state)
+        return processed
+
+    def get_tokendefs(cls):
+        """
+        Merge tokens from superclasses in MRO order, returning a single tokendef
+        dictionary.
+
+        Any state that is not defined by a subclass will be inherited
+        automatically.  States that *are* defined by subclasses will, by
+        default, override that state in the superclass.  If a subclass wishes to
+        inherit definitions from a superclass, it can use the special value
+        "inherit", which will cause the superclass' state definition to be
+        included at that point in the state.
+        """
+        tokens = {}
+        inheritable = {}
+        for c in cls.__mro__:
+            toks = c.__dict__.get('tokens', {})
+
+            for state, items in toks.items():
+                curitems = tokens.get(state)
+                if curitems is None:
+                    # N.b. because this is assigned by reference, sufficiently
+                    # deep hierarchies are processed incrementally (e.g. for
+                    # A(B), B(C), C(RegexLexer), B will be premodified so X(B)
+                    # will not see any inherits in B).
+                    tokens[state] = items
+                    try:
+                        inherit_ndx = items.index(inherit)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        continue
+                    inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx
+                    continue
+
+                inherit_ndx = inheritable.pop(state, None)
+                if inherit_ndx is None:
+                    continue
+
+                # Replace the "inherit" value with the items
+                curitems[inherit_ndx:inherit_ndx+1] = items
+                try:
+                    # N.b. this is the index in items (that is, the superclass
+                    # copy), so offset required when storing below.
+                    new_inh_ndx = items.index(inherit)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx + new_inh_ndx
+
+        return tokens
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+        """Instantiate cls after preprocessing its token definitions."""
+        if '_tokens' not in cls.__dict__:
+            cls._all_tokens = {}
+            cls._tmpname = 0
+            if hasattr(cls, 'token_variants') and cls.token_variants:
+                # don't process yet
+                pass
+            else:
+                cls._tokens = cls.process_tokendef('', cls.get_tokendefs())
+
+        return type.__call__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+
+
+class RegexLexer(Lexer, metaclass=RegexLexerMeta):
+    """
+    Base for simple stateful regular expression-based lexers.
+    Simplifies the lexing process so that you need only
+    provide a list of states and regular expressions.
+    """
+
+    #: Flags for compiling the regular expressions.
+    #: Defaults to MULTILINE.
+    flags = re.MULTILINE
+
+    #: At all time there is a stack of states. Initially, the stack contains
+    #: a single state 'root'. The top of the stack is called "the current state".
+    #:
+    #: Dict of ``{'state': [(regex, tokentype, new_state), ...], ...}``
+    #:
+    #: ``new_state`` can be omitted to signify no state transition.
+    #: If ``new_state`` is a string, it is pushed on the stack. This ensure
+    #: the new current state is ``new_state``.
+    #: If ``new_state`` is a tuple of strings, all of those strings are pushed
+    #: on the stack and the current state will be the last element of the list.
+    #: ``new_state`` can also be ``combined('state1', 'state2', ...)``
+    #: to signify a new, anonymous state combined from the rules of two
+    #: or more existing ones.
+    #: Furthermore, it can be '#pop' to signify going back one step in
+    #: the state stack, or '#push' to push the current state on the stack
+    #: again. Note that if you push while in a combined state, the combined
+    #: state itself is pushed, and not only the state in which the rule is
+    #: defined.
+    #:
+    #: The tuple can also be replaced with ``include('state')``, in which
+    #: case the rules from the state named by the string are included in the
+    #: current one.
+    tokens = {}
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)):
+        """
+        Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs.
+
+        ``stack`` is the initial stack (default: ``['root']``)
+        """
+        pos = 0
+        tokendefs = self._tokens
+        statestack = list(stack)
+        statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]]
+        while 1:
+            for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = rexmatch(text, pos)
+                if m:
+                    if action is not None:
+                        if type(action) is _TokenType:
+                            yield pos, action, m.group()
+                        else:
+                            yield from action(self, m)
+                    pos = m.end()
+                    if new_state is not None:
+                        # state transition
+                        if isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+                            for state in new_state:
+                                if state == '#pop':
+                                    if len(statestack) > 1:
+                                        statestack.pop()
+                                elif state == '#push':
+                                    statestack.append(statestack[-1])
+                                else:
+                                    statestack.append(state)
+                        elif isinstance(new_state, int):
+                            # pop, but keep at least one state on the stack
+                            # (random code leading to unexpected pops should
+                            # not allow exceptions)
+                            if abs(new_state) >= len(statestack):
+                                del statestack[1:]
+                            else:
+                                del statestack[new_state:]
+                        elif new_state == '#push':
+                            statestack.append(statestack[-1])
+                        else:
+                            assert False, "wrong state def: %r" % new_state
+                        statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]]
+                    break
+            else:
+                # We are here only if all state tokens have been considered
+                # and there was not a match on any of them.
+                try:
+                    if text[pos] == '\n':
+                        # at EOL, reset state to "root"
+                        statestack = ['root']
+                        statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+                        yield pos, Whitespace, '\n'
+                        pos += 1
+                        continue
+                    yield pos, Error, text[pos]
+                    pos += 1
+                except IndexError:
+                    break
+
+
+class LexerContext:
+    """
+    A helper object that holds lexer position data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, text, pos, stack=None, end=None):
+        self.text = text
+        self.pos = pos
+        self.end = end or len(text)  # end=0 not supported ;-)
+        self.stack = stack or ['root']
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'LexerContext(%r, %r, %r)' % (
+            self.text, self.pos, self.stack)
+
+
+class ExtendedRegexLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    A RegexLexer that uses a context object to store its state.
+    """
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text=None, context=None):
+        """
+        Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs.
+        If ``context`` is given, use this lexer context instead.
+        """
+        tokendefs = self._tokens
+        if not context:
+            ctx = LexerContext(text, 0)
+            statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+        else:
+            ctx = context
+            statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+            text = ctx.text
+        while 1:
+            for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = rexmatch(text, ctx.pos, ctx.end)
+                if m:
+                    if action is not None:
+                        if type(action) is _TokenType:
+                            yield ctx.pos, action, m.group()
+                            ctx.pos = m.end()
+                        else:
+                            yield from action(self, m, ctx)
+                            if not new_state:
+                                # altered the state stack?
+                                statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+                    # CAUTION: callback must set ctx.pos!
+                    if new_state is not None:
+                        # state transition
+                        if isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+                            for state in new_state:
+                                if state == '#pop':
+                                    if len(ctx.stack) > 1:
+                                        ctx.stack.pop()
+                                elif state == '#push':
+                                    ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1])
+                                else:
+                                    ctx.stack.append(state)
+                        elif isinstance(new_state, int):
+                            # see RegexLexer for why this check is made
+                            if abs(new_state) >= len(ctx.stack):
+                                del ctx.stack[1:]
+                            else:
+                                del ctx.stack[new_state:]
+                        elif new_state == '#push':
+                            ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1])
+                        else:
+                            assert False, "wrong state def: %r" % new_state
+                        statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+                    break
+            else:
+                try:
+                    if ctx.pos >= ctx.end:
+                        break
+                    if text[ctx.pos] == '\n':
+                        # at EOL, reset state to "root"
+                        ctx.stack = ['root']
+                        statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+                        yield ctx.pos, Text, '\n'
+                        ctx.pos += 1
+                        continue
+                    yield ctx.pos, Error, text[ctx.pos]
+                    ctx.pos += 1
+                except IndexError:
+                    break
+
+
+def do_insertions(insertions, tokens):
+    """
+    Helper for lexers which must combine the results of several
+    sublexers.
+
+    ``insertions`` is a list of ``(index, itokens)`` pairs.
+    Each ``itokens`` iterable should be inserted at position
+    ``index`` into the token stream given by the ``tokens``
+    argument.
+
+    The result is a combined token stream.
+
+    TODO: clean up the code here.
+    """
+    insertions = iter(insertions)
+    try:
+        index, itokens = next(insertions)
+    except StopIteration:
+        # no insertions
+        yield from tokens
+        return
+
+    realpos = None
+    insleft = True
+
+    # iterate over the token stream where we want to insert
+    # the tokens from the insertion list.
+    for i, t, v in tokens:
+        # first iteration. store the position of first item
+        if realpos is None:
+            realpos = i
+        oldi = 0
+        while insleft and i + len(v) >= index:
+            tmpval = v[oldi:index - i]
+            if tmpval:
+                yield realpos, t, tmpval
+                realpos += len(tmpval)
+            for it_index, it_token, it_value in itokens:
+                yield realpos, it_token, it_value
+                realpos += len(it_value)
+            oldi = index - i
+            try:
+                index, itokens = next(insertions)
+            except StopIteration:
+                insleft = False
+                break  # not strictly necessary
+        if oldi < len(v):
+            yield realpos, t, v[oldi:]
+            realpos += len(v) - oldi
+
+    # leftover tokens
+    while insleft:
+        # no normal tokens, set realpos to zero
+        realpos = realpos or 0
+        for p, t, v in itokens:
+            yield realpos, t, v
+            realpos += len(v)
+        try:
+            index, itokens = next(insertions)
+        except StopIteration:
+            insleft = False
+            break  # not strictly necessary
+
+
+class ProfilingRegexLexerMeta(RegexLexerMeta):
+    """Metaclass for ProfilingRegexLexer, collects regex timing info."""
+
+    def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state):
+        if isinstance(regex, words):
+            rex = regex_opt(regex.words, prefix=regex.prefix,
+                            suffix=regex.suffix)
+        else:
+            rex = regex
+        compiled = re.compile(rex, rflags)
+
+        def match_func(text, pos, endpos=sys.maxsize):
+            info = cls._prof_data[-1].setdefault((state, rex), [0, 0.0])
+            t0 = time.time()
+            res = compiled.match(text, pos, endpos)
+            t1 = time.time()
+            info[0] += 1
+            info[1] += t1 - t0
+            return res
+        return match_func
+
+
+class ProfilingRegexLexer(RegexLexer, metaclass=ProfilingRegexLexerMeta):
+    """Drop-in replacement for RegexLexer that does profiling of its regexes."""
+
+    _prof_data = []
+    _prof_sort_index = 4  # defaults to time per call
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)):
+        # this needs to be a stack, since using(this) will produce nested calls
+        self.__class__._prof_data.append({})
+        yield from RegexLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack)
+        rawdata = self.__class__._prof_data.pop()
+        data = sorted(((s, repr(r).strip('u\'').replace('\\\\', '\\')[:65],
+                        n, 1000 * t, 1000 * t / n)
+                       for ((s, r), (n, t)) in rawdata.items()),
+                      key=lambda x: x[self._prof_sort_index],
+                      reverse=True)
+        sum_total = sum(x[3] for x in data)
+
+        print()
+        print('Profiling result for %s lexing %d chars in %.3f ms' %
+              (self.__class__.__name__, len(text), sum_total))
+        print('=' * 110)
+        print('%-20s %-64s ncalls  tottime  percall' % ('state', 'regex'))
+        print('-' * 110)
+        for d in data:
+            print('%-20s %-65s %5d %8.4f %8.4f' % d)
+        print('=' * 110)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d97c3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexers
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments lexers.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import fnmatch
+from os.path import basename
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+from pip._vendor.pygments.modeline import get_filetype_from_buffer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_lexers
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound, guess_decode
+
+COMPAT = {
+    'Python3Lexer': 'PythonLexer',
+    'Python3TracebackLexer': 'PythonTracebackLexer',
+}
+
+__all__ = ['get_lexer_by_name', 'get_lexer_for_filename', 'find_lexer_class',
+           'guess_lexer', 'load_lexer_from_file'] + list(LEXERS) + list(COMPAT)
+
+_lexer_cache = {}
+_pattern_cache = {}
+
+
+def _fn_matches(fn, glob):
+    """Return whether the supplied file name fn matches pattern filename."""
+    if glob not in _pattern_cache:
+        pattern = _pattern_cache[glob] = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(glob))
+        return pattern.match(fn)
+    return _pattern_cache[glob].match(fn)
+
+
+def _load_lexers(module_name):
+    """Load a lexer (and all others in the module too)."""
+    mod = __import__(module_name, None, None, ['__all__'])
+    for lexer_name in mod.__all__:
+        cls = getattr(mod, lexer_name)
+        _lexer_cache[cls.name] = cls
+
+
+def get_all_lexers(plugins=True):
+    """Return a generator of tuples in the form ``(name, aliases,
+    filenames, mimetypes)`` of all know lexers.
+
+    If *plugins* is true (the default), plugin lexers supplied by entrypoints
+    are also returned.  Otherwise, only builtin ones are considered.
+    """
+    for item in LEXERS.values():
+        yield item[1:]
+    if plugins:
+        for lexer in find_plugin_lexers():
+            yield lexer.name, lexer.aliases, lexer.filenames, lexer.mimetypes
+
+
+def find_lexer_class(name):
+    """
+    Return the `Lexer` subclass that with the *name* attribute as given by
+    the *name* argument.
+    """
+    if name in _lexer_cache:
+        return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, lname, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if name == lname:
+            _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if cls.name == name:
+            return cls
+
+
+def find_lexer_class_by_name(_alias):
+    """
+    Return the `Lexer` subclass that has `alias` in its aliases list, without
+    instantiating it.
+
+    Like `get_lexer_by_name`, but does not instantiate the class.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer with that alias is
+    found.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    if not _alias:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if _alias.lower() in aliases:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _alias.lower() in cls.aliases:
+            return cls
+    raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+
+
+def get_lexer_by_name(_alias, **options):
+    """
+    Return an instance of a `Lexer` subclass that has `alias` in its
+    aliases list. The lexer is given the `options` at its
+    instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer with that alias is
+    found.
+    """
+    if not _alias:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if _alias.lower() in aliases:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name](**options)
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _alias.lower() in cls.aliases:
+            return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+
+
+def load_lexer_from_file(filename, lexername="CustomLexer", **options):
+    """Load a lexer from a file.
+
+    This method expects a file located relative to the current working
+    directory, which contains a Lexer class. By default, it expects the
+    Lexer to be name CustomLexer; you can specify your own class name
+    as the second argument to this function.
+
+    Users should be very careful with the input, because this method
+    is equivalent to running eval on the input file.
+
+    Raises ClassNotFound if there are any problems importing the Lexer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    try:
+        # This empty dict will contain the namespace for the exec'd file
+        custom_namespace = {}
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            exec(f.read(), custom_namespace)
+        # Retrieve the class `lexername` from that namespace
+        if lexername not in custom_namespace:
+            raise ClassNotFound('no valid %s class found in %s' %
+                                (lexername, filename))
+        lexer_class = custom_namespace[lexername]
+        # And finally instantiate it with the options
+        return lexer_class(**options)
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('cannot read %s: %s' % (filename, err))
+    except ClassNotFound:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('error when loading custom lexer: %s' % err)
+
+
+def find_lexer_class_for_filename(_fn, code=None):
+    """Get a lexer for a filename.
+
+    If multiple lexers match the filename pattern, use ``analyse_text()`` to
+    figure out which one is more appropriate.
+
+    Returns None if not found.
+    """
+    matches = []
+    fn = basename(_fn)
+    for modname, name, _, filenames, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                    _load_lexers(modname)
+                matches.append((_lexer_cache[name], filename))
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        for filename in cls.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matches.append((cls, filename))
+
+    if isinstance(code, bytes):
+        # decode it, since all analyse_text functions expect unicode
+        code = guess_decode(code)
+
+    def get_rating(info):
+        cls, filename = info
+        # explicit patterns get a bonus
+        bonus = '*' not in filename and 0.5 or 0
+        # The class _always_ defines analyse_text because it's included in
+        # the Lexer class.  The default implementation returns None which
+        # gets turned into 0.0.  Run scripts/detect_missing_analyse_text.py
+        # to find lexers which need it overridden.
+        if code:
+            return cls.analyse_text(code) + bonus, cls.__name__
+        return cls.priority + bonus, cls.__name__
+
+    if matches:
+        matches.sort(key=get_rating)
+        # print "Possible lexers, after sort:", matches
+        return matches[-1][0]
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_filename(_fn, code=None, **options):
+    """Get a lexer for a filename.
+
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that has a filename pattern
+    matching `fn`. The lexer is given the `options` at its
+    instantiation.
+
+    Raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer for that filename
+    is found.
+
+    If multiple lexers match the filename pattern, use their ``analyse_text()``
+    methods to figure out which one is more appropriate.
+    """
+    res = find_lexer_class_for_filename(_fn, code)
+    if not res:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for filename %r found' % _fn)
+    return res(**options)
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_mimetype(_mime, **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that has `mime` in its mimetype
+    list. The lexer is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if not lexer for that mimetype
+    is found.
+    """
+    for modname, name, _, _, mimetypes in LEXERS.values():
+        if _mime in mimetypes:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(modname)
+            return _lexer_cache[name](**options)
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _mime in cls.mimetypes:
+            return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for mimetype %r found' % _mime)
+
+
+def _iter_lexerclasses(plugins=True):
+    """Return an iterator over all lexer classes."""
+    for key in sorted(LEXERS):
+        module_name, name = LEXERS[key][:2]
+        if name not in _lexer_cache:
+            _load_lexers(module_name)
+        yield _lexer_cache[name]
+    if plugins:
+        yield from find_plugin_lexers()
+
+
+def guess_lexer_for_filename(_fn, _text, **options):
+    """
+    As :func:`guess_lexer()`, but only lexers which have a pattern in `filenames`
+    or `alias_filenames` that matches `filename` are taken into consideration.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if no lexer thinks it can
+    handle the content.
+    """
+    fn = basename(_fn)
+    primary = {}
+    matching_lexers = set()
+    for lexer in _iter_lexerclasses():
+        for filename in lexer.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matching_lexers.add(lexer)
+                primary[lexer] = True
+        for filename in lexer.alias_filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matching_lexers.add(lexer)
+                primary[lexer] = False
+    if not matching_lexers:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for filename %r found' % fn)
+    if len(matching_lexers) == 1:
+        return matching_lexers.pop()(**options)
+    result = []
+    for lexer in matching_lexers:
+        rv = lexer.analyse_text(_text)
+        if rv == 1.0:
+            return lexer(**options)
+        result.append((rv, lexer))
+
+    def type_sort(t):
+        # sort by:
+        # - analyse score
+        # - is primary filename pattern?
+        # - priority
+        # - last resort: class name
+        return (t[0], primary[t[1]], t[1].priority, t[1].__name__)
+    result.sort(key=type_sort)
+
+    return result[-1][1](**options)
+
+
+def guess_lexer(_text, **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that's guessed from the text in
+    `text`. For that, the :meth:`.analyse_text()` method of every known lexer
+    class is called with the text as argument, and the lexer which returned the
+    highest value will be instantiated and returned.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if no lexer thinks it can
+    handle the content.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(_text, str):
+        inencoding = options.get('inencoding', options.get('encoding'))
+        if inencoding:
+            _text = _text.decode(inencoding or 'utf8')
+        else:
+            _text, _ = guess_decode(_text)
+
+    # try to get a vim modeline first
+    ft = get_filetype_from_buffer(_text)
+
+    if ft is not None:
+        try:
+            return get_lexer_by_name(ft, **options)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            pass
+
+    best_lexer = [0.0, None]
+    for lexer in _iter_lexerclasses():
+        rv = lexer.analyse_text(_text)
+        if rv == 1.0:
+            return lexer(**options)
+        if rv > best_lexer[0]:
+            best_lexer[:] = (rv, lexer)
+    if not best_lexer[0] or best_lexer[1] is None:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer matching the text found')
+    return best_lexer[1](**options)
+
+
+class _automodule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Automatically import lexers."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        info = LEXERS.get(name)
+        if info:
+            _load_lexers(info[0])
+            cls = _lexer_cache[info[1]]
+            setattr(self, name, cls)
+            return cls
+        if name in COMPAT:
+            return getattr(self, COMPAT[name])
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+oldmod = sys.modules[__name__]
+newmod = _automodule(__name__)
+newmod.__dict__.update(oldmod.__dict__)
+sys.modules[__name__] = newmod
+del newmod.newmod, newmod.oldmod, newmod.sys, newmod.types
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de6a015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+LEXERS = {
+    'ABAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'ABAP', ('abap',), ('*.abap', '*.ABAP'), ('text/x-abap',)),
+    'AMDGPULexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.amdgpu', 'AMDGPU', ('amdgpu',), ('*.isa',), ()),
+    'APLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.apl', 'APL', ('apl',), ('*.apl', '*.aplf', '*.aplo', '*.apln', '*.aplc', '*.apli', '*.dyalog'), ()),
+    'AbnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'ABNF', ('abnf',), ('*.abnf',), ('text/x-abnf',)),
+    'ActionScript3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'ActionScript 3', ('actionscript3', 'as3'), ('*.as',), ('application/x-actionscript3', 'text/x-actionscript3', 'text/actionscript3')),
+    'ActionScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'ActionScript', ('actionscript', 'as'), ('*.as',), ('application/x-actionscript', 'text/x-actionscript', 'text/actionscript')),
+    'AdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ada', 'Ada', ('ada', 'ada95', 'ada2005'), ('*.adb', '*.ads', '*.ada'), ('text/x-ada',)),
+    'AdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'ADL', ('adl',), ('*.adl', '*.adls', '*.adlf', '*.adlx'), ()),
+    'AgdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Agda', ('agda',), ('*.agda',), ('text/x-agda',)),
+    'AheuiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Aheui', ('aheui',), ('*.aheui',), ()),
+    'AlloyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Alloy', ('alloy',), ('*.als',), ('text/x-alloy',)),
+    'AmbientTalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ambient', 'AmbientTalk', ('ambienttalk', 'ambienttalk/2', 'at'), ('*.at',), ('text/x-ambienttalk',)),
+    'AmplLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ampl', 'Ampl', ('ampl',), ('*.run',), ()),
+    'Angular2HtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML + Angular2', ('html+ng2',), ('*.ng2',), ()),
+    'Angular2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Angular2', ('ng2',), (), ()),
+    'AntlrActionScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target', ('antlr-actionscript', 'antlr-as'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrCSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With C# Target', ('antlr-csharp', 'antlr-c#'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With CPP Target', ('antlr-cpp',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrJavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Java Target', ('antlr-java',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR', ('antlr',), (), ()),
+    'AntlrObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target', ('antlr-objc',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrPerlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Perl Target', ('antlr-perl',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrPythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Python Target', ('antlr-python',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrRubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target', ('antlr-ruby', 'antlr-rb'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'ApacheConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'ApacheConf', ('apacheconf', 'aconf', 'apache'), ('.htaccess', 'apache.conf', 'apache2.conf'), ('text/x-apacheconf',)),
+    'AppleScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'AppleScript', ('applescript',), ('*.applescript',), ()),
+    'ArduinoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Arduino', ('arduino',), ('*.ino',), ('text/x-arduino',)),
+    'ArrowLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.arrow', 'Arrow', ('arrow',), ('*.arw',), ()),
+    'ArturoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.arturo', 'Arturo', ('arturo', 'art'), ('*.art',), ()),
+    'AscLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asc', 'ASCII armored', ('asc', 'pem'), ('*.asc', '*.pem', 'id_dsa', 'id_ecdsa', 'id_ecdsa_sk', 'id_ed25519', 'id_ed25519_sk', 'id_rsa'), ('application/pgp-keys', 'application/pgp-encrypted', 'application/pgp-signature')),
+    'AspectJLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'AspectJ', ('aspectj',), ('*.aj',), ('text/x-aspectj',)),
+    'AsymptoteLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'Asymptote', ('asymptote', 'asy'), ('*.asy',), ('text/x-asymptote',)),
+    'AugeasLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Augeas', ('augeas',), ('*.aug',), ()),
+    'AutoItLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.automation', 'AutoIt', ('autoit',), ('*.au3',), ('text/x-autoit',)),
+    'AutohotkeyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.automation', 'autohotkey', ('autohotkey', 'ahk'), ('*.ahk', '*.ahkl'), ('text/x-autohotkey',)),
+    'AwkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'Awk', ('awk', 'gawk', 'mawk', 'nawk'), ('*.awk',), ('application/x-awk',)),
+    'BBCBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BBC Basic', ('bbcbasic',), ('*.bbc',), ()),
+    'BBCodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'BBCode', ('bbcode',), (), ('text/x-bbcode',)),
+    'BCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'BC', ('bc',), ('*.bc',), ()),
+    'BSTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bibtex', 'BST', ('bst', 'bst-pybtex'), ('*.bst',), ()),
+    'BareLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bare', 'BARE', ('bare',), ('*.bare',), ()),
+    'BaseMakefileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'Base Makefile', ('basemake',), (), ()),
+    'BashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Bash', ('bash', 'sh', 'ksh', 'zsh', 'shell'), ('*.sh', '*.ksh', '*.bash', '*.ebuild', '*.eclass', '*.exheres-0', '*.exlib', '*.zsh', '.bashrc', 'bashrc', '.bash_*', 'bash_*', 'zshrc', '.zshrc', '.kshrc', 'kshrc', 'PKGBUILD'), ('application/x-sh', 'application/x-shellscript', 'text/x-shellscript')),
+    'BashSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Bash Session', ('console', 'shell-session'), ('*.sh-session', '*.shell-session'), ('application/x-shell-session', 'application/x-sh-session')),
+    'BatchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Batchfile', ('batch', 'bat', 'dosbatch', 'winbatch'), ('*.bat', '*.cmd'), ('application/x-dos-batch',)),
+    'BddLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bdd', 'Bdd', ('bdd',), ('*.feature',), ('text/x-bdd',)),
+    'BefungeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Befunge', ('befunge',), ('*.befunge',), ('application/x-befunge',)),
+    'BerryLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.berry', 'Berry', ('berry', 'be'), ('*.be',), ('text/x-berry', 'application/x-berry')),
+    'BibTeXLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bibtex', 'BibTeX', ('bibtex', 'bib'), ('*.bib',), ('text/x-bibtex',)),
+    'BlitzBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BlitzBasic', ('blitzbasic', 'b3d', 'bplus'), ('*.bb', '*.decls'), ('text/x-bb',)),
+    'BlitzMaxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BlitzMax', ('blitzmax', 'bmax'), ('*.bmx',), ('text/x-bmx',)),
+    'BnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'BNF', ('bnf',), ('*.bnf',), ('text/x-bnf',)),
+    'BoaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.boa', 'Boa', ('boa',), ('*.boa',), ()),
+    'BooLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'Boo', ('boo',), ('*.boo',), ('text/x-boo',)),
+    'BoogieLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verification', 'Boogie', ('boogie',), ('*.bpl',), ()),
+    'BrainfuckLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Brainfuck', ('brainfuck', 'bf'), ('*.bf', '*.b'), ('application/x-brainfuck',)),
+    'BugsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'BUGS', ('bugs', 'winbugs', 'openbugs'), ('*.bug',), ()),
+    'CAmkESLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'CAmkES', ('camkes', 'idl4'), ('*.camkes', '*.idl4'), ()),
+    'CLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_cpp', 'C', ('c',), ('*.c', '*.h', '*.idc', '*.x[bp]m'), ('text/x-chdr', 'text/x-csrc', 'image/x-xbitmap', 'image/x-xpixmap')),
+    'CMakeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'CMake', ('cmake',), ('*.cmake', 'CMakeLists.txt'), ('text/x-cmake',)),
+    'CObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'c-objdump', ('c-objdump',), ('*.c-objdump',), ('text/x-c-objdump',)),
+    'CPSALexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'CPSA', ('cpsa',), ('*.cpsa',), ()),
+    'CSSUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'CSS+UL4', ('css+ul4',), ('*.cssul4',), ()),
+    'CSharpAspxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'aspx-cs', ('aspx-cs',), ('*.aspx', '*.asax', '*.ascx', '*.ashx', '*.asmx', '*.axd'), ()),
+    'CSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'C#', ('csharp', 'c#', 'cs'), ('*.cs',), ('text/x-csharp',)),
+    'Ca65Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'ca65 assembler', ('ca65',), ('*.s',), ()),
+    'CadlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'cADL', ('cadl',), ('*.cadl',), ()),
+    'CapDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'CapDL', ('capdl',), ('*.cdl',), ()),
+    'CapnProtoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.capnproto', "Cap'n Proto", ('capnp',), ('*.capnp',), ()),
+    'CarbonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.carbon', 'Carbon', ('carbon',), ('*.carbon',), ('text/x-carbon',)),
+    'CbmBasicV2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'CBM BASIC V2', ('cbmbas',), ('*.bas',), ()),
+    'CddlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.cddl', 'CDDL', ('cddl',), ('*.cddl',), ('text/x-cddl',)),
+    'CeylonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Ceylon', ('ceylon',), ('*.ceylon',), ('text/x-ceylon',)),
+    'Cfengine3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'CFEngine3', ('cfengine3', 'cf3'), ('*.cf',), ()),
+    'ChaiscriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'ChaiScript', ('chaiscript', 'chai'), ('*.chai',), ('text/x-chaiscript', 'application/x-chaiscript')),
+    'ChapelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.chapel', 'Chapel', ('chapel', 'chpl'), ('*.chpl',), ()),
+    'CharmciLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Charmci', ('charmci',), ('*.ci',), ()),
+    'CheetahHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Cheetah', ('html+cheetah', 'html+spitfire', 'htmlcheetah'), (), ('text/html+cheetah', 'text/html+spitfire')),
+    'CheetahJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Cheetah', ('javascript+cheetah', 'js+cheetah', 'javascript+spitfire', 'js+spitfire'), (), ('application/x-javascript+cheetah', 'text/x-javascript+cheetah', 'text/javascript+cheetah', 'application/x-javascript+spitfire', 'text/x-javascript+spitfire', 'text/javascript+spitfire')),
+    'CheetahLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Cheetah', ('cheetah', 'spitfire'), ('*.tmpl', '*.spt'), ('application/x-cheetah', 'application/x-spitfire')),
+    'CheetahXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Cheetah', ('xml+cheetah', 'xml+spitfire'), (), ('application/xml+cheetah', 'application/xml+spitfire')),
+    'CirruLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Cirru', ('cirru',), ('*.cirru',), ('text/x-cirru',)),
+    'ClayLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Clay', ('clay',), ('*.clay',), ('text/x-clay',)),
+    'CleanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.clean', 'Clean', ('clean',), ('*.icl', '*.dcl'), ()),
+    'ClojureLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Clojure', ('clojure', 'clj'), ('*.clj', '*.cljc'), ('text/x-clojure', 'application/x-clojure')),
+    'ClojureScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'ClojureScript', ('clojurescript', 'cljs'), ('*.cljs',), ('text/x-clojurescript', 'application/x-clojurescript')),
+    'CobolFreeformatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'COBOLFree', ('cobolfree',), ('*.cbl', '*.CBL'), ()),
+    'CobolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'COBOL', ('cobol',), ('*.cob', '*.COB', '*.cpy', '*.CPY'), ('text/x-cobol',)),
+    'CoffeeScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'CoffeeScript', ('coffeescript', 'coffee-script', 'coffee'), ('*.coffee',), ('text/coffeescript',)),
+    'ColdfusionCFCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Coldfusion CFC', ('cfc',), ('*.cfc',), ()),
+    'ColdfusionHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Coldfusion HTML', ('cfm',), ('*.cfm', '*.cfml'), ('application/x-coldfusion',)),
+    'ColdfusionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'cfstatement', ('cfs',), (), ()),
+    'Comal80Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.comal', 'COMAL-80', ('comal', 'comal80'), ('*.cml', '*.comal'), ()),
+    'CommonLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Common Lisp', ('common-lisp', 'cl', 'lisp'), ('*.cl', '*.lisp'), ('text/x-common-lisp',)),
+    'ComponentPascalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.oberon', 'Component Pascal', ('componentpascal', 'cp'), ('*.cp', '*.cps'), ('text/x-component-pascal',)),
+    'CoqLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Coq', ('coq',), ('*.v',), ('text/x-coq',)),
+    'CplintLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.cplint', 'cplint', ('cplint',), ('*.ecl', '*.prolog', '*.pro', '*.pl', '*.P', '*.lpad', '*.cpl'), ('text/x-cplint',)),
+    'CppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_cpp', 'C++', ('cpp', 'c++'), ('*.cpp', '*.hpp', '*.c++', '*.h++', '*.cc', '*.hh', '*.cxx', '*.hxx', '*.C', '*.H', '*.cp', '*.CPP', '*.tpp'), ('text/x-c++hdr', 'text/x-c++src')),
+    'CppObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'cpp-objdump', ('cpp-objdump', 'c++-objdumb', 'cxx-objdump'), ('*.cpp-objdump', '*.c++-objdump', '*.cxx-objdump'), ('text/x-cpp-objdump',)),
+    'CrmshLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Crmsh', ('crmsh', 'pcmk'), ('*.crmsh', '*.pcmk'), ()),
+    'CrocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'Croc', ('croc',), ('*.croc',), ('text/x-crocsrc',)),
+    'CryptolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Cryptol', ('cryptol', 'cry'), ('*.cry',), ('text/x-cryptol',)),
+    'CrystalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.crystal', 'Crystal', ('cr', 'crystal'), ('*.cr',), ('text/x-crystal',)),
+    'CsoundDocumentLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Document', ('csound-document', 'csound-csd'), ('*.csd',), ()),
+    'CsoundOrchestraLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Orchestra', ('csound', 'csound-orc'), ('*.orc', '*.udo'), ()),
+    'CsoundScoreLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Score', ('csound-score', 'csound-sco'), ('*.sco',), ()),
+    'CssDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Django/Jinja', ('css+django', 'css+jinja'), ('*.css.j2', '*.css.jinja2'), ('text/css+django', 'text/css+jinja')),
+    'CssErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Ruby', ('css+ruby', 'css+erb'), (), ('text/css+ruby',)),
+    'CssGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Genshi Text', ('css+genshitext', 'css+genshi'), (), ('text/css+genshi',)),
+    'CssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'CSS', ('css',), ('*.css',), ('text/css',)),
+    'CssPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+PHP', ('css+php',), (), ('text/css+php',)),
+    'CssSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Smarty', ('css+smarty',), (), ('text/css+smarty',)),
+    'CudaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'CUDA', ('cuda', 'cu'), ('*.cu', '*.cuh'), ('text/x-cuda',)),
+    'CypherLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graph', 'Cypher', ('cypher',), ('*.cyp', '*.cypher'), ()),
+    'CythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Cython', ('cython', 'pyx', 'pyrex'), ('*.pyx', '*.pxd', '*.pxi'), ('text/x-cython', 'application/x-cython')),
+    'DLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'D', ('d',), ('*.d', '*.di'), ('text/x-dsrc',)),
+    'DObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'd-objdump', ('d-objdump',), ('*.d-objdump',), ('text/x-d-objdump',)),
+    'DarcsPatchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'Darcs Patch', ('dpatch',), ('*.dpatch', '*.darcspatch'), ()),
+    'DartLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Dart', ('dart',), ('*.dart',), ('text/x-dart',)),
+    'Dasm16Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'DASM16', ('dasm16',), ('*.dasm16', '*.dasm'), ('text/x-dasm16',)),
+    'DaxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dax', 'Dax', ('dax',), ('*.dax',), ()),
+    'DebianControlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'Debian Control file', ('debcontrol', 'control'), ('control',), ()),
+    'DelphiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pascal', 'Delphi', ('delphi', 'pas', 'pascal', 'objectpascal'), ('*.pas', '*.dpr'), ('text/x-pascal',)),
+    'DevicetreeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.devicetree', 'Devicetree', ('devicetree', 'dts'), ('*.dts', '*.dtsi'), ('text/x-c',)),
+    'DgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'dg', ('dg',), ('*.dg',), ('text/x-dg',)),
+    'DiffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'Diff', ('diff', 'udiff'), ('*.diff', '*.patch'), ('text/x-diff', 'text/x-patch')),
+    'DjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Django/Jinja', ('django', 'jinja'), (), ('application/x-django-templating', 'application/x-jinja')),
+    'DockerLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Docker', ('docker', 'dockerfile'), ('Dockerfile', '*.docker'), ('text/x-dockerfile-config',)),
+    'DtdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'DTD', ('dtd',), ('*.dtd',), ('application/xml-dtd',)),
+    'DuelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Duel', ('duel', 'jbst', 'jsonml+bst'), ('*.duel', '*.jbst'), ('text/x-duel', 'text/x-jbst')),
+    'DylanConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'Dylan session', ('dylan-console', 'dylan-repl'), ('*.dylan-console',), ('text/x-dylan-console',)),
+    'DylanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'Dylan', ('dylan',), ('*.dylan', '*.dyl', '*.intr'), ('text/x-dylan',)),
+    'DylanLidLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'DylanLID', ('dylan-lid', 'lid'), ('*.lid', '*.hdp'), ('text/x-dylan-lid',)),
+    'ECLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ecl', 'ECL', ('ecl',), ('*.ecl',), ('application/x-ecl',)),
+    'ECLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'eC', ('ec',), ('*.ec', '*.eh'), ('text/x-echdr', 'text/x-ecsrc')),
+    'EarlGreyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Earl Grey', ('earl-grey', 'earlgrey', 'eg'), ('*.eg',), ('text/x-earl-grey',)),
+    'EasytrieveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Easytrieve', ('easytrieve',), ('*.ezt', '*.mac'), ('text/x-easytrieve',)),
+    'EbnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'EBNF', ('ebnf',), ('*.ebnf',), ('text/x-ebnf',)),
+    'EiffelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.eiffel', 'Eiffel', ('eiffel',), ('*.e',), ('text/x-eiffel',)),
+    'ElixirConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Elixir iex session', ('iex',), (), ('text/x-elixir-shellsession',)),
+    'ElixirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Elixir', ('elixir', 'ex', 'exs'), ('*.ex', '*.eex', '*.exs', '*.leex'), ('text/x-elixir',)),
+    'ElmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.elm', 'Elm', ('elm',), ('*.elm',), ('text/x-elm',)),
+    'ElpiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.elpi', 'Elpi', ('elpi',), ('*.elpi',), ('text/x-elpi',)),
+    'EmacsLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'EmacsLisp', ('emacs-lisp', 'elisp', 'emacs'), ('*.el',), ('text/x-elisp', 'application/x-elisp')),
+    'EmailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.email', 'E-mail', ('email', 'eml'), ('*.eml',), ('message/rfc822',)),
+    'ErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'ERB', ('erb',), (), ('application/x-ruby-templating',)),
+    'ErlangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Erlang', ('erlang',), ('*.erl', '*.hrl', '*.es', '*.escript'), ('text/x-erlang',)),
+    'ErlangShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Erlang erl session', ('erl',), ('*.erl-sh',), ('text/x-erl-shellsession',)),
+    'EvoqueHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Evoque', ('html+evoque',), ('*.html',), ('text/html+evoque',)),
+    'EvoqueLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Evoque', ('evoque',), ('*.evoque',), ('application/x-evoque',)),
+    'EvoqueXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Evoque', ('xml+evoque',), ('*.xml',), ('application/xml+evoque',)),
+    'ExeclineLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'execline', ('execline',), ('*.exec',), ()),
+    'EzhilLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ezhil', 'Ezhil', ('ezhil',), ('*.n',), ('text/x-ezhil',)),
+    'FSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'F#', ('fsharp', 'f#'), ('*.fs', '*.fsi', '*.fsx'), ('text/x-fsharp',)),
+    'FStarLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'FStar', ('fstar',), ('*.fst', '*.fsti'), ('text/x-fstar',)),
+    'FactorLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.factor', 'Factor', ('factor',), ('*.factor',), ('text/x-factor',)),
+    'FancyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Fancy', ('fancy', 'fy'), ('*.fy', '*.fancypack'), ('text/x-fancysrc',)),
+    'FantomLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fantom', 'Fantom', ('fan',), ('*.fan',), ('application/x-fantom',)),
+    'FelixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.felix', 'Felix', ('felix', 'flx'), ('*.flx', '*.flxh'), ('text/x-felix',)),
+    'FennelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Fennel', ('fennel', 'fnl'), ('*.fnl',), ()),
+    'FiftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fift', 'Fift', ('fift', 'fif'), ('*.fif',), ()),
+    'FishShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Fish', ('fish', 'fishshell'), ('*.fish', '*.load'), ('application/x-fish',)),
+    'FlatlineLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Flatline', ('flatline',), (), ('text/x-flatline',)),
+    'FloScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.floscript', 'FloScript', ('floscript', 'flo'), ('*.flo',), ()),
+    'ForthLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.forth', 'Forth', ('forth',), ('*.frt', '*.fs'), ('application/x-forth',)),
+    'FortranFixedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fortran', 'FortranFixed', ('fortranfixed',), ('*.f', '*.F'), ()),
+    'FortranLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fortran', 'Fortran', ('fortran', 'f90'), ('*.f03', '*.f90', '*.F03', '*.F90'), ('text/x-fortran',)),
+    'FoxProLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.foxpro', 'FoxPro', ('foxpro', 'vfp', 'clipper', 'xbase'), ('*.PRG', '*.prg'), ()),
+    'FreeFemLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.freefem', 'Freefem', ('freefem',), ('*.edp',), ('text/x-freefem',)),
+    'FuncLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.func', 'FunC', ('func', 'fc'), ('*.fc', '*.func'), ()),
+    'FutharkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.futhark', 'Futhark', ('futhark',), ('*.fut',), ('text/x-futhark',)),
+    'GAPConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'GAP session', ('gap-console', 'gap-repl'), ('*.tst',), ()),
+    'GAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'GAP', ('gap',), ('*.g', '*.gd', '*.gi', '*.gap'), ()),
+    'GDScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gdscript', 'GDScript', ('gdscript', 'gd'), ('*.gd',), ('text/x-gdscript', 'application/x-gdscript')),
+    'GLShaderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'GLSL', ('glsl',), ('*.vert', '*.frag', '*.geo'), ('text/x-glslsrc',)),
+    'GSQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gsql', 'GSQL', ('gsql',), ('*.gsql',), ()),
+    'GasLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'GAS', ('gas', 'asm'), ('*.s', '*.S'), ('text/x-gas',)),
+    'GcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gcodelexer', 'g-code', ('gcode',), ('*.gcode',), ()),
+    'GenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Genshi', ('genshi', 'kid', 'xml+genshi', 'xml+kid'), ('*.kid',), ('application/x-genshi', 'application/x-kid')),
+    'GenshiTextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Genshi Text', ('genshitext',), (), ('application/x-genshi-text', 'text/x-genshi')),
+    'GettextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Gettext Catalog', ('pot', 'po'), ('*.pot', '*.po'), ('application/x-gettext', 'text/x-gettext', 'text/gettext')),
+    'GherkinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.testing', 'Gherkin', ('gherkin', 'cucumber'), ('*.feature',), ('text/x-gherkin',)),
+    'GnuplotLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'Gnuplot', ('gnuplot',), ('*.plot', '*.plt'), ('text/x-gnuplot',)),
+    'GoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.go', 'Go', ('go', 'golang'), ('*.go',), ('text/x-gosrc',)),
+    'GoloLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Golo', ('golo',), ('*.golo',), ()),
+    'GoodDataCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'GoodData-CL', ('gooddata-cl',), ('*.gdc',), ('text/x-gooddata-cl',)),
+    'GosuLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Gosu', ('gosu',), ('*.gs', '*.gsx', '*.gsp', '*.vark'), ('text/x-gosu',)),
+    'GosuTemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Gosu Template', ('gst',), ('*.gst',), ('text/x-gosu-template',)),
+    'GraphvizLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphviz', 'Graphviz', ('graphviz', 'dot'), ('*.gv', '*.dot'), ('text/x-graphviz', 'text/vnd.graphviz')),
+    'GroffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Groff', ('groff', 'nroff', 'man'), ('*.[1-9]', '*.man', '*.1p', '*.3pm'), ('application/x-troff', 'text/troff')),
+    'GroovyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Groovy', ('groovy',), ('*.groovy', '*.gradle'), ('text/x-groovy',)),
+    'HLSLShaderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'HLSL', ('hlsl',), ('*.hlsl', '*.hlsli'), ('text/x-hlsl',)),
+    'HTMLUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'HTML+UL4', ('html+ul4',), ('*.htmlul4',), ()),
+    'HamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Haml', ('haml',), ('*.haml',), ('text/x-haml',)),
+    'HandlebarsHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Handlebars', ('html+handlebars',), ('*.handlebars', '*.hbs'), ('text/html+handlebars', 'text/x-handlebars-template')),
+    'HandlebarsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Handlebars', ('handlebars',), (), ()),
+    'HaskellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Haskell', ('haskell', 'hs'), ('*.hs',), ('text/x-haskell',)),
+    'HaxeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haxe', 'Haxe', ('haxe', 'hxsl', 'hx'), ('*.hx', '*.hxsl'), ('text/haxe', 'text/x-haxe', 'text/x-hx')),
+    'HexdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hexdump', 'Hexdump', ('hexdump',), (), ()),
+    'HsailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'HSAIL', ('hsail', 'hsa'), ('*.hsail',), ('text/x-hsail',)),
+    'HspecLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Hspec', ('hspec',), ('*Spec.hs',), ()),
+    'HtmlDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Django/Jinja', ('html+django', 'html+jinja', 'htmldjango'), ('*.html.j2', '*.htm.j2', '*.xhtml.j2', '*.html.jinja2', '*.htm.jinja2', '*.xhtml.jinja2'), ('text/html+django', 'text/html+jinja')),
+    'HtmlGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Genshi', ('html+genshi', 'html+kid'), (), ('text/html+genshi',)),
+    'HtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'HTML', ('html',), ('*.html', '*.htm', '*.xhtml', '*.xslt'), ('text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml')),
+    'HtmlPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+PHP', ('html+php',), ('*.phtml',), ('application/x-php', 'application/x-httpd-php', 'application/x-httpd-php3', 'application/x-httpd-php4', 'application/x-httpd-php5')),
+    'HtmlSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Smarty', ('html+smarty',), (), ('text/html+smarty',)),
+    'HttpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'HTTP', ('http',), (), ()),
+    'HxmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haxe', 'Hxml', ('haxeml', 'hxml'), ('*.hxml',), ()),
+    'HyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Hy', ('hylang',), ('*.hy',), ('text/x-hy', 'application/x-hy')),
+    'HybrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Hybris', ('hybris', 'hy'), ('*.hy', '*.hyb'), ('text/x-hybris', 'application/x-hybris')),
+    'IDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.idl', 'IDL', ('idl',), ('*.pro',), ('text/idl',)),
+    'IconLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'Icon', ('icon',), ('*.icon', '*.ICON'), ()),
+    'IdrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Idris', ('idris', 'idr'), ('*.idr',), ('text/x-idris',)),
+    'IgorLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.igor', 'Igor', ('igor', 'igorpro'), ('*.ipf',), ('text/ipf',)),
+    'Inform6Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 6', ('inform6', 'i6'), ('*.inf',), ()),
+    'Inform6TemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 6 template', ('i6t',), ('*.i6t',), ()),
+    'Inform7Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 7', ('inform7', 'i7'), ('*.ni', '*.i7x'), ()),
+    'IniLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'INI', ('ini', 'cfg', 'dosini'), ('*.ini', '*.cfg', '*.inf', '.editorconfig', '*.service', '*.socket', '*.device', '*.mount', '*.automount', '*.swap', '*.target', '*.path', '*.timer', '*.slice', '*.scope'), ('text/x-ini', 'text/inf')),
+    'IoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.iolang', 'Io', ('io',), ('*.io',), ('text/x-iosrc',)),
+    'IokeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Ioke', ('ioke', 'ik'), ('*.ik',), ('text/x-iokesrc',)),
+    'IrcLogsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'IRC logs', ('irc',), ('*.weechatlog',), ('text/x-irclog',)),
+    'IsabelleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Isabelle', ('isabelle',), ('*.thy',), ('text/x-isabelle',)),
+    'JLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.j', 'J', ('j',), ('*.ijs',), ('text/x-j',)),
+    'JMESPathLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jmespath', 'JMESPath', ('jmespath', 'jp'), ('*.jp',), ()),
+    'JSLTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jslt', 'JSLT', ('jslt',), ('*.jslt',), ('text/x-jslt',)),
+    'JagsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'JAGS', ('jags',), ('*.jag', '*.bug'), ()),
+    'JasminLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Jasmin', ('jasmin', 'jasminxt'), ('*.j',), ()),
+    'JavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Java', ('java',), ('*.java',), ('text/x-java',)),
+    'JavascriptDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja', ('javascript+django', 'js+django', 'javascript+jinja', 'js+jinja'), ('*.js.j2', '*.js.jinja2'), ('application/x-javascript+django', 'application/x-javascript+jinja', 'text/x-javascript+django', 'text/x-javascript+jinja', 'text/javascript+django', 'text/javascript+jinja')),
+    'JavascriptErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Ruby', ('javascript+ruby', 'js+ruby', 'javascript+erb', 'js+erb'), (), ('application/x-javascript+ruby', 'text/x-javascript+ruby', 'text/javascript+ruby')),
+    'JavascriptGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text', ('js+genshitext', 'js+genshi', 'javascript+genshitext', 'javascript+genshi'), (), ('application/x-javascript+genshi', 'text/x-javascript+genshi', 'text/javascript+genshi')),
+    'JavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'JavaScript', ('javascript', 'js'), ('*.js', '*.jsm', '*.mjs', '*.cjs'), ('application/javascript', 'application/x-javascript', 'text/x-javascript', 'text/javascript')),
+    'JavascriptPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+PHP', ('javascript+php', 'js+php'), (), ('application/x-javascript+php', 'text/x-javascript+php', 'text/javascript+php')),
+    'JavascriptSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Smarty', ('javascript+smarty', 'js+smarty'), (), ('application/x-javascript+smarty', 'text/x-javascript+smarty', 'text/javascript+smarty')),
+    'JavascriptUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'Javascript+UL4', ('js+ul4',), ('*.jsul4',), ()),
+    'JclLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'JCL', ('jcl',), ('*.jcl',), ('text/x-jcl',)),
+    'JsgfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'JSGF', ('jsgf',), ('*.jsgf',), ('application/jsgf', 'application/x-jsgf', 'text/jsgf')),
+    'JsonBareObjectLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSONBareObject', (), (), ()),
+    'JsonLdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSON-LD', ('jsonld', 'json-ld'), ('*.jsonld',), ('application/ld+json',)),
+    'JsonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSON', ('json', 'json-object'), ('*.json', 'Pipfile.lock'), ('application/json', 'application/json-object')),
+    'JsonnetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jsonnet', 'Jsonnet', ('jsonnet',), ('*.jsonnet', '*.libsonnet'), ()),
+    'JspLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Java Server Page', ('jsp',), ('*.jsp',), ('application/x-jsp',)),
+    'JuliaConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.julia', 'Julia console', ('jlcon', 'julia-repl'), (), ()),
+    'JuliaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.julia', 'Julia', ('julia', 'jl'), ('*.jl',), ('text/x-julia', 'application/x-julia')),
+    'JuttleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Juttle', ('juttle',), ('*.juttle',), ('application/juttle', 'application/x-juttle', 'text/x-juttle', 'text/juttle')),
+    'KLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.q', 'K', ('k',), ('*.k',), ()),
+    'KalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Kal', ('kal',), ('*.kal',), ('text/kal', 'application/kal')),
+    'KconfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Kconfig', ('kconfig', 'menuconfig', 'linux-config', 'kernel-config'), ('Kconfig*', '*Config.in*', 'external.in*', 'standard-modules.in'), ('text/x-kconfig',)),
+    'KernelLogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Kernel log', ('kmsg', 'dmesg'), ('*.kmsg', '*.dmesg'), ()),
+    'KokaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Koka', ('koka',), ('*.kk', '*.kki'), ('text/x-koka',)),
+    'KotlinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Kotlin', ('kotlin',), ('*.kt', '*.kts'), ('text/x-kotlin',)),
+    'KuinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.kuin', 'Kuin', ('kuin',), ('*.kn',), ()),
+    'LSLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'LSL', ('lsl',), ('*.lsl',), ('text/x-lsl',)),
+    'LassoCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Lasso', ('css+lasso',), (), ('text/css+lasso',)),
+    'LassoHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Lasso', ('html+lasso',), (), ('text/html+lasso', 'application/x-httpd-lasso', 'application/x-httpd-lasso[89]')),
+    'LassoJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Lasso', ('javascript+lasso', 'js+lasso'), (), ('application/x-javascript+lasso', 'text/x-javascript+lasso', 'text/javascript+lasso')),
+    'LassoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Lasso', ('lasso', 'lassoscript'), ('*.lasso', '*.lasso[89]'), ('text/x-lasso',)),
+    'LassoXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Lasso', ('xml+lasso',), (), ('application/xml+lasso',)),
+    'LeanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Lean', ('lean',), ('*.lean',), ('text/x-lean',)),
+    'LessCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'LessCss', ('less',), ('*.less',), ('text/x-less-css',)),
+    'LighttpdConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Lighttpd configuration file', ('lighttpd', 'lighty'), ('lighttpd.conf',), ('text/x-lighttpd-conf',)),
+    'LilyPondLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lilypond', 'LilyPond', ('lilypond',), ('*.ly',), ()),
+    'LimboLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.inferno', 'Limbo', ('limbo',), ('*.b',), ('text/limbo',)),
+    'LiquidLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'liquid', ('liquid',), ('*.liquid',), ()),
+    'LiterateAgdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Agda', ('literate-agda', 'lagda'), ('*.lagda',), ('text/x-literate-agda',)),
+    'LiterateCryptolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Cryptol', ('literate-cryptol', 'lcryptol', 'lcry'), ('*.lcry',), ('text/x-literate-cryptol',)),
+    'LiterateHaskellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Haskell', ('literate-haskell', 'lhaskell', 'lhs'), ('*.lhs',), ('text/x-literate-haskell',)),
+    'LiterateIdrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Idris', ('literate-idris', 'lidris', 'lidr'), ('*.lidr',), ('text/x-literate-idris',)),
+    'LiveScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'LiveScript', ('livescript', 'live-script'), ('*.ls',), ('text/livescript',)),
+    'LlvmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM', ('llvm',), ('*.ll',), ('text/x-llvm',)),
+    'LlvmMirBodyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM-MIR Body', ('llvm-mir-body',), (), ()),
+    'LlvmMirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM-MIR', ('llvm-mir',), ('*.mir',), ()),
+    'LogosLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Logos', ('logos',), ('*.x', '*.xi', '*.xm', '*.xmi'), ('text/x-logos',)),
+    'LogtalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prolog', 'Logtalk', ('logtalk',), ('*.lgt', '*.logtalk'), ('text/x-logtalk',)),
+    'LuaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Lua', ('lua',), ('*.lua', '*.wlua'), ('text/x-lua', 'application/x-lua')),
+    'MCFunctionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'MCFunction', ('mcfunction', 'mcf'), ('*.mcfunction',), ('text/mcfunction',)),
+    'MCSchemaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'MCSchema', ('mcschema',), ('*.mcschema',), ('text/mcschema',)),
+    'MIMELexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mime', 'MIME', ('mime',), (), ('multipart/mixed', 'multipart/related', 'multipart/alternative')),
+    'MIPSLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mips', 'MIPS', ('mips',), ('*.mips', '*.MIPS'), ()),
+    'MOOCodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MOOCode', ('moocode', 'moo'), ('*.moo',), ('text/x-moocode',)),
+    'MSDOSSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'MSDOS Session', ('doscon',), (), ()),
+    'Macaulay2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.macaulay2', 'Macaulay2', ('macaulay2',), ('*.m2',), ()),
+    'MakefileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'Makefile', ('make', 'makefile', 'mf', 'bsdmake'), ('*.mak', '*.mk', 'Makefile', 'makefile', 'Makefile.*', 'GNUmakefile'), ('text/x-makefile',)),
+    'MakoCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Mako', ('css+mako',), (), ('text/css+mako',)),
+    'MakoHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Mako', ('html+mako',), (), ('text/html+mako',)),
+    'MakoJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Mako', ('javascript+mako', 'js+mako'), (), ('application/x-javascript+mako', 'text/x-javascript+mako', 'text/javascript+mako')),
+    'MakoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Mako', ('mako',), ('*.mao',), ('application/x-mako',)),
+    'MakoXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Mako', ('xml+mako',), (), ('application/xml+mako',)),
+    'MaqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'MAQL', ('maql',), ('*.maql',), ('text/x-gooddata-maql', 'application/x-gooddata-maql')),
+    'MarkdownLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Markdown', ('markdown', 'md'), ('*.md', '*.markdown'), ('text/x-markdown',)),
+    'MaskLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Mask', ('mask',), ('*.mask',), ('text/x-mask',)),
+    'MasonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Mason', ('mason',), ('*.m', '*.mhtml', '*.mc', '*.mi', 'autohandler', 'dhandler'), ('application/x-mason',)),
+    'MathematicaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'Mathematica', ('mathematica', 'mma', 'nb'), ('*.nb', '*.cdf', '*.nbp', '*.ma'), ('application/mathematica', 'application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica', 'application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica.package', 'application/vnd.wolfram.cdf')),
+    'MatlabLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Matlab', ('matlab',), ('*.m',), ('text/matlab',)),
+    'MatlabSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Matlab session', ('matlabsession',), (), ()),
+    'MaximaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.maxima', 'Maxima', ('maxima', 'macsyma'), ('*.mac', '*.max'), ()),
+    'MesonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.meson', 'Meson', ('meson', 'meson.build'), ('meson.build', 'meson_options.txt'), ('text/x-meson',)),
+    'MiniDLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'MiniD', ('minid',), (), ('text/x-minidsrc',)),
+    'MiniScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MiniScript', ('miniscript', 'ms'), ('*.ms',), ('text/x-minicript', 'application/x-miniscript')),
+    'ModelicaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'Modelica', ('modelica',), ('*.mo',), ('text/x-modelica',)),
+    'Modula2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modula2', 'Modula-2', ('modula2', 'm2'), ('*.def', '*.mod'), ('text/x-modula2',)),
+    'MoinWikiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup', ('trac-wiki', 'moin'), (), ('text/x-trac-wiki',)),
+    'MonkeyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'Monkey', ('monkey',), ('*.monkey',), ('text/x-monkey',)),
+    'MonteLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.monte', 'Monte', ('monte',), ('*.mt',), ()),
+    'MoonScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MoonScript', ('moonscript', 'moon'), ('*.moon',), ('text/x-moonscript', 'application/x-moonscript')),
+    'MoselLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mosel', 'Mosel', ('mosel',), ('*.mos',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'CSS+mozpreproc', ('css+mozpreproc',), ('*.css.in',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocHashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'mozhashpreproc', ('mozhashpreproc',), (), ()),
+    'MozPreprocJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Javascript+mozpreproc', ('javascript+mozpreproc',), ('*.js.in',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocPercentLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'mozpercentpreproc', ('mozpercentpreproc',), (), ()),
+    'MozPreprocXulLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'XUL+mozpreproc', ('xul+mozpreproc',), ('*.xul.in',), ()),
+    'MqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'MQL', ('mql', 'mq4', 'mq5', 'mql4', 'mql5'), ('*.mq4', '*.mq5', '*.mqh'), ('text/x-mql',)),
+    'MscgenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Mscgen', ('mscgen', 'msc'), ('*.msc',), ()),
+    'MuPADLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'MuPAD', ('mupad',), ('*.mu',), ()),
+    'MxmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'MXML', ('mxml',), ('*.mxml',), ()),
+    'MySqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'MySQL', ('mysql',), (), ('text/x-mysql',)),
+    'MyghtyCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Myghty', ('css+myghty',), (), ('text/css+myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Myghty', ('html+myghty',), (), ('text/html+myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Myghty', ('javascript+myghty', 'js+myghty'), (), ('application/x-javascript+myghty', 'text/x-javascript+myghty', 'text/javascript+mygthy')),
+    'MyghtyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Myghty', ('myghty',), ('*.myt', 'autodelegate'), ('application/x-myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Myghty', ('xml+myghty',), (), ('application/xml+myghty',)),
+    'NCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ncl', 'NCL', ('ncl',), ('*.ncl',), ('text/ncl',)),
+    'NSISLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'NSIS', ('nsis', 'nsi', 'nsh'), ('*.nsi', '*.nsh'), ('text/x-nsis',)),
+    'NasmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'NASM', ('nasm',), ('*.asm', '*.ASM', '*.nasm'), ('text/x-nasm',)),
+    'NasmObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'objdump-nasm', ('objdump-nasm',), ('*.objdump-intel',), ('text/x-nasm-objdump',)),
+    'NemerleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'Nemerle', ('nemerle',), ('*.n',), ('text/x-nemerle',)),
+    'NesCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'nesC', ('nesc',), ('*.nc',), ('text/x-nescsrc',)),
+    'NestedTextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'NestedText', ('nestedtext', 'nt'), ('*.nt',), ()),
+    'NewLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'NewLisp', ('newlisp',), ('*.lsp', '*.nl', '*.kif'), ('text/x-newlisp', 'application/x-newlisp')),
+    'NewspeakLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smalltalk', 'Newspeak', ('newspeak',), ('*.ns2',), ('text/x-newspeak',)),
+    'NginxConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Nginx configuration file', ('nginx',), ('nginx.conf',), ('text/x-nginx-conf',)),
+    'NimrodLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nimrod', 'Nimrod', ('nimrod', 'nim'), ('*.nim', '*.nimrod'), ('text/x-nim',)),
+    'NitLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nit', 'Nit', ('nit',), ('*.nit',), ()),
+    'NixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nix', 'Nix', ('nixos', 'nix'), ('*.nix',), ('text/x-nix',)),
+    'NodeConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Node.js REPL console session', ('nodejsrepl',), (), ('text/x-nodejsrepl',)),
+    'NotmuchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Notmuch', ('notmuch',), (), ()),
+    'NuSMVLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smv', 'NuSMV', ('nusmv',), ('*.smv',), ()),
+    'NumPyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'NumPy', ('numpy',), (), ()),
+    'ObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'objdump', ('objdump',), ('*.objdump',), ('text/x-objdump',)),
+    'ObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Objective-C', ('objective-c', 'objectivec', 'obj-c', 'objc'), ('*.m', '*.h'), ('text/x-objective-c',)),
+    'ObjectiveCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Objective-C++', ('objective-c++', 'objectivec++', 'obj-c++', 'objc++'), ('*.mm', '*.hh'), ('text/x-objective-c++',)),
+    'ObjectiveJLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Objective-J', ('objective-j', 'objectivej', 'obj-j', 'objj'), ('*.j',), ('text/x-objective-j',)),
+    'OcamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'OCaml', ('ocaml',), ('*.ml', '*.mli', '*.mll', '*.mly'), ('text/x-ocaml',)),
+    'OctaveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Octave', ('octave',), ('*.m',), ('text/octave',)),
+    'OdinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'ODIN', ('odin',), ('*.odin',), ('text/odin',)),
+    'OmgIdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'OMG Interface Definition Language', ('omg-idl',), ('*.idl', '*.pidl'), ()),
+    'OocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ooc', 'Ooc', ('ooc',), ('*.ooc',), ('text/x-ooc',)),
+    'OpaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'Opa', ('opa',), ('*.opa',), ('text/x-opa',)),
+    'OpenEdgeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'OpenEdge ABL', ('openedge', 'abl', 'progress'), ('*.p', '*.cls'), ('text/x-openedge', 'application/x-openedge')),
+    'OutputLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Text output', ('output',), (), ()),
+    'PacmanConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'PacmanConf', ('pacmanconf',), ('pacman.conf',), ()),
+    'PanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Pan', ('pan',), ('*.pan',), ()),
+    'ParaSailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parasail', 'ParaSail', ('parasail',), ('*.psi', '*.psl'), ('text/x-parasail',)),
+    'PawnLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pawn', 'Pawn', ('pawn',), ('*.p', '*.pwn', '*.inc'), ('text/x-pawn',)),
+    'PegLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'PEG', ('peg',), ('*.peg',), ('text/x-peg',)),
+    'Perl6Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.perl', 'Perl6', ('perl6', 'pl6', 'raku'), ('*.pl', '*.pm', '*.nqp', '*.p6', '*.6pl', '*.p6l', '*.pl6', '*.6pm', '*.p6m', '*.pm6', '*.t', '*.raku', '*.rakumod', '*.rakutest', '*.rakudoc'), ('text/x-perl6', 'application/x-perl6')),
+    'PerlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.perl', 'Perl', ('perl', 'pl'), ('*.pl', '*.pm', '*.t', '*.perl'), ('text/x-perl', 'application/x-perl')),
+    'PhixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.phix', 'Phix', ('phix',), ('*.exw',), ('text/x-phix',)),
+    'PhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'PHP', ('php', 'php3', 'php4', 'php5'), ('*.php', '*.php[345]', '*.inc'), ('text/x-php',)),
+    'PigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Pig', ('pig',), ('*.pig',), ('text/x-pig',)),
+    'PikeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Pike', ('pike',), ('*.pike', '*.pmod'), ('text/x-pike',)),
+    'PkgConfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'PkgConfig', ('pkgconfig',), ('*.pc',), ()),
+    'PlPgsqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PL/pgSQL', ('plpgsql',), (), ('text/x-plpgsql',)),
+    'PointlessLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pointless', 'Pointless', ('pointless',), ('*.ptls',), ()),
+    'PonyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pony', 'Pony', ('pony',), ('*.pony',), ()),
+    'PortugolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pascal', 'Portugol', ('portugol',), ('*.alg', '*.portugol'), ()),
+    'PostScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'PostScript', ('postscript', 'postscr'), ('*.ps', '*.eps'), ('application/postscript',)),
+    'PostgresConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)', ('psql', 'postgresql-console', 'postgres-console'), (), ('text/x-postgresql-psql',)),
+    'PostgresExplainLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL EXPLAIN dialect', ('postgres-explain',), ('*.explain',), ('text/x-postgresql-explain',)),
+    'PostgresLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect', ('postgresql', 'postgres'), (), ('text/x-postgresql',)),
+    'PovrayLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'POVRay', ('pov',), ('*.pov', '*.inc'), ('text/x-povray',)),
+    'PowerShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'PowerShell', ('powershell', 'pwsh', 'posh', 'ps1', 'psm1'), ('*.ps1', '*.psm1'), ('text/x-powershell',)),
+    'PowerShellSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'PowerShell Session', ('pwsh-session', 'ps1con'), (), ()),
+    'PraatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.praat', 'Praat', ('praat',), ('*.praat', '*.proc', '*.psc'), ()),
+    'ProcfileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.procfile', 'Procfile', ('procfile',), ('Procfile',), ()),
+    'PrologLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prolog', 'Prolog', ('prolog',), ('*.ecl', '*.prolog', '*.pro', '*.pl'), ('text/x-prolog',)),
+    'PromQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.promql', 'PromQL', ('promql',), ('*.promql',), ()),
+    'PropertiesLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Properties', ('properties', 'jproperties'), ('*.properties',), ('text/x-java-properties',)),
+    'ProtoBufLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Protocol Buffer', ('protobuf', 'proto'), ('*.proto',), ()),
+    'PsyshConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'PsySH console session for PHP', ('psysh',), (), ()),
+    'PugLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Pug', ('pug', 'jade'), ('*.pug', '*.jade'), ('text/x-pug', 'text/x-jade')),
+    'PuppetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Puppet', ('puppet',), ('*.pp',), ()),
+    'PyPyLogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.console', 'PyPy Log', ('pypylog', 'pypy'), ('*.pypylog',), ('application/x-pypylog',)),
+    'Python2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python 2.x', ('python2', 'py2'), (), ('text/x-python2', 'application/x-python2')),
+    'Python2TracebackLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python 2.x Traceback', ('py2tb',), ('*.py2tb',), ('text/x-python2-traceback',)),
+    'PythonConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python console session', ('pycon',), (), ('text/x-python-doctest',)),
+    'PythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python', ('python', 'py', 'sage', 'python3', 'py3'), ('*.py', '*.pyw', '*.pyi', '*.jy', '*.sage', '*.sc', 'SConstruct', 'SConscript', '*.bzl', 'BUCK', 'BUILD', 'BUILD.bazel', 'WORKSPACE', '*.tac'), ('text/x-python', 'application/x-python', 'text/x-python3', 'application/x-python3')),
+    'PythonTracebackLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python Traceback', ('pytb', 'py3tb'), ('*.pytb', '*.py3tb'), ('text/x-python-traceback', 'text/x-python3-traceback')),
+    'PythonUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'Python+UL4', ('py+ul4',), ('*.pyul4',), ()),
+    'QBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'QBasic', ('qbasic', 'basic'), ('*.BAS', '*.bas'), ('text/basic',)),
+    'QLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.q', 'Q', ('q',), ('*.q',), ()),
+    'QVToLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.qvt', 'QVTO', ('qvto', 'qvt'), ('*.qvto',), ()),
+    'QlikLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.qlik', 'Qlik', ('qlik', 'qlikview', 'qliksense', 'qlikscript'), ('*.qvs', '*.qvw'), ()),
+    'QmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'QML', ('qml', 'qbs'), ('*.qml', '*.qbs'), ('application/x-qml', 'application/x-qt.qbs+qml')),
+    'RConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'RConsole', ('rconsole', 'rout'), ('*.Rout',), ()),
+    'RNCCompactLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rnc', 'Relax-NG Compact', ('rng-compact', 'rnc'), ('*.rnc',), ()),
+    'RPMSpecLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'RPMSpec', ('spec',), ('*.spec',), ('text/x-rpm-spec',)),
+    'RacketLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Racket', ('racket', 'rkt'), ('*.rkt', '*.rktd', '*.rktl'), ('text/x-racket', 'application/x-racket')),
+    'RagelCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in C Host', ('ragel-c',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in CPP Host', ('ragel-cpp',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelDLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in D Host', ('ragel-d',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelEmbeddedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Embedded Ragel', ('ragel-em',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelJavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Java Host', ('ragel-java',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel', ('ragel',), (), ()),
+    'RagelObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Objective C Host', ('ragel-objc',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelRubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Ruby Host', ('ragel-ruby', 'ragel-rb'), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RawTokenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Raw token data', (), (), ('application/x-pygments-tokens',)),
+    'RdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'Rd', ('rd',), ('*.Rd',), ('text/x-r-doc',)),
+    'ReasonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'ReasonML', ('reasonml', 'reason'), ('*.re', '*.rei'), ('text/x-reasonml',)),
+    'RebolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rebol', 'REBOL', ('rebol',), ('*.r', '*.r3', '*.reb'), ('text/x-rebol',)),
+    'RedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rebol', 'Red', ('red', 'red/system'), ('*.red', '*.reds'), ('text/x-red', 'text/x-red-system')),
+    'RedcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Redcode', ('redcode',), ('*.cw',), ()),
+    'RegeditLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'reg', ('registry',), ('*.reg',), ('text/x-windows-registry',)),
+    'ResourceLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.resource', 'ResourceBundle', ('resourcebundle', 'resource'), (), ()),
+    'RexxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Rexx', ('rexx', 'arexx'), ('*.rexx', '*.rex', '*.rx', '*.arexx'), ('text/x-rexx',)),
+    'RhtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'RHTML', ('rhtml', 'html+erb', 'html+ruby'), ('*.rhtml',), ('text/html+ruby',)),
+    'RideLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ride', 'Ride', ('ride',), ('*.ride',), ('text/x-ride',)),
+    'RitaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rita', 'Rita', ('rita',), ('*.rita',), ('text/rita',)),
+    'RoboconfGraphLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.roboconf', 'Roboconf Graph', ('roboconf-graph',), ('*.graph',), ()),
+    'RoboconfInstancesLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.roboconf', 'Roboconf Instances', ('roboconf-instances',), ('*.instances',), ()),
+    'RobotFrameworkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.robotframework', 'RobotFramework', ('robotframework',), ('*.robot', '*.resource'), ('text/x-robotframework',)),
+    'RqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'RQL', ('rql',), ('*.rql',), ('text/x-rql',)),
+    'RslLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'RSL', ('rsl',), ('*.rsl',), ('text/rsl',)),
+    'RstLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'reStructuredText', ('restructuredtext', 'rst', 'rest'), ('*.rst', '*.rest'), ('text/x-rst', 'text/prs.fallenstein.rst')),
+    'RtsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.trafficscript', 'TrafficScript', ('trafficscript', 'rts'), ('*.rts',), ()),
+    'RubyConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Ruby irb session', ('rbcon', 'irb'), (), ('text/x-ruby-shellsession',)),
+    'RubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Ruby', ('ruby', 'rb', 'duby'), ('*.rb', '*.rbw', 'Rakefile', '*.rake', '*.gemspec', '*.rbx', '*.duby', 'Gemfile', 'Vagrantfile'), ('text/x-ruby', 'application/x-ruby')),
+    'RustLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rust', 'Rust', ('rust', 'rs'), ('*.rs', '*.rs.in'), ('text/rust', 'text/x-rust')),
+    'SASLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sas', 'SAS', ('sas',), ('*.SAS', '*.sas'), ('text/x-sas', 'text/sas', 'application/x-sas')),
+    'SLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'S', ('splus', 's', 'r'), ('*.S', '*.R', '.Rhistory', '.Rprofile', '.Renviron'), ('text/S-plus', 'text/S', 'text/x-r-source', 'text/x-r', 'text/x-R', 'text/x-r-history', 'text/x-r-profile')),
+    'SMLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'Standard ML', ('sml',), ('*.sml', '*.sig', '*.fun'), ('text/x-standardml', 'application/x-standardml')),
+    'SNBTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'SNBT', ('snbt',), ('*.snbt',), ('text/snbt',)),
+    'SarlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'SARL', ('sarl',), ('*.sarl',), ('text/x-sarl',)),
+    'SassLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'Sass', ('sass',), ('*.sass',), ('text/x-sass',)),
+    'SaviLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.savi', 'Savi', ('savi',), ('*.savi',), ()),
+    'ScalaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Scala', ('scala',), ('*.scala',), ('text/x-scala',)),
+    'ScamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Scaml', ('scaml',), ('*.scaml',), ('text/x-scaml',)),
+    'ScdocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scdoc', 'scdoc', ('scdoc', 'scd'), ('*.scd', '*.scdoc'), ()),
+    'SchemeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Scheme', ('scheme', 'scm'), ('*.scm', '*.ss'), ('text/x-scheme', 'application/x-scheme')),
+    'ScilabLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Scilab', ('scilab',), ('*.sci', '*.sce', '*.tst'), ('text/scilab',)),
+    'ScssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'SCSS', ('scss',), ('*.scss',), ('text/x-scss',)),
+    'SedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'Sed', ('sed', 'gsed', 'ssed'), ('*.sed', '*.[gs]sed'), ('text/x-sed',)),
+    'ShExCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'ShExC', ('shexc', 'shex'), ('*.shex',), ('text/shex',)),
+    'ShenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Shen', ('shen',), ('*.shen',), ('text/x-shen', 'application/x-shen')),
+    'SieveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sieve', 'Sieve', ('sieve',), ('*.siv', '*.sieve'), ()),
+    'SilverLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verification', 'Silver', ('silver',), ('*.sil', '*.vpr'), ()),
+    'SingularityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Singularity', ('singularity',), ('*.def', 'Singularity'), ()),
+    'SlashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.slash', 'Slash', ('slash',), ('*.sla',), ()),
+    'SlimLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Slim', ('slim',), ('*.slim',), ('text/x-slim',)),
+    'SlurmBashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Slurm', ('slurm', 'sbatch'), ('*.sl',), ()),
+    'SmaliLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dalvik', 'Smali', ('smali',), ('*.smali',), ('text/smali',)),
+    'SmalltalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smalltalk', 'Smalltalk', ('smalltalk', 'squeak', 'st'), ('*.st',), ('text/x-smalltalk',)),
+    'SmartGameFormatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sgf', 'SmartGameFormat', ('sgf',), ('*.sgf',), ()),
+    'SmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Smarty', ('smarty',), ('*.tpl',), ('application/x-smarty',)),
+    'SmithyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smithy', 'Smithy', ('smithy',), ('*.smithy',), ()),
+    'SnobolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.snobol', 'Snobol', ('snobol',), ('*.snobol',), ('text/x-snobol',)),
+    'SnowballLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Snowball', ('snowball',), ('*.sbl',), ()),
+    'SolidityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.solidity', 'Solidity', ('solidity',), ('*.sol',), ()),
+    'SophiaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sophia', 'Sophia', ('sophia',), ('*.aes',), ()),
+    'SourcePawnLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pawn', 'SourcePawn', ('sp',), ('*.sp',), ('text/x-sourcepawn',)),
+    'SourcesListLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'Debian Sourcelist', ('debsources', 'sourceslist', 'sources.list'), ('sources.list',), ()),
+    'SparqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'SPARQL', ('sparql',), ('*.rq', '*.sparql'), ('application/sparql-query',)),
+    'SpiceLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.spice', 'Spice', ('spice', 'spicelang'), ('*.spice',), ('text/x-spice',)),
+    'SqlJinjaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'SQL+Jinja', ('sql+jinja',), ('*.sql', '*.sql.j2', '*.sql.jinja2'), ()),
+    'SqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'SQL', ('sql',), ('*.sql',), ('text/x-sql',)),
+    'SqliteConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'sqlite3con', ('sqlite3',), ('*.sqlite3-console',), ('text/x-sqlite3-console',)),
+    'SquidConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'SquidConf', ('squidconf', 'squid.conf', 'squid'), ('squid.conf',), ('text/x-squidconf',)),
+    'SrcinfoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.srcinfo', 'Srcinfo', ('srcinfo',), ('.SRCINFO',), ()),
+    'SspLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Scalate Server Page', ('ssp',), ('*.ssp',), ('application/x-ssp',)),
+    'StanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'Stan', ('stan',), ('*.stan',), ()),
+    'StataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.stata', 'Stata', ('stata', 'do'), ('*.do', '*.ado'), ('text/x-stata', 'text/stata', 'application/x-stata')),
+    'SuperColliderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.supercollider', 'SuperCollider', ('supercollider', 'sc'), ('*.sc', '*.scd'), ('application/supercollider', 'text/supercollider')),
+    'SwiftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Swift', ('swift',), ('*.swift',), ('text/x-swift',)),
+    'SwigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'SWIG', ('swig',), ('*.swg', '*.i'), ('text/swig',)),
+    'SystemVerilogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'systemverilog', ('systemverilog', 'sv'), ('*.sv', '*.svh'), ('text/x-systemverilog',)),
+    'TAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.testing', 'TAP', ('tap',), ('*.tap',), ()),
+    'TNTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tnt', 'Typographic Number Theory', ('tnt',), ('*.tnt',), ()),
+    'TOMLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'TOML', ('toml',), ('*.toml', 'Pipfile', 'poetry.lock'), ()),
+    'Tads3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'TADS 3', ('tads3',), ('*.t',), ()),
+    'TalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tal', 'Tal', ('tal', 'uxntal'), ('*.tal',), ('text/x-uxntal',)),
+    'TasmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'TASM', ('tasm',), ('*.asm', '*.ASM', '*.tasm'), ('text/x-tasm',)),
+    'TclLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tcl', 'Tcl', ('tcl',), ('*.tcl', '*.rvt'), ('text/x-tcl', 'text/x-script.tcl', 'application/x-tcl')),
+    'TcshLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Tcsh', ('tcsh', 'csh'), ('*.tcsh', '*.csh'), ('application/x-csh',)),
+    'TcshSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Tcsh Session', ('tcshcon',), (), ()),
+    'TeaTemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Tea', ('tea',), ('*.tea',), ('text/x-tea',)),
+    'TealLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.teal', 'teal', ('teal',), ('*.teal',), ()),
+    'TeraTermLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.teraterm', 'Tera Term macro', ('teratermmacro', 'teraterm', 'ttl'), ('*.ttl',), ('text/x-teratermmacro',)),
+    'TermcapLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Termcap', ('termcap',), ('termcap', 'termcap.src'), ()),
+    'TerminfoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Terminfo', ('terminfo',), ('terminfo', 'terminfo.src'), ()),
+    'TerraformLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Terraform', ('terraform', 'tf', 'hcl'), ('*.tf', '*.hcl'), ('application/x-tf', 'application/x-terraform')),
+    'TexLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'TeX', ('tex', 'latex'), ('*.tex', '*.aux', '*.toc'), ('text/x-tex', 'text/x-latex')),
+    'TextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Text only', ('text',), ('*.txt',), ('text/plain',)),
+    'ThingsDBLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.thingsdb', 'ThingsDB', ('ti', 'thingsdb'), ('*.ti',), ()),
+    'ThriftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Thrift', ('thrift',), ('*.thrift',), ('application/x-thrift',)),
+    'TiddlyWiki5Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'tiddler', ('tid',), ('*.tid',), ('text/vnd.tiddlywiki',)),
+    'TlbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tlb', 'Tl-b', ('tlb',), ('*.tlb',), ()),
+    'TodotxtLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Todotxt', ('todotxt',), ('todo.txt', '*.todotxt'), ('text/x-todo',)),
+    'TransactSqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'Transact-SQL', ('tsql', 't-sql'), ('*.sql',), ('text/x-tsql',)),
+    'TreetopLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Treetop', ('treetop',), ('*.treetop', '*.tt'), ()),
+    'TurtleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'Turtle', ('turtle',), ('*.ttl',), ('text/turtle', 'application/x-turtle')),
+    'TwigHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Twig', ('html+twig',), ('*.twig',), ('text/html+twig',)),
+    'TwigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Twig', ('twig',), (), ('application/x-twig',)),
+    'TypeScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'TypeScript', ('typescript', 'ts'), ('*.ts',), ('application/x-typescript', 'text/x-typescript')),
+    'TypoScriptCssDataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScriptCssData', ('typoscriptcssdata',), (), ()),
+    'TypoScriptHtmlDataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScriptHtmlData', ('typoscripthtmldata',), (), ()),
+    'TypoScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScript', ('typoscript',), ('*.typoscript',), ('text/x-typoscript',)),
+    'UL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'UL4', ('ul4',), ('*.ul4',), ()),
+    'UcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'ucode', ('ucode',), ('*.u', '*.u1', '*.u2'), ()),
+    'UniconLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'Unicon', ('unicon',), ('*.icn',), ('text/unicon',)),
+    'UnixConfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Unix/Linux config files', ('unixconfig', 'linuxconfig'), (), ()),
+    'UrbiscriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.urbi', 'UrbiScript', ('urbiscript',), ('*.u',), ('application/x-urbiscript',)),
+    'UsdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.usd', 'USD', ('usd', 'usda'), ('*.usd', '*.usda'), ()),
+    'VBScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'VBScript', ('vbscript',), ('*.vbs', '*.VBS'), ()),
+    'VCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.varnish', 'VCL', ('vcl',), ('*.vcl',), ('text/x-vclsrc',)),
+    'VCLSnippetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.varnish', 'VCLSnippets', ('vclsnippets', 'vclsnippet'), (), ('text/x-vclsnippet',)),
+    'VCTreeStatusLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.console', 'VCTreeStatus', ('vctreestatus',), (), ()),
+    'VGLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'VGL', ('vgl',), ('*.rpf',), ()),
+    'ValaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Vala', ('vala', 'vapi'), ('*.vala', '*.vapi'), ('text/x-vala',)),
+    'VbNetAspxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'aspx-vb', ('aspx-vb',), ('*.aspx', '*.asax', '*.ascx', '*.ashx', '*.asmx', '*.axd'), ()),
+    'VbNetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'VB.net', ('vb.net', 'vbnet', 'lobas', 'oobas', 'sobas'), ('*.vb', '*.bas'), ('text/x-vbnet', 'text/x-vba')),
+    'VelocityHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Velocity', ('html+velocity',), (), ('text/html+velocity',)),
+    'VelocityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Velocity', ('velocity',), ('*.vm', '*.fhtml'), ()),
+    'VelocityXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Velocity', ('xml+velocity',), (), ('application/xml+velocity',)),
+    'VerilogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'verilog', ('verilog', 'v'), ('*.v',), ('text/x-verilog',)),
+    'VhdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'vhdl', ('vhdl',), ('*.vhdl', '*.vhd'), ('text/x-vhdl',)),
+    'VimLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'VimL', ('vim',), ('*.vim', '.vimrc', '.exrc', '.gvimrc', '_vimrc', '_exrc', '_gvimrc', 'vimrc', 'gvimrc'), ('text/x-vim',)),
+    'WDiffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'WDiff', ('wdiff',), ('*.wdiff',), ()),
+    'WatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webassembly', 'WebAssembly', ('wast', 'wat'), ('*.wat', '*.wast'), ()),
+    'WebIDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webidl', 'Web IDL', ('webidl',), ('*.webidl',), ()),
+    'WgslLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wgsl', 'WebGPU Shading Language', ('wgsl',), ('*.wgsl',), ('text/wgsl',)),
+    'WhileyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.whiley', 'Whiley', ('whiley',), ('*.whiley',), ('text/x-whiley',)),
+    'WikitextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Wikitext', ('wikitext', 'mediawiki'), (), ('text/x-wiki',)),
+    'WoWTocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wowtoc', 'World of Warcraft TOC', ('wowtoc',), ('*.toc',), ()),
+    'WrenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wren', 'Wren', ('wren',), ('*.wren',), ()),
+    'X10Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.x10', 'X10', ('x10', 'xten'), ('*.x10',), ('text/x-x10',)),
+    'XMLUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'XML+UL4', ('xml+ul4',), ('*.xmlul4',), ()),
+    'XQueryLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'XQuery', ('xquery', 'xqy', 'xq', 'xql', 'xqm'), ('*.xqy', '*.xquery', '*.xq', '*.xql', '*.xqm'), ('text/xquery', 'application/xquery')),
+    'XmlDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Django/Jinja', ('xml+django', 'xml+jinja'), ('*.xml.j2', '*.xml.jinja2'), ('application/xml+django', 'application/xml+jinja')),
+    'XmlErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Ruby', ('xml+ruby', 'xml+erb'), (), ('application/xml+ruby',)),
+    'XmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'XML', ('xml',), ('*.xml', '*.xsl', '*.rss', '*.xslt', '*.xsd', '*.wsdl', '*.wsf'), ('text/xml', 'application/xml', 'image/svg+xml', 'application/rss+xml', 'application/atom+xml')),
+    'XmlPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+PHP', ('xml+php',), (), ('application/xml+php',)),
+    'XmlSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Smarty', ('xml+smarty',), (), ('application/xml+smarty',)),
+    'XorgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.xorg', 'Xorg', ('xorg.conf',), ('xorg.conf',), ()),
+    'XppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'X++', ('xpp', 'x++'), ('*.xpp',), ()),
+    'XsltLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'XSLT', ('xslt',), ('*.xsl', '*.xslt', '*.xpl'), ('application/xsl+xml', 'application/xslt+xml')),
+    'XtendLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Xtend', ('xtend',), ('*.xtend',), ('text/x-xtend',)),
+    'XtlangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'xtlang', ('extempore',), ('*.xtm',), ()),
+    'YamlJinjaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'YAML+Jinja', ('yaml+jinja', 'salt', 'sls'), ('*.sls', '*.yaml.j2', '*.yml.j2', '*.yaml.jinja2', '*.yml.jinja2'), ('text/x-yaml+jinja', 'text/x-sls')),
+    'YamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'YAML', ('yaml',), ('*.yaml', '*.yml'), ('text/x-yaml',)),
+    'YangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.yang', 'YANG', ('yang',), ('*.yang',), ('application/yang',)),
+    'ZeekLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Zeek', ('zeek', 'bro'), ('*.zeek', '*.bro'), ()),
+    'ZephirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'Zephir', ('zephir',), ('*.zep',), ()),
+    'ZigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.zig', 'Zig', ('zig',), ('*.zig',), ('text/zig',)),
+    'apdlexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.apdlexer', 'ANSYS parametric design language', ('ansys', 'apdl'), ('*.ans',), ()),
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9bf2d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexers.python
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Lexers for Python and related languages.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import keyword
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import DelegatingLexer, Lexer, RegexLexer, include, \
+    bygroups, using, default, words, combined, do_insertions, this, line_re
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, shebang_matches
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text, Comment, Operator, Keyword, Name, String, \
+    Number, Punctuation, Generic, Other, Error, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments import unistring as uni
+
+__all__ = ['PythonLexer', 'PythonConsoleLexer', 'PythonTracebackLexer',
+           'Python2Lexer', 'Python2TracebackLexer',
+           'CythonLexer', 'DgLexer', 'NumPyLexer']
+
+
+class PythonLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python source code (version 3.x).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This is now the default ``PythonLexer``.  It is still available as the
+       alias ``Python3Lexer``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python'
+    url = 'http://www.python.org'
+    aliases = ['python', 'py', 'sage', 'python3', 'py3']
+    filenames = [
+        '*.py',
+        '*.pyw',
+        # Type stubs
+        '*.pyi',
+        # Jython
+        '*.jy',
+        # Sage
+        '*.sage',
+        # SCons
+        '*.sc',
+        'SConstruct',
+        'SConscript',
+        # Skylark/Starlark (used by Bazel, Buck, and Pants)
+        '*.bzl',
+        'BUCK',
+        'BUILD',
+        'BUILD.bazel',
+        'WORKSPACE',
+        # Twisted Application infrastructure
+        '*.tac',
+    ]
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python', 'application/x-python',
+                 'text/x-python3', 'application/x-python3']
+
+    uni_name = "[%s][%s]*" % (uni.xid_start, uni.xid_continue)
+
+    def innerstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # the old style '%s' % (...) string formatting (still valid in Py3)
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsaux%]', String.Interpol),
+            # the new style '{}'.format(...) string formatting
+            (r'\{'
+             r'((\w+)((\.\w+)|(\[[^\]]+\]))*)?'  # field name
+             r'(\![sra])?'                       # conversion
+             r'(\:(.?[<>=\^])?[-+ ]?#?0?(\d+)?,?(\.\d+)?[E-GXb-gnosx%]?)?'
+             r'\}', String.Interpol),
+
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"%{\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%|(\{{1,2})', ttype)
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    def fstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # Assuming that a '}' is the closing brace after format specifier.
+            # Sadly, this means that we won't detect syntax error. But it's
+            # more important to parse correct syntax correctly, than to
+            # highlight invalid syntax.
+            (r'\}', String.Interpol),
+            (r'\{', String.Interpol, 'expr-inside-fstring'),
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"{}\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})("""(?:.|\n)*?""")',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})('''(?:.|\n)*?''')",
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r'\A#!.+$', Comment.Hashbang),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment.Single),
+            (r'\\\n', Text),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            include('keywords'),
+            include('soft-keywords'),
+            (r'(def)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(class)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'fromimport'),
+            (r'(import)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'import'),
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr': [
+            # raw f-strings
+            ('(?i)(rf|fr)(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'tdqf')),
+            ("(?i)(rf|fr)(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'tsqf')),
+            ('(?i)(rf|fr)(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'dqf')),
+            ("(?i)(rf|fr)(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'sqf')),
+            # non-raw f-strings
+            ('([fF])(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'tdqf')),
+            ("([fF])(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'tsqf')),
+            ('([fF])(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'dqf')),
+            ("([fF])(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'sqf')),
+            # raw bytes and strings
+            ('(?i)(rb|br|r)(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'tdqs'),
+            ("(?i)(rb|br|r)(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'tsqs'),
+            ('(?i)(rb|br|r)(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'dqs'),
+            ("(?i)(rb|br|r)(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'sqs'),
+            # non-raw strings
+            ('([uU]?)(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([uU]?)(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([uU]?)(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([uU]?)(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            # non-raw bytes
+            ('([bB])(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([bB])(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([bB])(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([bB])(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'sqs')),
+
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            include('numbers'),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|:=|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.]', Operator),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            include('expr-keywords'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            include('magicvars'),
+            include('name'),
+        ],
+        'expr-inside-fstring': [
+            (r'[{([]', Punctuation, 'expr-inside-fstring-inner'),
+            # without format specifier
+            (r'(=\s*)?'         # debug (https://bugs.python.org/issue36817)
+             r'(\![sraf])?'     # conversion
+             r'\}', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
+            # with format specifier
+            # we'll catch the remaining '}' in the outer scope
+            (r'(=\s*)?'         # debug (https://bugs.python.org/issue36817)
+             r'(\![sraf])?'     # conversion
+             r':', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
+            (r'\s+', Whitespace),  # allow new lines
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr-inside-fstring-inner': [
+            (r'[{([]', Punctuation, 'expr-inside-fstring-inner'),
+            (r'[])}]', Punctuation, '#pop'),
+            (r'\s+', Whitespace),  # allow new lines
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr-keywords': [
+            # Based on https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
+            (words((
+                'async for', 'await', 'else', 'for', 'if', 'lambda',
+                'yield', 'yield from'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (words(('True', 'False', 'None'), suffix=r'\b'), Keyword.Constant),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'continue', 'del', 'elif',
+                'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'global', 'if', 'lambda',
+                'pass', 'raise', 'nonlocal', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield',
+                'yield from', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (words(('True', 'False', 'None'), suffix=r'\b'), Keyword.Constant),
+        ],
+        'soft-keywords': [
+            # `match`, `case` and `_` soft keywords
+            (r'(^[ \t]*)'              # at beginning of line + possible indentation
+             r'(match|case)\b'         # a possible keyword
+             r'(?![ \t]*(?:'           # not followed by...
+             r'[:,;=^&|@~)\]}]|(?:' +  # characters and keywords that mean this isn't
+             r'|'.join(keyword.kwlist) + r')\b))',                 # pattern matching
+             bygroups(Text, Keyword), 'soft-keywords-inner'),
+        ],
+        'soft-keywords-inner': [
+            # optional `_` keyword
+            (r'(\s+)([^\n_]*)(_\b)', bygroups(Whitespace, using(this), Keyword)),
+            default('#pop')
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'aiter', 'all', 'any', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray',
+                'breakpoint', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile',
+                'complex', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval',
+                'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals',
+                'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance',
+                'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max',
+                'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow',
+                'print', 'property', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set',
+                'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super',
+                'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|cls)\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'DeprecationWarning',
+                'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'FloatingPointError',
+                'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError',
+                'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'KeyError',
+                'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError',
+                'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning',
+                'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopIteration',
+                'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit',
+                'TabError', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'VMSError',
+                'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError',
+                # new builtin exceptions from PEP 3151
+                'BlockingIOError', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionError',
+                'BrokenPipeError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionRefusedError',
+                'ConnectionResetError', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError',
+                'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'NotADirectoryError',
+                'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'TimeoutError',
+                # others new in Python 3
+                'StopAsyncIteration', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'RecursionError',
+                'EncodingWarning'),
+                prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'magicfuncs': [
+            (words((
+                '__abs__', '__add__', '__aenter__', '__aexit__', '__aiter__',
+                '__and__', '__anext__', '__await__', '__bool__', '__bytes__',
+                '__call__', '__complex__', '__contains__', '__del__', '__delattr__',
+                '__delete__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__enter__',
+                '__eq__', '__exit__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__',
+                '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattr__', '__getattribute__',
+                '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__iand__',
+                '__ifloordiv__', '__ilshift__', '__imatmul__', '__imod__',
+                '__imul__', '__index__', '__init__', '__instancecheck__',
+                '__int__', '__invert__', '__ior__', '__ipow__', '__irshift__',
+                '__isub__', '__iter__', '__itruediv__', '__ixor__', '__le__',
+                '__len__', '__length_hint__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__matmul__',
+                '__missing__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__',
+                '__new__', '__next__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',
+                '__prepare__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__repr__',
+                '__reversed__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmatmul__',
+                '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__',
+                '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__',
+                '__rxor__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__str__',
+                '__sub__', '__subclasscheck__', '__truediv__',
+                '__xor__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Function.Magic),
+        ],
+        'magicvars': [
+            (words((
+                '__annotations__', '__bases__', '__class__', '__closure__',
+                '__code__', '__defaults__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__file__',
+                '__func__', '__globals__', '__kwdefaults__', '__module__',
+                '__mro__', '__name__', '__objclass__', '__qualname__',
+                '__self__', '__slots__', '__weakref__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Variable.Magic),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d(?:_?\d)*\.(?:\d(?:_?\d)*)?|(?:\d(?:_?\d)*)?\.\d(?:_?\d)*)'
+             r'([eE][+-]?\d(?:_?\d)*)?', Number.Float),
+            (r'\d(?:_?\d)*[eE][+-]?\d(?:_?\d)*j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0[oO](?:_?[0-7])+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[bB](?:_?[01])+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'0[xX](?:_?[a-fA-F0-9])+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d(?:_?\d)*', Number.Integer),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@' + uni_name, Name.Decorator),
+            (r'@', Operator),  # new matrix multiplication operator
+            (uni_name, Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            (uni_name, Name.Function, '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (uni_name, Name.Class, '#pop'),
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(\s+)(as)(\s+)', bygroups(Text, Keyword, Text)),
+            (r'\.', Name.Namespace),
+            (uni_name, Name.Namespace),
+            (r'(\s*)(,)(\s*)', bygroups(Text, Operator, Text)),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(\s+)(import)\b', bygroups(Text, Keyword.Namespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'\.', Name.Namespace),
+            # if None occurs here, it's "raise x from None", since None can
+            # never be a module name
+            (r'None\b', Keyword.Constant, '#pop'),
+            (uni_name, Name.Namespace),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'rfstringescape': [
+            (r'\{\{', String.Escape),
+            (r'\}\}', String.Escape),
+        ],
+        'fstringescape': [
+            include('rfstringescape'),
+            include('stringescape'),
+        ],
+        'bytesescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\(N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|U[a-fA-F0-9]{8})', String.Escape),
+            include('bytesescape')
+        ],
+        'fstrings-single': fstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'fstrings-double': fstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'strings-single': innerstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'strings-double': innerstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'dqf': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('fstrings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqf': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('fstrings-single')
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-single')
+        ],
+        'tdqf': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('fstrings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqf': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('fstrings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        return shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?(3(\.\d)?)?') or \
+            'import ' in text[:1000]
+
+
+Python3Lexer = PythonLexer
+
+
+class Python2Lexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python 2.x source code.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This class has been renamed from ``PythonLexer``.  ``PythonLexer`` now
+       refers to the Python 3 variant.  File name patterns like ``*.py`` have
+       been moved to Python 3 as well.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python 2.x'
+    url = 'http://www.python.org'
+    aliases = ['python2', 'py2']
+    filenames = []  # now taken over by PythonLexer (3.x)
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python2', 'application/x-python2']
+
+    def innerstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # the old style '%s' % (...) string formatting
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', ttype),
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})("""(?:.|\n)*?""")',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})('''(?:.|\n)*?''')",
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            (r'\A#!.+$', Comment.Hashbang),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment.Single),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'\\\n', Text),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.]', Operator),
+            include('keywords'),
+            (r'(def)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(class)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'fromimport'),
+            (r'(import)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'import'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            include('magicvars'),
+            include('backtick'),
+            ('([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'tdqs'),
+            ("([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'tsqs'),
+            ('([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'dqs'),
+            ("([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'sqs'),
+            ('([uUbB]?)(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([uUbB]?)(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([uUbB]?)(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([uUbB]?)(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            include('name'),
+            include('numbers'),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'break', 'continue', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except',
+                'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'global', 'if', 'lambda', 'pass',
+                'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield',
+                'yield from', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin',
+                'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod',
+                'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod',
+                'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'exit', 'file', 'filter', 'float',
+                'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id',
+                'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len',
+                'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max', 'min', 'next', 'object',
+                'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'property', 'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce',
+                'reload', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice',
+                'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type',
+                'unichr', 'unicode', 'vars', 'xrange', 'zip'),
+                prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|None|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|False|True|cls'
+             r')\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError',
+                'Exception', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit',
+                'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError',
+                'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',
+                'MemoryError', 'NameError',
+                'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'OverflowWarning',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError',
+                'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration',
+                'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit',
+                'TabError', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'VMSError', 'Warning',
+                'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'magicfuncs': [
+            (words((
+                '__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__call__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__',
+                '__complex__', '__contains__', '__del__', '__delattr__', '__delete__',
+                '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__enter__',
+                '__eq__', '__exit__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__ge__', '__get__',
+                '__getattr__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__',
+                '__hash__', '__hex__', '__iadd__', '__iand__', '__idiv__', '__ifloordiv__',
+                '__ilshift__', '__imod__', '__imul__', '__index__', '__init__',
+                '__instancecheck__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__iop__', '__ior__',
+                '__ipow__', '__irshift__', '__isub__', '__iter__', '__itruediv__',
+                '__ixor__', '__le__', '__len__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__lt__',
+                '__missing__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__',
+                '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__op__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',
+                '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rcmp__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__repr__',
+                '__reversed__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__',
+                '__rop__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__',
+                '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',
+                '__setslice__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasscheck__', '__truediv__',
+                '__unicode__', '__xor__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Function.Magic),
+        ],
+        'magicvars': [
+            (words((
+                '__bases__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defaults__',
+                '__dict__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__func__', '__globals__',
+                '__metaclass__', '__module__', '__mro__', '__name__', '__self__',
+                '__slots__', '__weakref__'),
+                suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Variable.Magic),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d+\.\d*|\d*\.\d+)([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'\d+[eE][+-]?[0-9]+j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0[0-7]+j?', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[bB][01]+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'0[xX][a-fA-F0-9]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d+L', Number.Integer.Long),
+            (r'\d+j?', Number.Integer)
+        ],
+        'backtick': [
+            ('`.*?`', String.Backtick),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@[\w.]+', Name.Decorator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Function, '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Class, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(?:[ \t]|\\\n)+', Text),
+            (r'as\b', Keyword.Namespace),
+            (r',', Operator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(?:[ \t]|\\\n)+', Text),
+            (r'import\b', Keyword.Namespace, '#pop'),
+            # if None occurs here, it's "raise x from None", since None can
+            # never be a module name
+            (r'None\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo, '#pop'),
+            # sadly, in "raise x from y" y will be highlighted as namespace too
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_.][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            # anything else here also means "raise x from y" and is therefore
+            # not an error
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'strings-single': innerstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'strings-double': innerstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-single')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        return shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?2(\.\d)?')
+
+class _PythonConsoleLexerBase(RegexLexer):
+    name = 'Python console session'
+    aliases = ['pycon']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-doctest']
+
+    """Auxiliary lexer for `PythonConsoleLexer`.
+
+    Code tokens are output as ``Token.Other.Code``, traceback tokens as
+    ``Token.Other.Traceback``.
+    """
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'(>>> )(.*\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Other.Code), 'continuations'),
+            # This happens, e.g., when tracebacks are embedded in documentation;
+            # trailing whitespaces are often stripped in such contexts.
+            (r'(>>>)(\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Whitespace)),
+            (r'(\^C)?Traceback \(most recent call last\):\n', Other.Traceback, 'traceback'),
+            # SyntaxError starts with this
+            (r'  File "[^"]+", line \d+', Other.Traceback, 'traceback'),
+            (r'.*\n', Generic.Output),
+        ],
+        'continuations': [
+            (r'(\.\.\. )(.*\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Other.Code)),
+            # See above.
+            (r'(\.\.\.)(\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Whitespace)),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'traceback': [
+            # As soon as we see a traceback, consume everything until the next
+            # >>> prompt.
+            (r'(?=>>>( |$))', Text, '#pop'),
+            (r'(KeyboardInterrupt)(\n)', bygroups(Name.Class, Whitespace)),
+            (r'.*\n', Other.Traceback),
+        ],
+    }
+
+class PythonConsoleLexer(DelegatingLexer):
+    """
+    For Python console output or doctests, such as:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: pycon
+
+        >>> a = 'foo'
+        >>> print(a)
+        foo
+        >>> 1 / 0
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+          File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+        ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
+
+    Additional options:
+
+    `python3`
+        Use Python 3 lexer for code.  Default is ``True``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+           Now defaults to ``True``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python console session'
+    aliases = ['pycon']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-doctest']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        python3 = get_bool_opt(options, 'python3', True)
+        if python3:
+            pylexer = PythonLexer
+            tblexer = PythonTracebackLexer
+        else:
+            pylexer = Python2Lexer
+            tblexer = Python2TracebackLexer
+        # We have two auxiliary lexers. Use DelegatingLexer twice with
+        # different tokens.  TODO: DelegatingLexer should support this
+        # directly, by accepting a tuplet of auxiliary lexers and a tuple of
+        # distinguishing tokens. Then we wouldn't need this intermediary
+        # class.
+        class _ReplaceInnerCode(DelegatingLexer):
+            def __init__(self, **options):
+                super().__init__(pylexer, _PythonConsoleLexerBase, Other.Code, **options)
+        super().__init__(tblexer, _ReplaceInnerCode, Other.Traceback, **options)
+
+class PythonTracebackLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python 3.x tracebacks, with support for chained exceptions.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This is now the default ``PythonTracebackLexer``.  It is still available
+       as the alias ``Python3TracebackLexer``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python Traceback'
+    aliases = ['pytb', 'py3tb']
+    filenames = ['*.pytb', '*.py3tb']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-traceback', 'text/x-python3-traceback']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\^C)?Traceback \(most recent call last\):\n', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^During handling of the above exception, another '
+             r'exception occurred:\n\n', Generic.Traceback),
+            (r'^The above exception was the direct cause of the '
+             r'following exception:\n\n', Generic.Traceback),
+            (r'^(?=  File "[^"]+", line \d+)', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^.*\n', Other),
+        ],
+        'intb': [
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(, in )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Text, Name, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(    )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, using(PythonLexer), Whitespace), 'markers'),
+            (r'^([ \t]*)(\.\.\.)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, Comment, Whitespace)),  # for doctests...
+            (r'^([^:]+)(: )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Text, Name, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'^([a-zA-Z_][\w.]*)(:?\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'markers': [
+            # Either `PEP 657 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0657/>`
+            # error locations in Python 3.11+, or single-caret markers
+            # for syntax errors before that.
+            (r'^( {4,})([~^]+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, Punctuation.Marker, Whitespace),
+             '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+Python3TracebackLexer = PythonTracebackLexer
+
+
+class Python2TracebackLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python tracebacks.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This class has been renamed from ``PythonTracebackLexer``.
+       ``PythonTracebackLexer`` now refers to the Python 3 variant.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python 2.x Traceback'
+    aliases = ['py2tb']
+    filenames = ['*.py2tb']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python2-traceback']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            # Cover both (most recent call last) and (innermost last)
+            # The optional ^C allows us to catch keyboard interrupt signals.
+            (r'^(\^C)?(Traceback.*\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Generic.Traceback), 'intb'),
+            # SyntaxError starts with this.
+            (r'^(?=  File "[^"]+", line \d+)', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^.*\n', Other),
+        ],
+        'intb': [
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(, in )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Text, Name, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(    )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, using(Python2Lexer), Whitespace), 'marker'),
+            (r'^([ \t]*)(\.\.\.)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Comment, Whitespace)),  # for doctests...
+            (r'^([^:]+)(: )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Text, Name, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'^([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(:?\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Whitespace), '#pop')
+        ],
+        'marker': [
+            # For syntax errors.
+            (r'( {4,})(\^)', bygroups(Text, Punctuation.Marker), '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class CythonLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Pyrex and Cython source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.1
+    """
+
+    name = 'Cython'
+    url = 'http://cython.org'
+    aliases = ['cython', 'pyx', 'pyrex']
+    filenames = ['*.pyx', '*.pxd', '*.pxi']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-cython', 'application/x-cython']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)("""(?:.|\n)*?""")', bygroups(Whitespace, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)('''(?:.|\n)*?''')", bygroups(Whitespace, String.Doc)),
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'\\\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'(<)([a-zA-Z0-9.?]+)(>)',
+             bygroups(Punctuation, Keyword.Type, Punctuation)),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.?]', Operator),
+            (r'(from)(\d+)(<=)(\s+)(<)(\d+)(:)',
+             bygroups(Keyword, Number.Integer, Operator, Name, Operator,
+                      Name, Punctuation)),
+            include('keywords'),
+            (r'(def|property)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(cp?def)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'cdef'),
+            # (should actually start a block with only cdefs)
+            (r'(cdef)(:)', bygroups(Keyword, Punctuation)),
+            (r'(class|struct)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'fromimport'),
+            (r'(c?import)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'import'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('backtick'),
+            ('(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])"""', String, 'tdqs'),
+            ("(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])'''", String, 'tsqs'),
+            ('(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])"', String, 'dqs'),
+            ("(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])'", String, 'sqs'),
+            ('[uU]?"""', String, combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("[uU]?'''", String, combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('[uU]?"', String, combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("[uU]?'", String, combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            include('name'),
+            include('numbers'),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'by', 'continue', 'ctypedef', 'del', 'elif',
+                'else', 'except', 'except?', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'fused', 'gil',
+                'global', 'if', 'include', 'lambda', 'nogil', 'pass', 'print',
+                'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (r'(DEF|IF|ELIF|ELSE)\b', Comment.Preproc),
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin', 'bint',
+                'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr',
+                'classmethod', 'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'delattr',
+                'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'exit',
+                'file', 'filter', 'float', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals',
+                'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance',
+                'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max',
+                'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'property', 'Py_ssize_t',
+                'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce', 'reload', 'repr', 'reversed',
+                'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod',
+                'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'unichr', 'unicode', 'unsigned',
+                'vars', 'xrange', 'zip'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|None|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|False|True|NULL'
+             r')\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError',
+                'Exception', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit',
+                'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError',
+                'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',
+                'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError',
+                'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'OverflowWarning',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'RuntimeError',
+                'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError',
+                'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError',
+                'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning',
+                'ZeroDivisionError'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d+\.?\d*|\d*\.\d+)([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0\d+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[xX][a-fA-F0-9]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d+L', Number.Integer.Long),
+            (r'\d+', Number.Integer)
+        ],
+        'backtick': [
+            ('`.*?`', String.Backtick),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@\w+', Name.Decorator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Function, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'cdef': [
+            (r'(public|readonly|extern|api|inline)\b', Keyword.Reserved),
+            (r'(struct|enum|union|class)\b', Keyword),
+            (r'([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\s*)(?=[(:#=]|$)',
+             bygroups(Name.Function, Text), '#pop'),
+            (r'([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\s*)(,)',
+             bygroups(Name.Function, Text, Punctuation)),
+            (r'from\b', Keyword, '#pop'),
+            (r'as\b', Keyword),
+            (r':', Punctuation, '#pop'),
+            (r'(?=["\'])', Text, '#pop'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Keyword.Type),
+            (r'.', Text),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Class, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(\s+)(as)(\s+)', bygroups(Text, Keyword, Text)),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            (r'(\s*)(,)(\s*)', bygroups(Text, Operator, Text)),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(\s+)(c?import)\b', bygroups(Text, Keyword), '#pop'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_.][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            # ``cdef foo from "header"``, or ``for foo from 0 < i < 10``
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'strings': [
+            (r'%(\([a-zA-Z0-9]+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', String),
+            # quotes, percents and backslashes must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[\'"\\]', String),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', String)
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ],
+        'nl': [
+            (r'\n', String)
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here again for raw strings
+            include('strings')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here again for raw strings
+            include('strings')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String, '#pop'),
+            include('strings'),
+            include('nl')
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String, '#pop'),
+            include('strings'),
+            include('nl')
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class DgLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    Lexer for dg,
+    a functional and object-oriented programming language
+    running on the CPython 3 VM.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.6
+    """
+    name = 'dg'
+    aliases = ['dg']
+    filenames = ['*.dg']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-dg']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\s+', Text),
+            (r'#.*?$', Comment.Single),
+
+            (r'(?i)0b[01]+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'(?i)0o[0-7]+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(e[+-]?[0-9]+)?j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+e[+-]?\d+j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+j?', Number.Integer),
+
+            (r"(?i)(br|r?b?)'''", String, combined('stringescape', 'tsqs', 'string')),
+            (r'(?i)(br|r?b?)"""', String, combined('stringescape', 'tdqs', 'string')),
+            (r"(?i)(br|r?b?)'", String, combined('stringescape', 'sqs', 'string')),
+            (r'(?i)(br|r?b?)"', String, combined('stringescape', 'dqs', 'string')),
+
+            (r"`\w+'*`", Operator),
+            (r'\b(and|in|is|or|where)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'[!$%&*+\-./:<-@\\^|~;,]+', Operator),
+
+            (words((
+                'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'classmethod', 'complex', 'dict', 'dict\'',
+                'float', 'frozenset', 'int', 'list', 'list\'', 'memoryview', 'object',
+                'property', 'range', 'set', 'set\'', 'slice', 'staticmethod', 'str',
+                'super', 'tuple', 'tuple\'', 'type'),
+                   prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'(?![\'\w])'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'bin', 'bind', 'chr', 'cmp', 'compile',
+                'complex', 'delattr', 'dir', 'divmod', 'drop', 'dropwhile', 'enumerate',
+                'eval', 'exhaust', 'filter', 'flip', 'foldl1?', 'format', 'fst',
+                'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'head', 'hex', 'id', 'init',
+                'input', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'iterate', 'last', 'len',
+                'locals', 'map', 'max', 'min', 'next', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow',
+                'print', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'setattr', 'scanl1?', 'snd',
+                'sorted', 'sum', 'tail', 'take', 'takewhile', 'vars', 'zip'),
+                   prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'(?![\'\w])'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r"(?<!\.)(self|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|None|True|False)(?!['\w])",
+             Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+
+            (r"(?<!\.)[A-Z]\w*(Error|Exception|Warning)'*(?!['\w])",
+             Name.Exception),
+            (r"(?<!\.)(Exception|GeneratorExit|KeyboardInterrupt|StopIteration|"
+             r"SystemExit)(?!['\w])", Name.Exception),
+
+            (r"(?<![\w.])(except|finally|for|if|import|not|otherwise|raise|"
+             r"subclass|while|with|yield)(?!['\w])", Keyword.Reserved),
+
+            (r"[A-Z_]+'*(?!['\w])", Name),
+            (r"[A-Z]\w+'*(?!['\w])", Keyword.Type),
+            (r"\w+'*", Name),
+
+            (r'[()]', Punctuation),
+            (r'.', Error),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'string': [
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', String),
+            # quotes, percents and backslashes must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[\'"\\]', String),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', String),
+            (r'\n', String)
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String, '#pop')
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class NumPyLexer(PythonLexer):
+    """
+    A Python lexer recognizing Numerical Python builtins.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    """
+
+    name = 'NumPy'
+    url = 'https://numpy.org/'
+    aliases = ['numpy']
+
+    # override the mimetypes to not inherit them from python
+    mimetypes = []
+    filenames = []
+
+    EXTRA_KEYWORDS = {
+        'abs', 'absolute', 'accumulate', 'add', 'alen', 'all', 'allclose',
+        'alltrue', 'alterdot', 'amax', 'amin', 'angle', 'any', 'append',
+        'apply_along_axis', 'apply_over_axes', 'arange', 'arccos', 'arccosh',
+        'arcsin', 'arcsinh', 'arctan', 'arctan2', 'arctanh', 'argmax', 'argmin',
+        'argsort', 'argwhere', 'around', 'array', 'array2string', 'array_equal',
+        'array_equiv', 'array_repr', 'array_split', 'array_str', 'arrayrange',
+        'asanyarray', 'asarray', 'asarray_chkfinite', 'ascontiguousarray',
+        'asfarray', 'asfortranarray', 'asmatrix', 'asscalar', 'astype',
+        'atleast_1d', 'atleast_2d', 'atleast_3d', 'average', 'bartlett',
+        'base_repr', 'beta', 'binary_repr', 'bincount', 'binomial',
+        'bitwise_and', 'bitwise_not', 'bitwise_or', 'bitwise_xor', 'blackman',
+        'bmat', 'broadcast', 'byte_bounds', 'bytes', 'byteswap', 'c_',
+        'can_cast', 'ceil', 'choose', 'clip', 'column_stack', 'common_type',
+        'compare_chararrays', 'compress', 'concatenate', 'conj', 'conjugate',
+        'convolve', 'copy', 'corrcoef', 'correlate', 'cos', 'cosh', 'cov',
+        'cross', 'cumprod', 'cumproduct', 'cumsum', 'delete', 'deprecate',
+        'diag', 'diagflat', 'diagonal', 'diff', 'digitize', 'disp', 'divide',
+        'dot', 'dsplit', 'dstack', 'dtype', 'dump', 'dumps', 'ediff1d', 'empty',
+        'empty_like', 'equal', 'exp', 'expand_dims', 'expm1', 'extract', 'eye',
+        'fabs', 'fastCopyAndTranspose', 'fft', 'fftfreq', 'fftshift', 'fill',
+        'finfo', 'fix', 'flat', 'flatnonzero', 'flatten', 'fliplr', 'flipud',
+        'floor', 'floor_divide', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fromarrays', 'frombuffer',
+        'fromfile', 'fromfunction', 'fromiter', 'frompyfunc', 'fromstring',
+        'generic', 'get_array_wrap', 'get_include', 'get_numarray_include',
+        'get_numpy_include', 'get_printoptions', 'getbuffer', 'getbufsize',
+        'geterr', 'geterrcall', 'geterrobj', 'getfield', 'gradient', 'greater',
+        'greater_equal', 'gumbel', 'hamming', 'hanning', 'histogram',
+        'histogram2d', 'histogramdd', 'hsplit', 'hstack', 'hypot', 'i0',
+        'identity', 'ifft', 'imag', 'index_exp', 'indices', 'inf', 'info',
+        'inner', 'insert', 'int_asbuffer', 'interp', 'intersect1d',
+        'intersect1d_nu', 'inv', 'invert', 'iscomplex', 'iscomplexobj',
+        'isfinite', 'isfortran', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isneginf', 'isposinf',
+        'isreal', 'isrealobj', 'isscalar', 'issctype', 'issubclass_',
+        'issubdtype', 'issubsctype', 'item', 'itemset', 'iterable', 'ix_',
+        'kaiser', 'kron', 'ldexp', 'left_shift', 'less', 'less_equal', 'lexsort',
+        'linspace', 'load', 'loads', 'loadtxt', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2',
+        'logical_and', 'logical_not', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor', 'logspace',
+        'lstsq', 'mat', 'matrix', 'max', 'maximum', 'maximum_sctype',
+        'may_share_memory', 'mean', 'median', 'meshgrid', 'mgrid', 'min',
+        'minimum', 'mintypecode', 'mod', 'modf', 'msort', 'multiply', 'nan',
+        'nan_to_num', 'nanargmax', 'nanargmin', 'nanmax', 'nanmin', 'nansum',
+        'ndenumerate', 'ndim', 'ndindex', 'negative', 'newaxis', 'newbuffer',
+        'newbyteorder', 'nonzero', 'not_equal', 'obj2sctype', 'ogrid', 'ones',
+        'ones_like', 'outer', 'permutation', 'piecewise', 'pinv', 'pkgload',
+        'place', 'poisson', 'poly', 'poly1d', 'polyadd', 'polyder', 'polydiv',
+        'polyfit', 'polyint', 'polymul', 'polysub', 'polyval', 'power', 'prod',
+        'product', 'ptp', 'put', 'putmask', 'r_', 'randint', 'random_integers',
+        'random_sample', 'ranf', 'rank', 'ravel', 'real', 'real_if_close',
+        'recarray', 'reciprocal', 'reduce', 'remainder', 'repeat', 'require',
+        'reshape', 'resize', 'restoredot', 'right_shift', 'rint', 'roll',
+        'rollaxis', 'roots', 'rot90', 'round', 'round_', 'row_stack', 's_',
+        'sample', 'savetxt', 'sctype2char', 'searchsorted', 'seed', 'select',
+        'set_numeric_ops', 'set_printoptions', 'set_string_function',
+        'setbufsize', 'setdiff1d', 'seterr', 'seterrcall', 'seterrobj',
+        'setfield', 'setflags', 'setmember1d', 'setxor1d', 'shape',
+        'show_config', 'shuffle', 'sign', 'signbit', 'sin', 'sinc', 'sinh',
+        'size', 'slice', 'solve', 'sometrue', 'sort', 'sort_complex', 'source',
+        'split', 'sqrt', 'square', 'squeeze', 'standard_normal', 'std',
+        'subtract', 'sum', 'svd', 'swapaxes', 'take', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tensordot',
+        'test', 'tile', 'tofile', 'tolist', 'tostring', 'trace', 'transpose',
+        'trapz', 'tri', 'tril', 'trim_zeros', 'triu', 'true_divide', 'typeDict',
+        'typename', 'uniform', 'union1d', 'unique', 'unique1d', 'unravel_index',
+        'unwrap', 'vander', 'var', 'vdot', 'vectorize', 'view', 'vonmises',
+        'vsplit', 'vstack', 'weibull', 'where', 'who', 'zeros', 'zeros_like'
+    }
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        for index, token, value in \
+                PythonLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+            if token is Name and value in self.EXTRA_KEYWORDS:
+                yield index, Keyword.Pseudo, value
+            else:
+                yield index, token, value
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        ltext = text[:1000]
+        return (shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?(3(\.\d)?)?') or
+                'import ' in ltext) \
+            and ('import numpy' in ltext or 'from numpy import' in ltext)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b6f6a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""
+    pygments.modeline
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A simple modeline parser (based on pymodeline).
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+__all__ = ['get_filetype_from_buffer']
+
+
+modeline_re = re.compile(r'''
+    (?: vi | vim | ex ) (?: [<=>]? \d* )? :
+    .* (?: ft | filetype | syn | syntax ) = ( [^:\s]+ )
+''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+
+def get_filetype_from_line(l):
+    m = modeline_re.search(l)
+    if m:
+        return m.group(1)
+
+
+def get_filetype_from_buffer(buf, max_lines=5):
+    """
+    Scan the buffer for modelines and return filetype if one is found.
+    """
+    lines = buf.splitlines()
+    for l in lines[-1:-max_lines-1:-1]:
+        ret = get_filetype_from_line(l)
+        if ret:
+            return ret
+    for i in range(max_lines, -1, -1):
+        if i < len(lines):
+            ret = get_filetype_from_line(lines[i])
+            if ret:
+                return ret
+
+    return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b722d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""
+    pygments.plugin
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments plugin interface. By default, this tries to use
+    ``importlib.metadata``, which is in the Python standard
+    library since Python 3.8, or its ``importlib_metadata``
+    backport for earlier versions of Python. It falls back on
+    ``pkg_resources`` if not found. Finally, if ``pkg_resources``
+    is not found either, no plugins are loaded at all.
+
+    lexer plugins::
+
+        [pygments.lexers]
+        yourlexer = yourmodule:YourLexer
+
+    formatter plugins::
+
+        [pygments.formatters]
+        yourformatter = yourformatter:YourFormatter
+        /.ext = yourformatter:YourFormatter
+
+    As you can see, you can define extensions for the formatter
+    with a leading slash.
+
+    syntax plugins::
+
+        [pygments.styles]
+        yourstyle = yourstyle:YourStyle
+
+    filter plugin::
+
+        [pygments.filter]
+        yourfilter = yourfilter:YourFilter
+
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+LEXER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.lexers'
+FORMATTER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.formatters'
+STYLE_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.styles'
+FILTER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.filters'
+
+
+def iter_entry_points(group_name):
+    try:
+        from importlib.metadata import entry_points
+    except ImportError:
+        try:
+            from importlib_metadata import entry_points
+        except ImportError:
+            try:
+                from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import iter_entry_points
+            except (ImportError, OSError):
+                return []
+            else:
+                return iter_entry_points(group_name)
+    groups = entry_points()
+    if hasattr(groups, 'select'):
+        # New interface in Python 3.10 and newer versions of the
+        # importlib_metadata backport.
+        return groups.select(group=group_name)
+    else:
+        # Older interface, deprecated in Python 3.10 and recent
+        # importlib_metadata, but we need it in Python 3.8 and 3.9.
+        return groups.get(group_name, [])
+
+
+def find_plugin_lexers():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(LEXER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_formatters():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(FORMATTER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_styles():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(STYLE_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_filters():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(FILTER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45223ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""
+    pygments.regexopt
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    An algorithm that generates optimized regexes for matching long lists of
+    literal strings.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+from re import escape
+from os.path import commonprefix
+from itertools import groupby
+from operator import itemgetter
+
+CS_ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\[\^\\\-\]]')
+FIRST_ELEMENT = itemgetter(0)
+
+
+def make_charset(letters):
+    return '[' + CS_ESCAPE.sub(lambda m: '\\' + m.group(), ''.join(letters)) + ']'
+
+
+def regex_opt_inner(strings, open_paren):
+    """Return a regex that matches any string in the sorted list of strings."""
+    close_paren = open_paren and ')' or ''
+    # print strings, repr(open_paren)
+    if not strings:
+        # print '-> nothing left'
+        return ''
+    first = strings[0]
+    if len(strings) == 1:
+        # print '-> only 1 string'
+        return open_paren + escape(first) + close_paren
+    if not first:
+        # print '-> first string empty'
+        return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(strings[1:], '(?:') \
+            + '?' + close_paren
+    if len(first) == 1:
+        # multiple one-char strings? make a charset
+        oneletter = []
+        rest = []
+        for s in strings:
+            if len(s) == 1:
+                oneletter.append(s)
+            else:
+                rest.append(s)
+        if len(oneletter) > 1:  # do we have more than one oneletter string?
+            if rest:
+                # print '-> 1-character + rest'
+                return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(rest, '') + '|' \
+                    + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
+            # print '-> only 1-character'
+            return open_paren + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
+    prefix = commonprefix(strings)
+    if prefix:
+        plen = len(prefix)
+        # we have a prefix for all strings
+        # print '-> prefix:', prefix
+        return open_paren + escape(prefix) \
+            + regex_opt_inner([s[plen:] for s in strings], '(?:') \
+            + close_paren
+    # is there a suffix?
+    strings_rev = [s[::-1] for s in strings]
+    suffix = commonprefix(strings_rev)
+    if suffix:
+        slen = len(suffix)
+        # print '-> suffix:', suffix[::-1]
+        return open_paren \
+            + regex_opt_inner(sorted(s[:-slen] for s in strings), '(?:') \
+            + escape(suffix[::-1]) + close_paren
+    # recurse on common 1-string prefixes
+    # print '-> last resort'
+    return open_paren + \
+        '|'.join(regex_opt_inner(list(group[1]), '')
+                 for group in groupby(strings, lambda s: s[0] == first[0])) \
+        + close_paren
+
+
+def regex_opt(strings, prefix='', suffix=''):
+    """Return a compiled regex that matches any string in the given list.
+
+    The strings to match must be literal strings, not regexes.  They will be
+    regex-escaped.
+
+    *prefix* and *suffix* are pre- and appended to the final regex.
+    """
+    strings = sorted(strings)
+    return prefix + regex_opt_inner(strings, '(') + suffix
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32a2f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+    pygments.scanner
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    This library implements a regex based scanner. Some languages
+    like Pascal are easy to parse but have some keywords that
+    depend on the context. Because of this it's impossible to lex
+    that just by using a regular expression lexer like the
+    `RegexLexer`.
+
+    Have a look at the `DelphiLexer` to get an idea of how to use
+    this scanner.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+import re
+
+
+class EndOfText(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raise if end of text is reached and the user
+    tried to call a match function.
+    """
+
+
+class Scanner:
+    """
+    Simple scanner
+
+    All method patterns are regular expression strings (not
+    compiled expressions!)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, text, flags=0):
+        """
+        :param text:    The text which should be scanned
+        :param flags:   default regular expression flags
+        """
+        self.data = text
+        self.data_length = len(text)
+        self.start_pos = 0
+        self.pos = 0
+        self.flags = flags
+        self.last = None
+        self.match = None
+        self._re_cache = {}
+
+    def eos(self):
+        """`True` if the scanner reached the end of text."""
+        return self.pos >= self.data_length
+    eos = property(eos, eos.__doc__)
+
+    def check(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Apply `pattern` on the current position and return
+        the match object. (Doesn't touch pos). Use this for
+        lookahead.
+        """
+        if self.eos:
+            raise EndOfText()
+        if pattern not in self._re_cache:
+            self._re_cache[pattern] = re.compile(pattern, self.flags)
+        return self._re_cache[pattern].match(self.data, self.pos)
+
+    def test(self, pattern):
+        """Apply a pattern on the current position and check
+        if it patches. Doesn't touch pos.
+        """
+        return self.check(pattern) is not None
+
+    def scan(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Scan the text for the given pattern and update pos/match
+        and related fields. The return value is a boolean that
+        indicates if the pattern matched. The matched value is
+        stored on the instance as ``match``, the last value is
+        stored as ``last``. ``start_pos`` is the position of the
+        pointer before the pattern was matched, ``pos`` is the
+        end position.
+        """
+        if self.eos:
+            raise EndOfText()
+        if pattern not in self._re_cache:
+            self._re_cache[pattern] = re.compile(pattern, self.flags)
+        self.last = self.match
+        m = self._re_cache[pattern].match(self.data, self.pos)
+        if m is None:
+            return False
+        self.start_pos = m.start()
+        self.pos = m.end()
+        self.match = m.group()
+        return True
+
+    def get_char(self):
+        """Scan exactly one char."""
+        self.scan('.')
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %d/%d>' % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.pos,
+            self.data_length
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7facd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+"""
+    pygments.sphinxext
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Sphinx extension to generate automatic documentation of lexers,
+    formatters and filters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
+from sphinx.util.nodes import nested_parse_with_titles
+
+
+MODULEDOC = '''
+.. module:: %s
+
+%s
+%s
+'''
+
+LEXERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Short names: %s
+    :Filenames:   %s
+    :MIME types:  %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+FMTERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Short names: %s
+    :Filenames: %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+FILTERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Name: %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+
+class PygmentsDoc(Directive):
+    """
+    A directive to collect all lexers/formatters/filters and generate
+    autoclass directives for them.
+    """
+    has_content = False
+    required_arguments = 1
+    optional_arguments = 0
+    final_argument_whitespace = False
+    option_spec = {}
+
+    def run(self):
+        self.filenames = set()
+        if self.arguments[0] == 'lexers':
+            out = self.document_lexers()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'formatters':
+            out = self.document_formatters()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'filters':
+            out = self.document_filters()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'lexers_overview':
+            out = self.document_lexers_overview()
+        else:
+            raise Exception('invalid argument for "pygmentsdoc" directive')
+        node = nodes.compound()
+        vl = ViewList(out.split('\n'), source='')
+        nested_parse_with_titles(self.state, vl, node)
+        for fn in self.filenames:
+            self.state.document.settings.record_dependencies.add(fn)
+        return node.children
+
+    def document_lexers_overview(self):
+        """Generate a tabular overview of all lexers.
+
+        The columns are the lexer name, the extensions handled by this lexer
+        (or "None"), the aliases and a link to the lexer class."""
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import find_lexer_class
+        out = []
+
+        table = []
+
+        def format_link(name, url):
+            if url:
+                return f'`{name} <{url}>`_'
+            return name
+
+        for classname, data in sorted(LEXERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[1][1].lower()):
+            lexer_cls = find_lexer_class(data[1])
+            extensions = lexer_cls.filenames + lexer_cls.alias_filenames
+
+            table.append({
+                'name': format_link(data[1], lexer_cls.url),
+                'extensions': ', '.join(extensions).replace('*', '\\*').replace('_', '\\') or 'None',
+                'aliases': ', '.join(data[2]),
+                'class': f'{data[0]}.{classname}'
+            })
+
+        column_names = ['name', 'extensions', 'aliases', 'class']
+        column_lengths = [max([len(row[column]) for row in table if row[column]])
+                          for column in column_names]
+
+        def write_row(*columns):
+            """Format a table row"""
+            out = []
+            for l, c in zip(column_lengths, columns):
+                if c:
+                    out.append(c.ljust(l))
+                else:
+                    out.append(' '*l)
+
+            return ' '.join(out)
+
+        def write_seperator():
+            """Write a table separator row"""
+            sep = ['='*c for c in column_lengths]
+            return write_row(*sep)
+
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+        out.append(write_row('Name', 'Extension(s)', 'Short name(s)', 'Lexer class'))
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+        for row in table:
+            out.append(write_row(
+                row['name'],
+                row['extensions'],
+                row['aliases'],
+                f':class:`~{row["class"]}`'))
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+
+        return '\n'.join(out)
+
+    def document_lexers(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+        out = []
+        modules = {}
+        moduledocstrings = {}
+        for classname, data in sorted(LEXERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            module = data[0]
+            mod = __import__(module, None, None, [classname])
+            self.filenames.add(mod.__file__)
+            cls = getattr(mod, classname)
+            if not cls.__doc__:
+                print("Warning: %s does not have a docstring." % classname)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            modules.setdefault(module, []).append((
+                classname,
+                ', '.join(data[2]) or 'None',
+                ', '.join(data[3]).replace('*', '\\*').replace('_', '\\') or 'None',
+                ', '.join(data[4]) or 'None',
+                docstring))
+            if module not in moduledocstrings:
+                moddoc = mod.__doc__
+                if isinstance(moddoc, bytes):
+                    moddoc = moddoc.decode('utf8')
+                moduledocstrings[module] = moddoc
+
+        for module, lexers in sorted(modules.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            if moduledocstrings[module] is None:
+                raise Exception("Missing docstring for %s" % (module,))
+            heading = moduledocstrings[module].splitlines()[4].strip().rstrip('.')
+            out.append(MODULEDOC % (module, heading, '-'*len(heading)))
+            for data in lexers:
+                out.append(LEXERDOC % data)
+
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+    def document_formatters(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters import FORMATTERS
+
+        out = []
+        for classname, data in sorted(FORMATTERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            module = data[0]
+            mod = __import__(module, None, None, [classname])
+            self.filenames.add(mod.__file__)
+            cls = getattr(mod, classname)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            heading = cls.__name__
+            out.append(FMTERDOC % (heading, ', '.join(data[2]) or 'None',
+                                   ', '.join(data[3]).replace('*', '\\*') or 'None',
+                                   docstring))
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+    def document_filters(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import FILTERS
+
+        out = []
+        for name, cls in FILTERS.items():
+            self.filenames.add(sys.modules[cls.__module__].__file__)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            out.append(FILTERDOC % (cls.__name__, name, docstring))
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_directive('pygmentsdoc', PygmentsDoc)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edc1962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+"""
+    pygments.style
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Basic style object.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, STANDARD_TYPES
+
+# Default mapping of ansixxx to RGB colors.
+_ansimap = {
+    # dark
+    'ansiblack': '000000',
+    'ansired': '7f0000',
+    'ansigreen': '007f00',
+    'ansiyellow': '7f7fe0',
+    'ansiblue': '00007f',
+    'ansimagenta': '7f007f',
+    'ansicyan': '007f7f',
+    'ansigray': 'e5e5e5',
+    # normal
+    'ansibrightblack': '555555',
+    'ansibrightred': 'ff0000',
+    'ansibrightgreen': '00ff00',
+    'ansibrightyellow': 'ffff00',
+    'ansibrightblue': '0000ff',
+    'ansibrightmagenta': 'ff00ff',
+    'ansibrightcyan': '00ffff',
+    'ansiwhite': 'ffffff',
+}
+# mapping of deprecated #ansixxx colors to new color names
+_deprecated_ansicolors = {
+    # dark
+    '#ansiblack': 'ansiblack',
+    '#ansidarkred': 'ansired',
+    '#ansidarkgreen': 'ansigreen',
+    '#ansibrown': 'ansiyellow',
+    '#ansidarkblue': 'ansiblue',
+    '#ansipurple': 'ansimagenta',
+    '#ansiteal': 'ansicyan',
+    '#ansilightgray': 'ansigray',
+    # normal
+    '#ansidarkgray': 'ansibrightblack',
+    '#ansired': 'ansibrightred',
+    '#ansigreen': 'ansibrightgreen',
+    '#ansiyellow': 'ansibrightyellow',
+    '#ansiblue': 'ansibrightblue',
+    '#ansifuchsia': 'ansibrightmagenta',
+    '#ansiturquoise': 'ansibrightcyan',
+    '#ansiwhite': 'ansiwhite',
+}
+ansicolors = set(_ansimap)
+
+
+class StyleMeta(type):
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dct):
+        obj = type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct)
+        for token in STANDARD_TYPES:
+            if token not in obj.styles:
+                obj.styles[token] = ''
+
+        def colorformat(text):
+            if text in ansicolors:
+                return text
+            if text[0:1] == '#':
+                col = text[1:]
+                if len(col) == 6:
+                    return col
+                elif len(col) == 3:
+                    return col[0] * 2 + col[1] * 2 + col[2] * 2
+            elif text == '':
+                return ''
+            elif text.startswith('var') or text.startswith('calc'):
+                return text
+            assert False, "wrong color format %r" % text
+
+        _styles = obj._styles = {}
+
+        for ttype in obj.styles:
+            for token in ttype.split():
+                if token in _styles:
+                    continue
+                ndef = _styles.get(token.parent, None)
+                styledefs = obj.styles.get(token, '').split()
+                if not ndef or token is None:
+                    ndef = ['', 0, 0, 0, '', '', 0, 0, 0]
+                elif 'noinherit' in styledefs and token is not Token:
+                    ndef = _styles[Token][:]
+                else:
+                    ndef = ndef[:]
+                _styles[token] = ndef
+                for styledef in obj.styles.get(token, '').split():
+                    if styledef == 'noinherit':
+                        pass
+                    elif styledef == 'bold':
+                        ndef[1] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'nobold':
+                        ndef[1] = 0
+                    elif styledef == 'italic':
+                        ndef[2] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'noitalic':
+                        ndef[2] = 0
+                    elif styledef == 'underline':
+                        ndef[3] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'nounderline':
+                        ndef[3] = 0
+                    elif styledef[:3] == 'bg:':
+                        ndef[4] = colorformat(styledef[3:])
+                    elif styledef[:7] == 'border:':
+                        ndef[5] = colorformat(styledef[7:])
+                    elif styledef == 'roman':
+                        ndef[6] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'sans':
+                        ndef[7] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'mono':
+                        ndef[8] = 1
+                    else:
+                        ndef[0] = colorformat(styledef)
+
+        return obj
+
+    def style_for_token(cls, token):
+        t = cls._styles[token]
+        ansicolor = bgansicolor = None
+        color = t[0]
+        if color in _deprecated_ansicolors:
+            color = _deprecated_ansicolors[color]
+        if color in ansicolors:
+            ansicolor = color
+            color = _ansimap[color]
+        bgcolor = t[4]
+        if bgcolor in _deprecated_ansicolors:
+            bgcolor = _deprecated_ansicolors[bgcolor]
+        if bgcolor in ansicolors:
+            bgansicolor = bgcolor
+            bgcolor = _ansimap[bgcolor]
+
+        return {
+            'color':        color or None,
+            'bold':         bool(t[1]),
+            'italic':       bool(t[2]),
+            'underline':    bool(t[3]),
+            'bgcolor':      bgcolor or None,
+            'border':       t[5] or None,
+            'roman':        bool(t[6]) or None,
+            'sans':         bool(t[7]) or None,
+            'mono':         bool(t[8]) or None,
+            'ansicolor':    ansicolor,
+            'bgansicolor':  bgansicolor,
+        }
+
+    def list_styles(cls):
+        return list(cls)
+
+    def styles_token(cls, ttype):
+        return ttype in cls._styles
+
+    def __iter__(cls):
+        for token in cls._styles:
+            yield token, cls.style_for_token(token)
+
+    def __len__(cls):
+        return len(cls._styles)
+
+
+class Style(metaclass=StyleMeta):
+
+    #: overall background color (``None`` means transparent)
+    background_color = '#ffffff'
+
+    #: highlight background color
+    highlight_color = '#ffffcc'
+
+    #: line number font color
+    line_number_color = 'inherit'
+
+    #: line number background color
+    line_number_background_color = 'transparent'
+
+    #: special line number font color
+    line_number_special_color = '#000000'
+
+    #: special line number background color
+    line_number_special_background_color = '#ffffc0'
+
+    #: Style definitions for individual token types.
+    styles = {}
+
+    # Attribute for lexers defined within Pygments. If set
+    # to True, the style is not shown in the style gallery
+    # on the website. This is intended for language-specific
+    # styles.
+    web_style_gallery_exclude = False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7401cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""
+    pygments.styles
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Contains built-in styles.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_styles
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+#: A dictionary of built-in styles, mapping style names to
+#: ``'submodule::classname'`` strings.
+STYLE_MAP = {
+    'default':  'default::DefaultStyle',
+    'emacs':    'emacs::EmacsStyle',
+    'friendly': 'friendly::FriendlyStyle',
+    'friendly_grayscale': 'friendly_grayscale::FriendlyGrayscaleStyle',
+    'colorful': 'colorful::ColorfulStyle',
+    'autumn':   'autumn::AutumnStyle',
+    'murphy':   'murphy::MurphyStyle',
+    'manni':    'manni::ManniStyle',
+    'material': 'material::MaterialStyle',
+    'monokai':  'monokai::MonokaiStyle',
+    'perldoc':  'perldoc::PerldocStyle',
+    'pastie':   'pastie::PastieStyle',
+    'borland':  'borland::BorlandStyle',
+    'trac':     'trac::TracStyle',
+    'native':   'native::NativeStyle',
+    'fruity':   'fruity::FruityStyle',
+    'bw':       'bw::BlackWhiteStyle',
+    'vim':      'vim::VimStyle',
+    'vs':       'vs::VisualStudioStyle',
+    'tango':    'tango::TangoStyle',
+    'rrt':      'rrt::RrtStyle',
+    'xcode':    'xcode::XcodeStyle',
+    'igor':     'igor::IgorStyle',
+    'paraiso-light': 'paraiso_light::ParaisoLightStyle',
+    'paraiso-dark': 'paraiso_dark::ParaisoDarkStyle',
+    'lovelace': 'lovelace::LovelaceStyle',
+    'algol':    'algol::AlgolStyle',
+    'algol_nu': 'algol_nu::Algol_NuStyle',
+    'arduino':  'arduino::ArduinoStyle',
+    'rainbow_dash': 'rainbow_dash::RainbowDashStyle',
+    'abap':     'abap::AbapStyle',
+    'solarized-dark': 'solarized::SolarizedDarkStyle',
+    'solarized-light': 'solarized::SolarizedLightStyle',
+    'sas':         'sas::SasStyle',
+    'staroffice' : 'staroffice::StarofficeStyle',
+    'stata':       'stata_light::StataLightStyle',
+    'stata-light': 'stata_light::StataLightStyle',
+    'stata-dark':  'stata_dark::StataDarkStyle',
+    'inkpot':      'inkpot::InkPotStyle',
+    'zenburn': 'zenburn::ZenburnStyle',
+    'gruvbox-dark': 'gruvbox::GruvboxDarkStyle',
+    'gruvbox-light': 'gruvbox::GruvboxLightStyle',
+    'dracula': 'dracula::DraculaStyle',
+    'one-dark': 'onedark::OneDarkStyle',
+    'lilypond' : 'lilypond::LilyPondStyle',
+    'nord': 'nord::NordStyle',
+    'nord-darker': 'nord::NordDarkerStyle',
+    'github-dark': 'gh_dark::GhDarkStyle'
+}
+
+
+def get_style_by_name(name):
+    """
+    Return a style class by its short name. The names of the builtin styles
+    are listed in :data:`pygments.styles.STYLE_MAP`.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no style of that name is
+    found.
+    """
+    if name in STYLE_MAP:
+        mod, cls = STYLE_MAP[name].split('::')
+        builtin = "yes"
+    else:
+        for found_name, style in find_plugin_styles():
+            if name == found_name:
+                return style
+        # perhaps it got dropped into our styles package
+        builtin = ""
+        mod = name
+        cls = name.title() + "Style"
+
+    try:
+        mod = __import__('pygments.styles.' + mod, None, None, [cls])
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ClassNotFound("Could not find style module %r" % mod +
+                         (builtin and ", though it should be builtin") + ".")
+    try:
+        return getattr(mod, cls)
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise ClassNotFound("Could not find style class %r in style module." % cls)
+
+
+def get_all_styles():
+    """Return a generator for all styles by name, both builtin and plugin."""
+    yield from STYLE_MAP
+    for name, _ in find_plugin_styles():
+        yield name
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c18f79a
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7395cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+"""
+    pygments.token
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Basic token types and the standard tokens.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+class _TokenType(tuple):
+    parent = None
+
+    def split(self):
+        buf = []
+        node = self
+        while node is not None:
+            buf.append(node)
+            node = node.parent
+        buf.reverse()
+        return buf
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        # no need to call super.__init__
+        self.subtypes = set()
+
+    def __contains__(self, val):
+        return self is val or (
+            type(val) is self.__class__ and
+            val[:len(self)] == self
+        )
+
+    def __getattr__(self, val):
+        if not val or not val[0].isupper():
+            return tuple.__getattribute__(self, val)
+        new = _TokenType(self + (val,))
+        setattr(self, val, new)
+        self.subtypes.add(new)
+        new.parent = self
+        return new
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Token' + (self and '.' or '') + '.'.join(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
+        return self
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
+        return self
+
+
+Token = _TokenType()
+
+# Special token types
+Text = Token.Text
+Whitespace = Text.Whitespace
+Escape = Token.Escape
+Error = Token.Error
+# Text that doesn't belong to this lexer (e.g. HTML in PHP)
+Other = Token.Other
+
+# Common token types for source code
+Keyword = Token.Keyword
+Name = Token.Name
+Literal = Token.Literal
+String = Literal.String
+Number = Literal.Number
+Punctuation = Token.Punctuation
+Operator = Token.Operator
+Comment = Token.Comment
+
+# Generic types for non-source code
+Generic = Token.Generic
+
+# String and some others are not direct children of Token.
+# alias them:
+Token.Token = Token
+Token.String = String
+Token.Number = Number
+
+
+def is_token_subtype(ttype, other):
+    """
+    Return True if ``ttype`` is a subtype of ``other``.
+
+    exists for backwards compatibility. use ``ttype in other`` now.
+    """
+    return ttype in other
+
+
+def string_to_tokentype(s):
+    """
+    Convert a string into a token type::
+
+        >>> string_to_token('String.Double')
+        Token.Literal.String.Double
+        >>> string_to_token('Token.Literal.Number')
+        Token.Literal.Number
+        >>> string_to_token('')
+        Token
+
+    Tokens that are already tokens are returned unchanged:
+
+        >>> string_to_token(String)
+        Token.Literal.String
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, _TokenType):
+        return s
+    if not s:
+        return Token
+    node = Token
+    for item in s.split('.'):
+        node = getattr(node, item)
+    return node
+
+
+# Map standard token types to short names, used in CSS class naming.
+# If you add a new item, please be sure to run this file to perform
+# a consistency check for duplicate values.
+STANDARD_TYPES = {
+    Token:                         '',
+
+    Text:                          '',
+    Whitespace:                    'w',
+    Escape:                        'esc',
+    Error:                         'err',
+    Other:                         'x',
+
+    Keyword:                       'k',
+    Keyword.Constant:              'kc',
+    Keyword.Declaration:           'kd',
+    Keyword.Namespace:             'kn',
+    Keyword.Pseudo:                'kp',
+    Keyword.Reserved:              'kr',
+    Keyword.Type:                  'kt',
+
+    Name:                          'n',
+    Name.Attribute:                'na',
+    Name.Builtin:                  'nb',
+    Name.Builtin.Pseudo:           'bp',
+    Name.Class:                    'nc',
+    Name.Constant:                 'no',
+    Name.Decorator:                'nd',
+    Name.Entity:                   'ni',
+    Name.Exception:                'ne',
+    Name.Function:                 'nf',
+    Name.Function.Magic:           'fm',
+    Name.Property:                 'py',
+    Name.Label:                    'nl',
+    Name.Namespace:                'nn',
+    Name.Other:                    'nx',
+    Name.Tag:                      'nt',
+    Name.Variable:                 'nv',
+    Name.Variable.Class:           'vc',
+    Name.Variable.Global:          'vg',
+    Name.Variable.Instance:        'vi',
+    Name.Variable.Magic:           'vm',
+
+    Literal:                       'l',
+    Literal.Date:                  'ld',
+
+    String:                        's',
+    String.Affix:                  'sa',
+    String.Backtick:               'sb',
+    String.Char:                   'sc',
+    String.Delimiter:              'dl',
+    String.Doc:                    'sd',
+    String.Double:                 's2',
+    String.Escape:                 'se',
+    String.Heredoc:                'sh',
+    String.Interpol:               'si',
+    String.Other:                  'sx',
+    String.Regex:                  'sr',
+    String.Single:                 's1',
+    String.Symbol:                 'ss',
+
+    Number:                        'm',
+    Number.Bin:                    'mb',
+    Number.Float:                  'mf',
+    Number.Hex:                    'mh',
+    Number.Integer:                'mi',
+    Number.Integer.Long:           'il',
+    Number.Oct:                    'mo',
+
+    Operator:                      'o',
+    Operator.Word:                 'ow',
+
+    Punctuation:                   'p',
+    Punctuation.Marker:            'pm',
+
+    Comment:                       'c',
+    Comment.Hashbang:              'ch',
+    Comment.Multiline:             'cm',
+    Comment.Preproc:               'cp',
+    Comment.PreprocFile:           'cpf',
+    Comment.Single:                'c1',
+    Comment.Special:               'cs',
+
+    Generic:                       'g',
+    Generic.Deleted:               'gd',
+    Generic.Emph:                  'ge',
+    Generic.Error:                 'gr',
+    Generic.Heading:               'gh',
+    Generic.Inserted:              'gi',
+    Generic.Output:                'go',
+    Generic.Prompt:                'gp',
+    Generic.Strong:                'gs',
+    Generic.Subheading:            'gu',
+    Generic.Traceback:             'gt',
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39f6bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""
+    pygments.unistring
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Strings of all Unicode characters of a certain category.
+    Used for matching in Unicode-aware languages. Run to regenerate.
+
+    Inspired by chartypes_create.py from the MoinMoin project.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+Cc = '\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f'
+
+Cf = '\xad\u0600-\u0605\u061c\u06dd\u070f\u08e2\u180e\u200b-\u200f\u202a-\u202e\u2060-\u2064\u2066-\u206f\ufeff\ufff9-\ufffb\U000110bd\U000110cd\U0001bca0-\U0001bca3\U0001d173-\U0001d17a\U000e0001\U000e0020-\U000e007f'
+
+Cn = '\u0378-\u0379\u0380-\u0383\u038b\u038d\u03a2\u0530\u0557-\u0558\u058b-\u058c\u0590\u05c8-\u05cf\u05eb-\u05ee\u05f5-\u05ff\u061d\u070e\u074b-\u074c\u07b2-\u07bf\u07fb-\u07fc\u082e-\u082f\u083f\u085c-\u085d\u085f\u086b-\u089f\u08b5\u08be-\u08d2\u0984\u098d-\u098e\u0991-\u0992\u09a9\u09b1\u09b3-\u09b5\u09ba-\u09bb\u09c5-\u09c6\u09c9-\u09ca\u09cf-\u09d6\u09d8-\u09db\u09de\u09e4-\u09e5\u09ff-\u0a00\u0a04\u0a0b-\u0a0e\u0a11-\u0a12\u0a29\u0a31\u0a34\u0a37\u0a3a-\u0a3b\u0a3d\u0a43-\u0a46\u0a49-\u0a4a\u0a4e-\u0a50\u0a52-\u0a58\u0a5d\u0a5f-\u0a65\u0a77-\u0a80\u0a84\u0a8e\u0a92\u0aa9\u0ab1\u0ab4\u0aba-\u0abb\u0ac6\u0aca\u0ace-\u0acf\u0ad1-\u0adf\u0ae4-\u0ae5\u0af2-\u0af8\u0b00\u0b04\u0b0d-\u0b0e\u0b11-\u0b12\u0b29\u0b31\u0b34\u0b3a-\u0b3b\u0b45-\u0b46\u0b49-\u0b4a\u0b4e-\u0b55\u0b58-\u0b5b\u0b5e\u0b64-\u0b65\u0b78-\u0b81\u0b84\u0b8b-\u0b8d\u0b91\u0b96-\u0b98\u0b9b\u0b9d\u0ba0-\u0ba2\u0ba5-\u0ba7\u0bab-\u0bad\u0bba-\u0bbd\u0bc3-\u0bc5\u0bc9\u0bce-\u0bcf\u0bd1-\u0bd6\u0bd8-\u0be5\u0bfb-\u0bff\u0c0d\u0c11\u0c29\u0c3a-\u0c3c\u0c45\u0c49\u0c4e-\u0c54\u0c57\u0c5b-\u0c5f\u0c64-\u0c65\u0c70-\u0c77\u0c8d\u0c91\u0ca9\u0cb4\u0cba-\u0cbb\u0cc5\u0cc9\u0cce-\u0cd4\u0cd7-\u0cdd\u0cdf\u0ce4-\u0ce5\u0cf0\u0cf3-\u0cff\u0d04\u0d0d\u0d11\u0d45\u0d49\u0d50-\u0d53\u0d64-\u0d65\u0d80-\u0d81\u0d84\u0d97-\u0d99\u0db2\u0dbc\u0dbe-\u0dbf\u0dc7-\u0dc9\u0dcb-\u0dce\u0dd5\u0dd7\u0de0-\u0de5\u0df0-\u0df1\u0df5-\u0e00\u0e3b-\u0e3e\u0e5c-\u0e80\u0e83\u0e85-\u0e86\u0e89\u0e8b-\u0e8c\u0e8e-\u0e93\u0e98\u0ea0\u0ea4\u0ea6\u0ea8-\u0ea9\u0eac\u0eba\u0ebe-\u0ebf\u0ec5\u0ec7\u0ece-\u0ecf\u0eda-\u0edb\u0ee0-\u0eff\u0f48\u0f6d-\u0f70\u0f98\u0fbd\u0fcd\u0fdb-\u0fff\u10c6\u10c8-\u10cc\u10ce-\u10cf\u1249\u124e-\u124f\u1257\u1259\u125e-\u125f\u1289\u128e-\u128f\u12b1\u12b6-\u12b7\u12bf\u12c1\u12c6-\u12c7\u12d7\u1311\u1316-\u1317\u135b-\u135c\u137d-\u137f\u139a-\u139f\u13f6-\u13f7\u13fe-\u13ff\u169d-\u169f\u16f9-\u16ff\u170d\u1715-\u171f\u1737-\u173f\u1754-\u175f\u176d\u1771\u1774-\u177f\u17de-\u17df\u17ea-\u17ef\u17fa-\u17ff\u180f\u181a-\u181f\u1879-\u187f\u18ab-\u18af\u18f6-\u18ff\u191f\u192c-\u192f\u193c-\u193f\u1941-\u1943\u196e-\u196f\u1975-\u197f\u19ac-\u19af\u19ca-\u19cf\u19db-\u19dd\u1a1c-\u1a1d\u1a5f\u1a7d-\u1a7e\u1a8a-\u1a8f\u1a9a-\u1a9f\u1aae-\u1aaf\u1abf-\u1aff\u1b4c-\u1b4f\u1b7d-\u1b7f\u1bf4-\u1bfb\u1c38-\u1c3a\u1c4a-\u1c4c\u1c89-\u1c8f\u1cbb-\u1cbc\u1cc8-\u1ccf\u1cfa-\u1cff\u1dfa\u1f16-\u1f17\u1f1e-\u1f1f\u1f46-\u1f47\u1f4e-\u1f4f\u1f58\u1f5a\u1f5c\u1f5e\u1f7e-\u1f7f\u1fb5\u1fc5\u1fd4-\u1fd5\u1fdc\u1ff0-\u1ff1\u1ff5\u1fff\u2065\u2072-\u2073\u208f\u209d-\u209f\u20c0-\u20cf\u20f1-\u20ff\u218c-\u218f\u2427-\u243f\u244b-\u245f\u2b74-\u2b75\u2b96-\u2b97\u2bc9\u2bff\u2c2f\u2c5f\u2cf4-\u2cf8\u2d26\u2d28-\u2d2c\u2d2e-\u2d2f\u2d68-\u2d6e\u2d71-\u2d7e\u2d97-\u2d9f\u2da7\u2daf\u2db7\u2dbf\u2dc7\u2dcf\u2dd7\u2ddf\u2e4f-\u2e7f\u2e9a\u2ef4-\u2eff\u2fd6-\u2fef\u2ffc-\u2fff\u3040\u3097-\u3098\u3100-\u3104\u3130\u318f\u31bb-\u31bf\u31e4-\u31ef\u321f\u32ff\u4db6-\u4dbf\u9ff0-\u9fff\ua48d-\ua48f\ua4c7-\ua4cf\ua62c-\ua63f\ua6f8-\ua6ff\ua7ba-\ua7f6\ua82c-\ua82f\ua83a-\ua83f\ua878-\ua87f\ua8c6-\ua8cd\ua8da-\ua8df\ua954-\ua95e\ua97d-\ua97f\ua9ce\ua9da-\ua9dd\ua9ff\uaa37-\uaa3f\uaa4e-\uaa4f\uaa5a-\uaa5b\uaac3-\uaada\uaaf7-\uab00\uab07-\uab08\uab0f-\uab10\uab17-\uab1f\uab27\uab2f\uab66-\uab6f\uabee-\uabef\uabfa-\uabff\ud7a4-\ud7af\ud7c7-\ud7ca\ud7fc-\ud7ff\ufa6e-\ufa6f\ufada-\ufaff\ufb07-\ufb12\ufb18-\ufb1c\ufb37\ufb3d\ufb3f\ufb42\ufb45\ufbc2-\ufbd2\ufd40-\ufd4f\ufd90-\ufd91\ufdc8-\ufdef\ufdfe-\ufdff\ufe1a-\ufe1f\ufe53\ufe67\ufe6c-\ufe6f\ufe75\ufefd-\ufefe\uff00\uffbf-\uffc1\uffc8-\uffc9\uffd0-\uffd1\uffd8-\uffd9\uffdd-\uffdf\uffe7\uffef-\ufff8\ufffe-\uffff\U0001000c\U00010027\U0001003b\U0001003e\U0001004e-\U0001004f\U0001005e-\U0001007f\U000100fb-\U000100ff\U00010103-\U00010106\U00010134-\U00010136\U0001018f\U0001019c-\U0001019f\U000101a1-\U000101cf\U000101fe-\U0001027f\U0001029d-\U0001029f\U000102d1-\U000102df\U000102fc-\U000102ff\U00010324-\U0001032c\U0001034b-\U0001034f\U0001037b-\U0001037f\U0001039e\U000103c4-\U000103c7\U000103d6-\U000103ff\U0001049e-\U0001049f\U000104aa-\U000104af\U000104d4-\U000104d7\U000104fc-\U000104ff\U00010528-\U0001052f\U00010564-\U0001056e\U00010570-\U000105ff\U00010737-\U0001073f\U00010756-\U0001075f\U00010768-\U000107ff\U00010806-\U00010807\U00010809\U00010836\U00010839-\U0001083b\U0001083d-\U0001083e\U00010856\U0001089f-\U000108a6\U000108b0-\U000108df\U000108f3\U000108f6-\U000108fa\U0001091c-\U0001091e\U0001093a-\U0001093e\U00010940-\U0001097f\U000109b8-\U000109bb\U000109d0-\U000109d1\U00010a04\U00010a07-\U00010a0b\U00010a14\U00010a18\U00010a36-\U00010a37\U00010a3b-\U00010a3e\U00010a49-\U00010a4f\U00010a59-\U00010a5f\U00010aa0-\U00010abf\U00010ae7-\U00010aea\U00010af7-\U00010aff\U00010b36-\U00010b38\U00010b56-\U00010b57\U00010b73-\U00010b77\U00010b92-\U00010b98\U00010b9d-\U00010ba8\U00010bb0-\U00010bff\U00010c49-\U00010c7f\U00010cb3-\U00010cbf\U00010cf3-\U00010cf9\U00010d28-\U00010d2f\U00010d3a-\U00010e5f\U00010e7f-\U00010eff\U00010f28-\U00010f2f\U00010f5a-\U00010fff\U0001104e-\U00011051\U00011070-\U0001107e\U000110c2-\U000110cc\U000110ce-\U000110cf\U000110e9-\U000110ef\U000110fa-\U000110ff\U00011135\U00011147-\U0001114f\U00011177-\U0001117f\U000111ce-\U000111cf\U000111e0\U000111f5-\U000111ff\U00011212\U0001123f-\U0001127f\U00011287\U00011289\U0001128e\U0001129e\U000112aa-\U000112af\U000112eb-\U000112ef\U000112fa-\U000112ff\U00011304\U0001130d-\U0001130e\U00011311-\U00011312\U00011329\U00011331\U00011334\U0001133a\U00011345-\U00011346\U00011349-\U0001134a\U0001134e-\U0001134f\U00011351-\U00011356\U00011358-\U0001135c\U00011364-\U00011365\U0001136d-\U0001136f\U00011375-\U000113ff\U0001145a\U0001145c\U0001145f-\U0001147f\U000114c8-\U000114cf\U000114da-\U0001157f\U000115b6-\U000115b7\U000115de-\U000115ff\U00011645-\U0001164f\U0001165a-\U0001165f\U0001166d-\U0001167f\U000116b8-\U000116bf\U000116ca-\U000116ff\U0001171b-\U0001171c\U0001172c-\U0001172f\U00011740-\U000117ff\U0001183c-\U0001189f\U000118f3-\U000118fe\U00011900-\U000119ff\U00011a48-\U00011a4f\U00011a84-\U00011a85\U00011aa3-\U00011abf\U00011af9-\U00011bff\U00011c09\U00011c37\U00011c46-\U00011c4f\U00011c6d-\U00011c6f\U00011c90-\U00011c91\U00011ca8\U00011cb7-\U00011cff\U00011d07\U00011d0a\U00011d37-\U00011d39\U00011d3b\U00011d3e\U00011d48-\U00011d4f\U00011d5a-\U00011d5f\U00011d66\U00011d69\U00011d8f\U00011d92\U00011d99-\U00011d9f\U00011daa-\U00011edf\U00011ef9-\U00011fff\U0001239a-\U000123ff\U0001246f\U00012475-\U0001247f\U00012544-\U00012fff\U0001342f-\U000143ff\U00014647-\U000167ff\U00016a39-\U00016a3f\U00016a5f\U00016a6a-\U00016a6d\U00016a70-\U00016acf\U00016aee-\U00016aef\U00016af6-\U00016aff\U00016b46-\U00016b4f\U00016b5a\U00016b62\U00016b78-\U00016b7c\U00016b90-\U00016e3f\U00016e9b-\U00016eff\U00016f45-\U00016f4f\U00016f7f-\U00016f8e\U00016fa0-\U00016fdf\U00016fe2-\U00016fff\U000187f2-\U000187ff\U00018af3-\U0001afff\U0001b11f-\U0001b16f\U0001b2fc-\U0001bbff\U0001bc6b-\U0001bc6f\U0001bc7d-\U0001bc7f\U0001bc89-\U0001bc8f\U0001bc9a-\U0001bc9b\U0001bca4-\U0001cfff\U0001d0f6-\U0001d0ff\U0001d127-\U0001d128\U0001d1e9-\U0001d1ff\U0001d246-\U0001d2df\U0001d2f4-\U0001d2ff\U0001d357-\U0001d35f\U0001d379-\U0001d3ff\U0001d455\U0001d49d\U0001d4a0-\U0001d4a1\U0001d4a3-\U0001d4a4\U0001d4a7-\U0001d4a8\U0001d4ad\U0001d4ba\U0001d4bc\U0001d4c4\U0001d506\U0001d50b-\U0001d50c\U0001d515\U0001d51d\U0001d53a\U0001d53f\U0001d545\U0001d547-\U0001d549\U0001d551\U0001d6a6-\U0001d6a7\U0001d7cc-\U0001d7cd\U0001da8c-\U0001da9a\U0001daa0\U0001dab0-\U0001dfff\U0001e007\U0001e019-\U0001e01a\U0001e022\U0001e025\U0001e02b-\U0001e7ff\U0001e8c5-\U0001e8c6\U0001e8d7-\U0001e8ff\U0001e94b-\U0001e94f\U0001e95a-\U0001e95d\U0001e960-\U0001ec70\U0001ecb5-\U0001edff\U0001ee04\U0001ee20\U0001ee23\U0001ee25-\U0001ee26\U0001ee28\U0001ee33\U0001ee38\U0001ee3a\U0001ee3c-\U0001ee41\U0001ee43-\U0001ee46\U0001ee48\U0001ee4a\U0001ee4c\U0001ee50\U0001ee53\U0001ee55-\U0001ee56\U0001ee58\U0001ee5a\U0001ee5c\U0001ee5e\U0001ee60\U0001ee63\U0001ee65-\U0001ee66\U0001ee6b\U0001ee73\U0001ee78\U0001ee7d\U0001ee7f\U0001ee8a\U0001ee9c-\U0001eea0\U0001eea4\U0001eeaa\U0001eebc-\U0001eeef\U0001eef2-\U0001efff\U0001f02c-\U0001f02f\U0001f094-\U0001f09f\U0001f0af-\U0001f0b0\U0001f0c0\U0001f0d0\U0001f0f6-\U0001f0ff\U0001f10d-\U0001f10f\U0001f16c-\U0001f16f\U0001f1ad-\U0001f1e5\U0001f203-\U0001f20f\U0001f23c-\U0001f23f\U0001f249-\U0001f24f\U0001f252-\U0001f25f\U0001f266-\U0001f2ff\U0001f6d5-\U0001f6df\U0001f6ed-\U0001f6ef\U0001f6fa-\U0001f6ff\U0001f774-\U0001f77f\U0001f7d9-\U0001f7ff\U0001f80c-\U0001f80f\U0001f848-\U0001f84f\U0001f85a-\U0001f85f\U0001f888-\U0001f88f\U0001f8ae-\U0001f8ff\U0001f90c-\U0001f90f\U0001f93f\U0001f971-\U0001f972\U0001f977-\U0001f979\U0001f97b\U0001f9a3-\U0001f9af\U0001f9ba-\U0001f9bf\U0001f9c3-\U0001f9cf\U0001fa00-\U0001fa5f\U0001fa6e-\U0001ffff\U0002a6d7-\U0002a6ff\U0002b735-\U0002b73f\U0002b81e-\U0002b81f\U0002cea2-\U0002ceaf\U0002ebe1-\U0002f7ff\U0002fa1e-\U000e0000\U000e0002-\U000e001f\U000e0080-\U000e00ff\U000e01f0-\U000effff\U000ffffe-\U000fffff\U0010fffe-\U0010ffff'
+
+Co = '\ue000-\uf8ff\U000f0000-\U000ffffd\U00100000-\U0010fffd'
+
+Cs = '\ud800-\udbff\\\udc00\udc01-\udfff'
+
+Ll = 'a-z\xb5\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff\u0101\u0103\u0105\u0107\u0109\u010b\u010d\u010f\u0111\u0113\u0115\u0117\u0119\u011b\u011d\u011f\u0121\u0123\u0125\u0127\u0129\u012b\u012d\u012f\u0131\u0133\u0135\u0137-\u0138\u013a\u013c\u013e\u0140\u0142\u0144\u0146\u0148-\u0149\u014b\u014d\u014f\u0151\u0153\u0155\u0157\u0159\u015b\u015d\u015f\u0161\u0163\u0165\u0167\u0169\u016b\u016d\u016f\u0171\u0173\u0175\u0177\u017a\u017c\u017e-\u0180\u0183\u0185\u0188\u018c-\u018d\u0192\u0195\u0199-\u019b\u019e\u01a1\u01a3\u01a5\u01a8\u01aa-\u01ab\u01ad\u01b0\u01b4\u01b6\u01b9-\u01ba\u01bd-\u01bf\u01c6\u01c9\u01cc\u01ce\u01d0\u01d2\u01d4\u01d6\u01d8\u01da\u01dc-\u01dd\u01df\u01e1\u01e3\u01e5\u01e7\u01e9\u01eb\u01ed\u01ef-\u01f0\u01f3\u01f5\u01f9\u01fb\u01fd\u01ff\u0201\u0203\u0205\u0207\u0209\u020b\u020d\u020f\u0211\u0213\u0215\u0217\u0219\u021b\u021d\u021f\u0221\u0223\u0225\u0227\u0229\u022b\u022d\u022f\u0231\u0233-\u0239\u023c\u023f-\u0240\u0242\u0247\u0249\u024b\u024d\u024f-\u0293\u0295-\u02af\u0371\u0373\u0377\u037b-\u037d\u0390\u03ac-\u03ce\u03d0-\u03d1\u03d5-\u03d7\u03d9\u03db\u03dd\u03df\u03e1\u03e3\u03e5\u03e7\u03e9\u03eb\u03ed\u03ef-\u03f3\u03f5\u03f8\u03fb-\u03fc\u0430-\u045f\u0461\u0463\u0465\u0467\u0469\u046b\u046d\u046f\u0471\u0473\u0475\u0477\u0479\u047b\u047d\u047f\u0481\u048b\u048d\u048f\u0491\u0493\u0495\u0497\u0499\u049b\u049d\u049f\u04a1\u04a3\u04a5\u04a7\u04a9\u04ab\u04ad\u04af\u04b1\u04b3\u04b5\u04b7\u04b9\u04bb\u04bd\u04bf\u04c2\u04c4\u04c6\u04c8\u04ca\u04cc\u04ce-\u04cf\u04d1\u04d3\u04d5\u04d7\u04d9\u04db\u04dd\u04df\u04e1\u04e3\u04e5\u04e7\u04e9\u04eb\u04ed\u04ef\u04f1\u04f3\u04f5\u04f7\u04f9\u04fb\u04fd\u04ff\u0501\u0503\u0505\u0507\u0509\u050b\u050d\u050f\u0511\u0513\u0515\u0517\u0519\u051b\u051d\u051f\u0521\u0523\u0525\u0527\u0529\u052b\u052d\u052f\u0560-\u0588\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fd-\u10ff\u13f8-\u13fd\u1c80-\u1c88\u1d00-\u1d2b\u1d6b-\u1d77\u1d79-\u1d9a\u1e01\u1e03\u1e05\u1e07\u1e09\u1e0b\u1e0d\u1e0f\u1e11\u1e13\u1e15\u1e17\u1e19\u1e1b\u1e1d\u1e1f\u1e21\u1e23\u1e25\u1e27\u1e29\u1e2b\u1e2d\u1e2f\u1e31\u1e33\u1e35\u1e37\u1e39\u1e3b\u1e3d\u1e3f\u1e41\u1e43\u1e45\u1e47\u1e49\u1e4b\u1e4d\u1e4f\u1e51\u1e53\u1e55\u1e57\u1e59\u1e5b\u1e5d\u1e5f\u1e61\u1e63\u1e65\u1e67\u1e69\u1e6b\u1e6d\u1e6f\u1e71\u1e73\u1e75\u1e77\u1e79\u1e7b\u1e7d\u1e7f\u1e81\u1e83\u1e85\u1e87\u1e89\u1e8b\u1e8d\u1e8f\u1e91\u1e93\u1e95-\u1e9d\u1e9f\u1ea1\u1ea3\u1ea5\u1ea7\u1ea9\u1eab\u1ead\u1eaf\u1eb1\u1eb3\u1eb5\u1eb7\u1eb9\u1ebb\u1ebd\u1ebf\u1ec1\u1ec3\u1ec5\u1ec7\u1ec9\u1ecb\u1ecd\u1ecf\u1ed1\u1ed3\u1ed5\u1ed7\u1ed9\u1edb\u1edd\u1edf\u1ee1\u1ee3\u1ee5\u1ee7\u1ee9\u1eeb\u1eed\u1eef\u1ef1\u1ef3\u1ef5\u1ef7\u1ef9\u1efb\u1efd\u1eff-\u1f07\u1f10-\u1f15\u1f20-\u1f27\u1f30-\u1f37\u1f40-\u1f45\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f60-\u1f67\u1f70-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1f87\u1f90-\u1f97\u1fa0-\u1fa7\u1fb0-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fb7\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fc7\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fd7\u1fe0-\u1fe7\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ff7\u210a\u210e-\u210f\u2113\u212f\u2134\u2139\u213c-\u213d\u2146-\u2149\u214e\u2184\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c61\u2c65-\u2c66\u2c68\u2c6a\u2c6c\u2c71\u2c73-\u2c74\u2c76-\u2c7b\u2c81\u2c83\u2c85\u2c87\u2c89\u2c8b\u2c8d\u2c8f\u2c91\u2c93\u2c95\u2c97\u2c99\u2c9b\u2c9d\u2c9f\u2ca1\u2ca3\u2ca5\u2ca7\u2ca9\u2cab\u2cad\u2caf\u2cb1\u2cb3\u2cb5\u2cb7\u2cb9\u2cbb\u2cbd\u2cbf\u2cc1\u2cc3\u2cc5\u2cc7\u2cc9\u2ccb\u2ccd\u2ccf\u2cd1\u2cd3\u2cd5\u2cd7\u2cd9\u2cdb\u2cdd\u2cdf\u2ce1\u2ce3-\u2ce4\u2cec\u2cee\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\ua641\ua643\ua645\ua647\ua649\ua64b\ua64d\ua64f\ua651\ua653\ua655\ua657\ua659\ua65b\ua65d\ua65f\ua661\ua663\ua665\ua667\ua669\ua66b\ua66d\ua681\ua683\ua685\ua687\ua689\ua68b\ua68d\ua68f\ua691\ua693\ua695\ua697\ua699\ua69b\ua723\ua725\ua727\ua729\ua72b\ua72d\ua72f-\ua731\ua733\ua735\ua737\ua739\ua73b\ua73d\ua73f\ua741\ua743\ua745\ua747\ua749\ua74b\ua74d\ua74f\ua751\ua753\ua755\ua757\ua759\ua75b\ua75d\ua75f\ua761\ua763\ua765\ua767\ua769\ua76b\ua76d\ua76f\ua771-\ua778\ua77a\ua77c\ua77f\ua781\ua783\ua785\ua787\ua78c\ua78e\ua791\ua793-\ua795\ua797\ua799\ua79b\ua79d\ua79f\ua7a1\ua7a3\ua7a5\ua7a7\ua7a9\ua7af\ua7b5\ua7b7\ua7b9\ua7fa\uab30-\uab5a\uab60-\uab65\uab70-\uabbf\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\uff41-\uff5a\U00010428-\U0001044f\U000104d8-\U000104fb\U00010cc0-\U00010cf2\U000118c0-\U000118df\U00016e60-\U00016e7f\U0001d41a-\U0001d433\U0001d44e-\U0001d454\U0001d456-\U0001d467\U0001d482-\U0001d49b\U0001d4b6-\U0001d4b9\U0001d4bb\U0001d4bd-\U0001d4c3\U0001d4c5-\U0001d4cf\U0001d4ea-\U0001d503\U0001d51e-\U0001d537\U0001d552-\U0001d56b\U0001d586-\U0001d59f\U0001d5ba-\U0001d5d3\U0001d5ee-\U0001d607\U0001d622-\U0001d63b\U0001d656-\U0001d66f\U0001d68a-\U0001d6a5\U0001d6c2-\U0001d6da\U0001d6dc-\U0001d6e1\U0001d6fc-\U0001d714\U0001d716-\U0001d71b\U0001d736-\U0001d74e\U0001d750-\U0001d755\U0001d770-\U0001d788\U0001d78a-\U0001d78f\U0001d7aa-\U0001d7c2\U0001d7c4-\U0001d7c9\U0001d7cb\U0001e922-\U0001e943'
+
+Lm = '\u02b0-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0374\u037a\u0559\u0640\u06e5-\u06e6\u07f4-\u07f5\u07fa\u081a\u0824\u0828\u0971\u0e46\u0ec6\u10fc\u17d7\u1843\u1aa7\u1c78-\u1c7d\u1d2c-\u1d6a\u1d78\u1d9b-\u1dbf\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u2c7c-\u2c7d\u2d6f\u2e2f\u3005\u3031-\u3035\u303b\u309d-\u309e\u30fc-\u30fe\ua015\ua4f8-\ua4fd\ua60c\ua67f\ua69c-\ua69d\ua717-\ua71f\ua770\ua788\ua7f8-\ua7f9\ua9cf\ua9e6\uaa70\uaadd\uaaf3-\uaaf4\uab5c-\uab5f\uff70\uff9e-\uff9f\U00016b40-\U00016b43\U00016f93-\U00016f9f\U00016fe0-\U00016fe1'
+
+Lo = '\xaa\xba\u01bb\u01c0-\u01c3\u0294\u05d0-\u05ea\u05ef-\u05f2\u0620-\u063f\u0641-\u064a\u066e-\u066f\u0671-\u06d3\u06d5\u06ee-\u06ef\u06fa-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710\u0712-\u072f\u074d-\u07a5\u07b1\u07ca-\u07ea\u0800-\u0815\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086a\u08a0-\u08b4\u08b6-\u08bd\u0904-\u0939\u093d\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0972-\u0980\u0985-\u098c\u098f-\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bd\u09ce\u09dc-\u09dd\u09df-\u09e1\u09f0-\u09f1\u09fc\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f-\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32-\u0a33\u0a35-\u0a36\u0a38-\u0a39\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a72-\u0a74\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2-\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae1\u0af9\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f-\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32-\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3d\u0b5c-\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b61\u0b71\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99-\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e-\u0b9f\u0ba3-\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bd0\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c39\u0c3d\u0c58-\u0c5a\u0c60-\u0c61\u0c80\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbd\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce1\u0cf1-\u0cf2\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d\u0d4e\u0d54-\u0d56\u0d5f-\u0d61\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0e01-\u0e30\u0e32-\u0e33\u0e40-\u0e45\u0e81-\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87-\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa-\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb0\u0eb2-\u0eb3\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f40-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f88-\u0f8c\u1000-\u102a\u103f\u1050-\u1055\u105a-\u105d\u1061\u1065-\u1066\u106e-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108e\u1100-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u1380-\u138f\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16f1-\u16f8\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1780-\u17b3\u17dc\u1820-\u1842\u1844-\u1878\u1880-\u1884\u1887-\u18a8\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191e\u1950-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u1a00-\u1a16\u1a20-\u1a54\u1b05-\u1b33\u1b45-\u1b4b\u1b83-\u1ba0\u1bae-\u1baf\u1bba-\u1be5\u1c00-\u1c23\u1c4d-\u1c4f\u1c5a-\u1c77\u1ce9-\u1cec\u1cee-\u1cf1\u1cf5-\u1cf6\u2135-\u2138\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d80-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u3006\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30ff\u3105-\u312f\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fef\ua000-\ua014\ua016-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4f7\ua500-\ua60b\ua610-\ua61f\ua62a-\ua62b\ua66e\ua6a0-\ua6e5\ua78f\ua7f7\ua7fb-\ua801\ua803-\ua805\ua807-\ua80a\ua80c-\ua822\ua840-\ua873\ua882-\ua8b3\ua8f2-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua8fd-\ua8fe\ua90a-\ua925\ua930-\ua946\ua960-\ua97c\ua984-\ua9b2\ua9e0-\ua9e4\ua9e7-\ua9ef\ua9fa-\ua9fe\uaa00-\uaa28\uaa40-\uaa42\uaa44-\uaa4b\uaa60-\uaa6f\uaa71-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7e-\uaaaf\uaab1\uaab5-\uaab6\uaab9-\uaabd\uaac0\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadc\uaae0-\uaaea\uaaf2\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uabc0-\uabe2\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb1d\ufb1f-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40-\ufb41\ufb43-\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdfb\ufe70-\ufe74\ufe76-\ufefc\uff66-\uff6f\uff71-\uff9d\uffa0-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc\U00010000-\U0001000b\U0001000d-\U00010026\U00010028-\U0001003a\U0001003c-\U0001003d\U0001003f-\U0001004d\U00010050-\U0001005d\U00010080-\U000100fa\U00010280-\U0001029c\U000102a0-\U000102d0\U00010300-\U0001031f\U0001032d-\U00010340\U00010342-\U00010349\U00010350-\U00010375\U00010380-\U0001039d\U000103a0-\U000103c3\U000103c8-\U000103cf\U00010450-\U0001049d\U00010500-\U00010527\U00010530-\U00010563\U00010600-\U00010736\U00010740-\U00010755\U00010760-\U00010767\U00010800-\U00010805\U00010808\U0001080a-\U00010835\U00010837-\U00010838\U0001083c\U0001083f-\U00010855\U00010860-\U00010876\U00010880-\U0001089e\U000108e0-\U000108f2\U000108f4-\U000108f5\U00010900-\U00010915\U00010920-\U00010939\U00010980-\U000109b7\U000109be-\U000109bf\U00010a00\U00010a10-\U00010a13\U00010a15-\U00010a17\U00010a19-\U00010a35\U00010a60-\U00010a7c\U00010a80-\U00010a9c\U00010ac0-\U00010ac7\U00010ac9-\U00010ae4\U00010b00-\U00010b35\U00010b40-\U00010b55\U00010b60-\U00010b72\U00010b80-\U00010b91\U00010c00-\U00010c48\U00010d00-\U00010d23\U00010f00-\U00010f1c\U00010f27\U00010f30-\U00010f45\U00011003-\U00011037\U00011083-\U000110af\U000110d0-\U000110e8\U00011103-\U00011126\U00011144\U00011150-\U00011172\U00011176\U00011183-\U000111b2\U000111c1-\U000111c4\U000111da\U000111dc\U00011200-\U00011211\U00011213-\U0001122b\U00011280-\U00011286\U00011288\U0001128a-\U0001128d\U0001128f-\U0001129d\U0001129f-\U000112a8\U000112b0-\U000112de\U00011305-\U0001130c\U0001130f-\U00011310\U00011313-\U00011328\U0001132a-\U00011330\U00011332-\U00011333\U00011335-\U00011339\U0001133d\U00011350\U0001135d-\U00011361\U00011400-\U00011434\U00011447-\U0001144a\U00011480-\U000114af\U000114c4-\U000114c5\U000114c7\U00011580-\U000115ae\U000115d8-\U000115db\U00011600-\U0001162f\U00011644\U00011680-\U000116aa\U00011700-\U0001171a\U00011800-\U0001182b\U000118ff\U00011a00\U00011a0b-\U00011a32\U00011a3a\U00011a50\U00011a5c-\U00011a83\U00011a86-\U00011a89\U00011a9d\U00011ac0-\U00011af8\U00011c00-\U00011c08\U00011c0a-\U00011c2e\U00011c40\U00011c72-\U00011c8f\U00011d00-\U00011d06\U00011d08-\U00011d09\U00011d0b-\U00011d30\U00011d46\U00011d60-\U00011d65\U00011d67-\U00011d68\U00011d6a-\U00011d89\U00011d98\U00011ee0-\U00011ef2\U00012000-\U00012399\U00012480-\U00012543\U00013000-\U0001342e\U00014400-\U00014646\U00016800-\U00016a38\U00016a40-\U00016a5e\U00016ad0-\U00016aed\U00016b00-\U00016b2f\U00016b63-\U00016b77\U00016b7d-\U00016b8f\U00016f00-\U00016f44\U00016f50\U00017000-\U000187f1\U00018800-\U00018af2\U0001b000-\U0001b11e\U0001b170-\U0001b2fb\U0001bc00-\U0001bc6a\U0001bc70-\U0001bc7c\U0001bc80-\U0001bc88\U0001bc90-\U0001bc99\U0001e800-\U0001e8c4\U0001ee00-\U0001ee03\U0001ee05-\U0001ee1f\U0001ee21-\U0001ee22\U0001ee24\U0001ee27\U0001ee29-\U0001ee32\U0001ee34-\U0001ee37\U0001ee39\U0001ee3b\U0001ee42\U0001ee47\U0001ee49\U0001ee4b\U0001ee4d-\U0001ee4f\U0001ee51-\U0001ee52\U0001ee54\U0001ee57\U0001ee59\U0001ee5b\U0001ee5d\U0001ee5f\U0001ee61-\U0001ee62\U0001ee64\U0001ee67-\U0001ee6a\U0001ee6c-\U0001ee72\U0001ee74-\U0001ee77\U0001ee79-\U0001ee7c\U0001ee7e\U0001ee80-\U0001ee89\U0001ee8b-\U0001ee9b\U0001eea1-\U0001eea3\U0001eea5-\U0001eea9\U0001eeab-\U0001eebb\U00020000-\U0002a6d6\U0002a700-\U0002b734\U0002b740-\U0002b81d\U0002b820-\U0002cea1\U0002ceb0-\U0002ebe0\U0002f800-\U0002fa1d'
+
+Lt = '\u01c5\u01c8\u01cb\u01f2\u1f88-\u1f8f\u1f98-\u1f9f\u1fa8-\u1faf\u1fbc\u1fcc\u1ffc'
+
+Lu = 'A-Z\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\u0100\u0102\u0104\u0106\u0108\u010a\u010c\u010e\u0110\u0112\u0114\u0116\u0118\u011a\u011c\u011e\u0120\u0122\u0124\u0126\u0128\u012a\u012c\u012e\u0130\u0132\u0134\u0136\u0139\u013b\u013d\u013f\u0141\u0143\u0145\u0147\u014a\u014c\u014e\u0150\u0152\u0154\u0156\u0158\u015a\u015c\u015e\u0160\u0162\u0164\u0166\u0168\u016a\u016c\u016e\u0170\u0172\u0174\u0176\u0178-\u0179\u017b\u017d\u0181-\u0182\u0184\u0186-\u0187\u0189-\u018b\u018e-\u0191\u0193-\u0194\u0196-\u0198\u019c-\u019d\u019f-\u01a0\u01a2\u01a4\u01a6-\u01a7\u01a9\u01ac\u01ae-\u01af\u01b1-\u01b3\u01b5\u01b7-\u01b8\u01bc\u01c4\u01c7\u01ca\u01cd\u01cf\u01d1\u01d3\u01d5\u01d7\u01d9\u01db\u01de\u01e0\u01e2\u01e4\u01e6\u01e8\u01ea\u01ec\u01ee\u01f1\u01f4\u01f6-\u01f8\u01fa\u01fc\u01fe\u0200\u0202\u0204\u0206\u0208\u020a\u020c\u020e\u0210\u0212\u0214\u0216\u0218\u021a\u021c\u021e\u0220\u0222\u0224\u0226\u0228\u022a\u022c\u022e\u0230\u0232\u023a-\u023b\u023d-\u023e\u0241\u0243-\u0246\u0248\u024a\u024c\u024e\u0370\u0372\u0376\u037f\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u038f\u0391-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03ab\u03cf\u03d2-\u03d4\u03d8\u03da\u03dc\u03de\u03e0\u03e2\u03e4\u03e6\u03e8\u03ea\u03ec\u03ee\u03f4\u03f7\u03f9-\u03fa\u03fd-\u042f\u0460\u0462\u0464\u0466\u0468\u046a\u046c\u046e\u0470\u0472\u0474\u0476\u0478\u047a\u047c\u047e\u0480\u048a\u048c\u048e\u0490\u0492\u0494\u0496\u0498\u049a\u049c\u049e\u04a0\u04a2\u04a4\u04a6\u04a8\u04aa\u04ac\u04ae\u04b0\u04b2\u04b4\u04b6\u04b8\u04ba\u04bc\u04be\u04c0-\u04c1\u04c3\u04c5\u04c7\u04c9\u04cb\u04cd\u04d0\u04d2\u04d4\u04d6\u04d8\u04da\u04dc\u04de\u04e0\u04e2\u04e4\u04e6\u04e8\u04ea\u04ec\u04ee\u04f0\u04f2\u04f4\u04f6\u04f8\u04fa\u04fc\u04fe\u0500\u0502\u0504\u0506\u0508\u050a\u050c\u050e\u0510\u0512\u0514\u0516\u0518\u051a\u051c\u051e\u0520\u0522\u0524\u0526\u0528\u052a\u052c\u052e\u0531-\u0556\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u13a0-\u13f5\u1c90-\u1cba\u1cbd-\u1cbf\u1e00\u1e02\u1e04\u1e06\u1e08\u1e0a\u1e0c\u1e0e\u1e10\u1e12\u1e14\u1e16\u1e18\u1e1a\u1e1c\u1e1e\u1e20\u1e22\u1e24\u1e26\u1e28\u1e2a\u1e2c\u1e2e\u1e30\u1e32\u1e34\u1e36\u1e38\u1e3a\u1e3c\u1e3e\u1e40\u1e42\u1e44\u1e46\u1e48\u1e4a\u1e4c\u1e4e\u1e50\u1e52\u1e54\u1e56\u1e58\u1e5a\u1e5c\u1e5e\u1e60\u1e62\u1e64\u1e66\u1e68\u1e6a\u1e6c\u1e6e\u1e70\u1e72\u1e74\u1e76\u1e78\u1e7a\u1e7c\u1e7e\u1e80\u1e82\u1e84\u1e86\u1e88\u1e8a\u1e8c\u1e8e\u1e90\u1e92\u1e94\u1e9e\u1ea0\u1ea2\u1ea4\u1ea6\u1ea8\u1eaa\u1eac\u1eae\u1eb0\u1eb2\u1eb4\u1eb6\u1eb8\u1eba\u1ebc\u1ebe\u1ec0\u1ec2\u1ec4\u1ec6\u1ec8\u1eca\u1ecc\u1ece\u1ed0\u1ed2\u1ed4\u1ed6\u1ed8\u1eda\u1edc\u1ede\u1ee0\u1ee2\u1ee4\u1ee6\u1ee8\u1eea\u1eec\u1eee\u1ef0\u1ef2\u1ef4\u1ef6\u1ef8\u1efa\u1efc\u1efe\u1f08-\u1f0f\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f28-\u1f2f\u1f38-\u1f3f\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f\u1f68-\u1f6f\u1fb8-\u1fbb\u1fc8-\u1fcb\u1fd8-\u1fdb\u1fe8-\u1fec\u1ff8-\u1ffb\u2102\u2107\u210b-\u210d\u2110-\u2112\u2115\u2119-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u212d\u2130-\u2133\u213e-\u213f\u2145\u2183\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c60\u2c62-\u2c64\u2c67\u2c69\u2c6b\u2c6d-\u2c70\u2c72\u2c75\u2c7e-\u2c80\u2c82\u2c84\u2c86\u2c88\u2c8a\u2c8c\u2c8e\u2c90\u2c92\u2c94\u2c96\u2c98\u2c9a\u2c9c\u2c9e\u2ca0\u2ca2\u2ca4\u2ca6\u2ca8\u2caa\u2cac\u2cae\u2cb0\u2cb2\u2cb4\u2cb6\u2cb8\u2cba\u2cbc\u2cbe\u2cc0\u2cc2\u2cc4\u2cc6\u2cc8\u2cca\u2ccc\u2cce\u2cd0\u2cd2\u2cd4\u2cd6\u2cd8\u2cda\u2cdc\u2cde\u2ce0\u2ce2\u2ceb\u2ced\u2cf2\ua640\ua642\ua644\ua646\ua648\ua64a\ua64c\ua64e\ua650\ua652\ua654\ua656\ua658\ua65a\ua65c\ua65e\ua660\ua662\ua664\ua666\ua668\ua66a\ua66c\ua680\ua682\ua684\ua686\ua688\ua68a\ua68c\ua68e\ua690\ua692\ua694\ua696\ua698\ua69a\ua722\ua724\ua726\ua728\ua72a\ua72c\ua72e\ua732\ua734\ua736\ua738\ua73a\ua73c\ua73e\ua740\ua742\ua744\ua746\ua748\ua74a\ua74c\ua74e\ua750\ua752\ua754\ua756\ua758\ua75a\ua75c\ua75e\ua760\ua762\ua764\ua766\ua768\ua76a\ua76c\ua76e\ua779\ua77b\ua77d-\ua77e\ua780\ua782\ua784\ua786\ua78b\ua78d\ua790\ua792\ua796\ua798\ua79a\ua79c\ua79e\ua7a0\ua7a2\ua7a4\ua7a6\ua7a8\ua7aa-\ua7ae\ua7b0-\ua7b4\ua7b6\ua7b8\uff21-\uff3a\U00010400-\U00010427\U000104b0-\U000104d3\U00010c80-\U00010cb2\U000118a0-\U000118bf\U00016e40-\U00016e5f\U0001d400-\U0001d419\U0001d434-\U0001d44d\U0001d468-\U0001d481\U0001d49c\U0001d49e-\U0001d49f\U0001d4a2\U0001d4a5-\U0001d4a6\U0001d4a9-\U0001d4ac\U0001d4ae-\U0001d4b5\U0001d4d0-\U0001d4e9\U0001d504-\U0001d505\U0001d507-\U0001d50a\U0001d50d-\U0001d514\U0001d516-\U0001d51c\U0001d538-\U0001d539\U0001d53b-\U0001d53e\U0001d540-\U0001d544\U0001d546\U0001d54a-\U0001d550\U0001d56c-\U0001d585\U0001d5a0-\U0001d5b9\U0001d5d4-\U0001d5ed\U0001d608-\U0001d621\U0001d63c-\U0001d655\U0001d670-\U0001d689\U0001d6a8-\U0001d6c0\U0001d6e2-\U0001d6fa\U0001d71c-\U0001d734\U0001d756-\U0001d76e\U0001d790-\U0001d7a8\U0001d7ca\U0001e900-\U0001e921'
+
+Mc = '\u0903\u093b\u093e-\u0940\u0949-\u094c\u094e-\u094f\u0982-\u0983\u09be-\u09c0\u09c7-\u09c8\u09cb-\u09cc\u09d7\u0a03\u0a3e-\u0a40\u0a83\u0abe-\u0ac0\u0ac9\u0acb-\u0acc\u0b02-\u0b03\u0b3e\u0b40\u0b47-\u0b48\u0b4b-\u0b4c\u0b57\u0bbe-\u0bbf\u0bc1-\u0bc2\u0bc6-\u0bc8\u0bca-\u0bcc\u0bd7\u0c01-\u0c03\u0c41-\u0c44\u0c82-\u0c83\u0cbe\u0cc0-\u0cc4\u0cc7-\u0cc8\u0cca-\u0ccb\u0cd5-\u0cd6\u0d02-\u0d03\u0d3e-\u0d40\u0d46-\u0d48\u0d4a-\u0d4c\u0d57\u0d82-\u0d83\u0dcf-\u0dd1\u0dd8-\u0ddf\u0df2-\u0df3\u0f3e-\u0f3f\u0f7f\u102b-\u102c\u1031\u1038\u103b-\u103c\u1056-\u1057\u1062-\u1064\u1067-\u106d\u1083-\u1084\u1087-\u108c\u108f\u109a-\u109c\u17b6\u17be-\u17c5\u17c7-\u17c8\u1923-\u1926\u1929-\u192b\u1930-\u1931\u1933-\u1938\u1a19-\u1a1a\u1a55\u1a57\u1a61\u1a63-\u1a64\u1a6d-\u1a72\u1b04\u1b35\u1b3b\u1b3d-\u1b41\u1b43-\u1b44\u1b82\u1ba1\u1ba6-\u1ba7\u1baa\u1be7\u1bea-\u1bec\u1bee\u1bf2-\u1bf3\u1c24-\u1c2b\u1c34-\u1c35\u1ce1\u1cf2-\u1cf3\u1cf7\u302e-\u302f\ua823-\ua824\ua827\ua880-\ua881\ua8b4-\ua8c3\ua952-\ua953\ua983\ua9b4-\ua9b5\ua9ba-\ua9bb\ua9bd-\ua9c0\uaa2f-\uaa30\uaa33-\uaa34\uaa4d\uaa7b\uaa7d\uaaeb\uaaee-\uaaef\uaaf5\uabe3-\uabe4\uabe6-\uabe7\uabe9-\uabea\uabec\U00011000\U00011002\U00011082\U000110b0-\U000110b2\U000110b7-\U000110b8\U0001112c\U00011145-\U00011146\U00011182\U000111b3-\U000111b5\U000111bf-\U000111c0\U0001122c-\U0001122e\U00011232-\U00011233\U00011235\U000112e0-\U000112e2\U00011302-\U00011303\U0001133e-\U0001133f\U00011341-\U00011344\U00011347-\U00011348\U0001134b-\U0001134d\U00011357\U00011362-\U00011363\U00011435-\U00011437\U00011440-\U00011441\U00011445\U000114b0-\U000114b2\U000114b9\U000114bb-\U000114be\U000114c1\U000115af-\U000115b1\U000115b8-\U000115bb\U000115be\U00011630-\U00011632\U0001163b-\U0001163c\U0001163e\U000116ac\U000116ae-\U000116af\U000116b6\U00011720-\U00011721\U00011726\U0001182c-\U0001182e\U00011838\U00011a39\U00011a57-\U00011a58\U00011a97\U00011c2f\U00011c3e\U00011ca9\U00011cb1\U00011cb4\U00011d8a-\U00011d8e\U00011d93-\U00011d94\U00011d96\U00011ef5-\U00011ef6\U00016f51-\U00016f7e\U0001d165-\U0001d166\U0001d16d-\U0001d172'
+
+Me = '\u0488-\u0489\u1abe\u20dd-\u20e0\u20e2-\u20e4\ua670-\ua672'
+
+Mn = '\u0300-\u036f\u0483-\u0487\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1-\u05c2\u05c4-\u05c5\u05c7\u0610-\u061a\u064b-\u065f\u0670\u06d6-\u06dc\u06df-\u06e4\u06e7-\u06e8\u06ea-\u06ed\u0711\u0730-\u074a\u07a6-\u07b0\u07eb-\u07f3\u07fd\u0816-\u0819\u081b-\u0823\u0825-\u0827\u0829-\u082d\u0859-\u085b\u08d3-\u08e1\u08e3-\u0902\u093a\u093c\u0941-\u0948\u094d\u0951-\u0957\u0962-\u0963\u0981\u09bc\u09c1-\u09c4\u09cd\u09e2-\u09e3\u09fe\u0a01-\u0a02\u0a3c\u0a41-\u0a42\u0a47-\u0a48\u0a4b-\u0a4d\u0a51\u0a70-\u0a71\u0a75\u0a81-\u0a82\u0abc\u0ac1-\u0ac5\u0ac7-\u0ac8\u0acd\u0ae2-\u0ae3\u0afa-\u0aff\u0b01\u0b3c\u0b3f\u0b41-\u0b44\u0b4d\u0b56\u0b62-\u0b63\u0b82\u0bc0\u0bcd\u0c00\u0c04\u0c3e-\u0c40\u0c46-\u0c48\u0c4a-\u0c4d\u0c55-\u0c56\u0c62-\u0c63\u0c81\u0cbc\u0cbf\u0cc6\u0ccc-\u0ccd\u0ce2-\u0ce3\u0d00-\u0d01\u0d3b-\u0d3c\u0d41-\u0d44\u0d4d\u0d62-\u0d63\u0dca\u0dd2-\u0dd4\u0dd6\u0e31\u0e34-\u0e3a\u0e47-\u0e4e\u0eb1\u0eb4-\u0eb9\u0ebb-\u0ebc\u0ec8-\u0ecd\u0f18-\u0f19\u0f35\u0f37\u0f39\u0f71-\u0f7e\u0f80-\u0f84\u0f86-\u0f87\u0f8d-\u0f97\u0f99-\u0fbc\u0fc6\u102d-\u1030\u1032-\u1037\u1039-\u103a\u103d-\u103e\u1058-\u1059\u105e-\u1060\u1071-\u1074\u1082\u1085-\u1086\u108d\u109d\u135d-\u135f\u1712-\u1714\u1732-\u1734\u1752-\u1753\u1772-\u1773\u17b4-\u17b5\u17b7-\u17bd\u17c6\u17c9-\u17d3\u17dd\u180b-\u180d\u1885-\u1886\u18a9\u1920-\u1922\u1927-\u1928\u1932\u1939-\u193b\u1a17-\u1a18\u1a1b\u1a56\u1a58-\u1a5e\u1a60\u1a62\u1a65-\u1a6c\u1a73-\u1a7c\u1a7f\u1ab0-\u1abd\u1b00-\u1b03\u1b34\u1b36-\u1b3a\u1b3c\u1b42\u1b6b-\u1b73\u1b80-\u1b81\u1ba2-\u1ba5\u1ba8-\u1ba9\u1bab-\u1bad\u1be6\u1be8-\u1be9\u1bed\u1bef-\u1bf1\u1c2c-\u1c33\u1c36-\u1c37\u1cd0-\u1cd2\u1cd4-\u1ce0\u1ce2-\u1ce8\u1ced\u1cf4\u1cf8-\u1cf9\u1dc0-\u1df9\u1dfb-\u1dff\u20d0-\u20dc\u20e1\u20e5-\u20f0\u2cef-\u2cf1\u2d7f\u2de0-\u2dff\u302a-\u302d\u3099-\u309a\ua66f\ua674-\ua67d\ua69e-\ua69f\ua6f0-\ua6f1\ua802\ua806\ua80b\ua825-\ua826\ua8c4-\ua8c5\ua8e0-\ua8f1\ua8ff\ua926-\ua92d\ua947-\ua951\ua980-\ua982\ua9b3\ua9b6-\ua9b9\ua9bc\ua9e5\uaa29-\uaa2e\uaa31-\uaa32\uaa35-\uaa36\uaa43\uaa4c\uaa7c\uaab0\uaab2-\uaab4\uaab7-\uaab8\uaabe-\uaabf\uaac1\uaaec-\uaaed\uaaf6\uabe5\uabe8\uabed\ufb1e\ufe00-\ufe0f\ufe20-\ufe2f\U000101fd\U000102e0\U00010376-\U0001037a\U00010a01-\U00010a03\U00010a05-\U00010a06\U00010a0c-\U00010a0f\U00010a38-\U00010a3a\U00010a3f\U00010ae5-\U00010ae6\U00010d24-\U00010d27\U00010f46-\U00010f50\U00011001\U00011038-\U00011046\U0001107f-\U00011081\U000110b3-\U000110b6\U000110b9-\U000110ba\U00011100-\U00011102\U00011127-\U0001112b\U0001112d-\U00011134\U00011173\U00011180-\U00011181\U000111b6-\U000111be\U000111c9-\U000111cc\U0001122f-\U00011231\U00011234\U00011236-\U00011237\U0001123e\U000112df\U000112e3-\U000112ea\U00011300-\U00011301\U0001133b-\U0001133c\U00011340\U00011366-\U0001136c\U00011370-\U00011374\U00011438-\U0001143f\U00011442-\U00011444\U00011446\U0001145e\U000114b3-\U000114b8\U000114ba\U000114bf-\U000114c0\U000114c2-\U000114c3\U000115b2-\U000115b5\U000115bc-\U000115bd\U000115bf-\U000115c0\U000115dc-\U000115dd\U00011633-\U0001163a\U0001163d\U0001163f-\U00011640\U000116ab\U000116ad\U000116b0-\U000116b5\U000116b7\U0001171d-\U0001171f\U00011722-\U00011725\U00011727-\U0001172b\U0001182f-\U00011837\U00011839-\U0001183a\U00011a01-\U00011a0a\U00011a33-\U00011a38\U00011a3b-\U00011a3e\U00011a47\U00011a51-\U00011a56\U00011a59-\U00011a5b\U00011a8a-\U00011a96\U00011a98-\U00011a99\U00011c30-\U00011c36\U00011c38-\U00011c3d\U00011c3f\U00011c92-\U00011ca7\U00011caa-\U00011cb0\U00011cb2-\U00011cb3\U00011cb5-\U00011cb6\U00011d31-\U00011d36\U00011d3a\U00011d3c-\U00011d3d\U00011d3f-\U00011d45\U00011d47\U00011d90-\U00011d91\U00011d95\U00011d97\U00011ef3-\U00011ef4\U00016af0-\U00016af4\U00016b30-\U00016b36\U00016f8f-\U00016f92\U0001bc9d-\U0001bc9e\U0001d167-\U0001d169\U0001d17b-\U0001d182\U0001d185-\U0001d18b\U0001d1aa-\U0001d1ad\U0001d242-\U0001d244\U0001da00-\U0001da36\U0001da3b-\U0001da6c\U0001da75\U0001da84\U0001da9b-\U0001da9f\U0001daa1-\U0001daaf\U0001e000-\U0001e006\U0001e008-\U0001e018\U0001e01b-\U0001e021\U0001e023-\U0001e024\U0001e026-\U0001e02a\U0001e8d0-\U0001e8d6\U0001e944-\U0001e94a\U000e0100-\U000e01ef'
+
+Nd = '0-9\u0660-\u0669\u06f0-\u06f9\u07c0-\u07c9\u0966-\u096f\u09e6-\u09ef\u0a66-\u0a6f\u0ae6-\u0aef\u0b66-\u0b6f\u0be6-\u0bef\u0c66-\u0c6f\u0ce6-\u0cef\u0d66-\u0d6f\u0de6-\u0def\u0e50-\u0e59\u0ed0-\u0ed9\u0f20-\u0f29\u1040-\u1049\u1090-\u1099\u17e0-\u17e9\u1810-\u1819\u1946-\u194f\u19d0-\u19d9\u1a80-\u1a89\u1a90-\u1a99\u1b50-\u1b59\u1bb0-\u1bb9\u1c40-\u1c49\u1c50-\u1c59\ua620-\ua629\ua8d0-\ua8d9\ua900-\ua909\ua9d0-\ua9d9\ua9f0-\ua9f9\uaa50-\uaa59\uabf0-\uabf9\uff10-\uff19\U000104a0-\U000104a9\U00010d30-\U00010d39\U00011066-\U0001106f\U000110f0-\U000110f9\U00011136-\U0001113f\U000111d0-\U000111d9\U000112f0-\U000112f9\U00011450-\U00011459\U000114d0-\U000114d9\U00011650-\U00011659\U000116c0-\U000116c9\U00011730-\U00011739\U000118e0-\U000118e9\U00011c50-\U00011c59\U00011d50-\U00011d59\U00011da0-\U00011da9\U00016a60-\U00016a69\U00016b50-\U00016b59\U0001d7ce-\U0001d7ff\U0001e950-\U0001e959'
+
+Nl = '\u16ee-\u16f0\u2160-\u2182\u2185-\u2188\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3038-\u303a\ua6e6-\ua6ef\U00010140-\U00010174\U00010341\U0001034a\U000103d1-\U000103d5\U00012400-\U0001246e'
+
+No = '\xb2-\xb3\xb9\xbc-\xbe\u09f4-\u09f9\u0b72-\u0b77\u0bf0-\u0bf2\u0c78-\u0c7e\u0d58-\u0d5e\u0d70-\u0d78\u0f2a-\u0f33\u1369-\u137c\u17f0-\u17f9\u19da\u2070\u2074-\u2079\u2080-\u2089\u2150-\u215f\u2189\u2460-\u249b\u24ea-\u24ff\u2776-\u2793\u2cfd\u3192-\u3195\u3220-\u3229\u3248-\u324f\u3251-\u325f\u3280-\u3289\u32b1-\u32bf\ua830-\ua835\U00010107-\U00010133\U00010175-\U00010178\U0001018a-\U0001018b\U000102e1-\U000102fb\U00010320-\U00010323\U00010858-\U0001085f\U00010879-\U0001087f\U000108a7-\U000108af\U000108fb-\U000108ff\U00010916-\U0001091b\U000109bc-\U000109bd\U000109c0-\U000109cf\U000109d2-\U000109ff\U00010a40-\U00010a48\U00010a7d-\U00010a7e\U00010a9d-\U00010a9f\U00010aeb-\U00010aef\U00010b58-\U00010b5f\U00010b78-\U00010b7f\U00010ba9-\U00010baf\U00010cfa-\U00010cff\U00010e60-\U00010e7e\U00010f1d-\U00010f26\U00010f51-\U00010f54\U00011052-\U00011065\U000111e1-\U000111f4\U0001173a-\U0001173b\U000118ea-\U000118f2\U00011c5a-\U00011c6c\U00016b5b-\U00016b61\U00016e80-\U00016e96\U0001d2e0-\U0001d2f3\U0001d360-\U0001d378\U0001e8c7-\U0001e8cf\U0001ec71-\U0001ecab\U0001ecad-\U0001ecaf\U0001ecb1-\U0001ecb4\U0001f100-\U0001f10c'
+
+Pc = '_\u203f-\u2040\u2054\ufe33-\ufe34\ufe4d-\ufe4f\uff3f'
+
+Pd = '\\-\u058a\u05be\u1400\u1806\u2010-\u2015\u2e17\u2e1a\u2e3a-\u2e3b\u2e40\u301c\u3030\u30a0\ufe31-\ufe32\ufe58\ufe63\uff0d'
+
+Pe = ')\\]}\u0f3b\u0f3d\u169c\u2046\u207e\u208e\u2309\u230b\u232a\u2769\u276b\u276d\u276f\u2771\u2773\u2775\u27c6\u27e7\u27e9\u27eb\u27ed\u27ef\u2984\u2986\u2988\u298a\u298c\u298e\u2990\u2992\u2994\u2996\u2998\u29d9\u29db\u29fd\u2e23\u2e25\u2e27\u2e29\u3009\u300b\u300d\u300f\u3011\u3015\u3017\u3019\u301b\u301e-\u301f\ufd3e\ufe18\ufe36\ufe38\ufe3a\ufe3c\ufe3e\ufe40\ufe42\ufe44\ufe48\ufe5a\ufe5c\ufe5e\uff09\uff3d\uff5d\uff60\uff63'
+
+Pf = '\xbb\u2019\u201d\u203a\u2e03\u2e05\u2e0a\u2e0d\u2e1d\u2e21'
+
+Pi = '\xab\u2018\u201b-\u201c\u201f\u2039\u2e02\u2e04\u2e09\u2e0c\u2e1c\u2e20'
+
+Po = "!-#%-'*,.-/:-;?-@\\\\\xa1\xa7\xb6-\xb7\xbf\u037e\u0387\u055a-\u055f\u0589\u05c0\u05c3\u05c6\u05f3-\u05f4\u0609-\u060a\u060c-\u060d\u061b\u061e-\u061f\u066a-\u066d\u06d4\u0700-\u070d\u07f7-\u07f9\u0830-\u083e\u085e\u0964-\u0965\u0970\u09fd\u0a76\u0af0\u0c84\u0df4\u0e4f\u0e5a-\u0e5b\u0f04-\u0f12\u0f14\u0f85\u0fd0-\u0fd4\u0fd9-\u0fda\u104a-\u104f\u10fb\u1360-\u1368\u166d-\u166e\u16eb-\u16ed\u1735-\u1736\u17d4-\u17d6\u17d8-\u17da\u1800-\u1805\u1807-\u180a\u1944-\u1945\u1a1e-\u1a1f\u1aa0-\u1aa6\u1aa8-\u1aad\u1b5a-\u1b60\u1bfc-\u1bff\u1c3b-\u1c3f\u1c7e-\u1c7f\u1cc0-\u1cc7\u1cd3\u2016-\u2017\u2020-\u2027\u2030-\u2038\u203b-\u203e\u2041-\u2043\u2047-\u2051\u2053\u2055-\u205e\u2cf9-\u2cfc\u2cfe-\u2cff\u2d70\u2e00-\u2e01\u2e06-\u2e08\u2e0b\u2e0e-\u2e16\u2e18-\u2e19\u2e1b\u2e1e-\u2e1f\u2e2a-\u2e2e\u2e30-\u2e39\u2e3c-\u2e3f\u2e41\u2e43-\u2e4e\u3001-\u3003\u303d\u30fb\ua4fe-\ua4ff\ua60d-\ua60f\ua673\ua67e\ua6f2-\ua6f7\ua874-\ua877\ua8ce-\ua8cf\ua8f8-\ua8fa\ua8fc\ua92e-\ua92f\ua95f\ua9c1-\ua9cd\ua9de-\ua9df\uaa5c-\uaa5f\uaade-\uaadf\uaaf0-\uaaf1\uabeb\ufe10-\ufe16\ufe19\ufe30\ufe45-\ufe46\ufe49-\ufe4c\ufe50-\ufe52\ufe54-\ufe57\ufe5f-\ufe61\ufe68\ufe6a-\ufe6b\uff01-\uff03\uff05-\uff07\uff0a\uff0c\uff0e-\uff0f\uff1a-\uff1b\uff1f-\uff20\uff3c\uff61\uff64-\uff65\U00010100-\U00010102\U0001039f\U000103d0\U0001056f\U00010857\U0001091f\U0001093f\U00010a50-\U00010a58\U00010a7f\U00010af0-\U00010af6\U00010b39-\U00010b3f\U00010b99-\U00010b9c\U00010f55-\U00010f59\U00011047-\U0001104d\U000110bb-\U000110bc\U000110be-\U000110c1\U00011140-\U00011143\U00011174-\U00011175\U000111c5-\U000111c8\U000111cd\U000111db\U000111dd-\U000111df\U00011238-\U0001123d\U000112a9\U0001144b-\U0001144f\U0001145b\U0001145d\U000114c6\U000115c1-\U000115d7\U00011641-\U00011643\U00011660-\U0001166c\U0001173c-\U0001173e\U0001183b\U00011a3f-\U00011a46\U00011a9a-\U00011a9c\U00011a9e-\U00011aa2\U00011c41-\U00011c45\U00011c70-\U00011c71\U00011ef7-\U00011ef8\U00012470-\U00012474\U00016a6e-\U00016a6f\U00016af5\U00016b37-\U00016b3b\U00016b44\U00016e97-\U00016e9a\U0001bc9f\U0001da87-\U0001da8b\U0001e95e-\U0001e95f"
+
+Ps = '(\\[{\u0f3a\u0f3c\u169b\u201a\u201e\u2045\u207d\u208d\u2308\u230a\u2329\u2768\u276a\u276c\u276e\u2770\u2772\u2774\u27c5\u27e6\u27e8\u27ea\u27ec\u27ee\u2983\u2985\u2987\u2989\u298b\u298d\u298f\u2991\u2993\u2995\u2997\u29d8\u29da\u29fc\u2e22\u2e24\u2e26\u2e28\u2e42\u3008\u300a\u300c\u300e\u3010\u3014\u3016\u3018\u301a\u301d\ufd3f\ufe17\ufe35\ufe37\ufe39\ufe3b\ufe3d\ufe3f\ufe41\ufe43\ufe47\ufe59\ufe5b\ufe5d\uff08\uff3b\uff5b\uff5f\uff62'
+
+Sc = '$\xa2-\xa5\u058f\u060b\u07fe-\u07ff\u09f2-\u09f3\u09fb\u0af1\u0bf9\u0e3f\u17db\u20a0-\u20bf\ua838\ufdfc\ufe69\uff04\uffe0-\uffe1\uffe5-\uffe6\U0001ecb0'
+
+Sk = '\\^`\xa8\xaf\xb4\xb8\u02c2-\u02c5\u02d2-\u02df\u02e5-\u02eb\u02ed\u02ef-\u02ff\u0375\u0384-\u0385\u1fbd\u1fbf-\u1fc1\u1fcd-\u1fcf\u1fdd-\u1fdf\u1fed-\u1fef\u1ffd-\u1ffe\u309b-\u309c\ua700-\ua716\ua720-\ua721\ua789-\ua78a\uab5b\ufbb2-\ufbc1\uff3e\uff40\uffe3\U0001f3fb-\U0001f3ff'
+
+Sm = '+<->|~\xac\xb1\xd7\xf7\u03f6\u0606-\u0608\u2044\u2052\u207a-\u207c\u208a-\u208c\u2118\u2140-\u2144\u214b\u2190-\u2194\u219a-\u219b\u21a0\u21a3\u21a6\u21ae\u21ce-\u21cf\u21d2\u21d4\u21f4-\u22ff\u2320-\u2321\u237c\u239b-\u23b3\u23dc-\u23e1\u25b7\u25c1\u25f8-\u25ff\u266f\u27c0-\u27c4\u27c7-\u27e5\u27f0-\u27ff\u2900-\u2982\u2999-\u29d7\u29dc-\u29fb\u29fe-\u2aff\u2b30-\u2b44\u2b47-\u2b4c\ufb29\ufe62\ufe64-\ufe66\uff0b\uff1c-\uff1e\uff5c\uff5e\uffe2\uffe9-\uffec\U0001d6c1\U0001d6db\U0001d6fb\U0001d715\U0001d735\U0001d74f\U0001d76f\U0001d789\U0001d7a9\U0001d7c3\U0001eef0-\U0001eef1'
+
+So = '\xa6\xa9\xae\xb0\u0482\u058d-\u058e\u060e-\u060f\u06de\u06e9\u06fd-\u06fe\u07f6\u09fa\u0b70\u0bf3-\u0bf8\u0bfa\u0c7f\u0d4f\u0d79\u0f01-\u0f03\u0f13\u0f15-\u0f17\u0f1a-\u0f1f\u0f34\u0f36\u0f38\u0fbe-\u0fc5\u0fc7-\u0fcc\u0fce-\u0fcf\u0fd5-\u0fd8\u109e-\u109f\u1390-\u1399\u1940\u19de-\u19ff\u1b61-\u1b6a\u1b74-\u1b7c\u2100-\u2101\u2103-\u2106\u2108-\u2109\u2114\u2116-\u2117\u211e-\u2123\u2125\u2127\u2129\u212e\u213a-\u213b\u214a\u214c-\u214d\u214f\u218a-\u218b\u2195-\u2199\u219c-\u219f\u21a1-\u21a2\u21a4-\u21a5\u21a7-\u21ad\u21af-\u21cd\u21d0-\u21d1\u21d3\u21d5-\u21f3\u2300-\u2307\u230c-\u231f\u2322-\u2328\u232b-\u237b\u237d-\u239a\u23b4-\u23db\u23e2-\u2426\u2440-\u244a\u249c-\u24e9\u2500-\u25b6\u25b8-\u25c0\u25c2-\u25f7\u2600-\u266e\u2670-\u2767\u2794-\u27bf\u2800-\u28ff\u2b00-\u2b2f\u2b45-\u2b46\u2b4d-\u2b73\u2b76-\u2b95\u2b98-\u2bc8\u2bca-\u2bfe\u2ce5-\u2cea\u2e80-\u2e99\u2e9b-\u2ef3\u2f00-\u2fd5\u2ff0-\u2ffb\u3004\u3012-\u3013\u3020\u3036-\u3037\u303e-\u303f\u3190-\u3191\u3196-\u319f\u31c0-\u31e3\u3200-\u321e\u322a-\u3247\u3250\u3260-\u327f\u328a-\u32b0\u32c0-\u32fe\u3300-\u33ff\u4dc0-\u4dff\ua490-\ua4c6\ua828-\ua82b\ua836-\ua837\ua839\uaa77-\uaa79\ufdfd\uffe4\uffe8\uffed-\uffee\ufffc-\ufffd\U00010137-\U0001013f\U00010179-\U00010189\U0001018c-\U0001018e\U00010190-\U0001019b\U000101a0\U000101d0-\U000101fc\U00010877-\U00010878\U00010ac8\U0001173f\U00016b3c-\U00016b3f\U00016b45\U0001bc9c\U0001d000-\U0001d0f5\U0001d100-\U0001d126\U0001d129-\U0001d164\U0001d16a-\U0001d16c\U0001d183-\U0001d184\U0001d18c-\U0001d1a9\U0001d1ae-\U0001d1e8\U0001d200-\U0001d241\U0001d245\U0001d300-\U0001d356\U0001d800-\U0001d9ff\U0001da37-\U0001da3a\U0001da6d-\U0001da74\U0001da76-\U0001da83\U0001da85-\U0001da86\U0001ecac\U0001f000-\U0001f02b\U0001f030-\U0001f093\U0001f0a0-\U0001f0ae\U0001f0b1-\U0001f0bf\U0001f0c1-\U0001f0cf\U0001f0d1-\U0001f0f5\U0001f110-\U0001f16b\U0001f170-\U0001f1ac\U0001f1e6-\U0001f202\U0001f210-\U0001f23b\U0001f240-\U0001f248\U0001f250-\U0001f251\U0001f260-\U0001f265\U0001f300-\U0001f3fa\U0001f400-\U0001f6d4\U0001f6e0-\U0001f6ec\U0001f6f0-\U0001f6f9\U0001f700-\U0001f773\U0001f780-\U0001f7d8\U0001f800-\U0001f80b\U0001f810-\U0001f847\U0001f850-\U0001f859\U0001f860-\U0001f887\U0001f890-\U0001f8ad\U0001f900-\U0001f90b\U0001f910-\U0001f93e\U0001f940-\U0001f970\U0001f973-\U0001f976\U0001f97a\U0001f97c-\U0001f9a2\U0001f9b0-\U0001f9b9\U0001f9c0-\U0001f9c2\U0001f9d0-\U0001f9ff\U0001fa60-\U0001fa6d'
+
+Zl = '\u2028'
+
+Zp = '\u2029'
+
+Zs = ' \xa0\u1680\u2000-\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
+
+xid_continue = 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+
+xid_start = 'A-Z_a-z\xaa\xb5\xba\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xf6\xf8-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0370-\u0374\u0376-\u0377\u037b-\u037d\u037f\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03f5\u03f7-\u0481\u048a-\u052f\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0560-\u0588\u05d0-\u05ea\u05ef-\u05f2\u0620-\u064a\u066e-\u066f\u0671-\u06d3\u06d5\u06e5-\u06e6\u06ee-\u06ef\u06fa-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710\u0712-\u072f\u074d-\u07a5\u07b1\u07ca-\u07ea\u07f4-\u07f5\u07fa\u0800-\u0815\u081a\u0824\u0828\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086a\u08a0-\u08b4\u08b6-\u08bd\u0904-\u0939\u093d\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0971-\u0980\u0985-\u098c\u098f-\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bd\u09ce\u09dc-\u09dd\u09df-\u09e1\u09f0-\u09f1\u09fc\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f-\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32-\u0a33\u0a35-\u0a36\u0a38-\u0a39\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a72-\u0a74\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2-\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae1\u0af9\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f-\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32-\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3d\u0b5c-\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b61\u0b71\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99-\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e-\u0b9f\u0ba3-\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bd0\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c39\u0c3d\u0c58-\u0c5a\u0c60-\u0c61\u0c80\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbd\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce1\u0cf1-\u0cf2\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d\u0d4e\u0d54-\u0d56\u0d5f-\u0d61\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0e01-\u0e30\u0e32\u0e40-\u0e46\u0e81-\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87-\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa-\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb0\u0eb2\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0ec6\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f40-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f88-\u0f8c\u1000-\u102a\u103f\u1050-\u1055\u105a-\u105d\u1061\u1065-\u1066\u106e-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108e\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fc-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u1380-\u138f\u13a0-\u13f5\u13f8-\u13fd\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16ee-\u16f8\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1780-\u17b3\u17d7\u17dc\u1820-\u1878\u1880-\u18a8\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191e\u1950-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u1a00-\u1a16\u1a20-\u1a54\u1aa7\u1b05-\u1b33\u1b45-\u1b4b\u1b83-\u1ba0\u1bae-\u1baf\u1bba-\u1be5\u1c00-\u1c23\u1c4d-\u1c4f\u1c5a-\u1c7d\u1c80-\u1c88\u1c90-\u1cba\u1cbd-\u1cbf\u1ce9-\u1cec\u1cee-\u1cf1\u1cf5-\u1cf6\u1d00-\u1dbf\u1e00-\u1f15\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f20-\u1f45\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fbc\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fcc\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fdb\u1fe0-\u1fec\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ffc\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u2102\u2107\u210a-\u2113\u2115\u2118-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u2139\u213c-\u213f\u2145-\u2149\u214e\u2160-\u2188\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c60-\u2ce4\u2ceb-\u2cee\u2cf2-\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d6f\u2d80-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u3005-\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3031-\u3035\u3038-\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u309d-\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30fc-\u30ff\u3105-\u312f\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fef\ua000-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4fd\ua500-\ua60c\ua610-\ua61f\ua62a-\ua62b\ua640-\ua66e\ua67f-\ua69d\ua6a0-\ua6ef\ua717-\ua71f\ua722-\ua788\ua78b-\ua7b9\ua7f7-\ua801\ua803-\ua805\ua807-\ua80a\ua80c-\ua822\ua840-\ua873\ua882-\ua8b3\ua8f2-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua8fd-\ua8fe\ua90a-\ua925\ua930-\ua946\ua960-\ua97c\ua984-\ua9b2\ua9cf\ua9e0-\ua9e4\ua9e6-\ua9ef\ua9fa-\ua9fe\uaa00-\uaa28\uaa40-\uaa42\uaa44-\uaa4b\uaa60-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7e-\uaaaf\uaab1\uaab5-\uaab6\uaab9-\uaabd\uaac0\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadd\uaae0-\uaaea\uaaf2-\uaaf4\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uab30-\uab5a\uab5c-\uab65\uab70-\uabe2\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\ufb1d\ufb1f-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40-\ufb41\ufb43-\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufc5d\ufc64-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdf9\ufe71\ufe73\ufe77\ufe79\ufe7b\ufe7d\ufe7f-\ufefc\uff21-\uff3a\uff41-\uff5a\uff66-\uff9d\uffa0-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc\U00010000-\U0001000b\U0001000d-\U00010026\U00010028-\U0001003a\U0001003c-\U0001003d\U0001003f-\U0001004d\U00010050-\U0001005d\U00010080-\U000100fa\U00010140-\U00010174\U00010280-\U0001029c\U000102a0-\U000102d0\U00010300-\U0001031f\U0001032d-\U0001034a\U00010350-\U00010375\U00010380-\U0001039d\U000103a0-\U000103c3\U000103c8-\U000103cf\U000103d1-\U000103d5\U00010400-\U0001049d\U000104b0-\U000104d3\U000104d8-\U000104fb\U00010500-\U00010527\U00010530-\U00010563\U00010600-\U00010736\U00010740-\U00010755\U00010760-\U00010767\U00010800-\U00010805\U00010808\U0001080a-\U00010835\U00010837-\U00010838\U0001083c\U0001083f-\U00010855\U00010860-\U00010876\U00010880-\U0001089e\U000108e0-\U000108f2\U000108f4-\U000108f5\U00010900-\U00010915\U00010920-\U00010939\U00010980-\U000109b7\U000109be-\U000109bf\U00010a00\U00010a10-\U00010a13\U00010a15-\U00010a17\U00010a19-\U00010a35\U00010a60-\U00010a7c\U00010a80-\U00010a9c\U00010ac0-\U00010ac7\U00010ac9-\U00010ae4\U00010b00-\U00010b35\U00010b40-\U00010b55\U00010b60-\U00010b72\U00010b80-\U00010b91\U00010c00-\U00010c48\U00010c80-\U00010cb2\U00010cc0-\U00010cf2\U00010d00-\U00010d23\U00010f00-\U00010f1c\U00010f27\U00010f30-\U00010f45\U00011003-\U00011037\U00011083-\U000110af\U000110d0-\U000110e8\U00011103-\U00011126\U00011144\U00011150-\U00011172\U00011176\U00011183-\U000111b2\U000111c1-\U000111c4\U000111da\U000111dc\U00011200-\U00011211\U00011213-\U0001122b\U00011280-\U00011286\U00011288\U0001128a-\U0001128d\U0001128f-\U0001129d\U0001129f-\U000112a8\U000112b0-\U000112de\U00011305-\U0001130c\U0001130f-\U00011310\U00011313-\U00011328\U0001132a-\U00011330\U00011332-\U00011333\U00011335-\U00011339\U0001133d\U00011350\U0001135d-\U00011361\U00011400-\U00011434\U00011447-\U0001144a\U00011480-\U000114af\U000114c4-\U000114c5\U000114c7\U00011580-\U000115ae\U000115d8-\U000115db\U00011600-\U0001162f\U00011644\U00011680-\U000116aa\U00011700-\U0001171a\U00011800-\U0001182b\U000118a0-\U000118df\U000118ff\U00011a00\U00011a0b-\U00011a32\U00011a3a\U00011a50\U00011a5c-\U00011a83\U00011a86-\U00011a89\U00011a9d\U00011ac0-\U00011af8\U00011c00-\U00011c08\U00011c0a-\U00011c2e\U00011c40\U00011c72-\U00011c8f\U00011d00-\U00011d06\U00011d08-\U00011d09\U00011d0b-\U00011d30\U00011d46\U00011d60-\U00011d65\U00011d67-\U00011d68\U00011d6a-\U00011d89\U00011d98\U00011ee0-\U00011ef2\U00012000-\U00012399\U00012400-\U0001246e\U00012480-\U00012543\U00013000-\U0001342e\U00014400-\U00014646\U00016800-\U00016a38\U00016a40-\U00016a5e\U00016ad0-\U00016aed\U00016b00-\U00016b2f\U00016b40-\U00016b43\U00016b63-\U00016b77\U00016b7d-\U00016b8f\U00016e40-\U00016e7f\U00016f00-\U00016f44\U00016f50\U00016f93-\U00016f9f\U00016fe0-\U00016fe1\U00017000-\U000187f1\U00018800-\U00018af2\U0001b000-\U0001b11e\U0001b170-\U0001b2fb\U0001bc00-\U0001bc6a\U0001bc70-\U0001bc7c\U0001bc80-\U0001bc88\U0001bc90-\U0001bc99\U0001d400-\U0001d454\U0001d456-\U0001d49c\U0001d49e-\U0001d49f\U0001d4a2\U0001d4a5-\U0001d4a6\U0001d4a9-\U0001d4ac\U0001d4ae-\U0001d4b9\U0001d4bb\U0001d4bd-\U0001d4c3\U0001d4c5-\U0001d505\U0001d507-\U0001d50a\U0001d50d-\U0001d514\U0001d516-\U0001d51c\U0001d51e-\U0001d539\U0001d53b-\U0001d53e\U0001d540-\U0001d544\U0001d546\U0001d54a-\U0001d550\U0001d552-\U0001d6a5\U0001d6a8-\U0001d6c0\U0001d6c2-\U0001d6da\U0001d6dc-\U0001d6fa\U0001d6fc-\U0001d714\U0001d716-\U0001d734\U0001d736-\U0001d74e\U0001d750-\U0001d76e\U0001d770-\U0001d788\U0001d78a-\U0001d7a8\U0001d7aa-\U0001d7c2\U0001d7c4-\U0001d7cb\U0001e800-\U0001e8c4\U0001e900-\U0001e943\U0001ee00-\U0001ee03\U0001ee05-\U0001ee1f\U0001ee21-\U0001ee22\U0001ee24\U0001ee27\U0001ee29-\U0001ee32\U0001ee34-\U0001ee37\U0001ee39\U0001ee3b\U0001ee42\U0001ee47\U0001ee49\U0001ee4b\U0001ee4d-\U0001ee4f\U0001ee51-\U0001ee52\U0001ee54\U0001ee57\U0001ee59\U0001ee5b\U0001ee5d\U0001ee5f\U0001ee61-\U0001ee62\U0001ee64\U0001ee67-\U0001ee6a\U0001ee6c-\U0001ee72\U0001ee74-\U0001ee77\U0001ee79-\U0001ee7c\U0001ee7e\U0001ee80-\U0001ee89\U0001ee8b-\U0001ee9b\U0001eea1-\U0001eea3\U0001eea5-\U0001eea9\U0001eeab-\U0001eebb\U00020000-\U0002a6d6\U0002a700-\U0002b734\U0002b740-\U0002b81d\U0002b820-\U0002cea1\U0002ceb0-\U0002ebe0\U0002f800-\U0002fa1d'
+
+cats = ['Cc', 'Cf', 'Cn', 'Co', 'Cs', 'Ll', 'Lm', 'Lo', 'Lt', 'Lu', 'Mc', 'Me', 'Mn', 'Nd', 'Nl', 'No', 'Pc', 'Pd', 'Pe', 'Pf', 'Pi', 'Po', 'Ps', 'Sc', 'Sk', 'Sm', 'So', 'Zl', 'Zp', 'Zs']
+
+# Generated from unidata 11.0.0
+
+def combine(*args):
+    return ''.join(globals()[cat] for cat in args)
+
+
+def allexcept(*args):
+    newcats = cats[:]
+    for arg in args:
+        newcats.remove(arg)
+    return ''.join(globals()[cat] for cat in newcats)
+
+
+def _handle_runs(char_list):  # pragma: no cover
+    buf = []
+    for c in char_list:
+        if len(c) == 1:
+            if buf and buf[-1][1] == chr(ord(c)-1):
+                buf[-1] = (buf[-1][0], c)
+            else:
+                buf.append((c, c))
+        else:
+            buf.append((c, c))
+    for a, b in buf:
+        if a == b:
+            yield a
+        else:
+            yield '%s-%s' % (a, b)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':  # pragma: no cover
+    import unicodedata
+
+    categories = {'xid_start': [], 'xid_continue': []}
+
+    with open(__file__, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = fp.read()
+
+    header = content[:content.find('Cc =')]
+    footer = content[content.find("def combine("):]
+
+    for code in range(0x110000):
+        c = chr(code)
+        cat = unicodedata.category(c)
+        if ord(c) == 0xdc00:
+            # Hack to avoid combining this combining with the preceding high
+            # surrogate, 0xdbff, when doing a repr.
+            c = '\\' + c
+        elif ord(c) in (0x2d, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e):
+            # Escape regex metachars.
+            c = '\\' + c
+        categories.setdefault(cat, []).append(c)
+        # XID_START and XID_CONTINUE are special categories used for matching
+        # identifiers in Python 3.
+        if c.isidentifier():
+            categories['xid_start'].append(c)
+        if ('a' + c).isidentifier():
+            categories['xid_continue'].append(c)
+
+    with open(__file__, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        fp.write(header)
+
+        for cat in sorted(categories):
+            val = ''.join(_handle_runs(categories[cat]))
+            fp.write('%s = %a\n\n' % (cat, val))
+
+        cats = sorted(categories)
+        cats.remove('xid_start')
+        cats.remove('xid_continue')
+        fp.write('cats = %r\n\n' % cats)
+
+        fp.write('# Generated from unidata %s\n\n' % (unicodedata.unidata_version,))
+
+        fp.write(footer)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..941fdb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+"""
+    pygments.util
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Utility functions.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+
+
+split_path_re = re.compile(r'[/\\ ]')
+doctype_lookup_re = re.compile(r'''
+    <!DOCTYPE\s+(
+     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]*
+     (?: \s+      # optional in HTML5
+     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]*\s+
+     "[^"]*")?
+     )
+     [^>]*>
+''', re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE)
+tag_re = re.compile(r'<(.+?)(\s.*?)?>.*?</.+?>',
+                    re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+xml_decl_re = re.compile(r'\s*<\?xml[^>]*\?>', re.I)
+
+
+class ClassNotFound(ValueError):
+    """Raised if one of the lookup functions didn't find a matching class."""
+
+
+class OptionError(Exception):
+    """
+    This exception will be raised by all option processing functions if
+    the type or value of the argument is not correct.
+    """
+
+def get_choice_opt(options, optname, allowed, default=None, normcase=False):
+    """
+    If the key `optname` from the dictionary is not in the sequence
+    `allowed`, raise an error, otherwise return it.
+    """
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    if normcase:
+        string = string.lower()
+    if string not in allowed:
+        raise OptionError('Value for option %s must be one of %s' %
+                          (optname, ', '.join(map(str, allowed))))
+    return string
+
+
+def get_bool_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """
+    Intuitively, this is `options.get(optname, default)`, but restricted to
+    Boolean value. The Booleans can be represented as string, in order to accept
+    Boolean value from the command line arguments. If the key `optname` is
+    present in the dictionary `options` and is not associated with a Boolean,
+    raise an `OptionError`. If it is absent, `default` is returned instead.
+
+    The valid string values for ``True`` are ``1``, ``yes``, ``true`` and
+    ``on``, the ones for ``False`` are ``0``, ``no``, ``false`` and ``off``
+    (matched case-insensitively).
+    """
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    if isinstance(string, bool):
+        return string
+    elif isinstance(string, int):
+        return bool(string)
+    elif not isinstance(string, str):
+        raise OptionError('Invalid type %r for option %s; use '
+                          '1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off' % (
+                              string, optname))
+    elif string.lower() in ('1', 'yes', 'true', 'on'):
+        return True
+    elif string.lower() in ('0', 'no', 'false', 'off'):
+        return False
+    else:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid value %r for option %s; use '
+                          '1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off' % (
+                              string, optname))
+
+
+def get_int_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """As :func:`get_bool_opt`, but interpret the value as an integer."""
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    try:
+        return int(string)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid type %r for option %s; you '
+                          'must give an integer value' % (
+                              string, optname))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid value %r for option %s; you '
+                          'must give an integer value' % (
+                              string, optname))
+
+def get_list_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """
+    If the key `optname` from the dictionary `options` is a string,
+    split it at whitespace and return it. If it is already a list
+    or a tuple, it is returned as a list.
+    """
+    val = options.get(optname, default)
+    if isinstance(val, str):
+        return val.split()
+    elif isinstance(val, (list, tuple)):
+        return list(val)
+    else:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid type %r for option %s; you '
+                          'must give a list value' % (
+                              val, optname))
+
+
+def docstring_headline(obj):
+    if not obj.__doc__:
+        return ''
+    res = []
+    for line in obj.__doc__.strip().splitlines():
+        if line.strip():
+            res.append(" " + line.strip())
+        else:
+            break
+    return ''.join(res).lstrip()
+
+
+def make_analysator(f):
+    """Return a static text analyser function that returns float values."""
+    def text_analyse(text):
+        try:
+            rv = f(text)
+        except Exception:
+            return 0.0
+        if not rv:
+            return 0.0
+        try:
+            return min(1.0, max(0.0, float(rv)))
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return 0.0
+    text_analyse.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+    return staticmethod(text_analyse)
+
+
+def shebang_matches(text, regex):
+    r"""Check if the given regular expression matches the last part of the
+    shebang if one exists.
+
+        >>> from pygments.util import shebang_matches
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/env python', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python2.4', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python-ruby', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        False
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python/ruby', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        False
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/startsomethingwith python',
+        ...                 r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+
+    It also checks for common windows executable file extensions::
+
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!C:\\Python2.4\\Python.exe', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+
+    Parameters (``'-f'`` or ``'--foo'`` are ignored so ``'perl'`` does
+    the same as ``'perl -e'``)
+
+    Note that this method automatically searches the whole string (eg:
+    the regular expression is wrapped in ``'^$'``)
+    """
+    index = text.find('\n')
+    if index >= 0:
+        first_line = text[:index].lower()
+    else:
+        first_line = text.lower()
+    if first_line.startswith('#!'):
+        try:
+            found = [x for x in split_path_re.split(first_line[2:].strip())
+                     if x and not x.startswith('-')][-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
+        regex = re.compile(r'^%s(\.(exe|cmd|bat|bin))?$' % regex, re.IGNORECASE)
+        if regex.search(found) is not None:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def doctype_matches(text, regex):
+    """Check if the doctype matches a regular expression (if present).
+
+    Note that this method only checks the first part of a DOCTYPE.
+    eg: 'html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"'
+    """
+    m = doctype_lookup_re.search(text)
+    if m is None:
+        return False
+    doctype = m.group(1)
+    return re.compile(regex, re.I).match(doctype.strip()) is not None
+
+
+def html_doctype_matches(text):
+    """Check if the file looks like it has a html doctype."""
+    return doctype_matches(text, r'html')
+
+
+_looks_like_xml_cache = {}
+
+
+def looks_like_xml(text):
+    """Check if a doctype exists or if we have some tags."""
+    if xml_decl_re.match(text):
+        return True
+    key = hash(text)
+    try:
+        return _looks_like_xml_cache[key]
+    except KeyError:
+        m = doctype_lookup_re.search(text)
+        if m is not None:
+            return True
+        rv = tag_re.search(text[:1000]) is not None
+        _looks_like_xml_cache[key] = rv
+        return rv
+
+
+def surrogatepair(c):
+    """Given a unicode character code with length greater than 16 bits,
+    return the two 16 bit surrogate pair.
+    """
+    # From example D28 of:
+    # http://www.unicode.org/book/ch03.pdf
+    return (0xd7c0 + (c >> 10), (0xdc00 + (c & 0x3ff)))
+
+
+def format_lines(var_name, seq, raw=False, indent_level=0):
+    """Formats a sequence of strings for output."""
+    lines = []
+    base_indent = ' ' * indent_level * 4
+    inner_indent = ' ' * (indent_level + 1) * 4
+    lines.append(base_indent + var_name + ' = (')
+    if raw:
+        # These should be preformatted reprs of, say, tuples.
+        for i in seq:
+            lines.append(inner_indent + i + ',')
+    else:
+        for i in seq:
+            # Force use of single quotes
+            r = repr(i + '"')
+            lines.append(inner_indent + r[:-2] + r[-1] + ',')
+    lines.append(base_indent + ')')
+    return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+
+def duplicates_removed(it, already_seen=()):
+    """
+    Returns a list with duplicates removed from the iterable `it`.
+
+    Order is preserved.
+    """
+    lst = []
+    seen = set()
+    for i in it:
+        if i in seen or i in already_seen:
+            continue
+        lst.append(i)
+        seen.add(i)
+    return lst
+
+
+class Future:
+    """Generic class to defer some work.
+
+    Handled specially in RegexLexerMeta, to support regex string construction at
+    first use.
+    """
+    def get(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def guess_decode(text):
+    """Decode *text* with guessed encoding.
+
+    First try UTF-8; this should fail for non-UTF-8 encodings.
+    Then try the preferred locale encoding.
+    Fall back to latin-1, which always works.
+    """
+    try:
+        text = text.decode('utf-8')
+        return text, 'utf-8'
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        try:
+            import locale
+            prefencoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
+            text = text.decode()
+            return text, prefencoding
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
+            text = text.decode('latin1')
+            return text, 'latin1'
+
+
+def guess_decode_from_terminal(text, term):
+    """Decode *text* coming from terminal *term*.
+
+    First try the terminal encoding, if given.
+    Then try UTF-8.  Then try the preferred locale encoding.
+    Fall back to latin-1, which always works.
+    """
+    if getattr(term, 'encoding', None):
+        try:
+            text = text.decode(term.encoding)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return text, term.encoding
+    return guess_decode(text)
+
+
+def terminal_encoding(term):
+    """Return our best guess of encoding for the given *term*."""
+    if getattr(term, 'encoding', None):
+        return term.encoding
+    import locale
+    return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+
+class UnclosingTextIOWrapper(TextIOWrapper):
+    # Don't close underlying buffer on destruction.
+    def close(self):
+        self.flush()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88bc10a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# module pyparsing.py
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2022  Paul T. McGuire
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+__doc__ = """
+pyparsing module - Classes and methods to define and execute parsing grammars
+=============================================================================
+
+The pyparsing module is an alternative approach to creating and
+executing simple grammars, vs. the traditional lex/yacc approach, or the
+use of regular expressions.  With pyparsing, you don't need to learn
+a new syntax for defining grammars or matching expressions - the parsing
+module provides a library of classes that you use to construct the
+grammar directly in Python.
+
+Here is a program to parse "Hello, World!" (or any greeting of the form
+``"<salutation>, <addressee>!"``), built up using :class:`Word`,
+:class:`Literal`, and :class:`And` elements
+(the :meth:`'+'<ParserElement.__add__>` operators create :class:`And` expressions,
+and the strings are auto-converted to :class:`Literal` expressions)::
+
+    from pip._vendor.pyparsing import Word, alphas
+
+    # define grammar of a greeting
+    greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
+
+    hello = "Hello, World!"
+    print(hello, "->", greet.parse_string(hello))
+
+The program outputs the following::
+
+    Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+
+The Python representation of the grammar is quite readable, owing to the
+self-explanatory class names, and the use of :class:`'+'<And>`,
+:class:`'|'<MatchFirst>`, :class:`'^'<Or>` and :class:`'&'<Each>` operators.
+
+The :class:`ParseResults` object returned from
+:class:`ParserElement.parse_string` can be
+accessed as a nested list, a dictionary, or an object with named
+attributes.
+
+The pyparsing module handles some of the problems that are typically
+vexing when writing text parsers:
+
+  - extra or missing whitespace (the above program will also handle
+    "Hello,World!", "Hello  ,  World  !", etc.)
+  - quoted strings
+  - embedded comments
+
+
+Getting Started -
+-----------------
+Visit the classes :class:`ParserElement` and :class:`ParseResults` to
+see the base classes that most other pyparsing
+classes inherit from. Use the docstrings for examples of how to:
+
+ - construct literal match expressions from :class:`Literal` and
+   :class:`CaselessLiteral` classes
+ - construct character word-group expressions using the :class:`Word`
+   class
+ - see how to create repetitive expressions using :class:`ZeroOrMore`
+   and :class:`OneOrMore` classes
+ - use :class:`'+'<And>`, :class:`'|'<MatchFirst>`, :class:`'^'<Or>`,
+   and :class:`'&'<Each>` operators to combine simple expressions into
+   more complex ones
+ - associate names with your parsed results using
+   :class:`ParserElement.set_results_name`
+ - access the parsed data, which is returned as a :class:`ParseResults`
+   object
+ - find some helpful expression short-cuts like :class:`DelimitedList`
+   and :class:`one_of`
+ - find more useful common expressions in the :class:`pyparsing_common`
+   namespace class
+"""
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class version_info(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+    micro: int
+    releaselevel: str
+    serial: int
+
+    @property
+    def __version__(self):
+        return (
+            f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.micro}"
+            + (
+                f"{'r' if self.releaselevel[0] == 'c' else ''}{self.releaselevel[0]}{self.serial}",
+                "",
+            )[self.releaselevel == "final"]
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{__name__} {self.__version__} / {__version_time__}"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{__name__}.{type(self).__name__}({', '.join('{}={!r}'.format(*nv) for nv in zip(self._fields, self))})"
+
+
+__version_info__ = version_info(3, 1, 0, "final", 1)
+__version_time__ = "18 Jun 2023 14:05 UTC"
+__version__ = __version_info__.__version__
+__versionTime__ = __version_time__
+__author__ = "Paul McGuire <ptmcg.gm+pyparsing@gmail.com>"
+
+from .util import *
+from .exceptions import *
+from .actions import *
+from .core import __diag__, __compat__
+from .results import *
+from .core import *  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+from .core import _builtin_exprs as core_builtin_exprs
+from .helpers import *  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+from .helpers import _builtin_exprs as helper_builtin_exprs
+
+from .unicode import unicode_set, UnicodeRangeList, pyparsing_unicode as unicode
+from .testing import pyparsing_test as testing
+from .common import (
+    pyparsing_common as common,
+    _builtin_exprs as common_builtin_exprs,
+)
+
+# define backward compat synonyms
+if "pyparsing_unicode" not in globals():
+    pyparsing_unicode = unicode  # type: ignore[misc]
+if "pyparsing_common" not in globals():
+    pyparsing_common = common  # type: ignore[misc]
+if "pyparsing_test" not in globals():
+    pyparsing_test = testing  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+core_builtin_exprs += common_builtin_exprs + helper_builtin_exprs
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_time__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__compat__",
+    "__diag__",
+    "And",
+    "AtLineStart",
+    "AtStringStart",
+    "CaselessKeyword",
+    "CaselessLiteral",
+    "CharsNotIn",
+    "CloseMatch",
+    "Combine",
+    "DelimitedList",
+    "Dict",
+    "Each",
+    "Empty",
+    "FollowedBy",
+    "Forward",
+    "GoToColumn",
+    "Group",
+    "IndentedBlock",
+    "Keyword",
+    "LineEnd",
+    "LineStart",
+    "Literal",
+    "Located",
+    "PrecededBy",
+    "MatchFirst",
+    "NoMatch",
+    "NotAny",
+    "OneOrMore",
+    "OnlyOnce",
+    "OpAssoc",
+    "Opt",
+    "Optional",
+    "Or",
+    "ParseBaseException",
+    "ParseElementEnhance",
+    "ParseException",
+    "ParseExpression",
+    "ParseFatalException",
+    "ParseResults",
+    "ParseSyntaxException",
+    "ParserElement",
+    "PositionToken",
+    "QuotedString",
+    "RecursiveGrammarException",
+    "Regex",
+    "SkipTo",
+    "StringEnd",
+    "StringStart",
+    "Suppress",
+    "Token",
+    "TokenConverter",
+    "White",
+    "Word",
+    "WordEnd",
+    "WordStart",
+    "ZeroOrMore",
+    "Char",
+    "alphanums",
+    "alphas",
+    "alphas8bit",
+    "any_close_tag",
+    "any_open_tag",
+    "autoname_elements",
+    "c_style_comment",
+    "col",
+    "common_html_entity",
+    "condition_as_parse_action",
+    "counted_array",
+    "cpp_style_comment",
+    "dbl_quoted_string",
+    "dbl_slash_comment",
+    "delimited_list",
+    "dict_of",
+    "empty",
+    "hexnums",
+    "html_comment",
+    "identchars",
+    "identbodychars",
+    "infix_notation",
+    "java_style_comment",
+    "line",
+    "line_end",
+    "line_start",
+    "lineno",
+    "make_html_tags",
+    "make_xml_tags",
+    "match_only_at_col",
+    "match_previous_expr",
+    "match_previous_literal",
+    "nested_expr",
+    "null_debug_action",
+    "nums",
+    "one_of",
+    "original_text_for",
+    "printables",
+    "punc8bit",
+    "pyparsing_common",
+    "pyparsing_test",
+    "pyparsing_unicode",
+    "python_style_comment",
+    "quoted_string",
+    "remove_quotes",
+    "replace_with",
+    "replace_html_entity",
+    "rest_of_line",
+    "sgl_quoted_string",
+    "srange",
+    "string_end",
+    "string_start",
+    "token_map",
+    "trace_parse_action",
+    "ungroup",
+    "unicode_set",
+    "unicode_string",
+    "with_attribute",
+    "with_class",
+    # pre-PEP8 compatibility names
+    "__versionTime__",
+    "anyCloseTag",
+    "anyOpenTag",
+    "cStyleComment",
+    "commonHTMLEntity",
+    "conditionAsParseAction",
+    "countedArray",
+    "cppStyleComment",
+    "dblQuotedString",
+    "dblSlashComment",
+    "delimitedList",
+    "dictOf",
+    "htmlComment",
+    "indentedBlock",
+    "infixNotation",
+    "javaStyleComment",
+    "lineEnd",
+    "lineStart",
+    "locatedExpr",
+    "makeHTMLTags",
+    "makeXMLTags",
+    "matchOnlyAtCol",
+    "matchPreviousExpr",
+    "matchPreviousLiteral",
+    "nestedExpr",
+    "nullDebugAction",
+    "oneOf",
+    "opAssoc",
+    "originalTextFor",
+    "pythonStyleComment",
+    "quotedString",
+    "removeQuotes",
+    "replaceHTMLEntity",
+    "replaceWith",
+    "restOfLine",
+    "sglQuotedString",
+    "stringEnd",
+    "stringStart",
+    "tokenMap",
+    "traceParseAction",
+    "unicodeString",
+    "withAttribute",
+    "withClass",
+]
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca6e4c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/actions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# actions.py
+
+from .exceptions import ParseException
+from .util import col, replaced_by_pep8
+
+
+class OnlyOnce:
+    """
+    Wrapper for parse actions, to ensure they are only called once.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, method_call):
+        from .core import _trim_arity
+
+        self.callable = _trim_arity(method_call)
+        self.called = False
+
+    def __call__(self, s, l, t):
+        if not self.called:
+            results = self.callable(s, l, t)
+            self.called = True
+            return results
+        raise ParseException(s, l, "OnlyOnce obj called multiple times w/out reset")
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """
+        Allow the associated parse action to be called once more.
+        """
+
+        self.called = False
+
+
+def match_only_at_col(n):
+    """
+    Helper method for defining parse actions that require matching at
+    a specific column in the input text.
+    """
+
+    def verify_col(strg, locn, toks):
+        if col(locn, strg) != n:
+            raise ParseException(strg, locn, f"matched token not at column {n}")
+
+    return verify_col
+
+
+def replace_with(repl_str):
+    """
+    Helper method for common parse actions that simply return
+    a literal value.  Especially useful when used with
+    :class:`transform_string<ParserElement.transform_string>` ().
+
+    Example::
+
+        num = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+        na = one_of("N/A NA").set_parse_action(replace_with(math.nan))
+        term = na | num
+
+        term[1, ...].parse_string("324 234 N/A 234") # -> [324, 234, nan, 234]
+    """
+    return lambda s, l, t: [repl_str]
+
+
+def remove_quotes(s, l, t):
+    """
+    Helper parse action for removing quotation marks from parsed
+    quoted strings.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # by default, quotation marks are included in parsed results
+        quoted_string.parse_string("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'"]
+
+        # use remove_quotes to strip quotation marks from parsed results
+        quoted_string.set_parse_action(remove_quotes)
+        quoted_string.parse_string("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["Now is the Winter of our Discontent"]
+    """
+    return t[0][1:-1]
+
+
+def with_attribute(*args, **attr_dict):
+    """
+    Helper to create a validating parse action to be used with start
+    tags created with :class:`make_xml_tags` or
+    :class:`make_html_tags`. Use ``with_attribute`` to qualify
+    a starting tag with a required attribute value, to avoid false
+    matches on common tags such as ``<TD>`` or ``<DIV>``.
+
+    Call ``with_attribute`` with a series of attribute names and
+    values. Specify the list of filter attributes names and values as:
+
+    - keyword arguments, as in ``(align="right")``, or
+    - as an explicit dict with ``**`` operator, when an attribute
+      name is also a Python reserved word, as in ``**{"class":"Customer", "align":"right"}``
+    - a list of name-value tuples, as in ``(("ns1:class", "Customer"), ("ns2:align", "right"))``
+
+    For attribute names with a namespace prefix, you must use the second
+    form.  Attribute names are matched insensitive to upper/lower case.
+
+    If just testing for ``class`` (with or without a namespace), use
+    :class:`with_class`.
+
+    To verify that the attribute exists, but without specifying a value,
+    pass ``with_attribute.ANY_VALUE`` as the value.
+
+    Example::
+
+        html = '''
+            <div>
+            Some text
+            <div type="grid">1 4 0 1 0</div>
+            <div type="graph">1,3 2,3 1,1</div>
+            <div>this has no type</div>
+            </div>
+
+        '''
+        div,div_end = make_html_tags("div")
+
+        # only match div tag having a type attribute with value "grid"
+        div_grid = div().set_parse_action(with_attribute(type="grid"))
+        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for grid_header in grid_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(grid_header.body)
+
+        # construct a match with any div tag having a type attribute, regardless of the value
+        div_any_type = div().set_parse_action(with_attribute(type=with_attribute.ANY_VALUE))
+        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for div_header in div_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(div_header.body)
+
+    prints::
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+        1,3 2,3 1,1
+    """
+    if args:
+        attrs = args[:]
+    else:
+        attrs = attr_dict.items()
+    attrs = [(k, v) for k, v in attrs]
+
+    def pa(s, l, tokens):
+        for attrName, attrValue in attrs:
+            if attrName not in tokens:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, "no matching attribute " + attrName)
+            if attrValue != with_attribute.ANY_VALUE and tokens[attrName] != attrValue:
+                raise ParseException(
+                    s,
+                    l,
+                    f"attribute {attrName!r} has value {tokens[attrName]!r}, must be {attrValue!r}",
+                )
+
+    return pa
+
+
+with_attribute.ANY_VALUE = object()  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+
+
+def with_class(classname, namespace=""):
+    """
+    Simplified version of :class:`with_attribute` when
+    matching on a div class - made difficult because ``class`` is
+    a reserved word in Python.
+
+    Example::
+
+        html = '''
+            <div>
+            Some text
+            <div class="grid">1 4 0 1 0</div>
+            <div class="graph">1,3 2,3 1,1</div>
+            <div>this &lt;div&gt; has no class</div>
+            </div>
+
+        '''
+        div,div_end = make_html_tags("div")
+        div_grid = div().set_parse_action(with_class("grid"))
+
+        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for grid_header in grid_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(grid_header.body)
+
+        div_any_type = div().set_parse_action(with_class(withAttribute.ANY_VALUE))
+        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for div_header in div_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(div_header.body)
+
+    prints::
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+        1,3 2,3 1,1
+    """
+    classattr = f"{namespace}:class" if namespace else "class"
+    return with_attribute(**{classattr: classname})
+
+
+# pre-PEP8 compatibility symbols
+# fmt: off
+@replaced_by_pep8(replace_with)
+def replaceWith(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(remove_quotes)
+def removeQuotes(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(with_attribute)
+def withAttribute(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(with_class)
+def withClass(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(match_only_at_col)
+def matchOnlyAtCol(): ...
+
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/common.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a666b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+# common.py
+from .core import *
+from .helpers import DelimitedList, any_open_tag, any_close_tag
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+# some other useful expressions - using lower-case class name since we are really using this as a namespace
+class pyparsing_common:
+    """Here are some common low-level expressions that may be useful in
+    jump-starting parser development:
+
+    - numeric forms (:class:`integers<integer>`, :class:`reals<real>`,
+      :class:`scientific notation<sci_real>`)
+    - common :class:`programming identifiers<identifier>`
+    - network addresses (:class:`MAC<mac_address>`,
+      :class:`IPv4<ipv4_address>`, :class:`IPv6<ipv6_address>`)
+    - ISO8601 :class:`dates<iso8601_date>` and
+      :class:`datetime<iso8601_datetime>`
+    - :class:`UUID<uuid>`
+    - :class:`comma-separated list<comma_separated_list>`
+    - :class:`url`
+
+    Parse actions:
+
+    - :class:`convert_to_integer`
+    - :class:`convert_to_float`
+    - :class:`convert_to_date`
+    - :class:`convert_to_datetime`
+    - :class:`strip_html_tags`
+    - :class:`upcase_tokens`
+    - :class:`downcase_tokens`
+
+    Example::
+
+        pyparsing_common.number.run_tests('''
+            # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
+            100
+            -100
+            +100
+            3.14159
+            6.02e23
+            1e-12
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.fnumber.run_tests('''
+            # any int or real number, returned as float
+            100
+            -100
+            +100
+            3.14159
+            6.02e23
+            1e-12
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.hex_integer.run_tests('''
+            # hex numbers
+            100
+            FF
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.fraction.run_tests('''
+            # fractions
+            1/2
+            -3/4
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.mixed_integer.run_tests('''
+            # mixed fractions
+            1
+            1/2
+            -3/4
+            1-3/4
+            ''')
+
+        import uuid
+        pyparsing_common.uuid.set_parse_action(token_map(uuid.UUID))
+        pyparsing_common.uuid.run_tests('''
+            # uuid
+            12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+            ''')
+
+    prints::
+
+        # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
+        100
+        [100]
+
+        -100
+        [-100]
+
+        +100
+        [100]
+
+        3.14159
+        [3.14159]
+
+        6.02e23
+        [6.02e+23]
+
+        1e-12
+        [1e-12]
+
+        # any int or real number, returned as float
+        100
+        [100.0]
+
+        -100
+        [-100.0]
+
+        +100
+        [100.0]
+
+        3.14159
+        [3.14159]
+
+        6.02e23
+        [6.02e+23]
+
+        1e-12
+        [1e-12]
+
+        # hex numbers
+        100
+        [256]
+
+        FF
+        [255]
+
+        # fractions
+        1/2
+        [0.5]
+
+        -3/4
+        [-0.75]
+
+        # mixed fractions
+        1
+        [1]
+
+        1/2
+        [0.5]
+
+        -3/4
+        [-0.75]
+
+        1-3/4
+        [1.75]
+
+        # uuid
+        12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+        [UUID('12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')]
+    """
+
+    convert_to_integer = token_map(int)
+    """
+    Parse action for converting parsed integers to Python int
+    """
+
+    convert_to_float = token_map(float)
+    """
+    Parse action for converting parsed numbers to Python float
+    """
+
+    integer = Word(nums).set_name("integer").set_parse_action(convert_to_integer)
+    """expression that parses an unsigned integer, returns an int"""
+
+    hex_integer = (
+        Word(hexnums).set_name("hex integer").set_parse_action(token_map(int, 16))
+    )
+    """expression that parses a hexadecimal integer, returns an int"""
+
+    signed_integer = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?\d+")
+        .set_name("signed integer")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_integer)
+    )
+    """expression that parses an integer with optional leading sign, returns an int"""
+
+    fraction = (
+        signed_integer().set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+        + "/"
+        + signed_integer().set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    ).set_name("fraction")
+    """fractional expression of an integer divided by an integer, returns a float"""
+    fraction.add_parse_action(lambda tt: tt[0] / tt[-1])
+
+    mixed_integer = (
+        fraction | signed_integer + Opt(Opt("-").suppress() + fraction)
+    ).set_name("fraction or mixed integer-fraction")
+    """mixed integer of the form 'integer - fraction', with optional leading integer, returns float"""
+    mixed_integer.add_parse_action(sum)
+
+    real = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?(?:\d+\.\d*|\.\d+)")
+        .set_name("real number")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    )
+    """expression that parses a floating point number and returns a float"""
+
+    sci_real = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?(?:\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)|(?:\d+\.\d*|\.\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?)")
+        .set_name("real number with scientific notation")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    )
+    """expression that parses a floating point number with optional
+    scientific notation and returns a float"""
+
+    # streamlining this expression makes the docs nicer-looking
+    number = (sci_real | real | signed_integer).setName("number").streamline()
+    """any numeric expression, returns the corresponding Python type"""
+
+    fnumber = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?\d+\.?\d*([eE][+-]?\d+)?")
+        .set_name("fnumber")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    )
+    """any int or real number, returned as float"""
+
+    identifier = Word(identchars, identbodychars).set_name("identifier")
+    """typical code identifier (leading alpha or '_', followed by 0 or more alphas, nums, or '_')"""
+
+    ipv4_address = Regex(
+        r"(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})){3}"
+    ).set_name("IPv4 address")
+    "IPv4 address (``0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255``)"
+
+    _ipv6_part = Regex(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}").set_name("hex_integer")
+    _full_ipv6_address = (_ipv6_part + (":" + _ipv6_part) * 7).set_name(
+        "full IPv6 address"
+    )
+    _short_ipv6_address = (
+        Opt(_ipv6_part + (":" + _ipv6_part) * (0, 6))
+        + "::"
+        + Opt(_ipv6_part + (":" + _ipv6_part) * (0, 6))
+    ).set_name("short IPv6 address")
+    _short_ipv6_address.add_condition(
+        lambda t: sum(1 for tt in t if pyparsing_common._ipv6_part.matches(tt)) < 8
+    )
+    _mixed_ipv6_address = ("::ffff:" + ipv4_address).set_name("mixed IPv6 address")
+    ipv6_address = Combine(
+        (_full_ipv6_address | _mixed_ipv6_address | _short_ipv6_address).set_name(
+            "IPv6 address"
+        )
+    ).set_name("IPv6 address")
+    "IPv6 address (long, short, or mixed form)"
+
+    mac_address = Regex(
+        r"[0-9a-fA-F]{2}([:.-])[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?:\1[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){4}"
+    ).set_name("MAC address")
+    "MAC address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx (may also have '-' or '.' delimiters)"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_to_date(fmt: str = "%Y-%m-%d"):
+        """
+        Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed date string to Python datetime.date
+
+        Params -
+        - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default= ``"%Y-%m-%d"``)
+
+        Example::
+
+            date_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_date.copy()
+            date_expr.set_parse_action(pyparsing_common.convert_to_date())
+            print(date_expr.parse_string("1999-12-31"))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)]
+        """
+
+        def cvt_fn(ss, ll, tt):
+            try:
+                return datetime.strptime(tt[0], fmt).date()
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise ParseException(ss, ll, str(ve))
+
+        return cvt_fn
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_to_datetime(fmt: str = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"):
+        """Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed
+        datetime string to Python datetime.datetime
+
+        Params -
+        - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default= ``"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"``)
+
+        Example::
+
+            dt_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_datetime.copy()
+            dt_expr.set_parse_action(pyparsing_common.convert_to_datetime())
+            print(dt_expr.parse_string("1999-12-31T23:59:59.999"))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999000)]
+        """
+
+        def cvt_fn(s, l, t):
+            try:
+                return datetime.strptime(t[0], fmt)
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, str(ve))
+
+        return cvt_fn
+
+    iso8601_date = Regex(
+        r"(?P<year>\d{4})(?:-(?P<month>\d\d)(?:-(?P<day>\d\d))?)?"
+    ).set_name("ISO8601 date")
+    "ISO8601 date (``yyyy-mm-dd``)"
+
+    iso8601_datetime = Regex(
+        r"(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d\d)-(?P<day>\d\d)[T ](?P<hour>\d\d):(?P<minute>\d\d)(:(?P<second>\d\d(\.\d*)?)?)?(?P<tz>Z|[+-]\d\d:?\d\d)?"
+    ).set_name("ISO8601 datetime")
+    "ISO8601 datetime (``yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.s(Z|+-00:00)``) - trailing seconds, milliseconds, and timezone optional; accepts separating ``'T'`` or ``' '``"
+
+    uuid = Regex(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{8}(-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}){3}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}").set_name("UUID")
+    "UUID (``xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx``)"
+
+    _html_stripper = any_open_tag.suppress() | any_close_tag.suppress()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def strip_html_tags(s: str, l: int, tokens: ParseResults):
+        """Parse action to remove HTML tags from web page HTML source
+
+        Example::
+
+            # strip HTML links from normal text
+            text = '<td>More info at the <a href="https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing/wiki">pyparsing</a> wiki page</td>'
+            td, td_end = make_html_tags("TD")
+            table_text = td + SkipTo(td_end).set_parse_action(pyparsing_common.strip_html_tags)("body") + td_end
+            print(table_text.parse_string(text).body)
+
+        Prints::
+
+            More info at the pyparsing wiki page
+        """
+        return pyparsing_common._html_stripper.transform_string(tokens[0])
+
+    _commasepitem = (
+        Combine(
+            OneOrMore(
+                ~Literal(",")
+                + ~LineEnd()
+                + Word(printables, exclude_chars=",")
+                + Opt(White(" \t") + ~FollowedBy(LineEnd() | ","))
+            )
+        )
+        .streamline()
+        .set_name("commaItem")
+    )
+    comma_separated_list = DelimitedList(
+        Opt(quoted_string.copy() | _commasepitem, default="")
+    ).set_name("comma separated list")
+    """Predefined expression of 1 or more printable words or quoted strings, separated by commas."""
+
+    upcase_tokens = staticmethod(token_map(lambda t: t.upper()))
+    """Parse action to convert tokens to upper case."""
+
+    downcase_tokens = staticmethod(token_map(lambda t: t.lower()))
+    """Parse action to convert tokens to lower case."""
+
+    # fmt: off
+    url = Regex(
+        # https://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex
+        # https://gist.github.com/dperini/729294
+        r"(?P<url>" +
+        # protocol identifier (optional)
+        # short syntax // still required
+        r"(?:(?:(?P<scheme>https?|ftp):)?\/\/)" +
+        # user:pass BasicAuth (optional)
+        r"(?:(?P<auth>\S+(?::\S*)?)@)?" +
+        r"(?P<host>" +
+        # IP address exclusion
+        # private & local networks
+        r"(?!(?:10|127)(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})" +
+        r"(?!(?:169\.254|192\.168)(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})" +
+        r"(?!172\.(?:1[6-9]|2\d|3[0-1])(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})" +
+        # IP address dotted notation octets
+        # excludes loopback network 0.0.0.0
+        # excludes reserved space >= 224.0.0.0
+        # excludes network & broadcast addresses
+        # (first & last IP address of each class)
+        r"(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])" +
+        r"(?:\.(?:1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}" +
+        r"(?:\.(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))" +
+        r"|" +
+        # host & domain names, may end with dot
+        # can be replaced by a shortest alternative
+        # (?![-_])(?:[-\w\u00a1-\uffff]{0,63}[^-_]\.)+
+        r"(?:" +
+        r"(?:" +
+        r"[a-z0-9\u00a1-\uffff]" +
+        r"[a-z0-9\u00a1-\uffff_-]{0,62}" +
+        r")?" +
+        r"[a-z0-9\u00a1-\uffff]\." +
+        r")+" +
+        # TLD identifier name, may end with dot
+        r"(?:[a-z\u00a1-\uffff]{2,}\.?)" +
+        r")" +
+        # port number (optional)
+        r"(:(?P<port>\d{2,5}))?" +
+        # resource path (optional)
+        r"(?P<path>\/[^?# ]*)?" +
+        # query string (optional)
+        r"(\?(?P<query>[^#]*))?" +
+        # fragment (optional)
+        r"(#(?P<fragment>\S*))?" +
+        r")"
+    ).set_name("url")
+    """URL (http/https/ftp scheme)"""
+    # fmt: on
+
+    # pre-PEP8 compatibility names
+    convertToInteger = convert_to_integer
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_integer`"""
+    convertToFloat = convert_to_float
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_float`"""
+    convertToDate = convert_to_date
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_date`"""
+    convertToDatetime = convert_to_datetime
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_datetime`"""
+    stripHTMLTags = strip_html_tags
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`strip_html_tags`"""
+    upcaseTokens = upcase_tokens
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`upcase_tokens`"""
+    downcaseTokens = downcase_tokens
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`downcase_tokens`"""
+
+
+_builtin_exprs = [
+    v for v in vars(pyparsing_common).values() if isinstance(v, ParserElement)
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/core.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5a856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6115 @@
+#
+# core.py
+#
+
+from collections import deque
+import os
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from enum import Enum
+import string
+import copy
+import warnings
+import re
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+import traceback
+import types
+from operator import itemgetter
+from functools import wraps
+from threading import RLock
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from .util import (
+    _FifoCache,
+    _UnboundedCache,
+    __config_flags,
+    _collapse_string_to_ranges,
+    _escape_regex_range_chars,
+    _bslash,
+    _flatten,
+    LRUMemo as _LRUMemo,
+    UnboundedMemo as _UnboundedMemo,
+    replaced_by_pep8,
+)
+from .exceptions import *
+from .actions import *
+from .results import ParseResults, _ParseResultsWithOffset
+from .unicode import pyparsing_unicode
+
+_MAX_INT = sys.maxsize
+str_type: Tuple[type, ...] = (str, bytes)
+
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2022  Paul T. McGuire
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from functools import cached_property
+else:
+
+    class cached_property:
+        def __init__(self, func):
+            self._func = func
+
+        def __get__(self, instance, owner=None):
+            ret = instance.__dict__[self._func.__name__] = self._func(instance)
+            return ret
+
+
+class __compat__(__config_flags):
+    """
+    A cross-version compatibility configuration for pyparsing features that will be
+    released in a future version. By setting values in this configuration to True,
+    those features can be enabled in prior versions for compatibility development
+    and testing.
+
+    - ``collect_all_And_tokens`` - flag to enable fix for Issue #63 that fixes erroneous grouping
+      of results names when an :class:`And` expression is nested within an :class:`Or` or :class:`MatchFirst`;
+      maintained for compatibility, but setting to ``False`` no longer restores pre-2.3.1
+      behavior
+    """
+
+    _type_desc = "compatibility"
+
+    collect_all_And_tokens = True
+
+    _all_names = [__ for __ in locals() if not __.startswith("_")]
+    _fixed_names = """
+        collect_all_And_tokens
+        """.split()
+
+
+class __diag__(__config_flags):
+    _type_desc = "diagnostic"
+
+    warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation = False
+    warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection = False
+    warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward = False
+    warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward = False
+    warn_on_assignment_to_Forward = False
+    warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof = False
+    warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator = False
+    enable_debug_on_named_expressions = False
+
+    _all_names = [__ for __ in locals() if not __.startswith("_")]
+    _warning_names = [name for name in _all_names if name.startswith("warn")]
+    _debug_names = [name for name in _all_names if name.startswith("enable_debug")]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def enable_all_warnings(cls) -> None:
+        for name in cls._warning_names:
+            cls.enable(name)
+
+
+class Diagnostics(Enum):
+    """
+    Diagnostic configuration (all default to disabled)
+
+    - ``warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation`` - flag to enable warnings when a results
+      name is defined on a :class:`MatchFirst` or :class:`Or` expression with one or more :class:`And` subexpressions
+    - ``warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection`` - flag to enable warnings when a results
+      name is defined on a containing expression with ungrouped subexpressions that also
+      have results names
+    - ``warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward`` - flag to enable warnings when a :class:`Forward` is defined
+      with a results name, but has no contents defined
+    - ``warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward`` - flag to enable warnings when a :class:`Forward` is
+      defined in a grammar but has never had an expression attached to it
+    - ``warn_on_assignment_to_Forward`` - flag to enable warnings when a :class:`Forward` is defined
+      but is overwritten by assigning using ``'='`` instead of ``'<<='`` or ``'<<'``
+    - ``warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof`` - flag to enable warnings when :class:`one_of` is
+      incorrectly called with multiple str arguments
+    - ``enable_debug_on_named_expressions`` - flag to auto-enable debug on all subsequent
+      calls to :class:`ParserElement.set_name`
+
+    Diagnostics are enabled/disabled by calling :class:`enable_diag` and :class:`disable_diag`.
+    All warnings can be enabled by calling :class:`enable_all_warnings`.
+    """
+
+    warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation = 0
+    warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection = 1
+    warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward = 2
+    warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward = 3
+    warn_on_assignment_to_Forward = 4
+    warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof = 5
+    warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator = 6
+    enable_debug_on_named_expressions = 7
+
+
+def enable_diag(diag_enum: Diagnostics) -> None:
+    """
+    Enable a global pyparsing diagnostic flag (see :class:`Diagnostics`).
+    """
+    __diag__.enable(diag_enum.name)
+
+
+def disable_diag(diag_enum: Diagnostics) -> None:
+    """
+    Disable a global pyparsing diagnostic flag (see :class:`Diagnostics`).
+    """
+    __diag__.disable(diag_enum.name)
+
+
+def enable_all_warnings() -> None:
+    """
+    Enable all global pyparsing diagnostic warnings (see :class:`Diagnostics`).
+    """
+    __diag__.enable_all_warnings()
+
+
+# hide abstract class
+del __config_flags
+
+
+def _should_enable_warnings(
+    cmd_line_warn_options: typing.Iterable[str], warn_env_var: typing.Optional[str]
+) -> bool:
+    enable = bool(warn_env_var)
+    for warn_opt in cmd_line_warn_options:
+        w_action, w_message, w_category, w_module, w_line = (warn_opt + "::::").split(
+            ":"
+        )[:5]
+        if not w_action.lower().startswith("i") and (
+            not (w_message or w_category or w_module) or w_module == "pyparsing"
+        ):
+            enable = True
+        elif w_action.lower().startswith("i") and w_module in ("pyparsing", ""):
+            enable = False
+    return enable
+
+
+if _should_enable_warnings(
+    sys.warnoptions, os.environ.get("PYPARSINGENABLEALLWARNINGS")
+):
+    enable_all_warnings()
+
+
+# build list of single arg builtins, that can be used as parse actions
+_single_arg_builtins = {
+    sum,
+    len,
+    sorted,
+    reversed,
+    list,
+    tuple,
+    set,
+    any,
+    all,
+    min,
+    max,
+}
+
+_generatorType = types.GeneratorType
+ParseImplReturnType = Tuple[int, Any]
+PostParseReturnType = Union[ParseResults, Sequence[ParseResults]]
+ParseAction = Union[
+    Callable[[], Any],
+    Callable[[ParseResults], Any],
+    Callable[[int, ParseResults], Any],
+    Callable[[str, int, ParseResults], Any],
+]
+ParseCondition = Union[
+    Callable[[], bool],
+    Callable[[ParseResults], bool],
+    Callable[[int, ParseResults], bool],
+    Callable[[str, int, ParseResults], bool],
+]
+ParseFailAction = Callable[[str, int, "ParserElement", Exception], None]
+DebugStartAction = Callable[[str, int, "ParserElement", bool], None]
+DebugSuccessAction = Callable[
+    [str, int, int, "ParserElement", ParseResults, bool], None
+]
+DebugExceptionAction = Callable[[str, int, "ParserElement", Exception, bool], None]
+
+
+alphas = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase
+identchars = pyparsing_unicode.Latin1.identchars
+identbodychars = pyparsing_unicode.Latin1.identbodychars
+nums = "0123456789"
+hexnums = nums + "ABCDEFabcdef"
+alphanums = alphas + nums
+printables = "".join([c for c in string.printable if c not in string.whitespace])
+
+_trim_arity_call_line: traceback.StackSummary = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+def _trim_arity(func, max_limit=3):
+    """decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target"""
+    global _trim_arity_call_line
+
+    if func in _single_arg_builtins:
+        return lambda s, l, t: func(t)
+
+    limit = 0
+    found_arity = False
+
+    # synthesize what would be returned by traceback.extract_stack at the call to
+    # user's parse action 'func', so that we don't incur call penalty at parse time
+
+    # fmt: off
+    LINE_DIFF = 7
+    # IF ANY CODE CHANGES, EVEN JUST COMMENTS OR BLANK LINES, BETWEEN THE NEXT LINE AND
+    # THE CALL TO FUNC INSIDE WRAPPER, LINE_DIFF MUST BE MODIFIED!!!!
+    _trim_arity_call_line = (_trim_arity_call_line or traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[-1])
+    pa_call_line_synth = (_trim_arity_call_line[0], _trim_arity_call_line[1] + LINE_DIFF)
+
+    def wrapper(*args):
+        nonlocal found_arity, limit
+        while 1:
+            try:
+                ret = func(*args[limit:])
+                found_arity = True
+                return ret
+            except TypeError as te:
+                # re-raise TypeErrors if they did not come from our arity testing
+                if found_arity:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    tb = te.__traceback__
+                    frames = traceback.extract_tb(tb, limit=2)
+                    frame_summary = frames[-1]
+                    trim_arity_type_error = (
+                        [frame_summary[:2]][-1][:2] == pa_call_line_synth
+                    )
+                    del tb
+
+                    if trim_arity_type_error:
+                        if limit < max_limit:
+                            limit += 1
+                            continue
+
+                    raise
+    # fmt: on
+
+    # copy func name to wrapper for sensible debug output
+    # (can't use functools.wraps, since that messes with function signature)
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", getattr(func, "__class__").__name__)
+    wrapper.__name__ = func_name
+    wrapper.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def condition_as_parse_action(
+    fn: ParseCondition, message: typing.Optional[str] = None, fatal: bool = False
+) -> ParseAction:
+    """
+    Function to convert a simple predicate function that returns ``True`` or ``False``
+    into a parse action. Can be used in places when a parse action is required
+    and :class:`ParserElement.add_condition` cannot be used (such as when adding a condition
+    to an operator level in :class:`infix_notation`).
+
+    Optional keyword arguments:
+
+    - ``message`` - define a custom message to be used in the raised exception
+    - ``fatal`` - if True, will raise :class:`ParseFatalException` to stop parsing immediately;
+      otherwise will raise :class:`ParseException`
+
+    """
+    msg = message if message is not None else "failed user-defined condition"
+    exc_type = ParseFatalException if fatal else ParseException
+    fn = _trim_arity(fn)
+
+    @wraps(fn)
+    def pa(s, l, t):
+        if not bool(fn(s, l, t)):
+            raise exc_type(s, l, msg)
+
+    return pa
+
+
+def _default_start_debug_action(
+    instring: str, loc: int, expr: "ParserElement", cache_hit: bool = False
+):
+    cache_hit_str = "*" if cache_hit else ""
+    print(
+        (
+            f"{cache_hit_str}Match {expr} at loc {loc}({lineno(loc, instring)},{col(loc, instring)})\n"
+            f"  {line(loc, instring)}\n"
+            f"  {' ' * (col(loc, instring) - 1)}^"
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _default_success_debug_action(
+    instring: str,
+    startloc: int,
+    endloc: int,
+    expr: "ParserElement",
+    toks: ParseResults,
+    cache_hit: bool = False,
+):
+    cache_hit_str = "*" if cache_hit else ""
+    print(f"{cache_hit_str}Matched {expr} -> {toks.as_list()}")
+
+
+def _default_exception_debug_action(
+    instring: str,
+    loc: int,
+    expr: "ParserElement",
+    exc: Exception,
+    cache_hit: bool = False,
+):
+    cache_hit_str = "*" if cache_hit else ""
+    print(f"{cache_hit_str}Match {expr} failed, {type(exc).__name__} raised: {exc}")
+
+
+def null_debug_action(*args):
+    """'Do-nothing' debug action, to suppress debugging output during parsing."""
+
+
+class ParserElement(ABC):
+    """Abstract base level parser element class."""
+
+    DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS: str = " \n\t\r"
+    verbose_stacktrace: bool = False
+    _literalStringClass: type = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def set_default_whitespace_chars(chars: str) -> None:
+        r"""
+        Overrides the default whitespace chars
+
+        Example::
+
+            # default whitespace chars are space, <TAB> and newline
+            Word(alphas)[1, ...].parse_string("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl']
+
+            # change to just treat newline as significant
+            ParserElement.set_default_whitespace_chars(" \t")
+            Word(alphas)[1, ...].parse_string("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def']
+        """
+        ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = chars
+
+        # update whitespace all parse expressions defined in this module
+        for expr in _builtin_exprs:
+            if expr.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
+                expr.whiteChars = set(chars)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inline_literals_using(cls: type) -> None:
+        """
+        Set class to be used for inclusion of string literals into a parser.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # default literal class used is Literal
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+
+
+            # change to Suppress
+            ParserElement.inline_literals_using(Suppress)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '12', '31']
+        """
+        ParserElement._literalStringClass = cls
+
+    @classmethod
+    def using_each(cls, seq, **class_kwargs):
+        """
+        Yields a sequence of class(obj, **class_kwargs) for obj in seq.
+
+        Example::
+
+            LPAR, RPAR, LBRACE, RBRACE, SEMI = Suppress.using_each("(){};")
+
+        """
+        yield from (cls(obj, **class_kwargs) for obj in seq)
+
+    class DebugActions(NamedTuple):
+        debug_try: typing.Optional[DebugStartAction]
+        debug_match: typing.Optional[DebugSuccessAction]
+        debug_fail: typing.Optional[DebugExceptionAction]
+
+    def __init__(self, savelist: bool = False):
+        self.parseAction: List[ParseAction] = list()
+        self.failAction: typing.Optional[ParseFailAction] = None
+        self.customName: str = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self._defaultName: typing.Optional[str] = None
+        self.resultsName: str = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.saveAsList = savelist
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = set(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS)
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = True
+        # used when checking for left-recursion
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.keepTabs = False
+        self.ignoreExprs: List["ParserElement"] = list()
+        self.debug = False
+        self.streamlined = False
+        # optimize exception handling for subclasses that don't advance parse index
+        self.mayIndexError = True
+        self.errmsg = ""
+        # mark results names as modal (report only last) or cumulative (list all)
+        self.modalResults = True
+        # custom debug actions
+        self.debugActions = self.DebugActions(None, None, None)
+        # avoid redundant calls to preParse
+        self.callPreparse = True
+        self.callDuringTry = False
+        self.suppress_warnings_: List[Diagnostics] = []
+
+    def suppress_warning(self, warning_type: Diagnostics) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Suppress warnings emitted for a particular diagnostic on this expression.
+
+        Example::
+
+            base = pp.Forward()
+            base.suppress_warning(Diagnostics.warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward)
+
+            # statement would normally raise a warning, but is now suppressed
+            print(base.parse_string("x"))
+
+        """
+        self.suppress_warnings_.append(warning_type)
+        return self
+
+    def visit_all(self):
+        """General-purpose method to yield all expressions and sub-expressions
+        in a grammar. Typically just for internal use.
+        """
+        to_visit = deque([self])
+        seen = set()
+        while to_visit:
+            cur = to_visit.popleft()
+
+            # guard against looping forever through recursive grammars
+            if cur in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(cur)
+
+            to_visit.extend(cur.recurse())
+            yield cur
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Make a copy of this :class:`ParserElement`.  Useful for defining
+        different parse actions for the same parsing pattern, using copies of
+        the original parse element.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            integerK = integer.copy().add_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0] * 1024) + Suppress("K")
+            integerM = integer.copy().add_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0] * 1024 * 1024) + Suppress("M")
+
+            print((integerK | integerM | integer)[1, ...].parse_string("5K 100 640K 256M"))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [5120, 100, 655360, 268435456]
+
+        Equivalent form of ``expr.copy()`` is just ``expr()``::
+
+            integerM = integer().add_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0] * 1024 * 1024) + Suppress("M")
+        """
+        cpy = copy.copy(self)
+        cpy.parseAction = self.parseAction[:]
+        cpy.ignoreExprs = self.ignoreExprs[:]
+        if self.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
+            cpy.whiteChars = set(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS)
+        return cpy
+
+    def set_results_name(
+        self, name: str, list_all_matches: bool = False, *, listAllMatches: bool = False
+    ) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define name for referencing matching tokens as a nested attribute
+        of the returned parse results.
+
+        Normally, results names are assigned as you would assign keys in a dict:
+        any existing value is overwritten by later values. If it is necessary to
+        keep all values captured for a particular results name, call ``set_results_name``
+        with ``list_all_matches`` = True.
+
+        NOTE: ``set_results_name`` returns a *copy* of the original :class:`ParserElement` object;
+        this is so that the client can define a basic element, such as an
+        integer, and reference it in multiple places with different names.
+
+        You can also set results names using the abbreviated syntax,
+        ``expr("name")`` in place of ``expr.set_results_name("name")``
+        - see :class:`__call__`. If ``list_all_matches`` is required, use
+        ``expr("name*")``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            date_str = (integer.set_results_name("year") + '/'
+                        + integer.set_results_name("month") + '/'
+                        + integer.set_results_name("day"))
+
+            # equivalent form:
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+        """
+        listAllMatches = listAllMatches or list_all_matches
+        return self._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if name is None:
+            return self
+        newself = self.copy()
+        if name.endswith("*"):
+            name = name[:-1]
+            listAllMatches = True
+        newself.resultsName = name
+        newself.modalResults = not listAllMatches
+        return newself
+
+    def set_break(self, break_flag: bool = True) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Method to invoke the Python pdb debugger when this element is
+        about to be parsed. Set ``break_flag`` to ``True`` to enable, ``False`` to
+        disable.
+        """
+        if break_flag:
+            _parseMethod = self._parse
+
+            def breaker(instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True):
+                import pdb
+
+                # this call to pdb.set_trace() is intentional, not a checkin error
+                pdb.set_trace()
+                return _parseMethod(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse)
+
+            breaker._originalParseMethod = _parseMethod  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+            self._parse = breaker  # type: ignore [assignment]
+        else:
+            if hasattr(self._parse, "_originalParseMethod"):
+                self._parse = self._parse._originalParseMethod  # type: ignore [attr-defined, assignment]
+        return self
+
+    def set_parse_action(self, *fns: ParseAction, **kwargs) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define one or more actions to perform when successfully matching parse element definition.
+
+        Parse actions can be called to perform data conversions, do extra validation,
+        update external data structures, or enhance or replace the parsed tokens.
+        Each parse action ``fn`` is a callable method with 0-3 arguments, called as
+        ``fn(s, loc, toks)`` , ``fn(loc, toks)`` , ``fn(toks)`` , or just ``fn()`` , where:
+
+        - ``s``    = the original string being parsed (see note below)
+        - ``loc``  = the location of the matching substring
+        - ``toks`` = a list of the matched tokens, packaged as a :class:`ParseResults` object
+
+        The parsed tokens are passed to the parse action as ParseResults. They can be
+        modified in place using list-style append, extend, and pop operations to update
+        the parsed list elements; and with dictionary-style item set and del operations
+        to add, update, or remove any named results. If the tokens are modified in place,
+        it is not necessary to return them with a return statement.
+
+        Parse actions can also completely replace the given tokens, with another ``ParseResults``
+        object, or with some entirely different object (common for parse actions that perform data
+        conversions). A convenient way to build a new parse result is to define the values
+        using a dict, and then create the return value using :class:`ParseResults.from_dict`.
+
+        If None is passed as the ``fn`` parse action, all previously added parse actions for this
+        expression are cleared.
+
+        Optional keyword arguments:
+
+        - ``call_during_try`` = (default= ``False``) indicate if parse action should be run during
+          lookaheads and alternate testing. For parse actions that have side effects, it is
+          important to only call the parse action once it is determined that it is being
+          called as part of a successful parse. For parse actions that perform additional
+          validation, then call_during_try should be passed as True, so that the validation
+          code is included in the preliminary "try" parses.
+
+        Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+        before starting the parsing process.  See :class:`parse_string` for more
+        information on parsing strings containing ``<TAB>`` s, and suggested
+        methods to maintain a consistent view of the parsed string, the parse
+        location, and line and column positions within the parsed string.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # parse dates in the form YYYY/MM/DD
+
+            # use parse action to convert toks from str to int at parse time
+            def convert_to_int(toks):
+                return int(toks[0])
+
+            # use a parse action to verify that the date is a valid date
+            def is_valid_date(instring, loc, toks):
+                from datetime import date
+                year, month, day = toks[::2]
+                try:
+                    date(year, month, day)
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise ParseException(instring, loc, "invalid date given")
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            # add parse actions
+            integer.set_parse_action(convert_to_int)
+            date_str.set_parse_action(is_valid_date)
+
+            # note that integer fields are now ints, not strings
+            date_str.run_tests('''
+                # successful parse - note that integer fields were converted to ints
+                1999/12/31
+
+                # fail - invalid date
+                1999/13/31
+                ''')
+        """
+        if list(fns) == [None]:
+            self.parseAction = []
+        else:
+            if not all(callable(fn) for fn in fns):
+                raise TypeError("parse actions must be callable")
+            self.parseAction = [_trim_arity(fn) for fn in fns]
+            self.callDuringTry = kwargs.get(
+                "call_during_try", kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+            )
+        return self
+
+    def add_parse_action(self, *fns: ParseAction, **kwargs) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Add one or more parse actions to expression's list of parse actions. See :class:`set_parse_action`.
+
+        See examples in :class:`copy`.
+        """
+        self.parseAction += [_trim_arity(fn) for fn in fns]
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get(
+            "call_during_try", kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        )
+        return self
+
+    def add_condition(self, *fns: ParseCondition, **kwargs) -> "ParserElement":
+        """Add a boolean predicate function to expression's list of parse actions. See
+        :class:`set_parse_action` for function call signatures. Unlike ``set_parse_action``,
+        functions passed to ``add_condition`` need to return boolean success/fail of the condition.
+
+        Optional keyword arguments:
+
+        - ``message`` = define a custom message to be used in the raised exception
+        - ``fatal`` = if True, will raise ParseFatalException to stop parsing immediately; otherwise will raise
+          ParseException
+        - ``call_during_try`` = boolean to indicate if this method should be called during internal tryParse calls,
+          default=False
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            year_int = integer.copy()
+            year_int.add_condition(lambda toks: toks[0] >= 2000, message="Only support years 2000 and later")
+            date_str = year_int + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")  # -> Exception: Only support years 2000 and later (at char 0),
+                                                                         (line:1, col:1)
+        """
+        for fn in fns:
+            self.parseAction.append(
+                condition_as_parse_action(
+                    fn,
+                    message=str(kwargs.get("message")),
+                    fatal=bool(kwargs.get("fatal", False)),
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get(
+            "call_during_try", kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        )
+        return self
+
+    def set_fail_action(self, fn: ParseFailAction) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define action to perform if parsing fails at this expression.
+        Fail acton fn is a callable function that takes the arguments
+        ``fn(s, loc, expr, err)`` where:
+
+        - ``s`` = string being parsed
+        - ``loc`` = location where expression match was attempted and failed
+        - ``expr`` = the parse expression that failed
+        - ``err`` = the exception thrown
+
+        The function returns no value.  It may throw :class:`ParseFatalException`
+        if it is desired to stop parsing immediately."""
+        self.failAction = fn
+        return self
+
+    def _skipIgnorables(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if not self.ignoreExprs:
+            return loc
+        exprsFound = True
+        ignore_expr_fns = [e._parse for e in self.ignoreExprs]
+        while exprsFound:
+            exprsFound = False
+            for ignore_fn in ignore_expr_fns:
+                try:
+                    while 1:
+                        loc, dummy = ignore_fn(instring, loc)
+                        exprsFound = True
+                except ParseException:
+                    pass
+        return loc
+
+    def preParse(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if self.ignoreExprs:
+            loc = self._skipIgnorables(instring, loc)
+
+        if self.skipWhitespace:
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            white_chars = self.whiteChars
+            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in white_chars:
+                loc += 1
+
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        return loc, []
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        return tokenlist
+
+    # @profile
+    def _parseNoCache(
+        self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True
+    ) -> Tuple[int, ParseResults]:
+        TRY, MATCH, FAIL = 0, 1, 2
+        debugging = self.debug  # and doActions)
+        len_instring = len(instring)
+
+        if debugging or self.failAction:
+            # print("Match {} at loc {}({}, {})".format(self, loc, lineno(loc, instring), col(loc, instring)))
+            try:
+                if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                    pre_loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+                else:
+                    pre_loc = loc
+                tokens_start = pre_loc
+                if self.debugActions.debug_try:
+                    self.debugActions.debug_try(instring, tokens_start, self, False)
+                if self.mayIndexError or pre_loc >= len_instring:
+                    try:
+                        loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+                    except IndexError:
+                        raise ParseException(instring, len_instring, self.errmsg, self)
+                else:
+                    loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+            except Exception as err:
+                # print("Exception raised:", err)
+                if self.debugActions.debug_fail:
+                    self.debugActions.debug_fail(
+                        instring, tokens_start, self, err, False
+                    )
+                if self.failAction:
+                    self.failAction(instring, tokens_start, self, err)
+                raise
+        else:
+            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                pre_loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+            else:
+                pre_loc = loc
+            tokens_start = pre_loc
+            if self.mayIndexError or pre_loc >= len_instring:
+                try:
+                    loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseException(instring, len_instring, self.errmsg, self)
+            else:
+                loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+
+        tokens = self.postParse(instring, loc, tokens)
+
+        ret_tokens = ParseResults(
+            tokens, self.resultsName, asList=self.saveAsList, modal=self.modalResults
+        )
+        if self.parseAction and (doActions or self.callDuringTry):
+            if debugging:
+                try:
+                    for fn in self.parseAction:
+                        try:
+                            tokens = fn(instring, tokens_start, ret_tokens)  # type: ignore [call-arg, arg-type]
+                        except IndexError as parse_action_exc:
+                            exc = ParseException("exception raised in parse action")
+                            raise exc from parse_action_exc
+
+                        if tokens is not None and tokens is not ret_tokens:
+                            ret_tokens = ParseResults(
+                                tokens,
+                                self.resultsName,
+                                asList=self.saveAsList
+                                and isinstance(tokens, (ParseResults, list)),
+                                modal=self.modalResults,
+                            )
+                except Exception as err:
+                    # print "Exception raised in user parse action:", err
+                    if self.debugActions.debug_fail:
+                        self.debugActions.debug_fail(
+                            instring, tokens_start, self, err, False
+                        )
+                    raise
+            else:
+                for fn in self.parseAction:
+                    try:
+                        tokens = fn(instring, tokens_start, ret_tokens)  # type: ignore [call-arg, arg-type]
+                    except IndexError as parse_action_exc:
+                        exc = ParseException("exception raised in parse action")
+                        raise exc from parse_action_exc
+
+                    if tokens is not None and tokens is not ret_tokens:
+                        ret_tokens = ParseResults(
+                            tokens,
+                            self.resultsName,
+                            asList=self.saveAsList
+                            and isinstance(tokens, (ParseResults, list)),
+                            modal=self.modalResults,
+                        )
+        if debugging:
+            # print("Matched", self, "->", ret_tokens.as_list())
+            if self.debugActions.debug_match:
+                self.debugActions.debug_match(
+                    instring, tokens_start, loc, self, ret_tokens, False
+                )
+
+        return loc, ret_tokens
+
+    def try_parse(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        loc: int,
+        *,
+        raise_fatal: bool = False,
+        do_actions: bool = False,
+    ) -> int:
+        try:
+            return self._parse(instring, loc, doActions=do_actions)[0]
+        except ParseFatalException:
+            if raise_fatal:
+                raise
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+    def can_parse_next(self, instring: str, loc: int, do_actions: bool = False) -> bool:
+        try:
+            self.try_parse(instring, loc, do_actions=do_actions)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    # cache for left-recursion in Forward references
+    recursion_lock = RLock()
+    recursion_memos: typing.Dict[
+        Tuple[int, "Forward", bool], Tuple[int, Union[ParseResults, Exception]]
+    ] = {}
+
+    class _CacheType(dict):
+        """
+        class to help type checking
+        """
+
+        not_in_cache: bool
+
+        def get(self, *args):
+            ...
+
+        def set(self, *args):
+            ...
+
+    # argument cache for optimizing repeated calls when backtracking through recursive expressions
+    packrat_cache = (
+        _CacheType()
+    )  # set later by enable_packrat(); this is here so that reset_cache() doesn't fail
+    packrat_cache_lock = RLock()
+    packrat_cache_stats = [0, 0]
+
+    # this method gets repeatedly called during backtracking with the same arguments -
+    # we can cache these arguments and save ourselves the trouble of re-parsing the contained expression
+    def _parseCache(
+        self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True
+    ) -> Tuple[int, ParseResults]:
+        HIT, MISS = 0, 1
+        TRY, MATCH, FAIL = 0, 1, 2
+        lookup = (self, instring, loc, callPreParse, doActions)
+        with ParserElement.packrat_cache_lock:
+            cache = ParserElement.packrat_cache
+            value = cache.get(lookup)
+            if value is cache.not_in_cache:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[MISS] += 1
+                try:
+                    value = self._parseNoCache(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse)
+                except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                    # cache a copy of the exception, without the traceback
+                    cache.set(lookup, pe.__class__(*pe.args))
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    cache.set(lookup, (value[0], value[1].copy(), loc))
+                    return value
+            else:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[HIT] += 1
+                if self.debug and self.debugActions.debug_try:
+                    try:
+                        self.debugActions.debug_try(instring, loc, self, cache_hit=True)  # type: ignore [call-arg]
+                    except TypeError:
+                        pass
+                if isinstance(value, Exception):
+                    if self.debug and self.debugActions.debug_fail:
+                        try:
+                            self.debugActions.debug_fail(
+                                instring, loc, self, value, cache_hit=True  # type: ignore [call-arg]
+                            )
+                        except TypeError:
+                            pass
+                    raise value
+
+                value = cast(Tuple[int, ParseResults, int], value)
+                loc_, result, endloc = value[0], value[1].copy(), value[2]
+                if self.debug and self.debugActions.debug_match:
+                    try:
+                        self.debugActions.debug_match(
+                            instring, loc_, endloc, self, result, cache_hit=True  # type: ignore [call-arg]
+                        )
+                    except TypeError:
+                        pass
+
+                return loc_, result
+
+    _parse = _parseNoCache
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def reset_cache() -> None:
+        ParserElement.packrat_cache.clear()
+        ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[:] = [0] * len(
+            ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats
+        )
+        ParserElement.recursion_memos.clear()
+
+    _packratEnabled = False
+    _left_recursion_enabled = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def disable_memoization() -> None:
+        """
+        Disables active Packrat or Left Recursion parsing and their memoization
+
+        This method also works if neither Packrat nor Left Recursion are enabled.
+        This makes it safe to call before activating Packrat nor Left Recursion
+        to clear any previous settings.
+        """
+        ParserElement.reset_cache()
+        ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled = False
+        ParserElement._packratEnabled = False
+        ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseNoCache
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def enable_left_recursion(
+        cache_size_limit: typing.Optional[int] = None, *, force=False
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Enables "bounded recursion" parsing, which allows for both direct and indirect
+        left-recursion. During parsing, left-recursive :class:`Forward` elements are
+        repeatedly matched with a fixed recursion depth that is gradually increased
+        until finding the longest match.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from pip._vendor import pyparsing as pp
+            pp.ParserElement.enable_left_recursion()
+
+            E = pp.Forward("E")
+            num = pp.Word(pp.nums)
+            # match `num`, or `num '+' num`, or `num '+' num '+' num`, ...
+            E <<= E + '+' - num | num
+
+            print(E.parse_string("1+2+3"))
+
+        Recursion search naturally memoizes matches of ``Forward`` elements and may
+        thus skip reevaluation of parse actions during backtracking. This may break
+        programs with parse actions which rely on strict ordering of side-effects.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``cache_size_limit`` - (default=``None``) - memoize at most this many
+          ``Forward`` elements during matching; if ``None`` (the default),
+          memoize all ``Forward`` elements.
+
+        Bounded Recursion parsing works similar but not identical to Packrat parsing,
+        thus the two cannot be used together. Use ``force=True`` to disable any
+        previous, conflicting settings.
+        """
+        if force:
+            ParserElement.disable_memoization()
+        elif ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+            raise RuntimeError("Packrat and Bounded Recursion are not compatible")
+        if cache_size_limit is None:
+            ParserElement.recursion_memos = _UnboundedMemo()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        elif cache_size_limit > 0:
+            ParserElement.recursion_memos = _LRUMemo(capacity=cache_size_limit)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Memo size of %s" % cache_size_limit)
+        ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled = True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def enable_packrat(cache_size_limit: int = 128, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Enables "packrat" parsing, which adds memoizing to the parsing logic.
+        Repeated parse attempts at the same string location (which happens
+        often in many complex grammars) can immediately return a cached value,
+        instead of re-executing parsing/validating code.  Memoizing is done of
+        both valid results and parsing exceptions.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``cache_size_limit`` - (default= ``128``) - if an integer value is provided
+          will limit the size of the packrat cache; if None is passed, then
+          the cache size will be unbounded; if 0 is passed, the cache will
+          be effectively disabled.
+
+        This speedup may break existing programs that use parse actions that
+        have side-effects.  For this reason, packrat parsing is disabled when
+        you first import pyparsing.  To activate the packrat feature, your
+        program must call the class method :class:`ParserElement.enable_packrat`.
+        For best results, call ``enable_packrat()`` immediately after
+        importing pyparsing.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from pip._vendor import pyparsing
+            pyparsing.ParserElement.enable_packrat()
+
+        Packrat parsing works similar but not identical to Bounded Recursion parsing,
+        thus the two cannot be used together. Use ``force=True`` to disable any
+        previous, conflicting settings.
+        """
+        if force:
+            ParserElement.disable_memoization()
+        elif ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled:
+            raise RuntimeError("Packrat and Bounded Recursion are not compatible")
+        if not ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+            ParserElement._packratEnabled = True
+            if cache_size_limit is None:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache = _UnboundedCache()
+            else:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache = _FifoCache(cache_size_limit)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseCache
+
+    def parse_string(
+        self, instring: str, parse_all: bool = False, *, parseAll: bool = False
+    ) -> ParseResults:
+        """
+        Parse a string with respect to the parser definition. This function is intended as the primary interface to the
+        client code.
+
+        :param instring: The input string to be parsed.
+        :param parse_all: If set, the entire input string must match the grammar.
+        :param parseAll: retained for pre-PEP8 compatibility, will be removed in a future release.
+        :raises ParseException: Raised if ``parse_all`` is set and the input string does not match the whole grammar.
+        :returns: the parsed data as a :class:`ParseResults` object, which may be accessed as a `list`, a `dict`, or
+          an object with attributes if the given parser includes results names.
+
+        If the input string is required to match the entire grammar, ``parse_all`` flag must be set to ``True``. This
+        is also equivalent to ending the grammar with :class:`StringEnd`\\ ().
+
+        To report proper column numbers, ``parse_string`` operates on a copy of the input string where all tabs are
+        converted to spaces (8 spaces per tab, as per the default in ``string.expandtabs``). If the input string
+        contains tabs and the grammar uses parse actions that use the ``loc`` argument to index into the string
+        being parsed, one can ensure a consistent view of the input string by doing one of the following:
+
+        - calling ``parse_with_tabs`` on your grammar before calling ``parse_string`` (see :class:`parse_with_tabs`),
+        - define your parse action using the full ``(s,loc,toks)`` signature, and reference the input string using the
+          parse action's ``s`` argument, or
+        - explicitly expand the tabs in your input string before calling ``parse_string``.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        By default, partial matches are OK.
+
+        >>> res = Word('a').parse_string('aaaaabaaa')
+        >>> print(res)
+        ['aaaaa']
+
+        The parsing behavior varies by the inheriting class of this abstract class. Please refer to the children
+        directly to see more examples.
+
+        It raises an exception if parse_all flag is set and instring does not match the whole grammar.
+
+        >>> res = Word('a').parse_string('aaaaabaaa', parse_all=True)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        pyparsing.ParseException: Expected end of text, found 'b'  (at char 5), (line:1, col:6)
+        """
+        parseAll = parse_all or parseAll
+
+        ParserElement.reset_cache()
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = instring.expandtabs()
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self._parse(instring, 0)
+            if parseAll:
+                loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+                se = Empty() + StringEnd()
+                se._parse(instring, loc)
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clearing out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+        else:
+            return tokens
+
+    def scan_string(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        max_matches: int = _MAX_INT,
+        overlap: bool = False,
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        maxMatches: int = _MAX_INT,
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[ParseResults, int, int], None, None]:
+        """
+        Scan the input string for expression matches.  Each match will return the
+        matching tokens, start location, and end location.  May be called with optional
+        ``max_matches`` argument, to clip scanning after 'n' matches are found.  If
+        ``overlap`` is specified, then overlapping matches will be reported.
+
+        Note that the start and end locations are reported relative to the string
+        being parsed.  See :class:`parse_string` for more information on parsing
+        strings with embedded tabs.
+
+        Example::
+
+            source = "sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987"
+            print(source)
+            for tokens, start, end in Word(alphas).scan_string(source):
+                print(' '*start + '^'*(end-start))
+                print(' '*start + tokens[0])
+
+        prints::
+
+            sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987
+            ^^^^^
+            sldjf
+                    ^^^^^^^
+                    lsdjjkf
+                              ^^^^^^
+                              sldkjf
+                                       ^^^^^^
+                                       lkjsfd
+        """
+        maxMatches = min(maxMatches, max_matches)
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = str(instring).expandtabs()
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        loc = 0
+        preparseFn = self.preParse
+        parseFn = self._parse
+        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        matches = 0
+        try:
+            while loc <= instrlen and matches < maxMatches:
+                try:
+                    preloc: int = preparseFn(instring, loc)
+                    nextLoc: int
+                    tokens: ParseResults
+                    nextLoc, tokens = parseFn(instring, preloc, callPreParse=False)
+                except ParseException:
+                    loc = preloc + 1
+                else:
+                    if nextLoc > loc:
+                        matches += 1
+                        if debug:
+                            print(
+                                {
+                                    "tokens": tokens.asList(),
+                                    "start": preloc,
+                                    "end": nextLoc,
+                                }
+                            )
+                        yield tokens, preloc, nextLoc
+                        if overlap:
+                            nextloc = preparseFn(instring, loc)
+                            if nextloc > loc:
+                                loc = nextLoc
+                            else:
+                                loc += 1
+                        else:
+                            loc = nextLoc
+                    else:
+                        loc = preloc + 1
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def transform_string(self, instring: str, *, debug: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Extension to :class:`scan_string`, to modify matching text with modified tokens that may
+        be returned from a parse action.  To use ``transform_string``, define a grammar and
+        attach a parse action to it that modifies the returned token list.
+        Invoking ``transform_string()`` on a target string will then scan for matches,
+        and replace the matched text patterns according to the logic in the parse
+        action.  ``transform_string()`` returns the resulting transformed string.
+
+        Example::
+
+            wd = Word(alphas)
+            wd.set_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0].title())
+
+            print(wd.transform_string("now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york."))
+
+        prints::
+
+            Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York.
+        """
+        out: List[str] = []
+        lastE = 0
+        # force preservation of <TAB>s, to minimize unwanted transformation of string, and to
+        # keep string locs straight between transform_string and scan_string
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        try:
+            for t, s, e in self.scan_string(instring, debug=debug):
+                out.append(instring[lastE:s])
+                if t:
+                    if isinstance(t, ParseResults):
+                        out += t.as_list()
+                    elif isinstance(t, Iterable) and not isinstance(t, str_type):
+                        out.extend(t)
+                    else:
+                        out.append(t)
+                lastE = e
+            out.append(instring[lastE:])
+            out = [o for o in out if o]
+            return "".join([str(s) for s in _flatten(out)])
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def search_string(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        max_matches: int = _MAX_INT,
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        maxMatches: int = _MAX_INT,
+    ) -> ParseResults:
+        """
+        Another extension to :class:`scan_string`, simplifying the access to the tokens found
+        to match the given parse expression.  May be called with optional
+        ``max_matches`` argument, to clip searching after 'n' matches are found.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # a capitalized word starts with an uppercase letter, followed by zero or more lowercase letters
+            cap_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
+
+            print(cap_word.search_string("More than Iron, more than Lead, more than Gold I need Electricity"))
+
+            # the sum() builtin can be used to merge results into a single ParseResults object
+            print(sum(cap_word.search_string("More than Iron, more than Lead, more than Gold I need Electricity")))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [['More'], ['Iron'], ['Lead'], ['Gold'], ['I'], ['Electricity']]
+            ['More', 'Iron', 'Lead', 'Gold', 'I', 'Electricity']
+        """
+        maxMatches = min(maxMatches, max_matches)
+        try:
+            return ParseResults(
+                [t for t, s, e in self.scan_string(instring, maxMatches, debug=debug)]
+            )
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        maxsplit: int = _MAX_INT,
+        include_separators: bool = False,
+        *,
+        includeSeparators=False,
+    ) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        """
+        Generator method to split a string using the given expression as a separator.
+        May be called with optional ``maxsplit`` argument, to limit the number of splits;
+        and the optional ``include_separators`` argument (default= ``False``), if the separating
+        matching text should be included in the split results.
+
+        Example::
+
+            punc = one_of(list(".,;:/-!?"))
+            print(list(punc.split("This, this?, this sentence, is badly punctuated!")))
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['This', ' this', '', ' this sentence', ' is badly punctuated', '']
+        """
+        includeSeparators = includeSeparators or include_separators
+        last = 0
+        for t, s, e in self.scan_string(instring, max_matches=maxsplit):
+            yield instring[last:s]
+            if includeSeparators:
+                yield t[0]
+            last = e
+        yield instring[last:]
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``+`` operator - returns :class:`And`. Adding strings to a :class:`ParserElement`
+        converts them to :class:`Literal`\\ s by default.
+
+        Example::
+
+            greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
+            hello = "Hello, World!"
+            print(hello, "->", greet.parse_string(hello))
+
+        prints::
+
+            Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+
+        ``...`` may be used as a parse expression as a short form of :class:`SkipTo`::
+
+            Literal('start') + ... + Literal('end')
+
+        is equivalent to::
+
+            Literal('start') + SkipTo('end')("_skipped*") + Literal('end')
+
+        Note that the skipped text is returned with '_skipped' as a results name,
+        and to support having multiple skips in the same parser, the value returned is
+        a list of all skipped text.
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            return _PendingSkip(self)
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return And([self, other])
+
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``+`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            return SkipTo(self)("_skipped*") + self
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other + self
+
+    def __sub__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``-`` operator, returns :class:`And` with error stop
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self + And._ErrorStop() + other
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``-`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other - self
+
+    def __mul__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``*`` operator, allows use of ``expr * 3`` in place of
+        ``expr + expr + expr``.  Expressions may also be multiplied by a 2-integer
+        tuple, similar to ``{min, max}`` multipliers in regular expressions.  Tuples
+        may also include ``None`` as in:
+
+        - ``expr*(n, None)`` or ``expr*(n, )`` is equivalent
+          to ``expr*n + ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+          (read as "at least n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr*(None, n)`` is equivalent to ``expr*(0, n)``
+          (read as "0 to n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr*(None, None)`` is equivalent to ``ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+        - ``expr*(1, None)`` is equivalent to ``OneOrMore(expr)``
+
+        Note that ``expr*(None, n)`` does not raise an exception if
+        more than n exprs exist in the input stream; that is,
+        ``expr*(None, n)`` does not enforce a maximum number of expr
+        occurrences.  If this behavior is desired, then write
+        ``expr*(None, n) + ~expr``
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            other = (0, None)
+        elif isinstance(other, tuple) and other[:1] == (Ellipsis,):
+            other = ((0,) + other[1:] + (None,))[:2]
+
+        if isinstance(other, int):
+            minElements, optElements = other, 0
+        elif isinstance(other, tuple):
+            other = tuple(o if o is not Ellipsis else None for o in other)
+            other = (other + (None, None))[:2]
+            if other[0] is None:
+                other = (0, other[1])
+            if isinstance(other[0], int) and other[1] is None:
+                if other[0] == 0:
+                    return ZeroOrMore(self)
+                if other[0] == 1:
+                    return OneOrMore(self)
+                else:
+                    return self * other[0] + ZeroOrMore(self)
+            elif isinstance(other[0], int) and isinstance(other[1], int):
+                minElements, optElements = other
+                optElements -= minElements
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        if minElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by negative value")
+        if optElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "second tuple value must be greater or equal to first tuple value"
+            )
+        if minElements == optElements == 0:
+            return And([])
+
+        if optElements:
+
+            def makeOptionalList(n):
+                if n > 1:
+                    return Opt(self + makeOptionalList(n - 1))
+                else:
+                    return Opt(self)
+
+            if minElements:
+                if minElements == 1:
+                    ret = self + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+                else:
+                    ret = And([self] * minElements) + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+            else:
+                ret = makeOptionalList(optElements)
+        else:
+            if minElements == 1:
+                ret = self
+            else:
+                ret = And([self] * minElements)
+        return ret
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        return self.__mul__(other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``|`` operator - returns :class:`MatchFirst`
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            return _PendingSkip(self, must_skip=True)
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            # `expr | ""` is equivalent to `Opt(expr)`
+            if other == "":
+                return Opt(self)
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return MatchFirst([self, other])
+
+    def __ror__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``|`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other | self
+
+    def __xor__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``^`` operator - returns :class:`Or`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return Or([self, other])
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``^`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other ^ self
+
+    def __and__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``&`` operator - returns :class:`Each`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return Each([self, other])
+
+    def __rand__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``&`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other & self
+
+    def __invert__(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``~`` operator - returns :class:`NotAny`
+        """
+        return NotAny(self)
+
+    # disable __iter__ to override legacy use of sequential access to __getitem__ to
+    # iterate over a sequence
+    __iter__ = None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        """
+        use ``[]`` indexing notation as a short form for expression repetition:
+
+        - ``expr[n]`` is equivalent to ``expr*n``
+        - ``expr[m, n]`` is equivalent to ``expr*(m, n)``
+        - ``expr[n, ...]`` or ``expr[n,]`` is equivalent
+             to ``expr*n + ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+             (read as "at least n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr[..., n]`` is equivalent to ``expr*(0, n)``
+             (read as "0 to n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr[...]`` and ``expr[0, ...]`` are equivalent to ``ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+        - ``expr[1, ...]`` is equivalent to ``OneOrMore(expr)``
+
+        ``None`` may be used in place of ``...``.
+
+        Note that ``expr[..., n]`` and ``expr[m, n]`` do not raise an exception
+        if more than ``n`` ``expr``\\ s exist in the input stream.  If this behavior is
+        desired, then write ``expr[..., n] + ~expr``.
+
+        For repetition with a stop_on expression, use slice notation:
+
+        - ``expr[...: end_expr]`` and ``expr[0, ...: end_expr]`` are equivalent to ``ZeroOrMore(expr, stop_on=end_expr)``
+        - ``expr[1, ...: end_expr]`` is equivalent to ``OneOrMore(expr, stop_on=end_expr)``
+
+        """
+
+        stop_on_defined = False
+        stop_on = NoMatch()
+        if isinstance(key, slice):
+            key, stop_on = key.start, key.stop
+            if key is None:
+                key = ...
+            stop_on_defined = True
+        elif isinstance(key, tuple) and isinstance(key[-1], slice):
+            key, stop_on = (key[0], key[1].start), key[1].stop
+            stop_on_defined = True
+
+        # convert single arg keys to tuples
+        if isinstance(key, str_type):
+            key = (key,)
+        try:
+            iter(key)
+        except TypeError:
+            key = (key, key)
+
+        if len(key) > 2:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"only 1 or 2 index arguments supported ({key[:5]}{f'... [{len(key)}]' if len(key) > 5 else ''})"
+            )
+
+        # clip to 2 elements
+        ret = self * tuple(key[:2])
+        ret = typing.cast(_MultipleMatch, ret)
+
+        if stop_on_defined:
+            ret.stopOn(stop_on)
+
+        return ret
+
+    def __call__(self, name: typing.Optional[str] = None) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Shortcut for :class:`set_results_name`, with ``list_all_matches=False``.
+
+        If ``name`` is given with a trailing ``'*'`` character, then ``list_all_matches`` will be
+        passed as ``True``.
+
+        If ``name`` is omitted, same as calling :class:`copy`.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # these are equivalent
+            userdata = Word(alphas).set_results_name("name") + Word(nums + "-").set_results_name("socsecno")
+            userdata = Word(alphas)("name") + Word(nums + "-")("socsecno")
+        """
+        if name is not None:
+            return self._setResultsName(name)
+        else:
+            return self.copy()
+
+    def suppress(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Suppresses the output of this :class:`ParserElement`; useful to keep punctuation from
+        cluttering up returned output.
+        """
+        return Suppress(self)
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Enables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
+        :class:`ParserElement`'s defined pattern.
+
+        :param recursive: If ``True`` (the default), also enable whitespace skipping in child elements (if any)
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        return self
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
+        :class:`ParserElement`'s defined pattern.  This is normally only used internally by
+        the pyparsing module, but may be needed in some whitespace-sensitive grammars.
+
+        :param recursive: If true (the default), also disable whitespace skipping in child elements (if any)
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def set_whitespace_chars(
+        self, chars: Union[Set[str], str], copy_defaults: bool = False
+    ) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Overrides the default whitespace chars
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = set(chars)
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = copy_defaults
+        return self
+
+    def parse_with_tabs(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Overrides default behavior to expand ``<TAB>`` s to spaces before parsing the input string.
+        Must be called before ``parse_string`` when the input grammar contains elements that
+        match ``<TAB>`` characters.
+        """
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        return self
+
+    def ignore(self, other: "ParserElement") -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define expression to be ignored (e.g., comments) while doing pattern
+        matching; may be called repeatedly, to define multiple comment or other
+        ignorable patterns.
+
+        Example::
+
+            patt = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+            patt.parse_string('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd')
+            # -> ['ablaj']
+
+            patt.ignore(c_style_comment)
+            patt.parse_string('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd')
+            # -> ['ablaj', 'lskjd']
+        """
+        import typing
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = Suppress(other)
+
+        if isinstance(other, Suppress):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                self.ignoreExprs.append(other)
+        else:
+            self.ignoreExprs.append(Suppress(other.copy()))
+        return self
+
+    def set_debug_actions(
+        self,
+        start_action: DebugStartAction,
+        success_action: DebugSuccessAction,
+        exception_action: DebugExceptionAction,
+    ) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Customize display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching:
+
+        - ``start_action`` - method to be called when an expression is about to be parsed;
+          should have the signature ``fn(input_string: str, location: int, expression: ParserElement, cache_hit: bool)``
+
+        - ``success_action`` - method to be called when an expression has successfully parsed;
+          should have the signature ``fn(input_string: str, start_location: int, end_location: int, expression: ParserELement, parsed_tokens: ParseResults, cache_hit: bool)``
+
+        - ``exception_action`` - method to be called when expression fails to parse;
+          should have the signature ``fn(input_string: str, location: int, expression: ParserElement, exception: Exception, cache_hit: bool)``
+        """
+        self.debugActions = self.DebugActions(
+            start_action or _default_start_debug_action,  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+            success_action or _default_success_debug_action,  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+            exception_action or _default_exception_debug_action,  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+        )
+        self.debug = True
+        return self
+
+    def set_debug(self, flag: bool = True, recurse: bool = False) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
+        Set ``flag`` to ``True`` to enable, ``False`` to disable.
+        Set ``recurse`` to ``True`` to set the debug flag on this expression and all sub-expressions.
+
+        Example::
+
+            wd = Word(alphas).set_name("alphaword")
+            integer = Word(nums).set_name("numword")
+            term = wd | integer
+
+            # turn on debugging for wd
+            wd.set_debug()
+
+            term[1, ...].parse_string("abc 123 xyz 890")
+
+        prints::
+
+            Match alphaword at loc 0(1,1)
+            Matched alphaword -> ['abc']
+            Match alphaword at loc 3(1,4)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
+            Match alphaword at loc 7(1,8)
+            Matched alphaword -> ['xyz']
+            Match alphaword at loc 11(1,12)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 12), (line:1, col:13)
+            Match alphaword at loc 15(1,16)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 15), (line:1, col:16)
+
+        The output shown is that produced by the default debug actions - custom debug actions can be
+        specified using :class:`set_debug_actions`. Prior to attempting
+        to match the ``wd`` expression, the debugging message ``"Match <exprname> at loc <n>(<line>,<col>)"``
+        is shown. Then if the parse succeeds, a ``"Matched"`` message is shown, or an ``"Exception raised"``
+        message is shown. Also note the use of :class:`set_name` to assign a human-readable name to the expression,
+        which makes debugging and exception messages easier to understand - for instance, the default
+        name created for the :class:`Word` expression without calling ``set_name`` is ``"W:(A-Za-z)"``.
+        """
+        if recurse:
+            for expr in self.visit_all():
+                expr.set_debug(flag, recurse=False)
+            return self
+
+        if flag:
+            self.set_debug_actions(
+                _default_start_debug_action,
+                _default_success_debug_action,
+                _default_exception_debug_action,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.debug = False
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def default_name(self) -> str:
+        if self._defaultName is None:
+            self._defaultName = self._generateDefaultName()
+        return self._defaultName
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Child classes must define this method, which defines how the ``default_name`` is set.
+        """
+
+    def set_name(self, name: str) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define name for this expression, makes debugging and exception messages clearer.
+
+        Example::
+
+            Word(nums).parse_string("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected W:(0-9) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+            Word(nums).set_name("integer").parse_string("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        """
+        self.customName = name
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        if __diag__.enable_debug_on_named_expressions:
+            self.set_debug()
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        # This will use a user-defined name if available, but otherwise defaults back to the auto-generated name
+        return self.customName if self.customName is not None else self.default_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def streamline(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        self.streamlined = True
+        self._defaultName = None
+        return self
+
+    def recurse(self) -> List["ParserElement"]:
+        return []
+
+    def _checkRecursion(self, parseElementList):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [self]
+        for e in self.recurse():
+            e._checkRecursion(subRecCheckList)
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        """
+        Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite recursive definitions.
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def parse_file(
+        self,
+        file_or_filename: Union[str, Path, TextIO],
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+        parse_all: bool = False,
+        *,
+        parseAll: bool = False,
+    ) -> ParseResults:
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression on the given file or filename.
+        If a filename is specified (instead of a file object),
+        the entire file is opened, read, and closed before parsing.
+        """
+        parseAll = parseAll or parse_all
+        try:
+            file_or_filename = typing.cast(TextIO, file_or_filename)
+            file_contents = file_or_filename.read()
+        except AttributeError:
+            file_or_filename = typing.cast(str, file_or_filename)
+            with open(file_or_filename, "r", encoding=encoding) as f:
+                file_contents = f.read()
+        try:
+            return self.parse_string(file_contents, parseAll)
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        elif isinstance(other, str_type):
+            return self.matches(other, parse_all=True)
+        elif isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return vars(self) == vars(other)
+        return False
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def matches(
+        self, test_string: str, parse_all: bool = True, *, parseAll: bool = True
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Method for quick testing of a parser against a test string. Good for simple
+        inline microtests of sub expressions while building up larger parser.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``test_string`` - to test against this expression for a match
+        - ``parse_all`` - (default= ``True``) - flag to pass to :class:`parse_string` when running tests
+
+        Example::
+
+            expr = Word(nums)
+            assert expr.matches("100")
+        """
+        parseAll = parseAll and parse_all
+        try:
+            self.parse_string(str(test_string), parse_all=parseAll)
+            return True
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            return False
+
+    def run_tests(
+        self,
+        tests: Union[str, List[str]],
+        parse_all: bool = True,
+        comment: typing.Optional[Union["ParserElement", str]] = "#",
+        full_dump: bool = True,
+        print_results: bool = True,
+        failure_tests: bool = False,
+        post_parse: typing.Optional[Callable[[str, ParseResults], str]] = None,
+        file: typing.Optional[TextIO] = None,
+        with_line_numbers: bool = False,
+        *,
+        parseAll: bool = True,
+        fullDump: bool = True,
+        printResults: bool = True,
+        failureTests: bool = False,
+        postParse: typing.Optional[Callable[[str, ParseResults], str]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[bool, List[Tuple[str, Union[ParseResults, Exception]]]]:
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression on a series of test strings, showing each
+        test, the parsed results or where the parse failed. Quick and easy way to
+        run a parse expression against a list of sample strings.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``tests`` - a list of separate test strings, or a multiline string of test strings
+        - ``parse_all`` - (default= ``True``) - flag to pass to :class:`parse_string` when running tests
+        - ``comment`` - (default= ``'#'``) - expression for indicating embedded comments in the test
+          string; pass None to disable comment filtering
+        - ``full_dump`` - (default= ``True``) - dump results as list followed by results names in nested outline;
+          if False, only dump nested list
+        - ``print_results`` - (default= ``True``) prints test output to stdout
+        - ``failure_tests`` - (default= ``False``) indicates if these tests are expected to fail parsing
+        - ``post_parse`` - (default= ``None``) optional callback for successful parse results; called as
+          `fn(test_string, parse_results)` and returns a string to be added to the test output
+        - ``file`` - (default= ``None``) optional file-like object to which test output will be written;
+          if None, will default to ``sys.stdout``
+        - ``with_line_numbers`` - default= ``False``) show test strings with line and column numbers
+
+        Returns: a (success, results) tuple, where success indicates that all tests succeeded
+        (or failed if ``failure_tests`` is True), and the results contain a list of lines of each
+        test's output
+
+        Example::
+
+            number_expr = pyparsing_common.number.copy()
+
+            result = number_expr.run_tests('''
+                # unsigned integer
+                100
+                # negative integer
+                -100
+                # float with scientific notation
+                6.02e23
+                # integer with scientific notation
+                1e-12
+                ''')
+            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
+
+            result = number_expr.run_tests('''
+                # stray character
+                100Z
+                # missing leading digit before '.'
+                -.100
+                # too many '.'
+                3.14.159
+                ''', failure_tests=True)
+            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
+
+        prints::
+
+            # unsigned integer
+            100
+            [100]
+
+            # negative integer
+            -100
+            [-100]
+
+            # float with scientific notation
+            6.02e23
+            [6.02e+23]
+
+            # integer with scientific notation
+            1e-12
+            [1e-12]
+
+            Success
+
+            # stray character
+            100Z
+               ^
+            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 3), (line:1, col:4)
+
+            # missing leading digit before '.'
+            -.100
+            ^
+            FAIL: Expected {real number with scientific notation | real number | signed integer} (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+
+            # too many '.'
+            3.14.159
+                ^
+            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
+
+            Success
+
+        Each test string must be on a single line. If you want to test a string that spans multiple
+        lines, create a test like this::
+
+            expr.run_tests(r"this is a test\\n of strings that spans \\n 3 lines")
+
+        (Note that this is a raw string literal, you must include the leading ``'r'``.)
+        """
+        from .testing import pyparsing_test
+
+        parseAll = parseAll and parse_all
+        fullDump = fullDump and full_dump
+        printResults = printResults and print_results
+        failureTests = failureTests or failure_tests
+        postParse = postParse or post_parse
+        if isinstance(tests, str_type):
+            tests = typing.cast(str, tests)
+            line_strip = type(tests).strip
+            tests = [line_strip(test_line) for test_line in tests.rstrip().splitlines()]
+        comment_specified = comment is not None
+        if comment_specified:
+            if isinstance(comment, str_type):
+                comment = typing.cast(str, comment)
+                comment = Literal(comment)
+        comment = typing.cast(ParserElement, comment)
+        if file is None:
+            file = sys.stdout
+        print_ = file.write
+
+        result: Union[ParseResults, Exception]
+        allResults: List[Tuple[str, Union[ParseResults, Exception]]] = []
+        comments: List[str] = []
+        success = True
+        NL = Literal(r"\n").add_parse_action(replace_with("\n")).ignore(quoted_string)
+        BOM = "\ufeff"
+        for t in tests:
+            if comment_specified and comment.matches(t, False) or comments and not t:
+                comments.append(
+                    pyparsing_test.with_line_numbers(t) if with_line_numbers else t
+                )
+                continue
+            if not t:
+                continue
+            out = [
+                "\n" + "\n".join(comments) if comments else "",
+                pyparsing_test.with_line_numbers(t) if with_line_numbers else t,
+            ]
+            comments = []
+            try:
+                # convert newline marks to actual newlines, and strip leading BOM if present
+                t = NL.transform_string(t.lstrip(BOM))
+                result = self.parse_string(t, parse_all=parseAll)
+            except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                fatal = "(FATAL)" if isinstance(pe, ParseFatalException) else ""
+                out.append(pe.explain())
+                out.append("FAIL: " + str(pe))
+                if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                    out.extend(traceback.format_tb(pe.__traceback__))
+                success = success and failureTests
+                result = pe
+            except Exception as exc:
+                out.append(f"FAIL-EXCEPTION: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+                if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                    out.extend(traceback.format_tb(exc.__traceback__))
+                success = success and failureTests
+                result = exc
+            else:
+                success = success and not failureTests
+                if postParse is not None:
+                    try:
+                        pp_value = postParse(t, result)
+                        if pp_value is not None:
+                            if isinstance(pp_value, ParseResults):
+                                out.append(pp_value.dump())
+                            else:
+                                out.append(str(pp_value))
+                        else:
+                            out.append(result.dump())
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        out.append(result.dump(full=fullDump))
+                        out.append(
+                            f"{postParse.__name__} failed: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
+                        )
+                else:
+                    out.append(result.dump(full=fullDump))
+            out.append("")
+
+            if printResults:
+                print_("\n".join(out))
+
+            allResults.append((t, result))
+
+        return success, allResults
+
+    def create_diagram(
+        self,
+        output_html: Union[TextIO, Path, str],
+        vertical: int = 3,
+        show_results_names: bool = False,
+        show_groups: bool = False,
+        embed: bool = False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a railroad diagram for the parser.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``output_html`` (str or file-like object) - output target for generated
+          diagram HTML
+        - ``vertical`` (int) - threshold for formatting multiple alternatives vertically
+          instead of horizontally (default=3)
+        - ``show_results_names`` - bool flag whether diagram should show annotations for
+          defined results names
+        - ``show_groups`` - bool flag whether groups should be highlighted with an unlabeled surrounding box
+        - ``embed`` - bool flag whether generated HTML should omit <HEAD>, <BODY>, and <DOCTYPE> tags to embed
+          the resulting HTML in an enclosing HTML source
+        - ``head`` - str containing additional HTML to insert into the <HEAD> section of the generated code;
+          can be used to insert custom CSS styling
+        - ``body`` - str containing additional HTML to insert at the beginning of the <BODY> section of the
+          generated code
+
+        Additional diagram-formatting keyword arguments can also be included;
+        see railroad.Diagram class.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            from .diagram import to_railroad, railroad_to_html
+        except ImportError as ie:
+            raise Exception(
+                "must ``pip install pyparsing[diagrams]`` to generate parser railroad diagrams"
+            ) from ie
+
+        self.streamline()
+
+        railroad = to_railroad(
+            self,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            show_results_names=show_results_names,
+            show_groups=show_groups,
+            diagram_kwargs=kwargs,
+        )
+        if isinstance(output_html, (str, Path)):
+            with open(output_html, "w", encoding="utf-8") as diag_file:
+                diag_file.write(railroad_to_html(railroad, embed=embed, **kwargs))
+        else:
+            # we were passed a file-like object, just write to it
+            output_html.write(railroad_to_html(railroad, embed=embed, **kwargs))
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(inline_literals_using)
+    def inlineLiteralsUsing(): ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_default_whitespace_chars)
+    def setDefaultWhitespaceChars(): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_results_name)
+    def setResultsName(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_break)
+    def setBreak(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_parse_action)
+    def setParseAction(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(add_parse_action)
+    def addParseAction(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(add_condition)
+    def addCondition(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_fail_action)
+    def setFailAction(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(try_parse)
+    def tryParse(self): ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(enable_left_recursion)
+    def enableLeftRecursion(): ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(enable_packrat)
+    def enablePackrat(): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(parse_string)
+    def parseString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(scan_string)
+    def scanString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(transform_string)
+    def transformString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(search_string)
+    def searchString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_whitespace_chars)
+    def setWhitespaceChars(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(parse_with_tabs)
+    def parseWithTabs(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_debug_actions)
+    def setDebugActions(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_debug)
+    def setDebug(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_name)
+    def setName(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(parse_file)
+    def parseFile(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(run_tests)
+    def runTests(self): ...
+
+    canParseNext = can_parse_next
+    resetCache = reset_cache
+    defaultName = default_name
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class _PendingSkip(ParserElement):
+    # internal placeholder class to hold a place were '...' is added to a parser element,
+    # once another ParserElement is added, this placeholder will be replaced with a SkipTo
+    def __init__(self, expr: ParserElement, must_skip: bool = False):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.anchor = expr
+        self.must_skip = must_skip
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.anchor + Empty()).replace("Empty", "...")
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        skipper = SkipTo(other).set_name("...")("_skipped*")
+        if self.must_skip:
+
+            def must_skip(t):
+                if not t._skipped or t._skipped.as_list() == [""]:
+                    del t[0]
+                    t.pop("_skipped", None)
+
+            def show_skip(t):
+                if t._skipped.as_list()[-1:] == [""]:
+                    t.pop("_skipped")
+                    t["_skipped"] = "missing <" + repr(self.anchor) + ">"
+
+            return (
+                self.anchor + skipper().add_parse_action(must_skip)
+                | skipper().add_parse_action(show_skip)
+            ) + other
+
+        return self.anchor + skipper + other
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.defaultName
+
+    def parseImpl(self, *args):
+        raise Exception(
+            "use of `...` expression without following SkipTo target expression"
+        )
+
+
+class Token(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract :class:`ParserElement` subclass, for defining atomic
+    matching patterns.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(savelist=False)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return type(self).__name__
+
+
+class NoMatch(Token):
+    """
+    A token that will never match.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.errmsg = "Unmatchable token"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Literal(Token):
+    """
+    Token to exactly match a specified string.
+
+    Example::
+
+        Literal('blah').parse_string('blah')  # -> ['blah']
+        Literal('blah').parse_string('blahfooblah')  # -> ['blah']
+        Literal('blah').parse_string('bla')  # -> Exception: Expected "blah"
+
+    For case-insensitive matching, use :class:`CaselessLiteral`.
+
+    For keyword matching (force word break before and after the matched string),
+    use :class:`Keyword` or :class:`CaselessKeyword`.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, match_string: str = "", *, matchString: str = ""):
+        # Performance tuning: select a subclass with optimized parseImpl
+        if cls is Literal:
+            match_string = matchString or match_string
+            if not match_string:
+                return super().__new__(Empty)
+            if len(match_string) == 1:
+                return super().__new__(_SingleCharLiteral)
+
+        # Default behavior
+        return super().__new__(cls)
+
+    # Needed to make copy.copy() work correctly if we customize __new__
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return (self.match,)
+
+    def __init__(self, match_string: str = "", *, matchString: str = ""):
+        super().__init__()
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        self.match = match_string
+        self.matchLen = len(match_string)
+        self.firstMatchChar = match_string[:1]
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self.match)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and instring.startswith(
+            self.match, loc
+        ):
+            return loc + self.matchLen, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Empty(Literal):
+    """
+    An empty token, will always match.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, match_string="", *, matchString=""):
+        super().__init__("")
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "Empty"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class _SingleCharLiteral(Literal):
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar:
+            return loc + 1, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+ParserElement._literalStringClass = Literal
+
+
+class Keyword(Token):
+    """
+    Token to exactly match a specified string as a keyword, that is,
+    it must be immediately preceded and followed by whitespace or
+    non-keyword characters. Compare with :class:`Literal`:
+
+    - ``Literal("if")`` will match the leading ``'if'`` in
+      ``'ifAndOnlyIf'``.
+    - ``Keyword("if")`` will not; it will only match the leading
+      ``'if'`` in ``'if x=1'``, or ``'if(y==2)'``
+
+    Accepts two optional constructor arguments in addition to the
+    keyword string:
+
+    - ``ident_chars`` is a string of characters that would be valid
+      identifier characters, defaulting to all alphanumerics + "_" and
+      "$"
+    - ``caseless`` allows case-insensitive matching, default is ``False``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        Keyword("start").parse_string("start")  # -> ['start']
+        Keyword("start").parse_string("starting")  # -> Exception
+
+    For case-insensitive matching, use :class:`CaselessKeyword`.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = alphanums + "_$"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        match_string: str = "",
+        ident_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        caseless: bool = False,
+        *,
+        matchString: str = "",
+        identChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        identChars = identChars or ident_chars
+        if identChars is None:
+            identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        self.match = match_string
+        self.matchLen = len(match_string)
+        try:
+            self.firstMatchChar = match_string[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise ValueError("null string passed to Keyword; use Empty() instead")
+        self.errmsg = f"Expected {type(self).__name__} {self.name}"
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.caseless = caseless
+        if caseless:
+            self.caselessmatch = match_string.upper()
+            identChars = identChars.upper()
+        self.identChars = set(identChars)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self.match)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        errmsg = self.errmsg
+        errloc = loc
+        if self.caseless:
+            if instring[loc : loc + self.matchLen].upper() == self.caselessmatch:
+                if loc == 0 or instring[loc - 1].upper() not in self.identChars:
+                    if (
+                        loc >= len(instring) - self.matchLen
+                        or instring[loc + self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars
+                    ):
+                        return loc + self.matchLen, self.match
+                    else:
+                        # followed by keyword char
+                        errmsg += ", was immediately followed by keyword character"
+                        errloc = loc + self.matchLen
+                else:
+                    # preceded by keyword char
+                    errmsg += ", keyword was immediately preceded by keyword character"
+                    errloc = loc - 1
+            # else no match just raise plain exception
+
+        else:
+            if (
+                instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar
+                and self.matchLen == 1
+                or instring.startswith(self.match, loc)
+            ):
+                if loc == 0 or instring[loc - 1] not in self.identChars:
+                    if (
+                        loc >= len(instring) - self.matchLen
+                        or instring[loc + self.matchLen] not in self.identChars
+                    ):
+                        return loc + self.matchLen, self.match
+                    else:
+                        # followed by keyword char
+                        errmsg += (
+                            ", keyword was immediately followed by keyword character"
+                        )
+                        errloc = loc + self.matchLen
+                else:
+                    # preceded by keyword char
+                    errmsg += ", keyword was immediately preceded by keyword character"
+                    errloc = loc - 1
+            # else no match just raise plain exception
+
+        raise ParseException(instring, errloc, errmsg, self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def set_default_keyword_chars(chars) -> None:
+        """
+        Overrides the default characters used by :class:`Keyword` expressions.
+        """
+        Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = chars
+
+    setDefaultKeywordChars = set_default_keyword_chars
+
+
+class CaselessLiteral(Literal):
+    """
+    Token to match a specified string, ignoring case of letters.
+    Note: the matched results will always be in the case of the given
+    match string, NOT the case of the input text.
+
+    Example::
+
+        CaselessLiteral("CMD")[1, ...].parse_string("cmd CMD Cmd10")
+        # -> ['CMD', 'CMD', 'CMD']
+
+    (Contrast with example for :class:`CaselessKeyword`.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, match_string: str = "", *, matchString: str = ""):
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        super().__init__(match_string.upper())
+        # Preserve the defining literal.
+        self.returnString = match_string
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc : loc + self.matchLen].upper() == self.match:
+            return loc + self.matchLen, self.returnString
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class CaselessKeyword(Keyword):
+    """
+    Caseless version of :class:`Keyword`.
+
+    Example::
+
+        CaselessKeyword("CMD")[1, ...].parse_string("cmd CMD Cmd10")
+        # -> ['CMD', 'CMD']
+
+    (Contrast with example for :class:`CaselessLiteral`.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        match_string: str = "",
+        ident_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        matchString: str = "",
+        identChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        identChars = identChars or ident_chars
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        super().__init__(match_string, identChars, caseless=True)
+
+
+class CloseMatch(Token):
+    """A variation on :class:`Literal` which matches "close" matches,
+    that is, strings with at most 'n' mismatching characters.
+    :class:`CloseMatch` takes parameters:
+
+    - ``match_string`` - string to be matched
+    - ``caseless`` - a boolean indicating whether to ignore casing when comparing characters
+    - ``max_mismatches`` - (``default=1``) maximum number of
+      mismatches allowed to count as a match
+
+    The results from a successful parse will contain the matched text
+    from the input string and the following named results:
+
+    - ``mismatches`` - a list of the positions within the
+      match_string where mismatches were found
+    - ``original`` - the original match_string used to compare
+      against the input string
+
+    If ``mismatches`` is an empty list, then the match was an exact
+    match.
+
+    Example::
+
+        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA")
+        patt.parse_string("ATCATCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+        patt.parse_string("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> Exception: Expected 'ATCATCGAATGGA' (with up to 1 mismatches) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+
+        # exact match
+        patt.parse_string("ATCATCGAATGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAATGGA'], {'mismatches': [[]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+
+        # close match allowing up to 2 mismatches
+        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA", max_mismatches=2)
+        patt.parse_string("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCAXCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[4, 9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        match_string: str,
+        max_mismatches: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        maxMismatches: int = 1,
+        caseless=False,
+    ):
+        maxMismatches = max_mismatches if max_mismatches is not None else maxMismatches
+        super().__init__()
+        self.match_string = match_string
+        self.maxMismatches = maxMismatches
+        self.errmsg = f"Expected {self.match_string!r} (with up to {self.maxMismatches} mismatches)"
+        self.caseless = caseless
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}:{self.match_string!r}"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        start = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        maxloc = start + len(self.match_string)
+
+        if maxloc <= instrlen:
+            match_string = self.match_string
+            match_stringloc = 0
+            mismatches = []
+            maxMismatches = self.maxMismatches
+
+            for match_stringloc, s_m in enumerate(
+                zip(instring[loc:maxloc], match_string)
+            ):
+                src, mat = s_m
+                if self.caseless:
+                    src, mat = src.lower(), mat.lower()
+
+                if src != mat:
+                    mismatches.append(match_stringloc)
+                    if len(mismatches) > maxMismatches:
+                        break
+            else:
+                loc = start + match_stringloc + 1
+                results = ParseResults([instring[start:loc]])
+                results["original"] = match_string
+                results["mismatches"] = mismatches
+                return loc, results
+
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Word(Token):
+    """Token for matching words composed of allowed character sets.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``init_chars`` - string of all characters that should be used to
+      match as a word; "ABC" will match "AAA", "ABAB", "CBAC", etc.;
+      if ``body_chars`` is also specified, then this is the string of
+      initial characters
+    - ``body_chars`` - string of characters that
+      can be used for matching after a matched initial character as
+      given in ``init_chars``; if omitted, same as the initial characters
+      (default=``None``)
+    - ``min`` - minimum number of characters to match (default=1)
+    - ``max`` - maximum number of characters to match (default=0)
+    - ``exact`` - exact number of characters to match (default=0)
+    - ``as_keyword`` - match as a keyword (default=``False``)
+    - ``exclude_chars`` - characters that might be
+      found in the input ``body_chars`` string but which should not be
+      accepted for matching ;useful to define a word of all
+      printables except for one or two characters, for instance
+      (default=``None``)
+
+    :class:`srange` is useful for defining custom character set strings
+    for defining :class:`Word` expressions, using range notation from
+    regular expression character sets.
+
+    A common mistake is to use :class:`Word` to match a specific literal
+    string, as in ``Word("Address")``. Remember that :class:`Word`
+    uses the string argument to define *sets* of matchable characters.
+    This expression would match "Add", "AAA", "dAred", or any other word
+    made up of the characters 'A', 'd', 'r', 'e', and 's'. To match an
+    exact literal string, use :class:`Literal` or :class:`Keyword`.
+
+    pyparsing includes helper strings for building Words:
+
+    - :class:`alphas`
+    - :class:`nums`
+    - :class:`alphanums`
+    - :class:`hexnums`
+    - :class:`alphas8bit` (alphabetic characters in ASCII range 128-255
+      - accented, tilded, umlauted, etc.)
+    - :class:`punc8bit` (non-alphabetic characters in ASCII range
+      128-255 - currency, symbols, superscripts, diacriticals, etc.)
+    - :class:`printables` (any non-whitespace character)
+
+    ``alphas``, ``nums``, and ``printables`` are also defined in several
+    Unicode sets - see :class:`pyparsing_unicode``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # a word composed of digits
+        integer = Word(nums) # equivalent to Word("0123456789") or Word(srange("0-9"))
+
+        # a word with a leading capital, and zero or more lowercase
+        capital_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
+
+        # hostnames are alphanumeric, with leading alpha, and '-'
+        hostname = Word(alphas, alphanums + '-')
+
+        # roman numeral (not a strict parser, accepts invalid mix of characters)
+        roman = Word("IVXLCDM")
+
+        # any string of non-whitespace characters, except for ','
+        csv_value = Word(printables, exclude_chars=",")
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        init_chars: str = "",
+        body_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        min: int = 1,
+        max: int = 0,
+        exact: int = 0,
+        as_keyword: bool = False,
+        exclude_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        initChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        bodyChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        asKeyword: bool = False,
+        excludeChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        initChars = initChars or init_chars
+        bodyChars = bodyChars or body_chars
+        asKeyword = asKeyword or as_keyword
+        excludeChars = excludeChars or exclude_chars
+        super().__init__()
+        if not initChars:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid {type(self).__name__}, initChars cannot be empty string"
+            )
+
+        initChars_set = set(initChars)
+        if excludeChars:
+            excludeChars_set = set(excludeChars)
+            initChars_set -= excludeChars_set
+            if bodyChars:
+                bodyChars = "".join(set(bodyChars) - excludeChars_set)
+        self.initChars = initChars_set
+        self.initCharsOrig = "".join(sorted(initChars_set))
+
+        if bodyChars:
+            self.bodyChars = set(bodyChars)
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = "".join(sorted(bodyChars))
+        else:
+            self.bodyChars = initChars_set
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = self.initCharsOrig
+
+        self.maxSpecified = max > 0
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Opt(Word()) if zero-length word is permitted"
+            )
+
+        if self.maxSpecified and min > max:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid args, if min and max both specified min must be <= max (min={min}, max={max})"
+            )
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            min = max = exact
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.asKeyword = asKeyword
+        if self.asKeyword:
+            self.errmsg += " as a keyword"
+
+        # see if we can make a regex for this Word
+        if " " not in (self.initChars | self.bodyChars):
+            if len(self.initChars) == 1:
+                re_leading_fragment = re.escape(self.initCharsOrig)
+            else:
+                re_leading_fragment = f"[{_collapse_string_to_ranges(self.initChars)}]"
+
+            if self.bodyChars == self.initChars:
+                if max == 0:
+                    repeat = "+"
+                elif max == 1:
+                    repeat = ""
+                else:
+                    if self.minLen != self.maxLen:
+                        repeat = f"{{{self.minLen},{'' if self.maxLen == _MAX_INT else self.maxLen}}}"
+                    else:
+                        repeat = f"{{{self.minLen}}}"
+                self.reString = f"{re_leading_fragment}{repeat}"
+            else:
+                if max == 1:
+                    re_body_fragment = ""
+                    repeat = ""
+                else:
+                    re_body_fragment = f"[{_collapse_string_to_ranges(self.bodyChars)}]"
+                    if max == 0:
+                        repeat = "*"
+                    elif max == 2:
+                        repeat = "?" if min <= 1 else ""
+                    else:
+                        if min != max:
+                            repeat = f"{{{min - 1 if min > 0 else 0},{max - 1}}}"
+                        else:
+                            repeat = f"{{{min - 1 if min > 0 else 0}}}"
+
+                self.reString = (
+                    f"{re_leading_fragment}" f"{re_body_fragment}" f"{repeat}"
+                )
+
+            if self.asKeyword:
+                self.reString = rf"\b{self.reString}\b"
+
+            try:
+                self.re = re.compile(self.reString)
+            except re.error:
+                self.re = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            else:
+                self.re_match = self.re.match
+                self.parseImpl = self.parseImpl_regex  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        def charsAsStr(s):
+            max_repr_len = 16
+            s = _collapse_string_to_ranges(s, re_escape=False)
+            if len(s) > max_repr_len:
+                return s[: max_repr_len - 3] + "..."
+            else:
+                return s
+
+        if self.initChars != self.bodyChars:
+            base = f"W:({charsAsStr(self.initChars)}, {charsAsStr(self.bodyChars)})"
+        else:
+            base = f"W:({charsAsStr(self.initChars)})"
+
+        # add length specification
+        if self.minLen > 1 or self.maxLen != _MAX_INT:
+            if self.minLen == self.maxLen:
+                if self.minLen == 1:
+                    return base[2:]
+                else:
+                    return base + f"{{{self.minLen}}}"
+            elif self.maxLen == _MAX_INT:
+                return base + f"{{{self.minLen},...}}"
+            else:
+                return base + f"{{{self.minLen},{self.maxLen}}}"
+        return base
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] not in self.initChars:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        bodychars = self.bodyChars
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min(maxloc, instrlen)
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            loc += 1
+
+        throwException = False
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            throwException = True
+        elif self.maxSpecified and loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            throwException = True
+        elif self.asKeyword:
+            if (
+                start > 0
+                and instring[start - 1] in bodychars
+                or loc < instrlen
+                and instring[loc] in bodychars
+            ):
+                throwException = True
+
+        if throwException:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+    def parseImpl_regex(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        return loc, result.group()
+
+
+class Char(Word):
+    """A short-cut class for defining :class:`Word` ``(characters, exact=1)``,
+    when defining a match of any single character in a string of
+    characters.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        charset: str,
+        as_keyword: bool = False,
+        exclude_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        asKeyword: bool = False,
+        excludeChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        asKeyword = asKeyword or as_keyword
+        excludeChars = excludeChars or exclude_chars
+        super().__init__(
+            charset, exact=1, as_keyword=asKeyword, exclude_chars=excludeChars
+        )
+
+
+class Regex(Token):
+    r"""Token for matching strings that match a given regular
+    expression. Defined with string specifying the regular expression in
+    a form recognized by the stdlib Python  `re module <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html>`_.
+    If the given regex contains named groups (defined using ``(?P<name>...)``),
+    these will be preserved as named :class:`ParseResults`.
+
+    If instead of the Python stdlib ``re`` module you wish to use a different RE module
+    (such as the ``regex`` module), you can do so by building your ``Regex`` object with
+    a compiled RE that was compiled using ``regex``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        realnum = Regex(r"[+-]?\d+\.\d*")
+        # ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/267399/how-do-you-match-only-valid-roman-numerals-with-a-regular-expression
+        roman = Regex(r"M{0,4}(CM|CD|D?{0,3})(XC|XL|L?X{0,3})(IX|IV|V?I{0,3})")
+
+        # named fields in a regex will be returned as named results
+        date = Regex(r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d\d?)-(?P<day>\d\d?)')
+
+        # the Regex class will accept re's compiled using the regex module
+        import regex
+        parser = pp.Regex(regex.compile(r'[0-9]'))
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pattern: Any,
+        flags: Union[re.RegexFlag, int] = 0,
+        as_group_list: bool = False,
+        as_match: bool = False,
+        *,
+        asGroupList: bool = False,
+        asMatch: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """The parameters ``pattern`` and ``flags`` are passed
+        to the ``re.compile()`` function as-is. See the Python
+        `re module <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html>`_ module for an
+        explanation of the acceptable patterns and flags.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        asGroupList = asGroupList or as_group_list
+        asMatch = asMatch or as_match
+
+        if isinstance(pattern, str_type):
+            if not pattern:
+                raise ValueError("null string passed to Regex; use Empty() instead")
+
+            self._re = None
+            self.reString = self.pattern = pattern
+            self.flags = flags
+
+        elif hasattr(pattern, "pattern") and hasattr(pattern, "match"):
+            self._re = pattern
+            self.pattern = self.reString = pattern.pattern
+            self.flags = flags
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Regex may only be constructed with a string or a compiled RE object"
+            )
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.asGroupList = asGroupList
+        self.asMatch = asMatch
+        if self.asGroupList:
+            self.parseImpl = self.parseImplAsGroupList  # type: ignore [assignment]
+        if self.asMatch:
+            self.parseImpl = self.parseImplAsMatch  # type: ignore [assignment]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def re(self):
+        if self._re:
+            return self._re
+        else:
+            try:
+                return re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+            except re.error:
+                raise ValueError(f"invalid pattern ({self.pattern!r}) passed to Regex")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def re_match(self):
+        return self.re.match
+
+    @cached_property
+    def mayReturnEmpty(self):
+        return self.re_match("") is not None
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "Re:({})".format(repr(self.pattern).replace("\\\\", "\\"))
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = ParseResults(result.group())
+        d = result.groupdict()
+        if d:
+            for k, v in d.items():
+                ret[k] = v
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def parseImplAsGroupList(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result.groups()
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def parseImplAsMatch(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def sub(self, repl: str) -> ParserElement:
+        r"""
+        Return :class:`Regex` with an attached parse action to transform the parsed
+        result as if called using `re.sub(expr, repl, string) <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.sub>`_.
+
+        Example::
+
+            make_html = Regex(r"(\w+):(.*?):").sub(r"<\1>\2</\1>")
+            print(make_html.transform_string("h1:main title:"))
+            # prints "<h1>main title</h1>"
+        """
+        if self.asGroupList:
+            raise TypeError("cannot use sub() with Regex(as_group_list=True)")
+
+        if self.asMatch and callable(repl):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "cannot use sub() with a callable with Regex(as_match=True)"
+            )
+
+        if self.asMatch:
+
+            def pa(tokens):
+                return tokens[0].expand(repl)
+
+        else:
+
+            def pa(tokens):
+                return self.re.sub(repl, tokens[0])
+
+        return self.add_parse_action(pa)
+
+
+class QuotedString(Token):
+    r"""
+    Token for matching strings that are delimited by quoting characters.
+
+    Defined with the following parameters:
+
+    - ``quote_char`` - string of one or more characters defining the
+      quote delimiting string
+    - ``esc_char`` - character to re_escape quotes, typically backslash
+      (default= ``None``)
+    - ``esc_quote`` - special quote sequence to re_escape an embedded quote
+      string (such as SQL's ``""`` to re_escape an embedded ``"``)
+      (default= ``None``)
+    - ``multiline`` - boolean indicating whether quotes can span
+      multiple lines (default= ``False``)
+    - ``unquote_results`` - boolean indicating whether the matched text
+      should be unquoted (default= ``True``)
+    - ``end_quote_char`` - string of one or more characters defining the
+      end of the quote delimited string (default= ``None``  => same as
+      quote_char)
+    - ``convert_whitespace_escapes`` - convert escaped whitespace
+      (``'\t'``, ``'\n'``, etc.) to actual whitespace
+      (default= ``True``)
+
+    Example::
+
+        qs = QuotedString('"')
+        print(qs.search_string('lsjdf "This is the quote" sldjf'))
+        complex_qs = QuotedString('{{', end_quote_char='}}')
+        print(complex_qs.search_string('lsjdf {{This is the "quote"}} sldjf'))
+        sql_qs = QuotedString('"', esc_quote='""')
+        print(sql_qs.search_string('lsjdf "This is the quote with ""embedded"" quotes" sldjf'))
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['This is the quote']]
+        [['This is the "quote"']]
+        [['This is the quote with "embedded" quotes']]
+    """
+    ws_map = dict(((r"\t", "\t"), (r"\n", "\n"), (r"\f", "\f"), (r"\r", "\r")))
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        quote_char: str = "",
+        esc_char: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        esc_quote: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        multiline: bool = False,
+        unquote_results: bool = True,
+        end_quote_char: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        convert_whitespace_escapes: bool = True,
+        *,
+        quoteChar: str = "",
+        escChar: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        escQuote: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        unquoteResults: bool = True,
+        endQuoteChar: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        convertWhitespaceEscapes: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        escChar = escChar or esc_char
+        escQuote = escQuote or esc_quote
+        unquoteResults = unquoteResults and unquote_results
+        endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar or end_quote_char
+        convertWhitespaceEscapes = (
+            convertWhitespaceEscapes and convert_whitespace_escapes
+        )
+        quote_char = quoteChar or quote_char
+
+        # remove white space from quote chars - wont work anyway
+        quote_char = quote_char.strip()
+        if not quote_char:
+            raise ValueError("quote_char cannot be the empty string")
+
+        if endQuoteChar is None:
+            endQuoteChar = quote_char
+        else:
+            endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar.strip()
+            if not endQuoteChar:
+                raise ValueError("end_quote_char cannot be the empty string")
+
+        self.quoteChar: str = quote_char
+        self.quoteCharLen: int = len(quote_char)
+        self.firstQuoteChar: str = quote_char[0]
+        self.endQuoteChar: str = endQuoteChar
+        self.endQuoteCharLen: int = len(endQuoteChar)
+        self.escChar: str = escChar or ""
+        self.escQuote: str = escQuote or ""
+        self.unquoteResults: bool = unquoteResults
+        self.convertWhitespaceEscapes: bool = convertWhitespaceEscapes
+        self.multiline = multiline
+
+        sep = ""
+        inner_pattern = ""
+
+        if escQuote:
+            inner_pattern += rf"{sep}(?:{re.escape(escQuote)})"
+            sep = "|"
+
+        if escChar:
+            inner_pattern += rf"{sep}(?:{re.escape(escChar)}.)"
+            sep = "|"
+            self.escCharReplacePattern = re.escape(escChar) + "(.)"
+
+        if len(self.endQuoteChar) > 1:
+            inner_pattern += (
+                f"{sep}(?:"
+                + "|".join(
+                    f"(?:{re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[:i])}(?!{re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[i:])}))"
+                    for i in range(len(self.endQuoteChar) - 1, 0, -1)
+                )
+                + ")"
+            )
+            sep = "|"
+
+        self.flags = re.RegexFlag(0)
+
+        if multiline:
+            self.flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
+            inner_pattern += (
+                rf"{sep}(?:[^{_escape_regex_range_chars(self.endQuoteChar[0])}"
+                rf"{(_escape_regex_range_chars(escChar) if escChar is not None else '')}])"
+            )
+        else:
+            inner_pattern += (
+                rf"{sep}(?:[^{_escape_regex_range_chars(self.endQuoteChar[0])}\n\r"
+                rf"{(_escape_regex_range_chars(escChar) if escChar is not None else '')}])"
+            )
+
+        self.pattern = "".join(
+            [
+                re.escape(self.quoteChar),
+                "(?:",
+                inner_pattern,
+                ")*",
+                re.escape(self.endQuoteChar),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        if self.unquoteResults:
+            if self.convertWhitespaceEscapes:
+                self.unquote_scan_re = re.compile(
+                    rf"({'|'.join(re.escape(k) for k in self.ws_map)})|({re.escape(self.escChar)}.)|(\n|.)",
+                    flags=self.flags,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.unquote_scan_re = re.compile(
+                    rf"({re.escape(self.escChar)}.)|(\n|.)", flags=self.flags
+                )
+
+        try:
+            self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+            self.reString = self.pattern
+            self.re_match = self.re.match
+        except re.error:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid pattern {self.pattern!r} passed to Regex")
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        if self.quoteChar == self.endQuoteChar and isinstance(self.quoteChar, str_type):
+            return f"string enclosed in {self.quoteChar!r}"
+
+        return f"quoted string, starting with {self.quoteChar} ending with {self.endQuoteChar}"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = (
+            instring[loc] == self.firstQuoteChar
+            and self.re_match(instring, loc)
+            or None
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result.group()
+
+        if self.unquoteResults:
+            # strip off quotes
+            ret = ret[self.quoteCharLen : -self.endQuoteCharLen]
+
+            if isinstance(ret, str_type):
+                if self.convertWhitespaceEscapes:
+                    ret = "".join(
+                        self.ws_map[match.group(1)]
+                        if match.group(1)
+                        else match.group(2)[-1]
+                        if match.group(2)
+                        else match.group(3)
+                        for match in self.unquote_scan_re.finditer(ret)
+                    )
+                else:
+                    ret = "".join(
+                        match.group(1)[-1] if match.group(1) else match.group(2)
+                        for match in self.unquote_scan_re.finditer(ret)
+                    )
+
+                # replace escaped quotes
+                if self.escQuote:
+                    ret = ret.replace(self.escQuote, self.endQuoteChar)
+
+        return loc, ret
+
+
+class CharsNotIn(Token):
+    """Token for matching words composed of characters *not* in a given
+    set (will include whitespace in matched characters if not listed in
+    the provided exclusion set - see example). Defined with string
+    containing all disallowed characters, and an optional minimum,
+    maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for ``min`` is
+    1 (a minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for
+    ``max`` and ``exact`` are 0, meaning no maximum or exact
+    length restriction.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # define a comma-separated-value as anything that is not a ','
+        csv_value = CharsNotIn(',')
+        print(DelimitedList(csv_value).parse_string("dkls,lsdkjf,s12 34,@!#,213"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['dkls', 'lsdkjf', 's12 34', '@!#', '213']
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        not_chars: str = "",
+        min: int = 1,
+        max: int = 0,
+        exact: int = 0,
+        *,
+        notChars: str = "",
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.notChars = not_chars or notChars
+        self.notCharsSet = set(self.notChars)
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use "
+                "Opt(CharsNotIn()) if zero-length char group is permitted"
+            )
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.minLen == 0
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        not_chars_str = _collapse_string_to_ranges(self.notChars)
+        if len(not_chars_str) > 16:
+            return f"!W:({self.notChars[: 16 - 3]}...)"
+        else:
+            return f"!W:({self.notChars})"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        notchars = self.notCharsSet
+        if instring[loc] in notchars:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        maxlen = min(start + self.maxLen, len(instring))
+        while loc < maxlen and instring[loc] not in notchars:
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+
+class White(Token):
+    """Special matching class for matching whitespace.  Normally,
+    whitespace is ignored by pyparsing grammars.  This class is included
+    when some whitespace structures are significant.  Define with
+    a string containing the whitespace characters to be matched; default
+    is ``" \\t\\r\\n"``.  Also takes optional ``min``,
+    ``max``, and ``exact`` arguments, as defined for the
+    :class:`Word` class.
+    """
+
+    whiteStrs = {
+        " ": "<SP>",
+        "\t": "<TAB>",
+        "\n": "<LF>",
+        "\r": "<CR>",
+        "\f": "<FF>",
+        "\u00A0": "<NBSP>",
+        "\u1680": "<OGHAM_SPACE_MARK>",
+        "\u180E": "<MONGOLIAN_VOWEL_SEPARATOR>",
+        "\u2000": "<EN_QUAD>",
+        "\u2001": "<EM_QUAD>",
+        "\u2002": "<EN_SPACE>",
+        "\u2003": "<EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2004": "<THREE-PER-EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2005": "<FOUR-PER-EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2006": "<SIX-PER-EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2007": "<FIGURE_SPACE>",
+        "\u2008": "<PUNCTUATION_SPACE>",
+        "\u2009": "<THIN_SPACE>",
+        "\u200A": "<HAIR_SPACE>",
+        "\u200B": "<ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE>",
+        "\u202F": "<NNBSP>",
+        "\u205F": "<MMSP>",
+        "\u3000": "<IDEOGRAPHIC_SPACE>",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, ws: str = " \t\r\n", min: int = 1, max: int = 0, exact: int = 0):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.matchWhite = ws
+        self.set_whitespace_chars(
+            "".join(c for c in self.whiteStrs if c not in self.matchWhite),
+            copy_defaults=True,
+        )
+        # self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(White.whiteStrs[c] for c in self.matchWhite)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] not in self.matchWhite:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min(maxloc, len(instring))
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in self.matchWhite:
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+
+class PositionToken(Token):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+
+class GoToColumn(PositionToken):
+    """Token to advance to a specific column of input text; useful for
+    tabular report scraping.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, colno: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.col = colno
+
+    def preParse(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if col(loc, instring) != self.col:
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            if self.ignoreExprs:
+                loc = self._skipIgnorables(instring, loc)
+            while (
+                loc < instrlen
+                and instring[loc].isspace()
+                and col(loc, instring) != self.col
+            ):
+                loc += 1
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        thiscol = col(loc, instring)
+        if thiscol > self.col:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "Text not in expected column", self)
+        newloc = loc + self.col - thiscol
+        ret = instring[loc:newloc]
+        return newloc, ret
+
+
+class LineStart(PositionToken):
+    r"""Matches if current position is at the beginning of a line within
+    the parse string
+
+    Example::
+
+        test = '''\
+        AAA this line
+        AAA and this line
+          AAA but not this one
+        B AAA and definitely not this one
+        '''
+
+        for t in (LineStart() + 'AAA' + rest_of_line).search_string(test):
+            print(t)
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['AAA', ' this line']
+        ['AAA', ' and this line']
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.orig_whiteChars = set() | self.whiteChars
+        self.whiteChars.discard("\n")
+        self.skipper = Empty().set_whitespace_chars(self.whiteChars)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of line"
+
+    def preParse(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if loc == 0:
+            return loc
+        else:
+            ret = self.skipper.preParse(instring, loc)
+            if "\n" in self.orig_whiteChars:
+                while instring[ret : ret + 1] == "\n":
+                    ret = self.skipper.preParse(instring, ret + 1)
+            return ret
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if col(loc, instring) == 1:
+            return loc, []
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class LineEnd(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the end of a line within the
+    parse string
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.whiteChars.discard("\n")
+        self.set_whitespace_chars(self.whiteChars, copy_defaults=False)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of line"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc < len(instring):
+            if instring[loc] == "\n":
+                return loc + 1, "\n"
+            else:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        elif loc == len(instring):
+            return loc + 1, []
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class StringStart(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the beginning of the parse
+    string
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of text"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc != 0:
+            # see if entire string up to here is just whitespace and ignoreables
+            if loc != self.preParse(instring, 0):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class StringEnd(PositionToken):
+    """
+    Matches if current position is at the end of the parse string
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of text"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc < len(instring):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        elif loc == len(instring):
+            return loc + 1, []
+        elif loc > len(instring):
+            return loc, []
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class WordStart(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if the current position is at the beginning of a
+    :class:`Word`, and is not preceded by any character in a given
+    set of ``word_chars`` (default= ``printables``). To emulate the
+    ``\b`` behavior of regular expressions, use
+    ``WordStart(alphanums)``. ``WordStart`` will also match at
+    the beginning of the string being parsed, or at the beginning of
+    a line.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, word_chars: str = printables, *, wordChars: str = printables):
+        wordChars = word_chars if wordChars == printables else wordChars
+        super().__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the start of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc != 0:
+            if (
+                instring[loc - 1] in self.wordChars
+                or instring[loc] not in self.wordChars
+            ):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class WordEnd(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if the current position is at the end of a :class:`Word`,
+    and is not followed by any character in a given set of ``word_chars``
+    (default= ``printables``). To emulate the ``\b`` behavior of
+    regular expressions, use ``WordEnd(alphanums)``. ``WordEnd``
+    will also match at the end of the string being parsed, or at the end
+    of a line.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, word_chars: str = printables, *, wordChars: str = printables):
+        wordChars = word_chars if wordChars == printables else wordChars
+        super().__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the end of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        if instrlen > 0 and loc < instrlen:
+            if (
+                instring[loc] in self.wordChars
+                or instring[loc - 1] not in self.wordChars
+            ):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class ParseExpression(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract subclass of ParserElement, for combining and
+    post-processing parsed tokens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(savelist)
+        self.exprs: List[ParserElement]
+        if isinstance(exprs, _generatorType):
+            exprs = list(exprs)
+
+        if isinstance(exprs, str_type):
+            self.exprs = [self._literalStringClass(exprs)]
+        elif isinstance(exprs, ParserElement):
+            self.exprs = [exprs]
+        elif isinstance(exprs, Iterable):
+            exprs = list(exprs)
+            # if sequence of strings provided, wrap with Literal
+            if any(isinstance(expr, str_type) for expr in exprs):
+                exprs = (
+                    self._literalStringClass(e) if isinstance(e, str_type) else e
+                    for e in exprs
+                )
+            self.exprs = list(exprs)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.exprs = list(exprs)
+            except TypeError:
+                self.exprs = [exprs]
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def recurse(self) -> List[ParserElement]:
+        return self.exprs[:]
+
+    def append(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        self.exprs.append(other)
+        self._defaultName = None
+        return self
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        """
+        Extends ``leave_whitespace`` defined in base class, and also invokes ``leave_whitespace`` on
+           all contained expressions.
+        """
+        super().leave_whitespace(recursive)
+
+        if recursive:
+            self.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.leave_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        """
+        Extends ``ignore_whitespace`` defined in base class, and also invokes ``leave_whitespace`` on
+           all contained expressions.
+        """
+        super().ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+        if recursive:
+            self.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        if isinstance(other, Suppress):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super().ignore(other)
+                for e in self.exprs:
+                    e.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        else:
+            super().ignore(other)
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        return self
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({str(self.exprs)})"
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.streamlined:
+            return self
+
+        super().streamline()
+
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        # collapse nested :class:`And`'s of the form ``And(And(And(a, b), c), d)`` to ``And(a, b, c, d)``
+        # but only if there are no parse actions or resultsNames on the nested And's
+        # (likewise for :class:`Or`'s and :class:`MatchFirst`'s)
+        if len(self.exprs) == 2:
+            other = self.exprs[0]
+            if (
+                isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+                and not other.parseAction
+                and other.resultsName is None
+                and not other.debug
+            ):
+                self.exprs = other.exprs[:] + [self.exprs[1]]
+                self._defaultName = None
+                self.mayReturnEmpty |= other.mayReturnEmpty
+                self.mayIndexError |= other.mayIndexError
+
+            other = self.exprs[-1]
+            if (
+                isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+                and not other.parseAction
+                and other.resultsName is None
+                and not other.debug
+            ):
+                self.exprs = self.exprs[:-1] + other.exprs[:]
+                self._defaultName = None
+                self.mayReturnEmpty |= other.mayReturnEmpty
+                self.mayIndexError |= other.mayIndexError
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + str(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        tmp = (validateTrace if validateTrace is not None else [])[:] + [self]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.validate(tmp)
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def copy(self) -> ParserElement:
+        ret = super().copy()
+        ret = typing.cast(ParseExpression, ret)
+        ret.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+        return ret
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                if (
+                    isinstance(e, ParserElement)
+                    and e.resultsName
+                    and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+                    not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                ):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                        "collides with {!r} on contained expression".format(
+                            "warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection",
+                            name,
+                            type(self).__name__,
+                            e.resultsName,
+                        ),
+                        stacklevel=3,
+                    )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class And(ParseExpression):
+    """
+    Requires all given :class:`ParseExpression` s to be found in the given order.
+    Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+    May be constructed using the ``'+'`` operator.
+    May also be constructed using the ``'-'`` operator, which will
+    suppress backtracking.
+
+    Example::
+
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        name_expr = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+
+        expr = And([integer("id"), name_expr("name"), integer("age")])
+        # more easily written as:
+        expr = integer("id") + name_expr("name") + integer("age")
+    """
+
+    class _ErrorStop(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self.leave_whitespace()
+
+        def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+            return "-"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, exprs_arg: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = True
+    ):
+        exprs: List[ParserElement] = list(exprs_arg)
+        if exprs and Ellipsis in exprs:
+            tmp = []
+            for i, expr in enumerate(exprs):
+                if expr is Ellipsis:
+                    if i < len(exprs) - 1:
+                        skipto_arg: ParserElement = typing.cast(
+                            ParseExpression, (Empty() + exprs[i + 1])
+                        ).exprs[-1]
+                        tmp.append(SkipTo(skipto_arg)("_skipped*"))
+                    else:
+                        raise Exception(
+                            "cannot construct And with sequence ending in ..."
+                        )
+                else:
+                    tmp.append(expr)
+            exprs[:] = tmp
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            if not isinstance(self.exprs[0], White):
+                self.set_whitespace_chars(
+                    self.exprs[0].whiteChars,
+                    copy_defaults=self.exprs[0].copyDefaultWhiteChars,
+                )
+                self.skipWhitespace = self.exprs[0].skipWhitespace
+            else:
+                self.skipWhitespace = False
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        # collapse any _PendingSkip's
+        if self.exprs:
+            if any(
+                isinstance(e, ParseExpression)
+                and e.exprs
+                and isinstance(e.exprs[-1], _PendingSkip)
+                for e in self.exprs[:-1]
+            ):
+                deleted_expr_marker = NoMatch()
+                for i, e in enumerate(self.exprs[:-1]):
+                    if e is deleted_expr_marker:
+                        continue
+                    if (
+                        isinstance(e, ParseExpression)
+                        and e.exprs
+                        and isinstance(e.exprs[-1], _PendingSkip)
+                    ):
+                        e.exprs[-1] = e.exprs[-1] + self.exprs[i + 1]
+                        self.exprs[i + 1] = deleted_expr_marker
+                self.exprs = [e for e in self.exprs if e is not deleted_expr_marker]
+
+        super().streamline()
+
+        # link any IndentedBlocks to the prior expression
+        prev: ParserElement
+        cur: ParserElement
+        for prev, cur in zip(self.exprs, self.exprs[1:]):
+            # traverse cur or any first embedded expr of cur looking for an IndentedBlock
+            # (but watch out for recursive grammar)
+            seen = set()
+            while True:
+                if id(cur) in seen:
+                    break
+                seen.add(id(cur))
+                if isinstance(cur, IndentedBlock):
+                    prev.add_parse_action(
+                        lambda s, l, t, cur_=cur: setattr(
+                            cur_, "parent_anchor", col(l, s)
+                        )
+                    )
+                    break
+                subs = cur.recurse()
+                next_first = next(iter(subs), None)
+                if next_first is None:
+                    break
+                cur = typing.cast(ParserElement, next_first)
+
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        # pass False as callPreParse arg to _parse for first element, since we already
+        # pre-parsed the string as part of our And pre-parsing
+        loc, resultlist = self.exprs[0]._parse(
+            instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False
+        )
+        errorStop = False
+        for e in self.exprs[1:]:
+            # if isinstance(e, And._ErrorStop):
+            if type(e) is And._ErrorStop:
+                errorStop = True
+                continue
+            if errorStop:
+                try:
+                    loc, exprtokens = e._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+                except ParseSyntaxException:
+                    raise
+                except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                    pe.__traceback__ = None
+                    raise ParseSyntaxException._from_exception(pe)
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseSyntaxException(
+                        instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self
+                    )
+            else:
+                loc, exprtokens = e._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+            resultlist += exprtokens
+        return loc, resultlist
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # And([self, other])
+
+    def _checkRecursion(self, parseElementList):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [self]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e._checkRecursion(subRecCheckList)
+            if not e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                break
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        inner = " ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs)
+        # strip off redundant inner {}'s
+        while len(inner) > 1 and inner[0 :: len(inner) - 1] == "{}":
+            inner = inner[1:-1]
+        return "{" + inner + "}"
+
+
+class Or(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires that at least one :class:`ParseExpression` is found. If
+    two expressions match, the expression that matches the longest
+    string will be used. May be constructed using the ``'^'``
+    operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # construct Or using '^' operator
+
+        number = Word(nums) ^ Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(number.search_string("123 3.1416 789"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['123'], ['3.1416'], ['789']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(e.skipWhitespace for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.saveAsList = any(e.saveAsList for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(
+                e.skipWhitespace and not isinstance(e, White) for e in self.exprs
+            )
+        else:
+            self.saveAsList = False
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+        matches = []
+        fatals = []
+        if all(e.callPreparse for e in self.exprs):
+            loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                loc2 = e.try_parse(instring, loc, raise_fatal=True)
+            except ParseFatalException as pfe:
+                pfe.__traceback__ = None
+                pfe.parser_element = e
+                fatals.append(pfe)
+                maxException = None
+                maxExcLoc = -1
+            except ParseException as err:
+                if not fatals:
+                    err.__traceback__ = None
+                    if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                        maxException = err
+                        maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(
+                        instring, len(instring), e.errmsg, self
+                    )
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+            else:
+                # save match among all matches, to retry longest to shortest
+                matches.append((loc2, e))
+
+        if matches:
+            # re-evaluate all matches in descending order of length of match, in case attached actions
+            # might change whether or how much they match of the input.
+            matches.sort(key=itemgetter(0), reverse=True)
+
+            if not doActions:
+                # no further conditions or parse actions to change the selection of
+                # alternative, so the first match will be the best match
+                best_expr = matches[0][1]
+                return best_expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+
+            longest = -1, None
+            for loc1, expr1 in matches:
+                if loc1 <= longest[0]:
+                    # already have a longer match than this one will deliver, we are done
+                    return longest
+
+                try:
+                    loc2, toks = expr1._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+                except ParseException as err:
+                    err.__traceback__ = None
+                    if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                        maxException = err
+                        maxExcLoc = err.loc
+                else:
+                    if loc2 >= loc1:
+                        return loc2, toks
+                    # didn't match as much as before
+                    elif loc2 > longest[0]:
+                        longest = loc2, toks
+
+            if longest != (-1, None):
+                return longest
+
+        if fatals:
+            if len(fatals) > 1:
+                fatals.sort(key=lambda e: -e.loc)
+                if fatals[0].loc == fatals[1].loc:
+                    fatals.sort(key=lambda e: (-e.loc, -len(str(e.parser_element))))
+            max_fatal = fatals[0]
+            raise max_fatal
+
+        if maxException is not None:
+            # infer from this check that all alternatives failed at the current position
+            # so emit this collective error message instead of any single error message
+            if maxExcLoc == loc:
+                maxException.msg = self.errmsg
+            raise maxException
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(
+                instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self
+            )
+
+    def __ixor__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # Or([self, other])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + " ^ ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            if any(
+                isinstance(e, And)
+                and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+                not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                for e in self.exprs
+            ):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                    "will return a list of all parsed tokens in an And alternative, "
+                    "in prior versions only the first token was returned; enclose "
+                    "contained argument in Group".format(
+                        "warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation",
+                        name,
+                        type(self).__name__,
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+
+class MatchFirst(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires that at least one :class:`ParseExpression` is found. If
+    more than one expression matches, the first one listed is the one that will
+    match. May be constructed using the ``'|'`` operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # construct MatchFirst using '|' operator
+
+        # watch the order of expressions to match
+        number = Word(nums) | Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(number.search_string("123 3.1416 789")) #  Fail! -> [['123'], ['3'], ['1416'], ['789']]
+
+        # put more selective expression first
+        number = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)) | Word(nums)
+        print(number.search_string("123 3.1416 789")) #  Better -> [['123'], ['3.1416'], ['789']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(e.skipWhitespace for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.streamlined:
+            return self
+
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.saveAsList = any(e.saveAsList for e in self.exprs)
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(
+                e.skipWhitespace and not isinstance(e, White) for e in self.exprs
+            )
+        else:
+            self.saveAsList = False
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                return e._parse(
+                    instring,
+                    loc,
+                    doActions,
+                )
+            except ParseFatalException as pfe:
+                pfe.__traceback__ = None
+                pfe.parser_element = e
+                raise
+            except ParseException as err:
+                if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = err
+                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(
+                        instring, len(instring), e.errmsg, self
+                    )
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+
+        if maxException is not None:
+            # infer from this check that all alternatives failed at the current position
+            # so emit this collective error message instead of any individual error message
+            if maxExcLoc == loc:
+                maxException.msg = self.errmsg
+            raise maxException
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(
+                instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self
+            )
+
+    def __ior__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # MatchFirst([self, other])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + " | ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            if any(
+                isinstance(e, And)
+                and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+                not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                for e in self.exprs
+            ):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                    "will return a list of all parsed tokens in an And alternative, "
+                    "in prior versions only the first token was returned; enclose "
+                    "contained argument in Group".format(
+                        "warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation",
+                        name,
+                        type(self).__name__,
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+
+class Each(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires all given :class:`ParseExpression` s to be found, but in
+    any order. Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+
+    May be constructed using the ``'&'`` operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        color = one_of("RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE PURPLE BLACK WHITE BROWN")
+        shape_type = one_of("SQUARE CIRCLE TRIANGLE STAR HEXAGON OCTAGON")
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        shape_attr = "shape:" + shape_type("shape")
+        posn_attr = "posn:" + Group(integer("x") + ',' + integer("y"))("posn")
+        color_attr = "color:" + color("color")
+        size_attr = "size:" + integer("size")
+
+        # use Each (using operator '&') to accept attributes in any order
+        # (shape and posn are required, color and size are optional)
+        shape_spec = shape_attr & posn_attr & Opt(color_attr) & Opt(size_attr)
+
+        shape_spec.run_tests('''
+            shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
+            shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
+            color:GREEN size:20 shape:TRIANGLE posn:20,40
+            '''
+            )
+
+    prints::
+
+        shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
+        ['shape:', 'SQUARE', 'color:', 'BLACK', 'posn:', ['100', ',', '120']]
+        - color: BLACK
+        - posn: ['100', ',', '120']
+          - x: 100
+          - y: 120
+        - shape: SQUARE
+
+
+        shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
+        ['shape:', 'CIRCLE', 'size:', '50', 'color:', 'BLUE', 'posn:', ['50', ',', '80']]
+        - color: BLUE
+        - posn: ['50', ',', '80']
+          - x: 50
+          - y: 80
+        - shape: CIRCLE
+        - size: 50
+
+
+        color: GREEN size: 20 shape: TRIANGLE posn: 20,40
+        ['color:', 'GREEN', 'size:', '20', 'shape:', 'TRIANGLE', 'posn:', ['20', ',', '40']]
+        - color: GREEN
+        - posn: ['20', ',', '40']
+          - x: 20
+          - y: 40
+        - shape: TRIANGLE
+        - size: 20
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = True):
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.initExprGroups = True
+        self.saveAsList = True
+
+    def __iand__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # Each([self, other])
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if self.initExprGroups:
+            self.opt1map = dict(
+                (id(e.expr), e) for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e, Opt)
+            )
+            opt1 = [e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e, Opt)]
+            opt2 = [
+                e
+                for e in self.exprs
+                if e.mayReturnEmpty and not isinstance(e, (Opt, Regex, ZeroOrMore))
+            ]
+            self.optionals = opt1 + opt2
+            self.multioptionals = [
+                e.expr.set_results_name(e.resultsName, list_all_matches=True)
+                for e in self.exprs
+                if isinstance(e, _MultipleMatch)
+            ]
+            self.multirequired = [
+                e.expr.set_results_name(e.resultsName, list_all_matches=True)
+                for e in self.exprs
+                if isinstance(e, OneOrMore)
+            ]
+            self.required = [
+                e for e in self.exprs if not isinstance(e, (Opt, ZeroOrMore, OneOrMore))
+            ]
+            self.required += self.multirequired
+            self.initExprGroups = False
+
+        tmpLoc = loc
+        tmpReqd = self.required[:]
+        tmpOpt = self.optionals[:]
+        multis = self.multioptionals[:]
+        matchOrder = []
+
+        keepMatching = True
+        failed = []
+        fatals = []
+        while keepMatching:
+            tmpExprs = tmpReqd + tmpOpt + multis
+            failed.clear()
+            fatals.clear()
+            for e in tmpExprs:
+                try:
+                    tmpLoc = e.try_parse(instring, tmpLoc, raise_fatal=True)
+                except ParseFatalException as pfe:
+                    pfe.__traceback__ = None
+                    pfe.parser_element = e
+                    fatals.append(pfe)
+                    failed.append(e)
+                except ParseException:
+                    failed.append(e)
+                else:
+                    matchOrder.append(self.opt1map.get(id(e), e))
+                    if e in tmpReqd:
+                        tmpReqd.remove(e)
+                    elif e in tmpOpt:
+                        tmpOpt.remove(e)
+            if len(failed) == len(tmpExprs):
+                keepMatching = False
+
+        # look for any ParseFatalExceptions
+        if fatals:
+            if len(fatals) > 1:
+                fatals.sort(key=lambda e: -e.loc)
+                if fatals[0].loc == fatals[1].loc:
+                    fatals.sort(key=lambda e: (-e.loc, -len(str(e.parser_element))))
+            max_fatal = fatals[0]
+            raise max_fatal
+
+        if tmpReqd:
+            missing = ", ".join([str(e) for e in tmpReqd])
+            raise ParseException(
+                instring,
+                loc,
+                f"Missing one or more required elements ({missing})",
+            )
+
+        # add any unmatched Opts, in case they have default values defined
+        matchOrder += [e for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e, Opt) and e.expr in tmpOpt]
+
+        total_results = ParseResults([])
+        for e in matchOrder:
+            loc, results = e._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+            total_results += results
+
+        return loc, total_results
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + " & ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+
+class ParseElementEnhance(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract subclass of :class:`ParserElement`, for combining and
+    post-processing parsed tokens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(savelist)
+        if isinstance(expr, str_type):
+            expr_str = typing.cast(str, expr)
+            if issubclass(self._literalStringClass, Token):
+                expr = self._literalStringClass(expr_str)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+            elif issubclass(type(self), self._literalStringClass):
+                expr = Literal(expr_str)
+            else:
+                expr = self._literalStringClass(Literal(expr_str))  # type: ignore[assignment, call-arg]
+        expr = typing.cast(ParserElement, expr)
+        self.expr = expr
+        if expr is not None:
+            self.mayIndexError = expr.mayIndexError
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = expr.mayReturnEmpty
+            self.set_whitespace_chars(
+                expr.whiteChars, copy_defaults=expr.copyDefaultWhiteChars
+            )
+            self.skipWhitespace = expr.skipWhitespace
+            self.saveAsList = expr.saveAsList
+            self.callPreparse = expr.callPreparse
+            self.ignoreExprs.extend(expr.ignoreExprs)
+
+    def recurse(self) -> List[ParserElement]:
+        return [self.expr] if self.expr is not None else []
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            try:
+                return self.expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+            except ParseBaseException as pbe:
+                pbe.msg = self.errmsg
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "No expression defined", self)
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        super().leave_whitespace(recursive)
+
+        if recursive:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr = self.expr.copy()
+                self.expr.leave_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        super().ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+
+        if recursive:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr = self.expr.copy()
+                self.expr.ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        if isinstance(other, Suppress):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super().ignore(other)
+                if self.expr is not None:
+                    self.expr.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        else:
+            super().ignore(other)
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        return self
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def _checkRecursion(self, parseElementList):
+        if self in parseElementList:
+            raise RecursiveGrammarException(parseElementList + [self])
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [self]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr._checkRecursion(subRecCheckList)
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if validateTrace is None:
+            validateTrace = []
+        tmp = validateTrace[:] + [self]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({str(self.expr)})"
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class IndentedBlock(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Expression to match one or more expressions at a given indentation level.
+    Useful for parsing text where structure is implied by indentation (like Python source code).
+    """
+
+    class _Indent(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, ref_col: int):
+            super().__init__()
+            self.errmsg = f"expected indent at column {ref_col}"
+            self.add_condition(lambda s, l, t: col(l, s) == ref_col)
+
+    class _IndentGreater(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, ref_col: int):
+            super().__init__()
+            self.errmsg = f"expected indent at column greater than {ref_col}"
+            self.add_condition(lambda s, l, t: col(l, s) > ref_col)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, expr: ParserElement, *, recursive: bool = False, grouped: bool = True
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr, savelist=True)
+        # if recursive:
+        #     raise NotImplementedError("IndentedBlock with recursive is not implemented")
+        self._recursive = recursive
+        self._grouped = grouped
+        self.parent_anchor = 1
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        # advance parse position to non-whitespace by using an Empty()
+        # this should be the column to be used for all subsequent indented lines
+        anchor_loc = Empty().preParse(instring, loc)
+
+        # see if self.expr matches at the current location - if not it will raise an exception
+        # and no further work is necessary
+        self.expr.try_parse(instring, anchor_loc, do_actions=doActions)
+
+        indent_col = col(anchor_loc, instring)
+        peer_detect_expr = self._Indent(indent_col)
+
+        inner_expr = Empty() + peer_detect_expr + self.expr
+        if self._recursive:
+            sub_indent = self._IndentGreater(indent_col)
+            nested_block = IndentedBlock(
+                self.expr, recursive=self._recursive, grouped=self._grouped
+            )
+            nested_block.set_debug(self.debug)
+            nested_block.parent_anchor = indent_col
+            inner_expr += Opt(sub_indent + nested_block)
+
+        inner_expr.set_name(f"inner {hex(id(inner_expr))[-4:].upper()}@{indent_col}")
+        block = OneOrMore(inner_expr)
+
+        trailing_undent = self._Indent(self.parent_anchor) | StringEnd()
+
+        if self._grouped:
+            wrapper = Group
+        else:
+            wrapper = lambda expr: expr
+        return (wrapper(block) + Optional(trailing_undent)).parseImpl(
+            instring, anchor_loc, doActions
+        )
+
+
+class AtStringStart(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Matches if expression matches at the beginning of the parse
+    string::
+
+        AtStringStart(Word(nums)).parse_string("123")
+        # prints ["123"]
+
+        AtStringStart(Word(nums)).parse_string("    123")
+        # raises ParseException
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc != 0:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "not found at string start")
+        return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+
+
+class AtLineStart(ParseElementEnhance):
+    r"""Matches if an expression matches at the beginning of a line within
+    the parse string
+
+    Example::
+
+        test = '''\
+        AAA this line
+        AAA and this line
+          AAA but not this one
+        B AAA and definitely not this one
+        '''
+
+        for t in (AtLineStart('AAA') + rest_of_line).search_string(test):
+            print(t)
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['AAA', ' this line']
+        ['AAA', ' and this line']
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if col(loc, instring) != 1:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "not found at line start")
+        return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+
+
+class FollowedBy(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Lookahead matching of the given parse expression.
+    ``FollowedBy`` does *not* advance the parsing position within
+    the input string, it only verifies that the specified parse
+    expression matches at the current position.  ``FollowedBy``
+    always returns a null token list. If any results names are defined
+    in the lookahead expression, those *will* be returned for access by
+    name.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # use FollowedBy to match a label only if it is followed by a ':'
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+
+        attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string("shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: upper left").pprint()
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['color', 'BLACK'], ['posn', 'upper left']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        # by using self._expr.parse and deleting the contents of the returned ParseResults list
+        # we keep any named results that were defined in the FollowedBy expression
+        _, ret = self.expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions=doActions)
+        del ret[:]
+
+        return loc, ret
+
+
+class PrecededBy(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Lookbehind matching of the given parse expression.
+    ``PrecededBy`` does not advance the parsing position within the
+    input string, it only verifies that the specified parse expression
+    matches prior to the current position.  ``PrecededBy`` always
+    returns a null token list, but if a results name is defined on the
+    given expression, it is returned.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match prior to the current parse
+      location
+    - ``retreat`` - (default= ``None``) - (int) maximum number of characters
+      to lookbehind prior to the current parse location
+
+    If the lookbehind expression is a string, :class:`Literal`,
+    :class:`Keyword`, or a :class:`Word` or :class:`CharsNotIn`
+    with a specified exact or maximum length, then the retreat
+    parameter is not required. Otherwise, retreat must be specified to
+    give a maximum number of characters to look back from
+    the current parse position for a lookbehind match.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # VB-style variable names with type prefixes
+        int_var = PrecededBy("#") + pyparsing_common.identifier
+        str_var = PrecededBy("$") + pyparsing_common.identifier
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], retreat: typing.Optional[int] = None
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.expr = self.expr().leave_whitespace()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.exact = False
+        if isinstance(expr, str_type):
+            expr = typing.cast(str, expr)
+            retreat = len(expr)
+            self.exact = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, (Literal, Keyword)):
+            retreat = expr.matchLen
+            self.exact = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, (Word, CharsNotIn)) and expr.maxLen != _MAX_INT:
+            retreat = expr.maxLen
+            self.exact = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, PositionToken):
+            retreat = 0
+            self.exact = True
+        self.retreat = retreat
+        self.errmsg = "not preceded by " + str(expr)
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.parseAction.append(lambda s, l, t: t.__delitem__(slice(None, None)))
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc=0, doActions=True):
+        if self.exact:
+            if loc < self.retreat:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg)
+            start = loc - self.retreat
+            _, ret = self.expr._parse(instring, start)
+        else:
+            # retreat specified a maximum lookbehind window, iterate
+            test_expr = self.expr + StringEnd()
+            instring_slice = instring[max(0, loc - self.retreat) : loc]
+            last_expr = ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg)
+            for offset in range(1, min(loc, self.retreat + 1) + 1):
+                try:
+                    # print('trying', offset, instring_slice, repr(instring_slice[loc - offset:]))
+                    _, ret = test_expr._parse(
+                        instring_slice, len(instring_slice) - offset
+                    )
+                except ParseBaseException as pbe:
+                    last_expr = pbe
+                else:
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise last_expr
+        return loc, ret
+
+
+class Located(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Decorates a returned token with its starting and ending
+    locations in the input string.
+
+    This helper adds the following results names:
+
+    - ``locn_start`` - location where matched expression begins
+    - ``locn_end`` - location where matched expression ends
+    - ``value`` - the actual parsed results
+
+    Be careful if the input text contains ``<TAB>`` characters, you
+    may want to call :class:`ParserElement.parse_with_tabs`
+
+    Example::
+
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        for match in Located(wd).search_string("ljsdf123lksdjjf123lkkjj1222"):
+            print(match)
+
+    prints::
+
+        [0, ['ljsdf'], 5]
+        [8, ['lksdjjf'], 15]
+        [18, ['lkkjj'], 23]
+
+    """
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        start = loc
+        loc, tokens = self.expr._parse(instring, start, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+        ret_tokens = ParseResults([start, tokens, loc])
+        ret_tokens["locn_start"] = start
+        ret_tokens["value"] = tokens
+        ret_tokens["locn_end"] = loc
+        if self.resultsName:
+            # must return as a list, so that the name will be attached to the complete group
+            return loc, [ret_tokens]
+        else:
+            return loc, ret_tokens
+
+
+class NotAny(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Lookahead to disallow matching with the given parse expression.
+    ``NotAny`` does *not* advance the parsing position within the
+    input string, it only verifies that the specified parse expression
+    does *not* match at the current position.  Also, ``NotAny`` does
+    *not* skip over leading whitespace. ``NotAny`` always returns
+    a null token list.  May be constructed using the ``'~'`` operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        AND, OR, NOT = map(CaselessKeyword, "AND OR NOT".split())
+
+        # take care not to mistake keywords for identifiers
+        ident = ~(AND | OR | NOT) + Word(alphas)
+        boolean_term = Opt(NOT) + ident
+
+        # very crude boolean expression - to support parenthesis groups and
+        # operation hierarchy, use infix_notation
+        boolean_expr = boolean_term + ((AND | OR) + boolean_term)[...]
+
+        # integers that are followed by "." are actually floats
+        integer = Word(nums) + ~Char(".")
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        # do NOT use self.leave_whitespace(), don't want to propagate to exprs
+        # self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Found unwanted token, " + str(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if self.expr.can_parse_next(instring, loc, do_actions=doActions):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "~{" + str(self.expr) + "}"
+
+
+class _MultipleMatch(ParseElementEnhance):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+        stop_on: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        *,
+        stopOn: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        stopOn = stopOn or stop_on
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        ender = stopOn
+        if isinstance(ender, str_type):
+            ender = self._literalStringClass(ender)
+        self.stopOn(ender)
+
+    def stopOn(self, ender) -> ParserElement:
+        if isinstance(ender, str_type):
+            ender = self._literalStringClass(ender)
+        self.not_ender = ~ender if ender is not None else None
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        self_expr_parse = self.expr._parse
+        self_skip_ignorables = self._skipIgnorables
+        check_ender = self.not_ender is not None
+        if check_ender:
+            try_not_ender = self.not_ender.try_parse
+
+        # must be at least one (but first see if we are the stopOn sentinel;
+        # if so, fail)
+        if check_ender:
+            try_not_ender(instring, loc)
+        loc, tokens = self_expr_parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+        try:
+            hasIgnoreExprs = not not self.ignoreExprs
+            while 1:
+                if check_ender:
+                    try_not_ender(instring, loc)
+                if hasIgnoreExprs:
+                    preloc = self_skip_ignorables(instring, loc)
+                else:
+                    preloc = loc
+                loc, tmptokens = self_expr_parse(instring, preloc, doActions)
+                tokens += tmptokens
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            pass
+
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            for e in [self.expr] + self.expr.recurse():
+                if (
+                    isinstance(e, ParserElement)
+                    and e.resultsName
+                    and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+                    not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                ):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                        "collides with {!r} on contained expression".format(
+                            "warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection",
+                            name,
+                            type(self).__name__,
+                            e.resultsName,
+                        ),
+                        stacklevel=3,
+                    )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+
+class OneOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
+    """
+    Repetition of one or more of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match one or more times
+    - ``stop_on`` - (default= ``None``) - expression for a terminating sentinel
+      (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition
+      expression)
+
+    Example::
+
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: BLACK"
+        attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string(text).pprint()  # Fail! read 'color' as data instead of next label -> [['shape', 'SQUARE color']]
+
+        # use stop_on attribute for OneOrMore to avoid reading label string as part of the data
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parse_string(text).pprint() # Better -> [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'BLACK']]
+
+        # could also be written as
+        (attr_expr * (1,)).parse_string(text).pprint()
+    """
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + str(self.expr) + "}..."
+
+
+class ZeroOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
+    """
+    Optional repetition of zero or more of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match zero or more times
+    - ``stop_on`` - expression for a terminating sentinel
+      (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition
+      expression) - (default= ``None``)
+
+    Example: similar to :class:`OneOrMore`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+        stop_on: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        *,
+        stopOn: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr, stopOn=stopOn or stop_on)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        try:
+            return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            return loc, ParseResults([], name=self.resultsName)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "[" + str(self.expr) + "]..."
+
+
+class DelimitedList(ParseElementEnhance):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+        delim: Union[str, ParserElement] = ",",
+        combine: bool = False,
+        min: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        max: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        allow_trailing_delim: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Helper to define a delimited list of expressions - the delimiter
+        defaults to ','. By default, the list elements and delimiters can
+        have intervening whitespace, and comments, but this can be
+        overridden by passing ``combine=True`` in the constructor. If
+        ``combine`` is set to ``True``, the matching tokens are
+        returned as a single token string, with the delimiters included;
+        otherwise, the matching tokens are returned as a list of tokens,
+        with the delimiters suppressed.
+
+        If ``allow_trailing_delim`` is set to True, then the list may end with
+        a delimiter.
+
+        Example::
+
+            DelimitedList(Word(alphas)).parse_string("aa,bb,cc") # -> ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
+            DelimitedList(Word(hexnums), delim=':', combine=True).parse_string("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE") # -> ['AA:BB:CC:DD:EE']
+        """
+        if isinstance(expr, str_type):
+            expr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(expr)
+        expr = typing.cast(ParserElement, expr)
+
+        if min is not None:
+            if min < 1:
+                raise ValueError("min must be greater than 0")
+        if max is not None:
+            if min is not None and max < min:
+                raise ValueError("max must be greater than, or equal to min")
+
+        self.content = expr
+        self.raw_delim = str(delim)
+        self.delim = delim
+        self.combine = combine
+        if not combine:
+            self.delim = Suppress(delim)
+        self.min = min or 1
+        self.max = max
+        self.allow_trailing_delim = allow_trailing_delim
+
+        delim_list_expr = self.content + (self.delim + self.content) * (
+            self.min - 1,
+            None if self.max is None else self.max - 1,
+        )
+        if self.allow_trailing_delim:
+            delim_list_expr += Opt(self.delim)
+
+        if self.combine:
+            delim_list_expr = Combine(delim_list_expr)
+
+        super().__init__(delim_list_expr, savelist=True)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{0} [{1} {0}]...".format(self.content.streamline(), self.raw_delim)
+
+
+class _NullToken:
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ""
+
+
+class Opt(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Optional matching of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match zero or more times
+    - ``default`` (optional) - value to be returned if the optional expression is not found.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # US postal code can be a 5-digit zip, plus optional 4-digit qualifier
+        zip = Combine(Word(nums, exact=5) + Opt('-' + Word(nums, exact=4)))
+        zip.run_tests('''
+            # traditional ZIP code
+            12345
+
+            # ZIP+4 form
+            12101-0001
+
+            # invalid ZIP
+            98765-
+            ''')
+
+    prints::
+
+        # traditional ZIP code
+        12345
+        ['12345']
+
+        # ZIP+4 form
+        12101-0001
+        ['12101-0001']
+
+        # invalid ZIP
+        98765-
+             ^
+        FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 5), (line:1, col:6)
+    """
+
+    __optionalNotMatched = _NullToken()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], default: Any = __optionalNotMatched
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr, savelist=False)
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.defaultValue = default
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        self_expr = self.expr
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self_expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            default_value = self.defaultValue
+            if default_value is not self.__optionalNotMatched:
+                if self_expr.resultsName:
+                    tokens = ParseResults([default_value])
+                    tokens[self_expr.resultsName] = default_value
+                else:
+                    tokens = [default_value]
+            else:
+                tokens = []
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        inner = str(self.expr)
+        # strip off redundant inner {}'s
+        while len(inner) > 1 and inner[0 :: len(inner) - 1] == "{}":
+            inner = inner[1:-1]
+        return "[" + inner + "]"
+
+
+Optional = Opt
+
+
+class SkipTo(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Token for skipping over all undefined text until the matched
+    expression is found.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - target expression marking the end of the data to be skipped
+    - ``include`` - if ``True``, the target expression is also parsed
+      (the skipped text and target expression are returned as a 2-element
+      list) (default= ``False``).
+    - ``ignore`` - (default= ``None``) used to define grammars (typically quoted strings and
+      comments) that might contain false matches to the target expression
+    - ``fail_on`` - (default= ``None``) define expressions that are not allowed to be
+      included in the skipped test; if found before the target expression is found,
+      the :class:`SkipTo` is not a match
+
+    Example::
+
+        report = '''
+            Outstanding Issues Report - 1 Jan 2000
+
+               # | Severity | Description                               |  Days Open
+            -----+----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------
+             101 | Critical | Intermittent system crash                 |          6
+              94 | Cosmetic | Spelling error on Login ('log|n')         |         14
+              79 | Minor    | System slow when running too many reports |         47
+            '''
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        SEP = Suppress('|')
+        # use SkipTo to simply match everything up until the next SEP
+        # - ignore quoted strings, so that a '|' character inside a quoted string does not match
+        # - parse action will call token.strip() for each matched token, i.e., the description body
+        string_data = SkipTo(SEP, ignore=quoted_string)
+        string_data.set_parse_action(token_map(str.strip))
+        ticket_expr = (integer("issue_num") + SEP
+                      + string_data("sev") + SEP
+                      + string_data("desc") + SEP
+                      + integer("days_open"))
+
+        for tkt in ticket_expr.search_string(report):
+            print tkt.dump()
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['101', 'Critical', 'Intermittent system crash', '6']
+        - days_open: '6'
+        - desc: 'Intermittent system crash'
+        - issue_num: '101'
+        - sev: 'Critical'
+        ['94', 'Cosmetic', "Spelling error on Login ('log|n')", '14']
+        - days_open: '14'
+        - desc: "Spelling error on Login ('log|n')"
+        - issue_num: '94'
+        - sev: 'Cosmetic'
+        ['79', 'Minor', 'System slow when running too many reports', '47']
+        - days_open: '47'
+        - desc: 'System slow when running too many reports'
+        - issue_num: '79'
+        - sev: 'Minor'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        other: Union[ParserElement, str],
+        include: bool = False,
+        ignore: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        fail_on: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        *,
+        failOn: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(other)
+        failOn = failOn or fail_on
+        if ignore is not None:
+            self.ignore(ignore)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.includeMatch = include
+        self.saveAsList = False
+        if isinstance(failOn, str_type):
+            self.failOn = self._literalStringClass(failOn)
+        else:
+            self.failOn = failOn
+        self.errmsg = "No match found for " + str(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        startloc = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        self_expr_parse = self.expr._parse
+        self_failOn_canParseNext = (
+            self.failOn.canParseNext if self.failOn is not None else None
+        )
+        self_preParse = self.preParse if self.callPreparse else None
+
+        tmploc = loc
+        while tmploc <= instrlen:
+            if self_failOn_canParseNext is not None:
+                # break if failOn expression matches
+                if self_failOn_canParseNext(instring, tmploc):
+                    break
+
+            if self_preParse is not None:
+                # skip grammar-ignored expressions
+                tmploc = self_preParse(instring, tmploc)
+
+            try:
+                self_expr_parse(instring, tmploc, doActions=False, callPreParse=False)
+            except (ParseException, IndexError):
+                # no match, advance loc in string
+                tmploc += 1
+            else:
+                # matched skipto expr, done
+                break
+
+        else:
+            # ran off the end of the input string without matching skipto expr, fail
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        # build up return values
+        loc = tmploc
+        skiptext = instring[startloc:loc]
+        skipresult = ParseResults(skiptext)
+
+        if self.includeMatch:
+            loc, mat = self_expr_parse(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+            skipresult += mat
+
+        return loc, skipresult
+
+
+class Forward(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Forward declaration of an expression to be defined later -
+    used for recursive grammars, such as algebraic infix notation.
+    When the expression is known, it is assigned to the ``Forward``
+    variable using the ``'<<'`` operator.
+
+    Note: take care when assigning to ``Forward`` not to overlook
+    precedence of operators.
+
+    Specifically, ``'|'`` has a lower precedence than ``'<<'``, so that::
+
+        fwd_expr << a | b | c
+
+    will actually be evaluated as::
+
+        (fwd_expr << a) | b | c
+
+    thereby leaving b and c out as parseable alternatives.  It is recommended that you
+    explicitly group the values inserted into the ``Forward``::
+
+        fwd_expr << (a | b | c)
+
+    Converting to use the ``'<<='`` operator instead will avoid this problem.
+
+    See :class:`ParseResults.pprint` for an example of a recursive
+    parser created using ``Forward``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, other: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None):
+        self.caller_frame = traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0]
+        super().__init__(other, savelist=False)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self.lshift_line = None
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other) -> "Forward":
+        if hasattr(self, "caller_frame"):
+            del self.caller_frame
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        self.expr = other
+        self.streamlined = other.streamlined
+        self.mayIndexError = self.expr.mayIndexError
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.expr.mayReturnEmpty
+        self.set_whitespace_chars(
+            self.expr.whiteChars, copy_defaults=self.expr.copyDefaultWhiteChars
+        )
+        self.skipWhitespace = self.expr.skipWhitespace
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.ignoreExprs.extend(self.expr.ignoreExprs)
+        self.lshift_line = traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[-2]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        return self
+
+    def __ilshift__(self, other) -> "Forward":
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self << other
+
+    def __or__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        caller_line = traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[-2]
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator
+            and caller_line == self.lshift_line
+            and Diagnostics.warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "using '<<' operator with '|' is probably an error, use '<<='",
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        ret = super().__or__(other)
+        return ret
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        # see if we are getting dropped because of '=' reassignment of var instead of '<<=' or '<<'
+        if (
+            self.expr is None
+            and __diag__.warn_on_assignment_to_Forward
+            and Diagnostics.warn_on_assignment_to_Forward not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            warnings.warn_explicit(
+                "Forward defined here but no expression attached later using '<<=' or '<<'",
+                UserWarning,
+                filename=self.caller_frame.filename,
+                lineno=self.caller_frame.lineno,
+            )
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if (
+            self.expr is None
+            and __diag__.warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward
+            and Diagnostics.warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            # walk stack until parse_string, scan_string, search_string, or transform_string is found
+            parse_fns = (
+                "parse_string",
+                "scan_string",
+                "search_string",
+                "transform_string",
+            )
+            tb = traceback.extract_stack(limit=200)
+            for i, frm in enumerate(reversed(tb), start=1):
+                if frm.name in parse_fns:
+                    stacklevel = i + 1
+                    break
+            else:
+                stacklevel = 2
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Forward expression was never assigned a value, will not parse any input",
+                stacklevel=stacklevel,
+            )
+        if not ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled:
+            return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+        # ## Bounded Recursion algorithm ##
+        # Recursion only needs to be processed at ``Forward`` elements, since they are
+        # the only ones that can actually refer to themselves. The general idea is
+        # to handle recursion stepwise: We start at no recursion, then recurse once,
+        # recurse twice, ..., until more recursion offers no benefit (we hit the bound).
+        #
+        # The "trick" here is that each ``Forward`` gets evaluated in two contexts
+        # - to *match* a specific recursion level, and
+        # - to *search* the bounded recursion level
+        # and the two run concurrently. The *search* must *match* each recursion level
+        # to find the best possible match. This is handled by a memo table, which
+        # provides the previous match to the next level match attempt.
+        #
+        # See also "Left Recursion in Parsing Expression Grammars", Medeiros et al.
+        #
+        # There is a complication since we not only *parse* but also *transform* via
+        # actions: We do not want to run the actions too often while expanding. Thus,
+        # we expand using `doActions=False` and only run `doActions=True` if the next
+        # recursion level is acceptable.
+        with ParserElement.recursion_lock:
+            memo = ParserElement.recursion_memos
+            try:
+                # we are parsing at a specific recursion expansion - use it as-is
+                prev_loc, prev_result = memo[loc, self, doActions]
+                if isinstance(prev_result, Exception):
+                    raise prev_result
+                return prev_loc, prev_result.copy()
+            except KeyError:
+                act_key = (loc, self, True)
+                peek_key = (loc, self, False)
+                # we are searching for the best recursion expansion - keep on improving
+                # both `doActions` cases must be tracked separately here!
+                prev_loc, prev_peek = memo[peek_key] = (
+                    loc - 1,
+                    ParseException(
+                        instring, loc, "Forward recursion without base case", self
+                    ),
+                )
+                if doActions:
+                    memo[act_key] = memo[peek_key]
+                while True:
+                    try:
+                        new_loc, new_peek = super().parseImpl(instring, loc, False)
+                    except ParseException:
+                        # we failed before getting any match – do not hide the error
+                        if isinstance(prev_peek, Exception):
+                            raise
+                        new_loc, new_peek = prev_loc, prev_peek
+                    # the match did not get better: we are done
+                    if new_loc <= prev_loc:
+                        if doActions:
+                            # replace the match for doActions=False as well,
+                            # in case the action did backtrack
+                            prev_loc, prev_result = memo[peek_key] = memo[act_key]
+                            del memo[peek_key], memo[act_key]
+                            return prev_loc, prev_result.copy()
+                        del memo[peek_key]
+                        return prev_loc, prev_peek.copy()
+                    # the match did get better: see if we can improve further
+                    else:
+                        if doActions:
+                            try:
+                                memo[act_key] = super().parseImpl(instring, loc, True)
+                            except ParseException as e:
+                                memo[peek_key] = memo[act_key] = (new_loc, e)
+                                raise
+                        prev_loc, prev_peek = memo[peek_key] = new_loc, new_peek
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        return self
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamlined = True
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if validateTrace is None:
+            validateTrace = []
+
+        if self not in validateTrace:
+            tmp = validateTrace[:] + [self]
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        # Avoid infinite recursion by setting a temporary _defaultName
+        self._defaultName = ": ..."
+
+        # Use the string representation of main expression.
+        retString = "..."
+        try:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                retString = str(self.expr)[:1000]
+            else:
+                retString = "None"
+        finally:
+            return self.__class__.__name__ + ": " + retString
+
+    def copy(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            return super().copy()
+        else:
+            ret = Forward()
+            ret <<= self
+            return ret
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, list_all_matches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward
+            and Diagnostics.warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            if self.expr is None:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                    "that has no contained expression".format(
+                        "warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward", name, type(self).__name__
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, list_all_matches)
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class TokenConverter(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Abstract subclass of :class:`ParseExpression`, for converting parsed results.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], savelist=False):
+        super().__init__(expr)  # , savelist)
+        self.saveAsList = False
+
+
+class Combine(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to concatenate all matching tokens to a single string.
+    By default, the matching patterns must also be contiguous in the
+    input string; this can be disabled by specifying
+    ``'adjacent=False'`` in the constructor.
+
+    Example::
+
+        real = Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)
+        print(real.parse_string('3.1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
+        # will also erroneously match the following
+        print(real.parse_string('3. 1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
+
+        real = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(real.parse_string('3.1416')) # -> ['3.1416']
+        # no match when there are internal spaces
+        print(real.parse_string('3. 1416')) # -> Exception: Expected W:(0123...)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: ParserElement,
+        join_string: str = "",
+        adjacent: bool = True,
+        *,
+        joinString: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        joinString = joinString if joinString is not None else join_string
+        # suppress whitespace-stripping in contained parse expressions, but re-enable it on the Combine itself
+        if adjacent:
+            self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.adjacent = adjacent
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.joinString = joinString
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.adjacent:
+            ParserElement.ignore(self, other)
+        else:
+            super().ignore(other)
+        return self
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        retToks = tokenlist.copy()
+        del retToks[:]
+        retToks += ParseResults(
+            ["".join(tokenlist._asStringList(self.joinString))], modal=self.modalResults
+        )
+
+        if self.resultsName and retToks.haskeys():
+            return [retToks]
+        else:
+            return retToks
+
+
+class Group(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to return the matched tokens as a list - useful for
+    returning tokens of :class:`ZeroOrMore` and :class:`OneOrMore` expressions.
+
+    The optional ``aslist`` argument when set to True will return the
+    parsed tokens as a Python list instead of a pyparsing ParseResults.
+
+    Example::
+
+        ident = Word(alphas)
+        num = Word(nums)
+        term = ident | num
+        func = ident + Opt(DelimitedList(term))
+        print(func.parse_string("fn a, b, 100"))
+        # -> ['fn', 'a', 'b', '100']
+
+        func = ident + Group(Opt(DelimitedList(term)))
+        print(func.parse_string("fn a, b, 100"))
+        # -> ['fn', ['a', 'b', '100']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: ParserElement, aslist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        self._asPythonList = aslist
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        if self._asPythonList:
+            return ParseResults.List(
+                tokenlist.asList()
+                if isinstance(tokenlist, ParseResults)
+                else list(tokenlist)
+            )
+        else:
+            return [tokenlist]
+
+
+class Dict(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to return a repetitive expression as a list, but also
+    as a dictionary. Each element can also be referenced using the first
+    token in the expression as its key. Useful for tabular report
+    scraping when the first column can be used as a item key.
+
+    The optional ``asdict`` argument when set to True will return the
+    parsed tokens as a Python dict instead of a pyparsing ParseResults.
+
+    Example::
+
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
+        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+
+        # print attributes as plain groups
+        print(attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string(text).dump())
+
+        # instead of OneOrMore(expr), parse using Dict(Group(expr)[1, ...]) - Dict will auto-assign names
+        result = Dict(Group(attr_expr)[1, ...]).parse_string(text)
+        print(result.dump())
+
+        # access named fields as dict entries, or output as dict
+        print(result['shape'])
+        print(result.as_dict())
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['shape', 'SQUARE', 'posn', 'upper left', 'color', 'light blue', 'texture', 'burlap']
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
+        - color: 'light blue'
+        - posn: 'upper left'
+        - shape: 'SQUARE'
+        - texture: 'burlap'
+        SQUARE
+        {'color': 'light blue', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap', 'shape': 'SQUARE'}
+
+    See more examples at :class:`ParseResults` of accessing fields by results name.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: ParserElement, asdict: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        self._asPythonDict = asdict
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        for i, tok in enumerate(tokenlist):
+            if len(tok) == 0:
+                continue
+
+            ikey = tok[0]
+            if isinstance(ikey, int):
+                ikey = str(ikey).strip()
+
+            if len(tok) == 1:
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset("", i)
+
+            elif len(tok) == 2 and not isinstance(tok[1], ParseResults):
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(tok[1], i)
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    dictvalue = tok.copy()  # ParseResults(i)
+                except Exception:
+                    exc = TypeError(
+                        "could not extract dict values from parsed results"
+                        " - Dict expression must contain Grouped expressions"
+                    )
+                    raise exc from None
+
+                del dictvalue[0]
+
+                if len(dictvalue) != 1 or (
+                    isinstance(dictvalue, ParseResults) and dictvalue.haskeys()
+                ):
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue, i)
+                else:
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue[0], i)
+
+        if self._asPythonDict:
+            return [tokenlist.as_dict()] if self.resultsName else tokenlist.as_dict()
+        else:
+            return [tokenlist] if self.resultsName else tokenlist
+
+
+class Suppress(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter for ignoring the results of a parsed expression.
+
+    Example::
+
+        source = "a, b, c,d"
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        wd_list1 = wd + (',' + wd)[...]
+        print(wd_list1.parse_string(source))
+
+        # often, delimiters that are useful during parsing are just in the
+        # way afterward - use Suppress to keep them out of the parsed output
+        wd_list2 = wd + (Suppress(',') + wd)[...]
+        print(wd_list2.parse_string(source))
+
+        # Skipped text (using '...') can be suppressed as well
+        source = "lead in START relevant text END trailing text"
+        start_marker = Keyword("START")
+        end_marker = Keyword("END")
+        find_body = Suppress(...) + start_marker + ... + end_marker
+        print(find_body.parse_string(source)
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['a', ',', 'b', ',', 'c', ',', 'd']
+        ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+        ['START', 'relevant text ', 'END']
+
+    (See also :class:`DelimitedList`.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], savelist: bool = False):
+        if expr is ...:
+            expr = _PendingSkip(NoMatch())
+        super().__init__(expr)
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        if isinstance(self.expr, _PendingSkip):
+            return Suppress(SkipTo(other)) + other
+        else:
+            return super().__add__(other)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        if isinstance(self.expr, _PendingSkip):
+            return Suppress(SkipTo(other)) - other
+        else:
+            return super().__sub__(other)
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        return []
+
+    def suppress(self) -> ParserElement:
+        return self
+
+
+def trace_parse_action(f: ParseAction) -> ParseAction:
+    """Decorator for debugging parse actions.
+
+    When the parse action is called, this decorator will print
+    ``">> entering method-name(line:<current_source_line>, <parse_location>, <matched_tokens>)"``.
+    When the parse action completes, the decorator will print
+    ``"<<"`` followed by the returned value, or any exception that the parse action raised.
+
+    Example::
+
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+
+        @trace_parse_action
+        def remove_duplicate_chars(tokens):
+            return ''.join(sorted(set(''.join(tokens))))
+
+        wds = wd[1, ...].set_parse_action(remove_duplicate_chars)
+        print(wds.parse_string("slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        >>entering remove_duplicate_chars(line: 'slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf', 0, (['slkdjs', 'sld', 'sldd', 'sdlf', 'sdljf'], {}))
+        <<leaving remove_duplicate_chars (ret: 'dfjkls')
+        ['dfjkls']
+    """
+    f = _trim_arity(f)
+
+    def z(*paArgs):
+        thisFunc = f.__name__
+        s, l, t = paArgs[-3:]
+        if len(paArgs) > 3:
+            thisFunc = paArgs[0].__class__.__name__ + "." + thisFunc
+        sys.stderr.write(f">>entering {thisFunc}(line: {line(l, s)!r}, {l}, {t!r})\n")
+        try:
+            ret = f(*paArgs)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sys.stderr.write(f"<<leaving {thisFunc} (exception: {exc})\n")
+            raise
+        sys.stderr.write(f"<<leaving {thisFunc} (ret: {ret!r})\n")
+        return ret
+
+    z.__name__ = f.__name__
+    return z
+
+
+# convenience constants for positional expressions
+empty = Empty().set_name("empty")
+line_start = LineStart().set_name("line_start")
+line_end = LineEnd().set_name("line_end")
+string_start = StringStart().set_name("string_start")
+string_end = StringEnd().set_name("string_end")
+
+_escapedPunc = Regex(r"\\[\\[\]\/\-\*\.\$\+\^\?()~ ]").set_parse_action(
+    lambda s, l, t: t[0][1]
+)
+_escapedHexChar = Regex(r"\\0?[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+").set_parse_action(
+    lambda s, l, t: chr(int(t[0].lstrip(r"\0x"), 16))
+)
+_escapedOctChar = Regex(r"\\0[0-7]+").set_parse_action(
+    lambda s, l, t: chr(int(t[0][1:], 8))
+)
+_singleChar = (
+    _escapedPunc | _escapedHexChar | _escapedOctChar | CharsNotIn(r"\]", exact=1)
+)
+_charRange = Group(_singleChar + Suppress("-") + _singleChar)
+_reBracketExpr = (
+    Literal("[")
+    + Opt("^").set_results_name("negate")
+    + Group(OneOrMore(_charRange | _singleChar)).set_results_name("body")
+    + Literal("]")
+)
+
+
+def srange(s: str) -> str:
+    r"""Helper to easily define string ranges for use in :class:`Word`
+    construction. Borrows syntax from regexp ``'[]'`` string range
+    definitions::
+
+        srange("[0-9]")   -> "0123456789"
+        srange("[a-z]")   -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+        srange("[a-z$_]") -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz$_"
+
+    The input string must be enclosed in []'s, and the returned string
+    is the expanded character set joined into a single string. The
+    values enclosed in the []'s may be:
+
+    - a single character
+    - an escaped character with a leading backslash (such as ``\-``
+      or ``\]``)
+    - an escaped hex character with a leading ``'\x'``
+      (``\x21``, which is a ``'!'`` character) (``\0x##``
+      is also supported for backwards compatibility)
+    - an escaped octal character with a leading ``'\0'``
+      (``\041``, which is a ``'!'`` character)
+    - a range of any of the above, separated by a dash (``'a-z'``,
+      etc.)
+    - any combination of the above (``'aeiouy'``,
+      ``'a-zA-Z0-9_$'``, etc.)
+    """
+    _expanded = (
+        lambda p: p
+        if not isinstance(p, ParseResults)
+        else "".join(chr(c) for c in range(ord(p[0]), ord(p[1]) + 1))
+    )
+    try:
+        return "".join(_expanded(part) for part in _reBracketExpr.parse_string(s).body)
+    except Exception as e:
+        return ""
+
+
+def token_map(func, *args) -> ParseAction:
+    """Helper to define a parse action by mapping a function to all
+    elements of a :class:`ParseResults` list. If any additional args are passed,
+    they are forwarded to the given function as additional arguments
+    after the token, as in
+    ``hex_integer = Word(hexnums).set_parse_action(token_map(int, 16))``,
+    which will convert the parsed data to an integer using base 16.
+
+    Example (compare the last to example in :class:`ParserElement.transform_string`::
+
+        hex_ints = Word(hexnums)[1, ...].set_parse_action(token_map(int, 16))
+        hex_ints.run_tests('''
+            00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
+            ''')
+
+        upperword = Word(alphas).set_parse_action(token_map(str.upper))
+        upperword[1, ...].run_tests('''
+            my kingdom for a horse
+            ''')
+
+        wd = Word(alphas).set_parse_action(token_map(str.title))
+        wd[1, ...].set_parse_action(' '.join).run_tests('''
+            now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
+            ''')
+
+    prints::
+
+        00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
+        [0, 17, 34, 170, 255, 10, 13, 26]
+
+        my kingdom for a horse
+        ['MY', 'KINGDOM', 'FOR', 'A', 'HORSE']
+
+        now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
+        ['Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York']
+    """
+
+    def pa(s, l, t):
+        return [func(tokn, *args) for tokn in t]
+
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", getattr(func, "__class__").__name__)
+    pa.__name__ = func_name
+
+    return pa
+
+
+def autoname_elements() -> None:
+    """
+    Utility to simplify mass-naming of parser elements, for
+    generating railroad diagram with named subdiagrams.
+    """
+    calling_frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+    if calling_frame is None:
+        return
+    calling_frame = typing.cast(types.FrameType, calling_frame)
+    for name, var in calling_frame.f_locals.items():
+        if isinstance(var, ParserElement) and not var.customName:
+            var.set_name(name)
+
+
+dbl_quoted_string = Combine(
+    Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*') + '"'
+).set_name("string enclosed in double quotes")
+
+sgl_quoted_string = Combine(
+    Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*") + "'"
+).set_name("string enclosed in single quotes")
+
+quoted_string = Combine(
+    (Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*') + '"').set_name(
+        "double quoted string"
+    )
+    | (Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*") + "'").set_name(
+        "single quoted string"
+    )
+).set_name("quoted string using single or double quotes")
+
+python_quoted_string = Combine(
+    (Regex(r'"""(?:[^"\\]|""(?!")|"(?!"")|\\.)*', flags=re.MULTILINE) + '"""').set_name(
+        "multiline double quoted string"
+    )
+    ^ (
+        Regex(r"'''(?:[^'\\]|''(?!')|'(?!'')|\\.)*", flags=re.MULTILINE) + "'''"
+    ).set_name("multiline single quoted string")
+    ^ (Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:\\")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*') + '"').set_name(
+        "double quoted string"
+    )
+    ^ (Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:\\')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*") + "'").set_name(
+        "single quoted string"
+    )
+).set_name("Python quoted string")
+
+unicode_string = Combine("u" + quoted_string.copy()).set_name("unicode string literal")
+
+
+alphas8bit = srange(r"[\0xc0-\0xd6\0xd8-\0xf6\0xf8-\0xff]")
+punc8bit = srange(r"[\0xa1-\0xbf\0xd7\0xf7]")
+
+# build list of built-in expressions, for future reference if a global default value
+# gets updated
+_builtin_exprs: List[ParserElement] = [
+    v for v in vars().values() if isinstance(v, ParserElement)
+]
+
+# backward compatibility names
+# fmt: off
+sglQuotedString = sgl_quoted_string
+dblQuotedString = dbl_quoted_string
+quotedString = quoted_string
+unicodeString = unicode_string
+lineStart = line_start
+lineEnd = line_end
+stringStart = string_start
+stringEnd = string_end
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(null_debug_action)
+def nullDebugAction(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(trace_parse_action)
+def traceParseAction(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(condition_as_parse_action)
+def conditionAsParseAction(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(token_map)
+def tokenMap(): ...
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83f9018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+# mypy: ignore-errors
+import railroad
+from pip._vendor import pyparsing
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    Dict,
+    Callable,
+    Set,
+    Iterable,
+)
+from jinja2 import Template
+from io import StringIO
+import inspect
+
+
+jinja2_template_source = """\
+{% if not embed %}
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+{% endif %}
+    {% if not head %}
+        <style>
+            .railroad-heading {
+                font-family: monospace;
+            }
+        </style>
+    {% else %}
+        {{ head | safe }}
+    {% endif %}
+{% if not embed %}
+</head>
+<body>
+{% endif %}
+{{ body | safe }}
+{% for diagram in diagrams %}
+    <div class="railroad-group">
+        <h1 class="railroad-heading">{{ diagram.title }}</h1>
+        <div class="railroad-description">{{ diagram.text }}</div>
+        <div class="railroad-svg">
+            {{ diagram.svg }}
+        </div>
+    </div>
+{% endfor %}
+{% if not embed %}
+</body>
+</html>
+{% endif %}
+"""
+
+template = Template(jinja2_template_source)
+
+# Note: ideally this would be a dataclass, but we're supporting Python 3.5+ so we can't do this yet
+NamedDiagram = NamedTuple(
+    "NamedDiagram",
+    [("name", str), ("diagram", typing.Optional[railroad.DiagramItem]), ("index", int)],
+)
+"""
+A simple structure for associating a name with a railroad diagram
+"""
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class EachItem(railroad.Group):
+    """
+    Custom railroad item to compose a:
+    - Group containing a
+      - OneOrMore containing a
+        - Choice of the elements in the Each
+    with the group label indicating that all must be matched
+    """
+
+    all_label = "[ALL]"
+
+    def __init__(self, *items):
+        choice_item = railroad.Choice(len(items) - 1, *items)
+        one_or_more_item = railroad.OneOrMore(item=choice_item)
+        super().__init__(one_or_more_item, label=self.all_label)
+
+
+class AnnotatedItem(railroad.Group):
+    """
+    Simple subclass of Group that creates an annotation label
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, label: str, item):
+        super().__init__(item=item, label="[{}]".format(label) if label else label)
+
+
+class EditablePartial(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Acts like a functools.partial, but can be edited. In other words, it represents a type that hasn't yet been
+    constructed.
+    """
+
+    # We need this here because the railroad constructors actually transform the data, so can't be called until the
+    # entire tree is assembled
+
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[..., T], args: list, kwargs: dict):
+        self.func = func
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_call(cls, func: Callable[..., T], *args, **kwargs) -> "EditablePartial[T]":
+        """
+        If you call this function in the same way that you would call the constructor, it will store the arguments
+        as you expect. For example EditablePartial.from_call(Fraction, 1, 3)() == Fraction(1, 3)
+        """
+        return EditablePartial(func=func, args=list(args), kwargs=kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.kwargs["name"]
+
+    def __call__(self) -> T:
+        """
+        Evaluate the partial and return the result
+        """
+        args = self.args.copy()
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+
+        # This is a helpful hack to allow you to specify varargs parameters (e.g. *args) as keyword args (e.g.
+        # args=['list', 'of', 'things'])
+        arg_spec = inspect.getfullargspec(self.func)
+        if arg_spec.varargs in self.kwargs:
+            args += kwargs.pop(arg_spec.varargs)
+
+        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def railroad_to_html(diagrams: List[NamedDiagram], embed=False, **kwargs) -> str:
+    """
+    Given a list of NamedDiagram, produce a single HTML string that visualises those diagrams
+    :params kwargs: kwargs to be passed in to the template
+    """
+    data = []
+    for diagram in diagrams:
+        if diagram.diagram is None:
+            continue
+        io = StringIO()
+        try:
+            css = kwargs.get('css')
+            diagram.diagram.writeStandalone(io.write, css=css)
+        except AttributeError:
+            diagram.diagram.writeSvg(io.write)
+        title = diagram.name
+        if diagram.index == 0:
+            title += " (root)"
+        data.append({"title": title, "text": "", "svg": io.getvalue()})
+
+    return template.render(diagrams=data, embed=embed, **kwargs)
+
+
+def resolve_partial(partial: "EditablePartial[T]") -> T:
+    """
+    Recursively resolves a collection of Partials into whatever type they are
+    """
+    if isinstance(partial, EditablePartial):
+        partial.args = resolve_partial(partial.args)
+        partial.kwargs = resolve_partial(partial.kwargs)
+        return partial()
+    elif isinstance(partial, list):
+        return [resolve_partial(x) for x in partial]
+    elif isinstance(partial, dict):
+        return {key: resolve_partial(x) for key, x in partial.items()}
+    else:
+        return partial
+
+
+def to_railroad(
+    element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+    diagram_kwargs: typing.Optional[dict] = None,
+    vertical: int = 3,
+    show_results_names: bool = False,
+    show_groups: bool = False,
+) -> List[NamedDiagram]:
+    """
+    Convert a pyparsing element tree into a list of diagrams. This is the recommended entrypoint to diagram
+    creation if you want to access the Railroad tree before it is converted to HTML
+    :param element: base element of the parser being diagrammed
+    :param diagram_kwargs: kwargs to pass to the Diagram() constructor
+    :param vertical: (optional) - int - limit at which number of alternatives should be
+       shown vertically instead of horizontally
+    :param show_results_names - bool to indicate whether results name annotations should be
+       included in the diagram
+    :param show_groups - bool to indicate whether groups should be highlighted with an unlabeled
+       surrounding box
+    """
+    # Convert the whole tree underneath the root
+    lookup = ConverterState(diagram_kwargs=diagram_kwargs or {})
+    _to_diagram_element(
+        element,
+        lookup=lookup,
+        parent=None,
+        vertical=vertical,
+        show_results_names=show_results_names,
+        show_groups=show_groups,
+    )
+
+    root_id = id(element)
+    # Convert the root if it hasn't been already
+    if root_id in lookup:
+        if not element.customName:
+            lookup[root_id].name = ""
+        lookup[root_id].mark_for_extraction(root_id, lookup, force=True)
+
+    # Now that we're finished, we can convert from intermediate structures into Railroad elements
+    diags = list(lookup.diagrams.values())
+    if len(diags) > 1:
+        # collapse out duplicate diags with the same name
+        seen = set()
+        deduped_diags = []
+        for d in diags:
+            # don't extract SkipTo elements, they are uninformative as subdiagrams
+            if d.name == "...":
+                continue
+            if d.name is not None and d.name not in seen:
+                seen.add(d.name)
+                deduped_diags.append(d)
+        resolved = [resolve_partial(partial) for partial in deduped_diags]
+    else:
+        # special case - if just one diagram, always display it, even if
+        # it has no name
+        resolved = [resolve_partial(partial) for partial in diags]
+    return sorted(resolved, key=lambda diag: diag.index)
+
+
+def _should_vertical(
+    specification: int, exprs: Iterable[pyparsing.ParserElement]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns true if we should return a vertical list of elements
+    """
+    if specification is None:
+        return False
+    else:
+        return len(_visible_exprs(exprs)) >= specification
+
+
+class ElementState:
+    """
+    State recorded for an individual pyparsing Element
+    """
+
+    # Note: this should be a dataclass, but we have to support Python 3.5
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+        converted: EditablePartial,
+        parent: EditablePartial,
+        number: int,
+        name: str = None,
+        parent_index: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
+        #: The pyparsing element that this represents
+        self.element: pyparsing.ParserElement = element
+        #: The name of the element
+        self.name: typing.Optional[str] = name
+        #: The output Railroad element in an unconverted state
+        self.converted: EditablePartial = converted
+        #: The parent Railroad element, which we store so that we can extract this if it's duplicated
+        self.parent: EditablePartial = parent
+        #: The order in which we found this element, used for sorting diagrams if this is extracted into a diagram
+        self.number: int = number
+        #: The index of this inside its parent
+        self.parent_index: typing.Optional[int] = parent_index
+        #: If true, we should extract this out into a subdiagram
+        self.extract: bool = False
+        #: If true, all of this element's children have been filled out
+        self.complete: bool = False
+
+    def mark_for_extraction(
+        self, el_id: int, state: "ConverterState", name: str = None, force: bool = False
+    ):
+        """
+        Called when this instance has been seen twice, and thus should eventually be extracted into a sub-diagram
+        :param el_id: id of the element
+        :param state: element/diagram state tracker
+        :param name: name to use for this element's text
+        :param force: If true, force extraction now, regardless of the state of this. Only useful for extracting the
+        root element when we know we're finished
+        """
+        self.extract = True
+
+        # Set the name
+        if not self.name:
+            if name:
+                # Allow forcing a custom name
+                self.name = name
+            elif self.element.customName:
+                self.name = self.element.customName
+            else:
+                self.name = ""
+
+        # Just because this is marked for extraction doesn't mean we can do it yet. We may have to wait for children
+        # to be added
+        # Also, if this is just a string literal etc, don't bother extracting it
+        if force or (self.complete and _worth_extracting(self.element)):
+            state.extract_into_diagram(el_id)
+
+
+class ConverterState:
+    """
+    Stores some state that persists between recursions into the element tree
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, diagram_kwargs: typing.Optional[dict] = None):
+        #: A dictionary mapping ParserElements to state relating to them
+        self._element_diagram_states: Dict[int, ElementState] = {}
+        #: A dictionary mapping ParserElement IDs to subdiagrams generated from them
+        self.diagrams: Dict[int, EditablePartial[NamedDiagram]] = {}
+        #: The index of the next unnamed element
+        self.unnamed_index: int = 1
+        #: The index of the next element. This is used for sorting
+        self.index: int = 0
+        #: Shared kwargs that are used to customize the construction of diagrams
+        self.diagram_kwargs: dict = diagram_kwargs or {}
+        self.extracted_diagram_names: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: int, value: ElementState):
+        self._element_diagram_states[key] = value
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> ElementState:
+        return self._element_diagram_states[key]
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: int):
+        del self._element_diagram_states[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: int):
+        return key in self._element_diagram_states
+
+    def generate_unnamed(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Generate a number used in the name of an otherwise unnamed diagram
+        """
+        self.unnamed_index += 1
+        return self.unnamed_index
+
+    def generate_index(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Generate a number used to index a diagram
+        """
+        self.index += 1
+        return self.index
+
+    def extract_into_diagram(self, el_id: int):
+        """
+        Used when we encounter the same token twice in the same tree. When this
+        happens, we replace all instances of that token with a terminal, and
+        create a new subdiagram for the token
+        """
+        position = self[el_id]
+
+        # Replace the original definition of this element with a regular block
+        if position.parent:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.NonTerminal, text=position.name)
+            if "item" in position.parent.kwargs:
+                position.parent.kwargs["item"] = ret
+            elif "items" in position.parent.kwargs:
+                position.parent.kwargs["items"][position.parent_index] = ret
+
+        # If the element we're extracting is a group, skip to its content but keep the title
+        if position.converted.func == railroad.Group:
+            content = position.converted.kwargs["item"]
+        else:
+            content = position.converted
+
+        self.diagrams[el_id] = EditablePartial.from_call(
+            NamedDiagram,
+            name=position.name,
+            diagram=EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.Diagram, content, **self.diagram_kwargs
+            ),
+            index=position.number,
+        )
+
+        del self[el_id]
+
+
+def _worth_extracting(element: pyparsing.ParserElement) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns true if this element is worth having its own sub-diagram. Simply, if any of its children
+    themselves have children, then its complex enough to extract
+    """
+    children = element.recurse()
+    return any(child.recurse() for child in children)
+
+
+def _apply_diagram_item_enhancements(fn):
+    """
+    decorator to ensure enhancements to a diagram item (such as results name annotations)
+    get applied on return from _to_diagram_element (we do this since there are several
+    returns in _to_diagram_element)
+    """
+
+    def _inner(
+        element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+        parent: typing.Optional[EditablePartial],
+        lookup: ConverterState = None,
+        vertical: int = None,
+        index: int = 0,
+        name_hint: str = None,
+        show_results_names: bool = False,
+        show_groups: bool = False,
+    ) -> typing.Optional[EditablePartial]:
+        ret = fn(
+            element,
+            parent,
+            lookup,
+            vertical,
+            index,
+            name_hint,
+            show_results_names,
+            show_groups,
+        )
+
+        # apply annotation for results name, if present
+        if show_results_names and ret is not None:
+            element_results_name = element.resultsName
+            if element_results_name:
+                # add "*" to indicate if this is a "list all results" name
+                element_results_name += "" if element.modalResults else "*"
+                ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                    railroad.Group, item=ret, label=element_results_name
+                )
+
+        return ret
+
+    return _inner
+
+
+def _visible_exprs(exprs: Iterable[pyparsing.ParserElement]):
+    non_diagramming_exprs = (
+        pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance,
+        pyparsing.PositionToken,
+        pyparsing.And._ErrorStop,
+    )
+    return [
+        e
+        for e in exprs
+        if not (e.customName or e.resultsName or isinstance(e, non_diagramming_exprs))
+    ]
+
+
+@_apply_diagram_item_enhancements
+def _to_diagram_element(
+    element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+    parent: typing.Optional[EditablePartial],
+    lookup: ConverterState = None,
+    vertical: int = None,
+    index: int = 0,
+    name_hint: str = None,
+    show_results_names: bool = False,
+    show_groups: bool = False,
+) -> typing.Optional[EditablePartial]:
+    """
+    Recursively converts a PyParsing Element to a railroad Element
+    :param lookup: The shared converter state that keeps track of useful things
+    :param index: The index of this element within the parent
+    :param parent: The parent of this element in the output tree
+    :param vertical: Controls at what point we make a list of elements vertical. If this is an integer (the default),
+    it sets the threshold of the number of items before we go vertical. If True, always go vertical, if False, never
+    do so
+    :param name_hint: If provided, this will override the generated name
+    :param show_results_names: bool flag indicating whether to add annotations for results names
+    :returns: The converted version of the input element, but as a Partial that hasn't yet been constructed
+    :param show_groups: bool flag indicating whether to show groups using bounding box
+    """
+    exprs = element.recurse()
+    name = name_hint or element.customName or element.__class__.__name__
+
+    # Python's id() is used to provide a unique identifier for elements
+    el_id = id(element)
+
+    element_results_name = element.resultsName
+
+    # Here we basically bypass processing certain wrapper elements if they contribute nothing to the diagram
+    if not element.customName:
+        if isinstance(
+            element,
+            (
+                # pyparsing.TokenConverter,
+                # pyparsing.Forward,
+                pyparsing.Located,
+            ),
+        ):
+            # However, if this element has a useful custom name, and its child does not, we can pass it on to the child
+            if exprs:
+                if not exprs[0].customName:
+                    propagated_name = name
+                else:
+                    propagated_name = None
+
+                return _to_diagram_element(
+                    element.expr,
+                    parent=parent,
+                    lookup=lookup,
+                    vertical=vertical,
+                    index=index,
+                    name_hint=propagated_name,
+                    show_results_names=show_results_names,
+                    show_groups=show_groups,
+                )
+
+    # If the element isn't worth extracting, we always treat it as the first time we say it
+    if _worth_extracting(element):
+        if el_id in lookup:
+            # If we've seen this element exactly once before, we are only just now finding out that it's a duplicate,
+            # so we have to extract it into a new diagram.
+            looked_up = lookup[el_id]
+            looked_up.mark_for_extraction(el_id, lookup, name=name_hint)
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.NonTerminal, text=looked_up.name)
+            return ret
+
+        elif el_id in lookup.diagrams:
+            # If we have seen the element at least twice before, and have already extracted it into a subdiagram, we
+            # just put in a marker element that refers to the sub-diagram
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.NonTerminal, text=lookup.diagrams[el_id].kwargs["name"]
+            )
+            return ret
+
+    # Recursively convert child elements
+    # Here we find the most relevant Railroad element for matching pyparsing Element
+    # We use ``items=[]`` here to hold the place for where the child elements will go once created
+    if isinstance(element, pyparsing.And):
+        # detect And's created with ``expr*N`` notation - for these use a OneOrMore with a repeat
+        # (all will have the same name, and resultsName)
+        if not exprs:
+            return None
+        if len(set((e.name, e.resultsName) for e in exprs)) == 1:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.OneOrMore, item="", repeat=str(len(exprs))
+            )
+        elif _should_vertical(vertical, exprs):
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Stack, items=[])
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+    elif isinstance(element, (pyparsing.Or, pyparsing.MatchFirst)):
+        if not exprs:
+            return None
+        if _should_vertical(vertical, exprs):
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Choice, 0, items=[])
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.HorizontalChoice, items=[])
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Each):
+        if not exprs:
+            return None
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(EachItem, items=[])
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.NotAny):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="NOT", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.FollowedBy):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="LOOKAHEAD", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.PrecededBy):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="LOOKBEHIND", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Group):
+        if show_groups:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="", item="")
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Group, label="", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.TokenConverter):
+        label = type(element).__name__.lower()
+        if label == "tokenconverter":
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label=label, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Opt):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Optional, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.OneOrMore):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.OneOrMore, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.ZeroOrMore):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.ZeroOrMore, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Group):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+            railroad.Group, item=None, label=element_results_name
+        )
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Empty) and not element.customName:
+        # Skip unnamed "Empty" elements
+        ret = None
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+    elif len(exprs) > 0 and not element_results_name:
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Group, item="", label=name)
+    elif len(exprs) > 0:
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+    else:
+        terminal = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Terminal, element.defaultName)
+        ret = terminal
+
+    if ret is None:
+        return
+
+    # Indicate this element's position in the tree so we can extract it if necessary
+    lookup[el_id] = ElementState(
+        element=element,
+        converted=ret,
+        parent=parent,
+        parent_index=index,
+        number=lookup.generate_index(),
+    )
+    if element.customName:
+        lookup[el_id].mark_for_extraction(el_id, lookup, element.customName)
+
+    i = 0
+    for expr in exprs:
+        # Add a placeholder index in case we have to extract the child before we even add it to the parent
+        if "items" in ret.kwargs:
+            ret.kwargs["items"].insert(i, None)
+
+        item = _to_diagram_element(
+            expr,
+            parent=ret,
+            lookup=lookup,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            index=i,
+            show_results_names=show_results_names,
+            show_groups=show_groups,
+        )
+
+        # Some elements don't need to be shown in the diagram
+        if item is not None:
+            if "item" in ret.kwargs:
+                ret.kwargs["item"] = item
+            elif "items" in ret.kwargs:
+                # If we've already extracted the child, don't touch this index, since it's occupied by a nonterminal
+                ret.kwargs["items"][i] = item
+                i += 1
+        elif "items" in ret.kwargs:
+            # If we're supposed to skip this element, remove it from the parent
+            del ret.kwargs["items"][i]
+
+    # If all this items children are none, skip this item
+    if ret and (
+        ("items" in ret.kwargs and len(ret.kwargs["items"]) == 0)
+        or ("item" in ret.kwargs and ret.kwargs["item"] is None)
+    ):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Terminal, name)
+
+    # Mark this element as "complete", ie it has all of its children
+    if el_id in lookup:
+        lookup[el_id].complete = True
+
+    if el_id in lookup and lookup[el_id].extract and lookup[el_id].complete:
+        lookup.extract_into_diagram(el_id)
+        if ret is not None:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.NonTerminal, text=lookup.diagrams[el_id].kwargs["name"]
+            )
+
+    return ret
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc8bfb1
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12219f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# exceptions.py
+
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .util import (
+    col,
+    line,
+    lineno,
+    _collapse_string_to_ranges,
+    replaced_by_pep8,
+)
+from .unicode import pyparsing_unicode as ppu
+
+
+class ExceptionWordUnicode(ppu.Latin1, ppu.LatinA, ppu.LatinB, ppu.Greek, ppu.Cyrillic):
+    pass
+
+
+_extract_alphanums = _collapse_string_to_ranges(ExceptionWordUnicode.alphanums)
+_exception_word_extractor = re.compile("([" + _extract_alphanums + "]{1,16})|.")
+
+
+class ParseBaseException(Exception):
+    """base exception class for all parsing runtime exceptions"""
+
+    loc: int
+    msg: str
+    pstr: str
+    parser_element: typing.Any  # "ParserElement"
+    args: typing.Tuple[str, int, typing.Optional[str]]
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "loc",
+        "msg",
+        "pstr",
+        "parser_element",
+        "args",
+    )
+
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pstr: str,
+        loc: int = 0,
+        msg: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        elem=None,
+    ):
+        self.loc = loc
+        if msg is None:
+            self.msg = pstr
+            self.pstr = ""
+        else:
+            self.msg = msg
+            self.pstr = pstr
+        self.parser_element = elem
+        self.args = (pstr, loc, msg)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def explain_exception(exc, depth=16):
+        """
+        Method to take an exception and translate the Python internal traceback into a list
+        of the pyparsing expressions that caused the exception to be raised.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - exc - exception raised during parsing (need not be a ParseException, in support
+          of Python exceptions that might be raised in a parse action)
+        - depth (default=16) - number of levels back in the stack trace to list expression
+          and function names; if None, the full stack trace names will be listed; if 0, only
+          the failing input line, marker, and exception string will be shown
+
+        Returns a multi-line string listing the ParserElements and/or function names in the
+        exception's stack trace.
+        """
+        import inspect
+        from .core import ParserElement
+
+        if depth is None:
+            depth = sys.getrecursionlimit()
+        ret = []
+        if isinstance(exc, ParseBaseException):
+            ret.append(exc.line)
+            ret.append(" " * (exc.column - 1) + "^")
+        ret.append(f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+
+        if depth > 0:
+            callers = inspect.getinnerframes(exc.__traceback__, context=depth)
+            seen = set()
+            for i, ff in enumerate(callers[-depth:]):
+                frm = ff[0]
+
+                f_self = frm.f_locals.get("self", None)
+                if isinstance(f_self, ParserElement):
+                    if not frm.f_code.co_name.startswith(
+                        ("parseImpl", "_parseNoCache")
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    if id(f_self) in seen:
+                        continue
+                    seen.add(id(f_self))
+
+                    self_type = type(f_self)
+                    ret.append(
+                        f"{self_type.__module__}.{self_type.__name__} - {f_self}"
+                    )
+
+                elif f_self is not None:
+                    self_type = type(f_self)
+                    ret.append(f"{self_type.__module__}.{self_type.__name__}")
+
+                else:
+                    code = frm.f_code
+                    if code.co_name in ("wrapper", "<module>"):
+                        continue
+
+                    ret.append(code.co_name)
+
+                depth -= 1
+                if not depth:
+                    break
+
+        return "\n".join(ret)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_exception(cls, pe):
+        """
+        internal factory method to simplify creating one type of ParseException
+        from another - avoids having __init__ signature conflicts among subclasses
+        """
+        return cls(pe.pstr, pe.loc, pe.msg, pe.parser_element)
+
+    @property
+    def line(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the line of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return line(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    @property
+    def lineno(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the 1-based line number of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return lineno(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    @property
+    def col(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the 1-based column on the line of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return col(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    @property
+    def column(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the 1-based column on the line of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return col(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    # pre-PEP8 compatibility
+    @property
+    def parserElement(self):
+        return self.parser_element
+
+    @parserElement.setter
+    def parserElement(self, elem):
+        self.parser_element = elem
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.pstr:
+            if self.loc >= len(self.pstr):
+                foundstr = ", found end of text"
+            else:
+                # pull out next word at error location
+                found_match = _exception_word_extractor.match(self.pstr, self.loc)
+                if found_match is not None:
+                    found = found_match.group(0)
+                else:
+                    found = self.pstr[self.loc : self.loc + 1]
+                foundstr = (", found %r" % found).replace(r"\\", "\\")
+        else:
+            foundstr = ""
+        return f"{self.msg}{foundstr}  (at char {self.loc}), (line:{self.lineno}, col:{self.column})"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+    def mark_input_line(
+        self, marker_string: typing.Optional[str] = None, *, markerString: str = ">!<"
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Extracts the exception line from the input string, and marks
+        the location of the exception with a special symbol.
+        """
+        markerString = marker_string if marker_string is not None else markerString
+        line_str = self.line
+        line_column = self.column - 1
+        if markerString:
+            line_str = "".join(
+                (line_str[:line_column], markerString, line_str[line_column:])
+            )
+        return line_str.strip()
+
+    def explain(self, depth=16) -> str:
+        """
+        Method to translate the Python internal traceback into a list
+        of the pyparsing expressions that caused the exception to be raised.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - depth (default=16) - number of levels back in the stack trace to list expression
+          and function names; if None, the full stack trace names will be listed; if 0, only
+          the failing input line, marker, and exception string will be shown
+
+        Returns a multi-line string listing the ParserElements and/or function names in the
+        exception's stack trace.
+
+        Example::
+
+            expr = pp.Word(pp.nums) * 3
+            try:
+                expr.parse_string("123 456 A789")
+            except pp.ParseException as pe:
+                print(pe.explain(depth=0))
+
+        prints::
+
+            123 456 A789
+                    ^
+            ParseException: Expected W:(0-9), found 'A'  (at char 8), (line:1, col:9)
+
+        Note: the diagnostic output will include string representations of the expressions
+        that failed to parse. These representations will be more helpful if you use `set_name` to
+        give identifiable names to your expressions. Otherwise they will use the default string
+        forms, which may be cryptic to read.
+
+        Note: pyparsing's default truncation of exception tracebacks may also truncate the
+        stack of expressions that are displayed in the ``explain`` output. To get the full listing
+        of parser expressions, you may have to set ``ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace = True``
+        """
+        return self.explain_exception(self, depth)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(mark_input_line)
+    def markInputline(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class ParseException(ParseBaseException):
+    """
+    Exception thrown when a parse expression doesn't match the input string
+
+    Example::
+
+        try:
+            Word(nums).set_name("integer").parse_string("ABC")
+        except ParseException as pe:
+            print(pe)
+            print("column: {}".format(pe.column))
+
+    prints::
+
+       Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        column: 1
+
+    """
+
+
+class ParseFatalException(ParseBaseException):
+    """
+    User-throwable exception thrown when inconsistent parse content
+    is found; stops all parsing immediately
+    """
+
+
+class ParseSyntaxException(ParseFatalException):
+    """
+    Just like :class:`ParseFatalException`, but thrown internally
+    when an :class:`ErrorStop<And._ErrorStop>` ('-' operator) indicates
+    that parsing is to stop immediately because an unbacktrackable
+    syntax error has been found.
+    """
+
+
+class RecursiveGrammarException(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception thrown by :class:`ParserElement.validate` if the
+    grammar could be left-recursive; parser may need to enable
+    left recursion using :class:`ParserElement.enable_left_recursion<ParserElement.enable_left_recursion>`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, parseElementList):
+        self.parseElementTrace = parseElementList
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"RecursiveGrammarException: {self.parseElementTrace}"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/helpers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..018f0d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@
+# helpers.py
+import html.entities
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from . import __diag__
+from .core import *
+from .util import (
+    _bslash,
+    _flatten,
+    _escape_regex_range_chars,
+    replaced_by_pep8,
+)
+
+
+#
+# global helpers
+#
+def counted_array(
+    expr: ParserElement,
+    int_expr: typing.Optional[ParserElement] = None,
+    *,
+    intExpr: typing.Optional[ParserElement] = None,
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to define a counted list of expressions.
+
+    This helper defines a pattern of the form::
+
+        integer expr expr expr...
+
+    where the leading integer tells how many expr expressions follow.
+    The matched tokens returns the array of expr tokens as a list - the
+    leading count token is suppressed.
+
+    If ``int_expr`` is specified, it should be a pyparsing expression
+    that produces an integer value.
+
+    Example::
+
+        counted_array(Word(alphas)).parse_string('2 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
+
+        # in this parser, the leading integer value is given in binary,
+        # '10' indicating that 2 values are in the array
+        binary_constant = Word('01').set_parse_action(lambda t: int(t[0], 2))
+        counted_array(Word(alphas), int_expr=binary_constant).parse_string('10 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
+
+        # if other fields must be parsed after the count but before the
+        # list items, give the fields results names and they will
+        # be preserved in the returned ParseResults:
+        count_with_metadata = integer + Word(alphas)("type")
+        typed_array = counted_array(Word(alphanums), int_expr=count_with_metadata)("items")
+        result = typed_array.parse_string("3 bool True True False")
+        print(result.dump())
+
+        # prints
+        # ['True', 'True', 'False']
+        # - items: ['True', 'True', 'False']
+        # - type: 'bool'
+    """
+    intExpr = intExpr or int_expr
+    array_expr = Forward()
+
+    def count_field_parse_action(s, l, t):
+        nonlocal array_expr
+        n = t[0]
+        array_expr <<= (expr * n) if n else Empty()
+        # clear list contents, but keep any named results
+        del t[:]
+
+    if intExpr is None:
+        intExpr = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda t: int(t[0]))
+    else:
+        intExpr = intExpr.copy()
+    intExpr.set_name("arrayLen")
+    intExpr.add_parse_action(count_field_parse_action, call_during_try=True)
+    return (intExpr + array_expr).set_name("(len) " + str(expr) + "...")
+
+
+def match_previous_literal(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks for
+    a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+
+        first = Word(nums)
+        second = match_previous_literal(first)
+        match_expr = first + ":" + second
+
+    will match ``"1:1"``, but not ``"1:2"``.  Because this
+    matches a previous literal, will also match the leading
+    ``"1:1"`` in ``"1:10"``. If this is not desired, use
+    :class:`match_previous_expr`. Do *not* use with packrat parsing
+    enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+
+    def copy_token_to_repeater(s, l, t):
+        if t:
+            if len(t) == 1:
+                rep << t[0]
+            else:
+                # flatten t tokens
+                tflat = _flatten(t.as_list())
+                rep << And(Literal(tt) for tt in tflat)
+        else:
+            rep << Empty()
+
+    expr.add_parse_action(copy_token_to_repeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    rep.set_name("(prev) " + str(expr))
+    return rep
+
+
+def match_previous_expr(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks for
+    a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+
+        first = Word(nums)
+        second = match_previous_expr(first)
+        match_expr = first + ":" + second
+
+    will match ``"1:1"``, but not ``"1:2"``.  Because this
+    matches by expressions, will *not* match the leading ``"1:1"``
+    in ``"1:10"``; the expressions are evaluated first, and then
+    compared, so ``"1"`` is compared with ``"10"``. Do *not* use
+    with packrat parsing enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+    e2 = expr.copy()
+    rep <<= e2
+
+    def copy_token_to_repeater(s, l, t):
+        matchTokens = _flatten(t.as_list())
+
+        def must_match_these_tokens(s, l, t):
+            theseTokens = _flatten(t.as_list())
+            if theseTokens != matchTokens:
+                raise ParseException(
+                    s, l, f"Expected {matchTokens}, found{theseTokens}"
+                )
+
+        rep.set_parse_action(must_match_these_tokens, callDuringTry=True)
+
+    expr.add_parse_action(copy_token_to_repeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    rep.set_name("(prev) " + str(expr))
+    return rep
+
+
+def one_of(
+    strs: Union[typing.Iterable[str], str],
+    caseless: bool = False,
+    use_regex: bool = True,
+    as_keyword: bool = False,
+    *,
+    useRegex: bool = True,
+    asKeyword: bool = False,
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to quickly define a set of alternative :class:`Literal` s,
+    and makes sure to do longest-first testing when there is a conflict,
+    regardless of the input order, but returns
+    a :class:`MatchFirst` for best performance.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``strs`` - a string of space-delimited literals, or a collection of
+      string literals
+    - ``caseless`` - treat all literals as caseless - (default= ``False``)
+    - ``use_regex`` - as an optimization, will
+      generate a :class:`Regex` object; otherwise, will generate
+      a :class:`MatchFirst` object (if ``caseless=True`` or ``as_keyword=True``, or if
+      creating a :class:`Regex` raises an exception) - (default= ``True``)
+    - ``as_keyword`` - enforce :class:`Keyword`-style matching on the
+      generated expressions - (default= ``False``)
+    - ``asKeyword`` and ``useRegex`` are retained for pre-PEP8 compatibility,
+      but will be removed in a future release
+
+    Example::
+
+        comp_oper = one_of("< = > <= >= !=")
+        var = Word(alphas)
+        number = Word(nums)
+        term = var | number
+        comparison_expr = term + comp_oper + term
+        print(comparison_expr.search_string("B = 12  AA=23 B<=AA AA>12"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['B', '=', '12'], ['AA', '=', '23'], ['B', '<=', 'AA'], ['AA', '>', '12']]
+    """
+    asKeyword = asKeyword or as_keyword
+    useRegex = useRegex and use_regex
+
+    if (
+        isinstance(caseless, str_type)
+        and __diag__.warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof
+    ):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "More than one string argument passed to one_of, pass"
+            " choices as a list or space-delimited string",
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    if caseless:
+        isequal = lambda a, b: a.upper() == b.upper()
+        masks = lambda a, b: b.upper().startswith(a.upper())
+        parseElementClass = CaselessKeyword if asKeyword else CaselessLiteral
+    else:
+        isequal = lambda a, b: a == b
+        masks = lambda a, b: b.startswith(a)
+        parseElementClass = Keyword if asKeyword else Literal
+
+    symbols: List[str] = []
+    if isinstance(strs, str_type):
+        strs = typing.cast(str, strs)
+        symbols = strs.split()
+    elif isinstance(strs, Iterable):
+        symbols = list(strs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Invalid argument to one_of, expected string or iterable")
+    if not symbols:
+        return NoMatch()
+
+    # reorder given symbols to take care to avoid masking longer choices with shorter ones
+    # (but only if the given symbols are not just single characters)
+    if any(len(sym) > 1 for sym in symbols):
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(symbols) - 1:
+            cur = symbols[i]
+            for j, other in enumerate(symbols[i + 1 :]):
+                if isequal(other, cur):
+                    del symbols[i + j + 1]
+                    break
+                elif masks(cur, other):
+                    del symbols[i + j + 1]
+                    symbols.insert(i, other)
+                    break
+            else:
+                i += 1
+
+    if useRegex:
+        re_flags: int = re.IGNORECASE if caseless else 0
+
+        try:
+            if all(len(sym) == 1 for sym in symbols):
+                # symbols are just single characters, create range regex pattern
+                patt = f"[{''.join(_escape_regex_range_chars(sym) for sym in symbols)}]"
+            else:
+                patt = "|".join(re.escape(sym) for sym in symbols)
+
+            # wrap with \b word break markers if defining as keywords
+            if asKeyword:
+                patt = rf"\b(?:{patt})\b"
+
+            ret = Regex(patt, flags=re_flags).set_name(" | ".join(symbols))
+
+            if caseless:
+                # add parse action to return symbols as specified, not in random
+                # casing as found in input string
+                symbol_map = {sym.lower(): sym for sym in symbols}
+                ret.add_parse_action(lambda s, l, t: symbol_map[t[0].lower()])
+
+            return ret
+
+        except re.error:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Exception creating Regex for one_of, building MatchFirst", stacklevel=2
+            )
+
+    # last resort, just use MatchFirst
+    return MatchFirst(parseElementClass(sym) for sym in symbols).set_name(
+        " | ".join(symbols)
+    )
+
+
+def dict_of(key: ParserElement, value: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to easily and clearly define a dictionary by specifying
+    the respective patterns for the key and value.  Takes care of
+    defining the :class:`Dict`, :class:`ZeroOrMore`, and
+    :class:`Group` tokens in the proper order.  The key pattern
+    can include delimiting markers or punctuation, as long as they are
+    suppressed, thereby leaving the significant key text.  The value
+    pattern can include named results, so that the :class:`Dict` results
+    can include named token fields.
+
+    Example::
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
+        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+        print(attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string(text).dump())
+
+        attr_label = label
+        attr_value = Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join)
+
+        # similar to Dict, but simpler call format
+        result = dict_of(attr_label, attr_value).parse_string(text)
+        print(result.dump())
+        print(result['shape'])
+        print(result.shape)  # object attribute access works too
+        print(result.as_dict())
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
+        - color: 'light blue'
+        - posn: 'upper left'
+        - shape: 'SQUARE'
+        - texture: 'burlap'
+        SQUARE
+        SQUARE
+        {'color': 'light blue', 'shape': 'SQUARE', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap'}
+    """
+    return Dict(OneOrMore(Group(key + value)))
+
+
+def original_text_for(
+    expr: ParserElement, as_string: bool = True, *, asString: bool = True
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to return the original, untokenized text for a given
+    expression.  Useful to restore the parsed fields of an HTML start
+    tag into the raw tag text itself, or to revert separate tokens with
+    intervening whitespace back to the original matching input text. By
+    default, returns a string containing the original parsed text.
+
+    If the optional ``as_string`` argument is passed as
+    ``False``, then the return value is
+    a :class:`ParseResults` containing any results names that
+    were originally matched, and a single token containing the original
+    matched text from the input string.  So if the expression passed to
+    :class:`original_text_for` contains expressions with defined
+    results names, you must set ``as_string`` to ``False`` if you
+    want to preserve those results name values.
+
+    The ``asString`` pre-PEP8 argument is retained for compatibility,
+    but will be removed in a future release.
+
+    Example::
+
+        src = "this is test <b> bold <i>text</i> </b> normal text "
+        for tag in ("b", "i"):
+            opener, closer = make_html_tags(tag)
+            patt = original_text_for(opener + ... + closer)
+            print(patt.search_string(src)[0])
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['<b> bold <i>text</i> </b>']
+        ['<i>text</i>']
+    """
+    asString = asString and as_string
+
+    locMarker = Empty().set_parse_action(lambda s, loc, t: loc)
+    endlocMarker = locMarker.copy()
+    endlocMarker.callPreparse = False
+    matchExpr = locMarker("_original_start") + expr + endlocMarker("_original_end")
+    if asString:
+        extractText = lambda s, l, t: s[t._original_start : t._original_end]
+    else:
+
+        def extractText(s, l, t):
+            t[:] = [s[t.pop("_original_start") : t.pop("_original_end")]]
+
+    matchExpr.set_parse_action(extractText)
+    matchExpr.ignoreExprs = expr.ignoreExprs
+    matchExpr.suppress_warning(Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection)
+    return matchExpr
+
+
+def ungroup(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to undo pyparsing's default grouping of And expressions,
+    even if all but one are non-empty.
+    """
+    return TokenConverter(expr).add_parse_action(lambda t: t[0])
+
+
+def locatedExpr(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """
+    (DEPRECATED - future code should use the :class:`Located` class)
+    Helper to decorate a returned token with its starting and ending
+    locations in the input string.
+
+    This helper adds the following results names:
+
+    - ``locn_start`` - location where matched expression begins
+    - ``locn_end`` - location where matched expression ends
+    - ``value`` - the actual parsed results
+
+    Be careful if the input text contains ``<TAB>`` characters, you
+    may want to call :class:`ParserElement.parse_with_tabs`
+
+    Example::
+
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        for match in locatedExpr(wd).search_string("ljsdf123lksdjjf123lkkjj1222"):
+            print(match)
+
+    prints::
+
+        [[0, 'ljsdf', 5]]
+        [[8, 'lksdjjf', 15]]
+        [[18, 'lkkjj', 23]]
+    """
+    locator = Empty().set_parse_action(lambda ss, ll, tt: ll)
+    return Group(
+        locator("locn_start")
+        + expr("value")
+        + locator.copy().leaveWhitespace()("locn_end")
+    )
+
+
+def nested_expr(
+    opener: Union[str, ParserElement] = "(",
+    closer: Union[str, ParserElement] = ")",
+    content: typing.Optional[ParserElement] = None,
+    ignore_expr: ParserElement = quoted_string(),
+    *,
+    ignoreExpr: ParserElement = quoted_string(),
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper method for defining nested lists enclosed in opening and
+    closing delimiters (``"("`` and ``")"`` are the default).
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``opener`` - opening character for a nested list
+      (default= ``"("``); can also be a pyparsing expression
+    - ``closer`` - closing character for a nested list
+      (default= ``")"``); can also be a pyparsing expression
+    - ``content`` - expression for items within the nested lists
+      (default= ``None``)
+    - ``ignore_expr`` - expression for ignoring opening and closing delimiters
+      (default= :class:`quoted_string`)
+    - ``ignoreExpr`` - this pre-PEP8 argument is retained for compatibility
+      but will be removed in a future release
+
+    If an expression is not provided for the content argument, the
+    nested expression will capture all whitespace-delimited content
+    between delimiters as a list of separate values.
+
+    Use the ``ignore_expr`` argument to define expressions that may
+    contain opening or closing characters that should not be treated as
+    opening or closing characters for nesting, such as quoted_string or
+    a comment expression.  Specify multiple expressions using an
+    :class:`Or` or :class:`MatchFirst`. The default is
+    :class:`quoted_string`, but if no expressions are to be ignored, then
+    pass ``None`` for this argument.
+
+    Example::
+
+        data_type = one_of("void int short long char float double")
+        decl_data_type = Combine(data_type + Opt(Word('*')))
+        ident = Word(alphas+'_', alphanums+'_')
+        number = pyparsing_common.number
+        arg = Group(decl_data_type + ident)
+        LPAR, RPAR = map(Suppress, "()")
+
+        code_body = nested_expr('{', '}', ignore_expr=(quoted_string | c_style_comment))
+
+        c_function = (decl_data_type("type")
+                      + ident("name")
+                      + LPAR + Opt(DelimitedList(arg), [])("args") + RPAR
+                      + code_body("body"))
+        c_function.ignore(c_style_comment)
+
+        source_code = '''
+            int is_odd(int x) {
+                return (x%2);
+            }
+
+            int dec_to_hex(char hchar) {
+                if (hchar >= '0' && hchar <= '9') {
+                    return (ord(hchar)-ord('0'));
+                } else {
+                    return (10+ord(hchar)-ord('A'));
+                }
+            }
+        '''
+        for func in c_function.search_string(source_code):
+            print("%(name)s (%(type)s) args: %(args)s" % func)
+
+
+    prints::
+
+        is_odd (int) args: [['int', 'x']]
+        dec_to_hex (int) args: [['char', 'hchar']]
+    """
+    if ignoreExpr != ignore_expr:
+        ignoreExpr = ignore_expr if ignoreExpr == quoted_string() else ignoreExpr
+    if opener == closer:
+        raise ValueError("opening and closing strings cannot be the same")
+    if content is None:
+        if isinstance(opener, str_type) and isinstance(closer, str_type):
+            opener = typing.cast(str, opener)
+            closer = typing.cast(str, closer)
+            if len(opener) == 1 and len(closer) == 1:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = Combine(
+                        OneOrMore(
+                            ~ignoreExpr
+                            + CharsNotIn(
+                                opener + closer + ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,
+                                exact=1,
+                            )
+                        )
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+                else:
+                    content = empty.copy() + CharsNotIn(
+                        opener + closer + ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+            else:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = Combine(
+                        OneOrMore(
+                            ~ignoreExpr
+                            + ~Literal(opener)
+                            + ~Literal(closer)
+                            + CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS, exact=1)
+                        )
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+                else:
+                    content = Combine(
+                        OneOrMore(
+                            ~Literal(opener)
+                            + ~Literal(closer)
+                            + CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS, exact=1)
+                        )
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "opening and closing arguments must be strings if no content expression is given"
+            )
+    ret = Forward()
+    if ignoreExpr is not None:
+        ret <<= Group(
+            Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore(ignoreExpr | ret | content) + Suppress(closer)
+        )
+    else:
+        ret <<= Group(Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore(ret | content) + Suppress(closer))
+    ret.set_name("nested %s%s expression" % (opener, closer))
+    return ret
+
+
+def _makeTags(tagStr, xml, suppress_LT=Suppress("<"), suppress_GT=Suppress(">")):
+    """Internal helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions, given a tag name"""
+    if isinstance(tagStr, str_type):
+        resname = tagStr
+        tagStr = Keyword(tagStr, caseless=not xml)
+    else:
+        resname = tagStr.name
+
+    tagAttrName = Word(alphas, alphanums + "_-:")
+    if xml:
+        tagAttrValue = dbl_quoted_string.copy().set_parse_action(remove_quotes)
+        openTag = (
+            suppress_LT
+            + tagStr("tag")
+            + Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group(tagAttrName + Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue)))
+            + Opt("/", default=[False])("empty").set_parse_action(
+                lambda s, l, t: t[0] == "/"
+            )
+            + suppress_GT
+        )
+    else:
+        tagAttrValue = quoted_string.copy().set_parse_action(remove_quotes) | Word(
+            printables, exclude_chars=">"
+        )
+        openTag = (
+            suppress_LT
+            + tagStr("tag")
+            + Dict(
+                ZeroOrMore(
+                    Group(
+                        tagAttrName.set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].lower())
+                        + Opt(Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue)
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+            + Opt("/", default=[False])("empty").set_parse_action(
+                lambda s, l, t: t[0] == "/"
+            )
+            + suppress_GT
+        )
+    closeTag = Combine(Literal("</") + tagStr + ">", adjacent=False)
+
+    openTag.set_name("<%s>" % resname)
+    # add start<tagname> results name in parse action now that ungrouped names are not reported at two levels
+    openTag.add_parse_action(
+        lambda t: t.__setitem__(
+            "start" + "".join(resname.replace(":", " ").title().split()), t.copy()
+        )
+    )
+    closeTag = closeTag(
+        "end" + "".join(resname.replace(":", " ").title().split())
+    ).set_name("</%s>" % resname)
+    openTag.tag = resname
+    closeTag.tag = resname
+    openTag.tag_body = SkipTo(closeTag())
+    return openTag, closeTag
+
+
+def make_html_tags(
+    tag_str: Union[str, ParserElement]
+) -> Tuple[ParserElement, ParserElement]:
+    """Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for HTML,
+    given a tag name. Matches tags in either upper or lower case,
+    attributes with namespaces and with quoted or unquoted values.
+
+    Example::
+
+        text = '<td>More info at the <a href="https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing/wiki">pyparsing</a> wiki page</td>'
+        # make_html_tags returns pyparsing expressions for the opening and
+        # closing tags as a 2-tuple
+        a, a_end = make_html_tags("A")
+        link_expr = a + SkipTo(a_end)("link_text") + a_end
+
+        for link in link_expr.search_string(text):
+            # attributes in the <A> tag (like "href" shown here) are
+            # also accessible as named results
+            print(link.link_text, '->', link.href)
+
+    prints::
+
+        pyparsing -> https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing/wiki
+    """
+    return _makeTags(tag_str, False)
+
+
+def make_xml_tags(
+    tag_str: Union[str, ParserElement]
+) -> Tuple[ParserElement, ParserElement]:
+    """Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for XML,
+    given a tag name. Matches tags only in the given upper/lower case.
+
+    Example: similar to :class:`make_html_tags`
+    """
+    return _makeTags(tag_str, True)
+
+
+any_open_tag: ParserElement
+any_close_tag: ParserElement
+any_open_tag, any_close_tag = make_html_tags(
+    Word(alphas, alphanums + "_:").set_name("any tag")
+)
+
+_htmlEntityMap = {k.rstrip(";"): v for k, v in html.entities.html5.items()}
+common_html_entity = Regex("&(?P<entity>" + "|".join(_htmlEntityMap) + ");").set_name(
+    "common HTML entity"
+)
+
+
+def replace_html_entity(s, l, t):
+    """Helper parser action to replace common HTML entities with their special characters"""
+    return _htmlEntityMap.get(t.entity)
+
+
+class OpAssoc(Enum):
+    """Enumeration of operator associativity
+    - used in constructing InfixNotationOperatorSpec for :class:`infix_notation`"""
+
+    LEFT = 1
+    RIGHT = 2
+
+
+InfixNotationOperatorArgType = Union[
+    ParserElement, str, Tuple[Union[ParserElement, str], Union[ParserElement, str]]
+]
+InfixNotationOperatorSpec = Union[
+    Tuple[
+        InfixNotationOperatorArgType,
+        int,
+        OpAssoc,
+        typing.Optional[ParseAction],
+    ],
+    Tuple[
+        InfixNotationOperatorArgType,
+        int,
+        OpAssoc,
+    ],
+]
+
+
+def infix_notation(
+    base_expr: ParserElement,
+    op_list: List[InfixNotationOperatorSpec],
+    lpar: Union[str, ParserElement] = Suppress("("),
+    rpar: Union[str, ParserElement] = Suppress(")"),
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper method for constructing grammars of expressions made up of
+    operators working in a precedence hierarchy.  Operators may be unary
+    or binary, left- or right-associative.  Parse actions can also be
+    attached to operator expressions. The generated parser will also
+    recognize the use of parentheses to override operator precedences
+    (see example below).
+
+    Note: if you define a deep operator list, you may see performance
+    issues when using infix_notation. See
+    :class:`ParserElement.enable_packrat` for a mechanism to potentially
+    improve your parser performance.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``base_expr`` - expression representing the most basic operand to
+      be used in the expression
+    - ``op_list`` - list of tuples, one for each operator precedence level
+      in the expression grammar; each tuple is of the form ``(op_expr,
+      num_operands, right_left_assoc, (optional)parse_action)``, where:
+
+      - ``op_expr`` is the pyparsing expression for the operator; may also
+        be a string, which will be converted to a Literal; if ``num_operands``
+        is 3, ``op_expr`` is a tuple of two expressions, for the two
+        operators separating the 3 terms
+      - ``num_operands`` is the number of terms for this operator (must be 1,
+        2, or 3)
+      - ``right_left_assoc`` is the indicator whether the operator is right
+        or left associative, using the pyparsing-defined constants
+        ``OpAssoc.RIGHT`` and ``OpAssoc.LEFT``.
+      - ``parse_action`` is the parse action to be associated with
+        expressions matching this operator expression (the parse action
+        tuple member may be omitted); if the parse action is passed
+        a tuple or list of functions, this is equivalent to calling
+        ``set_parse_action(*fn)``
+        (:class:`ParserElement.set_parse_action`)
+    - ``lpar`` - expression for matching left-parentheses; if passed as a
+      str, then will be parsed as ``Suppress(lpar)``. If lpar is passed as
+      an expression (such as ``Literal('(')``), then it will be kept in
+      the parsed results, and grouped with them. (default= ``Suppress('(')``)
+    - ``rpar`` - expression for matching right-parentheses; if passed as a
+      str, then will be parsed as ``Suppress(rpar)``. If rpar is passed as
+      an expression (such as ``Literal(')')``), then it will be kept in
+      the parsed results, and grouped with them. (default= ``Suppress(')')``)
+
+    Example::
+
+        # simple example of four-function arithmetic with ints and
+        # variable names
+        integer = pyparsing_common.signed_integer
+        varname = pyparsing_common.identifier
+
+        arith_expr = infix_notation(integer | varname,
+            [
+            ('-', 1, OpAssoc.RIGHT),
+            (one_of('* /'), 2, OpAssoc.LEFT),
+            (one_of('+ -'), 2, OpAssoc.LEFT),
+            ])
+
+        arith_expr.run_tests('''
+            5+3*6
+            (5+3)*6
+            -2--11
+            ''', full_dump=False)
+
+    prints::
+
+        5+3*6
+        [[5, '+', [3, '*', 6]]]
+
+        (5+3)*6
+        [[[5, '+', 3], '*', 6]]
+
+        (5+x)*y
+        [[[5, '+', 'x'], '*', 'y']]
+
+        -2--11
+        [[['-', 2], '-', ['-', 11]]]
+    """
+
+    # captive version of FollowedBy that does not do parse actions or capture results names
+    class _FB(FollowedBy):
+        def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+            self.expr.try_parse(instring, loc)
+            return loc, []
+
+    _FB.__name__ = "FollowedBy>"
+
+    ret = Forward()
+    if isinstance(lpar, str):
+        lpar = Suppress(lpar)
+    if isinstance(rpar, str):
+        rpar = Suppress(rpar)
+
+    # if lpar and rpar are not suppressed, wrap in group
+    if not (isinstance(rpar, Suppress) and isinstance(rpar, Suppress)):
+        lastExpr = base_expr | Group(lpar + ret + rpar)
+    else:
+        lastExpr = base_expr | (lpar + ret + rpar)
+
+    arity: int
+    rightLeftAssoc: opAssoc
+    pa: typing.Optional[ParseAction]
+    opExpr1: ParserElement
+    opExpr2: ParserElement
+    for i, operDef in enumerate(op_list):
+        opExpr, arity, rightLeftAssoc, pa = (operDef + (None,))[:4]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if isinstance(opExpr, str_type):
+            opExpr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(opExpr)
+        opExpr = typing.cast(ParserElement, opExpr)
+        if arity == 3:
+            if not isinstance(opExpr, (tuple, list)) or len(opExpr) != 2:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "if numterms=3, opExpr must be a tuple or list of two expressions"
+                )
+            opExpr1, opExpr2 = opExpr
+            term_name = f"{opExpr1}{opExpr2} term"
+        else:
+            term_name = f"{opExpr} term"
+
+        if not 1 <= arity <= 3:
+            raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
+
+        if rightLeftAssoc not in (OpAssoc.LEFT, OpAssoc.RIGHT):
+            raise ValueError("operator must indicate right or left associativity")
+
+        thisExpr: ParserElement = Forward().set_name(term_name)
+        thisExpr = typing.cast(Forward, thisExpr)
+        if rightLeftAssoc is OpAssoc.LEFT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + opExpr) + Group(lastExpr + opExpr[1, ...])
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + opExpr + lastExpr) + Group(
+                        lastExpr + (opExpr + lastExpr)[1, ...]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + lastExpr) + Group(lastExpr[2, ...])
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = _FB(
+                    lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr
+                ) + Group(lastExpr + OneOrMore(opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr))
+        elif rightLeftAssoc is OpAssoc.RIGHT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                # try to avoid LR with this extra test
+                if not isinstance(opExpr, Opt):
+                    opExpr = Opt(opExpr)
+                matchExpr = _FB(opExpr.expr + thisExpr) + Group(opExpr + thisExpr)
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + opExpr + thisExpr) + Group(
+                        lastExpr + (opExpr + thisExpr)[1, ...]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + thisExpr) + Group(
+                        lastExpr + thisExpr[1, ...]
+                    )
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = _FB(
+                    lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr
+                ) + Group(lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr)
+        if pa:
+            if isinstance(pa, (tuple, list)):
+                matchExpr.set_parse_action(*pa)
+            else:
+                matchExpr.set_parse_action(pa)
+        thisExpr <<= (matchExpr | lastExpr).setName(term_name)
+        lastExpr = thisExpr
+    ret <<= lastExpr
+    return ret
+
+
+def indentedBlock(blockStatementExpr, indentStack, indent=True, backup_stacks=[]):
+    """
+    (DEPRECATED - use :class:`IndentedBlock` class instead)
+    Helper method for defining space-delimited indentation blocks,
+    such as those used to define block statements in Python source code.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``blockStatementExpr`` - expression defining syntax of statement that
+      is repeated within the indented block
+    - ``indentStack`` - list created by caller to manage indentation stack
+      (multiple ``statementWithIndentedBlock`` expressions within a single
+      grammar should share a common ``indentStack``)
+    - ``indent`` - boolean indicating whether block must be indented beyond
+      the current level; set to ``False`` for block of left-most statements
+      (default= ``True``)
+
+    A valid block must contain at least one ``blockStatement``.
+
+    (Note that indentedBlock uses internal parse actions which make it
+    incompatible with packrat parsing.)
+
+    Example::
+
+        data = '''
+        def A(z):
+          A1
+          B = 100
+          G = A2
+          A2
+          A3
+        B
+        def BB(a,b,c):
+          BB1
+          def BBA():
+            bba1
+            bba2
+            bba3
+        C
+        D
+        def spam(x,y):
+             def eggs(z):
+                 pass
+        '''
+
+
+        indentStack = [1]
+        stmt = Forward()
+
+        identifier = Word(alphas, alphanums)
+        funcDecl = ("def" + identifier + Group("(" + Opt(delimitedList(identifier)) + ")") + ":")
+        func_body = indentedBlock(stmt, indentStack)
+        funcDef = Group(funcDecl + func_body)
+
+        rvalue = Forward()
+        funcCall = Group(identifier + "(" + Opt(delimitedList(rvalue)) + ")")
+        rvalue << (funcCall | identifier | Word(nums))
+        assignment = Group(identifier + "=" + rvalue)
+        stmt << (funcDef | assignment | identifier)
+
+        module_body = stmt[1, ...]
+
+        parseTree = module_body.parseString(data)
+        parseTree.pprint()
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['def',
+          'A',
+          ['(', 'z', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [['A1'], [['B', '=', '100']], [['G', '=', 'A2']], ['A2'], ['A3']]],
+         'B',
+         ['def',
+          'BB',
+          ['(', 'a', 'b', 'c', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [['BB1'], [['def', 'BBA', ['(', ')'], ':', [['bba1'], ['bba2'], ['bba3']]]]]],
+         'C',
+         'D',
+         ['def',
+          'spam',
+          ['(', 'x', 'y', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [[['def', 'eggs', ['(', 'z', ')'], ':', [['pass']]]]]]]
+    """
+    backup_stacks.append(indentStack[:])
+
+    def reset_stack():
+        indentStack[:] = backup_stacks[-1]
+
+    def checkPeerIndent(s, l, t):
+        if l >= len(s):
+            return
+        curCol = col(l, s)
+        if curCol != indentStack[-1]:
+            if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, "illegal nesting")
+            raise ParseException(s, l, "not a peer entry")
+
+    def checkSubIndent(s, l, t):
+        curCol = col(l, s)
+        if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+            indentStack.append(curCol)
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(s, l, "not a subentry")
+
+    def checkUnindent(s, l, t):
+        if l >= len(s):
+            return
+        curCol = col(l, s)
+        if not (indentStack and curCol in indentStack):
+            raise ParseException(s, l, "not an unindent")
+        if curCol < indentStack[-1]:
+            indentStack.pop()
+
+    NL = OneOrMore(LineEnd().set_whitespace_chars("\t ").suppress())
+    INDENT = (Empty() + Empty().set_parse_action(checkSubIndent)).set_name("INDENT")
+    PEER = Empty().set_parse_action(checkPeerIndent).set_name("")
+    UNDENT = Empty().set_parse_action(checkUnindent).set_name("UNINDENT")
+    if indent:
+        smExpr = Group(
+            Opt(NL)
+            + INDENT
+            + OneOrMore(PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Opt(NL))
+            + UNDENT
+        )
+    else:
+        smExpr = Group(
+            Opt(NL)
+            + OneOrMore(PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Opt(NL))
+            + Opt(UNDENT)
+        )
+
+    # add a parse action to remove backup_stack from list of backups
+    smExpr.add_parse_action(
+        lambda: backup_stacks.pop(-1) and None if backup_stacks else None
+    )
+    smExpr.set_fail_action(lambda a, b, c, d: reset_stack())
+    blockStatementExpr.ignore(_bslash + LineEnd())
+    return smExpr.set_name("indented block")
+
+
+# it's easy to get these comment structures wrong - they're very common, so may as well make them available
+c_style_comment = Combine(Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + "*/").set_name(
+    "C style comment"
+)
+"Comment of the form ``/* ... */``"
+
+html_comment = Regex(r"<!--[\s\S]*?-->").set_name("HTML comment")
+"Comment of the form ``<!-- ... -->``"
+
+rest_of_line = Regex(r".*").leave_whitespace().set_name("rest of line")
+dbl_slash_comment = Regex(r"//(?:\\\n|[^\n])*").set_name("// comment")
+"Comment of the form ``// ... (to end of line)``"
+
+cpp_style_comment = Combine(
+    Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + "*/" | dbl_slash_comment
+).set_name("C++ style comment")
+"Comment of either form :class:`c_style_comment` or :class:`dbl_slash_comment`"
+
+java_style_comment = cpp_style_comment
+"Same as :class:`cpp_style_comment`"
+
+python_style_comment = Regex(r"#.*").set_name("Python style comment")
+"Comment of the form ``# ... (to end of line)``"
+
+
+# build list of built-in expressions, for future reference if a global default value
+# gets updated
+_builtin_exprs: List[ParserElement] = [
+    v for v in vars().values() if isinstance(v, ParserElement)
+]
+
+
+# compatibility function, superseded by DelimitedList class
+def delimited_list(
+    expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+    delim: Union[str, ParserElement] = ",",
+    combine: bool = False,
+    min: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+    max: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+    *,
+    allow_trailing_delim: bool = False,
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """(DEPRECATED - use :class:`DelimitedList` class)"""
+    return DelimitedList(
+        expr, delim, combine, min, max, allow_trailing_delim=allow_trailing_delim
+    )
+
+
+# pre-PEP8 compatible names
+# fmt: off
+opAssoc = OpAssoc
+anyOpenTag = any_open_tag
+anyCloseTag = any_close_tag
+commonHTMLEntity = common_html_entity
+cStyleComment = c_style_comment
+htmlComment = html_comment
+restOfLine = rest_of_line
+dblSlashComment = dbl_slash_comment
+cppStyleComment = cpp_style_comment
+javaStyleComment = java_style_comment
+pythonStyleComment = python_style_comment
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(DelimitedList)
+def delimitedList(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(DelimitedList)
+def delimited_list(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(counted_array)
+def countedArray(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(match_previous_literal)
+def matchPreviousLiteral(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(match_previous_expr)
+def matchPreviousExpr(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(one_of)
+def oneOf(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(dict_of)
+def dictOf(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(original_text_for)
+def originalTextFor(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(nested_expr)
+def nestedExpr(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(make_html_tags)
+def makeHTMLTags(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(make_xml_tags)
+def makeXMLTags(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(replace_html_entity)
+def replaceHTMLEntity(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(infix_notation)
+def infixNotation(): ...
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/results.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/results.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0313049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/results.py
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+# results.py
+from collections.abc import (
+    MutableMapping,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+    Container,
+)
+import pprint
+from typing import Tuple, Any, Dict, Set, List
+
+str_type: Tuple[type, ...] = (str, bytes)
+_generator_type = type((_ for _ in ()))
+
+
+class _ParseResultsWithOffset:
+    tup: Tuple["ParseResults", int]
+    __slots__ = ["tup"]
+
+    def __init__(self, p1: "ParseResults", p2: int):
+        self.tup: Tuple[ParseResults, int] = (p1, p2)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.tup[i]
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self.tup
+
+    def __setstate__(self, *args):
+        self.tup = args[0]
+
+
+class ParseResults:
+    """Structured parse results, to provide multiple means of access to
+    the parsed data:
+
+    - as a list (``len(results)``)
+    - by list index (``results[0], results[1]``, etc.)
+    - by attribute (``results.<results_name>`` - see :class:`ParserElement.set_results_name`)
+
+    Example::
+
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        date_str = (integer.set_results_name("year") + '/'
+                    + integer.set_results_name("month") + '/'
+                    + integer.set_results_name("day"))
+        # equivalent form:
+        # date_str = (integer("year") + '/'
+        #             + integer("month") + '/'
+        #             + integer("day"))
+
+        # parse_string returns a ParseResults object
+        result = date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")
+
+        def test(s, fn=repr):
+            print(f"{s} -> {fn(eval(s))}")
+        test("list(result)")
+        test("result[0]")
+        test("result['month']")
+        test("result.day")
+        test("'month' in result")
+        test("'minutes' in result")
+        test("result.dump()", str)
+
+    prints::
+
+        list(result) -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+        result[0] -> '1999'
+        result['month'] -> '12'
+        result.day -> '31'
+        'month' in result -> True
+        'minutes' in result -> False
+        result.dump() -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+        - day: '31'
+        - month: '12'
+        - year: '1999'
+    """
+
+    _null_values: Tuple[Any, ...] = (None, [], ())
+
+    _name: str
+    _parent: "ParseResults"
+    _all_names: Set[str]
+    _modal: bool
+    _toklist: List[Any]
+    _tokdict: Dict[str, Any]
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_name",
+        "_parent",
+        "_all_names",
+        "_modal",
+        "_toklist",
+        "_tokdict",
+    )
+
+    class List(list):
+        """
+        Simple wrapper class to distinguish parsed list results that should be preserved
+        as actual Python lists, instead of being converted to :class:`ParseResults`::
+
+            LBRACK, RBRACK = map(pp.Suppress, "[]")
+            element = pp.Forward()
+            item = ppc.integer
+            element_list = LBRACK + pp.DelimitedList(element) + RBRACK
+
+            # add parse actions to convert from ParseResults to actual Python collection types
+            def as_python_list(t):
+                return pp.ParseResults.List(t.as_list())
+            element_list.add_parse_action(as_python_list)
+
+            element <<= item | element_list
+
+            element.run_tests('''
+                100
+                [2,3,4]
+                [[2, 1],3,4]
+                [(2, 1),3,4]
+                (2,3,4)
+                ''', post_parse=lambda s, r: (r[0], type(r[0])))
+
+        prints::
+
+            100
+            (100, <class 'int'>)
+
+            [2,3,4]
+            ([2, 3, 4], <class 'list'>)
+
+            [[2, 1],3,4]
+            ([[2, 1], 3, 4], <class 'list'>)
+
+        (Used internally by :class:`Group` when `aslist=True`.)
+        """
+
+        def __new__(cls, contained=None):
+            if contained is None:
+                contained = []
+
+            if not isinstance(contained, list):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"{cls.__name__} may only be constructed with a list, not {type(contained).__name__}"
+                )
+
+            return list.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __new__(cls, toklist=None, name=None, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults):
+            return toklist
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        self._name = None
+        self._parent = None
+        self._all_names = set()
+
+        if toklist is None:
+            self._toklist = []
+        elif isinstance(toklist, (list, _generator_type)):
+            self._toklist = (
+                [toklist[:]]
+                if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults.List)
+                else list(toklist)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._toklist = [toklist]
+        self._tokdict = dict()
+        return self
+
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__(
+        self, toklist=None, name=None, asList=True, modal=True, isinstance=isinstance
+    ):
+        self._tokdict: Dict[str, _ParseResultsWithOffset]
+        self._modal = modal
+        if name is not None and name != "":
+            if isinstance(name, int):
+                name = str(name)
+            if not modal:
+                self._all_names = {name}
+            self._name = name
+            if toklist not in self._null_values:
+                if isinstance(toklist, (str_type, type)):
+                    toklist = [toklist]
+                if asList:
+                    if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults):
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                            ParseResults(toklist._toklist), 0
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                            ParseResults(toklist[0]), 0
+                        )
+                    self[name]._name = name
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self[name] = toklist[0]
+                    except (KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):
+                        if toklist is not self:
+                            self[name] = toklist
+                        else:
+                            self._name = name
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        if isinstance(i, (int, slice)):
+            return self._toklist[i]
+        else:
+            if i not in self._all_names:
+                return self._tokdict[i][-1][0]
+            else:
+                return ParseResults([v[0] for v in self._tokdict[i]])
+
+    def __setitem__(self, k, v, isinstance=isinstance):
+        if isinstance(v, _ParseResultsWithOffset):
+            self._tokdict[k] = self._tokdict.get(k, list()) + [v]
+            sub = v[0]
+        elif isinstance(k, (int, slice)):
+            self._toklist[k] = v
+            sub = v
+        else:
+            self._tokdict[k] = self._tokdict.get(k, list()) + [
+                _ParseResultsWithOffset(v, 0)
+            ]
+            sub = v
+        if isinstance(sub, ParseResults):
+            sub._parent = self
+
+    def __delitem__(self, i):
+        if isinstance(i, (int, slice)):
+            mylen = len(self._toklist)
+            del self._toklist[i]
+
+            # convert int to slice
+            if isinstance(i, int):
+                if i < 0:
+                    i += mylen
+                i = slice(i, i + 1)
+            # get removed indices
+            removed = list(range(*i.indices(mylen)))
+            removed.reverse()
+            # fixup indices in token dictionary
+            for name, occurrences in self._tokdict.items():
+                for j in removed:
+                    for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                        occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                            value, position - (position > j)
+                        )
+        else:
+            del self._tokdict[i]
+
+    def __contains__(self, k) -> bool:
+        return k in self._tokdict
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._toklist)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return not not (self._toklist or self._tokdict)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator:
+        return iter(self._toklist)
+
+    def __reversed__(self) -> Iterator:
+        return iter(self._toklist[::-1])
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return iter(self._tokdict)
+
+    def values(self):
+        return (self[k] for k in self.keys())
+
+    def items(self):
+        return ((k, self[k]) for k in self.keys())
+
+    def haskeys(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Since ``keys()`` returns an iterator, this method is helpful in bypassing
+        code that looks for the existence of any defined results names."""
+        return not not self._tokdict
+
+    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Removes and returns item at specified index (default= ``last``).
+        Supports both ``list`` and ``dict`` semantics for ``pop()``. If
+        passed no argument or an integer argument, it will use ``list``
+        semantics and pop tokens from the list of parsed tokens. If passed
+        a non-integer argument (most likely a string), it will use ``dict``
+        semantics and pop the corresponding value from any defined results
+        names. A second default return value argument is supported, just as in
+        ``dict.pop()``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            numlist = Word(nums)[...]
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            def remove_first(tokens):
+                tokens.pop(0)
+            numlist.add_parse_action(remove_first)
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['123', '321']
+
+            label = Word(alphas)
+            patt = label("LABEL") + Word(nums)[1, ...]
+            print(patt.parse_string("AAB 123 321").dump())
+
+            # Use pop() in a parse action to remove named result (note that corresponding value is not
+            # removed from list form of results)
+            def remove_LABEL(tokens):
+                tokens.pop("LABEL")
+                return tokens
+            patt.add_parse_action(remove_LABEL)
+            print(patt.parse_string("AAB 123 321").dump())
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['AAB', '123', '321']
+            - LABEL: 'AAB'
+
+            ['AAB', '123', '321']
+        """
+        if not args:
+            args = [-1]
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            if k == "default":
+                args = (args[0], v)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"pop() got an unexpected keyword argument {k!r}")
+        if isinstance(args[0], int) or len(args) == 1 or args[0] in self:
+            index = args[0]
+            ret = self[index]
+            del self[index]
+            return ret
+        else:
+            defaultvalue = args[1]
+            return defaultvalue
+
+    def get(self, key, default_value=None):
+        """
+        Returns named result matching the given key, or if there is no
+        such name, then returns the given ``default_value`` or ``None`` if no
+        ``default_value`` is specified.
+
+        Similar to ``dict.get()``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")
+            print(result.get("year")) # -> '1999'
+            print(result.get("hour", "not specified")) # -> 'not specified'
+            print(result.get("hour")) # -> None
+        """
+        if key in self:
+            return self[key]
+        else:
+            return default_value
+
+    def insert(self, index, ins_string):
+        """
+        Inserts new element at location index in the list of parsed tokens.
+
+        Similar to ``list.insert()``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            numlist = Word(nums)[...]
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            # use a parse action to insert the parse location in the front of the parsed results
+            def insert_locn(locn, tokens):
+                tokens.insert(0, locn)
+            numlist.add_parse_action(insert_locn)
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> [0, '0', '123', '321']
+        """
+        self._toklist.insert(index, ins_string)
+        # fixup indices in token dictionary
+        for name, occurrences in self._tokdict.items():
+            for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                    value, position + (position > index)
+                )
+
+    def append(self, item):
+        """
+        Add single element to end of ``ParseResults`` list of elements.
+
+        Example::
+
+            numlist = Word(nums)[...]
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            # use a parse action to compute the sum of the parsed integers, and add it to the end
+            def append_sum(tokens):
+                tokens.append(sum(map(int, tokens)))
+            numlist.add_parse_action(append_sum)
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321', 444]
+        """
+        self._toklist.append(item)
+
+    def extend(self, itemseq):
+        """
+        Add sequence of elements to end of ``ParseResults`` list of elements.
+
+        Example::
+
+            patt = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+
+            # use a parse action to append the reverse of the matched strings, to make a palindrome
+            def make_palindrome(tokens):
+                tokens.extend(reversed([t[::-1] for t in tokens]))
+                return ''.join(tokens)
+            patt.add_parse_action(make_palindrome)
+            print(patt.parse_string("lskdj sdlkjf lksd")) # -> 'lskdjsdlkjflksddsklfjkldsjdksl'
+        """
+        if isinstance(itemseq, ParseResults):
+            self.__iadd__(itemseq)
+        else:
+            self._toklist.extend(itemseq)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear all elements and results names.
+        """
+        del self._toklist[:]
+        self._tokdict.clear()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return self[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            if name.startswith("__"):
+                raise AttributeError(name)
+            return ""
+
+    def __add__(self, other: "ParseResults") -> "ParseResults":
+        ret = self.copy()
+        ret += other
+        return ret
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other: "ParseResults") -> "ParseResults":
+        if not other:
+            return self
+
+        if other._tokdict:
+            offset = len(self._toklist)
+            addoffset = lambda a: offset if a < 0 else a + offset
+            otheritems = other._tokdict.items()
+            otherdictitems = [
+                (k, _ParseResultsWithOffset(v[0], addoffset(v[1])))
+                for k, vlist in otheritems
+                for v in vlist
+            ]
+            for k, v in otherdictitems:
+                self[k] = v
+                if isinstance(v[0], ParseResults):
+                    v[0]._parent = self
+
+        self._toklist += other._toklist
+        self._all_names |= other._all_names
+        return self
+
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> "ParseResults":
+        if isinstance(other, int) and other == 0:
+            # useful for merging many ParseResults using sum() builtin
+            return self.copy()
+        else:
+            # this may raise a TypeError - so be it
+            return other + self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self._toklist!r}, {self.as_dict()})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "["
+            + ", ".join(
+                [
+                    str(i) if isinstance(i, ParseResults) else repr(i)
+                    for i in self._toklist
+                ]
+            )
+            + "]"
+        )
+
+    def _asStringList(self, sep=""):
+        out = []
+        for item in self._toklist:
+            if out and sep:
+                out.append(sep)
+            if isinstance(item, ParseResults):
+                out += item._asStringList()
+            else:
+                out.append(str(item))
+        return out
+
+    def as_list(self) -> list:
+        """
+        Returns the parse results as a nested list of matching tokens, all converted to strings.
+
+        Example::
+
+            patt = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+            result = patt.parse_string("sldkj lsdkj sldkj")
+            # even though the result prints in string-like form, it is actually a pyparsing ParseResults
+            print(type(result), result) # -> <class 'pyparsing.ParseResults'> ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
+
+            # Use as_list() to create an actual list
+            result_list = result.as_list()
+            print(type(result_list), result_list) # -> <class 'list'> ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
+        """
+        return [
+            res.as_list() if isinstance(res, ParseResults) else res
+            for res in self._toklist
+        ]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        Returns the named parse results as a nested dictionary.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string('12/31/1999')
+            print(type(result), repr(result)) # -> <class 'pyparsing.ParseResults'> (['12', '/', '31', '/', '1999'], {'day': [('1999', 4)], 'year': [('12', 0)], 'month': [('31', 2)]})
+
+            result_dict = result.as_dict()
+            print(type(result_dict), repr(result_dict)) # -> <class 'dict'> {'day': '1999', 'year': '12', 'month': '31'}
+
+            # even though a ParseResults supports dict-like access, sometime you just need to have a dict
+            import json
+            print(json.dumps(result)) # -> Exception: TypeError: ... is not JSON serializable
+            print(json.dumps(result.as_dict())) # -> {"month": "31", "day": "1999", "year": "12"}
+        """
+
+        def to_item(obj):
+            if isinstance(obj, ParseResults):
+                return obj.as_dict() if obj.haskeys() else [to_item(v) for v in obj]
+            else:
+                return obj
+
+        return dict((k, to_item(v)) for k, v in self.items())
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ParseResults":
+        """
+        Returns a new shallow copy of a :class:`ParseResults` object. `ParseResults`
+        items contained within the source are shared with the copy. Use
+        :class:`ParseResults.deepcopy()` to create a copy with its own separate
+        content values.
+        """
+        ret = ParseResults(self._toklist)
+        ret._tokdict = self._tokdict.copy()
+        ret._parent = self._parent
+        ret._all_names |= self._all_names
+        ret._name = self._name
+        return ret
+
+    def deepcopy(self) -> "ParseResults":
+        """
+        Returns a new deep copy of a :class:`ParseResults` object.
+        """
+        ret = self.copy()
+        # replace values with copies if they are of known mutable types
+        for i, obj in enumerate(self._toklist):
+            if isinstance(obj, ParseResults):
+                self._toklist[i] = obj.deepcopy()
+            elif isinstance(obj, (str, bytes)):
+                pass
+            elif isinstance(obj, MutableMapping):
+                self._toklist[i] = dest = type(obj)()
+                for k, v in obj.items():
+                    dest[k] = v.deepcopy() if isinstance(v, ParseResults) else v
+            elif isinstance(obj, Container):
+                self._toklist[i] = type(obj)(
+                    v.deepcopy() if isinstance(v, ParseResults) else v for v in obj
+                )
+        return ret
+
+    def get_name(self):
+        r"""
+        Returns the results name for this token expression. Useful when several
+        different expressions might match at a particular location.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            ssn_expr = Regex(r"\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d\d\d")
+            house_number_expr = Suppress('#') + Word(nums, alphanums)
+            user_data = (Group(house_number_expr)("house_number")
+                        | Group(ssn_expr)("ssn")
+                        | Group(integer)("age"))
+            user_info = user_data[1, ...]
+
+            result = user_info.parse_string("22 111-22-3333 #221B")
+            for item in result:
+                print(item.get_name(), ':', item[0])
+
+        prints::
+
+            age : 22
+            ssn : 111-22-3333
+            house_number : 221B
+        """
+        if self._name:
+            return self._name
+        elif self._parent:
+            par: "ParseResults" = self._parent
+            parent_tokdict_items = par._tokdict.items()
+            return next(
+                (
+                    k
+                    for k, vlist in parent_tokdict_items
+                    for v, loc in vlist
+                    if v is self
+                ),
+                None,
+            )
+        elif (
+            len(self) == 1
+            and len(self._tokdict) == 1
+            and next(iter(self._tokdict.values()))[0][1] in (0, -1)
+        ):
+            return next(iter(self._tokdict.keys()))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def dump(self, indent="", full=True, include_list=True, _depth=0) -> str:
+        """
+        Diagnostic method for listing out the contents of
+        a :class:`ParseResults`. Accepts an optional ``indent`` argument so
+        that this string can be embedded in a nested display of other data.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string('1999/12/31')
+            print(result.dump())
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+            - day: '31'
+            - month: '12'
+            - year: '1999'
+        """
+        out = []
+        NL = "\n"
+        out.append(indent + str(self.as_list()) if include_list else "")
+
+        if full:
+            if self.haskeys():
+                items = sorted((str(k), v) for k, v in self.items())
+                for k, v in items:
+                    if out:
+                        out.append(NL)
+                    out.append(f"{indent}{('  ' * _depth)}- {k}: ")
+                    if isinstance(v, ParseResults):
+                        if v:
+                            out.append(
+                                v.dump(
+                                    indent=indent,
+                                    full=full,
+                                    include_list=include_list,
+                                    _depth=_depth + 1,
+                                )
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            out.append(str(v))
+                    else:
+                        out.append(repr(v))
+            if any(isinstance(vv, ParseResults) for vv in self):
+                v = self
+                for i, vv in enumerate(v):
+                    if isinstance(vv, ParseResults):
+                        out.append(
+                            "\n{}{}[{}]:\n{}{}{}".format(
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth)),
+                                i,
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth + 1)),
+                                vv.dump(
+                                    indent=indent,
+                                    full=full,
+                                    include_list=include_list,
+                                    _depth=_depth + 1,
+                                ),
+                            )
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        out.append(
+                            "\n%s%s[%d]:\n%s%s%s"
+                            % (
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth)),
+                                i,
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth + 1)),
+                                str(vv),
+                            )
+                        )
+
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    def pprint(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Pretty-printer for parsed results as a list, using the
+        `pprint <https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html>`_ module.
+        Accepts additional positional or keyword args as defined for
+        `pprint.pprint <https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#pprint.pprint>`_ .
+
+        Example::
+
+            ident = Word(alphas, alphanums)
+            num = Word(nums)
+            func = Forward()
+            term = ident | num | Group('(' + func + ')')
+            func <<= ident + Group(Optional(DelimitedList(term)))
+            result = func.parse_string("fna a,b,(fnb c,d,200),100")
+            result.pprint(width=40)
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['fna',
+             ['a',
+              'b',
+              ['(', 'fnb', ['c', 'd', '200'], ')'],
+              '100']]
+        """
+        pprint.pprint(self.as_list(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    # add support for pickle protocol
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return (
+            self._toklist,
+            (
+                self._tokdict.copy(),
+                None,
+                self._all_names,
+                self._name,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self._toklist, (self._tokdict, par, inAccumNames, self._name) = state
+        self._all_names = set(inAccumNames)
+        self._parent = None
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return self._toklist, self._name
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return dir(type(self)) + list(self.keys())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, other, name=None) -> "ParseResults":
+        """
+        Helper classmethod to construct a ``ParseResults`` from a ``dict``, preserving the
+        name-value relations as results names. If an optional ``name`` argument is
+        given, a nested ``ParseResults`` will be returned.
+        """
+
+        def is_iterable(obj):
+            try:
+                iter(obj)
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+            # str's are iterable, but in pyparsing, we don't want to iterate over them
+            else:
+                return not isinstance(obj, str_type)
+
+        ret = cls([])
+        for k, v in other.items():
+            if isinstance(v, Mapping):
+                ret += cls.from_dict(v, name=k)
+            else:
+                ret += cls([v], name=k, asList=is_iterable(v))
+        if name is not None:
+            ret = cls([ret], name=name)
+        return ret
+
+    asList = as_list
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`as_list`"""
+    asDict = as_dict
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`as_dict`"""
+    getName = get_name
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`get_name`"""
+
+
+MutableMapping.register(ParseResults)
+MutableSequence.register(ParseResults)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/testing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a254c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+# testing.py
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import typing
+
+from .core import (
+    ParserElement,
+    ParseException,
+    Keyword,
+    __diag__,
+    __compat__,
+)
+
+
+class pyparsing_test:
+    """
+    namespace class for classes useful in writing unit tests
+    """
+
+    class reset_pyparsing_context:
+        """
+        Context manager to be used when writing unit tests that modify pyparsing config values:
+        - packrat parsing
+        - bounded recursion parsing
+        - default whitespace characters.
+        - default keyword characters
+        - literal string auto-conversion class
+        - __diag__ settings
+
+        Example::
+
+            with reset_pyparsing_context():
+                # test that literals used to construct a grammar are automatically suppressed
+                ParserElement.inlineLiteralsUsing(Suppress)
+
+                term = Word(alphas) | Word(nums)
+                group = Group('(' + term[...] + ')')
+
+                # assert that the '()' characters are not included in the parsed tokens
+                self.assertParseAndCheckList(group, "(abc 123 def)", ['abc', '123', 'def'])
+
+            # after exiting context manager, literals are converted to Literal expressions again
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._save_context = {}
+
+        def save(self):
+            self._save_context["default_whitespace"] = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+            self._save_context["default_keyword_chars"] = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+
+            self._save_context[
+                "literal_string_class"
+            ] = ParserElement._literalStringClass
+
+            self._save_context["verbose_stacktrace"] = ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace
+
+            self._save_context["packrat_enabled"] = ParserElement._packratEnabled
+            if ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+                self._save_context[
+                    "packrat_cache_size"
+                ] = ParserElement.packrat_cache.size
+            else:
+                self._save_context["packrat_cache_size"] = None
+            self._save_context["packrat_parse"] = ParserElement._parse
+            self._save_context[
+                "recursion_enabled"
+            ] = ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled
+
+            self._save_context["__diag__"] = {
+                name: getattr(__diag__, name) for name in __diag__._all_names
+            }
+
+            self._save_context["__compat__"] = {
+                "collect_all_And_tokens": __compat__.collect_all_And_tokens
+            }
+
+            return self
+
+        def restore(self):
+            # reset pyparsing global state
+            if (
+                ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+                != self._save_context["default_whitespace"]
+            ):
+                ParserElement.set_default_whitespace_chars(
+                    self._save_context["default_whitespace"]
+                )
+
+            ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace = self._save_context["verbose_stacktrace"]
+
+            Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = self._save_context["default_keyword_chars"]
+            ParserElement.inlineLiteralsUsing(
+                self._save_context["literal_string_class"]
+            )
+
+            for name, value in self._save_context["__diag__"].items():
+                (__diag__.enable if value else __diag__.disable)(name)
+
+            ParserElement._packratEnabled = False
+            if self._save_context["packrat_enabled"]:
+                ParserElement.enable_packrat(self._save_context["packrat_cache_size"])
+            else:
+                ParserElement._parse = self._save_context["packrat_parse"]
+            ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled = self._save_context[
+                "recursion_enabled"
+            ]
+
+            __compat__.collect_all_And_tokens = self._save_context["__compat__"]
+
+            return self
+
+        def copy(self):
+            ret = type(self)()
+            ret._save_context.update(self._save_context)
+            return ret
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self.save()
+
+        def __exit__(self, *args):
+            self.restore()
+
+    class TestParseResultsAsserts:
+        """
+        A mixin class to add parse results assertion methods to normal unittest.TestCase classes.
+        """
+
+        def assertParseResultsEquals(
+            self, result, expected_list=None, expected_dict=None, msg=None
+        ):
+            """
+            Unit test assertion to compare a :class:`ParseResults` object with an optional ``expected_list``,
+            and compare any defined results names with an optional ``expected_dict``.
+            """
+            if expected_list is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(expected_list, result.as_list(), msg=msg)
+            if expected_dict is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(expected_dict, result.as_dict(), msg=msg)
+
+        def assertParseAndCheckList(
+            self, expr, test_string, expected_list, msg=None, verbose=True
+        ):
+            """
+            Convenience wrapper assert to test a parser element and input string, and assert that
+            the resulting ``ParseResults.asList()`` is equal to the ``expected_list``.
+            """
+            result = expr.parse_string(test_string, parse_all=True)
+            if verbose:
+                print(result.dump())
+            else:
+                print(result.as_list())
+            self.assertParseResultsEquals(result, expected_list=expected_list, msg=msg)
+
+        def assertParseAndCheckDict(
+            self, expr, test_string, expected_dict, msg=None, verbose=True
+        ):
+            """
+            Convenience wrapper assert to test a parser element and input string, and assert that
+            the resulting ``ParseResults.asDict()`` is equal to the ``expected_dict``.
+            """
+            result = expr.parse_string(test_string, parseAll=True)
+            if verbose:
+                print(result.dump())
+            else:
+                print(result.as_list())
+            self.assertParseResultsEquals(result, expected_dict=expected_dict, msg=msg)
+
+        def assertRunTestResults(
+            self, run_tests_report, expected_parse_results=None, msg=None
+        ):
+            """
+            Unit test assertion to evaluate output of ``ParserElement.runTests()``. If a list of
+            list-dict tuples is given as the ``expected_parse_results`` argument, then these are zipped
+            with the report tuples returned by ``runTests`` and evaluated using ``assertParseResultsEquals``.
+            Finally, asserts that the overall ``runTests()`` success value is ``True``.
+
+            :param run_tests_report: tuple(bool, [tuple(str, ParseResults or Exception)]) returned from runTests
+            :param expected_parse_results (optional): [tuple(str, list, dict, Exception)]
+            """
+            run_test_success, run_test_results = run_tests_report
+
+            if expected_parse_results is not None:
+                merged = [
+                    (*rpt, expected)
+                    for rpt, expected in zip(run_test_results, expected_parse_results)
+                ]
+                for test_string, result, expected in merged:
+                    # expected should be a tuple containing a list and/or a dict or an exception,
+                    # and optional failure message string
+                    # an empty tuple will skip any result validation
+                    fail_msg = next(
+                        (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, str)), None
+                    )
+                    expected_exception = next(
+                        (
+                            exp
+                            for exp in expected
+                            if isinstance(exp, type) and issubclass(exp, Exception)
+                        ),
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    if expected_exception is not None:
+                        with self.assertRaises(
+                            expected_exception=expected_exception, msg=fail_msg or msg
+                        ):
+                            if isinstance(result, Exception):
+                                raise result
+                    else:
+                        expected_list = next(
+                            (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, list)), None
+                        )
+                        expected_dict = next(
+                            (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, dict)), None
+                        )
+                        if (expected_list, expected_dict) != (None, None):
+                            self.assertParseResultsEquals(
+                                result,
+                                expected_list=expected_list,
+                                expected_dict=expected_dict,
+                                msg=fail_msg or msg,
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            # warning here maybe?
+                            print(f"no validation for {test_string!r}")
+
+            # do this last, in case some specific test results can be reported instead
+            self.assertTrue(
+                run_test_success, msg=msg if msg is not None else "failed runTests"
+            )
+
+        @contextmanager
+        def assertRaisesParseException(self, exc_type=ParseException, msg=None):
+            with self.assertRaises(exc_type, msg=msg):
+                yield
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def with_line_numbers(
+        s: str,
+        start_line: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        end_line: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        expand_tabs: bool = True,
+        eol_mark: str = "|",
+        mark_spaces: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        mark_control: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Helpful method for debugging a parser - prints a string with line and column numbers.
+        (Line and column numbers are 1-based.)
+
+        :param s: tuple(bool, str - string to be printed with line and column numbers
+        :param start_line: int - (optional) starting line number in s to print (default=1)
+        :param end_line: int - (optional) ending line number in s to print (default=len(s))
+        :param expand_tabs: bool - (optional) expand tabs to spaces, to match the pyparsing default
+        :param eol_mark: str - (optional) string to mark the end of lines, helps visualize trailing spaces (default="|")
+        :param mark_spaces: str - (optional) special character to display in place of spaces
+        :param mark_control: str - (optional) convert non-printing control characters to a placeholding
+                                 character; valid values:
+                                 - "unicode" - replaces control chars with Unicode symbols, such as "␍" and "␊"
+                                 - any single character string - replace control characters with given string
+                                 - None (default) - string is displayed as-is
+
+        :return: str - input string with leading line numbers and column number headers
+        """
+        if expand_tabs:
+            s = s.expandtabs()
+        if mark_control is not None:
+            mark_control = typing.cast(str, mark_control)
+            if mark_control == "unicode":
+                transtable_map = {
+                    c: u for c, u in zip(range(0, 33), range(0x2400, 0x2433))
+                }
+                transtable_map[127] = 0x2421
+                tbl = str.maketrans(transtable_map)
+                eol_mark = ""
+            else:
+                ord_mark_control = ord(mark_control)
+                tbl = str.maketrans(
+                    {c: ord_mark_control for c in list(range(0, 32)) + [127]}
+                )
+            s = s.translate(tbl)
+        if mark_spaces is not None and mark_spaces != " ":
+            if mark_spaces == "unicode":
+                tbl = str.maketrans({9: 0x2409, 32: 0x2423})
+                s = s.translate(tbl)
+            else:
+                s = s.replace(" ", mark_spaces)
+        if start_line is None:
+            start_line = 1
+        if end_line is None:
+            end_line = len(s)
+        end_line = min(end_line, len(s))
+        start_line = min(max(1, start_line), end_line)
+
+        if mark_control != "unicode":
+            s_lines = s.splitlines()[start_line - 1 : end_line]
+        else:
+            s_lines = [line + "␊" for line in s.split("␊")[start_line - 1 : end_line]]
+        if not s_lines:
+            return ""
+
+        lineno_width = len(str(end_line))
+        max_line_len = max(len(line) for line in s_lines)
+        lead = " " * (lineno_width + 1)
+        if max_line_len >= 99:
+            header0 = (
+                lead
+                + "".join(
+                    f"{' ' * 99}{(i + 1) % 100}"
+                    for i in range(max(max_line_len // 100, 1))
+                )
+                + "\n"
+            )
+        else:
+            header0 = ""
+        header1 = (
+            header0
+            + lead
+            + "".join(f"         {(i + 1) % 10}" for i in range(-(-max_line_len // 10)))
+            + "\n"
+        )
+        header2 = lead + "1234567890" * (-(-max_line_len // 10)) + "\n"
+        return (
+            header1
+            + header2
+            + "\n".join(
+                f"{i:{lineno_width}d}:{line}{eol_mark}"
+                for i, line in enumerate(s_lines, start=start_line)
+            )
+            + "\n"
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/unicode.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/unicode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec0b3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/unicode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+# unicode.py
+
+import sys
+from itertools import filterfalse
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+
+class _lazyclassproperty:
+    def __init__(self, fn):
+        self.fn = fn
+        self.__doc__ = fn.__doc__
+        self.__name__ = fn.__name__
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+        if cls is None:
+            cls = type(obj)
+        if not hasattr(cls, "_intern") or any(
+            cls._intern is getattr(superclass, "_intern", [])
+            for superclass in cls.__mro__[1:]
+        ):
+            cls._intern = {}
+        attrname = self.fn.__name__
+        if attrname not in cls._intern:
+            cls._intern[attrname] = self.fn(cls)
+        return cls._intern[attrname]
+
+
+UnicodeRangeList = List[Union[Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int]]]
+
+
+class unicode_set:
+    """
+    A set of Unicode characters, for language-specific strings for
+    ``alphas``, ``nums``, ``alphanums``, and ``printables``.
+    A unicode_set is defined by a list of ranges in the Unicode character
+    set, in a class attribute ``_ranges``. Ranges can be specified using
+    2-tuples or a 1-tuple, such as::
+
+        _ranges = [
+            (0x0020, 0x007e),
+            (0x00a0, 0x00ff),
+            (0x0100,),
+            ]
+
+    Ranges are left- and right-inclusive. A 1-tuple of (x,) is treated as (x, x).
+
+    A unicode set can also be defined using multiple inheritance of other unicode sets::
+
+        class CJK(Chinese, Japanese, Korean):
+            pass
+    """
+
+    _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = []
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def _chars_for_ranges(cls):
+        ret = []
+        for cc in cls.__mro__:
+            if cc is unicode_set:
+                break
+            for rr in getattr(cc, "_ranges", ()):
+                ret.extend(range(rr[0], rr[-1] + 1))
+        return [chr(c) for c in sorted(set(ret))]
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def printables(cls):
+        """all non-whitespace characters in this range"""
+        return "".join(filterfalse(str.isspace, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def alphas(cls):
+        """all alphabetic characters in this range"""
+        return "".join(filter(str.isalpha, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def nums(cls):
+        """all numeric digit characters in this range"""
+        return "".join(filter(str.isdigit, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def alphanums(cls):
+        """all alphanumeric characters in this range"""
+        return cls.alphas + cls.nums
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def identchars(cls):
+        """all characters in this range that are valid identifier characters, plus underscore '_'"""
+        return "".join(
+            sorted(
+                set(
+                    "".join(filter(str.isidentifier, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+                    + "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzªµº"
+                    + "ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüýþÿ"
+                    + "_"
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def identbodychars(cls):
+        """
+        all characters in this range that are valid identifier body characters,
+        plus the digits 0-9, and · (Unicode MIDDLE DOT)
+        """
+        return "".join(
+            sorted(
+                set(
+                    cls.identchars
+                    + "0123456789·"
+                    + "".join(
+                        [c for c in cls._chars_for_ranges if ("_" + c).isidentifier()]
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def identifier(cls):
+        """
+        a pyparsing Word expression for an identifier using this range's definitions for
+        identchars and identbodychars
+        """
+        from pip._vendor.pyparsing import Word
+
+        return Word(cls.identchars, cls.identbodychars)
+
+
+class pyparsing_unicode(unicode_set):
+    """
+    A namespace class for defining common language unicode_sets.
+    """
+
+    # fmt: off
+
+    # define ranges in language character sets
+    _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+        (0x0020, sys.maxunicode),
+    ]
+
+    class BasicMultilingualPlane(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for the Basic Multilingual Plane"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0020, 0xFFFF),
+        ]
+
+    class Latin1(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Latin-1 Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0020, 0x007E),
+            (0x00A0, 0x00FF),
+        ]
+
+    class LatinA(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Latin-A Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0100, 0x017F),
+        ]
+
+    class LatinB(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Latin-B Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0180, 0x024F),
+        ]
+
+    class Greek(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Greek Unicode Character Ranges"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0342, 0x0345),
+            (0x0370, 0x0377),
+            (0x037A, 0x037F),
+            (0x0384, 0x038A),
+            (0x038C,),
+            (0x038E, 0x03A1),
+            (0x03A3, 0x03E1),
+            (0x03F0, 0x03FF),
+            (0x1D26, 0x1D2A),
+            (0x1D5E,),
+            (0x1D60,),
+            (0x1D66, 0x1D6A),
+            (0x1F00, 0x1F15),
+            (0x1F18, 0x1F1D),
+            (0x1F20, 0x1F45),
+            (0x1F48, 0x1F4D),
+            (0x1F50, 0x1F57),
+            (0x1F59,),
+            (0x1F5B,),
+            (0x1F5D,),
+            (0x1F5F, 0x1F7D),
+            (0x1F80, 0x1FB4),
+            (0x1FB6, 0x1FC4),
+            (0x1FC6, 0x1FD3),
+            (0x1FD6, 0x1FDB),
+            (0x1FDD, 0x1FEF),
+            (0x1FF2, 0x1FF4),
+            (0x1FF6, 0x1FFE),
+            (0x2129,),
+            (0x2719, 0x271A),
+            (0xAB65,),
+            (0x10140, 0x1018D),
+            (0x101A0,),
+            (0x1D200, 0x1D245),
+            (0x1F7A1, 0x1F7A7),
+        ]
+
+    class Cyrillic(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Cyrillic Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0400, 0x052F),
+            (0x1C80, 0x1C88),
+            (0x1D2B,),
+            (0x1D78,),
+            (0x2DE0, 0x2DFF),
+            (0xA640, 0xA672),
+            (0xA674, 0xA69F),
+            (0xFE2E, 0xFE2F),
+        ]
+
+    class Chinese(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Chinese Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x2E80, 0x2E99),
+            (0x2E9B, 0x2EF3),
+            (0x31C0, 0x31E3),
+            (0x3400, 0x4DB5),
+            (0x4E00, 0x9FEF),
+            (0xA700, 0xA707),
+            (0xF900, 0xFA6D),
+            (0xFA70, 0xFAD9),
+            (0x16FE2, 0x16FE3),
+            (0x1F210, 0x1F212),
+            (0x1F214, 0x1F23B),
+            (0x1F240, 0x1F248),
+            (0x20000, 0x2A6D6),
+            (0x2A700, 0x2B734),
+            (0x2B740, 0x2B81D),
+            (0x2B820, 0x2CEA1),
+            (0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0),
+            (0x2F800, 0x2FA1D),
+        ]
+
+    class Japanese(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Japanese Unicode Character Range, combining Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana ranges"""
+
+        class Kanji(unicode_set):
+            "Unicode set for Kanji Unicode Character Range"
+            _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+                (0x4E00, 0x9FBF),
+                (0x3000, 0x303F),
+            ]
+
+        class Hiragana(unicode_set):
+            """Unicode set for Hiragana Unicode Character Range"""
+            _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+                (0x3041, 0x3096),
+                (0x3099, 0x30A0),
+                (0x30FC,),
+                (0xFF70,),
+                (0x1B001,),
+                (0x1B150, 0x1B152),
+                (0x1F200,),
+            ]
+
+        class Katakana(unicode_set):
+            """Unicode set for Katakana  Unicode Character Range"""
+            _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+                (0x3099, 0x309C),
+                (0x30A0, 0x30FF),
+                (0x31F0, 0x31FF),
+                (0x32D0, 0x32FE),
+                (0xFF65, 0xFF9F),
+                (0x1B000,),
+                (0x1B164, 0x1B167),
+                (0x1F201, 0x1F202),
+                (0x1F213,),
+            ]
+
+        漢字 = Kanji
+        カタカナ = Katakana
+        ひらがな = Hiragana
+
+        _ranges = (
+            Kanji._ranges
+            + Hiragana._ranges
+            + Katakana._ranges
+        )
+
+    class Hangul(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Hangul (Korean) Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x1100, 0x11FF),
+            (0x302E, 0x302F),
+            (0x3131, 0x318E),
+            (0x3200, 0x321C),
+            (0x3260, 0x327B),
+            (0x327E,),
+            (0xA960, 0xA97C),
+            (0xAC00, 0xD7A3),
+            (0xD7B0, 0xD7C6),
+            (0xD7CB, 0xD7FB),
+            (0xFFA0, 0xFFBE),
+            (0xFFC2, 0xFFC7),
+            (0xFFCA, 0xFFCF),
+            (0xFFD2, 0xFFD7),
+            (0xFFDA, 0xFFDC),
+        ]
+
+    Korean = Hangul
+
+    class CJK(Chinese, Japanese, Hangul):
+        """Unicode set for combined Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) Unicode Character Range"""
+
+    class Thai(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Thai Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0E01, 0x0E3A),
+            (0x0E3F, 0x0E5B)
+        ]
+
+    class Arabic(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Arabic Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0600, 0x061B),
+            (0x061E, 0x06FF),
+            (0x0700, 0x077F),
+        ]
+
+    class Hebrew(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Hebrew Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0591, 0x05C7),
+            (0x05D0, 0x05EA),
+            (0x05EF, 0x05F4),
+            (0xFB1D, 0xFB36),
+            (0xFB38, 0xFB3C),
+            (0xFB3E,),
+            (0xFB40, 0xFB41),
+            (0xFB43, 0xFB44),
+            (0xFB46, 0xFB4F),
+        ]
+
+    class Devanagari(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Devanagari Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0900, 0x097F),
+            (0xA8E0, 0xA8FF)
+        ]
+
+    BMP = BasicMultilingualPlane
+
+    # add language identifiers using language Unicode
+    العربية = Arabic
+    中文 = Chinese
+    кириллица = Cyrillic
+    Ελληνικά = Greek
+    עִברִית = Hebrew
+    日本語 = Japanese
+    한국어 = Korean
+    ไทย = Thai
+    देवनागरी = Devanagari
+
+    # fmt: on
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/util.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8d3f41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+# util.py
+import inspect
+import warnings
+import types
+import collections
+import itertools
+from functools import lru_cache, wraps
+from typing import Callable, List, Union, Iterable, TypeVar, cast
+
+_bslash = chr(92)
+C = TypeVar("C", bound=Callable)
+
+
+class __config_flags:
+    """Internal class for defining compatibility and debugging flags"""
+
+    _all_names: List[str] = []
+    _fixed_names: List[str] = []
+    _type_desc = "configuration"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _set(cls, dname, value):
+        if dname in cls._fixed_names:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"{cls.__name__}.{dname} {cls._type_desc} is {str(getattr(cls, dname)).upper()}"
+                f" and cannot be overridden",
+                stacklevel=3,
+            )
+            return
+        if dname in cls._all_names:
+            setattr(cls, dname, value)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"no such {cls._type_desc} {dname!r}")
+
+    enable = classmethod(lambda cls, name: cls._set(name, True))
+    disable = classmethod(lambda cls, name: cls._set(name, False))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def col(loc: int, strg: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Returns current column within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+    The first column is number 1.
+
+    Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+    before starting the parsing process.  See
+    :class:`ParserElement.parse_string` for more
+    information on parsing strings containing ``<TAB>`` s, and suggested
+    methods to maintain a consistent view of the parsed string, the parse
+    location, and line and column positions within the parsed string.
+    """
+    s = strg
+    return 1 if 0 < loc < len(s) and s[loc - 1] == "\n" else loc - s.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def lineno(loc: int, strg: str) -> int:
+    """Returns current line number within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+    The first line is number 1.
+
+    Note - the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+    before starting the parsing process.  See :class:`ParserElement.parse_string`
+    for more information on parsing strings containing ``<TAB>`` s, and
+    suggested methods to maintain a consistent view of the parsed string, the
+    parse location, and line and column positions within the parsed string.
+    """
+    return strg.count("\n", 0, loc) + 1
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def line(loc: int, strg: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the line of text containing loc within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+    """
+    last_cr = strg.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+    next_cr = strg.find("\n", loc)
+    return strg[last_cr + 1 : next_cr] if next_cr >= 0 else strg[last_cr + 1 :]
+
+
+class _UnboundedCache:
+    def __init__(self):
+        cache = {}
+        cache_get = cache.get
+        self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+
+        def get(_, key):
+            return cache_get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+        def set_(_, key, value):
+            cache[key] = value
+
+        def clear(_):
+            cache.clear()
+
+        self.size = None
+        self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+        self.set = types.MethodType(set_, self)
+        self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+
+class _FifoCache:
+    def __init__(self, size):
+        self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+        cache = {}
+        keyring = [object()] * size
+        cache_get = cache.get
+        cache_pop = cache.pop
+        keyiter = itertools.cycle(range(size))
+
+        def get(_, key):
+            return cache_get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+        def set_(_, key, value):
+            cache[key] = value
+            i = next(keyiter)
+            cache_pop(keyring[i], None)
+            keyring[i] = key
+
+        def clear(_):
+            cache.clear()
+            keyring[:] = [object()] * size
+
+        self.size = size
+        self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+        self.set = types.MethodType(set_, self)
+        self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+
+class LRUMemo:
+    """
+    A memoizing mapping that retains `capacity` deleted items
+
+    The memo tracks retained items by their access order; once `capacity` items
+    are retained, the least recently used item is discarded.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, capacity):
+        self._capacity = capacity
+        self._active = {}
+        self._memory = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        try:
+            return self._active[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            self._memory.move_to_end(key)
+            return self._memory[key]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self._memory.pop(key, None)
+        self._active[key] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        try:
+            value = self._active.pop(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            while len(self._memory) >= self._capacity:
+                self._memory.popitem(last=False)
+            self._memory[key] = value
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self._active.clear()
+        self._memory.clear()
+
+
+class UnboundedMemo(dict):
+    """
+    A memoizing mapping that retains all deleted items
+    """
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        pass
+
+
+def _escape_regex_range_chars(s: str) -> str:
+    # escape these chars: ^-[]
+    for c in r"\^-[]":
+        s = s.replace(c, _bslash + c)
+    s = s.replace("\n", r"\n")
+    s = s.replace("\t", r"\t")
+    return str(s)
+
+
+def _collapse_string_to_ranges(
+    s: Union[str, Iterable[str]], re_escape: bool = True
+) -> str:
+    def is_consecutive(c):
+        c_int = ord(c)
+        is_consecutive.prev, prev = c_int, is_consecutive.prev
+        if c_int - prev > 1:
+            is_consecutive.value = next(is_consecutive.counter)
+        return is_consecutive.value
+
+    is_consecutive.prev = 0  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+    is_consecutive.counter = itertools.count()  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+    is_consecutive.value = -1  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+
+    def escape_re_range_char(c):
+        return "\\" + c if c in r"\^-][" else c
+
+    def no_escape_re_range_char(c):
+        return c
+
+    if not re_escape:
+        escape_re_range_char = no_escape_re_range_char
+
+    ret = []
+    s = "".join(sorted(set(s)))
+    if len(s) > 3:
+        for _, chars in itertools.groupby(s, key=is_consecutive):
+            first = last = next(chars)
+            last = collections.deque(
+                itertools.chain(iter([last]), chars), maxlen=1
+            ).pop()
+            if first == last:
+                ret.append(escape_re_range_char(first))
+            else:
+                sep = "" if ord(last) == ord(first) + 1 else "-"
+                ret.append(
+                    f"{escape_re_range_char(first)}{sep}{escape_re_range_char(last)}"
+                )
+    else:
+        ret = [escape_re_range_char(c) for c in s]
+
+    return "".join(ret)
+
+
+def _flatten(ll: list) -> list:
+    ret = []
+    for i in ll:
+        if isinstance(i, list):
+            ret.extend(_flatten(i))
+        else:
+            ret.append(i)
+    return ret
+
+
+def _make_synonym_function(compat_name: str, fn: C) -> C:
+    # In a future version, uncomment the code in the internal _inner() functions
+    # to begin emitting DeprecationWarnings.
+
+    # Unwrap staticmethod/classmethod
+    fn = getattr(fn, "__func__", fn)
+
+    # (Presence of 'self' arg in signature is used by explain_exception() methods, so we take
+    # some extra steps to add it if present in decorated function.)
+    if "self" == list(inspect.signature(fn).parameters)[0]:
+
+        @wraps(fn)
+        def _inner(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            # warnings.warn(
+            #     f"Deprecated - use {fn.__name__}", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3
+            # )
+            return fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    else:
+
+        @wraps(fn)
+        def _inner(*args, **kwargs):
+            # warnings.warn(
+            #     f"Deprecated - use {fn.__name__}", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3
+            # )
+            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    _inner.__doc__ = f"""Deprecated - use :class:`{fn.__name__}`"""
+    _inner.__name__ = compat_name
+    _inner.__annotations__ = fn.__annotations__
+    if isinstance(fn, types.FunctionType):
+        _inner.__kwdefaults__ = fn.__kwdefaults__
+    elif isinstance(fn, type) and hasattr(fn, "__init__"):
+        _inner.__kwdefaults__ = fn.__init__.__kwdefaults__
+    else:
+        _inner.__kwdefaults__ = None
+    _inner.__qualname__ = fn.__qualname__
+    return cast(C, _inner)
+
+
+def replaced_by_pep8(fn: C) -> Callable[[Callable], C]:
+    """
+    Decorator for pre-PEP8 compatibility synonyms, to link them to the new function.
+    """
+    return lambda other: _make_synonym_function(other.__name__, fn)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddfcf7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Wrappers to call pyproject.toml-based build backend hooks.
+"""
+
+from ._impl import (
+    BackendInvalid,
+    BackendUnavailable,
+    BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    HookMissing,
+    UnsupportedOperation,
+    default_subprocess_runner,
+    quiet_subprocess_runner,
+)
+
+__version__ = '1.0.0'
+__all__ = [
+    'BackendUnavailable',
+    'BackendInvalid',
+    'HookMissing',
+    'UnsupportedOperation',
+    'default_subprocess_runner',
+    'quiet_subprocess_runner',
+    'BuildBackendHookCaller',
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/_impl.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/_impl.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98394a1
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95e509c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+__all__ = ("tomllib",)
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    from pip._vendor import tomli as tomllib
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b0e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from os.path import abspath
+from os.path import join as pjoin
+from subprocess import STDOUT, check_call, check_output
+
+from ._in_process import _in_proc_script_path
+
+
+def write_json(obj, path, **kwargs):
+    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, **kwargs)
+
+
+def read_json(path):
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+class BackendUnavailable(Exception):
+    """Will be raised if the backend cannot be imported in the hook process."""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+class BackendInvalid(Exception):
+    """Will be raised if the backend is invalid."""
+    def __init__(self, backend_name, backend_path, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.backend_name = backend_name
+        self.backend_path = backend_path
+
+
+class HookMissing(Exception):
+    """Will be raised on missing hooks (if a fallback can't be used)."""
+    def __init__(self, hook_name):
+        super().__init__(hook_name)
+        self.hook_name = hook_name
+
+
+class UnsupportedOperation(Exception):
+    """May be raised by build_sdist if the backend indicates that it can't."""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+def default_subprocess_runner(cmd, cwd=None, extra_environ=None):
+    """The default method of calling the wrapper subprocess.
+
+    This uses :func:`subprocess.check_call` under the hood.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+
+    check_call(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env)
+
+
+def quiet_subprocess_runner(cmd, cwd=None, extra_environ=None):
+    """Call the subprocess while suppressing output.
+
+    This uses :func:`subprocess.check_output` under the hood.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+
+    check_output(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env, stderr=STDOUT)
+
+
+def norm_and_check(source_tree, requested):
+    """Normalise and check a backend path.
+
+    Ensure that the requested backend path is specified as a relative path,
+    and resolves to a location under the given source tree.
+
+    Return an absolute version of the requested path.
+    """
+    if os.path.isabs(requested):
+        raise ValueError("paths must be relative")
+
+    abs_source = os.path.abspath(source_tree)
+    abs_requested = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(abs_source, requested))
+    # We have to use commonprefix for Python 2.7 compatibility. So we
+    # normalise case to avoid problems because commonprefix is a character
+    # based comparison :-(
+    norm_source = os.path.normcase(abs_source)
+    norm_requested = os.path.normcase(abs_requested)
+    if os.path.commonprefix([norm_source, norm_requested]) != norm_source:
+        raise ValueError("paths must be inside source tree")
+
+    return abs_requested
+
+
+class BuildBackendHookCaller:
+    """A wrapper to call the build backend hooks for a source directory.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            source_dir,
+            build_backend,
+            backend_path=None,
+            runner=None,
+            python_executable=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        :param source_dir: The source directory to invoke the build backend for
+        :param build_backend: The build backend spec
+        :param backend_path: Additional path entries for the build backend spec
+        :param runner: The :ref:`subprocess runner <Subprocess Runners>` to use
+        :param python_executable:
+            The Python executable used to invoke the build backend
+        """
+        if runner is None:
+            runner = default_subprocess_runner
+
+        self.source_dir = abspath(source_dir)
+        self.build_backend = build_backend
+        if backend_path:
+            backend_path = [
+                norm_and_check(self.source_dir, p) for p in backend_path
+            ]
+        self.backend_path = backend_path
+        self._subprocess_runner = runner
+        if not python_executable:
+            python_executable = sys.executable
+        self.python_executable = python_executable
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def subprocess_runner(self, runner):
+        """A context manager for temporarily overriding the default
+        :ref:`subprocess runner <Subprocess Runners>`.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            hook_caller = BuildBackendHookCaller(...)
+            with hook_caller.subprocess_runner(quiet_subprocess_runner):
+                ...
+        """
+        prev = self._subprocess_runner
+        self._subprocess_runner = runner
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._subprocess_runner = prev
+
+    def _supported_features(self):
+        """Return the list of optional features supported by the backend."""
+        return self._call_hook('_supported_features', {})
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_wheel(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building a wheel.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not defined a hook with this name, an
+            empty list will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_wheel', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+            self, metadata_directory, config_settings=None,
+            _allow_fallback=True):
+        """Prepare a ``*.dist-info`` folder with metadata for this project.
+
+        :returns: Name of the newly created subfolder within
+                  ``metadata_directory``, containing the metadata.
+        :rtype: str
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not define a hook with this name and
+            ``_allow_fallback`` is truthy, the backend will be asked to build a
+            wheel via the ``build_wheel`` hook and the dist-info extracted from
+            that will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel', {
+            'metadata_directory': abspath(metadata_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            '_allow_fallback': _allow_fallback,
+        })
+
+    def build_wheel(
+            self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
+            metadata_directory=None):
+        """Build a wheel from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created wheel within ``wheel_directory``.
+
+        .. admonition:: Interaction with fallback
+
+            If the ``build_wheel`` hook was called in the fallback for
+            :meth:`prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel`, the build backend would
+            not be invoked. Instead, the previously built wheel will be copied
+            to ``wheel_directory`` and the name of that file will be returned.
+        """
+        if metadata_directory is not None:
+            metadata_directory = abspath(metadata_directory)
+        return self._call_hook('build_wheel', {
+            'wheel_directory': abspath(wheel_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            'metadata_directory': metadata_directory,
+        })
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_editable(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building an editable wheel.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not defined a hook with this name, an
+            empty list will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_editable', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+            self, metadata_directory, config_settings=None,
+            _allow_fallback=True):
+        """Prepare a ``*.dist-info`` folder with metadata for this project.
+
+        :returns: Name of the newly created subfolder within
+                  ``metadata_directory``, containing the metadata.
+        :rtype: str
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not define a hook with this name and
+            ``_allow_fallback`` is truthy, the backend will be asked to build a
+            wheel via the ``build_editable`` hook and the dist-info
+            extracted from that will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('prepare_metadata_for_build_editable', {
+            'metadata_directory': abspath(metadata_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            '_allow_fallback': _allow_fallback,
+        })
+
+    def build_editable(
+            self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
+            metadata_directory=None):
+        """Build an editable wheel from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created wheel within ``wheel_directory``.
+
+        .. admonition:: Interaction with fallback
+
+            If the ``build_editable`` hook was called in the fallback for
+            :meth:`prepare_metadata_for_build_editable`, the build backend
+            would not be invoked. Instead, the previously built wheel will be
+            copied to ``wheel_directory`` and the name of that file will be
+            returned.
+        """
+        if metadata_directory is not None:
+            metadata_directory = abspath(metadata_directory)
+        return self._call_hook('build_editable', {
+            'wheel_directory': abspath(wheel_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            'metadata_directory': metadata_directory,
+        })
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_sdist(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building an sdist.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_sdist', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def build_sdist(self, sdist_directory, config_settings=None):
+        """Build an sdist from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created sdist within ``wheel_directory``.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('build_sdist', {
+            'sdist_directory': abspath(sdist_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+        })
+
+    def _call_hook(self, hook_name, kwargs):
+        extra_environ = {'PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND': self.build_backend}
+
+        if self.backend_path:
+            backend_path = os.pathsep.join(self.backend_path)
+            extra_environ['PEP517_BACKEND_PATH'] = backend_path
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            hook_input = {'kwargs': kwargs}
+            write_json(hook_input, pjoin(td, 'input.json'), indent=2)
+
+            # Run the hook in a subprocess
+            with _in_proc_script_path() as script:
+                python = self.python_executable
+                self._subprocess_runner(
+                    [python, abspath(str(script)), hook_name, td],
+                    cwd=self.source_dir,
+                    extra_environ=extra_environ
+                )
+
+            data = read_json(pjoin(td, 'output.json'))
+            if data.get('unsupported'):
+                raise UnsupportedOperation(data.get('traceback', ''))
+            if data.get('no_backend'):
+                raise BackendUnavailable(data.get('traceback', ''))
+            if data.get('backend_invalid'):
+                raise BackendInvalid(
+                    backend_name=self.build_backend,
+                    backend_path=self.backend_path,
+                    message=data.get('backend_error', '')
+                )
+            if data.get('hook_missing'):
+                raise HookMissing(data.get('missing_hook_name') or hook_name)
+            return data['return_val']
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917fa06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""This is a subpackage because the directory is on sys.path for _in_process.py
+
+The subpackage should stay as empty as possible to avoid shadowing modules that
+the backend might import.
+"""
+
+import importlib.resources as resources
+
+try:
+    resources.files
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 3.8 compatibility
+    def _in_proc_script_path():
+        return resources.path(__package__, '_in_process.py')
+else:
+    def _in_proc_script_path():
+        return resources.as_file(
+            resources.files(__package__).joinpath('_in_process.py'))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/_in_process.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/_in_process.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c02c8b
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee511ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+"""This is invoked in a subprocess to call the build backend hooks.
+
+It expects:
+- Command line args: hook_name, control_dir
+- Environment variables:
+      PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND=entry.point:spec
+      PEP517_BACKEND_PATH=paths (separated with os.pathsep)
+- control_dir/input.json:
+  - {"kwargs": {...}}
+
+Results:
+- control_dir/output.json
+  - {"return_val": ...}
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import traceback
+from glob import glob
+from importlib import import_module
+from os.path import join as pjoin
+
+# This file is run as a script, and `import wrappers` is not zip-safe, so we
+# include write_json() and read_json() from wrappers.py.
+
+
+def write_json(obj, path, **kwargs):
+    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, **kwargs)
+
+
+def read_json(path):
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+class BackendUnavailable(Exception):
+    """Raised if we cannot import the backend"""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+class BackendInvalid(Exception):
+    """Raised if the backend is invalid"""
+    def __init__(self, message):
+        self.message = message
+
+
+class HookMissing(Exception):
+    """Raised if a hook is missing and we are not executing the fallback"""
+    def __init__(self, hook_name=None):
+        super().__init__(hook_name)
+        self.hook_name = hook_name
+
+
+def contained_in(filename, directory):
+    """Test if a file is located within the given directory."""
+    filename = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(filename))
+    directory = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(directory))
+    return os.path.commonprefix([filename, directory]) == directory
+
+
+def _build_backend():
+    """Find and load the build backend"""
+    # Add in-tree backend directories to the front of sys.path.
+    backend_path = os.environ.get('PEP517_BACKEND_PATH')
+    if backend_path:
+        extra_pathitems = backend_path.split(os.pathsep)
+        sys.path[:0] = extra_pathitems
+
+    ep = os.environ['PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND']
+    mod_path, _, obj_path = ep.partition(':')
+    try:
+        obj = import_module(mod_path)
+    except ImportError:
+        raise BackendUnavailable(traceback.format_exc())
+
+    if backend_path:
+        if not any(
+            contained_in(obj.__file__, path)
+            for path in extra_pathitems
+        ):
+            raise BackendInvalid("Backend was not loaded from backend-path")
+
+    if obj_path:
+        for path_part in obj_path.split('.'):
+            obj = getattr(obj, path_part)
+    return obj
+
+
+def _supported_features():
+    """Return the list of options features supported by the backend.
+
+    Returns a list of strings.
+    The only possible value is 'build_editable'.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    features = []
+    if hasattr(backend, "build_editable"):
+        features.append("build_editable")
+    return features
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_wheel hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_editable(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_editable hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+        metadata_directory, config_settings, _allow_fallback):
+    """Invoke optional prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
+
+    Implements a fallback by building a wheel if the hook isn't defined,
+    unless _allow_fallback is False in which case HookMissing is raised.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
+    except AttributeError:
+        if not _allow_fallback:
+            raise HookMissing()
+    else:
+        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+    # fallback to build_wheel outside the try block to avoid exception chaining
+    # which can be confusing to users and is not relevant
+    whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+    return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(whl_basename, metadata_directory,
+                                          config_settings)
+
+
+def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+        metadata_directory, config_settings, _allow_fallback):
+    """Invoke optional prepare_metadata_for_build_editable
+
+    Implements a fallback by building an editable wheel if the hook isn't
+    defined, unless _allow_fallback is False in which case HookMissing is
+    raised.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        if not _allow_fallback:
+            raise HookMissing()
+        try:
+            build_hook = backend.build_editable
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise HookMissing(hook_name='build_editable')
+        else:
+            whl_basename = build_hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+            return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(whl_basename,
+                                                  metadata_directory,
+                                                  config_settings)
+    else:
+        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+
+
+WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER = 'PEP517_ALREADY_BUILT_WHEEL'
+
+
+def _dist_info_files(whl_zip):
+    """Identify the .dist-info folder inside a wheel ZipFile."""
+    res = []
+    for path in whl_zip.namelist():
+        m = re.match(r'[^/\\]+-[^/\\]+\.dist-info/', path)
+        if m:
+            res.append(path)
+    if res:
+        return res
+    raise Exception("No .dist-info folder found in wheel")
+
+
+def _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(
+        whl_basename, metadata_directory, config_settings):
+    """Extract the metadata from a wheel.
+
+    Fallback for when the build backend does not
+    define the 'get_wheel_metadata' hook.
+    """
+    from zipfile import ZipFile
+    with open(os.path.join(metadata_directory, WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER), 'wb'):
+        pass  # Touch marker file
+
+    whl_file = os.path.join(metadata_directory, whl_basename)
+    with ZipFile(whl_file) as zipf:
+        dist_info = _dist_info_files(zipf)
+        zipf.extractall(path=metadata_directory, members=dist_info)
+    return dist_info[0].split('/')[0]
+
+
+def _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory):
+    """Check for a wheel already built during the get_wheel_metadata hook.
+    """
+    if not metadata_directory:
+        return None
+    metadata_parent = os.path.dirname(metadata_directory)
+    if not os.path.isfile(pjoin(metadata_parent, WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER)):
+        return None
+
+    whl_files = glob(os.path.join(metadata_parent, '*.whl'))
+    if not whl_files:
+        print('Found wheel built marker, but no .whl files')
+        return None
+    if len(whl_files) > 1:
+        print('Found multiple .whl files; unspecified behaviour. '
+              'Will call build_wheel.')
+        return None
+
+    # Exactly one .whl file
+    return whl_files[0]
+
+
+def build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory=None):
+    """Invoke the mandatory build_wheel hook.
+
+    If a wheel was already built in the
+    prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel fallback, this
+    will copy it rather than rebuilding the wheel.
+    """
+    prebuilt_whl = _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory)
+    if prebuilt_whl:
+        shutil.copy2(prebuilt_whl, wheel_directory)
+        return os.path.basename(prebuilt_whl)
+
+    return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
+                                        metadata_directory)
+
+
+def build_editable(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory=None):
+    """Invoke the optional build_editable hook.
+
+    If a wheel was already built in the
+    prepare_metadata_for_build_editable fallback, this
+    will copy it rather than rebuilding the wheel.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise HookMissing()
+    else:
+        prebuilt_whl = _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory)
+        if prebuilt_whl:
+            shutil.copy2(prebuilt_whl, wheel_directory)
+            return os.path.basename(prebuilt_whl)
+
+        return hook(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_wheel hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_sdist
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+class _DummyException(Exception):
+    """Nothing should ever raise this exception"""
+
+
+class GotUnsupportedOperation(Exception):
+    """For internal use when backend raises UnsupportedOperation"""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+def build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings):
+    """Invoke the mandatory build_sdist hook."""
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        return backend.build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings)
+    except getattr(backend, 'UnsupportedOperation', _DummyException):
+        raise GotUnsupportedOperation(traceback.format_exc())
+
+
+HOOK_NAMES = {
+    'get_requires_for_build_wheel',
+    'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel',
+    'build_wheel',
+    'get_requires_for_build_editable',
+    'prepare_metadata_for_build_editable',
+    'build_editable',
+    'get_requires_for_build_sdist',
+    'build_sdist',
+    '_supported_features',
+}
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
+        sys.exit("Needs args: hook_name, control_dir")
+    hook_name = sys.argv[1]
+    control_dir = sys.argv[2]
+    if hook_name not in HOOK_NAMES:
+        sys.exit("Unknown hook: %s" % hook_name)
+    hook = globals()[hook_name]
+
+    hook_input = read_json(pjoin(control_dir, 'input.json'))
+
+    json_out = {'unsupported': False, 'return_val': None}
+    try:
+        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
+    except BackendUnavailable as e:
+        json_out['no_backend'] = True
+        json_out['traceback'] = e.traceback
+    except BackendInvalid as e:
+        json_out['backend_invalid'] = True
+        json_out['backend_error'] = e.message
+    except GotUnsupportedOperation as e:
+        json_out['unsupported'] = True
+        json_out['traceback'] = e.traceback
+    except HookMissing as e:
+        json_out['hook_missing'] = True
+        json_out['missing_hook_name'] = e.hook_name or hook_name
+
+    write_json(json_out, pjoin(control_dir, 'output.json'), indent=2)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10ff67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#   __
+#  /__)  _  _     _   _ _/   _
+# / (   (- (/ (/ (- _)  /  _)
+#          /
+
+"""
+Requests HTTP Library
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.
+Basic GET usage:
+
+   >>> import requests
+   >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
+   >>> r.status_code
+   200
+   >>> b'Python is a programming language' in r.content
+   True
+
+... or POST:
+
+   >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+   >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
+   >>> print(r.text)
+   {
+     ...
+     "form": {
+       "key1": "value1",
+       "key2": "value2"
+     },
+     ...
+   }
+
+The other HTTP methods are supported - see `requests.api`. Full documentation
+is at <https://requests.readthedocs.io>.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2017 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+import warnings
+
+from pip._vendor import urllib3
+
+from .exceptions import RequestsDependencyWarning
+
+charset_normalizer_version = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.chardet import __version__ as chardet_version
+except ImportError:
+    chardet_version = None
+
+
+def check_compatibility(urllib3_version, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version):
+    urllib3_version = urllib3_version.split(".")
+    assert urllib3_version != ["dev"]  # Verify urllib3 isn't installed from git.
+
+    # Sometimes, urllib3 only reports its version as 16.1.
+    if len(urllib3_version) == 2:
+        urllib3_version.append("0")
+
+    # Check urllib3 for compatibility.
+    major, minor, patch = urllib3_version  # noqa: F811
+    major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+    # urllib3 >= 1.21.1
+    assert major >= 1
+    if major == 1:
+        assert minor >= 21
+
+    # Check charset_normalizer for compatibility.
+    if chardet_version:
+        major, minor, patch = chardet_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # chardet_version >= 3.0.2, < 6.0.0
+        assert (3, 0, 2) <= (major, minor, patch) < (6, 0, 0)
+    elif charset_normalizer_version:
+        major, minor, patch = charset_normalizer_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # charset_normalizer >= 2.0.0 < 4.0.0
+        assert (2, 0, 0) <= (major, minor, patch) < (4, 0, 0)
+    else:
+        raise Exception("You need either charset_normalizer or chardet installed")
+
+
+def _check_cryptography(cryptography_version):
+    # cryptography < 1.3.4
+    try:
+        cryptography_version = list(map(int, cryptography_version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        return
+
+    if cryptography_version < [1, 3, 4]:
+        warning = "Old version of cryptography ({}) may cause slowdown.".format(
+            cryptography_version
+        )
+        warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning)
+
+
+# Check imported dependencies for compatibility.
+try:
+    check_compatibility(
+        urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
+    )
+except (AssertionError, ValueError):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "urllib3 ({}) or chardet ({})/charset_normalizer ({}) doesn't match a supported "
+        "version!".format(
+            urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
+        ),
+        RequestsDependencyWarning,
+    )
+
+# Attempt to enable urllib3's fallback for SNI support
+# if the standard library doesn't support SNI or the
+# 'ssl' library isn't available.
+try:
+    # Note: This logic prevents upgrading cryptography on Windows, if imported
+    #       as part of pip.
+    from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        raise ImportError("pip internals: don't import cryptography on Windows")
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        ssl = None
+
+    if not getattr(ssl, "HAS_SNI", False):
+        from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+        # Check cryptography version
+        from cryptography import __version__ as cryptography_version
+
+        _check_cryptography(cryptography_version)
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+# urllib3's DependencyWarnings should be silenced.
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DependencyWarning)
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import packages, utils
+from .__version__ import (
+    __author__,
+    __author_email__,
+    __build__,
+    __cake__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __description__,
+    __license__,
+    __title__,
+    __url__,
+    __version__,
+)
+from .api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    FileModeWarning,
+    HTTPError,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RequestException,
+    Timeout,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    URLRequired,
+)
+from .models import PreparedRequest, Request, Response
+from .sessions import Session, session
+from .status_codes import codes
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+# FileModeWarnings go off per the default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", FileModeWarning, append=True)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5063c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# .-. .-. .-. . . .-. .-. .-. .-.
+# |(  |-  |.| | | |-  `-.  |  `-.
+# ' ' `-' `-`.`-' `-' `-'  '  `-'
+
+__title__ = "requests"
+__description__ = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+__url__ = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
+__version__ = "2.31.0"
+__build__ = 0x023100
+__author__ = "Kenneth Reitz"
+__author_email__ = "me@kennethreitz.org"
+__license__ = "Apache 2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright Kenneth Reitz"
+__cake__ = "\u2728 \U0001f370 \u2728"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2cf635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""
+requests._internal_utils
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Provides utility functions that are consumed internally by Requests
+which depend on extremely few external helpers (such as compat)
+"""
+import re
+
+from .compat import builtin_str
+
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR)
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE)
+HEADER_VALIDATORS = {
+    bytes: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    str: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+}
+
+
+def to_native_string(string, encoding="ascii"):
+    """Given a string object, regardless of type, returns a representation of
+    that string in the native string type, encoding and decoding where
+    necessary. This assumes ASCII unless told otherwise.
+    """
+    if isinstance(string, builtin_str):
+        out = string
+    else:
+        out = string.decode(encoding)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def unicode_is_ascii(u_string):
+    """Determine if unicode string only contains ASCII characters.
+
+    :param str u_string: unicode string to check. Must be unicode
+        and not Python 2 `str`.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    assert isinstance(u_string, str)
+    try:
+        u_string.encode("ascii")
+        return True
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10c1767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+"""
+requests.adapters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the transport adapters that Requests uses to define
+and maintain connections.
+"""
+
+import os.path
+import socket  # noqa: F401
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ClosedPoolError, ConnectTimeoutError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InvalidHeader as _InvalidHeader
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import (
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ProxyError as _ProxyError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ReadTimeoutError, ResponseError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import SSLError as _SSLError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import parse_url
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util.retry import Retry
+
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .compat import basestring, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidProxyURL,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    InvalidURL,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RetryError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .models import Response
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH,
+    extract_zipped_paths,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_encoding_from_headers,
+    prepend_scheme_if_needed,
+    select_proxy,
+    urldefragauth,
+)
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.socks import SOCKSProxyManager
+except ImportError:
+
+    def SOCKSProxyManager(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise InvalidSchema("Missing dependencies for SOCKS support.")
+
+
+DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK = False
+DEFAULT_POOLSIZE = 10
+DEFAULT_RETRIES = 0
+DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT = None
+
+
+class BaseAdapter:
+    """The Base Transport Adapter"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def send(
+        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
+    ):
+        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
+        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Cleans up adapter specific items."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
+    """The built-in HTTP Adapter for urllib3.
+
+    Provides a general-case interface for Requests sessions to contact HTTP and
+    HTTPS urls by implementing the Transport Adapter interface. This class will
+    usually be created by the :class:`Session <Session>` class under the
+    covers.
+
+    :param pool_connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
+    :param pool_maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
+    :param max_retries: The maximum number of retries each connection
+        should attempt. Note, this applies only to failed DNS lookups, socket
+        connections and connection timeouts, never to requests where data has
+        made it to the server. By default, Requests does not retry failed
+        connections. If you need granular control over the conditions under
+        which we retry a request, import urllib3's ``Retry`` class and pass
+        that instead.
+    :param pool_block: Whether the connection pool should block for connections.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3)
+      >>> s.mount('http://', a)
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "max_retries",
+        "config",
+        "_pool_connections",
+        "_pool_maxsize",
+        "_pool_block",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pool_connections=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        pool_maxsize=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        max_retries=DEFAULT_RETRIES,
+        pool_block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+    ):
+        if max_retries == DEFAULT_RETRIES:
+            self.max_retries = Retry(0, read=False)
+        else:
+            self.max_retries = Retry.from_int(max_retries)
+        self.config = {}
+        self.proxy_manager = {}
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self._pool_connections = pool_connections
+        self._pool_maxsize = pool_maxsize
+        self._pool_block = pool_block
+
+        self.init_poolmanager(pool_connections, pool_maxsize, block=pool_block)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        # Can't handle by adding 'proxy_manager' to self.__attrs__ because
+        # self.poolmanager uses a lambda function, which isn't pickleable.
+        self.proxy_manager = {}
+        self.config = {}
+
+        for attr, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+
+        self.init_poolmanager(
+            self._pool_connections, self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block
+        )
+
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self, connections, maxsize, block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, **pool_kwargs
+    ):
+        """Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager.
+
+        This method should not be called from user code, and is only
+        exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
+        :param maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
+        :param block: Block when no free connections are available.
+        :param pool_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to initialize the Pool Manager.
+        """
+        # save these values for pickling
+        self._pool_connections = connections
+        self._pool_maxsize = maxsize
+        self._pool_block = block
+
+        self.poolmanager = PoolManager(
+            num_pools=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy, **proxy_kwargs):
+        """Return urllib3 ProxyManager for the given proxy.
+
+        This method should not be called from user code, and is only
+        exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param proxy: The proxy to return a urllib3 ProxyManager for.
+        :param proxy_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to configure the Proxy Manager.
+        :returns: ProxyManager
+        :rtype: urllib3.ProxyManager
+        """
+        if proxy in self.proxy_manager:
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy]
+        elif proxy.lower().startswith("socks"):
+            username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = SOCKSProxyManager(
+                proxy,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                num_pools=self._pool_connections,
+                maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
+                block=self._pool_block,
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            proxy_headers = self.proxy_headers(proxy)
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = proxy_from_url(
+                proxy,
+                proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+                num_pools=self._pool_connections,
+                maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
+                block=self._pool_block,
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
+
+        return manager
+
+    def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
+        """Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user
+        code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param conn: The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
+        :param url: The requested URL.
+        :param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
+        """
+        if url.lower().startswith("https") and verify:
+
+            cert_loc = None
+
+            # Allow self-specified cert location.
+            if verify is not True:
+                cert_loc = verify
+
+            if not cert_loc:
+                cert_loc = extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH)
+
+            if not cert_loc or not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
+                    f"invalid path: {cert_loc}"
+                )
+
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+
+            if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
+                conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
+            else:
+                conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
+        else:
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
+            conn.ca_certs = None
+            conn.ca_cert_dir = None
+
+        if cert:
+            if not isinstance(cert, basestring):
+                conn.cert_file = cert[0]
+                conn.key_file = cert[1]
+            else:
+                conn.cert_file = cert
+                conn.key_file = None
+            if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
+                    f"invalid path: {conn.cert_file}"
+                )
+            if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS key file, invalid path: {conn.key_file}"
+                )
+
+    def build_response(self, req, resp):
+        """Builds a :class:`Response <requests.Response>` object from a urllib3
+        response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed
+        for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`
+
+        :param req: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` used to generate the response.
+        :param resp: The urllib3 response object.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        response = Response()
+
+        # Fallback to None if there's no status_code, for whatever reason.
+        response.status_code = getattr(resp, "status", None)
+
+        # Make headers case-insensitive.
+        response.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(getattr(resp, "headers", {}))
+
+        # Set encoding.
+        response.encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
+        response.raw = resp
+        response.reason = response.raw.reason
+
+        if isinstance(req.url, bytes):
+            response.url = req.url.decode("utf-8")
+        else:
+            response.url = req.url
+
+        # Add new cookies from the server.
+        extract_cookies_to_jar(response.cookies, req, resp)
+
+        # Give the Response some context.
+        response.request = req
+        response.connection = self
+
+        return response
+
+    def get_connection(self, url, proxies=None):
+        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
+        called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param url: The URL to connect to.
+        :param proxies: (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
+        :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool
+        """
+        proxy = select_proxy(url, proxies)
+
+        if proxy:
+            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http")
+            proxy_url = parse_url(proxy)
+            if not proxy_url.host:
+                raise InvalidProxyURL(
+                    "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed "
+                    "and could be missing the host."
+                )
+            proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy)
+            conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_url(url)
+        else:
+            # Only scheme should be lower case
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            url = parsed.geturl()
+            conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_url(url)
+
+        return conn
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Disposes of any internal state.
+
+        Currently, this closes the PoolManager and any active ProxyManager,
+        which closes any pooled connections.
+        """
+        self.poolmanager.clear()
+        for proxy in self.proxy_manager.values():
+            proxy.clear()
+
+    def request_url(self, request, proxies):
+        """Obtain the url to use when making the final request.
+
+        If the message is being sent through a HTTP proxy, the full URL has to
+        be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
+        scheme = urlparse(request.url).scheme
+
+        is_proxied_http_request = proxy and scheme != "https"
+        using_socks_proxy = False
+        if proxy:
+            proxy_scheme = urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower()
+            using_socks_proxy = proxy_scheme.startswith("socks")
+
+        url = request.path_url
+        if is_proxied_http_request and not using_socks_proxy:
+            url = urldefragauth(request.url)
+
+        return url
+
+    def add_headers(self, request, **kwargs):
+        """Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does
+        nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass
+        the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` to add headers to.
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments from the call to send().
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def proxy_headers(self, proxy):
+        """Returns a dictionary of the headers to add to any request sent
+        through a proxy. This works with urllib3 magic to ensure that they are
+        correctly sent to the proxy, rather than in a tunnelled request if
+        CONNECT is being used.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param proxy: The url of the proxy being used for this request.
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        headers = {}
+        username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
+
+        if username:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def send(
+        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
+    ):
+        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
+            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
+            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
+        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        try:
+            conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
+        except LocationValueError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
+
+        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
+        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
+        self.add_headers(
+            request,
+            stream=stream,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            proxies=proxies,
+        )
+
+        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
+
+        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            try:
+                connect, read = timeout
+                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
+                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
+                )
+        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
+            pass
+        else:
+            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
+
+        try:
+            resp = conn.urlopen(
+                method=request.method,
+                url=url,
+                body=request.body,
+                headers=request.headers,
+                redirect=False,
+                assert_same_host=False,
+                preload_content=False,
+                decode_content=False,
+                retries=self.max_retries,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
+
+        except (ProtocolError, OSError) as err:
+            raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
+
+        except MaxRetryError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError):
+                # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811
+                if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError):
+                    raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError):
+                raise RetryError(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
+                raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
+                # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
+                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
+
+            raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
+
+        except ClosedPoolError as e:
+            raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
+
+        except _ProxyError as e:
+            raise ProxyError(e)
+
+        except (_SSLError, _HTTPError) as e:
+            if isinstance(e, _SSLError):
+                # This branch is for urllib3 versions earlier than v1.22
+                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError):
+                raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, _InvalidHeader):
+                raise InvalidHeader(e, request=request)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        return self.build_response(request, resp)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd0b3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""
+requests.api
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module implements the Requests API.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2012 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache2, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+from . import sessions
+
+
+def request(method, url, **kwargs):
+    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.
+
+    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object: ``GET``, ``OPTIONS``, ``HEAD``, ``POST``, ``PUT``, ``PATCH``, or ``DELETE``.
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
+        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
+    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
+    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
+        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
+        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
+        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
+        to add for the file.
+    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
+    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
+        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
+        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+    :type timeout: float or tuple
+    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type allow_redirects: bool
+    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
+    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
+    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> req
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
+    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
+    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
+    with sessions.Session() as session:
+        return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a GET request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
+        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
+
+
+def options(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends an OPTIONS request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("options", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def head(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a HEAD request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. If
+        `allow_redirects` is not provided, it will be set to `False` (as
+        opposed to the default :meth:`request` behavior).
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+    return request("head", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a POST request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+
+
+def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a PUT request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+
+def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a PATCH request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("patch", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+
+def delete(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a DELETE request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("delete", url, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9733686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+"""
+requests.auth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the authentication handlers for Requests.
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import threading
+import time
+import warnings
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import basestring, str, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .utils import parse_dict_header
+
+CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URLENCODED = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+CONTENT_TYPE_MULTI_PART = "multipart/form-data"
+
+
+def _basic_auth_str(username, password):
+    """Returns a Basic Auth string."""
+
+    # "I want us to put a big-ol' comment on top of it that
+    # says that this behaviour is dumb but we need to preserve
+    # it because people are relying on it."
+    #    - Lukasa
+    #
+    # These are here solely to maintain backwards compatibility
+    # for things like ints. This will be removed in 3.0.0.
+    if not isinstance(username, basestring):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string usernames will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.".format(username),
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        username = str(username)
+
+    if not isinstance(password, basestring):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string passwords will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.".format(type(password)),
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        password = str(password)
+    # -- End Removal --
+
+    if isinstance(username, str):
+        username = username.encode("latin1")
+
+    if isinstance(password, str):
+        password = password.encode("latin1")
+
+    authstr = "Basic " + to_native_string(
+        b64encode(b":".join((username, password))).strip()
+    )
+
+    return authstr
+
+
+class AuthBase:
+    """Base class that all auth implementations derive from"""
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Auth hooks must be callable.")
+
+
+class HTTPBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Basic Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, username, password):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        r.headers["Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPProxyAuth(HTTPBasicAuth):
+    """Attaches HTTP Proxy Authentication to a given Request object."""
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        r.headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPDigestAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Digest Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, username, password):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        # Keep state in per-thread local storage
+        self._thread_local = threading.local()
+
+    def init_per_thread_state(self):
+        # Ensure state is initialized just once per-thread
+        if not hasattr(self._thread_local, "init"):
+            self._thread_local.init = True
+            self._thread_local.last_nonce = ""
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 0
+            self._thread_local.chal = {}
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = None
+
+    def build_digest_header(self, method, url):
+        """
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+
+        realm = self._thread_local.chal["realm"]
+        nonce = self._thread_local.chal["nonce"]
+        qop = self._thread_local.chal.get("qop")
+        algorithm = self._thread_local.chal.get("algorithm")
+        opaque = self._thread_local.chal.get("opaque")
+        hash_utf8 = None
+
+        if algorithm is None:
+            _algorithm = "MD5"
+        else:
+            _algorithm = algorithm.upper()
+        # lambdas assume digest modules are imported at the top level
+        if _algorithm == "MD5" or _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+
+            def md5_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.md5(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = md5_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA":
+
+            def sha_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha1(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-256":
+
+            def sha256_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha256(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha256_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-512":
+
+            def sha512_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha512(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha512_utf8
+
+        KD = lambda s, d: hash_utf8(f"{s}:{d}")  # noqa:E731
+
+        if hash_utf8 is None:
+            return None
+
+        # XXX not implemented yet
+        entdig = None
+        p_parsed = urlparse(url)
+        #: path is request-uri defined in RFC 2616 which should not be empty
+        path = p_parsed.path or "/"
+        if p_parsed.query:
+            path += f"?{p_parsed.query}"
+
+        A1 = f"{self.username}:{realm}:{self.password}"
+        A2 = f"{method}:{path}"
+
+        HA1 = hash_utf8(A1)
+        HA2 = hash_utf8(A2)
+
+        if nonce == self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count += 1
+        else:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 1
+        ncvalue = f"{self._thread_local.nonce_count:08x}"
+        s = str(self._thread_local.nonce_count).encode("utf-8")
+        s += nonce.encode("utf-8")
+        s += time.ctime().encode("utf-8")
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        cnonce = hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16]
+        if _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+            HA1 = hash_utf8(f"{HA1}:{nonce}:{cnonce}")
+
+        if not qop:
+            respdig = KD(HA1, f"{nonce}:{HA2}")
+        elif qop == "auth" or "auth" in qop.split(","):
+            noncebit = f"{nonce}:{ncvalue}:{cnonce}:auth:{HA2}"
+            respdig = KD(HA1, noncebit)
+        else:
+            # XXX handle auth-int.
+            return None
+
+        self._thread_local.last_nonce = nonce
+
+        # XXX should the partial digests be encoded too?
+        base = (
+            f'username="{self.username}", realm="{realm}", nonce="{nonce}", '
+            f'uri="{path}", response="{respdig}"'
+        )
+        if opaque:
+            base += f', opaque="{opaque}"'
+        if algorithm:
+            base += f', algorithm="{algorithm}"'
+        if entdig:
+            base += f', digest="{entdig}"'
+        if qop:
+            base += f', qop="auth", nc={ncvalue}, cnonce="{cnonce}"'
+
+        return f"Digest {base}"
+
+    def handle_redirect(self, r, **kwargs):
+        """Reset num_401_calls counter on redirects."""
+        if r.is_redirect:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+    def handle_401(self, r, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Takes the given response and tries digest-auth, if needed.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        # If response is not 4xx, do not auth
+        # See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3772
+        if not 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+            return r
+
+        if self._thread_local.pos is not None:
+            # Rewind the file position indicator of the body to where
+            # it was to resend the request.
+            r.request.body.seek(self._thread_local.pos)
+        s_auth = r.headers.get("www-authenticate", "")
+
+        if "digest" in s_auth.lower() and self._thread_local.num_401_calls < 2:
+
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls += 1
+            pat = re.compile(r"digest ", flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+            self._thread_local.chal = parse_dict_header(pat.sub("", s_auth, count=1))
+
+            # Consume content and release the original connection
+            # to allow our new request to reuse the same one.
+            r.content
+            r.close()
+            prep = r.request.copy()
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(prep._cookies, r.request, r.raw)
+            prep.prepare_cookies(prep._cookies)
+
+            prep.headers["Authorization"] = self.build_digest_header(
+                prep.method, prep.url
+            )
+            _r = r.connection.send(prep, **kwargs)
+            _r.history.append(r)
+            _r.request = prep
+
+            return _r
+
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+        return r
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        # Initialize per-thread state, if needed
+        self.init_per_thread_state()
+        # If we have a saved nonce, skip the 401
+        if self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            r.headers["Authorization"] = self.build_digest_header(r.method, r.url)
+        try:
+            self._thread_local.pos = r.body.tell()
+        except AttributeError:
+            # In the case of HTTPDigestAuth being reused and the body of
+            # the previous request was a file-like object, pos has the
+            # file position of the previous body. Ensure it's set to
+            # None.
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_redirect)
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+        return r
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38696a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+requests.certs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the preferred default CA certificate bundle. There is
+only one — the one from the certifi package.
+
+If you are packaging Requests, e.g., for a Linux distribution or a managed
+environment, you can change the definition of where() to return a separately
+packaged CA bundle.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+if "_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT" not in os.environ:
+    from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+else:
+    def where():
+        return os.environ["_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT"]
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(where())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ab2bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""
+requests.compat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module previously handled import compatibility issues
+between Python 2 and Python 3. It remains for backwards
+compatibility until the next major version.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor import chardet
+
+import sys
+
+# -------
+# Pythons
+# -------
+
+# Syntax sugar.
+_ver = sys.version_info
+
+#: Python 2.x?
+is_py2 = _ver[0] == 2
+
+#: Python 3.x?
+is_py3 = _ver[0] == 3
+
+# Note: We've patched out simplejson support in pip because it prevents
+#       upgrading simplejson on Windows.
+import json
+from json import JSONDecodeError
+
+# Keep OrderedDict for backwards compatibility.
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from http import cookiejar as cookielib
+from http.cookies import Morsel
+from io import StringIO
+
+# --------------
+# Legacy Imports
+# --------------
+from urllib.parse import (
+    quote,
+    quote_plus,
+    unquote,
+    unquote_plus,
+    urldefrag,
+    urlencode,
+    urljoin,
+    urlparse,
+    urlsplit,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from urllib.request import (
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    parse_http_list,
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,
+)
+
+builtin_str = str
+str = str
+bytes = bytes
+basestring = (str, bytes)
+numeric_types = (int, float)
+integer_types = (int,)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf54ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+"""
+requests.cookies
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Compatibility code to be able to use `cookielib.CookieJar` with requests.
+
+requests.utils imports from here, so be careful with imports.
+"""
+
+import calendar
+import copy
+import time
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import Morsel, MutableMapping, cookielib, urlparse, urlunparse
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+
+
+class MockRequest:
+    """Wraps a `requests.Request` to mimic a `urllib2.Request`.
+
+    The code in `cookielib.CookieJar` expects this interface in order to correctly
+    manage cookie policies, i.e., determine whether a cookie can be set, given the
+    domains of the request and the cookie.
+
+    The original request object is read-only. The client is responsible for collecting
+    the new headers via `get_new_headers()` and interpreting them appropriately. You
+    probably want `get_cookie_header`, defined below.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request):
+        self._r = request
+        self._new_headers = {}
+        self.type = urlparse(self._r.url).scheme
+
+    def get_type(self):
+        return self.type
+
+    def get_host(self):
+        return urlparse(self._r.url).netloc
+
+    def get_origin_req_host(self):
+        return self.get_host()
+
+    def get_full_url(self):
+        # Only return the response's URL if the user hadn't set the Host
+        # header
+        if not self._r.headers.get("Host"):
+            return self._r.url
+        # If they did set it, retrieve it and reconstruct the expected domain
+        host = to_native_string(self._r.headers["Host"], encoding="utf-8")
+        parsed = urlparse(self._r.url)
+        # Reconstruct the URL as we expect it
+        return urlunparse(
+            [
+                parsed.scheme,
+                host,
+                parsed.path,
+                parsed.params,
+                parsed.query,
+                parsed.fragment,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def is_unverifiable(self):
+        return True
+
+    def has_header(self, name):
+        return name in self._r.headers or name in self._new_headers
+
+    def get_header(self, name, default=None):
+        return self._r.headers.get(name, self._new_headers.get(name, default))
+
+    def add_header(self, key, val):
+        """cookielib has no legitimate use for this method; add it back if you find one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Cookie headers should be added with add_unredirected_header()"
+        )
+
+    def add_unredirected_header(self, name, value):
+        self._new_headers[name] = value
+
+    def get_new_headers(self):
+        return self._new_headers
+
+    @property
+    def unverifiable(self):
+        return self.is_unverifiable()
+
+    @property
+    def origin_req_host(self):
+        return self.get_origin_req_host()
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        return self.get_host()
+
+
+class MockResponse:
+    """Wraps a `httplib.HTTPMessage` to mimic a `urllib.addinfourl`.
+
+    ...what? Basically, expose the parsed HTTP headers from the server response
+    the way `cookielib` expects to see them.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers):
+        """Make a MockResponse for `cookielib` to read.
+
+        :param headers: a httplib.HTTPMessage or analogous carrying the headers
+        """
+        self._headers = headers
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self._headers
+
+    def getheaders(self, name):
+        self._headers.getheaders(name)
+
+
+def extract_cookies_to_jar(jar, request, response):
+    """Extract the cookies from the response into a CookieJar.
+
+    :param jar: cookielib.CookieJar (not necessarily a RequestsCookieJar)
+    :param request: our own requests.Request object
+    :param response: urllib3.HTTPResponse object
+    """
+    if not (hasattr(response, "_original_response") and response._original_response):
+        return
+    # the _original_response field is the wrapped httplib.HTTPResponse object,
+    req = MockRequest(request)
+    # pull out the HTTPMessage with the headers and put it in the mock:
+    res = MockResponse(response._original_response.msg)
+    jar.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+
+def get_cookie_header(jar, request):
+    """
+    Produce an appropriate Cookie header string to be sent with `request`, or None.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    r = MockRequest(request)
+    jar.add_cookie_header(r)
+    return r.get_new_headers().get("Cookie")
+
+
+def remove_cookie_by_name(cookiejar, name, domain=None, path=None):
+    """Unsets a cookie by name, by default over all domains and paths.
+
+    Wraps CookieJar.clear(), is O(n).
+    """
+    clearables = []
+    for cookie in cookiejar:
+        if cookie.name != name:
+            continue
+        if domain is not None and domain != cookie.domain:
+            continue
+        if path is not None and path != cookie.path:
+            continue
+        clearables.append((cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name))
+
+    for domain, path, name in clearables:
+        cookiejar.clear(domain, path, name)
+
+
+class CookieConflictError(RuntimeError):
+    """There are two cookies that meet the criteria specified in the cookie jar.
+    Use .get and .set and include domain and path args in order to be more specific.
+    """
+
+
+class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
+    """Compatibility class; is a cookielib.CookieJar, but exposes a dict
+    interface.
+
+    This is the CookieJar we create by default for requests and sessions that
+    don't specify one, since some clients may expect response.cookies and
+    session.cookies to support dict operations.
+
+    Requests does not use the dict interface internally; it's just for
+    compatibility with external client code. All requests code should work
+    out of the box with externally provided instances of ``CookieJar``, e.g.
+    ``LWPCookieJar`` and ``FileCookieJar``.
+
+    Unlike a regular CookieJar, this class is pickleable.
+
+    .. warning:: dictionary operations that are normally O(1) may be O(n).
+    """
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Dict-like get() that also supports optional domain and path args in
+        order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
+        multiple domains.
+
+        .. warning:: operation is O(n), not O(1).
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._find_no_duplicates(name, domain, path)
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def set(self, name, value, **kwargs):
+        """Dict-like set() that also supports optional domain and path args in
+        order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
+        multiple domains.
+        """
+        # support client code that unsets cookies by assignment of a None value:
+        if value is None:
+            remove_cookie_by_name(
+                self, name, domain=kwargs.get("domain"), path=kwargs.get("path")
+            )
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(value, Morsel):
+            c = morsel_to_cookie(value)
+        else:
+            c = create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs)
+        self.set_cookie(c)
+        return c
+
+    def iterkeys(self):
+        """Dict-like iterkeys() that returns an iterator of names of cookies
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: itervalues() and iteritems().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.name
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """Dict-like keys() that returns a list of names of cookies from the
+        jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: values() and items().
+        """
+        return list(self.iterkeys())
+
+    def itervalues(self):
+        """Dict-like itervalues() that returns an iterator of values of cookies
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: iterkeys() and iteritems().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.value
+
+    def values(self):
+        """Dict-like values() that returns a list of values of cookies from the
+        jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: keys() and items().
+        """
+        return list(self.itervalues())
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        """Dict-like iteritems() that returns an iterator of name-value tuples
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: iterkeys() and itervalues().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.name, cookie.value
+
+    def items(self):
+        """Dict-like items() that returns a list of name-value tuples from the
+        jar. Allows client-code to call ``dict(RequestsCookieJar)`` and get a
+        vanilla python dict of key value pairs.
+
+        .. seealso:: keys() and values().
+        """
+        return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    def list_domains(self):
+        """Utility method to list all the domains in the jar."""
+        domains = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.domain not in domains:
+                domains.append(cookie.domain)
+        return domains
+
+    def list_paths(self):
+        """Utility method to list all the paths in the jar."""
+        paths = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.path not in paths:
+                paths.append(cookie.path)
+        return paths
+
+    def multiple_domains(self):
+        """Returns True if there are multiple domains in the jar.
+        Returns False otherwise.
+
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        domains = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.domain is not None and cookie.domain in domains:
+                return True
+            domains.append(cookie.domain)
+        return False  # there is only one domain in jar
+
+    def get_dict(self, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Takes as an argument an optional domain and path and returns a plain
+        old Python dict of name-value pairs of cookies that meet the
+        requirements.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        dictionary = {}
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain) and (
+                path is None or cookie.path == path
+            ):
+                dictionary[cookie.name] = cookie.value
+        return dictionary
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return super().__contains__(name)
+        except CookieConflictError:
+            return True
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        """Dict-like __getitem__() for compatibility with client code. Throws
+        exception if there are more than one cookie with name. In that case,
+        use the more explicit get() method instead.
+
+        .. warning:: operation is O(n), not O(1).
+        """
+        return self._find_no_duplicates(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+        """Dict-like __setitem__ for compatibility with client code. Throws
+        exception if there is already a cookie of that name in the jar. In that
+        case, use the more explicit set() method instead.
+        """
+        self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        """Deletes a cookie given a name. Wraps ``cookielib.CookieJar``'s
+        ``remove_cookie_by_name()``.
+        """
+        remove_cookie_by_name(self, name)
+
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie, *args, **kwargs):
+        if (
+            hasattr(cookie.value, "startswith")
+            and cookie.value.startswith('"')
+            and cookie.value.endswith('"')
+        ):
+            cookie.value = cookie.value.replace('\\"', "")
+        return super().set_cookie(cookie, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def update(self, other):
+        """Updates this jar with cookies from another CookieJar or dict-like"""
+        if isinstance(other, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            for cookie in other:
+                self.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
+        else:
+            super().update(other)
+
+    def _find(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Requests uses this method internally to get cookie values.
+
+        If there are conflicting cookies, _find arbitrarily chooses one.
+        See _find_no_duplicates if you want an exception thrown if there are
+        conflicting cookies.
+
+        :param name: a string containing name of cookie
+        :param domain: (optional) string containing domain of cookie
+        :param path: (optional) string containing path of cookie
+        :return: cookie.value
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        return cookie.value
+
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
+
+    def _find_no_duplicates(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Both ``__get_item__`` and ``get`` call this function: it's never
+        used elsewhere in Requests.
+
+        :param name: a string containing name of cookie
+        :param domain: (optional) string containing domain of cookie
+        :param path: (optional) string containing path of cookie
+        :raises KeyError: if cookie is not found
+        :raises CookieConflictError: if there are multiple cookies
+            that match name and optionally domain and path
+        :return: cookie.value
+        """
+        toReturn = None
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        if toReturn is not None:
+                            # if there are multiple cookies that meet passed in criteria
+                            raise CookieConflictError(
+                                f"There are multiple cookies with name, {name!r}"
+                            )
+                        # we will eventually return this as long as no cookie conflict
+                        toReturn = cookie.value
+
+        if toReturn:
+            return toReturn
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+        # remove the unpickleable RLock object
+        state.pop("_cookies_lock")
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if "_cookies_lock" not in self.__dict__:
+            self._cookies_lock = threading.RLock()
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a copy of this RequestsCookieJar."""
+        new_cj = RequestsCookieJar()
+        new_cj.set_policy(self.get_policy())
+        new_cj.update(self)
+        return new_cj
+
+    def get_policy(self):
+        """Return the CookiePolicy instance used."""
+        return self._policy
+
+
+def _copy_cookie_jar(jar):
+    if jar is None:
+        return None
+
+    if hasattr(jar, "copy"):
+        # We're dealing with an instance of RequestsCookieJar
+        return jar.copy()
+    # We're dealing with a generic CookieJar instance
+    new_jar = copy.copy(jar)
+    new_jar.clear()
+    for cookie in jar:
+        new_jar.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
+    return new_jar
+
+
+def create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs):
+    """Make a cookie from underspecified parameters.
+
+    By default, the pair of `name` and `value` will be set for the domain ''
+    and sent on every request (this is sometimes called a "supercookie").
+    """
+    result = {
+        "version": 0,
+        "name": name,
+        "value": value,
+        "port": None,
+        "domain": "",
+        "path": "/",
+        "secure": False,
+        "expires": None,
+        "discard": True,
+        "comment": None,
+        "comment_url": None,
+        "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+        "rfc2109": False,
+    }
+
+    badargs = set(kwargs) - set(result)
+    if badargs:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"create_cookie() got unexpected keyword arguments: {list(badargs)}"
+        )
+
+    result.update(kwargs)
+    result["port_specified"] = bool(result["port"])
+    result["domain_specified"] = bool(result["domain"])
+    result["domain_initial_dot"] = result["domain"].startswith(".")
+    result["path_specified"] = bool(result["path"])
+
+    return cookielib.Cookie(**result)
+
+
+def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
+    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""
+
+    expires = None
+    if morsel["max-age"]:
+        try:
+            expires = int(time.time() + int(morsel["max-age"]))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise TypeError(f"max-age: {morsel['max-age']} must be integer")
+    elif morsel["expires"]:
+        time_template = "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+        expires = calendar.timegm(time.strptime(morsel["expires"], time_template))
+    return create_cookie(
+        comment=morsel["comment"],
+        comment_url=bool(morsel["comment"]),
+        discard=False,
+        domain=morsel["domain"],
+        expires=expires,
+        name=morsel.key,
+        path=morsel["path"],
+        port=None,
+        rest={"HttpOnly": morsel["httponly"]},
+        rfc2109=False,
+        secure=bool(morsel["secure"]),
+        value=morsel.value,
+        version=morsel["version"] or 0,
+    )
+
+
+def cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cookiejar=None, overwrite=True):
+    """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
+
+    :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
+    :param cookiejar: (optional) A cookiejar to add the cookies to.
+    :param overwrite: (optional) If False, will not replace cookies
+        already in the jar with new ones.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+    if cookiejar is None:
+        cookiejar = RequestsCookieJar()
+
+    if cookie_dict is not None:
+        names_from_jar = [cookie.name for cookie in cookiejar]
+        for name in cookie_dict:
+            if overwrite or (name not in names_from_jar):
+                cookiejar.set_cookie(create_cookie(name, cookie_dict[name]))
+
+    return cookiejar
+
+
+def merge_cookies(cookiejar, cookies):
+    """Add cookies to cookiejar and returns a merged CookieJar.
+
+    :param cookiejar: CookieJar object to add the cookies to.
+    :param cookies: Dictionary or CookieJar object to be added.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cookiejar, cookielib.CookieJar):
+        raise ValueError("You can only merge into CookieJar")
+
+    if isinstance(cookies, dict):
+        cookiejar = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies, cookiejar=cookiejar, overwrite=False)
+    elif isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+        try:
+            cookiejar.update(cookies)
+        except AttributeError:
+            for cookie_in_jar in cookies:
+                cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie_in_jar)
+
+    return cookiejar
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..168d073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""
+requests.exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
+"""
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
+
+from .compat import JSONDecodeError as CompatJSONDecodeError
+
+
+class RequestException(IOError):
+    """There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your
+    request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize RequestException with `request` and `response` objects."""
+        response = kwargs.pop("response", None)
+        self.response = response
+        self.request = kwargs.pop("request", None)
+        if response is not None and not self.request and hasattr(response, "request"):
+            self.request = self.response.request
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class InvalidJSONError(RequestException):
+    """A JSON error occurred."""
+
+
+class JSONDecodeError(InvalidJSONError, CompatJSONDecodeError):
+    """Couldn't decode the text into json"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Construct the JSONDecodeError instance first with all
+        args. Then use it's args to construct the IOError so that
+        the json specific args aren't used as IOError specific args
+        and the error message from JSONDecodeError is preserved.
+        """
+        CompatJSONDecodeError.__init__(self, *args)
+        InvalidJSONError.__init__(self, *self.args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPError(RequestException):
+    """An HTTP error occurred."""
+
+
+class ConnectionError(RequestException):
+    """A Connection error occurred."""
+
+
+class ProxyError(ConnectionError):
+    """A proxy error occurred."""
+
+
+class SSLError(ConnectionError):
+    """An SSL error occurred."""
+
+
+class Timeout(RequestException):
+    """The request timed out.
+
+    Catching this error will catch both
+    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout` and
+    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout` errors.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(ConnectionError, Timeout):
+    """The request timed out while trying to connect to the remote server.
+
+    Requests that produced this error are safe to retry.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(Timeout):
+    """The server did not send any data in the allotted amount of time."""
+
+
+class URLRequired(RequestException):
+    """A valid URL is required to make a request."""
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestException):
+    """Too many redirects."""
+
+
+class MissingSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL scheme (e.g. http or https) is missing."""
+
+
+class InvalidSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL scheme provided is either invalid or unsupported."""
+
+
+class InvalidURL(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The header value provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+
+class InvalidProxyURL(InvalidURL):
+    """The proxy URL provided is invalid."""
+
+
+class ChunkedEncodingError(RequestException):
+    """The server declared chunked encoding but sent an invalid chunk."""
+
+
+class ContentDecodingError(RequestException, BaseHTTPError):
+    """Failed to decode response content."""
+
+
+class StreamConsumedError(RequestException, TypeError):
+    """The content for this response was already consumed."""
+
+
+class RetryError(RequestException):
+    """Custom retries logic failed"""
+
+
+class UnrewindableBodyError(RequestException):
+    """Requests encountered an error when trying to rewind a body."""
+
+
+# Warnings
+
+
+class RequestsWarning(Warning):
+    """Base warning for Requests."""
+
+
+class FileModeWarning(RequestsWarning, DeprecationWarning):
+    """A file was opened in text mode, but Requests determined its binary length."""
+
+
+class RequestsDependencyWarning(RequestsWarning):
+    """An imported dependency doesn't match the expected version range."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d292c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""Module containing bug report helper(s)."""
+
+import json
+import platform
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+from pip._vendor import idna
+from pip._vendor import urllib3
+
+from . import __version__ as requests_version
+
+charset_normalizer = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor import chardet
+except ImportError:
+    chardet = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+except ImportError:
+    pyopenssl = None
+    OpenSSL = None
+    cryptography = None
+else:
+    import cryptography
+    import OpenSSL
+
+
+def _implementation():
+    """Return a dict with the Python implementation and version.
+
+    Provide both the name and the version of the Python implementation
+    currently running. For example, on CPython 3.10.3 it will return
+    {'name': 'CPython', 'version': '3.10.3'}.
+
+    This function works best on CPython and PyPy: in particular, it probably
+    doesn't work for Jython or IronPython. Future investigation should be done
+    to work out the correct shape of the code for those platforms.
+    """
+    implementation = platform.python_implementation()
+
+    if implementation == "CPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()
+    elif implementation == "PyPy":
+        implementation_version = "{}.{}.{}".format(
+            sys.pypy_version_info.major,
+            sys.pypy_version_info.minor,
+            sys.pypy_version_info.micro,
+        )
+        if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel != "final":
+            implementation_version = "".join(
+                [implementation_version, sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel]
+            )
+    elif implementation == "Jython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    elif implementation == "IronPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    else:
+        implementation_version = "Unknown"
+
+    return {"name": implementation, "version": implementation_version}
+
+
+def info():
+    """Generate information for a bug report."""
+    try:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": platform.system(),
+            "release": platform.release(),
+        }
+    except OSError:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": "Unknown",
+            "release": "Unknown",
+        }
+
+    implementation_info = _implementation()
+    urllib3_info = {"version": urllib3.__version__}
+    charset_normalizer_info = {"version": None}
+    chardet_info = {"version": None}
+    if charset_normalizer:
+        charset_normalizer_info = {"version": charset_normalizer.__version__}
+    if chardet:
+        chardet_info = {"version": chardet.__version__}
+
+    pyopenssl_info = {
+        "version": None,
+        "openssl_version": "",
+    }
+    if OpenSSL:
+        pyopenssl_info = {
+            "version": OpenSSL.__version__,
+            "openssl_version": f"{OpenSSL.SSL.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER:x}",
+        }
+    cryptography_info = {
+        "version": getattr(cryptography, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+    idna_info = {
+        "version": getattr(idna, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+
+    system_ssl = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
+    system_ssl_info = {"version": f"{system_ssl:x}" if system_ssl is not None else ""}
+
+    return {
+        "platform": platform_info,
+        "implementation": implementation_info,
+        "system_ssl": system_ssl_info,
+        "using_pyopenssl": pyopenssl is not None,
+        "using_charset_normalizer": chardet is None,
+        "pyOpenSSL": pyopenssl_info,
+        "urllib3": urllib3_info,
+        "chardet": chardet_info,
+        "charset_normalizer": charset_normalizer_info,
+        "cryptography": cryptography_info,
+        "idna": idna_info,
+        "requests": {
+            "version": requests_version,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def main():
+    """Pretty-print the bug information as JSON."""
+    print(json.dumps(info(), sort_keys=True, indent=2))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d181ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+requests.hooks
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides the capabilities for the Requests hooks system.
+
+Available hooks:
+
+``response``:
+    The response generated from a Request.
+"""
+HOOKS = ["response"]
+
+
+def default_hooks():
+    return {event: [] for event in HOOKS}
+
+
+# TODO: response is the only one
+
+
+def dispatch_hook(key, hooks, hook_data, **kwargs):
+    """Dispatches a hook dictionary on a given piece of data."""
+    hooks = hooks or {}
+    hooks = hooks.get(key)
+    if hooks:
+        if hasattr(hooks, "__call__"):
+            hooks = [hooks]
+        for hook in hooks:
+            _hook_data = hook(hook_data, **kwargs)
+            if _hook_data is not None:
+                hook_data = _hook_data
+    return hook_data
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76e6f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1034 @@
+"""
+requests.models
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the primary objects that power Requests.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+# Import encoding now, to avoid implicit import later.
+# Implicit import within threads may cause LookupError when standard library is in a ZIP,
+# such as in Embedded Python. See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3578.
+import encodings.idna  # noqa: F401
+from io import UnsupportedOperation
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import (
+    DecodeError,
+    LocationParseError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.fields import RequestField
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import parse_url
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string, unicode_is_ascii
+from .auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+from .compat import (
+    Callable,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    Mapping,
+    basestring,
+    builtin_str,
+    chardet,
+    cookielib,
+)
+from .compat import json as complexjson
+from .compat import urlencode, urlsplit, urlunparse
+from .cookies import _copy_cookie_jar, cookiejar_from_dict, get_cookie_header
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ConnectionError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    HTTPError,
+    InvalidJSONError,
+    InvalidURL,
+)
+from .exceptions import JSONDecodeError as RequestsJSONDecodeError
+from .exceptions import MissingSchema
+from .exceptions import SSLError as RequestsSSLError
+from .exceptions import StreamConsumedError
+from .hooks import default_hooks
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    check_header_validity,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    guess_filename,
+    guess_json_utf,
+    iter_slices,
+    parse_header_links,
+    requote_uri,
+    stream_decode_response_unicode,
+    super_len,
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+#: The set of HTTP status codes that indicate an automatically
+#: processable redirect.
+REDIRECT_STATI = (
+    codes.moved,  # 301
+    codes.found,  # 302
+    codes.other,  # 303
+    codes.temporary_redirect,  # 307
+    codes.permanent_redirect,  # 308
+)
+
+DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT = 30
+CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE = 10 * 1024
+ITER_CHUNK_SIZE = 512
+
+
+class RequestEncodingMixin:
+    @property
+    def path_url(self):
+        """Build the path URL to use."""
+
+        url = []
+
+        p = urlsplit(self.url)
+
+        path = p.path
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        url.append(path)
+
+        query = p.query
+        if query:
+            url.append("?")
+            url.append(query)
+
+        return "".join(url)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_params(data):
+        """Encode parameters in a piece of data.
+
+        Will successfully encode parameters when passed as a dict or a list of
+        2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but arbitrary
+        if parameters are supplied as a dict.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(data, (str, bytes)):
+            return data
+        elif hasattr(data, "read"):
+            return data
+        elif hasattr(data, "__iter__"):
+            result = []
+            for k, vs in to_key_val_list(data):
+                if isinstance(vs, basestring) or not hasattr(vs, "__iter__"):
+                    vs = [vs]
+                for v in vs:
+                    if v is not None:
+                        result.append(
+                            (
+                                k.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(k, str) else k,
+                                v.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+                            )
+                        )
+            return urlencode(result, doseq=True)
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_files(files, data):
+        """Build the body for a multipart/form-data request.
+
+        Will successfully encode files when passed as a dict or a list of
+        tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of tuples but arbitrary
+        if parameters are supplied as a dict.
+        The tuples may be 2-tuples (filename, fileobj), 3-tuples (filename, fileobj, contentype)
+        or 4-tuples (filename, fileobj, contentype, custom_headers).
+        """
+        if not files:
+            raise ValueError("Files must be provided.")
+        elif isinstance(data, basestring):
+            raise ValueError("Data must not be a string.")
+
+        new_fields = []
+        fields = to_key_val_list(data or {})
+        files = to_key_val_list(files or {})
+
+        for field, val in fields:
+            if isinstance(val, basestring) or not hasattr(val, "__iter__"):
+                val = [val]
+            for v in val:
+                if v is not None:
+                    # Don't call str() on bytestrings: in Py3 it all goes wrong.
+                    if not isinstance(v, bytes):
+                        v = str(v)
+
+                    new_fields.append(
+                        (
+                            field.decode("utf-8")
+                            if isinstance(field, bytes)
+                            else field,
+                            v.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+        for (k, v) in files:
+            # support for explicit filename
+            ft = None
+            fh = None
+            if isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
+                if len(v) == 2:
+                    fn, fp = v
+                elif len(v) == 3:
+                    fn, fp, ft = v
+                else:
+                    fn, fp, ft, fh = v
+            else:
+                fn = guess_filename(v) or k
+                fp = v
+
+            if isinstance(fp, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+                fdata = fp
+            elif hasattr(fp, "read"):
+                fdata = fp.read()
+            elif fp is None:
+                continue
+            else:
+                fdata = fp
+
+            rf = RequestField(name=k, data=fdata, filename=fn, headers=fh)
+            rf.make_multipart(content_type=ft)
+            new_fields.append(rf)
+
+        body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(new_fields)
+
+        return body, content_type
+
+
+class RequestHooksMixin:
+    def register_hook(self, event, hook):
+        """Properly register a hook."""
+
+        if event not in self.hooks:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported event specified, with event name "{event}"')
+
+        if isinstance(hook, Callable):
+            self.hooks[event].append(hook)
+        elif hasattr(hook, "__iter__"):
+            self.hooks[event].extend(h for h in hook if isinstance(h, Callable))
+
+    def deregister_hook(self, event, hook):
+        """Deregister a previously registered hook.
+        Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            self.hooks[event].remove(hook)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+
+class Request(RequestHooksMixin):
+    """A user-created :class:`Request <Request>` object.
+
+    Used to prepare a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>`, which is sent to the server.
+
+    :param method: HTTP method to use.
+    :param url: URL to send.
+    :param headers: dictionary of headers to send.
+    :param files: dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload.
+    :param data: the body to attach to the request. If a dictionary or
+        list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` is provided, form-encoding will
+        take place.
+    :param json: json for the body to attach to the request (if files or data is not specified).
+    :param params: URL parameters to append to the URL. If a dictionary or
+        list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` is provided, form-encoding will
+        take place.
+    :param auth: Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple.
+    :param cookies: dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request.
+    :param hooks: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> req.prepare()
+      <PreparedRequest [GET]>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        headers=None,
+        files=None,
+        data=None,
+        params=None,
+        auth=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+
+        # Default empty dicts for dict params.
+        data = [] if data is None else data
+        files = [] if files is None else files
+        headers = {} if headers is None else headers
+        params = {} if params is None else params
+        hooks = {} if hooks is None else hooks
+
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        for (k, v) in list(hooks.items()):
+            self.register_hook(event=k, hook=v)
+
+        self.method = method
+        self.url = url
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.files = files
+        self.data = data
+        self.json = json
+        self.params = params
+        self.auth = auth
+        self.cookies = cookies
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Request [{self.method}]>"
+
+    def prepare(self):
+        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for transmission and returns it."""
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.prepare(
+            method=self.method,
+            url=self.url,
+            headers=self.headers,
+            files=self.files,
+            data=self.data,
+            json=self.json,
+            params=self.params,
+            auth=self.auth,
+            cookies=self.cookies,
+            hooks=self.hooks,
+        )
+        return p
+
+
+class PreparedRequest(RequestEncodingMixin, RequestHooksMixin):
+    """The fully mutable :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object,
+    containing the exact bytes that will be sent to the server.
+
+    Instances are generated from a :class:`Request <Request>` object, and
+    should not be instantiated manually; doing so may produce undesirable
+    effects.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> r = req.prepare()
+      >>> r
+      <PreparedRequest [GET]>
+
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> s.send(r)
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: HTTP verb to send to the server.
+        self.method = None
+        #: HTTP URL to send the request to.
+        self.url = None
+        #: dictionary of HTTP headers.
+        self.headers = None
+        # The `CookieJar` used to create the Cookie header will be stored here
+        # after prepare_cookies is called
+        self._cookies = None
+        #: request body to send to the server.
+        self.body = None
+        #: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        #: integer denoting starting position of a readable file-like body.
+        self._body_position = None
+
+    def prepare(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        headers=None,
+        files=None,
+        data=None,
+        params=None,
+        auth=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        """Prepares the entire request with the given parameters."""
+
+        self.prepare_method(method)
+        self.prepare_url(url, params)
+        self.prepare_headers(headers)
+        self.prepare_cookies(cookies)
+        self.prepare_body(data, files, json)
+        self.prepare_auth(auth, url)
+
+        # Note that prepare_auth must be last to enable authentication schemes
+        # such as OAuth to work on a fully prepared request.
+
+        # This MUST go after prepare_auth. Authenticators could add a hook
+        self.prepare_hooks(hooks)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<PreparedRequest [{self.method}]>"
+
+    def copy(self):
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.method = self.method
+        p.url = self.url
+        p.headers = self.headers.copy() if self.headers is not None else None
+        p._cookies = _copy_cookie_jar(self._cookies)
+        p.body = self.body
+        p.hooks = self.hooks
+        p._body_position = self._body_position
+        return p
+
+    def prepare_method(self, method):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP method."""
+        self.method = method
+        if self.method is not None:
+            self.method = to_native_string(self.method.upper())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_idna_encoded_host(host):
+        from pip._vendor import idna
+
+        try:
+            host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True).decode("utf-8")
+        except idna.IDNAError:
+            raise UnicodeError
+        return host
+
+    def prepare_url(self, url, params):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP URL."""
+        #: Accept objects that have string representations.
+        #: We're unable to blindly call unicode/str functions
+        #: as this will include the bytestring indicator (b'')
+        #: on python 3.x.
+        #: https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/2238
+        if isinstance(url, bytes):
+            url = url.decode("utf8")
+        else:
+            url = str(url)
+
+        # Remove leading whitespaces from url
+        url = url.lstrip()
+
+        # Don't do any URL preparation for non-HTTP schemes like `mailto`,
+        # `data` etc to work around exceptions from `url_parse`, which
+        # handles RFC 3986 only.
+        if ":" in url and not url.lower().startswith("http"):
+            self.url = url
+            return
+
+        # Support for unicode domain names and paths.
+        try:
+            scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parse_url(url)
+        except LocationParseError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(*e.args)
+
+        if not scheme:
+            raise MissingSchema(
+                f"Invalid URL {url!r}: No scheme supplied. "
+                f"Perhaps you meant https://{url}?"
+            )
+
+        if not host:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid URL {url!r}: No host supplied")
+
+        # In general, we want to try IDNA encoding the hostname if the string contains
+        # non-ASCII characters. This allows users to automatically get the correct IDNA
+        # behaviour. For strings containing only ASCII characters, we need to also verify
+        # it doesn't start with a wildcard (*), before allowing the unencoded hostname.
+        if not unicode_is_ascii(host):
+            try:
+                host = self._get_idna_encoded_host(host)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                raise InvalidURL("URL has an invalid label.")
+        elif host.startswith(("*", ".")):
+            raise InvalidURL("URL has an invalid label.")
+
+        # Carefully reconstruct the network location
+        netloc = auth or ""
+        if netloc:
+            netloc += "@"
+        netloc += host
+        if port:
+            netloc += f":{port}"
+
+        # Bare domains aren't valid URLs.
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        if isinstance(params, (str, bytes)):
+            params = to_native_string(params)
+
+        enc_params = self._encode_params(params)
+        if enc_params:
+            if query:
+                query = f"{query}&{enc_params}"
+            else:
+                query = enc_params
+
+        url = requote_uri(urlunparse([scheme, netloc, path, None, query, fragment]))
+        self.url = url
+
+    def prepare_headers(self, headers):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP headers."""
+
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+        if headers:
+            for header in headers.items():
+                # Raise exception on invalid header value.
+                check_header_validity(header)
+                name, value = header
+                self.headers[to_native_string(name)] = value
+
+    def prepare_body(self, data, files, json=None):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP body data."""
+
+        # Check if file, fo, generator, iterator.
+        # If not, run through normal process.
+
+        # Nottin' on you.
+        body = None
+        content_type = None
+
+        if not data and json is not None:
+            # urllib3 requires a bytes-like body. Python 2's json.dumps
+            # provides this natively, but Python 3 gives a Unicode string.
+            content_type = "application/json"
+
+            try:
+                body = complexjson.dumps(json, allow_nan=False)
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise InvalidJSONError(ve, request=self)
+
+            if not isinstance(body, bytes):
+                body = body.encode("utf-8")
+
+        is_stream = all(
+            [
+                hasattr(data, "__iter__"),
+                not isinstance(data, (basestring, list, tuple, Mapping)),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        if is_stream:
+            try:
+                length = super_len(data)
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError, UnsupportedOperation):
+                length = None
+
+            body = data
+
+            if getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
+                # Record the current file position before reading.
+                # This will allow us to rewind a file in the event
+                # of a redirect.
+                try:
+                    self._body_position = body.tell()
+                except OSError:
+                    # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
+                    # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body
+                    self._body_position = object()
+
+            if files:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    "Streamed bodies and files are mutually exclusive."
+                )
+
+            if length:
+                self.headers["Content-Length"] = builtin_str(length)
+            else:
+                self.headers["Transfer-Encoding"] = "chunked"
+        else:
+            # Multi-part file uploads.
+            if files:
+                (body, content_type) = self._encode_files(files, data)
+            else:
+                if data:
+                    body = self._encode_params(data)
+                    if isinstance(data, basestring) or hasattr(data, "read"):
+                        content_type = None
+                    else:
+                        content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+            self.prepare_content_length(body)
+
+            # Add content-type if it wasn't explicitly provided.
+            if content_type and ("content-type" not in self.headers):
+                self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+        self.body = body
+
+    def prepare_content_length(self, body):
+        """Prepare Content-Length header based on request method and body"""
+        if body is not None:
+            length = super_len(body)
+            if length:
+                # If length exists, set it. Otherwise, we fallback
+                # to Transfer-Encoding: chunked.
+                self.headers["Content-Length"] = builtin_str(length)
+        elif (
+            self.method not in ("GET", "HEAD")
+            and self.headers.get("Content-Length") is None
+        ):
+            # Set Content-Length to 0 for methods that can have a body
+            # but don't provide one. (i.e. not GET or HEAD)
+            self.headers["Content-Length"] = "0"
+
+    def prepare_auth(self, auth, url=""):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP auth data."""
+
+        # If no Auth is explicitly provided, extract it from the URL first.
+        if auth is None:
+            url_auth = get_auth_from_url(self.url)
+            auth = url_auth if any(url_auth) else None
+
+        if auth:
+            if isinstance(auth, tuple) and len(auth) == 2:
+                # special-case basic HTTP auth
+                auth = HTTPBasicAuth(*auth)
+
+            # Allow auth to make its changes.
+            r = auth(self)
+
+            # Update self to reflect the auth changes.
+            self.__dict__.update(r.__dict__)
+
+            # Recompute Content-Length
+            self.prepare_content_length(self.body)
+
+    def prepare_cookies(self, cookies):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP cookie data.
+
+        This function eventually generates a ``Cookie`` header from the
+        given cookies using cookielib. Due to cookielib's design, the header
+        will not be regenerated if it already exists, meaning this function
+        can only be called once for the life of the
+        :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object. Any subsequent calls
+        to ``prepare_cookies`` will have no actual effect, unless the "Cookie"
+        header is removed beforehand.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            self._cookies = cookies
+        else:
+            self._cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
+
+        cookie_header = get_cookie_header(self._cookies, self)
+        if cookie_header is not None:
+            self.headers["Cookie"] = cookie_header
+
+    def prepare_hooks(self, hooks):
+        """Prepares the given hooks."""
+        # hooks can be passed as None to the prepare method and to this
+        # method. To prevent iterating over None, simply use an empty list
+        # if hooks is False-y
+        hooks = hooks or []
+        for event in hooks:
+            self.register_hook(event, hooks[event])
+
+
+class Response:
+    """The :class:`Response <Response>` object, which contains a
+    server's response to an HTTP request.
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "_content",
+        "status_code",
+        "headers",
+        "url",
+        "history",
+        "encoding",
+        "reason",
+        "cookies",
+        "elapsed",
+        "request",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._content = False
+        self._content_consumed = False
+        self._next = None
+
+        #: Integer Code of responded HTTP Status, e.g. 404 or 200.
+        self.status_code = None
+
+        #: Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers.
+        #: For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
+        #: value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header.
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+
+        #: File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage).
+        #: Use of ``raw`` requires that ``stream=True`` be set on the request.
+        #: This requirement does not apply for use internally to Requests.
+        self.raw = None
+
+        #: Final URL location of Response.
+        self.url = None
+
+        #: Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text.
+        self.encoding = None
+
+        #: A list of :class:`Response <Response>` objects from
+        #: the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end
+        #: up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request.
+        self.history = []
+
+        #: Textual reason of responded HTTP Status, e.g. "Not Found" or "OK".
+        self.reason = None
+
+        #: A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back.
+        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+
+        #: The amount of time elapsed between sending the request
+        #: and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta).
+        #: This property specifically measures the time taken between sending
+        #: the first byte of the request and finishing parsing the headers. It
+        #: is therefore unaffected by consuming the response content or the
+        #: value of the ``stream`` keyword argument.
+        self.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+        #: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to which this
+        #: is a response.
+        self.request = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        # Consume everything; accessing the content attribute makes
+        # sure the content has been fully read.
+        if not self._content_consumed:
+            self.content
+
+        return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        # pickled objects do not have .raw
+        setattr(self, "_content_consumed", True)
+        setattr(self, "raw", None)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Response [{self.status_code}]>"
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code, is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        return self.ok
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code, is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        return self.ok
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Allows you to use a response as an iterator."""
+        return self.iter_content(128)
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400, False if not.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.raise_for_status()
+        except HTTPError:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def is_redirect(self):
+        """True if this Response is a well-formed HTTP redirect that could have
+        been processed automatically (by :meth:`Session.resolve_redirects`).
+        """
+        return "location" in self.headers and self.status_code in REDIRECT_STATI
+
+    @property
+    def is_permanent_redirect(self):
+        """True if this Response one of the permanent versions of redirect."""
+        return "location" in self.headers and self.status_code in (
+            codes.moved_permanently,
+            codes.permanent_redirect,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def next(self):
+        """Returns a PreparedRequest for the next request in a redirect chain, if there is one."""
+        return self._next
+
+    @property
+    def apparent_encoding(self):
+        """The apparent encoding, provided by the charset_normalizer or chardet libraries."""
+        return chardet.detect(self.content)["encoding"]
+
+    def iter_content(self, chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False):
+        """Iterates over the response data.  When stream=True is set on the
+        request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for
+        large responses.  The chunk size is the number of bytes it should
+        read into memory.  This is not necessarily the length of each item
+        returned as decoding can take place.
+
+        chunk_size must be of type int or None. A value of None will
+        function differently depending on the value of `stream`.
+        stream=True will read data as it arrives in whatever size the
+        chunks are received. If stream=False, data is returned as
+        a single chunk.
+
+        If decode_unicode is True, content will be decoded using the best
+        available encoding based on the response.
+        """
+
+        def generate():
+            # Special case for urllib3.
+            if hasattr(self.raw, "stream"):
+                try:
+                    yield from self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True)
+                except ProtocolError as e:
+                    raise ChunkedEncodingError(e)
+                except DecodeError as e:
+                    raise ContentDecodingError(e)
+                except ReadTimeoutError as e:
+                    raise ConnectionError(e)
+                except SSLError as e:
+                    raise RequestsSSLError(e)
+            else:
+                # Standard file-like object.
+                while True:
+                    chunk = self.raw.read(chunk_size)
+                    if not chunk:
+                        break
+                    yield chunk
+
+            self._content_consumed = True
+
+        if self._content_consumed and isinstance(self._content, bool):
+            raise StreamConsumedError()
+        elif chunk_size is not None and not isinstance(chunk_size, int):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"chunk_size must be an int, it is instead a {type(chunk_size)}."
+            )
+        # simulate reading small chunks of the content
+        reused_chunks = iter_slices(self._content, chunk_size)
+
+        stream_chunks = generate()
+
+        chunks = reused_chunks if self._content_consumed else stream_chunks
+
+        if decode_unicode:
+            chunks = stream_decode_response_unicode(chunks, self)
+
+        return chunks
+
+    def iter_lines(
+        self, chunk_size=ITER_CHUNK_SIZE, decode_unicode=False, delimiter=None
+    ):
+        """Iterates over the response data, one line at a time.  When
+        stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the
+        content at once into memory for large responses.
+
+        .. note:: This method is not reentrant safe.
+        """
+
+        pending = None
+
+        for chunk in self.iter_content(
+            chunk_size=chunk_size, decode_unicode=decode_unicode
+        ):
+
+            if pending is not None:
+                chunk = pending + chunk
+
+            if delimiter:
+                lines = chunk.split(delimiter)
+            else:
+                lines = chunk.splitlines()
+
+            if lines and lines[-1] and chunk and lines[-1][-1] == chunk[-1]:
+                pending = lines.pop()
+            else:
+                pending = None
+
+            yield from lines
+
+        if pending is not None:
+            yield pending
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        """Content of the response, in bytes."""
+
+        if self._content is False:
+            # Read the contents.
+            if self._content_consumed:
+                raise RuntimeError("The content for this response was already consumed")
+
+            if self.status_code == 0 or self.raw is None:
+                self._content = None
+            else:
+                self._content = b"".join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or b""
+
+        self._content_consumed = True
+        # don't need to release the connection; that's been handled by urllib3
+        # since we exhausted the data.
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        """Content of the response, in unicode.
+
+        If Response.encoding is None, encoding will be guessed using
+        ``charset_normalizer`` or ``chardet``.
+
+        The encoding of the response content is determined based solely on HTTP
+        headers, following RFC 2616 to the letter. If you can take advantage of
+        non-HTTP knowledge to make a better guess at the encoding, you should
+        set ``r.encoding`` appropriately before accessing this property.
+        """
+
+        # Try charset from content-type
+        content = None
+        encoding = self.encoding
+
+        if not self.content:
+            return ""
+
+        # Fallback to auto-detected encoding.
+        if self.encoding is None:
+            encoding = self.apparent_encoding
+
+        # Decode unicode from given encoding.
+        try:
+            content = str(self.content, encoding, errors="replace")
+        except (LookupError, TypeError):
+            # A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could
+            # indicate a misspelling or similar mistake.
+            #
+            # A TypeError can be raised if encoding is None
+            #
+            # So we try blindly encoding.
+            content = str(self.content, errors="replace")
+
+        return content
+
+    def json(self, **kwargs):
+        r"""Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.
+
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``json.loads`` takes.
+        :raises requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError: If the response body does not
+            contain valid json.
+        """
+
+        if not self.encoding and self.content and len(self.content) > 3:
+            # No encoding set. JSON RFC 4627 section 3 states we should expect
+            # UTF-8, -16 or -32. Detect which one to use; If the detection or
+            # decoding fails, fall back to `self.text` (using charset_normalizer to make
+            # a best guess).
+            encoding = guess_json_utf(self.content)
+            if encoding is not None:
+                try:
+                    return complexjson.loads(self.content.decode(encoding), **kwargs)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # Wrong UTF codec detected; usually because it's not UTF-8
+                    # but some other 8-bit codec.  This is an RFC violation,
+                    # and the server didn't bother to tell us what codec *was*
+                    # used.
+                    pass
+                except JSONDecodeError as e:
+                    raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
+
+        try:
+            return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
+        except JSONDecodeError as e:
+            # Catch JSON-related errors and raise as requests.JSONDecodeError
+            # This aliases json.JSONDecodeError and simplejson.JSONDecodeError
+            raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
+
+    @property
+    def links(self):
+        """Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any."""
+
+        header = self.headers.get("link")
+
+        resolved_links = {}
+
+        if header:
+            links = parse_header_links(header)
+
+            for link in links:
+                key = link.get("rel") or link.get("url")
+                resolved_links[key] = link
+
+        return resolved_links
+
+    def raise_for_status(self):
+        """Raises :class:`HTTPError`, if one occurred."""
+
+        http_error_msg = ""
+        if isinstance(self.reason, bytes):
+            # We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
+            # choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
+            # isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
+            # encodings. (See PR #3538)
+            try:
+                reason = self.reason.decode("utf-8")
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                reason = self.reason.decode("iso-8859-1")
+        else:
+            reason = self.reason
+
+        if 400 <= self.status_code < 500:
+            http_error_msg = (
+                f"{self.status_code} Client Error: {reason} for url: {self.url}"
+            )
+
+        elif 500 <= self.status_code < 600:
+            http_error_msg = (
+                f"{self.status_code} Server Error: {reason} for url: {self.url}"
+            )
+
+        if http_error_msg:
+            raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Releases the connection back to the pool. Once this method has been
+        called the underlying ``raw`` object must not be accessed again.
+
+        *Note: Should not normally need to be called explicitly.*
+        """
+        if not self._content_consumed:
+            self.raw.close()
+
+        release_conn = getattr(self.raw, "release_conn", None)
+        if release_conn is not None:
+            release_conn()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9582fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import sys
+
+# This code exists for backwards compatibility reasons.
+# I don't like it either. Just look the other way. :)
+
+for package in ('urllib3', 'idna', 'chardet'):
+    vendored_package = "pip._vendor." + package
+    locals()[package] = __import__(vendored_package)
+    # This traversal is apparently necessary such that the identities are
+    # preserved (requests.packages.urllib3.* is urllib3.*)
+    for mod in list(sys.modules):
+        if mod == vendored_package or mod.startswith(vendored_package + '.'):
+            unprefixed_mod = mod[len("pip._vendor."):]
+            sys.modules['pip._vendor.requests.packages.' + unprefixed_mod] = sys.modules[mod]
+
+# Kinda cool, though, right?
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbcf2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,833 @@
+"""
+requests.sessions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides a Session object to manage and persist settings across
+requests (cookies, auth, proxies).
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .compat import Mapping, cookielib, urljoin, urlparse
+from .cookies import (
+    RequestsCookieJar,
+    cookiejar_from_dict,
+    extract_cookies_to_jar,
+    merge_cookies,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+)
+from .hooks import default_hooks, dispatch_hook
+
+# formerly defined here, reexposed here for backward compatibility
+from .models import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT,
+    REDIRECT_STATI,
+    PreparedRequest,
+    Request,
+)
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_PORTS,
+    default_headers,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_environ_proxies,
+    get_netrc_auth,
+    requote_uri,
+    resolve_proxies,
+    rewind_body,
+    should_bypass_proxies,
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+# Preferred clock, based on which one is more accurate on a given system.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    preferred_clock = time.perf_counter
+else:
+    preferred_clock = time.time
+
+
+def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+    """Determines appropriate setting for a given request, taking into account
+    the explicit setting on that request, and the setting in the session. If a
+    setting is a dictionary, they will be merged together using `dict_class`
+    """
+
+    if session_setting is None:
+        return request_setting
+
+    if request_setting is None:
+        return session_setting
+
+    # Bypass if not a dictionary (e.g. verify)
+    if not (
+        isinstance(session_setting, Mapping) and isinstance(request_setting, Mapping)
+    ):
+        return request_setting
+
+    merged_setting = dict_class(to_key_val_list(session_setting))
+    merged_setting.update(to_key_val_list(request_setting))
+
+    # Remove keys that are set to None. Extract keys first to avoid altering
+    # the dictionary during iteration.
+    none_keys = [k for (k, v) in merged_setting.items() if v is None]
+    for key in none_keys:
+        del merged_setting[key]
+
+    return merged_setting
+
+
+def merge_hooks(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+    """Properly merges both requests and session hooks.
+
+    This is necessary because when request_hooks == {'response': []}, the
+    merge breaks Session hooks entirely.
+    """
+    if session_hooks is None or session_hooks.get("response") == []:
+        return request_hooks
+
+    if request_hooks is None or request_hooks.get("response") == []:
+        return session_hooks
+
+    return merge_setting(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class)
+
+
+class SessionRedirectMixin:
+    def get_redirect_target(self, resp):
+        """Receives a Response. Returns a redirect URI or ``None``"""
+        # Due to the nature of how requests processes redirects this method will
+        # be called at least once upon the original response and at least twice
+        # on each subsequent redirect response (if any).
+        # If a custom mixin is used to handle this logic, it may be advantageous
+        # to cache the redirect location onto the response object as a private
+        # attribute.
+        if resp.is_redirect:
+            location = resp.headers["location"]
+            # Currently the underlying http module on py3 decode headers
+            # in latin1, but empirical evidence suggests that latin1 is very
+            # rarely used with non-ASCII characters in HTTP headers.
+            # It is more likely to get UTF8 header rather than latin1.
+            # This causes incorrect handling of UTF8 encoded location headers.
+            # To solve this, we re-encode the location in latin1.
+            location = location.encode("latin1")
+            return to_native_string(location, "utf8")
+        return None
+
+    def should_strip_auth(self, old_url, new_url):
+        """Decide whether Authorization header should be removed when redirecting"""
+        old_parsed = urlparse(old_url)
+        new_parsed = urlparse(new_url)
+        if old_parsed.hostname != new_parsed.hostname:
+            return True
+        # Special case: allow http -> https redirect when using the standard
+        # ports. This isn't specified by RFC 7235, but is kept to avoid
+        # breaking backwards compatibility with older versions of requests
+        # that allowed any redirects on the same host.
+        if (
+            old_parsed.scheme == "http"
+            and old_parsed.port in (80, None)
+            and new_parsed.scheme == "https"
+            and new_parsed.port in (443, None)
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        # Handle default port usage corresponding to scheme.
+        changed_port = old_parsed.port != new_parsed.port
+        changed_scheme = old_parsed.scheme != new_parsed.scheme
+        default_port = (DEFAULT_PORTS.get(old_parsed.scheme, None), None)
+        if (
+            not changed_scheme
+            and old_parsed.port in default_port
+            and new_parsed.port in default_port
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        # Standard case: root URI must match
+        return changed_port or changed_scheme
+
+    def resolve_redirects(
+        self,
+        resp,
+        req,
+        stream=False,
+        timeout=None,
+        verify=True,
+        cert=None,
+        proxies=None,
+        yield_requests=False,
+        **adapter_kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses or Requests."""
+
+        hist = []  # keep track of history
+
+        url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
+        previous_fragment = urlparse(req.url).fragment
+        while url:
+            prepared_request = req.copy()
+
+            # Update history and keep track of redirects.
+            # resp.history must ignore the original request in this loop
+            hist.append(resp)
+            resp.history = hist[1:]
+
+            try:
+                resp.content  # Consume socket so it can be released
+            except (ChunkedEncodingError, ContentDecodingError, RuntimeError):
+                resp.raw.read(decode_content=False)
+
+            if len(resp.history) >= self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    f"Exceeded {self.max_redirects} redirects.", response=resp
+                )
+
+            # Release the connection back into the pool.
+            resp.close()
+
+            # Handle redirection without scheme (see: RFC 1808 Section 4)
+            if url.startswith("//"):
+                parsed_rurl = urlparse(resp.url)
+                url = ":".join([to_native_string(parsed_rurl.scheme), url])
+
+            # Normalize url case and attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            if parsed.fragment == "" and previous_fragment:
+                parsed = parsed._replace(fragment=previous_fragment)
+            elif parsed.fragment:
+                previous_fragment = parsed.fragment
+            url = parsed.geturl()
+
+            # Facilitate relative 'location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
+            # (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
+            # Compliant with RFC3986, we percent encode the url.
+            if not parsed.netloc:
+                url = urljoin(resp.url, requote_uri(url))
+            else:
+                url = requote_uri(url)
+
+            prepared_request.url = to_native_string(url)
+
+            self.rebuild_method(prepared_request, resp)
+
+            # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1084
+            if resp.status_code not in (
+                codes.temporary_redirect,
+                codes.permanent_redirect,
+            ):
+                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3490
+                purged_headers = ("Content-Length", "Content-Type", "Transfer-Encoding")
+                for header in purged_headers:
+                    prepared_request.headers.pop(header, None)
+                prepared_request.body = None
+
+            headers = prepared_request.headers
+            headers.pop("Cookie", None)
+
+            # Extract any cookies sent on the response to the cookiejar
+            # in the new request. Because we've mutated our copied prepared
+            # request, use the old one that we haven't yet touched.
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(prepared_request._cookies, req, resp.raw)
+            merge_cookies(prepared_request._cookies, self.cookies)
+            prepared_request.prepare_cookies(prepared_request._cookies)
+
+            # Rebuild auth and proxy information.
+            proxies = self.rebuild_proxies(prepared_request, proxies)
+            self.rebuild_auth(prepared_request, resp)
+
+            # A failed tell() sets `_body_position` to `object()`. This non-None
+            # value ensures `rewindable` will be True, allowing us to raise an
+            # UnrewindableBodyError, instead of hanging the connection.
+            rewindable = prepared_request._body_position is not None and (
+                "Content-Length" in headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in headers
+            )
+
+            # Attempt to rewind consumed file-like object.
+            if rewindable:
+                rewind_body(prepared_request)
+
+            # Override the original request.
+            req = prepared_request
+
+            if yield_requests:
+                yield req
+            else:
+
+                resp = self.send(
+                    req,
+                    stream=stream,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    verify=verify,
+                    cert=cert,
+                    proxies=proxies,
+                    allow_redirects=False,
+                    **adapter_kwargs,
+                )
+
+                extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, prepared_request, resp.raw)
+
+                # extract redirect url, if any, for the next loop
+                url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
+                yield resp
+
+    def rebuild_auth(self, prepared_request, response):
+        """When being redirected we may want to strip authentication from the
+        request to avoid leaking credentials. This method intelligently removes
+        and reapplies authentication where possible to avoid credential loss.
+        """
+        headers = prepared_request.headers
+        url = prepared_request.url
+
+        if "Authorization" in headers and self.should_strip_auth(
+            response.request.url, url
+        ):
+            # If we get redirected to a new host, we should strip out any
+            # authentication headers.
+            del headers["Authorization"]
+
+        # .netrc might have more auth for us on our new host.
+        new_auth = get_netrc_auth(url) if self.trust_env else None
+        if new_auth is not None:
+            prepared_request.prepare_auth(new_auth)
+
+    def rebuild_proxies(self, prepared_request, proxies):
+        """This method re-evaluates the proxy configuration by considering the
+        environment variables. If we are redirected to a URL covered by
+        NO_PROXY, we strip the proxy configuration. Otherwise, we set missing
+        proxy keys for this URL (in case they were stripped by a previous
+        redirect).
+
+        This method also replaces the Proxy-Authorization header where
+        necessary.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        headers = prepared_request.headers
+        scheme = urlparse(prepared_request.url).scheme
+        new_proxies = resolve_proxies(prepared_request, proxies, self.trust_env)
+
+        if "Proxy-Authorization" in headers:
+            del headers["Proxy-Authorization"]
+
+        try:
+            username, password = get_auth_from_url(new_proxies[scheme])
+        except KeyError:
+            username, password = None, None
+
+        # urllib3 handles proxy authorization for us in the standard adapter.
+        # Avoid appending this to TLS tunneled requests where it may be leaked.
+        if not scheme.startswith('https') and username and password:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+
+        return new_proxies
+
+    def rebuild_method(self, prepared_request, response):
+        """When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
+        based on certain specs or browser behavior.
+        """
+        method = prepared_request.method
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+        if response.status_code == codes.see_other and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
+        # First, turn 302s into GETs.
+        if response.status_code == codes.found and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Second, if a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
+        # This bizarre behaviour is explained in Issue 1704.
+        if response.status_code == codes.moved and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        prepared_request.method = method
+
+
+class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
+    """A Requests session.
+
+    Provides cookie persistence, connection-pooling, and configuration.
+
+    Basic Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
+      <Response [200]>
+
+    Or as a context manager::
+
+      >>> with requests.Session() as s:
+      ...     s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "headers",
+        "cookies",
+        "auth",
+        "proxies",
+        "hooks",
+        "params",
+        "verify",
+        "cert",
+        "adapters",
+        "stream",
+        "trust_env",
+        "max_redirects",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+
+        #: A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>` sent from this
+        #: :class:`Session <Session>`.
+        self.headers = default_headers()
+
+        #: Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>`.
+        self.auth = None
+
+        #: Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and host to the URL of the proxy
+        #: (e.g. {'http': 'foo.bar:3128', 'http://host.name': 'foo.bar:4012'}) to
+        #: be used on each :class:`Request <Request>`.
+        self.proxies = {}
+
+        #: Event-handling hooks.
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+
+        #: Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>`. The dictionary values may be lists for
+        #: representing multivalued query parameters.
+        self.params = {}
+
+        #: Stream response content default.
+        self.stream = False
+
+        #: SSL Verification default.
+        #: Defaults to `True`, requiring requests to verify the TLS certificate at the
+        #: remote end.
+        #: If verify is set to `False`, requests will accept any TLS certificate
+        #: presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or
+        #: expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+        #: man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
+        #: Only set this to `False` for testing.
+        self.verify = True
+
+        #: SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client
+        #: cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+        self.cert = None
+
+        #: Maximum number of redirects allowed. If the request exceeds this
+        #: limit, a :class:`TooManyRedirects` exception is raised.
+        #: This defaults to requests.models.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, which is
+        #: 30.
+        self.max_redirects = DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
+
+        #: Trust environment settings for proxy configuration, default
+        #: authentication and similar.
+        self.trust_env = True
+
+        #: A CookieJar containing all currently outstanding cookies set on this
+        #: session. By default it is a
+        #: :class:`RequestsCookieJar <requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar>`, but
+        #: may be any other ``cookielib.CookieJar`` compatible object.
+        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+
+        # Default connection adapters.
+        self.adapters = OrderedDict()
+        self.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter())
+        self.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter())
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def prepare_request(self, request):
+        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for
+        transmission and returns it. The :class:`PreparedRequest` has settings
+        merged from the :class:`Request <Request>` instance and those of the
+        :class:`Session`.
+
+        :param request: :class:`Request` instance to prepare with this
+            session's settings.
+        :rtype: requests.PreparedRequest
+        """
+        cookies = request.cookies or {}
+
+        # Bootstrap CookieJar.
+        if not isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
+
+        # Merge with session cookies
+        merged_cookies = merge_cookies(
+            merge_cookies(RequestsCookieJar(), self.cookies), cookies
+        )
+
+        # Set environment's basic authentication if not explicitly set.
+        auth = request.auth
+        if self.trust_env and not auth and not self.auth:
+            auth = get_netrc_auth(request.url)
+
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.prepare(
+            method=request.method.upper(),
+            url=request.url,
+            files=request.files,
+            data=request.data,
+            json=request.json,
+            headers=merge_setting(
+                request.headers, self.headers, dict_class=CaseInsensitiveDict
+            ),
+            params=merge_setting(request.params, self.params),
+            auth=merge_setting(auth, self.auth),
+            cookies=merged_cookies,
+            hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
+        )
+        return p
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        params=None,
+        data=None,
+        headers=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        files=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        allow_redirects=True,
+        proxies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        stream=None,
+        verify=None,
+        cert=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        """Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it.
+        Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object.
+
+        :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query
+            string for the :class:`Request`.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'filename': file-like-objects``
+            for multipart encoding upload.
+        :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
+            Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple
+        :param allow_redirects: (optional) Set to True by default.
+        :type allow_redirects: bool
+        :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and
+            hostname to the URL of the proxy.
+        :param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response
+            content. Defaults to ``False``.
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. When set to
+            ``False``, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by
+            the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired
+            certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+            man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to ``False``
+            may be useful during local development or testing.
+        :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem).
+            If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        # Create the Request.
+        req = Request(
+            method=method.upper(),
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            files=files,
+            data=data or {},
+            json=json,
+            params=params or {},
+            auth=auth,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            hooks=hooks,
+        )
+        prep = self.prepare_request(req)
+
+        proxies = proxies or {}
+
+        settings = self.merge_environment_settings(
+            prep.url, proxies, stream, verify, cert
+        )
+
+        # Send the request.
+        send_kwargs = {
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "allow_redirects": allow_redirects,
+        }
+        send_kwargs.update(settings)
+        resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
+
+        return resp
+
+    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def options(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("OPTIONS", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a HEAD request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("POST", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+
+    def put(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a PUT request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("PUT", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+    def patch(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a PATCH request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def send(self, request, **kwargs):
+        """Send a given PreparedRequest.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        # Set defaults that the hooks can utilize to ensure they always have
+        # the correct parameters to reproduce the previous request.
+        kwargs.setdefault("stream", self.stream)
+        kwargs.setdefault("verify", self.verify)
+        kwargs.setdefault("cert", self.cert)
+        if "proxies" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["proxies"] = resolve_proxies(request, self.proxies, self.trust_env)
+
+        # It's possible that users might accidentally send a Request object.
+        # Guard against that specific failure case.
+        if isinstance(request, Request):
+            raise ValueError("You can only send PreparedRequests.")
+
+        # Set up variables needed for resolve_redirects and dispatching of hooks
+        allow_redirects = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+        stream = kwargs.get("stream")
+        hooks = request.hooks
+
+        # Get the appropriate adapter to use
+        adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
+
+        # Start time (approximately) of the request
+        start = preferred_clock()
+
+        # Send the request
+        r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
+
+        # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)
+        elapsed = preferred_clock() - start
+        r.elapsed = timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+
+        # Response manipulation hooks
+        r = dispatch_hook("response", hooks, r, **kwargs)
+
+        # Persist cookies
+        if r.history:
+
+            # If the hooks create history then we want those cookies too
+            for resp in r.history:
+                extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, resp.request, resp.raw)
+
+        extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, request, r.raw)
+
+        # Resolve redirects if allowed.
+        if allow_redirects:
+            # Redirect resolving generator.
+            gen = self.resolve_redirects(r, request, **kwargs)
+            history = [resp for resp in gen]
+        else:
+            history = []
+
+        # Shuffle things around if there's history.
+        if history:
+            # Insert the first (original) request at the start
+            history.insert(0, r)
+            # Get the last request made
+            r = history.pop()
+            r.history = history
+
+        # If redirects aren't being followed, store the response on the Request for Response.next().
+        if not allow_redirects:
+            try:
+                r._next = next(
+                    self.resolve_redirects(r, request, yield_requests=True, **kwargs)
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+
+        if not stream:
+            r.content
+
+        return r
+
+    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
+        """
+        Check the environment and merge it with some settings.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        # Gather clues from the surrounding environment.
+        if self.trust_env:
+            # Set environment's proxies.
+            no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy") if proxies is not None else None
+            env_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
+            for (k, v) in env_proxies.items():
+                proxies.setdefault(k, v)
+
+            # Look for requests environment configuration
+            # and be compatible with cURL.
+            if verify is True or verify is None:
+                verify = (
+                    os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or verify
+                )
+
+        # Merge all the kwargs.
+        proxies = merge_setting(proxies, self.proxies)
+        stream = merge_setting(stream, self.stream)
+        verify = merge_setting(verify, self.verify)
+        cert = merge_setting(cert, self.cert)
+
+        return {"proxies": proxies, "stream": stream, "verify": verify, "cert": cert}
+
+    def get_adapter(self, url):
+        """
+        Returns the appropriate connection adapter for the given URL.
+
+        :rtype: requests.adapters.BaseAdapter
+        """
+        for (prefix, adapter) in self.adapters.items():
+
+            if url.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
+                return adapter
+
+        # Nothing matches :-/
+        raise InvalidSchema(f"No connection adapters were found for {url!r}")
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Closes all adapters and as such the session"""
+        for v in self.adapters.values():
+            v.close()
+
+    def mount(self, prefix, adapter):
+        """Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.
+
+        Adapters are sorted in descending order by prefix length.
+        """
+        self.adapters[prefix] = adapter
+        keys_to_move = [k for k in self.adapters if len(k) < len(prefix)]
+
+        for key in keys_to_move:
+            self.adapters[key] = self.adapters.pop(key)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        state = {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for attr, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+
+
+def session():
+    """
+    Returns a :class:`Session` for context-management.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 1.0.0
+
+        This method has been deprecated since version 1.0.0 and is only kept for
+        backwards compatibility. New code should use :class:`~requests.sessions.Session`
+        to create a session. This may be removed at a future date.
+
+    :rtype: Session
+    """
+    return Session()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bd072b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+r"""
+The ``codes`` object defines a mapping from common names for HTTP statuses
+to their numerical codes, accessible either as attributes or as dictionary
+items.
+
+Example::
+
+    >>> import requests
+    >>> requests.codes['temporary_redirect']
+    307
+    >>> requests.codes.teapot
+    418
+    >>> requests.codes['\o/']
+    200
+
+Some codes have multiple names, and both upper- and lower-case versions of
+the names are allowed. For example, ``codes.ok``, ``codes.OK``, and
+``codes.okay`` all correspond to the HTTP status code 200.
+"""
+
+from .structures import LookupDict
+
+_codes = {
+    # Informational.
+    100: ("continue",),
+    101: ("switching_protocols",),
+    102: ("processing",),
+    103: ("checkpoint",),
+    122: ("uri_too_long", "request_uri_too_long"),
+    200: ("ok", "okay", "all_ok", "all_okay", "all_good", "\\o/", "✓"),
+    201: ("created",),
+    202: ("accepted",),
+    203: ("non_authoritative_info", "non_authoritative_information"),
+    204: ("no_content",),
+    205: ("reset_content", "reset"),
+    206: ("partial_content", "partial"),
+    207: ("multi_status", "multiple_status", "multi_stati", "multiple_stati"),
+    208: ("already_reported",),
+    226: ("im_used",),
+    # Redirection.
+    300: ("multiple_choices",),
+    301: ("moved_permanently", "moved", "\\o-"),
+    302: ("found",),
+    303: ("see_other", "other"),
+    304: ("not_modified",),
+    305: ("use_proxy",),
+    306: ("switch_proxy",),
+    307: ("temporary_redirect", "temporary_moved", "temporary"),
+    308: (
+        "permanent_redirect",
+        "resume_incomplete",
+        "resume",
+    ),  # "resume" and "resume_incomplete" to be removed in 3.0
+    # Client Error.
+    400: ("bad_request", "bad"),
+    401: ("unauthorized",),
+    402: ("payment_required", "payment"),
+    403: ("forbidden",),
+    404: ("not_found", "-o-"),
+    405: ("method_not_allowed", "not_allowed"),
+    406: ("not_acceptable",),
+    407: ("proxy_authentication_required", "proxy_auth", "proxy_authentication"),
+    408: ("request_timeout", "timeout"),
+    409: ("conflict",),
+    410: ("gone",),
+    411: ("length_required",),
+    412: ("precondition_failed", "precondition"),
+    413: ("request_entity_too_large",),
+    414: ("request_uri_too_large",),
+    415: ("unsupported_media_type", "unsupported_media", "media_type"),
+    416: (
+        "requested_range_not_satisfiable",
+        "requested_range",
+        "range_not_satisfiable",
+    ),
+    417: ("expectation_failed",),
+    418: ("im_a_teapot", "teapot", "i_am_a_teapot"),
+    421: ("misdirected_request",),
+    422: ("unprocessable_entity", "unprocessable"),
+    423: ("locked",),
+    424: ("failed_dependency", "dependency"),
+    425: ("unordered_collection", "unordered"),
+    426: ("upgrade_required", "upgrade"),
+    428: ("precondition_required", "precondition"),
+    429: ("too_many_requests", "too_many"),
+    431: ("header_fields_too_large", "fields_too_large"),
+    444: ("no_response", "none"),
+    449: ("retry_with", "retry"),
+    450: ("blocked_by_windows_parental_controls", "parental_controls"),
+    451: ("unavailable_for_legal_reasons", "legal_reasons"),
+    499: ("client_closed_request",),
+    # Server Error.
+    500: ("internal_server_error", "server_error", "/o\\", "✗"),
+    501: ("not_implemented",),
+    502: ("bad_gateway",),
+    503: ("service_unavailable", "unavailable"),
+    504: ("gateway_timeout",),
+    505: ("http_version_not_supported", "http_version"),
+    506: ("variant_also_negotiates",),
+    507: ("insufficient_storage",),
+    509: ("bandwidth_limit_exceeded", "bandwidth"),
+    510: ("not_extended",),
+    511: ("network_authentication_required", "network_auth", "network_authentication"),
+}
+
+codes = LookupDict(name="status_codes")
+
+
+def _init():
+    for code, titles in _codes.items():
+        for title in titles:
+            setattr(codes, title, code)
+            if not title.startswith(("\\", "/")):
+                setattr(codes, title.upper(), code)
+
+    def doc(code):
+        names = ", ".join(f"``{n}``" for n in _codes[code])
+        return "* %d: %s" % (code, names)
+
+    global __doc__
+    __doc__ = (
+        __doc__ + "\n" + "\n".join(doc(code) for code in sorted(_codes))
+        if __doc__ is not None
+        else None
+    )
+
+
+_init()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..188e13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""
+requests.structures
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Data structures that power Requests.
+"""
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from .compat import Mapping, MutableMapping
+
+
+class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
+    """A case-insensitive ``dict``-like object.
+
+    Implements all methods and operations of
+    ``MutableMapping`` as well as dict's ``copy``. Also
+    provides ``lower_items``.
+
+    All keys are expected to be strings. The structure remembers the
+    case of the last key to be set, and ``iter(instance)``,
+    ``keys()``, ``items()``, ``iterkeys()``, and ``iteritems()``
+    will contain case-sensitive keys. However, querying and contains
+    testing is case insensitive::
+
+        cid = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+        cid['Accept'] = 'application/json'
+        cid['aCCEPT'] == 'application/json'  # True
+        list(cid) == ['Accept']  # True
+
+    For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
+    value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header, regardless
+    of how the header name was originally stored.
+
+    If the constructor, ``.update``, or equality comparison
+    operations are given keys that have equal ``.lower()``s, the
+    behavior is undefined.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None, **kwargs):
+        self._store = OrderedDict()
+        if data is None:
+            data = {}
+        self.update(data, **kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        # Use the lowercased key for lookups, but store the actual
+        # key alongside the value.
+        self._store[key.lower()] = (key, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._store[key.lower()][1]
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._store[key.lower()]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return (casedkey for casedkey, mappedvalue in self._store.values())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._store)
+
+    def lower_items(self):
+        """Like iteritems(), but with all lowercase keys."""
+        return ((lowerkey, keyval[1]) for (lowerkey, keyval) in self._store.items())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            other = CaseInsensitiveDict(other)
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+        # Compare insensitively
+        return dict(self.lower_items()) == dict(other.lower_items())
+
+    # Copy is required
+    def copy(self):
+        return CaseInsensitiveDict(self._store.values())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(dict(self.items()))
+
+
+class LookupDict(dict):
+    """Dictionary lookup object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name=None):
+        self.name = name
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<lookup '{self.name}'>"
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # We allow fall-through here, so values default to None
+
+        return self.__dict__.get(key, None)
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        return self.__dict__.get(key, default)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6adec33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+"""
+requests.utils
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides utility functions that are used within Requests
+that are also useful for external consumption.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import struct
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+import zipfile
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import make_headers, parse_url
+
+from . import certs
+from .__version__ import __version__
+
+# to_native_string is unused here, but imported here for backwards compatibility
+from ._internal_utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+    HEADER_VALIDATORS,
+    to_native_string,
+)
+from .compat import (
+    Mapping,
+    basestring,
+    bytes,
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    integer_types,
+)
+from .compat import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
+from .compat import (
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,
+    quote,
+    str,
+    unquote,
+    urlparse,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict
+from .exceptions import (
+    FileModeWarning,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidURL,
+    UnrewindableBodyError,
+)
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+NETRC_FILES = (".netrc", "_netrc")
+
+DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = certs.where()
+
+DEFAULT_PORTS = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
+
+# Ensure that ', ' is used to preserve previous delimiter behavior.
+DEFAULT_ACCEPT_ENCODING = ", ".join(
+    re.split(r",\s*", make_headers(accept_encoding=True)["accept-encoding"])
+)
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    # provide a proxy_bypass version on Windows without DNS lookups
+
+    def proxy_bypass_registry(host):
+        try:
+            import winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(
+                winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings",
+            )
+            # ProxyEnable could be REG_SZ or REG_DWORD, normalizing it
+            proxyEnable = int(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings, "ProxyEnable")[0])
+            # ProxyOverride is almost always a string
+            proxyOverride = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings, "ProxyOverride")[0]
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            return False
+        if not proxyEnable or not proxyOverride:
+            return False
+
+        # make a check value list from the registry entry: replace the
+        # '<local>' string by the localhost entry and the corresponding
+        # canonical entry.
+        proxyOverride = proxyOverride.split(";")
+        # now check if we match one of the registry values.
+        for test in proxyOverride:
+            if test == "<local>":
+                if "." not in host:
+                    return True
+            test = test.replace(".", r"\.")  # mask dots
+            test = test.replace("*", r".*")  # change glob sequence
+            test = test.replace("?", r".")  # change glob char
+            if re.match(test, host, re.I):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def proxy_bypass(host):  # noqa
+        """Return True, if the host should be bypassed.
+
+        Checks proxy settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
+        or the registry.
+        """
+        if getproxies_environment():
+            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
+        else:
+            return proxy_bypass_registry(host)
+
+
+def dict_to_sequence(d):
+    """Returns an internal sequence dictionary update."""
+
+    if hasattr(d, "items"):
+        d = d.items()
+
+    return d
+
+
+def super_len(o):
+    total_length = None
+    current_position = 0
+
+    if hasattr(o, "__len__"):
+        total_length = len(o)
+
+    elif hasattr(o, "len"):
+        total_length = o.len
+
+    elif hasattr(o, "fileno"):
+        try:
+            fileno = o.fileno()
+        except (io.UnsupportedOperation, AttributeError):
+            # AttributeError is a surprising exception, seeing as how we've just checked
+            # that `hasattr(o, 'fileno')`.  It happens for objects obtained via
+            # `Tarfile.extractfile()`, per issue 5229.
+            pass
+        else:
+            total_length = os.fstat(fileno).st_size
+
+            # Having used fstat to determine the file length, we need to
+            # confirm that this file was opened up in binary mode.
+            if "b" not in o.mode:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Requests has determined the content-length for this "
+                        "request using the binary size of the file: however, the "
+                        "file has been opened in text mode (i.e. without the 'b' "
+                        "flag in the mode). This may lead to an incorrect "
+                        "content-length. In Requests 3.0, support will be removed "
+                        "for files in text mode."
+                    ),
+                    FileModeWarning,
+                )
+
+    if hasattr(o, "tell"):
+        try:
+            current_position = o.tell()
+        except OSError:
+            # This can happen in some weird situations, such as when the file
+            # is actually a special file descriptor like stdin. In this
+            # instance, we don't know what the length is, so set it to zero and
+            # let requests chunk it instead.
+            if total_length is not None:
+                current_position = total_length
+        else:
+            if hasattr(o, "seek") and total_length is None:
+                # StringIO and BytesIO have seek but no usable fileno
+                try:
+                    # seek to end of file
+                    o.seek(0, 2)
+                    total_length = o.tell()
+
+                    # seek back to current position to support
+                    # partially read file-like objects
+                    o.seek(current_position or 0)
+                except OSError:
+                    total_length = 0
+
+    if total_length is None:
+        total_length = 0
+
+    return max(0, total_length - current_position)
+
+
+def get_netrc_auth(url, raise_errors=False):
+    """Returns the Requests tuple auth for a given url from netrc."""
+
+    netrc_file = os.environ.get("NETRC")
+    if netrc_file is not None:
+        netrc_locations = (netrc_file,)
+    else:
+        netrc_locations = (f"~/{f}" for f in NETRC_FILES)
+
+    try:
+        from netrc import NetrcParseError, netrc
+
+        netrc_path = None
+
+        for f in netrc_locations:
+            try:
+                loc = os.path.expanduser(f)
+            except KeyError:
+                # os.path.expanduser can fail when $HOME is undefined and
+                # getpwuid fails. See https://bugs.python.org/issue20164 &
+                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1846
+                return
+
+            if os.path.exists(loc):
+                netrc_path = loc
+                break
+
+        # Abort early if there isn't one.
+        if netrc_path is None:
+            return
+
+        ri = urlparse(url)
+        host = ri.hostname
+
+        try:
+            _netrc = netrc(netrc_path).authenticators(host)
+            if _netrc:
+                # Return with login / password
+                login_i = 0 if _netrc[0] else 1
+                return (_netrc[login_i], _netrc[2])
+        except (NetrcParseError, OSError):
+            # If there was a parsing error or a permissions issue reading the file,
+            # we'll just skip netrc auth unless explicitly asked to raise errors.
+            if raise_errors:
+                raise
+
+    # App Engine hackiness.
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        pass
+
+
+def guess_filename(obj):
+    """Tries to guess the filename of the given object."""
+    name = getattr(obj, "name", None)
+    if name and isinstance(name, basestring) and name[0] != "<" and name[-1] != ">":
+        return os.path.basename(name)
+
+
+def extract_zipped_paths(path):
+    """Replace nonexistent paths that look like they refer to a member of a zip
+    archive with the location of an extracted copy of the target, or else
+    just return the provided path unchanged.
+    """
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        # this is already a valid path, no need to do anything further
+        return path
+
+    # find the first valid part of the provided path and treat that as a zip archive
+    # assume the rest of the path is the name of a member in the archive
+    archive, member = os.path.split(path)
+    while archive and not os.path.exists(archive):
+        archive, prefix = os.path.split(archive)
+        if not prefix:
+            # If we don't check for an empty prefix after the split (in other words, archive remains unchanged after the split),
+            # we _can_ end up in an infinite loop on a rare corner case affecting a small number of users
+            break
+        member = "/".join([prefix, member])
+
+    if not zipfile.is_zipfile(archive):
+        return path
+
+    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(archive)
+    if member not in zip_file.namelist():
+        return path
+
+    # we have a valid zip archive and a valid member of that archive
+    tmp = tempfile.gettempdir()
+    extracted_path = os.path.join(tmp, member.split("/")[-1])
+    if not os.path.exists(extracted_path):
+        # use read + write to avoid the creating nested folders, we only want the file, avoids mkdir racing condition
+        with atomic_open(extracted_path) as file_handler:
+            file_handler.write(zip_file.read(member))
+    return extracted_path
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def atomic_open(filename):
+    """Write a file to the disk in an atomic fashion"""
+    tmp_descriptor, tmp_name = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename))
+    try:
+        with os.fdopen(tmp_descriptor, "wb") as tmp_handler:
+            yield tmp_handler
+        os.replace(tmp_name, filename)
+    except BaseException:
+        os.remove(tmp_name)
+        raise
+
+
+def from_key_val_list(value):
+    """Take an object and test to see if it can be represented as a
+    dictionary. Unless it can not be represented as such, return an
+    OrderedDict, e.g.,
+
+    ::
+
+        >>> from_key_val_list([('key', 'val')])
+        OrderedDict([('key', 'val')])
+        >>> from_key_val_list('string')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples
+        >>> from_key_val_list({'key': 'val'})
+        OrderedDict([('key', 'val')])
+
+    :rtype: OrderedDict
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bool, int)):
+        raise ValueError("cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples")
+
+    return OrderedDict(value)
+
+
+def to_key_val_list(value):
+    """Take an object and test to see if it can be represented as a
+    dictionary. If it can be, return a list of tuples, e.g.,
+
+    ::
+
+        >>> to_key_val_list([('key', 'val')])
+        [('key', 'val')]
+        >>> to_key_val_list({'key': 'val'})
+        [('key', 'val')]
+        >>> to_key_val_list('string')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples
+
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bool, int)):
+        raise ValueError("cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples")
+
+    if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+        value = value.items()
+
+    return list(value)
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def parse_list_header(value):
+    """Parse lists as described by RFC 2068 Section 2.
+
+    In particular, parse comma-separated lists where the elements of
+    the list may include quoted-strings.  A quoted-string could
+    contain a comma.  A non-quoted string could have quotes in the
+    middle.  Quotes are removed automatically after parsing.
+
+    It basically works like :func:`parse_set_header` just that items
+    may appear multiple times and case sensitivity is preserved.
+
+    The return value is a standard :class:`list`:
+
+    >>> parse_list_header('token, "quoted value"')
+    ['token', 'quoted value']
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`list` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a string with a list header.
+    :return: :class:`list`
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+    result = []
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if item[:1] == item[-1:] == '"':
+            item = unquote_header_value(item[1:-1])
+        result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def parse_dict_header(value):
+    """Parse lists of key, value pairs as described by RFC 2068 Section 2 and
+    convert them into a python dict:
+
+    >>> d = parse_dict_header('foo="is a fish", bar="as well"')
+    >>> type(d) is dict
+    True
+    >>> sorted(d.items())
+    [('bar', 'as well'), ('foo', 'is a fish')]
+
+    If there is no value for a key it will be `None`:
+
+    >>> parse_dict_header('key_without_value')
+    {'key_without_value': None}
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`dict` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a string with a dict header.
+    :return: :class:`dict`
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    result = {}
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if "=" not in item:
+            result[item] = None
+            continue
+        name, value = item.split("=", 1)
+        if value[:1] == value[-1:] == '"':
+            value = unquote_header_value(value[1:-1])
+        result[name] = value
+    return result
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def unquote_header_value(value, is_filename=False):
+    r"""Unquotes a header value.  (Reversal of :func:`quote_header_value`).
+    This does not use the real unquoting but what browsers are actually
+    using for quoting.
+
+    :param value: the header value to unquote.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    if value and value[0] == value[-1] == '"':
+        # this is not the real unquoting, but fixing this so that the
+        # RFC is met will result in bugs with internet explorer and
+        # probably some other browsers as well.  IE for example is
+        # uploading files with "C:\foo\bar.txt" as filename
+        value = value[1:-1]
+
+        # if this is a filename and the starting characters look like
+        # a UNC path, then just return the value without quotes.  Using the
+        # replace sequence below on a UNC path has the effect of turning
+        # the leading double slash into a single slash and then
+        # _fix_ie_filename() doesn't work correctly.  See #458.
+        if not is_filename or value[:2] != "\\\\":
+            return value.replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"')
+    return value
+
+
+def dict_from_cookiejar(cj):
+    """Returns a key/value dictionary from a CookieJar.
+
+    :param cj: CookieJar object to extract cookies from.
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+
+    cookie_dict = {}
+
+    for cookie in cj:
+        cookie_dict[cookie.name] = cookie.value
+
+    return cookie_dict
+
+
+def add_dict_to_cookiejar(cj, cookie_dict):
+    """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
+
+    :param cj: CookieJar to insert cookies into.
+    :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+
+    return cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cj)
+
+
+def get_encodings_from_content(content):
+    """Returns encodings from given content string.
+
+    :param content: bytestring to extract encodings from.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "In requests 3.0, get_encodings_from_content will be removed. For "
+            "more information, please see the discussion on issue #2266. (This"
+            " warning should only appear once.)"
+        ),
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    charset_re = re.compile(r'<meta.*?charset=["\']*(.+?)["\'>]', flags=re.I)
+    pragma_re = re.compile(r'<meta.*?content=["\']*;?charset=(.+?)["\'>]', flags=re.I)
+    xml_re = re.compile(r'^<\?xml.*?encoding=["\']*(.+?)["\'>]')
+
+    return (
+        charset_re.findall(content)
+        + pragma_re.findall(content)
+        + xml_re.findall(content)
+    )
+
+
+def _parse_content_type_header(header):
+    """Returns content type and parameters from given header
+
+    :param header: string
+    :return: tuple containing content type and dictionary of
+         parameters
+    """
+
+    tokens = header.split(";")
+    content_type, params = tokens[0].strip(), tokens[1:]
+    params_dict = {}
+    items_to_strip = "\"' "
+
+    for param in params:
+        param = param.strip()
+        if param:
+            key, value = param, True
+            index_of_equals = param.find("=")
+            if index_of_equals != -1:
+                key = param[:index_of_equals].strip(items_to_strip)
+                value = param[index_of_equals + 1 :].strip(items_to_strip)
+            params_dict[key.lower()] = value
+    return content_type, params_dict
+
+
+def get_encoding_from_headers(headers):
+    """Returns encodings from given HTTP Header Dict.
+
+    :param headers: dictionary to extract encoding from.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+
+    content_type = headers.get("content-type")
+
+    if not content_type:
+        return None
+
+    content_type, params = _parse_content_type_header(content_type)
+
+    if "charset" in params:
+        return params["charset"].strip("'\"")
+
+    if "text" in content_type:
+        return "ISO-8859-1"
+
+    if "application/json" in content_type:
+        # Assume UTF-8 based on RFC 4627: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt since the charset was unset
+        return "utf-8"
+
+
+def stream_decode_response_unicode(iterator, r):
+    """Stream decodes an iterator."""
+
+    if r.encoding is None:
+        yield from iterator
+        return
+
+    decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(r.encoding)(errors="replace")
+    for chunk in iterator:
+        rv = decoder.decode(chunk)
+        if rv:
+            yield rv
+    rv = decoder.decode(b"", final=True)
+    if rv:
+        yield rv
+
+
+def iter_slices(string, slice_length):
+    """Iterate over slices of a string."""
+    pos = 0
+    if slice_length is None or slice_length <= 0:
+        slice_length = len(string)
+    while pos < len(string):
+        yield string[pos : pos + slice_length]
+        pos += slice_length
+
+
+def get_unicode_from_response(r):
+    """Returns the requested content back in unicode.
+
+    :param r: Response object to get unicode content from.
+
+    Tried:
+
+    1. charset from content-type
+    2. fall back and replace all unicode characters
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "In requests 3.0, get_unicode_from_response will be removed. For "
+            "more information, please see the discussion on issue #2266. (This"
+            " warning should only appear once.)"
+        ),
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    tried_encodings = []
+
+    # Try charset from content-type
+    encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(r.headers)
+
+    if encoding:
+        try:
+            return str(r.content, encoding)
+        except UnicodeError:
+            tried_encodings.append(encoding)
+
+    # Fall back:
+    try:
+        return str(r.content, encoding, errors="replace")
+    except TypeError:
+        return r.content
+
+
+# The unreserved URI characters (RFC 3986)
+UNRESERVED_SET = frozenset(
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" + "0123456789-._~"
+)
+
+
+def unquote_unreserved(uri):
+    """Un-escape any percent-escape sequences in a URI that are unreserved
+    characters. This leaves all reserved, illegal and non-ASCII bytes encoded.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    parts = uri.split("%")
+    for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+        h = parts[i][0:2]
+        if len(h) == 2 and h.isalnum():
+            try:
+                c = chr(int(h, 16))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid percent-escape sequence: '{h}'")
+
+            if c in UNRESERVED_SET:
+                parts[i] = c + parts[i][2:]
+            else:
+                parts[i] = f"%{parts[i]}"
+        else:
+            parts[i] = f"%{parts[i]}"
+    return "".join(parts)
+
+
+def requote_uri(uri):
+    """Re-quote the given URI.
+
+    This function passes the given URI through an unquote/quote cycle to
+    ensure that it is fully and consistently quoted.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    safe_with_percent = "!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]~"
+    safe_without_percent = "!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@[]~"
+    try:
+        # Unquote only the unreserved characters
+        # Then quote only illegal characters (do not quote reserved,
+        # unreserved, or '%')
+        return quote(unquote_unreserved(uri), safe=safe_with_percent)
+    except InvalidURL:
+        # We couldn't unquote the given URI, so let's try quoting it, but
+        # there may be unquoted '%'s in the URI. We need to make sure they're
+        # properly quoted so they do not cause issues elsewhere.
+        return quote(uri, safe=safe_without_percent)
+
+
+def address_in_network(ip, net):
+    """This function allows you to check if an IP belongs to a network subnet
+
+    Example: returns True if ip = 192.168.1.1 and net = 192.168.1.0/24
+             returns False if ip = 192.168.1.1 and net = 192.168.100.0/24
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    ipaddr = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
+    netaddr, bits = net.split("/")
+    netmask = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(dotted_netmask(int(bits))))[0]
+    network = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & netmask
+    return (ipaddr & netmask) == (network & netmask)
+
+
+def dotted_netmask(mask):
+    """Converts mask from /xx format to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
+
+    Example: if mask is 24 function returns 255.255.255.0
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    bits = 0xFFFFFFFF ^ (1 << 32 - mask) - 1
+    return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack(">I", bits))
+
+
+def is_ipv4_address(string_ip):
+    """
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    try:
+        socket.inet_aton(string_ip)
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_valid_cidr(string_network):
+    """
+    Very simple check of the cidr format in no_proxy variable.
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    if string_network.count("/") == 1:
+        try:
+            mask = int(string_network.split("/")[1])
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        if mask < 1 or mask > 32:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            socket.inet_aton(string_network.split("/")[0])
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+    else:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def set_environ(env_name, value):
+    """Set the environment variable 'env_name' to 'value'
+
+    Save previous value, yield, and then restore the previous value stored in
+    the environment variable 'env_name'.
+
+    If 'value' is None, do nothing"""
+    value_changed = value is not None
+    if value_changed:
+        old_value = os.environ.get(env_name)
+        os.environ[env_name] = value
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if value_changed:
+            if old_value is None:
+                del os.environ[env_name]
+            else:
+                os.environ[env_name] = old_value
+
+
+def should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy):
+    """
+    Returns whether we should bypass proxies or not.
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    # Prioritize lowercase environment variables over uppercase
+    # to keep a consistent behaviour with other http projects (curl, wget).
+    def get_proxy(key):
+        return os.environ.get(key) or os.environ.get(key.upper())
+
+    # First check whether no_proxy is defined. If it is, check that the URL
+    # we're getting isn't in the no_proxy list.
+    no_proxy_arg = no_proxy
+    if no_proxy is None:
+        no_proxy = get_proxy("no_proxy")
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        # URLs don't always have hostnames, e.g. file:/// urls.
+        return True
+
+    if no_proxy:
+        # We need to check whether we match here. We need to see if we match
+        # the end of the hostname, both with and without the port.
+        no_proxy = (host for host in no_proxy.replace(" ", "").split(",") if host)
+
+        if is_ipv4_address(parsed.hostname):
+            for proxy_ip in no_proxy:
+                if is_valid_cidr(proxy_ip):
+                    if address_in_network(parsed.hostname, proxy_ip):
+                        return True
+                elif parsed.hostname == proxy_ip:
+                    # If no_proxy ip was defined in plain IP notation instead of cidr notation &
+                    # matches the IP of the index
+                    return True
+        else:
+            host_with_port = parsed.hostname
+            if parsed.port:
+                host_with_port += f":{parsed.port}"
+
+            for host in no_proxy:
+                if parsed.hostname.endswith(host) or host_with_port.endswith(host):
+                    # The URL does match something in no_proxy, so we don't want
+                    # to apply the proxies on this URL.
+                    return True
+
+    with set_environ("no_proxy", no_proxy_arg):
+        # parsed.hostname can be `None` in cases such as a file URI.
+        try:
+            bypass = proxy_bypass(parsed.hostname)
+        except (TypeError, socket.gaierror):
+            bypass = False
+
+    if bypass:
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=None):
+    """
+    Return a dict of environment proxies.
+
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    if should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy):
+        return {}
+    else:
+        return getproxies()
+
+
+def select_proxy(url, proxies):
+    """Select a proxy for the url, if applicable.
+
+    :param url: The url being for the request
+    :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs
+    """
+    proxies = proxies or {}
+    urlparts = urlparse(url)
+    if urlparts.hostname is None:
+        return proxies.get(urlparts.scheme, proxies.get("all"))
+
+    proxy_keys = [
+        urlparts.scheme + "://" + urlparts.hostname,
+        urlparts.scheme,
+        "all://" + urlparts.hostname,
+        "all",
+    ]
+    proxy = None
+    for proxy_key in proxy_keys:
+        if proxy_key in proxies:
+            proxy = proxies[proxy_key]
+            break
+
+    return proxy
+
+
+def resolve_proxies(request, proxies, trust_env=True):
+    """This method takes proxy information from a request and configuration
+    input to resolve a mapping of target proxies. This will consider settings
+    such a NO_PROXY to strip proxy configurations.
+
+    :param request: Request or PreparedRequest
+    :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs
+    :param trust_env: Boolean declaring whether to trust environment configs
+
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    proxies = proxies if proxies is not None else {}
+    url = request.url
+    scheme = urlparse(url).scheme
+    no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy")
+    new_proxies = proxies.copy()
+
+    if trust_env and not should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy):
+        environ_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
+
+        proxy = environ_proxies.get(scheme, environ_proxies.get("all"))
+
+        if proxy:
+            new_proxies.setdefault(scheme, proxy)
+    return new_proxies
+
+
+def default_user_agent(name="python-requests"):
+    """
+    Return a string representing the default user agent.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    return f"{name}/{__version__}"
+
+
+def default_headers():
+    """
+    :rtype: requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict
+    """
+    return CaseInsensitiveDict(
+        {
+            "User-Agent": default_user_agent(),
+            "Accept-Encoding": DEFAULT_ACCEPT_ENCODING,
+            "Accept": "*/*",
+            "Connection": "keep-alive",
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def parse_header_links(value):
+    """Return a list of parsed link headers proxies.
+
+    i.e. Link: <http:/.../front.jpeg>; rel=front; type="image/jpeg",<http://.../back.jpeg>; rel=back;type="image/jpeg"
+
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+
+    links = []
+
+    replace_chars = " '\""
+
+    value = value.strip(replace_chars)
+    if not value:
+        return links
+
+    for val in re.split(", *<", value):
+        try:
+            url, params = val.split(";", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            url, params = val, ""
+
+        link = {"url": url.strip("<> '\"")}
+
+        for param in params.split(";"):
+            try:
+                key, value = param.split("=")
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+
+            link[key.strip(replace_chars)] = value.strip(replace_chars)
+
+        links.append(link)
+
+    return links
+
+
+# Null bytes; no need to recreate these on each call to guess_json_utf
+_null = "\x00".encode("ascii")  # encoding to ASCII for Python 3
+_null2 = _null * 2
+_null3 = _null * 3
+
+
+def guess_json_utf(data):
+    """
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    # JSON always starts with two ASCII characters, so detection is as
+    # easy as counting the nulls and from their location and count
+    # determine the encoding. Also detect a BOM, if present.
+    sample = data[:4]
+    if sample in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE):
+        return "utf-32"  # BOM included
+    if sample[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
+        return "utf-8-sig"  # BOM included, MS style (discouraged)
+    if sample[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE):
+        return "utf-16"  # BOM included
+    nullcount = sample.count(_null)
+    if nullcount == 0:
+        return "utf-8"
+    if nullcount == 2:
+        if sample[::2] == _null2:  # 1st and 3rd are null
+            return "utf-16-be"
+        if sample[1::2] == _null2:  # 2nd and 4th are null
+            return "utf-16-le"
+        # Did not detect 2 valid UTF-16 ascii-range characters
+    if nullcount == 3:
+        if sample[:3] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-be"
+        if sample[1:] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-le"
+        # Did not detect a valid UTF-32 ascii-range character
+    return None
+
+
+def prepend_scheme_if_needed(url, new_scheme):
+    """Given a URL that may or may not have a scheme, prepend the given scheme.
+    Does not replace a present scheme with the one provided as an argument.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    parsed = parse_url(url)
+    scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parsed
+
+    # A defect in urlparse determines that there isn't a netloc present in some
+    # urls. We previously assumed parsing was overly cautious, and swapped the
+    # netloc and path. Due to a lack of tests on the original defect, this is
+    # maintained with parse_url for backwards compatibility.
+    netloc = parsed.netloc
+    if not netloc:
+        netloc, path = path, netloc
+
+    if auth:
+        # parse_url doesn't provide the netloc with auth
+        # so we'll add it ourselves.
+        netloc = "@".join([auth, netloc])
+    if scheme is None:
+        scheme = new_scheme
+    if path is None:
+        path = ""
+
+    return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, "", query, fragment))
+
+
+def get_auth_from_url(url):
+    """Given a url with authentication components, extract them into a tuple of
+    username,password.
+
+    :rtype: (str,str)
+    """
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+    try:
+        auth = (unquote(parsed.username), unquote(parsed.password))
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        auth = ("", "")
+
+    return auth
+
+
+def check_header_validity(header):
+    """Verifies that header parts don't contain leading whitespace
+    reserved characters, or return characters.
+
+    :param header: tuple, in the format (name, value).
+    """
+    name, value = header
+    _validate_header_part(header, name, 0)
+    _validate_header_part(header, value, 1)
+
+
+def _validate_header_part(header, header_part, header_validator_index):
+    if isinstance(header_part, str):
+        validator = _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR[header_validator_index]
+    elif isinstance(header_part, bytes):
+        validator = _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE[header_validator_index]
+    else:
+        raise InvalidHeader(
+            f"Header part ({header_part!r}) from {header} "
+            f"must be of type str or bytes, not {type(header_part)}"
+        )
+
+    if not validator.match(header_part):
+        header_kind = "name" if header_validator_index == 0 else "value"
+        raise InvalidHeader(
+            f"Invalid leading whitespace, reserved character(s), or return"
+            f"character(s) in header {header_kind}: {header_part!r}"
+        )
+
+
+def urldefragauth(url):
+    """
+    Given a url remove the fragment and the authentication part.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = urlparse(url)
+
+    # see func:`prepend_scheme_if_needed`
+    if not netloc:
+        netloc, path = path, netloc
+
+    netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1]
+
+    return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, ""))
+
+
+def rewind_body(prepared_request):
+    """Move file pointer back to its recorded starting position
+    so it can be read again on redirect.
+    """
+    body_seek = getattr(prepared_request.body, "seek", None)
+    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(
+        prepared_request._body_position, integer_types
+    ):
+        try:
+            body_seek(prepared_request._body_position)
+        except OSError:
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect."
+            )
+    else:
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError("Unable to rewind request body for redirect.")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d92acc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "AbstractProvider",
+    "AbstractResolver",
+    "BaseReporter",
+    "InconsistentCandidate",
+    "Resolver",
+    "RequirementsConflicted",
+    "ResolutionError",
+    "ResolutionImpossible",
+    "ResolutionTooDeep",
+]
+
+__version__ = "1.0.1"
+
+
+from .providers import AbstractProvider, AbstractResolver
+from .reporters import BaseReporter
+from .resolvers import (
+    InconsistentCandidate,
+    RequirementsConflicted,
+    ResolutionError,
+    ResolutionImpossible,
+    ResolutionTooDeep,
+    Resolver,
+)
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index 0000000..1becc50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/collections_abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+__all__ = ["Mapping", "Sequence"]
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Mapping, Sequence
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e99d87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+class AbstractProvider(object):
+    """Delegate class to provide the required interface for the resolver."""
+
+    def identify(self, requirement_or_candidate):
+        """Given a requirement, return an identifier for it.
+
+        This is used to identify a requirement, e.g. whether two requirements
+        should have their specifier parts merged.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_preference(
+        self,
+        identifier,
+        resolutions,
+        candidates,
+        information,
+        backtrack_causes,
+    ):
+        """Produce a sort key for given requirement based on preference.
+
+        The preference is defined as "I think this requirement should be
+        resolved first". The lower the return value is, the more preferred
+        this group of arguments is.
+
+        :param identifier: An identifier as returned by ``identify()``. This
+            identifies the dependency matches which should be returned.
+        :param resolutions: Mapping of candidates currently pinned by the
+            resolver. Each key is an identifier, and the value is a candidate.
+            The candidate may conflict with requirements from ``information``.
+        :param candidates: Mapping of each dependency's possible candidates.
+            Each value is an iterator of candidates.
+        :param information: Mapping of requirement information of each package.
+            Each value is an iterator of *requirement information*.
+        :param backtrack_causes: Sequence of requirement information that were
+            the requirements that caused the resolver to most recently backtrack.
+
+        A *requirement information* instance is a named tuple with two members:
+
+        * ``requirement`` specifies a requirement contributing to the current
+          list of candidates.
+        * ``parent`` specifies the candidate that provides (depended on) the
+          requirement, or ``None`` to indicate a root requirement.
+
+        The preference could depend on various issues, including (not
+        necessarily in this order):
+
+        * Is this package pinned in the current resolution result?
+        * How relaxed is the requirement? Stricter ones should probably be
+          worked on first? (I don't know, actually.)
+        * How many possibilities are there to satisfy this requirement? Those
+          with few left should likely be worked on first, I guess?
+        * Are there any known conflicts for this requirement? We should
+          probably work on those with the most known conflicts.
+
+        A sortable value should be returned (this will be used as the ``key``
+        parameter of the built-in sorting function). The smaller the value is,
+        the more preferred this requirement is (i.e. the sorting function
+        is called with ``reverse=False``).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def find_matches(self, identifier, requirements, incompatibilities):
+        """Find all possible candidates that satisfy the given constraints.
+
+        :param identifier: An identifier as returned by ``identify()``. This
+            identifies the dependency matches of which should be returned.
+        :param requirements: A mapping of requirements that all returned
+            candidates must satisfy. Each key is an identifier, and the value
+            an iterator of requirements for that dependency.
+        :param incompatibilities: A mapping of known incompatibilities of
+            each dependency. Each key is an identifier, and the value an
+            iterator of incompatibilities known to the resolver. All
+            incompatibilities *must* be excluded from the return value.
+
+        This should try to get candidates based on the requirements' types.
+        For VCS, local, and archive requirements, the one-and-only match is
+        returned, and for a "named" requirement, the index(es) should be
+        consulted to find concrete candidates for this requirement.
+
+        The return value should produce candidates ordered by preference; the
+        most preferred candidate should come first. The return type may be one
+        of the following:
+
+        * A callable that returns an iterator that yields candidates.
+        * An collection of candidates.
+        * An iterable of candidates. This will be consumed immediately into a
+          list of candidates.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, requirement, candidate):
+        """Whether the given requirement can be satisfied by a candidate.
+
+        The candidate is guaranteed to have been generated from the
+        requirement.
+
+        A boolean should be returned to indicate whether ``candidate`` is a
+        viable solution to the requirement.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_dependencies(self, candidate):
+        """Get dependencies of a candidate.
+
+        This should return a collection of requirements that `candidate`
+        specifies as its dependencies.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class AbstractResolver(object):
+    """The thing that performs the actual resolution work."""
+
+    base_exception = Exception
+
+    def __init__(self, provider, reporter):
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.reporter = reporter
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, **kwargs):
+        """Take a collection of constraints, spit out the resolution result.
+
+        This returns a representation of the final resolution state, with one
+        guarenteed attribute ``mapping`` that contains resolved candidates as
+        values. The keys are their respective identifiers.
+
+        :param requirements: A collection of constraints.
+        :param kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that subclasses may accept.
+
+        :raises: ``self.base_exception`` or its subclass.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..688b5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+class BaseReporter(object):
+    """Delegate class to provider progress reporting for the resolver."""
+
+    def starting(self):
+        """Called before the resolution actually starts."""
+
+    def starting_round(self, index):
+        """Called before each round of resolution starts.
+
+        The index is zero-based.
+        """
+
+    def ending_round(self, index, state):
+        """Called before each round of resolution ends.
+
+        This is NOT called if the resolution ends at this round. Use `ending`
+        if you want to report finalization. The index is zero-based.
+        """
+
+    def ending(self, state):
+        """Called before the resolution ends successfully."""
+
+    def adding_requirement(self, requirement, parent):
+        """Called when adding a new requirement into the resolve criteria.
+
+        :param requirement: The additional requirement to be applied to filter
+            the available candidaites.
+        :param parent: The candidate that requires ``requirement`` as a
+            dependency, or None if ``requirement`` is one of the root
+            requirements passed in from ``Resolver.resolve()``.
+        """
+
+    def resolving_conflicts(self, causes):
+        """Called when starting to attempt requirement conflict resolution.
+
+        :param causes: The information on the collision that caused the backtracking.
+        """
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion, candidate):
+        """Called when rejecting a candidate during backtracking."""
+
+    def pinning(self, candidate):
+        """Called when adding a candidate to the potential solution."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c3d0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+import collections
+import itertools
+import operator
+
+from .providers import AbstractResolver
+from .structs import DirectedGraph, IteratorMapping, build_iter_view
+
+RequirementInformation = collections.namedtuple(
+    "RequirementInformation", ["requirement", "parent"]
+)
+
+
+class ResolverException(Exception):
+    """A base class for all exceptions raised by this module.
+
+    Exceptions derived by this class should all be handled in this module. Any
+    bubbling pass the resolver should be treated as a bug.
+    """
+
+
+class RequirementsConflicted(ResolverException):
+    def __init__(self, criterion):
+        super(RequirementsConflicted, self).__init__(criterion)
+        self.criterion = criterion
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Requirements conflict: {}".format(
+            ", ".join(repr(r) for r in self.criterion.iter_requirement()),
+        )
+
+
+class InconsistentCandidate(ResolverException):
+    def __init__(self, candidate, criterion):
+        super(InconsistentCandidate, self).__init__(candidate, criterion)
+        self.candidate = candidate
+        self.criterion = criterion
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Provided candidate {!r} does not satisfy {}".format(
+            self.candidate,
+            ", ".join(repr(r) for r in self.criterion.iter_requirement()),
+        )
+
+
+class Criterion(object):
+    """Representation of possible resolution results of a package.
+
+    This holds three attributes:
+
+    * `information` is a collection of `RequirementInformation` pairs.
+      Each pair is a requirement contributing to this criterion, and the
+      candidate that provides the requirement.
+    * `incompatibilities` is a collection of all known not-to-work candidates
+      to exclude from consideration.
+    * `candidates` is a collection containing all possible candidates deducted
+      from the union of contributing requirements and known incompatibilities.
+      It should never be empty, except when the criterion is an attribute of a
+      raised `RequirementsConflicted` (in which case it is always empty).
+
+    .. note::
+        This class is intended to be externally immutable. **Do not** mutate
+        any of its attribute containers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, candidates, information, incompatibilities):
+        self.candidates = candidates
+        self.information = information
+        self.incompatibilities = incompatibilities
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        requirements = ", ".join(
+            "({!r}, via={!r})".format(req, parent)
+            for req, parent in self.information
+        )
+        return "Criterion({})".format(requirements)
+
+    def iter_requirement(self):
+        return (i.requirement for i in self.information)
+
+    def iter_parent(self):
+        return (i.parent for i in self.information)
+
+
+class ResolutionError(ResolverException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ResolutionImpossible(ResolutionError):
+    def __init__(self, causes):
+        super(ResolutionImpossible, self).__init__(causes)
+        # causes is a list of RequirementInformation objects
+        self.causes = causes
+
+
+class ResolutionTooDeep(ResolutionError):
+    def __init__(self, round_count):
+        super(ResolutionTooDeep, self).__init__(round_count)
+        self.round_count = round_count
+
+
+# Resolution state in a round.
+State = collections.namedtuple("State", "mapping criteria backtrack_causes")
+
+
+class Resolution(object):
+    """Stateful resolution object.
+
+    This is designed as a one-off object that holds information to kick start
+    the resolution process, and holds the results afterwards.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider, reporter):
+        self._p = provider
+        self._r = reporter
+        self._states = []
+
+    @property
+    def state(self):
+        try:
+            return self._states[-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise AttributeError("state")
+
+    def _push_new_state(self):
+        """Push a new state into history.
+
+        This new state will be used to hold resolution results of the next
+        coming round.
+        """
+        base = self._states[-1]
+        state = State(
+            mapping=base.mapping.copy(),
+            criteria=base.criteria.copy(),
+            backtrack_causes=base.backtrack_causes[:],
+        )
+        self._states.append(state)
+
+    def _add_to_criteria(self, criteria, requirement, parent):
+        self._r.adding_requirement(requirement=requirement, parent=parent)
+
+        identifier = self._p.identify(requirement_or_candidate=requirement)
+        criterion = criteria.get(identifier)
+        if criterion:
+            incompatibilities = list(criterion.incompatibilities)
+        else:
+            incompatibilities = []
+
+        matches = self._p.find_matches(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            requirements=IteratorMapping(
+                criteria,
+                operator.methodcaller("iter_requirement"),
+                {identifier: [requirement]},
+            ),
+            incompatibilities=IteratorMapping(
+                criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("incompatibilities"),
+                {identifier: incompatibilities},
+            ),
+        )
+
+        if criterion:
+            information = list(criterion.information)
+            information.append(RequirementInformation(requirement, parent))
+        else:
+            information = [RequirementInformation(requirement, parent)]
+
+        criterion = Criterion(
+            candidates=build_iter_view(matches),
+            information=information,
+            incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+        )
+        if not criterion.candidates:
+            raise RequirementsConflicted(criterion)
+        criteria[identifier] = criterion
+
+    def _remove_information_from_criteria(self, criteria, parents):
+        """Remove information from parents of criteria.
+
+        Concretely, removes all values from each criterion's ``information``
+        field that have one of ``parents`` as provider of the requirement.
+
+        :param criteria: The criteria to update.
+        :param parents: Identifiers for which to remove information from all criteria.
+        """
+        if not parents:
+            return
+        for key, criterion in criteria.items():
+            criteria[key] = Criterion(
+                criterion.candidates,
+                [
+                    information
+                    for information in criterion.information
+                    if (
+                        information.parent is None
+                        or self._p.identify(information.parent) not in parents
+                    )
+                ],
+                criterion.incompatibilities,
+            )
+
+    def _get_preference(self, name):
+        return self._p.get_preference(
+            identifier=name,
+            resolutions=self.state.mapping,
+            candidates=IteratorMapping(
+                self.state.criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("candidates"),
+            ),
+            information=IteratorMapping(
+                self.state.criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("information"),
+            ),
+            backtrack_causes=self.state.backtrack_causes,
+        )
+
+    def _is_current_pin_satisfying(self, name, criterion):
+        try:
+            current_pin = self.state.mapping[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        return all(
+            self._p.is_satisfied_by(requirement=r, candidate=current_pin)
+            for r in criterion.iter_requirement()
+        )
+
+    def _get_updated_criteria(self, candidate):
+        criteria = self.state.criteria.copy()
+        for requirement in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate=candidate):
+            self._add_to_criteria(criteria, requirement, parent=candidate)
+        return criteria
+
+    def _attempt_to_pin_criterion(self, name):
+        criterion = self.state.criteria[name]
+
+        causes = []
+        for candidate in criterion.candidates:
+            try:
+                criteria = self._get_updated_criteria(candidate)
+            except RequirementsConflicted as e:
+                self._r.rejecting_candidate(e.criterion, candidate)
+                causes.append(e.criterion)
+                continue
+
+            # Check the newly-pinned candidate actually works. This should
+            # always pass under normal circumstances, but in the case of a
+            # faulty provider, we will raise an error to notify the implementer
+            # to fix find_matches() and/or is_satisfied_by().
+            satisfied = all(
+                self._p.is_satisfied_by(requirement=r, candidate=candidate)
+                for r in criterion.iter_requirement()
+            )
+            if not satisfied:
+                raise InconsistentCandidate(candidate, criterion)
+
+            self._r.pinning(candidate=candidate)
+            self.state.criteria.update(criteria)
+
+            # Put newly-pinned candidate at the end. This is essential because
+            # backtracking looks at this mapping to get the last pin.
+            self.state.mapping.pop(name, None)
+            self.state.mapping[name] = candidate
+
+            return []
+
+        # All candidates tried, nothing works. This criterion is a dead
+        # end, signal for backtracking.
+        return causes
+
+    def _backjump(self, causes):
+        """Perform backjumping.
+
+        When we enter here, the stack is like this::
+
+            [ state Z ]
+            [ state Y ]
+            [ state X ]
+            .... earlier states are irrelevant.
+
+        1. No pins worked for Z, so it does not have a pin.
+        2. We want to reset state Y to unpinned, and pin another candidate.
+        3. State X holds what state Y was before the pin, but does not
+           have the incompatibility information gathered in state Y.
+
+        Each iteration of the loop will:
+
+        1.  Identify Z. The incompatibility is not always caused by the latest
+            state. For example, given three requirements A, B and C, with
+            dependencies A1, B1 and C1, where A1 and B1 are incompatible: the
+            last state might be related to C, so we want to discard the
+            previous state.
+        2.  Discard Z.
+        3.  Discard Y but remember its incompatibility information gathered
+            previously, and the failure we're dealing with right now.
+        4.  Push a new state Y' based on X, and apply the incompatibility
+            information from Y to Y'.
+        5a. If this causes Y' to conflict, we need to backtrack again. Make Y'
+            the new Z and go back to step 2.
+        5b. If the incompatibilities apply cleanly, end backtracking.
+        """
+        incompatible_reqs = itertools.chain(
+            (c.parent for c in causes if c.parent is not None),
+            (c.requirement for c in causes),
+        )
+        incompatible_deps = {self._p.identify(r) for r in incompatible_reqs}
+        while len(self._states) >= 3:
+            # Remove the state that triggered backtracking.
+            del self._states[-1]
+
+            # Ensure to backtrack to a state that caused the incompatibility
+            incompatible_state = False
+            while not incompatible_state:
+                # Retrieve the last candidate pin and known incompatibilities.
+                try:
+                    broken_state = self._states.pop()
+                    name, candidate = broken_state.mapping.popitem()
+                except (IndexError, KeyError):
+                    raise ResolutionImpossible(causes)
+                current_dependencies = {
+                    self._p.identify(d)
+                    for d in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate)
+                }
+                incompatible_state = not current_dependencies.isdisjoint(
+                    incompatible_deps
+                )
+
+            incompatibilities_from_broken = [
+                (k, list(v.incompatibilities))
+                for k, v in broken_state.criteria.items()
+            ]
+
+            # Also mark the newly known incompatibility.
+            incompatibilities_from_broken.append((name, [candidate]))
+
+            # Create a new state from the last known-to-work one, and apply
+            # the previously gathered incompatibility information.
+            def _patch_criteria():
+                for k, incompatibilities in incompatibilities_from_broken:
+                    if not incompatibilities:
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        criterion = self.state.criteria[k]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        continue
+                    matches = self._p.find_matches(
+                        identifier=k,
+                        requirements=IteratorMapping(
+                            self.state.criteria,
+                            operator.methodcaller("iter_requirement"),
+                        ),
+                        incompatibilities=IteratorMapping(
+                            self.state.criteria,
+                            operator.attrgetter("incompatibilities"),
+                            {k: incompatibilities},
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    candidates = build_iter_view(matches)
+                    if not candidates:
+                        return False
+                    incompatibilities.extend(criterion.incompatibilities)
+                    self.state.criteria[k] = Criterion(
+                        candidates=candidates,
+                        information=list(criterion.information),
+                        incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+                    )
+                return True
+
+            self._push_new_state()
+            success = _patch_criteria()
+
+            # It works! Let's work on this new state.
+            if success:
+                return True
+
+            # State does not work after applying known incompatibilities.
+            # Try the still previous state.
+
+        # No way to backtrack anymore.
+        return False
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, max_rounds):
+        if self._states:
+            raise RuntimeError("already resolved")
+
+        self._r.starting()
+
+        # Initialize the root state.
+        self._states = [
+            State(
+                mapping=collections.OrderedDict(),
+                criteria={},
+                backtrack_causes=[],
+            )
+        ]
+        for r in requirements:
+            try:
+                self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None)
+            except RequirementsConflicted as e:
+                raise ResolutionImpossible(e.criterion.information)
+
+        # The root state is saved as a sentinel so the first ever pin can have
+        # something to backtrack to if it fails. The root state is basically
+        # pinning the virtual "root" package in the graph.
+        self._push_new_state()
+
+        for round_index in range(max_rounds):
+            self._r.starting_round(index=round_index)
+
+            unsatisfied_names = [
+                key
+                for key, criterion in self.state.criteria.items()
+                if not self._is_current_pin_satisfying(key, criterion)
+            ]
+
+            # All criteria are accounted for. Nothing more to pin, we are done!
+            if not unsatisfied_names:
+                self._r.ending(state=self.state)
+                return self.state
+
+            # keep track of satisfied names to calculate diff after pinning
+            satisfied_names = set(self.state.criteria.keys()) - set(
+                unsatisfied_names
+            )
+
+            # Choose the most preferred unpinned criterion to try.
+            name = min(unsatisfied_names, key=self._get_preference)
+            failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name)
+
+            if failure_causes:
+                causes = [i for c in failure_causes for i in c.information]
+                # Backjump if pinning fails. The backjump process puts us in
+                # an unpinned state, so we can work on it in the next round.
+                self._r.resolving_conflicts(causes=causes)
+                success = self._backjump(causes)
+                self.state.backtrack_causes[:] = causes
+
+                # Dead ends everywhere. Give up.
+                if not success:
+                    raise ResolutionImpossible(self.state.backtrack_causes)
+            else:
+                # discard as information sources any invalidated names
+                # (unsatisfied names that were previously satisfied)
+                newly_unsatisfied_names = {
+                    key
+                    for key, criterion in self.state.criteria.items()
+                    if key in satisfied_names
+                    and not self._is_current_pin_satisfying(key, criterion)
+                }
+                self._remove_information_from_criteria(
+                    self.state.criteria, newly_unsatisfied_names
+                )
+                # Pinning was successful. Push a new state to do another pin.
+                self._push_new_state()
+
+            self._r.ending_round(index=round_index, state=self.state)
+
+        raise ResolutionTooDeep(max_rounds)
+
+
+def _has_route_to_root(criteria, key, all_keys, connected):
+    if key in connected:
+        return True
+    if key not in criteria:
+        return False
+    for p in criteria[key].iter_parent():
+        try:
+            pkey = all_keys[id(p)]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        if pkey in connected:
+            connected.add(key)
+            return True
+        if _has_route_to_root(criteria, pkey, all_keys, connected):
+            connected.add(key)
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+Result = collections.namedtuple("Result", "mapping graph criteria")
+
+
+def _build_result(state):
+    mapping = state.mapping
+    all_keys = {id(v): k for k, v in mapping.items()}
+    all_keys[id(None)] = None
+
+    graph = DirectedGraph()
+    graph.add(None)  # Sentinel as root dependencies' parent.
+
+    connected = {None}
+    for key, criterion in state.criteria.items():
+        if not _has_route_to_root(state.criteria, key, all_keys, connected):
+            continue
+        if key not in graph:
+            graph.add(key)
+        for p in criterion.iter_parent():
+            try:
+                pkey = all_keys[id(p)]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+            if pkey not in graph:
+                graph.add(pkey)
+            graph.connect(pkey, key)
+
+    return Result(
+        mapping={k: v for k, v in mapping.items() if k in connected},
+        graph=graph,
+        criteria=state.criteria,
+    )
+
+
+class Resolver(AbstractResolver):
+    """The thing that performs the actual resolution work."""
+
+    base_exception = ResolverException
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, max_rounds=100):
+        """Take a collection of constraints, spit out the resolution result.
+
+        The return value is a representation to the final resolution result. It
+        is a tuple subclass with three public members:
+
+        * `mapping`: A dict of resolved candidates. Each key is an identifier
+            of a requirement (as returned by the provider's `identify` method),
+            and the value is the resolved candidate.
+        * `graph`: A `DirectedGraph` instance representing the dependency tree.
+            The vertices are keys of `mapping`, and each edge represents *why*
+            a particular package is included. A special vertex `None` is
+            included to represent parents of user-supplied requirements.
+        * `criteria`: A dict of "criteria" that hold detailed information on
+            how edges in the graph are derived. Each key is an identifier of a
+            requirement, and the value is a `Criterion` instance.
+
+        The following exceptions may be raised if a resolution cannot be found:
+
+        * `ResolutionImpossible`: A resolution cannot be found for the given
+            combination of requirements. The `causes` attribute of the
+            exception is a list of (requirement, parent), giving the
+            requirements that could not be satisfied.
+        * `ResolutionTooDeep`: The dependency tree is too deeply nested and
+            the resolver gave up. This is usually caused by a circular
+            dependency, but you can try to resolve this by increasing the
+            `max_rounds` argument.
+        """
+        resolution = Resolution(self.provider, self.reporter)
+        state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
+        return _build_result(state)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..359a34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import itertools
+
+from .compat import collections_abc
+
+
+class DirectedGraph(object):
+    """A graph structure with directed edges."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._vertices = set()
+        self._forwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
+        self._backwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._vertices)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._vertices)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._vertices
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a shallow copy of this graph."""
+        other = DirectedGraph()
+        other._vertices = set(self._vertices)
+        other._forwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._forwards.items()}
+        other._backwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._backwards.items()}
+        return other
+
+    def add(self, key):
+        """Add a new vertex to the graph."""
+        if key in self._vertices:
+            raise ValueError("vertex exists")
+        self._vertices.add(key)
+        self._forwards[key] = set()
+        self._backwards[key] = set()
+
+    def remove(self, key):
+        """Remove a vertex from the graph, disconnecting all edges from/to it."""
+        self._vertices.remove(key)
+        for f in self._forwards.pop(key):
+            self._backwards[f].remove(key)
+        for t in self._backwards.pop(key):
+            self._forwards[t].remove(key)
+
+    def connected(self, f, t):
+        return f in self._backwards[t] and t in self._forwards[f]
+
+    def connect(self, f, t):
+        """Connect two existing vertices.
+
+        Nothing happens if the vertices are already connected.
+        """
+        if t not in self._vertices:
+            raise KeyError(t)
+        self._forwards[f].add(t)
+        self._backwards[t].add(f)
+
+    def iter_edges(self):
+        for f, children in self._forwards.items():
+            for t in children:
+                yield f, t
+
+    def iter_children(self, key):
+        return iter(self._forwards[key])
+
+    def iter_parents(self, key):
+        return iter(self._backwards[key])
+
+
+class IteratorMapping(collections_abc.Mapping):
+    def __init__(self, mapping, accessor, appends=None):
+        self._mapping = mapping
+        self._accessor = accessor
+        self._appends = appends or {}
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "IteratorMapping({!r}, {!r}, {!r})".format(
+            self._mapping,
+            self._accessor,
+            self._appends,
+        )
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._mapping or self._appends)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._mapping or key in self._appends
+
+    def __getitem__(self, k):
+        try:
+            v = self._mapping[k]
+        except KeyError:
+            return iter(self._appends[k])
+        return itertools.chain(self._accessor(v), self._appends.get(k, ()))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        more = (k for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
+        return itertools.chain(self._mapping, more)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        more = sum(1 for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
+        return len(self._mapping) + more
+
+
+class _FactoryIterableView(object):
+    """Wrap an iterator factory returned by `find_matches()`.
+
+    Calling `iter()` on this class would invoke the underlying iterator
+    factory, making it a "collection with ordering" that can be iterated
+    through multiple times, but lacks random access methods presented in
+    built-in Python sequence types.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, factory):
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._iterable = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, list(self))
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        try:
+            next(iter(self))
+        except StopIteration:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        iterable = (
+            self._factory() if self._iterable is None else self._iterable
+        )
+        self._iterable, current = itertools.tee(iterable)
+        return current
+
+
+class _SequenceIterableView(object):
+    """Wrap an iterable returned by find_matches().
+
+    This is essentially just a proxy to the underlying sequence that provides
+    the same interface as `_FactoryIterableView`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sequence):
+        self._sequence = sequence
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, self._sequence)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._sequence)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._sequence)
+
+
+def build_iter_view(matches):
+    """Build an iterable view from the value returned by `find_matches()`."""
+    if callable(matches):
+        return _FactoryIterableView(matches)
+    if not isinstance(matches, collections_abc.Sequence):
+        matches = list(matches)
+    return _SequenceIterableView(matches)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73f58d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal."""
+
+import os
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from ._extension import load_ipython_extension  # noqa: F401
+
+__all__ = ["get_console", "reconfigure", "print", "inspect", "print_json"]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console
+
+# Global console used by alternative print
+_console: Optional["Console"] = None
+
+try:
+    _IMPORT_CWD = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
+except FileNotFoundError:
+    # Can happen if the cwd has been deleted
+    _IMPORT_CWD = ""
+
+
+def get_console() -> "Console":
+    """Get a global :class:`~rich.console.Console` instance. This function is used when Rich requires a Console,
+    and hasn't been explicitly given one.
+
+    Returns:
+        Console: A console instance.
+    """
+    global _console
+    if _console is None:
+        from .console import Console
+
+        _console = Console()
+
+    return _console
+
+
+def reconfigure(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Reconfigures the global console by replacing it with another.
+
+    Args:
+        *args (Any): Positional arguments for the replacement :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+        **kwargs (Any): Keyword arguments for the replacement :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    new_console = Console(*args, **kwargs)
+    _console = get_console()
+    _console.__dict__ = new_console.__dict__
+
+
+def print(
+    *objects: Any,
+    sep: str = " ",
+    end: str = "\n",
+    file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    flush: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    r"""Print object(s) supplied via positional arguments.
+    This function has an identical signature to the built-in print.
+    For more advanced features, see the :class:`~rich.console.Console` class.
+
+    Args:
+        sep (str, optional): Separator between printed objects. Defaults to " ".
+        end (str, optional): Character to write at end of output. Defaults to "\\n".
+        file (IO[str], optional): File to write to, or None for stdout. Defaults to None.
+        flush (bool, optional): Has no effect as Rich always flushes output. Defaults to False.
+
+    """
+    from .console import Console
+
+    write_console = get_console() if file is None else Console(file=file)
+    return write_console.print(*objects, sep=sep, end=end)
+
+
+def print_json(
+    json: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    data: Any = None,
+    indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+    highlight: bool = True,
+    skip_keys: bool = False,
+    ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+    check_circular: bool = True,
+    allow_nan: bool = True,
+    default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+    sort_keys: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Pretty prints JSON. Output will be valid JSON.
+
+    Args:
+        json (str): A string containing JSON.
+        data (Any): If json is not supplied, then encode this data.
+        indent (int, optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 2.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting of output: Defaults to True.
+        skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+        ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+        check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+        allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+        default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+            in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    get_console().print_json(
+        json,
+        data=data,
+        indent=indent,
+        highlight=highlight,
+        skip_keys=skip_keys,
+        ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+        check_circular=check_circular,
+        allow_nan=allow_nan,
+        default=default,
+        sort_keys=sort_keys,
+    )
+
+
+def inspect(
+    obj: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    help: bool = False,
+    methods: bool = False,
+    docs: bool = True,
+    private: bool = False,
+    dunder: bool = False,
+    sort: bool = True,
+    all: bool = False,
+    value: bool = True,
+) -> None:
+    """Inspect any Python object.
+
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>) to see summarized info.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, methods=True) to see methods.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, help=True) to see full (non-abbreviated) help.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, private=True) to see private attributes (single underscore).
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, dunder=True) to see attributes beginning with double underscore.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, all=True) to see all attributes.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
+        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
+        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
+        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
+        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
+        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
+        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
+        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
+        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
+        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value. Defaults to True.
+    """
+    _console = console or get_console()
+    from pip._vendor.rich._inspect import Inspect
+
+    # Special case for inspect(inspect)
+    is_inspect = obj is inspect
+
+    _inspect = Inspect(
+        obj,
+        title=title,
+        help=is_inspect or help,
+        methods=is_inspect or methods,
+        docs=is_inspect or docs,
+        private=private,
+        dunder=dunder,
+        sort=sort,
+        all=all,
+        value=value,
+    )
+    _console.print(_inspect)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    print("Hello, **World**")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..270629f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+import colorsys
+import io
+from time import process_time
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import box
+from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, Group, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from pip._vendor.rich.markdown import Markdown
+from pip._vendor.rich.measure import Measurement
+from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import Pretty
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+
+class ColorBox:
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        for y in range(0, 5):
+            for x in range(options.max_width):
+                h = x / options.max_width
+                l = 0.1 + ((y / 5) * 0.7)
+                r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
+                r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + 0.7 / 10, 1.0)
+                bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
+                color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
+                yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
+            yield Segment.line()
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement(1, options.max_width)
+
+
+def make_test_card() -> Table:
+    """Get a renderable that demonstrates a number of features."""
+    table = Table.grid(padding=1, pad_edge=True)
+    table.title = "Rich features"
+    table.add_column("Feature", no_wrap=True, justify="center", style="bold red")
+    table.add_column("Demonstration")
+
+    color_table = Table(
+        box=None,
+        expand=False,
+        show_header=False,
+        show_edge=False,
+        pad_edge=False,
+    )
+    color_table.add_row(
+        (
+            "✓ [bold green]4-bit color[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold blue]8-bit color[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold magenta]Truecolor (16.7 million)[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold yellow]Dumb terminals[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold cyan]Automatic color conversion"
+        ),
+        ColorBox(),
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("Colors", color_table)
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "Styles",
+        "All ansi styles: [bold]bold[/], [dim]dim[/], [italic]italic[/italic], [underline]underline[/], [strike]strikethrough[/], [reverse]reverse[/], and even [blink]blink[/].",
+    )
+
+    lorem = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque in metus sed sapien ultricies pretium a at justo. Maecenas luctus velit et auctor maximus."
+    lorem_table = Table.grid(padding=1, collapse_padding=True)
+    lorem_table.pad_edge = False
+    lorem_table.add_row(
+        Text(lorem, justify="left", style="green"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="center", style="yellow"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="right", style="blue"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="full", style="red"),
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "Text",
+        Group(
+            Text.from_markup(
+                """Word wrap text. Justify [green]left[/], [yellow]center[/], [blue]right[/] or [red]full[/].\n"""
+            ),
+            lorem_table,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    def comparison(renderable1: RenderableType, renderable2: RenderableType) -> Table:
+        table = Table(show_header=False, pad_edge=False, box=None, expand=True)
+        table.add_column("1", ratio=1)
+        table.add_column("2", ratio=1)
+        table.add_row(renderable1, renderable2)
+        return table
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "Asian\nlanguage\nsupport",
+        ":flag_for_china:  该库支持中文，日文和韩文文本！\n:flag_for_japan:  ライブラリは中国語、日本語、韓国語のテキストをサポートしています\n:flag_for_south_korea:  이 라이브러리는 중국어, 일본어 및 한국어 텍스트를 지원합니다",
+    )
+
+    markup_example = (
+        "[bold magenta]Rich[/] supports a simple [i]bbcode[/i]-like [b]markup[/b] for [yellow]color[/], [underline]style[/], and emoji! "
+        ":+1: :apple: :ant: :bear: :baguette_bread: :bus: "
+    )
+    table.add_row("Markup", markup_example)
+
+    example_table = Table(
+        show_edge=False,
+        show_header=True,
+        expand=False,
+        row_styles=["none", "dim"],
+        box=box.SIMPLE,
+    )
+    example_table.add_column("[green]Date", style="green", no_wrap=True)
+    example_table.add_column("[blue]Title", style="blue")
+    example_table.add_column(
+        "[cyan]Production Budget",
+        style="cyan",
+        justify="right",
+        no_wrap=True,
+    )
+    example_table.add_column(
+        "[magenta]Box Office",
+        style="magenta",
+        justify="right",
+        no_wrap=True,
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "Dec 20, 2019",
+        "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker",
+        "$275,000,000",
+        "$375,126,118",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "May 25, 2018",
+        "[b]Solo[/]: A Star Wars Story",
+        "$275,000,000",
+        "$393,151,347",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "Dec 15, 2017",
+        "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",
+        "$262,000,000",
+        "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "May 19, 1999",
+        "Star Wars Ep. [b]I[/b]: [i]The phantom Menace",
+        "$115,000,000",
+        "$1,027,044,677",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("Tables", example_table)
+
+    code = '''\
+def iter_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value'''
+
+    pretty_data = {
+        "foo": [
+            3.1427,
+            (
+                "Paul Atreides",
+                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
+                "Thufir Hawat",
+            ),
+        ],
+        "atomic": (False, True, None),
+    }
+    table.add_row(
+        "Syntax\nhighlighting\n&\npretty\nprinting",
+        comparison(
+            Syntax(code, "python3", line_numbers=True, indent_guides=True),
+            Pretty(pretty_data, indent_guides=True),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    markdown_example = """\
+# Markdown
+
+Supports much of the *markdown* __syntax__!
+
+- Headers
+- Basic formatting: **bold**, *italic*, `code`
+- Block quotes
+- Lists, and more...
+    """
+    table.add_row(
+        "Markdown", comparison("[cyan]" + markdown_example, Markdown(markdown_example))
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "+more!",
+        """Progress bars, columns, styled logging handler, tracebacks, etc...""",
+    )
+    return table
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    console = Console(
+        file=io.StringIO(),
+        force_terminal=True,
+    )
+    test_card = make_test_card()
+
+    # Print once to warm cache
+    start = process_time()
+    console.print(test_card)
+    pre_cache_taken = round((process_time() - start) * 1000.0, 1)
+
+    console.file = io.StringIO()
+
+    start = process_time()
+    console.print(test_card)
+    taken = round((process_time() - start) * 1000.0, 1)
+
+    c = Console(record=True)
+    c.print(test_card)
+
+    print(f"rendered in {pre_cache_taken}ms (cold cache)")
+    print(f"rendered in {taken}ms (warm cache)")
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    sponsor_message = Table.grid(padding=1)
+    sponsor_message.add_column(style="green", justify="right")
+    sponsor_message.add_column(no_wrap=True)
+
+    sponsor_message.add_row(
+        "Textualize",
+        "[u blue link=https://github.com/textualize]https://github.com/textualize",
+    )
+    sponsor_message.add_row(
+        "Twitter",
+        "[u blue link=https://twitter.com/willmcgugan]https://twitter.com/willmcgugan",
+    )
+
+    intro_message = Text.from_markup(
+        """\
+We hope you enjoy using Rich!
+
+Rich is maintained with [red]:heart:[/] by [link=https://www.textualize.io]Textualize.io[/]
+
+- Will McGugan"""
+    )
+
+    message = Table.grid(padding=2)
+    message.add_column()
+    message.add_column(no_wrap=True)
+    message.add_row(intro_message, sponsor_message)
+
+    console.print(
+        Panel.fit(
+            message,
+            box=box.ROUNDED,
+            padding=(1, 2),
+            title="[b red]Thanks for trying out Rich!",
+            border_style="bright_blue",
+        ),
+        justify="center",
+    )
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+    (127488, 127490, 2),
+    (127504, 127547, 2),
+    (127552, 127560, 2),
+    (127568, 127569, 2),
+    (127584, 127589, 2),
+    (127744, 127776, 2),
+    (127789, 127797, 2),
+    (127799, 127868, 2),
+    (127870, 127891, 2),
+    (127904, 127946, 2),
+    (127951, 127955, 2),
+    (127968, 127984, 2),
+    (127988, 127988, 2),
+    (127992, 128062, 2),
+    (128064, 128064, 2),
+    (128066, 128252, 2),
+    (128255, 128317, 2),
+    (128331, 128334, 2),
+    (128336, 128359, 2),
+    (128378, 128378, 2),
+    (128405, 128406, 2),
+    (128420, 128420, 2),
+    (128507, 128591, 2),
+    (128640, 128709, 2),
+    (128716, 128716, 2),
+    (128720, 128722, 2),
+    (128725, 128727, 2),
+    (128747, 128748, 2),
+    (128756, 128764, 2),
+    (128992, 129003, 2),
+    (129292, 129338, 2),
+    (129340, 129349, 2),
+    (129351, 129400, 2),
+    (129402, 129483, 2),
+    (129485, 129535, 2),
+    (129648, 129652, 2),
+    (129656, 129658, 2),
+    (129664, 129670, 2),
+    (129680, 129704, 2),
+    (129712, 129718, 2),
+    (129728, 129730, 2),
+    (129744, 129750, 2),
+    (131072, 196605, 2),
+    (196608, 262141, 2),
+    (917760, 917999, 0),
+]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f2877b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3610 @@
+EMOJI = {
+    "1st_place_medal": "🥇",
+    "2nd_place_medal": "🥈",
+    "3rd_place_medal": "🥉",
+    "ab_button_(blood_type)": "🆎",
+    "atm_sign": "🏧",
+    "a_button_(blood_type)": "🅰",
+    "afghanistan": "🇦🇫",
+    "albania": "🇦🇱",
+    "algeria": "🇩🇿",
+    "american_samoa": "🇦🇸",
+    "andorra": "🇦🇩",
+    "angola": "🇦🇴",
+    "anguilla": "🇦🇮",
+    "antarctica": "🇦🇶",
+    "antigua_&_barbuda": "🇦🇬",
+    "aquarius": "♒",
+    "argentina": "🇦🇷",
+    "aries": "♈",
+    "armenia": "🇦🇲",
+    "aruba": "🇦🇼",
+    "ascension_island": "🇦🇨",
+    "australia": "🇦🇺",
+    "austria": "🇦🇹",
+    "azerbaijan": "🇦🇿",
+    "back_arrow": "🔙",
+    "b_button_(blood_type)": "🅱",
+    "bahamas": "🇧🇸",
+    "bahrain": "🇧🇭",
+    "bangladesh": "🇧🇩",
+    "barbados": "🇧🇧",
+    "belarus": "🇧🇾",
+    "belgium": "🇧🇪",
+    "belize": "🇧🇿",
+    "benin": "🇧🇯",
+    "bermuda": "🇧🇲",
+    "bhutan": "🇧🇹",
+    "bolivia": "🇧🇴",
+    "bosnia_&_herzegovina": "🇧🇦",
+    "botswana": "🇧🇼",
+    "bouvet_island": "🇧🇻",
+    "brazil": "🇧🇷",
+    "british_indian_ocean_territory": "🇮🇴",
+    "british_virgin_islands": "🇻🇬",
+    "brunei": "🇧🇳",
+    "bulgaria": "🇧🇬",
+    "burkina_faso": "🇧🇫",
+    "burundi": "🇧🇮",
+    "cl_button": "🆑",
+    "cool_button": "🆒",
+    "cambodia": "🇰🇭",
+    "cameroon": "🇨🇲",
+    "canada": "🇨🇦",
+    "canary_islands": "🇮🇨",
+    "cancer": "♋",
+    "cape_verde": "🇨🇻",
+    "capricorn": "♑",
+    "caribbean_netherlands": "🇧🇶",
+    "cayman_islands": "🇰🇾",
+    "central_african_republic": "🇨🇫",
+    "ceuta_&_melilla": "🇪🇦",
+    "chad": "🇹🇩",
+    "chile": "🇨🇱",
+    "china": "🇨🇳",
+    "christmas_island": "🇨🇽",
+    "christmas_tree": "🎄",
+    "clipperton_island": "🇨🇵",
+    "cocos_(keeling)_islands": "🇨🇨",
+    "colombia": "🇨🇴",
+    "comoros": "🇰🇲",
+    "congo_-_brazzaville": "🇨🇬",
+    "congo_-_kinshasa": "🇨🇩",
+    "cook_islands": "🇨🇰",
+    "costa_rica": "🇨🇷",
+    "croatia": "🇭🇷",
+    "cuba": "🇨🇺",
+    "curaçao": "🇨🇼",
+    "cyprus": "🇨🇾",
+    "czechia": "🇨🇿",
+    "côte_d’ivoire": "🇨🇮",
+    "denmark": "🇩🇰",
+    "diego_garcia": "🇩🇬",
+    "djibouti": "🇩🇯",
+    "dominica": "🇩🇲",
+    "dominican_republic": "🇩🇴",
+    "end_arrow": "🔚",
+    "ecuador": "🇪🇨",
+    "egypt": "🇪🇬",
+    "el_salvador": "🇸🇻",
+    "england": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0065\U000e006e\U000e0067\U000e007f",
+    "equatorial_guinea": "🇬🇶",
+    "eritrea": "🇪🇷",
+    "estonia": "🇪🇪",
+    "ethiopia": "🇪🇹",
+    "european_union": "🇪🇺",
+    "free_button": "🆓",
+    "falkland_islands": "🇫🇰",
+    "faroe_islands": "🇫🇴",
+    "fiji": "🇫🇯",
+    "finland": "🇫🇮",
+    "france": "🇫🇷",
+    "french_guiana": "🇬🇫",
+    "french_polynesia": "🇵🇫",
+    "french_southern_territories": "🇹🇫",
+    "gabon": "🇬🇦",
+    "gambia": "🇬🇲",
+    "gemini": "♊",
+    "georgia": "🇬🇪",
+    "germany": "🇩🇪",
+    "ghana": "🇬🇭",
+    "gibraltar": "🇬🇮",
+    "greece": "🇬🇷",
+    "greenland": "🇬🇱",
+    "grenada": "🇬🇩",
+    "guadeloupe": "🇬🇵",
+    "guam": "🇬🇺",
+    "guatemala": "🇬🇹",
+    "guernsey": "🇬🇬",
+    "guinea": "🇬🇳",
+    "guinea-bissau": "🇬🇼",
+    "guyana": "🇬🇾",
+    "haiti": "🇭🇹",
+    "heard_&_mcdonald_islands": "🇭🇲",
+    "honduras": "🇭🇳",
+    "hong_kong_sar_china": "🇭🇰",
+    "hungary": "🇭🇺",
+    "id_button": "🆔",
+    "iceland": "🇮🇸",
+    "india": "🇮🇳",
+    "indonesia": "🇮🇩",
+    "iran": "🇮🇷",
+    "iraq": "🇮🇶",
+    "ireland": "🇮🇪",
+    "isle_of_man": "🇮🇲",
+    "israel": "🇮🇱",
+    "italy": "🇮🇹",
+    "jamaica": "🇯🇲",
+    "japan": "🗾",
+    "japanese_acceptable_button": "🉑",
+    "japanese_application_button": "🈸",
+    "japanese_bargain_button": "🉐",
+    "japanese_castle": "🏯",
+    "japanese_congratulations_button": "㊗",
+    "japanese_discount_button": "🈹",
+    "japanese_dolls": "🎎",
+    "japanese_free_of_charge_button": "🈚",
+    "japanese_here_button": "🈁",
+    "japanese_monthly_amount_button": "🈷",
+    "japanese_no_vacancy_button": "🈵",
+    "japanese_not_free_of_charge_button": "🈶",
+    "japanese_open_for_business_button": "🈺",
+    "japanese_passing_grade_button": "🈴",
+    "japanese_post_office": "🏣",
+    "japanese_prohibited_button": "🈲",
+    "japanese_reserved_button": "🈯",
+    "japanese_secret_button": "㊙",
+    "japanese_service_charge_button": "🈂",
+    "japanese_symbol_for_beginner": "🔰",
+    "japanese_vacancy_button": "🈳",
+    "jersey": "🇯🇪",
+    "jordan": "🇯🇴",
+    "kazakhstan": "🇰🇿",
+    "kenya": "🇰🇪",
+    "kiribati": "🇰🇮",
+    "kosovo": "🇽🇰",
+    "kuwait": "🇰🇼",
+    "kyrgyzstan": "🇰🇬",
+    "laos": "🇱🇦",
+    "latvia": "🇱🇻",
+    "lebanon": "🇱🇧",
+    "leo": "♌",
+    "lesotho": "🇱🇸",
+    "liberia": "🇱🇷",
+    "libra": "♎",
+    "libya": "🇱🇾",
+    "liechtenstein": "🇱🇮",
+    "lithuania": "🇱🇹",
+    "luxembourg": "🇱🇺",
+    "macau_sar_china": "🇲🇴",
+    "macedonia": "🇲🇰",
+    "madagascar": "🇲🇬",
+    "malawi": "🇲🇼",
+    "malaysia": "🇲🇾",
+    "maldives": "🇲🇻",
+    "mali": "🇲🇱",
+    "malta": "🇲🇹",
+    "marshall_islands": "🇲🇭",
+    "martinique": "🇲🇶",
+    "mauritania": "🇲🇷",
+    "mauritius": "🇲🇺",
+    "mayotte": "🇾🇹",
+    "mexico": "🇲🇽",
+    "micronesia": "🇫🇲",
+    "moldova": "🇲🇩",
+    "monaco": "🇲🇨",
+    "mongolia": "🇲🇳",
+    "montenegro": "🇲🇪",
+    "montserrat": "🇲🇸",
+    "morocco": "🇲🇦",
+    "mozambique": "🇲🇿",
+    "mrs._claus": "🤶",
+    "mrs._claus_dark_skin_tone": "🤶🏿",
+    "mrs._claus_light_skin_tone": "🤶🏻",
+    "mrs._claus_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤶🏾",
+    "mrs._claus_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤶🏼",
+    "mrs._claus_medium_skin_tone": "🤶🏽",
+    "myanmar_(burma)": "🇲🇲",
+    "new_button": "🆕",
+    "ng_button": "🆖",
+    "namibia": "🇳🇦",
+    "nauru": "🇳🇷",
+    "nepal": "🇳🇵",
+    "netherlands": "🇳🇱",
+    "new_caledonia": "🇳🇨",
+    "new_zealand": "🇳🇿",
+    "nicaragua": "🇳🇮",
+    "niger": "🇳🇪",
+    "nigeria": "🇳🇬",
+    "niue": "🇳🇺",
+    "norfolk_island": "🇳🇫",
+    "north_korea": "🇰🇵",
+    "northern_mariana_islands": "🇲🇵",
+    "norway": "🇳🇴",
+    "ok_button": "🆗",
+    "ok_hand": "👌",
+    "ok_hand_dark_skin_tone": "👌🏿",
+    "ok_hand_light_skin_tone": "👌🏻",
+    "ok_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👌🏾",
+    "ok_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "👌🏼",
+    "ok_hand_medium_skin_tone": "👌🏽",
+    "on!_arrow": "🔛",
+    "o_button_(blood_type)": "🅾",
+    "oman": "🇴🇲",
+    "ophiuchus": "⛎",
+    "p_button": "🅿",
+    "pakistan": "🇵🇰",
+    "palau": "🇵🇼",
+    "palestinian_territories": "🇵🇸",
+    "panama": "🇵🇦",
+    "papua_new_guinea": "🇵🇬",
+    "paraguay": "🇵🇾",
+    "peru": "🇵🇪",
+    "philippines": "🇵🇭",
+    "pisces": "♓",
+    "pitcairn_islands": "🇵🇳",
+    "poland": "🇵🇱",
+    "portugal": "🇵🇹",
+    "puerto_rico": "🇵🇷",
+    "qatar": "🇶🇦",
+    "romania": "🇷🇴",
+    "russia": "🇷🇺",
+    "rwanda": "🇷🇼",
+    "réunion": "🇷🇪",
+    "soon_arrow": "🔜",
+    "sos_button": "🆘",
+    "sagittarius": "♐",
+    "samoa": "🇼🇸",
+    "san_marino": "🇸🇲",
+    "santa_claus": "🎅",
+    "santa_claus_dark_skin_tone": "🎅🏿",
+    "santa_claus_light_skin_tone": "🎅🏻",
+    "santa_claus_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🎅🏾",
+    "santa_claus_medium-light_skin_tone": "🎅🏼",
+    "santa_claus_medium_skin_tone": "🎅🏽",
+    "saudi_arabia": "🇸🇦",
+    "scorpio": "♏",
+    "scotland": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0073\U000e0063\U000e0074\U000e007f",
+    "senegal": "🇸🇳",
+    "serbia": "🇷🇸",
+    "seychelles": "🇸🇨",
+    "sierra_leone": "🇸🇱",
+    "singapore": "🇸🇬",
+    "sint_maarten": "🇸🇽",
+    "slovakia": "🇸🇰",
+    "slovenia": "🇸🇮",
+    "solomon_islands": "🇸🇧",
+    "somalia": "🇸🇴",
+    "south_africa": "🇿🇦",
+    "south_georgia_&_south_sandwich_islands": "🇬🇸",
+    "south_korea": "🇰🇷",
+    "south_sudan": "🇸🇸",
+    "spain": "🇪🇸",
+    "sri_lanka": "🇱🇰",
+    "st._barthélemy": "🇧🇱",
+    "st._helena": "🇸🇭",
+    "st._kitts_&_nevis": "🇰🇳",
+    "st._lucia": "🇱🇨",
+    "st._martin": "🇲🇫",
+    "st._pierre_&_miquelon": "🇵🇲",
+    "st._vincent_&_grenadines": "🇻🇨",
+    "statue_of_liberty": "🗽",
+    "sudan": "🇸🇩",
+    "suriname": "🇸🇷",
+    "svalbard_&_jan_mayen": "🇸🇯",
+    "swaziland": "🇸🇿",
+    "sweden": "🇸🇪",
+    "switzerland": "🇨🇭",
+    "syria": "🇸🇾",
+    "são_tomé_&_príncipe": "🇸🇹",
+    "t-rex": "🦖",
+    "top_arrow": "🔝",
+    "taiwan": "🇹🇼",
+    "tajikistan": "🇹🇯",
+    "tanzania": "🇹🇿",
+    "taurus": "♉",
+    "thailand": "🇹🇭",
+    "timor-leste": "🇹🇱",
+    "togo": "🇹🇬",
+    "tokelau": "🇹🇰",
+    "tokyo_tower": "🗼",
+    "tonga": "🇹🇴",
+    "trinidad_&_tobago": "🇹🇹",
+    "tristan_da_cunha": "🇹🇦",
+    "tunisia": "🇹🇳",
+    "turkey": "🦃",
+    "turkmenistan": "🇹🇲",
+    "turks_&_caicos_islands": "🇹🇨",
+    "tuvalu": "🇹🇻",
+    "u.s._outlying_islands": "🇺🇲",
+    "u.s._virgin_islands": "🇻🇮",
+    "up!_button": "🆙",
+    "uganda": "🇺🇬",
+    "ukraine": "🇺🇦",
+    "united_arab_emirates": "🇦🇪",
+    "united_kingdom": "🇬🇧",
+    "united_nations": "🇺🇳",
+    "united_states": "🇺🇸",
+    "uruguay": "🇺🇾",
+    "uzbekistan": "🇺🇿",
+    "vs_button": "🆚",
+    "vanuatu": "🇻🇺",
+    "vatican_city": "🇻🇦",
+    "venezuela": "🇻🇪",
+    "vietnam": "🇻🇳",
+    "virgo": "♍",
+    "wales": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0077\U000e006c\U000e0073\U000e007f",
+    "wallis_&_futuna": "🇼🇫",
+    "western_sahara": "🇪🇭",
+    "yemen": "🇾🇪",
+    "zambia": "🇿🇲",
+    "zimbabwe": "🇿🇼",
+    "abacus": "🧮",
+    "adhesive_bandage": "🩹",
+    "admission_tickets": "🎟",
+    "adult": "🧑",
+    "adult_dark_skin_tone": "🧑🏿",
+    "adult_light_skin_tone": "🧑🏻",
+    "adult_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧑🏾",
+    "adult_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧑🏼",
+    "adult_medium_skin_tone": "🧑🏽",
+    "aerial_tramway": "🚡",
+    "airplane": "✈",
+    "airplane_arrival": "🛬",
+    "airplane_departure": "🛫",
+    "alarm_clock": "⏰",
+    "alembic": "⚗",
+    "alien": "👽",
+    "alien_monster": "👾",
+    "ambulance": "🚑",
+    "american_football": "🏈",
+    "amphora": "🏺",
+    "anchor": "⚓",
+    "anger_symbol": "💢",
+    "angry_face": "😠",
+    "angry_face_with_horns": "👿",
+    "anguished_face": "😧",
+    "ant": "🐜",
+    "antenna_bars": "📶",
+    "anxious_face_with_sweat": "😰",
+    "articulated_lorry": "🚛",
+    "artist_palette": "🎨",
+    "astonished_face": "😲",
+    "atom_symbol": "⚛",
+    "auto_rickshaw": "🛺",
+    "automobile": "🚗",
+    "avocado": "🥑",
+    "axe": "🪓",
+    "baby": "👶",
+    "baby_angel": "👼",
+    "baby_angel_dark_skin_tone": "👼🏿",
+    "baby_angel_light_skin_tone": "👼🏻",
+    "baby_angel_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👼🏾",
+    "baby_angel_medium-light_skin_tone": "👼🏼",
+    "baby_angel_medium_skin_tone": "👼🏽",
+    "baby_bottle": "🍼",
+    "baby_chick": "🐤",
+    "baby_dark_skin_tone": "👶🏿",
+    "baby_light_skin_tone": "👶🏻",
+    "baby_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👶🏾",
+    "baby_medium-light_skin_tone": "👶🏼",
+    "baby_medium_skin_tone": "👶🏽",
+    "baby_symbol": "🚼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down": "👇",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_dark_skin_tone": "👇🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_light_skin_tone": "👇🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👇🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium-light_skin_tone": "👇🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium_skin_tone": "👇🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left": "👈",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_dark_skin_tone": "👈🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_light_skin_tone": "👈🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👈🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium-light_skin_tone": "👈🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium_skin_tone": "👈🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right": "👉",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_dark_skin_tone": "👉🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_light_skin_tone": "👉🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👉🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium-light_skin_tone": "👉🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium_skin_tone": "👉🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up": "👆",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_dark_skin_tone": "👆🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_light_skin_tone": "👆🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👆🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "👆🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium_skin_tone": "👆🏽",
+    "bacon": "🥓",
+    "badger": "🦡",
+    "badminton": "🏸",
+    "bagel": "🥯",
+    "baggage_claim": "🛄",
+    "baguette_bread": "🥖",
+    "balance_scale": "⚖",
+    "bald": "🦲",
+    "bald_man": "👨\u200d🦲",
+    "bald_woman": "👩\u200d🦲",
+    "ballet_shoes": "🩰",
+    "balloon": "🎈",
+    "ballot_box_with_ballot": "🗳",
+    "ballot_box_with_check": "☑",
+    "banana": "🍌",
+    "banjo": "🪕",
+    "bank": "🏦",
+    "bar_chart": "📊",
+    "barber_pole": "💈",
+    "baseball": "⚾",
+    "basket": "🧺",
+    "basketball": "🏀",
+    "bat": "🦇",
+    "bathtub": "🛁",
+    "battery": "🔋",
+    "beach_with_umbrella": "🏖",
+    "beaming_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😁",
+    "bear_face": "🐻",
+    "bearded_person": "🧔",
+    "bearded_person_dark_skin_tone": "🧔🏿",
+    "bearded_person_light_skin_tone": "🧔🏻",
+    "bearded_person_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧔🏾",
+    "bearded_person_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧔🏼",
+    "bearded_person_medium_skin_tone": "🧔🏽",
+    "beating_heart": "💓",
+    "bed": "🛏",
+    "beer_mug": "🍺",
+    "bell": "🔔",
+    "bell_with_slash": "🔕",
+    "bellhop_bell": "🛎",
+    "bento_box": "🍱",
+    "beverage_box": "🧃",
+    "bicycle": "🚲",
+    "bikini": "👙",
+    "billed_cap": "🧢",
+    "biohazard": "☣",
+    "bird": "🐦",
+    "birthday_cake": "🎂",
+    "black_circle": "⚫",
+    "black_flag": "🏴",
+    "black_heart": "🖤",
+    "black_large_square": "⬛",
+    "black_medium-small_square": "◾",
+    "black_medium_square": "◼",
+    "black_nib": "✒",
+    "black_small_square": "▪",
+    "black_square_button": "🔲",
+    "blond-haired_man": "👱\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_person": "👱",
+    "blond-haired_person_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿",
+    "blond-haired_person_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽",
+    "blond-haired_woman": "👱\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "blossom": "🌼",
+    "blowfish": "🐡",
+    "blue_book": "📘",
+    "blue_circle": "🔵",
+    "blue_heart": "💙",
+    "blue_square": "🟦",
+    "boar": "🐗",
+    "bomb": "💣",
+    "bone": "🦴",
+    "bookmark": "🔖",
+    "bookmark_tabs": "📑",
+    "books": "📚",
+    "bottle_with_popping_cork": "🍾",
+    "bouquet": "💐",
+    "bow_and_arrow": "🏹",
+    "bowl_with_spoon": "🥣",
+    "bowling": "🎳",
+    "boxing_glove": "🥊",
+    "boy": "👦",
+    "boy_dark_skin_tone": "👦🏿",
+    "boy_light_skin_tone": "👦🏻",
+    "boy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👦🏾",
+    "boy_medium-light_skin_tone": "👦🏼",
+    "boy_medium_skin_tone": "👦🏽",
+    "brain": "🧠",
+    "bread": "🍞",
+    "breast-feeding": "🤱",
+    "breast-feeding_dark_skin_tone": "🤱🏿",
+    "breast-feeding_light_skin_tone": "🤱🏻",
+    "breast-feeding_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤱🏾",
+    "breast-feeding_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤱🏼",
+    "breast-feeding_medium_skin_tone": "🤱🏽",
+    "brick": "🧱",
+    "bride_with_veil": "👰",
+    "bride_with_veil_dark_skin_tone": "👰🏿",
+    "bride_with_veil_light_skin_tone": "👰🏻",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👰🏾",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium-light_skin_tone": "👰🏼",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium_skin_tone": "👰🏽",
+    "bridge_at_night": "🌉",
+    "briefcase": "💼",
+    "briefs": "🩲",
+    "bright_button": "🔆",
+    "broccoli": "🥦",
+    "broken_heart": "💔",
+    "broom": "🧹",
+    "brown_circle": "🟤",
+    "brown_heart": "🤎",
+    "brown_square": "🟫",
+    "bug": "🐛",
+    "building_construction": "🏗",
+    "bullet_train": "🚅",
+    "burrito": "🌯",
+    "bus": "🚌",
+    "bus_stop": "🚏",
+    "bust_in_silhouette": "👤",
+    "busts_in_silhouette": "👥",
+    "butter": "🧈",
+    "butterfly": "🦋",
+    "cactus": "🌵",
+    "calendar": "📆",
+    "call_me_hand": "🤙",
+    "call_me_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🤙🏿",
+    "call_me_hand_light_skin_tone": "🤙🏻",
+    "call_me_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤙🏾",
+    "call_me_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤙🏼",
+    "call_me_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🤙🏽",
+    "camel": "🐫",
+    "camera": "📷",
+    "camera_with_flash": "📸",
+    "camping": "🏕",
+    "candle": "🕯",
+    "candy": "🍬",
+    "canned_food": "🥫",
+    "canoe": "🛶",
+    "card_file_box": "🗃",
+    "card_index": "📇",
+    "card_index_dividers": "🗂",
+    "carousel_horse": "🎠",
+    "carp_streamer": "🎏",
+    "carrot": "🥕",
+    "castle": "🏰",
+    "cat": "🐱",
+    "cat_face": "🐱",
+    "cat_face_with_tears_of_joy": "😹",
+    "cat_face_with_wry_smile": "😼",
+    "chains": "⛓",
+    "chair": "🪑",
+    "chart_decreasing": "📉",
+    "chart_increasing": "📈",
+    "chart_increasing_with_yen": "💹",
+    "cheese_wedge": "🧀",
+    "chequered_flag": "🏁",
+    "cherries": "🍒",
+    "cherry_blossom": "🌸",
+    "chess_pawn": "♟",
+    "chestnut": "🌰",
+    "chicken": "🐔",
+    "child": "🧒",
+    "child_dark_skin_tone": "🧒🏿",
+    "child_light_skin_tone": "🧒🏻",
+    "child_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧒🏾",
+    "child_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧒🏼",
+    "child_medium_skin_tone": "🧒🏽",
+    "children_crossing": "🚸",
+    "chipmunk": "🐿",
+    "chocolate_bar": "🍫",
+    "chopsticks": "🥢",
+    "church": "⛪",
+    "cigarette": "🚬",
+    "cinema": "🎦",
+    "circled_m": "Ⓜ",
+    "circus_tent": "🎪",
+    "cityscape": "🏙",
+    "cityscape_at_dusk": "🌆",
+    "clamp": "🗜",
+    "clapper_board": "🎬",
+    "clapping_hands": "👏",
+    "clapping_hands_dark_skin_tone": "👏🏿",
+    "clapping_hands_light_skin_tone": "👏🏻",
+    "clapping_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👏🏾",
+    "clapping_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "👏🏼",
+    "clapping_hands_medium_skin_tone": "👏🏽",
+    "classical_building": "🏛",
+    "clinking_beer_mugs": "🍻",
+    "clinking_glasses": "🥂",
+    "clipboard": "📋",
+    "clockwise_vertical_arrows": "🔃",
+    "closed_book": "📕",
+    "closed_mailbox_with_lowered_flag": "📪",
+    "closed_mailbox_with_raised_flag": "📫",
+    "closed_umbrella": "🌂",
+    "cloud": "☁",
+    "cloud_with_lightning": "🌩",
+    "cloud_with_lightning_and_rain": "⛈",
+    "cloud_with_rain": "🌧",
+    "cloud_with_snow": "🌨",
+    "clown_face": "🤡",
+    "club_suit": "♣",
+    "clutch_bag": "👝",
+    "coat": "🧥",
+    "cocktail_glass": "🍸",
+    "coconut": "🥥",
+    "coffin": "⚰",
+    "cold_face": "🥶",
+    "collision": "💥",
+    "comet": "☄",
+    "compass": "🧭",
+    "computer_disk": "💽",
+    "computer_mouse": "🖱",
+    "confetti_ball": "🎊",
+    "confounded_face": "😖",
+    "confused_face": "😕",
+    "construction": "🚧",
+    "construction_worker": "👷",
+    "construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿",
+    "construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻",
+    "construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾",
+    "construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼",
+    "construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽",
+    "control_knobs": "🎛",
+    "convenience_store": "🏪",
+    "cooked_rice": "🍚",
+    "cookie": "🍪",
+    "cooking": "🍳",
+    "copyright": "©",
+    "couch_and_lamp": "🛋",
+    "counterclockwise_arrows_button": "🔄",
+    "couple_with_heart": "💑",
+    "couple_with_heart_man_man": "👨\u200d❤️\u200d👨",
+    "couple_with_heart_woman_man": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d👨",
+    "couple_with_heart_woman_woman": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d👩",
+    "cow": "🐮",
+    "cow_face": "🐮",
+    "cowboy_hat_face": "🤠",
+    "crab": "🦀",
+    "crayon": "🖍",
+    "credit_card": "💳",
+    "crescent_moon": "🌙",
+    "cricket": "🦗",
+    "cricket_game": "🏏",
+    "crocodile": "🐊",
+    "croissant": "🥐",
+    "cross_mark": "❌",
+    "cross_mark_button": "❎",
+    "crossed_fingers": "🤞",
+    "crossed_fingers_dark_skin_tone": "🤞🏿",
+    "crossed_fingers_light_skin_tone": "🤞🏻",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤞🏾",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤞🏼",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium_skin_tone": "🤞🏽",
+    "crossed_flags": "🎌",
+    "crossed_swords": "⚔",
+    "crown": "👑",
+    "crying_cat_face": "😿",
+    "crying_face": "😢",
+    "crystal_ball": "🔮",
+    "cucumber": "🥒",
+    "cupcake": "🧁",
+    "cup_with_straw": "🥤",
+    "curling_stone": "🥌",
+    "curly_hair": "🦱",
+    "curly-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦱",
+    "curly-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦱",
+    "curly_loop": "➰",
+    "currency_exchange": "💱",
+    "curry_rice": "🍛",
+    "custard": "🍮",
+    "customs": "🛃",
+    "cut_of_meat": "🥩",
+    "cyclone": "🌀",
+    "dagger": "🗡",
+    "dango": "🍡",
+    "dashing_away": "💨",
+    "deaf_person": "🧏",
+    "deciduous_tree": "🌳",
+    "deer": "🦌",
+    "delivery_truck": "🚚",
+    "department_store": "🏬",
+    "derelict_house": "🏚",
+    "desert": "🏜",
+    "desert_island": "🏝",
+    "desktop_computer": "🖥",
+    "detective": "🕵",
+    "detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿",
+    "detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻",
+    "detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾",
+    "detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼",
+    "detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽",
+    "diamond_suit": "♦",
+    "diamond_with_a_dot": "💠",
+    "dim_button": "🔅",
+    "direct_hit": "🎯",
+    "disappointed_face": "😞",
+    "diving_mask": "🤿",
+    "diya_lamp": "🪔",
+    "dizzy": "💫",
+    "dizzy_face": "😵",
+    "dna": "🧬",
+    "dog": "🐶",
+    "dog_face": "🐶",
+    "dollar_banknote": "💵",
+    "dolphin": "🐬",
+    "door": "🚪",
+    "dotted_six-pointed_star": "🔯",
+    "double_curly_loop": "➿",
+    "double_exclamation_mark": "‼",
+    "doughnut": "🍩",
+    "dove": "🕊",
+    "down-left_arrow": "↙",
+    "down-right_arrow": "↘",
+    "down_arrow": "⬇",
+    "downcast_face_with_sweat": "😓",
+    "downwards_button": "🔽",
+    "dragon": "🐉",
+    "dragon_face": "🐲",
+    "dress": "👗",
+    "drooling_face": "🤤",
+    "drop_of_blood": "🩸",
+    "droplet": "💧",
+    "drum": "🥁",
+    "duck": "🦆",
+    "dumpling": "🥟",
+    "dvd": "📀",
+    "e-mail": "📧",
+    "eagle": "🦅",
+    "ear": "👂",
+    "ear_dark_skin_tone": "👂🏿",
+    "ear_light_skin_tone": "👂🏻",
+    "ear_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👂🏾",
+    "ear_medium-light_skin_tone": "👂🏼",
+    "ear_medium_skin_tone": "👂🏽",
+    "ear_of_corn": "🌽",
+    "ear_with_hearing_aid": "🦻",
+    "egg": "🍳",
+    "eggplant": "🍆",
+    "eight-pointed_star": "✴",
+    "eight-spoked_asterisk": "✳",
+    "eight-thirty": "🕣",
+    "eight_o’clock": "🕗",
+    "eject_button": "⏏",
+    "electric_plug": "🔌",
+    "elephant": "🐘",
+    "eleven-thirty": "🕦",
+    "eleven_o’clock": "🕚",
+    "elf": "🧝",
+    "elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿",
+    "elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻",
+    "elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾",
+    "elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼",
+    "elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽",
+    "envelope": "✉",
+    "envelope_with_arrow": "📩",
+    "euro_banknote": "💶",
+    "evergreen_tree": "🌲",
+    "ewe": "🐑",
+    "exclamation_mark": "❗",
+    "exclamation_question_mark": "⁉",
+    "exploding_head": "🤯",
+    "expressionless_face": "😑",
+    "eye": "👁",
+    "eye_in_speech_bubble": "👁️\u200d🗨️",
+    "eyes": "👀",
+    "face_blowing_a_kiss": "😘",
+    "face_savoring_food": "😋",
+    "face_screaming_in_fear": "😱",
+    "face_vomiting": "🤮",
+    "face_with_hand_over_mouth": "🤭",
+    "face_with_head-bandage": "🤕",
+    "face_with_medical_mask": "😷",
+    "face_with_monocle": "🧐",
+    "face_with_open_mouth": "😮",
+    "face_with_raised_eyebrow": "🤨",
+    "face_with_rolling_eyes": "🙄",
+    "face_with_steam_from_nose": "😤",
+    "face_with_symbols_on_mouth": "🤬",
+    "face_with_tears_of_joy": "😂",
+    "face_with_thermometer": "🤒",
+    "face_with_tongue": "😛",
+    "face_without_mouth": "😶",
+    "factory": "🏭",
+    "fairy": "🧚",
+    "fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿",
+    "fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻",
+    "fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾",
+    "fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼",
+    "fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽",
+    "falafel": "🧆",
+    "fallen_leaf": "🍂",
+    "family": "👪",
+    "family_man_boy": "👨\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_girl": "👨\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_man_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_girl": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_man_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_woman_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_girl": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_woman_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_boy": "👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_boy_boy": "👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_girl": "👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_girl_boy": "👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_girl_girl": "👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_woman_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_boy_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl_girl": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "fast-forward_button": "⏩",
+    "fast_down_button": "⏬",
+    "fast_reverse_button": "⏪",
+    "fast_up_button": "⏫",
+    "fax_machine": "📠",
+    "fearful_face": "😨",
+    "female_sign": "♀",
+    "ferris_wheel": "🎡",
+    "ferry": "⛴",
+    "field_hockey": "🏑",
+    "file_cabinet": "🗄",
+    "file_folder": "📁",
+    "film_frames": "🎞",
+    "film_projector": "📽",
+    "fire": "🔥",
+    "fire_extinguisher": "🧯",
+    "firecracker": "🧨",
+    "fire_engine": "🚒",
+    "fireworks": "🎆",
+    "first_quarter_moon": "🌓",
+    "first_quarter_moon_face": "🌛",
+    "fish": "🐟",
+    "fish_cake_with_swirl": "🍥",
+    "fishing_pole": "🎣",
+    "five-thirty": "🕠",
+    "five_o’clock": "🕔",
+    "flag_in_hole": "⛳",
+    "flamingo": "🦩",
+    "flashlight": "🔦",
+    "flat_shoe": "🥿",
+    "fleur-de-lis": "⚜",
+    "flexed_biceps": "💪",
+    "flexed_biceps_dark_skin_tone": "💪🏿",
+    "flexed_biceps_light_skin_tone": "💪🏻",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💪🏾",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium-light_skin_tone": "💪🏼",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium_skin_tone": "💪🏽",
+    "floppy_disk": "💾",
+    "flower_playing_cards": "🎴",
+    "flushed_face": "😳",
+    "flying_disc": "🥏",
+    "flying_saucer": "🛸",
+    "fog": "🌫",
+    "foggy": "🌁",
+    "folded_hands": "🙏",
+    "folded_hands_dark_skin_tone": "🙏🏿",
+    "folded_hands_light_skin_tone": "🙏🏻",
+    "folded_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙏🏾",
+    "folded_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙏🏼",
+    "folded_hands_medium_skin_tone": "🙏🏽",
+    "foot": "🦶",
+    "footprints": "👣",
+    "fork_and_knife": "🍴",
+    "fork_and_knife_with_plate": "🍽",
+    "fortune_cookie": "🥠",
+    "fountain": "⛲",
+    "fountain_pen": "🖋",
+    "four-thirty": "🕟",
+    "four_leaf_clover": "🍀",
+    "four_o’clock": "🕓",
+    "fox_face": "🦊",
+    "framed_picture": "🖼",
+    "french_fries": "🍟",
+    "fried_shrimp": "🍤",
+    "frog_face": "🐸",
+    "front-facing_baby_chick": "🐥",
+    "frowning_face": "☹",
+    "frowning_face_with_open_mouth": "😦",
+    "fuel_pump": "⛽",
+    "full_moon": "🌕",
+    "full_moon_face": "🌝",
+    "funeral_urn": "⚱",
+    "game_die": "🎲",
+    "garlic": "🧄",
+    "gear": "⚙",
+    "gem_stone": "💎",
+    "genie": "🧞",
+    "ghost": "👻",
+    "giraffe": "🦒",
+    "girl": "👧",
+    "girl_dark_skin_tone": "👧🏿",
+    "girl_light_skin_tone": "👧🏻",
+    "girl_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👧🏾",
+    "girl_medium-light_skin_tone": "👧🏼",
+    "girl_medium_skin_tone": "👧🏽",
+    "glass_of_milk": "🥛",
+    "glasses": "👓",
+    "globe_showing_americas": "🌎",
+    "globe_showing_asia-australia": "🌏",
+    "globe_showing_europe-africa": "🌍",
+    "globe_with_meridians": "🌐",
+    "gloves": "🧤",
+    "glowing_star": "🌟",
+    "goal_net": "🥅",
+    "goat": "🐐",
+    "goblin": "👺",
+    "goggles": "🥽",
+    "gorilla": "🦍",
+    "graduation_cap": "🎓",
+    "grapes": "🍇",
+    "green_apple": "🍏",
+    "green_book": "📗",
+    "green_circle": "🟢",
+    "green_heart": "💚",
+    "green_salad": "🥗",
+    "green_square": "🟩",
+    "grimacing_face": "😬",
+    "grinning_cat_face": "😺",
+    "grinning_cat_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😸",
+    "grinning_face": "😀",
+    "grinning_face_with_big_eyes": "😃",
+    "grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😄",
+    "grinning_face_with_sweat": "😅",
+    "grinning_squinting_face": "😆",
+    "growing_heart": "💗",
+    "guard": "💂",
+    "guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿",
+    "guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻",
+    "guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾",
+    "guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼",
+    "guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽",
+    "guide_dog": "🦮",
+    "guitar": "🎸",
+    "hamburger": "🍔",
+    "hammer": "🔨",
+    "hammer_and_pick": "⚒",
+    "hammer_and_wrench": "🛠",
+    "hamster_face": "🐹",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed": "🖐",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_dark_skin_tone": "🖐🏿",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_light_skin_tone": "🖐🏻",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖐🏾",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖐🏼",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium_skin_tone": "🖐🏽",
+    "handbag": "👜",
+    "handshake": "🤝",
+    "hatching_chick": "🐣",
+    "headphone": "🎧",
+    "hear-no-evil_monkey": "🙉",
+    "heart_decoration": "💟",
+    "heart_suit": "♥",
+    "heart_with_arrow": "💘",
+    "heart_with_ribbon": "💝",
+    "heavy_check_mark": "✔",
+    "heavy_division_sign": "➗",
+    "heavy_dollar_sign": "💲",
+    "heavy_heart_exclamation": "❣",
+    "heavy_large_circle": "⭕",
+    "heavy_minus_sign": "➖",
+    "heavy_multiplication_x": "✖",
+    "heavy_plus_sign": "➕",
+    "hedgehog": "🦔",
+    "helicopter": "🚁",
+    "herb": "🌿",
+    "hibiscus": "🌺",
+    "high-heeled_shoe": "👠",
+    "high-speed_train": "🚄",
+    "high_voltage": "⚡",
+    "hiking_boot": "🥾",
+    "hindu_temple": "🛕",
+    "hippopotamus": "🦛",
+    "hole": "🕳",
+    "honey_pot": "🍯",
+    "honeybee": "🐝",
+    "horizontal_traffic_light": "🚥",
+    "horse": "🐴",
+    "horse_face": "🐴",
+    "horse_racing": "🏇",
+    "horse_racing_dark_skin_tone": "🏇🏿",
+    "horse_racing_light_skin_tone": "🏇🏻",
+    "horse_racing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏇🏾",
+    "horse_racing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏇🏼",
+    "horse_racing_medium_skin_tone": "🏇🏽",
+    "hospital": "🏥",
+    "hot_beverage": "☕",
+    "hot_dog": "🌭",
+    "hot_face": "🥵",
+    "hot_pepper": "🌶",
+    "hot_springs": "♨",
+    "hotel": "🏨",
+    "hourglass_done": "⌛",
+    "hourglass_not_done": "⏳",
+    "house": "🏠",
+    "house_with_garden": "🏡",
+    "houses": "🏘",
+    "hugging_face": "🤗",
+    "hundred_points": "💯",
+    "hushed_face": "😯",
+    "ice": "🧊",
+    "ice_cream": "🍨",
+    "ice_hockey": "🏒",
+    "ice_skate": "⛸",
+    "inbox_tray": "📥",
+    "incoming_envelope": "📨",
+    "index_pointing_up": "☝",
+    "index_pointing_up_dark_skin_tone": "☝🏿",
+    "index_pointing_up_light_skin_tone": "☝🏻",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "☝🏾",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "☝🏼",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium_skin_tone": "☝🏽",
+    "infinity": "♾",
+    "information": "ℹ",
+    "input_latin_letters": "🔤",
+    "input_latin_lowercase": "🔡",
+    "input_latin_uppercase": "🔠",
+    "input_numbers": "🔢",
+    "input_symbols": "🔣",
+    "jack-o-lantern": "🎃",
+    "jeans": "👖",
+    "jigsaw": "🧩",
+    "joker": "🃏",
+    "joystick": "🕹",
+    "kaaba": "🕋",
+    "kangaroo": "🦘",
+    "key": "🔑",
+    "keyboard": "⌨",
+    "keycap_#": "#️⃣",
+    "keycap_*": "*️⃣",
+    "keycap_0": "0️⃣",
+    "keycap_1": "1️⃣",
+    "keycap_10": "🔟",
+    "keycap_2": "2️⃣",
+    "keycap_3": "3️⃣",
+    "keycap_4": "4️⃣",
+    "keycap_5": "5️⃣",
+    "keycap_6": "6️⃣",
+    "keycap_7": "7️⃣",
+    "keycap_8": "8️⃣",
+    "keycap_9": "9️⃣",
+    "kick_scooter": "🛴",
+    "kimono": "👘",
+    "kiss": "💋",
+    "kiss_man_man": "👨\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👨",
+    "kiss_mark": "💋",
+    "kiss_woman_man": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👨",
+    "kiss_woman_woman": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👩",
+    "kissing_cat_face": "😽",
+    "kissing_face": "😗",
+    "kissing_face_with_closed_eyes": "😚",
+    "kissing_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😙",
+    "kitchen_knife": "🔪",
+    "kite": "🪁",
+    "kiwi_fruit": "🥝",
+    "koala": "🐨",
+    "lab_coat": "🥼",
+    "label": "🏷",
+    "lacrosse": "🥍",
+    "lady_beetle": "🐞",
+    "laptop_computer": "💻",
+    "large_blue_diamond": "🔷",
+    "large_orange_diamond": "🔶",
+    "last_quarter_moon": "🌗",
+    "last_quarter_moon_face": "🌜",
+    "last_track_button": "⏮",
+    "latin_cross": "✝",
+    "leaf_fluttering_in_wind": "🍃",
+    "leafy_green": "🥬",
+    "ledger": "📒",
+    "left-facing_fist": "🤛",
+    "left-facing_fist_dark_skin_tone": "🤛🏿",
+    "left-facing_fist_light_skin_tone": "🤛🏻",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤛🏾",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤛🏼",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium_skin_tone": "🤛🏽",
+    "left-right_arrow": "↔",
+    "left_arrow": "⬅",
+    "left_arrow_curving_right": "↪",
+    "left_luggage": "🛅",
+    "left_speech_bubble": "🗨",
+    "leg": "🦵",
+    "lemon": "🍋",
+    "leopard": "🐆",
+    "level_slider": "🎚",
+    "light_bulb": "💡",
+    "light_rail": "🚈",
+    "link": "🔗",
+    "linked_paperclips": "🖇",
+    "lion_face": "🦁",
+    "lipstick": "💄",
+    "litter_in_bin_sign": "🚮",
+    "lizard": "🦎",
+    "llama": "🦙",
+    "lobster": "🦞",
+    "locked": "🔒",
+    "locked_with_key": "🔐",
+    "locked_with_pen": "🔏",
+    "locomotive": "🚂",
+    "lollipop": "🍭",
+    "lotion_bottle": "🧴",
+    "loudly_crying_face": "😭",
+    "loudspeaker": "📢",
+    "love-you_gesture": "🤟",
+    "love-you_gesture_dark_skin_tone": "🤟🏿",
+    "love-you_gesture_light_skin_tone": "🤟🏻",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤟🏾",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤟🏼",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium_skin_tone": "🤟🏽",
+    "love_hotel": "🏩",
+    "love_letter": "💌",
+    "luggage": "🧳",
+    "lying_face": "🤥",
+    "mage": "🧙",
+    "mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿",
+    "mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻",
+    "mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾",
+    "mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼",
+    "mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽",
+    "magnet": "🧲",
+    "magnifying_glass_tilted_left": "🔍",
+    "magnifying_glass_tilted_right": "🔎",
+    "mahjong_red_dragon": "🀄",
+    "male_sign": "♂",
+    "man": "👨",
+    "man_and_woman_holding_hands": "👫",
+    "man_artist": "👨\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎨",
+    "man_astronaut": "👨\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🚀",
+    "man_biking": "🚴\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball": "⛹️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing": "🙇\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling": "🤸\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing": "🧗\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker": "👷\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cook": "👨\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🍳",
+    "man_dancing": "🕺",
+    "man_dancing_dark_skin_tone": "🕺🏿",
+    "man_dancing_light_skin_tone": "🕺🏻",
+    "man_dancing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕺🏾",
+    "man_dancing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕺🏼",
+    "man_dancing_medium_skin_tone": "🕺🏽",
+    "man_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿",
+    "man_detective": "🕵️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf": "🧝\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming": "🤦\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_factory_worker": "👨\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🏭",
+    "man_fairy": "🧚\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_farmer": "👨\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🌾",
+    "man_firefighter": "👨\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🚒",
+    "man_frowning": "🙍\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_genie": "🧞\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no": "🙅\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok": "🙆\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut": "💇\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage": "💆\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing": "🏌️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard": "💂\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_health_worker": "👨\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position": "🧘\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_manual_wheelchair": "👨\u200d🦽",
+    "man_in_motorized_wheelchair": "👨\u200d🦼",
+    "man_in_steamy_room": "🧖\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating": "🕴",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_dark_skin_tone": "🕴🏿",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_light_skin_tone": "🕴🏻",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕴🏾",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕴🏼",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium_skin_tone": "🕴🏽",
+    "man_in_tuxedo": "🤵",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_dark_skin_tone": "🤵🏿",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_light_skin_tone": "🤵🏻",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤵🏾",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤵🏼",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium_skin_tone": "🤵🏽",
+    "man_judge": "👨\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_juggling": "🤹\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights": "🏋️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻",
+    "man_mage": "🧙\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mechanic": "👨\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🔧",
+    "man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾",
+    "man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼",
+    "man_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽",
+    "man_mountain_biking": "🚵\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_office_worker": "👨\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d💼",
+    "man_pilot": "👨\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d✈️",
+    "man_playing_handball": "🤾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo": "🤽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer": "👮\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting": "🙎\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand": "🙋\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat": "🚣\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running": "🏃\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_scientist": "👨\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🔬",
+    "man_shrugging": "🤷\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_singer": "👨\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎤",
+    "man_student": "👨\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎓",
+    "man_surfing": "🏄\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming": "🏊\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_teacher": "👨\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🏫",
+    "man_technologist": "👨\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d💻",
+    "man_tipping_hand": "💁\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire": "🧛\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking": "🚶\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban": "👳\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_with_probing_cane": "👨\u200d🦯",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap": "👲",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_dark_skin_tone": "👲🏿",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_light_skin_tone": "👲🏻",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👲🏾",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium-light_skin_tone": "👲🏼",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium_skin_tone": "👲🏽",
+    "man_zombie": "🧟\u200d♂️",
+    "mango": "🥭",
+    "mantelpiece_clock": "🕰",
+    "manual_wheelchair": "🦽",
+    "man’s_shoe": "👞",
+    "map_of_japan": "🗾",
+    "maple_leaf": "🍁",
+    "martial_arts_uniform": "🥋",
+    "mate": "🧉",
+    "meat_on_bone": "🍖",
+    "mechanical_arm": "🦾",
+    "mechanical_leg": "🦿",
+    "medical_symbol": "⚕",
+    "megaphone": "📣",
+    "melon": "🍈",
+    "memo": "📝",
+    "men_with_bunny_ears": "👯\u200d♂️",
+    "men_wrestling": "🤼\u200d♂️",
+    "menorah": "🕎",
+    "men’s_room": "🚹",
+    "mermaid": "🧜\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "merman": "🧜\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "merperson": "🧜",
+    "merperson_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿",
+    "merperson_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻",
+    "merperson_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾",
+    "merperson_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼",
+    "merperson_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽",
+    "metro": "🚇",
+    "microbe": "🦠",
+    "microphone": "🎤",
+    "microscope": "🔬",
+    "middle_finger": "🖕",
+    "middle_finger_dark_skin_tone": "🖕🏿",
+    "middle_finger_light_skin_tone": "🖕🏻",
+    "middle_finger_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖕🏾",
+    "middle_finger_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖕🏼",
+    "middle_finger_medium_skin_tone": "🖕🏽",
+    "military_medal": "🎖",
+    "milky_way": "🌌",
+    "minibus": "🚐",
+    "moai": "🗿",
+    "mobile_phone": "📱",
+    "mobile_phone_off": "📴",
+    "mobile_phone_with_arrow": "📲",
+    "money-mouth_face": "🤑",
+    "money_bag": "💰",
+    "money_with_wings": "💸",
+    "monkey": "🐒",
+    "monkey_face": "🐵",
+    "monorail": "🚝",
+    "moon_cake": "🥮",
+    "moon_viewing_ceremony": "🎑",
+    "mosque": "🕌",
+    "mosquito": "🦟",
+    "motor_boat": "🛥",
+    "motor_scooter": "🛵",
+    "motorcycle": "🏍",
+    "motorized_wheelchair": "🦼",
+    "motorway": "🛣",
+    "mount_fuji": "🗻",
+    "mountain": "⛰",
+    "mountain_cableway": "🚠",
+    "mountain_railway": "🚞",
+    "mouse": "🐭",
+    "mouse_face": "🐭",
+    "mouth": "👄",
+    "movie_camera": "🎥",
+    "mushroom": "🍄",
+    "musical_keyboard": "🎹",
+    "musical_note": "🎵",
+    "musical_notes": "🎶",
+    "musical_score": "🎼",
+    "muted_speaker": "🔇",
+    "nail_polish": "💅",
+    "nail_polish_dark_skin_tone": "💅🏿",
+    "nail_polish_light_skin_tone": "💅🏻",
+    "nail_polish_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💅🏾",
+    "nail_polish_medium-light_skin_tone": "💅🏼",
+    "nail_polish_medium_skin_tone": "💅🏽",
+    "name_badge": "📛",
+    "national_park": "🏞",
+    "nauseated_face": "🤢",
+    "nazar_amulet": "🧿",
+    "necktie": "👔",
+    "nerd_face": "🤓",
+    "neutral_face": "😐",
+    "new_moon": "🌑",
+    "new_moon_face": "🌚",
+    "newspaper": "📰",
+    "next_track_button": "⏭",
+    "night_with_stars": "🌃",
+    "nine-thirty": "🕤",
+    "nine_o’clock": "🕘",
+    "no_bicycles": "🚳",
+    "no_entry": "⛔",
+    "no_littering": "🚯",
+    "no_mobile_phones": "📵",
+    "no_one_under_eighteen": "🔞",
+    "no_pedestrians": "🚷",
+    "no_smoking": "🚭",
+    "non-potable_water": "🚱",
+    "nose": "👃",
+    "nose_dark_skin_tone": "👃🏿",
+    "nose_light_skin_tone": "👃🏻",
+    "nose_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👃🏾",
+    "nose_medium-light_skin_tone": "👃🏼",
+    "nose_medium_skin_tone": "👃🏽",
+    "notebook": "📓",
+    "notebook_with_decorative_cover": "📔",
+    "nut_and_bolt": "🔩",
+    "octopus": "🐙",
+    "oden": "🍢",
+    "office_building": "🏢",
+    "ogre": "👹",
+    "oil_drum": "🛢",
+    "old_key": "🗝",
+    "old_man": "👴",
+    "old_man_dark_skin_tone": "👴🏿",
+    "old_man_light_skin_tone": "👴🏻",
+    "old_man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👴🏾",
+    "old_man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👴🏼",
+    "old_man_medium_skin_tone": "👴🏽",
+    "old_woman": "👵",
+    "old_woman_dark_skin_tone": "👵🏿",
+    "old_woman_light_skin_tone": "👵🏻",
+    "old_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👵🏾",
+    "old_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👵🏼",
+    "old_woman_medium_skin_tone": "👵🏽",
+    "older_adult": "🧓",
+    "older_adult_dark_skin_tone": "🧓🏿",
+    "older_adult_light_skin_tone": "🧓🏻",
+    "older_adult_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧓🏾",
+    "older_adult_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧓🏼",
+    "older_adult_medium_skin_tone": "🧓🏽",
+    "om": "🕉",
+    "oncoming_automobile": "🚘",
+    "oncoming_bus": "🚍",
+    "oncoming_fist": "👊",
+    "oncoming_fist_dark_skin_tone": "👊🏿",
+    "oncoming_fist_light_skin_tone": "👊🏻",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👊🏾",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👊🏼",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium_skin_tone": "👊🏽",
+    "oncoming_police_car": "🚔",
+    "oncoming_taxi": "🚖",
+    "one-piece_swimsuit": "🩱",
+    "one-thirty": "🕜",
+    "one_o’clock": "🕐",
+    "onion": "🧅",
+    "open_book": "📖",
+    "open_file_folder": "📂",
+    "open_hands": "👐",
+    "open_hands_dark_skin_tone": "👐🏿",
+    "open_hands_light_skin_tone": "👐🏻",
+    "open_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👐🏾",
+    "open_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "👐🏼",
+    "open_hands_medium_skin_tone": "👐🏽",
+    "open_mailbox_with_lowered_flag": "📭",
+    "open_mailbox_with_raised_flag": "📬",
+    "optical_disk": "💿",
+    "orange_book": "📙",
+    "orange_circle": "🟠",
+    "orange_heart": "🧡",
+    "orange_square": "🟧",
+    "orangutan": "🦧",
+    "orthodox_cross": "☦",
+    "otter": "🦦",
+    "outbox_tray": "📤",
+    "owl": "🦉",
+    "ox": "🐂",
+    "oyster": "🦪",
+    "package": "📦",
+    "page_facing_up": "📄",
+    "page_with_curl": "📃",
+    "pager": "📟",
+    "paintbrush": "🖌",
+    "palm_tree": "🌴",
+    "palms_up_together": "🤲",
+    "palms_up_together_dark_skin_tone": "🤲🏿",
+    "palms_up_together_light_skin_tone": "🤲🏻",
+    "palms_up_together_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤲🏾",
+    "palms_up_together_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤲🏼",
+    "palms_up_together_medium_skin_tone": "🤲🏽",
+    "pancakes": "🥞",
+    "panda_face": "🐼",
+    "paperclip": "📎",
+    "parrot": "🦜",
+    "part_alternation_mark": "〽",
+    "party_popper": "🎉",
+    "partying_face": "🥳",
+    "passenger_ship": "🛳",
+    "passport_control": "🛂",
+    "pause_button": "⏸",
+    "paw_prints": "🐾",
+    "peace_symbol": "☮",
+    "peach": "🍑",
+    "peacock": "🦚",
+    "peanuts": "🥜",
+    "pear": "🍐",
+    "pen": "🖊",
+    "pencil": "📝",
+    "penguin": "🐧",
+    "pensive_face": "😔",
+    "people_holding_hands": "🧑\u200d🤝\u200d🧑",
+    "people_with_bunny_ears": "👯",
+    "people_wrestling": "🤼",
+    "performing_arts": "🎭",
+    "persevering_face": "😣",
+    "person_biking": "🚴",
+    "person_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿",
+    "person_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻",
+    "person_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾",
+    "person_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼",
+    "person_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽",
+    "person_bouncing_ball": "⛹",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽",
+    "person_bowing": "🙇",
+    "person_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿",
+    "person_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻",
+    "person_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾",
+    "person_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼",
+    "person_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽",
+    "person_cartwheeling": "🤸",
+    "person_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿",
+    "person_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽",
+    "person_climbing": "🧗",
+    "person_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿",
+    "person_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻",
+    "person_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾",
+    "person_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼",
+    "person_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽",
+    "person_facepalming": "🤦",
+    "person_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿",
+    "person_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻",
+    "person_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾",
+    "person_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼",
+    "person_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽",
+    "person_fencing": "🤺",
+    "person_frowning": "🙍",
+    "person_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿",
+    "person_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻",
+    "person_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾",
+    "person_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼",
+    "person_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽",
+    "person_gesturing_no": "🙅",
+    "person_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿",
+    "person_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽",
+    "person_gesturing_ok": "🙆",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽",
+    "person_getting_haircut": "💇",
+    "person_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿",
+    "person_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽",
+    "person_getting_massage": "💆",
+    "person_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿",
+    "person_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽",
+    "person_golfing": "🏌",
+    "person_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿",
+    "person_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻",
+    "person_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾",
+    "person_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼",
+    "person_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽",
+    "person_in_bed": "🛌",
+    "person_in_bed_dark_skin_tone": "🛌🏿",
+    "person_in_bed_light_skin_tone": "🛌🏻",
+    "person_in_bed_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🛌🏾",
+    "person_in_bed_medium-light_skin_tone": "🛌🏼",
+    "person_in_bed_medium_skin_tone": "🛌🏽",
+    "person_in_lotus_position": "🧘",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽",
+    "person_in_steamy_room": "🧖",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽",
+    "person_juggling": "🤹",
+    "person_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿",
+    "person_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻",
+    "person_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾",
+    "person_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼",
+    "person_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽",
+    "person_kneeling": "🧎",
+    "person_lifting_weights": "🏋",
+    "person_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿",
+    "person_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽",
+    "person_mountain_biking": "🚵",
+    "person_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿",
+    "person_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽",
+    "person_playing_handball": "🤾",
+    "person_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿",
+    "person_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽",
+    "person_playing_water_polo": "🤽",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽",
+    "person_pouting": "🙎",
+    "person_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿",
+    "person_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻",
+    "person_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾",
+    "person_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼",
+    "person_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽",
+    "person_raising_hand": "🙋",
+    "person_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿",
+    "person_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽",
+    "person_rowing_boat": "🚣",
+    "person_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿",
+    "person_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽",
+    "person_running": "🏃",
+    "person_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿",
+    "person_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻",
+    "person_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾",
+    "person_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼",
+    "person_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽",
+    "person_shrugging": "🤷",
+    "person_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿",
+    "person_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻",
+    "person_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾",
+    "person_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼",
+    "person_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽",
+    "person_standing": "🧍",
+    "person_surfing": "🏄",
+    "person_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿",
+    "person_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻",
+    "person_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾",
+    "person_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼",
+    "person_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽",
+    "person_swimming": "🏊",
+    "person_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿",
+    "person_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻",
+    "person_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾",
+    "person_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼",
+    "person_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽",
+    "person_taking_bath": "🛀",
+    "person_taking_bath_dark_skin_tone": "🛀🏿",
+    "person_taking_bath_light_skin_tone": "🛀🏻",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🛀🏾",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium-light_skin_tone": "🛀🏼",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium_skin_tone": "🛀🏽",
+    "person_tipping_hand": "💁",
+    "person_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿",
+    "person_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽",
+    "person_walking": "🚶",
+    "person_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿",
+    "person_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻",
+    "person_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾",
+    "person_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼",
+    "person_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽",
+    "person_wearing_turban": "👳",
+    "person_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿",
+    "person_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽",
+    "petri_dish": "🧫",
+    "pick": "⛏",
+    "pie": "🥧",
+    "pig": "🐷",
+    "pig_face": "🐷",
+    "pig_nose": "🐽",
+    "pile_of_poo": "💩",
+    "pill": "💊",
+    "pinching_hand": "🤏",
+    "pine_decoration": "🎍",
+    "pineapple": "🍍",
+    "ping_pong": "🏓",
+    "pirate_flag": "🏴\u200d☠️",
+    "pistol": "🔫",
+    "pizza": "🍕",
+    "place_of_worship": "🛐",
+    "play_button": "▶",
+    "play_or_pause_button": "⏯",
+    "pleading_face": "🥺",
+    "police_car": "🚓",
+    "police_car_light": "🚨",
+    "police_officer": "👮",
+    "police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿",
+    "police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻",
+    "police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾",
+    "police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼",
+    "police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽",
+    "poodle": "🐩",
+    "pool_8_ball": "🎱",
+    "popcorn": "🍿",
+    "post_office": "🏣",
+    "postal_horn": "📯",
+    "postbox": "📮",
+    "pot_of_food": "🍲",
+    "potable_water": "🚰",
+    "potato": "🥔",
+    "poultry_leg": "🍗",
+    "pound_banknote": "💷",
+    "pouting_cat_face": "😾",
+    "pouting_face": "😡",
+    "prayer_beads": "📿",
+    "pregnant_woman": "🤰",
+    "pregnant_woman_dark_skin_tone": "🤰🏿",
+    "pregnant_woman_light_skin_tone": "🤰🏻",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤰🏾",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤰🏼",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium_skin_tone": "🤰🏽",
+    "pretzel": "🥨",
+    "probing_cane": "🦯",
+    "prince": "🤴",
+    "prince_dark_skin_tone": "🤴🏿",
+    "prince_light_skin_tone": "🤴🏻",
+    "prince_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤴🏾",
+    "prince_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤴🏼",
+    "prince_medium_skin_tone": "🤴🏽",
+    "princess": "👸",
+    "princess_dark_skin_tone": "👸🏿",
+    "princess_light_skin_tone": "👸🏻",
+    "princess_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👸🏾",
+    "princess_medium-light_skin_tone": "👸🏼",
+    "princess_medium_skin_tone": "👸🏽",
+    "printer": "🖨",
+    "prohibited": "🚫",
+    "purple_circle": "🟣",
+    "purple_heart": "💜",
+    "purple_square": "🟪",
+    "purse": "👛",
+    "pushpin": "📌",
+    "question_mark": "❓",
+    "rabbit": "🐰",
+    "rabbit_face": "🐰",
+    "raccoon": "🦝",
+    "racing_car": "🏎",
+    "radio": "📻",
+    "radio_button": "🔘",
+    "radioactive": "☢",
+    "railway_car": "🚃",
+    "railway_track": "🛤",
+    "rainbow": "🌈",
+    "rainbow_flag": "🏳️\u200d🌈",
+    "raised_back_of_hand": "🤚",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🤚🏿",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_light_skin_tone": "🤚🏻",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤚🏾",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤚🏼",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🤚🏽",
+    "raised_fist": "✊",
+    "raised_fist_dark_skin_tone": "✊🏿",
+    "raised_fist_light_skin_tone": "✊🏻",
+    "raised_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✊🏾",
+    "raised_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "✊🏼",
+    "raised_fist_medium_skin_tone": "✊🏽",
+    "raised_hand": "✋",
+    "raised_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✋🏿",
+    "raised_hand_light_skin_tone": "✋🏻",
+    "raised_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✋🏾",
+    "raised_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✋🏼",
+    "raised_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✋🏽",
+    "raising_hands": "🙌",
+    "raising_hands_dark_skin_tone": "🙌🏿",
+    "raising_hands_light_skin_tone": "🙌🏻",
+    "raising_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙌🏾",
+    "raising_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙌🏼",
+    "raising_hands_medium_skin_tone": "🙌🏽",
+    "ram": "🐏",
+    "rat": "🐀",
+    "razor": "🪒",
+    "ringed_planet": "🪐",
+    "receipt": "🧾",
+    "record_button": "⏺",
+    "recycling_symbol": "♻",
+    "red_apple": "🍎",
+    "red_circle": "🔴",
+    "red_envelope": "🧧",
+    "red_hair": "🦰",
+    "red-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦰",
+    "red-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦰",
+    "red_heart": "❤",
+    "red_paper_lantern": "🏮",
+    "red_square": "🟥",
+    "red_triangle_pointed_down": "🔻",
+    "red_triangle_pointed_up": "🔺",
+    "registered": "®",
+    "relieved_face": "😌",
+    "reminder_ribbon": "🎗",
+    "repeat_button": "🔁",
+    "repeat_single_button": "🔂",
+    "rescue_worker’s_helmet": "⛑",
+    "restroom": "🚻",
+    "reverse_button": "◀",
+    "revolving_hearts": "💞",
+    "rhinoceros": "🦏",
+    "ribbon": "🎀",
+    "rice_ball": "🍙",
+    "rice_cracker": "🍘",
+    "right-facing_fist": "🤜",
+    "right-facing_fist_dark_skin_tone": "🤜🏿",
+    "right-facing_fist_light_skin_tone": "🤜🏻",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤜🏾",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤜🏼",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium_skin_tone": "🤜🏽",
+    "right_anger_bubble": "🗯",
+    "right_arrow": "➡",
+    "right_arrow_curving_down": "⤵",
+    "right_arrow_curving_left": "↩",
+    "right_arrow_curving_up": "⤴",
+    "ring": "💍",
+    "roasted_sweet_potato": "🍠",
+    "robot_face": "🤖",
+    "rocket": "🚀",
+    "roll_of_paper": "🧻",
+    "rolled-up_newspaper": "🗞",
+    "roller_coaster": "🎢",
+    "rolling_on_the_floor_laughing": "🤣",
+    "rooster": "🐓",
+    "rose": "🌹",
+    "rosette": "🏵",
+    "round_pushpin": "📍",
+    "rugby_football": "🏉",
+    "running_shirt": "🎽",
+    "running_shoe": "👟",
+    "sad_but_relieved_face": "😥",
+    "safety_pin": "🧷",
+    "safety_vest": "🦺",
+    "salt": "🧂",
+    "sailboat": "⛵",
+    "sake": "🍶",
+    "sandwich": "🥪",
+    "sari": "🥻",
+    "satellite": "📡",
+    "satellite_antenna": "📡",
+    "sauropod": "🦕",
+    "saxophone": "🎷",
+    "scarf": "🧣",
+    "school": "🏫",
+    "school_backpack": "🎒",
+    "scissors": "✂",
+    "scorpion": "🦂",
+    "scroll": "📜",
+    "seat": "💺",
+    "see-no-evil_monkey": "🙈",
+    "seedling": "🌱",
+    "selfie": "🤳",
+    "selfie_dark_skin_tone": "🤳🏿",
+    "selfie_light_skin_tone": "🤳🏻",
+    "selfie_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤳🏾",
+    "selfie_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤳🏼",
+    "selfie_medium_skin_tone": "🤳🏽",
+    "service_dog": "🐕\u200d🦺",
+    "seven-thirty": "🕢",
+    "seven_o’clock": "🕖",
+    "shallow_pan_of_food": "🥘",
+    "shamrock": "☘",
+    "shark": "🦈",
+    "shaved_ice": "🍧",
+    "sheaf_of_rice": "🌾",
+    "shield": "🛡",
+    "shinto_shrine": "⛩",
+    "ship": "🚢",
+    "shooting_star": "🌠",
+    "shopping_bags": "🛍",
+    "shopping_cart": "🛒",
+    "shortcake": "🍰",
+    "shorts": "🩳",
+    "shower": "🚿",
+    "shrimp": "🦐",
+    "shuffle_tracks_button": "🔀",
+    "shushing_face": "🤫",
+    "sign_of_the_horns": "🤘",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_dark_skin_tone": "🤘🏿",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_light_skin_tone": "🤘🏻",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤘🏾",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤘🏼",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium_skin_tone": "🤘🏽",
+    "six-thirty": "🕡",
+    "six_o’clock": "🕕",
+    "skateboard": "🛹",
+    "skier": "⛷",
+    "skis": "🎿",
+    "skull": "💀",
+    "skull_and_crossbones": "☠",
+    "skunk": "🦨",
+    "sled": "🛷",
+    "sleeping_face": "😴",
+    "sleepy_face": "😪",
+    "slightly_frowning_face": "🙁",
+    "slightly_smiling_face": "🙂",
+    "slot_machine": "🎰",
+    "sloth": "🦥",
+    "small_airplane": "🛩",
+    "small_blue_diamond": "🔹",
+    "small_orange_diamond": "🔸",
+    "smiling_cat_face_with_heart-eyes": "😻",
+    "smiling_face": "☺",
+    "smiling_face_with_halo": "😇",
+    "smiling_face_with_3_hearts": "🥰",
+    "smiling_face_with_heart-eyes": "😍",
+    "smiling_face_with_horns": "😈",
+    "smiling_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😊",
+    "smiling_face_with_sunglasses": "😎",
+    "smirking_face": "😏",
+    "snail": "🐌",
+    "snake": "🐍",
+    "sneezing_face": "🤧",
+    "snow-capped_mountain": "🏔",
+    "snowboarder": "🏂",
+    "snowboarder_dark_skin_tone": "🏂🏿",
+    "snowboarder_light_skin_tone": "🏂🏻",
+    "snowboarder_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏂🏾",
+    "snowboarder_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏂🏼",
+    "snowboarder_medium_skin_tone": "🏂🏽",
+    "snowflake": "❄",
+    "snowman": "☃",
+    "snowman_without_snow": "⛄",
+    "soap": "🧼",
+    "soccer_ball": "⚽",
+    "socks": "🧦",
+    "softball": "🥎",
+    "soft_ice_cream": "🍦",
+    "spade_suit": "♠",
+    "spaghetti": "🍝",
+    "sparkle": "❇",
+    "sparkler": "🎇",
+    "sparkles": "✨",
+    "sparkling_heart": "💖",
+    "speak-no-evil_monkey": "🙊",
+    "speaker_high_volume": "🔊",
+    "speaker_low_volume": "🔈",
+    "speaker_medium_volume": "🔉",
+    "speaking_head": "🗣",
+    "speech_balloon": "💬",
+    "speedboat": "🚤",
+    "spider": "🕷",
+    "spider_web": "🕸",
+    "spiral_calendar": "🗓",
+    "spiral_notepad": "🗒",
+    "spiral_shell": "🐚",
+    "spoon": "🥄",
+    "sponge": "🧽",
+    "sport_utility_vehicle": "🚙",
+    "sports_medal": "🏅",
+    "spouting_whale": "🐳",
+    "squid": "🦑",
+    "squinting_face_with_tongue": "😝",
+    "stadium": "🏟",
+    "star-struck": "🤩",
+    "star_and_crescent": "☪",
+    "star_of_david": "✡",
+    "station": "🚉",
+    "steaming_bowl": "🍜",
+    "stethoscope": "🩺",
+    "stop_button": "⏹",
+    "stop_sign": "🛑",
+    "stopwatch": "⏱",
+    "straight_ruler": "📏",
+    "strawberry": "🍓",
+    "studio_microphone": "🎙",
+    "stuffed_flatbread": "🥙",
+    "sun": "☀",
+    "sun_behind_cloud": "⛅",
+    "sun_behind_large_cloud": "🌥",
+    "sun_behind_rain_cloud": "🌦",
+    "sun_behind_small_cloud": "🌤",
+    "sun_with_face": "🌞",
+    "sunflower": "🌻",
+    "sunglasses": "😎",
+    "sunrise": "🌅",
+    "sunrise_over_mountains": "🌄",
+    "sunset": "🌇",
+    "superhero": "🦸",
+    "supervillain": "🦹",
+    "sushi": "🍣",
+    "suspension_railway": "🚟",
+    "swan": "🦢",
+    "sweat_droplets": "💦",
+    "synagogue": "🕍",
+    "syringe": "💉",
+    "t-shirt": "👕",
+    "taco": "🌮",
+    "takeout_box": "🥡",
+    "tanabata_tree": "🎋",
+    "tangerine": "🍊",
+    "taxi": "🚕",
+    "teacup_without_handle": "🍵",
+    "tear-off_calendar": "📆",
+    "teddy_bear": "🧸",
+    "telephone": "☎",
+    "telephone_receiver": "📞",
+    "telescope": "🔭",
+    "television": "📺",
+    "ten-thirty": "🕥",
+    "ten_o’clock": "🕙",
+    "tennis": "🎾",
+    "tent": "⛺",
+    "test_tube": "🧪",
+    "thermometer": "🌡",
+    "thinking_face": "🤔",
+    "thought_balloon": "💭",
+    "thread": "🧵",
+    "three-thirty": "🕞",
+    "three_o’clock": "🕒",
+    "thumbs_down": "👎",
+    "thumbs_down_dark_skin_tone": "👎🏿",
+    "thumbs_down_light_skin_tone": "👎🏻",
+    "thumbs_down_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👎🏾",
+    "thumbs_down_medium-light_skin_tone": "👎🏼",
+    "thumbs_down_medium_skin_tone": "👎🏽",
+    "thumbs_up": "👍",
+    "thumbs_up_dark_skin_tone": "👍🏿",
+    "thumbs_up_light_skin_tone": "👍🏻",
+    "thumbs_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👍🏾",
+    "thumbs_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "👍🏼",
+    "thumbs_up_medium_skin_tone": "👍🏽",
+    "ticket": "🎫",
+    "tiger": "🐯",
+    "tiger_face": "🐯",
+    "timer_clock": "⏲",
+    "tired_face": "😫",
+    "toolbox": "🧰",
+    "toilet": "🚽",
+    "tomato": "🍅",
+    "tongue": "👅",
+    "tooth": "🦷",
+    "top_hat": "🎩",
+    "tornado": "🌪",
+    "trackball": "🖲",
+    "tractor": "🚜",
+    "trade_mark": "™",
+    "train": "🚋",
+    "tram": "🚊",
+    "tram_car": "🚋",
+    "triangular_flag": "🚩",
+    "triangular_ruler": "📐",
+    "trident_emblem": "🔱",
+    "trolleybus": "🚎",
+    "trophy": "🏆",
+    "tropical_drink": "🍹",
+    "tropical_fish": "🐠",
+    "trumpet": "🎺",
+    "tulip": "🌷",
+    "tumbler_glass": "🥃",
+    "turtle": "🐢",
+    "twelve-thirty": "🕧",
+    "twelve_o’clock": "🕛",
+    "two-hump_camel": "🐫",
+    "two-thirty": "🕝",
+    "two_hearts": "💕",
+    "two_men_holding_hands": "👬",
+    "two_o’clock": "🕑",
+    "two_women_holding_hands": "👭",
+    "umbrella": "☂",
+    "umbrella_on_ground": "⛱",
+    "umbrella_with_rain_drops": "☔",
+    "unamused_face": "😒",
+    "unicorn_face": "🦄",
+    "unlocked": "🔓",
+    "up-down_arrow": "↕",
+    "up-left_arrow": "↖",
+    "up-right_arrow": "↗",
+    "up_arrow": "⬆",
+    "upside-down_face": "🙃",
+    "upwards_button": "🔼",
+    "vampire": "🧛",
+    "vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿",
+    "vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻",
+    "vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾",
+    "vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼",
+    "vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽",
+    "vertical_traffic_light": "🚦",
+    "vibration_mode": "📳",
+    "victory_hand": "✌",
+    "victory_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✌🏿",
+    "victory_hand_light_skin_tone": "✌🏻",
+    "victory_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✌🏾",
+    "victory_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✌🏼",
+    "victory_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✌🏽",
+    "video_camera": "📹",
+    "video_game": "🎮",
+    "videocassette": "📼",
+    "violin": "🎻",
+    "volcano": "🌋",
+    "volleyball": "🏐",
+    "vulcan_salute": "🖖",
+    "vulcan_salute_dark_skin_tone": "🖖🏿",
+    "vulcan_salute_light_skin_tone": "🖖🏻",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖖🏾",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖖🏼",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium_skin_tone": "🖖🏽",
+    "waffle": "🧇",
+    "waning_crescent_moon": "🌘",
+    "waning_gibbous_moon": "🌖",
+    "warning": "⚠",
+    "wastebasket": "🗑",
+    "watch": "⌚",
+    "water_buffalo": "🐃",
+    "water_closet": "🚾",
+    "water_wave": "🌊",
+    "watermelon": "🍉",
+    "waving_hand": "👋",
+    "waving_hand_dark_skin_tone": "👋🏿",
+    "waving_hand_light_skin_tone": "👋🏻",
+    "waving_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👋🏾",
+    "waving_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "👋🏼",
+    "waving_hand_medium_skin_tone": "👋🏽",
+    "wavy_dash": "〰",
+    "waxing_crescent_moon": "🌒",
+    "waxing_gibbous_moon": "🌔",
+    "weary_cat_face": "🙀",
+    "weary_face": "😩",
+    "wedding": "💒",
+    "whale": "🐳",
+    "wheel_of_dharma": "☸",
+    "wheelchair_symbol": "♿",
+    "white_circle": "⚪",
+    "white_exclamation_mark": "❕",
+    "white_flag": "🏳",
+    "white_flower": "💮",
+    "white_hair": "🦳",
+    "white-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦳",
+    "white-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦳",
+    "white_heart": "🤍",
+    "white_heavy_check_mark": "✅",
+    "white_large_square": "⬜",
+    "white_medium-small_square": "◽",
+    "white_medium_square": "◻",
+    "white_medium_star": "⭐",
+    "white_question_mark": "❔",
+    "white_small_square": "▫",
+    "white_square_button": "🔳",
+    "wilted_flower": "🥀",
+    "wind_chime": "🎐",
+    "wind_face": "🌬",
+    "wine_glass": "🍷",
+    "winking_face": "😉",
+    "winking_face_with_tongue": "😜",
+    "wolf_face": "🐺",
+    "woman": "👩",
+    "woman_artist": "👩\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_astronaut": "👩\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_biking": "🚴\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball": "⛹️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing": "🙇\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling": "🤸\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing": "🧗\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker": "👷\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cook": "👩\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_dancing": "💃",
+    "woman_dancing_dark_skin_tone": "💃🏿",
+    "woman_dancing_light_skin_tone": "💃🏻",
+    "woman_dancing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💃🏾",
+    "woman_dancing_medium-light_skin_tone": "💃🏼",
+    "woman_dancing_medium_skin_tone": "💃🏽",
+    "woman_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿",
+    "woman_detective": "🕵️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf": "🧝\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming": "🤦\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_factory_worker": "👩\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_fairy": "🧚\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_farmer": "👩\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_firefighter": "👩\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_frowning": "🙍\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_genie": "🧞\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no": "🙅\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok": "🙆\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut": "💇\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage": "💆\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing": "🏌️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard": "💂\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_health_worker": "👩\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position": "🧘\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_manual_wheelchair": "👩\u200d🦽",
+    "woman_in_motorized_wheelchair": "👩\u200d🦼",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room": "🧖\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_judge": "👩\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_juggling": "🤹\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights": "🏋️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻",
+    "woman_mage": "🧙\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mechanic": "👩\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾",
+    "woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼",
+    "woman_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽",
+    "woman_mountain_biking": "🚵\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_office_worker": "👩\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d💼",
+    "woman_pilot": "👩\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_playing_handball": "🤾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo": "🤽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer": "👮\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting": "🙎\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand": "🙋\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat": "🚣\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running": "🏃\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_scientist": "👩\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_shrugging": "🤷\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_singer": "👩\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_student": "👩\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_surfing": "🏄\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming": "🏊\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_teacher": "👩\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_technologist": "👩\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d💻",
+    "woman_tipping_hand": "💁\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire": "🧛\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking": "🚶\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban": "👳\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_with_headscarf": "🧕",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_dark_skin_tone": "🧕🏿",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_light_skin_tone": "🧕🏻",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧕🏾",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧕🏼",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium_skin_tone": "🧕🏽",
+    "woman_with_probing_cane": "👩\u200d🦯",
+    "woman_zombie": "🧟\u200d♀️",
+    "woman’s_boot": "👢",
+    "woman’s_clothes": "👚",
+    "woman’s_hat": "👒",
+    "woman’s_sandal": "👡",
+    "women_with_bunny_ears": "👯\u200d♀️",
+    "women_wrestling": "🤼\u200d♀️",
+    "women’s_room": "🚺",
+    "woozy_face": "🥴",
+    "world_map": "🗺",
+    "worried_face": "😟",
+    "wrapped_gift": "🎁",
+    "wrench": "🔧",
+    "writing_hand": "✍",
+    "writing_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✍🏿",
+    "writing_hand_light_skin_tone": "✍🏻",
+    "writing_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✍🏾",
+    "writing_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✍🏼",
+    "writing_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✍🏽",
+    "yarn": "🧶",
+    "yawning_face": "🥱",
+    "yellow_circle": "🟡",
+    "yellow_heart": "💛",
+    "yellow_square": "🟨",
+    "yen_banknote": "💴",
+    "yo-yo": "🪀",
+    "yin_yang": "☯",
+    "zany_face": "🤪",
+    "zebra": "🦓",
+    "zipper-mouth_face": "🤐",
+    "zombie": "🧟",
+    "zzz": "💤",
+    "åland_islands": "🇦🇽",
+    "keycap_asterisk": "*⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_eight": "8⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_five": "5⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_four": "4⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_nine": "9⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_one": "1⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_seven": "7⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_six": "6⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_three": "3⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_two": "2⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_zero": "0⃣",
+    "keycap_number_sign": "#⃣",
+    "light_skin_tone": "🏻",
+    "medium_light_skin_tone": "🏼",
+    "medium_skin_tone": "🏽",
+    "medium_dark_skin_tone": "🏾",
+    "dark_skin_tone": "🏿",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_a": "🇦",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_b": "🇧",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_c": "🇨",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_d": "🇩",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_e": "🇪",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_f": "🇫",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_g": "🇬",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_h": "🇭",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_i": "🇮",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_j": "🇯",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_k": "🇰",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_l": "🇱",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_m": "🇲",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_n": "🇳",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_o": "🇴",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_p": "🇵",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_q": "🇶",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_r": "🇷",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_s": "🇸",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_t": "🇹",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_u": "🇺",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_v": "🇻",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_w": "🇼",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_x": "🇽",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_y": "🇾",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_z": "🇿",
+    "airplane_arriving": "🛬",
+    "space_invader": "👾",
+    "football": "🏈",
+    "anger": "💢",
+    "angry": "😠",
+    "anguished": "😧",
+    "signal_strength": "📶",
+    "arrows_counterclockwise": "🔄",
+    "arrow_heading_down": "⤵",
+    "arrow_heading_up": "⤴",
+    "art": "🎨",
+    "astonished": "😲",
+    "athletic_shoe": "👟",
+    "atm": "🏧",
+    "car": "🚗",
+    "red_car": "🚗",
+    "angel": "👼",
+    "back": "🔙",
+    "badminton_racquet_and_shuttlecock": "🏸",
+    "dollar": "💵",
+    "euro": "💶",
+    "pound": "💷",
+    "yen": "💴",
+    "barber": "💈",
+    "bath": "🛀",
+    "bear": "🐻",
+    "heartbeat": "💓",
+    "beer": "🍺",
+    "no_bell": "🔕",
+    "bento": "🍱",
+    "bike": "🚲",
+    "bicyclist": "🚴",
+    "8ball": "🎱",
+    "biohazard_sign": "☣",
+    "birthday": "🎂",
+    "black_circle_for_record": "⏺",
+    "clubs": "♣",
+    "diamonds": "♦",
+    "arrow_double_down": "⏬",
+    "hearts": "♥",
+    "rewind": "⏪",
+    "black_left__pointing_double_triangle_with_vertical_bar": "⏮",
+    "arrow_backward": "◀",
+    "black_medium_small_square": "◾",
+    "question": "❓",
+    "fast_forward": "⏩",
+    "black_right__pointing_double_triangle_with_vertical_bar": "⏭",
+    "arrow_forward": "▶",
+    "black_right__pointing_triangle_with_double_vertical_bar": "⏯",
+    "arrow_right": "➡",
+    "spades": "♠",
+    "black_square_for_stop": "⏹",
+    "sunny": "☀",
+    "phone": "☎",
+    "recycle": "♻",
+    "arrow_double_up": "⏫",
+    "busstop": "🚏",
+    "date": "📅",
+    "flags": "🎏",
+    "cat2": "🐈",
+    "joy_cat": "😹",
+    "smirk_cat": "😼",
+    "chart_with_downwards_trend": "📉",
+    "chart_with_upwards_trend": "📈",
+    "chart": "💹",
+    "mega": "📣",
+    "checkered_flag": "🏁",
+    "accept": "🉑",
+    "ideograph_advantage": "🉐",
+    "congratulations": "㊗",
+    "secret": "㊙",
+    "m": "Ⓜ",
+    "city_sunset": "🌆",
+    "clapper": "🎬",
+    "clap": "👏",
+    "beers": "🍻",
+    "clock830": "🕣",
+    "clock8": "🕗",
+    "clock1130": "🕦",
+    "clock11": "🕚",
+    "clock530": "🕠",
+    "clock5": "🕔",
+    "clock430": "🕟",
+    "clock4": "🕓",
+    "clock930": "🕤",
+    "clock9": "🕘",
+    "clock130": "🕜",
+    "clock1": "🕐",
+    "clock730": "🕢",
+    "clock7": "🕖",
+    "clock630": "🕡",
+    "clock6": "🕕",
+    "clock1030": "🕥",
+    "clock10": "🕙",
+    "clock330": "🕞",
+    "clock3": "🕒",
+    "clock1230": "🕧",
+    "clock12": "🕛",
+    "clock230": "🕝",
+    "clock2": "🕑",
+    "arrows_clockwise": "🔃",
+    "repeat": "🔁",
+    "repeat_one": "🔂",
+    "closed_lock_with_key": "🔐",
+    "mailbox_closed": "📪",
+    "mailbox": "📫",
+    "cloud_with_tornado": "🌪",
+    "cocktail": "🍸",
+    "boom": "💥",
+    "compression": "🗜",
+    "confounded": "😖",
+    "confused": "😕",
+    "rice": "🍚",
+    "cow2": "🐄",
+    "cricket_bat_and_ball": "🏏",
+    "x": "❌",
+    "cry": "😢",
+    "curry": "🍛",
+    "dagger_knife": "🗡",
+    "dancer": "💃",
+    "dark_sunglasses": "🕶",
+    "dash": "💨",
+    "truck": "🚚",
+    "derelict_house_building": "🏚",
+    "diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside": "💠",
+    "dart": "🎯",
+    "disappointed_relieved": "😥",
+    "disappointed": "😞",
+    "do_not_litter": "🚯",
+    "dog2": "🐕",
+    "flipper": "🐬",
+    "loop": "➿",
+    "bangbang": "‼",
+    "double_vertical_bar": "⏸",
+    "dove_of_peace": "🕊",
+    "small_red_triangle_down": "🔻",
+    "arrow_down_small": "🔽",
+    "arrow_down": "⬇",
+    "dromedary_camel": "🐪",
+    "e__mail": "📧",
+    "corn": "🌽",
+    "ear_of_rice": "🌾",
+    "earth_americas": "🌎",
+    "earth_asia": "🌏",
+    "earth_africa": "🌍",
+    "eight_pointed_black_star": "✴",
+    "eight_spoked_asterisk": "✳",
+    "eject_symbol": "⏏",
+    "bulb": "💡",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__1__2": "🏻",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__3": "🏼",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__4": "🏽",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__5": "🏾",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__6": "🏿",
+    "end": "🔚",
+    "email": "✉",
+    "european_castle": "🏰",
+    "european_post_office": "🏤",
+    "interrobang": "⁉",
+    "expressionless": "😑",
+    "eyeglasses": "👓",
+    "massage": "💆",
+    "yum": "😋",
+    "scream": "😱",
+    "kissing_heart": "😘",
+    "sweat": "😓",
+    "face_with_head__bandage": "🤕",
+    "triumph": "😤",
+    "mask": "😷",
+    "no_good": "🙅",
+    "ok_woman": "🙆",
+    "open_mouth": "😮",
+    "cold_sweat": "😰",
+    "stuck_out_tongue": "😛",
+    "stuck_out_tongue_closed_eyes": "😝",
+    "stuck_out_tongue_winking_eye": "😜",
+    "joy": "😂",
+    "no_mouth": "😶",
+    "santa": "🎅",
+    "fax": "📠",
+    "fearful": "😨",
+    "field_hockey_stick_and_ball": "🏑",
+    "first_quarter_moon_with_face": "🌛",
+    "fish_cake": "🍥",
+    "fishing_pole_and_fish": "🎣",
+    "facepunch": "👊",
+    "punch": "👊",
+    "flag_for_afghanistan": "🇦🇫",
+    "flag_for_albania": "🇦🇱",
+    "flag_for_algeria": "🇩🇿",
+    "flag_for_american_samoa": "🇦🇸",
+    "flag_for_andorra": "🇦🇩",
+    "flag_for_angola": "🇦🇴",
+    "flag_for_anguilla": "🇦🇮",
+    "flag_for_antarctica": "🇦🇶",
+    "flag_for_antigua_&_barbuda": "🇦🇬",
+    "flag_for_argentina": "🇦🇷",
+    "flag_for_armenia": "🇦🇲",
+    "flag_for_aruba": "🇦🇼",
+    "flag_for_ascension_island": "🇦🇨",
+    "flag_for_australia": "🇦🇺",
+    "flag_for_austria": "🇦🇹",
+    "flag_for_azerbaijan": "🇦🇿",
+    "flag_for_bahamas": "🇧🇸",
+    "flag_for_bahrain": "🇧🇭",
+    "flag_for_bangladesh": "🇧🇩",
+    "flag_for_barbados": "🇧🇧",
+    "flag_for_belarus": "🇧🇾",
+    "flag_for_belgium": "🇧🇪",
+    "flag_for_belize": "🇧🇿",
+    "flag_for_benin": "🇧🇯",
+    "flag_for_bermuda": "🇧🇲",
+    "flag_for_bhutan": "🇧🇹",
+    "flag_for_bolivia": "🇧🇴",
+    "flag_for_bosnia_&_herzegovina": "🇧🇦",
+    "flag_for_botswana": "🇧🇼",
+    "flag_for_bouvet_island": "🇧🇻",
+    "flag_for_brazil": "🇧🇷",
+    "flag_for_british_indian_ocean_territory": "🇮🇴",
+    "flag_for_british_virgin_islands": "🇻🇬",
+    "flag_for_brunei": "🇧🇳",
+    "flag_for_bulgaria": "🇧🇬",
+    "flag_for_burkina_faso": "🇧🇫",
+    "flag_for_burundi": "🇧🇮",
+    "flag_for_cambodia": "🇰🇭",
+    "flag_for_cameroon": "🇨🇲",
+    "flag_for_canada": "🇨🇦",
+    "flag_for_canary_islands": "🇮🇨",
+    "flag_for_cape_verde": "🇨🇻",
+    "flag_for_caribbean_netherlands": "🇧🇶",
+    "flag_for_cayman_islands": "🇰🇾",
+    "flag_for_central_african_republic": "🇨🇫",
+    "flag_for_ceuta_&_melilla": "🇪🇦",
+    "flag_for_chad": "🇹🇩",
+    "flag_for_chile": "🇨🇱",
+    "flag_for_china": "🇨🇳",
+    "flag_for_christmas_island": "🇨🇽",
+    "flag_for_clipperton_island": "🇨🇵",
+    "flag_for_cocos__islands": "🇨🇨",
+    "flag_for_colombia": "🇨🇴",
+    "flag_for_comoros": "🇰🇲",
+    "flag_for_congo____brazzaville": "🇨🇬",
+    "flag_for_congo____kinshasa": "🇨🇩",
+    "flag_for_cook_islands": "🇨🇰",
+    "flag_for_costa_rica": "🇨🇷",
+    "flag_for_croatia": "🇭🇷",
+    "flag_for_cuba": "🇨🇺",
+    "flag_for_curaçao": "🇨🇼",
+    "flag_for_cyprus": "🇨🇾",
+    "flag_for_czech_republic": "🇨🇿",
+    "flag_for_côte_d’ivoire": "🇨🇮",
+    "flag_for_denmark": "🇩🇰",
+    "flag_for_diego_garcia": "🇩🇬",
+    "flag_for_djibouti": "🇩🇯",
+    "flag_for_dominica": "🇩🇲",
+    "flag_for_dominican_republic": "🇩🇴",
+    "flag_for_ecuador": "🇪🇨",
+    "flag_for_egypt": "🇪🇬",
+    "flag_for_el_salvador": "🇸🇻",
+    "flag_for_equatorial_guinea": "🇬🇶",
+    "flag_for_eritrea": "🇪🇷",
+    "flag_for_estonia": "🇪🇪",
+    "flag_for_ethiopia": "🇪🇹",
+    "flag_for_european_union": "🇪🇺",
+    "flag_for_falkland_islands": "🇫🇰",
+    "flag_for_faroe_islands": "🇫🇴",
+    "flag_for_fiji": "🇫🇯",
+    "flag_for_finland": "🇫🇮",
+    "flag_for_france": "🇫🇷",
+    "flag_for_french_guiana": "🇬🇫",
+    "flag_for_french_polynesia": "🇵🇫",
+    "flag_for_french_southern_territories": "🇹🇫",
+    "flag_for_gabon": "🇬🇦",
+    "flag_for_gambia": "🇬🇲",
+    "flag_for_georgia": "🇬🇪",
+    "flag_for_germany": "🇩🇪",
+    "flag_for_ghana": "🇬🇭",
+    "flag_for_gibraltar": "🇬🇮",
+    "flag_for_greece": "🇬🇷",
+    "flag_for_greenland": "🇬🇱",
+    "flag_for_grenada": "🇬🇩",
+    "flag_for_guadeloupe": "🇬🇵",
+    "flag_for_guam": "🇬🇺",
+    "flag_for_guatemala": "🇬🇹",
+    "flag_for_guernsey": "🇬🇬",
+    "flag_for_guinea": "🇬🇳",
+    "flag_for_guinea__bissau": "🇬🇼",
+    "flag_for_guyana": "🇬🇾",
+    "flag_for_haiti": "🇭🇹",
+    "flag_for_heard_&_mcdonald_islands": "🇭🇲",
+    "flag_for_honduras": "🇭🇳",
+    "flag_for_hong_kong": "🇭🇰",
+    "flag_for_hungary": "🇭🇺",
+    "flag_for_iceland": "🇮🇸",
+    "flag_for_india": "🇮🇳",
+    "flag_for_indonesia": "🇮🇩",
+    "flag_for_iran": "🇮🇷",
+    "flag_for_iraq": "🇮🇶",
+    "flag_for_ireland": "🇮🇪",
+    "flag_for_isle_of_man": "🇮🇲",
+    "flag_for_israel": "🇮🇱",
+    "flag_for_italy": "🇮🇹",
+    "flag_for_jamaica": "🇯🇲",
+    "flag_for_japan": "🇯🇵",
+    "flag_for_jersey": "🇯🇪",
+    "flag_for_jordan": "🇯🇴",
+    "flag_for_kazakhstan": "🇰🇿",
+    "flag_for_kenya": "🇰🇪",
+    "flag_for_kiribati": "🇰🇮",
+    "flag_for_kosovo": "🇽🇰",
+    "flag_for_kuwait": "🇰🇼",
+    "flag_for_kyrgyzstan": "🇰🇬",
+    "flag_for_laos": "🇱🇦",
+    "flag_for_latvia": "🇱🇻",
+    "flag_for_lebanon": "🇱🇧",
+    "flag_for_lesotho": "🇱🇸",
+    "flag_for_liberia": "🇱🇷",
+    "flag_for_libya": "🇱🇾",
+    "flag_for_liechtenstein": "🇱🇮",
+    "flag_for_lithuania": "🇱🇹",
+    "flag_for_luxembourg": "🇱🇺",
+    "flag_for_macau": "🇲🇴",
+    "flag_for_macedonia": "🇲🇰",
+    "flag_for_madagascar": "🇲🇬",
+    "flag_for_malawi": "🇲🇼",
+    "flag_for_malaysia": "🇲🇾",
+    "flag_for_maldives": "🇲🇻",
+    "flag_for_mali": "🇲🇱",
+    "flag_for_malta": "🇲🇹",
+    "flag_for_marshall_islands": "🇲🇭",
+    "flag_for_martinique": "🇲🇶",
+    "flag_for_mauritania": "🇲🇷",
+    "flag_for_mauritius": "🇲🇺",
+    "flag_for_mayotte": "🇾🇹",
+    "flag_for_mexico": "🇲🇽",
+    "flag_for_micronesia": "🇫🇲",
+    "flag_for_moldova": "🇲🇩",
+    "flag_for_monaco": "🇲🇨",
+    "flag_for_mongolia": "🇲🇳",
+    "flag_for_montenegro": "🇲🇪",
+    "flag_for_montserrat": "🇲🇸",
+    "flag_for_morocco": "🇲🇦",
+    "flag_for_mozambique": "🇲🇿",
+    "flag_for_myanmar": "🇲🇲",
+    "flag_for_namibia": "🇳🇦",
+    "flag_for_nauru": "🇳🇷",
+    "flag_for_nepal": "🇳🇵",
+    "flag_for_netherlands": "🇳🇱",
+    "flag_for_new_caledonia": "🇳🇨",
+    "flag_for_new_zealand": "🇳🇿",
+    "flag_for_nicaragua": "🇳🇮",
+    "flag_for_niger": "🇳🇪",
+    "flag_for_nigeria": "🇳🇬",
+    "flag_for_niue": "🇳🇺",
+    "flag_for_norfolk_island": "🇳🇫",
+    "flag_for_north_korea": "🇰🇵",
+    "flag_for_northern_mariana_islands": "🇲🇵",
+    "flag_for_norway": "🇳🇴",
+    "flag_for_oman": "🇴🇲",
+    "flag_for_pakistan": "🇵🇰",
+    "flag_for_palau": "🇵🇼",
+    "flag_for_palestinian_territories": "🇵🇸",
+    "flag_for_panama": "🇵🇦",
+    "flag_for_papua_new_guinea": "🇵🇬",
+    "flag_for_paraguay": "🇵🇾",
+    "flag_for_peru": "🇵🇪",
+    "flag_for_philippines": "🇵🇭",
+    "flag_for_pitcairn_islands": "🇵🇳",
+    "flag_for_poland": "🇵🇱",
+    "flag_for_portugal": "🇵🇹",
+    "flag_for_puerto_rico": "🇵🇷",
+    "flag_for_qatar": "🇶🇦",
+    "flag_for_romania": "🇷🇴",
+    "flag_for_russia": "🇷🇺",
+    "flag_for_rwanda": "🇷🇼",
+    "flag_for_réunion": "🇷🇪",
+    "flag_for_samoa": "🇼🇸",
+    "flag_for_san_marino": "🇸🇲",
+    "flag_for_saudi_arabia": "🇸🇦",
+    "flag_for_senegal": "🇸🇳",
+    "flag_for_serbia": "🇷🇸",
+    "flag_for_seychelles": "🇸🇨",
+    "flag_for_sierra_leone": "🇸🇱",
+    "flag_for_singapore": "🇸🇬",
+    "flag_for_sint_maarten": "🇸🇽",
+    "flag_for_slovakia": "🇸🇰",
+    "flag_for_slovenia": "🇸🇮",
+    "flag_for_solomon_islands": "🇸🇧",
+    "flag_for_somalia": "🇸🇴",
+    "flag_for_south_africa": "🇿🇦",
+    "flag_for_south_georgia_&_south_sandwich_islands": "🇬🇸",
+    "flag_for_south_korea": "🇰🇷",
+    "flag_for_south_sudan": "🇸🇸",
+    "flag_for_spain": "🇪🇸",
+    "flag_for_sri_lanka": "🇱🇰",
+    "flag_for_st._barthélemy": "🇧🇱",
+    "flag_for_st._helena": "🇸🇭",
+    "flag_for_st._kitts_&_nevis": "🇰🇳",
+    "flag_for_st._lucia": "🇱🇨",
+    "flag_for_st._martin": "🇲🇫",
+    "flag_for_st._pierre_&_miquelon": "🇵🇲",
+    "flag_for_st._vincent_&_grenadines": "🇻🇨",
+    "flag_for_sudan": "🇸🇩",
+    "flag_for_suriname": "🇸🇷",
+    "flag_for_svalbard_&_jan_mayen": "🇸🇯",
+    "flag_for_swaziland": "🇸🇿",
+    "flag_for_sweden": "🇸🇪",
+    "flag_for_switzerland": "🇨🇭",
+    "flag_for_syria": "🇸🇾",
+    "flag_for_são_tomé_&_príncipe": "🇸🇹",
+    "flag_for_taiwan": "🇹🇼",
+    "flag_for_tajikistan": "🇹🇯",
+    "flag_for_tanzania": "🇹🇿",
+    "flag_for_thailand": "🇹🇭",
+    "flag_for_timor__leste": "🇹🇱",
+    "flag_for_togo": "🇹🇬",
+    "flag_for_tokelau": "🇹🇰",
+    "flag_for_tonga": "🇹🇴",
+    "flag_for_trinidad_&_tobago": "🇹🇹",
+    "flag_for_tristan_da_cunha": "🇹🇦",
+    "flag_for_tunisia": "🇹🇳",
+    "flag_for_turkey": "🇹🇷",
+    "flag_for_turkmenistan": "🇹🇲",
+    "flag_for_turks_&_caicos_islands": "🇹🇨",
+    "flag_for_tuvalu": "🇹🇻",
+    "flag_for_u.s._outlying_islands": "🇺🇲",
+    "flag_for_u.s._virgin_islands": "🇻🇮",
+    "flag_for_uganda": "🇺🇬",
+    "flag_for_ukraine": "🇺🇦",
+    "flag_for_united_arab_emirates": "🇦🇪",
+    "flag_for_united_kingdom": "🇬🇧",
+    "flag_for_united_states": "🇺🇸",
+    "flag_for_uruguay": "🇺🇾",
+    "flag_for_uzbekistan": "🇺🇿",
+    "flag_for_vanuatu": "🇻🇺",
+    "flag_for_vatican_city": "🇻🇦",
+    "flag_for_venezuela": "🇻🇪",
+    "flag_for_vietnam": "🇻🇳",
+    "flag_for_wallis_&_futuna": "🇼🇫",
+    "flag_for_western_sahara": "🇪🇭",
+    "flag_for_yemen": "🇾🇪",
+    "flag_for_zambia": "🇿🇲",
+    "flag_for_zimbabwe": "🇿🇼",
+    "flag_for_åland_islands": "🇦🇽",
+    "golf": "⛳",
+    "fleur__de__lis": "⚜",
+    "muscle": "💪",
+    "flushed": "😳",
+    "frame_with_picture": "🖼",
+    "fries": "🍟",
+    "frog": "🐸",
+    "hatched_chick": "🐥",
+    "frowning": "😦",
+    "fuelpump": "⛽",
+    "full_moon_with_face": "🌝",
+    "gem": "💎",
+    "star2": "🌟",
+    "golfer": "🏌",
+    "mortar_board": "🎓",
+    "grimacing": "😬",
+    "smile_cat": "😸",
+    "grinning": "😀",
+    "grin": "😁",
+    "heartpulse": "💗",
+    "guardsman": "💂",
+    "haircut": "💇",
+    "hamster": "🐹",
+    "raising_hand": "🙋",
+    "headphones": "🎧",
+    "hear_no_evil": "🙉",
+    "cupid": "💘",
+    "gift_heart": "💝",
+    "heart": "❤",
+    "exclamation": "❗",
+    "heavy_exclamation_mark": "❗",
+    "heavy_heart_exclamation_mark_ornament": "❣",
+    "o": "⭕",
+    "helm_symbol": "⎈",
+    "helmet_with_white_cross": "⛑",
+    "high_heel": "👠",
+    "bullettrain_side": "🚄",
+    "bullettrain_front": "🚅",
+    "high_brightness": "🔆",
+    "zap": "⚡",
+    "hocho": "🔪",
+    "knife": "🔪",
+    "bee": "🐝",
+    "traffic_light": "🚥",
+    "racehorse": "🐎",
+    "coffee": "☕",
+    "hotsprings": "♨",
+    "hourglass": "⌛",
+    "hourglass_flowing_sand": "⏳",
+    "house_buildings": "🏘",
+    "100": "💯",
+    "hushed": "😯",
+    "ice_hockey_stick_and_puck": "🏒",
+    "imp": "👿",
+    "information_desk_person": "💁",
+    "information_source": "ℹ",
+    "capital_abcd": "🔠",
+    "abc": "🔤",
+    "abcd": "🔡",
+    "1234": "🔢",
+    "symbols": "🔣",
+    "izakaya_lantern": "🏮",
+    "lantern": "🏮",
+    "jack_o_lantern": "🎃",
+    "dolls": "🎎",
+    "japanese_goblin": "👺",
+    "japanese_ogre": "👹",
+    "beginner": "🔰",
+    "zero": "0️⃣",
+    "one": "1️⃣",
+    "ten": "🔟",
+    "two": "2️⃣",
+    "three": "3️⃣",
+    "four": "4️⃣",
+    "five": "5️⃣",
+    "six": "6️⃣",
+    "seven": "7️⃣",
+    "eight": "8️⃣",
+    "nine": "9️⃣",
+    "couplekiss": "💏",
+    "kissing_cat": "😽",
+    "kissing": "😗",
+    "kissing_closed_eyes": "😚",
+    "kissing_smiling_eyes": "😙",
+    "beetle": "🐞",
+    "large_blue_circle": "🔵",
+    "last_quarter_moon_with_face": "🌜",
+    "leaves": "🍃",
+    "mag": "🔍",
+    "left_right_arrow": "↔",
+    "leftwards_arrow_with_hook": "↩",
+    "arrow_left": "⬅",
+    "lock": "🔒",
+    "lock_with_ink_pen": "🔏",
+    "sob": "😭",
+    "low_brightness": "🔅",
+    "lower_left_ballpoint_pen": "🖊",
+    "lower_left_crayon": "🖍",
+    "lower_left_fountain_pen": "🖋",
+    "lower_left_paintbrush": "🖌",
+    "mahjong": "🀄",
+    "couple": "👫",
+    "man_in_business_suit_levitating": "🕴",
+    "man_with_gua_pi_mao": "👲",
+    "man_with_turban": "👳",
+    "mans_shoe": "👞",
+    "shoe": "👞",
+    "menorah_with_nine_branches": "🕎",
+    "mens": "🚹",
+    "minidisc": "💽",
+    "iphone": "📱",
+    "calling": "📲",
+    "money__mouth_face": "🤑",
+    "moneybag": "💰",
+    "rice_scene": "🎑",
+    "mountain_bicyclist": "🚵",
+    "mouse2": "🐁",
+    "lips": "👄",
+    "moyai": "🗿",
+    "notes": "🎶",
+    "nail_care": "💅",
+    "ab": "🆎",
+    "negative_squared_cross_mark": "❎",
+    "a": "🅰",
+    "b": "🅱",
+    "o2": "🅾",
+    "parking": "🅿",
+    "new_moon_with_face": "🌚",
+    "no_entry_sign": "🚫",
+    "underage": "🔞",
+    "non__potable_water": "🚱",
+    "arrow_upper_right": "↗",
+    "arrow_upper_left": "↖",
+    "office": "🏢",
+    "older_man": "👴",
+    "older_woman": "👵",
+    "om_symbol": "🕉",
+    "on": "🔛",
+    "book": "📖",
+    "unlock": "🔓",
+    "mailbox_with_no_mail": "📭",
+    "mailbox_with_mail": "📬",
+    "cd": "💿",
+    "tada": "🎉",
+    "feet": "🐾",
+    "walking": "🚶",
+    "pencil2": "✏",
+    "pensive": "😔",
+    "persevere": "😣",
+    "bow": "🙇",
+    "raised_hands": "🙌",
+    "person_with_ball": "⛹",
+    "person_with_blond_hair": "👱",
+    "pray": "🙏",
+    "person_with_pouting_face": "🙎",
+    "computer": "💻",
+    "pig2": "🐖",
+    "hankey": "💩",
+    "poop": "💩",
+    "shit": "💩",
+    "bamboo": "🎍",
+    "gun": "🔫",
+    "black_joker": "🃏",
+    "rotating_light": "🚨",
+    "cop": "👮",
+    "stew": "🍲",
+    "pouch": "👝",
+    "pouting_cat": "😾",
+    "rage": "😡",
+    "put_litter_in_its_place": "🚮",
+    "rabbit2": "🐇",
+    "racing_motorcycle": "🏍",
+    "radioactive_sign": "☢",
+    "fist": "✊",
+    "hand": "✋",
+    "raised_hand_with_fingers_splayed": "🖐",
+    "raised_hand_with_part_between_middle_and_ring_fingers": "🖖",
+    "blue_car": "🚙",
+    "apple": "🍎",
+    "relieved": "😌",
+    "reversed_hand_with_middle_finger_extended": "🖕",
+    "mag_right": "🔎",
+    "arrow_right_hook": "↪",
+    "sweet_potato": "🍠",
+    "robot": "🤖",
+    "rolled__up_newspaper": "🗞",
+    "rowboat": "🚣",
+    "runner": "🏃",
+    "running": "🏃",
+    "running_shirt_with_sash": "🎽",
+    "boat": "⛵",
+    "scales": "⚖",
+    "school_satchel": "🎒",
+    "scorpius": "♏",
+    "see_no_evil": "🙈",
+    "sheep": "🐑",
+    "stars": "🌠",
+    "cake": "🍰",
+    "six_pointed_star": "🔯",
+    "ski": "🎿",
+    "sleeping_accommodation": "🛌",
+    "sleeping": "😴",
+    "sleepy": "😪",
+    "sleuth_or_spy": "🕵",
+    "heart_eyes_cat": "😻",
+    "smiley_cat": "😺",
+    "innocent": "😇",
+    "heart_eyes": "😍",
+    "smiling_imp": "😈",
+    "smiley": "😃",
+    "sweat_smile": "😅",
+    "smile": "😄",
+    "laughing": "😆",
+    "satisfied": "😆",
+    "blush": "😊",
+    "smirk": "😏",
+    "smoking": "🚬",
+    "snow_capped_mountain": "🏔",
+    "soccer": "⚽",
+    "icecream": "🍦",
+    "soon": "🔜",
+    "arrow_lower_right": "↘",
+    "arrow_lower_left": "↙",
+    "speak_no_evil": "🙊",
+    "speaker": "🔈",
+    "mute": "🔇",
+    "sound": "🔉",
+    "loud_sound": "🔊",
+    "speaking_head_in_silhouette": "🗣",
+    "spiral_calendar_pad": "🗓",
+    "spiral_note_pad": "🗒",
+    "shell": "🐚",
+    "sweat_drops": "💦",
+    "u5272": "🈹",
+    "u5408": "🈴",
+    "u55b6": "🈺",
+    "u6307": "🈯",
+    "u6708": "🈷",
+    "u6709": "🈶",
+    "u6e80": "🈵",
+    "u7121": "🈚",
+    "u7533": "🈸",
+    "u7981": "🈲",
+    "u7a7a": "🈳",
+    "cl": "🆑",
+    "cool": "🆒",
+    "free": "🆓",
+    "id": "🆔",
+    "koko": "🈁",
+    "sa": "🈂",
+    "new": "🆕",
+    "ng": "🆖",
+    "ok": "🆗",
+    "sos": "🆘",
+    "up": "🆙",
+    "vs": "🆚",
+    "steam_locomotive": "🚂",
+    "ramen": "🍜",
+    "partly_sunny": "⛅",
+    "city_sunrise": "🌇",
+    "surfer": "🏄",
+    "swimmer": "🏊",
+    "shirt": "👕",
+    "tshirt": "👕",
+    "table_tennis_paddle_and_ball": "🏓",
+    "tea": "🍵",
+    "tv": "📺",
+    "three_button_mouse": "🖱",
+    "+1": "👍",
+    "thumbsup": "👍",
+    "__1": "👎",
+    "-1": "👎",
+    "thumbsdown": "👎",
+    "thunder_cloud_and_rain": "⛈",
+    "tiger2": "🐅",
+    "tophat": "🎩",
+    "top": "🔝",
+    "tm": "™",
+    "train2": "🚆",
+    "triangular_flag_on_post": "🚩",
+    "trident": "🔱",
+    "twisted_rightwards_arrows": "🔀",
+    "unamused": "😒",
+    "small_red_triangle": "🔺",
+    "arrow_up_small": "🔼",
+    "arrow_up_down": "↕",
+    "upside__down_face": "🙃",
+    "arrow_up": "⬆",
+    "v": "✌",
+    "vhs": "📼",
+    "wc": "🚾",
+    "ocean": "🌊",
+    "waving_black_flag": "🏴",
+    "wave": "👋",
+    "waving_white_flag": "🏳",
+    "moon": "🌔",
+    "scream_cat": "🙀",
+    "weary": "😩",
+    "weight_lifter": "🏋",
+    "whale2": "🐋",
+    "wheelchair": "♿",
+    "point_down": "👇",
+    "grey_exclamation": "❕",
+    "white_frowning_face": "☹",
+    "white_check_mark": "✅",
+    "point_left": "👈",
+    "white_medium_small_square": "◽",
+    "star": "⭐",
+    "grey_question": "❔",
+    "point_right": "👉",
+    "relaxed": "☺",
+    "white_sun_behind_cloud": "🌥",
+    "white_sun_behind_cloud_with_rain": "🌦",
+    "white_sun_with_small_cloud": "🌤",
+    "point_up_2": "👆",
+    "point_up": "☝",
+    "wind_blowing_face": "🌬",
+    "wink": "😉",
+    "wolf": "🐺",
+    "dancers": "👯",
+    "boot": "👢",
+    "womans_clothes": "👚",
+    "womans_hat": "👒",
+    "sandal": "👡",
+    "womens": "🚺",
+    "worried": "😟",
+    "gift": "🎁",
+    "zipper__mouth_face": "🤐",
+    "regional_indicator_a": "🇦",
+    "regional_indicator_b": "🇧",
+    "regional_indicator_c": "🇨",
+    "regional_indicator_d": "🇩",
+    "regional_indicator_e": "🇪",
+    "regional_indicator_f": "🇫",
+    "regional_indicator_g": "🇬",
+    "regional_indicator_h": "🇭",
+    "regional_indicator_i": "🇮",
+    "regional_indicator_j": "🇯",
+    "regional_indicator_k": "🇰",
+    "regional_indicator_l": "🇱",
+    "regional_indicator_m": "🇲",
+    "regional_indicator_n": "🇳",
+    "regional_indicator_o": "🇴",
+    "regional_indicator_p": "🇵",
+    "regional_indicator_q": "🇶",
+    "regional_indicator_r": "🇷",
+    "regional_indicator_s": "🇸",
+    "regional_indicator_t": "🇹",
+    "regional_indicator_u": "🇺",
+    "regional_indicator_v": "🇻",
+    "regional_indicator_w": "🇼",
+    "regional_indicator_x": "🇽",
+    "regional_indicator_y": "🇾",
+    "regional_indicator_z": "🇿",
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb2cafa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from typing import Callable, Match, Optional
+import re
+
+from ._emoji_codes import EMOJI
+
+
+_ReStringMatch = Match[str]  # regex match object
+_ReSubCallable = Callable[[_ReStringMatch], str]  # Callable invoked by re.sub
+_EmojiSubMethod = Callable[[_ReSubCallable, str], str]  # Sub method of a compiled re
+
+
+def _emoji_replace(
+    text: str,
+    default_variant: Optional[str] = None,
+    _emoji_sub: _EmojiSubMethod = re.compile(r"(:(\S*?)(?:(?:\-)(emoji|text))?:)").sub,
+) -> str:
+    """Replace emoji code in text."""
+    get_emoji = EMOJI.__getitem__
+    variants = {"text": "\uFE0E", "emoji": "\uFE0F"}
+    get_variant = variants.get
+    default_variant_code = variants.get(default_variant, "") if default_variant else ""
+
+    def do_replace(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        emoji_code, emoji_name, variant = match.groups()
+        try:
+            return get_emoji(emoji_name.lower()) + get_variant(
+                variant, default_variant_code
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            return emoji_code
+
+    return _emoji_sub(do_replace, text)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..094d2dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT = """\
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<style>
+{stylesheet}
+body {{
+    color: {foreground};
+    background-color: {background};
+}}
+</style>
+</head>
+<html>
+<body>
+    <pre style="font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace"><code>{code}</code></pre>
+</body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT = """\
+<svg class="rich-terminal" viewBox="0 0 {width} {height}" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+    <!-- Generated with Rich https://www.textualize.io -->
+    <style>
+
+    @font-face {{
+        font-family: "Fira Code";
+        src: local("FiraCode-Regular"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff2/FiraCode-Regular.woff2") format("woff2"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff/FiraCode-Regular.woff") format("woff");
+        font-style: normal;
+        font-weight: 400;
+    }}
+    @font-face {{
+        font-family: "Fira Code";
+        src: local("FiraCode-Bold"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff2/FiraCode-Bold.woff2") format("woff2"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff/FiraCode-Bold.woff") format("woff");
+        font-style: bold;
+        font-weight: 700;
+    }}
+
+    .{unique_id}-matrix {{
+        font-family: Fira Code, monospace;
+        font-size: {char_height}px;
+        line-height: {line_height}px;
+        font-variant-east-asian: full-width;
+    }}
+
+    .{unique_id}-title {{
+        font-size: 18px;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        font-family: arial;
+    }}
+
+    {styles}
+    </style>
+
+    <defs>
+    <clipPath id="{unique_id}-clip-terminal">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="{terminal_width}" height="{terminal_height}" />
+    </clipPath>
+    {lines}
+    </defs>
+
+    {chrome}
+    <g transform="translate({terminal_x}, {terminal_y})" clip-path="url(#{unique_id}-clip-terminal)">
+    {backgrounds}
+    <g class="{unique_id}-matrix">
+    {matrix}
+    </g>
+    </g>
+</svg>
+"""
+
+_SVG_FONT_FAMILY = "Rich Fira Code"
+_SVG_CLASSES_PREFIX = "rich-svg"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbd6da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    # prevent circular import
+    from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import install
+    from pip._vendor.rich.traceback import install as tr_install
+
+    install()
+    tr_install()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b17ee65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import IO, Callable
+
+
+def get_fileno(file_like: IO[str]) -> int | None:
+    """Get fileno() from a file, accounting for poorly implemented file-like objects.
+
+    Args:
+        file_like (IO): A file-like object.
+
+    Returns:
+        int | None: The result of fileno if available, or None if operation failed.
+    """
+    fileno: Callable[[], int] | None = getattr(file_like, "fileno", None)
+    if fileno is not None:
+        try:
+            return fileno()
+        except Exception:
+            # `fileno` is documented as potentially raising a OSError
+            # Alas, from the issues, there are so many poorly implemented file-like objects,
+            # that `fileno()` can raise just about anything.
+            return None
+    return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30446ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import inspect
+from inspect import cleandoc, getdoc, getfile, isclass, ismodule, signature
+from typing import Any, Collection, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from .console import Group, RenderableType
+from .control import escape_control_codes
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+
+def _first_paragraph(doc: str) -> str:
+    """Get the first paragraph from a docstring."""
+    paragraph, _, _ = doc.partition("\n\n")
+    return paragraph
+
+
+class Inspect(JupyterMixin):
+    """A renderable to inspect any Python Object.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
+        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
+        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
+        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
+        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
+        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
+        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
+        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
+        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
+        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value of object. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        help: bool = False,
+        methods: bool = False,
+        docs: bool = True,
+        private: bool = False,
+        dunder: bool = False,
+        sort: bool = True,
+        all: bool = True,
+        value: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        self.obj = obj
+        self.title = title or self._make_title(obj)
+        if all:
+            methods = private = dunder = True
+        self.help = help
+        self.methods = methods
+        self.docs = docs or help
+        self.private = private or dunder
+        self.dunder = dunder
+        self.sort = sort
+        self.value = value
+
+    def _make_title(self, obj: Any) -> Text:
+        """Make a default title."""
+        title_str = (
+            str(obj)
+            if (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj))
+            else str(type(obj))
+        )
+        title_text = self.highlighter(title_str)
+        return title_text
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Panel:
+        return Panel.fit(
+            Group(*self._render()),
+            title=self.title,
+            border_style="scope.border",
+            padding=(0, 1),
+        )
+
+    def _get_signature(self, name: str, obj: Any) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Get a signature for a callable."""
+        try:
+            _signature = str(signature(obj)) + ":"
+        except ValueError:
+            _signature = "(...)"
+        except TypeError:
+            return None
+
+        source_filename: Optional[str] = None
+        try:
+            source_filename = getfile(obj)
+        except (OSError, TypeError):
+            # OSError is raised if obj has no source file, e.g. when defined in REPL.
+            pass
+
+        callable_name = Text(name, style="inspect.callable")
+        if source_filename:
+            callable_name.stylize(f"link file://{source_filename}")
+        signature_text = self.highlighter(_signature)
+
+        qualname = name or getattr(obj, "__qualname__", name)
+
+        # If obj is a module, there may be classes (which are callable) to display
+        if inspect.isclass(obj):
+            prefix = "class"
+        elif inspect.iscoroutinefunction(obj):
+            prefix = "async def"
+        else:
+            prefix = "def"
+
+        qual_signature = Text.assemble(
+            (f"{prefix} ", f"inspect.{prefix.replace(' ', '_')}"),
+            (qualname, "inspect.callable"),
+            signature_text,
+        )
+
+        return qual_signature
+
+    def _render(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
+        """Render object."""
+
+        def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+            key, (_error, value) = item
+            return (callable(value), key.strip("_").lower())
+
+        def safe_getattr(attr_name: str) -> Tuple[Any, Any]:
+            """Get attribute or any exception."""
+            try:
+                return (None, getattr(obj, attr_name))
+            except Exception as error:
+                return (error, None)
+
+        obj = self.obj
+        keys = dir(obj)
+        total_items = len(keys)
+        if not self.dunder:
+            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("__")]
+        if not self.private:
+            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("_")]
+        not_shown_count = total_items - len(keys)
+        items = [(key, safe_getattr(key)) for key in keys]
+        if self.sort:
+            items.sort(key=sort_items)
+
+        items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
+        items_table.add_column(justify="right")
+        add_row = items_table.add_row
+        highlighter = self.highlighter
+
+        if callable(obj):
+            signature = self._get_signature("", obj)
+            if signature is not None:
+                yield signature
+                yield ""
+
+        if self.docs:
+            _doc = self._get_formatted_doc(obj)
+            if _doc is not None:
+                doc_text = Text(_doc, style="inspect.help")
+                doc_text = highlighter(doc_text)
+                yield doc_text
+                yield ""
+
+        if self.value and not (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj)):
+            yield Panel(
+                Pretty(obj, indent_guides=True, max_length=10, max_string=60),
+                border_style="inspect.value.border",
+            )
+            yield ""
+
+        for key, (error, value) in items:
+            key_text = Text.assemble(
+                (
+                    key,
+                    "inspect.attr.dunder" if key.startswith("__") else "inspect.attr",
+                ),
+                (" =", "inspect.equals"),
+            )
+            if error is not None:
+                warning = key_text.copy()
+                warning.stylize("inspect.error")
+                add_row(warning, highlighter(repr(error)))
+                continue
+
+            if callable(value):
+                if not self.methods:
+                    continue
+
+                _signature_text = self._get_signature(key, value)
+                if _signature_text is None:
+                    add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
+                else:
+                    if self.docs:
+                        docs = self._get_formatted_doc(value)
+                        if docs is not None:
+                            _signature_text.append("\n" if "\n" in docs else " ")
+                            doc = highlighter(docs)
+                            doc.stylize("inspect.doc")
+                            _signature_text.append(doc)
+
+                    add_row(key_text, _signature_text)
+            else:
+                add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
+        if items_table.row_count:
+            yield items_table
+        elif not_shown_count:
+            yield Text.from_markup(
+                f"[b cyan]{not_shown_count}[/][i] attribute(s) not shown.[/i] "
+                f"Run [b][magenta]inspect[/]([not b]inspect[/])[/b] for options."
+            )
+
+    def _get_formatted_doc(self, object_: Any) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Extract the docstring of an object, process it and returns it.
+        The processing consists in cleaning up the doctring's indentation,
+        taking only its 1st paragraph if `self.help` is not True,
+        and escape its control codes.
+
+        Args:
+            object_ (Any): the object to get the docstring from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: the processed docstring, or None if no docstring was found.
+        """
+        docs = getdoc(object_)
+        if docs is None:
+            return None
+        docs = cleandoc(docs).strip()
+        if not self.help:
+            docs = _first_paragraph(docs)
+        return escape_control_codes(docs)
+
+
+def get_object_types_mro(obj: Union[object, Type[Any]]) -> Tuple[type, ...]:
+    """Returns the MRO of an object's class, or of the object itself if it's a class."""
+    if not hasattr(obj, "__mro__"):
+        # N.B. we cannot use `if type(obj) is type` here because it doesn't work with
+        # some types of classes, such as the ones that use abc.ABCMeta.
+        obj = type(obj)
+    return getattr(obj, "__mro__", ())
+
+
+def get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj: object) -> Collection[str]:
+    """
+    Returns the MRO of an object's class as full qualified names, or of the object itself if it's a class.
+
+    Examples:
+        `object_types_mro_as_strings(JSONDecoder)` will return `['json.decoder.JSONDecoder', 'builtins.object']`
+    """
+    return [
+        f'{getattr(type_, "__module__", "")}.{getattr(type_, "__qualname__", "")}'
+        for type_ in get_object_types_mro(obj)
+    ]
+
+
+def is_object_one_of_types(
+    obj: object, fully_qualified_types_names: Collection[str]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns `True` if the given object's class (or the object itself, if it's a class) has one of the
+    fully qualified names in its MRO.
+    """
+    for type_name in get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj):
+        if type_name in fully_qualified_types_names:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc16c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, Callable
+
+
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable, RenderableType
+    from .table import Table
+
+FormatTimeCallable = Callable[[datetime], Text]
+
+
+class LogRender:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        show_time: bool = True,
+        show_level: bool = False,
+        show_path: bool = True,
+        time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
+        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
+        level_width: Optional[int] = 8,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.show_time = show_time
+        self.show_level = show_level
+        self.show_path = show_path
+        self.time_format = time_format
+        self.omit_repeated_times = omit_repeated_times
+        self.level_width = level_width
+        self._last_time: Optional[Text] = None
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        renderables: Iterable["ConsoleRenderable"],
+        log_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        time_format: Optional[Union[str, FormatTimeCallable]] = None,
+        level: TextType = "",
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        line_no: Optional[int] = None,
+        link_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> "Table":
+        from .containers import Renderables
+        from .table import Table
+
+        output = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1))
+        output.expand = True
+        if self.show_time:
+            output.add_column(style="log.time")
+        if self.show_level:
+            output.add_column(style="log.level", width=self.level_width)
+        output.add_column(ratio=1, style="log.message", overflow="fold")
+        if self.show_path and path:
+            output.add_column(style="log.path")
+        row: List["RenderableType"] = []
+        if self.show_time:
+            log_time = log_time or console.get_datetime()
+            time_format = time_format or self.time_format
+            if callable(time_format):
+                log_time_display = time_format(log_time)
+            else:
+                log_time_display = Text(log_time.strftime(time_format))
+            if log_time_display == self._last_time and self.omit_repeated_times:
+                row.append(Text(" " * len(log_time_display)))
+            else:
+                row.append(log_time_display)
+                self._last_time = log_time_display
+        if self.show_level:
+            row.append(level)
+
+        row.append(Renderables(renderables))
+        if self.show_path and path:
+            path_text = Text()
+            path_text.append(
+                path, style=f"link file://{link_path}" if link_path else ""
+            )
+            if line_no:
+                path_text.append(":")
+                path_text.append(
+                    f"{line_no}",
+                    style=f"link file://{link_path}#{line_no}" if link_path else "",
+                )
+            row.append(path_text)
+
+        output.add_row(*row)
+        return output
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    c = Console()
+    c.print("[on blue]Hello", justify="right")
+    c.log("[on blue]hello", justify="right")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def loop_first(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    yield True, value
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, value
+
+
+def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value
+
+
+def loop_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    first = True
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield first, False, previous_value
+        first = False
+        previous_value = value
+    yield first, True, previous_value
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b659673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Type
+
+
+class NullFile(IO[str]):
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def read(self, __n: int = 1) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def readline(self, __limit: int = 1) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def readlines(self, __hint: int = 1) -> List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def seek(self, __offset: int, __whence: int = 1) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def truncate(self, __size: Optional[int] = 1) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def writelines(self, __lines: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __next__(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter([""])
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> IO[str]:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        __t: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        __value: Optional[BaseException],
+        __traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return -1
+
+
+NULL_FILE = NullFile()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c748d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+from .palette import Palette
+
+
+# Taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code (Windows 10 column)
+WINDOWS_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (12, 12, 12),
+        (197, 15, 31),
+        (19, 161, 14),
+        (193, 156, 0),
+        (0, 55, 218),
+        (136, 23, 152),
+        (58, 150, 221),
+        (204, 204, 204),
+        (118, 118, 118),
+        (231, 72, 86),
+        (22, 198, 12),
+        (249, 241, 165),
+        (59, 120, 255),
+        (180, 0, 158),
+        (97, 214, 214),
+        (242, 242, 242),
+    ]
+)
+
+# # The standard ansi colors (including bright variants)
+STANDARD_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (170, 0, 0),
+        (0, 170, 0),
+        (170, 85, 0),
+        (0, 0, 170),
+        (170, 0, 170),
+        (0, 170, 170),
+        (170, 170, 170),
+        (85, 85, 85),
+        (255, 85, 85),
+        (85, 255, 85),
+        (255, 255, 85),
+        (85, 85, 255),
+        (255, 85, 255),
+        (85, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# The 256 color palette
+EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (128, 0, 0),
+        (0, 128, 0),
+        (128, 128, 0),
+        (0, 0, 128),
+        (128, 0, 128),
+        (0, 128, 128),
+        (192, 192, 192),
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (0, 0, 95),
+        (0, 0, 135),
+        (0, 0, 175),
+        (0, 0, 215),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (0, 95, 0),
+        (0, 95, 95),
+        (0, 95, 135),
+        (0, 95, 175),
+        (0, 95, 215),
+        (0, 95, 255),
+        (0, 135, 0),
+        (0, 135, 95),
+        (0, 135, 135),
+        (0, 135, 175),
+        (0, 135, 215),
+        (0, 135, 255),
+        (0, 175, 0),
+        (0, 175, 95),
+        (0, 175, 135),
+        (0, 175, 175),
+        (0, 175, 215),
+        (0, 175, 255),
+        (0, 215, 0),
+        (0, 215, 95),
+        (0, 215, 135),
+        (0, 215, 175),
+        (0, 215, 215),
+        (0, 215, 255),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (0, 255, 95),
+        (0, 255, 135),
+        (0, 255, 175),
+        (0, 255, 215),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (95, 0, 0),
+        (95, 0, 95),
+        (95, 0, 135),
+        (95, 0, 175),
+        (95, 0, 215),
+        (95, 0, 255),
+        (95, 95, 0),
+        (95, 95, 95),
+        (95, 95, 135),
+        (95, 95, 175),
+        (95, 95, 215),
+        (95, 95, 255),
+        (95, 135, 0),
+        (95, 135, 95),
+        (95, 135, 135),
+        (95, 135, 175),
+        (95, 135, 215),
+        (95, 135, 255),
+        (95, 175, 0),
+        (95, 175, 95),
+        (95, 175, 135),
+        (95, 175, 175),
+        (95, 175, 215),
+        (95, 175, 255),
+        (95, 215, 0),
+        (95, 215, 95),
+        (95, 215, 135),
+        (95, 215, 175),
+        (95, 215, 215),
+        (95, 215, 255),
+        (95, 255, 0),
+        (95, 255, 95),
+        (95, 255, 135),
+        (95, 255, 175),
+        (95, 255, 215),
+        (95, 255, 255),
+        (135, 0, 0),
+        (135, 0, 95),
+        (135, 0, 135),
+        (135, 0, 175),
+        (135, 0, 215),
+        (135, 0, 255),
+        (135, 95, 0),
+        (135, 95, 95),
+        (135, 95, 135),
+        (135, 95, 175),
+        (135, 95, 215),
+        (135, 95, 255),
+        (135, 135, 0),
+        (135, 135, 95),
+        (135, 135, 135),
+        (135, 135, 175),
+        (135, 135, 215),
+        (135, 135, 255),
+        (135, 175, 0),
+        (135, 175, 95),
+        (135, 175, 135),
+        (135, 175, 175),
+        (135, 175, 215),
+        (135, 175, 255),
+        (135, 215, 0),
+        (135, 215, 95),
+        (135, 215, 135),
+        (135, 215, 175),
+        (135, 215, 215),
+        (135, 215, 255),
+        (135, 255, 0),
+        (135, 255, 95),
+        (135, 255, 135),
+        (135, 255, 175),
+        (135, 255, 215),
+        (135, 255, 255),
+        (175, 0, 0),
+        (175, 0, 95),
+        (175, 0, 135),
+        (175, 0, 175),
+        (175, 0, 215),
+        (175, 0, 255),
+        (175, 95, 0),
+        (175, 95, 95),
+        (175, 95, 135),
+        (175, 95, 175),
+        (175, 95, 215),
+        (175, 95, 255),
+        (175, 135, 0),
+        (175, 135, 95),
+        (175, 135, 135),
+        (175, 135, 175),
+        (175, 135, 215),
+        (175, 135, 255),
+        (175, 175, 0),
+        (175, 175, 95),
+        (175, 175, 135),
+        (175, 175, 175),
+        (175, 175, 215),
+        (175, 175, 255),
+        (175, 215, 0),
+        (175, 215, 95),
+        (175, 215, 135),
+        (175, 215, 175),
+        (175, 215, 215),
+        (175, 215, 255),
+        (175, 255, 0),
+        (175, 255, 95),
+        (175, 255, 135),
+        (175, 255, 175),
+        (175, 255, 215),
+        (175, 255, 255),
+        (215, 0, 0),
+        (215, 0, 95),
+        (215, 0, 135),
+        (215, 0, 175),
+        (215, 0, 215),
+        (215, 0, 255),
+        (215, 95, 0),
+        (215, 95, 95),
+        (215, 95, 135),
+        (215, 95, 175),
+        (215, 95, 215),
+        (215, 95, 255),
+        (215, 135, 0),
+        (215, 135, 95),
+        (215, 135, 135),
+        (215, 135, 175),
+        (215, 135, 215),
+        (215, 135, 255),
+        (215, 175, 0),
+        (215, 175, 95),
+        (215, 175, 135),
+        (215, 175, 175),
+        (215, 175, 215),
+        (215, 175, 255),
+        (215, 215, 0),
+        (215, 215, 95),
+        (215, 215, 135),
+        (215, 215, 175),
+        (215, 215, 215),
+        (215, 215, 255),
+        (215, 255, 0),
+        (215, 255, 95),
+        (215, 255, 135),
+        (215, 255, 175),
+        (215, 255, 215),
+        (215, 255, 255),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (255, 0, 95),
+        (255, 0, 135),
+        (255, 0, 175),
+        (255, 0, 215),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (255, 95, 0),
+        (255, 95, 95),
+        (255, 95, 135),
+        (255, 95, 175),
+        (255, 95, 215),
+        (255, 95, 255),
+        (255, 135, 0),
+        (255, 135, 95),
+        (255, 135, 135),
+        (255, 135, 175),
+        (255, 135, 215),
+        (255, 135, 255),
+        (255, 175, 0),
+        (255, 175, 95),
+        (255, 175, 135),
+        (255, 175, 175),
+        (255, 175, 215),
+        (255, 175, 255),
+        (255, 215, 0),
+        (255, 215, 95),
+        (255, 215, 135),
+        (255, 215, 175),
+        (255, 215, 215),
+        (255, 215, 255),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 95),
+        (255, 255, 135),
+        (255, 255, 175),
+        (255, 255, 215),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+        (8, 8, 8),
+        (18, 18, 18),
+        (28, 28, 28),
+        (38, 38, 38),
+        (48, 48, 48),
+        (58, 58, 58),
+        (68, 68, 68),
+        (78, 78, 78),
+        (88, 88, 88),
+        (98, 98, 98),
+        (108, 108, 108),
+        (118, 118, 118),
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (138, 138, 138),
+        (148, 148, 148),
+        (158, 158, 158),
+        (168, 168, 168),
+        (178, 178, 178),
+        (188, 188, 188),
+        (198, 198, 198),
+        (208, 208, 208),
+        (218, 218, 218),
+        (228, 228, 228),
+        (238, 238, 238),
+    ]
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f6d8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+def pick_bool(*values: Optional[bool]) -> bool:
+    """Pick the first non-none bool or return the last value.
+
+    Args:
+        *values (bool): Any number of boolean or None values.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: First non-none boolean.
+    """
+    assert values, "1 or more values required"
+    for value in values:
+        if value is not None:
+            return value
+    return bool(value)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a3a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import sys
+from fractions import Fraction
+from math import ceil
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, Sequence
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Protocol  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class Edge(Protocol):
+    """Any object that defines an edge (such as Layout)."""
+
+    size: Optional[int] = None
+    ratio: int = 1
+    minimum_size: int = 1
+
+
+def ratio_resolve(total: int, edges: Sequence[Edge]) -> List[int]:
+    """Divide total space to satisfy size, ratio, and minimum_size, constraints.
+
+    The returned list of integers should add up to total in most cases, unless it is
+    impossible to satisfy all the constraints. For instance, if there are two edges
+    with a minimum size of 20 each and `total` is 30 then the returned list will be
+    greater than total. In practice, this would mean that a Layout object would
+    clip the rows that would overflow the screen height.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): Total number of characters.
+        edges (List[Edge]): Edges within total space.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: Number of characters for each edge.
+    """
+    # Size of edge or None for yet to be determined
+    sizes = [(edge.size or None) for edge in edges]
+
+    _Fraction = Fraction
+
+    # While any edges haven't been calculated
+    while None in sizes:
+        # Get flexible edges and index to map these back on to sizes list
+        flexible_edges = [
+            (index, edge)
+            for index, (size, edge) in enumerate(zip(sizes, edges))
+            if size is None
+        ]
+        # Remaining space in total
+        remaining = total - sum(size or 0 for size in sizes)
+        if remaining <= 0:
+            # No room for flexible edges
+            return [
+                ((edge.minimum_size or 1) if size is None else size)
+                for size, edge in zip(sizes, edges)
+            ]
+        # Calculate number of characters in a ratio portion
+        portion = _Fraction(
+            remaining, sum((edge.ratio or 1) for _, edge in flexible_edges)
+        )
+
+        # If any edges will be less than their minimum, replace size with the minimum
+        for index, edge in flexible_edges:
+            if portion * edge.ratio <= edge.minimum_size:
+                sizes[index] = edge.minimum_size
+                # New fixed size will invalidate calculations, so we need to repeat the process
+                break
+        else:
+            # Distribute flexible space and compensate for rounding error
+            # Since edge sizes can only be integers we need to add the remainder
+            # to the following line
+            remainder = _Fraction(0)
+            for index, edge in flexible_edges:
+                size, remainder = divmod(portion * edge.ratio + remainder, 1)
+                sizes[index] = size
+            break
+    # Sizes now contains integers only
+    return cast(List[int], sizes)
+
+
+def ratio_reduce(
+    total: int, ratios: List[int], maximums: List[int], values: List[int]
+) -> List[int]:
+    """Divide an integer total in to parts based on ratios.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): The total to divide.
+        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
+        maximums (List[int]): List of maximums values for each slot.
+        values (List[int]): List of values
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
+    """
+    ratios = [ratio if _max else 0 for ratio, _max in zip(ratios, maximums)]
+    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
+    if not total_ratio:
+        return values[:]
+    total_remaining = total
+    result: List[int] = []
+    append = result.append
+    for ratio, maximum, value in zip(ratios, maximums, values):
+        if ratio and total_ratio > 0:
+            distributed = min(maximum, round(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
+            append(value - distributed)
+            total_remaining -= distributed
+            total_ratio -= ratio
+        else:
+            append(value)
+    return result
+
+
+def ratio_distribute(
+    total: int, ratios: List[int], minimums: Optional[List[int]] = None
+) -> List[int]:
+    """Distribute an integer total in to parts based on ratios.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): The total to divide.
+        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
+        minimums (List[int]): List of minimum values for each slot.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
+    """
+    if minimums:
+        ratios = [ratio if _min else 0 for ratio, _min in zip(ratios, minimums)]
+    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
+    assert total_ratio > 0, "Sum of ratios must be > 0"
+
+    total_remaining = total
+    distributed_total: List[int] = []
+    append = distributed_total.append
+    if minimums is None:
+        _minimums = [0] * len(ratios)
+    else:
+        _minimums = minimums
+    for ratio, minimum in zip(ratios, _minimums):
+        if total_ratio > 0:
+            distributed = max(minimum, ceil(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
+        else:
+            distributed = total_remaining
+        append(distributed)
+        total_ratio -= ratio
+        total_remaining -= distributed
+    return distributed_total
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+    @dataclass
+    class E:
+
+        size: Optional[int] = None
+        ratio: int = 1
+        minimum_size: int = 1
+
+    resolved = ratio_resolve(110, [E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1)])
+    print(sum(resolved))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0bb1fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+"""
+Spinners are from:
+* cli-spinners:
+    MIT License
+    Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+    the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+    subject to the following conditions:
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+    in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+    INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+    PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+    ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+    IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+SPINNERS = {
+    "dots": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏",
+    },
+    "dots2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⣾⣽⣻⢿⡿⣟⣯⣷"},
+    "dots3": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠚⠞⠖⠦⠴⠲⠳⠓",
+    },
+    "dots4": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠄⠆⠇⠋⠙⠸⠰⠠⠰⠸⠙⠋⠇⠆",
+    },
+    "dots5": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋",
+    },
+    "dots6": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠁⠉⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠤⠄⠄⠤⠴⠲⠒⠂⠂⠒⠚⠙⠉⠁",
+    },
+    "dots7": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠈⠉⠋⠓⠒⠐⠐⠒⠖⠦⠤⠠⠠⠤⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋⠉⠈",
+    },
+    "dots8": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠁⠁⠉⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠤⠄⠄⠤⠠⠠⠤⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋⠉⠈⠈",
+    },
+    "dots9": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⢹⢺⢼⣸⣇⡧⡗⡏"},
+    "dots10": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⢄⢂⢁⡁⡈⡐⡠"},
+    "dots11": {"interval": 100, "frames": "⠁⠂⠄⡀⢀⠠⠐⠈"},
+    "dots12": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "⢀⠀",
+            "⡀⠀",
+            "⠄⠀",
+            "⢂⠀",
+            "⡂⠀",
+            "⠅⠀",
+            "⢃⠀",
+            "⡃⠀",
+            "⠍⠀",
+            "⢋⠀",
+            "⡋⠀",
+            "⠍⠁",
+            "⢋⠁",
+            "⡋⠁",
+            "⠍⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠩",
+            "⠈⢙",
+            "⠈⡙",
+            "⢈⠩",
+            "⡀⢙",
+            "⠄⡙",
+            "⢂⠩",
+            "⡂⢘",
+            "⠅⡘",
+            "⢃⠨",
+            "⡃⢐",
+            "⠍⡐",
+            "⢋⠠",
+            "⡋⢀",
+            "⠍⡁",
+            "⢋⠁",
+            "⡋⠁",
+            "⠍⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠩",
+            "⠈⢙",
+            "⠈⡙",
+            "⠈⠩",
+            "⠀⢙",
+            "⠀⡙",
+            "⠀⠩",
+            "⠀⢘",
+            "⠀⡘",
+            "⠀⠨",
+            "⠀⢐",
+            "⠀⡐",
+            "⠀⠠",
+            "⠀⢀",
+            "⠀⡀",
+        ],
+    },
+    "dots8Bit": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠀⠁⠂⠃⠄⠅⠆⠇⡀⡁⡂⡃⡄⡅⡆⡇⠈⠉⠊⠋⠌⠍⠎⠏⡈⡉⡊⡋⡌⡍⡎⡏⠐⠑⠒⠓⠔⠕⠖⠗⡐⡑⡒⡓⡔⡕⡖⡗⠘⠙⠚⠛⠜⠝⠞⠟⡘⡙"
+        "⡚⡛⡜⡝⡞⡟⠠⠡⠢⠣⠤⠥⠦⠧⡠⡡⡢⡣⡤⡥⡦⡧⠨⠩⠪⠫⠬⠭⠮⠯⡨⡩⡪⡫⡬⡭⡮⡯⠰⠱⠲⠳⠴⠵⠶⠷⡰⡱⡲⡳⡴⡵⡶⡷⠸⠹⠺⠻"
+        "⠼⠽⠾⠿⡸⡹⡺⡻⡼⡽⡾⡿⢀⢁⢂⢃⢄⢅⢆⢇⣀⣁⣂⣃⣄⣅⣆⣇⢈⢉⢊⢋⢌⢍⢎⢏⣈⣉⣊⣋⣌⣍⣎⣏⢐⢑⢒⢓⢔⢕⢖⢗⣐⣑⣒⣓⣔⣕"
+        "⣖⣗⢘⢙⢚⢛⢜⢝⢞⢟⣘⣙⣚⣛⣜⣝⣞⣟⢠⢡⢢⢣⢤⢥⢦⢧⣠⣡⣢⣣⣤⣥⣦⣧⢨⢩⢪⢫⢬⢭⢮⢯⣨⣩⣪⣫⣬⣭⣮⣯⢰⢱⢲⢳⢴⢵⢶⢷"
+        "⣰⣱⣲⣳⣴⣵⣶⣷⢸⢹⢺⢻⢼⢽⢾⢿⣸⣹⣺⣻⣼⣽⣾⣿",
+    },
+    "line": {"interval": 130, "frames": ["-", "\\", "|", "/"]},
+    "line2": {"interval": 100, "frames": "⠂-–—–-"},
+    "pipe": {"interval": 100, "frames": "┤┘┴└├┌┬┐"},
+    "simpleDots": {"interval": 400, "frames": [".  ", ".. ", "...", "   "]},
+    "simpleDotsScrolling": {
+        "interval": 200,
+        "frames": [".  ", ".. ", "...", " ..", "  .", "   "],
+    },
+    "star": {"interval": 70, "frames": "✶✸✹✺✹✷"},
+    "star2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "+x*"},
+    "flip": {
+        "interval": 70,
+        "frames": "___-``'´-___",
+    },
+    "hamburger": {"interval": 100, "frames": "☱☲☴"},
+    "growVertical": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": "▁▃▄▅▆▇▆▅▄▃",
+    },
+    "growHorizontal": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": "▏▎▍▌▋▊▉▊▋▌▍▎",
+    },
+    "balloon": {"interval": 140, "frames": " .oO@* "},
+    "balloon2": {"interval": 120, "frames": ".oO°Oo."},
+    "noise": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▓▒░"},
+    "bounce": {"interval": 120, "frames": "⠁⠂⠄⠂"},
+    "boxBounce": {"interval": 120, "frames": "▖▘▝▗"},
+    "boxBounce2": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▌▀▐▄"},
+    "triangle": {"interval": 50, "frames": "◢◣◤◥"},
+    "arc": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◜◠◝◞◡◟"},
+    "circle": {"interval": 120, "frames": "◡⊙◠"},
+    "squareCorners": {"interval": 180, "frames": "◰◳◲◱"},
+    "circleQuarters": {"interval": 120, "frames": "◴◷◶◵"},
+    "circleHalves": {"interval": 50, "frames": "◐◓◑◒"},
+    "squish": {"interval": 100, "frames": "╫╪"},
+    "toggle": {"interval": 250, "frames": "⊶⊷"},
+    "toggle2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "▫▪"},
+    "toggle3": {"interval": 120, "frames": "□■"},
+    "toggle4": {"interval": 100, "frames": "■□▪▫"},
+    "toggle5": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▮▯"},
+    "toggle6": {"interval": 300, "frames": "ဝ၀"},
+    "toggle7": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⦾⦿"},
+    "toggle8": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◍◌"},
+    "toggle9": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◉◎"},
+    "toggle10": {"interval": 100, "frames": "㊂㊀㊁"},
+    "toggle11": {"interval": 50, "frames": "⧇⧆"},
+    "toggle12": {"interval": 120, "frames": "☗☖"},
+    "toggle13": {"interval": 80, "frames": "=*-"},
+    "arrow": {"interval": 100, "frames": "←↖↑↗→↘↓↙"},
+    "arrow2": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": ["⬆️ ", "↗️ ", "➡️ ", "↘️ ", "⬇️ ", "↙️ ", "⬅️ ", "↖️ "],
+    },
+    "arrow3": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": ["▹▹▹▹▹", "▸▹▹▹▹", "▹▸▹▹▹", "▹▹▸▹▹", "▹▹▹▸▹", "▹▹▹▹▸"],
+    },
+    "bouncingBar": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "[    ]",
+            "[=   ]",
+            "[==  ]",
+            "[=== ]",
+            "[ ===]",
+            "[  ==]",
+            "[   =]",
+            "[    ]",
+            "[   =]",
+            "[  ==]",
+            "[ ===]",
+            "[====]",
+            "[=== ]",
+            "[==  ]",
+            "[=   ]",
+        ],
+    },
+    "bouncingBall": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "( ●    )",
+            "(  ●   )",
+            "(   ●  )",
+            "(    ● )",
+            "(     ●)",
+            "(    ● )",
+            "(   ●  )",
+            "(  ●   )",
+            "( ●    )",
+            "(●     )",
+        ],
+    },
+    "smiley": {"interval": 200, "frames": ["😄 ", "😝 "]},
+    "monkey": {"interval": 300, "frames": ["🙈 ", "🙈 ", "🙉 ", "🙊 "]},
+    "hearts": {"interval": 100, "frames": ["💛 ", "💙 ", "💜 ", "💚 ", "❤️ "]},
+    "clock": {
+        "interval": 100,
+        "frames": [
+            "🕛 ",
+            "🕐 ",
+            "🕑 ",
+            "🕒 ",
+            "🕓 ",
+            "🕔 ",
+            "🕕 ",
+            "🕖 ",
+            "🕗 ",
+            "🕘 ",
+            "🕙 ",
+            "🕚 ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "earth": {"interval": 180, "frames": ["🌍 ", "🌎 ", "🌏 "]},
+    "material": {
+        "interval": 17,
+        "frames": [
+            "█▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁██████████████▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁██████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁█████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁██████████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁██████████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "█▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "███▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "█████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "█████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁█████████████▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+        ],
+    },
+    "moon": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": ["🌑 ", "🌒 ", "🌓 ", "🌔 ", "🌕 ", "🌖 ", "🌗 ", "🌘 "],
+    },
+    "runner": {"interval": 140, "frames": ["🚶 ", "🏃 "]},
+    "pong": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "▐⠂       ▌",
+            "▐⠈       ▌",
+            "▐ ⠂      ▌",
+            "▐ ⠠      ▌",
+            "▐  ⡀     ▌",
+            "▐  ⠠     ▌",
+            "▐   ⠂    ▌",
+            "▐   ⠈    ▌",
+            "▐    ⠂   ▌",
+            "▐    ⠠   ▌",
+            "▐     ⡀  ▌",
+            "▐     ⠠  ▌",
+            "▐      ⠂ ▌",
+            "▐      ⠈ ▌",
+            "▐       ⠂▌",
+            "▐       ⠠▌",
+            "▐       ⡀▌",
+            "▐      ⠠ ▌",
+            "▐      ⠂ ▌",
+            "▐     ⠈  ▌",
+            "▐     ⠂  ▌",
+            "▐    ⠠   ▌",
+            "▐    ⡀   ▌",
+            "▐   ⠠    ▌",
+            "▐   ⠂    ▌",
+            "▐  ⠈     ▌",
+            "▐  ⠂     ▌",
+            "▐ ⠠      ▌",
+            "▐ ⡀      ▌",
+            "▐⠠       ▌",
+        ],
+    },
+    "shark": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": [
+            "▐|\\____________▌",
+            "▐_|\\___________▌",
+            "▐__|\\__________▌",
+            "▐___|\\_________▌",
+            "▐____|\\________▌",
+            "▐_____|\\_______▌",
+            "▐______|\\______▌",
+            "▐_______|\\_____▌",
+            "▐________|\\____▌",
+            "▐_________|\\___▌",
+            "▐__________|\\__▌",
+            "▐___________|\\_▌",
+            "▐____________|\\▌",
+            "▐____________/|▌",
+            "▐___________/|_▌",
+            "▐__________/|__▌",
+            "▐_________/|___▌",
+            "▐________/|____▌",
+            "▐_______/|_____▌",
+            "▐______/|______▌",
+            "▐_____/|_______▌",
+            "▐____/|________▌",
+            "▐___/|_________▌",
+            "▐__/|__________▌",
+            "▐_/|___________▌",
+            "▐/|____________▌",
+        ],
+    },
+    "dqpb": {"interval": 100, "frames": "dqpb"},
+    "weather": {
+        "interval": 100,
+        "frames": [
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "🌤 ",
+            "⛅️ ",
+            "🌥 ",
+            "☁️ ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "⛈ ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "☁️ ",
+            "🌥 ",
+            "⛅️ ",
+            "🌤 ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "christmas": {"interval": 400, "frames": "🌲🎄"},
+    "grenade": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "،   ",
+            "′   ",
+            " ´ ",
+            " ‾ ",
+            "  ⸌",
+            "  ⸊",
+            "  |",
+            "  ⁎",
+            "  ⁕",
+            " ෴ ",
+            "  ⁓",
+            "   ",
+            "   ",
+            "   ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "point": {"interval": 125, "frames": ["∙∙∙", "●∙∙", "∙●∙", "∙∙●", "∙∙∙"]},
+    "layer": {"interval": 150, "frames": "-=≡"},
+    "betaWave": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "ρββββββ",
+            "βρβββββ",
+            "ββρββββ",
+            "βββρβββ",
+            "ββββρββ",
+            "βββββρβ",
+            "ββββββρ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "aesthetic": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "▰▱▱▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▱▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▰▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▰▰",
+            "▰▱▱▱▱▱▱",
+        ],
+    },
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..194564e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from typing import List, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Stack(List[T]):
+    """A small shim over builtin list."""
+
+    @property
+    def top(self) -> T:
+        """Get top of stack."""
+        return self[-1]
+
+    def push(self, item: T) -> None:
+        """Push an item on to the stack (append in stack nomenclature)."""
+        self.append(item)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ca6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+Timer context manager, only used in debug.
+
+"""
+
+from time import time
+
+import contextlib
+from typing import Generator
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def timer(subject: str = "time") -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """print the elapsed time. (only used in debugging)"""
+    start = time()
+    yield
+    elapsed = time() - start
+    elapsed_ms = elapsed * 1000
+    print(f"{subject} elapsed {elapsed_ms:.1f}ms")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81b1082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+"""Light wrapper around the Win32 Console API - this module should only be imported on Windows
+
+The API that this module wraps is documented at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-functions
+"""
+import ctypes
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+windll: Any = None
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    windll = ctypes.LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+else:
+    raise ImportError(f"{__name__} can only be imported on Windows")
+
+import time
+from ctypes import Structure, byref, wintypes
+from typing import IO, NamedTuple, Type, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.color import ColorSystem
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+STDOUT = -11
+ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 4
+
+COORD = wintypes._COORD
+
+
+class LegacyWindowsError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class WindowsCoordinates(NamedTuple):
+    """Coordinates in the Windows Console API are (y, x), not (x, y).
+    This class is intended to prevent that confusion.
+    Rows and columns are indexed from 0.
+    This class can be used in place of wintypes._COORD in arguments and argtypes.
+    """
+
+    row: int
+    col: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_param(cls, value: "WindowsCoordinates") -> COORD:
+        """Converts a WindowsCoordinates into a wintypes _COORD structure.
+        This classmethod is internally called by ctypes to perform the conversion.
+
+        Args:
+            value (WindowsCoordinates): The input coordinates to convert.
+
+        Returns:
+            wintypes._COORD: The converted coordinates struct.
+        """
+        return COORD(value.col, value.row)
+
+
+class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("dwSize", COORD),
+        ("dwCursorPosition", COORD),
+        ("wAttributes", wintypes.WORD),
+        ("srWindow", wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+        ("dwMaximumWindowSize", COORD),
+    ]
+
+
+class CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [("dwSize", wintypes.DWORD), ("bVisible", wintypes.BOOL)]
+
+
+_GetStdHandle = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle
+_GetStdHandle.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+]
+_GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+
+
+def GetStdHandle(handle: int = STDOUT) -> wintypes.HANDLE:
+    """Retrieves a handle to the specified standard device (standard input, standard output, or standard error).
+
+    Args:
+        handle (int): Integer identifier for the handle. Defaults to -11 (stdout).
+
+    Returns:
+        wintypes.HANDLE: The handle
+    """
+    return cast(wintypes.HANDLE, _GetStdHandle(handle))
+
+
+_GetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+_GetConsoleMode.argtypes = [wintypes.HANDLE, wintypes.LPDWORD]
+_GetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleMode(std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE) -> int:
+    """Retrieves the current input mode of a console's input buffer
+    or the current output mode of a console screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+
+    Raises:
+        LegacyWindowsError: If any error occurs while calling the Windows console API.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Value representing the current console mode as documented at
+            https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/getconsolemode#parameters
+    """
+
+    console_mode = wintypes.DWORD()
+    success = bool(_GetConsoleMode(std_handle, console_mode))
+    if not success:
+        raise LegacyWindowsError("Unable to get legacy Windows Console Mode")
+    return console_mode.value
+
+
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterW
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.c_char,
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+]
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+    char: str,
+    length: int,
+    start: WindowsCoordinates,
+) -> int:
+    """Writes a character to the console screen buffer a specified number of times, beginning at the specified coordinates.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        char (str): The character to write. Must be a string of length 1.
+        length (int): The number of times to write the character.
+        start (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates to start writing at.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The number of characters written.
+    """
+    character = ctypes.c_char(char.encode())
+    num_characters = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+    num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterW(
+        std_handle,
+        character,
+        num_characters,
+        start,
+        byref(num_written),
+    )
+    return num_written.value
+
+
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    wintypes.WORD,
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+]
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+    attributes: int,
+    length: int,
+    start: WindowsCoordinates,
+) -> int:
+    """Sets the character attributes for a specified number of character cells,
+    beginning at the specified coordinates in a screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        attributes (int): Integer value representing the foreground and background colours of the cells.
+        length (int): The number of cells to set the output attribute of.
+        start (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates of the first cell whose attributes are to be set.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The number of cells whose attributes were actually set.
+    """
+    num_cells = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+    style_attrs = wintypes.WORD(attributes)
+    num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+        std_handle, style_attrs, num_cells, start, byref(num_written)
+    )
+    return num_written.value
+
+
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    wintypes.WORD,
+]
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleTextAttribute(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, attributes: wintypes.WORD
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the colour attributes for all text written after this function is called.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        attributes (int): Integer value representing the foreground and background colours.
+
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the attribute was set successfully, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleTextAttribute(std_handle, attributes))
+
+
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO),
+]
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+) -> CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO:
+    """Retrieves information about the specified console screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+
+    Returns:
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO: A CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO ctype struct contain information about
+            screen size, cursor position, colour attributes, and more."""
+    console_screen_buffer_info = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(std_handle, byref(console_screen_buffer_info))
+    return console_screen_buffer_info
+
+
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+]
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, coords: WindowsCoordinates
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the position of the cursor in the console screen
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        coords (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates to move the cursor to.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleCursorPosition(std_handle, coords))
+
+
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleCursorInfo
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO),
+]
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleCursorInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, cursor_info: CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO
+) -> bool:
+    """Get the cursor info - used to get cursor visibility and width
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        cursor_info (CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO): CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ctype struct that receives information
+            about the console's cursor.
+
+    Returns:
+          bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_GetConsoleCursorInfo(std_handle, byref(cursor_info)))
+
+
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorInfo
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO),
+]
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleCursorInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, cursor_info: CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the cursor info - used for adjusting cursor visibility and width
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        cursor_info (CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO): CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ctype struct containing the new cursor info.
+
+    Returns:
+          bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleCursorInfo(std_handle, byref(cursor_info)))
+
+
+_SetConsoleTitle = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW
+_SetConsoleTitle.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR]
+_SetConsoleTitle.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleTitle(title: str) -> bool:
+    """Sets the title of the current console window
+
+    Args:
+        title (str): The new title of the console window.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleTitle(title))
+
+
+class LegacyWindowsTerm:
+    """This class allows interaction with the legacy Windows Console API. It should only be used in the context
+    of environments where virtual terminal processing is not available. However, if it is used in a Windows environment,
+    the entire API should work.
+
+    Args:
+        file (IO[str]): The file which the Windows Console API HANDLE is retrieved from, defaults to sys.stdout.
+    """
+
+    BRIGHT_BIT = 8
+
+    # Indices are ANSI color numbers, values are the corresponding Windows Console API color numbers
+    ANSI_TO_WINDOWS = [
+        0,  # black                      The Windows colours are defined in wincon.h as follows:
+        4,  # red                         define FOREGROUND_BLUE            0x0001 -- 0000 0001
+        2,  # green                       define FOREGROUND_GREEN           0x0002 -- 0000 0010
+        6,  # yellow                      define FOREGROUND_RED             0x0004 -- 0000 0100
+        1,  # blue                        define FOREGROUND_INTENSITY       0x0008 -- 0000 1000
+        5,  # magenta                     define BACKGROUND_BLUE            0x0010 -- 0001 0000
+        3,  # cyan                        define BACKGROUND_GREEN           0x0020 -- 0010 0000
+        7,  # white                       define BACKGROUND_RED             0x0040 -- 0100 0000
+        8,  # bright black (grey)         define BACKGROUND_INTENSITY       0x0080 -- 1000 0000
+        12,  # bright red
+        10,  # bright green
+        14,  # bright yellow
+        9,  # bright blue
+        13,  # bright magenta
+        11,  # bright cyan
+        15,  # bright white
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, file: "IO[str]") -> None:
+        handle = GetStdHandle(STDOUT)
+        self._handle = handle
+        default_text = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle).wAttributes
+        self._default_text = default_text
+
+        self._default_fore = default_text & 7
+        self._default_back = (default_text >> 4) & 7
+        self._default_attrs = self._default_fore | (self._default_back << 4)
+
+        self._file = file
+        self.write = file.write
+        self.flush = file.flush
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_position(self) -> WindowsCoordinates:
+        """Returns the current position of the cursor (0-based)
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsCoordinates: The current cursor position.
+        """
+        coord: COORD = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(self._handle).dwCursorPosition
+        return WindowsCoordinates(row=cast(int, coord.Y), col=cast(int, coord.X))
+
+    @property
+    def screen_size(self) -> WindowsCoordinates:
+        """Returns the current size of the console screen buffer, in character columns and rows
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsCoordinates: The width and height of the screen as WindowsCoordinates.
+        """
+        screen_size: COORD = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(self._handle).dwSize
+        return WindowsCoordinates(
+            row=cast(int, screen_size.Y), col=cast(int, screen_size.X)
+        )
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Write text directly to the terminal without any modification of styles
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to write to the console
+        """
+        self.write(text)
+        self.flush()
+
+    def write_styled(self, text: str, style: Style) -> None:
+        """Write styled text to the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to write
+            style (Style): The style of the text
+        """
+        color = style.color
+        bgcolor = style.bgcolor
+        if style.reverse:
+            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+
+        if color:
+            fore = color.downgrade(ColorSystem.WINDOWS).number
+            fore = fore if fore is not None else 7  # Default to ANSI 7: White
+            if style.bold:
+                fore = fore | self.BRIGHT_BIT
+            if style.dim:
+                fore = fore & ~self.BRIGHT_BIT
+            fore = self.ANSI_TO_WINDOWS[fore]
+        else:
+            fore = self._default_fore
+
+        if bgcolor:
+            back = bgcolor.downgrade(ColorSystem.WINDOWS).number
+            back = back if back is not None else 0  # Default to ANSI 0: Black
+            back = self.ANSI_TO_WINDOWS[back]
+        else:
+            back = self._default_back
+
+        assert fore is not None
+        assert back is not None
+
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(
+            self._handle, attributes=ctypes.c_ushort(fore | (back << 4))
+        )
+        self.write_text(text)
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(self._handle, attributes=self._default_text)
+
+    def move_cursor_to(self, new_position: WindowsCoordinates) -> None:
+        """Set the position of the cursor
+
+        Args:
+            new_position (WindowsCoordinates): The WindowsCoordinates representing the new position of the cursor.
+        """
+        if new_position.col < 0 or new_position.row < 0:
+            return
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(self._handle, coords=new_position)
+
+    def erase_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content on the line the cursor is currently located at"""
+        screen_size = self.screen_size
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        cells_to_erase = screen_size.col
+        start_coordinates = WindowsCoordinates(row=cursor_position.row, col=0)
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+            self._handle, " ", length=cells_to_erase, start=start_coordinates
+        )
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle,
+            self._default_attrs,
+            length=cells_to_erase,
+            start=start_coordinates,
+        )
+
+    def erase_end_of_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content from the cursor position to the end of that line"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        cells_to_erase = self.screen_size.col - cursor_position.col
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+            self._handle, " ", length=cells_to_erase, start=cursor_position
+        )
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle,
+            self._default_attrs,
+            length=cells_to_erase,
+            start=cursor_position,
+        )
+
+    def erase_start_of_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content from the cursor position to the start of that line"""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        start = WindowsCoordinates(row, 0)
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(self._handle, " ", length=col, start=start)
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle, self._default_attrs, length=col, start=start
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_up(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor up a single cell"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle,
+            coords=WindowsCoordinates(
+                row=cursor_position.row - 1, col=cursor_position.col
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_down(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor down a single cell"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle,
+            coords=WindowsCoordinates(
+                row=cursor_position.row + 1,
+                col=cursor_position.col,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_forward(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor forward a single cell. Wrap to the next line if required."""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        if col == self.screen_size.col - 1:
+            row += 1
+            col = 0
+        else:
+            col += 1
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row=row, col=col)
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_to_column(self, column: int) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the column specified by the zero-based column index, staying on the same row
+
+        Args:
+            column (int): The zero-based column index to move the cursor to.
+        """
+        row, _ = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row, column))
+
+    def move_cursor_backward(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor backward a single cell. Wrap to the previous line if required."""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        if col == 0:
+            row -= 1
+            col = self.screen_size.col - 1
+        else:
+            col -= 1
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row=row, col=col)
+        )
+
+    def hide_cursor(self) -> None:
+        """Hide the cursor"""
+        current_cursor_size = self._get_cursor_size()
+        invisible_cursor = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(dwSize=current_cursor_size, bVisible=0)
+        SetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=invisible_cursor)
+
+    def show_cursor(self) -> None:
+        """Show the cursor"""
+        current_cursor_size = self._get_cursor_size()
+        visible_cursor = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(dwSize=current_cursor_size, bVisible=1)
+        SetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=visible_cursor)
+
+    def set_title(self, title: str) -> None:
+        """Set the title of the terminal window
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new title of the console window
+        """
+        assert len(title) < 255, "Console title must be less than 255 characters"
+        SetConsoleTitle(title)
+
+    def _get_cursor_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the percentage of the character cell that is filled by the cursor"""
+        cursor_info = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO()
+        GetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=cursor_info)
+        return int(cursor_info.dwSize)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    handle = GetStdHandle()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    term = LegacyWindowsTerm(sys.stdout)
+    term.set_title("Win32 Console Examples")
+
+    style = Style(color="black", bgcolor="red")
+
+    heading = Style.parse("black on green")
+
+    # Check colour output
+    console.rule("Checking colour output")
+    console.print("[on red]on red!")
+    console.print("[blue]blue!")
+    console.print("[yellow]yellow!")
+    console.print("[bold yellow]bold yellow!")
+    console.print("[bright_yellow]bright_yellow!")
+    console.print("[dim bright_yellow]dim bright_yellow!")
+    console.print("[italic cyan]italic cyan!")
+    console.print("[bold white on blue]bold white on blue!")
+    console.print("[reverse bold white on blue]reverse bold white on blue!")
+    console.print("[bold black on cyan]bold black on cyan!")
+    console.print("[black on green]black on green!")
+    console.print("[blue on green]blue on green!")
+    console.print("[white on black]white on black!")
+    console.print("[black on white]black on white!")
+    console.print("[#1BB152 on #DA812D]#1BB152 on #DA812D!")
+
+    # Check cursor movement
+    console.rule("Checking cursor movement")
+    console.print()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("went back and wrapped to prev line")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_up()
+    term.write_text("we go up")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_down()
+    term.write_text("and down")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_up()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("we went up and back 2")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_down()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("we went down and back 2")
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    # Check erasing of lines
+    term.hide_cursor()
+    console.print()
+    console.rule("Checking line erasing")
+    console.print("\n...Deleting to the start of the line...")
+    term.write_text("The red arrow shows the cursor location, and direction of erase")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_to_column(16)
+    term.write_styled("<", Style.parse("black on red"))
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_start_of_line()
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    console.print("\n\n...And to the end of the line...")
+    term.write_text("The red arrow shows the cursor location, and direction of erase")
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    term.move_cursor_to_column(16)
+    term.write_styled(">", Style.parse("black on red"))
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_end_of_line()
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    console.print("\n\n...Now the whole line will be erased...")
+    term.write_styled("I'm going to disappear!", style=Style.parse("black on cyan"))
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_line()
+
+    term.show_cursor()
+    print("\n")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10fc0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+    """Windows features available."""
+
+    vt: bool = False
+    """The console supports VT codes."""
+    truecolor: bool = False
+    """The console supports truecolor."""
+
+
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import LibraryLoader
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        windll = LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+    else:
+        windll = None
+        raise ImportError("Not windows")
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import (
+        ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+        GetConsoleMode,
+        GetStdHandle,
+        LegacyWindowsError,
+    )
+
+except (AttributeError, ImportError, ValueError):
+
+    # Fallback if we can't load the Windows DLL
+    def get_windows_console_features() -> WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+        features = WindowsConsoleFeatures()
+        return features
+
+else:
+
+    def get_windows_console_features() -> WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+        """Get windows console features.
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsConsoleFeatures: An instance of WindowsConsoleFeatures.
+        """
+        handle = GetStdHandle()
+        try:
+            console_mode = GetConsoleMode(handle)
+            success = True
+        except LegacyWindowsError:
+            console_mode = 0
+            success = False
+        vt = bool(success and console_mode & ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+        truecolor = False
+        if vt:
+            win_version = sys.getwindowsversion()
+            truecolor = win_version.major > 10 or (
+                win_version.major == 10 and win_version.build >= 15063
+            )
+        features = WindowsConsoleFeatures(vt=vt, truecolor=truecolor)
+        return features
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import platform
+
+    features = get_windows_console_features()
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(f'platform="{platform.system()}"')
+    print(repr(features))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ece056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import LegacyWindowsTerm, WindowsCoordinates
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import ControlCode, ControlType, Segment
+
+
+def legacy_windows_render(buffer: Iterable[Segment], term: LegacyWindowsTerm) -> None:
+    """Makes appropriate Windows Console API calls based on the segments in the buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        buffer (Iterable[Segment]): Iterable of Segments to convert to Win32 API calls.
+        term (LegacyWindowsTerm): Used to call the Windows Console API.
+    """
+    for text, style, control in buffer:
+        if not control:
+            if style:
+                term.write_styled(text, style)
+            else:
+                term.write_text(text)
+        else:
+            control_codes: Sequence[ControlCode] = control
+            for control_code in control_codes:
+                control_type = control_code[0]
+                if control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO:
+                    _, x, y = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int, int], control_code)
+                    term.move_cursor_to(WindowsCoordinates(row=y - 1, col=x - 1))
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN:
+                    term.write_text("\r")
+                elif control_type == ControlType.HOME:
+                    term.move_cursor_to(WindowsCoordinates(0, 0))
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_UP:
+                    term.move_cursor_up()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN:
+                    term.move_cursor_down()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_FORWARD:
+                    term.move_cursor_forward()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_BACKWARD:
+                    term.move_cursor_backward()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN:
+                    _, column = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int], control_code)
+                    term.move_cursor_to_column(column - 1)
+                elif control_type == ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR:
+                    term.hide_cursor()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR:
+                    term.show_cursor()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE:
+                    _, mode = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int], control_code)
+                    if mode == 0:
+                        term.erase_end_of_line()
+                    elif mode == 1:
+                        term.erase_start_of_line()
+                    elif mode == 2:
+                        term.erase_line()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE:
+                    _, title = cast(Tuple[ControlType, str], control_code)
+                    term.set_title(title)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c45f193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import re
+from typing import Iterable, List, Tuple
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .cells import cell_len, chop_cells
+
+re_word = re.compile(r"\s*\S+\s*")
+
+
+def words(text: str) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, int, str]]:
+    position = 0
+    word_match = re_word.match(text, position)
+    while word_match is not None:
+        start, end = word_match.span()
+        word = word_match.group(0)
+        yield start, end, word
+        word_match = re_word.match(text, end)
+
+
+def divide_line(text: str, width: int, fold: bool = True) -> List[int]:
+    divides: List[int] = []
+    append = divides.append
+    line_position = 0
+    _cell_len = cell_len
+    for start, _end, word in words(text):
+        word_length = _cell_len(word.rstrip())
+        if line_position + word_length > width:
+            if word_length > width:
+                if fold:
+                    chopped_words = chop_cells(word, max_size=width, position=0)
+                    for last, line in loop_last(chopped_words):
+                        if start:
+                            append(start)
+
+                        if last:
+                            line_position = _cell_len(line)
+                        else:
+                            start += len(line)
+                else:
+                    if start:
+                        append(start)
+                    line_position = _cell_len(word)
+            elif line_position and start:
+                append(start)
+                line_position = _cell_len(word)
+        else:
+            line_position += _cell_len(word)
+    return divides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console(width=10)
+    console.print("12345 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 12345")
+    print(chop_cells("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", 10, position=2))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e498e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from abc import ABC
+
+
+class RichRenderable(ABC):
+    """An abstract base class for Rich renderables.
+
+    Note that there is no need to extend this class, the intended use is to check if an
+    object supports the Rich renderable protocol. For example::
+
+        if isinstance(my_object, RichRenderable):
+            console.print(my_object)
+
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, other: type) -> bool:
+        """Check if this class supports the rich render protocol."""
+        return hasattr(other, "__rich_console__") or hasattr(other, "__rich__")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    t = Text()
+    print(isinstance(Text, RichRenderable))
+    print(isinstance(t, RichRenderable))
+
+    class Foo:
+        pass
+
+    f = Foo()
+    print(isinstance(f, RichRenderable))
+    print(isinstance("", RichRenderable))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c310b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+import sys
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+AlignMethod = Literal["left", "center", "right"]
+VerticalAlignMethod = Literal["top", "middle", "bottom"]
+
+
+class Align(JupyterMixin):
+    """Align a renderable by adding spaces if necessary.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A console renderable.
+        align (AlignMethod): One of "left", "center", or "right""
+        style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the background.
+        vertical (Optional[VerticalAlginMethod], optional): Optional vertical align, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom". Defaults to None.
+        pad (bool, optional): Pad the right with spaces. Defaults to True.
+        width (int, optional): Restrict contents to given width, or None to use default width. Defaults to None.
+        height (int, optional): Set height of align renderable, or None to fit to contents. Defaults to None.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: if ``align`` is not one of the expected values.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        align: AlignMethod = "left",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if align not in ("left", "center", "right"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for align, expected "left", "center", or "right" (not {align!r})'
+            )
+        if vertical is not None and vertical not in ("top", "middle", "bottom"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for vertical, expected "top", "middle", or "bottom" (not {vertical!r})'
+            )
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.align = align
+        self.style = style
+        self.vertical = vertical
+        self.pad = pad
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Align({self.renderable!r}, {self.align!r})"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def left(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the left."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "left",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def center(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the center."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "center",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def right(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the right."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "right",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        align = self.align
+        width = console.measure(self.renderable, options=options).maximum
+        rendered = console.render(
+            Constrain(
+                self.renderable, width if self.width is None else min(width, self.width)
+            ),
+            options.update(height=None),
+        )
+        lines = list(Segment.split_lines(rendered))
+        width, height = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        lines = Segment.set_shape(lines, width, height)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        excess_space = options.max_width - width
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style is not None else None
+
+        def generate_segments() -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            if excess_space <= 0:
+                # Exact fit
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "left":
+                # Pad on the right
+                pad = Segment(" " * excess_space, style) if self.pad else None
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield from line
+                    if pad:
+                        yield pad
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "center":
+                # Pad left and right
+                left = excess_space // 2
+                pad = Segment(" " * left, style)
+                pad_right = (
+                    Segment(" " * (excess_space - left), style) if self.pad else None
+                )
+                for line in lines:
+                    if left:
+                        yield pad
+                    yield from line
+                    if pad_right:
+                        yield pad_right
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "right":
+                # Padding on left
+                pad = Segment(" " * excess_space, style)
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield pad
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+
+        blank_line = (
+            Segment(f"{' ' * (self.width or options.max_width)}\n", style)
+            if self.pad
+            else Segment("\n")
+        )
+
+        def blank_lines(count: int) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            if count > 0:
+                for _ in range(count):
+                    yield blank_line
+
+        vertical_height = self.height or options.height
+        iter_segments: Iterable[Segment]
+        if self.vertical and vertical_height is not None:
+            if self.vertical == "top":
+                bottom_space = vertical_height - height
+                iter_segments = chain(generate_segments(), blank_lines(bottom_space))
+            elif self.vertical == "middle":
+                top_space = (vertical_height - height) // 2
+                bottom_space = vertical_height - top_space - height
+                iter_segments = chain(
+                    blank_lines(top_space),
+                    generate_segments(),
+                    blank_lines(bottom_space),
+                )
+            else:  #  self.vertical == "bottom":
+                top_space = vertical_height - height
+                iter_segments = chain(blank_lines(top_space), generate_segments())
+        else:
+            iter_segments = generate_segments()
+        if self.style:
+            style = console.get_style(self.style)
+            iter_segments = Segment.apply_style(iter_segments, style)
+        yield from iter_segments
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+
+class VerticalCenter(JupyterMixin):
+    """Vertically aligns a renderable.
+
+    Warn:
+        This class is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. Use Align class with
+        `vertical="middle"`.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A renderable object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"VerticalCenter({self.renderable!r})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style is not None else None
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable, options.update(height=None), pad=False
+        )
+        width, _height = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        height = options.height or options.size.height
+        top_space = (height - len(lines)) // 2
+        bottom_space = height - top_space - len(lines)
+        blank_line = Segment(f"{' ' * width}", style)
+
+        def blank_lines(count: int) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            for _ in range(count):
+                yield blank_line
+                yield new_line
+
+        if top_space > 0:
+            yield from blank_lines(top_space)
+        for line in lines:
+            yield from line
+            yield new_line
+        if bottom_space > 0:
+            yield from blank_lines(bottom_space)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, Group
+    from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+    console = Console()
+
+    panel = Panel(
+        Group(
+            Align.left(highlighter("align='left'")),
+            Align.center(highlighter("align='center'")),
+            Align.right(highlighter("align='right'")),
+        ),
+        width=60,
+        style="on dark_blue",
+        title="Align",
+    )
+
+    console.print(
+        Align.center(panel, vertical="middle", style="on red", height=console.height)
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66365e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import Iterable, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from .color import Color
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Text
+
+re_ansi = re.compile(
+    r"""
+(?:\x1b\](.*?)\x1b\\)|
+(?:\x1b([(@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]))
+""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+class _AnsiToken(NamedTuple):
+    """Result of ansi tokenized string."""
+
+    plain: str = ""
+    sgr: Optional[str] = ""
+    osc: Optional[str] = ""
+
+
+def _ansi_tokenize(ansi_text: str) -> Iterable[_AnsiToken]:
+    """Tokenize a string in to plain text and ANSI codes.
+
+    Args:
+        ansi_text (str): A String containing ANSI codes.
+
+    Yields:
+        AnsiToken: A named tuple of (plain, sgr, osc)
+    """
+
+    position = 0
+    sgr: Optional[str]
+    osc: Optional[str]
+    for match in re_ansi.finditer(ansi_text):
+        start, end = match.span(0)
+        osc, sgr = match.groups()
+        if start > position:
+            yield _AnsiToken(ansi_text[position:start])
+        if sgr:
+            if sgr == "(":
+                position = end + 1
+                continue
+            if sgr.endswith("m"):
+                yield _AnsiToken("", sgr[1:-1], osc)
+        else:
+            yield _AnsiToken("", sgr, osc)
+        position = end
+    if position < len(ansi_text):
+        yield _AnsiToken(ansi_text[position:])
+
+
+SGR_STYLE_MAP = {
+    1: "bold",
+    2: "dim",
+    3: "italic",
+    4: "underline",
+    5: "blink",
+    6: "blink2",
+    7: "reverse",
+    8: "conceal",
+    9: "strike",
+    21: "underline2",
+    22: "not dim not bold",
+    23: "not italic",
+    24: "not underline",
+    25: "not blink",
+    26: "not blink2",
+    27: "not reverse",
+    28: "not conceal",
+    29: "not strike",
+    30: "color(0)",
+    31: "color(1)",
+    32: "color(2)",
+    33: "color(3)",
+    34: "color(4)",
+    35: "color(5)",
+    36: "color(6)",
+    37: "color(7)",
+    39: "default",
+    40: "on color(0)",
+    41: "on color(1)",
+    42: "on color(2)",
+    43: "on color(3)",
+    44: "on color(4)",
+    45: "on color(5)",
+    46: "on color(6)",
+    47: "on color(7)",
+    49: "on default",
+    51: "frame",
+    52: "encircle",
+    53: "overline",
+    54: "not frame not encircle",
+    55: "not overline",
+    90: "color(8)",
+    91: "color(9)",
+    92: "color(10)",
+    93: "color(11)",
+    94: "color(12)",
+    95: "color(13)",
+    96: "color(14)",
+    97: "color(15)",
+    100: "on color(8)",
+    101: "on color(9)",
+    102: "on color(10)",
+    103: "on color(11)",
+    104: "on color(12)",
+    105: "on color(13)",
+    106: "on color(14)",
+    107: "on color(15)",
+}
+
+
+class AnsiDecoder:
+    """Translate ANSI code in to styled Text."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.style = Style.null()
+
+    def decode(self, terminal_text: str) -> Iterable[Text]:
+        """Decode ANSI codes in an iterable of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[str]): An iterable of lines of terminal output.
+
+        Yields:
+            Text: Marked up Text.
+        """
+        for line in terminal_text.splitlines():
+            yield self.decode_line(line)
+
+    def decode_line(self, line: str) -> Text:
+        """Decode a line containing ansi codes.
+
+        Args:
+            line (str): A line of terminal output.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A Text instance marked up according to ansi codes.
+        """
+        from_ansi = Color.from_ansi
+        from_rgb = Color.from_rgb
+        _Style = Style
+        text = Text()
+        append = text.append
+        line = line.rsplit("\r", 1)[-1]
+        for plain_text, sgr, osc in _ansi_tokenize(line):
+            if plain_text:
+                append(plain_text, self.style or None)
+            elif osc is not None:
+                if osc.startswith("8;"):
+                    _params, semicolon, link = osc[2:].partition(";")
+                    if semicolon:
+                        self.style = self.style.update_link(link or None)
+            elif sgr is not None:
+                # Translate in to semi-colon separated codes
+                # Ignore invalid codes, because we want to be lenient
+                codes = [
+                    min(255, int(_code) if _code else 0)
+                    for _code in sgr.split(";")
+                    if _code.isdigit() or _code == ""
+                ]
+                iter_codes = iter(codes)
+                for code in iter_codes:
+                    if code == 0:
+                        # reset
+                        self.style = _Style.null()
+                    elif code in SGR_STYLE_MAP:
+                        # styles
+                        self.style += _Style.parse(SGR_STYLE_MAP[code])
+                    elif code == 38:
+                        #  Foreground
+                        with suppress(StopIteration):
+                            color_type = next(iter_codes)
+                            if color_type == 5:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    from_ansi(next(iter_codes))
+                                )
+                            elif color_type == 2:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    from_rgb(
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                    )
+                                )
+                    elif code == 48:
+                        # Background
+                        with suppress(StopIteration):
+                            color_type = next(iter_codes)
+                            if color_type == 5:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    None, from_ansi(next(iter_codes))
+                                )
+                            elif color_type == 2:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    None,
+                                    from_rgb(
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                    ),
+                                )
+
+        return text
+
+
+if sys.platform != "win32" and __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import io
+    import os
+    import pty
+    import sys
+
+    decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+
+    stdout = io.BytesIO()
+
+    def read(fd: int) -> bytes:
+        data = os.read(fd, 1024)
+        stdout.write(data)
+        return data
+
+    pty.spawn(sys.argv[1:], read)
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    stdout_result = stdout.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+    print(stdout_result)
+
+    for line in decoder.decode(stdout_result):
+        console.print(line)
+
+    console.save_html("stdout.html")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed86a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .color import Color
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style
+
+# There are left-aligned characters for 1/8 to 7/8, but
+# the right-aligned characters exist only for 1/8 and 4/8.
+BEGIN_BLOCK_ELEMENTS = ["█", "█", "█", "▐", "▐", "▐", "▕", "▕"]
+END_BLOCK_ELEMENTS = [" ", "▏", "▎", "▍", "▌", "▋", "▊", "▉"]
+FULL_BLOCK = "█"
+
+
+class Bar(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders a solid block bar.
+
+    Args:
+        size (float): Value for the end of the bar.
+        begin (float): Begin point (between 0 and size, inclusive).
+        end (float): End point (between 0 and size, inclusive).
+        width (int, optional): Width of the bar, or ``None`` for maximum width. Defaults to None.
+        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of the bar. Defaults to "default".
+        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of bar background. Defaults to "default".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: float,
+        begin: float,
+        end: float,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        color: Union[Color, str] = "default",
+        bgcolor: Union[Color, str] = "default",
+    ):
+        self.size = size
+        self.begin = max(begin, 0)
+        self.end = min(end, size)
+        self.width = width
+        self.style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Bar({self.size}, {self.begin}, {self.end})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+
+        width = min(
+            self.width if self.width is not None else options.max_width,
+            options.max_width,
+        )
+
+        if self.begin >= self.end:
+            yield Segment(" " * width, self.style)
+            yield Segment.line()
+            return
+
+        prefix_complete_eights = int(width * 8 * self.begin / self.size)
+        prefix_bar_count = prefix_complete_eights // 8
+        prefix_eights_count = prefix_complete_eights % 8
+
+        body_complete_eights = int(width * 8 * self.end / self.size)
+        body_bar_count = body_complete_eights // 8
+        body_eights_count = body_complete_eights % 8
+
+        # When start and end fall into the same cell, we ideally should render
+        # a symbol that's "center-aligned", but there is no good symbol in Unicode.
+        # In this case, we fall back to right-aligned block symbol for simplicity.
+
+        prefix = " " * prefix_bar_count
+        if prefix_eights_count:
+            prefix += BEGIN_BLOCK_ELEMENTS[prefix_eights_count]
+
+        body = FULL_BLOCK * body_bar_count
+        if body_eights_count:
+            body += END_BLOCK_ELEMENTS[body_eights_count]
+
+        suffix = " " * (width - len(body))
+
+        yield Segment(prefix + body[len(prefix) :] + suffix, self.style)
+        yield Segment.line()
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return (
+            Measurement(self.width, self.width)
+            if self.width is not None
+            else Measurement(4, options.max_width)
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97d2a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleOptions
+
+
+class Box:
+    """Defines characters to render boxes.
+
+    ┌─┬┐ top
+    │ ││ head
+    ├─┼┤ head_row
+    │ ││ mid
+    ├─┼┤ row
+    ├─┼┤ foot_row
+    │ ││ foot
+    └─┴┘ bottom
+
+    Args:
+        box (str): Characters making up box.
+        ascii (bool, optional): True if this box uses ascii characters only. Default is False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, box: str, *, ascii: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._box = box
+        self.ascii = ascii
+        line1, line2, line3, line4, line5, line6, line7, line8 = box.splitlines()
+        # top
+        self.top_left, self.top, self.top_divider, self.top_right = iter(line1)
+        # head
+        self.head_left, _, self.head_vertical, self.head_right = iter(line2)
+        # head_row
+        (
+            self.head_row_left,
+            self.head_row_horizontal,
+            self.head_row_cross,
+            self.head_row_right,
+        ) = iter(line3)
+
+        # mid
+        self.mid_left, _, self.mid_vertical, self.mid_right = iter(line4)
+        # row
+        self.row_left, self.row_horizontal, self.row_cross, self.row_right = iter(line5)
+        # foot_row
+        (
+            self.foot_row_left,
+            self.foot_row_horizontal,
+            self.foot_row_cross,
+            self.foot_row_right,
+        ) = iter(line6)
+        # foot
+        self.foot_left, _, self.foot_vertical, self.foot_right = iter(line7)
+        # bottom
+        self.bottom_left, self.bottom, self.bottom_divider, self.bottom_right = iter(
+            line8
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Box(...)"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._box
+
+    def substitute(self, options: "ConsoleOptions", safe: bool = True) -> "Box":
+        """Substitute this box for another if it won't render due to platform issues.
+
+        Args:
+            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options used in rendering.
+            safe (bool, optional): Substitute this for another Box if there are known problems
+                displaying on the platform (currently only relevant on Windows). Default is True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Box: A different Box or the same Box.
+        """
+        box = self
+        if options.legacy_windows and safe:
+            box = LEGACY_WINDOWS_SUBSTITUTIONS.get(box, box)
+        if options.ascii_only and not box.ascii:
+            box = ASCII
+        return box
+
+    def get_plain_headed_box(self) -> "Box":
+        """If this box uses special characters for the borders of the header, then
+        return the equivalent box that does not.
+
+        Returns:
+            Box: The most similar Box that doesn't use header-specific box characters.
+                If the current Box already satisfies this criterion, then it's returned.
+        """
+        return PLAIN_HEADED_SUBSTITUTIONS.get(self, self)
+
+    def get_top(self, widths: Iterable[int]) -> str:
+        """Get the top of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        append(self.top_left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(self.top * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(self.top_divider)
+        append(self.top_right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def get_row(
+        self,
+        widths: Iterable[int],
+        level: Literal["head", "row", "foot", "mid"] = "row",
+        edge: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get the top of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            width (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+        if level == "head":
+            left = self.head_row_left
+            horizontal = self.head_row_horizontal
+            cross = self.head_row_cross
+            right = self.head_row_right
+        elif level == "row":
+            left = self.row_left
+            horizontal = self.row_horizontal
+            cross = self.row_cross
+            right = self.row_right
+        elif level == "mid":
+            left = self.mid_left
+            horizontal = " "
+            cross = self.mid_vertical
+            right = self.mid_right
+        elif level == "foot":
+            left = self.foot_row_left
+            horizontal = self.foot_row_horizontal
+            cross = self.foot_row_cross
+            right = self.foot_row_right
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("level must be 'head', 'row' or 'foot'")
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        if edge:
+            append(left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(horizontal * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(cross)
+        if edge:
+            append(right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def get_bottom(self, widths: Iterable[int]) -> str:
+        """Get the bottom of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        append(self.bottom_left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(self.bottom * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(self.bottom_divider)
+        append(self.bottom_right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+
+ASCII: Box = Box(
+    """\
++--+
+| ||
+|-+|
+| ||
+|-+|
+|-+|
+| ||
++--+
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+ASCII2: Box = Box(
+    """\
++-++
+| ||
++-++
+| ||
++-++
++-++
+| ||
++-++
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
++-++
+| ||
++=++
+| ||
++-++
++-++
+| ||
++-++
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+SQUARE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┌─┬┐
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+└─┴┘
+"""
+)
+
+SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┌─┬┐
+│ ││
+╞═╪╡
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+└─┴┘
+"""
+)
+
+MINIMAL: Box = Box(
+    """\
+  ╷ 
+  │ 
+╶─┼╴
+  │ 
+╶─┼╴
+╶─┼╴
+  │ 
+  ╵ 
+"""
+)
+
+
+MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+  ╷ 
+  │ 
+╺━┿╸
+  │ 
+╶─┼╴
+╶─┼╴
+  │ 
+  ╵ 
+"""
+)
+
+MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+  ╷ 
+  │ 
+ ═╪ 
+  │ 
+ ─┼ 
+ ─┼ 
+  │ 
+  ╵ 
+"""
+)
+
+
+SIMPLE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+    
+ ── 
+    
+    
+ ── 
+    
+    
+"""
+)
+
+SIMPLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+    
+ ── 
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+"""
+)
+
+
+SIMPLE_HEAVY: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+    
+ ━━ 
+    
+    
+ ━━ 
+    
+    
+"""
+)
+
+
+HORIZONTALS: Box = Box(
+    """\
+ ── 
+    
+ ── 
+    
+ ── 
+ ── 
+    
+ ── 
+"""
+)
+
+ROUNDED: Box = Box(
+    """\
+╭─┬╮
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+╰─┴╯
+"""
+)
+
+HEAVY: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┏━┳┓
+┃ ┃┃
+┣━╋┫
+┃ ┃┃
+┣━╋┫
+┣━╋┫
+┃ ┃┃
+┗━┻┛
+"""
+)
+
+HEAVY_EDGE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┏━┯┓
+┃ │┃
+┠─┼┨
+┃ │┃
+┠─┼┨
+┠─┼┨
+┃ │┃
+┗━┷┛
+"""
+)
+
+HEAVY_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┏━┳┓
+┃ ┃┃
+┡━╇┩
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+└─┴┘
+"""
+)
+
+DOUBLE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+╔═╦╗
+║ ║║
+╠═╬╣
+║ ║║
+╠═╬╣
+╠═╬╣
+║ ║║
+╚═╩╝
+"""
+)
+
+DOUBLE_EDGE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+╔═╤╗
+║ │║
+╟─┼╢
+║ │║
+╟─┼╢
+╟─┼╢
+║ │║
+╚═╧╝
+"""
+)
+
+MARKDOWN: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+| ||
+|-||
+| ||
+|-||
+|-||
+| ||
+    
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+# Map Boxes that don't render with raster fonts on to equivalent that do
+LEGACY_WINDOWS_SUBSTITUTIONS = {
+    ROUNDED: SQUARE,
+    MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    SIMPLE_HEAVY: SIMPLE,
+    HEAVY: SQUARE,
+    HEAVY_EDGE: SQUARE,
+    HEAVY_HEAD: SQUARE,
+}
+
+# Map headed boxes to their headerless equivalents
+PLAIN_HEADED_SUBSTITUTIONS = {
+    HEAVY_HEAD: SQUARE,
+    SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD: SQUARE,
+    MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD: ASCII2,
+}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.columns import Columns
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    from . import box as box
+    from .console import Console
+    from .table import Table
+    from .text import Text
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    BOXES = [
+        "ASCII",
+        "ASCII2",
+        "ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "SQUARE",
+        "SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "MINIMAL",
+        "MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD",
+        "MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "SIMPLE",
+        "SIMPLE_HEAD",
+        "SIMPLE_HEAVY",
+        "HORIZONTALS",
+        "ROUNDED",
+        "HEAVY",
+        "HEAVY_EDGE",
+        "HEAVY_HEAD",
+        "DOUBLE",
+        "DOUBLE_EDGE",
+        "MARKDOWN",
+    ]
+
+    console.print(Panel("[bold green]Box Constants", style="green"), justify="center")
+    console.print()
+
+    columns = Columns(expand=True, padding=2)
+    for box_name in sorted(BOXES):
+        table = Table(
+            show_footer=True, style="dim", border_style="not dim", expand=True
+        )
+        table.add_column("Header 1", "Footer 1")
+        table.add_column("Header 2", "Footer 2")
+        table.add_row("Cell", "Cell")
+        table.add_row("Cell", "Cell")
+        table.box = getattr(box, box_name)
+        table.title = Text(f"box.{box_name}", style="magenta")
+        columns.add_renderable(table)
+    console.print(columns)
+
+    # console.save_svg("box.svg")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9354f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import re
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Callable, List
+
+from ._cell_widths import CELL_WIDTHS
+
+# Regex to match sequence of the most common character ranges
+_is_single_cell_widths = re.compile("^[\u0020-\u006f\u00a0\u02ff\u0370-\u0482]*$").match
+
+
+@lru_cache(4096)
+def cached_cell_len(text: str) -> int:
+    """Get the number of cells required to display text.
+
+    This method always caches, which may use up a lot of memory. It is recommended to use
+    `cell_len` over this method.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): Text to display.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Get the number of cells required to display text.
+    """
+    _get_size = get_character_cell_size
+    total_size = sum(_get_size(character) for character in text)
+    return total_size
+
+
+def cell_len(text: str, _cell_len: Callable[[str], int] = cached_cell_len) -> int:
+    """Get the number of cells required to display text.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): Text to display.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Get the number of cells required to display text.
+    """
+    if len(text) < 512:
+        return _cell_len(text)
+    _get_size = get_character_cell_size
+    total_size = sum(_get_size(character) for character in text)
+    return total_size
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def get_character_cell_size(character: str) -> int:
+    """Get the cell size of a character.
+
+    Args:
+        character (str): A single character.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Number of cells (0, 1 or 2) occupied by that character.
+    """
+    return _get_codepoint_cell_size(ord(character))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def _get_codepoint_cell_size(codepoint: int) -> int:
+    """Get the cell size of a character.
+
+    Args:
+        codepoint (int): Codepoint of a character.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Number of cells (0, 1 or 2) occupied by that character.
+    """
+
+    _table = CELL_WIDTHS
+    lower_bound = 0
+    upper_bound = len(_table) - 1
+    index = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+    while True:
+        start, end, width = _table[index]
+        if codepoint < start:
+            upper_bound = index - 1
+        elif codepoint > end:
+            lower_bound = index + 1
+        else:
+            return 0 if width == -1 else width
+        if upper_bound < lower_bound:
+            break
+        index = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+    return 1
+
+
+def set_cell_size(text: str, total: int) -> str:
+    """Set the length of a string to fit within given number of cells."""
+
+    if _is_single_cell_widths(text):
+        size = len(text)
+        if size < total:
+            return text + " " * (total - size)
+        return text[:total]
+
+    if total <= 0:
+        return ""
+    cell_size = cell_len(text)
+    if cell_size == total:
+        return text
+    if cell_size < total:
+        return text + " " * (total - cell_size)
+
+    start = 0
+    end = len(text)
+
+    # Binary search until we find the right size
+    while True:
+        pos = (start + end) // 2
+        before = text[: pos + 1]
+        before_len = cell_len(before)
+        if before_len == total + 1 and cell_len(before[-1]) == 2:
+            return before[:-1] + " "
+        if before_len == total:
+            return before
+        if before_len > total:
+            end = pos
+        else:
+            start = pos
+
+
+# TODO: This is inefficient
+# TODO: This might not work with CWJ type characters
+def chop_cells(text: str, max_size: int, position: int = 0) -> List[str]:
+    """Break text in to equal (cell) length strings, returning the characters in reverse
+    order"""
+    _get_character_cell_size = get_character_cell_size
+    characters = [
+        (character, _get_character_cell_size(character)) for character in text
+    ]
+    total_size = position
+    lines: List[List[str]] = [[]]
+    append = lines[-1].append
+
+    for character, size in reversed(characters):
+        if total_size + size > max_size:
+            lines.append([character])
+            append = lines[-1].append
+            total_size = size
+        else:
+            total_size += size
+            append(character)
+
+    return ["".join(line) for line in lines]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    print(get_character_cell_size("😽"))
+    for line in chop_cells("""这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑。""", 8):
+        print(line)
+    for n in range(80, 1, -1):
+        print(set_cell_size("""这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑。""", n) + "|")
+        print("x" * n)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfe4559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+import platform
+import re
+from colorsys import rgb_to_hls
+from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+from ._palettes import EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE, STANDARD_PALETTE, WINDOWS_PALETTE
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .terminal_theme import TerminalTheme
+    from .text import Text
+
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+
+class ColorSystem(IntEnum):
+    """One of the 3 color system supported by terminals."""
+
+    STANDARD = 1
+    EIGHT_BIT = 2
+    TRUECOLOR = 3
+    WINDOWS = 4
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ColorSystem.{self.name}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self)
+
+
+class ColorType(IntEnum):
+    """Type of color stored in Color class."""
+
+    DEFAULT = 0
+    STANDARD = 1
+    EIGHT_BIT = 2
+    TRUECOLOR = 3
+    WINDOWS = 4
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ColorType.{self.name}"
+
+
+ANSI_COLOR_NAMES = {
+    "black": 0,
+    "red": 1,
+    "green": 2,
+    "yellow": 3,
+    "blue": 4,
+    "magenta": 5,
+    "cyan": 6,
+    "white": 7,
+    "bright_black": 8,
+    "bright_red": 9,
+    "bright_green": 10,
+    "bright_yellow": 11,
+    "bright_blue": 12,
+    "bright_magenta": 13,
+    "bright_cyan": 14,
+    "bright_white": 15,
+    "grey0": 16,
+    "gray0": 16,
+    "navy_blue": 17,
+    "dark_blue": 18,
+    "blue3": 20,
+    "blue1": 21,
+    "dark_green": 22,
+    "deep_sky_blue4": 25,
+    "dodger_blue3": 26,
+    "dodger_blue2": 27,
+    "green4": 28,
+    "spring_green4": 29,
+    "turquoise4": 30,
+    "deep_sky_blue3": 32,
+    "dodger_blue1": 33,
+    "green3": 40,
+    "spring_green3": 41,
+    "dark_cyan": 36,
+    "light_sea_green": 37,
+    "deep_sky_blue2": 38,
+    "deep_sky_blue1": 39,
+    "spring_green2": 47,
+    "cyan3": 43,
+    "dark_turquoise": 44,
+    "turquoise2": 45,
+    "green1": 46,
+    "spring_green1": 48,
+    "medium_spring_green": 49,
+    "cyan2": 50,
+    "cyan1": 51,
+    "dark_red": 88,
+    "deep_pink4": 125,
+    "purple4": 55,
+    "purple3": 56,
+    "blue_violet": 57,
+    "orange4": 94,
+    "grey37": 59,
+    "gray37": 59,
+    "medium_purple4": 60,
+    "slate_blue3": 62,
+    "royal_blue1": 63,
+    "chartreuse4": 64,
+    "dark_sea_green4": 71,
+    "pale_turquoise4": 66,
+    "steel_blue": 67,
+    "steel_blue3": 68,
+    "cornflower_blue": 69,
+    "chartreuse3": 76,
+    "cadet_blue": 73,
+    "sky_blue3": 74,
+    "steel_blue1": 81,
+    "pale_green3": 114,
+    "sea_green3": 78,
+    "aquamarine3": 79,
+    "medium_turquoise": 80,
+    "chartreuse2": 112,
+    "sea_green2": 83,
+    "sea_green1": 85,
+    "aquamarine1": 122,
+    "dark_slate_gray2": 87,
+    "dark_magenta": 91,
+    "dark_violet": 128,
+    "purple": 129,
+    "light_pink4": 95,
+    "plum4": 96,
+    "medium_purple3": 98,
+    "slate_blue1": 99,
+    "yellow4": 106,
+    "wheat4": 101,
+    "grey53": 102,
+    "gray53": 102,
+    "light_slate_grey": 103,
+    "light_slate_gray": 103,
+    "medium_purple": 104,
+    "light_slate_blue": 105,
+    "dark_olive_green3": 149,
+    "dark_sea_green": 108,
+    "light_sky_blue3": 110,
+    "sky_blue2": 111,
+    "dark_sea_green3": 150,
+    "dark_slate_gray3": 116,
+    "sky_blue1": 117,
+    "chartreuse1": 118,
+    "light_green": 120,
+    "pale_green1": 156,
+    "dark_slate_gray1": 123,
+    "red3": 160,
+    "medium_violet_red": 126,
+    "magenta3": 164,
+    "dark_orange3": 166,
+    "indian_red": 167,
+    "hot_pink3": 168,
+    "medium_orchid3": 133,
+    "medium_orchid": 134,
+    "medium_purple2": 140,
+    "dark_goldenrod": 136,
+    "light_salmon3": 173,
+    "rosy_brown": 138,
+    "grey63": 139,
+    "gray63": 139,
+    "medium_purple1": 141,
+    "gold3": 178,
+    "dark_khaki": 143,
+    "navajo_white3": 144,
+    "grey69": 145,
+    "gray69": 145,
+    "light_steel_blue3": 146,
+    "light_steel_blue": 147,
+    "yellow3": 184,
+    "dark_sea_green2": 157,
+    "light_cyan3": 152,
+    "light_sky_blue1": 153,
+    "green_yellow": 154,
+    "dark_olive_green2": 155,
+    "dark_sea_green1": 193,
+    "pale_turquoise1": 159,
+    "deep_pink3": 162,
+    "magenta2": 200,
+    "hot_pink2": 169,
+    "orchid": 170,
+    "medium_orchid1": 207,
+    "orange3": 172,
+    "light_pink3": 174,
+    "pink3": 175,
+    "plum3": 176,
+    "violet": 177,
+    "light_goldenrod3": 179,
+    "tan": 180,
+    "misty_rose3": 181,
+    "thistle3": 182,
+    "plum2": 183,
+    "khaki3": 185,
+    "light_goldenrod2": 222,
+    "light_yellow3": 187,
+    "grey84": 188,
+    "gray84": 188,
+    "light_steel_blue1": 189,
+    "yellow2": 190,
+    "dark_olive_green1": 192,
+    "honeydew2": 194,
+    "light_cyan1": 195,
+    "red1": 196,
+    "deep_pink2": 197,
+    "deep_pink1": 199,
+    "magenta1": 201,
+    "orange_red1": 202,
+    "indian_red1": 204,
+    "hot_pink": 206,
+    "dark_orange": 208,
+    "salmon1": 209,
+    "light_coral": 210,
+    "pale_violet_red1": 211,
+    "orchid2": 212,
+    "orchid1": 213,
+    "orange1": 214,
+    "sandy_brown": 215,
+    "light_salmon1": 216,
+    "light_pink1": 217,
+    "pink1": 218,
+    "plum1": 219,
+    "gold1": 220,
+    "navajo_white1": 223,
+    "misty_rose1": 224,
+    "thistle1": 225,
+    "yellow1": 226,
+    "light_goldenrod1": 227,
+    "khaki1": 228,
+    "wheat1": 229,
+    "cornsilk1": 230,
+    "grey100": 231,
+    "gray100": 231,
+    "grey3": 232,
+    "gray3": 232,
+    "grey7": 233,
+    "gray7": 233,
+    "grey11": 234,
+    "gray11": 234,
+    "grey15": 235,
+    "gray15": 235,
+    "grey19": 236,
+    "gray19": 236,
+    "grey23": 237,
+    "gray23": 237,
+    "grey27": 238,
+    "gray27": 238,
+    "grey30": 239,
+    "gray30": 239,
+    "grey35": 240,
+    "gray35": 240,
+    "grey39": 241,
+    "gray39": 241,
+    "grey42": 242,
+    "gray42": 242,
+    "grey46": 243,
+    "gray46": 243,
+    "grey50": 244,
+    "gray50": 244,
+    "grey54": 245,
+    "gray54": 245,
+    "grey58": 246,
+    "gray58": 246,
+    "grey62": 247,
+    "gray62": 247,
+    "grey66": 248,
+    "gray66": 248,
+    "grey70": 249,
+    "gray70": 249,
+    "grey74": 250,
+    "gray74": 250,
+    "grey78": 251,
+    "gray78": 251,
+    "grey82": 252,
+    "gray82": 252,
+    "grey85": 253,
+    "gray85": 253,
+    "grey89": 254,
+    "gray89": 254,
+    "grey93": 255,
+    "gray93": 255,
+}
+
+
+class ColorParseError(Exception):
+    """The color could not be parsed."""
+
+
+RE_COLOR = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+\#([0-9a-f]{6})$|
+color\(([0-9]{1,3})\)$|
+rgb\(([\d\s,]+)\)$
+""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Color(NamedTuple):
+    """Terminal color definition."""
+
+    name: str
+    """The name of the color (typically the input to Color.parse)."""
+    type: ColorType
+    """The type of the color."""
+    number: Optional[int] = None
+    """The color number, if a standard color, or None."""
+    triplet: Optional[ColorTriplet] = None
+    """A triplet of color components, if an RGB color."""
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> "Text":
+        """Displays the actual color if Rich printed."""
+        from .style import Style
+        from .text import Text
+
+        return Text.assemble(
+            f"<color {self.name!r} ({self.type.name.lower()})",
+            ("⬤", Style(color=self)),
+            " >",
+        )
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield self.name
+        yield self.type
+        yield "number", self.number, None
+        yield "triplet", self.triplet, None
+
+    @property
+    def system(self) -> ColorSystem:
+        """Get the native color system for this color."""
+        if self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            return ColorSystem.STANDARD
+        return ColorSystem(int(self.type))
+
+    @property
+    def is_system_defined(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the color is ultimately defined by the system."""
+        return self.system not in (ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT, ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR)
+
+    @property
+    def is_default(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the color is a default color."""
+        return self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT
+
+    def get_truecolor(
+        self, theme: Optional["TerminalTheme"] = None, foreground: bool = True
+    ) -> ColorTriplet:
+        """Get an equivalent color triplet for this color.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): Optional terminal theme, or None to use default. Defaults to None.
+            foreground (bool, optional): True for a foreground color, or False for background. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            ColorTriplet: A color triplet containing RGB components.
+        """
+
+        if theme is None:
+            theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        if self.type == ColorType.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            return self.triplet
+        elif self.type == ColorType.EIGHT_BIT:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number]
+        elif self.type == ColorType.STANDARD:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return theme.ansi_colors[self.number]
+        elif self.type == ColorType.WINDOWS:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return WINDOWS_PALETTE[self.number]
+        else:  # self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            assert self.number is None
+            return theme.foreground_color if foreground else theme.background_color
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ansi(cls, number: int) -> "Color":
+        """Create a Color number from it's 8-bit ansi number.
+
+        Args:
+            number (int): A number between 0-255 inclusive.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new Color instance.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            name=f"color({number})",
+            type=(ColorType.STANDARD if number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+            number=number,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_triplet(cls, triplet: "ColorTriplet") -> "Color":
+        """Create a truecolor RGB color from a triplet of values.
+
+        Args:
+            triplet (ColorTriplet): A color triplet containing red, green and blue components.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new color object.
+        """
+        return cls(name=triplet.hex, type=ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_rgb(cls, red: float, green: float, blue: float) -> "Color":
+        """Create a truecolor from three color components in the range(0->255).
+
+        Args:
+            red (float): Red component in range 0-255.
+            green (float): Green component in range 0-255.
+            blue (float): Blue component in range 0-255.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new color object.
+        """
+        return cls.from_triplet(ColorTriplet(int(red), int(green), int(blue)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "Color":
+        """Get a Color instance representing the default color.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: Default color.
+        """
+        return cls(name="default", type=ColorType.DEFAULT)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def parse(cls, color: str) -> "Color":
+        """Parse a color definition."""
+        original_color = color
+        color = color.lower().strip()
+
+        if color == "default":
+            return cls(color, type=ColorType.DEFAULT)
+
+        color_number = ANSI_COLOR_NAMES.get(color)
+        if color_number is not None:
+            return cls(
+                color,
+                type=(ColorType.STANDARD if color_number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+                number=color_number,
+            )
+
+        color_match = RE_COLOR.match(color)
+        if color_match is None:
+            raise ColorParseError(f"{original_color!r} is not a valid color")
+
+        color_24, color_8, color_rgb = color_match.groups()
+        if color_24:
+            triplet = ColorTriplet(
+                int(color_24[0:2], 16), int(color_24[2:4], 16), int(color_24[4:6], 16)
+            )
+            return cls(color, ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+        elif color_8:
+            number = int(color_8)
+            if number > 255:
+                raise ColorParseError(f"color number must be <= 255 in {color!r}")
+            return cls(
+                color,
+                type=(ColorType.STANDARD if number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+                number=number,
+            )
+
+        else:  #  color_rgb:
+            components = color_rgb.split(",")
+            if len(components) != 3:
+                raise ColorParseError(
+                    f"expected three components in {original_color!r}"
+                )
+            red, green, blue = components
+            triplet = ColorTriplet(int(red), int(green), int(blue))
+            if not all(component <= 255 for component in triplet):
+                raise ColorParseError(
+                    f"color components must be <= 255 in {original_color!r}"
+                )
+            return cls(color, ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def get_ansi_codes(self, foreground: bool = True) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+        """Get the ANSI escape codes for this color."""
+        _type = self.type
+        if _type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            return ("39" if foreground else "49",)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.WINDOWS:
+            number = self.number
+            assert number is not None
+            fore, back = (30, 40) if number < 8 else (82, 92)
+            return (str(fore + number if foreground else back + number),)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.STANDARD:
+            number = self.number
+            assert number is not None
+            fore, back = (30, 40) if number < 8 else (82, 92)
+            return (str(fore + number if foreground else back + number),)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.EIGHT_BIT:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return ("38" if foreground else "48", "5", str(self.number))
+
+        else:  # self.standard == ColorStandard.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            red, green, blue = self.triplet
+            return ("38" if foreground else "48", "2", str(red), str(green), str(blue))
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def downgrade(self, system: ColorSystem) -> "Color":
+        """Downgrade a color system to a system with fewer colors."""
+
+        if self.type in (ColorType.DEFAULT, system):
+            return self
+        # Convert to 8-bit color from truecolor color
+        if system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT and self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            _h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(*self.triplet.normalized)
+            # If saturation is under 15% assume it is grayscale
+            if s < 0.15:
+                gray = round(l * 25.0)
+                if gray == 0:
+                    color_number = 16
+                elif gray == 25:
+                    color_number = 231
+                else:
+                    color_number = 231 + gray
+                return Color(self.name, ColorType.EIGHT_BIT, number=color_number)
+
+            red, green, blue = self.triplet
+            six_red = red / 95 if red < 95 else 1 + (red - 95) / 40
+            six_green = green / 95 if green < 95 else 1 + (green - 95) / 40
+            six_blue = blue / 95 if blue < 95 else 1 + (blue - 95) / 40
+
+            color_number = (
+                16 + 36 * round(six_red) + 6 * round(six_green) + round(six_blue)
+            )
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.EIGHT_BIT, number=color_number)
+
+        # Convert to standard from truecolor or 8-bit
+        elif system == ColorSystem.STANDARD:
+            if self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+                assert self.triplet is not None
+                triplet = self.triplet
+            else:  # self.system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+                assert self.number is not None
+                triplet = ColorTriplet(*EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number])
+
+            color_number = STANDARD_PALETTE.match(triplet)
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.STANDARD, number=color_number)
+
+        elif system == ColorSystem.WINDOWS:
+            if self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+                assert self.triplet is not None
+                triplet = self.triplet
+            else:  # self.system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+                assert self.number is not None
+                if self.number < 16:
+                    return Color(self.name, ColorType.WINDOWS, number=self.number)
+                triplet = ColorTriplet(*EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number])
+
+            color_number = WINDOWS_PALETTE.match(triplet)
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.WINDOWS, number=color_number)
+
+        return self
+
+
+def parse_rgb_hex(hex_color: str) -> ColorTriplet:
+    """Parse six hex characters in to RGB triplet."""
+    assert len(hex_color) == 6, "must be 6 characters"
+    color = ColorTriplet(
+        int(hex_color[0:2], 16), int(hex_color[2:4], 16), int(hex_color[4:6], 16)
+    )
+    return color
+
+
+def blend_rgb(
+    color1: ColorTriplet, color2: ColorTriplet, cross_fade: float = 0.5
+) -> ColorTriplet:
+    """Blend one RGB color in to another."""
+    r1, g1, b1 = color1
+    r2, g2, b2 = color2
+    new_color = ColorTriplet(
+        int(r1 + (r2 - r1) * cross_fade),
+        int(g1 + (g2 - g1) * cross_fade),
+        int(b1 + (b2 - b1) * cross_fade),
+    )
+    return new_color
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from .console import Console
+    from .table import Table
+    from .text import Text
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    table = Table(show_footer=False, show_edge=True)
+    table.add_column("Color", width=10, overflow="ellipsis")
+    table.add_column("Number", justify="right", style="yellow")
+    table.add_column("Name", style="green")
+    table.add_column("Hex", style="blue")
+    table.add_column("RGB", style="magenta")
+
+    colors = sorted((v, k) for k, v in ANSI_COLOR_NAMES.items())
+    for color_number, name in colors:
+        if "grey" in name:
+            continue
+        color_cell = Text(" " * 10, style=f"on {name}")
+        if color_number < 16:
+            table.add_row(color_cell, f"{color_number}", Text(f'"{name}"'))
+        else:
+            color = EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[color_number]  # type: ignore[has-type]
+            table.add_row(
+                color_cell, str(color_number), Text(f'"{name}"'), color.hex, color.rgb
+            )
+
+    console.print(table)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02cab32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple, Tuple
+
+
+class ColorTriplet(NamedTuple):
+    """The red, green, and blue components of a color."""
+
+    red: int
+    """Red component in 0 to 255 range."""
+    green: int
+    """Green component in 0 to 255 range."""
+    blue: int
+    """Blue component in 0 to 255 range."""
+
+    @property
+    def hex(self) -> str:
+        """get the color triplet in CSS style."""
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return f"#{red:02x}{green:02x}{blue:02x}"
+
+    @property
+    def rgb(self) -> str:
+        """The color in RGB format.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: An rgb color, e.g. ``"rgb(100,23,255)"``.
+        """
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return f"rgb({red},{green},{blue})"
+
+    @property
+    def normalized(self) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
+        """Convert components into floats between 0 and 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[float, float, float]: A tuple of three normalized colour components.
+        """
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return red / 255.0, green / 255.0, blue / 255.0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..669a3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .align import Align, AlignMethod
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .table import Table
+from .text import TextType
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+
+
+class Columns(JupyterMixin):
+    """Display renderables in neat columns.
+
+    Args:
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): Any number of Rich renderables (including str).
+        width (int, optional): The desired width of the columns, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Optional padding around cells. Defaults to (0, 1).
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand columns to full width. Defaults to False.
+        equal (bool, optional): Arrange in to equal sized columns. Defaults to False.
+        column_first (bool, optional): Align items from top to bottom (rather than left to right). Defaults to False.
+        right_to_left (bool, optional): Start column from right hand side. Defaults to False.
+        align (str, optional): Align value ("left", "right", or "center") or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        title (TextType, optional): Optional title for Columns.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderables: Optional[Iterable[RenderableType]] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        equal: bool = False,
+        column_first: bool = False,
+        right_to_left: bool = False,
+        align: Optional[AlignMethod] = None,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderables = list(renderables or [])
+        self.width = width
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.expand = expand
+        self.equal = equal
+        self.column_first = column_first
+        self.right_to_left = right_to_left
+        self.align: Optional[AlignMethod] = align
+        self.title = title
+
+    def add_renderable(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Add a renderable to the columns.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object.
+        """
+        self.renderables.append(renderable)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        render_str = console.render_str
+        renderables = [
+            render_str(renderable) if isinstance(renderable, str) else renderable
+            for renderable in self.renderables
+        ]
+        if not renderables:
+            return
+        _top, right, _bottom, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        width_padding = max(left, right)
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        widths: Dict[int, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        column_count = len(renderables)
+
+        get_measurement = Measurement.get
+        renderable_widths = [
+            get_measurement(console, options, renderable).maximum
+            for renderable in renderables
+        ]
+        if self.equal:
+            renderable_widths = [max(renderable_widths)] * len(renderable_widths)
+
+        def iter_renderables(
+            column_count: int,
+        ) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Optional[RenderableType]]]:
+            item_count = len(renderables)
+            if self.column_first:
+                width_renderables = list(zip(renderable_widths, renderables))
+
+                column_lengths: List[int] = [item_count // column_count] * column_count
+                for col_no in range(item_count % column_count):
+                    column_lengths[col_no] += 1
+
+                row_count = (item_count + column_count - 1) // column_count
+                cells = [[-1] * column_count for _ in range(row_count)]
+                row = col = 0
+                for index in range(item_count):
+                    cells[row][col] = index
+                    column_lengths[col] -= 1
+                    if column_lengths[col]:
+                        row += 1
+                    else:
+                        col += 1
+                        row = 0
+                for index in chain.from_iterable(cells):
+                    if index == -1:
+                        break
+                    yield width_renderables[index]
+            else:
+                yield from zip(renderable_widths, renderables)
+            # Pad odd elements with spaces
+            if item_count % column_count:
+                for _ in range(column_count - (item_count % column_count)):
+                    yield 0, None
+
+        table = Table.grid(padding=self.padding, collapse_padding=True, pad_edge=False)
+        table.expand = self.expand
+        table.title = self.title
+
+        if self.width is not None:
+            column_count = (max_width) // (self.width + width_padding)
+            for _ in range(column_count):
+                table.add_column(width=self.width)
+        else:
+            while column_count > 1:
+                widths.clear()
+                column_no = 0
+                for renderable_width, _ in iter_renderables(column_count):
+                    widths[column_no] = max(widths[column_no], renderable_width)
+                    total_width = sum(widths.values()) + width_padding * (
+                        len(widths) - 1
+                    )
+                    if total_width > max_width:
+                        column_count = len(widths) - 1
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        column_no = (column_no + 1) % column_count
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        get_renderable = itemgetter(1)
+        _renderables = [
+            get_renderable(_renderable)
+            for _renderable in iter_renderables(column_count)
+        ]
+        if self.equal:
+            _renderables = [
+                None
+                if renderable is None
+                else Constrain(renderable, renderable_widths[0])
+                for renderable in _renderables
+            ]
+        if self.align:
+            align = self.align
+            _Align = Align
+            _renderables = [
+                None if renderable is None else _Align(renderable, align)
+                for renderable in _renderables
+            ]
+
+        right_to_left = self.right_to_left
+        add_row = table.add_row
+        for start in range(0, len(_renderables), column_count):
+            row = _renderables[start : start + column_count]
+            if right_to_left:
+                row = row[::-1]
+            add_row(*row)
+        yield table
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import os
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    files = [f"{i} {s}" for i, s in enumerate(sorted(os.listdir()))]
+    columns = Columns(files, padding=(0, 1), expand=False, equal=False)
+    console.print(columns)
+    console.rule()
+    columns.column_first = True
+    console.print(columns)
+    columns.right_to_left = True
+    console.rule()
+    console.print(columns)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e559cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2633 @@
+import inspect
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+import threading
+import zlib
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import wraps
+from getpass import getpass
+from html import escape
+from inspect import isclass
+from itertools import islice
+from math import ceil
+from time import monotonic
+from types import FrameType, ModuleType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NULL_FILE
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal, Protocol, runtime_checkable
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import (
+        Literal,
+        Protocol,
+        runtime_checkable,
+    )  # pragma: no cover
+
+from . import errors, themes
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+from ._export_format import CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT, CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT
+from ._fileno import get_fileno
+from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
+from .align import Align, AlignMethod
+from .color import ColorSystem, blend_rgb
+from .control import Control
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .highlighter import NullHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .markup import render as render_markup
+from .measure import Measurement, measure_renderables
+from .pager import Pager, SystemPager
+from .pretty import Pretty, is_expandable
+from .protocol import rich_cast
+from .region import Region
+from .scope import render_scope
+from .screen import Screen
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .styled import Styled
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, SVG_EXPORT_THEME, TerminalTheme
+from .text import Text, TextType
+from .theme import Theme, ThemeStack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._windows import WindowsConsoleFeatures
+    from .live import Live
+    from .status import Status
+
+JUPYTER_DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 115
+JUPYTER_DEFAULT_LINES = 100
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+HighlighterType = Callable[[Union[str, "Text"]], "Text"]
+JustifyMethod = Literal["default", "left", "center", "right", "full"]
+OverflowMethod = Literal["fold", "crop", "ellipsis", "ignore"]
+
+
+class NoChange:
+    pass
+
+
+NO_CHANGE = NoChange()
+
+try:
+    _STDIN_FILENO = sys.__stdin__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDIN_FILENO = 0
+try:
+    _STDOUT_FILENO = sys.__stdout__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+try:
+    _STDERR_FILENO = sys.__stderr__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+_STD_STREAMS = (_STDIN_FILENO, _STDOUT_FILENO, _STDERR_FILENO)
+_STD_STREAMS_OUTPUT = (_STDOUT_FILENO, _STDERR_FILENO)
+
+
+_TERM_COLORS = {
+    "kitty": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "256color": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "16color": ColorSystem.STANDARD,
+}
+
+
+class ConsoleDimensions(NamedTuple):
+    """Size of the terminal."""
+
+    width: int
+    """The width of the console in 'cells'."""
+    height: int
+    """The height of the console in lines."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ConsoleOptions:
+    """Options for __rich_console__ method."""
+
+    size: ConsoleDimensions
+    """Size of console."""
+    legacy_windows: bool
+    """legacy_windows: flag for legacy windows."""
+    min_width: int
+    """Minimum width of renderable."""
+    max_width: int
+    """Maximum width of renderable."""
+    is_terminal: bool
+    """True if the target is a terminal, otherwise False."""
+    encoding: str
+    """Encoding of terminal."""
+    max_height: int
+    """Height of container (starts as terminal)"""
+    justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None
+    """Justify value override for renderable."""
+    overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None
+    """Overflow value override for renderable."""
+    no_wrap: Optional[bool] = False
+    """Disable wrapping for text."""
+    highlight: Optional[bool] = None
+    """Highlight override for render_str."""
+    markup: Optional[bool] = None
+    """Enable markup when rendering strings."""
+    height: Optional[int] = None
+
+    @property
+    def ascii_only(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if renderables should use ascii only."""
+        return not self.encoding.startswith("utf")
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Return a copy of the options.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleOptions: a copy of self.
+        """
+        options: ConsoleOptions = ConsoleOptions.__new__(ConsoleOptions)
+        options.__dict__ = self.__dict__.copy()
+        return options
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        min_width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        max_width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        justify: Union[Optional[JustifyMethod], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        overflow: Union[Optional[OverflowMethod], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        no_wrap: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        highlight: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        markup: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        height: Union[Optional[int], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+    ) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update values, return a copy."""
+        options = self.copy()
+        if not isinstance(width, NoChange):
+            options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        if not isinstance(min_width, NoChange):
+            options.min_width = min_width
+        if not isinstance(max_width, NoChange):
+            options.max_width = max_width
+        if not isinstance(justify, NoChange):
+            options.justify = justify
+        if not isinstance(overflow, NoChange):
+            options.overflow = overflow
+        if not isinstance(no_wrap, NoChange):
+            options.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        if not isinstance(highlight, NoChange):
+            options.highlight = highlight
+        if not isinstance(markup, NoChange):
+            options.markup = markup
+        if not isinstance(height, NoChange):
+            if height is not None:
+                options.max_height = height
+            options.height = None if height is None else max(0, height)
+        return options
+
+    def update_width(self, width: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update just the width, return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width (sets both min_width and max_width)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        return options
+
+    def update_height(self, height: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update the height, and return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            height (int): New height
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New Console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.max_height = options.height = height
+        return options
+
+    def reset_height(self) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Return a copy of the options with height set to ``None``.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.height = None
+        return options
+
+    def update_dimensions(self, width: int, height: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update the width and height, and return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width (sets both min_width and max_width).
+            height (int): New height.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        options.height = options.max_height = height
+        return options
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class RichCast(Protocol):
+    """An object that may be 'cast' to a console renderable."""
+
+    def __rich__(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union["ConsoleRenderable", "RichCast", str]:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class ConsoleRenderable(Protocol):
+    """An object that supports the console protocol."""
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+# A type that may be rendered by Console.
+RenderableType = Union[ConsoleRenderable, RichCast, str]
+
+# The result of calling a __rich_console__ method.
+RenderResult = Iterable[Union[RenderableType, Segment]]
+
+_null_highlighter = NullHighlighter()
+
+
+class CaptureError(Exception):
+    """An error in the Capture context manager."""
+
+
+class NewLine:
+    """A renderable to generate new line(s)"""
+
+    def __init__(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
+        self.count = count
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        yield Segment("\n" * self.count)
+
+
+class ScreenUpdate:
+    """Render a list of lines at a given offset."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: List[List[Segment]], x: int, y: int) -> None:
+        self._lines = lines
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        x = self.x
+        move_to = Control.move_to
+        for offset, line in enumerate(self._lines, self.y):
+            yield move_to(x, offset)
+            yield from line
+
+
+class Capture:
+    """Context manager to capture the result of printing to the console.
+    See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.capture` for how to use.
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console): A console instance to capture output.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console") -> None:
+        self._console = console
+        self._result: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Capture":
+        self._console.begin_capture()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._result = self._console.end_capture()
+
+    def get(self) -> str:
+        """Get the result of the capture."""
+        if self._result is None:
+            raise CaptureError(
+                "Capture result is not available until context manager exits."
+            )
+        return self._result
+
+
+class ThemeContext:
+    """A context manager to use a temporary theme. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.use_theme` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console", theme: Theme, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.console = console
+        self.theme = theme
+        self.inherit = inherit
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ThemeContext":
+        self.console.push_theme(self.theme)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console.pop_theme()
+
+
+class PagerContext:
+    """A context manager that 'pages' content. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.pager` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        pager: Optional[Pager] = None,
+        styles: bool = False,
+        links: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._console = console
+        self.pager = SystemPager() if pager is None else pager
+        self.styles = styles
+        self.links = links
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "PagerContext":
+        self._console._enter_buffer()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            with self._console._lock:
+                buffer: List[Segment] = self._console._buffer[:]
+                del self._console._buffer[:]
+                segments: Iterable[Segment] = buffer
+                if not self.styles:
+                    segments = Segment.strip_styles(segments)
+                elif not self.links:
+                    segments = Segment.strip_links(segments)
+                content = self._console._render_buffer(segments)
+            self.pager.show(content)
+        self._console._exit_buffer()
+
+
+class ScreenContext:
+    """A context manager that enables an alternative screen. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.screen` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, console: "Console", hide_cursor: bool, style: StyleType = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console = console
+        self.hide_cursor = hide_cursor
+        self.screen = Screen(style=style)
+        self._changed = False
+
+    def update(
+        self, *renderables: RenderableType, style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the screen.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType, optional): Optional renderable to replace current renderable,
+                or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            style: (Style, optional): Replacement style, or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if renderables:
+            self.screen.renderable = (
+                Group(*renderables) if len(renderables) > 1 else renderables[0]
+            )
+        if style is not None:
+            self.screen.style = style
+        self.console.print(self.screen, end="")
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ScreenContext":
+        self._changed = self.console.set_alt_screen(True)
+        if self._changed and self.hide_cursor:
+            self.console.show_cursor(False)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._changed:
+            self.console.set_alt_screen(False)
+            if self.hide_cursor:
+                self.console.show_cursor(True)
+
+
+class Group:
+    """Takes a group of renderables and returns a renderable object that renders the group.
+
+    Args:
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): An iterable of renderable objects.
+        fit (bool, optional): Fit dimension of group to contents, or fill available space. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *renderables: "RenderableType", fit: bool = True) -> None:
+        self._renderables = renderables
+        self.fit = fit
+        self._render: Optional[List[RenderableType]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def renderables(self) -> List["RenderableType"]:
+        if self._render is None:
+            self._render = list(self._renderables)
+        return self._render
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        if self.fit:
+            return measure_renderables(console, options, self.renderables)
+        else:
+            return Measurement(options.max_width, options.max_width)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        yield from self.renderables
+
+
+def group(fit: bool = True) -> Callable[..., Callable[..., Group]]:
+    """A decorator that turns an iterable of renderables in to a group.
+
+    Args:
+        fit (bool, optional): Fit dimension of group to contents, or fill available space. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(
+        method: Callable[..., Iterable[RenderableType]]
+    ) -> Callable[..., Group]:
+        """Convert a method that returns an iterable of renderables in to a Group."""
+
+        @wraps(method)
+        def _replace(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Group:
+            renderables = method(*args, **kwargs)
+            return Group(*renderables, fit=fit)
+
+        return _replace
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def _is_jupyter() -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Check if we're running in a Jupyter notebook."""
+    try:
+        get_ipython  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    except NameError:
+        return False
+    ipython = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    shell = ipython.__class__.__name__
+    if (
+        "google.colab" in str(ipython.__class__)
+        or os.getenv("DATABRICKS_RUNTIME_VERSION")
+        or shell == "ZMQInteractiveShell"
+    ):
+        return True  # Jupyter notebook or qtconsole
+    elif shell == "TerminalInteractiveShell":
+        return False  # Terminal running IPython
+    else:
+        return False  # Other type (?)
+
+
+COLOR_SYSTEMS = {
+    "standard": ColorSystem.STANDARD,
+    "256": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "truecolor": ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
+    "windows": ColorSystem.WINDOWS,
+}
+
+_COLOR_SYSTEMS_NAMES = {system: name for name, system in COLOR_SYSTEMS.items()}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ConsoleThreadLocals(threading.local):
+    """Thread local values for Console context."""
+
+    theme_stack: ThemeStack
+    buffer: List[Segment] = field(default_factory=list)
+    buffer_index: int = 0
+
+
+class RenderHook(ABC):
+    """Provides hooks in to the render process."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def process_renderables(
+        self, renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable]
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Called with a list of objects to render.
+
+        This method can return a new list of renderables, or modify and return the same list.
+
+        Args:
+            renderables (List[ConsoleRenderable]): A number of renderable objects.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[ConsoleRenderable]: A replacement list of renderables.
+        """
+
+
+_windows_console_features: Optional["WindowsConsoleFeatures"] = None
+
+
+def get_windows_console_features() -> "WindowsConsoleFeatures":  # pragma: no cover
+    global _windows_console_features
+    if _windows_console_features is not None:
+        return _windows_console_features
+    from ._windows import get_windows_console_features
+
+    _windows_console_features = get_windows_console_features()
+    return _windows_console_features
+
+
+def detect_legacy_windows() -> bool:
+    """Detect legacy Windows."""
+    return WINDOWS and not get_windows_console_features().vt
+
+
+class Console:
+    """A high level console interface.
+
+    Args:
+        color_system (str, optional): The color system supported by your terminal,
+            either ``"standard"``, ``"256"`` or ``"truecolor"``. Leave as ``"auto"`` to autodetect.
+        force_terminal (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable terminal control codes, or None to auto-detect terminal. Defaults to None.
+        force_jupyter (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable Jupyter rendering, or None to auto-detect Jupyter. Defaults to None.
+        force_interactive (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable interactive mode, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        soft_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Set soft wrap default on print method. Defaults to False.
+        theme (Theme, optional): An optional style theme object, or ``None`` for default theme.
+        stderr (bool, optional): Use stderr rather than stdout if ``file`` is not specified. Defaults to False.
+        file (IO, optional): A file object where the console should write to. Defaults to stdout.
+        quiet (bool, Optional): Boolean to suppress all output. Defaults to False.
+        width (int, optional): The width of the terminal. Leave as default to auto-detect width.
+        height (int, optional): The height of the terminal. Leave as default to auto-detect height.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style to apply to all output, or None for no style. Defaults to None.
+        no_color (Optional[bool], optional): Enabled no color mode, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        tab_size (int, optional): Number of spaces used to replace a tab character. Defaults to 8.
+        record (bool, optional): Boolean to enable recording of terminal output,
+            required to call :meth:`export_html`, :meth:`export_svg`, and :meth:`export_text`. Defaults to False.
+        markup (bool, optional): Boolean to enable :ref:`console_markup`. Defaults to True.
+        emoji (bool, optional): Enable emoji code. Defaults to True.
+        emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable automatic highlighting. Defaults to True.
+        log_time (bool, optional): Boolean to enable logging of time by :meth:`log` methods. Defaults to True.
+        log_path (bool, optional): Boolean to enable the logging of the caller by :meth:`log`. Defaults to True.
+        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%X] ".
+        highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Default highlighter.
+        legacy_windows (bool, optional): Enable legacy Windows mode, or ``None`` to auto detect. Defaults to ``None``.
+        safe_box (bool, optional): Restrict box options that don't render on legacy Windows.
+        get_datetime (Callable[[], datetime], optional): Callable that gets the current time as a datetime.datetime object (used by Console.log),
+            or None for datetime.now.
+        get_time (Callable[[], time], optional): Callable that gets the current time in seconds, default uses time.monotonic.
+    """
+
+    _environ: Mapping[str, str] = os.environ
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color_system: Optional[
+            Literal["auto", "standard", "256", "truecolor", "windows"]
+        ] = "auto",
+        force_terminal: Optional[bool] = None,
+        force_jupyter: Optional[bool] = None,
+        force_interactive: Optional[bool] = None,
+        soft_wrap: bool = False,
+        theme: Optional[Theme] = None,
+        stderr: bool = False,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        quiet: bool = False,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        no_color: Optional[bool] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        record: bool = False,
+        markup: bool = True,
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        log_time: bool = True,
+        log_path: bool = True,
+        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%X]",
+        highlighter: Optional["HighlighterType"] = ReprHighlighter(),
+        legacy_windows: Optional[bool] = None,
+        safe_box: bool = True,
+        get_datetime: Optional[Callable[[], datetime]] = None,
+        get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+        _environ: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        # Copy of os.environ allows us to replace it for testing
+        if _environ is not None:
+            self._environ = _environ
+
+        self.is_jupyter = _is_jupyter() if force_jupyter is None else force_jupyter
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            if width is None:
+                jupyter_columns = self._environ.get("JUPYTER_COLUMNS")
+                if jupyter_columns is not None and jupyter_columns.isdigit():
+                    width = int(jupyter_columns)
+                else:
+                    width = JUPYTER_DEFAULT_COLUMNS
+            if height is None:
+                jupyter_lines = self._environ.get("JUPYTER_LINES")
+                if jupyter_lines is not None and jupyter_lines.isdigit():
+                    height = int(jupyter_lines)
+                else:
+                    height = JUPYTER_DEFAULT_LINES
+
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self.record = record
+        self._markup = markup
+        self._emoji = emoji
+        self._emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = emoji_variant
+        self._highlight = highlight
+        self.legacy_windows: bool = (
+            (detect_legacy_windows() and not self.is_jupyter)
+            if legacy_windows is None
+            else legacy_windows
+        )
+
+        if width is None:
+            columns = self._environ.get("COLUMNS")
+            if columns is not None and columns.isdigit():
+                width = int(columns) - self.legacy_windows
+        if height is None:
+            lines = self._environ.get("LINES")
+            if lines is not None and lines.isdigit():
+                height = int(lines)
+
+        self.soft_wrap = soft_wrap
+        self._width = width
+        self._height = height
+
+        self._color_system: Optional[ColorSystem]
+
+        self._force_terminal = None
+        if force_terminal is not None:
+            self._force_terminal = force_terminal
+
+        self._file = file
+        self.quiet = quiet
+        self.stderr = stderr
+
+        if color_system is None:
+            self._color_system = None
+        elif color_system == "auto":
+            self._color_system = self._detect_color_system()
+        else:
+            self._color_system = COLOR_SYSTEMS[color_system]
+
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._log_render = LogRender(
+            show_time=log_time,
+            show_path=log_path,
+            time_format=log_time_format,
+        )
+        self.highlighter: HighlighterType = highlighter or _null_highlighter
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self.get_datetime = get_datetime or datetime.now
+        self.get_time = get_time or monotonic
+        self.style = style
+        self.no_color = (
+            no_color if no_color is not None else "NO_COLOR" in self._environ
+        )
+        self.is_interactive = (
+            (self.is_terminal and not self.is_dumb_terminal)
+            if force_interactive is None
+            else force_interactive
+        )
+
+        self._record_buffer_lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._thread_locals = ConsoleThreadLocals(
+            theme_stack=ThemeStack(themes.DEFAULT if theme is None else theme)
+        )
+        self._record_buffer: List[Segment] = []
+        self._render_hooks: List[RenderHook] = []
+        self._live: Optional["Live"] = None
+        self._is_alt_screen = False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<console width={self.width} {self._color_system!s}>"
+
+    @property
+    def file(self) -> IO[str]:
+        """Get the file object to write to."""
+        file = self._file or (sys.stderr if self.stderr else sys.stdout)
+        file = getattr(file, "rich_proxied_file", file)
+        if file is None:
+            file = NULL_FILE
+        return file
+
+    @file.setter
+    def file(self, new_file: IO[str]) -> None:
+        """Set a new file object."""
+        self._file = new_file
+
+    @property
+    def _buffer(self) -> List[Segment]:
+        """Get a thread local buffer."""
+        return self._thread_locals.buffer
+
+    @property
+    def _buffer_index(self) -> int:
+        """Get a thread local buffer."""
+        return self._thread_locals.buffer_index
+
+    @_buffer_index.setter
+    def _buffer_index(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self._thread_locals.buffer_index = value
+
+    @property
+    def _theme_stack(self) -> ThemeStack:
+        """Get the thread local theme stack."""
+        return self._thread_locals.theme_stack
+
+    def _detect_color_system(self) -> Optional[ColorSystem]:
+        """Detect color system from env vars."""
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            return ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+        if not self.is_terminal or self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            return None
+        if WINDOWS:  # pragma: no cover
+            if self.legacy_windows:  # pragma: no cover
+                return ColorSystem.WINDOWS
+            windows_console_features = get_windows_console_features()
+            return (
+                ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+                if windows_console_features.truecolor
+                else ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+            )
+        else:
+            color_term = self._environ.get("COLORTERM", "").strip().lower()
+            if color_term in ("truecolor", "24bit"):
+                return ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+            term = self._environ.get("TERM", "").strip().lower()
+            _term_name, _hyphen, colors = term.rpartition("-")
+            color_system = _TERM_COLORS.get(colors, ColorSystem.STANDARD)
+            return color_system
+
+    def _enter_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Enter in to a buffer context, and buffer all output."""
+        self._buffer_index += 1
+
+    def _exit_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Leave buffer context, and render content if required."""
+        self._buffer_index -= 1
+        self._check_buffer()
+
+    def set_live(self, live: "Live") -> None:
+        """Set Live instance. Used by Live context manager.
+
+        Args:
+            live (Live): Live instance using this Console.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.LiveError: If this Console has a Live context currently active.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._live is not None:
+                raise errors.LiveError("Only one live display may be active at once")
+            self._live = live
+
+    def clear_live(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the Live instance."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._live = None
+
+    def push_render_hook(self, hook: RenderHook) -> None:
+        """Add a new render hook to the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            hook (RenderHook): Render hook instance.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self._render_hooks.append(hook)
+
+    def pop_render_hook(self) -> None:
+        """Pop the last renderhook from the stack."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._render_hooks.pop()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Console":
+        """Own context manager to enter buffer context."""
+        self._enter_buffer()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_value: Any, traceback: Any) -> None:
+        """Exit buffer context."""
+        self._exit_buffer()
+
+    def begin_capture(self) -> None:
+        """Begin capturing console output. Call :meth:`end_capture` to exit capture mode and return output."""
+        self._enter_buffer()
+
+    def end_capture(self) -> str:
+        """End capture mode and return captured string.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Console output.
+        """
+        render_result = self._render_buffer(self._buffer)
+        del self._buffer[:]
+        self._exit_buffer()
+        return render_result
+
+    def push_theme(self, theme: Theme, *, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Push a new theme on to the top of the stack, replacing the styles from the previous theme.
+        Generally speaking, you should call :meth:`~rich.console.Console.use_theme` to get a context manager, rather
+        than calling this method directly.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): A theme instance.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit existing styles. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        self._theme_stack.push_theme(theme, inherit=inherit)
+
+    def pop_theme(self) -> None:
+        """Remove theme from top of stack, restoring previous theme."""
+        self._theme_stack.pop_theme()
+
+    def use_theme(self, theme: Theme, *, inherit: bool = True) -> ThemeContext:
+        """Use a different theme for the duration of the context manager.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): Theme instance to user.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit existing console styles. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            ThemeContext: [description]
+        """
+        return ThemeContext(self, theme, inherit)
+
+    @property
+    def color_system(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get color system string.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: "standard", "256" or "truecolor".
+        """
+
+        if self._color_system is not None:
+            return _COLOR_SYSTEMS_NAMES[self._color_system]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        """Get the encoding of the console file, e.g. ``"utf-8"``.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A standard encoding string.
+        """
+        return (getattr(self.file, "encoding", "utf-8") or "utf-8").lower()
+
+    @property
+    def is_terminal(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the console is writing to a terminal.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the console writing to a device capable of
+            understanding terminal codes, otherwise False.
+        """
+        if self._force_terminal is not None:
+            return self._force_terminal
+
+        if hasattr(sys.stdin, "__module__") and sys.stdin.__module__.startswith(
+            "idlelib"
+        ):
+            # Return False for Idle which claims to be a tty but can't handle ansi codes
+            return False
+
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            # return False for Jupyter, which may have FORCE_COLOR set
+            return False
+
+        # If FORCE_COLOR env var has any value at all, we assume a terminal.
+        force_color = self._environ.get("FORCE_COLOR")
+        if force_color is not None:
+            self._force_terminal = True
+            return True
+
+        isatty: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = getattr(self.file, "isatty", None)
+        try:
+            return False if isatty is None else isatty()
+        except ValueError:
+            # in some situation (at the end of a pytest run for example) isatty() can raise
+            # ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
+            # return False because we aren't in a terminal anymore
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_dumb_terminal(self) -> bool:
+        """Detect dumb terminal.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if writing to a dumb terminal, otherwise False.
+
+        """
+        _term = self._environ.get("TERM", "")
+        is_dumb = _term.lower() in ("dumb", "unknown")
+        return self.is_terminal and is_dumb
+
+    @property
+    def options(self) -> ConsoleOptions:
+        """Get default console options."""
+        return ConsoleOptions(
+            max_height=self.size.height,
+            size=self.size,
+            legacy_windows=self.legacy_windows,
+            min_width=1,
+            max_width=self.width,
+            encoding=self.encoding,
+            is_terminal=self.is_terminal,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> ConsoleDimensions:
+        """Get the size of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleDimensions: A named tuple containing the dimensions.
+        """
+
+        if self._width is not None and self._height is not None:
+            return ConsoleDimensions(self._width - self.legacy_windows, self._height)
+
+        if self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            return ConsoleDimensions(80, 25)
+
+        width: Optional[int] = None
+        height: Optional[int] = None
+
+        if WINDOWS:  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                width, height = os.get_terminal_size()
+            except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):  # Probably not a terminal
+                pass
+        else:
+            for file_descriptor in _STD_STREAMS:
+                try:
+                    width, height = os.get_terminal_size(file_descriptor)
+                except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        columns = self._environ.get("COLUMNS")
+        if columns is not None and columns.isdigit():
+            width = int(columns)
+        lines = self._environ.get("LINES")
+        if lines is not None and lines.isdigit():
+            height = int(lines)
+
+        # get_terminal_size can report 0, 0 if run from pseudo-terminal
+        width = width or 80
+        height = height or 25
+        return ConsoleDimensions(
+            width - self.legacy_windows if self._width is None else self._width,
+            height if self._height is None else self._height,
+        )
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, new_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> None:
+        """Set a new size for the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            new_size (Tuple[int, int]): New width and height.
+        """
+        width, height = new_size
+        self._width = width
+        self._height = height
+
+    @property
+    def width(self) -> int:
+        """Get the width of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The width (in characters) of the console.
+        """
+        return self.size.width
+
+    @width.setter
+    def width(self, width: int) -> None:
+        """Set width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width.
+        """
+        self._width = width
+
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> int:
+        """Get the height of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The height (in lines) of the console.
+        """
+        return self.size.height
+
+    @height.setter
+    def height(self, height: int) -> None:
+        """Set height.
+
+        Args:
+            height (int): new height.
+        """
+        self._height = height
+
+    def bell(self) -> None:
+        """Play a 'bell' sound (if supported by the terminal)."""
+        self.control(Control.bell())
+
+    def capture(self) -> Capture:
+        """A context manager to *capture* the result of print() or log() in a string,
+        rather than writing it to the console.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.console import Console
+            >>> console = Console()
+            >>> with console.capture() as capture:
+            ...     console.print("[bold magenta]Hello World[/]")
+            >>> print(capture.get())
+
+        Returns:
+            Capture: Context manager with disables writing to the terminal.
+        """
+        capture = Capture(self)
+        return capture
+
+    def pager(
+        self, pager: Optional[Pager] = None, styles: bool = False, links: bool = False
+    ) -> PagerContext:
+        """A context manager to display anything printed within a "pager". The pager application
+        is defined by the system and will typically support at least pressing a key to scroll.
+
+        Args:
+            pager (Pager, optional): A pager object, or None to use :class:`~rich.pager.SystemPager`. Defaults to None.
+            styles (bool, optional): Show styles in pager. Defaults to False.
+            links (bool, optional): Show links in pager. Defaults to False.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.console import Console
+            >>> from rich.__main__ import make_test_card
+            >>> console = Console()
+            >>> with console.pager():
+                    console.print(make_test_card())
+
+        Returns:
+            PagerContext: A context manager.
+        """
+        return PagerContext(self, pager=pager, styles=styles, links=links)
+
+    def line(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Write new line(s).
+
+        Args:
+            count (int, optional): Number of new lines. Defaults to 1.
+        """
+
+        assert count >= 0, "count must be >= 0"
+        self.print(NewLine(count))
+
+    def clear(self, home: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Clear the screen.
+
+        Args:
+            home (bool, optional): Also move the cursor to 'home' position. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        if home:
+            self.control(Control.clear(), Control.home())
+        else:
+            self.control(Control.clear())
+
+    def status(
+        self,
+        status: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        spinner: str = "dots",
+        spinner_style: StyleType = "status.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 12.5,
+    ) -> "Status":
+        """Display a status and spinner.
+
+        Args:
+            status (RenderableType): A status renderable (str or Text typically).
+            spinner (str, optional): Name of spinner animation (see python -m rich.spinner). Defaults to "dots".
+            spinner_style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "status.spinner".
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for spinner animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+            refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of refreshes per second. Defaults to 12.5.
+
+        Returns:
+            Status: A Status object that may be used as a context manager.
+        """
+        from .status import Status
+
+        status_renderable = Status(
+            status,
+            console=self,
+            spinner=spinner,
+            spinner_style=spinner_style,
+            speed=speed,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+        )
+        return status_renderable
+
+    def show_cursor(self, show: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Show or hide the cursor.
+
+        Args:
+            show (bool, optional): Set visibility of the cursor.
+        """
+        if self.is_terminal:
+            self.control(Control.show_cursor(show))
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def set_alt_screen(self, enable: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Enables alternative screen mode.
+
+        Note, if you enable this mode, you should ensure that is disabled before
+        the application exits. See :meth:`~rich.Console.screen` for a context manager
+        that handles this for you.
+
+        Args:
+            enable (bool, optional): Enable (True) or disable (False) alternate screen. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the control codes were written.
+
+        """
+        changed = False
+        if self.is_terminal and not self.legacy_windows:
+            self.control(Control.alt_screen(enable))
+            changed = True
+            self._is_alt_screen = enable
+        return changed
+
+    @property
+    def is_alt_screen(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the alt screen was enabled.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the alt screen was enabled, otherwise False.
+        """
+        return self._is_alt_screen
+
+    def set_window_title(self, title: str) -> bool:
+        """Set the title of the console terminal window.
+
+        Warning: There is no means within Rich of "resetting" the window title to its
+        previous value, meaning the title you set will persist even after your application
+        exits.
+
+        ``fish`` shell resets the window title before and after each command by default,
+        negating this issue. Windows Terminal and command prompt will also reset the title for you.
+        Most other shells and terminals, however, do not do this.
+
+        Some terminals may require configuration changes before you can set the title.
+        Some terminals may not support setting the title at all.
+
+        Other software (including the terminal itself, the shell, custom prompts, plugins, etc.)
+        may also set the terminal window title. This could result in whatever value you write
+        using this method being overwritten.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new title of the terminal window.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the control code to change the terminal title was
+                written, otherwise False. Note that a return value of True
+                does not guarantee that the window title has actually changed,
+                since the feature may be unsupported/disabled in some terminals.
+        """
+        if self.is_terminal:
+            self.control(Control.title(title))
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def screen(
+        self, hide_cursor: bool = True, style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    ) -> "ScreenContext":
+        """Context manager to enable and disable 'alternative screen' mode.
+
+        Args:
+            hide_cursor (bool, optional): Also hide the cursor. Defaults to False.
+            style (Style, optional): Optional style for screen. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ScreenContext: Context which enables alternate screen on enter, and disables it on exit.
+        """
+        return ScreenContext(self, hide_cursor=hide_cursor, style=style or "")
+
+    def measure(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType, *, options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        """Measure a renderable. Returns a :class:`~rich.measure.Measurement` object which contains
+        information regarding the number of characters required to print the renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable or string.
+            options (Optional[ConsoleOptions], optional): Options to use when measuring, or None
+                to use default options. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: A measurement of the renderable.
+        """
+        measurement = Measurement.get(self, options or self.options, renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+    def render(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType, options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """Render an object in to an iterable of `Segment` instances.
+
+        This method contains the logic for rendering objects with the console protocol.
+        You are unlikely to need to use it directly, unless you are extending the library.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): An object supporting the console protocol, or
+                an object that may be converted to a string.
+            options (ConsoleOptions, optional): An options object, or None to use self.options. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: An iterable of segments that may be rendered.
+        """
+
+        _options = options or self.options
+        if _options.max_width < 1:
+            # No space to render anything. This prevents potential recursion errors.
+            return
+        render_iterable: RenderResult
+
+        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+        if hasattr(renderable, "__rich_console__") and not isclass(renderable):
+            render_iterable = renderable.__rich_console__(self, _options)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        elif isinstance(renderable, str):
+            text_renderable = self.render_str(
+                renderable, highlight=_options.highlight, markup=_options.markup
+            )
+            render_iterable = text_renderable.__rich_console__(self, _options)
+        else:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"Unable to render {renderable!r}; "
+                "A str, Segment or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            iter_render = iter(render_iterable)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"object {render_iterable!r} is not renderable"
+            )
+        _Segment = Segment
+        _options = _options.reset_height()
+        for render_output in iter_render:
+            if isinstance(render_output, _Segment):
+                yield render_output
+            else:
+                yield from self.render(render_output, _options)
+
+    def render_lines(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None,
+        *,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List[Segment]]:
+        """Render objects in to a list of lines.
+
+        The output of render_lines is useful when further formatting of rendered console text
+        is required, such as the Panel class which draws a border around any renderable object.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any object renderable in the console.
+            options (Optional[ConsoleOptions], optional): Console options, or None to use self.options. Default to ``None``.
+            style (Style, optional): Optional style to apply to renderables. Defaults to ``None``.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad lines shorter than render width. Defaults to ``True``.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Include "\n" characters at end of lines.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: A list of lines, where a line is a list of Segment objects.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            render_options = options or self.options
+            _rendered = self.render(renderable, render_options)
+            if style:
+                _rendered = Segment.apply_style(_rendered, style)
+
+            render_height = render_options.height
+            if render_height is not None:
+                render_height = max(0, render_height)
+
+            lines = list(
+                islice(
+                    Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                        _rendered,
+                        render_options.max_width,
+                        include_new_lines=new_lines,
+                        pad=pad,
+                        style=style,
+                    ),
+                    None,
+                    render_height,
+                )
+            )
+            if render_options.height is not None:
+                extra_lines = render_options.height - len(lines)
+                if extra_lines > 0:
+                    pad_line = [
+                        [Segment(" " * render_options.max_width, style), Segment("\n")]
+                        if new_lines
+                        else [Segment(" " * render_options.max_width, style)]
+                    ]
+                    lines.extend(pad_line * extra_lines)
+
+            return lines
+
+    def render_str(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlighter: Optional[HighlighterType] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Convert a string to a Text instance. This is called automatically if
+        you print or log a string.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): Text to render.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style to apply to rendered text.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "center", "full", or "right". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable highlighting, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Optional highlighter to apply.
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable object.
+
+        """
+        emoji_enabled = emoji or (emoji is None and self._emoji)
+        markup_enabled = markup or (markup is None and self._markup)
+        highlight_enabled = highlight or (highlight is None and self._highlight)
+
+        if markup_enabled:
+            rich_text = render_markup(
+                text,
+                style=style,
+                emoji=emoji_enabled,
+                emoji_variant=self._emoji_variant,
+            )
+            rich_text.justify = justify
+            rich_text.overflow = overflow
+        else:
+            rich_text = Text(
+                _emoji_replace(text, default_variant=self._emoji_variant)
+                if emoji_enabled
+                else text,
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                style=style,
+            )
+
+        _highlighter = (highlighter or self.highlighter) if highlight_enabled else None
+        if _highlighter is not None:
+            highlight_text = _highlighter(str(rich_text))
+            highlight_text.copy_styles(rich_text)
+            return highlight_text
+
+        return rich_text
+
+    def get_style(
+        self, name: Union[str, Style], *, default: Optional[Union[Style, str]] = None
+    ) -> Style:
+        """Get a Style instance by its theme name or parse a definition.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The name of a style or a style definition.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style object.
+
+        Raises:
+            MissingStyle: If no style could be parsed from name.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(name, Style):
+            return name
+
+        try:
+            style = self._theme_stack.get(name)
+            if style is None:
+                style = Style.parse(name)
+            return style.copy() if style.link else style
+        except errors.StyleSyntaxError as error:
+            if default is not None:
+                return self.get_style(default)
+            raise errors.MissingStyle(
+                f"Failed to get style {name!r}; {error}"
+            ) from None
+
+    def _collect_renderables(
+        self,
+        objects: Iterable[Any],
+        sep: str,
+        end: str,
+        *,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Combine a number of renderables and text into one renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (Iterable[Any]): Anything that Rich can render.
+            sep (str): String to write between print data.
+            end (str): String to write at end of print data.
+            justify (str, optional): One of "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[ConsoleRenderable]: A list of things to render.
+        """
+        renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable] = []
+        _append = renderables.append
+        text: List[Text] = []
+        append_text = text.append
+
+        append = _append
+        if justify in ("left", "center", "right"):
+
+            def align_append(renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+                _append(Align(renderable, cast(AlignMethod, justify)))
+
+            append = align_append
+
+        _highlighter: HighlighterType = _null_highlighter
+        if highlight or (highlight is None and self._highlight):
+            _highlighter = self.highlighter
+
+        def check_text() -> None:
+            if text:
+                sep_text = Text(sep, justify=justify, end=end)
+                append(sep_text.join(text))
+                text.clear()
+
+        for renderable in objects:
+            renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+            if isinstance(renderable, str):
+                append_text(
+                    self.render_str(
+                        renderable, emoji=emoji, markup=markup, highlighter=_highlighter
+                    )
+                )
+            elif isinstance(renderable, Text):
+                append_text(renderable)
+            elif isinstance(renderable, ConsoleRenderable):
+                check_text()
+                append(renderable)
+            elif is_expandable(renderable):
+                check_text()
+                append(Pretty(renderable, highlighter=_highlighter))
+            else:
+                append_text(_highlighter(str(renderable)))
+
+        check_text()
+
+        if self.style is not None:
+            style = self.get_style(self.style)
+            renderables = [Styled(renderable, style) for renderable in renderables]
+
+        return renderables
+
+    def rule(
+        self,
+        title: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        characters: str = "─",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "rule.line",
+        align: AlignMethod = "center",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Draw a line with optional centered title.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str, optional): Text to render over the rule. Defaults to "".
+            characters (str, optional): Character(s) to form the line. Defaults to "─".
+            style (str, optional): Style of line. Defaults to "rule.line".
+            align (str, optional): How to align the title, one of "left", "center", or "right". Defaults to "center".
+        """
+        from .rule import Rule
+
+        rule = Rule(title=title, characters=characters, style=style, align=align)
+        self.print(rule)
+
+    def control(self, *control: Control) -> None:
+        """Insert non-printing control codes.
+
+        Args:
+            control_codes (str): Control codes, such as those that may move the cursor.
+        """
+        if not self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            with self:
+                self._buffer.extend(_control.segment for _control in control)
+
+    def out(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Output to the terminal. This is a low-level way of writing to the terminal which unlike
+        :meth:`~rich.console.Console.print` won't pretty print, wrap text, or apply markup, but will
+        optionally apply highlighting and a basic style.
+
+        Args:
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use
+                console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+        """
+        raw_output: str = sep.join(str(_object) for _object in objects)
+        self.print(
+            raw_output,
+            style=style,
+            highlight=highlight,
+            emoji=False,
+            markup=False,
+            no_wrap=True,
+            overflow="ignore",
+            crop=False,
+            end=end,
+        )
+
+    def print(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        crop: bool = True,
+        soft_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        new_line_start: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Print to the console.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (positional args): Objects to log to the terminal.
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "ignore", "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Disable word wrapping. Defaults to None.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Width of output, or ``None`` to auto-detect. Defaults to ``None``.
+            crop (Optional[bool], optional): Crop output to width of terminal. Defaults to True.
+            soft_wrap (bool, optional): Enable soft wrap mode which disables word wrapping and cropping of text or ``None`` for
+                Console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            new_line_start (bool, False): Insert a new line at the start if the output contains more than one line. Defaults to ``False``.
+        """
+        if not objects:
+            objects = (NewLine(),)
+
+        if soft_wrap is None:
+            soft_wrap = self.soft_wrap
+        if soft_wrap:
+            if no_wrap is None:
+                no_wrap = True
+            if overflow is None:
+                overflow = "ignore"
+            crop = False
+        render_hooks = self._render_hooks[:]
+        with self:
+            renderables = self._collect_renderables(
+                objects,
+                sep,
+                end,
+                justify=justify,
+                emoji=emoji,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+            for hook in render_hooks:
+                renderables = hook.process_renderables(renderables)
+            render_options = self.options.update(
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                width=min(width, self.width) if width is not None else NO_CHANGE,
+                height=height,
+                no_wrap=no_wrap,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+
+            new_segments: List[Segment] = []
+            extend = new_segments.extend
+            render = self.render
+            if style is None:
+                for renderable in renderables:
+                    extend(render(renderable, render_options))
+            else:
+                for renderable in renderables:
+                    extend(
+                        Segment.apply_style(
+                            render(renderable, render_options), self.get_style(style)
+                        )
+                    )
+            if new_line_start:
+                if (
+                    len("".join(segment.text for segment in new_segments).splitlines())
+                    > 1
+                ):
+                    new_segments.insert(0, Segment.line())
+            if crop:
+                buffer_extend = self._buffer.extend
+                for line in Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                    new_segments, self.width, pad=False
+                ):
+                    buffer_extend(line)
+            else:
+                self._buffer.extend(new_segments)
+
+    def print_json(
+        self,
+        json: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        data: Any = None,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Pretty prints JSON. Output will be valid JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            json (Optional[str]): A string containing JSON.
+            data (Any): If json is not supplied, then encode this data.
+            indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 2.
+            highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting of output: Defaults to True.
+            skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+            ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+            check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+            allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+                in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+            sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        from pip._vendor.rich.json import JSON
+
+        if json is None:
+            json_renderable = JSON.from_data(
+                data,
+                indent=indent,
+                highlight=highlight,
+                skip_keys=skip_keys,
+                ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+                check_circular=check_circular,
+                allow_nan=allow_nan,
+                default=default,
+                sort_keys=sort_keys,
+            )
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(json, str):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"json must be str. Did you mean print_json(data={json!r}) ?"
+                )
+            json_renderable = JSON(
+                json,
+                indent=indent,
+                highlight=highlight,
+                skip_keys=skip_keys,
+                ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+                check_circular=check_circular,
+                allow_nan=allow_nan,
+                default=default,
+                sort_keys=sort_keys,
+            )
+        self.print(json_renderable, soft_wrap=True)
+
+    def update_screen(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        region: Optional[Region] = None,
+        options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the screen at a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): A Rich renderable.
+            region (Region, optional): Region of screen to update, or None for entire screen. Defaults to None.
+            x (int, optional): x offset. Defaults to 0.
+            y (int, optional): y offset. Defaults to 0.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NoAltScreen: If the Console isn't in alt screen mode.
+
+        """
+        if not self.is_alt_screen:
+            raise errors.NoAltScreen("Alt screen must be enabled to call update_screen")
+        render_options = options or self.options
+        if region is None:
+            x = y = 0
+            render_options = render_options.update_dimensions(
+                render_options.max_width, render_options.height or self.height
+            )
+        else:
+            x, y, width, height = region
+            render_options = render_options.update_dimensions(width, height)
+
+        lines = self.render_lines(renderable, options=render_options)
+        self.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)
+
+    def update_screen_lines(
+        self, lines: List[List[Segment]], x: int = 0, y: int = 0
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update lines of the screen at a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): Rendered lines (as produced by :meth:`~rich.Console.render_lines`).
+            x (int, optional): x offset (column no). Defaults to 0.
+            y (int, optional): y offset (column no). Defaults to 0.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NoAltScreen: If the Console isn't in alt screen mode.
+        """
+        if not self.is_alt_screen:
+            raise errors.NoAltScreen("Alt screen must be enabled to call update_screen")
+        screen_update = ScreenUpdate(lines, x, y)
+        segments = self.render(screen_update)
+        self._buffer.extend(segments)
+        self._check_buffer()
+
+    def print_exception(
+        self,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prints a rich render of the last exception and traceback.
+
+        Args:
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render code. Defaults to 100.
+            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+        """
+        from .traceback import Traceback
+
+        traceback = Traceback(
+            width=width,
+            extra_lines=extra_lines,
+            theme=theme,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            suppress=suppress,
+            max_frames=max_frames,
+        )
+        self.print(traceback)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _caller_frame_info(
+        offset: int,
+        currentframe: Callable[[], Optional[FrameType]] = inspect.currentframe,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, int, Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get caller frame information.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): the caller offset within the current frame stack.
+            currentframe (Callable[[], Optional[FrameType]], optional): the callable to use to
+                retrieve the current frame. Defaults to ``inspect.currentframe``.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[str, int, Dict[str, Any]]: A tuple containing the filename, the line number and
+                the dictionary of local variables associated with the caller frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the stack offset is invalid.
+        """
+        # Ignore the frame of this local helper
+        offset += 1
+
+        frame = currentframe()
+        if frame is not None:
+            # Use the faster currentframe where implemented
+            while offset and frame is not None:
+                frame = frame.f_back
+                offset -= 1
+            assert frame is not None
+            return frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno, frame.f_locals
+        else:
+            # Fallback to the slower stack
+            frame_info = inspect.stack()[offset]
+            return frame_info.filename, frame_info.lineno, frame_info.frame.f_locals
+
+    def log(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        log_locals: bool = False,
+        _stack_offset: int = 1,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Log rich content to the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (positional args): Objects to log to the terminal.
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): One of "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            log_locals (bool, optional): Boolean to enable logging of locals where ``log()``
+                was called. Defaults to False.
+            _stack_offset (int, optional): Offset of caller from end of call stack. Defaults to 1.
+        """
+        if not objects:
+            objects = (NewLine(),)
+
+        render_hooks = self._render_hooks[:]
+
+        with self:
+            renderables = self._collect_renderables(
+                objects,
+                sep,
+                end,
+                justify=justify,
+                emoji=emoji,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+            if style is not None:
+                renderables = [Styled(renderable, style) for renderable in renderables]
+
+            filename, line_no, locals = self._caller_frame_info(_stack_offset)
+            link_path = None if filename.startswith("<") else os.path.abspath(filename)
+            path = filename.rpartition(os.sep)[-1]
+            if log_locals:
+                locals_map = {
+                    key: value
+                    for key, value in locals.items()
+                    if not key.startswith("__")
+                }
+                renderables.append(render_scope(locals_map, title="[i]locals"))
+
+            renderables = [
+                self._log_render(
+                    self,
+                    renderables,
+                    log_time=self.get_datetime(),
+                    path=path,
+                    line_no=line_no,
+                    link_path=link_path,
+                )
+            ]
+            for hook in render_hooks:
+                renderables = hook.process_renderables(renderables)
+            new_segments: List[Segment] = []
+            extend = new_segments.extend
+            render = self.render
+            render_options = self.options
+            for renderable in renderables:
+                extend(render(renderable, render_options))
+            buffer_extend = self._buffer.extend
+            for line in Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                new_segments, self.width, pad=False
+            ):
+                buffer_extend(line)
+
+    def _check_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Check if the buffer may be rendered. Render it if it can (e.g. Console.quiet is False)
+        Rendering is supported on Windows, Unix and Jupyter environments. For
+        legacy Windows consoles, the win32 API is called directly.
+        This method will also record what it renders if recording is enabled via Console.record.
+        """
+        if self.quiet:
+            del self._buffer[:]
+            return
+        with self._lock:
+            if self.record:
+                with self._record_buffer_lock:
+                    self._record_buffer.extend(self._buffer[:])
+
+            if self._buffer_index == 0:
+                if self.is_jupyter:  # pragma: no cover
+                    from .jupyter import display
+
+                    display(self._buffer, self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:]))
+                    del self._buffer[:]
+                else:
+                    if WINDOWS:
+                        use_legacy_windows_render = False
+                        if self.legacy_windows:
+                            fileno = get_fileno(self.file)
+                            if fileno is not None:
+                                use_legacy_windows_render = (
+                                    fileno in _STD_STREAMS_OUTPUT
+                                )
+
+                        if use_legacy_windows_render:
+                            from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import LegacyWindowsTerm
+                            from pip._vendor.rich._windows_renderer import legacy_windows_render
+
+                            buffer = self._buffer[:]
+                            if self.no_color and self._color_system:
+                                buffer = list(Segment.remove_color(buffer))
+
+                            legacy_windows_render(buffer, LegacyWindowsTerm(self.file))
+                        else:
+                            # Either a non-std stream on legacy Windows, or modern Windows.
+                            text = self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:])
+                            # https://bugs.python.org/issue37871
+                            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82052
+                            # We need to avoid writing more than 32Kb in a single write, due to the above bug
+                            write = self.file.write
+                            # Worse case scenario, every character is 4 bytes of utf-8
+                            MAX_WRITE = 32 * 1024 // 4
+                            try:
+                                if len(text) <= MAX_WRITE:
+                                    write(text)
+                                else:
+                                    batch: List[str] = []
+                                    batch_append = batch.append
+                                    size = 0
+                                    for line in text.splitlines(True):
+                                        if size + len(line) > MAX_WRITE and batch:
+                                            write("".join(batch))
+                                            batch.clear()
+                                            size = 0
+                                        batch_append(line)
+                                        size += len(line)
+                                    if batch:
+                                        write("".join(batch))
+                                        batch.clear()
+                            except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
+                                error.reason = f"{error.reason}\n*** You may need to add PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 to your environment ***"
+                                raise
+                    else:
+                        text = self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:])
+                        try:
+                            self.file.write(text)
+                        except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
+                            error.reason = f"{error.reason}\n*** You may need to add PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 to your environment ***"
+                            raise
+
+                    self.file.flush()
+                    del self._buffer[:]
+
+    def _render_buffer(self, buffer: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
+        """Render buffered output, and clear buffer."""
+        output: List[str] = []
+        append = output.append
+        color_system = self._color_system
+        legacy_windows = self.legacy_windows
+        not_terminal = not self.is_terminal
+        if self.no_color and color_system:
+            buffer = Segment.remove_color(buffer)
+        for text, style, control in buffer:
+            if style:
+                append(
+                    style.render(
+                        text,
+                        color_system=color_system,
+                        legacy_windows=legacy_windows,
+                    )
+                )
+            elif not (not_terminal and control):
+                append(text)
+
+        rendered = "".join(output)
+        return rendered
+
+    def input(
+        self,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        markup: bool = True,
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        password: bool = False,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Displays a prompt and waits for input from the user. The prompt may contain color / style.
+
+        It works in the same way as Python's builtin :func:`input` function and provides elaborate line editing and history features if Python's builtin :mod:`readline` module is previously loaded.
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (Union[str, Text]): Text to render in the prompt.
+            markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup (requires a str prompt). Defaults to True.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Enable emoji (requires a str prompt). Defaults to True.
+            password: (bool, optional): Hide typed text. Defaults to False.
+            stream: (TextIO, optional): Optional file to read input from (rather than stdin). Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Text read from stdin.
+        """
+        if prompt:
+            self.print(prompt, markup=markup, emoji=emoji, end="")
+        if password:
+            result = getpass("", stream=stream)
+        else:
+            if stream:
+                result = stream.readline()
+            else:
+                result = input()
+        return result
+
+    def export_text(self, *, clear: bool = True, styles: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Generate text from console contents (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            styles (bool, optional): If ``True``, ansi escape codes will be included. ``False`` for plain text.
+                Defaults to ``False``.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing console contents.
+
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.record
+        ), "To export console contents set record=True in the constructor or instance"
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            if styles:
+                text = "".join(
+                    (style.render(text) if style else text)
+                    for text, style, _ in self._record_buffer
+                )
+            else:
+                text = "".join(
+                    segment.text
+                    for segment in self._record_buffer
+                    if not segment.control
+                )
+            if clear:
+                del self._record_buffer[:]
+        return text
+
+    def save_text(self, path: str, *, clear: bool = True, styles: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Generate text from console and save to a given location (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to write text files.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            styles (bool, optional): If ``True``, ansi style codes will be included. ``False`` for plain text.
+                Defaults to ``False``.
+
+        """
+        text = self.export_text(clear=clear, styles=styles)
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(text)
+
+    def export_html(
+        self,
+        *,
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: Optional[str] = None,
+        inline_styles: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Generate HTML from console contents (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): TerminalTheme object containing console colors.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string to render HTML. In addition to '{foreground}',
+                '{background}', and '{code}', should contain '{stylesheet}' if inline_styles is ``False``.
+            inline_styles (bool, optional): If ``True`` styles will be inlined in to spans, which makes files
+                larger but easier to cut and paste markup. If ``False``, styles will be embedded in a style tag.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing console contents as HTML.
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.record
+        ), "To export console contents set record=True in the constructor or instance"
+        fragments: List[str] = []
+        append = fragments.append
+        _theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        stylesheet = ""
+
+        render_code_format = CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT if code_format is None else code_format
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            if inline_styles:
+                for text, style, _ in Segment.filter_control(
+                    Segment.simplify(self._record_buffer)
+                ):
+                    text = escape(text)
+                    if style:
+                        rule = style.get_html_style(_theme)
+                        if style.link:
+                            text = f'<a href="{style.link}">{text}</a>'
+                        text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
+                    append(text)
+            else:
+                styles: Dict[str, int] = {}
+                for text, style, _ in Segment.filter_control(
+                    Segment.simplify(self._record_buffer)
+                ):
+                    text = escape(text)
+                    if style:
+                        rule = style.get_html_style(_theme)
+                        style_number = styles.setdefault(rule, len(styles) + 1)
+                        if style.link:
+                            text = f'<a class="r{style_number}" href="{style.link}">{text}</a>'
+                        else:
+                            text = f'<span class="r{style_number}">{text}</span>'
+                    append(text)
+                stylesheet_rules: List[str] = []
+                stylesheet_append = stylesheet_rules.append
+                for style_rule, style_number in styles.items():
+                    if style_rule:
+                        stylesheet_append(f".r{style_number} {{{style_rule}}}")
+                stylesheet = "\n".join(stylesheet_rules)
+
+            rendered_code = render_code_format.format(
+                code="".join(fragments),
+                stylesheet=stylesheet,
+                foreground=_theme.foreground_color.hex,
+                background=_theme.background_color.hex,
+            )
+            if clear:
+                del self._record_buffer[:]
+        return rendered_code
+
+    def save_html(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT,
+        inline_styles: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Generate HTML from console contents and write to a file (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to write html file.
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): TerminalTheme object containing console colors.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string to render HTML. In addition to '{foreground}',
+                '{background}', and '{code}', should contain '{stylesheet}' if inline_styles is ``False``.
+            inline_styles (bool, optional): If ``True`` styles will be inlined in to spans, which makes files
+                larger but easier to cut and paste markup. If ``False``, styles will be embedded in a style tag.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        """
+        html = self.export_html(
+            theme=theme,
+            clear=clear,
+            code_format=code_format,
+            inline_styles=inline_styles,
+        )
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(html)
+
+    def export_svg(
+        self,
+        *,
+        title: str = "Rich",
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT,
+        font_aspect_ratio: float = 0.61,
+        unique_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Generate an SVG from the console contents (requires record=True in Console constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            title (str, optional): The title of the tab in the output image
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): The ``TerminalTheme`` object to use to style the terminal
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string used to generate the SVG. Rich will inject a number of variables
+                into the string in order to form the final SVG output. The default template used and the variables
+                injected by Rich can be found by inspecting the ``console.CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT`` variable.
+            font_aspect_ratio (float, optional): The width to height ratio of the font used in the ``code_format``
+                string. Defaults to 0.61, which is the width to height ratio of Fira Code (the default font).
+                If you aren't specifying a different font inside ``code_format``, you probably don't need this.
+            unique_id (str, optional): unique id that is used as the prefix for various elements (CSS styles, node
+                ids). If not set, this defaults to a computed value based on the recorded content.
+        """
+
+        from pip._vendor.rich.cells import cell_len
+
+        style_cache: Dict[Style, str] = {}
+
+        def get_svg_style(style: Style) -> str:
+            """Convert a Style to CSS rules for SVG."""
+            if style in style_cache:
+                return style_cache[style]
+            css_rules = []
+            color = (
+                _theme.foreground_color
+                if (style.color is None or style.color.is_default)
+                else style.color.get_truecolor(_theme)
+            )
+            bgcolor = (
+                _theme.background_color
+                if (style.bgcolor is None or style.bgcolor.is_default)
+                else style.bgcolor.get_truecolor(_theme)
+            )
+            if style.reverse:
+                color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+            if style.dim:
+                color = blend_rgb(color, bgcolor, 0.4)
+            css_rules.append(f"fill: {color.hex}")
+            if style.bold:
+                css_rules.append("font-weight: bold")
+            if style.italic:
+                css_rules.append("font-style: italic;")
+            if style.underline:
+                css_rules.append("text-decoration: underline;")
+            if style.strike:
+                css_rules.append("text-decoration: line-through;")
+
+            css = ";".join(css_rules)
+            style_cache[style] = css
+            return css
+
+        _theme = theme or SVG_EXPORT_THEME
+
+        width = self.width
+        char_height = 20
+        char_width = char_height * font_aspect_ratio
+        line_height = char_height * 1.22
+
+        margin_top = 1
+        margin_right = 1
+        margin_bottom = 1
+        margin_left = 1
+
+        padding_top = 40
+        padding_right = 8
+        padding_bottom = 8
+        padding_left = 8
+
+        padding_width = padding_left + padding_right
+        padding_height = padding_top + padding_bottom
+        margin_width = margin_left + margin_right
+        margin_height = margin_top + margin_bottom
+
+        text_backgrounds: List[str] = []
+        text_group: List[str] = []
+        classes: Dict[str, int] = {}
+        style_no = 1
+
+        def escape_text(text: str) -> str:
+            """HTML escape text and replace spaces with nbsp."""
+            return escape(text).replace(" ", "&#160;")
+
+        def make_tag(
+            name: str, content: Optional[str] = None, **attribs: object
+        ) -> str:
+            """Make a tag from name, content, and attributes."""
+
+            def stringify(value: object) -> str:
+                if isinstance(value, (float)):
+                    return format(value, "g")
+                return str(value)
+
+            tag_attribs = " ".join(
+                f'{k.lstrip("_").replace("_", "-")}="{stringify(v)}"'
+                for k, v in attribs.items()
+            )
+            return (
+                f"<{name} {tag_attribs}>{content}</{name}>"
+                if content
+                else f"<{name} {tag_attribs}/>"
+            )
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            segments = list(Segment.filter_control(self._record_buffer))
+            if clear:
+                self._record_buffer.clear()
+
+        if unique_id is None:
+            unique_id = "terminal-" + str(
+                zlib.adler32(
+                    ("".join(repr(segment) for segment in segments)).encode(
+                        "utf-8",
+                        "ignore",
+                    )
+                    + title.encode("utf-8", "ignore")
+                )
+            )
+        y = 0
+        for y, line in enumerate(Segment.split_and_crop_lines(segments, length=width)):
+            x = 0
+            for text, style, _control in line:
+                style = style or Style()
+                rules = get_svg_style(style)
+                if rules not in classes:
+                    classes[rules] = style_no
+                    style_no += 1
+                class_name = f"r{classes[rules]}"
+
+                if style.reverse:
+                    has_background = True
+                    background = (
+                        _theme.foreground_color.hex
+                        if style.color is None
+                        else style.color.get_truecolor(_theme).hex
+                    )
+                else:
+                    bgcolor = style.bgcolor
+                    has_background = bgcolor is not None and not bgcolor.is_default
+                    background = (
+                        _theme.background_color.hex
+                        if style.bgcolor is None
+                        else style.bgcolor.get_truecolor(_theme).hex
+                    )
+
+                text_length = cell_len(text)
+                if has_background:
+                    text_backgrounds.append(
+                        make_tag(
+                            "rect",
+                            fill=background,
+                            x=x * char_width,
+                            y=y * line_height + 1.5,
+                            width=char_width * text_length,
+                            height=line_height + 0.25,
+                            shape_rendering="crispEdges",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                if text != " " * len(text):
+                    text_group.append(
+                        make_tag(
+                            "text",
+                            escape_text(text),
+                            _class=f"{unique_id}-{class_name}",
+                            x=x * char_width,
+                            y=y * line_height + char_height,
+                            textLength=char_width * len(text),
+                            clip_path=f"url(#{unique_id}-line-{y})",
+                        )
+                    )
+                x += cell_len(text)
+
+        line_offsets = [line_no * line_height + 1.5 for line_no in range(y)]
+        lines = "\n".join(
+            f"""<clipPath id="{unique_id}-line-{line_no}">
+    {make_tag("rect", x=0, y=offset, width=char_width * width, height=line_height + 0.25)}
+            </clipPath>"""
+            for line_no, offset in enumerate(line_offsets)
+        )
+
+        styles = "\n".join(
+            f".{unique_id}-r{rule_no} {{ {css} }}" for css, rule_no in classes.items()
+        )
+        backgrounds = "".join(text_backgrounds)
+        matrix = "".join(text_group)
+
+        terminal_width = ceil(width * char_width + padding_width)
+        terminal_height = (y + 1) * line_height + padding_height
+        chrome = make_tag(
+            "rect",
+            fill=_theme.background_color.hex,
+            stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.35)",
+            stroke_width="1",
+            x=margin_left,
+            y=margin_top,
+            width=terminal_width,
+            height=terminal_height,
+            rx=8,
+        )
+
+        title_color = _theme.foreground_color.hex
+        if title:
+            chrome += make_tag(
+                "text",
+                escape_text(title),
+                _class=f"{unique_id}-title",
+                fill=title_color,
+                text_anchor="middle",
+                x=terminal_width // 2,
+                y=margin_top + char_height + 6,
+            )
+        chrome += f"""
+            <g transform="translate(26,22)">
+            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#ff5f57"/>
+            <circle cx="22" cy="0" r="7" fill="#febc2e"/>
+            <circle cx="44" cy="0" r="7" fill="#28c840"/>
+            </g>
+        """
+
+        svg = code_format.format(
+            unique_id=unique_id,
+            char_width=char_width,
+            char_height=char_height,
+            line_height=line_height,
+            terminal_width=char_width * width - 1,
+            terminal_height=(y + 1) * line_height - 1,
+            width=terminal_width + margin_width,
+            height=terminal_height + margin_height,
+            terminal_x=margin_left + padding_left,
+            terminal_y=margin_top + padding_top,
+            styles=styles,
+            chrome=chrome,
+            backgrounds=backgrounds,
+            matrix=matrix,
+            lines=lines,
+        )
+        return svg
+
+    def save_svg(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        title: str = "Rich",
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT,
+        font_aspect_ratio: float = 0.61,
+        unique_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Generate an SVG file from the console contents (requires record=True in Console constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): The path to write the SVG to.
+            title (str, optional): The title of the tab in the output image
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): The ``TerminalTheme`` object to use to style the terminal
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string used to generate the SVG. Rich will inject a number of variables
+                into the string in order to form the final SVG output. The default template used and the variables
+                injected by Rich can be found by inspecting the ``console.CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT`` variable.
+            font_aspect_ratio (float, optional): The width to height ratio of the font used in the ``code_format``
+                string. Defaults to 0.61, which is the width to height ratio of Fira Code (the default font).
+                If you aren't specifying a different font inside ``code_format``, you probably don't need this.
+            unique_id (str, optional): unique id that is used as the prefix for various elements (CSS styles, node
+                ids). If not set, this defaults to a computed value based on the recorded content.
+        """
+        svg = self.export_svg(
+            title=title,
+            theme=theme,
+            clear=clear,
+            code_format=code_format,
+            font_aspect_ratio=font_aspect_ratio,
+            unique_id=unique_id,
+        )
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(svg)
+
+
+def _svg_hash(svg_main_code: str) -> str:
+    """Returns a unique hash for the given SVG main code.
+
+    Args:
+        svg_main_code (str): The content we're going to inject in the SVG envelope.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: a hash of the given content
+    """
+    return str(zlib.adler32(svg_main_code.encode()))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    console.log(
+        "JSONRPC [i]request[/i]",
+        5,
+        1.3,
+        True,
+        False,
+        None,
+        {
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "subtract",
+            "params": {"minuend": 42, "subtrahend": 23},
+            "id": 3,
+        },
+    )
+
+    console.log("Hello, World!", "{'a': 1}", repr(console))
+
+    console.print(
+        {
+            "name": None,
+            "empty": [],
+            "quiz": {
+                "sport": {
+                    "answered": True,
+                    "q1": {
+                        "question": "Which one is correct team name in NBA?",
+                        "options": [
+                            "New York Bulls",
+                            "Los Angeles Kings",
+                            "Golden State Warriors",
+                            "Huston Rocket",
+                        ],
+                        "answer": "Huston Rocket",
+                    },
+                },
+                "maths": {
+                    "answered": False,
+                    "q1": {
+                        "question": "5 + 7 = ?",
+                        "options": [10, 11, 12, 13],
+                        "answer": 12,
+                    },
+                    "q2": {
+                        "question": "12 - 8 = ?",
+                        "options": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                        "answer": 4,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65fdf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+
+class Constrain(JupyterMixin):
+    """Constrain the width of a renderable to a given number of characters.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A renderable object.
+        width (int, optional): The maximum width (in characters) to render. Defaults to 80.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, renderable: "RenderableType", width: Optional[int] = 80) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.width = width
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.width is None:
+            yield self.renderable
+        else:
+            child_options = options.update_width(min(self.width, options.max_width))
+            yield from console.render(self.renderable, child_options)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        if self.width is not None:
+            options = options.update_width(self.width)
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e29cf36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from typing import (
+    Iterator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderResult,
+        RenderableType,
+    )
+    from .text import Text
+
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .measure import Measurement
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Renderables:
+    """A list subclass which renders its contents to the console."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, renderables: Optional[Iterable["RenderableType"]] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self._renderables: List["RenderableType"] = (
+            list(renderables) if renderables is not None else []
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        """Console render method to insert line-breaks."""
+        yield from self._renderables
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        dimensions = [
+            Measurement.get(console, options, renderable)
+            for renderable in self._renderables
+        ]
+        if not dimensions:
+            return Measurement(1, 1)
+        _min = max(dimension.minimum for dimension in dimensions)
+        _max = max(dimension.maximum for dimension in dimensions)
+        return Measurement(_min, _max)
+
+    def append(self, renderable: "RenderableType") -> None:
+        self._renderables.append(renderable)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterable["RenderableType"]:
+        return iter(self._renderables)
+
+
+class Lines:
+    """A list subclass which can render to the console."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: Iterable["Text"] = ()) -> None:
+        self._lines: List["Text"] = list(lines)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Lines({self._lines!r})"
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator["Text"]:
+        return iter(self._lines)
+
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> "Text":
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: slice) -> List["Text"]:
+        ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Union[slice, int]) -> Union["Text", List["Text"]]:
+        return self._lines[index]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index: int, value: "Text") -> "Lines":
+        self._lines[index] = value
+        return self
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._lines.__len__()
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        """Console render method to insert line-breaks."""
+        yield from self._lines
+
+    def append(self, line: "Text") -> None:
+        self._lines.append(line)
+
+    def extend(self, lines: Iterable["Text"]) -> None:
+        self._lines.extend(lines)
+
+    def pop(self, index: int = -1) -> "Text":
+        return self._lines.pop(index)
+
+    def justify(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        width: int,
+        justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left",
+        overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "fold",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Justify and overflow text to a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Number of characters per line.
+            justify (str, optional): Default justify method for text: "left", "center", "full" or "right". Defaults to "left".
+            overflow (str, optional): Default overflow for text: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to "fold".
+
+        """
+        from .text import Text
+
+        if justify == "left":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow, pad=True)
+        elif justify == "center":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.rstrip()
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow)
+                line.pad_left((width - cell_len(line.plain)) // 2)
+                line.pad_right(width - cell_len(line.plain))
+        elif justify == "right":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.rstrip()
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow)
+                line.pad_left(width - cell_len(line.plain))
+        elif justify == "full":
+            for line_index, line in enumerate(self._lines):
+                if line_index == len(self._lines) - 1:
+                    break
+                words = line.split(" ")
+                words_size = sum(cell_len(word.plain) for word in words)
+                num_spaces = len(words) - 1
+                spaces = [1 for _ in range(num_spaces)]
+                index = 0
+                if spaces:
+                    while words_size + num_spaces < width:
+                        spaces[len(spaces) - index - 1] += 1
+                        num_spaces += 1
+                        index = (index + 1) % len(spaces)
+                tokens: List[Text] = []
+                for index, (word, next_word) in enumerate(
+                    zip_longest(words, words[1:])
+                ):
+                    tokens.append(word)
+                    if index < len(spaces):
+                        style = word.get_style_at_offset(console, -1)
+                        next_style = next_word.get_style_at_offset(console, 0)
+                        space_style = style if style == next_style else line.style
+                        tokens.append(Text(" " * spaces[index], style=space_style))
+                self[line_index] = Text("").join(tokens)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88fcb92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Union
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Final
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Final  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .segment import ControlCode, ControlType, Segment
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+STRIP_CONTROL_CODES: Final = [
+    7,  # Bell
+    8,  # Backspace
+    11,  # Vertical tab
+    12,  # Form feed
+    13,  # Carriage return
+]
+_CONTROL_STRIP_TRANSLATE: Final = {
+    _codepoint: None for _codepoint in STRIP_CONTROL_CODES
+}
+
+CONTROL_ESCAPE: Final = {
+    7: "\\a",
+    8: "\\b",
+    11: "\\v",
+    12: "\\f",
+    13: "\\r",
+}
+
+CONTROL_CODES_FORMAT: Dict[int, Callable[..., str]] = {
+    ControlType.BELL: lambda: "\x07",
+    ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN: lambda: "\r",
+    ControlType.HOME: lambda: "\x1b[H",
+    ControlType.CLEAR: lambda: "\x1b[2J",
+    ControlType.ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN: lambda: "\x1b[?1049h",
+    ControlType.DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN: lambda: "\x1b[?1049l",
+    ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR: lambda: "\x1b[?25h",
+    ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR: lambda: "\x1b[?25l",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_UP: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}A",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}B",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_FORWARD: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}C",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_BACKWARD: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}D",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param+1}G",
+    ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}K",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO: lambda x, y: f"\x1b[{y+1};{x+1}H",
+    ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE: lambda title: f"\x1b]0;{title}\x07",
+}
+
+
+class Control:
+    """A renderable that inserts a control code (non printable but may move cursor).
+
+    Args:
+        *codes (str): Positional arguments are either a :class:`~rich.segment.ControlType` enum or a
+            tuple of ControlType and an integer parameter
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["segment"]
+
+    def __init__(self, *codes: Union[ControlType, ControlCode]) -> None:
+        control_codes: List[ControlCode] = [
+            (code,) if isinstance(code, ControlType) else code for code in codes
+        ]
+        _format_map = CONTROL_CODES_FORMAT
+        rendered_codes = "".join(
+            _format_map[code](*parameters) for code, *parameters in control_codes
+        )
+        self.segment = Segment(rendered_codes, None, control_codes)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def bell(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Ring the 'bell'."""
+        return cls(ControlType.BELL)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def home(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor to 'home' position."""
+        return cls(ControlType.HOME)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move(cls, x: int = 0, y: int = 0) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor relative to current position.
+
+        Args:
+            x (int): X offset.
+            y (int): Y offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+
+        """
+
+        def get_codes() -> Iterable[ControlCode]:
+            control = ControlType
+            if x:
+                yield (
+                    control.CURSOR_FORWARD if x > 0 else control.CURSOR_BACKWARD,
+                    abs(x),
+                )
+            if y:
+                yield (
+                    control.CURSOR_DOWN if y > 0 else control.CURSOR_UP,
+                    abs(y),
+                )
+
+        control = cls(*get_codes())
+        return control
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_to_column(cls, x: int, y: int = 0) -> "Control":
+        """Move to the given column, optionally add offset to row.
+
+        Returns:
+            x (int): absolute x (column)
+            y (int): optional y offset (row)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+        """
+
+        return (
+            cls(
+                (ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN, x),
+                (
+                    ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN if y > 0 else ControlType.CURSOR_UP,
+                    abs(y),
+                ),
+            )
+            if y
+            else cls((ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN, x))
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_to(cls, x: int, y: int) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor to absolute position.
+
+        Args:
+            x (int): x offset (column)
+            y (int): y offset (row)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+        """
+        return cls((ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO, x, y))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Clear the screen."""
+        return cls(ControlType.CLEAR)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def show_cursor(cls, show: bool) -> "Control":
+        """Show or hide the cursor."""
+        return cls(ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR if show else ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def alt_screen(cls, enable: bool) -> "Control":
+        """Enable or disable alt screen."""
+        if enable:
+            return cls(ControlType.ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN, ControlType.HOME)
+        else:
+            return cls(ControlType.DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def title(cls, title: str) -> "Control":
+        """Set the terminal window title
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new terminal window title
+        """
+        return cls((ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE, title))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.segment.text
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.segment.text:
+            yield self.segment
+
+
+def strip_control_codes(
+    text: str, _translate_table: Dict[int, None] = _CONTROL_STRIP_TRANSLATE
+) -> str:
+    """Remove control codes from text.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A string possibly contain control codes.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: String with control codes removed.
+    """
+    return text.translate(_translate_table)
+
+
+def escape_control_codes(
+    text: str,
+    _translate_table: Dict[int, str] = CONTROL_ESCAPE,
+) -> str:
+    """Replace control codes with their "escaped" equivalent in the given text.
+    (e.g. "\b" becomes "\\b")
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A string possibly containing control codes.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: String with control codes replaced with their escaped version.
+    """
+    return text.translate(_translate_table)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print("Look at the title of your terminal window ^")
+    # console.print(Control((ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE, "Hello, world!")))
+    for i in range(10):
+        console.set_window_title("🚀 Loading" + "." * i)
+        time.sleep(0.5)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dca3719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from .style import Style
+
+DEFAULT_STYLES: Dict[str, Style] = {
+    "none": Style.null(),
+    "reset": Style(
+        color="default",
+        bgcolor="default",
+        dim=False,
+        bold=False,
+        italic=False,
+        underline=False,
+        blink=False,
+        blink2=False,
+        reverse=False,
+        conceal=False,
+        strike=False,
+    ),
+    "dim": Style(dim=True),
+    "bright": Style(dim=False),
+    "bold": Style(bold=True),
+    "strong": Style(bold=True),
+    "code": Style(reverse=True, bold=True),
+    "italic": Style(italic=True),
+    "emphasize": Style(italic=True),
+    "underline": Style(underline=True),
+    "blink": Style(blink=True),
+    "blink2": Style(blink2=True),
+    "reverse": Style(reverse=True),
+    "strike": Style(strike=True),
+    "black": Style(color="black"),
+    "red": Style(color="red"),
+    "green": Style(color="green"),
+    "yellow": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "magenta": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "cyan": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "white": Style(color="white"),
+    "inspect.attr": Style(color="yellow", italic=True),
+    "inspect.attr.dunder": Style(color="yellow", italic=True, dim=True),
+    "inspect.callable": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "inspect.async_def": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.def": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.class": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.error": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "inspect.equals": Style(),
+    "inspect.help": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "inspect.doc": Style(dim=True),
+    "inspect.value.border": Style(color="green"),
+    "live.ellipsis": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "layout.tree.row": Style(dim=False, color="red"),
+    "layout.tree.column": Style(dim=False, color="blue"),
+    "logging.keyword": Style(bold=True, color="yellow"),
+    "logging.level.notset": Style(dim=True),
+    "logging.level.debug": Style(color="green"),
+    "logging.level.info": Style(color="blue"),
+    "logging.level.warning": Style(color="red"),
+    "logging.level.error": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "logging.level.critical": Style(color="red", bold=True, reverse=True),
+    "log.level": Style.null(),
+    "log.time": Style(color="cyan", dim=True),
+    "log.message": Style.null(),
+    "log.path": Style(dim=True),
+    "repr.ellipsis": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "repr.indent": Style(color="green", dim=True),
+    "repr.error": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "repr.str": Style(color="green", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "repr.brace": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.comma": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.ipv4": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.ipv6": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.eui48": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.eui64": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.tag_start": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.tag_name": Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    "repr.tag_contents": Style(color="default"),
+    "repr.tag_end": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.attrib_name": Style(color="yellow", italic=False),
+    "repr.attrib_equal": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.attrib_value": Style(color="magenta", italic=False),
+    "repr.number": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),
+    "repr.number_complex": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),  # same
+    "repr.bool_true": Style(color="bright_green", italic=True),
+    "repr.bool_false": Style(color="bright_red", italic=True),
+    "repr.none": Style(color="magenta", italic=True),
+    "repr.url": Style(underline=True, color="bright_blue", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "repr.uuid": Style(color="bright_yellow", bold=False),
+    "repr.call": Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    "repr.path": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "repr.filename": Style(color="bright_magenta"),
+    "rule.line": Style(color="bright_green"),
+    "rule.text": Style.null(),
+    "json.brace": Style(bold=True),
+    "json.bool_true": Style(color="bright_green", italic=True),
+    "json.bool_false": Style(color="bright_red", italic=True),
+    "json.null": Style(color="magenta", italic=True),
+    "json.number": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),
+    "json.str": Style(color="green", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "json.key": Style(color="blue", bold=True),
+    "prompt": Style.null(),
+    "prompt.choices": Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    "prompt.default": Style(color="cyan", bold=True),
+    "prompt.invalid": Style(color="red"),
+    "prompt.invalid.choice": Style(color="red"),
+    "pretty": Style.null(),
+    "scope.border": Style(color="blue"),
+    "scope.key": Style(color="yellow", italic=True),
+    "scope.key.special": Style(color="yellow", italic=True, dim=True),
+    "scope.equals": Style(color="red"),
+    "table.header": Style(bold=True),
+    "table.footer": Style(bold=True),
+    "table.cell": Style.null(),
+    "table.title": Style(italic=True),
+    "table.caption": Style(italic=True, dim=True),
+    "traceback.error": Style(color="red", italic=True),
+    "traceback.border.syntax_error": Style(color="bright_red"),
+    "traceback.border": Style(color="red"),
+    "traceback.text": Style.null(),
+    "traceback.title": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "traceback.exc_type": Style(color="bright_red", bold=True),
+    "traceback.exc_value": Style.null(),
+    "traceback.offset": Style(color="bright_red", bold=True),
+    "bar.back": Style(color="grey23"),
+    "bar.complete": Style(color="rgb(249,38,114)"),
+    "bar.finished": Style(color="rgb(114,156,31)"),
+    "bar.pulse": Style(color="rgb(249,38,114)"),
+    "progress.description": Style.null(),
+    "progress.filesize": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.filesize.total": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.download": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.elapsed": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "progress.percentage": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "progress.remaining": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "progress.data.speed": Style(color="red"),
+    "progress.spinner": Style(color="green"),
+    "status.spinner": Style(color="green"),
+    "tree": Style(),
+    "tree.line": Style(),
+    "markdown.paragraph": Style(),
+    "markdown.text": Style(),
+    "markdown.em": Style(italic=True),
+    "markdown.emph": Style(italic=True),  # For commonmark backwards compatibility
+    "markdown.strong": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.code": Style(bold=True, color="cyan", bgcolor="black"),
+    "markdown.code_block": Style(color="cyan", bgcolor="black"),
+    "markdown.block_quote": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "markdown.list": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "markdown.item": Style(),
+    "markdown.item.bullet": Style(color="yellow", bold=True),
+    "markdown.item.number": Style(color="yellow", bold=True),
+    "markdown.hr": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "markdown.h1.border": Style(),
+    "markdown.h1": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.h2": Style(bold=True, underline=True),
+    "markdown.h3": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.h4": Style(bold=True, dim=True),
+    "markdown.h5": Style(underline=True),
+    "markdown.h6": Style(italic=True),
+    "markdown.h7": Style(italic=True, dim=True),
+    "markdown.link": Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    "markdown.link_url": Style(color="blue", underline=True),
+    "markdown.s": Style(strike=True),
+    "iso8601.date": Style(color="blue"),
+    "iso8601.time": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "iso8601.timezone": Style(color="yellow"),
+}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import argparse
+    import io
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--html", action="store_true", help="Export as HTML table")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    html: bool = args.html
+    console = Console(record=True, width=70, file=io.StringIO()) if html else Console()
+
+    table = Table("Name", "Styling")
+
+    for style_name, style in DEFAULT_STYLES.items():
+        table.add_row(Text(style_name, style=style), str(style))
+
+    console.print(table)
+    if html:
+        print(console.export_html(inline_styles=True))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad36183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import os
+import platform
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import inspect
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, get_windows_console_features
+from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import Pretty
+
+
+def report() -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Print a report to the terminal with debugging information"""
+    console = Console()
+    inspect(console)
+    features = get_windows_console_features()
+    inspect(features)
+
+    env_names = (
+        "TERM",
+        "COLORTERM",
+        "CLICOLOR",
+        "NO_COLOR",
+        "TERM_PROGRAM",
+        "COLUMNS",
+        "LINES",
+        "JUPYTER_COLUMNS",
+        "JUPYTER_LINES",
+        "JPY_PARENT_PID",
+        "VSCODE_VERBOSE_LOGGING",
+    )
+    env = {name: os.getenv(name) for name in env_names}
+    console.print(Panel.fit((Pretty(env)), title="[b]Environment Variables"))
+
+    console.print(f'platform="{platform.system()}"')
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    report()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..791f046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
+
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style
+from ._emoji_codes import EMOJI
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+
+EmojiVariant = Literal["emoji", "text"]
+
+
+class NoEmoji(Exception):
+    """No emoji by that name."""
+
+
+class Emoji(JupyterMixin):
+    __slots__ = ["name", "style", "_char", "variant"]
+
+    VARIANTS = {"text": "\uFE0E", "emoji": "\uFE0F"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "none",
+        variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A single emoji character.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of emoji.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Optional style. Defaults to None.
+
+        Raises:
+            NoEmoji: If the emoji doesn't exist.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.style = style
+        self.variant = variant
+        try:
+            self._char = EMOJI[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoEmoji(f"No emoji called {name!r}")
+        if variant is not None:
+            self._char += self.VARIANTS.get(variant, "")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def replace(cls, text: str) -> str:
+        """Replace emoji markup with corresponding unicode characters.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string with emojis codes, e.g. "Hello :smiley:!"
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string with emoji codes replaces with actual emoji.
+        """
+        return _emoji_replace(text)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<emoji {self.name!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._char
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        yield Segment(self._char, console.get_style(self.style))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sys
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.columns import Columns
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    columns = Columns(
+        (f":{name}: {name}" for name in sorted(EMOJI.keys()) if "\u200D" not in name),
+        column_first=True,
+    )
+
+    console.print(columns)
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        console.save_html(sys.argv[1])
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bcbe53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class ConsoleError(Exception):
+    """An error in console operation."""
+
+
+class StyleError(Exception):
+    """An error in styles."""
+
+
+class StyleSyntaxError(ConsoleError):
+    """Style was badly formatted."""
+
+
+class MissingStyle(StyleError):
+    """No such style."""
+
+
+class StyleStackError(ConsoleError):
+    """Style stack is invalid."""
+
+
+class NotRenderableError(ConsoleError):
+    """Object is not renderable."""
+
+
+class MarkupError(ConsoleError):
+    """Markup was badly formatted."""
+
+
+class LiveError(ConsoleError):
+    """Error related to Live display."""
+
+
+class NoAltScreen(ConsoleError):
+    """Alt screen mode was required."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b0b0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import io
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List
+
+from .ansi import AnsiDecoder
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console
+
+
+class FileProxy(io.TextIOBase):
+    """Wraps a file (e.g. sys.stdout) and redirects writes to a console."""
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console", file: IO[str]) -> None:
+        self.__console = console
+        self.__file = file
+        self.__buffer: List[str] = []
+        self.__ansi_decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+
+    @property
+    def rich_proxied_file(self) -> IO[str]:
+        """Get proxied file."""
+        return self.__file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.__file, name)
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            raise TypeError(f"write() argument must be str, not {type(text).__name__}")
+        buffer = self.__buffer
+        lines: List[str] = []
+        while text:
+            line, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+            if new_line:
+                lines.append("".join(buffer) + line)
+                buffer.clear()
+            else:
+                buffer.append(line)
+                break
+        if lines:
+            console = self.__console
+            with console:
+                output = Text("\n").join(
+                    self.__ansi_decoder.decode_line(line) for line in lines
+                )
+                console.print(output)
+        return len(text)
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        output = "".join(self.__buffer)
+        if output:
+            self.__console.print(output)
+        del self.__buffer[:]
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return self.__file.fileno()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f118e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Functions for reporting filesizes. Borrowed from https://github.com/PyFilesystem/pyfilesystem2
+
+The functions declared in this module should cover the different
+use cases needed to generate a string representation of a file size
+using several different units. Since there are many standards regarding
+file size units, three different functions have been implemented.
+
+See Also:
+    * `Wikipedia: Binary prefix <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix>`_
+
+"""
+
+__all__ = ["decimal"]
+
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def _to_str(
+    size: int,
+    suffixes: Iterable[str],
+    base: int,
+    *,
+    precision: Optional[int] = 1,
+    separator: Optional[str] = " ",
+) -> str:
+    if size == 1:
+        return "1 byte"
+    elif size < base:
+        return "{:,} bytes".format(size)
+
+    for i, suffix in enumerate(suffixes, 2):  # noqa: B007
+        unit = base**i
+        if size < unit:
+            break
+    return "{:,.{precision}f}{separator}{}".format(
+        (base * size / unit),
+        suffix,
+        precision=precision,
+        separator=separator,
+    )
+
+
+def pick_unit_and_suffix(size: int, suffixes: List[str], base: int) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    """Pick a suffix and base for the given size."""
+    for i, suffix in enumerate(suffixes):
+        unit = base**i
+        if size < unit * base:
+            break
+    return unit, suffix
+
+
+def decimal(
+    size: int,
+    *,
+    precision: Optional[int] = 1,
+    separator: Optional[str] = " ",
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a filesize in to a string (powers of 1000, SI prefixes).
+
+    In this convention, ``1000 B = 1 kB``.
+
+    This is typically the format used to advertise the storage
+    capacity of USB flash drives and the like (*256 MB* meaning
+    actually a storage capacity of more than *256 000 000 B*),
+    or used by **Mac OS X** since v10.6 to report file sizes.
+
+    Arguments:
+        int (size): A file size.
+        int (precision): The number of decimal places to include (default = 1).
+        str (separator): The string to separate the value from the units (default = " ").
+
+    Returns:
+        `str`: A string containing a abbreviated file size and units.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> filesize.decimal(30000)
+        '30.0 kB'
+        >>> filesize.decimal(30000, precision=2, separator="")
+        '30.00kB'
+
+    """
+    return _to_str(
+        size,
+        ("kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"),
+        1000,
+        precision=precision,
+        separator=separator,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c264679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import re
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .text import Span, Text
+
+
+def _combine_regex(*regexes: str) -> str:
+    """Combine a number of regexes in to a single regex.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: New regex with all regexes ORed together.
+    """
+    return "|".join(regexes)
+
+
+class Highlighter(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for highlighters."""
+
+    def __call__(self, text: Union[str, Text]) -> Text:
+        """Highlight a str or Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Union[str, ~Text]): Text to highlight.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If not called with text or str.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A test instance with highlighting applied.
+        """
+        if isinstance(text, str):
+            highlight_text = Text(text)
+        elif isinstance(text, Text):
+            highlight_text = text.copy()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"str or Text instance required, not {text!r}")
+        self.highlight(highlight_text)
+        return highlight_text
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Apply highlighting in place to text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (~Text): A text object highlight.
+        """
+
+
+class NullHighlighter(Highlighter):
+    """A highlighter object that doesn't highlight.
+
+    May be used to disable highlighting entirely.
+
+    """
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Nothing to do"""
+
+
+class RegexHighlighter(Highlighter):
+    """Applies highlighting from a list of regular expressions."""
+
+    highlights: List[str] = []
+    base_style: str = ""
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Highlight :class:`rich.text.Text` using regular expressions.
+
+        Args:
+            text (~Text): Text to highlighted.
+
+        """
+
+        highlight_regex = text.highlight_regex
+        for re_highlight in self.highlights:
+            highlight_regex(re_highlight, style_prefix=self.base_style)
+
+
+class ReprHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights the text typically produced from ``__repr__`` methods."""
+
+    base_style = "repr."
+    highlights = [
+        r"(?P<tag_start><)(?P<tag_name>[-\w.:|]*)(?P<tag_contents>[\w\W]*)(?P<tag_end>>)",
+        r'(?P<attrib_name>[\w_]{1,50})=(?P<attrib_value>"?[\w_]+"?)?',
+        r"(?P<brace>[][{}()])",
+        _combine_regex(
+            r"(?P<ipv4>[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})",
+            r"(?P<ipv6>([A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4}::?){1,7}[A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4})",
+            r"(?P<eui64>(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}-){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}:){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{4})",
+            r"(?P<eui48>(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}-){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}:){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{4})",
+            r"(?P<uuid>[a-fA-F0-9]{8}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{12})",
+            r"(?P<call>[\w.]*?)\(",
+            r"\b(?P<bool_true>True)\b|\b(?P<bool_false>False)\b|\b(?P<none>None)\b",
+            r"(?P<ellipsis>\.\.\.)",
+            r"(?P<number_complex>(?<!\w)(?:\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(?:e[-+]?\d+?)?)(?:[-+](?:[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(?:e[-+]?\d+)?))?j)",
+            r"(?P<number>(?<!\w)\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(e[-+]?\d+?)?\b|0x[0-9a-fA-F]*)",
+            r"(?P<path>\B(/[-\w._+]+)*\/)(?P<filename>[-\w._+]*)?",
+            r"(?<![\\\w])(?P<str>b?'''.*?(?<!\\)'''|b?'.*?(?<!\\)'|b?\"\"\".*?(?<!\\)\"\"\"|b?\".*?(?<!\\)\")",
+            r"(?P<url>(file|https|http|ws|wss)://[-0-9a-zA-Z$_+!`(),.?/;:&=%#]*)",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+class JSONHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights JSON"""
+
+    # Captures the start and end of JSON strings, handling escaped quotes
+    JSON_STR = r"(?<![\\\w])(?P<str>b?\".*?(?<!\\)\")"
+    JSON_WHITESPACE = {" ", "\n", "\r", "\t"}
+
+    base_style = "json."
+    highlights = [
+        _combine_regex(
+            r"(?P<brace>[\{\[\(\)\]\}])",
+            r"\b(?P<bool_true>true)\b|\b(?P<bool_false>false)\b|\b(?P<null>null)\b",
+            r"(?P<number>(?<!\w)\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(e[\-\+]?\d+?)?\b|0x[0-9a-fA-F]*)",
+            JSON_STR,
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        super().highlight(text)
+
+        # Additional work to handle highlighting JSON keys
+        plain = text.plain
+        append = text.spans.append
+        whitespace = self.JSON_WHITESPACE
+        for match in re.finditer(self.JSON_STR, plain):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            cursor = end
+            while cursor < len(plain):
+                char = plain[cursor]
+                cursor += 1
+                if char == ":":
+                    append(Span(start, end, "json.key"))
+                elif char in whitespace:
+                    continue
+                break
+
+
+class ISO8601Highlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights the ISO8601 date time strings.
+    Regex reference: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/regular-expressions-cookbook/9781449327453/ch04s07.html
+    """
+
+    base_style = "iso8601."
+    highlights = [
+        #
+        # Dates
+        #
+        # Calendar month (e.g. 2008-08). The hyphen is required
+        r"^(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])$",
+        # Calendar date w/o hyphens (e.g. 20080830)
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))$",
+        # Ordinal date (e.g. 2008-243). The hyphen is optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?(?P<day>36[0-6]|3[0-5][0-9]|[12][0-9]{2}|0[1-9][0-9]|00[1-9]))$",
+        #
+        # Weeks
+        #
+        # Week of the year (e.g., 2008-W35). The hyphen is optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?W(?P<week>5[0-3]|[1-4][0-9]|0[1-9]))$",
+        # Week date (e.g., 2008-W35-6). The hyphens are optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?W(?P<week>5[0-3]|[1-4][0-9]|0[1-9])-?(?P<day>[1-7]))$",
+        #
+        # Times
+        #
+        # Hours and minutes (e.g., 17:21). The colon is optional
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):?(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        # Hours, minutes, and seconds w/o colons (e.g., 172159)
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        # Time zone designator (e.g., Z, +07 or +07:00). The colons and the minutes are optional
+        r"^(?P<timezone>(Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?::?(?:[0-5][0-9]))?))$",
+        # Hours, minutes, and seconds with time zone designator (e.g., 17:21:59+07:00).
+        # All the colons are optional. The minutes in the time zone designator are also optional
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?::?(?:[0-5][0-9]))?)$",
+        #
+        # Date and Time
+        #
+        # Calendar date with hours, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 2008-08-30 17:21:59 or 20080830 172159).
+        # A space is required between the date and the time. The hyphens and colons are optional.
+        # This regex matches dates and times that specify some hyphens or colons but omit others.
+        # This does not follow ISO 8601
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<hyphen>-)?(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])(?(hyphen)-)(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9])) (?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?(hyphen):)(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?(hyphen):)(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        #
+        # XML Schema dates and times
+        #
+        # Date, with optional time zone (e.g., 2008-08-30 or 2008-08-30+07:00).
+        # Hyphens are required. This is the XML Schema 'date' type
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*)?[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+        # Time, with optional fractional seconds and time zone (e.g., 01:45:36 or 01:45:36.123+07:00).
+        # There is no limit on the number of digits for the fractional seconds. This is the XML Schema 'time' type
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]):(?P<second>[0-5][0-9])(?P<frac>\.[0-9]+)?)(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+        # Date and time, with optional fractional seconds and time zone (e.g., 2008-08-30T01:45:36 or 2008-08-30T01:45:36.123Z).
+        # This is the XML Schema 'dateTime' type
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*)?[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))T(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]):(?P<second>[0-5][0-9])(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?)(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+    ]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print("[bold green]hello world![/bold green]")
+    console.print("'[bold green]hello world![/bold green]'")
+
+    console.print(" /foo")
+    console.print("/foo/")
+    console.print("/foo/bar")
+    console.print("foo/bar/baz")
+
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz?foo=bar+egg&egg=baz")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg.py")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print(" /foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print("foo /foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print("foo /foo/bar/ba._++z/egg+.py word")
+    console.print("https://example.org?foo=bar#header")
+
+    console.print(1234567.34)
+    console.print(1 / 2)
+    console.print(-1 / 123123123123)
+
+    console.print(
+        "127.0.1.1 bar 192.168.1.4 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 foo"
+    )
+    import json
+
+    console.print_json(json.dumps(obj={"name": "apple", "count": 1}), indent=None)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea94493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from json import loads, dumps
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from .text import Text
+from .highlighter import JSONHighlighter, NullHighlighter
+
+
+class JSON:
+    """A renderable which pretty prints JSON.
+
+    Args:
+        json (str): JSON encoded data.
+        indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of characters to indent by. Defaults to 2.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting. Defaults to True.
+        skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+        ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+        check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+        allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+        default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+            in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        json: str,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        data = loads(json)
+        json = dumps(
+            data,
+            indent=indent,
+            skipkeys=skip_keys,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            check_circular=check_circular,
+            allow_nan=allow_nan,
+            default=default,
+            sort_keys=sort_keys,
+        )
+        highlighter = JSONHighlighter() if highlight else NullHighlighter()
+        self.text = highlighter(json)
+        self.text.no_wrap = True
+        self.text.overflow = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_data(
+        cls,
+        data: Any,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> "JSON":
+        """Encodes a JSON object from arbitrary data.
+
+        Args:
+            data (Any): An object that may be encoded in to JSON
+            indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of characters to indent by. Defaults to 2.
+            highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): Optional callable which will be called for objects that cannot be serialized. Defaults to None.
+            skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+            ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+            check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+            allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+                in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+            sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            JSON: New JSON object from the given data.
+        """
+        json_instance: "JSON" = cls.__new__(cls)
+        json = dumps(
+            data,
+            indent=indent,
+            skipkeys=skip_keys,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            check_circular=check_circular,
+            allow_nan=allow_nan,
+            default=default,
+            sort_keys=sort_keys,
+        )
+        highlighter = JSONHighlighter() if highlight else NullHighlighter()
+        json_instance.text = highlighter(json)
+        json_instance.text.no_wrap = True
+        json_instance.text.overflow = None
+        return json_instance
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Text:
+        return self.text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    import argparse
+    import sys
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pretty print json")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "path",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="path to file, or - for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--indent",
+        metavar="SPACES",
+        type=int,
+        help="Number of spaces in an indent",
+        default=2,
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    error_console = Console(stderr=True)
+
+    try:
+        if args.path == "-":
+            json_data = sys.stdin.read()
+        else:
+            json_data = Path(args.path).read_text()
+    except Exception as error:
+        error_console.print(f"Unable to read {args.path!r}; {error}")
+        sys.exit(-1)
+
+    console.print(JSON(json_data, indent=args.indent), soft_wrap=True)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f4d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Sequence
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+from . import get_console
+from .segment import Segment
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT = """\
+<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">{code}</pre>
+"""
+
+
+class JupyterRenderable:
+    """A shim to write html to Jupyter notebook."""
+
+    def __init__(self, html: str, text: str) -> None:
+        self.html = html
+        self.text = text
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(
+        self, include: Sequence[str], exclude: Sequence[str], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        data = {"text/plain": self.text, "text/html": self.html}
+        if include:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
+        if exclude:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
+        return data
+
+
+class JupyterMixin:
+    """Add to an Rich renderable to make it render in Jupyter notebook."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(
+        self: "ConsoleRenderable",
+        include: Sequence[str],
+        exclude: Sequence[str],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        console = get_console()
+        segments = list(console.render(self, console.options))
+        html = _render_segments(segments)
+        text = console._render_buffer(segments)
+        data = {"text/plain": text, "text/html": html}
+        if include:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
+        if exclude:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
+        return data
+
+
+def _render_segments(segments: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
+    def escape(text: str) -> str:
+        """Escape html."""
+        return text.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")
+
+    fragments: List[str] = []
+    append_fragment = fragments.append
+    theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+    for text, style, control in Segment.simplify(segments):
+        if control:
+            continue
+        text = escape(text)
+        if style:
+            rule = style.get_html_style(theme)
+            text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
+            if style.link:
+                text = f'<a href="{style.link}" target="_blank">{text}</a>'
+        append_fragment(text)
+
+    code = "".join(fragments)
+    html = JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT.format(code=code)
+
+    return html
+
+
+def display(segments: Iterable[Segment], text: str) -> None:
+    """Render segments to Jupyter."""
+    html = _render_segments(segments)
+    jupyter_renderable = JupyterRenderable(html, text)
+    try:
+        from IPython.display import display as ipython_display
+
+        ipython_display(jupyter_renderable)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:
+        # Handle the case where the Console has force_jupyter=True,
+        # but IPython is not installed.
+        pass
+
+
+def print(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Proxy for Console print."""
+    console = get_console()
+    return console.print(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..849356e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from itertools import islice
+from operator import itemgetter
+from threading import RLock
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._ratio import ratio_resolve
+from .align import Align
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .region import Region
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree
+
+
+class LayoutRender(NamedTuple):
+    """An individual layout render."""
+
+    region: Region
+    render: List[List[Segment]]
+
+
+RegionMap = Dict["Layout", Region]
+RenderMap = Dict["Layout", LayoutRender]
+
+
+class LayoutError(Exception):
+    """Layout related error."""
+
+
+class NoSplitter(LayoutError):
+    """Requested splitter does not exist."""
+
+
+class _Placeholder:
+    """An internal renderable used as a Layout placeholder."""
+
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+
+    def __init__(self, layout: "Layout", style: StyleType = "") -> None:
+        self.layout = layout
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = options.max_width
+        height = options.height or options.size.height
+        layout = self.layout
+        title = (
+            f"{layout.name!r} ({width} x {height})"
+            if layout.name
+            else f"({width} x {height})"
+        )
+        yield Panel(
+            Align.center(Pretty(layout), vertical="middle"),
+            style=self.style,
+            title=self.highlighter(title),
+            border_style="blue",
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+
+class Splitter(ABC):
+    """Base class for a splitter."""
+
+    name: str = ""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        """Get the icon (emoji) used in layout.tree"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        """Divide a region amongst several child layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            children (Sequence(Layout)): A number of child layouts.
+            region (Region): A rectangular region to divide.
+        """
+
+
+class RowSplitter(Splitter):
+    """Split a layout region in to rows."""
+
+    name = "row"
+
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        return "[layout.tree.row]⬌"
+
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        x, y, width, height = region
+        render_widths = ratio_resolve(width, children)
+        offset = 0
+        _Region = Region
+        for child, child_width in zip(children, render_widths):
+            yield child, _Region(x + offset, y, child_width, height)
+            offset += child_width
+
+
+class ColumnSplitter(Splitter):
+    """Split a layout region in to columns."""
+
+    name = "column"
+
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        return "[layout.tree.column]⬍"
+
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        x, y, width, height = region
+        render_heights = ratio_resolve(height, children)
+        offset = 0
+        _Region = Region
+        for child, child_height in zip(children, render_heights):
+            yield child, _Region(x, y + offset, width, child_height)
+            offset += child_height
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Layout:
+    """A renderable to divide a fixed height in to rows or columns.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Renderable content, or None for placeholder. Defaults to None.
+        name (str, optional): Optional identifier for Layout. Defaults to None.
+        size (int, optional): Optional fixed size of layout. Defaults to None.
+        minimum_size (int, optional): Minimum size of layout. Defaults to 1.
+        ratio (int, optional): Optional ratio for flexible layout. Defaults to 1.
+        visible (bool, optional): Visibility of layout. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    splitters = {"row": RowSplitter, "column": ColumnSplitter}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        size: Optional[int] = None,
+        minimum_size: int = 1,
+        ratio: int = 1,
+        visible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._renderable = renderable or _Placeholder(self)
+        self.size = size
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.ratio = ratio
+        self.name = name
+        self.visible = visible
+        self.splitter: Splitter = self.splitters["column"]()
+        self._children: List[Layout] = []
+        self._render_map: RenderMap = {}
+        self._lock = RLock()
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield "name", self.name, None
+        yield "size", self.size, None
+        yield "minimum_size", self.minimum_size, 1
+        yield "ratio", self.ratio, 1
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Layout renderable."""
+        return self if self._children else self._renderable
+
+    @property
+    def children(self) -> List["Layout"]:
+        """Gets (visible) layout children."""
+        return [child for child in self._children if child.visible]
+
+    @property
+    def map(self) -> RenderMap:
+        """Get a map of the last render."""
+        return self._render_map
+
+    def get(self, name: str) -> Optional["Layout"]:
+        """Get a named layout, or None if it doesn't exist.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of layout.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Layout]: Layout instance or None if no layout was found.
+        """
+        if self.name == name:
+            return self
+        else:
+            for child in self._children:
+                named_layout = child.get(name)
+                if named_layout is not None:
+                    return named_layout
+        return None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> "Layout":
+        layout = self.get(name)
+        if layout is None:
+            raise KeyError(f"No layout with name {name!r}")
+        return layout
+
+    @property
+    def tree(self) -> "Tree":
+        """Get a tree renderable to show layout structure."""
+        from pip._vendor.rich.styled import Styled
+        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+        from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree
+
+        def summary(layout: "Layout") -> Table:
+
+            icon = layout.splitter.get_tree_icon()
+
+            table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1, 0, 0))
+
+            text: RenderableType = (
+                Pretty(layout) if layout.visible else Styled(Pretty(layout), "dim")
+            )
+            table.add_row(icon, text)
+            _summary = table
+            return _summary
+
+        layout = self
+        tree = Tree(
+            summary(layout),
+            guide_style=f"layout.tree.{layout.splitter.name}",
+            highlight=True,
+        )
+
+        def recurse(tree: "Tree", layout: "Layout") -> None:
+            for child in layout._children:
+                recurse(
+                    tree.add(
+                        summary(child),
+                        guide_style=f"layout.tree.{child.splitter.name}",
+                    ),
+                    child,
+                )
+
+        recurse(tree, self)
+        return tree
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType],
+        splitter: Union[Splitter, str] = "column",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to multiple sub-layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+            splitter (Union[Splitter, str]): Splitter instance or name of splitter.
+        """
+        _layouts = [
+            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
+            for layout in layouts
+        ]
+        try:
+            self.splitter = (
+                splitter
+                if isinstance(splitter, Splitter)
+                else self.splitters[splitter]()
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoSplitter(f"No splitter called {splitter!r}")
+        self._children[:] = _layouts
+
+    def add_split(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Add a new layout(s) to existing split.
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Union[Layout, RenderableType]): Positional arguments should be renderables or (sub) Layout instances.
+
+        """
+        _layouts = (
+            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
+            for layout in layouts
+        )
+        self._children.extend(_layouts)
+
+    def split_row(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to a row (layouts side by side).
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+        """
+        self.split(*layouts, splitter="row")
+
+    def split_column(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to a column (layouts stacked on top of each other).
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+        """
+        self.split(*layouts, splitter="column")
+
+    def unsplit(self) -> None:
+        """Reset splits to initial state."""
+        del self._children[:]
+
+    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Update renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable object.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self._renderable = renderable
+
+    def refresh_screen(self, console: "Console", layout_name: str) -> None:
+        """Refresh a sub-layout.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance where Layout is to be rendered.
+            layout_name (str): Name of layout.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            layout = self[layout_name]
+            region, _lines = self._render_map[layout]
+            (x, y, width, height) = region
+            lines = console.render_lines(
+                layout, console.options.update_dimensions(width, height)
+            )
+            self._render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
+            console.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)
+
+    def _make_region_map(self, width: int, height: int) -> RegionMap:
+        """Create a dict that maps layout on to Region."""
+        stack: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = [(self, Region(0, 0, width, height))]
+        push = stack.append
+        pop = stack.pop
+        layout_regions: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = []
+        append_layout_region = layout_regions.append
+        while stack:
+            append_layout_region(pop())
+            layout, region = layout_regions[-1]
+            children = layout.children
+            if children:
+                for child_and_region in layout.splitter.divide(children, region):
+                    push(child_and_region)
+
+        region_map = {
+            layout: region
+            for layout, region in sorted(layout_regions, key=itemgetter(1))
+        }
+        return region_map
+
+    def render(self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions) -> RenderMap:
+        """Render the sub_layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderMap: A dict that maps Layout on to a tuple of Region, lines
+        """
+        render_width = options.max_width
+        render_height = options.height or console.height
+        region_map = self._make_region_map(render_width, render_height)
+        layout_regions = [
+            (layout, region)
+            for layout, region in region_map.items()
+            if not layout.children
+        ]
+        render_map: Dict["Layout", "LayoutRender"] = {}
+        render_lines = console.render_lines
+        update_dimensions = options.update_dimensions
+
+        for layout, region in layout_regions:
+            lines = render_lines(
+                layout.renderable, update_dimensions(region.width, region.height)
+            )
+            render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
+        return render_map
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        with self._lock:
+            width = options.max_width or console.width
+            height = options.height or console.height
+            render_map = self.render(console, options.update_dimensions(width, height))
+            self._render_map = render_map
+            layout_lines: List[List[Segment]] = [[] for _ in range(height)]
+            _islice = islice
+            for (region, lines) in render_map.values():
+                _x, y, _layout_width, layout_height = region
+                for row, line in zip(
+                    _islice(layout_lines, y, y + layout_height), lines
+                ):
+                    row.extend(line)
+
+            new_line = Segment.line()
+            for layout_row in layout_lines:
+                yield from layout_row
+                yield new_line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    layout = Layout()
+
+    layout.split_column(
+        Layout(name="header", size=3),
+        Layout(ratio=1, name="main"),
+        Layout(size=10, name="footer"),
+    )
+
+    layout["main"].split_row(Layout(name="side"), Layout(name="body", ratio=2))
+
+    layout["body"].split_row(Layout(name="content", ratio=2), Layout(name="s2"))
+
+    layout["s2"].split_column(
+        Layout(name="top"), Layout(name="middle"), Layout(name="bottom")
+    )
+
+    layout["side"].split_column(Layout(layout.tree, name="left1"), Layout(name="left2"))
+
+    layout["content"].update("foo")
+
+    console.print(layout)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ebbbc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import sys
+from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, List, Optional, TextIO, Type, cast
+
+from . import get_console
+from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable, RenderableType, RenderHook
+from .control import Control
+from .file_proxy import FileProxy
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live_render import LiveRender, VerticalOverflowMethod
+from .screen import Screen
+from .text import Text
+
+
+class _RefreshThread(Thread):
+    """A thread that calls refresh() at regular intervals."""
+
+    def __init__(self, live: "Live", refresh_per_second: float) -> None:
+        self.live = live
+        self.refresh_per_second = refresh_per_second
+        self.done = Event()
+        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self.done.set()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self.done.wait(1 / self.refresh_per_second):
+            with self.live._lock:
+                if not self.done.is_set():
+                    self.live.refresh()
+
+
+class Live(JupyterMixin, RenderHook):
+    """Renders an auto-updating live display of any given renderable.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): The renderable to live display. Defaults to displaying nothing.
+        console (Console, optional): Optional Console instance. Default will an internal Console instance writing to stdout.
+        screen (bool, optional): Enable alternate screen mode. Defaults to False.
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Enable auto refresh. If disabled, you will need to call `refresh()` or `update()` with refresh flag. Defaults to True
+        refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of times per second to refresh the live display. Defaults to 4.
+        transient (bool, optional): Clear the renderable on exit (has no effect when screen=True). Defaults to False.
+        redirect_stdout (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stdout, so ``print`` may be used. Defaults to True.
+        redirect_stderr (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stderr. Defaults to True.
+        vertical_overflow (VerticalOverflowMethod, optional): How to handle renderable when it is too tall for the console. Defaults to "ellipsis".
+        get_renderable (Callable[[], RenderableType], optional): Optional callable to get renderable. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        screen: bool = False,
+        auto_refresh: bool = True,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 4,
+        transient: bool = False,
+        redirect_stdout: bool = True,
+        redirect_stderr: bool = True,
+        vertical_overflow: VerticalOverflowMethod = "ellipsis",
+        get_renderable: Optional[Callable[[], RenderableType]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert refresh_per_second > 0, "refresh_per_second must be > 0"
+        self._renderable = renderable
+        self.console = console if console is not None else get_console()
+        self._screen = screen
+        self._alt_screen = False
+
+        self._redirect_stdout = redirect_stdout
+        self._redirect_stderr = redirect_stderr
+        self._restore_stdout: Optional[IO[str]] = None
+        self._restore_stderr: Optional[IO[str]] = None
+
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.ipy_widget: Optional[Any] = None
+        self.auto_refresh = auto_refresh
+        self._started: bool = False
+        self.transient = True if screen else transient
+
+        self._refresh_thread: Optional[_RefreshThread] = None
+        self.refresh_per_second = refresh_per_second
+
+        self.vertical_overflow = vertical_overflow
+        self._get_renderable = get_renderable
+        self._live_render = LiveRender(
+            self.get_renderable(), vertical_overflow=vertical_overflow
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_started(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if live display has been started."""
+        return self._started
+
+    def get_renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        renderable = (
+            self._get_renderable()
+            if self._get_renderable is not None
+            else self._renderable
+        )
+        return renderable or ""
+
+    def start(self, refresh: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Start live rendering display.
+
+        Args:
+            refresh (bool, optional): Also refresh. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._started:
+                return
+            self.console.set_live(self)
+            self._started = True
+            if self._screen:
+                self._alt_screen = self.console.set_alt_screen(True)
+            self.console.show_cursor(False)
+            self._enable_redirect_io()
+            self.console.push_render_hook(self)
+            if refresh:
+                try:
+                    self.refresh()
+                except Exception:
+                    # If refresh fails, we want to stop the redirection of sys.stderr,
+                    # so the error stacktrace is properly displayed in the terminal.
+                    # (or, if the code that calls Rich captures the exception and wants to display something,
+                    # let this be displayed in the terminal).
+                    self.stop()
+                    raise
+            if self.auto_refresh:
+                self._refresh_thread = _RefreshThread(self, self.refresh_per_second)
+                self._refresh_thread.start()
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop live rendering display."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._started:
+                return
+            self.console.clear_live()
+            self._started = False
+
+            if self.auto_refresh and self._refresh_thread is not None:
+                self._refresh_thread.stop()
+                self._refresh_thread = None
+            # allow it to fully render on the last even if overflow
+            self.vertical_overflow = "visible"
+            with self.console:
+                try:
+                    if not self._alt_screen and not self.console.is_jupyter:
+                        self.refresh()
+                finally:
+                    self._disable_redirect_io()
+                    self.console.pop_render_hook()
+                    if not self._alt_screen and self.console.is_terminal:
+                        self.console.line()
+                    self.console.show_cursor(True)
+                    if self._alt_screen:
+                        self.console.set_alt_screen(False)
+
+                    if self.transient and not self._alt_screen:
+                        self.console.control(self._live_render.restore_cursor())
+                    if self.ipy_widget is not None and self.transient:
+                        self.ipy_widget.close()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Live":
+        self.start(refresh=self._renderable is not None)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+    def _enable_redirect_io(self) -> None:
+        """Enable redirecting of stdout / stderr."""
+        if self.console.is_terminal or self.console.is_jupyter:
+            if self._redirect_stdout and not isinstance(sys.stdout, FileProxy):
+                self._restore_stdout = sys.stdout
+                sys.stdout = cast("TextIO", FileProxy(self.console, sys.stdout))
+            if self._redirect_stderr and not isinstance(sys.stderr, FileProxy):
+                self._restore_stderr = sys.stderr
+                sys.stderr = cast("TextIO", FileProxy(self.console, sys.stderr))
+
+    def _disable_redirect_io(self) -> None:
+        """Disable redirecting of stdout / stderr."""
+        if self._restore_stdout:
+            sys.stdout = cast("TextIO", self._restore_stdout)
+            self._restore_stdout = None
+        if self._restore_stderr:
+            sys.stderr = cast("TextIO", self._restore_stderr)
+            self._restore_stderr = None
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Get the renderable that is being displayed
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: Displayed renderable.
+        """
+        renderable = self.get_renderable()
+        return Screen(renderable) if self._alt_screen else renderable
+
+    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType, *, refresh: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Update the renderable that is being displayed
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable to use.
+            refresh (bool, optional): Refresh the display. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if isinstance(renderable, str):
+            renderable = self.console.render_str(renderable)
+        with self._lock:
+            self._renderable = renderable
+            if refresh:
+                self.refresh()
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Update the display of the Live Render."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._live_render.set_renderable(self.renderable)
+            if self.console.is_jupyter:  # pragma: no cover
+                try:
+                    from IPython.display import display
+                    from ipywidgets import Output
+                except ImportError:
+                    import warnings
+
+                    warnings.warn('install "ipywidgets" for Jupyter support')
+                else:
+                    if self.ipy_widget is None:
+                        self.ipy_widget = Output()
+                        display(self.ipy_widget)
+
+                    with self.ipy_widget:
+                        self.ipy_widget.clear_output(wait=True)
+                        self.console.print(self._live_render.renderable)
+            elif self.console.is_terminal and not self.console.is_dumb_terminal:
+                with self.console:
+                    self.console.print(Control())
+            elif (
+                not self._started and not self.transient
+            ):  # if it is finished allow files or dumb-terminals to see final result
+                with self.console:
+                    self.console.print(Control())
+
+    def process_renderables(
+        self, renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable]
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Process renderables to restore cursor and display progress."""
+        self._live_render.vertical_overflow = self.vertical_overflow
+        if self.console.is_interactive:
+            # lock needs acquiring as user can modify live_render renderable at any time unlike in Progress.
+            with self._lock:
+                reset = (
+                    Control.home()
+                    if self._alt_screen
+                    else self._live_render.position_cursor()
+                )
+                renderables = [reset, *renderables, self._live_render]
+        elif (
+            not self._started and not self.transient
+        ):  # if it is finished render the final output for files or dumb_terminals
+            renderables = [*renderables, self._live_render]
+
+        return renderables
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import random
+    import time
+    from itertools import cycle
+    from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
+
+    from .align import Align
+    from .console import Console
+    from .live import Live as Live
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .rule import Rule
+    from .syntax import Syntax
+    from .table import Table
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    syntax = Syntax(
+        '''def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value''',
+        "python",
+        line_numbers=True,
+    )
+
+    table = Table("foo", "bar", "baz")
+    table.add_row("1", "2", "3")
+
+    progress_renderables = [
+        "You can make the terminal shorter and taller to see the live table hide"
+        "Text may be printed while the progress bars are rendering.",
+        Panel("In fact, [i]any[/i] renderable will work"),
+        "Such as [magenta]tables[/]...",
+        table,
+        "Pretty printed structures...",
+        {"type": "example", "text": "Pretty printed"},
+        "Syntax...",
+        syntax,
+        Rule("Give it a try!"),
+    ]
+
+    examples = cycle(progress_renderables)
+
+    exchanges = [
+        "SGD",
+        "MYR",
+        "EUR",
+        "USD",
+        "AUD",
+        "JPY",
+        "CNH",
+        "HKD",
+        "CAD",
+        "INR",
+        "DKK",
+        "GBP",
+        "RUB",
+        "NZD",
+        "MXN",
+        "IDR",
+        "TWD",
+        "THB",
+        "VND",
+    ]
+    with Live(console=console) as live_table:
+        exchange_rate_dict: Dict[Tuple[str, str], float] = {}
+
+        for index in range(100):
+            select_exchange = exchanges[index % len(exchanges)]
+
+            for exchange in exchanges:
+                if exchange == select_exchange:
+                    continue
+                time.sleep(0.4)
+                if random.randint(0, 10) < 1:
+                    console.log(next(examples))
+                exchange_rate_dict[(select_exchange, exchange)] = 200 / (
+                    (random.random() * 320) + 1
+                )
+                if len(exchange_rate_dict) > len(exchanges) - 1:
+                    exchange_rate_dict.pop(list(exchange_rate_dict.keys())[0])
+                table = Table(title="Exchange Rates")
+
+                table.add_column("Source Currency")
+                table.add_column("Destination Currency")
+                table.add_column("Exchange Rate")
+
+                for ((source, dest), exchange_rate) in exchange_rate_dict.items():
+                    table.add_row(
+                        source,
+                        dest,
+                        Text(
+                            f"{exchange_rate:.4f}",
+                            style="red" if exchange_rate < 1.0 else "green",
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+                live_table.update(Align.center(table))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b90fbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .control import Control
+from .segment import ControlType, Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+from .text import Text
+
+VerticalOverflowMethod = Literal["crop", "ellipsis", "visible"]
+
+
+class LiveRender:
+    """Creates a renderable that may be updated.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object.
+        style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the renderable. Defaults to "".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        style: StyleType = "",
+        vertical_overflow: VerticalOverflowMethod = "ellipsis",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+        self.vertical_overflow = vertical_overflow
+        self._shape: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None
+
+    def set_renderable(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Set a new renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object, including str.
+        """
+        self.renderable = renderable
+
+    def position_cursor(self) -> Control:
+        """Get control codes to move cursor to beginning of live render.
+
+        Returns:
+            Control: A control instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        if self._shape is not None:
+            _, height = self._shape
+            return Control(
+                ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN,
+                (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2),
+                *(
+                    (
+                        (ControlType.CURSOR_UP, 1),
+                        (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2),
+                    )
+                    * (height - 1)
+                )
+            )
+        return Control()
+
+    def restore_cursor(self) -> Control:
+        """Get control codes to clear the render and restore the cursor to its previous position.
+
+        Returns:
+            Control: A Control instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        if self._shape is not None:
+            _, height = self._shape
+            return Control(
+                ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN,
+                *((ControlType.CURSOR_UP, 1), (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2)) * height
+            )
+        return Control()
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+
+        renderable = self.renderable
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        lines = console.render_lines(renderable, options, style=style, pad=False)
+        shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+
+        _, height = shape
+        if height > options.size.height:
+            if self.vertical_overflow == "crop":
+                lines = lines[: options.size.height]
+                shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+            elif self.vertical_overflow == "ellipsis":
+                lines = lines[: (options.size.height - 1)]
+                overflow_text = Text(
+                    "...",
+                    overflow="crop",
+                    justify="center",
+                    end="",
+                    style="live.ellipsis",
+                )
+                lines.append(list(console.render(overflow_text)))
+                shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        self._shape = shape
+
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+            yield from line
+            if not last:
+                yield new_line
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91368dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime
+from logging import Handler, LogRecord
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import ClassVar, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NullFile
+
+from . import get_console
+from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
+from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable
+from .highlighter import Highlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .text import Text
+from .traceback import Traceback
+
+
+class RichHandler(Handler):
+    """A logging handler that renders output with Rich. The time / level / message and file are displayed in columns.
+    The level is color coded, and the message is syntax highlighted.
+
+    Note:
+        Be careful when enabling console markup in log messages if you have configured logging for libraries not
+        under your control. If a dependency writes messages containing square brackets, it may not produce the intended output.
+
+    Args:
+        level (Union[int, str], optional): Log level. Defaults to logging.NOTSET.
+        console (:class:`~rich.console.Console`, optional): Optional console instance to write logs.
+            Default will use a global console instance writing to stdout.
+        show_time (bool, optional): Show a column for the time. Defaults to True.
+        omit_repeated_times (bool, optional): Omit repetition of the same time. Defaults to True.
+        show_level (bool, optional): Show a column for the level. Defaults to True.
+        show_path (bool, optional): Show the path to the original log call. Defaults to True.
+        enable_link_path (bool, optional): Enable terminal link of path column to file. Defaults to True.
+        highlighter (Highlighter, optional): Highlighter to style log messages, or None to use ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
+        markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup in log messages. Defaults to False.
+        rich_tracebacks (bool, optional): Enable rich tracebacks with syntax highlighting and formatting. Defaults to False.
+        tracebacks_width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
+        tracebacks_extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
+        tracebacks_theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+        tracebacks_word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long tracebacks lines. Defaults to True.
+        tracebacks_show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of locals in tracebacks. Defaults to False.
+        tracebacks_suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%x %X] ".
+        keywords (List[str], optional): List of words to highlight instead of ``RichHandler.KEYWORDS``.
+    """
+
+    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = [
+        "GET",
+        "POST",
+        "HEAD",
+        "PUT",
+        "DELETE",
+        "OPTIONS",
+        "TRACE",
+        "PATCH",
+    ]
+    HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[Highlighter]] = ReprHighlighter
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        level: Union[int, str] = logging.NOTSET,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        *,
+        show_time: bool = True,
+        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
+        show_level: bool = True,
+        show_path: bool = True,
+        enable_link_path: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        markup: bool = False,
+        rich_tracebacks: bool = False,
+        tracebacks_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tracebacks_extra_lines: int = 3,
+        tracebacks_theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        tracebacks_word_wrap: bool = True,
+        tracebacks_show_locals: bool = False,
+        tracebacks_suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        locals_max_length: int = 10,
+        locals_max_string: int = 80,
+        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
+        keywords: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(level=level)
+        self.console = console or get_console()
+        self.highlighter = highlighter or self.HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS()
+        self._log_render = LogRender(
+            show_time=show_time,
+            show_level=show_level,
+            show_path=show_path,
+            time_format=log_time_format,
+            omit_repeated_times=omit_repeated_times,
+            level_width=None,
+        )
+        self.enable_link_path = enable_link_path
+        self.markup = markup
+        self.rich_tracebacks = rich_tracebacks
+        self.tracebacks_width = tracebacks_width
+        self.tracebacks_extra_lines = tracebacks_extra_lines
+        self.tracebacks_theme = tracebacks_theme
+        self.tracebacks_word_wrap = tracebacks_word_wrap
+        self.tracebacks_show_locals = tracebacks_show_locals
+        self.tracebacks_suppress = tracebacks_suppress
+        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
+        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
+        self.keywords = keywords
+
+    def get_level_text(self, record: LogRecord) -> Text:
+        """Get the level name from the record.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): LogRecord instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A tuple of the style and level name.
+        """
+        level_name = record.levelname
+        level_text = Text.styled(
+            level_name.ljust(8), f"logging.level.{level_name.lower()}"
+        )
+        return level_text
+
+    def emit(self, record: LogRecord) -> None:
+        """Invoked by logging."""
+        message = self.format(record)
+        traceback = None
+        if (
+            self.rich_tracebacks
+            and record.exc_info
+            and record.exc_info != (None, None, None)
+        ):
+            exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = record.exc_info
+            assert exc_type is not None
+            assert exc_value is not None
+            traceback = Traceback.from_exception(
+                exc_type,
+                exc_value,
+                exc_traceback,
+                width=self.tracebacks_width,
+                extra_lines=self.tracebacks_extra_lines,
+                theme=self.tracebacks_theme,
+                word_wrap=self.tracebacks_word_wrap,
+                show_locals=self.tracebacks_show_locals,
+                locals_max_length=self.locals_max_length,
+                locals_max_string=self.locals_max_string,
+                suppress=self.tracebacks_suppress,
+            )
+            message = record.getMessage()
+            if self.formatter:
+                record.message = record.getMessage()
+                formatter = self.formatter
+                if hasattr(formatter, "usesTime") and formatter.usesTime():
+                    record.asctime = formatter.formatTime(record, formatter.datefmt)
+                message = formatter.formatMessage(record)
+
+        message_renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
+        log_renderable = self.render(
+            record=record, traceback=traceback, message_renderable=message_renderable
+        )
+        if isinstance(self.console.file, NullFile):
+            # Handles pythonw, where stdout/stderr are null, and we return NullFile
+            # instance from Console.file. In this case, we still want to make a log record
+            # even though we won't be writing anything to a file.
+            self.handleError(record)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.console.print(log_renderable)
+            except Exception:
+                self.handleError(record)
+
+    def render_message(self, record: LogRecord, message: str) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+        """Render message text in to Text.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
+            message (str): String containing log message.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log message.
+        """
+        use_markup = getattr(record, "markup", self.markup)
+        message_text = Text.from_markup(message) if use_markup else Text(message)
+
+        highlighter = getattr(record, "highlighter", self.highlighter)
+        if highlighter:
+            message_text = highlighter(message_text)
+
+        if self.keywords is None:
+            self.keywords = self.KEYWORDS
+
+        if self.keywords:
+            message_text.highlight_words(self.keywords, "logging.keyword")
+
+        return message_text
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        *,
+        record: LogRecord,
+        traceback: Optional[Traceback],
+        message_renderable: "ConsoleRenderable",
+    ) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+        """Render log for display.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
+            traceback (Optional[Traceback]): Traceback instance or None for no Traceback.
+            message_renderable (ConsoleRenderable): Renderable (typically Text) containing log message contents.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log.
+        """
+        path = Path(record.pathname).name
+        level = self.get_level_text(record)
+        time_format = None if self.formatter is None else self.formatter.datefmt
+        log_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created)
+
+        log_renderable = self._log_render(
+            self.console,
+            [message_renderable] if not traceback else [message_renderable, traceback],
+            log_time=log_time,
+            time_format=time_format,
+            level=level,
+            path=path,
+            line_no=record.lineno,
+            link_path=record.pathname if self.enable_link_path else None,
+        )
+        return log_renderable
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    FORMAT = "%(message)s"
+    # FORMAT = "%(asctime)-15s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level="NOTSET",
+        format=FORMAT,
+        datefmt="[%X]",
+        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, tracebacks_show_locals=True)],
+    )
+    log = logging.getLogger("rich")
+
+    log.info("Server starting...")
+    log.info("Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080")
+    sleep(1)
+
+    log.info("GET /index.html 200 1298")
+    log.info("GET /imgs/backgrounds/back1.jpg 200 54386")
+    log.info("GET /css/styles.css 200 54386")
+    log.warning("GET /favicon.ico 404 242")
+    sleep(1)
+
+    log.debug(
+        "JSONRPC request\n--> %r\n<-- %r",
+        {
+            "version": "1.1",
+            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
+            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
+            "id": "194521489",
+        },
+        {"version": "1.1", "result": True, "error": None, "id": "194521489"},
+    )
+    log.debug(
+        "Loading configuration file /adasd/asdasd/qeqwe/qwrqwrqwr/sdgsdgsdg/werwerwer/dfgerert/ertertert/ertetert/werwerwer"
+    )
+    log.error("Unable to find 'pomelo' in database!")
+    log.info("POST /jsonrpc/ 200 65532")
+    log.info("POST /admin/ 401 42234")
+    log.warning("password was rejected for admin site.")
+
+    def divide() -> None:
+        number = 1
+        divisor = 0
+        foos = ["foo"] * 100
+        log.debug("in divide")
+        try:
+            number / divisor
+        except:
+            log.exception("An error of some kind occurred!")
+
+    divide()
+    sleep(1)
+    log.critical("Out of memory!")
+    log.info("Server exited with code=-1")
+    log.info("[bold]EXITING...[/bold]", extra=dict(markup=True))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd80d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+import re
+from ast import literal_eval
+from operator import attrgetter
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, List, Match, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .errors import MarkupError
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Span, Text
+
+RE_TAGS = re.compile(
+    r"""((\\*)\[([a-z#/@][^[]*?)])""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+RE_HANDLER = re.compile(r"^([\w.]*?)(\(.*?\))?$")
+
+
+class Tag(NamedTuple):
+    """A tag in console markup."""
+
+    name: str
+    """The tag name. e.g. 'bold'."""
+    parameters: Optional[str]
+    """Any additional parameters after the name."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            self.name if self.parameters is None else f"{self.name} {self.parameters}"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def markup(self) -> str:
+        """Get the string representation of this tag."""
+        return (
+            f"[{self.name}]"
+            if self.parameters is None
+            else f"[{self.name}={self.parameters}]"
+        )
+
+
+_ReStringMatch = Match[str]  # regex match object
+_ReSubCallable = Callable[[_ReStringMatch], str]  # Callable invoked by re.sub
+_EscapeSubMethod = Callable[[_ReSubCallable, str], str]  # Sub method of a compiled re
+
+
+def escape(
+    markup: str,
+    _escape: _EscapeSubMethod = re.compile(r"(\\*)(\[[a-z#/@][^[]*?])").sub,
+) -> str:
+    """Escapes text so that it won't be interpreted as markup.
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): Content to be inserted in to markup.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markup with square brackets escaped.
+    """
+
+    def escape_backslashes(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        """Called by re.sub replace matches."""
+        backslashes, text = match.groups()
+        return f"{backslashes}{backslashes}\\{text}"
+
+    markup = _escape(escape_backslashes, markup)
+    return markup
+
+
+def _parse(markup: str) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Optional[str], Optional[Tag]]]:
+    """Parse markup in to an iterable of tuples of (position, text, tag).
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): A string containing console markup
+
+    """
+    position = 0
+    _divmod = divmod
+    _Tag = Tag
+    for match in RE_TAGS.finditer(markup):
+        full_text, escapes, tag_text = match.groups()
+        start, end = match.span()
+        if start > position:
+            yield start, markup[position:start], None
+        if escapes:
+            backslashes, escaped = _divmod(len(escapes), 2)
+            if backslashes:
+                # Literal backslashes
+                yield start, "\\" * backslashes, None
+                start += backslashes * 2
+            if escaped:
+                # Escape of tag
+                yield start, full_text[len(escapes) :], None
+                position = end
+                continue
+        text, equals, parameters = tag_text.partition("=")
+        yield start, None, _Tag(text, parameters if equals else None)
+        position = end
+    if position < len(markup):
+        yield position, markup[position:], None
+
+
+def render(
+    markup: str,
+    style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+    emoji: bool = True,
+    emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+) -> Text:
+    """Render console markup in to a Text instance.
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): A string containing console markup.
+        emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+
+    Raises:
+        MarkupError: If there is a syntax error in the markup.
+
+    Returns:
+        Text: A test instance.
+    """
+    emoji_replace = _emoji_replace
+    if "[" not in markup:
+        return Text(
+            emoji_replace(markup, default_variant=emoji_variant) if emoji else markup,
+            style=style,
+        )
+    text = Text(style=style)
+    append = text.append
+    normalize = Style.normalize
+
+    style_stack: List[Tuple[int, Tag]] = []
+    pop = style_stack.pop
+
+    spans: List[Span] = []
+    append_span = spans.append
+
+    _Span = Span
+    _Tag = Tag
+
+    def pop_style(style_name: str) -> Tuple[int, Tag]:
+        """Pop tag matching given style name."""
+        for index, (_, tag) in enumerate(reversed(style_stack), 1):
+            if tag.name == style_name:
+                return pop(-index)
+        raise KeyError(style_name)
+
+    for position, plain_text, tag in _parse(markup):
+        if plain_text is not None:
+            # Handle open brace escapes, where the brace is not part of a tag.
+            plain_text = plain_text.replace("\\[", "[")
+            append(emoji_replace(plain_text) if emoji else plain_text)
+        elif tag is not None:
+            if tag.name.startswith("/"):  # Closing tag
+                style_name = tag.name[1:].strip()
+
+                if style_name:  # explicit close
+                    style_name = normalize(style_name)
+                    try:
+                        start, open_tag = pop_style(style_name)
+                    except KeyError:
+                        raise MarkupError(
+                            f"closing tag '{tag.markup}' at position {position} doesn't match any open tag"
+                        ) from None
+                else:  # implicit close
+                    try:
+                        start, open_tag = pop()
+                    except IndexError:
+                        raise MarkupError(
+                            f"closing tag '[/]' at position {position} has nothing to close"
+                        ) from None
+
+                if open_tag.name.startswith("@"):
+                    if open_tag.parameters:
+                        handler_name = ""
+                        parameters = open_tag.parameters.strip()
+                        handler_match = RE_HANDLER.match(parameters)
+                        if handler_match is not None:
+                            handler_name, match_parameters = handler_match.groups()
+                            parameters = (
+                                "()" if match_parameters is None else match_parameters
+                            )
+
+                        try:
+                            meta_params = literal_eval(parameters)
+                        except SyntaxError as error:
+                            raise MarkupError(
+                                f"error parsing {parameters!r} in {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error.msg}"
+                            )
+                        except Exception as error:
+                            raise MarkupError(
+                                f"error parsing {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error}"
+                            ) from None
+
+                        if handler_name:
+                            meta_params = (
+                                handler_name,
+                                meta_params
+                                if isinstance(meta_params, tuple)
+                                else (meta_params,),
+                            )
+
+                    else:
+                        meta_params = ()
+
+                    append_span(
+                        _Span(
+                            start, len(text), Style(meta={open_tag.name: meta_params})
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, len(text), str(open_tag)))
+
+            else:  # Opening tag
+                normalized_tag = _Tag(normalize(tag.name), tag.parameters)
+                style_stack.append((len(text), normalized_tag))
+
+    text_length = len(text)
+    while style_stack:
+        start, tag = style_stack.pop()
+        style = str(tag)
+        if style:
+            append_span(_Span(start, text_length, style))
+
+    text.spans = sorted(spans[::-1], key=attrgetter("start"))
+    return text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    MARKUP = [
+        "[red]Hello World[/red]",
+        "[magenta]Hello [b]World[/b]",
+        "[bold]Bold[italic] bold and italic [/bold]italic[/italic]",
+        "Click [link=https://www.willmcgugan.com]here[/link] to visit my Blog",
+        ":warning-emoji: [bold red blink] DANGER![/]",
+    ]
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+    grid = Table("Markup", "Result", padding=(0, 1))
+
+    for markup in MARKUP:
+        grid.add_row(Text(markup), markup)
+
+    print(grid)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a508ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
+
+from . import errors
+from .protocol import is_renderable, rich_cast
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType
+
+
+class Measurement(NamedTuple):
+    """Stores the minimum and maximum widths (in characters) required to render an object."""
+
+    minimum: int
+    """Minimum number of cells required to render."""
+    maximum: int
+    """Maximum number of cells required to render."""
+
+    @property
+    def span(self) -> int:
+        """Get difference between maximum and minimum."""
+        return self.maximum - self.minimum
+
+    def normalize(self) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get measurement that ensures that minimum <= maximum and minimum >= 0
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: A normalized measurement.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        minimum = min(max(0, minimum), maximum)
+        return Measurement(max(0, minimum), max(0, max(minimum, maximum)))
+
+    def with_maximum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are <= width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Maximum desired width.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        return Measurement(min(minimum, width), min(maximum, width))
+
+    def with_minimum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are >= width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Minimum desired width.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        width = max(0, width)
+        return Measurement(max(minimum, width), max(maximum, width))
+
+    def clamp(
+        self, min_width: Optional[int] = None, max_width: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        """Clamp a measurement within the specified range.
+
+        Args:
+            min_width (int): Minimum desired width, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+            max_width (int): Maximum desired width, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        measurement = self
+        if min_width is not None:
+            measurement = measurement.with_minimum(min_width)
+        if max_width is not None:
+            measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
+        return measurement
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get(
+        cls, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", renderable: "RenderableType"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a measurement for a renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
+            options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+            renderable (RenderableType): An object that may be rendered with Rich.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NotRenderableError: If the object is not renderable.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to render the object.
+        """
+        _max_width = options.max_width
+        if _max_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+        if isinstance(renderable, str):
+            renderable = console.render_str(
+                renderable, markup=options.markup, highlight=False
+            )
+        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+        if is_renderable(renderable):
+            get_console_width: Optional[
+                Callable[["Console", "ConsoleOptions"], "Measurement"]
+            ] = getattr(renderable, "__rich_measure__", None)
+            if get_console_width is not None:
+                render_width = (
+                    get_console_width(console, options)
+                    .normalize()
+                    .with_maximum(_max_width)
+                )
+                if render_width.maximum < 1:
+                    return Measurement(0, 0)
+                return render_width.normalize()
+            else:
+                return Measurement(0, _max_width)
+        else:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"Unable to get render width for {renderable!r}; "
+                "a str, Segment, or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
+            )
+
+
+def measure_renderables(
+    console: "Console",
+    options: "ConsoleOptions",
+    renderables: Sequence["RenderableType"],
+) -> "Measurement":
+    """Get a measurement that would fit a number of renderables.
+
+    Args:
+        console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
+        options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): One or more renderable objects.
+
+    Returns:
+        Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to
+            contain all given renderables.
+    """
+    if not renderables:
+        return Measurement(0, 0)
+    get_measurement = Measurement.get
+    measurements = [
+        get_measurement(console, options, renderable) for renderable in renderables
+    ]
+    measured_width = Measurement(
+        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(0)).minimum,
+        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(1)).maximum,
+    )
+    return measured_width
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b2204f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        RenderableType,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .style import Style
+from .segment import Segment
+
+
+PaddingDimensions = Union[int, Tuple[int], Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]
+
+
+class Padding(JupyterMixin):
+    """Draw space around content.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> print(Padding("Hello", (2, 4), style="on blue"))
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): String or other renderable.
+        pad (Union[int, Tuple[int]]): Padding for top, right, bottom, and left borders.
+            May be specified with 1, 2, or 4 integers (CSS style).
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for padding characters. Defaults to "none".
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand padding to fit available width. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        pad: "PaddingDimensions" = (0, 0, 0, 0),
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "none",
+        expand: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.top, self.right, self.bottom, self.left = self.unpack(pad)
+        self.style = style
+        self.expand = expand
+
+    @classmethod
+    def indent(cls, renderable: "RenderableType", level: int) -> "Padding":
+        """Make padding instance to render an indent.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): String or other renderable.
+            level (int): Number of characters to indent.
+
+        Returns:
+            Padding: A Padding instance.
+        """
+
+        return Padding(renderable, pad=(0, 0, 0, level), expand=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def unpack(pad: "PaddingDimensions") -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Unpack padding specified in CSS style."""
+        if isinstance(pad, int):
+            return (pad, pad, pad, pad)
+        if len(pad) == 1:
+            _pad = pad[0]
+            return (_pad, _pad, _pad, _pad)
+        if len(pad) == 2:
+            pad_top, pad_right = cast(Tuple[int, int], pad)
+            return (pad_top, pad_right, pad_top, pad_right)
+        if len(pad) == 4:
+            top, right, bottom, left = cast(Tuple[int, int, int, int], pad)
+            return (top, right, bottom, left)
+        raise ValueError(f"1, 2 or 4 integers required for padding; {len(pad)} given")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Padding({self.renderable!r}, ({self.top},{self.right},{self.bottom},{self.left}))"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        if self.expand:
+            width = options.max_width
+        else:
+            width = min(
+                Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable).maximum
+                + self.left
+                + self.right,
+                options.max_width,
+            )
+        render_options = options.update_width(width - self.left - self.right)
+        if render_options.height is not None:
+            render_options = render_options.update_height(
+                height=render_options.height - self.top - self.bottom
+            )
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable, render_options, style=style, pad=True
+        )
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        left = _Segment(" " * self.left, style) if self.left else None
+        right = (
+            [_Segment(f'{" " * self.right}', style), _Segment.line()]
+            if self.right
+            else [_Segment.line()]
+        )
+        blank_line: Optional[List[Segment]] = None
+        if self.top:
+            blank_line = [_Segment(f'{" " * width}\n', style)]
+            yield from blank_line * self.top
+        if left:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield left
+                yield from line
+                yield from right
+        else:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield from line
+                yield from right
+        if self.bottom:
+            blank_line = blank_line or [_Segment(f'{" " * width}\n', style)]
+            yield from blank_line * self.bottom
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        extra_width = self.left + self.right
+        if max_width - extra_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(max_width, max_width)
+        measure_min, measure_max = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        measurement = Measurement(measure_min + extra_width, measure_max + extra_width)
+        measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
+        return measurement
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  #  pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(Padding("Hello, World", (2, 4), style="on blue"))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3f7aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class Pager(ABC):
+    """Base class for a pager."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
+        """Show content in pager.
+
+        Args:
+            content (str): Content to be displayed.
+        """
+
+
+class SystemPager(Pager):
+    """Uses the pager installed on the system."""
+
+    def _pager(self, content: str) -> Any:  #  pragma: no cover
+        return __import__("pydoc").pager(content)
+
+    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
+        """Use the same pager used by pydoc."""
+        self._pager(content)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .__main__ import make_test_card
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    with console.pager(styles=True):
+        console.print(make_test_card())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0c4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from math import sqrt
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+
+class Palette:
+    """A palette of available colors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, colors: Sequence[Tuple[int, int, int]]):
+        self._colors = colors
+
+    def __getitem__(self, number: int) -> ColorTriplet:
+        return ColorTriplet(*self._colors[number])
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> "Table":
+        from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+        from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+        from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+        table = Table(
+            "index",
+            "RGB",
+            "Color",
+            title="Palette",
+            caption=f"{len(self._colors)} colors",
+            highlight=True,
+            caption_justify="right",
+        )
+        for index, color in enumerate(self._colors):
+            table.add_row(
+                str(index),
+                repr(color),
+                Text(" " * 16, style=Style(bgcolor=Color.from_rgb(*color))),
+            )
+        return table
+
+    # This is somewhat inefficient and needs caching
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def match(self, color: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> int:
+        """Find a color from a palette that most closely matches a given color.
+
+        Args:
+            color (Tuple[int, int, int]): RGB components in range 0 > 255.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Index of closes matching color.
+        """
+        red1, green1, blue1 = color
+        _sqrt = sqrt
+        get_color = self._colors.__getitem__
+
+        def get_color_distance(index: int) -> float:
+            """Get the distance to a color."""
+            red2, green2, blue2 = get_color(index)
+            red_mean = (red1 + red2) // 2
+            red = red1 - red2
+            green = green1 - green2
+            blue = blue1 - blue2
+            return _sqrt(
+                (((512 + red_mean) * red * red) >> 8)
+                + 4 * green * green
+                + (((767 - red_mean) * blue * blue) >> 8)
+            )
+
+        min_index = min(range(len(self._colors)), key=get_color_distance)
+        return min_index
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import colorsys
+    from typing import Iterable
+    from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions
+    from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+    from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+    class ColorBox:
+        def __rich_console__(
+            self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+        ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            height = console.size.height - 3
+            for y in range(0, height):
+                for x in range(options.max_width):
+                    h = x / options.max_width
+                    l = y / (height + 1)
+                    r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
+                    r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + (1 / height / 2), 1.0)
+                    bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
+                    color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
+                    yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
+                yield Segment.line()
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(ColorBox())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d522d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .box import ROUNDED, Box
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement, measure_renderables
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+
+class Panel(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable that draws a border around its contents.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> console.print(Panel("Hello, World!"))
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A console renderable object.
+        box (Box, optional): A Box instance that defines the look of the border (see :ref:`appendix_box`.
+            Defaults to box.ROUNDED.
+        safe_box (bool, optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): If True the panel will stretch to fill the console
+            width, otherwise it will be sized to fit the contents. Defaults to True.
+        style (str, optional): The style of the panel (border and contents). Defaults to "none".
+        border_style (str, optional): The style of the border. Defaults to "none".
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Optional width of panel. Defaults to None to auto-detect.
+        height (Optional[int], optional): Optional height of panel. Defaults to None to auto-detect.
+        padding (Optional[PaddingDimensions]): Optional padding around renderable. Defaults to 0.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable automatic highlighting of panel title (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        box: Box = ROUNDED,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        title_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        subtitle: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        subtitle_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        expand: bool = True,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        border_style: StyleType = "none",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.box = box
+        self.title = title
+        self.title_align: AlignMethod = title_align
+        self.subtitle = subtitle
+        self.subtitle_align = subtitle_align
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self.expand = expand
+        self.style = style
+        self.border_style = border_style
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.highlight = highlight
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fit(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        box: Box = ROUNDED,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        title_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        subtitle: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        subtitle_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        border_style: StyleType = "none",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+    ) -> "Panel":
+        """An alternative constructor that sets expand=False."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            box,
+            title=title,
+            title_align=title_align,
+            subtitle=subtitle,
+            subtitle_align=subtitle_align,
+            safe_box=safe_box,
+            style=style,
+            border_style=border_style,
+            width=width,
+            padding=padding,
+            expand=False,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _title(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        if self.title:
+            title_text = (
+                Text.from_markup(self.title)
+                if isinstance(self.title, str)
+                else self.title.copy()
+            )
+            title_text.end = ""
+            title_text.plain = title_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+            title_text.no_wrap = True
+            title_text.expand_tabs()
+            title_text.pad(1)
+            return title_text
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def _subtitle(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        if self.subtitle:
+            subtitle_text = (
+                Text.from_markup(self.subtitle)
+                if isinstance(self.subtitle, str)
+                else self.subtitle.copy()
+            )
+            subtitle_text.end = ""
+            subtitle_text.plain = subtitle_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+            subtitle_text.no_wrap = True
+            subtitle_text.expand_tabs()
+            subtitle_text.pad(1)
+            return subtitle_text
+        return None
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        _padding = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        renderable = (
+            Padding(self.renderable, _padding) if any(_padding) else self.renderable
+        )
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        border_style = style + console.get_style(self.border_style)
+        width = (
+            options.max_width
+            if self.width is None
+            else min(options.max_width, self.width)
+        )
+
+        safe_box: bool = console.safe_box if self.safe_box is None else self.safe_box
+        box = self.box.substitute(options, safe=safe_box)
+
+        def align_text(
+            text: Text, width: int, align: str, character: str, style: Style
+        ) -> Text:
+            """Gets new aligned text.
+
+            Args:
+                text (Text): Title or subtitle text.
+                width (int): Desired width.
+                align (str): Alignment.
+                character (str): Character for alignment.
+                style (Style): Border style
+
+            Returns:
+                Text: New text instance
+            """
+            text = text.copy()
+            text.truncate(width)
+            excess_space = width - cell_len(text.plain)
+            if excess_space:
+                if align == "left":
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        text,
+                        (character * excess_space, style),
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+                elif align == "center":
+                    left = excess_space // 2
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        (character * left, style),
+                        text,
+                        (character * (excess_space - left), style),
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        (character * excess_space, style),
+                        text,
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+            return text
+
+        title_text = self._title
+        if title_text is not None:
+            title_text.stylize_before(border_style)
+
+        child_width = (
+            width - 2
+            if self.expand
+            else console.measure(
+                renderable, options=options.update_width(width - 2)
+            ).maximum
+        )
+        child_height = self.height or options.height or None
+        if child_height:
+            child_height -= 2
+        if title_text is not None:
+            child_width = min(
+                options.max_width - 2, max(child_width, title_text.cell_len + 2)
+            )
+
+        width = child_width + 2
+        child_options = options.update(
+            width=child_width, height=child_height, highlight=self.highlight
+        )
+        lines = console.render_lines(renderable, child_options, style=style)
+
+        line_start = Segment(box.mid_left, border_style)
+        line_end = Segment(f"{box.mid_right}", border_style)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        if title_text is None or width <= 4:
+            yield Segment(box.get_top([width - 2]), border_style)
+        else:
+            title_text = align_text(
+                title_text,
+                width - 4,
+                self.title_align,
+                box.top,
+                border_style,
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.top_left + box.top, border_style)
+            yield from console.render(title_text, child_options.update_width(width - 4))
+            yield Segment(box.top + box.top_right, border_style)
+
+        yield new_line
+        for line in lines:
+            yield line_start
+            yield from line
+            yield line_end
+            yield new_line
+
+        subtitle_text = self._subtitle
+        if subtitle_text is not None:
+            subtitle_text.stylize_before(border_style)
+
+        if subtitle_text is None or width <= 4:
+            yield Segment(box.get_bottom([width - 2]), border_style)
+        else:
+            subtitle_text = align_text(
+                subtitle_text,
+                width - 4,
+                self.subtitle_align,
+                box.bottom,
+                border_style,
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.bottom_left + box.bottom, border_style)
+            yield from console.render(
+                subtitle_text, child_options.update_width(width - 4)
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.bottom + box.bottom_right, border_style)
+
+        yield new_line
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        _title = self._title
+        _, right, _, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        padding = left + right
+        renderables = [self.renderable, _title] if _title else [self.renderable]
+
+        if self.width is None:
+            width = (
+                measure_renderables(
+                    console,
+                    options.update_width(options.max_width - padding - 2),
+                    renderables,
+                ).maximum
+                + padding
+                + 2
+            )
+        else:
+            width = self.width
+        return Measurement(width, width)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    c = Console()
+
+    from .box import DOUBLE, ROUNDED
+    from .padding import Padding
+
+    p = Panel(
+        "Hello, World!",
+        title="rich.Panel",
+        style="white on blue",
+        box=DOUBLE,
+        padding=1,
+    )
+
+    c.print()
+    c.print(p)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bd9eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py
@@ -0,0 +1,994 @@
+import builtins
+import collections
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+from array import array
+from collections import Counter, UserDict, UserList, defaultdict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, fields, is_dataclass
+from inspect import isclass
+from itertools import islice
+from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    DefaultDict,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.repr import RichReprResult
+
+try:
+    import attr as _attr_module
+
+    _has_attrs = hasattr(_attr_module, "ib")
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    _has_attrs = False
+
+from . import get_console
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from .abc import RichRenderable
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin, JupyterRenderable
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        HighlighterType,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+
+
+def _is_attr_object(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object was created with attrs module."""
+    return _has_attrs and _attr_module.has(type(obj))
+
+
+def _get_attr_fields(obj: Any) -> Sequence["_attr_module.Attribute[Any]"]:
+    """Get fields for an attrs object."""
+    return _attr_module.fields(type(obj)) if _has_attrs else []
+
+
+def _is_dataclass_repr(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an instance of a dataclass contains the default repr.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (object): A dataclass instance.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the default repr is used, False if there is a custom repr.
+    """
+    # Digging in to a lot of internals here
+    # Catching all exceptions in case something is missing on a non CPython implementation
+    try:
+        return obj.__repr__.__code__.co_filename == dataclasses.__file__
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no coverage
+        return False
+
+
+_dummy_namedtuple = collections.namedtuple("_dummy_namedtuple", [])
+
+
+def _has_default_namedtuple_repr(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an instance of namedtuple contains the default repr
+
+    Args:
+        obj (object): A namedtuple
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the default repr is used, False if there's a custom repr.
+    """
+    obj_file = None
+    try:
+        obj_file = inspect.getfile(obj.__repr__)
+    except (OSError, TypeError):
+        # OSError handles case where object is defined in __main__ scope, e.g. REPL - no filename available.
+        # TypeError trapped defensively, in case of object without filename slips through.
+        pass
+    default_repr_file = inspect.getfile(_dummy_namedtuple.__repr__)
+    return obj_file == default_repr_file
+
+
+def _ipy_display_hook(
+    value: Any,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ignore",
+    crop: bool = False,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> Union[str, None]:
+    # needed here to prevent circular import:
+    from .console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+    # always skip rich generated jupyter renderables or None values
+    if _safe_isinstance(value, JupyterRenderable) or value is None:
+        return None
+
+    console = console or get_console()
+
+    with console.capture() as capture:
+        # certain renderables should start on a new line
+        if _safe_isinstance(value, ConsoleRenderable):
+            console.line()
+        console.print(
+            value
+            if _safe_isinstance(value, RichRenderable)
+            else Pretty(
+                value,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                max_length=max_length,
+                max_string=max_string,
+                max_depth=max_depth,
+                expand_all=expand_all,
+                margin=12,
+            ),
+            crop=crop,
+            new_line_start=True,
+            end="",
+        )
+    # strip trailing newline, not usually part of a text repr
+    # I'm not sure if this should be prevented at a lower level
+    return capture.get().rstrip("\n")
+
+
+def _safe_isinstance(
+    obj: object, class_or_tuple: Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]]
+) -> bool:
+    """isinstance can fail in rare cases, for example types with no __class__"""
+    try:
+        return isinstance(obj, class_or_tuple)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def install(
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ignore",
+    crop: bool = False,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Install automatic pretty printing in the Python REPL.
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance or ``None`` to use global console. Defaults to None.
+        overflow (Optional[OverflowMethod], optional): Overflow method. Defaults to "ignore".
+        crop (Optional[bool], optional): Enable cropping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structures, or None for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich import get_console
+
+    console = console or get_console()
+    assert console is not None
+
+    def display_hook(value: Any) -> None:
+        """Replacement sys.displayhook which prettifies objects with Rich."""
+        if value is not None:
+            assert console is not None
+            builtins._ = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            console.print(
+                value
+                if _safe_isinstance(value, RichRenderable)
+                else Pretty(
+                    value,
+                    overflow=overflow,
+                    indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                    max_length=max_length,
+                    max_string=max_string,
+                    max_depth=max_depth,
+                    expand_all=expand_all,
+                ),
+                crop=crop,
+            )
+            builtins._ = value  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    if "get_ipython" in globals():
+        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        from IPython.core.formatters import BaseFormatter
+
+        class RichFormatter(BaseFormatter):  # type: ignore[misc]
+            pprint: bool = True
+
+            def __call__(self, value: Any) -> Any:
+                if self.pprint:
+                    return _ipy_display_hook(
+                        value,
+                        console=get_console(),
+                        overflow=overflow,
+                        indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                        max_length=max_length,
+                        max_string=max_string,
+                        max_depth=max_depth,
+                        expand_all=expand_all,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return repr(value)
+
+        # replace plain text formatter with rich formatter
+        rich_formatter = RichFormatter()
+        ip.display_formatter.formatters["text/plain"] = rich_formatter
+    else:
+        sys.displayhook = display_hook
+
+
+class Pretty(JupyterMixin):
+    """A rich renderable that pretty prints an object.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): An object to pretty print.
+        highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Highlighter object to apply to result, or None for ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
+        indent_size (int, optional): Number of spaces in indent. Defaults to 4.
+        justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Justify method, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        overflow (OverflowMethod, optional): Overflow method, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        no_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Disable word wrapping. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structures, or None for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+        margin (int, optional): Subtrace a margin from width to force containers to expand earlier. Defaults to 0.
+        insert_line (bool, optional): Insert a new line if the output has multiple new lines. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        _object: Any,
+        highlighter: Optional["HighlighterType"] = None,
+        *,
+        indent_size: int = 4,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+        expand_all: bool = False,
+        margin: int = 0,
+        insert_line: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._object = _object
+        self.highlighter = highlighter or ReprHighlighter()
+        self.indent_size = indent_size
+        self.justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = justify
+        self.overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = overflow
+        self.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.max_length = max_length
+        self.max_string = max_string
+        self.max_depth = max_depth
+        self.expand_all = expand_all
+        self.margin = margin
+        self.insert_line = insert_line
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        pretty_str = pretty_repr(
+            self._object,
+            max_width=options.max_width - self.margin,
+            indent_size=self.indent_size,
+            max_length=self.max_length,
+            max_string=self.max_string,
+            max_depth=self.max_depth,
+            expand_all=self.expand_all,
+        )
+        pretty_text = Text.from_ansi(
+            pretty_str,
+            justify=self.justify or options.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow or options.overflow,
+            no_wrap=pick_bool(self.no_wrap, options.no_wrap),
+            style="pretty",
+        )
+        pretty_text = (
+            self.highlighter(pretty_text)
+            if pretty_text
+            else Text(
+                f"{type(self._object)}.__repr__ returned empty string",
+                style="dim italic",
+            )
+        )
+        if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+            pretty_text = pretty_text.with_indent_guides(
+                self.indent_size, style="repr.indent"
+            )
+        if self.insert_line and "\n" in pretty_text:
+            yield ""
+        yield pretty_text
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        pretty_str = pretty_repr(
+            self._object,
+            max_width=options.max_width,
+            indent_size=self.indent_size,
+            max_length=self.max_length,
+            max_string=self.max_string,
+            max_depth=self.max_depth,
+            expand_all=self.expand_all,
+        )
+        text_width = (
+            max(cell_len(line) for line in pretty_str.splitlines()) if pretty_str else 0
+        )
+        return Measurement(text_width, text_width)
+
+
+def _get_braces_for_defaultdict(_object: DefaultDict[Any, Any]) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    return (
+        f"defaultdict({_object.default_factory!r}, {{",
+        "})",
+        f"defaultdict({_object.default_factory!r}, {{}})",
+    )
+
+
+def _get_braces_for_array(_object: "array[Any]") -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    return (f"array({_object.typecode!r}, [", "])", f"array({_object.typecode!r})")
+
+
+_BRACES: Dict[type, Callable[[Any], Tuple[str, str, str]]] = {
+    os._Environ: lambda _object: ("environ({", "})", "environ({})"),
+    array: _get_braces_for_array,
+    defaultdict: _get_braces_for_defaultdict,
+    Counter: lambda _object: ("Counter({", "})", "Counter()"),
+    deque: lambda _object: ("deque([", "])", "deque()"),
+    dict: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "{}"),
+    UserDict: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "{}"),
+    frozenset: lambda _object: ("frozenset({", "})", "frozenset()"),
+    list: lambda _object: ("[", "]", "[]"),
+    UserList: lambda _object: ("[", "]", "[]"),
+    set: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "set()"),
+    tuple: lambda _object: ("(", ")", "()"),
+    MappingProxyType: lambda _object: ("mappingproxy({", "})", "mappingproxy({})"),
+}
+_CONTAINERS = tuple(_BRACES.keys())
+_MAPPING_CONTAINERS = (dict, os._Environ, MappingProxyType, UserDict)
+
+
+def is_expandable(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object may be expanded by pretty print."""
+    return (
+        _safe_isinstance(obj, _CONTAINERS)
+        or (is_dataclass(obj))
+        or (hasattr(obj, "__rich_repr__"))
+        or _is_attr_object(obj)
+    ) and not isclass(obj)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Node:
+    """A node in a repr tree. May be atomic or a container."""
+
+    key_repr: str = ""
+    value_repr: str = ""
+    open_brace: str = ""
+    close_brace: str = ""
+    empty: str = ""
+    last: bool = False
+    is_tuple: bool = False
+    is_namedtuple: bool = False
+    children: Optional[List["Node"]] = None
+    key_separator: str = ": "
+    separator: str = ", "
+
+    def iter_tokens(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Generate tokens for this node."""
+        if self.key_repr:
+            yield self.key_repr
+            yield self.key_separator
+        if self.value_repr:
+            yield self.value_repr
+        elif self.children is not None:
+            if self.children:
+                yield self.open_brace
+                if self.is_tuple and not self.is_namedtuple and len(self.children) == 1:
+                    yield from self.children[0].iter_tokens()
+                    yield ","
+                else:
+                    for child in self.children:
+                        yield from child.iter_tokens()
+                        if not child.last:
+                            yield self.separator
+                yield self.close_brace
+            else:
+                yield self.empty
+
+    def check_length(self, start_length: int, max_length: int) -> bool:
+        """Check the length fits within a limit.
+
+        Args:
+            start_length (int): Starting length of the line (indent, prefix, suffix).
+            max_length (int): Maximum length.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the node can be rendered within max length, otherwise False.
+        """
+        total_length = start_length
+        for token in self.iter_tokens():
+            total_length += cell_len(token)
+            if total_length > max_length:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        repr_text = "".join(self.iter_tokens())
+        return repr_text
+
+    def render(
+        self, max_width: int = 80, indent_size: int = 4, expand_all: bool = False
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render the node to a pretty repr.
+
+        Args:
+            max_width (int, optional): Maximum width of the repr. Defaults to 80.
+            indent_size (int, optional): Size of indents. Defaults to 4.
+            expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all levels. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A repr string of the original object.
+        """
+        lines = [_Line(node=self, is_root=True)]
+        line_no = 0
+        while line_no < len(lines):
+            line = lines[line_no]
+            if line.expandable and not line.expanded:
+                if expand_all or not line.check_length(max_width):
+                    lines[line_no : line_no + 1] = line.expand(indent_size)
+            line_no += 1
+
+        repr_str = "\n".join(str(line) for line in lines)
+        return repr_str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Line:
+    """A line in repr output."""
+
+    parent: Optional["_Line"] = None
+    is_root: bool = False
+    node: Optional[Node] = None
+    text: str = ""
+    suffix: str = ""
+    whitespace: str = ""
+    expanded: bool = False
+    last: bool = False
+
+    @property
+    def expandable(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the line may be expanded."""
+        return bool(self.node is not None and self.node.children)
+
+    def check_length(self, max_length: int) -> bool:
+        """Check this line fits within a given number of cells."""
+        start_length = (
+            len(self.whitespace) + cell_len(self.text) + cell_len(self.suffix)
+        )
+        assert self.node is not None
+        return self.node.check_length(start_length, max_length)
+
+    def expand(self, indent_size: int) -> Iterable["_Line"]:
+        """Expand this line by adding children on their own line."""
+        node = self.node
+        assert node is not None
+        whitespace = self.whitespace
+        assert node.children
+        if node.key_repr:
+            new_line = yield _Line(
+                text=f"{node.key_repr}{node.key_separator}{node.open_brace}",
+                whitespace=whitespace,
+            )
+        else:
+            new_line = yield _Line(text=node.open_brace, whitespace=whitespace)
+        child_whitespace = self.whitespace + " " * indent_size
+        tuple_of_one = node.is_tuple and len(node.children) == 1
+        for last, child in loop_last(node.children):
+            separator = "," if tuple_of_one else node.separator
+            line = _Line(
+                parent=new_line,
+                node=child,
+                whitespace=child_whitespace,
+                suffix=separator,
+                last=last and not tuple_of_one,
+            )
+            yield line
+
+        yield _Line(
+            text=node.close_brace,
+            whitespace=whitespace,
+            suffix=self.suffix,
+            last=self.last,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.last:
+            return f"{self.whitespace}{self.text}{self.node or ''}"
+        else:
+            return (
+                f"{self.whitespace}{self.text}{self.node or ''}{self.suffix.rstrip()}"
+            )
+
+
+def _is_namedtuple(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Checks if an object is most likely a namedtuple. It is possible
+    to craft an object that passes this check and isn't a namedtuple, but
+    there is only a minuscule chance of this happening unintentionally.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): The object to test
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the object is a namedtuple. False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        fields = getattr(obj, "_fields", None)
+    except Exception:
+        # Being very defensive - if we cannot get the attr then its not a namedtuple
+        return False
+    return isinstance(obj, tuple) and isinstance(fields, tuple)
+
+
+def traverse(
+    _object: Any,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> Node:
+    """Traverse object and generate a tree.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to be traversed.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable truncating.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of data structures, or None for no maximum.
+            Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        Node: The root of a tree structure which can be used to render a pretty repr.
+    """
+
+    def to_repr(obj: Any) -> str:
+        """Get repr string for an object, but catch errors."""
+        if (
+            max_string is not None
+            and _safe_isinstance(obj, (bytes, str))
+            and len(obj) > max_string
+        ):
+            truncated = len(obj) - max_string
+            obj_repr = f"{obj[:max_string]!r}+{truncated}"
+        else:
+            try:
+                obj_repr = repr(obj)
+            except Exception as error:
+                obj_repr = f"<repr-error {str(error)!r}>"
+        return obj_repr
+
+    visited_ids: Set[int] = set()
+    push_visited = visited_ids.add
+    pop_visited = visited_ids.remove
+
+    def _traverse(obj: Any, root: bool = False, depth: int = 0) -> Node:
+        """Walk the object depth first."""
+
+        obj_id = id(obj)
+        if obj_id in visited_ids:
+            # Recursion detected
+            return Node(value_repr="...")
+
+        obj_type = type(obj)
+        children: List[Node]
+        reached_max_depth = max_depth is not None and depth >= max_depth
+
+        def iter_rich_args(rich_args: Any) -> Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[str, Any]]]:
+            for arg in rich_args:
+                if _safe_isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                    if len(arg) == 3:
+                        key, child, default = arg
+                        if default == child:
+                            continue
+                        yield key, child
+                    elif len(arg) == 2:
+                        key, child = arg
+                        yield key, child
+                    elif len(arg) == 1:
+                        yield arg[0]
+                else:
+                    yield arg
+
+        try:
+            fake_attributes = hasattr(
+                obj, "awehoi234_wdfjwljet234_234wdfoijsdfmmnxpi492"
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            fake_attributes = False
+
+        rich_repr_result: Optional[RichReprResult] = None
+        if not fake_attributes:
+            try:
+                if hasattr(obj, "__rich_repr__") and not isclass(obj):
+                    rich_repr_result = obj.__rich_repr__()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        if rich_repr_result is not None:
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            angular = getattr(obj.__rich_repr__, "angular", False)
+            args = list(iter_rich_args(rich_repr_result))
+            class_name = obj.__class__.__name__
+
+            if args:
+                children = []
+                append = children.append
+
+                if reached_max_depth:
+                    if angular:
+                        node = Node(value_repr=f"<{class_name}...>")
+                    else:
+                        node = Node(value_repr=f"{class_name}(...)")
+                else:
+                    if angular:
+                        node = Node(
+                            open_brace=f"<{class_name} ",
+                            close_brace=">",
+                            children=children,
+                            last=root,
+                            separator=" ",
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        node = Node(
+                            open_brace=f"{class_name}(",
+                            close_brace=")",
+                            children=children,
+                            last=root,
+                        )
+                    for last, arg in loop_last(args):
+                        if _safe_isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                            key, child = arg
+                            child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                            child_node.last = last
+                            child_node.key_repr = key
+                            child_node.key_separator = "="
+                            append(child_node)
+                        else:
+                            child_node = _traverse(arg, depth=depth + 1)
+                            child_node.last = last
+                            append(child_node)
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"<{class_name}>" if angular else f"{class_name}()",
+                    children=[],
+                    last=root,
+                )
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _is_attr_object(obj) and not fake_attributes:
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            children = []
+            append = children.append
+
+            attr_fields = _get_attr_fields(obj)
+            if attr_fields:
+                if reached_max_depth:
+                    node = Node(value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(...)")
+                else:
+                    node = Node(
+                        open_brace=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(",
+                        close_brace=")",
+                        children=children,
+                        last=root,
+                    )
+
+                    def iter_attrs() -> Iterable[
+                        Tuple[str, Any, Optional[Callable[[Any], str]]]
+                    ]:
+                        """Iterate over attr fields and values."""
+                        for attr in attr_fields:
+                            if attr.repr:
+                                try:
+                                    value = getattr(obj, attr.name)
+                                except Exception as error:
+                                    # Can happen, albeit rarely
+                                    yield (attr.name, error, None)
+                                else:
+                                    yield (
+                                        attr.name,
+                                        value,
+                                        attr.repr if callable(attr.repr) else None,
+                                    )
+
+                    for last, (name, value, repr_callable) in loop_last(iter_attrs()):
+                        if repr_callable:
+                            child_node = Node(value_repr=str(repr_callable(value)))
+                        else:
+                            child_node = _traverse(value, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.last = last
+                        child_node.key_repr = name
+                        child_node.key_separator = "="
+                        append(child_node)
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}()", children=[], last=root
+                )
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif (
+            is_dataclass(obj)
+            and not _safe_isinstance(obj, type)
+            and not fake_attributes
+            and _is_dataclass_repr(obj)
+        ):
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            children = []
+            append = children.append
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                node = Node(value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(...)")
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(",
+                    close_brace=")",
+                    children=children,
+                    last=root,
+                    empty=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}()",
+                )
+
+                for last, field in loop_last(
+                    field for field in fields(obj) if field.repr
+                ):
+                    child_node = _traverse(getattr(obj, field.name), depth=depth + 1)
+                    child_node.key_repr = field.name
+                    child_node.last = last
+                    child_node.key_separator = "="
+                    append(child_node)
+
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _is_namedtuple(obj) and _has_default_namedtuple_repr(obj):
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            class_name = obj.__class__.__name__
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                # If we've reached the max depth, we still show the class name, but not its contents
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"{class_name}(...)",
+                )
+            else:
+                children = []
+                append = children.append
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=f"{class_name}(",
+                    close_brace=")",
+                    children=children,
+                    empty=f"{class_name}()",
+                )
+                for last, (key, value) in loop_last(obj._asdict().items()):
+                    child_node = _traverse(value, depth=depth + 1)
+                    child_node.key_repr = key
+                    child_node.last = last
+                    child_node.key_separator = "="
+                    append(child_node)
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _safe_isinstance(obj, _CONTAINERS):
+            for container_type in _CONTAINERS:
+                if _safe_isinstance(obj, container_type):
+                    obj_type = container_type
+                    break
+
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+
+            open_brace, close_brace, empty = _BRACES[obj_type](obj)
+
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                node = Node(value_repr=f"{open_brace}...{close_brace}")
+            elif obj_type.__repr__ != type(obj).__repr__:
+                node = Node(value_repr=to_repr(obj), last=root)
+            elif obj:
+                children = []
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=open_brace,
+                    close_brace=close_brace,
+                    children=children,
+                    last=root,
+                )
+                append = children.append
+                num_items = len(obj)
+                last_item_index = num_items - 1
+
+                if _safe_isinstance(obj, _MAPPING_CONTAINERS):
+                    iter_items = iter(obj.items())
+                    if max_length is not None:
+                        iter_items = islice(iter_items, max_length)
+                    for index, (key, child) in enumerate(iter_items):
+                        child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.key_repr = to_repr(key)
+                        child_node.last = index == last_item_index
+                        append(child_node)
+                else:
+                    iter_values = iter(obj)
+                    if max_length is not None:
+                        iter_values = islice(iter_values, max_length)
+                    for index, child in enumerate(iter_values):
+                        child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.last = index == last_item_index
+                        append(child_node)
+                if max_length is not None and num_items > max_length:
+                    append(Node(value_repr=f"... +{num_items - max_length}", last=True))
+            else:
+                node = Node(empty=empty, children=[], last=root)
+
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        else:
+            node = Node(value_repr=to_repr(obj), last=root)
+        node.is_tuple = _safe_isinstance(obj, tuple)
+        node.is_namedtuple = _is_namedtuple(obj)
+        return node
+
+    node = _traverse(_object, root=True)
+    return node
+
+
+def pretty_repr(
+    _object: Any,
+    *,
+    max_width: int = 80,
+    indent_size: int = 4,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Prettify repr string by expanding on to new lines to fit within a given width.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to repr.
+        max_width (int, optional): Desired maximum width of repr string. Defaults to 80.
+        indent_size (int, optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 4.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable truncating.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structure, or None for no depth.
+            Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers regardless of available width. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: A possibly multi-line representation of the object.
+    """
+
+    if _safe_isinstance(_object, Node):
+        node = _object
+    else:
+        node = traverse(
+            _object, max_length=max_length, max_string=max_string, max_depth=max_depth
+        )
+    repr_str: str = node.render(
+        max_width=max_width, indent_size=indent_size, expand_all=expand_all
+    )
+    return repr_str
+
+
+def pprint(
+    _object: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    indent_guides: bool = True,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """A convenience function for pretty printing.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to pretty print.
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance, or None to use default. Defaults to None.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of strings before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth for nested data structures, or None for unlimited depth. Defaults to None.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to True.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+    """
+    _console = get_console() if console is None else console
+    _console.print(
+        Pretty(
+            _object,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            max_string=max_string,
+            max_depth=max_depth,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            expand_all=expand_all,
+            overflow="ignore",
+        ),
+        soft_wrap=True,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class BrokenRepr:
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            1 / 0
+            return "this will fail"
+
+    from typing import NamedTuple
+
+    class StockKeepingUnit(NamedTuple):
+        name: str
+        description: str
+        price: float
+        category: str
+        reviews: List[str]
+
+    d = defaultdict(int)
+    d["foo"] = 5
+    data = {
+        "foo": [
+            1,
+            "Hello World!",
+            100.123,
+            323.232,
+            432324.0,
+            {5, 6, 7, (1, 2, 3, 4), 8},
+        ],
+        "bar": frozenset({1, 2, 3}),
+        "defaultdict": defaultdict(
+            list, {"crumble": ["apple", "rhubarb", "butter", "sugar", "flour"]}
+        ),
+        "counter": Counter(
+            [
+                "apple",
+                "orange",
+                "pear",
+                "kumquat",
+                "kumquat",
+                "durian" * 100,
+            ]
+        ),
+        "atomic": (False, True, None),
+        "namedtuple": StockKeepingUnit(
+            "Sparkling British Spring Water",
+            "Carbonated spring water",
+            0.9,
+            "water",
+            ["its amazing!", "its terrible!"],
+        ),
+        "Broken": BrokenRepr(),
+    }
+    data["foo"].append(data)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    # print(Pretty(data, indent_guides=True, max_string=20))
+
+    class Thing:
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return "Hello\x1b[38;5;239m World!"
+
+    print(Pretty(Thing()))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b0a315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1702 @@
+import io
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections import deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import timedelta
+from io import RawIOBase, UnsupportedOperation
+from math import ceil
+from mmap import mmap
+from operator import length_hint
+from os import PathLike, stat
+from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    ContextManager,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+from . import filesize, get_console
+from .console import Console, Group, JustifyMethod, RenderableType
+from .highlighter import Highlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live import Live
+from .progress_bar import ProgressBar
+from .spinner import Spinner
+from .style import StyleType
+from .table import Column, Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+TaskID = NewType("TaskID", int)
+
+ProgressType = TypeVar("ProgressType")
+
+GetTimeCallable = Callable[[], float]
+
+
+_I = typing.TypeVar("_I", TextIO, BinaryIO)
+
+
+class _TrackThread(Thread):
+    """A thread to periodically update progress."""
+
+    def __init__(self, progress: "Progress", task_id: "TaskID", update_period: float):
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.task_id = task_id
+        self.update_period = update_period
+        self.done = Event()
+
+        self.completed = 0
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        task_id = self.task_id
+        advance = self.progress.advance
+        update_period = self.update_period
+        last_completed = 0
+        wait = self.done.wait
+        while not wait(update_period):
+            completed = self.completed
+            if last_completed != completed:
+                advance(task_id, completed - last_completed)
+                last_completed = completed
+
+        self.progress.update(self.task_id, completed=self.completed, refresh=True)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_TrackThread":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.done.set()
+        self.join()
+
+
+def track(
+    sequence: Union[Sequence[ProgressType], Iterable[ProgressType]],
+    description: str = "Working...",
+    total: Optional[float] = None,
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    update_period: float = 0.1,
+    disable: bool = False,
+    show_speed: bool = True,
+) -> Iterable[ProgressType]:
+    """Track progress by iterating over a sequence.
+
+    Args:
+        sequence (Iterable[ProgressType]): A sequence (must support "len") you wish to iterate over.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Working".
+        total: (float, optional): Total number of steps. Default is len(sequence).
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        update_period (float, optional): Minimum time (in seconds) between calls to update(). Defaults to 0.1.
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+        show_speed (bool, optional): Show speed if total isn't known. Defaults to True.
+    Returns:
+        Iterable[ProgressType]: An iterable of the values in the sequence.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            TaskProgressColumn(show_speed=show_speed),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(elapsed_when_finished=True),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    with progress:
+        yield from progress.track(
+            sequence, total=total, description=description, update_period=update_period
+        )
+
+
+class _Reader(RawIOBase, BinaryIO):
+    """A reader that tracks progress while it's being read from."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handle: BinaryIO,
+        progress: "Progress",
+        task: TaskID,
+        close_handle: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.handle = handle
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.task = task
+        self.close_handle = close_handle
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_Reader":
+        self.handle.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> BinaryIO:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        line = next(self.handle)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(line))
+        return line
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._closed
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return self.handle.fileno()
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.isatty()
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self.handle.mode
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.handle.name
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.readable()
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.seekable()
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        block = self.handle.read(size)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(block))
+        return block
+
+    def readinto(self, b: Union[bytearray, memoryview, mmap]):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def, override]
+        n = self.handle.readinto(b)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=n)
+        return n
+
+    def readline(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:  # type: ignore[override]
+        line = self.handle.readline(size)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(line))
+        return line
+
+    def readlines(self, hint: int = -1) -> List[bytes]:
+        lines = self.handle.readlines(hint)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=sum(map(len, lines)))
+        return lines
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self.close_handle:
+            self.handle.close()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
+        pos = self.handle.seek(offset, whence)
+        self.progress.update(self.task, completed=pos)
+        return pos
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        return self.handle.tell()
+
+    def write(self, s: Any) -> int:
+        raise UnsupportedOperation("write")
+
+
+class _ReadContext(ContextManager[_I], Generic[_I]):
+    """A utility class to handle a context for both a reader and a progress."""
+
+    def __init__(self, progress: "Progress", reader: _I) -> None:
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.reader: _I = reader
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _I:
+        self.progress.start()
+        return self.reader.__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.progress.stop()
+        self.reader.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    file: BinaryIO,
+    total: int,
+    *,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[BinaryIO]:
+    """Read bytes from a file while tracking progress.
+
+    Args:
+        file (Union[str, PathLike[str], BinaryIO]): The path to the file to read, or a file-like object in binary mode.
+        total (int): Total number of bytes to read.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Reading".
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+    Returns:
+        ContextManager[BinaryIO]: A context manager yielding a progress reader.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    reader = progress.wrap_file(file, total=total, description=description)
+    return _ReadContext(progress, reader)
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Union[Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]],
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[TextIO]:
+    pass
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Literal["rb"],
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[BinaryIO]:
+    pass
+
+
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Union[Literal["rb"], Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]] = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> Union[ContextManager[BinaryIO], ContextManager[TextIO]]:
+    """Read bytes from a file while tracking progress.
+
+    Args:
+        path (Union[str, PathLike[str], BinaryIO]): The path to the file to read, or a file-like object in binary mode.
+        mode (str): The mode to use to open the file. Only supports "r", "rb" or "rt".
+        buffering (int): The buffering strategy to use, see :func:`io.open`.
+        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+        errors (str, optional): The error handling strategy for decoding errors, see :func:`io.open`.
+        newline (str, optional): The strategy for handling newlines in text mode, see :func:`io.open`
+        total: (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. Must be provided if reading from a file handle. Default for a path is os.stat(file).st_size.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Reading".
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        ContextManager[BinaryIO]: A context manager yielding a progress reader.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    reader = progress.open(
+        file,
+        mode=mode,
+        buffering=buffering,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        errors=errors,
+        newline=newline,
+        total=total,
+        description=description,
+    )
+    return _ReadContext(progress, reader)  # type: ignore[return-value, type-var]
+
+
+class ProgressColumn(ABC):
+    """Base class for a widget to use in progress display."""
+
+    max_refresh: Optional[float] = None
+
+    def __init__(self, table_column: Optional[Column] = None) -> None:
+        self._table_column = table_column
+        self._renderable_cache: Dict[TaskID, Tuple[float, RenderableType]] = {}
+        self._update_time: Optional[float] = None
+
+    def get_table_column(self) -> Column:
+        """Get a table column, used to build tasks table."""
+        return self._table_column or Column()
+
+    def __call__(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        """Called by the Progress object to return a renderable for the given task.
+
+        Args:
+            task (Task): An object containing information regarding the task.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: Anything renderable (including str).
+        """
+        current_time = task.get_time()
+        if self.max_refresh is not None and not task.completed:
+            try:
+                timestamp, renderable = self._renderable_cache[task.id]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if timestamp + self.max_refresh > current_time:
+                    return renderable
+
+        renderable = self.render(task)
+        self._renderable_cache[task.id] = (current_time, renderable)
+        return renderable
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        """Should return a renderable object."""
+
+
+class RenderableColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column to insert an arbitrary column.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Any renderable. Defaults to empty string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType = "", *, table_column: Optional[Column] = None
+    ):
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        return self.renderable
+
+
+class SpinnerColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column with a 'spinner' animation.
+
+    Args:
+        spinner_name (str, optional): Name of spinner animation. Defaults to "dots".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "progress.spinner".
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor of spinner. Defaults to 1.0.
+        finished_text (TextType, optional): Text used when task is finished. Defaults to " ".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        spinner_name: str = "dots",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = "progress.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        finished_text: TextType = " ",
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ):
+        self.spinner = Spinner(spinner_name, style=style, speed=speed)
+        self.finished_text = (
+            Text.from_markup(finished_text)
+            if isinstance(finished_text, str)
+            else finished_text
+        )
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def set_spinner(
+        self,
+        spinner_name: str,
+        spinner_style: Optional[StyleType] = "progress.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set a new spinner.
+
+        Args:
+            spinner_name (str): Spinner name, see python -m rich.spinner.
+            spinner_style (Optional[StyleType], optional): Spinner style. Defaults to "progress.spinner".
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor of spinner. Defaults to 1.0.
+        """
+        self.spinner = Spinner(spinner_name, style=spinner_style, speed=speed)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        text = (
+            self.finished_text
+            if task.finished
+            else self.spinner.render(task.get_time())
+        )
+        return text
+
+
+class TextColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column containing text."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text_format: str,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        justify: JustifyMethod = "left",
+        markup: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.text_format = text_format
+        self.justify: JustifyMethod = justify
+        self.style = style
+        self.markup = markup
+        self.highlighter = highlighter
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column or Column(no_wrap=True))
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        _text = self.text_format.format(task=task)
+        if self.markup:
+            text = Text.from_markup(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        else:
+            text = Text(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        if self.highlighter:
+            self.highlighter.highlight(text)
+        return text
+
+
+class BarColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders a visual progress bar.
+
+    Args:
+        bar_width (Optional[int], optional): Width of bar or None for full width. Defaults to 40.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        bar_width: Optional[int] = 40,
+        style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+        complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+        finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+        pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.bar_width = bar_width
+        self.style = style
+        self.complete_style = complete_style
+        self.finished_style = finished_style
+        self.pulse_style = pulse_style
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> ProgressBar:
+        """Gets a progress bar widget for a task."""
+        return ProgressBar(
+            total=max(0, task.total) if task.total is not None else None,
+            completed=max(0, task.completed),
+            width=None if self.bar_width is None else max(1, self.bar_width),
+            pulse=not task.started,
+            animation_time=task.get_time(),
+            style=self.style,
+            complete_style=self.complete_style,
+            finished_style=self.finished_style,
+            pulse_style=self.pulse_style,
+        )
+
+
+class TimeElapsedColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders time elapsed."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show time elapsed."""
+        elapsed = task.finished_time if task.finished else task.elapsed
+        if elapsed is None:
+            return Text("-:--:--", style="progress.elapsed")
+        delta = timedelta(seconds=int(elapsed))
+        return Text(str(delta), style="progress.elapsed")
+
+
+class TaskProgressColumn(TextColumn):
+    """Show task progress as a percentage.
+
+    Args:
+        text_format (str, optional): Format for percentage display. Defaults to "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%".
+        text_format_no_percentage (str, optional): Format if percentage is unknown. Defaults to "".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of output. Defaults to "none".
+        justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Text justification. Defaults to "left".
+        markup (bool, optional): Enable markup. Defaults to True.
+        highlighter (Optional[Highlighter], optional): Highlighter to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+        table_column (Optional[Column], optional): Table Column to use. Defaults to None.
+        show_speed (bool, optional): Show speed if total is unknown. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text_format: str = "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%",
+        text_format_no_percentage: str = "",
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        justify: JustifyMethod = "left",
+        markup: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+        show_speed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.text_format_no_percentage = text_format_no_percentage
+        self.show_speed = show_speed
+        super().__init__(
+            text_format=text_format,
+            style=style,
+            justify=justify,
+            markup=markup,
+            highlighter=highlighter,
+            table_column=table_column,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def render_speed(cls, speed: Optional[float]) -> Text:
+        """Render the speed in iterations per second.
+
+        Args:
+            task (Task): A Task object.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text object containing the task speed.
+        """
+        if speed is None:
+            return Text("", style="progress.percentage")
+        unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+            int(speed),
+            ["", "×10³", "×10⁶", "×10⁹", "×10¹²"],
+            1000,
+        )
+        data_speed = speed / unit
+        return Text(f"{data_speed:.1f}{suffix} it/s", style="progress.percentage")
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        if task.total is None and self.show_speed:
+            return self.render_speed(task.finished_speed or task.speed)
+        text_format = (
+            self.text_format_no_percentage if task.total is None else self.text_format
+        )
+        _text = text_format.format(task=task)
+        if self.markup:
+            text = Text.from_markup(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        else:
+            text = Text(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        if self.highlighter:
+            self.highlighter.highlight(text)
+        return text
+
+
+class TimeRemainingColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders estimated time remaining.
+
+    Args:
+        compact (bool, optional): Render MM:SS when time remaining is less than an hour. Defaults to False.
+        elapsed_when_finished (bool, optional): Render time elapsed when the task is finished. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    # Only refresh twice a second to prevent jitter
+    max_refresh = 0.5
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        compact: bool = False,
+        elapsed_when_finished: bool = False,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ):
+        self.compact = compact
+        self.elapsed_when_finished = elapsed_when_finished
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show time remaining."""
+        if self.elapsed_when_finished and task.finished:
+            task_time = task.finished_time
+            style = "progress.elapsed"
+        else:
+            task_time = task.time_remaining
+            style = "progress.remaining"
+
+        if task.total is None:
+            return Text("", style=style)
+
+        if task_time is None:
+            return Text("--:--" if self.compact else "-:--:--", style=style)
+
+        # Based on https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/std.py
+        minutes, seconds = divmod(int(task_time), 60)
+        hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+
+        if self.compact and not hours:
+            formatted = f"{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+        else:
+            formatted = f"{hours:d}:{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+
+        return Text(formatted, style=style)
+
+
+class FileSizeColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders completed filesize."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data completed."""
+        data_size = filesize.decimal(int(task.completed))
+        return Text(data_size, style="progress.filesize")
+
+
+class TotalFileSizeColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders total filesize."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data completed."""
+        data_size = filesize.decimal(int(task.total)) if task.total is not None else ""
+        return Text(data_size, style="progress.filesize.total")
+
+
+class MofNCompleteColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders completed count/total, e.g. '  10/1000'.
+
+    Best for bounded tasks with int quantities.
+
+    Space pads the completed count so that progress length does not change as task progresses
+    past powers of 10.
+
+    Args:
+        separator (str, optional): Text to separate completed and total values. Defaults to "/".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, separator: str = "/", table_column: Optional[Column] = None):
+        self.separator = separator
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show completed/total."""
+        completed = int(task.completed)
+        total = int(task.total) if task.total is not None else "?"
+        total_width = len(str(total))
+        return Text(
+            f"{completed:{total_width}d}{self.separator}{total}",
+            style="progress.download",
+        )
+
+
+class DownloadColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders file size downloaded and total, e.g. '0.5/2.3 GB'.
+
+    Args:
+        binary_units (bool, optional): Use binary units, KiB, MiB etc. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, binary_units: bool = False, table_column: Optional[Column] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.binary_units = binary_units
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Calculate common unit for completed and total."""
+        completed = int(task.completed)
+
+        unit_and_suffix_calculation_base = (
+            int(task.total) if task.total is not None else completed
+        )
+        if self.binary_units:
+            unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+                unit_and_suffix_calculation_base,
+                ["bytes", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB", "ZiB", "YiB"],
+                1024,
+            )
+        else:
+            unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+                unit_and_suffix_calculation_base,
+                ["bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"],
+                1000,
+            )
+        precision = 0 if unit == 1 else 1
+
+        completed_ratio = completed / unit
+        completed_str = f"{completed_ratio:,.{precision}f}"
+
+        if task.total is not None:
+            total = int(task.total)
+            total_ratio = total / unit
+            total_str = f"{total_ratio:,.{precision}f}"
+        else:
+            total_str = "?"
+
+        download_status = f"{completed_str}/{total_str} {suffix}"
+        download_text = Text(download_status, style="progress.download")
+        return download_text
+
+
+class TransferSpeedColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders human readable transfer speed."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data transfer speed."""
+        speed = task.finished_speed or task.speed
+        if speed is None:
+            return Text("?", style="progress.data.speed")
+        data_speed = filesize.decimal(int(speed))
+        return Text(f"{data_speed}/s", style="progress.data.speed")
+
+
+class ProgressSample(NamedTuple):
+    """Sample of progress for a given time."""
+
+    timestamp: float
+    """Timestamp of sample."""
+    completed: float
+    """Number of steps completed."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Task:
+    """Information regarding a progress task.
+
+    This object should be considered read-only outside of the :class:`~Progress` class.
+
+    """
+
+    id: TaskID
+    """Task ID associated with this task (used in Progress methods)."""
+
+    description: str
+    """str: Description of the task."""
+
+    total: Optional[float]
+    """Optional[float]: Total number of steps in this task."""
+
+    completed: float
+    """float: Number of steps completed"""
+
+    _get_time: GetTimeCallable
+    """Callable to get the current time."""
+
+    finished_time: Optional[float] = None
+    """float: Time task was finished."""
+
+    visible: bool = True
+    """bool: Indicates if this task is visible in the progress display."""
+
+    fields: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    """dict: Arbitrary fields passed in via Progress.update."""
+
+    start_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)
+    """Optional[float]: Time this task was started, or None if not started."""
+
+    stop_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)
+    """Optional[float]: Time this task was stopped, or None if not stopped."""
+
+    finished_speed: Optional[float] = None
+    """Optional[float]: The last speed for a finished task."""
+
+    _progress: Deque[ProgressSample] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: deque(maxlen=1000), init=False, repr=False
+    )
+
+    _lock: RLock = field(repr=False, default_factory=RLock)
+    """Thread lock."""
+
+    def get_time(self) -> float:
+        """float: Get the current time, in seconds."""
+        return self._get_time()
+
+    @property
+    def started(self) -> bool:
+        """bool: Check if the task as started."""
+        return self.start_time is not None
+
+    @property
+    def remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get the number of steps remaining, if a non-None total was set."""
+        if self.total is None:
+            return None
+        return self.total - self.completed
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Time elapsed since task was started, or ``None`` if the task hasn't started."""
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            return None
+        if self.stop_time is not None:
+            return self.stop_time - self.start_time
+        return self.get_time() - self.start_time
+
+    @property
+    def finished(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the task has finished."""
+        return self.finished_time is not None
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self) -> float:
+        """float: Get progress of task as a percentage. If a None total was set, returns 0"""
+        if not self.total:
+            return 0.0
+        completed = (self.completed / self.total) * 100.0
+        completed = min(100.0, max(0.0, completed))
+        return completed
+
+    @property
+    def speed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get the estimated speed in steps per second."""
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            return None
+        with self._lock:
+            progress = self._progress
+            if not progress:
+                return None
+            total_time = progress[-1].timestamp - progress[0].timestamp
+            if total_time == 0:
+                return None
+            iter_progress = iter(progress)
+            next(iter_progress)
+            total_completed = sum(sample.completed for sample in iter_progress)
+            speed = total_completed / total_time
+            return speed
+
+    @property
+    def time_remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get estimated time to completion, or ``None`` if no data."""
+        if self.finished:
+            return 0.0
+        speed = self.speed
+        if not speed:
+            return None
+        remaining = self.remaining
+        if remaining is None:
+            return None
+        estimate = ceil(remaining / speed)
+        return estimate
+
+    def _reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset progress."""
+        self._progress.clear()
+        self.finished_time = None
+        self.finished_speed = None
+
+
+class Progress(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders an auto-updating progress bar(s).
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console, optional): Optional Console instance. Default will an internal Console instance writing to stdout.
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Enable auto refresh. If disabled, you will need to call `refresh()`.
+        refresh_per_second (Optional[float], optional): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information or None to use default (10). Defaults to None.
+        speed_estimate_period: (float, optional): Period (in seconds) used to calculate the speed estimate. Defaults to 30.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        redirect_stdout: (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stdout, so ``print`` may be used. Defaults to True.
+        redirect_stderr: (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stderr. Defaults to True.
+        get_time: (Callable, optional): A callable that gets the current time, or None to use Console.get_time. Defaults to None.
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable progress display. Defaults to False
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand tasks table to fit width. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *columns: Union[str, ProgressColumn],
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        auto_refresh: bool = True,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+        speed_estimate_period: float = 30.0,
+        transient: bool = False,
+        redirect_stdout: bool = True,
+        redirect_stderr: bool = True,
+        get_time: Optional[GetTimeCallable] = None,
+        disable: bool = False,
+        expand: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert refresh_per_second > 0, "refresh_per_second must be > 0"
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.columns = columns or self.get_default_columns()
+        self.speed_estimate_period = speed_estimate_period
+
+        self.disable = disable
+        self.expand = expand
+        self._tasks: Dict[TaskID, Task] = {}
+        self._task_index: TaskID = TaskID(0)
+        self.live = Live(
+            console=console or get_console(),
+            auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+            transient=transient,
+            redirect_stdout=redirect_stdout,
+            redirect_stderr=redirect_stderr,
+            get_renderable=self.get_renderable,
+        )
+        self.get_time = get_time or self.console.get_time
+        self.print = self.console.print
+        self.log = self.console.log
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_default_columns(cls) -> Tuple[ProgressColumn, ...]:
+        """Get the default columns used for a new Progress instance:
+           - a text column for the description (TextColumn)
+           - the bar itself (BarColumn)
+           - a text column showing completion percentage (TextColumn)
+           - an estimated-time-remaining column (TimeRemainingColumn)
+        If the Progress instance is created without passing a columns argument,
+        the default columns defined here will be used.
+
+        You can also create a Progress instance using custom columns before
+        and/or after the defaults, as in this example:
+
+            progress = Progress(
+                SpinnerColumn(),
+                *Progress.default_columns(),
+                "Elapsed:",
+                TimeElapsedColumn(),
+            )
+
+        This code shows the creation of a Progress display, containing
+        a spinner to the left, the default columns, and a labeled elapsed
+        time column.
+        """
+        return (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            BarColumn(),
+            TaskProgressColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def console(self) -> Console:
+        return self.live.console
+
+    @property
+    def tasks(self) -> List[Task]:
+        """Get a list of Task instances."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return list(self._tasks.values())
+
+    @property
+    def task_ids(self) -> List[TaskID]:
+        """A list of task IDs."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return list(self._tasks.keys())
+
+    @property
+    def finished(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if all tasks have been completed."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._tasks:
+                return True
+            return all(task.finished for task in self._tasks.values())
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start the progress display."""
+        if not self.disable:
+            self.live.start(refresh=True)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the progress display."""
+        self.live.stop()
+        if not self.console.is_interactive:
+            self.console.print()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Progress":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+    def track(
+        self,
+        sequence: Union[Iterable[ProgressType], Sequence[ProgressType]],
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Working...",
+        update_period: float = 0.1,
+    ) -> Iterable[ProgressType]:
+        """Track progress by iterating over a sequence.
+
+        Args:
+            sequence (Sequence[ProgressType]): A sequence of values you want to iterate over and track progress.
+            total: (float, optional): Total number of steps. Default is len(sequence).
+            task_id: (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description: (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+            update_period (float, optional): Minimum time (in seconds) between calls to update(). Defaults to 0.1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[ProgressType]: An iterable of values taken from the provided sequence.
+        """
+        if total is None:
+            total = float(length_hint(sequence)) or None
+
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total)
+
+        if self.live.auto_refresh:
+            with _TrackThread(self, task_id, update_period) as track_thread:
+                for value in sequence:
+                    yield value
+                    track_thread.completed += 1
+        else:
+            advance = self.advance
+            refresh = self.refresh
+            for value in sequence:
+                yield value
+                advance(task_id, 1)
+                refresh()
+
+    def wrap_file(
+        self,
+        file: BinaryIO,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> BinaryIO:
+        """Track progress file reading from a binary file.
+
+        Args:
+            file (BinaryIO): A file-like object opened in binary mode.
+            total (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. This must be provided unless a task with a total is also given.
+            task_id (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+
+        Returns:
+            BinaryIO: A readable file-like object in binary mode.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When no total value can be extracted from the arguments or the task.
+        """
+        # attempt to recover the total from the task
+        total_bytes: Optional[float] = None
+        if total is not None:
+            total_bytes = total
+        elif task_id is not None:
+            with self._lock:
+                total_bytes = self._tasks[task_id].total
+        if total_bytes is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"unable to get the total number of bytes, please specify 'total'"
+            )
+
+        # update total of task or create new task
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total_bytes)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total_bytes)
+
+        return _Reader(file, self, task_id, close_handle=False)
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Literal["rb"],
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> BinaryIO:
+        pass
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Union[Literal["r"], Literal["rt"]],
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> TextIO:
+        pass
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Union[Literal["rb"], Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]] = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> Union[BinaryIO, TextIO]:
+        """Track progress while reading from a binary file.
+
+        Args:
+            path (Union[str, PathLike[str]]): The path to the file to read.
+            mode (str): The mode to use to open the file. Only supports "r", "rb" or "rt".
+            buffering (int): The buffering strategy to use, see :func:`io.open`.
+            encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+            errors (str, optional): The error handling strategy for decoding errors, see :func:`io.open`.
+            newline (str, optional): The strategy for handling newlines in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+            total (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. If none given, os.stat(path).st_size is used.
+            task_id (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+
+        Returns:
+            BinaryIO: A readable file-like object in binary mode.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When an invalid mode is given.
+        """
+        # normalize the mode (always rb, rt)
+        _mode = "".join(sorted(mode, reverse=False))
+        if _mode not in ("br", "rt", "r"):
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode {!r}".format(mode))
+
+        # patch buffering to provide the same behaviour as the builtin `open`
+        line_buffering = buffering == 1
+        if _mode == "br" and buffering == 1:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "line buffering (buffering=1) isn't supported in binary mode, the default buffer size will be used",
+                RuntimeWarning,
+            )
+            buffering = -1
+        elif _mode in ("rt", "r"):
+            if buffering == 0:
+                raise ValueError("can't have unbuffered text I/O")
+            elif buffering == 1:
+                buffering = -1
+
+        # attempt to get the total with `os.stat`
+        if total is None:
+            total = stat(file).st_size
+
+        # update total of task or create new task
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total)
+
+        # open the file in binary mode,
+        handle = io.open(file, "rb", buffering=buffering)
+        reader = _Reader(handle, self, task_id, close_handle=True)
+
+        # wrap the reader in a `TextIOWrapper` if text mode
+        if mode in ("r", "rt"):
+            return io.TextIOWrapper(
+                reader,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                errors=errors,
+                newline=newline,
+                line_buffering=line_buffering,
+            )
+
+        return reader
+
+    def start_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Start a task.
+
+        Starts a task (used when calculating elapsed time). You may need to call this manually,
+        if you called ``add_task`` with ``start=False``.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            if task.start_time is None:
+                task.start_time = self.get_time()
+
+    def stop_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Stop a task.
+
+        This will freeze the elapsed time on the task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            current_time = self.get_time()
+            if task.start_time is None:
+                task.start_time = current_time
+            task.stop_time = current_time
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        task_id: TaskID,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        completed: Optional[float] = None,
+        advance: Optional[float] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        visible: Optional[bool] = None,
+        refresh: bool = False,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update information associated with a task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): Task id (returned by add_task).
+            total (float, optional): Updates task.total if not None.
+            completed (float, optional): Updates task.completed if not None.
+            advance (float, optional): Add a value to task.completed if not None.
+            description (str, optional): Change task description if not None.
+            visible (bool, optional): Set visible flag if not None.
+            refresh (bool): Force a refresh of progress information. Default is False.
+            **fields (Any): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            completed_start = task.completed
+
+            if total is not None and total != task.total:
+                task.total = total
+                task._reset()
+            if advance is not None:
+                task.completed += advance
+            if completed is not None:
+                task.completed = completed
+            if description is not None:
+                task.description = description
+            if visible is not None:
+                task.visible = visible
+            task.fields.update(fields)
+            update_completed = task.completed - completed_start
+
+            current_time = self.get_time()
+            old_sample_time = current_time - self.speed_estimate_period
+            _progress = task._progress
+
+            popleft = _progress.popleft
+            while _progress and _progress[0].timestamp < old_sample_time:
+                popleft()
+            if update_completed > 0:
+                _progress.append(ProgressSample(current_time, update_completed))
+            if (
+                task.total is not None
+                and task.completed >= task.total
+                and task.finished_time is None
+            ):
+                task.finished_time = task.elapsed
+
+        if refresh:
+            self.refresh()
+
+    def reset(
+        self,
+        task_id: TaskID,
+        *,
+        start: bool = True,
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        completed: int = 0,
+        visible: Optional[bool] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reset a task so completed is 0 and the clock is reset.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+            start (bool, optional): Start the task after reset. Defaults to True.
+            total (float, optional): New total steps in task, or None to use current total. Defaults to None.
+            completed (int, optional): Number of steps completed. Defaults to 0.
+            visible (bool, optional): Enable display of the task. Defaults to True.
+            description (str, optional): Change task description if not None. Defaults to None.
+            **fields (str): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+        """
+        current_time = self.get_time()
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            task._reset()
+            task.start_time = current_time if start else None
+            if total is not None:
+                task.total = total
+            task.completed = completed
+            if visible is not None:
+                task.visible = visible
+            if fields:
+                task.fields = fields
+            if description is not None:
+                task.description = description
+            task.finished_time = None
+        self.refresh()
+
+    def advance(self, task_id: TaskID, advance: float = 1) -> None:
+        """Advance task by a number of steps.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+            advance (float): Number of steps to advance. Default is 1.
+        """
+        current_time = self.get_time()
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            completed_start = task.completed
+            task.completed += advance
+            update_completed = task.completed - completed_start
+            old_sample_time = current_time - self.speed_estimate_period
+            _progress = task._progress
+
+            popleft = _progress.popleft
+            while _progress and _progress[0].timestamp < old_sample_time:
+                popleft()
+            while len(_progress) > 1000:
+                popleft()
+            _progress.append(ProgressSample(current_time, update_completed))
+            if (
+                task.total is not None
+                and task.completed >= task.total
+                and task.finished_time is None
+            ):
+                task.finished_time = task.elapsed
+                task.finished_speed = task.speed
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Refresh (render) the progress information."""
+        if not self.disable and self.live.is_started:
+            self.live.refresh()
+
+    def get_renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Get a renderable for the progress display."""
+        renderable = Group(*self.get_renderables())
+        return renderable
+
+    def get_renderables(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
+        """Get a number of renderables for the progress display."""
+        table = self.make_tasks_table(self.tasks)
+        yield table
+
+    def make_tasks_table(self, tasks: Iterable[Task]) -> Table:
+        """Get a table to render the Progress display.
+
+        Args:
+            tasks (Iterable[Task]): An iterable of Task instances, one per row of the table.
+
+        Returns:
+            Table: A table instance.
+        """
+        table_columns = (
+            (
+                Column(no_wrap=True)
+                if isinstance(_column, str)
+                else _column.get_table_column().copy()
+            )
+            for _column in self.columns
+        )
+        table = Table.grid(*table_columns, padding=(0, 1), expand=self.expand)
+
+        for task in tasks:
+            if task.visible:
+                table.add_row(
+                    *(
+                        (
+                            column.format(task=task)
+                            if isinstance(column, str)
+                            else column(task)
+                        )
+                        for column in self.columns
+                    )
+                )
+        return table
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Makes the Progress class itself renderable."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.get_renderable()
+
+    def add_task(
+        self,
+        description: str,
+        start: bool = True,
+        total: Optional[float] = 100.0,
+        completed: int = 0,
+        visible: bool = True,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> TaskID:
+        """Add a new 'task' to the Progress display.
+
+        Args:
+            description (str): A description of the task.
+            start (bool, optional): Start the task immediately (to calculate elapsed time). If set to False,
+                you will need to call `start` manually. Defaults to True.
+            total (float, optional): Number of total steps in the progress if known.
+                Set to None to render a pulsing animation. Defaults to 100.
+            completed (int, optional): Number of steps completed so far. Defaults to 0.
+            visible (bool, optional): Enable display of the task. Defaults to True.
+            **fields (str): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+
+        Returns:
+            TaskID: An ID you can use when calling `update`.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = Task(
+                self._task_index,
+                description,
+                total,
+                completed,
+                visible=visible,
+                fields=fields,
+                _get_time=self.get_time,
+                _lock=self._lock,
+            )
+            self._tasks[self._task_index] = task
+            if start:
+                self.start_task(self._task_index)
+            new_task_index = self._task_index
+            self._task_index = TaskID(int(self._task_index) + 1)
+        self.refresh()
+        return new_task_index
+
+    def remove_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Delete a task if it exists.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): A task ID.
+
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            del self._tasks[task_id]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no coverage
+
+    import random
+    import time
+
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .rule import Rule
+    from .syntax import Syntax
+    from .table import Table
+
+    syntax = Syntax(
+        '''def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value''',
+        "python",
+        line_numbers=True,
+    )
+
+    table = Table("foo", "bar", "baz")
+    table.add_row("1", "2", "3")
+
+    progress_renderables = [
+        "Text may be printed while the progress bars are rendering.",
+        Panel("In fact, [i]any[/i] renderable will work"),
+        "Such as [magenta]tables[/]...",
+        table,
+        "Pretty printed structures...",
+        {"type": "example", "text": "Pretty printed"},
+        "Syntax...",
+        syntax,
+        Rule("Give it a try!"),
+    ]
+
+    from itertools import cycle
+
+    examples = cycle(progress_renderables)
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    with Progress(
+        SpinnerColumn(),
+        *Progress.get_default_columns(),
+        TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        console=console,
+        transient=False,
+    ) as progress:
+
+        task1 = progress.add_task("[red]Downloading", total=1000)
+        task2 = progress.add_task("[green]Processing", total=1000)
+        task3 = progress.add_task("[yellow]Thinking", total=None)
+
+        while not progress.finished:
+            progress.update(task1, advance=0.5)
+            progress.update(task2, advance=0.3)
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+            if random.randint(0, 100) < 1:
+                progress.log(next(examples))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67361df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+import math
+from functools import lru_cache
+from time import monotonic
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from .color import Color, blend_rgb
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+# Number of characters before 'pulse' animation repeats
+PULSE_SIZE = 20
+
+
+class ProgressBar(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders a (progress) bar. Used by rich.progress.
+
+    Args:
+        total (float, optional): Number of steps in the bar. Defaults to 100. Set to None to render a pulsing animation.
+        completed (float, optional): Number of steps completed. Defaults to 0.
+        width (int, optional): Width of the bar, or ``None`` for maximum width. Defaults to None.
+        pulse (bool, optional): Enable pulse effect. Defaults to False. Will pulse if a None total was passed.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        animation_time (Optional[float], optional): Time in seconds to use for animation, or None to use system time.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total: Optional[float] = 100.0,
+        completed: float = 0,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        pulse: bool = False,
+        style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+        complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+        finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+        pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+        animation_time: Optional[float] = None,
+    ):
+        self.total = total
+        self.completed = completed
+        self.width = width
+        self.pulse = pulse
+        self.style = style
+        self.complete_style = complete_style
+        self.finished_style = finished_style
+        self.pulse_style = pulse_style
+        self.animation_time = animation_time
+
+        self._pulse_segments: Optional[List[Segment]] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Bar {self.completed!r} of {self.total!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def percentage_completed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Calculate percentage complete."""
+        if self.total is None:
+            return None
+        completed = (self.completed / self.total) * 100.0
+        completed = min(100, max(0.0, completed))
+        return completed
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=16)
+    def _get_pulse_segments(
+        self,
+        fore_style: Style,
+        back_style: Style,
+        color_system: str,
+        no_color: bool,
+        ascii: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[Segment]:
+        """Get a list of segments to render a pulse animation.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Segment]: A list of segments, one segment per character.
+        """
+        bar = "-" if ascii else "━"
+        segments: List[Segment] = []
+        if color_system not in ("standard", "eight_bit", "truecolor") or no_color:
+            segments += [Segment(bar, fore_style)] * (PULSE_SIZE // 2)
+            segments += [Segment(" " if no_color else bar, back_style)] * (
+                PULSE_SIZE - (PULSE_SIZE // 2)
+            )
+            return segments
+
+        append = segments.append
+        fore_color = (
+            fore_style.color.get_truecolor()
+            if fore_style.color
+            else ColorTriplet(255, 0, 255)
+        )
+        back_color = (
+            back_style.color.get_truecolor()
+            if back_style.color
+            else ColorTriplet(0, 0, 0)
+        )
+        cos = math.cos
+        pi = math.pi
+        _Segment = Segment
+        _Style = Style
+        from_triplet = Color.from_triplet
+
+        for index in range(PULSE_SIZE):
+            position = index / PULSE_SIZE
+            fade = 0.5 + cos((position * pi * 2)) / 2.0
+            color = blend_rgb(fore_color, back_color, cross_fade=fade)
+            append(_Segment(bar, _Style(color=from_triplet(color))))
+        return segments
+
+    def update(self, completed: float, total: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
+        """Update progress with new values.
+
+        Args:
+            completed (float): Number of steps completed.
+            total (float, optional): Total number of steps, or ``None`` to not change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        self.completed = completed
+        self.total = total if total is not None else self.total
+
+    def _render_pulse(
+        self, console: Console, width: int, ascii: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """Renders the pulse animation.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Width in characters of pulse animation.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderResult: [description]
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterator[Segment]: Segments to render pulse
+        """
+        fore_style = console.get_style(self.pulse_style, default="white")
+        back_style = console.get_style(self.style, default="black")
+
+        pulse_segments = self._get_pulse_segments(
+            fore_style, back_style, console.color_system, console.no_color, ascii=ascii
+        )
+        segment_count = len(pulse_segments)
+        current_time = (
+            monotonic() if self.animation_time is None else self.animation_time
+        )
+        segments = pulse_segments * (int(width / segment_count) + 2)
+        offset = int(-current_time * 15) % segment_count
+        segments = segments[offset : offset + width]
+        yield from segments
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+
+        width = min(self.width or options.max_width, options.max_width)
+        ascii = options.legacy_windows or options.ascii_only
+        should_pulse = self.pulse or self.total is None
+        if should_pulse:
+            yield from self._render_pulse(console, width, ascii=ascii)
+            return
+
+        completed: Optional[float] = (
+            min(self.total, max(0, self.completed)) if self.total is not None else None
+        )
+
+        bar = "-" if ascii else "━"
+        half_bar_right = " " if ascii else "╸"
+        half_bar_left = " " if ascii else "╺"
+        complete_halves = (
+            int(width * 2 * completed / self.total)
+            if self.total and completed is not None
+            else width * 2
+        )
+        bar_count = complete_halves // 2
+        half_bar_count = complete_halves % 2
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        is_finished = self.total is None or self.completed >= self.total
+        complete_style = console.get_style(
+            self.finished_style if is_finished else self.complete_style
+        )
+        _Segment = Segment
+        if bar_count:
+            yield _Segment(bar * bar_count, complete_style)
+        if half_bar_count:
+            yield _Segment(half_bar_right * half_bar_count, complete_style)
+
+        if not console.no_color:
+            remaining_bars = width - bar_count - half_bar_count
+            if remaining_bars and console.color_system is not None:
+                if not half_bar_count and bar_count:
+                    yield _Segment(half_bar_left, style)
+                    remaining_bars -= 1
+                if remaining_bars:
+                    yield _Segment(bar * remaining_bars, style)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return (
+            Measurement(self.width, self.width)
+            if self.width is not None
+            else Measurement(4, options.max_width)
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console()
+    bar = ProgressBar(width=50, total=100)
+
+    import time
+
+    console.show_cursor(False)
+    for n in range(0, 101, 1):
+        bar.update(n)
+        console.print(bar)
+        console.file.write("\r")
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+    console.show_cursor(True)
+    console.print()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bd0a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+from typing import Any, Generic, List, Optional, TextIO, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from . import get_console
+from .console import Console
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+PromptType = TypeVar("PromptType")
+DefaultType = TypeVar("DefaultType")
+
+
+class PromptError(Exception):
+    """Exception base class for prompt related errors."""
+
+
+class InvalidResponse(PromptError):
+    """Exception to indicate a response was invalid. Raise this within process_response() to indicate an error
+    and provide an error message.
+
+    Args:
+        message (Union[str, Text]): Error message.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: TextType) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> TextType:
+        return self.message
+
+
+class PromptBase(Generic[PromptType]):
+    """Ask the user for input until a valid response is received. This is the base class, see one of
+    the concrete classes for examples.
+
+    Args:
+        prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
+        console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
+        password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
+        choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
+        show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
+        show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    response_type: type = str
+
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid value"
+    illegal_choice_message = (
+        "[prompt.invalid.choice]Please select one of the available options"
+    )
+    prompt_suffix = ": "
+
+    choices: Optional[List[str]] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console = console or get_console()
+        self.prompt = (
+            Text.from_markup(prompt, style="prompt")
+            if isinstance(prompt, str)
+            else prompt
+        )
+        self.password = password
+        if choices is not None:
+            self.choices = choices
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        default: DefaultType,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> Union[DefaultType, PromptType]:
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> PromptType:
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        default: Any = ...,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Shortcut to construct and run a prompt loop and return the result.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> filename = Prompt.ask("Enter a filename")
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
+            console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
+            password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
+            choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
+            show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
+            show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
+            stream (TextIO, optional): Optional text file open for reading to get input. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        _prompt = cls(
+            prompt,
+            console=console,
+            password=password,
+            choices=choices,
+            show_default=show_default,
+            show_choices=show_choices,
+        )
+        return _prompt(default=default, stream=stream)
+
+    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Turn the supplied default in to a Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            default (DefaultType): Default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text containing rendering of default value.
+        """
+        return Text(f"({default})", "prompt.default")
+
+    def make_prompt(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Make prompt text.
+
+        Args:
+            default (DefaultType): Default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text to display in prompt.
+        """
+        prompt = self.prompt.copy()
+        prompt.end = ""
+
+        if self.show_choices and self.choices:
+            _choices = "/".join(self.choices)
+            choices = f"[{_choices}]"
+            prompt.append(" ")
+            prompt.append(choices, "prompt.choices")
+
+        if (
+            default != ...
+            and self.show_default
+            and isinstance(default, (str, self.response_type))
+        ):
+            prompt.append(" ")
+            _default = self.render_default(default)
+            prompt.append(_default)
+
+        prompt.append(self.prompt_suffix)
+
+        return prompt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_input(
+        cls,
+        console: Console,
+        prompt: TextType,
+        password: bool,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get input from user.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            prompt (TextType): Prompt text.
+            password (bool): Enable password entry.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String from user.
+        """
+        return console.input(prompt, password=password, stream=stream)
+
+    def check_choice(self, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Check value is in the list of valid choices.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): Value entered by user.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if choice was valid, otherwise False.
+        """
+        assert self.choices is not None
+        return value.strip() in self.choices
+
+    def process_response(self, value: str) -> PromptType:
+        """Process response from user, convert to prompt type.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): String typed by user.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidResponse: If ``value`` is invalid.
+
+        Returns:
+            PromptType: The value to be returned from ask method.
+        """
+        value = value.strip()
+        try:
+            return_value: PromptType = self.response_type(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
+
+        if self.choices is not None and not self.check_choice(value):
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.illegal_choice_message)
+
+        return return_value
+
+    def on_validate_error(self, value: str, error: InvalidResponse) -> None:
+        """Called to handle validation error.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): String entered by user.
+            error (InvalidResponse): Exception instance the initiated the error.
+        """
+        self.console.print(error)
+
+    def pre_prompt(self) -> None:
+        """Hook to display something before the prompt."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, *, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> PromptType:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self, *, default: DefaultType, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None
+    ) -> Union[PromptType, DefaultType]:
+        ...
+
+    def __call__(self, *, default: Any = ..., stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> Any:
+        """Run the prompt loop.
+
+        Args:
+            default (Any, optional): Optional default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            PromptType: Processed value.
+        """
+        while True:
+            self.pre_prompt()
+            prompt = self.make_prompt(default)
+            value = self.get_input(self.console, prompt, self.password, stream=stream)
+            if value == "" and default != ...:
+                return default
+            try:
+                return_value = self.process_response(value)
+            except InvalidResponse as error:
+                self.on_validate_error(value, error)
+                continue
+            else:
+                return return_value
+
+
+class Prompt(PromptBase[str]):
+    """A prompt that returns a str.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> name = Prompt.ask("Enter your name")
+
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = str
+
+
+class IntPrompt(PromptBase[int]):
+    """A prompt that returns an integer.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> burrito_count = IntPrompt.ask("How many burritos do you want to order")
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = int
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid integer number"
+
+
+class FloatPrompt(PromptBase[int]):
+    """A prompt that returns a float.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> temperature = FloatPrompt.ask("Enter desired temperature")
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = float
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a number"
+
+
+class Confirm(PromptBase[bool]):
+    """A yes / no confirmation prompt.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> if Confirm.ask("Continue"):
+                run_job()
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = bool
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter Y or N"
+    choices: List[str] = ["y", "n"]
+
+    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Render the default as (y) or (n) rather than True/False."""
+        yes, no = self.choices
+        return Text(f"({yes})" if default else f"({no})", style="prompt.default")
+
+    def process_response(self, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Convert choices to a bool."""
+        value = value.strip().lower()
+        if value not in self.choices:
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
+        return value == self.choices[0]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    if Confirm.ask("Run [i]prompt[/i] tests?", default=True):
+        while True:
+            result = IntPrompt.ask(
+                ":rocket: Enter a number between [b]1[/b] and [b]10[/b]", default=5
+            )
+            if result >= 1 and result <= 10:
+                break
+            print(":pile_of_poo: [prompt.invalid]Number must be between 1 and 10")
+        print(f"number={result}")
+
+        while True:
+            password = Prompt.ask(
+                "Please enter a password [cyan](must be at least 5 characters)",
+                password=True,
+            )
+            if len(password) >= 5:
+                break
+            print("[prompt.invalid]password too short")
+        print(f"password={password!r}")
+
+        fruit = Prompt.ask("Enter a fruit", choices=["apple", "orange", "pear"])
+        print(f"fruit={fruit!r}")
+
+    else:
+        print("[b]OK :loudly_crying_face:")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12ab237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import Any, cast, Set, TYPE_CHECKING
+from inspect import isclass
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import RenderableType
+
+_GIBBERISH = """aihwerij235234ljsdnp34ksodfipwoe234234jlskjdf"""
+
+
+def is_renderable(check_object: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object may be rendered by Rich."""
+    return (
+        isinstance(check_object, str)
+        or hasattr(check_object, "__rich__")
+        or hasattr(check_object, "__rich_console__")
+    )
+
+
+def rich_cast(renderable: object) -> "RenderableType":
+    """Cast an object to a renderable by calling __rich__ if present.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (object): A potentially renderable object
+
+    Returns:
+        object: The result of recursively calling __rich__.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import RenderableType
+
+    rich_visited_set: Set[type] = set()  # Prevent potential infinite loop
+    while hasattr(renderable, "__rich__") and not isclass(renderable):
+        # Detect object which claim to have all the attributes
+        if hasattr(renderable, _GIBBERISH):
+            return repr(renderable)
+        cast_method = getattr(renderable, "__rich__")
+        renderable = cast_method()
+        renderable_type = type(renderable)
+        if renderable_type in rich_visited_set:
+            break
+        rich_visited_set.add(renderable_type)
+
+    return cast(RenderableType, renderable)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75b3631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Region(NamedTuple):
+    """Defines a rectangular region of the screen."""
+
+    x: int
+    y: int
+    width: int
+    height: int
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f284bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import inspect
+from functools import partial
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+Result = Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[Any], Tuple[str, Any], Tuple[str, Any, Any]]]
+RichReprResult = Result
+
+
+class ReprError(Exception):
+    """An error occurred when attempting to build a repr."""
+
+
+@overload
+def auto(cls: Optional[Type[T]]) -> Type[T]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def auto(*, angular: bool = False) -> Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def auto(
+    cls: Optional[Type[T]] = None, *, angular: Optional[bool] = None
+) -> Union[Type[T], Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]]:
+    """Class decorator to create __repr__ from __rich_repr__"""
+
+    def do_replace(cls: Type[T], angular: Optional[bool] = None) -> Type[T]:
+        def auto_repr(self: T) -> str:
+            """Create repr string from __rich_repr__"""
+            repr_str: List[str] = []
+            append = repr_str.append
+
+            angular: bool = getattr(self.__rich_repr__, "angular", False)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            for arg in self.__rich_repr__():  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                    if len(arg) == 1:
+                        append(repr(arg[0]))
+                    else:
+                        key, value, *default = arg
+                        if key is None:
+                            append(repr(value))
+                        else:
+                            if default and default[0] == value:
+                                continue
+                            append(f"{key}={value!r}")
+                else:
+                    append(repr(arg))
+            if angular:
+                return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {' '.join(repr_str)}>"
+            else:
+                return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({', '.join(repr_str)})"
+
+        def auto_rich_repr(self: Type[T]) -> Result:
+            """Auto generate __rich_rep__ from signature of __init__"""
+            try:
+                signature = inspect.signature(self.__init__)
+                for name, param in signature.parameters.items():
+                    if param.kind == param.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                        yield getattr(self, name)
+                    elif param.kind in (
+                        param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+                        param.KEYWORD_ONLY,
+                    ):
+                        if param.default == param.empty:
+                            yield getattr(self, param.name)
+                        else:
+                            yield param.name, getattr(self, param.name), param.default
+            except Exception as error:
+                raise ReprError(
+                    f"Failed to auto generate __rich_repr__; {error}"
+                ) from None
+
+        if not hasattr(cls, "__rich_repr__"):
+            auto_rich_repr.__doc__ = "Build a rich repr"
+            cls.__rich_repr__ = auto_rich_repr  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        auto_repr.__doc__ = "Return repr(self)"
+        cls.__repr__ = auto_repr  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if angular is not None:
+            cls.__rich_repr__.angular = angular  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return cls
+
+    if cls is None:
+        return partial(do_replace, angular=angular)
+    else:
+        return do_replace(cls, angular=angular)
+
+
+@overload
+def rich_repr(cls: Optional[Type[T]]) -> Type[T]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def rich_repr(*, angular: bool = False) -> Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def rich_repr(
+    cls: Optional[Type[T]] = None, *, angular: bool = False
+) -> Union[Type[T], Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]]:
+    if cls is None:
+        return auto(angular=angular)
+    else:
+        return auto(cls)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    @auto
+    class Foo:
+        def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+            yield "foo"
+            yield "bar", {"shopping": ["eggs", "ham", "pineapple"]}
+            yield "buy", "hand sanitizer"
+
+    foo = Foo()
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("Standard repr")
+    console.print(foo)
+
+    console.print(foo, width=60)
+    console.print(foo, width=30)
+
+    console.rule("Angular repr")
+    Foo.__rich_repr__.angular = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    console.print(foo)
+
+    console.print(foo, width=60)
+    console.print(foo, width=30)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd00ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .cells import cell_len, set_cell_size
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Text
+
+
+class Rule(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable to draw a horizontal rule (line).
+
+    Args:
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): Text to render in the rule. Defaults to "".
+        characters (str, optional): Character(s) used to draw the line. Defaults to "─".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of Rule. Defaults to "rule.line".
+        end (str, optional): Character at end of Rule. defaults to "\\\\n"
+        align (str, optional): How to align the title, one of "left", "center", or "right". Defaults to "center".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        title: Union[str, Text] = "",
+        *,
+        characters: str = "─",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "rule.line",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        align: AlignMethod = "center",
+    ) -> None:
+        if cell_len(characters) < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "'characters' argument must have a cell width of at least 1"
+            )
+        if align not in ("left", "center", "right"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for align, expected "left", "center", "right" (not {align!r})'
+            )
+        self.title = title
+        self.characters = characters
+        self.style = style
+        self.end = end
+        self.align = align
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Rule({self.title!r}, {self.characters!r})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = options.max_width
+
+        characters = (
+            "-"
+            if (options.ascii_only and not self.characters.isascii())
+            else self.characters
+        )
+
+        chars_len = cell_len(characters)
+        if not self.title:
+            yield self._rule_line(chars_len, width)
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(self.title, Text):
+            title_text = self.title
+        else:
+            title_text = console.render_str(self.title, style="rule.text")
+
+        title_text.plain = title_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+        title_text.expand_tabs()
+
+        required_space = 4 if self.align == "center" else 2
+        truncate_width = max(0, width - required_space)
+        if not truncate_width:
+            yield self._rule_line(chars_len, width)
+            return
+
+        rule_text = Text(end=self.end)
+        if self.align == "center":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            side_width = (width - cell_len(title_text.plain)) // 2
+            left = Text(characters * (side_width // chars_len + 1))
+            left.truncate(side_width - 1)
+            right_length = width - cell_len(left.plain) - cell_len(title_text.plain)
+            right = Text(characters * (side_width // chars_len + 1))
+            right.truncate(right_length)
+            rule_text.append(left.plain + " ", self.style)
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+            rule_text.append(" " + right.plain, self.style)
+        elif self.align == "left":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+            rule_text.append(" ")
+            rule_text.append(characters * (width - rule_text.cell_len), self.style)
+        elif self.align == "right":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            rule_text.append(characters * (width - title_text.cell_len - 1), self.style)
+            rule_text.append(" ")
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+
+        rule_text.plain = set_cell_size(rule_text.plain, width)
+        yield rule_text
+
+    def _rule_line(self, chars_len: int, width: int) -> Text:
+        rule_text = Text(self.characters * ((width // chars_len) + 1), self.style)
+        rule_text.truncate(width)
+        rule_text.plain = set_cell_size(rule_text.plain, width)
+        return rule_text
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement(1, 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sys
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    try:
+        text = sys.argv[1]
+    except IndexError:
+        text = "Hello, World"
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(Rule(title=text))
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(Rule("foo"), width=4)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d134c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+
+def render_scope(
+    scope: "Mapping[str, Any]",
+    *,
+    title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+    sort_keys: bool = True,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+    """Render python variables in a given scope.
+
+    Args:
+        scope (Mapping): A mapping containing variable names and values.
+        title (str, optional): Optional title. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Enable sorting of items. Defaults to True.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        ConsoleRenderable: A renderable object.
+    """
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+    items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
+    items_table.add_column(justify="right")
+
+    def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """Sort special variables first, then alphabetically."""
+        key, _ = item
+        return (not key.startswith("__"), key.lower())
+
+    items = sorted(scope.items(), key=sort_items) if sort_keys else scope.items()
+    for key, value in items:
+        key_text = Text.assemble(
+            (key, "scope.key.special" if key.startswith("__") else "scope.key"),
+            (" =", "scope.equals"),
+        )
+        items_table.add_row(
+            key_text,
+            Pretty(
+                value,
+                highlighter=highlighter,
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                max_length=max_length,
+                max_string=max_string,
+            ),
+        )
+    return Panel.fit(
+        items_table,
+        title=title,
+        border_style="scope.border",
+        padding=(0, 1),
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print()
+
+    def test(foo: float, bar: float) -> None:
+        list_of_things = [1, 2, 3, None, 4, True, False, "Hello World"]
+        dict_of_things = {
+            "version": "1.1",
+            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
+            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
+            "id": "194521489",
+        }
+        print(render_scope(locals(), title="[i]locals", sort_keys=False))
+
+    test(20.3423, 3.1427)
+    print()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f416e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+from ._loop import loop_last
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        RenderResult,
+        RenderableType,
+        Group,
+    )
+
+
+class Screen:
+    """A renderable that fills the terminal screen and crops excess.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Child renderable.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Optional background style. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    renderable: "RenderableType"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *renderables: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        application_mode: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+
+        self.renderable = Group(*renderables)
+        self.style = style
+        self.application_mode = application_mode
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        width, height = options.size
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style else None
+        render_options = options.update(width=width, height=height)
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable or "", render_options, style=style, pad=True
+        )
+        lines = Segment.set_shape(lines, width, height, style=style)
+        new_line = Segment("\n\r") if self.application_mode else Segment.line()
+        for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+            yield from line
+            if not last:
+                yield new_line
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e125798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from itertools import filterfalse
+from logging import getLogger
+from operator import attrgetter
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from .cells import (
+    _is_single_cell_widths,
+    cached_cell_len,
+    cell_len,
+    get_character_cell_size,
+    set_cell_size,
+)
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .style import Style
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+log = getLogger("rich")
+
+
+class ControlType(IntEnum):
+    """Non-printable control codes which typically translate to ANSI codes."""
+
+    BELL = 1
+    CARRIAGE_RETURN = 2
+    HOME = 3
+    CLEAR = 4
+    SHOW_CURSOR = 5
+    HIDE_CURSOR = 6
+    ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN = 7
+    DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN = 8
+    CURSOR_UP = 9
+    CURSOR_DOWN = 10
+    CURSOR_FORWARD = 11
+    CURSOR_BACKWARD = 12
+    CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN = 13
+    CURSOR_MOVE_TO = 14
+    ERASE_IN_LINE = 15
+    SET_WINDOW_TITLE = 16
+
+
+ControlCode = Union[
+    Tuple[ControlType],
+    Tuple[ControlType, Union[int, str]],
+    Tuple[ControlType, int, int],
+]
+
+
+@rich_repr()
+class Segment(NamedTuple):
+    """A piece of text with associated style. Segments are produced by the Console render process and
+    are ultimately converted in to strings to be written to the terminal.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A piece of text.
+        style (:class:`~rich.style.Style`, optional): An optional style to apply to the text.
+        control (Tuple[ControlCode], optional): Optional sequence of control codes.
+
+    Attributes:
+        cell_length (int): The cell length of this Segment.
+    """
+
+    text: str
+    style: Optional[Style] = None
+    control: Optional[Sequence[ControlCode]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def cell_length(self) -> int:
+        """The number of terminal cells required to display self.text.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: A number of cells.
+        """
+        text, _style, control = self
+        return 0 if control else cell_len(text)
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield self.text
+        if self.control is None:
+            if self.style is not None:
+                yield self.style
+        else:
+            yield self.style
+            yield self.control
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the segment contains text."""
+        return bool(self.text)
+
+    @property
+    def is_control(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the segment contains control codes."""
+        return self.control is not None
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(1024 * 16)
+    def _split_cells(cls, segment: "Segment", cut: int) -> Tuple["Segment", "Segment"]:
+
+        text, style, control = segment
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        cell_length = segment.cell_length
+        if cut >= cell_length:
+            return segment, _Segment("", style, control)
+
+        cell_size = get_character_cell_size
+
+        pos = int((cut / cell_length) * (len(text) - 1))
+
+        before = text[:pos]
+        cell_pos = cell_len(before)
+        if cell_pos == cut:
+            return (
+                _Segment(before, style, control),
+                _Segment(text[pos:], style, control),
+            )
+        while pos < len(text):
+            char = text[pos]
+            pos += 1
+            cell_pos += cell_size(char)
+            before = text[:pos]
+            if cell_pos == cut:
+                return (
+                    _Segment(before, style, control),
+                    _Segment(text[pos:], style, control),
+                )
+            if cell_pos > cut:
+                return (
+                    _Segment(before[: pos - 1] + " ", style, control),
+                    _Segment(" " + text[pos:], style, control),
+                )
+
+        raise AssertionError("Will never reach here")
+
+    def split_cells(self, cut: int) -> Tuple["Segment", "Segment"]:
+        """Split segment in to two segments at the specified column.
+
+        If the cut point falls in the middle of a 2-cell wide character then it is replaced
+        by two spaces, to preserve the display width of the parent segment.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[Segment, Segment]: Two segments.
+        """
+        text, style, control = self
+
+        if _is_single_cell_widths(text):
+            # Fast path with all 1 cell characters
+            if cut >= len(text):
+                return self, Segment("", style, control)
+            return (
+                Segment(text[:cut], style, control),
+                Segment(text[cut:], style, control),
+            )
+
+        return self._split_cells(self, cut)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def line(cls) -> "Segment":
+        """Make a new line segment."""
+        return cls("\n")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def apply_style(
+        cls,
+        segments: Iterable["Segment"],
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        post_style: Optional[Style] = None,
+    ) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Apply style(s) to an iterable of segments.
+
+        Returns an iterable of segments where the style is replaced by ``style + segment.style + post_style``.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): Segments to process.
+            style (Style, optional): Base style. Defaults to None.
+            post_style (Style, optional): Style to apply on top of segment style. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segments]: A new iterable of segments (possibly the same iterable).
+        """
+        result_segments = segments
+        if style:
+            apply = style.__add__
+            result_segments = (
+                cls(text, None if control else apply(_style), control)
+                for text, _style, control in result_segments
+            )
+        if post_style:
+            result_segments = (
+                cls(
+                    text,
+                    (
+                        None
+                        if control
+                        else (_style + post_style if _style else post_style)
+                    ),
+                    control,
+                )
+                for text, _style, control in result_segments
+            )
+        return result_segments
+
+    @classmethod
+    def filter_control(
+        cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"], is_control: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Filter segments by ``is_control`` attribute.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of Segment instances.
+            is_control (bool, optional): is_control flag to match in search.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: And iterable of Segment instances.
+
+        """
+        if is_control:
+            return filter(attrgetter("control"), segments)
+        else:
+            return filterfalse(attrgetter("control"), segments)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def split_lines(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Split a sequence of segments in to a list of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): Segments potentially containing line feeds.
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[List[Segment]]: Iterable of segment lists, one per line.
+        """
+        line: List[Segment] = []
+        append = line.append
+
+        for segment in segments:
+            if "\n" in segment.text and not segment.control:
+                text, style, _ = segment
+                while text:
+                    _text, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+                    if _text:
+                        append(cls(_text, style))
+                    if new_line:
+                        yield line
+                        line = []
+                        append = line.append
+            else:
+                append(segment)
+        if line:
+            yield line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def split_and_crop_lines(
+        cls,
+        segments: Iterable["Segment"],
+        length: int,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        include_new_lines: bool = True,
+    ) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Split segments in to lines, and crop lines greater than a given length.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments, probably
+                generated from console.render.
+            length (int): Desired line length.
+            style (Style, optional): Style to use for any padding.
+            pad (bool): Enable padding of lines that are less than `length`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[List[Segment]]: An iterable of lines of segments.
+        """
+        line: List[Segment] = []
+        append = line.append
+
+        adjust_line_length = cls.adjust_line_length
+        new_line_segment = cls("\n")
+
+        for segment in segments:
+            if "\n" in segment.text and not segment.control:
+                text, segment_style, _ = segment
+                while text:
+                    _text, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+                    if _text:
+                        append(cls(_text, segment_style))
+                    if new_line:
+                        cropped_line = adjust_line_length(
+                            line, length, style=style, pad=pad
+                        )
+                        if include_new_lines:
+                            cropped_line.append(new_line_segment)
+                        yield cropped_line
+                        line.clear()
+            else:
+                append(segment)
+        if line:
+            yield adjust_line_length(line, length, style=style, pad=pad)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def adjust_line_length(
+        cls,
+        line: List["Segment"],
+        length: int,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+    ) -> List["Segment"]:
+        """Adjust a line to a given width (cropping or padding as required).
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): A list of segments in a single line.
+            length (int): The desired width of the line.
+            style (Style, optional): The style of padding if used (space on the end). Defaults to None.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad lines with spaces if they are shorter than `length`. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Segment]: A line of segments with the desired length.
+        """
+        line_length = sum(segment.cell_length for segment in line)
+        new_line: List[Segment]
+
+        if line_length < length:
+            if pad:
+                new_line = line + [cls(" " * (length - line_length), style)]
+            else:
+                new_line = line[:]
+        elif line_length > length:
+            new_line = []
+            append = new_line.append
+            line_length = 0
+            for segment in line:
+                segment_length = segment.cell_length
+                if line_length + segment_length < length or segment.control:
+                    append(segment)
+                    line_length += segment_length
+                else:
+                    text, segment_style, _ = segment
+                    text = set_cell_size(text, length - line_length)
+                    append(cls(text, segment_style))
+                    break
+        else:
+            new_line = line[:]
+        return new_line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_line_length(cls, line: List["Segment"]) -> int:
+        """Get the length of list of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            line (List[Segment]): A line encoded as a list of Segments (assumes no '\\\\n' characters),
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The length of the line.
+        """
+        _cell_len = cell_len
+        return sum(_cell_len(text) for text, style, control in line if not control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_shape(cls, lines: List[List["Segment"]]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Get the shape (enclosing rectangle) of a list of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines (no '\\\\n' characters).
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[int, int]: Width and height in characters.
+        """
+        get_line_length = cls.get_line_length
+        max_width = max(get_line_length(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0
+        return (max_width, len(lines))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def set_shape(
+        cls,
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Set the shape of a list of lines (enclosing rectangle).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style, optional): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        _height = height or len(lines)
+
+        blank = (
+            [cls(" " * width + "\n", style)] if new_lines else [cls(" " * width, style)]
+        )
+
+        adjust_line_length = cls.adjust_line_length
+        shaped_lines = lines[:_height]
+        shaped_lines[:] = [
+            adjust_line_length(line, width, style=style) for line in lines
+        ]
+        if len(shaped_lines) < _height:
+            shaped_lines.extend([blank] * (_height - len(shaped_lines)))
+        return shaped_lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_top(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns lines to top (adds extra lines to bottom as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        lines = lines + [[blank]] * extra_lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_bottom(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns render to bottom (adds extra lines above as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added. Defaults to None.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        lines = [[blank]] * extra_lines + lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_middle(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns lines to middle (adds extra lines to above and below as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        top_lines = extra_lines // 2
+        bottom_lines = extra_lines - top_lines
+        lines = [[blank]] * top_lines + lines + [[blank]] * bottom_lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simplify(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Simplify an iterable of segments by combining contiguous segments with the same style.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: A possibly smaller iterable of segments that will render the same way.
+        """
+        iter_segments = iter(segments)
+        try:
+            last_segment = next(iter_segments)
+        except StopIteration:
+            return
+
+        _Segment = Segment
+        for segment in iter_segments:
+            if last_segment.style == segment.style and not segment.control:
+                last_segment = _Segment(
+                    last_segment.text + segment.text, last_segment.style
+                )
+            else:
+                yield last_segment
+                last_segment = segment
+        yield last_segment
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_links(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all links from an iterable of styles.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with link removed.
+        """
+        for segment in segments:
+            if segment.control or segment.style is None:
+                yield segment
+            else:
+                text, style, _control = segment
+                yield cls(text, style.update_link(None) if style else None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_styles(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all styles from an iterable of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with styles replace with None
+        """
+        for text, _style, control in segments:
+            yield cls(text, None, control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def remove_color(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all color from an iterable of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with colorless style.
+        """
+
+        cache: Dict[Style, Style] = {}
+        for text, style, control in segments:
+            if style:
+                colorless_style = cache.get(style)
+                if colorless_style is None:
+                    colorless_style = style.without_color
+                    cache[style] = colorless_style
+                yield cls(text, colorless_style, control)
+            else:
+                yield cls(text, None, control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def divide(
+        cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"], cuts: Iterable[int]
+    ) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Divides an iterable of segments in to portions.
+
+        Args:
+            cuts (Iterable[int]): Cell positions where to divide.
+
+        Yields:
+            [Iterable[List[Segment]]]: An iterable of Segments in List.
+        """
+        split_segments: List["Segment"] = []
+        add_segment = split_segments.append
+
+        iter_cuts = iter(cuts)
+
+        while True:
+            cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+            if cut == -1:
+                return []
+            if cut != 0:
+                break
+            yield []
+        pos = 0
+
+        segments_clear = split_segments.clear
+        segments_copy = split_segments.copy
+
+        _cell_len = cached_cell_len
+        for segment in segments:
+            text, _style, control = segment
+            while text:
+                end_pos = pos if control else pos + _cell_len(text)
+                if end_pos < cut:
+                    add_segment(segment)
+                    pos = end_pos
+                    break
+
+                if end_pos == cut:
+                    add_segment(segment)
+                    yield segments_copy()
+                    segments_clear()
+                    pos = end_pos
+
+                    cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+                    if cut == -1:
+                        if split_segments:
+                            yield segments_copy()
+                        return
+
+                    break
+
+                else:
+                    before, segment = segment.split_cells(cut - pos)
+                    text, _style, control = segment
+                    add_segment(before)
+                    yield segments_copy()
+                    segments_clear()
+                    pos = cut
+
+                cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+                if cut == -1:
+                    if split_segments:
+                        yield segments_copy()
+                    return
+
+        yield segments_copy()
+
+
+class Segments:
+    """A simple renderable to render an iterable of segments. This class may be useful if
+    you want to print segments outside of a __rich_console__ method.
+
+    Args:
+        segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments.
+        new_lines (bool, optional): Add new lines between segments. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, segments: Iterable[Segment], new_lines: bool = False) -> None:
+        self.segments = list(segments)
+        self.new_lines = new_lines
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.new_lines:
+            line = Segment.line()
+            for segment in self.segments:
+                yield segment
+                yield line
+        else:
+            yield from self.segments
+
+
+class SegmentLines:
+    def __init__(self, lines: Iterable[List[Segment]], new_lines: bool = False) -> None:
+        """A simple renderable containing a number of lines of segments. May be used as an intermediate
+        in rendering process.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[List[Segment]]): Lists of segments forming lines.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Insert new lines after each line. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        self.lines = list(lines)
+        self.new_lines = new_lines
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.new_lines:
+            new_line = Segment.line()
+            for line in self.lines:
+                yield from line
+                yield new_line
+        else:
+            for line in self.lines:
+                yield from line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    code = """from rich.console import Console
+console = Console()
+text = Text.from_markup("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/]!")
+console.print(text)"""
+
+    text = Text.from_markup("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/]!")
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("rich.Segment")
+    console.print(
+        "A Segment is the last step in the Rich render process before generating text with ANSI codes."
+    )
+    console.print("\nConsider the following code:\n")
+    console.print(Syntax(code, "python", line_numbers=True))
+    console.print()
+    console.print(
+        "When you call [b]print()[/b], Rich [i]renders[/i] the object in to the following:\n"
+    )
+    fragments = list(console.render(text))
+    console.print(fragments)
+    console.print()
+    console.print("The Segments are then processed to produce the following output:\n")
+    console.print(text)
+    console.print(
+        "\nYou will only need to know this if you are implementing your own Rich renderables."
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ea630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+from ._spinners import SPINNERS
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
+    from .style import StyleType
+
+
+class Spinner:
+    """A spinner animation.
+
+    Args:
+        name (str): Name of spinner (run python -m rich.spinner).
+        text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+
+    Raises:
+        KeyError: If name isn't one of the supported spinner animations.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        text: "RenderableType" = "",
+        *,
+        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            spinner = SPINNERS[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(f"no spinner called {name!r}")
+        self.text: "Union[RenderableType, Text]" = (
+            Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
+        )
+        self.frames = cast(List[str], spinner["frames"])[:]
+        self.interval = cast(float, spinner["interval"])
+        self.start_time: Optional[float] = None
+        self.style = style
+        self.speed = speed
+        self.frame_no_offset: float = 0.0
+        self._update_speed = 0.0
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        yield self.render(console.get_time())
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        text = self.render(0)
+        return Measurement.get(console, options, text)
+
+    def render(self, time: float) -> "RenderableType":
+        """Render the spinner for a given time.
+
+        Args:
+            time (float): Time in seconds.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: A renderable containing animation frame.
+        """
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            self.start_time = time
+
+        frame_no = ((time - self.start_time) * self.speed) / (
+            self.interval / 1000.0
+        ) + self.frame_no_offset
+        frame = Text(
+            self.frames[int(frame_no) % len(self.frames)], style=self.style or ""
+        )
+
+        if self._update_speed:
+            self.frame_no_offset = frame_no
+            self.start_time = time
+            self.speed = self._update_speed
+            self._update_speed = 0.0
+
+        if not self.text:
+            return frame
+        elif isinstance(self.text, (str, Text)):
+            return Text.assemble(frame, " ", self.text)
+        else:
+            table = Table.grid(padding=1)
+            table.add_row(frame, self.text)
+            return table
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        text: "RenderableType" = "",
+        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
+        speed: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Updates attributes of a spinner after it has been started.
+
+        Args:
+            text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
+            style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if text:
+            self.text = Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
+        if style:
+            self.style = style
+        if speed:
+            self._update_speed = speed
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    from .columns import Columns
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .live import Live
+
+    all_spinners = Columns(
+        [
+            Spinner(spinner_name, text=Text(repr(spinner_name), style="green"))
+            for spinner_name in sorted(SPINNERS.keys())
+        ],
+        column_first=True,
+        expand=True,
+    )
+
+    with Live(
+        Panel(all_spinners, title="Spinners", border_style="blue"),
+        refresh_per_second=20,
+    ) as live:
+        while True:
+            sleep(0.1)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09eff40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+from .console import Console, RenderableType
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live import Live
+from .spinner import Spinner
+from .style import StyleType
+
+
+class Status(JupyterMixin):
+    """Displays a status indicator with a 'spinner' animation.
+
+    Args:
+        status (RenderableType): A status renderable (str or Text typically).
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance to use, or None for global console. Defaults to None.
+        spinner (str, optional): Name of spinner animation (see python -m rich.spinner). Defaults to "dots".
+        spinner_style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "status.spinner".
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for spinner animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+        refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of refreshes per second. Defaults to 12.5.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        spinner: str = "dots",
+        spinner_style: StyleType = "status.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 12.5,
+    ):
+        self.status = status
+        self.spinner_style = spinner_style
+        self.speed = speed
+        self._spinner = Spinner(spinner, text=status, style=spinner_style, speed=speed)
+        self._live = Live(
+            self.renderable,
+            console=console,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+            transient=True,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> Spinner:
+        return self._spinner
+
+    @property
+    def console(self) -> "Console":
+        """Get the Console used by the Status objects."""
+        return self._live.console
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        status: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        spinner: Optional[str] = None,
+        spinner_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        speed: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update status.
+
+        Args:
+            status (Optional[RenderableType], optional): New status renderable or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            spinner (Optional[str], optional): New spinner or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            spinner_style (Optional[StyleType], optional): New spinner style or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            speed (Optional[float], optional): Speed factor for spinner animation or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if status is not None:
+            self.status = status
+        if spinner_style is not None:
+            self.spinner_style = spinner_style
+        if speed is not None:
+            self.speed = speed
+        if spinner is not None:
+            self._spinner = Spinner(
+                spinner, text=self.status, style=self.spinner_style, speed=self.speed
+            )
+            self._live.update(self.renderable, refresh=True)
+        else:
+            self._spinner.update(
+                text=self.status, style=self.spinner_style, speed=self.speed
+            )
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start the status animation."""
+        self._live.start()
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the spinner animation."""
+        self._live.stop()
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> RenderableType:
+        return self.renderable
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Status":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from time import sleep
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    with console.status("[magenta]Covid detector booting up") as status:
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Importing advanced AI")
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Advanced Covid AI Ready")
+        sleep(3)
+        status.update(status="[bold blue] Scanning for Covid", spinner="earth")
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Found 10,000,000,000 copies of Covid32.exe")
+        sleep(3)
+        status.update(
+            status="[bold red]Moving Covid32.exe to Trash",
+            spinner="bouncingBall",
+            spinner_style="yellow",
+        )
+        sleep(5)
+    console.print("[bold green]Covid deleted successfully")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..313c889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from marshal import dumps, loads
+from random import randint
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union, cast
+
+from . import errors
+from .color import Color, ColorParseError, ColorSystem, blend_rgb
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, TerminalTheme
+
+# Style instances and style definitions are often interchangeable
+StyleType = Union[str, "Style"]
+
+
+class _Bit:
+    """A descriptor to get/set a style attribute bit."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["bit"]
+
+    def __init__(self, bit_no: int) -> None:
+        self.bit = 1 << bit_no
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: "Style", objtype: Type["Style"]) -> Optional[bool]:
+        if obj._set_attributes & self.bit:
+            return obj._attributes & self.bit != 0
+        return None
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Style:
+    """A terminal style.
+
+    A terminal style consists of a color (`color`), a background color (`bgcolor`), and a number of attributes, such
+    as bold, italic etc. The attributes have 3 states: they can either be on
+    (``True``), off (``False``), or not set (``None``).
+
+    Args:
+        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal text. Defaults to None.
+        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal background. Defaults to None.
+        bold (bool, optional): Enable bold text. Defaults to None.
+        dim (bool, optional): Enable dim text. Defaults to None.
+        italic (bool, optional): Enable italic text. Defaults to None.
+        underline (bool, optional): Enable underlined text. Defaults to None.
+        blink (bool, optional): Enabled blinking text. Defaults to None.
+        blink2 (bool, optional): Enable fast blinking text. Defaults to None.
+        reverse (bool, optional): Enabled reverse text. Defaults to None.
+        conceal (bool, optional): Enable concealed text. Defaults to None.
+        strike (bool, optional): Enable strikethrough text. Defaults to None.
+        underline2 (bool, optional): Enable doubly underlined text. Defaults to None.
+        frame (bool, optional): Enable framed text. Defaults to None.
+        encircle (bool, optional): Enable encircled text. Defaults to None.
+        overline (bool, optional): Enable overlined text. Defaults to None.
+        link (str, link): Link URL. Defaults to None.
+
+    """
+
+    _color: Optional[Color]
+    _bgcolor: Optional[Color]
+    _attributes: int
+    _set_attributes: int
+    _hash: Optional[int]
+    _null: bool
+    _meta: Optional[bytes]
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_color",
+        "_bgcolor",
+        "_attributes",
+        "_set_attributes",
+        "_link",
+        "_link_id",
+        "_ansi",
+        "_style_definition",
+        "_hash",
+        "_null",
+        "_meta",
+    ]
+
+    # maps bits on to SGR parameter
+    _style_map = {
+        0: "1",
+        1: "2",
+        2: "3",
+        3: "4",
+        4: "5",
+        5: "6",
+        6: "7",
+        7: "8",
+        8: "9",
+        9: "21",
+        10: "51",
+        11: "52",
+        12: "53",
+    }
+
+    STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = {
+        "dim": "dim",
+        "d": "dim",
+        "bold": "bold",
+        "b": "bold",
+        "italic": "italic",
+        "i": "italic",
+        "underline": "underline",
+        "u": "underline",
+        "blink": "blink",
+        "blink2": "blink2",
+        "reverse": "reverse",
+        "r": "reverse",
+        "conceal": "conceal",
+        "c": "conceal",
+        "strike": "strike",
+        "s": "strike",
+        "underline2": "underline2",
+        "uu": "underline2",
+        "frame": "frame",
+        "encircle": "encircle",
+        "overline": "overline",
+        "o": "overline",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
+        bgcolor: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
+        bold: Optional[bool] = None,
+        dim: Optional[bool] = None,
+        italic: Optional[bool] = None,
+        underline: Optional[bool] = None,
+        blink: Optional[bool] = None,
+        blink2: Optional[bool] = None,
+        reverse: Optional[bool] = None,
+        conceal: Optional[bool] = None,
+        strike: Optional[bool] = None,
+        underline2: Optional[bool] = None,
+        frame: Optional[bool] = None,
+        encircle: Optional[bool] = None,
+        overline: Optional[bool] = None,
+        link: Optional[str] = None,
+        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        self._ansi: Optional[str] = None
+        self._style_definition: Optional[str] = None
+
+        def _make_color(color: Union[Color, str]) -> Color:
+            return color if isinstance(color, Color) else Color.parse(color)
+
+        self._color = None if color is None else _make_color(color)
+        self._bgcolor = None if bgcolor is None else _make_color(bgcolor)
+        self._set_attributes = sum(
+            (
+                bold is not None,
+                dim is not None and 2,
+                italic is not None and 4,
+                underline is not None and 8,
+                blink is not None and 16,
+                blink2 is not None and 32,
+                reverse is not None and 64,
+                conceal is not None and 128,
+                strike is not None and 256,
+                underline2 is not None and 512,
+                frame is not None and 1024,
+                encircle is not None and 2048,
+                overline is not None and 4096,
+            )
+        )
+        self._attributes = (
+            sum(
+                (
+                    bold and 1 or 0,
+                    dim and 2 or 0,
+                    italic and 4 or 0,
+                    underline and 8 or 0,
+                    blink and 16 or 0,
+                    blink2 and 32 or 0,
+                    reverse and 64 or 0,
+                    conceal and 128 or 0,
+                    strike and 256 or 0,
+                    underline2 and 512 or 0,
+                    frame and 1024 or 0,
+                    encircle and 2048 or 0,
+                    overline and 4096 or 0,
+                )
+            )
+            if self._set_attributes
+            else 0
+        )
+
+        self._link = link
+        self._meta = None if meta is None else dumps(meta)
+        self._link_id = (
+            f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(self._meta)}" if (link or meta) else ""
+        )
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+        self._null = not (self._set_attributes or color or bgcolor or link or meta)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def null(cls) -> "Style":
+        """Create an 'null' style, equivalent to Style(), but more performant."""
+        return NULL_STYLE
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_color(
+        cls, color: Optional[Color] = None, bgcolor: Optional[Color] = None
+    ) -> "Style":
+        """Create a new style with colors and no attributes.
+
+        Returns:
+            color (Optional[Color]): A (foreground) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
+            bgcolor (Optional[Color]): A (background) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = color
+        style._bgcolor = bgcolor
+        style._set_attributes = 0
+        style._attributes = 0
+        style._link = None
+        style._link_id = ""
+        style._meta = None
+        style._null = not (color or bgcolor)
+        style._hash = None
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_meta(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> "Style":
+        """Create a new style with meta data.
+
+        Returns:
+            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): A dictionary of meta data. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = None
+        style._bgcolor = None
+        style._set_attributes = 0
+        style._attributes = 0
+        style._link = None
+        style._meta = dumps(meta)
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(style._meta)}"
+        style._hash = None
+        style._null = not (meta)
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    def on(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Style":
+        """Create a blank style with meta information.
+
+        Example:
+            style = Style.on(click=self.on_click)
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): An optional dict of meta information.
+            **handlers (Any): Keyword arguments are translated in to handlers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style with meta information attached.
+        """
+        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
+        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
+        return cls.from_meta(meta)
+
+    bold = _Bit(0)
+    dim = _Bit(1)
+    italic = _Bit(2)
+    underline = _Bit(3)
+    blink = _Bit(4)
+    blink2 = _Bit(5)
+    reverse = _Bit(6)
+    conceal = _Bit(7)
+    strike = _Bit(8)
+    underline2 = _Bit(9)
+    frame = _Bit(10)
+    encircle = _Bit(11)
+    overline = _Bit(12)
+
+    @property
+    def link_id(self) -> str:
+        """Get a link id, used in ansi code for links."""
+        return self._link_id
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Re-generate style definition from attributes."""
+        if self._style_definition is None:
+            attributes: List[str] = []
+            append = attributes.append
+            bits = self._set_attributes
+            if bits & 0b0000000001111:
+                if bits & 1:
+                    append("bold" if self.bold else "not bold")
+                if bits & (1 << 1):
+                    append("dim" if self.dim else "not dim")
+                if bits & (1 << 2):
+                    append("italic" if self.italic else "not italic")
+                if bits & (1 << 3):
+                    append("underline" if self.underline else "not underline")
+            if bits & 0b0000111110000:
+                if bits & (1 << 4):
+                    append("blink" if self.blink else "not blink")
+                if bits & (1 << 5):
+                    append("blink2" if self.blink2 else "not blink2")
+                if bits & (1 << 6):
+                    append("reverse" if self.reverse else "not reverse")
+                if bits & (1 << 7):
+                    append("conceal" if self.conceal else "not conceal")
+                if bits & (1 << 8):
+                    append("strike" if self.strike else "not strike")
+            if bits & 0b1111000000000:
+                if bits & (1 << 9):
+                    append("underline2" if self.underline2 else "not underline2")
+                if bits & (1 << 10):
+                    append("frame" if self.frame else "not frame")
+                if bits & (1 << 11):
+                    append("encircle" if self.encircle else "not encircle")
+                if bits & (1 << 12):
+                    append("overline" if self.overline else "not overline")
+            if self._color is not None:
+                append(self._color.name)
+            if self._bgcolor is not None:
+                append("on")
+                append(self._bgcolor.name)
+            if self._link:
+                append("link")
+                append(self._link)
+            self._style_definition = " ".join(attributes) or "none"
+        return self._style_definition
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """A Style is false if it has no attributes, colors, or links."""
+        return not self._null
+
+    def _make_ansi_codes(self, color_system: ColorSystem) -> str:
+        """Generate ANSI codes for this style.
+
+        Args:
+            color_system (ColorSystem): Color system.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing codes.
+        """
+
+        if self._ansi is None:
+            sgr: List[str] = []
+            append = sgr.append
+            _style_map = self._style_map
+            attributes = self._attributes & self._set_attributes
+            if attributes:
+                if attributes & 1:
+                    append(_style_map[0])
+                if attributes & 2:
+                    append(_style_map[1])
+                if attributes & 4:
+                    append(_style_map[2])
+                if attributes & 8:
+                    append(_style_map[3])
+                if attributes & 0b0000111110000:
+                    for bit in range(4, 9):
+                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
+                            append(_style_map[bit])
+                if attributes & 0b1111000000000:
+                    for bit in range(9, 13):
+                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
+                            append(_style_map[bit])
+            if self._color is not None:
+                sgr.extend(self._color.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes())
+            if self._bgcolor is not None:
+                sgr.extend(
+                    self._bgcolor.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes(
+                        foreground=False
+                    )
+                )
+            self._ansi = ";".join(sgr)
+        return self._ansi
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def normalize(cls, style: str) -> str:
+        """Normalize a style definition so that styles with the same effect have the same string
+        representation.
+
+        Args:
+            style (str): A style definition.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Normal form of style definition.
+        """
+        try:
+            return str(cls.parse(style))
+        except errors.StyleSyntaxError:
+            return style.strip().lower()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def pick_first(cls, *values: Optional[StyleType]) -> StyleType:
+        """Pick first non-None style."""
+        for value in values:
+            if value is not None:
+                return value
+        raise ValueError("expected at least one non-None style")
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield "color", self.color, None
+        yield "bgcolor", self.bgcolor, None
+        yield "bold", self.bold, None,
+        yield "dim", self.dim, None,
+        yield "italic", self.italic, None
+        yield "underline", self.underline, None,
+        yield "blink", self.blink, None
+        yield "blink2", self.blink2, None
+        yield "reverse", self.reverse, None
+        yield "conceal", self.conceal, None
+        yield "strike", self.strike, None
+        yield "underline2", self.underline2, None
+        yield "frame", self.frame, None
+        yield "encircle", self.encircle, None
+        yield "link", self.link, None
+        if self._meta:
+            yield "meta", self.meta
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Style):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__hash__() == other.__hash__()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Style):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__hash__() != other.__hash__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+        self._hash = hash(
+            (
+                self._color,
+                self._bgcolor,
+                self._attributes,
+                self._set_attributes,
+                self._link,
+                self._meta,
+            )
+        )
+        return self._hash
+
+    @property
+    def color(self) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """The foreground color or None if it is not set."""
+        return self._color
+
+    @property
+    def bgcolor(self) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """The background color or None if it is not set."""
+        return self._bgcolor
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Link text, if set."""
+        return self._link
+
+    @property
+    def transparent_background(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the style specified a transparent background."""
+        return self.bgcolor is None or self.bgcolor.is_default
+
+    @property
+    def background_style(self) -> "Style":
+        """A Style with background only."""
+        return Style(bgcolor=self.bgcolor)
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get meta information (can not be changed after construction)."""
+        return {} if self._meta is None else cast(Dict[str, Any], loads(self._meta))
+
+    @property
+    def without_color(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of the style with color removed."""
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = None
+        style._bgcolor = None
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = self._link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = None
+        style._hash = None
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+    def parse(cls, style_definition: str) -> "Style":
+        """Parse a style definition.
+
+        Args:
+            style_definition (str): A string containing a style.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.StyleSyntaxError: If the style definition syntax is invalid.
+
+        Returns:
+            `Style`: A Style instance.
+        """
+        if style_definition.strip() == "none" or not style_definition:
+            return cls.null()
+
+        STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = cls.STYLE_ATTRIBUTES
+        color: Optional[str] = None
+        bgcolor: Optional[str] = None
+        attributes: Dict[str, Optional[Any]] = {}
+        link: Optional[str] = None
+
+        words = iter(style_definition.split())
+        for original_word in words:
+            word = original_word.lower()
+            if word == "on":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                if not word:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("color expected after 'on'")
+                try:
+                    Color.parse(word) is None
+                except ColorParseError as error:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as background color; {error}"
+                    ) from None
+                bgcolor = word
+
+            elif word == "not":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                attribute = STYLE_ATTRIBUTES.get(word)
+                if attribute is None:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"expected style attribute after 'not', found {word!r}"
+                    )
+                attributes[attribute] = False
+
+            elif word == "link":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                if not word:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("URL expected after 'link'")
+                link = word
+
+            elif word in STYLE_ATTRIBUTES:
+                attributes[STYLE_ATTRIBUTES[word]] = True
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    Color.parse(word)
+                except ColorParseError as error:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as color; {error}"
+                    ) from None
+                color = word
+        style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor, link=link, **attributes)
+        return style
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def get_html_style(self, theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None) -> str:
+        """Get a CSS style rule."""
+        theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        css: List[str] = []
+        append = css.append
+
+        color = self.color
+        bgcolor = self.bgcolor
+        if self.reverse:
+            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+        if self.dim:
+            foreground_color = (
+                theme.foreground_color if color is None else color.get_truecolor(theme)
+            )
+            color = Color.from_triplet(
+                blend_rgb(foreground_color, theme.background_color, 0.5)
+            )
+        if color is not None:
+            theme_color = color.get_truecolor(theme)
+            append(f"color: {theme_color.hex}")
+            append(f"text-decoration-color: {theme_color.hex}")
+        if bgcolor is not None:
+            theme_color = bgcolor.get_truecolor(theme, foreground=False)
+            append(f"background-color: {theme_color.hex}")
+        if self.bold:
+            append("font-weight: bold")
+        if self.italic:
+            append("font-style: italic")
+        if self.underline:
+            append("text-decoration: underline")
+        if self.strike:
+            append("text-decoration: line-through")
+        if self.overline:
+            append("text-decoration: overline")
+        return "; ".join(css)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def combine(cls, styles: Iterable["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        """Combine styles and get result.
+
+        Args:
+            styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new style instance.
+        """
+        iter_styles = iter(styles)
+        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def chain(cls, *styles: "Style") -> "Style":
+        """Combine styles from positional argument in to a single style.
+
+        Args:
+            *styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new style instance.
+        """
+        iter_styles = iter(styles)
+        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of this style.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new Style instance with identical attributes.
+        """
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = self._link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
+        style._hash = self._hash
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = self._meta
+        return style
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+    def clear_meta_and_links(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of this style with link and meta information removed.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: New style object.
+        """
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = None
+        style._link_id = ""
+        style._hash = self._hash
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = None
+        return style
+
+    def update_link(self, link: Optional[str] = None) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy with a different value for link.
+
+        Args:
+            link (str, optional): New value for link. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new Style instance.
+        """
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if link else ""
+        style._hash = None
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = self._meta
+        return style
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        text: str = "",
+        *,
+        color_system: Optional[ColorSystem] = ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
+        legacy_windows: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render the ANSI codes for the style.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str, optional): A string to style. Defaults to "".
+            color_system (Optional[ColorSystem], optional): Color system to render to. Defaults to ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string containing ANSI style codes.
+        """
+        if not text or color_system is None:
+            return text
+        attrs = self._ansi or self._make_ansi_codes(color_system)
+        rendered = f"\x1b[{attrs}m{text}\x1b[0m" if attrs else text
+        if self._link and not legacy_windows:
+            rendered = (
+                f"\x1b]8;id={self._link_id};{self._link}\x1b\\{rendered}\x1b]8;;\x1b\\"
+            )
+        return rendered
+
+    def test(self, text: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Write text with style directly to terminal.
+
+        This method is for testing purposes only.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Optional[str], optional): Text to style or None for style name.
+
+        """
+        text = text or str(self)
+        sys.stdout.write(f"{self.render(text)}\n")
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def _add(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        if style is None or style._null:
+            return self
+        if self._null:
+            return style
+        new_style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        new_style._ansi = None
+        new_style._style_definition = None
+        new_style._color = style._color or self._color
+        new_style._bgcolor = style._bgcolor or self._bgcolor
+        new_style._attributes = (self._attributes & ~style._set_attributes) | (
+            style._attributes & style._set_attributes
+        )
+        new_style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes | style._set_attributes
+        new_style._link = style._link or self._link
+        new_style._link_id = style._link_id or self._link_id
+        new_style._null = style._null
+        if self._meta and style._meta:
+            new_style._meta = dumps({**self.meta, **style.meta})
+        else:
+            new_style._meta = self._meta or style._meta
+        new_style._hash = None
+        return new_style
+
+    def __add__(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        combined_style = self._add(style)
+        return combined_style.copy() if combined_style.link else combined_style
+
+
+NULL_STYLE = Style()
+
+
+class StyleStack:
+    """A stack of styles."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_stack"]
+
+    def __init__(self, default_style: "Style") -> None:
+        self._stack: List[Style] = [default_style]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<stylestack {self._stack!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def current(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the Style at the top of the stack."""
+        return self._stack[-1]
+
+    def push(self, style: Style) -> None:
+        """Push a new style on to the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Style): New style to combine with current style.
+        """
+        self._stack.append(self._stack[-1] + style)
+
+    def pop(self) -> Style:
+        """Pop last style and discard.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: New current style (also available as stack.current)
+        """
+        self._stack.pop()
+        return self._stack[-1]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91cd0db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
+
+
+class Styled:
+    """Apply a style to a renderable.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable.
+        style (StyleType): A style to apply across the entire renderable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, renderable: "RenderableType", style: "StyleType") -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        rendered_segments = console.render(self.renderable, options)
+        segments = Segment.apply_style(rendered_segments, style)
+        return segments
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    panel = Styled(Panel("hello"), "on blue")
+    print(panel)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5703376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+import os.path
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import Lexer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name, guess_lexer_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import Style as PygmentsStyle
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import (
+    Comment,
+    Error,
+    Generic,
+    Keyword,
+    Name,
+    Number,
+    Operator,
+    String,
+    Token,
+    Whitespace,
+)
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.containers import Lines
+from pip._vendor.rich.padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+
+from ._loop import loop_first
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .color import Color, blend_rgb
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, JustifyMethod, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment, Segments
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text
+
+TokenType = Tuple[str, ...]
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+DEFAULT_THEME = "monokai"
+
+# The following styles are based on https://github.com/pygments/pygments/blob/master/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
+# A few modifications were made
+
+ANSI_LIGHT: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {
+    Token: Style(),
+    Whitespace: Style(color="white"),
+    Comment: Style(dim=True),
+    Comment.Preproc: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Keyword: Style(color="blue"),
+    Keyword.Type: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Operator.Word: Style(color="magenta"),
+    Name.Builtin: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Function: Style(color="green"),
+    Name.Namespace: Style(color="cyan", underline=True),
+    Name.Class: Style(color="green", underline=True),
+    Name.Exception: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Decorator: Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    Name.Variable: Style(color="red"),
+    Name.Constant: Style(color="red"),
+    Name.Attribute: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Tag: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    String: Style(color="yellow"),
+    Number: Style(color="blue"),
+    Generic.Deleted: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Generic.Inserted: Style(color="green"),
+    Generic.Heading: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Subheading: Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    Generic.Prompt: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Error: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Error: Style(color="red", underline=True),
+}
+
+ANSI_DARK: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {
+    Token: Style(),
+    Whitespace: Style(color="bright_black"),
+    Comment: Style(dim=True),
+    Comment.Preproc: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Keyword: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    Keyword.Type: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Operator.Word: Style(color="bright_magenta"),
+    Name.Builtin: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Function: Style(color="bright_green"),
+    Name.Namespace: Style(color="bright_cyan", underline=True),
+    Name.Class: Style(color="bright_green", underline=True),
+    Name.Exception: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Decorator: Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    Name.Variable: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Name.Constant: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Name.Attribute: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Tag: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    String: Style(color="yellow"),
+    Number: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    Generic.Deleted: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Generic.Inserted: Style(color="bright_green"),
+    Generic.Heading: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Subheading: Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    Generic.Prompt: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Error: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Error: Style(color="red", underline=True),
+}
+
+RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES = {"ansi_light": ANSI_LIGHT, "ansi_dark": ANSI_DARK}
+NUMBERS_COLUMN_DEFAULT_PADDING = 2
+
+
+class SyntaxTheme(ABC):
+    """Base class for a syntax theme."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Get a style for a given Pygments token."""
+        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the background color."""
+        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class PygmentsSyntaxTheme(SyntaxTheme):
+    """Syntax theme that delegates to Pygments theme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, theme: Union[str, Type[PygmentsStyle]]) -> None:
+        self._style_cache: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {}
+        if isinstance(theme, str):
+            try:
+                self._pygments_style_class = get_style_by_name(theme)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                self._pygments_style_class = get_style_by_name("default")
+        else:
+            self._pygments_style_class = theme
+
+        self._background_color = self._pygments_style_class.background_color
+        self._background_style = Style(bgcolor=self._background_color)
+
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Get a style from a Pygments class."""
+        try:
+            return self._style_cache[token_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            try:
+                pygments_style = self._pygments_style_class.style_for_token(token_type)
+            except KeyError:
+                style = Style.null()
+            else:
+                color = pygments_style["color"]
+                bgcolor = pygments_style["bgcolor"]
+                style = Style(
+                    color="#" + color if color else "#000000",
+                    bgcolor="#" + bgcolor if bgcolor else self._background_color,
+                    bold=pygments_style["bold"],
+                    italic=pygments_style["italic"],
+                    underline=pygments_style["underline"],
+                )
+            self._style_cache[token_type] = style
+        return style
+
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        return self._background_style
+
+
+class ANSISyntaxTheme(SyntaxTheme):
+    """Syntax theme to use standard colors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, style_map: Dict[TokenType, Style]) -> None:
+        self.style_map = style_map
+        self._missing_style = Style.null()
+        self._background_style = Style.null()
+        self._style_cache: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {}
+
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Look up style in the style map."""
+        try:
+            return self._style_cache[token_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            # Styles form a hierarchy
+            # We need to go from most to least specific
+            # e.g. ("foo", "bar", "baz") to ("foo", "bar")  to ("foo",)
+            get_style = self.style_map.get
+            token = tuple(token_type)
+            style = self._missing_style
+            while token:
+                _style = get_style(token)
+                if _style is not None:
+                    style = _style
+                    break
+                token = token[:-1]
+            self._style_cache[token_type] = style
+            return style
+
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        return self._background_style
+
+
+SyntaxPosition = Tuple[int, int]
+
+
+class _SyntaxHighlightRange(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    A range to highlight in a Syntax object.
+    `start` and `end` are 2-integers tuples, where the first integer is the line number
+    (starting from 1) and the second integer is the column index (starting from 0).
+    """
+
+    style: StyleType
+    start: SyntaxPosition
+    end: SyntaxPosition
+
+
+class Syntax(JupyterMixin):
+    """Construct a Syntax object to render syntax highlighted code.
+
+    Args:
+        code (str): Code to highlight.
+        lexer (Lexer | str): Lexer to use (see https://pygments.org/docs/lexers/)
+        theme (str, optional): Color theme, aka Pygments style (see https://pygments.org/docs/styles/#getting-a-list-of-available-styles). Defaults to "monokai".
+        dedent (bool, optional): Enable stripping of initial whitespace. Defaults to False.
+        line_numbers (bool, optional): Enable rendering of line numbers. Defaults to False.
+        start_line (int, optional): Starting number for line numbers. Defaults to 1.
+        line_range (Tuple[int | None, int | None], optional): If given should be a tuple of the start and end line to render.
+            A value of None in the tuple indicates the range is open in that direction.
+        highlight_lines (Set[int]): A set of line numbers to highlight.
+        code_width: Width of code to render (not including line numbers), or ``None`` to use all available width.
+        tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 4.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping.
+        background_color (str, optional): Optional background color, or None to use theme color. Defaults to None.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Show indent guides. Defaults to False.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions): Padding to apply around the syntax. Defaults to 0 (no padding).
+    """
+
+    _pygments_style_class: Type[PygmentsStyle]
+    _theme: SyntaxTheme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_theme(cls, name: Union[str, SyntaxTheme]) -> SyntaxTheme:
+        """Get a syntax theme instance."""
+        if isinstance(name, SyntaxTheme):
+            return name
+        theme: SyntaxTheme
+        if name in RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES:
+            theme = ANSISyntaxTheme(RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES[name])
+        else:
+            theme = PygmentsSyntaxTheme(name)
+        return theme
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: str,
+        lexer: Union[Lexer, str],
+        *,
+        theme: Union[str, SyntaxTheme] = DEFAULT_THEME,
+        dedent: bool = False,
+        line_numbers: bool = False,
+        start_line: int = 1,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]] = None,
+        highlight_lines: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
+        code_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 4,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        background_color: Optional[str] = None,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self._lexer = lexer
+        self.dedent = dedent
+        self.line_numbers = line_numbers
+        self.start_line = start_line
+        self.line_range = line_range
+        self.highlight_lines = highlight_lines or set()
+        self.code_width = code_width
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
+        self.background_color = background_color
+        self.background_style = (
+            Style(bgcolor=background_color) if background_color else Style()
+        )
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.padding = padding
+
+        self._theme = self.get_theme(theme)
+        self._stylized_ranges: List[_SyntaxHighlightRange] = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_path(
+        cls,
+        path: str,
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+        lexer: Optional[Union[Lexer, str]] = None,
+        theme: Union[str, SyntaxTheme] = DEFAULT_THEME,
+        dedent: bool = False,
+        line_numbers: bool = False,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
+        start_line: int = 1,
+        highlight_lines: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
+        code_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 4,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        background_color: Optional[str] = None,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+    ) -> "Syntax":
+        """Construct a Syntax object from a file.
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to file to highlight.
+            encoding (str): Encoding of file.
+            lexer (str | Lexer, optional): Lexer to use. If None, lexer will be auto-detected from path/file content.
+            theme (str, optional): Color theme, aka Pygments style (see https://pygments.org/docs/styles/#getting-a-list-of-available-styles). Defaults to "emacs".
+            dedent (bool, optional): Enable stripping of initial whitespace. Defaults to True.
+            line_numbers (bool, optional): Enable rendering of line numbers. Defaults to False.
+            start_line (int, optional): Starting number for line numbers. Defaults to 1.
+            line_range (Tuple[int, int], optional): If given should be a tuple of the start and end line to render.
+            highlight_lines (Set[int]): A set of line numbers to highlight.
+            code_width: Width of code to render (not including line numbers), or ``None`` to use all available width.
+            tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 4.
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of code.
+            background_color (str, optional): Optional background color, or None to use theme color. Defaults to None.
+            indent_guides (bool, optional): Show indent guides. Defaults to False.
+            padding (PaddingDimensions): Padding to apply around the syntax. Defaults to 0 (no padding).
+
+        Returns:
+            [Syntax]: A Syntax object that may be printed to the console
+        """
+        code = Path(path).read_text(encoding=encoding)
+
+        if not lexer:
+            lexer = cls.guess_lexer(path, code=code)
+
+        return cls(
+            code,
+            lexer,
+            theme=theme,
+            dedent=dedent,
+            line_numbers=line_numbers,
+            line_range=line_range,
+            start_line=start_line,
+            highlight_lines=highlight_lines,
+            code_width=code_width,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            background_color=background_color,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            padding=padding,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def guess_lexer(cls, path: str, code: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        """Guess the alias of the Pygments lexer to use based on a path and an optional string of code.
+        If code is supplied, it will use a combination of the code and the filename to determine the
+        best lexer to use. For example, if the file is ``index.html`` and the file contains Django
+        templating syntax, then "html+django" will be returned. If the file is ``index.html``, and no
+        templating language is used, the "html" lexer will be used. If no string of code
+        is supplied, the lexer will be chosen based on the file extension..
+
+        Args:
+             path (AnyStr): The path to the file containing the code you wish to know the lexer for.
+             code (str, optional): Optional string of code that will be used as a fallback if no lexer
+                is found for the supplied path.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: The name of the Pygments lexer that best matches the supplied path/code.
+        """
+        lexer: Optional[Lexer] = None
+        lexer_name = "default"
+        if code:
+            try:
+                lexer = guess_lexer_for_filename(path, code)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+                if ext:
+                    extension = ext.lstrip(".").lower()
+                    lexer = get_lexer_by_name(extension)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+
+        if lexer:
+            if lexer.aliases:
+                lexer_name = lexer.aliases[0]
+            else:
+                lexer_name = lexer.name
+
+        return lexer_name
+
+    def _get_base_style(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the base style."""
+        default_style = self._theme.get_background_style() + self.background_style
+        return default_style
+
+    def _get_token_color(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """Get a color (if any) for the given token.
+
+        Args:
+            token_type (TokenType): A token type tuple from Pygments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Color]: Color from theme, or None for no color.
+        """
+        style = self._theme.get_style_for_token(token_type)
+        return style.color
+
+    @property
+    def lexer(self) -> Optional[Lexer]:
+        """The lexer for this syntax, or None if no lexer was found.
+
+        Tries to find the lexer by name if a string was passed to the constructor.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(self._lexer, Lexer):
+            return self._lexer
+        try:
+            return get_lexer_by_name(
+                self._lexer,
+                stripnl=False,
+                ensurenl=True,
+                tabsize=self.tab_size,
+            )
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            return None
+
+    def highlight(
+        self,
+        code: str,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]] = None,
+    ) -> Text:
+        """Highlight code and return a Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            code (str): Code to highlight.
+            line_range(Tuple[int, int], optional): Optional line range to highlight.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A text instance containing highlighted syntax.
+        """
+
+        base_style = self._get_base_style()
+        justify: JustifyMethod = (
+            "default" if base_style.transparent_background else "left"
+        )
+
+        text = Text(
+            justify=justify,
+            style=base_style,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+            no_wrap=not self.word_wrap,
+        )
+        _get_theme_style = self._theme.get_style_for_token
+
+        lexer = self.lexer
+
+        if lexer is None:
+            text.append(code)
+        else:
+            if line_range:
+                # More complicated path to only stylize a portion of the code
+                # This speeds up further operations as there are less spans to process
+                line_start, line_end = line_range
+
+                def line_tokenize() -> Iterable[Tuple[Any, str]]:
+                    """Split tokens to one per line."""
+                    assert lexer  # required to make MyPy happy - we know lexer is not None at this point
+
+                    for token_type, token in lexer.get_tokens(code):
+                        while token:
+                            line_token, new_line, token = token.partition("\n")
+                            yield token_type, line_token + new_line
+
+                def tokens_to_spans() -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[Style]]]:
+                    """Convert tokens to spans."""
+                    tokens = iter(line_tokenize())
+                    line_no = 0
+                    _line_start = line_start - 1 if line_start else 0
+
+                    # Skip over tokens until line start
+                    while line_no < _line_start:
+                        try:
+                            _token_type, token = next(tokens)
+                        except StopIteration:
+                            break
+                        yield (token, None)
+                        if token.endswith("\n"):
+                            line_no += 1
+                    # Generate spans until line end
+                    for token_type, token in tokens:
+                        yield (token, _get_theme_style(token_type))
+                        if token.endswith("\n"):
+                            line_no += 1
+                            if line_end and line_no >= line_end:
+                                break
+
+                text.append_tokens(tokens_to_spans())
+
+            else:
+                text.append_tokens(
+                    (token, _get_theme_style(token_type))
+                    for token_type, token in lexer.get_tokens(code)
+                )
+            if self.background_color is not None:
+                text.stylize(f"on {self.background_color}")
+
+        if self._stylized_ranges:
+            self._apply_stylized_ranges(text)
+
+        return text
+
+    def stylize_range(
+        self, style: StyleType, start: SyntaxPosition, end: SyntaxPosition
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a custom style on a part of the code, that will be applied to the syntax display when it's rendered.
+        Line numbers are 1-based, while column indexes are 0-based.
+
+        Args:
+            style (StyleType): The style to apply.
+            start (Tuple[int, int]): The start of the range, in the form `[line number, column index]`.
+            end (Tuple[int, int]): The end of the range, in the form `[line number, column index]`.
+        """
+        self._stylized_ranges.append(_SyntaxHighlightRange(style, start, end))
+
+    def _get_line_numbers_color(self, blend: float = 0.3) -> Color:
+        background_style = self._theme.get_background_style() + self.background_style
+        background_color = background_style.bgcolor
+        if background_color is None or background_color.is_system_defined:
+            return Color.default()
+        foreground_color = self._get_token_color(Token.Text)
+        if foreground_color is None or foreground_color.is_system_defined:
+            return foreground_color or Color.default()
+        new_color = blend_rgb(
+            background_color.get_truecolor(),
+            foreground_color.get_truecolor(),
+            cross_fade=blend,
+        )
+        return Color.from_triplet(new_color)
+
+    @property
+    def _numbers_column_width(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of characters used to render the numbers column."""
+        column_width = 0
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            column_width = (
+                len(str(self.start_line + self.code.count("\n")))
+                + NUMBERS_COLUMN_DEFAULT_PADDING
+            )
+        return column_width
+
+    def _get_number_styles(self, console: Console) -> Tuple[Style, Style, Style]:
+        """Get background, number, and highlight styles for line numbers."""
+        background_style = self._get_base_style()
+        if background_style.transparent_background:
+            return Style.null(), Style(dim=True), Style.null()
+        if console.color_system in ("256", "truecolor"):
+            number_style = Style.chain(
+                background_style,
+                self._theme.get_style_for_token(Token.Text),
+                Style(color=self._get_line_numbers_color()),
+                self.background_style,
+            )
+            highlight_number_style = Style.chain(
+                background_style,
+                self._theme.get_style_for_token(Token.Text),
+                Style(bold=True, color=self._get_line_numbers_color(0.9)),
+                self.background_style,
+            )
+        else:
+            number_style = background_style + Style(dim=True)
+            highlight_number_style = background_style + Style(dim=False)
+        return background_style, number_style, highlight_number_style
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        _, right, _, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        padding = left + right
+        if self.code_width is not None:
+            width = self.code_width + self._numbers_column_width + padding + 1
+            return Measurement(self._numbers_column_width, width)
+        lines = self.code.splitlines()
+        width = (
+            self._numbers_column_width
+            + padding
+            + (max(cell_len(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0)
+        )
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            width += 1
+        return Measurement(self._numbers_column_width, width)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        segments = Segments(self._get_syntax(console, options))
+        if self.padding:
+            yield Padding(
+                segments, style=self._theme.get_background_style(), pad=self.padding
+            )
+        else:
+            yield segments
+
+    def _get_syntax(
+        self,
+        console: Console,
+        options: ConsoleOptions,
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """
+        Get the Segments for the Syntax object, excluding any vertical/horizontal padding
+        """
+        transparent_background = self._get_base_style().transparent_background
+        code_width = (
+            (
+                (options.max_width - self._numbers_column_width - 1)
+                if self.line_numbers
+                else options.max_width
+            )
+            if self.code_width is None
+            else self.code_width
+        )
+
+        ends_on_nl, processed_code = self._process_code(self.code)
+        text = self.highlight(processed_code, self.line_range)
+
+        if not self.line_numbers and not self.word_wrap and not self.line_range:
+            if not ends_on_nl:
+                text.remove_suffix("\n")
+            # Simple case of just rendering text
+            style = (
+                self._get_base_style()
+                + self._theme.get_style_for_token(Comment)
+                + Style(dim=True)
+                + self.background_style
+            )
+            if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+                text = text.with_indent_guides(self.tab_size, style=style)
+                text.overflow = "crop"
+            if style.transparent_background:
+                yield from console.render(
+                    text, options=options.update(width=code_width)
+                )
+            else:
+                syntax_lines = console.render_lines(
+                    text,
+                    options.update(width=code_width, height=None, justify="left"),
+                    style=self.background_style,
+                    pad=True,
+                    new_lines=True,
+                )
+                for syntax_line in syntax_lines:
+                    yield from syntax_line
+            return
+
+        start_line, end_line = self.line_range or (None, None)
+        line_offset = 0
+        if start_line:
+            line_offset = max(0, start_line - 1)
+        lines: Union[List[Text], Lines] = text.split("\n", allow_blank=ends_on_nl)
+        if self.line_range:
+            if line_offset > len(lines):
+                return
+            lines = lines[line_offset:end_line]
+
+        if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+            style = (
+                self._get_base_style()
+                + self._theme.get_style_for_token(Comment)
+                + Style(dim=True)
+                + self.background_style
+            )
+            lines = (
+                Text("\n")
+                .join(lines)
+                .with_indent_guides(self.tab_size, style=style + Style(italic=False))
+                .split("\n", allow_blank=True)
+            )
+
+        numbers_column_width = self._numbers_column_width
+        render_options = options.update(width=code_width)
+
+        highlight_line = self.highlight_lines.__contains__
+        _Segment = Segment
+        new_line = _Segment("\n")
+
+        line_pointer = "> " if options.legacy_windows else "❱ "
+
+        (
+            background_style,
+            number_style,
+            highlight_number_style,
+        ) = self._get_number_styles(console)
+
+        for line_no, line in enumerate(lines, self.start_line + line_offset):
+            if self.word_wrap:
+                wrapped_lines = console.render_lines(
+                    line,
+                    render_options.update(height=None, justify="left"),
+                    style=background_style,
+                    pad=not transparent_background,
+                )
+            else:
+                segments = list(line.render(console, end=""))
+                if options.no_wrap:
+                    wrapped_lines = [segments]
+                else:
+                    wrapped_lines = [
+                        _Segment.adjust_line_length(
+                            segments,
+                            render_options.max_width,
+                            style=background_style,
+                            pad=not transparent_background,
+                        )
+                    ]
+
+            if self.line_numbers:
+                wrapped_line_left_pad = _Segment(
+                    " " * numbers_column_width + " ", background_style
+                )
+                for first, wrapped_line in loop_first(wrapped_lines):
+                    if first:
+                        line_column = str(line_no).rjust(numbers_column_width - 2) + " "
+                        if highlight_line(line_no):
+                            yield _Segment(line_pointer, Style(color="red"))
+                            yield _Segment(line_column, highlight_number_style)
+                        else:
+                            yield _Segment("  ", highlight_number_style)
+                            yield _Segment(line_column, number_style)
+                    else:
+                        yield wrapped_line_left_pad
+                    yield from wrapped_line
+                    yield new_line
+            else:
+                for wrapped_line in wrapped_lines:
+                    yield from wrapped_line
+                    yield new_line
+
+    def _apply_stylized_ranges(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """
+        Apply stylized ranges to a text instance,
+        using the given code to determine the right portion to apply the style to.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): Text instance to apply the style to.
+        """
+        code = text.plain
+        newlines_offsets = [
+            # Let's add outer boundaries at each side of the list:
+            0,
+            # N.B. using "\n" here is much faster than using metacharacters such as "^" or "\Z":
+            *[
+                match.start() + 1
+                for match in re.finditer("\n", code, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+            ],
+            len(code) + 1,
+        ]
+
+        for stylized_range in self._stylized_ranges:
+            start = _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+                newlines_offsets, stylized_range.start
+            )
+            end = _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+                newlines_offsets, stylized_range.end
+            )
+            if start is not None and end is not None:
+                text.stylize(stylized_range.style, start, end)
+
+    def _process_code(self, code: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """
+        Applies various processing to a raw code string
+        (normalises it so it always ends with a line return, dedents it if necessary, etc.)
+
+        Args:
+            code (str): The raw code string to process
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[bool, str]: the boolean indicates whether the raw code ends with a line return,
+                while the string is the processed code.
+        """
+        ends_on_nl = code.endswith("\n")
+        processed_code = code if ends_on_nl else code + "\n"
+        processed_code = (
+            textwrap.dedent(processed_code) if self.dedent else processed_code
+        )
+        processed_code = processed_code.expandtabs(self.tab_size)
+        return ends_on_nl, processed_code
+
+
+def _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+    newlines_offsets: Sequence[int], position: SyntaxPosition
+) -> Optional[int]:
+    """
+    Returns the index of the code string for the given positions.
+
+    Args:
+        newlines_offsets (Sequence[int]): The offset of each newline character found in the code snippet.
+        position (SyntaxPosition): The position to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+        Optional[int]: The index of the code string for this position, or `None`
+            if the given position's line number is out of range (if it's the column that is out of range
+            we silently clamp its value so that it reaches the end of the line)
+    """
+    lines_count = len(newlines_offsets)
+
+    line_number, column_index = position
+    if line_number > lines_count or len(newlines_offsets) < (line_number + 1):
+        return None  # `line_number` is out of range
+    line_index = line_number - 1
+    line_length = newlines_offsets[line_index + 1] - newlines_offsets[line_index] - 1
+    # If `column_index` is out of range: let's silently clamp it:
+    column_index = min(line_length, column_index)
+    return newlines_offsets[line_index] + column_index
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import argparse
+    import sys
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Render syntax to the console with Rich"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "path",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="path to file, or - for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-c",
+        "--force-color",
+        dest="force_color",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=None,
+        help="force color for non-terminals",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--indent-guides",
+        dest="indent_guides",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="display indent guides",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l",
+        "--line-numbers",
+        dest="line_numbers",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="render line numbers",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-w",
+        "--width",
+        type=int,
+        dest="width",
+        default=None,
+        help="width of output (default will auto-detect)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-r",
+        "--wrap",
+        dest="word_wrap",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="word wrap long lines",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-s",
+        "--soft-wrap",
+        action="store_true",
+        dest="soft_wrap",
+        default=False,
+        help="enable soft wrapping mode",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t", "--theme", dest="theme", default="monokai", help="pygments theme"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-b",
+        "--background-color",
+        dest="background_color",
+        default=None,
+        help="Override background color",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-x",
+        "--lexer",
+        default=None,
+        dest="lexer_name",
+        help="Lexer name",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-p", "--padding", type=int, default=0, dest="padding", help="Padding"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--highlight-line",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        dest="highlight_line",
+        help="The line number (not index!) to highlight",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console(force_terminal=args.force_color, width=args.width)
+
+    if args.path == "-":
+        code = sys.stdin.read()
+        syntax = Syntax(
+            code=code,
+            lexer=args.lexer_name,
+            line_numbers=args.line_numbers,
+            word_wrap=args.word_wrap,
+            theme=args.theme,
+            background_color=args.background_color,
+            indent_guides=args.indent_guides,
+            padding=args.padding,
+            highlight_lines={args.highlight_line},
+        )
+    else:
+        syntax = Syntax.from_path(
+            args.path,
+            lexer=args.lexer_name,
+            line_numbers=args.line_numbers,
+            word_wrap=args.word_wrap,
+            theme=args.theme,
+            background_color=args.background_color,
+            indent_guides=args.indent_guides,
+            padding=args.padding,
+            highlight_lines={args.highlight_line},
+        )
+    console.print(syntax, soft_wrap=args.soft_wrap)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17409f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1002 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from . import box, errors
+from ._loop import loop_first_last, loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from ._ratio import ratio_distribute, ratio_reduce
+from .align import VerticalAlignMethod
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .protocol import is_renderable
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderableType,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Column:
+    """Defines a column within a ~Table.
+
+    Args:
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): The title of the table rendered at the top. Defaults to None.
+        caption (Union[str, Text], optional): The table caption rendered below. Defaults to None.
+        width (int, optional): The width in characters of the table, or ``None`` to automatically fit. Defaults to None.
+        min_width (Optional[int], optional): The minimum width of the table, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+        box (box.Box, optional): One of the constants in box.py used to draw the edges (see :ref:`appendix_box`), or ``None`` for no box lines. Defaults to box.HEAVY_HEAD.
+        safe_box (Optional[bool], optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Padding for cells (top, right, bottom, left). Defaults to (0, 1).
+        collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to False.
+        pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding of edge cells. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+        show_header (bool, optional): Show a header row. Defaults to True.
+        show_footer (bool, optional): Show a footer row. Defaults to False.
+        show_edge (bool, optional): Draw a box around the outside of the table. Defaults to True.
+        show_lines (bool, optional): Draw lines between every row. Defaults to False.
+        leading (bool, optional): Number of blank lines between rows (precludes ``show_lines``). Defaults to 0.
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Default style for the table. Defaults to "none".
+        row_styles (List[Union, str], optional): Optional list of row styles, if more than one style is given then the styles will alternate. Defaults to None.
+        header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the header. Defaults to "table.header".
+        footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the footer. Defaults to "table.footer".
+        border_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the border. Defaults to None.
+        title_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the title. Defaults to None.
+        caption_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the caption. Defaults to None.
+        title_justify (str, optional): Justify method for title. Defaults to "center".
+        caption_justify (str, optional): Justify method for caption. Defaults to "center".
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight cell contents (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    header: "RenderableType" = ""
+    """RenderableType: Renderable for the header (typically a string)"""
+
+    footer: "RenderableType" = ""
+    """RenderableType: Renderable for the footer (typically a string)"""
+
+    header_style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the header."""
+
+    footer_style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the footer."""
+
+    style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the column."""
+
+    justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left"
+    """str: How to justify text within the column ("left", "center", "right", or "full")"""
+
+    vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod" = "top"
+    """str: How to vertically align content ("top", "middle", or "bottom")"""
+
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ellipsis"
+    """str: Overflow method."""
+
+    width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Width of the column, or ``None`` (default) to auto calculate width."""
+
+    min_width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Minimum width of column, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None."""
+
+    max_width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Maximum width of column, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None."""
+
+    ratio: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Ratio to use when calculating column width, or ``None`` (default) to adapt to column contents."""
+
+    no_wrap: bool = False
+    """bool: Prevent wrapping of text within the column. Defaults to ``False``."""
+
+    _index: int = 0
+    """Index of column."""
+
+    _cells: List["RenderableType"] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Column":
+        """Return a copy of this Column."""
+        return replace(self, _cells=[])
+
+    @property
+    def cells(self) -> Iterable["RenderableType"]:
+        """Get all cells in the column, not including header."""
+        yield from self._cells
+
+    @property
+    def flexible(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this column is flexible."""
+        return self.ratio is not None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Row:
+    """Information regarding a row."""
+
+    style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    """Style to apply to row."""
+
+    end_section: bool = False
+    """Indicated end of section, which will force a line beneath the row."""
+
+
+class _Cell(NamedTuple):
+    """A single cell in a table."""
+
+    style: StyleType
+    """Style to apply to cell."""
+    renderable: "RenderableType"
+    """Cell renderable."""
+    vertical: VerticalAlignMethod
+    """Cell vertical alignment."""
+
+
+class Table(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable to draw a table.
+
+    Args:
+        *headers (Union[Column, str]): Column headers, either as a string, or :class:`~rich.table.Column` instance.
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): The title of the table rendered at the top. Defaults to None.
+        caption (Union[str, Text], optional): The table caption rendered below. Defaults to None.
+        width (int, optional): The width in characters of the table, or ``None`` to automatically fit. Defaults to None.
+        min_width (Optional[int], optional): The minimum width of the table, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+        box (box.Box, optional): One of the constants in box.py used to draw the edges (see :ref:`appendix_box`), or ``None`` for no box lines. Defaults to box.HEAVY_HEAD.
+        safe_box (Optional[bool], optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Padding for cells (top, right, bottom, left). Defaults to (0, 1).
+        collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to False.
+        pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding of edge cells. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+        show_header (bool, optional): Show a header row. Defaults to True.
+        show_footer (bool, optional): Show a footer row. Defaults to False.
+        show_edge (bool, optional): Draw a box around the outside of the table. Defaults to True.
+        show_lines (bool, optional): Draw lines between every row. Defaults to False.
+        leading (bool, optional): Number of blank lines between rows (precludes ``show_lines``). Defaults to 0.
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Default style for the table. Defaults to "none".
+        row_styles (List[Union, str], optional): Optional list of row styles, if more than one style is given then the styles will alternate. Defaults to None.
+        header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the header. Defaults to "table.header".
+        footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the footer. Defaults to "table.footer".
+        border_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the border. Defaults to None.
+        title_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the title. Defaults to None.
+        caption_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the caption. Defaults to None.
+        title_justify (str, optional): Justify method for title. Defaults to "center".
+        caption_justify (str, optional): Justify method for caption. Defaults to "center".
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight cell contents (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    columns: List[Column]
+    rows: List[Row]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *headers: Union[Column, str],
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        caption: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        min_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        box: Optional[box.Box] = box.HEAVY_HEAD,
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        collapse_padding: bool = False,
+        pad_edge: bool = True,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        show_header: bool = True,
+        show_footer: bool = False,
+        show_edge: bool = True,
+        show_lines: bool = False,
+        leading: int = 0,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        row_styles: Optional[Iterable[StyleType]] = None,
+        header_style: Optional[StyleType] = "table.header",
+        footer_style: Optional[StyleType] = "table.footer",
+        border_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        title_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        caption_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        title_justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center",
+        caption_justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center",
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.columns: List[Column] = []
+        self.rows: List[Row] = []
+        self.title = title
+        self.caption = caption
+        self.width = width
+        self.min_width = min_width
+        self.box = box
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self._padding = Padding.unpack(padding)
+        self.pad_edge = pad_edge
+        self._expand = expand
+        self.show_header = show_header
+        self.show_footer = show_footer
+        self.show_edge = show_edge
+        self.show_lines = show_lines
+        self.leading = leading
+        self.collapse_padding = collapse_padding
+        self.style = style
+        self.header_style = header_style or ""
+        self.footer_style = footer_style or ""
+        self.border_style = border_style
+        self.title_style = title_style
+        self.caption_style = caption_style
+        self.title_justify: "JustifyMethod" = title_justify
+        self.caption_justify: "JustifyMethod" = caption_justify
+        self.highlight = highlight
+        self.row_styles: Sequence[StyleType] = list(row_styles or [])
+        append_column = self.columns.append
+        for header in headers:
+            if isinstance(header, str):
+                self.add_column(header=header)
+            else:
+                header._index = len(self.columns)
+                append_column(header)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def grid(
+        cls,
+        *headers: Union[Column, str],
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+        collapse_padding: bool = True,
+        pad_edge: bool = False,
+        expand: bool = False,
+    ) -> "Table":
+        """Get a table with no lines, headers, or footer.
+
+        Args:
+            *headers (Union[Column, str]): Column headers, either as a string, or :class:`~rich.table.Column` instance.
+            padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Get padding around cells. Defaults to 0.
+            collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to True.
+            pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding around edges of table. Defaults to False.
+            expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Table: A table instance.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            *headers,
+            box=None,
+            padding=padding,
+            collapse_padding=collapse_padding,
+            show_header=False,
+            show_footer=False,
+            show_edge=False,
+            pad_edge=pad_edge,
+            expand=expand,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def expand(self) -> bool:
+        """Setting a non-None self.width implies expand."""
+        return self._expand or self.width is not None
+
+    @expand.setter
+    def expand(self, expand: bool) -> None:
+        """Set expand."""
+        self._expand = expand
+
+    @property
+    def _extra_width(self) -> int:
+        """Get extra width to add to cell content."""
+        width = 0
+        if self.box and self.show_edge:
+            width += 2
+        if self.box:
+            width += len(self.columns) - 1
+        return width
+
+    @property
+    def row_count(self) -> int:
+        """Get the current number of rows."""
+        return len(self.rows)
+
+    def get_row_style(self, console: "Console", index: int) -> StyleType:
+        """Get the current row style."""
+        style = Style.null()
+        if self.row_styles:
+            style += console.get_style(self.row_styles[index % len(self.row_styles)])
+        row_style = self.rows[index].style
+        if row_style is not None:
+            style += console.get_style(row_style)
+        return style
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if self.width is not None:
+            max_width = self.width
+        if max_width < 0:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        max_width = sum(
+            self._calculate_column_widths(
+                console, options.update_width(max_width - extra_width)
+            )
+        )
+        _measure_column = self._measure_column
+
+        measurements = [
+            _measure_column(console, options.update_width(max_width), column)
+            for column in self.columns
+        ]
+        minimum_width = (
+            sum(measurement.minimum for measurement in measurements) + extra_width
+        )
+        maximum_width = (
+            sum(measurement.maximum for measurement in measurements) + extra_width
+            if (self.width is None)
+            else self.width
+        )
+        measurement = Measurement(minimum_width, maximum_width)
+        measurement = measurement.clamp(self.min_width)
+        return measurement
+
+    @property
+    def padding(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Get cell padding."""
+        return self._padding
+
+    @padding.setter
+    def padding(self, padding: PaddingDimensions) -> "Table":
+        """Set cell padding."""
+        self._padding = Padding.unpack(padding)
+        return self
+
+    def add_column(
+        self,
+        header: "RenderableType" = "",
+        footer: "RenderableType" = "",
+        *,
+        header_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        footer_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left",
+        vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod" = "top",
+        overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ellipsis",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        min_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        ratio: Optional[int] = None,
+        no_wrap: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a column to the table.
+
+        Args:
+            header (RenderableType, optional): Text or renderable for the header.
+                Defaults to "".
+            footer (RenderableType, optional): Text or renderable for the footer.
+                Defaults to "".
+            header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the header, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the footer, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the column cells, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Alignment for cells. Defaults to "left".
+            vertical (VerticalAlignMethod, optional): Vertical alignment, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom". Defaults to "top".
+            overflow (OverflowMethod): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to "ellipsis".
+            width (int, optional): Desired width of column in characters, or None to fit to contents. Defaults to None.
+            min_width (Optional[int], optional): Minimum width of column, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+            max_width (Optional[int], optional): Maximum width of column, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+            ratio (int, optional): Flexible ratio for the column (requires ``Table.expand`` or ``Table.width``). Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Set to ``True`` to disable wrapping of this column.
+        """
+
+        column = Column(
+            _index=len(self.columns),
+            header=header,
+            footer=footer,
+            header_style=header_style or "",
+            footer_style=footer_style or "",
+            style=style or "",
+            justify=justify,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            width=width,
+            min_width=min_width,
+            max_width=max_width,
+            ratio=ratio,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+        )
+        self.columns.append(column)
+
+    def add_row(
+        self,
+        *renderables: Optional["RenderableType"],
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        end_section: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a row of renderables.
+
+        Args:
+            *renderables (None or renderable): Each cell in a row must be a renderable object (including str),
+                or ``None`` for a blank cell.
+            style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the entire row. Defaults to None.
+            end_section (bool, optional): End a section and draw a line. Defaults to False.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NotRenderableError: If you add something that can't be rendered.
+        """
+
+        def add_cell(column: Column, renderable: "RenderableType") -> None:
+            column._cells.append(renderable)
+
+        cell_renderables: List[Optional["RenderableType"]] = list(renderables)
+
+        columns = self.columns
+        if len(cell_renderables) < len(columns):
+            cell_renderables = [
+                *cell_renderables,
+                *[None] * (len(columns) - len(cell_renderables)),
+            ]
+        for index, renderable in enumerate(cell_renderables):
+            if index == len(columns):
+                column = Column(_index=index)
+                for _ in self.rows:
+                    add_cell(column, Text(""))
+                self.columns.append(column)
+            else:
+                column = columns[index]
+            if renderable is None:
+                add_cell(column, "")
+            elif is_renderable(renderable):
+                add_cell(column, renderable)
+            else:
+                raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                    f"unable to render {type(renderable).__name__}; a string or other renderable object is required"
+                )
+        self.rows.append(Row(style=style, end_section=end_section))
+
+    def add_section(self) -> None:
+        """Add a new section (draw a line after current row)."""
+
+        if self.rows:
+            self.rows[-1].end_section = True
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+
+        if not self.columns:
+            yield Segment("\n")
+            return
+
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if self.width is not None:
+            max_width = self.width
+
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        widths = self._calculate_column_widths(
+            console, options.update_width(max_width - extra_width)
+        )
+        table_width = sum(widths) + extra_width
+
+        render_options = options.update(
+            width=table_width, highlight=self.highlight, height=None
+        )
+
+        def render_annotation(
+            text: TextType, style: StyleType, justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center"
+        ) -> "RenderResult":
+            render_text = (
+                console.render_str(text, style=style, highlight=False)
+                if isinstance(text, str)
+                else text
+            )
+            return console.render(
+                render_text, options=render_options.update(justify=justify)
+            )
+
+        if self.title:
+            yield from render_annotation(
+                self.title,
+                style=Style.pick_first(self.title_style, "table.title"),
+                justify=self.title_justify,
+            )
+        yield from self._render(console, render_options, widths)
+        if self.caption:
+            yield from render_annotation(
+                self.caption,
+                style=Style.pick_first(self.caption_style, "table.caption"),
+                justify=self.caption_justify,
+            )
+
+    def _calculate_column_widths(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Calculate the widths of each column, including padding, not including borders."""
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        columns = self.columns
+        width_ranges = [
+            self._measure_column(console, options, column) for column in columns
+        ]
+        widths = [_range.maximum or 1 for _range in width_ranges]
+        get_padding_width = self._get_padding_width
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        if self.expand:
+            ratios = [col.ratio or 0 for col in columns if col.flexible]
+            if any(ratios):
+                fixed_widths = [
+                    0 if column.flexible else _range.maximum
+                    for _range, column in zip(width_ranges, columns)
+                ]
+                flex_minimum = [
+                    (column.width or 1) + get_padding_width(column._index)
+                    for column in columns
+                    if column.flexible
+                ]
+                flexible_width = max_width - sum(fixed_widths)
+                flex_widths = ratio_distribute(flexible_width, ratios, flex_minimum)
+                iter_flex_widths = iter(flex_widths)
+                for index, column in enumerate(columns):
+                    if column.flexible:
+                        widths[index] = fixed_widths[index] + next(iter_flex_widths)
+        table_width = sum(widths)
+
+        if table_width > max_width:
+            widths = self._collapse_widths(
+                widths,
+                [(column.width is None and not column.no_wrap) for column in columns],
+                max_width,
+            )
+            table_width = sum(widths)
+            # last resort, reduce columns evenly
+            if table_width > max_width:
+                excess_width = table_width - max_width
+                widths = ratio_reduce(excess_width, [1] * len(widths), widths, widths)
+                table_width = sum(widths)
+
+            width_ranges = [
+                self._measure_column(console, options.update_width(width), column)
+                for width, column in zip(widths, columns)
+            ]
+            widths = [_range.maximum or 0 for _range in width_ranges]
+
+        if (table_width < max_width and self.expand) or (
+            self.min_width is not None and table_width < (self.min_width - extra_width)
+        ):
+            _max_width = (
+                max_width
+                if self.min_width is None
+                else min(self.min_width - extra_width, max_width)
+            )
+            pad_widths = ratio_distribute(_max_width - table_width, widths)
+            widths = [_width + pad for _width, pad in zip(widths, pad_widths)]
+
+        return widths
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _collapse_widths(
+        cls, widths: List[int], wrapable: List[bool], max_width: int
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Reduce widths so that the total is under max_width.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): List of widths.
+            wrapable (List[bool]): List of booleans that indicate if a column may shrink.
+            max_width (int): Maximum width to reduce to.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[int]: A new list of widths.
+        """
+        total_width = sum(widths)
+        excess_width = total_width - max_width
+        if any(wrapable):
+            while total_width and excess_width > 0:
+                max_column = max(
+                    width for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable) if allow_wrap
+                )
+                second_max_column = max(
+                    width if allow_wrap and width != max_column else 0
+                    for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable)
+                )
+                column_difference = max_column - second_max_column
+                ratios = [
+                    (1 if (width == max_column and allow_wrap) else 0)
+                    for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable)
+                ]
+                if not any(ratios) or not column_difference:
+                    break
+                max_reduce = [min(excess_width, column_difference)] * len(widths)
+                widths = ratio_reduce(excess_width, ratios, max_reduce, widths)
+
+                total_width = sum(widths)
+                excess_width = total_width - max_width
+        return widths
+
+    def _get_cells(
+        self, console: "Console", column_index: int, column: Column
+    ) -> Iterable[_Cell]:
+        """Get all the cells with padding and optional header."""
+
+        collapse_padding = self.collapse_padding
+        pad_edge = self.pad_edge
+        padding = self.padding
+        any_padding = any(padding)
+
+        first_column = column_index == 0
+        last_column = column_index == len(self.columns) - 1
+
+        _padding_cache: Dict[Tuple[bool, bool], Tuple[int, int, int, int]] = {}
+
+        def get_padding(first_row: bool, last_row: bool) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+            cached = _padding_cache.get((first_row, last_row))
+            if cached:
+                return cached
+            top, right, bottom, left = padding
+
+            if collapse_padding:
+                if not first_column:
+                    left = max(0, left - right)
+                if not last_row:
+                    bottom = max(0, top - bottom)
+
+            if not pad_edge:
+                if first_column:
+                    left = 0
+                if last_column:
+                    right = 0
+                if first_row:
+                    top = 0
+                if last_row:
+                    bottom = 0
+            _padding = (top, right, bottom, left)
+            _padding_cache[(first_row, last_row)] = _padding
+            return _padding
+
+        raw_cells: List[Tuple[StyleType, "RenderableType"]] = []
+        _append = raw_cells.append
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        if self.show_header:
+            header_style = get_style(self.header_style or "") + get_style(
+                column.header_style
+            )
+            _append((header_style, column.header))
+        cell_style = get_style(column.style or "")
+        for cell in column.cells:
+            _append((cell_style, cell))
+        if self.show_footer:
+            footer_style = get_style(self.footer_style or "") + get_style(
+                column.footer_style
+            )
+            _append((footer_style, column.footer))
+
+        if any_padding:
+            _Padding = Padding
+            for first, last, (style, renderable) in loop_first_last(raw_cells):
+                yield _Cell(
+                    style,
+                    _Padding(renderable, get_padding(first, last)),
+                    getattr(renderable, "vertical", None) or column.vertical,
+                )
+        else:
+            for (style, renderable) in raw_cells:
+                yield _Cell(
+                    style,
+                    renderable,
+                    getattr(renderable, "vertical", None) or column.vertical,
+                )
+
+    def _get_padding_width(self, column_index: int) -> int:
+        """Get extra width from padding."""
+        _, pad_right, _, pad_left = self.padding
+        if self.collapse_padding:
+            if column_index > 0:
+                pad_left = max(0, pad_left - pad_right)
+        return pad_left + pad_right
+
+    def _measure_column(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        options: "ConsoleOptions",
+        column: Column,
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        """Get the minimum and maximum width of the column."""
+
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if max_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+
+        padding_width = self._get_padding_width(column._index)
+
+        if column.width is not None:
+            # Fixed width column
+            return Measurement(
+                column.width + padding_width, column.width + padding_width
+            ).with_maximum(max_width)
+        # Flexible column, we need to measure contents
+        min_widths: List[int] = []
+        max_widths: List[int] = []
+        append_min = min_widths.append
+        append_max = max_widths.append
+        get_render_width = Measurement.get
+        for cell in self._get_cells(console, column._index, column):
+            _min, _max = get_render_width(console, options, cell.renderable)
+            append_min(_min)
+            append_max(_max)
+
+        measurement = Measurement(
+            max(min_widths) if min_widths else 1,
+            max(max_widths) if max_widths else max_width,
+        ).with_maximum(max_width)
+        measurement = measurement.clamp(
+            None if column.min_width is None else column.min_width + padding_width,
+            None if column.max_width is None else column.max_width + padding_width,
+        )
+        return measurement
+
+    def _render(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", widths: List[int]
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        table_style = console.get_style(self.style or "")
+
+        border_style = table_style + console.get_style(self.border_style or "")
+        _column_cells = (
+            self._get_cells(console, column_index, column)
+            for column_index, column in enumerate(self.columns)
+        )
+        row_cells: List[Tuple[_Cell, ...]] = list(zip(*_column_cells))
+        _box = (
+            self.box.substitute(
+                options, safe=pick_bool(self.safe_box, console.safe_box)
+            )
+            if self.box
+            else None
+        )
+        _box = _box.get_plain_headed_box() if _box and not self.show_header else _box
+
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+
+        columns = self.columns
+        show_header = self.show_header
+        show_footer = self.show_footer
+        show_edge = self.show_edge
+        show_lines = self.show_lines
+        leading = self.leading
+
+        _Segment = Segment
+        if _box:
+            box_segments = [
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.head_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.head_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.head_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+            ]
+            if show_edge:
+                yield _Segment(_box.get_top(widths), border_style)
+                yield new_line
+        else:
+            box_segments = []
+
+        get_row_style = self.get_row_style
+        get_style = console.get_style
+
+        for index, (first, last, row_cell) in enumerate(loop_first_last(row_cells)):
+            header_row = first and show_header
+            footer_row = last and show_footer
+            row = (
+                self.rows[index - show_header]
+                if (not header_row and not footer_row)
+                else None
+            )
+            max_height = 1
+            cells: List[List[List[Segment]]] = []
+            if header_row or footer_row:
+                row_style = Style.null()
+            else:
+                row_style = get_style(
+                    get_row_style(console, index - 1 if show_header else index)
+                )
+            for width, cell, column in zip(widths, row_cell, columns):
+                render_options = options.update(
+                    width=width,
+                    justify=column.justify,
+                    no_wrap=column.no_wrap,
+                    overflow=column.overflow,
+                    height=None,
+                )
+                lines = console.render_lines(
+                    cell.renderable,
+                    render_options,
+                    style=get_style(cell.style) + row_style,
+                )
+                max_height = max(max_height, len(lines))
+                cells.append(lines)
+
+            row_height = max(len(cell) for cell in cells)
+
+            def align_cell(
+                cell: List[List[Segment]],
+                vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod",
+                width: int,
+                style: Style,
+            ) -> List[List[Segment]]:
+                if header_row:
+                    vertical = "bottom"
+                elif footer_row:
+                    vertical = "top"
+
+                if vertical == "top":
+                    return _Segment.align_top(cell, width, row_height, style)
+                elif vertical == "middle":
+                    return _Segment.align_middle(cell, width, row_height, style)
+                return _Segment.align_bottom(cell, width, row_height, style)
+
+            cells[:] = [
+                _Segment.set_shape(
+                    align_cell(
+                        cell,
+                        _cell.vertical,
+                        width,
+                        get_style(_cell.style) + row_style,
+                    ),
+                    width,
+                    max_height,
+                )
+                for width, _cell, cell, column in zip(widths, row_cell, cells, columns)
+            ]
+
+            if _box:
+                if last and show_footer:
+                    yield _Segment(
+                        _box.get_row(widths, "foot", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                    )
+                    yield new_line
+                left, right, _divider = box_segments[0 if first else (2 if last else 1)]
+
+                # If the column divider is whitespace also style it with the row background
+                divider = (
+                    _divider
+                    if _divider.text.strip()
+                    else _Segment(
+                        _divider.text, row_style.background_style + _divider.style
+                    )
+                )
+                for line_no in range(max_height):
+                    if show_edge:
+                        yield left
+                    for last_cell, rendered_cell in loop_last(cells):
+                        yield from rendered_cell[line_no]
+                        if not last_cell:
+                            yield divider
+                    if show_edge:
+                        yield right
+                    yield new_line
+            else:
+                for line_no in range(max_height):
+                    for rendered_cell in cells:
+                        yield from rendered_cell[line_no]
+                    yield new_line
+            if _box and first and show_header:
+                yield _Segment(
+                    _box.get_row(widths, "head", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                )
+                yield new_line
+            end_section = row and row.end_section
+            if _box and (show_lines or leading or end_section):
+                if (
+                    not last
+                    and not (show_footer and index >= len(row_cells) - 2)
+                    and not (show_header and header_row)
+                ):
+                    if leading:
+                        yield _Segment(
+                            _box.get_row(widths, "mid", edge=show_edge) * leading,
+                            border_style,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        yield _Segment(
+                            _box.get_row(widths, "row", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                        )
+                    yield new_line
+
+        if _box and show_edge:
+            yield _Segment(_box.get_bottom(widths), border_style)
+            yield new_line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table as Table
+
+    from ._timer import timer
+
+    with timer("Table render"):
+        table = Table(
+            title="Star Wars Movies",
+            caption="Rich example table",
+            caption_justify="right",
+        )
+
+        table.add_column(
+            "Released", header_style="bright_cyan", style="cyan", no_wrap=True
+        )
+        table.add_column("Title", style="magenta")
+        table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right", style="green")
+
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 20, 2019",
+            "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker",
+            "$952,110,690",
+        )
+        table.add_row("May 25, 2018", "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "$393,151,347")
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 15, 2017",
+            "Star Wars Ep. V111: The Last Jedi",
+            "$1,332,539,889",
+            style="on black",
+            end_section=True,
+        )
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 16, 2016",
+            "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story",
+            "$1,332,439,889",
+        )
+
+        def header(text: str) -> None:
+            console.print()
+            console.rule(highlight(text))
+            console.print()
+
+        console = Console()
+        highlight = ReprHighlighter()
+        header("Example Table")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.expand = True
+        header("expand=True")
+        console.print(table)
+
+        table.width = 50
+        header("width=50")
+
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        header("row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        table.leading = 1
+        header("leading=1, row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        table.show_lines = True
+        table.leading = 0
+        header("show_lines=True, row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..565e9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .palette import Palette
+
+_ColorTuple = Tuple[int, int, int]
+
+
+class TerminalTheme:
+    """A color theme used when exporting console content.
+
+    Args:
+        background (Tuple[int, int, int]): The background color.
+        foreground (Tuple[int, int, int]): The foreground (text) color.
+        normal (List[Tuple[int, int, int]]): A list of 8 normal intensity colors.
+        bright (List[Tuple[int, int, int]], optional): A list of 8 bright colors, or None
+            to repeat normal intensity. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        background: _ColorTuple,
+        foreground: _ColorTuple,
+        normal: List[_ColorTuple],
+        bright: Optional[List[_ColorTuple]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.background_color = ColorTriplet(*background)
+        self.foreground_color = ColorTriplet(*foreground)
+        self.ansi_colors = Palette(normal + (bright or normal))
+
+
+DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME = TerminalTheme(
+    (255, 255, 255),
+    (0, 0, 0),
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (128, 0, 0),
+        (0, 128, 0),
+        (128, 128, 0),
+        (0, 0, 128),
+        (128, 0, 128),
+        (0, 128, 128),
+        (192, 192, 192),
+    ],
+    [
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+    ],
+)
+
+MONOKAI = TerminalTheme(
+    (12, 12, 12),
+    (217, 217, 217),
+    [
+        (26, 26, 26),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (152, 224, 36),
+        (253, 151, 31),
+        (157, 101, 255),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (88, 209, 235),
+        (196, 197, 181),
+        (98, 94, 76),
+    ],
+    [
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (152, 224, 36),
+        (224, 213, 97),
+        (157, 101, 255),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (88, 209, 235),
+        (246, 246, 239),
+    ],
+)
+DIMMED_MONOKAI = TerminalTheme(
+    (25, 25, 25),
+    (185, 188, 186),
+    [
+        (58, 61, 67),
+        (190, 63, 72),
+        (135, 154, 59),
+        (197, 166, 53),
+        (79, 118, 161),
+        (133, 92, 141),
+        (87, 143, 164),
+        (185, 188, 186),
+        (136, 137, 135),
+    ],
+    [
+        (251, 0, 31),
+        (15, 114, 47),
+        (196, 112, 51),
+        (24, 109, 227),
+        (251, 0, 103),
+        (46, 112, 109),
+        (253, 255, 185),
+    ],
+)
+NIGHT_OWLISH = TerminalTheme(
+    (255, 255, 255),
+    (64, 63, 83),
+    [
+        (1, 22, 39),
+        (211, 66, 62),
+        (42, 162, 152),
+        (218, 170, 1),
+        (72, 118, 214),
+        (64, 63, 83),
+        (8, 145, 106),
+        (122, 129, 129),
+        (122, 129, 129),
+    ],
+    [
+        (247, 110, 110),
+        (73, 208, 197),
+        (218, 194, 107),
+        (92, 167, 228),
+        (105, 112, 152),
+        (0, 201, 144),
+        (152, 159, 177),
+    ],
+)
+
+SVG_EXPORT_THEME = TerminalTheme(
+    (41, 41, 41),
+    (197, 200, 198),
+    [
+        (75, 78, 85),
+        (204, 85, 90),
+        (152, 168, 75),
+        (208, 179, 68),
+        (96, 138, 177),
+        (152, 114, 159),
+        (104, 160, 179),
+        (197, 200, 198),
+        (154, 155, 153),
+    ],
+    [
+        (255, 38, 39),
+        (0, 130, 61),
+        (208, 132, 66),
+        (25, 132, 233),
+        (255, 44, 122),
+        (57, 130, 128),
+        (253, 253, 197),
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..998cb87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1307 @@
+import re
+from functools import partial, reduce
+from math import gcd
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from ._wrap import divide_line
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .cells import cell_len, set_cell_size
+from .containers import Lines
+from .control import strip_control_codes
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, JustifyMethod, OverflowMethod
+
+DEFAULT_JUSTIFY: "JustifyMethod" = "default"
+DEFAULT_OVERFLOW: "OverflowMethod" = "fold"
+
+
+_re_whitespace = re.compile(r"\s+$")
+
+TextType = Union[str, "Text"]
+
+GetStyleCallable = Callable[[str], Optional[StyleType]]
+
+
+class Span(NamedTuple):
+    """A marked up region in some text."""
+
+    start: int
+    """Span start index."""
+    end: int
+    """Span end index."""
+    style: Union[str, Style]
+    """Style associated with the span."""
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Span({self.start}, {self.end}, {self.style!r})"
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return self.end > self.start
+
+    def split(self, offset: int) -> Tuple["Span", Optional["Span"]]:
+        """Split a span in to 2 from a given offset."""
+
+        if offset < self.start:
+            return self, None
+        if offset >= self.end:
+            return self, None
+
+        start, end, style = self
+        span1 = Span(start, min(end, offset), style)
+        span2 = Span(span1.end, end, style)
+        return span1, span2
+
+    def move(self, offset: int) -> "Span":
+        """Move start and end by a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): Number of characters to add to start and end.
+
+        Returns:
+            TextSpan: A new TextSpan with adjusted position.
+        """
+        start, end, style = self
+        return Span(start + offset, end + offset, style)
+
+    def right_crop(self, offset: int) -> "Span":
+        """Crop the span at the given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): A value between start and end.
+
+        Returns:
+            Span: A new (possibly smaller) span.
+        """
+        start, end, style = self
+        if offset >= end:
+            return self
+        return Span(start, min(offset, end), style)
+
+
+class Text(JupyterMixin):
+    """Text with color / style.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str, optional): Default unstyled text. Defaults to "".
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+        justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+        overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+        no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+        tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to 8.
+        spans (List[Span], optional). A list of predefined style spans. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_text",
+        "style",
+        "justify",
+        "overflow",
+        "no_wrap",
+        "end",
+        "tab_size",
+        "_spans",
+        "_length",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: str = "",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: Optional[int] = 8,
+        spans: Optional[List[Span]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(text)
+        self._text = [sanitized_text]
+        self.style = style
+        self.justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = justify
+        self.overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = overflow
+        self.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        self.end = end
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self._spans: List[Span] = spans or []
+        self._length: int = len(sanitized_text)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._length
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._length)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.plain
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<text {self.plain!r} {self._spans!r}>"
+
+    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> "Text":
+        if isinstance(other, (str, Text)):
+            result = self.copy()
+            result.append(other)
+            return result
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Text):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.plain == other.plain and self._spans == other._spans
+
+    def __contains__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            return other in self.plain
+        elif isinstance(other, Text):
+            return other.plain in self.plain
+        return False
+
+    def __getitem__(self, slice: Union[int, slice]) -> "Text":
+        def get_text_at(offset: int) -> "Text":
+            _Span = Span
+            text = Text(
+                self.plain[offset],
+                spans=[
+                    _Span(0, 1, style)
+                    for start, end, style in self._spans
+                    if end > offset >= start
+                ],
+                end="",
+            )
+            return text
+
+        if isinstance(slice, int):
+            return get_text_at(slice)
+        else:
+            start, stop, step = slice.indices(len(self.plain))
+            if step == 1:
+                lines = self.divide([start, stop])
+                return lines[1]
+            else:
+                # This would be a bit of work to implement efficiently
+                # For now, its not required
+                raise TypeError("slices with step!=1 are not supported")
+
+    @property
+    def cell_len(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of cells required to render this text."""
+        return cell_len(self.plain)
+
+    @property
+    def markup(self) -> str:
+        """Get console markup to render this Text.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string potentially creating markup tags.
+        """
+        from .markup import escape
+
+        output: List[str] = []
+
+        plain = self.plain
+        markup_spans = [
+            (0, False, self.style),
+            *((span.start, False, span.style) for span in self._spans),
+            *((span.end, True, span.style) for span in self._spans),
+            (len(plain), True, self.style),
+        ]
+        markup_spans.sort(key=itemgetter(0, 1))
+        position = 0
+        append = output.append
+        for offset, closing, style in markup_spans:
+            if offset > position:
+                append(escape(plain[position:offset]))
+                position = offset
+            if style:
+                append(f"[/{style}]" if closing else f"[{style}]")
+        markup = "".join(output)
+        return markup
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_markup(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Create Text instance from markup.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing console markup.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A Text instance with markup rendered.
+        """
+        from .markup import render
+
+        rendered_text = render(text, style, emoji=emoji, emoji_variant=emoji_variant)
+        rendered_text.justify = justify
+        rendered_text.overflow = overflow
+        rendered_text.end = end
+        return rendered_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ansi(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: Optional[int] = 8,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Create a Text object from a string containing ANSI escape codes.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing escape codes.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to 8.
+        """
+        from .ansi import AnsiDecoder
+
+        joiner = Text(
+            "\n",
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+            end=end,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+            style=style,
+        )
+        decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+        result = joiner.join(line for line in decoder.decode(text))
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def styled(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        style: StyleType = "",
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Construct a Text instance with a pre-applied styled. A style applied in this way won't be used
+        to pad the text when it is justified.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing console markup.
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style to apply to the text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A text instance with a style applied to the entire string.
+        """
+        styled_text = cls(text, justify=justify, overflow=overflow)
+        styled_text.stylize(style)
+        return styled_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def assemble(
+        cls,
+        *parts: Union[str, "Text", Tuple[str, StyleType]],
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Construct a text instance by combining a sequence of strings with optional styles.
+        The positional arguments should be either strings, or a tuple of string + style.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to 8.
+            meta (Dict[str, Any], optional). Meta data to apply to text, or None for no meta data. Default to None
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A new text instance.
+        """
+        text = cls(
+            style=style,
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+            end=end,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+        )
+        append = text.append
+        _Text = Text
+        for part in parts:
+            if isinstance(part, (_Text, str)):
+                append(part)
+            else:
+                append(*part)
+        if meta:
+            text.apply_meta(meta)
+        return text
+
+    @property
+    def plain(self) -> str:
+        """Get the text as a single string."""
+        if len(self._text) != 1:
+            self._text[:] = ["".join(self._text)]
+        return self._text[0]
+
+    @plain.setter
+    def plain(self, new_text: str) -> None:
+        """Set the text to a new value."""
+        if new_text != self.plain:
+            sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(new_text)
+            self._text[:] = [sanitized_text]
+            old_length = self._length
+            self._length = len(sanitized_text)
+            if old_length > self._length:
+                self._trim_spans()
+
+    @property
+    def spans(self) -> List[Span]:
+        """Get a reference to the internal list of spans."""
+        return self._spans
+
+    @spans.setter
+    def spans(self, spans: List[Span]) -> None:
+        """Set spans."""
+        self._spans = spans[:]
+
+    def blank_copy(self, plain: str = "") -> "Text":
+        """Return a new Text instance with copied meta data (but not the string or spans)."""
+        copy_self = Text(
+            plain,
+            style=self.style,
+            justify=self.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow,
+            no_wrap=self.no_wrap,
+            end=self.end,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+        )
+        return copy_self
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Text":
+        """Return a copy of this instance."""
+        copy_self = Text(
+            self.plain,
+            style=self.style,
+            justify=self.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow,
+            no_wrap=self.no_wrap,
+            end=self.end,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+        )
+        copy_self._spans[:] = self._spans
+        return copy_self
+
+    def stylize(
+        self,
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        start: int = 0,
+        end: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a style to the text, or a portion of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style instance or style definition to apply.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if style:
+            length = len(self)
+            if start < 0:
+                start = length + start
+            if end is None:
+                end = length
+            if end < 0:
+                end = length + end
+            if start >= length or end <= start:
+                # Span not in text or not valid
+                return
+            self._spans.append(Span(start, min(length, end), style))
+
+    def stylize_before(
+        self,
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        start: int = 0,
+        end: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a style to the text, or a portion of the text. Styles will be applied before other styles already present.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style instance or style definition to apply.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if style:
+            length = len(self)
+            if start < 0:
+                start = length + start
+            if end is None:
+                end = length
+            if end < 0:
+                end = length + end
+            if start >= length or end <= start:
+                # Span not in text or not valid
+                return
+            self._spans.insert(0, Span(start, min(length, end), style))
+
+    def apply_meta(
+        self, meta: Dict[str, Any], start: int = 0, end: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply meta data to the text, or a portion of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Dict[str, Any]): A dict of meta information.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+
+        """
+        style = Style.from_meta(meta)
+        self.stylize(style, start=start, end=end)
+
+    def on(self, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Text":
+        """Apply event handlers (used by Textual project).
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.text import Text
+            >>> text = Text("hello world")
+            >>> text.on(click="view.toggle('world')")
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Dict[str, Any]): Mapping of meta information.
+            **handlers: Keyword args are prefixed with "@" to defined handlers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Self is returned to method may be chained.
+        """
+        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
+        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
+        self.stylize(Style.from_meta(meta))
+        return self
+
+    def remove_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a suffix if it exists.
+
+        Args:
+            suffix (str): Suffix to remove.
+        """
+        if self.plain.endswith(suffix):
+            self.right_crop(len(suffix))
+
+    def get_style_at_offset(self, console: "Console", offset: int) -> Style:
+        """Get the style of a character at give offset.
+
+        Args:
+            console (~Console): Console where text will be rendered.
+            offset (int): Offset in to text (negative indexing supported)
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style instance.
+        """
+        # TODO: This is a little inefficient, it is only used by full justify
+        if offset < 0:
+            offset = len(self) + offset
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        style = get_style(self.style).copy()
+        for start, end, span_style in self._spans:
+            if end > offset >= start:
+                style += get_style(span_style, default="")
+        return style
+
+    def highlight_regex(
+        self,
+        re_highlight: str,
+        style: Optional[Union[GetStyleCallable, StyleType]] = None,
+        *,
+        style_prefix: str = "",
+    ) -> int:
+        """Highlight text with a regular expression, where group names are
+        translated to styles.
+
+        Args:
+            re_highlight (str): A regular expression.
+            style (Union[GetStyleCallable, StyleType]): Optional style to apply to whole match, or a callable
+                which accepts the matched text and returns a style. Defaults to None.
+            style_prefix (str, optional): Optional prefix to add to style group names.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of regex matches
+        """
+        count = 0
+        append_span = self._spans.append
+        _Span = Span
+        plain = self.plain
+        for match in re.finditer(re_highlight, plain):
+            get_span = match.span
+            if style:
+                start, end = get_span()
+                match_style = style(plain[start:end]) if callable(style) else style
+                if match_style is not None and end > start:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, end, match_style))
+
+            count += 1
+            for name in match.groupdict().keys():
+                start, end = get_span(name)
+                if start != -1 and end > start:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, end, f"{style_prefix}{name}"))
+        return count
+
+    def highlight_words(
+        self,
+        words: Iterable[str],
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        *,
+        case_sensitive: bool = True,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Highlight words with a style.
+
+        Args:
+            words (Iterable[str]): Worlds to highlight.
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style to apply.
+            case_sensitive (bool, optional): Enable case sensitive matchings. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of words highlighted.
+        """
+        re_words = "|".join(re.escape(word) for word in words)
+        add_span = self._spans.append
+        count = 0
+        _Span = Span
+        for match in re.finditer(
+            re_words, self.plain, flags=0 if case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE
+        ):
+            start, end = match.span(0)
+            add_span(_Span(start, end, style))
+            count += 1
+        return count
+
+    def rstrip(self) -> None:
+        """Strip whitespace from end of text."""
+        self.plain = self.plain.rstrip()
+
+    def rstrip_end(self, size: int) -> None:
+        """Remove whitespace beyond a certain width at the end of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            size (int): The desired size of the text.
+        """
+        text_length = len(self)
+        if text_length > size:
+            excess = text_length - size
+            whitespace_match = _re_whitespace.search(self.plain)
+            if whitespace_match is not None:
+                whitespace_count = len(whitespace_match.group(0))
+                self.right_crop(min(whitespace_count, excess))
+
+    def set_length(self, new_length: int) -> None:
+        """Set new length of the text, clipping or padding is required."""
+        length = len(self)
+        if length != new_length:
+            if length < new_length:
+                self.pad_right(new_length - length)
+            else:
+                self.right_crop(length - new_length)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        tab_size: int = console.tab_size or self.tab_size or 8
+        justify = self.justify or options.justify or DEFAULT_JUSTIFY
+
+        overflow = self.overflow or options.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+
+        lines = self.wrap(
+            console,
+            options.max_width,
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            tab_size=tab_size or 8,
+            no_wrap=pick_bool(self.no_wrap, options.no_wrap, False),
+        )
+        all_lines = Text("\n").join(lines)
+        yield from all_lines.render(console, end=self.end)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        text = self.plain
+        lines = text.splitlines()
+        max_text_width = max(cell_len(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0
+        words = text.split()
+        min_text_width = (
+            max(cell_len(word) for word in words) if words else max_text_width
+        )
+        return Measurement(min_text_width, max_text_width)
+
+    def render(self, console: "Console", end: str = "") -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Render the text as Segments.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            end (Optional[str], optional): Optional end character.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: Result of render that may be written to the console.
+        """
+        _Segment = Segment
+        text = self.plain
+        if not self._spans:
+            yield Segment(text)
+            if end:
+                yield _Segment(end)
+            return
+        get_style = partial(console.get_style, default=Style.null())
+
+        enumerated_spans = list(enumerate(self._spans, 1))
+        style_map = {index: get_style(span.style) for index, span in enumerated_spans}
+        style_map[0] = get_style(self.style)
+
+        spans = [
+            (0, False, 0),
+            *((span.start, False, index) for index, span in enumerated_spans),
+            *((span.end, True, index) for index, span in enumerated_spans),
+            (len(text), True, 0),
+        ]
+        spans.sort(key=itemgetter(0, 1))
+
+        stack: List[int] = []
+        stack_append = stack.append
+        stack_pop = stack.remove
+
+        style_cache: Dict[Tuple[Style, ...], Style] = {}
+        style_cache_get = style_cache.get
+        combine = Style.combine
+
+        def get_current_style() -> Style:
+            """Construct current style from stack."""
+            styles = tuple(style_map[_style_id] for _style_id in sorted(stack))
+            cached_style = style_cache_get(styles)
+            if cached_style is not None:
+                return cached_style
+            current_style = combine(styles)
+            style_cache[styles] = current_style
+            return current_style
+
+        for (offset, leaving, style_id), (next_offset, _, _) in zip(spans, spans[1:]):
+            if leaving:
+                stack_pop(style_id)
+            else:
+                stack_append(style_id)
+            if next_offset > offset:
+                yield _Segment(text[offset:next_offset], get_current_style())
+        if end:
+            yield _Segment(end)
+
+    def join(self, lines: Iterable["Text"]) -> "Text":
+        """Join text together with this instance as the separator.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[Text]): An iterable of Text instances to join.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A new text instance containing join text.
+        """
+
+        new_text = self.blank_copy()
+
+        def iter_text() -> Iterable["Text"]:
+            if self.plain:
+                for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+                    yield line
+                    if not last:
+                        yield self
+            else:
+                yield from lines
+
+        extend_text = new_text._text.extend
+        append_span = new_text._spans.append
+        extend_spans = new_text._spans.extend
+        offset = 0
+        _Span = Span
+
+        for text in iter_text():
+            extend_text(text._text)
+            if text.style:
+                append_span(_Span(offset, offset + len(text), text.style))
+            extend_spans(
+                _Span(offset + start, offset + end, style)
+                for start, end, style in text._spans
+            )
+            offset += len(text)
+        new_text._length = offset
+        return new_text
+
+    def expand_tabs(self, tab_size: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+        """Converts tabs to spaces.
+
+        Args:
+            tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 8.
+
+        """
+        if "\t" not in self.plain:
+            return
+        pos = 0
+        if tab_size is None:
+            tab_size = self.tab_size
+        assert tab_size is not None
+        result = self.blank_copy()
+        append = result.append
+
+        _style = self.style
+        for line in self.split("\n", include_separator=True):
+            parts = line.split("\t", include_separator=True)
+            for part in parts:
+                if part.plain.endswith("\t"):
+                    part._text = [part.plain[:-1] + " "]
+                    append(part)
+                    pos += len(part)
+                    spaces = tab_size - ((pos - 1) % tab_size) - 1
+                    if spaces:
+                        append(" " * spaces, _style)
+                        pos += spaces
+                else:
+                    append(part)
+        self._text = [result.plain]
+        self._length = len(self.plain)
+        self._spans[:] = result._spans
+
+    def truncate(
+        self,
+        max_width: int,
+        *,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        pad: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Truncate text if it is longer that a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            max_width (int): Maximum number of characters in text.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None, to use self.overflow.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad with spaces if the length is less than max_width. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        _overflow = overflow or self.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+        if _overflow != "ignore":
+            length = cell_len(self.plain)
+            if length > max_width:
+                if _overflow == "ellipsis":
+                    self.plain = set_cell_size(self.plain, max_width - 1) + "…"
+                else:
+                    self.plain = set_cell_size(self.plain, max_width)
+            if pad and length < max_width:
+                spaces = max_width - length
+                self._text = [f"{self.plain}{' ' * spaces}"]
+                self._length = len(self.plain)
+
+    def _trim_spans(self) -> None:
+        """Remove or modify any spans that are over the end of the text."""
+        max_offset = len(self.plain)
+        _Span = Span
+        self._spans[:] = [
+            (
+                span
+                if span.end < max_offset
+                else _Span(span.start, min(max_offset, span.end), span.style)
+            )
+            for span in self._spans
+            if span.start < max_offset
+        ]
+
+    def pad(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad left and right with a given number of characters.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Width of padding.
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            pad_characters = character * count
+            self.plain = f"{pad_characters}{self.plain}{pad_characters}"
+            _Span = Span
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                _Span(start + count, end + count, style)
+                for start, end, style in self._spans
+            ]
+
+    def pad_left(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad the left with a given character.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Number of characters to pad.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            self.plain = f"{character * count}{self.plain}"
+            _Span = Span
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                _Span(start + count, end + count, style)
+                for start, end, style in self._spans
+            ]
+
+    def pad_right(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad the right with a given character.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Number of characters to pad.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            self.plain = f"{self.plain}{character * count}"
+
+    def align(self, align: AlignMethod, width: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Align text to a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            align (AlignMethod): One of "left", "center", or "right".
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        self.truncate(width)
+        excess_space = width - cell_len(self.plain)
+        if excess_space:
+            if align == "left":
+                self.pad_right(excess_space, character)
+            elif align == "center":
+                left = excess_space // 2
+                self.pad_left(left, character)
+                self.pad_right(excess_space - left, character)
+            else:
+                self.pad_left(excess_space, character)
+
+    def append(
+        self, text: Union["Text", str], style: Optional[Union[str, "Style"]] = None
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Add text with an optional style.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Union[Text, str]): A str or Text to append.
+            style (str, optional): A style name. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+
+        if not isinstance(text, (str, Text)):
+            raise TypeError("Only str or Text can be appended to Text")
+
+        if len(text):
+            if isinstance(text, str):
+                sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(text)
+                self._text.append(sanitized_text)
+                offset = len(self)
+                text_length = len(sanitized_text)
+                if style is not None:
+                    self._spans.append(Span(offset, offset + text_length, style))
+                self._length += text_length
+            elif isinstance(text, Text):
+                _Span = Span
+                if style is not None:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "style must not be set when appending Text instance"
+                    )
+                text_length = self._length
+                if text.style is not None:
+                    self._spans.append(
+                        _Span(text_length, text_length + len(text), text.style)
+                    )
+                self._text.append(text.plain)
+                self._spans.extend(
+                    _Span(start + text_length, end + text_length, style)
+                    for start, end, style in text._spans
+                )
+                self._length += len(text)
+        return self
+
+    def append_text(self, text: "Text") -> "Text":
+        """Append another Text instance. This method is more performant that Text.append, but
+        only works for Text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+        _Span = Span
+        text_length = self._length
+        if text.style is not None:
+            self._spans.append(_Span(text_length, text_length + len(text), text.style))
+        self._text.append(text.plain)
+        self._spans.extend(
+            _Span(start + text_length, end + text_length, style)
+            for start, end, style in text._spans
+        )
+        self._length += len(text)
+        return self
+
+    def append_tokens(
+        self, tokens: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[StyleType]]]
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Append iterable of str and style. Style may be a Style instance or a str style definition.
+
+        Args:
+            pairs (Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[StyleType]]]): An iterable of tuples containing str content and style.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+        append_text = self._text.append
+        append_span = self._spans.append
+        _Span = Span
+        offset = len(self)
+        for content, style in tokens:
+            append_text(content)
+            if style is not None:
+                append_span(_Span(offset, offset + len(content), style))
+            offset += len(content)
+        self._length = offset
+        return self
+
+    def copy_styles(self, text: "Text") -> None:
+        """Copy styles from another Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): A Text instance to copy styles from, must be the same length.
+        """
+        self._spans.extend(text._spans)
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        separator: str = "\n",
+        *,
+        include_separator: bool = False,
+        allow_blank: bool = False,
+    ) -> Lines:
+        """Split rich text in to lines, preserving styles.
+
+        Args:
+            separator (str, optional): String to split on. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            include_separator (bool, optional): Include the separator in the lines. Defaults to False.
+            allow_blank (bool, optional): Return a blank line if the text ends with a separator. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[RichText]: A list of rich text, one per line of the original.
+        """
+        assert separator, "separator must not be empty"
+
+        text = self.plain
+        if separator not in text:
+            return Lines([self.copy()])
+
+        if include_separator:
+            lines = self.divide(
+                match.end() for match in re.finditer(re.escape(separator), text)
+            )
+        else:
+
+            def flatten_spans() -> Iterable[int]:
+                for match in re.finditer(re.escape(separator), text):
+                    start, end = match.span()
+                    yield start
+                    yield end
+
+            lines = Lines(
+                line for line in self.divide(flatten_spans()) if line.plain != separator
+            )
+
+        if not allow_blank and text.endswith(separator):
+            lines.pop()
+
+        return lines
+
+    def divide(self, offsets: Iterable[int]) -> Lines:
+        """Divide text in to a number of lines at given offsets.
+
+        Args:
+            offsets (Iterable[int]): Offsets used to divide text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: New RichText instances between offsets.
+        """
+        _offsets = list(offsets)
+
+        if not _offsets:
+            return Lines([self.copy()])
+
+        text = self.plain
+        text_length = len(text)
+        divide_offsets = [0, *_offsets, text_length]
+        line_ranges = list(zip(divide_offsets, divide_offsets[1:]))
+
+        style = self.style
+        justify = self.justify
+        overflow = self.overflow
+        _Text = Text
+        new_lines = Lines(
+            _Text(
+                text[start:end],
+                style=style,
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+            )
+            for start, end in line_ranges
+        )
+        if not self._spans:
+            return new_lines
+
+        _line_appends = [line._spans.append for line in new_lines._lines]
+        line_count = len(line_ranges)
+        _Span = Span
+
+        for span_start, span_end, style in self._spans:
+
+            lower_bound = 0
+            upper_bound = line_count
+            start_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            while True:
+                line_start, line_end = line_ranges[start_line_no]
+                if span_start < line_start:
+                    upper_bound = start_line_no - 1
+                elif span_start > line_end:
+                    lower_bound = start_line_no + 1
+                else:
+                    break
+                start_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            if span_end < line_end:
+                end_line_no = start_line_no
+            else:
+                end_line_no = lower_bound = start_line_no
+                upper_bound = line_count
+
+                while True:
+                    line_start, line_end = line_ranges[end_line_no]
+                    if span_end < line_start:
+                        upper_bound = end_line_no - 1
+                    elif span_end > line_end:
+                        lower_bound = end_line_no + 1
+                    else:
+                        break
+                    end_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            for line_no in range(start_line_no, end_line_no + 1):
+                line_start, line_end = line_ranges[line_no]
+                new_start = max(0, span_start - line_start)
+                new_end = min(span_end - line_start, line_end - line_start)
+                if new_end > new_start:
+                    _line_appends[line_no](_Span(new_start, new_end, style))
+
+        return new_lines
+
+    def right_crop(self, amount: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Remove a number of characters from the end of the text."""
+        max_offset = len(self.plain) - amount
+        _Span = Span
+        self._spans[:] = [
+            (
+                span
+                if span.end < max_offset
+                else _Span(span.start, min(max_offset, span.end), span.style)
+            )
+            for span in self._spans
+            if span.start < max_offset
+        ]
+        self._text = [self.plain[:-amount]]
+        self._length -= amount
+
+    def wrap(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        width: int,
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Lines:
+        """Word wrap the text.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Number of characters per line.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to "default".
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            tab_size (int, optional): Default tab size. Defaults to 8.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable wrapping, Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: Number of lines.
+        """
+        wrap_justify = justify or self.justify or DEFAULT_JUSTIFY
+        wrap_overflow = overflow or self.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+
+        no_wrap = pick_bool(no_wrap, self.no_wrap, False) or overflow == "ignore"
+
+        lines = Lines()
+        for line in self.split(allow_blank=True):
+            if "\t" in line:
+                line.expand_tabs(tab_size)
+            if no_wrap:
+                new_lines = Lines([line])
+            else:
+                offsets = divide_line(str(line), width, fold=wrap_overflow == "fold")
+                new_lines = line.divide(offsets)
+            for line in new_lines:
+                line.rstrip_end(width)
+            if wrap_justify:
+                new_lines.justify(
+                    console, width, justify=wrap_justify, overflow=wrap_overflow
+                )
+            for line in new_lines:
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=wrap_overflow)
+            lines.extend(new_lines)
+        return lines
+
+    def fit(self, width: int) -> Lines:
+        """Fit the text in to given width by chopping in to lines.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Maximum characters in a line.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: Lines container.
+        """
+        lines: Lines = Lines()
+        append = lines.append
+        for line in self.split():
+            line.set_length(width)
+            append(line)
+        return lines
+
+    def detect_indentation(self) -> int:
+        """Auto-detect indentation of code.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of spaces used to indent code.
+        """
+
+        _indentations = {
+            len(match.group(1))
+            for match in re.finditer(r"^( *)(.*)$", self.plain, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+        }
+
+        try:
+            indentation = (
+                reduce(gcd, [indent for indent in _indentations if not indent % 2]) or 1
+            )
+        except TypeError:
+            indentation = 1
+
+        return indentation
+
+    def with_indent_guides(
+        self,
+        indent_size: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        character: str = "│",
+        style: StyleType = "dim green",
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Adds indent guide lines to text.
+
+        Args:
+            indent_size (Optional[int]): Size of indentation, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+            character (str, optional): Character to use for indentation. Defaults to "│".
+            style (Union[Style, str], optional): Style of indent guides.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: New text with indentation guides.
+        """
+
+        _indent_size = self.detect_indentation() if indent_size is None else indent_size
+
+        text = self.copy()
+        text.expand_tabs()
+        indent_line = f"{character}{' ' * (_indent_size - 1)}"
+
+        re_indent = re.compile(r"^( *)(.*)$")
+        new_lines: List[Text] = []
+        add_line = new_lines.append
+        blank_lines = 0
+        for line in text.split(allow_blank=True):
+            match = re_indent.match(line.plain)
+            if not match or not match.group(2):
+                blank_lines += 1
+                continue
+            indent = match.group(1)
+            full_indents, remaining_space = divmod(len(indent), _indent_size)
+            new_indent = f"{indent_line * full_indents}{' ' * remaining_space}"
+            line.plain = new_indent + line.plain[len(new_indent) :]
+            line.stylize(style, 0, len(new_indent))
+            if blank_lines:
+                new_lines.extend([Text(new_indent, style=style)] * blank_lines)
+                blank_lines = 0
+            add_line(line)
+        if blank_lines:
+            new_lines.extend([Text("", style=style)] * blank_lines)
+
+        new_text = text.blank_copy("\n").join(new_lines)
+        return new_text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    text = Text(
+        """\nLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.\n"""
+    )
+    text.highlight_words(["Lorem"], "bold")
+    text.highlight_words(["ipsum"], "italic")
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("justify='left'")
+    console.print(text, style="red")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='center'")
+    console.print(text, style="green", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='right'")
+    console.print(text, style="blue", justify="right")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='full'")
+    console.print(text, style="magenta", justify="full")
+    console.print()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..471dfb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import configparser
+from typing import Dict, List, IO, Mapping, Optional
+
+from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+
+class Theme:
+    """A container for style information, used by :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+
+    Args:
+        styles (Dict[str, Style], optional): A mapping of style names on to styles. Defaults to None for a theme with no styles.
+        inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    styles: Dict[str, Style]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, styles: Optional[Mapping[str, StyleType]] = None, inherit: bool = True
+    ):
+        self.styles = DEFAULT_STYLES.copy() if inherit else {}
+        if styles is not None:
+            self.styles.update(
+                {
+                    name: style if isinstance(style, Style) else Style.parse(style)
+                    for name, style in styles.items()
+                }
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def config(self) -> str:
+        """Get contents of a config file for this theme."""
+        config = "[styles]\n" + "\n".join(
+            f"{name} = {style}" for name, style in sorted(self.styles.items())
+        )
+        return config
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_file(
+        cls, config_file: IO[str], source: Optional[str] = None, inherit: bool = True
+    ) -> "Theme":
+        """Load a theme from a text mode file.
+
+        Args:
+            config_file (IO[str]): An open conf file.
+            source (str, optional): The filename of the open file. Defaults to None.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Theme: A New theme instance.
+        """
+        config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        config.read_file(config_file, source=source)
+        styles = {name: Style.parse(value) for name, value in config.items("styles")}
+        theme = Theme(styles, inherit=inherit)
+        return theme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def read(
+        cls, path: str, inherit: bool = True, encoding: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> "Theme":
+        """Read a theme from a path.
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to a config file readable by Python configparser module.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+            encoding (str, optional): Encoding of the config file. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Theme: A new theme instance.
+        """
+        with open(path, "rt", encoding=encoding) as config_file:
+            return cls.from_file(config_file, source=path, inherit=inherit)
+
+
+class ThemeStackError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for errors related to the theme stack."""
+
+
+class ThemeStack:
+    """A stack of themes.
+
+    Args:
+        theme (Theme): A theme instance
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, theme: Theme) -> None:
+        self._entries: List[Dict[str, Style]] = [theme.styles]
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+    def push_theme(self, theme: Theme, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Push a theme on the top of the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): A Theme instance.
+            inherit (boolean, optional): Inherit styles from current top of stack.
+        """
+        styles: Dict[str, Style]
+        styles = (
+            {**self._entries[-1], **theme.styles} if inherit else theme.styles.copy()
+        )
+        self._entries.append(styles)
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+    def pop_theme(self) -> None:
+        """Pop (and discard) the top-most theme."""
+        if len(self._entries) == 1:
+            raise ThemeStackError("Unable to pop base theme")
+        self._entries.pop()
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    theme = Theme()
+    print(theme.config)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf6db10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
+from .theme import Theme
+
+
+DEFAULT = Theme(DEFAULT_STYLES)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4ffe1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,756 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import linecache
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from traceback import walk_tb
+from types import ModuleType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import guess_lexer_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment, Keyword, Name, Number, Operator, String
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text as TextToken
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from . import pretty
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .columns import Columns
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, ConsoleRenderable, RenderResult, group
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .highlighter import RegexHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .scope import render_scope
+from .style import Style
+from .syntax import Syntax
+from .text import Text
+from .theme import Theme
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH = 10
+LOCALS_MAX_STRING = 80
+
+
+def install(
+    *,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    width: Optional[int] = 100,
+    extra_lines: int = 3,
+    theme: Optional[str] = None,
+    word_wrap: bool = False,
+    show_locals: bool = False,
+    locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+    locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+    locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+    locals_hide_sunder: Optional[bool] = None,
+    indent_guides: bool = True,
+    suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+    max_frames: int = 100,
+) -> Callable[[Type[BaseException], BaseException, Optional[TracebackType]], Any]:
+    """Install a rich traceback handler.
+
+    Once installed, any tracebacks will be printed with syntax highlighting and rich formatting.
+
+
+    Args:
+        console (Optional[Console], optional): Console to write exception to. Default uses internal Console instance.
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Width (in characters) of traceback. Defaults to 100.
+        extra_lines (int, optional): Extra lines of code. Defaults to 3.
+        theme (Optional[str], optional): Pygments theme to use in traceback. Defaults to ``None`` which will pick
+            a theme appropriate for the platform.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+
+    Returns:
+        Callable: The previous exception handler that was replaced.
+
+    """
+    traceback_console = Console(stderr=True) if console is None else console
+
+    locals_hide_sunder = (
+        True
+        if (traceback_console.is_jupyter and locals_hide_sunder is None)
+        else locals_hide_sunder
+    )
+
+    def excepthook(
+        type_: Type[BaseException],
+        value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        traceback_console.print(
+            Traceback.from_exception(
+                type_,
+                value,
+                traceback,
+                width=width,
+                extra_lines=extra_lines,
+                theme=theme,
+                word_wrap=word_wrap,
+                show_locals=show_locals,
+                locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+                locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+                locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+                locals_hide_sunder=bool(locals_hide_sunder),
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                suppress=suppress,
+                max_frames=max_frames,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def ipy_excepthook_closure(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        tb_data = {}  # store information about showtraceback call
+        default_showtraceback = ip.showtraceback  # keep reference of default traceback
+
+        def ipy_show_traceback(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            """wrap the default ip.showtraceback to store info for ip._showtraceback"""
+            nonlocal tb_data
+            tb_data = kwargs
+            default_showtraceback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        def ipy_display_traceback(
+            *args: Any, is_syntax: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+        ) -> None:
+            """Internally called traceback from ip._showtraceback"""
+            nonlocal tb_data
+            exc_tuple = ip._get_exc_info()
+
+            # do not display trace on syntax error
+            tb: Optional[TracebackType] = None if is_syntax else exc_tuple[2]
+
+            # determine correct tb_offset
+            compiled = tb_data.get("running_compiled_code", False)
+            tb_offset = tb_data.get("tb_offset", 1 if compiled else 0)
+            # remove ipython internal frames from trace with tb_offset
+            for _ in range(tb_offset):
+                if tb is None:
+                    break
+                tb = tb.tb_next
+
+            excepthook(exc_tuple[0], exc_tuple[1], tb)
+            tb_data = {}  # clear data upon usage
+
+        # replace _showtraceback instead of showtraceback to allow ipython features such as debugging to work
+        # this is also what the ipython docs recommends to modify when subclassing InteractiveShell
+        ip._showtraceback = ipy_display_traceback
+        # add wrapper to capture tb_data
+        ip.showtraceback = ipy_show_traceback
+        ip.showsyntaxerror = lambda *args, **kwargs: ipy_display_traceback(
+            *args, is_syntax=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    try:  # pragma: no cover
+        # if within ipython, use customized traceback
+        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        ipy_excepthook_closure(ip)
+        return sys.excepthook
+    except Exception:
+        # otherwise use default system hook
+        old_excepthook = sys.excepthook
+        sys.excepthook = excepthook
+        return old_excepthook
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Frame:
+    filename: str
+    lineno: int
+    name: str
+    line: str = ""
+    locals: Optional[Dict[str, pretty.Node]] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SyntaxError:
+    offset: int
+    filename: str
+    line: str
+    lineno: int
+    msg: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Stack:
+    exc_type: str
+    exc_value: str
+    syntax_error: Optional[_SyntaxError] = None
+    is_cause: bool = False
+    frames: List[Frame] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Trace:
+    stacks: List[Stack]
+
+
+class PathHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    highlights = [r"(?P<dim>.*/)(?P<bold>.+)"]
+
+
+class Traceback:
+    """A Console renderable that renders a traceback.
+
+    Args:
+        trace (Trace, optional): A `Trace` object produced from `extract`. Defaults to None, which uses
+            the last exception.
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
+        extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+        theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+
+    """
+
+    LEXERS = {
+        "": "text",
+        ".py": "python",
+        ".pxd": "cython",
+        ".pyx": "cython",
+        ".pxi": "pyrex",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        trace: Optional[Trace] = None,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = True,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ):
+        if trace is None:
+            exc_type, exc_value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+            if exc_type is None or exc_value is None or traceback is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Value for 'trace' required if not called in except: block"
+                )
+            trace = self.extract(
+                exc_type, exc_value, traceback, show_locals=show_locals
+            )
+        self.trace = trace
+        self.width = width
+        self.extra_lines = extra_lines
+        self.theme = Syntax.get_theme(theme or "ansi_dark")
+        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
+        self.show_locals = show_locals
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
+        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
+        self.locals_hide_dunder = locals_hide_dunder
+        self.locals_hide_sunder = locals_hide_sunder
+
+        self.suppress: Sequence[str] = []
+        for suppress_entity in suppress:
+            if not isinstance(suppress_entity, str):
+                assert (
+                    suppress_entity.__file__ is not None
+                ), f"{suppress_entity!r} must be a module with '__file__' attribute"
+                path = os.path.dirname(suppress_entity.__file__)
+            else:
+                path = suppress_entity
+            path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
+            self.suppress.append(path)
+        self.max_frames = max(4, max_frames) if max_frames > 0 else 0
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_exception(
+        cls,
+        exc_type: Type[Any],
+        exc_value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = True,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ) -> "Traceback":
+        """Create a traceback from exception info
+
+        Args:
+            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
+            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
+            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
+            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+                Defaults to 10.
+            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+
+        Returns:
+            Traceback: A Traceback instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        rich_traceback = cls.extract(
+            exc_type,
+            exc_value,
+            traceback,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            rich_traceback,
+            width=width,
+            extra_lines=extra_lines,
+            theme=theme,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
+            suppress=suppress,
+            max_frames=max_frames,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def extract(
+        cls,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException],
+        exc_value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+        *,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+    ) -> Trace:
+        """Extract traceback information.
+
+        Args:
+            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
+            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
+            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+                Defaults to 10.
+            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Trace: A Trace instance which you can use to construct a `Traceback`.
+        """
+
+        stacks: List[Stack] = []
+        is_cause = False
+
+        from pip._vendor.rich import _IMPORT_CWD
+
+        def safe_str(_object: Any) -> str:
+            """Don't allow exceptions from __str__ to propagate."""
+            try:
+                return str(_object)
+            except Exception:
+                return "<exception str() failed>"
+
+        while True:
+            stack = Stack(
+                exc_type=safe_str(exc_type.__name__),
+                exc_value=safe_str(exc_value),
+                is_cause=is_cause,
+            )
+
+            if isinstance(exc_value, SyntaxError):
+                stack.syntax_error = _SyntaxError(
+                    offset=exc_value.offset or 0,
+                    filename=exc_value.filename or "?",
+                    lineno=exc_value.lineno or 0,
+                    line=exc_value.text or "",
+                    msg=exc_value.msg,
+                )
+
+            stacks.append(stack)
+            append = stack.frames.append
+
+            def get_locals(
+                iter_locals: Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]
+            ) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]:
+                """Extract locals from an iterator of key pairs."""
+                if not (locals_hide_dunder or locals_hide_sunder):
+                    yield from iter_locals
+                    return
+                for key, value in iter_locals:
+                    if locals_hide_dunder and key.startswith("__"):
+                        continue
+                    if locals_hide_sunder and key.startswith("_"):
+                        continue
+                    yield key, value
+
+            for frame_summary, line_no in walk_tb(traceback):
+                filename = frame_summary.f_code.co_filename
+                if filename and not filename.startswith("<"):
+                    if not os.path.isabs(filename):
+                        filename = os.path.join(_IMPORT_CWD, filename)
+                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_omit", False):
+                    continue
+
+                frame = Frame(
+                    filename=filename or "?",
+                    lineno=line_no,
+                    name=frame_summary.f_code.co_name,
+                    locals={
+                        key: pretty.traverse(
+                            value,
+                            max_length=locals_max_length,
+                            max_string=locals_max_string,
+                        )
+                        for key, value in get_locals(frame_summary.f_locals.items())
+                    }
+                    if show_locals
+                    else None,
+                )
+                append(frame)
+                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_guard", False):
+                    del stack.frames[:]
+
+            cause = getattr(exc_value, "__cause__", None)
+            if cause:
+                exc_type = cause.__class__
+                exc_value = cause
+                # __traceback__ can be None, e.g. for exceptions raised by the
+                # 'multiprocessing' module
+                traceback = cause.__traceback__
+                is_cause = True
+                continue
+
+            cause = exc_value.__context__
+            if cause and not getattr(exc_value, "__suppress_context__", False):
+                exc_type = cause.__class__
+                exc_value = cause
+                traceback = cause.__traceback__
+                is_cause = False
+                continue
+            # No cover, code is reached but coverage doesn't recognize it.
+            break  # pragma: no cover
+
+        trace = Trace(stacks=stacks)
+        return trace
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        theme = self.theme
+        background_style = theme.get_background_style()
+        token_style = theme.get_style_for_token
+
+        traceback_theme = Theme(
+            {
+                "pretty": token_style(TextToken),
+                "pygments.text": token_style(Token),
+                "pygments.string": token_style(String),
+                "pygments.function": token_style(Name.Function),
+                "pygments.number": token_style(Number),
+                "repr.indent": token_style(Comment) + Style(dim=True),
+                "repr.str": token_style(String),
+                "repr.brace": token_style(TextToken) + Style(bold=True),
+                "repr.number": token_style(Number),
+                "repr.bool_true": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "repr.bool_false": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "repr.none": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "scope.border": token_style(String.Delimiter),
+                "scope.equals": token_style(Operator),
+                "scope.key": token_style(Name),
+                "scope.key.special": token_style(Name.Constant) + Style(dim=True),
+            },
+            inherit=False,
+        )
+
+        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        for last, stack in loop_last(reversed(self.trace.stacks)):
+            if stack.frames:
+                stack_renderable: ConsoleRenderable = Panel(
+                    self._render_stack(stack),
+                    title="[traceback.title]Traceback [dim](most recent call last)",
+                    style=background_style,
+                    border_style="traceback.border",
+                    expand=True,
+                    padding=(0, 1),
+                )
+                stack_renderable = Constrain(stack_renderable, self.width)
+                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
+                    yield stack_renderable
+            if stack.syntax_error is not None:
+                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
+                    yield Constrain(
+                        Panel(
+                            self._render_syntax_error(stack.syntax_error),
+                            style=background_style,
+                            border_style="traceback.border.syntax_error",
+                            expand=True,
+                            padding=(0, 1),
+                            width=self.width,
+                        ),
+                        self.width,
+                    )
+                yield Text.assemble(
+                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
+                    highlighter(stack.syntax_error.msg),
+                )
+            elif stack.exc_value:
+                yield Text.assemble(
+                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
+                    highlighter(stack.exc_value),
+                )
+            else:
+                yield Text.assemble((f"{stack.exc_type}", "traceback.exc_type"))
+
+            if not last:
+                if stack.is_cause:
+                    yield Text.from_markup(
+                        "\n[i]The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    yield Text.from_markup(
+                        "\n[i]During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
+                    )
+
+    @group()
+    def _render_syntax_error(self, syntax_error: _SyntaxError) -> RenderResult:
+        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
+        if syntax_error.filename != "<stdin>":
+            if os.path.exists(syntax_error.filename):
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    (f" {syntax_error.filename}", "pygments.string"),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(syntax_error.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+                yield path_highlighter(text)
+        syntax_error_text = highlighter(syntax_error.line.rstrip())
+        syntax_error_text.no_wrap = True
+        offset = min(syntax_error.offset - 1, len(syntax_error_text))
+        syntax_error_text.stylize("bold underline", offset, offset)
+        syntax_error_text += Text.from_markup(
+            "\n" + " " * offset + "[traceback.offset]▲[/]",
+            style="pygments.text",
+        )
+        yield syntax_error_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _guess_lexer(cls, filename: str, code: str) -> str:
+        ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1]
+        if not ext:
+            # No extension, look at first line to see if it is a hashbang
+            # Note, this is an educated guess and not a guarantee
+            # If it fails, the only downside is that the code is highlighted strangely
+            new_line_index = code.index("\n")
+            first_line = code[:new_line_index] if new_line_index != -1 else code
+            if first_line.startswith("#!") and "python" in first_line.lower():
+                return "python"
+        try:
+            return cls.LEXERS.get(ext) or guess_lexer_for_filename(filename, code).name
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            return "text"
+
+    @group()
+    def _render_stack(self, stack: Stack) -> RenderResult:
+        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
+        theme = self.theme
+
+        def read_code(filename: str) -> str:
+            """Read files, and cache results on filename.
+
+            Args:
+                filename (str): Filename to read
+
+            Returns:
+                str: Contents of file
+            """
+            return "".join(linecache.getlines(filename))
+
+        def render_locals(frame: Frame) -> Iterable[ConsoleRenderable]:
+            if frame.locals:
+                yield render_scope(
+                    frame.locals,
+                    title="locals",
+                    indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
+                    max_length=self.locals_max_length,
+                    max_string=self.locals_max_string,
+                )
+
+        exclude_frames: Optional[range] = None
+        if self.max_frames != 0:
+            exclude_frames = range(
+                self.max_frames // 2,
+                len(stack.frames) - self.max_frames // 2,
+            )
+
+        excluded = False
+        for frame_index, frame in enumerate(stack.frames):
+
+            if exclude_frames and frame_index in exclude_frames:
+                excluded = True
+                continue
+
+            if excluded:
+                assert exclude_frames is not None
+                yield Text(
+                    f"\n... {len(exclude_frames)} frames hidden ...",
+                    justify="center",
+                    style="traceback.error",
+                )
+                excluded = False
+
+            first = frame_index == 0
+            frame_filename = frame.filename
+            suppressed = any(frame_filename.startswith(path) for path in self.suppress)
+
+            if os.path.exists(frame.filename):
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    path_highlighter(Text(frame.filename, style="pygments.string")),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    " in ",
+                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+            else:
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    "in ",
+                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+            if not frame.filename.startswith("<") and not first:
+                yield ""
+            yield text
+            if frame.filename.startswith("<"):
+                yield from render_locals(frame)
+                continue
+            if not suppressed:
+                try:
+                    code = read_code(frame.filename)
+                    if not code:
+                        # code may be an empty string if the file doesn't exist, OR
+                        # if the traceback filename is generated dynamically
+                        continue
+                    lexer_name = self._guess_lexer(frame.filename, code)
+                    syntax = Syntax(
+                        code,
+                        lexer_name,
+                        theme=theme,
+                        line_numbers=True,
+                        line_range=(
+                            frame.lineno - self.extra_lines,
+                            frame.lineno + self.extra_lines,
+                        ),
+                        highlight_lines={frame.lineno},
+                        word_wrap=self.word_wrap,
+                        code_width=88,
+                        indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
+                        dedent=False,
+                    )
+                    yield ""
+                except Exception as error:
+                    yield Text.assemble(
+                        (f"\n{error}", "traceback.error"),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    yield (
+                        Columns(
+                            [
+                                syntax,
+                                *render_locals(frame),
+                            ],
+                            padding=1,
+                        )
+                        if frame.locals
+                        else syntax
+                    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    import sys
+
+    def bar(a: Any) -> None:  # 这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑
+        one = 1
+        print(one / a)
+
+    def foo(a: Any) -> None:
+        _rich_traceback_guard = True
+        zed = {
+            "characters": {
+                "Paul Atreides",
+                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
+                "Thufir Hawat",
+                "Duncan Idaho",
+            },
+            "atomic_types": (None, False, True),
+        }
+        bar(a)
+
+    def error() -> None:
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                foo(0)
+            except:
+                slfkjsldkfj  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        except:
+            console.print_exception(show_locals=True)
+
+    error()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afe8da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from ._loop import loop_first, loop_last
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleStack, StyleType
+from .styled import Styled
+
+
+class Tree(JupyterMixin):
+    """A renderable for a tree structure.
+
+    Args:
+        label (RenderableType): The renderable or str for the tree label.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of this tree. Defaults to "tree".
+        guide_style (StyleType, optional): Style of the guide lines. Defaults to "tree.line".
+        expanded (bool, optional): Also display children. Defaults to True.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight renderable (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        label: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        style: StyleType = "tree",
+        guide_style: StyleType = "tree.line",
+        expanded: bool = True,
+        highlight: bool = False,
+        hide_root: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.label = label
+        self.style = style
+        self.guide_style = guide_style
+        self.children: List[Tree] = []
+        self.expanded = expanded
+        self.highlight = highlight
+        self.hide_root = hide_root
+
+    def add(
+        self,
+        label: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        guide_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        expanded: bool = True,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> "Tree":
+        """Add a child tree.
+
+        Args:
+            label (RenderableType): The renderable or str for the tree label.
+            style (StyleType, optional): Style of this tree. Defaults to "tree".
+            guide_style (StyleType, optional): Style of the guide lines. Defaults to "tree.line".
+            expanded (bool, optional): Also display children. Defaults to True.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Highlight renderable (if str). Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tree: A new child Tree, which may be further modified.
+        """
+        node = Tree(
+            label,
+            style=self.style if style is None else style,
+            guide_style=self.guide_style if guide_style is None else guide_style,
+            expanded=expanded,
+            highlight=self.highlight if highlight is None else highlight,
+        )
+        self.children.append(node)
+        return node
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+
+        stack: List[Iterator[Tuple[bool, Tree]]] = []
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        null_style = Style.null()
+        guide_style = get_style(self.guide_style, default="") or null_style
+        SPACE, CONTINUE, FORK, END = range(4)
+
+        ASCII_GUIDES = ("    ", "|   ", "+-- ", "`-- ")
+        TREE_GUIDES = [
+            ("    ", "│   ", "├── ", "└── "),
+            ("    ", "┃   ", "┣━━ ", "┗━━ "),
+            ("    ", "║   ", "╠══ ", "╚══ "),
+        ]
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        def make_guide(index: int, style: Style) -> Segment:
+            """Make a Segment for a level of the guide lines."""
+            if options.ascii_only:
+                line = ASCII_GUIDES[index]
+            else:
+                guide = 1 if style.bold else (2 if style.underline2 else 0)
+                line = TREE_GUIDES[0 if options.legacy_windows else guide][index]
+            return _Segment(line, style)
+
+        levels: List[Segment] = [make_guide(CONTINUE, guide_style)]
+        push(iter(loop_last([self])))
+
+        guide_style_stack = StyleStack(get_style(self.guide_style))
+        style_stack = StyleStack(get_style(self.style))
+        remove_guide_styles = Style(bold=False, underline2=False)
+
+        depth = 0
+
+        while stack:
+            stack_node = pop()
+            try:
+                last, node = next(stack_node)
+            except StopIteration:
+                levels.pop()
+                if levels:
+                    guide_style = levels[-1].style or null_style
+                    levels[-1] = make_guide(FORK, guide_style)
+                    guide_style_stack.pop()
+                    style_stack.pop()
+                continue
+            push(stack_node)
+            if last:
+                levels[-1] = make_guide(END, levels[-1].style or null_style)
+
+            guide_style = guide_style_stack.current + get_style(node.guide_style)
+            style = style_stack.current + get_style(node.style)
+            prefix = levels[(2 if self.hide_root else 1) :]
+            renderable_lines = console.render_lines(
+                Styled(node.label, style),
+                options.update(
+                    width=options.max_width
+                    - sum(level.cell_length for level in prefix),
+                    highlight=self.highlight,
+                    height=None,
+                ),
+                pad=options.justify is not None,
+            )
+
+            if not (depth == 0 and self.hide_root):
+                for first, line in loop_first(renderable_lines):
+                    if prefix:
+                        yield from _Segment.apply_style(
+                            prefix,
+                            style.background_style,
+                            post_style=remove_guide_styles,
+                        )
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+                    if first and prefix:
+                        prefix[-1] = make_guide(
+                            SPACE if last else CONTINUE, prefix[-1].style or null_style
+                        )
+
+            if node.expanded and node.children:
+                levels[-1] = make_guide(
+                    SPACE if last else CONTINUE, levels[-1].style or null_style
+                )
+                levels.append(
+                    make_guide(END if len(node.children) == 1 else FORK, guide_style)
+                )
+                style_stack.push(get_style(node.style))
+                guide_style_stack.push(get_style(node.guide_style))
+                push(iter(loop_last(node.children)))
+                depth += 1
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        stack: List[Iterator[Tree]] = [iter([self])]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+        minimum = 0
+        maximum = 0
+        measure = Measurement.get
+        level = 0
+        while stack:
+            iter_tree = pop()
+            try:
+                tree = next(iter_tree)
+            except StopIteration:
+                level -= 1
+                continue
+            push(iter_tree)
+            min_measure, max_measure = measure(console, options, tree.label)
+            indent = level * 4
+            minimum = max(min_measure + indent, minimum)
+            maximum = max(max_measure + indent, maximum)
+            if tree.expanded and tree.children:
+                push(iter(tree.children))
+                level += 1
+        return Measurement(minimum, maximum)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+    from pip._vendor.rich.markdown import Markdown
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+    from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+    table = Table(row_styles=["", "dim"])
+
+    table.add_column("Released", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
+    table.add_column("Title", style="magenta")
+    table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right", style="green")
+
+    table.add_row("Dec 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$952,110,690")
+    table.add_row("May 25, 2018", "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "$393,151,347")
+    table.add_row("Dec 15, 2017", "Star Wars Ep. V111: The Last Jedi", "$1,332,539,889")
+    table.add_row("Dec 16, 2016", "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story", "$1,332,439,889")
+
+    code = """\
+class Segment(NamedTuple):
+    text: str = ""
+    style: Optional[Style] = None
+    is_control: bool = False
+"""
+    syntax = Syntax(code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)
+
+    markdown = Markdown(
+        """\
+### example.md
+> Hello, World!
+>
+> Markdown _all_ the things
+"""
+    )
+
+    root = Tree("🌲 [b green]Rich Tree", highlight=True, hide_root=True)
+
+    node = root.add(":file_folder: Renderables", guide_style="red")
+    simple_node = node.add(":file_folder: [bold yellow]Atomic", guide_style="uu green")
+    simple_node.add(Group("📄 Syntax", syntax))
+    simple_node.add(Group("📄 Markdown", Panel(markdown, border_style="green")))
+
+    containers_node = node.add(
+        ":file_folder: [bold magenta]Containers", guide_style="bold magenta"
+    )
+    containers_node.expanded = True
+    panel = Panel.fit("Just a panel", border_style="red")
+    containers_node.add(Group("📄 Panels", panel))
+
+    containers_node.add(Group("📄 [b magenta]Table", table))
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.print(root)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/six.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/six.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e15675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/six.py
@@ -0,0 +1,998 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Benjamin Peterson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+
+__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
+__version__ = "1.16.0"
+
+
+# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = str,
+    integer_types = int,
+    class_types = type,
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
+else:
+    string_types = basestring,
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
+        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
+        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+    else:
+        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
+        class X(object):
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1 << 31
+        try:
+            len(X())
+        except OverflowError:
+            # 32-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+        else:
+            # 64-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
+        del X
+
+if PY34:
+    from importlib.util import spec_from_loader
+else:
+    spec_from_loader = None
+
+
+def _add_doc(func, doc):
+    """Add documentation to a function."""
+    func.__doc__ = doc
+
+
+def _import_module(name):
+    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
+    __import__(name)
+    return sys.modules[name]
+
+
+class _LazyDescr(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
+        result = self._resolve()
+        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
+        try:
+            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
+            # removing this descriptor.
+            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+
+class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
+        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new is None:
+                new = name
+            self.mod = new
+        else:
+            self.mod = old
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        return _import_module(self.mod)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        _module = self._resolve()
+        value = getattr(_module, attr)
+        setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return value
+
+
+class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
+        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
+        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
+        return attrs
+
+    # Subclasses should override this
+    _moved_attributes = []
+
+
+class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
+        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new_mod is None:
+                new_mod = name
+            self.mod = new_mod
+            if new_attr is None:
+                if old_attr is None:
+                    new_attr = name
+                else:
+                    new_attr = old_attr
+            self.attr = new_attr
+        else:
+            self.mod = old_mod
+            if old_attr is None:
+                old_attr = name
+            self.attr = old_attr
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        module = _import_module(self.mod)
+        return getattr(module, self.attr)
+
+
+class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
+
+    """
+    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
+
+    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
+    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
+        self.name = six_module_name
+        self.known_modules = {}
+
+    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
+        for fullname in fullnames:
+            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
+
+    def _get_module(self, fullname):
+        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
+        return None
+
+    def __get_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            return self.known_modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            # in case of a reload
+            return sys.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
+        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
+            mod = mod._resolve()
+        else:
+            mod.__loader__ = self
+        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+        return mod
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Return true, if the named module is a package.
+
+        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
+        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
+        """
+        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
+
+    def get_code(self, fullname):
+        """Return None
+
+        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
+        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
+        return None
+    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
+
+    def create_module(self, spec):
+        return self.load_module(spec.name)
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        pass
+
+_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
+
+
+class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+
+
+_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
+    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
+    MovedAttribute("filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"),
+    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
+    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
+    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
+    MovedAttribute("getoutput", "commands", "subprocess"),
+    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"),
+    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
+    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
+    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"),
+    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
+    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
+    MovedModule("collections_abc", "collections", "collections.abc" if sys.version_info >= (3, 3) else "collections"),
+    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_ndbm", "dbm", "dbm.ndbm"),
+    MovedModule("_dummy_thread", "dummy_thread", "_dummy_thread" if sys.version_info < (3, 9) else "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
+    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
+    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
+    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_image", "email.MIMEImage", "email.mime.image"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
+    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
+    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
+    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
+    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
+    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
+                "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
+                "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
+                "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
+]
+# Add windows specific modules.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    _moved_attributes += [
+        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
+    ]
+
+for attr in _moved_attributes:
+    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
+    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
+        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
+del attr
+
+_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
+
+moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
+_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
+
+
+_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_to_bytes", "urllib", "urllib.parse", "unquote", "unquote_to_bytes"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitvalue", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+                      "moves.urllib_parse", "moves.urllib.parse")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
+
+
+_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+                      "moves.urllib_error", "moves.urllib.error")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
+
+
+_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_http_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_keqv_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+                      "moves.urllib_request", "moves.urllib.request")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
+
+
+_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+                      "moves.urllib_response", "moves.urllib.response")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
+
+
+_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+                      "moves.urllib_robotparser", "moves.urllib.robotparser")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
+
+    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
+    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
+    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
+    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
+    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ['parse', 'error', 'request', 'response', 'robotparser']
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+                      "moves.urllib")
+
+
+def add_move(move):
+    """Add an item to six.moves."""
+    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
+
+
+def remove_move(name):
+    """Remove item from six.moves."""
+    try:
+        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            del moves.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    _meth_func = "__func__"
+    _meth_self = "__self__"
+
+    _func_closure = "__closure__"
+    _func_code = "__code__"
+    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
+    _func_globals = "__globals__"
+else:
+    _meth_func = "im_func"
+    _meth_self = "im_self"
+
+    _func_closure = "func_closure"
+    _func_code = "func_code"
+    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
+    _func_globals = "func_globals"
+
+
+try:
+    advance_iterator = next
+except NameError:
+    def advance_iterator(it):
+        return it.next()
+next = advance_iterator
+
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound
+
+    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return func
+
+    Iterator = object
+else:
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound.im_func
+
+    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
+        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
+
+    class Iterator(object):
+
+        def next(self):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+
+    callable = callable
+_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
+         """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
+
+
+get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
+get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
+get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
+get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
+get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
+get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.values(**kw))
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.items(**kw))
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
+else:
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return d.itervalues(**kw)
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return d.iteritems(**kw)
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterlists(**kw)
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
+
+_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems,
+         "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iterlists,
+         "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary.")
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+    unichr = chr
+    import struct
+    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
+    del struct
+    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
+    indexbytes = operator.getitem
+    iterbytes = iter
+    import io
+    StringIO = io.StringIO
+    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
+    del io
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
+    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+    else:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegex"
+else:
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+    # Workaround for standalone backslash
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s.replace(r'\\', r'\\\\'), "unicode_escape")
+    unichr = unichr
+    int2byte = chr
+
+    def byte2int(bs):
+        return ord(bs[0])
+
+    def indexbytes(buf, i):
+        return ord(buf[i])
+    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
+    import StringIO
+    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
+    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+    _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
+_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
+
+
+def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertNotRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertNotRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        try:
+            if value is None:
+                value = tp()
+            if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+                raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+            raise value
+        finally:
+            value = None
+            tb = None
+
+else:
+    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if _globs_ is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
+            if _locs_ is None:
+                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif _locs_ is None:
+            _locs_ = _globs_
+        exec("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
+
+    exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    try:
+        raise tp, value, tb
+    finally:
+        tb = None
+""")
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] > (3,):
+    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    try:
+        raise value from from_value
+    finally:
+        value = None
+""")
+else:
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
+if print_ is None:
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
+        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
+        if fp is None:
+            return
+
+        def write(data):
+            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+                data = str(data)
+            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
+            if (isinstance(fp, file) and
+                    isinstance(data, unicode) and
+                    fp.encoding is not None):
+                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
+                if errors is None:
+                    errors = "strict"
+                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
+            fp.write(data)
+        want_unicode = False
+        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
+        if sep is not None:
+            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
+                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
+        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
+        if end is not None:
+            if isinstance(end, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(end, str):
+                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
+        if not want_unicode:
+            for arg in args:
+                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
+                    want_unicode = True
+                    break
+        if want_unicode:
+            newline = unicode("\n")
+            space = unicode(" ")
+        else:
+            newline = "\n"
+            space = " "
+        if sep is None:
+            sep = space
+        if end is None:
+            end = newline
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i:
+                write(sep)
+            write(arg)
+        write(end)
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
+    _print = print_
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
+        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
+        _print(*args, **kwargs)
+        if flush and fp is not None:
+            fp.flush()
+
+_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
+
+if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
+    # This does exactly the same what the :func:`py3:functools.update_wrapper`
+    # function does on Python versions after 3.2. It sets the ``__wrapped__``
+    # attribute on ``wrapper`` object and it doesn't raise an error if any of
+    # the attributes mentioned in ``assigned`` and ``updated`` are missing on
+    # ``wrapped`` object.
+    def _update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped,
+                        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+                        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
+        for attr in assigned:
+            try:
+                value = getattr(wrapped, attr)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+            else:
+                setattr(wrapper, attr, value)
+        for attr in updated:
+            getattr(wrapper, attr).update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
+        wrapper.__wrapped__ = wrapped
+        return wrapper
+    _update_wrapper.__doc__ = functools.update_wrapper.__doc__
+
+    def wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+              updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
+        return functools.partial(_update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped,
+                                 assigned=assigned, updated=updated)
+    wraps.__doc__ = functools.wraps.__doc__
+
+else:
+    wraps = functools.wraps
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(type):
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+                # This version introduced PEP 560 that requires a bit
+                # of extra care (we mimic what is done by __build_class__).
+                resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(bases)
+                if resolved_bases is not bases:
+                    d['__orig_bases__'] = bases
+            else:
+                resolved_bases = bases
+            return meta(name, resolved_bases, d)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __prepare__(cls, name, this_bases):
+            return meta.__prepare__(name, bases)
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
+
+
+def add_metaclass(metaclass):
+    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+    def wrapper(cls):
+        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
+        slots = orig_vars.get('__slots__')
+        if slots is not None:
+            if isinstance(slots, str):
+                slots = [slots]
+            for slots_var in slots:
+                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
+        orig_vars.pop('__dict__', None)
+        orig_vars.pop('__weakref__', None)
+        if hasattr(cls, '__qualname__'):
+            orig_vars['__qualname__'] = cls.__qualname__
+        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def ensure_binary(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+    """Coerce **s** to six.binary_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> encoded to `bytes`
+      - `bytes` -> `bytes`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def ensure_str(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+    """Coerce *s* to `str`.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    # Optimization: Fast return for the common case.
+    if type(s) is str:
+        return s
+    if PY2 and isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    elif PY3 and isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif not isinstance(s, (text_type, binary_type)):
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+    return s
+
+
+def ensure_text(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+    """Coerce *s* to six.text_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> `unicode`
+      - `str` -> `unicode`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A class decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if PY2:
+        if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError("@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                             "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." %
+                             klass.__name__)
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+    return klass
+
+
+# Complete the moves implementation.
+# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
+# Turn this module into a package.
+__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
+__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
+if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
+    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
+# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
+# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
+# this for some reason.)
+if sys.meta_path:
+    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
+        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
+        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
+        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
+        # inserted an importer with different class.
+        if (type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter" and
+                importer.name == __name__):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+            break
+    del i, importer
+# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
+sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f1603a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+# Copyright 2016-2018 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2017 Elisey Zanko
+# Copyright 2016 Étienne Bersac
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import functools
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import typing as t
+import warnings
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from concurrent import futures
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+
+# Import all built-in retry strategies for easier usage.
+from .retry import retry_base  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_all  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_always  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_any  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception_cause_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_not_exception_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_not_result  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_result  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_never  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_unless_exception_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception_message  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_not_exception_message  # noqa
+
+# Import all nap strategies for easier usage.
+from .nap import sleep  # noqa
+from .nap import sleep_using_event  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in stop strategies for easier usage.
+from .stop import stop_after_attempt  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_after_delay  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_all  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_any  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_never  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_when_event_set  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in wait strategies for easier usage.
+from .wait import wait_chain  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_combine  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_exponential  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_fixed  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_incrementing  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_none  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_random  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_random_exponential  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_random_exponential as wait_full_jitter  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_exponential_jitter  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in before strategies for easier usage.
+from .before import before_log  # noqa
+from .before import before_nothing  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in after strategies for easier usage.
+from .after import after_log  # noqa
+from .after import after_nothing  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in after strategies for easier usage.
+from .before_sleep import before_sleep_log  # noqa
+from .before_sleep import before_sleep_nothing  # noqa
+
+# Replace a conditional import with a hard-coded None so that pip does
+# not attempt to use tornado even if it is present in the environment.
+# If tornado is non-None, tenacity will attempt to execute some code
+# that is sensitive to the version of tornado, which could break pip
+# if an old version is found.
+tornado = None  # type: ignore
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import types
+
+    from .retry import RetryBaseT
+    from .stop import StopBaseT
+    from .wait import WaitBaseT
+
+
+WrappedFnReturnT = t.TypeVar("WrappedFnReturnT")
+WrappedFn = t.TypeVar("WrappedFn", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+class TryAgain(Exception):
+    """Always retry the executed function when raised."""
+
+
+NO_RESULT = object()
+
+
+class DoAttempt:
+    pass
+
+
+class DoSleep(float):
+    pass
+
+
+class BaseAction:
+    """Base class for representing actions to take by retry object.
+
+    Concrete implementations must define:
+    - __init__: to initialize all necessary fields
+    - REPR_FIELDS: class variable specifying attributes to include in repr(self)
+    - NAME: for identification in retry object methods and callbacks
+    """
+
+    REPR_FIELDS: t.Sequence[str] = ()
+    NAME: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        state_str = ", ".join(f"{field}={getattr(self, field)!r}" for field in self.REPR_FIELDS)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({state_str})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self)
+
+
+class RetryAction(BaseAction):
+    REPR_FIELDS = ("sleep",)
+    NAME = "retry"
+
+    def __init__(self, sleep: t.SupportsFloat) -> None:
+        self.sleep = float(sleep)
+
+
+_unset = object()
+
+
+def _first_set(first: t.Union[t.Any, object], second: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    return second if first is _unset else first
+
+
+class RetryError(Exception):
+    """Encapsulates the last attempt instance right before giving up."""
+
+    def __init__(self, last_attempt: "Future") -> None:
+        self.last_attempt = last_attempt
+        super().__init__(last_attempt)
+
+    def reraise(self) -> "t.NoReturn":
+        if self.last_attempt.failed:
+            raise self.last_attempt.result()
+        raise self
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}[{self.last_attempt}]"
+
+
+class AttemptManager:
+    """Manage attempt context."""
+
+    def __init__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState"):
+        self.retry_state = retry_state
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        traceback: t.Optional["types.TracebackType"],
+    ) -> t.Optional[bool]:
+        if exc_type is not None and exc_value is not None:
+            self.retry_state.set_exception((exc_type, exc_value, traceback))
+            return True  # Swallow exception.
+        else:
+            # We don't have the result, actually.
+            self.retry_state.set_result(None)
+            return None
+
+
+class BaseRetrying(ABC):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sleep: t.Callable[[t.Union[int, float]], None] = sleep,
+        stop: "StopBaseT" = stop_never,
+        wait: "WaitBaseT" = wait_none(),
+        retry: "RetryBaseT" = retry_if_exception_type(),
+        before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = before_nothing,
+        after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = after_nothing,
+        before_sleep: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]] = None,
+        reraise: bool = False,
+        retry_error_cls: t.Type[RetryError] = RetryError,
+        retry_error_callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        self.sleep = sleep
+        self.stop = stop
+        self.wait = wait
+        self.retry = retry
+        self.before = before
+        self.after = after
+        self.before_sleep = before_sleep
+        self.reraise = reraise
+        self._local = threading.local()
+        self.retry_error_cls = retry_error_cls
+        self.retry_error_callback = retry_error_callback
+
+    def copy(
+        self,
+        sleep: t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Union[int, float]], None], object] = _unset,
+        stop: t.Union["StopBaseT", object] = _unset,
+        wait: t.Union["WaitBaseT", object] = _unset,
+        retry: t.Union[retry_base, object] = _unset,
+        before: t.Union[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None], object] = _unset,
+        after: t.Union[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None], object] = _unset,
+        before_sleep: t.Union[t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]], object] = _unset,
+        reraise: t.Union[bool, object] = _unset,
+        retry_error_cls: t.Union[t.Type[RetryError], object] = _unset,
+        retry_error_callback: t.Union[t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]], object] = _unset,
+    ) -> "BaseRetrying":
+        """Copy this object with some parameters changed if needed."""
+        return self.__class__(
+            sleep=_first_set(sleep, self.sleep),
+            stop=_first_set(stop, self.stop),
+            wait=_first_set(wait, self.wait),
+            retry=_first_set(retry, self.retry),
+            before=_first_set(before, self.before),
+            after=_first_set(after, self.after),
+            before_sleep=_first_set(before_sleep, self.before_sleep),
+            reraise=_first_set(reraise, self.reraise),
+            retry_error_cls=_first_set(retry_error_cls, self.retry_error_cls),
+            retry_error_callback=_first_set(retry_error_callback, self.retry_error_callback),
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} object at 0x{id(self):x} ("
+            f"stop={self.stop}, "
+            f"wait={self.wait}, "
+            f"sleep={self.sleep}, "
+            f"retry={self.retry}, "
+            f"before={self.before}, "
+            f"after={self.after})>"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def statistics(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Return a dictionary of runtime statistics.
+
+        This dictionary will be empty when the controller has never been
+        ran. When it is running or has ran previously it should have (but
+        may not) have useful and/or informational keys and values when
+        running is underway and/or completed.
+
+        .. warning:: The keys in this dictionary **should** be some what
+                     stable (not changing), but there existence **may**
+                     change between major releases as new statistics are
+                     gathered or removed so before accessing keys ensure that
+                     they actually exist and handle when they do not.
+
+        .. note:: The values in this dictionary are local to the thread
+                  running call (so if multiple threads share the same retrying
+                  object - either directly or indirectly) they will each have
+                  there own view of statistics they have collected (in the
+                  future we may provide a way to aggregate the various
+                  statistics from each thread).
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._local.statistics  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._local.statistics = t.cast(t.Dict[str, t.Any], {})
+            return self._local.statistics
+
+    def wraps(self, f: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+        """Wrap a function for retrying.
+
+        :param f: A function to wraps for retrying.
+        """
+
+        @functools.wraps(f)
+        def wrapped_f(*args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            return self(f, *args, **kw)
+
+        def retry_with(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> WrappedFn:
+            return self.copy(*args, **kwargs).wraps(f)
+
+        wrapped_f.retry = self  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        wrapped_f.retry_with = retry_with  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return wrapped_f  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def begin(self) -> None:
+        self.statistics.clear()
+        self.statistics["start_time"] = time.monotonic()
+        self.statistics["attempt_number"] = 1
+        self.statistics["idle_for"] = 0
+
+    def iter(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> t.Union[DoAttempt, DoSleep, t.Any]:  # noqa
+        fut = retry_state.outcome
+        if fut is None:
+            if self.before is not None:
+                self.before(retry_state)
+            return DoAttempt()
+
+        is_explicit_retry = fut.failed and isinstance(fut.exception(), TryAgain)
+        if not (is_explicit_retry or self.retry(retry_state)):
+            return fut.result()
+
+        if self.after is not None:
+            self.after(retry_state)
+
+        self.statistics["delay_since_first_attempt"] = retry_state.seconds_since_start
+        if self.stop(retry_state):
+            if self.retry_error_callback:
+                return self.retry_error_callback(retry_state)
+            retry_exc = self.retry_error_cls(fut)
+            if self.reraise:
+                raise retry_exc.reraise()
+            raise retry_exc from fut.exception()
+
+        if self.wait:
+            sleep = self.wait(retry_state)
+        else:
+            sleep = 0.0
+        retry_state.next_action = RetryAction(sleep)
+        retry_state.idle_for += sleep
+        self.statistics["idle_for"] += sleep
+        self.statistics["attempt_number"] += 1
+
+        if self.before_sleep is not None:
+            self.before_sleep(retry_state)
+
+        return DoSleep(sleep)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Generator[AttemptManager, None, None]:
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(self, fn=None, args=(), kwargs={})
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                yield AttemptManager(retry_state=retry_state)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        fn: t.Callable[..., WrappedFnReturnT],
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> WrappedFnReturnT:
+        pass
+
+
+class Retrying(BaseRetrying):
+    """Retrying controller."""
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        fn: t.Callable[..., WrappedFnReturnT],
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> WrappedFnReturnT:
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(retry_object=self, fn=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                try:
+                    result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
+                except BaseException:  # noqa: B902
+                    retry_state.set_exception(sys.exc_info())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    retry_state.set_result(result)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                return do  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+if sys.version_info[1] >= 9:
+    FutureGenericT = futures.Future[t.Any]
+else:
+    FutureGenericT = futures.Future
+
+
+class Future(FutureGenericT):
+    """Encapsulates a (future or past) attempted call to a target function."""
+
+    def __init__(self, attempt_number: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.attempt_number = attempt_number
+
+    @property
+    def failed(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether a exception is being held in this future."""
+        return self.exception() is not None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def construct(cls, attempt_number: int, value: t.Any, has_exception: bool) -> "Future":
+        """Construct a new Future object."""
+        fut = cls(attempt_number)
+        if has_exception:
+            fut.set_exception(value)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(value)
+        return fut
+
+
+class RetryCallState:
+    """State related to a single call wrapped with Retrying."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        retry_object: BaseRetrying,
+        fn: t.Optional[WrappedFn],
+        args: t.Any,
+        kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: Retry call start timestamp
+        self.start_time = time.monotonic()
+        #: Retry manager object
+        self.retry_object = retry_object
+        #: Function wrapped by this retry call
+        self.fn = fn
+        #: Arguments of the function wrapped by this retry call
+        self.args = args
+        #: Keyword arguments of the function wrapped by this retry call
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+        #: The number of the current attempt
+        self.attempt_number: int = 1
+        #: Last outcome (result or exception) produced by the function
+        self.outcome: t.Optional[Future] = None
+        #: Timestamp of the last outcome
+        self.outcome_timestamp: t.Optional[float] = None
+        #: Time spent sleeping in retries
+        self.idle_for: float = 0.0
+        #: Next action as decided by the retry manager
+        self.next_action: t.Optional[RetryAction] = None
+
+    @property
+    def seconds_since_start(self) -> t.Optional[float]:
+        if self.outcome_timestamp is None:
+            return None
+        return self.outcome_timestamp - self.start_time
+
+    def prepare_for_next_attempt(self) -> None:
+        self.outcome = None
+        self.outcome_timestamp = None
+        self.attempt_number += 1
+        self.next_action = None
+
+    def set_result(self, val: t.Any) -> None:
+        ts = time.monotonic()
+        fut = Future(self.attempt_number)
+        fut.set_result(val)
+        self.outcome, self.outcome_timestamp = fut, ts
+
+    def set_exception(
+        self, exc_info: t.Tuple[t.Type[BaseException], BaseException, "types.TracebackType| None"]
+    ) -> None:
+        ts = time.monotonic()
+        fut = Future(self.attempt_number)
+        fut.set_exception(exc_info[1])
+        self.outcome, self.outcome_timestamp = fut, ts
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.outcome is None:
+            result = "none yet"
+        elif self.outcome.failed:
+            exception = self.outcome.exception()
+            result = f"failed ({exception.__class__.__name__} {exception})"
+        else:
+            result = f"returned {self.outcome.result()}"
+
+        slept = float(round(self.idle_for, 2))
+        clsname = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"<{clsname} {id(self)}: attempt #{self.attempt_number}; slept for {slept}; last result: {result}>"
+
+
+@t.overload
+def retry(func: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+    ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def retry(
+    sleep: t.Callable[[t.Union[int, float]], None] = sleep,
+    stop: "StopBaseT" = stop_never,
+    wait: "WaitBaseT" = wait_none(),
+    retry: "RetryBaseT" = retry_if_exception_type(),
+    before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = before_nothing,
+    after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = after_nothing,
+    before_sleep: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]] = None,
+    reraise: bool = False,
+    retry_error_cls: t.Type["RetryError"] = RetryError,
+    retry_error_callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]] = None,
+) -> t.Callable[[WrappedFn], WrappedFn]:
+    ...
+
+
+def retry(*dargs: t.Any, **dkw: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    """Wrap a function with a new `Retrying` object.
+
+    :param dargs: positional arguments passed to Retrying object
+    :param dkw: keyword arguments passed to the Retrying object
+    """
+    # support both @retry and @retry() as valid syntax
+    if len(dargs) == 1 and callable(dargs[0]):
+        return retry()(dargs[0])
+    else:
+
+        def wrap(f: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+            if isinstance(f, retry_base):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"Got retry_base instance ({f.__class__.__name__}) as callable argument, "
+                    f"this will probably hang indefinitely (did you mean retry={f.__class__.__name__}(...)?)"
+                )
+            r: "BaseRetrying"
+            if iscoroutinefunction(f):
+                r = AsyncRetrying(*dargs, **dkw)
+            elif tornado and hasattr(tornado.gen, "is_coroutine_function") and tornado.gen.is_coroutine_function(f):
+                r = TornadoRetrying(*dargs, **dkw)
+            else:
+                r = Retrying(*dargs, **dkw)
+
+            return r.wraps(f)
+
+        return wrap
+
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity._asyncio import AsyncRetrying  # noqa:E402,I100
+
+if tornado:
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity.tornadoweb import TornadoRetrying
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "retry_base",
+    "retry_all",
+    "retry_always",
+    "retry_any",
+    "retry_if_exception",
+    "retry_if_exception_type",
+    "retry_if_exception_cause_type",
+    "retry_if_not_exception_type",
+    "retry_if_not_result",
+    "retry_if_result",
+    "retry_never",
+    "retry_unless_exception_type",
+    "retry_if_exception_message",
+    "retry_if_not_exception_message",
+    "sleep",
+    "sleep_using_event",
+    "stop_after_attempt",
+    "stop_after_delay",
+    "stop_all",
+    "stop_any",
+    "stop_never",
+    "stop_when_event_set",
+    "wait_chain",
+    "wait_combine",
+    "wait_exponential",
+    "wait_fixed",
+    "wait_incrementing",
+    "wait_none",
+    "wait_random",
+    "wait_random_exponential",
+    "wait_full_jitter",
+    "wait_exponential_jitter",
+    "before_log",
+    "before_nothing",
+    "after_log",
+    "after_nothing",
+    "before_sleep_log",
+    "before_sleep_nothing",
+    "retry",
+    "WrappedFn",
+    "TryAgain",
+    "NO_RESULT",
+    "DoAttempt",
+    "DoSleep",
+    "BaseAction",
+    "RetryAction",
+    "RetryError",
+    "AttemptManager",
+    "BaseRetrying",
+    "Retrying",
+    "Future",
+    "RetryCallState",
+    "AsyncRetrying",
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_asyncio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e50cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Étienne Bersac
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import functools
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from asyncio import sleep
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import AttemptManager
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import BaseRetrying
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoAttempt
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoSleep
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+WrappedFnReturnT = t.TypeVar("WrappedFnReturnT")
+WrappedFn = t.TypeVar("WrappedFn", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Awaitable[t.Any]])
+
+
+class AsyncRetrying(BaseRetrying):
+    sleep: t.Callable[[float], t.Awaitable[t.Any]]
+
+    def __init__(self, sleep: t.Callable[[float], t.Awaitable[t.Any]] = sleep, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.sleep = sleep
+
+    async def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, fn: WrappedFn, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> WrappedFnReturnT:
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(retry_object=self, fn=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                try:
+                    result = await fn(*args, **kwargs)
+                except BaseException:  # noqa: B902
+                    retry_state.set_exception(sys.exc_info())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    retry_state.set_result(result)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                await self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                return do  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Generator[AttemptManager, None, None]:
+        raise TypeError("AsyncRetrying object is not iterable")
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> "AsyncRetrying":
+        self.begin()
+        self._retry_state = RetryCallState(self, fn=None, args=(), kwargs={})
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> AttemptManager:
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=self._retry_state)
+            if do is None:
+                raise StopAsyncIteration
+            elif isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                return AttemptManager(retry_state=self._retry_state)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                self._retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                await self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+    def wraps(self, fn: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+        fn = super().wraps(fn)
+        # Ensure wrapper is recognized as a coroutine function.
+
+        @functools.wraps(fn)
+        async def async_wrapped(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            return await fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Preserve attributes
+        async_wrapped.retry = fn.retry  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        async_wrapped.retry_with = fn.retry_with  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return async_wrapped  # type: ignore[return-value]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f14ff32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import sys
+import typing
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+
+# sys.maxsize:
+# An integer giving the maximum value a variable of type Py_ssize_t can take.
+MAX_WAIT = sys.maxsize / 2
+
+
+def find_ordinal(pos_num: int) -> str:
+    # See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_numerals#Ordinal_numbers
+    if pos_num == 0:
+        return "th"
+    elif pos_num == 1:
+        return "st"
+    elif pos_num == 2:
+        return "nd"
+    elif pos_num == 3:
+        return "rd"
+    elif 4 <= pos_num <= 20:
+        return "th"
+    else:
+        return find_ordinal(pos_num % 10)
+
+
+def to_ordinal(pos_num: int) -> str:
+    return f"{pos_num}{find_ordinal(pos_num)}"
+
+
+def get_callback_name(cb: typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]) -> str:
+    """Get a callback fully-qualified name.
+
+    If no name can be produced ``repr(cb)`` is called and returned.
+    """
+    segments = []
+    try:
+        segments.append(cb.__qualname__)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            segments.append(cb.__name__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+    if not segments:
+        return repr(cb)
+    else:
+        try:
+            # When running under sphinx it appears this can be none?
+            if cb.__module__:
+                segments.insert(0, cb.__module__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return ".".join(segments)
+
+
+time_unit_type = typing.Union[int, float, timedelta]
+
+
+def to_seconds(time_unit: time_unit_type) -> float:
+    return float(time_unit.total_seconds() if isinstance(time_unit, timedelta) else time_unit)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/after.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/after.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..574c9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/after.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+def after_nothing(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+    """After call strategy that does nothing."""
+
+
+def after_log(
+    logger: "logging.Logger",
+    log_level: int,
+    sec_format: str = "%0.3f",
+) -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
+    """After call strategy that logs to some logger the finished attempt."""
+
+    def log_it(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+        if retry_state.fn is None:
+            # NOTE(sileht): can't really happen, but we must please mypy
+            fn_name = "<unknown>"
+        else:
+            fn_name = _utils.get_callback_name(retry_state.fn)
+        logger.log(
+            log_level,
+            f"Finished call to '{fn_name}' "
+            f"after {sec_format % retry_state.seconds_since_start}(s), "
+            f"this was the {_utils.to_ordinal(retry_state.attempt_number)} time calling it.",
+        )
+
+    return log_it
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfd7dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+def before_nothing(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+    """Before call strategy that does nothing."""
+
+
+def before_log(logger: "logging.Logger", log_level: int) -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
+    """Before call strategy that logs to some logger the attempt."""
+
+    def log_it(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+        if retry_state.fn is None:
+            # NOTE(sileht): can't really happen, but we must please mypy
+            fn_name = "<unknown>"
+        else:
+            fn_name = _utils.get_callback_name(retry_state.fn)
+        logger.log(
+            log_level,
+            f"Starting call to '{fn_name}', "
+            f"this is the {_utils.to_ordinal(retry_state.attempt_number)} time calling it.",
+        )
+
+    return log_it
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before_sleep.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before_sleep.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c6167f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before_sleep.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+def before_sleep_nothing(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+    """Before call strategy that does nothing."""
+
+
+def before_sleep_log(
+    logger: "logging.Logger",
+    log_level: int,
+    exc_info: bool = False,
+) -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
+    """Before call strategy that logs to some logger the attempt."""
+
+    def log_it(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+        local_exc_info: BaseException | bool | None
+
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("log_it() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if retry_state.next_action is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("log_it() called before next_action was set")
+
+        if retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            ex = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            verb, value = "raised", f"{ex.__class__.__name__}: {ex}"
+
+            if exc_info:
+                local_exc_info = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            else:
+                local_exc_info = False
+        else:
+            verb, value = "returned", retry_state.outcome.result()
+            local_exc_info = False  # exc_info does not apply when no exception
+
+        if retry_state.fn is None:
+            # NOTE(sileht): can't really happen, but we must please mypy
+            fn_name = "<unknown>"
+        else:
+            fn_name = _utils.get_callback_name(retry_state.fn)
+
+        logger.log(
+            log_level,
+            f"Retrying {fn_name} " f"in {retry_state.next_action.sleep} seconds as it {verb} {value}.",
+            exc_info=local_exc_info,
+        )
+
+    return log_it
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/nap.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/nap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72aa5bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/nap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Étienne Bersac
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import time
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
+
+def sleep(seconds: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Sleep strategy that delays execution for a given number of seconds.
+
+    This is the default strategy, and may be mocked out for unit testing.
+    """
+    time.sleep(seconds)
+
+
+class sleep_using_event:
+    """Sleep strategy that waits on an event to be set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, event: "threading.Event") -> None:
+        self.event = event
+
+    def __call__(self, timeout: typing.Optional[float]) -> None:
+        # NOTE(harlowja): this may *not* actually wait for timeout
+        # seconds if the event is set (ie this may eject out early).
+        self.event.wait(timeout=timeout)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/retry.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3898873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+# Copyright 2016–2021 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import re
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+class retry_base(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for retry strategies."""
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        pass
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "retry_base") -> "retry_all":
+        return retry_all(self, other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other: "retry_base") -> "retry_any":
+        return retry_any(self, other)
+
+
+RetryBaseT = typing.Union[retry_base, typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], bool]]
+
+
+class _retry_never(retry_base):
+    """Retry strategy that never rejects any result."""
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+retry_never = _retry_never()
+
+
+class _retry_always(retry_base):
+    """Retry strategy that always rejects any result."""
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return True
+
+
+retry_always = _retry_always()
+
+
+class retry_if_exception(retry_base):
+    """Retry strategy that retries if an exception verifies a predicate."""
+
+    def __init__(self, predicate: typing.Callable[[BaseException], bool]) -> None:
+        self.predicate = predicate
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            exception = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            if exception is None:
+                raise RuntimeError("outcome failed but the exception is None")
+            return self.predicate(exception)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+class retry_if_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries if an exception has been raised of one or more types."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_types = exception_types
+        super().__init__(lambda e: isinstance(e, exception_types))
+
+
+class retry_if_not_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries except an exception has been raised of one or more types."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_types = exception_types
+        super().__init__(lambda e: not isinstance(e, exception_types))
+
+
+class retry_unless_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries until an exception is raised of one or more types."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_types = exception_types
+        super().__init__(lambda e: not isinstance(e, exception_types))
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        # always retry if no exception was raised
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return True
+
+        exception = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+        if exception is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("outcome failed but the exception is None")
+        return self.predicate(exception)
+
+
+class retry_if_exception_cause_type(retry_base):
+    """Retries if any of the causes of the raised exception is of one or more types.
+
+    The check on the type of the cause of the exception is done recursively (until finding
+    an exception in the chain that has no `__cause__`)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_cause_types = exception_types
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__ called before outcome was set")
+
+        if retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            exc = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            while exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(exc.__cause__, self.exception_cause_types):
+                    return True
+                exc = exc.__cause__
+
+        return False
+
+
+class retry_if_result(retry_base):
+    """Retries if the result verifies a predicate."""
+
+    def __init__(self, predicate: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], bool]) -> None:
+        self.predicate = predicate
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return self.predicate(retry_state.outcome.result())
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+class retry_if_not_result(retry_base):
+    """Retries if the result refutes a predicate."""
+
+    def __init__(self, predicate: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], bool]) -> None:
+        self.predicate = predicate
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return not self.predicate(retry_state.outcome.result())
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+class retry_if_exception_message(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries if an exception message equals or matches."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        match: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message and match:
+            raise TypeError(f"{self.__class__.__name__}() takes either 'message' or 'match', not both")
+
+        # set predicate
+        if message:
+
+            def message_fnc(exception: BaseException) -> bool:
+                return message == str(exception)
+
+            predicate = message_fnc
+        elif match:
+            prog = re.compile(match)
+
+            def match_fnc(exception: BaseException) -> bool:
+                return bool(prog.match(str(exception)))
+
+            predicate = match_fnc
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"{self.__class__.__name__}() missing 1 required argument 'message' or 'match'")
+
+        super().__init__(predicate)
+
+
+class retry_if_not_exception_message(retry_if_exception_message):
+    """Retries until an exception message equals or matches."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        match: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, match)
+        # invert predicate
+        if_predicate = self.predicate
+        self.predicate = lambda *args_, **kwargs_: not if_predicate(*args_, **kwargs_)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return True
+
+        exception = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+        if exception is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("outcome failed but the exception is None")
+        return self.predicate(exception)
+
+
+class retry_any(retry_base):
+    """Retries if any of the retries condition is valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *retries: retry_base) -> None:
+        self.retries = retries
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return any(r(retry_state) for r in self.retries)
+
+
+class retry_all(retry_base):
+    """Retries if all the retries condition are valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *retries: retry_base) -> None:
+        self.retries = retries
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return all(r(retry_state) for r in self.retries)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/stop.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/stop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb23eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/stop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Copyright 2016–2021 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import abc
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+class stop_base(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for stop strategies."""
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        pass
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "stop_base") -> "stop_all":
+        return stop_all(self, other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other: "stop_base") -> "stop_any":
+        return stop_any(self, other)
+
+
+StopBaseT = typing.Union[stop_base, typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], bool]]
+
+
+class stop_any(stop_base):
+    """Stop if any of the stop condition is valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *stops: stop_base) -> None:
+        self.stops = stops
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return any(x(retry_state) for x in self.stops)
+
+
+class stop_all(stop_base):
+    """Stop if all the stop conditions are valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *stops: stop_base) -> None:
+        self.stops = stops
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return all(x(retry_state) for x in self.stops)
+
+
+class _stop_never(stop_base):
+    """Never stop."""
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+stop_never = _stop_never()
+
+
+class stop_when_event_set(stop_base):
+    """Stop when the given event is set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, event: "threading.Event") -> None:
+        self.event = event
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return self.event.is_set()
+
+
+class stop_after_attempt(stop_base):
+    """Stop when the previous attempt >= max_attempt."""
+
+    def __init__(self, max_attempt_number: int) -> None:
+        self.max_attempt_number = max_attempt_number
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return retry_state.attempt_number >= self.max_attempt_number
+
+
+class stop_after_delay(stop_base):
+    """Stop when the time from the first attempt >= limit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, max_delay: _utils.time_unit_type) -> None:
+        self.max_delay = _utils.to_seconds(max_delay)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.seconds_since_start is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called but seconds_since_start is not set")
+        return retry_state.seconds_since_start >= self.max_delay
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/tornadoweb.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/tornadoweb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e19c30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/tornadoweb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Copyright 2017 Elisey Zanko
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import BaseRetrying
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoAttempt
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoSleep
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+from tornado import gen
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tornado.concurrent import Future
+
+_RetValT = typing.TypeVar("_RetValT")
+
+
+class TornadoRetrying(BaseRetrying):
+    def __init__(self, sleep: "typing.Callable[[float], Future[None]]" = gen.sleep, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.sleep = sleep
+
+    @gen.coroutine  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        fn: "typing.Callable[..., typing.Union[typing.Generator[typing.Any, typing.Any, _RetValT], Future[_RetValT]]]",
+        *args: typing.Any,
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> "typing.Generator[typing.Any, typing.Any, _RetValT]":
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(retry_object=self, fn=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                try:
+                    result = yield fn(*args, **kwargs)
+                except BaseException:  # noqa: B902
+                    retry_state.set_exception(sys.exc_info())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    retry_state.set_result(result)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                yield self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                raise gen.Return(do)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/wait.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/wait.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9349c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/wait.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# Copyright 2016–2021 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import random
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+class wait_base(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for wait strategies."""
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        pass
+
+    def __add__(self, other: "wait_base") -> "wait_combine":
+        return wait_combine(self, other)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: "wait_base") -> typing.Union["wait_combine", "wait_base"]:
+        # make it possible to use multiple waits with the built-in sum function
+        if other == 0:  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+            return self
+        return self.__add__(other)
+
+
+WaitBaseT = typing.Union[wait_base, typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], typing.Union[float, int]]]
+
+
+class wait_fixed(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that waits a fixed amount of time between each retry."""
+
+    def __init__(self, wait: _utils.time_unit_type) -> None:
+        self.wait_fixed = _utils.to_seconds(wait)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        return self.wait_fixed
+
+
+class wait_none(wait_fixed):
+    """Wait strategy that doesn't wait at all before retrying."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(0)
+
+
+class wait_random(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that waits a random amount of time between min/max."""
+
+    def __init__(self, min: _utils.time_unit_type = 0, max: _utils.time_unit_type = 1) -> None:  # noqa
+        self.wait_random_min = _utils.to_seconds(min)
+        self.wait_random_max = _utils.to_seconds(max)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        return self.wait_random_min + (random.random() * (self.wait_random_max - self.wait_random_min))
+
+
+class wait_combine(wait_base):
+    """Combine several waiting strategies."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *strategies: wait_base) -> None:
+        self.wait_funcs = strategies
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        return sum(x(retry_state=retry_state) for x in self.wait_funcs)
+
+
+class wait_chain(wait_base):
+    """Chain two or more waiting strategies.
+
+    If all strategies are exhausted, the very last strategy is used
+    thereafter.
+
+    For example::
+
+        @retry(wait=wait_chain(*[wait_fixed(1) for i in range(3)] +
+                               [wait_fixed(2) for j in range(5)] +
+                               [wait_fixed(5) for k in range(4)))
+        def wait_chained():
+            print("Wait 1s for 3 attempts, 2s for 5 attempts and 5s
+                   thereafter.")
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *strategies: wait_base) -> None:
+        self.strategies = strategies
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        wait_func_no = min(max(retry_state.attempt_number, 1), len(self.strategies))
+        wait_func = self.strategies[wait_func_no - 1]
+        return wait_func(retry_state=retry_state)
+
+
+class wait_incrementing(wait_base):
+    """Wait an incremental amount of time after each attempt.
+
+    Starting at a starting value and incrementing by a value for each attempt
+    (and restricting the upper limit to some maximum value).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        start: _utils.time_unit_type = 0,
+        increment: _utils.time_unit_type = 100,
+        max: _utils.time_unit_type = _utils.MAX_WAIT,  # noqa
+    ) -> None:
+        self.start = _utils.to_seconds(start)
+        self.increment = _utils.to_seconds(increment)
+        self.max = _utils.to_seconds(max)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        result = self.start + (self.increment * (retry_state.attempt_number - 1))
+        return max(0, min(result, self.max))
+
+
+class wait_exponential(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that applies exponential backoff.
+
+    It allows for a customized multiplier and an ability to restrict the
+    upper and lower limits to some maximum and minimum value.
+
+    The intervals are fixed (i.e. there is no jitter), so this strategy is
+    suitable for balancing retries against latency when a required resource is
+    unavailable for an unknown duration, but *not* suitable for resolving
+    contention between multiple processes for a shared resource. Use
+    wait_random_exponential for the latter case.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        multiplier: typing.Union[int, float] = 1,
+        max: _utils.time_unit_type = _utils.MAX_WAIT,  # noqa
+        exp_base: typing.Union[int, float] = 2,
+        min: _utils.time_unit_type = 0,  # noqa
+    ) -> None:
+        self.multiplier = multiplier
+        self.min = _utils.to_seconds(min)
+        self.max = _utils.to_seconds(max)
+        self.exp_base = exp_base
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        try:
+            exp = self.exp_base ** (retry_state.attempt_number - 1)
+            result = self.multiplier * exp
+        except OverflowError:
+            return self.max
+        return max(max(0, self.min), min(result, self.max))
+
+
+class wait_random_exponential(wait_exponential):
+    """Random wait with exponentially widening window.
+
+    An exponential backoff strategy used to mediate contention between multiple
+    uncoordinated processes for a shared resource in distributed systems. This
+    is the sense in which "exponential backoff" is meant in e.g. Ethernet
+    networking, and corresponds to the "Full Jitter" algorithm described in
+    this blog post:
+
+    https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/architecture/exponential-backoff-and-jitter/
+
+    Each retry occurs at a random time in a geometrically expanding interval.
+    It allows for a custom multiplier and an ability to restrict the upper
+    limit of the random interval to some maximum value.
+
+    Example::
+
+        wait_random_exponential(multiplier=0.5,  # initial window 0.5s
+                                max=60)          # max 60s timeout
+
+    When waiting for an unavailable resource to become available again, as
+    opposed to trying to resolve contention for a shared resource, the
+    wait_exponential strategy (which uses a fixed interval) may be preferable.
+
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        high = super().__call__(retry_state=retry_state)
+        return random.uniform(0, high)
+
+
+class wait_exponential_jitter(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that applies exponential backoff and jitter.
+
+    It allows for a customized initial wait, maximum wait and jitter.
+
+    This implements the strategy described here:
+    https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/retry-strategy
+
+    The wait time is min(initial * 2**n + random.uniform(0, jitter), maximum)
+    where n is the retry count.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial: float = 1,
+        max: float = _utils.MAX_WAIT,  # noqa
+        exp_base: float = 2,
+        jitter: float = 1,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.initial = initial
+        self.max = max
+        self.exp_base = exp_base
+        self.jitter = jitter
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        jitter = random.uniform(0, self.jitter)
+        try:
+            exp = self.exp_base ** (retry_state.attempt_number - 1)
+            result = self.initial * exp + jitter
+        except OverflowError:
+            result = self.max
+        return max(0, min(result, self.max))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c6ec97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+__all__ = ("loads", "load", "TOMLDecodeError")
+__version__ = "2.0.1"  # DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE MANUALLY. LET bump2version UTILITY DO IT
+
+from ._parser import TOMLDecodeError, load, loads
+
+# Pretend this exception was created here.
+TOMLDecodeError.__module__ = __name__
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1bb0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+import string
+from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, NamedTuple
+
+from ._re import (
+    RE_DATETIME,
+    RE_LOCALTIME,
+    RE_NUMBER,
+    match_to_datetime,
+    match_to_localtime,
+    match_to_number,
+)
+from ._types import Key, ParseFloat, Pos
+
+ASCII_CTRL = frozenset(chr(i) for i in range(32)) | frozenset(chr(127))
+
+# Neither of these sets include quotation mark or backslash. They are
+# currently handled as separate cases in the parser functions.
+ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS = ASCII_CTRL - frozenset("\t")
+ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS = ASCII_CTRL - frozenset("\t\n")
+
+ILLEGAL_LITERAL_STR_CHARS = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_LITERAL_STR_CHARS = ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+
+ILLEGAL_COMMENT_CHARS = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+
+TOML_WS = frozenset(" \t")
+TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE = TOML_WS | frozenset("\n")
+BARE_KEY_CHARS = frozenset(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "-_")
+KEY_INITIAL_CHARS = BARE_KEY_CHARS | frozenset("\"'")
+HEXDIGIT_CHARS = frozenset(string.hexdigits)
+
+BASIC_STR_ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = MappingProxyType(
+    {
+        "\\b": "\u0008",  # backspace
+        "\\t": "\u0009",  # tab
+        "\\n": "\u000A",  # linefeed
+        "\\f": "\u000C",  # form feed
+        "\\r": "\u000D",  # carriage return
+        '\\"': "\u0022",  # quote
+        "\\\\": "\u005C",  # backslash
+    }
+)
+
+
+class TOMLDecodeError(ValueError):
+    """An error raised if a document is not valid TOML."""
+
+
+def load(__fp: BinaryIO, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Parse TOML from a binary file object."""
+    b = __fp.read()
+    try:
+        s = b.decode()
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "File must be opened in binary mode, e.g. use `open('foo.toml', 'rb')`"
+        ) from None
+    return loads(s, parse_float=parse_float)
+
+
+def loads(__s: str, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:  # noqa: C901
+    """Parse TOML from a string."""
+
+    # The spec allows converting "\r\n" to "\n", even in string
+    # literals. Let's do so to simplify parsing.
+    src = __s.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+    pos = 0
+    out = Output(NestedDict(), Flags())
+    header: Key = ()
+    parse_float = make_safe_parse_float(parse_float)
+
+    # Parse one statement at a time
+    # (typically means one line in TOML source)
+    while True:
+        # 1. Skip line leading whitespace
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+        # 2. Parse rules. Expect one of the following:
+        #    - end of file
+        #    - end of line
+        #    - comment
+        #    - key/value pair
+        #    - append dict to list (and move to its namespace)
+        #    - create dict (and move to its namespace)
+        # Skip trailing whitespace when applicable.
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if char == "\n":
+            pos += 1
+            continue
+        if char in KEY_INITIAL_CHARS:
+            pos = key_value_rule(src, pos, out, header, parse_float)
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        elif char == "[":
+            try:
+                second_char: str | None = src[pos + 1]
+            except IndexError:
+                second_char = None
+            out.flags.finalize_pending()
+            if second_char == "[":
+                pos, header = create_list_rule(src, pos, out)
+            else:
+                pos, header = create_dict_rule(src, pos, out)
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        elif char != "#":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid statement")
+
+        # 3. Skip comment
+        pos = skip_comment(src, pos)
+
+        # 4. Expect end of line or end of file
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if char != "\n":
+            raise suffixed_err(
+                src, pos, "Expected newline or end of document after a statement"
+            )
+        pos += 1
+
+    return out.data.dict
+
+
+class Flags:
+    """Flags that map to parsed keys/namespaces."""
+
+    # Marks an immutable namespace (inline array or inline table).
+    FROZEN = 0
+    # Marks a nest that has been explicitly created and can no longer
+    # be opened using the "[table]" syntax.
+    EXPLICIT_NEST = 1
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._flags: dict[str, dict] = {}
+        self._pending_flags: set[tuple[Key, int]] = set()
+
+    def add_pending(self, key: Key, flag: int) -> None:
+        self._pending_flags.add((key, flag))
+
+    def finalize_pending(self) -> None:
+        for key, flag in self._pending_flags:
+            self.set(key, flag, recursive=False)
+        self._pending_flags.clear()
+
+    def unset_all(self, key: Key) -> None:
+        cont = self._flags
+        for k in key[:-1]:
+            if k not in cont:
+                return
+            cont = cont[k]["nested"]
+        cont.pop(key[-1], None)
+
+    def set(self, key: Key, flag: int, *, recursive: bool) -> None:  # noqa: A003
+        cont = self._flags
+        key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+        for k in key_parent:
+            if k not in cont:
+                cont[k] = {"flags": set(), "recursive_flags": set(), "nested": {}}
+            cont = cont[k]["nested"]
+        if key_stem not in cont:
+            cont[key_stem] = {"flags": set(), "recursive_flags": set(), "nested": {}}
+        cont[key_stem]["recursive_flags" if recursive else "flags"].add(flag)
+
+    def is_(self, key: Key, flag: int) -> bool:
+        if not key:
+            return False  # document root has no flags
+        cont = self._flags
+        for k in key[:-1]:
+            if k not in cont:
+                return False
+            inner_cont = cont[k]
+            if flag in inner_cont["recursive_flags"]:
+                return True
+            cont = inner_cont["nested"]
+        key_stem = key[-1]
+        if key_stem in cont:
+            cont = cont[key_stem]
+            return flag in cont["flags"] or flag in cont["recursive_flags"]
+        return False
+
+
+class NestedDict:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # The parsed content of the TOML document
+        self.dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def get_or_create_nest(
+        self,
+        key: Key,
+        *,
+        access_lists: bool = True,
+    ) -> dict:
+        cont: Any = self.dict
+        for k in key:
+            if k not in cont:
+                cont[k] = {}
+            cont = cont[k]
+            if access_lists and isinstance(cont, list):
+                cont = cont[-1]
+            if not isinstance(cont, dict):
+                raise KeyError("There is no nest behind this key")
+        return cont
+
+    def append_nest_to_list(self, key: Key) -> None:
+        cont = self.get_or_create_nest(key[:-1])
+        last_key = key[-1]
+        if last_key in cont:
+            list_ = cont[last_key]
+            if not isinstance(list_, list):
+                raise KeyError("An object other than list found behind this key")
+            list_.append({})
+        else:
+            cont[last_key] = [{}]
+
+
+class Output(NamedTuple):
+    data: NestedDict
+    flags: Flags
+
+
+def skip_chars(src: str, pos: Pos, chars: Iterable[str]) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        while src[pos] in chars:
+            pos += 1
+    except IndexError:
+        pass
+    return pos
+
+
+def skip_until(
+    src: str,
+    pos: Pos,
+    expect: str,
+    *,
+    error_on: frozenset[str],
+    error_on_eof: bool,
+) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        new_pos = src.index(expect, pos)
+    except ValueError:
+        new_pos = len(src)
+        if error_on_eof:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, new_pos, f"Expected {expect!r}") from None
+
+    if not error_on.isdisjoint(src[pos:new_pos]):
+        while src[pos] not in error_on:
+            pos += 1
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Found invalid character {src[pos]!r}")
+    return new_pos
+
+
+def skip_comment(src: str, pos: Pos) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char == "#":
+        return skip_until(
+            src, pos + 1, "\n", error_on=ILLEGAL_COMMENT_CHARS, error_on_eof=False
+        )
+    return pos
+
+
+def skip_comments_and_array_ws(src: str, pos: Pos) -> Pos:
+    while True:
+        pos_before_skip = pos
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE)
+        pos = skip_comment(src, pos)
+        if pos == pos_before_skip:
+            return pos
+
+
+def create_dict_rule(src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos += 1  # Skip "["
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST) or out.flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot declare {key} twice")
+    out.flags.set(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST, recursive=False)
+    try:
+        out.data.get_or_create_nest(key)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+
+    if not src.startswith("]", pos):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected ']' at the end of a table declaration")
+    return pos + 1, key
+
+
+def create_list_rule(src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos += 2  # Skip "[["
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {key}")
+    # Free the namespace now that it points to another empty list item...
+    out.flags.unset_all(key)
+    # ...but this key precisely is still prohibited from table declaration
+    out.flags.set(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST, recursive=False)
+    try:
+        out.data.append_nest_to_list(key)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+
+    if not src.startswith("]]", pos):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected ']]' at the end of an array declaration")
+    return pos + 2, key
+
+
+def key_value_rule(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output, header: Key, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> Pos:
+    pos, key, value = parse_key_value_pair(src, pos, parse_float)
+    key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+    abs_key_parent = header + key_parent
+
+    relative_path_cont_keys = (header + key[:i] for i in range(1, len(key)))
+    for cont_key in relative_path_cont_keys:
+        # Check that dotted key syntax does not redefine an existing table
+        if out.flags.is_(cont_key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST):
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot redefine namespace {cont_key}")
+        # Containers in the relative path can't be opened with the table syntax or
+        # dotted key/value syntax in following table sections.
+        out.flags.add_pending(cont_key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(abs_key_parent, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(
+            src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {abs_key_parent}"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        nest = out.data.get_or_create_nest(abs_key_parent)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+    if key_stem in nest:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value")
+    # Mark inline table and array namespaces recursively immutable
+    if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+        out.flags.set(header + key, Flags.FROZEN, recursive=True)
+    nest[key_stem] = value
+    return pos
+
+
+def parse_key_value_pair(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> tuple[Pos, Key, Any]:
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char != "=":
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected '=' after a key in a key/value pair")
+    pos += 1
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, value = parse_value(src, pos, parse_float)
+    return pos, key, value
+
+
+def parse_key(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos, key_part = parse_key_part(src, pos)
+    key: Key = (key_part,)
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            char: str | None = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            char = None
+        if char != ".":
+            return pos, key
+        pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        pos, key_part = parse_key_part(src, pos)
+        key += (key_part,)
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+
+def parse_key_part(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char in BARE_KEY_CHARS:
+        start_pos = pos
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, BARE_KEY_CHARS)
+        return pos, src[start_pos:pos]
+    if char == "'":
+        return parse_literal_str(src, pos)
+    if char == '"':
+        return parse_one_line_basic_str(src, pos)
+    raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid initial character for a key part")
+
+
+def parse_one_line_basic_str(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 1
+    return parse_basic_str(src, pos, multiline=False)
+
+
+def parse_array(src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> tuple[Pos, list]:
+    pos += 1
+    array: list = []
+
+    pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+    if src.startswith("]", pos):
+        return pos + 1, array
+    while True:
+        pos, val = parse_value(src, pos, parse_float)
+        array.append(val)
+        pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+
+        c = src[pos : pos + 1]
+        if c == "]":
+            return pos + 1, array
+        if c != ",":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unclosed array")
+        pos += 1
+
+        pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+        if src.startswith("]", pos):
+            return pos + 1, array
+
+
+def parse_inline_table(src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> tuple[Pos, dict]:
+    pos += 1
+    nested_dict = NestedDict()
+    flags = Flags()
+
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    if src.startswith("}", pos):
+        return pos + 1, nested_dict.dict
+    while True:
+        pos, key, value = parse_key_value_pair(src, pos, parse_float)
+        key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+        if flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {key}")
+        try:
+            nest = nested_dict.get_or_create_nest(key_parent, access_lists=False)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+        if key_stem in nest:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Duplicate inline table key {key_stem!r}")
+        nest[key_stem] = value
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        c = src[pos : pos + 1]
+        if c == "}":
+            return pos + 1, nested_dict.dict
+        if c != ",":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unclosed inline table")
+        if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+            flags.set(key, Flags.FROZEN, recursive=True)
+        pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+
+def parse_basic_str_escape(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, *, multiline: bool = False
+) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    escape_id = src[pos : pos + 2]
+    pos += 2
+    if multiline and escape_id in {"\\ ", "\\\t", "\\\n"}:
+        # Skip whitespace until next non-whitespace character or end of
+        # the doc. Error if non-whitespace is found before newline.
+        if escape_id != "\\\n":
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+            try:
+                char = src[pos]
+            except IndexError:
+                return pos, ""
+            if char != "\n":
+                raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unescaped '\\' in a string")
+            pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE)
+        return pos, ""
+    if escape_id == "\\u":
+        return parse_hex_char(src, pos, 4)
+    if escape_id == "\\U":
+        return parse_hex_char(src, pos, 8)
+    try:
+        return pos, BASIC_STR_ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[escape_id]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unescaped '\\' in a string") from None
+
+
+def parse_basic_str_escape_multiline(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    return parse_basic_str_escape(src, pos, multiline=True)
+
+
+def parse_hex_char(src: str, pos: Pos, hex_len: int) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    hex_str = src[pos : pos + hex_len]
+    if len(hex_str) != hex_len or not HEXDIGIT_CHARS.issuperset(hex_str):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid hex value")
+    pos += hex_len
+    hex_int = int(hex_str, 16)
+    if not is_unicode_scalar_value(hex_int):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Escaped character is not a Unicode scalar value")
+    return pos, chr(hex_int)
+
+
+def parse_literal_str(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 1  # Skip starting apostrophe
+    start_pos = pos
+    pos = skip_until(
+        src, pos, "'", error_on=ILLEGAL_LITERAL_STR_CHARS, error_on_eof=True
+    )
+    return pos + 1, src[start_pos:pos]  # Skip ending apostrophe
+
+
+def parse_multiline_str(src: str, pos: Pos, *, literal: bool) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 3
+    if src.startswith("\n", pos):
+        pos += 1
+
+    if literal:
+        delim = "'"
+        end_pos = skip_until(
+            src,
+            pos,
+            "'''",
+            error_on=ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_LITERAL_STR_CHARS,
+            error_on_eof=True,
+        )
+        result = src[pos:end_pos]
+        pos = end_pos + 3
+    else:
+        delim = '"'
+        pos, result = parse_basic_str(src, pos, multiline=True)
+
+    # Add at maximum two extra apostrophes/quotes if the end sequence
+    # is 4 or 5 chars long instead of just 3.
+    if not src.startswith(delim, pos):
+        return pos, result
+    pos += 1
+    if not src.startswith(delim, pos):
+        return pos, result + delim
+    pos += 1
+    return pos, result + (delim * 2)
+
+
+def parse_basic_str(src: str, pos: Pos, *, multiline: bool) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    if multiline:
+        error_on = ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+        parse_escapes = parse_basic_str_escape_multiline
+    else:
+        error_on = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+        parse_escapes = parse_basic_str_escape
+    result = ""
+    start_pos = pos
+    while True:
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unterminated string") from None
+        if char == '"':
+            if not multiline:
+                return pos + 1, result + src[start_pos:pos]
+            if src.startswith('"""', pos):
+                return pos + 3, result + src[start_pos:pos]
+            pos += 1
+            continue
+        if char == "\\":
+            result += src[start_pos:pos]
+            pos, parsed_escape = parse_escapes(src, pos)
+            result += parsed_escape
+            start_pos = pos
+            continue
+        if char in error_on:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Illegal character {char!r}")
+        pos += 1
+
+
+def parse_value(  # noqa: C901
+    src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> tuple[Pos, Any]:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+
+    # IMPORTANT: order conditions based on speed of checking and likelihood
+
+    # Basic strings
+    if char == '"':
+        if src.startswith('"""', pos):
+            return parse_multiline_str(src, pos, literal=False)
+        return parse_one_line_basic_str(src, pos)
+
+    # Literal strings
+    if char == "'":
+        if src.startswith("'''", pos):
+            return parse_multiline_str(src, pos, literal=True)
+        return parse_literal_str(src, pos)
+
+    # Booleans
+    if char == "t":
+        if src.startswith("true", pos):
+            return pos + 4, True
+    if char == "f":
+        if src.startswith("false", pos):
+            return pos + 5, False
+
+    # Arrays
+    if char == "[":
+        return parse_array(src, pos, parse_float)
+
+    # Inline tables
+    if char == "{":
+        return parse_inline_table(src, pos, parse_float)
+
+    # Dates and times
+    datetime_match = RE_DATETIME.match(src, pos)
+    if datetime_match:
+        try:
+            datetime_obj = match_to_datetime(datetime_match)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid date or datetime") from e
+        return datetime_match.end(), datetime_obj
+    localtime_match = RE_LOCALTIME.match(src, pos)
+    if localtime_match:
+        return localtime_match.end(), match_to_localtime(localtime_match)
+
+    # Integers and "normal" floats.
+    # The regex will greedily match any type starting with a decimal
+    # char, so needs to be located after handling of dates and times.
+    number_match = RE_NUMBER.match(src, pos)
+    if number_match:
+        return number_match.end(), match_to_number(number_match, parse_float)
+
+    # Special floats
+    first_three = src[pos : pos + 3]
+    if first_three in {"inf", "nan"}:
+        return pos + 3, parse_float(first_three)
+    first_four = src[pos : pos + 4]
+    if first_four in {"-inf", "+inf", "-nan", "+nan"}:
+        return pos + 4, parse_float(first_four)
+
+    raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid value")
+
+
+def suffixed_err(src: str, pos: Pos, msg: str) -> TOMLDecodeError:
+    """Return a `TOMLDecodeError` where error message is suffixed with
+    coordinates in source."""
+
+    def coord_repr(src: str, pos: Pos) -> str:
+        if pos >= len(src):
+            return "end of document"
+        line = src.count("\n", 0, pos) + 1
+        if line == 1:
+            column = pos + 1
+        else:
+            column = pos - src.rindex("\n", 0, pos)
+        return f"line {line}, column {column}"
+
+    return TOMLDecodeError(f"{msg} (at {coord_repr(src, pos)})")
+
+
+def is_unicode_scalar_value(codepoint: int) -> bool:
+    return (0 <= codepoint <= 55295) or (57344 <= codepoint <= 1114111)
+
+
+def make_safe_parse_float(parse_float: ParseFloat) -> ParseFloat:
+    """A decorator to make `parse_float` safe.
+
+    `parse_float` must not return dicts or lists, because these types
+    would be mixed with parsed TOML tables and arrays, thus confusing
+    the parser. The returned decorated callable raises `ValueError`
+    instead of returning illegal types.
+    """
+    # The default `float` callable never returns illegal types. Optimize it.
+    if parse_float is float:  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+        return float
+
+    def safe_parse_float(float_str: str) -> Any:
+        float_value = parse_float(float_str)
+        if isinstance(float_value, (dict, list)):
+            raise ValueError("parse_float must not return dicts or lists")
+        return float_value
+
+    return safe_parse_float
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..994bb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone, tzinfo
+from functools import lru_cache
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from ._types import ParseFloat
+
+# E.g.
+# - 00:32:00.999999
+# - 00:32:00
+_TIME_RE_STR = r"([01][0-9]|2[0-3]):([0-5][0-9]):([0-5][0-9])(?:\.([0-9]{1,6})[0-9]*)?"
+
+RE_NUMBER = re.compile(
+    r"""
+0
+(?:
+    x[0-9A-Fa-f](?:_?[0-9A-Fa-f])*   # hex
+    |
+    b[01](?:_?[01])*                 # bin
+    |
+    o[0-7](?:_?[0-7])*               # oct
+)
+|
+[+-]?(?:0|[1-9](?:_?[0-9])*)         # dec, integer part
+(?P<floatpart>
+    (?:\.[0-9](?:_?[0-9])*)?         # optional fractional part
+    (?:[eE][+-]?[0-9](?:_?[0-9])*)?  # optional exponent part
+)
+""",
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+RE_LOCALTIME = re.compile(_TIME_RE_STR)
+RE_DATETIME = re.compile(
+    rf"""
+([0-9]{{4}})-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])  # date, e.g. 1988-10-27
+(?:
+    [Tt ]
+    {_TIME_RE_STR}
+    (?:([Zz])|([+-])([01][0-9]|2[0-3]):([0-5][0-9]))?  # optional time offset
+)?
+""",
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+def match_to_datetime(match: re.Match) -> datetime | date:
+    """Convert a `RE_DATETIME` match to `datetime.datetime` or `datetime.date`.
+
+    Raises ValueError if the match does not correspond to a valid date
+    or datetime.
+    """
+    (
+        year_str,
+        month_str,
+        day_str,
+        hour_str,
+        minute_str,
+        sec_str,
+        micros_str,
+        zulu_time,
+        offset_sign_str,
+        offset_hour_str,
+        offset_minute_str,
+    ) = match.groups()
+    year, month, day = int(year_str), int(month_str), int(day_str)
+    if hour_str is None:
+        return date(year, month, day)
+    hour, minute, sec = int(hour_str), int(minute_str), int(sec_str)
+    micros = int(micros_str.ljust(6, "0")) if micros_str else 0
+    if offset_sign_str:
+        tz: tzinfo | None = cached_tz(
+            offset_hour_str, offset_minute_str, offset_sign_str
+        )
+    elif zulu_time:
+        tz = timezone.utc
+    else:  # local date-time
+        tz = None
+    return datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, micros, tzinfo=tz)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def cached_tz(hour_str: str, minute_str: str, sign_str: str) -> timezone:
+    sign = 1 if sign_str == "+" else -1
+    return timezone(
+        timedelta(
+            hours=sign * int(hour_str),
+            minutes=sign * int(minute_str),
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def match_to_localtime(match: re.Match) -> time:
+    hour_str, minute_str, sec_str, micros_str = match.groups()
+    micros = int(micros_str.ljust(6, "0")) if micros_str else 0
+    return time(int(hour_str), int(minute_str), int(sec_str), micros)
+
+
+def match_to_number(match: re.Match, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> Any:
+    if match.group("floatpart"):
+        return parse_float(match.group())
+    return int(match.group(), 0)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d949412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple
+
+# Type annotations
+ParseFloat = Callable[[str], Any]
+Key = Tuple[str, ...]
+Pos = int
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59930f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+"""Verify certificates using native system trust stores"""
+
+import sys as _sys
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    raise ImportError("truststore requires Python 3.10 or later")
+
+from ._api import SSLContext, extract_from_ssl, inject_into_ssl  # noqa: E402
+
+del _api, _sys  # type: ignore[name-defined] # noqa: F821
+
+__all__ = ["SSLContext", "inject_into_ssl", "extract_from_ssl"]
+__version__ = "0.8.0"
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..829aff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+import os
+import platform
+import socket
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import _ssl  # type: ignore[import]
+
+from ._ssl_constants import (
+    _original_SSLContext,
+    _original_super_SSLContext,
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class,
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class,
+)
+
+if platform.system() == "Windows":
+    from ._windows import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+elif platform.system() == "Darwin":
+    from ._macos import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+else:
+    from ._openssl import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Buffer
+
+# From typeshed/stdlib/ssl.pyi
+_StrOrBytesPath: typing.TypeAlias = str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes]
+_PasswordType: typing.TypeAlias = str | bytes | typing.Callable[[], str | bytes]
+
+
+def inject_into_ssl() -> None:
+    """Injects the :class:`truststore.SSLContext` into the ``ssl``
+    module by replacing :class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
+    """
+    setattr(ssl, "SSLContext", SSLContext)
+    # urllib3 holds on to its own reference of ssl.SSLContext
+    # so we need to replace that reference too.
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ as urllib3_ssl
+
+        setattr(urllib3_ssl, "SSLContext", SSLContext)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+def extract_from_ssl() -> None:
+    """Restores the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class to its original state"""
+    setattr(ssl, "SSLContext", _original_SSLContext)
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ as urllib3_ssl
+
+        urllib3_ssl.SSLContext = _original_SSLContext
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+class SSLContext(_truststore_SSLContext_super_class):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """SSLContext API that uses system certificates on all platforms"""
+
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __class__(self) -> type:
+        # Dirty hack to get around isinstance() checks
+        # for ssl.SSLContext instances in aiohttp/trustme
+        # when using non-CPython implementations.
+        return _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class or SSLContext
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol: int = None) -> None:  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self._ctx = _original_SSLContext(protocol)
+
+        class TruststoreSSLObject(ssl.SSLObject):
+            # This object exists because wrap_bio() doesn't
+            # immediately do the handshake so we need to do
+            # certificate verifications after SSLObject.do_handshake()
+
+            def do_handshake(self) -> None:
+                ret = super().do_handshake()
+                _verify_peercerts(self, server_hostname=self.server_hostname)
+                return ret
+
+        self._ctx.sslobject_class = TruststoreSSLObject
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        server_side: bool = False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect: bool = True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        session: ssl.SSLSession | None = None,
+    ) -> ssl.SSLSocket:
+        # Use a context manager here because the
+        # inner SSLContext holds on to our state
+        # but also does the actual handshake.
+        with _configure_context(self._ctx):
+            ssl_sock = self._ctx.wrap_socket(
+                sock,
+                server_side=server_side,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
+                suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
+                session=session,
+            )
+        try:
+            _verify_peercerts(ssl_sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+        except Exception:
+            ssl_sock.close()
+            raise
+        return ssl_sock
+
+    def wrap_bio(
+        self,
+        incoming: ssl.MemoryBIO,
+        outgoing: ssl.MemoryBIO,
+        server_side: bool = False,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        session: ssl.SSLSession | None = None,
+    ) -> ssl.SSLObject:
+        with _configure_context(self._ctx):
+            ssl_obj = self._ctx.wrap_bio(
+                incoming,
+                outgoing,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                server_side=server_side,
+                session=session,
+            )
+        return ssl_obj
+
+    def load_verify_locations(
+        self,
+        cafile: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] | None = None,
+        capath: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] | None = None,
+        cadata: typing.Union[str, "Buffer", None] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_verify_locations(
+            cafile=cafile, capath=capath, cadata=cadata
+        )
+
+    def load_cert_chain(
+        self,
+        certfile: _StrOrBytesPath,
+        keyfile: _StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+        password: _PasswordType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_cert_chain(
+            certfile=certfile, keyfile=keyfile, password=password
+        )
+
+    def load_default_certs(
+        self, purpose: ssl.Purpose = ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_default_certs(purpose)
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, alpn_protocols: typing.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+    def set_npn_protocols(self, npn_protocols: typing.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_npn_protocols(npn_protocols)
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, __cipherlist: str) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_ciphers(__cipherlist)
+
+    def get_ciphers(self) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._ctx.get_ciphers()
+
+    def session_stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        return self._ctx.session_stats()
+
+    def cert_store_stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(
+        self, binary_form: typing.Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> list[typing.Any]:
+        ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: typing.Literal[True] = ...) -> list[bytes]:
+        ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: bool = ...) -> typing.Any:
+        ...
+
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: bool = False) -> list[typing.Any] | list[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def check_hostname(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.check_hostname
+
+    @check_hostname.setter
+    def check_hostname(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.check_hostname = value
+
+    @property
+    def hostname_checks_common_name(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.hostname_checks_common_name
+
+    @hostname_checks_common_name.setter
+    def hostname_checks_common_name(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.hostname_checks_common_name = value
+
+    @property
+    def keylog_filename(self) -> str:
+        return self._ctx.keylog_filename
+
+    @keylog_filename.setter
+    def keylog_filename(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._ctx.keylog_filename = value
+
+    @property
+    def maximum_version(self) -> ssl.TLSVersion:
+        return self._ctx.maximum_version
+
+    @maximum_version.setter
+    def maximum_version(self, value: ssl.TLSVersion) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.maximum_version.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def minimum_version(self) -> ssl.TLSVersion:
+        return self._ctx.minimum_version
+
+    @minimum_version.setter
+    def minimum_version(self, value: ssl.TLSVersion) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.minimum_version.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def options(self) -> ssl.Options:
+        return self._ctx.options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value: ssl.Options) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.options.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def post_handshake_auth(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.post_handshake_auth
+
+    @post_handshake_auth.setter
+    def post_handshake_auth(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.post_handshake_auth = value
+
+    @property
+    def protocol(self) -> ssl._SSLMethod:
+        return self._ctx.protocol
+
+    @property
+    def security_level(self) -> int:
+        return self._ctx.security_level
+
+    @property
+    def verify_flags(self) -> ssl.VerifyFlags:
+        return self._ctx.verify_flags
+
+    @verify_flags.setter
+    def verify_flags(self, value: ssl.VerifyFlags) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.verify_flags.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self) -> ssl.VerifyMode:
+        return self._ctx.verify_mode
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value: ssl.VerifyMode) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts(
+    sock_or_sslobj: ssl.SSLSocket | ssl.SSLObject, server_hostname: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Verifies the peer certificates from an SSLSocket or SSLObject
+    against the certificates in the OS trust store.
+    """
+    sslobj: ssl.SSLObject = sock_or_sslobj  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    try:
+        while not hasattr(sslobj, "get_unverified_chain"):
+            sslobj = sslobj._sslobj  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    # SSLObject.get_unverified_chain() returns 'None'
+    # if the peer sends no certificates. This is common
+    # for the server-side scenario.
+    unverified_chain: typing.Sequence[_ssl.Certificate] = (
+        sslobj.get_unverified_chain() or ()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    )
+    cert_bytes = [cert.public_bytes(_ssl.ENCODING_DER) for cert in unverified_chain]
+    _verify_peercerts_impl(
+        sock_or_sslobj.context, cert_bytes, server_hostname=server_hostname
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc440b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import platform
+import ssl
+import typing
+from ctypes import (
+    CDLL,
+    POINTER,
+    c_bool,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_long,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from ._ssl_constants import _set_ssl_context_verify_mode
+
+_mac_version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+_mac_version_info = tuple(map(int, _mac_version.split(".")))
+if _mac_version_info < (10, 8):
+    raise ImportError(
+        f"Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not {_mac_version_info[0]}.{_mac_version_info[1]}"
+    )
+
+
+def _load_cdll(name: str, macos10_16_path: str) -> CDLL:
+    """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
+    try:
+        # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
+        # beta being labeled as 10.16.
+        path: str | None
+        if _mac_version_info >= (10, 16):
+            path = macos10_16_path
+        else:
+            path = find_library(name)
+        if not path:
+            raise OSError  # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
+        return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
+    except OSError:
+        raise ImportError(f"The library {name} failed to load") from None
+
+
+Security = _load_cdll(
+    "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+)
+CoreFoundation = _load_cdll(
+    "CoreFoundation",
+    "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
+)
+
+Boolean = c_bool
+CFIndex = c_long
+CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
+CFData = c_void_p
+CFString = c_void_p
+CFArray = c_void_p
+CFMutableArray = c_void_p
+CFError = c_void_p
+CFType = c_void_p
+CFTypeID = c_ulong
+CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
+CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
+
+OSStatus = c_int32
+
+CFErrorRef = POINTER(CFError)
+CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
+CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
+CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
+CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
+CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFOptionFlags = c_uint32
+
+SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecPolicyRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
+SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
+
+try:
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation.argtypes = [CFOptionFlags]
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation.restype = SecPolicyRef
+
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL.argtypes = [Boolean, CFStringRef]
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL.restype = SecPolicyRef
+
+    Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.argtypes = [
+        CFTypeRef,
+        CFTypeRef,
+        POINTER(SecTrustRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.argtypes = [
+        SecTrustRef,
+        POINTER(SecTrustResultType),
+    ]
+    Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    Security.OSStatus = OSStatus  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod = 3
+    kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse = 8
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
+        CFStringRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode.argtypes = [CFErrorRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription.argtypes = [CFErrorRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
+    )
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorRef = CFErrorRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+except AttributeError:
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes") from None
+
+
+def _handle_osstatus(result: OSStatus, _: typing.Any, args: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+    """
+    Raises an error if the OSStatus value is non-zero.
+    """
+    if int(result) == 0:
+        return args
+
+    # Returns a CFString which we need to transform
+    # into a UTF-8 Python string.
+    error_message_cfstring = None
+    try:
+        error_message_cfstring = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(result, None)
+
+        # First step is convert the CFString into a C string pointer.
+        # We try the fast no-copy way first.
+        error_message_cfstring_c_void_p = ctypes.cast(
+            error_message_cfstring, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)
+        )
+        message = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+            error_message_cfstring_c_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+
+        # Quoting the Apple dev docs:
+        #
+        # "A pointer to a C string or NULL if the internal
+        # storage of theString does not allow this to be
+        # returned efficiently."
+        #
+        # So we need to get our hands dirty.
+        if message is None:
+            buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+            result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+                error_message_cfstring_c_void_p,
+                buffer,
+                1024,
+                CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+            )
+            if not result:
+                raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+            message = buffer.value
+
+    finally:
+        if error_message_cfstring is not None:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(error_message_cfstring)
+
+    # If no message can be found for this status we come
+    # up with a generic one that forwards the status code.
+    if message is None or message == "":
+        message = f"SecureTransport operation returned a non-zero OSStatus: {result}"
+
+    raise ssl.SSLError(message)
+
+
+Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+class CFConst:
+    """CoreFoundation constants"""
+
+    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
+
+    errSecIncompleteCertRevocationCheck = -67635
+    errSecHostNameMismatch = -67602
+    errSecCertificateExpired = -67818
+    errSecNotTrusted = -67843
+
+
+def _bytes_to_cf_data_ref(value: bytes) -> CFDataRef:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, value, len(value)
+    )
+
+
+def _bytes_to_cf_string(value: bytes) -> CFString:
+    """
+    Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
+    The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(value)
+    cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        c_str,
+        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+    )
+    return cf_str  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _cf_string_ref_to_str(cf_string_ref: CFStringRef) -> str | None:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    """
+    Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
+    reporting.
+    Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
+    """
+
+    string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+        cf_string_ref, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+    )
+    if string is None:
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+        result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+            cf_string_ref, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+        string = buffer.value
+    if string is not None:
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
+    return string  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(certs: list[bytes]) -> CFMutableArrayRef:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    """Builds a CFArray of SecCertificateRefs from a list of DER-encoded certificates.
+    Responsibility of the caller to call CoreFoundation.CFRelease on the CFArray.
+    """
+    cf_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        0,
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+    )
+    if not cf_array:
+        raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+
+    for cert_data in certs:
+        cf_data = None
+        sec_cert_ref = None
+        try:
+            cf_data = _bytes_to_cf_data_ref(cert_data)
+            sec_cert_ref = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, cf_data
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_array, sec_cert_ref)
+        finally:
+            if cf_data:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_data)
+            if sec_cert_ref:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(sec_cert_ref)
+
+    return cf_array  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    check_hostname = ctx.check_hostname
+    verify_mode = ctx.verify_mode
+    ctx.check_hostname = False
+    _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+        _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, verify_mode)
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    certs = None
+    policies = None
+    trust = None
+    cf_error = None
+    try:
+        if server_hostname is not None:
+            cf_str_hostname = None
+            try:
+                cf_str_hostname = _bytes_to_cf_string(server_hostname.encode("ascii"))
+                ssl_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL(True, cf_str_hostname)
+            finally:
+                if cf_str_hostname:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str_hostname)
+        else:
+            ssl_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL(True, None)
+
+        policies = ssl_policy
+        if ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN:
+            # Add explicit policy requiring positive revocation checks
+            policies = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                0,
+                ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(policies, ssl_policy)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(ssl_policy)
+            revocation_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation(
+                kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod
+                | kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(policies, revocation_policy)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(revocation_policy)
+        elif ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF:
+            raise NotImplementedError("VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF not implemented for macOS")
+
+        certs = None
+        try:
+            certs = _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(cert_chain)
+
+            # Now that we have certificates loaded and a SecPolicy
+            # we can finally create a SecTrust object!
+            trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+            Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(
+                certs, policies, ctypes.byref(trust)
+            )
+
+        finally:
+            # The certs are now being held by SecTrust so we can
+            # release our handles for the array.
+            if certs:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certs)
+
+        # If there are additional trust anchors to load we need to transform
+        # the list of DER-encoded certificates into a CFArray. Otherwise
+        # pass 'None' to signal that we only want system / fetched certificates.
+        ctx_ca_certs_der: list[bytes] | None = ssl_context.get_ca_certs(
+            binary_form=True
+        )
+        if ctx_ca_certs_der:
+            ctx_ca_certs = None
+            try:
+                ctx_ca_certs = _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(cert_chain)
+                Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, ctx_ca_certs)
+            finally:
+                if ctx_ca_certs:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(ctx_ca_certs)
+        else:
+            Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, None)
+
+        cf_error = CoreFoundation.CFErrorRef()
+        sec_trust_eval_result = Security.SecTrustEvaluateWithError(
+            trust, ctypes.byref(cf_error)
+        )
+        # sec_trust_eval_result is a bool (0 or 1)
+        # where 1 means that the certs are trusted.
+        if sec_trust_eval_result == 1:
+            is_trusted = True
+        elif sec_trust_eval_result == 0:
+            is_trusted = False
+        else:
+            raise ssl.SSLError(
+                f"Unknown result from Security.SecTrustEvaluateWithError: {sec_trust_eval_result!r}"
+            )
+
+        cf_error_code = 0
+        if not is_trusted:
+            cf_error_code = CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode(cf_error)
+
+            # If the error is a known failure that we're
+            # explicitly okay with from SSLContext configuration
+            # we can set is_trusted accordingly.
+            if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_REQUIRED and (
+                cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecNotTrusted
+                or cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecCertificateExpired
+            ):
+                is_trusted = True
+            elif (
+                not ssl_context.check_hostname
+                and cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecHostNameMismatch
+            ):
+                is_trusted = True
+
+        # If we're still not trusted then we start to
+        # construct and raise the SSLCertVerificationError.
+        if not is_trusted:
+            cf_error_string_ref = None
+            try:
+                cf_error_string_ref = CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription(cf_error)
+
+                # Can this ever return 'None' if there's a CFError?
+                cf_error_message = (
+                    _cf_string_ref_to_str(cf_error_string_ref)
+                    or "Certificate verification failed"
+                )
+
+                # TODO: Not sure if we need the SecTrustResultType for anything?
+                # We only care whether or not it's a success or failure for now.
+                sec_trust_result_type = Security.SecTrustResultType()
+                Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult(
+                    trust, ctypes.byref(sec_trust_result_type)
+                )
+
+                err = ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(cf_error_message)
+                err.verify_message = cf_error_message
+                err.verify_code = cf_error_code
+                raise err
+            finally:
+                if cf_error_string_ref:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string_ref)
+
+    finally:
+        if policies:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(policies)
+        if trust:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9951cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+import re
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+# candidates based on https://github.com/tiran/certifi-system-store by Christian Heimes
+_CA_FILE_CANDIDATES = [
+    # Alpine, Arch, Fedora 34+, OpenWRT, RHEL 9+, BSD
+    "/etc/ssl/cert.pem",
+    # Fedora <= 34, RHEL <= 9, CentOS <= 9
+    "/etc/pki/tls/cert.pem",
+    # Debian, Ubuntu (requires ca-certificates)
+    "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt",
+    # SUSE
+    "/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem",
+]
+
+_HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\.[0-9]$")
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    # First, check whether the default locations from OpenSSL
+    # seem like they will give us a usable set of CA certs.
+    # ssl.get_default_verify_paths already takes care of:
+    # - getting cafile from either the SSL_CERT_FILE env var
+    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
+    #   and verifying that that path exists
+    # - getting capath from either the SSL_CERT_DIR env var
+    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
+    #   and verifying that that path exists
+    # In addition we'll check whether capath appears to contain certs.
+    defaults = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
+    if defaults.cafile or (defaults.capath and _capath_contains_certs(defaults.capath)):
+        ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
+    else:
+        # cafile from OpenSSL doesn't exist
+        # and capath from OpenSSL doesn't contain certs.
+        # Let's search other common locations instead.
+        for cafile in _CA_FILE_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.path.isfile(cafile):
+                ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cafile)
+                break
+
+    yield
+
+
+def _capath_contains_certs(capath: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether capath exists and contains certs in the expected format."""
+    if not os.path.isdir(capath):
+        return False
+    for name in os.listdir(capath):
+        if _HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE.match(name):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    # This is a no-op because we've enabled SSLContext's built-in
+    # verification via verify_mode=CERT_REQUIRED, and don't need to repeat it.
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1ee7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+# Hold on to the original class so we can create it consistently
+# even if we inject our own SSLContext into the ssl module.
+_original_SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
+_original_super_SSLContext = super(_original_SSLContext, _original_SSLContext)
+
+# CPython is known to be good, but non-CPython implementations
+# may implement SSLContext differently so to be safe we don't
+# subclass the SSLContext.
+
+# This is returned by truststore.SSLContext.__class__()
+_truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class: typing.Optional[type]
+
+# This value is the superclass of truststore.SSLContext.
+_truststore_SSLContext_super_class: type
+
+if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = _original_SSLContext
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = None
+else:
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = object
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = _original_SSLContext
+
+
+def _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext, verify_mode: ssl.VerifyMode
+) -> None:
+    _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(ssl_context, verify_mode)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3de4960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+import contextlib
+import ssl
+import typing
+from ctypes import WinDLL  # type: ignore
+from ctypes import WinError  # type: ignore
+from ctypes import (
+    POINTER,
+    Structure,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+    c_wchar_p,
+    cast,
+    create_unicode_buffer,
+    pointer,
+    sizeof,
+)
+from ctypes.wintypes import (
+    BOOL,
+    DWORD,
+    HANDLE,
+    LONG,
+    LPCSTR,
+    LPCVOID,
+    LPCWSTR,
+    LPFILETIME,
+    LPSTR,
+    LPWSTR,
+)
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from ._ssl_constants import _set_ssl_context_verify_mode
+
+HCERTCHAINENGINE = HANDLE
+HCERTSTORE = HANDLE
+HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY = HANDLE
+
+
+class CERT_CONTEXT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwCertEncodingType", DWORD),
+        ("pbCertEncoded", c_void_p),
+        ("cbCertEncoded", DWORD),
+        ("pCertInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("hCertStore", HCERTSTORE),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CONTEXT = POINTER(CERT_CONTEXT)
+PCCERT_CONTEXT = POINTER(PCERT_CONTEXT)
+
+
+class CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cUsageIdentifier", DWORD),
+        ("rgpszUsageIdentifier", POINTER(LPSTR)),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE = POINTER(CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE)
+
+
+class CERT_USAGE_MATCH(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwType", DWORD),
+        ("Usage", CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("RequestedUsage", CERT_USAGE_MATCH),
+        ("RequestedIssuancePolicy", CERT_USAGE_MATCH),
+        ("dwUrlRetrievalTimeout", DWORD),
+        ("fCheckRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+        ("pftCacheResync", LPFILETIME),
+        ("pStrongSignPara", c_void_p),
+        ("dwStrongSignFlags", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA = pointer[CERT_CHAIN_PARA]  # type: ignore[misc]
+else:
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_PARA)
+
+
+class CERT_TRUST_STATUS(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwErrorStatus", DWORD),
+        ("dwInfoStatus", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("pCertContext", PCERT_CONTEXT),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("pRevocationInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("pIssuanceUsage", PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+        ("pApplicationUsage", PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+        ("pwszExtendedErrorInfo", LPCWSTR),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT)
+
+
+class CERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("cElement", DWORD),
+        ("rgpElement", POINTER(PCERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT)),
+        ("pTrustListInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("fHasRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN = POINTER(CERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("cChain", DWORD),
+        ("rgpChain", POINTER(PCERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN)),
+        ("cLowerQualityChainContext", DWORD),
+        ("rgpLowerQualityChainContext", c_void_p),
+        ("fHasRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT)
+PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT = POINTER(PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT)
+
+
+class SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwAuthType", DWORD),
+        ("fdwChecks", DWORD),
+        ("pwszServerName", LPCWSTR),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+        ("pvExtraPolicyPara", c_void_p),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwError", DWORD),
+        ("lChainIndex", LONG),
+        ("lElementIndex", LONG),
+        ("pvExtraPolicyStatus", c_void_p),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("hRestrictedRoot", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hRestrictedTrust", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hRestrictedOther", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("cAdditionalStore", DWORD),
+        ("rghAdditionalStore", c_void_p),
+        ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+        ("dwUrlRetrievalTimeout", DWORD),
+        ("MaximumCachedCertificates", DWORD),
+        ("CycleDetectionModulus", DWORD),
+        ("hExclusiveRoot", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hExclusiveTrustedPeople", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("dwExclusiveFlags", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG)
+PHCERTCHAINENGINE = POINTER(HCERTCHAINENGINE)
+
+X509_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00000001
+PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00010000
+CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY = b"Memory"
+CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING = 2
+USAGE_MATCH_TYPE_OR = 1
+OID_PKIX_KP_SERVER_AUTH = c_char_p(b"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1")
+CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT = 0x10000000
+CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN = 0x20000000
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_NOT_TIME_VALID_FLAGS = 0x00000007
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_FLAG = 0x00000008
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_CA_FLAG = 0x00000010
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG = 0x00000040
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_WRONG_USAGE_FLAG = 0x00000020
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_POLICY_FLAG = 0x00000080
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_REV_UNKNOWN_FLAGS = 0x00000F00
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_TESTROOT_FLAG = 0x00008000
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_TRUST_TESTROOT_FLAG = 0x00004000
+AUTHTYPE_SERVER = 2
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL = 4
+FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000
+FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS = 0x00000200
+
+# Flags to set for SSLContext.verify_mode=CERT_NONE
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_VERIFY_MODE_NONE_FLAGS = (
+    CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_NOT_TIME_VALID_FLAGS
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_CA_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_WRONG_USAGE_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_POLICY_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_REV_UNKNOWN_FLAGS
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_TESTROOT_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_TRUST_TESTROOT_FLAG
+)
+
+wincrypt = WinDLL("crypt32.dll")
+kernel32 = WinDLL("kernel32.dll")
+
+
+def _handle_win_error(result: bool, _: Any, args: Any) -> Any:
+    if not result:
+        # Note, actually raises OSError after calling GetLastError and FormatMessage
+        raise WinError()
+    return args
+
+
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine = wincrypt.CertCreateCertificateChainEngine
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine.argtypes = (
+    PCERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG,
+    PHCERTCHAINENGINE,
+)
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertOpenStore = wincrypt.CertOpenStore
+CertOpenStore.argtypes = (LPCSTR, DWORD, HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY, DWORD, c_void_p)
+CertOpenStore.restype = HCERTSTORE
+CertOpenStore.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore = wincrypt.CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.argtypes = (
+    HCERTSTORE,
+    DWORD,
+    c_char_p,
+    DWORD,
+    DWORD,
+    PCCERT_CONTEXT,
+)
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.restype = BOOL
+
+CertCreateCertificateContext = wincrypt.CertCreateCertificateContext
+CertCreateCertificateContext.argtypes = (DWORD, c_char_p, DWORD)
+CertCreateCertificateContext.restype = PCERT_CONTEXT
+CertCreateCertificateContext.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertGetCertificateChain = wincrypt.CertGetCertificateChain
+CertGetCertificateChain.argtypes = (
+    HCERTCHAINENGINE,
+    PCERT_CONTEXT,
+    LPFILETIME,
+    HCERTSTORE,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,
+    DWORD,
+    c_void_p,
+    PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,
+)
+CertGetCertificateChain.restype = BOOL
+CertGetCertificateChain.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy = wincrypt.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy.argtypes = (
+    c_ulong,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS,
+)
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy.restype = BOOL
+
+CertCloseStore = wincrypt.CertCloseStore
+CertCloseStore.argtypes = (HCERTSTORE, DWORD)
+CertCloseStore.restype = BOOL
+CertCloseStore.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertFreeCertificateChain = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateChain
+CertFreeCertificateChain.argtypes = (PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,)
+
+CertFreeCertificateContext = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateContext
+CertFreeCertificateContext.argtypes = (PCERT_CONTEXT,)
+
+CertFreeCertificateChainEngine = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateChainEngine
+CertFreeCertificateChainEngine.argtypes = (HCERTCHAINENGINE,)
+
+FormatMessageW = kernel32.FormatMessageW
+FormatMessageW.argtypes = (
+    DWORD,
+    LPCVOID,
+    DWORD,
+    DWORD,
+    LPWSTR,
+    DWORD,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+FormatMessageW.restype = DWORD
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Verify the cert_chain from the server using Windows APIs."""
+    pCertContext = None
+    hIntermediateCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, None, 0, None)
+    try:
+        # Add intermediate certs to an in-memory cert store
+        for cert_bytes in cert_chain[1:]:
+            CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                hIntermediateCertStore,
+                X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                cert_bytes,
+                len(cert_bytes),
+                CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        # Cert context for leaf cert
+        leaf_cert = cert_chain[0]
+        pCertContext = CertCreateCertificateContext(
+            X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, leaf_cert, len(leaf_cert)
+        )
+
+        # Chain params to match certs for serverAuth extended usage
+        cert_enhkey_usage = CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE()
+        cert_enhkey_usage.cUsageIdentifier = 1
+        cert_enhkey_usage.rgpszUsageIdentifier = (c_char_p * 1)(OID_PKIX_KP_SERVER_AUTH)
+        cert_usage_match = CERT_USAGE_MATCH()
+        cert_usage_match.Usage = cert_enhkey_usage
+        chain_params = CERT_CHAIN_PARA()
+        chain_params.RequestedUsage = cert_usage_match
+        chain_params.cbSize = sizeof(chain_params)
+        pChainPara = pointer(chain_params)
+
+        if ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN:
+            chain_flags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN
+        elif ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF:
+            chain_flags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT
+        else:
+            chain_flags = 0
+
+        try:
+            # First attempt to verify using the default Windows system trust roots
+            # (default chain engine).
+            _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+                ssl_context,
+                None,
+                hIntermediateCertStore,
+                pCertContext,
+                pChainPara,
+                server_hostname,
+                chain_flags=chain_flags,
+            )
+        except ssl.SSLCertVerificationError:
+            # If that fails but custom CA certs have been added
+            # to the SSLContext using load_verify_locations,
+            # try verifying using a custom chain engine
+            # that trusts the custom CA certs.
+            custom_ca_certs: list[bytes] | None = ssl_context.get_ca_certs(
+                binary_form=True
+            )
+            if custom_ca_certs:
+                _verify_using_custom_ca_certs(
+                    ssl_context,
+                    custom_ca_certs,
+                    hIntermediateCertStore,
+                    pCertContext,
+                    pChainPara,
+                    server_hostname,
+                    chain_flags=chain_flags,
+                )
+            else:
+                raise
+    finally:
+        CertCloseStore(hIntermediateCertStore, 0)
+        if pCertContext:
+            CertFreeCertificateContext(pCertContext)
+
+
+def _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    hChainEngine: HCERTCHAINENGINE | None,
+    hIntermediateCertStore: HCERTSTORE,
+    pPeerCertContext: c_void_p,
+    pChainPara: PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    server_hostname: str | None,
+    chain_flags: int,
+) -> None:
+    ppChainContext = None
+    try:
+        # Get cert chain
+        ppChainContext = pointer(PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT())
+        CertGetCertificateChain(
+            hChainEngine,  # chain engine
+            pPeerCertContext,  # leaf cert context
+            None,  # current system time
+            hIntermediateCertStore,  # additional in-memory cert store
+            pChainPara,  # chain-building parameters
+            chain_flags,
+            None,  # reserved
+            ppChainContext,  # the resulting chain context
+        )
+        pChainContext = ppChainContext.contents
+
+        # Verify cert chain
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para = SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA()
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.cbSize = sizeof(
+            ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para
+        )
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.dwAuthType = AUTHTYPE_SERVER
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.fdwChecks = 0
+        if server_hostname:
+            ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.pwszServerName = c_wchar_p(server_hostname)
+
+        chain_policy = CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA()
+        chain_policy.pvExtraPolicyPara = cast(
+            pointer(ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para), c_void_p
+        )
+        if ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_NONE:
+            chain_policy.dwFlags |= CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_VERIFY_MODE_NONE_FLAGS
+        if not ssl_context.check_hostname:
+            chain_policy.dwFlags |= CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG
+        chain_policy.cbSize = sizeof(chain_policy)
+
+        pPolicyPara = pointer(chain_policy)
+        policy_status = CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS()
+        policy_status.cbSize = sizeof(policy_status)
+        pPolicyStatus = pointer(policy_status)
+        CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(
+            CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL,
+            pChainContext,
+            pPolicyPara,
+            pPolicyStatus,
+        )
+
+        # Check status
+        error_code = policy_status.dwError
+        if error_code:
+            # Try getting a human readable message for an error code.
+            error_message_buf = create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+            error_message_chars = FormatMessageW(
+                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                None,
+                error_code,
+                0,
+                error_message_buf,
+                sizeof(error_message_buf),
+                None,
+            )
+
+            # See if we received a message for the error,
+            # otherwise we use a generic error with the
+            # error code and hope that it's search-able.
+            if error_message_chars <= 0:
+                error_message = f"Certificate chain policy error {error_code:#x} [{policy_status.lElementIndex}]"
+            else:
+                error_message = error_message_buf.value.strip()
+
+            err = ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(error_message)
+            err.verify_message = error_message
+            err.verify_code = error_code
+            raise err from None
+    finally:
+        if ppChainContext:
+            CertFreeCertificateChain(ppChainContext.contents)
+
+
+def _verify_using_custom_ca_certs(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    custom_ca_certs: list[bytes],
+    hIntermediateCertStore: HCERTSTORE,
+    pPeerCertContext: c_void_p,
+    pChainPara: PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    server_hostname: str | None,
+    chain_flags: int,
+) -> None:
+    hChainEngine = None
+    hRootCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, None, 0, None)
+    try:
+        # Add custom CA certs to an in-memory cert store
+        for cert_bytes in custom_ca_certs:
+            CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                hRootCertStore,
+                X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                cert_bytes,
+                len(cert_bytes),
+                CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        # Create a custom cert chain engine which exclusively trusts
+        # certs from our hRootCertStore
+        cert_chain_engine_config = CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG()
+        cert_chain_engine_config.cbSize = sizeof(cert_chain_engine_config)
+        cert_chain_engine_config.hExclusiveRoot = hRootCertStore
+        pConfig = pointer(cert_chain_engine_config)
+        phChainEngine = pointer(HCERTCHAINENGINE())
+        CertCreateCertificateChainEngine(
+            pConfig,
+            phChainEngine,
+        )
+        hChainEngine = phChainEngine.contents
+
+        # Get and verify a cert chain using the custom chain engine
+        _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+            ssl_context,
+            hChainEngine,
+            hIntermediateCertStore,
+            pPeerCertContext,
+            pChainPara,
+            server_hostname,
+            chain_flags,
+        )
+    finally:
+        if hChainEngine:
+            CertFreeCertificateChainEngine(hChainEngine)
+        CertCloseStore(hRootCertStore, 0)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    check_hostname = ctx.check_hostname
+    verify_mode = ctx.verify_mode
+    ctx.check_hostname = False
+    _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+        _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, verify_mode)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f93acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3072 @@
+import abc
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import functools
+import inspect
+import operator
+import sys
+import types as _types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Super-special typing primitives.
+    'Any',
+    'ClassVar',
+    'Concatenate',
+    'Final',
+    'LiteralString',
+    'ParamSpec',
+    'ParamSpecArgs',
+    'ParamSpecKwargs',
+    'Self',
+    'Type',
+    'TypeVar',
+    'TypeVarTuple',
+    'Unpack',
+
+    # ABCs (from collections.abc).
+    'Awaitable',
+    'AsyncIterator',
+    'AsyncIterable',
+    'Coroutine',
+    'AsyncGenerator',
+    'AsyncContextManager',
+    'Buffer',
+    'ChainMap',
+
+    # Concrete collection types.
+    'ContextManager',
+    'Counter',
+    'Deque',
+    'DefaultDict',
+    'NamedTuple',
+    'OrderedDict',
+    'TypedDict',
+
+    # Structural checks, a.k.a. protocols.
+    'SupportsAbs',
+    'SupportsBytes',
+    'SupportsComplex',
+    'SupportsFloat',
+    'SupportsIndex',
+    'SupportsInt',
+    'SupportsRound',
+
+    # One-off things.
+    'Annotated',
+    'assert_never',
+    'assert_type',
+    'clear_overloads',
+    'dataclass_transform',
+    'deprecated',
+    'get_overloads',
+    'final',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_original_bases',
+    'get_protocol_members',
+    'get_type_hints',
+    'IntVar',
+    'is_protocol',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'Literal',
+    'NewType',
+    'overload',
+    'override',
+    'Protocol',
+    'reveal_type',
+    'runtime',
+    'runtime_checkable',
+    'Text',
+    'TypeAlias',
+    'TypeAliasType',
+    'TypeGuard',
+    'TYPE_CHECKING',
+    'Never',
+    'NoReturn',
+    'Required',
+    'NotRequired',
+
+    # Pure aliases, have always been in typing
+    'AbstractSet',
+    'AnyStr',
+    'BinaryIO',
+    'Callable',
+    'Collection',
+    'Container',
+    'Dict',
+    'ForwardRef',
+    'FrozenSet',
+    'Generator',
+    'Generic',
+    'Hashable',
+    'IO',
+    'ItemsView',
+    'Iterable',
+    'Iterator',
+    'KeysView',
+    'List',
+    'Mapping',
+    'MappingView',
+    'Match',
+    'MutableMapping',
+    'MutableSequence',
+    'MutableSet',
+    'Optional',
+    'Pattern',
+    'Reversible',
+    'Sequence',
+    'Set',
+    'Sized',
+    'TextIO',
+    'Tuple',
+    'Union',
+    'ValuesView',
+    'cast',
+    'no_type_check',
+    'no_type_check_decorator',
+]
+
+# for backward compatibility
+PEP_560 = True
+GenericMeta = type
+
+# The functions below are modified copies of typing internal helpers.
+# They are needed by _ProtocolMeta and they provide support for PEP 646.
+
+
+class _Sentinel:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<sentinel>"
+
+
+_marker = _Sentinel()
+
+
+def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen=_marker):
+    """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+    This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+    """
+    if not elen:
+        raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+    if elen is _marker:
+        if not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__") or not cls.__parameters__:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        elen = len(cls.__parameters__)
+    alen = len(parameters)
+    if alen != elen:
+        if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+            parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+            num_tv_tuples = sum(isinstance(p, TypeVarTuple) for p in parameters)
+            if (num_tv_tuples > 0) and (alen >= elen - num_tv_tuples):
+                return
+        raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} parameters for {cls};"
+                        f" actual {alen}, expected {elen}")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(
+            t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias, _types.UnionType)
+        )
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias))
+else:
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias) and not t._special
+
+
+def _collect_type_vars(types, typevar_types=None):
+    """Collect all type variable contained in types in order of
+    first appearance (lexicographic order). For example::
+
+        _collect_type_vars((T, List[S, T])) == (T, S)
+    """
+    if typevar_types is None:
+        typevar_types = typing.TypeVar
+    tvars = []
+    for t in types:
+        if (
+            isinstance(t, typevar_types) and
+            t not in tvars and
+            not _is_unpack(t)
+        ):
+            tvars.append(t)
+        if _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+            tvars.extend([t for t in t.__parameters__ if t not in tvars])
+    return tuple(tvars)
+
+
+NoReturn = typing.NoReturn
+
+# Some unconstrained type variables.  These are used by the container types.
+# (These are not for export.)
+T = typing.TypeVar('T')  # Any type.
+KT = typing.TypeVar('KT')  # Key type.
+VT = typing.TypeVar('VT')  # Value type.
+T_co = typing.TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)  # Any type covariant containers.
+T_contra = typing.TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)  # Ditto contravariant.
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Any
+else:
+
+    class _AnyMeta(type):
+        def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+            if self is Any:
+                raise TypeError("typing_extensions.Any cannot be used with isinstance()")
+            return super().__instancecheck__(obj)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self is Any:
+                return "typing_extensions.Any"
+            return super().__repr__()
+
+    class Any(metaclass=_AnyMeta):
+        """Special type indicating an unconstrained type.
+        - Any is compatible with every type.
+        - Any assumed to have all methods.
+        - All values assumed to be instances of Any.
+        Note that all the above statements are true from the point of view of
+        static type checkers. At runtime, Any should not be used with instance
+        checks.
+        """
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            if cls is Any:
+                raise TypeError("Any cannot be instantiated")
+            return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ClassVar = typing.ClassVar
+
+
+class _ExtensionsSpecialForm(typing._SpecialForm, _root=True):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'typing_extensions.' + self._name
+
+
+# On older versions of typing there is an internal class named "Final".
+# 3.8+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Final') and sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+    Final = typing.Final
+# 3.7
+else:
+    class _FinalForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Final = _FinalForm('Final',
+                       doc="""A special typing construct to indicate that a name
+                       cannot be re-assigned or overridden in a subclass.
+                       For example:
+
+                           MAX_SIZE: Final = 9000
+                           MAX_SIZE += 1  # Error reported by type checker
+
+                           class Connection:
+                               TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 10
+                           class FastConnector(Connection):
+                               TIMEOUT = 1  # Error reported by type checker
+
+                       There is no runtime checking of these properties.""")
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    final = typing.final
+else:
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+
+def IntVar(name):
+    return typing.TypeVar(name)
+
+
+# A Literal bug was fixed in 3.11.0, 3.10.1 and 3.9.8
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+    Literal = typing.Literal
+else:
+    def _flatten_literal_params(parameters):
+        """An internal helper for Literal creation: flatten Literals among parameters"""
+        params = []
+        for p in parameters:
+            if isinstance(p, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                params.extend(p.__args__)
+            else:
+                params.append(p)
+        return tuple(params)
+
+    def _value_and_type_iter(params):
+        for p in params:
+            yield p, type(p)
+
+    class _LiteralGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            these_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__))
+            other_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(other.__args__))
+            return these_args_deduped == other_args_deduped
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash(frozenset(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__)))
+
+    class _LiteralForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, doc: str):
+            self._name = 'Literal'
+            self._doc = self.__doc__ = doc
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+
+            parameters = _flatten_literal_params(parameters)
+
+            val_type_pairs = list(_value_and_type_iter(parameters))
+            try:
+                deduped_pairs = set(val_type_pairs)
+            except TypeError:
+                # unhashable parameters
+                pass
+            else:
+                # similar logic to typing._deduplicate on Python 3.9+
+                if len(deduped_pairs) < len(val_type_pairs):
+                    new_parameters = []
+                    for pair in val_type_pairs:
+                        if pair in deduped_pairs:
+                            new_parameters.append(pair[0])
+                            deduped_pairs.remove(pair)
+                    assert not deduped_pairs, deduped_pairs
+                    parameters = tuple(new_parameters)
+
+            return _LiteralGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+    Literal = _LiteralForm(doc="""\
+                           A type that can be used to indicate to type checkers
+                           that the corresponding value has a value literally equivalent
+                           to the provided parameter. For example:
+
+                               var: Literal[4] = 4
+
+                           The type checker understands that 'var' is literally equal to
+                           the value 4 and no other value.
+
+                           Literal[...] cannot be subclassed. There is no runtime
+                           checking verifying that the parameter is actually a value
+                           instead of a type.""")
+
+
+_overload_dummy = typing._overload_dummy
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "get_overloads"):  # 3.11+
+    overload = typing.overload
+    get_overloads = typing.get_overloads
+    clear_overloads = typing.clear_overloads
+else:
+    # {module: {qualname: {firstlineno: func}}}
+    _overload_registry = collections.defaultdict(
+        functools.partial(collections.defaultdict, dict)
+    )
+
+    def overload(func):
+        """Decorator for overloaded functions/methods.
+
+        In a stub file, place two or more stub definitions for the same
+        function in a row, each decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+
+        In a non-stub file (i.e. a regular .py file), do the same but
+        follow it with an implementation.  The implementation should *not*
+        be decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+        def utf8(value):
+            # implementation goes here
+
+        The overloads for a function can be retrieved at runtime using the
+        get_overloads() function.
+        """
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        try:
+            _overload_registry[f.__module__][f.__qualname__][
+                f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            ] = func
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Not a normal function; ignore.
+            pass
+        return _overload_dummy
+
+    def get_overloads(func):
+        """Return all defined overloads for *func* as a sequence."""
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        if f.__module__ not in _overload_registry:
+            return []
+        mod_dict = _overload_registry[f.__module__]
+        if f.__qualname__ not in mod_dict:
+            return []
+        return list(mod_dict[f.__qualname__].values())
+
+    def clear_overloads():
+        """Clear all overloads in the registry."""
+        _overload_registry.clear()
+
+
+# This is not a real generic class.  Don't use outside annotations.
+Type = typing.Type
+
+# Various ABCs mimicking those in collections.abc.
+# A few are simply re-exported for completeness.
+
+
+Awaitable = typing.Awaitable
+Coroutine = typing.Coroutine
+AsyncIterable = typing.AsyncIterable
+AsyncIterator = typing.AsyncIterator
+Deque = typing.Deque
+ContextManager = typing.ContextManager
+AsyncContextManager = typing.AsyncContextManager
+DefaultDict = typing.DefaultDict
+
+# 3.7.2+
+if hasattr(typing, 'OrderedDict'):
+    OrderedDict = typing.OrderedDict
+# 3.7.0-3.7.2
+else:
+    OrderedDict = typing._alias(collections.OrderedDict, (KT, VT))
+
+Counter = typing.Counter
+ChainMap = typing.ChainMap
+AsyncGenerator = typing.AsyncGenerator
+Text = typing.Text
+TYPE_CHECKING = typing.TYPE_CHECKING
+
+
+_PROTO_ALLOWLIST = {
+    'collections.abc': [
+        'Callable', 'Awaitable', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'AsyncIterable',
+        'Hashable', 'Sized', 'Container', 'Collection', 'Reversible', 'Buffer',
+    ],
+    'contextlib': ['AbstractContextManager', 'AbstractAsyncContextManager'],
+    'typing_extensions': ['Buffer'],
+}
+
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = {
+    "__abstractmethods__", "__annotations__", "__weakref__", "_is_protocol",
+    "_is_runtime_protocol", "__dict__", "__slots__", "__parameters__",
+    "__orig_bases__", "__module__", "_MutableMapping__marker", "__doc__",
+    "__subclasshook__", "__orig_class__", "__init__", "__new__",
+    "__protocol_attrs__", "__callable_proto_members_only__",
+}
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    _EXCLUDED_ATTRS |= {
+        "_gorg", "__next_in_mro__", "__extra__", "__tree_hash__", "__args__",
+        "__origin__"
+    }
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    _EXCLUDED_ATTRS.add("__class_getitem__")
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    _EXCLUDED_ATTRS.add("__type_params__")
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = frozenset(_EXCLUDED_ATTRS)
+
+
+def _get_protocol_attrs(cls):
+    attrs = set()
+    for base in cls.__mro__[:-1]:  # without object
+        if base.__name__ in {'Protocol', 'Generic'}:
+            continue
+        annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+        for attr in (*base.__dict__, *annotations):
+            if (not attr.startswith('_abc_') and attr not in _EXCLUDED_ATTRS):
+                attrs.add(attr)
+    return attrs
+
+
+def _maybe_adjust_parameters(cls):
+    """Helper function used in Protocol.__init_subclass__ and _TypedDictMeta.__new__.
+
+    The contents of this function are very similar
+    to logic found in typing.Generic.__init_subclass__
+    on the CPython main branch.
+    """
+    tvars = []
+    if '__orig_bases__' in cls.__dict__:
+        tvars = _collect_type_vars(cls.__orig_bases__)
+        # Look for Generic[T1, ..., Tn] or Protocol[T1, ..., Tn].
+        # If found, tvars must be a subset of it.
+        # If not found, tvars is it.
+        # Also check for and reject plain Generic,
+        # and reject multiple Generic[...] and/or Protocol[...].
+        gvars = None
+        for base in cls.__orig_bases__:
+            if (isinstance(base, typing._GenericAlias) and
+                    base.__origin__ in (typing.Generic, Protocol)):
+                # for error messages
+                the_base = base.__origin__.__name__
+                if gvars is not None:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Cannot inherit from Generic[...]"
+                        " and/or Protocol[...] multiple types.")
+                gvars = base.__parameters__
+        if gvars is None:
+            gvars = tvars
+        else:
+            tvarset = set(tvars)
+            gvarset = set(gvars)
+            if not tvarset <= gvarset:
+                s_vars = ', '.join(str(t) for t in tvars if t not in gvarset)
+                s_args = ', '.join(str(g) for g in gvars)
+                raise TypeError(f"Some type variables ({s_vars}) are"
+                                f" not listed in {the_base}[{s_args}]")
+            tvars = gvars
+    cls.__parameters__ = tuple(tvars)
+
+
+def _caller(depth=2):
+    try:
+        return sys._getframe(depth).f_globals.get('__name__', '__main__')
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):  # For platforms without _getframe()
+        return None
+
+
+# The performance of runtime-checkable protocols is significantly improved on Python 3.12,
+# so we backport the 3.12 version of Protocol to Python <=3.11
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    Protocol = typing.Protocol
+else:
+    def _allow_reckless_class_checks(depth=3):
+        """Allow instance and class checks for special stdlib modules.
+        The abc and functools modules indiscriminately call isinstance() and
+        issubclass() on the whole MRO of a user class, which may contain protocols.
+        """
+        return _caller(depth) in {'abc', 'functools', None}
+
+    def _no_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if type(self)._is_protocol:
+            raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        # Inheriting from typing._ProtocolMeta isn't actually desirable,
+        # but is necessary to allow typing.Protocol and typing_extensions.Protocol
+        # to mix without getting TypeErrors about "metaclass conflict"
+        _typing_Protocol = typing.Protocol
+        _ProtocolMetaBase = type(_typing_Protocol)
+    else:
+        _typing_Protocol = _marker
+        _ProtocolMetaBase = abc.ABCMeta
+
+    class _ProtocolMeta(_ProtocolMetaBase):
+        # This metaclass is somewhat unfortunate,
+        # but is necessary for several reasons...
+        #
+        # NOTE: DO NOT call super() in any methods in this class
+        # That would call the methods on typing._ProtocolMeta on Python 3.8-3.11
+        # and those are slow
+        def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+            if name == "Protocol" and len(bases) < 2:
+                pass
+            elif {Protocol, _typing_Protocol} & set(bases):
+                for base in bases:
+                    if not (
+                        base in {object, typing.Generic, Protocol, _typing_Protocol}
+                        or base.__name__ in _PROTO_ALLOWLIST.get(base.__module__, [])
+                        or is_protocol(base)
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Protocols can only inherit from other protocols, "
+                            f"got {base!r}"
+                        )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+        def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            abc.ABCMeta.__init__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+            if getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                cls.__protocol_attrs__ = _get_protocol_attrs(cls)
+                # PEP 544 prohibits using issubclass()
+                # with protocols that have non-method members.
+                cls.__callable_proto_members_only__ = all(
+                    callable(getattr(cls, attr, None)) for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__
+                )
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+            if (
+                getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False)
+                and not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                if not isinstance(other, type):
+                    # Same error message as for issubclass(1, int).
+                    raise TypeError('issubclass() arg 1 must be a class')
+                if (
+                    not cls.__callable_proto_members_only__
+                    and cls.__dict__.get("__subclasshook__") is _proto_hook
+                ):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
+                    )
+                if not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Instance and class checks can only be used with "
+                        "@runtime_checkable protocols"
+                    )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+
+        def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+            # We need this method for situations where attributes are
+            # assigned in __init__.
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+            if not getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                # i.e., it's a concrete subclass of a protocol
+                return abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+
+            if (
+                not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False) and
+                not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                raise TypeError("Instance and class checks can only be used with"
+                                " @runtime_checkable protocols")
+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+                return True
+
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    val = inspect.getattr_static(instance, attr)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    break
+                if val is None and callable(getattr(cls, attr, None)):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return True
+
+            return False
+
+        def __eq__(cls, other):
+            # Hack so that typing.Generic.__class_getitem__
+            # treats typing_extensions.Protocol
+            # as equivalent to typing.Protocol on Python 3.8+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__eq__(cls, other) is True:
+                return True
+            return (
+                cls is Protocol and other is getattr(typing, "Protocol", object())
+            )
+
+        # This has to be defined, or the abc-module cache
+        # complains about classes with this metaclass being unhashable,
+        # if we define only __eq__!
+        def __hash__(cls) -> int:
+            return type.__hash__(cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _proto_hook(cls, other):
+        if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+            for base in other.__mro__:
+                # Check if the members appears in the class dictionary...
+                if attr in base.__dict__:
+                    if base.__dict__[attr] is None:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    break
+
+                # ...or in annotations, if it is a sub-protocol.
+                annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+                if (
+                    isinstance(annotations, collections.abc.Mapping)
+                    and attr in annotations
+                    and is_protocol(other)
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        return True
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        class Protocol(typing.Generic, metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+            __doc__ = typing.Protocol.__doc__
+            __slots__ = ()
+            _is_protocol = True
+            _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+                if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+                    cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+                # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+                if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                    cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+                # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+                if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                    cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+    else:
+        class Protocol(metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+            # There is quite a lot of overlapping code with typing.Generic.
+            # Unfortunately it is hard to avoid this on Python <3.8,
+            # as the typing module on Python 3.7 doesn't let us subclass typing.Generic!
+            """Base class for protocol classes. Protocol classes are defined as::
+
+                class Proto(Protocol):
+                    def meth(self) -> int:
+                        ...
+
+            Such classes are primarily used with static type checkers that recognize
+            structural subtyping (static duck-typing), for example::
+
+                class C:
+                    def meth(self) -> int:
+                        return 0
+
+                def func(x: Proto) -> int:
+                    return x.meth()
+
+                func(C())  # Passes static type check
+
+            See PEP 544 for details. Protocol classes decorated with
+            @typing_extensions.runtime_checkable act
+            as simple-minded runtime-checkable protocols that check
+            only the presence of given attributes, ignoring their type signatures.
+
+            Protocol classes can be generic, they are defined as::
+
+                class GenProto(Protocol[T]):
+                    def meth(self) -> T:
+                        ...
+            """
+            __slots__ = ()
+            _is_protocol = True
+            _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+                if cls is Protocol:
+                    raise TypeError("Type Protocol cannot be instantiated; "
+                                    "it can only be used as a base class")
+                return super().__new__(cls)
+
+            @typing._tp_cache
+            def __class_getitem__(cls, params):
+                if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+                    params = (params,)
+                if not params and cls is not typing.Tuple:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Parameter list to {cls.__qualname__}[...] cannot be empty")
+                msg = "Parameters to generic types must be types."
+                params = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in params)
+                if cls is Protocol:
+                    # Generic can only be subscripted with unique type variables.
+                    if not all(isinstance(p, typing.TypeVar) for p in params):
+                        i = 0
+                        while isinstance(params[i], typing.TypeVar):
+                            i += 1
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            "Parameters to Protocol[...] must all be type variables."
+                            f" Parameter {i + 1} is {params[i]}")
+                    if len(set(params)) != len(params):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            "Parameters to Protocol[...] must all be unique")
+                else:
+                    # Subscripting a regular Generic subclass.
+                    _check_generic(cls, params, len(cls.__parameters__))
+                return typing._GenericAlias(cls, params)
+
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                if '__orig_bases__' in cls.__dict__:
+                    error = typing.Generic in cls.__orig_bases__
+                else:
+                    error = typing.Generic in cls.__bases__
+                if error:
+                    raise TypeError("Cannot inherit from plain Generic")
+                _maybe_adjust_parameters(cls)
+
+                # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+                if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', None):
+                    cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+                # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+                if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                    cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+                # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+                if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                    cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    runtime_checkable = typing.runtime_checkable
+else:
+    def runtime_checkable(cls):
+        """Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol, so that it
+        can be used with isinstance() and issubclass(). Raise TypeError
+        if applied to a non-protocol class.
+
+        This allows a simple-minded structural check very similar to the
+        one-offs in collections.abc such as Hashable.
+        """
+        if not (
+            (isinstance(cls, _ProtocolMeta) or issubclass(cls, typing.Generic))
+            and getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError('@runtime_checkable can be only applied to protocol classes,'
+                            f' got {cls!r}')
+        cls._is_runtime_protocol = True
+        return cls
+
+
+# Exists for backwards compatibility.
+runtime = runtime_checkable
+
+
+# Our version of runtime-checkable protocols is faster on Python 3.7-3.11
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    SupportsInt = typing.SupportsInt
+    SupportsFloat = typing.SupportsFloat
+    SupportsComplex = typing.SupportsComplex
+    SupportsBytes = typing.SupportsBytes
+    SupportsIndex = typing.SupportsIndex
+    SupportsAbs = typing.SupportsAbs
+    SupportsRound = typing.SupportsRound
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsInt(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __int__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __int__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsFloat(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __float__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __float__(self) -> float:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsComplex(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __complex__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __complex__(self) -> complex:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsBytes(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __bytes__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsIndex(Protocol):
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __index__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsAbs(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __abs__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __abs__(self) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsRound(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __round__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+
+def _ensure_subclassable(mro_entries):
+    def inner(func):
+        if sys.implementation.name == "pypy" and sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+            cls_dict = {
+                "__call__": staticmethod(func),
+                "__mro_entries__": staticmethod(mro_entries)
+            }
+            t = type(func.__name__, (), cls_dict)
+            return functools.update_wrapper(t(), func)
+        else:
+            func.__mro_entries__ = mro_entries
+            return func
+    return inner
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.8 does not store runtime information
+    # about which (if any) keys are optional.  See https://bugs.python.org/issue38834
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.9.0/1 does not honour the "total"
+    # keyword with old-style TypedDict().  See https://bugs.python.org/issue42059
+    # The standard library TypedDict below Python 3.11 does not store runtime
+    # information about optional and required keys when using Required or NotRequired.
+    # Generic TypedDicts are also impossible using typing.TypedDict on Python <3.11.
+    # Aaaand on 3.12 we add __orig_bases__ to TypedDict
+    # to enable better runtime introspection.
+    # On 3.13 we deprecate some odd ways of creating TypedDicts.
+    TypedDict = typing.TypedDict
+    _TypedDictMeta = typing._TypedDictMeta
+    is_typeddict = typing.is_typeddict
+else:
+    # 3.10.0 and later
+    _TAKES_MODULE = "module" in inspect.signature(typing._type_check).parameters
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        _fake_name = "Protocol"
+    else:
+        _fake_name = "_Protocol"
+
+    class _TypedDictMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, total=True):
+            """Create new typed dict class object.
+
+            This method is called when TypedDict is subclassed,
+            or when TypedDict is instantiated. This way
+            TypedDict supports all three syntax forms described in its docstring.
+            Subclasses and instances of TypedDict return actual dictionaries.
+            """
+            for base in bases:
+                if type(base) is not _TypedDictMeta and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError('cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type '
+                                    'and a non-TypedDict base class')
+
+            if any(issubclass(b, typing.Generic) for b in bases):
+                generic_base = (typing.Generic,)
+            else:
+                generic_base = ()
+
+            # typing.py generally doesn't let you inherit from plain Generic, unless
+            # the name of the class happens to be "Protocol" (or "_Protocol" on 3.7).
+            tp_dict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, _fake_name, (*generic_base, dict), ns)
+            tp_dict.__name__ = name
+            if tp_dict.__qualname__ == _fake_name:
+                tp_dict.__qualname__ = name
+
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__orig_bases__'):
+                tp_dict.__orig_bases__ = bases
+
+            annotations = {}
+            own_annotations = ns.get('__annotations__', {})
+            msg = "TypedDict('Name', {f0: t0, f1: t1, ...}); each t must be a type"
+            if _TAKES_MODULE:
+                own_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                own_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            required_keys = set()
+            optional_keys = set()
+
+            for base in bases:
+                annotations.update(base.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {}))
+                required_keys.update(base.__dict__.get('__required_keys__', ()))
+                optional_keys.update(base.__dict__.get('__optional_keys__', ()))
+
+            annotations.update(own_annotations)
+            for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_annotations.items():
+                annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+                if annotation_origin is Annotated:
+                    annotation_args = get_args(annotation_type)
+                    if annotation_args:
+                        annotation_type = annotation_args[0]
+                        annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+
+                if annotation_origin is Required:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif annotation_origin is NotRequired:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif total:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+
+            tp_dict.__annotations__ = annotations
+            tp_dict.__required_keys__ = frozenset(required_keys)
+            tp_dict.__optional_keys__ = frozenset(optional_keys)
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__total__'):
+                tp_dict.__total__ = total
+            return tp_dict
+
+        __call__ = dict  # static method
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            # Typed dicts are only for static structural subtyping.
+            raise TypeError('TypedDict does not support instance and class checks')
+
+        __instancecheck__ = __subclasscheck__
+
+    _TypedDict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, 'TypedDict', (), {})
+
+    @_ensure_subclassable(lambda bases: (_TypedDict,))
+    def TypedDict(__typename, __fields=_marker, *, total=True, **kwargs):
+        """A simple typed namespace. At runtime it is equivalent to a plain dict.
+
+        TypedDict creates a dictionary type such that a type checker will expect all
+        instances to have a certain set of keys, where each key is
+        associated with a value of a consistent type. This expectation
+        is not checked at runtime.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+                label: str
+
+            a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'}  # OK
+            b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'}           # Fails type check
+
+            assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')
+
+        The type info can be accessed via the Point2D.__annotations__ dict, and
+        the Point2D.__required_keys__ and Point2D.__optional_keys__ frozensets.
+        TypedDict supports an additional equivalent form::
+
+            Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
+
+        By default, all keys must be present in a TypedDict. It is possible
+        to override this by specifying totality::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+
+        This means that a Point2D TypedDict can have any of the keys omitted. A type
+        checker is only expected to support a literal False or True as the value of
+        the total argument. True is the default, and makes all items defined in the
+        class body be required.
+
+        The Required and NotRequired special forms can also be used to mark
+        individual keys as being required or not required::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int  # the "x" key must always be present (Required is the default)
+                y: NotRequired[int]  # the "y" key can be omitted
+
+        See PEP 655 for more details on Required and NotRequired.
+        """
+        if __fields is _marker or __fields is None:
+            if __fields is _marker:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+
+            example = f"`{__typename} = TypedDict({__typename!r}, {{}})`"
+            deprecation_msg = (
+                f"{deprecated_thing} is deprecated and will be disallowed in "
+                "Python 3.15. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
+                "using the functional syntax, pass an empty dictionary, e.g. "
+            ) + example + "."
+            warnings.warn(deprecation_msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            __fields = kwargs
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("TypedDict takes either a dict or keyword arguments,"
+                            " but not both")
+        if kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The kwargs-based syntax for TypedDict definitions is deprecated "
+                "in Python 3.11, will be removed in Python 3.13, and may not be "
+                "understood by third-party type checkers.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        ns = {'__annotations__': dict(__fields)}
+        module = _caller()
+        if module is not None:
+            # Setting correct module is necessary to make typed dict classes pickleable.
+            ns['__module__'] = module
+
+        td = _TypedDictMeta(__typename, (), ns, total=total)
+        td.__orig_bases__ = (TypedDict,)
+        return td
+
+    if hasattr(typing, "_TypedDictMeta"):
+        _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (typing._TypedDictMeta, _TypedDictMeta)
+    else:
+        _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (_TypedDictMeta,)
+
+    def is_typeddict(tp):
+        """Check if an annotation is a TypedDict class
+
+        For example::
+            class Film(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: int
+
+            is_typeddict(Film)  # => True
+            is_typeddict(Union[list, str])  # => False
+        """
+        # On 3.8, this would otherwise return True
+        if hasattr(typing, "TypedDict") and tp is typing.TypedDict:
+            return False
+        return isinstance(tp, _TYPEDDICT_TYPES)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_type"):
+    assert_type = typing.assert_type
+
+else:
+    def assert_type(__val, __typ):
+        """Assert (to the type checker) that the value is of the given type.
+
+        When the type checker encounters a call to assert_type(), it
+        emits an error if the value is not of the specified type::
+
+            def greet(name: str) -> None:
+                assert_type(name, str)  # ok
+                assert_type(name, int)  # type checker error
+
+        At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged and otherwise
+        does nothing.
+        """
+        return __val
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Required"):
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+else:
+    # replaces _strip_annotations()
+    def _strip_extras(t):
+        """Strips Annotated, Required and NotRequired from a given type."""
+        if isinstance(t, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__origin__)
+        if hasattr(t, "__origin__") and t.__origin__ in (Required, NotRequired):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__args__[0])
+        if isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return t.copy_with(stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") and isinstance(t, _types.GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return _types.GenericAlias(t.__origin__, stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "UnionType") and isinstance(t, _types.UnionType):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, stripped_args)
+
+        return t
+
+    def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
+        """Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]', 'Required[T]' or 'NotRequired[T]' with 'T'
+        (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        if hasattr(typing, "Annotated"):
+            hint = typing.get_type_hints(
+                obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_extras=True
+            )
+        else:
+            hint = typing.get_type_hints(obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+        if include_extras:
+            return hint
+        return {k: _strip_extras(t) for k, t in hint.items()}
+
+
+# Python 3.9+ has PEP 593 (Annotated)
+if hasattr(typing, 'Annotated'):
+    Annotated = typing.Annotated
+    # Not exported and not a public API, but needed for get_origin() and get_args()
+    # to work.
+    _AnnotatedAlias = typing._AnnotatedAlias
+# 3.7-3.8
+else:
+    class _AnnotatedAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        """Runtime representation of an annotated type.
+
+        At its core 'Annotated[t, dec1, dec2, ...]' is an alias for the type 't'
+        with extra annotations. The alias behaves like a normal typing alias,
+        instantiating is the same as instantiating the underlying type, binding
+        it to types is also the same.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin, metadata):
+            if isinstance(origin, _AnnotatedAlias):
+                metadata = origin.__metadata__ + metadata
+                origin = origin.__origin__
+            super().__init__(origin, origin)
+            self.__metadata__ = metadata
+
+        def copy_with(self, params):
+            assert len(params) == 1
+            new_type = params[0]
+            return _AnnotatedAlias(new_type, self.__metadata__)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return (f"typing_extensions.Annotated[{typing._type_repr(self.__origin__)}, "
+                    f"{', '.join(repr(a) for a in self.__metadata__)}]")
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return operator.getitem, (
+                Annotated, (self.__origin__,) + self.__metadata__
+            )
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _AnnotatedAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            if self.__origin__ != other.__origin__:
+                return False
+            return self.__metadata__ == other.__metadata__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__metadata__))
+
+    class Annotated:
+        """Add context specific metadata to a type.
+
+        Example: Annotated[int, runtime_check.Unsigned] indicates to the
+        hypothetical runtime_check module that this type is an unsigned int.
+        Every other consumer of this type can ignore this metadata and treat
+        this type as int.
+
+        The first argument to Annotated must be a valid type (and will be in
+        the __origin__ field), the remaining arguments are kept as a tuple in
+        the __extra__ field.
+
+        Details:
+
+        - It's an error to call `Annotated` with less than two arguments.
+        - Nested Annotated are flattened::
+
+            Annotated[Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2], Ann3] == Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2, Ann3]
+
+        - Instantiating an annotated type is equivalent to instantiating the
+        underlying type::
+
+            Annotated[C, Ann1](5) == C(5)
+
+        - Annotated can be used as a generic type alias::
+
+            Optimized = Annotated[T, runtime.Optimize()]
+            Optimized[int] == Annotated[int, runtime.Optimize()]
+
+            OptimizedList = Annotated[List[T], runtime.Optimize()]
+            OptimizedList[int] == Annotated[List[int], runtime.Optimize()]
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError("Type Annotated cannot be instantiated.")
+
+        @typing._tp_cache
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, params):
+            if not isinstance(params, tuple) or len(params) < 2:
+                raise TypeError("Annotated[...] should be used "
+                                "with at least two arguments (a type and an "
+                                "annotation).")
+            allowed_special_forms = (ClassVar, Final)
+            if get_origin(params[0]) in allowed_special_forms:
+                origin = params[0]
+            else:
+                msg = "Annotated[t, ...]: t must be a type."
+                origin = typing._type_check(params[0], msg)
+            metadata = tuple(params[1:])
+            return _AnnotatedAlias(origin, metadata)
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Cannot subclass {cls.__module__}.Annotated"
+            )
+
+# Python 3.8 has get_origin() and get_args() but those implementations aren't
+# Annotated-aware, so we can't use those. Python 3.9's versions don't support
+# ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs, so only Python 3.10's versions will do.
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+    get_origin = typing.get_origin
+    get_args = typing.get_args
+# 3.7-3.9
+else:
+    try:
+        # 3.9+
+        from typing import _BaseGenericAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        _BaseGenericAlias = typing._GenericAlias
+    try:
+        # 3.9+
+        from typing import GenericAlias as _typing_GenericAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        _typing_GenericAlias = typing._GenericAlias
+
+    def get_origin(tp):
+        """Get the unsubscripted version of a type.
+
+        This supports generic types, Callable, Tuple, Union, Literal, Final, ClassVar
+        and Annotated. Return None for unsupported types. Examples::
+
+            get_origin(Literal[42]) is Literal
+            get_origin(int) is None
+            get_origin(ClassVar[int]) is ClassVar
+            get_origin(Generic) is Generic
+            get_origin(Generic[T]) is Generic
+            get_origin(Union[T, int]) is Union
+            get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]) == list
+            get_origin(P.args) is P
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return Annotated
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _typing_GenericAlias, _BaseGenericAlias,
+                           ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs)):
+            return tp.__origin__
+        if tp is typing.Generic:
+            return typing.Generic
+        return None
+
+    def get_args(tp):
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return (tp.__origin__,) + tp.__metadata__
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _typing_GenericAlias)):
+            if getattr(tp, "_special", False):
+                return ()
+            res = tp.__args__
+            if get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return ()
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeAlias'):
+    TypeAlias = typing.TypeAlias
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeAlias(self, parameters):
+        """Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example above.
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+# 3.7-3.8
+else:
+    TypeAlias = _ExtensionsSpecialForm(
+        'TypeAlias',
+        doc="""Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example
+        above."""
+    )
+
+
+def _set_default(type_param, default):
+    if isinstance(default, (tuple, list)):
+        type_param.__default__ = tuple((typing._type_check(d, "Default must be a type")
+                                        for d in default))
+    elif default != _marker:
+        type_param.__default__ = typing._type_check(default, "Default must be a type")
+    else:
+        type_param.__default__ = None
+
+
+def _set_module(typevarlike):
+    # for pickling:
+    def_mod = _caller(depth=3)
+    if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+        typevarlike.__module__ = def_mod
+
+
+class _DefaultMixin:
+    """Mixin for TypeVarLike defaults."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __init__ = _set_default
+
+
+# Classes using this metaclass must provide a _backported_typevarlike ClassVar
+class _TypeVarLikeMeta(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, __instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(__instance, cls._backported_typevarlike)
+
+
+# Add default and infer_variance parameters from PEP 696 and 695
+class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+    """Type variable."""
+
+    _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVar
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, *constraints, bound=None,
+                covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                default=_marker, infer_variance=False):
+        if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+            # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+            typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                     covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant,
+                                     infer_variance=infer_variance)
+        else:
+            typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                     covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant)
+            if infer_variance and (covariant or contravariant):
+                raise ValueError("Variance cannot be specified with infer_variance.")
+            typevar.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+        _set_default(typevar, default)
+        _set_module(typevar)
+        return typevar
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+
+# Python 3.10+ has PEP 612
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpecArgs'):
+    ParamSpecArgs = typing.ParamSpecArgs
+    ParamSpecKwargs = typing.ParamSpecKwargs
+# 3.7-3.9
+else:
+    class _Immutable:
+        """Mixin to indicate that object should not be copied."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __copy__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+            return self
+
+    class ParamSpecArgs(_Immutable):
+        """The args for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.args is an instance of ParamSpecArgs.
+
+        ParamSpecArgs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.args.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.args"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecArgs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+    class ParamSpecKwargs(_Immutable):
+        """The kwargs for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.kwargs is an instance of ParamSpecKwargs.
+
+        ParamSpecKwargs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.kwargs.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.kwargs"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecKwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpec'):
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Parameter specification."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.ParamSpec
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    infer_variance=False, default=_marker):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant,
+                                             infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant)
+                paramspec.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(paramspec, default)
+            _set_module(paramspec)
+            return paramspec
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+# 3.7-3.9
+else:
+
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class ParamSpec(list, _DefaultMixin):
+        """Parameter specification variable.
+
+        Usage::
+
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+        Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static
+        type checkers.  They are used to forward the parameter types of one
+        callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in higher order
+        functions and decorators.  They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``,
+        or s the first argument to ``Callable``. In Python 3.10 and higher,
+        they are also supported in user-defined Generics at runtime.
+        See class Generic for more information on generic types.  An
+        example for annotating a decorator::
+
+           T = TypeVar('T')
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+           def add_logging(f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
+               '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''
+               def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+                   logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')
+                   return f(*args, **kwargs)
+               return inner
+
+           @add_logging
+           def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:
+               '''Add two numbers together.'''
+               return x + y
+
+        Parameter specification variables defined with covariant=True or
+        contravariant=True can be used to declare covariant or contravariant
+        generic types.  These keyword arguments are valid, but their actual semantics
+        are yet to be decided.  See PEP 612 for details.
+
+        Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.:
+
+           P.__name__ == 'T'
+           P.__bound__ == None
+           P.__covariant__ == False
+           P.__contravariant__ == False
+
+        Note that only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can
+        be pickled.
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def args(self):
+            return ParamSpecArgs(self)
+
+        @property
+        def kwargs(self):
+            return ParamSpecKwargs(self)
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, bound=None, covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                     infer_variance=False, default=_marker):
+            super().__init__([self])
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__covariant__ = bool(covariant)
+            self.__contravariant__ = bool(contravariant)
+            self.__infer_variance__ = bool(infer_variance)
+            if bound:
+                self.__bound__ = typing._type_check(bound, 'Bound must be a type.')
+            else:
+                self.__bound__ = None
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self.__infer_variance__:
+                prefix = ''
+            elif self.__covariant__:
+                prefix = '+'
+            elif self.__contravariant__:
+                prefix = '-'
+            else:
+                prefix = '~'
+            return prefix + self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+
+# 3.7-3.9
+if not hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(list):
+
+        # Trick Generic into looking into this for __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing._GenericAlias
+
+        # Flag in 3.8.
+        _special = False
+
+        def __init__(self, origin, args):
+            super().__init__(args)
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+            self.__args__ = args
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            _type_repr = typing._type_repr
+            return (f'{_type_repr(self.__origin__)}'
+                    f'[{", ".join(_type_repr(arg) for arg in self.__args__)}]')
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__args__))
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass in Generic.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @property
+        def __parameters__(self):
+            return tuple(
+                tp for tp in self.__args__ if isinstance(tp, (typing.TypeVar, ParamSpec))
+            )
+
+
+# 3.7-3.9
+@typing._tp_cache
+def _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters):
+    if parameters == ():
+        raise TypeError("Cannot take a Concatenate of no types.")
+    if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+        parameters = (parameters,)
+    if not isinstance(parameters[-1], ParamSpec):
+        raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable.")
+    msg = "Concatenate[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type."
+    parameters = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in parameters)
+    return _ConcatenateGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    Concatenate = typing.Concatenate
+    _ConcatenateGenericAlias = typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias  # noqa: F811
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Concatenate(self, parameters):
+        """Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """
+        return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+# 3.7-8
+else:
+    class _ConcatenateForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+
+    Concatenate = _ConcatenateForm(
+        'Concatenate',
+        doc="""Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """)
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeGuard'):
+    TypeGuard = typing.TypeGuard
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeGuard(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+# 3.7-3.8
+else:
+    class _TypeGuardForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    TypeGuard = _TypeGuardForm(
+        'TypeGuard',
+        doc="""Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """)
+
+
+# Vendored from cpython typing._SpecialFrom
+class _SpecialForm(typing._Final, _root=True):
+    __slots__ = ('_name', '__doc__', '_getitem')
+
+    def __init__(self, getitem):
+        self._getitem = getitem
+        self._name = getitem.__name__
+        self.__doc__ = getitem.__doc__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in {'__name__', '__qualname__'}:
+            return self._name
+
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot subclass {self!r}")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'typing_extensions.{self._name}'
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot instantiate {self!r}")
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with isinstance()")
+
+    def __subclasscheck__(self, cls):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with issubclass()")
+
+    @typing._tp_cache
+    def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+        return self._getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "LiteralString"):
+    LiteralString = typing.LiteralString
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def LiteralString(self, params):
+        """Represents an arbitrary literal string.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import LiteralString
+
+          def query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...:
+              ...
+
+          query("SELECT * FROM table")  # ok
+          query(f"SELECT * FROM {input()}")  # not ok
+
+        See PEP 675 for details.
+
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Self"):
+    Self = typing.Self
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Self(self, params):
+        """Used to spell the type of "self" in classes.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing import Self
+
+          class ReturnsSelf:
+              def parse(self, data: bytes) -> Self:
+                  ...
+                  return self
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Never"):
+    Never = typing.Never
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Never(self, params):
+        """The bottom type, a type that has no members.
+
+        This can be used to define a function that should never be
+        called, or a function that never returns::
+
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Never
+
+            def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                never_call_me(arg)  # type checker error
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        never_call_me(arg)  # ok, arg is of type Never
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Required'):
+    Required = typing.Required
+    NotRequired = typing.NotRequired
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Required(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def NotRequired(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+else:
+    class _RequiredForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Required = _RequiredForm(
+        'Required',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """)
+    NotRequired = _RequiredForm(
+        'NotRequired',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """)
+
+
+_UNPACK_DOC = """\
+Type unpack operator.
+
+The type unpack operator takes the child types from some container type,
+such as `tuple[int, str]` or a `TypeVarTuple`, and 'pulls them out'. For
+example:
+
+  # For some generic class `Foo`:
+  Foo[Unpack[tuple[int, str]]]  # Equivalent to Foo[int, str]
+
+  Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+  # Specifies that `Bar` is generic in an arbitrary number of types.
+  # (Think of `Ts` as a tuple of an arbitrary number of individual
+  #  `TypeVar`s, which the `Unpack` is 'pulling out' directly into the
+  #  `Generic[]`.)
+  class Bar(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): ...
+  Bar[int]  # Valid
+  Bar[int, str]  # Also valid
+
+From Python 3.11, this can also be done using the `*` operator:
+
+    Foo[*tuple[int, str]]
+    class Bar(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+The operator can also be used along with a `TypedDict` to annotate
+`**kwargs` in a function signature. For instance:
+
+  class Movie(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    year: int
+
+  # This function expects two keyword arguments - *name* of type `str` and
+  # *year* of type `int`.
+  def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ...
+
+Note that there is only some runtime checking of this operator. Not
+everything the runtime allows may be accepted by static type checkers.
+
+For more information, see PEP 646 and PEP 692.
+"""
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # PEP 692 changed the repr of Unpack[]
+    Unpack = typing.Unpack
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return get_origin(obj) is Unpack
+
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    class _UnpackSpecialForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, getitem):
+            super().__init__(getitem)
+            self.__doc__ = _UNPACK_DOC
+
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+    @_UnpackSpecialForm
+    def Unpack(self, parameters):
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+else:
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+    class _UnpackForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Unpack = _UnpackForm('Unpack', doc=_UNPACK_DOC)
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):  # 3.11+
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable tuple."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVarTuple
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, default=_marker):
+            tvt = typing.TypeVarTuple(name)
+            _set_default(tvt, default)
+            _set_module(tvt)
+            return tvt
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+else:
+    class TypeVarTuple(_DefaultMixin):
+        """Type variable tuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+
+        In the same way that a normal type variable is a stand-in for a single
+        type such as ``int``, a type variable *tuple* is a stand-in for a *tuple*
+        type such as ``Tuple[int, str]``.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used in ``Generic`` declarations.
+        Consider the following example::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+        The ``Ts`` type variable tuple here behaves like ``tuple[T1, T2]``,
+        where ``T1`` and ``T2`` are type variables. To use these type variables
+        as type parameters of ``Array``, we must *unpack* the type variable tuple using
+        the star operator: ``*Ts``. The signature of ``Array`` then behaves
+        as if we had simply written ``class Array(Generic[T1, T2]): ...``.
+        In contrast to ``Generic[T1, T2]``, however, ``Generic[*Shape]`` allows
+        us to parameterise the class with an *arbitrary* number of type parameters.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used anywhere a normal ``TypeVar`` can.
+        This includes class definitions, as shown above, as well as function
+        signatures and variable annotations::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]):
+
+                def __init__(self, shape: Tuple[*Ts]):
+                    self._shape: Tuple[*Ts] = shape
+
+                def get_shape(self) -> Tuple[*Ts]:
+                    return self._shape
+
+            shape = (Height(480), Width(640))
+            x: Array[Height, Width] = Array(shape)
+            y = abs(x)  # Inferred type is Array[Height, Width]
+            z = x + x   #        ...    is Array[Height, Width]
+            x.get_shape()  #     ...    is tuple[Height, Width]
+
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            yield self.__unpacked__
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, default=_marker):
+            self.__name__ = name
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+            self.__unpacked__ = Unpack[self]
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if '_root' not in kwds:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "reveal_type"):
+    reveal_type = typing.reveal_type
+else:
+    def reveal_type(__obj: T) -> T:
+        """Reveal the inferred type of a variable.
+
+        When a static type checker encounters a call to ``reveal_type()``,
+        it will emit the inferred type of the argument::
+
+            x: int = 1
+            reveal_type(x)
+
+        Running a static type checker (e.g., ``mypy``) on this example
+        will produce output similar to 'Revealed type is "builtins.int"'.
+
+        At runtime, the function prints the runtime type of the
+        argument and returns it unchanged.
+
+        """
+        print(f"Runtime type is {type(__obj).__name__!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return __obj
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_never"):
+    assert_never = typing.assert_never
+else:
+    def assert_never(__arg: Never) -> Never:
+        """Assert to the type checker that a line of code is unreachable.
+
+        Example::
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(arg)
+
+        If a type checker finds that a call to assert_never() is
+        reachable, it will emit an error.
+
+        At runtime, this throws an exception when called.
+
+        """
+        raise AssertionError("Expected code to be unreachable")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    # dataclass_transform exists in 3.11 but lacks the frozen_default parameter
+    dataclass_transform = typing.dataclass_transform
+else:
+    def dataclass_transform(
+        *,
+        eq_default: bool = True,
+        order_default: bool = False,
+        kw_only_default: bool = False,
+        frozen_default: bool = False,
+        field_specifiers: typing.Tuple[
+            typing.Union[typing.Type[typing.Any], typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]],
+            ...
+        ] = (),
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[T], T]:
+        """Decorator that marks a function, class, or metaclass as providing
+        dataclass-like behavior.
+
+        Example:
+
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+            _T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+            # Used on a decorator function
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            def create_model(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+                ...
+                return cls
+
+            @create_model
+            class CustomerModel:
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a base class
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelBase: ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a metaclass
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelMeta(type): ...
+
+            class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+        Each of the ``CustomerModel`` classes defined in this example will now
+        behave similarly to a dataclass created with the ``@dataclasses.dataclass``
+        decorator. For example, the type checker will synthesize an ``__init__``
+        method.
+
+        The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior:
+        - ``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be
+          True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``frozen_default`` indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes
+          or functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``.
+
+        At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the
+        ``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+
+        See PEP 681 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(cls_or_fn):
+            cls_or_fn.__dataclass_transform__ = {
+                "eq_default": eq_default,
+                "order_default": order_default,
+                "kw_only_default": kw_only_default,
+                "frozen_default": frozen_default,
+                "field_specifiers": field_specifiers,
+                "kwargs": kwargs,
+            }
+            return cls_or_fn
+        return decorator
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "override"):
+    override = typing.override
+else:
+    _F = typing.TypeVar("_F", bound=typing.Callable[..., typing.Any])
+
+    def override(__arg: _F) -> _F:
+        """Indicate that a method is intended to override a method in a base class.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            class Base:
+                def method(self) -> None: ...
+                    pass
+
+            class Child(Base):
+                @override
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    super().method()
+
+        When this decorator is applied to a method, the type checker will
+        validate that it overrides a method with the same name on a base class.
+        This helps prevent bugs that may occur when a base class is changed
+        without an equivalent change to a child class.
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+
+        See PEP 698 for details.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            __arg.__override__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return __arg
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "deprecated"):
+    deprecated = typing.deprecated
+else:
+    _T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+    def deprecated(
+        __msg: str,
+        *,
+        category: typing.Optional[typing.Type[Warning]] = DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel: int = 1,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[_T], _T]:
+        """Indicate that a class, function or overload is deprecated.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            @deprecated("Use B instead")
+            class A:
+                pass
+
+            @deprecated("Use g instead")
+            def f():
+                pass
+
+            @overload
+            @deprecated("int support is deprecated")
+            def g(x: int) -> int: ...
+            @overload
+            def g(x: str) -> int: ...
+
+        When this decorator is applied to an object, the type checker
+        will generate a diagnostic on usage of the deprecated object.
+
+        The warning specified by ``category`` will be emitted on use
+        of deprecated objects. For functions, that happens on calls;
+        for classes, on instantiation. If the ``category`` is ``None``,
+        no warning is emitted. The ``stacklevel`` determines where the
+        warning is emitted. If it is ``1`` (the default), the warning
+        is emitted at the direct caller of the deprecated object; if it
+        is higher, it is emitted further up the stack.
+
+        The decorator sets the ``__deprecated__``
+        attribute on the decorated object to the deprecation message
+        passed to the decorator. If applied to an overload, the decorator
+        must be after the ``@overload`` decorator for the attribute to
+        exist on the overload as returned by ``get_overloads()``.
+
+        See PEP 702 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(__arg: _T) -> _T:
+            if category is None:
+                __arg.__deprecated__ = __msg
+                return __arg
+            elif isinstance(__arg, type):
+                original_new = __arg.__new__
+                has_init = __arg.__init__ is not object.__init__
+
+                @functools.wraps(original_new)
+                def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(__msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    if original_new is not object.__new__:
+                        return original_new(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                    # Mirrors a similar check in object.__new__.
+                    elif not has_init and (args or kwargs):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{cls.__name__}() takes no arguments")
+                    else:
+                        return original_new(cls)
+
+                __arg.__new__ = staticmethod(__new__)
+                __arg.__deprecated__ = __new__.__deprecated__ = __msg
+                return __arg
+            elif callable(__arg):
+                @functools.wraps(__arg)
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(__msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    return __arg(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                __arg.__deprecated__ = wrapper.__deprecated__ = __msg
+                return wrapper
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "@deprecated decorator with non-None category must be applied to "
+                    f"a class or callable, not {__arg!r}"
+                )
+
+        return decorator
+
+
+# We have to do some monkey patching to deal with the dual nature of
+# Unpack/TypeVarTuple:
+# - We want Unpack to be a kind of TypeVar so it gets accepted in
+#   Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+# - We want it to *not* be treated as a TypeVar for the purposes of
+#   counting generic parameters, so that when we subscript a generic,
+#   the runtime doesn't try to substitute the Unpack with the subscripted type.
+if not hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):
+    typing._collect_type_vars = _collect_type_vars
+    typing._check_generic = _check_generic
+
+
+# Backport typing.NamedTuple as it exists in Python 3.12.
+# In 3.11, the ability to define generic `NamedTuple`s was supported.
+# This was explicitly disallowed in 3.9-3.10, and only half-worked in <=3.8.
+# On 3.12, we added __orig_bases__ to call-based NamedTuples
+# On 3.13, we deprecated kwargs-based NamedTuples
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    NamedTuple = typing.NamedTuple
+else:
+    def _make_nmtuple(name, types, module, defaults=()):
+        fields = [n for n, t in types]
+        annotations = {n: typing._type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
+                       for n, t in types}
+        nm_tpl = collections.namedtuple(name, fields,
+                                        defaults=defaults, module=module)
+        nm_tpl.__annotations__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotations__ = annotations
+        # The `_field_types` attribute was removed in 3.9;
+        # in earlier versions, it is the same as the `__annotations__` attribute
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+            nm_tpl._field_types = annotations
+        return nm_tpl
+
+    _prohibited_namedtuple_fields = typing._prohibited
+    _special_namedtuple_fields = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__'})
+
+    class _NamedTupleMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
+            assert _NamedTuple in bases
+            for base in bases:
+                if base is not _NamedTuple and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic')
+            bases = tuple(tuple if base is _NamedTuple else base for base in bases)
+            types = ns.get('__annotations__', {})
+            default_names = []
+            for field_name in types:
+                if field_name in ns:
+                    default_names.append(field_name)
+                elif default_names:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Non-default namedtuple field {field_name} "
+                                    f"cannot follow default field"
+                                    f"{'s' if len(default_names) > 1 else ''} "
+                                    f"{', '.join(default_names)}")
+            nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(
+                typename, types.items(),
+                defaults=[ns[n] for n in default_names],
+                module=ns['__module__']
+            )
+            nm_tpl.__bases__ = bases
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                if hasattr(typing, '_generic_class_getitem'):  # 3.12+
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(typing._generic_class_getitem)
+                else:
+                    class_getitem = typing.Generic.__class_getitem__.__func__
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(class_getitem)
+            # update from user namespace without overriding special namedtuple attributes
+            for key in ns:
+                if key in _prohibited_namedtuple_fields:
+                    raise AttributeError("Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute " + key)
+                elif key not in _special_namedtuple_fields and key not in nm_tpl._fields:
+                    setattr(nm_tpl, key, ns[key])
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                nm_tpl.__init_subclass__()
+            return nm_tpl
+
+    _NamedTuple = type.__new__(_NamedTupleMeta, 'NamedTuple', (), {})
+
+    def _namedtuple_mro_entries(bases):
+        assert NamedTuple in bases
+        return (_NamedTuple,)
+
+    @_ensure_subclassable(_namedtuple_mro_entries)
+    def NamedTuple(__typename, __fields=_marker, **kwargs):
+        """Typed version of namedtuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Employee(NamedTuple):
+                name: str
+                id: int
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])
+
+        The resulting class has an extra __annotations__ attribute, giving a
+        dict that maps field names to types.  (The field names are also in
+        the _fields attribute, which is part of the namedtuple API.)
+        An alternative equivalent functional syntax is also accepted::
+
+            Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
+        """
+        if __fields is _marker:
+            if kwargs:
+                deprecated_thing = "Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "Use the class-based or functional syntax instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{__typename} = NamedTuple({__typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif __fields is None:
+            if kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Cannot pass `None` as the 'fields' parameter "
+                    "and also specify fields using keyword arguments"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{__typename} = NamedTuple({__typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("Either list of fields or keywords"
+                            " can be provided to NamedTuple, not both")
+        if __fields is _marker or __fields is None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                deprecation_msg.format(name=deprecated_thing, remove="3.15"),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            __fields = kwargs.items()
+        nt = _make_nmtuple(__typename, __fields, module=_caller())
+        nt.__orig_bases__ = (NamedTuple,)
+        return nt
+
+    # On 3.8+, alter the signature so that it matches typing.NamedTuple.
+    # The signature of typing.NamedTuple on >=3.8 is invalid syntax in Python 3.7,
+    # so just leave the signature as it is on 3.7.
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        _new_signature = '(typename, fields=None, /, **kwargs)'
+        if isinstance(NamedTuple, _types.FunctionType):
+            NamedTuple.__text_signature__ = _new_signature
+        else:
+            NamedTuple.__call__.__text_signature__ = _new_signature
+
+
+if hasattr(collections.abc, "Buffer"):
+    Buffer = collections.abc.Buffer
+else:
+    class Buffer(abc.ABC):
+        """Base class for classes that implement the buffer protocol.
+
+        The buffer protocol allows Python objects to expose a low-level
+        memory buffer interface. Before Python 3.12, it is not possible
+        to implement the buffer protocol in pure Python code, or even
+        to check whether a class implements the buffer protocol. In
+        Python 3.12 and higher, the ``__buffer__`` method allows access
+        to the buffer protocol from Python code, and the
+        ``collections.abc.Buffer`` ABC allows checking whether a class
+        implements the buffer protocol.
+
+        To indicate support for the buffer protocol in earlier versions,
+        inherit from this ABC, either in a stub file or at runtime,
+        or use ABC registration. This ABC provides no methods, because
+        there is no Python-accessible methods shared by pre-3.12 buffer
+        classes. It is useful primarily for static checks.
+
+        """
+
+    # As a courtesy, register the most common stdlib buffer classes.
+    Buffer.register(memoryview)
+    Buffer.register(bytearray)
+    Buffer.register(bytes)
+
+
+# Backport of types.get_original_bases, available on 3.12+ in CPython
+if hasattr(_types, "get_original_bases"):
+    get_original_bases = _types.get_original_bases
+else:
+    def get_original_bases(__cls):
+        """Return the class's "original" bases prior to modification by `__mro_entries__`.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            from typing import TypeVar, Generic
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            class Foo(Generic[T]): ...
+            class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...
+            class Baz(list[str]): ...
+            Eggs = NamedTuple("Eggs", [("a", int), ("b", str)])
+            Spam = TypedDict("Spam", {"a": int, "b": str})
+
+            assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)
+            assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)
+            assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)
+            assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)
+            assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)
+        """
+        try:
+            return __cls.__orig_bases__
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                return __cls.__bases__
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'Expected an instance of type, not {type(__cls).__name__!r}'
+                ) from None
+
+
+# NewType is a class on Python 3.10+, making it pickleable
+# The error message for subclassing instances of NewType was improved on 3.11+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    NewType = typing.NewType
+else:
+    class NewType:
+        """NewType creates simple unique types with almost zero
+        runtime overhead. NewType(name, tp) is considered a subtype of tp
+        by static type checkers. At runtime, NewType(name, tp) returns
+        a dummy callable that simply returns its argument. Usage::
+            UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
+            def name_by_id(user_id: UserId) -> str:
+                ...
+            UserId('user')          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(42)          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(UserId(42))  # OK
+            num = UserId(5) + 1     # type: int
+        """
+
+        def __call__(self, obj):
+            return obj
+
+        def __init__(self, name, tp):
+            self.__qualname__ = name
+            if '.' in name:
+                name = name.rpartition('.')[-1]
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__supertype__ = tp
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            # We defined __mro_entries__ to get a better error message
+            # if a user attempts to subclass a NewType instance. bpo-46170
+            supercls_name = self.__name__
+
+            class Dummy:
+                def __init_subclass__(cls):
+                    subcls_name = cls.__name__
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot subclass an instance of NewType. "
+                        f"Perhaps you were looking for: "
+                        f"`{subcls_name} = NewType({subcls_name!r}, {supercls_name})`"
+                    )
+
+            return (Dummy,)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f'{self.__module__}.{self.__qualname__}'
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__qualname__
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            # PEP 604 methods
+            # It doesn't make sense to have these methods on Python <3.10
+
+            def __or__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+            def __ror__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+    TypeAliasType = typing.TypeAliasType
+else:
+    def _is_unionable(obj):
+        """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+        return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+            type,
+            _types.GenericAlias,
+            _types.UnionType,
+            TypeAliasType,
+        ))
+
+    class TypeAliasType:
+        """Create named, parameterized type aliases.
+
+        This provides a backport of the new `type` statement in Python 3.12:
+
+            type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]
+
+        is equivalent to:
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            ListOrSet = TypeAliasType("ListOrSet", list[T] | set[T], type_params=(T,))
+
+        The name ListOrSet can then be used as an alias for the type it refers to.
+
+        The type_params argument should contain all the type parameters used
+        in the value of the type alias. If the alias is not generic, this
+        argument is omitted.
+
+        Static type checkers should only support type aliases declared using
+        TypeAliasType that follow these rules:
+
+        - The first argument (the name) must be a string literal.
+        - The TypeAliasType instance must be immediately assigned to a variable
+          of the same name. (For example, 'X = TypeAliasType("Y", int)' is invalid,
+          as is 'X, Y = TypeAliasType("X", int), TypeAliasType("Y", int)').
+
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, value, *, type_params=()):
+            if not isinstance(name, str):
+                raise TypeError("TypeAliasType name must be a string")
+            self.__value__ = value
+            self.__type_params__ = type_params
+
+            parameters = []
+            for type_param in type_params:
+                if isinstance(type_param, TypeVarTuple):
+                    parameters.extend(type_param)
+                else:
+                    parameters.append(type_param)
+            self.__parameters__ = tuple(parameters)
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+            # Setting this attribute closes the TypeAliasType from further modification
+            self.__name__ = name
+
+        def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: object) -> None:
+            if hasattr(self, "__name__"):
+                self._raise_attribute_error(__name)
+            super().__setattr__(__name, __value)
+
+        def __delattr__(self, __name: str) -> Never:
+            self._raise_attribute_error(__name)
+
+        def _raise_attribute_error(self, name: str) -> Never:
+            # Match the Python 3.12 error messages exactly
+            if name == "__name__":
+                raise AttributeError("readonly attribute")
+            elif name in {"__value__", "__type_params__", "__parameters__", "__module__"}:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"attribute '{name}' of 'typing.TypeAliasType' objects "
+                    "is not writable"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"'typing.TypeAliasType' object has no attribute '{name}'"
+                )
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+            parameters = [
+                typing._type_check(
+                    item, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                )
+                for item in parameters
+            ]
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, tuple(parameters))
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "type 'typing_extensions.TypeAliasType' is not an acceptable base type"
+            )
+
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that TypeAliasTypes are types.
+        def __call__(self):
+            raise TypeError("Type alias is not callable")
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def __or__(self, right):
+                # For forward compatibility with 3.12, reject Unions
+                # that are not accepted by the built-in Union.
+                if not _is_unionable(right):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[self, right]
+
+            def __ror__(self, left):
+                if not _is_unionable(left):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[left, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "is_protocol"):
+    is_protocol = typing.is_protocol
+    get_protocol_members = typing.get_protocol_members
+else:
+    def is_protocol(__tp: type) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the given type is a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, is_protocol
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> is_protocol(P)
+            True
+            >>> is_protocol(int)
+            False
+        """
+        return (
+            isinstance(__tp, type)
+            and getattr(__tp, '_is_protocol', False)
+            and __tp is not Protocol
+            and __tp is not getattr(typing, "Protocol", object())
+        )
+
+    def get_protocol_members(__tp: type) -> typing.FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Return the set of members defined in a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, get_protocol_members
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> get_protocol_members(P)
+            frozenset({'a', 'b'})
+
+        Raise a TypeError for arguments that are not Protocols.
+        """
+        if not is_protocol(__tp):
+            raise TypeError(f'{__tp!r} is not a Protocol')
+        if hasattr(__tp, '__protocol_attrs__'):
+            return frozenset(__tp.__protocol_attrs__)
+        return frozenset(_get_protocol_attrs(__tp))
+
+
+# Aliases for items that have always been in typing.
+# Explicitly assign these (rather than using `from typing import *` at the top),
+# so that we get a CI error if one of these is deleted from typing.py
+# in a future version of Python
+AbstractSet = typing.AbstractSet
+AnyStr = typing.AnyStr
+BinaryIO = typing.BinaryIO
+Callable = typing.Callable
+Collection = typing.Collection
+Container = typing.Container
+Dict = typing.Dict
+ForwardRef = typing.ForwardRef
+FrozenSet = typing.FrozenSet
+Generator = typing.Generator
+Generic = typing.Generic
+Hashable = typing.Hashable
+IO = typing.IO
+ItemsView = typing.ItemsView
+Iterable = typing.Iterable
+Iterator = typing.Iterator
+KeysView = typing.KeysView
+List = typing.List
+Mapping = typing.Mapping
+MappingView = typing.MappingView
+Match = typing.Match
+MutableMapping = typing.MutableMapping
+MutableSequence = typing.MutableSequence
+MutableSet = typing.MutableSet
+Optional = typing.Optional
+Pattern = typing.Pattern
+Reversible = typing.Reversible
+Sequence = typing.Sequence
+Set = typing.Set
+Sized = typing.Sized
+TextIO = typing.TextIO
+Tuple = typing.Tuple
+Union = typing.Union
+ValuesView = typing.ValuesView
+cast = typing.cast
+no_type_check = typing.no_type_check
+no_type_check_decorator = typing.no_type_check_decorator
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fa382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""
+Python HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, user friendly, and more
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+import warnings
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import exceptions
+from ._version import __version__
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, connection_from_url
+from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from .poolmanager import PoolManager, ProxyManager, proxy_from_url
+from .response import HTTPResponse
+from .util.request import make_headers
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.timeout import Timeout
+from .util.url import get_host
+
+# === NOTE TO REPACKAGERS AND VENDORS ===
+# Please delete this block, this logic is only
+# for urllib3 being distributed via PyPI.
+# See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680
+try:
+    import urllib3_secure_extra  # type: ignore # noqa: F401
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    warnings.warn(
+        "'urllib3[secure]' extra is deprecated and will be removed "
+        "in a future release of urllib3 2.x. Read more in this issue: "
+        "https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
+        category=DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+__author__ = "Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+__version__ = __version__
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HTTPConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPSConnectionPool",
+    "PoolManager",
+    "ProxyManager",
+    "HTTPResponse",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "add_stderr_logger",
+    "connection_from_url",
+    "disable_warnings",
+    "encode_multipart_formdata",
+    "get_host",
+    "make_headers",
+    "proxy_from_url",
+)
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+
+def add_stderr_logger(level=logging.DEBUG):
+    """
+    Helper for quickly adding a StreamHandler to the logger. Useful for
+    debugging.
+
+    Returns the handler after adding it.
+    """
+    # This method needs to be in this __init__.py to get the __name__ correct
+    # even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s"))
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.setLevel(level)
+    logger.debug("Added a stderr logging handler to logger: %s", __name__)
+    return handler
+
+
+# ... Clean up.
+del NullHandler
+
+
+# All warning filters *must* be appended unless you're really certain that they
+# shouldn't be: otherwise, it's very hard for users to use most Python
+# mechanisms to silence them.
+# SecurityWarning's always go off by default.
+warnings.simplefilter("always", exceptions.SecurityWarning, append=True)
+# SubjectAltNameWarning's should go off once per host
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SubjectAltNameWarning, append=True)
+# InsecurePlatformWarning's don't vary between requests, so we keep it default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.InsecurePlatformWarning, append=True)
+# SNIMissingWarnings should go off only once.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SNIMissingWarning, append=True)
+
+
+def disable_warnings(category=exceptions.HTTPWarning):
+    """
+    Helper for quickly disabling all urllib3 warnings.
+    """
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bceb845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
+try:
+    from threading import RLock
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: No threads available
+
+    class RLock:
+        def __enter__(self):
+            pass
+
+        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+            pass
+
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six import iterkeys, itervalues
+
+__all__ = ["RecentlyUsedContainer", "HTTPHeaderDict"]
+
+
+_Null = object()
+
+
+class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
+    ``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
+    ``maxsize``.
+
+    :param maxsize:
+        Maximum number of recent elements to retain.
+
+    :param dispose_func:
+        Every time an item is evicted from the container,
+        ``dispose_func(value)`` is called.  Callback which will get called
+    """
+
+    ContainerCls = OrderedDict
+
+    def __init__(self, maxsize=10, dispose_func=None):
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+        self.dispose_func = dispose_func
+
+        self._container = self.ContainerCls()
+        self.lock = RLock()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
+        with self.lock:
+            item = self._container.pop(key)
+            self._container[key] = item
+            return item
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        evicted_value = _Null
+        with self.lock:
+            # Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
+            evicted_value = self._container.get(key, _Null)
+            self._container[key] = value
+
+            # If we didn't evict an existing value, we might have to evict the
+            # least recently used item from the beginning of the container.
+            if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
+                _key, evicted_value = self._container.popitem(last=False)
+
+        if self.dispose_func and evicted_value is not _Null:
+            self.dispose_func(evicted_value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        with self.lock:
+            value = self._container.pop(key)
+
+        if self.dispose_func:
+            self.dispose_func(value)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            return len(self._container)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe."
+        )
+
+    def clear(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            # Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
+            values = list(itervalues(self._container))
+            self._container.clear()
+
+        if self.dispose_func:
+            for value in values:
+                self.dispose_func(value)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            return list(iterkeys(self._container))
+
+
+class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    :param headers:
+        An iterable of field-value pairs. Must not contain multiple field names
+        when compared case-insensitively.
+
+    :param kwargs:
+        Additional field-value pairs to pass in to ``dict.update``.
+
+    A ``dict`` like container for storing HTTP Headers.
+
+    Field names are stored and compared case-insensitively in compliance with
+    RFC 7230. Iteration provides the first case-sensitive key seen for each
+    case-insensitive pair.
+
+    Using ``__setitem__`` syntax overwrites fields that compare equal
+    case-insensitively in order to maintain ``dict``'s api. For fields that
+    compare equal, instead create a new ``HTTPHeaderDict`` and use ``.add``
+    in a loop.
+
+    If multiple fields that are equal case-insensitively are passed to the
+    constructor or ``.update``, the behavior is undefined and some will be
+    lost.
+
+    >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
+    >>> headers.add('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar')
+    >>> headers.add('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')
+    >>> headers['content-length'] = '7'
+    >>> headers['SET-cookie']
+    'foo=bar, baz=quxx'
+    >>> headers['Content-Length']
+    '7'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers=None, **kwargs):
+        super(HTTPHeaderDict, self).__init__()
+        self._container = OrderedDict()
+        if headers is not None:
+            if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+                self._copy_from(headers)
+            else:
+                self.extend(headers)
+        if kwargs:
+            self.extend(kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
+        self._container[key.lower()] = [key, val]
+        return self._container[key.lower()]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        val = self._container[key.lower()]
+        return ", ".join(val[1:])
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._container[key.lower()]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key.lower() in self._container
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping) and not hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            return False
+        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = type(self)(other)
+        return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in self.itermerged()) == dict(
+            (k.lower(), v) for k, v in other.itermerged()
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2
+        iterkeys = MutableMapping.iterkeys
+        itervalues = MutableMapping.itervalues
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._container)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Only provide the originally cased names
+        for vals in self._container.values():
+            yield vals[0]
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+        """D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+        """
+        # Using the MutableMapping function directly fails due to the private marker.
+        # Using ordinary dict.pop would expose the internal structures.
+        # So let's reinvent the wheel.
+        try:
+            value = self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise
+            return default
+        else:
+            del self[key]
+            return value
+
+    def discard(self, key):
+        try:
+            del self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def add(self, key, val):
+        """Adds a (name, value) pair, doesn't overwrite the value if it already
+        exists.
+
+        >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict(foo='bar')
+        >>> headers.add('Foo', 'baz')
+        >>> headers['foo']
+        'bar, baz'
+        """
+        key_lower = key.lower()
+        new_vals = [key, val]
+        # Keep the common case aka no item present as fast as possible
+        vals = self._container.setdefault(key_lower, new_vals)
+        if new_vals is not vals:
+            vals.append(val)
+
+    def extend(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Generic import function for any type of header-like object.
+        Adapted version of MutableMapping.update in order to insert items
+        with self.add instead of self.__setitem__
+        """
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "extend() takes at most 1 positional "
+                "arguments ({0} given)".format(len(args))
+            )
+        other = args[0] if len(args) >= 1 else ()
+
+        if isinstance(other, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            for key, val in other.iteritems():
+                self.add(key, val)
+        elif isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            for key in other:
+                self.add(key, other[key])
+        elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            for key in other.keys():
+                self.add(key, other[key])
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self.add(key, value)
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def getlist(self, key, default=__marker):
+        """Returns a list of all the values for the named field. Returns an
+        empty list if the key doesn't exist."""
+        try:
+            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                return []
+            return default
+        else:
+            return vals[1:]
+
+    def _prepare_for_method_change(self):
+        """
+        Remove content-specific header fields before changing the request
+        method to GET or HEAD according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.
+        """
+        content_specific_headers = [
+            "Content-Encoding",
+            "Content-Language",
+            "Content-Location",
+            "Content-Type",
+            "Content-Length",
+            "Digest",
+            "Last-Modified",
+        ]
+        for header in content_specific_headers:
+            self.discard(header)
+        return self
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for httplib
+    getheaders = getlist
+    getallmatchingheaders = getlist
+    iget = getlist
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
+    get_all = getlist
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%s)" % (type(self).__name__, dict(self.itermerged()))
+
+    def _copy_from(self, other):
+        for key in other:
+            val = other.getlist(key)
+            if isinstance(val, list):
+                # Don't need to convert tuples
+                val = list(val)
+            self._container[key.lower()] = [key] + val
+
+    def copy(self):
+        clone = type(self)()
+        clone._copy_from(self)
+        return clone
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        """Iterate over all header lines, including duplicate ones."""
+        for key in self:
+            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
+            for val in vals[1:]:
+                yield vals[0], val
+
+    def itermerged(self):
+        """Iterate over all headers, merging duplicate ones together."""
+        for key in self:
+            val = self._container[key.lower()]
+            yield val[0], ", ".join(val[1:])
+
+    def items(self):
+        return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_httplib(cls, message):  # Python 2
+        """Read headers from a Python 2 httplib message object."""
+        # python2.7 does not expose a proper API for exporting multiheaders
+        # efficiently. This function re-reads raw lines from the message
+        # object and extracts the multiheaders properly.
+        obs_fold_continued_leaders = (" ", "\t")
+        headers = []
+
+        for line in message.headers:
+            if line.startswith(obs_fold_continued_leaders):
+                if not headers:
+                    # We received a header line that starts with OWS as described
+                    # in RFC-7230 S3.2.4. This indicates a multiline header, but
+                    # there exists no previous header to which we can attach it.
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Header continuation with no previous header: %s" % line
+                    )
+                else:
+                    key, value = headers[-1]
+                    headers[-1] = (key, value + " " + line.strip())
+                    continue
+
+            key, value = line.split(":", 1)
+            headers.append((key, value.strip()))
+
+        return cls(headers)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad75fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# This file is protected via CODEOWNERS
+__version__ = "1.26.17"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54b96b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import warnings
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException  # noqa: F401
+from .util.proxy import create_proxy_ssl_context
+
+try:  # Compiled with SSL?
+    import ssl
+
+    BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # Platform-specific: No SSL.
+    ssl = None
+
+    class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    # Python 3: not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
+    ConnectionError = ConnectionError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2
+    class ConnectionError(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+try:  # Python 3:
+    # Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
+    BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
+except NameError:  # Python 2:
+
+    class BrokenPipeError(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict  # noqa (historical, removed in v2)
+from ._version import __version__
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+    SystemTimeWarning,
+)
+from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection
+from .util.ssl_ import (
+    assert_fingerprint,
+    create_urllib3_context,
+    is_ipaddress,
+    resolve_cert_reqs,
+    resolve_ssl_version,
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
+)
+from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
+
+# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
+# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
+RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2022, 1, 1)
+
+_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
+    """
+    Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
+    backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.
+
+    Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
+    Accepted parameters include:
+
+    - ``strict``: See the documentation on :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
+    - ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
+    - ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
+      defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
+      Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.
+
+      For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
+      you might pass:
+
+      .. code-block:: python
+
+         HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
+             (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
+         ]
+
+      Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
+    """
+
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]
+
+    #: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
+    #: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
+    default_socket_options = [(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]
+
+    #: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
+    is_verified = False
+
+    #: Whether this proxy connection (if used) verifies the proxy host's
+    #: certificate.
+    proxy_is_verified = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        if not six.PY2:
+            kw.pop("strict", None)
+
+        # Pre-set source_address.
+        self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")
+
+        #: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
+        #: provided, we use the default options.
+        self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)
+
+        # Proxy options provided by the user.
+        self.proxy = kw.pop("proxy", None)
+        self.proxy_config = kw.pop("proxy_config", None)
+
+        _HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        """
+        Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.
+
+        In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
+        fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
+        checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
+        servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.
+
+        However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
+        lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
+        whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
+        list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
+        those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
+        actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
+        """
+        return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")
+
+    @host.setter
+    def host(self, value):
+        """
+        Setter for the `host` property.
+
+        We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
+        only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
+        """
+        self._dns_host = value
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
+
+        :return: New socket connection.
+        """
+        extra_kw = {}
+        if self.source_address:
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
+
+        if self.socket_options:
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
+
+        try:
+            conn = connection.create_connection(
+                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
+            )
+
+        except SocketTimeout:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
+
+        except SocketError as e:
+            raise NewConnectionError(
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+    def _is_using_tunnel(self):
+        # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
+        return getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None)
+
+    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
+        self.sock = conn
+        if self._is_using_tunnel():
+            # TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
+            self._tunnel()
+            # Mark this connection as not reusable
+            self.auto_open = 0
+
+    def connect(self):
+        conn = self._new_conn()
+        self._prepare_conn(conn)
+
+    def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
+        """ """
+        # Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
+        # is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
+        match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
+        if match:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Method cannot contain non-token characters %r (found at least %r)"
+                % (method, match.group())
+            )
+
+        return _HTTPConnection.putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def putheader(self, header, *values):
+        """ """
+        if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
+            _HTTPConnection.putheader(self, header, *values)
+        elif six.ensure_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '%s'"
+                % ("', '".join(map(str.title, sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS))),)
+            )
+
+    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        # Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
+        # This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
+        if getattr(self, "sock", None) is not None:
+            self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        else:
+            # Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request()
+            headers = headers.copy()
+        if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers):
+            headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent()
+        super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
+
+    def request_chunked(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        """
+        Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
+        body with chunked encoding and not as one block
+        """
+        headers = headers or {}
+        header_keys = set([six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers])
+        skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
+        skip_host = "host" in header_keys
+        self.putrequest(
+            method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
+        )
+        if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
+            self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
+        for header, value in headers.items():
+            self.putheader(header, value)
+        if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
+            self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
+        self.endheaders()
+
+        if body is not None:
+            stringish_types = six.string_types + (bytes,)
+            if isinstance(body, stringish_types):
+                body = (body,)
+            for chunk in body:
+                if not chunk:
+                    continue
+                if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
+                    chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
+                len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
+                to_send = bytearray(len_str.encode())
+                to_send += b"\r\n"
+                to_send += chunk
+                to_send += b"\r\n"
+                self.send(to_send)
+
+        # After the if clause, to always have a closed body
+        self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+
+
+class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    """
+    Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
+    socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
+    """
+
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]
+
+    cert_reqs = None
+    ca_certs = None
+    ca_cert_dir = None
+    ca_cert_data = None
+    ssl_version = None
+    assert_fingerprint = None
+    tls_in_tls_required = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        strict=None,
+        timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        ssl_context=None,
+        server_hostname=None,
+        **kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self.server_hostname = server_hostname
+
+        # Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
+        # HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
+        self._protocol = "https"
+
+    def set_cert(
+        self,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        ca_cert_data=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
+        """
+        # If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
+        # have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
+        if cert_reqs is None:
+            if self.ssl_context is not None:
+                cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
+            else:
+                cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
+        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
+        self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
+        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
+        self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data
+
+    def connect(self):
+        # Add certificate verification
+        self.sock = conn = self._new_conn()
+        hostname = self.host
+        tls_in_tls = False
+
+        if self._is_using_tunnel():
+            if self.tls_in_tls_required:
+                self.sock = conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
+                tls_in_tls = True
+
+            # Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
+            # self._tunnel_host below.
+            self._tunnel()
+            # Mark this connection as not reusable
+            self.auto_open = 0
+
+            # Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
+            hostname = self._tunnel_host
+
+        server_hostname = hostname
+        if self.server_hostname is not None:
+            server_hostname = self.server_hostname
+
+        is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
+        if is_time_off:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
+                    "lead to SSL verification errors"
+                ).format(RECENT_DATE),
+                SystemTimeWarning,
+            )
+
+        # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
+        # trusted_root_certs
+        default_ssl_context = False
+        if self.ssl_context is None:
+            default_ssl_context = True
+            self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
+                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
+                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
+            )
+
+        context = self.ssl_context
+        context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)
+
+        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
+        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
+        if (
+            not self.ca_certs
+            and not self.ca_cert_dir
+            and not self.ca_cert_data
+            and default_ssl_context
+            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
+        ):
+            context.load_default_certs()
+
+        self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
+            sock=conn,
+            keyfile=self.key_file,
+            certfile=self.cert_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            ssl_context=context,
+            tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
+        )
+
+        # If we're using all defaults and the connection
+        # is TLSv1 or TLSv1.1 we throw a DeprecationWarning
+        # for the host.
+        if (
+            default_ssl_context
+            and self.ssl_version is None
+            and hasattr(self.sock, "version")
+            and self.sock.version() in {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1"}
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Negotiating TLSv1/TLSv1.1 by default is deprecated "
+                "and will be disabled in urllib3 v2.0.0. Connecting to "
+                "'%s' with '%s' can be enabled by explicitly opting-in "
+                "with 'ssl_version'" % (self.host, self.sock.version()),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+
+        if self.assert_fingerprint:
+            assert_fingerprint(
+                self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
+            )
+        elif (
+            context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
+            and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
+            and self.assert_hostname is not False
+        ):
+            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
+            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
+            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
+            cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+                )
+            _match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)
+
+        self.is_verified = (
+            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
+        )
+
+    def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname, conn):
+        """
+        Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
+        """
+        proxy_config = self.proxy_config
+        ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
+        if ssl_context:
+            # If the user provided a proxy context, we assume CA and client
+            # certificates have already been set
+            return ssl_wrap_socket(
+                sock=conn,
+                server_hostname=hostname,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            )
+
+        ssl_context = create_proxy_ssl_context(
+            self.ssl_version,
+            self.cert_reqs,
+            self.ca_certs,
+            self.ca_cert_dir,
+            self.ca_cert_data,
+        )
+
+        # If no cert was provided, use only the default options for server
+        # certificate validation
+        socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
+            sock=conn,
+            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
+            server_hostname=hostname,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+        )
+
+        if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE and not getattr(
+            ssl_context, "check_hostname", False
+        ):
+            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
+            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
+            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
+            cert = socket.getpeercert()
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+                )
+            _match_hostname(cert, hostname)
+
+        self.proxy_is_verified = ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        return socket
+
+
+def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
+    # Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
+    # only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
+    # match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
+    stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("u[]")
+    if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
+        asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname
+
+    try:
+        match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
+    except CertificateError as e:
+        log.warning(
+            "Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
+            asserted_hostname,
+            cert,
+        )
+        # Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
+        # the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
+        e._peer_cert = cert
+        raise
+
+
+def _get_default_user_agent():
+    return "python-urllib3/%s" % __version__
+
+
+class DummyConnection(object):
+    """Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+if not ssl:
+    HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection  # noqa: F811
+
+
+VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a6adcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import errno
+import logging
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+import warnings
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
+from .connection import (
+    BaseSSLError,
+    BrokenPipeError,
+    DummyConnection,
+    HTTPConnection,
+    HTTPException,
+    HTTPSConnection,
+    VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
+    port_by_scheme,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ClosedPoolError,
+    EmptyPoolError,
+    HeaderParsingError,
+    HostChangedError,
+    InsecureRequestWarning,
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    SSLError,
+    TimeoutError,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves import queue
+from .request import RequestMethods
+from .response import HTTPResponse
+from .util.connection import is_connection_dropped
+from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
+from .util.queue import LifoQueue
+from .util.request import set_file_position
+from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError
+from .util.timeout import Timeout
+from .util.url import Url, _encode_target
+from .util.url import _normalize_host as normalize_host
+from .util.url import get_host, parse_url
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    import weakref
+
+    weakref_finalize = weakref.finalize
+except AttributeError:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from .packages.backports.weakref_finalize import weakref_finalize
+
+xrange = six.moves.xrange
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_Default = object()
+
+
+# Pool objects
+class ConnectionPool(object):
+    """
+    Base class for all connection pools, such as
+    :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.
+
+    .. note::
+       ConnectionPool.urlopen() does not normalize or percent-encode target URIs
+       which is useful if your target server doesn't support percent-encoded
+       target URIs.
+    """
+
+    scheme = None
+    QueueCls = LifoQueue
+
+    def __init__(self, host, port=None):
+        if not host:
+            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
+
+        self.host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=self.scheme)
+        self._proxy_host = host.lower()
+        self.port = port
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.close()
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
+_blocking_errnos = {errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK}
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Thread-safe connection pool for one host.
+
+    :param host:
+        Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+    :param port:
+        Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
+        into :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+    :param strict:
+        Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
+        as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+        .. note::
+           Only works in Python 2. This parameter is ignored in Python 3.
+
+    :param timeout:
+        Socket timeout in seconds for each individual connection. This can
+        be a float or integer, which sets the timeout for the HTTP request,
+        or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` which gives you more
+        fine-grained control over request timeouts. After the constructor has
+        been parsed, this is always a `urllib3.util.Timeout` object.
+
+    :param maxsize:
+        Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
+        in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to False, more
+        connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
+        been used.
+
+    :param block:
+        If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
+        a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
+        until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
+        particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
+        than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+
+    :param retries:
+        Retry configuration to use by default with requests in this pool.
+
+    :param _proxy:
+        Parsed proxy URL, should not be used directly, instead, see
+        :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`
+
+    :param _proxy_headers:
+        A dictionary with proxy headers, should not be used directly,
+        instead, see :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`
+
+    :param \\**conn_kw:
+        Additional parameters are used to create fresh :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection`,
+        :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
+    """
+
+    scheme = "http"
+    ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
+    ResponseCls = HTTPResponse
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        _proxy_config=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+        ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+
+        self.strict = strict
+
+        if not isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            timeout = Timeout.from_float(timeout)
+
+        if retries is None:
+            retries = Retry.DEFAULT
+
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.retries = retries
+
+        self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
+        self.block = block
+
+        self.proxy = _proxy
+        self.proxy_headers = _proxy_headers or {}
+        self.proxy_config = _proxy_config
+
+        # Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
+        for _ in xrange(maxsize):
+            self.pool.put(None)
+
+        # These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
+        self.num_connections = 0
+        self.num_requests = 0
+        self.conn_kw = conn_kw
+
+        if self.proxy:
+            # Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
+            # We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
+            # list.
+            self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])
+
+            self.conn_kw["proxy"] = self.proxy
+            self.conn_kw["proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
+
+        # Do not pass 'self' as callback to 'finalize'.
+        # Then the 'finalize' would keep an endless living (leak) to self.
+        # By just passing a reference to the pool allows the garbage collector
+        # to free self if nobody else has a reference to it.
+        pool = self.pool
+
+        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool before the
+        # HTTPConnectionPool object is garbage collected.
+        weakref_finalize(self, _close_pool_connections, pool)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
+        """
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "80",
+        )
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
+        return conn
+
+    def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
+        """
+        Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.
+
+        If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
+        fresh connection is returned.
+
+        :param timeout:
+            Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
+            :class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
+            :prop:`.block` is ``True``.
+        """
+        conn = None
+        try:
+            conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)
+
+        except AttributeError:  # self.pool is None
+            raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")
+
+        except queue.Empty:
+            if self.block:
+                raise EmptyPoolError(
+                    self,
+                    "Pool reached maximum size and no more connections are allowed.",
+                )
+            pass  # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
+
+        # If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
+        if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
+            log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
+            conn.close()
+            if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
+                # This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
+                # http.client._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
+                # attempt to bypass the proxy)
+                conn = None
+
+        return conn or self._new_conn()
+
+    def _put_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Put a connection back into the pool.
+
+        :param conn:
+            Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
+            :meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.
+
+        If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
+        because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
+        then maxsize should be increased.
+
+        If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
+            return  # Everything is dandy, done.
+        except AttributeError:
+            # self.pool is None.
+            pass
+        except queue.Full:
+            # This should never happen if self.block == True
+            log.warning(
+                "Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s. Connection pool size: %s",
+                self.host,
+                self.pool.qsize(),
+            )
+        # Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
+        if conn:
+            conn.close()
+
+    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
+        # Nothing to do for HTTP connections.
+        pass
+
+    def _get_timeout(self, timeout):
+        """Helper that always returns a :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`"""
+        if timeout is _Default:
+            return self.timeout.clone()
+
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            return timeout.clone()
+        else:
+            # User passed us an int/float. This is for backwards compatibility,
+            # can be removed later
+            return Timeout.from_float(timeout)
+
+    def _raise_timeout(self, err, url, timeout_value):
+        """Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""
+
+        if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+        # See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
+        # to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
+        if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+        # Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
+        # case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
+        if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
+            err
+        ):  # Python < 2.7.4
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+    def _make_request(
+        self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
+        pool.
+
+        :param conn:
+            a connection from one of our connection pools
+
+        :param timeout:
+            Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
+            float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
+            the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
+            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
+            control over your timeouts.
+        """
+        self.num_requests += 1
+
+        timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
+        timeout_obj.start_connect()
+        conn.timeout = Timeout.resolve_default_timeout(timeout_obj.connect_timeout)
+
+        # Trigger any extra validation we need to do.
+        try:
+            self._validate_conn(conn)
+        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
+            # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout.
+            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
+            raise
+
+        # conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in
+        # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
+        try:
+            if chunked:
+                conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
+            else:
+                conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
+
+        # We are swallowing BrokenPipeError (errno.EPIPE) since the server is
+        # legitimately able to close the connection after sending a valid response.
+        # With this behaviour, the received response is still readable.
+        except BrokenPipeError:
+            # Python 3
+            pass
+        except IOError as e:
+            # Python 2 and macOS/Linux
+            # EPIPE and ESHUTDOWN are BrokenPipeError on Python 2, and EPROTOTYPE is needed on macOS
+            # https://erickt.github.io/blog/2014/11/19/adventures-in-debugging-a-potential-osx-kernel-bug/
+            if e.errno not in {
+                errno.EPIPE,
+                errno.ESHUTDOWN,
+                errno.EPROTOTYPE,
+            }:
+                raise
+
+        # Reset the timeout for the recv() on the socket
+        read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout
+
+        # App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
+        if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
+            # In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
+            # try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
+            # instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
+            # the exception and assuming all BadStatusLine exceptions are read
+            # timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
+            if read_timeout == 0:
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
+                )
+            if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
+            else:  # None or a value
+                conn.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)
+
+        # Receive the response from the server
+        try:
+            try:
+                # Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
+                httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
+            except TypeError:
+                # Python 3
+                try:
+                    httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
+                    # Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
+                    # Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
+                    six.raise_from(e, None)
+        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
+            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
+            raise
+
+        # AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
+        http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
+        log.debug(
+            '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
+            self.scheme,
+            self.host,
+            self.port,
+            method,
+            url,
+            http_version,
+            httplib_response.status,
+            httplib_response.length,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
+        except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+            log.warning(
+                "Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
+                self._absolute_url(url),
+                hpe,
+                exc_info=True,
+            )
+
+        return httplib_response
+
+    def _absolute_url(self, path):
+        return Url(scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port, path=path).url
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
+        """
+        if self.pool is None:
+            return
+        # Disable access to the pool
+        old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None
+
+        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool.
+        _close_pool_connections(old_pool)
+
+    def is_same_host(self, url):
+        """
+        Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
+        connection pool.
+        """
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            return True
+
+        # TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
+        scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
+        if host is not None:
+            host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=scheme)
+
+        # Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
+        if self.port and not port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
+        elif not self.port and port == port_by_scheme.get(scheme):
+            port = None
+
+        return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+        timeout=_Default,
+        pool_timeout=None,
+        release_conn=None,
+        chunked=False,
+        body_pos=None,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
+        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
+        the raw details.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
+           by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
+           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
+           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
+           breaking backwards compatibility.
+
+        :param method:
+            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
+
+        :param url:
+            The URL to perform the request on.
+
+        :param body:
+            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
+            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.
+
+        :param headers:
+            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
+            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
+            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
+
+        :param retries:
+            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
+            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
+
+            Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
+            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
+            over different types of retries.
+            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
+            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
+
+            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
+            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
+            the redirect response will be returned.
+
+        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
+
+        :param redirect:
+            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
+            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
+            will disable redirect, too.
+
+        :param assert_same_host:
+            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
+            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
+            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
+
+        :param timeout:
+            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
+            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
+            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
+
+        :param pool_timeout:
+            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
+            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
+            connection is available within the time period.
+
+        :param release_conn:
+            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
+            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
+            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
+            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
+            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
+            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
+            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
+            ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
+
+        :param chunked:
+            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
+            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
+            content-length form. Defaults to False.
+
+        :param int body_pos:
+            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
+            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
+            auto-populate the value when needed.
+
+        :param \\**response_kw:
+            Additional parameters are passed to
+            :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
+        """
+
+        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
+        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+
+        if release_conn is None:
+            release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)
+
+        # Check host
+        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
+            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
+
+        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url))
+        else:
+            url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url)
+
+        conn = None
+
+        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
+        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
+        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
+        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
+        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
+        #
+        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
+        #
+        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
+        release_this_conn = release_conn
+
+        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
+        )
+
+        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
+        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
+        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
+        if not http_tunnel_required:
+            headers = headers.copy()
+            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
+
+        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
+        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
+        err = None
+
+        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
+        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
+        clean_exit = False
+
+        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
+        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
+        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
+
+        try:
+            # Request a connection from the queue.
+            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
+            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
+
+            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
+
+            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
+                conn, "sock", None
+            )
+            if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required:
+                self._prepare_proxy(conn)
+
+            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
+            httplib_response = self._make_request(
+                conn,
+                method,
+                url,
+                timeout=timeout_obj,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
+
+            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
+            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
+            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
+            # mess.
+            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
+
+            # Pass method to Response for length checking
+            response_kw["request_method"] = method
+
+            # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
+            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
+                httplib_response,
+                pool=self,
+                connection=response_conn,
+                retries=retries,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+            # Everything went great!
+            clean_exit = True
+
+        except EmptyPoolError:
+            # Didn't get a connection from the pool, no need to clean up
+            clean_exit = True
+            release_this_conn = False
+            raise
+
+        except (
+            TimeoutError,
+            HTTPException,
+            SocketError,
+            ProtocolError,
+            BaseSSLError,
+            SSLError,
+            CertificateError,
+        ) as e:
+            # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
+            # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
+            clean_exit = False
+
+            def _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(ssl_error):
+                # We're trying to detect the message 'WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER' but
+                # SSLErrors are kinda all over the place when it comes to the message,
+                # so we try to cover our bases here!
+                message = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(ssl_error).lower()))
+                return (
+                    "wrong version number" in message or "unknown protocol" in message
+                )
+
+            # Try to detect a common user error with proxies which is to
+            # set an HTTP proxy to be HTTPS when it should be 'http://'
+            # (ie {'http': 'http://proxy', 'https': 'https://proxy'})
+            # Instead we add a nice error message and point to a URL.
+            if (
+                isinstance(e, BaseSSLError)
+                and self.proxy
+                and _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(e)
+                and conn.proxy
+                and conn.proxy.scheme == "https"
+            ):
+                e = ProxyError(
+                    "Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, "
+                    "try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#https-proxy-error-http-proxy",
+                    SSLError(e),
+                )
+            elif isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
+                e = SSLError(e)
+            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
+                e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
+            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
+                e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)
+
+            retries = retries.increment(
+                method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
+            )
+            retries.sleep()
+
+            # Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
+            err = e
+
+        finally:
+            if not clean_exit:
+                # We hit some kind of exception, handled or otherwise. We need
+                # to throw the connection away unless explicitly told not to.
+                # Close the connection, set the variable to None, and make sure
+                # we put the None back in the pool to avoid leaking it.
+                conn = conn and conn.close()
+                release_this_conn = True
+
+            if release_this_conn:
+                # Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
+                # expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
+                # fresh connection during _get_conn.
+                self._put_conn(conn)
+
+        if not conn:
+            # Try again
+            log.warning(
+                "Retrying (%r) after connection broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url
+            )
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries,
+                redirect,
+                assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        # Handle redirect?
+        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
+        if redirect_location:
+            if response.status == 303:
+                # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
+                method = "GET"
+                # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
+                body = None
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)._prepare_for_method_change()
+
+            try:
+                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
+            except MaxRetryError:
+                if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                    response.drain_conn()
+                    raise
+                return response
+
+            response.drain_conn()
+            retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
+            log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                redirect_location,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
+        has_retry_after = bool(response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+        if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
+            try:
+                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
+            except MaxRetryError:
+                if retries.raise_on_status:
+                    response.drain_conn()
+                    raise
+                return response
+
+            response.drain_conn()
+            retries.sleep(response)
+            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        return response
+
+
+class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
+    """
+    Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.
+
+    :class:`.HTTPSConnection` uses one of ``assert_fingerprint``,
+    ``assert_hostname`` and ``host`` in this order to verify connections.
+    If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.
+
+    The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs``,
+    ``ca_cert_dir``, ``ssl_version``, ``key_password`` are only used if :mod:`ssl`
+    is available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
+    the connection socket into an SSL socket.
+    """
+
+    scheme = "https"
+    ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        ssl_version=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
+            self,
+            host,
+            port,
+            strict,
+            timeout,
+            maxsize,
+            block,
+            headers,
+            retries,
+            _proxy,
+            _proxy_headers,
+            **conn_kw
+        )
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir
+        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
+        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
+        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
+
+    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Prepare the ``connection`` for :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`
+        and establish the tunnel if proxy is used.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
+            conn.set_cert(
+                key_file=self.key_file,
+                key_password=self.key_password,
+                cert_file=self.cert_file,
+                cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
+                ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+                ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+                assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
+                assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
+            )
+            conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
+        return conn
+
+    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
+        """
+        Establishes a tunnel connection through HTTP CONNECT.
+
+        Tunnel connection is established early because otherwise httplib would
+        improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
+        """
+
+        conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
+
+        if self.proxy.scheme == "https":
+            conn.tls_in_tls_required = True
+
+        conn.connect()
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Return a fresh :class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`.
+        """
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "443",
+        )
+
+        if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
+            raise SSLError(
+                "Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available."
+            )
+
+        actual_host = self.host
+        actual_port = self.port
+        if self.proxy is not None:
+            actual_host = self.proxy.host
+            actual_port = self.proxy.port
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=actual_host,
+            port=actual_port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            cert_file=self.cert_file,
+            key_file=self.key_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
+
+        return self._prepare_conn(conn)
+
+    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
+        """
+        super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)
+
+        # Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
+        if not getattr(conn, "sock", None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
+            conn.connect()
+
+        if not conn.is_verified:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host '%s'. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings" % conn.host
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
+
+        if getattr(conn, "proxy_is_verified", None) is False:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS connection done to an HTTPS proxy. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings"
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
+
+
+def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
+    """
+    Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.
+
+    This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
+    of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.
+
+    :param url:
+        Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.
+
+    :param \\**kw:
+        Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
+        :class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
+        timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
+        >>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
+    """
+    scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
+    port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
+    if scheme == "https":
+        return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
+    else:
+        return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
+
+
+def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
+    """
+    Normalize hosts for comparisons and use with sockets.
+    """
+
+    host = normalize_host(host, scheme)
+
+    # httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in IPv6 addresses
+    # Specifically, if we include brackets but also pass the port then
+    # httplib crazily doubles up the square brackets on the Host header.
+    # Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
+    # However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
+    # *assert* that.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
+    if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
+        host = host[1:-1]
+    return host
+
+
+def _close_pool_connections(pool):
+    """Drains a queue of connections and closes each one."""
+    try:
+        while True:
+            conn = pool.get(block=False)
+            if conn:
+                conn.close()
+    except queue.Empty:
+        pass  # Done.
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""
+This module provides means to detect the App Engine environment.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+
+def is_appengine():
+    return is_local_appengine() or is_prod_appengine()
+
+
+def is_appengine_sandbox():
+    """Reports if the app is running in the first generation sandbox.
+
+    The second generation runtimes are technically still in a sandbox, but it
+    is much less restrictive, so generally you shouldn't need to check for it.
+    see https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/runtimes
+    """
+    return is_appengine() and os.environ["APPENGINE_RUNTIME"] == "python27"
+
+
+def is_local_appengine():
+    return "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and os.environ.get(
+        "SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
+    ).startswith("Development/")
+
+
+def is_prod_appengine():
+    return "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and os.environ.get(
+        "SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
+    ).startswith("Google App Engine/")
+
+
+def is_prod_appengine_mvms():
+    """Deprecated."""
+    return False
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+"""
+This module uses ctypes to bind a whole bunch of functions and constants from
+SecureTransport. The goal here is to provide the low-level API to
+SecureTransport. These are essentially the C-level functions and constants, and
+they're pretty gross to work with.
+
+This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
+library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
+that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
+license and by oscrypto's:
+
+    Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import platform
+from ctypes import (
+    CDLL,
+    CFUNCTYPE,
+    POINTER,
+    c_bool,
+    c_byte,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_long,
+    c_size_t,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from ...packages.six import raise_from
+
+if platform.system() != "Darwin":
+    raise ImportError("Only macOS is supported")
+
+version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
+if version_info < (10, 8):
+    raise OSError(
+        "Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not %s.%s"
+        % (version_info[0], version_info[1])
+    )
+
+
+def load_cdll(name, macos10_16_path):
+    """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
+    try:
+        # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
+        # beta being labeled as 10.16.
+        if version_info >= (10, 16):
+            path = macos10_16_path
+        else:
+            path = find_library(name)
+        if not path:
+            raise OSError  # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
+        return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
+    except OSError:
+        raise_from(ImportError("The library %s failed to load" % name), None)
+
+
+Security = load_cdll(
+    "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+)
+CoreFoundation = load_cdll(
+    "CoreFoundation",
+    "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
+)
+
+
+Boolean = c_bool
+CFIndex = c_long
+CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
+CFData = c_void_p
+CFString = c_void_p
+CFArray = c_void_p
+CFMutableArray = c_void_p
+CFDictionary = c_void_p
+CFError = c_void_p
+CFType = c_void_p
+CFTypeID = c_ulong
+
+CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
+CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
+
+OSStatus = c_int32
+
+CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
+CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
+CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
+CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
+CFDictionaryRef = POINTER(CFDictionary)
+CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p
+
+SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecExternalFormat = c_uint32
+SecExternalItemType = c_uint32
+SecIdentityRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecItemImportExportFlags = c_uint32
+SecItemImportExportKeyParameters = c_void_p
+SecKeychainRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SSLProtocol = c_uint32
+SSLCipherSuite = c_uint32
+SSLContextRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SSLConnectionRef = c_uint32
+SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
+SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
+SSLProtocolSide = c_uint32
+SSLConnectionType = c_uint32
+SSLSessionOption = c_uint32
+
+
+try:
+    Security.SecItemImport.argtypes = [
+        CFDataRef,
+        CFStringRef,
+        POINTER(SecExternalFormat),
+        POINTER(SecExternalItemType),
+        SecItemImportExportFlags,
+        POINTER(SecItemImportExportKeyParameters),
+        SecKeychainRef,
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecItemImport.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.argtypes = [
+        CFTypeRef,
+        SecCertificateRef,
+        POINTER(SecIdentityRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecKeychainCreate.argtypes = [
+        c_char_p,
+        c_uint32,
+        c_void_p,
+        Boolean,
+        c_void_p,
+        POINTER(SecKeychainRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecKeychainCreate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [SecKeychainRef]
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecPKCS12Import.argtypes = [
+        CFDataRef,
+        CFDictionaryRef,
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecPKCS12Import.restype = OSStatus
+
+    SSLReadFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, c_void_p, POINTER(c_size_t))
+    SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE(
+        OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t)
+    )
+
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLReadFunc, SSLWriteFunc]
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFTypeRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLConnectionRef]
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
+    Security.SSLHandshake.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLRead.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLWrite.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
+    Security.SSLClose.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        c_size_t,
+    ]
+    Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLProtocol),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SecTrustRef)]
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [SecTrustRef]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFIndex]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SSLCreateContext.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        SSLProtocolSide,
+        SSLConnectionType,
+    ]
+    Security.SSLCreateContext.restype = SSLContextRef
+
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLSessionOption, Boolean]
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.restype = OSStatus
+
+    try:
+        Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
+        Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.restype = OSStatus
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Supported only in 10.12+
+        pass
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SSLReadFunc = SSLReadFunc
+    Security.SSLWriteFunc = SSLWriteFunc
+    Security.SSLContextRef = SSLContextRef
+    Security.SSLProtocol = SSLProtocol
+    Security.SSLCipherSuite = SSLCipherSuite
+    Security.SecIdentityRef = SecIdentityRef
+    Security.SecKeychainRef = SecKeychainRef
+    Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef
+    Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType
+    Security.SecExternalFormat = SecExternalFormat
+    Security.OSStatus = OSStatus
+
+    Security.kSecImportExportPassphrase = CFStringRef.in_dll(
+        Security, "kSecImportExportPassphrase"
+    )
+    Security.kSecImportItemIdentity = CFStringRef.in_dll(
+        Security, "kSecImportItemIdentity"
+    )
+
+    # CoreFoundation time!
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.restype = CFTypeRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
+        CFStringRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        CFDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.restype = CFDictionaryRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [CFDictionaryRef, CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = CFTypeRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks"
+    )
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryRef
+
+except (AttributeError):
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes")
+
+
+class CFConst(object):
+    """
+    A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for CoreFoundation
+    constants.
+    """
+
+    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
+
+
+class SecurityConst(object):
+    """
+    A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for Security constants.
+    """
+
+    kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth = 0
+
+    kSSLProtocol2 = 1
+    kSSLProtocol3 = 2
+    kTLSProtocol1 = 4
+    kTLSProtocol11 = 7
+    kTLSProtocol12 = 8
+    # SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3 even if there's a constant for it
+    kTLSProtocol13 = 10
+    kTLSProtocolMaxSupported = 999
+
+    kSSLClientSide = 1
+    kSSLStreamType = 0
+
+    kSecFormatPEMSequence = 10
+
+    kSecTrustResultInvalid = 0
+    kSecTrustResultProceed = 1
+    # This gap is present on purpose: this was kSecTrustResultConfirm, which
+    # is deprecated.
+    kSecTrustResultDeny = 3
+    kSecTrustResultUnspecified = 4
+    kSecTrustResultRecoverableTrustFailure = 5
+    kSecTrustResultFatalTrustFailure = 6
+    kSecTrustResultOtherError = 7
+
+    errSSLProtocol = -9800
+    errSSLWouldBlock = -9803
+    errSSLClosedGraceful = -9805
+    errSSLClosedNoNotify = -9816
+    errSSLClosedAbort = -9806
+
+    errSSLXCertChainInvalid = -9807
+    errSSLCrypto = -9809
+    errSSLInternal = -9810
+    errSSLCertExpired = -9814
+    errSSLCertNotYetValid = -9815
+    errSSLUnknownRootCert = -9812
+    errSSLNoRootCert = -9813
+    errSSLHostNameMismatch = -9843
+    errSSLPeerHandshakeFail = -9824
+    errSSLPeerUserCancelled = -9839
+    errSSLWeakPeerEphemeralDHKey = -9850
+    errSSLServerAuthCompleted = -9841
+    errSSLRecordOverflow = -9847
+
+    errSecVerifyFailed = -67808
+    errSecNoTrustSettings = -25263
+    errSecItemNotFound = -25300
+    errSecInvalidTrustSettings = -25262
+
+    # Cipher suites. We only pick the ones our default cipher string allows.
+    # Source: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1550981-ssl_cipher_suite_values
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC02C
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC030
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02B
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02F
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA9
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA8
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009F
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009E
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC024
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC028
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC00A
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC014
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x006B
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0039
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC023
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC027
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC009
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC013
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x0067
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x0033
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009D
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009C
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003D
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003C
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0035
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x002F
+    TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x1301
+    TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x1302
+    TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256 = 0x1305
+    TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 = 0x1304
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0b245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+"""
+Low-level helpers for the SecureTransport bindings.
+
+These are Python functions that are not directly related to the high-level APIs
+but are necessary to get them to work. They include a whole bunch of low-level
+CoreFoundation messing about and memory management. The concerns in this module
+are almost entirely about trying to avoid memory leaks and providing
+appropriate and useful assistance to the higher-level code.
+"""
+import base64
+import ctypes
+import itertools
+import os
+import re
+import ssl
+import struct
+import tempfile
+
+from .bindings import CFConst, CoreFoundation, Security
+
+# This regular expression is used to grab PEM data out of a PEM bundle.
+_PEM_CERTS_RE = re.compile(
+    b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n(.*?)\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----", re.DOTALL
+)
+
+
+def _cf_data_from_bytes(bytestring):
+    """
+    Given a bytestring, create a CFData object from it. This CFData object must
+    be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, bytestring, len(bytestring)
+    )
+
+
+def _cf_dictionary_from_tuples(tuples):
+    """
+    Given a list of Python tuples, create an associated CFDictionary.
+    """
+    dictionary_size = len(tuples)
+
+    # We need to get the dictionary keys and values out in the same order.
+    keys = (t[0] for t in tuples)
+    values = (t[1] for t in tuples)
+    cf_keys = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*keys)
+    cf_values = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*values)
+
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        cf_keys,
+        cf_values,
+        dictionary_size,
+        CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    )
+
+
+def _cfstr(py_bstr):
+    """
+    Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
+    The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(py_bstr)
+    cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        c_str,
+        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+    )
+    return cf_str
+
+
+def _create_cfstring_array(lst):
+    """
+    Given a list of Python binary data, create an associated CFMutableArray.
+    The array must be CFReleased by the caller.
+
+    Raises an ssl.SSLError on failure.
+    """
+    cf_arr = None
+    try:
+        cf_arr = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+            0,
+            ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+        )
+        if not cf_arr:
+            raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+        for item in lst:
+            cf_str = _cfstr(item)
+            if not cf_str:
+                raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+            try:
+                CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_arr, cf_str)
+            finally:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str)
+    except BaseException as e:
+        if cf_arr:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_arr)
+        raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate array: %s" % (e,))
+    return cf_arr
+
+
+def _cf_string_to_unicode(value):
+    """
+    Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
+    reporting.
+
+    Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
+    """
+    value_as_void_p = ctypes.cast(value, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p))
+
+    string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+        value_as_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+    )
+    if string is None:
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+        result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+            value_as_void_p, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+        string = buffer.value
+    if string is not None:
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
+    return string
+
+
+def _assert_no_error(error, exception_class=None):
+    """
+    Checks the return code and throws an exception if there is an error to
+    report
+    """
+    if error == 0:
+        return
+
+    cf_error_string = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(error, None)
+    output = _cf_string_to_unicode(cf_error_string)
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string)
+
+    if output is None or output == u"":
+        output = u"OSStatus %s" % error
+
+    if exception_class is None:
+        exception_class = ssl.SSLError
+
+    raise exception_class(output)
+
+
+def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle):
+    """
+    Given a bundle of certs in PEM format, turns them into a CFArray of certs
+    that can be used to validate a cert chain.
+    """
+    # Normalize the PEM bundle's line endings.
+    pem_bundle = pem_bundle.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
+
+    der_certs = [
+        base64.b64decode(match.group(1)) for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle)
+    ]
+    if not der_certs:
+        raise ssl.SSLError("No root certificates specified")
+
+    cert_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        0,
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+    )
+    if not cert_array:
+        raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+
+    try:
+        for der_bytes in der_certs:
+            certdata = _cf_data_from_bytes(der_bytes)
+            if not certdata:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+            cert = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, certdata
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
+            if not cert:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to build cert object!")
+
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cert_array, cert)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert)
+    except Exception:
+        # We need to free the array before the exception bubbles further.
+        # We only want to do that if an error occurs: otherwise, the caller
+        # should free.
+        CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
+        raise
+
+    return cert_array
+
+
+def _is_cert(item):
+    """
+    Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is a certificate.
+    """
+    expected = Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID()
+    return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected
+
+
+def _is_identity(item):
+    """
+    Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is an identity.
+    """
+    expected = Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID()
+    return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected
+
+
+def _temporary_keychain():
+    """
+    This function creates a temporary Mac keychain that we can use to work with
+    credentials. This keychain uses a one-time password and a temporary file to
+    store the data. We expect to have one keychain per socket. The returned
+    SecKeychainRef must be freed by the caller, including calling
+    SecKeychainDelete.
+
+    Returns a tuple of the SecKeychainRef and the path to the temporary
+    directory that contains it.
+    """
+    # Unfortunately, SecKeychainCreate requires a path to a keychain. This
+    # means we cannot use mkstemp to use a generic temporary file. Instead,
+    # we're going to create a temporary directory and a filename to use there.
+    # This filename will be 8 random bytes expanded into base64. We also need
+    # some random bytes to password-protect the keychain we're creating, so we
+    # ask for 40 random bytes.
+    random_bytes = os.urandom(40)
+    filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode("utf-8")
+    password = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[8:])  # Must be valid UTF-8
+    tempdirectory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+
+    keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode("utf-8")
+
+    # We now want to create the keychain itself.
+    keychain = Security.SecKeychainRef()
+    status = Security.SecKeychainCreate(
+        keychain_path, len(password), password, False, None, ctypes.byref(keychain)
+    )
+    _assert_no_error(status)
+
+    # Having created the keychain, we want to pass it off to the caller.
+    return keychain, tempdirectory
+
+
+def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path):
+    """
+    Given a single file, loads all the trust objects from it into arrays and
+    the keychain.
+    Returns a tuple of lists: the first list is a list of identities, the
+    second a list of certs.
+    """
+    certificates = []
+    identities = []
+    result_array = None
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        raw_filedata = f.read()
+
+    try:
+        filedata = CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, raw_filedata, len(raw_filedata)
+        )
+        result_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef()
+        result = Security.SecItemImport(
+            filedata,  # cert data
+            None,  # Filename, leaving it out for now
+            None,  # What the type of the file is, we don't care
+            None,  # what's in the file, we don't care
+            0,  # import flags
+            None,  # key params, can include passphrase in the future
+            keychain,  # The keychain to insert into
+            ctypes.byref(result_array),  # Results
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # A CFArray is not very useful to us as an intermediary
+        # representation, so we are going to extract the objects we want
+        # and then free the array. We don't need to keep hold of keys: the
+        # keychain already has them!
+        result_count = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount(result_array)
+        for index in range(result_count):
+            item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(result_array, index)
+            item = ctypes.cast(item, CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef)
+
+            if _is_cert(item):
+                CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
+                certificates.append(item)
+            elif _is_identity(item):
+                CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
+                identities.append(item)
+    finally:
+        if result_array:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(result_array)
+
+        CoreFoundation.CFRelease(filedata)
+
+    return (identities, certificates)
+
+
+def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain, *paths):
+    """
+    Load certificates and maybe keys from a number of files. Has the end goal
+    of returning a CFArray containing one SecIdentityRef, and then zero or more
+    SecCertificateRef objects, suitable for use as a client certificate trust
+    chain.
+    """
+    # Ok, the strategy.
+    #
+    # This relies on knowing that macOS will not give you a SecIdentityRef
+    # unless you have imported a key into a keychain. This is a somewhat
+    # artificial limitation of macOS (for example, it doesn't necessarily
+    # affect iOS), but there is nothing inside Security.framework that lets you
+    # get a SecIdentityRef without having a key in a keychain.
+    #
+    # So the policy here is we take all the files and iterate them in order.
+    # Each one will use SecItemImport to have one or more objects loaded from
+    # it. We will also point at a keychain that macOS can use to work with the
+    # private key.
+    #
+    # Once we have all the objects, we'll check what we actually have. If we
+    # already have a SecIdentityRef in hand, fab: we'll use that. Otherwise,
+    # we'll take the first certificate (which we assume to be our leaf) and
+    # ask the keychain to give us a SecIdentityRef with that cert's associated
+    # key.
+    #
+    # We'll then return a CFArray containing the trust chain: one
+    # SecIdentityRef and then zero-or-more SecCertificateRef objects. The
+    # responsibility for freeing this CFArray will be with the caller. This
+    # CFArray must remain alive for the entire connection, so in practice it
+    # will be stored with a single SSLSocket, along with the reference to the
+    # keychain.
+    certificates = []
+    identities = []
+
+    # Filter out bad paths.
+    paths = (path for path in paths if path)
+
+    try:
+        for file_path in paths:
+            new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(keychain, file_path)
+            identities.extend(new_identities)
+            certificates.extend(new_certs)
+
+        # Ok, we have everything. The question is: do we have an identity? If
+        # not, we want to grab one from the first cert we have.
+        if not identities:
+            new_identity = Security.SecIdentityRef()
+            status = Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(
+                keychain, certificates[0], ctypes.byref(new_identity)
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(status)
+            identities.append(new_identity)
+
+            # We now want to release the original certificate, as we no longer
+            # need it.
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certificates.pop(0))
+
+        # We now need to build a new CFArray that holds the trust chain.
+        trust_chain = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+            0,
+            ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+        )
+        for item in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
+            # ArrayAppendValue does a CFRetain on the item. That's fine,
+            # because the finally block will release our other refs to them.
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(trust_chain, item)
+
+        return trust_chain
+    finally:
+        for obj in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(obj)
+
+
+TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = {
+    "SSLv2": (0, 2),
+    "SSLv3": (3, 0),
+    "TLSv1": (3, 1),
+    "TLSv1.1": (3, 2),
+    "TLSv1.2": (3, 3),
+}
+
+
+def _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(version):
+    """
+    Builds a TLS alert record for an unknown CA.
+    """
+    ver_maj, ver_min = TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS[version]
+    severity_fatal = 0x02
+    description_unknown_ca = 0x30
+    msg = struct.pack(">BB", severity_fatal, description_unknown_ca)
+    msg_len = len(msg)
+    record_type_alert = 0x15
+    record = struct.pack(">BBBH", record_type_alert, ver_maj, ver_min, msg_len) + msg
+    return record
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1717ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+"""
+This module provides a pool manager that uses Google App Engine's
+`URLFetch Service <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/urlfetch>`_.
+
+Example usage::
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import PoolManager
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.appengine import AppEngineManager, is_appengine_sandbox
+
+    if is_appengine_sandbox():
+        # AppEngineManager uses AppEngine's URLFetch API behind the scenes
+        http = AppEngineManager()
+    else:
+        # PoolManager uses a socket-level API behind the scenes
+        http = PoolManager()
+
+    r = http.request('GET', 'https://google.com/')
+
+There are `limitations <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/\
+urlfetch/#Python_Quotas_and_limits>`_ to the URLFetch service and it may not be
+the best choice for your application. There are three options for using
+urllib3 on Google App Engine:
+
+1. You can use :class:`AppEngineManager` with URLFetch. URLFetch is
+   cost-effective in many circumstances as long as your usage is within the
+   limitations.
+2. You can use a normal :class:`~urllib3.PoolManager` by enabling sockets.
+   Sockets also have `limitations and restrictions
+   <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/sockets/\
+   #limitations-and-restrictions>`_ and have a lower free quota than URLFetch.
+   To use sockets, be sure to specify the following in your ``app.yaml``::
+
+        env_variables:
+            GAE_USE_SOCKETS_HTTPLIB : 'true'
+
+3. If you are using `App Engine Flexible
+<https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/>`_, you can use the standard
+:class:`PoolManager` without any configuration or special environment variables.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import io
+import logging
+import warnings
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    HTTPWarning,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    SSLError,
+    TimeoutError,
+)
+from ..packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from ..request import RequestMethods
+from ..response import HTTPResponse
+from ..util.retry import Retry
+from ..util.timeout import Timeout
+from . import _appengine_environ
+
+try:
+    from google.appengine.api import urlfetch
+except ImportError:
+    urlfetch = None
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class AppEnginePlatformWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppEnginePlatformError(HTTPError):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Connection manager for Google App Engine sandbox applications.
+
+    This manager uses the URLFetch service directly instead of using the
+    emulated httplib, and is subject to URLFetch limitations as described in
+    the App Engine documentation `here
+    <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/urlfetch>`_.
+
+    Notably it will raise an :class:`AppEnginePlatformError` if:
+        * URLFetch is not available.
+        * If you attempt to use this on App Engine Flexible, as full socket
+          support is available.
+        * If a request size is more than 10 megabytes.
+        * If a response size is more than 32 megabytes.
+        * If you use an unsupported request method such as OPTIONS.
+
+    Beyond those cases, it will raise normal urllib3 errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        validate_certificate=True,
+        urlfetch_retries=True,
+    ):
+        if not urlfetch:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch is not available in this environment."
+            )
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "urllib3 is using URLFetch on Google App Engine sandbox instead "
+            "of sockets. To use sockets directly instead of URLFetch see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/reference/urllib3.contrib.html.",
+            AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+        )
+
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+        self.validate_certificate = validate_certificate
+        self.urlfetch_retries = urlfetch_retries
+
+        self.retries = retries or Retry.DEFAULT
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
+
+        retries = self._get_retries(retries, redirect)
+
+        try:
+            follow_redirects = redirect and retries.redirect != 0 and retries.total
+            response = urlfetch.fetch(
+                url,
+                payload=body,
+                method=method,
+                headers=headers or {},
+                allow_truncated=False,
+                follow_redirects=self.urlfetch_retries and follow_redirects,
+                deadline=self._get_absolute_timeout(timeout),
+                validate_certificate=self.validate_certificate,
+            )
+        except urlfetch.DeadlineExceededError as e:
+            raise TimeoutError(self, e)
+
+        except urlfetch.InvalidURLError as e:
+            if "too large" in str(e):
+                raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                    "URLFetch request too large, URLFetch only "
+                    "supports requests up to 10mb in size.",
+                    e,
+                )
+            raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.DownloadError as e:
+            if "Too many redirects" in str(e):
+                raise MaxRetryError(self, url, reason=e)
+            raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.ResponseTooLargeError as e:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch response too large, URLFetch only supports"
+                "responses up to 32mb in size.",
+                e,
+            )
+
+        except urlfetch.SSLCertificateError as e:
+            raise SSLError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.InvalidMethodError as e:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch does not support method: %s" % method, e
+            )
+
+        http_response = self._urlfetch_response_to_http_response(
+            response, retries=retries, **response_kw
+        )
+
+        # Handle redirect?
+        redirect_location = redirect and http_response.get_redirect_location()
+        if redirect_location:
+            # Check for redirect response
+            if self.urlfetch_retries and retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
+            else:
+                if http_response.status == 303:
+                    method = "GET"
+
+                try:
+                    retries = retries.increment(
+                        method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self
+                    )
+                except MaxRetryError:
+                    if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                        raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
+                    return http_response
+
+                retries.sleep_for_retry(http_response)
+                log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+                redirect_url = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
+                return self.urlopen(
+                    method,
+                    redirect_url,
+                    body,
+                    headers,
+                    retries=retries,
+                    redirect=redirect,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    **response_kw
+                )
+
+        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
+        has_retry_after = bool(http_response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+        if retries.is_retry(method, http_response.status, has_retry_after):
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self)
+            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
+            retries.sleep(http_response)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        return http_response
+
+    def _urlfetch_response_to_http_response(self, urlfetch_resp, **response_kw):
+
+        if is_prod_appengine():
+            # Production GAE handles deflate encoding automatically, but does
+            # not remove the encoding header.
+            content_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("content-encoding")
+
+            if content_encoding == "deflate":
+                del urlfetch_resp.headers["content-encoding"]
+
+        transfer_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
+        # We have a full response's content,
+        # so let's make sure we don't report ourselves as chunked data.
+        if transfer_encoding == "chunked":
+            encodings = transfer_encoding.split(",")
+            encodings.remove("chunked")
+            urlfetch_resp.headers["transfer-encoding"] = ",".join(encodings)
+
+        original_response = HTTPResponse(
+            # In order for decoding to work, we must present the content as
+            # a file-like object.
+            body=io.BytesIO(urlfetch_resp.content),
+            msg=urlfetch_resp.header_msg,
+            headers=urlfetch_resp.headers,
+            status=urlfetch_resp.status_code,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+
+        return HTTPResponse(
+            body=io.BytesIO(urlfetch_resp.content),
+            headers=urlfetch_resp.headers,
+            status=urlfetch_resp.status_code,
+            original_response=original_response,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+
+    def _get_absolute_timeout(self, timeout):
+        if timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return None  # Defer to URLFetch's default.
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            if timeout._read is not None or timeout._connect is not None:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "URLFetch does not support granular timeout settings, "
+                    "reverting to total or default URLFetch timeout.",
+                    AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+                )
+            return timeout.total
+        return timeout
+
+    def _get_retries(self, retries, redirect):
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+
+        if retries.connect or retries.read or retries.redirect:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "URLFetch only supports total retries and does not "
+                "recognize connect, read, or redirect retry parameters.",
+                AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+            )
+
+        return retries
+
+
+# Alias methods from _appengine_environ to maintain public API interface.
+
+is_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_appengine
+is_appengine_sandbox = _appengine_environ.is_appengine_sandbox
+is_local_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_local_appengine
+is_prod_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_prod_appengine
+is_prod_appengine_mvms = _appengine_environ.is_prod_appengine_mvms
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4716657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""
+NTLM authenticating pool, contributed by erikcederstran
+
+Issue #10, see: http://code.google.com/p/urllib3/issues/detail?id=10
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import warnings
+from logging import getLogger
+
+from ntlm import ntlm
+
+from .. import HTTPSConnectionPool
+from ..packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPSConnection
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The 'urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool' module is deprecated and will be removed "
+    "in urllib3 v2.0 release, urllib3 is not able to support it properly due "
+    "to reasons listed in issue: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2282. "
+    "If you are a user of this module please comment in the mentioned issue.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
+
+log = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    """
+    Implements an NTLM authentication version of an urllib3 connection pool
+    """
+
+    scheme = "https"
+
+    def __init__(self, user, pw, authurl, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        authurl is a random URL on the server that is protected by NTLM.
+        user is the Windows user, probably in the DOMAIN\\username format.
+        pw is the password for the user.
+        """
+        super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.authurl = authurl
+        self.rawuser = user
+        user_parts = user.split("\\", 1)
+        self.domain = user_parts[0].upper()
+        self.user = user_parts[1]
+        self.pw = pw
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        # Performs the NTLM handshake that secures the connection. The socket
+        # must be kept open while requests are performed.
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting NTLM HTTPS connection no. %d: https://%s%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.authurl,
+        )
+
+        headers = {"Connection": "Keep-Alive"}
+        req_header = "Authorization"
+        resp_header = "www-authenticate"
+
+        conn = HTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
+
+        # Send negotiation message
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % ntlm.create_NTLM_NEGOTIATE_MESSAGE(
+            self.rawuser
+        )
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
+        res = conn.getresponse()
+        reshdr = dict(res.headers)
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", reshdr)
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read(100))
+
+        # Remove the reference to the socket, so that it can not be closed by
+        # the response object (we want to keep the socket open)
+        res.fp = None
+
+        # Server should respond with a challenge message
+        auth_header_values = reshdr[resp_header].split(", ")
+        auth_header_value = None
+        for s in auth_header_values:
+            if s[:5] == "NTLM ":
+                auth_header_value = s[5:]
+        if auth_header_value is None:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Unexpected %s response header: %s" % (resp_header, reshdr[resp_header])
+            )
+
+        # Send authentication message
+        ServerChallenge, NegotiateFlags = ntlm.parse_NTLM_CHALLENGE_MESSAGE(
+            auth_header_value
+        )
+        auth_msg = ntlm.create_NTLM_AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE(
+            ServerChallenge, self.user, self.domain, self.pw, NegotiateFlags
+        )
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % auth_msg
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
+        res = conn.getresponse()
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", dict(res.headers))
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read()[:100])
+        if res.status != 200:
+            if res.status == 401:
+                raise Exception("Server rejected request: wrong username or password")
+            raise Exception("Wrong server response: %s %s" % (res.status, res.reason))
+
+        res.fp = None
+        log.debug("Connection established")
+        return conn
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=3,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+    ):
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        headers["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
+        return super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).urlopen(
+            method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e4aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+"""
+TLS with SNI_-support for Python 2. Follow these instructions if you would
+like to verify TLS certificates in Python 2. Note, the default libraries do
+*not* do certificate checking; you need to do additional work to validate
+certificates yourself.
+
+This needs the following packages installed:
+
+* `pyOpenSSL`_ (tested with 16.0.0)
+* `cryptography`_ (minimum 1.3.4, from pyopenssl)
+* `idna`_ (minimum 2.0, from cryptography)
+
+However, pyopenssl depends on cryptography, which depends on idna, so while we
+use all three directly here we end up having relatively few packages required.
+
+You can install them with the following command:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ python -m pip install pyopenssl cryptography idna
+
+To activate certificate checking, call
+:func:`~urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3` from your Python code
+before you begin making HTTP requests. This can be done in a ``sitecustomize``
+module, or at any other time before your application begins using ``urllib3``,
+like this:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl as pyopenssl
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+Now you can use :mod:`urllib3` as you normally would, and it will support SNI
+when the required modules are installed.
+
+Activating this module also has the positive side effect of disabling SSL/TLS
+compression in Python 2 (see `CRIME attack`_).
+
+.. _sni: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
+.. _crime attack: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
+.. _pyopenssl: https://www.pyopenssl.org
+.. _cryptography: https://cryptography.io
+.. _idna: https://github.com/kjd/idna
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import OpenSSL.crypto
+import OpenSSL.SSL
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl import backend as openssl_backend
+
+try:
+    from cryptography.x509 import UnsupportedExtension
+except ImportError:
+    # UnsupportedExtension is gone in cryptography >= 2.1.0
+    class UnsupportedExtension(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+from io import BytesIO
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from socket import _fileobject
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    _fileobject = None
+    from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+from .. import util
+from ..packages import six
+from ..util.ssl_ import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "'urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl' module is deprecated and will be removed "
+    "in a future release of urllib3 2.x. Read more in this issue: "
+    "https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
+    category=DeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
+
+# SNI always works.
+HAS_SNI = True
+
+# Map from urllib3 to PyOpenSSL compatible parameter-values.
+_openssl_versions = {
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
+    ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1: OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,
+}
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "SSLv3_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv3_METHOD
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_1_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_1_METHOD
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_2_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_2_METHOD
+
+
+_stdlib_to_openssl_verify = {
+    ssl.CERT_NONE: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
+    ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
+    ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER
+    + OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+}
+_openssl_to_stdlib_verify = dict((v, k) for k, v in _stdlib_to_openssl_verify.items())
+
+# OpenSSL will only write 16K at a time
+SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
+orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def inject_into_urllib3():
+    "Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support."
+
+    _validate_dependencies_met()
+
+    util.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
+    util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
+
+
+def extract_from_urllib3():
+    "Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`."
+
+    util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+    util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+
+
+def _validate_dependencies_met():
+    """
+    Verifies that PyOpenSSL's package-level dependencies have been met.
+    Throws `ImportError` if they are not met.
+    """
+    # Method added in `cryptography==1.1`; not available in older versions
+    from cryptography.x509.extensions import Extensions
+
+    if getattr(Extensions, "get_extension_for_class", None) is None:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'cryptography' module missing required functionality.  "
+            "Try upgrading to v1.3.4 or newer."
+        )
+
+    # pyOpenSSL 0.14 and above use cryptography for OpenSSL bindings. The _x509
+    # attribute is only present on those versions.
+    from OpenSSL.crypto import X509
+
+    x509 = X509()
+    if getattr(x509, "_x509", None) is None:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. "
+            "Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer."
+        )
+
+
+def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name):
+    """
+    Converts a dNSName SubjectAlternativeName field to the form used by the
+    standard library on the given Python version.
+
+    Cryptography produces a dNSName as a unicode string that was idna-decoded
+    from ASCII bytes. We need to idna-encode that string to get it back, and
+    then on Python 3 we also need to convert to unicode via UTF-8 (the stdlib
+    uses PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize on it, which decodes via UTF-8).
+
+    If the name cannot be idna-encoded then we return None signalling that
+    the name given should be skipped.
+    """
+
+    def idna_encode(name):
+        """
+        Borrowed wholesale from the Python Cryptography Project. It turns out
+        that we can't just safely call `idna.encode`: it can explode for
+        wildcard names. This avoids that problem.
+        """
+        from pip._vendor import idna
+
+        try:
+            for prefix in [u"*.", u"."]:
+                if name.startswith(prefix):
+                    name = name[len(prefix) :]
+                    return prefix.encode("ascii") + idna.encode(name)
+            return idna.encode(name)
+        except idna.core.IDNAError:
+            return None
+
+    # Don't send IPv6 addresses through the IDNA encoder.
+    if ":" in name:
+        return name
+
+    name = idna_encode(name)
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
+        name = name.decode("utf-8")
+    return name
+
+
+def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert):
+    """
+    Given an PyOpenSSL certificate, provides all the subject alternative names.
+    """
+    # Pass the cert to cryptography, which has much better APIs for this.
+    if hasattr(peer_cert, "to_cryptography"):
+        cert = peer_cert.to_cryptography()
+    else:
+        der = OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, peer_cert)
+        cert = x509.load_der_x509_certificate(der, openssl_backend)
+
+    # We want to find the SAN extension. Ask Cryptography to locate it (it's
+    # faster than looping in Python)
+    try:
+        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.SubjectAlternativeName).value
+    except x509.ExtensionNotFound:
+        # No such extension, return the empty list.
+        return []
+    except (
+        x509.DuplicateExtension,
+        UnsupportedExtension,
+        x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType,
+        UnicodeError,
+    ) as e:
+        # A problem has been found with the quality of the certificate. Assume
+        # no SAN field is present.
+        log.warning(
+            "A problem was encountered with the certificate that prevented "
+            "urllib3 from finding the SubjectAlternativeName field. This can "
+            "affect certificate validation. The error was %s",
+            e,
+        )
+        return []
+
+    # We want to return dNSName and iPAddress fields. We need to cast the IPs
+    # back to strings because the match_hostname function wants them as
+    # strings.
+    # Sadly the DNS names need to be idna encoded and then, on Python 3, UTF-8
+    # decoded. This is pretty frustrating, but that's what the standard library
+    # does with certificates, and so we need to attempt to do the same.
+    # We also want to skip over names which cannot be idna encoded.
+    names = [
+        ("DNS", name)
+        for name in map(_dnsname_to_stdlib, ext.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName))
+        if name is not None
+    ]
+    names.extend(
+        ("IP Address", str(name)) for name in ext.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
+    )
+
+    return names
+
+
+class WrappedSocket(object):
+    """API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class.
+
+    Note: _makefile_refs, _drop() and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
+    collector of pypy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, connection, socket, suppress_ragged_eofs=True):
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+        self._makefile_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    # Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs > 0:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def recv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            data = self.connection.recv(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return b""
+            else:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
+            if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
+                return b""
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+            if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
+            else:
+                return self.recv(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("read error: %r" % e)
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    def recv_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return self.connection.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return 0
+            else:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
+            if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
+                return 0
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+            if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
+            else:
+                return self.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("read error: %r" % e)
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout):
+        return self.socket.settimeout(timeout)
+
+    def _send_until_done(self, data):
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return self.connection.send(data)
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.WantWriteError:
+                if not util.wait_for_write(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                    raise timeout()
+                continue
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        total_sent = 0
+        while total_sent < len(data):
+            sent = self._send_until_done(
+                data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE]
+            )
+            total_sent += sent
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        # FIXME rethrow compatible exceptions should we ever use this
+        self.connection.shutdown()
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            try:
+                self._closed = True
+                return self.connection.close()
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.Error:
+                return
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        x509 = self.connection.get_peer_certificate()
+
+        if not x509:
+            return x509
+
+        if binary_form:
+            return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, x509)
+
+        return {
+            "subject": ((("commonName", x509.get_subject().CN),),),
+            "subjectAltName": get_subj_alt_name(x509),
+        }
+
+    def version(self):
+        return self.connection.get_protocol_version_name()
+
+    def _reuse(self):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+
+    def _drop(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+
+if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    makefile = backport_makefile
+
+WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
+
+
+class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
+    """
+    I am a wrapper class for the PyOpenSSL ``Context`` object. I am responsible
+    for translating the interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object
+    to calls into PyOpenSSL.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self.protocol = _openssl_versions[protocol]
+        self._ctx = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(self.protocol)
+        self._options = 0
+        self.check_hostname = False
+
+    @property
+    def options(self):
+        return self._options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value):
+        self._options = value
+        self._ctx.set_options(value)
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self):
+        return _openssl_to_stdlib_verify[self._ctx.get_verify_mode()]
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value):
+        self._ctx.set_verify(_stdlib_to_openssl_verify[value], _verify_callback)
+
+    def set_default_verify_paths(self):
+        self._ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
+        if isinstance(ciphers, six.text_type):
+            ciphers = ciphers.encode("utf-8")
+        self._ctx.set_cipher_list(ciphers)
+
+    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+        if cafile is not None:
+            cafile = cafile.encode("utf-8")
+        if capath is not None:
+            capath = capath.encode("utf-8")
+        try:
+            self._ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile, capath)
+            if cadata is not None:
+                self._ctx.load_verify_locations(BytesIO(cadata))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("unable to load trusted certificates: %r" % e)
+
+    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
+        self._ctx.use_certificate_chain_file(certfile)
+        if password is not None:
+            if not isinstance(password, six.binary_type):
+                password = password.encode("utf-8")
+            self._ctx.set_passwd_cb(lambda *_: password)
+        self._ctx.use_privatekey_file(keyfile or certfile)
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        protocols = [six.ensure_binary(p) for p in protocols]
+        return self._ctx.set_alpn_protos(protocols)
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
+        cnx = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(self._ctx, sock)
+
+        if isinstance(server_hostname, six.text_type):  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+            server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
+
+        if server_hostname is not None:
+            cnx.set_tlsext_host_name(server_hostname)
+
+        cnx.set_connect_state()
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                cnx.do_handshake()
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+                if not util.wait_for_read(sock, sock.gettimeout()):
+                    raise timeout("select timed out")
+                continue
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("bad handshake: %r" % e)
+            break
+
+        return WrappedSocket(cnx, sock)
+
+
+def _verify_callback(cnx, x509, err_no, err_depth, return_code):
+    return err_no == 0
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a06bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
@@ -0,0 +1,921 @@
+"""
+SecureTranport support for urllib3 via ctypes.
+
+This makes platform-native TLS available to urllib3 users on macOS without the
+use of a compiler. This is an important feature because the Python Package
+Index is moving to become a TLSv1.2-or-higher server, and the default OpenSSL
+that ships with macOS is not capable of doing TLSv1.2. The only way to resolve
+this is to give macOS users an alternative solution to the problem, and that
+solution is to use SecureTransport.
+
+We use ctypes here because this solution must not require a compiler. That's
+because pip is not allowed to require a compiler either.
+
+This is not intended to be a seriously long-term solution to this problem.
+The hope is that PEP 543 will eventually solve this issue for us, at which
+point we can retire this contrib module. But in the short term, we need to
+solve the impending tire fire that is Python on Mac without this kind of
+contrib module. So...here we are.
+
+To use this module, simply import and inject it::
+
+    import pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.securetransport as securetransport
+    securetransport.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+Happy TLSing!
+
+This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
+library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
+that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
+license and by oscrypto's:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import errno
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import socket
+import ssl
+import struct
+import threading
+import weakref
+
+from pip._vendor import six
+
+from .. import util
+from ..util.ssl_ import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+from ._securetransport.bindings import CoreFoundation, Security, SecurityConst
+from ._securetransport.low_level import (
+    _assert_no_error,
+    _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert,
+    _cert_array_from_pem,
+    _create_cfstring_array,
+    _load_client_cert_chain,
+    _temporary_keychain,
+)
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from socket import _fileobject
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    _fileobject = None
+    from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
+
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
+
+# SNI always works
+HAS_SNI = True
+
+orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
+orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
+
+# This dictionary is used by the read callback to obtain a handle to the
+# calling wrapped socket. This is a pretty silly approach, but for now it'll
+# do. I feel like I should be able to smuggle a handle to the wrapped socket
+# directly in the SSLConnectionRef, but for now this approach will work I
+# guess.
+#
+# We need to lock around this structure for inserts, but we don't do it for
+# reads/writes in the callbacks. The reasoning here goes as follows:
+#
+#    1. It is not possible to call into the callbacks before the dictionary is
+#       populated, so once in the callback the id must be in the dictionary.
+#    2. The callbacks don't mutate the dictionary, they only read from it, and
+#       so cannot conflict with any of the insertions.
+#
+# This is good: if we had to lock in the callbacks we'd drastically slow down
+# the performance of this code.
+_connection_refs = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+_connection_ref_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+# Limit writes to 16kB. This is OpenSSL's limit, but we'll cargo-cult it over
+# for no better reason than we need *a* limit, and this one is right there.
+SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+# This is our equivalent of util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS, but expanded out to
+# individual cipher suites. We need to do this because this is how
+# SecureTransport wants them.
+CIPHER_SUITES = [
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+]
+
+# Basically this is simple: for PROTOCOL_SSLv23 we turn it into a low of
+# TLSv1 and a high of TLSv1.2. For everything else, we pin to that version.
+# TLSv1 to 1.2 are supported on macOS 10.8+
+_protocol_to_min_max = {
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12),
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12),
+}
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv2"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = (
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = (
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+    )
+
+
+def inject_into_urllib3():
+    """
+    Monkey-patch urllib3 with SecureTransport-backed SSL-support.
+    """
+    util.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+    util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+
+
+def extract_from_urllib3():
+    """
+    Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`.
+    """
+    util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+    util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+
+
+def _read_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
+    """
+    SecureTransport read callback. This is called by ST to request that data
+    be returned from the socket.
+    """
+    wrapped_socket = None
+    try:
+        wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
+        if wrapped_socket is None:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+        base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
+
+        requested_length = data_length_pointer[0]
+
+        timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
+        error = None
+        read_count = 0
+
+        try:
+            while read_count < requested_length:
+                if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
+                    if not util.wait_for_read(base_socket, timeout):
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
+
+                remaining = requested_length - read_count
+                buffer = (ctypes.c_char * remaining).from_address(
+                    data_buffer + read_count
+                )
+                chunk_size = base_socket.recv_into(buffer, remaining)
+                read_count += chunk_size
+                if not chunk_size:
+                    if not read_count:
+                        return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful
+                    break
+        except (socket.error) as e:
+            error = e.errno
+
+            if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
+                data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
+                if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
+                    return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
+                raise
+
+        data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
+
+        if read_count != requested_length:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
+
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        if wrapped_socket is not None:
+            wrapped_socket._exception = e
+        return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+
+
+def _write_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
+    """
+    SecureTransport write callback. This is called by ST to request that data
+    actually be sent on the network.
+    """
+    wrapped_socket = None
+    try:
+        wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
+        if wrapped_socket is None:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+        base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
+
+        bytes_to_write = data_length_pointer[0]
+        data = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, bytes_to_write)
+
+        timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
+        error = None
+        sent = 0
+
+        try:
+            while sent < bytes_to_write:
+                if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
+                    if not util.wait_for_write(base_socket, timeout):
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
+                chunk_sent = base_socket.send(data)
+                sent += chunk_sent
+
+                # This has some needless copying here, but I'm not sure there's
+                # much value in optimising this data path.
+                data = data[chunk_sent:]
+        except (socket.error) as e:
+            error = e.errno
+
+            if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
+                data_length_pointer[0] = sent
+                if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
+                    return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
+                raise
+
+        data_length_pointer[0] = sent
+
+        if sent != bytes_to_write:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
+
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        if wrapped_socket is not None:
+            wrapped_socket._exception = e
+        return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+
+
+# We need to keep these two objects references alive: if they get GC'd while
+# in use then SecureTransport could attempt to call a function that is in freed
+# memory. That would be...uh...bad. Yeah, that's the word. Bad.
+_read_callback_pointer = Security.SSLReadFunc(_read_callback)
+_write_callback_pointer = Security.SSLWriteFunc(_write_callback)
+
+
+class WrappedSocket(object):
+    """
+    API-compatibility wrapper for Python's OpenSSL wrapped socket object.
+
+    Note: _makefile_refs, _drop(), and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
+    collector of PyPy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, socket):
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.context = None
+        self._makefile_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+        self._exception = None
+        self._keychain = None
+        self._keychain_dir = None
+        self._client_cert_chain = None
+
+        # We save off the previously-configured timeout and then set it to
+        # zero. This is done because we use select and friends to handle the
+        # timeouts, but if we leave the timeout set on the lower socket then
+        # Python will "kindly" call select on that socket again for us. Avoid
+        # that by forcing the timeout to zero.
+        self._timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
+        self.socket.settimeout(0)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _raise_on_error(self):
+        """
+        A context manager that can be used to wrap calls that do I/O from
+        SecureTransport. If any of the I/O callbacks hit an exception, this
+        context manager will correctly propagate the exception after the fact.
+        This avoids silently swallowing those exceptions.
+
+        It also correctly forces the socket closed.
+        """
+        self._exception = None
+
+        # We explicitly don't catch around this yield because in the unlikely
+        # event that an exception was hit in the block we don't want to swallow
+        # it.
+        yield
+        if self._exception is not None:
+            exception, self._exception = self._exception, None
+            self.close()
+            raise exception
+
+    def _set_ciphers(self):
+        """
+        Sets up the allowed ciphers. By default this matches the set in
+        util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS, at least as supported by macOS. This is done
+        custom and doesn't allow changing at this time, mostly because parsing
+        OpenSSL cipher strings is going to be a freaking nightmare.
+        """
+        ciphers = (Security.SSLCipherSuite * len(CIPHER_SUITES))(*CIPHER_SUITES)
+        result = Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers(
+            self.context, ciphers, len(CIPHER_SUITES)
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+    def _set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        """
+        Sets up the ALPN protocols on the context.
+        """
+        if not protocols:
+            return
+        protocols_arr = _create_cfstring_array(protocols)
+        try:
+            result = Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols(self.context, protocols_arr)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+        finally:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(protocols_arr)
+
+    def _custom_validate(self, verify, trust_bundle):
+        """
+        Called when we have set custom validation. We do this in two cases:
+        first, when cert validation is entirely disabled; and second, when
+        using a custom trust DB.
+        Raises an SSLError if the connection is not trusted.
+        """
+        # If we disabled cert validation, just say: cool.
+        if not verify:
+            return
+
+        successes = (
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultUnspecified,
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultProceed,
+        )
+        try:
+            trust_result = self._evaluate_trust(trust_bundle)
+            if trust_result in successes:
+                return
+            reason = "error code: %d" % (trust_result,)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Do not trust on error
+            reason = "exception: %r" % (e,)
+
+        # SecureTransport does not send an alert nor shuts down the connection.
+        rec = _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(self.version())
+        self.socket.sendall(rec)
+        # close the connection immediately
+        # l_onoff = 1, activate linger
+        # l_linger = 0, linger for 0 seoncds
+        opts = struct.pack("ii", 1, 0)
+        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER, opts)
+        self.close()
+        raise ssl.SSLError("certificate verify failed, %s" % reason)
+
+    def _evaluate_trust(self, trust_bundle):
+        # We want data in memory, so load it up.
+        if os.path.isfile(trust_bundle):
+            with open(trust_bundle, "rb") as f:
+                trust_bundle = f.read()
+
+        cert_array = None
+        trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+
+        try:
+            # Get a CFArray that contains the certs we want.
+            cert_array = _cert_array_from_pem(trust_bundle)
+
+            # Ok, now the hard part. We want to get the SecTrustRef that ST has
+            # created for this connection, shove our CAs into it, tell ST to
+            # ignore everything else it knows, and then ask if it can build a
+            # chain. This is a buuuunch of code.
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+            if not trust:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Failed to copy trust reference")
+
+            result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, cert_array)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+            result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trust, True)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+            trust_result = Security.SecTrustResultType()
+            result = Security.SecTrustEvaluate(trust, ctypes.byref(trust_result))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+        finally:
+            if trust:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
+
+            if cert_array is not None:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
+
+        return trust_result.value
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        server_hostname,
+        verify,
+        trust_bundle,
+        min_version,
+        max_version,
+        client_cert,
+        client_key,
+        client_key_passphrase,
+        alpn_protocols,
+    ):
+        """
+        Actually performs the TLS handshake. This is run automatically by
+        wrapped socket, and shouldn't be needed in user code.
+        """
+        # First, we do the initial bits of connection setup. We need to create
+        # a context, set its I/O funcs, and set the connection reference.
+        self.context = Security.SSLCreateContext(
+            None, SecurityConst.kSSLClientSide, SecurityConst.kSSLStreamType
+        )
+        result = Security.SSLSetIOFuncs(
+            self.context, _read_callback_pointer, _write_callback_pointer
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Here we need to compute the handle to use. We do this by taking the
+        # id of self modulo 2**31 - 1. If this is already in the dictionary, we
+        # just keep incrementing by one until we find a free space.
+        with _connection_ref_lock:
+            handle = id(self) % 2147483647
+            while handle in _connection_refs:
+                handle = (handle + 1) % 2147483647
+            _connection_refs[handle] = self
+
+        result = Security.SSLSetConnection(self.context, handle)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If we have a server hostname, we should set that too.
+        if server_hostname:
+            if not isinstance(server_hostname, bytes):
+                server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
+
+            result = Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName(
+                self.context, server_hostname, len(server_hostname)
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Setup the ciphers.
+        self._set_ciphers()
+
+        # Setup the ALPN protocols.
+        self._set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+        # Set the minimum and maximum TLS versions.
+        result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin(self.context, min_version)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(self.context, max_version)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If there's a trust DB, we need to use it. We do that by telling
+        # SecureTransport to break on server auth. We also do that if we don't
+        # want to validate the certs at all: we just won't actually do any
+        # authing in that case.
+        if not verify or trust_bundle is not None:
+            result = Security.SSLSetSessionOption(
+                self.context, SecurityConst.kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth, True
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If there's a client cert, we need to use it.
+        if client_cert:
+            self._keychain, self._keychain_dir = _temporary_keychain()
+            self._client_cert_chain = _load_client_cert_chain(
+                self._keychain, client_cert, client_key
+            )
+            result = Security.SSLSetCertificate(self.context, self._client_cert_chain)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        while True:
+            with self._raise_on_error():
+                result = Security.SSLHandshake(self.context)
+
+                if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
+                    raise socket.timeout("handshake timed out")
+                elif result == SecurityConst.errSSLServerAuthCompleted:
+                    self._custom_validate(verify, trust_bundle)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    _assert_no_error(result)
+                    break
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    # Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs > 0:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def recv(self, bufsiz):
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufsiz)
+        bytes_read = self.recv_into(buffer, bufsiz)
+        data = buffer[:bytes_read]
+        return data
+
+    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None):
+        # Read short on EOF.
+        if self._closed:
+            return 0
+
+        if nbytes is None:
+            nbytes = len(buffer)
+
+        buffer = (ctypes.c_char * nbytes).from_buffer(buffer)
+        processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
+
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            result = Security.SSLRead(
+                self.context, buffer, nbytes, ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
+            )
+
+        # There are some result codes that we want to treat as "not always
+        # errors". Specifically, those are errSSLWouldBlock,
+        # errSSLClosedGraceful, and errSSLClosedNoNotify.
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
+            # If we didn't process any bytes, then this was just a time out.
+            # However, we can get errSSLWouldBlock in situations when we *did*
+            # read some data, and in those cases we should just read "short"
+            # and return.
+            if processed_bytes.value == 0:
+                # Timed out, no data read.
+                raise socket.timeout("recv timed out")
+        elif result in (
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful,
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedNoNotify,
+        ):
+            # The remote peer has closed this connection. We should do so as
+            # well. Note that we don't actually return here because in
+            # principle this could actually be fired along with return data.
+            # It's unlikely though.
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Ok, we read and probably succeeded. We should return whatever data
+        # was actually read.
+        return processed_bytes.value
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout):
+        self._timeout = timeout
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return self._timeout
+
+    def send(self, data):
+        processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
+
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            result = Security.SSLWrite(
+                self.context, data, len(data), ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
+            )
+
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock and processed_bytes.value == 0:
+            # Timed out
+            raise socket.timeout("send timed out")
+        else:
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # We sent, and probably succeeded. Tell them how much we sent.
+        return processed_bytes.value
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        total_sent = 0
+        while total_sent < len(data):
+            sent = self.send(data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
+            total_sent += sent
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            Security.SSLClose(self.context)
+
+    def close(self):
+        # TODO: should I do clean shutdown here? Do I have to?
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self._closed = True
+            if self.context:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self.context)
+                self.context = None
+            if self._client_cert_chain:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._client_cert_chain)
+                self._client_cert_chain = None
+            if self._keychain:
+                Security.SecKeychainDelete(self._keychain)
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._keychain)
+                shutil.rmtree(self._keychain_dir)
+                self._keychain = self._keychain_dir = None
+            return self.socket.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        # Urgh, annoying.
+        #
+        # Here's how we do this:
+        #
+        # 1. Call SSLCopyPeerTrust to get hold of the trust object for this
+        #    connection.
+        # 2. Call SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex for index 0 to get the leaf.
+        # 3. To get the CN, call SecCertificateCopyCommonName and process that
+        #    string so that it's of the appropriate type.
+        # 4. To get the SAN, we need to do something a bit more complex:
+        #    a. Call SecCertificateCopyValues to get the data, requesting
+        #       kSecOIDSubjectAltName.
+        #    b. Mess about with this dictionary to try to get the SANs out.
+        #
+        # This is gross. Really gross. It's going to be a few hundred LoC extra
+        # just to repeat something that SecureTransport can *already do*. So my
+        # operating assumption at this time is that what we want to do is
+        # instead to just flag to urllib3 that it shouldn't do its own hostname
+        # validation when using SecureTransport.
+        if not binary_form:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport only supports dumping binary certs")
+        trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+        certdata = None
+        der_bytes = None
+
+        try:
+            # Grab the trust store.
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+            if not trust:
+                # Probably we haven't done the handshake yet. No biggie.
+                return None
+
+            cert_count = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust)
+            if not cert_count:
+                # Also a case that might happen if we haven't handshaked.
+                # Handshook? Handshaken?
+                return None
+
+            leaf = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, 0)
+            assert leaf
+
+            # Ok, now we want the DER bytes.
+            certdata = Security.SecCertificateCopyData(leaf)
+            assert certdata
+
+            data_length = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength(certdata)
+            data_buffer = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr(certdata)
+            der_bytes = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, data_length)
+        finally:
+            if certdata:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
+            if trust:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
+
+        return der_bytes
+
+    def version(self):
+        protocol = Security.SSLProtocol()
+        result = Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion(
+            self.context, ctypes.byref(protocol)
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+        if protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol13:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3")
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12:
+            return "TLSv1.2"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11:
+            return "TLSv1.1"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1:
+            return "TLSv1"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3:
+            return "SSLv3"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2:
+            return "SSLv2"
+        else:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("Unknown TLS version: %r" % protocol)
+
+    def _reuse(self):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+
+    def _drop(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+
+if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+
+    def makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        # We disable buffering with SecureTransport because it conflicts with
+        # the buffering that ST does internally (see issue #1153 for more).
+        buffering = 0
+        return backport_makefile(self, mode, buffering, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
+
+
+class SecureTransportContext(object):
+    """
+    I am a wrapper class for the SecureTransport library, to translate the
+    interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object to calls into
+    SecureTransport.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._min_version, self._max_version = _protocol_to_min_max[protocol]
+        self._options = 0
+        self._verify = False
+        self._trust_bundle = None
+        self._client_cert = None
+        self._client_key = None
+        self._client_key_passphrase = None
+        self._alpn_protocols = None
+
+    @property
+    def check_hostname(self):
+        """
+        SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
+        see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @check_hostname.setter
+    def check_hostname(self, value):
+        """
+        SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
+        see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def options(self):
+        # TODO: Well, crap.
+        #
+        # So this is the bit of the code that is the most likely to cause us
+        # trouble. Essentially we need to enumerate all of the SSL options that
+        # users might want to use and try to see if we can sensibly translate
+        # them, or whether we should just ignore them.
+        return self._options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value):
+        # TODO: Update in line with above.
+        self._options = value
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self):
+        return ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if self._verify else ssl.CERT_NONE
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value):
+        self._verify = True if value == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED else False
+
+    def set_default_verify_paths(self):
+        # So, this has to do something a bit weird. Specifically, what it does
+        # is nothing.
+        #
+        # This means that, if we had previously had load_verify_locations
+        # called, this does not undo that. We need to do that because it turns
+        # out that the rest of the urllib3 code will attempt to load the
+        # default verify paths if it hasn't been told about any paths, even if
+        # the context itself was sometime earlier. We resolve that by just
+        # ignoring it.
+        pass
+
+    def load_default_certs(self):
+        return self.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
+        # For now, we just require the default cipher string.
+        if ciphers != util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport doesn't support custom cipher strings")
+
+    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+        # OK, we only really support cadata and cafile.
+        if capath is not None:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport does not support cert directories")
+
+        # Raise if cafile does not exist.
+        if cafile is not None:
+            with open(cafile):
+                pass
+
+        self._trust_bundle = cafile or cadata
+
+    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
+        self._client_cert = certfile
+        self._client_key = keyfile
+        self._client_cert_passphrase = password
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        """
+        Sets the ALPN protocols that will later be set on the context.
+
+        Raises a NotImplementedError if ALPN is not supported.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(Security, "SSLSetALPNProtocols"):
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "SecureTransport supports ALPN only in macOS 10.12+"
+            )
+        self._alpn_protocols = [six.ensure_binary(p) for p in protocols]
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
+        # So, what do we do here? Firstly, we assert some properties. This is a
+        # stripped down shim, so there is some functionality we don't support.
+        # See PEP 543 for the real deal.
+        assert not server_side
+        assert do_handshake_on_connect
+        assert suppress_ragged_eofs
+
+        # Ok, we're good to go. Now we want to create the wrapped socket object
+        # and store it in the appropriate place.
+        wrapped_socket = WrappedSocket(sock)
+
+        # Now we can handshake
+        wrapped_socket.handshake(
+            server_hostname,
+            self._verify,
+            self._trust_bundle,
+            self._min_version,
+            self._max_version,
+            self._client_cert,
+            self._client_key,
+            self._client_key_passphrase,
+            self._alpn_protocols,
+        )
+        return wrapped_socket
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c326e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+This module contains provisional support for SOCKS proxies from within
+urllib3. This module supports SOCKS4, SOCKS4A (an extension of SOCKS4), and
+SOCKS5. To enable its functionality, either install PySocks or install this
+module with the ``socks`` extra.
+
+The SOCKS implementation supports the full range of urllib3 features. It also
+supports the following SOCKS features:
+
+- SOCKS4A (``proxy_url='socks4a://...``)
+- SOCKS4 (``proxy_url='socks4://...``)
+- SOCKS5 with remote DNS (``proxy_url='socks5h://...``)
+- SOCKS5 with local DNS (``proxy_url='socks5://...``)
+- Usernames and passwords for the SOCKS proxy
+
+.. note::
+   It is recommended to use ``socks5h://`` or ``socks4a://`` schemes in
+   your ``proxy_url`` to ensure that DNS resolution is done from the remote
+   server instead of client-side when connecting to a domain name.
+
+SOCKS4 supports IPv4 and domain names with the SOCKS4A extension. SOCKS5
+supports IPv4, IPv6, and domain names.
+
+When connecting to a SOCKS4 proxy the ``username`` portion of the ``proxy_url``
+will be sent as the ``userid`` section of the SOCKS request:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    proxy_url="socks4a://<userid>@proxy-host"
+
+When connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy the ``username`` and ``password`` portion
+of the ``proxy_url`` will be sent as the username/password to authenticate
+with the proxy:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    proxy_url="socks5h://<username>:<password>@proxy-host"
+
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    import socks
+except ImportError:
+    import warnings
+
+    from ..exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "SOCKS support in urllib3 requires the installation of optional "
+            "dependencies: specifically, PySocks.  For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/contrib.html#socks-proxies"
+        ),
+        DependencyWarning,
+    )
+    raise
+
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from ..connection import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
+from ..connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
+from ..exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError, NewConnectionError
+from ..poolmanager import PoolManager
+from ..util.url import parse_url
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+
+
+class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    """
+    A plain-text HTTP connection that connects via a SOCKS proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._socks_options = kwargs.pop("_socks_options")
+        super(SOCKSConnection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Establish a new connection via the SOCKS proxy.
+        """
+        extra_kw = {}
+        if self.source_address:
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
+
+        if self.socket_options:
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
+
+        try:
+            conn = socks.create_connection(
+                (self.host, self.port),
+                proxy_type=self._socks_options["socks_version"],
+                proxy_addr=self._socks_options["proxy_host"],
+                proxy_port=self._socks_options["proxy_port"],
+                proxy_username=self._socks_options["username"],
+                proxy_password=self._socks_options["password"],
+                proxy_rdns=self._socks_options["rdns"],
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                **extra_kw
+            )
+
+        except SocketTimeout:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
+
+        except socks.ProxyError as e:
+            # This is fragile as hell, but it seems to be the only way to raise
+            # useful errors here.
+            if e.socket_err:
+                error = e.socket_err
+                if isinstance(error, SocketTimeout):
+                    raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                        self,
+                        "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                        % (self.host, self.timeout),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise NewConnectionError(
+                        self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % error
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise NewConnectionError(
+                    self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+                )
+
+        except SocketError as e:  # Defensive: PySocks should catch all these.
+            raise NewConnectionError(
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+
+# We don't need to duplicate the Verified/Unverified distinction from
+# urllib3/connection.py here because the HTTPSConnection will already have been
+# correctly set to either the Verified or Unverified form by that module. This
+# means the SOCKSHTTPSConnection will automatically be the correct type.
+class SOCKSHTTPSConnection(SOCKSConnection, HTTPSConnection):
+    pass
+
+
+class SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SOCKSConnection
+
+
+class SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SOCKSHTTPSConnection
+
+
+class SOCKSProxyManager(PoolManager):
+    """
+    A version of the urllib3 ProxyManager that routes connections via the
+    defined SOCKS proxy.
+    """
+
+    pool_classes_by_scheme = {
+        "http": SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool,
+        "https": SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
+        parsed = parse_url(proxy_url)
+
+        if username is None and password is None and parsed.auth is not None:
+            split = parsed.auth.split(":")
+            if len(split) == 2:
+                username, password = split
+        if parsed.scheme == "socks5":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
+            rdns = False
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks5h":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
+            rdns = True
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
+            rdns = False
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4a":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
+            rdns = True
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unable to determine SOCKS version from %s" % proxy_url)
+
+        self.proxy_url = proxy_url
+
+        socks_options = {
+            "socks_version": socks_version,
+            "proxy_host": parsed.host,
+            "proxy_port": parsed.port,
+            "username": username,
+            "password": password,
+            "rdns": rdns,
+        }
+        connection_pool_kw["_socks_options"] = socks_options
+
+        super(SOCKSProxyManager, self).__init__(
+            num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw
+        )
+
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = SOCKSProxyManager.pool_classes_by_scheme
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cba6f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
+
+# Base Exceptions
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """Base exception used by this module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HTTPWarning(Warning):
+    """Base warning used by this module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class PoolError(HTTPError):
+    """Base exception for errors caused within a pool."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, message):
+        self.pool = pool
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # For pickling purposes.
+        return self.__class__, (None, None)
+
+
+class RequestError(PoolError):
+    """Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, message):
+        self.url = url
+        PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # For pickling purposes.
+        return self.__class__, (None, self.url, None)
+
+
+class SSLError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when the connection to a proxy fails."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message, error, *args):
+        super(ProxyError, self).__init__(message, error, *args)
+        self.original_error = error
+
+
+class DecodeError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProtocolError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when something unexpected happens mid-request/response."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+#: Renamed to ProtocolError but aliased for backwards compatibility.
+ConnectionError = ProtocolError
+
+
+# Leaf Exceptions
+
+
+class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
+    """Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded.
+
+    :param pool: The connection pool
+    :type pool: :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
+    :param string url: The requested Url
+    :param exceptions.Exception reason: The underlying error
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, reason=None):
+        self.reason = reason
+
+        message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s (Caused by %r)" % (url, reason)
+
+        RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
+
+
+class HostChangedError(RequestError):
+    """Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, retries=3):
+        message = "Tried to open a foreign host with url: %s" % url
+        RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
+        self.retries = retries
+
+
+class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout error occurs.
+
+    Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
+    <ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadTimeoutError(TimeoutError, RequestError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout occurs while receiving data from a server"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+# This timeout error does not have a URL attached and needs to inherit from the
+# base HTTPError
+class ConnectTimeoutError(TimeoutError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout occurs while connecting to a server"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class NewConnectionError(ConnectTimeoutError, PoolError):
+    """Raised when we fail to establish a new connection. Usually ECONNREFUSED."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
+    """Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
+    """Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class LocationValueError(ValueError, HTTPError):
+    """Raised when there is something wrong with a given URL input."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class LocationParseError(LocationValueError):
+    """Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."""
+
+    def __init__(self, location):
+        message = "Failed to parse: %s" % location
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, message)
+
+        self.location = location
+
+
+class URLSchemeUnknown(LocationValueError):
+    """Raised when a URL input has an unsupported scheme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme):
+        message = "Not supported URL scheme %s" % scheme
+        super(URLSchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
+
+        self.scheme = scheme
+
+
+class ResponseError(HTTPError):
+    """Used as a container for an error reason supplied in a MaxRetryError."""
+
+    GENERIC_ERROR = "too many error responses"
+    SPECIFIC_ERROR = "too many {status_code} error responses"
+
+
+class SecurityWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """Warned when performing security reducing actions"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SubjectAltNameWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when connecting to a host with a certificate missing a SAN."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecureRequestWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when making an unverified HTTPS request."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SystemTimeWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when system time is suspected to be wrong"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecurePlatformWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when certain TLS/SSL configuration is not available on a platform."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SNIMissingWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """Warned when making a HTTPS request without SNI available."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class DependencyWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """
+    Warned when an attempt is made to import a module with missing optional
+    dependencies.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ResponseNotChunked(ProtocolError, ValueError):
+    """Response needs to be chunked in order to read it as chunks."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class BodyNotHttplibCompatible(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Body should be :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` like
+    (have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks) for read_chunked().
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
+    """
+    Response length doesn't match expected Content-Length
+
+    Subclass of :class:`http.client.IncompleteRead` to allow int value
+    for ``partial`` to avoid creating large objects on streamed reads.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, partial, expected):
+        super(IncompleteRead, self).__init__(partial, expected)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, %i more expected)" % (
+            self.partial,
+            self.expected,
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidChunkLength(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
+    """Invalid chunk length in a chunked response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, response, length):
+        super(InvalidChunkLength, self).__init__(
+            response.tell(), response.length_remaining
+        )
+        self.response = response
+        self.length = length
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "InvalidChunkLength(got length %r, %i bytes read)" % (
+            self.length,
+            self.partial,
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(HTTPError):
+    """The header provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxySchemeUnknown(AssertionError, URLSchemeUnknown):
+    """ProxyManager does not support the supplied scheme"""
+
+    # TODO(t-8ch): Stop inheriting from AssertionError in v2.0.
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme):
+        # 'localhost' is here because our URL parser parses
+        # localhost:8080 -> scheme=localhost, remove if we fix this.
+        if scheme == "localhost":
+            scheme = None
+        if scheme is None:
+            message = "Proxy URL had no scheme, should start with http:// or https://"
+        else:
+            message = (
+                "Proxy URL had unsupported scheme %s, should use http:// or https://"
+                % scheme
+            )
+        super(ProxySchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
+
+
+class ProxySchemeUnsupported(ValueError):
+    """Fetching HTTPS resources through HTTPS proxies is unsupported"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HeaderParsingError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised by assert_header_parsing, but we convert it to a log.warning statement."""
+
+    def __init__(self, defects, unparsed_data):
+        message = "%s, unparsed data: %r" % (defects or "Unknown", unparsed_data)
+        super(HeaderParsingError, self).__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnrewindableBodyError(HTTPError):
+    """urllib3 encountered an error when trying to rewind a body"""
+
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d630f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import email.utils
+import mimetypes
+import re
+
+from .packages import six
+
+
+def guess_content_type(filename, default="application/octet-stream"):
+    """
+    Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
+
+    :param filename:
+        The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
+    :param default:
+        If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
+    """
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
+    return default
+
+
+def format_header_param_rfc2231(name, value):
+    """
+    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
+    strategy defined in RFC 2231.
+
+    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
+    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows
+    `RFC 2388 Section 4.4 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-4.4>`_.
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+    :param value:
+        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
+    :ret:
+        An RFC-2231-formatted unicode string.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
+        result = u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+        try:
+            result.encode("ascii")
+        except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            return result
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2:
+        value = value.encode("utf-8")
+
+    # encode_rfc2231 accepts an encoded string and returns an ascii-encoded
+    # string in Python 2 but accepts and returns unicode strings in Python 3
+    value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
+    value = "%s*=%s" % (name, value)
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2:
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    return value
+
+
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS = {
+    u"\u0022": u"%22",
+    # Replace "\" with "\\".
+    u"\u005C": u"\u005C\u005C",
+}
+
+# All control characters from 0x00 to 0x1F *except* 0x1B.
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {
+        six.unichr(cc): u"%{:02X}".format(cc)
+        for cc in range(0x00, 0x1F + 1)
+        if cc not in (0x1B,)
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _replace_multiple(value, needles_and_replacements):
+    def replacer(match):
+        return needles_and_replacements[match.group(0)]
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r"|".join([re.escape(needle) for needle in needles_and_replacements.keys()])
+    )
+
+    result = pattern.sub(replacer, value)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def format_header_param_html5(name, value):
+    """
+    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
+    HTML5 strategy.
+
+    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
+    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows the `HTML5 Working Draft
+    Section 4.10.22.7`_ and matches the behavior of curl and modern browsers.
+
+    .. _HTML5 Working Draft Section 4.10.22.7:
+        https://w3c.github.io/html/sec-forms.html#multipart-form-data
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+    :param value:
+        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
+    :ret:
+        A unicode string, stripped of troublesome characters.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    value = _replace_multiple(value, _HTML5_REPLACEMENTS)
+
+    return u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+
+
+# For backwards-compatibility.
+format_header_param = format_header_param_html5
+
+
+class RequestField(object):
+    """
+    A data container for request body parameters.
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of this request field. Must be unicode.
+    :param data:
+        The data/value body.
+    :param filename:
+        An optional filename of the request field. Must be unicode.
+    :param headers:
+        An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.
+    :param header_formatter:
+        An optional callable that is used to encode and format the headers. By
+        default, this is :func:`format_header_param_html5`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name,
+        data,
+        filename=None,
+        headers=None,
+        header_formatter=format_header_param_html5,
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._filename = filename
+        self.data = data
+        self.headers = {}
+        if headers:
+            self.headers = dict(headers)
+        self.header_formatter = header_formatter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_tuples(cls, fieldname, value, header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
+        """
+        A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
+
+        Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from
+        parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a
+        (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional.
+        For example::
+
+            'foo': 'bar',
+            'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
+            'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
+            'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
+            'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
+
+        Field names and filenames must be unicode.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            if len(value) == 3:
+                filename, data, content_type = value
+            else:
+                filename, data = value
+                content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
+        else:
+            filename = None
+            content_type = None
+            data = value
+
+        request_param = cls(
+            fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
+        )
+        request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
+
+        return request_param
+
+    def _render_part(self, name, value):
+        """
+        Overridable helper function to format a single header parameter. By
+        default, this calls ``self.header_formatter``.
+
+        :param name:
+            The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+        :param value:
+            The value of the parameter, provided as a unicode string.
+        """
+
+        return self.header_formatter(name, value)
+
+    def _render_parts(self, header_parts):
+        """
+        Helper function to format and quote a single header.
+
+        Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
+        'Content-Disposition' fields.
+
+        :param header_parts:
+            A sequence of (k, v) tuples or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format
+            as `k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
+        """
+        parts = []
+        iterable = header_parts
+        if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
+            iterable = header_parts.items()
+
+        for name, value in iterable:
+            if value is not None:
+                parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
+
+        return u"; ".join(parts)
+
+    def render_headers(self):
+        """
+        Renders the headers for this request field.
+        """
+        lines = []
+
+        sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
+        for sort_key in sort_keys:
+            if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
+                lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
+
+        for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
+            if header_name not in sort_keys:
+                if header_value:
+                    lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (header_name, header_value))
+
+        lines.append(u"\r\n")
+        return u"\r\n".join(lines)
+
+    def make_multipart(
+        self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None, content_location=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
+
+        This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
+        "Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.
+
+        :param content_type:
+            The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
+        :param content_location:
+            The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
+
+        """
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition or u"form-data"
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] += u"; ".join(
+            [
+                u"",
+                self._render_parts(
+                    ((u"name", self._name), (u"filename", self._filename))
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+        self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c9252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import binascii
+import codecs
+import os
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from .fields import RequestField
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six import b
+
+writer = codecs.lookup("utf-8")[3]
+
+
+def choose_boundary():
+    """
+    Our embarrassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
+    """
+    boundary = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16))
+    if not six.PY2:
+        boundary = boundary.decode("ascii")
+    return boundary
+
+
+def iter_field_objects(fields):
+    """
+    Iterate over fields.
+
+    Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts, and lists of
+    :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(fields, dict):
+        i = six.iteritems(fields)
+    else:
+        i = iter(fields)
+
+    for field in i:
+        if isinstance(field, RequestField):
+            yield field
+        else:
+            yield RequestField.from_tuples(*field)
+
+
+def iter_fields(fields):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.6
+
+    Iterate over fields.
+
+    The addition of :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` makes this function
+    obsolete. Instead, use :func:`iter_field_objects`, which returns
+    :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` objects.
+
+    Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
+    """
+    if isinstance(fields, dict):
+        return ((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(fields))
+
+    return ((k, v) for k, v in fields)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
+    """
+    Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
+
+    :param fields:
+        Dictionary of fields or list of (key, :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`).
+
+    :param boundary:
+        If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
+        :func:`urllib3.filepost.choose_boundary`.
+    """
+    body = BytesIO()
+    if boundary is None:
+        boundary = choose_boundary()
+
+    for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
+        body.write(b("--%s\r\n" % (boundary)))
+
+        writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
+        data = field.data
+
+        if isinstance(data, int):
+            data = str(data)  # Backwards compatibility
+
+        if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
+            writer(body).write(data)
+        else:
+            body.write(data)
+
+        body.write(b"\r\n")
+
+    body.write(b("--%s--\r\n" % (boundary)))
+
+    content_type = str("multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary)
+
+    return body.getvalue(), content_type
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/__init__.py
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/__pycache__/weakref_finalize.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/__pycache__/weakref_finalize.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8fb215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+backports.makefile
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Backports the Python 3 ``socket.makefile`` method for use with anything that
+wants to create a "fake" socket object.
+"""
+import io
+from socket import SocketIO
+
+
+def backport_makefile(
+    self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+):
+    """
+    Backport of ``socket.makefile`` from Python 3.5.
+    """
+    if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
+        raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
+    writing = "w" in mode
+    reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+    assert reading or writing
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    rawmode = ""
+    if reading:
+        rawmode += "r"
+    if writing:
+        rawmode += "w"
+    raw = SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+    self._makefile_refs += 1
+    if buffering is None:
+        buffering = -1
+    if buffering < 0:
+        buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+    if buffering == 0:
+        if not binary:
+            raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+        return raw
+    if reading and writing:
+        buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+    elif reading:
+        buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+    else:
+        assert writing
+        buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+    if binary:
+        return buffer
+    text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+    text.mode = mode
+    return text
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f2966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+backports.weakref_finalize
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Backports the Python 3 ``weakref.finalize`` method.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import itertools
+import sys
+from weakref import ref
+
+__all__ = ["weakref_finalize"]
+
+
+class weakref_finalize(object):
+    """Class for finalization of weakrefable objects
+    finalize(obj, func, *args, **kwargs) returns a callable finalizer
+    object which will be called when obj is garbage collected. The
+    first time the finalizer is called it evaluates func(*arg, **kwargs)
+    and returns the result. After this the finalizer is dead, and
+    calling it just returns None.
+    When the program exits any remaining finalizers for which the
+    atexit attribute is true will be run in reverse order of creation.
+    By default atexit is true.
+    """
+
+    # Finalizer objects don't have any state of their own.  They are
+    # just used as keys to lookup _Info objects in the registry.  This
+    # ensures that they cannot be part of a ref-cycle.
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _registry = {}
+    _shutdown = False
+    _index_iter = itertools.count()
+    _dirty = False
+    _registered_with_atexit = False
+
+    class _Info(object):
+        __slots__ = ("weakref", "func", "args", "kwargs", "atexit", "index")
+
+    def __init__(self, obj, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        if not self._registered_with_atexit:
+            # We may register the exit function more than once because
+            # of a thread race, but that is harmless
+            import atexit
+
+            atexit.register(self._exitfunc)
+            weakref_finalize._registered_with_atexit = True
+        info = self._Info()
+        info.weakref = ref(obj, self)
+        info.func = func
+        info.args = args
+        info.kwargs = kwargs or None
+        info.atexit = True
+        info.index = next(self._index_iter)
+        self._registry[self] = info
+        weakref_finalize._dirty = True
+
+    def __call__(self, _=None):
+        """If alive then mark as dead and return func(*args, **kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.pop(self, None)
+        if info and not self._shutdown:
+            return info.func(*info.args, **(info.kwargs or {}))
+
+    def detach(self):
+        """If alive then mark as dead and return (obj, func, args, kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is not None and self._registry.pop(self, None):
+            return (obj, info.func, info.args, info.kwargs or {})
+
+    def peek(self):
+        """If alive then return (obj, func, args, kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is not None:
+            return (obj, info.func, info.args, info.kwargs or {})
+
+    @property
+    def alive(self):
+        """Whether finalizer is alive"""
+        return self in self._registry
+
+    @property
+    def atexit(self):
+        """Whether finalizer should be called at exit"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        return bool(info) and info.atexit
+
+    @atexit.setter
+    def atexit(self, value):
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        if info:
+            info.atexit = bool(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is None:
+            return "<%s object at %#x; dead>" % (type(self).__name__, id(self))
+        else:
+            return "<%s object at %#x; for %r at %#x>" % (
+                type(self).__name__,
+                id(self),
+                type(obj).__name__,
+                id(obj),
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _select_for_exit(cls):
+        # Return live finalizers marked for exit, oldest first
+        L = [(f, i) for (f, i) in cls._registry.items() if i.atexit]
+        L.sort(key=lambda item: item[1].index)
+        return [f for (f, i) in L]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _exitfunc(cls):
+        # At shutdown invoke finalizers for which atexit is true.
+        # This is called once all other non-daemonic threads have been
+        # joined.
+        reenable_gc = False
+        try:
+            if cls._registry:
+                import gc
+
+                if gc.isenabled():
+                    reenable_gc = True
+                    gc.disable()
+                pending = None
+                while True:
+                    if pending is None or weakref_finalize._dirty:
+                        pending = cls._select_for_exit()
+                        weakref_finalize._dirty = False
+                    if not pending:
+                        break
+                    f = pending.pop()
+                    try:
+                        # gc is disabled, so (assuming no daemonic
+                        # threads) the following is the only line in
+                        # this function which might trigger creation
+                        # of a new finalizer
+                        f()
+                    except Exception:
+                        sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
+                    assert f not in cls._registry
+        finally:
+            # prevent any more finalizers from executing during shutdown
+            weakref_finalize._shutdown = True
+            if reenable_gc:
+                gc.enable()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f099a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Benjamin Peterson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+
+__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
+__version__ = "1.16.0"
+
+
+# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = (str,)
+    integer_types = (int,)
+    class_types = (type,)
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
+else:
+    string_types = (basestring,)
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
+        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
+        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+    else:
+        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
+        class X(object):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1 << 31
+
+        try:
+            len(X())
+        except OverflowError:
+            # 32-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+        else:
+            # 64-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
+        del X
+
+if PY34:
+    from importlib.util import spec_from_loader
+else:
+    spec_from_loader = None
+
+
+def _add_doc(func, doc):
+    """Add documentation to a function."""
+    func.__doc__ = doc
+
+
+def _import_module(name):
+    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
+    __import__(name)
+    return sys.modules[name]
+
+
+class _LazyDescr(object):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
+        result = self._resolve()
+        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
+        try:
+            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
+            # removing this descriptor.
+            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+
+class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
+    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
+        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new is None:
+                new = name
+            self.mod = new
+        else:
+            self.mod = old
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        return _import_module(self.mod)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        _module = self._resolve()
+        value = getattr(_module, attr)
+        setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return value
+
+
+class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
+        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
+        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
+        return attrs
+
+    # Subclasses should override this
+    _moved_attributes = []
+
+
+class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
+    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
+        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new_mod is None:
+                new_mod = name
+            self.mod = new_mod
+            if new_attr is None:
+                if old_attr is None:
+                    new_attr = name
+                else:
+                    new_attr = old_attr
+            self.attr = new_attr
+        else:
+            self.mod = old_mod
+            if old_attr is None:
+                old_attr = name
+            self.attr = old_attr
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        module = _import_module(self.mod)
+        return getattr(module, self.attr)
+
+
+class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
+
+    """
+    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
+
+    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
+    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
+        self.name = six_module_name
+        self.known_modules = {}
+
+    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
+        for fullname in fullnames:
+            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
+
+    def _get_module(self, fullname):
+        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
+        return None
+
+    def __get_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            return self.known_modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            # in case of a reload
+            return sys.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
+        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
+            mod = mod._resolve()
+        else:
+            mod.__loader__ = self
+        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+        return mod
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Return true, if the named module is a package.
+
+        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
+        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
+        """
+        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
+
+    def get_code(self, fullname):
+        """Return None
+
+        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
+        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
+        return None
+
+    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
+
+    def create_module(self, spec):
+        return self.load_module(spec.name)
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        pass
+
+
+_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
+
+
+class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+
+
+_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
+    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
+    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
+    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
+    MovedAttribute("getoutput", "commands", "subprocess"),
+    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
+    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
+    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"
+    ),
+    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
+    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "collections_abc",
+        "collections",
+        "collections.abc" if sys.version_info >= (3, 3) else "collections",
+    ),
+    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_ndbm", "dbm", "dbm.ndbm"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "_dummy_thread",
+        "dummy_thread",
+        "_dummy_thread" if sys.version_info < (3, 9) else "_thread",
+    ),
+    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
+    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
+    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
+    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_image", "email.MIMEImage", "email.mime.image"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"
+    ),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
+    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
+    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
+    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
+    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
+    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser", "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog", "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
+]
+# Add windows specific modules.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    _moved_attributes += [
+        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
+    ]
+
+for attr in _moved_attributes:
+    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
+    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
+        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
+del attr
+
+_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
+
+moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
+_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
+
+
+_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "unquote_to_bytes", "urllib", "urllib.parse", "unquote", "unquote_to_bytes"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitvalue", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+    "moves.urllib_parse",
+    "moves.urllib.parse",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
+
+
+_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+    "moves.urllib_error",
+    "moves.urllib.error",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
+
+
+_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_http_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_keqv_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+    "moves.urllib_request",
+    "moves.urllib.request",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
+
+
+_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+    "moves.urllib_response",
+    "moves.urllib.response",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
+
+
+_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = (
+    _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+)
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+    "moves.urllib_robotparser",
+    "moves.urllib.robotparser",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
+
+    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
+    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
+    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
+    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
+    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ["parse", "error", "request", "response", "robotparser"]
+
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"), "moves.urllib"
+)
+
+
+def add_move(move):
+    """Add an item to six.moves."""
+    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
+
+
+def remove_move(name):
+    """Remove item from six.moves."""
+    try:
+        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            del moves.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    _meth_func = "__func__"
+    _meth_self = "__self__"
+
+    _func_closure = "__closure__"
+    _func_code = "__code__"
+    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
+    _func_globals = "__globals__"
+else:
+    _meth_func = "im_func"
+    _meth_self = "im_self"
+
+    _func_closure = "func_closure"
+    _func_code = "func_code"
+    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
+    _func_globals = "func_globals"
+
+
+try:
+    advance_iterator = next
+except NameError:
+
+    def advance_iterator(it):
+        return it.next()
+
+
+next = advance_iterator
+
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound
+
+    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return func
+
+    Iterator = object
+else:
+
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound.im_func
+
+    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
+        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
+
+    class Iterator(object):
+        def next(self):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+
+    callable = callable
+_add_doc(
+    get_unbound_function, """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function"""
+)
+
+
+get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
+get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
+get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
+get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
+get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
+get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.values(**kw))
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.items(**kw))
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
+else:
+
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return d.itervalues(**kw)
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return d.iteritems(**kw)
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterlists(**kw)
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
+
+_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems, "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(
+    iterlists, "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary."
+)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+
+    unichr = chr
+    import struct
+
+    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
+    del struct
+    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
+    indexbytes = operator.getitem
+    iterbytes = iter
+    import io
+
+    StringIO = io.StringIO
+    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
+    del io
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
+    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+    else:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegex"
+else:
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+
+    # Workaround for standalone backslash
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s.replace(r"\\", r"\\\\"), "unicode_escape")
+
+    unichr = unichr
+    int2byte = chr
+
+    def byte2int(bs):
+        return ord(bs[0])
+
+    def indexbytes(buf, i):
+        return ord(buf[i])
+
+    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
+    import StringIO
+
+    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
+    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+    _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
+_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
+
+
+def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertNotRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertNotRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        try:
+            if value is None:
+                value = tp()
+            if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+                raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+            raise value
+        finally:
+            value = None
+            tb = None
+
+else:
+
+    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if _globs_ is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
+            if _locs_ is None:
+                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif _locs_ is None:
+            _locs_ = _globs_
+        exec ("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
+
+    exec_(
+        """def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    try:
+        raise tp, value, tb
+    finally:
+        tb = None
+"""
+    )
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] > (3,):
+    exec_(
+        """def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    try:
+        raise value from from_value
+    finally:
+        value = None
+"""
+    )
+else:
+
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
+if print_ is None:
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
+        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
+        if fp is None:
+            return
+
+        def write(data):
+            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+                data = str(data)
+            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
+            if (
+                isinstance(fp, file)
+                and isinstance(data, unicode)
+                and fp.encoding is not None
+            ):
+                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
+                if errors is None:
+                    errors = "strict"
+                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
+            fp.write(data)
+
+        want_unicode = False
+        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
+        if sep is not None:
+            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
+                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
+        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
+        if end is not None:
+            if isinstance(end, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(end, str):
+                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
+        if not want_unicode:
+            for arg in args:
+                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
+                    want_unicode = True
+                    break
+        if want_unicode:
+            newline = unicode("\n")
+            space = unicode(" ")
+        else:
+            newline = "\n"
+            space = " "
+        if sep is None:
+            sep = space
+        if end is None:
+            end = newline
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i:
+                write(sep)
+            write(arg)
+        write(end)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
+    _print = print_
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
+        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
+        _print(*args, **kwargs)
+        if flush and fp is not None:
+            fp.flush()
+
+
+_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
+
+if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
+    # This does exactly the same what the :func:`py3:functools.update_wrapper`
+    # function does on Python versions after 3.2. It sets the ``__wrapped__``
+    # attribute on ``wrapper`` object and it doesn't raise an error if any of
+    # the attributes mentioned in ``assigned`` and ``updated`` are missing on
+    # ``wrapped`` object.
+    def _update_wrapper(
+        wrapper,
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
+        for attr in assigned:
+            try:
+                value = getattr(wrapped, attr)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+            else:
+                setattr(wrapper, attr, value)
+        for attr in updated:
+            getattr(wrapper, attr).update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
+        wrapper.__wrapped__ = wrapped
+        return wrapper
+
+    _update_wrapper.__doc__ = functools.update_wrapper.__doc__
+
+    def wraps(
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
+        return functools.partial(
+            _update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped, assigned=assigned, updated=updated
+        )
+
+    wraps.__doc__ = functools.wraps.__doc__
+
+else:
+    wraps = functools.wraps
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(type):
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+                # This version introduced PEP 560 that requires a bit
+                # of extra care (we mimic what is done by __build_class__).
+                resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(bases)
+                if resolved_bases is not bases:
+                    d["__orig_bases__"] = bases
+            else:
+                resolved_bases = bases
+            return meta(name, resolved_bases, d)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __prepare__(cls, name, this_bases):
+            return meta.__prepare__(name, bases)
+
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
+
+
+def add_metaclass(metaclass):
+    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+
+    def wrapper(cls):
+        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
+        slots = orig_vars.get("__slots__")
+        if slots is not None:
+            if isinstance(slots, str):
+                slots = [slots]
+            for slots_var in slots:
+                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
+        orig_vars.pop("__dict__", None)
+        orig_vars.pop("__weakref__", None)
+        if hasattr(cls, "__qualname__"):
+            orig_vars["__qualname__"] = cls.__qualname__
+        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def ensure_binary(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce **s** to six.binary_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> encoded to `bytes`
+      - `bytes` -> `bytes`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def ensure_str(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce *s* to `str`.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    # Optimization: Fast return for the common case.
+    if type(s) is str:
+        return s
+    if PY2 and isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    elif PY3 and isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif not isinstance(s, (text_type, binary_type)):
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+    return s
+
+
+def ensure_text(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce *s* to six.text_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> `unicode`
+      - `str` -> `unicode`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A class decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if PY2:
+        if "__str__" not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." % klass.__name__
+            )
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
+    return klass
+
+
+# Complete the moves implementation.
+# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
+# Turn this module into a package.
+__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
+__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
+if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
+    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
+# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
+# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
+# this for some reason.)
+if sys.meta_path:
+    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
+        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
+        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
+        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
+        # inserted an importer with different class.
+        if (
+            type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter"
+            and importer.name == __name__
+        ):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+            break
+    del i, importer
+# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
+sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8de7c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import collections
+import functools
+import logging
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict, RecentlyUsedContainer
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, port_by_scheme
+from .exceptions import (
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProxySchemeUnknown,
+    ProxySchemeUnsupported,
+    URLSchemeUnknown,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from .request import RequestMethods
+from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.url import parse_url
+
+__all__ = ["PoolManager", "ProxyManager", "proxy_from_url"]
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SSL_KEYWORDS = (
+    "key_file",
+    "cert_file",
+    "cert_reqs",
+    "ca_certs",
+    "ssl_version",
+    "ca_cert_dir",
+    "ssl_context",
+    "key_password",
+    "server_hostname",
+)
+
+# All known keyword arguments that could be provided to the pool manager, its
+# pools, or the underlying connections. This is used to construct a pool key.
+_key_fields = (
+    "key_scheme",  # str
+    "key_host",  # str
+    "key_port",  # int
+    "key_timeout",  # int or float or Timeout
+    "key_retries",  # int or Retry
+    "key_strict",  # bool
+    "key_block",  # bool
+    "key_source_address",  # str
+    "key_key_file",  # str
+    "key_key_password",  # str
+    "key_cert_file",  # str
+    "key_cert_reqs",  # str
+    "key_ca_certs",  # str
+    "key_ssl_version",  # str
+    "key_ca_cert_dir",  # str
+    "key_ssl_context",  # instance of ssl.SSLContext or urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext
+    "key_maxsize",  # int
+    "key_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy",  # parsed proxy url
+    "key__proxy_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy_config",  # class
+    "key_socket_options",  # list of (level (int), optname (int), value (int or str)) tuples
+    "key__socks_options",  # dict
+    "key_assert_hostname",  # bool or string
+    "key_assert_fingerprint",  # str
+    "key_server_hostname",  # str
+)
+
+#: The namedtuple class used to construct keys for the connection pool.
+#: All custom key schemes should include the fields in this key at a minimum.
+PoolKey = collections.namedtuple("PoolKey", _key_fields)
+
+_proxy_config_fields = ("ssl_context", "use_forwarding_for_https")
+ProxyConfig = collections.namedtuple("ProxyConfig", _proxy_config_fields)
+
+
+def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
+    """
+    Create a pool key out of a request context dictionary.
+
+    According to RFC 3986, both the scheme and host are case-insensitive.
+    Therefore, this function normalizes both before constructing the pool
+    key for an HTTPS request. If you wish to change this behaviour, provide
+    alternate callables to ``key_fn_by_scheme``.
+
+    :param key_class:
+        The class to use when constructing the key. This should be a namedtuple
+        with the ``scheme`` and ``host`` keys at a minimum.
+    :type  key_class: namedtuple
+    :param request_context:
+        A dictionary-like object that contain the context for a request.
+    :type  request_context: dict
+
+    :return: A namedtuple that can be used as a connection pool key.
+    :rtype:  PoolKey
+    """
+    # Since we mutate the dictionary, make a copy first
+    context = request_context.copy()
+    context["scheme"] = context["scheme"].lower()
+    context["host"] = context["host"].lower()
+
+    # These are both dictionaries and need to be transformed into frozensets
+    for key in ("headers", "_proxy_headers", "_socks_options"):
+        if key in context and context[key] is not None:
+            context[key] = frozenset(context[key].items())
+
+    # The socket_options key may be a list and needs to be transformed into a
+    # tuple.
+    socket_opts = context.get("socket_options")
+    if socket_opts is not None:
+        context["socket_options"] = tuple(socket_opts)
+
+    # Map the kwargs to the names in the namedtuple - this is necessary since
+    # namedtuples can't have fields starting with '_'.
+    for key in list(context.keys()):
+        context["key_" + key] = context.pop(key)
+
+    # Default to ``None`` for keys missing from the context
+    for field in key_class._fields:
+        if field not in context:
+            context[field] = None
+
+    return key_class(**context)
+
+
+#: A dictionary that maps a scheme to a callable that creates a pool key.
+#: This can be used to alter the way pool keys are constructed, if desired.
+#: Each PoolManager makes a copy of this dictionary so they can be configured
+#: globally here, or individually on the instance.
+key_fn_by_scheme = {
+    "http": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+    "https": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+}
+
+pool_classes_by_scheme = {"http": HTTPConnectionPool, "https": HTTPSConnectionPool}
+
+
+class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
+    necessary connection pools for you.
+
+    :param num_pools:
+        Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least
+        recently used pool.
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+
+    :param \\**connection_pool_kw:
+        Additional parameters are used to create fresh
+        :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> manager = PoolManager(num_pools=2)
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/mail')
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://yahoo.com/')
+        >>> len(manager.pools)
+        2
+
+    """
+
+    proxy = None
+    proxy_config = None
+
+    def __init__(self, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+        if "retries" in connection_pool_kw:
+            retries = connection_pool_kw["retries"]
+            if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+                # When Retry is initialized, raise_on_redirect is based
+                # on a redirect boolean value.
+                # But requests made via a pool manager always set
+                # redirect to False, and raise_on_redirect always ends
+                # up being False consequently.
+                # Here we fix the issue by setting raise_on_redirect to
+                # a value needed by the pool manager without considering
+                # the redirect boolean.
+                raise_on_redirect = retries is not False
+                retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=False)
+                retries.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
+                connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw.copy()
+                connection_pool_kw["retries"] = retries
+        self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
+        self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools)
+
+        # Locally set the pool classes and keys so other PoolManagers can
+        # override them.
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = pool_classes_by_scheme
+        self.key_fn_by_scheme = key_fn_by_scheme.copy()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.clear()
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def _new_pool(self, scheme, host, port, request_context=None):
+        """
+        Create a new :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on host, port, scheme, and
+        any additional pool keyword arguments.
+
+        If ``request_context`` is provided, it is provided as keyword arguments
+        to the pool class used. This method is used to actually create the
+        connection pools handed out by :meth:`connection_from_url` and
+        companion methods. It is intended to be overridden for customization.
+        """
+        pool_cls = self.pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
+        if request_context is None:
+            request_context = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
+
+        # Although the context has everything necessary to create the pool,
+        # this function has historically only used the scheme, host, and port
+        # in the positional args. When an API change is acceptable these can
+        # be removed.
+        for key in ("scheme", "host", "port"):
+            request_context.pop(key, None)
+
+        if scheme == "http":
+            for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
+                request_context.pop(kw, None)
+
+        return pool_cls(host, port, **request_context)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
+
+        This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
+        re-used after completion.
+        """
+        self.pools.clear()
+
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
+
+        If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
+        ``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``. If ``pool_kwargs`` is
+        provided, it is merged with the instance's ``connection_pool_kw``
+        variable and used to create the new connection pool, if one is
+        needed.
+        """
+
+        if not host:
+            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
+
+        request_context = self._merge_pool_kwargs(pool_kwargs)
+        request_context["scheme"] = scheme or "http"
+        if not port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context["scheme"].lower(), 80)
+        request_context["port"] = port
+        request_context["host"] = host
+
+        return self.connection_from_context(request_context)
+
+    def connection_from_context(self, request_context):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the request context.
+
+        ``request_context`` must at least contain the ``scheme`` key and its
+        value must be a key in ``key_fn_by_scheme`` instance variable.
+        """
+        scheme = request_context["scheme"].lower()
+        pool_key_constructor = self.key_fn_by_scheme.get(scheme)
+        if not pool_key_constructor:
+            raise URLSchemeUnknown(scheme)
+        pool_key = pool_key_constructor(request_context)
+
+        return self.connection_from_pool_key(pool_key, request_context=request_context)
+
+    def connection_from_pool_key(self, pool_key, request_context=None):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the provided pool key.
+
+        ``pool_key`` should be a namedtuple that only contains immutable
+        objects. At a minimum it must have the ``scheme``, ``host``, and
+        ``port`` fields.
+        """
+        with self.pools.lock:
+            # If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open
+            # connections, open a new ConnectionPool.
+            pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
+            if pool:
+                return pool
+
+            # Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
+            scheme = request_context["scheme"]
+            host = request_context["host"]
+            port = request_context["port"]
+            pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port, request_context=request_context)
+            self.pools[pool_key] = pool
+
+        return pool
+
+    def connection_from_url(self, url, pool_kwargs=None):
+        """
+        Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url`.
+
+        If ``pool_kwargs`` is not provided and a new pool needs to be
+        constructed, ``self.connection_pool_kw`` is used to initialize
+        the :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool`. If ``pool_kwargs``
+        is provided, it is used instead. Note that if a new pool does not
+        need to be created for the request, the provided ``pool_kwargs`` are
+        not used.
+        """
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        return self.connection_from_host(
+            u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _merge_pool_kwargs(self, override):
+        """
+        Merge a dictionary of override values for self.connection_pool_kw.
+
+        This does not modify self.connection_pool_kw and returns a new dict.
+        Any keys in the override dictionary with a value of ``None`` are
+        removed from the merged dictionary.
+        """
+        base_pool_kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
+        if override:
+            for key, value in override.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del base_pool_kwargs[key]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    base_pool_kwargs[key] = value
+        return base_pool_kwargs
+
+    def _proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(self, parsed_url):
+        """
+        Indicates if the proxy requires the complete destination URL in the
+        request.  Normally this is only needed when not using an HTTP CONNECT
+        tunnel.
+        """
+        if self.proxy is None:
+            return False
+
+        return not connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, parsed_url.scheme
+        )
+
+    def _validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(self, url_scheme):
+        """
+        Validates that were not attempting to do TLS in TLS connections on
+        Python2 or with unsupported SSL implementations.
+        """
+        if self.proxy is None or url_scheme != "https":
+            return
+
+        if self.proxy.scheme != "https":
+            return
+
+        if six.PY2 and not self.proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https:
+            raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                "Contacting HTTPS destinations through HTTPS proxies "
+                "'via CONNECT tunnels' is not supported in Python 2"
+            )
+
+    def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
+        """
+        Same as :meth:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
+        with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
+        portion of the ``url``.
+
+        The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
+        :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
+        """
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        self._validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(u.scheme)
+
+        conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
+
+        kw["assert_same_host"] = False
+        kw["redirect"] = False
+
+        if "headers" not in kw:
+            kw["headers"] = self.headers.copy()
+
+        if self._proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(u):
+            response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
+        else:
+            response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
+
+        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
+        if not redirect_location:
+            return response
+
+        # Support relative URLs for redirecting.
+        redirect_location = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
+
+        if response.status == 303:
+            # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
+            method = "GET"
+            # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
+            kw["body"] = None
+            kw["headers"] = HTTPHeaderDict(kw["headers"])._prepare_for_method_change()
+
+        retries = kw.get("retries", response.retries)
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect)
+
+        # Strip headers marked as unsafe to forward to the redirected location.
+        # Check remove_headers_on_redirect to avoid a potential network call within
+        # conn.is_same_host() which may use socket.gethostbyname() in the future.
+        if retries.remove_headers_on_redirect and not conn.is_same_host(
+            redirect_location
+        ):
+            headers = list(six.iterkeys(kw["headers"]))
+            for header in headers:
+                if header.lower() in retries.remove_headers_on_redirect:
+                    kw["headers"].pop(header, None)
+
+        try:
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=conn)
+        except MaxRetryError:
+            if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                response.drain_conn()
+                raise
+            return response
+
+        kw["retries"] = retries
+        kw["redirect"] = redirect
+
+        log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+
+        response.drain_conn()
+        return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
+
+
+class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
+    """
+    Behaves just like :class:`PoolManager`, but sends all requests through
+    the defined proxy, using the CONNECT method for HTTPS URLs.
+
+    :param proxy_url:
+        The URL of the proxy to be used.
+
+    :param proxy_headers:
+        A dictionary containing headers that will be sent to the proxy. In case
+        of HTTP they are being sent with each request, while in the
+        HTTPS/CONNECT case they are sent only once. Could be used for proxy
+        authentication.
+
+    :param proxy_ssl_context:
+        The proxy SSL context is used to establish the TLS connection to the
+        proxy when using HTTPS proxies.
+
+    :param use_forwarding_for_https:
+        (Defaults to False) If set to True will forward requests to the HTTPS
+        proxy to be made on behalf of the client instead of creating a TLS
+        tunnel via the CONNECT method. **Enabling this flag means that request
+        and response headers and content will be visible from the HTTPS proxy**
+        whereas tunneling keeps request and response headers and content
+        private.  IP address, target hostname, SNI, and port are always visible
+        to an HTTPS proxy even when this flag is disabled.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> proxy = urllib3.ProxyManager('http://localhost:3128/')
+        >>> r1 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
+        >>> r2 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/')
+        >>> len(proxy.pools)
+        1
+        >>> r3 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/')
+        >>> r4 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://twitter.com/')
+        >>> len(proxy.pools)
+        3
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        proxy_headers=None,
+        proxy_ssl_context=None,
+        use_forwarding_for_https=False,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
+
+        if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
+            proxy_url = "%s://%s:%i" % (
+                proxy_url.scheme,
+                proxy_url.host,
+                proxy_url.port,
+            )
+        proxy = parse_url(proxy_url)
+
+        if proxy.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
+            raise ProxySchemeUnknown(proxy.scheme)
+
+        if not proxy.port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
+            proxy = proxy._replace(port=port)
+
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
+        self.proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig(proxy_ssl_context, use_forwarding_for_https)
+
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy"] = self.proxy
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_headers"] = self.proxy_headers
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
+
+        super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
+
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
+        if scheme == "https":
+            return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
+                host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+
+        return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
+            self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _set_proxy_headers(self, url, headers=None):
+        """
+        Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
+        headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
+        """
+        headers_ = {"Accept": "*/*"}
+
+        netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
+        if netloc:
+            headers_["Host"] = netloc
+
+        if headers:
+            headers_.update(headers)
+        return headers_
+
+    def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
+        "Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        if not connection_requires_http_tunnel(self.proxy, self.proxy_config, u.scheme):
+            # For connections using HTTP CONNECT, httplib sets the necessary
+            # headers on the CONNECT to the proxy. If we're not using CONNECT,
+            # we'll definitely need to set 'Host' at the very least.
+            headers = kw.get("headers", self.headers)
+            kw["headers"] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
+
+        return super(ProxyManager, self).urlopen(method, url, redirect=redirect, **kw)
+
+
+def proxy_from_url(url, **kw):
+    return ProxyManager(proxy_url=url, **kw)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b4cf99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import sys
+
+from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+__all__ = ["RequestMethods"]
+
+
+class RequestMethods(object):
+    """
+    Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such
+    as :class:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool` and
+    :class:`urllib3.PoolManager`.
+
+    Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and
+    decides which type of request field encoding to use.
+
+    Specifically,
+
+    :meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are
+    encoded in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE).
+
+    :meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are
+    encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-form-urlencoded
+    (such as for POST, PUT, PATCH).
+
+    :meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the
+    appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make
+    the request.
+
+    Initializer parameters:
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+    """
+
+    _encode_url_methods = {"DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
+
+    def __init__(self, headers=None):
+        self.headers = headers or {}
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **kw
+    ):  # Abstract
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
+            "their own ``urlopen`` method."
+        )
+
+    def request(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of
+        ``fields`` based on the ``method`` used.
+
+        This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual
+        effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the
+        option to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as
+        :meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`,
+        or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`.
+        """
+        method = method.upper()
+
+        urlopen_kw["request_url"] = url
+
+        if method in self._encode_url_methods:
+            return self.request_encode_url(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
+        else:
+            return self.request_encode_body(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
+
+    def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
+        the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        extra_kw = {"headers": headers}
+        extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
+
+        if fields:
+            url += "?" + urlencode(fields)
+
+        return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
+
+    def request_encode_body(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        fields=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **urlopen_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
+        the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
+
+        When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then
+        :func:`urllib3.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode
+        the payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise
+        :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` is used with the
+        'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type.
+
+        Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably
+        safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request
+        signing, such as with OAuth.
+
+        Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND
+        key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where
+        the MIME type is optional. For example::
+
+            fields = {
+                'foo': 'bar',
+                'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
+                'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
+                'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(),
+                              'image/jpeg'),
+                'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
+            }
+
+        When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the
+        tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimic behavior of browsers.
+
+        Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will
+        be overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string
+        which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary
+        string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter.
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        extra_kw = {"headers": {}}
+
+        if fields:
+            if "body" in urlopen_kw:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one."
+                )
+
+            if encode_multipart:
+                body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(
+                    fields, boundary=multipart_boundary
+                )
+            else:
+                body, content_type = (
+                    urlencode(fields),
+                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+                )
+
+            extra_kw["body"] = body
+            extra_kw["headers"] = {"Content-Type": content_type}
+
+        extra_kw["headers"].update(headers)
+        extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
+
+        return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
+
+
+if not six.PY2:
+
+    class RequestModule(sys.modules[__name__].__class__):
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            If user tries to call this module directly urllib3 v2.x style raise an error to the user
+            suggesting they may need urllib3 v2
+            """
+            raise TypeError(
+                "'module' object is not callable\n"
+                "urllib3.request() method is not supported in this release, "
+                "upgrade to urllib3 v2 to use it\n"
+                "see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/stable/v2-migration-guide.html"
+            )
+
+    sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = RequestModule
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8909f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import io
+import logging
+import sys
+import warnings
+import zlib
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+brotli = None
+
+from . import util
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
+from .connection import BaseSSLError, HTTPException
+from .exceptions import (
+    BodyNotHttplibCompatible,
+    DecodeError,
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    InvalidChunkLength,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseNotChunked,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .util.response import is_fp_closed, is_response_to_head
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._first_try = True
+        self._data = b""
+        self._obj = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._obj, name)
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        if not data:
+            return data
+
+        if not self._first_try:
+            return self._obj.decompress(data)
+
+        self._data += data
+        try:
+            decompressed = self._obj.decompress(data)
+            if decompressed:
+                self._first_try = False
+                self._data = None
+            return decompressed
+        except zlib.error:
+            self._first_try = False
+            self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+            try:
+                return self.decompress(self._data)
+            finally:
+                self._data = None
+
+
+class GzipDecoderState(object):
+
+    FIRST_MEMBER = 0
+    OTHER_MEMBERS = 1
+    SWALLOW_DATA = 2
+
+
+class GzipDecoder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+        self._state = GzipDecoderState.FIRST_MEMBER
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._obj, name)
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        ret = bytearray()
+        if self._state == GzipDecoderState.SWALLOW_DATA or not data:
+            return bytes(ret)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                ret += self._obj.decompress(data)
+            except zlib.error:
+                previous_state = self._state
+                # Ignore data after the first error
+                self._state = GzipDecoderState.SWALLOW_DATA
+                if previous_state == GzipDecoderState.OTHER_MEMBERS:
+                    # Allow trailing garbage acceptable in other gzip clients
+                    return bytes(ret)
+                raise
+            data = self._obj.unused_data
+            if not data:
+                return bytes(ret)
+            self._state = GzipDecoderState.OTHER_MEMBERS
+            self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+
+
+if brotli is not None:
+
+    class BrotliDecoder(object):
+        # Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages
+        # since they share an import name. The top branches
+        # are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._obj = brotli.Decompressor()
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "decompress"):
+                self.decompress = self._obj.decompress
+            else:
+                self.decompress = self._obj.process
+
+        def flush(self):
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "flush"):
+                return self._obj.flush()
+            return b""
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(object):
+    """
+    From RFC7231:
+        If one or more encodings have been applied to a representation, the
+        sender that applied the encodings MUST generate a Content-Encoding
+        header field that lists the content codings in the order in which
+        they were applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, modes):
+        self._decoders = [_get_decoder(m.strip()) for m in modes.split(",")]
+
+    def flush(self):
+        return self._decoders[0].flush()
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        for d in reversed(self._decoders):
+            data = d.decompress(data)
+        return data
+
+
+def _get_decoder(mode):
+    if "," in mode:
+        return MultiDecoder(mode)
+
+    if mode == "gzip":
+        return GzipDecoder()
+
+    if brotli is not None and mode == "br":
+        return BrotliDecoder()
+
+    return DeflateDecoder()
+
+
+class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Response container.
+
+    Backwards-compatible with :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` but the response ``body`` is
+    loaded and decoded on-demand when the ``data`` property is accessed.  This
+    class is also compatible with the Python standard library's :mod:`io`
+    module, and can hence be treated as a readable object in the context of that
+    framework.
+
+    Extra parameters for behaviour not present in :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse`:
+
+    :param preload_content:
+        If True, the response's body will be preloaded during construction.
+
+    :param decode_content:
+        If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+        'content-encoding' header.
+
+    :param original_response:
+        When this HTTPResponse wrapper is generated from an :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse`
+        object, it's convenient to include the original for debug purposes. It's
+        otherwise unused.
+
+    :param retries:
+        The retries contains the last :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` that
+        was used during the request.
+
+    :param enforce_content_length:
+        Enforce content length checking. Body returned by server must match
+        value of Content-Length header, if present. Otherwise, raise error.
+    """
+
+    CONTENT_DECODERS = ["gzip", "deflate"]
+    if brotli is not None:
+        CONTENT_DECODERS += ["br"]
+    REDIRECT_STATUSES = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        body="",
+        headers=None,
+        status=0,
+        version=0,
+        reason=None,
+        strict=0,
+        preload_content=True,
+        decode_content=True,
+        original_response=None,
+        pool=None,
+        connection=None,
+        msg=None,
+        retries=None,
+        enforce_content_length=False,
+        request_method=None,
+        request_url=None,
+        auto_close=True,
+    ):
+
+        if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            self.headers = headers
+        else:
+            self.headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)
+        self.status = status
+        self.version = version
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.strict = strict
+        self.decode_content = decode_content
+        self.retries = retries
+        self.enforce_content_length = enforce_content_length
+        self.auto_close = auto_close
+
+        self._decoder = None
+        self._body = None
+        self._fp = None
+        self._original_response = original_response
+        self._fp_bytes_read = 0
+        self.msg = msg
+        self._request_url = request_url
+
+        if body and isinstance(body, (six.string_types, bytes)):
+            self._body = body
+
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._connection = connection
+
+        if hasattr(body, "read"):
+            self._fp = body
+
+        # Are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
+        self.chunked = False
+        self.chunk_left = None
+        tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding", "").lower()
+        # Don't incur the penalty of creating a list and then discarding it
+        encodings = (enc.strip() for enc in tr_enc.split(","))
+        if "chunked" in encodings:
+            self.chunked = True
+
+        # Determine length of response
+        self.length_remaining = self._init_length(request_method)
+
+        # If requested, preload the body.
+        if preload_content and not self._body:
+            self._body = self.read(decode_content=decode_content)
+
+    def get_redirect_location(self):
+        """
+        Should we redirect and where to?
+
+        :returns: Truthy redirect location string if we got a redirect status
+            code and valid location. ``None`` if redirect status and no
+            location. ``False`` if not a redirect status code.
+        """
+        if self.status in self.REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            return self.headers.get("location")
+
+        return False
+
+    def release_conn(self):
+        if not self._pool or not self._connection:
+            return
+
+        self._pool._put_conn(self._connection)
+        self._connection = None
+
+    def drain_conn(self):
+        """
+        Read and discard any remaining HTTP response data in the response connection.
+
+        Unread data in the HTTPResponse connection blocks the connection from being released back to the pool.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.read()
+        except (HTTPError, SocketError, BaseSSLError, HTTPException):
+            pass
+
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        # For backwards-compat with earlier urllib3 0.4 and earlier.
+        if self._body:
+            return self._body
+
+        if self._fp:
+            return self.read(cache_content=True)
+
+    @property
+    def connection(self):
+        return self._connection
+
+    def isclosed(self):
+        return is_fp_closed(self._fp)
+
+    def tell(self):
+        """
+        Obtain the number of bytes pulled over the wire so far. May differ from
+        the amount of content returned by :meth:``urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.read``
+        if bytes are encoded on the wire (e.g, compressed).
+        """
+        return self._fp_bytes_read
+
+    def _init_length(self, request_method):
+        """
+        Set initial length value for Response content if available.
+        """
+        length = self.headers.get("content-length")
+
+        if length is not None:
+            if self.chunked:
+                # This Response will fail with an IncompleteRead if it can't be
+                # received as chunked. This method falls back to attempt reading
+                # the response before raising an exception.
+                log.warning(
+                    "Received response with both Content-Length and "
+                    "Transfer-Encoding set. This is expressly forbidden "
+                    "by RFC 7230 sec 3.3.2. Ignoring Content-Length and "
+                    "attempting to process response as Transfer-Encoding: "
+                    "chunked."
+                )
+                return None
+
+            try:
+                # RFC 7230 section 3.3.2 specifies multiple content lengths can
+                # be sent in a single Content-Length header
+                # (e.g. Content-Length: 42, 42). This line ensures the values
+                # are all valid ints and that as long as the `set` length is 1,
+                # all values are the same. Otherwise, the header is invalid.
+                lengths = set([int(val) for val in length.split(",")])
+                if len(lengths) > 1:
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Content-Length contained multiple "
+                        "unmatching values (%s)" % length
+                    )
+                length = lengths.pop()
+            except ValueError:
+                length = None
+            else:
+                if length < 0:
+                    length = None
+
+        # Convert status to int for comparison
+        # In some cases, httplib returns a status of "_UNKNOWN"
+        try:
+            status = int(self.status)
+        except ValueError:
+            status = 0
+
+        # Check for responses that shouldn't include a body
+        if status in (204, 304) or 100 <= status < 200 or request_method == "HEAD":
+            length = 0
+
+        return length
+
+    def _init_decoder(self):
+        """
+        Set-up the _decoder attribute if necessary.
+        """
+        # Note: content-encoding value should be case-insensitive, per RFC 7230
+        # Section 3.2
+        content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
+        if self._decoder is None:
+            if content_encoding in self.CONTENT_DECODERS:
+                self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
+            elif "," in content_encoding:
+                encodings = [
+                    e.strip()
+                    for e in content_encoding.split(",")
+                    if e.strip() in self.CONTENT_DECODERS
+                ]
+                if len(encodings):
+                    self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
+
+    DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES = (IOError, zlib.error)
+    if brotli is not None:
+        DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES += (brotli.error,)
+
+    def _decode(self, data, decode_content, flush_decoder):
+        """
+        Decode the data passed in and potentially flush the decoder.
+        """
+        if not decode_content:
+            return data
+
+        try:
+            if self._decoder:
+                data = self._decoder.decompress(data)
+        except self.DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES as e:
+            content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
+            raise DecodeError(
+                "Received response with content-encoding: %s, but "
+                "failed to decode it." % content_encoding,
+                e,
+            )
+        if flush_decoder:
+            data += self._flush_decoder()
+
+        return data
+
+    def _flush_decoder(self):
+        """
+        Flushes the decoder. Should only be called if the decoder is actually
+        being used.
+        """
+        if self._decoder:
+            buf = self._decoder.decompress(b"")
+            return buf + self._decoder.flush()
+
+        return b""
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _error_catcher(self):
+        """
+        Catch low-level python exceptions, instead re-raising urllib3
+        variants, so that low-level exceptions are not leaked in the
+        high-level api.
+
+        On exit, release the connection back to the pool.
+        """
+        clean_exit = False
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                yield
+
+            except SocketTimeout:
+                # FIXME: Ideally we'd like to include the url in the ReadTimeoutError but
+                # there is yet no clean way to get at it from this context.
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
+
+            except BaseSSLError as e:
+                # FIXME: Is there a better way to differentiate between SSLErrors?
+                if "read operation timed out" not in str(e):
+                    # SSL errors related to framing/MAC get wrapped and reraised here
+                    raise SSLError(e)
+
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
+
+            except (HTTPException, SocketError) as e:
+                # This includes IncompleteRead.
+                raise ProtocolError("Connection broken: %r" % e, e)
+
+            # If no exception is thrown, we should avoid cleaning up
+            # unnecessarily.
+            clean_exit = True
+        finally:
+            # If we didn't terminate cleanly, we need to throw away our
+            # connection.
+            if not clean_exit:
+                # The response may not be closed but we're not going to use it
+                # anymore so close it now to ensure that the connection is
+                # released back to the pool.
+                if self._original_response:
+                    self._original_response.close()
+
+                # Closing the response may not actually be sufficient to close
+                # everything, so if we have a hold of the connection close that
+                # too.
+                if self._connection:
+                    self._connection.close()
+
+            # If we hold the original response but it's closed now, we should
+            # return the connection back to the pool.
+            if self._original_response and self._original_response.isclosed():
+                self.release_conn()
+
+    def _fp_read(self, amt):
+        """
+        Read a response with the thought that reading the number of bytes
+        larger than can fit in a 32-bit int at a time via SSL in some
+        known cases leads to an overflow error that has to be prevented
+        if `amt` or `self.length_remaining` indicate that a problem may
+        happen.
+
+        The known cases:
+          * 3.8 <= CPython < 3.9.7 because of a bug
+            https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2513#issuecomment-1152559900.
+          * urllib3 injected with pyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support.
+          * CPython < 3.10 only when `amt` does not fit 32-bit int.
+        """
+        assert self._fp
+        c_int_max = 2 ** 31 - 1
+        if (
+            (
+                (amt and amt > c_int_max)
+                or (self.length_remaining and self.length_remaining > c_int_max)
+            )
+            and not util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT
+            and (util.IS_PYOPENSSL or sys.version_info < (3, 10))
+        ):
+            buffer = io.BytesIO()
+            # Besides `max_chunk_amt` being a maximum chunk size, it
+            # affects memory overhead of reading a response by this
+            # method in CPython.
+            # `c_int_max` equal to 2 GiB - 1 byte is the actual maximum
+            # chunk size that does not lead to an overflow error, but
+            # 256 MiB is a compromise.
+            max_chunk_amt = 2 ** 28
+            while amt is None or amt != 0:
+                if amt is not None:
+                    chunk_amt = min(amt, max_chunk_amt)
+                    amt -= chunk_amt
+                else:
+                    chunk_amt = max_chunk_amt
+                data = self._fp.read(chunk_amt)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                buffer.write(data)
+                del data  # to reduce peak memory usage by `max_chunk_amt`.
+            return buffer.getvalue()
+        else:
+            # StringIO doesn't like amt=None
+            return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
+
+    def read(self, amt=None, decode_content=None, cache_content=False):
+        """
+        Similar to :meth:`http.client.HTTPResponse.read`, but with two additional
+        parameters: ``decode_content`` and ``cache_content``.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
+            because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
+            response.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+
+        :param cache_content:
+            If True, will save the returned data such that the same result is
+            returned despite of the state of the underlying file object. This
+            is useful if you want the ``.data`` property to continue working
+            after having ``.read()`` the file object. (Overridden if ``amt`` is
+            set.)
+        """
+        self._init_decoder()
+        if decode_content is None:
+            decode_content = self.decode_content
+
+        if self._fp is None:
+            return
+
+        flush_decoder = False
+        fp_closed = getattr(self._fp, "closed", False)
+
+        with self._error_catcher():
+            data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
+            if amt is None:
+                flush_decoder = True
+            else:
+                cache_content = False
+                if (
+                    amt != 0 and not data
+                ):  # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.
+                    # Close the connection when no data is returned
+                    #
+                    # This is redundant to what httplib/http.client _should_
+                    # already do.  However, versions of python released before
+                    # December 15, 2012 (http://bugs.python.org/issue16298) do
+                    # not properly close the connection in all cases. There is
+                    # no harm in redundantly calling close.
+                    self._fp.close()
+                    flush_decoder = True
+                    if self.enforce_content_length and self.length_remaining not in (
+                        0,
+                        None,
+                    ):
+                        # This is an edge case that httplib failed to cover due
+                        # to concerns of backward compatibility. We're
+                        # addressing it here to make sure IncompleteRead is
+                        # raised during streaming, so all calls with incorrect
+                        # Content-Length are caught.
+                        raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
+
+        if data:
+            self._fp_bytes_read += len(data)
+            if self.length_remaining is not None:
+                self.length_remaining -= len(data)
+
+            data = self._decode(data, decode_content, flush_decoder)
+
+            if cache_content:
+                self._body = data
+
+        return data
+
+    def stream(self, amt=2 ** 16, decode_content=None):
+        """
+        A generator wrapper for the read() method. A call will block until
+        ``amt`` bytes have been read from the connection or until the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. The generator will return up to
+            much data per iteration, but may return less. This is particularly
+            likely when using compressed data. However, the empty string will
+            never be returned.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+        """
+        if self.chunked and self.supports_chunked_reads():
+            for line in self.read_chunked(amt, decode_content=decode_content):
+                yield line
+        else:
+            while not is_fp_closed(self._fp):
+                data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
+
+                if data:
+                    yield data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_httplib(ResponseCls, r, **response_kw):
+        """
+        Given an :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` instance ``r``, return a
+        corresponding :class:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse` object.
+
+        Remaining parameters are passed to the HTTPResponse constructor, along
+        with ``original_response=r``.
+        """
+        headers = r.msg
+
+        if not isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            if six.PY2:
+                # Python 2.7
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict.from_httplib(headers)
+            else:
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers.items())
+
+        # HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute
+        strict = getattr(r, "strict", 0)
+        resp = ResponseCls(
+            body=r,
+            headers=headers,
+            status=r.status,
+            version=r.version,
+            reason=r.reason,
+            strict=strict,
+            original_response=r,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+        return resp
+
+    # Backwards-compatibility methods for http.client.HTTPResponse
+    def getheaders(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "HTTPResponse.getheaders() is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead access HTTPResponse.headers directly.",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.headers
+
+    def getheader(self, name, default=None):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "HTTPResponse.getheader() is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead use HTTPResponse.headers.get(name, default).",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.headers.get(name, default)
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+
+    # Overrides from io.IOBase
+    def close(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            self._fp.close()
+
+        if self._connection:
+            self._connection.close()
+
+        if not self.auto_close:
+            io.IOBase.close(self)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        if not self.auto_close:
+            return io.IOBase.closed.__get__(self)
+        elif self._fp is None:
+            return True
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "isclosed"):
+            return self._fp.isclosed()
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "closed"):
+            return self._fp.closed
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        if self._fp is None:
+            raise IOError("HTTPResponse has no file to get a fileno from")
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "fileno"):
+            return self._fp.fileno()
+        else:
+            raise IOError(
+                "The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped "
+                "around has no file descriptor"
+            )
+
+    def flush(self):
+        if (
+            self._fp is not None
+            and hasattr(self._fp, "flush")
+            and not getattr(self._fp, "closed", False)
+        ):
+            return self._fp.flush()
+
+    def readable(self):
+        # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.
+        temp = self.read(len(b))
+        if len(temp) == 0:
+            return 0
+        else:
+            b[: len(temp)] = temp
+            return len(temp)
+
+    def supports_chunked_reads(self):
+        """
+        Checks if the underlying file-like object looks like a
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` object. We do this by testing for
+        the fp attribute. If it is present we assume it returns raw chunks as
+        processed by read_chunked().
+        """
+        return hasattr(self._fp, "fp")
+
+    def _update_chunk_length(self):
+        # First, we'll figure out length of a chunk and then
+        # we'll try to read it from socket.
+        if self.chunk_left is not None:
+            return
+        line = self._fp.fp.readline()
+        line = line.split(b";", 1)[0]
+        try:
+            self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            # Invalid chunked protocol response, abort.
+            self.close()
+            raise InvalidChunkLength(self, line)
+
+    def _handle_chunk(self, amt):
+        returned_chunk = None
+        if amt is None:
+            chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)
+            returned_chunk = chunk
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        elif amt < self.chunk_left:
+            value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)
+            self.chunk_left = self.chunk_left - amt
+            returned_chunk = value
+        elif amt == self.chunk_left:
+            value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+            returned_chunk = value
+        else:  # amt > self.chunk_left
+            returned_chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        return returned_chunk
+
+    def read_chunked(self, amt=None, decode_content=None):
+        """
+        Similar to :meth:`HTTPResponse.read`, but with an additional
+        parameter: ``decode_content``.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
+            because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
+            response.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+        """
+        self._init_decoder()
+        # FIXME: Rewrite this method and make it a class with a better structured logic.
+        if not self.chunked:
+            raise ResponseNotChunked(
+                "Response is not chunked. "
+                "Header 'transfer-encoding: chunked' is missing."
+            )
+        if not self.supports_chunked_reads():
+            raise BodyNotHttplibCompatible(
+                "Body should be http.client.HTTPResponse like. "
+                "It should have have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks."
+            )
+
+        with self._error_catcher():
+            # Don't bother reading the body of a HEAD request.
+            if self._original_response and is_response_to_head(self._original_response):
+                self._original_response.close()
+                return
+
+            # If a response is already read and closed
+            # then return immediately.
+            if self._fp.fp is None:
+                return
+
+            while True:
+                self._update_chunk_length()
+                if self.chunk_left == 0:
+                    break
+                chunk = self._handle_chunk(amt)
+                decoded = self._decode(
+                    chunk, decode_content=decode_content, flush_decoder=False
+                )
+                if decoded:
+                    yield decoded
+
+            if decode_content:
+                # On CPython and PyPy, we should never need to flush the
+                # decoder. However, on Jython we *might* need to, so
+                # lets defensively do it anyway.
+                decoded = self._flush_decoder()
+                if decoded:  # Platform-specific: Jython.
+                    yield decoded
+
+            # Chunk content ends with \r\n: discard it.
+            while True:
+                line = self._fp.fp.readline()
+                if not line:
+                    # Some sites may not end with '\r\n'.
+                    break
+                if line == b"\r\n":
+                    break
+
+            # We read everything; close the "file".
+            if self._original_response:
+                self._original_response.close()
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        """
+        Returns the URL that was the source of this response.
+        If the request that generated this response redirected, this method
+        will return the final redirect location.
+        """
+        if self.retries is not None and len(self.retries.history):
+            return self.retries.history[-1].redirect_location
+        else:
+            return self._request_url
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        buffer = []
+        for chunk in self.stream(decode_content=True):
+            if b"\n" in chunk:
+                chunk = chunk.split(b"\n")
+                yield b"".join(buffer) + chunk[0] + b"\n"
+                for x in chunk[1:-1]:
+                    yield x + b"\n"
+                if chunk[-1]:
+                    buffer = [chunk[-1]]
+                else:
+                    buffer = []
+            else:
+                buffer.append(chunk)
+        if buffer:
+            yield b"".join(buffer)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4547fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# For backwards compatibility, provide imports that used to be here.
+from .connection import is_connection_dropped
+from .request import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, make_headers
+from .response import is_fp_closed
+from .retry import Retry
+from .ssl_ import (
+    ALPN_PROTOCOLS,
+    HAS_SNI,
+    IS_PYOPENSSL,
+    IS_SECURETRANSPORT,
+    PROTOCOL_TLS,
+    SSLContext,
+    assert_fingerprint,
+    resolve_cert_reqs,
+    resolve_ssl_version,
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
+)
+from .timeout import Timeout, current_time
+from .url import Url, get_host, parse_url, split_first
+from .wait import wait_for_read, wait_for_write
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HAS_SNI",
+    "IS_PYOPENSSL",
+    "IS_SECURETRANSPORT",
+    "SSLContext",
+    "PROTOCOL_TLS",
+    "ALPN_PROTOCOLS",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "Url",
+    "assert_fingerprint",
+    "current_time",
+    "is_connection_dropped",
+    "is_fp_closed",
+    "get_host",
+    "parse_url",
+    "make_headers",
+    "resolve_cert_reqs",
+    "resolve_ssl_version",
+    "split_first",
+    "ssl_wrap_socket",
+    "wait_for_read",
+    "wait_for_write",
+    "SKIP_HEADER",
+    "SKIPPABLE_HEADERS",
+)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6af1138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import socket
+
+from ..contrib import _appengine_environ
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from ..packages import six
+from .wait import NoWayToWaitForSocketError, wait_for_read
+
+
+def is_connection_dropped(conn):  # Platform-specific
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
+
+    :param conn:
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` object.
+
+    Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
+    let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
+    """
+    sock = getattr(conn, "sock", False)
+    if sock is False:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
+        return False
+    if sock is None:  # Connection already closed (such as by httplib).
+        return True
+    try:
+        # Returns True if readable, which here means it's been dropped
+        return wait_for_read(sock, timeout=0.0)
+    except NoWayToWaitForSocketError:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
+        return False
+
+
+# This function is copied from socket.py in the Python 2.7 standard
+# library test suite. Added to its signature is only `socket_options`.
+# One additional modification is that we avoid binding to IPv6 servers
+# discovered in DNS if the system doesn't have IPv6 functionality.
+def create_connection(
+    address,
+    timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address=None,
+    socket_options=None,
+):
+    """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
+
+    Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
+    port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
+    *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
+    before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
+    global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout`
+    is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
+    for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
+    An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
+    """
+
+    host, port = address
+    if host.startswith("["):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
+    err = None
+
+    # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
+    # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
+    # The original create_connection function always returns all records.
+    family = allowed_gai_family()
+
+    try:
+        host.encode("idna")
+    except UnicodeError:
+        return six.raise_from(
+            LocationParseError(u"'%s', label empty or too long" % host), None
+        )
+
+    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+
+            # If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
+            _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
+
+            if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            return sock
+
+        except socket.error as e:
+            err = e
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+                sock = None
+
+    if err is not None:
+        raise err
+
+    raise socket.error("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+
+
+def _set_socket_options(sock, options):
+    if options is None:
+        return
+
+    for opt in options:
+        sock.setsockopt(*opt)
+
+
+def allowed_gai_family():
+    """This function is designed to work in the context of
+    getaddrinfo, where family=socket.AF_UNSPEC is the default and
+    will perform a DNS search for both IPv6 and IPv4 records."""
+
+    family = socket.AF_INET
+    if HAS_IPV6:
+        family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    return family
+
+
+def _has_ipv6(host):
+    """Returns True if the system can bind an IPv6 address."""
+    sock = None
+    has_ipv6 = False
+
+    # App Engine doesn't support IPV6 sockets and actually has a quota on the
+    # number of sockets that can be used, so just early out here instead of
+    # creating a socket needlessly.
+    # See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1446
+    if _appengine_environ.is_appengine_sandbox():
+        return False
+
+    if socket.has_ipv6:
+        # has_ipv6 returns true if cPython was compiled with IPv6 support.
+        # It does not tell us if the system has IPv6 support enabled. To
+        # determine that we must bind to an IPv6 address.
+        # https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/611
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue658327
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+            sock.bind((host, 0))
+            has_ipv6 = True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if sock:
+        sock.close()
+    return has_ipv6
+
+
+HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6("::1")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2199cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from .ssl_ import create_urllib3_context, resolve_cert_reqs, resolve_ssl_version
+
+
+def connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+    proxy_url=None, proxy_config=None, destination_scheme=None
+):
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection requires an HTTP CONNECT through the proxy.
+
+    :param URL proxy_url:
+        URL of the proxy.
+    :param ProxyConfig proxy_config:
+        Proxy configuration from poolmanager.py
+    :param str destination_scheme:
+        The scheme of the destination. (i.e https, http, etc)
+    """
+    # If we're not using a proxy, no way to use a tunnel.
+    if proxy_url is None:
+        return False
+
+    # HTTP destinations never require tunneling, we always forward.
+    if destination_scheme == "http":
+        return False
+
+    # Support for forwarding with HTTPS proxies and HTTPS destinations.
+    if (
+        proxy_url.scheme == "https"
+        and proxy_config
+        and proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https
+    ):
+        return False
+
+    # Otherwise always use a tunnel.
+    return True
+
+
+def create_proxy_ssl_context(
+    ssl_version, cert_reqs, ca_certs=None, ca_cert_dir=None, ca_cert_data=None
+):
+    """
+    Generates a default proxy ssl context if one hasn't been provided by the
+    user.
+    """
+    ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
+        ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(ssl_version),
+        cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(cert_reqs),
+    )
+
+    if (
+        not ca_certs
+        and not ca_cert_dir
+        and not ca_cert_data
+        and hasattr(ssl_context, "load_default_certs")
+    ):
+        ssl_context.load_default_certs()
+
+    return ssl_context
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4178410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import collections
+
+from ..packages import six
+from ..packages.six.moves import queue
+
+if six.PY2:
+    # Queue is imported for side effects on MS Windows. See issue #229.
+    import Queue as _unused_module_Queue  # noqa: F401
+
+
+class LifoQueue(queue.Queue):
+    def _init(self, _):
+        self.queue = collections.deque()
+
+    def _qsize(self, len=len):
+        return len(self.queue)
+
+    def _put(self, item):
+        self.queue.append(item)
+
+    def _get(self):
+        return self.queue.pop()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..330766e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from ..exceptions import UnrewindableBodyError
+from ..packages.six import b, integer_types
+
+# Pass as a value within ``headers`` to skip
+# emitting some HTTP headers that are added automatically.
+# The only headers that are supported are ``Accept-Encoding``,
+# ``Host``, and ``User-Agent``.
+SKIP_HEADER = "@@@SKIP_HEADER@@@"
+SKIPPABLE_HEADERS = frozenset(["accept-encoding", "host", "user-agent"])
+
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = "gzip,deflate"
+
+_FAILEDTELL = object()
+
+
+def make_headers(
+    keep_alive=None,
+    accept_encoding=None,
+    user_agent=None,
+    basic_auth=None,
+    proxy_basic_auth=None,
+    disable_cache=None,
+):
+    """
+    Shortcuts for generating request headers.
+
+    :param keep_alive:
+        If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
+
+    :param accept_encoding:
+        Can be a boolean, list, or string.
+        ``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
+        List will get joined by comma.
+        String will be used as provided.
+
+    :param user_agent:
+        String representing the user-agent you want, such as
+        "python-urllib3/0.6"
+
+    :param basic_auth:
+        Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
+        auth header.
+
+    :param proxy_basic_auth:
+        Colon-separated username:password string for 'proxy-authorization: basic ...'
+        auth header.
+
+    :param disable_cache:
+        If ``True``, adds 'cache-control: no-cache' header.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
+        {'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
+        >>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
+        {'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
+    """
+    headers = {}
+    if accept_encoding:
+        if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
+            accept_encoding = ",".join(accept_encoding)
+        else:
+            accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
+        headers["accept-encoding"] = accept_encoding
+
+    if user_agent:
+        headers["user-agent"] = user_agent
+
+    if keep_alive:
+        headers["connection"] = "keep-alive"
+
+    if basic_auth:
+        headers["authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(b(basic_auth)).decode("utf-8")
+
+    if proxy_basic_auth:
+        headers["proxy-authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(
+            b(proxy_basic_auth)
+        ).decode("utf-8")
+
+    if disable_cache:
+        headers["cache-control"] = "no-cache"
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def set_file_position(body, pos):
+    """
+    If a position is provided, move file to that point.
+    Otherwise, we'll attempt to record a position for future use.
+    """
+    if pos is not None:
+        rewind_body(body, pos)
+    elif getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
+        try:
+            pos = body.tell()
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
+            # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body.
+            pos = _FAILEDTELL
+
+    return pos
+
+
+def rewind_body(body, body_pos):
+    """
+    Attempt to rewind body to a certain position.
+    Primarily used for request redirects and retries.
+
+    :param body:
+        File-like object that supports seek.
+
+    :param int pos:
+        Position to seek to in file.
+    """
+    body_seek = getattr(body, "seek", None)
+    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(body_pos, integer_types):
+        try:
+            body_seek(body_pos)
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect/retry."
+            )
+    elif body_pos is _FAILEDTELL:
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+            "Unable to record file position for rewinding "
+            "request body during a redirect/retry."
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "body_pos must be of type integer, instead it was %s." % type(body_pos)
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ea609c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from email.errors import MultipartInvariantViolationDefect, StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect
+
+from ..exceptions import HeaderParsingError
+from ..packages.six.moves import http_client as httplib
+
+
+def is_fp_closed(obj):
+    """
+    Checks whether a given file-like object is closed.
+
+    :param obj:
+        The file-like object to check.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        # Check `isclosed()` first, in case Python3 doesn't set `closed`.
+        # GH Issue #928
+        return obj.isclosed()
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # Check via the official file-like-object way.
+        return obj.closed
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # Check if the object is a container for another file-like object that
+        # gets released on exhaustion (e.g. HTTPResponse).
+        return obj.fp is None
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    raise ValueError("Unable to determine whether fp is closed.")
+
+
+def assert_header_parsing(headers):
+    """
+    Asserts whether all headers have been successfully parsed.
+    Extracts encountered errors from the result of parsing headers.
+
+    Only works on Python 3.
+
+    :param http.client.HTTPMessage headers: Headers to verify.
+
+    :raises urllib3.exceptions.HeaderParsingError:
+        If parsing errors are found.
+    """
+
+    # This will fail silently if we pass in the wrong kind of parameter.
+    # To make debugging easier add an explicit check.
+    if not isinstance(headers, httplib.HTTPMessage):
+        raise TypeError("expected httplib.Message, got {0}.".format(type(headers)))
+
+    defects = getattr(headers, "defects", None)
+    get_payload = getattr(headers, "get_payload", None)
+
+    unparsed_data = None
+    if get_payload:
+        # get_payload is actually email.message.Message.get_payload;
+        # we're only interested in the result if it's not a multipart message
+        if not headers.is_multipart():
+            payload = get_payload()
+
+            if isinstance(payload, (bytes, str)):
+                unparsed_data = payload
+    if defects:
+        # httplib is assuming a response body is available
+        # when parsing headers even when httplib only sends
+        # header data to parse_headers() This results in
+        # defects on multipart responses in particular.
+        # See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/800
+
+        # So we ignore the following defects:
+        # - StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect:
+        #     The claimed start boundary was never found.
+        # - MultipartInvariantViolationDefect:
+        #     A message claimed to be a multipart but no subparts were found.
+        defects = [
+            defect
+            for defect in defects
+            if not isinstance(
+                defect, (StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect, MultipartInvariantViolationDefect)
+            )
+        ]
+
+    if defects or unparsed_data:
+        raise HeaderParsingError(defects=defects, unparsed_data=unparsed_data)
+
+
+def is_response_to_head(response):
+    """
+    Checks whether the request of a response has been a HEAD-request.
+    Handles the quirks of AppEngine.
+
+    :param http.client.HTTPResponse response:
+        Response to check if the originating request
+        used 'HEAD' as a method.
+    """
+    # FIXME: Can we do this somehow without accessing private httplib _method?
+    method = response._method
+    if isinstance(method, int):  # Platform-specific: Appengine
+        return method == 3
+    return method.upper() == "HEAD"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a1e90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import email
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+import warnings
+from collections import namedtuple
+from itertools import takewhile
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseError,
+)
+from ..packages import six
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
+RequestHistory = namedtuple(
+    "RequestHistory", ["method", "url", "error", "status", "redirect_location"]
+)
+
+
+# TODO: In v2 we can remove this sentinel and metaclass with deprecated options.
+_Default = object()
+
+
+class _RetryMeta(type):
+    @property
+    def DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+
+    @DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST.setter
+    def DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = value
+
+    @property
+    def DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT
+
+    @DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST.setter
+    def DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = value
+
+    @property
+    def BACKOFF_MAX(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.BACKOFF_MAX' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX
+
+    @BACKOFF_MAX.setter
+    def BACKOFF_MAX(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.BACKOFF_MAX' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = value
+
+
+@six.add_metaclass(_RetryMeta)
+class Retry(object):
+    """Retry configuration.
+
+    Each retry attempt will create a new Retry object with updated values, so
+    they can be safely reused.
+
+    Retries can be defined as a default for a pool::
+
+        retries = Retry(connect=5, read=2, redirect=5)
+        http = PoolManager(retries=retries)
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/')
+
+    Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool)::
+
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', retries=Retry(10))
+
+    Retries can be disabled by passing ``False``::
+
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', retries=False)
+
+    Errors will be wrapped in :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` unless
+    retries are disabled, in which case the causing exception will be raised.
+
+    :param int total:
+        Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts.
+
+        Set to ``None`` to remove this constraint and fall back on other
+        counts.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry.
+
+        Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
+
+    :param int connect:
+        How many connection-related errors to retry on.
+
+        These are errors raised before the request is sent to the remote server,
+        which we assume has not triggered the server to process the request.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int read:
+        How many times to retry on read errors.
+
+        These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
+        request may have side-effects.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int redirect:
+        How many redirects to perform. Limit this to avoid infinite redirect
+        loops.
+
+        A redirect is a HTTP response with a status code 301, 302, 303, 307 or
+        308.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+        Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
+
+    :param int status:
+        How many times to retry on bad status codes.
+
+        These are retries made on responses, where status code matches
+        ``status_forcelist``.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int other:
+        How many times to retry on other errors.
+
+        Other errors are errors that are not connect, read, redirect or status errors.
+        These errors might be raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
+        request might have side-effects.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+        If ``total`` is not set, it's a good idea to set this to 0 to account
+        for unexpected edge cases and avoid infinite retry loops.
+
+    :param iterable allowed_methods:
+        Set of uppercased HTTP method verbs that we should retry on.
+
+        By default, we only retry on methods which are considered to be
+        idempotent (multiple requests with the same parameters end with the
+        same state). See :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS`.
+
+        Set to a ``False`` value to retry on any verb.
+
+        .. warning::
+
+            Previously this parameter was named ``method_whitelist``, that
+            usage is deprecated in v1.26.0 and will be removed in v2.0.
+
+    :param iterable status_forcelist:
+        A set of integer HTTP status codes that we should force a retry on.
+        A retry is initiated if the request method is in ``allowed_methods``
+        and the response status code is in ``status_forcelist``.
+
+        By default, this is disabled with ``None``.
+
+    :param float backoff_factor:
+        A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second try
+        (most errors are resolved immediately by a second try without a
+        delay). urllib3 will sleep for::
+
+            {backoff factor} * (2 ** ({number of total retries} - 1))
+
+        seconds. If the backoff_factor is 0.1, then :func:`.sleep` will sleep
+        for [0.0s, 0.2s, 0.4s, ...] between retries. It will never be longer
+        than :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX`.
+
+        By default, backoff is disabled (set to 0).
+
+    :param bool raise_on_redirect: Whether, if the number of redirects is
+        exhausted, to raise a MaxRetryError, or to return a response with a
+        response code in the 3xx range.
+
+    :param bool raise_on_status: Similar meaning to ``raise_on_redirect``:
+        whether we should raise an exception, or return a response,
+        if status falls in ``status_forcelist`` range and retries have
+        been exhausted.
+
+    :param tuple history: The history of the request encountered during
+        each call to :meth:`~Retry.increment`. The list is in the order
+        the requests occurred. Each list item is of class :class:`RequestHistory`.
+
+    :param bool respect_retry_after_header:
+        Whether to respect Retry-After header on status codes defined as
+        :attr:`Retry.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES` or not.
+
+    :param iterable remove_headers_on_redirect:
+        Sequence of headers to remove from the request when a response
+        indicating a redirect is returned before firing off the redirected
+        request.
+    """
+
+    #: Default methods to be used for ``allowed_methods``
+    DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = frozenset(
+        ["HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"]
+    )
+
+    #: Default status codes to be used for ``status_forcelist``
+    RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([413, 429, 503])
+
+    #: Default headers to be used for ``remove_headers_on_redirect``
+    DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = frozenset(
+        ["Cookie", "Authorization", "Proxy-Authorization"]
+    )
+
+    #: Maximum backoff time.
+    DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = 120
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total=10,
+        connect=None,
+        read=None,
+        redirect=None,
+        status=None,
+        other=None,
+        allowed_methods=_Default,
+        status_forcelist=None,
+        backoff_factor=0,
+        raise_on_redirect=True,
+        raise_on_status=True,
+        history=None,
+        respect_retry_after_header=True,
+        remove_headers_on_redirect=_Default,
+        # TODO: Deprecated, remove in v2.0
+        method_whitelist=_Default,
+    ):
+
+        if method_whitelist is not _Default:
+            if allowed_methods is not _Default:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Using both 'allowed_methods' and "
+                    "'method_whitelist' together is not allowed. "
+                    "Instead only use 'allowed_methods'"
+                )
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            allowed_methods = method_whitelist
+        if allowed_methods is _Default:
+            allowed_methods = self.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+        if remove_headers_on_redirect is _Default:
+            remove_headers_on_redirect = self.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT
+
+        self.total = total
+        self.connect = connect
+        self.read = read
+        self.status = status
+        self.other = other
+
+        if redirect is False or total is False:
+            redirect = 0
+            raise_on_redirect = False
+
+        self.redirect = redirect
+        self.status_forcelist = status_forcelist or set()
+        self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods
+        self.backoff_factor = backoff_factor
+        self.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
+        self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
+        self.history = history or tuple()
+        self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
+        self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
+            [h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect]
+        )
+
+    def new(self, **kw):
+        params = dict(
+            total=self.total,
+            connect=self.connect,
+            read=self.read,
+            redirect=self.redirect,
+            status=self.status,
+            other=self.other,
+            status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
+            backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
+            raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
+            raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
+            history=self.history,
+            remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
+            respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: If already given in **kw we use what's given to us
+        # If not given we need to figure out what to pass. We decide
+        # based on whether our class has the 'method_whitelist' property
+        # and if so we pass the deprecated 'method_whitelist' otherwise
+        # we use 'allowed_methods'. Remove in v2.0
+        if "method_whitelist" not in kw and "allowed_methods" not in kw:
+            if "method_whitelist" in self.__dict__:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                    "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                    DeprecationWarning,
+                )
+                params["method_whitelist"] = self.allowed_methods
+            else:
+                params["allowed_methods"] = self.allowed_methods
+
+        params.update(kw)
+        return type(self)(**params)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_int(cls, retries, redirect=True, default=None):
+        """Backwards-compatibility for the old retries format."""
+        if retries is None:
+            retries = default if default is not None else cls.DEFAULT
+
+        if isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            return retries
+
+        redirect = bool(redirect) and None
+        new_retries = cls(retries, redirect=redirect)
+        log.debug("Converted retries value: %r -> %r", retries, new_retries)
+        return new_retries
+
+    def get_backoff_time(self):
+        """Formula for computing the current backoff
+
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+        # We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
+        consecutive_errors_len = len(
+            list(
+                takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None, reversed(self.history))
+            )
+        )
+        if consecutive_errors_len <= 1:
+            return 0
+
+        backoff_value = self.backoff_factor * (2 ** (consecutive_errors_len - 1))
+        return min(self.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX, backoff_value)
+
+    def parse_retry_after(self, retry_after):
+        # Whitespace: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4
+        if re.match(r"^\s*[0-9]+\s*$", retry_after):
+            seconds = int(retry_after)
+        else:
+            retry_date_tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(retry_after)
+            if retry_date_tuple is None:
+                raise InvalidHeader("Invalid Retry-After header: %s" % retry_after)
+            if retry_date_tuple[9] is None:  # Python 2
+                # Assume UTC if no timezone was specified
+                # On Python2.7, parsedate_tz returns None for a timezone offset
+                # instead of 0 if no timezone is given, where mktime_tz treats
+                # a None timezone offset as local time.
+                retry_date_tuple = retry_date_tuple[:9] + (0,) + retry_date_tuple[10:]
+
+            retry_date = email.utils.mktime_tz(retry_date_tuple)
+            seconds = retry_date - time.time()
+
+        if seconds < 0:
+            seconds = 0
+
+        return seconds
+
+    def get_retry_after(self, response):
+        """Get the value of Retry-After in seconds."""
+
+        retry_after = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
+
+        if retry_after is None:
+            return None
+
+        return self.parse_retry_after(retry_after)
+
+    def sleep_for_retry(self, response=None):
+        retry_after = self.get_retry_after(response)
+        if retry_after:
+            time.sleep(retry_after)
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def _sleep_backoff(self):
+        backoff = self.get_backoff_time()
+        if backoff <= 0:
+            return
+        time.sleep(backoff)
+
+    def sleep(self, response=None):
+        """Sleep between retry attempts.
+
+        This method will respect a server's ``Retry-After`` response header
+        and sleep the duration of the time requested. If that is not present, it
+        will use an exponential backoff. By default, the backoff factor is 0 and
+        this method will return immediately.
+        """
+
+        if self.respect_retry_after_header and response:
+            slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
+            if slept:
+                return
+
+        self._sleep_backoff()
+
+    def _is_connection_error(self, err):
+        """Errors when we're fairly sure that the server did not receive the
+        request, so it should be safe to retry.
+        """
+        if isinstance(err, ProxyError):
+            err = err.original_error
+        return isinstance(err, ConnectTimeoutError)
+
+    def _is_read_error(self, err):
+        """Errors that occur after the request has been started, so we should
+        assume that the server began processing it.
+        """
+        return isinstance(err, (ReadTimeoutError, ProtocolError))
+
+    def _is_method_retryable(self, method):
+        """Checks if a given HTTP method should be retried upon, depending if
+        it is included in the allowed_methods
+        """
+        # TODO: For now favor if the Retry implementation sets its own method_whitelist
+        # property outside of our constructor to avoid breaking custom implementations.
+        if "method_whitelist" in self.__dict__:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            allowed_methods = self.method_whitelist
+        else:
+            allowed_methods = self.allowed_methods
+
+        if allowed_methods and method.upper() not in allowed_methods:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def is_retry(self, method, status_code, has_retry_after=False):
+        """Is this method/status code retryable? (Based on allowlists and control
+        variables such as the number of total retries to allow, whether to
+        respect the Retry-After header, whether this header is present, and
+        whether the returned status code is on the list of status codes to
+        be retried upon on the presence of the aforementioned header)
+        """
+        if not self._is_method_retryable(method):
+            return False
+
+        if self.status_forcelist and status_code in self.status_forcelist:
+            return True
+
+        return (
+            self.total
+            and self.respect_retry_after_header
+            and has_retry_after
+            and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
+        )
+
+    def is_exhausted(self):
+        """Are we out of retries?"""
+        retry_counts = (
+            self.total,
+            self.connect,
+            self.read,
+            self.redirect,
+            self.status,
+            self.other,
+        )
+        retry_counts = list(filter(None, retry_counts))
+        if not retry_counts:
+            return False
+
+        return min(retry_counts) < 0
+
+    def increment(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        response=None,
+        error=None,
+        _pool=None,
+        _stacktrace=None,
+    ):
+        """Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
+
+        :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
+            return a response.
+        :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.HTTPResponse`
+        :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
+            None if the response was received successfully.
+
+        :return: A new ``Retry`` object.
+        """
+        if self.total is False and error:
+            # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
+            raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+
+        total = self.total
+        if total is not None:
+            total -= 1
+
+        connect = self.connect
+        read = self.read
+        redirect = self.redirect
+        status_count = self.status
+        other = self.other
+        cause = "unknown"
+        status = None
+        redirect_location = None
+
+        if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
+            # Connect retry?
+            if connect is False:
+                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+            elif connect is not None:
+                connect -= 1
+
+        elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
+            # Read retry?
+            if read is False or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
+                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+            elif read is not None:
+                read -= 1
+
+        elif error:
+            # Other retry?
+            if other is not None:
+                other -= 1
+
+        elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
+            # Redirect retry?
+            if redirect is not None:
+                redirect -= 1
+            cause = "too many redirects"
+            redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
+            status = response.status
+
+        else:
+            # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
+            # status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
+            cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
+            if response and response.status:
+                if status_count is not None:
+                    status_count -= 1
+                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
+                status = response.status
+
+        history = self.history + (
+            RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
+        )
+
+        new_retry = self.new(
+            total=total,
+            connect=connect,
+            read=read,
+            redirect=redirect,
+            status=status_count,
+            other=other,
+            history=history,
+        )
+
+        if new_retry.is_exhausted():
+            raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
+
+        log.debug("Incremented Retry for (url='%s'): %r", url, new_retry)
+
+        return new_retry
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "{cls.__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
+            "read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
+        ).format(cls=type(self), self=self)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item == "method_whitelist":
+            # TODO: Remove this deprecated alias in v2.0
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            return self.allowed_methods
+        try:
+            return getattr(super(Retry, self), item)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return getattr(Retry, item)
+
+
+# For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
+Retry.DEFAULT = Retry(3)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b45d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import hmac
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
+from hashlib import md5, sha1, sha256
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InsecurePlatformWarning,
+    ProxySchemeUnsupported,
+    SNIMissingWarning,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from ..packages import six
+from .url import BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE, IPV4_RE
+
+SSLContext = None
+SSLTransport = None
+HAS_SNI = False
+IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+ALPN_PROTOCOLS = ["http/1.1"]
+
+# Maps the length of a digest to a possible hash function producing this digest
+HASHFUNC_MAP = {32: md5, 40: sha1, 64: sha256}
+
+
+def _const_compare_digest_backport(a, b):
+    """
+    Compare two digests of equal length in constant time.
+
+    The digests must be of type str/bytes.
+    Returns True if the digests match, and False otherwise.
+    """
+    result = abs(len(a) - len(b))
+    for left, right in zip(bytearray(a), bytearray(b)):
+        result |= left ^ right
+    return result == 0
+
+
+_const_compare_digest = getattr(hmac, "compare_digest", _const_compare_digest_backport)
+
+try:  # Test for SSL features
+    import ssl
+    from ssl import CERT_REQUIRED, wrap_socket
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI  # Has SNI?
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from .ssltransport import SSLTransport
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3.6
+    from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+    PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv23 as PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
+    except ImportError:
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS = 2
+
+try:
+    from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+except ImportError:
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT = PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+
+try:
+    from ssl import OP_NO_COMPRESSION, OP_NO_SSLv2, OP_NO_SSLv3
+except ImportError:
+    OP_NO_SSLv2, OP_NO_SSLv3 = 0x1000000, 0x2000000
+    OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x20000
+
+
+try:  # OP_NO_TICKET was added in Python 3.6
+    from ssl import OP_NO_TICKET
+except ImportError:
+    OP_NO_TICKET = 0x4000
+
+
+# A secure default.
+# Sources for more information on TLS ciphers:
+#
+# - https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
+# - https://www.ssllabs.com/projects/best-practices/index.html
+# - https://hynek.me/articles/hardening-your-web-servers-ssl-ciphers/
+#
+# The general intent is:
+# - prefer cipher suites that offer perfect forward secrecy (DHE/ECDHE),
+# - prefer ECDHE over DHE for better performance,
+# - prefer any AES-GCM and ChaCha20 over any AES-CBC for better performance and
+#   security,
+# - prefer AES-GCM over ChaCha20 because hardware-accelerated AES is common,
+# - disable NULL authentication, MD5 MACs, DSS, and other
+#   insecure ciphers for security reasons.
+# - NOTE: TLS 1.3 cipher suites are managed through a different interface
+#   not exposed by CPython (yet!) and are enabled by default if they're available.
+DEFAULT_CIPHERS = ":".join(
+    [
+        "ECDHE+AESGCM",
+        "ECDHE+CHACHA20",
+        "DHE+AESGCM",
+        "DHE+CHACHA20",
+        "ECDH+AESGCM",
+        "DH+AESGCM",
+        "ECDH+AES",
+        "DH+AES",
+        "RSA+AESGCM",
+        "RSA+AES",
+        "!aNULL",
+        "!eNULL",
+        "!MD5",
+        "!DSS",
+    ]
+)
+
+try:
+    from ssl import SSLContext  # Modern SSL?
+except ImportError:
+
+    class SSLContext(object):  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+        def __init__(self, protocol_version):
+            self.protocol = protocol_version
+            # Use default values from a real SSLContext
+            self.check_hostname = False
+            self.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+            self.ca_certs = None
+            self.options = 0
+            self.certfile = None
+            self.keyfile = None
+            self.ciphers = None
+
+        def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile):
+            self.certfile = certfile
+            self.keyfile = keyfile
+
+        def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+            self.ca_certs = cafile
+
+            if capath is not None:
+                raise SSLError("CA directories not supported in older Pythons")
+
+            if cadata is not None:
+                raise SSLError("CA data not supported in older Pythons")
+
+        def set_ciphers(self, cipher_suite):
+            self.ciphers = cipher_suite
+
+        def wrap_socket(self, socket, server_hostname=None, server_side=False):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents "
+                "urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause "
+                "certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer "
+                "version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+                "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                "#ssl-warnings",
+                InsecurePlatformWarning,
+            )
+            kwargs = {
+                "keyfile": self.keyfile,
+                "certfile": self.certfile,
+                "ca_certs": self.ca_certs,
+                "cert_reqs": self.verify_mode,
+                "ssl_version": self.protocol,
+                "server_side": server_side,
+            }
+            return wrap_socket(socket, ciphers=self.ciphers, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assert_fingerprint(cert, fingerprint):
+    """
+    Checks if given fingerprint matches the supplied certificate.
+
+    :param cert:
+        Certificate as bytes object.
+    :param fingerprint:
+        Fingerprint as string of hexdigits, can be interspersed by colons.
+    """
+
+    fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(":", "").lower()
+    digest_length = len(fingerprint)
+    hashfunc = HASHFUNC_MAP.get(digest_length)
+    if not hashfunc:
+        raise SSLError("Fingerprint of invalid length: {0}".format(fingerprint))
+
+    # We need encode() here for py32; works on py2 and p33.
+    fingerprint_bytes = unhexlify(fingerprint.encode())
+
+    cert_digest = hashfunc(cert).digest()
+
+    if not _const_compare_digest(cert_digest, fingerprint_bytes):
+        raise SSLError(
+            'Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{0}", got "{1}".'.format(
+                fingerprint, hexlify(cert_digest)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate):
+    """
+    Resolves the argument to a numeric constant, which can be passed to
+    the wrap_socket function/method from the ssl module.
+    Defaults to :data:`ssl.CERT_REQUIRED`.
+    If given a string it is assumed to be the name of the constant in the
+    :mod:`ssl` module or its abbreviation.
+    (So you can specify `REQUIRED` instead of `CERT_REQUIRED`.
+    If it's neither `None` nor a string we assume it is already the numeric
+    constant which can directly be passed to wrap_socket.
+    """
+    if candidate is None:
+        return CERT_REQUIRED
+
+    if isinstance(candidate, str):
+        res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
+        if res is None:
+            res = getattr(ssl, "CERT_" + candidate)
+        return res
+
+    return candidate
+
+
+def resolve_ssl_version(candidate):
+    """
+    like resolve_cert_reqs
+    """
+    if candidate is None:
+        return PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+    if isinstance(candidate, str):
+        res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
+        if res is None:
+            res = getattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_" + candidate)
+        return res
+
+    return candidate
+
+
+def create_urllib3_context(
+    ssl_version=None, cert_reqs=None, options=None, ciphers=None
+):
+    """All arguments have the same meaning as ``ssl_wrap_socket``.
+
+    By default, this function does a lot of the same work that
+    ``ssl.create_default_context`` does on Python 3.4+. It:
+
+    - Disables SSLv2, SSLv3, and compression
+    - Sets a restricted set of server ciphers
+
+    If you wish to enable SSLv3, you can do::
+
+        from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import ssl_
+        context = ssl_.create_urllib3_context()
+        context.options &= ~ssl_.OP_NO_SSLv3
+
+    You can do the same to enable compression (substituting ``COMPRESSION``
+    for ``SSLv3`` in the last line above).
+
+    :param ssl_version:
+        The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+        the server and your installation of OpenSSL support.
+    :param cert_reqs:
+        Whether to require the certificate verification. This defaults to
+        ``ssl.CERT_REQUIRED``.
+    :param options:
+        Specific OpenSSL options. These default to ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2``,
+        ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3``, ``ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION``, and ``ssl.OP_NO_TICKET``.
+    :param ciphers:
+        Which cipher suites to allow the server to select.
+    :returns:
+        Constructed SSLContext object with specified options
+    :rtype: SSLContext
+    """
+    # PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated in Python 3.10
+    if not ssl_version or ssl_version == PROTOCOL_TLS:
+        ssl_version = PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+
+    context = SSLContext(ssl_version)
+
+    context.set_ciphers(ciphers or DEFAULT_CIPHERS)
+
+    # Setting the default here, as we may have no ssl module on import
+    cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if cert_reqs is None else cert_reqs
+
+    if options is None:
+        options = 0
+        # SSLv2 is easily broken and is considered harmful and dangerous
+        options |= OP_NO_SSLv2
+        # SSLv3 has several problems and is now dangerous
+        options |= OP_NO_SSLv3
+        # Disable compression to prevent CRIME attacks for OpenSSL 1.0+
+        # (issue #309)
+        options |= OP_NO_COMPRESSION
+        # TLSv1.2 only. Unless set explicitly, do not request tickets.
+        # This may save some bandwidth on wire, and although the ticket is encrypted,
+        # there is a risk associated with it being on wire,
+        # if the server is not rotating its ticketing keys properly.
+        options |= OP_NO_TICKET
+
+    context.options |= options
+
+    # Enable post-handshake authentication for TLS 1.3, see GH #1634. PHA is
+    # necessary for conditional client cert authentication with TLS 1.3.
+    # The attribute is None for OpenSSL <= 1.1.0 or does not exist in older
+    # versions of Python.  We only enable on Python 3.7.4+ or if certificate
+    # verification is enabled to work around Python issue #37428
+    # See: https://bugs.python.org/issue37428
+    if (cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED or sys.version_info >= (3, 7, 4)) and getattr(
+        context, "post_handshake_auth", None
+    ) is not None:
+        context.post_handshake_auth = True
+
+    def disable_check_hostname():
+        if (
+            getattr(context, "check_hostname", None) is not None
+        ):  # Platform-specific: Python 3.2
+            # We do our own verification, including fingerprints and alternative
+            # hostnames. So disable it here
+            context.check_hostname = False
+
+    # The order of the below lines setting verify_mode and check_hostname
+    # matter due to safe-guards SSLContext has to prevent an SSLContext with
+    # check_hostname=True, verify_mode=NONE/OPTIONAL. This is made even more
+    # complex because we don't know whether PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT will be used
+    # or not so we don't know the initial state of the freshly created SSLContext.
+    if cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED:
+        context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
+        disable_check_hostname()
+    else:
+        disable_check_hostname()
+        context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
+
+    # Enable logging of TLS session keys via defacto standard environment variable
+    # 'SSLKEYLOGFILE', if the feature is available (Python 3.8+). Skip empty values.
+    if hasattr(context, "keylog_filename"):
+        sslkeylogfile = os.environ.get("SSLKEYLOGFILE")
+        if sslkeylogfile:
+            context.keylog_filename = sslkeylogfile
+
+    return context
+
+
+def ssl_wrap_socket(
+    sock,
+    keyfile=None,
+    certfile=None,
+    cert_reqs=None,
+    ca_certs=None,
+    server_hostname=None,
+    ssl_version=None,
+    ciphers=None,
+    ssl_context=None,
+    ca_cert_dir=None,
+    key_password=None,
+    ca_cert_data=None,
+    tls_in_tls=False,
+):
+    """
+    All arguments except for server_hostname, ssl_context, and ca_cert_dir have
+    the same meaning as they do when using :func:`ssl.wrap_socket`.
+
+    :param server_hostname:
+        When SNI is supported, the expected hostname of the certificate
+    :param ssl_context:
+        A pre-made :class:`SSLContext` object. If none is provided, one will
+        be created using :func:`create_urllib3_context`.
+    :param ciphers:
+        A string of ciphers we wish the client to support.
+    :param ca_cert_dir:
+        A directory containing CA certificates in multiple separate files, as
+        supported by OpenSSL's -CApath flag or the capath argument to
+        SSLContext.load_verify_locations().
+    :param key_password:
+        Optional password if the keyfile is encrypted.
+    :param ca_cert_data:
+        Optional string containing CA certificates in PEM format suitable for
+        passing as the cadata parameter to SSLContext.load_verify_locations()
+    :param tls_in_tls:
+        Use SSLTransport to wrap the existing socket.
+    """
+    context = ssl_context
+    if context is None:
+        # Note: This branch of code and all the variables in it are no longer
+        # used by urllib3 itself. We should consider deprecating and removing
+        # this code.
+        context = create_urllib3_context(ssl_version, cert_reqs, ciphers=ciphers)
+
+    if ca_certs or ca_cert_dir or ca_cert_data:
+        try:
+            context.load_verify_locations(ca_certs, ca_cert_dir, ca_cert_data)
+        except (IOError, OSError) as e:
+            raise SSLError(e)
+
+    elif ssl_context is None and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs"):
+        # try to load OS default certs; works well on Windows (require Python3.4+)
+        context.load_default_certs()
+
+    # Attempt to detect if we get the goofy behavior of the
+    # keyfile being encrypted and OpenSSL asking for the
+    # passphrase via the terminal and instead error out.
+    if keyfile and key_password is None and _is_key_file_encrypted(keyfile):
+        raise SSLError("Client private key is encrypted, password is required")
+
+    if certfile:
+        if key_password is None:
+            context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
+        else:
+            context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, key_password)
+
+    try:
+        if hasattr(context, "set_alpn_protocols"):
+            context.set_alpn_protocols(ALPN_PROTOCOLS)
+    except NotImplementedError:  # Defensive: in CI, we always have set_alpn_protocols
+        pass
+
+    # If we detect server_hostname is an IP address then the SNI
+    # extension should not be used according to RFC3546 Section 3.1
+    use_sni_hostname = server_hostname and not is_ipaddress(server_hostname)
+    # SecureTransport uses server_hostname in certificate verification.
+    send_sni = (use_sni_hostname and HAS_SNI) or (
+        IS_SECURETRANSPORT and server_hostname
+    )
+    # Do not warn the user if server_hostname is an invalid SNI hostname.
+    if not HAS_SNI and use_sni_hostname:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name "
+            "Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. "
+            "This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS "
+            "certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to "
+            "a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+            "#ssl-warnings",
+            SNIMissingWarning,
+        )
+
+    if send_sni:
+        ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
+            sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=server_hostname
+        )
+    else:
+        ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls)
+    return ssl_sock
+
+
+def is_ipaddress(hostname):
+    """Detects whether the hostname given is an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+    Also detects IPv6 addresses with Zone IDs.
+
+    :param str hostname: Hostname to examine.
+    :return: True if the hostname is an IP address, False otherwise.
+    """
+    if not six.PY2 and isinstance(hostname, bytes):
+        # IDN A-label bytes are ASCII compatible.
+        hostname = hostname.decode("ascii")
+    return bool(IPV4_RE.match(hostname) or BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(hostname))
+
+
+def _is_key_file_encrypted(key_file):
+    """Detects if a key file is encrypted or not."""
+    with open(key_file, "r") as f:
+        for line in f:
+            # Look for Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+            if "ENCRYPTED" in line:
+                return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, ssl_context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=None):
+    if tls_in_tls:
+        if not SSLTransport:
+            # Import error, ssl is not available.
+            raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                "TLS in TLS requires support for the 'ssl' module"
+            )
+
+        SSLTransport._validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context)
+        return SSLTransport(sock, ssl_context, server_hostname)
+
+    if server_hostname:
+        return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+    else:
+        return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd950c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.3.3, essential when using SSL."""
+
+# Note: This file is under the PSF license as the code comes from the python
+# stdlib.   http://docs.python.org/3/license.html
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+# ipaddress has been backported to 2.6+ in pypi.  If it is installed on the
+# system, use it to handle IPAddress ServerAltnames (this was added in
+# python-3.5) otherwise only do DNS matching.  This allows
+# util.ssl_match_hostname to continue to be used in Python 2.7.
+try:
+    import ipaddress
+except ImportError:
+    ipaddress = None
+
+__version__ = "3.5.0.1"
+
+
+class CertificateError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
+    """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
+
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
+    """
+    pats = []
+    if not dn:
+        return False
+
+    # Ported from python3-syntax:
+    # leftmost, *remainder = dn.split(r'.')
+    parts = dn.split(r".")
+    leftmost = parts[0]
+    remainder = parts[1:]
+
+    wildcards = leftmost.count("*")
+    if wildcards > max_wildcards:
+        # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
+        # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
+        # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
+        # reasonable choice.
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn)
+        )
+
+    # speed up common case w/o wildcards
+    if not wildcards:
+        return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
+
+    # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
+    # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
+    # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
+    if leftmost == "*":
+        # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
+        # fragment.
+        pats.append("[^.]+")
+    elif leftmost.startswith("xn--") or hostname.startswith("xn--"):
+        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
+        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
+        # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
+        # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
+    else:
+        # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r"\*", "[^.]*"))
+
+    # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
+    for frag in remainder:
+        pats.append(re.escape(frag))
+
+    pat = re.compile(r"\A" + r"\.".join(pats) + r"\Z", re.IGNORECASE)
+    return pat.match(hostname)
+
+
+def _to_unicode(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, str) and sys.version_info < (3,):
+        # ignored flake8 # F821 to support python 2.7 function
+        obj = unicode(obj, encoding="ascii", errors="strict")  # noqa: F821
+    return obj
+
+
+def _ipaddress_match(ipname, host_ip):
+    """Exact matching of IP addresses.
+
+    RFC 6125 explicitly doesn't define an algorithm for this
+    (section 1.7.2 - "Out of Scope").
+    """
+    # OpenSSL may add a trailing newline to a subjectAltName's IP address
+    # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
+    ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(ipname).rstrip())
+    return ip == host_ip
+
+
+def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
+    """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
+    SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
+    rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
+
+    CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
+    returns nothing.
+    """
+    if not cert:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+            "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+            "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED"
+        )
+    try:
+        # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
+        host_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(hostname))
+    except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
+        # ValueError: Not an IP address (common case)
+        # UnicodeError: Divergence from upstream: Have to deal with ipaddress not taking
+        # byte strings.  addresses should be all ascii, so we consider it not
+        # an ipaddress in this case
+        host_ip = None
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Divergence from upstream: Make ipaddress library optional
+        if ipaddress is None:
+            host_ip = None
+        else:  # Defensive
+            raise
+    dnsnames = []
+    san = cert.get("subjectAltName", ())
+    for key, value in san:
+        if key == "DNS":
+            if host_ip is None and _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                return
+            dnsnames.append(value)
+        elif key == "IP Address":
+            if host_ip is not None and _ipaddress_match(value, host_ip):
+                return
+            dnsnames.append(value)
+    if not dnsnames:
+        # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
+        # in subjectAltName
+        for sub in cert.get("subject", ()):
+            for key, value in sub:
+                # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
+                # must be used.
+                if key == "commonName":
+                    if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                        return
+                    dnsnames.append(value)
+    if len(dnsnames) > 1:
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "hostname %r "
+            "doesn't match either of %s" % (hostname, ", ".join(map(repr, dnsnames)))
+        )
+    elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
+        raise CertificateError("hostname %r doesn't match %r" % (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+    else:
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "no appropriate commonName or subjectAltName fields were found"
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7105d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import io
+import socket
+import ssl
+
+from ..exceptions import ProxySchemeUnsupported
+from ..packages import six
+
+SSL_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+
+class SSLTransport:
+    """
+    The SSLTransport wraps an existing socket and establishes an SSL connection.
+
+    Contrary to Python's implementation of SSLSocket, it allows you to chain
+    multiple TLS connections together. It's particularly useful if you need to
+    implement TLS within TLS.
+
+    The class supports most of the socket API operations.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context):
+        """
+        Raises a ProxySchemeUnsupported if the provided ssl_context can't be used
+        for TLS in TLS.
+
+        The only requirement is that the ssl_context provides the 'wrap_bio'
+        methods.
+        """
+
+        if not hasattr(ssl_context, "wrap_bio"):
+            if six.PY2:
+                raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                    "TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
+                    "supported on Python 2"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                    "TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
+                    "available on non-native SSLContext"
+                )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, socket, ssl_context, server_hostname=None, suppress_ragged_eofs=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Create an SSLTransport around socket using the provided ssl_context.
+        """
+        self.incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        self.outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self.sslobj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            self.incoming, self.outgoing, server_hostname=server_hostname
+        )
+
+        # Perform initial handshake.
+        self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *_):
+        self.close()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def read(self, len=1024, buffer=None):
+        return self._wrap_ssl_read(len, buffer)
+
+    def recv(self, len=1024, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv")
+        return self._wrap_ssl_read(len)
+
+    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv_into")
+        if buffer and (nbytes is None):
+            nbytes = len(buffer)
+        elif nbytes is None:
+            nbytes = 1024
+        return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
+
+    def sendall(self, data, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to sendall")
+        count = 0
+        with memoryview(data) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
+            amount = len(byte_view)
+            while count < amount:
+                v = self.send(byte_view[count:])
+                count += v
+
+    def send(self, data, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to send")
+        response = self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.write, data)
+        return response
+
+    def makefile(
+        self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Python's httpclient uses makefile and buffered io when reading HTTP
+        messages and we need to support it.
+
+        This is unfortunately a copy and paste of socket.py makefile with small
+        changes to point to the socket directly.
+        """
+        if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
+
+        writing = "w" in mode
+        reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+        assert reading or writing
+        binary = "b" in mode
+        rawmode = ""
+        if reading:
+            rawmode += "r"
+        if writing:
+            rawmode += "w"
+        raw = socket.SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+        self.socket._io_refs += 1
+        if buffering is None:
+            buffering = -1
+        if buffering < 0:
+            buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        if buffering == 0:
+            if not binary:
+                raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+            return raw
+        if reading and writing:
+            buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+        elif reading:
+            buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+        else:
+            assert writing
+            buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+        if binary:
+            return buffer
+        text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+        text.mode = mode
+        return text
+
+    def unwrap(self):
+        self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.unwrap)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.socket.close()
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        return self.sslobj.getpeercert(binary_form)
+
+    def version(self):
+        return self.sslobj.version()
+
+    def cipher(self):
+        return self.sslobj.cipher()
+
+    def selected_alpn_protocol(self):
+        return self.sslobj.selected_alpn_protocol()
+
+    def selected_npn_protocol(self):
+        return self.sslobj.selected_npn_protocol()
+
+    def shared_ciphers(self):
+        return self.sslobj.shared_ciphers()
+
+    def compression(self):
+        return self.sslobj.compression()
+
+    def settimeout(self, value):
+        self.socket.settimeout(value)
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return self.socket.gettimeout()
+
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        self.socket._decref_socketios()
+
+    def _wrap_ssl_read(self, len, buffer=None):
+        try:
+            return self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.read, len, buffer)
+        except ssl.SSLError as e:
+            if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF and self.suppress_ragged_eofs:
+                return 0  # eof, return 0.
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def _ssl_io_loop(self, func, *args):
+        """Performs an I/O loop between incoming/outgoing and the socket."""
+        should_loop = True
+        ret = None
+
+        while should_loop:
+            errno = None
+            try:
+                ret = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
+                    # WANT_READ, and WANT_WRITE are expected, others are not.
+                    raise e
+                errno = e.errno
+
+            buf = self.outgoing.read()
+            self.socket.sendall(buf)
+
+            if errno is None:
+                should_loop = False
+            elif errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+                buf = self.socket.recv(SSL_BLOCKSIZE)
+                if buf:
+                    self.incoming.write(buf)
+                else:
+                    self.incoming.write_eof()
+        return ret
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78e18a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import time
+
+# The default socket timeout, used by httplib to indicate that no timeout was; specified by the user
+from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, getdefaulttimeout
+
+from ..exceptions import TimeoutStateError
+
+# A sentinel value to indicate that no timeout was specified by the user in
+# urllib3
+_Default = object()
+
+
+# Use time.monotonic if available.
+current_time = getattr(time, "monotonic", time.time)
+
+
+class Timeout(object):
+    """Timeout configuration.
+
+    Timeouts can be defined as a default for a pool:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       timeout = Timeout(connect=2.0, read=7.0)
+       http = PoolManager(timeout=timeout)
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/')
+
+    Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool):
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', timeout=Timeout(10))
+
+    Timeouts can be disabled by setting all the parameters to ``None``:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       no_timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None)
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/, timeout=no_timeout)
+
+
+    :param total:
+        This combines the connect and read timeouts into one; the read timeout
+        will be set to the time leftover from the connect attempt. In the
+        event that both a connect timeout and a total are specified, or a read
+        timeout and a total are specified, the shorter timeout will be applied.
+
+        Defaults to None.
+
+    :type total: int, float, or None
+
+    :param connect:
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection
+        attempt to a server to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the
+        connect timeout to the system default, probably `the global default
+        timeout in socket.py
+        <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
+        None will set an infinite timeout for connection attempts.
+
+    :type connect: int, float, or None
+
+    :param read:
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait between consecutive
+        read operations for a response from the server. Omitting the parameter
+        will default the read timeout to the system default, probably `the
+        global default timeout in socket.py
+        <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
+        None will set an infinite timeout.
+
+    :type read: int, float, or None
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Many factors can affect the total amount of time for urllib3 to return
+        an HTTP response.
+
+        For example, Python's DNS resolver does not obey the timeout specified
+        on the socket. Other factors that can affect total request time include
+        high CPU load, high swap, the program running at a low priority level,
+        or other behaviors.
+
+        In addition, the read and total timeouts only measure the time between
+        read operations on the socket connecting the client and the server,
+        not the total amount of time for the request to return a complete
+        response. For most requests, the timeout is raised because the server
+        has not sent the first byte in the specified time. This is not always
+        the case; if a server streams one byte every fifteen seconds, a timeout
+        of 20 seconds will not trigger, even though the request will take
+        several minutes to complete.
+
+        If your goal is to cut off any request after a set amount of wall clock
+        time, consider having a second "watcher" thread to cut off a slow
+        request.
+    """
+
+    #: A sentinel object representing the default timeout value
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+    def __init__(self, total=None, connect=_Default, read=_Default):
+        self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, "connect")
+        self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, "read")
+        self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, "total")
+        self._start_connect = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(connect=%r, read=%r, total=%r)" % (
+            type(self).__name__,
+            self._connect,
+            self._read,
+            self.total,
+        )
+
+    # __str__ provided for backwards compatibility
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_default_timeout(cls, timeout):
+        return getdefaulttimeout() if timeout is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT else timeout
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate_timeout(cls, value, name):
+        """Check that a timeout attribute is valid.
+
+        :param value: The timeout value to validate
+        :param name: The name of the timeout attribute to validate. This is
+            used to specify in error messages.
+        :return: The validated and casted version of the given value.
+        :raises ValueError: If it is a numeric value less than or equal to
+            zero, or the type is not an integer, float, or None.
+        """
+        if value is _Default:
+            return cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+        if value is None or value is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return value
+
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout cannot be a boolean value. It must "
+                "be an int, float or None."
+            )
+        try:
+            float(value)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            if value <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
+                    "timeout cannot be set to a value less "
+                    "than or equal to 0." % (name, value)
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # Python 3
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
+
+        return value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_float(cls, timeout):
+        """Create a new Timeout from a legacy timeout value.
+
+        The timeout value used by httplib.py sets the same timeout on the
+        connect(), and recv() socket requests. This creates a :class:`Timeout`
+        object that sets the individual timeouts to the ``timeout`` value
+        passed to this function.
+
+        :param timeout: The legacy timeout value.
+        :type timeout: integer, float, sentinel default object, or None
+        :return: Timeout object
+        :rtype: :class:`Timeout`
+        """
+        return Timeout(read=timeout, connect=timeout)
+
+    def clone(self):
+        """Create a copy of the timeout object
+
+        Timeout properties are stored per-pool but each request needs a fresh
+        Timeout object to ensure each one has its own start/stop configured.
+
+        :return: a copy of the timeout object
+        :rtype: :class:`Timeout`
+        """
+        # We can't use copy.deepcopy because that will also create a new object
+        # for _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, which socket.py uses as a sentinel to
+        # detect the user default.
+        return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read, total=self.total)
+
+    def start_connect(self):
+        """Start the timeout clock, used during a connect() attempt
+
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
+            to start a timer that has been started already.
+        """
+        if self._start_connect is not None:
+            raise TimeoutStateError("Timeout timer has already been started.")
+        self._start_connect = current_time()
+        return self._start_connect
+
+    def get_connect_duration(self):
+        """Gets the time elapsed since the call to :meth:`start_connect`.
+
+        :return: Elapsed time in seconds.
+        :rtype: float
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
+            to get duration for a timer that hasn't been started.
+        """
+        if self._start_connect is None:
+            raise TimeoutStateError(
+                "Can't get connect duration for timer that has not started."
+            )
+        return current_time() - self._start_connect
+
+    @property
+    def connect_timeout(self):
+        """Get the value to use when setting a connection timeout.
+
+        This will be a positive float or integer, the value None
+        (never timeout), or the default system timeout.
+
+        :return: Connect timeout.
+        :rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
+        """
+        if self.total is None:
+            return self._connect
+
+        if self._connect is None or self._connect is self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return self.total
+
+        return min(self._connect, self.total)
+
+    @property
+    def read_timeout(self):
+        """Get the value for the read timeout.
+
+        This assumes some time has elapsed in the connection timeout and
+        computes the read timeout appropriately.
+
+        If self.total is set, the read timeout is dependent on the amount of
+        time taken by the connect timeout. If the connection time has not been
+        established, a :exc:`~urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError` will be
+        raised.
+
+        :return: Value to use for the read timeout.
+        :rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: If :meth:`start_connect`
+            has not yet been called on this object.
+        """
+        if (
+            self.total is not None
+            and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+            and self._read is not None
+            and self._read is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        ):
+            # In case the connect timeout has not yet been established.
+            if self._start_connect is None:
+                return self._read
+            return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(), self._read))
+        elif self.total is not None and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return max(0, self.total - self.get_connect_duration())
+        else:
+            return self._read
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a960b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import re
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from ..packages import six
+
+url_attrs = ["scheme", "auth", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"]
+
+# We only want to normalize urls with an HTTP(S) scheme.
+# urllib3 infers URLs without a scheme (None) to be http.
+NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ("http", "https", None)
+
+# Almost all of these patterns were derived from the
+# 'rfc3986' module: https://github.com/python-hyper/rfc3986
+PERCENT_RE = re.compile(r"%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}")
+SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-]*:|/)")
+URI_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^(?:([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*):)?"
+    r"(?://([^\\/?#]*))?"
+    r"([^?#]*)"
+    r"(?:\?([^#]*))?"
+    r"(?:#(.*))?$",
+    re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL,
+)
+
+IPV4_PAT = r"(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
+HEX_PAT = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}"
+LS32_PAT = "(?:{hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=HEX_PAT, ipv4=IPV4_PAT)
+_subs = {"hex": HEX_PAT, "ls32": LS32_PAT}
+_variations = [
+    #                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s",
+    #                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "::(?:%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s",
+    # [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s",
+    # [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::",
+]
+
+UNRESERVED_PAT = r"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._\-~"
+IPV6_PAT = "(?:" + "|".join([x % _subs for x in _variations]) + ")"
+ZONE_ID_PAT = "(?:%25|%)(?:[" + UNRESERVED_PAT + "]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})+"
+IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT = r"\[" + IPV6_PAT + r"(?:" + ZONE_ID_PAT + r")?\]"
+REG_NAME_PAT = r"(?:[^\[\]%:/?#]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})*"
+TARGET_RE = re.compile(r"^(/[^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#.*)?$")
+
+IPV4_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV4_PAT + "$")
+IPV6_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_PAT + "$")
+IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT + "$")
+BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT[2:-2] + "$")
+ZONE_ID_RE = re.compile("(" + ZONE_ID_PAT + r")\]$")
+
+_HOST_PORT_PAT = ("^(%s|%s|%s)(?::0*?(|0|[1-9][0-9]{0,4}))?$") % (
+    REG_NAME_PAT,
+    IPV4_PAT,
+    IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT,
+)
+_HOST_PORT_RE = re.compile(_HOST_PORT_PAT, re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL)
+
+UNRESERVED_CHARS = set(
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._-~"
+)
+SUB_DELIM_CHARS = set("!$&'()*+,;=")
+USERINFO_CHARS = UNRESERVED_CHARS | SUB_DELIM_CHARS | {":"}
+PATH_CHARS = USERINFO_CHARS | {"@", "/"}
+QUERY_CHARS = FRAGMENT_CHARS = PATH_CHARS | {"?"}
+
+
+class Url(namedtuple("Url", url_attrs)):
+    """
+    Data structure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
+    :func:`parse_url`. Both the scheme and host are normalized as they are
+    both case-insensitive according to RFC 3986.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        auth=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+    ):
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            path = "/" + path
+        if scheme is not None:
+            scheme = scheme.lower()
+        return super(Url, cls).__new__(
+            cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self):
+        """For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def request_uri(self):
+        """Absolute path including the query string."""
+        uri = self.path or "/"
+
+        if self.query is not None:
+            uri += "?" + self.query
+
+        return uri
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self):
+        """Network location including host and port"""
+        if self.port:
+            return "%s:%d" % (self.host, self.port)
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        """
+        Convert self into a url
+
+        This function should more or less round-trip with :func:`.parse_url`. The
+        returned url may not be exactly the same as the url inputted to
+        :func:`.parse_url`, but it should be equivalent by the RFC (e.g., urls
+        with a blank port will have : removed).
+
+        Example: ::
+
+            >>> U = parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
+            >>> U.url
+            'http://google.com/mail/'
+            >>> Url('http', 'username:password', 'host.com', 80,
+            ... '/path', 'query', 'fragment').url
+            'http://username:password@host.com:80/path?query#fragment'
+        """
+        scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = self
+        url = u""
+
+        # We use "is not None" we want things to happen with empty strings (or 0 port)
+        if scheme is not None:
+            url += scheme + u"://"
+        if auth is not None:
+            url += auth + u"@"
+        if host is not None:
+            url += host
+        if port is not None:
+            url += u":" + str(port)
+        if path is not None:
+            url += path
+        if query is not None:
+            url += u"?" + query
+        if fragment is not None:
+            url += u"#" + fragment
+
+        return url
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.url
+
+
+def split_first(s, delims):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.25
+
+    Given a string and an iterable of delimiters, split on the first found
+    delimiter. Return two split parts and the matched delimiter.
+
+    If not found, then the first part is the full input string.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '?/=')
+        ('foo', 'bar?baz', '/')
+        >>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '123')
+        ('foo/bar?baz', '', None)
+
+    Scales linearly with number of delims. Not ideal for large number of delims.
+    """
+    min_idx = None
+    min_delim = None
+    for d in delims:
+        idx = s.find(d)
+        if idx < 0:
+            continue
+
+        if min_idx is None or idx < min_idx:
+            min_idx = idx
+            min_delim = d
+
+    if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
+        return s, "", None
+
+    return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx + 1 :], min_delim
+
+
+def _encode_invalid_chars(component, allowed_chars, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Percent-encodes a URI component without reapplying
+    onto an already percent-encoded component.
+    """
+    if component is None:
+        return component
+
+    component = six.ensure_text(component)
+
+    # Normalize existing percent-encoded bytes.
+    # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
+    # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
+    component, percent_encodings = PERCENT_RE.subn(
+        lambda match: match.group(0).upper(), component
+    )
+
+    uri_bytes = component.encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass")
+    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
+    encoded_component = bytearray()
+
+    for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
+        # Will return a single character bytestring on both Python 2 & 3
+        byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
+        byte_ord = ord(byte)
+        if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
+            byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars
+        ):
+            encoded_component += byte
+            continue
+        encoded_component.extend(b"%" + (hex(byte_ord)[2:].encode().zfill(2).upper()))
+
+    return encoded_component.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def _remove_path_dot_segments(path):
+    # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code
+    segments = path.split("/")  # Turn the path into a list of segments
+    output = []  # Initialize the variable to use to store output
+
+    for segment in segments:
+        # '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous
+        if segment == ".":
+            continue
+        # Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output
+        elif segment != "..":
+            output.append(segment)
+        # In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last
+        # element
+        elif output:
+            output.pop()
+
+    # If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string
+    # is non-empty
+    if path.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]):
+        output.insert(0, "")
+
+    # If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty
+    # string to add a trailing '/'
+    if path.endswith(("/.", "/..")):
+        output.append("")
+
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
+    if host:
+        if isinstance(host, six.binary_type):
+            host = six.ensure_str(host)
+
+        if scheme in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES:
+            is_ipv6 = IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(host)
+            if is_ipv6:
+                # IPv6 hosts of the form 'a::b%zone' are encoded in a URL as
+                # such per RFC 6874: 'a::b%25zone'. Unquote the ZoneID
+                # separator as necessary to return a valid RFC 4007 scoped IP.
+                match = ZONE_ID_RE.search(host)
+                if match:
+                    start, end = match.span(1)
+                    zone_id = host[start:end]
+
+                    if zone_id.startswith("%25") and zone_id != "%25":
+                        zone_id = zone_id[3:]
+                    else:
+                        zone_id = zone_id[1:]
+                    zone_id = "%" + _encode_invalid_chars(zone_id, UNRESERVED_CHARS)
+                    return host[:start].lower() + zone_id + host[end:]
+                else:
+                    return host.lower()
+            elif not IPV4_RE.match(host):
+                return six.ensure_str(
+                    b".".join([_idna_encode(label) for label in host.split(".")])
+                )
+    return host
+
+
+def _idna_encode(name):
+    if name and any(ord(x) >= 128 for x in name):
+        try:
+            from pip._vendor import idna
+        except ImportError:
+            six.raise_from(
+                LocationParseError("Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module"),
+                None,
+            )
+        try:
+            return idna.encode(name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True)
+        except idna.IDNAError:
+            six.raise_from(
+                LocationParseError(u"Name '%s' is not a valid IDNA label" % name), None
+            )
+    return name.lower().encode("ascii")
+
+
+def _encode_target(target):
+    """Percent-encodes a request target so that there are no invalid characters"""
+    path, query = TARGET_RE.match(target).groups()
+    target = _encode_invalid_chars(path, PATH_CHARS)
+    query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, QUERY_CHARS)
+    if query is not None:
+        target += "?" + query
+    return target
+
+
+def parse_url(url):
+    """
+    Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
+    performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
+    This parser is RFC 3986 and RFC 6874 compliant.
+
+    The parser logic and helper functions are based heavily on
+    work done in the ``rfc3986`` module.
+
+    :param str url: URL to parse into a :class:`.Url` namedtuple.
+
+    Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urlparse`.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
+        Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/mail/', ...)
+        >>> parse_url('google.com:80')
+        Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
+        >>> parse_url('/foo?bar')
+        Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
+    """
+    if not url:
+        # Empty
+        return Url()
+
+    source_url = url
+    if not SCHEME_RE.search(url):
+        url = "//" + url
+
+    try:
+        scheme, authority, path, query, fragment = URI_RE.match(url).groups()
+        normalize_uri = scheme is None or scheme.lower() in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES
+
+        if scheme:
+            scheme = scheme.lower()
+
+        if authority:
+            auth, _, host_port = authority.rpartition("@")
+            auth = auth or None
+            host, port = _HOST_PORT_RE.match(host_port).groups()
+            if auth and normalize_uri:
+                auth = _encode_invalid_chars(auth, USERINFO_CHARS)
+            if port == "":
+                port = None
+        else:
+            auth, host, port = None, None, None
+
+        if port is not None:
+            port = int(port)
+            if not (0 <= port <= 65535):
+                raise LocationParseError(url)
+
+        host = _normalize_host(host, scheme)
+
+        if normalize_uri and path:
+            path = _remove_path_dot_segments(path)
+            path = _encode_invalid_chars(path, PATH_CHARS)
+        if normalize_uri and query:
+            query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, QUERY_CHARS)
+        if normalize_uri and fragment:
+            fragment = _encode_invalid_chars(fragment, FRAGMENT_CHARS)
+
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+        return six.raise_from(LocationParseError(source_url), None)
+
+    # For the sake of backwards compatibility we put empty
+    # string values for path if there are any defined values
+    # beyond the path in the URL.
+    # TODO: Remove this when we break backwards compatibility.
+    if not path:
+        if query is not None or fragment is not None:
+            path = ""
+        else:
+            path = None
+
+    # Ensure that each part of the URL is a `str` for
+    # backwards compatibility.
+    if isinstance(url, six.text_type):
+        ensure_func = six.ensure_text
+    else:
+        ensure_func = six.ensure_str
+
+    def ensure_type(x):
+        return x if x is None else ensure_func(x)
+
+    return Url(
+        scheme=ensure_type(scheme),
+        auth=ensure_type(auth),
+        host=ensure_type(host),
+        port=port,
+        path=ensure_type(path),
+        query=ensure_type(query),
+        fragment=ensure_type(fragment),
+    )
+
+
+def get_host(url):
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use :func:`parse_url` instead.
+    """
+    p = parse_url(url)
+    return p.scheme or "http", p.hostname, p.port
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21b4590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import errno
+import select
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+
+try:
+    from time import monotonic
+except ImportError:
+    from time import time as monotonic
+
+__all__ = ["NoWayToWaitForSocketError", "wait_for_read", "wait_for_write"]
+
+
+class NoWayToWaitForSocketError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# How should we wait on sockets?
+#
+# There are two types of APIs you can use for waiting on sockets: the fancy
+# modern stateful APIs like epoll/kqueue, and the older stateless APIs like
+# select/poll. The stateful APIs are more efficient when you have a lots of
+# sockets to keep track of, because you can set them up once and then use them
+# lots of times. But we only ever want to wait on a single socket at a time
+# and don't want to keep track of state, so the stateless APIs are actually
+# more efficient. So we want to use select() or poll().
+#
+# Now, how do we choose between select() and poll()? On traditional Unixes,
+# select() has a strange calling convention that makes it slow, or fail
+# altogether, for high-numbered file descriptors. The point of poll() is to fix
+# that, so on Unixes, we prefer poll().
+#
+# On Windows, there is no poll() (or at least Python doesn't provide a wrapper
+# for it), but that's OK, because on Windows, select() doesn't have this
+# strange calling convention; plain select() works fine.
+#
+# So: on Windows we use select(), and everywhere else we use poll(). We also
+# fall back to select() in case poll() is somehow broken or missing.
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 5):
+    # Modern Python, that retries syscalls by default
+    def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
+        return fn(timeout)
+
+else:
+    # Old and broken Pythons.
+    def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
+        if timeout is None:
+            deadline = float("inf")
+        else:
+            deadline = monotonic() + timeout
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return fn(timeout)
+            # OSError for 3 <= pyver < 3.5, select.error for pyver <= 2.7
+            except (OSError, select.error) as e:
+                # 'e.args[0]' incantation works for both OSError and select.error
+                if e.args[0] != errno.EINTR:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    timeout = deadline - monotonic()
+                    if timeout < 0:
+                        timeout = 0
+                    if timeout == float("inf"):
+                        timeout = None
+                    continue
+
+
+def select_wait_for_socket(sock, read=False, write=False, timeout=None):
+    if not read and not write:
+        raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
+    rcheck = []
+    wcheck = []
+    if read:
+        rcheck.append(sock)
+    if write:
+        wcheck.append(sock)
+    # When doing a non-blocking connect, most systems signal success by
+    # marking the socket writable. Windows, though, signals success by marked
+    # it as "exceptional". We paper over the difference by checking the write
+    # sockets for both conditions. (The stdlib selectors module does the same
+    # thing.)
+    fn = partial(select.select, rcheck, wcheck, wcheck)
+    rready, wready, xready = _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout)
+    return bool(rready or wready or xready)
+
+
+def poll_wait_for_socket(sock, read=False, write=False, timeout=None):
+    if not read and not write:
+        raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
+    mask = 0
+    if read:
+        mask |= select.POLLIN
+    if write:
+        mask |= select.POLLOUT
+    poll_obj = select.poll()
+    poll_obj.register(sock, mask)
+
+    # For some reason, poll() takes timeout in milliseconds
+    def do_poll(t):
+        if t is not None:
+            t *= 1000
+        return poll_obj.poll(t)
+
+    return bool(_retry_on_intr(do_poll, timeout))
+
+
+def null_wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs):
+    raise NoWayToWaitForSocketError("no select-equivalent available")
+
+
+def _have_working_poll():
+    # Apparently some systems have a select.poll that fails as soon as you try
+    # to use it, either due to strange configuration or broken monkeypatching
+    # from libraries like eventlet/greenlet.
+    try:
+        poll_obj = select.poll()
+        _retry_on_intr(poll_obj.poll, 0)
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs):
+    # We delay choosing which implementation to use until the first time we're
+    # called. We could do it at import time, but then we might make the wrong
+    # decision if someone goes wild with monkeypatching select.poll after
+    # we're imported.
+    global wait_for_socket
+    if _have_working_poll():
+        wait_for_socket = poll_wait_for_socket
+    elif hasattr(select, "select"):
+        wait_for_socket = select_wait_for_socket
+    else:  # Platform-specific: Appengine.
+        wait_for_socket = null_wait_for_socket
+    return wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def wait_for_read(sock, timeout=None):
+    """Waits for reading to be available on a given socket.
+    Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
+    """
+    return wait_for_socket(sock, read=True, timeout=timeout)
+
+
+def wait_for_write(sock, timeout=None):
+    """Waits for writing to be available on a given socket.
+    Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
+    """
+    return wait_for_socket(sock, write=True, timeout=timeout)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5554c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+CacheControl==0.13.1  # Make sure to update the license in pyproject.toml for this.
+colorama==0.4.6
+distlib==0.3.8
+distro==1.8.0
+msgpack==1.0.5
+packaging==21.3
+platformdirs==3.8.1
+pyparsing==3.1.0
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2023.7.22
+    chardet==5.1.0
+    idna==3.4
+    urllib3==1.26.17
+rich==13.4.2
+    pygments==2.15.1
+    typing_extensions==4.7.1
+resolvelib==1.0.1
+setuptools==68.0.0
+six==1.16.0
+tenacity==8.2.2
+tomli==2.0.1
+truststore==0.8.0
+webencodings==0.5.1
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d21d697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+
+    webencodings
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    This is a Python implementation of the `WHATWG Encoding standard
+    <http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/>`. See README for details.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+
+from .labels import LABELS
+
+
+VERSION = '0.5.1'
+
+
+# Some names in Encoding are not valid Python aliases. Remap these.
+PYTHON_NAMES = {
+    'iso-8859-8-i': 'iso-8859-8',
+    'x-mac-cyrillic': 'mac-cyrillic',
+    'macintosh': 'mac-roman',
+    'windows-874': 'cp874'}
+
+CACHE = {}
+
+
+def ascii_lower(string):
+    r"""Transform (only) ASCII letters to lower case: A-Z is mapped to a-z.
+
+    :param string: An Unicode string.
+    :returns: A new Unicode string.
+
+    This is used for `ASCII case-insensitive
+    <http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-case-insensitive>`_
+    matching of encoding labels.
+    The same matching is also used, among other things,
+    for `CSS keywords <http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values/#keywords>`_.
+
+    This is different from the :meth:`~py:str.lower` method of Unicode strings
+    which also affect non-ASCII characters,
+    sometimes mapping them into the ASCII range:
+
+        >>> keyword = u'Bac\N{KELVIN SIGN}ground'
+        >>> assert keyword.lower() == u'background'
+        >>> assert ascii_lower(keyword) != keyword.lower()
+        >>> assert ascii_lower(keyword) == u'bac\N{KELVIN SIGN}ground'
+
+    """
+    # This turns out to be faster than unicode.translate()
+    return string.encode('utf8').lower().decode('utf8')
+
+
+def lookup(label):
+    """
+    Look for an encoding by its label.
+    This is the spec’s `get an encoding
+    <http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-encoding-get>`_ algorithm.
+    Supported labels are listed there.
+
+    :param label: A string.
+    :returns:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object, or :obj:`None` for an unknown label.
+
+    """
+    # Only strip ASCII whitespace: U+0009, U+000A, U+000C, U+000D, and U+0020.
+    label = ascii_lower(label.strip('\t\n\f\r '))
+    name = LABELS.get(label)
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+    encoding = CACHE.get(name)
+    if encoding is None:
+        if name == 'x-user-defined':
+            from .x_user_defined import codec_info
+        else:
+            python_name = PYTHON_NAMES.get(name, name)
+            # Any python_name value that gets to here should be valid.
+            codec_info = codecs.lookup(python_name)
+        encoding = Encoding(name, codec_info)
+        CACHE[name] = encoding
+    return encoding
+
+
+def _get_encoding(encoding_or_label):
+    """
+    Accept either an encoding object or label.
+
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :returns: An :class:`Encoding` object.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown label.
+
+    """
+    if hasattr(encoding_or_label, 'codec_info'):
+        return encoding_or_label
+
+    encoding = lookup(encoding_or_label)
+    if encoding is None:
+        raise LookupError('Unknown encoding label: %r' % encoding_or_label)
+    return encoding
+
+
+class Encoding(object):
+    """Reresents a character encoding such as UTF-8,
+    that can be used for decoding or encoding.
+
+    .. attribute:: name
+
+        Canonical name of the encoding
+
+    .. attribute:: codec_info
+
+        The actual implementation of the encoding,
+        a stdlib :class:`~codecs.CodecInfo` object.
+        See :func:`codecs.register`.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, codec_info):
+        self.name = name
+        self.codec_info = codec_info
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Encoding %s>' % self.name
+
+
+#: The UTF-8 encoding. Should be used for new content and formats.
+UTF8 = lookup('utf-8')
+
+_UTF16LE = lookup('utf-16le')
+_UTF16BE = lookup('utf-16be')
+
+
+def decode(input, fallback_encoding, errors='replace'):
+    """
+    Decode a single string.
+
+    :param input: A byte string
+    :param fallback_encoding:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+        The encoding to use if :obj:`input` does note have a BOM.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :return:
+        A ``(output, encoding)`` tuple of an Unicode string
+        and an :obj:`Encoding`.
+
+    """
+    # Fail early if `encoding` is an invalid label.
+    fallback_encoding = _get_encoding(fallback_encoding)
+    bom_encoding, input = _detect_bom(input)
+    encoding = bom_encoding or fallback_encoding
+    return encoding.codec_info.decode(input, errors)[0], encoding
+
+
+def _detect_bom(input):
+    """Return (bom_encoding, input), with any BOM removed from the input."""
+    if input.startswith(b'\xFF\xFE'):
+        return _UTF16LE, input[2:]
+    if input.startswith(b'\xFE\xFF'):
+        return _UTF16BE, input[2:]
+    if input.startswith(b'\xEF\xBB\xBF'):
+        return UTF8, input[3:]
+    return None, input
+
+
+def encode(input, encoding=UTF8, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    Encode a single string.
+
+    :param input: An Unicode string.
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :return: A byte string.
+
+    """
+    return _get_encoding(encoding).codec_info.encode(input, errors)[0]
+
+
+def iter_decode(input, fallback_encoding, errors='replace'):
+    """
+    "Pull"-based decoder.
+
+    :param input:
+        An iterable of byte strings.
+
+        The input is first consumed just enough to determine the encoding
+        based on the precense of a BOM,
+        then consumed on demand when the return value is.
+    :param fallback_encoding:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+        The encoding to use if :obj:`input` does note have a BOM.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :returns:
+        An ``(output, encoding)`` tuple.
+        :obj:`output` is an iterable of Unicode strings,
+        :obj:`encoding` is the :obj:`Encoding` that is being used.
+
+    """
+
+    decoder = IncrementalDecoder(fallback_encoding, errors)
+    generator = _iter_decode_generator(input, decoder)
+    encoding = next(generator)
+    return generator, encoding
+
+
+def _iter_decode_generator(input, decoder):
+    """Return a generator that first yields the :obj:`Encoding`,
+    then yields output chukns as Unicode strings.
+
+    """
+    decode = decoder.decode
+    input = iter(input)
+    for chunck in input:
+        output = decode(chunck)
+        if output:
+            assert decoder.encoding is not None
+            yield decoder.encoding
+            yield output
+            break
+    else:
+        # Input exhausted without determining the encoding
+        output = decode(b'', final=True)
+        assert decoder.encoding is not None
+        yield decoder.encoding
+        if output:
+            yield output
+        return
+
+    for chunck in input:
+        output = decode(chunck)
+        if output:
+            yield output
+    output = decode(b'', final=True)
+    if output:
+        yield output
+
+
+def iter_encode(input, encoding=UTF8, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    “Pull”-based encoder.
+
+    :param input: An iterable of Unicode strings.
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :returns: An iterable of byte strings.
+
+    """
+    # Fail early if `encoding` is an invalid label.
+    encode = IncrementalEncoder(encoding, errors).encode
+    return _iter_encode_generator(input, encode)
+
+
+def _iter_encode_generator(input, encode):
+    for chunck in input:
+        output = encode(chunck)
+        if output:
+            yield output
+    output = encode('', final=True)
+    if output:
+        yield output
+
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(object):
+    """
+    “Push”-based decoder.
+
+    :param fallback_encoding:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+        The encoding to use if :obj:`input` does note have a BOM.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, fallback_encoding, errors='replace'):
+        # Fail early if `encoding` is an invalid label.
+        self._fallback_encoding = _get_encoding(fallback_encoding)
+        self._errors = errors
+        self._buffer = b''
+        self._decoder = None
+        #: The actual :class:`Encoding` that is being used,
+        #: or :obj:`None` if that is not determined yet.
+        #: (Ie. if there is not enough input yet to determine
+        #: if there is a BOM.)
+        self.encoding = None  # Not known yet.
+
+    def decode(self, input, final=False):
+        """Decode one chunk of the input.
+
+        :param input: A byte string.
+        :param final:
+            Indicate that no more input is available.
+            Must be :obj:`True` if this is the last call.
+        :returns: An Unicode string.
+
+        """
+        decoder = self._decoder
+        if decoder is not None:
+            return decoder(input, final)
+
+        input = self._buffer + input
+        encoding, input = _detect_bom(input)
+        if encoding is None:
+            if len(input) < 3 and not final:  # Not enough data yet.
+                self._buffer = input
+                return ''
+            else:  # No BOM
+                encoding = self._fallback_encoding
+        decoder = encoding.codec_info.incrementaldecoder(self._errors).decode
+        self._decoder = decoder
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        return decoder(input, final)
+
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(object):
+    """
+    “Push”-based encoder.
+
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+
+    .. method:: encode(input, final=False)
+
+        :param input: An Unicode string.
+        :param final:
+            Indicate that no more input is available.
+            Must be :obj:`True` if this is the last call.
+        :returns: A byte string.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, encoding=UTF8, errors='strict'):
+        encoding = _get_encoding(encoding)
+        self.encode = encoding.codec_info.incrementalencoder(errors).encode
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/labels.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/labels.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29cbf91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/labels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""
+
+    webencodings.labels
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Map encoding labels to their name.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+# XXX Do not edit!
+# This file is automatically generated by mklabels.py
+
+LABELS = {
+    'unicode-1-1-utf-8':   'utf-8',
+    'utf-8':               'utf-8',
+    'utf8':                'utf-8',
+    '866':                 'ibm866',
+    'cp866':               'ibm866',
+    'csibm866':            'ibm866',
+    'ibm866':              'ibm866',
+    'csisolatin2':         'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso-8859-2':          'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso-ir-101':          'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso8859-2':           'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso88592':            'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso_8859-2':          'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso_8859-2:1987':     'iso-8859-2',
+    'l2':                  'iso-8859-2',
+    'latin2':              'iso-8859-2',
+    'csisolatin3':         'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso-8859-3':          'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso-ir-109':          'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso8859-3':           'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso88593':            'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso_8859-3':          'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso_8859-3:1988':     'iso-8859-3',
+    'l3':                  'iso-8859-3',
+    'latin3':              'iso-8859-3',
+    'csisolatin4':         'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso-8859-4':          'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso-ir-110':          'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso8859-4':           'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso88594':            'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso_8859-4':          'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso_8859-4:1988':     'iso-8859-4',
+    'l4':                  'iso-8859-4',
+    'latin4':              'iso-8859-4',
+    'csisolatincyrillic':  'iso-8859-5',
+    'cyrillic':            'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso-8859-5':          'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso-ir-144':          'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso8859-5':           'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso88595':            'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso_8859-5':          'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso_8859-5:1988':     'iso-8859-5',
+    'arabic':              'iso-8859-6',
+    'asmo-708':            'iso-8859-6',
+    'csiso88596e':         'iso-8859-6',
+    'csiso88596i':         'iso-8859-6',
+    'csisolatinarabic':    'iso-8859-6',
+    'ecma-114':            'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-8859-6':          'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-8859-6-e':        'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-8859-6-i':        'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-ir-127':          'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso8859-6':           'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso88596':            'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso_8859-6':          'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso_8859-6:1987':     'iso-8859-6',
+    'csisolatingreek':     'iso-8859-7',
+    'ecma-118':            'iso-8859-7',
+    'elot_928':            'iso-8859-7',
+    'greek':               'iso-8859-7',
+    'greek8':              'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso-8859-7':          'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso-ir-126':          'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso8859-7':           'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso88597':            'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso_8859-7':          'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso_8859-7:1987':     'iso-8859-7',
+    'sun_eu_greek':        'iso-8859-7',
+    'csiso88598e':         'iso-8859-8',
+    'csisolatinhebrew':    'iso-8859-8',
+    'hebrew':              'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso-8859-8':          'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso-8859-8-e':        'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso-ir-138':          'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso8859-8':           'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso88598':            'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso_8859-8':          'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso_8859-8:1988':     'iso-8859-8',
+    'visual':              'iso-8859-8',
+    'csiso88598i':         'iso-8859-8-i',
+    'iso-8859-8-i':        'iso-8859-8-i',
+    'logical':             'iso-8859-8-i',
+    'csisolatin6':         'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso-8859-10':         'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso-ir-157':          'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso8859-10':          'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso885910':           'iso-8859-10',
+    'l6':                  'iso-8859-10',
+    'latin6':              'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso-8859-13':         'iso-8859-13',
+    'iso8859-13':          'iso-8859-13',
+    'iso885913':           'iso-8859-13',
+    'iso-8859-14':         'iso-8859-14',
+    'iso8859-14':          'iso-8859-14',
+    'iso885914':           'iso-8859-14',
+    'csisolatin9':         'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso-8859-15':         'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso8859-15':          'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso885915':           'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso_8859-15':         'iso-8859-15',
+    'l9':                  'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso-8859-16':         'iso-8859-16',
+    'cskoi8r':             'koi8-r',
+    'koi':                 'koi8-r',
+    'koi8':                'koi8-r',
+    'koi8-r':              'koi8-r',
+    'koi8_r':              'koi8-r',
+    'koi8-u':              'koi8-u',
+    'csmacintosh':         'macintosh',
+    'mac':                 'macintosh',
+    'macintosh':           'macintosh',
+    'x-mac-roman':         'macintosh',
+    'dos-874':             'windows-874',
+    'iso-8859-11':         'windows-874',
+    'iso8859-11':          'windows-874',
+    'iso885911':           'windows-874',
+    'tis-620':             'windows-874',
+    'windows-874':         'windows-874',
+    'cp1250':              'windows-1250',
+    'windows-1250':        'windows-1250',
+    'x-cp1250':            'windows-1250',
+    'cp1251':              'windows-1251',
+    'windows-1251':        'windows-1251',
+    'x-cp1251':            'windows-1251',
+    'ansi_x3.4-1968':      'windows-1252',
+    'ascii':               'windows-1252',
+    'cp1252':              'windows-1252',
+    'cp819':               'windows-1252',
+    'csisolatin1':         'windows-1252',
+    'ibm819':              'windows-1252',
+    'iso-8859-1':          'windows-1252',
+    'iso-ir-100':          'windows-1252',
+    'iso8859-1':           'windows-1252',
+    'iso88591':            'windows-1252',
+    'iso_8859-1':          'windows-1252',
+    'iso_8859-1:1987':     'windows-1252',
+    'l1':                  'windows-1252',
+    'latin1':              'windows-1252',
+    'us-ascii':            'windows-1252',
+    'windows-1252':        'windows-1252',
+    'x-cp1252':            'windows-1252',
+    'cp1253':              'windows-1253',
+    'windows-1253':        'windows-1253',
+    'x-cp1253':            'windows-1253',
+    'cp1254':              'windows-1254',
+    'csisolatin5':         'windows-1254',
+    'iso-8859-9':          'windows-1254',
+    'iso-ir-148':          'windows-1254',
+    'iso8859-9':           'windows-1254',
+    'iso88599':            'windows-1254',
+    'iso_8859-9':          'windows-1254',
+    'iso_8859-9:1989':     'windows-1254',
+    'l5':                  'windows-1254',
+    'latin5':              'windows-1254',
+    'windows-1254':        'windows-1254',
+    'x-cp1254':            'windows-1254',
+    'cp1255':              'windows-1255',
+    'windows-1255':        'windows-1255',
+    'x-cp1255':            'windows-1255',
+    'cp1256':              'windows-1256',
+    'windows-1256':        'windows-1256',
+    'x-cp1256':            'windows-1256',
+    'cp1257':              'windows-1257',
+    'windows-1257':        'windows-1257',
+    'x-cp1257':            'windows-1257',
+    'cp1258':              'windows-1258',
+    'windows-1258':        'windows-1258',
+    'x-cp1258':            'windows-1258',
+    'x-mac-cyrillic':      'x-mac-cyrillic',
+    'x-mac-ukrainian':     'x-mac-cyrillic',
+    'chinese':             'gbk',
+    'csgb2312':            'gbk',
+    'csiso58gb231280':     'gbk',
+    'gb2312':              'gbk',
+    'gb_2312':             'gbk',
+    'gb_2312-80':          'gbk',
+    'gbk':                 'gbk',
+    'iso-ir-58':           'gbk',
+    'x-gbk':               'gbk',
+    'gb18030':             'gb18030',
+    'hz-gb-2312':          'hz-gb-2312',
+    'big5':                'big5',
+    'big5-hkscs':          'big5',
+    'cn-big5':             'big5',
+    'csbig5':              'big5',
+    'x-x-big5':            'big5',
+    'cseucpkdfmtjapanese': 'euc-jp',
+    'euc-jp':              'euc-jp',
+    'x-euc-jp':            'euc-jp',
+    'csiso2022jp':         'iso-2022-jp',
+    'iso-2022-jp':         'iso-2022-jp',
+    'csshiftjis':          'shift_jis',
+    'ms_kanji':            'shift_jis',
+    'shift-jis':           'shift_jis',
+    'shift_jis':           'shift_jis',
+    'sjis':                'shift_jis',
+    'windows-31j':         'shift_jis',
+    'x-sjis':              'shift_jis',
+    'cseuckr':             'euc-kr',
+    'csksc56011987':       'euc-kr',
+    'euc-kr':              'euc-kr',
+    'iso-ir-149':          'euc-kr',
+    'korean':              'euc-kr',
+    'ks_c_5601-1987':      'euc-kr',
+    'ks_c_5601-1989':      'euc-kr',
+    'ksc5601':             'euc-kr',
+    'ksc_5601':            'euc-kr',
+    'windows-949':         'euc-kr',
+    'csiso2022kr':         'iso-2022-kr',
+    'iso-2022-kr':         'iso-2022-kr',
+    'utf-16be':            'utf-16be',
+    'utf-16':              'utf-16le',
+    'utf-16le':            'utf-16le',
+    'x-user-defined':      'x-user-defined',
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/mklabels.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/mklabels.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..295dc92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/mklabels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""
+
+    webencodings.mklabels
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Regenarate the webencodings.labels module.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+import json
+try:
+    from urllib import urlopen
+except ImportError:
+    from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+
+def assert_lower(string):
+    assert string == string.lower()
+    return string
+
+
+def generate(url):
+    parts = ['''\
+"""
+
+    webencodings.labels
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Map encoding labels to their name.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+# XXX Do not edit!
+# This file is automatically generated by mklabels.py
+
+LABELS = {
+''']
+    labels = [
+        (repr(assert_lower(label)).lstrip('u'),
+         repr(encoding['name']).lstrip('u'))
+        for category in json.loads(urlopen(url).read().decode('ascii'))
+        for encoding in category['encodings']
+        for label in encoding['labels']]
+    max_len = max(len(label) for label, name in labels)
+    parts.extend(
+        '    %s:%s %s,\n' % (label, ' ' * (max_len - len(label)), name)
+        for label, name in labels)
+    parts.append('}')
+    return ''.join(parts)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print(generate('http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/encodings.json'))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/tests.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e12c10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+
+    webencodings.tests
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A basic test suite for Encoding.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from . import (lookup, LABELS, decode, encode, iter_decode, iter_encode,
+               IncrementalDecoder, IncrementalEncoder, UTF8)
+
+
+def assert_raises(exception, function, *args, **kwargs):
+    try:
+        function(*args, **kwargs)
+    except exception:
+        return
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise AssertionError('Did not raise %s.' % exception)
+
+
+def test_labels():
+    assert lookup('utf-8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('Utf-8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('UTF-8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('utf8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('utf8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('utf8 ').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup(' \r\nutf8\t').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('u8') is None  # Python label.
+    assert lookup('utf-8 ') is None  # Non-ASCII white space.
+
+    assert lookup('US-ASCII').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('iso-8859-1').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('latin1').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('LATIN1').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('latin-1') is None
+    assert lookup('LATİN1') is None  # ASCII-only case insensitivity.
+
+
+def test_all_labels():
+    for label in LABELS:
+        assert decode(b'', label) == ('', lookup(label))
+        assert encode('', label) == b''
+        for repeat in [0, 1, 12]:
+            output, _ = iter_decode([b''] * repeat, label)
+            assert list(output) == []
+            assert list(iter_encode([''] * repeat, label)) == []
+        decoder = IncrementalDecoder(label)
+        assert decoder.decode(b'') == ''
+        assert decoder.decode(b'', final=True) == ''
+        encoder = IncrementalEncoder(label)
+        assert encoder.encode('') == b''
+        assert encoder.encode('', final=True) == b''
+    # All encoding names are valid labels too:
+    for name in set(LABELS.values()):
+        assert lookup(name).name == name
+
+
+def test_invalid_label():
+    assert_raises(LookupError, decode, b'\xEF\xBB\xBF\xc3\xa9', 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, encode, 'é', 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, iter_decode, [], 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, iter_encode, [], 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, IncrementalDecoder, 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, IncrementalEncoder, 'invalid')
+
+
+def test_decode():
+    assert decode(b'\x80', 'latin1') == ('€', lookup('latin1'))
+    assert decode(b'\x80', lookup('latin1')) == ('€', lookup('latin1'))
+    assert decode(b'\xc3\xa9', 'utf8') == ('é', lookup('utf8'))
+    assert decode(b'\xc3\xa9', UTF8) == ('é', lookup('utf8'))
+    assert decode(b'\xc3\xa9', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('ascii'))
+    assert decode(b'\xEF\xBB\xBF\xc3\xa9', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('utf8'))  # UTF-8 with BOM
+
+    assert decode(b'\xFE\xFF\x00\xe9', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('utf-16be'))  # UTF-16-BE with BOM
+    assert decode(b'\xFF\xFE\xe9\x00', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('utf-16le'))  # UTF-16-LE with BOM
+    assert decode(b'\xFE\xFF\xe9\x00', 'ascii') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16be'))
+    assert decode(b'\xFF\xFE\x00\xe9', 'ascii') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16le'))
+
+    assert decode(b'\x00\xe9', 'UTF-16BE') == ('é', lookup('utf-16be'))
+    assert decode(b'\xe9\x00', 'UTF-16LE') == ('é', lookup('utf-16le'))
+    assert decode(b'\xe9\x00', 'UTF-16') == ('é', lookup('utf-16le'))
+
+    assert decode(b'\xe9\x00', 'UTF-16BE') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16be'))
+    assert decode(b'\x00\xe9', 'UTF-16LE') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16le'))
+    assert decode(b'\x00\xe9', 'UTF-16') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16le'))
+
+
+def test_encode():
+    assert encode('é', 'latin1') == b'\xe9'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf8') == b'\xc3\xa9'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf8') == b'\xc3\xa9'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf-16') == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf-16le') == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf-16be') == b'\x00\xe9'
+
+
+def test_iter_decode():
+    def iter_decode_to_string(input, fallback_encoding):
+        output, _encoding = iter_decode(input, fallback_encoding)
+        return ''.join(output)
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([], 'latin1') == ''
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b''], 'latin1') == ''
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xe9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'hello'], 'latin1') == 'hello'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'he', b'llo'], 'latin1') == 'hello'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'hell', b'o'], 'latin1') == 'hello'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xc3\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xEF\xBB\xBF\xc3\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'\xEF\xBB\xBF', b'\xc3', b'\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'\xEF\xBB\xBF', b'a', b'\xc3'], 'latin1') == 'a\uFFFD'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'', b'\xEF', b'', b'', b'\xBB\xBF\xc3', b'\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xEF\xBB\xBF'], 'latin1') == ''
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xEF\xBB'], 'latin1') == 'ï»'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xFE\xFF\x00\xe9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xFF\xFE\xe9\x00'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'', b'\xFF', b'', b'', b'\xFE\xe9', b'\x00'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'', b'h\xe9', b'llo'], 'x-user-defined') == 'h\uF7E9llo'
+
+
+def test_iter_encode():
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode([], 'latin1')) == b''
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode([''], 'latin1')) == b''
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['é'], 'latin1')) == b'\xe9'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'latin1')) == b'\xe9'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'utf-16')) == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'utf-16le')) == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'utf-16be')) == b'\x00\xe9'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode([
+        '', 'h\uF7E9', '', 'llo'], 'x-user-defined')) == b'h\xe9llo'
+
+
+def test_x_user_defined():
+    encoded = b'2,\x0c\x0b\x1aO\xd9#\xcb\x0f\xc9\xbbt\xcf\xa8\xca'
+    decoded = '2,\x0c\x0b\x1aO\uf7d9#\uf7cb\x0f\uf7c9\uf7bbt\uf7cf\uf7a8\uf7ca'
+    encoded = b'aa'
+    decoded = 'aa'
+    assert decode(encoded, 'x-user-defined') == (decoded, lookup('x-user-defined'))
+    assert encode(decoded, 'x-user-defined') == encoded
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/x_user_defined.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/x_user_defined.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16e326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/x_user_defined.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+
+    webencodings.x_user_defined
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    An implementation of the x-user-defined encoding.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+
+
+### Codec APIs
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+
+    def encode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+        return codecs.charmap_encode(input, errors, encoding_table)
+
+    def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+        return codecs.charmap_decode(input, errors, decoding_table)
+
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.IncrementalEncoder):
+    def encode(self, input, final=False):
+        return codecs.charmap_encode(input, self.errors, encoding_table)[0]
+
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.IncrementalDecoder):
+    def decode(self, input, final=False):
+        return codecs.charmap_decode(input, self.errors, decoding_table)[0]
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+### encodings module API
+
+codec_info = codecs.CodecInfo(
+    name='x-user-defined',
+    encode=Codec().encode,
+    decode=Codec().decode,
+    incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+    incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+    streamreader=StreamReader,
+    streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+)
+
+
+### Decoding Table
+
+# Python 3:
+# for c in range(256): print('    %r' % chr(c if c < 128 else c + 0xF700))
+decoding_table = (
+    '\x00'
+    '\x01'
+    '\x02'
+    '\x03'
+    '\x04'
+    '\x05'
+    '\x06'
+    '\x07'
+    '\x08'
+    '\t'
+    '\n'
+    '\x0b'
+    '\x0c'
+    '\r'
+    '\x0e'
+    '\x0f'
+    '\x10'
+    '\x11'
+    '\x12'
+    '\x13'
+    '\x14'
+    '\x15'
+    '\x16'
+    '\x17'
+    '\x18'
+    '\x19'
+    '\x1a'
+    '\x1b'
+    '\x1c'
+    '\x1d'
+    '\x1e'
+    '\x1f'
+    ' '
+    '!'
+    '"'
+    '#'
+    '$'
+    '%'
+    '&'
+    "'"
+    '('
+    ')'
+    '*'
+    '+'
+    ','
+    '-'
+    '.'
+    '/'
+    '0'
+    '1'
+    '2'
+    '3'
+    '4'
+    '5'
+    '6'
+    '7'
+    '8'
+    '9'
+    ':'
+    ';'
+    '<'
+    '='
+    '>'
+    '?'
+    '@'
+    'A'
+    'B'
+    'C'
+    'D'
+    'E'
+    'F'
+    'G'
+    'H'
+    'I'
+    'J'
+    'K'
+    'L'
+    'M'
+    'N'
+    'O'
+    'P'
+    'Q'
+    'R'
+    'S'
+    'T'
+    'U'
+    'V'
+    'W'
+    'X'
+    'Y'
+    'Z'
+    '['
+    '\\'
+    ']'
+    '^'
+    '_'
+    '`'
+    'a'
+    'b'
+    'c'
+    'd'
+    'e'
+    'f'
+    'g'
+    'h'
+    'i'
+    'j'
+    'k'
+    'l'
+    'm'
+    'n'
+    'o'
+    'p'
+    'q'
+    'r'
+    's'
+    't'
+    'u'
+    'v'
+    'w'
+    'x'
+    'y'
+    'z'
+    '{'
+    '|'
+    '}'
+    '~'
+    '\x7f'
+    '\uf780'
+    '\uf781'
+    '\uf782'
+    '\uf783'
+    '\uf784'
+    '\uf785'
+    '\uf786'
+    '\uf787'
+    '\uf788'
+    '\uf789'
+    '\uf78a'
+    '\uf78b'
+    '\uf78c'
+    '\uf78d'
+    '\uf78e'
+    '\uf78f'
+    '\uf790'
+    '\uf791'
+    '\uf792'
+    '\uf793'
+    '\uf794'
+    '\uf795'
+    '\uf796'
+    '\uf797'
+    '\uf798'
+    '\uf799'
+    '\uf79a'
+    '\uf79b'
+    '\uf79c'
+    '\uf79d'
+    '\uf79e'
+    '\uf79f'
+    '\uf7a0'
+    '\uf7a1'
+    '\uf7a2'
+    '\uf7a3'
+    '\uf7a4'
+    '\uf7a5'
+    '\uf7a6'
+    '\uf7a7'
+    '\uf7a8'
+    '\uf7a9'
+    '\uf7aa'
+    '\uf7ab'
+    '\uf7ac'
+    '\uf7ad'
+    '\uf7ae'
+    '\uf7af'
+    '\uf7b0'
+    '\uf7b1'
+    '\uf7b2'
+    '\uf7b3'
+    '\uf7b4'
+    '\uf7b5'
+    '\uf7b6'
+    '\uf7b7'
+    '\uf7b8'
+    '\uf7b9'
+    '\uf7ba'
+    '\uf7bb'
+    '\uf7bc'
+    '\uf7bd'
+    '\uf7be'
+    '\uf7bf'
+    '\uf7c0'
+    '\uf7c1'
+    '\uf7c2'
+    '\uf7c3'
+    '\uf7c4'
+    '\uf7c5'
+    '\uf7c6'
+    '\uf7c7'
+    '\uf7c8'
+    '\uf7c9'
+    '\uf7ca'
+    '\uf7cb'
+    '\uf7cc'
+    '\uf7cd'
+    '\uf7ce'
+    '\uf7cf'
+    '\uf7d0'
+    '\uf7d1'
+    '\uf7d2'
+    '\uf7d3'
+    '\uf7d4'
+    '\uf7d5'
+    '\uf7d6'
+    '\uf7d7'
+    '\uf7d8'
+    '\uf7d9'
+    '\uf7da'
+    '\uf7db'
+    '\uf7dc'
+    '\uf7dd'
+    '\uf7de'
+    '\uf7df'
+    '\uf7e0'
+    '\uf7e1'
+    '\uf7e2'
+    '\uf7e3'
+    '\uf7e4'
+    '\uf7e5'
+    '\uf7e6'
+    '\uf7e7'
+    '\uf7e8'
+    '\uf7e9'
+    '\uf7ea'
+    '\uf7eb'
+    '\uf7ec'
+    '\uf7ed'
+    '\uf7ee'
+    '\uf7ef'
+    '\uf7f0'
+    '\uf7f1'
+    '\uf7f2'
+    '\uf7f3'
+    '\uf7f4'
+    '\uf7f5'
+    '\uf7f6'
+    '\uf7f7'
+    '\uf7f8'
+    '\uf7f9'
+    '\uf7fa'
+    '\uf7fb'
+    '\uf7fc'
+    '\uf7fd'
+    '\uf7fe'
+    '\uf7ff'
+)
+
+### Encoding table
+encoding_table = codecs.charmap_build(decoding_table)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..493b53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pip is a command line program. While it is implemented in Python, and so is
+available for import, you must not use pip's internal APIs in this way. Typing
+information is provided as a convenience only and is not a guarantee. Expect
+unannounced changes to the API and types in releases.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44d82dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,1294 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: pydantic
+Version: 2.13.4
+Summary: Data validation using Python type hints
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://docs.pydantic.dev
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/changelog/
+Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Eric Jolibois <em.jolibois@gmail.com>, Hasan Ramezani <hasan.r67@gmail.com>, Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, Terrence Dorsey <terry@pydantic.dev>, David Montague <david@pydantic.dev>, Serge Matveenko <lig@countzero.co>, Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>, Sydney Runkle <sydneymarierunkle@gmail.com>, David Hewitt <mail@davidhewitt.dev>, Alex Hall <alex.mojaki@gmail.com>, Victorien Plot <contact@vctrn.dev>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Framework :: Hypothesis
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Requires-Dist: annotated-types>=0.6.0
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-core==2.46.4
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.14.1
+Requires-Dist: typing-inspection>=0.4.2
+Provides-Extra: email
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == 'email'
+Provides-Extra: timezone
+Requires-Dist: tzdata; (python_version >= '3.9' and platform_system == 'Windows') and extra == 'timezone'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Pydantic Validation
+
+[![CI](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pydantic/pydantic/ci.yml?branch=main&logo=github&label=CI)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
+[![Coverage](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/pydantic/pydantic.svg)](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/pydantic/pydantic)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pydantic.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pydantic)
+[![CondaForge](https://img.shields.io/conda/v/conda-forge/pydantic.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/pydantic)
+[![downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/badge/pydantic/month)](https://pepy.tech/project/pydantic)
+[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pydantic.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/pydantic/pydantic.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![Pydantic v2](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pydantic/pydantic/main/docs/badge/v2.json)](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/contributing/#badges)
+[![llms.txt](https://img.shields.io/badge/llms.txt-green)](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/llms.txt)
+
+Data validation using Python type hints.
+
+Fast and extensible, Pydantic plays nicely with your linters/IDE/brain.
+Define how data should be in pure, canonical Python 3.9+; validate it with Pydantic.
+
+## Pydantic Logfire :fire:
+
+We've launched Pydantic Logfire to help you monitor your applications.
+[Learn more](https://pydantic.dev/logfire/?utm_source=pydantic_validation)
+
+## Pydantic V1.10 vs. V2
+
+Pydantic V2 is a ground-up rewrite that offers many new features, performance improvements, and some breaking changes compared to Pydantic V1.
+
+If you're using Pydantic V1 you may want to look at the
+[pydantic V1.10 Documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) or,
+[`1.10.X-fixes` git branch](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/tree/1.10.X-fixes). Pydantic V2 also ships with the latest version of Pydantic V1 built in so that you can incrementally upgrade your code base and projects: `from pydantic import v1 as pydantic_v1`.
+
+## Help
+
+See [documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) for more details.
+
+## Installation
+
+Install using `pip install -U pydantic` or `conda install pydantic -c conda-forge`.
+For more installation options to make Pydantic even faster,
+see the [Install](https://docs.pydantic.dev/install/) section in the documentation.
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    name: str = 'John Doe'
+    signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None
+    friends: list[int] = []
+
+external_data = {'id': '123', 'signup_ts': '2017-06-01 12:22', 'friends': [1, '2', b'3']}
+user = User(**external_data)
+print(user)
+#> User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3]
+print(user.id)
+#> 123
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+For guidance on setting up a development environment and how to make a
+contribution to Pydantic, see
+[Contributing to Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/contributing/).
+
+## Reporting a Security Vulnerability
+
+See our [security policy](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/security/policy).
+
+## Changelog
+
+<!-- markdownlint-disable no-bare-urls -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable descriptive-link-text -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line first-line-heading -->
+
+## v2.13.4 (2026-05-06)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.4)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump libc from 0.2.155 to 0.2.185 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13109](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13109)
+* Adapt `pydantic-core` linker flags on macOS by [@washingtoneg](https://github.com/washingtoneg) and [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13147](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13147)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Preserve `RootModel` core metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13129](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13129)
+
+## v2.13.3 (2026-04-20)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Handle `AttributeError` subclasses with `from_attributes` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13096](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13096)
+
+## v2.13.2 (2026-04-17)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `ValidationInfo.field_name` missing with `model_validate_json()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13084](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13084)
+
+## v2.13.1 (2026-04-15)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `ValidationInfo.data` missing with `model_validate_json()` by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#13079](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13079)
+
+## v2.13.0 (2026-04-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0)
+
+The highlights of the v2.13 release are available in the [blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-13-release).
+Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our [versioning policy](https://pydantic.dev/docs/validation/2.13/get-started/version-policy/#pydantic-v2))
+are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.
+
+This release contains the updated `pydantic.v1` namespace, matching version 1.10.26 which includes support for Python 3.14.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+See the beta releases for all changes sinces 2.12.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Allow default factories of private attributes to take validated model data by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13013](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13013)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Warn when serializing fixed length tuples with too few items by [@arvindsaripalli](https://github.com/arvindsaripalli) in [#13016](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13016)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Change type of `Any` when synthesizing `_build_sources` for  `BaseSettings.__init__()` signature in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13049](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13049)
+* Fix model equality when using runtime `extra` configuration by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13062](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13062)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Add zizmor for GitHub Actions workflow linting by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13039](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13039)
+* Update jiter to v0.14.0 to fix a segmentation fault on musl Linux by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13064](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13064)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@arvindsaripalli](https://github.com/arvindsaripalli) made their first contribution in [#13016](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13016)
+
+## v2.13.0b3 (2026-03-31)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0b3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `ascii_only` option to `StringConstraints` by [@ai-man-codes](https://github.com/ai-man-codes) in [#12907](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12907)
+* Support `exclude_if` in computed fields by [@andresliszt](https://github.com/andresliszt) in [#12748](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12748)
+* Push down constraints in unions involving `MISSING` sentinel by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12908](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12908)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Track extra fields set after init in `model_fields_set` by [@navalprakhar](https://github.com/navalprakhar) in [#12817](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12817)
+* Do not include annotations that are not part of named tuple fields by [@galuszkak](https://github.com/galuszkak) in [#12951](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12951)
+* No longer fall back to trying all union members when the variant selected by discriminator fails to serialize by [@navalprakhar](https://github.com/navalprakhar) in [#12825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12825)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Support discriminator metadata outside union type alias by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12785](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12785)
+* Respect `extras_schema` when only `extra_fields_behavior` is set on the config in JSON Schema generation for typed dictionaries by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12810](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12810)
+* Ensure `__pydantic_private__` is set in `model_construct()` with user-defined `model_post_init()` by [@nightcityblade](https://github.com/nightcityblade) in [#12816](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12816)
+* Handle all schema generation errors in `InstanceOf` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12705](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12705)
+* Allow dynamic models created with `create_model()` to be used as annotations in the Mypy plugin by [@Br1an67](https://github.com/Br1an67) in [#12879](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12879)
+* Check for `PlaceholderNode` in Mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12929](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12929)
+* Try other branches in smart union in case of omit errors by [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) in [#12758](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12758)
+* Patch unset attributes with `MISSING` during model serialization with `exclude_unset` by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12905](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12905)
+* Ensure custom `__init__()` is called when using `model_validate_strings()` by [@siewcapital](https://github.com/siewcapital) in [#12897](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12897)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Add riscv64 build target for manylinux by [@boosterl](https://github.com/boosterl) in [#12723](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12723)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@kelsonbrito50](https://github.com/kelsonbrito50) made their first contribution in [#12860](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12860)
+* [@boosterl](https://github.com/boosterl) made their first contribution in [#12723](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12723)
+* [@adityagiri3600](https://github.com/adityagiri3600) made their first contribution in [#12868](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12868)
+* [@navalprakhar](https://github.com/navalprakhar) made their first contribution in [#12817](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12817)
+* [@Br1an67](https://github.com/Br1an67) made their first contribution in [#12879](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12879)
+* [@rmorshea](https://github.com/rmorshea) made their first contribution in [#12910](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12910)
+* [@N3XT3R1337](https://github.com/N3XT3R1337) made their first contribution in [#12922](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12922)
+* [@ai-man-codes](https://github.com/ai-man-codes) made their first contribution in [#12907](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12907)
+* [@Yume05-dev](https://github.com/Yume05-dev) made their first contribution in [#12953](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12953)
+* [@galuszkak](https://github.com/galuszkak) made their first contribution in [#12951](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12951)
+* [@siewcapital](https://github.com/siewcapital) made their first contribution in [#12897](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12897)
+
+## v2.13.0b2 (2026-02-24)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0b2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix backported V1 namespace by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12855](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12855)
+* Allow any type form to be used in `validate_as()` by [@bledden](https://github.com/bledden) in [#12846](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12846)
+* Fix walrus operator precedence in `UrlConstraints.__get_pydantic_core_schema__()` by [@bysiber](https://github.com/bysiber) in [#12826](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12826)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@bledden](https://github.com/bledden) made their first contribution in [#12846](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12846)
+* [@bysiber](https://github.com/bysiber) made their first contribution in [#12827](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12827)
+
+## v2.13.0b1 (2026-02-23)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0b1)
+
+This is the first beta release of the 2.13 version, mainly providing bug fixes and performance improvements
+for validation and serialization.
+
+Notable changes include:
+
+* Add a new `polymorphic_serialization` option, solving issues with `serialize_as_any` introduced in 2.12.
+* Latest V1.10.26 release under the `pydantic.v1` namespace. This version includes support for Python 3.14.
+* The [`pydantic-core`](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/) repository was merged inside the main `pydantic` one.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `polymorphic_serialization` option by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12518](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12518)
+* Support Root models with `Literal` root types as discriminator field types by [@YassinNouh21](https://github.com/YassinNouh21) in [#12680](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12680)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Migrate `pydantic-core` CI by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12752](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12752)
+* Import `pydantic-core` into pydantic by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12481](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12481)
+* Backport V1 changes up to v1.10.26 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12663](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12663)
+* Use the `complex()` constructor unconditionally when validating `complex` Python data by [@tanmaymunjal](https://github.com/tanmaymunjal) in [#12498](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12498)
+* Add support for three-tuple input for `Decimal` by [@tanmaymunjal](https://github.com/tanmaymunjal) in [#12500](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12500)
+* Align `@field_serializer` logic with `@field_validator` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12577](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12577)
+* Make `PydanticUserError` a `RuntimeError` instead of a `TypeError` by [@poliakovva](https://github.com/poliakovva) in [#12579](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12579)
+* Remove redundant serialization attempts in nested unions by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12604](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12604)
+* Copy `root` value when making root model shallow copies by [@YassinNouh21](https://github.com/YassinNouh21) in [#12679](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12679)
+* Ensure deterministic JSON schema defaults by sorting sets by [@drshvik](https://github.com/drshvik) in [#12760](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12760)
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Refactor `DecoratorInfos.build()` implementation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12536](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12536)
+* Cache compiled regex in `pydantic-core` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12549](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12549)
+* Optimize creation of `Literal` validators by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12569](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12569)
+* Optimize implementation of `LookupKey` by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12571](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12571)
+* Use python strings for field names by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12631](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12631)
+* Optimize datetime formatting code by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12626](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12626)
+* Validate JSON model data by iteration by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12550](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12550)
+* Optimize annotations evaluation of Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12681](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12681)
+* Optimize `FieldInfo._copy()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12727)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `FieldInfo` rebuilding when parameterizing generic models with an `Annotated` type by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12463](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12463)
+* Fix nested model schema deduplication in JSON schema generation by [@marwan-alloreview](https://github.com/marwan-alloreview) in [#12494](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12494)
+* Fix `InitVar` being ignored when using with the `pydantic.Field()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12495](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12495)
+* Fix support for enums with `NamedTuple` as values by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12506](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12506)
+* Do not delete mock validator/serializer in `rebuild_dataclass()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12513](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12513)
+* Require test suite to pass with free threading, switch back to global generic types cache by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12537](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12537)
+* Refactor `__pydantic_extra__` annotation handling by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12563](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12563)
+* Do not add claim of UUID "safety" provision by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12567](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12567)
+* Use Python hash to perform lookup in tagged union serializer by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12594](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12594)
+* Do not emit serialization warning `MISSING` sentinel is present in a nested model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12635](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12635)
+* Do not eagerly evaluate annotations in signature logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12660](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12660)
+* Fix serialization of typed dict unions when `exclude_none` is set by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12677](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12677)
+* Do not reuse prebuilt serializers/validators on rebuilds by [@lmmx](https://github.com/lmmx) in [#12689](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12689)
+* Fix type annotation of `field_definitions` in `create_model()` by [@lehmann-hqs](https://github.com/lehmann-hqs) in [#12734](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12734)
+* Fix incorrect dataclass constructor signature when overriding class `kw_only` with `Field()` by [@jfadia](https://github.com/jfadia) in [#12741](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12741)
+* Use `typing.Union` when replacing types under Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12733](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12733)
+* Improve ImportString error when internal imports fail by [@tsembp](https://github.com/tsembp) in [#12740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12740)
+* Fix serializing complex numbers with negative zero imaginary part by [@lhnwrk](https://github.com/lhnwrk) in [#12770](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12770)
+* Preserve custom docstrings on stdlib dataclasses in JSON schema by [@nightcityblade](https://github.com/nightcityblade) in [#12815](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12815)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump Rust url dependency from 2.5.4 to 2.5.7 in `pydantic-core` by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot)[bot] in [#12508](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12508)
+* Bump Rust minimum version to 1.88, use edition 2024 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) and [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12551](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12551) and [#12752](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12752)
+* Bump PyO3 to 0.28, jiter to 0.13 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12767](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12767)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@marwan-alloreview](https://github.com/marwan-alloreview) made their first contribution in [#12494](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12494)
+* [@tanmaymunjal](https://github.com/tanmaymunjal) made their first contribution in [#12498](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12498)
+* [@poliakovva](https://github.com/poliakovva) made their first contribution in [#12579](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12579)
+* [@lehmann-hqs](https://github.com/lehmann-hqs) made their first contribution in [#12734](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12734)
+* [@jfadia](https://github.com/jfadia) made their first contribution in [#12741](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12741)
+* [@tsembp](https://github.com/tsembp) made their first contribution in [#12740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12740)
+* [@drshvik](https://github.com/drshvik) made their first contribution in [#12760](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12760)
+* [@lhnwrk](https://github.com/lhnwrk) made their first contribution in [#12770](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12770)
+* [@nightcityblade](https://github.com/nightcityblade) made their first contribution in [#12815](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12811)
+
+## v2.12.5 (2025-11-26)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.5)
+
+This is the fifth 2.12 patch release, addressing an issue with the `MISSING` sentinel and providing several documentation improvements.
+
+The next 2.13 minor release will be published in a couple weeks, and will include a new *polymorphic serialization* feature addressing
+the remaining unexpected changes to the *serialize as any* behavior.
+
+* Fix pickle error when using `model_construct()` on a model with `MISSING` as a default value by [@ornariece](https://github.com/ornariece) in [#12522](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12522).
+* Several updates to the documentation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos).
+
+## v2.12.4 (2025-11-05)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.4)
+
+This is the fourth 2.12 patch release, fixing more regressions, and reverting a change in the `build()` method
+of the [`AnyUrl` and Dsn types](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/).
+
+This patch release also fixes an issue with the serialization of IP address types, when `serialize_as_any` is used. The next patch release
+will try to address the remaining issues with *serialize as any* behavior by introducing a new *polymorphic serialization* feature, that
+should be used in most cases in place of *serialize as any*.
+
+* Fix issue with forward references in parent `TypedDict` classes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12427](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12427).
+
+    This issue is only relevant on Python 3.14 and greater.
+
+* Exclude fields with `exclude_if` from JSON Schema required fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12430](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12430)
+* Revert URL percent-encoding of credentials in the `build()` method
+  of the [`AnyUrl` and Dsn types](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/) by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in
+  [pydantic-core#1833](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1833).
+
+    This was initially considered as a bugfix, but caused regressions and as such was fully reverted. The next release will include
+    an opt-in option to percent-encode components of the URL.
+
+* Add type inference for IP address types by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1868](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1868).
+
+    The 2.12 changes to the `serialize_as_any` behavior made it so that IP address types could not properly serialize to JSON.
+
+* Avoid getting default values from defaultdict by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1853](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1853).
+
+    This fixes a subtle regression in the validation behavior of the [`collections.defaultdict`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict)
+    type.
+
+* Fix issue with field serializers on nested typed dictionaries by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1879](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1879).
+* Add more `pydantic-core` builds for the three-threaded version of Python 3.14 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1864](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1864).
+
+## v2.12.3 (2025-10-17)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+This is the third 2.12 patch release, fixing issues related to the `FieldInfo` class, and reverting a change to the supported
+[*after* model validator](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#model-validators) function signatures.
+
+* Raise a warning when an invalid after model validator function signature is raised by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12414](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12414).
+  Starting in 2.12.0, using class methods for *after* model validators raised an error, but the error wasn't raised concistently. We decided
+  to emit a deprecation warning instead.
+* Add [`FieldInfo.asdict()`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/fields/#pydantic.fields.FieldInfo.asdict) method, improve documentation around `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12411](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12411).
+  This also add back support for mutations on `FieldInfo` classes, that are reused as `Annotated` metadata. **However**, note that this is still
+  *not* a supported pattern. Instead, please refer to the [added example](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/examples/dynamic_models/) in the documentation.
+
+The [blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-12-release#changes) section on changes was also updated to document the changes related to `serialize_as_any`.
+
+## v2.12.2 (2025-10-14)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Release a new `pydantic-core` version, as a corrupted CPython 3.10 `manylinux2014_aarch64` wheel got uploaded ([pydantic-core#1843](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1843)).
+* Fix issue with recursive generic models with a parent model class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12398](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12398)
+
+## v2.12.1 (2025-10-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+This is the first 2.12 patch release, addressing most (but not all yet) regressions from the initial 2.12.0 release.
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Do not evaluate annotations when inspecting validators and serializers by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12355](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12355)
+* Make sure `None` is converted as `NoneType` in Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12370](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12370)
+* Backport V1 runtime warning when using Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12367](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12367)
+* Fix error message for invalid validator signatures by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12366](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12366)
+* Populate field name in `ValidationInfo` for validation of default value by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [pydantic-core#1826](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1826)
+* Encode credentials in `MultiHostUrl` builder by [@willswire](https://github.com/willswire) in [pydantic-core#1829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1829)
+* Respect field serializers when using `serialize_as_any` serialization flag by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1829)
+* Fix various `RootModel` serialization issues by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1836](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1836)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@willswire](https://github.com/willswire) made their first contribution in [pydantic-core#1829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1829)
+
+## v2.12.0 (2025-10-07)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.0)
+
+This is the final 2.12 release. It features the work of 20 external contributors and provides useful new features, along with initial Python 3.14 support.
+Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our [versioning policy](https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.12/version-policy/#pydantic-v2))
+are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.
+
+**Note that Pydantic V1 is not compatible with Python 3.14 and greater**.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+See the beta releases for all changes sinces 2.11.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `extra` parameter to the validate functions by [@anvilpete](https://github.com/anvilpete) in [#12233](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12233)
+* Add `exclude_computed_fields` serialization option by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12334](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12334)
+* Add `preverse_empty_path` URL options by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12336](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12336)
+* Add `union_format` parameter to JSON Schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12147](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12147)
+* Add `__qualname__` parameter for `create_model` by [@Atry](https://github.com/Atry) in [#12001](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12001)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Do not try to infer name from lambda definitions in pipelines API by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12289](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12289)
+* Use proper namespace for functions in `TypeAdapter` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12324)
+* Use `Any` for context type annotation in `TypeAdapter` by [@inducer](https://github.com/inducer) in [#12279](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12279)
+* Expose `FieldInfo` in `pydantic.fields.__all__` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12339](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12339)
+* Respect `validation_alias` in `@validate_call` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12340](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12340)
+* Use `Any` as context annotation in plugin API by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12341](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12341)
+* Use proper `stacklevel` in warnings when possible by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12342](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12342)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Update V1 copy to v1.10.24 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12338](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12338)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@anvilpete](https://github.com/anvilpete) made their first contribution in [#12233](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12233)
+* [@JonathanWindell](https://github.com/JonathanWindell) made their first contribution in [#12327](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12327)
+* [@inducer](https://github.com/inducer) made their first contribution in [#12279](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12279)
+* [@Atry](https://github.com/Atry) made their first contribution in [#12001](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12001)
+
+## v2.12.0b1 (2025-10-03)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.0b1)
+
+This is the first beta release of the upcoming 2.12 release.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add support for `exclude_if` at the field level by [@andresliszt](https://github.com/andresliszt) in [#12141](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12141)
+* Add `ValidateAs` annotation helper by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11942](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11942)
+* Add configuration options for validation and JSON serialization of temporal types by [@ollz272](https://github.com/ollz272) in [#12068](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12068)
+* Add support for PEP 728 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12179](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12179)
+* Add field name in serialization error by [@NicolasPllr1](https://github.com/NicolasPllr1) in [pydantic-core#1799](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1799)
+* Add option to preserve empty URL paths by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1789)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Raise error if an incompatible `pydantic-core` version is installed by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12196](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12196)
+* Remove runtime warning for experimental features by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12265](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12265)
+* Warn if registering virtual subclasses on Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11669](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11669)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `__getattr__()` behavior on Pydantic models when a property raised an `AttributeError` and extra values are present by [@raspuchin](https://github.com/raspuchin) in [#12106](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12106)
+* Add test to prevent regression with Pydantic models used as annotated metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12133](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12133)
+* Allow to use property setters on Pydantic dataclasses with `validate_assignment` set by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12173](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12173)
+* Fix mypy v2 plugin for upcoming mypy release by [@cdce8p](https://github.com/cdce8p) in [#12209](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12209)
+* Respect custom title in functions JSON Schema by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11892](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11892)
+* Fix `ImportString` JSON serialization for objects with a `name` attribute by [@chr1sj0nes](https://github.com/chr1sj0nes) in [#12219](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12219)
+* Do not error on fields overridden by methods in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12290](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12290)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.40.1 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12314](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12314)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@raspuchin](https://github.com/raspuchin) made their first contribution in [#12106](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12106)
+* [@chr1sj0nes](https://github.com/chr1sj0nes) made their first contribution in [#12219](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12219)
+
+## v2.12.0a1 (2025-07-26)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.0a1)
+
+This is the first alpha release of the upcoming 2.12 release, which adds initial support for Python 3.14.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `__pydantic_on_complete__()` hook that is called once model is fully ready to be used by [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) in [#11762](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11762)
+* Add initial support for Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11991](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11991)
+* Add regex patterns to JSON schema for `Decimal` type by [@Dima-Bulavenko](https://github.com/Dima-Bulavenko) in [#11987](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11987)
+* Add support for `doc` attribute on dataclass fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12077)
+* Add experimental `MISSING` sentinel by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11883](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11883)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Allow config and bases to be specified together in `create_model()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11714](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11714)
+* Move some field logic out of the `GenerateSchema` class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11733](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11733)
+* Always make use of `inspect.getsourcelines()` for docstring extraction on Python 3.13 and greater by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11829)
+* Only support the latest Mypy version by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11832](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11832)
+* Do not implicitly convert after model validators to class methods by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11957](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11957)
+* Refactor `FieldInfo` creation implementation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11898](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11898)
+* Make `Secret` covariant by [@bluenote10](https://github.com/bluenote10) in [#12008](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12008)
+* Emit warning when field-specific metadata is used in invalid contexts by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12028](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12028)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Properly fetch plain serializer function when serializing default value in JSON Schema by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11721](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11721)
+* Remove generics cache workaround by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11755](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11755)
+* Remove coercion of decimal constraints by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11772](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11772)
+* Fix crash when expanding root type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11735](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11735)
+* Only mark model as complete once all fields are complete by [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) in [#11759](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11759)
+* Do not provide `field_name` in validator core schemas by [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) in [#11761](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11761)
+* Fix issue with recursive generic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11775](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11775)
+* Fix qualified name comparison of private attributes during namespace inspection by [@karta9821](https://github.com/karta9821) in [#11803](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11803)
+* Make sure Pydantic dataclasses with slots and `validate_assignment` can be unpickled by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11769](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11769)
+* Traverse `function-before` schemas during schema gathering by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11801](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11801)
+* Fix check for stdlib dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11822](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11822)
+* Check if `FieldInfo` is complete after applying type variable map by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11855](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11855)
+* Do not delete mock validator/serializer in `model_rebuild()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11890](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11890)
+* Rebuild dataclass fields before schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11949](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11949)
+* Always store the original field assignment on `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11946](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11946)
+* Do not use deprecated methods as default field values by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11914](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11914)
+* Allow callable discriminator to be applied on PEP 695 type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11941](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11941)
+* Suppress core schema generation warning when using `SkipValidation` by [@ygsh0816](https://github.com/ygsh0816) in [#12002](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12002)
+* Do not emit typechecking error for invalid `Field()` default with `validate_default` set to `True` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11988](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11988)
+* Refactor logic to support Pydantic's `Field()` function in dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12051](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12051)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Update project metadata to use PEP 639 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11694](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11694)
+* Bump `mkdocs-llmstxt` to v0.2.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11725)
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.35.1 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11963](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11963)
+* Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 10 to 11 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot)[bot] in [#12033](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12033)
+* Bump astral-sh/setup-uv from 5 to 6 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot)[bot] in [#11826](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11826)
+* Update mypy to 1.17.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12076](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12076)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@parth-paradkar](https://github.com/parth-paradkar) made their first contribution in [#11695](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11695)
+* [@dqkqd](https://github.com/dqkqd) made their first contribution in [#11739](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11739)
+* [@fhightower](https://github.com/fhightower) made their first contribution in [#11722](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11722)
+* [@gbaian10](https://github.com/gbaian10) made their first contribution in [#11766](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11766)
+* [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) made their first contribution in [#11759](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11759)
+* [@bowenliang123](https://github.com/bowenliang123) made their first contribution in [#11719](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11719)
+* [@rawwar](https://github.com/rawwar) made their first contribution in [#11799](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11799)
+* [@karta9821](https://github.com/karta9821) made their first contribution in [#11803](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11803)
+* [@jinnovation](https://github.com/jinnovation) made their first contribution in [#11834](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11834)
+* [@zmievsa](https://github.com/zmievsa) made their first contribution in [#11861](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11861)
+* [@Otto-AA](https://github.com/Otto-AA) made their first contribution in [#11860](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11860)
+* [@ygsh0816](https://github.com/ygsh0816) made their first contribution in [#12002](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12002)
+* [@lukland](https://github.com/lukland) made their first contribution in [#12015](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12015)
+* [@Dima-Bulavenko](https://github.com/Dima-Bulavenko) made their first contribution in [#11987](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11987)
+* [@GSemikozov](https://github.com/GSemikozov) made their first contribution in [#12050](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12050)
+* [@hannah-heywa](https://github.com/hannah-heywa) made their first contribution in [#12082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12082)
+
+## v2.11.10 (2025-10-04)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.10)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Backport v1.10.24 changes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos)
+
+## v2.11.9 (2025-09-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.9)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Backport v1.10.23 changes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos)
+
+## v2.11.8 (2025-09-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.8)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix mypy plugin for mypy 1.18 by [@cdce8p](https://github.com/cdce8p) in [#12209](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12209)
+
+## v2.11.7 (2025-06-14)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.7)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Copy `FieldInfo` instance if necessary during `FieldInfo` build by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11898](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11898)
+
+## v2.11.6 (2025-06-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.6)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Rebuild dataclass fields before schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11949](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11949)
+* Always store the original field assignment on `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11946](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11946)
+
+## v2.11.5 (2025-05-22)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.5)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Check if `FieldInfo` is complete after applying type variable map by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11855](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11855)
+* Do not delete mock validator/serializer in `model_rebuild()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11890](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11890)
+* Do not duplicate metadata on model rebuild by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11902](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11902)
+
+## v2.11.4 (2025-04-29)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.4)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Allow config and bases to be specified together in `create_model()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11714](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11714).
+  This change was backported as it was previously possible (although not meant to be supported)
+  to provide `model_config` as a field, which would make it possible to provide both configuration
+  and bases.
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Remove generics cache workaround by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11755](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11755)
+* Remove coercion of decimal constraints by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11772](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11772)
+* Fix crash when expanding root type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11735](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11735)
+* Fix issue with recursive generic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11775](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11775)
+* Traverse `function-before` schemas during schema gathering by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11801](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11801)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `mkdocs-llmstxt` to v0.2.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11725)
+
+## v2.11.3 (2025-04-08)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Preserve field description when rebuilding model fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11698](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11698)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Update V1 copy to v1.10.21 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11706](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11706)
+
+## v2.11.2 (2025-04-03)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.33.1 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11678](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11678)
+* Make sure `__pydantic_private__` exists before setting private attributes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11666](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11666)
+* Do not override `FieldInfo._complete` when using field from parent class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11668](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11668)
+* Provide the available definitions when applying discriminated unions by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11670](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11670)
+* Do not expand root type in the mypy plugin for variables by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11676](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11676)
+* Mention the attribute name in model fields deprecation message by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11674](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11674)
+* Properly validate parameterized mappings by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11658](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11658)
+
+## v2.11.1 (2025-03-28)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Do not override `'definitions-ref'` schemas containing serialization schemas or metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11644](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11644)
+
+## v2.11.0 (2025-03-27)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general).
+See the [blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-11-release) for more details.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `encoded_string()` method to the URL types by [@YassinNouh21](https://github.com/YassinNouh21) in [#11580](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11580)
+* Add support for `defer_build` with `@validate_call` decorator by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11584](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11584)
+* Allow `@with_config` decorator to be used with keyword arguments by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11608](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11608)
+* Simplify customization of default value inclusion in JSON Schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11634](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11634)
+* Add `generate_arguments_schema()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11572](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11572)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Allow generic typed dictionaries to be used for unpacked variadic keyword parameters by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11571](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11571)
+* Fix runtime error when computing model string representation involving cached properties and self-referenced models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11579](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11579)
+* Preserve other steps when using the ellipsis in the pipeline API by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11626](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11626)
+* Fix deferred discriminator application logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11591](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11591)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.33.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11631](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11631)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@cmenon12](https://github.com/cmenon12) made their first contribution in [#11562](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11562)
+* [@Jeukoh](https://github.com/Jeukoh) made their first contribution in [#11611](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11611)
+
+## v2.11.0b2 (2025-03-17)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0b2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add experimental support for free threading by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11516](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11516)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `NotRequired` qualifier not taken into account in stringified annotation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11559](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11559)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.32.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11567](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11567)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@joren485](https://github.com/joren485) made their first contribution in [#11547](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11547)
+
+## v2.11.0b1 (2025-03-06)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0b1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Support unsubstituted type variables with both a default and a bound or constraints by [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789
+* Add a `default_factory_takes_validated_data` property to `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11034
+* Raise a better error when a generic alias is used inside `type[]` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11088
+* Properly support PEP 695 generics syntax by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11189
+* Properly support type variable defaults by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11332
+* Add support for validating v6, v7, v8 UUIDs by [@astei](https://github.com/astei) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11436
+* Improve alias configuration APIs by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11468
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Rework `create_model` field definitions format by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11032
+* Raise a deprecation warning when a field is annotated as final with a default value by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11168
+* Deprecate accessing `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` on instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11169
+* **Breaking Change:** Move core schema generation logic for path types inside the `GenerateSchema` class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10846
+* Remove Python 3.8 Support by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11258
+* Optimize calls to `get_type_ref` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10863
+* Disable `pydantic-core` core schema validation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11271
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Only evaluate `FieldInfo` annotations if required during schema building by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10769
+* Improve `__setattr__` performance of Pydantic models by caching setter functions by [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10868
+* Improve annotation application performance by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11186
+* Improve performance of `_typing_extra` module by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11255
+* Refactor and optimize schema cleaning logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11244
+* Create a single dictionary when creating a `CoreConfig` instance by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11384
+* Bump `pydantic-core` and thus use `SchemaValidator` and `SchemaSerializer` caching by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402
+* Reuse cached core schemas for parametrized generic Pydantic models by [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11434
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872
+* Use the correct frame when instantiating a parametrized `TypeAdapter` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10893
+* Infer final fields with a default value as class variables in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11121
+* Recursively unpack `Literal` values if using PEP 695 type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11114
+* Override `__subclasscheck__` on `ModelMetaclass` to avoid memory leak and performance issues by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11116
+* Remove unused `_extract_get_pydantic_json_schema()` parameter by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11155
+* Improve discriminated union error message for invalid union variants by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11161
+* Unpack PEP 695 type aliases if using the `Annotated` form by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11109
+* Add missing stacklevel in `deprecated_instance_property` warning by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11200
+* Copy `WithJsonSchema` schema to avoid sharing mutated data by [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014
+* Do not cache parametrized models when in the process of parametrizing another model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10704
+* Add discriminated union related metadata entries to the `CoreMetadata` definition by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11216
+* Consolidate schema definitions logic in the `_Definitions` class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11208
+* Support initializing root model fields with values of the `root` type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11212
+* Fix various issues with dataclasses and `use_attribute_docstrings` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11246
+* Only compute normalized decimal places if necessary in `decimal_places_validator` by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11281
+* Add support for `validation_alias` in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11295
+* Fix JSON Schema reference collection with `"examples"` keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11305
+* Do not transform model serializer functions as class methods in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11298
+* Simplify `GenerateJsonSchema.literal_schema()` implementation by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11321
+* Add additional allowed schemes for `ClickHouseDsn` by [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319
+* Coerce decimal constraints to `Decimal` instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11350
+* Use the correct JSON Schema mode when handling function schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11367
+* Improve exception message when encountering recursion errors during type evaluation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11356
+* Always include `additionalProperties: True` for arbitrary dictionary schemas by [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392
+* Expose `fallback` parameter in serialization methods by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11398
+* Fix path serialization behavior by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11416
+* Do not reuse validators and serializers during model rebuild by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11429
+* Collect model fields when rebuilding a model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11388
+* Allow cached properties to be altered on frozen models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11432
+* Fix tuple serialization for `Sequence` types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11435
+* Fix: do not check for `__get_validators__` on classes where `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` is also defined by [@tlambert03](https://github.com/tlambert03) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11444
+* Allow callable instances to be used as serializers by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11451
+* Improve error thrown when overriding field with a property by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11459
+* Fix JSON Schema generation with referenceable core schemas holding JSON metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11475
+* Support strict specification on union member types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11481
+* Implicitly set `validate_by_name` to `True` when `validate_by_alias` is `False` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11503
+* Change type of `Any` when synthesizing `BaseSettings.__init__` signature in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11497
+* Support type variable defaults referencing other type variables by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11520
+* Fix `ValueError` on year zero by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1583
+* `dataclass` `InitVar` shouldn't be required on serialization by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1602
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Add a `check_pydantic_core_version()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11324
+* Remove `greenlet` development dependency by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11351
+* Use the `typing-inspection` library by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11479
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to `v2.31.1` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11526
+
+## New Contributors
+
+* [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789
+* [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948
+* [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077
+* [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082
+* [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111
+* [@mdaffad](https://github.com/mdaffad) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11177
+* [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014
+* [@thomasfrimannkoren](https://github.com/thomasfrimannkoren) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11251
+* [@usernameMAI](https://github.com/usernameMAI) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11275
+* [@ananiavito](https://github.com/ananiavito) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11302
+* [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11311
+* [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319
+* [@kauabh](https://github.com/kauabh) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11369
+* [@jaceklaskowski](https://github.com/jaceklaskowski) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11353
+* [@tmpbeing](https://github.com/tmpbeing) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11375
+* [@petyosi](https://github.com/petyosi) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11405
+* [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392
+* [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402
+* [@astei](https://github.com/astei) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11436
+* [@dsayling](https://github.com/dsayling) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11522
+* [@sobolevn](https://github.com/sobolevn) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1645
+
+## v2.11.0a2 (2025-02-10)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0a2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general).
+This is another early alpha release, meant to collect early feedback from users having issues with core schema builds.
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Create a single dictionary when creating a `CoreConfig` instance by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11384](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11384)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Use the correct JSON Schema mode when handling function schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11367](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11367)
+* Fix JSON Schema reference logic with `examples` keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11366](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11366)
+* Improve exception message when encountering recursion errors during type evaluation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11356](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11356)
+* Always include `additionalProperties: True` for arbitrary dictionary schemas by [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) in [#11392](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392)
+* Expose `fallback` parameter in serialization methods by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11398](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11398)
+* Fix path serialization behavior by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11416](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11416)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `ruff` from 0.9.2 to 0.9.5 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11407](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11407)
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.29.0 by [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) in [#11402](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402)
+* Use locally-built rust with symbols & pgo by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#11403](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11403)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@kauabh](https://github.com/kauabh) made their first contribution in [#11369](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11369)
+* [@jaceklaskowski](https://github.com/jaceklaskowski) made their first contribution in [#11353](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11353)
+* [@tmpbeing](https://github.com/tmpbeing) made their first contribution in [#11375](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11375)
+* [@petyosi](https://github.com/petyosi) made their first contribution in [#11405](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11405)
+* [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) made their first contribution in [#11392](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392)
+* [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) made their first contribution in [#11402](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402)
+
+## v2.11.0a1 (2025-01-30)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0a1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general).
+This is an early alpha release, meant to collect early feedback from users having issues with core schema builds.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Support unsubstituted type variables with both a default and a bound or constraints by [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) in [#10789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789)
+* Add a `default_factory_takes_validated_data` property to `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11034](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11034)
+* Raise a better error when a generic alias is used inside `type[]` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11088](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11088)
+* Properly support PEP 695 generics syntax by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11189](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11189)
+* Properly support type variable defaults by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11332](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11332)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Rework `create_model` field definitions format by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11032](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11032)
+* Raise a deprecation warning when a field is annotated as final with a default value by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11168](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11168)
+* Deprecate accessing `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` on instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11169](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11169)
+* Move core schema generation logic for path types inside the `GenerateSchema` class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10846](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10846)
+* Move `deque` schema gen to `GenerateSchema` class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11239](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11239)
+* Move `Mapping` schema gen to `GenerateSchema` to complete removal of `prepare_annotations_for_known_type` workaround by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11247](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11247)
+* Remove Python 3.8 Support by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11258](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11258)
+* Disable `pydantic-core` core schema validation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11271](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11271)
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Only evaluate `FieldInfo` annotations if required during schema building by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10769](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10769)
+* Optimize calls to `get_type_ref` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10863](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10863)
+* Improve `__setattr__` performance of Pydantic models by caching setter functions by [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in [#10868](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10868)
+* Improve annotation application performance by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11186](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11186)
+* Improve performance of `_typing_extra` module by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11255](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11255)
+* Refactor and optimize schema cleaning logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) and [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in [#11244](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11244)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Add validation tests for `_internal/_validators.py` by [@tkasuz](https://github.com/tkasuz) in [#10763](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10763)
+* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10872](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872)
+* Revert "ci: use locally built pydantic-core with debug symbols by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10942](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10942)
+* Re-enable all FastAPI tests by [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) in [#10948](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948)
+* Fix typo in HISTORY.md. by [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) in [#11077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077)
+* Infer final fields with a default value as class variables in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11121](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11121)
+* Recursively unpack `Literal` values if using PEP 695 type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11114](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11114)
+* Override `__subclasscheck__` on `ModelMetaclass` to avoid memory leak and performance issues by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11116](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11116)
+* Remove unused `_extract_get_pydantic_json_schema()` parameter by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11155](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11155)
+* Add FastAPI and SQLModel to third-party tests by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11044](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11044)
+* Fix conditional expressions syntax for third-party tests by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11162](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11162)
+* Move FastAPI tests to third-party workflow by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11164](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11164)
+* Improve discriminated union error message for invalid union variants by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11161](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11161)
+* Unpack PEP 695 type aliases if using the `Annotated` form by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11109](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11109)
+* Include `openapi-python-client` check in issue creation for third-party failures, use `main` branch by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11182](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11182)
+* Add pandera third-party tests by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11193](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11193)
+* Add ODMantic third-party tests by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11197](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11197)
+* Add missing stacklevel in `deprecated_instance_property` warning by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11200](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11200)
+* Copy `WithJsonSchema` schema to avoid sharing mutated data by [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) in [#11014](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014)
+* Do not cache parametrized models when in the process of parametrizing another model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10704](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10704)
+* Re-enable Beanie third-party tests by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11214](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11214)
+* Add discriminated union related metadata entries to the `CoreMetadata` definition by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11216](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11216)
+* Consolidate schema definitions logic in the `_Definitions` class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11208](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11208)
+* Support initializing root model fields with values of the `root` type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11212](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11212)
+* Fix various issues with dataclasses and `use_attribute_docstrings` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11246](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11246)
+* Only compute normalized decimal places if necessary in `decimal_places_validator` by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in [#11281](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11281)
+* Fix two misplaced sentences in validation errors documentation by [@ananiavito](https://github.com/ananiavito) in [#11302](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11302)
+* Fix mkdocstrings inventory example in documentation by [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy) in [#11311](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11311)
+* Add support for `validation_alias` in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11295](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11295)
+* Do not transform model serializer functions as class methods in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11298](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11298)
+* Simplify `GenerateJsonSchema.literal_schema()` implementation by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in [#11321](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11321)
+* Add additional allowed schemes for `ClickHouseDsn` by [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) in [#11319](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319)
+* Coerce decimal constraints to `Decimal` instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11350](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11350)
+* Fix `ValueError` on year zero by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1583](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1583)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 6 to 7 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) in [#11018](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11018)
+* Re-enable memray related tests on Python 3.12+ by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11191](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11191)
+* Bump astral-sh/setup-uv to 5 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) in [#11205](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11205)
+* Bump `ruff` to v0.9.0 by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11254](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11254)
+* Regular `uv.lock` deps update by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11333](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11333)
+* Add a `check_pydantic_core_version()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11324)
+* Remove `greenlet` development dependency by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11351](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11351)
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.28.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11364](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11364)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) made their first contribution in [#10789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789)
+* [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) made their first contribution in [#10948](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948)
+* [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) made their first contribution in [#11077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077)
+* [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) made their first contribution in [#11082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082)
+* [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) made their first contribution in [#11111](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111)
+* [@mdaffad](https://github.com/mdaffad) made their first contribution in [#11177](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11177)
+* [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) made their first contribution in [#11014](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014)
+* [@thomasfrimannkoren](https://github.com/thomasfrimannkoren) made their first contribution in [#11251](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11251)
+* [@usernameMAI](https://github.com/usernameMAI) made their first contribution in [#11275](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11275)
+* [@ananiavito](https://github.com/ananiavito) made their first contribution in [#11302](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11302)
+* [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy) made their first contribution in [#11311](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11311)
+* [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) made their first contribution in [#11319](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319)
+
+## v2.10.6 (2025-01-23)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.6)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix JSON Schema reference collection with `'examples'` keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11325](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11325)
+* Fix url python serialization by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11331)
+
+## v2.10.5 (2025-01-08)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.5)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Remove custom MRO implementation of Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11184](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11184)
+* Fix URL serialization for unions by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11233](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11233)
+
+## v2.10.4 (2024-12-18)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.4)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix for comparison of `AnyUrl` objects by [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) in [#11082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082)
+* Properly fetch PEP 695 type params for functions, do not fetch annotations from signature by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11093](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11093)
+* Include JSON Schema input core schema in function schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11085](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11085)
+* Add `len` to `_BaseUrl` to avoid TypeError by [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) in [#11111](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111)
+* Make sure the type reference is removed from the seen references by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11143](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11143)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) made their first contribution in [#10789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789)
+* [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) made their first contribution in [#10948](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948)
+* [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) made their first contribution in [#11077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077)
+* [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) made their first contribution in [#11082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082)
+* [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) made their first contribution in [#11111](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.27.2 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#11138](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11138)
+
+## v2.10.3 (2024-12-03)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Set fields when `defer_build` is set on Pydantic dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10984](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10984)
+* Do not resolve the JSON Schema reference for `dict` core schema keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10989](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10989)
+* Use the globals of the function when evaluating the return type for `PlainSerializer` and `WrapSerializer` functions by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11008](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11008)
+* Fix host required enforcement for urls to be compatible with v2.9 behavior by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11027](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11027)
+* Add a `default_factory_takes_validated_data` property to `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11034](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11034)
+* Fix url json schema in `serialization` mode by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11035](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11035)
+
+## v2.10.2 (2024-11-25)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Only evaluate FieldInfo annotations if required during schema building by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10769](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10769)
+* Do not evaluate annotations for private fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10962](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10962)
+* Support serialization as any for `Secret` types and `Url` types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10947](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10947)
+* Fix type hint of `Field.default` to be compatible with Python 3.8 and 3.9 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10972](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10972)
+* Add hashing support for URL types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10975](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10975)
+* Hide `BaseModel.__replace__` definition from type checkers by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10979](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10979)
+
+## v2.10.1 (2024-11-21)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Use the correct frame when instantiating a parametrized `TypeAdapter` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10893](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10893)
+* Relax check for validated data in `default_factory` utils by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10909](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10909)
+* Fix type checking issue with `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10911](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10911)
+* Use the parent configuration during schema generation for stdlib `dataclass`es by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10928](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10928)
+* Use the `globals` of the function when evaluating the return type of serializers and `computed_field`s by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10929](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10929)
+* Fix URL constraint application by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10922](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10922)
+* Fix URL equality with different validation methods by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10934](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10934)
+* Fix JSON schema title when specified as `''` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10936](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10936)
+* Fix `python` mode serialization for `complex` inference by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [pydantic-core#1549](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1549)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` version to `v2.27.1` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10938](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10938)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+## v2.10.0 (2024-11-20)
+
+The code released in v2.10.0 is practically identical to that of v2.10.0b2.
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0)
+
+See the [v2.10 release blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-10-release) for the highlights!
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Support `fractions.Fraction` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10318](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10318)
+* Support `Hashable` for json validation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10324)
+* Add a `SocketPath` type for `linux` systems by [@theunkn0wn1](https://github.com/theunkn0wn1) in [#10378](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10378)
+* Allow arbitrary refs in JSON schema `examples` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10417](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10417)
+* Support `defer_build` for Pydantic dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10313](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10313)
+* Adding v1 / v2 incompatibility warning for nested v1 model by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10431](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10431)
+* Add support for unpacked `TypedDict` to type hint variadic keyword arguments with `@validate_call` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10416](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10416)
+* Support compiled patterns in `protected_namespaces` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10522](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10522)
+* Add support for `propertyNames` in JSON schema by [@FlorianSW](https://github.com/FlorianSW) in [#10478](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10478)
+* Adding `__replace__` protocol for Python 3.13+ support by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10596](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10596)
+* Expose public `sort` method for JSON schema generation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10595](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10595)
+* Add runtime validation of `@validate_call` callable argument by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10627](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10627)
+* Add `experimental_allow_partial` support by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin) in [#10748](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10748)
+* Support default factories taking validated data as an argument by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10678](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10678)
+* Allow subclassing `ValidationError` and `PydanticCustomError` by [@Youssefares](https://github.com/Youssefares) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1413](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1413)
+* Add `trailing-strings` support to `experimental_allow_partial` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10825)
+* Add `rebuild()` method for `TypeAdapter` and simplify `defer_build` patterns by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10537](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10537)
+* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10872](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Don't allow customization of `SchemaGenerator` until interface is more stable by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10303](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10303)
+* Cleanly `defer_build` on `TypeAdapters`, removing experimental flag by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10329](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10329)
+* Fix `mro` of generic subclass  by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10100](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10100)
+* Strip whitespaces on JSON Schema title generation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10404](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10404)
+* Use `b64decode` and `b64encode` for `Base64Bytes` type by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10486](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10486)
+* Relax protected namespace config default by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10441](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10441)
+* Revalidate parametrized generics if instance's origin is subclass of OG class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10666](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10666)
+* Warn if configuration is specified on the `@dataclass` decorator and with the `__pydantic_config__` attribute by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10406](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10406)
+* Recommend against using `Ellipsis` (...) with `Field` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10661](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10661)
+* Migrate to subclassing instead of annotated approach for pydantic url types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10662](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10662)
+* Change JSON schema generation of `Literal`s and `Enums` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10692](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10692)
+* Simplify unions involving `Any` or `Never` when replacing type variables by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10338](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10338)
+* Do not require padding when decoding `base64` bytes by [@bschoenmaeckers](https://github.com/bschoenmaeckers) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1448](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1448)
+* Support dates all the way to 1BC by [@changhc](https://github.com/changhc) in [pydantic/speedate#77](https://github.com/pydantic/speedate/pull/77)
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Schema cleaning: skip unnecessary copies during schema walking by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10286](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10286)
+* Refactor namespace logic for annotations evaluation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10530](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10530)
+* Improve email regexp on edge cases by [@AlekseyLobanov](https://github.com/AlekseyLobanov) in [#10601](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10601)
+* `CoreMetadata` refactor with an emphasis on documentation, schema build time performance, and reducing complexity by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10675](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10675)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to `v2.27.0` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10825)
+* Replaced pdm with uv by [@frfahim](https://github.com/frfahim) in [#10727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10727)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Remove guarding check on `computed_field` with `field_serializer` by [@nix010](https://github.com/nix010) in [#10390](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10390)
+* Fix `Predicate` issue in `v2.9.0` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10321](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10321)
+* Fixing `annotated-types` bound by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10327](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10327)
+* Turn `tzdata` install requirement into optional `timezone` dependency by [@jakob-keller](https://github.com/jakob-keller) in [#10331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10331)
+* Use correct types namespace when building `namedtuple` core schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10337](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10337)
+* Fix evaluation of stringified annotations during namespace inspection by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10347](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10347)
+* Fix `IncEx` type alias definition by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10339](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10339)
+* Do not error when trying to evaluate annotations of private attributes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10358](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10358)
+* Fix nested type statement by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10369](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10369)
+* Improve typing of `ModelMetaclass.mro` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10372](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10372)
+* Fix class access of deprecated `computed_field`s by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10391](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10391)
+* Make sure `inspect.iscoroutinefunction` works on coroutines decorated with `@validate_call` by [@MovisLi](https://github.com/MovisLi) in [#10374](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10374)
+* Fix `NameError` when using `validate_call` with PEP 695 on a class by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10380](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10380)
+* Fix `ZoneInfo` with various invalid types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10408](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10408)
+* Fix `PydanticUserError` on empty `model_config` with annotations by [@cdwilson](https://github.com/cdwilson) in [#10412](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10412)
+* Fix variance issue in `_IncEx` type alias, only allow `True` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10414](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10414)
+* Fix serialization schema generation when using `PlainValidator` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10427](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10427)
+* Fix schema generation error when serialization schema holds references by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10444](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10444)
+* Inline references if possible when generating schema for `json_schema_input_type` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10439](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10439)
+* Fix recursive arguments in `Representation` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10480](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10480)
+* Fix representation for builtin function types by [@kschwab](https://github.com/kschwab) in [#10479](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10479)
+* Add python validators for decimal constraints (`max_digits` and `decimal_places`) by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10506](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10506)
+* Only fetch `__pydantic_core_schema__` from the current class during schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10518](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10518)
+* Fix `stacklevel` on deprecation warnings for `BaseModel` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10520](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10520)
+* Fix warning `stacklevel` in `BaseModel.__init__` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10526](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10526)
+* Improve error handling for in-evaluable refs for discriminator application by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10440](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10440)
+* Change the signature of `ConfigWrapper.core_config` to take the title directly by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10562](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10562)
+* Do not use the previous config from the stack for dataclasses without config by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10576](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10576)
+* Fix serialization for IP types with `mode='python'` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10594](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10594)
+* Support constraint application for `Base64Etc` types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10584](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10584)
+* Fix `validate_call` ignoring `Field` in `Annotated` by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10610](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10610)
+* Raise an error when `Self` is invalid by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10609](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10609)
+* Using `core_schema.InvalidSchema` instead of metadata injection + checks by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10523](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10523)
+* Tweak type alias logic by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10643](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10643)
+* Support usage of `type` with `typing.Self` and type aliases by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10621](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10621)
+* Use overloads for `Field` and `PrivateAttr` functions by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10651](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10651)
+* Clean up the `mypy` plugin implementation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10669](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10669)
+* Properly check for `typing_extensions` variant of `TypeAliasType` by [@Daraan](https://github.com/Daraan) in [#10713](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10713)
+* Allow any mapping in `BaseModel.model_copy()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10751](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10751)
+* Fix `isinstance` behavior for urls by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10766](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10766)
+* Ensure `cached_property` can be set on Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10774](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10774)
+* Fix equality checks for primitives in literals by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1459](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1459)
+* Properly enforce `host_required` for URLs by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1488](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1488)
+* Fix when `coerce_numbers_to_str` enabled and string has invalid Unicode character by [@andrey-berenda](https://github.com/andrey-berenda) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1515](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1515)
+* Fix serializing `complex` values in `Enum`s by [@changhc](https://github.com/changhc) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1524](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1524)
+* Refactor `_typing_extra` module by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10725)
+* Support intuitive equality for urls by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10798](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10798)
+* Add `bytearray` to `TypeAdapter.validate_json` signature by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin) in [#10802](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10802)
+* Ensure class access of method descriptors is performed when used as a default with `Field` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10816](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10816)
+* Fix circular import with `validate_call` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10807](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10807)
+* Fix error when using type aliases referencing other type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10809](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10809)
+* Fix `IncEx` type alias to be compatible with mypy by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10813](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10813)
+* Make `__signature__` a lazy property, do not deepcopy defaults by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10818](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10818)
+* Make `__signature__` lazy for dataclasses, too by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10832](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10832)
+* Subclass all single host url classes from `AnyUrl` to preserve behavior from v2.9 by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10856](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10856)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@jakob-keller](https://github.com/jakob-keller) made their first contribution in [#10331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10331)
+* [@MovisLi](https://github.com/MovisLi) made their first contribution in [#10374](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10374)
+* [@joaopalmeiro](https://github.com/joaopalmeiro) made their first contribution in [#10405](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10405)
+* [@theunkn0wn1](https://github.com/theunkn0wn1) made their first contribution in [#10378](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10378)
+* [@cdwilson](https://github.com/cdwilson) made their first contribution in [#10412](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10412)
+* [@dlax](https://github.com/dlax) made their first contribution in [#10421](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10421)
+* [@kschwab](https://github.com/kschwab) made their first contribution in [#10479](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10479)
+* [@santibreo](https://github.com/santibreo) made their first contribution in [#10453](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10453)
+* [@FlorianSW](https://github.com/FlorianSW) made their first contribution in [#10478](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10478)
+* [@tkasuz](https://github.com/tkasuz) made their first contribution in [#10555](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10555)
+* [@AlekseyLobanov](https://github.com/AlekseyLobanov) made their first contribution in [#10601](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10601)
+* [@NiclasvanEyk](https://github.com/NiclasvanEyk) made their first contribution in [#10667](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10667)
+* [@mschoettle](https://github.com/mschoettle) made their first contribution in [#10677](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10677)
+* [@Daraan](https://github.com/Daraan) made their first contribution in [#10713](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10713)
+* [@k4nar](https://github.com/k4nar) made their first contribution in [#10736](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10736)
+* [@UriyaHarpeness](https://github.com/UriyaHarpeness) made their first contribution in [#10740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10740)
+* [@frfahim](https://github.com/frfahim) made their first contribution in [#10727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10727)
+
+## v2.10.0b2 (2024-11-13)
+
+Pre-release, see [the GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0b2) for details.
+
+## v2.10.0b1 (2024-11-06)
+
+Pre-release, see [the GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0b1) for details.
+
+
+... see [here](https://docs.pydantic.dev/changelog/#v0322-2019-08-17) for earlier changes.
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b94fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.29.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488c626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 to present Pydantic Services Inc. and individual contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0121284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .version import VERSION, _ensure_pydantic_core_version
+
+_ensure_pydantic_core_version()
+del _ensure_pydantic_core_version
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # import of virtually everything is supported via `__getattr__` below,
+    # but we need them here for type checking and IDE support
+    import pydantic_core
+    from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
+        FieldSerializationInfo,
+        SerializationInfo,
+        SerializerFunctionWrapHandler,
+        ValidationInfo,
+        ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+    )
+
+    from . import dataclasses
+    from .aliases import AliasChoices, AliasGenerator, AliasPath
+    from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    from .config import ConfigDict, with_config
+    from .errors import *
+    from .fields import Field, PrivateAttr, computed_field
+    from .functional_serializers import (
+        PlainSerializer,
+        SerializeAsAny,
+        WrapSerializer,
+        field_serializer,
+        model_serializer,
+    )
+    from .functional_validators import (
+        AfterValidator,
+        BeforeValidator,
+        InstanceOf,
+        ModelWrapValidatorHandler,
+        PlainValidator,
+        SkipValidation,
+        ValidateAs,
+        WrapValidator,
+        field_validator,
+        model_validator,
+    )
+    from .json_schema import WithJsonSchema
+    from .main import *
+    from .networks import *
+    from .type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+    from .types import *
+    from .validate_call_decorator import validate_call
+    from .warnings import (
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince26,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince29,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince210,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince212,
+        PydanticDeprecationWarning,
+        PydanticExperimentalWarning,
+    )
+
+    # this encourages pycharm to import `ValidationError` from here, not pydantic_core
+    ValidationError = pydantic_core.ValidationError
+    from .deprecated.class_validators import root_validator, validator
+    from .deprecated.config import BaseConfig, Extra
+    from .deprecated.tools import *
+    from .root_model import RootModel
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+__all__ = (
+    # dataclasses
+    'dataclasses',
+    # functional validators
+    'field_validator',
+    'model_validator',
+    'AfterValidator',
+    'BeforeValidator',
+    'PlainValidator',
+    'WrapValidator',
+    'SkipValidation',
+    'ValidateAs',
+    'InstanceOf',
+    'ModelWrapValidatorHandler',
+    # JSON Schema
+    'WithJsonSchema',
+    # deprecated V1 functional validators, these are imported via `__getattr__` below
+    'root_validator',
+    'validator',
+    # functional serializers
+    'field_serializer',
+    'model_serializer',
+    'PlainSerializer',
+    'SerializeAsAny',
+    'WrapSerializer',
+    # config
+    'ConfigDict',
+    'with_config',
+    # deprecated V1 config, these are imported via `__getattr__` below
+    'BaseConfig',
+    'Extra',
+    # validate_call
+    'validate_call',
+    # errors
+    'PydanticErrorCodes',
+    'PydanticUserError',
+    'PydanticSchemaGenerationError',
+    'PydanticImportError',
+    'PydanticUndefinedAnnotation',
+    'PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema',
+    'PydanticForbiddenQualifier',
+    # fields
+    'Field',
+    'computed_field',
+    'PrivateAttr',
+    # alias
+    'AliasChoices',
+    'AliasGenerator',
+    'AliasPath',
+    # main
+    'BaseModel',
+    'create_model',
+    # network
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'FtpUrl',
+    'WebsocketUrl',
+    'AnyWebsocketUrl',
+    'UrlConstraints',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'NatsDsn',
+    'MySQLDsn',
+    'MariaDBDsn',
+    'ClickHouseDsn',
+    'SnowflakeDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+    # root_model
+    'RootModel',
+    # deprecated tools, these are imported via `__getattr__` below
+    'parse_obj_as',
+    'schema_of',
+    'schema_json_of',
+    # types
+    'Strict',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'conbytes',
+    'conlist',
+    'conset',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'constr',
+    'StringConstraints',
+    'ImportString',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'condecimal',
+    'condate',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'UUID6',
+    'UUID7',
+    'UUID8',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'NewPath',
+    'Json',
+    'Secret',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'SocketPath',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    'PastDatetime',
+    'FutureDatetime',
+    'AwareDatetime',
+    'NaiveDatetime',
+    'AllowInfNan',
+    'EncoderProtocol',
+    'EncodedBytes',
+    'EncodedStr',
+    'Base64Encoder',
+    'Base64Bytes',
+    'Base64Str',
+    'Base64UrlBytes',
+    'Base64UrlStr',
+    'GetPydanticSchema',
+    'Tag',
+    'Discriminator',
+    'JsonValue',
+    'FailFast',
+    # type_adapter
+    'TypeAdapter',
+    # version
+    '__version__',
+    'VERSION',
+    # warnings
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince20',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince26',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince29',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince210',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince211',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince212',
+    'PydanticDeprecationWarning',
+    'PydanticExperimentalWarning',
+    # annotated handlers
+    'GetCoreSchemaHandler',
+    'GetJsonSchemaHandler',
+    # pydantic_core
+    'ValidationError',
+    'ValidationInfo',
+    'SerializationInfo',
+    'ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler',
+    'FieldSerializationInfo',
+    'SerializerFunctionWrapHandler',
+    'OnErrorOmit',
+)
+
+# A mapping of {<member name>: (package, <module name>)} defining dynamic imports
+_dynamic_imports: 'dict[str, tuple[str, str]]' = {
+    'dataclasses': (__spec__.parent, '__module__'),
+    # functional validators
+    'field_validator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'model_validator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'AfterValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'BeforeValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'PlainValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'WrapValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'SkipValidation': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'InstanceOf': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'ValidateAs': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'ModelWrapValidatorHandler': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    # JSON Schema
+    'WithJsonSchema': (__spec__.parent, '.json_schema'),
+    # functional serializers
+    'field_serializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'model_serializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'PlainSerializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'SerializeAsAny': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'WrapSerializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    # config
+    'ConfigDict': (__spec__.parent, '.config'),
+    'with_config': (__spec__.parent, '.config'),
+    # validate call
+    'validate_call': (__spec__.parent, '.validate_call_decorator'),
+    # errors
+    'PydanticErrorCodes': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticUserError': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticSchemaGenerationError': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticImportError': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticUndefinedAnnotation': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticForbiddenQualifier': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    # fields
+    'Field': (__spec__.parent, '.fields'),
+    'computed_field': (__spec__.parent, '.fields'),
+    'PrivateAttr': (__spec__.parent, '.fields'),
+    # alias
+    'AliasChoices': (__spec__.parent, '.aliases'),
+    'AliasGenerator': (__spec__.parent, '.aliases'),
+    'AliasPath': (__spec__.parent, '.aliases'),
+    # main
+    'BaseModel': (__spec__.parent, '.main'),
+    'create_model': (__spec__.parent, '.main'),
+    # network
+    'AnyUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'AnyHttpUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'FileUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'HttpUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'FtpUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'WebsocketUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'AnyWebsocketUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'UrlConstraints': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'EmailStr': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'NameEmail': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'IPvAnyAddress': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'IPvAnyInterface': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'IPvAnyNetwork': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'PostgresDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'CockroachDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'AmqpDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'RedisDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'MongoDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'KafkaDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'NatsDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'MySQLDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'MariaDBDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'ClickHouseDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'SnowflakeDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'validate_email': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    # root_model
+    'RootModel': (__spec__.parent, '.root_model'),
+    # types
+    'Strict': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conbytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conlist': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conset': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'confrozenset': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'constr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StringConstraints': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'ImportString': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conint': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PositiveInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NegativeInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonNegativeInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonPositiveInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'confloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PositiveFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NegativeFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonNegativeFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonPositiveFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FiniteFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'condecimal': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'condate': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID1': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID3': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID4': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID5': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID6': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID7': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID8': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FilePath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'DirectoryPath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NewPath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Json': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Secret': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'SecretStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'SecretBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictBool': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PaymentCardNumber': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'ByteSize': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PastDate': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'SocketPath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FutureDate': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PastDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FutureDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'AwareDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NaiveDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'AllowInfNan': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'EncoderProtocol': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'EncodedBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'EncodedStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64Encoder': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64Bytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64Str': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64UrlBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64UrlStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'GetPydanticSchema': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Tag': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Discriminator': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'JsonValue': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'OnErrorOmit': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FailFast': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    # type_adapter
+    'TypeAdapter': (__spec__.parent, '.type_adapter'),
+    # warnings
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince20': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince26': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince29': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince210': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince211': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince212': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecationWarning': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticExperimentalWarning': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    # annotated handlers
+    'GetCoreSchemaHandler': (__spec__.parent, '.annotated_handlers'),
+    'GetJsonSchemaHandler': (__spec__.parent, '.annotated_handlers'),
+    # pydantic_core stuff
+    'ValidationError': ('pydantic_core', '.'),
+    'ValidationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'SerializationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'FieldSerializationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'SerializerFunctionWrapHandler': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    # deprecated, mostly not included in __all__
+    'root_validator': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.class_validators'),
+    'validator': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.class_validators'),
+    'BaseConfig': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.config'),
+    'Extra': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.config'),
+    'parse_obj_as': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.tools'),
+    'schema_of': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.tools'),
+    'schema_json_of': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.tools'),
+    # deprecated dynamic imports
+    'FieldValidationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'GenerateSchema': (__spec__.parent, '._internal._generate_schema'),
+}
+_deprecated_dynamic_imports = {'FieldValidationInfo', 'GenerateSchema'}
+
+_getattr_migration = getattr_migration(__name__)
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr_name: str) -> object:
+    if attr_name in _deprecated_dynamic_imports:
+        from pydantic.warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+        warn(
+            f'Importing {attr_name} from `pydantic` is deprecated. This feature is either no longer supported, or is not public.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    dynamic_attr = _dynamic_imports.get(attr_name)
+    if dynamic_attr is None:
+        return _getattr_migration(attr_name)
+
+    package, module_name = dynamic_attr
+
+    if module_name == '__module__':
+        result = import_module(f'.{attr_name}', package=package)
+        globals()[attr_name] = result
+        return result
+    else:
+        module = import_module(module_name, package=package)
+        result = getattr(module, attr_name)
+        g = globals()
+        for k, (_, v_module_name) in _dynamic_imports.items():
+            if v_module_name == module_name and k not in _deprecated_dynamic_imports:
+                g[k] = getattr(module, k)
+        return result
+
+
+def __dir__() -> list[str]:
+    return list(__all__)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b5870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import warnings
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Literal,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from ..aliases import AliasGenerator
+from ..config import ConfigDict, ExtraValues, JsonDict, JsonEncoder, JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20, PydanticDeprecatedSince210
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._internal._schema_generation_shared import GenerateSchema
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo
+
+DEPRECATION_MESSAGE = 'Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead.'
+
+
+class ConfigWrapper:
+    """Internal wrapper for Config which exposes ConfigDict items as attributes."""
+
+    __slots__ = ('config_dict',)
+
+    config_dict: ConfigDict
+
+    # all annotations are copied directly from ConfigDict, and should be kept up to date, a test will fail if they
+    # stop matching
+    title: str | None
+    str_to_lower: bool
+    str_to_upper: bool
+    str_strip_whitespace: bool
+    str_min_length: int
+    str_max_length: int | None
+    extra: ExtraValues | None
+    frozen: bool
+    populate_by_name: bool
+    use_enum_values: bool
+    validate_assignment: bool
+    arbitrary_types_allowed: bool
+    from_attributes: bool
+    # whether to use the actual key provided in the data (e.g. alias or first alias for "field required" errors) instead of field_names
+    # to construct error `loc`s, default `True`
+    loc_by_alias: bool
+    alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator | None
+    model_title_generator: Callable[[type], str] | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo | ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None
+    ignored_types: tuple[type, ...]
+    allow_inf_nan: bool
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None
+    json_encoders: dict[type[object], JsonEncoder] | None
+
+    # new in V2
+    strict: bool
+    # whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances) should re-validate, default 'never'
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']
+    ser_json_timedelta: Literal['iso8601', 'float']
+    ser_json_temporal: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds']
+    val_temporal_unit: Literal['seconds', 'milliseconds', 'infer']
+    ser_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    val_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    ser_json_inf_nan: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings']
+    # whether to validate default values during validation, default False
+    validate_default: bool
+    validate_return: bool
+    protected_namespaces: tuple[str | Pattern[str], ...]
+    hide_input_in_errors: bool
+    defer_build: bool
+    plugin_settings: dict[str, object] | None
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateSchema] | None
+    json_schema_serialization_defaults_required: bool
+    json_schema_mode_override: Literal['validation', 'serialization', None]
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']
+    validation_error_cause: bool
+    use_attribute_docstrings: bool
+    cache_strings: bool | Literal['all', 'keys', 'none']
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    serialize_by_alias: bool
+    url_preserve_empty_path: bool
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, config: ConfigDict | dict[str, Any] | type[Any] | None, *, check: bool = True):
+        if check:
+            self.config_dict = prepare_config(config)
+        else:
+            self.config_dict = cast(ConfigDict, config)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_model(
+        cls,
+        bases: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+        namespace: dict[str, Any],
+        raw_annotations: dict[str, Any],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a new `ConfigWrapper` instance for a `BaseModel`.
+
+        The config wrapper built based on (in descending order of priority):
+        - options from `kwargs`
+        - options from the `namespace`
+        - options from the base classes (`bases`)
+
+        Args:
+            bases: A tuple of base classes.
+            namespace: The namespace of the class being created.
+            raw_annotations: The (non-evaluated) annotations of the model.
+            kwargs: The kwargs passed to the class being created.
+
+        Returns:
+            A `ConfigWrapper` instance for `BaseModel`.
+        """
+        config_new = ConfigDict()
+        for base in bases:
+            config = getattr(base, 'model_config', None)
+            if config:
+                config_new.update(config.copy())
+
+        config_class_from_namespace = namespace.get('Config')
+        config_dict_from_namespace = namespace.get('model_config')
+
+        if raw_annotations.get('model_config') and config_dict_from_namespace is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                '`model_config` cannot be used as a model field name. Use `model_config` for model configuration.',
+                code='model-config-invalid-field-name',
+            )
+
+        if config_class_from_namespace and config_dict_from_namespace:
+            raise PydanticUserError('"Config" and "model_config" cannot be used together', code='config-both')
+
+        config_from_namespace = config_dict_from_namespace or prepare_config(config_class_from_namespace)
+
+        config_new.update(config_from_namespace)
+
+        for k in list(kwargs.keys()):
+            if k in config_keys:
+                config_new[k] = kwargs.pop(k)
+
+        return cls(config_new)
+
+    # we don't show `__getattr__` to type checkers so missing attributes cause errors
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no branch
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            try:
+                return self.config_dict[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                try:
+                    return config_defaults[name]
+                except KeyError:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'Config has no attribute {name!r}') from None
+
+    def core_config(self, title: str | None) -> core_schema.CoreConfig:
+        """Create a pydantic-core config.
+
+        We don't use getattr here since we don't want to populate with defaults.
+
+        Args:
+            title: The title to use if not set in config.
+
+        Returns:
+            A `CoreConfig` object created from config.
+        """
+        config = self.config_dict
+
+        if config.get('schema_generator') is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'The `schema_generator` setting has been deprecated since v2.10. This setting no longer has any effect.',
+                PydanticDeprecatedSince210,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        if (populate_by_name := config.get('populate_by_name')) is not None:
+            # We include this patch for backwards compatibility purposes, but this config setting will be deprecated in v3.0, and likely removed in v4.0.
+            # Thus, the above warning and this patch can be removed then as well.
+            if config.get('validate_by_name') is None:
+                config['validate_by_alias'] = True
+                config['validate_by_name'] = populate_by_name
+
+        # We dynamically patch validate_by_name to be True if validate_by_alias is set to False
+        # and validate_by_name is not explicitly set.
+        if config.get('validate_by_alias') is False and config.get('validate_by_name') is None:
+            config['validate_by_name'] = True
+
+        if (not config.get('validate_by_alias', True)) and (not config.get('validate_by_name', False)):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `validate_by_alias` or `validate_by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return core_schema.CoreConfig(
+            **{  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                k: v
+                for k, v in (
+                    ('title', config.get('title') or title or None),
+                    ('extra_fields_behavior', config.get('extra')),
+                    ('allow_inf_nan', config.get('allow_inf_nan')),
+                    ('str_strip_whitespace', config.get('str_strip_whitespace')),
+                    ('str_to_lower', config.get('str_to_lower')),
+                    ('str_to_upper', config.get('str_to_upper')),
+                    ('strict', config.get('strict')),
+                    ('ser_json_timedelta', config.get('ser_json_timedelta')),
+                    ('ser_json_temporal', config.get('ser_json_temporal')),
+                    ('val_temporal_unit', config.get('val_temporal_unit')),
+                    ('ser_json_bytes', config.get('ser_json_bytes')),
+                    ('val_json_bytes', config.get('val_json_bytes')),
+                    ('ser_json_inf_nan', config.get('ser_json_inf_nan')),
+                    ('from_attributes', config.get('from_attributes')),
+                    ('loc_by_alias', config.get('loc_by_alias')),
+                    ('revalidate_instances', config.get('revalidate_instances')),
+                    ('validate_default', config.get('validate_default')),
+                    ('str_max_length', config.get('str_max_length')),
+                    ('str_min_length', config.get('str_min_length')),
+                    ('hide_input_in_errors', config.get('hide_input_in_errors')),
+                    ('coerce_numbers_to_str', config.get('coerce_numbers_to_str')),
+                    ('regex_engine', config.get('regex_engine')),
+                    ('validation_error_cause', config.get('validation_error_cause')),
+                    ('cache_strings', config.get('cache_strings')),
+                    ('validate_by_alias', config.get('validate_by_alias')),
+                    ('validate_by_name', config.get('validate_by_name')),
+                    ('serialize_by_alias', config.get('serialize_by_alias')),
+                    ('url_preserve_empty_path', config.get('url_preserve_empty_path')),
+                    ('polymorphic_serialization', config.get('polymorphic_serialization')),
+                )
+                if v is not None
+            }
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        c = ', '.join(f'{k}={v!r}' for k, v in self.config_dict.items())
+        return f'ConfigWrapper({c})'
+
+
+class ConfigWrapperStack:
+    """A stack of `ConfigWrapper` instances."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper):
+        self._config_wrapper_stack: list[ConfigWrapper] = [config_wrapper]
+
+    @property
+    def tail(self) -> ConfigWrapper:
+        return self._config_wrapper_stack[-1]
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper | ConfigDict | None):
+        if config_wrapper is None:
+            yield
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(config_wrapper, ConfigWrapper):
+            config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper(config_wrapper, check=False)
+
+        self._config_wrapper_stack.append(config_wrapper)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._config_wrapper_stack.pop()
+
+
+config_defaults = ConfigDict(
+    title=None,
+    str_to_lower=False,
+    str_to_upper=False,
+    str_strip_whitespace=False,
+    str_min_length=0,
+    str_max_length=None,
+    # let the model / dataclass decide how to handle it
+    extra=None,
+    frozen=False,
+    populate_by_name=False,
+    use_enum_values=False,
+    validate_assignment=False,
+    arbitrary_types_allowed=False,
+    from_attributes=False,
+    loc_by_alias=True,
+    alias_generator=None,
+    model_title_generator=None,
+    field_title_generator=None,
+    ignored_types=(),
+    allow_inf_nan=True,
+    json_schema_extra=None,
+    strict=False,
+    revalidate_instances='never',
+    ser_json_timedelta='iso8601',
+    ser_json_temporal='iso8601',
+    val_temporal_unit='infer',
+    ser_json_bytes='utf8',
+    val_json_bytes='utf8',
+    ser_json_inf_nan='null',
+    validate_default=False,
+    validate_return=False,
+    protected_namespaces=('model_validate', 'model_dump'),
+    hide_input_in_errors=False,
+    json_encoders=None,
+    defer_build=False,
+    schema_generator=None,
+    plugin_settings=None,
+    json_schema_serialization_defaults_required=False,
+    json_schema_mode_override=None,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str=False,
+    regex_engine='rust-regex',
+    validation_error_cause=False,
+    use_attribute_docstrings=False,
+    cache_strings=True,
+    validate_by_alias=True,
+    validate_by_name=False,
+    serialize_by_alias=False,
+    url_preserve_empty_path=False,
+    polymorphic_serialization=False,
+)
+
+
+def prepare_config(config: ConfigDict | dict[str, Any] | type[Any] | None) -> ConfigDict:
+    """Create a `ConfigDict` instance from an existing dict, a class (e.g. old class-based config) or None.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The input config.
+
+    Returns:
+        A ConfigDict object created from config.
+    """
+    if config is None:
+        return ConfigDict()
+
+    if not isinstance(config, dict):
+        warnings.warn(DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=4)
+        config = {k: getattr(config, k) for k in dir(config) if not k.startswith('__')}
+
+    config_dict = cast(ConfigDict, config)
+    check_deprecated(config_dict)
+    return config_dict
+
+
+config_keys = set(ConfigDict.__annotations__.keys())
+
+
+V2_REMOVED_KEYS = {
+    'allow_mutation',
+    'error_msg_templates',
+    'fields',
+    'getter_dict',
+    'smart_union',
+    'underscore_attrs_are_private',
+    'json_loads',
+    'json_dumps',
+    'copy_on_model_validation',
+    'post_init_call',
+}
+V2_RENAMED_KEYS = {
+    'allow_population_by_field_name': 'validate_by_name',
+    'anystr_lower': 'str_to_lower',
+    'anystr_strip_whitespace': 'str_strip_whitespace',
+    'anystr_upper': 'str_to_upper',
+    'keep_untouched': 'ignored_types',
+    'max_anystr_length': 'str_max_length',
+    'min_anystr_length': 'str_min_length',
+    'orm_mode': 'from_attributes',
+    'schema_extra': 'json_schema_extra',
+    'validate_all': 'validate_default',
+}
+
+
+def check_deprecated(config_dict: ConfigDict) -> None:
+    """Check for deprecated config keys and warn the user.
+
+    Args:
+        config_dict: The input config.
+    """
+    deprecated_removed_keys = V2_REMOVED_KEYS & config_dict.keys()
+    deprecated_renamed_keys = V2_RENAMED_KEYS.keys() & config_dict.keys()
+    if deprecated_removed_keys or deprecated_renamed_keys:
+        renamings = {k: V2_RENAMED_KEYS[k] for k in sorted(deprecated_renamed_keys)}
+        renamed_bullets = [f'* {k!r} has been renamed to {v!r}' for k, v in renamings.items()]
+        removed_bullets = [f'* {k!r} has been removed' for k in sorted(deprecated_removed_keys)]
+        message = '\n'.join(['Valid config keys have changed in V2:'] + renamed_bullets + removed_bullets)
+        warnings.warn(message, UserWarning)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_metadata.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f2510c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypedDict, cast
+from warnings import warn
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..config import JsonDict, JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+    from ._schema_generation_shared import (
+        GetJsonSchemaFunction,
+    )
+
+
+class CoreMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """A `TypedDict` for holding the metadata dict of the schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        pydantic_js_functions: List of JSON schema functions that resolve refs during application.
+        pydantic_js_annotation_functions: List of JSON schema functions that don't resolve refs during application.
+        pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments: Whether JSON schema generator will
+            prefer positional over keyword arguments for an 'arguments' schema.
+            custom validation function. Only applies to before, plain, and wrap validators.
+        pydantic_js_updates: key / value pair updates to apply to the JSON schema for a type.
+        pydantic_js_extra: WIP, either key/value pair updates to apply to the JSON schema, or a custom callable.
+        pydantic_internal_union_tag_key: Used internally by the `Tag` metadata to specify the tag used for a discriminated union.
+        pydantic_internal_union_discriminator: Used internally to specify the discriminator value for a discriminated union
+            when the discriminator was applied to a `'definition-ref'` schema, and that reference was missing at the time
+            of the annotation application.
+
+    TODO: Perhaps we should move this structure to pydantic-core. At the moment, though,
+    it's easier to iterate on if we leave it in pydantic until we feel there is a semi-stable API.
+
+    TODO: It's unfortunate how functionally oriented JSON schema generation is, especially that which occurs during
+    the core schema generation process. It's inevitable that we need to store some json schema related information
+    on core schemas, given that we generate JSON schemas directly from core schemas. That being said, debugging related
+    issues is quite difficult when JSON schema information is disguised via dynamically defined functions.
+    """
+
+    pydantic_js_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction]
+    pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction]
+    pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments: bool
+    pydantic_js_updates: JsonDict
+    pydantic_js_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+    pydantic_internal_union_tag_key: str
+    pydantic_internal_union_discriminator: str
+
+
+def update_core_metadata(
+    core_metadata: Any,
+    /,
+    *,
+    pydantic_js_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction] | None = None,
+    pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction] | None = None,
+    pydantic_js_updates: JsonDict | None = None,
+    pydantic_js_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    from ..json_schema import PydanticJsonSchemaWarning
+
+    """Update CoreMetadata instance in place. When we make modifications in this function, they
+    take effect on the `core_metadata` reference passed in as the first (and only) positional argument.
+
+    First, cast to `CoreMetadata`, then finish with a cast to `dict[str, Any]` for core schema compatibility.
+    We do this here, instead of before / after each call to this function so that this typing hack
+    can be easily removed if/when we move `CoreMetadata` to `pydantic-core`.
+
+    For parameter descriptions, see `CoreMetadata` above.
+    """
+    core_metadata = cast(CoreMetadata, core_metadata)
+
+    if pydantic_js_functions:
+        core_metadata.setdefault('pydantic_js_functions', []).extend(pydantic_js_functions)
+
+    if pydantic_js_annotation_functions:
+        core_metadata.setdefault('pydantic_js_annotation_functions', []).extend(pydantic_js_annotation_functions)
+
+    if pydantic_js_updates:
+        if (existing_updates := core_metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates')) is not None:
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = {**existing_updates, **pydantic_js_updates}
+        else:
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = pydantic_js_updates
+
+    if pydantic_js_extra is not None:
+        existing_pydantic_js_extra = core_metadata.get('pydantic_js_extra')
+        if existing_pydantic_js_extra is None:
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_extra'] = pydantic_js_extra
+        if isinstance(existing_pydantic_js_extra, dict):
+            if isinstance(pydantic_js_extra, dict):
+                core_metadata['pydantic_js_extra'] = {**existing_pydantic_js_extra, **pydantic_js_extra}
+            if callable(pydantic_js_extra):
+                warn(
+                    'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported.'
+                    'The `callable` type is being ignored.'
+                    "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                    PydanticJsonSchemaWarning,
+                )
+        if callable(existing_pydantic_js_extra):
+            # if ever there's a case of a callable, we'll just keep the last json schema extra spec
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_extra'] = pydantic_js_extra
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caa51e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import TypeGuard, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from . import _repr
+from ._typing_extra import is_generic_alias
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from rich.console import Console
+
+AnyFunctionSchema = Union[
+    core_schema.AfterValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.WrapValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.PlainValidatorFunctionSchema,
+]
+
+
+FunctionSchemaWithInnerSchema = Union[
+    core_schema.AfterValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.WrapValidatorFunctionSchema,
+]
+
+CoreSchemaField = Union[
+    core_schema.ModelField, core_schema.DataclassField, core_schema.TypedDictField, core_schema.ComputedField
+]
+CoreSchemaOrField = Union[core_schema.CoreSchema, CoreSchemaField]
+
+_CORE_SCHEMA_FIELD_TYPES = {'typed-dict-field', 'dataclass-field', 'model-field', 'computed-field'}
+_FUNCTION_WITH_INNER_SCHEMA_TYPES = {'function-before', 'function-after', 'function-wrap'}
+_LIST_LIKE_SCHEMA_WITH_ITEMS_TYPES = {'list', 'set', 'frozenset'}
+
+
+def is_core_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchemaOrField,
+) -> TypeGuard[CoreSchema]:
+    return schema['type'] not in _CORE_SCHEMA_FIELD_TYPES
+
+
+def is_core_schema_field(
+    schema: CoreSchemaOrField,
+) -> TypeGuard[CoreSchemaField]:
+    return schema['type'] in _CORE_SCHEMA_FIELD_TYPES
+
+
+def is_function_with_inner_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchemaOrField,
+) -> TypeGuard[FunctionSchemaWithInnerSchema]:
+    return schema['type'] in _FUNCTION_WITH_INNER_SCHEMA_TYPES
+
+
+def is_list_like_schema_with_items_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+) -> TypeGuard[core_schema.ListSchema | core_schema.SetSchema | core_schema.FrozenSetSchema]:
+    return schema['type'] in _LIST_LIKE_SCHEMA_WITH_ITEMS_TYPES
+
+
+def get_type_ref(type_: Any, args_override: tuple[type[Any], ...] | None = None) -> str:
+    """Produces the ref to be used for this type by pydantic_core's core schemas.
+
+    This `args_override` argument was added for the purpose of creating valid recursive references
+    when creating generic models without needing to create a concrete class.
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(type_) or type_
+
+    args = get_args(type_) if is_generic_alias(type_) else (args_override or ())
+    generic_metadata = getattr(type_, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', None)
+    if generic_metadata:
+        origin = generic_metadata['origin'] or origin
+        args = generic_metadata['args'] or args
+
+    module_name = getattr(origin, '__module__', '<No __module__>')
+    if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(origin):
+        type_ref = f'{module_name}.{origin.__name__}:{id(origin)}'
+    else:
+        try:
+            qualname = getattr(origin, '__qualname__', f'<No __qualname__: {origin}>')
+        except Exception:
+            qualname = getattr(origin, '__qualname__', '<No __qualname__>')
+        type_ref = f'{module_name}.{qualname}:{id(origin)}'
+
+    arg_refs: list[str] = []
+    for arg in args:
+        if isinstance(arg, str):
+            # Handle string literals as a special case; we may be able to remove this special handling if we
+            # wrap them in a ForwardRef at some point.
+            arg_ref = f'{arg}:str-{id(arg)}'
+        else:
+            arg_ref = f'{_repr.display_as_type(arg)}:{id(arg)}'
+        arg_refs.append(arg_ref)
+    if arg_refs:
+        type_ref = f'{type_ref}[{",".join(arg_refs)}]'
+    return type_ref
+
+
+def get_ref(s: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> None | str:
+    """Get the ref from the schema if it has one.
+    This exists just for type checking to work correctly.
+    """
+    return s.get('ref', None)
+
+
+def _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(obj: Any, strip_metadata: bool = True) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+    """A utility function to remove irrelevant information from a core schema."""
+    if isinstance(obj, Mapping):
+        new_dct = {}
+        for k, v in obj.items():
+            if k == 'metadata' and strip_metadata:
+                new_metadata = {}
+
+                for meta_k, meta_v in v.items():
+                    if meta_k in ('pydantic_js_functions', 'pydantic_js_annotation_functions'):
+                        new_metadata['js_metadata'] = '<stripped>'
+                    else:
+                        new_metadata[meta_k] = _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(meta_v, strip_metadata=strip_metadata)
+
+                if list(new_metadata.keys()) == ['js_metadata']:
+                    new_metadata = {'<stripped>'}
+
+                new_dct[k] = new_metadata
+            # Remove some defaults:
+            elif k in ('custom_init', 'root_model') and not v:
+                continue
+            else:
+                new_dct[k] = _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(v, strip_metadata=strip_metadata)
+
+        return new_dct
+    elif isinstance(obj, Sequence) and not isinstance(obj, str):
+        return [_clean_schema_for_pretty_print(v, strip_metadata=strip_metadata) for v in obj]
+    else:
+        return obj
+
+
+def pretty_print_core_schema(
+    val: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Console | None = None,
+    max_depth: int | None = None,
+    strip_metadata: bool = True,
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Pretty-print a core schema using the `rich` library.
+
+    Args:
+        val: The core schema to print, or a Pydantic model/dataclass/type adapter
+            (in which case the cached core schema is fetched and printed).
+        console: A rich console to use when printing. Defaults to the global rich console instance.
+        max_depth: The number of nesting levels which may be printed.
+        strip_metadata: Whether to strip metadata in the output. If `True` any known core metadata
+            attributes will be stripped (but custom attributes are kept). Defaults to `True`.
+    """
+    # lazy import:
+    from rich.pretty import pprint
+
+    # circ. imports:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, TypeAdapter
+    from pydantic.dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+
+    if (inspect.isclass(val) and issubclass(val, BaseModel)) or is_pydantic_dataclass(val):
+        val = val.__pydantic_core_schema__
+    if isinstance(val, TypeAdapter):
+        val = val.core_schema
+    cleaned_schema = _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(val, strip_metadata=strip_metadata)
+
+    pprint(cleaned_schema, console=console, max_depth=max_depth)
+
+
+pps = pretty_print_core_schema
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_dataclasses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_dataclasses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f00c8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_dataclasses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+"""Private logic for creating pydantic dataclasses."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import copy
+import dataclasses
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import partial
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Protocol, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import (
+    ArgsKwargs,
+    SchemaSerializer,
+    SchemaValidator,
+    core_schema,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeIs
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from ..fields import FieldInfo
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator, create_schema_validator
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+from . import _config, _decorators
+from ._fields import collect_dataclass_fields
+from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema, InvalidSchemaError
+from ._generics import get_standard_typevars_map
+from ._mock_val_ser import set_dataclass_mocks
+from ._namespace_utils import NsResolver
+from ._signature import generate_pydantic_signature
+from ._utils import LazyClassAttribute
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import DataclassInstance as StandardDataclass
+
+    from ..config import ConfigDict
+
+    class PydanticDataclass(StandardDataclass, Protocol):
+        """A protocol containing attributes only available once a class has been decorated as a Pydantic dataclass.
+
+        Attributes:
+            __pydantic_config__: Pydantic-specific configuration settings for the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_complete__: Whether dataclass building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields.
+            __pydantic_core_schema__: The pydantic-core schema used to build the SchemaValidator and SchemaSerializer.
+            __pydantic_decorators__: Metadata containing the decorators defined on the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_fields__: Metadata about the fields defined on the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_serializer__: The pydantic-core SchemaSerializer used to dump instances of the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_validator__: The pydantic-core SchemaValidator used to validate instances of the dataclass.
+        """
+
+        __pydantic_config__: ClassVar[ConfigDict]
+        __pydantic_complete__: ClassVar[bool]
+        __pydantic_core_schema__: ClassVar[core_schema.CoreSchema]
+        __pydantic_decorators__: ClassVar[_decorators.DecoratorInfos]
+        __pydantic_fields__: ClassVar[dict[str, FieldInfo]]
+        __pydantic_serializer__: ClassVar[SchemaSerializer]
+        __pydantic_validator__: ClassVar[SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __pydantic_fields_complete__(cls) -> bool: ...
+
+
+def set_dataclass_fields(
+    cls: type[StandardDataclass],
+    config_wrapper: _config.ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Collect and set `cls.__pydantic_fields__`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting dataclass annotations.
+    """
+    typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(cls)
+    fields = collect_dataclass_fields(
+        cls, ns_resolver=ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map, config_wrapper=config_wrapper
+    )
+
+    cls.__pydantic_fields__ = fields  # type: ignore
+
+
+def complete_dataclass(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    config_wrapper: _config.ConfigWrapper,
+    *,
+    raise_errors: bool = True,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+    _force_build: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Finish building a pydantic dataclass.
+
+    This logic is called on a class which has already been wrapped in `dataclasses.dataclass()`.
+
+    This is somewhat analogous to `pydantic._internal._model_construction.complete_model_class`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+        ns_resolver: The namespace resolver instance to use when collecting dataclass fields
+            and during schema building.
+        _force_build: Whether to force building the dataclass, no matter if
+            [`defer_build`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.defer_build] is set.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if building a pydantic dataclass is successfully completed, `False` otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUndefinedAnnotation: If `raise_error` is `True` and there is an undefined annotations.
+    """
+    original_init = cls.__init__
+
+    # dataclass.__init__ must be defined here so its `__qualname__` can be changed since functions can't be copied,
+    # and so that the mock validator is used if building was deferred:
+    def __init__(__dataclass_self__: PydanticDataclass, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        s = __dataclass_self__
+        s.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(ArgsKwargs(args, kwargs), self_instance=s)
+
+    __init__.__qualname__ = f'{cls.__qualname__}.__init__'
+
+    cls.__init__ = __init__  # type: ignore
+    cls.__pydantic_config__ = config_wrapper.config_dict  # type: ignore
+
+    set_dataclass_fields(cls, config_wrapper=config_wrapper, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+    if not _force_build and config_wrapper.defer_build:
+        set_dataclass_mocks(cls)
+        return False
+
+    if hasattr(cls, '__post_init_post_parse__'):
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Support for `__post_init_post_parse__` has been dropped, the method will not be called',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        )
+
+    typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(cls)
+    gen_schema = GenerateSchema(
+        config_wrapper,
+        ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
+        typevars_map=typevars_map,
+    )
+
+    # set __signature__ attr only for the class, but not for its instances
+    # (because instances can define `__call__`, and `inspect.signature` shouldn't
+    # use the `__signature__` attribute and instead generate from `__call__`).
+    cls.__signature__ = LazyClassAttribute(
+        '__signature__',
+        partial(
+            generate_pydantic_signature,
+            # It's important that we reference the `original_init` here,
+            # as it is the one synthesized by the stdlib `dataclass` module:
+            init=original_init,
+            fields=cls.__pydantic_fields__,  # type: ignore
+            validate_by_name=config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+            extra=config_wrapper.extra,
+            is_dataclass=True,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.generate_schema(cls)
+    except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation as e:
+        if raise_errors:
+            raise
+        set_dataclass_mocks(cls, f'`{e.name}`')
+        return False
+
+    core_config = config_wrapper.core_config(title=cls.__name__)
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(schema)
+    except InvalidSchemaError:
+        set_dataclass_mocks(cls)
+        return False
+
+    # We are about to set all the remaining required properties expected for this cast;
+    # __pydantic_decorators__ and __pydantic_fields__ should already be set
+    cls = cast('type[PydanticDataclass]', cls)
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = schema
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = create_schema_validator(
+        schema, cls, cls.__module__, cls.__qualname__, 'dataclass', core_config, config_wrapper.plugin_settings
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(schema, core_config)
+    cls.__pydantic_complete__ = True
+    return True
+
+
+def is_stdlib_dataclass(cls: type[Any], /) -> TypeIs[type[StandardDataclass]]:
+    """Returns `True` if the class is a stdlib dataclass and *not* a Pydantic dataclass.
+
+    Unlike the stdlib `dataclasses.is_dataclass()` function, this does *not* include subclasses
+    of a dataclass that are themselves not dataclasses.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the class is a stdlib dataclass, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    return '__dataclass_fields__' in cls.__dict__ and not hasattr(cls, '__pydantic_validator__')
+
+
+def as_dataclass_field(pydantic_field: FieldInfo) -> dataclasses.Field[Any]:
+    field_args: dict[str, Any] = {'default': pydantic_field}
+
+    # Needed because if `doc` is set, the dataclass slots will be a dict (field name -> doc) instead of a tuple:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and pydantic_field.description is not None:
+        field_args['doc'] = pydantic_field.description
+
+    # Needed as the stdlib dataclass module processes kw_only in a specific way during class construction:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) and pydantic_field.kw_only is not None:
+        field_args['kw_only'] = pydantic_field.kw_only
+
+    # Needed as the stdlib dataclass modules generates `__repr__()` during class construction:
+    if pydantic_field.repr is not True:
+        field_args['repr'] = pydantic_field.repr
+
+    return dataclasses.field(**field_args)
+
+
+DcFields: TypeAlias = dict[str, dataclasses.Field[Any]]
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def patch_base_fields(cls: type[Any]) -> Generator[None]:
+    """Temporarily patch the stdlib dataclasses bases of `cls` if the Pydantic `Field()` function is used.
+
+    When creating a Pydantic dataclass, it is possible to inherit from stdlib dataclasses, where
+    the Pydantic `Field()` function is used. To create this Pydantic dataclass, we first apply
+    the stdlib `@dataclass` decorator on it. During the construction of the stdlib dataclass,
+    the `kw_only` and `repr` field arguments need to be understood by the stdlib *during* the
+    dataclass construction. To do so, we temporarily patch the fields dictionary of the affected
+    bases.
+
+    For instance, with the following example:
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    import dataclasses as stdlib_dc
+
+    import pydantic
+    import pydantic.dataclasses as pydantic_dc
+
+    @stdlib_dc.dataclass
+    class A:
+        a: int = pydantic.Field(repr=False)
+
+    # Notice that the `repr` attribute of the dataclass field is `True`:
+    A.__dataclass_fields__['a']
+    #> dataclass.Field(default=FieldInfo(repr=False), repr=True, ...)
+
+    @pydantic_dc.dataclass
+    class B(A):
+        b: int = pydantic.Field(repr=False)
+    ```
+
+    When passing `B` to the stdlib `@dataclass` decorator, it will look for fields in the parent classes
+    and reuse them directly. When this context manager is active, `A` will be temporarily patched to be
+    equivalent to:
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    @stdlib_dc.dataclass
+    class A:
+        a: int = stdlib_dc.field(default=Field(repr=False), repr=False)
+    ```
+
+    !!! note
+        This is only applied to the bases of `cls`, and not `cls` itself. The reason is that the Pydantic
+        dataclass decorator "owns" `cls` (in the previous example, `B`). As such, we instead modify the fields
+        directly (in the previous example, we simply do `setattr(B, 'b', as_dataclass_field(pydantic_field))`).
+
+    !!! note
+        This approach is far from ideal, and can probably be the source of unwanted side effects/race conditions.
+        The previous implemented approach was mutating the `__annotations__` dict of `cls`, which is no longer a
+        safe operation in Python 3.14+, and resulted in unexpected behavior with field ordering anyway.
+    """
+    # A list of two-tuples, the first element being a reference to the
+    # dataclass fields dictionary, the second element being a mapping between
+    # the field names that were modified, and their original `Field`:
+    original_fields_list: list[tuple[DcFields, DcFields]] = []
+
+    for base in cls.__mro__[1:]:
+        dc_fields: dict[str, dataclasses.Field[Any]] = base.__dict__.get('__dataclass_fields__', {})
+        dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults = {
+            field_name: field
+            for field_name, field in dc_fields.items()
+            if isinstance(field.default, FieldInfo)
+            # Only do the patching if one of the affected attributes is set:
+            and (field.default.description is not None or field.default.kw_only or field.default.repr is not True)
+        }
+        if dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults:
+            original_fields_list.append((dc_fields, dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults))
+            for field_name, field in dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults.items():
+                default = cast(FieldInfo, field.default)
+                # `dataclasses.Field` isn't documented as working with `copy.copy()`.
+                # It is a class with `__slots__`, so should work (and we hope for the best):
+                new_dc_field = copy.copy(field)
+                # For base fields, no need to set `doc` from `FieldInfo.description`, this is only relevant
+                # for the class under construction and handled in `as_dataclass_field()`.
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) and default.kw_only:
+                    new_dc_field.kw_only = True
+                if default.repr is not True:
+                    new_dc_field.repr = default.repr
+                dc_fields[field_name] = new_dc_field
+
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        for fields, original_fields in original_fields_list:
+            for field_name, original_field in original_fields.items():
+                fields[field_name] = original_field
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24ad2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,873 @@
+"""Logic related to validators applied to models etc. via the `@field_validator` and `@model_validator` decorators."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import types
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from copy import copy
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import cached_property, partial, partialmethod
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature, isdatadescriptor, ismethoddescriptor
+from itertools import islice
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, PydanticUndefinedType, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, is_typeddict
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ._core_utils import get_type_ref
+from ._internal_dataclass import slots_true
+from ._namespace_utils import GlobalsNamespace, MappingNamespace
+from ._typing_extra import get_function_type_hints, signature_no_eval
+from ._utils import can_be_positional
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+    from ..functional_validators import FieldValidatorModes
+    from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class ValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@validator'.
+        fields: A tuple of field names the validator should be called on.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+        each_item: For complex objects (sets, lists etc.) whether to validate individual
+            elements rather than the whole object.
+        always: Whether this method and other validators should be called even if the value is missing.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@validator'
+
+    fields: tuple[str, ...]
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after']
+    each_item: bool
+    always: bool
+    check_fields: bool | None
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@field_validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@field_validator'.
+        fields: A tuple of field names the validator should be called on.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type of the function. This is only used to generate
+            the appropriate JSON Schema (in validation mode) and can only specified
+            when `mode` is either `'before'`, `'plain'` or `'wrap'`.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@field_validator'
+
+    fields: tuple[str, ...]
+    mode: FieldValidatorModes
+    check_fields: bool | None
+    json_schema_input_type: Any
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class RootValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@root_validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@root_validator'.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@root_validator'
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after']
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@field_serializer` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@field_serializer'.
+        fields: A tuple of field names the serializer should be called on.
+        mode: The proposed serializer mode.
+        return_type: The type of the serializer's return value.
+        when_used: The serialization condition. Accepts a string with values `'always'`, `'unless-none'`, `'json'`,
+            and `'json-unless-none'`.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@field_serializer'
+    fields: tuple[str, ...]
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']
+    return_type: Any
+    when_used: core_schema.WhenUsed
+    check_fields: bool | None
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@model_serializer` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@model_serializer'.
+        mode: The proposed serializer mode.
+        return_type: The type of the serializer's return value.
+        when_used: The serialization condition. Accepts a string with values `'always'`, `'unless-none'`, `'json'`,
+            and `'json-unless-none'`.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@model_serializer'
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']
+    return_type: Any
+    when_used: core_schema.WhenUsed
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@model_validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@model_validator'.
+        mode: The proposed serializer mode.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@model_validator'
+    mode: Literal['wrap', 'before', 'after']
+
+
+DecoratorInfo: TypeAlias = """Union[
+    ValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    RootValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    ComputedFieldInfo,
+]"""
+
+ReturnType = TypeVar('ReturnType')
+DecoratedType: TypeAlias = (
+    'Union[classmethod[Any, Any, ReturnType], staticmethod[Any, ReturnType], Callable[..., ReturnType], property]'
+)
+
+
+@dataclass  # can't use slots here since we set attributes on `__post_init__`
+class PydanticDescriptorProxy(Generic[ReturnType]):
+    """Wrap a classmethod, staticmethod, property or unbound function
+    and act as a descriptor that allows us to detect decorated items
+    from the class' attributes.
+
+    This class' __get__ returns the wrapped item's __get__ result,
+    which makes it transparent for classmethods and staticmethods.
+
+    Attributes:
+        wrapped: The decorator that has to be wrapped.
+        decorator_info: The decorator info.
+        shim: A wrapper function to wrap V1 style function.
+    """
+
+    wrapped: DecoratedType[ReturnType]
+    decorator_info: DecoratorInfo
+    shim: Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]] | None = None
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        for attr in 'setter', 'deleter':
+            if hasattr(self.wrapped, attr):
+                f = partial(self._call_wrapped_attr, name=attr)
+                setattr(self, attr, f)
+
+    def _call_wrapped_attr(self, func: Callable[[Any], None], *, name: str) -> PydanticDescriptorProxy[ReturnType]:
+        self.wrapped = getattr(self.wrapped, name)(func)
+        if isinstance(self.wrapped, property):
+            # update ComputedFieldInfo.wrapped_property
+            from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+
+            if isinstance(self.decorator_info, ComputedFieldInfo):
+                self.decorator_info.wrapped_property = self.wrapped
+        return self
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: object | None, obj_type: type[object] | None = None) -> PydanticDescriptorProxy[ReturnType]:
+        try:
+            return self.wrapped.__get__(obj, obj_type)  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        except AttributeError:
+            # not a descriptor, e.g. a partial object
+            return self.wrapped  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def __set_name__(self, instance: Any, name: str) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self.wrapped, '__set_name__'):
+            self.wrapped.__set_name__(instance, name)  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str, /) -> Any:
+        """Forward checks for __isabstractmethod__ and such."""
+        return getattr(self.wrapped, name)
+
+
+DecoratorInfoType = TypeVar('DecoratorInfoType', bound=DecoratorInfo)
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class Decorator(Generic[DecoratorInfoType]):
+    """A generic container class to join together the decorator metadata
+    (metadata from decorator itself, which we have when the
+    decorator is called but not when we are building the core-schema)
+    and the bound function (which we have after the class itself is created).
+
+    Attributes:
+        cls_ref: The class ref.
+        cls_var_name: The decorated function name.
+        func: The decorated function.
+        shim: A wrapper function to wrap V1 style function.
+        info: The decorator info.
+    """
+
+    cls_ref: str
+    cls_var_name: str
+    func: Callable[..., Any]
+    shim: Callable[[Any], Any] | None
+    info: DecoratorInfoType
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build(
+        cls_: Any,
+        *,
+        cls_var_name: str,
+        shim: Callable[[Any], Any] | None,
+        info: DecoratorInfoType,
+    ) -> Decorator[DecoratorInfoType]:
+        """Build a new decorator.
+
+        Args:
+            cls_: The class.
+            cls_var_name: The decorated function name.
+            shim: A wrapper function to wrap V1 style function.
+            info: The decorator info.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new decorator instance.
+        """
+        func = get_attribute_from_bases(cls_, cls_var_name)
+        if shim is not None:
+            func = shim(func)
+        func = unwrap_wrapped_function(func, unwrap_partial=False)
+        if not callable(func):
+            # TODO most likely this branch can be removed when we drop support for Python 3.12:
+            # This branch will get hit for classmethod properties
+            attribute = get_attribute_from_base_dicts(cls_, cls_var_name)  # prevents the binding call to `__get__`
+            if isinstance(attribute, PydanticDescriptorProxy):
+                func = unwrap_wrapped_function(attribute.wrapped)
+        return Decorator(
+            cls_ref=get_type_ref(cls_),
+            cls_var_name=cls_var_name,
+            func=func,
+            shim=shim,
+            info=info,
+        )
+
+    def bind_to_cls(self, cls: Any) -> Decorator[DecoratorInfoType]:
+        """Bind the decorator to a class.
+
+        Args:
+            cls: the class.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new decorator instance.
+        """
+        return self.build(
+            cls,
+            cls_var_name=self.cls_var_name,
+            shim=self.shim,
+            info=copy(self.info),
+        )
+
+
+def get_bases(tp: type[Any]) -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    """Get the base classes of a class or typeddict.
+
+    Args:
+        tp: The type or class to get the bases.
+
+    Returns:
+        The base classes.
+    """
+    if is_typeddict(tp):
+        return tp.__orig_bases__  # type: ignore
+    try:
+        return tp.__bases__
+    except AttributeError:
+        return ()
+
+
+def mro(tp: type[Any]) -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    """Calculate the Method Resolution Order of bases using the C3 algorithm.
+
+    See https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/
+    """
+    # try to use the existing mro, for performance mainly
+    # but also because it helps verify the implementation below
+    if not is_typeddict(tp):
+        try:
+            return tp.__mro__
+        except AttributeError:
+            # GenericAlias and some other cases
+            pass
+
+    bases = get_bases(tp)
+    return (tp,) + mro_for_bases(bases)
+
+
+def mro_for_bases(bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    def merge_seqs(seqs: list[deque[type[Any]]]) -> Iterable[type[Any]]:
+        while True:
+            non_empty = [seq for seq in seqs if seq]
+            if not non_empty:
+                # Nothing left to process, we're done.
+                return
+            candidate: type[Any] | None = None
+            for seq in non_empty:  # Find merge candidates among seq heads.
+                candidate = seq[0]
+                not_head = [s for s in non_empty if candidate in islice(s, 1, None)]
+                if not_head:
+                    # Reject the candidate.
+                    candidate = None
+                else:
+                    break
+            if not candidate:
+                raise TypeError('Inconsistent hierarchy, no C3 MRO is possible')
+            yield candidate
+            for seq in non_empty:
+                # Remove candidate.
+                if seq[0] == candidate:
+                    seq.popleft()
+
+    seqs = [deque(mro(base)) for base in bases] + [deque(bases)]
+    return tuple(merge_seqs(seqs))
+
+
+_sentinel = object()
+
+
+def get_attribute_from_bases(tp: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...], name: str) -> Any:
+    """Get the attribute from the next class in the MRO that has it,
+    aiming to simulate calling the method on the actual class.
+
+    The reason for iterating over the mro instead of just getting
+    the attribute (which would do that for us) is to support TypedDict,
+    which lacks a real __mro__, but can have a virtual one constructed
+    from its bases (as done here).
+
+    Args:
+        tp: The type or class to search for the attribute. If a tuple, this is treated as a set of base classes.
+        name: The name of the attribute to retrieve.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: The attribute value, if found.
+
+    Raises:
+        AttributeError: If the attribute is not found in any class in the MRO.
+    """
+    if isinstance(tp, tuple):
+        for base in mro_for_bases(tp):
+            attribute = base.__dict__.get(name, _sentinel)
+            if attribute is not _sentinel:
+                attribute_get = getattr(attribute, '__get__', None)
+                if attribute_get is not None:
+                    return attribute_get(None, tp)
+                return attribute
+        raise AttributeError(f'{name} not found in {tp}')
+    else:
+        try:
+            return getattr(tp, name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return get_attribute_from_bases(mro(tp), name)
+
+
+def get_attribute_from_base_dicts(tp: type[Any], name: str) -> Any:
+    """Get an attribute out of the `__dict__` following the MRO.
+    This prevents the call to `__get__` on the descriptor, and allows
+    us to get the original function for classmethod properties.
+
+    Args:
+        tp: The type or class to search for the attribute.
+        name: The name of the attribute to retrieve.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: The attribute value, if found.
+
+    Raises:
+        KeyError: If the attribute is not found in any class's `__dict__` in the MRO.
+    """
+    for base in reversed(mro(tp)):
+        if name in base.__dict__:
+            return base.__dict__[name]
+    return tp.__dict__[name]  # raise the error
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class DecoratorInfos:
+    """Mapping of name in the class namespace to decorator info.
+
+    note that the name in the class namespace is the function or attribute name
+    not the field name!
+    """
+
+    validators: dict[str, Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    field_validators: dict[str, Decorator[FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    root_validators: dict[str, Decorator[RootValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    field_serializers: dict[str, Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    model_serializers: dict[str, Decorator[ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    model_validators: dict[str, Decorator[ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    computed_fields: dict[str, Decorator[ComputedFieldInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        typ: type[Any],
+        # Default to `True` for backwards compatibility:
+        replace_wrapped_methods: bool = True,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a `DecoratorInfos` instance for the given model, dataclass or `TypedDict` type.
+
+        Decorators from parent classes are included, including "bare" classes (e.g. if `typ`
+        is a Pydantic model, non Pydantic parent model classes are also taken into account).
+        The collection of the decorators happens by respecting the MRO.
+
+        If one of the bases has an `__pydantic_decorators__` attribute set, it is assumed to be
+        a `DecoratorInfos` instance and is used as-is. The `__pydantic_decorators__` attribute
+        is *not* being set on the provided `typ`.
+
+        Args:
+            typ: The model, dataclass or `TypedDict` type to use when building the `DecoratorInfos` instance.
+            replace_wrapped_methods: Whether to replace the decorator's wrapped methods on `typ`.
+                This is useful e.g. for field validators which are initially class methods. This should
+                only be set to `True` if `typ` is a Pydantic model or dataclass (otherwise this results
+                in mutations of classes Pydantic doesn't "own").
+        """
+        # reminder: dicts are ordered and replacement does not alter the order
+        res = cls()
+        # Iterate over the bases, without the actual `typ`.
+        # `1:-1` because we don't need to include `object`/`TypedDict`:
+        for base in reversed(mro(typ)[1:-1]):
+            existing: DecoratorInfos | None = base.__dict__.get('__pydantic_decorators__')
+            if existing is None:
+                existing, _ = _decorator_infos_for_class(base, collect_to_replace=False)
+            res.validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.validators.items()})
+            res.field_validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.field_validators.items()})
+            res.root_validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.root_validators.items()})
+            res.field_serializers.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.field_serializers.items()})
+            res.model_serializers.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.model_serializers.items()})
+            res.model_validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.model_validators.items()})
+            res.computed_fields.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.computed_fields.items()})
+
+        decorator_infos, to_replace = _decorator_infos_for_class(typ, collect_to_replace=True)
+
+        res.validators.update(decorator_infos.validators)
+        res.field_validators.update(decorator_infos.field_validators)
+        res.root_validators.update(decorator_infos.root_validators)
+        res.field_serializers.update(decorator_infos.field_serializers)
+        res.model_serializers.update(decorator_infos.model_serializers)
+        res.model_validators.update(decorator_infos.model_validators)
+        res.computed_fields.update(decorator_infos.computed_fields)
+
+        if replace_wrapped_methods and to_replace:
+            for name, value in to_replace:
+                setattr(typ, name, value)
+
+        res._validate()
+        return res
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        seen: set[str] = set()
+        for field_ser in self.field_serializers.values():
+            for f_name in field_ser.info.fields:
+                if f_name in seen:
+                    raise PydanticUserError(
+                        f'Multiple field serializer functions were defined for field {f_name!r}, this is not allowed.',
+                        code='multiple-field-serializers',
+                    )
+                seen.add(f_name)
+
+    def update_from_config(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper) -> None:
+        """Update the decorator infos from the configuration of the class they are attached to."""
+        for name, computed_field_dec in self.computed_fields.items():
+            computed_field_dec.info._update_from_config(config_wrapper, name)
+
+
+def _decorator_infos_for_class(
+    typ: type[Any],
+    *,
+    collect_to_replace: bool,
+) -> tuple[DecoratorInfos, list[tuple[str, Any]]]:
+    """Collect a `DecoratorInfos` for class, without looking into bases."""
+    res = DecoratorInfos()
+    to_replace: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+
+    for var_name, var_value in vars(typ).items():
+        if isinstance(var_value, PydanticDescriptorProxy):
+            info = var_value.decorator_info
+            if isinstance(info, ValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info)
+            elif isinstance(info, FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.field_validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, RootValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.root_validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo):
+                res.field_serializers[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.model_validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo):
+                res.model_serializers[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            else:
+                from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+
+                isinstance(var_value, ComputedFieldInfo)
+                res.computed_fields[var_name] = Decorator.build(typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=None, info=info)
+            if collect_to_replace:
+                to_replace.append((var_name, var_value.wrapped))
+
+    return res, to_replace
+
+
+def inspect_validator(
+    validator: Callable[..., Any], *, mode: FieldValidatorModes, type: Literal['field', 'model']
+) -> bool:
+    """Look at a field or model validator function and determine whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: The validator function to inspect.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+        type: The type of validator, either 'field' or 'model'.
+
+    Returns:
+        Whether the validator takes an info argument.
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = signature_no_eval(validator)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no info argument is present:
+        return False
+    n_positional = count_positional_required_params(sig)
+    if mode == 'wrap':
+        if n_positional == 3:
+            return True
+        elif n_positional == 2:
+            return False
+    else:
+        assert mode in {'before', 'after', 'plain'}, f"invalid mode: {mode!r}, expected 'before', 'after' or 'plain"
+        if n_positional == 2:
+            return True
+        elif n_positional == 1:
+            return False
+
+    raise PydanticUserError(
+        f'Unrecognized {type} validator function signature for {validator} with `mode={mode}`: {sig}',
+        code='validator-signature',
+    )
+
+
+def inspect_field_serializer(serializer: Callable[..., Any], mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
+    """Look at a field serializer function and determine if it is a field serializer,
+    and whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        serializer: The serializer function to inspect.
+        mode: The serializer mode, either 'plain' or 'wrap'.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_field_serializer, info_arg).
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = signature_no_eval(serializer)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no info argument is present and this is not a method:
+        return (False, False)
+
+    first = next(iter(sig.parameters.values()), None)
+    is_field_serializer = first is not None and first.name == 'self'
+
+    n_positional = count_positional_required_params(sig)
+    if is_field_serializer:
+        # -1 to correct for self parameter
+        info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, n_positional - 1)
+    else:
+        info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, n_positional)
+
+    if info_arg is None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unrecognized field_serializer function signature for {serializer} with `mode={mode}`:{sig}',
+            code='field-serializer-signature',
+        )
+
+    return is_field_serializer, info_arg
+
+
+def inspect_annotated_serializer(serializer: Callable[..., Any], mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']) -> bool:
+    """Look at a serializer function used via `Annotated` and determine whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        serializer: The serializer function to check.
+        mode: The serializer mode, either 'plain' or 'wrap'.
+
+    Returns:
+        info_arg
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = signature_no_eval(serializer)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no info argument is present:
+        return False
+    info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, count_positional_required_params(sig))
+    if info_arg is None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unrecognized field_serializer function signature for {serializer} with `mode={mode}`:{sig}',
+            code='field-serializer-signature',
+        )
+    else:
+        return info_arg
+
+
+def inspect_model_serializer(serializer: Callable[..., Any], mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']) -> bool:
+    """Look at a model serializer function and determine whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        serializer: The serializer function to check.
+        mode: The serializer mode, either 'plain' or 'wrap'.
+
+    Returns:
+        `info_arg` - whether the function expects an info argument.
+    """
+    if isinstance(serializer, (staticmethod, classmethod)) or not is_instance_method_from_sig(serializer):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            '`@model_serializer` must be applied to instance methods', code='model-serializer-instance-method'
+        )
+
+    sig = signature_no_eval(serializer)
+    info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, count_positional_required_params(sig))
+    if info_arg is None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unrecognized model_serializer function signature for {serializer} with `mode={mode}`:{sig}',
+            code='model-serializer-signature',
+        )
+    else:
+        return info_arg
+
+
+def _serializer_info_arg(mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap'], n_positional: int) -> bool | None:
+    if mode == 'plain':
+        if n_positional == 1:
+            # (input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+            return False
+        elif n_positional == 2:
+            # (model: Any, input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+            return True
+    else:
+        assert mode == 'wrap', f"invalid mode: {mode!r}, expected 'plain' or 'wrap'"
+        if n_positional == 2:
+            # (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+            return False
+        elif n_positional == 3:
+            # (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+            return True
+
+    return None
+
+
+AnyDecoratorCallable: TypeAlias = (
+    'Union[classmethod[Any, Any, Any], staticmethod[Any, Any], partialmethod[Any], Callable[..., Any]]'
+)
+
+
+def is_instance_method_from_sig(function: AnyDecoratorCallable) -> bool:
+    """Whether the function is an instance method.
+
+    It will consider a function as instance method if the first parameter of
+    function is `self`.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the function is an instance method, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    sig = signature_no_eval(unwrap_wrapped_function(function))
+    first = next(iter(sig.parameters.values()), None)
+    if first and first.name == 'self':
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(function: AnyDecoratorCallable) -> Any:
+    """Apply the `@classmethod` decorator on the function.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to apply the decorator on.
+
+    Return:
+        The `@classmethod` decorator applied function.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(
+        unwrap_wrapped_function(function, unwrap_class_static_method=False), classmethod
+    ) and _is_classmethod_from_sig(function):
+        return classmethod(function)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    return function
+
+
+def _is_classmethod_from_sig(function: AnyDecoratorCallable) -> bool:
+    sig = signature_no_eval(unwrap_wrapped_function(function))
+    first = next(iter(sig.parameters.values()), None)
+    if first and first.name == 'cls':
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def unwrap_wrapped_function(
+    func: Any,
+    *,
+    unwrap_partial: bool = True,
+    unwrap_class_static_method: bool = True,
+) -> Any:
+    """Recursively unwraps a wrapped function until the underlying function is reached.
+    This handles property, functools.partial, functools.partialmethod, staticmethod, and classmethod.
+
+    Args:
+        func: The function to unwrap.
+        unwrap_partial: If True (default), unwrap partial and partialmethod decorators.
+        unwrap_class_static_method: If True (default), also unwrap classmethod and staticmethod
+            decorators. If False, only unwrap partial and partialmethod decorators.
+
+    Returns:
+        The underlying function of the wrapped function.
+    """
+    # Define the types we want to check against as a single tuple.
+    unwrap_types = (
+        (property, cached_property)
+        + ((partial, partialmethod) if unwrap_partial else ())
+        + ((staticmethod, classmethod) if unwrap_class_static_method else ())
+    )
+
+    while isinstance(func, unwrap_types):
+        if unwrap_class_static_method and isinstance(func, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+            func = func.__func__
+        elif isinstance(func, (partial, partialmethod)):
+            func = func.func
+        elif isinstance(func, property):
+            func = func.fget  # arbitrary choice, convenient for computed fields
+        else:
+            # Make coverage happy as it can only get here in the last possible case
+            assert isinstance(func, cached_property)
+            func = func.func  # type: ignore
+
+    return func
+
+
+_function_like = (
+    partial,
+    partialmethod,
+    types.FunctionType,
+    types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+    types.MethodType,
+    types.WrapperDescriptorType,
+    types.MethodWrapperType,
+    types.MemberDescriptorType,
+)
+
+
+def get_callable_return_type(
+    callable_obj: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> Any | PydanticUndefinedType:
+    """Get the callable return type.
+
+    Args:
+        callable_obj: The callable to analyze.
+        globalns: The globals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+        localns: The locals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+
+    Returns:
+        The function return type.
+    """
+    if isinstance(callable_obj, type):
+        # types are callables, and we assume the return type
+        # is the type itself (e.g. `int()` results in an instance of `int`).
+        return callable_obj
+
+    if not isinstance(callable_obj, _function_like):
+        call_func = getattr(type(callable_obj), '__call__', None)  # noqa: B004
+        if call_func is not None:
+            callable_obj = call_func
+
+    hints = get_function_type_hints(
+        unwrap_wrapped_function(callable_obj),
+        include_keys={'return'},
+        globalns=globalns,
+        localns=localns,
+    )
+    return hints.get('return', PydanticUndefined)
+
+
+def count_positional_required_params(sig: Signature) -> int:
+    """Get the number of positional (required) arguments of a signature.
+
+    This function should only be used to inspect signatures of validation and serialization functions.
+    The first argument (the value being serialized or validated) is counted as a required argument
+    even if a default value exists.
+
+    Returns:
+        The number of positional arguments of a signature.
+    """
+    parameters = list(sig.parameters.values())
+    return sum(
+        1
+        for param in parameters
+        if can_be_positional(param)
+        # First argument is the value being validated/serialized, and can have a default value
+        # (e.g. `float`, which has signature `(x=0, /)`). We assume other parameters (the info arg
+        # for instance) should be required, and thus without any default value.
+        and (param.default is Parameter.empty or param is parameters[0])
+    )
+
+
+def ensure_property(f: Any) -> Any:
+    """Ensure that a function is a `property` or `cached_property`, or is a valid descriptor.
+
+    Args:
+        f: The function to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        The function, or a `property` or `cached_property` instance wrapping the function.
+    """
+    if ismethoddescriptor(f) or isdatadescriptor(f):
+        return f
+    else:
+        return property(f)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators_v1.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators_v1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3427377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators_v1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Logic for V1 validators, e.g. `@validator` and `@root_validator`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from inspect import Parameter, signature
+from typing import Any, Union, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Protocol
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ._utils import can_be_positional
+
+
+class V1OnlyValueValidator(Protocol):
+    """A simple validator, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithValues(Protocol):
+    """A validator with `values` argument, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnly(Protocol):
+    """A validator with keyword only `values` argument, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, *, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithKwargs(Protocol):
+    """A validator with `kwargs` argument, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargs(Protocol):
+    """A validator with `values` and `kwargs` arguments, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, values: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+
+V1Validator = Union[
+    V1ValidatorWithValues, V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnly, V1ValidatorWithKwargs, V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargs
+]
+
+
+def can_be_keyword(param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    return param.kind in (Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY)
+
+
+def make_generic_v1_field_validator(validator: V1Validator) -> core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction:
+    """Wrap a V1 style field validator for V2 compatibility.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: The V1 style field validator.
+
+    Returns:
+        A wrapped V2 style field validator.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError: If the signature is not supported or the parameters are
+            not available in Pydantic V2.
+    """
+    sig = signature(validator)
+
+    needs_values_kw = False
+
+    for param_num, (param_name, parameter) in enumerate(sig.parameters.items()):
+        if can_be_keyword(parameter) and param_name in ('field', 'config'):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'The `field` and `config` parameters are not available in Pydantic V2, '
+                'please use the `info` parameter instead.',
+                code='validator-field-config-info',
+            )
+        if parameter.kind is Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            needs_values_kw = True
+        elif can_be_keyword(parameter) and param_name == 'values':
+            needs_values_kw = True
+        elif can_be_positional(parameter) and param_num == 0:
+            # value
+            continue
+        elif parameter.default is Parameter.empty:  # ignore params with defaults e.g. bound by functools.partial
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Unsupported signature for V1 style validator {validator}: {sig} is not supported.',
+                code='validator-v1-signature',
+            )
+
+    if needs_values_kw:
+        # (v, **kwargs), (v, values, **kwargs), (v, *, values, **kwargs) or (v, *, values)
+        val1 = cast(V1ValidatorWithValues, validator)
+
+        def wrapper1(value: Any, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Any:
+            return val1(value, values=info.data)
+
+        return wrapper1
+    else:
+        val2 = cast(V1OnlyValueValidator, validator)
+
+        def wrapper2(value: Any, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Any:
+            return val2(value)
+
+        return wrapper2
+
+
+RootValidatorValues = dict[str, Any]
+# technically tuple[model_dict, model_extra, fields_set] | tuple[dataclass_dict, init_vars]
+RootValidatorFieldsTuple = tuple[Any, ...]
+
+
+class V1RootValidatorFunction(Protocol):
+    """A simple root validator, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __values: RootValidatorValues) -> RootValidatorValues: ...
+
+
+class V2CoreBeforeRootValidator(Protocol):
+    """V2 validator with mode='before'."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __values: RootValidatorValues, __info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> RootValidatorValues: ...
+
+
+class V2CoreAfterRootValidator(Protocol):
+    """V2 validator with mode='after'."""
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, __fields_tuple: RootValidatorFieldsTuple, __info: core_schema.ValidationInfo
+    ) -> RootValidatorFieldsTuple: ...
+
+
+def make_v1_generic_root_validator(
+    validator: V1RootValidatorFunction, pre: bool
+) -> V2CoreBeforeRootValidator | V2CoreAfterRootValidator:
+    """Wrap a V1 style root validator for V2 compatibility.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: The V1 style field validator.
+        pre: Whether the validator is a pre validator.
+
+    Returns:
+        A wrapped V2 style validator.
+    """
+    if pre is True:
+        # mode='before' for pydantic-core
+        def _wrapper1(values: RootValidatorValues, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> RootValidatorValues:
+            return validator(values)
+
+        return _wrapper1
+
+    # mode='after' for pydantic-core
+    def _wrapper2(fields_tuple: RootValidatorFieldsTuple, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> RootValidatorFieldsTuple:
+        if len(fields_tuple) == 2:
+            # dataclass, this is easy
+            values, init_vars = fields_tuple
+            values = validator(values)
+            return values, init_vars
+        else:
+            # ugly hack: to match v1 behaviour, we merge values and model_extra, then split them up based on fields
+            # afterwards
+            model_dict, model_extra, fields_set = fields_tuple
+            if model_extra:
+                fields = set(model_dict.keys())
+                model_dict.update(model_extra)
+                model_dict_new = validator(model_dict)
+                for k in list(model_dict_new.keys()):
+                    if k not in fields:
+                        model_extra[k] = model_dict_new.pop(k)
+            else:
+                model_dict_new = validator(model_dict)
+            return model_dict_new, model_extra, fields_set
+
+    return _wrapper2
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_discriminated_union.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_discriminated_union.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc52f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_discriminated_union.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Hashable, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, core_schema
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from . import _core_utils
+from ._core_utils import (
+    CoreSchemaField,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..types import Discriminator
+    from ._core_metadata import CoreMetadata
+
+
+class MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(Exception):
+    """Raised when applying a discriminated union discriminator to a schema
+    requires a definition that is not yet defined
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ref: str) -> None:
+        self.ref = ref
+        super().__init__(f'Missing definition for ref {self.ref!r}')
+
+
+def set_discriminator_in_metadata(schema: CoreSchema, discriminator: Any) -> None:
+    metadata = cast('CoreMetadata', schema.setdefault('metadata', {}))
+    metadata['pydantic_internal_union_discriminator'] = discriminator
+
+
+def apply_discriminator(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    discriminator: str | Discriminator,
+    definitions: dict[str, core_schema.CoreSchema] | None = None,
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Applies the discriminator and returns a new core schema.
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The input schema.
+        discriminator: The name of the field which will serve as the discriminator.
+        definitions: A mapping of schema ref to schema.
+
+    Returns:
+        The new core schema.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError:
+            - If `discriminator` is used with invalid union variant.
+            - If `discriminator` is used with `Union` type with one variant.
+            - If `discriminator` value mapped to multiple choices.
+        MissingDefinitionForUnionRef:
+            If the definition for ref is missing.
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If a model in union doesn't have a discriminator field.
+            - If discriminator field has a non-string alias.
+            - If discriminator fields have different aliases.
+            - If discriminator field not of type `Literal`.
+    """
+    from ..types import Discriminator
+
+    if isinstance(discriminator, Discriminator):
+        if isinstance(discriminator.discriminator, str):
+            discriminator = discriminator.discriminator
+        else:
+            return discriminator._convert_schema(schema)
+
+    return _ApplyInferredDiscriminator(discriminator, definitions or {}).apply(schema)
+
+
+class _ApplyInferredDiscriminator:
+    """This class is used to convert an input schema containing a union schema into one where that union is
+    replaced with a tagged-union, with all the associated debugging and performance benefits.
+
+    This is done by:
+    * Validating that the input schema is compatible with the provided discriminator
+    * Introspecting the schema to determine which discriminator values should map to which union choices
+    * Handling various edge cases such as 'definitions', 'default', 'nullable' schemas, and more
+
+    I have chosen to implement the conversion algorithm in this class, rather than a function,
+    to make it easier to maintain state while recursively walking the provided CoreSchema.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, discriminator: str, definitions: dict[str, core_schema.CoreSchema]):
+        # `discriminator` should be the name of the field which will serve as the discriminator.
+        # It must be the python name of the field, and *not* the field's alias. Note that as of now,
+        # all members of a discriminated union _must_ use a field with the same name as the discriminator.
+        # This may change if/when we expose a way to manually specify the TaggedUnionSchema's choices.
+        self.discriminator = discriminator
+
+        # `definitions` should contain a mapping of schema ref to schema for all schemas which might
+        # be referenced by some choice
+        self.definitions = definitions
+
+        # `_discriminator_alias` will hold the value, if present, of the alias for the discriminator
+        #
+        # Note: following the v1 implementation, we currently disallow the use of different aliases
+        # for different choices. This is not a limitation of pydantic_core, but if we try to handle
+        # this, the inference logic gets complicated very quickly, and could result in confusing
+        # debugging challenges for users making subtle mistakes.
+        #
+        # Rather than trying to do the most powerful inference possible, I think we should eventually
+        # expose a way to more-manually control the way the TaggedUnionSchema is constructed through
+        # the use of a new type which would be placed as an Annotation on the Union type. This would
+        # provide the full flexibility/power of pydantic_core's TaggedUnionSchema where necessary for
+        # more complex cases, without over-complicating the inference logic for the common cases.
+        self._discriminator_alias: str | None = None
+
+        # `_should_be_nullable` indicates whether the converted union has `None` as an allowed value.
+        # If `None` is an acceptable value of the (possibly-wrapped) union, we ignore it while
+        # constructing the TaggedUnionSchema, but set the `_should_be_nullable` attribute to True.
+        # Once we have constructed the TaggedUnionSchema, if `_should_be_nullable` is True, we ensure
+        # that the final schema gets wrapped as a NullableSchema. This has the same semantics on the
+        # python side, but resolves the issue that `None` cannot correspond to any discriminator values.
+        self._should_be_nullable = False
+
+        # `_is_nullable` is used to track if the final produced schema will definitely be nullable;
+        # we set it to True if the input schema is wrapped in a nullable schema that we know will be preserved
+        # as an indication that, even if None is discovered as one of the union choices, we will not need to wrap
+        # the final value in another nullable schema.
+        #
+        # This is more complicated than just checking for the final outermost schema having type 'nullable' thanks
+        # to the possible presence of other wrapper schemas such as DefinitionsSchema, WithDefaultSchema, etc.
+        self._is_nullable = False
+
+        # `_choices_to_handle` serves as a stack of choices to add to the tagged union. Initially, choices
+        # from the union in the wrapped schema will be appended to this list, and the recursive choice-handling
+        # algorithm may add more choices to this stack as (nested) unions are encountered.
+        self._choices_to_handle: list[core_schema.CoreSchema] = []
+
+        # `_tagged_union_choices` is built during the call to `apply`, and will hold the choices to be included
+        # in the output TaggedUnionSchema that will replace the union from the input schema
+        self._tagged_union_choices: dict[Hashable, core_schema.CoreSchema] = {}
+
+        # `_used` is changed to True after applying the discriminator to prevent accidental reuse
+        self._used = False
+
+    def apply(self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Return a new CoreSchema based on `schema` that uses a tagged-union with the discriminator provided
+        to this class.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The input schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new core schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError:
+                - If `discriminator` is used with invalid union variant.
+                - If `discriminator` is used with `Union` type with one variant.
+                - If `discriminator` value mapped to multiple choices.
+            ValueError:
+                If the definition for ref is missing.
+            PydanticUserError:
+                - If a model in union doesn't have a discriminator field.
+                - If discriminator field has a non-string alias.
+                - If discriminator fields have different aliases.
+                - If discriminator field not of type `Literal`.
+        """
+        assert not self._used
+        schema = self._apply_to_root(schema)
+        if self._should_be_nullable and not self._is_nullable:
+            schema = core_schema.nullable_schema(schema)
+        self._used = True
+        return schema
+
+    def _apply_to_root(self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """This method handles the outer-most stage of recursion over the input schema:
+        unwrapping nullable or definitions schemas, and calling the `_handle_choice`
+        method iteratively on the choices extracted (recursively) from the possibly-wrapped union.
+        """
+        if schema['type'] == 'nullable':
+            self._is_nullable = True
+            wrapped = self._apply_to_root(schema['schema'])
+            nullable_wrapper = schema.copy()
+            nullable_wrapper['schema'] = wrapped
+            return nullable_wrapper
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+            wrapped = self._apply_to_root(schema['schema'])
+            definitions_wrapper = schema.copy()
+            definitions_wrapper['schema'] = wrapped
+            return definitions_wrapper
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            schema_ref = schema['schema_ref']
+            if schema_ref not in self.definitions:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(schema_ref)
+
+            def_schema = self.definitions[schema_ref]
+            # If using a referenceable union as discriminated (e.g. `type Pet = Cat | Dog; field: Pet = Field(discriminator=...)`):
+            if def_schema['type'] == 'union':
+                schema = def_schema.copy()
+                schema.pop('ref')
+
+        if schema['type'] != 'union':
+            # If the schema is not a union, it probably means it just had a single member and
+            # was flattened by pydantic_core.
+            # However, it still may make sense to apply the discriminator to this schema,
+            # as a way to get discriminated-union-style error messages, so we allow this here.
+            schema = core_schema.union_schema([schema])
+
+        # Reverse the choices list before extending the stack so that they get handled in the order they occur
+        choices_schemas = [v[0] if isinstance(v, tuple) else v for v in schema['choices'][::-1]]
+        self._choices_to_handle.extend(choices_schemas)
+        while self._choices_to_handle:
+            choice = self._choices_to_handle.pop()
+            self._handle_choice(choice)
+
+        if self._discriminator_alias is not None and self._discriminator_alias != self.discriminator:
+            # * We need to annotate `discriminator` as a union here to handle both branches of this conditional
+            # * We need to annotate `discriminator` as list[list[str | int]] and not list[list[str]] due to the
+            #   invariance of list, and because list[list[str | int]] is the type of the discriminator argument
+            #   to tagged_union_schema below
+            # * See the docstring of pydantic_core.core_schema.tagged_union_schema for more details about how to
+            #   interpret the value of the discriminator argument to tagged_union_schema. (The list[list[str]] here
+            #   is the appropriate way to provide a list of fallback attributes to check for a discriminator value.)
+            discriminator: str | list[list[str | int]] = [[self.discriminator], [self._discriminator_alias]]
+        else:
+            discriminator = self.discriminator
+        return core_schema.tagged_union_schema(
+            choices=self._tagged_union_choices,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            custom_error_type=schema.get('custom_error_type'),
+            custom_error_message=schema.get('custom_error_message'),
+            custom_error_context=schema.get('custom_error_context'),
+            strict=False,
+            from_attributes=True,
+            ref=schema.get('ref'),
+            metadata=schema.get('metadata'),
+            serialization=schema.get('serialization'),
+        )
+
+    def _handle_choice(self, choice: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> None:
+        """This method handles the "middle" stage of recursion over the input schema.
+        Specifically, it is responsible for handling each choice of the outermost union
+        (and any "coalesced" choices obtained from inner unions).
+
+        Here, "handling" entails:
+        * Coalescing nested unions and compatible tagged-unions
+        * Tracking the presence of 'none' and 'nullable' schemas occurring as choices
+        * Validating that each allowed discriminator value maps to a unique choice
+        * Updating the _tagged_union_choices mapping that will ultimately be used to build the TaggedUnionSchema.
+        """
+        if choice['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            if choice['schema_ref'] not in self.definitions:
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(choice['schema_ref'])
+
+        if choice['type'] == 'none':
+            self._should_be_nullable = True
+        elif choice['type'] == 'definitions':
+            self._handle_choice(choice['schema'])
+        elif choice['type'] == 'nullable':
+            self._should_be_nullable = True
+            self._handle_choice(choice['schema'])  # unwrap the nullable schema
+        elif choice['type'] == 'union':
+            # Reverse the choices list before extending the stack so that they get handled in the order they occur
+            choices_schemas = [v[0] if isinstance(v, tuple) else v for v in choice['choices'][::-1]]
+            self._choices_to_handle.extend(choices_schemas)
+        elif choice['type'] not in {
+            'model',
+            'typed-dict',
+            'tagged-union',
+            'lax-or-strict',
+            'dataclass',
+            'dataclass-args',
+            'definition-ref',
+        } and not _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(choice):
+            # We should eventually handle 'definition-ref' as well
+            err_str = f'The core schema type {choice["type"]!r} is not a valid discriminated union variant.'
+            if choice['type'] == 'list':
+                err_str += (
+                    ' If you are making use of a list of union types, make sure the discriminator is applied to the '
+                    'union type and not the list (e.g. `list[Annotated[<T> | <U>, Field(discriminator=...)]]`).'
+                )
+            raise TypeError(err_str)
+        else:
+            if choice['type'] == 'tagged-union' and self._is_discriminator_shared(choice):
+                # In this case, this inner tagged-union is compatible with the outer tagged-union,
+                # and its choices can be coalesced into the outer TaggedUnionSchema.
+                subchoices = [x for x in choice['choices'].values() if not isinstance(x, (str, int))]
+                # Reverse the choices list before extending the stack so that they get handled in the order they occur
+                self._choices_to_handle.extend(subchoices[::-1])
+                return
+
+            inferred_discriminator_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice, source_name=None)
+            self._set_unique_choice_for_values(choice, inferred_discriminator_values)
+
+    def _is_discriminator_shared(self, choice: core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema) -> bool:
+        """This method returns a boolean indicating whether the discriminator for the `choice`
+        is the same as that being used for the outermost tagged union. This is used to
+        determine whether this TaggedUnionSchema choice should be "coalesced" into the top level,
+        or whether it should be treated as a separate (nested) choice.
+        """
+        inner_discriminator = choice['discriminator']
+        return inner_discriminator == self.discriminator or (
+            isinstance(inner_discriminator, list)
+            and (self.discriminator in inner_discriminator or [self.discriminator] in inner_discriminator)
+        )
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(  # noqa C901
+        self, choice: core_schema.CoreSchema, source_name: str | None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        """This function recurses over `choice`, extracting all discriminator values that should map to this choice.
+
+        `model_name` is accepted for the purpose of producing useful error messages.
+        """
+        if choice['type'] == 'definitions':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(choice):
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'lax-or-strict':
+            return sorted(
+                set(
+                    self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['lax_schema'], source_name=None)
+                    + self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['strict_schema'], source_name=None)
+                )
+            )
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'tagged-union':
+            values: list[str | int] = []
+            # Ignore str/int "choices" since these are just references to other choices
+            subchoices = [x for x in choice['choices'].values() if not isinstance(x, (str, int))]
+            for subchoice in subchoices:
+                subchoice_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(subchoice, source_name=None)
+                values.extend(subchoice_values)
+            return values
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'union':
+            values = []
+            for subchoice in choice['choices']:
+                subchoice_schema = subchoice[0] if isinstance(subchoice, tuple) else subchoice
+                subchoice_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(subchoice_schema, source_name=None)
+                values.extend(subchoice_values)
+            return values
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'nullable':
+            self._should_be_nullable = True
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=None)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'model':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=choice['cls'].__name__)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'dataclass':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=choice['cls'].__name__)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'model-fields':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_model_choice(choice, source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'dataclass-args':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_dataclass_choice(choice, source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'typed-dict':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_typed_dict_choice(choice, source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            schema_ref = choice['schema_ref']
+            if schema_ref not in self.definitions:
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(schema_ref)
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(self.definitions[schema_ref], source_name=source_name)
+        else:
+            err_str = f'The core schema type {choice["type"]!r} is not a valid discriminated union variant.'
+            if choice['type'] == 'list':
+                err_str += (
+                    ' If you are making use of a list of union types, make sure the discriminator is applied to the '
+                    'union type and not the list (e.g. `list[Annotated[<T> | <U>, Field(discriminator=...)]]`).'
+                )
+            raise TypeError(err_str)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_typed_dict_choice(
+        self, choice: core_schema.TypedDictSchema, source_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        """This method just extracts the _infer_discriminator_values_for_choice logic specific to TypedDictSchema
+        for the sake of readability.
+        """
+        source = 'TypedDict' if source_name is None else f'TypedDict {source_name!r}'
+        field = choice['fields'].get(self.discriminator)
+        if field is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs a discriminator field for key {self.discriminator!r}', code='discriminator-no-field'
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_field(field, source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_model_choice(
+        self, choice: core_schema.ModelFieldsSchema, source_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        source = 'ModelFields' if source_name is None else f'Model {source_name!r}'
+        field = choice['fields'].get(self.discriminator)
+        if field is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs a discriminator field for key {self.discriminator!r}', code='discriminator-no-field'
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_field(field, source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_dataclass_choice(
+        self, choice: core_schema.DataclassArgsSchema, source_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        source = 'DataclassArgs' if source_name is None else f'Dataclass {source_name!r}'
+        for field in choice['fields']:
+            if field['name'] == self.discriminator:
+                break
+        else:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs a discriminator field for key {self.discriminator!r}', code='discriminator-no-field'
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_field(field, source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_field(self, field: CoreSchemaField, source: str) -> list[str | int]:
+        if field['type'] == 'computed-field':
+            # This should never occur as a discriminator, as it is only relevant to serialization
+            return []
+        alias = field.get('validation_alias', self.discriminator)
+        if not isinstance(alias, str):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Alias {alias!r} is not supported in a discriminated union', code='discriminator-alias-type'
+            )
+        if self._discriminator_alias is None:
+            self._discriminator_alias = alias
+        elif self._discriminator_alias != alias:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Aliases for discriminator {self.discriminator!r} must be the same '
+                f'(got {alias}, {self._discriminator_alias})',
+                code='discriminator-alias',
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(field['schema'], source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(
+        self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, source: str
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        """When inferring discriminator values for a field, we typically extract the expected values from a literal
+        schema. This function does that, but also handles nested unions and defaults.
+        """
+        if schema['type'] == 'literal':
+            return schema['expected']
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'union':
+            # Generally when multiple values are allowed they should be placed in a single `Literal`, but
+            # we add this case to handle the situation where a field is annotated as a `Union` of `Literal`s.
+            # For example, this lets us handle `Union[Literal['key'], Union[Literal['Key'], Literal['KEY']]]`
+            values: list[Any] = []
+            for choice in schema['choices']:
+                choice_schema = choice[0] if isinstance(choice, tuple) else choice
+                choice_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(choice_schema, source)
+                values.extend(choice_values)
+            return values
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'default':
+            # This will happen if the field has a default value; we ignore it while extracting the discriminator values
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(schema['schema'], source)
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'function-after':
+            # After validators don't affect the discriminator values
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(schema['schema'], source)
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'model' and schema.get('root_model'):
+            # Support RootModel[Literal[...]] as discriminator field type
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(schema['schema'], source)
+
+        elif schema['type'] in {'function-before', 'function-wrap', 'function-plain'}:
+            validator_type = repr(schema['type'].split('-')[1])
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Cannot use a mode={validator_type} validator in the'
+                f' discriminator field {self.discriminator!r} of {source}',
+                code='discriminator-validator',
+            )
+
+        else:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs field {self.discriminator!r} to be of type `Literal`',
+                code='discriminator-needs-literal',
+            )
+
+    def _set_unique_choice_for_values(self, choice: core_schema.CoreSchema, values: Sequence[str | int]) -> None:
+        """This method updates `self.tagged_union_choices` so that all provided (discriminator) `values` map to the
+        provided `choice`, validating that none of these values already map to another (different) choice.
+        """
+        for discriminator_value in values:
+            if discriminator_value in self._tagged_union_choices:
+                # It is okay if `value` is already in tagged_union_choices as long as it maps to the same value.
+                # Because tagged_union_choices may map values to other values, we need to walk the choices dict
+                # until we get to a "real" choice, and confirm that is equal to the one assigned.
+                existing_choice = self._tagged_union_choices[discriminator_value]
+                if existing_choice != choice:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f'Value {discriminator_value!r} for discriminator '
+                        f'{self.discriminator!r} mapped to multiple choices'
+                    )
+            else:
+                self._tagged_union_choices[discriminator_value] = choice
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_docs_extraction.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_docs_extraction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df77bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_docs_extraction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""Utilities related to attribute docstring extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import inspect
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class DocstringVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.target: str | None = None
+        self.attrs: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.previous_node_type: type[ast.AST] | None = None
+
+    def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> Any:
+        node_result = super().visit(node)
+        self.previous_node_type = type(node)
+        return node_result
+
+    def visit_AnnAssign(self, node: ast.AnnAssign) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(node.target, ast.Name):
+            self.target = node.target.id
+
+    def visit_Expr(self, node: ast.Expr) -> Any:
+        if (
+            isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant)
+            and isinstance(node.value.value, str)
+            and self.previous_node_type is ast.AnnAssign
+        ):
+            docstring = inspect.cleandoc(node.value.value)
+            if self.target:
+                self.attrs[self.target] = docstring
+            self.target = None
+
+
+def _dedent_source_lines(source: list[str]) -> str:
+    # Required for nested class definitions, e.g. in a function block
+    dedent_source = textwrap.dedent(''.join(source))
+    if dedent_source.startswith((' ', '\t')):
+        # We are in the case where there's a dedented (usually multiline) string
+        # at a lower indentation level than the class itself. We wrap our class
+        # in a function as a workaround.
+        dedent_source = f'def dedent_workaround():\n{dedent_source}'
+    return dedent_source
+
+
+def _extract_source_from_frame(cls: type[Any]) -> list[str] | None:
+    frame = inspect.currentframe()
+
+    while frame:
+        if inspect.getmodule(frame) is inspect.getmodule(cls):
+            lnum = frame.f_lineno
+            try:
+                lines, _ = inspect.findsource(frame)
+            except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # Source can't be retrieved (maybe because running in an interactive terminal),
+                # we don't want to error here.
+                pass
+            else:
+                block_lines = inspect.getblock(lines[lnum - 1 :])
+                dedent_source = _dedent_source_lines(block_lines)
+                try:
+                    block_tree = ast.parse(dedent_source)
+                except SyntaxError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    stmt = block_tree.body[0]
+                    if isinstance(stmt, ast.FunctionDef) and stmt.name == 'dedent_workaround':
+                        # `_dedent_source_lines` wrapped the class around the workaround function
+                        stmt = stmt.body[0]
+                    if isinstance(stmt, ast.ClassDef) and stmt.name == cls.__name__:
+                        return block_lines
+
+        frame = frame.f_back
+
+
+def extract_docstrings_from_cls(cls: type[Any], use_inspect: bool = False) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Map model attributes and their corresponding docstring.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class of the Pydantic model to inspect.
+        use_inspect: Whether to skip usage of frames to find the object and use
+            the `inspect` module instead.
+
+    Returns:
+        A mapping containing attribute names and their corresponding docstring.
+    """
+    if use_inspect or sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # On Python < 3.13, `inspect.getsourcelines()` might not work as expected
+        # if two classes have the same name in the same source file.
+        # On Python 3.13+, it will use the new `__firstlineno__` class attribute,
+        # making it way more robust.
+        try:
+            source, _ = inspect.getsourcelines(cls)
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return {}
+    else:
+        # TODO remove this implementation when we drop support for Python 3.12:
+        source = _extract_source_from_frame(cls)
+
+    if not source:
+        return {}
+
+    dedent_source = _dedent_source_lines(source)
+
+    visitor = DocstringVisitor()
+    visitor.visit(ast.parse(dedent_source))
+    return visitor.attrs
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_fields.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a2a96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+"""Private logic related to fields (the `Field()` function and `FieldInfo` class), and arguments to `Annotated`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from functools import cache
+from inspect import Parameter, ismethoddescriptor
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import TypeIs
+from typing_inspection.introspection import AnnotationSource
+
+from pydantic import PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticUserError
+
+from ..aliases import AliasGenerator
+from . import _generics, _typing_extra
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+from ._docs_extraction import extract_docstrings_from_cls
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model, import_cached_field_info
+from ._internal_dataclass import slots_true
+from ._namespace_utils import NsResolver
+from ._repr import Representation
+from ._utils import can_be_positional, get_first_not_none
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from annotated_types import BaseMetadata
+
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass, StandardDataclass
+    from ._decorators import DecoratorInfos
+
+
+class PydanticMetadata(Representation):
+    """Base class for annotation markers like `Strict`."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**slots_true)  # TODO: make kw_only when we drop support for 3.9.
+class PydanticExtraInfo:
+    # TODO: make use of PEP 747:
+    annotation: Any
+    complete: bool
+
+
+def pydantic_general_metadata(**metadata: Any) -> BaseMetadata:
+    """Create a new `_PydanticGeneralMetadata` class with the given metadata.
+
+    Args:
+        **metadata: The metadata to add.
+
+    Returns:
+        The new `_PydanticGeneralMetadata` class.
+    """
+    return _general_metadata_cls()(metadata)  # type: ignore
+
+
+@cache
+def _general_metadata_cls() -> type[BaseMetadata]:
+    """Do it this way to avoid importing `annotated_types` at import time."""
+    from annotated_types import BaseMetadata
+
+    class _PydanticGeneralMetadata(PydanticMetadata, BaseMetadata):
+        """Pydantic general metadata like `max_digits`."""
+
+        def __init__(self, metadata: Any):
+            self.__dict__ = metadata
+
+    return _PydanticGeneralMetadata  # type: ignore
+
+
+def _check_protected_namespaces(
+    protected_namespaces: tuple[str | Pattern[str], ...],
+    ann_name: str,
+    bases: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+    cls_name: str,
+) -> None:
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    for protected_namespace in protected_namespaces:
+        ns_violation = False
+        if isinstance(protected_namespace, Pattern):
+            ns_violation = protected_namespace.match(ann_name) is not None
+        elif isinstance(protected_namespace, str):
+            ns_violation = ann_name.startswith(protected_namespace)
+
+        if ns_violation:
+            for b in bases:
+                if hasattr(b, ann_name):
+                    if not (issubclass(b, BaseModel) and ann_name in getattr(b, '__pydantic_fields__', {})):
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f'Field {ann_name!r} conflicts with member {getattr(b, ann_name)}'
+                            f' of protected namespace {protected_namespace!r}.'
+                        )
+            else:
+                valid_namespaces: list[str] = []
+                for pn in protected_namespaces:
+                    if isinstance(pn, Pattern):
+                        if not pn.match(ann_name):
+                            valid_namespaces.append(f're.compile({pn.pattern!r})')
+                    else:
+                        if not ann_name.startswith(pn):
+                            valid_namespaces.append(f"'{pn}'")
+
+                valid_namespaces_str = f'({", ".join(valid_namespaces)}{",)" if len(valid_namespaces) == 1 else ")"}'
+
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Field {ann_name!r} in {cls_name!r} conflicts with protected namespace {protected_namespace!r}.\n\n'
+                    f"You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to {valid_namespaces_str}.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=5,
+                )
+
+
+def _update_fields_from_docstrings(cls: type[Any], fields: dict[str, FieldInfo], use_inspect: bool = False) -> None:
+    fields_docs = extract_docstrings_from_cls(cls, use_inspect=use_inspect)
+    for ann_name, field_info in fields.items():
+        if field_info.description is None and ann_name in fields_docs:
+            field_info.description = fields_docs[ann_name]
+
+
+def _apply_field_title_generator_to_field_info(
+    title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str],
+    field_name: str,
+    field_info: FieldInfo,
+):
+    if field_info.title is None:
+        title = title_generator(field_name, field_info)
+        if not isinstance(title, str):
+            raise TypeError(f'field_title_generator {title_generator} must return str, not {title.__class__}')
+
+        field_info.title = title
+
+
+def _apply_alias_generator_to_field_info(
+    alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator, field_name: str, field_info: FieldInfo
+):
+    """Apply an alias generator to aliases on a `FieldInfo` instance if appropriate.
+
+    Args:
+        alias_generator: A callable that takes a string and returns a string, or an `AliasGenerator` instance.
+        field_name: The name of the field from which to generate the alias.
+        field_info: The `FieldInfo` instance to which the alias generator is (maybe) applied.
+    """
+    # Apply an alias_generator if
+    # 1. An alias is not specified
+    # 2. An alias is specified, but the priority is <= 1
+    if (
+        field_info.alias_priority is None
+        or field_info.alias_priority <= 1
+        or field_info.alias is None
+        or field_info.validation_alias is None
+        or field_info.serialization_alias is None
+    ):
+        alias, validation_alias, serialization_alias = None, None, None
+
+        if isinstance(alias_generator, AliasGenerator):
+            alias, validation_alias, serialization_alias = alias_generator.generate_aliases(field_name)
+        elif callable(alias_generator):
+            alias = alias_generator(field_name)
+            if not isinstance(alias, str):
+                raise TypeError(f'alias_generator {alias_generator} must return str, not {alias.__class__}')
+
+        # if priority is not set, we set to 1
+        # which supports the case where the alias_generator from a child class is used
+        # to generate an alias for a field in a parent class
+        if field_info.alias_priority is None or field_info.alias_priority <= 1:
+            field_info.alias_priority = 1
+
+        # if the priority is 1, then we set the aliases to the generated alias
+        if field_info.alias_priority == 1:
+            field_info.serialization_alias = get_first_not_none(serialization_alias, alias)
+            field_info.validation_alias = get_first_not_none(validation_alias, alias)
+            field_info.alias = alias
+
+        # if any of the aliases are not set, then we set them to the corresponding generated alias
+        if field_info.alias is None:
+            field_info.alias = alias
+        if field_info.serialization_alias is None:
+            field_info.serialization_alias = get_first_not_none(serialization_alias, alias)
+        if field_info.validation_alias is None:
+            field_info.validation_alias = get_first_not_none(validation_alias, alias)
+
+
+def update_field_from_config(config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper, field_name: str, field_info: FieldInfo) -> None:
+    """Update the `FieldInfo` instance from the configuration set on the model it belongs to.
+
+    This will apply the title and alias generators from the configuration.
+
+    Args:
+        config_wrapper: The configuration from the model.
+        field_name: The field name the `FieldInfo` instance is attached to.
+        field_info: The `FieldInfo` instance to update.
+    """
+    field_title_generator = field_info.field_title_generator or config_wrapper.field_title_generator
+    if field_title_generator is not None:
+        _apply_field_title_generator_to_field_info(field_title_generator, field_name, field_info)
+    if config_wrapper.alias_generator is not None:
+        _apply_alias_generator_to_field_info(config_wrapper.alias_generator, field_name, field_info)
+
+
+_deprecated_method_names = {'dict', 'json', 'copy', '_iter', '_copy_and_set_values', '_calculate_keys'}
+
+_deprecated_classmethod_names = {
+    'parse_obj',
+    'parse_raw',
+    'parse_file',
+    'from_orm',
+    'construct',
+    'schema',
+    'schema_json',
+    'validate',
+    'update_forward_refs',
+    '_get_value',
+}
+
+
+def collect_model_fields(  # noqa: C901
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    *,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, FieldInfo], PydanticExtraInfo | None, set[str]]:
+    """Collect the fields and class variables names of a nascent Pydantic model.
+
+    The fields collection process is *lenient*, meaning it won't error if string annotations
+    fail to evaluate. If this happens, the original annotation (and assigned value, if any)
+    is stored on the created `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+    The `rebuild_model_fields()` should be called at a later point (e.g. when rebuilding the model),
+    and will make use of these stored attributes.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: BaseModel or dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting model annotations.
+        typevars_map: A dictionary mapping type variables to their concrete types.
+
+    Returns:
+        A three-tuple containing the model fields, the `PydanticExtraInfo` instance if the `__pydantic_extra__` annotation is set,
+        and class variables names.
+
+    Raises:
+        NameError:
+            - If there is a conflict between a field name and protected namespaces.
+            - If there is a field other than `root` in `RootModel`.
+            - If a field shadows an attribute in the parent model.
+    """
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+    BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    bases = cls.__bases__
+    parent_fields_lookup: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    for base in reversed(bases):
+        if model_fields := getattr(base, '__pydantic_fields__', None):
+            parent_fields_lookup.update(model_fields)
+
+    type_hints = _typing_extra.get_model_type_hints(cls, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+    # `cls_annotations` is only used to determine if an annotation comes from a parent class
+    cls_annotations = _typing_extra.safe_get_annotations(cls)
+
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+
+    class_vars: set[str] = set()
+    for ann_name, (ann_type, evaluated) in type_hints.items():
+        if ann_name == 'model_config':
+            # We never want to treat `model_config` as a field
+            # Note: we may need to change this logic if/when we introduce a `BareModel` class with no
+            # protected namespaces (where `model_config` might be allowed as a field name)
+            continue
+
+        _check_protected_namespaces(
+            protected_namespaces=config_wrapper.protected_namespaces,
+            ann_name=ann_name,
+            bases=bases,
+            cls_name=cls.__name__,
+        )
+
+        if _typing_extra.is_classvar_annotation(ann_type):
+            class_vars.add(ann_name)
+            continue
+
+        assigned_value = getattr(cls, ann_name, PydanticUndefined)
+        if assigned_value is not PydanticUndefined and (
+            # One of the deprecated instance methods was used as a field name (e.g. `dict()`):
+            any(getattr(BaseModel_, depr_name, None) is assigned_value for depr_name in _deprecated_method_names)
+            # One of the deprecated class methods was used as a field name (e.g. `schema()`):
+            or (
+                hasattr(assigned_value, '__func__')
+                and any(
+                    getattr(getattr(BaseModel_, depr_name, None), '__func__', None) is assigned_value.__func__  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                    for depr_name in _deprecated_classmethod_names
+                )
+            )
+        ):
+            # Then `assigned_value` would be the method, even though no default was specified:
+            assigned_value = PydanticUndefined
+
+        if not is_valid_field_name(ann_name):
+            continue
+        if cls.__pydantic_root_model__ and ann_name != 'root':
+            raise NameError(
+                f"Unexpected field with name {ann_name!r}; only 'root' is allowed as a field of a `RootModel`"
+            )
+
+        for base in bases:
+            if hasattr(base, ann_name):
+                if ann_name not in cls_annotations:
+                    # Don't warn when a field exists in a parent class but has not been defined in the current class
+                    continue
+
+                # when building a generic model with `MyModel[int]`, the generic_origin check makes sure we don't get
+                # "... shadows an attribute" warnings
+                generic_origin = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', {}).get('origin')
+                if base is generic_origin:
+                    # Don't warn when "shadowing" of attributes in parametrized generics
+                    continue
+
+                dataclass_fields = {
+                    field.name for field in (dataclasses.fields(base) if dataclasses.is_dataclass(base) else ())
+                }
+                if ann_name in dataclass_fields:
+                    # Don't warn when inheriting stdlib dataclasses whose fields are "shadowed" by defaults being set
+                    # on the class instance.
+                    continue
+
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Field name "{ann_name}" in "{cls.__qualname__}" shadows an attribute in parent '
+                    f'"{base.__qualname__}"',
+                    UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=4,
+                )
+
+        if assigned_value is PydanticUndefined:  # no assignment, just a plain annotation
+            if ann_name in cls_annotations or ann_name not in parent_fields_lookup:
+                # field is either:
+                # - present in the current model's annotations (and *not* from parent classes)
+                # - not found on any base classes; this seems to be caused by fields not getting
+                #   generated due to models not being fully defined while initializing recursive models.
+                #   Nothing stops us from just creating a `FieldInfo` for this type hint, so we do this.
+                field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotation(ann_type, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+                field_info._original_annotation = ann_type
+                if not evaluated:
+                    field_info._complete = False
+                    # Store the original annotation that should be used to rebuild
+                    # the field info later:
+            else:
+                # The field was present on one of the (possibly multiple) base classes, we make a copy directly from it.
+                parent_field_info = parent_fields_lookup[ann_name]._copy()
+
+                # The only case where substituting the type variables is relevant (i.e. when `typevars_map` is not empty)
+                # is when a generic class is parameterized (e.g. `MyGenericModel[int, str]`), which creates a new class object
+                # (unlike the stdlib genercis that create a generic alias). In this case, we are guaranteed to only have to copy
+                # from the origin/parent model (e.g. `MyGenericModel`).
+                if typevars_map:
+                    field_info = _recreate_field_info(
+                        parent_field_info, ns_resolver=ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map, lenient=True
+                    )
+                else:
+                    field_info = parent_field_info
+
+        else:  # An assigned value is present (either the default value, or a `Field()` function)
+            if isinstance(assigned_value, FieldInfo_) and ismethoddescriptor(assigned_value.default):
+                # `assigned_value` was fetched using `getattr`, which triggers a call to `__get__`
+                # for descriptors, so we do the same if the `= field(default=...)` form is used.
+                # Note that we only do this for method descriptors for now, we might want to
+                # extend this to any descriptor in the future (by simply checking for
+                # `hasattr(assigned_value.default, '__get__')`).
+                default = assigned_value.default.__get__(None, cls)
+                assigned_value.default = default
+                assigned_value._attributes_set['default'] = default
+
+            field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(ann_type, assigned_value, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+
+            # Store the original annotation and assignment value that could be used to rebuild the field info later.
+            field_info._original_assignment = assigned_value
+            field_info._original_annotation = ann_type
+            if not evaluated:
+                field_info._complete = False
+            elif 'final' in field_info._qualifiers and not field_info.is_required():
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Annotation {ann_name!r} is marked as final and has a default value. Pydantic treats {ann_name!r} as a '
+                    'class variable, but it will be considered as a normal field in V3 to be aligned with dataclasses. If you '
+                    f'still want {ann_name!r} to be considered as a class variable, annotate it as: `ClassVar[<type>] = <default>.`',
+                    category=PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+                    # Incorrect when `create_model` is used, but the chance that final with a default is used is low in that case:
+                    stacklevel=4,
+                )
+                class_vars.add(ann_name)
+                continue
+
+            # attributes which are fields are removed from the class namespace:
+            # 1. To match the behaviour of annotation-only fields
+            # 2. To avoid false positives in the NameError check above
+            try:
+                delattr(cls, ann_name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass  # indicates the attribute was on a parent class
+
+        # Use cls.__dict__['__pydantic_decorators__'] instead of cls.__pydantic_decorators__
+        # to make sure the decorators have already been built for this exact class
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos = cls.__dict__['__pydantic_decorators__']
+        if ann_name in decorators.computed_fields:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Field {ann_name!r} of class {cls.__name__!r} overrides symbol of same name in a parent class. '
+                'This override with a computed_field is incompatible.'
+            )
+        fields[ann_name] = field_info
+
+        if field_info._complete:
+            # If not complete, this will be called in `rebuild_model_fields()`:
+            update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, ann_name, field_info)
+
+    if config_wrapper.use_attribute_docstrings:
+        _update_fields_from_docstrings(cls, fields)
+
+    pydantic_extra_info: PydanticExtraInfo | None = None
+    if '__pydantic_extra__' in type_hints:
+        ann, complete = type_hints['__pydantic_extra__']
+        pydantic_extra_info = PydanticExtraInfo(
+            annotation=ann,
+            complete=complete,
+        )
+
+    return fields, pydantic_extra_info, class_vars
+
+
+def rebuild_model_fields(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    *,
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any],
+) -> tuple[dict[str, FieldInfo], PydanticExtraInfo | None]:
+    """Rebuild the (already present) model fields by trying to reevaluate annotations.
+
+    This function should be called whenever a model with incomplete fields is encountered.
+
+    Returns:
+        A two-tuple, the first element being the rebuilt fields, the second element being
+        the rebuild `PydanticExtraInfo` instance, if available.
+
+    Raises:
+        NameError: If one of the annotations failed to evaluate.
+
+    Note:
+        This function *doesn't* mutate the model fields in place, as it can be called during
+        schema generation, where you don't want to mutate other model's fields.
+    """
+    rebuilt_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    with ns_resolver.push(cls):
+        for f_name, field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+            if field_info._complete:
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = field_info
+            else:
+                new_field = _recreate_field_info(
+                    field_info, ns_resolver=ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map, lenient=False
+                )
+                update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, f_name, new_field)
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = new_field
+
+        if cls.__pydantic_extra_info__ is not None and not cls.__pydantic_extra_info__.complete:
+            rebuilt_extra_info = PydanticExtraInfo(
+                annotation=_typing_extra.eval_type(
+                    cls.__pydantic_extra_info__.annotation, *ns_resolver.types_namespace
+                ),
+                complete=True,
+            )
+        else:
+            rebuilt_extra_info = cls.__pydantic_extra_info__
+
+    return rebuilt_fields, rebuilt_extra_info
+
+
+def _recreate_field_info(
+    field_info: FieldInfo,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any],
+    *,
+    lenient: bool,
+) -> FieldInfo:
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    existing_desc = field_info.description
+    if lenient:
+        ann = _generics.replace_types(field_info._original_annotation, typevars_map)
+        ann, evaluated = _typing_extra.try_eval_type(
+            ann,
+            *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+        )
+    else:
+        # Not the best pattern, maybe we could ship our own `eval_type()`,
+        # that would replace the type variables on the fly during evaluation.
+        ann = _typing_extra.eval_type(
+            field_info._original_annotation,
+            *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+        )
+        ann = _generics.replace_types(ann, typevars_map)
+        ann = _typing_extra.eval_type(
+            ann,
+            *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+        )
+        evaluated = True
+
+    if (assign := field_info._original_assignment) is PydanticUndefined:
+        new_field = FieldInfo_.from_annotation(ann, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+    else:
+        new_field = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(ann, assign, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+        new_field._original_assignment = assign
+    new_field._original_annotation = ann
+    # The description might come from the docstring if `use_attribute_docstrings` was `True`:
+    new_field.description = new_field.description if new_field.description is not None else existing_desc
+    if not evaluated:
+        new_field._complete = False
+
+    return new_field
+
+
+def collect_dataclass_fields(
+    cls: type[StandardDataclass],
+    *,
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+    typevars_map: dict[Any, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+    """Collect the fields of a dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting dataclass annotations.
+            Defaults to an empty instance.
+        typevars_map: A dictionary mapping type variables to their concrete types.
+
+    Returns:
+        The dataclass fields.
+    """
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+    dataclass_fields = cls.__dataclass_fields__
+
+    # The logic here is similar to `_typing_extra.get_cls_type_hints`,
+    # although we do it manually as stdlib dataclasses already have annotations
+    # collected in each class:
+    for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
+        if not dataclasses.is_dataclass(base):
+            continue
+
+        with ns_resolver.push(base):
+            for ann_name, dataclass_field in dataclass_fields.items():
+                base_anns = _typing_extra.safe_get_annotations(base)
+
+                if ann_name not in base_anns:
+                    # `__dataclass_fields__`contains every field, even the ones from base classes.
+                    # Only collect the ones defined on `base`.
+                    continue
+
+                globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+                ann_type, evaluated = _typing_extra.try_eval_type(dataclass_field.type, globalns, localns)
+
+                if _typing_extra.is_classvar_annotation(ann_type):
+                    continue
+
+                if (
+                    not dataclass_field.init
+                    and dataclass_field.default is dataclasses.MISSING
+                    and dataclass_field.default_factory is dataclasses.MISSING
+                ):
+                    # TODO: We should probably do something with this so that validate_assignment behaves properly
+                    #   Issue: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5470
+                    continue
+
+                if isinstance(dataclass_field.default, FieldInfo_):
+                    if dataclass_field.default.init_var:
+                        if dataclass_field.default.init is False:
+                            raise PydanticUserError(
+                                f'Dataclass field {ann_name} has init=False and init_var=True, but these are mutually exclusive.',
+                                code='clashing-init-and-init-var',
+                            )
+
+                        # TODO: same note as above re validate_assignment
+                        continue
+                    field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(
+                        ann_type, dataclass_field.default, _source=AnnotationSource.DATACLASS
+                    )
+                    field_info._original_assignment = dataclass_field.default
+                else:
+                    field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(
+                        ann_type, dataclass_field, _source=AnnotationSource.DATACLASS
+                    )
+                    field_info._original_assignment = dataclass_field
+
+                if not evaluated:
+                    field_info._complete = False
+                    field_info._original_annotation = ann_type
+
+                fields[ann_name] = field_info
+                update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, ann_name, field_info)
+
+                if field_info.default is not PydanticUndefined and isinstance(
+                    getattr(cls, ann_name, field_info), FieldInfo_
+                ):
+                    # We need this to fix the default when the "default" from __dataclass_fields__ is a pydantic.FieldInfo
+                    setattr(cls, ann_name, field_info.default)
+
+    if typevars_map:
+        for field in fields.values():
+            # We don't pass any ns, as `field.annotation`
+            # was already evaluated. TODO: is this method relevant?
+            # Can't we juste use `_generics.replace_types`?
+            field.apply_typevars_map(typevars_map)
+
+    if config_wrapper.use_attribute_docstrings:
+        _update_fields_from_docstrings(
+            cls,
+            fields,
+            # We can't rely on the (more reliable) frame inspection method
+            # for stdlib dataclasses:
+            use_inspect=not hasattr(cls, '__is_pydantic_dataclass__'),
+        )
+
+    return fields
+
+
+def rebuild_dataclass_fields(
+    cls: type[PydanticDataclass],
+    *,
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any],
+) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+    """Rebuild the (already present) dataclass fields by trying to reevaluate annotations.
+
+    This function should be called whenever a dataclass with incomplete fields is encountered.
+
+    Raises:
+        NameError: If one of the annotations failed to evaluate.
+
+    Note:
+        This function *doesn't* mutate the dataclass fields in place, as it can be called during
+        schema generation, where you don't want to mutate other dataclass's fields.
+    """
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    rebuilt_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    with ns_resolver.push(cls):
+        for f_name, field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+            if field_info._complete:
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = field_info
+            else:
+                existing_desc = field_info.description
+                ann = _typing_extra.eval_type(
+                    field_info._original_annotation,
+                    *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+                )
+                ann = _generics.replace_types(ann, typevars_map)
+                new_field = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(
+                    ann,
+                    field_info._original_assignment,
+                    _source=AnnotationSource.DATACLASS,
+                )
+
+                # The description might come from the docstring if `use_attribute_docstrings` was `True`:
+                new_field.description = new_field.description if new_field.description is not None else existing_desc
+                update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, f_name, new_field)
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = new_field
+
+    return rebuilt_fields
+
+
+def is_valid_field_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return not name.startswith('_')
+
+
+def is_valid_privateattr_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return name.startswith('_') and not name.startswith('__')
+
+
+def takes_validated_data_argument(
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any],
+) -> TypeIs[Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any]]:
+    """Whether the provided default factory callable has a validated data parameter."""
+    try:
+        sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(default_factory)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no data argument is present:
+        return False
+
+    parameters = list(sig.parameters.values())
+
+    return len(parameters) == 1 and can_be_positional(parameters[0]) and parameters[0].default is Parameter.empty
+
+
+def resolve_default_value(
+    default: Any,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None,
+    *,
+    validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    call_default_factory: bool = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Resolve the default value using either a static default or a default_factory."""
+    from ._utils import smart_deepcopy
+
+    if default_factory is None:
+        return smart_deepcopy(default)
+    if call_default_factory:
+        if takes_validated_data_argument(default_factory=default_factory):
+            fac = cast('Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any]', default_factory)
+            if validated_data is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The default factory requires the 'validated_data' argument, which was not provided when calling 'get_default()'."
+                )
+            return fac(validated_data)
+        else:
+            fac = cast('Callable[[], Any]', default_factory)
+            return fac()
+
+    return PydanticUndefined
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_forward_ref.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_forward_ref.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..231f81d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_forward_ref.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Union
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PydanticRecursiveRef:
+    type_ref: str
+
+    __name__ = 'PydanticRecursiveRef'
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
+        """Defining __call__ is necessary for the `typing` module to let you use an instance of
+        this class as the result of resolving a standard ForwardRef.
+        """
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return Union[self, other]  # type: ignore
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return Union[other, self]  # type: ignore
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generate_schema.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generate_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98fae40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generate_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2934 @@
+"""Convert python types to pydantic-core schema."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+import inspect
+import os
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from copy import copy
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from fractions import Fraction
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import Parameter, _ParameterKind
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from itertools import chain
+from operator import attrgetter
+from types import FunctionType, GenericAlias, LambdaType, MethodType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Final,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import (
+    MISSING,
+    CoreSchema,
+    MultiHostUrl,
+    PydanticCustomError,
+    PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue,
+    PydanticUndefined,
+    Url,
+    core_schema,
+    to_jsonable_python,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeAliasType, get_args, get_origin, is_typeddict
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import AnnotationSource, get_literal_values, is_union_origin
+
+from ..aliases import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from ..annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from ..config import ConfigDict, JsonDict, JsonEncoder, JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+from ..errors import (
+    PydanticForbiddenQualifier,
+    PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema,
+    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
+    PydanticUndefinedAnnotation,
+    PydanticUserError,
+)
+from ..functional_validators import AfterValidator, BeforeValidator, FieldValidatorModes, PlainValidator, WrapValidator
+from ..json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from ..version import version_short
+from ..warnings import (
+    ArbitraryTypeWarning,
+    PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+    TypedDictExtraConfigWarning,
+    UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning,
+)
+from . import _decorators, _discriminated_union, _known_annotated_metadata, _repr, _typing_extra
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper, ConfigWrapperStack
+from ._core_metadata import CoreMetadata, update_core_metadata
+from ._core_utils import (
+    get_ref,
+    get_type_ref,
+    is_list_like_schema_with_items_schema,
+)
+from ._decorators import (
+    Decorator,
+    DecoratorInfos,
+    FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    RootValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    ValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    get_attribute_from_bases,
+    inspect_field_serializer,
+    inspect_model_serializer,
+    inspect_validator,
+)
+from ._docs_extraction import extract_docstrings_from_cls
+from ._fields import (
+    collect_dataclass_fields,
+    rebuild_dataclass_fields,
+    rebuild_model_fields,
+    takes_validated_data_argument,
+    update_field_from_config,
+)
+from ._forward_ref import PydanticRecursiveRef
+from ._generics import get_standard_typevars_map, replace_types
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model, import_cached_field_info
+from ._mock_val_ser import MockCoreSchema
+from ._namespace_utils import NamespacesTuple, NsResolver
+from ._schema_gather import MissingDefinitionError, gather_schemas_for_cleaning
+from ._schema_generation_shared import CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler
+from ._utils import lenient_issubclass, smart_deepcopy
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ..types import Discriminator
+    from ._dataclasses import StandardDataclass
+    from ._schema_generation_shared import GetJsonSchemaFunction
+
+_SUPPORTS_TYPEDDICT = sys.version_info >= (3, 12)
+
+FieldDecoratorInfo = Union[ValidatorDecoratorInfo, FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo, FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]
+FieldDecoratorInfoType = TypeVar('FieldDecoratorInfoType', bound=FieldDecoratorInfo)
+AnyFieldDecorator = Union[
+    Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo],
+    Decorator[FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo],
+    Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo],
+]
+
+ModifyCoreSchemaWrapHandler: TypeAlias = GetCoreSchemaHandler
+GetCoreSchemaFunction: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, ModifyCoreSchemaWrapHandler], core_schema.CoreSchema]
+ParametersCallback: TypeAlias = "Callable[[int, str, Any], Literal['skip'] | None]"
+
+TUPLE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Tuple, tuple]  # noqa: UP006
+LIST_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.List, list, collections.abc.MutableSequence]  # noqa: UP006
+SET_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Set, set, collections.abc.MutableSet]  # noqa: UP006
+FROZEN_SET_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.FrozenSet, frozenset, collections.abc.Set]  # noqa: UP006
+DICT_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Dict, dict]  # noqa: UP006
+IP_TYPES: list[type] = [IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network]
+SEQUENCE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Sequence, collections.abc.Sequence]
+ITERABLE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Iterable, collections.abc.Iterable, typing.Generator, collections.abc.Generator]
+TYPE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Type, type]  # noqa: UP006
+PATTERN_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Pattern, re.Pattern]
+PATH_TYPES: list[type] = [
+    os.PathLike,
+    pathlib.Path,
+    pathlib.PurePath,
+    pathlib.PosixPath,
+    pathlib.PurePosixPath,
+    pathlib.PureWindowsPath,
+]
+MAPPING_TYPES = [
+    typing.Mapping,
+    typing.MutableMapping,
+    collections.abc.Mapping,
+    collections.abc.MutableMapping,
+    collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing_extensions.OrderedDict,
+    typing.DefaultDict,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.defaultdict,
+]
+COUNTER_TYPES = [collections.Counter, typing.Counter]
+DEQUE_TYPES: list[type] = [collections.deque, typing.Deque]  # noqa: UP006
+
+# Note: This does not play very well with type checkers. For example,
+# `a: LambdaType = lambda x: x` will raise a type error by Pyright.
+ValidateCallSupportedTypes = Union[
+    LambdaType,
+    FunctionType,
+    MethodType,
+    partial,
+]
+
+VALIDATE_CALL_SUPPORTED_TYPES = get_args(ValidateCallSupportedTypes)
+UNSUPPORTED_STANDALONE_FIELDINFO_ATTRIBUTES: list[tuple[str, Any]] = [
+    ('alias', None),
+    ('validation_alias', None),
+    ('serialization_alias', None),
+    # will be set if any alias is set, so disable it to avoid double warnings:
+    # 'alias_priority',
+    ('default', PydanticUndefined),
+    ('default_factory', None),
+    ('exclude', None),
+    ('deprecated', None),
+    ('repr', True),
+    ('validate_default', None),
+    ('frozen', None),
+    ('init', None),
+    ('init_var', None),
+    ('kw_only', None),
+]
+"""`FieldInfo` attributes (and their default value) that can't be used outside of a model (e.g. in a type adapter or a PEP 695 type alias)."""
+
+_mode_to_validator: dict[
+    FieldValidatorModes, type[BeforeValidator | AfterValidator | PlainValidator | WrapValidator]
+] = {'before': BeforeValidator, 'after': AfterValidator, 'plain': PlainValidator, 'wrap': WrapValidator}
+
+
+def check_validator_fields_against_field_name(
+    info: FieldDecoratorInfo,
+    field: str,
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if field name is in validator fields.
+
+    Args:
+        info: The field info.
+        field: The field name to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if field name is in validator fields, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    fields = info.fields
+    return '*' in fields or field in fields
+
+
+def check_decorator_fields_exist(decorators: Iterable[AnyFieldDecorator], fields: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+    """Check if the defined fields in decorators exist in `fields` param.
+
+    It ignores the check for a decorator if the decorator has `*` as field or `check_fields=False`.
+
+    Args:
+        decorators: An iterable of decorators.
+        fields: An iterable of fields name.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError: If one of the field names does not exist in `fields` param.
+    """
+    fields = set(fields)
+    for dec in decorators:
+        if '*' in dec.info.fields:
+            continue
+        if dec.info.check_fields is False:
+            continue
+        for field in dec.info.fields:
+            if field not in fields:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Decorators defined with incorrect fields: {dec.cls_ref}.{dec.cls_var_name}'
+                    " (use check_fields=False if you're inheriting from the model and intended this)",
+                    code='decorator-missing-field',
+                )
+
+
+def filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(
+    validator_functions: Iterable[Decorator[FieldDecoratorInfoType]], field: str
+) -> list[Decorator[FieldDecoratorInfoType]]:
+    return [dec for dec in validator_functions if check_validator_fields_against_field_name(dec.info, field)]
+
+
+def apply_each_item_validators(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    each_item_validators: list[Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]],
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    # This V1 compatibility shim should eventually be removed
+
+    # fail early if each_item_validators is empty
+    if not each_item_validators:
+        return schema
+
+    # push down any `each_item=True` validators
+    # note that this won't work for any Annotated types that get wrapped by a function validator
+    # but that's okay because that didn't exist in V1
+    if schema['type'] == 'nullable':
+        schema['schema'] = apply_each_item_validators(schema['schema'], each_item_validators)
+        return schema
+    elif schema['type'] == 'tuple':
+        if (variadic_item_index := schema.get('variadic_item_index')) is not None:
+            schema['items_schema'][variadic_item_index] = apply_validators(
+                schema['items_schema'][variadic_item_index],
+                each_item_validators,
+            )
+    elif is_list_like_schema_with_items_schema(schema):
+        inner_schema = schema.get('items_schema', core_schema.any_schema())
+        schema['items_schema'] = apply_validators(inner_schema, each_item_validators)
+    elif schema['type'] == 'dict':
+        inner_schema = schema.get('values_schema', core_schema.any_schema())
+        schema['values_schema'] = apply_validators(inner_schema, each_item_validators)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f'`@validator(..., each_item=True)` cannot be applied to fields with a schema of {schema["type"]}'
+        )
+    return schema
+
+
+def _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(
+    info: FieldInfo | ComputedFieldInfo,
+) -> tuple[JsonDict | None, JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None]:
+    json_schema_updates = {
+        'title': info.title,
+        'description': info.description,
+        'deprecated': bool(info.deprecated) or info.deprecated == '' or None,
+        'examples': to_jsonable_python(info.examples),
+    }
+    json_schema_updates = {k: v for k, v in json_schema_updates.items() if v is not None}
+    return (json_schema_updates or None, info.json_schema_extra)
+
+
+JsonEncoders = dict[type[Any], JsonEncoder]
+
+
+def _add_custom_serialization_from_json_encoders(
+    json_encoders: JsonEncoders | None, tp: Any, schema: CoreSchema
+) -> CoreSchema:
+    """Iterate over the json_encoders and add the first matching encoder to the schema.
+
+    Args:
+        json_encoders: A dictionary of types and their encoder functions.
+        tp: The type to check for a matching encoder.
+        schema: The schema to add the encoder to.
+    """
+    if not json_encoders:
+        return schema
+    if 'serialization' in schema:
+        return schema
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    # Decimal.__class__.__mro__ (and probably other cases) doesn't include Decimal itself
+    # if the type is a GenericAlias (e.g. from list[int]) we need to use __class__ instead of .__mro__
+    for base in (tp, *getattr(tp, '__mro__', tp.__class__.__mro__)[:-1]):
+        encoder = json_encoders.get(base)
+        if encoder is None:
+            continue
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            f'`json_encoders` is deprecated. See https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/concepts/serialization/#custom-serializers for alternatives',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: in theory we should check that the schema accepts a serialization key
+        schema['serialization'] = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(encoder, when_used='json')
+        return schema
+
+    return schema
+
+
+GENERATE_SCHEMA_ERRORS = (
+    PydanticForbiddenQualifier,
+    PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema,
+    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
+    PydanticUndefinedAnnotation,
+)
+"""Errors raised during core schema generation. This does *not* include `InvalidSchemaError`, which is raised during schema cleaning."""
+
+
+class InvalidSchemaError(Exception):
+    """The core schema is invalid."""
+
+
+class GenerateSchema:
+    """Generate core schema for a Pydantic model, dataclass and types like `str`, `datetime`, ... ."""
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        '_config_wrapper_stack',
+        '_ns_resolver',
+        '_typevars_map',
+        'field_name_stack',
+        'model_type_stack',
+        'defs',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+        ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+        typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # we need a stack for recursing into nested models
+        self._config_wrapper_stack = ConfigWrapperStack(config_wrapper)
+        self._ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+        self._typevars_map = typevars_map
+        self.field_name_stack = _FieldNameStack()
+        self.model_type_stack = _ModelTypeStack()
+        self.defs = _Definitions()
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__()
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Subclassing `GenerateSchema` is not supported. The API is highly subject to change in minor versions.',
+            UserWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _config_wrapper(self) -> ConfigWrapper:
+        return self._config_wrapper_stack.tail
+
+    @property
+    def _types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        return self._ns_resolver.types_namespace
+
+    @property
+    def _arbitrary_types(self) -> bool:
+        return self._config_wrapper.arbitrary_types_allowed
+
+    # the following methods can be overridden but should be considered
+    # unstable / private APIs
+    def _list_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.list_schema(self.generate_schema(items_type))
+
+    def _dict_schema(self, keys_type: Any, values_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.dict_schema(self.generate_schema(keys_type), self.generate_schema(values_type))
+
+    def _set_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.set_schema(self.generate_schema(items_type))
+
+    def _frozenset_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.frozenset_schema(self.generate_schema(items_type))
+
+    def _enum_schema(self, enum_type: type[Enum]) -> CoreSchema:
+        cases: list[Any] = list(enum_type.__members__.values())
+
+        enum_ref = get_type_ref(enum_type)
+        description = None if not enum_type.__doc__ else inspect.cleandoc(enum_type.__doc__)
+        if (
+            description == 'An enumeration.'
+        ):  # This is the default value provided by enum.EnumMeta.__new__; don't use it
+            description = None
+        js_updates = {'title': enum_type.__name__, 'description': description}
+        js_updates = {k: v for k, v in js_updates.items() if v is not None}
+
+        sub_type: Literal['str', 'int', 'float'] | None = None
+        if issubclass(enum_type, int):
+            sub_type = 'int'
+            value_ser_type: core_schema.SerSchema = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('int')
+        elif issubclass(enum_type, str):
+            # this handles `StrEnum` (3.11 only), and also `Foobar(str, Enum)`
+            sub_type = 'str'
+            value_ser_type = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('str')
+        elif issubclass(enum_type, float):
+            sub_type = 'float'
+            value_ser_type = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('float')
+        else:
+            # TODO this is an ugly hack, how do we trigger an Any schema for serialization?
+            value_ser_type = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(lambda x: x)
+
+        if cases:
+
+            def get_json_schema(schema: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = handler(schema)
+                original_schema = handler.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+                original_schema.update(js_updates)
+                return json_schema
+
+            # we don't want to add the missing to the schema if it's the default one
+            default_missing = getattr(enum_type._missing_, '__func__', None) is Enum._missing_.__func__  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+            enum_schema = core_schema.enum_schema(
+                enum_type,
+                cases,
+                sub_type=sub_type,
+                missing=None if default_missing else enum_type._missing_,
+                ref=enum_ref,
+                metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [get_json_schema]},
+            )
+
+            if self._config_wrapper.use_enum_values:
+                enum_schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                    attrgetter('value'), enum_schema, serialization=value_ser_type
+                )
+
+            return enum_schema
+
+        else:
+
+            def get_json_schema_no_cases(_, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = handler(core_schema.enum_schema(enum_type, cases, sub_type=sub_type, ref=enum_ref))
+                original_schema = handler.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+                original_schema.update(js_updates)
+                return json_schema
+
+            # Use an isinstance check for enums with no cases.
+            # The most important use case for this is creating TypeVar bounds for generics that should
+            # be restricted to enums. This is more consistent than it might seem at first, since you can only
+            # subclass enum.Enum (or subclasses of enum.Enum) if all parent classes have no cases.
+            # We use the get_json_schema function when an Enum subclass has been declared with no cases
+            # so that we can still generate a valid json schema.
+            return core_schema.is_instance_schema(
+                enum_type,
+                metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [get_json_schema_no_cases]},
+            )
+
+    def _ip_schema(self, tp: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        from ._validators import IP_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP, IpType
+
+        ip_type_json_schema_format: dict[type[IpType], str] = {
+            IPv4Address: 'ipv4',
+            IPv4Network: 'ipv4network',
+            IPv4Interface: 'ipv4interface',
+            IPv6Address: 'ipv6',
+            IPv6Network: 'ipv6network',
+            IPv6Interface: 'ipv6interface',
+        }
+
+        def ser_ip(ip: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | IpType:
+            if not isinstance(ip, (tp, str)):
+                raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                    f"Expected `{tp}` but got `{type(ip)}` with value `'{ip}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+                )
+            if info.mode == 'python':
+                return ip
+            return str(ip)
+
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(IP_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP[tp]),
+            strict_schema=core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(tp, core_schema.str_schema()),
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(tp),
+            ),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(ser_ip, info_arg=True, when_used='always'),
+            metadata={
+                'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': ip_type_json_schema_format[tp]}]
+            },
+        )
+
+    def _path_schema(self, tp: Any, path_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        if tp is os.PathLike and (path_type not in {str, bytes} and not typing_objects.is_any(path_type)):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                '`os.PathLike` can only be used with `str`, `bytes` or `Any`', code='schema-for-unknown-type'
+            )
+
+        path_constructor = pathlib.PurePath if tp is os.PathLike else tp
+        strict_inner_schema = (
+            core_schema.bytes_schema(strict=True) if (path_type is bytes) else core_schema.str_schema(strict=True)
+        )
+        lax_inner_schema = core_schema.bytes_schema() if (path_type is bytes) else core_schema.str_schema()
+
+        def path_validator(input_value: str | bytes) -> os.PathLike[Any]:  # type: ignore
+            try:
+                if path_type is bytes:
+                    if isinstance(input_value, bytes):
+                        try:
+                            input_value = input_value.decode()
+                        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+                            raise PydanticCustomError('bytes_type', 'Input must be valid bytes') from e
+                    else:
+                        raise PydanticCustomError('bytes_type', 'Input must be bytes')
+                elif not isinstance(input_value, str):
+                    raise PydanticCustomError('path_type', 'Input is not a valid path')
+
+                return path_constructor(input_value)  # type: ignore
+            except TypeError as e:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('path_type', 'Input is not a valid path') from e
+
+        def ser_path(path: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | os.PathLike[Any]:
+            if not isinstance(path, (tp, str)):
+                raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                    f"Expected `{tp}` but got `{type(path)}` with value `'{path}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+                )
+            if info.mode == 'python':
+                return path
+            return str(path)
+
+        instance_schema = core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(path_validator, lax_inner_schema),
+            python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(tp),
+        )
+
+        schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                [
+                    instance_schema,
+                    core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(path_validator, strict_inner_schema),
+                ],
+                custom_error_type='path_type',
+                custom_error_message=f'Input is not a valid path for {tp}',
+            ),
+            strict_schema=instance_schema,
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(ser_path, info_arg=True, when_used='always'),
+            metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda source, handler: {**handler(source), 'format': 'path'}]},
+        )
+        return schema
+
+    def _deque_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        from ._serializers import serialize_sequence_via_list
+        from ._validators import deque_validator
+
+        item_type_schema = self.generate_schema(items_type)
+
+        # we have to use a lax list schema here, because we need to validate the deque's
+        # items via a list schema, but it's ok if the deque itself is not a list
+        list_schema = core_schema.list_schema(item_type_schema, strict=False)
+
+        check_instance = core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=list_schema,
+            python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(collections.deque, cls_repr='Deque'),
+        )
+
+        lax_schema = core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(deque_validator, list_schema)
+
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=lax_schema,
+            strict_schema=core_schema.chain_schema([check_instance, lax_schema]),
+            serialization=core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                serialize_sequence_via_list, schema=item_type_schema, info_arg=True
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def _mapping_schema(self, tp: Any, keys_type: Any, values_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        from ._validators import MAPPING_ORIGIN_MAP, defaultdict_validator, get_defaultdict_default_default_factory
+
+        mapped_origin = MAPPING_ORIGIN_MAP[tp]
+        keys_schema = self.generate_schema(keys_type)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            # We kind of abused `Field()` default factories to be able to specify
+            # the `defaultdict`'s `default_factory`. As a consequence, we get warnings
+            # as normally `FieldInfo.default_factory` is unsupported in the context where
+            # `Field()` is used and our only solution is to ignore them (note that this might
+            # wrongfully ignore valid warnings, e.g. if the `value_type` is a PEP 695 type alias
+            # with unsupported metadata).
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning)
+            values_schema = self.generate_schema(values_type)
+        dict_schema = core_schema.dict_schema(keys_schema, values_schema, strict=False)
+
+        if mapped_origin is dict:
+            schema = dict_schema
+        else:
+            check_instance = core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=dict_schema,
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(mapped_origin),
+            )
+
+            if tp is collections.defaultdict:
+                default_default_factory = get_defaultdict_default_default_factory(values_type)
+                coerce_instance_wrap = partial(
+                    core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function,
+                    partial(defaultdict_validator, default_default_factory=default_default_factory),
+                )
+            else:
+                coerce_instance_wrap = partial(core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function, mapped_origin)
+
+            lax_schema = coerce_instance_wrap(dict_schema)
+            strict_schema = core_schema.chain_schema([check_instance, lax_schema])
+
+            schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+                lax_schema=lax_schema,
+                strict_schema=strict_schema,
+                serialization=core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    lambda v, h: h(v), schema=dict_schema, info_arg=False
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return schema
+
+    def _fraction_schema(self) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Support for [`fractions.Fraction`][fractions.Fraction]."""
+        from ._validators import fraction_validator
+
+        # TODO: note, this is a fairly common pattern, re lax / strict for attempted type coercion,
+        # can we use a helper function to reduce boilerplate?
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(fraction_validator),
+            strict_schema=core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(fraction_validator),
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(Fraction),
+            ),
+            # use str serialization to guarantee round trip behavior
+            serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(when_used='always'),
+            metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': 'fraction'}]},
+        )
+
+    def _arbitrary_type_schema(self, tp: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        if not isinstance(tp, type):
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'{tp!r} is not a Python type (it may be an instance of an object),'
+                ' Pydantic will allow any object with no validation since we cannot even'
+                ' enforce that the input is an instance of the given type.'
+                ' To get rid of this error wrap the type with `pydantic.SkipValidation`.',
+                ArbitraryTypeWarning,
+            )
+            return core_schema.any_schema()
+        return core_schema.is_instance_schema(tp)
+
+    def _unknown_type_schema(self, obj: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(
+            f'Unable to generate pydantic-core schema for {obj!r}. '
+            'Set `arbitrary_types_allowed=True` in the model_config to ignore this error'
+            ' or implement `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` on your type to fully support it.'
+            '\n\nIf you got this error by calling handler(<some type>) within'
+            ' `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` then you likely need to call'
+            ' `handler.generate_schema(<some type>)` since we do not call'
+            ' `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` on `<some type>` otherwise to avoid infinite recursion.'
+        )
+
+    def _apply_discriminator_to_union(
+        self, schema: CoreSchema, discriminator: str | Discriminator | None
+    ) -> CoreSchema:
+        if discriminator is None:
+            return schema
+        try:
+            return _discriminated_union.apply_discriminator(
+                schema,
+                discriminator,
+                self.defs._definitions,
+            )
+        except _discriminated_union.MissingDefinitionForUnionRef:
+            # defer until defs are resolved
+            _discriminated_union.set_discriminator_in_metadata(
+                schema,
+                discriminator,
+            )
+            return schema
+
+    def clean_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+        return self.defs.finalize_schema(schema)
+
+    def _add_js_function(self, metadata_schema: CoreSchema, js_function: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
+        metadata = metadata_schema.get('metadata', {})
+        pydantic_js_functions = metadata.setdefault('pydantic_js_functions', [])
+        # because of how we generate core schemas for nested generic models
+        # we can end up adding `BaseModel.__get_pydantic_json_schema__` multiple times
+        # this check may fail to catch duplicates if the function is a `functools.partial`
+        # or something like that, but if it does it'll fail by inserting the duplicate
+        if js_function not in pydantic_js_functions:
+            pydantic_js_functions.append(js_function)
+        metadata_schema['metadata'] = metadata
+
+    def generate_schema(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object to generate core schema for.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated core schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
+                If it is not possible to evaluate forward reference.
+            PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+                If it is not possible to generate pydantic-core schema.
+            TypeError:
+                - If `alias_generator` returns a disallowed type (must be str, AliasPath or AliasChoices).
+                - If V1 style validator with `each_item=True` applied on a wrong field.
+            PydanticUserError:
+                - If `typing.TypedDict` is used instead of `typing_extensions.TypedDict` on Python < 3.12.
+                - If `__modify_schema__` method is used instead of `__get_pydantic_json_schema__`.
+        """
+        schema = self._generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(obj, obj)
+
+        if schema is None:
+            schema = self._generate_schema_inner(obj)
+
+        metadata_js_function = _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(obj)
+        if metadata_js_function is not None:
+            metadata_schema = resolve_original_schema(schema, self.defs)
+            if metadata_schema:
+                self._add_js_function(metadata_schema, metadata_js_function)
+
+        schema = _add_custom_serialization_from_json_encoders(self._config_wrapper.json_encoders, obj, schema)
+
+        return schema
+
+    def _model_schema(self, cls: type[BaseModel]) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Pydantic model."""
+        BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        with self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(cls) as (model_ref, maybe_schema):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            schema = cls.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
+            if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, MockCoreSchema):
+                if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                    schema = self.defs.unpack_definitions(schema)
+                ref = get_ref(schema)
+                if ref:
+                    return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+                else:
+                    return schema
+
+            config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper(cls.model_config, check=False)
+
+            with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config_wrapper), self._ns_resolver.push(cls):
+                core_config = self._config_wrapper.core_config(title=cls.__name__)
+
+                if cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__ or cls is BaseModel_:
+                    fields = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+                    extra_info = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_extra_info__', None)
+                else:
+                    if '__pydantic_fields__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                        # This happens when we have a loop in the schema generation:
+                        # class Base[T](BaseModel):
+                        #     t: T
+                        #
+                        # class Other(BaseModel):
+                        #     b: 'Base[Other]'
+                        # When we build fields for `Other`, we evaluate the forward annotation.
+                        # At this point, `Other` doesn't have the model fields set. We create
+                        # `Base[Other]`; model fields are successfully built, and we try to generate
+                        # a schema for `t: Other`. As `Other.__pydantic_fields__` aren't set, we abort.
+                        raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation(
+                            name=cls.__name__,
+                            message=f'Class {cls.__name__!r} is not defined',
+                        )
+                    try:
+                        fields, extra_info = rebuild_model_fields(
+                            cls,
+                            config_wrapper=self._config_wrapper,
+                            ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver,
+                            typevars_map=self._typevars_map or {},
+                        )
+                    except NameError as e:
+                        raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+                decorators = cls.__pydantic_decorators__
+                computed_fields = decorators.computed_fields
+                check_decorator_fields_exist(
+                    chain(
+                        decorators.field_validators.values(),
+                        decorators.field_serializers.values(),
+                        decorators.validators.values(),
+                    ),
+                    {*fields.keys(), *computed_fields.keys()},
+                )
+
+                model_validators = decorators.model_validators.values()
+
+                extras_schema = None
+                extras_keys_schema = None
+                if core_config.get('extra_fields_behavior') == 'allow' and extra_info is not None:
+                    tp = get_origin(extra_info.annotation)
+                    if tp not in DICT_TYPES:
+                        raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(
+                            'The type annotation for `__pydantic_extra__` must be `dict[str, ...]`'
+                        )
+                    # See the comments in `_get_args_resolving_forward_refs()` for why we need
+                    # to re-evaluate the annotation:
+                    extra_keys_type, extra_items_type = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(
+                        extra_info.annotation,
+                        required=True,
+                    )
+                    if extra_keys_type is not str:
+                        extras_keys_schema = self.generate_schema(extra_keys_type)
+                    if not typing_objects.is_any(extra_items_type):
+                        extras_schema = self.generate_schema(extra_items_type)
+
+                generic_origin: type[BaseModel] | None = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', {}).get('origin')
+
+                if cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
+                    inner_schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema('root', fields['root'], decorators)
+                    if cls.__doc__ and metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates', {}).get('description'):
+                        # This is a bit of a leaky abstraction, but as the model docstring takes priority
+                        # over the root field's description, we need to override it here. This can't be done
+                        # in the JSON Schema generation logic because the metadata's `pydantic_js_updates` are
+                        # applied last, and overrides any value previously set (so the description set from the
+                        # docstring in `GenerateJsonSchema._update_class_schema()` is overridden):
+                        update_core_metadata(
+                            metadata, pydantic_js_updates={'description': inspect.cleandoc(cls.__doc__)}
+                        )
+
+                    inner_schema = apply_model_validators(inner_schema, model_validators, 'inner')
+                    model_schema = core_schema.model_schema(
+                        cls,
+                        inner_schema,
+                        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+                        custom_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_custom_init__', None),
+                        root_model=True,
+                        post_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_post_init__', None),
+                        config=core_config,
+                        ref=model_ref,
+                        metadata=metadata,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    fields_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema = core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+                        {k: self._generate_md_field_schema(k, v, decorators) for k, v in fields.items()},
+                        computed_fields=[
+                            self._computed_field_schema(d, decorators.field_serializers)
+                            for d in computed_fields.values()
+                        ],
+                        extras_schema=extras_schema,
+                        extras_keys_schema=extras_keys_schema,
+                        model_name=cls.__name__,
+                    )
+                    inner_schema = apply_validators(fields_schema, decorators.root_validators.values())
+                    inner_schema = apply_model_validators(inner_schema, model_validators, 'inner')
+
+                    model_schema = core_schema.model_schema(
+                        cls,
+                        inner_schema,
+                        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+                        custom_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_custom_init__', None),
+                        root_model=False,
+                        post_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_post_init__', None),
+                        config=core_config,
+                        ref=model_ref,
+                    )
+
+                schema = self._apply_model_serializers(model_schema, decorators.model_serializers.values())
+                schema = apply_model_validators(schema, model_validators, 'outer')
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _resolve_self_type(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        obj = self.model_type_stack.get()
+        if obj is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError('`typing.Self` is invalid in this context', code='invalid-self-type')
+        return obj
+
+    def _generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(self, obj: Any, source: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema | None:
+        BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        get_schema = getattr(obj, '__get_pydantic_core_schema__', None)
+        is_base_model_get_schema = (
+            getattr(get_schema, '__func__', None) is BaseModel_.__get_pydantic_core_schema__.__func__  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+        )
+
+        if (
+            get_schema is not None
+            # BaseModel.__get_pydantic_core_schema__ is defined for backwards compatibility,
+            # to allow existing code to call `super().__get_pydantic_core_schema__` in Pydantic
+            # model that overrides `__get_pydantic_core_schema__`. However, it raises a deprecation
+            # warning stating that the method will be removed, and during the core schema gen we actually
+            # don't call the method:
+            and not is_base_model_get_schema
+        ):
+            # Some referenceable types might have a `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` method
+            # defined on it by users (e.g. on a dataclass). This generally doesn't play well
+            # as these types are already recognized by the `GenerateSchema` class and isn't ideal
+            # as we might end up calling `get_schema_or_ref` (expensive) on types that are actually
+            # not referenceable:
+            with self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(obj) as (_, maybe_schema):
+                if maybe_schema is not None:
+                    return maybe_schema
+
+            if obj is source:
+                ref_mode = 'unpack'
+            else:
+                ref_mode = 'to-def'
+            schema = get_schema(
+                source, CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(self._generate_schema_inner, self, ref_mode=ref_mode)
+            )
+            if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                schema = self.defs.unpack_definitions(schema)
+
+            ref = get_ref(schema)
+            if ref:
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+            # Note: if schema is of type `'definition-ref'`, we might want to copy it as a
+            # safety measure (because these are inlined in place -- i.e. mutated directly)
+            return schema
+
+        if get_schema is None and (validators := getattr(obj, '__get_validators__', None)) is not None:
+            from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel as BaseModelV1
+
+            if issubclass(obj, BaseModelV1):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Mixing V1 models and V2 models (or constructs, like `TypeAdapter`) is not supported. Please upgrade `{obj.__name__}` to V2.',
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+            else:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    '`__get_validators__` is deprecated and will be removed, use `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` instead.',
+                    PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+                )
+            return core_schema.chain_schema([core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(v) for v in validators()])
+
+    def _resolve_forward_ref(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        # we assume that types_namespace has the target of forward references in its scope,
+        # but this could fail, for example, if calling Validator on an imported type which contains
+        # forward references to other types only defined in the module from which it was imported
+        # `Validator(SomeImportedTypeAliasWithAForwardReference)`
+        # or the equivalent for BaseModel
+        # class Model(BaseModel):
+        #   x: SomeImportedTypeAliasWithAForwardReference
+        try:
+            obj = _typing_extra.eval_type_backport(obj, *self._types_namespace)
+        except NameError as e:
+            raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+        # if obj is still a ForwardRef, it means we can't evaluate it, raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+        if isinstance(obj, ForwardRef):
+            raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation(obj.__forward_arg__, f'Unable to evaluate forward reference {obj}')
+
+        if self._typevars_map:
+            obj = replace_types(obj, self._typevars_map)
+
+        return obj
+
+    @overload
+    def _get_args_resolving_forward_refs(self, obj: Any, required: Literal[True]) -> tuple[Any, ...]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def _get_args_resolving_forward_refs(self, obj: Any) -> tuple[Any, ...] | None: ...
+
+    def _get_args_resolving_forward_refs(self, obj: Any, required: bool = False) -> tuple[Any, ...] | None:
+        args = get_args(obj)
+        if args:
+            if isinstance(obj, GenericAlias):
+                # PEP 585 generic aliases don't convert args to ForwardRefs, unlike `typing.List/Dict` etc.
+                # This was fixed in https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30900 (Python 3.11).
+                # TODO: this shouldn't be necessary (probably even this `_get_args_resolving_forward_refs()` function)
+                # once we drop support for Python 3.10 *or* if we implement our own `typing._eval_type()` implementation.
+                args = (_typing_extra._make_forward_ref(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a for a in args)
+            args = tuple(self._resolve_forward_ref(a) if isinstance(a, ForwardRef) else a for a in args)
+        elif required:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(f'Expected {obj} to have generic parameters but it had none')
+        return args
+
+    def _get_first_arg_or_any(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(obj)
+        if not args:
+            return Any
+        return args[0]
+
+    def _get_first_two_args_or_any(self, obj: Any) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(obj)
+        if not args:
+            return (Any, Any)
+        if len(args) < 2:
+            origin = get_origin(obj)
+            raise TypeError(f'Expected two type arguments for {origin}, got 1')
+        return args[0], args[1]
+
+    def _generate_schema_inner(self, obj: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        if typing_objects.is_self(obj):
+            obj = self._resolve_self_type(obj)
+
+        if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(obj)):
+            return self._annotated_schema(obj)
+
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            # we assume this is already a valid schema
+            return obj  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        if isinstance(obj, str):
+            obj = ForwardRef(obj)
+
+        if isinstance(obj, ForwardRef):
+            return self.generate_schema(self._resolve_forward_ref(obj))
+
+        BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        if lenient_issubclass(obj, BaseModel):
+            with self.model_type_stack.push(obj):
+                return self._model_schema(obj)
+
+        if isinstance(obj, PydanticRecursiveRef):
+            return core_schema.definition_reference_schema(schema_ref=obj.type_ref)
+
+        return self.match_type(obj)
+
+    def match_type(self, obj: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:  # noqa: C901
+        """Main mapping of types to schemas.
+
+        The general structure is a series of if statements starting with the simple cases
+        (non-generic primitive types) and then handling generics and other more complex cases.
+
+        Each case either generates a schema directly, calls into a public user-overridable method
+        (like `GenerateSchema.tuple_variable_schema`) or calls into a private method that handles some
+        boilerplate before calling into the user-facing method (e.g. `GenerateSchema._tuple_schema`).
+
+        The idea is that we'll evolve this into adding more and more user facing methods over time
+        as they get requested and we figure out what the right API for them is.
+        """
+        if obj is str:
+            return core_schema.str_schema()
+        elif obj is bytes:
+            return core_schema.bytes_schema()
+        elif obj is int:
+            return core_schema.int_schema()
+        elif obj is float:
+            return core_schema.float_schema()
+        elif obj is bool:
+            return core_schema.bool_schema()
+        elif obj is complex:
+            return core_schema.complex_schema()
+        elif typing_objects.is_any(obj) or obj is object:
+            return core_schema.any_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.date:
+            return core_schema.date_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.datetime:
+            return core_schema.datetime_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.time:
+            return core_schema.time_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.timedelta:
+            return core_schema.timedelta_schema()
+        elif obj is Decimal:
+            return core_schema.decimal_schema()
+        elif obj is UUID:
+            return core_schema.uuid_schema()
+        elif obj is Url:
+            return core_schema.url_schema()
+        elif obj is Fraction:
+            return self._fraction_schema()
+        elif obj is MultiHostUrl:
+            return core_schema.multi_host_url_schema()
+        elif obj is None or obj is _typing_extra.NoneType:
+            return core_schema.none_schema()
+        if obj is MISSING:
+            return core_schema.missing_sentinel_schema()
+        elif obj in IP_TYPES:
+            return self._ip_schema(obj)
+        elif obj in TUPLE_TYPES:
+            return self._tuple_schema(obj)
+        elif obj in LIST_TYPES:
+            return self._list_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in SET_TYPES:
+            return self._set_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in FROZEN_SET_TYPES:
+            return self._frozenset_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in SEQUENCE_TYPES:
+            return self._sequence_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in ITERABLE_TYPES:
+            return self._iterable_schema(obj)
+        elif obj in DICT_TYPES:
+            return self._dict_schema(Any, Any)
+        elif obj in PATH_TYPES:
+            return self._path_schema(obj, Any)
+        elif obj in DEQUE_TYPES:
+            return self._deque_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in MAPPING_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(obj, Any, Any)
+        elif obj in COUNTER_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(obj, Any, int)
+        elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(obj):
+            return self._type_alias_type_schema(obj)
+        elif obj is type:
+            return self._type_schema()
+        elif _typing_extra.is_callable(obj):
+            return core_schema.callable_schema()
+        elif typing_objects.is_literal(get_origin(obj)):
+            return self._literal_schema(obj)
+        elif is_typeddict(obj):
+            return self._typed_dict_schema(obj, None)
+        elif inspect.isclass(obj) and issubclass(obj, Enum):
+            # NOTE: this must come before the `is_namedtuple()` check as enums values
+            # can be namedtuples:
+            return self._enum_schema(obj)
+        elif _typing_extra.is_namedtuple(obj):
+            return self._namedtuple_schema(obj, None)
+        elif typing_objects.is_newtype(obj):
+            # NewType, can't use isinstance because it fails <3.10
+            return self.generate_schema(obj.__supertype__)
+        elif obj in PATTERN_TYPES:
+            return self._pattern_schema(obj)
+        elif _typing_extra.is_hashable(obj):
+            return self._hashable_schema()
+        elif isinstance(obj, typing.TypeVar):
+            return self._unsubstituted_typevar_schema(obj)
+        elif _typing_extra.is_finalvar(obj):
+            if obj is Final:
+                return core_schema.any_schema()
+            return self.generate_schema(
+                self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj),
+            )
+        elif isinstance(obj, VALIDATE_CALL_SUPPORTED_TYPES):
+            return self._call_schema(obj)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        elif obj is ZoneInfo:
+            return self._zoneinfo_schema()
+
+        # dataclasses.is_dataclass coerces dc instances to types, but we only handle
+        # the case of a dc type here
+        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj):
+            return self._dataclass_schema(obj, None)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+        origin = get_origin(obj)
+        if origin is not None:
+            return self._match_generic_type(obj, origin)
+
+        if self._arbitrary_types:
+            return self._arbitrary_type_schema(obj)
+        return self._unknown_type_schema(obj)
+
+    def _match_generic_type(self, obj: Any, origin: Any) -> CoreSchema:  # noqa: C901
+        # Need to handle generic dataclasses before looking for the schema properties because attribute accesses
+        # on _GenericAlias delegate to the origin type, so lose the information about the concrete parametrization
+        # As a result, currently, there is no way to cache the schema for generic dataclasses. This may be possible
+        # to resolve by modifying the value returned by `Generic.__class_getitem__`, but that is a dangerous game.
+        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(origin):
+            return self._dataclass_schema(obj, origin)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        if _typing_extra.is_namedtuple(origin):
+            return self._namedtuple_schema(obj, origin)
+
+        schema = self._generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(origin, obj)
+        if schema is not None:
+            return schema
+
+        if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(origin):
+            return self._type_alias_type_schema(obj)
+        elif is_union_origin(origin):
+            return self._union_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in TUPLE_TYPES:
+            return self._tuple_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in LIST_TYPES:
+            return self._list_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in SET_TYPES:
+            return self._set_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in FROZEN_SET_TYPES:
+            return self._frozenset_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in DICT_TYPES:
+            return self._dict_schema(*self._get_first_two_args_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in PATH_TYPES:
+            return self._path_schema(origin, self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in DEQUE_TYPES:
+            return self._deque_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in MAPPING_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(origin, *self._get_first_two_args_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in COUNTER_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(origin, self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj), int)
+        elif is_typeddict(origin):
+            return self._typed_dict_schema(obj, origin)
+        elif origin in TYPE_TYPES:
+            return self._subclass_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in SEQUENCE_TYPES:
+            return self._sequence_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in ITERABLE_TYPES:
+            return self._iterable_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in PATTERN_TYPES:
+            return self._pattern_schema(obj)
+
+        if self._arbitrary_types:
+            return self._arbitrary_type_schema(origin)
+        return self._unknown_type_schema(obj)
+
+    def _generate_td_field_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        field_info: FieldInfo,
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos,
+        *,
+        required: bool = True,
+    ) -> core_schema.TypedDictField:
+        """Prepare a TypedDictField to represent a model or typeddict field."""
+        schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema(name, field_info, decorators)
+        return core_schema.typed_dict_field(
+            schema,
+            required=False if not field_info.is_required() else required,
+            serialization_exclude=field_info.exclude,
+            validation_alias=_convert_to_aliases(field_info.validation_alias),
+            serialization_alias=field_info.serialization_alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=field_info.exclude_if,
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _generate_md_field_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        field_info: FieldInfo,
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos,
+    ) -> core_schema.ModelField:
+        """Prepare a ModelField to represent a model field."""
+        schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema(name, field_info, decorators)
+        return core_schema.model_field(
+            schema,
+            serialization_exclude=field_info.exclude,
+            validation_alias=_convert_to_aliases(field_info.validation_alias),
+            serialization_alias=field_info.serialization_alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=field_info.exclude_if,
+            frozen=field_info.frozen,
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _generate_dc_field_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        field_info: FieldInfo,
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos,
+    ) -> core_schema.DataclassField:
+        """Prepare a DataclassField to represent the parameter/field, of a dataclass."""
+        schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema(name, field_info, decorators)
+        return core_schema.dataclass_field(
+            name,
+            schema,
+            init=field_info.init,
+            init_only=field_info.init_var or None,
+            kw_only=None if field_info.kw_only else False,
+            serialization_exclude=field_info.exclude,
+            validation_alias=_convert_to_aliases(field_info.validation_alias),
+            serialization_alias=field_info.serialization_alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=field_info.exclude_if,
+            frozen=field_info.frozen,
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _common_field_schema(  # C901
+        self, name: str, field_info: FieldInfo, decorators: DecoratorInfos
+    ) -> tuple[CoreSchema, dict[str, Any]]:
+        source_type, annotations = field_info.annotation, field_info.metadata
+
+        def set_discriminator(schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+            schema = self._apply_discriminator_to_union(schema, field_info.discriminator)
+            return schema
+
+        # Convert `@field_validator` decorators to `Before/After/Plain/WrapValidator` instances:
+        validators_from_decorators = [
+            _mode_to_validator[decorator.info.mode]._from_decorator(decorator)
+            for decorator in filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(decorators.field_validators.values(), name)
+        ]
+
+        with self.field_name_stack.push(name):
+            if field_info.discriminator is not None:
+                schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                    source_type, annotations + validators_from_decorators, transform_inner_schema=set_discriminator
+                )
+            else:
+                schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                    source_type,
+                    annotations + validators_from_decorators,
+                )
+
+        # This V1 compatibility shim should eventually be removed
+        # push down any `each_item=True` validators
+        # note that this won't work for any Annotated types that get wrapped by a function validator
+        # but that's okay because that didn't exist in V1
+        this_field_validators = filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(decorators.validators.values(), name)
+        if _validators_require_validate_default(this_field_validators):
+            field_info.validate_default = True
+        each_item_validators = [v for v in this_field_validators if v.info.each_item is True]
+        this_field_validators = [v for v in this_field_validators if v not in each_item_validators]
+        schema = apply_each_item_validators(schema, each_item_validators)
+
+        schema = apply_validators(schema, this_field_validators)
+
+        # the default validator needs to go outside of any other validators
+        # so that it is the topmost validator for the field validator
+        # which uses it to check if the field has a default value or not
+        if not field_info.is_required():
+            schema = wrap_default(field_info, schema)
+
+        schema = self._apply_field_serializers(
+            schema, filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(decorators.field_serializers.values(), name)
+        )
+
+        pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra = _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(field_info)
+        core_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        update_core_metadata(
+            core_metadata, pydantic_js_updates=pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra=pydantic_js_extra
+        )
+
+        return schema, core_metadata
+
+    def _union_schema(self, union_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Union."""
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(union_type, required=True)
+        choices: list[CoreSchema] = []
+        nullable = False
+        for arg in args:
+            if arg is None or arg is _typing_extra.NoneType:
+                nullable = True
+            else:
+                choices.append(self.generate_schema(arg))
+
+        if len(choices) == 1:
+            s = choices[0]
+        else:
+            choices_with_tags: list[CoreSchema | tuple[CoreSchema, str]] = []
+            for choice in choices:
+                tag = cast(CoreMetadata, choice.get('metadata', {})).get('pydantic_internal_union_tag_key')
+                if tag is not None:
+                    choices_with_tags.append((choice, tag))
+                else:
+                    choices_with_tags.append(choice)
+            s = core_schema.union_schema(choices_with_tags)
+
+        if nullable:
+            s = core_schema.nullable_schema(s)
+        return s
+
+    def _type_alias_type_schema(self, obj: TypeAliasType) -> CoreSchema:
+        with self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(obj) as (ref, maybe_schema):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            origin: TypeAliasType = get_origin(obj) or obj
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(obj)
+
+            with self._ns_resolver.push(origin):
+                try:
+                    annotation = _typing_extra.eval_type(origin.__value__, *self._types_namespace)
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+                annotation = replace_types(annotation, typevars_map)
+                schema = self.generate_schema(annotation)
+                assert schema['type'] != 'definitions'
+                schema['ref'] = ref  # type: ignore
+            return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _literal_schema(self, literal_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Literal."""
+        expected = list(get_literal_values(literal_type, type_check=False, unpack_type_aliases='eager'))
+        assert expected, f'literal "expected" cannot be empty, obj={literal_type}'
+        schema = core_schema.literal_schema(expected)
+
+        if self._config_wrapper.use_enum_values and any(isinstance(v, Enum) for v in expected):
+            schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                lambda v: v.value if isinstance(v, Enum) else v, schema
+            )
+
+        return schema
+
+    def _typed_dict_schema(self, typed_dict_cls: Any, origin: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate a core schema for a `TypedDict` class.
+
+        To be able to build a `DecoratorInfos` instance for the `TypedDict` class (which will include
+        validators, serializers, etc.), we need to have access to the original bases of the class
+        (see https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.get_original_bases).
+        However, the `__orig_bases__` attribute was only added in 3.12 (https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/103698).
+
+        For this reason, we require Python 3.12 (or using the `typing_extensions` backport).
+        """
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        with (
+            self.model_type_stack.push(typed_dict_cls),
+            self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(typed_dict_cls) as (
+                typed_dict_ref,
+                maybe_schema,
+            ),
+        ):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(typed_dict_cls)
+            if origin is not None:
+                typed_dict_cls = origin
+
+            if not _SUPPORTS_TYPEDDICT and type(typed_dict_cls).__module__ == 'typing':
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    'Please use `typing_extensions.TypedDict` instead of `typing.TypedDict` on Python < 3.12.',
+                    code='typed-dict-version',
+                )
+
+            try:
+                # if a typed dictionary class doesn't have config, we use the parent's config, hence a default of `None`
+                # see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/10917
+                config: ConfigDict | None = get_attribute_from_bases(typed_dict_cls, '__pydantic_config__')
+            except AttributeError:
+                config = None
+
+            with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+                core_config = self._config_wrapper.core_config(title=typed_dict_cls.__name__)
+
+                required_keys: frozenset[str] = typed_dict_cls.__required_keys__
+
+                fields: dict[str, core_schema.TypedDictField] = {}
+
+                decorators = DecoratorInfos.build(typed_dict_cls, replace_wrapped_methods=False)
+                decorators.update_from_config(self._config_wrapper)
+
+                if self._config_wrapper.use_attribute_docstrings:
+                    field_docstrings = extract_docstrings_from_cls(typed_dict_cls, use_inspect=True)
+                else:
+                    field_docstrings = None
+
+                try:
+                    annotations = _typing_extra.get_cls_type_hints(typed_dict_cls, ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver)
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+                readonly_fields: list[str] = []
+
+                for field_name, annotation in annotations.items():
+                    field_info = FieldInfo.from_annotation(annotation, _source=AnnotationSource.TYPED_DICT)
+                    field_info.annotation = replace_types(field_info.annotation, typevars_map)
+
+                    required = (
+                        field_name in required_keys or 'required' in field_info._qualifiers
+                    ) and 'not_required' not in field_info._qualifiers
+                    if 'read_only' in field_info._qualifiers:
+                        readonly_fields.append(field_name)
+
+                    if (
+                        field_docstrings is not None
+                        and field_info.description is None
+                        and field_name in field_docstrings
+                    ):
+                        field_info.description = field_docstrings[field_name]
+                    update_field_from_config(self._config_wrapper, field_name, field_info)
+
+                    fields[field_name] = self._generate_td_field_schema(
+                        field_name, field_info, decorators, required=required
+                    )
+
+                if readonly_fields:
+                    fields_repr = ', '.join(repr(f) for f in readonly_fields)
+                    plural = len(readonly_fields) >= 2
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'Item{"s" if plural else ""} {fields_repr} on TypedDict class {typed_dict_cls.__name__!r} '
+                        f'{"are" if plural else "is"} using the `ReadOnly` qualifier. Pydantic will not protect items '
+                        'from any mutation on dictionary instances.',
+                        UserWarning,
+                    )
+
+                extra_behavior: core_schema.ExtraBehavior = 'ignore'
+                extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None  # For 'allow', equivalent to `Any` - no validation performed.
+
+                # `__closed__` is `None` when not specified (equivalent to `False`):
+                is_closed = bool(getattr(typed_dict_cls, '__closed__', False))
+                extra_items = getattr(typed_dict_cls, '__extra_items__', typing_extensions.NoExtraItems)
+                if is_closed:
+                    extra_behavior = 'forbid'
+                    extras_schema = None
+                elif not typing_objects.is_noextraitems(extra_items):
+                    extra_behavior = 'allow'
+                    extras_schema = self.generate_schema(replace_types(extra_items, typevars_map))
+
+                if (config_extra := self._config_wrapper.extra) in ('allow', 'forbid'):
+                    if is_closed and config_extra == 'allow':
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f"TypedDict class {typed_dict_cls.__qualname__!r} is closed, but 'extra' configuration "
+                            "is set to `'allow'`. The 'extra' configuration value will be ignored.",
+                            category=TypedDictExtraConfigWarning,
+                        )
+                    elif not typing_objects.is_noextraitems(extra_items) and config_extra == 'forbid':
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f"TypedDict class {typed_dict_cls.__qualname__!r} allows extra items, but 'extra' configuration "
+                            "is set to `'forbid'`. The 'extra' configuration value will be ignored.",
+                            category=TypedDictExtraConfigWarning,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        extra_behavior = config_extra
+
+                td_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+                    fields,
+                    cls=typed_dict_cls,
+                    computed_fields=[
+                        self._computed_field_schema(d, decorators.field_serializers)
+                        for d in decorators.computed_fields.values()
+                    ],
+                    extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+                    extras_schema=extras_schema,
+                    ref=typed_dict_ref,
+                    config=core_config,
+                )
+
+                schema = self._apply_model_serializers(td_schema, decorators.model_serializers.values())
+                schema = apply_model_validators(schema, decorators.model_validators.values(), 'all')
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _namedtuple_schema(self, namedtuple_cls: Any, origin: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a NamedTuple."""
+        with (
+            self.model_type_stack.push(namedtuple_cls),
+            self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(namedtuple_cls) as (
+                namedtuple_ref,
+                maybe_schema,
+            ),
+        ):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(namedtuple_cls)
+            if origin is not None:
+                namedtuple_cls = origin
+
+            try:
+                annotations = _typing_extra.get_cls_type_hints(namedtuple_cls, ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver)
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+            # Filter annotations to only include fields that are actually in the NamedTuple
+            # (as subclassing an existing NamedTuple is not supported yet - see https://github.com/python/typing/issues/427)
+            # and use `Any` if no annotation exist (i.e. when using `collections.namedtuple()`).
+            annotations = {field_name: annotations.get(field_name, Any) for field_name in namedtuple_cls._fields}
+
+            if typevars_map:
+                annotations = {
+                    field_name: replace_types(annotation, typevars_map)
+                    for field_name, annotation in annotations.items()
+                }
+
+            arguments_schema = core_schema.arguments_schema(
+                [
+                    self._generate_parameter_schema(
+                        field_name,
+                        annotation,
+                        source=AnnotationSource.NAMED_TUPLE,
+                        default=namedtuple_cls._field_defaults.get(field_name, Parameter.empty),
+                    )
+                    for field_name, annotation in annotations.items()
+                ],
+                metadata={'pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments': True},
+            )
+            schema = core_schema.call_schema(arguments_schema, namedtuple_cls, ref=namedtuple_ref)
+            return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _generate_parameter_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        annotation: type[Any],
+        source: AnnotationSource,
+        default: Any = Parameter.empty,
+        mode: Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only'] | None = None,
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsParameter:
+        """Generate the definition of a field in a namedtuple or a parameter in a function signature.
+
+        This definition is meant to be used for the `'arguments'` core schema, which will be replaced
+        in V3 by the `'arguments-v3`'.
+        """
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if default is Parameter.empty:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotation(annotation, _source=source)
+        else:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotated_attribute(annotation, default, _source=source)
+
+        assert field.annotation is not None, 'field.annotation should not be None when generating a schema'
+        update_field_from_config(self._config_wrapper, name, field)
+
+        with self.field_name_stack.push(name):
+            schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                field.annotation,
+                [field],
+                # Because we pass `field` as metadata above (required for attributes relevant for
+                # JSON Scheme generation), we need to ignore the potential warnings about `FieldInfo`
+                # attributes that will not be used:
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=False,
+            )
+
+        if not field.is_required():
+            schema = wrap_default(field, schema)
+
+        parameter_schema = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+            name,
+            schema,
+            mode=mode,
+            alias=_convert_to_aliases(field.validation_alias),
+        )
+
+        return parameter_schema
+
+    def _generate_parameter_v3_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        annotation: Any,
+        source: AnnotationSource,
+        mode: Literal[
+            'positional_only',
+            'positional_or_keyword',
+            'keyword_only',
+            'var_args',
+            'var_kwargs_uniform',
+            'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict',
+        ],
+        default: Any = Parameter.empty,
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsV3Parameter:
+        """Generate the definition of a parameter in a function signature.
+
+        This definition is meant to be used for the `'arguments-v3'` core schema, which will replace
+        the `'arguments`' schema in V3.
+        """
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if default is Parameter.empty:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotation(annotation, _source=source)
+        else:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotated_attribute(annotation, default, _source=source)
+        update_field_from_config(self._config_wrapper, name, field)
+
+        with self.field_name_stack.push(name):
+            schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                field.annotation,
+                [field],
+                # Because we pass `field` as metadata above (required for attributes relevant for
+                # JSON Scheme generation), we need to ignore the potential warnings about `FieldInfo`
+                # attributes that will not be used:
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=False,
+            )
+
+        if not field.is_required():
+            schema = wrap_default(field, schema)
+
+        parameter_schema = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+            name=name,
+            schema=schema,
+            mode=mode,
+            alias=_convert_to_aliases(field.validation_alias),
+        )
+
+        return parameter_schema
+
+    def _tuple_schema(self, tuple_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Tuple, e.g. `tuple[int, str]` or `tuple[int, ...]`."""
+        # TODO: do we really need to resolve type vars here?
+        typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(tuple_type)
+        params = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(tuple_type)
+
+        if typevars_map and params:
+            params = tuple(replace_types(param, typevars_map) for param in params)
+
+        # NOTE: subtle difference: `tuple[()]` gives `params=()`, whereas `typing.Tuple[()]` gives `params=((),)`
+        # This is only true for <3.11, on Python 3.11+ `typing.Tuple[()]` gives `params=()`
+        if not params:
+            if tuple_type in TUPLE_TYPES:
+                return core_schema.tuple_schema([core_schema.any_schema()], variadic_item_index=0)
+            else:
+                # special case for `tuple[()]` which means `tuple[]` - an empty tuple
+                return core_schema.tuple_schema([])
+        elif params[-1] is Ellipsis:
+            if len(params) == 2:
+                return core_schema.tuple_schema([self.generate_schema(params[0])], variadic_item_index=0)
+            else:
+                # TODO: something like https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5952
+                raise ValueError('Variable tuples can only have one type')
+        elif len(params) == 1 and params[0] == ():
+            # special case for `tuple[()]` which means `tuple[]` - an empty tuple
+            # NOTE: This conditional can be removed when we drop support for Python 3.10.
+            return core_schema.tuple_schema([])
+        else:
+            return core_schema.tuple_schema([self.generate_schema(param) for param in params])
+
+    def _type_schema(self) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.custom_error_schema(
+            core_schema.is_instance_schema(type),
+            custom_error_type='is_type',
+            custom_error_message='Input should be a type',
+        )
+
+    def _zoneinfo_schema(self) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a zone_info.ZoneInfo object"""
+        from ._validators import validate_str_is_valid_iana_tz
+
+        metadata = {'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': 'zoneinfo'}]}
+        return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+            validate_str_is_valid_iana_tz,
+            serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(),
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _union_is_subclass_schema(self, union_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for `type[Union[X, ...]]`."""
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(union_type, required=True)
+        return core_schema.union_schema([self.generate_schema(type[args]) for args in args])
+
+    def _subclass_schema(self, type_: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a type, e.g. `type[int]`."""
+        type_param = self._get_first_arg_or_any(type_)
+
+        # Assume `type[Annotated[<typ>, ...]]` is equivalent to `type[<typ>]`:
+        type_param = _typing_extra.annotated_type(type_param) or type_param
+
+        if typing_objects.is_any(type_param):
+            return self._type_schema()
+        elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(type_param):
+            return self.generate_schema(type[type_param.__value__])
+        elif typing_objects.is_typevar(type_param):
+            if type_param.__bound__:
+                if is_union_origin(get_origin(type_param.__bound__)):
+                    return self._union_is_subclass_schema(type_param.__bound__)
+                return core_schema.is_subclass_schema(type_param.__bound__)
+            elif type_param.__constraints__:
+                return core_schema.union_schema([self.generate_schema(type[c]) for c in type_param.__constraints__])
+            else:
+                return self._type_schema()
+        elif is_union_origin(get_origin(type_param)):
+            return self._union_is_subclass_schema(type_param)
+        else:
+            if typing_objects.is_self(type_param):
+                type_param = self._resolve_self_type(type_param)
+            if _typing_extra.is_generic_alias(type_param):
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    'Subscripting `type[]` with an already parametrized type is not supported. '
+                    f'Instead of using type[{type_param!r}], use type[{_repr.display_as_type(get_origin(type_param))}].',
+                    code=None,
+                )
+            if not inspect.isclass(type_param):
+                # when using type[None], this doesn't type convert to type[NoneType], and None isn't a class
+                # so we handle it manually here
+                if type_param is None:
+                    return core_schema.is_subclass_schema(_typing_extra.NoneType)
+                raise TypeError(f'Expected a class, got {type_param!r}')
+            return core_schema.is_subclass_schema(type_param)
+
+    def _sequence_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Sequence, e.g. `Sequence[int]`."""
+        from ._serializers import serialize_sequence_via_list
+
+        item_type_schema = self.generate_schema(items_type)
+        list_schema = core_schema.list_schema(item_type_schema)
+
+        json_schema = smart_deepcopy(list_schema)
+        python_schema = core_schema.is_instance_schema(typing.Sequence, cls_repr='Sequence')
+        if not typing_objects.is_any(items_type):
+            from ._validators import sequence_validator
+
+            python_schema = core_schema.chain_schema(
+                [python_schema, core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(sequence_validator, list_schema)],
+            )
+
+        serialization = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            serialize_sequence_via_list, schema=item_type_schema, info_arg=True
+        )
+        return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=json_schema, python_schema=python_schema, serialization=serialization
+        )
+
+    def _iterable_schema(self, type_: Any) -> core_schema.GeneratorSchema:
+        """Generate a schema for an `Iterable`."""
+        item_type = self._get_first_arg_or_any(type_)
+
+        return core_schema.generator_schema(self.generate_schema(item_type))
+
+    def _pattern_schema(self, pattern_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        from . import _validators
+
+        metadata = {'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': 'regex'}]}
+        ser = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            attrgetter('pattern'), when_used='json', return_schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+        )
+        if pattern_type is typing.Pattern or pattern_type is re.Pattern:
+            # bare type
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                _validators.pattern_either_validator, serialization=ser, metadata=metadata
+            )
+
+        param = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(
+            pattern_type,
+            required=True,
+        )[0]
+        if param is str:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                _validators.pattern_str_validator, serialization=ser, metadata=metadata
+            )
+        elif param is bytes:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                _validators.pattern_bytes_validator, serialization=ser, metadata=metadata
+            )
+        else:
+            raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(f'Unable to generate pydantic-core schema for {pattern_type!r}.')
+
+    def _hashable_schema(self) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.custom_error_schema(
+            schema=core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.chain_schema(
+                    [core_schema.any_schema(), core_schema.is_instance_schema(collections.abc.Hashable)]
+                ),
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(collections.abc.Hashable),
+            ),
+            custom_error_type='is_hashable',
+            custom_error_message='Input should be hashable',
+        )
+
+    def _dataclass_schema(
+        self, dataclass: type[StandardDataclass], origin: type[StandardDataclass] | None
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a dataclass."""
+        with (
+            self.model_type_stack.push(dataclass),
+            self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(dataclass) as (
+                dataclass_ref,
+                maybe_schema,
+            ),
+        ):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            schema = dataclass.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
+            if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, MockCoreSchema):
+                if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                    schema = self.defs.unpack_definitions(schema)
+                ref = get_ref(schema)
+                if ref:
+                    return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+                else:
+                    return schema
+
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(dataclass)
+            if origin is not None:
+                dataclass = origin
+
+            # if (plain) dataclass doesn't have config, we use the parent's config, hence a default of `None`
+            # (Pydantic dataclasses have an empty dict config by default).
+            # see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/10917
+            config = getattr(dataclass, '__pydantic_config__', None)
+
+            from ..dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+
+            with self._ns_resolver.push(dataclass), self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+                if is_pydantic_dataclass(dataclass):
+                    if dataclass.__pydantic_fields_complete__():
+                        # Copy the field info instances to avoid mutating the `FieldInfo` instances
+                        # of the generic dataclass generic origin (e.g. `apply_typevars_map` below).
+                        # Note that we don't apply `deepcopy` on `__pydantic_fields__` because we
+                        # don't want to copy the `FieldInfo` attributes:
+                        fields = {
+                            f_name: copy(field_info) for f_name, field_info in dataclass.__pydantic_fields__.items()
+                        }
+                        if typevars_map:
+                            for field in fields.values():
+                                field.apply_typevars_map(typevars_map, *self._types_namespace)
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            fields = rebuild_dataclass_fields(
+                                dataclass,
+                                config_wrapper=self._config_wrapper,
+                                ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver,
+                                typevars_map=typevars_map or {},
+                            )
+                        except NameError as e:
+                            raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+                else:
+                    fields = collect_dataclass_fields(
+                        dataclass,
+                        typevars_map=typevars_map,
+                        config_wrapper=self._config_wrapper,
+                    )
+
+                if self._config_wrapper.extra == 'allow':
+                    # disallow combination of init=False on a dataclass field and extra='allow' on a dataclass
+                    for field_name, field in fields.items():
+                        if field.init is False:
+                            raise PydanticUserError(
+                                f'Field {field_name} has `init=False` and dataclass has config setting `extra="allow"`. '
+                                f'This combination is not allowed.',
+                                code='dataclass-init-false-extra-allow',
+                            )
+
+                decorators = dataclass.__dict__.get('__pydantic_decorators__')
+                if decorators is None:
+                    decorators = DecoratorInfos.build(dataclass, replace_wrapped_methods=False)
+                    decorators.update_from_config(self._config_wrapper)
+                # Move kw_only=False args to the start of the list, as this is how vanilla dataclasses work.
+                # Note that when kw_only is missing or None, it is treated as equivalent to kw_only=True
+                args = sorted(
+                    (self._generate_dc_field_schema(k, v, decorators) for k, v in fields.items()),
+                    key=lambda a: a.get('kw_only') is not False,
+                )
+                has_post_init = hasattr(dataclass, '__post_init__')
+                has_slots = hasattr(dataclass, '__slots__')
+
+                args_schema = core_schema.dataclass_args_schema(
+                    dataclass.__name__,
+                    args,
+                    computed_fields=[
+                        self._computed_field_schema(d, decorators.field_serializers)
+                        for d in decorators.computed_fields.values()
+                    ],
+                    collect_init_only=has_post_init,
+                )
+
+                inner_schema = apply_validators(args_schema, decorators.root_validators.values())
+
+                model_validators = decorators.model_validators.values()
+                inner_schema = apply_model_validators(inner_schema, model_validators, 'inner')
+
+                core_config = self._config_wrapper.core_config(title=dataclass.__name__)
+
+                dc_schema = core_schema.dataclass_schema(
+                    dataclass,
+                    inner_schema,
+                    generic_origin=origin,
+                    post_init=has_post_init,
+                    ref=dataclass_ref,
+                    fields=[field.name for field in dataclasses.fields(dataclass)],
+                    slots=has_slots,
+                    config=core_config,
+                    # we don't use a custom __setattr__ for dataclasses, so we must
+                    # pass along the frozen config setting to the pydantic-core schema
+                    frozen=self._config_wrapper_stack.tail.frozen,
+                )
+                schema = self._apply_model_serializers(dc_schema, decorators.model_serializers.values())
+                schema = apply_model_validators(schema, model_validators, 'outer')
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _call_schema(self, function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes) -> core_schema.CallSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Callable.
+
+        TODO support functional validators once we support them in Config
+        """
+        arguments_schema = self._arguments_schema(function)
+
+        return_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema | None = None
+        config_wrapper = self._config_wrapper
+        if config_wrapper.validate_return:
+            sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(function)
+            return_hint = sig.return_annotation
+            if return_hint is not sig.empty:
+                globalns, localns = self._types_namespace
+                type_hints = _typing_extra.get_function_type_hints(
+                    function, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_keys={'return'}
+                )
+                return_schema = self.generate_schema(type_hints['return'])
+
+        return core_schema.call_schema(
+            arguments_schema,
+            function,
+            return_schema=return_schema,
+        )
+
+    def _arguments_schema(
+        self, function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes, parameters_callback: ParametersCallback | None = None
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Signature."""
+        mode_lookup: dict[_ParameterKind, Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only']] = {
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY: 'positional_only',
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD: 'positional_or_keyword',
+            Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY: 'keyword_only',
+        }
+
+        sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(function)
+        globalns, localns = self._types_namespace
+        type_hints = _typing_extra.get_function_type_hints(function, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+
+        arguments_list: list[core_schema.ArgumentsParameter] = []
+        var_args_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema | None = None
+        var_kwargs_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema | None = None
+        var_kwargs_mode: core_schema.VarKwargsMode | None = None
+
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(sig.parameters.items()):
+            if p.annotation is sig.empty:
+                annotation = typing.cast(Any, Any)
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            if parameters_callback is not None:
+                result = parameters_callback(i, name, annotation)
+                if result == 'skip':
+                    continue
+
+            parameter_mode = mode_lookup.get(p.kind)
+            if parameter_mode is not None:
+                arg_schema = self._generate_parameter_schema(
+                    name, annotation, AnnotationSource.FUNCTION, p.default, parameter_mode
+                )
+                arguments_list.append(arg_schema)
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                var_args_schema = self.generate_schema(annotation)
+            else:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+
+                unpack_type = _typing_extra.unpack_type(annotation)
+                if unpack_type is not None:
+                    origin = get_origin(unpack_type) or unpack_type
+                    if not is_typeddict(origin):
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Expected a `TypedDict` class inside `Unpack[...]`, got {unpack_type!r}',
+                            code='unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+                    non_pos_only_param_names = {
+                        name for name, p in sig.parameters.items() if p.kind != Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+                    }
+                    overlapping_params = non_pos_only_param_names.intersection(origin.__annotations__)
+                    if overlapping_params:
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Typed dictionary {origin.__name__!r} overlaps with parameter'
+                            f'{"s" if len(overlapping_params) >= 2 else ""} '
+                            f'{", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(overlapping_params))}',
+                            code='overlapping-unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+
+                    var_kwargs_mode = 'unpacked-typed-dict'
+                    var_kwargs_schema = self._typed_dict_schema(unpack_type, get_origin(unpack_type))
+                else:
+                    var_kwargs_mode = 'uniform'
+                    var_kwargs_schema = self.generate_schema(annotation)
+
+        return core_schema.arguments_schema(
+            arguments_list,
+            var_args_schema=var_args_schema,
+            var_kwargs_mode=var_kwargs_mode,
+            var_kwargs_schema=var_kwargs_schema,
+            validate_by_name=self._config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+        )
+
+    def _arguments_v3_schema(
+        self, function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes, parameters_callback: ParametersCallback | None = None
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsV3Schema:
+        mode_lookup: dict[
+            _ParameterKind, Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'var_args', 'keyword_only']
+        ] = {
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY: 'positional_only',
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD: 'positional_or_keyword',
+            Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL: 'var_args',
+            Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY: 'keyword_only',
+        }
+
+        sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(function)
+        globalns, localns = self._types_namespace
+        type_hints = _typing_extra.get_function_type_hints(function, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+
+        parameters_list: list[core_schema.ArgumentsV3Parameter] = []
+
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(sig.parameters.items()):
+            if parameters_callback is not None:
+                result = parameters_callback(i, name, p.annotation)
+                if result == 'skip':
+                    continue
+
+            if p.annotation is Parameter.empty:
+                annotation = typing.cast(Any, Any)
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            parameter_mode = mode_lookup.get(p.kind)
+            if parameter_mode is None:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+
+                unpack_type = _typing_extra.unpack_type(annotation)
+                if unpack_type is not None:
+                    origin = get_origin(unpack_type) or unpack_type
+                    if not is_typeddict(origin):
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Expected a `TypedDict` class inside `Unpack[...]`, got {unpack_type!r}',
+                            code='unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+                    non_pos_only_param_names = {
+                        name for name, p in sig.parameters.items() if p.kind != Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+                    }
+                    overlapping_params = non_pos_only_param_names.intersection(origin.__annotations__)
+                    if overlapping_params:
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Typed dictionary {origin.__name__!r} overlaps with parameter'
+                            f'{"s" if len(overlapping_params) >= 2 else ""} '
+                            f'{", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(overlapping_params))}',
+                            code='overlapping-unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+                    parameter_mode = 'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict'
+                    annotation = unpack_type
+                else:
+                    parameter_mode = 'var_kwargs_uniform'
+
+            parameters_list.append(
+                self._generate_parameter_v3_schema(
+                    name, annotation, AnnotationSource.FUNCTION, parameter_mode, default=p.default
+                )
+            )
+
+        return core_schema.arguments_v3_schema(
+            parameters_list,
+            validate_by_name=self._config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+        )
+
+    def _unsubstituted_typevar_schema(self, typevar: typing.TypeVar) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        try:
+            has_default = typevar.has_default()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Happens if using `typing.TypeVar` (and not `typing_extensions`) on Python < 3.13
+            pass
+        else:
+            if has_default:
+                return self.generate_schema(typevar.__default__)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+        if constraints := typevar.__constraints__:
+            return self._union_schema(typing.Union[constraints])
+
+        if bound := typevar.__bound__:
+            schema = self.generate_schema(bound)
+            schema['serialization'] = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('any')
+            return schema
+
+        return core_schema.any_schema()
+
+    def _computed_field_schema(
+        self,
+        d: Decorator[ComputedFieldInfo],
+        field_serializers: dict[str, Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]],
+    ) -> core_schema.ComputedField:
+        if d.info.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+            return_type = d.info.return_type
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(d.func, localns=self._types_namespace.locals)
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+        if return_type is PydanticUndefined:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Computed field is missing return type annotation or specifying `return_type`'
+                ' to the `@computed_field` decorator (e.g. `@computed_field(return_type=int | str)`)',
+                code='model-field-missing-annotation',
+            )
+
+        return_type = replace_types(return_type, self._typevars_map)
+        # Create a new ComputedFieldInfo so that different type parametrizations of the same
+        # generic model's computed field can have different return types.
+        d.info = dataclasses.replace(d.info, return_type=return_type)
+        return_type_schema = self.generate_schema(return_type)
+        # Apply serializers to computed field if there exist
+        return_type_schema = self._apply_field_serializers(
+            return_type_schema,
+            filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(field_serializers.values(), d.cls_var_name),
+        )
+
+        pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra = _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(d.info)
+        core_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        update_core_metadata(
+            core_metadata,
+            pydantic_js_updates={'readOnly': True, **(pydantic_js_updates if pydantic_js_updates else {})},
+            pydantic_js_extra=pydantic_js_extra,
+        )
+        exclude_if = d.info.exclude_if
+        # TODO: Should we support exclude_if from annotations?
+        return core_schema.computed_field(
+            d.cls_var_name,
+            return_schema=return_type_schema,
+            alias=d.info.alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=exclude_if,
+            metadata=core_metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _annotated_schema(self, annotated_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for an Annotated type, e.g. `Annotated[int, Field(...)]` or `Annotated[int, Gt(0)]`."""
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+        source_type, *annotations = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(
+            annotated_type,
+            required=True,
+        )
+        schema = self._apply_annotations(source_type, annotations)
+        # put the default validator last so that TypeAdapter.get_default_value() works
+        # even if there are function validators involved
+        for annotation in annotations:
+            if isinstance(annotation, FieldInfo):
+                schema = wrap_default(annotation, schema)
+        return schema
+
+    def _apply_annotations(
+        self,
+        source_type: Any,
+        annotations: list[Any],
+        transform_inner_schema: Callable[[CoreSchema], CoreSchema] = lambda x: x,
+        check_unsupported_field_info_attributes: bool = True,
+    ) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Apply arguments from `Annotated` or from `FieldInfo` to a schema.
+
+        This gets called by `GenerateSchema._annotated_schema` but differs from it in that it does
+        not expect `source_type` to be an `Annotated` object, it expects it to be  the first argument of that
+        (in other words, `GenerateSchema._annotated_schema` just unpacks `Annotated`, this process it).
+        """
+        annotations = list(_known_annotated_metadata.expand_grouped_metadata(annotations))
+
+        pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction] = []
+
+        def inner_handler(obj: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+            schema = self._generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(obj, source_type)
+
+            if schema is None:
+                schema = self._generate_schema_inner(obj)
+
+            metadata_js_function = _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(obj)
+            if metadata_js_function is not None:
+                metadata_schema = resolve_original_schema(schema, self.defs)
+                if metadata_schema is not None:
+                    self._add_js_function(metadata_schema, metadata_js_function)
+            return transform_inner_schema(schema)
+
+        get_inner_schema = CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(inner_handler, self)
+
+        for annotation in annotations:
+            if annotation is None:
+                continue
+            get_inner_schema = self._get_wrapped_inner_schema(
+                get_inner_schema,
+                annotation,
+                pydantic_js_annotation_functions,
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=check_unsupported_field_info_attributes,
+            )
+
+        schema = get_inner_schema(source_type)
+        if pydantic_js_annotation_functions:
+            core_metadata = schema.setdefault('metadata', {})
+            update_core_metadata(core_metadata, pydantic_js_annotation_functions=pydantic_js_annotation_functions)
+        return _add_custom_serialization_from_json_encoders(self._config_wrapper.json_encoders, source_type, schema)
+
+    def _apply_single_annotation(
+        self,
+        schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+        metadata: Any,
+        check_unsupported_field_info_attributes: bool = True,
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if isinstance(metadata, FieldInfo):
+            if (
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes
+                # HACK: we don't want to emit the warning for `FieldInfo` subclasses, because FastAPI does weird manipulations
+                # with its subclasses and their annotations:
+                and type(metadata) is FieldInfo
+            ):
+                for attr, value in (unsupported_attributes := self._get_unsupported_field_info_attributes(metadata)):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'The {attr!r} attribute with value {value!r} was provided to the `Field()` function, '
+                        f'which has no effect in the context it was used. {attr!r} is field-specific metadata, '
+                        'and can only be attached to a model field using `Annotated` metadata or by assignment. '
+                        'This may have happened because an `Annotated` type alias using the `type` statement was '
+                        'used, or if the `Field()` function was attached to a single member of a union type.',
+                        category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning,
+                    )
+
+                if (
+                    metadata.default_factory_takes_validated_data
+                    and self.model_type_stack.get() is None
+                    and 'defaut_factory' not in unsupported_attributes
+                ):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "A 'default_factory' taking validated data as an argument was provided to the `Field()` function, "
+                        'but no validated data is available in the context it was used.',
+                        category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning,
+                    )
+
+            for field_metadata in metadata.metadata:
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation(schema, field_metadata)
+
+            if metadata.discriminator is not None:
+                schema = self._apply_discriminator_to_union(schema, metadata.discriminator)
+            return schema
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'nullable':
+            # for nullable schemas, metadata is automatically applied to the inner schema
+            inner = schema.get('schema', core_schema.any_schema())
+            inner = self._apply_single_annotation(inner, metadata)
+            if inner:
+                schema['schema'] = inner
+            return schema
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'union' and any(
+            choice['type'] == 'missing-sentinel' for choice in core_schema.iter_union_choices(schema)
+        ):
+            # Same behavior as for nullable schemas. This is a bit gross, but we have to support the same pattern
+            filtered_choices = [
+                choice
+                for choice in schema['choices']
+                if (choice[0] if isinstance(choice, tuple) else choice)['type'] != 'missing-sentinel'
+            ]
+            if len(filtered_choices) >= 2:
+                # e.g. `Annotated[int | str | MISSING, Constraint(...)]`. We apply `Constraint(...)` to `int | str`,
+                # and create a new union semantically equivalent to `Annotated[int | str, Constraint(...)] | MISSING`:
+                filtered_union = core_schema.union_schema(filtered_choices)
+                filtered_union = self._apply_single_annotation(filtered_union, metadata)
+                new_union = schema.copy()
+                new_union['choices'] = [
+                    filtered_union,
+                    next(
+                        choice
+                        for choice in schema['choices']
+                        if (choice[0] if isinstance(choice, tuple) else choice)['type'] == 'missing-sentinel'
+                    ),
+                ]
+                return new_union
+            elif len(filtered_choices) == 1:
+                # e.g. `Annotated[int | MISSING, Constraint(...)]`. We apply `Constraint(...)` to `int`, and reconstruct
+                # a new union preserving the order.
+                inner = filtered_choices[0][0] if isinstance(filtered_choices[0], tuple) else filtered_choices[0]
+                inner = self._apply_single_annotation(inner, metadata)
+
+                # Create a new union schema, preserving the order of the union:
+                new_union = schema.copy()
+                new_union['choices'] = [
+                    (inner, choice[1])
+                    if isinstance(choice, tuple) and choice[0]['type'] != 'missing-sentinel'
+                    else inner
+                    if not isinstance(choice, tuple) and choice['type'] != 'missing-sentinel'
+                    else choice
+                    for choice in schema['choices']
+                ]
+                return new_union
+
+        original_schema = schema
+        ref = schema.get('ref')
+        if ref is not None:
+            schema = schema.copy()
+            new_ref = ref + f'_{repr(metadata)}'
+            if (existing := self.defs.get_schema_from_ref(new_ref)) is not None:
+                return existing
+            schema['ref'] = new_ref  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+        elif schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            ref = schema['schema_ref']
+            if (referenced_schema := self.defs.get_schema_from_ref(ref)) is not None:
+                schema = referenced_schema.copy()
+                new_ref = ref + f'_{repr(metadata)}'
+                if (existing := self.defs.get_schema_from_ref(new_ref)) is not None:
+                    return existing
+                schema['ref'] = new_ref  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+
+        maybe_updated_schema = _known_annotated_metadata.apply_known_metadata(metadata, schema)
+
+        if maybe_updated_schema is not None:
+            return maybe_updated_schema
+        return original_schema
+
+    def _apply_single_annotation_json_schema(
+        self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, metadata: Any
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if isinstance(metadata, FieldInfo):
+            for field_metadata in metadata.metadata:
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation_json_schema(schema, field_metadata)
+
+            pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra = _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(metadata)
+            core_metadata = schema.setdefault('metadata', {})
+            update_core_metadata(
+                core_metadata, pydantic_js_updates=pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra=pydantic_js_extra
+            )
+        return schema
+
+    def _get_unsupported_field_info_attributes(self, field_info: FieldInfo) -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
+        """Get the list of unsupported `FieldInfo` attributes when not directly used in `Annotated` for field annotations."""
+        unused_metadata: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+        for unused_metadata_name, unset_value in UNSUPPORTED_STANDALONE_FIELDINFO_ATTRIBUTES:
+            if (
+                (unused_metadata_value := getattr(field_info, unused_metadata_name)) is not unset_value
+                # `default` and `default_factory` can still be used with a type adapter, so only include them
+                # if used with a model-like class:
+                and (
+                    unused_metadata_name not in ('default', 'default_factory')
+                    or self.model_type_stack.get() is not None
+                )
+                # Setting `alias` will set `validation/serialization_alias` as well, so we want to avoid duplicate warnings:
+                and (
+                    unused_metadata_name not in ('validation_alias', 'serialization_alias')
+                    or 'alias' not in field_info._attributes_set
+                )
+            ):
+                unused_metadata.append((unused_metadata_name, unused_metadata_value))
+
+        return unused_metadata
+
+    def _get_wrapped_inner_schema(
+        self,
+        get_inner_schema: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        annotation: Any,
+        pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction],
+        check_unsupported_field_info_attributes: bool = False,
+    ) -> CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler:
+        annotation_get_schema: GetCoreSchemaFunction | None = getattr(annotation, '__get_pydantic_core_schema__', None)
+
+        def new_handler(source: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if annotation_get_schema is not None:
+                schema = annotation_get_schema(source, get_inner_schema)
+            else:
+                schema = get_inner_schema(source)
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation(
+                    schema,
+                    annotation,
+                    check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=check_unsupported_field_info_attributes,
+                )
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation_json_schema(schema, annotation)
+
+            metadata_js_function = _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(annotation)
+            if metadata_js_function is not None:
+                pydantic_js_annotation_functions.append(metadata_js_function)
+            return schema
+
+        return CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(new_handler, self)
+
+    def _apply_field_serializers(
+        self,
+        schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+        serializers: list[Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]],
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Apply field serializers to a schema."""
+        if serializers:
+            schema = copy(schema)
+            if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                inner_schema = schema['schema']
+                schema['schema'] = self._apply_field_serializers(inner_schema, serializers)
+                return schema
+            elif 'ref' in schema:
+                schema = self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+            # use the last serializer to make it easy to override a serializer set on a parent model
+            serializer = serializers[-1]
+            is_field_serializer, info_arg = inspect_field_serializer(serializer.func, serializer.info.mode)
+
+            if serializer.info.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+                return_type = serializer.info.return_type
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                    # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                    # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                    return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                        serializer.func, localns=self._types_namespace.locals
+                    )
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+            if return_type is PydanticUndefined:
+                return_schema = None
+            else:
+                return_schema = self.generate_schema(return_type)
+
+            if serializer.info.mode == 'wrap':
+                schema['serialization'] = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert serializer.info.mode == 'plain'
+                schema['serialization'] = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+        return schema
+
+    def _apply_model_serializers(
+        self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, serializers: Iterable[Decorator[ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo]]
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Apply model serializers to a schema."""
+        ref: str | None = schema.pop('ref', None)  # type: ignore
+        if serializers:
+            serializer = list(serializers)[-1]
+            info_arg = inspect_model_serializer(serializer.func, serializer.info.mode)
+
+            if serializer.info.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+                return_type = serializer.info.return_type
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                    # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                    # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                    return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                        serializer.func, localns=self._types_namespace.locals
+                    )
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+            if return_type is PydanticUndefined:
+                return_schema = None
+            else:
+                return_schema = self.generate_schema(return_type)
+
+            if serializer.info.mode == 'wrap':
+                ser_schema: core_schema.SerSchema = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+            else:
+                # plain
+                ser_schema = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+            schema['serialization'] = ser_schema
+        if ref:
+            schema['ref'] = ref  # type: ignore
+        return schema
+
+
+_VALIDATOR_F_MATCH: Mapping[
+    tuple[FieldValidatorModes, Literal['no-info', 'with-info']],
+    Callable[[Callable[..., Any], core_schema.CoreSchema], core_schema.CoreSchema],
+] = {
+    ('before', 'no-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('after', 'no-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('plain', 'no-info'): lambda f, _: core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(f),
+    ('wrap', 'no-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('before', 'with-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('after', 'with-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('plain', 'with-info'): lambda f, _: core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(f),
+    ('wrap', 'with-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(f, schema),
+}
+
+
+# TODO V3: this function is only used for deprecated decorators. It should
+# be removed once we drop support for those.
+def apply_validators(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    validators: Iterable[Decorator[RootValidatorDecoratorInfo]]
+    | Iterable[Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]]
+    | Iterable[Decorator[FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]],
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Apply validators to a schema.
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to apply validators on.
+        validators: An iterable of validators.
+        field_name: The name of the field if validators are being applied to a model field.
+
+    Returns:
+        The updated schema.
+    """
+    for validator in validators:
+        # Actually, type could be 'field' or 'model', but this is only used for deprecated
+        # decorators, so let's not worry about it.
+        info_arg = inspect_validator(validator.func, mode=validator.info.mode, type='field')
+        val_type = 'with-info' if info_arg else 'no-info'
+
+        schema = _VALIDATOR_F_MATCH[(validator.info.mode, val_type)](validator.func, schema)
+    return schema
+
+
+def _validators_require_validate_default(validators: Iterable[Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]]) -> bool:
+    """In v1, if any of the validators for a field had `always=True`, the default value would be validated.
+
+    This serves as an auxiliary function for re-implementing that logic, by looping over a provided
+    collection of (v1-style) ValidatorDecoratorInfo's and checking if any of them have `always=True`.
+
+    We should be able to drop this function and the associated logic calling it once we drop support
+    for v1-style validator decorators. (Or we can extend it and keep it if we add something equivalent
+    to the v1-validator `always` kwarg to `field_validator`.)
+    """
+    for validator in validators:
+        if validator.info.always:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _convert_to_aliases(
+    alias: str | AliasChoices | AliasPath | None,
+) -> str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None:
+    if isinstance(alias, (AliasChoices, AliasPath)):
+        return alias.convert_to_aliases()
+    else:
+        return alias
+
+
+def apply_model_validators(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    validators: Iterable[Decorator[ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]],
+    mode: Literal['inner', 'outer', 'all'],
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Apply model validators to a schema.
+
+    If mode == 'inner', only "before" validators are applied
+    If mode == 'outer', validators other than "before" are applied
+    If mode == 'all', all validators are applied
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to apply validators on.
+        validators: An iterable of validators.
+        mode: The validator mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        The updated schema.
+    """
+    ref: str | None = schema.pop('ref', None)  # type: ignore
+    for validator in validators:
+        if mode == 'inner' and validator.info.mode != 'before':
+            continue
+        if mode == 'outer' and validator.info.mode == 'before':
+            continue
+        info_arg = inspect_validator(validator.func, mode=validator.info.mode, type='model')
+        if validator.info.mode == 'wrap':
+            if info_arg:
+                schema = core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+            else:
+                schema = core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+        elif validator.info.mode == 'before':
+            if info_arg:
+                schema = core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+            else:
+                schema = core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+        else:
+            assert validator.info.mode == 'after'
+            if info_arg:
+                schema = core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+            else:
+                schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+    if ref:
+        schema['ref'] = ref  # type: ignore
+    return schema
+
+
+def wrap_default(field_info: FieldInfo, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Wrap schema with default schema if default value or `default_factory` are available.
+
+    Args:
+        field_info: The field info object.
+        schema: The schema to apply default on.
+
+    Returns:
+        Updated schema by default value or `default_factory`.
+    """
+    if field_info.default_factory:
+        return core_schema.with_default_schema(
+            schema,
+            default_factory=field_info.default_factory,
+            default_factory_takes_data=takes_validated_data_argument(field_info.default_factory),
+            validate_default=field_info.validate_default,
+        )
+    elif field_info.default is not PydanticUndefined:
+        return core_schema.with_default_schema(
+            schema, default=field_info.default, validate_default=field_info.validate_default
+        )
+    else:
+        return schema
+
+
+def _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(tp: Any) -> GetJsonSchemaFunction | None:
+    """Extract `__get_pydantic_json_schema__` from a type, handling the deprecated `__modify_schema__`."""
+    js_modify_function = getattr(tp, '__get_pydantic_json_schema__', None)
+
+    if hasattr(tp, '__modify_schema__'):
+        BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        has_custom_v2_modify_js_func = (
+            js_modify_function is not None
+            and BaseModel.__get_pydantic_json_schema__.__func__  # type: ignore
+            not in (js_modify_function, getattr(js_modify_function, '__func__', None))
+        )
+
+        if not has_custom_v2_modify_js_func:
+            cls_name = getattr(tp, '__name__', None)
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'The `__modify_schema__` method is not supported in Pydantic v2. '
+                f'Use `__get_pydantic_json_schema__` instead{f" in class `{cls_name}`" if cls_name else ""}.',
+                code='custom-json-schema',
+            )
+
+    if (origin := get_origin(tp)) is not None:
+        # Generic aliases proxy attribute access to the origin, *except* dunder attributes,
+        # such as `__get_pydantic_json_schema__`, hence the explicit check.
+        return _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(origin)
+
+    if js_modify_function is None:
+        return None
+
+    return js_modify_function
+
+
+def resolve_original_schema(schema: CoreSchema, definitions: _Definitions) -> CoreSchema | None:
+    if schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+        return definitions.get_schema_from_ref(schema['schema_ref'])
+    elif schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+        return schema['schema']
+    else:
+        return schema
+
+
+def _inlining_behavior(
+    def_ref: core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema,
+) -> Literal['inline', 'keep', 'preserve_metadata']:
+    """Determine the inlining behavior of the `'definition-ref'` schema.
+
+    - If no `'serialization'` schema and no metadata is attached, the schema can safely be inlined.
+    - If it has metadata but only related to the deferred discriminator application, it can be inlined
+      provided that such metadata is kept.
+    - Otherwise, the schema should not be inlined. Doing so would remove the `'serialization'` schema or metadata.
+    """
+    if 'serialization' in def_ref:
+        return 'keep'
+    metadata = def_ref.get('metadata')
+    if not metadata:
+        return 'inline'
+    if len(metadata) == 1 and 'pydantic_internal_union_discriminator' in metadata:
+        return 'preserve_metadata'
+    return 'keep'
+
+
+class _Definitions:
+    """Keeps track of references and definitions."""
+
+    _recursively_seen: set[str]
+    """A set of recursively seen references.
+
+    When a referenceable type is encountered, the `get_schema_or_ref` context manager is
+    entered to compute the reference. If the type references itself by some way (e.g. for
+    a dataclass a Pydantic model, the class can be referenced as a field annotation),
+    entering the context manager again will yield a `'definition-ref'` schema that should
+    short-circuit the normal generation process, as the reference was already in this set.
+    """
+
+    _definitions: dict[str, core_schema.CoreSchema]
+    """A mapping of references to their corresponding schema.
+
+    When a schema for a referenceable type is generated, it is stored in this mapping. If the
+    same type is encountered again, the reference is yielded by the `get_schema_or_ref` context
+    manager.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._recursively_seen = set()
+        self._definitions = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_schema_or_ref(self, tp: Any, /) -> Generator[tuple[str, core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema | None]]:
+        """Get a definition for `tp` if one exists.
+
+        If a definition exists, a tuple of `(ref_string, CoreSchema)` is returned.
+        If no definition exists yet, a tuple of `(ref_string, None)` is returned.
+
+        Note that the returned `CoreSchema` will always be a `DefinitionReferenceSchema`,
+        not the actual definition itself.
+
+        This should be called for any type that can be identified by reference.
+        This includes any recursive types.
+
+        At present the following types can be named/recursive:
+
+        - Pydantic model
+        - Pydantic and stdlib dataclasses
+        - Typed dictionaries
+        - Named tuples
+        - `TypeAliasType` instances
+        - Enums
+        """
+        ref = get_type_ref(tp)
+        # return the reference if we're either (1) in a cycle or (2) it the reference was already encountered:
+        if ref in self._recursively_seen or ref in self._definitions:
+            yield (ref, core_schema.definition_reference_schema(ref))
+        else:
+            self._recursively_seen.add(ref)
+            try:
+                yield (ref, None)
+            finally:
+                self._recursively_seen.discard(ref)
+
+    def get_schema_from_ref(self, ref: str) -> CoreSchema | None:
+        """Resolve the schema from the given reference."""
+        return self._definitions.get(ref)
+
+    def create_definition_reference_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema:
+        """Store the schema as a definition and return a `'definition-reference'` schema pointing to it.
+
+        The schema must have a reference attached to it.
+        """
+        ref = schema['ref']  # pyright: ignore
+        self._definitions[ref] = schema
+        return core_schema.definition_reference_schema(ref)
+
+    def unpack_definitions(self, schema: core_schema.DefinitionsSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Store the definitions of the `'definitions'` core schema and return the inner core schema."""
+        for def_schema in schema['definitions']:
+            self._definitions[def_schema['ref']] = def_schema  # pyright: ignore
+        return schema['schema']
+
+    def finalize_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Finalize the core schema.
+
+        This traverses the core schema and referenced definitions, replaces `'definition-ref'` schemas
+        by the referenced definition if possible, and applies deferred discriminators.
+        """
+        definitions = self._definitions
+        try:
+            gather_result = gather_schemas_for_cleaning(
+                schema,
+                definitions=definitions,
+            )
+        except MissingDefinitionError as e:
+            raise InvalidSchemaError from e
+
+        remaining_defs: dict[str, CoreSchema] = {}
+
+        # Note: this logic doesn't play well when core schemas with deferred discriminator metadata
+        # and references are encountered. See the `test_deferred_discriminated_union_and_references()` test.
+        for ref, inlinable_def_ref in gather_result['collected_references'].items():
+            if inlinable_def_ref is not None and (inlining_behavior := _inlining_behavior(inlinable_def_ref)) != 'keep':
+                if inlining_behavior == 'inline':
+                    # `ref` was encountered, and only once:
+                    #  - `inlinable_def_ref` is a `'definition-ref'` schema and is guaranteed to be
+                    #    the only one. Transform it into the definition it points to.
+                    #  - Do not store the definition in the `remaining_defs`.
+                    inlinable_def_ref.clear()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                    inlinable_def_ref.update(self._resolve_definition(ref, definitions))  # pyright: ignore
+                elif inlining_behavior == 'preserve_metadata':
+                    # `ref` was encountered, and only once, but contains discriminator metadata.
+                    # We will do the same thing as if `inlining_behavior` was `'inline'`, but make
+                    # sure to keep the metadata for the deferred discriminator application logic below.
+                    meta = inlinable_def_ref.pop('metadata')
+                    inlinable_def_ref.clear()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                    inlinable_def_ref.update(self._resolve_definition(ref, definitions))  # pyright: ignore
+                    inlinable_def_ref['metadata'] = meta
+            else:
+                # `ref` was encountered, at least two times (or only once, but with metadata or a serialization schema):
+                # - Do not inline the `'definition-ref'` schemas (they are not provided in the gather result anyway).
+                # - Store the definition in the `remaining_defs`
+                remaining_defs[ref] = self._resolve_definition(ref, definitions)
+
+        for cs in gather_result['deferred_discriminator_schemas']:
+            discriminator: str | None = cs['metadata'].pop('pydantic_internal_union_discriminator', None)  # pyright: ignore[reportTypedDictNotRequiredAccess]
+            if discriminator is None:
+                # This can happen in rare scenarios, when a deferred schema is present multiple times in the
+                # gather result (e.g. when using the `Sequence` type -- see `test_sequence_discriminated_union()`).
+                # In this case, a previous loop iteration applied the discriminator and so we can just skip it here.
+                continue
+            applied = _discriminated_union.apply_discriminator(cs.copy(), discriminator, remaining_defs)
+            # Mutate the schema directly to have the discriminator applied
+            cs.clear()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            cs.update(applied)  # pyright: ignore
+
+        if remaining_defs:
+            schema = core_schema.definitions_schema(schema=schema, definitions=[*remaining_defs.values()])
+        return schema
+
+    def _resolve_definition(self, ref: str, definitions: dict[str, CoreSchema]) -> CoreSchema:
+        definition = definitions[ref]
+        if definition['type'] != 'definition-ref':
+            return definition
+
+        # Some `'definition-ref'` schemas might act as "intermediate" references (e.g. when using
+        # a PEP 695 type alias (which is referenceable) that references another PEP 695 type alias):
+        visited: set[str] = set()
+        while definition['type'] == 'definition-ref' and _inlining_behavior(definition) == 'inline':
+            schema_ref = definition['schema_ref']
+            if schema_ref in visited:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'{ref} contains a circular reference to itself.', code='circular-reference-schema'
+                )
+            visited.add(schema_ref)
+            definition = definitions[schema_ref]
+        return {**definition, 'ref': ref}  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+class _FieldNameStack:
+    __slots__ = ('_stack',)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stack: list[str] = []
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, field_name: str) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self._stack.append(field_name)
+        yield
+        self._stack.pop()
+
+    def get(self) -> str | None:
+        if self._stack:
+            return self._stack[-1]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+
+class _ModelTypeStack:
+    __slots__ = ('_stack',)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stack: list[type] = []
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, type_obj: type) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self._stack.append(type_obj)
+        yield
+        self._stack.pop()
+
+    def get(self) -> type | None:
+        if self._stack:
+            return self._stack[-1]
+        else:
+            return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generics.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e927c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+from collections import ChainMap
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from functools import reduce
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from types import prepare_class
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, TypedDict, TypeVar, cast
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from . import _typing_extra
+from ._core_utils import get_type_ref
+from ._forward_ref import PydanticRecursiveRef
+from ._utils import all_identical, is_model_class
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+
+GenericTypesCacheKey = tuple[Any, Any, tuple[Any, ...]]
+
+# Note: We want to remove LimitedDict, but to do this, we'd need to improve the handling of generics caching.
+#   Right now, to handle recursive generics, we some types must remain cached for brief periods without references.
+#   By chaining the WeakValuesDict with a LimitedDict, we have a way to retain caching for all types with references,
+#   while also retaining a limited number of types even without references. This is generally enough to build
+#   specific recursive generic models without losing required items out of the cache.
+
+KT = TypeVar('KT')
+VT = TypeVar('VT')
+_LIMITED_DICT_SIZE = 100
+
+
+class LimitedDict(dict[KT, VT]):
+    def __init__(self, size_limit: int = _LIMITED_DICT_SIZE) -> None:
+        self.size_limit = size_limit
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: KT, value: VT, /) -> None:
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+        if len(self) > self.size_limit:
+            excess = len(self) - self.size_limit + self.size_limit // 10
+            to_remove = list(self.keys())[:excess]
+            for k in to_remove:
+                del self[k]
+
+
+# weak dictionaries allow the dynamically created parametrized versions of generic models to get collected
+# once they are no longer referenced by the caller.
+GenericTypesCache = WeakValueDictionary[GenericTypesCacheKey, 'type[BaseModel]']
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class DeepChainMap(ChainMap[KT, VT]):  # type: ignore
+        ...
+
+else:
+
+    class DeepChainMap(ChainMap):
+        """Variant of ChainMap that allows direct updates to inner scopes.
+
+        Taken from https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.ChainMap,
+        with some light modifications for this use case.
+        """
+
+        def clear(self) -> None:
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                mapping.clear()
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key: KT, value: VT) -> None:
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                mapping[key] = value
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key: KT) -> None:
+            hit = False
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                if key in mapping:
+                    del mapping[key]
+                    hit = True
+            if not hit:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+
+
+# Despite the fact that LimitedDict _seems_ no longer necessary, I'm very nervous to actually remove it
+# and discover later on that we need to re-add all this infrastructure...
+# _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE = DeepChainMap(GenericTypesCache(), LimitedDict())
+
+_GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE = GenericTypesCache()
+
+
+class PydanticGenericMetadata(TypedDict):
+    origin: type[BaseModel] | None  # analogous to typing._GenericAlias.__origin__
+    args: tuple[Any, ...]  # analogous to typing._GenericAlias.__args__
+    parameters: tuple[TypeVar, ...]  # analogous to typing.Generic.__parameters__
+
+
+def create_generic_submodel(
+    model_name: str, origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...], params: tuple[Any, ...]
+) -> type[BaseModel]:
+    """Dynamically create a submodel of a provided (generic) BaseModel.
+
+    This is used when producing concrete parametrizations of generic models. This function
+    only *creates* the new subclass; the schema/validators/serialization must be updated to
+    reflect a concrete parametrization elsewhere.
+
+    Args:
+        model_name: The name of the newly created model.
+        origin: The base class for the new model to inherit from.
+        args: A tuple of generic metadata arguments.
+        params: A tuple of generic metadata parameters.
+
+    Returns:
+        The created submodel.
+    """
+    namespace: dict[str, Any] = {'__module__': origin.__module__}
+    bases = (origin,)
+    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(model_name, bases)
+    namespace.update(ns)
+    created_model = meta(
+        model_name,
+        bases,
+        namespace,
+        __pydantic_generic_metadata__={
+            'origin': origin,
+            'args': args,
+            'parameters': params,
+        },
+        __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__=False,
+        **kwds,
+    )
+
+    model_module, called_globally = _get_caller_frame_info(depth=3)
+    if called_globally:  # create global reference and therefore allow pickling
+        object_by_reference = None
+        reference_name = model_name
+        reference_module_globals = sys.modules[created_model.__module__].__dict__
+        while object_by_reference is not created_model:
+            object_by_reference = reference_module_globals.setdefault(reference_name, created_model)
+            reference_name += '_'
+
+    return created_model
+
+
+def _get_caller_frame_info(depth: int = 2) -> tuple[str | None, bool]:
+    """Used inside a function to check whether it was called globally.
+
+    Args:
+        depth: The depth to get the frame.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple contains `module_name` and `called_globally`.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If the function is not called inside a function.
+    """
+    try:
+        previous_caller_frame = sys._getframe(depth)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError('This function must be used inside another function') from e
+    except AttributeError:  # sys module does not have _getframe function, so there's nothing we can do about it
+        return None, False
+    frame_globals = previous_caller_frame.f_globals
+    return frame_globals.get('__name__'), previous_caller_frame.f_locals is frame_globals
+
+
+DictValues: type[Any] = {}.values().__class__
+
+
+def iter_contained_typevars(v: Any) -> Iterator[TypeVar]:
+    """Recursively iterate through all subtypes and type args of `v` and yield any typevars that are found.
+
+    This is inspired as an alternative to directly accessing the `__parameters__` attribute of a GenericAlias,
+    since __parameters__ of (nested) generic BaseModel subclasses won't show up in that list.
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, TypeVar):
+        yield v
+    elif is_model_class(v):
+        yield from v.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters']
+    elif isinstance(v, (DictValues, list)):
+        for var in v:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(var)
+    else:
+        args = get_args(v)
+        for arg in args:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(arg)
+
+
+def get_args(v: Any) -> Any:
+    pydantic_generic_metadata: PydanticGenericMetadata | None = getattr(v, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', None)
+    if pydantic_generic_metadata:
+        return pydantic_generic_metadata.get('args')
+    return typing_extensions.get_args(v)
+
+
+def get_origin(v: Any) -> Any:
+    pydantic_generic_metadata: PydanticGenericMetadata | None = getattr(v, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', None)
+    if pydantic_generic_metadata:
+        return pydantic_generic_metadata.get('origin')
+    return typing_extensions.get_origin(v)
+
+
+def get_standard_typevars_map(cls: Any) -> dict[TypeVar, Any] | None:
+    """Package a generic type's typevars and parametrization (if present) into a dictionary compatible with the
+    `replace_types` function. Specifically, this works with standard typing generics and typing._GenericAlias.
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(cls)
+    if origin is None:
+        return None
+    if not hasattr(origin, '__parameters__'):
+        return None
+
+    # In this case, we know that cls is a _GenericAlias, and origin is the generic type
+    # So it is safe to access cls.__args__ and origin.__parameters__
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = cls.__args__  # type: ignore
+    parameters: tuple[TypeVar, ...] = origin.__parameters__
+    return dict(zip(parameters, args))
+
+
+def get_model_typevars_map(cls: type[BaseModel]) -> dict[TypeVar, Any]:
+    """Package a generic BaseModel's typevars and concrete parametrization (if present) into a dictionary compatible
+    with the `replace_types` function.
+
+    Since BaseModel.__class_getitem__ does not produce a typing._GenericAlias, and the BaseModel generic info is
+    stored in the __pydantic_generic_metadata__ attribute, we need special handling here.
+    """
+    # TODO: This could be unified with `get_standard_typevars_map` if we stored the generic metadata
+    #   in the __origin__, __args__, and __parameters__ attributes of the model.
+    generic_metadata = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__
+    origin = generic_metadata['origin']
+    args = generic_metadata['args']
+    if not args:
+        # No need to go into `iter_contained_typevars`:
+        return {}
+    return dict(zip(iter_contained_typevars(origin), args))
+
+
+def replace_types(type_: Any, type_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None) -> Any:
+    """Return type with all occurrences of `type_map` keys recursively replaced with their values.
+
+    Args:
+        type_: The class or generic alias.
+        type_map: Mapping from `TypeVar` instance to concrete types.
+
+    Returns:
+        A new type representing the basic structure of `type_` with all
+        `typevar_map` keys recursively replaced.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Union
+
+        from pydantic._internal._generics import replace_types
+
+        replace_types(tuple[str, Union[list[str], float]], {str: int})
+        #> tuple[int, Union[list[int], float]]
+        ```
+    """
+    if not type_map:
+        return type_
+
+    type_args = get_args(type_)
+    origin_type = get_origin(type_)
+
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(origin_type):
+        annotated_type, *annotations = type_args
+        annotated_type = replace_types(annotated_type, type_map)
+        # TODO remove parentheses when we drop support for Python 3.10:
+        return Annotated[(annotated_type, *annotations)]
+
+    # Having type args is a good indicator that this is a typing special form
+    # instance or a generic alias of some sort.
+    if type_args:
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(arg, type_map) for arg in type_args)
+        if all_identical(type_args, resolved_type_args):
+            # If all arguments are the same, there is no need to modify the
+            # type or create a new object at all
+            return type_
+
+        if (
+            origin_type is not None
+            and isinstance(type_, _typing_extra.typing_base)
+            and not isinstance(origin_type, _typing_extra.typing_base)
+            and getattr(type_, '_name', None) is not None
+        ):
+            # In python < 3.9 generic aliases don't exist so any of these like `list`,
+            # `type` or `collections.abc.Callable` need to be translated.
+            # See: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0585
+            origin_type = getattr(typing, type_._name)
+        assert origin_type is not None
+
+        if is_union_origin(origin_type):
+            if any(typing_objects.is_any(arg) for arg in resolved_type_args):
+                # `Any | T` ~ `Any`:
+                resolved_type_args = (Any,)
+            # `Never | T` ~ `T`:
+            resolved_type_args = tuple(
+                arg
+                for arg in resolved_type_args
+                if not (typing_objects.is_noreturn(arg) or typing_objects.is_never(arg))
+            )
+
+        # PEP-604 syntax (e.g. `list | str`) is represented with a types.UnionType object that does not
+        # implement `__getitem__()`. In Python 3.14+, `typing.Union` and `types.UnionType` are the same,
+        # and we instead rely on `typing.Union` as it implicitly converts string annotations to `ForwardRef`
+        # instances (this is to avoid type errors as per https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/105366).
+        # TODO remove type ignore comment when we drop support for Python 3.9 (https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/11241):
+        if (3, 10) <= sys.version_info < (3, 14) and origin_type is types.UnionType:  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            return reduce(operator.or_, resolved_type_args)
+        # NotRequired[T] and Required[T] don't support tuple type resolved_type_args, hence the condition below
+        return origin_type[resolved_type_args[0] if len(resolved_type_args) == 1 else resolved_type_args]
+
+    # We handle pydantic generic models separately as they don't have the same
+    # semantics as "typing" classes or generic aliases
+
+    if not origin_type and is_model_class(type_):
+        parameters = type_.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters']
+        if not parameters:
+            return type_
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(t, type_map) for t in parameters)
+        if all_identical(parameters, resolved_type_args):
+            return type_
+        return type_[resolved_type_args]
+
+    # Handle special case for typehints that can have lists as arguments.
+    # `typing.Callable[[int, str], int]` is an example for this.
+    if isinstance(type_, list):
+        resolved_list = [replace_types(element, type_map) for element in type_]
+        if all_identical(type_, resolved_list):
+            return type_
+        return resolved_list
+
+    # If all else fails, we try to resolve the type directly and otherwise just
+    # return the input with no modifications.
+    return type_map.get(type_, type_)
+
+
+def map_generic_model_arguments(cls: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...]) -> dict[TypeVar, Any]:
+    """Return a mapping between the parameters of a generic model and the provided arguments during parameterization.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If the number of arguments does not match the parameters (i.e. if providing too few or too many arguments).
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+        class Model[T, U, V = int](BaseModel): ...
+
+        map_generic_model_arguments(Model, (str, bytes))
+        #> {T: str, U: bytes, V: int}
+
+        map_generic_model_arguments(Model, (str,))
+        #> TypeError: Too few arguments for <class '__main__.Model'>; actual 1, expected at least 2
+
+        map_generic_model_arguments(Model, (str, bytes, int, complex))
+        #> TypeError: Too many arguments for <class '__main__.Model'>; actual 4, expected 3
+        ```
+
+    Note:
+        This function is analogous to the private `typing._check_generic_specialization` function.
+    """
+    parameters = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters']
+    expected_len = len(parameters)
+    typevars_map: dict[TypeVar, Any] = {}
+
+    _missing = object()
+    for parameter, argument in zip_longest(parameters, args, fillvalue=_missing):
+        if parameter is _missing:
+            raise TypeError(f'Too many arguments for {cls}; actual {len(args)}, expected {expected_len}')
+
+        if argument is _missing:
+            param = cast(TypeVar, parameter)
+            try:
+                has_default = param.has_default()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            except AttributeError:
+                # Happens if using `typing.TypeVar` (and not `typing_extensions`) on Python < 3.13.
+                has_default = False
+            if has_default:
+                # The default might refer to other type parameters. For an example, see:
+                # https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/generics.html#type-parameters-as-parameters-to-generics
+                typevars_map[param] = replace_types(param.__default__, typevars_map)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            else:
+                expected_len -= sum(hasattr(p, 'has_default') and p.has_default() for p in parameters)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                raise TypeError(f'Too few arguments for {cls}; actual {len(args)}, expected at least {expected_len}')
+        else:
+            param = cast(TypeVar, parameter)
+            typevars_map[param] = argument
+
+    return typevars_map
+
+
+_generic_recursion_cache: ContextVar[set[str] | None] = ContextVar('_generic_recursion_cache', default=None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def generic_recursion_self_type(
+    origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+) -> Iterator[PydanticRecursiveRef | None]:
+    """This contextmanager should be placed around the recursive calls used to build a generic type,
+    and accept as arguments the generic origin type and the type arguments being passed to it.
+
+    If the same origin and arguments are observed twice, it implies that a self-reference placeholder
+    can be used while building the core schema, and will produce a schema_ref that will be valid in the
+    final parent schema.
+    """
+    previously_seen_type_refs = _generic_recursion_cache.get()
+    if previously_seen_type_refs is None:
+        previously_seen_type_refs = set()
+        token = _generic_recursion_cache.set(previously_seen_type_refs)
+    else:
+        token = None
+
+    try:
+        type_ref = get_type_ref(origin, args_override=args)
+        if type_ref in previously_seen_type_refs:
+            self_type = PydanticRecursiveRef(type_ref=type_ref)
+            yield self_type
+        else:
+            previously_seen_type_refs.add(type_ref)
+            yield
+            previously_seen_type_refs.remove(type_ref)
+    finally:
+        if token:
+            _generic_recursion_cache.reset(token)
+
+
+def recursively_defined_type_refs() -> set[str]:
+    visited = _generic_recursion_cache.get()
+    if not visited:
+        return set()  # not in a generic recursion, so there are no types
+
+    return visited.copy()  # don't allow modifications
+
+
+def get_cached_generic_type_early(parent: type[BaseModel], typevar_values: Any) -> type[BaseModel] | None:
+    """The use of a two-stage cache lookup approach was necessary to have the highest performance possible for
+    repeated calls to `__class_getitem__` on generic types (which may happen in tighter loops during runtime),
+    while still ensuring that certain alternative parametrizations ultimately resolve to the same type.
+
+    As a concrete example, this approach was necessary to make Model[List[T]][int] equal to Model[List[int]].
+    The approach could be modified to not use two different cache keys at different points, but the
+    _early_cache_key is optimized to be as quick to compute as possible (for repeated-access speed), and the
+    _late_cache_key is optimized to be as "correct" as possible, so that two types that will ultimately be the
+    same after resolving the type arguments will always produce cache hits.
+
+    If we wanted to move to only using a single cache key per type, we would either need to always use the
+    slower/more computationally intensive logic associated with _late_cache_key, or would need to accept
+    that Model[List[T]][int] is a different type than Model[List[T]][int]. Because we rely on subclass relationships
+    during validation, I think it is worthwhile to ensure that types that are functionally equivalent are actually
+    equal.
+    """
+    return _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE.get(_early_cache_key(parent, typevar_values))
+
+
+def get_cached_generic_type_late(
+    parent: type[BaseModel], typevar_values: Any, origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+) -> type[BaseModel] | None:
+    """See the docstring of `get_cached_generic_type_early` for more information about the two-stage cache lookup."""
+    cached = _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE.get(_late_cache_key(origin, args, typevar_values))
+    if cached is not None:
+        set_cached_generic_type(parent, typevar_values, cached, origin, args)
+    return cached
+
+
+def set_cached_generic_type(
+    parent: type[BaseModel],
+    typevar_values: tuple[Any, ...],
+    type_: type[BaseModel],
+    origin: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """See the docstring of `get_cached_generic_type_early` for more information about why items are cached with
+    two different keys.
+    """
+    _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE[_early_cache_key(parent, typevar_values)] = type_
+    if len(typevar_values) == 1:
+        _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE[_early_cache_key(parent, typevar_values[0])] = type_
+    if origin and args:
+        _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE[_late_cache_key(origin, args, typevar_values)] = type_
+
+
+def _union_orderings_key(typevar_values: Any) -> Any:
+    """This is intended to help differentiate between Union types with the same arguments in different order.
+
+    Thanks to caching internal to the `typing` module, it is not possible to distinguish between
+    List[Union[int, float]] and List[Union[float, int]] (and similarly for other "parent" origins besides List)
+    because `typing` considers Union[int, float] to be equal to Union[float, int].
+
+    However, you _can_ distinguish between (top-level) Union[int, float] vs. Union[float, int].
+    Because we parse items as the first Union type that is successful, we get slightly more consistent behavior
+    if we make an effort to distinguish the ordering of items in a union. It would be best if we could _always_
+    get the exact-correct order of items in the union, but that would require a change to the `typing` module itself.
+    (See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86483 for reference.)
+    """
+    if isinstance(typevar_values, tuple):
+        return tuple(_union_orderings_key(value) for value in typevar_values)
+    elif typing_objects.is_union(typing_extensions.get_origin(typevar_values)):
+        return get_args(typevar_values)
+    else:
+        return ()
+
+
+def _early_cache_key(cls: type[BaseModel], typevar_values: Any) -> GenericTypesCacheKey:
+    """This is intended for minimal computational overhead during lookups of cached types.
+
+    Note that this is overly simplistic, and it's possible that two different cls/typevar_values
+    inputs would ultimately result in the same type being created in BaseModel.__class_getitem__.
+    To handle this, we have a fallback _late_cache_key that is checked later if the _early_cache_key
+    lookup fails, and should result in a cache hit _precisely_ when the inputs to __class_getitem__
+    would result in the same type.
+    """
+    return cls, typevar_values, _union_orderings_key(typevar_values)
+
+
+def _late_cache_key(origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...], typevar_values: Any) -> GenericTypesCacheKey:
+    """This is intended for use later in the process of creating a new type, when we have more information
+    about the exact args that will be passed. If it turns out that a different set of inputs to
+    __class_getitem__ resulted in the same inputs to the generic type creation process, we can still
+    return the cached type, and update the cache with the _early_cache_key as well.
+    """
+    # The _union_orderings_key is placed at the start here to ensure there cannot be a collision with an
+    # _early_cache_key, as that function will always produce a BaseModel subclass as the first item in the key,
+    # whereas this function will always produce a tuple as the first item in the key.
+    return _union_orderings_key(typevar_values), origin, args
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_git.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96dcda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Git utilities, adopted from mypy's git utilities (https://github.com/python/mypy/blob/master/mypy/git.py)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def is_git_repo(dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """Is the given directory version-controlled with git?"""
+    return dir.joinpath('.git').exists()
+
+
+def have_git() -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Can we run the git executable?"""
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_output(['git', '--help'])
+        return True
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        return False
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def git_revision(dir: Path) -> str:
+    """Get the SHA-1 of the HEAD of a git repository."""
+    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], cwd=dir).decode('utf-8').strip()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_import_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_import_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638102f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_import_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from functools import cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+
+@cache
+def import_cached_base_model() -> type['BaseModel']:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    return BaseModel
+
+
+@cache
+def import_cached_field_info() -> type['FieldInfo']:
+    from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+    return FieldInfo
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_internal_dataclass.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_internal_dataclass.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33e152c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_internal_dataclass.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import sys
+
+# `slots` is available on Python >= 3.10
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    slots_true = {'slots': True}
+else:
+    slots_true = {}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_known_annotated_metadata.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_known_annotated_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5954dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_known_annotated_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from copy import copy
+from functools import lru_cache, partial
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, PydanticCustomError, ValidationError, to_jsonable_python
+from pydantic_core import core_schema as cs
+
+from ._fields import PydanticMetadata
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_field_info
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    pass
+
+STRICT = {'strict'}
+FAIL_FAST = {'fail_fast'}
+LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS = {'min_length', 'max_length'}
+INEQUALITY = {'le', 'ge', 'lt', 'gt'}
+NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS = {'multiple_of', *INEQUALITY}
+ALLOW_INF_NAN = {'allow_inf_nan'}
+
+STR_CONSTRAINTS = {
+    *LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS,
+    *STRICT,
+    'strip_whitespace',
+    'to_lower',
+    'to_upper',
+    'pattern',
+    'coerce_numbers_to_str',
+    'ascii_only',
+}
+BYTES_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+
+LIST_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT, *FAIL_FAST}
+TUPLE_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT, *FAIL_FAST}
+SET_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT, *FAIL_FAST}
+DICT_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+GENERATOR_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+SEQUENCE_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *FAIL_FAST}
+
+FLOAT_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *ALLOW_INF_NAN, *STRICT}
+DECIMAL_CONSTRAINTS = {'max_digits', 'decimal_places', *FLOAT_CONSTRAINTS}
+INT_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *ALLOW_INF_NAN, *STRICT}
+BOOL_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+UUID_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+
+DATE_TIME_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+TIMEDELTA_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+TIME_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+LAX_OR_STRICT_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+ENUM_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+COMPLEX_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+
+UNION_CONSTRAINTS = {'union_mode'}
+URL_CONSTRAINTS = {
+    'max_length',
+    'allowed_schemes',
+    'host_required',
+    'default_host',
+    'default_port',
+    'default_path',
+}
+
+TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('str', 'bytes', 'url', 'multi-host-url')
+SEQUENCE_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('list', 'tuple', 'set', 'frozenset', 'generator', *TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES)
+NUMERIC_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('float', 'int', 'date', 'time', 'timedelta', 'datetime')
+
+CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS: dict[str, set[str]] = defaultdict(set)
+
+constraint_schema_pairings: list[tuple[set[str], tuple[str, ...]]] = [
+    (STR_CONSTRAINTS, TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES),
+    (BYTES_CONSTRAINTS, ('bytes',)),
+    (LIST_CONSTRAINTS, ('list',)),
+    (TUPLE_CONSTRAINTS, ('tuple',)),
+    (SET_CONSTRAINTS, ('set', 'frozenset')),
+    (DICT_CONSTRAINTS, ('dict',)),
+    (GENERATOR_CONSTRAINTS, ('generator',)),
+    (FLOAT_CONSTRAINTS, ('float',)),
+    (INT_CONSTRAINTS, ('int',)),
+    (DATE_TIME_CONSTRAINTS, ('date', 'time', 'datetime', 'timedelta')),
+    # TODO: this is a bit redundant, we could probably avoid some of these
+    (STRICT, (*TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES, *SEQUENCE_SCHEMA_TYPES, *NUMERIC_SCHEMA_TYPES, 'typed-dict', 'model')),
+    (UNION_CONSTRAINTS, ('union',)),
+    (URL_CONSTRAINTS, ('url', 'multi-host-url')),
+    (BOOL_CONSTRAINTS, ('bool',)),
+    (UUID_CONSTRAINTS, ('uuid',)),
+    (LAX_OR_STRICT_CONSTRAINTS, ('lax-or-strict',)),
+    (ENUM_CONSTRAINTS, ('enum',)),
+    (DECIMAL_CONSTRAINTS, ('decimal',)),
+    (COMPLEX_CONSTRAINTS, ('complex',)),
+]
+
+for constraints, schemas in constraint_schema_pairings:
+    for c in constraints:
+        CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS[c].update(schemas)
+
+
+def as_jsonable_value(v: Any) -> Any:
+    if type(v) not in (int, str, float, bytes, bool, type(None)):
+        return to_jsonable_python(v)
+    return v
+
+
+def expand_grouped_metadata(annotations: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterable[Any]:
+    """Expand the annotations.
+
+    Args:
+        annotations: An iterable of annotations.
+
+    Returns:
+        An iterable of expanded annotations.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from annotated_types import Ge, Len
+
+        from pydantic._internal._known_annotated_metadata import expand_grouped_metadata
+
+        print(list(expand_grouped_metadata([Ge(4), Len(5)])))
+        #> [Ge(ge=4), MinLen(min_length=5)]
+        ```
+    """
+    import annotated_types as at
+
+    FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    for annotation in annotations:
+        if isinstance(annotation, at.GroupedMetadata):
+            yield from annotation
+        elif isinstance(annotation, FieldInfo):
+            yield from annotation.metadata
+            # this is a bit problematic in that it results in duplicate metadata
+            # all of our "consumers" can handle it, but it is not ideal
+            # we probably should split up FieldInfo into:
+            # - annotated types metadata
+            # - individual metadata known only to Pydantic
+            annotation = copy(annotation)
+            annotation.metadata = []
+            yield annotation
+        else:
+            yield annotation
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def _get_at_to_constraint_map() -> dict[type, str]:
+    """Return a mapping of annotated types to constraints.
+
+    Normally, we would define a mapping like this in the module scope, but we can't do that
+    because we don't permit module level imports of `annotated_types`, in an attempt to speed up
+    the import time of `pydantic`. We still only want to have this dictionary defined in one place,
+    so we use this function to cache the result.
+    """
+    import annotated_types as at
+
+    return {
+        at.Gt: 'gt',
+        at.Ge: 'ge',
+        at.Lt: 'lt',
+        at.Le: 'le',
+        at.MultipleOf: 'multiple_of',
+        at.MinLen: 'min_length',
+        at.MaxLen: 'max_length',
+    }
+
+
+def apply_known_metadata(annotation: Any, schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema | None:  # noqa: C901
+    """Apply `annotation` to `schema` if it is an annotation we know about (Gt, Le, etc.).
+    Otherwise return `None`.
+
+    This does not handle all known annotations. If / when it does, it can always
+    return a CoreSchema and return the unmodified schema if the annotation should be ignored.
+
+    Assumes that GroupedMetadata has already been expanded via `expand_grouped_metadata`.
+
+    Args:
+        annotation: The annotation.
+        schema: The schema.
+
+    Returns:
+        An updated schema with annotation if it is an annotation we know about, `None` otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If a constraint can't be applied to a specific schema type.
+        ValueError: If an unknown constraint is encountered.
+    """
+    import annotated_types as at
+
+    from ._validators import NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP, forbid_inf_nan_check
+
+    schema = schema.copy()
+    schema_update, other_metadata = collect_known_metadata([annotation])
+    schema_type = schema['type']
+
+    chain_schema_constraints: set[str] = {
+        'pattern',
+        'strip_whitespace',
+        'to_lower',
+        'to_upper',
+        'coerce_numbers_to_str',
+        'ascii_only',
+    }
+    chain_schema_steps: list[CoreSchema] = []
+
+    for constraint, value in schema_update.items():
+        if constraint not in CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unknown constraint {constraint}')
+        allowed_schemas = CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS[constraint]
+
+        # if it becomes necessary to handle more than one constraint
+        # in this recursive case with function-after or function-wrap, we should refactor
+        # this is a bit challenging because we sometimes want to apply constraints to the inner schema,
+        # whereas other times we want to wrap the existing schema with a new one that enforces a new constraint.
+        if schema_type in {'function-before', 'function-wrap', 'function-after'} and constraint == 'strict':
+            schema['schema'] = apply_known_metadata(annotation, schema['schema'])  # type: ignore  # schema is function schema
+            return schema
+
+        # if we're allowed to apply constraint directly to the schema, like le to int, do that
+        if schema_type in allowed_schemas:
+            if constraint == 'union_mode' and schema_type == 'union':
+                schema['mode'] = value  # type: ignore  # schema is UnionSchema
+            else:
+                schema[constraint] = value
+            continue
+
+        #  else, apply a function after validator to the schema to enforce the corresponding constraint
+        if constraint in chain_schema_constraints:
+
+            def _apply_constraint_with_incompatibility_info(
+                value: Any, handler: cs.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler
+            ) -> Any:
+                try:
+                    x = handler(value)
+                except ValidationError as ve:
+                    # if the error is about the type, it's likely that the constraint is incompatible the type of the field
+                    # for example, the following invalid schema wouldn't be caught during schema build, but rather at this point
+                    # with a cryptic 'string_type' error coming from the string validator,
+                    # that we'd rather express as a constraint incompatibility error (TypeError)
+                    # Annotated[list[int], Field(pattern='abc')]
+                    if 'type' in ve.errors()[0]['type']:
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Unable to apply constraint '{constraint}' to supplied value {value} for schema of type '{schema_type}'"  # noqa: B023
+                        )
+                    raise ve
+                return x
+
+            chain_schema_steps.append(
+                cs.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                    _apply_constraint_with_incompatibility_info, cs.str_schema(**{constraint: value})
+                )
+            )
+        elif constraint in NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP:
+            if constraint in LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS:
+                inner_schema = schema
+                while inner_schema['type'] in {'function-before', 'function-wrap', 'function-after'}:
+                    inner_schema = inner_schema['schema']  # type: ignore
+                inner_schema_type = inner_schema['type']
+                if inner_schema_type == 'list' or (
+                    inner_schema_type == 'json-or-python' and inner_schema['json_schema']['type'] == 'list'  # type: ignore
+                ):
+                    js_constraint_key = 'minItems' if constraint == 'min_length' else 'maxItems'
+                else:
+                    js_constraint_key = 'minLength' if constraint == 'min_length' else 'maxLength'
+            else:
+                js_constraint_key = constraint
+
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                partial(NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP[constraint], **{constraint: value}), schema
+            )
+            metadata = schema.get('metadata', {})
+            if (existing_json_schema_updates := metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates')) is not None:
+                metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = {
+                    **existing_json_schema_updates,
+                    **{js_constraint_key: as_jsonable_value(value)},
+                }
+            else:
+                metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = {js_constraint_key: as_jsonable_value(value)}
+            schema['metadata'] = metadata
+        elif constraint == 'allow_inf_nan' and value is False:
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                forbid_inf_nan_check,
+                schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            # It's rare that we'd get here, but it's possible if we add a new constraint and forget to handle it
+            # Most constraint errors are caught at runtime during attempted application
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unable to apply constraint '{constraint}' to schema of type '{schema_type}'")
+
+    for annotation in other_metadata:
+        if (annotation_type := type(annotation)) in (at_to_constraint_map := _get_at_to_constraint_map()):
+            constraint = at_to_constraint_map[annotation_type]
+            validator = NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP.get(constraint)
+            if validator is None:
+                raise ValueError(f'Unknown constraint {constraint}')
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                partial(validator, {constraint: getattr(annotation, constraint)}), schema
+            )
+            continue
+        elif isinstance(annotation, (at.Predicate, at.Not)):
+            predicate_name = f'{annotation.func.__qualname__!r} ' if hasattr(annotation.func, '__qualname__') else ''
+
+            # Note: B023 is ignored because even though we iterate over `other_metadata`, it is guaranteed
+            # to be of length 1. `apply_known_metadata()` is called from `GenerateSchema`, where annotations
+            # were already expanded via `expand_grouped_metadata()`. Confusing, but this falls into the annotations
+            # refactor.
+            if isinstance(annotation, at.Predicate):
+
+                def val_func(v: Any) -> Any:
+                    predicate_satisfied = annotation.func(v)  # noqa: B023
+                    if not predicate_satisfied:
+                        raise PydanticCustomError(
+                            'predicate_failed',
+                            f'Predicate {predicate_name}failed',  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]  # noqa: B023
+                        )
+                    return v
+
+            else:
+
+                def val_func(v: Any) -> Any:
+                    predicate_satisfied = annotation.func(v)  # noqa: B023
+                    if predicate_satisfied:
+                        raise PydanticCustomError(
+                            'not_operation_failed',
+                            f'Not of {predicate_name}failed',  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]  # noqa: B023
+                        )
+                    return v
+
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(val_func, schema)
+        else:
+            # ignore any other unknown metadata
+            return None
+
+    if chain_schema_steps:
+        chain_schema_steps = [schema] + chain_schema_steps
+        return cs.chain_schema(chain_schema_steps)
+
+    return schema
+
+
+def collect_known_metadata(annotations: Iterable[Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[Any]]:
+    """Split `annotations` into known metadata and unknown annotations.
+
+    Args:
+        annotations: An iterable of annotations.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple contains a dict of known metadata and a list of unknown annotations.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from annotated_types import Gt, Len
+
+        from pydantic._internal._known_annotated_metadata import collect_known_metadata
+
+        print(collect_known_metadata([Gt(1), Len(42), ...]))
+        #> ({'gt': 1, 'min_length': 42}, [Ellipsis])
+        ```
+    """
+    annotations = expand_grouped_metadata(annotations)
+
+    res: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    remaining: list[Any] = []
+
+    for annotation in annotations:
+        # isinstance(annotation, PydanticMetadata) also covers ._fields:_PydanticGeneralMetadata
+        if isinstance(annotation, PydanticMetadata):
+            res.update(annotation.__dict__)
+        # we don't use dataclasses.asdict because that recursively calls asdict on the field values
+        elif (annotation_type := type(annotation)) in (at_to_constraint_map := _get_at_to_constraint_map()):
+            constraint = at_to_constraint_map[annotation_type]
+            res[constraint] = getattr(annotation, constraint)
+        elif isinstance(annotation, type) and issubclass(annotation, PydanticMetadata):
+            # also support PydanticMetadata classes being used without initialisation,
+            # e.g. `Annotated[int, Strict]` as well as `Annotated[int, Strict()]`
+            res.update({k: v for k, v in vars(annotation).items() if not k.startswith('_')})
+        else:
+            remaining.append(annotation)
+    # Nones can sneak in but pydantic-core will reject them
+    # it'd be nice to clean things up so we don't put in None (we probably don't _need_ to, it was just easier)
+    # but this is simple enough to kick that can down the road
+    res = {k: v for k, v in res.items() if v is not None}
+    return res, remaining
+
+
+def check_metadata(metadata: dict[str, Any], allowed: Iterable[str], source_type: Any) -> None:
+    """A small utility function to validate that the given metadata can be applied to the target.
+    More than saving lines of code, this gives us a consistent error message for all of our internal implementations.
+
+    Args:
+        metadata: A dict of metadata.
+        allowed: An iterable of allowed metadata.
+        source_type: The source type.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If there is metadatas that can't be applied on source type.
+    """
+    unknown = metadata.keys() - set(allowed)
+    if unknown:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f'The following constraints cannot be applied to {source_type!r}: {", ".join([f"{k!r}" for k in unknown])}'
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_mock_val_ser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_mock_val_ser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9125ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_mock_val_ser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, SchemaSerializer, SchemaValidator
+
+from ..errors import PydanticErrorCodes, PydanticUserError
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ..type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+
+
+ValSer = TypeVar('ValSer', bound=Union[SchemaValidator, PluggableSchemaValidator, SchemaSerializer])
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class MockCoreSchema(Mapping[str, Any]):
+    """Mocker for `pydantic_core.CoreSchema` which optionally attempts to
+    rebuild the thing it's mocking when one of its methods is accessed and raises an error if that fails.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = '_error_message', '_code', '_attempt_rebuild', '_built_memo'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_message: str,
+        *,
+        code: PydanticErrorCodes,
+        attempt_rebuild: Callable[[], CoreSchema | None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._error_message = error_message
+        self._code: PydanticErrorCodes = code
+        self._attempt_rebuild = attempt_rebuild
+        self._built_memo: CoreSchema | None = None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self._get_built().__getitem__(key)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._get_built().__len__()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return self._get_built().__iter__()
+
+    def _get_built(self) -> CoreSchema:
+        if self._built_memo is not None:
+            return self._built_memo
+
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            schema = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if schema is not None:
+                self._built_memo = schema
+                return schema
+        raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+
+    def rebuild(self) -> CoreSchema | None:
+        self._built_memo = None
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            schema = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if schema is not None:
+                return schema
+            else:
+                raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+        return None
+
+
+class MockValSer(Generic[ValSer]):
+    """Mocker for `pydantic_core.SchemaValidator` or `pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer` which optionally attempts to
+    rebuild the thing it's mocking when one of its methods is accessed and raises an error if that fails.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = '_error_message', '_code', '_val_or_ser', '_attempt_rebuild'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_message: str,
+        *,
+        code: PydanticErrorCodes,
+        val_or_ser: Literal['validator', 'serializer'],
+        attempt_rebuild: Callable[[], ValSer | None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._error_message = error_message
+        self._val_or_ser = SchemaValidator if val_or_ser == 'validator' else SchemaSerializer
+        self._code: PydanticErrorCodes = code
+        self._attempt_rebuild = attempt_rebuild
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            val_ser = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if val_ser is not None:
+                return getattr(val_ser, item)
+
+        # raise an AttributeError if `item` doesn't exist
+        getattr(self._val_or_ser, item)
+        raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+
+    def rebuild(self) -> ValSer | None:
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            val_ser = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if val_ser is not None:
+                return val_ser
+            else:
+                raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+        return None
+
+
+def set_type_adapter_mocks(adapter: TypeAdapter) -> None:
+    """Set `core_schema`, `validator` and `serializer` to mock core types on a type adapter instance.
+
+    Args:
+        adapter: The type adapter instance to set the mocks on
+    """
+    type_repr = str(adapter._type)
+    undefined_type_error_message = (
+        f'`TypeAdapter[{type_repr}]` is not fully defined; you should define `{type_repr}` and all referenced types,'
+        f' then call `.rebuild()` on the instance.'
+    )
+
+    def attempt_rebuild_fn(attr_fn: Callable[[TypeAdapter], T]) -> Callable[[], T | None]:
+        def handler() -> T | None:
+            if adapter.rebuild(raise_errors=False, _parent_namespace_depth=5) is not False:
+                return attr_fn(adapter)
+            return None
+
+        return handler
+
+    adapter.core_schema = MockCoreSchema(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda ta: ta.core_schema),
+    )
+    adapter.validator = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='validator',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda ta: ta.validator),
+    )
+    adapter.serializer = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='serializer',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda ta: ta.serializer),
+    )
+
+
+def set_model_mocks(cls: type[BaseModel], undefined_name: str = 'all referenced types') -> None:
+    """Set `__pydantic_core_schema__`, `__pydantic_validator__` and `__pydantic_serializer__` to mock core types on a model.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The model class to set the mocks on
+        undefined_name: Name of the undefined thing, used in error messages
+    """
+    undefined_type_error_message = (
+        f'`{cls.__name__}` is not fully defined; you should define {undefined_name},'
+        f' then call `{cls.__name__}.model_rebuild()`.'
+    )
+
+    def attempt_rebuild_fn(attr_fn: Callable[[type[BaseModel]], T]) -> Callable[[], T | None]:
+        def handler() -> T | None:
+            if cls.model_rebuild(raise_errors=False, _parent_namespace_depth=5) is not False:
+                return attr_fn(cls)
+            return None
+
+        return handler
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = MockCoreSchema(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_core_schema__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='validator',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_validator__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='serializer',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_serializer__),
+    )
+
+
+def set_dataclass_mocks(cls: type[PydanticDataclass], undefined_name: str = 'all referenced types') -> None:
+    """Set `__pydantic_validator__` and `__pydantic_serializer__` to `MockValSer`s on a dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The model class to set the mocks on
+        undefined_name: Name of the undefined thing, used in error messages
+    """
+    from ..dataclasses import rebuild_dataclass
+
+    undefined_type_error_message = (
+        f'`{cls.__name__}` is not fully defined; you should define {undefined_name},'
+        f' then call `pydantic.dataclasses.rebuild_dataclass({cls.__name__})`.'
+    )
+
+    def attempt_rebuild_fn(attr_fn: Callable[[type[PydanticDataclass]], T]) -> Callable[[], T | None]:
+        def handler() -> T | None:
+            if rebuild_dataclass(cls, raise_errors=False, _parent_namespace_depth=5) is not False:
+                return attr_fn(cls)
+            return None
+
+        return handler
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = MockCoreSchema(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_core_schema__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='validator',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_validator__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='serializer',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_serializer__),
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b794544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+"""Private logic for creating models."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import operator
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from functools import cache, partial, wraps
+from types import FunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, NoReturn, TypeVar, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, SchemaSerializer
+from typing_extensions import TypeAliasType, dataclass_transform, deprecated, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation, PydanticUserError
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import create_schema_validator
+from ..warnings import GenericBeforeBaseModelWarning, PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+from ._decorators import DecoratorInfos, PydanticDescriptorProxy, get_attribute_from_bases, unwrap_wrapped_function
+from ._fields import collect_model_fields, is_valid_field_name, is_valid_privateattr_name, rebuild_model_fields
+from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema, InvalidSchemaError
+from ._generics import PydanticGenericMetadata, get_model_typevars_map
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model, import_cached_field_info
+from ._mock_val_ser import set_model_mocks
+from ._namespace_utils import NsResolver
+from ._signature import generate_pydantic_signature
+from ._typing_extra import (
+    _make_forward_ref,
+    eval_type_backport,
+    is_classvar_annotation,
+    parent_frame_namespace,
+)
+from ._utils import LazyClassAttribute, SafeGetItemProxy
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fields import Field as PydanticModelField
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo, ModelPrivateAttr
+    from ..fields import PrivateAttr as PydanticModelPrivateAttr
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ._fields import PydanticExtraInfo
+else:
+    PydanticModelField = object()
+    PydanticModelPrivateAttr = object()
+
+object_setattr = object.__setattr__
+
+
+class _ModelNamespaceDict(dict):
+    """A dictionary subclass that intercepts attribute setting on model classes and
+    warns about overriding of decorators.
+    """
+
+    def __setitem__(self, k: str, v: object) -> None:
+        existing: Any = self.get(k, None)
+        if existing and v is not existing and isinstance(existing, PydanticDescriptorProxy):
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'`{k}` overrides an existing Pydantic `{existing.decorator_info.decorator_repr}` decorator',
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        return super().__setitem__(k, v)
+
+
+def NoInitField(
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Only for typing purposes. Used as default value of `__pydantic_fields_set__`,
+    `__pydantic_extra__`, `__pydantic_private__`, so they could be ignored when
+    synthesizing the `__init__` signature.
+    """
+
+
+# For ModelMetaclass.register():
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=True, field_specifiers=(PydanticModelField, PydanticModelPrivateAttr, NoInitField))
+class ModelMetaclass(ABCMeta):
+    def __new__(
+        mcs,
+        cls_name: str,
+        bases: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+        namespace: dict[str, Any],
+        __pydantic_generic_metadata__: PydanticGenericMetadata | None = None,
+        __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__: bool = True,
+        _create_model_module: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> type:
+        """Metaclass for creating Pydantic models.
+
+        Args:
+            cls_name: The name of the class to be created.
+            bases: The base classes of the class to be created.
+            namespace: The attribute dictionary of the class to be created.
+            __pydantic_generic_metadata__: Metadata for generic models.
+            __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__: Reset parent namespace.
+            _create_model_module: The module of the class to be created, if created by `create_model`.
+            **kwargs: Catch-all for any other keyword arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new class created by the metaclass.
+        """
+        # Note `ModelMetaclass` refers to `BaseModel`, but is also used to *create* `BaseModel`, so we rely on the fact
+        # that `BaseModel` itself won't have any bases, but any subclass of it will, to determine whether the `__new__`
+        # call we're in the middle of is for the `BaseModel` class.
+        if bases:
+            raw_annotations: dict[str, Any]
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                if (
+                    '__annotations__' in namespace
+                ):  # `from __future__ import annotations` was used in the model's module
+                    raw_annotations = namespace['__annotations__']
+                else:
+                    # See https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/annotationlib.html#using-annotations-in-a-metaclass:
+                    from annotationlib import Format, call_annotate_function, get_annotate_from_class_namespace
+
+                    if annotate := get_annotate_from_class_namespace(namespace):
+                        raw_annotations = call_annotate_function(annotate, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+                    else:
+                        raw_annotations = {}
+            else:
+                raw_annotations = namespace.get('__annotations__', {})
+
+            base_field_names, class_vars, base_private_attributes = mcs._collect_bases_data(bases)
+
+            config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper.for_model(bases, namespace, raw_annotations, kwargs)
+            namespace['model_config'] = config_wrapper.config_dict
+            private_attributes = inspect_namespace(
+                namespace, raw_annotations, config_wrapper.ignored_types, class_vars, base_field_names
+            )
+            if private_attributes or base_private_attributes:
+                original_model_post_init = get_model_post_init(namespace, bases)
+                if original_model_post_init is not None:
+                    # if there are private attributes and a model_post_init function, we handle both
+
+                    @wraps(original_model_post_init)
+                    def wrapped_model_post_init(self: BaseModel, context: Any, /) -> None:
+                        """We need to both initialize private attributes and call the user-defined model_post_init
+                        method.
+                        """
+                        init_private_attributes(self, context)
+                        original_model_post_init(self, context)
+
+                    namespace['model_post_init'] = wrapped_model_post_init
+                else:
+                    namespace['model_post_init'] = init_private_attributes
+
+            namespace['__class_vars__'] = class_vars
+            namespace['__private_attributes__'] = {**base_private_attributes, **private_attributes}
+
+            cls = cast('type[BaseModel]', super().__new__(mcs, cls_name, bases, namespace, **kwargs))
+            BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+            mro = cls.__mro__
+            if Generic in mro and mro.index(Generic) < mro.index(BaseModel_):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    GenericBeforeBaseModelWarning(
+                        'Classes should inherit from `BaseModel` before generic classes (e.g. `typing.Generic[T]`) '
+                        'for pydantic generics to work properly.'
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+
+            cls.__pydantic_custom_init__ = not getattr(cls.__init__, '__pydantic_base_init__', False)
+            cls.__pydantic_post_init__ = (
+                None if cls.model_post_init is BaseModel_.model_post_init else 'model_post_init'
+            )
+
+            cls.__pydantic_setattr_handlers__ = {}
+
+            cls.__pydantic_decorators__ = DecoratorInfos.build(cls, replace_wrapped_methods=True)
+            cls.__pydantic_decorators__.update_from_config(config_wrapper)
+
+            # Use the getattr below to grab the __parameters__ from the `typing.Generic` parent class
+            if __pydantic_generic_metadata__:
+                cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__ = __pydantic_generic_metadata__
+            else:
+                parent_parameters = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', {}).get('parameters', ())
+                parameters = getattr(cls, '__parameters__', None) or parent_parameters
+                if parameters and parent_parameters and not all(x in parameters for x in parent_parameters):
+                    from ..root_model import RootModelRootType
+
+                    missing_parameters = tuple(x for x in parameters if x not in parent_parameters)
+                    if RootModelRootType in parent_parameters and RootModelRootType not in parameters:
+                        # This is a special case where the user has subclassed RootModel, but has not parameterized
+                        # RootModel with the generic type identifiers being used. Ex:
+                        # class MyModel(RootModel, Generic[T]):
+                        #    root: T
+                        # Should instead just be:
+                        # class MyModel(RootModel[T]):
+                        #   root: T
+                        parameters_str = ', '.join([x.__name__ for x in missing_parameters])
+                        error_message = (
+                            f'{cls.__name__} is a subclass of `RootModel`, but does not include the generic type identifier(s) '
+                            f'{parameters_str} in its parameters. '
+                            f'You should parametrize RootModel directly, e.g., `class {cls.__name__}(RootModel[{parameters_str}]): ...`.'
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        combined_parameters = parent_parameters + missing_parameters
+                        parameters_str = ', '.join([str(x) for x in combined_parameters])
+                        generic_type_label = f'typing.Generic[{parameters_str}]'
+                        error_message = (
+                            f'All parameters must be present on typing.Generic;'
+                            f' you should inherit from {generic_type_label}.'
+                        )
+                        if Generic not in bases:  # pragma: no cover
+                            # We raise an error here not because it is desirable, but because some cases are mishandled.
+                            # It would be nice to remove this error and still have things behave as expected, it's just
+                            # challenging because we are using a custom `__class_getitem__` to parametrize generic models,
+                            # and not returning a typing._GenericAlias from it.
+                            bases_str = ', '.join([x.__name__ for x in bases] + [generic_type_label])
+                            error_message += (
+                                f' Note: `typing.Generic` must go last: `class {cls.__name__}({bases_str}): ...`)'
+                            )
+                    raise TypeError(error_message)
+
+                cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__ = {
+                    'origin': None,
+                    'args': (),
+                    'parameters': parameters,
+                }
+
+            cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False  # Ensure this specific class gets completed
+
+            # preserve `__set_name__` protocol defined in https://peps.python.org/pep-0487
+            # for attributes not in `new_namespace` (e.g. private attributes)
+            for name, obj in private_attributes.items():
+                obj.__set_name__(cls, name)
+
+            if __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__:
+                cls.__pydantic_parent_namespace__ = build_lenient_weakvaluedict(parent_frame_namespace())
+            parent_namespace: dict[str, Any] | None = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_parent_namespace__', None)
+            if isinstance(parent_namespace, dict):
+                parent_namespace = unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(parent_namespace)
+
+            ns_resolver = NsResolver(parent_namespace=parent_namespace)
+
+            set_model_fields(cls, config_wrapper=config_wrapper, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+            # This is also set in `complete_model_class()`, after schema gen because they are recreated.
+            # We set them here as well for backwards compatibility:
+            cls.__pydantic_computed_fields__ = {
+                k: v.info for k, v in cls.__pydantic_decorators__.computed_fields.items()
+            }
+
+            if config_wrapper.defer_build:
+                set_model_mocks(cls)
+            else:
+                # Any operation that requires accessing the field infos instances should be put inside
+                # `complete_model_class()`:
+                complete_model_class(
+                    cls,
+                    config_wrapper,
+                    ns_resolver,
+                    raise_errors=False,
+                    create_model_module=_create_model_module,
+                )
+
+            if config_wrapper.frozen and '__hash__' not in namespace:
+                set_default_hash_func(cls, bases)
+
+            # using super(cls, cls) on the next line ensures we only call the parent class's __pydantic_init_subclass__
+            # I believe the `type: ignore` is only necessary because mypy doesn't realize that this code branch is
+            # only hit for _proper_ subclasses of BaseModel
+            super(cls, cls).__pydantic_init_subclass__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[misc]
+            return cls
+        else:
+            # These are instance variables, but have been assigned to `NoInitField` to trick the type checker.
+            for instance_slot in '__pydantic_fields_set__', '__pydantic_extra__', '__pydantic_private__':
+                namespace.pop(
+                    instance_slot,
+                    None,  # In case the metaclass is used with a class other than `BaseModel`.
+                )
+            namespace.get('__annotations__', {}).clear()
+            return super().__new__(mcs, cls_name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no branch
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            """This is necessary to keep attribute access working for class attribute access."""
+            private_attributes = self.__dict__.get('__private_attributes__')
+            if private_attributes and item in private_attributes:
+                return private_attributes[item]
+            raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __prepare__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> dict[str, object]:
+        return _ModelNamespaceDict()
+
+    # Due to performance and memory issues, in the ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__ implementation, we don't support
+    # registered virtual subclasses. See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92810#issuecomment-2762454345.
+    # This may change once CPython is fixed (possibly in 3.15), in which case we should conditionally
+    # define `register()`.
+    def register(self, subclass: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"For performance reasons, virtual subclasses registered using '{self.__qualname__}.register()' "
+            "are not supported in 'isinstance()' and 'issubclass()' checks.",
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return super().register(subclass)
+
+    __instancecheck__ = type.__instancecheck__  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+    __subclasscheck__ = type.__subclasscheck__  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _collect_bases_data(bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> tuple[set[str], set[str], dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]:
+        BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        field_names: set[str] = set()
+        class_vars: set[str] = set()
+        private_attributes: dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+        for base in bases:
+            if issubclass(base, BaseModel) and base is not BaseModel:
+                # model_fields might not be defined yet in the case of generics, so we use getattr here:
+                field_names.update(getattr(base, '__pydantic_fields__', {}).keys())
+                class_vars.update(base.__class_vars__)
+                private_attributes.update(base.__private_attributes__)
+        return field_names, class_vars, private_attributes
+
+    @property
+    @deprecated(
+        'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.', category=None
+    )
+    def __fields__(self) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return getattr(self, '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+
+    @property
+    def __pydantic_fields_complete__(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the fields were successfully collected (i.e. type hints were successfully resolved).
+
+        This is a private attribute, not meant to be used outside Pydantic.
+        """
+        if '__pydantic_fields__' not in self.__dict__:
+            return False
+
+        field_infos = cast('dict[str, FieldInfo]', self.__pydantic_fields__)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+        pydantic_extra_info = cast('PydanticExtraInfo | None', self.__pydantic_extra_info__)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        if pydantic_extra_info is not None:
+            extra_complete = pydantic_extra_info.complete
+        else:
+            extra_complete = True
+
+        return all(field_info._complete for field_info in field_infos.values()) and extra_complete
+
+    def __dir__(self) -> list[str]:
+        attributes = list(super().__dir__())
+        if '__fields__' in attributes:
+            attributes.remove('__fields__')
+        return attributes
+
+
+def init_private_attributes(self: BaseModel, context: Any, /) -> None:
+    """This function is meant to behave like a BaseModel method to initialize private attributes.
+
+    It takes context as an argument since that's what pydantic-core passes when calling it.
+
+    Args:
+        self: The BaseModel instance.
+        context: The context.
+    """
+    if getattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', None) is None:
+        pydantic_private = {}
+        for name, private_attr in self.__private_attributes__.items():
+            # Avoid needlessly creating a new dict for the validated data:
+            if private_attr.default_factory_takes_validated_data:
+                default = private_attr.get_default(
+                    call_default_factory=True, validated_data={**self.__dict__, **pydantic_private}
+                )
+            else:
+                default = private_attr.get_default(call_default_factory=True)
+            if default is not PydanticUndefined:
+                pydantic_private[name] = default
+        object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', pydantic_private)
+
+
+def get_model_post_init(namespace: dict[str, Any], bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
+    """Get the `model_post_init` method from the namespace or the class bases, or `None` if not defined."""
+    if 'model_post_init' in namespace:
+        return namespace['model_post_init']
+
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    model_post_init = get_attribute_from_bases(bases, 'model_post_init')
+    if model_post_init is not BaseModel.model_post_init:
+        return model_post_init
+
+
+def inspect_namespace(  # noqa C901
+    namespace: dict[str, Any],
+    raw_annotations: dict[str, Any],
+    ignored_types: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+    base_class_vars: set[str],
+    base_class_fields: set[str],
+) -> dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]:
+    """Iterate over the namespace and:
+    * gather private attributes
+    * check for items which look like fields but are not (e.g. have no annotation) and warn.
+
+    Args:
+        namespace: The attribute dictionary of the class to be created.
+        raw_annotations: The (non-evaluated) annotations of the model.
+        ignored_types: A tuple of ignore types.
+        base_class_vars: A set of base class class variables.
+        base_class_fields: A set of base class fields.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dict containing private attributes info.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If there is a `__root__` field in model.
+        NameError: If private attribute name is invalid.
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If a field does not have a type annotation.
+            - If a field on base class was overridden by a non-annotated attribute.
+    """
+    from ..fields import ModelPrivateAttr, PrivateAttr
+
+    FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    all_ignored_types = ignored_types + default_ignored_types()
+
+    private_attributes: dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+
+    if '__root__' in raw_annotations or '__root__' in namespace:
+        raise TypeError("To define root models, use `pydantic.RootModel` rather than a field called '__root__'")
+
+    ignored_names: set[str] = set()
+    for var_name, value in list(namespace.items()):
+        if var_name == 'model_config' or var_name == '__pydantic_extra__':
+            continue
+        elif (
+            isinstance(value, type)
+            and value.__module__ == namespace['__module__']
+            and '__qualname__' in namespace
+            and value.__qualname__.startswith(f'{namespace["__qualname__"]}.')
+        ):
+            # `value` is a nested type defined in this namespace; don't error
+            continue
+        elif isinstance(value, all_ignored_types) or value.__class__.__module__ == 'functools':
+            ignored_names.add(var_name)
+            continue
+        elif isinstance(value, ModelPrivateAttr):
+            if var_name.startswith('__'):
+                raise NameError(
+                    'Private attributes must not use dunder names;'
+                    f' use a single underscore prefix instead of {var_name!r}.'
+                )
+            elif is_valid_field_name(var_name):
+                raise NameError(
+                    'Private attributes must not use valid field names;'
+                    f' use sunder names, e.g. {"_" + var_name!r} instead of {var_name!r}.'
+                )
+            private_attributes[var_name] = value
+            del namespace[var_name]
+        elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo) and not is_valid_field_name(var_name):
+            suggested_name = var_name.lstrip('_') or 'my_field'  # don't suggest '' for all-underscore name
+            raise NameError(
+                f'Fields must not use names with leading underscores;'
+                f' e.g., use {suggested_name!r} instead of {var_name!r}.'
+            )
+
+        elif var_name.startswith('__'):
+            continue
+        elif is_valid_privateattr_name(var_name):
+            if var_name not in raw_annotations or not is_classvar_annotation(raw_annotations[var_name]):
+                private_attributes[var_name] = cast(ModelPrivateAttr, PrivateAttr(default=value))
+                del namespace[var_name]
+        elif var_name in base_class_vars:
+            continue
+        elif var_name not in raw_annotations:
+            if var_name in base_class_fields:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Field {var_name!r} defined on a base class was overridden by a non-annotated attribute. '
+                    f'All field definitions, including overrides, require a type annotation.',
+                    code='model-field-overridden',
+                )
+            elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo):
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Field {var_name!r} requires a type annotation', code='model-field-missing-annotation'
+                )
+            else:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'A non-annotated attribute was detected: `{var_name} = {value!r}`. All model fields require a '
+                    f'type annotation; if `{var_name}` is not meant to be a field, you may be able to resolve this '
+                    f"error by annotating it as a `ClassVar` or updating `model_config['ignored_types']`.",
+                    code='model-field-missing-annotation',
+                )
+
+    for ann_name, ann_type in raw_annotations.items():
+        if (
+            is_valid_privateattr_name(ann_name)
+            and ann_name not in private_attributes
+            and ann_name not in ignored_names
+            # This condition can be a false negative when `ann_type` is stringified,
+            # but it is handled in most cases in `set_model_fields`:
+            and not is_classvar_annotation(ann_type)
+            and ann_type not in all_ignored_types
+            and getattr(ann_type, '__module__', None) != 'functools'
+        ):
+            if isinstance(ann_type, str):
+                # Walking up the frames to get the module namespace where the model is defined
+                # (as the model class wasn't created yet, we unfortunately can't use `cls.__module__`):
+                frame = sys._getframe(2)
+                if frame is not None:
+                    try:
+                        ann_type = eval_type_backport(
+                            _make_forward_ref(ann_type, is_argument=False, is_class=True),
+                            globalns=frame.f_globals,
+                            localns=frame.f_locals,
+                        )
+                    except (NameError, TypeError):
+                        pass
+
+            if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(ann_type)):
+                _, *metadata = get_args(ann_type)
+                private_attr = next((v for v in metadata if isinstance(v, ModelPrivateAttr)), None)
+                if private_attr is not None:
+                    private_attributes[ann_name] = private_attr
+                    continue
+            private_attributes[ann_name] = PrivateAttr()
+
+    return private_attributes
+
+
+def set_default_hash_func(cls: type[BaseModel], bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> None:
+    base_hash_func = get_attribute_from_bases(bases, '__hash__')
+    new_hash_func = make_hash_func(cls)
+    if base_hash_func in {None, object.__hash__} or getattr(base_hash_func, '__code__', None) == new_hash_func.__code__:
+        # If `__hash__` is some default, we generate a hash function.
+        # It will be `None` if not overridden from BaseModel.
+        # It may be `object.__hash__` if there is another
+        # parent class earlier in the bases which doesn't override `__hash__` (e.g. `typing.Generic`).
+        # It may be a value set by `set_default_hash_func` if `cls` is a subclass of another frozen model.
+        # In the last case we still need a new hash function to account for new `model_fields`.
+        cls.__hash__ = new_hash_func
+
+
+def make_hash_func(cls: type[BaseModel]) -> Any:
+    getter = operator.itemgetter(*cls.__pydantic_fields__.keys()) if cls.__pydantic_fields__ else lambda _: 0
+
+    def hash_func(self: Any) -> int:
+        try:
+            return hash(getter(self.__dict__))
+        except KeyError:
+            # In rare cases (such as when using the deprecated copy method), the __dict__ may not contain
+            # all model fields, which is how we can get here.
+            # getter(self.__dict__) is much faster than any 'safe' method that accounts for missing keys,
+            # and wrapping it in a `try` doesn't slow things down much in the common case.
+            return hash(getter(SafeGetItemProxy(self.__dict__)))
+
+    return hash_func
+
+
+def set_model_fields(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+) -> None:
+    """Collect and set `cls.__pydantic_fields__` and `cls.__class_vars__`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: BaseModel or dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting model annotations.
+    """
+    typevars_map = get_model_typevars_map(cls)
+    fields, pydantic_extra_info, class_vars = collect_model_fields(
+        cls, config_wrapper, ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map
+    )
+
+    cls.__pydantic_fields__ = fields
+    cls.__pydantic_extra_info__ = pydantic_extra_info
+    cls.__class_vars__.update(class_vars)
+
+    for k in class_vars:
+        # Class vars should not be private attributes
+        #     We remove them _here_ and not earlier because we rely on inspecting the class to determine its classvars,
+        #     but private attributes are determined by inspecting the namespace _prior_ to class creation.
+        #     In the case that a classvar with a leading-'_' is defined via a ForwardRef (e.g., when using
+        #     `__future__.annotations`), we want to remove the private attribute which was detected _before_ we knew it
+        #     evaluated to a classvar
+
+        value = cls.__private_attributes__.pop(k, None)
+        if value is not None and value.default is not PydanticUndefined:
+            setattr(cls, k, value.default)
+
+
+def complete_model_class(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    *,
+    raise_errors: bool = True,
+    call_on_complete_hook: bool = True,
+    create_model_module: str | None = None,
+    is_force_rebuild: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Finish building a model class.
+
+    This logic must be called after class has been created since validation functions must be bound
+    and `get_type_hints` requires a class object.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: BaseModel or dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: The namespace resolver instance to use during schema building.
+        raise_errors: Whether to raise errors.
+        call_on_complete_hook: Whether to call the `__pydantic_on_complete__` hook.
+        create_model_module: The module of the class to be created, if created by `create_model`.
+        is_force_rebuild: Whether the model is being force-rebuilt (if True, pre-built serializers and
+                          validators are not used, to avoid stale references).
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the model is successfully completed, else `False`.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUndefinedAnnotation: If PydanticUndefinedAnnotation occurs in __get_pydantic_core_schema__
+            and `raise_errors=True`.
+    """
+    typevars_map = get_model_typevars_map(cls)
+
+    if not cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__:
+        # Note: when coming from `ModelMetaclass.__new__()`, this results in fields being built twice.
+        # We do so a second time here so that we can get the ``NameError`` for the specific undefined annotation.
+        # Alternatively, we could let `GenerateSchema()` raise the error, but there are cases where incomplete
+        # fields are inherited in `collect_model_fields()` and can actually have their annotation resolved in the
+        # generate schema process. As we want to avoid having `__pydantic_fields_complete__` set to `False`
+        # when `__pydantic_complete__` is `True`, we rebuild here:
+        try:
+            cls.__pydantic_fields__, cls.__pydantic_extra_info__ = rebuild_model_fields(
+                cls,
+                config_wrapper=config_wrapper,
+                ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
+                typevars_map=typevars_map,
+            )
+        except NameError as e:
+            exc = PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e)
+            set_model_mocks(cls, f'`{exc.name}`')
+            if raise_errors:
+                raise exc from e
+
+        if not raise_errors and not cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__:
+            # No need to continue with schema gen, it is guaranteed to fail
+            return False
+
+        assert cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__
+
+    gen_schema = GenerateSchema(
+        config_wrapper,
+        ns_resolver,
+        typevars_map,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.generate_schema(cls)
+    except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation as e:
+        if raise_errors:
+            raise
+        set_model_mocks(cls, f'`{e.name}`')
+        return False
+
+    core_config = config_wrapper.core_config(title=cls.__name__)
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(schema)
+    except InvalidSchemaError:
+        set_model_mocks(cls)
+        return False
+
+    # This needs to happen *after* model schema generation, as the return types
+    # of the properties are evaluated and the `ComputedFieldInfo` are recreated:
+    cls.__pydantic_computed_fields__ = {k: v.info for k, v in cls.__pydantic_decorators__.computed_fields.items()}
+
+    set_deprecated_descriptors(cls)
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = schema
+
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = create_schema_validator(
+        schema,
+        cls,
+        create_model_module or cls.__module__,
+        cls.__qualname__,
+        'create_model' if create_model_module else 'BaseModel',
+        core_config,
+        config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+        _use_prebuilt=not is_force_rebuild,
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(schema, core_config, _use_prebuilt=not is_force_rebuild)
+
+    # set __signature__ attr only for model class, but not for its instances
+    # (because instances can define `__call__`, and `inspect.signature` shouldn't
+    # use the `__signature__` attribute and instead generate from `__call__`).
+    cls.__signature__ = LazyClassAttribute(
+        '__signature__',
+        partial(
+            generate_pydantic_signature,
+            init=cls.__init__,
+            fields=cls.__pydantic_fields__,
+            validate_by_name=config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+            extra=config_wrapper.extra,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    cls.__pydantic_complete__ = True
+
+    if call_on_complete_hook:
+        cls.__pydantic_on_complete__()
+
+    return True
+
+
+def set_deprecated_descriptors(cls: type[BaseModel]) -> None:
+    """Set data descriptors on the class for deprecated fields."""
+    for field, field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+        if (msg := field_info.deprecation_message) is not None:
+            desc = _DeprecatedFieldDescriptor(msg)
+            desc.__set_name__(cls, field)
+            setattr(cls, field, desc)
+
+    for field, computed_field_info in cls.__pydantic_computed_fields__.items():
+        if (
+            (msg := computed_field_info.deprecation_message) is not None
+            # Avoid having two warnings emitted:
+            and not hasattr(unwrap_wrapped_function(computed_field_info.wrapped_property), '__deprecated__')
+        ):
+            desc = _DeprecatedFieldDescriptor(msg, computed_field_info.wrapped_property)
+            desc.__set_name__(cls, field)
+            setattr(cls, field, desc)
+
+
+class _DeprecatedFieldDescriptor:
+    """Read-only data descriptor used to emit a runtime deprecation warning before accessing a deprecated field.
+
+    Attributes:
+        msg: The deprecation message to be emitted.
+        wrapped_property: The property instance if the deprecated field is a computed field, or `None`.
+        field_name: The name of the field being deprecated.
+    """
+
+    field_name: str
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, wrapped_property: property | None = None) -> None:
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.wrapped_property = wrapped_property
+
+    def __set_name__(self, cls: type[BaseModel], name: str) -> None:
+        self.field_name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: BaseModel | None, obj_type: type[BaseModel] | None = None) -> Any:
+        if obj is None:
+            if self.wrapped_property is not None:
+                return self.wrapped_property.__get__(None, obj_type)
+            raise AttributeError(self.field_name)
+
+        warnings.warn(self.msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        if self.wrapped_property is not None:
+            return self.wrapped_property.__get__(obj, obj_type)
+        return obj.__dict__[self.field_name]
+
+    # Defined to make it a data descriptor and take precedence over the instance's dictionary.
+    # Note that it will not be called when setting a value on a model instance
+    # as `BaseModel.__setattr__` is defined and takes priority.
+    def __set__(self, obj: Any, value: Any) -> NoReturn:
+        raise AttributeError(self.field_name)
+
+
+class _PydanticWeakRef:
+    """Wrapper for `weakref.ref` that enables `pickle` serialization.
+
+    Cloudpickle fails to serialize weakref.ref objects due to an arcane error related to
+    to abstract base classes (`abc.ABC`). This class works around the issue by wrapping
+    `weakref.ref` instead of subclassing it.
+
+    See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/6763 for context.
+
+    Semantics:
+        - If not pickled, behaves the same as a `weakref.ref`.
+        - If pickled along with the referenced object, the same `weakref.ref` behavior
+          will be maintained between them after unpickling.
+        - If pickled without the referenced object, after unpickling the underlying
+          reference will be cleared (`__call__` will always return `None`).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, obj: Any):
+        if obj is None:
+            # The object will be `None` upon deserialization if the serialized weakref
+            # had lost its underlying object.
+            self._wr = None
+        else:
+            self._wr = weakref.ref(obj)
+
+    def __call__(self) -> Any:
+        if self._wr is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self._wr()
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[Callable, tuple[weakref.ReferenceType | None]]:
+        return _PydanticWeakRef, (self(),)
+
+
+def build_lenient_weakvaluedict(d: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Takes an input dictionary, and produces a new value that (invertibly) replaces the values with weakrefs.
+
+    We can't just use a WeakValueDictionary because many types (including int, str, etc.) can't be stored as values
+    in a WeakValueDictionary.
+
+    The `unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict` function can be used to reverse this operation.
+    """
+    if d is None:
+        return None
+    result = {}
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        try:
+            proxy = _PydanticWeakRef(v)
+        except TypeError:
+            proxy = v
+        result[k] = proxy
+    return result
+
+
+def unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(d: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Inverts the transform performed by `build_lenient_weakvaluedict`."""
+    if d is None:
+        return None
+
+    result = {}
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        if isinstance(v, _PydanticWeakRef):
+            v = v()
+            if v is not None:
+                result[k] = v
+        else:
+            result[k] = v
+    return result
+
+
+@cache
+def default_ignored_types() -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+
+    ignored_types = [
+        FunctionType,
+        property,
+        classmethod,
+        staticmethod,
+        PydanticDescriptorProxy,
+        ComputedFieldInfo,
+        TypeAliasType,  # from `typing_extensions`
+    ]
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        ignored_types.append(typing.TypeAliasType)
+
+    return tuple(ignored_types)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_namespace_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_namespace_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af0cddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_namespace_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterator, Mapping
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, TypeAlias, TypeAliasType, TypeVarTuple
+
+GlobalsNamespace: TypeAlias = 'dict[str, Any]'
+"""A global namespace.
+
+In most cases, this is a reference to the `__dict__` attribute of a module.
+This namespace type is expected as the `globals` argument during annotations evaluation.
+"""
+
+MappingNamespace: TypeAlias = Mapping[str, Any]
+"""Any kind of namespace.
+
+In most cases, this is a local namespace (e.g. the `__dict__` attribute of a class,
+the [`f_locals`][frame.f_locals] attribute of a frame object, when dealing with types
+defined inside functions).
+This namespace type is expected as the `locals` argument during annotations evaluation.
+"""
+
+_TypeVarLike: TypeAlias = 'TypeVar | ParamSpec | TypeVarTuple'
+
+
+class NamespacesTuple(NamedTuple):
+    """A tuple of globals and locals to be used during annotations evaluation.
+
+    This datastructure is defined as a named tuple so that it can easily be unpacked:
+
+    ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+    def eval_type(typ: type[Any], ns: NamespacesTuple) -> None:
+        return eval(typ, *ns)
+    ```
+    """
+
+    globals: GlobalsNamespace
+    """The namespace to be used as the `globals` argument during annotations evaluation."""
+
+    locals: MappingNamespace
+    """The namespace to be used as the `locals` argument during annotations evaluation."""
+
+
+def get_module_ns_of(obj: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get the namespace of the module where the object is defined.
+
+    Caution: this function does not return a copy of the module namespace, so the result
+    should not be mutated. The burden of enforcing this is on the caller.
+    """
+    module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
+    if module_name:
+        try:
+            return sys.modules[module_name].__dict__
+        except KeyError:
+            # happens occasionally, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/2363
+            return {}
+    return {}
+
+
+# Note that this class is almost identical to `collections.ChainMap`, but need to enforce
+# immutable mappings here:
+class LazyLocalNamespace(Mapping[str, Any]):
+    """A lazily evaluated mapping, to be used as the `locals` argument during annotations evaluation.
+
+    While the [`eval`][eval] function expects a mapping as the `locals` argument, it only
+    performs `__getitem__` calls. The [`Mapping`][collections.abc.Mapping] abstract base class
+    is fully implemented only for type checking purposes.
+
+    Args:
+        *namespaces: The namespaces to consider, in ascending order of priority.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+        ns = LazyLocalNamespace({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 3})
+        ns['a']
+        #> 3
+        ns['b']
+        #> 2
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *namespaces: MappingNamespace) -> None:
+        self._namespaces = namespaces
+
+    @cached_property
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {k: v for ns in self._namespaces for k, v in ns.items()}
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self.data[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
+        return key in self.data
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self.data)
+
+
+def ns_for_function(obj: Callable[..., Any], parent_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None) -> NamespacesTuple:
+    """Return the global and local namespaces to be used when evaluating annotations for the provided function.
+
+    The global namespace will be the `__dict__` attribute of the module the function was defined in.
+    The local namespace will contain the `__type_params__` introduced by PEP 695.
+
+    Args:
+        obj: The object to use when building namespaces.
+        parent_namespace: Optional namespace to be added with the lowest priority in the local namespace.
+            If the passed function is a method, the `parent_namespace` will be the namespace of the class
+            the method is defined in. Thus, we also fetch type `__type_params__` from there (i.e. the
+            class-scoped type variables).
+    """
+    locals_list: list[MappingNamespace] = []
+    if parent_namespace is not None:
+        locals_list.append(parent_namespace)
+
+    # Get the `__type_params__` attribute introduced by PEP 695.
+    # Note that the `typing._eval_type` function expects type params to be
+    # passed as a separate argument. However, internally, `_eval_type` calls
+    # `ForwardRef._evaluate` which will merge type params with the localns,
+    # essentially mimicking what we do here.
+    type_params: tuple[_TypeVarLike, ...] = getattr(obj, '__type_params__', ())
+    if parent_namespace is not None:
+        # We also fetch type params from the parent namespace. If present, it probably
+        # means the function was defined in a class. This is to support the following:
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/124089.
+        type_params += parent_namespace.get('__type_params__', ())
+
+    locals_list.append({t.__name__: t for t in type_params})
+
+    # What about short-circuiting to `obj.__globals__`?
+    globalns = get_module_ns_of(obj)
+
+    return NamespacesTuple(globalns, LazyLocalNamespace(*locals_list))
+
+
+class NsResolver:
+    """A class responsible for the namespaces resolving logic for annotations evaluation.
+
+    This class handles the namespace logic when evaluating annotations mainly for class objects.
+
+    It holds a stack of classes that are being inspected during the core schema building,
+    and the `types_namespace` property exposes the globals and locals to be used for
+    type annotation evaluation. Additionally -- if no class is present in the stack -- a
+    fallback globals and locals can be provided using the `namespaces_tuple` argument
+    (this is useful when generating a schema for a simple annotation, e.g. when using
+    `TypeAdapter`).
+
+    The namespace creation logic is unfortunately flawed in some cases, for backwards
+    compatibility reasons and to better support valid edge cases. See the description
+    for the `parent_namespace` argument and the example for more details.
+
+    Args:
+        namespaces_tuple: The default globals and locals to use if no class is present
+            on the stack. This can be useful when using the `GenerateSchema` class
+            with `TypeAdapter`, where the "type" being analyzed is a simple annotation.
+        parent_namespace: An optional parent namespace that will be added to the locals
+            with the lowest priority. For a given class defined in a function, the locals
+            of this function are usually used as the parent namespace:
+
+            ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+            from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+            def func() -> None:
+                SomeType = int
+
+                class Model(BaseModel):
+                    f: 'SomeType'
+
+                # when collecting fields, an namespace resolver instance will be created
+                # this way:
+                # ns_resolver = NsResolver(parent_namespace={'SomeType': SomeType})
+            ```
+
+            For backwards compatibility reasons and to support valid edge cases, this parent
+            namespace will be used for *every* type being pushed to the stack. In the future,
+            we might want to be smarter by only doing so when the type being pushed is defined
+            in the same module as the parent namespace.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+        ns_resolver = NsResolver(
+            parent_namespace={'fallback': 1},
+        )
+
+        class Sub:
+            m: 'Model'
+
+        class Model:
+            some_local = 1
+            sub: Sub
+
+        ns_resolver = NsResolver()
+
+        # This is roughly what happens when we build a core schema for `Model`:
+        with ns_resolver.push(Model):
+            ns_resolver.types_namespace
+            #> NamespacesTuple({'Sub': Sub}, {'Model': Model, 'some_local': 1})
+            # First thing to notice here, the model being pushed is added to the locals.
+            # Because `NsResolver` is being used during the model definition, it is not
+            # yet added to the globals. This is useful when resolving self-referencing annotations.
+
+            with ns_resolver.push(Sub):
+                ns_resolver.types_namespace
+                #> NamespacesTuple({'Sub': Sub}, {'Sub': Sub, 'Model': Model})
+                # Second thing to notice: `Sub` is present in both the globals and locals.
+                # This is not an issue, just that as described above, the model being pushed
+                # is added to the locals, but it happens to be present in the globals as well
+                # because it is already defined.
+                # Third thing to notice: `Model` is also added in locals. This is a backwards
+                # compatibility workaround that allows for `Sub` to be able to resolve `'Model'`
+                # correctly (as otherwise models would have to be rebuilt even though this
+                # doesn't look necessary).
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        namespaces_tuple: NamespacesTuple | None = None,
+        parent_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._base_ns_tuple = namespaces_tuple or NamespacesTuple({}, {})
+        self._parent_ns = parent_namespace
+        self._types_stack: list[type[Any] | TypeAliasType] = []
+
+    @cached_property
+    def types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        """The current global and local namespaces to be used for annotations evaluation."""
+        if not self._types_stack:
+            # TODO: should we merge the parent namespace here?
+            # This is relevant for TypeAdapter, where there are no types on the stack, and we might
+            # need access to the parent_ns. Right now, we sidestep this in `type_adapter.py` by passing
+            # locals to both parent_ns and the base_ns_tuple, but this is a bit hacky.
+            # we might consider something like:
+            # if self._parent_ns is not None:
+            #     # Hacky workarounds, see class docstring:
+            #     # An optional parent namespace that will be added to the locals with the lowest priority
+            #     locals_list: list[MappingNamespace] = [self._parent_ns, self._base_ns_tuple.locals]
+            #     return NamespacesTuple(self._base_ns_tuple.globals, LazyLocalNamespace(*locals_list))
+            return self._base_ns_tuple
+
+        typ = self._types_stack[-1]
+
+        globalns = get_module_ns_of(typ)
+
+        locals_list: list[MappingNamespace] = []
+        # Hacky workarounds, see class docstring:
+        # An optional parent namespace that will be added to the locals with the lowest priority
+        if self._parent_ns is not None:
+            locals_list.append(self._parent_ns)
+        if len(self._types_stack) > 1:
+            first_type = self._types_stack[0]
+            locals_list.append({first_type.__name__: first_type})
+
+        # Adding `__type_params__` *before* `vars(typ)`, as the latter takes priority
+        # (see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/120272).
+        # TODO `typ.__type_params__` when we drop support for Python 3.11:
+        type_params: tuple[_TypeVarLike, ...] = getattr(typ, '__type_params__', ())
+        if type_params:
+            # Adding `__type_params__` is mostly useful for generic classes defined using
+            # PEP 695 syntax *and* using forward annotations (see the example in
+            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/114053). For TypeAliasType instances,
+            # it is way less common, but still required if using a string annotation in the alias
+            # value, e.g. `type A[T] = 'T'` (which is not necessary in most cases).
+            locals_list.append({t.__name__: t for t in type_params})
+
+        # TypeAliasType instances don't have a `__dict__` attribute, so the check
+        # is necessary:
+        if hasattr(typ, '__dict__'):
+            locals_list.append(vars(typ))
+
+        # The `len(self._types_stack) > 1` check above prevents this from being added twice:
+        locals_list.append({typ.__name__: typ})
+
+        return NamespacesTuple(globalns, LazyLocalNamespace(*locals_list))
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, typ: type[Any] | TypeAliasType, /) -> Generator[None]:
+        """Push a type to the stack."""
+        self._types_stack.append(typ)
+        # Reset the cached property:
+        self.__dict__.pop('types_namespace', None)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._types_stack.pop()
+            self.__dict__.pop('types_namespace', None)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_repr.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_repr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e80a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_repr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""Tools to provide pretty/human-readable display of objects."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import types
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Generator, Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ForwardRef, cast
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from . import _typing_extra
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TODO remove type error comments when we drop support for Python 3.9
+    ReprArgs: TypeAlias = Iterable[tuple[str | None, Any]]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+    RichReprResult: TypeAlias = Iterable[Any | tuple[Any] | tuple[str, Any] | tuple[str, Any, Any]]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+
+
+class PlainRepr(str):
+    """String class where repr doesn't include quotes. Useful with Representation when you want to return a string
+    representation of something that is valid (or pseudo-valid) python.
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Representation:
+    # Mixin to provide `__str__`, `__repr__`, and `__pretty__` and `__rich_repr__` methods.
+    # `__pretty__` is used by [devtools](https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/).
+    # `__rich_repr__` is used by [rich](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pretty.html).
+    # (this is not a docstring to avoid adding a docstring to classes which inherit from Representation)
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> ReprArgs:
+        """Returns the attributes to show in __str__, __repr__, and __pretty__ this is generally overridden.
+
+        Can either return:
+        * name - value pairs, e.g.: `[('foo_name', 'foo'), ('bar_name', ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        * or, just values, e.g.: `[(None, 'foo'), (None, ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        """
+        attrs_names = cast(Collection[str], self.__slots__)
+        if not attrs_names and hasattr(self, '__dict__'):
+            attrs_names = self.__dict__.keys()
+        attrs = ((s, getattr(self, s)) for s in attrs_names)
+        return [(a, v if v is not self else self.__repr_recursion__(v)) for a, v in attrs if v is not None]
+
+    def __repr_name__(self) -> str:
+        """Name of the instance's class, used in __repr__."""
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def __repr_recursion__(self, object: Any) -> str:
+        """Returns the string representation of a recursive object."""
+        # This is copied over from the stdlib `pprint` module:
+        return f'<Recursion on {type(object).__name__} with id={id(object)}>'
+
+    def __repr_str__(self, join_str: str) -> str:
+        return join_str.join(repr(v) if a is None else f'{a}={v!r}' for a, v in self.__repr_args__())
+
+    def __pretty__(self, fmt: Callable[[Any], Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[Any]:
+        """Used by devtools (https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to pretty print objects."""
+        yield self.__repr_name__() + '('
+        yield 1
+        for name, value in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is not None:
+                yield name + '='
+            yield fmt(value)
+            yield ','
+            yield 0
+        yield -1
+        yield ')'
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> RichReprResult:
+        """Used by Rich (https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pretty.html) to pretty print objects."""
+        for name, field_repr in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is None:
+                yield field_repr
+            else:
+                yield name, field_repr
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__repr_str__(' ')
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'
+
+
+def display_as_type(obj: Any) -> str:
+    """Pretty representation of a type, should be as close as possible to the original type definition string.
+
+    Takes some logic from `typing._type_repr`.
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, (types.FunctionType, types.BuiltinFunctionType)):
+        return obj.__name__
+    elif obj is ...:
+        return '...'
+    elif isinstance(obj, Representation):
+        return repr(obj)
+    elif isinstance(obj, ForwardRef) or typing_objects.is_typealiastype(obj):
+        return str(obj)
+
+    if not isinstance(obj, (_typing_extra.typing_base, _typing_extra.WithArgsTypes, type)):
+        obj = obj.__class__
+
+    if is_union_origin(typing_extensions.get_origin(obj)):
+        args = ', '.join(map(display_as_type, typing_extensions.get_args(obj)))
+        return f'Union[{args}]'
+    elif isinstance(obj, _typing_extra.WithArgsTypes):
+        if typing_objects.is_literal(typing_extensions.get_origin(obj)):
+            args = ', '.join(map(repr, typing_extensions.get_args(obj)))
+        else:
+            args = ', '.join(map(display_as_type, typing_extensions.get_args(obj)))
+        try:
+            return f'{obj.__qualname__}[{args}]'
+        except AttributeError:
+            return str(obj).replace('typing.', '').replace('typing_extensions.', '')  # handles TypeAliasType in 3.12
+    elif isinstance(obj, type):
+        return obj.__qualname__
+    else:
+        return repr(obj).replace('typing.', '').replace('typing_extensions.', '')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_gather.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_gather.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e07b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_gather.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# pyright: reportTypedDictNotRequiredAccess=false, reportGeneralTypeIssues=false, reportArgumentType=false, reportAttributeAccessIssue=false
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import TypedDict
+
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
+    ComputedField,
+    CoreSchema,
+    DefinitionReferenceSchema,
+    SerSchema,
+    iter_union_choices,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+
+AllSchemas: TypeAlias = 'CoreSchema | SerSchema | ComputedField'
+
+
+class GatherResult(TypedDict):
+    """Schema traversing result."""
+
+    collected_references: dict[str, DefinitionReferenceSchema | None]
+    """The collected definition references.
+
+    If a definition reference schema can be inlined, it means that there is
+    only one in the whole core schema. As such, it is stored as the value.
+    Otherwise, the value is set to `None`.
+    """
+
+    deferred_discriminator_schemas: list[CoreSchema]
+    """The list of core schemas having the discriminator application deferred."""
+
+
+class MissingDefinitionError(LookupError):
+    """A reference was pointing to a non-existing core schema."""
+
+    def __init__(self, schema_reference: str, /) -> None:
+        self.schema_reference = schema_reference
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GatherContext:
+    """The current context used during core schema traversing.
+
+    Context instances should only be used during schema traversing.
+    """
+
+    definitions: dict[str, CoreSchema]
+    """The available definitions."""
+
+    deferred_discriminator_schemas: list[CoreSchema] = field(init=False, default_factory=list)
+    """The list of core schemas having the discriminator application deferred.
+
+    Internally, these core schemas have a specific key set in the core metadata dict.
+    """
+
+    collected_references: dict[str, DefinitionReferenceSchema | None] = field(init=False, default_factory=dict)
+    """The collected definition references.
+
+    If a definition reference schema can be inlined, it means that there is
+    only one in the whole core schema. As such, it is stored as the value.
+    Otherwise, the value is set to `None`.
+
+    During schema traversing, definition reference schemas can be added as candidates, or removed
+    (by setting the value to `None`).
+    """
+
+
+def traverse_metadata(schema: AllSchemas, ctx: GatherContext) -> None:
+    meta = schema.get('metadata')
+    if meta is not None and 'pydantic_internal_union_discriminator' in meta:
+        ctx.deferred_discriminator_schemas.append(schema)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+
+def traverse_definition_ref(def_ref_schema: DefinitionReferenceSchema, ctx: GatherContext) -> None:
+    schema_ref = def_ref_schema['schema_ref']
+
+    if schema_ref not in ctx.collected_references:
+        definition = ctx.definitions.get(schema_ref)
+        if definition is None:
+            raise MissingDefinitionError(schema_ref)
+
+        # The `'definition-ref'` schema was only encountered once, make it
+        # a candidate to be inlined:
+        ctx.collected_references[schema_ref] = def_ref_schema
+        traverse_schema(definition, ctx)
+        if 'serialization' in def_ref_schema:
+            traverse_schema(def_ref_schema['serialization'], ctx)
+        traverse_metadata(def_ref_schema, ctx)
+    else:
+        # The `'definition-ref'` schema was already encountered, meaning
+        # the previously encountered schema (and this one) can't be inlined:
+        ctx.collected_references[schema_ref] = None
+
+
+def traverse_schema(schema: AllSchemas, context: GatherContext) -> None:
+    # TODO When we drop 3.9, use a match statement to get better type checking and remove
+    # file-level type ignore.
+    # (the `'type'` could also be fetched in every `if/elif` statement, but this alters performance).
+    schema_type = schema['type']
+
+    if schema_type == 'definition-ref':
+        traverse_definition_ref(schema, context)
+        # `traverse_definition_ref` handles the possible serialization and metadata schemas:
+        return
+    elif schema_type == 'definitions':
+        traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+        for definition in schema['definitions']:
+            traverse_schema(definition, context)
+    elif schema_type in {'list', 'set', 'frozenset', 'generator'}:
+        if 'items_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['items_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'tuple':
+        if 'items_schema' in schema:
+            for s in schema['items_schema']:
+                traverse_schema(s, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'dict':
+        if 'keys_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['keys_schema'], context)
+        if 'values_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['values_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'union':
+        for choice in iter_union_choices(schema):
+            traverse_schema(choice, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'tagged-union':
+        for v in schema['choices'].values():
+            traverse_schema(v, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'chain':
+        for step in schema['steps']:
+            traverse_schema(step, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'lax-or-strict':
+        traverse_schema(schema['lax_schema'], context)
+        traverse_schema(schema['strict_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'json-or-python':
+        traverse_schema(schema['json_schema'], context)
+        traverse_schema(schema['python_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type in {'model-fields', 'typed-dict'}:
+        if 'extras_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['extras_schema'], context)
+        if 'computed_fields' in schema:
+            for s in schema['computed_fields']:
+                traverse_schema(s, context)
+        for s in schema['fields'].values():
+            traverse_schema(s, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'dataclass-args':
+        if 'computed_fields' in schema:
+            for s in schema['computed_fields']:
+                traverse_schema(s, context)
+        for s in schema['fields']:
+            traverse_schema(s, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'arguments':
+        for s in schema['arguments_schema']:
+            traverse_schema(s['schema'], context)
+        if 'var_args_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['var_args_schema'], context)
+        if 'var_kwargs_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['var_kwargs_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'arguments-v3':
+        for s in schema['arguments_schema']:
+            traverse_schema(s['schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'call':
+        traverse_schema(schema['arguments_schema'], context)
+        if 'return_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'computed-field':
+        traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'function-before':
+        if 'schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+        if 'json_schema_input_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['json_schema_input_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'function-plain':
+        # TODO duplicate schema types for serializers and validators, needs to be deduplicated.
+        if 'return_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+        if 'json_schema_input_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['json_schema_input_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'function-wrap':
+        # TODO duplicate schema types for serializers and validators, needs to be deduplicated.
+        if 'return_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+        if 'schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+        if 'json_schema_input_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['json_schema_input_schema'], context)
+    else:
+        if 'schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+
+    if 'serialization' in schema:
+        traverse_schema(schema['serialization'], context)
+    traverse_metadata(schema, context)
+
+
+def gather_schemas_for_cleaning(schema: CoreSchema, definitions: dict[str, CoreSchema]) -> GatherResult:
+    """Traverse the core schema and definitions and return the necessary information for schema cleaning.
+
+    During the core schema traversing, any `'definition-ref'` schema is:
+
+    - Validated: the reference must point to an existing definition. If this is not the case, a
+      `MissingDefinitionError` exception is raised.
+    - Stored in the context: the actual reference is stored in the context. Depending on whether
+      the `'definition-ref'` schema is encountered more that once, the schema itself is also
+      saved in the context to be inlined (i.e. replaced by the definition it points to).
+    """
+    context = GatherContext(definitions)
+    traverse_schema(schema, context)
+
+    return {
+        'collected_references': context.collected_references,
+        'deferred_discriminator_schemas': context.deferred_discriminator_schemas,
+    }
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_generation_shared.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_generation_shared.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b231a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_generation_shared.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Types and utility functions used by various other internal tools."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+from ..annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema, JsonSchemaValue
+    from ._core_utils import CoreSchemaOrField
+    from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema
+    from ._namespace_utils import NamespacesTuple
+
+    GetJsonSchemaFunction = Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField, GetJsonSchemaHandler], JsonSchemaValue]
+    HandlerOverride = Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField], JsonSchemaValue]
+
+
+class GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(GetJsonSchemaHandler):
+    """JsonSchemaHandler implementation that doesn't do ref unwrapping by default.
+
+    This is used for any Annotated metadata so that we don't end up with conflicting
+    modifications to the definition schema.
+
+    Used internally by Pydantic, please do not rely on this implementation.
+    See `GetJsonSchemaHandler` for the handler API.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, generate_json_schema: GenerateJsonSchema, handler_override: HandlerOverride | None) -> None:
+        self.generate_json_schema = generate_json_schema
+        self.handler = handler_override or generate_json_schema.generate_inner
+        self.mode = generate_json_schema.mode
+
+    def __call__(self, core_schema: CoreSchemaOrField, /) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        return self.handler(core_schema)
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Resolves `$ref` in the json schema.
+
+        This returns the input json schema if there is no `$ref` in json schema.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_json_schema: The input json schema that may contains `$ref`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolved json schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If it can't find the definition for `$ref`.
+        """
+        if '$ref' not in maybe_ref_json_schema:
+            return maybe_ref_json_schema
+        ref = maybe_ref_json_schema['$ref']
+        json_schema = self.generate_json_schema.get_schema_from_definitions(ref)
+        if json_schema is None:
+            raise LookupError(
+                f'Could not find a ref for {ref}.'
+                ' Maybe you tried to call resolve_ref_schema from within a recursive model?'
+            )
+        return json_schema
+
+
+class CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(GetCoreSchemaHandler):
+    """Wrapper to use an arbitrary function as a `GetCoreSchemaHandler`.
+
+    Used internally by Pydantic, please do not rely on this implementation.
+    See `GetCoreSchemaHandler` for the handler API.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[Any], core_schema.CoreSchema],
+        generate_schema: GenerateSchema,
+        ref_mode: Literal['to-def', 'unpack'] = 'to-def',
+    ) -> None:
+        self._handler = handler
+        self._generate_schema = generate_schema
+        self._ref_mode = ref_mode
+
+    def __call__(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = self._handler(source_type)
+        if self._ref_mode == 'to-def':
+            ref = schema.get('ref')
+            if ref is not None:
+                return self._generate_schema.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+            return schema
+        else:  # ref_mode = 'unpack'
+            return self.resolve_ref_schema(schema)
+
+    def _get_types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        return self._generate_schema._types_namespace
+
+    def generate_schema(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return self._generate_schema.generate_schema(source_type)
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._generate_schema.field_name_stack.get()
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Resolves reference in the core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_schema: The input core schema that may contains reference.
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolved core schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If it can't find the definition for reference.
+        """
+        if maybe_ref_schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            ref = maybe_ref_schema['schema_ref']
+            definition = self._generate_schema.defs.get_schema_from_ref(ref)
+            if definition is None:
+                raise LookupError(
+                    f'Could not find a ref for {ref}.'
+                    ' Maybe you tried to call resolve_ref_schema from within a recursive model?'
+                )
+            return definition
+        elif maybe_ref_schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+            return self.resolve_ref_schema(maybe_ref_schema['schema'])
+        return maybe_ref_schema
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_serializers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_serializers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4058e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_serializers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import typing
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticOmit, core_schema
+
+SEQUENCE_ORIGIN_MAP: dict[Any, Any] = {
+    typing.Deque: collections.deque,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.deque: collections.deque,
+    list: list,
+    typing.List: list,  # noqa: UP006
+    tuple: tuple,
+    typing.Tuple: tuple,  # noqa: UP006
+    set: set,
+    typing.AbstractSet: set,
+    typing.Set: set,  # noqa: UP006
+    frozenset: frozenset,
+    typing.FrozenSet: frozenset,  # noqa: UP006
+    typing.Sequence: list,
+    typing.MutableSequence: list,
+    typing.MutableSet: set,
+    # this doesn't handle subclasses of these
+    # parametrized typing.Set creates one of these
+    collections.abc.MutableSet: set,
+    collections.abc.Set: frozenset,
+}
+
+
+def serialize_sequence_via_list(
+    v: Any, handler: core_schema.SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo
+) -> Any:
+    items: list[Any] = []
+
+    mapped_origin = SEQUENCE_ORIGIN_MAP.get(type(v), None)
+    if mapped_origin is None:
+        # we shouldn't hit this branch, should probably add a serialization error or something
+        return v
+
+    for index, item in enumerate(v):
+        try:
+            v = handler(item, index)
+        except PydanticOmit:  # noqa: PERF203
+            pass
+        else:
+            items.append(v)
+
+    if info.mode_is_json():
+        return items
+    else:
+        return mapped_origin(items)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_signature.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_signature.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b0c5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_signature.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+
+from ._typing_extra import signature_no_eval
+from ._utils import is_valid_identifier
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..config import ExtraValues
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo
+
+
+# Copied over from stdlib dataclasses
+class _HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<factory>'
+
+
+_HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY = _HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS()
+
+
+def _field_name_for_signature(field_name: str, field_info: FieldInfo) -> str:
+    """Extract the correct name to use for the field when generating a signature.
+
+    Assuming the field has a valid alias, this will return the alias. Otherwise, it will return the field name.
+    First priority is given to the alias, then the validation_alias, then the field name.
+
+    Args:
+        field_name: The name of the field
+        field_info: The corresponding FieldInfo object.
+
+    Returns:
+        The correct name to use when generating a signature.
+    """
+    if isinstance(field_info.alias, str) and is_valid_identifier(field_info.alias):
+        return field_info.alias
+    if isinstance(field_info.validation_alias, str) and is_valid_identifier(field_info.validation_alias):
+        return field_info.validation_alias
+
+    return field_name
+
+
+def _process_param_defaults(param: Parameter) -> Parameter:
+    """Modify the signature for a parameter in a dataclass where the default value is a FieldInfo instance.
+
+    Args:
+        param (Parameter): The parameter
+
+    Returns:
+        Parameter: The custom processed parameter
+    """
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo
+
+    param_default = param.default
+    if isinstance(param_default, FieldInfo):
+        annotation = param.annotation
+        # Replace the annotation if appropriate
+        # inspect does "clever" things to show annotations as strings because we have
+        # `from __future__ import annotations` in main, we don't want that
+        if annotation == 'Any':
+            annotation = Any
+
+        # Replace the field default
+        default = param_default.default
+        if default is PydanticUndefined:
+            if param_default.default_factory is None:
+                default = Signature.empty
+            else:
+                # this is used by dataclasses to indicate a factory exists:
+                default = dataclasses._HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY  # type: ignore
+        return param.replace(
+            annotation=annotation, name=_field_name_for_signature(param.name, param_default), default=default
+        )
+    return param
+
+
+def _generate_signature_parameters(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity, could use a refactor)
+    init: Callable[..., None],
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo],
+    validate_by_name: bool,
+    extra: ExtraValues | None,
+) -> dict[str, Parameter]:
+    """Generate a mapping of parameter names to Parameter objects for a pydantic BaseModel or dataclass."""
+    from itertools import islice
+
+    present_params = signature_no_eval(init).parameters.values()
+    merged_params: dict[str, Parameter] = {}
+    var_kw = None
+    use_var_kw = False
+
+    for param in islice(present_params, 1, None):  # skip self arg
+        # inspect does "clever" things to show annotations as strings because we have
+        # `from __future__ import annotations` in main, we don't want that
+        if fields.get(param.name):
+            # exclude params with init=False
+            if getattr(fields[param.name], 'init', True) is False:
+                continue
+            param = param.replace(name=_field_name_for_signature(param.name, fields[param.name]))
+        if param.annotation == 'Any':
+            param = param.replace(annotation=Any)
+        if param.kind is param.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            var_kw = param
+            continue
+        merged_params[param.name] = param
+
+    if var_kw:  # if custom init has no var_kw, fields which are not declared in it cannot be passed through
+        allow_names = validate_by_name
+        for field_name, field in fields.items():
+            # when alias is a str it should be used for signature generation
+            param_name = _field_name_for_signature(field_name, field)
+
+            if field_name in merged_params or param_name in merged_params:
+                continue
+
+            if not is_valid_identifier(param_name):
+                if allow_names:
+                    param_name = field_name
+                else:
+                    use_var_kw = True
+                    continue
+
+            if field.is_required():
+                default = Parameter.empty
+            elif field.default_factory is not None:
+                # Mimics stdlib dataclasses:
+                default = _HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY
+            else:
+                default = field.default
+            merged_params[param_name] = Parameter(
+                param_name,
+                Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY,
+                annotation=field.rebuild_annotation(),
+                default=default,
+            )
+
+    if extra == 'allow':
+        use_var_kw = True
+
+    if var_kw and use_var_kw:
+        # Make sure the parameter for extra kwargs
+        # does not have the same name as a field
+        default_model_signature = [
+            ('self', Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY),
+            ('data', Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD),
+        ]
+        if [(p.name, p.kind) for p in present_params] == default_model_signature:
+            # if this is the standard model signature, use extra_data as the extra args name
+            var_kw_name = 'extra_data'
+        else:
+            # else start from var_kw
+            var_kw_name = var_kw.name
+
+        # generate a name that's definitely unique
+        while var_kw_name in fields:
+            var_kw_name += '_'
+        merged_params[var_kw_name] = var_kw.replace(name=var_kw_name)
+
+    return merged_params
+
+
+def generate_pydantic_signature(
+    init: Callable[..., None],
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo],
+    validate_by_name: bool,
+    extra: ExtraValues | None,
+    is_dataclass: bool = False,
+) -> Signature:
+    """Generate signature for a pydantic BaseModel or dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        init: The class init.
+        fields: The model fields.
+        validate_by_name: The `validate_by_name` value of the config.
+        extra: The `extra` value of the config.
+        is_dataclass: Whether the model is a dataclass.
+
+    Returns:
+        The dataclass/BaseModel subclass signature.
+    """
+    merged_params = _generate_signature_parameters(init, fields, validate_by_name, extra)
+
+    if is_dataclass:
+        merged_params = {k: _process_param_defaults(v) for k, v in merged_params.items()}
+
+    return Signature(parameters=list(merged_params.values()), return_annotation=None)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c217f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+"""Logic for interacting with type annotations, mostly extensions, shims and hacks to wrap Python's typing module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import Signature, signature
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, cast
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_extensions import deprecated, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from pydantic.version import version_short
+
+from ._namespace_utils import GlobalsNamespace, MappingNamespace, NsResolver, get_module_ns_of
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    NoneType = type(None)
+    EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
+else:
+    from types import EllipsisType as EllipsisType
+    from types import NoneType as NoneType
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    import annotationlib
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+# As per https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#runtime-use-of-types,
+# always check for both `typing` and `typing_extensions` variants of a typing construct.
+# (this is implemented differently than the suggested approach in the `typing_extensions`
+# docs for performance).
+
+
+_t_annotated = typing.Annotated
+_te_annotated = typing_extensions.Annotated
+
+
+def is_annotated(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a `Annotated` special form.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_annotated(Annotated[int, ...])
+    #> True
+    ```
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+    return origin is _t_annotated or origin is _te_annotated
+
+
+def annotated_type(tp: Any, /) -> Any | None:
+    """Return the type of the `Annotated` special form, or `None`."""
+    return tp.__origin__ if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(tp)) else None
+
+
+def unpack_type(tp: Any, /) -> Any | None:
+    """Return the type wrapped by the `Unpack` special form, or `None`."""
+    return get_args(tp)[0] if typing_objects.is_unpack(get_origin(tp)) else None
+
+
+def is_hashable(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is the `Hashable` class.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_hashable(Hashable)
+    #> True
+    ```
+    """
+    # `get_origin` is documented as normalizing any typing-module aliases to `collections` classes,
+    # hence the second check:
+    return tp is collections.abc.Hashable or get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Hashable
+
+
+def is_callable(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a `Callable`, parametrized or not.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_callable(Callable[[int], str])
+    #> True
+    is_callable(typing.Callable)
+    #> True
+    is_callable(collections.abc.Callable)
+    #> True
+    ```
+    """
+    # `get_origin` is documented as normalizing any typing-module aliases to `collections` classes,
+    # hence the second check:
+    return tp is collections.abc.Callable or get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable
+
+
+_classvar_re = re.compile(r'((\w+\.)?Annotated\[)?(\w+\.)?ClassVar\[')
+
+
+def is_classvar_annotation(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument represents a class variable annotation.
+
+    Although not explicitly stated by the typing specification, `ClassVar` can be used
+    inside `Annotated` and as such, this function checks for this specific scenario.
+
+    Because this function is used to detect class variables before evaluating forward references
+    (or because evaluation failed), we also implement a naive regex match implementation. This is
+    required because class variables are inspected before fields are collected, so we try to be
+    as accurate as possible.
+    """
+    if typing_objects.is_classvar(tp):
+        return True
+
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+
+    if typing_objects.is_classvar(origin):
+        return True
+
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(origin):
+        annotated_type = tp.__origin__
+        if typing_objects.is_classvar(annotated_type) or typing_objects.is_classvar(get_origin(annotated_type)):
+            return True
+
+    str_ann: str | None = None
+    if isinstance(tp, typing.ForwardRef):
+        str_ann = tp.__forward_arg__
+    if isinstance(tp, str):
+        str_ann = tp
+
+    if str_ann is not None and _classvar_re.match(str_ann):
+        # stdlib dataclasses do something similar, although a bit more advanced
+        # (see `dataclass._is_type`).
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+_t_final = typing.Final
+_te_final = typing_extensions.Final
+
+
+# TODO implement `is_finalvar_annotation` as Final can be wrapped with other special forms:
+def is_finalvar(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a `Final` special form, parametrized or not.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_finalvar(Final[int])
+    #> True
+    is_finalvar(Final)
+    #> True
+    """
+    # Final is not necessarily parametrized:
+    if tp is _t_final or tp is _te_final:
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+    return origin is _t_final or origin is _te_final
+
+
+_NONE_TYPES: tuple[Any, ...] = (None, NoneType, typing.Literal[None], typing_extensions.Literal[None])
+
+
+def is_none_type(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the argument represents the `None` type as part of an annotation.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_none_type(None)
+    #> True
+    is_none_type(NoneType)
+    #> True
+    is_none_type(Literal[None])
+    #> True
+    is_none_type(type[None])
+    #> False
+    """
+    return tp in _NONE_TYPES
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a named tuple class.
+
+    The class can be created using `typing.NamedTuple` or `collections.namedtuple`.
+    Parametrized generic classes are *not* assumed to be named tuples.
+    """
+    from ._utils import lenient_issubclass  # circ. import
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(tp, tuple) and hasattr(tp, '_fields')
+
+
+# TODO In 2.12, delete this export. It is currently defined only to not break
+# pydantic-settings which relies on it:
+origin_is_union = is_union_origin
+
+
+def is_generic_alias(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(tp, (types.GenericAlias, typing._GenericAlias))  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+# TODO: Ideally, we should avoid relying on the private `typing` constructs:
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    WithArgsTypes: tuple[Any, ...] = (typing._GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+else:
+    WithArgsTypes: tuple[Any, ...] = (typing._GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+# Similarly, we shouldn't rely on this `_Final` class, which is even more private than `_GenericAlias`:
+typing_base: Any = typing._Final  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+### Annotation evaluations functions:
+
+
+def parent_frame_namespace(*, parent_depth: int = 2, force: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Fetch the local namespace of the parent frame where this function is called.
+
+    Using this function is mostly useful to resolve forward annotations pointing to members defined in a local namespace,
+    such as assignments inside a function. Using the standard library tools, it is currently not possible to resolve
+    such annotations:
+
+    ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+    from typing import get_type_hints
+
+    def func() -> None:
+        Alias = int
+
+        class C:
+            a: 'Alias'
+
+        # Raises a `NameError: 'Alias' is not defined`
+        get_type_hints(C)
+    ```
+
+    Pydantic uses this function when a Pydantic model is being defined to fetch the parent frame locals. However,
+    this only allows us to fetch the parent frame namespace and not other parents (e.g. a model defined in a function,
+    itself defined in another function). Inspecting the next outer frames (using `f_back`) is not reliable enough
+    (see https://discuss.python.org/t/20659).
+
+    Because this function is mostly used to better resolve forward annotations, nothing is returned if the parent frame's
+    code object is defined at the module level. In this case, the locals of the frame will be the same as the module
+    globals where the class is defined (see `_namespace_utils.get_module_ns_of`). However, if you still want to fetch
+    the module globals (e.g. when rebuilding a model, where the frame where the rebuild call is performed might contain
+    members that you want to use for forward annotations evaluation), you can use the `force` parameter.
+
+    Args:
+        parent_depth: The depth at which to get the frame. Defaults to 2, meaning the parent frame where this function
+            is called will be used.
+        force: Whether to always return the frame locals, even if the frame's code object is defined at the module level.
+
+    Returns:
+        The locals of the namespace, or `None` if it was skipped as per the described logic.
+    """
+    frame = sys._getframe(parent_depth)
+
+    if frame.f_code.co_name.startswith('<generic parameters of'):
+        # As `parent_frame_namespace` is mostly called in `ModelMetaclass.__new__`,
+        # the parent frame can be the annotation scope if the PEP 695 generic syntax is used.
+        # (see https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html#annotation-scopes,
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-classes).
+        # In this case, the code name is set to `<generic parameters of MyClass>`,
+        # and we need to skip this frame as it is irrelevant.
+        frame = cast(types.FrameType, frame.f_back)  # guaranteed to not be `None`
+
+    # note, we don't copy frame.f_locals here (or during the last return call), because we don't expect the namespace to be
+    # modified down the line if this becomes a problem, we could implement some sort of frozen mapping structure to enforce this.
+    if force:
+        return frame.f_locals
+
+    # If either of the following conditions are true, the class is defined at the top module level.
+    # To better understand why we need both of these checks, see
+    # https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10113#discussion_r1714981531.
+    if frame.f_back is None or frame.f_code.co_name == '<module>':
+        return None
+
+    return frame.f_locals
+
+
+def _type_convert(arg: Any) -> Any:
+    """Convert `None` to `NoneType` and strings to `ForwardRef` instances.
+
+    This is a backport of the private `typing._type_convert` function. When
+    evaluating a type, `ForwardRef._evaluate` ends up being called, and is
+    responsible for making this conversion. However, we still have to apply
+    it for the first argument passed to our type evaluation functions, similarly
+    to the `typing.get_type_hints` function.
+    """
+    if arg is None:
+        return NoneType
+    if isinstance(arg, str):
+        # Like `typing.get_type_hints`, assume the arg can be in any context,
+        # hence the proper `is_argument` and `is_class` args:
+        return _make_forward_ref(arg, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+    return arg
+
+
+def safe_get_annotations(obj: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get the annotations for the provided object, accounting for potential deferred forward references.
+
+    Starting with Python 3.14, accessing the `__annotations__` attribute might raise a `NameError` if
+    a referenced symbol isn't defined yet. In this case, we return the annotation in the *forward ref*
+    format.
+    """
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        return annotationlib.get_annotations(obj, format=annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
+    else:
+        # TODO just do getattr(obj, '__annotations__', {}) when dropping support for Python 3.9:
+        if isinstance(obj, type):
+            return obj.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {})
+        else:
+            return getattr(obj, '__annotations__', {})
+
+
+def get_model_type_hints(
+    model_class: type[BaseModel],
+    *,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, tuple[Any, bool]]:
+    """Collect annotations from a Pydantic model class, including those from parent classes.
+
+    Args:
+        model_class: The Pydantic model class to inspect.
+        ns_resolver: A namespace resolver instance to use. Defaults to an empty instance.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary mapping annotation names to a two-tuple: the first element is the evaluated
+        type or the original annotation if a `NameError` occurred, the second element is a boolean
+        indicating if whether the evaluation succeeded.
+    """
+    hints: dict[str, Any] | dict[str, tuple[Any, bool]] = {}
+    ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+
+    for base in reversed(model_class.__mro__[:-1]):
+        # For Python 3.14, we could also use `Format.VALUE` and pass the globals/locals
+        # from the ns_resolver, but we want to be able to know which specific field failed
+        # to evaluate:
+        ann = safe_get_annotations(base)
+
+        if not ann:
+            continue
+
+        with ns_resolver.push(base):
+            base_model_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] | None = base.__dict__.get('__pydantic_fields__')
+
+            for name, value in ann.items():
+                if name.startswith('_'):
+                    globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+
+                    # For private attributes, we only need the annotation to detect the `ClassVar` special form.
+                    # For this reason, we still try to evaluate it, but we also catch any possible exception (on
+                    # top of the `NameError`s caught in `try_eval_type`) that could happen so that users are free
+                    # to use any kind of forward annotation for private fields (e.g. circular imports, new typing
+                    # syntax, etc).
+                    try:
+                        hints[name] = try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+                    except Exception:
+                        hints[name] = (value, False)
+                else:
+                    if base_model_fields is not None and name in base_model_fields:
+                        # Avoid unnecessarily evaluating annotations from parent models, as we'll end up
+                        # copying the `FieldInfo` instance from it anyway if we need to.
+                        # We use the `annotation` attribute here, but in reality could put anything here,
+                        # As we are guaranteed to not make use of it:
+                        hints[name] = (base_model_fields[name].annotation, True)
+                    else:
+                        globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+
+                        hints[name] = try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+
+    return hints
+
+
+def get_cls_type_hints(
+    obj: type[Any],
+    *,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Collect annotations from a class, including those from parent classes.
+
+    Args:
+        obj: The class to inspect.
+        ns_resolver: A namespace resolver instance to use. Defaults to an empty instance.
+    """
+    hints: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+
+    for base in reversed(obj.__mro__):
+        # For Python 3.14, we could also use `Format.VALUE` and pass the globals/locals
+        # from the ns_resolver, but we want to be able to know which specific field failed
+        # to evaluate:
+        ann = safe_get_annotations(base)
+
+        if not ann:
+            continue
+
+        with ns_resolver.push(base):
+            globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+            for name, value in ann.items():
+                hints[name] = eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+    return hints
+
+
+def try_eval_type(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+    """Try evaluating the annotation using the provided namespaces.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value to evaluate. If `None`, it will be replaced by `type[None]`. If an instance
+            of `str`, it will be converted to a `ForwardRef`.
+        localns: The global namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+        globalns: The local namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+
+    Returns:
+        A two-tuple containing the possibly evaluated type and a boolean indicating
+            whether the evaluation succeeded or not.
+    """
+    value = _type_convert(value)
+
+    try:
+        return eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns), True
+    except NameError:
+        return value, False
+
+
+def eval_type(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """Evaluate the annotation using the provided namespaces.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value to evaluate. If `None`, it will be replaced by `type[None]`. If an instance
+            of `str`, it will be converted to a `ForwardRef`.
+        localns: The global namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+        globalns: The local namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+    """
+    value = _type_convert(value)
+    return eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns)
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`eval_type_lenient` is deprecated, use `try_eval_type` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def eval_type_lenient(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    ev, _ = try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+    return ev
+
+
+def eval_type_backport(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """An enhanced version of `typing._eval_type` which will fall back to using the `eval_type_backport`
+    package if it's installed to let older Python versions use newer typing constructs.
+
+    Specifically, this transforms `X | Y` into `typing.Union[X, Y]` and `list[X]` into `typing.List[X]`
+    (as well as all the types made generic in PEP 585) if the original syntax is not supported in the
+    current Python version.
+
+    This function will also display a helpful error if the value passed fails to evaluate.
+    """
+    try:
+        return _eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        if 'Unable to evaluate type annotation' in str(e):
+            raise
+
+        # If it is a `TypeError` and value isn't a `ForwardRef`, it would have failed during annotation definition.
+        # Thus we assert here for type checking purposes:
+        assert isinstance(value, typing.ForwardRef)
+
+        message = f'Unable to evaluate type annotation {value.__forward_arg__!r}.'
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            e.add_note(message)
+            raise
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(message) from e
+    except RecursionError as e:
+        # TODO ideally recursion errors should be checked in `eval_type` above, but `eval_type_backport`
+        # is used directly in some places.
+        message = (
+            "If you made use of an implicit recursive type alias (e.g. `MyType = list['MyType']), "
+            'consider using PEP 695 type aliases instead. For more details, refer to the documentation: '
+            f'https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/concepts/types/#named-recursive-types'
+        )
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            e.add_note(message)
+            raise
+        else:
+            raise RecursionError(f'{e.args[0]}\n{message}')
+
+
+def _eval_type_backport(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    try:
+        return _eval_type(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        if not (isinstance(value, typing.ForwardRef) and is_backport_fixable_error(e)):
+            raise
+
+        try:
+            from eval_type_backport import eval_type_backport
+        except ImportError:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Unable to evaluate type annotation {value.__forward_arg__!r}. If you are making use '
+                'of the new typing syntax (unions using `|` since Python 3.10 or builtins subscripting '
+                'since Python 3.9), you should either replace the use of new syntax with the existing '
+                '`typing` constructs or install the `eval_type_backport` package.'
+            ) from e
+
+        return eval_type_backport(
+            value,
+            globalns,
+            localns,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType], waiting on a new `eval_type_backport` release.
+            try_default=False,
+        )
+
+
+def _eval_type(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        # Starting in 3.14, `_eval_type()` does *not* apply `_type_convert()`
+        # anymore. This means the `None` -> `type(None)` conversion does not apply:
+        evaluated = typing._eval_type(  # type: ignore
+            value,
+            globalns,
+            localns,
+            type_params=type_params,
+            # This is relevant when evaluating types from `TypedDict` classes, where string annotations
+            # are automatically converted to `ForwardRef` instances with a module set. In this case,
+            # Our `globalns` is irrelevant and we need to indicate `typing._eval_type()` that it should
+            # infer it from the `ForwardRef.__forward_module__` attribute instead (`typing.get_type_hints()`
+            # does the same). Note that this would probably be unnecessary if we properly iterated over the
+            # `__orig_bases__` for TypedDicts in `get_cls_type_hints()`:
+            prefer_fwd_module=True,
+        )
+        if evaluated is None:
+            evaluated = type(None)
+        return evaluated
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        return typing._eval_type(  # type: ignore
+            value, globalns, localns, type_params=type_params
+        )
+    else:
+        return typing._eval_type(  # type: ignore
+            value, globalns, localns
+        )
+
+
+def is_backport_fixable_error(e: TypeError) -> bool:
+    msg = str(e)
+
+    return sys.version_info < (3, 10) and msg.startswith('unsupported operand type(s) for |: ')
+
+
+def signature_no_eval(f: Callable[..., Any]) -> Signature:
+    """Get the signature of a callable without evaluating any annotations."""
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        from annotationlib import Format
+
+        return signature(f, annotation_format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+    else:
+        return signature(f)
+
+
+def get_function_type_hints(
+    function: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    include_keys: set[str] | None = None,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return type hints for a function.
+
+    This is similar to the `typing.get_type_hints` function, with a few differences:
+    - Support `functools.partial` by using the underlying `func` attribute.
+    - Do not wrap type annotation of a parameter with `Optional` if it has a default value of `None`
+      (related bug: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90353, only fixed in 3.11+).
+    """
+    if isinstance(function, partial):
+        annotations = safe_get_annotations(function.func)
+    else:
+        annotations = safe_get_annotations(function)
+
+    if globalns is None:
+        globalns = get_module_ns_of(function)
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None
+    if localns is None:
+        # If localns was specified, it is assumed to already contain type params. This is because
+        # Pydantic has more advanced logic to do so (see `_namespace_utils.ns_for_function`).
+        type_params = getattr(function, '__type_params__', ())
+
+    type_hints = {}
+    for name, value in annotations.items():
+        if include_keys is not None and name not in include_keys:
+            continue
+        if value is None:
+            value = NoneType
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            value = _make_forward_ref(value)
+
+        type_hints[name] = eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+
+    return type_hints
+
+
+# TODO use typing.ForwardRef directly when we stop supporting 3.9:
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9, 8) or (3, 10) <= sys.version_info < (3, 10, 1):
+
+    def _make_forward_ref(
+        arg: Any,
+        is_argument: bool = True,
+        *,
+        is_class: bool = False,
+    ) -> typing.ForwardRef:
+        """Wrapper for ForwardRef that accounts for the `is_class` argument missing in older versions.
+        The `module` argument is omitted as it breaks <3.9.8, =3.10.0 and isn't used in the calls below.
+
+        See https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/28560 for some background.
+        The backport happened on 3.9.8, see:
+        https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/discussions/6244#discussioncomment-6275458,
+        and on 3.10.1 for the 3.10 branch, see:
+        https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/6912
+
+        Implemented as EAFP with memory.
+        """
+        return typing.ForwardRef(arg, is_argument)  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+
+else:
+    _make_forward_ref = typing.ForwardRef  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+
+else:
+    """
+    For older versions of python, we have a custom implementation of `get_type_hints` which is a close as possible to
+    the implementation in CPython 3.10.8.
+    """
+
+    @typing.no_type_check
+    def get_type_hints(  # noqa: C901
+        obj: Any,
+        globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        localns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        include_extras: bool = False,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Taken verbatim from python 3.10.8 unchanged, except:
+        * type annotations of the function definition above.
+        * prefixing `typing.` where appropriate
+        * Use `_make_forward_ref` instead of `typing.ForwardRef` to handle the `is_class` argument.
+
+        https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/aaaf5174241496afca7ce4d4584570190ff972fe/Lib/typing.py#L1773-L1875
+
+        DO NOT CHANGE THIS METHOD UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY.
+        ======================================================
+
+        Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]' with 'T' (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.  For classes, the search
+          order is globals first then locals.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        if getattr(obj, '__no_type_check__', None):
+            return {}
+        # Classes require a special treatment.
+        if isinstance(obj, type):
+            hints = {}
+            for base in reversed(obj.__mro__):
+                if globalns is None:
+                    base_globals = getattr(sys.modules.get(base.__module__, None), '__dict__', {})
+                else:
+                    base_globals = globalns
+                ann = base.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {})
+                if isinstance(ann, types.GetSetDescriptorType):
+                    ann = {}
+                base_locals = dict(vars(base)) if localns is None else localns
+                if localns is None and globalns is None:
+                    # This is surprising, but required.  Before Python 3.10,
+                    # get_type_hints only evaluated the globalns of
+                    # a class.  To maintain backwards compatibility, we reverse
+                    # the globalns and localns order so that eval() looks into
+                    # *base_globals* first rather than *base_locals*.
+                    # This only affects ForwardRefs.
+                    base_globals, base_locals = base_locals, base_globals
+                for name, value in ann.items():
+                    if value is None:
+                        value = type(None)
+                    if isinstance(value, str):
+                        value = _make_forward_ref(value, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+
+                    value = eval_type_backport(value, base_globals, base_locals)
+                    hints[name] = value
+            if not include_extras and hasattr(typing, '_strip_annotations'):
+                return {
+                    k: typing._strip_annotations(t)  # type: ignore
+                    for k, t in hints.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                return hints
+
+        if globalns is None:
+            if isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType):
+                globalns = obj.__dict__
+            else:
+                nsobj = obj
+                # Find globalns for the unwrapped object.
+                while hasattr(nsobj, '__wrapped__'):
+                    nsobj = nsobj.__wrapped__
+                globalns = getattr(nsobj, '__globals__', {})
+            if localns is None:
+                localns = globalns
+        elif localns is None:
+            localns = globalns
+        hints = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
+        if hints is None:
+            # Return empty annotations for something that _could_ have them.
+            if isinstance(obj, typing._allowed_types):  # type: ignore
+                return {}
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f'{obj!r} is not a module, class, method, or function.')
+        defaults = typing._get_defaults(obj)  # type: ignore
+        hints = dict(hints)
+        for name, value in hints.items():
+            if value is None:
+                value = type(None)
+            if isinstance(value, str):
+                # class-level forward refs were handled above, this must be either
+                # a module-level annotation or a function argument annotation
+
+                value = _make_forward_ref(
+                    value,
+                    is_argument=not isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType),
+                    is_class=False,
+                )
+            value = eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns)
+            if name in defaults and defaults[name] is None:
+                value = typing.Optional[value]
+            hints[name] = value
+        return hints if include_extras else {k: typing._strip_annotations(t) for k, t in hints.items()}  # type: ignore
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a0346d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+"""Bucket of reusable internal utilities.
+
+This should be reduced as much as possible with functions only used in one place, moved to that place.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import keyword
+import sys
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict, deque
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from collections.abc import Set as AbstractSet
+from copy import deepcopy
+from functools import cached_property
+from inspect import Parameter
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType, CodeType, FunctionType, GeneratorType, LambdaType, ModuleType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
+
+from pydantic_core import MISSING, PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeGuard, deprecated
+
+from pydantic import PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+
+from . import _repr, _typing_extra
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TODO remove type error comments when we drop support for Python 3.9
+    MappingIntStrAny: TypeAlias = Mapping[int, Any] | Mapping[str, Any]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+    AbstractSetIntStr: TypeAlias = AbstractSet[int] | AbstractSet[str]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+
+
+# these are types that are returned unchanged by deepcopy
+IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES: set[type[Any]] = {
+    int,
+    float,
+    complex,
+    str,
+    bool,
+    bytes,
+    type,
+    _typing_extra.NoneType,
+    FunctionType,
+    BuiltinFunctionType,
+    LambdaType,
+    weakref.ref,
+    CodeType,
+    # note: including ModuleType will differ from behaviour of deepcopy by not producing error.
+    # It might be not a good idea in general, but considering that this function used only internally
+    # against default values of fields, this will allow to actually have a field with module as default value
+    ModuleType,
+    NotImplemented.__class__,
+    Ellipsis.__class__,
+}
+
+# these are types that if empty, might be copied with simple copy() instead of deepcopy()
+BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS: set[type[Any]] = {
+    list,
+    set,
+    tuple,
+    frozenset,
+    dict,
+    OrderedDict,
+    defaultdict,
+    deque,
+}
+
+
+def can_be_positional(param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the parameter accepts a positional argument.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    def func(a, /, b, *, c):
+        pass
+
+    params = inspect.signature(func).parameters
+    can_be_positional(params['a'])
+    #> True
+    can_be_positional(params['b'])
+    #> True
+    can_be_positional(params['c'])
+    #> False
+    ```
+    """
+    return param.kind in (Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY, Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+
+
+def sequence_like(v: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(v, (list, tuple, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, deque))
+
+
+def lenient_isinstance(o: Any, class_or_tuple: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...] | None) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        return isinstance(o, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def lenient_issubclass(cls: Any, class_or_tuple: Any) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)
+    except TypeError:
+        if isinstance(cls, _typing_extra.WithArgsTypes):
+            return False
+        raise  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def is_model_class(cls: Any) -> TypeGuard[type[BaseModel]]:
+    """Returns true if cls is a _proper_ subclass of BaseModel, and provides proper type-checking,
+    unlike raw calls to lenient_issubclass.
+    """
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(cls, BaseModel) and cls is not BaseModel
+
+
+def is_valid_identifier(identifier: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks that a string is a valid identifier and not a Python keyword.
+    :param identifier: The identifier to test.
+    :return: True if the identifier is valid.
+    """
+    return identifier.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(identifier)
+
+
+KeyType = TypeVar('KeyType')
+
+
+def deep_update(mapping: dict[KeyType, Any], *updating_mappings: dict[KeyType, Any]) -> dict[KeyType, Any]:
+    updated_mapping = mapping.copy()
+    for updating_mapping in updating_mappings:
+        for k, v in updating_mapping.items():
+            if k in updated_mapping and isinstance(updated_mapping[k], dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
+                updated_mapping[k] = deep_update(updated_mapping[k], v)
+            else:
+                updated_mapping[k] = v
+    return updated_mapping
+
+
+def update_not_none(mapping: dict[Any, Any], **update: Any) -> None:
+    mapping.update({k: v for k, v in update.items() if v is not None})
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def unique_list(
+    input_list: list[T] | tuple[T, ...],
+    *,
+    name_factory: Callable[[T], str] = str,
+) -> list[T]:
+    """Make a list unique while maintaining order.
+    We update the list if another one with the same name is set
+    (e.g. model validator overridden in subclass).
+    """
+    result: list[T] = []
+    result_names: list[str] = []
+    for v in input_list:
+        v_name = name_factory(v)
+        if v_name not in result_names:
+            result_names.append(v_name)
+            result.append(v)
+        else:
+            result[result_names.index(v_name)] = v
+
+    return result
+
+
+class ValueItems(_repr.Representation):
+    """Class for more convenient calculation of excluded or included fields on values."""
+
+    __slots__ = ('_items', '_type')
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Any, items: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny) -> None:
+        items = self._coerce_items(items)
+
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            items = self._normalize_indexes(items, len(value))  # type: ignore
+
+        self._items: MappingIntStrAny = items  # type: ignore
+
+    def is_excluded(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if item is fully excluded.
+
+        :param item: key or index of a value
+        """
+        return self.is_true(self._items.get(item))
+
+    def is_included(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if value is contained in self._items.
+
+        :param item: key or index of value
+        """
+        return item in self._items
+
+    def for_element(self, e: int | str) -> AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None:
+        """:param e: key or index of element on value
+        :return: raw values for element if self._items is dict and contain needed element
+        """
+        item = self._items.get(e)  # type: ignore
+        return item if not self.is_true(item) else None
+
+    def _normalize_indexes(self, items: MappingIntStrAny, v_length: int) -> dict[int | str, Any]:
+        """:param items: dict or set of indexes which will be normalized
+        :param v_length: length of sequence indexes of which will be
+
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({0: True, -2: True, -1: True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({'__all__': True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 1: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        """
+        normalized_items: dict[int | str, Any] = {}
+        all_items = None
+        for i, v in items.items():
+            if not (isinstance(v, Mapping) or isinstance(v, AbstractSet) or self.is_true(v)):
+                raise TypeError(f'Unexpected type of exclude value for index "{i}" {v.__class__}')
+            if i == '__all__':
+                all_items = self._coerce_value(v)
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(i, int):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    'Excluding fields from a sequence of sub-models or dicts must be performed index-wise: '
+                    'expected integer keys or keyword "__all__"'
+                )
+            normalized_i = v_length + i if i < 0 else i
+            normalized_items[normalized_i] = self.merge(v, normalized_items.get(normalized_i))
+
+        if not all_items:
+            return normalized_items
+        if self.is_true(all_items):
+            for i in range(v_length):
+                normalized_items.setdefault(i, ...)
+            return normalized_items
+        for i in range(v_length):
+            normalized_item = normalized_items.setdefault(i, {})
+            if not self.is_true(normalized_item):
+                normalized_items[i] = self.merge(all_items, normalized_item)
+        return normalized_items
+
+    @classmethod
+    def merge(cls, base: Any, override: Any, intersect: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """Merge a `base` item with an `override` item.
+
+        Both `base` and `override` are converted to dictionaries if possible.
+        Sets are converted to dictionaries with the sets entries as keys and
+        Ellipsis as values.
+
+        Each key-value pair existing in `base` is merged with `override`,
+        while the rest of the key-value pairs are updated recursively with this function.
+
+        Merging takes place based on the "union" of keys if `intersect` is
+        set to `False` (default) and on the intersection of keys if
+        `intersect` is set to `True`.
+        """
+        override = cls._coerce_value(override)
+        base = cls._coerce_value(base)
+        if override is None:
+            return base
+        if cls.is_true(base) or base is None:
+            return override
+        if cls.is_true(override):
+            return base if intersect else override
+
+        # intersection or union of keys while preserving ordering:
+        if intersect:
+            merge_keys = [k for k in base if k in override] + [k for k in override if k in base]
+        else:
+            merge_keys = list(base) + [k for k in override if k not in base]
+
+        merged: dict[int | str, Any] = {}
+        for k in merge_keys:
+            merged_item = cls.merge(base.get(k), override.get(k), intersect=intersect)
+            if merged_item is not None:
+                merged[k] = merged_item
+
+        return merged
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _coerce_items(items: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny) -> MappingIntStrAny:
+        if isinstance(items, Mapping):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(items, AbstractSet):
+            items = dict.fromkeys(items, ...)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            class_name = getattr(items, '__class__', '???')
+            raise TypeError(f'Unexpected type of exclude value {class_name}')
+        return items  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _coerce_value(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+        if value is None or cls.is_true(value):
+            return value
+        return cls._coerce_items(value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_true(v: Any) -> bool:
+        return v is True or v is ...
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
+        return [(None, self._items)]
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    def LazyClassAttribute(name: str, get_value: Callable[[], T]) -> T: ...
+
+else:
+
+    class LazyClassAttribute:
+        """A descriptor exposing an attribute only accessible on a class (hidden from instances).
+
+        The attribute is lazily computed and cached during the first access.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, get_value: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+            self.name = name
+            self.get_value = get_value
+
+        @cached_property
+        def value(self) -> Any:
+            return self.get_value()
+
+        def __get__(self, instance: Any, owner: type[Any]) -> None:
+            if instance is None:
+                return self.value
+            raise AttributeError(f'{self.name!r} attribute of {owner.__name__!r} is class-only')
+
+
+Obj = TypeVar('Obj')
+
+
+def smart_deepcopy(obj: Obj) -> Obj:
+    """Return type as is for immutable built-in types
+    Use obj.copy() for built-in empty collections
+    Use copy.deepcopy() for non-empty collections and unknown objects.
+    """
+    if obj is MISSING or obj is PydanticUndefined:
+        return obj  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+    obj_type = obj.__class__
+    if obj_type in IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES:
+        return obj  # fastest case: obj is immutable and not collection therefore will not be copied anyway
+    try:
+        if not obj and obj_type in BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS:
+            # faster way for empty collections, no need to copy its members
+            return obj if obj_type is tuple else obj.copy()  # tuple doesn't have copy method  # type: ignore
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
+        # do we really dare to catch ALL errors? Seems a bit risky
+        pass
+
+    return deepcopy(obj)  # slowest way when we actually might need a deepcopy
+
+
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+def all_identical(left: Iterable[Any], right: Iterable[Any]) -> bool:
+    """Check that the items of `left` are the same objects as those in `right`.
+
+    >>> a, b = object(), object()
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, a], [a, b, a])
+    True
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, [a]], [a, b, [a]])  # new list object, while "equal" is not "identical"
+    False
+    """
+    for left_item, right_item in zip_longest(left, right, fillvalue=_SENTINEL):
+        if left_item is not right_item:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def get_first_not_none(a: Any, b: Any) -> Any:
+    """Return the first argument if it is not `None`, otherwise return the second argument."""
+    return a if a is not None else b
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SafeGetItemProxy:
+    """Wrapper redirecting `__getitem__` to `get` with a sentinel value as default
+
+    This makes is safe to use in `operator.itemgetter` when some keys may be missing
+    """
+
+    # Define __slots__manually for performances
+    # @dataclasses.dataclass() only support slots=True in python>=3.10
+    __slots__ = ('wrapped',)
+
+    wrapped: Mapping[str, Any]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str, /) -> Any:
+        return self.wrapped.get(key, _SENTINEL)
+
+    # required to pass the object to operator.itemgetter() instances due to a quirk of typeshed
+    # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/13713
+    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/8785
+    # Since this is typing-only, hide it in a typing.TYPE_CHECKING block
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def __contains__(self, key: str, /) -> bool:
+            return self.wrapped.__contains__(key)
+
+
+_ModelT = TypeVar('_ModelT', bound='BaseModel')
+_RT = TypeVar('_RT')
+
+
+class deprecated_instance_property(Generic[_ModelT, _RT]):
+    """A decorator exposing the decorated class method as a property, with a warning on instance access.
+
+    This decorator takes a class method defined on the `BaseModel` class and transforms it into
+    an attribute. The attribute can be accessed on both the class and instances of the class. If accessed
+    via an instance, a deprecation warning is emitted stating that instance access will be removed in V3.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fget: Callable[[type[_ModelT]], _RT], /) -> None:
+        # Note: fget should be a classmethod:
+        self.fget = fget
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, objtype: type[_ModelT]) -> _RT: ...
+    @overload
+    @deprecated(
+        'Accessing this attribute on the instance is deprecated, and will be removed in Pydantic V3. '
+        'Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def __get__(self, instance: _ModelT, objtype: type[_ModelT]) -> _RT: ...
+    def __get__(self, instance: _ModelT | None, objtype: type[_ModelT]) -> _RT:
+        if instance is not None:
+            # fmt: off
+            attr_name = (
+                self.fget.__name__
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 10)
+                else self.fget.__func__.__name__  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+            )
+            # fmt: on
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'Accessing the {attr_name!r} attribute on the instance is deprecated. '
+                'Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.',
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        return self.fget.__get__(instance, objtype)()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validate_call.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validate_call.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49ccd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validate_call.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from functools import partial
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+import pydantic_core
+
+from ..config import ConfigDict
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import create_schema_validator
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema, ValidateCallSupportedTypes
+from ._namespace_utils import MappingNamespace, NsResolver, ns_for_function
+from ._typing_extra import signature_no_eval
+
+
+def extract_function_name(func: ValidateCallSupportedTypes) -> str:
+    """Extract the name of a `ValidateCallSupportedTypes` object."""
+    return f'partial({func.func.__name__})' if isinstance(func, functools.partial) else func.__name__
+
+
+def extract_function_qualname(func: ValidateCallSupportedTypes) -> str:
+    """Extract the qualname of a `ValidateCallSupportedTypes` object."""
+    return f'partial({func.func.__qualname__})' if isinstance(func, functools.partial) else func.__qualname__
+
+
+def update_wrapper_attributes(wrapped: ValidateCallSupportedTypes, wrapper: Callable[..., Any]):
+    """Update the `wrapper` function with the attributes of the `wrapped` function. Return the updated function."""
+    if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(wrapped):
+
+        @functools.wraps(wrapped)
+        async def wrapper_function(*args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            return await wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+    else:
+
+        @functools.wraps(wrapped)
+        def wrapper_function(*args, **kwargs):
+            return wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    # We need to manually update this because `partial` object has no `__name__` and `__qualname__`.
+    wrapper_function.__name__ = extract_function_name(wrapped)
+    wrapper_function.__qualname__ = extract_function_qualname(wrapped)
+    wrapper_function.raw_function = wrapped  # type: ignore
+
+    return wrapper_function
+
+
+class ValidateCallWrapper:
+    """This is a wrapper around a function that validates the arguments passed to it, and optionally the return value."""
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'function',
+        'validate_return',
+        'schema_type',
+        'module',
+        'qualname',
+        'ns_resolver',
+        'config_wrapper',
+        '__pydantic_complete__',
+        '__pydantic_validator__',
+        '__return_pydantic_validator__',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes,
+        config: ConfigDict | None,
+        validate_return: bool,
+        parent_namespace: MappingNamespace | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.function = function
+        self.validate_return = validate_return
+        if isinstance(function, partial):
+            self.schema_type = function.func
+            self.module = function.func.__module__
+        else:
+            self.schema_type = function
+            self.module = function.__module__
+        self.qualname = extract_function_qualname(function)
+
+        self.ns_resolver = NsResolver(
+            namespaces_tuple=ns_for_function(self.schema_type, parent_namespace=parent_namespace)
+        )
+        self.config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper(config)
+        if not self.config_wrapper.defer_build:
+            self._create_validators()
+        else:
+            self.__pydantic_complete__ = False
+
+    def _create_validators(self) -> None:
+        gen_schema = GenerateSchema(self.config_wrapper, self.ns_resolver)
+        schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(gen_schema.generate_schema(self.function))
+        core_config = self.config_wrapper.core_config(title=self.qualname)
+
+        self.__pydantic_validator__ = create_schema_validator(
+            schema,
+            self.schema_type,
+            self.module,
+            self.qualname,
+            'validate_call',
+            core_config,
+            self.config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+        )
+        if self.validate_return:
+            signature = signature_no_eval(self.function)
+            return_type = signature.return_annotation if signature.return_annotation is not signature.empty else Any
+            gen_schema = GenerateSchema(self.config_wrapper, self.ns_resolver)
+            schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(gen_schema.generate_schema(return_type))
+            validator = create_schema_validator(
+                schema,
+                self.schema_type,
+                self.module,
+                self.qualname,
+                'validate_call',
+                core_config,
+                self.config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+            )
+            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(self.function):
+
+                async def return_val_wrapper(aw: Awaitable[Any]) -> None:
+                    return validator.validate_python(await aw)
+
+                self.__return_pydantic_validator__ = return_val_wrapper
+            else:
+                self.__return_pydantic_validator__ = validator.validate_python
+        else:
+            self.__return_pydantic_validator__ = None
+
+        self.__pydantic_complete__ = True
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        if not self.__pydantic_complete__:
+            self._create_validators()
+
+        res = self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(pydantic_core.ArgsKwargs(args, kwargs))
+        if self.__return_pydantic_validator__:
+            return self.__return_pydantic_validator__(res)
+        else:
+            return res
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad6c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+"""Validator functions for standard library types.
+
+Import of this module is deferred since it contains imports of many standard library modules.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import math
+import re
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from decimal import Decimal
+from fractions import Fraction
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union, cast
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError
+
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError, PydanticKnownError, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from pydantic._internal._import_utils import import_cached_field_info
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+
+
+def sequence_validator(
+    input_value: Sequence[Any],
+    /,
+    validator: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    """Validator for `Sequence` types, isinstance(v, Sequence) has already been called."""
+    value_type = type(input_value)
+
+    # We don't accept any plain string as a sequence
+    # Relevant issue: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5595
+    if issubclass(value_type, (str, bytes)):
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'sequence_str',
+            "'{type_name}' instances are not allowed as a Sequence value",
+            {'type_name': value_type.__name__},
+        )
+
+    # TODO: refactor sequence validation to validate with either a list or a tuple
+    # schema, depending on the type of the value.
+    # Additionally, we should be able to remove one of either this validator or the
+    # SequenceValidator in _std_types_schema.py (preferably this one, while porting over some logic).
+    # Effectively, a refactor for sequence validation is needed.
+    if value_type is tuple:
+        input_value = list(input_value)
+
+    v_list = validator(input_value)
+
+    # the rest of the logic is just re-creating the original type from `v_list`
+    if value_type is list:
+        return v_list
+    elif issubclass(value_type, range):
+        # return the list as we probably can't re-create the range
+        return v_list
+    elif value_type is tuple:
+        return tuple(v_list)
+    else:
+        # best guess at how to re-create the original type, more custom construction logic might be required
+        return value_type(v_list)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+
+
+def import_string(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return _import_string_logic(value)
+        except ImportError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('import_error', 'Invalid python path: {error}', {'error': str(e)}) from e
+    else:
+        # otherwise we just return the value and let the next validator do the rest of the work
+        return value
+
+
+def _import_string_logic(dotted_path: str) -> Any:
+    """Inspired by uvicorn — dotted paths should include a colon before the final item if that item is not a module.
+    (This is necessary to distinguish between a submodule and an attribute when there is a conflict.).
+
+    If the dotted path does not include a colon and the final item is not a valid module, importing as an attribute
+    rather than a submodule will be attempted automatically.
+
+    So, for example, the following values of `dotted_path` result in the following returned values:
+    * 'collections': <module 'collections'>
+    * 'collections.abc': <module 'collections.abc'>
+    * 'collections.abc:Mapping': <class 'collections.abc.Mapping'>
+    * `collections.abc.Mapping`: <class 'collections.abc.Mapping'> (though this is a bit slower than the previous line)
+
+    An error will be raised under any of the following scenarios:
+    * `dotted_path` contains more than one colon (e.g., 'collections:abc:Mapping')
+    * the substring of `dotted_path` before the colon is not a valid module in the environment (e.g., '123:Mapping')
+    * the substring of `dotted_path` after the colon is not an attribute of the module (e.g., 'collections:abc123')
+    """
+    from importlib import import_module
+
+    components = dotted_path.strip().split(':')
+    if len(components) > 2:
+        raise ImportError(f"Import strings should have at most one ':'; received {dotted_path!r}")
+    attribute = None
+    if len(components) == 2:
+        attribute = components[1]
+    module_path = components[0]
+    if not module_path:
+        raise ImportError(f'Import strings should have a nonempty module name; received {dotted_path!r}')
+
+    try:
+        module = import_module(module_path)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:
+        if attribute is None and '.' in module_path:
+            # Try interpreting the final dotted segment as an attribute, not a submodule
+            maybe_module_path, maybe_attribute = module_path.rsplit('.', 1)
+
+            try:
+                return _import_string_logic(f'{maybe_module_path}:{maybe_attribute}')
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+        raise
+
+    if attribute is not None:
+        try:
+            return getattr(module, attribute)
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise ImportError(f'cannot import name {attribute!r} from {module_path!r}') from e
+    else:
+        return module
+
+
+def pattern_either_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> re.Pattern[Any]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, re.Pattern):
+        return input_value
+    elif isinstance(input_value, (str, bytes)):
+        # todo strict mode
+        return compile_pattern(input_value)  # type: ignore
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_type', 'Input should be a valid pattern')
+
+
+def pattern_str_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> re.Pattern[str]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, re.Pattern):
+        if isinstance(input_value.pattern, str):
+            return input_value
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_str_type', 'Input should be a string pattern')
+    elif isinstance(input_value, str):
+        return compile_pattern(input_value)
+    elif isinstance(input_value, bytes):
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_str_type', 'Input should be a string pattern')
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_type', 'Input should be a valid pattern')
+
+
+def pattern_bytes_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> re.Pattern[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, re.Pattern):
+        if isinstance(input_value.pattern, bytes):
+            return input_value
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_bytes_type', 'Input should be a bytes pattern')
+    elif isinstance(input_value, bytes):
+        return compile_pattern(input_value)
+    elif isinstance(input_value, str):
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_bytes_type', 'Input should be a bytes pattern')
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_type', 'Input should be a valid pattern')
+
+
+PatternType = TypeVar('PatternType', str, bytes)
+
+
+def compile_pattern(pattern: PatternType) -> re.Pattern[PatternType]:
+    try:
+        return re.compile(pattern)
+    except re.error:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_regex', 'Input should be a valid regular expression')
+
+
+def ip_v4_address_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv4Address:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv4Address):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Address(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v4_address', 'Input is not a valid IPv4 address')
+
+
+def ip_v6_address_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv6Address:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv6Address):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Address(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v6_address', 'Input is not a valid IPv6 address')
+
+
+def ip_v4_network_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv4Network:
+    """Assume IPv4Network initialised with a default `strict` argument.
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv4Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv4Network):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Network(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v4_network', 'Input is not a valid IPv4 network')
+
+
+def ip_v6_network_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv6Network:
+    """Assume IPv6Network initialised with a default `strict` argument.
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv6Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv6Network):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Network(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v6_network', 'Input is not a valid IPv6 network')
+
+
+def ip_v4_interface_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv4Interface:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv4Interface):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Interface(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v4_interface', 'Input is not a valid IPv4 interface')
+
+
+def ip_v6_interface_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv6Interface:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv6Interface):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Interface(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v6_interface', 'Input is not a valid IPv6 interface')
+
+
+def fraction_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> Fraction:
+    if isinstance(input_value, Fraction):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return Fraction(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('fraction_parsing', 'Input is not a valid fraction')
+
+
+def forbid_inf_nan_check(x: Any) -> Any:
+    if not math.isfinite(x):
+        raise PydanticKnownError('finite_number')
+    return x
+
+
+def _safe_repr(v: Any) -> int | float | str:
+    """The context argument for `PydanticKnownError` requires a number or str type, so we do a simple repr() coercion for types like timedelta.
+
+    See tests/test_types.py::test_annotated_metadata_any_order for some context.
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, (int, float, str)):
+        return v
+    return repr(v)
+
+
+def greater_than_validator(x: Any, gt: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x > gt):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than', {'gt': _safe_repr(gt)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'gt' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def greater_than_or_equal_validator(x: Any, ge: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x >= ge):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than_equal', {'ge': _safe_repr(ge)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'ge' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def less_than_validator(x: Any, lt: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x < lt):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('less_than', {'lt': _safe_repr(lt)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'lt' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def less_than_or_equal_validator(x: Any, le: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x <= le):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('less_than_equal', {'le': _safe_repr(le)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'le' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def multiple_of_validator(x: Any, multiple_of: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if x % multiple_of:
+            raise PydanticKnownError('multiple_of', {'multiple_of': _safe_repr(multiple_of)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'multiple_of' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def min_length_validator(x: Any, min_length: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (len(x) >= min_length):
+            raise PydanticKnownError(
+                'too_short', {'field_type': 'Value', 'min_length': min_length, 'actual_length': len(x)}
+            )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'min_length' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def max_length_validator(x: Any, max_length: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if len(x) > max_length:
+            raise PydanticKnownError(
+                'too_long',
+                {'field_type': 'Value', 'max_length': max_length, 'actual_length': len(x)},
+            )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'max_length' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def _extract_decimal_digits_info(decimal: Decimal) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """Compute the total number of digits and decimal places for a given [`Decimal`][decimal.Decimal] instance.
+
+    This function handles both normalized and non-normalized Decimal instances.
+    Example: Decimal('1.230') -> 4 digits, 3 decimal places
+
+    Args:
+        decimal (Decimal): The decimal number to analyze.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[int, int]: A tuple containing the number of decimal places and total digits.
+
+    Though this could be divided into two separate functions, the logic is easier to follow if we couple the computation
+    of the number of decimals and digits together.
+    """
+    try:
+        decimal_tuple = decimal.as_tuple()
+
+        assert isinstance(decimal_tuple.exponent, int)
+
+        exponent = decimal_tuple.exponent
+        num_digits = len(decimal_tuple.digits)
+
+        if exponent >= 0:
+            # A positive exponent adds that many trailing zeros
+            # Ex: digit_tuple=(1, 2, 3), exponent=2 -> 12300 -> 0 decimal places, 5 digits
+            num_digits += exponent
+            decimal_places = 0
+        else:
+            # If the absolute value of the negative exponent is larger than the
+            # number of digits, then it's the same as the number of digits,
+            # because it'll consume all the digits in digit_tuple and then
+            # add abs(exponent) - len(digit_tuple) leading zeros after the decimal point.
+            # Ex: digit_tuple=(1, 2, 3), exponent=-2 -> 1.23 -> 2 decimal places, 3 digits
+            # Ex: digit_tuple=(1, 2, 3), exponent=-4 -> 0.0123 -> 4 decimal places, 4 digits
+            decimal_places = abs(exponent)
+            num_digits = max(num_digits, decimal_places)
+
+        return decimal_places, num_digits
+    except (AssertionError, AttributeError):
+        raise TypeError(f'Unable to extract decimal digits info from supplied value {decimal}')
+
+
+def max_digits_validator(x: Any, max_digits: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        _, num_digits = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x)
+        _, normalized_num_digits = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x.normalize())
+        if (num_digits > max_digits) and (normalized_num_digits > max_digits):
+            raise PydanticKnownError(
+                'decimal_max_digits',
+                {'max_digits': max_digits},
+            )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'max_digits' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def decimal_places_validator(x: Any, decimal_places: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        decimal_places_, _ = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x)
+        if decimal_places_ > decimal_places:
+            normalized_decimal_places, _ = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x.normalize())
+            if normalized_decimal_places > decimal_places:
+                raise PydanticKnownError(
+                    'decimal_max_places',
+                    {'decimal_places': decimal_places},
+                )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'decimal_places' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def deque_validator(input_value: Any, handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler) -> collections.deque[Any]:
+    return collections.deque(handler(input_value), maxlen=getattr(input_value, 'maxlen', None))
+
+
+def defaultdict_validator(
+    input_value: Any, handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, default_default_factory: Callable[[], Any]
+) -> collections.defaultdict[Any, Any]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, collections.defaultdict):
+        default_factory = input_value.default_factory
+        return collections.defaultdict(default_factory, handler(input_value))
+    else:
+        return collections.defaultdict(default_default_factory, handler(input_value))
+
+
+def get_defaultdict_default_default_factory(values_source_type: Any) -> Callable[[], Any]:
+    FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    values_type_origin = get_origin(values_source_type)
+
+    def infer_default() -> Callable[[], Any]:
+        allowed_default_types: dict[Any, Any] = {
+            tuple: tuple,
+            collections.abc.Sequence: tuple,
+            collections.abc.MutableSequence: list,
+            list: list,
+            typing.Sequence: list,
+            set: set,
+            typing.MutableSet: set,
+            collections.abc.MutableSet: set,
+            collections.abc.Set: frozenset,
+            typing.MutableMapping: dict,
+            typing.Mapping: dict,
+            collections.abc.Mapping: dict,
+            collections.abc.MutableMapping: dict,
+            float: float,
+            int: int,
+            str: str,
+            bool: bool,
+        }
+        values_type = values_type_origin or values_source_type
+        instructions = 'set using `DefaultDict[..., Annotated[..., Field(default_factory=...)]]`'
+        if typing_objects.is_typevar(values_type):
+
+            def type_var_default_factory() -> None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'Generic defaultdict cannot be used without a concrete value type or an'
+                    ' explicit default factory, ' + instructions
+                )
+
+            return type_var_default_factory
+        elif values_type not in allowed_default_types:
+            # a somewhat subjective set of types that have reasonable default values
+            allowed_msg = ', '.join([t.__name__ for t in set(allowed_default_types.values())])
+            raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(
+                f'Unable to infer a default factory for keys of type {values_source_type}.'
+                f' Only {allowed_msg} are supported, other types require an explicit default factory'
+                ' ' + instructions
+            )
+        return allowed_default_types[values_type]
+
+    # Assume Annotated[..., Field(...)]
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(values_type_origin):
+        field_info = next((v for v in get_args(values_source_type) if isinstance(v, FieldInfo)), None)
+    else:
+        field_info = None
+    if field_info and field_info.default_factory:
+        # Assume the default factory does not take any argument:
+        default_default_factory = cast(Callable[[], Any], field_info.default_factory)
+    else:
+        default_default_factory = infer_default()
+    return default_default_factory
+
+
+def validate_str_is_valid_iana_tz(value: Any, /) -> ZoneInfo:
+    if isinstance(value, ZoneInfo):
+        return value
+    try:
+        return ZoneInfo(value)
+    except (ZoneInfoNotFoundError, ValueError, TypeError):
+        raise PydanticCustomError('zoneinfo_str', 'invalid timezone: {value}', {'value': value})
+
+
+NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP: dict[str, Callable] = {
+    'gt': greater_than_validator,
+    'ge': greater_than_or_equal_validator,
+    'lt': less_than_validator,
+    'le': less_than_or_equal_validator,
+    'multiple_of': multiple_of_validator,
+    'min_length': min_length_validator,
+    'max_length': max_length_validator,
+    'max_digits': max_digits_validator,
+    'decimal_places': decimal_places_validator,
+}
+
+IpType = Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Network, IPv4Interface, IPv6Interface]
+
+IP_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP: dict[type[IpType], Callable] = {
+    IPv4Address: ip_v4_address_validator,
+    IPv6Address: ip_v6_address_validator,
+    IPv4Network: ip_v4_network_validator,
+    IPv6Network: ip_v6_network_validator,
+    IPv4Interface: ip_v4_interface_validator,
+    IPv6Interface: ip_v6_interface_validator,
+}
+
+MAPPING_ORIGIN_MAP: dict[Any, Any] = {
+    typing.DefaultDict: collections.defaultdict,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.defaultdict: collections.defaultdict,
+    typing.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing_extensions.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing.Counter: collections.Counter,
+    collections.Counter: collections.Counter,
+    # this doesn't handle subclasses of these
+    typing.Mapping: dict,
+    typing.MutableMapping: dict,
+    # parametrized typing.{Mutable}Mapping creates one of these
+    collections.abc.Mapping: dict,
+    collections.abc.MutableMapping: dict,
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_migration.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_migration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4ecd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_migration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from pydantic.warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+from .version import version_short
+
+MOVED_IN_V2 = {
+    'pydantic.utils:version_info': 'pydantic.version:version_info',
+    'pydantic.error_wrappers:ValidationError': 'pydantic:ValidationError',
+    'pydantic.utils:to_camel': 'pydantic.alias_generators:to_pascal',
+    'pydantic.utils:to_lower_camel': 'pydantic.alias_generators:to_camel',
+    'pydantic:PyObject': 'pydantic.types:ImportString',
+    'pydantic.types:PyObject': 'pydantic.types:ImportString',
+    'pydantic.generics:GenericModel': 'pydantic.BaseModel',
+}
+
+DEPRECATED_MOVED_IN_V2 = {
+    'pydantic.tools:schema_of': 'pydantic.deprecated.tools:schema_of',
+    'pydantic.tools:parse_obj_as': 'pydantic.deprecated.tools:parse_obj_as',
+    'pydantic.tools:schema_json_of': 'pydantic.deprecated.tools:schema_json_of',
+    'pydantic.json:pydantic_encoder': 'pydantic.deprecated.json:pydantic_encoder',
+    'pydantic:validate_arguments': 'pydantic.deprecated.decorator:validate_arguments',
+    'pydantic.json:custom_pydantic_encoder': 'pydantic.deprecated.json:custom_pydantic_encoder',
+    'pydantic.json:timedelta_isoformat': 'pydantic.deprecated.json:timedelta_isoformat',
+    'pydantic.decorator:validate_arguments': 'pydantic.deprecated.decorator:validate_arguments',
+    'pydantic.class_validators:validator': 'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators:validator',
+    'pydantic.class_validators:root_validator': 'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators:root_validator',
+    'pydantic.config:BaseConfig': 'pydantic.deprecated.config:BaseConfig',
+    'pydantic.config:Extra': 'pydantic.deprecated.config:Extra',
+}
+
+REDIRECT_TO_V1 = {
+    f'pydantic.utils:{obj}': f'pydantic.v1.utils:{obj}'
+    for obj in (
+        'deep_update',
+        'GetterDict',
+        'lenient_issubclass',
+        'lenient_isinstance',
+        'is_valid_field',
+        'update_not_none',
+        'import_string',
+        'Representation',
+        'ROOT_KEY',
+        'smart_deepcopy',
+        'sequence_like',
+    )
+}
+
+
+REMOVED_IN_V2 = {
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedBytes',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedDate',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedFloat',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedInt',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedList',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedSet',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedStr',
+    'pydantic:JsonWrapper',
+    'pydantic:NoneBytes',
+    'pydantic:NoneStr',
+    'pydantic:NoneStrBytes',
+    'pydantic:Protocol',
+    'pydantic:Required',
+    'pydantic:StrBytes',
+    'pydantic:compiled',
+    'pydantic.config:get_config',
+    'pydantic.config:inherit_config',
+    'pydantic.config:prepare_config',
+    'pydantic:create_model_from_namedtuple',
+    'pydantic:create_model_from_typeddict',
+    'pydantic.dataclasses:create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass',
+    'pydantic.dataclasses:make_dataclass_validator',
+    'pydantic.dataclasses:set_validation',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_date',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_time',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_datetime',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_duration',
+    'pydantic.error_wrappers:ErrorWrapper',
+    'pydantic.errors:AnyStrMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:AnyStrMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ArbitraryTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:BoolError',
+    'pydantic.errors:BytesError',
+    'pydantic.errors:CallableError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ClassError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ColorError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ConfigError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DataclassTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateNotInTheFutureError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateNotInThePastError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateTimeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalIsNotFiniteError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalMaxDigitsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalMaxPlacesError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalWholeDigitsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DictError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DurationError',
+    'pydantic.errors:EmailError',
+    'pydantic.errors:EnumError',
+    'pydantic.errors:EnumMemberError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ExtraError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FloatError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FrozenSetError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FrozenSetMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FrozenSetMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:HashableError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv4AddressError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv4InterfaceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv4NetworkError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv6AddressError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv6InterfaceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv6NetworkError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPvAnyAddressError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPvAnyInterfaceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPvAnyNetworkError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IntEnumError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IntegerError',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidByteSize',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidByteSizeUnit',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidDiscriminator',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidLengthForBrand',
+    'pydantic.errors:JsonError',
+    'pydantic.errors:JsonTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListUniqueItemsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:LuhnValidationError',
+    'pydantic.errors:MissingDiscriminator',
+    'pydantic.errors:MissingError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NoneIsAllowedError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NoneIsNotAllowedError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NotDigitError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NotNoneError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotGeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotGtError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotLeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotLtError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotMultipleError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathNotADirectoryError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathNotAFileError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathNotExistsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PatternError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PyObjectError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PydanticTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PydanticValueError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SequenceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SetError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SetMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SetMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:StrError',
+    'pydantic.errors:StrRegexError',
+    'pydantic.errors:StrictBoolError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SubclassError',
+    'pydantic.errors:TimeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:TupleError',
+    'pydantic.errors:TupleLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UUIDError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UUIDVersionError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlExtraError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlHostError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlHostTldError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlPortError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlSchemeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlSchemePermittedError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlUserInfoError',
+    'pydantic.errors:WrongConstantError',
+    'pydantic.main:validate_model',
+    'pydantic.networks:stricturl',
+    'pydantic:parse_file_as',
+    'pydantic:parse_raw_as',
+    'pydantic:stricturl',
+    'pydantic.tools:parse_file_as',
+    'pydantic.tools:parse_raw_as',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedBytes',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedDate',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedFloat',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedInt',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedList',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedSet',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedStr',
+    'pydantic.types:JsonWrapper',
+    'pydantic.types:NoneBytes',
+    'pydantic.types:NoneStr',
+    'pydantic.types:NoneStrBytes',
+    'pydantic.types:StrBytes',
+    'pydantic.typing:evaluate_forwardref',
+    'pydantic.typing:AbstractSetIntStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:AnyCallable',
+    'pydantic.typing:AnyClassMethod',
+    'pydantic.typing:CallableGenerator',
+    'pydantic.typing:DictAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:DictIntStrAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:DictStrAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:IntStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:ListStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:MappingIntStrAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:NoArgAnyCallable',
+    'pydantic.typing:NoneType',
+    'pydantic.typing:ReprArgs',
+    'pydantic.typing:SetStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:StrPath',
+    'pydantic.typing:TupleGenerator',
+    'pydantic.typing:WithArgsTypes',
+    'pydantic.typing:all_literal_values',
+    'pydantic.typing:display_as_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_all_type_hints',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_args',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_origin',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_sub_types',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_callable_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_classvar',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_finalvar',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_literal_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_namedtuple',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_new_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_none_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_typeddict',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_typeddict_special',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_union',
+    'pydantic.typing:new_type_supertype',
+    'pydantic.typing:resolve_annotations',
+    'pydantic.typing:typing_base',
+    'pydantic.typing:update_field_forward_refs',
+    'pydantic.typing:update_model_forward_refs',
+    'pydantic.utils:ClassAttribute',
+    'pydantic.utils:DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES',
+    'pydantic.utils:PyObjectStr',
+    'pydantic.utils:ValueItems',
+    'pydantic.utils:almost_equal_floats',
+    'pydantic.utils:get_discriminator_alias_and_values',
+    'pydantic.utils:get_model',
+    'pydantic.utils:get_unique_discriminator_alias',
+    'pydantic.utils:in_ipython',
+    'pydantic.utils:is_valid_identifier',
+    'pydantic.utils:path_type',
+    'pydantic.utils:validate_field_name',
+    'pydantic:validate_model',
+}
+
+
+def getattr_migration(module: str) -> Callable[[str], Any]:
+    """Implement PEP 562 for objects that were either moved or removed on the migration
+    to V2.
+
+    Args:
+        module: The module name.
+
+    Returns:
+        A callable that will raise an error if the object is not found.
+    """
+    # This avoids circular import with errors.py.
+    from .errors import PydanticImportError
+
+    def wrapper(name: str) -> object:
+        """Raise an error if the object is not found, or warn if it was moved.
+
+        In case it was moved, it still returns the object.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The object name.
+
+        Returns:
+            The object.
+        """
+        if name == '__path__':
+            raise AttributeError(f'module {module!r} has no attribute {name!r}')
+
+        import warnings
+
+        from ._internal._validators import import_string
+
+        import_path = f'{module}:{name}'
+        if import_path in MOVED_IN_V2.keys():
+            new_location = MOVED_IN_V2[import_path]
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'`{import_path}` has been moved to `{new_location}`.',
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return import_string(MOVED_IN_V2[import_path])
+        if import_path in DEPRECATED_MOVED_IN_V2:
+            # skip the warning here because a deprecation warning will be raised elsewhere
+            return import_string(DEPRECATED_MOVED_IN_V2[import_path])
+        if import_path in REDIRECT_TO_V1:
+            new_location = REDIRECT_TO_V1[import_path]
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'`{import_path}` has been removed. We are importing from `{new_location}` instead.'
+                'See the migration guide for more details: https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/migration/',
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return import_string(REDIRECT_TO_V1[import_path])
+        if import_path == 'pydantic:BaseSettings':
+            raise PydanticImportError(
+                '`BaseSettings` has been moved to the `pydantic-settings` package. '
+                f'See https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/migration/#basesettings-has-moved-to-pydantic-settings '
+                'for more details.'
+            )
+        if import_path in REMOVED_IN_V2:
+            raise PydanticImportError(f'`{import_path}` has been removed in V2.')
+        globals: dict[str, Any] = sys.modules[module].__dict__
+        if name in globals:
+            return globals[name]
+        raise AttributeError(f'module {module!r} has no attribute {name!r}')
+
+    return wrapper
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/alias_generators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/alias_generators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b7653f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/alias_generators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Alias generators for converting between different capitalization conventions."""
+
+import re
+
+__all__ = ('to_pascal', 'to_camel', 'to_snake')
+
+# TODO: in V3, change the argument names to be more descriptive
+# Generally, don't only convert from snake_case, or name the functions
+# more specifically like snake_to_camel.
+
+
+def to_pascal(snake: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a snake_case string to PascalCase.
+
+    Args:
+        snake: The string to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+        The PascalCase string.
+    """
+    camel = snake.title()
+    return re.sub('([0-9A-Za-z])_(?=[0-9A-Z])', lambda m: m.group(1), camel)
+
+
+def to_camel(snake: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a snake_case string to camelCase.
+
+    Args:
+        snake: The string to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+        The converted camelCase string.
+    """
+    # If the string is already in camelCase and does not contain a digit followed
+    # by a lowercase letter, return it as it is
+    if re.match('^[a-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]*$', snake) and not re.search(r'\d[a-z]', snake):
+        return snake
+
+    camel = to_pascal(snake)
+    return re.sub('(^_*[A-Z])', lambda m: m.group(1).lower(), camel)
+
+
+def to_snake(camel: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a PascalCase, camelCase, or kebab-case string to snake_case.
+
+    Args:
+        camel: The string to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+        The converted string in snake_case.
+    """
+    # Handle the sequence of uppercase letters followed by a lowercase letter
+    snake = re.sub(r'([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', camel)
+    # Insert an underscore between a lowercase letter and an uppercase letter
+    snake = re.sub(r'([a-z])([A-Z])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', snake)
+    # Insert an underscore between a digit and an uppercase letter
+    snake = re.sub(r'([0-9])([A-Z])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', snake)
+    # Insert an underscore between a lowercase letter and a digit
+    snake = re.sub(r'([a-z])([0-9])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', snake)
+    # Replace hyphens with underscores to handle kebab-case
+    snake = snake.replace('-', '_')
+    return snake.lower()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/aliases.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/aliases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac22737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/aliases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""Support for alias configurations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+
+from ._internal import _internal_dataclass
+
+__all__ = ('AliasGenerator', 'AliasPath', 'AliasChoices')
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AliasPath:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`AliasPath` and `AliasChoices`](../concepts/alias.md#aliaspath-and-aliaschoices)
+
+    A data class used by `validation_alias` as a convenience to create aliases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path: A list of string or integer aliases.
+    """
+
+    path: list[int | str]
+
+    def __init__(self, first_arg: str, *args: str | int) -> None:
+        self.path = [first_arg] + list(args)
+
+    def convert_to_aliases(self) -> list[str | int]:
+        """Converts arguments to a list of string or integer aliases.
+
+        Returns:
+            The list of aliases.
+        """
+        return self.path
+
+    def search_dict_for_path(self, d: dict) -> Any:
+        """Searches a dictionary for the path specified by the alias.
+
+        Returns:
+            The value at the specified path, or `PydanticUndefined` if the path is not found.
+        """
+        v = d
+        for k in self.path:
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                # disallow indexing into a str, like for AliasPath('x', 0) and x='abc'
+                return PydanticUndefined
+            try:
+                v = v[k]
+            except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+                return PydanticUndefined
+        return v
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AliasChoices:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`AliasPath` and `AliasChoices`](../concepts/alias.md#aliaspath-and-aliaschoices)
+
+    A data class used by `validation_alias` as a convenience to create aliases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        choices: A list containing a string or `AliasPath`.
+    """
+
+    choices: list[str | AliasPath]
+
+    def __init__(self, first_choice: str | AliasPath, *choices: str | AliasPath) -> None:
+        self.choices = [first_choice] + list(choices)
+
+    def convert_to_aliases(self) -> list[list[str | int]]:
+        """Converts arguments to a list of lists containing string or integer aliases.
+
+        Returns:
+            The list of aliases.
+        """
+        aliases: list[list[str | int]] = []
+        for c in self.choices:
+            if isinstance(c, AliasPath):
+                aliases.append(c.convert_to_aliases())
+            else:
+                aliases.append([c])
+        return aliases
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AliasGenerator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Using an `AliasGenerator`](../concepts/alias.md#using-an-aliasgenerator)
+
+    A data class used by `alias_generator` as a convenience to create various aliases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        alias: A callable that takes a field name and returns an alias for it.
+        validation_alias: A callable that takes a field name and returns a validation alias for it.
+        serialization_alias: A callable that takes a field name and returns a serialization alias for it.
+    """
+
+    alias: Callable[[str], str] | None = None
+    validation_alias: Callable[[str], str | AliasPath | AliasChoices] | None = None
+    serialization_alias: Callable[[str], str] | None = None
+
+    def _generate_alias(
+        self,
+        alias_kind: Literal['alias', 'validation_alias', 'serialization_alias'],
+        allowed_types: tuple[type[str] | type[AliasPath] | type[AliasChoices], ...],
+        field_name: str,
+    ) -> str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None:
+        """Generate an alias of the specified kind. Returns None if the alias generator is None.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If the alias generator produces an invalid type.
+        """
+        alias = None
+        if alias_generator := getattr(self, alias_kind):
+            alias = alias_generator(field_name)
+            if alias and not isinstance(alias, allowed_types):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'Invalid `{alias_kind}` type. `{alias_kind}` generator must produce one of `{allowed_types}`'
+                )
+        return alias
+
+    def generate_aliases(self, field_name: str) -> tuple[str | None, str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None, str | None]:
+        """Generate `alias`, `validation_alias`, and `serialization_alias` for a field.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of three aliases - validation, alias, and serialization.
+        """
+        alias = self._generate_alias('alias', (str,), field_name)
+        validation_alias = self._generate_alias('validation_alias', (str, AliasChoices, AliasPath), field_name)
+        serialization_alias = self._generate_alias('serialization_alias', (str,), field_name)
+
+        return alias, validation_alias, serialization_alias  # type: ignore
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/annotated_handlers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/annotated_handlers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0cb5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/annotated_handlers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Type annotations to use with `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` and `__get_pydantic_json_schema__`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._namespace_utils import NamespacesTuple
+    from .json_schema import JsonSchemaMode, JsonSchemaValue
+
+    CoreSchemaOrField = Union[
+        core_schema.CoreSchema,
+        core_schema.ModelField,
+        core_schema.DataclassField,
+        core_schema.TypedDictField,
+        core_schema.ComputedField,
+    ]
+
+__all__ = 'GetJsonSchemaHandler', 'GetCoreSchemaHandler'
+
+
+class GetJsonSchemaHandler:
+    """Handler to call into the next JSON schema generation function.
+
+    Attributes:
+        mode: Json schema mode, can be `validation` or `serialization`.
+    """
+
+    mode: JsonSchemaMode
+
+    def __call__(self, core_schema: CoreSchemaOrField, /) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Call the inner handler and get the JsonSchemaValue it returns.
+        This will call the next JSON schema modifying function up until it calls
+        into `pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema`, which will raise a
+        `pydantic.errors.PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema` error if it cannot generate
+        a JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            core_schema: A `pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreSchema`.
+
+        Returns:
+            JsonSchemaValue: The JSON schema generated by the inner JSON schema modify
+            functions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_json_schema: JsonSchemaValue, /) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Get the real schema for a `{"$ref": ...}` schema.
+        If the schema given is not a `$ref` schema, it will be returned as is.
+        This means you don't have to check before calling this function.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_json_schema: A JsonSchemaValue which may be a `$ref` schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If the ref is not found.
+
+        Returns:
+            JsonSchemaValue: A JsonSchemaValue that has no `$ref`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class GetCoreSchemaHandler:
+    """Handler to call into the next CoreSchema schema generation function."""
+
+    def __call__(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Call the inner handler and get the CoreSchema it returns.
+        This will call the next CoreSchema modifying function up until it calls
+        into Pydantic's internal schema generation machinery, which will raise a
+        `pydantic.errors.PydanticSchemaGenerationError` error if it cannot generate
+        a CoreSchema for the given source type.
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: The input type.
+
+        Returns:
+            CoreSchema: The `pydantic-core` CoreSchema generated.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def generate_schema(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate a schema unrelated to the current context.
+        Use this function if e.g. you are handling schema generation for a sequence
+        and want to generate a schema for its items.
+        Otherwise, you may end up doing something like applying a `min_length` constraint
+        that was intended for the sequence itself to its items!
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: The input type.
+
+        Returns:
+            CoreSchema: The `pydantic-core` CoreSchema generated.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Get the real schema for a `definition-ref` schema.
+        If the schema given is not a `definition-ref` schema, it will be returned as is.
+        This means you don't have to check before calling this function.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_schema: A `CoreSchema`, `ref`-based or not.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If the `ref` is not found.
+
+        Returns:
+            A concrete `CoreSchema`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str | None:
+        """Get the name of the closest field to this validator."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _get_types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        """Internal method used during type resolution for serializer annotations."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/class_validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/class_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9977150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/class_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""`class_validators` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/color.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a42d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+"""Color definitions are used as per the CSS3
+[CSS Color Module Level 3](http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color) specification.
+
+A few colors have multiple names referring to the sames colors, eg. `grey` and `gray` or `aqua` and `cyan`.
+
+In these cases the _last_ color when sorted alphabetically takes preferences,
+eg. `Color((0, 255, 255)).as_named() == 'cyan'` because "cyan" comes after "aqua".
+
+Warning: Deprecated
+    The `Color` class is deprecated, use `pydantic_extra_types` instead.
+    See [`pydantic-extra-types.Color`](../usage/types/extra_types/color_types.md)
+    for more information.
+"""
+
+import math
+import re
+from colorsys import hls_to_rgb, rgb_to_hls
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, PydanticCustomError, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ._internal import _repr
+from ._internal._schema_generation_shared import GetJsonSchemaHandler as _GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+ColorTuple = Union[tuple[int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int, float]]
+ColorType = Union[ColorTuple, str]
+HslColorTuple = Union[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float, float]]
+
+
+class RGBA:
+    """Internal use only as a representation of a color."""
+
+    __slots__ = 'r', 'g', 'b', 'alpha', '_tuple'
+
+    def __init__(self, r: float, g: float, b: float, alpha: Optional[float]):
+        self.r = r
+        self.g = g
+        self.b = b
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+        self._tuple: tuple[float, float, float, Optional[float]] = (r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any:
+        return self._tuple[item]
+
+
+# these are not compiled here to avoid import slowdown, they'll be compiled the first time they're used, then cached
+_r_255 = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)'
+_r_comma = r'\s*,\s*'
+_r_alpha = r'(\d(?:\.\d+)?|\.\d+|\d{1,2}%)'
+_r_h = r'(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?|-?\.\d+)(deg|rad|turn)?'
+_r_sl = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)%'
+r_hex_short = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])?\s*'
+r_hex_long = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})?\s*'
+# CSS3 RGB examples: rgb(0, 0, 0), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 50%)
+r_rgb = rf'\s*rgba?\(\s*{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}(?:{_r_comma}{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+# CSS3 HSL examples: hsl(270, 60%, 50%), hsla(270, 60%, 50%, 0.5), hsla(270, 60%, 50%, 50%)
+r_hsl = rf'\s*hsla?\(\s*{_r_h}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}(?:{_r_comma}{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+# CSS4 RGB examples: rgb(0 0 0), rgb(0 0 0 / 0.5), rgb(0 0 0 / 50%), rgba(0 0 0 / 50%)
+r_rgb_v4_style = rf'\s*rgba?\(\s*{_r_255}\s+{_r_255}\s+{_r_255}(?:\s*/\s*{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+# CSS4 HSL examples: hsl(270 60% 50%), hsl(270 60% 50% / 0.5), hsl(270 60% 50% / 50%), hsla(270 60% 50% / 50%)
+r_hsl_v4_style = rf'\s*hsla?\(\s*{_r_h}\s+{_r_sl}\s+{_r_sl}(?:\s*/\s*{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+
+# colors where the two hex characters are the same, if all colors match this the short version of hex colors can be used
+repeat_colors = {int(c * 2, 16) for c in '0123456789abcdef'}
+rads = 2 * math.pi
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'The `Color` class is deprecated, use `pydantic_extra_types` instead. '
+    'See https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/pydantic_extra_types_color/.',
+    category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+)
+class Color(_repr.Representation):
+    """Represents a color."""
+
+    __slots__ = '_original', '_rgba'
+
+    def __init__(self, value: ColorType) -> None:
+        self._rgba: RGBA
+        self._original: ColorType
+        if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+            self._rgba = parse_tuple(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self._rgba = parse_str(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, Color):
+            self._rgba = value._rgba
+            value = value._original
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError(
+                'color_error', 'value is not a valid color: value must be a tuple, list or string'
+            )
+
+        # if we've got here value must be a valid color
+        self._original = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = {}
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='color')
+        return field_schema
+
+    def original(self) -> ColorType:
+        """Original value passed to `Color`."""
+        return self._original
+
+    def as_named(self, *, fallback: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Returns the name of the color if it can be found in `COLORS_BY_VALUE` dictionary,
+        otherwise returns the hexadecimal representation of the color or raises `ValueError`.
+
+        Args:
+            fallback: If True, falls back to returning the hexadecimal representation of
+                the color instead of raising a ValueError when no named color is found.
+
+        Returns:
+            The name of the color, or the hexadecimal representation of the color.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When no named color is found and fallback is `False`.
+        """
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            rgb = cast(tuple[int, int, int], self.as_rgb_tuple())
+            try:
+                return COLORS_BY_VALUE[rgb]
+            except KeyError as e:
+                if fallback:
+                    return self.as_hex()
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('no named color found, use fallback=True, as_hex() or as_rgb()') from e
+        else:
+            return self.as_hex()
+
+    def as_hex(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the hexadecimal representation of the color.
+
+        Hex string representing the color can be 3, 4, 6, or 8 characters depending on whether the string
+        a "short" representation of the color is possible and whether there's an alpha channel.
+
+        Returns:
+            The hexadecimal representation of the color.
+        """
+        values = [float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3]]
+        if self._rgba.alpha is not None:
+            values.append(float_to_255(self._rgba.alpha))
+
+        as_hex = ''.join(f'{v:02x}' for v in values)
+        if all(c in repeat_colors for c in values):
+            as_hex = ''.join(as_hex[c] for c in range(0, len(as_hex), 2))
+        return '#' + as_hex
+
+    def as_rgb(self) -> str:
+        """Color as an `rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>)` or `rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>)` string."""
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            return f'rgb({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)})'
+        else:
+            return (
+                f'rgba({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)}, '
+                f'{round(self._alpha_float(), 2)})'
+            )
+
+    def as_rgb_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> ColorTuple:
+        """Returns the color as an RGB or RGBA tuple.
+
+        Args:
+            alpha: Whether to include the alpha channel. There are three options for this input:
+
+                - `None` (default): Include alpha only if it's set. (e.g. not `None`)
+                - `True`: Always include alpha.
+                - `False`: Always omit alpha.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple that contains the values of the red, green, and blue channels in the range 0 to 255.
+                If alpha is included, it is in the range 0 to 1.
+        """
+        r, g, b = (float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3])
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return r, g, b
+            else:
+                return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        elif alpha:
+            return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return r, g, b
+
+    def as_hsl(self) -> str:
+        """Color as an `hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>)` or `hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>, <a>)` string."""
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            h, s, li = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=False)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%})'
+        else:
+            h, s, li, a = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=True)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%}, {round(a, 2)})'
+
+    def as_hsl_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> HslColorTuple:
+        """Returns the color as an HSL or HSLA tuple.
+
+        Args:
+            alpha: Whether to include the alpha channel.
+
+                - `None` (default): Include the alpha channel only if it's set (e.g. not `None`).
+                - `True`: Always include alpha.
+                - `False`: Always omit alpha.
+
+        Returns:
+            The color as a tuple of hue, saturation, lightness, and alpha (if included).
+                All elements are in the range 0 to 1.
+
+        Note:
+            This is HSL as used in HTML and most other places, not HLS as used in Python's `colorsys`.
+        """
+        h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(self._rgba.r, self._rgba.g, self._rgba.b)  # noqa: E741
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return h, s, l
+            else:
+                return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        if alpha:
+            return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return h, s, l
+
+    def _alpha_float(self) -> float:
+        return 1 if self._rgba.alpha is None else self._rgba.alpha
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], CoreSchema]
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(
+            cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> 'Color':
+        return cls(__input_value)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.as_named(fallback=True)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> '_repr.ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, self.as_named(fallback=True))] + [('rgb', self.as_rgb_tuple())]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Color) and self.as_rgb_tuple() == other.as_rgb_tuple()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.as_rgb_tuple())
+
+
+def parse_tuple(value: tuple[Any, ...]) -> RGBA:
+    """Parse a tuple or list to get RGBA values.
+
+    Args:
+        value: A tuple or list.
+
+    Returns:
+        An `RGBA` tuple parsed from the input tuple.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If tuple is not valid.
+    """
+    if len(value) == 3:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value)
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, None)
+    elif len(value) == 4:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value[:3])
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, parse_float_alpha(value[3]))
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: tuples must have length 3 or 4')
+
+
+def parse_str(value: str) -> RGBA:
+    """Parse a string representing a color to an RGBA tuple.
+
+    Possible formats for the input string include:
+
+    * named color, see `COLORS_BY_NAME`
+    * hex short eg. `<prefix>fff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * hex long eg. `<prefix>ffffff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * `rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>)`
+    * `rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>)`
+
+    Args:
+        value: A string representing a color.
+
+    Returns:
+        An `RGBA` tuple parsed from the input string.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the input string cannot be parsed to an RGBA tuple.
+    """
+    value_lower = value.lower()
+    try:
+        r, g, b = COLORS_BY_NAME[value_lower]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, None)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_short, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v * 2, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha: Optional[float] = int(a * 2, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_long, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha = int(a, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_rgb, value_lower) or re.fullmatch(r_rgb_v4_style, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return ints_to_rgba(*m.groups())  # type: ignore
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hsl, value_lower) or re.fullmatch(r_hsl_v4_style, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return parse_hsl(*m.groups())  # type: ignore
+
+    raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: string not recognised as a valid color')
+
+
+def ints_to_rgba(r: Union[int, str], g: Union[int, str], b: Union[int, str], alpha: Optional[float] = None) -> RGBA:
+    """Converts integer or string values for RGB color and an optional alpha value to an `RGBA` object.
+
+    Args:
+        r: An integer or string representing the red color value.
+        g: An integer or string representing the green color value.
+        b: An integer or string representing the blue color value.
+        alpha: A float representing the alpha value. Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of the `RGBA` class with the corresponding color and alpha values.
+    """
+    return RGBA(parse_color_value(r), parse_color_value(g), parse_color_value(b), parse_float_alpha(alpha))
+
+
+def parse_color_value(value: Union[int, str], max_val: int = 255) -> float:
+    """Parse the color value provided and return a number between 0 and 1.
+
+    Args:
+        value: An integer or string color value.
+        max_val: Maximum range value. Defaults to 255.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If the value is not a valid color.
+
+    Returns:
+        A number between 0 and 1.
+    """
+    try:
+        color = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: color values must be a valid number')
+    if 0 <= color <= max_val:
+        return color / max_val
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'color_error',
+            'value is not a valid color: color values must be in the range 0 to {max_val}',
+            {'max_val': max_val},
+        )
+
+
+def parse_float_alpha(value: Union[None, str, float, int]) -> Optional[float]:
+    """Parse an alpha value checking it's a valid float in the range 0 to 1.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The input value to parse.
+
+    Returns:
+        The parsed value as a float, or `None` if the value was None or equal 1.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If the input value cannot be successfully parsed as a float in the expected range.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith('%'):
+            alpha = float(value[:-1]) / 100
+        else:
+            alpha = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: alpha values must be a valid float')
+
+    if math.isclose(alpha, 1):
+        return None
+    elif 0 <= alpha <= 1:
+        return alpha
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: alpha values must be in the range 0 to 1')
+
+
+def parse_hsl(h: str, h_units: str, sat: str, light: str, alpha: Optional[float] = None) -> RGBA:
+    """Parse raw hue, saturation, lightness, and alpha values and convert to RGBA.
+
+    Args:
+        h: The hue value.
+        h_units: The unit for hue value.
+        sat: The saturation value.
+        light: The lightness value.
+        alpha: Alpha value.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of `RGBA`.
+    """
+    s_value, l_value = parse_color_value(sat, 100), parse_color_value(light, 100)
+
+    h_value = float(h)
+    if h_units in {None, 'deg'}:
+        h_value = h_value % 360 / 360
+    elif h_units == 'rad':
+        h_value = h_value % rads / rads
+    else:
+        # turns
+        h_value = h_value % 1
+
+    r, g, b = hls_to_rgb(h_value, l_value, s_value)
+    return RGBA(r, g, b, parse_float_alpha(alpha))
+
+
+def float_to_255(c: float) -> int:
+    """Converts a float value between 0 and 1 (inclusive) to an integer between 0 and 255 (inclusive).
+
+    Args:
+        c: The float value to be converted. Must be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
+
+    Returns:
+        The integer equivalent of the given float value rounded to the nearest whole number.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the given float value is outside the acceptable range of 0 to 1 (inclusive).
+    """
+    return int(round(c * 255))
+
+
+COLORS_BY_NAME = {
+    'aliceblue': (240, 248, 255),
+    'antiquewhite': (250, 235, 215),
+    'aqua': (0, 255, 255),
+    'aquamarine': (127, 255, 212),
+    'azure': (240, 255, 255),
+    'beige': (245, 245, 220),
+    'bisque': (255, 228, 196),
+    'black': (0, 0, 0),
+    'blanchedalmond': (255, 235, 205),
+    'blue': (0, 0, 255),
+    'blueviolet': (138, 43, 226),
+    'brown': (165, 42, 42),
+    'burlywood': (222, 184, 135),
+    'cadetblue': (95, 158, 160),
+    'chartreuse': (127, 255, 0),
+    'chocolate': (210, 105, 30),
+    'coral': (255, 127, 80),
+    'cornflowerblue': (100, 149, 237),
+    'cornsilk': (255, 248, 220),
+    'crimson': (220, 20, 60),
+    'cyan': (0, 255, 255),
+    'darkblue': (0, 0, 139),
+    'darkcyan': (0, 139, 139),
+    'darkgoldenrod': (184, 134, 11),
+    'darkgray': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkgreen': (0, 100, 0),
+    'darkgrey': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkkhaki': (189, 183, 107),
+    'darkmagenta': (139, 0, 139),
+    'darkolivegreen': (85, 107, 47),
+    'darkorange': (255, 140, 0),
+    'darkorchid': (153, 50, 204),
+    'darkred': (139, 0, 0),
+    'darksalmon': (233, 150, 122),
+    'darkseagreen': (143, 188, 143),
+    'darkslateblue': (72, 61, 139),
+    'darkslategray': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkslategrey': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkturquoise': (0, 206, 209),
+    'darkviolet': (148, 0, 211),
+    'deeppink': (255, 20, 147),
+    'deepskyblue': (0, 191, 255),
+    'dimgray': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dimgrey': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dodgerblue': (30, 144, 255),
+    'firebrick': (178, 34, 34),
+    'floralwhite': (255, 250, 240),
+    'forestgreen': (34, 139, 34),
+    'fuchsia': (255, 0, 255),
+    'gainsboro': (220, 220, 220),
+    'ghostwhite': (248, 248, 255),
+    'gold': (255, 215, 0),
+    'goldenrod': (218, 165, 32),
+    'gray': (128, 128, 128),
+    'green': (0, 128, 0),
+    'greenyellow': (173, 255, 47),
+    'grey': (128, 128, 128),
+    'honeydew': (240, 255, 240),
+    'hotpink': (255, 105, 180),
+    'indianred': (205, 92, 92),
+    'indigo': (75, 0, 130),
+    'ivory': (255, 255, 240),
+    'khaki': (240, 230, 140),
+    'lavender': (230, 230, 250),
+    'lavenderblush': (255, 240, 245),
+    'lawngreen': (124, 252, 0),
+    'lemonchiffon': (255, 250, 205),
+    'lightblue': (173, 216, 230),
+    'lightcoral': (240, 128, 128),
+    'lightcyan': (224, 255, 255),
+    'lightgoldenrodyellow': (250, 250, 210),
+    'lightgray': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightgreen': (144, 238, 144),
+    'lightgrey': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightpink': (255, 182, 193),
+    'lightsalmon': (255, 160, 122),
+    'lightseagreen': (32, 178, 170),
+    'lightskyblue': (135, 206, 250),
+    'lightslategray': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightslategrey': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightsteelblue': (176, 196, 222),
+    'lightyellow': (255, 255, 224),
+    'lime': (0, 255, 0),
+    'limegreen': (50, 205, 50),
+    'linen': (250, 240, 230),
+    'magenta': (255, 0, 255),
+    'maroon': (128, 0, 0),
+    'mediumaquamarine': (102, 205, 170),
+    'mediumblue': (0, 0, 205),
+    'mediumorchid': (186, 85, 211),
+    'mediumpurple': (147, 112, 219),
+    'mediumseagreen': (60, 179, 113),
+    'mediumslateblue': (123, 104, 238),
+    'mediumspringgreen': (0, 250, 154),
+    'mediumturquoise': (72, 209, 204),
+    'mediumvioletred': (199, 21, 133),
+    'midnightblue': (25, 25, 112),
+    'mintcream': (245, 255, 250),
+    'mistyrose': (255, 228, 225),
+    'moccasin': (255, 228, 181),
+    'navajowhite': (255, 222, 173),
+    'navy': (0, 0, 128),
+    'oldlace': (253, 245, 230),
+    'olive': (128, 128, 0),
+    'olivedrab': (107, 142, 35),
+    'orange': (255, 165, 0),
+    'orangered': (255, 69, 0),
+    'orchid': (218, 112, 214),
+    'palegoldenrod': (238, 232, 170),
+    'palegreen': (152, 251, 152),
+    'paleturquoise': (175, 238, 238),
+    'palevioletred': (219, 112, 147),
+    'papayawhip': (255, 239, 213),
+    'peachpuff': (255, 218, 185),
+    'peru': (205, 133, 63),
+    'pink': (255, 192, 203),
+    'plum': (221, 160, 221),
+    'powderblue': (176, 224, 230),
+    'purple': (128, 0, 128),
+    'red': (255, 0, 0),
+    'rosybrown': (188, 143, 143),
+    'royalblue': (65, 105, 225),
+    'saddlebrown': (139, 69, 19),
+    'salmon': (250, 128, 114),
+    'sandybrown': (244, 164, 96),
+    'seagreen': (46, 139, 87),
+    'seashell': (255, 245, 238),
+    'sienna': (160, 82, 45),
+    'silver': (192, 192, 192),
+    'skyblue': (135, 206, 235),
+    'slateblue': (106, 90, 205),
+    'slategray': (112, 128, 144),
+    'slategrey': (112, 128, 144),
+    'snow': (255, 250, 250),
+    'springgreen': (0, 255, 127),
+    'steelblue': (70, 130, 180),
+    'tan': (210, 180, 140),
+    'teal': (0, 128, 128),
+    'thistle': (216, 191, 216),
+    'tomato': (255, 99, 71),
+    'turquoise': (64, 224, 208),
+    'violet': (238, 130, 238),
+    'wheat': (245, 222, 179),
+    'white': (255, 255, 255),
+    'whitesmoke': (245, 245, 245),
+    'yellow': (255, 255, 0),
+    'yellowgreen': (154, 205, 50),
+}
+
+COLORS_BY_VALUE = {v: k for k, v in COLORS_BY_NAME.items()}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d89525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1296 @@
+"""Configuration for Pydantic models."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import warnings
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, cast, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypedDict, Unpack, deprecated
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .aliases import AliasGenerator
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._generate_schema import GenerateSchema as _GenerateSchema
+    from .fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo
+
+__all__ = ('ConfigDict', 'with_config')
+
+
+JsonValue: TypeAlias = Union[int, float, str, bool, None, list['JsonValue'], 'JsonDict']
+JsonDict: TypeAlias = dict[str, JsonValue]
+
+JsonEncoder = Callable[[Any], Any]
+
+JsonSchemaExtraCallable: TypeAlias = Union[
+    Callable[[JsonDict], None],
+    Callable[[JsonDict, type[Any]], None],
+]
+
+ExtraValues = Literal['allow', 'ignore', 'forbid']
+
+
+class ConfigDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """A TypedDict for configuring Pydantic behaviour."""
+
+    title: str | None
+    """The title for the generated JSON schema, defaults to the model's name"""
+
+    model_title_generator: Callable[[type], str] | None
+    """A callable that takes a model class and returns the title for it. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo | ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None
+    """A callable that takes a field's name and info and returns title for it. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    str_to_lower: bool
+    """Whether to convert all characters to lowercase for str types. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    str_to_upper: bool
+    """Whether to convert all characters to uppercase for str types. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    str_strip_whitespace: bool
+    """Whether to strip leading and trailing whitespace for str types."""
+
+    str_min_length: int
+    """The minimum length for str types. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    str_max_length: int | None
+    """The maximum length for str types. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    extra: ExtraValues | None
+    '''
+    Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model initialization. Defaults to `'ignore'`.
+
+    Three configuration values are available:
+
+    - `'ignore'`: Providing extra data is ignored (the default):
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+      class User(BaseModel):
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='ignore')  # (1)!
+
+          name: str
+
+      user = User(name='John Doe', age=20)  # (2)!
+      print(user)
+      #> name='John Doe'
+      ```
+
+        1. This is the default behaviour.
+        2. The `age` argument is ignored.
+
+    - `'forbid'`: Providing extra data is not permitted, and a [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError]
+      will be raised if this is the case:
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+
+      class Model(BaseModel):
+          x: int
+
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid')
+
+
+      try:
+          Model(x=1, y='a')
+      except ValidationError as exc:
+          print(exc)
+          """
+          1 validation error for Model
+          y
+            Extra inputs are not permitted [type=extra_forbidden, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+          """
+      ```
+
+    - `'allow'`: Providing extra data is allowed and stored in the `__pydantic_extra__` dictionary attribute:
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+      class Model(BaseModel):
+          x: int
+
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow')
+
+
+      m = Model(x=1, y='a')
+      assert m.__pydantic_extra__ == {'y': 'a'}
+      ```
+      By default, no validation will be applied to these extra items, but you can set a type for the values by overriding
+      the type annotation for `__pydantic_extra__`:
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+
+
+      class Model(BaseModel):
+          __pydantic_extra__: dict[str, int] = Field(init=False)  # (1)!
+
+          x: int
+
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow')
+
+
+      try:
+          Model(x=1, y='a')
+      except ValidationError as exc:
+          print(exc)
+          """
+          1 validation error for Model
+          y
+            Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+          """
+
+      m = Model(x=1, y='2')
+      assert m.x == 1
+      assert m.y == 2
+      assert m.model_dump() == {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
+      assert m.__pydantic_extra__ == {'y': 2}
+      ```
+
+        1. The `= Field(init=False)` does not have any effect at runtime, but prevents the `__pydantic_extra__` field from
+           being included as a parameter to the model's `__init__` method by type checkers.
+
+    As well as specifying an `extra` configuration value on the model, you can also provide it as an argument to the validation methods.
+    This will override any `extra` configuration value set on the model:
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        x: int
+        model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
+
+    try:
+        # Override model config and forbid extra fields just this time
+        Model.model_validate({"x": 1, "y": 2}, extra="forbid")
+    except ValidationError as exc:
+        print(exc)
+        """
+        1 validation error for Model
+        y
+          Extra inputs are not permitted [type=extra_forbidden, input_value=2, input_type=int]
+        """
+    ```
+    '''
+
+    frozen: bool
+    """
+    Whether models are faux-immutable, i.e. whether `__setattr__` is allowed, and also generates
+    a `__hash__()` method for the model. This makes instances of the model potentially hashable if all the
+    attributes are hashable. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Note:
+        On V1, the inverse of this setting was called `allow_mutation`, and was `True` by default.
+    """
+
+    populate_by_name: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field may be populated by its name as given by the model
+    attribute, as well as the alias. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    !!! warning
+        `populate_by_name` usage is not recommended in v2.11+ and will be deprecated in v3.
+        Instead, you should use the [`validate_by_name`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.validate_by_name] configuration setting.
+
+        When `validate_by_name=True` and `validate_by_alias=True`, this is strictly equivalent to the
+        previous behavior of `populate_by_name=True`.
+
+        In v2.11, we also introduced a [`validate_by_alias`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.validate_by_alias] setting that introduces more fine grained
+        control for validation behavior.
+
+        Here's how you might go about using the new settings to achieve the same behavior:
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=True)
+
+            my_field: str = Field(alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+        m = Model(my_alias='foo')  # (2)!
+        print(m)
+        #> my_field='foo'
+
+        m = Model(my_field='foo')  # (3)!
+        print(m)
+        #> my_field='foo'
+        ```
+
+        1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+        2. The model is populated by the alias `'my_alias'`.
+        3. The model is populated by the attribute name `'my_field'`.
+    """
+
+    use_enum_values: bool
+    """
+    Whether to populate models with the `value` property of enums, rather than the raw enum.
+    This may be useful if you want to serialize `model.model_dump()` later. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    !!! note
+        If you have an `Optional[Enum]` value that you set a default for, you need to use `validate_default=True`
+        for said Field to ensure that the `use_enum_values` flag takes effect on the default, as extracting an
+        enum's value occurs during validation, not serialization.
+
+    ```python
+    from enum import Enum
+    from typing import Optional
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class SomeEnum(Enum):
+        FOO = 'foo'
+        BAR = 'bar'
+        BAZ = 'baz'
+
+    class SomeModel(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(use_enum_values=True)
+
+        some_enum: SomeEnum
+        another_enum: Optional[SomeEnum] = Field(
+            default=SomeEnum.FOO, validate_default=True
+        )
+
+    model1 = SomeModel(some_enum=SomeEnum.BAR)
+    print(model1.model_dump())
+    #> {'some_enum': 'bar', 'another_enum': 'foo'}
+
+    model2 = SomeModel(some_enum=SomeEnum.BAR, another_enum=SomeEnum.BAZ)
+    print(model2.model_dump())
+    #> {'some_enum': 'bar', 'another_enum': 'baz'}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    validate_assignment: bool
+    """
+    Whether to validate the data when the model is changed. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    The default behavior of Pydantic is to validate the data when the model is created.
+
+    In case the user changes the data after the model is created, the model is _not_ revalidated.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        name: str
+
+    user = User(name='John Doe')  # (1)!
+    print(user)
+    #> name='John Doe'
+    user.name = 123  # (1)!
+    print(user)
+    #> name=123
+    ```
+
+    1. The validation happens only when the model is created.
+    2. The validation does not happen when the data is changed.
+
+    In case you want to revalidate the model when the data is changed, you can use `validate_assignment=True`:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+    class User(BaseModel, validate_assignment=True):  # (1)!
+        name: str
+
+    user = User(name='John Doe')  # (2)!
+    print(user)
+    #> name='John Doe'
+    try:
+        user.name = 123  # (3)!
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for User
+        name
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value=123, input_type=int]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    1. You can either use class keyword arguments, or `model_config` to set `validate_assignment=True`.
+    2. The validation happens when the model is created.
+    3. The validation _also_ happens when the data is changed.
+    """
+
+    arbitrary_types_allowed: bool
+    """
+    Whether arbitrary types are allowed for field types. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    # This is not a pydantic model, it's an arbitrary class
+    class Pet:
+        def __init__(self, name: str):
+            self.name = name
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
+
+        pet: Pet
+        owner: str
+
+    pet = Pet(name='Hedwig')
+    # A simple check of instance type is used to validate the data
+    model = Model(owner='Harry', pet=pet)
+    print(model)
+    #> pet=<__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab> owner='Harry'
+    print(model.pet)
+    #> <__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab>
+    print(model.pet.name)
+    #> Hedwig
+    print(type(model.pet))
+    #> <class '__main__.Pet'>
+    try:
+        # If the value is not an instance of the type, it's invalid
+        Model(owner='Harry', pet='Hedwig')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        pet
+          Input should be an instance of Pet [type=is_instance_of, input_value='Hedwig', input_type=str]
+        '''
+
+    # Nothing in the instance of the arbitrary type is checked
+    # Here name probably should have been a str, but it's not validated
+    pet2 = Pet(name=42)
+    model2 = Model(owner='Harry', pet=pet2)
+    print(model2)
+    #> pet=<__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab> owner='Harry'
+    print(model2.pet)
+    #> <__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab>
+    print(model2.pet.name)
+    #> 42
+    print(type(model2.pet))
+    #> <class '__main__.Pet'>
+    ```
+    """
+
+    from_attributes: bool
+    """
+    Whether to build models and look up discriminators of tagged unions using python object attributes.
+    """
+
+    loc_by_alias: bool
+    """Whether to use the actual key provided in the data (e.g. alias) for error `loc`s rather than the field's name. Defaults to `True`."""
+
+    alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator | None
+    """
+    A callable that takes a field name and returns an alias for it
+    or an instance of [`AliasGenerator`][pydantic.aliases.AliasGenerator]. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    When using a callable, the alias generator is used for both validation and serialization.
+    If you want to use different alias generators for validation and serialization, you can use
+    [`AliasGenerator`][pydantic.aliases.AliasGenerator] instead.
+
+    If data source field names do not match your code style (e.g. CamelCase fields),
+    you can automatically generate aliases using `alias_generator`. Here's an example with
+    a basic callable:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+    from pydantic.alias_generators import to_pascal
+
+    class Voice(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(alias_generator=to_pascal)
+
+        name: str
+        language_code: str
+
+    voice = Voice(Name='Filiz', LanguageCode='tr-TR')
+    print(voice.language_code)
+    #> tr-TR
+    print(voice.model_dump(by_alias=True))
+    #> {'Name': 'Filiz', 'LanguageCode': 'tr-TR'}
+    ```
+
+    If you want to use different alias generators for validation and serialization, you can use
+    [`AliasGenerator`][pydantic.aliases.AliasGenerator].
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import AliasGenerator, BaseModel, ConfigDict
+    from pydantic.alias_generators import to_camel, to_pascal
+
+    class Athlete(BaseModel):
+        first_name: str
+        last_name: str
+        sport: str
+
+        model_config = ConfigDict(
+            alias_generator=AliasGenerator(
+                validation_alias=to_camel,
+                serialization_alias=to_pascal,
+            )
+        )
+
+    athlete = Athlete(firstName='John', lastName='Doe', sport='track')
+    print(athlete.model_dump(by_alias=True))
+    #> {'FirstName': 'John', 'LastName': 'Doe', 'Sport': 'track'}
+    ```
+
+    Note:
+        Pydantic offers three built-in alias generators: [`to_pascal`][pydantic.alias_generators.to_pascal],
+        [`to_camel`][pydantic.alias_generators.to_camel], and [`to_snake`][pydantic.alias_generators.to_snake].
+    """
+
+    ignored_types: tuple[type, ...]
+    """A tuple of types that may occur as values of class attributes without annotations. This is
+    typically used for custom descriptors (classes that behave like `property`). If an attribute is set on a
+    class without an annotation and has a type that is not in this tuple (or otherwise recognized by
+    _pydantic_), an error will be raised. Defaults to `()`.
+    """
+
+    allow_inf_nan: bool
+    """Whether to allow infinity (`+inf` an `-inf`) and NaN values to float and decimal fields. Defaults to `True`."""
+
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None
+    """A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    json_encoders: dict[type[object], JsonEncoder] | None
+    """
+    A `dict` of custom JSON encoders for specific types. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    /// version-deprecated | v2
+    This configuration option is a carryover from v1. We originally planned to remove it in v2 but didn't have a 1:1 replacement
+    so we are keeping it for now. It is still deprecated and will likely be removed in the future.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    # new in V2
+    strict: bool
+    """
+    Whether strict validation is applied to all fields on the model.
+
+    By default, Pydantic attempts to coerce values to the correct type, when possible.
+
+    There are situations in which you may want to disable this behavior, and instead raise an error if a value's type
+    does not match the field's type annotation.
+
+    To configure strict mode for all fields on a model, you can set `strict=True` on the model.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(strict=True)
+
+        name: str
+        age: int
+    ```
+
+    See [Strict Mode](../concepts/strict_mode.md) for more details.
+
+    See the [Conversion Table](../concepts/conversion_table.md) for more details on how Pydantic converts data in both
+    strict and lax modes.
+
+    /// version-added | v2
+    ///
+    """
+    # whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances) should re-validate, default 'never'
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']
+    """
+    When and how to revalidate models and dataclasses during validation. Can be one of:
+
+    - `'never'`: will *not* revalidate models and dataclasses during validation
+    - `'always'`: will revalidate models and dataclasses during validation
+    - `'subclass-instances'`: will revalidate models and dataclasses during validation if the instance is a
+        subclass of the model or dataclass
+
+    The default is `'never'` (no revalidation).
+
+    This configuration only affects *the current model* it is applied on, and does *not* propagate to the models
+    referenced in fields.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    class User(BaseModel, revalidate_instances='never'):  # (1)!
+        name: str
+
+    class Transaction(BaseModel):
+        user: User
+
+    my_user = User(name='John')
+    t = Transaction(user=my_user)
+
+    my_user.name = 1  # (2)!
+    t = Transaction(user=my_user)  # (3)!
+    print(t)
+    #> user=User(name=1)
+    ```
+
+    1. This is the default behavior.
+    2. The assignment is *not* validated, unless you set [`validate_assignment`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_assignment] in the configuration.
+    3. Since `revalidate_instances` is set to `'never'`, the user instance is not revalidated.
+
+    Here is an example demonstrating the behavior of `'subclass-instances'`:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    class User(BaseModel, revalidate_instances='subclass-instances'):
+        name: str
+
+    class SubUser(User):
+        age: int
+
+    class Transaction(BaseModel):
+        user: User
+
+    my_user = User(name='John')
+    my_user.name = 1  # (1)!
+    t = Transaction(user=my_user)  # (2)!
+    print(t)
+    #> user=User(name=1)
+
+    my_sub_user = SubUser(name='John', age=20)
+    t = Transaction(user=my_sub_user)
+    print(t)  # (3)!
+    #> user=User(name='John')
+    ```
+
+    1. The assignment is *not* validated, unless you set [`validate_assignment`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_assignment] in the configuration.
+    2. Because `my_user` is a "direct" instance of `User`, it is *not* being revalidated. It would have been the case if
+      `revalidate_instances` was set to `'always'`.
+    3. Because `my_sub_user` is an instance of a `User` subclass, it is being revalidated. In this case, Pydantic coerces `my_sub_user` to the defined
+       `User` class defined on `Transaction`. If one of its fields had an invalid value, a validation error would have been raised.
+
+    /// version-added | v2
+    ///
+    """
+
+    ser_json_timedelta: Literal['iso8601', 'float']
+    """
+    The format of JSON serialized timedeltas. Accepts the string values of `'iso8601'` and
+    `'float'`. Defaults to `'iso8601'`.
+
+    - `'iso8601'` will serialize timedeltas to [ISO 8601 text format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations).
+    - `'float'` will serialize timedeltas to the total number of seconds.
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.12
+    It is now recommended to use the [`ser_json_temporal`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.ser_json_temporal]
+    setting. `ser_json_timedelta` will be deprecated in v3.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    ser_json_temporal: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds']
+    """
+    The format of JSON serialized temporal types from the [`datetime`][] module. This includes:
+
+    - [`datetime.datetime`][]
+    - [`datetime.date`][]
+    - [`datetime.time`][]
+    - [`datetime.timedelta`][]
+
+    Can be one of:
+
+    - `'iso8601'` will serialize date-like types to [ISO 8601 text format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations).
+    - `'milliseconds'` will serialize date-like types to a floating point number of milliseconds since the epoch.
+    - `'seconds'` will serialize date-like types to a floating point number of seconds since the epoch.
+
+    Defaults to `'iso8601'`.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.12
+    This setting replaces [`ser_json_timedelta`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.ser_json_timedelta],
+    which will be deprecated in v3. `ser_json_temporal` adds more configurability for the other temporal types.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    val_temporal_unit: Literal['seconds', 'milliseconds', 'infer']
+    """
+    The unit to assume for validating numeric input for datetime-like types ([`datetime.datetime`][] and [`datetime.date`][]). Can be one of:
+
+    - `'seconds'` will validate date or time numeric inputs as seconds since the [epoch].
+    - `'milliseconds'` will validate date or time numeric inputs as milliseconds since the [epoch].
+    - `'infer'` will infer the unit from the string numeric input on unix time as:
+
+        * seconds since the [epoch] if $-2^{10} <= v <= 2^{10}$
+        * milliseconds since the [epoch] (if $v < -2^{10}$ or $v > 2^{10}$).
+
+    Defaults to `'infer'`.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.12
+    ///
+
+    [epoch]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time
+    """
+
+    ser_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    """
+    The encoding of JSON serialized bytes. Defaults to `'utf8'`.
+    Set equal to `val_json_bytes` to get back an equal value after serialization round trip.
+
+    - `'utf8'` will serialize bytes to UTF-8 strings.
+    - `'base64'` will serialize bytes to URL safe base64 strings.
+    - `'hex'` will serialize bytes to hexadecimal strings.
+    """
+
+    val_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    """
+    /// version-added | v2.9
+    ///
+
+    The encoding of JSON serialized bytes to decode. Defaults to `'utf8'`.
+    Set equal to `ser_json_bytes` to get back an equal value after serialization round trip.
+
+    - `'utf8'` will deserialize UTF-8 strings to bytes.
+    - `'base64'` will deserialize URL safe base64 strings to bytes.
+    - `'hex'` will deserialize hexadecimal strings to bytes.
+    """
+
+    ser_json_inf_nan: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings']
+    """
+    The encoding of JSON serialized infinity and NaN float values. Defaults to `'null'`.
+
+    - `'null'` will serialize infinity and NaN values as `null`.
+    - `'constants'` will serialize infinity and NaN values as `Infinity` and `NaN`.
+    - `'strings'` will serialize infinity as string `"Infinity"` and NaN as string `"NaN"`.
+    """
+
+    # whether to validate default values during validation, default False
+    validate_default: bool
+    """Whether to validate default values during validation. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    validate_return: bool
+    """Whether to validate the return value from call validators. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    protected_namespaces: tuple[str | Pattern[str], ...]
+    """
+    A tuple of strings and/or regex patterns that prevent models from having fields with names that conflict with its existing members/methods.
+
+    Strings are matched on a prefix basis. For instance, with `'dog'`, having a field named `'dog_name'` will be disallowed.
+
+    Regex patterns are matched on the entire field name. For instance, with the pattern `'^dog$'`, having a field named `'dog'` will be disallowed,
+    but `'dog_name'` will be accepted.
+
+    Defaults to `('model_validate', 'model_dump')`. This default is used to prevent collisions with the existing (and possibly future)
+    [validation](../concepts/models.md#validating-data) and [serialization](../concepts/serialization.md#serializing-data) methods.
+
+    ```python
+    import warnings
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    warnings.filterwarnings('error')  # Raise warnings as errors
+
+    try:
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            model_dump_something: str
+
+    except UserWarning as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        Field 'model_dump_something' in 'Model' conflicts with protected namespace 'model_dump'.
+
+        You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to ('model_validate',).
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    You can customize this behavior using the `protected_namespaces` setting:
+
+    ```python {test="skip"}
+    import re
+    import warnings
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught_warnings:
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')  # Catch all warnings
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            safe_field: str
+            also_protect_field: str
+            protect_this: str
+
+            model_config = ConfigDict(
+                protected_namespaces=(
+                    'protect_me_',
+                    'also_protect_',
+                    re.compile('^protect_this$'),
+                )
+            )
+
+    for warning in caught_warnings:
+        print(f'{warning.message}')
+        '''
+        Field 'also_protect_field' in 'Model' conflicts with protected namespace 'also_protect_'.
+        You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to ('protect_me_', re.compile('^protect_this$'))`.
+
+        Field 'protect_this' in 'Model' conflicts with protected namespace 're.compile('^protect_this$')'.
+        You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to ('protect_me_', 'also_protect_')`.
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    While Pydantic will only emit a warning when an item is in a protected namespace but does not actually have a collision,
+    an error _is_ raised if there is an actual collision with an existing attribute:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    try:
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            model_validate: str
+
+            model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=('model_',))
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        Field 'model_validate' conflicts with member <bound method BaseModel.model_validate of <class 'pydantic.main.BaseModel'>> of protected namespace 'model_'.
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.10
+    The default protected namespaces was changed from `('model_',)` to `('model_validate', 'model_dump')`, to allow
+    for fields like `model_id`, `model_name` to be used.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    hide_input_in_errors: bool
+    """
+    Whether to hide inputs when printing errors. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Pydantic shows the input value and type when it raises `ValidationError` during the validation.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+
+    try:
+        Model(a=123)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        a
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value=123, input_type=int]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    You can hide the input value and type by setting the `hide_input_in_errors` config to `True`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+        model_config = ConfigDict(hide_input_in_errors=True)
+
+    try:
+        Model(a=123)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        a
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    defer_build: bool
+    """
+    Whether to defer model validator and serializer construction until the first model validation. Defaults to False.
+
+    This can be useful to avoid the overhead of building models which are only
+    used nested within other models, or when you want to manually define type namespace via
+    [`Model.model_rebuild(_types_namespace=...)`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_rebuild].
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.10
+    The setting also applies to [Pydantic dataclasses](../concepts/dataclasses.md) and [type adapters](../concepts/type_adapter.md).
+    ///
+    """
+
+    plugin_settings: dict[str, object] | None
+    """A `dict` of settings for plugins. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    schema_generator: type[_GenerateSchema] | None
+    """
+    The `GenerateSchema` class to use during core schema generation.
+
+    /// version-deprecated | v2.10
+    The `GenerateSchema` class is private and highly subject to change.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    json_schema_serialization_defaults_required: bool
+    """
+    Whether fields with default values should be marked as required in the serialization schema. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    This ensures that the serialization schema will reflect the fact a field with a default will always be present
+    when serializing the model, even though it is not required for validation.
+
+    However, there are scenarios where this may be undesirable — in particular, if you want to share the schema
+    between validation and serialization, and don't mind fields with defaults being marked as not required during
+    serialization. See [#7209](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/7209) for more details.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str = 'a'
+
+        model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_serialization_defaults_required=True)
+
+    print(Model.model_json_schema(mode='validation'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {'a': {'default': 'a', 'title': 'A', 'type': 'string'}},
+        'title': 'Model',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+    print(Model.model_json_schema(mode='serialization'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {'a': {'default': 'a', 'title': 'A', 'type': 'string'}},
+        'required': ['a'],
+        'title': 'Model',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.4
+    ///
+    """
+
+    json_schema_mode_override: Literal['validation', 'serialization', None]
+    """
+    If not `None`, the specified mode will be used to generate the JSON schema regardless of what `mode` was passed to
+    the function call. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    This provides a way to force the JSON schema generation to reflect a specific mode, e.g., to always use the
+    validation schema.
+
+    It can be useful when using frameworks (such as FastAPI) that may generate different schemas for validation
+    and serialization that must both be referenced from the same schema; when this happens, we automatically append
+    `-Input` to the definition reference for the validation schema and `-Output` to the definition reference for the
+    serialization schema. By specifying a `json_schema_mode_override` though, this prevents the conflict between
+    the validation and serialization schemas (since both will use the specified schema), and so prevents the suffixes
+    from being added to the definition references.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Json
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: Json[int]  # requires a string to validate, but will dump an int
+
+    print(Model.model_json_schema(mode='serialization'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {'a': {'title': 'A', 'type': 'integer'}},
+        'required': ['a'],
+        'title': 'Model',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+
+    class ForceInputModel(Model):
+        # the following ensures that even with mode='serialization', we
+        # will get the schema that would be generated for validation.
+        model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_mode_override='validation')
+
+    print(ForceInputModel.model_json_schema(mode='serialization'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {
+            'a': {
+                'contentMediaType': 'application/json',
+                'contentSchema': {'type': 'integer'},
+                'title': 'A',
+                'type': 'string',
+            }
+        },
+        'required': ['a'],
+        'title': 'ForceInputModel',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.4
+    ///
+    """
+
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool
+    """
+    If `True`, enables automatic coercion of any `Number` type to `str` in "lax" (non-strict) mode. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Pydantic doesn't allow number types (`int`, `float`, `Decimal`) to be coerced as type `str` by default.
+
+    ```python
+    from decimal import Decimal
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        value: str
+
+    try:
+        print(Model(value=42))
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        value
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value=42, input_type=int]
+        '''
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(coerce_numbers_to_str=True)
+
+        value: str
+
+    repr(Model(value=42).value)
+    #> "42"
+    repr(Model(value=42.13).value)
+    #> "42.13"
+    repr(Model(value=Decimal('42.13')).value)
+    #> "42.13"
+    ```
+    """
+
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']
+    """
+    The regex engine to be used for pattern validation.
+    Defaults to `'rust-regex'`.
+
+    - `'rust-regex'` uses the [`regex`](https://docs.rs/regex) Rust crate,
+      which is non-backtracking and therefore more DDoS resistant, but does not support all regex features.
+    - `'python-re'` use the [`re`][] module, which supports all regex features, but may be slower.
+
+    !!! note
+        If you use a compiled regex pattern, the `'python-re'` engine will be used regardless of this setting.
+        This is so that flags such as [`re.IGNORECASE`][] are respected.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(regex_engine='python-re')
+
+        value: str = Field(pattern=r'^abc(?=def)')
+
+    print(Model(value='abcdef').value)
+    #> abcdef
+
+    try:
+        print(Model(value='abxyzcdef'))
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        value
+          String should match pattern '^abc(?=def)' [type=string_pattern_mismatch, input_value='abxyzcdef', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.5
+    ///
+    """
+
+    validation_error_cause: bool
+    """
+    If `True`, Python exceptions that were part of a validation failure will be shown as an exception group as a cause. Can be useful for debugging. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Note:
+        Python 3.10 and older don't support exception groups natively. <=3.10, backport must be installed: `pip install exceptiongroup`.
+
+    Note:
+        The structure of validation errors are likely to change in future Pydantic versions. Pydantic offers no guarantees about their structure. Should be used for visual traceback debugging only.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.5
+    ///
+    """
+
+    use_attribute_docstrings: bool
+    '''
+    Whether docstrings of attributes (bare string literals immediately following the attribute declaration)
+    should be used for field descriptions. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(use_attribute_docstrings=True)
+
+        x: str
+        """
+        Example of an attribute docstring
+        """
+
+        y: int = Field(description="Description in Field")
+        """
+        Description in Field overrides attribute docstring
+        """
+
+
+    print(Model.model_fields["x"].description)
+    # > Example of an attribute docstring
+    print(Model.model_fields["y"].description)
+    # > Description in Field
+    ```
+    This requires the source code of the class to be available at runtime (and so won't work in the interactive interpreter shell).
+
+    !!! warning "Usage with `TypedDict` and stdlib dataclasses"
+        Due to current limitations, attribute docstrings detection may not work as expected when using
+        [`TypedDict`][typing.TypedDict] and stdlib dataclasses, in particular when:
+
+        - inheritance is being used.
+        - multiple classes have the same name in the same source file (unless Python 3.13 or greater is used).
+
+    /// version-added | v2.7
+    ///
+    '''
+
+    cache_strings: bool | Literal['all', 'keys', 'none']
+    """
+    Whether to cache strings to avoid constructing new Python objects. Defaults to True.
+
+    Enabling this setting should significantly improve validation performance while increasing memory usage slightly.
+
+    - `True` or `'all'` (the default): cache all strings
+    - `'keys'`: cache only dictionary keys
+    - `False` or `'none'`: no caching
+
+    !!! note
+        `True` or `'all'` is required to cache strings during general validation because
+        validators don't know if they're in a key or a value.
+
+    !!! tip
+        If repeated strings are rare, it's recommended to use `'keys'` or `'none'` to reduce memory usage,
+        as the performance difference is minimal if repeated strings are rare.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.7
+    ///
+    """
+
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field may be populated by its alias. Defaults to `True`.
+
+    Here's an example of disabling validation by alias:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=False)
+
+        my_field: str = Field(validation_alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+    m = Model(my_field='foo')  # (2)!
+    print(m)
+    #> my_field='foo'
+    ```
+
+    1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+    2. The model can only be populated by the attribute name `'my_field'`.
+
+    !!! warning
+        You cannot set both `validate_by_alias` and `validate_by_name` to `False`.
+        This would make it impossible to populate an attribute.
+
+        See [usage errors](../errors/usage_errors.md#validate-by-alias-and-name-false) for an example.
+
+        If you set `validate_by_alias` to `False`, under the hood, Pydantic dynamically sets
+        `validate_by_name` to `True` to ensure that validation can still occur.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.11
+    This setting was introduced in conjunction with [`validate_by_name`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_by_name]
+    to empower users with more fine grained validation control.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field may be populated by its name as given by the model
+    attribute. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=True)
+
+        my_field: str = Field(validation_alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+    m = Model(my_alias='foo')  # (2)!
+    print(m)
+    #> my_field='foo'
+
+    m = Model(my_field='foo')  # (3)!
+    print(m)
+    #> my_field='foo'
+    ```
+
+    1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+    2. The model is populated by the alias `'my_alias'`.
+    3. The model is populated by the attribute name `'my_field'`.
+
+    !!! warning
+        You cannot set both `validate_by_alias` and `validate_by_name` to `False`.
+        This would make it impossible to populate an attribute.
+
+        See [usage errors](../errors/usage_errors.md#validate-by-alias-and-name-false) for an example.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.11
+    This setting was introduced in conjunction with [`validate_by_alias`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_by_alias]
+    to empower users with more fine grained validation control. It is an alternative to [`populate_by_name`][pydantic.ConfigDict.populate_by_name],
+    that enables validation by name **and** by alias.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    serialize_by_alias: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field should be serialized by its alias. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Note: In v2.11, `serialize_by_alias` was introduced to address the
+    [popular request](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8379)
+    for consistency with alias behavior for validation and serialization settings.
+    In v3, the default value is expected to change to `True` for consistency with the validation default.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(serialize_by_alias=True)
+
+        my_field: str = Field(serialization_alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+    m = Model(my_field='foo')
+    print(m.model_dump())  # (2)!
+    #> {'my_alias': 'foo'}
+    ```
+
+    1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+    2. The model is serialized using the alias `'my_alias'` for the `'my_field'` attribute.
+
+
+    /// version-added | v2.11
+    This setting was introduced to address the [popular request](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8379)
+    for consistency with alias behavior for validation and serialization.
+
+    In v3, the default value is expected to change to `True` for consistency with the validation default.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    url_preserve_empty_path: bool
+    """
+    Whether to preserve empty URL paths when validating values for a URL type. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(url_preserve_empty_path=True)
+
+        url: AnyUrl
+
+    m = Model(url='http://example.com')
+    print(m.url)
+    #> http://example.com
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.12
+    ///
+    """
+
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool
+    """
+    Whether to use polymorphic serialization for subclasses of the model or Pydantic dataclass. Defaults to `False`.
+    """
+
+
+_TypeT = TypeVar('_TypeT', bound=type)
+
+
+@overload
+@deprecated('Passing `config` as a keyword argument is deprecated. Pass `config` as a positional argument instead.')
+def with_config(*, config: ConfigDict) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def with_config(config: ConfigDict, /) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def with_config(**config: Unpack[ConfigDict]) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]: ...
+
+
+def with_config(config: ConfigDict | None = None, /, **kwargs: Any) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Configuration with other types](../concepts/config.md#configuration-on-other-supported-types)
+
+    A convenience decorator to set a [Pydantic configuration](config.md) on a `TypedDict` or a `dataclass` from the standard library.
+
+    Although the configuration can be set using the `__pydantic_config__` attribute, it does not play well with type checkers,
+    especially with `TypedDict`.
+
+    !!! example "Usage"
+
+        ```python
+        from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+        from pydantic import ConfigDict, TypeAdapter, with_config
+
+        @with_config(ConfigDict(str_to_lower=True))
+        class TD(TypedDict):
+            x: str
+
+        ta = TypeAdapter(TD)
+
+        print(ta.validate_python({'x': 'ABC'}))
+        #> {'x': 'abc'}
+        ```
+
+    /// deprecated-removed | v2.11 v3
+    Passing `config` as a keyword argument.
+    ///
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.11
+    Keyword arguments can be provided directly instead of a config dictionary.
+    ///
+    """
+    if config is not None and kwargs:
+        raise ValueError('Cannot specify both `config` and keyword arguments')
+
+    if len(kwargs) == 1 and (kwargs_conf := kwargs.get('config')) is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Passing `config` as a keyword argument is deprecated. Pass `config` as a positional argument instead',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        final_config = cast(ConfigDict, kwargs_conf)
+    else:
+        final_config = config if config is not None else cast(ConfigDict, kwargs)
+
+    def inner(class_: _TypeT, /) -> _TypeT:
+        # Ideally, we would check for `class_` to either be a `TypedDict` or a stdlib dataclass.
+        # However, the `@with_config` decorator can be applied *after* `@dataclass`. To avoid
+        # common mistakes, we at least check for `class_` to not be a Pydantic model.
+        from ._internal._utils import is_model_class
+
+        if is_model_class(class_):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Cannot use `with_config` on {class_.__name__} as it is a Pydantic model',
+                code='with-config-on-model',
+            )
+        class_.__pydantic_config__ = final_config
+        return class_
+
+    return inner
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/dataclasses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/dataclasses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46401c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/dataclasses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+"""Provide an enhanced dataclass that performs validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import functools
+import sys
+import types
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, NoReturn, TypeVar, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeGuard, dataclass_transform
+
+from ._internal import _config, _decorators, _mock_val_ser, _namespace_utils, _typing_extra
+from ._internal import _dataclasses as _pydantic_dataclasses
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .config import ConfigDict
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .fields import Field, FieldInfo, PrivateAttr
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from ._internal._namespace_utils import MappingNamespace
+
+__all__ = 'dataclass', 'rebuild_dataclass'
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+        slots: bool = ...,
+    ) -> Callable[[type[_T]], type[PydanticDataclass]]:  # type: ignore
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: type[_T],  # type: ignore
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+        slots: bool = ...,
+    ) -> type[PydanticDataclass]: ...
+
+else:
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[type[_T]], type[PydanticDataclass]]:  # type: ignore
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: type[_T],  # type: ignore
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> type[PydanticDataclass]: ...
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+def dataclass(
+    _cls: type[_T] | None = None,
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    eq: bool = True,
+    order: bool = False,
+    unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+    validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+    kw_only: bool = False,
+    slots: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[type[_T]], type[PydanticDataclass]] | type[PydanticDataclass]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`dataclasses`](../concepts/dataclasses.md)
+
+    A decorator used to create a Pydantic-enhanced dataclass, similar to the standard Python `dataclass`,
+    but with added validation.
+
+    This function should be used similarly to `dataclasses.dataclass`.
+
+    Args:
+        _cls: The target `dataclass`.
+        init: Included for signature compatibility with `dataclasses.dataclass`, and is passed through to
+            `dataclasses.dataclass` when appropriate. If specified, must be set to `False`, as pydantic inserts its
+            own  `__init__` function.
+        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the `__repr__` output.
+        eq: Determines if a `__eq__` method should be generated for the class.
+        order: Determines if comparison magic methods should be generated, such as `__lt__`, but not `__eq__`.
+        unsafe_hash: Determines if a `__hash__` method should be included in the class, as in `dataclasses.dataclass`.
+        frozen: Determines if the generated class should be a 'frozen' `dataclass`, which does not allow its
+            attributes to be modified after it has been initialized. If not set, the value from the provided `config` argument will be used (and will default to `False` otherwise).
+        config: The Pydantic config to use for the `dataclass`.
+        validate_on_init: A deprecated parameter included for backwards compatibility; in V2, all Pydantic dataclasses
+            are validated on init.
+        kw_only: Determines if `__init__` method parameters must be specified by keyword only. Defaults to `False`.
+        slots: Determines if the generated class should be a 'slots' `dataclass`, which does not allow the addition of
+            new attributes after instantiation.
+
+    Returns:
+        A decorator that accepts a class as its argument and returns a Pydantic `dataclass`.
+
+    Raises:
+        AssertionError: Raised if `init` is not `False` or `validate_on_init` is `False`.
+    """
+    assert init is False, 'pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass only supports init=False'
+    assert validate_on_init is not False, 'validate_on_init=False is no longer supported'
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        kwargs = {'kw_only': kw_only, 'slots': slots}
+    else:
+        kwargs = {}
+
+    def create_dataclass(cls: type[Any]) -> type[PydanticDataclass]:
+        """Create a Pydantic dataclass from a regular dataclass.
+
+        Args:
+            cls: The class to create the Pydantic dataclass from.
+
+        Returns:
+            A Pydantic dataclass.
+        """
+        from ._internal._utils import is_model_class
+
+        if is_model_class(cls):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Cannot create a Pydantic dataclass from {cls.__name__} as it is already a Pydantic model',
+                code='dataclass-on-model',
+            )
+
+        original_cls = cls
+
+        # we warn on conflicting config specifications, but only if the class doesn't have a dataclass base
+        # because a dataclass base might provide a __pydantic_config__ attribute that we don't want to warn about
+        has_dataclass_base = any(dataclasses.is_dataclass(base) for base in cls.__bases__)
+        if not has_dataclass_base and config is not None and hasattr(cls, '__pydantic_config__'):
+            warn(
+                f'`config` is set via both the `dataclass` decorator and `__pydantic_config__` for dataclass {cls.__name__}. '
+                f'The `config` specification from `dataclass` decorator will take priority.',
+                category=UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        # if config is not explicitly provided, try to read it from the type
+        config_dict = config if config is not None else getattr(cls, '__pydantic_config__', None)
+        config_wrapper = _config.ConfigWrapper(config_dict)
+        decorators = _decorators.DecoratorInfos.build(cls, replace_wrapped_methods=True)
+        decorators.update_from_config(config_wrapper)
+
+        # Keep track of the original __doc__ so that we can restore it after applying the dataclasses decorator
+        # Otherwise, classes with no __doc__ will have their signature added into the JSON schema description,
+        # since dataclasses.dataclass will set this as the __doc__
+        original_doc = cls.__doc__
+
+        if _pydantic_dataclasses.is_stdlib_dataclass(cls):
+            # Vanilla dataclasses include a default docstring (representing the class signature),
+            # which we don't want to preserve.
+            original_doc = None
+
+            # We don't want to add validation to the existing std lib dataclass, so we will subclass it
+            #   If the class is generic, we need to make sure the subclass also inherits from Generic
+            #   with all the same parameters.
+            bases = (cls,)
+            if issubclass(cls, Generic):
+                generic_base = Generic[cls.__parameters__]  # type: ignore
+                bases = bases + (generic_base,)
+            cls = types.new_class(cls.__name__, bases)
+
+        # Respect frozen setting from dataclass constructor and fallback to config setting if not provided
+        if frozen is not None:
+            frozen_ = frozen
+            if config_wrapper.frozen:
+                # It's not recommended to define both, as the setting from the dataclass decorator will take priority.
+                warn(
+                    f'`frozen` is set via both the `dataclass` decorator and `config` for dataclass {cls.__name__!r}.'
+                    'This is not recommended. The `frozen` specification on `dataclass` will take priority.',
+                    category=UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+        else:
+            frozen_ = config_wrapper.frozen or False
+
+        # Make Pydantic's `Field()` function compatible with stdlib dataclasses. As we'll decorate
+        # `cls` with the stdlib `@dataclass` decorator first, there are two attributes, `kw_only` and
+        # `repr` that need to be understood *during* the stdlib creation. We do so in two steps:
+
+        # 1. On the decorated class, wrap `Field()` assignment with `dataclass.field()`, with the
+        # two attributes set (done in `as_dataclass_field()`)
+        cls_anns = _typing_extra.safe_get_annotations(cls)
+        for field_name in cls_anns:
+            # We should look for assignments in `__dict__` instead, but for now we follow
+            # the same behavior as stdlib dataclasses (see https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/88609)
+            field_value = getattr(cls, field_name, None)
+            if isinstance(field_value, FieldInfo):
+                setattr(cls, field_name, _pydantic_dataclasses.as_dataclass_field(field_value))
+
+        # 2. For bases of `cls` that are stdlib dataclasses, we temporarily patch their fields
+        # (see the docstring of the context manager):
+        with _pydantic_dataclasses.patch_base_fields(cls):
+            cls = dataclasses.dataclass(  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+                cls,
+                # the value of init here doesn't affect anything except that it makes it easier to generate a signature
+                init=True,
+                repr=repr,
+                eq=eq,
+                order=order,
+                unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash,
+                frozen=frozen_,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        if config_wrapper.validate_assignment:
+            original_setattr = cls.__setattr__
+
+            @functools.wraps(cls.__setattr__)
+            def validated_setattr(instance: PydanticDataclass, name: str, value: Any, /) -> None:
+                if frozen_:
+                    return original_setattr(instance, name, value)  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+                inst_cls = type(instance)
+                attr = getattr(inst_cls, name, None)
+
+                if isinstance(attr, property):
+                    attr.__set__(instance, value)
+                elif isinstance(attr, functools.cached_property):
+                    instance.__dict__.__setitem__(name, value)
+                else:
+                    inst_cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_assignment(instance, name, value)
+
+            cls.__setattr__ = validated_setattr.__get__(None, cls)  # type: ignore
+
+            if slots and not hasattr(cls, '__setstate__'):
+                # If slots is set, `pickle` (relied on by `copy.copy()`) will use
+                # `__setattr__()` to reconstruct the dataclass. However, the custom
+                # `__setattr__()` set above relies on `validate_assignment()`, which
+                # in turn expects all the field values to be already present on the
+                # instance, resulting in attribute errors.
+                # As such, we make use of `object.__setattr__()` instead.
+                # Note that we do so only if `__setstate__()` isn't already set (this is the
+                # case if on top of `slots`, `frozen` is used).
+
+                # Taken from `dataclasses._dataclass_get/setstate()`:
+                def _dataclass_getstate(self: Any) -> list[Any]:
+                    return [getattr(self, f.name) for f in dataclasses.fields(self)]
+
+                def _dataclass_setstate(self: Any, state: list[Any]) -> None:
+                    for field, value in zip(dataclasses.fields(self), state):
+                        object.__setattr__(self, field.name, value)
+
+                cls.__getstate__ = _dataclass_getstate  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                cls.__setstate__ = _dataclass_setstate  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+        # This is an undocumented attribute to distinguish stdlib/Pydantic dataclasses.
+        # It should be set as early as possible:
+        cls.__is_pydantic_dataclass__ = True
+        cls.__pydantic_decorators__ = decorators  # type: ignore
+        cls.__doc__ = original_doc
+        # Can be non-existent for dynamically created classes:
+        firstlineno = getattr(original_cls, '__firstlineno__', None)
+        cls.__module__ = original_cls.__module__
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 13) and firstlineno is not None:
+            # As per https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#type.__firstlineno__:
+            # Setting the `__module__` attribute removes the `__firstlineno__` item from the type’s dictionary.
+            original_cls.__firstlineno__ = firstlineno
+            cls.__firstlineno__ = firstlineno
+        cls.__qualname__ = original_cls.__qualname__
+        cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__ = classmethod(_pydantic_fields_complete)
+        cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False  # `complete_dataclass` will set it to `True` if successful.
+        # TODO `parent_namespace` is currently None, but we could do the same thing as Pydantic models:
+        # fetch the parent ns using `parent_frame_namespace` (if the dataclass was defined in a function),
+        # and possibly cache it (see the `__pydantic_parent_namespace__` logic for models).
+        _pydantic_dataclasses.complete_dataclass(cls, config_wrapper, raise_errors=False)
+        return cls
+
+    return create_dataclass if _cls is None else create_dataclass(_cls)
+
+
+def _pydantic_fields_complete(cls: type[PydanticDataclass]) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the fields were successfully collected (i.e. type hints were successfully resolved).
+
+    This is a private helper, not meant to be used outside Pydantic.
+    """
+    return all(field_info._complete for field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.values())
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    # Monkeypatch dataclasses.InitVar so that typing doesn't error if it occurs as a type when evaluating type hints
+    # Starting in 3.11, typing.get_type_hints will not raise an error if the retrieved type hints are not callable.
+
+    def _call_initvar(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> NoReturn:
+        """This function does nothing but raise an error that is as similar as possible to what you'd get
+        if you were to try calling `InitVar[int]()` without this monkeypatch. The whole purpose is just
+        to ensure typing._type_check does not error if the type hint evaluates to `InitVar[<parameter>]`.
+        """
+        raise TypeError("'InitVar' object is not callable")
+
+    dataclasses.InitVar.__call__ = _call_initvar
+
+
+def rebuild_dataclass(
+    cls: type[PydanticDataclass],
+    *,
+    force: bool = False,
+    raise_errors: bool = True,
+    _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
+    _types_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> bool | None:
+    """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the dataclass.
+
+    This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
+    the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.
+
+    This is analogous to `BaseModel.model_rebuild`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for.
+        force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the schema, defaults to `False`.
+        raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+        _parent_namespace_depth: The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.
+        _types_namespace: The types namespace, defaults to `None`.
+
+    Returns:
+        Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
+        If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
+    """
+    if not force and cls.__pydantic_complete__:
+        return None
+
+    for attr in ('__pydantic_core_schema__', '__pydantic_validator__', '__pydantic_serializer__'):
+        if attr in cls.__dict__ and not isinstance(getattr(cls, attr), _mock_val_ser.MockValSer):
+            # Deleting the validator/serializer is necessary as otherwise they can get reused in
+            # pydantic-core. Same applies for the core schema that can be reused in schema generation.
+            delattr(cls, attr)
+
+    cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False
+
+    if _types_namespace is not None:
+        rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
+    elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
+        rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
+    else:
+        rebuild_ns = {}
+
+    ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+        parent_namespace=rebuild_ns,
+    )
+
+    return _pydantic_dataclasses.complete_dataclass(
+        cls,
+        _config.ConfigWrapper(cls.__pydantic_config__, check=False),
+        raise_errors=raise_errors,
+        ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
+        # We could provide a different config instead (with `'defer_build'` set to `True`)
+        # of this explicit `_force_build` argument, but because config can come from the
+        # decorator parameter or the `__pydantic_config__` attribute, `complete_dataclass`
+        # will overwrite `__pydantic_config__` with the provided config above:
+        _force_build=True,
+    )
+
+
+def is_pydantic_dataclass(class_: type[Any], /) -> TypeGuard[type[PydanticDataclass]]:
+    """Whether a class is a pydantic dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        class_: The class.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the class is a pydantic dataclass, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        return '__is_pydantic_dataclass__' in class_.__dict__ and dataclasses.is_dataclass(class_)
+    except AttributeError:
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/datetime_parse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/datetime_parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53d5264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/datetime_parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `datetime_parse` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/decorator.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d97560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `decorator` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/class_validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/class_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6ba195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/class_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+"""Old `@validator` and `@root_validator` function validators from V1."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from functools import partial, partialmethod
+from types import FunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAlias, deprecated
+
+from .._internal import _decorators, _decorators_v1
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+_ALLOW_REUSE_WARNING_MESSAGE = '`allow_reuse` is deprecated and will be ignored; it should no longer be necessary'
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, __value: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithValuesClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, __value: Any, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnlyClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, __value: Any, *, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithKwargsClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargsClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, values: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1RootValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(
+            self, __cls: Any, __values: _decorators_v1.RootValidatorValues
+        ) -> _decorators_v1.RootValidatorValues: ...
+
+    V1Validator = Union[
+        _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithValuesClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnlyClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithKwargsClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargsClsMethod,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithValues,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnly,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithKwargs,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargs,
+    ]
+
+    V1RootValidator = Union[
+        _V1RootValidatorClsMethod,
+        _decorators_v1.V1RootValidatorFunction,
+    ]
+
+    _PartialClsOrStaticMethod: TypeAlias = Union[classmethod[Any, Any, Any], staticmethod[Any, Any], partialmethod[Any]]
+
+    # Allow both a V1 (assumed pre=False) or V2 (assumed mode='after') validator
+    # We lie to type checkers and say we return the same thing we get
+    # but in reality we return a proxy object that _mostly_ behaves like the wrapped thing
+    _V1ValidatorType = TypeVar('_V1ValidatorType', V1Validator, _PartialClsOrStaticMethod)
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType = TypeVar(
+        '_V1RootValidatorFunctionType',
+        _decorators_v1.V1RootValidatorFunction,
+        _V1RootValidatorClsMethod,
+        _PartialClsOrStaticMethod,
+    )
+else:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'Pydantic V1 style `@validator` validators are deprecated.'
+    ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@field_validator` validators,'
+    ' see the migration guide for more details',
+    category=None,
+)
+def validator(
+    __field: str,
+    *fields: str,
+    pre: bool = False,
+    each_item: bool = False,
+    always: bool = False,
+    check_fields: bool | None = None,
+    allow_reuse: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[_V1ValidatorType], _V1ValidatorType]:
+    """Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields.
+
+    Args:
+        __field (str): The first field the validator should be called on; this is separate
+            from `fields` to ensure an error is raised if you don't pass at least one.
+        *fields (str): Additional field(s) the validator should be called on.
+        pre (bool, optional): Whether this validator should be called before the standard
+            validators (else after). Defaults to False.
+        each_item (bool, optional): For complex objects (sets, lists etc.) whether to validate
+            individual elements rather than the whole object. Defaults to False.
+        always (bool, optional): Whether this method and other validators should be called even if
+            the value is missing. Defaults to False.
+        check_fields (bool | None, optional): Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+            Defaults to None.
+        allow_reuse (bool, optional): Whether to track and raise an error if another validator refers to
+            the decorated function. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        Callable: A decorator that can be used to decorate a
+            function to be used as a validator.
+    """
+    warn(
+        'Pydantic V1 style `@validator` validators are deprecated.'
+        ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@field_validator` validators,'
+        ' see the migration guide for more details',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+    if allow_reuse is True:  # pragma: no cover
+        warn(_ALLOW_REUSE_WARNING_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    fields = __field, *fields
+    if isinstance(fields[0], FunctionType):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            '`@validator` should be used with fields and keyword arguments, not bare. '
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name>', ...)`",
+            code='decorator-missing-arguments',
+        )
+    elif not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            '`@validator` fields should be passed as separate string args. '
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...)`",
+            code='decorator-invalid-fields',
+        )
+
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after'] = 'before' if pre is True else 'after'
+
+    def dec(f: Any) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                '`@validator` cannot be applied to instance methods', code='validator-instance-method'
+            )
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
+        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+        wrap = _decorators_v1.make_generic_v1_field_validator
+        validator_wrapper_info = _decorators.ValidatorDecoratorInfo(
+            fields=fields,
+            mode=mode,
+            each_item=each_item,
+            always=always,
+            check_fields=check_fields,
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, validator_wrapper_info, shim=wrap)
+
+    return dec  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *,
+    # if you don't specify `pre` the default is `pre=False`
+    # which means you need to specify `skip_on_failure=True`
+    skip_on_failure: Literal[True],
+    allow_reuse: bool = ...,
+) -> Callable[
+    [_V1RootValidatorFunctionType],
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType,
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *,
+    # if you specify `pre=True` then you don't need to specify
+    # `skip_on_failure`, in fact it is not allowed as an argument!
+    pre: Literal[True],
+    allow_reuse: bool = ...,
+) -> Callable[
+    [_V1RootValidatorFunctionType],
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType,
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *,
+    # if you explicitly specify `pre=False` then you
+    # MUST specify `skip_on_failure=True`
+    pre: Literal[False],
+    skip_on_failure: Literal[True],
+    allow_reuse: bool = ...,
+) -> Callable[
+    [_V1RootValidatorFunctionType],
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType,
+]: ...
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'Pydantic V1 style `@root_validator` validators are deprecated.'
+    ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@model_validator` validators,'
+    ' see the migration guide for more details',
+    category=None,
+)
+def root_validator(
+    *__args,
+    pre: bool = False,
+    skip_on_failure: bool = False,
+    allow_reuse: bool = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Decorate methods on a model indicating that they should be used to validate (and perhaps
+    modify) data either before or after standard model parsing/validation is performed.
+
+    Args:
+        pre (bool, optional): Whether this validator should be called before the standard
+            validators (else after). Defaults to False.
+        skip_on_failure (bool, optional): Whether to stop validation and return as soon as a
+            failure is encountered. Defaults to False.
+        allow_reuse (bool, optional): Whether to track and raise an error if another validator
+            refers to the decorated function. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a root_validator.
+    """
+    warn(
+        'Pydantic V1 style `@root_validator` validators are deprecated.'
+        ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@model_validator` validators,'
+        ' see the migration guide for more details',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+    if __args:
+        # Ensure a nice error is raised if someone attempts to use the bare decorator
+        return root_validator()(*__args)  # type: ignore
+
+    if allow_reuse is True:  # pragma: no cover
+        warn(_ALLOW_REUSE_WARNING_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after'] = 'before' if pre is True else 'after'
+    if pre is False and skip_on_failure is not True:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'If you use `@root_validator` with pre=False (the default) you MUST specify `skip_on_failure=True`.'
+            ' Note that `@root_validator` is deprecated and should be replaced with `@model_validator`.',
+            code='root-validator-pre-skip',
+        )
+
+    wrap = partial(_decorators_v1.make_v1_generic_root_validator, pre=pre)
+
+    def dec(f: Callable[..., Any] | classmethod[Any, Any, Any] | staticmethod[Any, Any]) -> Any:
+        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
+            raise TypeError('`@root_validator` cannot be applied to instance methods')
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
+        res = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+        dec_info = _decorators.RootValidatorDecoratorInfo(mode=mode)
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(res, dec_info, shim=wrap)
+
+    return dec
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd4692a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import warnings
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from .._internal import _config
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = 'BaseConfig', 'Extra'
+
+
+class _ConfigMetaclass(type):
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            obj = _config.config_defaults[item]
+            warnings.warn(_config.DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning)
+            return obj
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise AttributeError(f"type object '{self.__name__}' has no attribute {exc}") from exc
+
+
+@deprecated('BaseConfig is deprecated. Use the `pydantic.ConfigDict` instead.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20)
+class BaseConfig(metaclass=_ConfigMetaclass):
+    """This class is only retained for backwards compatibility.
+
+    !!! Warning "Deprecated"
+        BaseConfig is deprecated. Use the [`pydantic.ConfigDict`][pydantic.ConfigDict] instead.
+    """
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            obj = super().__getattribute__(item)
+            warnings.warn(_config.DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning)
+            return obj
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            try:
+                return getattr(type(self), item)
+            except AttributeError:
+                # re-raising changes the displayed text to reflect that `self` is not a type
+                raise AttributeError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(_config.DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning)
+        return super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+
+
+class _ExtraMeta(type):
+    def __getattribute__(self, __name: str) -> Any:
+        # The @deprecated decorator accesses other attributes, so we only emit a warning for the expected ones
+        if __name in {'allow', 'ignore', 'forbid'}:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`pydantic.config.Extra` is deprecated, use literal values instead (e.g. `extra='allow'`)",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        return super().__getattribute__(__name)
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "Extra is deprecated. Use literal values instead (e.g. `extra='allow'`)", category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+)
+class Extra(metaclass=_ExtraMeta):
+    allow: Literal['allow'] = 'allow'
+    ignore: Literal['ignore'] = 'ignore'
+    forbid: Literal['forbid'] = 'forbid'
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/copy_internals.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/copy_internals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0170dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/copy_internals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import typing
+from copy import deepcopy
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any
+
+import typing_extensions
+
+from .._internal import (
+    _model_construction,
+    _typing_extra,
+    _utils,
+)
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .. import BaseModel
+    from .._internal._utils import AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny
+
+    AnyClassMethod = classmethod[Any, Any, Any]
+    TupleGenerator = typing.Generator[tuple[str, Any], None, None]
+    Model = typing.TypeVar('Model', bound='BaseModel')
+    # should be `set[int] | set[str] | dict[int, IncEx] | dict[str, IncEx] | None`, but mypy can't cope
+    IncEx: typing_extensions.TypeAlias = 'set[int] | set[str] | dict[int, Any] | dict[str, Any] | None'
+
+_object_setattr = _model_construction.object_setattr
+
+
+def _iter(
+    self: BaseModel,
+    to_dict: bool = False,
+    by_alias: bool = False,
+    include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+    exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+    exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+) -> TupleGenerator:
+    # Merge field set excludes with explicit exclude parameter with explicit overriding field set options.
+    # The extra "is not None" guards are not logically necessary but optimizes performance for the simple case.
+    if exclude is not None:
+        exclude = _utils.ValueItems.merge(
+            {k: v.exclude for k, v in self.__pydantic_fields__.items() if v.exclude is not None}, exclude
+        )
+
+    if include is not None:
+        include = _utils.ValueItems.merge(dict.fromkeys(self.__pydantic_fields__, True), include, intersect=True)
+
+    allowed_keys = _calculate_keys(self, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=exclude_unset)  # type: ignore
+    if allowed_keys is None and not (to_dict or by_alias or exclude_unset or exclude_defaults or exclude_none):
+        # huge boost for plain _iter()
+        yield from self.__dict__.items()
+        if self.__pydantic_extra__:
+            yield from self.__pydantic_extra__.items()
+        return
+
+    value_exclude = _utils.ValueItems(self, exclude) if exclude is not None else None
+    value_include = _utils.ValueItems(self, include) if include is not None else None
+
+    if self.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
+        items = self.__dict__.items()
+    else:
+        items = list(self.__dict__.items()) + list(self.__pydantic_extra__.items())
+
+    for field_key, v in items:
+        if (allowed_keys is not None and field_key not in allowed_keys) or (exclude_none and v is None):
+            continue
+
+        if exclude_defaults:
+            try:
+                field = self.__pydantic_fields__[field_key]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if not field.is_required() and field.default == v:
+                    continue
+
+        if by_alias and field_key in self.__pydantic_fields__:
+            dict_key = self.__pydantic_fields__[field_key].alias or field_key
+        else:
+            dict_key = field_key
+
+        if to_dict or value_include or value_exclude:
+            v = _get_value(
+                type(self),
+                v,
+                to_dict=to_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                include=value_include and value_include.for_element(field_key),
+                exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(field_key),
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        yield dict_key, v
+
+
+def _copy_and_set_values(
+    self: Model,
+    values: dict[str, Any],
+    fields_set: set[str],
+    extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    private: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    *,
+    deep: bool,  # UP006
+) -> Model:
+    if deep:
+        # chances of having empty dict here are quite low for using smart_deepcopy
+        values = deepcopy(values)
+        extra = deepcopy(extra)
+        private = deepcopy(private)
+
+    cls = self.__class__
+    m = cls.__new__(cls)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', values)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', extra)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', fields_set)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', private)
+
+    return m
+
+
+@typing.no_type_check
+def _get_value(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    v: Any,
+    to_dict: bool,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude_unset: bool,
+    exclude_defaults: bool,
+    exclude_none: bool,
+) -> Any:
+    from .. import BaseModel
+
+    if isinstance(v, BaseModel):
+        if to_dict:
+            return v.model_dump(
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                include=include,  # type: ignore
+                exclude=exclude,  # type: ignore
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        else:
+            return v.copy(include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+    value_exclude = _utils.ValueItems(v, exclude) if exclude else None
+    value_include = _utils.ValueItems(v, include) if include else None
+
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        return {
+            k_: _get_value(
+                cls,
+                v_,
+                to_dict=to_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                include=value_include and value_include.for_element(k_),
+                exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(k_),
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+            for k_, v_ in v.items()
+            if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(k_))
+            and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(k_))
+        }
+
+    elif _utils.sequence_like(v):
+        seq_args = (
+            _get_value(
+                cls,
+                v_,
+                to_dict=to_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                include=value_include and value_include.for_element(i),
+                exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(i),
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+            for i, v_ in enumerate(v)
+            if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(i))
+            and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(i))
+        )
+
+        return v.__class__(*seq_args) if _typing_extra.is_namedtuple(v.__class__) else v.__class__(seq_args)
+
+    elif isinstance(v, Enum) and getattr(cls.model_config, 'use_enum_values', False):
+        return v.value
+
+    else:
+        return v
+
+
+def _calculate_keys(
+    self: BaseModel,
+    include: MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude: MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude_unset: bool,
+    update: dict[str, Any] | None = None,  # noqa UP006
+) -> typing.AbstractSet[str] | None:
+    if include is None and exclude is None and exclude_unset is False:
+        return None
+
+    keys: typing.AbstractSet[str]
+    if exclude_unset:
+        keys = self.__pydantic_fields_set__.copy()
+    else:
+        keys = set(self.__dict__.keys())
+        keys = keys | (self.__pydantic_extra__ or {}).keys()
+
+    if include is not None:
+        keys &= include.keys()
+
+    if update:
+        keys -= update.keys()
+
+    if exclude:
+        keys -= {k for k, v in exclude.items() if _utils.ValueItems.is_true(v)}
+
+    return keys
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/decorator.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e73ad20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from .._internal import _config, _typing_extra
+from ..alias_generators import to_pascal
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ..functional_validators import field_validator
+from ..main import BaseModel, create_model
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = ('validate_arguments',)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    AnyCallable = Callable[..., Any]
+
+    AnyCallableT = TypeVar('AnyCallableT', bound=AnyCallable)
+    ConfigType = Union[None, type[Any], dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(
+    func: None = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None
+) -> Callable[['AnyCallableT'], 'AnyCallableT']: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(func: 'AnyCallableT') -> 'AnyCallableT': ...
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'The `validate_arguments` method is deprecated; use `validate_call` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def validate_arguments(func: Optional['AnyCallableT'] = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None) -> Any:
+    """Decorator to validate the arguments passed to a function."""
+    warnings.warn(
+        'The `validate_arguments` method is deprecated; use `validate_call` instead.',
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+    def validate(_func: 'AnyCallable') -> 'AnyCallable':
+        vd = ValidatedFunction(_func, config)
+
+        @wraps(_func)
+        def wrapper_function(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            return vd.call(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        wrapper_function.vd = vd  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.validate = vd.init_model_instance  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.raw_function = vd.raw_function  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.model = vd.model  # type: ignore
+        return wrapper_function
+
+    if func:
+        return validate(func)
+    else:
+        return validate
+
+
+ALT_V_ARGS = 'v__args'
+ALT_V_KWARGS = 'v__kwargs'
+V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME = 'v__positional_only'
+V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS = 'v__duplicate_kwargs'
+
+
+class ValidatedFunction:
+    def __init__(self, function: 'AnyCallable', config: 'ConfigType'):
+        from inspect import Parameter, signature
+
+        parameters: Mapping[str, Parameter] = signature(function).parameters
+
+        if parameters.keys() & {ALT_V_ARGS, ALT_V_KWARGS, V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'"{ALT_V_ARGS}", "{ALT_V_KWARGS}", "{V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME}" and "{V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}" '
+                f'are not permitted as argument names when using the "{validate_arguments.__name__}" decorator',
+                code=None,
+            )
+
+        self.raw_function = function
+        self.arg_mapping: dict[int, str] = {}
+        self.positional_only_args: set[str] = set()
+        self.v_args_name = 'args'
+        self.v_kwargs_name = 'kwargs'
+
+        type_hints = _typing_extra.get_type_hints(function, include_extras=True)
+        takes_args = False
+        takes_kwargs = False
+        fields: dict[str, tuple[Any, Any]] = {}
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(parameters.items()):
+            if p.annotation is p.empty:
+                annotation = Any
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            default = ... if p.default is p.empty else p.default
+            if p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = list[str], None
+                self.positional_only_args.add(name)
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = list[str], None
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                self.v_args_name = name
+                fields[name] = tuple[annotation, ...], None
+                takes_args = True
+            else:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+                self.v_kwargs_name = name
+                fields[name] = dict[str, annotation], None
+                takes_kwargs = True
+
+        # these checks avoid a clash between "args" and a field with that name
+        if not takes_args and self.v_args_name in fields:
+            self.v_args_name = ALT_V_ARGS
+
+        # same with "kwargs"
+        if not takes_kwargs and self.v_kwargs_name in fields:
+            self.v_kwargs_name = ALT_V_KWARGS
+
+        if not takes_args:
+            # we add the field so validation below can raise the correct exception
+            fields[self.v_args_name] = list[Any], None
+
+        if not takes_kwargs:
+            # same with kwargs
+            fields[self.v_kwargs_name] = dict[Any, Any], None
+
+        self.create_model(fields, takes_args, takes_kwargs, config)
+
+    def init_model_instance(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> BaseModel:
+        values = self.build_values(args, kwargs)
+        return self.model(**values)
+
+    def call(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        m = self.init_model_instance(*args, **kwargs)
+        return self.execute(m)
+
+    def build_values(self, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if args:
+            arg_iter = enumerate(args)
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    i, a = next(arg_iter)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    break
+                arg_name = self.arg_mapping.get(i)
+                if arg_name is not None:
+                    values[arg_name] = a
+                else:
+                    values[self.v_args_name] = [a] + [a for _, a in arg_iter]
+                    break
+
+        var_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        wrong_positional_args = []
+        duplicate_kwargs = []
+        fields_alias = [
+            field.alias
+            for name, field in self.model.__pydantic_fields__.items()
+            if name not in (self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name)
+        ]
+        non_var_fields = set(self.model.__pydantic_fields__) - {self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name}
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            if k in non_var_fields or k in fields_alias:
+                if k in self.positional_only_args:
+                    wrong_positional_args.append(k)
+                if k in values:
+                    duplicate_kwargs.append(k)
+                values[k] = v
+            else:
+                var_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        if var_kwargs:
+            values[self.v_kwargs_name] = var_kwargs
+        if wrong_positional_args:
+            values[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = wrong_positional_args
+        if duplicate_kwargs:
+            values[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = duplicate_kwargs
+        return values
+
+    def execute(self, m: BaseModel) -> Any:
+        d = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in m.__dict__.items()
+            if k in m.__pydantic_fields_set__ or m.__pydantic_fields__[k].default_factory
+        }
+        var_kwargs = d.pop(self.v_kwargs_name, {})
+
+        if self.v_args_name in d:
+            args_: list[Any] = []
+            in_kwargs = False
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if in_kwargs:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+                elif name == self.v_args_name:
+                    args_ += value
+                    in_kwargs = True
+                else:
+                    args_.append(value)
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        elif self.positional_only_args:
+            args_ = []
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if name in self.positional_only_args:
+                    args_.append(value)
+                else:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.raw_function(**d, **var_kwargs)
+
+    def create_model(self, fields: dict[str, Any], takes_args: bool, takes_kwargs: bool, config: 'ConfigType') -> None:
+        pos_args = len(self.arg_mapping)
+
+        config_wrapper = _config.ConfigWrapper(config)
+
+        if config_wrapper.alias_generator:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Setting the "alias_generator" property on custom Config for '
+                '@validate_arguments is not yet supported, please remove.',
+                code=None,
+            )
+        if config_wrapper.extra is None:
+            config_wrapper.config_dict['extra'] = 'forbid'
+
+        class DecoratorBaseModel(BaseModel):
+            @field_validator(self.v_args_name, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_args(cls, v: Optional[list[Any]]) -> Optional[list[Any]]:
+                if takes_args or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                raise TypeError(f'{pos_args} positional arguments expected but {pos_args + len(v)} given')
+
+            @field_validator(self.v_kwargs_name, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[dict[str, Any]]:
+                if takes_kwargs or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v.keys()))
+                raise TypeError(f'unexpected keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @field_validator(V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_positional_only(cls, v: Optional[list[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'positional-only argument{plural} passed as keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @field_validator(V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_duplicate_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[list[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'multiple values for argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            model_config = config_wrapper.config_dict
+
+        self.model = create_model(to_pascal(self.raw_function.__name__), __base__=DecoratorBaseModel, **fields)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/json.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e216a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import datetime
+import warnings
+from collections import deque
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from re import Pattern
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Union
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from .._internal._import_utils import import_cached_base_model
+from ..color import Color
+from ..networks import NameEmail
+from ..types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = 'pydantic_encoder', 'custom_pydantic_encoder', 'timedelta_isoformat'
+
+
+def isoformat(o: Union[datetime.date, datetime.time]) -> str:
+    return o.isoformat()
+
+
+def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> Union[int, float]:
+    """Encodes a Decimal as int of there's no exponent, otherwise float.
+
+    This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0)
+    where a integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float
+    results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse.
+    Our Id type is a prime example of this.
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0"))
+    1.0
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1"))
+    1
+    """
+    exponent = dec_value.as_tuple().exponent
+    if isinstance(exponent, int) and exponent >= 0:
+        return int(dec_value)
+    else:
+        return float(dec_value)
+
+
+ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: dict[type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = {
+    bytes: lambda o: o.decode(),
+    Color: str,
+    datetime.date: isoformat,
+    datetime.datetime: isoformat,
+    datetime.time: isoformat,
+    datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(),
+    Decimal: decimal_encoder,
+    Enum: lambda o: o.value,
+    frozenset: list,
+    deque: list,
+    GeneratorType: list,
+    IPv4Address: str,
+    IPv4Interface: str,
+    IPv4Network: str,
+    IPv6Address: str,
+    IPv6Interface: str,
+    IPv6Network: str,
+    NameEmail: str,
+    Path: str,
+    Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern,
+    SecretBytes: str,
+    SecretStr: str,
+    set: list,
+    UUID: str,
+}
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def pydantic_encoder(obj: Any) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
+
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
+        return obj.model_dump()
+    elif is_dataclass(obj):
+        return asdict(obj)  # type: ignore
+
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        raise TypeError(f"Object of type '{obj.__class__.__name__}' is not JSON serializable")
+
+
+# TODO: Add a suggested migration path once there is a way to use custom encoders
+@deprecated(
+    '`custom_pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `BaseModel.model_dump` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def custom_pydantic_encoder(type_encoders: dict[Any, Callable[[type[Any]], Any]], obj: Any) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`custom_pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `BaseModel.model_dump` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = type_encoders[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        return pydantic_encoder(obj)
+
+
+@deprecated('`timedelta_isoformat` is deprecated.', category=None)
+def timedelta_isoformat(td: datetime.timedelta) -> str:
+    """ISO 8601 encoding for Python timedelta object."""
+    warnings.warn('`timedelta_isoformat` is deprecated.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=2)
+    minutes, seconds = divmod(td.seconds, 60)
+    hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+    return f'{"-" if td.days < 0 else ""}P{abs(td.days)}DT{hours:d}H{minutes:d}M{seconds:d}.{td.microseconds:06d}S'
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/parse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a92e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import pickle
+import warnings
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+
+class Protocol(str, Enum):
+    json = 'json'
+    pickle = 'pickle'
+
+
+@deprecated('`load_str_bytes` is deprecated.', category=None)
+def load_str_bytes(
+    b: str | bytes,
+    *,
+    content_type: str | None = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol | None = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn('`load_str_bytes` is deprecated.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=2)
+    if proto is None and content_type:
+        if content_type.endswith(('json', 'javascript')):
+            pass
+        elif allow_pickle and content_type.endswith('pickle'):
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Unknown content-type: {content_type}')
+
+    proto = proto or Protocol.json
+
+    if proto == Protocol.json:
+        if isinstance(b, bytes):
+            b = b.decode(encoding)
+        return json_loads(b)  # type: ignore
+    elif proto == Protocol.pickle:
+        if not allow_pickle:
+            raise RuntimeError('Trying to decode with pickle with allow_pickle=False')
+        bb = b if isinstance(b, bytes) else b.encode()  # type: ignore
+        return pickle.loads(bb)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'Unknown protocol: {proto}')
+
+
+@deprecated('`load_file` is deprecated.', category=None)
+def load_file(
+    path: str | Path,
+    *,
+    content_type: str | None = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol | None = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn('`load_file` is deprecated.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=2)
+    path = Path(path)
+    b = path.read_bytes()
+    if content_type is None:
+        if path.suffix in ('.js', '.json'):
+            proto = Protocol.json
+        elif path.suffix == '.pkl':
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+
+    return load_str_bytes(
+        b, proto=proto, content_type=content_type, encoding=encoding, allow_pickle=allow_pickle, json_loads=json_loads
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/tools.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad7fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import warnings
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ..json_schema import DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, GenerateJsonSchema
+from ..type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = 'parse_obj_as', 'schema_of', 'schema_json_of'
+
+NameFactory = Union[str, Callable[[type[Any]], str]]
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`parse_obj_as` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.validate_python` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def parse_obj_as(type_: type[T], obj: Any, type_name: NameFactory | None = None) -> T:
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`parse_obj_as` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.validate_python` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    if type_name is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The type_name parameter is deprecated. parse_obj_as no longer creates temporary models',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    return TypeAdapter(type_).validate_python(obj)
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`schema_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def schema_of(
+    type_: Any,
+    *,
+    title: NameFactory | None = None,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as dict) for the passed model or dynamically generated one."""
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`schema_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    res = TypeAdapter(type_).json_schema(
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        schema_generator=schema_generator,
+        ref_template=ref_template,
+    )
+    if title is not None:
+        if isinstance(title, str):
+            res['title'] = title
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Passing a callable for the `title` parameter is deprecated and no longer supported',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            res['title'] = title(type_)
+    return res
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`schema_json_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def schema_json_of(
+    type_: Any,
+    *,
+    title: NameFactory | None = None,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+    **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as JSON) for the passed model or dynamically generated one."""
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`schema_json_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    return json.dumps(
+        schema_of(type_, title=title, by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, schema_generator=schema_generator),
+        **dumps_kwargs,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/env_settings.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/env_settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd0b04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/env_settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `env_settings` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/error_wrappers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/error_wrappers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2985419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/error_wrappers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `error_wrappers` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/errors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33851bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""Pydantic-specific errors."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Literal
+
+from typing_extensions import Self
+from typing_inspection.introspection import Qualifier
+
+from pydantic._internal import _repr
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .version import version_short
+
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticUserError',
+    'PydanticUndefinedAnnotation',
+    'PydanticImportError',
+    'PydanticSchemaGenerationError',
+    'PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema',
+    'PydanticForbiddenQualifier',
+    'PydanticErrorCodes',
+)
+
+# We use this URL to allow for future flexibility about how we host the docs, while allowing for Pydantic
+# code in the while with "old" URLs to still work.
+# 'u' refers to "user errors" - e.g. errors caused by developers using pydantic, as opposed to validation errors.
+DEV_ERROR_DOCS_URL = f'https://errors.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/u/'
+PydanticErrorCodes = Literal[
+    'class-not-fully-defined',
+    'custom-json-schema',
+    'decorator-invalid-fields',
+    'decorator-missing-arguments',
+    'decorator-missing-field',
+    'discriminator-no-field',
+    'discriminator-alias-type',
+    'discriminator-needs-literal',
+    'discriminator-alias',
+    'discriminator-validator',
+    'callable-discriminator-no-tag',
+    'typed-dict-version',
+    'model-field-overridden',
+    'model-field-missing-annotation',
+    'config-both',
+    'removed-kwargs',
+    'circular-reference-schema',
+    'invalid-for-json-schema',
+    'json-schema-already-used',
+    'base-model-instantiated',
+    'undefined-annotation',
+    'schema-for-unknown-type',
+    'import-error',
+    'create-model-field-definitions',
+    'validator-instance-method',
+    'validator-input-type',
+    'root-validator-pre-skip',
+    'model-serializer-instance-method',
+    'validator-field-config-info',
+    'validator-v1-signature',
+    'validator-signature',
+    'field-serializer-signature',
+    'model-serializer-signature',
+    'multiple-field-serializers',
+    'invalid-annotated-type',
+    'type-adapter-config-unused',
+    'root-model-extra',
+    'unevaluable-type-annotation',
+    'dataclass-init-false-extra-allow',
+    'clashing-init-and-init-var',
+    'model-config-invalid-field-name',
+    'with-config-on-model',
+    'dataclass-on-model',
+    'validate-call-type',
+    'unpack-typed-dict',
+    'overlapping-unpack-typed-dict',
+    'invalid-self-type',
+    'validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+]
+
+
+class PydanticErrorMixin:
+    """A mixin class for common functionality shared by all Pydantic-specific errors.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: A message describing the error.
+        code: An optional error code from PydanticErrorCodes enum.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, code: PydanticErrorCodes | None) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+        self.code = code
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.code is None:
+            return self.message
+        else:
+            return f'{self.message}\n\nFor further information visit {DEV_ERROR_DOCS_URL}{self.code}'
+
+
+class PydanticUserError(PydanticErrorMixin, RuntimeError):
+    """An error raised due to incorrect use of Pydantic."""
+
+
+class PydanticUndefinedAnnotation(PydanticErrorMixin, NameError):
+    """A subclass of `NameError` raised when handling undefined annotations during `CoreSchema` generation.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: Name of the error.
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, message: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        super().__init__(message=message, code='undefined-annotation')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_name_error(cls, name_error: NameError) -> Self:
+        """Convert a `NameError` to a `PydanticUndefinedAnnotation` error.
+
+        Args:
+            name_error: `NameError` to be converted.
+
+        Returns:
+            Converted `PydanticUndefinedAnnotation` error.
+        """
+        try:
+            name = name_error.name  # type: ignore  # python > 3.10
+        except AttributeError:
+            name = re.search(r".*'(.+?)'", str(name_error)).group(1)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        return cls(name=name, message=str(name_error))
+
+
+class PydanticImportError(PydanticErrorMixin, ImportError):
+    """An error raised when an import fails due to module changes between V1 and V2.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, code='import-error')
+
+
+class PydanticSchemaGenerationError(PydanticUserError):
+    """An error raised during failures to generate a `CoreSchema` for some type.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, code='schema-for-unknown-type')
+
+
+class PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(PydanticUserError):
+    """An error raised during failures to generate a JSON schema for some `CoreSchema`.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, code='invalid-for-json-schema')
+
+
+class PydanticForbiddenQualifier(PydanticUserError):
+    """An error raised if a forbidden type qualifier is found in a type annotation."""
+
+    _qualifier_repr_map: ClassVar[dict[Qualifier, str]] = {
+        'required': 'typing.Required',
+        'not_required': 'typing.NotRequired',
+        'read_only': 'typing.ReadOnly',
+        'class_var': 'typing.ClassVar',
+        'init_var': 'dataclasses.InitVar',
+        'final': 'typing.Final',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, qualifier: Qualifier, annotation: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=(
+                f'The annotation {_repr.display_as_type(annotation)!r} contains the {self._qualifier_repr_map[qualifier]!r} '
+                f'type qualifier, which is invalid in the context it is defined.'
+            ),
+            code=None,
+        )
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b5add1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""The "experimental" module of pydantic contains potential new features that are subject to change."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/arguments_schema.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/arguments_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af4a8f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/arguments_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Experimental module exposing a function to generate a core schema that validates callable arguments."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema
+
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+from pydantic._internal import _config, _generate_schema, _namespace_utils
+
+
+def generate_arguments_schema(
+    func: Callable[..., Any],
+    schema_type: Literal['arguments', 'arguments-v3'] = 'arguments-v3',
+    parameters_callback: Callable[[int, str, Any], Literal['skip'] | None] | None = None,
+    config: ConfigDict | None = None,
+) -> CoreSchema:
+    """Generate the schema for the arguments of a function.
+
+    Args:
+        func: The function to generate the schema for.
+        schema_type: The type of schema to generate.
+        parameters_callback: A callable that will be invoked for each parameter. The callback
+            should take three required arguments: the index, the name and the type annotation
+            (or [`Parameter.empty`][inspect.Parameter.empty] if not annotated) of the parameter.
+            The callback can optionally return `'skip'`, so that the parameter gets excluded
+            from the resulting schema.
+        config: The configuration to use.
+
+    Returns:
+        The generated schema.
+    """
+    generate_schema = _generate_schema.GenerateSchema(
+        _config.ConfigWrapper(config),
+        ns_resolver=_namespace_utils.NsResolver(namespaces_tuple=_namespace_utils.ns_for_function(func)),
+    )
+
+    if schema_type == 'arguments':
+        schema = generate_schema._arguments_schema(func, parameters_callback)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    else:
+        schema = generate_schema._arguments_v3_schema(func, parameters_callback)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    return generate_schema.clean_schema(schema)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/missing_sentinel.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/missing_sentinel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e7f820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/missing_sentinel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Experimental module exposing a function a `MISSING` sentinel."""
+
+from pydantic_core import MISSING
+
+__all__ = ('MISSING',)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/pipeline.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/pipeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ead658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/pipeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+"""Experimental pipeline API functionality. Be careful with this API, it's subject to change."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import operator
+import re
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Container
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from decimal import Decimal
+from functools import cached_property, partial
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, Callable, Generic, Protocol, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+import annotated_types
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
+from pydantic_core import core_schema as cs
+
+from pydantic import Strict
+from pydantic._internal._internal_dataclass import slots_true as _slots_true
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
+else:
+    from types import EllipsisType
+
+__all__ = ['validate_as', 'validate_as_deferred', 'transform']
+
+_slots_frozen = {**_slots_true, 'frozen': True}
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _ValidateAs:
+    tp: type[Any]
+    strict: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _ValidateAsDefer:
+    func: Callable[[], type[Any]]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def tp(self) -> type[Any]:
+        return self.func()
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _Transform:
+    func: Callable[[Any], Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _PipelineOr:
+    left: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+    right: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _PipelineAnd:
+    left: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+    right: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _Eq:
+    value: Any
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _NotEq:
+    value: Any
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _In:
+    values: Container[Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _NotIn:
+    values: Container[Any]
+
+
+_ConstraintAnnotation = Union[
+    annotated_types.Le,
+    annotated_types.Ge,
+    annotated_types.Lt,
+    annotated_types.Gt,
+    annotated_types.Len,
+    annotated_types.MultipleOf,
+    annotated_types.Timezone,
+    annotated_types.Interval,
+    annotated_types.Predicate,
+    # common predicates not included in annotated_types
+    _Eq,
+    _NotEq,
+    _In,
+    _NotIn,
+    # regular expressions
+    Pattern[str],
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _Constraint:
+    constraint: _ConstraintAnnotation
+
+
+_Step = Union[_ValidateAs, _ValidateAsDefer, _Transform, _PipelineOr, _PipelineAnd, _Constraint]
+
+_InT = TypeVar('_InT')
+_OutT = TypeVar('_OutT')
+_NewOutT = TypeVar('_NewOutT')
+
+
+class _FieldTypeMarker:
+    pass
+
+
+# TODO: ultimately, make this public, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/9459#discussion_r1628197626
+# Also, make this frozen eventually, but that doesn't work right now because of the generic base
+# Which attempts to modify __orig_base__ and such.
+# We could go with a manual freeze, but that seems overkill for now.
+@dataclass(**_slots_true)
+class _Pipeline(Generic[_InT, _OutT]):
+    """Abstract representation of a chain of validation, transformation, and parsing steps."""
+
+    _steps: tuple[_Step, ...]
+
+    def transform(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[_OutT], _NewOutT],
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]:
+        """Transform the output of the previous step.
+
+        If used as the first step in a pipeline, the type of the field is used.
+        That is, the transformation is applied to after the value is parsed to the field's type.
+        """
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT](self._steps + (_Transform(func),))
+
+    @overload
+    def validate_as(self, tp: type[_NewOutT], *, strict: bool = False) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def validate_as(
+        self,
+        tp: ellipsis,  # noqa: F821  # TODO: use `_typing_extra.EllipsisType` when we drop Py3.9
+        *,
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]: ...
+
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm to properly type Annotated aliases (e.g. NewPath, FilePath).
+    # This fallback accepts any type expression but loses generic type inference.
+    @overload
+    def validate_as(self, tp: Any, *, strict: bool = ...) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]: ...
+
+    def validate_as(self, tp: type[_NewOutT] | EllipsisType | Any, *, strict: bool = False) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]:  # type: ignore
+        """Validate / parse the input into a new type.
+
+        If no type is provided, the type of the field is used.
+
+        Types are parsed in Pydantic's `lax` mode by default,
+        but you can enable `strict` mode by passing `strict=True`.
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, EllipsisType):
+            return _Pipeline[_InT, Any](self._steps + (_ValidateAs(_FieldTypeMarker, strict=strict),))
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT](self._steps + (_ValidateAs(tp, strict=strict),))
+
+    def validate_as_deferred(self, func: Callable[[], type[_NewOutT]]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]:
+        """Parse the input into a new type, deferring resolution of the type until the current class
+        is fully defined.
+
+        This is useful when you need to reference the class in it's own type annotations.
+        """
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT](self._steps + (_ValidateAsDefer(func),))
+
+    # constraints
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe], constraint: annotated_types.Ge) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt], constraint: annotated_types.Gt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe], constraint: annotated_types.Le) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt], constraint: annotated_types.Lt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen], constraint: annotated_types.Len
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT], constraint: annotated_types.MultipleOf
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDatetime], constraint: annotated_types.Timezone
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDatetime]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: annotated_types.Predicate) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutInterval], constraint: annotated_types.Interval
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutInterval]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _Eq) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _NotEq) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _In) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _NotIn) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT], constraint: Pattern[str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]: ...
+
+    def constrain(self, constraint: _ConstraintAnnotation) -> Any:
+        """Constrain a value to meet a certain condition.
+
+        We support most conditions from `annotated_types`, as well as regular expressions.
+
+        Most of the time you'll be calling a shortcut method like `gt`, `lt`, `len`, etc
+        so you don't need to call this directly.
+        """
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT](self._steps + (_Constraint(constraint),))
+
+    def predicate(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT], func: Callable[[_NewOutT], bool]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to meet a certain predicate."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Predicate(func))
+
+    def gt(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt], gt: _NewOutGt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt]:
+        """Constrain a value to be greater than a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Gt(gt))
+
+    def lt(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt], lt: _NewOutLt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt]:
+        """Constrain a value to be less than a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Lt(lt))
+
+    def ge(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe], ge: _NewOutGe) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe]:
+        """Constrain a value to be greater than or equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Ge(ge))
+
+    def le(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe], le: _NewOutLe) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe]:
+        """Constrain a value to be less than or equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Le(le))
+
+    def len(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen], min_len: int, max_len: int | None = None) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen]:
+        """Constrain a value to have a certain length."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Len(min_len, max_len))
+
+    @overload
+    def multiple_of(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDiv], multiple_of: _NewOutDiv) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDiv]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def multiple_of(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutMod], multiple_of: _NewOutMod) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutMod]: ...
+
+    def multiple_of(self: _Pipeline[_InT, Any], multiple_of: Any) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]:
+        """Constrain a value to be a multiple of a certain number."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of))
+
+    def eq(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], value: _OutT) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to be equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(_Eq(value))
+
+    def not_eq(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], value: _OutT) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to not be equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(_NotEq(value))
+
+    def in_(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], values: Container[_OutT]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to be in a certain set."""
+        return self.constrain(_In(values))
+
+    def not_in(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], values: Container[_OutT]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to not be in a certain set."""
+        return self.constrain(_NotIn(values))
+
+    # timezone methods
+    def datetime_tz_naive(self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Timezone(None))
+
+    def datetime_tz_aware(self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Timezone(...))
+
+    def datetime_tz(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime], tz: datetime.tzinfo
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Timezone(tz))  # type: ignore
+
+    def datetime_with_tz(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime], tz: datetime.tzinfo | None
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.transform(partial(datetime.datetime.replace, tzinfo=tz))
+
+    # string methods
+    def str_lower(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.lower)
+
+    def str_upper(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.upper)
+
+    def str_title(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.title)
+
+    def str_strip(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.strip)
+
+    def str_pattern(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], pattern: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.constrain(re.compile(pattern))
+
+    def str_contains(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], substring: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.predicate(lambda v: substring in v)
+
+    def str_starts_with(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], prefix: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.predicate(lambda v: v.startswith(prefix))
+
+    def str_ends_with(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], suffix: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.predicate(lambda v: v.endswith(suffix))
+
+    # operators
+    def otherwise(self, other: _Pipeline[_OtherIn, _OtherOut]) -> _Pipeline[_InT | _OtherIn, _OutT | _OtherOut]:
+        """Combine two validation chains, returning the result of the first chain if it succeeds, and the second chain if it fails."""
+        return _Pipeline((_PipelineOr(self, other),))
+
+    __or__ = otherwise
+
+    def then(self, other: _Pipeline[_OutT, _OtherOut]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OtherOut]:
+        """Pipe the result of one validation chain into another."""
+        return _Pipeline((_PipelineAnd(self, other),))
+
+    __and__ = then
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+        queue = deque(self._steps)
+
+        s = None
+
+        while queue:
+            step = queue.popleft()
+            s = _apply_step(step, s, handler, source_type)
+
+        s = s or cs.any_schema()
+        return s
+
+    def __supports_type__(self, _: _OutT) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+validate_as = _Pipeline[Any, Any](()).validate_as
+validate_as_deferred = _Pipeline[Any, Any](()).validate_as_deferred
+transform = _Pipeline[Any, Any]((_ValidateAs(_FieldTypeMarker),)).transform
+
+
+def _check_func(
+    func: Callable[[Any], bool], predicate_err: str | Callable[[], str], s: cs.CoreSchema | None
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    def handler(v: Any) -> Any:
+        if func(v):
+            return v
+        raise ValueError(f'Expected {predicate_err if isinstance(predicate_err, str) else predicate_err()}')
+
+    if s is None:
+        return cs.no_info_plain_validator_function(handler)
+    else:
+        return cs.no_info_after_validator_function(handler, s)
+
+
+def _apply_step(step: _Step, s: cs.CoreSchema | None, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler, source_type: Any) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    if isinstance(step, _ValidateAs):
+        s = _apply_parse(s, step.tp, step.strict, handler, source_type)
+    elif isinstance(step, _ValidateAsDefer):
+        s = _apply_parse(s, step.tp, False, handler, source_type)
+    elif isinstance(step, _Transform):
+        s = _apply_transform(s, step.func, handler)
+    elif isinstance(step, _Constraint):
+        s = _apply_constraint(s, step.constraint)
+    elif isinstance(step, _PipelineOr):
+        s = cs.union_schema([handler(step.left), handler(step.right)])
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(step, _PipelineAnd)
+        s = cs.chain_schema([handler(step.left), handler(step.right)])
+    return s
+
+
+def _apply_parse(
+    s: cs.CoreSchema | None,
+    tp: type[Any],
+    strict: bool,
+    handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+    source_type: Any,
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    if tp is _FieldTypeMarker:
+        return cs.chain_schema([s, handler(source_type)]) if s else handler(source_type)
+
+    if strict:
+        tp = Annotated[tp, Strict()]  # type: ignore
+
+    if s and s['type'] == 'any':
+        return handler(tp)
+    else:
+        return cs.chain_schema([s, handler(tp)]) if s else handler(tp)
+
+
+def _apply_transform(
+    s: cs.CoreSchema | None, func: Callable[[Any], Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    if s is None:
+        return cs.no_info_plain_validator_function(func)
+
+    if s['type'] == 'str':
+        if func is str.strip:
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['strip_whitespace'] = True
+            return s
+        elif func is str.lower:
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['to_lower'] = True
+            return s
+        elif func is str.upper:
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['to_upper'] = True
+            return s
+
+    return cs.no_info_after_validator_function(func, s)
+
+
+def _apply_constraint(  # noqa: C901
+    s: cs.CoreSchema | None, constraint: _ConstraintAnnotation
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    """Apply a single constraint to a schema."""
+    if isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Gt):
+        gt = constraint.gt
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(gt, int):
+                s['gt'] = gt
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(gt, float):
+                s['gt'] = gt
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(gt, Decimal):
+                s['gt'] = gt
+        else:
+
+            def check_gt(v: Any) -> bool:
+                return v > gt
+
+            s = _check_func(check_gt, f'> {gt}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Ge):
+        ge = constraint.ge
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(ge, int):
+                s['ge'] = ge
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(ge, float):
+                s['ge'] = ge
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(ge, Decimal):
+                s['ge'] = ge
+
+        def check_ge(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v >= ge
+
+        s = _check_func(check_ge, f'>= {ge}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Lt):
+        lt = constraint.lt
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(lt, int):
+                s['lt'] = lt
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(lt, float):
+                s['lt'] = lt
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(lt, Decimal):
+                s['lt'] = lt
+
+        def check_lt(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v < lt
+
+        s = _check_func(check_lt, f'< {lt}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Le):
+        le = constraint.le
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(le, int):
+                s['le'] = le
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(le, float):
+                s['le'] = le
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(le, Decimal):
+                s['le'] = le
+
+        def check_le(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v <= le
+
+        s = _check_func(check_le, f'<= {le}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Len):
+        min_len = constraint.min_length
+        max_len = constraint.max_length
+
+        if s and s['type'] in {'str', 'list', 'tuple', 'set', 'frozenset', 'dict'}:
+            assert (
+                s['type'] == 'str'
+                or s['type'] == 'list'
+                or s['type'] == 'tuple'
+                or s['type'] == 'set'
+                or s['type'] == 'dict'
+                or s['type'] == 'frozenset'
+            )
+            s = s.copy()
+            if min_len != 0:
+                s['min_length'] = min_len
+            if max_len is not None:
+                s['max_length'] = max_len
+
+        def check_len(v: Any) -> bool:
+            if max_len is not None:
+                return (min_len <= len(v)) and (len(v) <= max_len)
+            return min_len <= len(v)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_len, f'length >= {min_len} and length <= {max_len}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.MultipleOf):
+        multiple_of = constraint.multiple_of
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(multiple_of, int):
+                s['multiple_of'] = multiple_of
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(multiple_of, float):
+                s['multiple_of'] = multiple_of
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(multiple_of, Decimal):
+                s['multiple_of'] = multiple_of
+
+        def check_multiple_of(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v % multiple_of == 0
+
+        s = _check_func(check_multiple_of, f'% {multiple_of} == 0', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Timezone):
+        tz = constraint.tz
+
+        if tz is ...:
+            if s and s['type'] == 'datetime':
+                s = s.copy()
+                s['tz_constraint'] = 'aware'
+            else:
+
+                def check_tz_aware(v: object) -> bool:
+                    assert isinstance(v, datetime.datetime)
+                    return v.tzinfo is not None
+
+                s = _check_func(check_tz_aware, 'timezone aware', s)
+        elif tz is None:
+            if s and s['type'] == 'datetime':
+                s = s.copy()
+                s['tz_constraint'] = 'naive'
+            else:
+
+                def check_tz_naive(v: object) -> bool:
+                    assert isinstance(v, datetime.datetime)
+                    return v.tzinfo is None
+
+                s = _check_func(check_tz_naive, 'timezone naive', s)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError('Constraining to a specific timezone is not yet supported')
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Interval):
+        if constraint.ge:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Ge(constraint.ge))
+        if constraint.gt:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Gt(constraint.gt))
+        if constraint.le:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Le(constraint.le))
+        if constraint.lt:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Lt(constraint.lt))
+        assert s is not None
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Predicate):
+        func = constraint.func
+        # Same logic as in `_known_annotated_metadata.apply_known_metadata()`:
+        predicate_name = f'{func.__qualname__!r} ' if hasattr(func, '__qualname__') else ''
+
+        def predicate_func(v: Any) -> Any:
+            if not func(v):
+                raise PydanticCustomError(
+                    'predicate_failed',
+                    f'Predicate {predicate_name}failed',  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                )
+            return v
+
+        if s is None:
+            s = cs.no_info_plain_validator_function(predicate_func)
+        else:
+            s = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(predicate_func, s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _NotEq):
+        value = constraint.value
+
+        def check_not_eq(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__ne__(v, value)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_not_eq, f'!= {value}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _Eq):
+        value = constraint.value
+
+        def check_eq(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__eq__(v, value)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_eq, f'== {value}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _In):
+        values = constraint.values
+
+        def check_in(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__contains__(values, v)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_in, f'in {values}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _NotIn):
+        values = constraint.values
+
+        def check_not_in(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__not__(operator.__contains__(values, v))
+
+        s = _check_func(check_not_in, f'not in {values}', s)
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(constraint, Pattern)
+        if s and s['type'] == 'str':
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['pattern'] = constraint.pattern
+        else:
+
+            def check_pattern(v: object) -> bool:
+                assert isinstance(v, str)
+                return constraint.match(v) is not None
+
+            s = _check_func(check_pattern, f'~ {constraint.pattern}', s)
+    return s
+
+
+class _SupportsRange(annotated_types.SupportsLe, annotated_types.SupportsGe, Protocol):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SupportsLen(Protocol):
+    def __len__(self) -> int: ...
+
+
+_NewOutGt = TypeVar('_NewOutGt', bound=annotated_types.SupportsGt)
+_NewOutGe = TypeVar('_NewOutGe', bound=annotated_types.SupportsGe)
+_NewOutLt = TypeVar('_NewOutLt', bound=annotated_types.SupportsLt)
+_NewOutLe = TypeVar('_NewOutLe', bound=annotated_types.SupportsLe)
+_NewOutLen = TypeVar('_NewOutLen', bound=_SupportsLen)
+_NewOutDiv = TypeVar('_NewOutDiv', bound=annotated_types.SupportsDiv)
+_NewOutMod = TypeVar('_NewOutMod', bound=annotated_types.SupportsMod)
+_NewOutDatetime = TypeVar('_NewOutDatetime', bound=datetime.datetime)
+_NewOutInterval = TypeVar('_NewOutInterval', bound=_SupportsRange)
+_OtherIn = TypeVar('_OtherIn')
+_OtherOut = TypeVar('_OtherOut')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/fields.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ede966f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1892 @@
+"""Defining fields on models."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import re
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from copy import copy
+from dataclasses import Field as DataclassField
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, ClassVar, Literal, TypeVar, final, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+import annotated_types
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import MISSING, PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, TypedDict, Unpack, deprecated
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import UNKNOWN, AnnotationSource, ForbiddenQualifier, Qualifier, inspect_annotation
+
+from . import types
+from ._internal import _decorators, _fields, _generics, _internal_dataclass, _repr, _typing_extra, _utils
+from ._internal._namespace_utils import GlobalsNamespace, MappingNamespace
+from .aliases import AliasChoices, AliasGenerator, AliasPath
+from .config import JsonDict
+from .errors import PydanticForbiddenQualifier, PydanticUserError
+from .json_schema import PydanticJsonSchemaWarning
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._config import ConfigWrapper
+    from ._internal._repr import ReprArgs
+
+
+__all__ = 'Field', 'FieldInfo', 'PrivateAttr', 'computed_field'
+
+
+_Unset: Any = PydanticUndefined
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    import warnings
+
+    Deprecated: TypeAlias = warnings.deprecated | deprecated
+else:
+    Deprecated: TypeAlias = deprecated
+
+
+class _FromFieldInfoInputs(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """This class exists solely to add type checking for the `**kwargs` in `FieldInfo.from_field`."""
+
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm:
+    annotation: type[Any] | None
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None
+    alias: str | None
+    alias_priority: int | None
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None
+    serialization_alias: str | None
+    title: str | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None
+    description: str | None
+    examples: list[Any] | None
+    exclude: bool | None
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None
+    multiple_of: float | None
+    strict: bool | None
+    min_length: int | None
+    max_length: int | None
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None
+    max_digits: int | None
+    decimal_places: int | None
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] | None
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None
+    frozen: bool | None
+    validate_default: bool | None
+    repr: bool
+    init: bool | None
+    init_var: bool | None
+    kw_only: bool | None
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None
+    fail_fast: bool | None
+
+
+class _FieldInfoInputs(_FromFieldInfoInputs, total=False):
+    """This class exists solely to add type checking for the `**kwargs` in `FieldInfo.__init__`."""
+
+    default: Any
+
+
+class _FieldInfoAsDict(TypedDict, closed=True):
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm:
+    annotation: Any
+    metadata: list[Any]
+    attributes: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+@final
+class FieldInfo(_repr.Representation):
+    """This class holds information about a field.
+
+    `FieldInfo` is used for any field definition regardless of whether the [`Field()`][pydantic.fields.Field]
+    function is explicitly used.
+
+    !!! warning
+        The `FieldInfo` class is meant to expose information about a field in a Pydantic model or dataclass.
+        `FieldInfo` instances shouldn't be instantiated directly, nor mutated.
+
+        If you need to derive a new model from another one and are willing to alter `FieldInfo` instances,
+        refer to this [dynamic model example](../examples/dynamic_models.md).
+
+    Attributes:
+        annotation: The type annotation of the field.
+        default: The default value of the field.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the already validated data.
+        alias: The alias name of the field.
+        alias_priority: The priority of the field's alias.
+        validation_alias: The validation alias of the field.
+        serialization_alias: The serialization alias of the field.
+        title: The title of the field.
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: The description of the field.
+        examples: List of examples of the field.
+        exclude: Whether to exclude the field from the model serialization.
+        exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude a field during serialization based on its value.
+        discriminator: Field name or Discriminator for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
+            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen.
+        validate_default: Whether to validate the default value of the field.
+        repr: Whether to include the field in representation of the model.
+        init: Whether the field should be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
+        init_var: Whether the field should _only_ be included in the constructor of the dataclass, and not stored.
+        kw_only: Whether the field should be a keyword-only argument in the constructor of the dataclass.
+        metadata: The metadata list. Contains all the data that isn't expressed as direct `FieldInfo` attributes, including:
+
+            * Type-specific constraints, such as `gt` or `min_length` (these are converted to metadata classes such as `annotated_types.Gt`).
+            * Any other arbitrary object used within [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] metadata
+              (e.g. [custom types handlers](../concepts/types.md#as-an-annotation) or any object not recognized by Pydantic).
+    """
+
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm:
+    annotation: type[Any] | None
+    default: Any
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None
+    alias: str | None
+    alias_priority: int | None
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None
+    serialization_alias: str | None
+    title: str | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None
+    description: str | None
+    examples: list[Any] | None
+    exclude: bool | None
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None
+    frozen: bool | None
+    validate_default: bool | None
+    repr: bool
+    init: bool | None
+    init_var: bool | None
+    kw_only: bool | None
+    metadata: list[Any]
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'annotation',
+        'default',
+        'default_factory',
+        'alias',
+        'alias_priority',
+        'validation_alias',
+        'serialization_alias',
+        'title',
+        'field_title_generator',
+        'description',
+        'examples',
+        'exclude',
+        'exclude_if',
+        'discriminator',
+        'deprecated',
+        'json_schema_extra',
+        'frozen',
+        'validate_default',
+        'repr',
+        'init',
+        'init_var',
+        'kw_only',
+        'metadata',
+        '_attributes_set',
+        '_qualifiers',
+        '_complete',
+        '_original_assignment',
+        '_original_annotation',
+        '_final',
+    )
+
+    # used to convert kwargs to metadata/constraints,
+    # None has a special meaning - these items are collected into a `PydanticGeneralMetadata`
+    metadata_lookup: ClassVar[dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any] | None]] = {
+        'strict': types.Strict,
+        'gt': annotated_types.Gt,
+        'ge': annotated_types.Ge,
+        'lt': annotated_types.Lt,
+        'le': annotated_types.Le,
+        'multiple_of': annotated_types.MultipleOf,
+        'min_length': annotated_types.MinLen,
+        'max_length': annotated_types.MaxLen,
+        'pattern': None,
+        'allow_inf_nan': None,
+        'max_digits': None,
+        'decimal_places': None,
+        'union_mode': None,
+        'coerce_numbers_to_str': None,
+        'fail_fast': types.FailFast,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_FieldInfoInputs]) -> None:
+        """This class should generally not be initialized directly; instead, use the `pydantic.fields.Field` function
+        or one of the constructor classmethods.
+
+        See the signature of `pydantic.fields.Field` for more details about the expected arguments.
+        """
+        # Tracking the explicitly set attributes is necessary to correctly merge `Field()` functions
+        # (e.g. with `Annotated[int, Field(alias='a'), Field(alias=None)]`, even though `None` is the default value,
+        # we need to track that `alias=None` was explicitly set):
+        self._attributes_set = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset and k not in self.metadata_lookup}
+        kwargs = {k: _DefaultValues.get(k) if v is _Unset else v for k, v in kwargs.items()}  # type: ignore
+        self.annotation = kwargs.get('annotation')
+
+        # Note: in theory, the second `pop()` arguments are not required below, as defaults are already set from `_DefaultsValues`.
+        default = kwargs.pop('default', PydanticUndefined)
+        if default is Ellipsis:
+            self.default = PydanticUndefined
+            self._attributes_set.pop('default', None)
+        else:
+            self.default = default
+
+        self.default_factory = kwargs.pop('default_factory', None)
+
+        if self.default is not PydanticUndefined and self.default_factory is not None:
+            raise TypeError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+        self.alias = kwargs.pop('alias', None)
+        self.validation_alias = kwargs.pop('validation_alias', None)
+        self.serialization_alias = kwargs.pop('serialization_alias', None)
+        alias_is_set = any(alias is not None for alias in (self.alias, self.validation_alias, self.serialization_alias))
+        self.alias_priority = kwargs.pop('alias_priority', None) or 2 if alias_is_set else None
+        self.title = kwargs.pop('title', None)
+        self.field_title_generator = kwargs.pop('field_title_generator', None)
+        self.description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
+        self.examples = kwargs.pop('examples', None)
+        self.exclude = kwargs.pop('exclude', None)
+        self.exclude_if = kwargs.pop('exclude_if', None)
+        self.discriminator = kwargs.pop('discriminator', None)
+        # For compatibility with FastAPI<=0.110.0, we preserve the existing value if it is not overridden
+        self.deprecated = kwargs.pop('deprecated', getattr(self, 'deprecated', None))
+        self.repr = kwargs.pop('repr', True)
+        self.json_schema_extra = kwargs.pop('json_schema_extra', None)
+        self.validate_default = kwargs.pop('validate_default', None)
+        self.frozen = kwargs.pop('frozen', None)
+        # currently only used on dataclasses
+        self.init = kwargs.pop('init', None)
+        self.init_var = kwargs.pop('init_var', None)
+        self.kw_only = kwargs.pop('kw_only', None)
+
+        self.metadata = self._collect_metadata(kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+        # Private attributes:
+        self._qualifiers: set[Qualifier] = set()
+        # Used to rebuild FieldInfo instances:
+        self._complete = True
+        self._original_annotation: Any = PydanticUndefined
+        self._original_assignment: Any = PydanticUndefined
+        # Used to track whether the `FieldInfo` instance represents the data about a field (and is exposed in `model_fields`/`__pydantic_fields__`),
+        # or if it is the result of the `Field()` function being used as metadata in an `Annotated` type/as an assignment
+        # (not an ideal pattern, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/11122):
+        self._final = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_field(default: Any = PydanticUndefined, **kwargs: Unpack[_FromFieldInfoInputs]) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Create a new `FieldInfo` object with the `Field` function.
+
+        Args:
+            default: The default value for the field. Defaults to Undefined.
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments dictionary.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If 'annotation' is passed as a keyword argument.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new FieldInfo object with the given parameters.
+
+        Example:
+            This is how you can create a field with default value like this:
+
+            ```python
+            import pydantic
+
+            class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+                foo: int = pydantic.Field(4)
+            ```
+        """
+        if 'annotation' in kwargs:
+            raise TypeError('"annotation" is not permitted as a Field keyword argument')
+        return FieldInfo(default=default, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_annotation(annotation: type[Any], *, _source: AnnotationSource = AnnotationSource.ANY) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Creates a `FieldInfo` instance from a bare annotation.
+
+        This function is used internally to create a `FieldInfo` from a bare annotation like this:
+
+        ```python
+        import pydantic
+
+        class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+            foo: int  # <-- like this
+        ```
+
+        We also account for the case where the annotation can be an instance of `Annotated` and where
+        one of the (not first) arguments in `Annotated` is an instance of `FieldInfo`, e.g.:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        import annotated_types
+
+        import pydantic
+
+        class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+            foo: Annotated[int, annotated_types.Gt(42)]
+            bar: Annotated[int, pydantic.Field(gt=42)]
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            annotation: An annotation object.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of the field metadata.
+        """
+        try:
+            inspected_ann = inspect_annotation(
+                annotation,
+                annotation_source=_source,
+                unpack_type_aliases='skip',
+            )
+        except ForbiddenQualifier as e:
+            raise PydanticForbiddenQualifier(e.qualifier, annotation)
+
+        # TODO check for classvar and error?
+
+        # No assigned value, this happens when using a bare `Final` qualifier (also for other
+        # qualifiers, but they shouldn't appear here). In this case we infer the type as `Any`
+        # because we don't have any assigned value.
+        type_expr: Any = Any if inspected_ann.type is UNKNOWN else inspected_ann.type
+        final = 'final' in inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        metadata = inspected_ann.metadata
+
+        attr_overrides = {'annotation': type_expr}
+        if final:
+            attr_overrides['frozen'] = True
+        field_info = FieldInfo._construct(metadata, **attr_overrides)
+        field_info._qualifiers = inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        field_info._final = True
+        return field_info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_annotated_attribute(
+        annotation: type[Any], default: Any, *, _source: AnnotationSource = AnnotationSource.ANY
+    ) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Create `FieldInfo` from an annotation with a default value.
+
+        This is used in cases like the following:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        import annotated_types
+
+        import pydantic
+
+        class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+            foo: int = 4  # <-- like this
+            bar: Annotated[int, annotated_types.Gt(4)] = 4  # <-- or this
+            spam: Annotated[int, pydantic.Field(gt=4)] = 4  # <-- or this
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            annotation: The type annotation of the field.
+            default: The default value of the field.
+
+        Returns:
+            A field object with the passed values.
+        """
+        if annotation is not MISSING and annotation is default:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Error when building FieldInfo from annotated attribute. '
+                "Make sure you don't have any field name clashing with a type annotation.",
+                code='unevaluable-type-annotation',
+            )
+
+        try:
+            inspected_ann = inspect_annotation(
+                annotation,
+                annotation_source=_source,
+                unpack_type_aliases='skip',
+            )
+        except ForbiddenQualifier as e:
+            raise PydanticForbiddenQualifier(e.qualifier, annotation)
+
+        # TODO check for classvar and error?
+
+        # TODO infer from the default, this can be done in v3 once we treat final fields with
+        # a default as proper fields and not class variables:
+        type_expr: Any = Any if inspected_ann.type is UNKNOWN else inspected_ann.type
+        final = 'final' in inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        metadata = inspected_ann.metadata
+
+        # HACK 1: the order in which the metadata is merged is inconsistent; we need to prepend
+        # metadata from the assignment at the beginning of the metadata. Changing this is only
+        # possible in v3 (at least). See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/10507
+        prepend_metadata: list[Any] | None = None
+        attr_overrides = {'annotation': type_expr}
+        if final:
+            attr_overrides['frozen'] = True
+
+        # HACK 2: FastAPI is subclassing `FieldInfo` and historically expected the actual
+        # instance's type to be preserved when constructing new models with its subclasses as assignments.
+        # This code is never reached by Pydantic itself, and in an ideal world this shouldn't be necessary.
+        if not metadata and isinstance(default, FieldInfo) and type(default) is not FieldInfo:
+            field_info = default._copy()
+            field_info._attributes_set.update(attr_overrides)
+            for k, v in attr_overrides.items():
+                setattr(field_info, k, v)
+            return field_info
+
+        if isinstance(default, FieldInfo):
+            default_copy = default._copy()  # Copy unnecessary when we remove HACK 1.
+            prepend_metadata = default_copy.metadata
+            default_copy.metadata = []
+            metadata = metadata + [default_copy]
+            if 'init_var' in inspected_ann.qualifiers:
+                # Only relevant for dataclasses, when `f: InitVar[<type>] = Field(...)`
+                # is used:
+                attr_overrides['init_var'] = True
+        elif isinstance(default, dataclasses.Field):
+            from_field = FieldInfo._from_dataclass_field(default)
+            prepend_metadata = from_field.metadata  # Unnecessary when we remove HACK 1.
+            from_field.metadata = []
+            metadata = metadata + [from_field]
+            if 'init_var' in inspected_ann.qualifiers:
+                attr_overrides['init_var'] = True
+            if (init := getattr(default, 'init', None)) is not None:
+                attr_overrides['init'] = init
+            if (kw_only := getattr(default, 'kw_only', None)) is not None:
+                attr_overrides['kw_only'] = kw_only
+        else:
+            # `default` is the actual default value
+            attr_overrides['default'] = default
+
+        field_info = FieldInfo._construct(
+            prepend_metadata + metadata if prepend_metadata is not None else metadata, **attr_overrides
+        )
+        field_info._qualifiers = inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        field_info._final = True
+        return field_info
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _construct(cls, metadata: list[Any], **attr_overrides: Any) -> Self:
+        """Construct the final `FieldInfo` instance, by merging the possibly existing `FieldInfo` instances from the metadata.
+
+        With the following example:
+
+        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            f: Annotated[int, Gt(1), Field(description='desc', lt=2)]
+        ```
+
+        `metadata` refers to the metadata elements of the `Annotated` form. This metadata is iterated over from left to right:
+
+        - If the element is a `Field()` function (which is itself a `FieldInfo` instance), the field attributes (such as
+          `description`) are saved to be set on the final `FieldInfo` instance.
+          On the other hand, some kwargs (such as `lt`) are stored as `metadata` (see `FieldInfo.__init__()`, calling
+          `FieldInfo._collect_metadata()`). In this case, the final metadata list is extended with the one from this instance.
+        - Else, the element is considered as a single metadata object, and is appended to the final metadata list.
+
+        Args:
+            metadata: The list of metadata elements to merge together. If the `FieldInfo` instance to be constructed is for
+                a field with an assigned `Field()`, this `Field()` assignment should be added as the last element of the
+                provided metadata.
+            **attr_overrides: Extra attributes that should be set on the final merged `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            The final merged `FieldInfo` instance.
+        """
+        merged_metadata: list[Any] = []
+        merged_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        for meta in metadata:
+            if isinstance(meta, FieldInfo):
+                merged_metadata.extend(meta.metadata)
+
+                new_js_extra: JsonDict | None = None
+                current_js_extra = meta.json_schema_extra
+                if current_js_extra is not None and 'json_schema_extra' in merged_kwargs:
+                    # We need to merge `json_schema_extra`'s:
+                    existing_js_extra = merged_kwargs['json_schema_extra']
+                    if isinstance(existing_js_extra, dict):
+                        if isinstance(current_js_extra, dict):
+                            new_js_extra = {
+                                **existing_js_extra,
+                                **current_js_extra,
+                            }
+                        elif callable(current_js_extra):
+                            warn(
+                                'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported. '
+                                'The `callable` type is being ignored. '
+                                "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                                UserWarning,
+                            )
+                    elif callable(existing_js_extra) and isinstance(current_js_extra, dict):
+                        warn(
+                            'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported. '
+                            'The `callable` type is being ignored. '
+                            "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                            UserWarning,
+                        )
+
+                # HACK: It is common for users to define "make model partial" (or similar) utilities, that
+                # convert all model fields to be optional (i.e. have a default value). To do so, they mutate
+                # each `FieldInfo` instance from `model_fields` to set a `default`, and use `create_model()`
+                # with `Annotated[<orig_type> | None, mutated_field_info]`` as an annotation. However, such
+                # mutations (by doing simple assignments) are only accidentally working, because we also
+                # need to track attributes explicitly set in `_attributes_set` (relying on default values for
+                # each attribute is *not* enough, for instance with `Annotated[int, Field(alias='a'), Field(alias=None)]`
+                # the resulting `FieldInfo` should have `alias=None`).
+                # To mitigate this, we add a special case when a "final" `FieldInfo` instance (that is an instance coming
+                # from `model_fields`) is used in annotated metadata (or assignment). In this case, we assume *all* attributes
+                # were explicitly set, and as such we use all of them (and this will correctly pick up the mutations).
+                # In theory, this shouldn't really be supported, you are only supposed to use the `Field()` function, not
+                # a `FieldInfo` instance directly (granted, `Field()` returns a `FieldInfo`, see
+                # https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/11122):
+                if meta._final:
+                    merged_kwargs.update({attr: getattr(meta, attr) for attr in _Attrs})
+                else:
+                    merged_kwargs.update(meta._attributes_set)
+
+                if new_js_extra is not None:
+                    merged_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = new_js_extra
+            elif typing_objects.is_deprecated(meta):
+                merged_kwargs['deprecated'] = meta
+            else:
+                merged_metadata.append(meta)
+
+        merged_kwargs.update(attr_overrides)
+        merged_field_info = cls(**merged_kwargs)
+        merged_field_info.metadata = merged_metadata
+        return merged_field_info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        "The 'merge_field_infos()' method is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+        'If you relied on this method, please open an issue in the Pydantic issue tracker.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def merge_field_infos(*field_infos: FieldInfo, **overrides: Any) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Merge `FieldInfo` instances keeping only explicitly set attributes.
+
+        Later `FieldInfo` instances override earlier ones.
+
+        Returns:
+            FieldInfo: A merged FieldInfo instance.
+        """
+        if len(field_infos) == 1:
+            # No merging necessary, but we still need to make a copy and apply the overrides
+            field_info = field_infos[0]._copy()
+            field_info._attributes_set.update(overrides)
+
+            default_override = overrides.pop('default', PydanticUndefined)
+            if default_override is Ellipsis:
+                default_override = PydanticUndefined
+            if default_override is not PydanticUndefined:
+                field_info.default = default_override
+
+            for k, v in overrides.items():
+                setattr(field_info, k, v)
+            return field_info  # type: ignore
+
+        merged_field_info_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        metadata = {}
+        for field_info in field_infos:
+            attributes_set = field_info._attributes_set.copy()
+
+            try:
+                json_schema_extra = attributes_set.pop('json_schema_extra')
+                existing_json_schema_extra = merged_field_info_kwargs.get('json_schema_extra')
+
+                if existing_json_schema_extra is None:
+                    merged_field_info_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = json_schema_extra
+                if isinstance(existing_json_schema_extra, dict):
+                    if isinstance(json_schema_extra, dict):
+                        merged_field_info_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = {
+                            **existing_json_schema_extra,
+                            **json_schema_extra,
+                        }
+                    if callable(json_schema_extra):
+                        warn(
+                            'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported.'
+                            'The `callable` type is being ignored.'
+                            "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                            PydanticJsonSchemaWarning,
+                        )
+                elif callable(json_schema_extra):
+                    # if ever there's a case of a callable, we'll just keep the last json schema extra spec
+                    merged_field_info_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = json_schema_extra
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
+            # later FieldInfo instances override everything except json_schema_extra from earlier FieldInfo instances
+            merged_field_info_kwargs.update(attributes_set)
+
+            for x in field_info.metadata:
+                if not isinstance(x, FieldInfo):
+                    metadata[type(x)] = x
+
+        merged_field_info_kwargs.update(overrides)
+        field_info = FieldInfo(**merged_field_info_kwargs)
+        field_info.metadata = list(metadata.values())
+        return field_info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _from_dataclass_field(dc_field: DataclassField[Any]) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Return a new `FieldInfo` instance from a `dataclasses.Field` instance.
+
+        Args:
+            dc_field: The `dataclasses.Field` instance to convert.
+
+        Returns:
+            The corresponding `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If any of the `FieldInfo` kwargs does not match the `dataclass.Field` kwargs.
+        """
+        default = dc_field.default
+        if default is dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default = _Unset
+
+        if dc_field.default_factory is dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default_factory = _Unset
+        else:
+            default_factory = dc_field.default_factory
+
+        # use the `Field` function so in correct kwargs raise the correct `TypeError`
+        dc_field_metadata = {k: v for k, v in dc_field.metadata.items() if k in _FIELD_ARG_NAMES}
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and dc_field.doc is not None:
+            dc_field_metadata['description'] = dc_field.doc
+        return Field(default=default, default_factory=default_factory, repr=dc_field.repr, **dc_field_metadata)  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _collect_metadata(kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> list[Any]:
+        """Collect annotations from kwargs.
+
+        Args:
+            kwargs: Keyword arguments passed to the function.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of metadata objects - a combination of `annotated_types.BaseMetadata` and
+                `PydanticMetadata`.
+        """
+        metadata: list[Any] = []
+        general_metadata = {}
+        for key, value in list(kwargs.items()):
+            try:
+                marker = FieldInfo.metadata_lookup[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+
+            del kwargs[key]
+            if value is not None:
+                if marker is None:
+                    general_metadata[key] = value
+                else:
+                    metadata.append(marker(value))
+        if general_metadata:
+            metadata.append(_fields.pydantic_general_metadata(**general_metadata))
+        return metadata
+
+    @property
+    def deprecation_message(self) -> str | None:
+        """The deprecation message to be emitted, or `None` if not set."""
+        if self.deprecated is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(self.deprecated, bool):
+            return 'deprecated' if self.deprecated else None
+        return self.deprecated if isinstance(self.deprecated, str) else self.deprecated.message
+
+    @property
+    def default_factory_takes_validated_data(self) -> bool | None:
+        """Whether the provided default factory callable has a validated data parameter.
+
+        Returns `None` if no default factory is set.
+        """
+        if self.default_factory is not None:
+            return _fields.takes_validated_data_argument(self.default_factory)
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[True], validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[False] = ...) -> Any: ...
+
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: bool = False, validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Any:
+        """Get the default value.
+
+        We expose an option for whether to call the default_factory (if present), as calling it may
+        result in side effects that we want to avoid. However, there are times when it really should
+        be called (namely, when instantiating a model via `model_construct`).
+
+        Args:
+            call_default_factory: Whether to call the default factory or not.
+            validated_data: The already validated data to be passed to the default factory.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value, calling the default factory if requested or `PydanticUndefined` if not set.
+        """
+        return _fields.resolve_default_value(
+            default=self.default,
+            default_factory=self.default_factory,
+            validated_data=validated_data,
+            call_default_factory=call_default_factory,
+        )
+
+    def is_required(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the field is required (i.e., does not have a default value or factory).
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field is required, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return self.default is PydanticUndefined and self.default_factory is None
+
+    def rebuild_annotation(self) -> Any:
+        """Attempts to rebuild the original annotation for use in function signatures.
+
+        If metadata is present, it adds it to the original annotation using
+        `Annotated`. Otherwise, it returns the original annotation as-is.
+
+        Note that because the metadata has been flattened, the original annotation
+        may not be reconstructed exactly as originally provided, e.g. if the original
+        type had unrecognized annotations, or was annotated with a call to `pydantic.Field`.
+
+        Returns:
+            The rebuilt annotation.
+        """
+        if not self.metadata:
+            return self.annotation
+        else:
+            # Annotated arguments must be a tuple
+            return Annotated[(self.annotation, *self.metadata)]  # type: ignore
+
+    def apply_typevars_map(
+        self,
+        typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None,
+        globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+        localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a `typevars_map` to the annotation.
+
+        This method is used when analyzing parametrized generic types to replace typevars with their concrete types.
+
+        This method applies the `typevars_map` to the annotation in place.
+
+        Args:
+            typevars_map: A dictionary mapping type variables to their concrete types.
+            globalns: The globals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+            localns: The locals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+
+        See Also:
+            pydantic._internal._generics.replace_types is used for replacing the typevars with
+                their concrete types.
+        """
+        annotation = _generics.replace_types(self.annotation, typevars_map)
+        annotation, evaluated = _typing_extra.try_eval_type(annotation, globalns, localns)
+        self.annotation = annotation
+        if not evaluated:
+            self._complete = False
+            self._original_annotation = self.annotation
+
+    def asdict(self) -> _FieldInfoAsDict:
+        """Return a dictionary representation of the `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+        The returned value is a dictionary with three items:
+
+        * `annotation`: The type annotation of the field.
+        * `metadata`: The metadata list.
+        * `attributes`: A mapping of the remaining `FieldInfo` attributes to their values (e.g. `alias`, `title`).
+        """
+        return {
+            'annotation': self.annotation,
+            'metadata': self.metadata,
+            'attributes': {attr: getattr(self, attr) for attr in _Attrs},
+        }
+
+    def _copy(self) -> Self:
+        """Return a copy of the `FieldInfo` instance."""
+        # Note: we can't define a custom `__copy__()`, as `FieldInfo` is being subclassed
+        # by some third-party libraries with extra attributes defined (and as `FieldInfo`
+        # is slotted, we can't make a copy of the `__dict__`).
+        if type(self) is FieldInfo:
+            # Fast-path if the instance isn't a subclass (`copy.copy()` relies on pickling which is slower):
+            copied = FieldInfo.__new__(FieldInfo)
+            for attr_name in FieldInfo.__slots__:
+                setattr(copied, attr_name, getattr(self, attr_name))
+        else:
+            copied = copy(self)
+
+        for attr_name in ('metadata', '_attributes_set', '_qualifiers'):
+            # Apply "deep-copy" behavior on collections attributes:
+            setattr(copied, attr_name, getattr(copied, attr_name).copy())
+
+        return copied  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> ReprArgs:
+        yield 'annotation', _repr.PlainRepr(_repr.display_as_type(self.annotation))
+        yield 'required', self.is_required()
+
+        for s in self.__slots__:
+            # TODO: properly make use of the protocol (https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pretty.html#rich-repr-protocol)
+            # By yielding a three-tuple:
+            if s in (
+                'annotation',
+                '_attributes_set',
+                '_qualifiers',
+                '_complete',
+                '_original_assignment',
+                '_original_annotation',
+                '_final',
+            ):
+                continue
+            elif s == 'metadata' and not self.metadata:
+                continue
+            elif s == 'repr' and self.repr is True:
+                continue
+            if s == 'frozen' and self.frozen is False:
+                continue
+            if s == 'validation_alias' and self.validation_alias == self.alias:
+                continue
+            if s == 'serialization_alias' and self.serialization_alias == self.alias:
+                continue
+            if s == 'default' and self.default is not PydanticUndefined:
+                yield 'default', self.default
+            elif s == 'default_factory' and self.default_factory is not None:
+                yield 'default_factory', _repr.PlainRepr(_repr.display_as_type(self.default_factory))
+            else:
+                value = getattr(self, s)
+                if value is not None and value is not PydanticUndefined:
+                    yield s, value
+
+
+class _EmptyKwargs(TypedDict):
+    """This class exists solely to ensure that type checking warns about passing `**extra` in `Field`."""
+
+
+_Attrs = {
+    'default': ...,
+    'default_factory': None,
+    'alias': None,
+    'alias_priority': None,
+    'validation_alias': None,
+    'serialization_alias': None,
+    'title': None,
+    'field_title_generator': None,
+    'description': None,
+    'examples': None,
+    'exclude': None,
+    'exclude_if': None,
+    'discriminator': None,
+    'deprecated': None,
+    'json_schema_extra': None,
+    'frozen': None,
+    'validate_default': None,
+    'repr': True,
+    'init': None,
+    'init_var': None,
+    'kw_only': None,
+}
+
+_DefaultValues = {
+    **_Attrs,
+    'kw_only': None,
+    'pattern': None,
+    'strict': None,
+    'gt': None,
+    'ge': None,
+    'lt': None,
+    'le': None,
+    'multiple_of': None,
+    'allow_inf_nan': None,
+    'max_digits': None,
+    'decimal_places': None,
+    'min_length': None,
+    'max_length': None,
+    'coerce_numbers_to_str': None,
+}
+
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+
+# NOTE: Actual return type is 'FieldInfo', but we want to help type checkers
+# to understand the magic that happens at runtime with the following overloads:
+@overload  # type hint the return value as `Any` to avoid type checking regressions when using `...`.
+def Field(
+    default: ellipsis,  # noqa: F821  # TODO: use `_typing_extra.EllipsisType` when we drop Py3.9
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload  # `default` argument set, validate_default=True (no type checking on the default value)
+def Field(
+    default: Any,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[True],
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload  # `default` argument set, validate_default=False or unset
+def Field(
+    default: _T,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    # NOTE: to get proper type checking on `exclude_if`'s argument, we could use `_T` instead of `Any`. However,
+    # this requires (at least for pyright) adding an additional overload where `exclude_if` is required (otherwise
+    # `a: int = Field(default_factory=str)` results in a false negative).
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[False] = ...,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload  # `default_factory` argument set, validate_default=True  (no type checking on the default value)
+def Field(  # pyright: ignore[reportOverlappingOverload]
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any],
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[True],
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload  # `default_factory` argument set, validate_default=False or unset
+def Field(
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], _T] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], _T],
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    # NOTE: to get proper type checking on `exclude_if`'s argument, we could use `_T` instead of `Any`. However,
+    # this requires (at least for pyright) adding an additional overload where `exclude_if` is required (otherwise
+    # `a: int = Field(default_factory=str)` results in a false negative).
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[False] | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload
+def Field(  # No default set
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+def Field(  # noqa: C901
+    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = _Unset,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Fields](../concepts/fields.md)
+
+    Create a field for objects that can be configured.
+
+    Used to provide extra information about a field, either for the model schema or complex validation. Some arguments
+    apply only to number fields (`int`, `float`, `Decimal`) and some apply only to `str`.
+
+    Note:
+        - Any `_Unset` objects will be replaced by the corresponding value defined in the `_DefaultValues` dictionary. If a key for the `_Unset` object is not found in the `_DefaultValues` dictionary, it will default to `None`
+
+    Args:
+        default: Default value if the field is not set.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the already validated data.
+        alias: The name to use for the attribute when validating or serializing by alias.
+            This is often used for things like converting between snake and camel case.
+        alias_priority: Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+        validation_alias: Like `alias`, but only affects validation, not serialization.
+        serialization_alias: Like `alias`, but only affects serialization, not validation.
+        title: Human-readable title.
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: Human-readable description.
+        examples: Example values for this field.
+        exclude: Whether to exclude the field from the model serialization.
+        exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude a field during serialization based on its value.
+        discriminator: Field name or Discriminator for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
+            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen. If true, attempts to change the value on an instance will raise an error.
+        validate_default: If `True`, apply validation to the default value every time you create an instance.
+            Otherwise, for performance reasons, the default value of the field is trusted and not validated.
+        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the `__repr__` output.
+        init: Whether the field should be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
+            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
+        init_var: Whether the field should _only_ be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
+            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
+        kw_only: Whether the field should be a keyword-only argument in the constructor of the dataclass.
+            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
+        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
+        strict: If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            See [Strict Mode](../concepts/strict_mode.md) for details.
+        gt: Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        ge: Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        lt: Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        le: Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        multiple_of: Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        min_length: Minimum length for iterables.
+        max_length: Maximum length for iterables.
+        pattern: Pattern for strings (a regular expression).
+        allow_inf_nan: Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to float and [`Decimal`][decimal.Decimal] numbers.
+        max_digits: Maximum number of allow digits for strings.
+        decimal_places: Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers.
+        union_mode: The strategy to apply when validating a union. Can be `smart` (the default), or `left_to_right`.
+            See [Union Mode](../concepts/unions.md#union-modes) for details.
+        fail_fast: If `True`, validation will stop on the first error. If `False`, all validation errors will be collected.
+            This option can be applied only to iterable types (list, tuple, set, and frozenset).
+        extra: (Deprecated) Extra fields that will be included in the JSON schema.
+
+            !!! warning Deprecated
+                The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+
+    Returns:
+        A new [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo]. The return annotation is `Any` so `Field` can be used on
+            type-annotated fields without causing a type error.
+    """
+    # Check deprecated and removed params from V1. This logic should eventually be removed.
+    const = extra.pop('const', None)  # type: ignore
+    if const is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError('`const` is removed, use `Literal` instead', code='removed-kwargs')
+
+    min_items = extra.pop('min_items', None)  # type: ignore
+    if min_items is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`min_items` is deprecated and will be removed, use `min_length` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if min_length in (None, _Unset):
+            min_length = min_items  # type: ignore
+
+    max_items = extra.pop('max_items', None)  # type: ignore
+    if max_items is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`max_items` is deprecated and will be removed, use `max_length` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if max_length in (None, _Unset):
+            max_length = max_items  # type: ignore
+
+    unique_items = extra.pop('unique_items', None)  # type: ignore
+    if unique_items is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            (
+                '`unique_items` is removed, use `Set` instead'
+                '(this feature is discussed in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296)'
+            ),
+            code='removed-kwargs',
+        )
+
+    allow_mutation = extra.pop('allow_mutation', None)  # type: ignore
+    if allow_mutation is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`allow_mutation` is deprecated and will be removed. use `frozen` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if allow_mutation is False:
+            frozen = True
+
+    regex = extra.pop('regex', None)  # type: ignore
+    if regex is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError('`regex` is removed. use `pattern` instead', code='removed-kwargs')
+
+    if extra:
+        warn(
+            'Using extra keyword arguments on `Field` is deprecated and will be removed.'
+            ' Use `json_schema_extra` instead.'
+            f' (Extra keys: {", ".join(k.__repr__() for k in extra.keys())})',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if not json_schema_extra or json_schema_extra is _Unset:
+            json_schema_extra = extra  # type: ignore
+
+    if (
+        validation_alias
+        and validation_alias is not _Unset
+        and not isinstance(validation_alias, (str, AliasChoices, AliasPath))
+    ):
+        raise TypeError('Invalid `validation_alias` type. it should be `str`, `AliasChoices`, or `AliasPath`')
+
+    if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
+        serialization_alias = alias
+
+    if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
+        validation_alias = alias
+
+    include = extra.pop('include', None)  # type: ignore
+    if include is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`include` is deprecated and does nothing. It will be removed, use `exclude` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return FieldInfo.from_field(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        field_title_generator=field_title_generator,
+        description=description,
+        examples=examples,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        exclude_if=exclude_if,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        validate_default=validate_default,
+        repr=repr,
+        init=init,
+        init_var=init_var,
+        kw_only=kw_only,
+        coerce_numbers_to_str=coerce_numbers_to_str,
+        strict=strict,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        union_mode=union_mode,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+    )
+
+
+_FIELD_ARG_NAMES = set(inspect.signature(Field).parameters)
+_FIELD_ARG_NAMES.remove('extra')  # do not include the varkwargs parameter
+
+
+class ModelPrivateAttr(_repr.Representation):
+    """A descriptor for private attributes in class models.
+
+    !!! warning
+        You generally shouldn't be creating `ModelPrivateAttr` instances directly, instead use
+        `pydantic.fields.PrivateAttr`. (This is similar to `FieldInfo` vs. `Field`.)
+
+    Attributes:
+        default: The default value of the attribute if not provided.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the validated data (the model's
+            [`__dict__`][object.__dict__]) and the already initialized private attributes.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ('default', 'default_factory')
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if default is Ellipsis:
+            self.default = PydanticUndefined
+        else:
+            self.default = default
+        self.default_factory = default_factory
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            """This function improves compatibility with custom descriptors by ensuring delegation happens
+            as expected when the default value of a private attribute is a descriptor.
+            """
+            if item in {'__get__', '__set__', '__delete__'}:
+                if hasattr(self.default, item):
+                    return getattr(self.default, item)
+            raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
+
+    def __set_name__(self, cls: type[Any], name: str) -> None:
+        """Preserve `__set_name__` protocol defined in https://peps.python.org/pep-0487."""
+        default = self.default
+        if default is PydanticUndefined:
+            return
+        set_name = getattr(default, '__set_name__', None)
+        if callable(set_name):
+            set_name(cls, name)
+
+    @property
+    def default_factory_takes_validated_data(self) -> bool | None:
+        """Whether the provided default factory callable has a validated data parameter.
+
+        Returns `None` if no default factory is set.
+        """
+        if self.default_factory is not None:
+            return _fields.takes_validated_data_argument(self.default_factory)
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[True], validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[False] = ...) -> Any: ...
+
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: bool = False, validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Any:
+        """Get the default value.
+
+        We expose an option for whether to call the default_factory (if present), as calling it may
+        result in side effects that we want to avoid. However, there are times when it really should
+        be called (namely, when instantiating a model via `model_construct`).
+
+        Args:
+            call_default_factory: Whether to call the default factory or not.
+            validated_data: The already validated data to be passed to the default factory.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value, calling the default factory if requested or `None` if not set.
+        """
+        return _fields.resolve_default_value(
+            default=self.default,
+            default_factory=self.default_factory,
+            validated_data=validated_data,
+            call_default_factory=call_default_factory,
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and (self.default, self.default_factory) == (
+            other.default,
+            other.default_factory,
+        )
+
+
+# NOTE: Actual return type is 'ModelPrivateAttr', but we want to help type checkers
+# to understand the magic that happens at runtime.
+@overload  # `default` argument set
+def PrivateAttr(
+    default: _T,
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload  # `default_factory` argument set
+def PrivateAttr(
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], _T] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], _T],
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload  # No default set
+def PrivateAttr(
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> Any: ...
+def PrivateAttr(
+    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = None,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Private Model Attributes](../concepts/models.md#private-model-attributes)
+
+    Indicates that an attribute is intended for private use and not handled during normal validation/serialization.
+
+    Private attributes are not validated by Pydantic, so it's up to you to ensure they are used in a type-safe manner.
+
+    Private attributes are stored in `__private_attributes__` on the model.
+
+    Args:
+        default: The attribute's default value. Defaults to Undefined.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the validated data (the model's
+            [`__dict__`][object.__dict__]) and the already initialized private attributes.
+            If both `default` and `default_factory` are set, an error will be raised.
+        init: Whether the attribute should be included in the constructor of the dataclass. Always `False`.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of [`ModelPrivateAttr`][pydantic.fields.ModelPrivateAttr] class.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If both `default` and `default_factory` are set.
+    """
+    if default is not PydanticUndefined and default_factory is not None:
+        raise TypeError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+    return ModelPrivateAttr(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+    )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class ComputedFieldInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@computed_field` so that we can access it while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@computed_field'.
+        wrapped_property: The wrapped computed field property.
+        return_type: The type of the computed field property's return value.
+        alias: The alias of the property to be used during serialization.
+        alias_priority: The priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+        title: Title of the computed field to include in the serialization JSON schema.
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: Description of the computed field to include in the serialization JSON schema.
+        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
+            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
+        examples: Example values of the computed field to include in the serialization JSON schema.
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the __repr__ output.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@computed_field'
+    wrapped_property: property
+    return_type: Any
+    alias: str | None
+    alias_priority: int | None
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None
+    title: str | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None
+    description: str | None
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None
+    examples: list[Any] | None
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None
+    repr: bool
+    # NOTE: if you add a new field, add it to the `__copy__()` implementation.
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            wrapped_property=self.wrapped_property,
+            return_type=self.return_type,
+            alias=self.alias,
+            alias_priority=self.alias_priority,
+            exclude_if=self.exclude_if,
+            title=self.title,
+            field_title_generator=self.field_title_generator,
+            description=self.description,
+            deprecated=self.deprecated,
+            examples=self.examples.copy() if isinstance(self.examples, list) else self.examples,
+            json_schema_extra=self.json_schema_extra.copy()
+            if isinstance(self.json_schema_extra, dict)
+            else self.json_schema_extra,
+            repr=self.repr,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def deprecation_message(self) -> str | None:
+        """The deprecation message to be emitted, or `None` if not set."""
+        if self.deprecated is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(self.deprecated, bool):
+            return 'deprecated' if self.deprecated else None
+        return self.deprecated if isinstance(self.deprecated, str) else self.deprecated.message
+
+    def _update_from_config(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper, name: str) -> None:
+        """Update the instance from the configuration set on the class this computed field belongs to."""
+        title_generator = self.field_title_generator or config_wrapper.field_title_generator
+        if title_generator is not None and self.title is None:
+            self.title = title_generator(name, self)
+        if config_wrapper.alias_generator is not None:
+            self._apply_alias_generator(config_wrapper.alias_generator, name)
+
+    def _apply_alias_generator(self, alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator, name: str) -> None:
+        """Apply an alias generator to aliases if appropriate.
+
+        Args:
+            alias_generator: A callable that takes a string and returns a string, or an `AliasGenerator` instance.
+            name: The name of the computed field from which to generate the alias.
+        """
+        # Apply an alias_generator if
+        # 1. An alias is not specified
+        # 2. An alias is specified, but the priority is <= 1
+
+        if self.alias_priority is None or self.alias_priority <= 1 or self.alias is None:
+            alias, _, serialization_alias = None, None, None
+
+            if isinstance(alias_generator, AliasGenerator):
+                alias, _, serialization_alias = alias_generator.generate_aliases(name)
+            elif callable(alias_generator):
+                alias = alias_generator(name)
+
+            # if priority is not set, we set to 1
+            # which supports the case where the alias_generator from a child class is used
+            # to generate an alias for a field in a parent class
+            if self.alias_priority is None or self.alias_priority <= 1:
+                self.alias_priority = 1
+
+            # if the priority is 1, then we set the aliases to the generated alias
+            # note that we use the serialization_alias with priority over alias, as computed_field
+            # aliases are used for serialization only (not validation)
+            if self.alias_priority == 1:
+                self.alias = _utils.get_first_not_none(serialization_alias, alias)
+
+
+def _wrapped_property_is_private(property_: cached_property | property) -> bool:  # type: ignore
+    """Returns true if provided property is private, False otherwise."""
+    wrapped_name: str = ''
+
+    if isinstance(property_, property):
+        wrapped_name = getattr(property_.fget, '__name__', '')
+    elif isinstance(property_, cached_property):  # type: ignore
+        wrapped_name = getattr(property_.func, '__name__', '')  # type: ignore
+
+    return wrapped_name.startswith('_') and not wrapped_name.startswith('__')
+
+
+# this should really be `property[T], cached_property[T]` but property is not generic unlike cached_property
+# See https://github.com/python/typing/issues/985 and linked issues
+PropertyT = TypeVar('PropertyT')
+
+
+@overload
+def computed_field(func: PropertyT, /) -> PropertyT: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def computed_field(
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    alias_priority: int | None = None,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = None,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> Callable[[PropertyT], PropertyT]: ...
+
+
+def computed_field(
+    func: PropertyT | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    alias_priority: int | None = None,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = None,
+    repr: bool | None = None,
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> PropertyT | Callable[[PropertyT], PropertyT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [The `computed_field` decorator](../concepts/fields.md#the-computed_field-decorator)
+
+    Decorator to include `property` and `cached_property` when serializing models or dataclasses.
+
+    This is useful for fields that are computed from other fields, or for fields that are expensive to compute and should be cached.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Rectangle(BaseModel):
+        width: int
+        length: int
+
+        @computed_field
+        @property
+        def area(self) -> int:
+            return self.width * self.length
+
+    print(Rectangle(width=3, length=2).model_dump())
+    #> {'width': 3, 'length': 2, 'area': 6}
+    ```
+
+    If applied to functions not yet decorated with `@property` or `@cached_property`, the function is
+    automatically wrapped with `property`. Although this is more concise, you will lose IntelliSense in your IDE,
+    and confuse static type checkers, thus explicit use of `@property` is recommended.
+
+    !!! warning "Mypy Warning"
+        Even with the `@property` or `@cached_property` applied to your function before `@computed_field`,
+        mypy may throw a `Decorated property not supported` error.
+        See [mypy issue #1362](https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1362), for more information.
+        To avoid this error message, add `# type: ignore[prop-decorator]` to the `@computed_field` line.
+
+        [pyright](https://github.com/microsoft/pyright) supports `@computed_field` without error.
+
+    ```python
+    import random
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Square(BaseModel):
+        width: float
+
+        @computed_field
+        def area(self) -> float:  # converted to a `property` by `computed_field`
+            return round(self.width**2, 2)
+
+        @area.setter
+        def area(self, new_area: float) -> None:
+            self.width = new_area**0.5
+
+        @computed_field(alias='the magic number', repr=False)
+        def random_number(self) -> int:
+            return random.randint(0, 1_000)
+
+    square = Square(width=1.3)
+
+    # `random_number` does not appear in representation
+    print(repr(square))
+    #> Square(width=1.3, area=1.69)
+
+    print(square.random_number)
+    #> 3
+
+    square.area = 4
+
+    print(square.model_dump_json(by_alias=True))
+    #> {"width":2.0,"area":4.0,"the magic number":3}
+    ```
+
+    !!! warning "Overriding with `computed_field`"
+        You can't override a field from a parent class with a `computed_field` in the child class.
+        `mypy` complains about this behavior if allowed, and `dataclasses` doesn't allow this pattern either.
+        See the example below:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Parent(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+
+    try:
+
+        class Child(Parent):
+            @computed_field
+            @property
+            def a(self) -> str:
+                return 'new a'
+
+    except TypeError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        Field 'a' of class 'Child' overrides symbol of same name in a parent class. This override with a computed_field is incompatible.
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    Private properties decorated with `@computed_field` have `repr=False` by default.
+
+    ```python
+    from functools import cached_property
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        foo: int
+
+        @computed_field
+        @cached_property
+        def _private_cached_property(self) -> int:
+            return -self.foo
+
+        @computed_field
+        @property
+        def _private_property(self) -> int:
+            return -self.foo
+
+    m = Model(foo=1)
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> Model(foo=1)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        func: the function to wrap.
+        alias: alias to use when serializing this computed field, only used when `by_alias=True`
+        alias_priority: priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used
+        exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude this computed field during serialization based on its value.
+        title: Title to use when including this computed field in JSON Schema
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: Description to use when including this computed field in JSON Schema, defaults to the function's
+            docstring
+        deprecated: A deprecation message (or an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport).
+            to be emitted when accessing the field. Or a boolean. This will automatically be set if the property is decorated with the
+            `deprecated` decorator.
+        examples: Example values to use when including this computed field in JSON Schema
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        repr: whether to include this computed field in model repr.
+            Default is `False` for private properties and `True` for public properties.
+        return_type: optional return for serialization logic to expect when serializing to JSON, if included
+            this must be correct, otherwise a `TypeError` is raised.
+            If you don't include a return type Any is used, which does runtime introspection to handle arbitrary
+            objects.
+
+    Returns:
+        A proxy wrapper for the property.
+    """
+
+    def dec(f: Any) -> Any:
+        nonlocal description, deprecated, return_type, alias_priority
+        unwrapped = _decorators.unwrap_wrapped_function(f)
+
+        if description is None and unwrapped.__doc__:
+            description = inspect.cleandoc(unwrapped.__doc__)
+
+        if deprecated is None and hasattr(unwrapped, '__deprecated__'):
+            deprecated = unwrapped.__deprecated__
+
+        # if the function isn't already decorated with `@property` (or another descriptor), then we wrap it now
+        f = _decorators.ensure_property(f)
+        alias_priority = (alias_priority or 2) if alias is not None else None
+
+        if repr is None:
+            repr_: bool = not _wrapped_property_is_private(property_=f)
+        else:
+            repr_ = repr
+
+        dec_info = ComputedFieldInfo(
+            f,
+            return_type,
+            alias,
+            alias_priority,
+            exclude_if,
+            title,
+            field_title_generator,
+            description,
+            deprecated,
+            examples,
+            json_schema_extra,
+            repr_,
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    if func is None:
+        return dec
+    else:
+        return dec(func)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_serializers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_serializers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed63336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_serializers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+"""This module contains related classes and functions for serialization."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from functools import partial, partialmethod
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, overload
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, core_schema
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import SerializationInfo, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, WhenUsed
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+
+from . import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from ._internal import _decorators, _internal_dataclass
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class PlainSerializer:
+    """Plain serializers use a function to modify the output of serialization.
+
+    This is particularly helpful when you want to customize the serialization for annotated types.
+    Consider an input of `list`, which will be serialized into a space-delimited string.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, PlainSerializer
+
+    CustomStr = Annotated[
+        list, PlainSerializer(lambda x: ' '.join(x), return_type=str)
+    ]
+
+    class StudentModel(BaseModel):
+        courses: CustomStr
+
+    student = StudentModel(courses=['Math', 'Chemistry', 'English'])
+    print(student.model_dump())
+    #> {'courses': 'Math Chemistry English'}
+    ```
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The serializer function.
+        return_type: The return type for the function. If omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+        when_used: Determines when this serializer should be used. Accepts a string with values `'always'`,
+            `'unless-none'`, `'json'`, and `'json-unless-none'`. Defaults to 'always'.
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.SerializerFunction
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always'
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Gets the Pydantic core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: The source type.
+            handler: The `GetCoreSchemaHandler` instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            The Pydantic core schema.
+        """
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        if self.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+            return_type = self.return_type
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                    self.func,
+                    localns=handler._get_types_namespace().locals,
+                )
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+        return_schema = None if return_type is PydanticUndefined else handler.generate_schema(return_type)
+        schema['serialization'] = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            function=self.func,
+            info_arg=_decorators.inspect_annotated_serializer(self.func, 'plain'),
+            return_schema=return_schema,
+            when_used=self.when_used,
+        )
+        return schema
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class WrapSerializer:
+    """Wrap serializers receive the raw inputs along with a handler function that applies the standard serialization
+    logic, and can modify the resulting value before returning it as the final output of serialization.
+
+    For example, here's a scenario in which a wrap serializer transforms timezones to UTC **and** utilizes the existing `datetime` serialization logic.
+
+    ```python
+    from datetime import datetime, timezone
+    from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, WrapSerializer
+
+    class EventDatetime(BaseModel):
+        start: datetime
+        end: datetime
+
+    def convert_to_utc(value: Any, handler, info) -> dict[str, datetime]:
+        # Note that `handler` can actually help serialize the `value` for
+        # further custom serialization in case it's a subclass.
+        partial_result = handler(value, info)
+        if info.mode == 'json':
+            return {
+                k: datetime.fromisoformat(v).astimezone(timezone.utc)
+                for k, v in partial_result.items()
+            }
+        return {k: v.astimezone(timezone.utc) for k, v in partial_result.items()}
+
+    UTCEventDatetime = Annotated[EventDatetime, WrapSerializer(convert_to_utc)]
+
+    class EventModel(BaseModel):
+        event_datetime: UTCEventDatetime
+
+    dt = EventDatetime(
+        start='2024-01-01T07:00:00-08:00', end='2024-01-03T20:00:00+06:00'
+    )
+    event = EventModel(event_datetime=dt)
+    print(event.model_dump())
+    '''
+    {
+        'event_datetime': {
+            'start': datetime.datetime(
+                2024, 1, 1, 15, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+            'end': datetime.datetime(
+                2024, 1, 3, 14, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+    '''
+
+    print(event.model_dump_json())
+    '''
+    {"event_datetime":{"start":"2024-01-01T15:00:00Z","end":"2024-01-03T14:00:00Z"}}
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The serializer function to be wrapped.
+        return_type: The return type for the function. If omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+        when_used: Determines when this serializer should be used. Accepts a string with values `'always'`,
+            `'unless-none'`, `'json'`, and `'json-unless-none'`. Defaults to 'always'.
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.WrapSerializerFunction
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always'
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """This method is used to get the Pydantic core schema of the class.
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: Source type.
+            handler: Core schema handler.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated core schema of the class.
+        """
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        if self.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+            return_type = self.return_type
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                    self.func,
+                    localns=handler._get_types_namespace().locals,
+                )
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+        return_schema = None if return_type is PydanticUndefined else handler.generate_schema(return_type)
+        schema['serialization'] = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            function=self.func,
+            info_arg=_decorators.inspect_annotated_serializer(self.func, 'wrap'),
+            return_schema=return_schema,
+            when_used=self.when_used,
+        )
+        return schema
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    _Partial: TypeAlias = 'partial[Any] | partialmethod[Any]'
+
+    FieldPlainSerializer: TypeAlias = 'core_schema.SerializerFunction | _Partial'
+    """A field serializer method or function in `plain` mode."""
+
+    FieldWrapSerializer: TypeAlias = 'core_schema.WrapSerializerFunction | _Partial'
+    """A field serializer method or function in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    FieldSerializer: TypeAlias = 'FieldPlainSerializer | FieldWrapSerializer'
+    """A field serializer method or function."""
+
+    _FieldPlainSerializerT = TypeVar('_FieldPlainSerializerT', bound=FieldPlainSerializer)
+    _FieldWrapSerializerT = TypeVar('_FieldWrapSerializerT', bound=FieldWrapSerializer)
+
+
+@overload
+def field_serializer(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['wrap'],
+    return_type: Any = ...,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = ...,
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_FieldWrapSerializerT], _FieldWrapSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def field_serializer(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['plain'] = ...,
+    return_type: Any = ...,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = ...,
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_FieldPlainSerializerT], _FieldPlainSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+def field_serializer(  # noqa: D417
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap'] = 'plain',
+    # TODO PEP 747 (grep for 'return_type' on the whole code base):
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+    check_fields: bool | None = None,
+) -> (
+    Callable[[_FieldWrapSerializerT], _FieldWrapSerializerT]
+    | Callable[[_FieldPlainSerializerT], _FieldPlainSerializerT]
+):
+    """Decorator that enables custom field serialization.
+
+    In the below example, a field of type `set` is used to mitigate duplication. A `field_serializer` is used to serialize the data as a sorted list.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, field_serializer
+
+    class StudentModel(BaseModel):
+        name: str = 'Jane'
+        courses: set[str]
+
+        @field_serializer('courses', when_used='json')
+        def serialize_courses_in_order(self, courses: set[str]):
+            return sorted(courses)
+
+    student = StudentModel(courses={'Math', 'Chemistry', 'English'})
+    print(student.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"name":"Jane","courses":["Chemistry","English","Math"]}
+    ```
+
+    See [the usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializers) for more information.
+
+    Four signatures are supported for the decorated serializer:
+
+    - `(self, value: Any, info: FieldSerializationInfo)`
+    - `(self, value: Any, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: FieldSerializationInfo)`
+    - `(value: Any, info: SerializationInfo)`
+    - `(value: Any, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo)`
+
+    Args:
+        *fields: The field names the serializer should apply to.
+        mode: The serialization mode.
+
+            - `plain` means the function will be called instead of the default serialization logic,
+            - `wrap` means the function will be called with an argument to optionally call the
+               default serialization logic.
+        return_type: Optional return type for the function, if omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+        when_used: Determines the serializer will be used for serialization.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If the decorator is used without any arguments (at least one field name must be provided).
+            - If the provided field names are not strings.
+    """
+    if callable(field) or isinstance(field, classmethod):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The `@field_serializer` decorator cannot be used without arguments, at least one field must be provided. '
+            "For example: `@field_serializer('<field_name>', ...)`.",
+            code='decorator-missing-arguments',
+        )
+
+    fields = field, *fields
+    if not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The provided field names to the `@field_serializer` decorator should be strings. '
+            "For example: `@field_serializer('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...).`",
+            code='decorator-invalid-fields',
+        )
+
+    def dec(f: FieldSerializer) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        dec_info = _decorators.FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo(
+            fields=fields,
+            mode=mode,
+            return_type=return_type,
+            when_used=when_used,
+            check_fields=check_fields,
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+    return dec  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # The first argument in the following callables represent the `self` type:
+
+    ModelPlainSerializerWithInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+    """A model serializer method with the `info` argument, in `plain` mode."""
+
+    ModelPlainSerializerWithoutInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any], Any]
+    """A model serializer method without the `info` argument, in `plain` mode."""
+
+    ModelPlainSerializer: TypeAlias = 'ModelPlainSerializerWithInfo | ModelPlainSerializerWithoutInfo'
+    """A model serializer method in `plain` mode."""
+
+    ModelWrapSerializerWithInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+    """A model serializer method with the `info` argument, in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    ModelWrapSerializerWithoutInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+    """A model serializer method without the `info` argument, in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    ModelWrapSerializer: TypeAlias = 'ModelWrapSerializerWithInfo | ModelWrapSerializerWithoutInfo'
+    """A model serializer method in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    ModelSerializer: TypeAlias = 'ModelPlainSerializer | ModelWrapSerializer'
+
+    _ModelPlainSerializerT = TypeVar('_ModelPlainSerializerT', bound=ModelPlainSerializer)
+    _ModelWrapSerializerT = TypeVar('_ModelWrapSerializerT', bound=ModelWrapSerializer)
+
+
+@overload
+def model_serializer(f: _ModelPlainSerializerT, /) -> _ModelPlainSerializerT: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_serializer(
+    *, mode: Literal['wrap'], when_used: WhenUsed = 'always', return_type: Any = ...
+) -> Callable[[_ModelWrapSerializerT], _ModelWrapSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_serializer(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['plain'] = ...,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+    return_type: Any = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_ModelPlainSerializerT], _ModelPlainSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+def model_serializer(
+    f: _ModelPlainSerializerT | _ModelWrapSerializerT | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap'] = 'plain',
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> (
+    _ModelPlainSerializerT
+    | Callable[[_ModelWrapSerializerT], _ModelWrapSerializerT]
+    | Callable[[_ModelPlainSerializerT], _ModelPlainSerializerT]
+):
+    """Decorator that enables custom model serialization.
+
+    This is useful when a model need to be serialized in a customized manner, allowing for flexibility beyond just specific fields.
+
+    An example would be to serialize temperature to the same temperature scale, such as degrees Celsius.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, model_serializer
+
+    class TemperatureModel(BaseModel):
+        unit: Literal['C', 'F']
+        value: int
+
+        @model_serializer()
+        def serialize_model(self):
+            if self.unit == 'F':
+                return {'unit': 'C', 'value': int((self.value - 32) / 1.8)}
+            return {'unit': self.unit, 'value': self.value}
+
+    temperature = TemperatureModel(unit='F', value=212)
+    print(temperature.model_dump())
+    #> {'unit': 'C', 'value': 100}
+    ```
+
+    Two signatures are supported for `mode='plain'`, which is the default:
+
+    - `(self)`
+    - `(self, info: SerializationInfo)`
+
+    And two other signatures for `mode='wrap'`:
+
+    - `(self, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler)`
+    - `(self, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo)`
+
+        See [the usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializers) for more information.
+
+    Args:
+        f: The function to be decorated.
+        mode: The serialization mode.
+
+            - `'plain'` means the function will be called instead of the default serialization logic
+            - `'wrap'` means the function will be called with an argument to optionally call the default
+                serialization logic.
+        when_used: Determines when this serializer should be used.
+        return_type: The return type for the function. If omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decorator function.
+    """
+
+    def dec(f: ModelSerializer) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        dec_info = _decorators.ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo(mode=mode, return_type=return_type, when_used=when_used)
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    if f is None:
+        return dec  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+    else:
+        return dec(f)  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SerializeAsAny = Annotated[AnyType, ...]  # SerializeAsAny[list[str]] will be treated by type checkers as list[str]
+    """Annotation used to mark a type as having duck-typing serialization behavior.
+
+    See [usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializing-with-duck-typing) for more details.
+    """
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class SerializeAsAny:
+        """Annotation used to mark a type as having duck-typing serialization behavior.
+
+        See [usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializing-with-duck-typing) for more details.
+        """
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> Any:
+            return Annotated[item, SerializeAsAny()]
+
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            schema = handler(source_type)
+            schema_to_update = schema
+            while schema_to_update['type'] == 'definitions':
+                schema_to_update = schema_to_update.copy()
+                schema_to_update = schema_to_update['schema']
+            schema_to_update['serialization'] = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('any')
+            return schema
+
+        __hash__ = object.__hash__
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..558e99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,889 @@
+"""This module contains related classes and functions for validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import sys
+import warnings
+from functools import partialmethod
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, cast, overload
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias
+
+from ._internal import _decorators, _generics, _internal_dataclass
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .version import version_short
+from .warnings import ArbitraryTypeWarning, PydanticDeprecatedSince212
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import Protocol
+else:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+_inspect_validator = _decorators.inspect_validator
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AfterValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *after* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-after-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **after** the inner validation logic.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic import AfterValidator, BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+        MyInt = Annotated[int, AfterValidator(lambda v: v + 1)]
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: MyInt
+
+        print(Model(a=1).a)
+        #> 2
+
+        try:
+            Model(a='a')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e.json(indent=2))
+            '''
+            [
+              {
+                "type": "int_parsing",
+                "loc": [
+                  "a"
+                ],
+                "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
+                "input": "a",
+                "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/int_parsing"
+              }
+            ]
+            '''
+        ```
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='after', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(func, schema=schema)
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(func, schema=schema)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(func=decorator.func)
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class BeforeValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *before* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-before-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **before** the inner validation logic.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type used to generate the appropriate
+            JSON Schema (in validation mode). The actual input type is `Any`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, BeforeValidator
+
+        MyInt = Annotated[int, BeforeValidator(lambda v: v + 1)]
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: MyInt
+
+        print(Model(a=1).a)
+        #> 2
+
+        try:
+            Model(a='a')
+        except TypeError as e:
+            print(e)
+            #> can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
+        ```
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        input_schema = (
+            None
+            if self.json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined
+            else handler.generate_schema(self.json_schema_input_type)
+        )
+
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='before', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(
+                func,
+                schema=schema,
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(
+                func, schema=schema, json_schema_input_schema=input_schema
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            func=decorator.func,
+            json_schema_input_type=decorator.info.json_schema_input_type,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class PlainValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *plain* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-plain-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **instead** of the inner validation logic.
+
+    !!! note
+        Before v2.9, `PlainValidator` wasn't always compatible with JSON Schema generation for `mode='validation'`.
+        You can now use the `json_schema_input_type` argument to specify the input type of the function
+        to be used in the JSON schema when `mode='validation'` (the default). See the example below for more details.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type used to generate the appropriate
+            JSON Schema (in validation mode). The actual input type is `Any`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated, Union
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, PlainValidator
+
+        def validate(v: object) -> int:
+            if not isinstance(v, (int, str)):
+                raise ValueError(f'Expected int or str, got {type(v)}')
+
+            return int(v) + 1
+
+        MyInt = Annotated[
+            int,
+            PlainValidator(validate, json_schema_input_type=Union[str, int]),  # (1)!
+        ]
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: MyInt
+
+        print(Model(a='1').a)
+        #> 2
+
+        print(Model(a=1).a)
+        #> 2
+        ```
+
+        1. In this example, we've specified the `json_schema_input_type` as `Union[str, int]` which indicates to the JSON schema
+        generator that in validation mode, the input type for the `a` field can be either a [`str`][] or an [`int`][].
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = Any
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        # Note that for some valid uses of PlainValidator, it is not possible to generate a core schema for the
+        # source_type, so calling `handler(source_type)` will error, which prevents us from generating a proper
+        # serialization schema. To work around this for use cases that will not involve serialization, we simply
+        # catch any PydanticSchemaGenerationError that may be raised while attempting to build the serialization schema
+        # and abort any attempts to handle special serialization.
+        from pydantic import PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+
+        try:
+            schema = handler(source_type)
+            # TODO if `schema['serialization']` is one of `'include-exclude-dict/sequence',
+            # schema validation will fail. That's why we use 'type ignore' comments below.
+            serialization = schema.get(
+                'serialization',
+                core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    function=lambda v, h: h(v),
+                    schema=schema,
+                    return_schema=handler.generate_schema(source_type),
+                ),
+            )
+        except PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+            serialization = None
+
+        input_schema = handler.generate_schema(self.json_schema_input_type)
+
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='plain', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(
+                func,
+                serialization=serialization,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                func,
+                serialization=serialization,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            func=decorator.func,
+            json_schema_input_type=decorator.info.json_schema_input_type,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class WrapValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *wrap* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-wrap-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **around** the inner validation logic.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type used to generate the appropriate
+            JSON Schema (in validation mode). The actual input type is `Any`.
+
+    ```python
+    from datetime import datetime
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, WrapValidator
+
+    def validate_timestamp(v, handler):
+        if v == 'now':
+            # we don't want to bother with further validation, just return the new value
+            return datetime.now()
+        try:
+            return handler(v)
+        except ValidationError:
+            # validation failed, in this case we want to return a default value
+            return datetime(2000, 1, 1)
+
+    MyTimestamp = Annotated[datetime, WrapValidator(validate_timestamp)]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: MyTimestamp
+
+    print(Model(a='now').a)
+    #> 2032-01-02 03:04:05.000006
+    print(Model(a='invalid').a)
+    #> 2000-01-01 00:00:00
+    ```
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        input_schema = (
+            None
+            if self.json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined
+            else handler.generate_schema(self.json_schema_input_type)
+        )
+
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='wrap', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                func,
+                schema=schema,
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                func,
+                schema=schema,
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            func=decorator.func,
+            json_schema_input_type=decorator.info.json_schema_input_type,
+        )
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, cls: Any, value: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V2ValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, cls: Any, value: Any, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any], /) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _OnlyValueWrapValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, cls: Any, value: Any, handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V2WrapValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(
+            self,
+            cls: Any,
+            value: Any,
+            handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+            info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any],
+            /,
+        ) -> Any: ...
+
+    _V2Validator = Union[
+        _V2ValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+        _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    ]
+
+    _V2WrapValidator = Union[
+        _V2WrapValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+        _OnlyValueWrapValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+    ]
+
+    _PartialClsOrStaticMethod: TypeAlias = Union[classmethod[Any, Any, Any], staticmethod[Any, Any], partialmethod[Any]]
+
+    _V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType = TypeVar(
+        '_V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType',
+        bound=Union[_V2Validator, _PartialClsOrStaticMethod],
+    )
+    _V2WrapValidatorType = TypeVar('_V2WrapValidatorType', bound=Union[_V2WrapValidator, _PartialClsOrStaticMethod])
+
+FieldValidatorModes: TypeAlias = Literal['before', 'after', 'wrap', 'plain']
+
+
+@overload
+def field_validator(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['wrap'],
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_V2WrapValidatorType], _V2WrapValidatorType]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def field_validator(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['before', 'plain'],
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType], _V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def field_validator(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['after'] = ...,
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType], _V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType]: ...
+
+
+def field_validator(  # noqa: D417
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: FieldValidatorModes = 'after',
+    check_fields: bool | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-validators)
+
+    Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields.
+
+    Example usage:
+    ```python
+    from typing import Any
+
+    from pydantic import (
+        BaseModel,
+        ValidationError,
+        field_validator,
+    )
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+
+        @field_validator('a')
+        @classmethod
+        def ensure_foobar(cls, v: Any):
+            if 'foobar' not in v:
+                raise ValueError('"foobar" not found in a')
+            return v
+
+    print(repr(Model(a='this is foobar good')))
+    #> Model(a='this is foobar good')
+
+    try:
+        Model(a='snap')
+    except ValidationError as exc_info:
+        print(exc_info)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        a
+          Value error, "foobar" not found in a [type=value_error, input_value='snap', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    For more in depth examples, see [Field Validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-validators).
+
+    Args:
+        *fields: The field names the validator should apply to.
+        mode: Specifies whether to validate the fields before or after validation.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type of the function. This is only used to generate
+            the appropriate JSON Schema (in validation mode) and can only specified
+            when `mode` is either `'before'`, `'plain'` or `'wrap'`.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If the decorator is used without any arguments (at least one field name must be provided).
+            - If the provided field names are not strings.
+            - If `json_schema_input_type` is provided with an unsupported `mode`.
+            - If the decorator is applied to an instance method.
+    """
+    if callable(field) or isinstance(field, classmethod):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The `@field_validator` decorator cannot be used without arguments, at least one field must be provided. '
+            "For example: `@field_validator('<field_name>', ...)`.",
+            code='decorator-missing-arguments',
+        )
+
+    if mode not in ('before', 'plain', 'wrap') and json_schema_input_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f"`json_schema_input_type` can't be used when mode is set to {mode!r}",
+            code='validator-input-type',
+        )
+
+    if json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined and mode == 'plain':
+        json_schema_input_type = Any
+
+    fields = field, *fields
+    if not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The provided field names to the `@field_validator` decorator should be strings. '
+            "For example: `@field_validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...).`",
+            code='decorator-invalid-fields',
+        )
+
+    def dec(
+        f: Callable[..., Any] | staticmethod[Any, Any] | classmethod[Any, Any, Any],
+    ) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'The `@field_validator` decorator cannot be applied to instance methods',
+                code='validator-instance-method',
+            )
+
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
+        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+
+        dec_info = _decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo(
+            fields=fields, mode=mode, check_fields=check_fields, json_schema_input_type=json_schema_input_type
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    return dec
+
+
+_ModelType = TypeVar('_ModelType')
+_ModelTypeCo = TypeVar('_ModelTypeCo', covariant=True)
+
+
+class ModelWrapValidatorHandler(core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, Protocol[_ModelTypeCo]):
+    """`@model_validator` decorated function handler argument type. This is used when `mode='wrap'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        outer_location: str | int | None = None,
+        /,
+    ) -> _ModelTypeCo:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+class ModelWrapValidatorWithoutInfo(Protocol[_ModelType]):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature.
+    This is used when `mode='wrap'` and the function does not have info argument.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: type[_ModelType],
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        handler: ModelWrapValidatorHandler[_ModelType],
+        /,
+    ) -> _ModelType: ...
+
+
+class ModelWrapValidator(Protocol[_ModelType]):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='wrap'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: type[_ModelType],
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        handler: ModelWrapValidatorHandler[_ModelType],
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo,
+        /,
+    ) -> _ModelType: ...
+
+
+class FreeModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature.
+    This is used when `mode='before'` and the function does not have info argument.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class ModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature.
+    This is used when `mode='before'` and the function does not have info argument.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: Any,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class FreeModelBeforeValidator(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='before'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any],
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class ModelBeforeValidator(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='before'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: Any,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any],
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+ModelAfterValidatorWithoutInfo = Callable[[_ModelType], _ModelType]
+"""A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='after'` and the function does not
+have info argument.
+"""
+
+ModelAfterValidator = Callable[[_ModelType, core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any]], _ModelType]
+"""A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='after'`."""
+
+_AnyModelWrapValidator = Union[ModelWrapValidator[_ModelType], ModelWrapValidatorWithoutInfo[_ModelType]]
+_AnyModelBeforeValidator = Union[
+    FreeModelBeforeValidator, ModelBeforeValidator, FreeModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo, ModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo
+]
+_AnyModelAfterValidator = Union[ModelAfterValidator[_ModelType], ModelAfterValidatorWithoutInfo[_ModelType]]
+
+
+@overload
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['wrap'],
+) -> Callable[
+    [_AnyModelWrapValidator[_ModelType]], _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[_decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['before'],
+) -> Callable[
+    [_AnyModelBeforeValidator], _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[_decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['after'],
+) -> Callable[
+    [_AnyModelAfterValidator[_ModelType]], _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[_decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]
+]: ...
+
+
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['wrap', 'before', 'after'],
+) -> Any:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Model Validators](../concepts/validators.md#model-validators)
+
+    Decorate model methods for validation purposes.
+
+    Example usage:
+    ```python
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, model_validator
+
+    class Square(BaseModel):
+        width: float
+        height: float
+
+        @model_validator(mode='after')
+        def verify_square(self) -> Self:
+            if self.width != self.height:
+                raise ValueError('width and height do not match')
+            return self
+
+    s = Square(width=1, height=1)
+    print(repr(s))
+    #> Square(width=1.0, height=1.0)
+
+    try:
+        Square(width=1, height=2)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Square
+          Value error, width and height do not match [type=value_error, input_value={'width': 1, 'height': 2}, input_type=dict]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    For more in depth examples, see [Model Validators](../concepts/validators.md#model-validators).
+
+    Args:
+        mode: A required string literal that specifies the validation mode.
+            It can be one of the following: 'wrap', 'before', or 'after'.
+
+    Returns:
+        A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a model validator.
+    """
+
+    def dec(f: Any) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator. NOTE: in V3, do not apply the conversion for 'after' validators:
+        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+        if mode == 'after' and isinstance(f, classmethod):
+            warnings.warn(
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince212,
+                message=(
+                    "Using `@model_validator` with mode='after' on a classmethod is deprecated. Instead, use an instance method. "
+                    f'See the documentation at https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/concepts/validators/#model-after-validator.'
+                ),
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        dec_info = _decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo(mode=mode)
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    return dec
+
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # If we add configurable attributes to IsInstance, we'd probably need to stop hiding it from type checkers like this
+    InstanceOf = Annotated[AnyType, ...]  # `IsInstance[Sequence]` will be recognized by type checkers as `Sequence`
+
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class InstanceOf:
+        '''Generic type for annotating a type that is an instance of a given class.
+
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, InstanceOf
+
+            class Foo:
+                ...
+
+            class Bar(BaseModel):
+                foo: InstanceOf[Foo]
+
+            Bar(foo=Foo())
+            try:
+                Bar(foo=42)
+            except ValidationError as e:
+                print(e)
+                """
+                [
+                │   {
+                │   │   'type': 'is_instance_of',
+                │   │   'loc': ('foo',),
+                │   │   'msg': 'Input should be an instance of Foo',
+                │   │   'input': 42,
+                │   │   'ctx': {'class': 'Foo'},
+                │   │   'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/0.38.0/v/is_instance_of'
+                │   }
+                ]
+                """
+            ```
+        '''
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            from pydantic._internal._generate_schema import GENERATE_SCHEMA_ERRORS
+
+            # use the generic _origin_ as the second argument to isinstance when appropriate
+            instance_of_schema = core_schema.is_instance_schema(_generics.get_origin(source) or source)
+
+            try:
+                # Try to generate the "standard" schema, which will be used when loading from JSON
+                original_schema = handler(source)
+            except GENERATE_SCHEMA_ERRORS:
+                # If that fails, just produce a schema that can validate from python
+                return instance_of_schema
+            else:
+                # Use the "original" approach to serialization
+                instance_of_schema['serialization'] = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    function=lambda v, h: h(v), schema=original_schema
+                )
+                return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(python_schema=instance_of_schema, json_schema=original_schema)
+
+        __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SkipValidation = Annotated[AnyType, ...]  # SkipValidation[list[str]] will be treated by type checkers as list[str]
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class SkipValidation:
+        """If this is applied as an annotation (e.g., via `x: Annotated[int, SkipValidation]`), validation will be
+            skipped. You can also use `SkipValidation[int]` as a shorthand for `Annotated[int, SkipValidation]`.
+
+        This can be useful if you want to use a type annotation for documentation/IDE/type-checking purposes,
+        and know that it is safe to skip validation for one or more of the fields.
+
+        Because this converts the validation schema to `any_schema`, subsequent annotation-applied transformations
+        may not have the expected effects. Therefore, when used, this annotation should generally be the final
+        annotation applied to a type.
+        """
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> Any:
+            return Annotated[item, SkipValidation()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', ArbitraryTypeWarning)
+                original_schema = handler(source)
+            metadata = {'pydantic_js_annotation_functions': [lambda _c, h: h(original_schema)]}
+            return core_schema.any_schema(
+                metadata=metadata,
+                serialization=core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    function=lambda v, h: h(v), schema=original_schema
+                ),
+            )
+
+        __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+_FromTypeT = TypeVar('_FromTypeT')
+
+
+class ValidateAs:
+    """A helper class to validate a custom type from a type that is natively supported by Pydantic.
+
+    Args:
+        from_type: The type natively supported by Pydantic to use to perform validation.
+        instantiation_hook: A callable taking the validated type as an argument, and returning
+            the populated custom type.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {lint="skip"}
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, TypeAdapter, ValidateAs
+
+        class MyCls:
+            def __init__(self, a: int) -> None:
+                self.a = a
+
+            def __repr__(self) -> str:
+                return f"MyCls(a={self.a})"
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: int
+
+
+        ta = TypeAdapter(
+            Annotated[MyCls, ValidateAs(Model, lambda v: MyCls(a=v.a))]
+        )
+
+        print(ta.validate_python({'a': 1}))
+        #> MyCls(a=1)
+        ```
+    """
+
+    # TODO: make use of PEP 747
+    def __init__(self, from_type: type[_FromTypeT], /, instantiation_hook: Callable[[_FromTypeT], Any]) -> None:
+        self.from_type = from_type
+        self.instantiation_hook = instantiation_hook
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(self.from_type)
+        return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+            self.instantiation_hook,
+            schema=schema,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/generics.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/generics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f1070d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/generics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `generics` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcaff9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `json` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json_schema.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b21fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2911 @@
+"""!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+    [JSON Schema](../concepts/json_schema.md)
+
+The `json_schema` module contains classes and functions to allow the way [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/)
+is generated to be customized.
+
+In general you shouldn't need to use this module directly; instead, you can use
+[`BaseModel.model_json_schema`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_json_schema] and
+[`TypeAdapter.json_schema`][pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema].
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import math
+import os
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Hashable, Iterable, Sequence
+from copy import deepcopy
+from enum import Enum
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Literal,
+    NewType,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import pydantic_core
+from pydantic_core import MISSING, CoreSchema, PydanticOmit, core_schema, to_jsonable_python
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import ComputedField
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, assert_never, deprecated, final
+from typing_inspection.introspection import get_literal_values
+
+from pydantic.warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince26, PydanticDeprecatedSince29
+
+from ._internal import (
+    _config,
+    _core_metadata,
+    _core_utils,
+    _decorators,
+    _internal_dataclass,
+    _mock_val_ser,
+    _schema_generation_shared,
+    _typing_extra,
+)
+from .annotated_handlers import GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .config import JsonDict, JsonValue
+from .errors import PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema, PydanticSchemaGenerationError, PydanticUserError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import ConfigDict
+    from ._internal._core_utils import CoreSchemaField, CoreSchemaOrField
+    from ._internal._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from ._internal._schema_generation_shared import GetJsonSchemaFunction
+    from .main import BaseModel
+
+
+CoreSchemaOrFieldType = Literal[core_schema.CoreSchemaType, core_schema.CoreSchemaFieldType]
+"""
+A type alias for defined schema types that represents a union of
+`core_schema.CoreSchemaType` and
+`core_schema.CoreSchemaFieldType`.
+"""
+
+JsonSchemaValue = dict[str, Any]
+"""
+A type alias for a JSON schema value. This is a dictionary of string keys to arbitrary JSON values.
+"""
+
+JsonSchemaMode = Literal['validation', 'serialization']
+"""
+A type alias that represents the mode of a JSON schema; either 'validation' or 'serialization'.
+
+For some types, the inputs to validation differ from the outputs of serialization. For example,
+computed fields will only be present when serializing, and should not be provided when
+validating. This flag provides a way to indicate whether you want the JSON schema required
+for validation inputs, or that will be matched by serialization outputs.
+"""
+
+_MODE_TITLE_MAPPING: dict[JsonSchemaMode, str] = {'validation': 'Input', 'serialization': 'Output'}
+
+
+JsonSchemaWarningKind = Literal['skipped-choice', 'non-serializable-default', 'skipped-discriminator']
+"""
+A type alias representing the kinds of warnings that can be emitted during JSON schema generation.
+
+See [`GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message`][pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message]
+for more details.
+"""
+
+
+class PydanticJsonSchemaWarning(UserWarning):
+    """This class is used to emit warnings produced during JSON schema generation.
+    See the [`GenerateJsonSchema.emit_warning`][pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema.emit_warning] and
+    [`GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message`][pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message]
+    methods for more details; these can be overridden to control warning behavior.
+    """
+
+
+NoDefault = object()
+"""A sentinel value used to indicate that no default value should be used when generating a JSON Schema
+for a core schema with a default value.
+"""
+
+
+# ##### JSON Schema Generation #####
+DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE = '#/$defs/{model}'
+"""The default format string used to generate reference names."""
+
+# There are three types of references relevant to building JSON schemas:
+#   1. core_schema "ref" values; these are not exposed as part of the JSON schema
+#       * these might look like the fully qualified path of a model, its id, or something similar
+CoreRef = NewType('CoreRef', str)
+#   2. keys of the "definitions" object that will eventually go into the JSON schema
+#       * by default, these look like "MyModel", though may change in the presence of collisions
+#       * eventually, we may want to make it easier to modify the way these names are generated
+DefsRef = NewType('DefsRef', str)
+#   3. the values corresponding to the "$ref" key in the schema
+#       * By default, these look like "#/$defs/MyModel", as in {"$ref": "#/$defs/MyModel"}
+JsonRef = NewType('JsonRef', str)
+
+CoreModeRef = tuple[CoreRef, JsonSchemaMode]
+JsonSchemaKeyT = TypeVar('JsonSchemaKeyT', bound=Hashable)
+
+_PRIMITIVE_JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('string', 'boolean', 'null', 'integer', 'number')
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class _DefinitionsRemapping:
+    defs_remapping: dict[DefsRef, DefsRef]
+    json_remapping: dict[JsonRef, JsonRef]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_prioritized_choices(
+        prioritized_choices: dict[DefsRef, list[DefsRef]],
+        defs_to_json: dict[DefsRef, JsonRef],
+        definitions: dict[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue],
+    ) -> _DefinitionsRemapping:
+        """
+        This function should produce a remapping that replaces complex DefsRef with the simpler ones from the
+        prioritized_choices such that applying the name remapping would result in an equivalent JSON schema.
+        """
+        # We need to iteratively simplify the definitions until we reach a fixed point.
+        # The reason for this is that outer definitions may reference inner definitions that get simplified
+        # into an equivalent reference, and the outer definitions won't be equivalent until we've simplified
+        # the inner definitions.
+        copied_definitions = deepcopy(definitions)
+        definitions_schema = {'$defs': copied_definitions}
+        for _iter in range(100):  # prevent an infinite loop in the case of a bug, 100 iterations should be enough
+            # For every possible remapped DefsRef, collect all schemas that DefsRef might be used for:
+            schemas_for_alternatives: dict[DefsRef, list[JsonSchemaValue]] = defaultdict(list)
+            for defs_ref in copied_definitions:
+                alternatives = prioritized_choices[defs_ref]
+                for alternative in alternatives:
+                    schemas_for_alternatives[alternative].append(copied_definitions[defs_ref])
+
+            # Deduplicate the schemas for each alternative; the idea is that we only want to remap to a new DefsRef
+            # if it introduces no ambiguity, i.e., there is only one distinct schema for that DefsRef.
+            for defs_ref in schemas_for_alternatives:
+                schemas_for_alternatives[defs_ref] = _deduplicate_schemas(schemas_for_alternatives[defs_ref])
+
+            # Build the remapping
+            defs_remapping: dict[DefsRef, DefsRef] = {}
+            json_remapping: dict[JsonRef, JsonRef] = {}
+            for original_defs_ref in definitions:
+                alternatives = prioritized_choices[original_defs_ref]
+                # Pick the first alternative that has only one schema, since that means there is no collision
+                remapped_defs_ref = next(x for x in alternatives if len(schemas_for_alternatives[x]) == 1)
+                defs_remapping[original_defs_ref] = remapped_defs_ref
+
+                # Map all alternatives after the remapped one to the remapped one
+                # This ensures that intermediate simplifications are also remapped
+                remapped_index = alternatives.index(remapped_defs_ref)
+                for alt in alternatives[remapped_index:]:
+                    json_remapping[defs_to_json[alt]] = defs_to_json[remapped_defs_ref]
+            remapping = _DefinitionsRemapping(defs_remapping, json_remapping)
+            new_definitions_schema = remapping.remap_json_schema({'$defs': copied_definitions})
+            if definitions_schema == new_definitions_schema:
+                # We've reached the fixed point
+                return remapping
+            definitions_schema = new_definitions_schema
+
+        raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema('Failed to simplify the JSON schema definitions')
+
+    def remap_defs_ref(self, ref: DefsRef) -> DefsRef:
+        return self.defs_remapping.get(ref, ref)
+
+    def remap_json_ref(self, ref: JsonRef) -> JsonRef:
+        return self.json_remapping.get(ref, ref)
+
+    def remap_json_schema(self, schema: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Recursively update the JSON schema replacing all $refs
+        """
+        if isinstance(schema, str):
+            # Note: this may not really be a JsonRef; we rely on having no collisions between JsonRefs and other strings
+            return self.remap_json_ref(JsonRef(schema))
+        elif isinstance(schema, list):
+            return [self.remap_json_schema(item) for item in schema]
+        elif isinstance(schema, dict):
+            for key, value in schema.items():
+                if key == '$ref' and isinstance(value, str):
+                    schema['$ref'] = self.remap_json_ref(JsonRef(value))
+                elif key == '$defs':
+                    schema['$defs'] = {
+                        self.remap_defs_ref(DefsRef(key)): self.remap_json_schema(value)
+                        for key, value in schema['$defs'].items()
+                    }
+                else:
+                    schema[key] = self.remap_json_schema(value)
+        return schema
+
+
+class GenerateJsonSchema:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Customizing the JSON Schema Generation Process](../concepts/json_schema.md#customizing-the-json-schema-generation-process)
+
+    A class for generating JSON schemas.
+
+    This class generates JSON schemas based on configured parameters. The default schema dialect
+    is [https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema).
+    The class uses `by_alias` to configure how fields with
+    multiple names are handled and `ref_template` to format reference names.
+
+    Attributes:
+        schema_dialect: The JSON schema dialect used to generate the schema. See
+            [Declaring a Dialect](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/schema.html#id4)
+            in the JSON Schema documentation for more information about dialects.
+        ignored_warning_kinds: Warnings to ignore when generating the schema. `self.render_warning_message` will
+            do nothing if its argument `kind` is in `ignored_warning_kinds`;
+            this value can be modified on subclasses to easily control which warnings are emitted.
+        by_alias: Whether to use field aliases when generating the schema.
+        ref_template: The format string used when generating reference names.
+        core_to_json_refs: A mapping of core refs to JSON refs.
+        core_to_defs_refs: A mapping of core refs to definition refs.
+        defs_to_core_refs: A mapping of definition refs to core refs.
+        json_to_defs_refs: A mapping of JSON refs to definition refs.
+        definitions: Definitions in the schema.
+
+    Args:
+        by_alias: Whether to use field aliases in the generated schemas.
+        ref_template: The format string to use when generating reference names.
+        union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+              keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+            - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+              keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+              type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+              `any_of`.
+
+    Raises:
+        JsonSchemaError: If the instance of the class is inadvertently reused after generating a schema.
+    """
+
+    schema_dialect = 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema'
+
+    # `self.render_warning_message` will do nothing if its argument `kind` is in `ignored_warning_kinds`;
+    # this value can be modified on subclasses to easily control which warnings are emitted
+    ignored_warning_kinds: set[JsonSchemaWarningKind] = {'skipped-choice'}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    ) -> None:
+        self.by_alias = by_alias
+        self.ref_template = ref_template
+        self.union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = union_format
+
+        self.core_to_json_refs: dict[CoreModeRef, JsonRef] = {}
+        self.core_to_defs_refs: dict[CoreModeRef, DefsRef] = {}
+        self.defs_to_core_refs: dict[DefsRef, CoreModeRef] = {}
+        self.json_to_defs_refs: dict[JsonRef, DefsRef] = {}
+
+        self.definitions: dict[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        self._config_wrapper_stack = _config.ConfigWrapperStack(_config.ConfigWrapper({}))
+
+        self._mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation'
+
+        # The following includes a mapping of a fully-unique defs ref choice to a list of preferred
+        # alternatives, which are generally simpler, such as only including the class name.
+        # At the end of schema generation, we use these to produce a JSON schema with more human-readable
+        # definitions, which would also work better in a generated OpenAPI client, etc.
+        self._prioritized_defsref_choices: dict[DefsRef, list[DefsRef]] = {}
+        self._collision_counter: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self._collision_index: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+        self._schema_type_to_method = self.build_schema_type_to_method()
+
+        # When we encounter definitions we need to try to build them immediately
+        # so that they are available schemas that reference them
+        # But it's possible that CoreSchema was never going to be used
+        # (e.g. because the CoreSchema that references short circuits is JSON schema generation without needing
+        #  the reference) so instead of failing altogether if we can't build a definition we
+        # store the error raised and re-throw it if we end up needing that def
+        self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema: dict[DefsRef, PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema] = {}
+
+        # This changes to True after generating a schema, to prevent issues caused by accidental reuse
+        # of a single instance of a schema generator
+        self._used = False
+
+    @property
+    def _config(self) -> _config.ConfigWrapper:
+        return self._config_wrapper_stack.tail
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> JsonSchemaMode:
+        if self._config.json_schema_mode_override is not None:
+            return self._config.json_schema_mode_override
+        else:
+            return self._mode
+
+    def build_schema_type_to_method(
+        self,
+    ) -> dict[CoreSchemaOrFieldType, Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField], JsonSchemaValue]]:
+        """Builds a dictionary mapping fields to methods for generating JSON schemas.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing the mapping of `CoreSchemaOrFieldType` to a handler method.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If no method has been defined for generating a JSON schema for a given pydantic core schema type.
+        """
+        mapping: dict[CoreSchemaOrFieldType, Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField], JsonSchemaValue]] = {}
+        core_schema_types: list[CoreSchemaOrFieldType] = list(get_literal_values(CoreSchemaOrFieldType))
+        for key in core_schema_types:
+            method_name = f'{key.replace("-", "_")}_schema'
+            try:
+                mapping[key] = getattr(self, method_name)
+            except AttributeError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                if os.getenv('PYDANTIC_PRIVATE_ALLOW_UNHANDLED_SCHEMA_TYPES'):
+                    continue
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'No method for generating JsonSchema for core_schema.type={key!r} '
+                    f'(expected: {type(self).__name__}.{method_name})'
+                ) from e
+        return mapping
+
+    def generate_definitions(
+        self, inputs: Sequence[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode, core_schema.CoreSchema]]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode], JsonSchemaValue], dict[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue]]:
+        """Generates JSON schema definitions from a list of core schemas, pairing the generated definitions with a
+        mapping that links the input keys to the definition references.
+
+        Args:
+            inputs: A sequence of tuples, where:
+
+                - The first element is a JSON schema key type.
+                - The second element is the JSON mode: either 'validation' or 'serialization'.
+                - The third element is a core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple where:
+
+                - The first element is a dictionary whose keys are tuples of JSON schema key type and JSON mode, and
+                    whose values are the JSON schema corresponding to that pair of inputs. (These schemas may have
+                    JsonRef references to definitions that are defined in the second returned element.)
+                - The second element is a dictionary whose keys are definition references for the JSON schemas
+                    from the first returned element, and whose values are the actual JSON schema definitions.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUserError: Raised if the JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self._used:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'This JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema. '
+                f'You must create a new instance of {type(self).__name__} to generate a new JSON schema.',
+                code='json-schema-already-used',
+            )
+
+        for _, mode, schema in inputs:
+            self._mode = mode
+            self.generate_inner(schema)
+
+        definitions_remapping = self._build_definitions_remapping()
+
+        json_schemas_map: dict[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode], DefsRef] = {}
+        for key, mode, schema in inputs:
+            self._mode = mode
+            json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema)
+            json_schemas_map[(key, mode)] = definitions_remapping.remap_json_schema(json_schema)
+
+        json_schema = {'$defs': self.definitions}
+        json_schema = definitions_remapping.remap_json_schema(json_schema)
+        self._used = True
+        return json_schemas_map, self.sort(json_schema['$defs'])  # type: ignore
+
+    def generate(self, schema: CoreSchema, mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation') -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema for a specified schema in a specified mode.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: A Pydantic model.
+            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema. Defaults to 'validation'.
+
+        Returns:
+            A JSON schema representing the specified schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUserError: If the JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema.
+        """
+        self._mode = mode
+        if self._used:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'This JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema. '
+                f'You must create a new instance of {type(self).__name__} to generate a new JSON schema.',
+                code='json-schema-already-used',
+            )
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = self.generate_inner(schema)
+        json_ref_counts = self.get_json_ref_counts(json_schema)
+
+        ref = cast(JsonRef, json_schema.get('$ref'))
+        while ref is not None:  # may need to unpack multiple levels
+            ref_json_schema = self.get_schema_from_definitions(ref)
+            if json_ref_counts[ref] == 1 and ref_json_schema is not None and len(json_schema) == 1:
+                # "Unpack" the ref since this is the only reference and there are no sibling keys
+                json_schema = ref_json_schema.copy()  # copy to prevent recursive dict reference
+                json_ref_counts[ref] -= 1
+                ref = cast(JsonRef, json_schema.get('$ref'))
+            ref = None
+
+        self._garbage_collect_definitions(json_schema)
+        definitions_remapping = self._build_definitions_remapping()
+
+        if self.definitions:
+            json_schema['$defs'] = self.definitions
+
+        json_schema = definitions_remapping.remap_json_schema(json_schema)
+
+        # For now, we will not set the $schema key. However, if desired, this can be easily added by overriding
+        # this method and adding the following line after a call to super().generate(schema):
+        # json_schema['$schema'] = self.schema_dialect
+
+        self._used = True
+        return self.sort(json_schema)
+
+    def generate_inner(self, schema: CoreSchemaOrField) -> JsonSchemaValue:  # noqa: C901
+        """Generates a JSON schema for a given core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The given core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+
+        TODO: the nested function definitions here seem like bad practice, I'd like to unpack these
+        in a future PR. It'd be great if we could shorten the call stack a bit for JSON schema generation,
+        and I think there's potential for that here.
+        """
+        # If a schema with the same CoreRef has been handled, just return a reference to it
+        # Note that this assumes that it will _never_ be the case that the same CoreRef is used
+        # on types that should have different JSON schemas
+        if 'ref' in schema:
+            core_ref = CoreRef(schema['ref'])  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            core_mode_ref = (core_ref, self.mode)
+            if core_mode_ref in self.core_to_defs_refs and self.core_to_defs_refs[core_mode_ref] in self.definitions:
+                return {'$ref': self.core_to_json_refs[core_mode_ref]}
+
+        def populate_defs(core_schema: CoreSchema, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            if 'ref' in core_schema:
+                core_ref = CoreRef(core_schema['ref'])  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+                defs_ref, ref_json_schema = self.get_cache_defs_ref_schema(core_ref)
+                json_ref = JsonRef(ref_json_schema['$ref'])
+                # Replace the schema if it's not a reference to itself
+                # What we want to avoid is having the def be just a ref to itself
+                # which is what would happen if we blindly assigned any
+                if json_schema.get('$ref', None) != json_ref:
+                    self.definitions[defs_ref] = json_schema
+                    self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema.pop(defs_ref, None)
+                json_schema = ref_json_schema
+            return json_schema
+
+        def handler_func(schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            """Generate a JSON schema based on the input schema.
+
+            Args:
+                schema_or_field: The core schema to generate a JSON schema from.
+
+            Returns:
+                The generated JSON schema.
+
+            Raises:
+                TypeError: If an unexpected schema type is encountered.
+            """
+            # Generate the core-schema-type-specific bits of the schema generation:
+            json_schema: JsonSchemaValue | None = None
+            if self.mode == 'serialization' and 'serialization' in schema_or_field:
+                # In this case, we skip the JSON Schema generation of the schema
+                # and use the `'serialization'` schema instead (canonical example:
+                # `Annotated[int, PlainSerializer(str)]`).
+                ser_schema = schema_or_field['serialization']  # type: ignore
+                json_schema = self.ser_schema(ser_schema)
+
+                # It might be that the 'serialization'` is skipped depending on `when_used`.
+                # This is only relevant for `nullable` schemas though, so we special case here.
+                if (
+                    json_schema is not None
+                    and ser_schema.get('when_used') in ('unless-none', 'json-unless-none')
+                    and schema_or_field['type'] == 'nullable'
+                ):
+                    json_schema = self.get_union_of_schemas([{'type': 'null'}, json_schema])
+            if json_schema is None:
+                if _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema_or_field) or _core_utils.is_core_schema_field(schema_or_field):
+                    generate_for_schema_type = self._schema_type_to_method[schema_or_field['type']]
+                    json_schema = generate_for_schema_type(schema_or_field)
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError(f'Unexpected schema type: schema={schema_or_field}')
+            return json_schema
+
+        current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, handler_func)
+
+        metadata = cast(_core_metadata.CoreMetadata, schema.get('metadata', {}))
+
+        # TODO: I dislike that we have to wrap these basic dict updates in callables, is there any way around this?
+
+        if js_updates := metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates'):
+
+            def js_updates_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = {**current_handler(schema_or_field), **js_updates}
+                return json_schema
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, js_updates_handler_func)
+
+        if js_extra := metadata.get('pydantic_js_extra'):
+
+            def js_extra_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = current_handler(schema_or_field)
+                if isinstance(js_extra, dict):
+                    json_schema.update(to_jsonable_python(js_extra))
+                elif callable(js_extra):
+                    # similar to typing issue in _update_class_schema when we're working with callable js extra
+                    js_extra(json_schema)  # type: ignore
+                return json_schema
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, js_extra_handler_func)
+
+        for js_modify_function in metadata.get('pydantic_js_functions', ()):
+
+            def new_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+                js_modify_function: GetJsonSchemaFunction = js_modify_function,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = js_modify_function(schema_or_field, current_handler)
+                if _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema_or_field):
+                    json_schema = populate_defs(schema_or_field, json_schema)
+                original_schema = current_handler.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+                ref = json_schema.pop('$ref', None)
+                if ref and json_schema:
+                    original_schema.update(json_schema)
+                return original_schema
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, new_handler_func)
+
+        for js_modify_function in metadata.get('pydantic_js_annotation_functions', ()):
+
+            def new_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+                js_modify_function: GetJsonSchemaFunction = js_modify_function,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                return js_modify_function(schema_or_field, current_handler)
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, new_handler_func)
+
+        json_schema = current_handler(schema)
+        if _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema):
+            json_schema = populate_defs(schema, json_schema)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def sort(self, value: JsonSchemaValue, parent_key: str | None = None) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Override this method to customize the sorting of the JSON schema (e.g., don't sort at all, sort all keys unconditionally, etc.)
+
+        By default, alphabetically sort the keys in the JSON schema, skipping the 'properties' and 'default' keys to preserve field definition order.
+        This sort is recursive, so it will sort all nested dictionaries as well.
+        """
+        sorted_dict: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        keys = value.keys()
+        if parent_key not in ('properties', 'default'):
+            keys = sorted(keys)
+        for key in keys:
+            sorted_dict[key] = self._sort_recursive(value[key], parent_key=key)
+        return sorted_dict
+
+    def _sort_recursive(self, value: Any, parent_key: str | None = None) -> Any:
+        """Recursively sort a JSON schema value."""
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            sorted_dict: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+            keys = value.keys()
+            if parent_key not in ('properties', 'default'):
+                keys = sorted(keys)
+            for key in keys:
+                sorted_dict[key] = self._sort_recursive(value[key], parent_key=key)
+            return sorted_dict
+        elif isinstance(value, list):
+            sorted_list: list[JsonSchemaValue] = [self._sort_recursive(item, parent_key) for item in value]
+            return sorted_list
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    # ### Schema generation methods
+
+    def invalid_schema(self, schema: core_schema.InvalidSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Placeholder - should never be called."""
+
+        raise RuntimeError('Cannot generate schema for invalid_schema. This is a bug! Please report it.')
+
+    def any_schema(self, schema: core_schema.AnySchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches any value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    def none_schema(self, schema: core_schema.NoneSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches `None`.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'null'}
+
+    def bool_schema(self, schema: core_schema.BoolSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a bool value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'boolean'}
+
+    def int_schema(self, schema: core_schema.IntSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches an int value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {'type': 'integer'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.numeric)
+        json_schema = {k: v for k, v in json_schema.items() if v not in {math.inf, -math.inf}}
+        return json_schema
+
+    def float_schema(self, schema: core_schema.FloatSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a float value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {'type': 'number'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.numeric)
+        json_schema = {k: v for k, v in json_schema.items() if v not in {math.inf, -math.inf}}
+        return json_schema
+
+    def decimal_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DecimalSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a decimal value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+
+        def get_decimal_pattern(schema: core_schema.DecimalSchema) -> str:
+            max_digits = schema.get('max_digits')
+            decimal_places = schema.get('decimal_places')
+
+            pattern = (
+                r'^(?!^[-+.]*$)[+-]?0*'  # check it is not empty string and not one or sequence of ".+-" characters.
+            )
+
+            # Case 1: Both max_digits and decimal_places are set
+            if max_digits is not None and decimal_places is not None:
+                integer_places = max(0, max_digits - decimal_places)
+                pattern += (
+                    rf'(?:'
+                    rf'\d{{0,{integer_places}}}'
+                    rf'|'
+                    rf'(?=[\d.]{{1,{max_digits + 1}}}0*$)'
+                    rf'\d{{0,{integer_places}}}\.\d{{0,{decimal_places}}}0*$'
+                    rf')'
+                )
+
+            # Case 2: Only max_digits is set
+            elif max_digits is not None and decimal_places is None:
+                pattern += (
+                    rf'(?:'
+                    rf'\d{{0,{max_digits}}}'
+                    rf'|'
+                    rf'(?=[\d.]{{1,{max_digits + 1}}}0*$)'
+                    rf'\d*\.\d*0*$'
+                    rf')'
+                )
+
+            # Case 3: Only decimal_places is set
+            elif max_digits is None and decimal_places is not None:
+                pattern += rf'\d*\.?\d{{0,{decimal_places}}}0*$'
+
+            # Case 4: Both are None (no restrictions)
+            else:
+                pattern += r'\d*\.?\d*$'  # look for arbitrary integer or decimal
+
+            return pattern
+
+        json_schema = self.str_schema(core_schema.str_schema(pattern=get_decimal_pattern(schema)))
+        if self.mode == 'validation':
+            multiple_of = schema.get('multiple_of')
+            le = schema.get('le')
+            ge = schema.get('ge')
+            lt = schema.get('lt')
+            gt = schema.get('gt')
+            json_schema = {
+                'anyOf': [
+                    self.float_schema(
+                        core_schema.float_schema(
+                            allow_inf_nan=schema.get('allow_inf_nan'),
+                            multiple_of=None if multiple_of is None else float(multiple_of),
+                            le=None if le is None else float(le),
+                            ge=None if ge is None else float(ge),
+                            lt=None if lt is None else float(lt),
+                            gt=None if gt is None else float(gt),
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    json_schema,
+                ],
+            }
+        return json_schema
+
+    def str_schema(self, schema: core_schema.StringSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a string value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.string)
+        if isinstance(json_schema.get('pattern'), Pattern):
+            # TODO: should we add regex flags to the pattern?
+            json_schema['pattern'] = json_schema.get('pattern').pattern  # type: ignore
+        return json_schema
+
+    def bytes_schema(self, schema: core_schema.BytesSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a bytes value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'base64url' if self._config.ser_json_bytes == 'base64' else 'binary'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.bytes)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def date_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DateSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a date value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date'}
+
+    def time_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TimeSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a time value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'time'}
+
+    def datetime_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DatetimeSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a datetime value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date-time'}
+
+    def timedelta_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TimedeltaSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a timedelta value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self._config.ser_json_timedelta == 'float':
+            return {'type': 'number'}
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'duration'}
+
+    def literal_schema(self, schema: core_schema.LiteralSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a literal value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        expected = [to_jsonable_python(v.value if isinstance(v, Enum) else v) for v in schema['expected']]
+
+        result: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if len(expected) == 1:
+            result['const'] = expected[0]
+        else:
+            result['enum'] = expected
+
+        types = {type(e) for e in expected}
+        if types == {str}:
+            result['type'] = 'string'
+        elif types == {int}:
+            result['type'] = 'integer'
+        elif types == {float}:
+            result['type'] = 'number'
+        elif types == {bool}:
+            result['type'] = 'boolean'
+        elif types == {list}:
+            result['type'] = 'array'
+        elif types == {type(None)}:
+            result['type'] = 'null'
+        return result
+
+    def missing_sentinel_schema(self, schema: core_schema.MissingSentinelSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches the `MISSING` sentinel value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        raise PydanticOmit
+
+    def enum_schema(self, schema: core_schema.EnumSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches an Enum value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        enum_type = schema['cls']
+        description = None if not enum_type.__doc__ else inspect.cleandoc(enum_type.__doc__)
+        if (
+            description == 'An enumeration.'
+        ):  # This is the default value provided by enum.EnumMeta.__new__; don't use it
+            description = None
+        result: dict[str, Any] = {'title': enum_type.__name__, 'description': description}
+        result = {k: v for k, v in result.items() if v is not None}
+
+        expected = [to_jsonable_python(v.value) for v in schema['members']]
+
+        result['enum'] = expected
+
+        types = {type(e) for e in expected}
+        if isinstance(enum_type, str) or types == {str}:
+            result['type'] = 'string'
+        elif isinstance(enum_type, int) or types == {int}:
+            result['type'] = 'integer'
+        elif isinstance(enum_type, float) or types == {float}:
+            result['type'] = 'number'
+        elif types == {bool}:
+            result['type'] = 'boolean'
+        elif types == {list}:
+            result['type'] = 'array'
+
+        return result
+
+    def is_instance_schema(self, schema: core_schema.IsInstanceSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Handles JSON schema generation for a core schema that checks if a value is an instance of a class.
+
+        Unless overridden in a subclass, this raises an error.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.handle_invalid_for_json_schema(schema, f'core_schema.IsInstanceSchema ({schema["cls"]})')
+
+    def is_subclass_schema(self, schema: core_schema.IsSubclassSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Handles JSON schema generation for a core schema that checks if a value is a subclass of a class.
+
+        For backwards compatibility with v1, this does not raise an error, but can be overridden to change this.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # Note: This is for compatibility with V1; you can override if you want different behavior.
+        return {}
+
+    def callable_schema(self, schema: core_schema.CallableSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a callable value.
+
+        Unless overridden in a subclass, this raises an error.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.handle_invalid_for_json_schema(schema, 'core_schema.CallableSchema')
+
+    def list_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ListSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Returns a schema that matches a list schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        items_schema = {} if 'items_schema' not in schema else self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'])
+        json_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': items_schema}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    @deprecated('`tuple_positional_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.', category=None)
+    @final
+    def tuple_positional_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TupleSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Replaced by `tuple_schema`."""
+        warnings.warn(
+            '`tuple_positional_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince26,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.tuple_schema(schema)
+
+    @deprecated('`tuple_variable_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.', category=None)
+    @final
+    def tuple_variable_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TupleSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Replaced by `tuple_schema`."""
+        warnings.warn(
+            '`tuple_variable_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince26,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.tuple_schema(schema)
+
+    def tuple_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TupleSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a tuple schema e.g. `tuple[int,
+        str, bool]` or `tuple[int, ...]`.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'array'}
+        if 'variadic_item_index' in schema:
+            variadic_item_index = schema['variadic_item_index']
+            if variadic_item_index > 0:
+                json_schema['minItems'] = variadic_item_index
+                json_schema['prefixItems'] = [
+                    self.generate_inner(item) for item in schema['items_schema'][:variadic_item_index]
+                ]
+            if variadic_item_index + 1 == len(schema['items_schema']):
+                # if the variadic item is the last item, then represent it faithfully
+                json_schema['items'] = self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'][variadic_item_index])
+            else:
+                # otherwise, 'items' represents the schema for the variadic
+                # item plus the suffix, so just allow anything for simplicity
+                # for now
+                json_schema['items'] = True
+        else:
+            prefixItems = [self.generate_inner(item) for item in schema['items_schema']]
+            if prefixItems:
+                json_schema['prefixItems'] = prefixItems
+            json_schema['minItems'] = len(prefixItems)
+            json_schema['maxItems'] = len(prefixItems)
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def set_schema(self, schema: core_schema.SetSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a set schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self._common_set_schema(schema)
+
+    def frozenset_schema(self, schema: core_schema.FrozenSetSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a frozenset schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self._common_set_schema(schema)
+
+    def _common_set_schema(self, schema: core_schema.SetSchema | core_schema.FrozenSetSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        items_schema = {} if 'items_schema' not in schema else self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'])
+        json_schema = {'type': 'array', 'uniqueItems': True, 'items': items_schema}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def generator_schema(self, schema: core_schema.GeneratorSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Returns a JSON schema that represents the provided GeneratorSchema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        items_schema = {} if 'items_schema' not in schema else self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'])
+        json_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': items_schema}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def dict_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DictSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a dict schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'object'}
+
+        keys_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['keys_schema']).copy() if 'keys_schema' in schema else {}
+        if '$ref' not in keys_schema:
+            keys_pattern = keys_schema.pop('pattern', None)
+            # Don't give a title to patternProperties/propertyNames:
+            keys_schema.pop('title', None)
+        else:
+            # Here, we assume that if the keys schema is a definition reference,
+            # it can't be a simple string core schema (and thus no pattern can exist).
+            # However, this is only in practice (in theory, a definition reference core
+            # schema could be generated for a simple string schema).
+            # Note that we avoid calling `self.resolve_ref_schema`, as it might not exist yet.
+            keys_pattern = None
+
+        values_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['values_schema']).copy() if 'values_schema' in schema else {}
+        # don't give a title to additionalProperties:
+        values_schema.pop('title', None)
+
+        if values_schema or keys_pattern is not None:
+            if keys_pattern is None:
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = values_schema
+            else:
+                json_schema['patternProperties'] = {keys_pattern: values_schema}
+        else:  # for `dict[str, Any]`, we allow any key and any value, since `str` is the default key type
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = True
+
+        if (
+            # The len check indicates that constraints are probably present:
+            (keys_schema.get('type') == 'string' and len(keys_schema) > 1)
+            # If this is a definition reference schema, it most likely has constraints:
+            or '$ref' in keys_schema
+        ):
+            keys_schema.pop('type', None)
+            json_schema['propertyNames'] = keys_schema
+
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.object)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def function_before_schema(self, schema: core_schema.BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-before schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'validation' and (input_schema := schema.get('json_schema_input_schema')):
+            return self.generate_inner(input_schema)
+
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def function_after_schema(self, schema: core_schema.AfterValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-after schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def function_plain_schema(self, schema: core_schema.PlainValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-plain schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'validation' and (input_schema := schema.get('json_schema_input_schema')):
+            return self.generate_inner(input_schema)
+
+        return self.handle_invalid_for_json_schema(
+            schema, f'core_schema.PlainValidatorFunctionSchema ({schema["function"]})'
+        )
+
+    def function_wrap_schema(self, schema: core_schema.WrapValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-wrap schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'validation' and (input_schema := schema.get('json_schema_input_schema')):
+            return self.generate_inner(input_schema)
+
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def default_schema(self, schema: core_schema.WithDefaultSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema with a default value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+        default = self.get_default_value(schema)
+        if default is NoDefault or default is MISSING:
+            return json_schema
+
+        # we reflect the application of custom plain, no-info serializers to defaults for
+        # JSON Schemas viewed in serialization mode:
+        # TODO: improvements along with https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8208
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            # `_get_ser_schema_for_default_value()` is used to unpack potentially nested validator schemas:
+            ser_schema = _get_ser_schema_for_default_value(schema['schema'])
+            if (
+                ser_schema is not None
+                and (ser_func := ser_schema.get('function'))
+                and not (default is None and ser_schema.get('when_used') in ('unless-none', 'json-unless-none'))
+            ):
+                try:
+                    default = ser_func(default)  # type: ignore
+                except Exception:
+                    # It might be that the provided default needs to be validated (read: parsed) first
+                    # (assuming `validate_default` is enabled). However, we can't perform
+                    # such validation during JSON Schema generation so we don't support
+                    # this pattern for now.
+                    # (One example is when using `foo: ByteSize = '1MB'`, which validates and
+                    # serializes as an int. In this case, `ser_func` is `int` and `int('1MB')` fails).
+                    self.emit_warning(
+                        'non-serializable-default',
+                        f'Unable to serialize value {default!r} with the plain serializer; excluding default from JSON schema',
+                    )
+                    return json_schema
+
+        # Sort set/frozenset defaults to ensure deterministic JSON schema generation
+        # We only sort if len > 1 because sets of size 0 or 1 are already deterministic
+        if isinstance(default, collections.abc.Set) and len(default) > 1:
+            try:
+                default = sorted(default)
+            except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # If items aren't comparable (e.g. mixed types), we can't sort them.
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            encoded_default = self.encode_default(default)
+        except pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError:
+            self.emit_warning(
+                'non-serializable-default',
+                f'Default value {default} is not JSON serializable; excluding default from JSON schema',
+            )
+            # Return the inner schema, as though there was no default
+            return json_schema
+
+        json_schema['default'] = encoded_default
+        return json_schema
+
+    def get_default_value(self, schema: core_schema.WithDefaultSchema) -> Any:
+        """Get the default value to be used when generating a JSON Schema for a core schema with a default.
+
+        The default implementation is to use the statically defined default value. This method can be overridden
+        if you want to make use of the default factory.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The `'with-default'` core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value to use, or [`NoDefault`][pydantic.json_schema.NoDefault] if no default
+                value is available.
+        """
+        return schema.get('default', NoDefault)
+
+    def nullable_schema(self, schema: core_schema.NullableSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows null values.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        null_schema = {'type': 'null'}
+        inner_json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+        if inner_json_schema == null_schema:
+            return null_schema
+        else:
+            return self.get_union_of_schemas([inner_json_schema, null_schema])
+
+    def union_schema(self, schema: core_schema.UnionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching any of the given schemas.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        generated: list[JsonSchemaValue] = []
+
+        for choice in core_schema.iter_union_choices(schema):
+            try:
+                generated.append(self.generate_inner(choice))
+            except PydanticOmit:  # noqa: PERF203
+                continue
+            except PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema as exc:
+                self.emit_warning('skipped-choice', exc.message)
+        if len(generated) == 1:
+            return generated[0]
+        return self.get_union_of_schemas(generated)
+
+    def get_union_of_schemas(self, schemas: list[JsonSchemaValue]) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Returns the JSON Schema representation for the union of the provided JSON Schemas.
+
+        The result depends on the configured `'union_format'`.
+
+        Args:
+            schemas: The list of JSON Schemas to be included in the union.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON Schema representing the union of schemas.
+        """
+        if self.union_format == 'primitive_type_array':
+            types: list[str] = []
+            for schema in schemas:
+                schema_types: list[str] | str | None = schema.get('type')
+                if schema_types is None:
+                    # No type, meaning it can be a ref or an empty schema.
+                    break
+                if not isinstance(schema_types, list):
+                    schema_types = [schema_types]
+                if not all(t in _PRIMITIVE_JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES for t in schema_types):
+                    break
+                if len(schema) != 1:
+                    # We only want to include types that don't have any constraints. For instance,
+                    # if `schemas = [{'type': 'string', 'maxLength': 3}, {'type': 'string', 'minLength': 5}]`,
+                    # we don't want to produce `{'type': 'string', 'maxLength': 3, 'minLength': 5}`.
+                    # Same if we have some metadata (e.g. `title`) on a specific union member, we want to preserve it.
+                    break
+
+                types.extend(schema_types)
+            else:
+                # If we got there, all the schemas where valid to be used with the `'primitive_type_array` format
+                return {'type': list(dict.fromkeys(types))}
+
+        return self.get_flattened_anyof(schemas)
+
+    def tagged_union_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching any of the given schemas, where
+        the schemas are tagged with a discriminator field that indicates which schema should be used to validate
+        the value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        generated: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        for k, v in schema['choices'].items():
+            if isinstance(k, Enum):
+                k = k.value
+            try:
+                # Use str(k) since keys must be strings for json; while not technically correct,
+                # it's the closest that can be represented in valid JSON
+                generated[str(k)] = self.generate_inner(v).copy()
+            except PydanticOmit:
+                continue
+            except PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema as exc:
+                self.emit_warning('skipped-choice', exc.message)
+
+        one_of_choices = _deduplicate_schemas(generated.values())
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'oneOf': one_of_choices}
+
+        # This reflects the v1 behavior; TODO: we should make it possible to exclude OpenAPI stuff from the JSON schema
+        openapi_discriminator = self._extract_discriminator(schema, one_of_choices)
+        if openapi_discriminator is not None:
+            json_schema['discriminator'] = {
+                'propertyName': openapi_discriminator,
+                'mapping': {k: v.get('$ref', v) for k, v in generated.items()},
+            }
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def _extract_discriminator(
+        self, schema: core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema, one_of_choices: list[JsonDict]
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """Extract a compatible OpenAPI discriminator from the schema and one_of choices that end up in the final
+        schema."""
+        openapi_discriminator: str | None = None
+
+        if isinstance(schema['discriminator'], str):
+            return schema['discriminator']
+
+        if isinstance(schema['discriminator'], list):
+            # If the discriminator is a single item list containing a string, that is equivalent to the string case
+            if len(schema['discriminator']) == 1 and isinstance(schema['discriminator'][0], str):
+                return schema['discriminator'][0]
+            # When an alias is used that is different from the field name, the discriminator will be a list of single
+            # str lists, one for the attribute and one for the actual alias. The logic here will work even if there is
+            # more than one possible attribute, and looks for whether a single alias choice is present as a documented
+            # property on all choices. If so, that property will be used as the OpenAPI discriminator.
+            for alias_path in schema['discriminator']:
+                if not isinstance(alias_path, list):
+                    break  # this means that the discriminator is not a list of alias paths
+                if len(alias_path) != 1:
+                    continue  # this means that the "alias" does not represent a single field
+                alias = alias_path[0]
+                if not isinstance(alias, str):
+                    continue  # this means that the "alias" does not represent a field
+                alias_is_present_on_all_choices = True
+                for choice in one_of_choices:
+                    try:
+                        choice = self.resolve_ref_schema(choice)
+                    except RuntimeError as exc:
+                        # TODO: fixme - this is a workaround for the fact that we can't always resolve refs
+                        # for tagged union choices at this point in the schema gen process, we might need to do
+                        # another pass at the end like we do for core schemas
+                        self.emit_warning('skipped-discriminator', str(exc))
+                        choice = {}
+                    properties = choice.get('properties', {})
+                    if not isinstance(properties, dict) or alias not in properties:
+                        alias_is_present_on_all_choices = False
+                        break
+                if alias_is_present_on_all_choices:
+                    openapi_discriminator = alias
+                    break
+        return openapi_discriminator
+
+    def chain_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ChainSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a core_schema.ChainSchema.
+
+        When generating a schema for validation, we return the validation JSON schema for the first step in the chain.
+        For serialization, we return the serialization JSON schema for the last step in the chain.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        step_index = 0 if self.mode == 'validation' else -1  # use first step for validation, last for serialization
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['steps'][step_index])
+
+    def lax_or_strict_schema(self, schema: core_schema.LaxOrStrictSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching either the lax schema or the
+        strict schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # TODO: Need to read the default value off of model config or whatever
+        use_strict = schema.get('strict', False)  # TODO: replace this default False
+        # If your JSON schema fails to generate it is probably
+        # because one of the following two branches failed.
+        if use_strict:
+            return self.generate_inner(schema['strict_schema'])
+        else:
+            return self.generate_inner(schema['lax_schema'])
+
+    def json_or_python_schema(self, schema: core_schema.JsonOrPythonSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching either the JSON schema or the
+        Python schema.
+
+        The JSON schema is used instead of the Python schema. If you want to use the Python schema, you should override
+        this method.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['json_schema'])
+
+    def typed_dict_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TypedDictSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a typed dict.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        total = schema.get('total', True)
+        named_required_fields: list[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]] = [
+            (name, self.field_is_required(field, total), field)
+            for name, field in schema['fields'].items()
+            if self.field_is_present(field)
+        ]
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            named_required_fields.extend(self._name_required_computed_fields(schema.get('computed_fields', [])))
+        cls = schema.get('cls')
+        config = _get_typed_dict_config(cls)
+        with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+            json_schema = self._named_required_fields_schema(named_required_fields)
+
+        # There's some duplication between `extra_behavior` and
+        # the config's `extra`/core config's `extra_fields_behavior`.
+        # However, it is common to manually create TypedDictSchemas,
+        # where you don't necessarily have a class.
+        # At runtime, `extra_behavior` takes priority over the config
+        # for validation, so follow the same for the JSON Schema:
+        if 'extras_schema' in schema and schema['extras_schema'] != core_schema.any_schema():
+            allow_additional_props = self.generate_inner(schema['extras_schema'])
+        else:
+            allow_additional_props = True
+
+        if schema.get('extra_behavior') == 'forbid':
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+        elif schema.get('extra_behavior') == 'allow':
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = allow_additional_props
+
+        if cls is not None:
+            # `_update_class_schema()` will not override
+            # `additionalProperties` if already present:
+            self._update_class_schema(json_schema, cls, config)
+        elif 'additionalProperties' not in json_schema:
+            extra = schema.get('config', {}).get('extra_fields_behavior')
+            if extra == 'forbid':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+            elif extra == 'allow':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = allow_additional_props
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _name_required_computed_fields(
+        computed_fields: list[ComputedField],
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, bool, core_schema.ComputedField]]:
+        return [(field['property_name'], True, field) for field in computed_fields]
+
+    def _named_required_fields_schema(
+        self, named_required_fields: Sequence[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]]
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        properties: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        required_fields: list[str] = []
+        for name, required, field in named_required_fields:
+            if self.by_alias:
+                name = self._get_alias_name(field, name)
+            try:
+                field_json_schema = self.generate_inner(field).copy()
+            except PydanticOmit:
+                continue
+            if 'title' not in field_json_schema and self.field_title_should_be_set(field):
+                title = self.get_title_from_name(name)
+                field_json_schema['title'] = title
+            field_json_schema = self.handle_ref_overrides(field_json_schema)
+            properties[name] = field_json_schema
+            if required:
+                required_fields.append(name)
+
+        json_schema = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required_fields:
+            json_schema['required'] = required_fields
+        return json_schema
+
+    def _get_alias_name(self, field: CoreSchemaField, name: str) -> str:
+        if field['type'] == 'computed-field':
+            alias: Any = field.get('alias', name)
+        elif self.mode == 'validation':
+            alias = field.get('validation_alias', name)
+        else:
+            alias = field.get('serialization_alias', name)
+        if isinstance(alias, str):
+            name = alias
+        elif isinstance(alias, list):
+            alias = cast('list[str] | str', alias)
+            for path in alias:
+                if isinstance(path, list) and len(path) == 1 and isinstance(path[0], str):
+                    # Use the first valid single-item string path; the code that constructs the alias array
+                    # should ensure the first such item is what belongs in the JSON schema
+                    name = path[0]
+                    break
+        else:
+            assert_never(alias)
+        return name
+
+    def typed_dict_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TypedDictField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a typed dict field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def dataclass_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DataclassField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a dataclass field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def model_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ModelField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a model field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def computed_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ComputedField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a computed field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['return_schema'])
+
+    def model_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ModelSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a model.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # We do not use schema['model'].model_json_schema() here
+        # because it could lead to inconsistent refs handling, etc.
+        cls = cast('type[BaseModel]', schema['cls'])
+        config = cls.model_config
+
+        with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+            json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+        self._update_class_schema(json_schema, cls, config)
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def _update_class_schema(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue, cls: type[Any], config: ConfigDict) -> None:
+        """Update json_schema with the following, extracted from `config` and `cls`:
+
+        * title
+        * description
+        * additional properties
+        * json_schema_extra
+        * deprecated
+
+        Done in place, hence there's no return value as the original json_schema is mutated.
+        No ref resolving is involved here, as that's not appropriate for simple updates.
+        """
+        from ._internal._dataclasses import is_stdlib_dataclass
+        from .main import BaseModel
+
+        if (config_title := config.get('title')) is not None:
+            json_schema.setdefault('title', config_title)
+        elif model_title_generator := config.get('model_title_generator'):
+            title = model_title_generator(cls)
+            if not isinstance(title, str):
+                raise TypeError(f'model_title_generator {model_title_generator} must return str, not {title.__class__}')
+            json_schema.setdefault('title', title)
+        if 'title' not in json_schema:
+            json_schema['title'] = cls.__name__
+
+        # BaseModel and dataclasses; don't use cls.__doc__ as it will contain the verbose class signature by default
+        if cls is BaseModel:
+            docstring = None
+        elif is_stdlib_dataclass(cls):  # For Pydantic dataclasses, we already handle this at class creation
+            # The `dataclass` module generates a `__doc__` based on the `inspect.signature()`
+            # result, which we don't want to use as a description. Such `__doc__` startswith
+            # `cls.__name__(`, which could lead to mistakenly discarding it if for some reason
+            # an explicitly set class docstring follows the same pattern, but this is unlikely
+            # to happen.
+            doc = cls.__doc__
+            docstring = None if doc is None or doc.startswith(f'{cls.__name__}(') else doc
+        else:
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+
+        if docstring:
+            json_schema.setdefault('description', inspect.cleandoc(docstring))
+
+        extra = config.get('extra')
+        if 'additionalProperties' not in json_schema:  # This check is particularly important for `typed_dict_schema()`
+            if extra == 'allow':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = True
+            elif extra == 'forbid':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+
+        json_schema_extra = config.get('json_schema_extra')
+        if issubclass(cls, BaseModel) and cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
+            root_json_schema_extra = cls.model_fields['root'].json_schema_extra
+            if json_schema_extra and root_json_schema_extra:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '"model_config[\'json_schema_extra\']" and "Field.json_schema_extra" on "RootModel.root"'
+                    ' field must not be set simultaneously'
+                )
+            if root_json_schema_extra:
+                json_schema_extra = root_json_schema_extra
+
+        if isinstance(json_schema_extra, (staticmethod, classmethod)):
+            # In older versions of python, this is necessary to ensure staticmethod/classmethods are callable
+            json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra.__get__(cls)
+
+        if isinstance(json_schema_extra, dict):
+            json_schema.update(json_schema_extra)
+        elif callable(json_schema_extra):
+            if len(_typing_extra.signature_no_eval(json_schema_extra).parameters) > 1:
+                json_schema_extra = cast(Callable[[JsonDict, type[Any]], None], json_schema_extra)
+                json_schema_extra(json_schema, cls)
+            else:
+                json_schema_extra = cast(Callable[[JsonDict], None], json_schema_extra)
+                json_schema_extra(json_schema)
+        elif json_schema_extra is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"model_config['json_schema_extra']={json_schema_extra} should be a dict, callable, or None"
+            )
+
+        if hasattr(cls, '__deprecated__'):
+            json_schema['deprecated'] = True
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Resolve a JsonSchemaValue to the non-ref schema if it is a $ref schema.
+
+        Args:
+            json_schema: The schema to resolve.
+
+        Returns:
+            The resolved schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the schema reference can't be found in definitions.
+        """
+        while '$ref' in json_schema:
+            ref = json_schema['$ref']
+            schema_to_update = self.get_schema_from_definitions(JsonRef(ref))
+            if schema_to_update is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Cannot update undefined schema for $ref={ref}')
+            json_schema = schema_to_update
+        return json_schema
+
+    def model_fields_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ModelFieldsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a model's fields.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        named_required_fields: list[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]] = [
+            (name, self.field_is_required(field, total=True), field)
+            for name, field in schema['fields'].items()
+            if self.field_is_present(field)
+        ]
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            named_required_fields.extend(self._name_required_computed_fields(schema.get('computed_fields', [])))
+        json_schema = self._named_required_fields_schema(named_required_fields)
+        extras_schema = schema.get('extras_schema', None)
+        if extras_schema is not None:
+            schema_to_update = self.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+            schema_to_update['additionalProperties'] = self.generate_inner(extras_schema)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def field_is_present(self, field: CoreSchemaField) -> bool:
+        """Whether the field should be included in the generated JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The schema for the field itself.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field should be included in the generated JSON schema, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            # If you still want to include the field in the generated JSON schema,
+            # override this method and return True
+            return not field.get('serialization_exclude')
+        elif self.mode == 'validation':
+            return True
+        else:
+            assert_never(self.mode)
+
+    def field_is_required(
+        self,
+        field: core_schema.ModelField | core_schema.DataclassField | core_schema.TypedDictField,
+        total: bool,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Whether the field should be marked as required in the generated JSON schema.
+        (Note that this is irrelevant if the field is not present in the JSON schema.).
+
+        Args:
+            field: The schema for the field itself.
+            total: Only applies to `TypedDictField`s.
+                Indicates if the `TypedDict` this field belongs to is total, in which case any fields that don't
+                explicitly specify `required=False` are required.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field should be marked as required in the generated JSON schema, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        if field['type'] == 'typed-dict-field':
+            required = field.get('required', total)
+        else:
+            required = field['schema']['type'] != 'default'
+
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            has_exclude_if = field.get('serialization_exclude_if') is not None
+            if self._config.json_schema_serialization_defaults_required:
+                return not has_exclude_if
+            else:
+                return required and not has_exclude_if
+        else:
+            return required
+
+    def dataclass_args_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DataclassArgsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a dataclass's constructor arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        named_required_fields: list[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]] = [
+            (field['name'], self.field_is_required(field, total=True), field)
+            for field in schema['fields']
+            if self.field_is_present(field)
+        ]
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            named_required_fields.extend(self._name_required_computed_fields(schema.get('computed_fields', [])))
+        return self._named_required_fields_schema(named_required_fields)
+
+    def dataclass_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DataclassSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a dataclass.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+
+        cls = schema['cls']
+        config = cast('ConfigDict', getattr(cls, '__pydantic_config__', {}))
+
+        with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+            json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema']).copy()
+
+        self._update_class_schema(json_schema, cls, config)
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def arguments_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ArgumentsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        prefer_positional = schema.get('metadata', {}).get('pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments')
+
+        arguments = schema['arguments_schema']
+        kw_only_arguments = [a for a in arguments if a.get('mode') == 'keyword_only']
+        kw_or_p_arguments = [a for a in arguments if a.get('mode') in {'positional_or_keyword', None}]
+        p_only_arguments = [a for a in arguments if a.get('mode') == 'positional_only']
+        var_args_schema = schema.get('var_args_schema')
+        var_kwargs_schema = schema.get('var_kwargs_schema')
+
+        if prefer_positional:
+            positional_possible = not kw_only_arguments and not var_kwargs_schema
+            if positional_possible:
+                return self.p_arguments_schema(p_only_arguments + kw_or_p_arguments, var_args_schema)
+
+        keyword_possible = not p_only_arguments and not var_args_schema
+        if keyword_possible:
+            return self.kw_arguments_schema(kw_or_p_arguments + kw_only_arguments, var_kwargs_schema)
+
+        if not prefer_positional:
+            positional_possible = not kw_only_arguments and not var_kwargs_schema
+            if positional_possible:
+                return self.p_arguments_schema(p_only_arguments + kw_or_p_arguments, var_args_schema)
+
+        raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(
+            'Unable to generate JSON schema for arguments validator with positional-only and keyword-only arguments'
+        )
+
+    def kw_arguments_schema(
+        self, arguments: list[core_schema.ArgumentsParameter], var_kwargs_schema: CoreSchema | None
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's keyword arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            arguments: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        properties: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        required: list[str] = []
+        for argument in arguments:
+            name = self.get_argument_name(argument)
+            argument_schema = self.generate_inner(argument['schema']).copy()
+            if 'title' not in argument_schema and self.field_title_should_be_set(argument['schema']):
+                argument_schema['title'] = self.get_title_from_name(name)
+            properties[name] = argument_schema
+
+            if argument['schema']['type'] != 'default':
+                # This assumes that if the argument has a default value,
+                # the inner schema must be of type WithDefaultSchema.
+                # I believe this is true, but I am not 100% sure
+                required.append(name)
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required:
+            json_schema['required'] = required
+
+        if var_kwargs_schema:
+            additional_properties_schema = self.generate_inner(var_kwargs_schema)
+            if additional_properties_schema:
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = additional_properties_schema
+        else:
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+        return json_schema
+
+    def p_arguments_schema(
+        self, arguments: list[core_schema.ArgumentsParameter], var_args_schema: CoreSchema | None
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's positional arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            arguments: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        prefix_items: list[JsonSchemaValue] = []
+        min_items = 0
+
+        for argument in arguments:
+            name = self.get_argument_name(argument)
+
+            argument_schema = self.generate_inner(argument['schema']).copy()
+            if 'title' not in argument_schema and self.field_title_should_be_set(argument['schema']):
+                argument_schema['title'] = self.get_title_from_name(name)
+            prefix_items.append(argument_schema)
+
+            if argument['schema']['type'] != 'default':
+                # This assumes that if the argument has a default value,
+                # the inner schema must be of type WithDefaultSchema.
+                # I believe this is true, but I am not 100% sure
+                min_items += 1
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'array'}
+        if prefix_items:
+            json_schema['prefixItems'] = prefix_items
+        if min_items:
+            json_schema['minItems'] = min_items
+
+        if var_args_schema:
+            items_schema = self.generate_inner(var_args_schema)
+            if items_schema:
+                json_schema['items'] = items_schema
+        else:
+            json_schema['maxItems'] = len(prefix_items)
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def get_argument_name(self, argument: core_schema.ArgumentsParameter | core_schema.ArgumentsV3Parameter) -> str:
+        """Retrieves the name of an argument.
+
+        Args:
+            argument: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The name of the argument.
+        """
+        name = argument['name']
+        if self.by_alias:
+            alias = argument.get('alias')
+            if isinstance(alias, str):
+                name = alias
+            else:
+                pass  # might want to do something else?
+        return name
+
+    def arguments_v3_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ArgumentsV3Schema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        arguments = schema['arguments_schema']
+        properties: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        required: list[str] = []
+        for argument in arguments:
+            mode = argument.get('mode', 'positional_or_keyword')
+            name = self.get_argument_name(argument)
+            argument_schema = self.generate_inner(argument['schema']).copy()
+            if mode == 'var_args':
+                argument_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': argument_schema}
+            elif mode == 'var_kwargs_uniform':
+                argument_schema = {'type': 'object', 'additionalProperties': argument_schema}
+
+            argument_schema.setdefault('title', self.get_title_from_name(name))
+            properties[name] = argument_schema
+
+            if (
+                (mode == 'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict' and 'required' in argument_schema)
+                or mode not in {'var_args', 'var_kwargs_uniform', 'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict'}
+                and argument['schema']['type'] != 'default'
+            ):
+                # This assumes that if the argument has a default value,
+                # the inner schema must be of type WithDefaultSchema.
+                # I believe this is true, but I am not 100% sure
+                required.append(name)
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required:
+            json_schema['required'] = required
+        return json_schema
+
+    def call_schema(self, schema: core_schema.CallSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function call.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['arguments_schema'])
+
+    def custom_error_schema(self, schema: core_schema.CustomErrorSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a custom error.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def json_schema(self, schema: core_schema.JsonSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a JSON object.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        content_core_schema = schema.get('schema') or core_schema.any_schema()
+        content_json_schema = self.generate_inner(content_core_schema)
+        if self.mode == 'validation':
+            return {'type': 'string', 'contentMediaType': 'application/json', 'contentSchema': content_json_schema}
+        else:
+            # self.mode == 'serialization'
+            return content_json_schema
+
+    def url_schema(self, schema: core_schema.UrlSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a URL.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'uri', 'minLength': 1}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.string)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def multi_host_url_schema(self, schema: core_schema.MultiHostUrlSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a URL that can be used with multiple hosts.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # Note: 'multi-host-uri' is a custom/pydantic-specific format, not part of the JSON Schema spec
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'multi-host-uri', 'minLength': 1}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.string)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def uuid_schema(self, schema: core_schema.UuidSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a UUID.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'uuid'}
+
+    def definitions_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DefinitionsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a JSON object with definitions.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        for definition in schema['definitions']:
+            try:
+                self.generate_inner(definition)
+            except PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema as e:  # noqa: PERF203
+                core_ref: CoreRef = CoreRef(definition['ref'])  # type: ignore
+                self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema[self.get_defs_ref((core_ref, self.mode))] = e
+                continue
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def definition_ref_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that references a definition.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        core_ref = CoreRef(schema['schema_ref'])
+        _, ref_json_schema = self.get_cache_defs_ref_schema(core_ref)
+        return ref_json_schema
+
+    def ser_schema(
+        self, schema: core_schema.SerSchema | core_schema.IncExSeqSerSchema | core_schema.IncExDictSerSchema
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue | None:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a serialized object.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        schema_type = schema['type']
+        if schema_type == 'function-plain' or schema_type == 'function-wrap':
+            # PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema or WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema
+            return_schema = schema.get('return_schema')
+            if return_schema is not None:
+                return self.generate_inner(return_schema)
+        elif schema_type == 'format' or schema_type == 'to-string':
+            # FormatSerSchema or ToStringSerSchema
+            return self.str_schema(core_schema.str_schema())
+        elif schema['type'] == 'model':
+            # ModelSerSchema
+            return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+        return None
+
+    def complex_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ComplexSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a complex number.
+
+        JSON has no standard way to represent complex numbers. Complex number is not a numeric
+        type. Here we represent complex number as strings following the rule defined by Python.
+        For instance, '1+2j' is an accepted complex string. Details can be found in
+        [Python's `complex` documentation][complex].
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string'}
+
+    # ### Utility methods
+
+    def get_title_from_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Retrieves a title from a name.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name to retrieve a title from.
+
+        Returns:
+            The title.
+        """
+        return name.title().replace('_', ' ').strip()
+
+    def field_title_should_be_set(self, schema: CoreSchemaOrField) -> bool:
+        """Returns true if a field with the given schema should have a title set based on the field name.
+
+        Intuitively, we want this to return true for schemas that wouldn't otherwise provide their own title
+        (e.g., int, float, str), and false for those that would (e.g., BaseModel subclasses).
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The schema to check.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field should have a title set, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        if _core_utils.is_core_schema_field(schema):
+            if schema['type'] == 'computed-field':
+                field_schema = schema['return_schema']
+            else:
+                field_schema = schema['schema']
+            return self.field_title_should_be_set(field_schema)
+
+        elif _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema):
+            if schema.get('ref'):  # things with refs, such as models and enums, should not have titles set
+                return False
+            if schema['type'] in {'default', 'nullable', 'definitions'}:
+                return self.field_title_should_be_set(schema['schema'])  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            if _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(schema):
+                return self.field_title_should_be_set(schema['schema'])
+            if schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+                # Referenced schemas should not have titles set for the same reason
+                # schemas with refs should not
+                return False
+            return True  # anything else should have title set
+
+        else:
+            raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(f'Unexpected schema type: schema={schema}')  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def normalize_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Normalizes a name to be used as a key in a dictionary.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name to normalize.
+
+        Returns:
+            The normalized name.
+        """
+        return re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]', '_', name).replace('.', '__')
+
+    def get_defs_ref(self, core_mode_ref: CoreModeRef) -> DefsRef:
+        """Override this method to change the way that definitions keys are generated from a core reference.
+
+        Args:
+            core_mode_ref: The core reference.
+
+        Returns:
+            The definitions key.
+        """
+        # Split the core ref into "components"; generic origins and arguments are each separate components
+        core_ref, mode = core_mode_ref
+        components = re.split(r'([\][,])', core_ref)
+        # Remove IDs from each component
+        components = [x.rsplit(':', 1)[0] for x in components]
+        core_ref_no_id = ''.join(components)
+        # Remove everything before the last period from each "component"
+        components = [re.sub(r'(?:[^.[\]]+\.)+((?:[^.[\]]+))', r'\1', x) for x in components]
+        short_ref = ''.join(components)
+
+        mode_title = _MODE_TITLE_MAPPING[mode]
+
+        # It is important that the generated defs_ref values be such that at least one choice will not
+        # be generated for any other core_ref. Currently, this should be the case because we include
+        # the id of the source type in the core_ref
+        name = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(short_ref))
+        name_mode = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(short_ref) + f'-{mode_title}')
+        module_qualname = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(core_ref_no_id))
+        module_qualname_mode = DefsRef(f'{module_qualname}-{mode_title}')
+        module_qualname_id = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(core_ref))
+        occurrence_index = self._collision_index.get(module_qualname_id)
+        if occurrence_index is None:
+            self._collision_counter[module_qualname] += 1
+            occurrence_index = self._collision_index[module_qualname_id] = self._collision_counter[module_qualname]
+
+        module_qualname_occurrence = DefsRef(f'{module_qualname}__{occurrence_index}')
+        module_qualname_occurrence_mode = DefsRef(f'{module_qualname_mode}__{occurrence_index}')
+
+        self._prioritized_defsref_choices[module_qualname_occurrence_mode] = [
+            name,
+            name_mode,
+            module_qualname,
+            module_qualname_mode,
+            module_qualname_occurrence,
+            module_qualname_occurrence_mode,
+        ]
+
+        return module_qualname_occurrence_mode
+
+    def get_cache_defs_ref_schema(self, core_ref: CoreRef) -> tuple[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue]:
+        """This method wraps the get_defs_ref method with some cache-lookup/population logic,
+        and returns both the produced defs_ref and the JSON schema that will refer to the right definition.
+
+        Args:
+            core_ref: The core reference to get the definitions reference for.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of the definitions reference and the JSON schema that will refer to it.
+        """
+        core_mode_ref = (core_ref, self.mode)
+        maybe_defs_ref = self.core_to_defs_refs.get(core_mode_ref)
+        if maybe_defs_ref is not None:
+            json_ref = self.core_to_json_refs[core_mode_ref]
+            return maybe_defs_ref, {'$ref': json_ref}
+
+        defs_ref = self.get_defs_ref(core_mode_ref)
+
+        # populate the ref translation mappings
+        self.core_to_defs_refs[core_mode_ref] = defs_ref
+        self.defs_to_core_refs[defs_ref] = core_mode_ref
+
+        json_ref = JsonRef(self.ref_template.format(model=defs_ref))
+        self.core_to_json_refs[core_mode_ref] = json_ref
+        self.json_to_defs_refs[json_ref] = defs_ref
+        ref_json_schema = {'$ref': json_ref}
+        return defs_ref, ref_json_schema
+
+    def handle_ref_overrides(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Remove any sibling keys that are redundant with the referenced schema.
+
+        Args:
+            json_schema: The schema to remove redundant sibling keys from.
+
+        Returns:
+            The schema with redundant sibling keys removed.
+        """
+        if '$ref' in json_schema:
+            # prevent modifications to the input; this copy may be safe to drop if there is significant overhead
+            json_schema = json_schema.copy()
+
+            referenced_json_schema = self.get_schema_from_definitions(JsonRef(json_schema['$ref']))
+            if referenced_json_schema is None:
+                # This can happen when building schemas for models with not-yet-defined references.
+                # It may be a good idea to do a recursive pass at the end of the generation to remove
+                # any redundant override keys.
+                return json_schema
+            for k, v in list(json_schema.items()):
+                if k == '$ref':
+                    continue
+                if k in referenced_json_schema and referenced_json_schema[k] == v:
+                    del json_schema[k]  # redundant key
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def get_schema_from_definitions(self, json_ref: JsonRef) -> JsonSchemaValue | None:
+        try:
+            def_ref = self.json_to_defs_refs[json_ref]
+            if def_ref in self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema:
+                raise self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema[def_ref]
+            return self.definitions.get(def_ref, None)
+        except KeyError:
+            if json_ref.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+                return None
+            raise
+
+    def encode_default(self, dft: Any) -> Any:
+        """Encode a default value to a JSON-serializable value.
+
+        This is used to encode default values for fields in the generated JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            dft: The default value to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded default value.
+        """
+        from .type_adapter import TypeAdapter, _type_has_config
+
+        config = self._config
+        try:
+            default = (
+                dft
+                if _type_has_config(type(dft))
+                else TypeAdapter(type(dft), config=config.config_dict).dump_python(
+                    dft, by_alias=self.by_alias, mode='json'
+                )
+            )
+        except PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+            raise pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError(f'Unable to encode default value {dft}')
+
+        return pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(
+            default, timedelta_mode=config.ser_json_timedelta, bytes_mode=config.ser_json_bytes, by_alias=self.by_alias
+        )
+
+    def update_with_validations(
+        self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue, core_schema: CoreSchema, mapping: dict[str, str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the json_schema with the corresponding validations specified in the core_schema,
+        using the provided mapping to translate keys in core_schema to the appropriate keys for a JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            json_schema: The JSON schema to update.
+            core_schema: The core schema to get the validations from.
+            mapping: A mapping from core_schema attribute names to the corresponding JSON schema attribute names.
+        """
+        for core_key, json_schema_key in mapping.items():
+            if core_key in core_schema:
+                json_schema[json_schema_key] = core_schema[core_key]
+
+    class ValidationsMapping:
+        """This class just contains mappings from core_schema attribute names to the corresponding
+        JSON schema attribute names. While I suspect it is unlikely to be necessary, you can in
+        principle override this class in a subclass of GenerateJsonSchema (by inheriting from
+        GenerateJsonSchema.ValidationsMapping) to change these mappings.
+        """
+
+        numeric = {
+            'multiple_of': 'multipleOf',
+            'le': 'maximum',
+            'ge': 'minimum',
+            'lt': 'exclusiveMaximum',
+            'gt': 'exclusiveMinimum',
+        }
+        bytes = {
+            'min_length': 'minLength',
+            'max_length': 'maxLength',
+        }
+        string = {
+            'min_length': 'minLength',
+            'max_length': 'maxLength',
+            'pattern': 'pattern',
+        }
+        array = {
+            'min_length': 'minItems',
+            'max_length': 'maxItems',
+        }
+        object = {
+            'min_length': 'minProperties',
+            'max_length': 'maxProperties',
+        }
+
+    def get_flattened_anyof(self, schemas: list[JsonSchemaValue]) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        members = []
+        for schema in schemas:
+            if len(schema) == 1 and 'anyOf' in schema:
+                members.extend(schema['anyOf'])
+            else:
+                members.append(schema)
+        members = _deduplicate_schemas(members)
+        if len(members) == 1:
+            return members[0]
+        return {'anyOf': members}
+
+    def get_json_ref_counts(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> dict[JsonRef, int]:
+        """Get all values corresponding to the key '$ref' anywhere in the json_schema."""
+        json_refs: dict[JsonRef, int] = Counter()
+
+        def _add_json_refs(schema: Any) -> None:
+            if isinstance(schema, dict):
+                if '$ref' in schema:
+                    json_ref = JsonRef(schema['$ref'])
+                    if not isinstance(json_ref, str):
+                        return  # in this case, '$ref' might have been the name of a property
+                    already_visited = json_ref in json_refs
+                    json_refs[json_ref] += 1
+                    if already_visited:
+                        return  # prevent recursion on a definition that was already visited
+                    try:
+                        defs_ref = self.json_to_defs_refs[json_ref]
+                        if defs_ref in self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema:
+                            raise self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema[defs_ref]
+                        _add_json_refs(self.definitions[defs_ref])
+                    except KeyError:
+                        if not json_ref.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+                            raise
+
+                for k, v in schema.items():
+                    if k == 'examples' and isinstance(v, list):
+                        # Skip examples that may contain arbitrary values and references
+                        # (see the comment in `_get_all_json_refs` for more details).
+                        continue
+                    _add_json_refs(v)
+            elif isinstance(schema, list):
+                for v in schema:
+                    _add_json_refs(v)
+
+        _add_json_refs(json_schema)
+        return json_refs
+
+    def handle_invalid_for_json_schema(self, schema: CoreSchemaOrField, error_info: str) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(f'Cannot generate a JsonSchema for {error_info}')
+
+    def emit_warning(self, kind: JsonSchemaWarningKind, detail: str) -> None:
+        """This method simply emits PydanticJsonSchemaWarnings based on handling in the `warning_message` method."""
+        message = self.render_warning_message(kind, detail)
+        if message is not None:
+            warnings.warn(message, PydanticJsonSchemaWarning)
+
+    def render_warning_message(self, kind: JsonSchemaWarningKind, detail: str) -> str | None:
+        """This method is responsible for ignoring warnings as desired, and for formatting the warning messages.
+
+        You can override the value of `ignored_warning_kinds` in a subclass of GenerateJsonSchema
+        to modify what warnings are generated. If you want more control, you can override this method;
+        just return None in situations where you don't want warnings to be emitted.
+
+        Args:
+            kind: The kind of warning to render. It can be one of the following:
+
+                - 'skipped-choice': A choice field was skipped because it had no valid choices.
+                - 'non-serializable-default': A default value was skipped because it was not JSON-serializable.
+            detail: A string with additional details about the warning.
+
+        Returns:
+            The formatted warning message, or `None` if no warning should be emitted.
+        """
+        if kind in self.ignored_warning_kinds:
+            return None
+        return f'{detail} [{kind}]'
+
+    def _build_definitions_remapping(self) -> _DefinitionsRemapping:
+        defs_to_json: dict[DefsRef, JsonRef] = {}
+        for defs_refs in self._prioritized_defsref_choices.values():
+            for defs_ref in defs_refs:
+                json_ref = JsonRef(self.ref_template.format(model=defs_ref))
+                defs_to_json[defs_ref] = json_ref
+
+        return _DefinitionsRemapping.from_prioritized_choices(
+            self._prioritized_defsref_choices, defs_to_json, self.definitions
+        )
+
+    def _garbage_collect_definitions(self, schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> None:
+        visited_defs_refs: set[DefsRef] = set()
+        unvisited_json_refs = _get_all_json_refs(schema)
+        while unvisited_json_refs:
+            next_json_ref = unvisited_json_refs.pop()
+            try:
+                next_defs_ref = self.json_to_defs_refs[next_json_ref]
+                if next_defs_ref in visited_defs_refs:
+                    continue
+                visited_defs_refs.add(next_defs_ref)
+                unvisited_json_refs.update(_get_all_json_refs(self.definitions[next_defs_ref]))
+            except KeyError:
+                if not next_json_ref.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+                    raise
+
+        self.definitions = {k: v for k, v in self.definitions.items() if k in visited_defs_refs}
+
+
+# ##### Start JSON Schema Generation Functions #####
+
+
+def model_json_schema(
+    cls: type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass],
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+    mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Utility function to generate a JSON Schema for a model.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The model class to generate a JSON Schema for.
+        by_alias: If `True` (the default), fields will be serialized according to their alias.
+            If `False`, fields will be serialized according to their attribute name.
+        ref_template: The template to use for generating JSON Schema references.
+        union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+              keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+            - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+              keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+              type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+              `any_of`.
+        schema_generator: The class to use for generating the JSON Schema.
+        mode: The mode to use for generating the JSON Schema. It can be one of the following:
+
+            - 'validation': Generate a JSON Schema for validating data.
+            - 'serialization': Generate a JSON Schema for serializing data.
+
+    Returns:
+        The generated JSON Schema.
+    """
+    from .main import BaseModel
+
+    schema_generator_instance = schema_generator(
+        by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format
+    )
+
+    if isinstance(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+        cls.__pydantic_core_schema__.rebuild()
+
+    if cls is BaseModel:
+        raise AttributeError('model_json_schema() must be called on a subclass of BaseModel, not BaseModel itself.')
+
+    assert not isinstance(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema), 'this is a bug! please report it'
+    return schema_generator_instance.generate(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, mode=mode)
+
+
+def models_json_schema(
+    models: Sequence[tuple[type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass], JsonSchemaMode]],
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+) -> tuple[dict[tuple[type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass], JsonSchemaMode], JsonSchemaValue], JsonSchemaValue]:
+    """Utility function to generate a JSON Schema for multiple models.
+
+    Args:
+        models: A sequence of tuples of the form (model, mode).
+        by_alias: Whether field aliases should be used as keys in the generated JSON Schema.
+        title: The title of the generated JSON Schema.
+        description: The description of the generated JSON Schema.
+        ref_template: The reference template to use for generating JSON Schema references.
+        union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+              keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+            - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+              keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+              type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+              `any_of`.
+        schema_generator: The schema generator to use for generating the JSON Schema.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple where:
+            - The first element is a dictionary whose keys are tuples of JSON schema key type and JSON mode, and
+                whose values are the JSON schema corresponding to that pair of inputs. (These schemas may have
+                JsonRef references to definitions that are defined in the second returned element.)
+            - The second element is a JSON schema containing all definitions referenced in the first returned
+                    element, along with the optional title and description keys.
+    """
+    for cls, _ in models:
+        if isinstance(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+            cls.__pydantic_core_schema__.rebuild()
+
+    instance = schema_generator(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format)
+    inputs: list[tuple[type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass], JsonSchemaMode, CoreSchema]] = [
+        (m, mode, m.__pydantic_core_schema__) for m, mode in models
+    ]
+    json_schemas_map, definitions = instance.generate_definitions(inputs)
+
+    json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if definitions:
+        json_schema['$defs'] = definitions
+    if title:
+        json_schema['title'] = title
+    if description:
+        json_schema['description'] = description
+
+    return json_schemas_map, json_schema
+
+
+# ##### End JSON Schema Generation Functions #####
+
+
+_HashableJsonValue: TypeAlias = Union[
+    int, float, str, bool, None, tuple['_HashableJsonValue', ...], tuple[tuple[str, '_HashableJsonValue'], ...]
+]
+
+
+def _deduplicate_schemas(schemas: Iterable[JsonDict]) -> list[JsonDict]:
+    return list({_make_json_hashable(schema): schema for schema in schemas}.values())
+
+
+def _make_json_hashable(value: JsonValue) -> _HashableJsonValue:
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        return tuple(sorted((k, _make_json_hashable(v)) for k, v in value.items()))
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        return tuple(_make_json_hashable(v) for v in value)
+    else:
+        return value
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class WithJsonSchema:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`WithJsonSchema` Annotation](../concepts/json_schema.md#withjsonschema-annotation)
+
+    An annotation used to override the JSON Schema for a type.
+
+    This is useful when you want to set a JSON Schema for a type that don't produce any JSON Schemas by default
+    (e.g. [`Callable`][collections.abc.Callable]).
+
+    If `mode` is set this will only apply to that schema generation mode, allowing you to set different JSON Schemas for validation and serialization.
+
+    !!! note
+        If the `WithJsonSchema` annotation is coupled with the [`Field()`][pydantic.Field] function, the behavior overriding will vary depending on the location:
+
+        * If the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] metadata is specified at the "top-level" field, `Field()` metadata arguments
+          (excluding [constraints](../concepts/fields.md#field-constraints)) such as `title` and `description` will be applied on
+          top of the `WithJsonSchema`, no matter the order:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, WithJsonSchema
+
+            class Model(BaseModel):
+                field: Annotated[
+                    int,
+                    Field(title='My Field'),
+                    WithJsonSchema({'type': 'integer', 'extra': 'data'}),
+                ]
+
+            Model.model_json_schema()['properties']['field']
+            #> {'type': 'integer', 'extra': 'data', 'title': 'My Field'}
+            ```
+
+        * If the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] metadata is specified on a specific inner type, `WithJsonSchema` will unconditionally
+          override the JSON Schema:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, WithJsonSchema
+
+            class Model(BaseModel):
+                field: list[
+                    Annotated[
+                        int,
+                        Field(title='My Field'),
+                        WithJsonSchema({'type': 'integer', 'extra': 'data'}),
+                    ]
+                ]
+
+            Model.model_json_schema()['properties']['field']
+            #> {'items': {'extra': 'data', 'type': 'integer'}, 'title': 'Field', 'type': 'array'}
+            ```
+
+        See also the documentation about [the annotated pattern](../concepts/fields.md#the-annotated-pattern).
+    """
+
+    json_schema: JsonSchemaValue | None
+    mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        if self.mode is not None and self.mode != handler.mode:
+            return handler(core_schema)
+        if self.json_schema is None:
+            # This exception is handled in pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema._named_required_fields_schema
+            raise PydanticOmit
+        else:
+            return self.json_schema.copy()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(type(self.mode))
+
+
+class Examples:
+    """Add examples to a JSON schema.
+
+    If the JSON Schema already contains examples, the provided examples
+    will be appended.
+
+    If `mode` is set this will only apply to that schema generation mode,
+    allowing you to add different examples for validation and serialization.
+    """
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated('Using a dict for `examples` is deprecated since v2.9 and will be removed in v3.0. Use a list instead.')
+    def __init__(
+        self, examples: dict[str, Any], mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, examples: list[Any], mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, examples: dict[str, Any] | list[Any], mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(examples, dict):
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Using a dict for `examples` is deprecated, use a list instead.',
+                PydanticDeprecatedSince29,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        self.examples = examples
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        mode = self.mode or handler.mode
+        json_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        if mode != handler.mode:
+            return json_schema
+        examples = json_schema.get('examples')
+        if examples is None:
+            json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(self.examples)
+        if isinstance(examples, dict):
+            if isinstance(self.examples, list):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    'Updating existing JSON Schema examples of type dict with examples of type list. '
+                    'Only the existing examples values will be retained. Note that dict support for '
+                    'examples is deprecated and will be removed in v3.0.',
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(
+                    [ex for value in examples.values() for ex in value] + self.examples
+                )
+            else:
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python({**examples, **self.examples})
+        if isinstance(examples, list):
+            if isinstance(self.examples, list):
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(examples + self.examples)
+            elif isinstance(self.examples, dict):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    'Updating existing JSON Schema examples of type list with examples of type dict. '
+                    'Only the examples values will be retained. Note that dict support for '
+                    'examples is deprecated and will be removed in v3.0.',
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(
+                    examples + [ex for value in self.examples.values() for ex in value]
+                )
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(type(self.mode))
+
+
+def _get_all_json_refs(item: Any) -> set[JsonRef]:
+    """Get all the definitions references from a JSON schema."""
+    refs: set[JsonRef] = set()
+    stack = [item]
+
+    while stack:
+        current = stack.pop()
+        if isinstance(current, dict):
+            for key, value in current.items():
+                if key == 'examples' and isinstance(value, list):
+                    # Skip examples that may contain arbitrary values and references
+                    # (e.g. `{"examples": [{"$ref": "..."}]}`). Note: checking for value
+                    # of type list is necessary to avoid skipping valid portions of the schema,
+                    # for instance when "examples" is used as a property key. A more robust solution
+                    # could be found, but would require more advanced JSON Schema parsing logic.
+                    continue
+                if key == '$ref' and isinstance(value, str):
+                    refs.add(JsonRef(value))
+                elif isinstance(value, dict):
+                    stack.append(value)
+                elif isinstance(value, list):
+                    stack.extend(value)
+        elif isinstance(current, list):
+            stack.extend(current)
+
+    return refs
+
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SkipJsonSchema = Annotated[AnyType, ...]
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class SkipJsonSchema:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`SkipJsonSchema` Annotation](../concepts/json_schema.md#skipjsonschema-annotation)
+
+        Add this as an annotation on a field to skip generating a JSON schema for that field.
+
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            from pprint import pprint
+            from typing import Union
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel
+            from pydantic.json_schema import SkipJsonSchema
+
+            class Model(BaseModel):
+                a: Union[int, None] = None  # (1)!
+                b: Union[int, SkipJsonSchema[None]] = None  # (2)!
+                c: SkipJsonSchema[Union[int, None]] = None  # (3)!
+
+            pprint(Model.model_json_schema())
+            '''
+            {
+                'properties': {
+                    'a': {
+                        'anyOf': [
+                            {'type': 'integer'},
+                            {'type': 'null'}
+                        ],
+                        'default': None,
+                        'title': 'A'
+                    },
+                    'b': {
+                        'default': None,
+                        'title': 'B',
+                        'type': 'integer'
+                    }
+                },
+                'title': 'Model',
+                'type': 'object'
+            }
+            '''
+            ```
+
+            1. The integer and null types are both included in the schema for `a`.
+            2. The integer type is the only type included in the schema for `b`.
+            3. The entirety of the `c` field is omitted from the schema.
+        """
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            self, core_schema: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            raise PydanticOmit
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(type(self))
+
+
+def _get_typed_dict_config(cls: type[Any] | None) -> ConfigDict:
+    if cls is not None:
+        try:
+            return _decorators.get_attribute_from_bases(cls, '__pydantic_config__')
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+    return {}
+
+
+def _get_ser_schema_for_default_value(schema: CoreSchema) -> core_schema.PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema | None:
+    """Get a `'function-plain'` serialization schema that can be used to serialize a default value.
+
+    This takes into account having the serialization schema nested under validation schema(s).
+    """
+    if (
+        (ser_schema := schema.get('serialization'))
+        and ser_schema['type'] == 'function-plain'
+        and not ser_schema.get('info_arg')
+    ):
+        return ser_schema
+    if _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(schema):
+        return _get_ser_schema_for_default_value(schema['schema'])
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ed62e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1838 @@
+"""Logic for creating models."""
+
+# Because `dict` is in the local namespace of the `BaseModel` class, we use `Dict` for annotations.
+# TODO v3 fallback to `dict` when the deprecated `dict` method gets removed.
+# ruff: noqa: UP035
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Mapping
+from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import pydantic_core
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, ValidationError
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, Unpack
+
+from . import PydanticDeprecatedSince20, PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+from ._internal import (
+    _config,
+    _decorators,
+    _fields,
+    _forward_ref,
+    _generics,
+    _mock_val_ser,
+    _model_construction,
+    _namespace_utils,
+    _repr,
+    _typing_extra,
+    _utils,
+)
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .aliases import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .config import ConfigDict, ExtraValues
+from .errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation, PydanticUserError
+from .json_schema import DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, GenerateJsonSchema, JsonSchemaMode, JsonSchemaValue, model_json_schema
+from .plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, SchemaSerializer, SchemaValidator
+
+    from ._internal._fields import PydanticExtraInfo
+    from ._internal._namespace_utils import MappingNamespace
+    from ._internal._utils import AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny
+    from .deprecated.parse import Protocol as DeprecatedParseProtocol
+    from .fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo, ModelPrivateAttr
+
+
+__all__ = 'BaseModel', 'create_model'
+
+# Keep these type aliases available at runtime:
+TupleGenerator: TypeAlias = Generator[tuple[str, Any], None, None]
+# NOTE: In reality, `bool` should be replaced by `Literal[True]` but mypy fails to correctly apply bidirectional
+# type inference (e.g. when using `{'a': {'b': True}}`):
+# NOTE: Keep this type alias in sync with the stub definition in `pydantic-core`:
+IncEx: TypeAlias = Union[set[int], set[str], Mapping[int, Union['IncEx', bool]], Mapping[str, Union['IncEx', bool]]]
+
+_object_setattr = _model_construction.object_setattr
+
+
+def _check_frozen(model_cls: type[BaseModel], name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    if model_cls.model_config.get('frozen'):
+        error_type = 'frozen_instance'
+    elif getattr(model_cls.__pydantic_fields__.get(name), 'frozen', False):
+        error_type = 'frozen_field'
+    else:
+        return
+
+    raise ValidationError.from_exception_data(
+        model_cls.__name__, [{'type': error_type, 'loc': (name,), 'input': value}]
+    )
+
+
+def _model_field_setattr_handler(model: BaseModel, name: str, val: Any) -> None:
+    model.__dict__[name] = val
+    model.__pydantic_fields_set__.add(name)
+
+
+def _private_setattr_handler(model: BaseModel, name: str, val: Any) -> None:
+    if getattr(model, '__pydantic_private__', None) is None:
+        # While the attribute should be present at this point, this may not be the case if
+        # users do unusual stuff with `model_post_init()` (which is where the  `__pydantic_private__`
+        # is initialized, by wrapping the user-defined `model_post_init()`), e.g. if they mock
+        # the `model_post_init()` call. Ideally we should find a better way to init private attrs.
+        object.__setattr__(model, '__pydantic_private__', {})
+    model.__pydantic_private__[name] = val  # pyright: ignore[reportOptionalSubscript]
+
+
+_SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS: Mapping[str, Callable[[BaseModel, str, Any], None]] = {
+    'model_field': _model_field_setattr_handler,
+    'validate_assignment': lambda model, name, val: model.__pydantic_validator__.validate_assignment(model, name, val),  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+    'private': _private_setattr_handler,
+    'cached_property': lambda model, name, val: model.__dict__.__setitem__(name, val),
+    'extra_known': lambda model, name, val: _object_setattr(model, name, val),
+}
+
+
+class BaseModel(metaclass=_model_construction.ModelMetaclass):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Models](../concepts/models.md)
+
+    A base class for creating Pydantic models.
+
+    Attributes:
+        __class_vars__: The names of the class variables defined on the model.
+        __private_attributes__: Metadata about the private attributes of the model.
+        __signature__: The synthesized `__init__` [`Signature`][inspect.Signature] of the model.
+
+        __pydantic_complete__: Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields.
+        __pydantic_core_schema__: The core schema of the model.
+        __pydantic_custom_init__: Whether the model has a custom `__init__` function.
+        __pydantic_decorators__: Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model.
+            This replaces `Model.__validators__` and `Model.__root_validators__` from Pydantic V1.
+        __pydantic_generic_metadata__: A dictionary containing metadata about generic Pydantic models.
+            The `origin` and `args` items map to the [`__origin__`][genericalias.__origin__]
+            and [`__args__`][genericalias.__args__] attributes of [generic aliases][types-genericalias],
+            and the `parameter` item maps to the `__parameter__` attribute of generic classes.
+        __pydantic_parent_namespace__: Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models.
+        __pydantic_post_init__: The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined.
+        __pydantic_root_model__: Whether the model is a [`RootModel`][pydantic.root_model.RootModel].
+        __pydantic_serializer__: The `pydantic-core` `SchemaSerializer` used to dump instances of the model.
+        __pydantic_validator__: The `pydantic-core` `SchemaValidator` used to validate instances of the model.
+
+        __pydantic_fields__: A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
+        __pydantic_computed_fields__: A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects.
+
+        __pydantic_extra__: A dictionary containing extra values, if [`extra`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra]
+            is set to `'allow'`.
+        __pydantic_fields_set__: The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation.
+        __pydantic_private__: Values of private attributes set on the model instance.
+    """
+
+    # Note: Many of the below class vars are defined in the metaclass, but we define them here for type checking purposes.
+
+    model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = ConfigDict()
+    """
+    Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [`ConfigDict`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
+    """
+
+    __class_vars__: ClassVar[set[str]]
+    """The names of the class variables defined on the model."""
+
+    __private_attributes__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """Metadata about the private attributes of the model."""
+
+    __signature__: ClassVar[Signature]
+    """The synthesized `__init__` [`Signature`][inspect.Signature] of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_complete__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+    """Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields."""
+
+    __pydantic_core_schema__: ClassVar[CoreSchema]
+    """The core schema of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_custom_init__: ClassVar[bool]
+    """Whether the model has a custom `__init__` method."""
+
+    # Must be set for `GenerateSchema.model_schema` to work for a plain `BaseModel` annotation.
+    __pydantic_decorators__: ClassVar[_decorators.DecoratorInfos] = _decorators.DecoratorInfos()
+    """Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model.
+    This replaces `Model.__validators__` and `Model.__root_validators__` from Pydantic V1."""
+
+    __pydantic_generic_metadata__: ClassVar[_generics.PydanticGenericMetadata]
+    """A dictionary containing metadata about generic Pydantic models.
+
+    The `origin` and `args` items map to the [`__origin__`][genericalias.__origin__]
+    and [`__args__`][genericalias.__args__] attributes of [generic aliases][types-genericalias],
+    and the `parameter` item maps to the `__parameter__` attribute of generic classes.
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_parent_namespace__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any] | None] = None  # noqa: UP006
+    """Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models."""
+
+    __pydantic_post_init__: ClassVar[None | Literal['model_post_init']]
+    """The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined."""
+
+    __pydantic_root_model__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+    """Whether the model is a [`RootModel`][pydantic.root_model.RootModel]."""
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__: ClassVar[SchemaSerializer]
+    """The `pydantic-core` `SchemaSerializer` used to dump instances of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_validator__: ClassVar[SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator]
+    """The `pydantic-core` `SchemaValidator` used to validate instances of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, FieldInfo]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
+    This replaces `Model.__fields__` from Pydantic V1.
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_setattr_handlers__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Callable[[BaseModel, str, Any], None]]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """`__setattr__` handlers. Memoizing the handlers leads to a dramatic performance improvement in `__setattr__`"""
+
+    __pydantic_computed_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects."""
+
+    __pydantic_extra_info__: ClassVar[PydanticExtraInfo | None]
+    """A wrapper around the `__pydantic_extra__` annotation, if explicitly annotated on a model.
+
+    This is a private attribute, not meant to be used outside Pydantic.
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_extra__: Dict[str, Any] | None = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)  # noqa: UP006
+    """A dictionary containing extra values, if [`extra`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra] is set to `'allow'`."""
+
+    __pydantic_fields_set__: set[str] = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)
+    """The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation."""
+
+    __pydantic_private__: Dict[str, Any] | None = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)  # noqa: UP006
+    """Values of private attributes set on the model instance."""
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # Prevent `BaseModel` from being instantiated directly
+        # (defined in an `if not TYPE_CHECKING` block for clarity and to avoid type checking errors):
+        __pydantic_core_schema__ = _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema(
+            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
+            code='base-model-instantiated',
+        )
+        __pydantic_validator__ = _mock_val_ser.MockValSer(
+            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
+            val_or_ser='validator',
+            code='base-model-instantiated',
+        )
+        __pydantic_serializer__ = _mock_val_ser.MockValSer(
+            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
+            val_or_ser='serializer',
+            code='base-model-instantiated',
+        )
+
+    __slots__ = '__dict__', '__pydantic_fields_set__', '__pydantic_extra__', '__pydantic_private__'
+
+    def __init__(self, /, **data: Any) -> None:
+        """Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.
+
+        Raises [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError] if the input data cannot be
+        validated to form a valid model.
+
+        `self` is explicitly positional-only to allow `self` as a field name.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        validated_self = self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(data, self_instance=self)
+        if self is not validated_self:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'A custom validator is returning a value other than `self`.\n'
+                "Returning anything other than `self` from a top level model validator isn't supported when validating via `__init__`.\n"
+                'See the `model_validator` docs (https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#model-validators) for more details.',
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+    # The following line sets a flag that we use to determine when `__init__` gets overridden by the user
+    __init__.__pydantic_base_init__ = True  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+
+    @_utils.deprecated_instance_property
+    @classmethod
+    def model_fields(cls) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+        """A mapping of field names to their respective [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] instances.
+
+        !!! warning
+            Accessing this attribute from a model instance is deprecated, and will not work in Pydantic V3.
+            Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.
+        """
+        return getattr(cls, '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+
+    @_utils.deprecated_instance_property
+    @classmethod
+    def model_computed_fields(cls) -> dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]:
+        """A mapping of computed field names to their respective [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] instances.
+
+        !!! warning
+            Accessing this attribute from a model instance is deprecated, and will not work in Pydantic V3.
+            Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.
+        """
+        return getattr(cls, '__pydantic_computed_fields__', {})
+
+    @property
+    def model_extra(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Get extra fields set during validation.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary of extra fields, or `None` if `config.extra` is not set to `"allow"`.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_extra__
+
+    @property
+    def model_fields_set(self) -> set[str]:
+        """Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            A set of strings representing the fields that have been set,
+                i.e. that were not filled from defaults.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_fields_set__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_construct(cls, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None, **values: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: C901
+        """Creates a new instance of the `Model` class with validated data.
+
+        Creates a new model setting `__dict__` and `__pydantic_fields_set__` from trusted or pre-validated data.
+        Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.
+
+        !!! note
+            `model_construct()` generally respects the `model_config.extra` setting on the provided model.
+            That is, if `model_config.extra == 'allow'`, then all extra passed values are added to the model instance's `__dict__`
+            and `__pydantic_extra__` fields. If `model_config.extra == 'ignore'` (the default), then all extra passed values are ignored.
+            Because no validation is performed with a call to `model_construct()`, having `model_config.extra == 'forbid'` does not result in
+            an error if extra values are passed, but they will be ignored.
+
+        Args:
+            _fields_set: A set of field names that were originally explicitly set during instantiation. If provided,
+                this is directly used for the [`model_fields_set`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_fields_set] attribute.
+                Otherwise, the field names from the `values` argument will be used.
+            values: Trusted or pre-validated data dictionary.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new instance of the `Model` class with validated data.
+        """
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        fields_values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        fields_set = set()
+
+        for name, field in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+            if field.alias is not None and field.alias in values:
+                fields_values[name] = values.pop(field.alias)
+                fields_set.add(name)
+
+            if (name not in fields_set) and (field.validation_alias is not None):
+                validation_aliases: list[str | AliasPath] = (
+                    field.validation_alias.choices
+                    if isinstance(field.validation_alias, AliasChoices)
+                    else [field.validation_alias]
+                )
+
+                for alias in validation_aliases:
+                    if isinstance(alias, str) and alias in values:
+                        fields_values[name] = values.pop(alias)
+                        fields_set.add(name)
+                        break
+                    elif isinstance(alias, AliasPath):
+                        value = alias.search_dict_for_path(values)
+                        if value is not PydanticUndefined:
+                            fields_values[name] = value
+                            fields_set.add(name)
+                            break
+
+            if name not in fields_set:
+                if name in values:
+                    fields_values[name] = values.pop(name)
+                    fields_set.add(name)
+                elif not field.is_required():
+                    fields_values[name] = field.get_default(call_default_factory=True, validated_data=fields_values)
+        if _fields_set is None:
+            _fields_set = fields_set
+
+        _extra: dict[str, Any] | None = values if cls.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow' else None
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', fields_values)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', _fields_set)
+        if not cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', _extra)
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+
+        if cls.__pydantic_post_init__:
+            m.model_post_init(None)
+            # update private attributes with values set
+            if hasattr(m, '__pydantic_private__') and m.__pydantic_private__ is not None:
+                for k, v in values.items():
+                    if k in m.__private_attributes__:
+                        m.__pydantic_private__[k] = v
+
+        return m
+
+    def model_copy(self, *, update: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None, deep: bool = False) -> Self:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`model_copy`](../concepts/models.md#model-copy)
+
+        Returns a copy of the model.
+
+        !!! note
+            The underlying instance's [`__dict__`][object.__dict__] attribute is copied. This
+            might have unexpected side effects if you store anything in it, on top of the model
+            fields (e.g. the value of [cached properties][functools.cached_property]).
+
+        Args:
+            update: Values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated
+                before creating the new model. You should trust this data.
+            deep: Set to `True` to make a deep copy of the model.
+
+        Returns:
+            New model instance.
+        """
+        copied = self.__deepcopy__() if deep else self.__copy__()
+        if update:
+            if self.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow':
+                for k, v in update.items():
+                    if k in self.__pydantic_fields__:
+                        copied.__dict__[k] = v
+                    else:
+                        if copied.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
+                            copied.__pydantic_extra__ = {}
+                        copied.__pydantic_extra__[k] = v
+            else:
+                copied.__dict__.update(update)
+            copied.__pydantic_fields_set__.update(update.keys())
+        return copied
+
+    def model_dump(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal['json', 'python'] | str = 'python',
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`model_dump`](../concepts/serialization.md#python-mode)
+
+        Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
+
+        Args:
+            mode: The mode in which `to_python` should run.
+                If mode is 'json', the output will only contain JSON serializable types.
+                If mode is 'python', the output may contain non-JSON-serializable Python objects.
+            include: A set of fields to include in the output.
+            exclude: A set of fields to exclude from the output.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias in the dictionary key if defined.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary representation of the model.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
+            self,
+            mode=mode,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            context=context,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+        )
+
+    def model_dump_json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`model_dump_json`](../concepts/serialization.md#json-mode)
+
+        Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic's `to_json` method.
+
+        Args:
+            indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.
+            ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+                If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+            include: Field(s) to include in the JSON output.
+            exclude: Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+            by_alias: Whether to serialize using field aliases.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+
+        Returns:
+            A JSON string representation of the model.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(
+            self,
+            indent=indent,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            context=context,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+        ).decode()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_json_schema(
+        cls,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+        mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
+        *,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Generates a JSON schema for a model class.
+
+        Args:
+            by_alias: Whether to use attribute aliases or not.
+            ref_template: The reference template.
+            union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+                - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+                keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+                - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+                keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+                type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+                `any_of`.
+            schema_generator: To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of
+                `GenerateJsonSchema` with your desired modifications
+            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON schema for the given model class.
+        """
+        return model_json_schema(
+            cls,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            union_format=union_format,
+            schema_generator=schema_generator,
+            mode=mode,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_parametrized_name(cls, params: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> str:
+        """Compute the class name for parametrizations of generic classes.
+
+        This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for generic BaseModels.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Tuple of types of the class. Given a generic class
+                `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+                the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.
+
+        Returns:
+            String representing the new class where `params` are passed to `cls` as type variables.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: Raised when trying to generate concrete names for non-generic models.
+        """
+        if not issubclass(cls, Generic):
+            raise TypeError('Concrete names should only be generated for generic models.')
+
+        # Any strings received should represent forward references, so we handle them specially below.
+        # If we eventually move toward wrapping them in a ForwardRef in __class_getitem__ in the future,
+        # we may be able to remove this special case.
+        param_names = [param if isinstance(param, str) else _repr.display_as_type(param) for param in params]
+        params_component = ', '.join(param_names)
+        return f'{cls.__name__}[{params_component}]'
+
+    def model_post_init(self, context: Any, /) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform additional initialization after `__init__` and `model_construct`.
+        This is useful if you want to do some validation that requires the entire model to be initialized.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_rebuild(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        force: bool = False,
+        raise_errors: bool = True,
+        _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
+        _types_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the model.
+
+        This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
+        the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.
+
+        Args:
+            force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the model schema, defaults to `False`.
+            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+            _parent_namespace_depth: The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.
+            _types_namespace: The types namespace, defaults to `None`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
+            If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
+        """
+        already_complete = cls.__pydantic_complete__
+        if already_complete and not force:
+            return None
+
+        cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False
+
+        for attr in ('__pydantic_core_schema__', '__pydantic_validator__', '__pydantic_serializer__'):
+            if attr in cls.__dict__ and not isinstance(getattr(cls, attr), _mock_val_ser.MockValSer):
+                # Deleting the validator/serializer is necessary as otherwise they can get reused in
+                # pydantic-core. We do so only if they aren't mock instances, otherwise — as `model_rebuild()`
+                # isn't thread-safe — concurrent model instantiations can lead to the parent validator being used.
+                # Same applies for the core schema that can be reused in schema generation.
+                delattr(cls, attr)
+
+        if _types_namespace is not None:
+            rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
+        elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
+            rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
+        else:
+            rebuild_ns = {}
+
+        parent_ns = _model_construction.unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(cls.__pydantic_parent_namespace__) or {}
+
+        ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+            parent_namespace={**rebuild_ns, **parent_ns},
+        )
+
+        return _model_construction.complete_model_class(
+            cls,
+            _config.ConfigWrapper(cls.model_config, check=False),
+            ns_resolver,
+            raise_errors=raise_errors,
+            # If the model was already complete, we don't need to call the hook again.
+            call_on_complete_hook=not already_complete,
+            is_force_rebuild=force,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_validate(
+        cls,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Validate a pydantic model instance.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object to validate.
+            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            from_attributes: Whether to extract data from object attributes.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If the object could not be validated.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated model instance.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(
+            obj,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            from_attributes=from_attributes,
+            context=context,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_validate_json(
+        cls,
+        json_data: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [JSON Parsing](../concepts/json.md#json-parsing)
+
+        Validate the given JSON data against the Pydantic model.
+
+        Args:
+            json_data: The JSON data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Pydantic model.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If `json_data` is not a JSON string or the object could not be validated.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_json(
+            json_data, strict=strict, extra=extra, context=context, by_alias=by_alias, by_name=by_name
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_validate_strings(
+        cls,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Validate the given object with string data against the Pydantic model.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object containing string data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Pydantic model.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_strings(
+            obj, strict=strict, extra=extra, context=context, by_alias=by_alias, by_name=by_name
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[BaseModel], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler, /) -> CoreSchema:
+        # This warning is only emitted when calling `super().__get_pydantic_core_schema__` from a model subclass.
+        # In the generate schema logic, this method (`BaseModel.__get_pydantic_core_schema__`) is special cased to
+        # *not* be called if not overridden.
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` method of the `BaseModel` class is deprecated. If you are calling '
+            '`super().__get_pydantic_core_schema__` when overriding the method on a Pydantic model, consider using '
+            '`handler(source)` instead. However, note that overriding this method on models can lead to unexpected '
+            'side effects.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        # Logic copied over from `GenerateSchema._model_schema`:
+        schema = cls.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
+        if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+            return cls.__pydantic_core_schema__
+
+        return handler(source)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls,
+        core_schema: CoreSchema,
+        handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler,
+        /,
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Hook into generating the model's JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            core_schema: A `pydantic-core` CoreSchema.
+                You can ignore this argument and call the handler with a new CoreSchema,
+                wrap this CoreSchema (`{'type': 'nullable', 'schema': current_schema}`),
+                or just call the handler with the original schema.
+            handler: Call into Pydantic's internal JSON schema generation.
+                This will raise a `pydantic.errors.PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema` if JSON schema
+                generation fails.
+                Since this gets called by `BaseModel.model_json_schema` you can override the
+                `schema_generator` argument to that function to change JSON schema generation globally
+                for a type.
+
+        Returns:
+            A JSON schema, as a Python object.
+        """
+        return handler(core_schema)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __pydantic_init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """This is intended to behave just like `__init_subclass__`, but is called by `ModelMetaclass`
+        only after basic class initialization is complete. In particular, attributes like `model_fields` will
+        be present when this is called, but forward annotations are not guaranteed to be resolved yet,
+        meaning that creating an instance of the class may fail.
+
+        This is necessary because `__init_subclass__` will always be called by `type.__new__`,
+        and it would require a prohibitively large refactor to the `ModelMetaclass` to ensure that
+        `type.__new__` was called in such a manner that the class would already be sufficiently initialized.
+
+        This will receive the same `kwargs` that would be passed to the standard `__init_subclass__`, namely,
+        any kwargs passed to the class definition that aren't used internally by Pydantic.
+
+        Args:
+            **kwargs: Any keyword arguments passed to the class definition that aren't used internally
+                by Pydantic.
+
+        Note:
+            You may want to override [`__pydantic_on_complete__()`][pydantic.main.BaseModel.__pydantic_on_complete__]
+            instead, which is called once the class and its fields are fully initialized and ready for validation.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __pydantic_on_complete__(cls) -> None:
+        """This is called once the class and its fields are fully initialized and ready to be used.
+
+        This typically happens when the class is created (just before
+        [`__pydantic_init_subclass__()`][pydantic.main.BaseModel.__pydantic_init_subclass__] is called on the superclass),
+        except when forward annotations are used that could not immediately be resolved.
+        In that case, it will be called later, when the model is rebuilt automatically or explicitly using
+        [`model_rebuild()`][pydantic.main.BaseModel.model_rebuild].
+        """
+
+    def __class_getitem__(
+        cls, typevar_values: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...]
+    ) -> type[BaseModel] | _forward_ref.PydanticRecursiveRef:
+        cached = _generics.get_cached_generic_type_early(cls, typevar_values)
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+
+        if cls is BaseModel:
+            raise TypeError('Type parameters should be placed on typing.Generic, not BaseModel')
+        if not hasattr(cls, '__parameters__'):
+            raise TypeError(f'{cls} cannot be parametrized because it does not inherit from typing.Generic')
+        if not cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters'] and Generic not in cls.__bases__:
+            raise TypeError(f'{cls} is not a generic class')
+
+        if not isinstance(typevar_values, tuple):
+            typevar_values = (typevar_values,)
+
+        # For a model `class Model[T, U, V = int](BaseModel): ...` parametrized with `(str, bool)`,
+        # this gives us `{T: str, U: bool, V: int}`:
+        typevars_map = _generics.map_generic_model_arguments(cls, typevar_values)
+        # We also update the provided args to use defaults values (`(str, bool)` becomes `(str, bool, int)`):
+        typevar_values = tuple(v for v in typevars_map.values())
+
+        if _utils.all_identical(typevars_map.keys(), typevars_map.values()) and typevars_map:
+            submodel = cls  # if arguments are equal to parameters it's the same object
+            _generics.set_cached_generic_type(cls, typevar_values, submodel)
+        else:
+            parent_args = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['args']
+            if not parent_args:
+                args = typevar_values
+            else:
+                args = tuple(_generics.replace_types(arg, typevars_map) for arg in parent_args)
+
+            origin = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or cls
+            model_name = origin.model_parametrized_name(args)
+            params = tuple(
+                dict.fromkeys(_generics.iter_contained_typevars(typevars_map.values()))
+            )  # use dict as ordered set
+
+            with _generics.generic_recursion_self_type(origin, args) as maybe_self_type:
+                cached = _generics.get_cached_generic_type_late(cls, typevar_values, origin, args)
+                if cached is not None:
+                    return cached
+
+                if maybe_self_type is not None:
+                    return maybe_self_type
+
+                # Attempt to rebuild the origin in case new types have been defined
+                try:
+                    # depth 2 gets you above this __class_getitem__ call.
+                    # Note that we explicitly provide the parent ns, otherwise
+                    # `model_rebuild` will use the parent ns no matter if it is the ns of a module.
+                    # We don't want this here, as this has unexpected effects when a model
+                    # is being parametrized during a forward annotation evaluation.
+                    parent_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=2) or {}
+                    origin.model_rebuild(_types_namespace=parent_ns)
+                except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
+                    # It's okay if it fails, it just means there are still undefined types
+                    # that could be evaluated later.
+                    pass
+
+                submodel = _generics.create_generic_submodel(model_name, origin, args, params)
+
+                _generics.set_cached_generic_type(cls, typevar_values, submodel, origin, args)
+
+        return submodel
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
+        """Returns a shallow copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', copy(self.__dict__))
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', copy(self.__pydantic_extra__))
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+
+        if not hasattr(self, '__pydantic_private__') or self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+        else:
+            _object_setattr(
+                m,
+                '__pydantic_private__',
+                {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined},
+            )
+
+        return m
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict[int, Any] | None = None) -> Self:
+        """Returns a deep copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', deepcopy(self.__dict__, memo=memo))
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', deepcopy(self.__pydantic_extra__, memo=memo))
+        # This next line doesn't need a deepcopy because __pydantic_fields_set__ is a set[str],
+        # and attempting a deepcopy would be marginally slower.
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+
+        if not hasattr(self, '__pydantic_private__') or self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+        else:
+            _object_setattr(
+                m,
+                '__pydantic_private__',
+                deepcopy({k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}, memo=memo),
+            )
+
+        return m
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+        # The same goes for __setattr__ and __delattr__, see: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8643
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            private_attributes = object.__getattribute__(self, '__private_attributes__')
+            if item in private_attributes:
+                attribute = private_attributes[item]
+                if hasattr(attribute, '__get__'):
+                    return attribute.__get__(self, type(self))  # type: ignore
+
+                try:
+                    # Note: self.__pydantic_private__ cannot be None if self.__private_attributes__ has items
+                    return self.__pydantic_private__[item]  # type: ignore
+                except KeyError as exc:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc
+            else:
+                # `__pydantic_extra__` can fail to be set if the model is not yet fully initialized.
+                # See `BaseModel.__repr_args__` for more details
+                try:
+                    pydantic_extra = object.__getattribute__(self, '__pydantic_extra__')
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pydantic_extra = None
+
+                if pydantic_extra and item in pydantic_extra:
+                    return pydantic_extra[item]
+                else:
+                    if hasattr(self.__class__, item):
+                        return super().__getattribute__(item)  # Raises AttributeError if appropriate
+                    else:
+                        # this is the current error
+                        raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
+
+        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+            if (setattr_handler := self.__pydantic_setattr_handlers__.get(name)) is not None:
+                setattr_handler(self, name, value)
+            # if None is returned from _setattr_handler, the attribute was set directly
+            elif (setattr_handler := self._setattr_handler(name, value)) is not None:
+                setattr_handler(self, name, value)  # call here to not memo on possibly unknown fields
+                self.__pydantic_setattr_handlers__[name] = setattr_handler  # memoize the handler for faster access
+
+        def _setattr_handler(self, name: str, value: Any) -> Callable[[BaseModel, str, Any], None] | None:
+            """Get a handler for setting an attribute on the model instance.
+
+            Returns:
+                A handler for setting an attribute on the model instance. Used for memoization of the handler.
+                Memoizing the handlers leads to a dramatic performance improvement in `__setattr__`
+                Returns `None` when memoization is not safe, then the attribute is set directly.
+            """
+            cls = self.__class__
+            if name in cls.__class_vars__:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f'{name!r} is a ClassVar of `{cls.__name__}` and cannot be set on an instance. '
+                    f'If you want to set a value on the class, use `{cls.__name__}.{name} = value`.'
+                )
+            elif not _fields.is_valid_field_name(name):
+                if (attribute := cls.__private_attributes__.get(name)) is not None:
+                    if hasattr(attribute, '__set__'):
+                        return lambda model, _name, val: attribute.__set__(model, val)
+                    else:
+                        return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['private']
+                else:
+                    _object_setattr(self, name, value)
+                    return None  # Can not return memoized handler with possibly freeform attr names
+
+            attr = getattr(cls, name, None)
+            # NOTE: We currently special case properties and `cached_property`, but we might need
+            # to generalize this to all data/non-data descriptors at some point. For non-data descriptors
+            # (such as `cached_property`), it isn't obvious though. `cached_property` caches the value
+            # to the instance's `__dict__`, but other non-data descriptors might do things differently.
+            if isinstance(attr, cached_property):
+                return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['cached_property']
+
+            _check_frozen(cls, name, value)
+
+            # We allow properties to be set only on non frozen models for now (to match dataclasses).
+            # This can be changed if it ever gets requested.
+            if isinstance(attr, property):
+                return lambda model, _name, val: attr.__set__(model, val)
+            elif cls.model_config.get('validate_assignment'):
+                return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['validate_assignment']
+            elif name not in cls.__pydantic_fields__:
+                if cls.model_config.get('extra') != 'allow':
+                    # TODO - matching error
+                    raise ValueError(f'"{cls.__name__}" object has no field "{name}"')
+                elif attr is None:
+                    # attribute does not exist, so put it in extra
+                    self.__pydantic_extra__[name] = value
+                    self.__pydantic_fields_set__.add(name)
+                    return None  # Can not return memoized handler with possibly freeform attr names
+                else:
+                    # attribute _does_ exist, and was not in extra, so update it
+                    return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['extra_known']
+            else:
+                return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['model_field']
+
+        def __delattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            cls = self.__class__
+
+            if item in self.__private_attributes__:
+                attribute = self.__private_attributes__[item]
+                if hasattr(attribute, '__delete__'):
+                    attribute.__delete__(self)  # type: ignore
+                    return
+
+                try:
+                    # Note: self.__pydantic_private__ cannot be None if self.__private_attributes__ has items
+                    del self.__pydantic_private__[item]  # type: ignore
+                    return
+                except KeyError as exc:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc
+
+            # Allow cached properties to be deleted (even if the class is frozen):
+            attr = getattr(cls, item, None)
+            if isinstance(attr, cached_property):
+                return object.__delattr__(self, item)
+
+            _check_frozen(cls, name=item, value=None)
+
+            if item in self.__pydantic_fields__:
+                object.__delattr__(self, item)
+            elif self.__pydantic_extra__ is not None and item in self.__pydantic_extra__:
+                del self.__pydantic_extra__[item]
+            else:
+                try:
+                    object.__delattr__(self, item)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
+
+        # Because we make use of `@dataclass_transform()`, `__replace__` is already synthesized by
+        # type checkers, so we define the implementation in this `if not TYPE_CHECKING:` block:
+        def __replace__(self, **changes: Any) -> Self:
+            return self.model_copy(update=changes)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
+        private = self.__pydantic_private__
+        if private:
+            private = {k: v for k, v in private.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}
+        return {
+            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
+            '__pydantic_extra__': self.__pydantic_extra__,
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__': self.__pydantic_fields_set__,
+            '__pydantic_private__': private,
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_fields_set__', state.get('__pydantic_fields_set__', {}))
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_extra__', state.get('__pydantic_extra__', {}))
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', state.get('__pydantic_private__', {}))
+        _object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state.get('__dict__', {}))
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+            if isinstance(other, BaseModel):
+                # When comparing instances of generic types for equality, as long as all field values are equal,
+                # only require their generic origin types to be equal, rather than exact type equality.
+                # This prevents headaches like MyGeneric(x=1) != MyGeneric[Any](x=1).
+                self_type = self.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or self.__class__
+                other_type = other.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or other.__class__
+
+                # Perform common checks first
+                if not (
+                    self_type is other_type
+                    and getattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', None) == getattr(other, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+                    # We need to assume `None` and `{}` are equivalent, because extra behavior
+                    # can be controlled at validation time:
+                    and (self.__pydantic_extra__ or {}) == (other.__pydantic_extra__ or {})
+                ):
+                    return False
+
+                # We only want to compare pydantic fields but ignoring fields is costly.
+                # We'll perform a fast check first, and fallback only when needed
+                # See GH-7444 and GH-7825 for rationale and a performance benchmark
+
+                # First, do the fast (and sometimes faulty) __dict__ comparison
+                if self.__dict__ == other.__dict__:
+                    # If the check above passes, then pydantic fields are equal, we can return early
+                    return True
+
+                # We don't want to trigger unnecessary costly filtering of __dict__ on all unequal objects, so we return
+                # early if there are no keys to ignore (we would just return False later on anyway)
+                model_fields = type(self).__pydantic_fields__.keys()
+                if self.__dict__.keys() <= model_fields and other.__dict__.keys() <= model_fields:
+                    return False
+
+                # If we reach here, there are non-pydantic-fields keys, mapped to unequal values, that we need to ignore
+                # Resort to costly filtering of the __dict__ objects
+                # We use operator.itemgetter because it is much faster than dict comprehensions
+                # NOTE: Contrary to standard python class and instances, when the Model class has a default value for an
+                # attribute and the model instance doesn't have a corresponding attribute, accessing the missing attribute
+                # raises an error in BaseModel.__getattr__ instead of returning the class attribute
+                # So we can use operator.itemgetter() instead of operator.attrgetter()
+                getter = operator.itemgetter(*model_fields) if model_fields else lambda _: _utils._SENTINEL
+                try:
+                    return getter(self.__dict__) == getter(other.__dict__)
+                except KeyError:
+                    # In rare cases (such as when using the deprecated BaseModel.copy() method),
+                    # the __dict__ may not contain all model fields, which is how we can get here.
+                    # getter(self.__dict__) is much faster than any 'safe' method that accounts
+                    # for missing keys, and wrapping it in a `try` doesn't slow things down much
+                    # in the common case.
+                    self_fields_proxy = _utils.SafeGetItemProxy(self.__dict__)
+                    other_fields_proxy = _utils.SafeGetItemProxy(other.__dict__)
+                    return getter(self_fields_proxy) == getter(other_fields_proxy)
+
+            # other instance is not a BaseModel
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented  # delegate to the other item in the comparison
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__init_subclass__` in a TYPE_CHECKING block because, even though we want the type-checking benefits
+        # described in the signature of `__init_subclass__` below, we don't want to modify the default behavior of
+        # subclass initialization.
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Unpack[ConfigDict]):
+            """This signature is included purely to help type-checkers check arguments to class declaration, which
+            provides a way to conveniently set model_config key/value pairs.
+
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+            class MyModel(BaseModel, extra='allow'): ...
+            ```
+
+            However, this may be deceiving, since the _actual_ calls to `__init_subclass__` will not receive any
+            of the config arguments, and will only receive any keyword arguments passed during class initialization
+            that are _not_ expected keys in ConfigDict. (This is due to the way `ModelMetaclass.__new__` works.)
+
+            Args:
+                **kwargs: Keyword arguments passed to the class definition, which set model_config
+
+            Note:
+                You may want to override `__pydantic_init_subclass__` instead, which behaves similarly but is called
+                *after* the class is fully initialized.
+            """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> TupleGenerator:
+        """So `dict(model)` works."""
+        yield from [(k, v) for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith('_')]
+        extra = self.__pydantic_extra__
+        if extra:
+            yield from extra.items()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
+        # Eagerly create the repr of computed fields, as this may trigger access of cached properties and as such
+        # modify the instance's `__dict__`. If we don't do it now, it could happen when iterating over the `__dict__`
+        # below if the instance happens to be referenced in a field, and would modify the `__dict__` size *during* iteration.
+        computed_fields_repr_args = [
+            (k, getattr(self, k)) for k, v in self.__pydantic_computed_fields__.items() if v.repr
+        ]
+
+        for k, v in self.__dict__.items():
+            field = self.__pydantic_fields__.get(k)
+            if field and field.repr:
+                if v is not self:
+                    yield k, v
+                else:
+                    yield k, self.__repr_recursion__(v)
+        # `__pydantic_extra__` can fail to be set if the model is not yet fully initialized.
+        # This can happen if a `ValidationError` is raised during initialization and the instance's
+        # repr is generated as part of the exception handling. Therefore, we use `getattr` here
+        # with a fallback, even though the type hints indicate the attribute will always be present.
+        try:
+            pydantic_extra = object.__getattribute__(self, '__pydantic_extra__')
+        except AttributeError:
+            pydantic_extra = None
+
+        if pydantic_extra is not None:
+            yield from ((k, v) for k, v in pydantic_extra.items())
+        yield from computed_fields_repr_args
+
+    # take logic from `_repr.Representation` without the side effects of inheritance, see #5740
+    __repr_name__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_name__
+    __repr_recursion__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_recursion__
+    __repr_str__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_str__
+    __pretty__ = _repr.Representation.__pretty__
+    __rich_repr__ = _repr.Representation.__rich_repr__
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__repr_str__(' ')
+
+    # ##### Deprecated methods from v1 #####
+    @property
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.', category=None
+    )
+    def __fields__(self) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return getattr(type(self), '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+
+    @property
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `__fields_set__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields_set` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def __fields_set__(self) -> set[str]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__fields_set__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields_set` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.__pydantic_fields_set__
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.', category=None)
+    def dict(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.model_dump(
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.', category=None)
+    def json(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        encoder: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        models_as_dict: bool = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if encoder is not PydanticUndefined:
+            raise TypeError('The `encoder` argument is no longer supported; use field serializers instead.')
+        if models_as_dict is not PydanticUndefined:
+            raise TypeError('The `models_as_dict` argument is no longer supported; use a model serializer instead.')
+        if dumps_kwargs:
+            raise TypeError('`dumps_kwargs` keyword arguments are no longer supported.')
+        return self.model_dump_json(
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `parse_obj` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.', category=None)
+    def parse_obj(cls, obj: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `parse_obj` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_validate(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `parse_raw` method is deprecated; if your data is JSON use `model_validate_json`, '
+        'otherwise load the data then use `model_validate` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def parse_raw(  # noqa: D102
+        cls,
+        b: str | bytes,
+        *,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `parse_raw` method is deprecated; if your data is JSON use `model_validate_json`, '
+            'otherwise load the data then use `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import parse
+
+        try:
+            obj = parse.load_str_bytes(
+                b,
+                proto=proto,
+                content_type=content_type,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+            )
+        except (ValueError, TypeError) as exc:
+            import json
+
+            # try to match V1
+            if isinstance(exc, UnicodeDecodeError):
+                type_str = 'value_error.unicodedecode'
+            elif isinstance(exc, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                type_str = 'value_error.jsondecode'
+            elif isinstance(exc, ValueError):
+                type_str = 'value_error'
+            else:
+                type_str = 'type_error'
+
+            # ctx is missing here, but since we've added `input` to the error, we're not pretending it's the same
+            error: pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails = {
+                # The type: ignore on the next line is to ignore the requirement of LiteralString
+                'type': pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError(type_str, str(exc)),  # type: ignore
+                'loc': ('__root__',),
+                'input': b,
+            }
+            raise pydantic_core.ValidationError.from_exception_data(cls.__name__, [error])
+        return cls.model_validate(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `parse_file` method is deprecated; load the data from file, then if your data is JSON '
+        'use `model_validate_json`, otherwise `model_validate` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def parse_file(  # noqa: D102
+        cls,
+        path: str | Path,
+        *,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `parse_file` method is deprecated; load the data from file, then if your data is JSON '
+            'use `model_validate_json`, otherwise `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import parse
+
+        obj = parse.load_file(
+            path,
+            proto=proto,
+            content_type=content_type,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+        )
+        return cls.parse_obj(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `from_orm` method is deprecated; set '
+        "`model_config['from_attributes']=True` and use `model_validate` instead.",
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def from_orm(cls, obj: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `from_orm` method is deprecated; set '
+            "`model_config['from_attributes']=True` and use `model_validate` instead.",
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if not cls.model_config.get('from_attributes', None):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'You must set the config attribute `from_attributes=True` to use from_orm', code=None
+            )
+        return cls.model_validate(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `construct` method is deprecated; use `model_construct` instead.', category=None)
+    def construct(cls, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None, **values: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `construct` method is deprecated; use `model_construct` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_construct(_fields_set=_fields_set, **values)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
+        'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def copy(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+        exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+        update: Dict[str, Any] | None = None,  # noqa UP006
+        deep: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Returns a copy of the model.
+
+        !!! warning "Deprecated"
+            This method is now deprecated; use `model_copy` instead.
+
+        If you need `include` or `exclude`, use:
+
+        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+        data = self.model_dump(include=include, exclude=exclude, round_trip=True)
+        data = {**data, **(update or {})}
+        copied = self.model_validate(data)
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            include: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to include in the copied model.
+            exclude: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to exclude in the copied model.
+            update: Optional dictionary of field-value pairs to override field values in the copied model.
+            deep: If True, the values of fields that are Pydantic models will be deep-copied.
+
+        Returns:
+            A copy of the model with included, excluded and updated fields as specified.
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
+            'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        values = dict(
+            copy_internals._iter(
+                self, to_dict=False, by_alias=False, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=False
+            ),
+            **(update or {}),
+        )
+        if self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
+            private = None
+        else:
+            private = {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}
+
+        if self.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
+            extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        else:
+            extra = self.__pydantic_extra__.copy()
+            for k in list(self.__pydantic_extra__):
+                if k not in values:  # k was in the exclude
+                    extra.pop(k)
+            for k in list(values):
+                if k in self.__pydantic_extra__:  # k must have come from extra
+                    extra[k] = values.pop(k)
+
+        # new `__pydantic_fields_set__` can have unset optional fields with a set value in `update` kwarg
+        if update:
+            fields_set = self.__pydantic_fields_set__ | update.keys()
+        else:
+            fields_set = set(self.__pydantic_fields_set__)
+
+        # removing excluded fields from `__pydantic_fields_set__`
+        if exclude:
+            fields_set -= set(exclude)
+
+        return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, values, fields_set, extra, private, deep=deep)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `schema` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` instead.', category=None)
+    def schema(  # noqa: D102
+        cls, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `schema` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_json_schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `schema_json` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` and json.dumps instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def schema_json(  # noqa: D102
+        cls, *, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, **dumps_kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `schema_json` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` and json.dumps instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        import json
+
+        from .deprecated.json import pydantic_encoder
+
+        return json.dumps(
+            cls.model_json_schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template),
+            default=pydantic_encoder,
+            **dumps_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `validate` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.', category=None)
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `validate` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_validate(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `update_forward_refs` method is deprecated; use `model_rebuild` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def update_forward_refs(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `update_forward_refs` method is deprecated; use `model_rebuild` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if localns:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError('`localns` arguments are not longer accepted.')
+        cls.model_rebuild(force=True)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_iter` will be removed and should no longer be used.', category=None
+    )
+    def _iter(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_iter` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._iter(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_copy_and_set_values` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def _copy_and_set_values(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_copy_and_set_values` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_get_value` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def _get_value(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_get_value` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._get_value(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_calculate_keys` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def _calculate_keys(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_calculate_keys` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._calculate_keys(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ModelT = TypeVar('ModelT', bound=BaseModel)
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    model_name: str,
+    /,
+    *,
+    __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    __doc__: str | None = None,
+    __base__: None = None,
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    __qualname__: str | None = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any | tuple[Any, Any],
+) -> type[BaseModel]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    model_name: str,
+    /,
+    *,
+    __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    __doc__: str | None = None,
+    __base__: type[ModelT] | tuple[type[ModelT], ...],
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    __qualname__: str | None = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any | tuple[Any, Any],
+) -> type[ModelT]: ...
+
+
+def create_model(  # noqa: C901
+    model_name: str,
+    /,
+    *,
+    __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    __doc__: str | None = None,
+    __base__: type[ModelT] | tuple[type[ModelT], ...] | None = None,
+    __module__: str | None = None,
+    __validators__: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    __qualname__: str | None = None,
+    # TODO PEP 747: replace `Any` by the TypeForm:
+    **field_definitions: Any | tuple[Any, Any],
+) -> type[ModelT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Dynamic Model Creation](../concepts/models.md#dynamic-model-creation)
+
+    Dynamically creates and returns a new Pydantic model, in other words, `create_model` dynamically creates a
+    subclass of [`BaseModel`][pydantic.BaseModel].
+
+    !!! warning
+        This function may execute arbitrary code contained in field annotations, if string references need to be evaluated.
+
+        See [Security implications of introspecting annotations](https://docs.python.org/3/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib-security) for more information.
+
+    Args:
+        model_name: The name of the newly created model.
+        __config__: The configuration of the new model.
+        __doc__: The docstring of the new model.
+        __base__: The base class or classes for the new model.
+        __module__: The name of the module that the model belongs to;
+            if `None`, the value is taken from `sys._getframe(1)`
+        __validators__: A dictionary of methods that validate fields. The keys are the names of the validation methods to
+            be added to the model, and the values are the validation methods themselves. You can read more about functional
+            validators [here](https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.9/concepts/validators/#field-validators).
+        __cls_kwargs__: A dictionary of keyword arguments for class creation, such as `metaclass`.
+        __qualname__: The qualified name of the newly created model.
+        **field_definitions: Field definitions of the new model. Either:
+
+            - a single element, representing the type annotation of the field.
+            - a two-tuple, the first element being the type and the second element the assigned value
+              (either a default or the [`Field()`][pydantic.Field] function).
+
+    Returns:
+        The new [model][pydantic.BaseModel].
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError: If `__base__` and `__config__` are both passed.
+    """
+    if __base__ is None:
+        __base__ = (cast('type[ModelT]', BaseModel),)
+    elif not isinstance(__base__, tuple):
+        __base__ = (__base__,)
+
+    __cls_kwargs__ = __cls_kwargs__ or {}
+
+    fields: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    annotations: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    for f_name, f_def in field_definitions.items():
+        if isinstance(f_def, tuple):
+            if len(f_def) != 2:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Field definition for {f_name!r} should a single element representing the type or a two-tuple, the first element '
+                    'being the type and the second element the assigned value (either a default or the `Field()` function).',
+                    code='create-model-field-definitions',
+                )
+
+            annotations[f_name] = f_def[0]
+            fields[f_name] = f_def[1]
+        else:
+            annotations[f_name] = f_def
+
+    if __module__ is None:
+        f = sys._getframe(1)
+        __module__ = f.f_globals['__name__']
+
+    namespace: dict[str, Any] = {'__annotations__': annotations, '__module__': __module__}
+    if __doc__:
+        namespace['__doc__'] = __doc__
+    if __qualname__ is not None:
+        namespace['__qualname__'] = __qualname__
+    if __validators__:
+        namespace.update(__validators__)
+    namespace.update(fields)
+    if __config__:
+        namespace['model_config'] = __config__
+    resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(__base__)
+    meta, ns, kwds = types.prepare_class(model_name, resolved_bases, kwds=__cls_kwargs__)
+    if resolved_bases is not __base__:
+        ns['__orig_bases__'] = __base__
+    namespace.update(ns)
+
+    return meta(
+        model_name,
+        resolved_bases,
+        namespace,
+        __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__=False,
+        _create_model_module=__module__,
+        **kwds,
+    )
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/mypy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/mypy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed4c308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/mypy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1412 @@
+"""This module includes classes and functions designed specifically for use with the mypy plugin."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from mypy.errorcodes import ErrorCode
+from mypy.expandtype import expand_type, expand_type_by_instance
+from mypy.nodes import (
+    ARG_NAMED,
+    ARG_NAMED_OPT,
+    ARG_OPT,
+    ARG_POS,
+    ARG_STAR2,
+    INVARIANT,
+    MDEF,
+    Argument,
+    AssignmentStmt,
+    Block,
+    CallExpr,
+    ClassDef,
+    Context,
+    Decorator,
+    DictExpr,
+    EllipsisExpr,
+    Expression,
+    FuncDef,
+    IfStmt,
+    JsonDict,
+    MemberExpr,
+    NameExpr,
+    PassStmt,
+    PlaceholderNode,
+    RefExpr,
+    Statement,
+    StrExpr,
+    SymbolTableNode,
+    TempNode,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeInfo,
+    Var,
+)
+from mypy.options import Options
+from mypy.plugin import (
+    CheckerPluginInterface,
+    ClassDefContext,
+    DynamicClassDefContext,
+    MethodContext,
+    Plugin,
+    ReportConfigContext,
+    SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+)
+from mypy.plugins.common import (
+    deserialize_and_fixup_type,
+)
+from mypy.semanal import set_callable_name
+from mypy.server.trigger import make_wildcard_trigger
+from mypy.state import state
+from mypy.type_visitor import TypeTranslator
+from mypy.typeops import map_type_from_supertype
+from mypy.types import (
+    AnyType,
+    CallableType,
+    Instance,
+    NoneType,
+    Type,
+    TypeOfAny,
+    TypeType,
+    TypeVarType,
+    UnionType,
+    get_proper_type,
+)
+from mypy.typevars import fill_typevars
+from mypy.util import get_unique_redefinition_name
+from mypy.version import __version__ as mypy_version
+
+from pydantic._internal import _fields
+from pydantic.version import parse_mypy_version
+
+CONFIGFILE_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy'
+METADATA_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy-metadata'
+BASEMODEL_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.main.BaseModel'
+CREATE_MODEL_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.main.create_model'
+BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME = 'pydantic_settings.main.BaseSettings'
+ROOT_MODEL_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.root_model.RootModel'
+MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME = 'pydantic._internal._model_construction.ModelMetaclass'
+FIELD_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.fields.Field'
+DATACLASS_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass'
+MODEL_VALIDATOR_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.functional_validators.model_validator'
+DECORATOR_FULLNAMES = {
+    'pydantic.functional_validators.field_validator',
+    'pydantic.functional_validators.model_validator',
+    'pydantic.functional_serializers.serializer',
+    'pydantic.functional_serializers.model_serializer',
+    'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators.validator',
+    'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators.root_validator',
+}
+IMPLICIT_CLASSMETHOD_DECORATOR_FULLNAMES = DECORATOR_FULLNAMES - {'pydantic.functional_serializers.model_serializer'}
+
+
+MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE = parse_mypy_version(mypy_version)
+BUILTINS_NAME = 'builtins'
+
+# Increment version if plugin changes and mypy caches should be invalidated
+__version__ = 2
+
+
+def plugin(version: str) -> type[Plugin]:
+    """`version` is the mypy version string.
+
+    We might want to use this to print a warning if the mypy version being used is
+    newer, or especially older, than we expect (or need).
+
+    Args:
+        version: The mypy version string.
+
+    Return:
+        The Pydantic mypy plugin type.
+    """
+    return PydanticPlugin
+
+
+class PydanticPlugin(Plugin):
+    """The Pydantic mypy plugin."""
+
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        self.plugin_config = PydanticPluginConfig(options)
+        self._plugin_data = self.plugin_config.to_data()
+        super().__init__(options)
+
+    def get_base_class_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[ClassDefContext], None] | None:
+        """Update Pydantic model class."""
+        sym = self.lookup_fully_qualified(fullname)
+        if sym and isinstance(sym.node, TypeInfo):  # pragma: no branch
+            # No branching may occur if the mypy cache has not been cleared
+            if sym.node.has_base(BASEMODEL_FULLNAME):
+                return self._pydantic_model_class_maker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_metaclass_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[ClassDefContext], None] | None:
+        """Update Pydantic `ModelMetaclass` definition."""
+        if fullname == MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_method_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[MethodContext], Type] | None:
+        """Adjust return type of `from_orm` method call."""
+        if fullname.endswith('.from_orm'):
+            return from_attributes_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_dynamic_class_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[DynamicClassDefContext], None] | None:
+        """Recognize `create_model()` calls as dynamic BaseModel subclasses."""
+        if fullname == CREATE_MODEL_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_create_model_callback
+        return None
+
+    def report_config_data(self, ctx: ReportConfigContext) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return all plugin config data.
+
+        Used by mypy to determine if cache needs to be discarded.
+        """
+        return self._plugin_data
+
+    def _pydantic_model_class_maker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        transformer = PydanticModelTransformer(ctx.cls, ctx.reason, ctx.api, self.plugin_config)
+        transformer.transform()
+
+    def _pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        """Reset dataclass_transform_spec attribute of ModelMetaclass.
+
+        Let the plugin handle it. This behavior can be disabled
+        if 'debug_dataclass_transform' is set to True', for testing purposes.
+        """
+        if self.plugin_config.debug_dataclass_transform:
+            return
+        info_metaclass = ctx.cls.info.declared_metaclass
+        assert info_metaclass, "callback not passed from 'get_metaclass_hook'"
+        if getattr(info_metaclass.type, 'dataclass_transform_spec', None):
+            info_metaclass.type.dataclass_transform_spec = None
+
+    def _pydantic_create_model_callback(self, ctx: DynamicClassDefContext) -> None:
+        """Make variables assigned from `create_model()` usable as types by mypy."""
+        # Determine the base class from __base__ argument if provided
+        base_fullname = BASEMODEL_FULLNAME
+        for arg_name, arg_expr in zip(ctx.call.arg_names, ctx.call.args):
+            if arg_name == '__base__' and isinstance(arg_expr, RefExpr) and arg_expr.node is not None:
+                if isinstance(arg_expr.node, TypeInfo):
+                    base_fullname = arg_expr.node.fullname
+                elif isinstance(arg_expr.node, Var) and isinstance(arg_expr.node.type, Instance):
+                    base_fullname = arg_expr.node.type.type.fullname
+
+        base_sym = ctx.api.lookup_fully_qualified_or_none(base_fullname)
+        if base_sym is None or not isinstance(base_sym.node, TypeInfo):
+            # Fall back to BaseModel
+            base_sym = ctx.api.lookup_fully_qualified_or_none(BASEMODEL_FULLNAME)
+            if base_sym is None or not isinstance(base_sym.node, TypeInfo):
+                return
+
+        base_info = base_sym.node
+        base_instance = fill_typevars(base_info)
+        assert isinstance(base_instance, Instance)
+
+        info = ctx.api.basic_new_typeinfo(ctx.name, base_instance, ctx.call.line)
+        info.metaclass_type = base_info.metaclass_type
+
+        ctx.api.add_symbol_table_node(ctx.name, SymbolTableNode(MDEF, info))
+
+
+class PydanticPluginConfig:
+    """A Pydantic mypy plugin config holder.
+
+    Attributes:
+        init_forbid_extra: Whether to add a `**kwargs` at the end of the generated `__init__` signature.
+        init_typed: Whether to annotate fields in the generated `__init__`.
+        warn_required_dynamic_aliases: Whether to raise required dynamic aliases error.
+        debug_dataclass_transform: Whether to not reset `dataclass_transform_spec` attribute
+            of `ModelMetaclass` for testing purposes.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'init_forbid_extra',
+        'init_typed',
+        'warn_required_dynamic_aliases',
+        'debug_dataclass_transform',
+    )
+    init_forbid_extra: bool
+    init_typed: bool
+    warn_required_dynamic_aliases: bool
+    debug_dataclass_transform: bool  # undocumented
+
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        if options.config_file is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+
+        toml_config = parse_toml(options.config_file)
+        if toml_config is not None:
+            config = toml_config.get('tool', {}).get('pydantic-mypy', {})
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = config.get(key, False)
+                if not isinstance(setting, bool):
+                    raise ValueError(f'Configuration value must be a boolean for key: {key}')
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+        else:
+            plugin_config = ConfigParser()
+            plugin_config.read(options.config_file)
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = plugin_config.getboolean(CONFIGFILE_KEY, key, fallback=False)
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+
+    def to_data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Returns a dict of config names to their values."""
+        return {key: getattr(self, key) for key in self.__slots__}
+
+
+def from_attributes_callback(ctx: MethodContext) -> Type:
+    """Raise an error if from_attributes is not enabled."""
+    model_type: Instance
+    ctx_type = ctx.type
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, TypeType):
+        ctx_type = ctx_type.item
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, CallableType) and isinstance(ctx_type.ret_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type.ret_type  # called on the class
+    elif isinstance(ctx_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type  # called on an instance (unusual, but still valid)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        detail = f'ctx.type: {ctx_type} (of type {ctx_type.__class__.__name__})'
+        error_unexpected_behavior(detail, ctx.api, ctx.context)
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    pydantic_metadata = model_type.type.metadata.get(METADATA_KEY)
+    if pydantic_metadata is None:
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    if not model_type.type.has_base(BASEMODEL_FULLNAME):
+        # not a Pydantic v2 model
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    from_attributes = pydantic_metadata.get('config', {}).get('from_attributes')
+    if from_attributes is not True:
+        error_from_attributes(model_type.type.name, ctx.api, ctx.context)
+    return ctx.default_return_type
+
+
+class PydanticModelField:
+    """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        alias: str | None,
+        is_frozen: bool,
+        has_dynamic_alias: bool,
+        has_default: bool,
+        strict: bool | None,
+        line: int,
+        column: int,
+        type: Type | None,
+        info: TypeInfo,
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.alias = alias
+        self.is_frozen = is_frozen
+        self.has_dynamic_alias = has_dynamic_alias
+        self.has_default = has_default
+        self.strict = strict
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+        self.type = type
+        self.info = info
+
+    def to_argument(
+        self,
+        current_info: TypeInfo,
+        typed: bool,
+        model_strict: bool,
+        force_optional: bool,
+        use_alias: bool,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool,
+        is_root_model_root: bool,
+    ) -> Argument:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.to_argument."""
+        variable = self.to_var(current_info, api, use_alias, force_typevars_invariant)
+
+        strict = model_strict if self.strict is None else self.strict
+        if typed or strict:
+            type_annotation = self.expand_type(current_info, api, include_root_type=True)
+        else:
+            type_annotation = AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit)
+
+        return Argument(
+            variable=variable,
+            type_annotation=type_annotation,
+            initializer=None,
+            kind=ARG_OPT
+            if is_root_model_root
+            else (ARG_NAMED_OPT if force_optional or self.has_default else ARG_NAMED),
+        )
+
+    def expand_type(
+        self,
+        current_info: TypeInfo,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool = False,
+        include_root_type: bool = False,
+    ) -> Type | None:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.expand_type."""
+        if force_typevars_invariant:
+            # In some cases, mypy will emit an error "Cannot use a covariant type variable as a parameter"
+            # To prevent that, we add an option to replace typevars with invariant ones while building certain
+            # method signatures (in particular, `__init__`). There may be a better way to do this, if this causes
+            # us problems in the future, we should look into why the dataclasses plugin doesn't have this issue.
+            if isinstance(self.type, TypeVarType):
+                modified_type = self.type.copy_modified()
+                modified_type.variance = INVARIANT
+                self.type = modified_type
+
+        if self.type is not None and self.info.self_type is not None:
+            # In general, it is not safe to call `expand_type()` during semantic analysis,
+            # however this plugin is called very late, so all types should be fully ready.
+            # Also, it is tricky to avoid eager expansion of Self types here (e.g. because
+            # we serialize attributes).
+            with state.strict_optional_set(api.options.strict_optional):
+                filled_with_typevars = fill_typevars(current_info)
+                # Cannot be TupleType as current_info represents a Pydantic model:
+                assert isinstance(filled_with_typevars, Instance)
+                if force_typevars_invariant:
+                    for arg in filled_with_typevars.args:
+                        if isinstance(arg, TypeVarType):
+                            arg.variance = INVARIANT
+
+                expanded_type = expand_type(self.type, {self.info.self_type.id: filled_with_typevars})
+                if include_root_type and isinstance(expanded_type, Instance) and is_root_model(expanded_type.type):
+                    # When a root model is used as a field, Pydantic allows both an instance of the root model
+                    # as well as instances of the `root` field type:
+                    root_type = expanded_type.type['root'].type
+                    if root_type is None:
+                        # Happens if the hint for 'root' has unsolved forward references
+                        return expanded_type
+                    expanded_root_type = expand_type_by_instance(root_type, expanded_type)
+                    expanded_type = UnionType([expanded_type, expanded_root_type])
+                return expanded_type
+        return self.type
+
+    def to_var(
+        self,
+        current_info: TypeInfo,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        use_alias: bool,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool = False,
+    ) -> Var:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.to_var."""
+        if use_alias and self.alias is not None:
+            name = self.alias
+        else:
+            name = self.name
+
+        return Var(name, self.expand_type(current_info, api, force_typevars_invariant))
+
+    def serialize(self) -> JsonDict:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.serialize."""
+        assert self.type
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'alias': self.alias,
+            'is_frozen': self.is_frozen,
+            'has_dynamic_alias': self.has_dynamic_alias,
+            'has_default': self.has_default,
+            'strict': self.strict,
+            'line': self.line,
+            'column': self.column,
+            'type': self.type.serialize(),
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, info: TypeInfo, data: JsonDict, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface) -> PydanticModelField:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.deserialize."""
+        data = data.copy()
+        typ = deserialize_and_fixup_type(data.pop('type'), api)
+        return cls(type=typ, info=info, **data)
+
+    def expand_typevar_from_subtype(self, sub_type: TypeInfo, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface) -> None:
+        """Expands type vars in the context of a subtype when an attribute is inherited
+        from a generic super type.
+        """
+        if self.type is not None:
+            with state.strict_optional_set(api.options.strict_optional):
+                self.type = map_type_from_supertype(self.type, sub_type, self.info)
+
+
+class PydanticModelClassVar:
+    """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.
+
+    ClassVars are ignored by subclasses.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: the ClassVar name
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, data: JsonDict) -> PydanticModelClassVar:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.deserialize."""
+        data = data.copy()
+        return cls(**data)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> JsonDict:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.serialize."""
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+        }
+
+
+class PydanticModelTransformer:
+    """Transform the BaseModel subclass according to the plugin settings.
+
+    Attributes:
+        tracked_config_fields: A set of field configs that the plugin has to track their value.
+    """
+
+    tracked_config_fields: set[str] = {
+        'extra',
+        'frozen',
+        'from_attributes',
+        'populate_by_name',
+        'validate_by_alias',
+        'validate_by_name',
+        'alias_generator',
+        'strict',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cls: ClassDef,
+        reason: Expression | Statement,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        plugin_config: PydanticPluginConfig,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._cls = cls
+        self._reason = reason
+        self._api = api
+
+        self.plugin_config = plugin_config
+
+    def transform(self) -> bool:
+        """Configures the BaseModel subclass according to the plugin settings.
+
+        In particular:
+
+        * determines the model config and fields,
+        * adds a fields-aware signature for the initializer and construct methods
+        * freezes the class if frozen = True
+        * stores the fields, config, and if the class is settings in the mypy metadata for access by subclasses
+        """
+        info = self._cls.info
+        is_a_root_model = is_root_model(info)
+        config = self.collect_config()
+        fields, class_vars = self.collect_fields_and_class_vars(config, is_a_root_model)
+        if fields is None or class_vars is None:
+            # Some definitions are not ready. We need another pass.
+            return False
+        for field in fields:
+            if field.type is None:
+                return False
+
+        is_settings = info.has_base(BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME)
+        self.add_initializer(fields, config, is_settings, is_a_root_model)
+        self.add_model_construct_method(fields, config, is_settings, is_a_root_model)
+        self.set_frozen(fields, self._api, frozen=config.frozen is True)
+
+        self.adjust_decorator_signatures()
+
+        info.metadata[METADATA_KEY] = {
+            'fields': {field.name: field.serialize() for field in fields},
+            'class_vars': {class_var.name: class_var.serialize() for class_var in class_vars},
+            'config': config.get_values_dict(),
+        }
+
+        return True
+
+    def adjust_decorator_signatures(self) -> None:
+        """When we decorate a function `f` with `pydantic.validator(...)`, `pydantic.field_validator`
+        or `pydantic.serializer(...)`, mypy sees `f` as a regular method taking a `self` instance,
+        even though pydantic internally wraps `f` with `classmethod` if necessary.
+
+        Teach mypy this by marking any function whose outermost decorator is a `validator()`,
+        `field_validator()` or `serializer()` call as a `classmethod`.
+        """
+        for sym in self._cls.info.names.values():
+            if isinstance(sym.node, Decorator):
+                first_dec = sym.node.original_decorators[0]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(first_dec, CallExpr)
+                    and isinstance(first_dec.callee, NameExpr)
+                    and first_dec.callee.fullname in IMPLICIT_CLASSMETHOD_DECORATOR_FULLNAMES
+                    # @model_validator(mode="after") is an exception, it expects a regular method
+                    and not (
+                        first_dec.callee.fullname == MODEL_VALIDATOR_FULLNAME
+                        and any(
+                            first_dec.arg_names[i] == 'mode' and isinstance(arg, StrExpr) and arg.value == 'after'
+                            for i, arg in enumerate(first_dec.args)
+                        )
+                    )
+                ):
+                    # TODO: Only do this if the first argument of the decorated function is `cls`
+                    sym.node.func.is_class = True
+
+    def collect_config(self) -> ModelConfigData:  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        """Collects the values of the config attributes that are used by the plugin, accounting for parent classes."""
+        cls = self._cls
+        config = ModelConfigData()
+
+        has_config_kwargs = False
+        has_config_from_namespace = False
+
+        # Handle `class MyModel(BaseModel, <name>=<expr>, ...):`
+        for name, expr in cls.keywords.items():
+            config_data = self.get_config_update(name, expr)
+            if config_data:
+                has_config_kwargs = True
+                config.update(config_data)
+
+        # Handle `model_config`
+        stmt: Statement | None = None
+        for stmt in cls.defs.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, (AssignmentStmt, ClassDef)):
+                continue
+
+            if isinstance(stmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+                if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) or lhs.name != 'model_config':
+                    continue
+
+                if isinstance(stmt.rvalue, CallExpr):  # calls to `dict` or `ConfigDict`
+                    for arg_name, arg in zip(stmt.rvalue.arg_names, stmt.rvalue.args):
+                        if arg_name is None:
+                            continue
+                        config.update(self.get_config_update(arg_name, arg, lax_extra=True))
+                elif isinstance(stmt.rvalue, DictExpr):  # dict literals
+                    for key_expr, value_expr in stmt.rvalue.items:
+                        if not isinstance(key_expr, StrExpr):
+                            continue
+                        config.update(self.get_config_update(key_expr.value, value_expr))
+
+            elif isinstance(stmt, ClassDef):
+                if stmt.name != 'Config':  # 'deprecated' Config-class
+                    continue
+                for substmt in stmt.defs.body:
+                    if not isinstance(substmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                        continue
+                    lhs = substmt.lvalues[0]
+                    if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr):
+                        continue
+                    config.update(self.get_config_update(lhs.name, substmt.rvalue))
+
+            if has_config_kwargs:
+                self._api.fail(
+                    'Specifying config in two places is ambiguous, use either Config attribute or class kwargs',
+                    cls,
+                )
+                break
+
+            has_config_from_namespace = True
+
+        if has_config_kwargs or has_config_from_namespace:
+            if (
+                stmt
+                and config.has_alias_generator
+                and not (config.validate_by_name or config.populate_by_name)
+                and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+            ):
+                error_required_dynamic_aliases(self._api, stmt)
+
+        for info in cls.info.mro[1:]:  # 0 is the current class
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            # Each class depends on the set of fields in its ancestors
+            self._api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(info.fullname))
+            for name, value in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['config'].items():
+                config.setdefault(name, value)
+        return config
+
+    def collect_fields_and_class_vars(
+        self, model_config: ModelConfigData, is_root_model: bool
+    ) -> tuple[list[PydanticModelField] | None, list[PydanticModelClassVar] | None]:
+        """Collects the fields for the model, accounting for parent classes."""
+        cls = self._cls
+
+        # First, collect fields and ClassVars belonging to any class in the MRO, ignoring duplicates.
+        #
+        # We iterate through the MRO in reverse because attrs defined in the parent must appear
+        # earlier in the attributes list than attrs defined in the child. See:
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#inheritance
+        #
+        # However, we also want fields defined in the subtype to override ones defined
+        # in the parent. We can implement this via a dict without disrupting the attr order
+        # because dicts preserve insertion order in Python 3.7+.
+        found_fields: dict[str, PydanticModelField] = {}
+        found_class_vars: dict[str, PydanticModelClassVar] = {}
+        for info in reversed(cls.info.mro[1:-1]):  # 0 is the current class, -2 is BaseModel, -1 is object
+            # if BASEMODEL_METADATA_TAG_KEY in info.metadata and BASEMODEL_METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+            #     # We haven't processed the base class yet. Need another pass.
+            #     return None, None
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            # Each class depends on the set of attributes in its dataclass ancestors.
+            self._api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(info.fullname))
+
+            for name, data in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['fields'].items():
+                field = PydanticModelField.deserialize(info, data, self._api)
+                # (The following comment comes directly from the dataclasses plugin)
+                # TODO: We shouldn't be performing type operations during the main
+                #       semantic analysis pass, since some TypeInfo attributes might
+                #       still be in flux. This should be performed in a later phase.
+                field.expand_typevar_from_subtype(cls.info, self._api)
+                found_fields[name] = field
+
+                sym_node = cls.info.names.get(name)
+                if sym_node and sym_node.node and not isinstance(sym_node.node, (Var, PlaceholderNode)):
+                    self._api.fail(
+                        'BaseModel field may only be overridden by another field',
+                        sym_node.node,
+                    )
+            # Collect ClassVars
+            for name, data in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['class_vars'].items():
+                found_class_vars[name] = PydanticModelClassVar.deserialize(data)
+
+        # Second, collect fields and ClassVars belonging to the current class.
+        current_field_names: set[str] = set()
+        current_class_vars_names: set[str] = set()
+        for stmt in self._get_assignment_statements_from_block(cls.defs):
+            maybe_field = self.collect_field_or_class_var_from_stmt(stmt, model_config, found_class_vars)
+            if maybe_field is None:
+                continue
+
+            lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+            assert isinstance(lhs, NameExpr)  # collect_field_or_class_var_from_stmt guarantees this
+            if isinstance(maybe_field, PydanticModelField):
+                if is_root_model and lhs.name != 'root':
+                    error_extra_fields_on_root_model(self._api, stmt)
+                else:
+                    current_field_names.add(lhs.name)
+                    found_fields[lhs.name] = maybe_field
+            elif isinstance(maybe_field, PydanticModelClassVar):
+                current_class_vars_names.add(lhs.name)
+                found_class_vars[lhs.name] = maybe_field
+
+        return list(found_fields.values()), list(found_class_vars.values())
+
+    def _get_assignment_statements_from_if_statement(self, stmt: IfStmt) -> Iterator[AssignmentStmt]:
+        for body in stmt.body:
+            if not body.is_unreachable:
+                yield from self._get_assignment_statements_from_block(body)
+        if stmt.else_body is not None and not stmt.else_body.is_unreachable:
+            yield from self._get_assignment_statements_from_block(stmt.else_body)
+
+    def _get_assignment_statements_from_block(self, block: Block) -> Iterator[AssignmentStmt]:
+        for stmt in block.body:
+            if isinstance(stmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                yield stmt
+            elif isinstance(stmt, IfStmt):
+                yield from self._get_assignment_statements_from_if_statement(stmt)
+
+    def collect_field_or_class_var_from_stmt(  # noqa C901
+        self, stmt: AssignmentStmt, model_config: ModelConfigData, class_vars: dict[str, PydanticModelClassVar]
+    ) -> PydanticModelField | PydanticModelClassVar | None:
+        """Get pydantic model field from statement.
+
+        Args:
+            stmt: The statement.
+            model_config: Configuration settings for the model.
+            class_vars: ClassVars already known to be defined on the model.
+
+        Returns:
+            A pydantic model field if it could find the field in statement. Otherwise, `None`.
+        """
+        cls = self._cls
+
+        lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+        if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) or not _fields.is_valid_field_name(lhs.name) or lhs.name == 'model_config':
+            return None
+
+        if not stmt.new_syntax:
+            if (
+                isinstance(stmt.rvalue, CallExpr)
+                and isinstance(stmt.rvalue.callee, CallExpr)
+                and isinstance(stmt.rvalue.callee.callee, NameExpr)
+                and stmt.rvalue.callee.callee.fullname in DECORATOR_FULLNAMES
+            ):
+                # This is a (possibly-reused) validator or serializer, not a field
+                # In particular, it looks something like: my_validator = validator('my_field')(f)
+                # Eventually, we may want to attempt to respect model_config['ignored_types']
+                return None
+
+            if lhs.name in class_vars:
+                # Class vars are not fields and are not required to be annotated
+                return None
+
+            # The assignment does not have an annotation, and it's not anything else we recognize
+            error_untyped_fields(self._api, stmt)
+            return None
+
+        lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+        if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr):
+            return None
+
+        if not _fields.is_valid_field_name(lhs.name) or lhs.name == 'model_config':
+            return None
+
+        sym = cls.info.names.get(lhs.name)
+        if sym is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            # This is likely due to a star import (see the dataclasses plugin for a more detailed explanation)
+            # This is the same logic used in the dataclasses plugin
+            return None
+
+        node = sym.node
+        if isinstance(node, PlaceholderNode):  # pragma: no cover
+            # See the PlaceholderNode docstring for more detail about how this can occur
+            # Basically, it is an edge case when dealing with complex import logic
+
+            # The dataclasses plugin now asserts this cannot happen, but I'd rather not error if it does..
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(node, TypeAlias):
+            self._api.fail(
+                'Type aliases inside BaseModel definitions are not supported at runtime',
+                node,
+            )
+            # Skip processing this node. This doesn't match the runtime behaviour,
+            # but the only alternative would be to modify the SymbolTable,
+            # and it's a little hairy to do that in a plugin.
+            return None
+
+        if not isinstance(node, Var):  # pragma: no cover
+            # Don't know if this edge case still happens with the `is_valid_field` check above
+            # but better safe than sorry
+
+            # The dataclasses plugin now asserts this cannot happen, but I'd rather not error if it does..
+            return None
+
+        # x: ClassVar[int] is not a field
+        if node.is_classvar:
+            return PydanticModelClassVar(lhs.name)
+
+        # x: InitVar[int] is not supported in BaseModel
+        node_type = get_proper_type(node.type)
+        if isinstance(node_type, Instance) and node_type.type.fullname == 'dataclasses.InitVar':
+            self._api.fail(
+                'InitVar is not supported in BaseModel',
+                node,
+            )
+
+        has_default = self.get_has_default(stmt)
+        strict = self.get_strict(stmt)
+
+        if sym.type is None and node.is_final and node.is_inferred:
+            # This follows the logic from the dataclasses plugin. The following comment is taken verbatim:
+            #
+            # This is a special case, assignment like x: Final = 42 is classified
+            # annotated above, but mypy strips the `Final` turning it into x = 42.
+            # We do not support inferred types in dataclasses, so we can try inferring
+            # type for simple literals, and otherwise require an explicit type
+            # argument for Final[...].
+            typ = self._api.analyze_simple_literal_type(stmt.rvalue, is_final=True)
+            if typ:
+                node.type = typ
+            else:
+                self._api.fail(
+                    'Need type argument for Final[...] with non-literal default in BaseModel',
+                    stmt,
+                )
+                node.type = AnyType(TypeOfAny.from_error)
+
+        if node.is_final and has_default:
+            # TODO this path should be removed (see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/11119)
+            return PydanticModelClassVar(lhs.name)
+
+        alias, has_dynamic_alias = self.get_alias_info(stmt)
+        if (
+            has_dynamic_alias
+            and not (model_config.validate_by_name or model_config.populate_by_name)
+            and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+        ):
+            error_required_dynamic_aliases(self._api, stmt)
+        is_frozen = self.is_field_frozen(stmt)
+
+        init_type = self._infer_dataclass_attr_init_type(sym, lhs.name, stmt)
+        return PydanticModelField(
+            name=lhs.name,
+            has_dynamic_alias=has_dynamic_alias,
+            has_default=has_default,
+            strict=strict,
+            alias=alias,
+            is_frozen=is_frozen,
+            line=stmt.line,
+            column=stmt.column,
+            type=init_type,
+            info=cls.info,
+        )
+
+    def _infer_dataclass_attr_init_type(self, sym: SymbolTableNode, name: str, context: Context) -> Type | None:
+        """Infer __init__ argument type for an attribute.
+
+        In particular, possibly use the signature of __set__.
+        """
+        default = sym.type
+        if sym.implicit:
+            return default
+        t = get_proper_type(sym.type)
+
+        # Perform a simple-minded inference from the signature of __set__, if present.
+        # We can't use mypy.checkmember here, since this plugin runs before type checking.
+        # We only support some basic scanerios here, which is hopefully sufficient for
+        # the vast majority of use cases.
+        if not isinstance(t, Instance):
+            return default
+        setter = t.type.get('__set__')
+        if setter:
+            if isinstance(setter.node, FuncDef):
+                super_info = t.type.get_containing_type_info('__set__')
+                assert super_info
+                if setter.type:
+                    setter_type = get_proper_type(map_type_from_supertype(setter.type, t.type, super_info))
+                else:
+                    return AnyType(TypeOfAny.unannotated)
+                if isinstance(setter_type, CallableType) and setter_type.arg_kinds == [
+                    ARG_POS,
+                    ARG_POS,
+                    ARG_POS,
+                ]:
+                    return expand_type_by_instance(setter_type.arg_types[2], t)
+                else:
+                    self._api.fail(f'Unsupported signature for "__set__" in "{t.type.name}"', context)
+            else:
+                self._api.fail(f'Unsupported "__set__" in "{t.type.name}"', context)
+
+        return default
+
+    def add_initializer(
+        self, fields: list[PydanticModelField], config: ModelConfigData, is_settings: bool, is_root_model: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a fields-aware `__init__` method to the class.
+
+        The added `__init__` will be annotated with types vs. all `Any` depending on the plugin settings.
+        """
+        if '__init__' in self._cls.info.names and not self._cls.info.names['__init__'].plugin_generated:
+            return  # Don't generate an __init__ if one already exists
+
+        typed = self.plugin_config.init_typed
+        model_strict = bool(config.strict)
+        use_alias = not (config.validate_by_name or config.populate_by_name) and config.validate_by_alias is not False
+        requires_dynamic_aliases = bool(config.has_alias_generator and not config.validate_by_name)
+        args = self.get_field_arguments(
+            fields,
+            typed=typed,
+            model_strict=model_strict,
+            requires_dynamic_aliases=requires_dynamic_aliases,
+            use_alias=use_alias,
+            is_settings=is_settings,
+            is_root_model=is_root_model,
+            force_typevars_invariant=True,
+        )
+
+        if is_settings:
+            base_settings_node = self._api.lookup_fully_qualified(BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME).node
+            assert isinstance(base_settings_node, TypeInfo)
+            if '__init__' in base_settings_node.names:
+                base_settings_init_node = base_settings_node.names['__init__'].node
+                assert isinstance(base_settings_init_node, FuncDef)
+                if base_settings_init_node is not None and base_settings_init_node.type is not None:
+                    func_type = base_settings_init_node.type
+                    assert isinstance(func_type, CallableType)
+                    for arg_idx, arg_name in enumerate(func_type.arg_names):
+                        if arg_name is None or arg_name.startswith('__') or not arg_name.startswith('_'):
+                            continue
+                        analyzed_variable_type = self._api.anal_type(func_type.arg_types[arg_idx])
+                        if analyzed_variable_type is not None and arg_name in (
+                            '_cli_settings_source',
+                            '_build_sources',
+                        ):
+                            # These arg names are annotated with types explicitly parameterized with `Any`, and as such
+                            # the Any causes issues with --disallow-any-explicit. As a workaround, change
+                            # the Any type (as if the generic type was left unparameterized):
+                            analyzed_variable_type = analyzed_variable_type.accept(
+                                ChangeExplicitTypeOfAny(TypeOfAny.from_omitted_generics)
+                            )
+                        variable = Var(arg_name, analyzed_variable_type)
+                        args.append(Argument(variable, analyzed_variable_type, None, ARG_OPT))
+
+        if not self.should_init_forbid_extra(fields, config):
+            var = Var('kwargs')
+            args.append(Argument(var, AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit), None, ARG_STAR2))
+
+        add_method(self._api, self._cls, '__init__', args=args, return_type=NoneType())
+
+    def add_model_construct_method(
+        self,
+        fields: list[PydanticModelField],
+        config: ModelConfigData,
+        is_settings: bool,
+        is_root_model: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a fully typed `model_construct` classmethod to the class.
+
+        Similar to the fields-aware __init__ method, but always uses the field names (not aliases),
+        and does not treat settings fields as optional.
+        """
+        set_str = self._api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.set', [self._api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.str')])
+        optional_set_str = UnionType([set_str, NoneType()])
+        fields_set_argument = Argument(Var('_fields_set', optional_set_str), optional_set_str, None, ARG_OPT)
+        with state.strict_optional_set(self._api.options.strict_optional):
+            args = self.get_field_arguments(
+                fields,
+                typed=True,
+                model_strict=bool(config.strict),
+                requires_dynamic_aliases=False,
+                use_alias=False,
+                is_settings=is_settings,
+                is_root_model=is_root_model,
+            )
+        if not self.should_init_forbid_extra(fields, config):
+            var = Var('kwargs')
+            args.append(Argument(var, AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit), None, ARG_STAR2))
+
+        args = args + [fields_set_argument] if is_root_model else [fields_set_argument] + args
+
+        add_method(
+            self._api,
+            self._cls,
+            'model_construct',
+            args=args,
+            return_type=fill_typevars(self._cls.info),
+            is_classmethod=True,
+        )
+
+    def set_frozen(self, fields: list[PydanticModelField], api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, frozen: bool) -> None:
+        """Marks all fields as properties so that attempts to set them trigger mypy errors.
+
+        This is the same approach used by the attrs and dataclasses plugins.
+        """
+        info = self._cls.info
+        for field in fields:
+            sym_node = info.names.get(field.name)
+            if sym_node is not None:
+                var = sym_node.node
+                if isinstance(var, Var):
+                    var.is_property = frozen or field.is_frozen
+                elif isinstance(var, PlaceholderNode) and not self._api.final_iteration:
+                    # See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5191 to hit this branch for test coverage
+                    self._api.defer()
+                # `var` can also be a FuncDef or Decorator node (e.g. when overriding a field with a function or property).
+                # In that case, we don't want to do anything. Mypy will already raise an error that a field was not properly
+                # overridden.
+            else:
+                var = field.to_var(info, api, use_alias=False)
+                var.info = info
+                var.is_property = frozen
+                var._fullname = info.fullname + '.' + var.name
+                info.names[var.name] = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, var)
+
+    def get_config_update(self, name: str, arg: Expression, lax_extra: bool = False) -> ModelConfigData | None:
+        """Determines the config update due to a single kwarg in the ConfigDict definition.
+
+        Warns if a tracked config attribute is set to a value the plugin doesn't know how to interpret (e.g., an int)
+        """
+        if name not in self.tracked_config_fields:
+            return None
+        if name == 'extra':
+            if isinstance(arg, StrExpr):
+                forbid_extra = arg.value == 'forbid'
+            elif isinstance(arg, MemberExpr):
+                forbid_extra = arg.name == 'forbid'
+            else:
+                if not lax_extra:
+                    # Only emit an error for other types of `arg` (e.g., `NameExpr`, `ConditionalExpr`, etc.) when
+                    # reading from a config class, etc. If a ConfigDict is used, then we don't want to emit an error
+                    # because you'll get type checking from the ConfigDict itself.
+                    #
+                    # It would be nice if we could introspect the types better otherwise, but I don't know what the API
+                    # is to evaluate an expr into its type and then check if that type is compatible with the expected
+                    # type. Note that you can still get proper type checking via: `model_config = ConfigDict(...)`, just
+                    # if you don't use an explicit string, the plugin won't be able to infer whether extra is forbidden.
+                    error_invalid_config_value(name, self._api, arg)
+                return None
+            return ModelConfigData(forbid_extra=forbid_extra)
+        if name == 'alias_generator':
+            has_alias_generator = True
+            if isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname == 'builtins.None':
+                has_alias_generator = False
+            return ModelConfigData(has_alias_generator=has_alias_generator)
+        if isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname in ('builtins.True', 'builtins.False'):
+            return ModelConfigData(**{name: arg.fullname == 'builtins.True'})
+        error_invalid_config_value(name, self._api, arg)
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_has_default(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> bool:
+        """Returns a boolean indicating whether the field defined in `stmt` is a required field."""
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only, so has no default
+            return False
+        if isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            # The "default value" is a call to `Field`; at this point, the field has a default if and only if:
+            # * there is a positional argument that is not `...`
+            # * there is a keyword argument named "default" that is not `...`
+            # * there is a "default_factory" that is not `None`
+            for arg, name in zip(expr.args, expr.arg_names):
+                # If name is None, then this arg is the default because it is the only positional argument.
+                if name is None or name == 'default':
+                    return arg.__class__ is not EllipsisExpr
+                if name == 'default_factory':
+                    return not (isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname == 'builtins.None')
+            return False
+        # Has no default if the "default value" is Ellipsis (i.e., `field_name: Annotation = ...`)
+        return not isinstance(expr, EllipsisExpr)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_strict(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> bool | None:
+        """Returns a the `strict` value of a field if defined, otherwise `None`."""
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            for arg, name in zip(expr.args, expr.arg_names):
+                if name != 'strict':
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(arg, NameExpr):
+                    if arg.fullname == 'builtins.True':
+                        return True
+                    elif arg.fullname == 'builtins.False':
+                        return False
+                return None
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_alias_info(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> tuple[str | None, bool]:
+        """Returns a pair (alias, has_dynamic_alias), extracted from the declaration of the field defined in `stmt`.
+
+        `has_dynamic_alias` is True if and only if an alias is provided, but not as a string literal.
+        If `has_dynamic_alias` is True, `alias` will be None.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only
+            return None, False
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME
+        ):
+            # Assigned value is not a call to pydantic.fields.Field
+            return None, False
+
+        if 'validation_alias' in expr.arg_names:
+            arg = expr.args[expr.arg_names.index('validation_alias')]
+        elif 'alias' in expr.arg_names:
+            arg = expr.args[expr.arg_names.index('alias')]
+        else:
+            return None, False
+
+        if isinstance(arg, StrExpr):
+            return arg.value, False
+        else:
+            return None, True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_field_frozen(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> bool:
+        """Returns whether the field is frozen, extracted from the declaration of the field defined in `stmt`.
+
+        Note that this is only whether the field was declared to be frozen in a `<field_name> = Field(frozen=True)`
+        sense; this does not determine whether the field is frozen because the entire model is frozen; that is
+        handled separately.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only
+            return False
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME
+        ):
+            # Assigned value is not a call to pydantic.fields.Field
+            return False
+
+        for i, arg_name in enumerate(expr.arg_names):
+            if arg_name == 'frozen':
+                arg = expr.args[i]
+                return isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname == 'builtins.True'
+        return False
+
+    def get_field_arguments(
+        self,
+        fields: list[PydanticModelField],
+        typed: bool,
+        model_strict: bool,
+        use_alias: bool,
+        requires_dynamic_aliases: bool,
+        is_settings: bool,
+        is_root_model: bool,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool = False,
+    ) -> list[Argument]:
+        """Helper function used during the construction of the `__init__` and `model_construct` method signatures.
+
+        Returns a list of mypy Argument instances for use in the generated signatures.
+        """
+        info = self._cls.info
+        arguments = [
+            field.to_argument(
+                info,
+                typed=typed,
+                model_strict=model_strict,
+                force_optional=requires_dynamic_aliases or is_settings,
+                use_alias=use_alias,
+                api=self._api,
+                force_typevars_invariant=force_typevars_invariant,
+                is_root_model_root=is_root_model and field.name == 'root',
+            )
+            for field in fields
+            if not (use_alias and field.has_dynamic_alias)
+        ]
+        return arguments
+
+    def should_init_forbid_extra(self, fields: list[PydanticModelField], config: ModelConfigData) -> bool:
+        """Indicates whether the generated `__init__` should get a `**kwargs` at the end of its signature.
+
+        We disallow arbitrary kwargs if the extra config setting is "forbid", or if the plugin config says to,
+        *unless* a required dynamic alias is present (since then we can't determine a valid signature).
+        """
+        if not (config.validate_by_name or config.populate_by_name):
+            if self.is_dynamic_alias_present(fields, bool(config.has_alias_generator)):
+                return False
+        if config.forbid_extra:
+            return True
+        return self.plugin_config.init_forbid_extra
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_dynamic_alias_present(fields: list[PydanticModelField], has_alias_generator: bool) -> bool:
+        """Returns whether any fields on the model have a "dynamic alias", i.e., an alias that cannot be
+        determined during static analysis.
+        """
+        for field in fields:
+            if field.has_dynamic_alias:
+                return True
+        if has_alias_generator:
+            for field in fields:
+                if field.alias is None:
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+
+class ChangeExplicitTypeOfAny(TypeTranslator):
+    """A type translator used to change type of Any's, if explicit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, type_of_any: int) -> None:
+        self._type_of_any = type_of_any
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def visit_any(self, t: AnyType) -> Type:  # noqa: D102
+        if t.type_of_any == TypeOfAny.explicit:
+            return t.copy_modified(type_of_any=self._type_of_any)
+        else:
+            return t
+
+
+class ModelConfigData:
+    """Pydantic mypy plugin model config class."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        forbid_extra: bool | None = None,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        populate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+        validate_by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        validate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+        has_alias_generator: bool | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.forbid_extra = forbid_extra
+        self.frozen = frozen
+        self.from_attributes = from_attributes
+        self.populate_by_name = populate_by_name
+        self.validate_by_alias = validate_by_alias
+        self.validate_by_name = validate_by_name
+        self.has_alias_generator = has_alias_generator
+        self.strict = strict
+
+    def get_values_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Returns a dict of Pydantic model config names to their values.
+
+        It includes the config if config value is not `None`.
+        """
+        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if v is not None}
+
+    def update(self, config: ModelConfigData | None) -> None:
+        """Update Pydantic model config values."""
+        if config is None:
+            return
+        for k, v in config.get_values_dict().items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Set default value for Pydantic model config if config value is `None`."""
+        if getattr(self, key) is None:
+            setattr(self, key, value)
+
+
+def is_root_model(info: TypeInfo) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the type info is a root model subclass (or the `RootModel` class itself)."""
+    return info.has_base(ROOT_MODEL_FULLNAME)
+
+
+ERROR_ORM = ErrorCode('pydantic-orm', 'Invalid from_attributes call', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_CONFIG = ErrorCode('pydantic-config', 'Invalid config value', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_ALIAS = ErrorCode('pydantic-alias', 'Dynamic alias disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNEXPECTED = ErrorCode('pydantic-unexpected', 'Unexpected behavior', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNTYPED = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Untyped field disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_FIELD_DEFAULTS = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Invalid Field defaults', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_EXTRA_FIELD_ROOT_MODEL = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Extra field on RootModel subclass', 'Pydantic')
+
+
+def error_from_attributes(model_name: str, api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when the model does not have `from_attributes=True`."""
+    api.fail(f'"{model_name}" does not have from_attributes=True', context, code=ERROR_ORM)
+
+
+def error_invalid_config_value(name: str, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when the config value is invalid."""
+    api.fail(f'Invalid value for "Config.{name}"', context, code=ERROR_CONFIG)
+
+
+def error_required_dynamic_aliases(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits required dynamic aliases error.
+
+    This will be called when `warn_required_dynamic_aliases=True`.
+    """
+    api.fail('Required dynamic aliases disallowed', context, code=ERROR_ALIAS)
+
+
+def error_unexpected_behavior(
+    detail: str, api: CheckerPluginInterface | SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Emits unexpected behavior error."""
+    # Can't think of a good way to test this, but I confirmed it renders as desired by adding to a non-error path
+    link = 'https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/new/choose'
+    full_message = f'The pydantic mypy plugin ran into unexpected behavior: {detail}\n'
+    full_message += f'Please consider reporting this bug at {link} so we can try to fix it!'
+    api.fail(full_message, context, code=ERROR_UNEXPECTED)
+
+
+def error_untyped_fields(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when there is an untyped field in the model."""
+    api.fail('Untyped fields disallowed', context, code=ERROR_UNTYPED)
+
+
+def error_extra_fields_on_root_model(api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when there is more than just a root field defined for a subclass of RootModel."""
+    api.fail('Only `root` is allowed as a field of a `RootModel`', context, code=ERROR_EXTRA_FIELD_ROOT_MODEL)
+
+
+def add_method(
+    api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface | CheckerPluginInterface,
+    cls: ClassDef,
+    name: str,
+    args: list[Argument],
+    return_type: Type,
+    self_type: Type | None = None,
+    tvar_def: TypeVarType | None = None,
+    is_classmethod: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Very closely related to `mypy.plugins.common.add_method_to_class`, with a few pydantic-specific changes."""
+    info = cls.info
+
+    # First remove any previously generated methods with the same name
+    # to avoid clashes and problems in the semantic analyzer.
+    if name in info.names:
+        sym = info.names[name]
+        if sym.plugin_generated and isinstance(sym.node, FuncDef):
+            cls.defs.body.remove(sym.node)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    if isinstance(api, SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface):
+        function_type = api.named_type('builtins.function')
+    else:
+        function_type = api.named_generic_type('builtins.function', [])
+
+    if is_classmethod:
+        self_type = self_type or TypeType(fill_typevars(info))
+        first = [Argument(Var('_cls'), self_type, None, ARG_POS, True)]
+    else:
+        self_type = self_type or fill_typevars(info)
+        # `self` is positional *ONLY* here, but this can't be expressed
+        # fully in the mypy internal API. ARG_POS is the closest we can get.
+        # Using ARG_POS will, however, give mypy errors if a `self` field
+        # is present on a model:
+        #
+        #     Name "self" already defined (possibly by an import)  [no-redef]
+        #
+        # As a workaround, we give this argument a name that will
+        # never conflict. By its positional nature, this name will not
+        # be used or exposed to users.
+        first = [Argument(Var('__pydantic_self__'), self_type, None, ARG_POS)]
+    args = first + args
+
+    arg_types, arg_names, arg_kinds = [], [], []
+    for arg in args:
+        assert arg.type_annotation, 'All arguments must be fully typed.'
+        arg_types.append(arg.type_annotation)
+        arg_names.append(arg.variable.name)
+        arg_kinds.append(arg.kind)
+
+    signature = CallableType(
+        arg_types, arg_kinds, arg_names, return_type, function_type, variables=[tvar_def] if tvar_def else None
+    )
+
+    func = FuncDef(name, args, Block([PassStmt()]))
+    func.info = info
+    func.type = set_callable_name(signature, func)
+    func.is_class = is_classmethod
+    func._fullname = info.fullname + '.' + name
+    func.line = info.line
+
+    # NOTE: we would like the plugin generated node to dominate, but we still
+    # need to keep any existing definitions so they get semantically analyzed.
+    if name in info.names:
+        # Get a nice unique name instead.
+        r_name = get_unique_redefinition_name(name, info.names)
+        info.names[r_name] = info.names[name]
+
+    # Add decorator for is_classmethod
+    # The dataclasses plugin claims this is unnecessary for classmethods, but not including it results in a
+    # signature incompatible with the superclass, which causes mypy errors to occur for every subclass of BaseModel.
+    if is_classmethod:
+        func.is_decorated = True
+        v = Var(name, func.type)
+        v.info = info
+        v._fullname = func._fullname
+        v.is_classmethod = True
+        dec = Decorator(func, [NameExpr('classmethod')], v)
+        dec.line = info.line
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, dec)
+    else:
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, func)
+    sym.plugin_generated = True
+    info.names[name] = sym
+
+    info.defn.defs.body.append(func)
+
+
+def parse_toml(config_file: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Returns a dict of config keys to values.
+
+    It reads configs from toml file and returns `None` if the file is not a toml file.
+    """
+    if not config_file.endswith('.toml'):
+        return None
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        import tomllib as toml_
+    else:
+        try:
+            import tomli as toml_
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            import warnings
+
+            warnings.warn('No TOML parser installed, cannot read configuration from `pyproject.toml`.', stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+
+    with open(config_file, 'rb') as rf:
+        return toml_.load(rf)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/networks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/networks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4015bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/networks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
+"""The networks module contains types for common network-related fields."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses as _dataclasses
+import re
+from dataclasses import fields
+from functools import lru_cache
+from importlib.metadata import version
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, ClassVar
+
+from pydantic_core import (
+    MultiHostHost,
+    PydanticCustomError,
+    PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue,
+    SchemaSerializer,
+    core_schema,
+)
+from pydantic_core import MultiHostUrl as _CoreMultiHostUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url as _CoreUrl
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias
+
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticUserError
+
+from ._internal import _repr, _schema_generation_shared
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+from .json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from .type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import email_validator
+
+    NetworkType: TypeAlias = 'str | bytes | int | tuple[str | bytes | int, str | int]'
+
+else:
+    email_validator = None
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'FtpUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'WebsocketUrl',
+    'AnyWebsocketUrl',
+    'UrlConstraints',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'NatsDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+    'MySQLDsn',
+    'MariaDBDsn',
+    'ClickHouseDsn',
+    'SnowflakeDsn',
+]
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class UrlConstraints:
+    """Url constraints.
+
+    Attributes:
+        max_length: The maximum length of the url. Defaults to `None`.
+        allowed_schemes: The allowed schemes. Defaults to `None`.
+        host_required: Whether the host is required. Defaults to `None`.
+        default_host: The default host. Defaults to `None`.
+        default_port: The default port. Defaults to `None`.
+        default_path: The default path. Defaults to `None`.
+        preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve empty URL paths. Defaults to `None`.
+    """
+
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    allowed_schemes: list[str] | None = None
+    host_required: bool | None = None
+    default_host: str | None = None
+    default_port: int | None = None
+    default_path: str | None = None
+    preserve_empty_path: bool | None = None
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.max_length,
+                tuple(self.allowed_schemes) if self.allowed_schemes is not None else None,
+                self.host_required,
+                self.default_host,
+                self.default_port,
+                self.default_path,
+                self.preserve_empty_path,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def defined_constraints(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Fetch a key / value mapping of constraints to values that are not None. Used for core schema updates."""
+        return {field.name: value for field in fields(self) if (value := getattr(self, field.name)) is not None}
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+
+        # for function-wrap schemas, url constraints is applied to the inner schema
+        # because when we generate schemas for urls, we wrap a core_schema.url_schema() with a function-wrap schema
+        # that helps with validation on initialization, see _BaseUrl and _BaseMultiHostUrl below.
+        schema_to_mutate = schema['schema'] if schema['type'] == 'function-wrap' else schema
+        if (annotated_type := schema_to_mutate['type']) not in ('url', 'multi-host-url'):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f"'UrlConstraints' cannot annotate '{annotated_type}'.", code='invalid-annotated-type'
+            )
+        for constraint_key, constraint_value in self.defined_constraints.items():
+            schema_to_mutate[constraint_key] = constraint_value
+        return schema
+
+
+class _BaseUrl:
+    _constraints: ClassVar[UrlConstraints] = UrlConstraints()
+    _url: _CoreUrl
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str | _CoreUrl | _BaseUrl) -> None:
+        self._url = _build_type_adapter(self.__class__).validate_python(url)._url
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """The scheme part of the URL.
+
+        e.g. `https` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str | None:
+        """The username part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `user` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.username
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str | None:
+        """The password part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `pass` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.password
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None:
+        """The host part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        If the URL must be punycode encoded, this is the encoded host, e.g if the input URL is `https://£££.com`,
+        `host` will be `xn--9aaa.com`
+        """
+        return self._url.host
+
+    def unicode_host(self) -> str | None:
+        """The host part of the URL as a unicode string, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `host` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+
+        If the URL must be punycode encoded, this is the decoded host, e.g if the input URL is `https://£££.com`,
+        `unicode_host()` will be `£££.com`
+        """
+        return self._url.unicode_host()
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        """The port part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `port` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.port
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None:
+        """The path part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `/path` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None:
+        """The query part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `query` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query
+
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """The query part of the URL as a list of key-value pairs.
+
+        e.g. `[('foo', 'bar')]` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?foo=bar#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query_params()
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None:
+        """The fragment part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `fragment` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.fragment
+
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a unicode string, unlike `__str__()` this will not punycode encode the host.
+
+        If the URL must be punycode encoded, this is the decoded string, e.g if the input URL is `https://£££.com`,
+        `unicode_string()` will be `https://£££.com`
+        """
+        return self._url.unicode_string()
+
+    def encoded_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL's encoded string representation via __str__().
+
+        This returns the punycode-encoded host version of the URL as a string.
+        """
+        return str(self)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a string, this will punycode encode the host if required."""
+        return str(self._url)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._url)!r})'
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> Self:
+        return self.__class__(self._url)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url == other._url
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url < other._url
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url > other._url
+
+    def __le__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url <= other._url
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url >= other._url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._url)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(str(self._url))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a new `Url` instance from its component parts.
+
+        Args:
+            scheme: The scheme part of the URL.
+            username: The username part of the URL, or omit for no username.
+            password: The password part of the URL, or omit for no password.
+            host: The host part of the URL.
+            port: The port part of the URL, or omit for no port.
+            path: The path part of the URL, or omit for no path.
+            query: The query part of the URL, or omit for no query.
+            fragment: The fragment part of the URL, or omit for no fragment.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of URL
+        """
+        return cls(
+            _CoreUrl.build(
+                scheme=scheme,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                host=host,
+                port=port,
+                path=path,
+                query=query,
+                fragment=fragment,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serialize_url(cls, url: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | Self:
+        if not isinstance(url, cls):
+            raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                f"Expected `{cls}` but got `{type(url)}` with value `'{url}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+            )
+        if info.mode == 'json':
+            return str(url)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[_BaseUrl], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        def wrap_val(v, h):
+            if isinstance(v, source):
+                return v
+            if isinstance(v, _BaseUrl):
+                v = str(v)
+            core_url = h(v)
+            instance = source.__new__(source)
+            instance._url = core_url
+            return instance
+
+        return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+            wrap_val,
+            schema=core_schema.url_schema(**cls._constraints.defined_constraints),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                cls.serialize_url, info_arg=True, when_used='always'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        # we use the url schema for json schema generation, but we might have to extract it from
+        # the function-wrap schema we use as a tool for validation on initialization
+        inner_schema = core_schema['schema'] if core_schema['type'] == 'function-wrap' else core_schema
+        return handler(inner_schema)
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(core_schema.any_schema(serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()))
+
+
+class _BaseMultiHostUrl:
+    _constraints: ClassVar[UrlConstraints] = UrlConstraints()
+    _url: _CoreMultiHostUrl
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str | _CoreMultiHostUrl | _BaseMultiHostUrl) -> None:
+        self._url = _build_type_adapter(self.__class__).validate_python(url)._url
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """The scheme part of the URL.
+
+        e.g. `https` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None:
+        """The path part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `/path` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None:
+        """The query part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `query` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query
+
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """The query part of the URL as a list of key-value pairs.
+
+        e.g. `[('foo', 'bar')]` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?foo=bar#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query_params()
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None:
+        """The fragment part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `fragment` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.fragment
+
+    def hosts(self) -> list[MultiHostHost]:
+        '''The hosts of the `MultiHostUrl` as [`MultiHostHost`][pydantic_core.MultiHostHost] typed dicts.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic_core import MultiHostUrl
+
+        mhu = MultiHostUrl('https://foo.com:123,foo:bar@bar.com/path')
+        print(mhu.hosts())
+        """
+        [
+            {'username': None, 'password': None, 'host': 'foo.com', 'port': 123},
+            {'username': 'foo', 'password': 'bar', 'host': 'bar.com', 'port': 443}
+        ]
+        ```
+        Returns:
+            A list of dicts, each representing a host.
+        '''
+        return self._url.hosts()
+
+    def encoded_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL's encoded string representation via __str__().
+
+        This returns the punycode-encoded host version of the URL as a string.
+        """
+        return str(self)
+
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a unicode string, unlike `__str__()` this will not punycode encode the hosts."""
+        return self._url.unicode_string()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a string, this will punycode encode the host if required."""
+        return str(self._url)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._url)!r})'
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> Self:
+        return self.__class__(self._url)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url == other._url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._url)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(str(self._url))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        hosts: list[MultiHostHost] | None = None,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a new `MultiHostUrl` instance from its component parts.
+
+        This method takes either `hosts` - a list of `MultiHostHost` typed dicts, or the individual components
+        `username`, `password`, `host` and `port`.
+
+        Args:
+            scheme: The scheme part of the URL.
+            hosts: Multiple hosts to build the URL from.
+            username: The username part of the URL.
+            password: The password part of the URL.
+            host: The host part of the URL.
+            port: The port part of the URL.
+            path: The path part of the URL.
+            query: The query part of the URL, or omit for no query.
+            fragment: The fragment part of the URL, or omit for no fragment.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of `MultiHostUrl`
+        """
+        return cls(
+            _CoreMultiHostUrl.build(
+                scheme=scheme,
+                hosts=hosts,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                host=host,
+                port=port,
+                path=path,
+                query=query,
+                fragment=fragment,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serialize_url(cls, url: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | Self:
+        if not isinstance(url, cls):
+            raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                f"Expected `{cls}` but got `{type(url)}` with value `'{url}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+            )
+        if info.mode == 'json':
+            return str(url)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[_BaseMultiHostUrl], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        def wrap_val(v, h):
+            if isinstance(v, source):
+                return v
+            if isinstance(v, _BaseMultiHostUrl):
+                v = str(v)
+            core_url = h(v)
+            instance = source.__new__(source)
+            instance._url = core_url
+            return instance
+
+        return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+            wrap_val,
+            schema=core_schema.multi_host_url_schema(**cls._constraints.defined_constraints),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                cls.serialize_url, info_arg=True, when_used='always'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        # we use the url schema for json schema generation, but we might have to extract it from
+        # the function-wrap schema we use as a tool for validation on initialization
+        inner_schema = core_schema['schema'] if core_schema['type'] == 'function-wrap' else core_schema
+        return handler(inner_schema)
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(core_schema.any_schema(serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()))
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def _build_type_adapter(cls: type[_BaseUrl | _BaseMultiHostUrl]) -> TypeAdapter:
+    return TypeAdapter(cls)
+
+
+class AnyUrl(_BaseUrl):
+    """Base type for all URLs.
+
+    * Any scheme allowed
+    * Top-level domain (TLD) not required
+    * Host not required
+
+    Assuming an input URL of `http://samuel:pass@example.com:8000/the/path/?query=here#fragment=is;this=bit`,
+    the types export the following properties:
+
+    - `scheme`: the URL scheme (`http`), always set.
+    - `host`: the URL host (`example.com`).
+    - `username`: optional username if included (`samuel`).
+    - `password`: optional password if included (`pass`).
+    - `port`: optional port (`8000`).
+    - `path`: optional path (`/the/path/`).
+    - `query`: optional URL query (for example, `GET` arguments or "search string", such as `query=here`).
+    - `fragment`: optional fragment (`fragment=is;this=bit`).
+    """
+
+
+# Note: all single host urls inherit from `AnyUrl` to preserve compatibility with pre-v2.10 code
+# Where urls were annotated variants of `AnyUrl`, which was an alias to `pydantic_core.Url`
+
+
+class AnyHttpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any http or https URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['http', 'https'])
+
+
+class HttpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any http or https URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    * Max length 2083
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl, ValidationError
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        url: HttpUrl
+
+    m = MyModel(url='http://www.example.com')  # (1)!
+    print(m.url)
+    #> http://www.example.com/
+
+    try:
+        MyModel(url='ftp://invalid.url')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for MyModel
+        url
+          URL scheme should be 'http' or 'https' [type=url_scheme, input_value='ftp://invalid.url', input_type=str]
+        '''
+
+    try:
+        MyModel(url='not a url')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for MyModel
+        url
+          Input should be a valid URL, relative URL without a base [type=url_parsing, input_value='not a url', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    1. Note: mypy would prefer `m = MyModel(url=HttpUrl('http://www.example.com'))`, but Pydantic will convert the string to an HttpUrl instance anyway.
+
+    "International domains" (e.g. a URL where the host or TLD includes non-ascii characters) will be encoded via
+    [punycode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punycode) (see
+    [this article](https://www.xudongz.com/blog/2017/idn-phishing/) for a good description of why this is important):
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        url: HttpUrl
+
+    m1 = MyModel(url='http://puny£code.com')
+    print(m1.url)
+    #> http://xn--punycode-eja.com/
+    m2 = MyModel(url='https://www.аррӏе.com/')
+    print(m2.url)
+    #> https://www.xn--80ak6aa92e.com/
+    m3 = MyModel(url='https://www.example.珠宝/')
+    print(m3.url)
+    #> https://www.example.xn--pbt977c/
+    ```
+
+
+    !!! warning "Underscores in Hostnames"
+        In Pydantic, underscores are allowed in all parts of a domain except the TLD.
+        Technically this might be wrong - in theory the hostname cannot have underscores, but subdomains can.
+
+        To explain this; consider the following two cases:
+
+        - `exam_ple.co.uk`: the hostname is `exam_ple`, which should not be allowed since it contains an underscore.
+        - `foo_bar.example.com` the hostname is `example`, which should be allowed since the underscore is in the subdomain.
+
+        Without having an exhaustive list of TLDs, it would be impossible to differentiate between these two. Therefore
+        underscores are allowed, but you can always do further validation in a validator if desired.
+
+        Also, Chrome, Firefox, and Safari all currently accept `http://exam_ple.com` as a URL, so we're in good
+        (or at least big) company.
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(max_length=2083, allowed_schemes=['http', 'https'])
+
+
+class AnyWebsocketUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any ws or wss URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['ws', 'wss'])
+
+
+class WebsocketUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any ws or wss URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    * Max length 2083
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(max_length=2083, allowed_schemes=['ws', 'wss'])
+
+
+class FileUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any file URL.
+
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['file'])
+
+
+class FtpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept ftp URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['ftp'])
+
+
+class PostgresDsn(_BaseMultiHostUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Postgres DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required
+    * Supports multiple hosts
+
+    If further validation is required, these properties can be used by validators to enforce specific behaviour:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import (
+        BaseModel,
+        HttpUrl,
+        PostgresDsn,
+        ValidationError,
+        field_validator,
+    )
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        url: HttpUrl
+
+    m = MyModel(url='http://www.example.com')
+
+    # the repr() method for a url will display all properties of the url
+    print(repr(m.url))
+    #> HttpUrl('http://www.example.com/')
+    print(m.url.scheme)
+    #> http
+    print(m.url.host)
+    #> www.example.com
+    print(m.url.port)
+    #> 80
+
+    class MyDatabaseModel(BaseModel):
+        db: PostgresDsn
+
+        @field_validator('db')
+        def check_db_name(cls, v):
+            assert v.path and len(v.path) > 1, 'database must be provided'
+            return v
+
+    m = MyDatabaseModel(db='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/foobar')
+    print(m.db)
+    #> postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/foobar
+
+    try:
+        MyDatabaseModel(db='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for MyDatabaseModel
+        db
+          Assertion failed, database must be provided
+        assert (None)
+         +  where None = PostgresDsn('postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432').path [type=assertion_error, input_value='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        host_required=True,
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'postgres',
+            'postgresql',
+            'postgresql+asyncpg',
+            'postgresql+pg8000',
+            'postgresql+psycopg',
+            'postgresql+psycopg2',
+            'postgresql+psycopg2cffi',
+            'postgresql+py-postgresql',
+            'postgresql+pygresql',
+        ],
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+class CockroachDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Cockroach DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        host_required=True,
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'cockroachdb',
+            'cockroachdb+psycopg2',
+            'cockroachdb+asyncpg',
+        ],
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+class AmqpDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any AMQP DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['amqp', 'amqps'])
+
+
+class RedisDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Redis DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required (e.g., `rediss://:pass@localhost`)
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['redis', 'rediss'],
+        default_host='localhost',
+        default_port=6379,
+        default_path='/0',
+        host_required=True,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+class MongoDsn(_BaseMultiHostUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any MongoDB DSN.
+
+    * User info not required
+    * Database name not required
+    * Port not required
+    * User info may be passed without user part (e.g., `mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:27017`).
+
+    !!! warning
+        If a port isn't specified, the default MongoDB port `27017` will be used. If this behavior is
+        undesirable, you can use the following:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic_core import MultiHostUrl
+
+        from pydantic import UrlConstraints
+
+        MongoDsnNoDefaultPort = Annotated[
+            MultiHostUrl,
+            UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['mongodb', 'mongodb+srv']),
+        ]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['mongodb', 'mongodb+srv'], default_port=27017)
+
+
+class KafkaDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Kafka DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['kafka'], default_host='localhost', default_port=9092)
+
+
+class NatsDsn(_BaseMultiHostUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any NATS DSN.
+
+    NATS is a connective technology built for the ever increasingly hyper-connected world.
+    It is a single technology that enables applications to securely communicate across
+    any combination of cloud vendors, on-premise, edge, web and mobile, and devices.
+    More: https://nats.io
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['nats', 'tls', 'ws', 'wss'], default_host='localhost', default_port=4222
+    )
+
+
+class MySQLDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any MySQL DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'mysql',
+            'mysql+mysqlconnector',
+            'mysql+aiomysql',
+            'mysql+asyncmy',
+            'mysql+mysqldb',
+            'mysql+pymysql',
+            'mysql+cymysql',
+            'mysql+pyodbc',
+        ],
+        default_port=3306,
+        host_required=True,
+    )
+
+
+class MariaDBDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any MariaDB DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['mariadb', 'mariadb+mariadbconnector', 'mariadb+pymysql'],
+        default_port=3306,
+    )
+
+
+class ClickHouseDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any ClickHouse DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'clickhouse+native',
+            'clickhouse+asynch',
+            'clickhouse+http',
+            'clickhouse',
+            'clickhouses',
+            'clickhousedb',
+        ],
+        default_host='localhost',
+        default_port=9000,
+    )
+
+
+class SnowflakeDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Snowflake DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['snowflake'],
+        host_required=True,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+def import_email_validator() -> None:
+    global email_validator
+    try:
+        import email_validator
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError("email-validator is not installed, run `pip install 'pydantic[email]'`") from e
+    if not version('email-validator').partition('.')[0] == '2':
+        raise ImportError('email-validator version >= 2.0 required, run pip install -U email-validator')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    EmailStr = Annotated[str, ...]
+else:
+
+    class EmailStr:
+        """
+        Info:
+            To use this type, you need to install the optional
+            [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) package:
+
+            ```bash
+            pip install email-validator
+            ```
+
+        Validate email addresses.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            email: EmailStr
+
+        print(Model(email='contact@mail.com'))
+        #> email='contact@mail.com'
+        ```
+        """  # noqa: D212
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            import_email_validator()
+            return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(cls._validate, core_schema.str_schema())
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='email')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: str, /) -> str:
+            return validate_email(input_value)[1]
+
+
+class NameEmail(_repr.Representation):
+    """
+    Info:
+        To use this type, you need to install the optional
+        [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) package:
+
+        ```bash
+        pip install email-validator
+        ```
+
+    Validate a name and email address combination, as specified by
+    [RFC 5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4).
+
+    The `NameEmail` has two properties: `name` and `email`.
+    In case the `name` is not provided, it's inferred from the email address.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, NameEmail
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        email: NameEmail
+
+    user = User(email='Fred Bloggs <fred.bloggs@example.com>')
+    print(user.email)
+    #> Fred Bloggs <fred.bloggs@example.com>
+    print(user.email.name)
+    #> Fred Bloggs
+
+    user = User(email='fred.bloggs@example.com')
+    print(user.email)
+    #> fred.bloggs <fred.bloggs@example.com>
+    print(user.email.name)
+    #> fred.bloggs
+    ```
+    """  # noqa: D212
+
+    __slots__ = 'name', 'email'
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, email: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.email = email
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, NameEmail) and (self.name, self.email) == (other.name, other.email)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='name-email')
+        return field_schema
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls,
+        _source: type[Any],
+        _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        import_email_validator()
+
+        return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+            cls._validate,
+            core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.str_schema(),
+                python_schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                    [core_schema.is_instance_schema(cls), core_schema.str_schema()],
+                    custom_error_type='name_email_type',
+                    custom_error_message='Input is not a valid NameEmail',
+                ),
+                serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(),
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, input_value: Self | str, /) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(input_value, str):
+            name, email = validate_email(input_value)
+            return cls(name, email)
+        else:
+            return input_value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if '@' in self.name:
+            return f'"{self.name}" <{self.email}>'
+
+        return f'{self.name} <{self.email}>'
+
+
+IPvAnyAddressType: TypeAlias = 'IPv4Address | IPv6Address'
+IPvAnyInterfaceType: TypeAlias = 'IPv4Interface | IPv6Interface'
+IPvAnyNetworkType: TypeAlias = 'IPv4Network | IPv6Network'
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    IPvAnyAddress = IPvAnyAddressType
+    IPvAnyInterface = IPvAnyInterfaceType
+    IPvAnyNetwork = IPvAnyNetworkType
+else:
+
+    class IPvAnyAddress:
+        """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        from pydantic.networks import IPvAnyAddress
+
+        class IpModel(BaseModel):
+            ip: IPvAnyAddress
+
+        print(IpModel(ip='127.0.0.1'))
+        #> ip=IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')
+
+        try:
+            IpModel(ip='http://www.example.com')
+        except ValueError as e:
+            print(e.errors())
+            '''
+            [
+                {
+                    'type': 'ip_any_address',
+                    'loc': ('ip',),
+                    'msg': 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address',
+                    'input': 'http://www.example.com',
+                }
+            ]
+            '''
+        ```
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, value: Any) -> IPvAnyAddressType:
+            """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 address."""
+            try:
+                return IPv4Address(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                return IPv6Address(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('ip_any_address', 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = {}
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyaddress')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+            )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: Any, /) -> IPvAnyAddressType:
+            return cls(input_value)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    class IPvAnyInterface:
+        """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 interface."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, value: NetworkType) -> IPvAnyInterfaceType:
+            """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 interface."""
+            try:
+                return IPv4Interface(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                return IPv6Interface(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('ip_any_interface', 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 interface')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = {}
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyinterface')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+            )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: NetworkType, /) -> IPvAnyInterfaceType:
+            return cls(input_value)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    class IPvAnyNetwork:
+        """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 network."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, value: NetworkType) -> IPvAnyNetworkType:
+            """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 network."""
+            # Assume IP Network is defined with a default value for `strict` argument.
+            # Define your own class if you want to specify network address check strictness.
+            try:
+                return IPv4Network(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                return IPv6Network(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('ip_any_network', 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 network')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = {}
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanynetwork')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+            )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: NetworkType, /) -> IPvAnyNetworkType:
+            return cls(input_value)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def _build_pretty_email_regex() -> re.Pattern[str]:
+    name_chars = r'[\w!#$%&\'*+\-/=?^_`{|}~]'
+    unquoted_name_group = rf'((?:{name_chars}+\s+)*{name_chars}+)'
+    quoted_name_group = r'"((?:[^"]|\")+)"'
+    email_group = r'<(.+)>'
+    return re.compile(rf'\s*(?:{unquoted_name_group}|{quoted_name_group})?\s*{email_group}\s*')
+
+
+pretty_email_regex = _build_pretty_email_regex()
+
+MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH = 2048
+"""Maximum length for an email.
+A somewhat arbitrary but very generous number compared to what is allowed by most implementations.
+"""
+
+
+def validate_email(value: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Email address validation using [email-validator](https://pypi.org/project/email-validator/).
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple containing the local part of the email (or the name for "pretty" email addresses)
+            and the normalized email.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If the email is invalid.
+
+    Note:
+        Note that:
+
+        * Raw IP address (literal) domain parts are not allowed.
+        * `"John Doe <local_part@domain.com>"` style "pretty" email addresses are processed.
+        * Spaces are striped from the beginning and end of addresses, but no error is raised.
+    """
+    if email_validator is None:
+        import_email_validator()
+
+    if len(value) > MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH:
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'value_error',
+            'value is not a valid email address: {reason}',
+            {'reason': f'Length must not exceed {MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH} characters'},
+        )
+
+    m = pretty_email_regex.fullmatch(value)
+    name: str | None = None
+    if m:
+        unquoted_name, quoted_name, value = m.groups()
+        name = unquoted_name or quoted_name
+
+    email = value.strip()
+
+    try:
+        parts = email_validator.validate_email(email, check_deliverability=False)
+    except email_validator.EmailNotValidError as e:
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'value_error', 'value is not a valid email address: {reason}', {'reason': str(e.args[0])}
+        ) from e
+
+    email = parts.normalized
+    assert email is not None
+    name = name or parts.local_part
+    return name, email
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/parse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b7f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `parse` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..840d20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+"""!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+    [Build a Plugin](../concepts/plugins.md#build-a-plugin)
+
+Plugin interface for Pydantic plugins, and related types.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, NamedTuple
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, ValidationError
+from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAlias
+
+from pydantic.config import ExtraValues
+
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticPluginProtocol',
+    'BaseValidateHandlerProtocol',
+    'ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol',
+    'ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol',
+    'ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol',
+    'NewSchemaReturns',
+    'SchemaTypePath',
+    'SchemaKind',
+)
+
+NewSchemaReturns: TypeAlias = 'tuple[ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol | None]'
+
+
+class SchemaTypePath(NamedTuple):
+    """Path defining where `schema_type` was defined, or where `TypeAdapter` was called."""
+
+    module: str
+    name: str
+
+
+SchemaKind: TypeAlias = Literal['BaseModel', 'TypeAdapter', 'dataclass', 'create_model', 'validate_call']
+
+
+class PydanticPluginProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Protocol defining the interface for Pydantic plugins."""
+
+    def new_schema_validator(
+        self,
+        schema: CoreSchema,
+        schema_type: Any,
+        schema_type_path: SchemaTypePath,
+        schema_kind: SchemaKind,
+        config: CoreConfig | None,
+        plugin_settings: dict[str, object],
+    ) -> tuple[
+        ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol | None
+    ]:
+        """This method is called for each plugin every time a new [`SchemaValidator`][pydantic_core.SchemaValidator]
+        is created.
+
+        It should return an event handler for each of the three validation methods, or `None` if the plugin does not
+        implement that method.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The schema to validate against.
+            schema_type: The original type which the schema was created from, e.g. the model class.
+            schema_type_path: Path defining where `schema_type` was defined, or where `TypeAdapter` was called.
+            schema_kind: The kind of schema to validate against.
+            config: The config to use for validation.
+            plugin_settings: Any plugin settings.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of optional event handlers for each of the three validation methods -
+                `validate_python`, `validate_json`, `validate_strings`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Pydantic plugins should implement `new_schema_validator`.')
+
+
+class BaseValidateHandlerProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Base class for plugin callbacks protocols.
+
+    You shouldn't implement this protocol directly, instead use one of the subclasses with adds the correctly
+    typed `on_error` method.
+    """
+
+    on_enter: Callable[..., None]
+    """`on_enter` is changed to be more specific on all subclasses"""
+
+    def on_success(self, result: Any) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of successful validation.
+
+        Args:
+            result: The result of the validation.
+        """
+        return
+
+    def on_error(self, error: ValidationError) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation errors.
+
+        Args:
+            error: The validation error.
+        """
+        return
+
+    def on_exception(self, exception: Exception) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation exceptions.
+
+        Args:
+            exception: The exception raised during validation.
+        """
+        return
+
+
+class ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol(BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, Protocol):
+    """Event handler for `SchemaValidator.validate_python`."""
+
+    def on_enter(
+        self,
+        input: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation start, and create an instance of the event handler.
+
+        Args:
+            input: The input to be validated.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+            from_attributes: Whether to validate objects as inputs by extracting attributes.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators.
+            self_instance: An instance of a model to set attributes on from validation, this is used when running
+                validation from the `__init__` method of a model.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias to match the input data to an attribute.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name to match the input data to an attribute.
+        """
+
+
+class ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol(BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, Protocol):
+    """Event handler for `SchemaValidator.validate_json`."""
+
+    def on_enter(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation start, and create an instance of the event handler.
+
+        Args:
+            input: The JSON data to be validated.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators.
+            self_instance: An instance of a model to set attributes on from validation, this is used when running
+                validation from the `__init__` method of a model.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias to match the input data to an attribute.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name to match the input data to an attribute.
+        """
+
+
+StringInput: TypeAlias = 'dict[str, StringInput]'
+
+
+class ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol(BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, Protocol):
+    """Event handler for `SchemaValidator.validate_strings`."""
+
+    def on_enter(
+        self,
+        input: StringInput,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation start, and create an instance of the event handler.
+
+        Args:
+            input: The string data to be validated.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias to match the input data to an attribute.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name to match the input data to an attribute.
+        """
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__pycache__/_schema_validator.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__pycache__/_schema_validator.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_loader.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_loader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8226fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_loader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.metadata as importlib_metadata
+import os
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Final
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import PydanticPluginProtocol
+
+
+PYDANTIC_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP: Final[str] = 'pydantic'
+
+# cache of plugins
+_plugins: dict[str, PydanticPluginProtocol] | None = None
+# return no plugins while loading plugins to avoid recursion and errors while importing plugins
+# this means that if plugins use pydantic
+_loading_plugins: bool = False
+
+
+def get_plugins() -> Iterable[PydanticPluginProtocol]:
+    """Load plugins for Pydantic.
+
+    Inspired by: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pluggy/blob/1.3.0/src/pluggy/_manager.py#L376-L402
+    """
+    disabled_plugins = os.getenv('PYDANTIC_DISABLE_PLUGINS')
+    global _plugins, _loading_plugins
+    if _loading_plugins:
+        # this happens when plugins themselves use pydantic, we return no plugins
+        return ()
+    elif disabled_plugins in ('__all__', '1', 'true'):
+        return ()
+    elif _plugins is None:
+        _plugins = {}
+        # set _loading_plugins so any plugins that use pydantic don't themselves use plugins
+        _loading_plugins = True
+        try:
+            for dist in importlib_metadata.distributions():
+                for entry_point in dist.entry_points:
+                    if entry_point.group != PYDANTIC_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP:
+                        continue
+                    if entry_point.value in _plugins:
+                        continue
+                    if disabled_plugins is not None and entry_point.name in disabled_plugins.split(','):
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        _plugins[entry_point.value] = entry_point.load()
+                    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f'{e.__class__.__name__} while loading the `{entry_point.name}` Pydantic plugin, '
+                            f'this plugin will not be installed.\n\n{e!r}',
+                            stacklevel=2,
+                        )
+        finally:
+            _loading_plugins = False
+
+    return _plugins.values()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_schema_validator.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_schema_validator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..492cc39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_schema_validator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+"""Pluggable schema validator for pydantic."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, SchemaValidator, ValidationError
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, PydanticPluginProtocol, SchemaKind, SchemaTypePath
+
+
+P = ParamSpec('P')
+R = TypeVar('R')
+Event = Literal['on_validate_python', 'on_validate_json', 'on_validate_strings']
+events: list[Event] = list(Event.__args__)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def create_schema_validator(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    schema_type: Any,
+    schema_type_module: str,
+    schema_type_name: str,
+    schema_kind: SchemaKind,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+    plugin_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    _use_prebuilt: bool = True,
+) -> SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator:
+    """Create a `SchemaValidator` or `PluggableSchemaValidator` if plugins are installed.
+
+    Returns:
+        If plugins are installed then return `PluggableSchemaValidator`, otherwise return `SchemaValidator`.
+    """
+    from . import SchemaTypePath
+    from ._loader import get_plugins
+
+    plugins = get_plugins()
+    if plugins:
+        return PluggableSchemaValidator(
+            schema,
+            schema_type,
+            SchemaTypePath(schema_type_module, schema_type_name),
+            schema_kind,
+            config,
+            plugins,
+            plugin_settings or {},
+            _use_prebuilt=_use_prebuilt,
+        )
+    else:
+        return SchemaValidator(schema, config, _use_prebuilt=_use_prebuilt)
+
+
+class PluggableSchemaValidator:
+    """Pluggable schema validator."""
+
+    __slots__ = '_schema_validator', 'validate_json', 'validate_python', 'validate_strings'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        schema: CoreSchema,
+        schema_type: Any,
+        schema_type_path: SchemaTypePath,
+        schema_kind: SchemaKind,
+        config: CoreConfig | None,
+        plugins: Iterable[PydanticPluginProtocol],
+        plugin_settings: dict[str, Any],
+        _use_prebuilt: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._schema_validator = SchemaValidator(schema, config, _use_prebuilt=_use_prebuilt)
+
+        python_event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol] = []
+        json_event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol] = []
+        strings_event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol] = []
+        for plugin in plugins:
+            try:
+                p, j, s = plugin.new_schema_validator(
+                    schema, schema_type, schema_type_path, schema_kind, config, plugin_settings
+                )
+            except TypeError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise TypeError(f'Error using plugin `{plugin.__module__}:{plugin.__class__.__name__}`: {e}') from e
+            if p is not None:
+                python_event_handlers.append(p)
+            if j is not None:
+                json_event_handlers.append(j)
+            if s is not None:
+                strings_event_handlers.append(s)
+
+        self.validate_python = build_wrapper(self._schema_validator.validate_python, python_event_handlers)
+        self.validate_json = build_wrapper(self._schema_validator.validate_json, json_event_handlers)
+        self.validate_strings = build_wrapper(self._schema_validator.validate_strings, strings_event_handlers)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self._schema_validator, name)
+
+
+def build_wrapper(func: Callable[P, R], event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol]) -> Callable[P, R]:
+    if not event_handlers:
+        return func
+    else:
+        on_enters = tuple(h.on_enter for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_enter'))
+        on_successes = tuple(h.on_success for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_success'))
+        on_errors = tuple(h.on_error for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_error'))
+        on_exceptions = tuple(h.on_exception for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_exception'))
+
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            for on_enter_handler in on_enters:
+                on_enter_handler(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            try:
+                result = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            except ValidationError as error:
+                for on_error_handler in on_errors:
+                    on_error_handler(error)
+                raise
+            except Exception as exception:
+                for on_exception_handler in on_exceptions:
+                    on_exception_handler(exception)
+                raise
+            else:
+                for on_success_handler in on_successes:
+                    on_success_handler(result)
+                return result
+
+        return wrapper
+
+
+def filter_handlers(handler_cls: BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, method_name: str) -> bool:
+    """Filter out handler methods which are not implemented by the plugin directly - e.g. those that are missing
+    or are inherited from the protocol.
+    """
+    handler = getattr(handler_cls, method_name, None)
+    if handler is None:
+        return False
+    elif handler.__module__ == 'pydantic.plugin':
+        # this is the original handler, from the protocol due to runtime inheritance
+        # we don't want to call it
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/root_model.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/root_model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d290043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/root_model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""RootModel class and type definitions."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import Self, dataclass_transform
+
+from . import PydanticUserError
+from ._internal import _model_construction, _repr
+from .main import BaseModel, _object_setattr
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .fields import Field as PydanticModelField
+    from .fields import PrivateAttr as PydanticModelPrivateAttr
+
+    # dataclass_transform could be applied to RootModel directly, but `ModelMetaclass`'s dataclass_transform
+    # takes priority (at least with pyright). We trick type checkers into thinking we apply dataclass_transform
+    # on a new metaclass.
+    @dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=False, field_specifiers=(PydanticModelField, PydanticModelPrivateAttr))
+    class _RootModelMetaclass(_model_construction.ModelMetaclass): ...
+else:
+    _RootModelMetaclass = _model_construction.ModelMetaclass
+
+__all__ = ('RootModel',)
+
+RootModelRootType = TypeVar('RootModelRootType')
+
+
+class RootModel(BaseModel, Generic[RootModelRootType], metaclass=_RootModelMetaclass):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`RootModel` and Custom Root Types](../concepts/models.md#rootmodel-and-custom-root-types)
+
+    A Pydantic `BaseModel` for the root object of the model.
+
+    Attributes:
+        root: The root object of the model.
+        __pydantic_root_model__: Whether the model is a RootModel.
+        __pydantic_private__: Private fields in the model.
+        __pydantic_extra__: Extra fields in the model.
+
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_root_model__ = True
+    __pydantic_private__ = None
+    __pydantic_extra__ = None
+
+    root: RootModelRootType
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+        extra = cls.model_config.get('extra')
+        if extra is not None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                "`RootModel` does not support setting `model_config['extra']`", code='root-model-extra'
+            )
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, /, root: RootModelRootType = PydanticUndefined, **data) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        if data:
+            if root is not PydanticUndefined:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '"RootModel.__init__" accepts either a single positional argument or arbitrary keyword arguments'
+                )
+            root = data  # type: ignore
+        self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(root, self_instance=self)
+
+    __init__.__pydantic_base_init__ = True  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_construct(cls, root: RootModelRootType, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None) -> Self:  # type: ignore
+        """Create a new model using the provided root object and update fields set.
+
+        Args:
+            root: The root object of the model.
+            _fields_set: The set of fields to be updated.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new model.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotImplemented: If the model is not a subclass of `RootModel`.
+        """
+        return super().model_construct(root=root, _fields_set=_fields_set)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
+        return {
+            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__': self.__pydantic_fields_set__,
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_fields_set__', state['__pydantic_fields_set__'])
+        _object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state['__dict__'])
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
+        """Returns a shallow copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        new_dict = copy(self.__dict__)
+        new_dict['root'] = copy(self.__dict__['root'])
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', new_dict)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+        return m
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict[int, Any] | None = None) -> Self:
+        """Returns a deep copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', deepcopy(self.__dict__, memo=memo))
+        # This next line doesn't need a deepcopy because __pydantic_fields_set__ is a set[str],
+        # and attempting a deepcopy would be marginally slower.
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+        return m
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def model_dump(  # type: ignore
+            self,
+            *,
+            mode: Literal['json', 'python'] | str = 'python',
+            include: Any = None,
+            exclude: Any = None,
+            context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+            by_alias: bool | None = None,
+            exclude_unset: bool = False,
+            exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+            exclude_none: bool = False,
+            exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+            round_trip: bool = False,
+            warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+            serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        ) -> Any:
+            """This method is included just to get a more accurate return type for type checkers.
+            It is included in this `if TYPE_CHECKING:` block since no override is actually necessary.
+
+            See the documentation of `BaseModel.model_dump` for more details about the arguments.
+
+            Generally, this method will have a return type of `RootModelRootType`, assuming that `RootModelRootType` is
+            not a `BaseModel` subclass. If `RootModelRootType` is a `BaseModel` subclass, then the return
+            type will likely be `dict[str, Any]`, as `model_dump` calls are recursive. The return type could
+            even be something different, in the case of a custom serializer.
+            Thus, `Any` is used here to catch all of these cases.
+            """
+            ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, RootModel):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__pydantic_fields__['root'].annotation == other.__pydantic_fields__[
+            'root'
+        ].annotation and super().__eq__(other)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
+        yield 'root', self.root
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/schema.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3245a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `schema` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/tools.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc68c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `tools` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/type_adapter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/type_adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d962305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/type_adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+"""Type adapter specification."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from types import FrameType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    final,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, SchemaSerializer, SchemaValidator, Some
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, is_typeddict
+
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticUserError
+from pydantic.main import BaseModel, IncEx
+
+from ._internal import _config, _generate_schema, _mock_val_ser, _namespace_utils, _repr, _typing_extra, _utils
+from .config import ConfigDict, ExtraValues
+from .errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from .json_schema import (
+    DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    GenerateJsonSchema,
+    JsonSchemaKeyT,
+    JsonSchemaMode,
+    JsonSchemaValue,
+)
+from .plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator, create_schema_validator
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+R = TypeVar('R')
+P = ParamSpec('P')
+TypeAdapterT = TypeVar('TypeAdapterT', bound='TypeAdapter')
+
+
+def _getattr_no_parents(obj: Any, attribute: str) -> Any:
+    """Returns the attribute value without attempting to look up attributes from parent types."""
+    if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
+        try:
+            return obj.__dict__[attribute]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    slots = getattr(obj, '__slots__', None)
+    if slots is not None and attribute in slots:
+        return getattr(obj, attribute)
+    else:
+        raise AttributeError(attribute)
+
+
+def _type_has_config(type_: Any) -> bool:
+    """Returns whether the type has config."""
+    type_ = _typing_extra.annotated_type(type_) or type_
+    try:
+        return issubclass(type_, BaseModel) or is_dataclass(type_) or is_typeddict(type_)
+    except TypeError:
+        # type is not a class
+        return False
+
+
+@final
+class TypeAdapter(Generic[T]):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`TypeAdapter`](../concepts/type_adapter.md)
+
+    Type adapters provide a flexible way to perform validation and serialization based on a Python type.
+
+    A `TypeAdapter` instance exposes some of the functionality from `BaseModel` instance methods
+    for types that do not have such methods (such as dataclasses, primitive types, and more).
+
+    **Note:** `TypeAdapter` instances are not types, and cannot be used as type annotations for fields.
+
+    Args:
+        type: The type associated with the `TypeAdapter`.
+        config: Configuration for the `TypeAdapter`, should be a dictionary conforming to
+            [`ConfigDict`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
+
+            !!! note
+                You cannot provide a configuration when instantiating a `TypeAdapter` if the type you're using
+                has its own config that cannot be overridden (ex: `BaseModel`, `TypedDict`, and `dataclass`). A
+                [`type-adapter-config-unused`](../errors/usage_errors.md#type-adapter-config-unused) error will
+                be raised in this case.
+        _parent_depth: Depth at which to search for the [parent frame][frame-objects]. This frame is used when
+            resolving forward annotations during schema building, by looking for the globals and locals of this
+            frame. Defaults to 2, which will result in the frame where the `TypeAdapter` was instantiated.
+
+            !!! note
+                This parameter is named with an underscore to suggest its private nature and discourage use.
+                It may be deprecated in a minor version, so we only recommend using it if you're comfortable
+                with potential change in behavior/support. It's default value is 2 because internally,
+                the `TypeAdapter` class makes another call to fetch the frame.
+        module: The module that passes to plugin if provided.
+
+    Attributes:
+        core_schema: The core schema for the type.
+        validator: The schema validator for the type.
+        serializer: The schema serializer for the type.
+        pydantic_complete: Whether the core schema for the type is successfully built.
+
+    ??? tip "Compatibility with `mypy`"
+        Depending on the type used, `mypy` might raise an error when instantiating a `TypeAdapter`. As a workaround, you can explicitly
+        annotate your variable:
+
+        ```py
+        from typing import Union
+
+        from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+
+        ta: TypeAdapter[Union[str, int]] = TypeAdapter(Union[str, int])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        ```
+
+    ??? info "Namespace management nuances and implementation details"
+
+        Here, we collect some notes on namespace management, and subtle differences from `BaseModel`:
+
+        `BaseModel` uses its own `__module__` to find out where it was defined
+        and then looks for symbols to resolve forward references in those globals.
+        On the other hand, `TypeAdapter` can be initialized with arbitrary objects,
+        which may not be types and thus do not have a `__module__` available.
+        So instead we look at the globals in our parent stack frame.
+
+        It is expected that the `ns_resolver` passed to this function will have the correct
+        namespace for the type we're adapting. See the source code for `TypeAdapter.__init__`
+        and `TypeAdapter.rebuild` for various ways to construct this namespace.
+
+        This works for the case where this function is called in a module that
+        has the target of forward references in its scope, but
+        does not always work for more complex cases.
+
+        For example, take the following:
+
+        ```python {title="a.py"}
+        IntList = list[int]
+        OuterDict = dict[str, 'IntList']
+        ```
+
+        ```python {test="skip" title="b.py"}
+        from a import OuterDict
+
+        from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+
+        IntList = int  # replaces the symbol the forward reference is looking for
+        v = TypeAdapter(OuterDict)
+        v({'x': 1})  # should fail but doesn't
+        ```
+
+        If `OuterDict` were a `BaseModel`, this would work because it would resolve
+        the forward reference within the `a.py` namespace.
+        But `TypeAdapter(OuterDict)` can't determine what module `OuterDict` came from.
+
+        In other words, the assumption that _all_ forward references exist in the
+        module we are being called from is not technically always true.
+        Although most of the time it is and it works fine for recursive models and such,
+        `BaseModel`'s behavior isn't perfect either and _can_ break in similar ways,
+        so there is no right or wrong between the two.
+
+        But at the very least this behavior is _subtly_ different from `BaseModel`'s.
+    """
+
+    core_schema: CoreSchema
+    validator: SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator
+    serializer: SchemaSerializer
+    pydantic_complete: bool
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type: type[T],
+        *,
+        config: ConfigDict | None = ...,
+        _parent_depth: int = ...,
+        module: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    # This second overload is for unsupported special forms (such as Annotated, Union, etc.)
+    # Currently there is no way to type this correctly
+    # See https://github.com/python/typing/pull/1618
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type: Any,
+        *,
+        config: ConfigDict | None = ...,
+        _parent_depth: int = ...,
+        module: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type: Any,
+        *,
+        config: ConfigDict | None = None,
+        _parent_depth: int = 2,
+        module: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if _type_has_config(type) and config is not None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Cannot use `config` when the type is a BaseModel, dataclass or TypedDict.'
+                ' These types can have their own config and setting the config via the `config`'
+                ' parameter to TypeAdapter will not override it, thus the `config` you passed to'
+                ' TypeAdapter becomes meaningless, which is probably not what you want.',
+                code='type-adapter-config-unused',
+            )
+
+        self._type = type
+        self._config = config
+        self._parent_depth = _parent_depth
+        self.pydantic_complete = False
+
+        parent_frame = self._fetch_parent_frame()
+        if isinstance(type, types.FunctionType):
+            # Special case functions, which are *not* pushed to the `NsResolver` stack and without this special case
+            # would only have access to the parent namespace where the `TypeAdapter` was instantiated (if the function is defined
+            # in another module, we need to look at that module's globals).
+            if parent_frame is not None:
+                # `f_locals` is the namespace where the type adapter was instantiated (~ to `f_globals` if at the module level):
+                parent_ns = parent_frame.f_locals
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                parent_ns = None
+            globalns, localns = _namespace_utils.ns_for_function(
+                type,
+                parent_namespace=parent_ns,
+            )
+            parent_namespace = None
+        else:
+            if parent_frame is not None:
+                globalns = parent_frame.f_globals
+                # Do not provide a local ns if the type adapter happens to be instantiated at the module level:
+                localns = parent_frame.f_locals if parent_frame.f_locals is not globalns else {}
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                globalns = {}
+                localns = {}
+            parent_namespace = localns
+
+        self._module_name = module or cast(str, globalns.get('__name__', ''))
+        self._init_core_attrs(
+            ns_resolver=_namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+                namespaces_tuple=_namespace_utils.NamespacesTuple(locals=localns, globals=globalns),
+                parent_namespace=parent_namespace,
+            ),
+            force=False,
+        )
+
+    def _fetch_parent_frame(self) -> FrameType | None:
+        frame = sys._getframe(self._parent_depth)
+        if frame.f_globals.get('__name__') == 'typing':
+            # Because `TypeAdapter` is generic, explicitly parametrizing the class results
+            # in a `typing._GenericAlias` instance, which proxies instantiation calls to the
+            # "real" `TypeAdapter` class and thus adding an extra frame to the call. To avoid
+            # pulling anything from the `typing` module, use the correct frame (the one before):
+            return frame.f_back
+
+        return frame
+
+    def _init_core_attrs(
+        self, ns_resolver: _namespace_utils.NsResolver, force: bool, raise_errors: bool = False
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Initialize the core schema, validator, and serializer for the type.
+
+        Args:
+            ns_resolver: The namespace resolver to use when building the core schema for the adapted type.
+            force: Whether to force the construction of the core schema, validator, and serializer.
+                If `force` is set to `False` and `_defer_build` is `True`, the core schema, validator, and serializer will be set to mocks.
+            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors if initializing any of the core attrs fails.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the core schema, validator, and serializer were successfully initialized, otherwise `False`.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUndefinedAnnotation: If `PydanticUndefinedAnnotation` occurs in`__get_pydantic_core_schema__`
+                and `raise_errors=True`.
+        """
+        if not force and self._defer_build:
+            _mock_val_ser.set_type_adapter_mocks(self)
+            self.pydantic_complete = False
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            self.core_schema = _getattr_no_parents(self._type, '__pydantic_core_schema__')
+            self.validator = _getattr_no_parents(self._type, '__pydantic_validator__')
+            self.serializer = _getattr_no_parents(self._type, '__pydantic_serializer__')
+
+            # TODO: we don't go through the rebuild logic here directly because we don't want
+            # to repeat all of the namespace fetching logic that we've already done
+            # so we simply skip to the block below that does the actual schema generation
+            if (
+                isinstance(self.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema)
+                or isinstance(self.validator, _mock_val_ser.MockValSer)
+                or isinstance(self.serializer, _mock_val_ser.MockValSer)
+            ):
+                raise AttributeError()
+        except AttributeError:
+            config_wrapper = _config.ConfigWrapper(self._config)
+
+            schema_generator = _generate_schema.GenerateSchema(config_wrapper, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+            try:
+                core_schema = schema_generator.generate_schema(self._type)
+            except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
+                if raise_errors:
+                    raise
+                _mock_val_ser.set_type_adapter_mocks(self)
+                return False
+
+            try:
+                self.core_schema = schema_generator.clean_schema(core_schema)
+            except _generate_schema.InvalidSchemaError:
+                _mock_val_ser.set_type_adapter_mocks(self)
+                return False
+
+            core_config = config_wrapper.core_config(None)
+
+            self.validator = create_schema_validator(
+                schema=self.core_schema,
+                schema_type=self._type,
+                schema_type_module=self._module_name,
+                schema_type_name=str(self._type),
+                schema_kind='TypeAdapter',
+                config=core_config,
+                plugin_settings=config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+            )
+            self.serializer = SchemaSerializer(self.core_schema, core_config)
+
+        self.pydantic_complete = True
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def _defer_build(self) -> bool:
+        config = self._config if self._config is not None else self._model_config
+        if config:
+            return config.get('defer_build') is True
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _model_config(self) -> ConfigDict | None:
+        type_: Any = _typing_extra.annotated_type(self._type) or self._type  # Eg FastAPI heavily uses Annotated
+        if _utils.lenient_issubclass(type_, BaseModel):
+            return type_.model_config
+        return getattr(type_, '__pydantic_config__', None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'TypeAdapter({_repr.display_as_type(self._type)})'
+
+    def rebuild(
+        self,
+        *,
+        force: bool = False,
+        raise_errors: bool = True,
+        _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
+        _types_namespace: _namespace_utils.MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the adapter's type.
+
+        This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
+        the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.
+
+        Args:
+            force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the type adapter's schema, defaults to `False`.
+            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+            _parent_namespace_depth: Depth at which to search for the [parent frame][frame-objects]. This
+                frame is used when resolving forward annotations during schema rebuilding, by looking for
+                the locals of this frame. Defaults to 2, which will result in the frame where the method
+                was called.
+            _types_namespace: An explicit types namespace to use, instead of using the local namespace
+                from the parent frame. Defaults to `None`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
+            If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
+        """
+        if not force and self.pydantic_complete:
+            return None
+
+        if _types_namespace is not None:
+            rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
+        elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
+            rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
+        else:
+            rebuild_ns = {}
+
+        # we have to manually fetch globals here because there's no type on the stack of the NsResolver
+        # and so we skip the globalns = get_module_ns_of(typ) call that would normally happen
+        globalns = sys._getframe(max(_parent_namespace_depth - 1, 1)).f_globals
+        ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+            namespaces_tuple=_namespace_utils.NamespacesTuple(locals=rebuild_ns, globals=globalns),
+            parent_namespace=rebuild_ns,
+        )
+        return self._init_core_attrs(ns_resolver=ns_resolver, force=True, raise_errors=raise_errors)
+
+    def validate_python(
+        self,
+        object: Any,
+        /,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        experimental_allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> T:
+        """Validate a Python object against the model.
+
+        Args:
+            object: The Python object to validate against the model.
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            from_attributes: Whether to extract data from object attributes.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.
+            experimental_allow_partial: **Experimental** whether to enable
+                [partial validation](../concepts/experimental.md#partial-validation), e.g. to process streams.
+                * False / 'off': Default behavior, no partial validation.
+                * True / 'on': Enable partial validation.
+                * 'trailing-strings': Enable partial validation and allow trailing strings in the input.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        !!! note
+            When using `TypeAdapter` with a Pydantic `dataclass`, the use of the `from_attributes`
+            argument is not supported.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return self.validator.validate_python(
+            object,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            from_attributes=from_attributes,
+            context=context,
+            allow_partial=experimental_allow_partial,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    def validate_json(
+        self,
+        data: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        /,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        experimental_allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> T:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [JSON Parsing](../concepts/json.md#json-parsing)
+
+        Validate a JSON string or bytes against the model.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The JSON data to validate against the model.
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Additional context to use during validation.
+            experimental_allow_partial: **Experimental** whether to enable
+                [partial validation](../concepts/experimental.md#partial-validation), e.g. to process streams.
+                * False / 'off': Default behavior, no partial validation.
+                * True / 'on': Enable partial validation.
+                * 'trailing-strings': Enable partial validation and allow trailing strings in the input.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return self.validator.validate_json(
+            data,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            context=context,
+            allow_partial=experimental_allow_partial,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    def validate_strings(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        /,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        experimental_allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> T:
+        """Validate object contains string data against the model.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object contains string data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Additional context to use during validation.
+            experimental_allow_partial: **Experimental** whether to enable
+                [partial validation](../concepts/experimental.md#partial-validation), e.g. to process streams.
+                * False / 'off': Default behavior, no partial validation.
+                * True / 'on': Enable partial validation.
+                * 'trailing-strings': Enable partial validation and allow trailing strings in the input.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return self.validator.validate_strings(
+            obj,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            context=context,
+            allow_partial=experimental_allow_partial,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    def get_default_value(self, *, strict: bool | None = None, context: Any | None = None) -> Some[T] | None:
+        """Get the default value for the wrapped type.
+
+        Args:
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value wrapped in a `Some` if there is one or None if not.
+        """
+        return self.validator.get_default_value(strict=strict, context=context)
+
+    def dump_python(
+        self,
+        instance: T,
+        /,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal['json', 'python'] = 'python',
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Dump an instance of the adapted type to a Python object.
+
+        Args:
+            instance: The Python object to serialize.
+            mode: The output format.
+            include: Fields to include in the output.
+            exclude: Fields to exclude from the output.
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names for field names.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude unset fields.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields with default values.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields with None values.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: Whether to output the serialized data in a way that is compatible with deserialization.
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+
+        Returns:
+            The serialized object.
+        """
+        return self.serializer.to_python(
+            instance,
+            mode=mode,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+            context=context,
+        )
+
+    def dump_json(
+        self,
+        instance: T,
+        /,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [JSON Serialization](../concepts/json.md#json-serialization)
+
+        Serialize an instance of the adapted type to JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            instance: The instance to be serialized.
+            indent: Number of spaces for JSON indentation.
+            ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+                If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+            include: Fields to include.
+            exclude: Fields to exclude.
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names for field names.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude unset fields.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields with default values.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields with a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: Whether to serialize and deserialize the instance to ensure round-tripping.
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON representation of the given instance as bytes.
+        """
+        return self.serializer.to_json(
+            instance,
+            indent=indent,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+            context=context,
+        )
+
+    def json_schema(
+        self,
+        *,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+        mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Generate a JSON schema for the adapted type.
+
+        Args:
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names for field names.
+            ref_template: The format string used for generating $ref strings.
+            union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+                - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+                keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+                - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+                keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+                type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+                `any_of`.
+            schema_generator: To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of
+                `GenerateJsonSchema` with your desired modifications
+            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema.
+            schema_generator: The generator class used for creating the schema.
+            mode: The mode to use for schema generation.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON schema for the model as a dictionary.
+        """
+        schema_generator_instance = schema_generator(
+            by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format
+        )
+        if isinstance(self.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+            self.core_schema.rebuild()
+            assert not isinstance(self.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema), 'this is a bug! please report it'
+        return schema_generator_instance.generate(self.core_schema, mode=mode)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def json_schemas(
+        inputs: Iterable[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode, TypeAdapter[Any]]],
+        /,
+        *,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+    ) -> tuple[dict[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode], JsonSchemaValue], JsonSchemaValue]:
+        """Generate a JSON schema including definitions from multiple type adapters.
+
+        Args:
+            inputs: Inputs to schema generation. The first two items will form the keys of the (first)
+                output mapping; the type adapters will provide the core schemas that get converted into
+                definitions in the output JSON schema.
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names.
+            title: The title for the schema.
+            description: The description for the schema.
+            ref_template: The format string used for generating $ref strings.
+            union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+                - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+                keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+                - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+                keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+                type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+                `any_of`.
+            schema_generator: The generator class used for creating the schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple where:
+
+                - The first element is a dictionary whose keys are tuples of JSON schema key type and JSON mode, and
+                    whose values are the JSON schema corresponding to that pair of inputs. (These schemas may have
+                    JsonRef references to definitions that are defined in the second returned element.)
+                - The second element is a JSON schema containing all definitions referenced in the first returned
+                    element, along with the optional title and description keys.
+
+        """
+        schema_generator_instance = schema_generator(
+            by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format
+        )
+
+        inputs_ = []
+        for key, mode, adapter in inputs:
+            # This is the same pattern we follow for model json schemas - we attempt a core schema rebuild if we detect a mock
+            if isinstance(adapter.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+                adapter.core_schema.rebuild()
+                assert not isinstance(adapter.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema), (
+                    'this is a bug! please report it'
+                )
+            inputs_.append((key, mode, adapter.core_schema))
+
+        json_schemas_map, definitions = schema_generator_instance.generate_definitions(inputs_)
+
+        json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if definitions:
+            json_schema['$defs'] = definitions
+        if title:
+            json_schema['title'] = title
+        if description:
+            json_schema['description'] = description
+
+        return json_schemas_map, json_schema
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..467bc82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3310 @@
+"""The types module contains custom types used by pydantic."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import base64
+import dataclasses as _dataclasses
+import re
+from collections.abc import Hashable, Iterator
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from re import Pattern
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+
+import annotated_types
+from annotated_types import BaseMetadata, MaxLen, MinLen
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, PydanticCustomError, SchemaSerializer, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAlias, TypeAliasType, deprecated, get_args, get_origin
+
+from ._internal import _fields, _internal_dataclass, _utils, _validators
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._core_metadata import CoreMetadata
+
+__all__ = (
+    'Strict',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'SocketPath',
+    'conbytes',
+    'conlist',
+    'conset',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'constr',
+    'ImportString',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'condecimal',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'UUID6',
+    'UUID7',
+    'UUID8',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'NewPath',
+    'Json',
+    'Secret',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    'PastDatetime',
+    'FutureDatetime',
+    'condate',
+    'AwareDatetime',
+    'NaiveDatetime',
+    'AllowInfNan',
+    'EncoderProtocol',
+    'EncodedBytes',
+    'EncodedStr',
+    'Base64Encoder',
+    'Base64Bytes',
+    'Base64Str',
+    'Base64UrlBytes',
+    'Base64UrlStr',
+    'GetPydanticSchema',
+    'StringConstraints',
+    'Tag',
+    'Discriminator',
+    'JsonValue',
+    'OnErrorOmit',
+    'FailFast',
+)
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class Strict(_fields.PydanticMetadata, BaseMetadata):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Strict Mode with `Annotated` `Strict`](../concepts/strict_mode.md#strict-mode-with-annotated-strict)
+
+    A field metadata class to indicate that a field should be validated in strict mode.
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        strict: Whether to validate the field in strict mode.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic.types import Strict
+
+        StrictBool = Annotated[bool, Strict()]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    strict: bool = True
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.strict)
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BOOLEAN TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+StrictBool = Annotated[bool, Strict()]
+"""A boolean that must be either ``True`` or ``False``."""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ INTEGER TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def conint(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: int | None = None,
+    ge: int | None = None,
+    lt: int | None = None,
+    le: int | None = None,
+    multiple_of: int | None = None,
+) -> type[int]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`Field`][pydantic.fields.Field] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `conint` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, conint
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: conint(strict=True, gt=0)
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[int, Field(strict=True, gt=0)]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around `int` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the integer in strict mode. Defaults to `None`.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this.
+        lt: The value must be less than this.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this.
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped integer type.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, conint
+
+    class ConstrainedExample(BaseModel):
+        constrained_int: conint(gt=1)
+
+    m = ConstrainedExample(constrained_int=2)
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> ConstrainedExample(constrained_int=2)
+
+    try:
+        ConstrainedExample(constrained_int=0)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e.errors())
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('constrained_int',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 1',
+                'input': 0,
+                'ctx': {'gt': 1},
+                'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        int,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+        annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of) if multiple_of is not None else None,
+    ]
+
+
+PositiveInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Gt(0)]
+"""An integer that must be greater than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, PositiveInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    positive_int: PositiveInt
+
+m = Model(positive_int=1)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(positive_int=1)
+
+try:
+    Model(positive_int=-1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than',
+            'loc': ('positive_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than 0',
+            'input': -1,
+            'ctx': {'gt': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NegativeInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Lt(0)]
+"""An integer that must be less than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NegativeInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    negative_int: NegativeInt
+
+m = Model(negative_int=-1)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(negative_int=-1)
+
+try:
+    Model(negative_int=1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than',
+            'loc': ('negative_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than 0',
+            'input': 1,
+            'ctx': {'lt': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonPositiveInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Le(0)]
+"""An integer that must be less than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonPositiveInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_positive_int: NonPositiveInt
+
+m = Model(non_positive_int=0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_positive_int=0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_positive_int=1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_positive_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than or equal to 0',
+            'input': 1,
+            'ctx': {'le': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonNegativeInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Ge(0)]
+"""An integer that must be greater than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonNegativeInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_negative_int: NonNegativeInt
+
+m = Model(non_negative_int=0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_negative_int=0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_negative_int=-1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_negative_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than or equal to 0',
+            'input': -1,
+            'ctx': {'ge': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+StrictInt = Annotated[int, Strict()]
+"""An integer that must be validated in strict mode.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, StrictInt, ValidationError
+
+class StrictIntModel(BaseModel):
+    strict_int: StrictInt
+
+try:
+    StrictIntModel(strict_int=3.14159)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for StrictIntModel
+    strict_int
+      Input should be a valid integer [type=int_type, input_value=3.14159, input_type=float]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FLOAT TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class AllowInfNan(_fields.PydanticMetadata):
+    """A field metadata class to indicate that a field should allow `-inf`, `inf`, and `nan`.
+
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow `-inf`, `inf`, and `nan`. Defaults to `True`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic.types import AllowInfNan
+
+        LaxFloat = Annotated[float, AllowInfNan()]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    allow_inf_nan: bool = True
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.allow_inf_nan)
+
+
+def confloat(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: float | None = None,
+    ge: float | None = None,
+    lt: float | None = None,
+    le: float | None = None,
+    multiple_of: float | None = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[float]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`Field`][pydantic.fields.Field] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `confloat` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, confloat
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: confloat(strict=True, gt=0)
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[float, Field(strict=True, gt=0)]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around `float` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the float in strict mode.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this.
+        lt: The value must be less than this.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this.
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow `-inf`, `inf`, and `nan`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped float type.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, confloat
+
+    class ConstrainedExample(BaseModel):
+        constrained_float: confloat(gt=1.0)
+
+    m = ConstrainedExample(constrained_float=1.1)
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> ConstrainedExample(constrained_float=1.1)
+
+    try:
+        ConstrainedExample(constrained_float=0.9)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e.errors())
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('constrained_float',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 1',
+                'input': 0.9,
+                'ctx': {'gt': 1.0},
+                'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        float,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+        annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of) if multiple_of is not None else None,
+        AllowInfNan(allow_inf_nan) if allow_inf_nan is not None else None,
+    ]
+
+
+PositiveFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Gt(0)]
+"""A float that must be greater than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, PositiveFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    positive_float: PositiveFloat
+
+m = Model(positive_float=1.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(positive_float=1.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(positive_float=-1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than',
+            'loc': ('positive_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than 0',
+            'input': -1.0,
+            'ctx': {'gt': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NegativeFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Lt(0)]
+"""A float that must be less than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NegativeFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    negative_float: NegativeFloat
+
+m = Model(negative_float=-1.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(negative_float=-1.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(negative_float=1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than',
+            'loc': ('negative_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than 0',
+            'input': 1.0,
+            'ctx': {'lt': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonPositiveFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Le(0)]
+"""A float that must be less than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonPositiveFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_positive_float: NonPositiveFloat
+
+m = Model(non_positive_float=0.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_positive_float=0.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_positive_float=1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_positive_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than or equal to 0',
+            'input': 1.0,
+            'ctx': {'le': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonNegativeFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Ge(0)]
+"""A float that must be greater than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonNegativeFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_negative_float: NonNegativeFloat
+
+m = Model(non_negative_float=0.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_negative_float=0.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_negative_float=-1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_negative_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than or equal to 0',
+            'input': -1.0,
+            'ctx': {'ge': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+StrictFloat = Annotated[float, Strict(True)]
+"""A float that must be validated in strict mode.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, StrictFloat, ValidationError
+
+class StrictFloatModel(BaseModel):
+    strict_float: StrictFloat
+
+try:
+    StrictFloatModel(strict_float='1.0')
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for StrictFloatModel
+    strict_float
+      Input should be a valid number [type=float_type, input_value='1.0', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+FiniteFloat = Annotated[float, AllowInfNan(False)]
+"""A float that must be finite (not ``-inf``, ``inf``, or ``nan``).
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, FiniteFloat
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    finite: FiniteFloat
+
+m = Model(finite=1.0)
+print(m)
+#> finite=1.0
+```
+"""
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTES TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def conbytes(
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[bytes]:
+    """A wrapper around `bytes` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        min_length: The minimum length of the bytes.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the bytes.
+        strict: Whether to validate the bytes in strict mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped bytes type.
+    """
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        bytes,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length),
+    ]
+
+
+StrictBytes = Annotated[bytes, Strict()]
+"""A bytes that must be validated in strict mode."""
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STRING TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class StringConstraints(annotated_types.GroupedMetadata):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [String types](./standard_library_types.md#strings)
+
+    A field metadata class to apply constraints to `str` types.
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        strip_whitespace: Whether to remove leading and trailing whitespace.
+        to_upper: Whether to convert the string to uppercase.
+        to_lower: Whether to convert the string to lowercase.
+        strict: Whether to validate the string in strict mode.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the string.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the string.
+        pattern: A regex pattern that the string must match.
+        ascii_only: Whether the string should contain only ASCII characters.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic.types import StringConstraints
+
+        ConstrainedStr = Annotated[str, StringConstraints(min_length=1, max_length=10)]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    strip_whitespace: bool | None = None
+    to_upper: bool | None = None
+    to_lower: bool | None = None
+    strict: bool | None = None
+    min_length: int | None = None
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    pattern: str | Pattern[str] | None = None
+    ascii_only: bool | None = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
+        if self.min_length is not None:
+            yield MinLen(self.min_length)
+        if self.max_length is not None:
+            yield MaxLen(self.max_length)
+        if self.strict is not None:
+            yield Strict(self.strict)
+        if (
+            self.strip_whitespace is not None
+            or self.pattern is not None
+            or self.to_lower is not None
+            or self.to_upper is not None
+            or self.ascii_only is not None
+        ):
+            yield _fields.pydantic_general_metadata(
+                strip_whitespace=self.strip_whitespace,
+                to_upper=self.to_upper,
+                to_lower=self.to_lower,
+                pattern=self.pattern,
+                ascii_only=self.ascii_only,
+            )
+
+
+def constr(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool | None = None,
+    to_upper: bool | None = None,
+    to_lower: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    pattern: str | Pattern[str] | None = None,
+    ascii_only: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[str]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`StringConstraints`][pydantic.types.StringConstraints] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `constr` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, constr
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: constr(strip_whitespace=True, to_upper=True, pattern=r'^[A-Z]+$')
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, StringConstraints
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[
+                    str,
+                    StringConstraints(
+                        strip_whitespace=True, to_upper=True, pattern=r'^[A-Z]+$'
+                    ),
+                ]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around `str` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, constr
+
+    class Foo(BaseModel):
+        bar: constr(strip_whitespace=True, to_upper=True)
+
+    foo = Foo(bar='  hello  ')
+    print(foo)
+    #> bar='HELLO'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strip_whitespace: Whether to remove leading and trailing whitespace.
+        to_upper: Whether to turn all characters to uppercase.
+        to_lower: Whether to turn all characters to lowercase.
+        strict: Whether to validate the string in strict mode.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the string.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the string.
+        pattern: A regex pattern to validate the string against.
+        ascii_only: Whether the string should contain only ASCII characters.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped string type.
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        str,
+        StringConstraints(
+            strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+            to_upper=to_upper,
+            to_lower=to_lower,
+            strict=strict,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            ascii_only=ascii_only,
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+StrictStr = Annotated[str, Strict()]
+"""A string that must be validated in strict mode."""
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COLLECTION TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+HashableItemType = TypeVar('HashableItemType', bound=Hashable)
+
+
+def conset(
+    item_type: type[HashableItemType], *, min_length: int | None = None, max_length: int | None = None
+) -> type[set[HashableItemType]]:
+    """A wrapper around `typing.Set` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        item_type: The type of the items in the set.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the set.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the set.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped set type.
+    """
+    return Annotated[set[item_type], annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length)]  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+def confrozenset(
+    item_type: type[HashableItemType], *, min_length: int | None = None, max_length: int | None = None
+) -> type[frozenset[HashableItemType]]:
+    """A wrapper around `typing.FrozenSet` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        item_type: The type of the items in the frozenset.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the frozenset.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the frozenset.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped frozenset type.
+    """
+    return Annotated[frozenset[item_type], annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length)]  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+AnyItemType = TypeVar('AnyItemType')
+
+
+def conlist(
+    item_type: type[AnyItemType],
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    unique_items: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[list[AnyItemType]]:
+    """A wrapper around [`list`][] that adds validation.
+
+    Args:
+        item_type: The type of the items in the list.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the list. Defaults to None.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the list. Defaults to None.
+        unique_items: Whether the items in the list must be unique. Defaults to None.
+            !!! warning Deprecated
+                The `unique_items` parameter is deprecated, use `Set` instead.
+                See [this issue](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296) for more details.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped list type.
+    """
+    if unique_items is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            (
+                '`unique_items` is removed, use `Set` instead'
+                '(this feature is discussed in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296)'
+            ),
+            code='removed-kwargs',
+        )
+    return Annotated[list[item_type], annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length)]  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IMPORT STRING TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    ImportString = Annotated[AnyType, ...]
+else:
+
+    class ImportString:
+        """A type that can be used to import a Python object from a string.
+
+        `ImportString` expects a string and loads the Python object importable at that dotted path.
+        Attributes of modules may be separated from the module by `:` or `.`, e.g. if `'math:cos'` is provided,
+        the resulting field value would be the function `cos`. If a `.` is used and both an attribute and submodule
+        are present at the same path, the module will be preferred.
+
+        On model instantiation, pointers will be evaluated and imported. There is
+        some nuance to this behavior, demonstrated in the examples below.
+
+        ```python
+        import math
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ImportString, ValidationError
+
+        class ImportThings(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString
+
+        # A string value will cause an automatic import
+        my_cos = ImportThings(obj='math.cos')
+
+        # You can use the imported function as you would expect
+        cos_of_0 = my_cos.obj(0)
+        assert cos_of_0 == 1
+
+        # A string whose value cannot be imported will raise an error
+        try:
+            ImportThings(obj='foo.bar')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            1 validation error for ImportThings
+            obj
+              Invalid python path: No module named 'foo' [type=import_error, input_value='foo.bar', input_type=str]
+            '''
+
+        # Actual python objects can be assigned as well
+        my_cos = ImportThings(obj=math.cos)
+        my_cos_2 = ImportThings(obj='math.cos')
+        my_cos_3 = ImportThings(obj='math:cos')
+        assert my_cos == my_cos_2 == my_cos_3
+
+        # You can set default field value either as Python object:
+        class ImportThingsDefaultPyObj(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString = math.cos
+
+        # or as a string value (but only if used with `validate_default=True`)
+        class ImportThingsDefaultString(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString = Field(default='math.cos', validate_default=True)
+
+        my_cos_default1 = ImportThingsDefaultPyObj()
+        my_cos_default2 = ImportThingsDefaultString()
+        assert my_cos_default1.obj == my_cos_default2.obj == math.cos
+
+        # note: this will not work!
+        class ImportThingsMissingValidateDefault(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString = 'math.cos'
+
+        my_cos_default3 = ImportThingsMissingValidateDefault()
+        assert my_cos_default3.obj == 'math.cos'  # just string, not evaluated
+        ```
+
+        Serializing an `ImportString` type to json is also possible.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, ImportString
+
+        class ImportThings(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString
+
+        # Create an instance
+        m = ImportThings(obj='math.cos')
+        print(m)
+        #> obj=<built-in function cos>
+        print(m.model_dump_json())
+        #> {"obj":"math.cos"}
+        ```
+        """
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            serializer = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(cls._serialize, when_used='json')
+            if cls is source:
+                # Treat bare usage of ImportString (`schema is None`) as the same as ImportString[Any]
+                return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                    function=_validators.import_string, serialization=serializer
+                )
+            else:
+                return core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(
+                    function=_validators.import_string, schema=handler(source), serialization=serializer
+                )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(cls, cs: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            return handler(core_schema.str_schema())
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def _serialize(v: Any) -> str:
+            if isinstance(v, ModuleType):
+                return v.__name__
+            elif hasattr(v, '__module__') and hasattr(v, '__name__'):
+                return f'{v.__module__}.{v.__name__}'
+            # Handle special cases for sys.XXX streams
+            # if we see more of these, we should consider a more general solution
+            elif hasattr(v, 'name'):
+                if v.name == '<stdout>':
+                    return 'sys.stdout'
+                elif v.name == '<stdin>':
+                    return 'sys.stdin'
+                elif v.name == '<stderr>':
+                    return 'sys.stderr'
+            return v
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'ImportString'
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DECIMAL TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def condecimal(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    ge: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    lt: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    le: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    multiple_of: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    max_digits: int | None = None,
+    decimal_places: int | None = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[Decimal]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`Field`][pydantic.fields.Field] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `condecimal` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, condecimal
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: condecimal(strict=True, allow_inf_nan=True)
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from decimal import Decimal
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[Decimal, Field(strict=True, allow_inf_nan=True)]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around Decimal that adds validation.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the value in strict mode. Defaults to `None`.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+        lt: The value must be less than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this. Defaults to `None`.
+        max_digits: The maximum number of digits. Defaults to `None`.
+        decimal_places: The number of decimal places. Defaults to `None`.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow infinity and NaN. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    ```python
+    from decimal import Decimal
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, condecimal
+
+    class ConstrainedExample(BaseModel):
+        constrained_decimal: condecimal(gt=Decimal('1.0'))
+
+    m = ConstrainedExample(constrained_decimal=Decimal('1.1'))
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> ConstrainedExample(constrained_decimal=Decimal('1.1'))
+
+    try:
+        ConstrainedExample(constrained_decimal=Decimal('0.9'))
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e.errors())
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('constrained_decimal',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 1.0',
+                'input': Decimal('0.9'),
+                'ctx': {'gt': Decimal('1.0')},
+                'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        Decimal,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+        annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of) if multiple_of is not None else None,
+        _fields.pydantic_general_metadata(max_digits=max_digits, decimal_places=decimal_places),
+        AllowInfNan(allow_inf_nan) if allow_inf_nan is not None else None,
+    ]
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UUID TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class UuidVersion:
+    """A field metadata class to indicate a [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) version.
+
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        uuid_version: The version of the UUID. Must be one of 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+        from uuid import UUID
+
+        from pydantic.types import UuidVersion
+
+        UUID1 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(1)]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    uuid_version: Literal[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.pop('anyOf', None)  # remove the bytes/str union
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format=f'uuid{self.uuid_version}')
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+        _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'uuid', self.__class__.__name__)
+        schema['version'] = self.uuid_version  # type: ignore
+        return schema
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.uuid_version)
+
+
+UUID1 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(1)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 1.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID1, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid1: UUID1
+
+Model(uuid1=uuid.uuid1())
+```
+"""
+UUID3 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(3)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 3.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID3, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid3: UUID3
+
+Model(uuid3=uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'pydantic.org'))
+```
+"""
+UUID4 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(4)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 4.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID4, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid4: UUID4
+
+Model(uuid4=uuid.uuid4())
+```
+"""
+UUID5 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(5)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 5.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID5, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid5: UUID5
+
+Model(uuid5=uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'pydantic.org'))
+```
+"""
+UUID6 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(6)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 6.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID6, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid6: UUID6
+
+Model(uuid6=uuid.UUID('1efea953-c2d6-6790-aa0a-69db8c87df97'))
+```
+"""
+UUID7 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(7)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 7.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID7, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid7: UUID7
+
+Model(uuid7=uuid.UUID('0194fdcb-1c47-7a09-b52c-561154de0b4a'))
+```
+"""
+UUID8 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(8)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 8.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID8, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid8: UUID8
+
+Model(uuid8=uuid.UUID('81a0b92e-6078-8551-9c81-8ccb666bdab8'))
+```
+"""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PATH TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class PathType:
+    path_type: Literal['file', 'dir', 'new', 'socket']
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        format_conversion = {'file': 'file-path', 'dir': 'directory-path'}
+        field_schema.update(format=format_conversion.get(self.path_type, 'path'), type='string')
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        function_lookup = {
+            'file': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_file),
+            'dir': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_directory),
+            'new': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_new),
+            'socket': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_socket),
+        }
+
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function_lookup[self.path_type],
+            handler(source),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_file(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.is_file():
+            return path
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_not_file', 'Path does not point to a file')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_socket(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.is_socket():
+            return path
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_not_socket', 'Path does not point to a socket')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_directory(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.is_dir():
+            return path
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_not_directory', 'Path does not point to a directory')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_new(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.exists():
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_exists', 'Path already exists')
+        elif not path.parent.exists():
+            raise PydanticCustomError('parent_does_not_exist', 'Parent directory does not exist')
+        else:
+            return path
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.path_type)
+
+
+FilePath = Annotated[Path, PathType('file')]
+"""A path that must point to a file.
+
+```python
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, FilePath, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    f: FilePath
+
+path = Path('text.txt')
+path.touch()
+m = Model(f='text.txt')
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'f': PosixPath('text.txt')}
+path.unlink()
+
+path = Path('directory')
+path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+try:
+    Model(f='directory')  # directory
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a file [type=path_not_file, input_value='directory', input_type=str]
+    '''
+path.rmdir()
+
+try:
+    Model(f='not-exists-file')
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a file [type=path_not_file, input_value='not-exists-file', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+DirectoryPath = Annotated[Path, PathType('dir')]
+"""A path that must point to a directory.
+
+```python
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, DirectoryPath, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    f: DirectoryPath
+
+path = Path('directory/')
+path.mkdir()
+m = Model(f='directory/')
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'f': PosixPath('directory')}
+path.rmdir()
+
+path = Path('file.txt')
+path.touch()
+try:
+    Model(f='file.txt')  # file
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a directory [type=path_not_directory, input_value='file.txt', input_type=str]
+    '''
+path.unlink()
+
+try:
+    Model(f='not-exists-directory')
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a directory [type=path_not_directory, input_value='not-exists-directory', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NewPath = Annotated[Path, PathType('new')]
+"""A path for a new file or directory that must not already exist. The parent directory must already exist."""
+
+SocketPath = Annotated[Path, PathType('socket')]
+"""A path to an existing socket file"""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ JSON TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Json[list[str]] will be recognized by type checkers as list[str]
+    Json = Annotated[AnyType, ...]
+
+else:
+
+    class Json:
+        """A special type wrapper which loads JSON before parsing.
+
+        You can use the `Json` data type to make Pydantic first load a raw JSON string before
+        validating the loaded data into the parametrized type:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Any
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Json, ValidationError
+
+        class AnyJsonModel(BaseModel):
+            json_obj: Json[Any]
+
+        class ConstrainedJsonModel(BaseModel):
+            json_obj: Json[list[int]]
+
+        print(AnyJsonModel(json_obj='{"b": 1}'))
+        #> json_obj={'b': 1}
+        print(ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[1, 2, 3]'))
+        #> json_obj=[1, 2, 3]
+
+        try:
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj=12)
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            1 validation error for ConstrainedJsonModel
+            json_obj
+              JSON input should be string, bytes or bytearray [type=json_type, input_value=12, input_type=int]
+            '''
+
+        try:
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[a, b]')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            1 validation error for ConstrainedJsonModel
+            json_obj
+              Invalid JSON: expected value at line 1 column 2 [type=json_invalid, input_value='[a, b]', input_type=str]
+            '''
+
+        try:
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='["a", "b"]')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            2 validation errors for ConstrainedJsonModel
+            json_obj.0
+              Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+            json_obj.1
+              Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='b', input_type=str]
+            '''
+        ```
+
+        When you dump the model using `model_dump` or `model_dump_json`, the dumped value will be the result of validation,
+        not the original JSON string. However, you can use the argument `round_trip=True` to get the original JSON string back:
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Json
+
+        class ConstrainedJsonModel(BaseModel):
+            json_obj: Json[list[int]]
+
+        print(ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[1, 2, 3]').model_dump_json())
+        #> {"json_obj":[1,2,3]}
+        print(
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[1, 2, 3]').model_dump_json(round_trip=True)
+        )
+        #> {"json_obj":"[1,2,3]"}
+        ```
+        """
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                return core_schema.json_schema(None)
+            else:
+                return core_schema.json_schema(handler(source))
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'Json'
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(type(self))
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+            return type(other) is type(self)
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECRET TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+# The `Secret` class being conceptually immutable, make the type variable covariant:
+SecretType = TypeVar('SecretType', covariant=True)
+
+
+class _SecretBase(Generic[SecretType]):
+    def __init__(self, secret_value: SecretType) -> None:
+        self._secret_value: SecretType = secret_value
+
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> SecretType:
+        """Get the secret value.
+
+        Returns:
+            The secret value.
+        """
+        return self._secret_value
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.get_secret_value() == other.get_secret_value()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.get_secret_value())
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._display())
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({self._display()!r})'
+
+    def _display(self) -> str | bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def _serialize_secret(value: Secret[SecretType], info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | Secret[SecretType]:
+    if info.mode == 'json':
+        return str(value)
+    else:
+        return value
+
+
+class Secret(_SecretBase[SecretType]):
+    """A generic base class used for defining a field with sensitive information that you do not want to be visible in logging or tracebacks.
+
+    You may either directly parametrize `Secret` with a type, or subclass from `Secret` with a parametrized type. The benefit of subclassing
+    is that you can define a custom `_display` method, which will be used for `repr()` and `str()` methods. The examples below demonstrate both
+    ways of using `Secret` to create a new secret type.
+
+    1. Directly parametrizing `Secret` with a type:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Secret
+
+    SecretBool = Secret[bool]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        secret_bool: SecretBool
+
+    m = Model(secret_bool=True)
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'secret_bool': Secret('**********')}
+
+    print(m.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"secret_bool":"**********"}
+
+    print(m.secret_bool.get_secret_value())
+    #> True
+    ```
+
+    2. Subclassing from parametrized `Secret`:
+
+    ```python
+    from datetime import date
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Secret
+
+    class SecretDate(Secret[date]):
+        def _display(self) -> str:
+            return '****/**/**'
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        secret_date: SecretDate
+
+    m = Model(secret_date=date(2022, 1, 1))
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'secret_date': SecretDate('****/**/**')}
+
+    print(m.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"secret_date":"****/**/**"}
+
+    print(m.secret_date.get_secret_value())
+    #> 2022-01-01
+    ```
+
+    The value returned by the `_display` method will be used for `repr()` and `str()`.
+
+    You can enforce constraints on the underlying type through annotations:
+    For example:
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, Secret, ValidationError
+
+    SecretPosInt = Secret[Annotated[int, Field(gt=0, strict=True)]]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        sensitive_int: SecretPosInt
+
+    m = Model(sensitive_int=42)
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'sensitive_int': Secret('**********')}
+
+    try:
+        m = Model(sensitive_int=-42)  # (1)!
+    except ValidationError as exc_info:
+        print(exc_info.errors(include_url=False, include_input=False))
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('sensitive_int',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 0',
+                'ctx': {'gt': 0},
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+
+    try:
+        m = Model(sensitive_int='42')  # (2)!
+    except ValidationError as exc_info:
+        print(exc_info.errors(include_url=False, include_input=False))
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'int_type',
+                'loc': ('sensitive_int',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be a valid integer',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    1. The input value is not greater than 0, so it raises a validation error.
+    2. The input value is not an integer, so it raises a validation error because the `SecretPosInt` type has strict mode enabled.
+    """
+
+    def _display(self) -> str | bytes:
+        return '**********' if self.get_secret_value() else ''
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        inner_type = None
+        # if origin_type is Secret, then cls is a GenericAlias, and we can extract the inner type directly
+        origin_type = get_origin(source)
+        if origin_type is not None:
+            inner_type = get_args(source)[0]
+        # otherwise, we need to get the inner type from the base class
+        else:
+            bases = getattr(cls, '__orig_bases__', getattr(cls, '__bases__', []))
+            for base in bases:
+                if get_origin(base) is Secret:
+                    inner_type = get_args(base)[0]
+            if bases == [] or inner_type is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Can't get secret type from {cls.__name__}. "
+                    'Please use Secret[<type>], or subclass from Secret[<type>] instead.'
+                )
+
+        inner_schema = handler.generate_schema(inner_type)  # type: ignore
+
+        def validate_secret_value(value, handler) -> Secret[SecretType]:
+            if isinstance(value, Secret):
+                value = value.get_secret_value()
+            validated_inner = handler(value)
+            return cls(validated_inner)
+
+        return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            python_schema=core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                validate_secret_value,
+                inner_schema,
+            ),
+            json_schema=core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(lambda x: cls(x), inner_schema),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                _serialize_secret,
+                info_arg=True,
+                when_used='always',
+            ),
+        )
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(
+        core_schema.any_schema(
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                _serialize_secret,
+                info_arg=True,
+                when_used='always',
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _secret_display(value: SecretType) -> str:  # type: ignore
+    return '**********' if value else ''
+
+
+def _serialize_secret_field(
+    value: _SecretField[SecretType], info: core_schema.SerializationInfo
+) -> str | _SecretField[SecretType]:
+    if info.mode == 'json':
+        # we want the output to always be string without the `b'` prefix for bytes,
+        # hence we just use `secret_display`
+        return _secret_display(value.get_secret_value())
+    else:
+        return value
+
+
+class _SecretField(_SecretBase[SecretType]):
+    _inner_schema: ClassVar[CoreSchema]
+    _error_kind: ClassVar[str]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        def get_json_schema(_core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            json_schema = handler(cls._inner_schema)
+            _utils.update_not_none(
+                json_schema,
+                type='string',
+                writeOnly=True,
+                format='password',
+            )
+            return json_schema
+
+        def get_secret_schema(strict: bool) -> CoreSchema:
+            inner_schema = {**cls._inner_schema, 'strict': strict}
+            json_schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                source,  # construct the type
+                inner_schema,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+            )
+            return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                python_schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                    [
+                        core_schema.is_instance_schema(source),
+                        json_schema,
+                    ],
+                    custom_error_type=cls._error_kind,
+                ),
+                json_schema=json_schema,
+                serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    _serialize_secret_field,
+                    info_arg=True,
+                    when_used='always',
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=get_secret_schema(strict=False),
+            strict_schema=get_secret_schema(strict=True),
+            metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [get_json_schema]},
+        )
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(
+        core_schema.any_schema(
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                _serialize_secret_field,
+                info_arg=True,
+                when_used='always',
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+class SecretStr(_SecretField[str]):
+    """A string used for storing sensitive information that you do not want to be visible in logging or tracebacks.
+
+    When the secret value is nonempty, it is displayed as `'**********'` instead of the underlying value in
+    calls to `repr()` and `str()`. If the value _is_ empty, it is displayed as `''`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        username: str
+        password: SecretStr
+
+    user = User(username='scolvin', password='password1')
+
+    print(user)
+    #> username='scolvin' password=SecretStr('**********')
+    print(user.password.get_secret_value())
+    #> password1
+    print((SecretStr('password'), SecretStr('')))
+    #> (SecretStr('**********'), SecretStr(''))
+    ```
+
+    As seen above, by default, [`SecretStr`][pydantic.types.SecretStr] (and [`SecretBytes`][pydantic.types.SecretBytes])
+    will be serialized as `**********` when serializing to json.
+
+    You can use the [`field_serializer`][pydantic.functional_serializers.field_serializer] to dump the
+    secret as plain-text when serializing to json.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretBytes, SecretStr, field_serializer
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        password: SecretStr
+        password_bytes: SecretBytes
+
+        @field_serializer('password', 'password_bytes', when_used='json')
+        def dump_secret(self, v):
+            return v.get_secret_value()
+
+    model = Model(password='IAmSensitive', password_bytes=b'IAmSensitiveBytes')
+    print(model)
+    #> password=SecretStr('**********') password_bytes=SecretBytes(b'**********')
+    print(model.password)
+    #> **********
+    print(model.model_dump())
+    '''
+    {
+        'password': SecretStr('**********'),
+        'password_bytes': SecretBytes(b'**********'),
+    }
+    '''
+    print(model.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"password":"IAmSensitive","password_bytes":"IAmSensitiveBytes"}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    _inner_schema: ClassVar[CoreSchema] = core_schema.str_schema()
+    _error_kind: ClassVar[str] = 'string_type'
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def _display(self) -> str:
+        return _secret_display(self._secret_value)
+
+
+class SecretBytes(_SecretField[bytes]):
+    """A bytes used for storing sensitive information that you do not want to be visible in logging or tracebacks.
+
+    It displays `b'**********'` instead of the string value on `repr()` and `str()` calls.
+    When the secret value is nonempty, it is displayed as `b'**********'` instead of the underlying value in
+    calls to `repr()` and `str()`. If the value _is_ empty, it is displayed as `b''`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretBytes
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        username: str
+        password: SecretBytes
+
+    user = User(username='scolvin', password=b'password1')
+    #> username='scolvin' password=SecretBytes(b'**********')
+    print(user.password.get_secret_value())
+    #> b'password1'
+    print((SecretBytes(b'password'), SecretBytes(b'')))
+    #> (SecretBytes(b'**********'), SecretBytes(b''))
+    ```
+    """
+
+    _inner_schema: ClassVar[CoreSchema] = core_schema.bytes_schema()
+    _error_kind: ClassVar[str] = 'bytes_type'
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def _display(self) -> bytes:
+        return _secret_display(self._secret_value).encode()
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PAYMENT CARD TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class PaymentCardBrand(str, Enum):
+    amex = 'American Express'
+    mastercard = 'Mastercard'
+    visa = 'Visa'
+    other = 'other'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'The `PaymentCardNumber` class is deprecated, use `pydantic_extra_types` instead. '
+    'See https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/pydantic_extra_types_payment/#pydantic_extra_types.payment.PaymentCardNumber.',
+    category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+)
+class PaymentCardNumber(str):
+    """Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number."""
+
+    strip_whitespace: ClassVar[bool] = True
+    min_length: ClassVar[int] = 12
+    max_length: ClassVar[int] = 19
+    bin: str
+    last4: str
+    brand: PaymentCardBrand
+
+    def __init__(self, card_number: str):
+        self.validate_digits(card_number)
+
+        card_number = self.validate_luhn_check_digit(card_number)
+
+        self.bin = card_number[:6]
+        self.last4 = card_number[-4:]
+        self.brand = self.validate_brand(card_number)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            cls.validate,
+            core_schema.str_schema(
+                min_length=cls.min_length, max_length=cls.max_length, strip_whitespace=cls.strip_whitespace
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, input_value: str, /, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> PaymentCardNumber:
+        """Validate the card number and return a `PaymentCardNumber` instance."""
+        return cls(input_value)
+
+    @property
+    def masked(self) -> str:
+        """Mask all but the last 4 digits of the card number.
+
+        Returns:
+            A masked card number string.
+        """
+        num_masked = len(self) - 10  # len(bin) + len(last4) == 10
+        return f'{self.bin}{"*" * num_masked}{self.last4}'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_digits(cls, card_number: str) -> None:
+        """Validate that the card number is all digits."""
+        if not card_number.isdigit():
+            raise PydanticCustomError('payment_card_number_digits', 'Card number is not all digits')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_luhn_check_digit(cls, card_number: str) -> str:
+        """Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm."""
+        sum_ = int(card_number[-1])
+        length = len(card_number)
+        parity = length % 2
+        for i in range(length - 1):
+            digit = int(card_number[i])
+            if i % 2 == parity:
+                digit *= 2
+            if digit > 9:
+                digit -= 9
+            sum_ += digit
+        valid = sum_ % 10 == 0
+        if not valid:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('payment_card_number_luhn', 'Card number is not luhn valid')
+        return card_number
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_brand(card_number: str) -> PaymentCardBrand:
+        """Validate length based on BIN for major brands:
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number#Issuer_identification_number_(IIN).
+        """
+        if card_number[0] == '4':
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.visa
+        elif 51 <= int(card_number[:2]) <= 55:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.mastercard
+        elif card_number[:2] in {'34', '37'}:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.amex
+        else:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.other
+
+        required_length: None | int | str = None
+        if brand in PaymentCardBrand.mastercard:
+            required_length = 16
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        elif brand == PaymentCardBrand.visa:
+            required_length = '13, 16 or 19'
+            valid = len(card_number) in {13, 16, 19}
+        elif brand == PaymentCardBrand.amex:
+            required_length = 15
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        else:
+            valid = True
+
+        if not valid:
+            raise PydanticCustomError(
+                'payment_card_number_brand',
+                'Length for a {brand} card must be {required_length}',
+                {'brand': brand, 'required_length': required_length},
+            )
+        return brand
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTE SIZE TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ByteSize(int):
+    """Converts a string representing a number of bytes with units (such as `'1KB'` or `'11.5MiB'`) into an integer.
+
+    You can use the `ByteSize` data type to (case-insensitively) convert a string representation of a number of bytes into
+    an integer, and also to print out human-readable strings representing a number of bytes.
+
+    In conformance with [IEC 80000-13 Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000) we interpret `'1KB'` to mean 1000 bytes,
+    and `'1KiB'` to mean 1024 bytes. In general, including a middle `'i'` will cause the unit to be interpreted as a power of 2,
+    rather than a power of 10 (so, for example, `'1 MB'` is treated as `1_000_000` bytes, whereas `'1 MiB'` is treated as `1_048_576` bytes).
+
+    !!! info
+        Note that `1b` will be parsed as "1 byte" and not "1 bit".
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ByteSize
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        size: ByteSize
+
+    print(MyModel(size=52000).size)
+    #> 52000
+    print(MyModel(size='3000 KiB').size)
+    #> 3072000
+
+    m = MyModel(size='50 PB')
+    print(m.size.human_readable())
+    #> 44.4PiB
+    print(m.size.human_readable(decimal=True))
+    #> 50.0PB
+    print(m.size.human_readable(separator=' '))
+    #> 44.4 PiB
+
+    print(m.size.to('TiB'))
+    #> 45474.73508864641
+    ```
+    """
+
+    byte_sizes = {
+        'b': 1,
+        'kb': 10**3,
+        'mb': 10**6,
+        'gb': 10**9,
+        'tb': 10**12,
+        'pb': 10**15,
+        'eb': 10**18,
+        'kib': 2**10,
+        'mib': 2**20,
+        'gib': 2**30,
+        'tib': 2**40,
+        'pib': 2**50,
+        'eib': 2**60,
+        'bit': 1 / 8,
+        'kbit': 10**3 / 8,
+        'mbit': 10**6 / 8,
+        'gbit': 10**9 / 8,
+        'tbit': 10**12 / 8,
+        'pbit': 10**15 / 8,
+        'ebit': 10**18 / 8,
+        'kibit': 2**10 / 8,
+        'mibit': 2**20 / 8,
+        'gibit': 2**30 / 8,
+        'tibit': 2**40 / 8,
+        'pibit': 2**50 / 8,
+        'eibit': 2**60 / 8,
+    }
+    byte_sizes.update({k.lower()[0]: v for k, v in byte_sizes.items() if 'i' not in k})
+
+    byte_string_pattern = r'^\s*(\d*\.?\d+)\s*(\w+)?'
+    byte_string_re = re.compile(byte_string_pattern, re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function=cls._validate,
+            schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                [
+                    core_schema.str_schema(pattern=cls.byte_string_pattern),
+                    core_schema.int_schema(ge=0),
+                ],
+                custom_error_type='byte_size',
+                custom_error_message='could not parse value and unit from byte string',
+            ),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                int, return_schema=core_schema.int_schema(ge=0)
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, input_value: Any, /, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> ByteSize:
+        try:
+            return cls(int(input_value))
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        str_match = cls.byte_string_re.match(str(input_value))
+        if str_match is None:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('byte_size', 'could not parse value and unit from byte string')
+
+        scalar, unit = str_match.groups()
+        if unit is None:
+            unit = 'b'
+
+        try:
+            unit_mult = cls.byte_sizes[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('byte_size_unit', 'could not interpret byte unit: {unit}', {'unit': unit})
+
+        return cls(int(float(scalar) * unit_mult))
+
+    def human_readable(self, decimal: bool = False, separator: str = '') -> str:
+        """Converts a byte size to a human readable string.
+
+        Args:
+            decimal: If True, use decimal units (e.g. 1000 bytes per KB). If False, use binary units
+                (e.g. 1024 bytes per KiB).
+            separator: A string used to split the value and unit. Defaults to an empty string ('').
+
+        Returns:
+            A human readable string representation of the byte size.
+        """
+        if decimal:
+            divisor = 1000
+            units = 'B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB'
+            final_unit = 'EB'
+        else:
+            divisor = 1024
+            units = 'B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB'
+            final_unit = 'EiB'
+
+        num = float(self)
+        for unit in units:
+            if abs(num) < divisor:
+                if unit == 'B':
+                    return f'{num:0.0f}{separator}{unit}'
+                else:
+                    return f'{num:0.1f}{separator}{unit}'
+            num /= divisor
+
+        return f'{num:0.1f}{separator}{final_unit}'
+
+    def to(self, unit: str) -> float:
+        """Converts a byte size to another unit, including both byte and bit units.
+
+        Args:
+            unit: The unit to convert to. Must be one of the following: B, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB,
+                KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB (byte units) and
+                bit, kbit, mbit, gbit, tbit, pbit, ebit,
+                kibit, mibit, gibit, tibit, pibit, eibit (bit units).
+
+        Returns:
+            The byte size in the new unit.
+        """
+        try:
+            unit_div = self.byte_sizes[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('byte_size_unit', 'Could not interpret byte unit: {unit}', {'unit': unit})
+
+        return self / unit_div
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DATE TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def _check_annotated_type(annotated_type: str, expected_type: str, annotation: str) -> None:
+    if annotated_type != expected_type:
+        raise PydanticUserError(f"'{annotation}' cannot annotate '{annotated_type}'.", code='invalid-annotated-type')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PastDate = Annotated[date, ...]
+    FutureDate = Annotated[date, ...]
+else:
+
+    class PastDate:
+        """A date in the past."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.date_schema(now_op='past')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'date', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'past'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'PastDate'
+
+    class FutureDate:
+        """A date in the future."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.date_schema(now_op='future')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'date', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'future'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'FutureDate'
+
+
+def condate(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: date | None = None,
+    ge: date | None = None,
+    lt: date | None = None,
+    le: date | None = None,
+) -> type[date]:
+    """A wrapper for date that adds constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the date value in strict mode. Defaults to `None`.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+        lt: The value must be less than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    Returns:
+        A date type with the specified constraints.
+    """
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        date,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+    ]
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DATETIME TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    AwareDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+    NaiveDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+    PastDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+    FutureDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+
+else:
+
+    class AwareDatetime:
+        """A datetime that requires timezone info."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(tz_constraint='aware')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['tz_constraint'] = 'aware'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'AwareDatetime'
+
+    class NaiveDatetime:
+        """A datetime that doesn't require timezone info."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(tz_constraint='naive')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['tz_constraint'] = 'naive'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'NaiveDatetime'
+
+    class PastDatetime:
+        """A datetime that must be in the past."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(now_op='past')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'past'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'PastDatetime'
+
+    class FutureDatetime:
+        """A datetime that must be in the future."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(now_op='future')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'future'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'FutureDatetime'
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Encoded TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class EncoderProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Protocol for encoding and decoding data to and from bytes."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data using the encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data using the encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> str:
+        """Get the JSON format for the encoded data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON format for the encoded data.
+        """
+        ...
+
+
+class Base64Encoder(EncoderProtocol):
+    """Standard (non-URL-safe) Base64 encoder."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data from base64 encoded bytes to original bytes data.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        try:
+            return base64.b64decode(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('base64_decode', "Base64 decoding error: '{error}'", {'error': str(e)})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data from bytes to a base64 encoded bytes.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return base64.b64encode(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> Literal['base64']:
+        """Get the JSON format for the encoded data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON format for the encoded data.
+        """
+        return 'base64'
+
+
+class Base64UrlEncoder(EncoderProtocol):
+    """URL-safe Base64 encoder."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data from base64 encoded bytes to original bytes data.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        try:
+            return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('base64_decode', "Base64 decoding error: '{error}'", {'error': str(e)})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data from bytes to a base64 encoded bytes.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> Literal['base64url']:
+        """Get the JSON format for the encoded data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON format for the encoded data.
+        """
+        return 'base64url'
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class EncodedBytes:
+    """A bytes type that is encoded and decoded using the specified encoder.
+
+    `EncodedBytes` needs an encoder that implements `EncoderProtocol` to operate.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, EncodedBytes, EncoderProtocol, ValidationError
+
+    class MyEncoder(EncoderProtocol):
+        @classmethod
+        def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            if data == b'**undecodable**':
+                raise ValueError('Cannot decode data')
+            return data[13:]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return b'**encoded**: ' + value
+
+        @classmethod
+        def get_json_format(cls) -> str:
+            return 'my-encoder'
+
+    MyEncodedBytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=MyEncoder)]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        my_encoded_bytes: MyEncodedBytes
+
+    # Initialize the model with encoded data
+    m = Model(my_encoded_bytes=b'**encoded**: some bytes')
+
+    # Access decoded value
+    print(m.my_encoded_bytes)
+    #> b'some bytes'
+
+    # Serialize into the encoded form
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'my_encoded_bytes': b'**encoded**: some bytes'}
+
+    # Validate encoded data
+    try:
+        Model(my_encoded_bytes=b'**undecodable**')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        my_encoded_bytes
+          Value error, Cannot decode data [type=value_error, input_value=b'**undecodable**', input_type=bytes]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    encoder: type[EncoderProtocol]
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format=self.encoder.get_json_format())
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+        _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'bytes', self.__class__.__name__)
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function=self.decode,
+            schema=schema,
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(function=self.encode),
+        )
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.decode(data)
+
+    def encode(self, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.encode(value)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.encoder)
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class EncodedStr:
+    """A str type that is encoded and decoded using the specified encoder.
+
+    `EncodedStr` needs an encoder that implements `EncoderProtocol` to operate.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, EncodedStr, EncoderProtocol, ValidationError
+
+    class MyEncoder(EncoderProtocol):
+        @classmethod
+        def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            if data == b'**undecodable**':
+                raise ValueError('Cannot decode data')
+            return data[13:]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return b'**encoded**: ' + value
+
+        @classmethod
+        def get_json_format(cls) -> str:
+            return 'my-encoder'
+
+    MyEncodedStr = Annotated[str, EncodedStr(encoder=MyEncoder)]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        my_encoded_str: MyEncodedStr
+
+    # Initialize the model with encoded data
+    m = Model(my_encoded_str='**encoded**: some str')
+
+    # Access decoded value
+    print(m.my_encoded_str)
+    #> some str
+
+    # Serialize into the encoded form
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'my_encoded_str': '**encoded**: some str'}
+
+    # Validate encoded data
+    try:
+        Model(my_encoded_str='**undecodable**')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        my_encoded_str
+          Value error, Cannot decode data [type=value_error, input_value='**undecodable**', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    encoder: type[EncoderProtocol]
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format=self.encoder.get_json_format())
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+        _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'str', self.__class__.__name__)
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function=self.decode_str,
+            schema=schema,
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(function=self.encode_str),
+        )
+
+    def decode_str(self, data: str, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        """Decode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.decode(data.encode()).decode()
+
+    def encode_str(self, value: str) -> str:
+        """Encode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.encode(value.encode()).decode()  # noqa: UP008
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.encoder)
+
+
+Base64Bytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=Base64Encoder)]
+"""A bytes type that is encoded and decoded using the standard (non-URL-safe) base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64Bytes` uses the standard library [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode] functions.
+
+    As a result, attempting to decode url-safe base64 data using the `Base64Bytes` type may fail or produce an incorrect
+    decoding.
+
+/// version-changed | v2.10
+`Base64Bytes` now uses [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode]
+instead of [`base64.encodebytes()`][base64.encodebytes] and [`base64.decodebytes()`][base64.decodebytes].
+
+These methods are considered legacy implementation. If you'd still like to use these legacy encoders/decoders,
+you can achieve this by creating a custom annotated type, like follows:
+```python
+import base64
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
+
+from pydantic import EncodedBytes, EncoderProtocol
+
+class LegacyBase64Encoder(EncoderProtocol):
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return base64.decodebytes(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError(
+                'base64_decode',
+                "Base64 decoding error: '{error}'",
+                {'error': str(e)},
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return base64.encodebytes(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> Literal['base64']:
+        return 'base64'
+
+LegacyBase64Bytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=LegacyBase64Encoder)]
+```
+///
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64Bytes, BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64_bytes: Base64Bytes
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64_bytes=b'VGhpcyBpcyB0aGUgd2F5')
+
+# Access decoded value
+print(m.base64_bytes)
+#> b'This is the way'
+
+# Serialize into the base64 form
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'base64_bytes': b'VGhpcyBpcyB0aGUgd2F5'}
+
+# Validate base64 data
+try:
+    print(Model(base64_bytes=b'undecodable').base64_bytes)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    base64_bytes
+      Base64 decoding error: 'Incorrect padding' [type=base64_decode, input_value=b'undecodable', input_type=bytes]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+Base64Str = Annotated[str, EncodedStr(encoder=Base64Encoder)]
+"""A string type that is encoded and decoded using the standard (non-URL-safe) base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64Str` uses the standard library [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode] functions.
+
+    As a result, attempting to decode url-safe base64 data using the `Base64Str` type may fail or produce an incorrect
+    decoding.
+
+/// version-changed | v2.10
+`Base64Str` now uses [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode]
+instead of [`base64.encodebytes()`][base64.encodebytes] and [`base64.decodebytes()`][base64.decodebytes].
+
+These methods are considered legacy implementation. See the documentation about the [`Base64Bytes`][pydantic.types.Base64Bytes] type
+for more information on how to replicate the old behavior with the legacy encoders/decoders.
+///
+
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64Str, BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64_str: Base64Str
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64_str='VGhlc2UgYXJlbid0IHRoZSBkcm9pZHMgeW91J3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9y')
+
+# Access decoded value
+print(m.base64_str)
+#> These aren't the droids you're looking for
+
+# Serialize into the base64 form
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'base64_str': 'VGhlc2UgYXJlbid0IHRoZSBkcm9pZHMgeW91J3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9y'}
+
+# Validate base64 data
+try:
+    print(Model(base64_str='undecodable').base64_str)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    base64_str
+      Base64 decoding error: 'Incorrect padding' [type=base64_decode, input_value='undecodable', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+Base64UrlBytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=Base64UrlEncoder)]
+"""A bytes type that is encoded and decoded using the URL-safe base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64UrlBytes` use standard library `base64.urlsafe_b64encode` and `base64.urlsafe_b64decode`
+    functions.
+
+    As a result, the `Base64UrlBytes` type can be used to faithfully decode "vanilla" base64 data
+    (using `'+'` and `'/'`).
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64UrlBytes, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64url_bytes: Base64UrlBytes
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64url_bytes=b'SHc_dHc-TXc==')
+print(m)
+#> base64url_bytes=b'Hw?tw>Mw'
+```
+"""
+Base64UrlStr = Annotated[str, EncodedStr(encoder=Base64UrlEncoder)]
+"""A str type that is encoded and decoded using the URL-safe base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64UrlStr` use standard library `base64.urlsafe_b64encode` and `base64.urlsafe_b64decode`
+    functions.
+
+    As a result, the `Base64UrlStr` type can be used to faithfully decode "vanilla" base64 data (using `'+'` and `'/'`).
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64UrlStr, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64url_str: Base64UrlStr
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64url_str='SHc_dHc-TXc==')
+print(m)
+#> base64url_str='Hw?tw>Mw'
+```
+"""
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class GetPydanticSchema:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Using `GetPydanticSchema` to Reduce Boilerplate](../concepts/types.md#using-getpydanticschema-to-reduce-boilerplate)
+
+    A convenience class for creating an annotation that provides pydantic custom type hooks.
+
+    This class is intended to eliminate the need to create a custom "marker" which defines the
+     `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` and `__get_pydantic_json_schema__` custom hook methods.
+
+    For example, to have a field treated by type checkers as `int`, but by pydantic as `Any`, you can do:
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, GetPydanticSchema
+
+    HandleAsAny = GetPydanticSchema(lambda _s, h: h(Any))
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        x: Annotated[int, HandleAsAny]  # pydantic sees `x: Any`
+
+    print(repr(Model(x='abc').x))
+    #> 'abc'
+    ```
+    """
+
+    get_pydantic_core_schema: Callable[[Any, GetCoreSchemaHandler], CoreSchema] | None = None
+    get_pydantic_json_schema: Callable[[Any, GetJsonSchemaHandler], JsonSchemaValue] | None = None
+
+    # Note: we may want to consider adding a convenience staticmethod `def for_type(type_: Any) -> GetPydanticSchema:`
+    #   which returns `GetPydanticSchema(lambda _s, h: h(type_))`
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            """Use this rather than defining `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` etc. to reduce the number of nested calls."""
+            if item == '__get_pydantic_core_schema__' and self.get_pydantic_core_schema:
+                return self.get_pydantic_core_schema
+            elif item == '__get_pydantic_json_schema__' and self.get_pydantic_json_schema:
+                return self.get_pydantic_json_schema
+            else:
+                return object.__getattribute__(self, item)
+
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class Tag:
+    """Provides a way to specify the expected tag to use for a case of a (callable) discriminated union.
+
+    Also provides a way to label a union case in error messages.
+
+    When using a callable `Discriminator`, attach a `Tag` to each case in the `Union` to specify the tag that
+    should be used to identify that case. For example, in the below example, the `Tag` is used to specify that
+    if `get_discriminator_value` returns `'apple'`, the input should be validated as an `ApplePie`, and if it
+    returns `'pumpkin'`, the input should be validated as a `PumpkinPie`.
+
+    The primary role of the `Tag` here is to map the return value from the callable `Discriminator` function to
+    the appropriate member of the `Union` in question.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Union
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Discriminator, Tag
+
+    class Pie(BaseModel):
+        time_to_cook: int
+        num_ingredients: int
+
+    class ApplePie(Pie):
+        fruit: Literal['apple'] = 'apple'
+
+    class PumpkinPie(Pie):
+        filling: Literal['pumpkin'] = 'pumpkin'
+
+    def get_discriminator_value(v: Any) -> str:
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            return v.get('fruit', v.get('filling'))
+        return getattr(v, 'fruit', getattr(v, 'filling', None))
+
+    class ThanksgivingDinner(BaseModel):
+        dessert: Annotated[
+            Union[
+                Annotated[ApplePie, Tag('apple')],
+                Annotated[PumpkinPie, Tag('pumpkin')],
+            ],
+            Discriminator(get_discriminator_value),
+        ]
+
+    apple_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {'dessert': {'fruit': 'apple', 'time_to_cook': 60, 'num_ingredients': 8}}
+    )
+    print(repr(apple_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=ApplePie(time_to_cook=60, num_ingredients=8, fruit='apple'))
+    '''
+
+    pumpkin_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {
+            'dessert': {
+                'filling': 'pumpkin',
+                'time_to_cook': 40,
+                'num_ingredients': 6,
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    print(repr(pumpkin_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=PumpkinPie(time_to_cook=40, num_ingredients=6, filling='pumpkin'))
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    !!! note
+        You must specify a `Tag` for every case in a `Tag` that is associated with a
+        callable `Discriminator`. Failing to do so will result in a `PydanticUserError` with code
+        [`callable-discriminator-no-tag`](../errors/usage_errors.md#callable-discriminator-no-tag).
+
+    See the [Discriminated Unions] concepts docs for more details on how to use `Tag`s.
+
+    [Discriminated Unions]: ../concepts/unions.md#discriminated-unions
+    """
+
+    tag: str
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        metadata = cast('CoreMetadata', schema.setdefault('metadata', {}))
+        metadata['pydantic_internal_union_tag_key'] = self.tag
+        return schema
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class Discriminator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Discriminated Unions with `Callable` `Discriminator`](../concepts/unions.md#discriminated-unions-with-callable-discriminator)
+
+    Provides a way to use a custom callable as the way to extract the value of a union discriminator.
+
+    This allows you to get validation behavior like you'd get from `Field(discriminator=<field_name>)`,
+    but without needing to have a single shared field across all the union choices. This also makes it
+    possible to handle unions of models and primitive types with discriminated-union-style validation errors.
+    Finally, this allows you to use a custom callable as the way to identify which member of a union a value
+    belongs to, while still seeing all the performance benefits of a discriminated union.
+
+    Consider this example, which is much more performant with the use of `Discriminator` and thus a `TaggedUnion`
+    than it would be as a normal `Union`.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Union
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Discriminator, Tag
+
+    class Pie(BaseModel):
+        time_to_cook: int
+        num_ingredients: int
+
+    class ApplePie(Pie):
+        fruit: Literal['apple'] = 'apple'
+
+    class PumpkinPie(Pie):
+        filling: Literal['pumpkin'] = 'pumpkin'
+
+    def get_discriminator_value(v: Any) -> str:
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            return v.get('fruit', v.get('filling'))
+        return getattr(v, 'fruit', getattr(v, 'filling', None))
+
+    class ThanksgivingDinner(BaseModel):
+        dessert: Annotated[
+            Union[
+                Annotated[ApplePie, Tag('apple')],
+                Annotated[PumpkinPie, Tag('pumpkin')],
+            ],
+            Discriminator(get_discriminator_value),
+        ]
+
+    apple_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {'dessert': {'fruit': 'apple', 'time_to_cook': 60, 'num_ingredients': 8}}
+    )
+    print(repr(apple_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=ApplePie(time_to_cook=60, num_ingredients=8, fruit='apple'))
+    '''
+
+    pumpkin_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {
+            'dessert': {
+                'filling': 'pumpkin',
+                'time_to_cook': 40,
+                'num_ingredients': 6,
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    print(repr(pumpkin_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=PumpkinPie(time_to_cook=40, num_ingredients=6, filling='pumpkin'))
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    See the [Discriminated Unions] concepts docs for more details on how to use `Discriminator`s.
+
+    [Discriminated Unions]: ../concepts/unions.md#discriminated-unions
+    """
+
+    discriminator: str | Callable[[Any], Hashable]
+    """The callable or field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+
+    A `Callable` discriminator must extract the value of the discriminator from the input.
+    A `str` discriminator must be the name of a field to discriminate against.
+    """
+    custom_error_type: str | None = None
+    """Type to use in [custom errors](../errors/errors.md) replacing the standard discriminated union
+    validation errors.
+    """
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None
+    """Message to use in custom errors."""
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, int | str | float] | None = None
+    """Context to use in custom errors."""
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        if isinstance(self.discriminator, str):
+            from pydantic import Field
+
+            return handler(Annotated[source_type, Field(discriminator=self.discriminator)])
+        else:
+            original_schema = handler(source_type)
+            return self._convert_schema(original_schema, handler)
+
+    def _convert_schema(
+        self, original_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler | None = None
+    ) -> core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema:
+        if handler is not None and original_schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            # Same logic as `_ApplyInferredDiscriminator._apply_to_root()`
+            try:
+                def_schema = handler.resolve_ref_schema(original_schema)
+            except LookupError:  # pragma: no cover
+                from pydantic._internal._discriminated_union import MissingDefinitionForUnionRef
+
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(original_schema['schema_ref'])
+
+            # If using a referenceable union as discriminated (e.g. `type Pet = Cat | Dog; field: Pet = Field(discriminator=...)`):
+            if def_schema['type'] == 'union':
+                original_schema = def_schema.copy()
+                original_schema.pop('ref')
+
+        if original_schema['type'] != 'union':
+            # This likely indicates that the schema was a single-item union that was simplified.
+            # In this case, we do the same thing we do in
+            # `pydantic._internal._discriminated_union._ApplyInferredDiscriminator._apply_to_root`, namely,
+            # package the generated schema back into a single-item union.
+            original_schema = core_schema.union_schema([original_schema])
+
+        tagged_union_choices = {}
+        for choice in original_schema['choices']:
+            tag = None
+            if isinstance(choice, tuple):
+                choice, tag = choice
+            metadata = cast('CoreMetadata | None', choice.get('metadata'))
+            if metadata is not None:
+                tag = metadata.get('pydantic_internal_union_tag_key') or tag
+            if tag is None:
+                # `handler` is None when this method is called from `apply_discriminator()` (deferred discriminators)
+                if handler is not None and choice['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+                    # If choice was built from a PEP 695 type alias, try to resolve the def:
+                    try:
+                        choice = handler.resolve_ref_schema(choice)
+                    except LookupError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        metadata = cast('CoreMetadata | None', choice.get('metadata'))
+                        if metadata is not None:
+                            tag = metadata.get('pydantic_internal_union_tag_key')
+
+                if tag is None:
+                    raise PydanticUserError(
+                        f'`Tag` not provided for choice {choice} used with `Discriminator`',
+                        code='callable-discriminator-no-tag',
+                    )
+            tagged_union_choices[tag] = choice
+
+        # Have to do these verbose checks to ensure falsy values ('' and {}) don't get ignored
+        custom_error_type = self.custom_error_type
+        if custom_error_type is None:
+            custom_error_type = original_schema.get('custom_error_type')
+
+        custom_error_message = self.custom_error_message
+        if custom_error_message is None:
+            custom_error_message = original_schema.get('custom_error_message')
+
+        custom_error_context = self.custom_error_context
+        if custom_error_context is None:
+            custom_error_context = original_schema.get('custom_error_context')
+
+        custom_error_type = original_schema.get('custom_error_type') if custom_error_type is None else custom_error_type
+        return core_schema.tagged_union_schema(
+            tagged_union_choices,
+            self.discriminator,
+            custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+            custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+            custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+            strict=original_schema.get('strict'),
+            ref=original_schema.get('ref'),
+            metadata=original_schema.get('metadata'),
+            serialization=original_schema.get('serialization'),
+        )
+
+
+_JSON_TYPES = {int, float, str, bool, list, dict, type(None)}
+
+
+def _get_type_name(x: Any) -> str:
+    type_ = type(x)
+    if type_ in _JSON_TYPES:
+        return type_.__name__
+
+    # Handle proper subclasses; note we don't need to handle None or bool here
+    if isinstance(x, int):
+        return 'int'
+    if isinstance(x, float):
+        return 'float'
+    if isinstance(x, str):
+        return 'str'
+    if isinstance(x, list):
+        return 'list'
+    if isinstance(x, dict):
+        return 'dict'
+
+    # Fail by returning the type's actual name
+    return getattr(type_, '__name__', '<no type name>')
+
+
+class _AllowAnyJson:
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        python_schema = handler(source_type)
+        return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(json_schema=core_schema.any_schema(), python_schema=python_schema)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # This seems to only be necessary for mypy
+    JsonValue: TypeAlias = Union[
+        list['JsonValue'],
+        dict[str, 'JsonValue'],
+        str,
+        bool,
+        int,
+        float,
+        None,
+    ]
+    """A `JsonValue` is used to represent a value that can be serialized to JSON.
+
+    It may be one of:
+
+    * `list['JsonValue']`
+    * `dict[str, 'JsonValue']`
+    * `str`
+    * `bool`
+    * `int`
+    * `float`
+    * `None`
+
+    The following example demonstrates how to use `JsonValue` to validate JSON data,
+    and what kind of errors to expect when input data is not json serializable.
+
+    ```python
+    import json
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, JsonValue, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        j: JsonValue
+
+    valid_json_data = {'j': {'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': [2, None]}}}}
+    invalid_json_data = {'j': {'a': {'b': ...}}}
+
+    print(repr(Model.model_validate(valid_json_data)))
+    #> Model(j={'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': [2, None]}}})
+    print(repr(Model.model_validate_json(json.dumps(valid_json_data))))
+    #> Model(j={'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': [2, None]}}})
+
+    try:
+        Model.model_validate(invalid_json_data)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        j.dict.a.dict.b
+          input was not a valid JSON value [type=invalid-json-value, input_value=Ellipsis, input_type=ellipsis]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+else:
+    JsonValue = TypeAliasType(
+        'JsonValue',
+        Annotated[
+            Union[
+                Annotated[list['JsonValue'], Tag('list')],
+                Annotated[dict[str, 'JsonValue'], Tag('dict')],
+                Annotated[str, Tag('str')],
+                Annotated[bool, Tag('bool')],
+                Annotated[int, Tag('int')],
+                Annotated[float, Tag('float')],
+                Annotated[None, Tag('NoneType')],
+            ],
+            Discriminator(
+                _get_type_name,
+                custom_error_type='invalid-json-value',
+                custom_error_message='input was not a valid JSON value',
+            ),
+            _AllowAnyJson,
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+class _OnErrorOmit:
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        # there is no actual default value here but we use with_default_schema since it already has the on_error
+        # behavior implemented and it would be no more efficient to implement it on every other validator
+        # or as a standalone validator
+        return core_schema.with_default_schema(schema=handler(source_type), on_error='omit')
+
+
+OnErrorOmit = Annotated[T, _OnErrorOmit]
+"""
+When used as an item in a list, the key type in a dict, optional values of a TypedDict, etc.
+this annotation omits the item from the iteration if there is any error validating it.
+That is, instead of a [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError] being propagated up and the entire iterable being discarded
+any invalid items are discarded and the valid ones are returned.
+"""
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class FailFast(_fields.PydanticMetadata, BaseMetadata):
+    """A `FailFast` annotation can be used to specify that validation should stop at the first error.
+
+    This can be useful when you want to validate a large amount of data and you only need to know if it's valid or not.
+
+    You might want to enable this setting if you want to validate your data faster (basically, if you use this,
+    validation will be more performant with the caveat that you get less information).
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, FailFast, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        x: Annotated[list[int], FailFast()]
+
+    # This will raise a single error for the first invalid value and stop validation
+    try:
+        obj = Model(x=[1, 2, 'a', 4, 5, 'b', 7, 8, 9, 'c'])
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        x.2
+          Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    fail_fast: bool = True
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/typing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bda22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""`typing` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d1e2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `utils` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ad3f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+from pydantic.v1 import dataclasses
+from pydantic.v1.annotated_types import create_model_from_namedtuple, create_model_from_typeddict
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import root_validator, validator
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, ConfigDict, Extra
+from pydantic.v1.decorator import validate_arguments
+from pydantic.v1.env_settings import BaseSettings
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ValidationError
+from pydantic.v1.errors import *
+from pydantic.v1.fields import Field, PrivateAttr, Required
+from pydantic.v1.main import *
+from pydantic.v1.networks import *
+from pydantic.v1.parse import Protocol
+from pydantic.v1.tools import *
+from pydantic.v1.types import *
+from pydantic.v1.version import VERSION, compiled
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+
+# WARNING __all__ from pydantic.errors is not included here, it will be removed as an export here in v2
+# please use "from pydantic.v1.errors import ..." instead
+__all__ = [
+    # annotated types utils
+    'create_model_from_namedtuple',
+    'create_model_from_typeddict',
+    # dataclasses
+    'dataclasses',
+    # class_validators
+    'root_validator',
+    'validator',
+    # config
+    'BaseConfig',
+    'ConfigDict',
+    'Extra',
+    # decorator
+    'validate_arguments',
+    # env_settings
+    'BaseSettings',
+    # error_wrappers
+    'ValidationError',
+    # fields
+    'Field',
+    'Required',
+    # main
+    'BaseModel',
+    'create_model',
+    'validate_model',
+    # network
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'stricturl',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+    # parse
+    'Protocol',
+    # tools
+    'parse_file_as',
+    'parse_obj_as',
+    'parse_raw_as',
+    'schema_of',
+    'schema_json_of',
+    # types
+    'NoneStr',
+    'NoneBytes',
+    'StrBytes',
+    'NoneStrBytes',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'ConstrainedBytes',
+    'conbytes',
+    'ConstrainedList',
+    'conlist',
+    'ConstrainedSet',
+    'conset',
+    'ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'ConstrainedStr',
+    'constr',
+    'PyObject',
+    'ConstrainedInt',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'ConstrainedFloat',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'condecimal',
+    'ConstrainedDate',
+    'condate',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'Json',
+    'JsonWrapper',
+    'SecretField',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'PrivateAttr',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    # version
+    'compiled',
+    'VERSION',
+]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/_hypothesis_plugin.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/_hypothesis_plugin.py
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+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/_hypothesis_plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+"""
+Register Hypothesis strategies for Pydantic custom types.
+
+This enables fully-automatic generation of test data for most Pydantic classes.
+
+Note that this module has *no* runtime impact on Pydantic itself; instead it
+is registered as a setuptools entry point and Hypothesis will import it if
+Pydantic is installed.  See also:
+
+https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/strategies.html#registering-strategies-via-setuptools-entry-points
+https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/data.html#hypothesis.strategies.register_type_strategy
+https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/strategies.html#interaction-with-pytest-cov
+https://docs.pydantic.dev/usage/types/#pydantic-types
+
+Note that because our motivation is to *improve user experience*, the strategies
+are always sound (never generate invalid data) but sacrifice completeness for
+maintainability (ie may be unable to generate some tricky but valid data).
+
+Finally, this module makes liberal use of `# type: ignore[<code>]` pragmas.
+This is because Hypothesis annotates `register_type_strategy()` with
+`(T, SearchStrategy[T])`, but in most cases we register e.g. `ConstrainedInt`
+to generate instances of the builtin `int` type which match the constraints.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import datetime
+import ipaddress
+import json
+import math
+from fractions import Fraction
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Type, Union, cast, overload
+
+import hypothesis.strategies as st
+
+import pydantic
+import pydantic.color
+import pydantic.types
+from pydantic.v1.utils import lenient_issubclass
+
+# FilePath and DirectoryPath are explicitly unsupported, as we'd have to create
+# them on-disk, and that's unsafe in general without being told *where* to do so.
+#
+# URLs are unsupported because it's easy for users to define their own strategy for
+# "normal" URLs, and hard for us to define a general strategy which includes "weird"
+# URLs but doesn't also have unpredictable performance problems.
+#
+# conlist() and conset() are unsupported for now, because the workarounds for
+# Cython and Hypothesis to handle parametrized generic types are incompatible.
+# We are rethinking Hypothesis compatibility in Pydantic v2.
+
+# Emails
+try:
+    import email_validator
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+
+    def is_valid_email(s: str) -> bool:
+        # Hypothesis' st.emails() occasionally generates emails like 0@A0--0.ac
+        # that are invalid according to email-validator, so we filter those out.
+        try:
+            email_validator.validate_email(s, check_deliverability=False)
+            return True
+        except email_validator.EmailNotValidError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return False
+
+    # Note that these strategies deliberately stay away from any tricky Unicode
+    # or other encoding issues; we're just trying to generate *something* valid.
+    st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.EmailStr, st.emails().filter(is_valid_email))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    st.register_type_strategy(
+        pydantic.NameEmail,
+        st.builds(
+            '{} <{}>'.format,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            st.from_regex('[A-Za-z0-9_]+( [A-Za-z0-9_]+){0,5}', fullmatch=True),
+            st.emails().filter(is_valid_email),
+        ),
+    )
+
+# PyObject - dotted names, in this case taken from the math module.
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.PyObject,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    st.sampled_from(
+        [cast(pydantic.PyObject, f'math.{name}') for name in sorted(vars(math)) if not name.startswith('_')]
+    ),
+)
+
+# CSS3 Colors; as name, hex, rgb(a) tuples or strings, or hsl strings
+_color_regexes = (
+    '|'.join(
+        (
+            pydantic.color.r_hex_short,
+            pydantic.color.r_hex_long,
+            pydantic.color.r_rgb,
+            pydantic.color.r_rgba,
+            pydantic.color.r_hsl,
+            pydantic.color.r_hsla,
+        )
+    )
+    # Use more precise regex patterns to avoid value-out-of-range errors
+    .replace(pydantic.color._r_sl, r'(?:(\d\d?(?:\.\d+)?|100(?:\.0+)?)%)')
+    .replace(pydantic.color._r_alpha, r'(?:(0(?:\.\d+)?|1(?:\.0+)?|\.\d+|\d{1,2}%))')
+    .replace(pydantic.color._r_255, r'(?:((?:\d|\d\d|[01]\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4])(?:\.\d+)?|255(?:\.0+)?))')
+)
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.color.Color,
+    st.one_of(
+        st.sampled_from(sorted(pydantic.color.COLORS_BY_NAME)),
+        st.tuples(
+            st.integers(0, 255),
+            st.integers(0, 255),
+            st.integers(0, 255),
+            st.none() | st.floats(0, 1) | st.floats(0, 100).map('{}%'.format),
+        ),
+        st.from_regex(_color_regexes, fullmatch=True),
+    ),
+)
+
+
+# Card numbers, valid according to the Luhn algorithm
+
+
+def add_luhn_digit(card_number: str) -> str:
+    # See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm
+    for digit in '0123456789':
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            pydantic.PaymentCardNumber.validate_luhn_check_digit(card_number + digit)
+            return card_number + digit
+    raise AssertionError('Unreachable')  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+card_patterns = (
+    # Note that these patterns omit the Luhn check digit; that's added by the function above
+    '4[0-9]{14}',  # Visa
+    '5[12345][0-9]{13}',  # Mastercard
+    '3[47][0-9]{12}',  # American Express
+    '[0-26-9][0-9]{10,17}',  # other (incomplete to avoid overlap)
+)
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.PaymentCardNumber,
+    st.from_regex('|'.join(card_patterns), fullmatch=True).map(add_luhn_digit),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+)
+
+# UUIDs
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID1, st.uuids(version=1))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID3, st.uuids(version=3))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID4, st.uuids(version=4))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID5, st.uuids(version=5))
+
+# Secrets
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.SecretBytes, st.binary().map(pydantic.SecretBytes))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.SecretStr, st.text().map(pydantic.SecretStr))
+
+# IP addresses, networks, and interfaces
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.IPvAnyAddress, st.ip_addresses())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.IPvAnyInterface,
+    st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv4Interface) | st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv6Interface),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+)
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.IPvAnyNetwork,
+    st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv4Network) | st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv6Network),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+)
+
+# We hook into the con***() functions and the ConstrainedNumberMeta metaclass,
+# so here we only have to register subclasses for other constrained types which
+# don't go via those mechanisms.  Then there are the registration hooks below.
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.StrictBool, st.booleans())
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.StrictStr, st.text())
+
+
+# FutureDate, PastDate
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.FutureDate, st.dates(min_value=datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.PastDate, st.dates(max_value=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)))
+
+
+# Constrained-type resolver functions
+#
+# For these ones, we actually want to inspect the type in order to work out a
+# satisfying strategy.  First up, the machinery for tracking resolver functions:
+
+RESOLVERS: Dict[type, Callable[[type], st.SearchStrategy]] = {}  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: Type[pydantic.types.T]) -> Type[pydantic.types.T]:
+    pass
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta) -> pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta:
+    pass
+
+
+def _registered(
+    typ: Union[Type[pydantic.types.T], pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta]
+) -> Union[Type[pydantic.types.T], pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta]:
+    # This function replaces the version in `pydantic.types`, in order to
+    # effect the registration of new constrained types so that Hypothesis
+    # can generate valid examples.
+    pydantic.types._DEFINED_TYPES.add(typ)
+    for supertype, resolver in RESOLVERS.items():
+        if issubclass(typ, supertype):
+            st.register_type_strategy(typ, resolver(typ))  # type: ignore
+            return typ
+    raise NotImplementedError(f'Unknown type {typ!r} has no resolver to register')  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def resolves(
+    typ: Union[type, pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta]
+) -> Callable[[Callable[..., st.SearchStrategy]], Callable[..., st.SearchStrategy]]:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    def inner(f):  # type: ignore
+        assert f not in RESOLVERS
+        RESOLVERS[typ] = f
+        return f
+
+    return inner
+
+
+# Type-to-strategy resolver functions
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.JsonWrapper)
+def resolve_json(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    try:
+        inner = st.none() if cls.inner_type is None else st.from_type(cls.inner_type)
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+        finite = st.floats(allow_infinity=False, allow_nan=False)
+        inner = st.recursive(
+            base=st.one_of(st.none(), st.booleans(), st.integers(), finite, st.text()),
+            extend=lambda x: st.lists(x) | st.dictionaries(st.text(), x),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    inner_type = getattr(cls, 'inner_type', None)
+    return st.builds(
+        cls.inner_type.json if lenient_issubclass(inner_type, pydantic.BaseModel) else json.dumps,
+        inner,
+        ensure_ascii=st.booleans(),
+        indent=st.none() | st.integers(0, 16),
+        sort_keys=st.booleans(),
+    )
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedBytes)
+def resolve_conbytes(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]  # pragma: no cover
+    min_size = cls.min_length or 0
+    max_size = cls.max_length
+    if not cls.strip_whitespace:
+        return st.binary(min_size=min_size, max_size=max_size)
+    # Fun with regex to ensure we neither start nor end with whitespace
+    repeats = '{{{},{}}}'.format(
+        min_size - 2 if min_size > 2 else 0,
+        max_size - 2 if (max_size or 0) > 2 else '',
+    )
+    if min_size >= 2:
+        pattern = rf'\W.{repeats}\W'
+    elif min_size == 1:
+        pattern = rf'\W(.{repeats}\W)?'
+    else:
+        assert min_size == 0
+        pattern = rf'(\W(.{repeats}\W)?)?'
+    return st.from_regex(pattern.encode(), fullmatch=True)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedDecimal)
+def resolve_condecimal(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    min_value = cls.ge
+    max_value = cls.le
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        assert min_value is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.gt
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        assert max_value is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.lt
+    s = st.decimals(min_value, max_value, allow_nan=False, places=cls.decimal_places)
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        s = s.filter(lambda d: d < cls.lt)
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        s = s.filter(lambda d: cls.gt < d)
+    return s
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedFloat)
+def resolve_confloat(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    min_value = cls.ge
+    max_value = cls.le
+    exclude_min = False
+    exclude_max = False
+
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        assert min_value is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.gt
+        exclude_min = True
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        assert max_value is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.lt
+        exclude_max = True
+
+    if cls.multiple_of is None:
+        return st.floats(min_value, max_value, exclude_min=exclude_min, exclude_max=exclude_max, allow_nan=False)
+
+    if min_value is not None:
+        min_value = math.ceil(min_value / cls.multiple_of)
+        if exclude_min:
+            min_value = min_value + 1
+    if max_value is not None:
+        assert max_value >= cls.multiple_of, 'Cannot build model with max value smaller than multiple of'
+        max_value = math.floor(max_value / cls.multiple_of)
+        if exclude_max:
+            max_value = max_value - 1
+
+    return st.integers(min_value, max_value).map(lambda x: x * cls.multiple_of)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedInt)
+def resolve_conint(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    min_value = cls.ge
+    max_value = cls.le
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        assert min_value is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.gt + 1
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        assert max_value is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.lt - 1
+
+    if cls.multiple_of is None or cls.multiple_of == 1:
+        return st.integers(min_value, max_value)
+
+    # These adjustments and the .map handle integer-valued multiples, while the
+    # .filter handles trickier cases as for confloat.
+    if min_value is not None:
+        min_value = math.ceil(Fraction(min_value) / Fraction(cls.multiple_of))
+    if max_value is not None:
+        max_value = math.floor(Fraction(max_value) / Fraction(cls.multiple_of))
+    return st.integers(min_value, max_value).map(lambda x: x * cls.multiple_of)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedDate)
+def resolve_condate(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    if cls.ge is not None:
+        assert cls.gt is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.ge
+    elif cls.gt is not None:
+        min_value = cls.gt + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    else:
+        min_value = datetime.date.min
+    if cls.le is not None:
+        assert cls.lt is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.le
+    elif cls.lt is not None:
+        max_value = cls.lt - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    else:
+        max_value = datetime.date.max
+    return st.dates(min_value, max_value)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedStr)
+def resolve_constr(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]  # pragma: no cover
+    min_size = cls.min_length or 0
+    max_size = cls.max_length
+
+    if cls.regex is None and not cls.strip_whitespace:
+        return st.text(min_size=min_size, max_size=max_size)
+
+    if cls.regex is not None:
+        strategy = st.from_regex(cls.regex)
+        if cls.strip_whitespace:
+            strategy = strategy.filter(lambda s: s == s.strip())
+    elif cls.strip_whitespace:
+        repeats = '{{{},{}}}'.format(
+            min_size - 2 if min_size > 2 else 0,
+            max_size - 2 if (max_size or 0) > 2 else '',
+        )
+        if min_size >= 2:
+            strategy = st.from_regex(rf'\W.{repeats}\W')
+        elif min_size == 1:
+            strategy = st.from_regex(rf'\W(.{repeats}\W)?')
+        else:
+            assert min_size == 0
+            strategy = st.from_regex(rf'(\W(.{repeats}\W)?)?')
+
+    if min_size == 0 and max_size is None:
+        return strategy
+    elif max_size is None:
+        return strategy.filter(lambda s: min_size <= len(s))
+    return strategy.filter(lambda s: min_size <= len(s) <= max_size)
+
+
+# Finally, register all previously-defined types, and patch in our new function
+for typ in list(pydantic.types._DEFINED_TYPES):
+    _registered(typ)
+pydantic.types._registered = _registered
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.Json, resolve_json)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/annotated_types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/annotated_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9eaaaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/annotated_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, FrozenSet, NamedTuple, Type
+
+from pydantic.v1.fields import Required
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel, create_model
+from pydantic.v1.typing import is_typeddict, is_typeddict_special
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+
+    def is_legacy_typeddict(typeddict_cls: Type['TypedDict']) -> bool:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        return is_typeddict(typeddict_cls) and type(typeddict_cls).__module__ == 'typing'
+
+else:
+
+    def is_legacy_typeddict(_: Any) -> Any:
+        return False
+
+
+def create_model_from_typeddict(
+    # Mypy bug: `Type[TypedDict]` is resolved as `Any` https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/11030
+    typeddict_cls: Type['TypedDict'],  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    """
+    Create a `BaseModel` based on the fields of a `TypedDict`.
+    Since `typing.TypedDict` in Python 3.8 does not store runtime information about optional keys,
+    we raise an error if this happens (see https://bugs.python.org/issue38834).
+    """
+    field_definitions: Dict[str, Any]
+
+    # Best case scenario: with python 3.9+ or when `TypedDict` is imported from `typing_extensions`
+    if not hasattr(typeddict_cls, '__required_keys__'):
+        raise TypeError(
+            'You should use `typing_extensions.TypedDict` instead of `typing.TypedDict` with Python < 3.9.2. '
+            'Without it, there is no way to differentiate required and optional fields when subclassed.'
+        )
+
+    if is_legacy_typeddict(typeddict_cls) and any(
+        is_typeddict_special(t) for t in typeddict_cls.__annotations__.values()
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(
+            'You should use `typing_extensions.TypedDict` instead of `typing.TypedDict` with Python < 3.11. '
+            'Without it, there is no way to reflect Required/NotRequired keys.'
+        )
+
+    required_keys: FrozenSet[str] = typeddict_cls.__required_keys__  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    field_definitions = {
+        field_name: (field_type, Required if field_name in required_keys else None)
+        for field_name, field_type in typeddict_cls.__annotations__.items()
+    }
+
+    return create_model(typeddict_cls.__name__, **kwargs, **field_definitions)
+
+
+def create_model_from_namedtuple(namedtuple_cls: Type['NamedTuple'], **kwargs: Any) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    """
+    Create a `BaseModel` based on the fields of a named tuple.
+    A named tuple can be created with `typing.NamedTuple` and declared annotations
+    but also with `collections.namedtuple`, in this case we consider all fields
+    to have type `Any`.
+    """
+    # With python 3.10+, `__annotations__` always exists but can be empty hence the `getattr... or...` logic
+    namedtuple_annotations: Dict[str, Type[Any]] = getattr(namedtuple_cls, '__annotations__', None) or {
+        k: Any for k in namedtuple_cls._fields
+    }
+    field_definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        field_name: (field_type, Required) for field_name, field_type in namedtuple_annotations.items()
+    }
+    return create_model(namedtuple_cls.__name__, **kwargs, **field_definitions)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/class_validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/class_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f68fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/class_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+import warnings
+from collections import ChainMap
+from functools import partial, partialmethod, wraps
+from itertools import chain
+from types import FunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union, overload
+
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError
+from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyCallable
+from pydantic.v1.utils import ROOT_KEY, in_ipython
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyClassMethod
+
+
+class Validator:
+    __slots__ = 'func', 'pre', 'each_item', 'always', 'check_fields', 'skip_on_failure'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: AnyCallable,
+        pre: bool = False,
+        each_item: bool = False,
+        always: bool = False,
+        check_fields: bool = False,
+        skip_on_failure: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.func = func
+        self.pre = pre
+        self.each_item = each_item
+        self.always = always
+        self.check_fields = check_fields
+        self.skip_on_failure = skip_on_failure
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+
+    ValidatorCallable = Callable[[Optional[ModelOrDc], Any, Dict[str, Any], ModelField, Type[BaseConfig]], Any]
+    ValidatorsList = List[ValidatorCallable]
+    ValidatorListDict = Dict[str, List[Validator]]
+
+_FUNCS: Set[str] = set()
+VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY = '__validator_config__'
+ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY = '__root_validator_config__'
+
+
+def validator(
+    *fields: str,
+    pre: bool = False,
+    each_item: bool = False,
+    always: bool = False,
+    check_fields: bool = True,
+    whole: Optional[bool] = None,
+    allow_reuse: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[AnyCallable], 'AnyClassMethod']:
+    """
+    Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields
+    :param fields: which field(s) the method should be called on
+    :param pre: whether or not this validator should be called before the standard validators (else after)
+    :param each_item: for complex objects (sets, lists etc.) whether to validate individual elements rather than the
+      whole object
+    :param always: whether this method and other validators should be called even if the value is missing
+    :param check_fields: whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model
+    :param allow_reuse: whether to track and raise an error if another validator refers to the decorated function
+    """
+    if not fields:
+        raise ConfigError('validator with no fields specified')
+    elif isinstance(fields[0], FunctionType):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            "validators should be used with fields and keyword arguments, not bare. "  # noqa: Q000
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name>', ...)`"
+        )
+    elif not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            "validator fields should be passed as separate string args. "  # noqa: Q000
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...)`"
+        )
+
+    if whole is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The "whole" keyword argument is deprecated, use "each_item" (inverse meaning, default False) instead',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        assert each_item is False, '"each_item" and "whole" conflict, remove "whole"'
+        each_item = not whole
+
+    def dec(f: AnyCallable) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+        f_cls = _prepare_validator(f, allow_reuse)
+        setattr(
+            f_cls,
+            VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY,
+            (
+                fields,
+                Validator(func=f_cls.__func__, pre=pre, each_item=each_item, always=always, check_fields=check_fields),
+            ),
+        )
+        return f_cls
+
+    return dec
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(_func: AnyCallable) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *, pre: bool = False, allow_reuse: bool = False, skip_on_failure: bool = False
+) -> Callable[[AnyCallable], 'AnyClassMethod']:
+    ...
+
+
+def root_validator(
+    _func: Optional[AnyCallable] = None, *, pre: bool = False, allow_reuse: bool = False, skip_on_failure: bool = False
+) -> Union['AnyClassMethod', Callable[[AnyCallable], 'AnyClassMethod']]:
+    """
+    Decorate methods on a model indicating that they should be used to validate (and perhaps modify) data either
+    before or after standard model parsing/validation is performed.
+    """
+    if _func:
+        f_cls = _prepare_validator(_func, allow_reuse)
+        setattr(
+            f_cls, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, Validator(func=f_cls.__func__, pre=pre, skip_on_failure=skip_on_failure)
+        )
+        return f_cls
+
+    def dec(f: AnyCallable) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+        f_cls = _prepare_validator(f, allow_reuse)
+        setattr(
+            f_cls, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, Validator(func=f_cls.__func__, pre=pre, skip_on_failure=skip_on_failure)
+        )
+        return f_cls
+
+    return dec
+
+
+def _prepare_validator(function: AnyCallable, allow_reuse: bool) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+    """
+    Avoid validators with duplicated names since without this, validators can be overwritten silently
+    which generally isn't the intended behaviour, don't run in ipython (see #312) or if allow_reuse is False.
+    """
+    f_cls = function if isinstance(function, classmethod) else classmethod(function)
+    if not in_ipython() and not allow_reuse:
+        ref = (
+            getattr(f_cls.__func__, '__module__', '<No __module__>')
+            + '.'
+            + getattr(f_cls.__func__, '__qualname__', f'<No __qualname__: id:{id(f_cls.__func__)}>')
+        )
+        if ref in _FUNCS:
+            raise ConfigError(f'duplicate validator function "{ref}"; if this is intended, set `allow_reuse=True`')
+        _FUNCS.add(ref)
+    return f_cls
+
+
+class ValidatorGroup:
+    def __init__(self, validators: 'ValidatorListDict') -> None:
+        self.validators = validators
+        self.used_validators = {'*'}
+
+    def get_validators(self, name: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Validator]]:
+        self.used_validators.add(name)
+        validators = self.validators.get(name, [])
+        if name != ROOT_KEY:
+            validators += self.validators.get('*', [])
+        if validators:
+            return {getattr(v.func, '__name__', f'<No __name__: id:{id(v.func)}>'): v for v in validators}
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def check_for_unused(self) -> None:
+        unused_validators = set(
+            chain.from_iterable(
+                (
+                    getattr(v.func, '__name__', f'<No __name__: id:{id(v.func)}>')
+                    for v in self.validators[f]
+                    if v.check_fields
+                )
+                for f in (self.validators.keys() - self.used_validators)
+            )
+        )
+        if unused_validators:
+            fn = ', '.join(unused_validators)
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f"Validators defined with incorrect fields: {fn} "  # noqa: Q000
+                f"(use check_fields=False if you're inheriting from the model and intended this)"
+            )
+
+
+def extract_validators(namespace: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, List[Validator]]:
+    validators: Dict[str, List[Validator]] = {}
+    for var_name, value in namespace.items():
+        validator_config = getattr(value, VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, None)
+        if validator_config:
+            fields, v = validator_config
+            for field in fields:
+                if field in validators:
+                    validators[field].append(v)
+                else:
+                    validators[field] = [v]
+    return validators
+
+
+def extract_root_validators(namespace: Dict[str, Any]) -> Tuple[List[AnyCallable], List[Tuple[bool, AnyCallable]]]:
+    from inspect import signature
+
+    pre_validators: List[AnyCallable] = []
+    post_validators: List[Tuple[bool, AnyCallable]] = []
+    for name, value in namespace.items():
+        validator_config: Optional[Validator] = getattr(value, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, None)
+        if validator_config:
+            sig = signature(validator_config.func)
+            args = list(sig.parameters.keys())
+            if args[0] == 'self':
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    f'Invalid signature for root validator {name}: {sig}, "self" not permitted as first argument, '
+                    f'should be: (cls, values).'
+                )
+            if len(args) != 2:
+                raise ConfigError(f'Invalid signature for root validator {name}: {sig}, should be: (cls, values).')
+            # check function signature
+            if validator_config.pre:
+                pre_validators.append(validator_config.func)
+            else:
+                post_validators.append((validator_config.skip_on_failure, validator_config.func))
+    return pre_validators, post_validators
+
+
+def inherit_validators(base_validators: 'ValidatorListDict', validators: 'ValidatorListDict') -> 'ValidatorListDict':
+    for field, field_validators in base_validators.items():
+        if field not in validators:
+            validators[field] = []
+        validators[field] += field_validators
+    return validators
+
+
+def make_generic_validator(validator: AnyCallable) -> 'ValidatorCallable':
+    """
+    Make a generic function which calls a validator with the right arguments.
+
+    Unfortunately other approaches (eg. return a partial of a function that builds the arguments) is slow,
+    hence this laborious way of doing things.
+
+    It's done like this so validators don't all need **kwargs in their signature, eg. any combination of
+    the arguments "values", "fields" and/or "config" are permitted.
+    """
+    from inspect import signature
+
+    if not isinstance(validator, (partial, partialmethod)):
+        # This should be the default case, so overhead is reduced
+        sig = signature(validator)
+        args = list(sig.parameters.keys())
+    else:
+        # Fix the generated argument lists of partial methods
+        sig = signature(validator.func)
+        args = [
+            k
+            for k in signature(validator.func).parameters.keys()
+            if k not in validator.args | validator.keywords.keys()
+        ]
+
+    first_arg = args.pop(0)
+    if first_arg == 'self':
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Invalid signature for validator {validator}: {sig}, "self" not permitted as first argument, '
+            f'should be: (cls, value, values, config, field), "values", "config" and "field" are all optional.'
+        )
+    elif first_arg == 'cls':
+        # assume the second argument is value
+        return wraps(validator)(_generic_validator_cls(validator, sig, set(args[1:])))
+    else:
+        # assume the first argument was value which has already been removed
+        return wraps(validator)(_generic_validator_basic(validator, sig, set(args)))
+
+
+def prep_validators(v_funcs: Iterable[AnyCallable]) -> 'ValidatorsList':
+    return [make_generic_validator(f) for f in v_funcs if f]
+
+
+all_kwargs = {'values', 'field', 'config'}
+
+
+def _generic_validator_cls(validator: AnyCallable, sig: 'Signature', args: Set[str]) -> 'ValidatorCallable':
+    # assume the first argument is value
+    has_kwargs = False
+    if 'kwargs' in args:
+        has_kwargs = True
+        args -= {'kwargs'}
+
+    if not args.issubset(all_kwargs):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Invalid signature for validator {validator}: {sig}, should be: '
+            f'(cls, value, values, config, field), "values", "config" and "field" are all optional.'
+        )
+
+    if has_kwargs:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+    elif args == set():
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v)
+    elif args == {'values'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values)
+    elif args == {'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, field=field)
+    elif args == {'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, config=config)
+    elif args == {'values', 'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, field=field)
+    elif args == {'values', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, config=config)
+    elif args == {'field', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, field=field, config=config)
+    else:
+        # args == {'values', 'field', 'config'}
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+
+
+def _generic_validator_basic(validator: AnyCallable, sig: 'Signature', args: Set[str]) -> 'ValidatorCallable':
+    has_kwargs = False
+    if 'kwargs' in args:
+        has_kwargs = True
+        args -= {'kwargs'}
+
+    if not args.issubset(all_kwargs):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Invalid signature for validator {validator}: {sig}, should be: '
+            f'(value, values, config, field), "values", "config" and "field" are all optional.'
+        )
+
+    if has_kwargs:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+    elif args == set():
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v)
+    elif args == {'values'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values)
+    elif args == {'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, field=field)
+    elif args == {'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, config=config)
+    elif args == {'values', 'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, field=field)
+    elif args == {'values', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, config=config)
+    elif args == {'field', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, field=field, config=config)
+    else:
+        # args == {'values', 'field', 'config'}
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+
+
+def gather_all_validators(type_: 'ModelOrDc') -> Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod']:
+    all_attributes = ChainMap(*[cls.__dict__ for cls in type_.__mro__])  # type: ignore[arg-type,var-annotated]
+    return {
+        k: v
+        for k, v in all_attributes.items()
+        if hasattr(v, VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY) or hasattr(v, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY)
+    }
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/color.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0bbf78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+"""
+Color definitions are  used as per CSS3 specification:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color
+
+A few colors have multiple names referring to the sames colors, eg. `grey` and `gray` or `aqua` and `cyan`.
+
+In these cases the LAST color when sorted alphabetically takes preferences,
+eg. Color((0, 255, 255)).as_named() == 'cyan' because "cyan" comes after "aqua".
+"""
+import math
+import re
+from colorsys import hls_to_rgb, rgb_to_hls
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ColorError
+from pydantic.v1.utils import Representation, almost_equal_floats
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import CallableGenerator, ReprArgs
+
+ColorTuple = Union[Tuple[int, int, int], Tuple[int, int, int, float]]
+ColorType = Union[ColorTuple, str]
+HslColorTuple = Union[Tuple[float, float, float], Tuple[float, float, float, float]]
+
+
+class RGBA:
+    """
+    Internal use only as a representation of a color.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = 'r', 'g', 'b', 'alpha', '_tuple'
+
+    def __init__(self, r: float, g: float, b: float, alpha: Optional[float]):
+        self.r = r
+        self.g = g
+        self.b = b
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+        self._tuple: Tuple[float, float, float, Optional[float]] = (r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any:
+        return self._tuple[item]
+
+
+# these are not compiled here to avoid import slowdown, they'll be compiled the first time they're used, then cached
+r_hex_short = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])?\s*'
+r_hex_long = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})?\s*'
+_r_255 = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)'
+_r_comma = r'\s*,\s*'
+r_rgb = fr'\s*rgb\(\s*{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}\)\s*'
+_r_alpha = r'(\d(?:\.\d+)?|\.\d+|\d{1,2}%)'
+r_rgba = fr'\s*rgba\(\s*{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_alpha}\s*\)\s*'
+_r_h = r'(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?|-?\.\d+)(deg|rad|turn)?'
+_r_sl = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)%'
+r_hsl = fr'\s*hsl\(\s*{_r_h}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}\s*\)\s*'
+r_hsla = fr'\s*hsl\(\s*{_r_h}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_alpha}\s*\)\s*'
+
+# colors where the two hex characters are the same, if all colors match this the short version of hex colors can be used
+repeat_colors = {int(c * 2, 16) for c in '0123456789abcdef'}
+rads = 2 * math.pi
+
+
+class Color(Representation):
+    __slots__ = '_original', '_rgba'
+
+    def __init__(self, value: ColorType) -> None:
+        self._rgba: RGBA
+        self._original: ColorType
+        if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+            self._rgba = parse_tuple(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self._rgba = parse_str(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, Color):
+            self._rgba = value._rgba
+            value = value._original
+        else:
+            raise ColorError(reason='value must be a tuple, list or string')
+
+        # if we've got here value must be a valid color
+        self._original = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='color')
+
+    def original(self) -> ColorType:
+        """
+        Original value passed to Color
+        """
+        return self._original
+
+    def as_named(self, *, fallback: bool = False) -> str:
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            rgb = cast(Tuple[int, int, int], self.as_rgb_tuple())
+            try:
+                return COLORS_BY_VALUE[rgb]
+            except KeyError as e:
+                if fallback:
+                    return self.as_hex()
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('no named color found, use fallback=True, as_hex() or as_rgb()') from e
+        else:
+            return self.as_hex()
+
+    def as_hex(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Hex string representing the color can be 3, 4, 6 or 8 characters depending on whether the string
+        a "short" representation of the color is possible and whether there's an alpha channel.
+        """
+        values = [float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3]]
+        if self._rgba.alpha is not None:
+            values.append(float_to_255(self._rgba.alpha))
+
+        as_hex = ''.join(f'{v:02x}' for v in values)
+        if all(c in repeat_colors for c in values):
+            as_hex = ''.join(as_hex[c] for c in range(0, len(as_hex), 2))
+        return '#' + as_hex
+
+    def as_rgb(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Color as an rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>) or rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>) string.
+        """
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            return f'rgb({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)})'
+        else:
+            return (
+                f'rgba({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)}, '
+                f'{round(self._alpha_float(), 2)})'
+            )
+
+    def as_rgb_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> ColorTuple:
+        """
+        Color as an RGB or RGBA tuple; red, green and blue are in the range 0 to 255, alpha if included is
+        in the range 0 to 1.
+
+        :param alpha: whether to include the alpha channel, options are
+          None - (default) include alpha only if it's set (e.g. not None)
+          True - always include alpha,
+          False - always omit alpha,
+        """
+        r, g, b = (float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3])
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return r, g, b
+            else:
+                return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        elif alpha:
+            return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return r, g, b
+
+    def as_hsl(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Color as an hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>) or hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>, <a>) string.
+        """
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            h, s, li = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=False)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%})'
+        else:
+            h, s, li, a = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=True)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%}, {round(a, 2)})'
+
+    def as_hsl_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> HslColorTuple:
+        """
+        Color as an HSL or HSLA tuple, e.g. hue, saturation, lightness and optionally alpha; all elements are in
+        the range 0 to 1.
+
+        NOTE: this is HSL as used in HTML and most other places, not HLS as used in python's colorsys.
+
+        :param alpha: whether to include the alpha channel, options are
+          None - (default) include alpha only if it's set (e.g. not None)
+          True - always include alpha,
+          False - always omit alpha,
+        """
+        h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(self._rgba.r, self._rgba.g, self._rgba.b)
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return h, s, l
+            else:
+                return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        if alpha:
+            return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return h, s, l
+
+    def _alpha_float(self) -> float:
+        return 1 if self._rgba.alpha is None else self._rgba.alpha
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.as_named(fallback=True)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, self.as_named(fallback=True))] + [('rgb', self.as_rgb_tuple())]  # type: ignore
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Color) and self.as_rgb_tuple() == other.as_rgb_tuple()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.as_rgb_tuple())
+
+
+def parse_tuple(value: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> RGBA:
+    """
+    Parse a tuple or list as a color.
+    """
+    if len(value) == 3:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value)
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, None)
+    elif len(value) == 4:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value[:3])
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, parse_float_alpha(value[3]))
+    else:
+        raise ColorError(reason='tuples must have length 3 or 4')
+
+
+def parse_str(value: str) -> RGBA:
+    """
+    Parse a string to an RGBA tuple, trying the following formats (in this order):
+    * named color, see COLORS_BY_NAME below
+    * hex short eg. `<prefix>fff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * hex long eg. `<prefix>ffffff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * `rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>) `
+    * `rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>)`
+    """
+    value_lower = value.lower()
+    try:
+        r, g, b = COLORS_BY_NAME[value_lower]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, None)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_short, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v * 2, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha: Optional[float] = int(a * 2, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_long, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha = int(a, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_rgb, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return ints_to_rgba(*m.groups(), None)  # type: ignore
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_rgba, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return ints_to_rgba(*m.groups())  # type: ignore
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hsl, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        h, h_units, s, l_ = m.groups()
+        return parse_hsl(h, h_units, s, l_)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hsla, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        h, h_units, s, l_, a = m.groups()
+        return parse_hsl(h, h_units, s, l_, parse_float_alpha(a))
+
+    raise ColorError(reason='string not recognised as a valid color')
+
+
+def ints_to_rgba(r: Union[int, str], g: Union[int, str], b: Union[int, str], alpha: Optional[float]) -> RGBA:
+    return RGBA(parse_color_value(r), parse_color_value(g), parse_color_value(b), parse_float_alpha(alpha))
+
+
+def parse_color_value(value: Union[int, str], max_val: int = 255) -> float:
+    """
+    Parse a value checking it's a valid int in the range 0 to max_val and divide by max_val to give a number
+    in the range 0 to 1
+    """
+    try:
+        color = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ColorError(reason='color values must be a valid number')
+    if 0 <= color <= max_val:
+        return color / max_val
+    else:
+        raise ColorError(reason=f'color values must be in the range 0 to {max_val}')
+
+
+def parse_float_alpha(value: Union[None, str, float, int]) -> Optional[float]:
+    """
+    Parse a value checking it's a valid float in the range 0 to 1
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith('%'):
+            alpha = float(value[:-1]) / 100
+        else:
+            alpha = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ColorError(reason='alpha values must be a valid float')
+
+    if almost_equal_floats(alpha, 1):
+        return None
+    elif 0 <= alpha <= 1:
+        return alpha
+    else:
+        raise ColorError(reason='alpha values must be in the range 0 to 1')
+
+
+def parse_hsl(h: str, h_units: str, sat: str, light: str, alpha: Optional[float] = None) -> RGBA:
+    """
+    Parse raw hue, saturation, lightness and alpha values and convert to RGBA.
+    """
+    s_value, l_value = parse_color_value(sat, 100), parse_color_value(light, 100)
+
+    h_value = float(h)
+    if h_units in {None, 'deg'}:
+        h_value = h_value % 360 / 360
+    elif h_units == 'rad':
+        h_value = h_value % rads / rads
+    else:
+        # turns
+        h_value = h_value % 1
+
+    r, g, b = hls_to_rgb(h_value, l_value, s_value)
+    return RGBA(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+
+def float_to_255(c: float) -> int:
+    return int(round(c * 255))
+
+
+COLORS_BY_NAME = {
+    'aliceblue': (240, 248, 255),
+    'antiquewhite': (250, 235, 215),
+    'aqua': (0, 255, 255),
+    'aquamarine': (127, 255, 212),
+    'azure': (240, 255, 255),
+    'beige': (245, 245, 220),
+    'bisque': (255, 228, 196),
+    'black': (0, 0, 0),
+    'blanchedalmond': (255, 235, 205),
+    'blue': (0, 0, 255),
+    'blueviolet': (138, 43, 226),
+    'brown': (165, 42, 42),
+    'burlywood': (222, 184, 135),
+    'cadetblue': (95, 158, 160),
+    'chartreuse': (127, 255, 0),
+    'chocolate': (210, 105, 30),
+    'coral': (255, 127, 80),
+    'cornflowerblue': (100, 149, 237),
+    'cornsilk': (255, 248, 220),
+    'crimson': (220, 20, 60),
+    'cyan': (0, 255, 255),
+    'darkblue': (0, 0, 139),
+    'darkcyan': (0, 139, 139),
+    'darkgoldenrod': (184, 134, 11),
+    'darkgray': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkgreen': (0, 100, 0),
+    'darkgrey': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkkhaki': (189, 183, 107),
+    'darkmagenta': (139, 0, 139),
+    'darkolivegreen': (85, 107, 47),
+    'darkorange': (255, 140, 0),
+    'darkorchid': (153, 50, 204),
+    'darkred': (139, 0, 0),
+    'darksalmon': (233, 150, 122),
+    'darkseagreen': (143, 188, 143),
+    'darkslateblue': (72, 61, 139),
+    'darkslategray': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkslategrey': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkturquoise': (0, 206, 209),
+    'darkviolet': (148, 0, 211),
+    'deeppink': (255, 20, 147),
+    'deepskyblue': (0, 191, 255),
+    'dimgray': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dimgrey': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dodgerblue': (30, 144, 255),
+    'firebrick': (178, 34, 34),
+    'floralwhite': (255, 250, 240),
+    'forestgreen': (34, 139, 34),
+    'fuchsia': (255, 0, 255),
+    'gainsboro': (220, 220, 220),
+    'ghostwhite': (248, 248, 255),
+    'gold': (255, 215, 0),
+    'goldenrod': (218, 165, 32),
+    'gray': (128, 128, 128),
+    'green': (0, 128, 0),
+    'greenyellow': (173, 255, 47),
+    'grey': (128, 128, 128),
+    'honeydew': (240, 255, 240),
+    'hotpink': (255, 105, 180),
+    'indianred': (205, 92, 92),
+    'indigo': (75, 0, 130),
+    'ivory': (255, 255, 240),
+    'khaki': (240, 230, 140),
+    'lavender': (230, 230, 250),
+    'lavenderblush': (255, 240, 245),
+    'lawngreen': (124, 252, 0),
+    'lemonchiffon': (255, 250, 205),
+    'lightblue': (173, 216, 230),
+    'lightcoral': (240, 128, 128),
+    'lightcyan': (224, 255, 255),
+    'lightgoldenrodyellow': (250, 250, 210),
+    'lightgray': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightgreen': (144, 238, 144),
+    'lightgrey': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightpink': (255, 182, 193),
+    'lightsalmon': (255, 160, 122),
+    'lightseagreen': (32, 178, 170),
+    'lightskyblue': (135, 206, 250),
+    'lightslategray': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightslategrey': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightsteelblue': (176, 196, 222),
+    'lightyellow': (255, 255, 224),
+    'lime': (0, 255, 0),
+    'limegreen': (50, 205, 50),
+    'linen': (250, 240, 230),
+    'magenta': (255, 0, 255),
+    'maroon': (128, 0, 0),
+    'mediumaquamarine': (102, 205, 170),
+    'mediumblue': (0, 0, 205),
+    'mediumorchid': (186, 85, 211),
+    'mediumpurple': (147, 112, 219),
+    'mediumseagreen': (60, 179, 113),
+    'mediumslateblue': (123, 104, 238),
+    'mediumspringgreen': (0, 250, 154),
+    'mediumturquoise': (72, 209, 204),
+    'mediumvioletred': (199, 21, 133),
+    'midnightblue': (25, 25, 112),
+    'mintcream': (245, 255, 250),
+    'mistyrose': (255, 228, 225),
+    'moccasin': (255, 228, 181),
+    'navajowhite': (255, 222, 173),
+    'navy': (0, 0, 128),
+    'oldlace': (253, 245, 230),
+    'olive': (128, 128, 0),
+    'olivedrab': (107, 142, 35),
+    'orange': (255, 165, 0),
+    'orangered': (255, 69, 0),
+    'orchid': (218, 112, 214),
+    'palegoldenrod': (238, 232, 170),
+    'palegreen': (152, 251, 152),
+    'paleturquoise': (175, 238, 238),
+    'palevioletred': (219, 112, 147),
+    'papayawhip': (255, 239, 213),
+    'peachpuff': (255, 218, 185),
+    'peru': (205, 133, 63),
+    'pink': (255, 192, 203),
+    'plum': (221, 160, 221),
+    'powderblue': (176, 224, 230),
+    'purple': (128, 0, 128),
+    'red': (255, 0, 0),
+    'rosybrown': (188, 143, 143),
+    'royalblue': (65, 105, 225),
+    'saddlebrown': (139, 69, 19),
+    'salmon': (250, 128, 114),
+    'sandybrown': (244, 164, 96),
+    'seagreen': (46, 139, 87),
+    'seashell': (255, 245, 238),
+    'sienna': (160, 82, 45),
+    'silver': (192, 192, 192),
+    'skyblue': (135, 206, 235),
+    'slateblue': (106, 90, 205),
+    'slategray': (112, 128, 144),
+    'slategrey': (112, 128, 144),
+    'snow': (255, 250, 250),
+    'springgreen': (0, 255, 127),
+    'steelblue': (70, 130, 180),
+    'tan': (210, 180, 140),
+    'teal': (0, 128, 128),
+    'thistle': (216, 191, 216),
+    'tomato': (255, 99, 71),
+    'turquoise': (64, 224, 208),
+    'violet': (238, 130, 238),
+    'wheat': (245, 222, 179),
+    'white': (255, 255, 255),
+    'whitesmoke': (245, 245, 245),
+    'yellow': (255, 255, 0),
+    'yellowgreen': (154, 205, 50),
+}
+
+COLORS_BY_VALUE = {v: k for k, v in COLORS_BY_NAME.items()}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18f7c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, ForwardRef, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import Literal, Protocol
+
+from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyArgTCallable, AnyCallable
+from pydantic.v1.utils import GetterDict
+from pydantic.v1.version import compiled
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import overload
+
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    ConfigType = Type['BaseConfig']
+
+    class SchemaExtraCallable(Protocol):
+        @overload
+        def __call__(self, schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        @overload
+        def __call__(self, schema: Dict[str, Any], model_class: Type[BaseModel]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+else:
+    SchemaExtraCallable = Callable[..., None]
+
+__all__ = 'BaseConfig', 'ConfigDict', 'get_config', 'Extra', 'inherit_config', 'prepare_config'
+
+
+class Extra(str, Enum):
+    allow = 'allow'
+    ignore = 'ignore'
+    forbid = 'forbid'
+
+
+# https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4003
+# Fixed in Cython 3 and Pydantic v1 won't support Cython 3.
+# Pydantic v2 doesn't depend on Cython at all.
+if not compiled:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    class ConfigDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+        title: Optional[str]
+        anystr_lower: bool
+        anystr_strip_whitespace: bool
+        min_anystr_length: int
+        max_anystr_length: Optional[int]
+        validate_all: bool
+        extra: Extra
+        allow_mutation: bool
+        frozen: bool
+        allow_population_by_field_name: bool
+        use_enum_values: bool
+        fields: Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, str]]]
+        validate_assignment: bool
+        error_msg_templates: Dict[str, str]
+        arbitrary_types_allowed: bool
+        orm_mode: bool
+        getter_dict: Type[GetterDict]
+        alias_generator: Optional[Callable[[str], str]]
+        keep_untouched: Tuple[type, ...]
+        schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, object], 'SchemaExtraCallable']
+        json_loads: Callable[[str], object]
+        json_dumps: AnyArgTCallable[str]
+        json_encoders: Dict[Type[object], AnyCallable]
+        underscore_attrs_are_private: bool
+        allow_inf_nan: bool
+        copy_on_model_validation: Literal['none', 'deep', 'shallow']
+        # whether dataclass `__post_init__` should be run after validation
+        post_init_call: Literal['before_validation', 'after_validation']
+
+else:
+    ConfigDict = dict  # type: ignore
+
+
+class BaseConfig:
+    title: Optional[str] = None
+    anystr_lower: bool = False
+    anystr_upper: bool = False
+    anystr_strip_whitespace: bool = False
+    min_anystr_length: int = 0
+    max_anystr_length: Optional[int] = None
+    validate_all: bool = False
+    extra: Extra = Extra.ignore
+    allow_mutation: bool = True
+    frozen: bool = False
+    allow_population_by_field_name: bool = False
+    use_enum_values: bool = False
+    fields: Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, str]]] = {}
+    validate_assignment: bool = False
+    error_msg_templates: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    arbitrary_types_allowed: bool = False
+    orm_mode: bool = False
+    getter_dict: Type[GetterDict] = GetterDict
+    alias_generator: Optional[Callable[[str], str]] = None
+    keep_untouched: Tuple[type, ...] = ()
+    schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], 'SchemaExtraCallable'] = {}
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads
+    json_dumps: Callable[..., str] = json.dumps
+    json_encoders: Dict[Union[Type[Any], str, ForwardRef], AnyCallable] = {}
+    underscore_attrs_are_private: bool = False
+    allow_inf_nan: bool = True
+
+    # whether inherited models as fields should be reconstructed as base model,
+    # and whether such a copy should be shallow or deep
+    copy_on_model_validation: Literal['none', 'deep', 'shallow'] = 'shallow'
+
+    # whether `Union` should check all allowed types before even trying to coerce
+    smart_union: bool = False
+    # whether dataclass `__post_init__` should be run before or after validation
+    post_init_call: Literal['before_validation', 'after_validation'] = 'before_validation'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_field_info(cls, name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Get properties of FieldInfo from the `fields` property of the config class.
+        """
+
+        fields_value = cls.fields.get(name)
+
+        if isinstance(fields_value, str):
+            field_info: Dict[str, Any] = {'alias': fields_value}
+        elif isinstance(fields_value, dict):
+            field_info = fields_value
+        else:
+            field_info = {}
+
+        if 'alias' in field_info:
+            field_info.setdefault('alias_priority', 2)
+
+        if field_info.get('alias_priority', 0) <= 1 and cls.alias_generator:
+            alias = cls.alias_generator(name)
+            if not isinstance(alias, str):
+                raise TypeError(f'Config.alias_generator must return str, not {alias.__class__}')
+            field_info.update(alias=alias, alias_priority=1)
+        return field_info
+
+    @classmethod
+    def prepare_field(cls, field: 'ModelField') -> None:
+        """
+        Optional hook to check or modify fields during model creation.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+def get_config(config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None]) -> Type[BaseConfig]:
+    if config is None:
+        return BaseConfig
+
+    else:
+        config_dict = (
+            config
+            if isinstance(config, dict)
+            else {k: getattr(config, k) for k in dir(config) if not k.startswith('__')}
+        )
+
+        class Config(BaseConfig):
+            ...
+
+        for k, v in config_dict.items():
+            setattr(Config, k, v)
+        return Config
+
+
+def inherit_config(self_config: 'ConfigType', parent_config: 'ConfigType', **namespace: Any) -> 'ConfigType':
+    if not self_config:
+        base_classes: Tuple['ConfigType', ...] = (parent_config,)
+    elif self_config == parent_config:
+        base_classes = (self_config,)
+    else:
+        base_classes = self_config, parent_config
+
+    namespace['json_encoders'] = {
+        **getattr(parent_config, 'json_encoders', {}),
+        **getattr(self_config, 'json_encoders', {}),
+        **namespace.get('json_encoders', {}),
+    }
+
+    return type('Config', base_classes, namespace)
+
+
+def prepare_config(config: Type[BaseConfig], cls_name: str) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(config.extra, Extra):
+        try:
+            config.extra = Extra(config.extra)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError(f'"{cls_name}": {config.extra} is not a valid value for "extra"')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/dataclasses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/dataclasses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd16702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/dataclasses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+"""
+The main purpose is to enhance stdlib dataclasses by adding validation
+A pydantic dataclass can be generated from scratch or from a stdlib one.
+
+Behind the scene, a pydantic dataclass is just like a regular one on which we attach
+a `BaseModel` and magic methods to trigger the validation of the data.
+`__init__` and `__post_init__` are hence overridden and have extra logic to be
+able to validate input data.
+
+When a pydantic dataclass is generated from scratch, it's just a plain dataclass
+with validation triggered at initialization
+
+The tricky part if for stdlib dataclasses that are converted after into pydantic ones e.g.
+
+```py
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class M:
+    x: int
+
+ValidatedM = pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass(M)
+```
+
+We indeed still want to support equality, hashing, repr, ... as if it was the stdlib one!
+
+```py
+assert isinstance(ValidatedM(x=1), M)
+assert ValidatedM(x=1) == M(x=1)
+```
+
+This means we **don't want to create a new dataclass that inherits from it**
+The trick is to create a wrapper around `M` that will act as a proxy to trigger
+validation without altering default `M` behaviour.
+"""
+import copy
+import dataclasses
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import wraps
+
+try:
+    from functools import cached_property
+except ImportError:
+    # cached_property available only for python3.8+
+    pass
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, Generator, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import gather_all_validators
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, ConfigDict, Extra, get_config
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ValidationError
+from pydantic.v1.errors import DataclassTypeError
+from pydantic.v1.fields import Field, FieldInfo, Required, Undefined
+from pydantic.v1.main import create_model, validate_model
+from pydantic.v1.utils import ClassAttribute
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import CallableGenerator, NoArgAnyCallable
+
+    DataclassT = TypeVar('DataclassT', bound='Dataclass')
+
+    DataclassClassOrWrapper = Union[Type['Dataclass'], 'DataclassProxy']
+
+    class Dataclass:
+        # stdlib attributes
+        __dataclass_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any]]
+        __dataclass_params__: ClassVar[Any]  # in reality `dataclasses._DataclassParams`
+        __post_init__: ClassVar[Callable[..., None]]
+
+        # Added by pydantic
+        __pydantic_run_validation__: ClassVar[bool]
+        __post_init_post_parse__: ClassVar[Callable[..., None]]
+        __pydantic_initialised__: ClassVar[bool]
+        __pydantic_model__: ClassVar[Type[BaseModel]]
+        __pydantic_validate_values__: ClassVar[Callable[['Dataclass'], None]]
+        __pydantic_has_field_info_default__: ClassVar[bool]  # whether a `pydantic.Field` is used as default value
+
+        def __init__(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls: Type['Dataclass']) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __validate__(cls: Type['DataclassT'], v: Any) -> 'DataclassT':
+            pass
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'dataclass',
+    'set_validation',
+    'create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass',
+    'is_builtin_dataclass',
+    'make_dataclass_validator',
+]
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> Callable[[Type[_T]], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper']:
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: Type[_T],
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> 'DataclassClassOrWrapper':
+        ...
+
+else:
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[Type[_T]], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper']:
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: Type[_T],
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> 'DataclassClassOrWrapper':
+        ...
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+def dataclass(
+    _cls: Optional[Type[_T]] = None,
+    *,
+    init: bool = True,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    eq: bool = True,
+    order: bool = False,
+    unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+    frozen: bool = False,
+    config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+    validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+    use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    kw_only: bool = False,
+) -> Union[Callable[[Type[_T]], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper'], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper']:
+    """
+    Like the python standard lib dataclasses but with type validation.
+    The result is either a pydantic dataclass that will validate input data
+    or a wrapper that will trigger validation around a stdlib dataclass
+    to avoid modifying it directly
+    """
+    the_config = get_config(config)
+
+    def wrap(cls: Type[Any]) -> 'DataclassClassOrWrapper':
+        should_use_proxy = (
+            use_proxy
+            if use_proxy is not None
+            else (
+                is_builtin_dataclass(cls)
+                and (cls.__bases__[0] is object or set(dir(cls)) == set(dir(cls.__bases__[0])))
+            )
+        )
+        if should_use_proxy:
+            dc_cls_doc = ''
+            dc_cls = DataclassProxy(cls)
+            default_validate_on_init = False
+        else:
+            dc_cls_doc = cls.__doc__ or ''  # needs to be done before generating dataclass
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+                dc_cls = dataclasses.dataclass(
+                    cls,
+                    init=init,
+                    repr=repr,
+                    eq=eq,
+                    order=order,
+                    unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash,
+                    frozen=frozen,
+                    kw_only=kw_only,
+                )
+            else:
+                dc_cls = dataclasses.dataclass(  # type: ignore
+                    cls, init=init, repr=repr, eq=eq, order=order, unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash, frozen=frozen
+                )
+            default_validate_on_init = True
+
+        should_validate_on_init = default_validate_on_init if validate_on_init is None else validate_on_init
+        _add_pydantic_validation_attributes(cls, the_config, should_validate_on_init, dc_cls_doc)
+        dc_cls.__pydantic_model__.__try_update_forward_refs__(**{cls.__name__: cls})
+        return dc_cls
+
+    if _cls is None:
+        return wrap
+
+    return wrap(_cls)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def set_validation(cls: Type['DataclassT'], value: bool) -> Generator[Type['DataclassT'], None, None]:
+    original_run_validation = cls.__pydantic_run_validation__
+    try:
+        cls.__pydantic_run_validation__ = value
+        yield cls
+    finally:
+        cls.__pydantic_run_validation__ = original_run_validation
+
+
+class DataclassProxy:
+    __slots__ = '__dataclass__'
+
+    def __init__(self, dc_cls: Type['Dataclass']) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, '__dataclass__', dc_cls)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        with set_validation(self.__dataclass__, True):
+            return self.__dataclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.__dataclass__, name)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None:
+        return setattr(self.__dataclass__, __name, __value)
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(instance, self.__dataclass__)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> 'DataclassProxy':
+        return DataclassProxy(copy.copy(self.__dataclass__))
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Any) -> 'DataclassProxy':
+        return DataclassProxy(copy.deepcopy(self.__dataclass__, memo))
+
+
+def _add_pydantic_validation_attributes(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    dc_cls: Type['Dataclass'],
+    config: Type[BaseConfig],
+    validate_on_init: bool,
+    dc_cls_doc: str,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    We need to replace the right method. If no `__post_init__` has been set in the stdlib dataclass
+    it won't even exist (code is generated on the fly by `dataclasses`)
+    By default, we run validation after `__init__` or `__post_init__` if defined
+    """
+    init = dc_cls.__init__
+
+    @wraps(init)
+    def handle_extra_init(self: 'Dataclass', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        if config.extra == Extra.ignore:
+            init(self, *args, **{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in self.__dataclass_fields__})
+
+        elif config.extra == Extra.allow:
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                self.__dict__.setdefault(k, v)
+            init(self, *args, **{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in self.__dataclass_fields__})
+
+        else:
+            init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    if hasattr(dc_cls, '__post_init__'):
+        try:
+            post_init = dc_cls.__post_init__.__wrapped__  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        except AttributeError:
+            post_init = dc_cls.__post_init__
+
+        @wraps(post_init)
+        def new_post_init(self: 'Dataclass', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            if config.post_init_call == 'before_validation':
+                post_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            if self.__class__.__pydantic_run_validation__:
+                self.__pydantic_validate_values__()
+                if hasattr(self, '__post_init_post_parse__'):
+                    self.__post_init_post_parse__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            if config.post_init_call == 'after_validation':
+                post_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__init__', handle_extra_init)
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__post_init__', new_post_init)
+
+    else:
+
+        @wraps(init)
+        def new_init(self: 'Dataclass', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            handle_extra_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            if self.__class__.__pydantic_run_validation__:
+                self.__pydantic_validate_values__()
+
+            if hasattr(self, '__post_init_post_parse__'):
+                # We need to find again the initvars. To do that we use `__dataclass_fields__` instead of
+                # public method `dataclasses.fields`
+
+                # get all initvars and their default values
+                initvars_and_values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+                for i, f in enumerate(self.__class__.__dataclass_fields__.values()):
+                    if f._field_type is dataclasses._FIELD_INITVAR:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                        try:
+                            # set arg value by default
+                            initvars_and_values[f.name] = args[i]
+                        except IndexError:
+                            initvars_and_values[f.name] = kwargs.get(f.name, f.default)
+
+                self.__post_init_post_parse__(**initvars_and_values)
+
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__init__', new_init)
+
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_run_validation__', ClassAttribute('__pydantic_run_validation__', validate_on_init))
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_initialised__', False)
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_model__', create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass(dc_cls, config, dc_cls_doc))
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_validate_values__', _dataclass_validate_values)
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__validate__', classmethod(_validate_dataclass))
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__get_validators__', classmethod(_get_validators))
+
+    if dc_cls.__pydantic_model__.__config__.validate_assignment and not dc_cls.__dataclass_params__.frozen:
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__setattr__', _dataclass_validate_assignment_setattr)
+
+
+def _get_validators(cls: 'DataclassClassOrWrapper') -> 'CallableGenerator':
+    yield cls.__validate__
+
+
+def _validate_dataclass(cls: Type['DataclassT'], v: Any) -> 'DataclassT':
+    with set_validation(cls, True):
+        if isinstance(v, cls):
+            v.__pydantic_validate_values__()
+            return v
+        elif isinstance(v, (list, tuple)):
+            return cls(*v)
+        elif isinstance(v, dict):
+            return cls(**v)
+        else:
+            raise DataclassTypeError(class_name=cls.__name__)
+
+
+def create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass(
+    dc_cls: Type['Dataclass'],
+    config: Type[Any] = BaseConfig,
+    dc_cls_doc: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    field_definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for field in dataclasses.fields(dc_cls):
+        default: Any = Undefined
+        default_factory: Optional['NoArgAnyCallable'] = None
+        field_info: FieldInfo
+
+        if field.default is not dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default = field.default
+        elif field.default_factory is not dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default_factory = field.default_factory
+        else:
+            default = Required
+
+        if isinstance(default, FieldInfo):
+            field_info = default
+            dc_cls.__pydantic_has_field_info_default__ = True
+        else:
+            field_info = Field(default=default, default_factory=default_factory, **field.metadata)
+
+        field_definitions[field.name] = (field.type, field_info)
+
+    validators = gather_all_validators(dc_cls)
+    model: Type['BaseModel'] = create_model(
+        dc_cls.__name__,
+        __config__=config,
+        __module__=dc_cls.__module__,
+        __validators__=validators,
+        __cls_kwargs__={'__resolve_forward_refs__': False},
+        **field_definitions,
+    )
+    model.__doc__ = dc_cls_doc if dc_cls_doc is not None else dc_cls.__doc__ or ''
+    return model
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+
+    def _is_field_cached_property(obj: 'Dataclass', k: str) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(getattr(type(obj), k, None), cached_property)
+
+else:
+
+    def _is_field_cached_property(obj: 'Dataclass', k: str) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+def _dataclass_validate_values(self: 'Dataclass') -> None:
+    # validation errors can occur if this function is called twice on an already initialised dataclass.
+    # for example if Extra.forbid is enabled, it would consider __pydantic_initialised__ an invalid extra property
+    if getattr(self, '__pydantic_initialised__'):
+        return
+    if getattr(self, '__pydantic_has_field_info_default__', False):
+        # We need to remove `FieldInfo` values since they are not valid as input
+        # It's ok to do that because they are obviously the default values!
+        input_data = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
+            if not (isinstance(v, FieldInfo) or _is_field_cached_property(self, k))
+        }
+    else:
+        input_data = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not _is_field_cached_property(self, k)}
+    d, _, validation_error = validate_model(self.__pydantic_model__, input_data, cls=self.__class__)
+    if validation_error:
+        raise validation_error
+    self.__dict__.update(d)
+    object.__setattr__(self, '__pydantic_initialised__', True)
+
+
+def _dataclass_validate_assignment_setattr(self: 'Dataclass', name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    if self.__pydantic_initialised__:
+        d = dict(self.__dict__)
+        d.pop(name, None)
+        known_field = self.__pydantic_model__.__fields__.get(name, None)
+        if known_field:
+            value, error_ = known_field.validate(value, d, loc=name, cls=self.__class__)
+            if error_:
+                raise ValidationError([error_], self.__class__)
+
+    object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+
+
+def is_builtin_dataclass(_cls: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Whether a class is a stdlib dataclass
+    (useful to discriminated a pydantic dataclass that is actually a wrapper around a stdlib dataclass)
+
+    we check that
+    - `_cls` is a dataclass
+    - `_cls` is not a processed pydantic dataclass (with a basemodel attached)
+    - `_cls` is not a pydantic dataclass inheriting directly from a stdlib dataclass
+    e.g.
+    ```
+    @dataclasses.dataclass
+    class A:
+        x: int
+
+    @pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass
+    class B(A):
+        y: int
+    ```
+    In this case, when we first check `B`, we make an extra check and look at the annotations ('y'),
+    which won't be a superset of all the dataclass fields (only the stdlib fields i.e. 'x')
+    """
+    return (
+        dataclasses.is_dataclass(_cls)
+        and not hasattr(_cls, '__pydantic_model__')
+        and set(_cls.__dataclass_fields__).issuperset(set(getattr(_cls, '__annotations__', {})))
+    )
+
+
+def make_dataclass_validator(dc_cls: Type['Dataclass'], config: Type[BaseConfig]) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+    """
+    Create a pydantic.dataclass from a builtin dataclass to add type validation
+    and yield the validators
+    It retrieves the parameters of the dataclass and forwards them to the newly created dataclass
+    """
+    yield from _get_validators(dataclass(dc_cls, config=config, use_proxy=True))
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/datetime_parse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/datetime_parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7598fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/datetime_parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+"""
+Functions to parse datetime objects.
+
+We're using regular expressions rather than time.strptime because:
+- They provide both validation and parsing.
+- They're more flexible for datetimes.
+- The date/datetime/time constructors produce friendlier error messages.
+
+Stolen from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/django/django/main/django/utils/dateparse.py at
+9718fa2e8abe430c3526a9278dd976443d4ae3c6
+
+Changed to:
+* use standard python datetime types not django.utils.timezone
+* raise ValueError when regex doesn't match rather than returning None
+* support parsing unix timestamps for dates and datetimes
+"""
+import re
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+
+date_expr = r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d{1,2})-(?P<day>\d{1,2})'
+time_expr = (
+    r'(?P<hour>\d{1,2}):(?P<minute>\d{1,2})'
+    r'(?::(?P<second>\d{1,2})(?:\.(?P<microsecond>\d{1,6})\d{0,6})?)?'
+    r'(?P<tzinfo>Z|[+-]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?)?$'
+)
+
+date_re = re.compile(f'{date_expr}$')
+time_re = re.compile(time_expr)
+datetime_re = re.compile(f'{date_expr}[T ]{time_expr}')
+
+standard_duration_re = re.compile(
+    r'^'
+    r'(?:(?P<days>-?\d+) (days?, )?)?'
+    r'((?:(?P<hours>-?\d+):)(?=\d+:\d+))?'
+    r'(?:(?P<minutes>-?\d+):)?'
+    r'(?P<seconds>-?\d+)'
+    r'(?:\.(?P<microseconds>\d{1,6})\d{0,6})?'
+    r'$'
+)
+
+# Support the sections of ISO 8601 date representation that are accepted by timedelta
+iso8601_duration_re = re.compile(
+    r'^(?P<sign>[-+]?)'
+    r'P'
+    r'(?:(?P<days>\d+(.\d+)?)D)?'
+    r'(?:T'
+    r'(?:(?P<hours>\d+(.\d+)?)H)?'
+    r'(?:(?P<minutes>\d+(.\d+)?)M)?'
+    r'(?:(?P<seconds>\d+(.\d+)?)S)?'
+    r')?'
+    r'$'
+)
+
+EPOCH = datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+# if greater than this, the number is in ms, if less than or equal it's in seconds
+# (in seconds this is 11th October 2603, in ms it's 20th August 1970)
+MS_WATERSHED = int(2e10)
+# slightly more than datetime.max in ns - (datetime.max - EPOCH).total_seconds() * 1e9
+MAX_NUMBER = int(3e20)
+StrBytesIntFloat = Union[str, bytes, int, float]
+
+
+def get_numeric(value: StrBytesIntFloat, native_expected_type: str) -> Union[None, int, float]:
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return value
+    try:
+        return float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f'invalid type; expected {native_expected_type}, string, bytes, int or float')
+
+
+def from_unix_seconds(seconds: Union[int, float]) -> datetime:
+    if seconds > MAX_NUMBER:
+        return datetime.max
+    elif seconds < -MAX_NUMBER:
+        return datetime.min
+
+    while abs(seconds) > MS_WATERSHED:
+        seconds /= 1000
+    dt = EPOCH + timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+    return dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+
+def _parse_timezone(value: Optional[str], error: Type[Exception]) -> Union[None, int, timezone]:
+    if value == 'Z':
+        return timezone.utc
+    elif value is not None:
+        offset_mins = int(value[-2:]) if len(value) > 3 else 0
+        offset = 60 * int(value[1:3]) + offset_mins
+        if value[0] == '-':
+            offset = -offset
+        try:
+            return timezone(timedelta(minutes=offset))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise error()
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def parse_date(value: Union[date, StrBytesIntFloat]) -> date:
+    """
+    Parse a date/int/float/string and return a datetime.date.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the input is well formatted but not a valid date.
+    Raise ValueError if the input isn't well formatted.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, date):
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return value.date()
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    number = get_numeric(value, 'date')
+    if number is not None:
+        return from_unix_seconds(number).date()
+
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    match = date_re.match(value)  # type: ignore
+    if match is None:
+        raise errors.DateError()
+
+    kw = {k: int(v) for k, v in match.groupdict().items()}
+
+    try:
+        return date(**kw)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.DateError()
+
+
+def parse_time(value: Union[time, StrBytesIntFloat]) -> time:
+    """
+    Parse a time/string and return a datetime.time.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the input is well formatted but not a valid time.
+    Raise ValueError if the input isn't well formatted, in particular if it contains an offset.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, time):
+        return value
+
+    number = get_numeric(value, 'time')
+    if number is not None:
+        if number >= 86400:
+            # doesn't make sense since the time time loop back around to 0
+            raise errors.TimeError()
+        return (datetime.min + timedelta(seconds=number)).time()
+
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    match = time_re.match(value)  # type: ignore
+    if match is None:
+        raise errors.TimeError()
+
+    kw = match.groupdict()
+    if kw['microsecond']:
+        kw['microsecond'] = kw['microsecond'].ljust(6, '0')
+
+    tzinfo = _parse_timezone(kw.pop('tzinfo'), errors.TimeError)
+    kw_: Dict[str, Union[None, int, timezone]] = {k: int(v) for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+    kw_['tzinfo'] = tzinfo
+
+    try:
+        return time(**kw_)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.TimeError()
+
+
+def parse_datetime(value: Union[datetime, StrBytesIntFloat]) -> datetime:
+    """
+    Parse a datetime/int/float/string and return a datetime.datetime.
+
+    This function supports time zone offsets. When the input contains one,
+    the output uses a timezone with a fixed offset from UTC.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the input is well formatted but not a valid datetime.
+    Raise ValueError if the input isn't well formatted.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return value
+
+    number = get_numeric(value, 'datetime')
+    if number is not None:
+        return from_unix_seconds(number)
+
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    match = datetime_re.match(value)  # type: ignore
+    if match is None:
+        raise errors.DateTimeError()
+
+    kw = match.groupdict()
+    if kw['microsecond']:
+        kw['microsecond'] = kw['microsecond'].ljust(6, '0')
+
+    tzinfo = _parse_timezone(kw.pop('tzinfo'), errors.DateTimeError)
+    kw_: Dict[str, Union[None, int, timezone]] = {k: int(v) for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+    kw_['tzinfo'] = tzinfo
+
+    try:
+        return datetime(**kw_)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.DateTimeError()
+
+
+def parse_duration(value: StrBytesIntFloat) -> timedelta:
+    """
+    Parse a duration int/float/string and return a datetime.timedelta.
+
+    The preferred format for durations in Django is '%d %H:%M:%S.%f'.
+
+    Also supports ISO 8601 representation.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, timedelta):
+        return value
+
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        # below code requires a string
+        value = f'{value:f}'
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    try:
+        match = standard_duration_re.match(value) or iso8601_duration_re.match(value)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError('invalid type; expected timedelta, string, bytes, int or float')
+
+    if not match:
+        raise errors.DurationError()
+
+    kw = match.groupdict()
+    sign = -1 if kw.pop('sign', '+') == '-' else 1
+    if kw.get('microseconds'):
+        kw['microseconds'] = kw['microseconds'].ljust(6, '0')
+
+    if kw.get('seconds') and kw.get('microseconds') and kw['seconds'].startswith('-'):
+        kw['microseconds'] = '-' + kw['microseconds']
+
+    kw_ = {k: float(v) for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+
+    return sign * timedelta(**kw_)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/decorator.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7c2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from pydantic.v1 import validator
+from pydantic.v1.config import Extra
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel, create_model
+from pydantic.v1.typing import get_all_type_hints
+from pydantic.v1.utils import to_camel
+
+__all__ = ('validate_arguments',)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyCallable
+
+    AnyCallableT = TypeVar('AnyCallableT', bound=AnyCallable)
+    ConfigType = Union[None, Type[Any], Dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(func: None = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None) -> Callable[['AnyCallableT'], 'AnyCallableT']:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(func: 'AnyCallableT') -> 'AnyCallableT':
+    ...
+
+
+def validate_arguments(func: Optional['AnyCallableT'] = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None) -> Any:
+    """
+    Decorator to validate the arguments passed to a function.
+    """
+
+    def validate(_func: 'AnyCallable') -> 'AnyCallable':
+        vd = ValidatedFunction(_func, config)
+
+        @wraps(_func)
+        def wrapper_function(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            return vd.call(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        wrapper_function.vd = vd  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.validate = vd.init_model_instance  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.raw_function = vd.raw_function  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.model = vd.model  # type: ignore
+        return wrapper_function
+
+    if func:
+        return validate(func)
+    else:
+        return validate
+
+
+ALT_V_ARGS = 'v__args'
+ALT_V_KWARGS = 'v__kwargs'
+V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME = 'v__positional_only'
+V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS = 'v__duplicate_kwargs'
+
+
+class ValidatedFunction:
+    def __init__(self, function: 'AnyCallableT', config: 'ConfigType'):  # noqa C901
+        from inspect import Parameter, signature
+
+        parameters: Mapping[str, Parameter] = signature(function).parameters
+
+        if parameters.keys() & {ALT_V_ARGS, ALT_V_KWARGS, V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'"{ALT_V_ARGS}", "{ALT_V_KWARGS}", "{V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME}" and "{V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}" '
+                f'are not permitted as argument names when using the "{validate_arguments.__name__}" decorator'
+            )
+
+        self.raw_function = function
+        self.arg_mapping: Dict[int, str] = {}
+        self.positional_only_args = set()
+        self.v_args_name = 'args'
+        self.v_kwargs_name = 'kwargs'
+
+        type_hints = get_all_type_hints(function)
+        takes_args = False
+        takes_kwargs = False
+        fields: Dict[str, Tuple[Any, Any]] = {}
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(parameters.items()):
+            if p.annotation is p.empty:
+                annotation = Any
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            default = ... if p.default is p.empty else p.default
+            if p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = List[str], None
+                self.positional_only_args.add(name)
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = List[str], None
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                self.v_args_name = name
+                fields[name] = Tuple[annotation, ...], None
+                takes_args = True
+            else:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+                self.v_kwargs_name = name
+                fields[name] = Dict[str, annotation], None  # type: ignore
+                takes_kwargs = True
+
+        # these checks avoid a clash between "args" and a field with that name
+        if not takes_args and self.v_args_name in fields:
+            self.v_args_name = ALT_V_ARGS
+
+        # same with "kwargs"
+        if not takes_kwargs and self.v_kwargs_name in fields:
+            self.v_kwargs_name = ALT_V_KWARGS
+
+        if not takes_args:
+            # we add the field so validation below can raise the correct exception
+            fields[self.v_args_name] = List[Any], None
+
+        if not takes_kwargs:
+            # same with kwargs
+            fields[self.v_kwargs_name] = Dict[Any, Any], None
+
+        self.create_model(fields, takes_args, takes_kwargs, config)
+
+    def init_model_instance(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> BaseModel:
+        values = self.build_values(args, kwargs)
+        return self.model(**values)
+
+    def call(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        m = self.init_model_instance(*args, **kwargs)
+        return self.execute(m)
+
+    def build_values(self, args: Tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if args:
+            arg_iter = enumerate(args)
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    i, a = next(arg_iter)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    break
+                arg_name = self.arg_mapping.get(i)
+                if arg_name is not None:
+                    values[arg_name] = a
+                else:
+                    values[self.v_args_name] = [a] + [a for _, a in arg_iter]
+                    break
+
+        var_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        wrong_positional_args = []
+        duplicate_kwargs = []
+        fields_alias = [
+            field.alias
+            for name, field in self.model.__fields__.items()
+            if name not in (self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name)
+        ]
+        non_var_fields = set(self.model.__fields__) - {self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name}
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            if k in non_var_fields or k in fields_alias:
+                if k in self.positional_only_args:
+                    wrong_positional_args.append(k)
+                if k in values:
+                    duplicate_kwargs.append(k)
+                values[k] = v
+            else:
+                var_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        if var_kwargs:
+            values[self.v_kwargs_name] = var_kwargs
+        if wrong_positional_args:
+            values[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = wrong_positional_args
+        if duplicate_kwargs:
+            values[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = duplicate_kwargs
+        return values
+
+    def execute(self, m: BaseModel) -> Any:
+        d = {k: v for k, v in m._iter() if k in m.__fields_set__ or m.__fields__[k].default_factory}
+        var_kwargs = d.pop(self.v_kwargs_name, {})
+
+        if self.v_args_name in d:
+            args_: List[Any] = []
+            in_kwargs = False
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if in_kwargs:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+                elif name == self.v_args_name:
+                    args_ += value
+                    in_kwargs = True
+                else:
+                    args_.append(value)
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        elif self.positional_only_args:
+            args_ = []
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if name in self.positional_only_args:
+                    args_.append(value)
+                else:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.raw_function(**d, **var_kwargs)
+
+    def create_model(self, fields: Dict[str, Any], takes_args: bool, takes_kwargs: bool, config: 'ConfigType') -> None:
+        pos_args = len(self.arg_mapping)
+
+        class CustomConfig:
+            pass
+
+        if not TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no branch
+            if isinstance(config, dict):
+                CustomConfig = type('Config', (), config)  # noqa: F811
+            elif config is not None:
+                CustomConfig = config  # noqa: F811
+
+        if hasattr(CustomConfig, 'fields') or hasattr(CustomConfig, 'alias_generator'):
+            raise ConfigError(
+                'Setting the "fields" and "alias_generator" property on custom Config for '
+                '@validate_arguments is not yet supported, please remove.'
+            )
+
+        class DecoratorBaseModel(BaseModel):
+            @validator(self.v_args_name, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_args(cls, v: Optional[List[Any]]) -> Optional[List[Any]]:
+                if takes_args or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                raise TypeError(f'{pos_args} positional arguments expected but {pos_args + len(v)} given')
+
+            @validator(self.v_kwargs_name, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+                if takes_kwargs or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v.keys()))
+                raise TypeError(f'unexpected keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @validator(V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_positional_only(cls, v: Optional[List[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'positional-only argument{plural} passed as keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @validator(V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_duplicate_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[List[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'multiple values for argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            class Config(CustomConfig):
+                extra = getattr(CustomConfig, 'extra', Extra.forbid)
+
+        self.model = create_model(to_camel(self.raw_function.__name__), __base__=DecoratorBaseModel, **fields)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/env_settings.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/env_settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f6f217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/env_settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+import os
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import AbstractSet, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, Extra
+from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+from pydantic.v1.types import JsonWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.typing import StrPath, display_as_type, get_origin, is_union
+from pydantic.v1.utils import deep_update, lenient_issubclass, path_type, sequence_like
+
+env_file_sentinel = str(object())
+
+SettingsSourceCallable = Callable[['BaseSettings'], Dict[str, Any]]
+DotenvType = Union[StrPath, List[StrPath], Tuple[StrPath, ...]]
+
+
+class SettingsError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class BaseSettings(BaseModel):
+    """
+    Base class for settings, allowing values to be overridden by environment variables.
+
+    This is useful in production for secrets you do not wish to save in code, it plays nicely with docker(-compose),
+    Heroku and any 12 factor app design.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        __pydantic_self__,
+        _env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = env_file_sentinel,
+        _env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        _env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
+        _secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+        **values: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Uses something other than `self` the first arg to allow "self" as a settable attribute
+        super().__init__(
+            **__pydantic_self__._build_values(
+                values,
+                _env_file=_env_file,
+                _env_file_encoding=_env_file_encoding,
+                _env_nested_delimiter=_env_nested_delimiter,
+                _secrets_dir=_secrets_dir,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _build_values(
+        self,
+        init_kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        _env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = None,
+        _env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        _env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
+        _secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # Configure built-in sources
+        init_settings = InitSettingsSource(init_kwargs=init_kwargs)
+        env_settings = EnvSettingsSource(
+            env_file=(_env_file if _env_file != env_file_sentinel else self.__config__.env_file),
+            env_file_encoding=(
+                _env_file_encoding if _env_file_encoding is not None else self.__config__.env_file_encoding
+            ),
+            env_nested_delimiter=(
+                _env_nested_delimiter if _env_nested_delimiter is not None else self.__config__.env_nested_delimiter
+            ),
+            env_prefix_len=len(self.__config__.env_prefix),
+        )
+        file_secret_settings = SecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir=_secrets_dir or self.__config__.secrets_dir)
+        # Provide a hook to set built-in sources priority and add / remove sources
+        sources = self.__config__.customise_sources(
+            init_settings=init_settings, env_settings=env_settings, file_secret_settings=file_secret_settings
+        )
+        if sources:
+            return deep_update(*reversed([source(self) for source in sources]))
+        else:
+            # no one should mean to do this, but I think returning an empty dict is marginally preferable
+            # to an informative error and much better than a confusing error
+            return {}
+
+    class Config(BaseConfig):
+        env_prefix: str = ''
+        env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = None
+        env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None
+        env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None
+        secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None
+        validate_all: bool = True
+        extra: Extra = Extra.forbid
+        arbitrary_types_allowed: bool = True
+        case_sensitive: bool = False
+
+        @classmethod
+        def prepare_field(cls, field: ModelField) -> None:
+            env_names: Union[List[str], AbstractSet[str]]
+            field_info_from_config = cls.get_field_info(field.name)
+
+            env = field_info_from_config.get('env') or field.field_info.extra.get('env')
+            if env is None:
+                if field.has_alias:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        'aliases are no longer used by BaseSettings to define which environment variables to read. '
+                        'Instead use the "env" field setting. '
+                        'See https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/settings/#environment-variable-names',
+                        FutureWarning,
+                    )
+                env_names = {cls.env_prefix + field.name}
+            elif isinstance(env, str):
+                env_names = {env}
+            elif isinstance(env, (set, frozenset)):
+                env_names = env
+            elif sequence_like(env):
+                env_names = list(env)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f'invalid field env: {env!r} ({display_as_type(env)}); should be string, list or set')
+
+            if not cls.case_sensitive:
+                env_names = env_names.__class__(n.lower() for n in env_names)
+            field.field_info.extra['env_names'] = env_names
+
+        @classmethod
+        def customise_sources(
+            cls,
+            init_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
+            env_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
+            file_secret_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
+        ) -> Tuple[SettingsSourceCallable, ...]:
+            return init_settings, env_settings, file_secret_settings
+
+        @classmethod
+        def parse_env_var(cls, field_name: str, raw_val: str) -> Any:
+            return cls.json_loads(raw_val)
+
+    # populated by the metaclass using the Config class defined above, annotated here to help IDEs only
+    __config__: ClassVar[Type[Config]]
+
+
+class InitSettingsSource:
+    __slots__ = ('init_kwargs',)
+
+    def __init__(self, init_kwargs: Dict[str, Any]):
+        self.init_kwargs = init_kwargs
+
+    def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return self.init_kwargs
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'InitSettingsSource(init_kwargs={self.init_kwargs!r})'
+
+
+class EnvSettingsSource:
+    __slots__ = ('env_file', 'env_file_encoding', 'env_nested_delimiter', 'env_prefix_len')
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        env_file: Optional[DotenvType],
+        env_file_encoding: Optional[str],
+        env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
+        env_prefix_len: int = 0,
+    ):
+        self.env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = env_file
+        self.env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = env_file_encoding
+        self.env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = env_nested_delimiter
+        self.env_prefix_len: int = env_prefix_len
+
+    def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa C901
+        """
+        Build environment variables suitable for passing to the Model.
+        """
+        d: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        if settings.__config__.case_sensitive:
+            env_vars: Mapping[str, Optional[str]] = os.environ
+        else:
+            env_vars = {k.lower(): v for k, v in os.environ.items()}
+
+        dotenv_vars = self._read_env_files(settings.__config__.case_sensitive)
+        if dotenv_vars:
+            env_vars = {**dotenv_vars, **env_vars}
+
+        for field in settings.__fields__.values():
+            env_val: Optional[str] = None
+            for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']:
+                env_val = env_vars.get(env_name)
+                if env_val is not None:
+                    break
+
+            is_complex, allow_parse_failure = self.field_is_complex(field)
+            if is_complex:
+                if env_val is None:
+                    # field is complex but no value found so far, try explode_env_vars
+                    env_val_built = self.explode_env_vars(field, env_vars)
+                    if env_val_built:
+                        d[field.alias] = env_val_built
+                else:
+                    # field is complex and there's a value, decode that as JSON, then add explode_env_vars
+                    try:
+                        env_val = settings.__config__.parse_env_var(field.name, env_val)
+                    except ValueError as e:
+                        if not allow_parse_failure:
+                            raise SettingsError(f'error parsing env var "{env_name}"') from e
+
+                    if isinstance(env_val, dict):
+                        d[field.alias] = deep_update(env_val, self.explode_env_vars(field, env_vars))
+                    else:
+                        d[field.alias] = env_val
+            elif env_val is not None:
+                # simplest case, field is not complex, we only need to add the value if it was found
+                d[field.alias] = env_val
+
+        return d
+
+    def _read_env_files(self, case_sensitive: bool) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+        env_files = self.env_file
+        if env_files is None:
+            return {}
+
+        if isinstance(env_files, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            env_files = [env_files]
+
+        dotenv_vars = {}
+        for env_file in env_files:
+            env_path = Path(env_file).expanduser()
+            if env_path.is_file():
+                dotenv_vars.update(
+                    read_env_file(env_path, encoding=self.env_file_encoding, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+                )
+
+        return dotenv_vars
+
+    def field_is_complex(self, field: ModelField) -> Tuple[bool, bool]:
+        """
+        Find out if a field is complex, and if so whether JSON errors should be ignored
+        """
+        if lenient_issubclass(field.annotation, JsonWrapper):
+            return False, False
+
+        if field.is_complex():
+            allow_parse_failure = False
+        elif is_union(get_origin(field.type_)) and field.sub_fields and any(f.is_complex() for f in field.sub_fields):
+            allow_parse_failure = True
+        else:
+            return False, False
+
+        return True, allow_parse_failure
+
+    def explode_env_vars(self, field: ModelField, env_vars: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Process env_vars and extract the values of keys containing env_nested_delimiter into nested dictionaries.
+
+        This is applied to a single field, hence filtering by env_var prefix.
+        """
+        prefixes = [f'{env_name}{self.env_nested_delimiter}' for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']]
+        result: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for env_name, env_val in env_vars.items():
+            if not any(env_name.startswith(prefix) for prefix in prefixes):
+                continue
+            # we remove the prefix before splitting in case the prefix has characters in common with the delimiter
+            env_name_without_prefix = env_name[self.env_prefix_len :]
+            _, *keys, last_key = env_name_without_prefix.split(self.env_nested_delimiter)
+            env_var = result
+            for key in keys:
+                env_var = env_var.setdefault(key, {})
+            env_var[last_key] = env_val
+
+        return result
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f'EnvSettingsSource(env_file={self.env_file!r}, env_file_encoding={self.env_file_encoding!r}, '
+            f'env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r})'
+        )
+
+
+class SecretsSettingsSource:
+    __slots__ = ('secrets_dir',)
+
+    def __init__(self, secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath]):
+        self.secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = secrets_dir
+
+    def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Build fields from "secrets" files.
+        """
+        secrets: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+
+        if self.secrets_dir is None:
+            return secrets
+
+        secrets_path = Path(self.secrets_dir).expanduser()
+
+        if not secrets_path.exists():
+            warnings.warn(f'directory "{secrets_path}" does not exist')
+            return secrets
+
+        if not secrets_path.is_dir():
+            raise SettingsError(f'secrets_dir must reference a directory, not a {path_type(secrets_path)}')
+
+        for field in settings.__fields__.values():
+            for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']:
+                path = find_case_path(secrets_path, env_name, settings.__config__.case_sensitive)
+                if not path:
+                    # path does not exist, we currently don't return a warning for this
+                    continue
+
+                if path.is_file():
+                    secret_value = path.read_text().strip()
+                    if field.is_complex():
+                        try:
+                            secret_value = settings.__config__.parse_env_var(field.name, secret_value)
+                        except ValueError as e:
+                            raise SettingsError(f'error parsing env var "{env_name}"') from e
+
+                    secrets[field.alias] = secret_value
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'attempted to load secret file "{path}" but found a {path_type(path)} instead.',
+                        stacklevel=4,
+                    )
+        return secrets
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'SecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir={self.secrets_dir!r})'
+
+
+def read_env_file(
+    file_path: StrPath, *, encoding: str = None, case_sensitive: bool = False
+) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    try:
+        from dotenv import dotenv_values
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError('python-dotenv is not installed, run `pip install pydantic[dotenv]`') from e
+
+    file_vars: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = dotenv_values(file_path, encoding=encoding or 'utf8')
+    if not case_sensitive:
+        return {k.lower(): v for k, v in file_vars.items()}
+    else:
+        return file_vars
+
+
+def find_case_path(dir_path: Path, file_name: str, case_sensitive: bool) -> Optional[Path]:
+    """
+    Find a file within path's directory matching filename, optionally ignoring case.
+    """
+    for f in dir_path.iterdir():
+        if f.name == file_name:
+            return f
+        elif not case_sensitive and f.name.lower() == file_name.lower():
+            return f
+    return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/error_wrappers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/error_wrappers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc7f263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/error_wrappers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import json
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.json import pydantic_encoder
+from pydantic.v1.utils import Representation
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import ReprArgs
+
+    Loc = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+
+    class _ErrorDictRequired(TypedDict):
+        loc: Loc
+        msg: str
+        type: str
+
+    class ErrorDict(_ErrorDictRequired, total=False):
+        ctx: Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+__all__ = 'ErrorWrapper', 'ValidationError'
+
+
+class ErrorWrapper(Representation):
+    __slots__ = 'exc', '_loc'
+
+    def __init__(self, exc: Exception, loc: Union[str, 'Loc']) -> None:
+        self.exc = exc
+        self._loc = loc
+
+    def loc_tuple(self) -> 'Loc':
+        if isinstance(self._loc, tuple):
+            return self._loc
+        else:
+            return (self._loc,)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [('exc', self.exc), ('loc', self.loc_tuple())]
+
+
+# ErrorList is something like Union[List[Union[List[ErrorWrapper], ErrorWrapper]], ErrorWrapper]
+# but recursive, therefore just use:
+ErrorList = Union[Sequence[Any], ErrorWrapper]
+
+
+class ValidationError(Representation, ValueError):
+    __slots__ = 'raw_errors', 'model', '_error_cache'
+
+    def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[ErrorList], model: 'ModelOrDc') -> None:
+        self.raw_errors = errors
+        self.model = model
+        self._error_cache: Optional[List['ErrorDict']] = None
+
+    def errors(self) -> List['ErrorDict']:
+        if self._error_cache is None:
+            try:
+                config = self.model.__config__  # type: ignore
+            except AttributeError:
+                config = self.model.__pydantic_model__.__config__  # type: ignore
+            self._error_cache = list(flatten_errors(self.raw_errors, config))
+        return self._error_cache
+
+    def json(self, *, indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2) -> str:
+        return json.dumps(self.errors(), indent=indent, default=pydantic_encoder)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        errors = self.errors()
+        no_errors = len(errors)
+        return (
+            f'{no_errors} validation error{"" if no_errors == 1 else "s"} for {self.model.__name__}\n'
+            f'{display_errors(errors)}'
+        )
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [('model', self.model.__name__), ('errors', self.errors())]
+
+
+def display_errors(errors: List['ErrorDict']) -> str:
+    return '\n'.join(f'{_display_error_loc(e)}\n  {e["msg"]} ({_display_error_type_and_ctx(e)})' for e in errors)
+
+
+def _display_error_loc(error: 'ErrorDict') -> str:
+    return ' -> '.join(str(e) for e in error['loc'])
+
+
+def _display_error_type_and_ctx(error: 'ErrorDict') -> str:
+    t = 'type=' + error['type']
+    ctx = error.get('ctx')
+    if ctx:
+        return t + ''.join(f'; {k}={v}' for k, v in ctx.items())
+    else:
+        return t
+
+
+def flatten_errors(
+    errors: Sequence[Any], config: Type['BaseConfig'], loc: Optional['Loc'] = None
+) -> Generator['ErrorDict', None, None]:
+    for error in errors:
+        if isinstance(error, ErrorWrapper):
+            if loc:
+                error_loc = loc + error.loc_tuple()
+            else:
+                error_loc = error.loc_tuple()
+
+            if isinstance(error.exc, ValidationError):
+                yield from flatten_errors(error.exc.raw_errors, config, error_loc)
+            else:
+                yield error_dict(error.exc, config, error_loc)
+        elif isinstance(error, list):
+            yield from flatten_errors(error, config, loc=loc)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'Unknown error object: {error}')
+
+
+def error_dict(exc: Exception, config: Type['BaseConfig'], loc: 'Loc') -> 'ErrorDict':
+    type_ = get_exc_type(exc.__class__)
+    msg_template = config.error_msg_templates.get(type_) or getattr(exc, 'msg_template', None)
+    ctx = exc.__dict__
+    if msg_template:
+        msg = msg_template.format(**ctx)
+    else:
+        msg = str(exc)
+
+    d: 'ErrorDict' = {'loc': loc, 'msg': msg, 'type': type_}
+
+    if ctx:
+        d['ctx'] = ctx
+
+    return d
+
+
+_EXC_TYPE_CACHE: Dict[Type[Exception], str] = {}
+
+
+def get_exc_type(cls: Type[Exception]) -> str:
+    # slightly more efficient than using lru_cache since we don't need to worry about the cache filling up
+    try:
+        return _EXC_TYPE_CACHE[cls]
+    except KeyError:
+        r = _get_exc_type(cls)
+        _EXC_TYPE_CACHE[cls] = r
+        return r
+
+
+def _get_exc_type(cls: Type[Exception]) -> str:
+    if issubclass(cls, AssertionError):
+        return 'assertion_error'
+
+    base_name = 'type_error' if issubclass(cls, TypeError) else 'value_error'
+    if cls in (TypeError, ValueError):
+        # just TypeError or ValueError, no extra code
+        return base_name
+
+    # if it's not a TypeError or ValueError, we just take the lowercase of the exception name
+    # no chaining or snake case logic, use "code" for more complex error types.
+    code = getattr(cls, 'code', None) or cls.__name__.replace('Error', '').lower()
+    return base_name + '.' + code
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/errors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e86442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.typing import display_as_type
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import DictStrAny
+
+# explicitly state exports to avoid "from pydantic.v1.errors import *" also importing Decimal, Path etc.
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticTypeError',
+    'PydanticValueError',
+    'ConfigError',
+    'MissingError',
+    'ExtraError',
+    'NoneIsNotAllowedError',
+    'NoneIsAllowedError',
+    'WrongConstantError',
+    'NotNoneError',
+    'BoolError',
+    'BytesError',
+    'DictError',
+    'EmailError',
+    'UrlError',
+    'UrlSchemeError',
+    'UrlSchemePermittedError',
+    'UrlUserInfoError',
+    'UrlHostError',
+    'UrlHostTldError',
+    'UrlPortError',
+    'UrlExtraError',
+    'EnumError',
+    'IntEnumError',
+    'EnumMemberError',
+    'IntegerError',
+    'FloatError',
+    'PathError',
+    'PathNotExistsError',
+    'PathNotAFileError',
+    'PathNotADirectoryError',
+    'PyObjectError',
+    'SequenceError',
+    'ListError',
+    'SetError',
+    'FrozenSetError',
+    'TupleError',
+    'TupleLengthError',
+    'ListMinLengthError',
+    'ListMaxLengthError',
+    'ListUniqueItemsError',
+    'SetMinLengthError',
+    'SetMaxLengthError',
+    'FrozenSetMinLengthError',
+    'FrozenSetMaxLengthError',
+    'AnyStrMinLengthError',
+    'AnyStrMaxLengthError',
+    'StrError',
+    'StrRegexError',
+    'NumberNotGtError',
+    'NumberNotGeError',
+    'NumberNotLtError',
+    'NumberNotLeError',
+    'NumberNotMultipleError',
+    'DecimalError',
+    'DecimalIsNotFiniteError',
+    'DecimalMaxDigitsError',
+    'DecimalMaxPlacesError',
+    'DecimalWholeDigitsError',
+    'DateTimeError',
+    'DateError',
+    'DateNotInThePastError',
+    'DateNotInTheFutureError',
+    'TimeError',
+    'DurationError',
+    'HashableError',
+    'UUIDError',
+    'UUIDVersionError',
+    'ArbitraryTypeError',
+    'ClassError',
+    'SubclassError',
+    'JsonError',
+    'JsonTypeError',
+    'PatternError',
+    'DataclassTypeError',
+    'CallableError',
+    'IPvAnyAddressError',
+    'IPvAnyInterfaceError',
+    'IPvAnyNetworkError',
+    'IPv4AddressError',
+    'IPv6AddressError',
+    'IPv4NetworkError',
+    'IPv6NetworkError',
+    'IPv4InterfaceError',
+    'IPv6InterfaceError',
+    'ColorError',
+    'StrictBoolError',
+    'NotDigitError',
+    'LuhnValidationError',
+    'InvalidLengthForBrand',
+    'InvalidByteSize',
+    'InvalidByteSizeUnit',
+    'MissingDiscriminator',
+    'InvalidDiscriminator',
+)
+
+
+def cls_kwargs(cls: Type['PydanticErrorMixin'], ctx: 'DictStrAny') -> 'PydanticErrorMixin':
+    """
+    For built-in exceptions like ValueError or TypeError, we need to implement
+    __reduce__ to override the default behaviour (instead of __getstate__/__setstate__)
+    By default pickle protocol 2 calls `cls.__new__(cls, *args)`.
+    Since we only use kwargs, we need a little constructor to change that.
+    Note: the callable can't be a lambda as pickle looks in the namespace to find it
+    """
+    return cls(**ctx)
+
+
+class PydanticErrorMixin:
+    code: str
+    msg_template: str
+
+    def __init__(self, **ctx: Any) -> None:
+        self.__dict__ = ctx
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.msg_template.format(**self.__dict__)
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> Tuple[Callable[..., 'PydanticErrorMixin'], Tuple[Type['PydanticErrorMixin'], 'DictStrAny']]:
+        return cls_kwargs, (self.__class__, self.__dict__)
+
+
+class PydanticTypeError(PydanticErrorMixin, TypeError):
+    pass
+
+
+class PydanticValueError(PydanticErrorMixin, ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfigError(RuntimeError):
+    pass
+
+
+class MissingError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'field required'
+
+
+class ExtraError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'extra fields not permitted'
+
+
+class NoneIsNotAllowedError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'none.not_allowed'
+    msg_template = 'none is not an allowed value'
+
+
+class NoneIsAllowedError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'none.allowed'
+    msg_template = 'value is not none'
+
+
+class WrongConstantError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'const'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        permitted = ', '.join(repr(v) for v in self.permitted)  # type: ignore
+        return f'unexpected value; permitted: {permitted}'
+
+
+class NotNoneError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'not_none'
+    msg_template = 'value is not None'
+
+
+class BoolError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value could not be parsed to a boolean'
+
+
+class BytesError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'byte type expected'
+
+
+class DictError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid dict'
+
+
+class EmailError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid email address'
+
+
+class UrlError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'url'
+
+
+class UrlSchemeError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.scheme'
+    msg_template = 'invalid or missing URL scheme'
+
+
+class UrlSchemePermittedError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.scheme'
+    msg_template = 'URL scheme not permitted'
+
+    def __init__(self, allowed_schemes: Set[str]):
+        super().__init__(allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes)
+
+
+class UrlUserInfoError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.userinfo'
+    msg_template = 'userinfo required in URL but missing'
+
+
+class UrlHostError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.host'
+    msg_template = 'URL host invalid'
+
+
+class UrlHostTldError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.host'
+    msg_template = 'URL host invalid, top level domain required'
+
+
+class UrlPortError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.port'
+    msg_template = 'URL port invalid, port cannot exceed 65535'
+
+
+class UrlExtraError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.extra'
+    msg_template = 'URL invalid, extra characters found after valid URL: {extra!r}'
+
+
+class EnumMemberError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'enum'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        permitted = ', '.join(repr(v.value) for v in self.enum_values)  # type: ignore
+        return f'value is not a valid enumeration member; permitted: {permitted}'
+
+
+class IntegerError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid integer'
+
+
+class FloatError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid float'
+
+
+class PathError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid path'
+
+
+class _PathValueError(PydanticValueError):
+    def __init__(self, *, path: Path) -> None:
+        super().__init__(path=str(path))
+
+
+class PathNotExistsError(_PathValueError):
+    code = 'path.not_exists'
+    msg_template = 'file or directory at path "{path}" does not exist'
+
+
+class PathNotAFileError(_PathValueError):
+    code = 'path.not_a_file'
+    msg_template = 'path "{path}" does not point to a file'
+
+
+class PathNotADirectoryError(_PathValueError):
+    code = 'path.not_a_directory'
+    msg_template = 'path "{path}" does not point to a directory'
+
+
+class PyObjectError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value contains valid import path or valid callable: {error_message}'
+
+
+class SequenceError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid sequence'
+
+
+class IterableError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid iterable'
+
+
+class ListError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid list'
+
+
+class SetError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid set'
+
+
+class FrozenSetError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid frozenset'
+
+
+class DequeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid deque'
+
+
+class TupleError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid tuple'
+
+
+class TupleLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'tuple.length'
+    msg_template = 'wrong tuple length {actual_length}, expected {expected_length}'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, actual_length: int, expected_length: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(actual_length=actual_length, expected_length=expected_length)
+
+
+class ListMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'list.min_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class ListMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'list.max_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class ListUniqueItemsError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'list.unique_items'
+    msg_template = 'the list has duplicated items'
+
+
+class SetMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'set.min_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class SetMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'set.max_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class FrozenSetMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'frozenset.min_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class FrozenSetMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'frozenset.max_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class AnyStrMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'any_str.min_length'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} characters'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class AnyStrMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'any_str.max_length'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} characters'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class StrError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'str type expected'
+
+
+class StrRegexError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'str.regex'
+    msg_template = 'string does not match regex "{pattern}"'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, pattern: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(pattern=pattern)
+
+
+class _NumberBoundError(PydanticValueError):
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: Union[int, float, Decimal]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class NumberNotGtError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_gt'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is greater than {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotGeError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_ge'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is greater than or equal to {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotLtError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_lt'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is less than {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotLeError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_le'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is less than or equal to {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotFiniteError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'number.not_finite_number'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is a finite number'
+
+
+class NumberNotMultipleError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'number.not_multiple'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is a multiple of {multiple_of}'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, multiple_of: Union[int, float, Decimal]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(multiple_of=multiple_of)
+
+
+class DecimalError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid decimal'
+
+
+class DecimalIsNotFiniteError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.not_finite'
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid decimal'
+
+
+class DecimalMaxDigitsError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.max_digits'
+    msg_template = 'ensure that there are no more than {max_digits} digits in total'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, max_digits: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(max_digits=max_digits)
+
+
+class DecimalMaxPlacesError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.max_places'
+    msg_template = 'ensure that there are no more than {decimal_places} decimal places'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, decimal_places: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(decimal_places=decimal_places)
+
+
+class DecimalWholeDigitsError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.whole_digits'
+    msg_template = 'ensure that there are no more than {whole_digits} digits before the decimal point'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, whole_digits: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(whole_digits=whole_digits)
+
+
+class DateTimeError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid datetime format'
+
+
+class DateError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid date format'
+
+
+class DateNotInThePastError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'date.not_in_the_past'
+    msg_template = 'date is not in the past'
+
+
+class DateNotInTheFutureError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'date.not_in_the_future'
+    msg_template = 'date is not in the future'
+
+
+class TimeError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid time format'
+
+
+class DurationError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid duration format'
+
+
+class HashableError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid hashable'
+
+
+class UUIDError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid uuid'
+
+
+class UUIDVersionError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'uuid.version'
+    msg_template = 'uuid version {required_version} expected'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, required_version: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(required_version=required_version)
+
+
+class ArbitraryTypeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'arbitrary_type'
+    msg_template = 'instance of {expected_arbitrary_type} expected'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, expected_arbitrary_type: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(expected_arbitrary_type=display_as_type(expected_arbitrary_type))
+
+
+class ClassError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'class'
+    msg_template = 'a class is expected'
+
+
+class SubclassError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'subclass'
+    msg_template = 'subclass of {expected_class} expected'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, expected_class: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(expected_class=display_as_type(expected_class))
+
+
+class JsonError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'Invalid JSON'
+
+
+class JsonTypeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'json'
+    msg_template = 'JSON object must be str, bytes or bytearray'
+
+
+class PatternError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'regex_pattern'
+    msg_template = 'Invalid regular expression'
+
+
+class DataclassTypeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'dataclass'
+    msg_template = 'instance of {class_name}, tuple or dict expected'
+
+
+class CallableError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = '{value} is not callable'
+
+
+class EnumError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'enum_instance'
+    msg_template = '{value} is not a valid Enum instance'
+
+
+class IntEnumError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'int_enum_instance'
+    msg_template = '{value} is not a valid IntEnum instance'
+
+
+class IPvAnyAddressError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address'
+
+
+class IPvAnyInterfaceError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 interface'
+
+
+class IPvAnyNetworkError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 network'
+
+
+class IPv4AddressError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 address'
+
+
+class IPv6AddressError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv6 address'
+
+
+class IPv4NetworkError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 network'
+
+
+class IPv6NetworkError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv6 network'
+
+
+class IPv4InterfaceError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 interface'
+
+
+class IPv6InterfaceError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv6 interface'
+
+
+class ColorError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid color: {reason}'
+
+
+class StrictBoolError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid boolean'
+
+
+class NotDigitError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'payment_card_number.digits'
+    msg_template = 'card number is not all digits'
+
+
+class LuhnValidationError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'payment_card_number.luhn_check'
+    msg_template = 'card number is not luhn valid'
+
+
+class InvalidLengthForBrand(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'payment_card_number.invalid_length_for_brand'
+    msg_template = 'Length for a {brand} card must be {required_length}'
+
+
+class InvalidByteSize(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'could not parse value and unit from byte string'
+
+
+class InvalidByteSizeUnit(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'could not interpret byte unit: {unit}'
+
+
+class MissingDiscriminator(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'discriminated_union.missing_discriminator'
+    msg_template = 'Discriminator {discriminator_key!r} is missing in value'
+
+
+class InvalidDiscriminator(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'discriminated_union.invalid_discriminator'
+    msg_template = (
+        'No match for discriminator {discriminator_key!r} and value {discriminator_value!r} '
+        '(allowed values: {allowed_values})'
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *, discriminator_key: str, discriminator_value: Any, allowed_values: Sequence[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            discriminator_key=discriminator_key,
+            discriminator_value=discriminator_value,
+            allowed_values=', '.join(map(repr, allowed_values)),
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/fields.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..002b60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+import copy
+import re
+from collections import Counter as CollectionCounter, defaultdict, deque
+from collections.abc import Callable, Hashable as CollectionsHashable, Iterable as CollectionsIterable
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Counter,
+    DefaultDict,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Final
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors as errors_
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import Validator, make_generic_validator, prep_validators
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError, InvalidDiscriminator, MissingDiscriminator, NoneIsNotAllowedError
+from pydantic.v1.types import Json, JsonWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    NoArgAnyCallable,
+    convert_generics,
+    display_as_type,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    is_finalvar,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_new_type,
+    is_none_type,
+    is_typeddict,
+    is_typeddict_special,
+    is_union,
+    new_type_supertype,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import (
+    PyObjectStr,
+    Representation,
+    ValueItems,
+    get_discriminator_alias_and_values,
+    get_unique_discriminator_alias,
+    lenient_isinstance,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+    sequence_like,
+    smart_deepcopy,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.validators import constant_validator, dict_validator, find_validators, validate_json
+
+Required: Any = Ellipsis
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class UndefinedType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return 'PydanticUndefined'
+
+    def __copy__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> str:
+        return 'Undefined'
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self: T, _: Any) -> T:
+        return self
+
+
+Undefined = UndefinedType()
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.class_validators import ValidatorsList
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ErrorList
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny, ReprArgs
+
+    ValidateReturn = Tuple[Optional[Any], Optional[ErrorList]]
+    LocStr = Union[Tuple[Union[int, str], ...], str]
+    BoolUndefined = Union[bool, UndefinedType]
+
+
+class FieldInfo(Representation):
+    """
+    Captures extra information about a field.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'default',
+        'default_factory',
+        'alias',
+        'alias_priority',
+        'title',
+        'description',
+        'exclude',
+        'include',
+        'const',
+        'gt',
+        'ge',
+        'lt',
+        'le',
+        'multiple_of',
+        'allow_inf_nan',
+        'max_digits',
+        'decimal_places',
+        'min_items',
+        'max_items',
+        'unique_items',
+        'min_length',
+        'max_length',
+        'allow_mutation',
+        'repr',
+        'regex',
+        'discriminator',
+        'extra',
+    )
+
+    # field constraints with the default value, it's also used in update_from_config below
+    __field_constraints__ = {
+        'min_length': None,
+        'max_length': None,
+        'regex': None,
+        'gt': None,
+        'lt': None,
+        'ge': None,
+        'le': None,
+        'multiple_of': None,
+        'allow_inf_nan': None,
+        'max_digits': None,
+        'decimal_places': None,
+        'min_items': None,
+        'max_items': None,
+        'unique_items': None,
+        'allow_mutation': True,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, default: Any = Undefined, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.default = default
+        self.default_factory = kwargs.pop('default_factory', None)
+        self.alias = kwargs.pop('alias', None)
+        self.alias_priority = kwargs.pop('alias_priority', 2 if self.alias is not None else None)
+        self.title = kwargs.pop('title', None)
+        self.description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
+        self.exclude = kwargs.pop('exclude', None)
+        self.include = kwargs.pop('include', None)
+        self.const = kwargs.pop('const', None)
+        self.gt = kwargs.pop('gt', None)
+        self.ge = kwargs.pop('ge', None)
+        self.lt = kwargs.pop('lt', None)
+        self.le = kwargs.pop('le', None)
+        self.multiple_of = kwargs.pop('multiple_of', None)
+        self.allow_inf_nan = kwargs.pop('allow_inf_nan', None)
+        self.max_digits = kwargs.pop('max_digits', None)
+        self.decimal_places = kwargs.pop('decimal_places', None)
+        self.min_items = kwargs.pop('min_items', None)
+        self.max_items = kwargs.pop('max_items', None)
+        self.unique_items = kwargs.pop('unique_items', None)
+        self.min_length = kwargs.pop('min_length', None)
+        self.max_length = kwargs.pop('max_length', None)
+        self.allow_mutation = kwargs.pop('allow_mutation', True)
+        self.regex = kwargs.pop('regex', None)
+        self.discriminator = kwargs.pop('discriminator', None)
+        self.repr = kwargs.pop('repr', True)
+        self.extra = kwargs
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        field_defaults_to_hide: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            'repr': True,
+            **self.__field_constraints__,
+        }
+
+        attrs = ((s, getattr(self, s)) for s in self.__slots__)
+        return [(a, v) for a, v in attrs if v != field_defaults_to_hide.get(a, None)]
+
+    def get_constraints(self) -> Set[str]:
+        """
+        Gets the constraints set on the field by comparing the constraint value with its default value
+
+        :return: the constraints set on field_info
+        """
+        return {attr for attr, default in self.__field_constraints__.items() if getattr(self, attr) != default}
+
+    def update_from_config(self, from_config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """
+        Update this FieldInfo based on a dict from get_field_info, only fields which have not been set are dated.
+        """
+        for attr_name, value in from_config.items():
+            try:
+                current_value = getattr(self, attr_name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                # attr_name is not an attribute of FieldInfo, it should therefore be added to extra
+                # (except if extra already has this value!)
+                self.extra.setdefault(attr_name, value)
+            else:
+                if current_value is self.__field_constraints__.get(attr_name, None):
+                    setattr(self, attr_name, value)
+                elif attr_name == 'exclude':
+                    self.exclude = ValueItems.merge(value, current_value)
+                elif attr_name == 'include':
+                    self.include = ValueItems.merge(value, current_value, intersect=True)
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        if self.default is not Undefined and self.default_factory is not None:
+            raise ValueError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+
+def Field(
+    default: Any = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
+    alias: Optional[str] = None,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    description: Optional[str] = None,
+    exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny', Any]] = None,
+    include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny', Any]] = None,
+    const: Optional[bool] = None,
+    gt: Optional[float] = None,
+    ge: Optional[float] = None,
+    lt: Optional[float] = None,
+    le: Optional[float] = None,
+    multiple_of: Optional[float] = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: Optional[bool] = None,
+    max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
+    decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None,
+    unique_items: Optional[bool] = None,
+    min_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    allow_mutation: bool = True,
+    regex: Optional[str] = None,
+    discriminator: Optional[str] = None,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    **extra: Any,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Used to provide extra information about a field, either for the model schema or complex validation. Some arguments
+    apply only to number fields (``int``, ``float``, ``Decimal``) and some apply only to ``str``.
+
+    :param default: since this is replacing the field’s default, its first argument is used
+      to set the default, use ellipsis (``...``) to indicate the field is required
+    :param default_factory: callable that will be called when a default value is needed for this field
+      If both `default` and `default_factory` are set, an error is raised.
+    :param alias: the public name of the field
+    :param title: can be any string, used in the schema
+    :param description: can be any string, used in the schema
+    :param exclude: exclude this field while dumping.
+      Takes same values as the ``include`` and ``exclude`` arguments on the ``.dict`` method.
+    :param include: include this field while dumping.
+      Takes same values as the ``include`` and ``exclude`` arguments on the ``.dict`` method.
+    :param const: this field is required and *must* take it's default value
+    :param gt: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "greater than". The schema
+      will have an ``exclusiveMinimum`` validation keyword
+    :param ge: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "greater than or equal to". The
+      schema will have a ``minimum`` validation keyword
+    :param lt: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "less than". The schema
+      will have an ``exclusiveMaximum`` validation keyword
+    :param le: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "less than or equal to". The
+      schema will have a ``maximum`` validation keyword
+    :param multiple_of: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "a multiple of". The
+      schema will have a ``multipleOf`` validation keyword
+    :param allow_inf_nan: only applies to numbers, allows the field to be NaN or infinity (+inf or -inf),
+        which is a valid Python float. Default True, set to False for compatibility with JSON.
+    :param max_digits: only applies to Decimals, requires the field to have a maximum number
+      of digits within the decimal. It does not include a zero before the decimal point or trailing decimal zeroes.
+    :param decimal_places: only applies to Decimals, requires the field to have at most a number of decimal places
+      allowed. It does not include trailing decimal zeroes.
+    :param min_items: only applies to lists, requires the field to have a minimum number of
+      elements. The schema will have a ``minItems`` validation keyword
+    :param max_items: only applies to lists, requires the field to have a maximum number of
+      elements. The schema will have a ``maxItems`` validation keyword
+    :param unique_items: only applies to lists, requires the field not to have duplicated
+      elements. The schema will have a ``uniqueItems`` validation keyword
+    :param min_length: only applies to strings, requires the field to have a minimum length. The
+      schema will have a ``minLength`` validation keyword
+    :param max_length: only applies to strings, requires the field to have a maximum length. The
+      schema will have a ``maxLength`` validation keyword
+    :param allow_mutation: a boolean which defaults to True. When False, the field raises a TypeError if the field is
+      assigned on an instance.  The BaseModel Config must set validate_assignment to True
+    :param regex: only applies to strings, requires the field match against a regular expression
+      pattern string. The schema will have a ``pattern`` validation keyword
+    :param discriminator: only useful with a (discriminated a.k.a. tagged) `Union` of sub models with a common field.
+      The `discriminator` is the name of this common field to shorten validation and improve generated schema
+    :param repr: show this field in the representation
+    :param **extra: any additional keyword arguments will be added as is to the schema
+    """
+    field_info = FieldInfo(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        include=include,
+        const=const,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        min_items=min_items,
+        max_items=max_items,
+        unique_items=unique_items,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allow_mutation=allow_mutation,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        repr=repr,
+        **extra,
+    )
+    field_info._validate()
+    return field_info
+
+
+# used to be an enum but changed to int's for small performance improvement as less access overhead
+SHAPE_SINGLETON = 1
+SHAPE_LIST = 2
+SHAPE_SET = 3
+SHAPE_MAPPING = 4
+SHAPE_TUPLE = 5
+SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS = 6
+SHAPE_SEQUENCE = 7
+SHAPE_FROZENSET = 8
+SHAPE_ITERABLE = 9
+SHAPE_GENERIC = 10
+SHAPE_DEQUE = 11
+SHAPE_DICT = 12
+SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT = 13
+SHAPE_COUNTER = 14
+SHAPE_NAME_LOOKUP = {
+    SHAPE_LIST: 'List[{}]',
+    SHAPE_SET: 'Set[{}]',
+    SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS: 'Tuple[{}, ...]',
+    SHAPE_SEQUENCE: 'Sequence[{}]',
+    SHAPE_FROZENSET: 'FrozenSet[{}]',
+    SHAPE_ITERABLE: 'Iterable[{}]',
+    SHAPE_DEQUE: 'Deque[{}]',
+    SHAPE_DICT: 'Dict[{}]',
+    SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT: 'DefaultDict[{}]',
+    SHAPE_COUNTER: 'Counter[{}]',
+}
+
+MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES: Set[int] = {SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT, SHAPE_DICT, SHAPE_MAPPING, SHAPE_COUNTER}
+
+
+class ModelField(Representation):
+    __slots__ = (
+        'type_',
+        'outer_type_',
+        'annotation',
+        'sub_fields',
+        'sub_fields_mapping',
+        'key_field',
+        'validators',
+        'pre_validators',
+        'post_validators',
+        'default',
+        'default_factory',
+        'required',
+        'final',
+        'model_config',
+        'name',
+        'alias',
+        'has_alias',
+        'field_info',
+        'discriminator_key',
+        'discriminator_alias',
+        'validate_always',
+        'allow_none',
+        'shape',
+        'class_validators',
+        'parse_json',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        type_: Type[Any],
+        class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]],
+        model_config: Type['BaseConfig'],
+        default: Any = None,
+        default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
+        required: 'BoolUndefined' = Undefined,
+        final: bool = False,
+        alias: Optional[str] = None,
+        field_info: Optional[FieldInfo] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name: str = name
+        self.has_alias: bool = alias is not None
+        self.alias: str = alias if alias is not None else name
+        self.annotation = type_
+        self.type_: Any = convert_generics(type_)
+        self.outer_type_: Any = type_
+        self.class_validators = class_validators or {}
+        self.default: Any = default
+        self.default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = default_factory
+        self.required: 'BoolUndefined' = required
+        self.final: bool = final
+        self.model_config = model_config
+        self.field_info: FieldInfo = field_info or FieldInfo(default)
+        self.discriminator_key: Optional[str] = self.field_info.discriminator
+        self.discriminator_alias: Optional[str] = self.discriminator_key
+
+        self.allow_none: bool = False
+        self.validate_always: bool = False
+        self.sub_fields: Optional[List[ModelField]] = None
+        self.sub_fields_mapping: Optional[Dict[str, 'ModelField']] = None  # used for discriminated union
+        self.key_field: Optional[ModelField] = None
+        self.validators: 'ValidatorsList' = []
+        self.pre_validators: Optional['ValidatorsList'] = None
+        self.post_validators: Optional['ValidatorsList'] = None
+        self.parse_json: bool = False
+        self.shape: int = SHAPE_SINGLETON
+        self.model_config.prepare_field(self)
+        self.prepare()
+
+    def get_default(self) -> Any:
+        return smart_deepcopy(self.default) if self.default_factory is None else self.default_factory()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_field_info(
+        field_name: str, annotation: Any, value: Any, config: Type['BaseConfig']
+    ) -> Tuple[FieldInfo, Any]:
+        """
+        Get a FieldInfo from a root typing.Annotated annotation, value, or config default.
+
+        The FieldInfo may be set in typing.Annotated or the value, but not both. If neither contain
+        a FieldInfo, a new one will be created using the config.
+
+        :param field_name: name of the field for use in error messages
+        :param annotation: a type hint such as `str` or `Annotated[str, Field(..., min_length=5)]`
+        :param value: the field's assigned value
+        :param config: the model's config object
+        :return: the FieldInfo contained in the `annotation`, the value, or a new one from the config.
+        """
+        field_info_from_config = config.get_field_info(field_name)
+
+        field_info = None
+        if get_origin(annotation) is Annotated:
+            field_infos = [arg for arg in get_args(annotation)[1:] if isinstance(arg, FieldInfo)]
+            if len(field_infos) > 1:
+                raise ValueError(f'cannot specify multiple `Annotated` `Field`s for {field_name!r}')
+            field_info = next(iter(field_infos), None)
+            if field_info is not None:
+                field_info = copy.copy(field_info)
+                field_info.update_from_config(field_info_from_config)
+                if field_info.default not in (Undefined, Required):
+                    raise ValueError(f'`Field` default cannot be set in `Annotated` for {field_name!r}')
+                if value is not Undefined and value is not Required:
+                    # check also `Required` because of `validate_arguments` that sets `...` as default value
+                    field_info.default = value
+
+        if isinstance(value, FieldInfo):
+            if field_info is not None:
+                raise ValueError(f'cannot specify `Annotated` and value `Field`s together for {field_name!r}')
+            field_info = value
+            field_info.update_from_config(field_info_from_config)
+        elif field_info is None:
+            field_info = FieldInfo(value, **field_info_from_config)
+        value = None if field_info.default_factory is not None else field_info.default
+        field_info._validate()
+        return field_info, value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def infer(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        value: Any,
+        annotation: Any,
+        class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]],
+        config: Type['BaseConfig'],
+    ) -> 'ModelField':
+        from pydantic.v1.schema import get_annotation_from_field_info
+
+        field_info, value = cls._get_field_info(name, annotation, value, config)
+        required: 'BoolUndefined' = Undefined
+        if value is Required:
+            required = True
+            value = None
+        elif value is not Undefined:
+            required = False
+        annotation = get_annotation_from_field_info(annotation, field_info, name, config.validate_assignment)
+
+        return cls(
+            name=name,
+            type_=annotation,
+            alias=field_info.alias,
+            class_validators=class_validators,
+            default=value,
+            default_factory=field_info.default_factory,
+            required=required,
+            model_config=config,
+            field_info=field_info,
+        )
+
+    def set_config(self, config: Type['BaseConfig']) -> None:
+        self.model_config = config
+        info_from_config = config.get_field_info(self.name)
+        config.prepare_field(self)
+        new_alias = info_from_config.get('alias')
+        new_alias_priority = info_from_config.get('alias_priority') or 0
+        if new_alias and new_alias_priority >= (self.field_info.alias_priority or 0):
+            self.field_info.alias = new_alias
+            self.field_info.alias_priority = new_alias_priority
+            self.alias = new_alias
+        new_exclude = info_from_config.get('exclude')
+        if new_exclude is not None:
+            self.field_info.exclude = ValueItems.merge(self.field_info.exclude, new_exclude)
+        new_include = info_from_config.get('include')
+        if new_include is not None:
+            self.field_info.include = ValueItems.merge(self.field_info.include, new_include, intersect=True)
+
+    @property
+    def alt_alias(self) -> bool:
+        return self.name != self.alias
+
+    def prepare(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Prepare the field but inspecting self.default, self.type_ etc.
+
+        Note: this method is **not** idempotent (because _type_analysis is not idempotent),
+        e.g. calling it it multiple times may modify the field and configure it incorrectly.
+        """
+        self._set_default_and_type()
+        if self.type_.__class__ is ForwardRef or self.type_.__class__ is DeferredType:
+            # self.type_ is currently a ForwardRef and there's nothing we can do now,
+            # user will need to call model.update_forward_refs()
+            return
+
+        self._type_analysis()
+        if self.required is Undefined:
+            self.required = True
+        if self.default is Undefined and self.default_factory is None:
+            self.default = None
+        self.populate_validators()
+
+    def _set_default_and_type(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the default value, infer the type if needed and check if `None` value is valid.
+        """
+        if self.default_factory is not None:
+            if self.type_ is Undefined:
+                raise errors_.ConfigError(
+                    f'you need to set the type of field {self.name!r} when using `default_factory`'
+                )
+            return
+
+        default_value = self.get_default()
+
+        if default_value is not None and self.type_ is Undefined:
+            self.type_ = default_value.__class__
+            self.outer_type_ = self.type_
+            self.annotation = self.type_
+
+        if self.type_ is Undefined:
+            raise errors_.ConfigError(f'unable to infer type for attribute "{self.name}"')
+
+        if self.required is False and default_value is None:
+            self.allow_none = True
+
+    def _type_analysis(self) -> None:  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        # typing interface is horrible, we have to do some ugly checks
+        if lenient_issubclass(self.type_, JsonWrapper):
+            self.type_ = self.type_.inner_type
+            self.parse_json = True
+        elif lenient_issubclass(self.type_, Json):
+            self.type_ = Any
+            self.parse_json = True
+        elif isinstance(self.type_, TypeVar):
+            if self.type_.__bound__:
+                self.type_ = self.type_.__bound__
+            elif self.type_.__constraints__:
+                self.type_ = Union[self.type_.__constraints__]
+            else:
+                self.type_ = Any
+        elif is_new_type(self.type_):
+            self.type_ = new_type_supertype(self.type_)
+
+        if self.type_ is Any or self.type_ is object:
+            if self.required is Undefined:
+                self.required = False
+            self.allow_none = True
+            return
+        elif self.type_ is Pattern or self.type_ is re.Pattern:
+            # python 3.7 only, Pattern is a typing object but without sub fields
+            return
+        elif is_literal_type(self.type_):
+            return
+        elif is_typeddict(self.type_):
+            return
+
+        if is_finalvar(self.type_):
+            self.final = True
+
+            if self.type_ is Final:
+                self.type_ = Any
+            else:
+                self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+
+            self._type_analysis()
+            return
+
+        origin = get_origin(self.type_)
+
+        if origin is Annotated or is_typeddict_special(origin):
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self._type_analysis()
+            return
+
+        if self.discriminator_key is not None and not is_union(origin):
+            raise TypeError('`discriminator` can only be used with `Union` type with more than one variant')
+
+        # add extra check for `collections.abc.Hashable` for python 3.10+ where origin is not `None`
+        if origin is None or origin is CollectionsHashable:
+            # field is not "typing" object eg. Union, Dict, List etc.
+            # allow None for virtual superclasses of NoneType, e.g. Hashable
+            if isinstance(self.type_, type) and isinstance(None, self.type_):
+                self.allow_none = True
+            return
+        elif origin is Callable:
+            return
+        elif is_union(origin):
+            types_ = []
+            for type_ in get_args(self.type_):
+                if is_none_type(type_) or type_ is Any or type_ is object:
+                    if self.required is Undefined:
+                        self.required = False
+                    self.allow_none = True
+                if is_none_type(type_):
+                    continue
+                types_.append(type_)
+
+            if len(types_) == 1:
+                # Optional[]
+                self.type_ = types_[0]
+                # this is the one case where the "outer type" isn't just the original type
+                self.outer_type_ = self.type_
+                # re-run to correctly interpret the new self.type_
+                self._type_analysis()
+            else:
+                self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(t, f'{self.name}_{display_as_type(t)}') for t in types_]
+
+                if self.discriminator_key is not None:
+                    self.prepare_discriminated_union_sub_fields()
+            return
+        elif issubclass(origin, Tuple):  # type: ignore
+            # origin == Tuple without item type
+            args = get_args(self.type_)
+            if not args:  # plain tuple
+                self.type_ = Any
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS
+            elif len(args) == 2 and args[1] is Ellipsis:  # e.g. Tuple[int, ...]
+                self.type_ = args[0]
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS
+                self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(args[0], f'{self.name}_0')]
+            elif args == ((),):  # Tuple[()] means empty tuple
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE
+                self.type_ = Any
+                self.sub_fields = []
+            else:
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE
+                self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(t, f'{self.name}_{i}') for i, t in enumerate(args)]
+            return
+        elif issubclass(origin, List):
+            # Create self validators
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            if get_validators:
+                self.class_validators.update(
+                    {f'list_{i}': Validator(validator, pre=True) for i, validator in enumerate(get_validators())}
+                )
+
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_LIST
+        elif issubclass(origin, Set):
+            # Create self validators
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            if get_validators:
+                self.class_validators.update(
+                    {f'set_{i}': Validator(validator, pre=True) for i, validator in enumerate(get_validators())}
+                )
+
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_SET
+        elif issubclass(origin, FrozenSet):
+            # Create self validators
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            if get_validators:
+                self.class_validators.update(
+                    {f'frozenset_{i}': Validator(validator, pre=True) for i, validator in enumerate(get_validators())}
+                )
+
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_FROZENSET
+        elif issubclass(origin, Deque):
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_DEQUE
+        elif issubclass(origin, Sequence):
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_SEQUENCE
+        # priority to most common mapping: dict
+        elif origin is dict or origin is Dict:
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[1]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_DICT
+        elif issubclass(origin, DefaultDict):
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[1]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT
+        elif issubclass(origin, Counter):
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = int
+            self.shape = SHAPE_COUNTER
+        elif issubclass(origin, Mapping):
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[1]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_MAPPING
+        # Equality check as almost everything inherits form Iterable, including str
+        # check for Iterable and CollectionsIterable, as it could receive one even when declared with the other
+        elif origin in {Iterable, CollectionsIterable}:
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_ITERABLE
+            self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(self.type_, f'{self.name}_type')]
+        elif issubclass(origin, Type):  # type: ignore
+            return
+        elif hasattr(origin, '__get_validators__') or self.model_config.arbitrary_types_allowed:
+            # Is a Pydantic-compatible generic that handles itself
+            # or we have arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+            self.shape = SHAPE_GENERIC
+            self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(t, f'{self.name}_{i}') for i, t in enumerate(get_args(self.type_))]
+            self.type_ = origin
+            return
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Fields of type "{origin}" are not supported.')
+
+        # type_ has been refined eg. as the type of a List and sub_fields needs to be populated
+        self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(self.type_, '_' + self.name)]
+
+    def prepare_discriminated_union_sub_fields(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Prepare the mapping <discriminator key> -> <ModelField> and update `sub_fields`
+        Note that this process can be aborted if a `ForwardRef` is encountered
+        """
+        assert self.discriminator_key is not None
+
+        if self.type_.__class__ is DeferredType:
+            return
+
+        assert self.sub_fields is not None
+        sub_fields_mapping: Dict[str, 'ModelField'] = {}
+        all_aliases: Set[str] = set()
+
+        for sub_field in self.sub_fields:
+            t = sub_field.type_
+            if t.__class__ is ForwardRef:
+                # Stopping everything...will need to call `update_forward_refs`
+                return
+
+            alias, discriminator_values = get_discriminator_alias_and_values(t, self.discriminator_key)
+            all_aliases.add(alias)
+            for discriminator_value in discriminator_values:
+                sub_fields_mapping[discriminator_value] = sub_field
+
+        self.sub_fields_mapping = sub_fields_mapping
+        self.discriminator_alias = get_unique_discriminator_alias(all_aliases, self.discriminator_key)
+
+    def _create_sub_type(self, type_: Type[Any], name: str, *, for_keys: bool = False) -> 'ModelField':
+        if for_keys:
+            class_validators = None
+        else:
+            # validators for sub items should not have `each_item` as we want to check only the first sublevel
+            class_validators = {
+                k: Validator(
+                    func=v.func,
+                    pre=v.pre,
+                    each_item=False,
+                    always=v.always,
+                    check_fields=v.check_fields,
+                    skip_on_failure=v.skip_on_failure,
+                )
+                for k, v in self.class_validators.items()
+                if v.each_item
+            }
+
+        field_info, _ = self._get_field_info(name, type_, None, self.model_config)
+
+        return self.__class__(
+            type_=type_,
+            name=name,
+            class_validators=class_validators,
+            model_config=self.model_config,
+            field_info=field_info,
+        )
+
+    def populate_validators(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Prepare self.pre_validators, self.validators, and self.post_validators based on self.type_'s  __get_validators__
+        and class validators. This method should be idempotent, e.g. it should be safe to call multiple times
+        without mis-configuring the field.
+        """
+        self.validate_always = getattr(self.type_, 'validate_always', False) or any(
+            v.always for v in self.class_validators.values()
+        )
+
+        class_validators_ = self.class_validators.values()
+        if not self.sub_fields or self.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            v_funcs = (
+                *[v.func for v in class_validators_ if v.each_item and v.pre],
+                *(get_validators() if get_validators else list(find_validators(self.type_, self.model_config))),
+                *[v.func for v in class_validators_ if v.each_item and not v.pre],
+            )
+            self.validators = prep_validators(v_funcs)
+
+        self.pre_validators = []
+        self.post_validators = []
+
+        if self.field_info and self.field_info.const:
+            self.post_validators.append(make_generic_validator(constant_validator))
+
+        if class_validators_:
+            self.pre_validators += prep_validators(v.func for v in class_validators_ if not v.each_item and v.pre)
+            self.post_validators += prep_validators(v.func for v in class_validators_ if not v.each_item and not v.pre)
+
+        if self.parse_json:
+            self.pre_validators.append(make_generic_validator(validate_json))
+
+        self.pre_validators = self.pre_validators or None
+        self.post_validators = self.post_validators or None
+
+    def validate(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], *, loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc'] = None
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        assert self.type_.__class__ is not DeferredType
+
+        if self.type_.__class__ is ForwardRef:
+            assert cls is not None
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'field "{self.name}" not yet prepared so type is still a ForwardRef, '
+                f'you might need to call {cls.__name__}.update_forward_refs().'
+            )
+
+        errors: Optional['ErrorList']
+        if self.pre_validators:
+            v, errors = self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.pre_validators)
+            if errors:
+                return v, errors
+
+        if v is None:
+            if is_none_type(self.type_):
+                # keep validating
+                pass
+            elif self.allow_none:
+                if self.post_validators:
+                    return self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.post_validators)
+                else:
+                    return None, None
+            else:
+                return v, ErrorWrapper(NoneIsNotAllowedError(), loc)
+
+        if self.shape == SHAPE_SINGLETON:
+            v, errors = self._validate_singleton(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES:
+            v, errors = self._validate_mapping_like(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE:
+            v, errors = self._validate_tuple(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_ITERABLE:
+            v, errors = self._validate_iterable(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            v, errors = self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.validators)
+        else:
+            #  sequence, list, set, generator, tuple with ellipsis, frozen set
+            v, errors = self._validate_sequence_like(v, values, loc, cls)
+
+        if not errors and self.post_validators:
+            v, errors = self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.post_validators)
+        return v, errors
+
+    def _validate_sequence_like(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        """
+        Validate sequence-like containers: lists, tuples, sets and generators
+        Note that large if-else blocks are necessary to enable Cython
+        optimization, which is why we disable the complexity check above.
+        """
+        if not sequence_like(v):
+            e: errors_.PydanticTypeError
+            if self.shape == SHAPE_LIST:
+                e = errors_.ListError()
+            elif self.shape in (SHAPE_TUPLE, SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS):
+                e = errors_.TupleError()
+            elif self.shape == SHAPE_SET:
+                e = errors_.SetError()
+            elif self.shape == SHAPE_FROZENSET:
+                e = errors_.FrozenSetError()
+            else:
+                e = errors_.SequenceError()
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(e, loc)
+
+        loc = loc if isinstance(loc, tuple) else (loc,)
+        result = []
+        errors: List[ErrorList] = []
+        for i, v_ in enumerate(v):
+            v_loc = *loc, i
+            r, ee = self._validate_singleton(v_, values, v_loc, cls)
+            if ee:
+                errors.append(ee)
+            else:
+                result.append(r)
+
+        if errors:
+            return v, errors
+
+        converted: Union[List[Any], Set[Any], FrozenSet[Any], Tuple[Any, ...], Iterator[Any], Deque[Any]] = result
+
+        if self.shape == SHAPE_SET:
+            converted = set(result)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_FROZENSET:
+            converted = frozenset(result)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS:
+            converted = tuple(result)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_DEQUE:
+            converted = deque(result, maxlen=getattr(v, 'maxlen', None))
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_SEQUENCE:
+            if isinstance(v, tuple):
+                converted = tuple(result)
+            elif isinstance(v, set):
+                converted = set(result)
+            elif isinstance(v, Generator):
+                converted = iter(result)
+            elif isinstance(v, deque):
+                converted = deque(result, maxlen=getattr(v, 'maxlen', None))
+        return converted, None
+
+    def _validate_iterable(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        """
+        Validate Iterables.
+
+        This intentionally doesn't validate values to allow infinite generators.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            iterable = iter(v)
+        except TypeError:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(errors_.IterableError(), loc)
+        return iterable, None
+
+    def _validate_tuple(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        e: Optional[Exception] = None
+        if not sequence_like(v):
+            e = errors_.TupleError()
+        else:
+            actual_length, expected_length = len(v), len(self.sub_fields)  # type: ignore
+            if actual_length != expected_length:
+                e = errors_.TupleLengthError(actual_length=actual_length, expected_length=expected_length)
+
+        if e:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(e, loc)
+
+        loc = loc if isinstance(loc, tuple) else (loc,)
+        result = []
+        errors: List[ErrorList] = []
+        for i, (v_, field) in enumerate(zip(v, self.sub_fields)):  # type: ignore
+            v_loc = *loc, i
+            r, ee = field.validate(v_, values, loc=v_loc, cls=cls)
+            if ee:
+                errors.append(ee)
+            else:
+                result.append(r)
+
+        if errors:
+            return v, errors
+        else:
+            return tuple(result), None
+
+    def _validate_mapping_like(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        try:
+            v_iter = dict_validator(v)
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(exc, loc)
+
+        loc = loc if isinstance(loc, tuple) else (loc,)
+        result, errors = {}, []
+        for k, v_ in v_iter.items():
+            v_loc = *loc, '__key__'
+            key_result, key_errors = self.key_field.validate(k, values, loc=v_loc, cls=cls)  # type: ignore
+            if key_errors:
+                errors.append(key_errors)
+                continue
+
+            v_loc = *loc, k
+            value_result, value_errors = self._validate_singleton(v_, values, v_loc, cls)
+            if value_errors:
+                errors.append(value_errors)
+                continue
+
+            result[key_result] = value_result
+        if errors:
+            return v, errors
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_DICT:
+            return result, None
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT:
+            return defaultdict(self.type_, result), None
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_COUNTER:
+            return CollectionCounter(result), None
+        else:
+            return self._get_mapping_value(v, result), None
+
+    def _get_mapping_value(self, original: T, converted: Dict[Any, Any]) -> Union[T, Dict[Any, Any]]:
+        """
+        When type is `Mapping[KT, KV]` (or another unsupported mapping), we try to avoid
+        coercing to `dict` unwillingly.
+        """
+        original_cls = original.__class__
+
+        if original_cls == dict or original_cls == Dict:
+            return converted
+        elif original_cls in {defaultdict, DefaultDict}:
+            return defaultdict(self.type_, converted)
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Counter, OrderedDict, UserDict, ...
+                return original_cls(converted)  # type: ignore
+            except TypeError:
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Could not convert dictionary to {original_cls.__name__!r}') from None
+
+    def _validate_singleton(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        if self.sub_fields:
+            if self.discriminator_key is not None:
+                return self._validate_discriminated_union(v, values, loc, cls)
+
+            errors = []
+
+            if self.model_config.smart_union and is_union(get_origin(self.type_)):
+                # 1st pass: check if the value is an exact instance of one of the Union types
+                # (e.g. to avoid coercing a bool into an int)
+                for field in self.sub_fields:
+                    if v.__class__ is field.outer_type_:
+                        return v, None
+
+                # 2nd pass: check if the value is an instance of any subclass of the Union types
+                for field in self.sub_fields:
+                    # This whole logic will be improved later on to support more complex `isinstance` checks
+                    # It will probably be done once a strict mode is added and be something like:
+                    # ```
+                    #     value, error = field.validate(v, values, strict=True)
+                    #     if error is None:
+                    #         return value, None
+                    # ```
+                    try:
+                        if isinstance(v, field.outer_type_):
+                            return v, None
+                    except TypeError:
+                        # compound type
+                        if lenient_isinstance(v, get_origin(field.outer_type_)):
+                            value, error = field.validate(v, values, loc=loc, cls=cls)
+                            if not error:
+                                return value, None
+
+            # 1st pass by default or 3rd pass with `smart_union` enabled:
+            # check if the value can be coerced into one of the Union types
+            for field in self.sub_fields:
+                value, error = field.validate(v, values, loc=loc, cls=cls)
+                if error:
+                    errors.append(error)
+                else:
+                    return value, None
+            return v, errors
+        else:
+            return self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.validators)
+
+    def _validate_discriminated_union(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        assert self.discriminator_key is not None
+        assert self.discriminator_alias is not None
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                discriminator_value = v[self.discriminator_alias]
+            except KeyError:
+                if self.model_config.allow_population_by_field_name:
+                    discriminator_value = v[self.discriminator_key]
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except KeyError:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(MissingDiscriminator(discriminator_key=self.discriminator_key), loc)
+        except TypeError:
+            try:
+                # BaseModel or dataclass
+                discriminator_value = getattr(v, self.discriminator_key)
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                return v, ErrorWrapper(MissingDiscriminator(discriminator_key=self.discriminator_key), loc)
+
+        if self.sub_fields_mapping is None:
+            assert cls is not None
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'field "{self.name}" not yet prepared so type is still a ForwardRef, '
+                f'you might need to call {cls.__name__}.update_forward_refs().'
+            )
+
+        try:
+            sub_field = self.sub_fields_mapping[discriminator_value]
+        except (KeyError, TypeError):
+            # KeyError: `discriminator_value` is not in the dictionary.
+            # TypeError: `discriminator_value` is unhashable.
+            assert self.sub_fields_mapping is not None
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(
+                InvalidDiscriminator(
+                    discriminator_key=self.discriminator_key,
+                    discriminator_value=discriminator_value,
+                    allowed_values=list(self.sub_fields_mapping),
+                ),
+                loc,
+            )
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(loc, tuple):
+                loc = (loc,)
+            return sub_field.validate(v, values, loc=(*loc, display_as_type(sub_field.type_)), cls=cls)
+
+    def _apply_validators(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc'], validators: 'ValidatorsList'
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        for validator in validators:
+            try:
+                v = validator(cls, v, values, self, self.model_config)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+                return v, ErrorWrapper(exc, loc)
+        return v, None
+
+    def is_complex(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Whether the field is "complex" eg. env variables should be parsed as JSON.
+        """
+        from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+        return (
+            self.shape != SHAPE_SINGLETON
+            or hasattr(self.type_, '__pydantic_model__')
+            or lenient_issubclass(self.type_, (BaseModel, list, set, frozenset, dict))
+        )
+
+    def _type_display(self) -> PyObjectStr:
+        t = display_as_type(self.type_)
+
+        if self.shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES:
+            t = f'Mapping[{display_as_type(self.key_field.type_)}, {t}]'  # type: ignore
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE:
+            t = 'Tuple[{}]'.format(', '.join(display_as_type(f.type_) for f in self.sub_fields))  # type: ignore
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            assert self.sub_fields
+            t = '{}[{}]'.format(
+                display_as_type(self.type_), ', '.join(display_as_type(f.type_) for f in self.sub_fields)
+            )
+        elif self.shape != SHAPE_SINGLETON:
+            t = SHAPE_NAME_LOOKUP[self.shape].format(t)
+
+        if self.allow_none and (self.shape != SHAPE_SINGLETON or not self.sub_fields):
+            t = f'Optional[{t}]'
+        return PyObjectStr(t)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        args = [('name', self.name), ('type', self._type_display()), ('required', self.required)]
+
+        if not self.required:
+            if self.default_factory is not None:
+                args.append(('default_factory', f'<function {self.default_factory.__name__}>'))
+            else:
+                args.append(('default', self.default))
+
+        if self.alt_alias:
+            args.append(('alias', self.alias))
+        return args
+
+
+class ModelPrivateAttr(Representation):
+    __slots__ = ('default', 'default_factory')
+
+    def __init__(self, default: Any = Undefined, *, default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None) -> None:
+        self.default = default
+        self.default_factory = default_factory
+
+    def get_default(self) -> Any:
+        return smart_deepcopy(self.default) if self.default_factory is None else self.default_factory()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and (self.default, self.default_factory) == (
+            other.default,
+            other.default_factory,
+        )
+
+
+def PrivateAttr(
+    default: Any = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Indicates that attribute is only used internally and never mixed with regular fields.
+
+    Types or values of private attrs are not checked by pydantic and it's up to you to keep them relevant.
+
+    Private attrs are stored in model __slots__.
+
+    :param default: the attribute’s default value
+    :param default_factory: callable that will be called when a default value is needed for this attribute
+      If both `default` and `default_factory` are set, an error is raised.
+    """
+    if default is not Undefined and default_factory is not None:
+        raise ValueError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+    return ModelPrivateAttr(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+    )
+
+
+class DeferredType:
+    """
+    Used to postpone field preparation, while creating recursive generic models.
+    """
+
+
+def is_finalvar_with_default_val(type_: Type[Any], val: Any) -> bool:
+    return is_finalvar(type_) and val is not Undefined and not isinstance(val, FieldInfo)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/generics.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/generics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa1dcec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/generics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+import functools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Generic,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary, WeakValueDictionary
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal as ExtLiteral
+
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import gather_all_validators
+from pydantic.v1.fields import DeferredType
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel, create_model
+from pydantic.v1.types import JsonWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.typing import display_as_type, get_all_type_hints, get_args, get_origin, typing_base
+from pydantic.v1.utils import all_identical, lenient_issubclass
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+
+GenericModelT = TypeVar('GenericModelT', bound='GenericModel')
+TypeVarType = Any  # since mypy doesn't allow the use of TypeVar as a type
+
+CacheKey = Tuple[Type[Any], Any, Tuple[Any, ...]]
+Parametrization = Mapping[TypeVarType, Type[Any]]
+
+# weak dictionaries allow the dynamically created parametrized versions of generic models to get collected
+# once they are no longer referenced by the caller.
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):  # Typing for weak dictionaries available at 3.9
+    GenericTypesCache = WeakValueDictionary[CacheKey, Type[BaseModel]]
+    AssignedParameters = WeakKeyDictionary[Type[BaseModel], Parametrization]
+else:
+    GenericTypesCache = WeakValueDictionary
+    AssignedParameters = WeakKeyDictionary
+
+# _generic_types_cache is a Mapping from __class_getitem__ arguments to the parametrized version of generic models.
+# This ensures multiple calls of e.g. A[B] return always the same class.
+_generic_types_cache = GenericTypesCache()
+
+# _assigned_parameters is a Mapping from parametrized version of generic models to assigned types of parametrizations
+# as captured during construction of the class (not instances).
+# E.g., for generic model `Model[A, B]`, when parametrized model `Model[int, str]` is created,
+# `Model[int, str]`: {A: int, B: str}` will be stored in `_assigned_parameters`.
+# (This information is only otherwise available after creation from the class name string).
+_assigned_parameters = AssignedParameters()
+
+
+class GenericModel(BaseModel):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __concrete__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # Putting this in a TYPE_CHECKING block allows us to replace `if Generic not in cls.__bases__` with
+        # `not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__")`. This means we don't need to force non-concrete subclasses of
+        # `GenericModel` to also inherit from `Generic`, which would require changes to the use of `create_model` below.
+        __parameters__: ClassVar[Tuple[TypeVarType, ...]]
+
+    # Setting the return type as Type[Any] instead of Type[BaseModel] prevents PyCharm warnings
+    def __class_getitem__(cls: Type[GenericModelT], params: Union[Type[Any], Tuple[Type[Any], ...]]) -> Type[Any]:
+        """Instantiates a new class from a generic class `cls` and type variables `params`.
+
+        :param params: Tuple of types the class . Given a generic class
+            `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+            the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.
+        :return: New model class inheriting from `cls` with instantiated
+            types described by `params`. If no parameters are given, `cls` is
+            returned as is.
+
+        """
+
+        def _cache_key(_params: Any) -> CacheKey:
+            args = get_args(_params)
+            # python returns a list for Callables, which is not hashable
+            if len(args) == 2 and isinstance(args[0], list):
+                args = (tuple(args[0]), args[1])
+            return cls, _params, args
+
+        cached = _generic_types_cache.get(_cache_key(params))
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+        if cls.__concrete__ and Generic not in cls.__bases__:
+            raise TypeError('Cannot parameterize a concrete instantiation of a generic model')
+        if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+            params = (params,)
+        if cls is GenericModel and any(isinstance(param, TypeVar) for param in params):
+            raise TypeError('Type parameters should be placed on typing.Generic, not GenericModel')
+        if not hasattr(cls, '__parameters__'):
+            raise TypeError(f'Type {cls.__name__} must inherit from typing.Generic before being parameterized')
+
+        check_parameters_count(cls, params)
+        # Build map from generic typevars to passed params
+        typevars_map: Dict[TypeVarType, Type[Any]] = dict(zip(cls.__parameters__, params))
+        if all_identical(typevars_map.keys(), typevars_map.values()) and typevars_map:
+            return cls  # if arguments are equal to parameters it's the same object
+
+        # Create new model with original model as parent inserting fields with DeferredType.
+        model_name = cls.__concrete_name__(params)
+        validators = gather_all_validators(cls)
+
+        type_hints = get_all_type_hints(cls).items()
+        instance_type_hints = {k: v for k, v in type_hints if get_origin(v) is not ClassVar}
+
+        fields = {k: (DeferredType(), cls.__fields__[k].field_info) for k in instance_type_hints if k in cls.__fields__}
+
+        model_module, called_globally = get_caller_frame_info()
+        created_model = cast(
+            Type[GenericModel],  # casting ensures mypy is aware of the __concrete__ and __parameters__ attributes
+            create_model(
+                model_name,
+                __module__=model_module or cls.__module__,
+                __base__=(cls,) + tuple(cls.__parameterized_bases__(typevars_map)),
+                __config__=None,
+                __validators__=validators,
+                __cls_kwargs__=None,
+                **fields,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        _assigned_parameters[created_model] = typevars_map
+
+        if called_globally:  # create global reference and therefore allow pickling
+            object_by_reference = None
+            reference_name = model_name
+            reference_module_globals = sys.modules[created_model.__module__].__dict__
+            while object_by_reference is not created_model:
+                object_by_reference = reference_module_globals.setdefault(reference_name, created_model)
+                reference_name += '_'
+
+        created_model.Config = cls.Config
+
+        # Find any typevars that are still present in the model.
+        # If none are left, the model is fully "concrete", otherwise the new
+        # class is a generic class as well taking the found typevars as
+        # parameters.
+        new_params = tuple(
+            {param: None for param in iter_contained_typevars(typevars_map.values())}
+        )  # use dict as ordered set
+        created_model.__concrete__ = not new_params
+        if new_params:
+            created_model.__parameters__ = new_params
+
+        # Save created model in cache so we don't end up creating duplicate
+        # models that should be identical.
+        _generic_types_cache[_cache_key(params)] = created_model
+        if len(params) == 1:
+            _generic_types_cache[_cache_key(params[0])] = created_model
+
+        # Recursively walk class type hints and replace generic typevars
+        # with concrete types that were passed.
+        _prepare_model_fields(created_model, fields, instance_type_hints, typevars_map)
+
+        return created_model
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __concrete_name__(cls: Type[Any], params: Tuple[Type[Any], ...]) -> str:
+        """Compute class name for child classes.
+
+        :param params: Tuple of types the class . Given a generic class
+            `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+            the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.
+        :return: String representing a the new class where `params` are
+            passed to `cls` as type variables.
+
+        This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for GenericModels.
+        """
+        param_names = [display_as_type(param) for param in params]
+        params_component = ', '.join(param_names)
+        return f'{cls.__name__}[{params_component}]'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __parameterized_bases__(cls, typevars_map: Parametrization) -> Iterator[Type[Any]]:
+        """
+        Returns unbound bases of cls parameterised to given type variables
+
+        :param typevars_map: Dictionary of type applications for binding subclasses.
+            Given a generic class `Model` with 2 type variables [S, T]
+            and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+            the value `{S: str, T: int}` would be passed to `typevars_map`.
+        :return: an iterator of generic sub classes, parameterised by `typevars_map`
+            and other assigned parameters of `cls`
+
+        e.g.:
+        ```
+        class A(GenericModel, Generic[T]):
+            ...
+
+        class B(A[V], Generic[V]):
+            ...
+
+        assert A[int] in B.__parameterized_bases__({V: int})
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def build_base_model(
+            base_model: Type[GenericModel], mapped_types: Parametrization
+        ) -> Iterator[Type[GenericModel]]:
+            base_parameters = tuple(mapped_types[param] for param in base_model.__parameters__)
+            parameterized_base = base_model.__class_getitem__(base_parameters)
+            if parameterized_base is base_model or parameterized_base is cls:
+                # Avoid duplication in MRO
+                return
+            yield parameterized_base
+
+        for base_model in cls.__bases__:
+            if not issubclass(base_model, GenericModel):
+                # not a class that can be meaningfully parameterized
+                continue
+            elif not getattr(base_model, '__parameters__', None):
+                # base_model is "GenericModel"  (and has no __parameters__)
+                # or
+                # base_model is already concrete, and will be included transitively via cls.
+                continue
+            elif cls in _assigned_parameters:
+                if base_model in _assigned_parameters:
+                    # cls is partially parameterised but not from base_model
+                    # e.g. cls = B[S], base_model = A[S]
+                    # B[S][int] should subclass A[int],  (and will be transitively via B[int])
+                    # but it's not viable to consistently subclass types with arbitrary construction
+                    # So don't attempt to include A[S][int]
+                    continue
+                else:  # base_model not in _assigned_parameters:
+                    # cls is partially parameterized, base_model is original generic
+                    # e.g.  cls = B[str, T], base_model = B[S, T]
+                    # Need to determine the mapping for the base_model parameters
+                    mapped_types: Parametrization = {
+                        key: typevars_map.get(value, value) for key, value in _assigned_parameters[cls].items()
+                    }
+                    yield from build_base_model(base_model, mapped_types)
+            else:
+                # cls is base generic, so base_class has a distinct base
+                # can construct the Parameterised base model using typevars_map directly
+                yield from build_base_model(base_model, typevars_map)
+
+
+def replace_types(type_: Any, type_map: Mapping[Any, Any]) -> Any:
+    """Return type with all occurrences of `type_map` keys recursively replaced with their values.
+
+    :param type_: Any type, class or generic alias
+    :param type_map: Mapping from `TypeVar` instance to concrete types.
+    :return: New type representing the basic structure of `type_` with all
+        `typevar_map` keys recursively replaced.
+
+    >>> replace_types(Tuple[str, Union[List[str], float]], {str: int})
+    Tuple[int, Union[List[int], float]]
+
+    """
+    if not type_map:
+        return type_
+
+    type_args = get_args(type_)
+    origin_type = get_origin(type_)
+
+    if origin_type is Annotated:
+        annotated_type, *annotations = type_args
+        return Annotated[replace_types(annotated_type, type_map), tuple(annotations)]
+
+    if (origin_type is ExtLiteral) or (sys.version_info >= (3, 8) and origin_type is Literal):
+        return type_map.get(type_, type_)
+    # Having type args is a good indicator that this is a typing module
+    # class instantiation or a generic alias of some sort.
+    if type_args:
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(arg, type_map) for arg in type_args)
+        if all_identical(type_args, resolved_type_args):
+            # If all arguments are the same, there is no need to modify the
+            # type or create a new object at all
+            return type_
+        if (
+            origin_type is not None
+            and isinstance(type_, typing_base)
+            and not isinstance(origin_type, typing_base)
+            and getattr(type_, '_name', None) is not None
+        ):
+            # In python < 3.9 generic aliases don't exist so any of these like `list`,
+            # `type` or `collections.abc.Callable` need to be translated.
+            # See: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0585
+            origin_type = getattr(typing, type_._name)
+        assert origin_type is not None
+        # PEP-604 syntax (Ex.: list | str) is represented with a types.UnionType object that does not have __getitem__.
+        # We also cannot use isinstance() since we have to compare types.
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) and origin_type is types.UnionType:  # noqa: E721
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, resolved_type_args)
+        return origin_type[resolved_type_args]
+
+    # We handle pydantic generic models separately as they don't have the same
+    # semantics as "typing" classes or generic aliases
+    if not origin_type and lenient_issubclass(type_, GenericModel) and not type_.__concrete__:
+        type_args = type_.__parameters__
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(t, type_map) for t in type_args)
+        if all_identical(type_args, resolved_type_args):
+            return type_
+        return type_[resolved_type_args]
+
+    # Handle special case for typehints that can have lists as arguments.
+    # `typing.Callable[[int, str], int]` is an example for this.
+    if isinstance(type_, (List, list)):
+        resolved_list = list(replace_types(element, type_map) for element in type_)
+        if all_identical(type_, resolved_list):
+            return type_
+        return resolved_list
+
+    # For JsonWrapperValue, need to handle its inner type to allow correct parsing
+    # of generic Json arguments like Json[T]
+    if not origin_type and lenient_issubclass(type_, JsonWrapper):
+        type_.inner_type = replace_types(type_.inner_type, type_map)
+        return type_
+
+    # If all else fails, we try to resolve the type directly and otherwise just
+    # return the input with no modifications.
+    new_type = type_map.get(type_, type_)
+    # Convert string to ForwardRef
+    if isinstance(new_type, str):
+        return ForwardRef(new_type)
+    else:
+        return new_type
+
+
+def check_parameters_count(cls: Type[GenericModel], parameters: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> None:
+    actual = len(parameters)
+    expected = len(cls.__parameters__)
+    if actual != expected:
+        description = 'many' if actual > expected else 'few'
+        raise TypeError(f'Too {description} parameters for {cls.__name__}; actual {actual}, expected {expected}')
+
+
+DictValues: Type[Any] = {}.values().__class__
+
+
+def iter_contained_typevars(v: Any) -> Iterator[TypeVarType]:
+    """Recursively iterate through all subtypes and type args of `v` and yield any typevars that are found."""
+    if isinstance(v, TypeVar):
+        yield v
+    elif hasattr(v, '__parameters__') and not get_origin(v) and lenient_issubclass(v, GenericModel):
+        yield from v.__parameters__
+    elif isinstance(v, (DictValues, list)):
+        for var in v:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(var)
+    else:
+        args = get_args(v)
+        for arg in args:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(arg)
+
+
+def get_caller_frame_info() -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+    """
+    Used inside a function to check whether it was called globally
+
+    Will only work against non-compiled code, therefore used only in pydantic.generics
+
+    :returns Tuple[module_name, called_globally]
+    """
+    try:
+        previous_caller_frame = sys._getframe(2)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError('This function must be used inside another function') from e
+    except AttributeError:  # sys module does not have _getframe function, so there's nothing we can do about it
+        return None, False
+    frame_globals = previous_caller_frame.f_globals
+    return frame_globals.get('__name__'), previous_caller_frame.f_locals is frame_globals
+
+
+def _prepare_model_fields(
+    created_model: Type[GenericModel],
+    fields: Mapping[str, Any],
+    instance_type_hints: Mapping[str, type],
+    typevars_map: Mapping[Any, type],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Replace DeferredType fields with concrete type hints and prepare them.
+    """
+
+    for key, field in created_model.__fields__.items():
+        if key not in fields:
+            assert field.type_.__class__ is not DeferredType
+            # https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy/issues/198
+            continue  # pragma: no cover
+
+        assert field.type_.__class__ is DeferredType, field.type_.__class__
+
+        field_type_hint = instance_type_hints[key]
+        concrete_type = replace_types(field_type_hint, typevars_map)
+        field.type_ = concrete_type
+        field.outer_type_ = concrete_type
+        field.prepare()
+        created_model.__annotations__[key] = concrete_type
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/json.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41d0d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import datetime
+from collections import deque
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from re import Pattern
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Type, Union
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pydantic.v1.color import Color
+from pydantic.v1.networks import NameEmail
+from pydantic.v1.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+
+__all__ = 'pydantic_encoder', 'custom_pydantic_encoder', 'timedelta_isoformat'
+
+
+def isoformat(o: Union[datetime.date, datetime.time]) -> str:
+    return o.isoformat()
+
+
+def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> Union[int, float]:
+    """
+    Encodes a Decimal as int of there's no exponent, otherwise float
+
+    This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0)
+    where a integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float
+    results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse.
+    Our Id type is a prime example of this.
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0"))
+    1.0
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1"))
+    1
+    """
+    if dec_value.as_tuple().exponent >= 0:
+        return int(dec_value)
+    else:
+        return float(dec_value)
+
+
+ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: Dict[Type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = {
+    bytes: lambda o: o.decode(),
+    Color: str,
+    datetime.date: isoformat,
+    datetime.datetime: isoformat,
+    datetime.time: isoformat,
+    datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(),
+    Decimal: decimal_encoder,
+    Enum: lambda o: o.value,
+    frozenset: list,
+    deque: list,
+    GeneratorType: list,
+    IPv4Address: str,
+    IPv4Interface: str,
+    IPv4Network: str,
+    IPv6Address: str,
+    IPv6Interface: str,
+    IPv6Network: str,
+    NameEmail: str,
+    Path: str,
+    Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern,
+    SecretBytes: str,
+    SecretStr: str,
+    set: list,
+    UUID: str,
+}
+
+
+def pydantic_encoder(obj: Any) -> Any:
+    from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
+
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
+        return obj.dict()
+    elif is_dataclass(obj):
+        return asdict(obj)
+
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        raise TypeError(f"Object of type '{obj.__class__.__name__}' is not JSON serializable")
+
+
+def custom_pydantic_encoder(type_encoders: Dict[Any, Callable[[Type[Any]], Any]], obj: Any) -> Any:
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = type_encoders[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        return pydantic_encoder(obj)
+
+
+def timedelta_isoformat(td: datetime.timedelta) -> str:
+    """
+    ISO 8601 encoding for Python timedelta object.
+    """
+    minutes, seconds = divmod(td.seconds, 60)
+    hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+    return f'{"-" if td.days < 0 else ""}P{abs(td.days)}DT{hours:d}H{minutes:d}M{seconds:d}.{td.microseconds:06d}S'
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36e9c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1130 @@
+import sys
+import warnings
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from copy import deepcopy
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import partial
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType, prepare_class, resolve_bases
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    no_type_check,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import ValidatorGroup, extract_root_validators, extract_validators, inherit_validators
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, Extra, inherit_config, prepare_config
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper, ValidationError
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError, DictError, ExtraError, MissingError
+from pydantic.v1.fields import (
+    MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES,
+    Field,
+    ModelField,
+    ModelPrivateAttr,
+    PrivateAttr,
+    Undefined,
+    is_finalvar_with_default_val,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.json import custom_pydantic_encoder, pydantic_encoder
+from pydantic.v1.parse import Protocol, load_file, load_str_bytes
+from pydantic.v1.schema import default_ref_template, model_schema
+from pydantic.v1.types import PyObject, StrBytes
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    AnyCallable,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    is_classvar,
+    is_namedtuple,
+    is_union,
+    resolve_annotations,
+    update_model_forward_refs,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import (
+    DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES,
+    ROOT_KEY,
+    ClassAttribute,
+    GetterDict,
+    Representation,
+    ValueItems,
+    generate_model_signature,
+    is_valid_field,
+    is_valid_private_name,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+    sequence_like,
+    smart_deepcopy,
+    unique_list,
+    validate_field_name,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+
+    from pydantic.v1.class_validators import ValidatorListDict
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+        AbstractSetIntStr,
+        AnyClassMethod,
+        CallableGenerator,
+        DictAny,
+        DictStrAny,
+        MappingIntStrAny,
+        ReprArgs,
+        SetStr,
+        TupleGenerator,
+    )
+
+    Model = TypeVar('Model', bound='BaseModel')
+
+__all__ = 'BaseModel', 'create_model', 'validate_model'
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+
+def validate_custom_root_type(fields: Dict[str, ModelField]) -> None:
+    if len(fields) > 1:
+        raise ValueError(f'{ROOT_KEY} cannot be mixed with other fields')
+
+
+def generate_hash_function(frozen: bool) -> Optional[Callable[[Any], int]]:
+    def hash_function(self_: Any) -> int:
+        return hash(self_.__class__) + hash(tuple(self_.__dict__.values()))
+
+    return hash_function if frozen else None
+
+
+# If a field is of type `Callable`, its default value should be a function and cannot to ignored.
+ANNOTATED_FIELD_UNTOUCHED_TYPES: Tuple[Any, ...] = (property, type, classmethod, staticmethod)
+# When creating a `BaseModel` instance, we bypass all the methods, properties... added to the model
+UNTOUCHED_TYPES: Tuple[Any, ...] = (FunctionType,) + ANNOTATED_FIELD_UNTOUCHED_TYPES
+# Note `ModelMetaclass` refers to `BaseModel`, but is also used to *create* `BaseModel`, so we need to add this extra
+# (somewhat hacky) boolean to keep track of whether we've created the `BaseModel` class yet, and therefore whether it's
+# safe to refer to it. If it *hasn't* been created, we assume that the `__new__` call we're in the middle of is for
+# the `BaseModel` class, since that's defined immediately after the metaclass.
+_is_base_model_class_defined = False
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=True, field_specifiers=(Field,))
+class ModelMetaclass(ABCMeta):
+    @no_type_check  # noqa C901
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):  # noqa C901
+        fields: Dict[str, ModelField] = {}
+        config = BaseConfig
+        validators: 'ValidatorListDict' = {}
+
+        pre_root_validators, post_root_validators = [], []
+        private_attributes: Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+        base_private_attributes: Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+        slots: SetStr = namespace.get('__slots__', ())
+        slots = {slots} if isinstance(slots, str) else set(slots)
+        class_vars: SetStr = set()
+        hash_func: Optional[Callable[[Any], int]] = None
+
+        for base in reversed(bases):
+            if _is_base_model_class_defined and issubclass(base, BaseModel) and base != BaseModel:
+                fields.update(smart_deepcopy(base.__fields__))
+                config = inherit_config(base.__config__, config)
+                validators = inherit_validators(base.__validators__, validators)
+                pre_root_validators += base.__pre_root_validators__
+                post_root_validators += base.__post_root_validators__
+                base_private_attributes.update(base.__private_attributes__)
+                class_vars.update(base.__class_vars__)
+                hash_func = base.__hash__
+
+        resolve_forward_refs = kwargs.pop('__resolve_forward_refs__', True)
+        allowed_config_kwargs: SetStr = {
+            key
+            for key in dir(config)
+            if not (key.startswith('__') and key.endswith('__'))  # skip dunder methods and attributes
+        }
+        config_kwargs = {key: kwargs.pop(key) for key in kwargs.keys() & allowed_config_kwargs}
+        config_from_namespace = namespace.get('Config')
+        if config_kwargs and config_from_namespace:
+            raise TypeError('Specifying config in two places is ambiguous, use either Config attribute or class kwargs')
+        config = inherit_config(config_from_namespace, config, **config_kwargs)
+
+        validators = inherit_validators(extract_validators(namespace), validators)
+        vg = ValidatorGroup(validators)
+
+        for f in fields.values():
+            f.set_config(config)
+            extra_validators = vg.get_validators(f.name)
+            if extra_validators:
+                f.class_validators.update(extra_validators)
+                # re-run prepare to add extra validators
+                f.populate_validators()
+
+        prepare_config(config, name)
+
+        untouched_types = ANNOTATED_FIELD_UNTOUCHED_TYPES
+
+        def is_untouched(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return isinstance(v, untouched_types) or v.__class__.__name__ == 'cython_function_or_method'
+
+        if (namespace.get('__module__'), namespace.get('__qualname__')) != ('pydantic.main', 'BaseModel'):
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                if '__annotations__' in namespace:
+                    # `from __future__ import annotations` was used in the model's module
+                    raw_annotations = namespace['__annotations__']
+                else:
+                    # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/annotationlib.html#using-annotations-in-a-metaclass:
+                    from annotationlib import Format, call_annotate_function, get_annotate_from_class_namespace
+
+                    annotate = get_annotate_from_class_namespace(namespace)
+                    if annotate is not None:
+                        raw_annotations = call_annotate_function(annotate, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+                    else:
+                        raw_annotations = {}
+            else:
+                raw_annotations = namespace.get('__annotations__', {})
+
+            annotations = resolve_annotations(raw_annotations, namespace.get('__module__', None))
+            # annotation only fields need to come first in fields
+            for ann_name, ann_type in annotations.items():
+                if is_classvar(ann_type):
+                    class_vars.add(ann_name)
+                elif is_finalvar_with_default_val(ann_type, namespace.get(ann_name, Undefined)):
+                    class_vars.add(ann_name)
+                elif is_valid_field(ann_name):
+                    validate_field_name(bases, ann_name)
+                    value = namespace.get(ann_name, Undefined)
+                    allowed_types = get_args(ann_type) if is_union(get_origin(ann_type)) else (ann_type,)
+                    if (
+                        is_untouched(value)
+                        and ann_type != PyObject
+                        and not any(
+                            lenient_issubclass(get_origin(allowed_type), Type) for allowed_type in allowed_types
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    fields[ann_name] = ModelField.infer(
+                        name=ann_name,
+                        value=value,
+                        annotation=ann_type,
+                        class_validators=vg.get_validators(ann_name),
+                        config=config,
+                    )
+                elif ann_name not in namespace and config.underscore_attrs_are_private:
+                    private_attributes[ann_name] = PrivateAttr()
+
+            untouched_types = UNTOUCHED_TYPES + config.keep_untouched
+            for var_name, value in namespace.items():
+                can_be_changed = var_name not in class_vars and not is_untouched(value)
+                if isinstance(value, ModelPrivateAttr):
+                    if not is_valid_private_name(var_name):
+                        raise NameError(
+                            f'Private attributes "{var_name}" must not be a valid field name; '
+                            f'Use sunder or dunder names, e. g. "_{var_name}" or "__{var_name}__"'
+                        )
+                    private_attributes[var_name] = value
+                elif config.underscore_attrs_are_private and is_valid_private_name(var_name) and can_be_changed:
+                    private_attributes[var_name] = PrivateAttr(default=value)
+                elif is_valid_field(var_name) and var_name not in annotations and can_be_changed:
+                    validate_field_name(bases, var_name)
+                    inferred = ModelField.infer(
+                        name=var_name,
+                        value=value,
+                        annotation=annotations.get(var_name, Undefined),
+                        class_validators=vg.get_validators(var_name),
+                        config=config,
+                    )
+                    if var_name in fields:
+                        if lenient_issubclass(inferred.type_, fields[var_name].type_):
+                            inferred.type_ = fields[var_name].type_
+                        else:
+                            raise TypeError(
+                                f'The type of {name}.{var_name} differs from the new default value; '
+                                f'if you wish to change the type of this field, please use a type annotation'
+                            )
+                    fields[var_name] = inferred
+
+        _custom_root_type = ROOT_KEY in fields
+        if _custom_root_type:
+            validate_custom_root_type(fields)
+        vg.check_for_unused()
+        if config.json_encoders:
+            json_encoder = partial(custom_pydantic_encoder, config.json_encoders)
+        else:
+            json_encoder = pydantic_encoder
+        pre_rv_new, post_rv_new = extract_root_validators(namespace)
+
+        if hash_func is None:
+            hash_func = generate_hash_function(config.frozen)
+
+        exclude_from_namespace = fields | private_attributes.keys() | {'__slots__'}
+        new_namespace = {
+            '__config__': config,
+            '__fields__': fields,
+            '__exclude_fields__': {
+                name: field.field_info.exclude for name, field in fields.items() if field.field_info.exclude is not None
+            }
+            or None,
+            '__include_fields__': {
+                name: field.field_info.include for name, field in fields.items() if field.field_info.include is not None
+            }
+            or None,
+            '__validators__': vg.validators,
+            '__pre_root_validators__': unique_list(
+                pre_root_validators + pre_rv_new,
+                name_factory=lambda v: v.__name__,
+            ),
+            '__post_root_validators__': unique_list(
+                post_root_validators + post_rv_new,
+                name_factory=lambda skip_on_failure_and_v: skip_on_failure_and_v[1].__name__,
+            ),
+            '__schema_cache__': {},
+            '__json_encoder__': staticmethod(json_encoder),
+            '__custom_root_type__': _custom_root_type,
+            '__private_attributes__': {**base_private_attributes, **private_attributes},
+            '__slots__': slots | private_attributes.keys(),
+            '__hash__': hash_func,
+            '__class_vars__': class_vars,
+            **{n: v for n, v in namespace.items() if n not in exclude_from_namespace},
+        }
+
+        cls = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, new_namespace, **kwargs)
+        # set __signature__ attr only for model class, but not for its instances
+        cls.__signature__ = ClassAttribute('__signature__', generate_model_signature(cls.__init__, fields, config))
+
+        if not _is_base_model_class_defined:
+            # Cython does not understand the `if TYPE_CHECKING:` condition in the
+            # BaseModel's body (where annotations are set), so clear them manually:
+            getattr(cls, '__annotations__', {}).clear()
+
+        if resolve_forward_refs:
+            cls.__try_update_forward_refs__()
+
+        # preserve `__set_name__` protocol defined in https://peps.python.org/pep-0487
+        # for attributes not in `new_namespace` (e.g. private attributes)
+        for name, obj in namespace.items():
+            if name not in new_namespace:
+                set_name = getattr(obj, '__set_name__', None)
+                if callable(set_name):
+                    set_name(cls, name)
+
+        return cls
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, instance: Any) -> bool:
+        """
+        Avoid calling ABC _abc_subclasscheck unless we're pretty sure.
+
+        See #3829 and python/cpython#92810
+        """
+        return hasattr(instance, '__post_root_validators__') and super().__instancecheck__(instance)
+
+
+object_setattr = object.__setattr__
+
+
+class BaseModel(Representation, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # populated by the metaclass, defined here to help IDEs only
+        __fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelField]] = {}
+        __include_fields__: ClassVar[Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None
+        __exclude_fields__: ClassVar[Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None
+        __validators__: ClassVar[Dict[str, AnyCallable]] = {}
+        __pre_root_validators__: ClassVar[List[AnyCallable]]
+        __post_root_validators__: ClassVar[List[Tuple[bool, AnyCallable]]]
+        __config__: ClassVar[Type[BaseConfig]] = BaseConfig
+        __json_encoder__: ClassVar[Callable[[Any], Any]] = lambda x: x
+        __schema_cache__: ClassVar['DictAny'] = {}
+        __custom_root_type__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+        __signature__: ClassVar['Signature']
+        __private_attributes__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]
+        __class_vars__: ClassVar[SetStr]
+        __fields_set__: ClassVar[SetStr] = set()
+
+    Config = BaseConfig
+    __slots__ = ('__dict__', '__fields_set__')
+    __doc__ = ''  # Null out the Representation docstring
+
+    def __init__(__pydantic_self__, **data: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.
+
+        Raises ValidationError if the input data cannot be parsed to form a valid model.
+        """
+        # Uses something other than `self` the first arg to allow "self" as a settable attribute
+        values, fields_set, validation_error = validate_model(__pydantic_self__.__class__, data)
+        if validation_error:
+            raise validation_error
+        try:
+            object_setattr(__pydantic_self__, '__dict__', values)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(
+                'Model values must be a dict; you may not have returned a dictionary from a root validator'
+            ) from e
+        object_setattr(__pydantic_self__, '__fields_set__', fields_set)
+        __pydantic_self__._init_private_attributes()
+
+    @no_type_check
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        if name in self.__private_attributes__ or name in DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return object_setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        if self.__config__.extra is not Extra.allow and name not in self.__fields__:
+            raise ValueError(f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" object has no field "{name}"')
+        elif not self.__config__.allow_mutation or self.__config__.frozen:
+            raise TypeError(f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" is immutable and does not support item assignment')
+        elif name in self.__fields__ and self.__fields__[name].final:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" object "{name}" field is final and does not support reassignment'
+            )
+        elif self.__config__.validate_assignment:
+            new_values = {**self.__dict__, name: value}
+
+            for validator in self.__pre_root_validators__:
+                try:
+                    new_values = validator(self.__class__, new_values)
+                except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+                    raise ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY)], self.__class__)
+
+            known_field = self.__fields__.get(name, None)
+            if known_field:
+                # We want to
+                # - make sure validators are called without the current value for this field inside `values`
+                # - keep other values (e.g. submodels) untouched (using `BaseModel.dict()` will change them into dicts)
+                # - keep the order of the fields
+                if not known_field.field_info.allow_mutation:
+                    raise TypeError(f'"{known_field.name}" has allow_mutation set to False and cannot be assigned')
+                dict_without_original_value = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if k != name}
+                value, error_ = known_field.validate(value, dict_without_original_value, loc=name, cls=self.__class__)
+                if error_:
+                    raise ValidationError([error_], self.__class__)
+                else:
+                    new_values[name] = value
+
+            errors = []
+            for skip_on_failure, validator in self.__post_root_validators__:
+                if skip_on_failure and errors:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    new_values = validator(self.__class__, new_values)
+                except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+                    errors.append(ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY))
+            if errors:
+                raise ValidationError(errors, self.__class__)
+
+            # update the whole __dict__ as other values than just `value`
+            # may be changed (e.g. with `root_validator`)
+            object_setattr(self, '__dict__', new_values)
+        else:
+            self.__dict__[name] = value
+
+        self.__fields_set__.add(name)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> 'DictAny':
+        private_attrs = ((k, getattr(self, k, Undefined)) for k in self.__private_attributes__)
+        return {
+            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
+            '__fields_set__': self.__fields_set__,
+            '__private_attribute_values__': {k: v for k, v in private_attrs if v is not Undefined},
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: 'DictAny') -> None:
+        object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state['__dict__'])
+        object_setattr(self, '__fields_set__', state['__fields_set__'])
+        for name, value in state.get('__private_attribute_values__', {}).items():
+            object_setattr(self, name, value)
+
+    def _init_private_attributes(self) -> None:
+        for name, private_attr in self.__private_attributes__.items():
+            default = private_attr.get_default()
+            if default is not Undefined:
+                object_setattr(self, name, default)
+
+    def dict(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'DictStrAny':
+        """
+        Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
+
+        """
+        if skip_defaults is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'{self.__class__.__name__}.dict(): "skip_defaults" is deprecated and replaced by "exclude_unset"',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            exclude_unset = skip_defaults
+
+        return dict(
+            self._iter(
+                to_dict=True,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                include=include,
+                exclude=exclude,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        encoder: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        models_as_dict: bool = True,
+        **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Generate a JSON representation of the model, `include` and `exclude` arguments as per `dict()`.
+
+        `encoder` is an optional function to supply as `default` to json.dumps(), other arguments as per `json.dumps()`.
+        """
+        if skip_defaults is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'{self.__class__.__name__}.json(): "skip_defaults" is deprecated and replaced by "exclude_unset"',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            exclude_unset = skip_defaults
+        encoder = cast(Callable[[Any], Any], encoder or self.__json_encoder__)
+
+        # We don't directly call `self.dict()`, which does exactly this with `to_dict=True`
+        # because we want to be able to keep raw `BaseModel` instances and not as `dict`.
+        # This allows users to write custom JSON encoders for given `BaseModel` classes.
+        data = dict(
+            self._iter(
+                to_dict=models_as_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                include=include,
+                exclude=exclude,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        )
+        if self.__custom_root_type__:
+            data = data[ROOT_KEY]
+        return self.__config__.json_dumps(data, default=encoder, **dumps_kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _enforce_dict_if_root(cls, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        if cls.__custom_root_type__ and (
+            not (isinstance(obj, dict) and obj.keys() == {ROOT_KEY})
+            and not (isinstance(obj, BaseModel) and obj.__fields__.keys() == {ROOT_KEY})
+            or cls.__fields__[ROOT_KEY].shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES
+        ):
+            return {ROOT_KEY: obj}
+        else:
+            return obj
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_obj(cls: Type['Model'], obj: Any) -> 'Model':
+        obj = cls._enforce_dict_if_root(obj)
+        if not isinstance(obj, dict):
+            try:
+                obj = dict(obj)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+                exc = TypeError(f'{cls.__name__} expected dict not {obj.__class__.__name__}')
+                raise ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY)], cls) from e
+        return cls(**obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_raw(
+        cls: Type['Model'],
+        b: StrBytes,
+        *,
+        content_type: str = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: Protocol = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'Model':
+        try:
+            obj = load_str_bytes(
+                b,
+                proto=proto,
+                content_type=content_type,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+                json_loads=cls.__config__.json_loads,
+            )
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+            raise ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(e, loc=ROOT_KEY)], cls)
+        return cls.parse_obj(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_file(
+        cls: Type['Model'],
+        path: Union[str, Path],
+        *,
+        content_type: str = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: Protocol = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'Model':
+        obj = load_file(
+            path,
+            proto=proto,
+            content_type=content_type,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+            json_loads=cls.__config__.json_loads,
+        )
+        return cls.parse_obj(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_orm(cls: Type['Model'], obj: Any) -> 'Model':
+        if not cls.__config__.orm_mode:
+            raise ConfigError('You must have the config attribute orm_mode=True to use from_orm')
+        obj = {ROOT_KEY: obj} if cls.__custom_root_type__ else cls._decompose_class(obj)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        values, fields_set, validation_error = validate_model(cls, obj)
+        if validation_error:
+            raise validation_error
+        object_setattr(m, '__dict__', values)
+        object_setattr(m, '__fields_set__', fields_set)
+        m._init_private_attributes()
+        return m
+
+    @classmethod
+    def construct(cls: Type['Model'], _fields_set: Optional['SetStr'] = None, **values: Any) -> 'Model':
+        """
+        Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data.
+        Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.
+        Behaves as if `Config.extra = 'allow'` was set since it adds all passed values
+        """
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        fields_values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for name, field in cls.__fields__.items():
+            if field.alt_alias and field.alias in values:
+                fields_values[name] = values[field.alias]
+            elif name in values:
+                fields_values[name] = values[name]
+            elif not field.required:
+                fields_values[name] = field.get_default()
+        fields_values.update(values)
+        object_setattr(m, '__dict__', fields_values)
+        if _fields_set is None:
+            _fields_set = set(values.keys())
+        object_setattr(m, '__fields_set__', _fields_set)
+        m._init_private_attributes()
+        return m
+
+    def _copy_and_set_values(self: 'Model', values: 'DictStrAny', fields_set: 'SetStr', *, deep: bool) -> 'Model':
+        if deep:
+            # chances of having empty dict here are quite low for using smart_deepcopy
+            values = deepcopy(values)
+
+        cls = self.__class__
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        object_setattr(m, '__dict__', values)
+        object_setattr(m, '__fields_set__', fields_set)
+        for name in self.__private_attributes__:
+            value = getattr(self, name, Undefined)
+            if value is not Undefined:
+                if deep:
+                    value = deepcopy(value)
+                object_setattr(m, name, value)
+
+        return m
+
+    def copy(
+        self: 'Model',
+        *,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        update: Optional['DictStrAny'] = None,
+        deep: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'Model':
+        """
+        Duplicate a model, optionally choose which fields to include, exclude and change.
+
+        :param include: fields to include in new model
+        :param exclude: fields to exclude from new model, as with values this takes precedence over include
+        :param update: values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated before creating
+            the new model: you should trust this data
+        :param deep: set to `True` to make a deep copy of the model
+        :return: new model instance
+        """
+
+        values = dict(
+            self._iter(to_dict=False, by_alias=False, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=False),
+            **(update or {}),
+        )
+
+        # new `__fields_set__` can have unset optional fields with a set value in `update` kwarg
+        if update:
+            fields_set = self.__fields_set__ | update.keys()
+        else:
+            fields_set = set(self.__fields_set__)
+
+        return self._copy_and_set_values(values, fields_set, deep=deep)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schema(cls, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = default_ref_template) -> 'DictStrAny':
+        cached = cls.__schema_cache__.get((by_alias, ref_template))
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+        s = model_schema(cls, by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template)
+        cls.__schema_cache__[(by_alias, ref_template)] = s
+        return s
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schema_json(
+        cls, *, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = default_ref_template, **dumps_kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        from pydantic.v1.json import pydantic_encoder
+
+        return cls.__config__.json_dumps(
+            cls.schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template), default=pydantic_encoder, **dumps_kwargs
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls: Type['Model'], value: Any) -> 'Model':
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            copy_on_model_validation = cls.__config__.copy_on_model_validation
+            # whether to deep or shallow copy the model on validation, None means do not copy
+            deep_copy: Optional[bool] = None
+            if copy_on_model_validation not in {'deep', 'shallow', 'none'}:
+                # Warn about deprecated behavior
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "`copy_on_model_validation` should be a string: 'deep', 'shallow' or 'none'", DeprecationWarning
+                )
+                if copy_on_model_validation:
+                    deep_copy = False
+
+            if copy_on_model_validation == 'shallow':
+                # shallow copy
+                deep_copy = False
+            elif copy_on_model_validation == 'deep':
+                # deep copy
+                deep_copy = True
+
+            if deep_copy is None:
+                return value
+            else:
+                return value._copy_and_set_values(value.__dict__, value.__fields_set__, deep=deep_copy)
+
+        value = cls._enforce_dict_if_root(value)
+
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            return cls(**value)
+        elif cls.__config__.orm_mode:
+            return cls.from_orm(value)
+        else:
+            try:
+                value_as_dict = dict(value)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+                raise DictError() from e
+            return cls(**value_as_dict)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _decompose_class(cls: Type['Model'], obj: Any) -> GetterDict:
+        if isinstance(obj, GetterDict):
+            return obj
+        return cls.__config__.getter_dict(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @no_type_check
+    def _get_value(
+        cls,
+        v: Any,
+        to_dict: bool,
+        by_alias: bool,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']],
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']],
+        exclude_unset: bool,
+        exclude_defaults: bool,
+        exclude_none: bool,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(v, BaseModel):
+            if to_dict:
+                v_dict = v.dict(
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    include=include,
+                    exclude=exclude,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+                if ROOT_KEY in v_dict:
+                    return v_dict[ROOT_KEY]
+                return v_dict
+            else:
+                return v.copy(include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+        value_exclude = ValueItems(v, exclude) if exclude else None
+        value_include = ValueItems(v, include) if include else None
+
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            return {
+                k_: cls._get_value(
+                    v_,
+                    to_dict=to_dict,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    include=value_include and value_include.for_element(k_),
+                    exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(k_),
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+                for k_, v_ in v.items()
+                if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(k_))
+                and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(k_))
+            }
+
+        elif sequence_like(v):
+            seq_args = (
+                cls._get_value(
+                    v_,
+                    to_dict=to_dict,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    include=value_include and value_include.for_element(i),
+                    exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(i),
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+                for i, v_ in enumerate(v)
+                if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(i))
+                and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(i))
+            )
+
+            return v.__class__(*seq_args) if is_namedtuple(v.__class__) else v.__class__(seq_args)
+
+        elif isinstance(v, Enum) and getattr(cls.Config, 'use_enum_values', False):
+            return v.value
+
+        else:
+            return v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __try_update_forward_refs__(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Same as update_forward_refs but will not raise exception
+        when forward references are not defined.
+        """
+        update_model_forward_refs(cls, cls.__fields__.values(), cls.__config__.json_encoders, localns, (NameError,))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_forward_refs(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this Model, globalns and localns.
+        """
+        update_model_forward_refs(cls, cls.__fields__.values(), cls.__config__.json_encoders, localns)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> 'TupleGenerator':
+        """
+        so `dict(model)` works
+        """
+        yield from self.__dict__.items()
+
+    def _iter(
+        self,
+        to_dict: bool = False,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'TupleGenerator':
+        # Merge field set excludes with explicit exclude parameter with explicit overriding field set options.
+        # The extra "is not None" guards are not logically necessary but optimizes performance for the simple case.
+        if exclude is not None or self.__exclude_fields__ is not None:
+            exclude = ValueItems.merge(self.__exclude_fields__, exclude)
+
+        if include is not None or self.__include_fields__ is not None:
+            include = ValueItems.merge(self.__include_fields__, include, intersect=True)
+
+        allowed_keys = self._calculate_keys(
+            include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=exclude_unset  # type: ignore
+        )
+        if allowed_keys is None and not (to_dict or by_alias or exclude_unset or exclude_defaults or exclude_none):
+            # huge boost for plain _iter()
+            yield from self.__dict__.items()
+            return
+
+        value_exclude = ValueItems(self, exclude) if exclude is not None else None
+        value_include = ValueItems(self, include) if include is not None else None
+
+        for field_key, v in self.__dict__.items():
+            if (allowed_keys is not None and field_key not in allowed_keys) or (exclude_none and v is None):
+                continue
+
+            if exclude_defaults:
+                model_field = self.__fields__.get(field_key)
+                if not getattr(model_field, 'required', True) and getattr(model_field, 'default', _missing) == v:
+                    continue
+
+            if by_alias and field_key in self.__fields__:
+                dict_key = self.__fields__[field_key].alias
+            else:
+                dict_key = field_key
+
+            if to_dict or value_include or value_exclude:
+                v = self._get_value(
+                    v,
+                    to_dict=to_dict,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    include=value_include and value_include.for_element(field_key),
+                    exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(field_key),
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+            yield dict_key, v
+
+    def _calculate_keys(
+        self,
+        include: Optional['MappingIntStrAny'],
+        exclude: Optional['MappingIntStrAny'],
+        exclude_unset: bool,
+        update: Optional['DictStrAny'] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[AbstractSet[str]]:
+        if include is None and exclude is None and exclude_unset is False:
+            return None
+
+        keys: AbstractSet[str]
+        if exclude_unset:
+            keys = self.__fields_set__.copy()
+        else:
+            keys = self.__dict__.keys()
+
+        if include is not None:
+            keys &= include.keys()
+
+        if update:
+            keys -= update.keys()
+
+        if exclude:
+            keys -= {k for k, v in exclude.items() if ValueItems.is_true(v)}
+
+        return keys
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, BaseModel):
+            return self.dict() == other.dict()
+        else:
+            return self.dict() == other
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [
+            (k, v)
+            for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
+            if k not in DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES and (k not in self.__fields__ or self.__fields__[k].field_info.repr)
+        ]
+
+
+_is_base_model_class_defined = True
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    __model_name: str,
+    *,
+    __config__: Optional[Type[BaseConfig]] = None,
+    __base__: None = None,
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod'] = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any,
+) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    __model_name: str,
+    *,
+    __config__: Optional[Type[BaseConfig]] = None,
+    __base__: Union[Type['Model'], Tuple[Type['Model'], ...]],
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod'] = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any,
+) -> Type['Model']:
+    ...
+
+
+def create_model(
+    __model_name: str,
+    *,
+    __config__: Optional[Type[BaseConfig]] = None,
+    __base__: Union[None, Type['Model'], Tuple[Type['Model'], ...]] = None,
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod'] = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    __slots__: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any,
+) -> Type['Model']:
+    """
+    Dynamically create a model.
+    :param __model_name: name of the created model
+    :param __config__: config class to use for the new model
+    :param __base__: base class for the new model to inherit from
+    :param __module__: module of the created model
+    :param __validators__: a dict of method names and @validator class methods
+    :param __cls_kwargs__: a dict for class creation
+    :param __slots__: Deprecated, `__slots__` should not be passed to `create_model`
+    :param field_definitions: fields of the model (or extra fields if a base is supplied)
+        in the format `<name>=(<type>, <default default>)` or `<name>=<default value>, e.g.
+        `foobar=(str, ...)` or `foobar=123`, or, for complex use-cases, in the format
+        `<name>=<Field>` or `<name>=(<type>, <FieldInfo>)`, e.g.
+        `foo=Field(datetime, default_factory=datetime.utcnow, alias='bar')` or
+        `foo=(str, FieldInfo(title='Foo'))`
+    """
+    if __slots__ is not None:
+        # __slots__ will be ignored from here on
+        warnings.warn('__slots__ should not be passed to create_model', RuntimeWarning)
+
+    if __base__ is not None:
+        if __config__ is not None:
+            raise ConfigError('to avoid confusion __config__ and __base__ cannot be used together')
+        if not isinstance(__base__, tuple):
+            __base__ = (__base__,)
+    else:
+        __base__ = (cast(Type['Model'], BaseModel),)
+
+    __cls_kwargs__ = __cls_kwargs__ or {}
+
+    fields = {}
+    annotations = {}
+
+    for f_name, f_def in field_definitions.items():
+        if not is_valid_field(f_name):
+            warnings.warn(f'fields may not start with an underscore, ignoring "{f_name}"', RuntimeWarning)
+        if isinstance(f_def, tuple):
+            try:
+                f_annotation, f_value = f_def
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    'field definitions should either be a tuple of (<type>, <default>) or just a '
+                    'default value, unfortunately this means tuples as '
+                    'default values are not allowed'
+                ) from e
+        else:
+            f_annotation, f_value = None, f_def
+
+        if f_annotation:
+            annotations[f_name] = f_annotation
+        fields[f_name] = f_value
+
+    namespace: 'DictStrAny' = {'__annotations__': annotations, '__module__': __module__}
+    if __validators__:
+        namespace.update(__validators__)
+    namespace.update(fields)
+    if __config__:
+        namespace['Config'] = inherit_config(__config__, BaseConfig)
+    resolved_bases = resolve_bases(__base__)
+    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(__model_name, resolved_bases, kwds=__cls_kwargs__)
+    if resolved_bases is not __base__:
+        ns['__orig_bases__'] = __base__
+    namespace.update(ns)
+    return meta(__model_name, resolved_bases, namespace, **kwds)
+
+
+_missing = object()
+
+
+def validate_model(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    model: Type[BaseModel], input_data: 'DictStrAny', cls: 'ModelOrDc' = None
+) -> Tuple['DictStrAny', 'SetStr', Optional[ValidationError]]:
+    """
+    validate data against a model.
+    """
+    values = {}
+    errors = []
+    # input_data names, possibly alias
+    names_used = set()
+    # field names, never aliases
+    fields_set = set()
+    config = model.__config__
+    check_extra = config.extra is not Extra.ignore
+    cls_ = cls or model
+
+    for validator in model.__pre_root_validators__:
+        try:
+            input_data = validator(cls_, input_data)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+            return {}, set(), ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY)], cls_)
+
+    for name, field in model.__fields__.items():
+        value = input_data.get(field.alias, _missing)
+        using_name = False
+        if value is _missing and config.allow_population_by_field_name and field.alt_alias:
+            value = input_data.get(field.name, _missing)
+            using_name = True
+
+        if value is _missing:
+            if field.required:
+                errors.append(ErrorWrapper(MissingError(), loc=field.alias))
+                continue
+
+            value = field.get_default()
+
+            if not config.validate_all and not field.validate_always:
+                values[name] = value
+                continue
+        else:
+            fields_set.add(name)
+            if check_extra:
+                names_used.add(field.name if using_name else field.alias)
+
+        v_, errors_ = field.validate(value, values, loc=field.alias, cls=cls_)
+        if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper):
+            errors.append(errors_)
+        elif isinstance(errors_, list):
+            errors.extend(errors_)
+        else:
+            values[name] = v_
+
+    if check_extra:
+        if isinstance(input_data, GetterDict):
+            extra = input_data.extra_keys() - names_used
+        else:
+            extra = input_data.keys() - names_used
+        if extra:
+            fields_set |= extra
+            if config.extra is Extra.allow:
+                for f in extra:
+                    values[f] = input_data[f]
+            else:
+                for f in sorted(extra):
+                    errors.append(ErrorWrapper(ExtraError(), loc=f))
+
+    for skip_on_failure, validator in model.__post_root_validators__:
+        if skip_on_failure and errors:
+            continue
+        try:
+            values = validator(cls_, values)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+            errors.append(ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY))
+
+    if errors:
+        return values, fields_set, ValidationError(errors, cls_)
+    else:
+        return values, fields_set, None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/mypy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/mypy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a77569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/mypy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+import sys
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type as TypingType, Union
+
+from mypy.errorcodes import ErrorCode
+from mypy.nodes import (
+    ARG_NAMED,
+    ARG_NAMED_OPT,
+    ARG_OPT,
+    ARG_POS,
+    ARG_STAR2,
+    MDEF,
+    Argument,
+    AssignmentStmt,
+    Block,
+    CallExpr,
+    ClassDef,
+    Context,
+    Decorator,
+    EllipsisExpr,
+    FuncBase,
+    FuncDef,
+    JsonDict,
+    MemberExpr,
+    NameExpr,
+    PassStmt,
+    PlaceholderNode,
+    RefExpr,
+    StrExpr,
+    SymbolNode,
+    SymbolTableNode,
+    TempNode,
+    TypeInfo,
+    TypeVarExpr,
+    Var,
+)
+from mypy.options import Options
+from mypy.plugin import (
+    CheckerPluginInterface,
+    ClassDefContext,
+    FunctionContext,
+    MethodContext,
+    Plugin,
+    ReportConfigContext,
+    SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+)
+from mypy.plugins import dataclasses
+from mypy.semanal import set_callable_name  # type: ignore
+from mypy.server.trigger import make_wildcard_trigger
+from mypy.types import (
+    AnyType,
+    CallableType,
+    Instance,
+    NoneType,
+    Overloaded,
+    ProperType,
+    Type,
+    TypeOfAny,
+    TypeType,
+    TypeVarId,
+    TypeVarType,
+    UnionType,
+    get_proper_type,
+)
+from mypy.typevars import fill_typevars
+from mypy.util import get_unique_redefinition_name
+from mypy.version import __version__ as mypy_version
+
+from pydantic.v1.utils import is_valid_field
+
+try:
+    from mypy.types import TypeVarDef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Backward-compatible with TypeVarDef from Mypy 0.910.
+    from mypy.types import TypeVarType as TypeVarDef
+
+CONFIGFILE_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy'
+METADATA_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy-metadata'
+_NAMESPACE = __name__[:-5]  # 'pydantic' in 1.10.X, 'pydantic.v1' in v2.X
+BASEMODEL_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.main.BaseModel'
+BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.env_settings.BaseSettings'
+MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.main.ModelMetaclass'
+FIELD_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.fields.Field'
+DATACLASS_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.dataclasses.dataclass'
+
+
+def parse_mypy_version(version: str) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    return tuple(map(int, version.partition('+')[0].split('.')))
+
+
+MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE = parse_mypy_version(mypy_version)
+BUILTINS_NAME = 'builtins' if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE >= (0, 930) else '__builtins__'
+
+# Increment version if plugin changes and mypy caches should be invalidated
+__version__ = 2
+
+
+def plugin(version: str) -> 'TypingType[Plugin]':
+    """
+    `version` is the mypy version string
+
+    We might want to use this to print a warning if the mypy version being used is
+    newer, or especially older, than we expect (or need).
+    """
+    return PydanticPlugin
+
+
+class PydanticPlugin(Plugin):
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        self.plugin_config = PydanticPluginConfig(options)
+        self._plugin_data = self.plugin_config.to_data()
+        super().__init__(options)
+
+    def get_base_class_hook(self, fullname: str) -> 'Optional[Callable[[ClassDefContext], None]]':
+        sym = self.lookup_fully_qualified(fullname)
+        if sym and isinstance(sym.node, TypeInfo):  # pragma: no branch
+            # No branching may occur if the mypy cache has not been cleared
+            if any(get_fullname(base) == BASEMODEL_FULLNAME for base in sym.node.mro):
+                return self._pydantic_model_class_maker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_metaclass_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Optional[Callable[[ClassDefContext], None]]:
+        if fullname == MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_function_hook(self, fullname: str) -> 'Optional[Callable[[FunctionContext], Type]]':
+        sym = self.lookup_fully_qualified(fullname)
+        if sym and sym.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_field_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_method_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Optional[Callable[[MethodContext], Type]]:
+        if fullname.endswith('.from_orm'):
+            return from_orm_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_class_decorator_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Optional[Callable[[ClassDefContext], None]]:
+        """Mark pydantic.dataclasses as dataclass.
+
+        Mypy version 1.1.1 added support for `@dataclass_transform` decorator.
+        """
+        if fullname == DATACLASS_FULLNAME and MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE < (1, 1):
+            return dataclasses.dataclass_class_maker_callback  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return None
+
+    def report_config_data(self, ctx: ReportConfigContext) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return all plugin config data.
+
+        Used by mypy to determine if cache needs to be discarded.
+        """
+        return self._plugin_data
+
+    def _pydantic_model_class_maker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        transformer = PydanticModelTransformer(ctx, self.plugin_config)
+        transformer.transform()
+
+    def _pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        """Reset dataclass_transform_spec attribute of ModelMetaclass.
+
+        Let the plugin handle it. This behavior can be disabled
+        if 'debug_dataclass_transform' is set to True', for testing purposes.
+        """
+        if self.plugin_config.debug_dataclass_transform:
+            return
+        info_metaclass = ctx.cls.info.declared_metaclass
+        assert info_metaclass, "callback not passed from 'get_metaclass_hook'"
+        if getattr(info_metaclass.type, 'dataclass_transform_spec', None):
+            info_metaclass.type.dataclass_transform_spec = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _pydantic_field_callback(self, ctx: FunctionContext) -> 'Type':
+        """
+        Extract the type of the `default` argument from the Field function, and use it as the return type.
+
+        In particular:
+        * Check whether the default and default_factory argument is specified.
+        * Output an error if both are specified.
+        * Retrieve the type of the argument which is specified, and use it as return type for the function.
+        """
+        default_any_type = ctx.default_return_type
+
+        assert ctx.callee_arg_names[0] == 'default', '"default" is no longer first argument in Field()'
+        assert ctx.callee_arg_names[1] == 'default_factory', '"default_factory" is no longer second argument in Field()'
+        default_args = ctx.args[0]
+        default_factory_args = ctx.args[1]
+
+        if default_args and default_factory_args:
+            error_default_and_default_factory_specified(ctx.api, ctx.context)
+            return default_any_type
+
+        if default_args:
+            default_type = ctx.arg_types[0][0]
+            default_arg = default_args[0]
+
+            # Fallback to default Any type if the field is required
+            if not isinstance(default_arg, EllipsisExpr):
+                return default_type
+
+        elif default_factory_args:
+            default_factory_type = ctx.arg_types[1][0]
+
+            # Functions which use `ParamSpec` can be overloaded, exposing the callable's types as a parameter
+            # Pydantic calls the default factory without any argument, so we retrieve the first item
+            if isinstance(default_factory_type, Overloaded):
+                if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE > (0, 910):
+                    default_factory_type = default_factory_type.items[0]
+                else:
+                    # Mypy0.910 exposes the items of overloaded types in a function
+                    default_factory_type = default_factory_type.items()[0]  # type: ignore[operator]
+
+            if isinstance(default_factory_type, CallableType):
+                ret_type = get_proper_type(default_factory_type.ret_type)
+                if (
+                    isinstance(ret_type, Instance)
+                    and ret_type.args
+                    and all(isinstance(arg, TypeVarType) for arg in ret_type.args)
+                ):
+                    # Looks like the default factory is a type like `list` or `dict`, replace all args with `Any`
+                    ret_type = ret_type.copy_modified(args=[default_any_type] * len(ret_type.args))
+                return ret_type
+
+        return default_any_type
+
+
+class PydanticPluginConfig:
+    __slots__ = (
+        'init_forbid_extra',
+        'init_typed',
+        'warn_required_dynamic_aliases',
+        'warn_untyped_fields',
+        'debug_dataclass_transform',
+    )
+    init_forbid_extra: bool
+    init_typed: bool
+    warn_required_dynamic_aliases: bool
+    warn_untyped_fields: bool
+    debug_dataclass_transform: bool  # undocumented
+
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        if options.config_file is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+
+        toml_config = parse_toml(options.config_file)
+        if toml_config is not None:
+            config = toml_config.get('tool', {}).get('pydantic-mypy', {})
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = config.get(key, False)
+                if not isinstance(setting, bool):
+                    raise ValueError(f'Configuration value must be a boolean for key: {key}')
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+        else:
+            plugin_config = ConfigParser()
+            plugin_config.read(options.config_file)
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = plugin_config.getboolean(CONFIGFILE_KEY, key, fallback=False)
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+
+    def to_data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {key: getattr(self, key) for key in self.__slots__}
+
+
+def from_orm_callback(ctx: MethodContext) -> Type:
+    """
+    Raise an error if orm_mode is not enabled
+    """
+    model_type: Instance
+    ctx_type = ctx.type
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, TypeType):
+        ctx_type = ctx_type.item
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, CallableType) and isinstance(ctx_type.ret_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type.ret_type  # called on the class
+    elif isinstance(ctx_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type  # called on an instance (unusual, but still valid)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        detail = f'ctx.type: {ctx_type} (of type {ctx_type.__class__.__name__})'
+        error_unexpected_behavior(detail, ctx.api, ctx.context)
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    pydantic_metadata = model_type.type.metadata.get(METADATA_KEY)
+    if pydantic_metadata is None:
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    orm_mode = pydantic_metadata.get('config', {}).get('orm_mode')
+    if orm_mode is not True:
+        error_from_orm(get_name(model_type.type), ctx.api, ctx.context)
+    return ctx.default_return_type
+
+
+class PydanticModelTransformer:
+    tracked_config_fields: Set[str] = {
+        'extra',
+        'allow_mutation',
+        'frozen',
+        'orm_mode',
+        'allow_population_by_field_name',
+        'alias_generator',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: ClassDefContext, plugin_config: PydanticPluginConfig) -> None:
+        self._ctx = ctx
+        self.plugin_config = plugin_config
+
+    def transform(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Configures the BaseModel subclass according to the plugin settings.
+
+        In particular:
+        * determines the model config and fields,
+        * adds a fields-aware signature for the initializer and construct methods
+        * freezes the class if allow_mutation = False or frozen = True
+        * stores the fields, config, and if the class is settings in the mypy metadata for access by subclasses
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        info = ctx.cls.info
+
+        self.adjust_validator_signatures()
+        config = self.collect_config()
+        fields = self.collect_fields(config)
+        is_settings = any(get_fullname(base) == BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME for base in info.mro[:-1])
+        self.add_initializer(fields, config, is_settings)
+        self.add_construct_method(fields)
+        self.set_frozen(fields, frozen=config.allow_mutation is False or config.frozen is True)
+        info.metadata[METADATA_KEY] = {
+            'fields': {field.name: field.serialize() for field in fields},
+            'config': config.set_values_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def adjust_validator_signatures(self) -> None:
+        """When we decorate a function `f` with `pydantic.validator(...), mypy sees
+        `f` as a regular method taking a `self` instance, even though pydantic
+        internally wraps `f` with `classmethod` if necessary.
+
+        Teach mypy this by marking any function whose outermost decorator is a
+        `validator()` call as a classmethod.
+        """
+        for name, sym in self._ctx.cls.info.names.items():
+            if isinstance(sym.node, Decorator):
+                first_dec = sym.node.original_decorators[0]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(first_dec, CallExpr)
+                    and isinstance(first_dec.callee, NameExpr)
+                    and first_dec.callee.fullname == f'{_NAMESPACE}.class_validators.validator'
+                ):
+                    sym.node.func.is_class = True
+
+    def collect_config(self) -> 'ModelConfigData':
+        """
+        Collects the values of the config attributes that are used by the plugin, accounting for parent classes.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        cls = ctx.cls
+        config = ModelConfigData()
+        for stmt in cls.defs.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, ClassDef):
+                continue
+            if stmt.name == 'Config':
+                for substmt in stmt.defs.body:
+                    if not isinstance(substmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                        continue
+                    config.update(self.get_config_update(substmt))
+                if (
+                    config.has_alias_generator
+                    and not config.allow_population_by_field_name
+                    and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+                ):
+                    error_required_dynamic_aliases(ctx.api, stmt)
+        for info in cls.info.mro[1:]:  # 0 is the current class
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            # Each class depends on the set of fields in its ancestors
+            ctx.api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(get_fullname(info)))
+            for name, value in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['config'].items():
+                config.setdefault(name, value)
+        return config
+
+    def collect_fields(self, model_config: 'ModelConfigData') -> List['PydanticModelField']:
+        """
+        Collects the fields for the model, accounting for parent classes
+        """
+        # First, collect fields belonging to the current class.
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        cls = self._ctx.cls
+        fields = []  # type: List[PydanticModelField]
+        known_fields = set()  # type: Set[str]
+        for stmt in cls.defs.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, AssignmentStmt):  # `and stmt.new_syntax` to require annotation
+                continue
+
+            lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+            if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) or not is_valid_field(lhs.name):
+                continue
+
+            if not stmt.new_syntax and self.plugin_config.warn_untyped_fields:
+                error_untyped_fields(ctx.api, stmt)
+
+            # if lhs.name == '__config__':  # BaseConfig not well handled; I'm not sure why yet
+            #     continue
+
+            sym = cls.info.names.get(lhs.name)
+            if sym is None:  # pragma: no cover
+                # This is likely due to a star import (see the dataclasses plugin for a more detailed explanation)
+                # This is the same logic used in the dataclasses plugin
+                continue
+
+            node = sym.node
+            if isinstance(node, PlaceholderNode):  # pragma: no cover
+                # See the PlaceholderNode docstring for more detail about how this can occur
+                # Basically, it is an edge case when dealing with complex import logic
+                # This is the same logic used in the dataclasses plugin
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(node, Var):  # pragma: no cover
+                # Don't know if this edge case still happens with the `is_valid_field` check above
+                # but better safe than sorry
+                continue
+
+            # x: ClassVar[int] is ignored by dataclasses.
+            if node.is_classvar:
+                continue
+
+            is_required = self.get_is_required(cls, stmt, lhs)
+            alias, has_dynamic_alias = self.get_alias_info(stmt)
+            if (
+                has_dynamic_alias
+                and not model_config.allow_population_by_field_name
+                and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+            ):
+                error_required_dynamic_aliases(ctx.api, stmt)
+            fields.append(
+                PydanticModelField(
+                    name=lhs.name,
+                    is_required=is_required,
+                    alias=alias,
+                    has_dynamic_alias=has_dynamic_alias,
+                    line=stmt.line,
+                    column=stmt.column,
+                )
+            )
+            known_fields.add(lhs.name)
+        all_fields = fields.copy()
+        for info in cls.info.mro[1:]:  # 0 is the current class, -2 is BaseModel, -1 is object
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            superclass_fields = []
+            # Each class depends on the set of fields in its ancestors
+            ctx.api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(get_fullname(info)))
+
+            for name, data in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['fields'].items():
+                if name not in known_fields:
+                    field = PydanticModelField.deserialize(info, data)
+                    known_fields.add(name)
+                    superclass_fields.append(field)
+                else:
+                    (field,) = (a for a in all_fields if a.name == name)
+                    all_fields.remove(field)
+                    superclass_fields.append(field)
+            all_fields = superclass_fields + all_fields
+        return all_fields
+
+    def add_initializer(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], config: 'ModelConfigData', is_settings: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a fields-aware `__init__` method to the class.
+
+        The added `__init__` will be annotated with types vs. all `Any` depending on the plugin settings.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        typed = self.plugin_config.init_typed
+        use_alias = config.allow_population_by_field_name is not True
+        force_all_optional = is_settings or bool(
+            config.has_alias_generator and not config.allow_population_by_field_name
+        )
+        init_arguments = self.get_field_arguments(
+            fields, typed=typed, force_all_optional=force_all_optional, use_alias=use_alias
+        )
+        if not self.should_init_forbid_extra(fields, config):
+            var = Var('kwargs')
+            init_arguments.append(Argument(var, AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit), None, ARG_STAR2))
+
+        if '__init__' not in ctx.cls.info.names:
+            add_method(ctx, '__init__', init_arguments, NoneType())
+
+    def add_construct_method(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField']) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a fully typed `construct` classmethod to the class.
+
+        Similar to the fields-aware __init__ method, but always uses the field names (not aliases),
+        and does not treat settings fields as optional.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        set_str = ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.set', [ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.str')])
+        optional_set_str = UnionType([set_str, NoneType()])
+        fields_set_argument = Argument(Var('_fields_set', optional_set_str), optional_set_str, None, ARG_OPT)
+        construct_arguments = self.get_field_arguments(fields, typed=True, force_all_optional=False, use_alias=False)
+        construct_arguments = [fields_set_argument] + construct_arguments
+
+        obj_type = ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.object')
+        self_tvar_name = '_PydanticBaseModel'  # Make sure it does not conflict with other names in the class
+        tvar_fullname = ctx.cls.fullname + '.' + self_tvar_name
+        if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE >= (1, 4):
+            tvd = TypeVarType(
+                self_tvar_name,
+                tvar_fullname,
+                (
+                    TypeVarId(-1, namespace=ctx.cls.fullname + '.construct')
+                    if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE >= (1, 11)
+                    else TypeVarId(-1)
+                ),
+                [],
+                obj_type,
+                AnyType(TypeOfAny.from_omitted_generics),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+            self_tvar_expr = TypeVarExpr(
+                self_tvar_name,
+                tvar_fullname,
+                [],
+                obj_type,
+                AnyType(TypeOfAny.from_omitted_generics),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+        else:
+            tvd = TypeVarDef(self_tvar_name, tvar_fullname, -1, [], obj_type)
+            self_tvar_expr = TypeVarExpr(self_tvar_name, tvar_fullname, [], obj_type)
+        ctx.cls.info.names[self_tvar_name] = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, self_tvar_expr)
+
+        # Backward-compatible with TypeVarDef from Mypy 0.910.
+        if isinstance(tvd, TypeVarType):
+            self_type = tvd
+        else:
+            self_type = TypeVarType(tvd)
+
+        add_method(
+            ctx,
+            'construct',
+            construct_arguments,
+            return_type=self_type,
+            self_type=self_type,
+            tvar_def=tvd,
+            is_classmethod=True,
+        )
+
+    def set_frozen(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], frozen: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Marks all fields as properties so that attempts to set them trigger mypy errors.
+
+        This is the same approach used by the attrs and dataclasses plugins.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        info = ctx.cls.info
+        for field in fields:
+            sym_node = info.names.get(field.name)
+            if sym_node is not None:
+                var = sym_node.node
+                if isinstance(var, Var):
+                    var.is_property = frozen
+                elif isinstance(var, PlaceholderNode) and not ctx.api.final_iteration:
+                    # See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5191 to hit this branch for test coverage
+                    ctx.api.defer()
+                else:  # pragma: no cover
+                    # I don't know whether it's possible to hit this branch, but I've added it for safety
+                    try:
+                        var_str = str(var)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        # This happens for PlaceholderNode; perhaps it will happen for other types in the future..
+                        var_str = repr(var)
+                    detail = f'sym_node.node: {var_str} (of type {var.__class__})'
+                    error_unexpected_behavior(detail, ctx.api, ctx.cls)
+            else:
+                var = field.to_var(info, use_alias=False)
+                var.info = info
+                var.is_property = frozen
+                var._fullname = get_fullname(info) + '.' + get_name(var)
+                info.names[get_name(var)] = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, var)
+
+    def get_config_update(self, substmt: AssignmentStmt) -> Optional['ModelConfigData']:
+        """
+        Determines the config update due to a single statement in the Config class definition.
+
+        Warns if a tracked config attribute is set to a value the plugin doesn't know how to interpret (e.g., an int)
+        """
+        lhs = substmt.lvalues[0]
+        if not (isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) and lhs.name in self.tracked_config_fields):
+            return None
+        if lhs.name == 'extra':
+            if isinstance(substmt.rvalue, StrExpr):
+                forbid_extra = substmt.rvalue.value == 'forbid'
+            elif isinstance(substmt.rvalue, MemberExpr):
+                forbid_extra = substmt.rvalue.name == 'forbid'
+            else:
+                error_invalid_config_value(lhs.name, self._ctx.api, substmt)
+                return None
+            return ModelConfigData(forbid_extra=forbid_extra)
+        if lhs.name == 'alias_generator':
+            has_alias_generator = True
+            if isinstance(substmt.rvalue, NameExpr) and substmt.rvalue.fullname == 'builtins.None':
+                has_alias_generator = False
+            return ModelConfigData(has_alias_generator=has_alias_generator)
+        if isinstance(substmt.rvalue, NameExpr) and substmt.rvalue.fullname in ('builtins.True', 'builtins.False'):
+            return ModelConfigData(**{lhs.name: substmt.rvalue.fullname == 'builtins.True'})
+        error_invalid_config_value(lhs.name, self._ctx.api, substmt)
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_is_required(cls: ClassDef, stmt: AssignmentStmt, lhs: NameExpr) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns a boolean indicating whether the field defined in `stmt` is a required field.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only, so only non-required if Optional
+            value_type = get_proper_type(cls.info[lhs.name].type)
+            return not PydanticModelTransformer.type_has_implicit_default(value_type)
+        if isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            # The "default value" is a call to `Field`; at this point, the field is
+            # only required if default is Ellipsis (i.e., `field_name: Annotation = Field(...)`) or if default_factory
+            # is specified.
+            for arg, name in zip(expr.args, expr.arg_names):
+                # If name is None, then this arg is the default because it is the only positional argument.
+                if name is None or name == 'default':
+                    return arg.__class__ is EllipsisExpr
+                if name == 'default_factory':
+                    return False
+            # In this case, default and default_factory are not specified, so we need to look at the annotation
+            value_type = get_proper_type(cls.info[lhs.name].type)
+            return not PydanticModelTransformer.type_has_implicit_default(value_type)
+        # Only required if the "default value" is Ellipsis (i.e., `field_name: Annotation = ...`)
+        return isinstance(expr, EllipsisExpr)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def type_has_implicit_default(type_: Optional[ProperType]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns True if the passed type will be given an implicit default value.
+
+        In pydantic v1, this is the case for Optional types and Any (with default value None).
+        """
+        if isinstance(type_, AnyType):
+            # Annotated as Any
+            return True
+        if isinstance(type_, UnionType) and any(
+            isinstance(item, NoneType) or isinstance(item, AnyType) for item in type_.items
+        ):
+            # Annotated as Optional, or otherwise having NoneType or AnyType in the union
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_alias_info(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+        """
+        Returns a pair (alias, has_dynamic_alias), extracted from the declaration of the field defined in `stmt`.
+
+        `has_dynamic_alias` is True if and only if an alias is provided, but not as a string literal.
+        If `has_dynamic_alias` is True, `alias` will be None.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only
+            return None, False
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME
+        ):
+            # Assigned value is not a call to pydantic.fields.Field
+            return None, False
+
+        for i, arg_name in enumerate(expr.arg_names):
+            if arg_name != 'alias':
+                continue
+            arg = expr.args[i]
+            if isinstance(arg, StrExpr):
+                return arg.value, False
+            else:
+                return None, True
+        return None, False
+
+    def get_field_arguments(
+        self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], typed: bool, force_all_optional: bool, use_alias: bool
+    ) -> List[Argument]:
+        """
+        Helper function used during the construction of the `__init__` and `construct` method signatures.
+
+        Returns a list of mypy Argument instances for use in the generated signatures.
+        """
+        info = self._ctx.cls.info
+        arguments = [
+            field.to_argument(info, typed=typed, force_optional=force_all_optional, use_alias=use_alias)
+            for field in fields
+            if not (use_alias and field.has_dynamic_alias)
+        ]
+        return arguments
+
+    def should_init_forbid_extra(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], config: 'ModelConfigData') -> bool:
+        """
+        Indicates whether the generated `__init__` should get a `**kwargs` at the end of its signature
+
+        We disallow arbitrary kwargs if the extra config setting is "forbid", or if the plugin config says to,
+        *unless* a required dynamic alias is present (since then we can't determine a valid signature).
+        """
+        if not config.allow_population_by_field_name:
+            if self.is_dynamic_alias_present(fields, bool(config.has_alias_generator)):
+                return False
+        if config.forbid_extra:
+            return True
+        return self.plugin_config.init_forbid_extra
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_dynamic_alias_present(fields: List['PydanticModelField'], has_alias_generator: bool) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns whether any fields on the model have a "dynamic alias", i.e., an alias that cannot be
+        determined during static analysis.
+        """
+        for field in fields:
+            if field.has_dynamic_alias:
+                return True
+        if has_alias_generator:
+            for field in fields:
+                if field.alias is None:
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+
+class PydanticModelField:
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, is_required: bool, alias: Optional[str], has_dynamic_alias: bool, line: int, column: int
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.is_required = is_required
+        self.alias = alias
+        self.has_dynamic_alias = has_dynamic_alias
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+
+    def to_var(self, info: TypeInfo, use_alias: bool) -> Var:
+        name = self.name
+        if use_alias and self.alias is not None:
+            name = self.alias
+        return Var(name, info[self.name].type)
+
+    def to_argument(self, info: TypeInfo, typed: bool, force_optional: bool, use_alias: bool) -> Argument:
+        if typed and info[self.name].type is not None:
+            type_annotation = info[self.name].type
+        else:
+            type_annotation = AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit)
+        return Argument(
+            variable=self.to_var(info, use_alias),
+            type_annotation=type_annotation,
+            initializer=None,
+            kind=ARG_NAMED_OPT if force_optional or not self.is_required else ARG_NAMED,
+        )
+
+    def serialize(self) -> JsonDict:
+        return self.__dict__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, info: TypeInfo, data: JsonDict) -> 'PydanticModelField':
+        return cls(**data)
+
+
+class ModelConfigData:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        forbid_extra: Optional[bool] = None,
+        allow_mutation: Optional[bool] = None,
+        frozen: Optional[bool] = None,
+        orm_mode: Optional[bool] = None,
+        allow_population_by_field_name: Optional[bool] = None,
+        has_alias_generator: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ):
+        self.forbid_extra = forbid_extra
+        self.allow_mutation = allow_mutation
+        self.frozen = frozen
+        self.orm_mode = orm_mode
+        self.allow_population_by_field_name = allow_population_by_field_name
+        self.has_alias_generator = has_alias_generator
+
+    def set_values_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if v is not None}
+
+    def update(self, config: Optional['ModelConfigData']) -> None:
+        if config is None:
+            return
+        for k, v in config.set_values_dict().items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        if getattr(self, key) is None:
+            setattr(self, key, value)
+
+
+ERROR_ORM = ErrorCode('pydantic-orm', 'Invalid from_orm call', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_CONFIG = ErrorCode('pydantic-config', 'Invalid config value', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_ALIAS = ErrorCode('pydantic-alias', 'Dynamic alias disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNEXPECTED = ErrorCode('pydantic-unexpected', 'Unexpected behavior', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNTYPED = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Untyped field disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_FIELD_DEFAULTS = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Invalid Field defaults', 'Pydantic')
+
+
+def error_from_orm(model_name: str, api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail(f'"{model_name}" does not have orm_mode=True', context, code=ERROR_ORM)
+
+
+def error_invalid_config_value(name: str, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail(f'Invalid value for "Config.{name}"', context, code=ERROR_CONFIG)
+
+
+def error_required_dynamic_aliases(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail('Required dynamic aliases disallowed', context, code=ERROR_ALIAS)
+
+
+def error_unexpected_behavior(
+    detail: str, api: Union[CheckerPluginInterface, SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface], context: Context
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Can't think of a good way to test this, but I confirmed it renders as desired by adding to a non-error path
+    link = 'https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/new/choose'
+    full_message = f'The pydantic mypy plugin ran into unexpected behavior: {detail}\n'
+    full_message += f'Please consider reporting this bug at {link} so we can try to fix it!'
+    api.fail(full_message, context, code=ERROR_UNEXPECTED)
+
+
+def error_untyped_fields(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail('Untyped fields disallowed', context, code=ERROR_UNTYPED)
+
+
+def error_default_and_default_factory_specified(api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail('Field default and default_factory cannot be specified together', context, code=ERROR_FIELD_DEFAULTS)
+
+
+def add_method(
+    ctx: ClassDefContext,
+    name: str,
+    args: List[Argument],
+    return_type: Type,
+    self_type: Optional[Type] = None,
+    tvar_def: Optional[TypeVarDef] = None,
+    is_classmethod: bool = False,
+    is_new: bool = False,
+    # is_staticmethod: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Adds a new method to a class.
+
+    This can be dropped if/when https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7301 is merged
+    """
+    info = ctx.cls.info
+
+    # First remove any previously generated methods with the same name
+    # to avoid clashes and problems in the semantic analyzer.
+    if name in info.names:
+        sym = info.names[name]
+        if sym.plugin_generated and isinstance(sym.node, FuncDef):
+            ctx.cls.defs.body.remove(sym.node)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    self_type = self_type or fill_typevars(info)
+    if is_classmethod or is_new:
+        first = [Argument(Var('_cls'), TypeType.make_normalized(self_type), None, ARG_POS)]
+    # elif is_staticmethod:
+    #     first = []
+    else:
+        self_type = self_type or fill_typevars(info)
+        first = [Argument(Var('__pydantic_self__'), self_type, None, ARG_POS)]
+    args = first + args
+    arg_types, arg_names, arg_kinds = [], [], []
+    for arg in args:
+        assert arg.type_annotation, 'All arguments must be fully typed.'
+        arg_types.append(arg.type_annotation)
+        arg_names.append(get_name(arg.variable))
+        arg_kinds.append(arg.kind)
+
+    function_type = ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.function')
+    signature = CallableType(
+        arg_types, arg_kinds, arg_names, return_type, function_type, variables=[tvar_def] if tvar_def else None
+    )
+
+    func = FuncDef(name, args, Block([PassStmt()]))
+    func.info = info
+    func.type = set_callable_name(signature, func)
+    func.is_class = is_classmethod
+    # func.is_static = is_staticmethod
+    func._fullname = get_fullname(info) + '.' + name
+    func.line = info.line
+
+    # NOTE: we would like the plugin generated node to dominate, but we still
+    # need to keep any existing definitions so they get semantically analyzed.
+    if name in info.names:
+        # Get a nice unique name instead.
+        r_name = get_unique_redefinition_name(name, info.names)
+        info.names[r_name] = info.names[name]
+
+    if is_classmethod:  # or is_staticmethod:
+        func.is_decorated = True
+        v = Var(name, func.type)
+        v.info = info
+        v._fullname = func._fullname
+        # if is_classmethod:
+        v.is_classmethod = True
+        dec = Decorator(func, [NameExpr('classmethod')], v)
+        # else:
+        #     v.is_staticmethod = True
+        #     dec = Decorator(func, [NameExpr('staticmethod')], v)
+
+        dec.line = info.line
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, dec)
+    else:
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, func)
+    sym.plugin_generated = True
+
+    info.names[name] = sym
+    info.defn.defs.body.append(func)
+
+
+def get_fullname(x: Union[FuncBase, SymbolNode]) -> str:
+    """
+    Used for compatibility with mypy 0.740; can be dropped once support for 0.740 is dropped.
+    """
+    fn = x.fullname
+    if callable(fn):  # pragma: no cover
+        return fn()
+    return fn
+
+
+def get_name(x: Union[FuncBase, SymbolNode]) -> str:
+    """
+    Used for compatibility with mypy 0.740; can be dropped once support for 0.740 is dropped.
+    """
+    fn = x.name
+    if callable(fn):  # pragma: no cover
+        return fn()
+    return fn
+
+
+def parse_toml(config_file: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not config_file.endswith('.toml'):
+        return None
+
+    read_mode = 'rb'
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        import tomllib as toml_
+    else:
+        try:
+            import tomli as toml_
+        except ImportError:
+            # older versions of mypy have toml as a dependency, not tomli
+            read_mode = 'r'
+            try:
+                import toml as toml_  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                import warnings
+
+                warnings.warn('No TOML parser installed, cannot read configuration from `pyproject.toml`.')
+                return None
+
+    with open(config_file, read_mode) as rf:
+        return toml_.load(rf)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/networks.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/networks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba07b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/networks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+import re
+from ipaddress import (
+    IPv4Address,
+    IPv4Interface,
+    IPv4Network,
+    IPv6Address,
+    IPv6Interface,
+    IPv6Network,
+    _BaseAddress,
+    _BaseNetwork,
+)
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Match,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    no_type_check,
+)
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+from pydantic.v1.utils import Representation, update_not_none
+from pydantic.v1.validators import constr_length_validator, str_validator
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import email_validator
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyCallable
+
+    CallableGenerator = Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]
+
+    class Parts(TypedDict, total=False):
+        scheme: str
+        user: Optional[str]
+        password: Optional[str]
+        ipv4: Optional[str]
+        ipv6: Optional[str]
+        domain: Optional[str]
+        port: Optional[str]
+        path: Optional[str]
+        query: Optional[str]
+        fragment: Optional[str]
+
+    class HostParts(TypedDict, total=False):
+        host: str
+        tld: Optional[str]
+        host_type: Optional[str]
+        port: Optional[str]
+        rebuild: bool
+
+else:
+    email_validator = None
+
+    class Parts(dict):
+        pass
+
+
+NetworkType = Union[str, bytes, int, Tuple[Union[str, bytes, int], Union[str, int]]]
+
+__all__ = [
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'stricturl',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+]
+
+_url_regex_cache = None
+_multi_host_url_regex_cache = None
+_ascii_domain_regex_cache = None
+_int_domain_regex_cache = None
+_host_regex_cache = None
+
+_host_regex = (
+    r'(?:'
+    r'(?P<ipv4>(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3})(?=$|[/:#?])|'  # ipv4
+    r'(?P<ipv6>\[[A-F0-9]*:[A-F0-9:]+\])(?=$|[/:#?])|'  # ipv6
+    r'(?P<domain>[^\s/:?#]+)'  # domain, validation occurs later
+    r')?'
+    r'(?::(?P<port>\d+))?'  # port
+)
+_scheme_regex = r'(?:(?P<scheme>[a-z][a-z0-9+\-.]+)://)?'  # scheme https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-A
+_user_info_regex = r'(?:(?P<user>[^\s:/]*)(?::(?P<password>[^\s/]*))?@)?'
+_path_regex = r'(?P<path>/[^\s?#]*)?'
+_query_regex = r'(?:\?(?P<query>[^\s#]*))?'
+_fragment_regex = r'(?:#(?P<fragment>[^\s#]*))?'
+
+
+def url_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _url_regex_cache
+    if _url_regex_cache is None:
+        _url_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            rf'{_scheme_regex}{_user_info_regex}{_host_regex}{_path_regex}{_query_regex}{_fragment_regex}',
+            re.IGNORECASE,
+        )
+    return _url_regex_cache
+
+
+def multi_host_url_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    """
+    Compiled multi host url regex.
+
+    Additionally to `url_regex` it allows to match multiple hosts.
+    E.g. host1.db.net,host2.db.net
+    """
+    global _multi_host_url_regex_cache
+    if _multi_host_url_regex_cache is None:
+        _multi_host_url_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            rf'{_scheme_regex}{_user_info_regex}'
+            r'(?P<hosts>([^/]*))'  # validation occurs later
+            rf'{_path_regex}{_query_regex}{_fragment_regex}',
+            re.IGNORECASE,
+        )
+    return _multi_host_url_regex_cache
+
+
+def ascii_domain_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _ascii_domain_regex_cache
+    if _ascii_domain_regex_cache is None:
+        ascii_chunk = r'[_0-9a-z](?:[-_0-9a-z]{0,61}[_0-9a-z])?'
+        ascii_domain_ending = r'(?P<tld>\.[a-z]{2,63})?\.?'
+        _ascii_domain_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            fr'(?:{ascii_chunk}\.)*?{ascii_chunk}{ascii_domain_ending}', re.IGNORECASE
+        )
+    return _ascii_domain_regex_cache
+
+
+def int_domain_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _int_domain_regex_cache
+    if _int_domain_regex_cache is None:
+        int_chunk = r'[_0-9a-\U00040000](?:[-_0-9a-\U00040000]{0,61}[_0-9a-\U00040000])?'
+        int_domain_ending = r'(?P<tld>(\.[^\W\d_]{2,63})|(\.(?:xn--)[_0-9a-z-]{2,63}))?\.?'
+        _int_domain_regex_cache = re.compile(fr'(?:{int_chunk}\.)*?{int_chunk}{int_domain_ending}', re.IGNORECASE)
+    return _int_domain_regex_cache
+
+
+def host_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _host_regex_cache
+    if _host_regex_cache is None:
+        _host_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            _host_regex,
+            re.IGNORECASE,
+        )
+    return _host_regex_cache
+
+
+class AnyUrl(str):
+    strip_whitespace = True
+    min_length = 1
+    max_length = 2**16
+    allowed_schemes: Optional[Collection[str]] = None
+    tld_required: bool = False
+    user_required: bool = False
+    host_required: bool = True
+    hidden_parts: Set[str] = set()
+
+    __slots__ = ('scheme', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'tld', 'host_type', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment')
+
+    @no_type_check
+    def __new__(cls, url: Optional[str], **kwargs) -> object:
+        return str.__new__(cls, cls.build(**kwargs) if url is None else url)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        user: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        tld: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_type: str = 'domain',
+        port: Optional[str] = None,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        query: Optional[str] = None,
+        fragment: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        str.__init__(url)
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        self.user = user
+        self.password = password
+        self.host = host
+        self.tld = tld
+        self.host_type = host_type
+        self.port = port
+        self.path = path
+        self.query = query
+        self.fragment = fragment
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        user: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        host: str,
+        port: Optional[str] = None,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        query: Optional[str] = None,
+        fragment: Optional[str] = None,
+        **_kwargs: str,
+    ) -> str:
+        parts = Parts(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            user=user,
+            password=password,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            path=path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=fragment,
+            **_kwargs,  # type: ignore[misc]
+        )
+
+        url = scheme + '://'
+        if user:
+            url += user
+        if password:
+            url += ':' + password
+        if user or password:
+            url += '@'
+        url += host
+        if port and ('port' not in cls.hidden_parts or cls.get_default_parts(parts).get('port') != port):
+            url += ':' + port
+        if path:
+            url += path
+        if query:
+            url += '?' + query
+        if fragment:
+            url += '#' + fragment
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minLength=cls.min_length, maxLength=cls.max_length, format='uri')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any, field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'AnyUrl':
+        if value.__class__ == cls:
+            return value
+        value = str_validator(value)
+        if cls.strip_whitespace:
+            value = value.strip()
+        url: str = cast(str, constr_length_validator(value, field, config))
+
+        m = cls._match_url(url)
+        # the regex should always match, if it doesn't please report with details of the URL tried
+        assert m, 'URL regex failed unexpectedly'
+
+        original_parts = cast('Parts', m.groupdict())
+        parts = cls.apply_default_parts(original_parts)
+        parts = cls.validate_parts(parts)
+
+        if m.end() != len(url):
+            raise errors.UrlExtraError(extra=url[m.end() :])
+
+        return cls._build_url(m, url, parts)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_url(cls, m: Match[str], url: str, parts: 'Parts') -> 'AnyUrl':
+        """
+        Validate hosts and build the AnyUrl object. Split from `validate` so this method
+        can be altered in `MultiHostDsn`.
+        """
+        host, tld, host_type, rebuild = cls.validate_host(parts)
+
+        return cls(
+            None if rebuild else url,
+            scheme=parts['scheme'],
+            user=parts['user'],
+            password=parts['password'],
+            host=host,
+            tld=tld,
+            host_type=host_type,
+            port=parts['port'],
+            path=parts['path'],
+            query=parts['query'],
+            fragment=parts['fragment'],
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _match_url(url: str) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
+        return url_regex().match(url)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_port(port: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if port is not None and int(port) > 65_535:
+            raise errors.UrlPortError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts', validate_port: bool = True) -> 'Parts':
+        """
+        A method used to validate parts of a URL.
+        Could be overridden to set default values for parts if missing
+        """
+        scheme = parts['scheme']
+        if scheme is None:
+            raise errors.UrlSchemeError()
+
+        if cls.allowed_schemes and scheme.lower() not in cls.allowed_schemes:
+            raise errors.UrlSchemePermittedError(set(cls.allowed_schemes))
+
+        if validate_port:
+            cls._validate_port(parts['port'])
+
+        user = parts['user']
+        if cls.user_required and user is None:
+            raise errors.UrlUserInfoError()
+
+        return parts
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_host(cls, parts: 'Parts') -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], str, bool]:
+        tld, host_type, rebuild = None, None, False
+        for f in ('domain', 'ipv4', 'ipv6'):
+            host = parts[f]  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+            if host:
+                host_type = f
+                break
+
+        if host is None:
+            if cls.host_required:
+                raise errors.UrlHostError()
+        elif host_type == 'domain':
+            is_international = False
+            d = ascii_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
+            if d is None:
+                d = int_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
+                if d is None:
+                    raise errors.UrlHostError()
+                is_international = True
+
+            tld = d.group('tld')
+            if tld is None and not is_international:
+                d = int_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
+                assert d is not None
+                tld = d.group('tld')
+                is_international = True
+
+            if tld is not None:
+                tld = tld[1:]
+            elif cls.tld_required:
+                raise errors.UrlHostTldError()
+
+            if is_international:
+                host_type = 'int_domain'
+                rebuild = True
+                host = host.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
+                if tld is not None:
+                    tld = tld.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
+
+        return host, tld, host_type, rebuild  # type: ignore
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def apply_default_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        for key, value in cls.get_default_parts(parts).items():
+            if not parts[key]:  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+                parts[key] = value  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+        return parts
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        extra = ', '.join(f'{n}={getattr(self, n)!r}' for n in self.__slots__ if getattr(self, n) is not None)
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()}, {extra})'
+
+
+class AnyHttpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'http', 'https'}
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class HttpUrl(AnyHttpUrl):
+    tld_required = True
+    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/417142/what-is-the-maximum-length-of-a-url-in-different-browsers
+    max_length = 2083
+    hidden_parts = {'port'}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {'port': '80' if parts['scheme'] == 'http' else '443'}
+
+
+class FileUrl(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'file'}
+    host_required = False
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class MultiHostDsn(AnyUrl):
+    __slots__ = AnyUrl.__slots__ + ('hosts',)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, hosts: Optional[List['HostParts']] = None, **kwargs: Any):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.hosts = hosts
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _match_url(url: str) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
+        return multi_host_url_regex().match(url)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts', validate_port: bool = True) -> 'Parts':
+        return super().validate_parts(parts, validate_port=False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_url(cls, m: Match[str], url: str, parts: 'Parts') -> 'MultiHostDsn':
+        hosts_parts: List['HostParts'] = []
+        host_re = host_regex()
+        for host in m.groupdict()['hosts'].split(','):
+            d: Parts = host_re.match(host).groupdict()  # type: ignore
+            host, tld, host_type, rebuild = cls.validate_host(d)
+            port = d.get('port')
+            cls._validate_port(port)
+            hosts_parts.append(
+                {
+                    'host': host,
+                    'host_type': host_type,
+                    'tld': tld,
+                    'rebuild': rebuild,
+                    'port': port,
+                }
+            )
+
+        if len(hosts_parts) > 1:
+            return cls(
+                None if any([hp['rebuild'] for hp in hosts_parts]) else url,
+                scheme=parts['scheme'],
+                user=parts['user'],
+                password=parts['password'],
+                path=parts['path'],
+                query=parts['query'],
+                fragment=parts['fragment'],
+                host_type=None,
+                hosts=hosts_parts,
+            )
+        else:
+            # backwards compatibility with single host
+            host_part = hosts_parts[0]
+            return cls(
+                None if host_part['rebuild'] else url,
+                scheme=parts['scheme'],
+                user=parts['user'],
+                password=parts['password'],
+                host=host_part['host'],
+                tld=host_part['tld'],
+                host_type=host_part['host_type'],
+                port=host_part.get('port'),
+                path=parts['path'],
+                query=parts['query'],
+                fragment=parts['fragment'],
+            )
+
+
+class PostgresDsn(MultiHostDsn):
+    allowed_schemes = {
+        'postgres',
+        'postgresql',
+        'postgresql+asyncpg',
+        'postgresql+pg8000',
+        'postgresql+psycopg',
+        'postgresql+psycopg2',
+        'postgresql+psycopg2cffi',
+        'postgresql+py-postgresql',
+        'postgresql+pygresql',
+    }
+    user_required = True
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class CockroachDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {
+        'cockroachdb',
+        'cockroachdb+psycopg2',
+        'cockroachdb+asyncpg',
+    }
+    user_required = True
+
+
+class AmqpDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'amqp', 'amqps'}
+    host_required = False
+
+
+class RedisDsn(AnyUrl):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    allowed_schemes = {'redis', 'rediss'}
+    host_required = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {
+            'domain': 'localhost' if not (parts['ipv4'] or parts['ipv6']) else '',
+            'port': '6379',
+            'path': '/0',
+        }
+
+
+class MongoDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'mongodb'}
+
+    # TODO: Needed to generic "Parts" for "Replica Set", "Sharded Cluster", and other mongodb deployment modes
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {
+            'port': '27017',
+        }
+
+
+class KafkaDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'kafka'}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {
+            'domain': 'localhost',
+            'port': '9092',
+        }
+
+
+def stricturl(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool = True,
+    min_length: int = 1,
+    max_length: int = 2**16,
+    tld_required: bool = True,
+    host_required: bool = True,
+    allowed_schemes: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+) -> Type[AnyUrl]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        tld_required=tld_required,
+        host_required=host_required,
+        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
+    )
+    return type('UrlValue', (AnyUrl,), namespace)
+
+
+def import_email_validator() -> None:
+    global email_validator
+    try:
+        import email_validator
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError('email-validator is not installed, run `pip install pydantic[email]`') from e
+
+
+class EmailStr(str):
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='email')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        # included here and below so the error happens straight away
+        import_email_validator()
+
+        yield str_validator
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Union[str]) -> str:
+        return validate_email(value)[1]
+
+
+class NameEmail(Representation):
+    __slots__ = 'name', 'email'
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, email: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.email = email
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, NameEmail) and (self.name, self.email) == (other.name, other.email)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='name-email')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        import_email_validator()
+
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'NameEmail':
+        if value.__class__ == cls:
+            return value
+        value = str_validator(value)
+        return cls(*validate_email(value))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.name} <{self.email}>'
+
+
+class IPvAnyAddress(_BaseAddress):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyaddress')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Union[str, bytes, int]) -> Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address]:
+        try:
+            return IPv4Address(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return IPv6Address(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise errors.IPvAnyAddressError()
+
+
+class IPvAnyInterface(_BaseAddress):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyinterface')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: NetworkType) -> Union[IPv4Interface, IPv6Interface]:
+        try:
+            return IPv4Interface(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return IPv6Interface(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise errors.IPvAnyInterfaceError()
+
+
+class IPvAnyNetwork(_BaseNetwork):  # type: ignore
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanynetwork')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: NetworkType) -> Union[IPv4Network, IPv6Network]:
+        # Assume IP Network is defined with a default value for ``strict`` argument.
+        # Define your own class if you want to specify network address check strictness.
+        try:
+            return IPv4Network(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return IPv6Network(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise errors.IPvAnyNetworkError()
+
+
+pretty_email_regex = re.compile(r'([\w ]*?) *<(.*)> *')
+MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH = 2048
+"""Maximum length for an email.
+A somewhat arbitrary but very generous number compared to what is allowed by most implementations.
+"""
+
+
+def validate_email(value: Union[str]) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """
+    Email address validation using https://pypi.org/project/email-validator/
+    Notes:
+    * raw ip address (literal) domain parts are not allowed.
+    * "John Doe <local_part@domain.com>" style "pretty" email addresses are processed
+    * spaces are striped from the beginning and end of addresses but no error is raised
+    """
+    if email_validator is None:
+        import_email_validator()
+
+    if len(value) > MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH:
+        raise errors.EmailError()
+
+    m = pretty_email_regex.fullmatch(value)
+    name: Union[str, None] = None
+    if m:
+        name, value = m.groups()
+    email = value.strip()
+    try:
+        parts = email_validator.validate_email(email, check_deliverability=False)
+    except email_validator.EmailNotValidError as e:
+        raise errors.EmailError from e
+
+    if hasattr(parts, 'normalized'):
+        # email-validator >= 2
+        email = parts.normalized
+        assert email is not None
+        name = name or parts.local_part
+        return name, email
+    else:
+        # email-validator >1, <2
+        at_index = email.index('@')
+        local_part = email[:at_index]  # RFC 5321, local part must be case-sensitive.
+        global_part = email[at_index:].lower()
+
+        return name or local_part, local_part + global_part
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/parse.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..431d75a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import json
+import pickle
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Callable, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.types import StrBytes
+
+
+class Protocol(str, Enum):
+    json = 'json'
+    pickle = 'pickle'
+
+
+def load_str_bytes(
+    b: StrBytes,
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    if proto is None and content_type:
+        if content_type.endswith(('json', 'javascript')):
+            pass
+        elif allow_pickle and content_type.endswith('pickle'):
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Unknown content-type: {content_type}')
+
+    proto = proto or Protocol.json
+
+    if proto == Protocol.json:
+        if isinstance(b, bytes):
+            b = b.decode(encoding)
+        return json_loads(b)
+    elif proto == Protocol.pickle:
+        if not allow_pickle:
+            raise RuntimeError('Trying to decode with pickle with allow_pickle=False')
+        bb = b if isinstance(b, bytes) else b.encode()
+        return pickle.loads(bb)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'Unknown protocol: {proto}')
+
+
+def load_file(
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    path = Path(path)
+    b = path.read_bytes()
+    if content_type is None:
+        if path.suffix in ('.js', '.json'):
+            proto = Protocol.json
+        elif path.suffix == '.pkl':
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+
+    return load_str_bytes(
+        b, proto=proto, content_type=content_type, encoding=encoding, allow_pickle=allow_pickle, json_loads=json_loads
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/schema.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a91fe2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1163 @@
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
+
+from pydantic.v1.fields import (
+    MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES,
+    SHAPE_DEQUE,
+    SHAPE_FROZENSET,
+    SHAPE_GENERIC,
+    SHAPE_ITERABLE,
+    SHAPE_LIST,
+    SHAPE_SEQUENCE,
+    SHAPE_SET,
+    SHAPE_SINGLETON,
+    SHAPE_TUPLE,
+    SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS,
+    FieldInfo,
+    ModelField,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.json import pydantic_encoder
+from pydantic.v1.networks import AnyUrl, EmailStr
+from pydantic.v1.types import (
+    ConstrainedDecimal,
+    ConstrainedFloat,
+    ConstrainedFrozenSet,
+    ConstrainedInt,
+    ConstrainedList,
+    ConstrainedSet,
+    ConstrainedStr,
+    SecretBytes,
+    SecretStr,
+    StrictBytes,
+    StrictStr,
+    conbytes,
+    condecimal,
+    confloat,
+    confrozenset,
+    conint,
+    conlist,
+    conset,
+    constr,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    all_literal_values,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    get_sub_types,
+    is_callable_type,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_namedtuple,
+    is_none_type,
+    is_union,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import ROOT_KEY, get_model, lenient_issubclass
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import Dataclass
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+default_prefix = '#/definitions/'
+default_ref_template = '#/definitions/{model}'
+
+TypeModelOrEnum = Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type[Enum]]
+TypeModelSet = Set[TypeModelOrEnum]
+
+
+def _apply_modify_schema(
+    modify_schema: Callable[..., None], field: Optional[ModelField], field_schema: Dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    from inspect import signature
+
+    sig = signature(modify_schema)
+    args = set(sig.parameters.keys())
+    if 'field' in args or 'kwargs' in args:
+        modify_schema(field_schema, field=field)
+    else:
+        modify_schema(field_schema)
+
+
+def schema(
+    models: Sequence[Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type['Dataclass']]],
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    description: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Process a list of models and generate a single JSON Schema with all of them defined in the ``definitions``
+    top-level JSON key, including their sub-models.
+
+    :param models: a list of models to include in the generated JSON Schema
+    :param by_alias: generate the schemas using the aliases defined, if any
+    :param title: title for the generated schema that includes the definitions
+    :param description: description for the generated schema
+    :param ref_prefix: the JSON Pointer prefix for schema references with ``$ref``, if None, will be set to the
+      default of ``#/definitions/``. Update it if you want the schemas to reference the definitions somewhere
+      else, e.g. for OpenAPI use ``#/components/schemas/``. The resulting generated schemas will still be at the
+      top-level key ``definitions``, so you can extract them from there. But all the references will have the set
+      prefix.
+    :param ref_template: Use a ``string.format()`` template for ``$ref`` instead of a prefix. This can be useful
+      for references that cannot be represented by ``ref_prefix`` such as a definition stored in another file. For
+      a sibling json file in a ``/schemas`` directory use ``"/schemas/${model}.json#"``.
+    :return: dict with the JSON Schema with a ``definitions`` top-level key including the schema definitions for
+      the models and sub-models passed in ``models``.
+    """
+    clean_models = [get_model(model) for model in models]
+    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_models(clean_models)
+    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+    definitions = {}
+    output_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if title:
+        output_schema['title'] = title
+    if description:
+        output_schema['description'] = description
+    for model in clean_models:
+        m_schema, m_definitions, m_nested_models = model_process_schema(
+            model,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+        )
+        definitions.update(m_definitions)
+        model_name = model_name_map[model]
+        definitions[model_name] = m_schema
+    if definitions:
+        output_schema['definitions'] = definitions
+    return output_schema
+
+
+def model_schema(
+    model: Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type['Dataclass']],
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Generate a JSON Schema for one model. With all the sub-models defined in the ``definitions`` top-level
+    JSON key.
+
+    :param model: a Pydantic model (a class that inherits from BaseModel)
+    :param by_alias: generate the schemas using the aliases defined, if any
+    :param ref_prefix: the JSON Pointer prefix for schema references with ``$ref``, if None, will be set to the
+      default of ``#/definitions/``. Update it if you want the schemas to reference the definitions somewhere
+      else, e.g. for OpenAPI use ``#/components/schemas/``. The resulting generated schemas will still be at the
+      top-level key ``definitions``, so you can extract them from there. But all the references will have the set
+      prefix.
+    :param ref_template: Use a ``string.format()`` template for ``$ref`` instead of a prefix. This can be useful for
+      references that cannot be represented by ``ref_prefix`` such as a definition stored in another file. For a
+      sibling json file in a ``/schemas`` directory use ``"/schemas/${model}.json#"``.
+    :return: dict with the JSON Schema for the passed ``model``
+    """
+    model = get_model(model)
+    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_model(model)
+    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+    model_name = model_name_map[model]
+    m_schema, m_definitions, nested_models = model_process_schema(
+        model, by_alias=by_alias, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=ref_prefix, ref_template=ref_template
+    )
+    if model_name in nested_models:
+        # model_name is in Nested models, it has circular references
+        m_definitions[model_name] = m_schema
+        m_schema = get_schema_ref(model_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, False)
+    if m_definitions:
+        m_schema.update({'definitions': m_definitions})
+    return m_schema
+
+
+def get_field_info_schema(field: ModelField, schema_overrides: bool = False) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], bool]:
+    # If no title is explicitly set, we don't set title in the schema for enums.
+    # The behaviour is the same as `BaseModel` reference, where the default title
+    # is in the definitions part of the schema.
+    schema_: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if field.field_info.title or not lenient_issubclass(field.type_, Enum):
+        schema_['title'] = field.field_info.title or field.alias.title().replace('_', ' ')
+
+    if field.field_info.title:
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    if field.field_info.description:
+        schema_['description'] = field.field_info.description
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    if not field.required and field.default is not None and not is_callable_type(field.outer_type_):
+        schema_['default'] = encode_default(field.default)
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    return schema_, schema_overrides
+
+
+def field_schema(
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+    known_models: Optional[TypeModelSet] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    Process a Pydantic field and return a tuple with a JSON Schema for it as the first item.
+    Also return a dictionary of definitions with models as keys and their schemas as values. If the passed field
+    is a model and has sub-models, and those sub-models don't have overrides (as ``title``, ``default``, etc), they
+    will be included in the definitions and referenced in the schema instead of included recursively.
+
+    :param field: a Pydantic ``ModelField``
+    :param by_alias: use the defined alias (if any) in the returned schema
+    :param model_name_map: used to generate the JSON Schema references to other models included in the definitions
+    :param ref_prefix: the JSON Pointer prefix to use for references to other schemas, if None, the default of
+      #/definitions/ will be used
+    :param ref_template: Use a ``string.format()`` template for ``$ref`` instead of a prefix. This can be useful for
+      references that cannot be represented by ``ref_prefix`` such as a definition stored in another file. For a
+      sibling json file in a ``/schemas`` directory use ``"/schemas/${model}.json#"``.
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: tuple of the schema for this field and additional definitions
+    """
+    s, schema_overrides = get_field_info_schema(field)
+
+    validation_schema = get_field_schema_validations(field)
+    if validation_schema:
+        s.update(validation_schema)
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_type_schema(
+        field,
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+        ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+        ref_template=ref_template,
+        known_models=known_models or set(),
+    )
+
+    # $ref will only be returned when there are no schema_overrides
+    if '$ref' in f_schema:
+        return f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models
+    else:
+        s.update(f_schema)
+        return s, f_definitions, f_nested_models
+
+
+numeric_types = (int, float, Decimal)
+_str_types_attrs: Tuple[Tuple[str, Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]], str], ...] = (
+    ('max_length', numeric_types, 'maxLength'),
+    ('min_length', numeric_types, 'minLength'),
+    ('regex', str, 'pattern'),
+)
+
+_numeric_types_attrs: Tuple[Tuple[str, Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]], str], ...] = (
+    ('gt', numeric_types, 'exclusiveMinimum'),
+    ('lt', numeric_types, 'exclusiveMaximum'),
+    ('ge', numeric_types, 'minimum'),
+    ('le', numeric_types, 'maximum'),
+    ('multiple_of', numeric_types, 'multipleOf'),
+)
+
+
+def get_field_schema_validations(field: ModelField) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Get the JSON Schema validation keywords for a ``field`` with an annotation of
+    a Pydantic ``FieldInfo`` with validation arguments.
+    """
+    f_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, Enum):
+        # schema is already updated by `enum_process_schema`; just update with field extra
+        if field.field_info.extra:
+            f_schema.update(field.field_info.extra)
+        return f_schema
+
+    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, (str, bytes)):
+        for attr_name, t, keyword in _str_types_attrs:
+            attr = getattr(field.field_info, attr_name, None)
+            if isinstance(attr, t):
+                f_schema[keyword] = attr
+    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, numeric_types) and not issubclass(field.type_, bool):
+        for attr_name, t, keyword in _numeric_types_attrs:
+            attr = getattr(field.field_info, attr_name, None)
+            if isinstance(attr, t):
+                f_schema[keyword] = attr
+    if field.field_info is not None and field.field_info.const:
+        f_schema['const'] = field.default
+    if field.field_info.extra:
+        f_schema.update(field.field_info.extra)
+    modify_schema = getattr(field.outer_type_, '__modify_schema__', None)
+    if modify_schema:
+        _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, f_schema)
+    return f_schema
+
+
+def get_model_name_map(unique_models: TypeModelSet) -> Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str]:
+    """
+    Process a set of models and generate unique names for them to be used as keys in the JSON Schema
+    definitions. By default the names are the same as the class name. But if two models in different Python
+    modules have the same name (e.g. "users.Model" and "items.Model"), the generated names will be
+    based on the Python module path for those conflicting models to prevent name collisions.
+
+    :param unique_models: a Python set of models
+    :return: dict mapping models to names
+    """
+    name_model_map = {}
+    conflicting_names: Set[str] = set()
+    for model in unique_models:
+        model_name = normalize_name(model.__name__)
+        if model_name in conflicting_names:
+            model_name = get_long_model_name(model)
+            name_model_map[model_name] = model
+        elif model_name in name_model_map:
+            conflicting_names.add(model_name)
+            conflicting_model = name_model_map.pop(model_name)
+            name_model_map[get_long_model_name(conflicting_model)] = conflicting_model
+            name_model_map[get_long_model_name(model)] = model
+        else:
+            name_model_map[model_name] = model
+    return {v: k for k, v in name_model_map.items()}
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_model(model: Type['BaseModel'], known_models: Optional[TypeModelSet] = None) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a single ``model`` and generate a set with itself and all the sub-models in the tree. I.e. if you pass
+    model ``Foo`` (subclass of Pydantic ``BaseModel``) as ``model``, and it has a field of type ``Bar`` (also
+    subclass of ``BaseModel``) and that model ``Bar`` has a field of type ``Baz`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``),
+    the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+
+    :param model: a Pydantic ``BaseModel`` subclass
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: a set with the initial model and all its sub-models
+    """
+    known_models = known_models or set()
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+    flat_models.add(model)
+    known_models |= flat_models
+    fields = cast(Sequence[ModelField], model.__fields__.values())
+    flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_fields(fields, known_models=known_models)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_field(field: ModelField, known_models: TypeModelSet) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a single Pydantic ``ModelField`` (from a model) that could have been declared as a subclass of BaseModel
+    (so, it could be a submodel), and generate a set with its model and all the sub-models in the tree.
+    I.e. if you pass a field that was declared to be of type ``Foo`` (subclass of BaseModel) as ``field``, and that
+    model ``Foo`` has a field of type ``Bar`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``) and that model ``Bar`` has a field of
+    type ``Baz`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``), the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+
+    :param field: a Pydantic ``ModelField``
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: a set with the model used in the declaration for this field, if any, and all its sub-models
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+
+    field_type = field.type_
+    if lenient_issubclass(getattr(field_type, '__pydantic_model__', None), BaseModel):
+        field_type = field_type.__pydantic_model__
+
+    if field.sub_fields and not lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_fields(field.sub_fields, known_models=known_models)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel) and field_type not in known_models:
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_model(field_type, known_models=known_models)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, Enum):
+        flat_models.add(field_type)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_fields(fields: Sequence[ModelField], known_models: TypeModelSet) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a list of Pydantic  ``ModelField``s (from a model) that could have been declared as subclasses of ``BaseModel``
+    (so, any of them could be a submodel), and generate a set with their models and all the sub-models in the tree.
+    I.e. if you pass a the fields of a model ``Foo`` (subclass of ``BaseModel``) as ``fields``, and on of them has a
+    field of type ``Bar`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``) and that model ``Bar`` has a field of type ``Baz`` (also
+    subclass of ``BaseModel``), the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+
+    :param fields: a list of Pydantic ``ModelField``s
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: a set with any model declared in the fields, and all their sub-models
+    """
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+    for field in fields:
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_field(field, known_models=known_models)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_models(models: Sequence[Type['BaseModel']]) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a list of ``models`` and generate a set with them and all their sub-models in their trees. I.e. if you pass
+    a list of two models, ``Foo`` and ``Bar``, both subclasses of Pydantic ``BaseModel`` as models, and ``Bar`` has
+    a field of type ``Baz`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``), the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+    """
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+    for model in models:
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_model(model)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_long_model_name(model: TypeModelOrEnum) -> str:
+    return f'{model.__module__}__{model.__qualname__}'.replace('.', '__')
+
+
+def field_type_schema(
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    schema_overrides: bool = False,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    Used by ``field_schema()``, you probably should be using that function.
+
+    Take a single ``field`` and generate the schema for its type only, not including additional
+    information as title, etc. Also return additional schema definitions, from sub-models.
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel  # noqa: F811
+
+    definitions = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    f_schema: Dict[str, Any]
+    if field.shape in {
+        SHAPE_LIST,
+        SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS,
+        SHAPE_SEQUENCE,
+        SHAPE_SET,
+        SHAPE_FROZENSET,
+        SHAPE_ITERABLE,
+        SHAPE_DEQUE,
+    }:
+        items_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_singleton_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+        f_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': items_schema}
+        if field.shape in {SHAPE_SET, SHAPE_FROZENSET}:
+            f_schema['uniqueItems'] = True
+
+    elif field.shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES:
+        f_schema = {'type': 'object'}
+        key_field = cast(ModelField, field.key_field)
+        regex = getattr(key_field.type_, 'regex', None)
+        items_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_singleton_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+        if regex:
+            # Dict keys have a regex pattern
+            # items_schema might be a schema or empty dict, add it either way
+            f_schema['patternProperties'] = {ConstrainedStr._get_pattern(regex): items_schema}
+        if items_schema:
+            # The dict values are not simply Any, so they need a schema
+            f_schema['additionalProperties'] = items_schema
+    elif field.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE or (field.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC and not issubclass(field.type_, BaseModel)):
+        sub_schema = []
+        sub_fields = cast(List[ModelField], field.sub_fields)
+        for sf in sub_fields:
+            sf_schema, sf_definitions, sf_nested_models = field_type_schema(
+                sf,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+            definitions.update(sf_definitions)
+            nested_models.update(sf_nested_models)
+            sub_schema.append(sf_schema)
+
+        sub_fields_len = len(sub_fields)
+        if field.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            all_of_schemas = sub_schema[0] if sub_fields_len == 1 else {'type': 'array', 'items': sub_schema}
+            f_schema = {'allOf': [all_of_schemas]}
+        else:
+            f_schema = {
+                'type': 'array',
+                'minItems': sub_fields_len,
+                'maxItems': sub_fields_len,
+            }
+            if sub_fields_len >= 1:
+                f_schema['items'] = sub_schema
+    else:
+        assert field.shape in {SHAPE_SINGLETON, SHAPE_GENERIC}, field.shape
+        f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_singleton_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+
+    # check field type to avoid repeated calls to the same __modify_schema__ method
+    if field.type_ != field.outer_type_:
+        if field.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            field_type = field.type_
+        else:
+            field_type = field.outer_type_
+        modify_schema = getattr(field_type, '__modify_schema__', None)
+        if modify_schema:
+            _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, f_schema)
+    return f_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+
+def model_process_schema(
+    model: TypeModelOrEnum,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+    known_models: Optional[TypeModelSet] = None,
+    field: Optional[ModelField] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    Used by ``model_schema()``, you probably should be using that function.
+
+    Take a single ``model`` and generate its schema. Also return additional schema definitions, from sub-models. The
+    sub-models of the returned schema will be referenced, but their definitions will not be included in the schema. All
+    the definitions are returned as the second value.
+    """
+    from inspect import getdoc, signature
+
+    known_models = known_models or set()
+    if lenient_issubclass(model, Enum):
+        model = cast(Type[Enum], model)
+        s = enum_process_schema(model, field=field)
+        return s, {}, set()
+    model = cast(Type['BaseModel'], model)
+    s = {'title': model.__config__.title or model.__name__}
+    doc = getdoc(model)
+    if doc:
+        s['description'] = doc
+    known_models.add(model)
+    m_schema, m_definitions, nested_models = model_type_schema(
+        model,
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+        ref_template=ref_template,
+        known_models=known_models,
+    )
+    s.update(m_schema)
+    schema_extra = model.__config__.schema_extra
+    if callable(schema_extra):
+        if len(signature(schema_extra).parameters) == 1:
+            schema_extra(s)
+        else:
+            schema_extra(s, model)
+    else:
+        s.update(schema_extra)
+    return s, m_definitions, nested_models
+
+
+def model_type_schema(
+    model: Type['BaseModel'],
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    You probably should be using ``model_schema()``, this function is indirectly used by that function.
+
+    Take a single ``model`` and generate the schema for its type only, not including additional
+    information as title, etc. Also return additional schema definitions, from sub-models.
+    """
+    properties = {}
+    required = []
+    definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    for k, f in model.__fields__.items():
+        try:
+            f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_schema(
+                f,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+        except SkipField as skip:
+            warnings.warn(skip.message, UserWarning)
+            continue
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+        if by_alias:
+            properties[f.alias] = f_schema
+            if f.required:
+                required.append(f.alias)
+        else:
+            properties[k] = f_schema
+            if f.required:
+                required.append(k)
+    if ROOT_KEY in properties:
+        out_schema = properties[ROOT_KEY]
+        out_schema['title'] = model.__config__.title or model.__name__
+    else:
+        out_schema = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required:
+            out_schema['required'] = required
+    if model.__config__.extra == 'forbid':
+        out_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+    return out_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+
+def enum_process_schema(enum: Type[Enum], *, field: Optional[ModelField] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Take a single `enum` and generate its schema.
+
+    This is similar to the `model_process_schema` function, but applies to ``Enum`` objects.
+    """
+    import inspect
+
+    schema_: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        'title': enum.__name__,
+        # Python assigns all enums a default docstring value of 'An enumeration', so
+        # all enums will have a description field even if not explicitly provided.
+        'description': inspect.cleandoc(enum.__doc__ or 'An enumeration.'),
+        # Add enum values and the enum field type to the schema.
+        'enum': [item.value for item in cast(Iterable[Enum], enum)],
+    }
+
+    add_field_type_to_schema(enum, schema_)
+
+    modify_schema = getattr(enum, '__modify_schema__', None)
+    if modify_schema:
+        _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, schema_)
+
+    return schema_
+
+
+def field_singleton_sub_fields_schema(
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    schema_overrides: bool = False,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    This function is indirectly used by ``field_schema()``, you probably should be using that function.
+
+    Take a list of Pydantic ``ModelField`` from the declaration of a type with parameters, and generate their
+    schema. I.e., fields used as "type parameters", like ``str`` and ``int`` in ``Tuple[str, int]``.
+    """
+    sub_fields = cast(List[ModelField], field.sub_fields)
+    definitions = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    if len(sub_fields) == 1:
+        return field_type_schema(
+            sub_fields[0],
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+    else:
+        s: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        # https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#discriminator-object
+        field_has_discriminator: bool = field.discriminator_key is not None
+        if field_has_discriminator:
+            assert field.sub_fields_mapping is not None
+
+            discriminator_models_refs: Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = {}
+
+            for discriminator_value, sub_field in field.sub_fields_mapping.items():
+                if isinstance(discriminator_value, Enum):
+                    discriminator_value = str(discriminator_value.value)
+                # sub_field is either a `BaseModel` or directly an `Annotated` `Union` of many
+                if is_union(get_origin(sub_field.type_)):
+                    sub_models = get_sub_types(sub_field.type_)
+                    discriminator_models_refs[discriminator_value] = {
+                        model_name_map[sub_model]: get_schema_ref(
+                            model_name_map[sub_model], ref_prefix, ref_template, False
+                        )
+                        for sub_model in sub_models
+                    }
+                else:
+                    sub_field_type = sub_field.type_
+                    if hasattr(sub_field_type, '__pydantic_model__'):
+                        sub_field_type = sub_field_type.__pydantic_model__
+
+                    discriminator_model_name = model_name_map[sub_field_type]
+                    discriminator_model_ref = get_schema_ref(discriminator_model_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, False)
+                    discriminator_models_refs[discriminator_value] = discriminator_model_ref['$ref']
+
+            s['discriminator'] = {
+                'propertyName': field.discriminator_alias if by_alias else field.discriminator_key,
+                'mapping': discriminator_models_refs,
+            }
+
+        sub_field_schemas = []
+        for sf in sub_fields:
+            sub_schema, sub_definitions, sub_nested_models = field_type_schema(
+                sf,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+            definitions.update(sub_definitions)
+            if schema_overrides and 'allOf' in sub_schema:
+                # if the sub_field is a referenced schema we only need the referenced
+                # object. Otherwise we will end up with several allOf inside anyOf/oneOf.
+                # See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/1209
+                sub_schema = sub_schema['allOf'][0]
+
+            if sub_schema.keys() == {'discriminator', 'oneOf'}:
+                # we don't want discriminator information inside oneOf choices, this is dealt with elsewhere
+                sub_schema.pop('discriminator')
+            sub_field_schemas.append(sub_schema)
+            nested_models.update(sub_nested_models)
+        s['oneOf' if field_has_discriminator else 'anyOf'] = sub_field_schemas
+        return s, definitions, nested_models
+
+
+# Order is important, e.g. subclasses of str must go before str
+# this is used only for standard library types, custom types should use __modify_schema__ instead
+field_class_to_schema: Tuple[Tuple[Any, Dict[str, Any]], ...] = (
+    (Path, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'path'}),
+    (datetime, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date-time'}),
+    (date, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date'}),
+    (time, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'time'}),
+    (timedelta, {'type': 'number', 'format': 'time-delta'}),
+    (IPv4Network, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv4network'}),
+    (IPv6Network, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv6network'}),
+    (IPv4Interface, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv4interface'}),
+    (IPv6Interface, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv6interface'}),
+    (IPv4Address, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv4'}),
+    (IPv6Address, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv6'}),
+    (Pattern, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'regex'}),
+    (str, {'type': 'string'}),
+    (bytes, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'binary'}),
+    (bool, {'type': 'boolean'}),
+    (int, {'type': 'integer'}),
+    (float, {'type': 'number'}),
+    (Decimal, {'type': 'number'}),
+    (UUID, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'uuid'}),
+    (dict, {'type': 'object'}),
+    (list, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}}),
+    (tuple, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}}),
+    (set, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}, 'uniqueItems': True}),
+    (frozenset, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}, 'uniqueItems': True}),
+)
+
+json_scheme = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'json-string'}
+
+
+def add_field_type_to_schema(field_type: Any, schema_: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """
+    Update the given `schema` with the type-specific metadata for the given `field_type`.
+
+    This function looks through `field_class_to_schema` for a class that matches the given `field_type`,
+    and then modifies the given `schema` with the information from that type.
+    """
+    for type_, t_schema in field_class_to_schema:
+        # Fallback for `typing.Pattern` and `re.Pattern` as they are not a valid class
+        if lenient_issubclass(field_type, type_) or field_type is type_ is Pattern:
+            schema_.update(t_schema)
+            break
+
+
+def get_schema_ref(name: str, ref_prefix: Optional[str], ref_template: str, schema_overrides: bool) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    if ref_prefix:
+        schema_ref = {'$ref': ref_prefix + name}
+    else:
+        schema_ref = {'$ref': ref_template.format(model=name)}
+    return {'allOf': [schema_ref]} if schema_overrides else schema_ref
+
+
+def field_singleton_schema(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    schema_overrides: bool = False,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    This function is indirectly used by ``field_schema()``, you should probably be using that function.
+
+    Take a single Pydantic ``ModelField``, and return its schema and any additional definitions from sub-models.
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    field_type = field.type_
+
+    # Recurse into this field if it contains sub_fields and is NOT a
+    # BaseModel OR that BaseModel is a const
+    if field.sub_fields and (
+        (field.field_info and field.field_info.const) or not lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel)
+    ):
+        return field_singleton_sub_fields_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+    if field_type is Any or field_type is object or field_type.__class__ == TypeVar or get_origin(field_type) is type:
+        return {}, definitions, nested_models  # no restrictions
+    if is_none_type(field_type):
+        return {'type': 'null'}, definitions, nested_models
+    if is_callable_type(field_type):
+        raise SkipField(f'Callable {field.name} was excluded from schema since JSON schema has no equivalent type.')
+    f_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if field.field_info is not None and field.field_info.const:
+        f_schema['const'] = field.default
+
+    if is_literal_type(field_type):
+        values = tuple(x.value if isinstance(x, Enum) else x for x in all_literal_values(field_type))
+
+        if len({v.__class__ for v in values}) > 1:
+            return field_schema(
+                multitypes_literal_field_for_schema(values, field),
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+
+        # All values have the same type
+        field_type = values[0].__class__
+        f_schema['enum'] = list(values)
+        add_field_type_to_schema(field_type, f_schema)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, Enum):
+        enum_name = model_name_map[field_type]
+        f_schema, schema_overrides = get_field_info_schema(field, schema_overrides)
+        f_schema.update(get_schema_ref(enum_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, schema_overrides))
+        definitions[enum_name] = enum_process_schema(field_type, field=field)
+    elif is_namedtuple(field_type):
+        sub_schema, *_ = model_process_schema(
+            field_type.__pydantic_model__,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+            field=field,
+        )
+        items_schemas = list(sub_schema['properties'].values())
+        f_schema.update(
+            {
+                'type': 'array',
+                'items': items_schemas,
+                'minItems': len(items_schemas),
+                'maxItems': len(items_schemas),
+            }
+        )
+    elif not hasattr(field_type, '__pydantic_model__'):
+        add_field_type_to_schema(field_type, f_schema)
+
+        modify_schema = getattr(field_type, '__modify_schema__', None)
+        if modify_schema:
+            _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, f_schema)
+
+    if f_schema:
+        return f_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+    # Handle dataclass-based models
+    if lenient_issubclass(getattr(field_type, '__pydantic_model__', None), BaseModel):
+        field_type = field_type.__pydantic_model__
+
+    if issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
+        model_name = model_name_map[field_type]
+        if field_type not in known_models:
+            sub_schema, sub_definitions, sub_nested_models = model_process_schema(
+                field_type,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+                field=field,
+            )
+            definitions.update(sub_definitions)
+            definitions[model_name] = sub_schema
+            nested_models.update(sub_nested_models)
+        else:
+            nested_models.add(model_name)
+        schema_ref = get_schema_ref(model_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, schema_overrides)
+        return schema_ref, definitions, nested_models
+
+    # For generics with no args
+    args = get_args(field_type)
+    if args is not None and not args and Generic in field_type.__bases__:
+        return f_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+    raise ValueError(f'Value not declarable with JSON Schema, field: {field}')
+
+
+def multitypes_literal_field_for_schema(values: Tuple[Any, ...], field: ModelField) -> ModelField:
+    """
+    To support `Literal` with values of different types, we split it into multiple `Literal` with same type
+    e.g. `Literal['qwe', 'asd', 1, 2]` becomes `Union[Literal['qwe', 'asd'], Literal[1, 2]]`
+    """
+    literal_distinct_types = defaultdict(list)
+    for v in values:
+        literal_distinct_types[v.__class__].append(v)
+    distinct_literals = (Literal[tuple(same_type_values)] for same_type_values in literal_distinct_types.values())
+
+    return ModelField(
+        name=field.name,
+        type_=Union[tuple(distinct_literals)],  # type: ignore
+        class_validators=field.class_validators,
+        model_config=field.model_config,
+        default=field.default,
+        required=field.required,
+        alias=field.alias,
+        field_info=field.field_info,
+    )
+
+
+def encode_default(dft: Any) -> Any:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    if isinstance(dft, BaseModel) or is_dataclass(dft):
+        dft = cast('dict[str, Any]', pydantic_encoder(dft))
+
+    if isinstance(dft, dict):
+        return {encode_default(k): encode_default(v) for k, v in dft.items()}
+    elif isinstance(dft, Enum):
+        return dft.value
+    elif isinstance(dft, (int, float, str)):
+        return dft
+    elif isinstance(dft, (list, tuple)):
+        t = dft.__class__
+        seq_args = (encode_default(v) for v in dft)
+        return t(*seq_args) if is_namedtuple(t) else t(seq_args)
+    elif dft is None:
+        return None
+    else:
+        return pydantic_encoder(dft)
+
+
+_map_types_constraint: Dict[Any, Callable[..., type]] = {int: conint, float: confloat, Decimal: condecimal}
+
+
+def get_annotation_from_field_info(
+    annotation: Any, field_info: FieldInfo, field_name: str, validate_assignment: bool = False
+) -> Type[Any]:
+    """
+    Get an annotation with validation implemented for numbers and strings based on the field_info.
+    :param annotation: an annotation from a field specification, as ``str``, ``ConstrainedStr``
+    :param field_info: an instance of FieldInfo, possibly with declarations for validations and JSON Schema
+    :param field_name: name of the field for use in error messages
+    :param validate_assignment: default False, flag for BaseModel Config value of validate_assignment
+    :return: the same ``annotation`` if unmodified or a new annotation with validation in place
+    """
+    constraints = field_info.get_constraints()
+    used_constraints: Set[str] = set()
+    if constraints:
+        annotation, used_constraints = get_annotation_with_constraints(annotation, field_info)
+    if validate_assignment:
+        used_constraints.add('allow_mutation')
+
+    unused_constraints = constraints - used_constraints
+    if unused_constraints:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f'On field "{field_name}" the following field constraints are set but not enforced: '
+            f'{", ".join(unused_constraints)}. '
+            f'\nFor more details see https://docs.pydantic.dev/usage/schema/#unenforced-field-constraints'
+        )
+
+    return annotation
+
+
+def get_annotation_with_constraints(annotation: Any, field_info: FieldInfo) -> Tuple[Type[Any], Set[str]]:  # noqa: C901
+    """
+    Get an annotation with used constraints implemented for numbers and strings based on the field_info.
+
+    :param annotation: an annotation from a field specification, as ``str``, ``ConstrainedStr``
+    :param field_info: an instance of FieldInfo, possibly with declarations for validations and JSON Schema
+    :return: the same ``annotation`` if unmodified or a new annotation along with the used constraints.
+    """
+    used_constraints: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def go(type_: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+        if (
+            is_literal_type(type_)
+            or isinstance(type_, ForwardRef)
+            or lenient_issubclass(type_, (ConstrainedList, ConstrainedSet, ConstrainedFrozenSet))
+        ):
+            return type_
+        origin = get_origin(type_)
+        if origin is not None:
+            args: Tuple[Any, ...] = get_args(type_)
+            if any(isinstance(a, ForwardRef) for a in args):
+                # forward refs cause infinite recursion below
+                return type_
+
+            if origin is Annotated:
+                return go(args[0])
+            if is_union(origin):
+                return Union[tuple(go(a) for a in args)]  # type: ignore
+
+            if issubclass(origin, List) and (
+                field_info.min_items is not None
+                or field_info.max_items is not None
+                or field_info.unique_items is not None
+            ):
+                used_constraints.update({'min_items', 'max_items', 'unique_items'})
+                return conlist(
+                    go(args[0]),
+                    min_items=field_info.min_items,
+                    max_items=field_info.max_items,
+                    unique_items=field_info.unique_items,
+                )
+
+            if issubclass(origin, Set) and (field_info.min_items is not None or field_info.max_items is not None):
+                used_constraints.update({'min_items', 'max_items'})
+                return conset(go(args[0]), min_items=field_info.min_items, max_items=field_info.max_items)
+
+            if issubclass(origin, FrozenSet) and (field_info.min_items is not None or field_info.max_items is not None):
+                used_constraints.update({'min_items', 'max_items'})
+                return confrozenset(go(args[0]), min_items=field_info.min_items, max_items=field_info.max_items)
+
+            for t in (Tuple, List, Set, FrozenSet, Sequence):
+                if issubclass(origin, t):  # type: ignore
+                    return t[tuple(go(a) for a in args)]  # type: ignore
+
+            if issubclass(origin, Dict):
+                return Dict[args[0], go(args[1])]  # type: ignore
+
+        attrs: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None
+        constraint_func: Optional[Callable[..., type]] = None
+        if isinstance(type_, type):
+            if issubclass(type_, (SecretStr, SecretBytes)):
+                attrs = ('max_length', 'min_length')
+
+                def constraint_func(**kw: Any) -> Type[Any]:  # noqa: F811
+                    return type(type_.__name__, (type_,), kw)
+
+            elif issubclass(type_, str) and not issubclass(type_, (EmailStr, AnyUrl)):
+                attrs = ('max_length', 'min_length', 'regex')
+                if issubclass(type_, StrictStr):
+
+                    def constraint_func(**kw: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+                        return type(type_.__name__, (type_,), kw)
+
+                else:
+                    constraint_func = constr
+            elif issubclass(type_, bytes):
+                attrs = ('max_length', 'min_length', 'regex')
+                if issubclass(type_, StrictBytes):
+
+                    def constraint_func(**kw: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+                        return type(type_.__name__, (type_,), kw)
+
+                else:
+                    constraint_func = conbytes
+            elif issubclass(type_, numeric_types) and not issubclass(
+                type_,
+                (
+                    ConstrainedInt,
+                    ConstrainedFloat,
+                    ConstrainedDecimal,
+                    ConstrainedList,
+                    ConstrainedSet,
+                    ConstrainedFrozenSet,
+                    bool,
+                ),
+            ):
+                # Is numeric type
+                attrs = ('gt', 'lt', 'ge', 'le', 'multiple_of')
+                if issubclass(type_, float):
+                    attrs += ('allow_inf_nan',)
+                if issubclass(type_, Decimal):
+                    attrs += ('max_digits', 'decimal_places')
+                numeric_type = next(t for t in numeric_types if issubclass(type_, t))  # pragma: no branch
+                constraint_func = _map_types_constraint[numeric_type]
+
+        if attrs:
+            used_constraints.update(set(attrs))
+            kwargs = {
+                attr_name: attr
+                for attr_name, attr in ((attr_name, getattr(field_info, attr_name)) for attr_name in attrs)
+                if attr is not None
+            }
+            if kwargs:
+                constraint_func = cast(Callable[..., type], constraint_func)
+                return constraint_func(**kwargs)
+        return type_
+
+    return go(annotation), used_constraints
+
+
+def normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Normalizes the given name. This can be applied to either a model *or* enum.
+    """
+    return re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]', '_', name)
+
+
+class SkipField(Exception):
+    """
+    Utility exception used to exclude fields from schema.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self.message = message
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/tools.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6838a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import json
+from functools import lru_cache
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.parse import Protocol, load_file, load_str_bytes
+from pydantic.v1.types import StrBytes
+from pydantic.v1.typing import display_as_type
+
+__all__ = ('parse_file_as', 'parse_obj_as', 'parse_raw_as', 'schema_of', 'schema_json_of')
+
+NameFactory = Union[str, Callable[[Type[Any]], str]]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import DictStrAny
+
+
+def _generate_parsing_type_name(type_: Any) -> str:
+    return f'ParsingModel[{display_as_type(type_)}]'
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=2048)
+def _get_parsing_type(type_: Any, *, type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None) -> Any:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import create_model
+
+    if type_name is None:
+        type_name = _generate_parsing_type_name
+    if not isinstance(type_name, str):
+        type_name = type_name(type_)
+    return create_model(type_name, __root__=(type_, ...))
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def parse_obj_as(type_: Type[T], obj: Any, *, type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None) -> T:
+    model_type = _get_parsing_type(type_, type_name=type_name)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    return model_type(__root__=obj).__root__
+
+
+def parse_file_as(
+    type_: Type[T],
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+    type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None,
+) -> T:
+    obj = load_file(
+        path,
+        proto=proto,
+        content_type=content_type,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+        json_loads=json_loads,
+    )
+    return parse_obj_as(type_, obj, type_name=type_name)
+
+
+def parse_raw_as(
+    type_: Type[T],
+    b: StrBytes,
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+    type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None,
+) -> T:
+    obj = load_str_bytes(
+        b,
+        proto=proto,
+        content_type=content_type,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+        json_loads=json_loads,
+    )
+    return parse_obj_as(type_, obj, type_name=type_name)
+
+
+def schema_of(type_: Any, *, title: Optional[NameFactory] = None, **schema_kwargs: Any) -> 'DictStrAny':
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as dict) for the passed model or dynamically generated one"""
+    return _get_parsing_type(type_, type_name=title).schema(**schema_kwargs)
+
+
+def schema_json_of(type_: Any, *, title: Optional[NameFactory] = None, **schema_json_kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as JSON) for the passed model or dynamically generated one"""
+    return _get_parsing_type(type_, type_name=title).schema_json(**schema_json_kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1840d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1205 @@
+import abc
+import math
+import re
+import warnings
+from datetime import date
+from decimal import Decimal, InvalidOperation
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import new_class
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+from weakref import WeakSet
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+from pydantic.v1.datetime_parse import parse_date
+from pydantic.v1.utils import import_string, update_not_none
+from pydantic.v1.validators import (
+    bytes_validator,
+    constr_length_validator,
+    constr_lower,
+    constr_strip_whitespace,
+    constr_upper,
+    decimal_validator,
+    float_finite_validator,
+    float_validator,
+    frozenset_validator,
+    int_validator,
+    list_validator,
+    number_multiple_validator,
+    number_size_validator,
+    path_exists_validator,
+    path_validator,
+    set_validator,
+    str_validator,
+    strict_bytes_validator,
+    strict_float_validator,
+    strict_int_validator,
+    strict_str_validator,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'NoneStr',
+    'NoneBytes',
+    'StrBytes',
+    'NoneStrBytes',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'ConstrainedBytes',
+    'conbytes',
+    'ConstrainedList',
+    'conlist',
+    'ConstrainedSet',
+    'conset',
+    'ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'ConstrainedStr',
+    'constr',
+    'PyObject',
+    'ConstrainedInt',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'ConstrainedFloat',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'condecimal',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'Json',
+    'JsonWrapper',
+    'SecretField',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    'ConstrainedDate',
+    'condate',
+]
+
+NoneStr = Optional[str]
+NoneBytes = Optional[bytes]
+StrBytes = Union[str, bytes]
+NoneStrBytes = Optional[StrBytes]
+OptionalInt = Optional[int]
+OptionalIntFloat = Union[OptionalInt, float]
+OptionalIntFloatDecimal = Union[OptionalIntFloat, Decimal]
+OptionalDate = Optional[date]
+StrIntFloat = Union[str, int, float]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import Dataclass
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import CallableGenerator
+
+    ModelOrDc = Type[Union[BaseModel, Dataclass]]
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+_DEFINED_TYPES: 'WeakSet[type]' = WeakSet()
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: Type[T]) -> Type[T]:
+    pass
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: 'ConstrainedNumberMeta') -> 'ConstrainedNumberMeta':
+    pass
+
+
+def _registered(typ: Union[Type[T], 'ConstrainedNumberMeta']) -> Union[Type[T], 'ConstrainedNumberMeta']:
+    # In order to generate valid examples of constrained types, Hypothesis needs
+    # to inspect the type object - so we keep a weakref to each contype object
+    # until it can be registered.  When (or if) our Hypothesis plugin is loaded,
+    # it monkeypatches this function.
+    # If Hypothesis is never used, the total effect is to keep a weak reference
+    # which has minimal memory usage and doesn't even affect garbage collection.
+    _DEFINED_TYPES.add(typ)
+    return typ
+
+
+class ConstrainedNumberMeta(type):
+    def __new__(cls, name: str, bases: Any, dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'ConstrainedInt':  # type: ignore
+        new_cls = cast('ConstrainedInt', type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dct))
+
+        if new_cls.gt is not None and new_cls.ge is not None:
+            raise errors.ConfigError('bounds gt and ge cannot be specified at the same time')
+        if new_cls.lt is not None and new_cls.le is not None:
+            raise errors.ConfigError('bounds lt and le cannot be specified at the same time')
+
+        return _registered(new_cls)  # type: ignore
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BOOLEAN TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    StrictBool = bool
+else:
+
+    class StrictBool(int):
+        """
+        StrictBool to allow for bools which are not type-coerced.
+        """
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(type='boolean')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Any) -> bool:
+            """
+            Ensure that we only allow bools.
+            """
+            if isinstance(value, bool):
+                return value
+
+            raise errors.StrictBoolError()
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ INTEGER TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedInt(int, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    strict: bool = False
+    gt: OptionalInt = None
+    ge: OptionalInt = None
+    lt: OptionalInt = None
+    le: OptionalInt = None
+    multiple_of: OptionalInt = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt,
+            exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt,
+            minimum=cls.ge,
+            maximum=cls.le,
+            multipleOf=cls.multiple_of,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_int_validator if cls.strict else int_validator
+        yield number_size_validator
+        yield number_multiple_validator
+
+
+def conint(
+    *,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    gt: Optional[int] = None,
+    ge: Optional[int] = None,
+    lt: Optional[int] = None,
+    le: Optional[int] = None,
+    multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> Type[int]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(strict=strict, gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le, multiple_of=multiple_of)
+    return type('ConstrainedIntValue', (ConstrainedInt,), namespace)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PositiveInt = int
+    NegativeInt = int
+    NonPositiveInt = int
+    NonNegativeInt = int
+    StrictInt = int
+else:
+
+    class PositiveInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        gt = 0
+
+    class NegativeInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        lt = 0
+
+    class NonPositiveInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        le = 0
+
+    class NonNegativeInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        ge = 0
+
+    class StrictInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        strict = True
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FLOAT TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedFloat(float, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    strict: bool = False
+    gt: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    ge: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    lt: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    le: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    multiple_of: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    allow_inf_nan: Optional[bool] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt,
+            exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt,
+            minimum=cls.ge,
+            maximum=cls.le,
+            multipleOf=cls.multiple_of,
+        )
+        # Modify constraints to account for differences between IEEE floats and JSON
+        if field_schema.get('exclusiveMinimum') == -math.inf:
+            del field_schema['exclusiveMinimum']
+        if field_schema.get('minimum') == -math.inf:
+            del field_schema['minimum']
+        if field_schema.get('exclusiveMaximum') == math.inf:
+            del field_schema['exclusiveMaximum']
+        if field_schema.get('maximum') == math.inf:
+            del field_schema['maximum']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_float_validator if cls.strict else float_validator
+        yield number_size_validator
+        yield number_multiple_validator
+        yield float_finite_validator
+
+
+def confloat(
+    *,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    gt: float = None,
+    ge: float = None,
+    lt: float = None,
+    le: float = None,
+    multiple_of: float = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> Type[float]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(strict=strict, gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le, multiple_of=multiple_of, allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan)
+    return type('ConstrainedFloatValue', (ConstrainedFloat,), namespace)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PositiveFloat = float
+    NegativeFloat = float
+    NonPositiveFloat = float
+    NonNegativeFloat = float
+    StrictFloat = float
+    FiniteFloat = float
+else:
+
+    class PositiveFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        gt = 0
+
+    class NegativeFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        lt = 0
+
+    class NonPositiveFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        le = 0
+
+    class NonNegativeFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        ge = 0
+
+    class StrictFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        strict = True
+
+    class FiniteFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        allow_inf_nan = False
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTES TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedBytes(bytes):
+    strip_whitespace = False
+    to_upper = False
+    to_lower = False
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+    strict: bool = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minLength=cls.min_length, maxLength=cls.max_length)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_bytes_validator if cls.strict else bytes_validator
+        yield constr_strip_whitespace
+        yield constr_upper
+        yield constr_lower
+        yield constr_length_validator
+
+
+def conbytes(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool = False,
+    to_upper: bool = False,
+    to_lower: bool = False,
+    min_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    strict: bool = False,
+) -> Type[bytes]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        to_upper=to_upper,
+        to_lower=to_lower,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        strict=strict,
+    )
+    return _registered(type('ConstrainedBytesValue', (ConstrainedBytes,), namespace))
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    StrictBytes = bytes
+else:
+
+    class StrictBytes(ConstrainedBytes):
+        strict = True
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STRING TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedStr(str):
+    strip_whitespace = False
+    to_upper = False
+    to_lower = False
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+    curtail_length: OptionalInt = None
+    regex: Optional[Union[str, Pattern[str]]] = None
+    strict = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            minLength=cls.min_length,
+            maxLength=cls.max_length,
+            pattern=cls.regex and cls._get_pattern(cls.regex),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_str_validator if cls.strict else str_validator
+        yield constr_strip_whitespace
+        yield constr_upper
+        yield constr_lower
+        yield constr_length_validator
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Union[str]) -> Union[str]:
+        if cls.curtail_length and len(value) > cls.curtail_length:
+            value = value[: cls.curtail_length]
+
+        if cls.regex:
+            if not re.match(cls.regex, value):
+                raise errors.StrRegexError(pattern=cls._get_pattern(cls.regex))
+
+        return value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_pattern(regex: Union[str, Pattern[str]]) -> str:
+        return regex if isinstance(regex, str) else regex.pattern
+
+
+def constr(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool = False,
+    to_upper: bool = False,
+    to_lower: bool = False,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    min_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    curtail_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    regex: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Type[str]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        to_upper=to_upper,
+        to_lower=to_lower,
+        strict=strict,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        curtail_length=curtail_length,
+        regex=regex and re.compile(regex),
+    )
+    return _registered(type('ConstrainedStrValue', (ConstrainedStr,), namespace))
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    StrictStr = str
+else:
+
+    class StrictStr(ConstrainedStr):
+        strict = True
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SET TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+# This types superclass should be Set[T], but cython chokes on that...
+class ConstrainedSet(set):  # type: ignore
+    # Needed for pydantic to detect that this is a set
+    __origin__ = set
+    __args__: Set[Type[T]]  # type: ignore
+
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None
+    item_type: Type[T]  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.set_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minItems=cls.min_items, maxItems=cls.max_items)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def set_length_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[Set[T]]') -> 'Optional[Set[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        v = set_validator(v)
+        v_len = len(v)
+
+        if cls.min_items is not None and v_len < cls.min_items:
+            raise errors.SetMinLengthError(limit_value=cls.min_items)
+
+        if cls.max_items is not None and v_len > cls.max_items:
+            raise errors.SetMaxLengthError(limit_value=cls.max_items)
+
+        return v
+
+
+def conset(item_type: Type[T], *, min_items: Optional[int] = None, max_items: Optional[int] = None) -> Type[Set[T]]:
+    # __args__ is needed to conform to typing generics api
+    namespace = {'min_items': min_items, 'max_items': max_items, 'item_type': item_type, '__args__': [item_type]}
+    # We use new_class to be able to deal with Generic types
+    return new_class('ConstrainedSetValue', (ConstrainedSet,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(namespace))
+
+
+# This types superclass should be FrozenSet[T], but cython chokes on that...
+class ConstrainedFrozenSet(frozenset):  # type: ignore
+    # Needed for pydantic to detect that this is a set
+    __origin__ = frozenset
+    __args__: FrozenSet[Type[T]]  # type: ignore
+
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None
+    item_type: Type[T]  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.frozenset_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minItems=cls.min_items, maxItems=cls.max_items)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def frozenset_length_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[FrozenSet[T]]') -> 'Optional[FrozenSet[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        v = frozenset_validator(v)
+        v_len = len(v)
+
+        if cls.min_items is not None and v_len < cls.min_items:
+            raise errors.FrozenSetMinLengthError(limit_value=cls.min_items)
+
+        if cls.max_items is not None and v_len > cls.max_items:
+            raise errors.FrozenSetMaxLengthError(limit_value=cls.max_items)
+
+        return v
+
+
+def confrozenset(
+    item_type: Type[T], *, min_items: Optional[int] = None, max_items: Optional[int] = None
+) -> Type[FrozenSet[T]]:
+    # __args__ is needed to conform to typing generics api
+    namespace = {'min_items': min_items, 'max_items': max_items, 'item_type': item_type, '__args__': [item_type]}
+    # We use new_class to be able to deal with Generic types
+    return new_class('ConstrainedFrozenSetValue', (ConstrainedFrozenSet,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(namespace))
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LIST TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+# This types superclass should be List[T], but cython chokes on that...
+class ConstrainedList(list):  # type: ignore
+    # Needed for pydantic to detect that this is a list
+    __origin__ = list
+    __args__: Tuple[Type[T], ...]  # type: ignore
+
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None
+    unique_items: Optional[bool] = None
+    item_type: Type[T]  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.list_length_validator
+        if cls.unique_items:
+            yield cls.unique_items_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minItems=cls.min_items, maxItems=cls.max_items, uniqueItems=cls.unique_items)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_length_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[List[T]]') -> 'Optional[List[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        v = list_validator(v)
+        v_len = len(v)
+
+        if cls.min_items is not None and v_len < cls.min_items:
+            raise errors.ListMinLengthError(limit_value=cls.min_items)
+
+        if cls.max_items is not None and v_len > cls.max_items:
+            raise errors.ListMaxLengthError(limit_value=cls.max_items)
+
+        return v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def unique_items_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[List[T]]') -> 'Optional[List[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        for i, value in enumerate(v, start=1):
+            if value in v[i:]:
+                raise errors.ListUniqueItemsError()
+
+        return v
+
+
+def conlist(
+    item_type: Type[T], *, min_items: Optional[int] = None, max_items: Optional[int] = None, unique_items: bool = None
+) -> Type[List[T]]:
+    # __args__ is needed to conform to typing generics api
+    namespace = dict(
+        min_items=min_items, max_items=max_items, unique_items=unique_items, item_type=item_type, __args__=(item_type,)
+    )
+    # We use new_class to be able to deal with Generic types
+    return new_class('ConstrainedListValue', (ConstrainedList,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(namespace))
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PYOBJECT TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PyObject = Callable[..., Any]
+else:
+
+    class PyObject:
+        validate_always = True
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+            if isinstance(value, Callable):
+                return value
+
+            try:
+                value = str_validator(value)
+            except errors.StrError:
+                raise errors.PyObjectError(error_message='value is neither a valid import path not a valid callable')
+
+            try:
+                return import_string(value)
+            except ImportError as e:
+                raise errors.PyObjectError(error_message=str(e))
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DECIMAL TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedDecimal(Decimal, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    gt: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    ge: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    lt: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    le: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    max_digits: OptionalInt = None
+    decimal_places: OptionalInt = None
+    multiple_of: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt,
+            exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt,
+            minimum=cls.ge,
+            maximum=cls.le,
+            multipleOf=cls.multiple_of,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield decimal_validator
+        yield number_size_validator
+        yield number_multiple_validator
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Decimal) -> Decimal:
+        try:
+            normalized_value = value.normalize()
+        except InvalidOperation:
+            normalized_value = value
+        digit_tuple, exponent = normalized_value.as_tuple()[1:]
+        if exponent in {'F', 'n', 'N'}:
+            raise errors.DecimalIsNotFiniteError()
+
+        if exponent >= 0:
+            # A positive exponent adds that many trailing zeros.
+            digits = len(digit_tuple) + exponent
+            decimals = 0
+        else:
+            # If the absolute value of the negative exponent is larger than the
+            # number of digits, then it's the same as the number of digits,
+            # because it'll consume all of the digits in digit_tuple and then
+            # add abs(exponent) - len(digit_tuple) leading zeros after the
+            # decimal point.
+            if abs(exponent) > len(digit_tuple):
+                digits = decimals = abs(exponent)
+            else:
+                digits = len(digit_tuple)
+                decimals = abs(exponent)
+        whole_digits = digits - decimals
+
+        if cls.max_digits is not None and digits > cls.max_digits:
+            raise errors.DecimalMaxDigitsError(max_digits=cls.max_digits)
+
+        if cls.decimal_places is not None and decimals > cls.decimal_places:
+            raise errors.DecimalMaxPlacesError(decimal_places=cls.decimal_places)
+
+        if cls.max_digits is not None and cls.decimal_places is not None:
+            expected = cls.max_digits - cls.decimal_places
+            if whole_digits > expected:
+                raise errors.DecimalWholeDigitsError(whole_digits=expected)
+
+        return value
+
+
+def condecimal(
+    *,
+    gt: Decimal = None,
+    ge: Decimal = None,
+    lt: Decimal = None,
+    le: Decimal = None,
+    max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
+    decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
+    multiple_of: Decimal = None,
+) -> Type[Decimal]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le, max_digits=max_digits, decimal_places=decimal_places, multiple_of=multiple_of
+    )
+    return type('ConstrainedDecimalValue', (ConstrainedDecimal,), namespace)
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UUID TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    UUID1 = UUID
+    UUID3 = UUID
+    UUID4 = UUID
+    UUID5 = UUID
+else:
+
+    class UUID1(UUID):
+        _required_version = 1
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format=f'uuid{cls._required_version}')
+
+    class UUID3(UUID1):
+        _required_version = 3
+
+    class UUID4(UUID1):
+        _required_version = 4
+
+    class UUID5(UUID1):
+        _required_version = 5
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PATH TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    FilePath = Path
+    DirectoryPath = Path
+else:
+
+    class FilePath(Path):
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(format='file-path')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield path_validator
+            yield path_exists_validator
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Path) -> Path:
+            if not value.is_file():
+                raise errors.PathNotAFileError(path=value)
+
+            return value
+
+    class DirectoryPath(Path):
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(format='directory-path')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield path_validator
+            yield path_exists_validator
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Path) -> Path:
+            if not value.is_dir():
+                raise errors.PathNotADirectoryError(path=value)
+
+            return value
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ JSON TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class JsonWrapper:
+    pass
+
+
+class JsonMeta(type):
+    def __getitem__(self, t: Type[Any]) -> Type[JsonWrapper]:
+        if t is Any:
+            return Json  # allow Json[Any] to replicate plain Json
+        return _registered(type('JsonWrapperValue', (JsonWrapper,), {'inner_type': t}))
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    Json = Annotated[T, ...]  # Json[list[str]] will be recognized by type checkers as list[str]
+
+else:
+
+    class Json(metaclass=JsonMeta):
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='json-string')
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECRET TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class SecretField(abc.ABC):
+    """
+    Note: this should be implemented as a generic like `SecretField(ABC, Generic[T])`,
+          the `__init__()` should be part of the abstract class and the
+          `get_secret_value()` method should use the generic `T` type.
+
+          However Cython doesn't support very well generics at the moment and
+          the generated code fails to be imported (see
+          https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/2753).
+    """
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.get_secret_value() == other.get_secret_value()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return '**********' if self.get_secret_value() else ''
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.get_secret_value())
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+class SecretStr(SecretField):
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            type='string',
+            writeOnly=True,
+            format='password',
+            minLength=cls.min_length,
+            maxLength=cls.max_length,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+        yield constr_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'SecretStr':
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        value = str_validator(value)
+        return cls(value)
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str):
+        self._secret_value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"SecretStr('{self}')"
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def display(self) -> str:
+        warnings.warn('`secret_str.display()` is deprecated, use `str(secret_str)` instead', DeprecationWarning)
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> str:
+        return self._secret_value
+
+
+class SecretBytes(SecretField):
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            type='string',
+            writeOnly=True,
+            format='password',
+            minLength=cls.min_length,
+            maxLength=cls.max_length,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+        yield constr_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'SecretBytes':
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        value = bytes_validator(value)
+        return cls(value)
+
+    def __init__(self, value: bytes):
+        self._secret_value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"SecretBytes(b'{self}')"
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def display(self) -> str:
+        warnings.warn('`secret_bytes.display()` is deprecated, use `str(secret_bytes)` instead', DeprecationWarning)
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._secret_value
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PAYMENT CARD TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class PaymentCardBrand(str, Enum):
+    # If you add another card type, please also add it to the
+    # Hypothesis strategy in `pydantic._hypothesis_plugin`.
+    amex = 'American Express'
+    mastercard = 'Mastercard'
+    visa = 'Visa'
+    other = 'other'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class PaymentCardNumber(str):
+    """
+    Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number
+    """
+
+    strip_whitespace: ClassVar[bool] = True
+    min_length: ClassVar[int] = 12
+    max_length: ClassVar[int] = 19
+    bin: str
+    last4: str
+    brand: PaymentCardBrand
+
+    def __init__(self, card_number: str):
+        self.bin = card_number[:6]
+        self.last4 = card_number[-4:]
+        self.brand = self._get_brand(card_number)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield str_validator
+        yield constr_strip_whitespace
+        yield constr_length_validator
+        yield cls.validate_digits
+        yield cls.validate_luhn_check_digit
+        yield cls
+        yield cls.validate_length_for_brand
+
+    @property
+    def masked(self) -> str:
+        num_masked = len(self) - 10  # len(bin) + len(last4) == 10
+        return f'{self.bin}{"*" * num_masked}{self.last4}'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_digits(cls, card_number: str) -> str:
+        if not card_number.isdigit():
+            raise errors.NotDigitError
+        return card_number
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_luhn_check_digit(cls, card_number: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm
+        """
+        sum_ = int(card_number[-1])
+        length = len(card_number)
+        parity = length % 2
+        for i in range(length - 1):
+            digit = int(card_number[i])
+            if i % 2 == parity:
+                digit *= 2
+            if digit > 9:
+                digit -= 9
+            sum_ += digit
+        valid = sum_ % 10 == 0
+        if not valid:
+            raise errors.LuhnValidationError
+        return card_number
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_length_for_brand(cls, card_number: 'PaymentCardNumber') -> 'PaymentCardNumber':
+        """
+        Validate length based on BIN for major brands:
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number#Issuer_identification_number_(IIN)
+        """
+        required_length: Union[None, int, str] = None
+        if card_number.brand in PaymentCardBrand.mastercard:
+            required_length = 16
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        elif card_number.brand == PaymentCardBrand.visa:
+            required_length = '13, 16 or 19'
+            valid = len(card_number) in {13, 16, 19}
+        elif card_number.brand == PaymentCardBrand.amex:
+            required_length = 15
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        else:
+            valid = True
+        if not valid:
+            raise errors.InvalidLengthForBrand(brand=card_number.brand, required_length=required_length)
+        return card_number
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_brand(card_number: str) -> PaymentCardBrand:
+        if card_number[0] == '4':
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.visa
+        elif 51 <= int(card_number[:2]) <= 55:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.mastercard
+        elif card_number[:2] in {'34', '37'}:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.amex
+        else:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.other
+        return brand
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTE SIZE TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+BYTE_SIZES = {
+    'b': 1,
+    'kb': 10**3,
+    'mb': 10**6,
+    'gb': 10**9,
+    'tb': 10**12,
+    'pb': 10**15,
+    'eb': 10**18,
+    'kib': 2**10,
+    'mib': 2**20,
+    'gib': 2**30,
+    'tib': 2**40,
+    'pib': 2**50,
+    'eib': 2**60,
+}
+BYTE_SIZES.update({k.lower()[0]: v for k, v in BYTE_SIZES.items() if 'i' not in k})
+byte_string_re = re.compile(r'^\s*(\d*\.?\d+)\s*(\w+)?', re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+class ByteSize(int):
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, v: StrIntFloat) -> 'ByteSize':
+        try:
+            return cls(int(v))
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        str_match = byte_string_re.match(str(v))
+        if str_match is None:
+            raise errors.InvalidByteSize()
+
+        scalar, unit = str_match.groups()
+        if unit is None:
+            unit = 'b'
+
+        try:
+            unit_mult = BYTE_SIZES[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise errors.InvalidByteSizeUnit(unit=unit)
+
+        return cls(int(float(scalar) * unit_mult))
+
+    def human_readable(self, decimal: bool = False) -> str:
+        if decimal:
+            divisor = 1000
+            units = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB']
+            final_unit = 'EB'
+        else:
+            divisor = 1024
+            units = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB']
+            final_unit = 'EiB'
+
+        num = float(self)
+        for unit in units:
+            if abs(num) < divisor:
+                return f'{num:0.1f}{unit}'
+            num /= divisor
+
+        return f'{num:0.1f}{final_unit}'
+
+    def to(self, unit: str) -> float:
+        try:
+            unit_div = BYTE_SIZES[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise errors.InvalidByteSizeUnit(unit=unit)
+
+        return self / unit_div
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DATE TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PastDate = date
+    FutureDate = date
+else:
+
+    class PastDate(date):
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield parse_date
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: date) -> date:
+            if value >= date.today():
+                raise errors.DateNotInThePastError()
+
+            return value
+
+    class FutureDate(date):
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield parse_date
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: date) -> date:
+            if value <= date.today():
+                raise errors.DateNotInTheFutureError()
+
+            return value
+
+
+class ConstrainedDate(date, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    gt: OptionalDate = None
+    ge: OptionalDate = None
+    lt: OptionalDate = None
+    le: OptionalDate = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt, exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt, minimum=cls.ge, maximum=cls.le)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield parse_date
+        yield number_size_validator
+
+
+def condate(
+    *,
+    gt: date = None,
+    ge: date = None,
+    lt: date = None,
+    le: date = None,
+) -> Type[date]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le)
+    return type('ConstrainedDateValue', (ConstrainedDate,), namespace)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/typing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c5979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+import functools
+import operator
+import sys
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import (  # type: ignore
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
+    Any,
+    Callable as TypingCallable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    _eval_type,
+    cast,
+    get_type_hints,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import (
+    Annotated,
+    Final,
+    Literal,
+    NotRequired as TypedDictNotRequired,
+    Required as TypedDictRequired,
+)
+
+try:
+    from typing import _TypingBase as typing_base  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    from typing import _Final as typing_base  # type: ignore
+
+try:
+    from typing import GenericAlias as TypingGenericAlias  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    # python < 3.9 does not have GenericAlias (list[int], tuple[str, ...] and so on)
+    TypingGenericAlias = ()
+
+try:
+    from types import UnionType as TypesUnionType  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    # python < 3.10 does not have UnionType (str | int, byte | bool and so on)
+    TypesUnionType = ()
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        return type_._evaluate(globalns, localns)
+
+elif sys.version_info < (3, 12, 4):
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        # Even though it is the right signature for python 3.9, mypy complains with
+        # `error: Too many arguments for "_evaluate" of "ForwardRef"` hence the cast...
+        # Python 3.13/3.12.4+ made `recursive_guard` a kwarg, so name it explicitly to avoid:
+        # TypeError: ForwardRef._evaluate() missing 1 required keyword-only argument: 'recursive_guard'
+        return cast(Any, type_)._evaluate(globalns, localns, recursive_guard=set())
+
+elif sys.version_info < (3, 14):
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        # Pydantic 1.x will not support PEP 695 syntax, but provide `type_params` to avoid
+        # warnings:
+        return cast(Any, type_)._evaluate(globalns, localns, type_params=(), recursive_guard=set())
+
+else:
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        # Pydantic 1.x will not support PEP 695 syntax, but provide `type_params` to avoid
+        # warnings:
+        return typing.evaluate_forward_ref(
+            type_,
+            globals=globalns,
+            locals=localns,
+            type_params=(),
+            _recursive_guard=set(),
+        )
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+    # Ensure we always get all the whole `Annotated` hint, not just the annotated type.
+    # For 3.7 to 3.8, `get_type_hints` doesn't recognize `typing_extensions.Annotated`,
+    # so it already returns the full annotation
+    get_all_type_hints = get_type_hints
+
+else:
+
+    def get_all_type_hints(obj: Any, globalns: Any = None, localns: Any = None) -> Any:
+        return get_type_hints(obj, globalns, localns, include_extras=True)
+
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+AnyCallable = TypingCallable[..., Any]
+NoArgAnyCallable = TypingCallable[[], Any]
+
+# workaround for https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/9496
+AnyArgTCallable = TypingCallable[..., _T]
+
+
+# Annotated[...] is implemented by returning an instance of one of these classes, depending on
+# python/typing_extensions version.
+AnnotatedTypeNames = {'AnnotatedMeta', '_AnnotatedAlias'}
+
+
+LITERAL_TYPES: Set[Any] = {Literal}
+if hasattr(typing, 'Literal'):
+    LITERAL_TYPES.add(typing.Literal)
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+
+    def get_origin(t: Type[Any]) -> Optional[Type[Any]]:
+        if type(t).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            # weirdly this is a runtime requirement, as well as for mypy
+            return cast(Type[Any], Annotated)
+        return getattr(t, '__origin__', None)
+
+else:
+    from typing import get_origin as _typing_get_origin
+
+    def get_origin(tp: Type[Any]) -> Optional[Type[Any]]:
+        """
+        We can't directly use `typing.get_origin` since we need a fallback to support
+        custom generic classes like `ConstrainedList`
+        It should be useless once https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3537 is
+        solved and https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/1753 is merged.
+        """
+        if type(tp).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            return cast(Type[Any], Annotated)  # mypy complains about _SpecialForm
+        return _typing_get_origin(tp) or getattr(tp, '__origin__', None)
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing import _GenericAlias
+
+    def get_args(t: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """Compatibility version of get_args for python 3.7.
+
+        Mostly compatible with the python 3.8 `typing` module version
+        and able to handle almost all use cases.
+        """
+        if type(t).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            return t.__args__ + t.__metadata__
+        if isinstance(t, _GenericAlias):
+            res = t.__args__
+            if t.__origin__ is Callable and res and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return getattr(t, '__args__', ())
+
+else:
+    from typing import get_args as _typing_get_args
+
+    def _generic_get_args(tp: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """
+        In python 3.9, `typing.Dict`, `typing.List`, ...
+        do have an empty `__args__` by default (instead of the generic ~T for example).
+        In order to still support `Dict` for example and consider it as `Dict[Any, Any]`,
+        we retrieve the `_nparams` value that tells us how many parameters it needs.
+        """
+        if hasattr(tp, '_nparams'):
+            return (Any,) * tp._nparams
+        # Special case for `tuple[()]`, which used to return ((),) with `typing.Tuple`
+        # in python 3.10- but now returns () for `tuple` and `Tuple`.
+        # This will probably be clarified in pydantic v2
+        try:
+            if tp == Tuple[()] or sys.version_info >= (3, 9) and tp == tuple[()]:  # type: ignore[misc]
+                return ((),)
+        # there is a TypeError when compiled with cython
+        except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        return ()
+
+    def get_args(tp: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if type(tp).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            return tp.__args__ + tp.__metadata__
+        # the fallback is needed for the same reasons as `get_origin` (see above)
+        return _typing_get_args(tp) or getattr(tp, '__args__', ()) or _generic_get_args(tp)
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+
+    def convert_generics(tp: Type[Any]) -> Type[Any]:
+        """Python 3.9 and older only supports generics from `typing` module.
+        They convert strings to ForwardRef automatically.
+
+        Examples::
+            typing.List['Hero'] == typing.List[ForwardRef('Hero')]
+        """
+        return tp
+
+else:
+
+    def convert_generics(tp: Type[Any]) -> Type[Any]:
+        """
+        Recursively searches for `str` type hints and replaces them with ForwardRef.
+
+        Examples::
+            convert_generics(list['Hero']) == list[ForwardRef('Hero')]
+            convert_generics(dict['Hero', 'Team']) == dict[ForwardRef('Hero'), ForwardRef('Team')]
+            convert_generics(typing.Dict['Hero', 'Team']) == typing.Dict[ForwardRef('Hero'), ForwardRef('Team')]
+            convert_generics(list[str | 'Hero'] | int) == list[str | ForwardRef('Hero')] | int
+        """
+        origin = get_origin(tp)
+        if not origin or not hasattr(tp, '__args__'):
+            return tp
+
+        args = get_args(tp)
+
+        # typing.Annotated needs special treatment
+        if origin is Annotated:
+            return Annotated[(convert_generics(args[0]), *args[1:])]  # type: ignore
+
+        # recursively replace `str` instances inside of `GenericAlias` with `ForwardRef(arg)`
+        converted = tuple(
+            ForwardRef(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) and isinstance(tp, TypingGenericAlias) else convert_generics(arg)
+            for arg in args
+        )
+
+        if converted == args:
+            return tp
+        elif isinstance(tp, TypingGenericAlias):
+            return TypingGenericAlias(origin, converted)
+        elif isinstance(tp, TypesUnionType):
+            # recreate types.UnionType (PEP604, Python >= 3.10)
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, converted)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            try:
+                setattr(tp, '__args__', converted)
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            return tp
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+
+    def is_union(tp: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+        return tp is Union
+
+    WithArgsTypes = (TypingGenericAlias,)
+
+else:
+    import types
+    import typing
+
+    def is_union(tp: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+        return tp is Union or tp is types.UnionType  # noqa: E721
+
+    WithArgsTypes = (typing._GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType)
+
+
+StrPath = Union[str, PathLike]
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+
+    TupleGenerator = Generator[Tuple[str, Any], None, None]
+    DictStrAny = Dict[str, Any]
+    DictAny = Dict[Any, Any]
+    SetStr = Set[str]
+    ListStr = List[str]
+    IntStr = Union[int, str]
+    AbstractSetIntStr = AbstractSet[IntStr]
+    DictIntStrAny = Dict[IntStr, Any]
+    MappingIntStrAny = Mapping[IntStr, Any]
+    CallableGenerator = Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]
+    ReprArgs = Sequence[Tuple[Optional[str], Any]]
+
+    MYPY = False
+    if MYPY:
+        AnyClassMethod = classmethod[Any]
+    else:
+        # classmethod[TargetType, CallableParamSpecType, CallableReturnType]
+        AnyClassMethod = classmethod[Any, Any, Any]
+
+__all__ = (
+    'AnyCallable',
+    'NoArgAnyCallable',
+    'NoneType',
+    'is_none_type',
+    'display_as_type',
+    'resolve_annotations',
+    'is_callable_type',
+    'is_literal_type',
+    'all_literal_values',
+    'is_namedtuple',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'is_typeddict_special',
+    'is_new_type',
+    'new_type_supertype',
+    'is_classvar',
+    'is_finalvar',
+    'update_field_forward_refs',
+    'update_model_forward_refs',
+    'TupleGenerator',
+    'DictStrAny',
+    'DictAny',
+    'SetStr',
+    'ListStr',
+    'IntStr',
+    'AbstractSetIntStr',
+    'DictIntStrAny',
+    'CallableGenerator',
+    'ReprArgs',
+    'AnyClassMethod',
+    'CallableGenerator',
+    'WithArgsTypes',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_sub_types',
+    'typing_base',
+    'get_all_type_hints',
+    'is_union',
+    'StrPath',
+    'MappingIntStrAny',
+)
+
+
+NoneType = None.__class__
+
+
+NONE_TYPES: Tuple[Any, Any, Any] = (None, NoneType, Literal[None])
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    # Even though this implementation is slower, we need it for python 3.7:
+    # In python 3.7 "Literal" is not a builtin type and uses a different
+    # mechanism.
+    # for this reason `Literal[None] is Literal[None]` evaluates to `False`,
+    # breaking the faster implementation used for the other python versions.
+
+    def is_none_type(type_: Any) -> bool:
+        return type_ in NONE_TYPES
+
+elif sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 8):
+
+    def is_none_type(type_: Any) -> bool:
+        for none_type in NONE_TYPES:
+            if type_ is none_type:
+                return True
+        # With python 3.8, specifically 3.8.10, Literal "is" check sare very flakey
+        # can change on very subtle changes like use of types in other modules,
+        # hopefully this check avoids that issue.
+        if is_literal_type(type_):  # pragma: no cover
+            return all_literal_values(type_) == (None,)
+        return False
+
+else:
+
+    def is_none_type(type_: Any) -> bool:
+        return type_ in NONE_TYPES
+
+
+def display_as_type(v: Type[Any]) -> str:
+    if not isinstance(v, typing_base) and not isinstance(v, WithArgsTypes) and not isinstance(v, type):
+        v = v.__class__
+
+    if is_union(get_origin(v)):
+        return f'Union[{", ".join(map(display_as_type, get_args(v)))}]'
+
+    if isinstance(v, WithArgsTypes):
+        # Generic alias are constructs like `list[int]`
+        return str(v).replace('typing.', '')
+
+    try:
+        return v.__name__
+    except AttributeError:
+        # happens with typing objects
+        return str(v).replace('typing.', '')
+
+
+def resolve_annotations(raw_annotations: Dict[str, Type[Any]], module_name: Optional[str]) -> Dict[str, Type[Any]]:
+    """
+    Partially taken from typing.get_type_hints.
+
+    Resolve string or ForwardRef annotations into type objects if possible.
+    """
+    base_globals: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    if module_name:
+        try:
+            module = sys.modules[module_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            # happens occasionally, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/2363
+            pass
+        else:
+            base_globals = module.__dict__
+
+    annotations = {}
+    for name, value in raw_annotations.items():
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            if (3, 10) > sys.version_info >= (3, 9, 8) or sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+                value = ForwardRef(value, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+            else:
+                value = ForwardRef(value, is_argument=False)
+        try:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+                value = _eval_type(value, base_globals, None, type_params=())
+            else:
+                value = _eval_type(value, base_globals, None)
+        except NameError:
+            # this is ok, it can be fixed with update_forward_refs
+            pass
+        annotations[name] = value
+    return annotations
+
+
+def is_callable_type(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    return type_ is Callable or get_origin(type_) is Callable
+
+
+def is_literal_type(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    return Literal is not None and get_origin(type_) in LITERAL_TYPES
+
+
+def literal_values(type_: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+    return get_args(type_)
+
+
+def all_literal_values(type_: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+    """
+    This method is used to retrieve all Literal values as
+    Literal can be used recursively (see https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0586)
+    e.g. `Literal[Literal[Literal[1, 2, 3], "foo"], 5, None]`
+    """
+    if not is_literal_type(type_):
+        return (type_,)
+
+    values = literal_values(type_)
+    return tuple(x for value in values for x in all_literal_values(value))
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a given class is a named tuple.
+    It can be either a `typing.NamedTuple` or `collections.namedtuple`
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.utils import lenient_issubclass
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(type_, tuple) and hasattr(type_, '_fields')
+
+
+def is_typeddict(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a given class is a typed dict (from `typing` or `typing_extensions`)
+    In 3.10, there will be a public method (https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/typing.html#typing.is_typeddict)
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.utils import lenient_issubclass
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(type_, dict) and hasattr(type_, '__total__')
+
+
+def _check_typeddict_special(type_: Any) -> bool:
+    return type_ is TypedDictRequired or type_ is TypedDictNotRequired
+
+
+def is_typeddict_special(type_: Any) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if type is a TypedDict special form (Required or NotRequired).
+    """
+    return _check_typeddict_special(type_) or _check_typeddict_special(get_origin(type_))
+
+
+test_type = NewType('test_type', str)
+
+
+def is_new_type(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check whether type_ was created using typing.NewType
+    """
+    return isinstance(type_, test_type.__class__) and hasattr(type_, '__supertype__')  # type: ignore
+
+
+def new_type_supertype(type_: Type[Any]) -> Type[Any]:
+    while hasattr(type_, '__supertype__'):
+        type_ = type_.__supertype__
+    return type_
+
+
+def _check_classvar(v: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+    if v is None:
+        return False
+
+    return v.__class__ == ClassVar.__class__ and getattr(v, '_name', None) == 'ClassVar'
+
+
+def _check_finalvar(v: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a given type is a `typing.Final` type.
+    """
+    if v is None:
+        return False
+
+    return v.__class__ == Final.__class__ and (sys.version_info < (3, 8) or getattr(v, '_name', None) == 'Final')
+
+
+def is_classvar(ann_type: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    if _check_classvar(ann_type) or _check_classvar(get_origin(ann_type)):
+        return True
+
+    # this is an ugly workaround for class vars that contain forward references and are therefore themselves
+    # forward references, see #3679
+    if ann_type.__class__ == ForwardRef and ann_type.__forward_arg__.startswith('ClassVar['):
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def is_finalvar(ann_type: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    return _check_finalvar(ann_type) or _check_finalvar(get_origin(ann_type))
+
+
+def update_field_forward_refs(field: 'ModelField', globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> None:
+    """
+    Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this ModelField, globalns and localns.
+    """
+    prepare = False
+    if field.type_.__class__ == ForwardRef:
+        prepare = True
+        field.type_ = evaluate_forwardref(field.type_, globalns, localns or None)
+    if field.outer_type_.__class__ == ForwardRef:
+        prepare = True
+        field.outer_type_ = evaluate_forwardref(field.outer_type_, globalns, localns or None)
+    if prepare:
+        field.prepare()
+
+    if field.sub_fields:
+        for sub_f in field.sub_fields:
+            update_field_forward_refs(sub_f, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+
+    if field.discriminator_key is not None:
+        field.prepare_discriminated_union_sub_fields()
+
+
+def update_model_forward_refs(
+    model: Type[Any],
+    fields: Iterable['ModelField'],
+    json_encoders: Dict[Union[Type[Any], str, ForwardRef], AnyCallable],
+    localns: 'DictStrAny',
+    exc_to_suppress: Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...] = (),
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Try to update model fields ForwardRefs based on model and localns.
+    """
+    if model.__module__ in sys.modules:
+        globalns = sys.modules[model.__module__].__dict__.copy()
+    else:
+        globalns = {}
+
+    globalns.setdefault(model.__name__, model)
+
+    for f in fields:
+        try:
+            update_field_forward_refs(f, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+        except exc_to_suppress:
+            pass
+
+    for key in set(json_encoders.keys()):
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            fr: ForwardRef = ForwardRef(key)
+        elif isinstance(key, ForwardRef):
+            fr = key
+        else:
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            new_key = evaluate_forwardref(fr, globalns, localns or None)
+        except exc_to_suppress:  # pragma: no cover
+            continue
+
+        json_encoders[new_key] = json_encoders.pop(key)
+
+
+def get_class(type_: Type[Any]) -> Union[None, bool, Type[Any]]:
+    """
+    Tries to get the class of a Type[T] annotation. Returns True if Type is used
+    without brackets. Otherwise returns None.
+    """
+    if type_ is type:
+        return True
+
+    if get_origin(type_) is None:
+        return None
+
+    args = get_args(type_)
+    if not args or not isinstance(args[0], type):
+        return True
+    else:
+        return args[0]
+
+
+def get_sub_types(tp: Any) -> List[Any]:
+    """
+    Return all the types that are allowed by type `tp`
+    `tp` can be a `Union` of allowed types or an `Annotated` type
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+    if origin is Annotated:
+        return get_sub_types(get_args(tp)[0])
+    elif is_union(origin):
+        return [x for t in get_args(tp) for x in get_sub_types(t)]
+    else:
+        return [tp]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2094e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,807 @@
+import keyword
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict, deque
+from copy import deepcopy
+from itertools import islice, zip_longest
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType, CodeType, FunctionType, GeneratorType, LambdaType, ModuleType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NoReturn,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    NoneType,
+    WithArgsTypes,
+    all_literal_values,
+    display_as_type,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_union,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.version import version_info
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import Dataclass
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AbstractSetIntStr, DictIntStrAny, IntStr, MappingIntStrAny, ReprArgs
+
+    RichReprResult = Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[Any], Tuple[str, Any], Tuple[str, Any, Any]]]
+
+__all__ = (
+    'import_string',
+    'sequence_like',
+    'validate_field_name',
+    'lenient_isinstance',
+    'lenient_issubclass',
+    'in_ipython',
+    'is_valid_identifier',
+    'deep_update',
+    'update_not_none',
+    'almost_equal_floats',
+    'get_model',
+    'to_camel',
+    'to_lower_camel',
+    'is_valid_field',
+    'smart_deepcopy',
+    'PyObjectStr',
+    'Representation',
+    'GetterDict',
+    'ValueItems',
+    'version_info',  # required here to match behaviour in v1.3
+    'ClassAttribute',
+    'path_type',
+    'ROOT_KEY',
+    'get_unique_discriminator_alias',
+    'get_discriminator_alias_and_values',
+    'DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES',
+)
+
+ROOT_KEY = '__root__'
+# these are types that are returned unchanged by deepcopy
+IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES: Set[Type[Any]] = {
+    int,
+    float,
+    complex,
+    str,
+    bool,
+    bytes,
+    type,
+    NoneType,
+    FunctionType,
+    BuiltinFunctionType,
+    LambdaType,
+    weakref.ref,
+    CodeType,
+    # note: including ModuleType will differ from behaviour of deepcopy by not producing error.
+    # It might be not a good idea in general, but considering that this function used only internally
+    # against default values of fields, this will allow to actually have a field with module as default value
+    ModuleType,
+    NotImplemented.__class__,
+    Ellipsis.__class__,
+}
+
+# these are types that if empty, might be copied with simple copy() instead of deepcopy()
+BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS: Set[Type[Any]] = {
+    list,
+    set,
+    tuple,
+    frozenset,
+    dict,
+    OrderedDict,
+    defaultdict,
+    deque,
+}
+
+
+def import_string(dotted_path: str) -> Any:
+    """
+    Stolen approximately from django. Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
+    last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import fails.
+    """
+    from importlib import import_module
+
+    try:
+        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.strip(' ').rsplit('.', 1)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'"{dotted_path}" doesn\'t look like a module path') from e
+
+    module = import_module(module_path)
+    try:
+        return getattr(module, class_name)
+    except AttributeError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'Module "{module_path}" does not define a "{class_name}" attribute') from e
+
+
+def truncate(v: Union[str], *, max_len: int = 80) -> str:
+    """
+    Truncate a value and add a unicode ellipsis (three dots) to the end if it was too long
+    """
+    warnings.warn('`truncate` is no-longer used by pydantic and is deprecated', DeprecationWarning)
+    if isinstance(v, str) and len(v) > (max_len - 2):
+        # -3 so quote + string + … + quote has correct length
+        return (v[: (max_len - 3)] + '…').__repr__()
+    try:
+        v = v.__repr__()
+    except TypeError:
+        v = v.__class__.__repr__(v)  # in case v is a type
+    if len(v) > max_len:
+        v = v[: max_len - 1] + '…'
+    return v
+
+
+def sequence_like(v: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(v, (list, tuple, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, deque))
+
+
+def validate_field_name(bases: Iterable[Type[Any]], field_name: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure that the field's name does not shadow an existing attribute of the model.
+    """
+    for base in bases:
+        if getattr(base, field_name, None):
+            raise NameError(
+                f'Field name "{field_name}" shadows a BaseModel attribute; '
+                f'use a different field name with "alias=\'{field_name}\'".'
+            )
+
+
+def lenient_isinstance(o: Any, class_or_tuple: Union[Type[Any], Tuple[Type[Any], ...], None]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(o, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def lenient_issubclass(cls: Any, class_or_tuple: Union[Type[Any], Tuple[Type[Any], ...], None]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+        if isinstance(cls, WithArgsTypes):
+            return False
+        raise  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def in_ipython() -> bool:
+    """
+    Check whether we're in an ipython environment, including jupyter notebooks.
+    """
+    try:
+        eval('__IPYTHON__')
+    except NameError:
+        return False
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        return True
+
+
+def is_valid_identifier(identifier: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Checks that a string is a valid identifier and not a Python keyword.
+    :param identifier: The identifier to test.
+    :return: True if the identifier is valid.
+    """
+    return identifier.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(identifier)
+
+
+KeyType = TypeVar('KeyType')
+
+
+def deep_update(mapping: Dict[KeyType, Any], *updating_mappings: Dict[KeyType, Any]) -> Dict[KeyType, Any]:
+    updated_mapping = mapping.copy()
+    for updating_mapping in updating_mappings:
+        for k, v in updating_mapping.items():
+            if k in updated_mapping and isinstance(updated_mapping[k], dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
+                updated_mapping[k] = deep_update(updated_mapping[k], v)
+            else:
+                updated_mapping[k] = v
+    return updated_mapping
+
+
+def update_not_none(mapping: Dict[Any, Any], **update: Any) -> None:
+    mapping.update({k: v for k, v in update.items() if v is not None})
+
+
+def almost_equal_floats(value_1: float, value_2: float, *, delta: float = 1e-8) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if two floats are almost equal
+    """
+    return abs(value_1 - value_2) <= delta
+
+
+def generate_model_signature(
+    init: Callable[..., None], fields: Dict[str, 'ModelField'], config: Type['BaseConfig']
+) -> 'Signature':
+    """
+    Generate signature for model based on its fields
+    """
+    from inspect import Parameter, Signature, signature
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import Extra
+
+    present_params = signature(init).parameters.values()
+    merged_params: Dict[str, Parameter] = {}
+    var_kw = None
+    use_var_kw = False
+
+    for param in islice(present_params, 1, None):  # skip self arg
+        if param.kind is param.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            var_kw = param
+            continue
+        merged_params[param.name] = param
+
+    if var_kw:  # if custom init has no var_kw, fields which are not declared in it cannot be passed through
+        allow_names = config.allow_population_by_field_name
+        for field_name, field in fields.items():
+            param_name = field.alias
+            if field_name in merged_params or param_name in merged_params:
+                continue
+            elif not is_valid_identifier(param_name):
+                if allow_names and is_valid_identifier(field_name):
+                    param_name = field_name
+                else:
+                    use_var_kw = True
+                    continue
+
+            # TODO: replace annotation with actual expected types once #1055 solved
+            kwargs = {'default': field.default} if not field.required else {}
+            merged_params[param_name] = Parameter(
+                param_name, Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, annotation=field.annotation, **kwargs
+            )
+
+    if config.extra is Extra.allow:
+        use_var_kw = True
+
+    if var_kw and use_var_kw:
+        # Make sure the parameter for extra kwargs
+        # does not have the same name as a field
+        default_model_signature = [
+            ('__pydantic_self__', Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD),
+            ('data', Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD),
+        ]
+        if [(p.name, p.kind) for p in present_params] == default_model_signature:
+            # if this is the standard model signature, use extra_data as the extra args name
+            var_kw_name = 'extra_data'
+        else:
+            # else start from var_kw
+            var_kw_name = var_kw.name
+
+        # generate a name that's definitely unique
+        while var_kw_name in fields:
+            var_kw_name += '_'
+        merged_params[var_kw_name] = var_kw.replace(name=var_kw_name)
+
+    return Signature(parameters=list(merged_params.values()), return_annotation=None)
+
+
+def get_model(obj: Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type['Dataclass']]) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    try:
+        model_cls = obj.__pydantic_model__  # type: ignore
+    except AttributeError:
+        model_cls = obj
+
+    if not issubclass(model_cls, BaseModel):
+        raise TypeError('Unsupported type, must be either BaseModel or dataclass')
+    return model_cls
+
+
+def to_camel(string: str) -> str:
+    return ''.join(word.capitalize() for word in string.split('_'))
+
+
+def to_lower_camel(string: str) -> str:
+    if len(string) >= 1:
+        pascal_string = to_camel(string)
+        return pascal_string[0].lower() + pascal_string[1:]
+    return string.lower()
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def unique_list(
+    input_list: Union[List[T], Tuple[T, ...]],
+    *,
+    name_factory: Callable[[T], str] = str,
+) -> List[T]:
+    """
+    Make a list unique while maintaining order.
+    We update the list if another one with the same name is set
+    (e.g. root validator overridden in subclass)
+    """
+    result: List[T] = []
+    result_names: List[str] = []
+    for v in input_list:
+        v_name = name_factory(v)
+        if v_name not in result_names:
+            result_names.append(v_name)
+            result.append(v)
+        else:
+            result[result_names.index(v_name)] = v
+
+    return result
+
+
+class PyObjectStr(str):
+    """
+    String class where repr doesn't include quotes. Useful with Representation when you want to return a string
+    representation of something that valid (or pseudo-valid) python.
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Representation:
+    """
+    Mixin to provide __str__, __repr__, and __pretty__ methods. See #884 for more details.
+
+    __pretty__ is used by [devtools](https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to provide human readable representations
+    of objects.
+    """
+
+    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = tuple()
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        """
+        Returns the attributes to show in __str__, __repr__, and __pretty__ this is generally overridden.
+
+        Can either return:
+        * name - value pairs, e.g.: `[('foo_name', 'foo'), ('bar_name', ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        * or, just values, e.g.: `[(None, 'foo'), (None, ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        """
+        attrs = ((s, getattr(self, s)) for s in self.__slots__)
+        return [(a, v) for a, v in attrs if v is not None]
+
+    def __repr_name__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Name of the instance's class, used in __repr__.
+        """
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def __repr_str__(self, join_str: str) -> str:
+        return join_str.join(repr(v) if a is None else f'{a}={v!r}' for a, v in self.__repr_args__())
+
+    def __pretty__(self, fmt: Callable[[Any], Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        """
+        Used by devtools (https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to provide a human readable representations of objects
+        """
+        yield self.__repr_name__() + '('
+        yield 1
+        for name, value in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is not None:
+                yield name + '='
+            yield fmt(value)
+            yield ','
+            yield 0
+        yield -1
+        yield ')'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__repr_str__(' ')
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> 'RichReprResult':
+        """Get fields for Rich library"""
+        for name, field_repr in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is None:
+                yield field_repr
+            else:
+                yield name, field_repr
+
+
+class GetterDict(Representation):
+    """
+    Hack to make object's smell just enough like dicts for validate_model.
+
+    We can't inherit from Mapping[str, Any] because it upsets cython so we have to implement all methods ourselves.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ('_obj',)
+
+    def __init__(self, obj: Any):
+        self._obj = obj
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return getattr(self._obj, key)
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise KeyError(key) from e
+
+    def get(self, key: Any, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self._obj, key, default)
+
+    def extra_keys(self) -> Set[Any]:
+        """
+        We don't want to get any other attributes of obj if the model didn't explicitly ask for them
+        """
+        return set()
+
+    def keys(self) -> List[Any]:
+        """
+        Keys of the pseudo dictionary, uses a list not set so order information can be maintained like python
+        dictionaries.
+        """
+        return list(self)
+
+    def values(self) -> List[Any]:
+        return [self[k] for k in self]
+
+    def items(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Any]]:
+        for k in self:
+            yield k, self.get(k)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        for name in dir(self._obj):
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                yield name
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return sum(1 for _ in self)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        return item in self.keys()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return dict(self) == dict(other.items())
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, dict(self))]
+
+    def __repr_name__(self) -> str:
+        return f'GetterDict[{display_as_type(self._obj)}]'
+
+
+class ValueItems(Representation):
+    """
+    Class for more convenient calculation of excluded or included fields on values.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ('_items', '_type')
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Any, items: Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']) -> None:
+        items = self._coerce_items(items)
+
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            items = self._normalize_indexes(items, len(value))
+
+        self._items: 'MappingIntStrAny' = items
+
+    def is_excluded(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if item is fully excluded.
+
+        :param item: key or index of a value
+        """
+        return self.is_true(self._items.get(item))
+
+    def is_included(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if value is contained in self._items
+
+        :param item: key or index of value
+        """
+        return item in self._items
+
+    def for_element(self, e: 'IntStr') -> Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']]:
+        """
+        :param e: key or index of element on value
+        :return: raw values for element if self._items is dict and contain needed element
+        """
+
+        item = self._items.get(e)
+        return item if not self.is_true(item) else None
+
+    def _normalize_indexes(self, items: 'MappingIntStrAny', v_length: int) -> 'DictIntStrAny':
+        """
+        :param items: dict or set of indexes which will be normalized
+        :param v_length: length of sequence indexes of which will be
+
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({0: True, -2: True, -1: True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({'__all__': True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 1: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        """
+
+        normalized_items: 'DictIntStrAny' = {}
+        all_items = None
+        for i, v in items.items():
+            if not (isinstance(v, Mapping) or isinstance(v, AbstractSet) or self.is_true(v)):
+                raise TypeError(f'Unexpected type of exclude value for index "{i}" {v.__class__}')
+            if i == '__all__':
+                all_items = self._coerce_value(v)
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(i, int):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    'Excluding fields from a sequence of sub-models or dicts must be performed index-wise: '
+                    'expected integer keys or keyword "__all__"'
+                )
+            normalized_i = v_length + i if i < 0 else i
+            normalized_items[normalized_i] = self.merge(v, normalized_items.get(normalized_i))
+
+        if not all_items:
+            return normalized_items
+        if self.is_true(all_items):
+            for i in range(v_length):
+                normalized_items.setdefault(i, ...)
+            return normalized_items
+        for i in range(v_length):
+            normalized_item = normalized_items.setdefault(i, {})
+            if not self.is_true(normalized_item):
+                normalized_items[i] = self.merge(all_items, normalized_item)
+        return normalized_items
+
+    @classmethod
+    def merge(cls, base: Any, override: Any, intersect: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """
+        Merge a ``base`` item with an ``override`` item.
+
+        Both ``base`` and ``override`` are converted to dictionaries if possible.
+        Sets are converted to dictionaries with the sets entries as keys and
+        Ellipsis as values.
+
+        Each key-value pair existing in ``base`` is merged with ``override``,
+        while the rest of the key-value pairs are updated recursively with this function.
+
+        Merging takes place based on the "union" of keys if ``intersect`` is
+        set to ``False`` (default) and on the intersection of keys if
+        ``intersect`` is set to ``True``.
+        """
+        override = cls._coerce_value(override)
+        base = cls._coerce_value(base)
+        if override is None:
+            return base
+        if cls.is_true(base) or base is None:
+            return override
+        if cls.is_true(override):
+            return base if intersect else override
+
+        # intersection or union of keys while preserving ordering:
+        if intersect:
+            merge_keys = [k for k in base if k in override] + [k for k in override if k in base]
+        else:
+            merge_keys = list(base) + [k for k in override if k not in base]
+
+        merged: 'DictIntStrAny' = {}
+        for k in merge_keys:
+            merged_item = cls.merge(base.get(k), override.get(k), intersect=intersect)
+            if merged_item is not None:
+                merged[k] = merged_item
+
+        return merged
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _coerce_items(items: Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']) -> 'MappingIntStrAny':
+        if isinstance(items, Mapping):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(items, AbstractSet):
+            items = dict.fromkeys(items, ...)
+        else:
+            class_name = getattr(items, '__class__', '???')
+            assert_never(
+                items,
+                f'Unexpected type of exclude value {class_name}',
+            )
+        return items
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _coerce_value(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+        if value is None or cls.is_true(value):
+            return value
+        return cls._coerce_items(value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_true(v: Any) -> bool:
+        return v is True or v is ...
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, self._items)]
+
+
+class ClassAttribute:
+    """
+    Hide class attribute from its instances
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'name',
+        'value',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: Any, owner: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        if instance is None:
+            return self.value
+        raise AttributeError(f'{self.name!r} attribute of {owner.__name__!r} is class-only')
+
+
+path_types = {
+    'is_dir': 'directory',
+    'is_file': 'file',
+    'is_mount': 'mount point',
+    'is_symlink': 'symlink',
+    'is_block_device': 'block device',
+    'is_char_device': 'char device',
+    'is_fifo': 'FIFO',
+    'is_socket': 'socket',
+}
+
+
+def path_type(p: 'Path') -> str:
+    """
+    Find out what sort of thing a path is.
+    """
+    assert p.exists(), 'path does not exist'
+    for method, name in path_types.items():
+        if getattr(p, method)():
+            return name
+
+    return 'unknown'
+
+
+Obj = TypeVar('Obj')
+
+
+def smart_deepcopy(obj: Obj) -> Obj:
+    """
+    Return type as is for immutable built-in types
+    Use obj.copy() for built-in empty collections
+    Use copy.deepcopy() for non-empty collections and unknown objects
+    """
+
+    obj_type = obj.__class__
+    if obj_type in IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES:
+        return obj  # fastest case: obj is immutable and not collection therefore will not be copied anyway
+    try:
+        if not obj and obj_type in BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS:
+            # faster way for empty collections, no need to copy its members
+            return obj if obj_type is tuple else obj.copy()  # type: ignore  # tuple doesn't have copy method
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
+        # do we really dare to catch ALL errors? Seems a bit risky
+        pass
+
+    return deepcopy(obj)  # slowest way when we actually might need a deepcopy
+
+
+def is_valid_field(name: str) -> bool:
+    if not name.startswith('_'):
+        return True
+    return ROOT_KEY == name
+
+
+DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES = {
+    '__annotations__',
+    '__classcell__',
+    '__doc__',
+    '__module__',
+    '__orig_bases__',
+    '__orig_class__',
+    '__qualname__',
+    '__firstlineno__',
+    '__static_attributes__',
+    '__classdictcell__',
+}
+
+
+def is_valid_private_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return not is_valid_field(name) and name not in DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES
+
+
+_EMPTY = object()
+
+
+def all_identical(left: Iterable[Any], right: Iterable[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check that the items of `left` are the same objects as those in `right`.
+
+    >>> a, b = object(), object()
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, a], [a, b, a])
+    True
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, [a]], [a, b, [a]])  # new list object, while "equal" is not "identical"
+    False
+    """
+    for left_item, right_item in zip_longest(left, right, fillvalue=_EMPTY):
+        if left_item is not right_item:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def assert_never(obj: NoReturn, msg: str) -> NoReturn:
+    """
+    Helper to make sure that we have covered all possible types.
+
+    This is mostly useful for ``mypy``, docs:
+    https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/literal_types.html#exhaustive-checks
+    """
+    raise TypeError(msg)
+
+
+def get_unique_discriminator_alias(all_aliases: Collection[str], discriminator_key: str) -> str:
+    """Validate that all aliases are the same and if that's the case return the alias"""
+    unique_aliases = set(all_aliases)
+    if len(unique_aliases) > 1:
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Aliases for discriminator {discriminator_key!r} must be the same (got {", ".join(sorted(all_aliases))})'
+        )
+    return unique_aliases.pop()
+
+
+def get_discriminator_alias_and_values(tp: Any, discriminator_key: str) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[str, ...]]:
+    """
+    Get alias and all valid values in the `Literal` type of the discriminator field
+    `tp` can be a `BaseModel` class or directly an `Annotated` `Union` of many.
+    """
+    is_root_model = getattr(tp, '__custom_root_type__', False)
+
+    if get_origin(tp) is Annotated:
+        tp = get_args(tp)[0]
+
+    if hasattr(tp, '__pydantic_model__'):
+        tp = tp.__pydantic_model__
+
+    if is_union(get_origin(tp)):
+        alias, all_values = _get_union_alias_and_all_values(tp, discriminator_key)
+        return alias, tuple(v for values in all_values for v in values)
+    elif is_root_model:
+        union_type = tp.__fields__[ROOT_KEY].type_
+        alias, all_values = _get_union_alias_and_all_values(union_type, discriminator_key)
+
+        if len(set(all_values)) > 1:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'Field {discriminator_key!r} is not the same for all submodels of {display_as_type(tp)!r}'
+            )
+
+        return alias, all_values[0]
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            t_discriminator_type = tp.__fields__[discriminator_key].type_
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(f'Type {tp.__name__!r} is not a valid `BaseModel` or `dataclass`') from e
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ConfigError(f'Model {tp.__name__!r} needs a discriminator field for key {discriminator_key!r}') from e
+
+        if not is_literal_type(t_discriminator_type):
+            raise ConfigError(f'Field {discriminator_key!r} of model {tp.__name__!r} needs to be a `Literal`')
+
+        return tp.__fields__[discriminator_key].alias, all_literal_values(t_discriminator_type)
+
+
+def _get_union_alias_and_all_values(
+    union_type: Type[Any], discriminator_key: str
+) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Tuple[str, ...], ...]]:
+    zipped_aliases_values = [get_discriminator_alias_and_values(t, discriminator_key) for t in get_args(union_type)]
+    # unzip: [('alias_a',('v1', 'v2)), ('alias_b', ('v3',))] => [('alias_a', 'alias_b'), (('v1', 'v2'), ('v3',))]
+    all_aliases, all_values = zip(*zipped_aliases_values)
+    return get_unique_discriminator_alias(all_aliases, discriminator_key), all_values
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0940e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
+import math
+import re
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from collections.abc import Hashable as CollectionsHashable
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal, DecimalException
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generator,
+    Hashable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+from warnings import warn
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+from pydantic.v1.datetime_parse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_duration, parse_time
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    AnyCallable,
+    all_literal_values,
+    display_as_type,
+    get_class,
+    is_callable_type,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_namedtuple,
+    is_none_type,
+    is_typeddict,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import almost_equal_floats, lenient_issubclass, sequence_like
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ConstrainedDecimal, ConstrainedFloat, ConstrainedInt
+
+    ConstrainedNumber = Union[ConstrainedDecimal, ConstrainedFloat, ConstrainedInt]
+    AnyOrderedDict = OrderedDict[Any, Any]
+    Number = Union[int, float, Decimal]
+    StrBytes = Union[str, bytes]
+
+
+def str_validator(v: Any) -> Union[str]:
+    if isinstance(v, str):
+        if isinstance(v, Enum):
+            return v.value
+        else:
+            return v
+    elif isinstance(v, (float, int, Decimal)):
+        # is there anything else we want to add here? If you think so, create an issue.
+        return str(v)
+    elif isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        return v.decode()
+    else:
+        raise errors.StrError()
+
+
+def strict_str_validator(v: Any) -> Union[str]:
+    if isinstance(v, str) and not isinstance(v, Enum):
+        return v
+    raise errors.StrError()
+
+
+def bytes_validator(v: Any) -> Union[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        return v
+    elif isinstance(v, bytearray):
+        return bytes(v)
+    elif isinstance(v, str):
+        return v.encode()
+    elif isinstance(v, (float, int, Decimal)):
+        return str(v).encode()
+    else:
+        raise errors.BytesError()
+
+
+def strict_bytes_validator(v: Any) -> Union[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        return v
+    elif isinstance(v, bytearray):
+        return bytes(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.BytesError()
+
+
+BOOL_FALSE = {0, '0', 'off', 'f', 'false', 'n', 'no'}
+BOOL_TRUE = {1, '1', 'on', 't', 'true', 'y', 'yes'}
+
+
+def bool_validator(v: Any) -> bool:
+    if v is True or v is False:
+        return v
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        v = v.decode()
+    if isinstance(v, str):
+        v = v.lower()
+    try:
+        if v in BOOL_TRUE:
+            return True
+        if v in BOOL_FALSE:
+            return False
+    except TypeError:
+        raise errors.BoolError()
+    raise errors.BoolError()
+
+
+# matches the default limit cpython, see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/96500
+max_str_int = 4_300
+
+
+def int_validator(v: Any) -> int:
+    if isinstance(v, int) and not (v is True or v is False):
+        return v
+
+    # see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/1477 and in turn, https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/95778
+    # this check should be unnecessary once patch releases are out for 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10
+    # but better to check here until then.
+    # NOTICE: this does not fully protect user from the DOS risk since the standard library JSON implementation
+    # (and other std lib modules like xml) use `int()` and are likely called before this, the best workaround is to
+    # 1. update to the latest patch release of python once released, 2. use a different JSON library like ujson
+    if isinstance(v, (str, bytes, bytearray)) and len(v) > max_str_int:
+        raise errors.IntegerError()
+
+    try:
+        return int(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError):
+        raise errors.IntegerError()
+
+
+def strict_int_validator(v: Any) -> int:
+    if isinstance(v, int) and not (v is True or v is False):
+        return v
+    raise errors.IntegerError()
+
+
+def float_validator(v: Any) -> float:
+    if isinstance(v, float):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return float(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise errors.FloatError()
+
+
+def strict_float_validator(v: Any) -> float:
+    if isinstance(v, float):
+        return v
+    raise errors.FloatError()
+
+
+def float_finite_validator(v: 'Number', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'Number':
+    allow_inf_nan = getattr(field.type_, 'allow_inf_nan', None)
+    if allow_inf_nan is None:
+        allow_inf_nan = config.allow_inf_nan
+
+    if allow_inf_nan is False and (math.isnan(v) or math.isinf(v)):
+        raise errors.NumberNotFiniteError()
+    return v
+
+
+def number_multiple_validator(v: 'Number', field: 'ModelField') -> 'Number':
+    field_type: ConstrainedNumber = field.type_
+    if field_type.multiple_of is not None:
+        mod = float(v) / float(field_type.multiple_of) % 1
+        if not almost_equal_floats(mod, 0.0) and not almost_equal_floats(mod, 1.0):
+            raise errors.NumberNotMultipleError(multiple_of=field_type.multiple_of)
+    return v
+
+
+def number_size_validator(v: 'Number', field: 'ModelField') -> 'Number':
+    field_type: ConstrainedNumber = field.type_
+    if field_type.gt is not None and not v > field_type.gt:
+        raise errors.NumberNotGtError(limit_value=field_type.gt)
+    elif field_type.ge is not None and not v >= field_type.ge:
+        raise errors.NumberNotGeError(limit_value=field_type.ge)
+
+    if field_type.lt is not None and not v < field_type.lt:
+        raise errors.NumberNotLtError(limit_value=field_type.lt)
+    if field_type.le is not None and not v <= field_type.le:
+        raise errors.NumberNotLeError(limit_value=field_type.le)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constant_validator(v: 'Any', field: 'ModelField') -> 'Any':
+    """Validate ``const`` fields.
+
+    The value provided for a ``const`` field must be equal to the default value
+    of the field. This is to support the keyword of the same name in JSON
+    Schema.
+    """
+    if v != field.default:
+        raise errors.WrongConstantError(given=v, permitted=[field.default])
+
+    return v
+
+
+def anystr_length_validator(v: 'StrBytes', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    v_len = len(v)
+
+    min_length = config.min_anystr_length
+    if v_len < min_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMinLengthError(limit_value=min_length)
+
+    max_length = config.max_anystr_length
+    if max_length is not None and v_len > max_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMaxLengthError(limit_value=max_length)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def anystr_strip_whitespace(v: 'StrBytes') -> 'StrBytes':
+    return v.strip()
+
+
+def anystr_upper(v: 'StrBytes') -> 'StrBytes':
+    return v.upper()
+
+
+def anystr_lower(v: 'StrBytes') -> 'StrBytes':
+    return v.lower()
+
+
+def ordered_dict_validator(v: Any) -> 'AnyOrderedDict':
+    if isinstance(v, OrderedDict):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return OrderedDict(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise errors.DictError()
+
+
+def dict_validator(v: Any) -> Dict[Any, Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return dict(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise errors.DictError()
+
+
+def list_validator(v: Any) -> List[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, list):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return list(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.ListError()
+
+
+def tuple_validator(v: Any) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+    if isinstance(v, tuple):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return tuple(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.TupleError()
+
+
+def set_validator(v: Any) -> Set[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, set):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return set(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.SetError()
+
+
+def frozenset_validator(v: Any) -> FrozenSet[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, frozenset):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return frozenset(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.FrozenSetError()
+
+
+def deque_validator(v: Any) -> Deque[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, deque):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return deque(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.DequeError()
+
+
+def enum_member_validator(v: Any, field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> Enum:
+    try:
+        enum_v = field.type_(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        # field.type_ should be an enum, so will be iterable
+        raise errors.EnumMemberError(enum_values=list(field.type_))
+    return enum_v.value if config.use_enum_values else enum_v
+
+
+def uuid_validator(v: Any, field: 'ModelField') -> UUID:
+    try:
+        if isinstance(v, str):
+            v = UUID(v)
+        elif isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            try:
+                v = UUID(v.decode())
+            except ValueError:
+                # 16 bytes in big-endian order as the bytes argument fail
+                # the above check
+                v = UUID(bytes=v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.UUIDError()
+
+    if not isinstance(v, UUID):
+        raise errors.UUIDError()
+
+    required_version = getattr(field.type_, '_required_version', None)
+    if required_version and v.version != required_version:
+        raise errors.UUIDVersionError(required_version=required_version)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def decimal_validator(v: Any) -> Decimal:
+    if isinstance(v, Decimal):
+        return v
+    elif isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        v = v.decode()
+
+    v = str(v).strip()
+
+    try:
+        v = Decimal(v)
+    except DecimalException:
+        raise errors.DecimalError()
+
+    if not v.is_finite():
+        raise errors.DecimalIsNotFiniteError()
+
+    return v
+
+
+def hashable_validator(v: Any) -> Hashable:
+    if isinstance(v, Hashable):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.HashableError()
+
+
+def ip_v4_address_validator(v: Any) -> IPv4Address:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv4Address):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Address(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv4AddressError()
+
+
+def ip_v6_address_validator(v: Any) -> IPv6Address:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv6Address):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Address(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv6AddressError()
+
+
+def ip_v4_network_validator(v: Any) -> IPv4Network:
+    """
+    Assume IPv4Network initialised with a default ``strict`` argument
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv4Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, IPv4Network):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Network(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv4NetworkError()
+
+
+def ip_v6_network_validator(v: Any) -> IPv6Network:
+    """
+    Assume IPv6Network initialised with a default ``strict`` argument
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv6Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, IPv6Network):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Network(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv6NetworkError()
+
+
+def ip_v4_interface_validator(v: Any) -> IPv4Interface:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv4Interface):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Interface(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv4InterfaceError()
+
+
+def ip_v6_interface_validator(v: Any) -> IPv6Interface:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv6Interface):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Interface(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv6InterfaceError()
+
+
+def path_validator(v: Any) -> Path:
+    if isinstance(v, Path):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return Path(v)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise errors.PathError()
+
+
+def path_exists_validator(v: Any) -> Path:
+    if not v.exists():
+        raise errors.PathNotExistsError(path=v)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def callable_validator(v: Any) -> AnyCallable:
+    """
+    Perform a simple check if the value is callable.
+
+    Note: complete matching of argument type hints and return types is not performed
+    """
+    if callable(v):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.CallableError(value=v)
+
+
+def enum_validator(v: Any) -> Enum:
+    if isinstance(v, Enum):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.EnumError(value=v)
+
+
+def int_enum_validator(v: Any) -> IntEnum:
+    if isinstance(v, IntEnum):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.IntEnumError(value=v)
+
+
+def make_literal_validator(type_: Any) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    permitted_choices = all_literal_values(type_)
+
+    # To have a O(1) complexity and still return one of the values set inside the `Literal`,
+    # we create a dict with the set values (a set causes some problems with the way intersection works).
+    # In some cases the set value and checked value can indeed be different (see `test_literal_validator_str_enum`)
+    allowed_choices = {v: v for v in permitted_choices}
+
+    def literal_validator(v: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return allowed_choices[v]
+        except (KeyError, TypeError):
+            raise errors.WrongConstantError(given=v, permitted=permitted_choices)
+
+    return literal_validator
+
+
+def constr_length_validator(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    v_len = len(v)
+
+    min_length = field.type_.min_length if field.type_.min_length is not None else config.min_anystr_length
+    if v_len < min_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMinLengthError(limit_value=min_length)
+
+    max_length = field.type_.max_length if field.type_.max_length is not None else config.max_anystr_length
+    if max_length is not None and v_len > max_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMaxLengthError(limit_value=max_length)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constr_strip_whitespace(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    strip_whitespace = field.type_.strip_whitespace or config.anystr_strip_whitespace
+    if strip_whitespace:
+        v = v.strip()
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constr_upper(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    upper = field.type_.to_upper or config.anystr_upper
+    if upper:
+        v = v.upper()
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constr_lower(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    lower = field.type_.to_lower or config.anystr_lower
+    if lower:
+        v = v.lower()
+    return v
+
+
+def validate_json(v: Any, config: 'BaseConfig') -> Any:
+    if v is None:
+        # pass None through to other validators
+        return v
+    try:
+        return config.json_loads(v)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.JsonError()
+    except TypeError:
+        raise errors.JsonTypeError()
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def make_arbitrary_type_validator(type_: Type[T]) -> Callable[[T], T]:
+    def arbitrary_type_validator(v: Any) -> T:
+        if isinstance(v, type_):
+            return v
+        raise errors.ArbitraryTypeError(expected_arbitrary_type=type_)
+
+    return arbitrary_type_validator
+
+
+def make_class_validator(type_: Type[T]) -> Callable[[Any], Type[T]]:
+    def class_validator(v: Any) -> Type[T]:
+        if lenient_issubclass(v, type_):
+            return v
+        raise errors.SubclassError(expected_class=type_)
+
+    return class_validator
+
+
+def any_class_validator(v: Any) -> Type[T]:
+    if isinstance(v, type):
+        return v
+    raise errors.ClassError()
+
+
+def none_validator(v: Any) -> 'Literal[None]':
+    if v is None:
+        return v
+    raise errors.NotNoneError()
+
+
+def pattern_validator(v: Any) -> Pattern[str]:
+    if isinstance(v, Pattern):
+        return v
+
+    str_value = str_validator(v)
+
+    try:
+        return re.compile(str_value)
+    except re.error:
+        raise errors.PatternError()
+
+
+NamedTupleT = TypeVar('NamedTupleT', bound=NamedTuple)
+
+
+def make_namedtuple_validator(
+    namedtuple_cls: Type[NamedTupleT], config: Type['BaseConfig']
+) -> Callable[[Tuple[Any, ...]], NamedTupleT]:
+    from pydantic.v1.annotated_types import create_model_from_namedtuple
+
+    NamedTupleModel = create_model_from_namedtuple(
+        namedtuple_cls,
+        __config__=config,
+        __module__=namedtuple_cls.__module__,
+    )
+    namedtuple_cls.__pydantic_model__ = NamedTupleModel  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def namedtuple_validator(values: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> NamedTupleT:
+        annotations = NamedTupleModel.__annotations__
+
+        if len(values) > len(annotations):
+            raise errors.ListMaxLengthError(limit_value=len(annotations))
+
+        dict_values: Dict[str, Any] = dict(zip(annotations, values))
+        validated_dict_values: Dict[str, Any] = dict(NamedTupleModel(**dict_values))
+        return namedtuple_cls(**validated_dict_values)
+
+    return namedtuple_validator
+
+
+def make_typeddict_validator(
+    typeddict_cls: Type['TypedDict'], config: Type['BaseConfig']  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+) -> Callable[[Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
+    from pydantic.v1.annotated_types import create_model_from_typeddict
+
+    TypedDictModel = create_model_from_typeddict(
+        typeddict_cls,
+        __config__=config,
+        __module__=typeddict_cls.__module__,
+    )
+    typeddict_cls.__pydantic_model__ = TypedDictModel  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def typeddict_validator(values: 'TypedDict') -> Dict[str, Any]:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        return TypedDictModel.parse_obj(values).dict(exclude_unset=True)
+
+    return typeddict_validator
+
+
+class IfConfig:
+    def __init__(self, validator: AnyCallable, *config_attr_names: str, ignored_value: Any = False) -> None:
+        self.validator = validator
+        self.config_attr_names = config_attr_names
+        self.ignored_value = ignored_value
+
+    def check(self, config: Type['BaseConfig']) -> bool:
+        return any(getattr(config, name) not in {None, self.ignored_value} for name in self.config_attr_names)
+
+
+# order is important here, for example: bool is a subclass of int so has to come first, datetime before date same,
+# IPv4Interface before IPv4Address, etc
+_VALIDATORS: List[Tuple[Type[Any], List[Any]]] = [
+    (IntEnum, [int_validator, enum_member_validator]),
+    (Enum, [enum_member_validator]),
+    (
+        str,
+        [
+            str_validator,
+            IfConfig(anystr_strip_whitespace, 'anystr_strip_whitespace'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_upper, 'anystr_upper'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_lower, 'anystr_lower'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_length_validator, 'min_anystr_length', 'max_anystr_length'),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        bytes,
+        [
+            bytes_validator,
+            IfConfig(anystr_strip_whitespace, 'anystr_strip_whitespace'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_upper, 'anystr_upper'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_lower, 'anystr_lower'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_length_validator, 'min_anystr_length', 'max_anystr_length'),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (bool, [bool_validator]),
+    (int, [int_validator]),
+    (float, [float_validator, IfConfig(float_finite_validator, 'allow_inf_nan', ignored_value=True)]),
+    (Path, [path_validator]),
+    (datetime, [parse_datetime]),
+    (date, [parse_date]),
+    (time, [parse_time]),
+    (timedelta, [parse_duration]),
+    (OrderedDict, [ordered_dict_validator]),
+    (dict, [dict_validator]),
+    (list, [list_validator]),
+    (tuple, [tuple_validator]),
+    (set, [set_validator]),
+    (frozenset, [frozenset_validator]),
+    (deque, [deque_validator]),
+    (UUID, [uuid_validator]),
+    (Decimal, [decimal_validator]),
+    (IPv4Interface, [ip_v4_interface_validator]),
+    (IPv6Interface, [ip_v6_interface_validator]),
+    (IPv4Address, [ip_v4_address_validator]),
+    (IPv6Address, [ip_v6_address_validator]),
+    (IPv4Network, [ip_v4_network_validator]),
+    (IPv6Network, [ip_v6_network_validator]),
+]
+
+
+def find_validators(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    type_: Type[Any], config: Type['BaseConfig']
+) -> Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]:
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import is_builtin_dataclass, make_dataclass_validator
+
+    if type_ is Any or type_ is object:
+        return
+    type_type = type_.__class__
+    if type_type == ForwardRef or type_type == TypeVar:
+        return
+
+    if is_none_type(type_):
+        yield none_validator
+        return
+    if type_ is Pattern or type_ is re.Pattern:
+        yield pattern_validator
+        return
+    if type_ is Hashable or type_ is CollectionsHashable:
+        yield hashable_validator
+        return
+    if is_callable_type(type_):
+        yield callable_validator
+        return
+    if is_literal_type(type_):
+        yield make_literal_validator(type_)
+        return
+    if is_builtin_dataclass(type_):
+        yield from make_dataclass_validator(type_, config)
+        return
+    if type_ is Enum:
+        yield enum_validator
+        return
+    if type_ is IntEnum:
+        yield int_enum_validator
+        return
+    if is_namedtuple(type_):
+        yield tuple_validator
+        yield make_namedtuple_validator(type_, config)
+        return
+    if is_typeddict(type_):
+        yield make_typeddict_validator(type_, config)
+        return
+
+    class_ = get_class(type_)
+    if class_ is not None:
+        if class_ is not Any and isinstance(class_, type):
+            yield make_class_validator(class_)
+        else:
+            yield any_class_validator
+        return
+
+    for val_type, validators in _VALIDATORS:
+        try:
+            if issubclass(type_, val_type):
+                for v in validators:
+                    if isinstance(v, IfConfig):
+                        if v.check(config):
+                            yield v.validator
+                    else:
+                        yield v
+                return
+        except TypeError:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'error checking inheritance of {type_!r} (type: {display_as_type(type_)})')
+
+    if config.arbitrary_types_allowed:
+        yield make_arbitrary_type_validator(type_)
+    else:
+        if hasattr(type_, '__pydantic_core_schema__'):
+            warn(f'Mixing V1 and V2 models is not supported. `{type_.__name__}` is a V2 model.', UserWarning)
+        raise RuntimeError(f'no validator found for {type_}, see `arbitrary_types_allowed` in Config')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ba1cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+__all__ = 'compiled', 'VERSION', 'version_info'
+
+VERSION = '1.10.26'
+
+try:
+    import cython  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    compiled: bool = False
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        compiled = cython.compiled
+    except AttributeError:
+        compiled = False
+
+
+def version_info() -> str:
+    import platform
+    import sys
+    from importlib import import_module
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    optional_deps = []
+    for p in ('devtools', 'dotenv', 'email-validator', 'typing-extensions'):
+        try:
+            import_module(p.replace('-', '_'))
+        except ImportError:
+            continue
+        optional_deps.append(p)
+
+    info = {
+        'pydantic version': VERSION,
+        'pydantic compiled': compiled,
+        'install path': Path(__file__).resolve().parent,
+        'python version': sys.version,
+        'platform': platform.platform(),
+        'optional deps. installed': optional_deps,
+    }
+    return '\n'.join('{:>30} {}'.format(k + ':', str(v).replace('\n', ' ')) for k, v in info.items())
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validate_call_decorator.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validate_call_decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bc8991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validate_call_decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Decorator for validating function calls."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import inspect
+from functools import partial
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, cast, overload
+
+from ._internal import _generate_schema, _typing_extra, _validate_call
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+
+__all__ = ('validate_call',)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .config import ConfigDict
+
+    AnyCallableT = TypeVar('AnyCallableT', bound=Callable[..., Any])
+
+
+_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE = 'validate-call-type'
+
+
+def _check_function_type(function: object) -> None:
+    """Check if the input function is a supported type for `validate_call`."""
+    if isinstance(function, _generate_schema.VALIDATE_CALL_SUPPORTED_TYPES):
+        try:
+            _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(cast(_generate_schema.ValidateCallSupportedTypes, function))
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f"Input function `{function}` doesn't have a valid signature", code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(function, partial):
+            try:
+                assert not isinstance(partial.func, partial), 'Partial of partial'
+                _check_function_type(function.func)
+            except PydanticUserError as e:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Partial of `{function.func}` is invalid because the type of `{function.func}` is not supported by `validate_call`',
+                    code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+                ) from e
+
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(function, BuiltinFunctionType):
+        raise PydanticUserError(f'Input built-in function `{function}` is not supported', code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE)
+    if isinstance(function, (classmethod, staticmethod, property)):
+        name = type(function).__name__
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'The `@{name}` decorator should be applied after `@validate_call` (put `@{name}` on top)',
+            code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+        )
+
+    if inspect.isclass(function):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unable to validate {function}: `validate_call` should be applied to functions, not classes (put `@validate_call` on top of `__init__` or `__new__` instead)',
+            code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+        )
+    if callable(function):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unable to validate {function}: `validate_call` should be applied to functions, not instances or other callables. Use `validate_call` explicitly on `__call__` instead.',
+            code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+        )
+
+    raise PydanticUserError(
+        f'Unable to validate {function}: `validate_call` should be applied to one of the following: function, method, partial, or lambda',
+        code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+    )
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_call(
+    *, config: ConfigDict | None = None, validate_return: bool = False
+) -> Callable[[AnyCallableT], AnyCallableT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_call(func: AnyCallableT, /) -> AnyCallableT: ...
+
+
+def validate_call(
+    func: AnyCallableT | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    config: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    validate_return: bool = False,
+) -> AnyCallableT | Callable[[AnyCallableT], AnyCallableT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Validation Decorator](../concepts/validation_decorator.md)
+
+    Returns a decorated wrapper around the function that validates the arguments and, optionally, the return value.
+
+    Usage may be either as a plain decorator `@validate_call` or with arguments `@validate_call(...)`.
+
+    Args:
+        func: The function to be decorated.
+        config: The configuration dictionary.
+        validate_return: Whether to validate the return value.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decorated function.
+    """
+    parent_namespace = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace()
+
+    def validate(function: AnyCallableT) -> AnyCallableT:
+        _check_function_type(function)
+        validate_call_wrapper = _validate_call.ValidateCallWrapper(
+            cast(_generate_schema.ValidateCallSupportedTypes, function), config, validate_return, parent_namespace
+        )
+        return _validate_call.update_wrapper_attributes(function, validate_call_wrapper.__call__)  # type: ignore
+
+    if func is not None:
+        return validate(func)
+    else:
+        return validate
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validators.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7921b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `validators` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f17ae9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""The `version` module holds the version information for Pydantic."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+
+from pydantic_core import __version__ as __pydantic_core_version__
+
+__all__ = 'VERSION', 'version_info'
+
+VERSION = '2.13.4'
+"""The version of Pydantic.
+
+This version specifier is guaranteed to be compliant with the [specification],
+introduced by [PEP 440].
+
+[specification]: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/version-specifiers/
+[PEP 440]: https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/
+"""
+
+# Keep this in sync with the version constraint in the `pyproject.toml` dependencies:
+_COMPATIBLE_PYDANTIC_CORE_VERSION = '2.46.4'
+
+
+def version_short() -> str:
+    """Return the `major.minor` part of Pydantic version.
+
+    It returns '2.1' if Pydantic version is '2.1.1'.
+    """
+    return '.'.join(VERSION.split('.')[:2])
+
+
+def version_info() -> str:
+    """Return complete version information for Pydantic and its dependencies."""
+    import importlib.metadata
+    import platform
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    import pydantic_core._pydantic_core as pdc
+
+    from ._internal import _git as git
+
+    # get data about packages that are closely related to pydantic, use pydantic or often conflict with pydantic
+    package_names = {
+        'email-validator',
+        'fastapi',
+        'mypy',
+        'pydantic-extra-types',
+        'pydantic-settings',
+        'pyright',
+        'typing_extensions',
+    }
+    related_packages = []
+
+    for dist in importlib.metadata.distributions():
+        name = dist.metadata['Name']
+        if name in package_names:
+            related_packages.append(f'{name}-{dist.version}')
+
+    pydantic_dir = Path(__file__).parents[1].resolve()
+    most_recent_commit = (
+        git.git_revision(pydantic_dir) if git.is_git_repo(pydantic_dir) and git.have_git() else 'unknown'
+    )
+
+    info = {
+        'pydantic version': VERSION,
+        'pydantic-core version': __pydantic_core_version__,
+        'pydantic-core build': getattr(pdc, 'build_info', None) or pdc.build_profile,  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
+        'python version': sys.version,
+        'platform': platform.platform(),
+        'related packages': ' '.join(related_packages),
+        'commit': most_recent_commit,
+    }
+    return '\n'.join('{:>30} {}'.format(k + ':', str(v).replace('\n', ' ')) for k, v in info.items())
+
+
+def check_pydantic_core_version() -> bool:
+    """Check that the installed `pydantic-core` dependency is compatible."""
+    return __pydantic_core_version__ == _COMPATIBLE_PYDANTIC_CORE_VERSION
+
+
+def _ensure_pydantic_core_version() -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    if not check_pydantic_core_version():
+        raise_error = True
+        # Do not raise the error if pydantic is installed in editable mode (i.e. in development):
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # origin property added in 3.13
+            from importlib.metadata import distribution
+
+            dist = distribution('pydantic')
+            if getattr(getattr(dist.origin, 'dir_info', None), 'editable', False):
+                raise_error = False
+
+        if raise_error:
+            raise SystemError(
+                f'The installed pydantic-core version ({__pydantic_core_version__}) is incompatible '
+                f'with the current pydantic version, which requires {_COMPATIBLE_PYDANTIC_CORE_VERSION}. '
+                "If you encounter this error, make sure that you haven't upgraded pydantic-core manually."
+            )
+
+
+def parse_mypy_version(version: str) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """Parse `mypy` string version to a 3-tuple of ints.
+
+    It parses normal version like `1.11.0` and extra info followed by a `+` sign
+    like `1.11.0+dev.d6d9d8cd4f27c52edac1f537e236ec48a01e54cb.dirty`.
+
+    Args:
+        version: The mypy version string.
+
+    Returns:
+        A triple of ints, e.g. `(1, 11, 0)`.
+    """
+    return tuple(map(int, version.partition('+')[0].split('.')))  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/warnings.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/warnings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02323b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/warnings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Pydantic-specific warnings."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from .version import version_short
+
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince20',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince26',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince29',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince210',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince211',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince212',
+    'PydanticDeprecationWarning',
+    'PydanticExperimentalWarning',
+    'ArbitraryTypeWarning',
+    'UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning',
+    'TypedDictExtraConfigWarning',
+)
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):
+    """A Pydantic specific deprecation warning.
+
+    This warning is raised when using deprecated functionality in Pydantic. It provides information on when the
+    deprecation was introduced and the expected version in which the corresponding functionality will be removed.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the warning.
+        since: Pydantic version in what the deprecation was introduced.
+        expected_removal: Pydantic version in what the corresponding functionality expected to be removed.
+    """
+
+    message: str
+    since: tuple[int, int]
+    expected_removal: tuple[int, int]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, message: str, *args: object, since: tuple[int, int], expected_removal: tuple[int, int] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args)
+        self.message = message.rstrip('.')
+        self.since = since
+        self.expected_removal = expected_removal if expected_removal is not None else (since[0] + 1, 0)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        message = (
+            f'{self.message}. Deprecated in Pydantic V{self.since[0]}.{self.since[1]}'
+            f' to be removed in V{self.expected_removal[0]}.{self.expected_removal[1]}.'
+        )
+        if self.since == (2, 0):
+            message += f' See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/migration/'
+        return message
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince20(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.0."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 0), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince26(PydanticDeprecationWarning):  # pragma: no cover
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.6."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 6), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince29(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.9."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 9), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince210(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.10."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 10), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince211(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.11."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 11), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince212(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.12."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 12), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class GenericBeforeBaseModelWarning(Warning):
+    pass
+
+
+class PydanticExperimentalWarning(Warning):
+    """A Pydantic specific experimental functionality warning.
+
+    It is raised to warn users that the functionality may change or be removed in future versions of Pydantic.
+    """
+
+
+class CoreSchemaGenerationWarning(UserWarning):
+    """A warning raised during core schema generation."""
+
+
+class ArbitraryTypeWarning(CoreSchemaGenerationWarning):
+    """A warning raised when Pydantic fails to generate a core schema for an arbitrary type."""
+
+
+class UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning(CoreSchemaGenerationWarning):
+    """A warning raised when a `Field()` attribute isn't supported in the context it is used."""
+
+
+class TypedDictExtraConfigWarning(CoreSchemaGenerationWarning):
+    """A warning raised when the [`extra`][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] configuration is incompatible with the `closed` or `extra_items` specification."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29068a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: pydantic_core
+Version: 2.46.4
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: GraalPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Rust
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.14.1
+License-File: LICENSE
+Summary: Core functionality for Pydantic validation and serialization
+Home-Page: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic
+Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, David Montague <david@pydantic.dev>, David Hewitt <mail@davidhewitt.dev>, Sydney Runkle <sydneymarierunkle@gmail.com>, Victorien Plot <contact@vctrn.dev>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown; charset=UTF-8; variant=GFM
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pydantic
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/tree/main/pydantic-core
+
+# pydantic-core
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/workflows/ci/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3Aci)
+[![Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/pydantic/pydantic-core/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/pydantic/pydantic-core)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pydantic-core.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pydantic-core)
+[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pydantic-core.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/pydantic/pydantic-core.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+This package provides the core functionality for [pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev) validation and serialization.
+
+Pydantic-core is currently around 17x faster than pydantic V1.
+See [`tests/benchmarks/`](./tests/benchmarks/) for details.
+
+## Example of direct usage
+
+*NOTE: You should not need to use pydantic-core directly; instead, use pydantic, which in turn uses pydantic-core.*
+
+```py
+from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, ValidationError
+
+
+v = SchemaValidator(
+    {
+        'type': 'typed-dict',
+        'fields': {
+            'name': {
+                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
+                'schema': {
+                    'type': 'str',
+                },
+            },
+            'age': {
+                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
+                'schema': {
+                    'type': 'int',
+                    'ge': 18,
+                },
+            },
+            'is_developer': {
+                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
+                'schema': {
+                    'type': 'default',
+                    'schema': {'type': 'bool'},
+                    'default': True,
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    }
+)
+
+r1 = v.validate_python({'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 35})
+assert r1 == {'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 35, 'is_developer': True}
+
+# pydantic-core can also validate JSON directly
+r2 = v.validate_json('{"name": "Samuel", "age": 35}')
+assert r1 == r2
+
+try:
+    v.validate_python({'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 11})
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    """
+    1 validation error for model
+    age
+      Input should be greater than or equal to 18
+      [type=greater_than_equal, context={ge: 18}, input_value=11, input_type=int]
+    """
+```
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+You'll need:
+
+1. **[Rust](https://rustup.rs/)** - Rust stable (or nightly for coverage)
+2. **[uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/)** - Fast Python package manager (will install Python 3.9+ automatically)
+3. **[git](https://git-scm.com/)** - For version control
+4. **[make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/)** - For running development commands (or use `nmake` on Windows)
+
+### Quick Start
+
+```bash
+# Clone the repository (or from your fork)
+git clone git@github.com:pydantic/pydantic-core.git
+cd pydantic-core
+
+# Install all dependencies using uv, setup pre-commit hooks, and build the development version
+make install
+```
+
+Verify your installation by running:
+
+```bash
+make
+```
+
+This runs a full development cycle: formatting, building, linting, and testing
+
+### Development Commands
+
+Run `make help` to see all available commands, or use these common ones:
+
+```bash
+make build-dev    # to build the package during development
+make build-prod   # to perform an optimised build for benchmarking
+make test         # to run the tests
+make testcov      # to run the tests and generate a coverage report
+make lint         # to run the linter
+make format       # to format python and rust code
+make all          # to run to run build-dev + format + lint + test
+```
+
+### Useful Resources
+
+* [`python/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi`](./python/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi) - Python API types
+* [`python/pydantic_core/core_schema.py`](./python/pydantic_core/core_schema.py) - Core schema definitions
+* [`tests/`](./tests) - Comprehensive usage examples
+
+## Profiling
+
+It's possible to profile the code using the [`flamegraph` utility from `flamegraph-rs`](https://github.com/flamegraph-rs/flamegraph). (Tested on Linux.) You can install this with `cargo install flamegraph`.
+
+Run `make build-profiling` to install a release build with debugging symbols included (needed for profiling).
+
+Once that is built, you can profile pytest benchmarks with (e.g.):
+
+```bash
+flamegraph -- pytest tests/benchmarks/test_micro_benchmarks.py -k test_list_of_ints_core_py --benchmark-enable
+```
+
+The `flamegraph` command will produce an interactive SVG at `flamegraph.svg`.
+
+## Releasing
+
+TBC (needs to be integrated into `pydantic` repository release process).
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/RECORD
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87ac959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/WHEEL
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+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: maturin (1.13.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0716871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 Samuel Colvin
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/sboms/pydantic-core.cyclonedx.json b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/sboms/pydantic-core.cyclonedx.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e29816
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5facd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys as _sys
+from typing import Any as _Any
+
+from typing_extensions import Sentinel
+
+from ._pydantic_core import (
+    ArgsKwargs,
+    MultiHostUrl,
+    PydanticCustomError,
+    PydanticKnownError,
+    PydanticOmit,
+    PydanticSerializationError,
+    PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue,
+    PydanticUndefined,
+    PydanticUndefinedType,
+    PydanticUseDefault,
+    SchemaError,
+    SchemaSerializer,
+    SchemaValidator,
+    Some,
+    TzInfo,
+    Url,
+    ValidationError,
+    __version__,
+    from_json,
+    to_json,
+    to_jsonable_python,
+)
+from .core_schema import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, CoreSchemaType, ErrorType
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired as _NotRequired
+else:
+    from typing import NotRequired as _NotRequired
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict as _TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict as _TypedDict
+
+__all__ = [
+    '__version__',
+    'UNSET',
+    'CoreConfig',
+    'CoreSchema',
+    'CoreSchemaType',
+    'SchemaValidator',
+    'SchemaSerializer',
+    'Some',
+    'Url',
+    'MultiHostUrl',
+    'ArgsKwargs',
+    'PydanticUndefined',
+    'PydanticUndefinedType',
+    'SchemaError',
+    'ErrorDetails',
+    'InitErrorDetails',
+    'ValidationError',
+    'PydanticCustomError',
+    'PydanticKnownError',
+    'PydanticOmit',
+    'PydanticUseDefault',
+    'PydanticSerializationError',
+    'PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue',
+    'TzInfo',
+    'to_json',
+    'from_json',
+    'to_jsonable_python',
+]
+
+
+class ErrorDetails(_TypedDict):
+    type: str
+    """
+    The type of error that occurred, this is an identifier designed for
+    programmatic use that will change rarely or never.
+
+    `type` is unique for each error message, and can hence be used as an identifier to build custom error messages.
+    """
+    loc: tuple[int | str, ...]
+    """Tuple of strings and ints identifying where in the schema the error occurred."""
+    msg: str
+    """A human readable error message."""
+    input: _Any
+    """The input data at this `loc` that caused the error."""
+    ctx: _NotRequired[dict[str, _Any]]
+    """
+    Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in rendering custom error messages.
+    Also useful for passing custom error data forward.
+    """
+    url: _NotRequired[str]
+    """
+    The documentation URL giving information about the error. No URL is available if
+    a [`PydanticCustomError`][pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError] is used.
+    """
+
+
+class InitErrorDetails(_TypedDict):
+    type: str | PydanticCustomError
+    """The type of error that occurred, this should be a "slug" identifier that changes rarely or never."""
+    loc: _NotRequired[tuple[int | str, ...]]
+    """Tuple of strings and ints identifying where in the schema the error occurred."""
+    input: _Any
+    """The input data at this `loc` that caused the error."""
+    ctx: _NotRequired[dict[str, _Any]]
+    """
+    Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in rendering custom error messages.
+    Also useful for passing custom error data forward.
+    """
+
+
+class ErrorTypeInfo(_TypedDict):
+    """
+    Gives information about errors.
+    """
+
+    type: ErrorType
+    """The type of error that occurred, this should be a "slug" identifier that changes rarely or never."""
+    message_template_python: str
+    """String template to render a human readable error message from using context, when the input is Python."""
+    example_message_python: str
+    """Example of a human readable error message, when the input is Python."""
+    message_template_json: _NotRequired[str]
+    """String template to render a human readable error message from using context, when the input is JSON data."""
+    example_message_json: _NotRequired[str]
+    """Example of a human readable error message, when the input is JSON data."""
+    example_context: dict[str, _Any] | None
+    """Example of context values."""
+
+
+class MultiHostHost(_TypedDict):
+    """
+    A host part of a multi-host URL.
+    """
+
+    username: str | None
+    """The username part of this host, or `None`."""
+    password: str | None
+    """The password part of this host, or `None`."""
+    host: str | None
+    """The host part of this host, or `None`."""
+    port: int | None
+    """The port part of this host, or `None`."""
+
+
+MISSING = Sentinel('MISSING')
+"""A singleton indicating a field value was not provided during validation.
+
+This singleton can be used a default value, as an alternative to `None` when it has
+an explicit meaning. During serialization, any field with `MISSING` as a value is excluded
+from the output.
+
+Example:
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    from pydantic_core import MISSING
+
+
+    class Configuration(BaseModel):
+        timeout: int | None | MISSING = MISSING
+
+
+    # configuration defaults, stored somewhere else:
+    defaults = {'timeout': 200}
+
+    conf = Configuration.model_validate({...})
+    timeout = conf.timeout if timeout.timeout is not MISSING else defaults['timeout']
+"""
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@
+import datetime
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, final
+
+from _typeshed import SupportsAllComparisons
+from typing_extensions import LiteralString, Self, TypeAlias
+
+from pydantic_core import ErrorDetails, ErrorTypeInfo, InitErrorDetails, MultiHostHost
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, ErrorType, ExtraBehavior
+
+__all__ = [
+    '__version__',
+    'build_profile',
+    'build_info',
+    '_recursion_limit',
+    'ArgsKwargs',
+    'SchemaValidator',
+    'SchemaSerializer',
+    'Url',
+    'MultiHostUrl',
+    'SchemaError',
+    'ValidationError',
+    'PydanticCustomError',
+    'PydanticKnownError',
+    'PydanticOmit',
+    'PydanticUseDefault',
+    'PydanticSerializationError',
+    'PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue',
+    'PydanticUndefined',
+    'PydanticUndefinedType',
+    'Some',
+    'to_json',
+    'from_json',
+    'to_jsonable_python',
+    'list_all_errors',
+    'TzInfo',
+]
+__version__: str
+build_profile: str
+build_info: str
+_recursion_limit: int
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T', default=Any, covariant=True)
+
+_StringInput: TypeAlias = 'dict[str, _StringInput]'
+
+@final
+class Some(Generic[_T]):
+    """
+    Similar to Rust's [`Option::Some`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html) type, this
+    identifies a value as being present, and provides a way to access it.
+
+    Generally used in a union with `None` to different between "some value which could be None" and no value.
+    """
+
+    __match_args__ = ('value',)
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> _T:
+        """
+        Returns the value wrapped by `Some`.
+        """
+    @classmethod
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any, /) -> type[Self]: ...
+
+@final
+class SchemaValidator:
+    """
+    `SchemaValidator` is the Python wrapper for `pydantic-core`'s Rust validation logic, internally it owns one
+    `CombinedValidator` which may in turn own more `CombinedValidator`s which make up the full schema validator.
+    """
+
+    # note: pyo3 currently supports __new__, but not __init__, though we include __init__ stubs
+    # and docstrings here (and in the following classes) for documentation purposes
+
+    def __init__(self, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `SchemaValidator`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            schema: The `CoreSchema` to use for validation.
+            config: Optionally a [`CoreConfig`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] to configure validation.
+            _use_prebuilt: Whether to use pre-built validators (False during rebuilds to avoid stale references).
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The title of the schema, as used in the heading of [`ValidationError.__str__()`][pydantic_core.ValidationError].
+        """
+    def validate_python(
+        self,
+        input: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Validate a Python object against the schema and return the validated object.
+
+        Arguments:
+            input: The Python object to validate.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            from_attributes: Whether to validate objects as inputs to models by extracting attributes.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.from_attributes`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            self_instance: An instance of a model set attributes on from validation, this is used when running
+                validation from the `__init__` method of a model.
+            allow_partial: Whether to allow partial validation; if `True` errors in the last element of sequences
+                and mappings are ignored.
+                `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+    def isinstance_python(
+        self,
+        input: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Similar to [`validate_python()`][pydantic_core.SchemaValidator.validate_python] but returns a boolean.
+
+        Arguments match `validate_python()`. This method will not raise `ValidationError`s but will raise internal
+        errors.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if validation succeeds, `False` if validation fails.
+        """
+    def validate_json(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Validate JSON data directly against the schema and return the validated Python object.
+
+        This method should be significantly faster than `validate_python(json.loads(json_data))` as it avoids the
+        need to create intermediate Python objects
+
+        It also handles constructing the correct Python type even in strict mode, where
+        `validate_python(json.loads(json_data))` would fail validation.
+
+        Arguments:
+            input: The JSON data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            self_instance: An instance of a model set attributes on from validation.
+            allow_partial: Whether to allow partial validation; if `True` incomplete JSON will be parsed successfully
+                and errors in the last element of sequences and mappings are ignored.
+                `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails or if the JSON data is invalid.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Python object.
+        """
+    def validate_strings(
+        self,
+        input: _StringInput,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Validate a string against the schema and return the validated Python object.
+
+        This is similar to `validate_json` but applies to scenarios where the input will be a string but not
+        JSON data, e.g. URL fragments, query parameters, etc.
+
+        Arguments:
+            input: The input as a string, or bytes/bytearray if `strict=False`.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            allow_partial: Whether to allow partial validation; if `True` errors in the last element of sequences
+                and mappings are ignored.
+                `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails or if the JSON data is invalid.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Python object.
+        """
+    def validate_assignment(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        field_name: str,
+        field_value: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any] | None, set[str]]:
+        """
+        Validate an assignment to a field on a model.
+
+        Arguments:
+            obj: The model instance being assigned to.
+            field_name: The name of the field to validate assignment for.
+            field_value: The value to assign to the field.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            from_attributes: Whether to validate objects as inputs to models by extracting attributes.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.from_attributes`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            Either the model dict or a tuple of `(model_data, model_extra, fields_set)`
+        """
+    def get_default_value(self, *, strict: bool | None = None, context: Any = None) -> Some | None:
+        """
+        Get the default value for the schema, including running default value validation.
+
+        Arguments:
+            strict: Whether to validate the default value in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            `None` if the schema has no default value, otherwise a [`Some`][pydantic_core.Some] containing the default.
+        """
+
+# In reality, `bool` should be replaced by `Literal[True]` but mypy fails to correctly apply bidirectional type inference
+# (e.g. when using `{'a': {'b': True}}`).
+_IncEx: TypeAlias = set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, _IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, _IncEx | bool]
+
+@final
+class SchemaSerializer:
+    """
+    `SchemaSerializer` is the Python wrapper for `pydantic-core`'s Rust serialization logic, internally it owns one
+    `CombinedSerializer` which may in turn own more `CombinedSerializer`s which make up the full schema serializer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `SchemaSerializer`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            schema: The `CoreSchema` to use for serialization.
+            config: Optionally a [`CoreConfig`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] to to configure serialization.
+            _use_prebuilt: Whether to use pre-built validators (False during rebuilds to avoid stale references).
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> Self: ...
+    def to_python(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        mode: str | None = None,
+        include: _IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Serialize/marshal a Python object to a Python object including transforming and filtering data.
+
+        Arguments:
+            value: The Python object to serialize.
+            mode: The serialization mode to use, either `'python'` or `'json'`, defaults to `'python'`. In JSON mode,
+                all values are converted to JSON compatible types, e.g. `None`, `int`, `float`, `str`, `list`, `dict`.
+            include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+            exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that are not set,
+                e.g. are not included in `__pydantic_fields_set__`.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are equal to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+            round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+            warnings: How to handle invalid fields. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+                if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+        Returns:
+            The serialized Python object.
+        """
+    def to_json(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        include: _IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a Python object to JSON including transforming and filtering data.
+
+        Arguments:
+            value: The Python object to serialize.
+            indent: If `None`, the JSON will be compact, otherwise it will be pretty-printed with the indent provided.
+            ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+                If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+            include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+            exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that are not set,
+                e.g. are not included in `__pydantic_fields_set__`.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are equal to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+            round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+            warnings: How to handle invalid fields. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+                if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+        Returns:
+           JSON bytes.
+        """
+
+def to_json(
+    value: Any,
+    *,
+    indent: int | None = None,
+    ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+    include: _IncEx | None = None,
+    exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+    # Note: In Pydantic 2.11, the default value of `by_alias` on `SchemaSerializer` was changed from `True` to `None`,
+    # to be consistent with the Pydantic "dump" methods. However, the default of `True` was kept here for
+    # backwards compatibility. In Pydantic V3, `by_alias` is expected to default to `True` everywhere:
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+    round_trip: bool = False,
+    timedelta_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'float'] = 'iso8601',
+    temporal_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds'] = 'iso8601',
+    bytes_mode: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex'] = 'utf8',
+    inf_nan_mode: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings'] = 'constants',
+    serialize_unknown: bool = False,
+    fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    context: Any | None = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Serialize a Python object to JSON including transforming and filtering data.
+
+    This is effectively a standalone version of [`SchemaSerializer.to_json`][pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer.to_json].
+
+    Arguments:
+        value: The Python object to serialize.
+        indent: If `None`, the JSON will be compact, otherwise it will be pretty-printed with the indent provided.
+        ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+            If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+        include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+        exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+        by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+        exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+        round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+        timedelta_mode: How to serialize `timedelta` objects, either `'iso8601'` or `'float'`.
+        temporal_mode: How to serialize datetime-like objects (`datetime`, `date`, `time`), either `'iso8601'`, `'seconds'`, or `'milliseconds'`.
+            `iso8601` returns an ISO 8601 string; `seconds` returns the Unix timestamp in seconds as a float; `milliseconds` returns the Unix timestamp in milliseconds as a float.
+
+        bytes_mode: How to serialize `bytes` objects, either `'utf8'`, `'base64'`, or `'hex'`.
+        inf_nan_mode: How to serialize `Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN` values, either `'null'`, `'constants'`, or `'strings'`.
+        serialize_unknown: Attempt to serialize unknown types, `str(value)` will be used, if that fails
+            `"<Unserializable {value_type} object>"` will be used.
+        fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+            if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+        serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+        polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+        context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+            [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+    Returns:
+       JSON bytes.
+    """
+
+def from_json(
+    data: str | bytes | bytearray,
+    *,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool = True,
+    cache_strings: bool | Literal['all', 'keys', 'none'] = True,
+    allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Deserialize JSON data to a Python object.
+
+    This is effectively a faster version of `json.loads()`, with some extra functionality.
+
+    Arguments:
+        data: The JSON data to deserialize.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow `Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN` values as `json.loads()` does by default.
+        cache_strings: Whether to cache strings to avoid constructing new Python objects,
+            this should have a significant impact on performance while increasing memory usage slightly,
+            `all/True` means cache all strings, `keys` means cache only dict keys, `none/False` means no caching.
+        allow_partial: Whether to allow partial deserialization, if `True` JSON data is returned if the end of the
+            input is reached before the full object is deserialized, e.g. `["aa", "bb", "c` would return `['aa', 'bb']`.
+            `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If deserialization fails.
+
+    Returns:
+        The deserialized Python object.
+    """
+
+def to_jsonable_python(
+    value: Any,
+    *,
+    include: _IncEx | None = None,
+    exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+    # Note: In Pydantic 2.11, the default value of `by_alias` on `SchemaSerializer` was changed from `True` to `None`,
+    # to be consistent with the Pydantic "dump" methods. However, the default of `True` was kept here for
+    # backwards compatibility. In Pydantic V3, `by_alias` is expected to default to `True` everywhere:
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+    round_trip: bool = False,
+    timedelta_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'float'] = 'iso8601',
+    temporal_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds'] = 'iso8601',
+    bytes_mode: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex'] = 'utf8',
+    inf_nan_mode: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings'] = 'constants',
+    serialize_unknown: bool = False,
+    fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    context: Any | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Serialize/marshal a Python object to a JSON-serializable Python object including transforming and filtering data.
+
+    This is effectively a standalone version of
+    [`SchemaSerializer.to_python(mode='json')`][pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer.to_python].
+
+    Args:
+        value: The Python object to serialize.
+        include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+        exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+        by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+        exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+        round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+        timedelta_mode: How to serialize `timedelta` objects, either `'iso8601'` or `'float'`.
+        temporal_mode: How to serialize datetime-like objects (`datetime`, `date`, `time`), either `'iso8601'`, `'seconds'`, or `'milliseconds'`.
+            `iso8601` returns an ISO 8601 string; `seconds` returns the Unix timestamp in seconds as a float; `milliseconds` returns the Unix timestamp in milliseconds as a float.
+
+        bytes_mode: How to serialize `bytes` objects, either `'utf8'`, `'base64'`, or `'hex'`.
+        inf_nan_mode: How to serialize `Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN` values, either `'null'`, `'constants'`, or `'strings'`.
+        serialize_unknown: Attempt to serialize unknown types, `str(value)` will be used, if that fails
+            `"<Unserializable {value_type} object>"` will be used.
+        fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+            if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+        serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+        polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+        context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+            [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+    Returns:
+        The serialized Python object.
+    """
+
+class Url(SupportsAllComparisons):
+    """
+    A URL type, internal logic uses the [url rust crate](https://docs.rs/url/latest/url/) originally developed
+    by Mozilla.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None: ...
+    def __new__(cls, url: str) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def unicode_host(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None: ...
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]: ...
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> str: ...
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self: ...
+
+class MultiHostUrl(SupportsAllComparisons):
+    """
+    A URL type with support for multiple hosts, as used by some databases for DSNs, e.g. `https://foo.com,bar.com/path`.
+
+    Internal URL logic uses the [url rust crate](https://docs.rs/url/latest/url/) originally developed
+    by Mozilla.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None: ...
+    def __new__(cls, url: str) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]: ...
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def hosts(self) -> list[MultiHostHost]: ...
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> Self: ...
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        hosts: list[MultiHostHost] | None = None,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self: ...
+
+@final
+class SchemaError(Exception):
+    """
+    Information about errors that occur while building a [`SchemaValidator`][pydantic_core.SchemaValidator]
+    or [`SchemaSerializer`][pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer].
+    """
+
+    def error_count(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            The number of errors in the schema.
+        """
+    def errors(self) -> list[ErrorDetails]:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            A list of [`ErrorDetails`][pydantic_core.ErrorDetails] for each error in the schema.
+        """
+
+class ValidationError(ValueError):
+    """
+    `ValidationError` is the exception raised by `pydantic-core` when validation fails, it contains a list of errors
+    which detail why validation failed.
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_exception_data(
+        cls,
+        title: str,
+        line_errors: list[InitErrorDetails],
+        input_type: Literal['python', 'json'] = 'python',
+        hide_input: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """
+        Python constructor for a Validation Error.
+
+        Arguments:
+            title: The title of the error, as used in the heading of `str(validation_error)`
+            line_errors: A list of [`InitErrorDetails`][pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails] which contain information
+                about errors that occurred during validation.
+            input_type: Whether the error is for a Python object or JSON.
+            hide_input: Whether to hide the input value in the error message.
+        """
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The title of the error, as used in the heading of `str(validation_error)`.
+        """
+    def error_count(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            The number of errors in the validation error.
+        """
+    def errors(
+        self, *, include_url: bool = True, include_context: bool = True, include_input: bool = True
+    ) -> list[ErrorDetails]:
+        """
+        Details about each error in the validation error.
+
+        Args:
+            include_url: Whether to include a URL to documentation on the error each error.
+            include_context: Whether to include the context of each error.
+            include_input: Whether to include the input value of each error.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of [`ErrorDetails`][pydantic_core.ErrorDetails] for each error in the validation error.
+        """
+    def json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        include_url: bool = True,
+        include_context: bool = True,
+        include_input: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Same as [`errors()`][pydantic_core.ValidationError.errors] but returns a JSON string.
+
+        Args:
+            indent: The number of spaces to indent the JSON by, or `None` for no indentation - compact JSON.
+            include_url: Whether to include a URL to documentation on the error each error.
+            include_context: Whether to include the context of each error.
+            include_input: Whether to include the input value of each error.
+
+        Returns:
+            a JSON string.
+        """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        A string representation of the validation error.
+
+        Whether or not documentation URLs are included in the repr is controlled by the
+        environment variable `PYDANTIC_ERRORS_INCLUDE_URL` being set to `1` or
+        `true`; by default, URLs are shown.
+
+        Due to implementation details, this environment variable can only be set once,
+        before the first validation error is created.
+        """
+
+class PydanticCustomError(ValueError):
+    """A custom exception providing flexible error handling for Pydantic validators.
+
+    You can raise this error in custom validators when you'd like flexibility in regards to the error type, message, and context.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
+
+        def custom_validator(v) -> None:
+            if v <= 10:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('custom_value_error', 'Value must be greater than {value}', {'value': 10, 'extra_context': 'extra_data'})
+            return v
+        ```
+
+    Arguments:
+        error_type: The error type.
+        message_template: The message template.
+        context: The data to inject into the message template.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, error_type: LiteralString, message_template: LiteralString, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None, /
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in passing error data forward."""
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> str:
+        """The error type associated with the error. For consistency with Pydantic, this is typically a snake_case string."""
+
+    @property
+    def message_template(self) -> str:
+        """The message template associated with the error. This is a string that can be formatted with context variables in `{curly_braces}`."""
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        """The formatted message associated with the error. This presents as the message template with context variables appropriately injected."""
+
+@final
+class PydanticKnownError(ValueError):
+    """A helper class for raising exceptions that mimic Pydantic's built-in exceptions, with more flexibility in regards to context.
+
+    Unlike [`PydanticCustomError`][pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError], the `error_type` argument must be a known `ErrorType`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticKnownError
+
+        def custom_validator(v) -> None:
+            if v <= 10:
+                raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than', {'gt': 10})
+            return v
+        ```
+
+    Arguments:
+        error_type: The error type.
+        context: The data to inject into the message template.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, error_type: ErrorType, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None, /) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in passing error data forward."""
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> ErrorType:
+        """The type of the error."""
+
+    @property
+    def message_template(self) -> str:
+        """The message template associated with the provided error type. This is a string that can be formatted with context variables in `{curly_braces}`."""
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        """The formatted message associated with the error. This presents as the message template with context variables appropriately injected."""
+
+@final
+class PydanticOmit(Exception):
+    """An exception to signal that a field should be omitted from a generated result.
+
+    This could span from omitting a field from a JSON Schema to omitting a field from a serialized result.
+    Upcoming: more robust support for using PydanticOmit in custom serializers is still in development.
+    Right now, this is primarily used in the JSON Schema generation process.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from typing import Callable
+
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticOmit
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        from pydantic.json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema, JsonSchemaValue
+
+
+        class MyGenerateJsonSchema(GenerateJsonSchema):
+            def handle_invalid_for_json_schema(self, schema, error_info) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                raise PydanticOmit
+
+
+        class Predicate(BaseModel):
+            name: str = 'no-op'
+            func: Callable = lambda x: x
+
+
+        instance_example = Predicate()
+
+        validation_schema = instance_example.model_json_schema(schema_generator=MyGenerateJsonSchema, mode='validation')
+        print(validation_schema)
+        '''
+        {'properties': {'name': {'default': 'no-op', 'title': 'Name', 'type': 'string'}}, 'title': 'Predicate', 'type': 'object'}
+        '''
+        ```
+
+    For a more in depth example / explanation, see the [customizing JSON schema](../concepts/json_schema.md#customizing-the-json-schema-generation-process) docs.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Self: ...
+
+@final
+class PydanticUseDefault(Exception):
+    """An exception to signal that standard validation either failed or should be skipped, and the default value should be used instead.
+
+    This warning can be raised in custom validation functions to redirect the flow of validation.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticUseDefault
+        from datetime import datetime
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
+
+
+        class Event(BaseModel):
+            name: str = 'meeting'
+            time: datetime
+
+            @field_validator('name', mode='plain')
+            def name_must_be_present(cls, v) -> str:
+                if not v or not isinstance(v, str):
+                    raise PydanticUseDefault()
+                return v
+
+
+        event1 = Event(name='party', time=datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0))
+        print(repr(event1))
+        # > Event(name='party', time=datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0))
+        event2 = Event(time=datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0))
+        print(repr(event2))
+        # > Event(name='meeting', time=datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0))
+        ```
+
+    For an additional example, see the [validating partial json data](../concepts/json.md#partial-json-parsing) section of the Pydantic documentation.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Self: ...
+
+@final
+class PydanticSerializationError(ValueError):
+    """An error raised when an issue occurs during serialization.
+
+    In custom serializers, this error can be used to indicate that serialization has failed.
+
+    Arguments:
+        message: The message associated with the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, /) -> None: ...
+
+@final
+class PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(ValueError):
+    """An error raised when an unexpected value is encountered during serialization.
+
+    This error is often caught and coerced into a warning, as `pydantic-core` generally makes a best attempt
+    at serializing values, in contrast with validation where errors are eagerly raised.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, field_serializer
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue
+
+        class BasicPoint(BaseModel):
+            x: int
+            y: int
+
+            @field_serializer('*')
+            def serialize(self, v):
+                if not isinstance(v, int):
+                    raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(f'Expected type `int`, got {type(v)} with value {v}')
+                return v
+
+        point = BasicPoint(x=1, y=2)
+        # some sort of mutation
+        point.x = 'a'
+
+        print(point.model_dump())
+        '''
+        UserWarning: Pydantic serializer warnings:
+        PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(Expected type `int`, got <class 'str'> with value a)
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
+        {'x': 'a', 'y': 2}
+        '''
+        ```
+
+    This is often used internally in `pydantic-core` when unexpected types are encountered during serialization,
+    but it can also be used by users in custom serializers, as seen above.
+
+    Arguments:
+        message: The message associated with the unexpected value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, /) -> None: ...
+
+@final
+class ArgsKwargs:
+    """A construct used to store arguments and keyword arguments for a function call.
+
+    This data structure is generally used to store information for core schemas associated with functions (like in an arguments schema).
+    This data structure is also currently used for some validation against dataclasses.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass
+        from pydantic import model_validator
+
+
+        @dataclass
+        class Model:
+            a: int
+            b: int
+
+            @model_validator(mode="before")
+            @classmethod
+            def no_op_validator(cls, values):
+                print(values)
+                return values
+
+        Model(1, b=2)
+        #> ArgsKwargs((1,), {"b": 2})
+
+        Model(1, 2)
+        #> ArgsKwargs((1, 2), {})
+
+        Model(a=1, b=2)
+        #> ArgsKwargs((), {"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `ArgsKwargs`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            args: The arguments (inherently ordered) for a function call.
+            kwargs: The keyword arguments for a function call
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def args(self) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """The arguments (inherently ordered) for a function call."""
+
+    @property
+    def kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """The keyword arguments for a function call."""
+
+@final
+class PydanticUndefinedType:
+    """A type used as a sentinel for undefined values."""
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Any) -> Self: ...
+
+PydanticUndefined: PydanticUndefinedType
+
+def list_all_errors() -> list[ErrorTypeInfo]:
+    """
+    Get information about all built-in errors.
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of `ErrorTypeInfo` typed dicts.
+    """
+@final
+class TzInfo(datetime.tzinfo):
+    """An `pydantic-core` implementation of the abstract [`datetime.tzinfo`][] class."""
+
+    def __init__(self, seconds: float = 0.0) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `TzInfo`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            seconds: The offset from UTC in seconds. Defaults to 0.0 (UTC).
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, seconds: float = 0.0) -> Self: ...
+
+    # Docstrings for attributes sourced from the abstract base class, [`datetime.tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.tzinfo).
+
+    def tzname(self, dt: datetime.datetime | None) -> str | None:
+        """Return the time zone name corresponding to the [`datetime`][datetime.datetime] object _dt_, as a string.
+
+        For more info, see [`tzinfo.tzname`][datetime.tzinfo.tzname].
+        """
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt: datetime.datetime | None) -> datetime.timedelta | None:
+        """Return offset of local time from UTC, as a [`timedelta`][datetime.timedelta] object that is positive east of UTC. If local time is west of UTC, this should be negative.
+
+        More info can be found at [`tzinfo.utcoffset`][datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset].
+        """
+
+    def dst(self, dt: datetime.datetime | None) -> datetime.timedelta | None:
+        """Return the daylight saving time (DST) adjustment, as a [`timedelta`][datetime.timedelta] object or `None` if DST information isn’t known.
+
+        More info can be found at[`tzinfo.dst`][datetime.tzinfo.dst]."""
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """Adjust the date and time data associated datetime object _dt_, returning an equivalent datetime in self’s local time.
+
+        More info can be found at [`tzinfo.fromutc`][datetime.tzinfo.fromutc]."""
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, _memo: dict[Any, Any]) -> TzInfo: ...
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/core_schema.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/core_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ff202c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/core_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4461 @@
+"""
+This module contains definitions to build schemas which `pydantic_core` can
+validate and serialize.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Hashable, Mapping
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeVar, deprecated
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import Protocol, Required, TypeAlias
+else:
+    from typing import Protocol, Required, TypeAlias
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+else:
+    # The initial build of pydantic_core requires PydanticUndefined to generate
+    # the core schema; so we need to conditionally skip it. mypy doesn't like
+    # this at all, hence the TYPE_CHECKING branch above.
+    try:
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+    except ImportError:
+        PydanticUndefined = object()
+
+
+ExtraBehavior = Literal['allow', 'forbid', 'ignore']
+
+
+class CoreConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """
+    Base class for schema configuration options.
+
+    Attributes:
+        title: The name of the configuration.
+        strict: Whether the configuration should strictly adhere to specified rules.
+        extra_fields_behavior: The behavior for handling extra fields.
+        typed_dict_total: Whether the TypedDict should be considered total. Default is `True`.
+        from_attributes: Whether to use attributes for models, dataclasses, and tagged union keys.
+        loc_by_alias: Whether to use the used alias (or first alias for "field required" errors) instead of
+            `field_names` to construct error `loc`s. Default is `True`.
+        revalidate_instances: Whether instances of models and dataclasses should re-validate. Default is 'never'.
+        validate_default: Whether to validate default values during validation. Default is `False`.
+        str_max_length: The maximum length for string fields.
+        str_min_length: The minimum length for string fields.
+        str_strip_whitespace: Whether to strip whitespace from string fields.
+        str_to_lower: Whether to convert string fields to lowercase.
+        str_to_upper: Whether to convert string fields to uppercase.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow infinity and NaN values for float fields. Default is `True`.
+        ser_json_timedelta: The serialization option for `timedelta` values. Default is 'iso8601'.
+            Note that if ser_json_temporal is set, then this param will be ignored.
+        ser_json_temporal: The serialization option for datetime like values. Default is 'iso8601'.
+            The types this covers are datetime, date, time and timedelta.
+            If this is set, it will take precedence over ser_json_timedelta
+        ser_json_bytes: The serialization option for `bytes` values. Default is 'utf8'.
+        ser_json_inf_nan: The serialization option for infinity and NaN values
+            in float fields. Default is 'null'.
+        val_json_bytes: The validation option for `bytes` values, complementing ser_json_bytes. Default is 'utf8'.
+        hide_input_in_errors: Whether to hide input data from `ValidationError` representation.
+        validation_error_cause: Whether to add user-python excs to the __cause__ of a ValidationError.
+            Requires exceptiongroup backport pre Python 3.11.
+        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
+        regex_engine: The regex engine to use for regex pattern validation. Default is 'rust-regex'. See `StringSchema`.
+        cache_strings: Whether to cache strings. Default is `True`, `True` or `'all'` is required to cache strings
+            during general validation since validators don't know if they're in a key or a value.
+        validate_by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data. Default is `True`.
+        validate_by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data. Default is `False`. Replacement for `populate_by_name`.
+        serialize_by_alias: Whether to serialize by alias. Default is `False`, expected to change to `True` in V3.
+        polymorphic_serialization: Whether to enable polymorphic serialization for models and dataclasses. Default is `False`.
+        url_preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve empty URL paths when validating values for a URL type. Defaults to `False`.
+    """
+
+    title: str
+    strict: bool
+    # settings related to typed dicts, model fields, dataclass fields
+    extra_fields_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    typed_dict_total: bool  # default: True
+    # used for models, dataclasses, and tagged union keys
+    from_attributes: bool
+    # whether to use the used alias (or first alias for "field required" errors) instead of field_names
+    # to construct error `loc`s, default True
+    loc_by_alias: bool
+    # whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances) should re-validate, default 'never'
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']
+    # whether to validate default values during validation, default False
+    validate_default: bool
+    # used on typed-dicts and arguments
+    # fields related to string fields only
+    str_max_length: int
+    str_min_length: int
+    str_strip_whitespace: bool
+    str_to_lower: bool
+    str_to_upper: bool
+    # fields related to float fields only
+    allow_inf_nan: bool  # default: True
+    # the config options are used to customise serialization to JSON
+    ser_json_timedelta: Literal['iso8601', 'float']  # default: 'iso8601'
+    ser_json_temporal: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds']  # default: 'iso8601'
+    ser_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']  # default: 'utf8'
+    ser_json_inf_nan: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings']  # default: 'null'
+    val_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']  # default: 'utf8'
+    # used to hide input data from ValidationError repr
+    hide_input_in_errors: bool
+    validation_error_cause: bool  # default: False
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool  # default: False
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']  # default: 'rust-regex'
+    cache_strings: Union[bool, Literal['all', 'keys', 'none']]  # default: 'True'
+    validate_by_alias: bool  # default: True
+    validate_by_name: bool  # default: False
+    serialize_by_alias: bool  # default: False
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool  # default: False
+    url_preserve_empty_path: bool  # default: False
+
+
+IncExCall: TypeAlias = 'set[int | str] | dict[int | str, IncExCall] | None'
+
+ContextT = TypeVar('ContextT', covariant=True, default='Any | None')
+
+
+class SerializationInfo(Protocol[ContextT]):
+    """Extra data used during serialization."""
+
+    @property
+    def include(self) -> IncExCall:
+        """The `include` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude(self) -> IncExCall:
+        """The `exclude` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> ContextT:
+        """The current serialization context."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> Literal['python', 'json'] | str:
+        """The serialization mode set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def by_alias(self) -> bool:
+        """The `by_alias` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_unset(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_unset` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_defaults(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_defaults` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_none(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_none` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_computed_fields(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_computed_fields` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def serialize_as_any(self) -> bool:
+        """The `serialize_as_any` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def polymorphic_serialization(self) -> bool | None:
+        """The `polymorphic_serialization` argument set during serialization, if any."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def round_trip(self) -> bool:
+        """The `round_trip` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    def mode_is_json(self) -> bool: ...
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+
+
+class FieldSerializationInfo(SerializationInfo[ContextT], Protocol):
+    """Extra data used during field serialization."""
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the current field being serialized."""
+        ...
+
+
+class ValidationInfo(Protocol[ContextT]):
+    """Extra data used during validation."""
+
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> ContextT:
+        """The current validation context."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def config(self) -> CoreConfig | None:
+        """The CoreConfig that applies to this validation."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> Literal['python', 'json']:
+        """The type of input data we are currently validating."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """The data being validated for this model."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        The name of the current field being validated if this validator is
+        attached to a model field.
+        """
+        ...
+
+
+ExpectedSerializationTypes = Literal[
+    'none',
+    'int',
+    'bool',
+    'float',
+    'str',
+    'bytes',
+    'bytearray',
+    'list',
+    'tuple',
+    'set',
+    'frozenset',
+    'generator',
+    'dict',
+    'datetime',
+    'date',
+    'time',
+    'timedelta',
+    'url',
+    'multi-host-url',
+    'json',
+    'uuid',
+    'any',
+]
+
+
+class SimpleSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[ExpectedSerializationTypes]
+
+
+def simple_ser_schema(type: ExpectedSerializationTypes) -> SimpleSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization with a custom type.
+
+    Args:
+        type: The type to use for serialization
+    """
+    return SimpleSerSchema(type=type)
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+GeneralPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any], Any]
+# (input_value: Any, info: FieldSerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+GeneralPlainInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+FieldPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, info: FieldSerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+FieldPlainInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any, FieldSerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+SerializerFunction = Union[
+    GeneralPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    GeneralPlainInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldPlainInfoSerializerFunction,
+]
+
+WhenUsed = Literal['always', 'unless-none', 'json', 'json-unless-none']
+"""
+Values have the following meanings:
+
+* `'always'` means always use
+* `'unless-none'` means use unless the value is `None`
+* `'json'` means use when serializing to JSON
+* `'json-unless-none'` means use when serializing to JSON and the value is not `None`
+"""
+
+
+class PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-plain']]
+    function: Required[SerializerFunction]
+    is_field_serializer: bool  # default False
+    info_arg: bool  # default False
+    return_schema: CoreSchema  # if omitted, AnySchema is used
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'always'
+
+
+def plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+    function: SerializerFunction,
+    *,
+    is_field_serializer: bool | None = None,
+    info_arg: bool | None = None,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+) -> PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization with a function, can be either a "general" or "field" function.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to use for serialization
+        is_field_serializer: Whether the serializer is for a field, e.g. takes `model` as the first argument,
+            and `info` includes `field_name`
+        info_arg: Whether the function takes an `info` argument
+        return_schema: Schema to use for serializing return value
+        when_used: When the function should be called
+    """
+    if when_used == 'always':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        when_used = None  # type: ignore
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-plain',
+        function=function,
+        is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+        info_arg=info_arg,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        when_used=when_used,
+    )
+
+
+class SerializerFunctionWrapHandler(Protocol):  # pragma: no cover
+    def __call__(self, input_value: Any, index_key: int | str | None = None, /) -> Any: ...
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+GeneralWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+# (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+GeneralWrapInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+FieldWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: FieldSerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+FieldWrapInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, FieldSerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+WrapSerializerFunction = Union[
+    GeneralWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    GeneralWrapInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldWrapInfoSerializerFunction,
+]
+
+
+class WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-wrap']]
+    function: Required[WrapSerializerFunction]
+    is_field_serializer: bool  # default False
+    info_arg: bool  # default False
+    schema: CoreSchema  # if omitted, the schema on which this serializer is defined is used
+    return_schema: CoreSchema  # if omitted, AnySchema is used
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'always'
+
+
+def wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+    function: WrapSerializerFunction,
+    *,
+    is_field_serializer: bool | None = None,
+    info_arg: bool | None = None,
+    schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+) -> WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization with a wrap function, can be either a "general" or "field" function.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to use for serialization
+        is_field_serializer: Whether the serializer is for a field, e.g. takes `model` as the first argument,
+            and `info` includes `field_name`
+        info_arg: Whether the function takes an `info` argument
+        schema: The schema to use for the inner serialization
+        return_schema: Schema to use for serializing return value
+        when_used: When the function should be called
+    """
+    if when_used == 'always':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        when_used = None  # type: ignore
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-wrap',
+        function=function,
+        is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+        info_arg=info_arg,
+        schema=schema,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        when_used=when_used,
+    )
+
+
+class FormatSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['format']]
+    formatting_string: Required[str]
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'json-unless-none'
+
+
+def format_ser_schema(formatting_string: str, *, when_used: WhenUsed = 'json-unless-none') -> FormatSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization using python's `format` method.
+
+    Args:
+        formatting_string: String defining the format to use
+        when_used: Same meaning as for [general_function_plain_ser_schema], but with a different default
+    """
+    if when_used == 'json-unless-none':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        when_used = None  # type: ignore
+    return _dict_not_none(type='format', formatting_string=formatting_string, when_used=when_used)
+
+
+class ToStringSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['to-string']]
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'json-unless-none'
+
+
+def to_string_ser_schema(*, when_used: WhenUsed = 'json-unless-none') -> ToStringSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization using python's `str()` / `__str__` method.
+
+    Args:
+        when_used: Same meaning as for [general_function_plain_ser_schema], but with a different default
+    """
+    s = dict(type='to-string')
+    if when_used != 'json-unless-none':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        s['when_used'] = when_used
+    return s  # type: ignore
+
+
+class ModelSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+
+
+def model_ser_schema(cls: type[Any], schema: CoreSchema) -> ModelSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization using a model.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The expected class type, used to generate warnings if the wrong type is passed
+        schema: Internal schema to use to serialize the model dict
+    """
+    return ModelSerSchema(type='model', cls=cls, schema=schema)
+
+
+SerSchema = Union[
+    SimpleSerSchema,
+    PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema,
+    WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema,
+    FormatSerSchema,
+    ToStringSerSchema,
+    ModelSerSchema,
+]
+
+
+class InvalidSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['invalid']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    # note, we never plan to use this, but include it for type checking purposes to match
+    # all other CoreSchema union members
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def invalid_schema(ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> InvalidSchema:
+    """
+    Returns an invalid schema, used to indicate that a schema is invalid.
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+
+    return _dict_not_none(type='invalid', ref=ref, metadata=metadata)
+
+
+class ComputedField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['computed-field']]
+    property_name: Required[str]
+    return_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    alias: str
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def computed_field(
+    property_name: str,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> ComputedField:
+    """
+    ComputedFields are properties of a model or dataclass that are included in serialization.
+
+    Args:
+        property_name: The name of the property on the model or dataclass
+        return_schema: The schema used for the type returned by the computed field
+        alias: The name to use in the serialized output
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='computed-field',
+        property_name=property_name,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        alias=alias,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+class AnySchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['any']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def any_schema(
+    *, ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None, serialization: SerSchema | None = None
+) -> AnySchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches any value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.any_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(1) == 1
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='any', ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class NoneSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['none']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def none_schema(
+    *, ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None, serialization: SerSchema | None = None
+) -> NoneSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a None value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.none_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(None) is None
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='none', ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class BoolSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['bool']]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def bool_schema(
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BoolSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a bool value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.bool_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('True') is True
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a bool or a value that can be converted to a bool
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='bool', strict=strict, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class IntSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['int']]
+    multiple_of: int
+    le: int
+    ge: int
+    lt: int
+    gt: int
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def int_schema(
+    *,
+    multiple_of: int | None = None,
+    le: int | None = None,
+    ge: int | None = None,
+    lt: int | None = None,
+    gt: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> IntSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a int value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.int_schema(multiple_of=2, le=6, ge=2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('4') == 4
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this number
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this number
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this number
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this number
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this number
+        strict: Whether the value should be a int or a value that can be converted to a int
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='int',
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class FloatSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['float']]
+    allow_inf_nan: bool  # whether 'NaN', '+inf', '-inf' should be forbidden. default: True
+    multiple_of: float
+    le: float
+    ge: float
+    lt: float
+    gt: float
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def float_schema(
+    *,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+    multiple_of: float | None = None,
+    le: float | None = None,
+    ge: float | None = None,
+    lt: float | None = None,
+    gt: float | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> FloatSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a float value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.float_schema(le=0.8, ge=0.2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('0.5') == 0.5
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow inf and nan values
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this number
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this number
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this number
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this number
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this number
+        strict: Whether the value should be a float or a value that can be converted to a float
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='float',
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DecimalSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['decimal']]
+    allow_inf_nan: bool  # whether 'NaN', '+inf', '-inf' should be forbidden. default: False
+    multiple_of: Decimal
+    le: Decimal
+    ge: Decimal
+    lt: Decimal
+    gt: Decimal
+    max_digits: int
+    decimal_places: int
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def decimal_schema(
+    *,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+    multiple_of: Decimal | None = None,
+    le: Decimal | None = None,
+    ge: Decimal | None = None,
+    lt: Decimal | None = None,
+    gt: Decimal | None = None,
+    max_digits: int | None = None,
+    decimal_places: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DecimalSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a decimal value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from decimal import Decimal
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.decimal_schema(le=0.8, ge=0.2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('0.5') == Decimal('0.5')
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow inf and nan values
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this number
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this number
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this number
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this number
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this number
+        max_digits: The maximum number of decimal digits allowed
+        decimal_places: The maximum number of decimal places allowed
+        strict: Whether the value should be a float or a value that can be converted to a float
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='decimal',
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ComplexSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['complex']]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def complex_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ComplexSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a complex value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.complex_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('1+2j') == complex(1, 2)
+    assert v.validate_python(complex(1, 2)) == complex(1, 2)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a complex object instance or a value that can be converted to a complex object
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='complex',
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class StringSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['str']]
+    pattern: Union[str, Pattern[str]]
+    max_length: int
+    min_length: int
+    strip_whitespace: bool
+    to_lower: bool
+    to_upper: bool
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']  # default: 'rust-regex'
+    strict: bool
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def str_schema(
+    *,
+    pattern: str | Pattern[str] | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    strip_whitespace: bool | None = None,
+    to_lower: bool | None = None,
+    to_upper: bool | None = None,
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re'] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> StringSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a string value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.str_schema(max_length=10, min_length=2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        pattern: A regex pattern that the value must match
+        max_length: The value must be at most this length
+        min_length: The value must be at least this length
+        strip_whitespace: Whether to strip whitespace from the value
+        to_lower: Whether to convert the value to lowercase
+        to_upper: Whether to convert the value to uppercase
+        regex_engine: The regex engine to use for pattern validation. Default is 'rust-regex'.
+            - `rust-regex` uses the [`regex`](https://docs.rs/regex) Rust
+              crate, which is non-backtracking and therefore more DDoS
+              resistant, but does not support all regex features.
+            - `python-re` use the [`re`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html) module,
+              which supports all regex features, but may be slower.
+        strict: Whether the value should be a string or a value that can be converted to a string
+        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='str',
+        pattern=pattern,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        to_lower=to_lower,
+        to_upper=to_upper,
+        regex_engine=regex_engine,
+        strict=strict,
+        coerce_numbers_to_str=coerce_numbers_to_str,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class BytesSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['bytes']]
+    max_length: int
+    min_length: int
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def bytes_schema(
+    *,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BytesSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a bytes value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.bytes_schema(max_length=10, min_length=2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(b'hello') == b'hello'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        max_length: The value must be at most this length
+        min_length: The value must be at least this length
+        strict: Whether the value should be a bytes or a value that can be converted to a bytes
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='bytes',
+        max_length=max_length,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DateSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['date']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: date
+    ge: date
+    lt: date
+    gt: date
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future']
+    # defaults to current local utc offset from `time.localtime().tm_gmtoff`
+    # value is restricted to -86_400 < offset < 86_400:
+    now_utc_offset: int
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def date_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: date | None = None,
+    ge: date | None = None,
+    lt: date | None = None,
+    gt: date | None = None,
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future'] | None = None,
+    now_utc_offset: int | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DateSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a date value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import date
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.date_schema(le=date(2020, 1, 1), ge=date(2019, 1, 1))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(date(2019, 6, 1)) == date(2019, 6, 1)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a date or a value that can be converted to a date
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this date
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this date
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this date
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this date
+        now_op: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current date
+        now_utc_offset: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current date with this utc offset
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='date',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        now_op=now_op,
+        now_utc_offset=now_utc_offset,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TimeSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['time']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: time
+    ge: time
+    lt: time
+    gt: time
+    tz_constraint: Union[Literal['aware', 'naive'], int]
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error']
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def time_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: time | None = None,
+    ge: time | None = None,
+    lt: time | None = None,
+    gt: time | None = None,
+    tz_constraint: Literal['aware', 'naive'] | int | None = None,
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error'] = 'truncate',
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TimeSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a time value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import time
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.time_schema(le=time(12, 0, 0), ge=time(6, 0, 0))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(time(9, 0, 0)) == time(9, 0, 0)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a time or a value that can be converted to a time
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this time
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this time
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this time
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this time
+        tz_constraint: The value must be timezone aware or naive, or an int to indicate required tz offset
+        microseconds_precision: The behavior when seconds have more than 6 digits or microseconds is too large
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='time',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        tz_constraint=tz_constraint,
+        microseconds_precision=microseconds_precision,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DatetimeSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['datetime']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: datetime
+    ge: datetime
+    lt: datetime
+    gt: datetime
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future']
+    tz_constraint: Union[Literal['aware', 'naive'], int]
+    # defaults to current local utc offset from `time.localtime().tm_gmtoff`
+    # value is restricted to -86_400 < offset < 86_400 by bounds in generate_self_schema.py
+    now_utc_offset: int
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error']  # default: 'truncate'
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def datetime_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: datetime | None = None,
+    ge: datetime | None = None,
+    lt: datetime | None = None,
+    gt: datetime | None = None,
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future'] | None = None,
+    tz_constraint: Literal['aware', 'naive'] | int | None = None,
+    now_utc_offset: int | None = None,
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error'] = 'truncate',
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DatetimeSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a datetime value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import datetime
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.datetime_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    now = datetime.now()
+    assert v.validate_python(str(now)) == now
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a datetime or a value that can be converted to a datetime
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this datetime
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this datetime
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this datetime
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this datetime
+        now_op: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current datetime
+        tz_constraint: The value must be timezone aware or naive, or an int to indicate required tz offset
+            TODO: use of a tzinfo where offset changes based on the datetime is not yet supported
+        now_utc_offset: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current datetime with this utc offset
+        microseconds_precision: The behavior when seconds have more than 6 digits or microseconds is too large
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='datetime',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        now_op=now_op,
+        tz_constraint=tz_constraint,
+        now_utc_offset=now_utc_offset,
+        microseconds_precision=microseconds_precision,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TimedeltaSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['timedelta']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: timedelta
+    ge: timedelta
+    lt: timedelta
+    gt: timedelta
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error']
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def timedelta_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: timedelta | None = None,
+    ge: timedelta | None = None,
+    lt: timedelta | None = None,
+    gt: timedelta | None = None,
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error'] = 'truncate',
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TimedeltaSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a timedelta value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import timedelta
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.timedelta_schema(le=timedelta(days=1), ge=timedelta(days=0))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(timedelta(hours=12)) == timedelta(hours=12)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a timedelta or a value that can be converted to a timedelta
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this timedelta
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this timedelta
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this timedelta
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this timedelta
+        microseconds_precision: The behavior when seconds have more than 6 digits or microseconds is too large
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='timedelta',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        microseconds_precision=microseconds_precision,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class LiteralSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['literal']]
+    expected: Required[list[Any]]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def literal_schema(
+    expected: list[Any],
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> LiteralSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a literal value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.literal_schema(['hello', 'world'])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        expected: The value must be one of these values
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='literal', expected=expected, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class EnumSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['enum']]
+    cls: Required[Any]
+    members: Required[list[Any]]
+    sub_type: Literal['str', 'int', 'float']
+    missing: Callable[[Any], Any]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def enum_schema(
+    cls: Any,
+    members: list[Any],
+    *,
+    sub_type: Literal['str', 'int', 'float'] | None = None,
+    missing: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> EnumSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an enum value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from enum import Enum
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class Color(Enum):
+        RED = 1
+        GREEN = 2
+        BLUE = 3
+
+    schema = core_schema.enum_schema(Color, list(Color.__members__.values()))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(2) is Color.GREEN
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The enum class
+        members: The members of the enum, generally `list(MyEnum.__members__.values())`
+        sub_type: The type of the enum, either 'str' or 'int' or None for plain enums
+        missing: A function to use when the value is not found in the enum, from `_missing_`
+        strict: Whether to use strict mode, defaults to False
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='enum',
+        cls=cls,
+        members=members,
+        sub_type=sub_type,
+        missing=missing,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class MissingSentinelSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['missing-sentinel']]
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def missing_sentinel_schema(
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> MissingSentinelSchema:
+    """Returns a schema for the `MISSING` sentinel."""
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='missing-sentinel',
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# must match input/parse_json.rs::JsonType::try_from
+JsonType = Literal['null', 'bool', 'int', 'float', 'str', 'list', 'dict']
+
+
+class IsInstanceSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['is-instance']]
+    cls: Required[Any]
+    cls_repr: str
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def is_instance_schema(
+    cls: Any,
+    *,
+    cls_repr: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> IsInstanceSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that checks if a value is an instance of a class, equivalent to python's `isinstance` method, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class A:
+        pass
+
+    schema = core_schema.is_instance_schema(cls=A)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(A())
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The value must be an instance of this class
+        cls_repr: If provided this string is used in the validator name instead of `repr(cls)`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='is-instance', cls=cls, cls_repr=cls_repr, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class IsSubclassSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['is-subclass']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    cls_repr: str
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def is_subclass_schema(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    *,
+    cls_repr: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> IsInstanceSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that checks if a value is a subtype of a class, equivalent to python's `issubclass` method, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class A:
+        pass
+
+    class B(A):
+        pass
+
+    schema = core_schema.is_subclass_schema(cls=A)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(B)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The value must be a subclass of this class
+        cls_repr: If provided this string is used in the validator name instead of `repr(cls)`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='is-subclass', cls=cls, cls_repr=cls_repr, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class CallableSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['callable']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def callable_schema(
+    *, ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None, serialization: SerSchema | None = None
+) -> CallableSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that checks if a value is callable, equivalent to python's `callable` method, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.callable_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(min)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='callable', ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class UuidSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['uuid']]
+    version: Literal[1, 3, 4, 5, 7]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def uuid_schema(
+    *,
+    version: Literal[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> UuidSchema:
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='uuid', version=version, strict=strict, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class IncExSeqSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['include-exclude-sequence']]
+    include: set[int]
+    exclude: set[int]
+
+
+def filter_seq_schema(*, include: set[int] | None = None, exclude: set[int] | None = None) -> IncExSeqSerSchema:
+    return _dict_not_none(type='include-exclude-sequence', include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+
+IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema = Union[IncExSeqSerSchema, SerSchema]
+
+
+class ListSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['list']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def list_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ListSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a list value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.list_schema(core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(['4']) == [4]
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a list of items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a list with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a list with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a list with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='list',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# @deprecated('tuple_positional_schema is deprecated. Use pydantic_core.core_schema.tuple_schema instead.')
+def tuple_positional_schema(
+    items_schema: list[CoreSchema],
+    *,
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TupleSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tuple of schemas, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.tuple_positional_schema(
+        [core_schema.int_schema(), core_schema.str_schema()]
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python((1, 'hello')) == (1, 'hello')
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match these schemas
+        extras_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match this schema
+            This was inspired by JSON schema's `prefixItems` and `items` fields.
+            In python's `typing.Tuple`, you can't specify a type for "extra" items -- they must all be the same type
+            if the length is variable. So this field won't be set from a `typing.Tuple` annotation on a pydantic model.
+        strict: The value must be a tuple with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if extras_schema is not None:
+        variadic_item_index = len(items_schema)
+        items_schema = items_schema + [extras_schema]
+    else:
+        variadic_item_index = None
+    return tuple_schema(
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        variadic_item_index=variadic_item_index,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# @deprecated('tuple_variable_schema is deprecated. Use pydantic_core.core_schema.tuple_schema instead.')
+def tuple_variable_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TupleSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tuple of a given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.tuple_variable_schema(
+        items_schema=core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(('1', 2, 3)) == (1, 2, 3)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a tuple with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a tuple with at most this many items
+        strict: The value must be a tuple with exactly this many items
+        ref: Optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return tuple_schema(
+        items_schema=[items_schema or any_schema()],
+        variadic_item_index=0,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TupleSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['tuple']]
+    items_schema: Required[list[CoreSchema]]
+    variadic_item_index: int
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def tuple_schema(
+    items_schema: list[CoreSchema],
+    *,
+    variadic_item_index: int | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TupleSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tuple of schemas, with an optional variadic item, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.tuple_schema(
+        [core_schema.int_schema(), core_schema.str_schema(), core_schema.float_schema()],
+        variadic_item_index=1,
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python((1, 'hello', 'world', 1.5)) == (1, 'hello', 'world', 1.5)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match these schemas
+        variadic_item_index: The index of the schema in `items_schema` to be treated as variadic (following PEP 646)
+        min_length: The value must be a tuple with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a tuple with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a tuple with exactly this many items
+        ref: Optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='tuple',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        variadic_item_index=variadic_item_index,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class SetSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['set']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def set_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> SetSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a set of a given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.set_schema(
+        items_schema=core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({1, '2', 3}) == {1, 2, 3}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a set with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a set with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a set with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a set with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='set',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class FrozenSetSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['frozenset']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def frozenset_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> FrozenSetSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a frozenset of a given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.frozenset_schema(
+        items_schema=core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(frozenset(range(3))) == frozenset({0, 1, 2})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a frozenset with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a frozenset with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a frozenset with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a frozenset with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='frozenset',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class GeneratorSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['generator']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def generator_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> GeneratorSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a generator value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from typing import Iterator
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def gen() -> Iterator[int]:
+        yield 1
+
+    schema = core_schema.generator_schema(items_schema=core_schema.int_schema())
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(gen())
+    ```
+
+    Unlike other types, validated generators do not raise ValidationErrors eagerly,
+    but instead will raise a ValidationError when a violating value is actually read from the generator.
+    This is to ensure that "validated" generators retain the benefit of lazy evaluation.
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a generator with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a generator that yields at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a generator that yields at most this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='generator',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+IncExDict = set[Union[int, str]]
+
+
+class IncExDictSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['include-exclude-dict']]
+    include: IncExDict
+    exclude: IncExDict
+
+
+def filter_dict_schema(*, include: IncExDict | None = None, exclude: IncExDict | None = None) -> IncExDictSerSchema:
+    return _dict_not_none(type='include-exclude-dict', include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+
+IncExDictOrElseSerSchema = Union[IncExDictSerSchema, SerSchema]
+
+
+class DictSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dict']]
+    keys_schema: CoreSchema  # default: AnySchema
+    values_schema: CoreSchema  # default: AnySchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExDictOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def dict_schema(
+    keys_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    values_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DictSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a dict value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.dict_schema(
+        keys_schema=core_schema.str_schema(), values_schema=core_schema.int_schema()
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': '1', 'b': 2}) == {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        keys_schema: The value must be a dict with keys that match this schema
+        values_schema: The value must be a dict with values that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a dict with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a dict with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: Whether the keys and values should be validated with strict mode
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dict',
+        keys_schema=keys_schema,
+        values_schema=values_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+NoInfoValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any], Any]
+
+
+class NoInfoValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal['no-info']
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, info: ValidationInfo, /) -> Any
+WithInfoValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any, ValidationInfo[Any]], Any]
+
+
+class WithInfoValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['with-info']]
+    function: Required[WithInfoValidatorFunction]
+    field_name: str  # deprecated
+
+
+ValidationFunction = Union[NoInfoValidatorFunctionSchema, WithInfoValidatorFunctionSchema]
+
+
+class _ValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    function: Required[ValidationFunction]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+class BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema(_ValidatorFunctionSchema, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-before']]
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema
+
+
+def no_info_before_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function before validating, no `info` argument is provided, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: bytes) -> str:
+        return v.decode() + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-before',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_before_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function before validation, the function is called with
+    an `info` argument, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: bytes, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert info.data is not None
+        assert info.field_name is not None
+        return v.decode() + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_before_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-before',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class AfterValidatorFunctionSchema(_ValidatorFunctionSchema, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-after']]
+
+
+def no_info_after_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> AfterValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function after validating, no `info` argument is provided, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str) -> str:
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(fn, core_schema.str_schema())
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call after the schema is validated
+        schema: The schema to validate before the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-after',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_after_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> AfterValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function after validation, the function is called with
+    an `info` argument, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert info.data is not None
+        assert info.field_name is not None
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call after the schema is validated
+        schema: The schema to validate before the validator function
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_after_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-after',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler(Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, input_value: Any, outer_location: str | int | None = None, /) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, validator: ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any, ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+
+
+class NoInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal['no-info']
+    function: NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, validator: ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, info: ValidationInfo, /) -> Any
+WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any, ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, ValidationInfo[Any]], Any]
+
+
+class WithInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['with-info']]
+    function: Required[WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction]
+    field_name: str  # deprecated
+
+
+WrapValidatorFunction = Union[NoInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema, WithInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema]
+
+
+class WrapValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-wrap']]
+    function: Required[WrapValidatorFunction]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    ref: str
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> WrapValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema which calls a function with a `validator` callable argument which can
+    optionally be used to call inner validation with the function logic, this is much like the
+    "onion" implementation of middleware in many popular web frameworks, no `info` argument is passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(
+        v: str,
+        validator: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+    ) -> str:
+        return validator(input_value=v) + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-wrap',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        schema=schema,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_wrap_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> WrapValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema which calls a function with a `validator` callable argument which can
+    optionally be used to call inner validation with the function logic, this is much like the
+    "onion" implementation of middleware in many popular web frameworks, an `info` argument is also passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(
+        v: str,
+        validator: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo,
+    ) -> str:
+        return validator(input_value=v) + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-wrap',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        schema=schema,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class PlainValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-plain']]
+    function: Required[ValidationFunction]
+    ref: str
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def no_info_plain_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> PlainValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the provided function for validation, no `info` argument is passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(function=fn)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-plain',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_plain_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> PlainValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the provided function for validation, an `info` argument is passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(function=fn)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-plain',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class WithDefaultSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['default']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    default: Any
+    default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any]]
+    default_factory_takes_data: bool
+    on_error: Literal['raise', 'omit', 'default']  # default: 'raise'
+    validate_default: bool  # default: False
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def with_default_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any], None] = None,
+    default_factory_takes_data: bool | None = None,
+    on_error: Literal['raise', 'omit', 'default'] | None = None,
+    validate_default: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> WithDefaultSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that adds a default value to the given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.with_default_schema(core_schema.str_schema(), default='hello')
+    wrapper_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(schema)}
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(wrapper_schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({}) == v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to add a default value to
+        default: The default value to use
+        default_factory: A callable that returns the default value to use
+        default_factory_takes_data: Whether the default factory takes a validated data argument
+        on_error: What to do if the schema validation fails. One of 'raise', 'omit', 'default'
+        validate_default: Whether the default value should be validated
+        strict: Whether the underlying schema should be validated with strict mode
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    s = _dict_not_none(
+        type='default',
+        schema=schema,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        default_factory_takes_data=default_factory_takes_data,
+        on_error=on_error,
+        validate_default=validate_default,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+    if default is not PydanticUndefined:
+        s['default'] = default
+    return s
+
+
+class NullableSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['nullable']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def nullable_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> NullableSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a nullable value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.nullable_schema(core_schema.str_schema())
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(None) is None
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to wrap
+        strict: Whether the underlying schema should be validated with strict mode
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='nullable', schema=schema, strict=strict, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class UnionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['union']]
+    choices: Required[list[Union[CoreSchema, tuple[CoreSchema, str]]]]
+    # default true, whether to automatically collapse unions with one element to the inner validator
+    auto_collapse: bool
+    custom_error_type: str
+    custom_error_message: str
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]
+    mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right']  # default: 'smart'
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def union_schema(
+    choices: list[CoreSchema | tuple[CoreSchema, str]],
+    *,
+    auto_collapse: bool | None = None,
+    custom_error_type: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, str | int] | None = None,
+    mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> UnionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a union value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.union_schema([core_schema.str_schema(), core_schema.int_schema()])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello'
+    assert v.validate_python(1) == 1
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        choices: The schemas to match. If a tuple, the second item is used as the label for the case.
+        auto_collapse: whether to automatically collapse unions with one element to the inner validator, default true
+        custom_error_type: The custom error type to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_message: The custom error message to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_context: The custom error context to use if the validation fails
+        mode: How to select which choice to return
+            * `smart` (default) will try to return the choice which is the closest match to the input value
+            * `left_to_right` will return the first choice in `choices` which succeeds validation
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='union',
+        choices=choices,
+        auto_collapse=auto_collapse,
+        custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+        custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+        custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+        mode=mode,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TaggedUnionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['tagged-union']]
+    choices: Required[dict[Hashable, CoreSchema]]
+    discriminator: Required[Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]], Callable[[Any], Hashable]]]
+    custom_error_type: str
+    custom_error_message: str
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]
+    strict: bool
+    from_attributes: bool  # default: True
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def tagged_union_schema(
+    choices: dict[Any, CoreSchema],
+    discriminator: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | Callable[[Any], Any],
+    *,
+    custom_error_type: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, int | str | float] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TaggedUnionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tagged union value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    apple_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {
+            'foo': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.str_schema()),
+            'bar': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.int_schema()),
+        }
+    )
+    banana_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {
+            'foo': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.str_schema()),
+            'spam': core_schema.typed_dict_field(
+                core_schema.list_schema(items_schema=core_schema.int_schema())
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.tagged_union_schema(
+        choices={
+            'apple': apple_schema,
+            'banana': banana_schema,
+        },
+        discriminator='foo',
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'foo': 'apple', 'bar': '123'}) == {'foo': 'apple', 'bar': 123}
+    assert v.validate_python({'foo': 'banana', 'spam': [1, 2, 3]}) == {
+        'foo': 'banana',
+        'spam': [1, 2, 3],
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        choices: The schemas to match
+            When retrieving a schema from `choices` using the discriminator value, if the value is a str,
+            it should be fed back into the `choices` map until a schema is obtained
+            (This approach is to prevent multiple ownership of a single schema in Rust)
+        discriminator: The discriminator to use to determine the schema to use
+            * If `discriminator` is a str, it is the name of the attribute to use as the discriminator
+            * If `discriminator` is a list of int/str, it should be used as a "path" to access the discriminator
+            * If `discriminator` is a list of lists, each inner list is a path, and the first path that exists is used
+            * If `discriminator` is a callable, it should return the discriminator when called on the value to validate;
+              the callable can return `None` to indicate that there is no matching discriminator present on the input
+        custom_error_type: The custom error type to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_message: The custom error message to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_context: The custom error context to use if the validation fails
+        strict: Whether the underlying schemas should be validated with strict mode
+        from_attributes: Whether to use the attributes of the object to retrieve the discriminator value
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='tagged-union',
+        choices=choices,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+        custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+        custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+        strict=strict,
+        from_attributes=from_attributes,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ChainSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['chain']]
+    steps: Required[list[CoreSchema]]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def chain_schema(
+    steps: list[CoreSchema],
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ChainSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that chains the provided validation schemas, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + ' world'
+
+    fn_schema = core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(function=fn)
+    schema = core_schema.chain_schema(
+        [fn_schema, fn_schema, fn_schema, core_schema.str_schema()]
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello world world world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        steps: The schemas to chain
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='chain', steps=steps, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class LaxOrStrictSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['lax-or-strict']]
+    lax_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    strict_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def lax_or_strict_schema(
+    lax_schema: CoreSchema,
+    strict_schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> LaxOrStrictSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the lax or strict schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + ' world'
+
+    lax_schema = core_schema.int_schema(strict=False)
+    strict_schema = core_schema.int_schema(strict=True)
+
+    schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+        lax_schema=lax_schema, strict_schema=strict_schema, strict=True
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(123) == 123
+
+    schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+        lax_schema=lax_schema, strict_schema=strict_schema, strict=False
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('123') == 123
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        lax_schema: The lax schema to use
+        strict_schema: The strict schema to use
+        strict: Whether the strict schema should be used
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='lax-or-strict',
+        lax_schema=lax_schema,
+        strict_schema=strict_schema,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class JsonOrPythonSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['json-or-python']]
+    json_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    python_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def json_or_python_schema(
+    json_schema: CoreSchema,
+    python_schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> JsonOrPythonSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the Json or Python schema depending on the input:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, ValidationError, core_schema
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(
+        core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=core_schema.int_schema(),
+            python_schema=core_schema.int_schema(strict=True),
+        )
+    )
+
+    assert v.validate_json('"123"') == 123
+
+    try:
+        v.validate_python('123')
+    except ValidationError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        raise AssertionError('Validation should have failed')
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        json_schema: The schema to use for Json inputs
+        python_schema: The schema to use for Python inputs
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='json-or-python',
+        json_schema=json_schema,
+        python_schema=python_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TypedDictField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['typed-dict-field']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    required: bool
+    validation_alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+    serialization_alias: str
+    serialization_exclude: bool  # default: False
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]  # default None
+
+
+def typed_dict_field(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    required: bool | None = None,
+    validation_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude: bool | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+) -> TypedDictField:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a typed dict field, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+    field = core_schema.typed_dict_field(schema=core_schema.int_schema(), required=True)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the field
+        required: Whether the field is required, otherwise uses the value from `total` on the typed dict
+        validation_alias: The alias(es) to use to find the field in the validation data
+        serialization_alias: The alias to use as a key when serializing
+        serialization_exclude: Whether to exclude the field when serializing
+        serialization_exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude the field when serializing based on its value.
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='typed-dict-field',
+        schema=schema,
+        required=required,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        serialization_exclude=serialization_exclude,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+class TypedDictSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['typed-dict']]
+    fields: Required[dict[str, TypedDictField]]
+    cls: type[Any]
+    cls_name: str
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField]
+    strict: bool
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema
+    # all these values can be set via config, equivalent fields have `typed_dict_` prefix
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    total: bool  # default: True
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+    config: CoreConfig
+
+
+def typed_dict_schema(
+    fields: dict[str, TypedDictField],
+    *,
+    cls: type[Any] | None = None,
+    cls_name: str | None = None,
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+    total: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+) -> TypedDictSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a typed dict, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class MyTypedDict(TypedDict):
+        a: str
+
+    wrapper_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.str_schema())}, cls=MyTypedDict
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(wrapper_schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}) == {'a': 'hello'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        fields: The fields to use for the typed dict
+        cls: The class to use for the typed dict
+        cls_name: The name to use in error locations. Falls back to `cls.__name__`, or the validator name if no class
+            is provided.
+        computed_fields: Computed fields to use when serializing the model, only applies when directly inside a model
+        strict: Whether the typed dict is strict
+        extras_schema: The extra validator to use for the typed dict
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use for the typed dict
+        total: Whether the typed dict is total, otherwise uses `typed_dict_total` from config
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='typed-dict',
+        fields=fields,
+        cls=cls,
+        cls_name=cls_name,
+        computed_fields=computed_fields,
+        strict=strict,
+        extras_schema=extras_schema,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        total=total,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+
+class ModelField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model-field']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    validation_alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+    serialization_alias: str
+    serialization_exclude: bool  # default: False
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]  # default: None
+    frozen: bool
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def model_field(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    validation_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude: bool | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> ModelField:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for a model field, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+    field = core_schema.model_field(schema=core_schema.int_schema())
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the field
+        validation_alias: The alias(es) to use to find the field in the validation data
+        serialization_alias: The alias to use as a key when serializing
+        serialization_exclude: Whether to exclude the field when serializing
+        serialization_exclude_if: A Callable that determines whether to exclude a field during serialization based on its value.
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='model-field',
+        schema=schema,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        serialization_exclude=serialization_exclude,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+class ModelFieldsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model-fields']]
+    fields: Required[dict[str, ModelField]]
+    model_name: str
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField]
+    strict: bool
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema
+    extras_keys_schema: CoreSchema
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    from_attributes: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def model_fields_schema(
+    fields: dict[str, ModelField],
+    *,
+    model_name: str | None = None,
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    extras_keys_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+    from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ModelFieldsSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches the fields of a Pydantic model, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    wrapper_schema = core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+        {'a': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.str_schema())}
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(wrapper_schema)
+    print(v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}))
+    #> ({'a': 'hello'}, None, {'a'})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        fields: The fields of the model
+        model_name: The name of the model, used for error messages, defaults to "Model"
+        computed_fields: Computed fields to use when serializing the model, only applies when directly inside a model
+        strict: Whether the model is strict
+        extras_schema: The schema to use when validating extra input data
+        extras_keys_schema: The schema to use when validating the keys of extra input data
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use for the model fields
+        from_attributes: Whether the model fields should be populated from attributes
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='model-fields',
+        fields=fields,
+        model_name=model_name,
+        computed_fields=computed_fields,
+        strict=strict,
+        extras_schema=extras_schema,
+        extras_keys_schema=extras_keys_schema,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        from_attributes=from_attributes,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ModelSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    generic_origin: type[Any]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    custom_init: bool
+    root_model: bool
+    post_init: str
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']  # default: 'never'
+    strict: bool
+    frozen: bool
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    config: CoreConfig
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def model_schema(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    generic_origin: type[Any] | None = None,
+    custom_init: bool | None = None,
+    root_model: bool | None = None,
+    post_init: str | None = None,
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances'] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ModelSchema:
+    """
+    A model schema generally contains a typed-dict schema.
+    It will run the typed dict validator, then create a new class
+    and set the dict and fields set returned from the typed dict validator
+    to `__dict__` and `__pydantic_fields_set__` respectively.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import CoreConfig, SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class MyModel:
+        __slots__ = (
+            '__dict__',
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__',
+            '__pydantic_extra__',
+            '__pydantic_private__',
+        )
+
+    schema = core_schema.model_schema(
+        cls=MyModel,
+        config=CoreConfig(str_max_length=5),
+        schema=core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+            fields={'a': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.str_schema())},
+        ),
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.isinstance_python({'a': 'hello'}) is True
+    assert v.isinstance_python({'a': 'too long'}) is False
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class to use for the model
+        schema: The schema to use for the model
+        generic_origin: The origin type used for this model, if it's a parametrized generic. Ex,
+            if this model schema represents `SomeModel[int]`, generic_origin is `SomeModel`
+        custom_init: Whether the model has a custom init method
+        root_model: Whether the model is a `RootModel`
+        post_init: The call after init to use for the model
+        revalidate_instances: whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances)
+            should re-validate defaults to config.revalidate_instances, else 'never'
+        strict: Whether the model is strict
+        frozen: Whether the model is frozen
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use for the model, used in serialization
+        config: The config to use for the model
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='model',
+        cls=cls,
+        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+        schema=schema,
+        custom_init=custom_init,
+        root_model=root_model,
+        post_init=post_init,
+        revalidate_instances=revalidate_instances,
+        strict=strict,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        config=config,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DataclassField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dataclass-field']]
+    name: Required[str]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    kw_only: bool  # default: True
+    init: bool  # default: True
+    init_only: bool  # default: False
+    frozen: bool  # default: False
+    validation_alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+    serialization_alias: str
+    serialization_exclude: bool  # default: False
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]  # default: None
+
+
+def dataclass_field(
+    name: str,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    kw_only: bool | None = None,
+    init: bool | None = None,
+    init_only: bool | None = None,
+    validation_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude: bool | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+) -> DataclassField:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for a dataclass field, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    field = core_schema.dataclass_field(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), kw_only=False
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.dataclass_args_schema('Foobar', [field])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}) == ({'a': 'hello'}, None)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name to use for the argument parameter
+        schema: The schema to use for the argument parameter
+        kw_only: Whether the field can be set with a positional argument as well as a keyword argument
+        init: Whether the field should be validated during initialization
+        init_only: Whether the field should be omitted  from `__dict__` and passed to `__post_init__`
+        validation_alias: The alias(es) to use to find the field in the validation data
+        serialization_alias: The alias to use as a key when serializing
+        serialization_exclude: Whether to exclude the field when serializing
+        serialization_exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude the field when serializing based on its value.
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dataclass-field',
+        name=name,
+        schema=schema,
+        kw_only=kw_only,
+        init=init,
+        init_only=init_only,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        serialization_exclude=serialization_exclude,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        frozen=frozen,
+    )
+
+
+class DataclassArgsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dataclass-args']]
+    dataclass_name: Required[str]
+    fields: Required[list[DataclassField]]
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField]
+    collect_init_only: bool  # default: False
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+
+
+def dataclass_args_schema(
+    dataclass_name: str,
+    fields: list[DataclassField],
+    *,
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField] | None = None,
+    collect_init_only: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+) -> DataclassArgsSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for validating dataclass arguments, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    field_a = core_schema.dataclass_field(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), kw_only=False
+    )
+    field_b = core_schema.dataclass_field(
+        name='b', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), kw_only=False
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.dataclass_args_schema('Foobar', [field_a, field_b])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello', 'b': True}) == ({'a': 'hello', 'b': True}, None)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        dataclass_name: The name of the dataclass being validated
+        fields: The fields to use for the dataclass
+        computed_fields: Computed fields to use when serializing the dataclass
+        collect_init_only: Whether to collect init only fields into a dict to pass to `__post_init__`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+        extra_behavior: How to handle extra fields
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dataclass-args',
+        dataclass_name=dataclass_name,
+        fields=fields,
+        computed_fields=computed_fields,
+        collect_init_only=collect_init_only,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+    )
+
+
+class DataclassSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dataclass']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    generic_origin: type[Any]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    fields: Required[list[str]]
+    cls_name: str
+    post_init: bool  # default: False
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']  # default: 'never'
+    strict: bool  # default: False
+    frozen: bool  # default False
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+    slots: bool
+    config: CoreConfig
+
+
+def dataclass_schema(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    fields: list[str],
+    *,
+    generic_origin: type[Any] | None = None,
+    cls_name: str | None = None,
+    post_init: bool | None = None,
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances'] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    slots: bool | None = None,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+) -> DataclassSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for a dataclass. As with `ModelSchema`, this schema can only be used as a field within
+    another schema, not as the root type.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The dataclass type, used to perform subclass checks
+        schema: The schema to use for the dataclass fields
+        fields: Fields of the dataclass, this is used in serialization and in validation during re-validation
+            and while validating assignment
+        generic_origin: The origin type used for this dataclass, if it's a parametrized generic. Ex,
+            if this model schema represents `SomeDataclass[int]`, generic_origin is `SomeDataclass`
+        cls_name: The name to use in error locs, etc; this is useful for generics (default: `cls.__name__`)
+        post_init: Whether to call `__post_init__` after validation
+        revalidate_instances: whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances)
+            should re-validate defaults to config.revalidate_instances, else 'never'
+        strict: Whether to require an exact instance of `cls`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+        frozen: Whether the dataclass is frozen
+        slots: Whether `slots=True` on the dataclass, means each field is assigned independently, rather than
+            simply setting `__dict__`, default false
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dataclass',
+        cls=cls,
+        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+        fields=fields,
+        cls_name=cls_name,
+        schema=schema,
+        post_init=post_init,
+        revalidate_instances=revalidate_instances,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        slots=slots,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+
+class ArgumentsParameter(TypedDict, total=False):
+    name: Required[str]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    mode: Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only']  # default positional_or_keyword
+    alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+
+
+def arguments_parameter(
+    name: str,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only'] | None = None,
+    alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsParameter:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an argument parameter, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_schema([param])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(('hello',)) == (('hello',), {})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name to use for the argument parameter
+        schema: The schema to use for the argument parameter
+        mode: The mode to use for the argument parameter
+        alias: The alias to use for the argument parameter
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(name=name, schema=schema, mode=mode, alias=alias)
+
+
+VarKwargsMode: TypeAlias = Literal['uniform', 'unpacked-typed-dict']
+
+
+class ArgumentsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['arguments']]
+    arguments_schema: Required[list[ArgumentsParameter]]
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    var_args_schema: CoreSchema
+    var_kwargs_mode: VarKwargsMode
+    var_kwargs_schema: CoreSchema
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def arguments_schema(
+    arguments: list[ArgumentsParameter],
+    *,
+    validate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+    validate_by_alias: bool | None = None,
+    var_args_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    var_kwargs_mode: VarKwargsMode | None = None,
+    var_kwargs_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an arguments schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param_a = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    param_b = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='b', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_schema([param_a, param_b])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(('hello', True)) == (('hello', True), {})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        arguments: The arguments to use for the arguments schema
+        validate_by_name: Whether to populate by the parameter names, defaults to `False`.
+        validate_by_alias: Whether to populate by the parameter aliases, defaults to `True`.
+        var_args_schema: The variable args schema to use for the arguments schema
+        var_kwargs_mode: The validation mode to use for variadic keyword arguments. If `'uniform'`, every value of the
+            keyword arguments will be validated against the `var_kwargs_schema` schema. If `'unpacked-typed-dict'`,
+            the `var_kwargs_schema` argument must be a [`typed_dict_schema`][pydantic_core.core_schema.typed_dict_schema]
+        var_kwargs_schema: The variable kwargs schema to use for the arguments schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='arguments',
+        arguments_schema=arguments,
+        validate_by_name=validate_by_name,
+        validate_by_alias=validate_by_alias,
+        var_args_schema=var_args_schema,
+        var_kwargs_mode=var_kwargs_mode,
+        var_kwargs_schema=var_kwargs_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ArgumentsV3Parameter(TypedDict, total=False):
+    name: Required[str]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    mode: Literal[
+        'positional_only',
+        'positional_or_keyword',
+        'keyword_only',
+        'var_args',
+        'var_kwargs_uniform',
+        'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict',
+    ]  # default positional_or_keyword
+    alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+
+
+def arguments_v3_parameter(
+    name: str,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal[
+        'positional_only',
+        'positional_or_keyword',
+        'keyword_only',
+        'var_args',
+        'var_kwargs_uniform',
+        'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict',
+    ]
+    | None = None,
+    alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsV3Parameter:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an argument parameter, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_v3_schema([param])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}) == (('hello',), {})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name to use for the argument parameter
+        schema: The schema to use for the argument parameter
+        mode: The mode to use for the argument parameter
+        alias: The alias to use for the argument parameter
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(name=name, schema=schema, mode=mode, alias=alias)
+
+
+class ArgumentsV3Schema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['arguments-v3']]
+    arguments_schema: Required[list[ArgumentsV3Parameter]]
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    extra_behavior: Literal['forbid', 'ignore']  # 'allow' doesn't make sense here.
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def arguments_v3_schema(
+    arguments: list[ArgumentsV3Parameter],
+    *,
+    validate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+    validate_by_alias: bool | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: Literal['forbid', 'ignore'] | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsV3Schema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an arguments schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param_a = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    param_b = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+        name='kwargs', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), mode='var_kwargs_uniform'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_v3_schema([param_a, param_b])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hi', 'kwargs': {'b': True}}) == (('hi',), {'b': True})
+    ```
+
+    This schema is currently not used by other Pydantic components. In V3, it will most likely
+    become the default arguments schema for the `'call'` schema.
+
+    Args:
+        arguments: The arguments to use for the arguments schema.
+        validate_by_name: Whether to populate by the parameter names, defaults to `False`.
+        validate_by_alias: Whether to populate by the parameter aliases, defaults to `True`.
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use.
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places.
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core.
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema.
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='arguments-v3',
+        arguments_schema=arguments,
+        validate_by_name=validate_by_name,
+        validate_by_alias=validate_by_alias,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class CallSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['call']]
+    arguments_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    function: Required[Callable[..., Any]]
+    function_name: str  # default function.__name__
+    return_schema: CoreSchema
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def call_schema(
+    arguments: CoreSchema,
+    function: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    function_name: str | None = None,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> CallSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an arguments schema, then calls a function, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param_a = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    param_b = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='b', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    args_schema = core_schema.arguments_schema([param_a, param_b])
+
+    schema = core_schema.call_schema(
+        arguments=args_schema,
+        function=lambda a, b: a + str(not b),
+        return_schema=core_schema.str_schema(),
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python((('hello', True))) == 'helloFalse'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        arguments: The arguments to use for the arguments schema
+        function: The function to use for the call schema
+        function_name: The function name to use for the call schema, if not provided `function.__name__` is used
+        return_schema: The return schema to use for the call schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='call',
+        arguments_schema=arguments,
+        function=function,
+        function_name=function_name,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class CustomErrorSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['custom-error']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    custom_error_type: Required[str]
+    custom_error_message: str
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def custom_error_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    custom_error_type: str,
+    *,
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> CustomErrorSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a custom error value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.custom_error_schema(
+        schema=core_schema.int_schema(),
+        custom_error_type='MyError',
+        custom_error_message='Error msg',
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(1)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the custom error schema
+        custom_error_type: The custom error type to use for the custom error schema
+        custom_error_message: The custom error message to use for the custom error schema
+        custom_error_context: The custom error context to use for the custom error schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='custom-error',
+        schema=schema,
+        custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+        custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+        custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class JsonSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['json']]
+    schema: CoreSchema
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def json_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> JsonSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a JSON value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    dict_schema = core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+        {
+            'field_a': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.str_schema()),
+            'field_b': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.bool_schema()),
+        },
+    )
+
+    class MyModel:
+        __slots__ = (
+            '__dict__',
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__',
+            '__pydantic_extra__',
+            '__pydantic_private__',
+        )
+        field_a: str
+        field_b: bool
+
+    json_schema = core_schema.json_schema(schema=dict_schema)
+    schema = core_schema.model_schema(cls=MyModel, schema=json_schema)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    m = v.validate_python('{"field_a": "hello", "field_b": true}')
+    assert isinstance(m, MyModel)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the JSON schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='json', schema=schema, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class UrlSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['url']]
+    max_length: int
+    allowed_schemes: list[str]
+    host_required: bool  # default False
+    default_host: str
+    default_port: int
+    default_path: str
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def url_schema(
+    *,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    allowed_schemes: list[str] | None = None,
+    host_required: bool | None = None,
+    default_host: str | None = None,
+    default_port: int | None = None,
+    default_path: str | None = None,
+    preserve_empty_path: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> UrlSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a URL value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.url_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    print(v.validate_python('https://example.com'))
+    #> https://example.com/
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        max_length: The maximum length of the URL
+        allowed_schemes: The allowed URL schemes
+        host_required: Whether the URL must have a host
+        default_host: The default host to use if the URL does not have a host
+        default_port: The default port to use if the URL does not have a port
+        default_path: The default path to use if the URL does not have a path
+        preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve an empty path or convert it to '/', default False
+        strict: Whether to use strict URL parsing
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='url',
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
+        host_required=host_required,
+        default_host=default_host,
+        default_port=default_port,
+        default_path=default_path,
+        preserve_empty_path=preserve_empty_path,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class MultiHostUrlSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['multi-host-url']]
+    max_length: int
+    allowed_schemes: list[str]
+    host_required: bool  # default False
+    default_host: str
+    default_port: int
+    default_path: str
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def multi_host_url_schema(
+    *,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    allowed_schemes: list[str] | None = None,
+    host_required: bool | None = None,
+    default_host: str | None = None,
+    default_port: int | None = None,
+    default_path: str | None = None,
+    preserve_empty_path: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> MultiHostUrlSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a URL value with possibly multiple hosts, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.multi_host_url_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    print(v.validate_python('redis://localhost,0.0.0.0,127.0.0.1'))
+    #> redis://localhost,0.0.0.0,127.0.0.1
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        max_length: The maximum length of the URL
+        allowed_schemes: The allowed URL schemes
+        host_required: Whether the URL must have a host
+        default_host: The default host to use if the URL does not have a host
+        default_port: The default port to use if the URL does not have a port
+        default_path: The default path to use if the URL does not have a path
+        preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve an empty path or convert it to '/', default False
+        strict: Whether to use strict URL parsing
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='multi-host-url',
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
+        host_required=host_required,
+        default_host=default_host,
+        default_port=default_port,
+        default_path=default_path,
+        preserve_empty_path=preserve_empty_path,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DefinitionsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['definitions']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    definitions: Required[list[CoreSchema]]
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def definitions_schema(schema: CoreSchema, definitions: list[CoreSchema]) -> DefinitionsSchema:
+    """
+    Build a schema that contains both an inner schema and a list of definitions which can be used
+    within the inner schema.
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.definitions_schema(
+        core_schema.list_schema(core_schema.definition_reference_schema('foobar')),
+        [core_schema.int_schema(ref='foobar')],
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python([1, 2, '3']) == [1, 2, 3]
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The inner schema
+        definitions: List of definitions which can be referenced within inner schema
+    """
+    return DefinitionsSchema(type='definitions', schema=schema, definitions=definitions)
+
+
+class DefinitionReferenceSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['definition-ref']]
+    schema_ref: Required[str]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def definition_reference_schema(
+    schema_ref: str,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DefinitionReferenceSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that points to a schema stored in "definitions", this is useful for nested recursive
+    models and also when you want to define validators separately from the main schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema_definition = core_schema.definition_reference_schema('list-schema')
+    schema = core_schema.definitions_schema(
+        schema=schema_definition,
+        definitions=[
+            core_schema.list_schema(items_schema=schema_definition, ref='list-schema'),
+        ],
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python([()]) == [[]]
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema_ref: The schema ref to use for the definition reference schema
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='definition-ref', schema_ref=schema_ref, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+MYPY = False
+# See https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/14034 for details, in summary mypy is extremely slow to process this
+# union which kills performance not just for pydantic, but even for code using pydantic
+if not MYPY:
+    CoreSchema = Union[
+        InvalidSchema,
+        AnySchema,
+        NoneSchema,
+        BoolSchema,
+        IntSchema,
+        FloatSchema,
+        DecimalSchema,
+        StringSchema,
+        BytesSchema,
+        DateSchema,
+        TimeSchema,
+        DatetimeSchema,
+        TimedeltaSchema,
+        LiteralSchema,
+        MissingSentinelSchema,
+        EnumSchema,
+        IsInstanceSchema,
+        IsSubclassSchema,
+        CallableSchema,
+        ListSchema,
+        TupleSchema,
+        SetSchema,
+        FrozenSetSchema,
+        GeneratorSchema,
+        DictSchema,
+        AfterValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        WrapValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        PlainValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        WithDefaultSchema,
+        NullableSchema,
+        UnionSchema,
+        TaggedUnionSchema,
+        ChainSchema,
+        LaxOrStrictSchema,
+        JsonOrPythonSchema,
+        TypedDictSchema,
+        ModelFieldsSchema,
+        ModelSchema,
+        DataclassArgsSchema,
+        DataclassSchema,
+        ArgumentsSchema,
+        ArgumentsV3Schema,
+        CallSchema,
+        CustomErrorSchema,
+        JsonSchema,
+        UrlSchema,
+        MultiHostUrlSchema,
+        DefinitionsSchema,
+        DefinitionReferenceSchema,
+        UuidSchema,
+        ComplexSchema,
+    ]
+elif False:
+    CoreSchema: TypeAlias = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+
+# to update this, call `pytest -k test_core_schema_type_literal` and copy the output
+CoreSchemaType = Literal[
+    'invalid',
+    'any',
+    'none',
+    'bool',
+    'int',
+    'float',
+    'decimal',
+    'str',
+    'bytes',
+    'date',
+    'time',
+    'datetime',
+    'timedelta',
+    'literal',
+    'missing-sentinel',
+    'enum',
+    'is-instance',
+    'is-subclass',
+    'callable',
+    'list',
+    'tuple',
+    'set',
+    'frozenset',
+    'generator',
+    'dict',
+    'function-after',
+    'function-before',
+    'function-wrap',
+    'function-plain',
+    'default',
+    'nullable',
+    'union',
+    'tagged-union',
+    'chain',
+    'lax-or-strict',
+    'json-or-python',
+    'typed-dict',
+    'model-fields',
+    'model',
+    'dataclass-args',
+    'dataclass',
+    'arguments',
+    'arguments-v3',
+    'call',
+    'custom-error',
+    'json',
+    'url',
+    'multi-host-url',
+    'definitions',
+    'definition-ref',
+    'uuid',
+    'complex',
+]
+
+CoreSchemaFieldType = Literal['model-field', 'dataclass-field', 'typed-dict-field', 'computed-field']
+
+
+# used in _pydantic_core.pyi::PydanticKnownError
+# to update this, call `pytest -k test_all_errors` and copy the output
+ErrorType = Literal[
+    'no_such_attribute',
+    'json_invalid',
+    'json_type',
+    'needs_python_object',
+    'recursion_loop',
+    'missing',
+    'frozen_field',
+    'frozen_instance',
+    'extra_forbidden',
+    'invalid_key',
+    'get_attribute_error',
+    'model_type',
+    'model_attributes_type',
+    'dataclass_type',
+    'dataclass_exact_type',
+    'default_factory_not_called',
+    'none_required',
+    'greater_than',
+    'greater_than_equal',
+    'less_than',
+    'less_than_equal',
+    'multiple_of',
+    'finite_number',
+    'too_short',
+    'too_long',
+    'iterable_type',
+    'iteration_error',
+    'string_type',
+    'string_sub_type',
+    'string_unicode',
+    'string_too_short',
+    'string_too_long',
+    'string_pattern_mismatch',
+    'string_not_ascii',
+    'enum',
+    'dict_type',
+    'mapping_type',
+    'list_type',
+    'tuple_type',
+    'set_type',
+    'set_item_not_hashable',
+    'bool_type',
+    'bool_parsing',
+    'int_type',
+    'int_parsing',
+    'int_parsing_size',
+    'int_from_float',
+    'float_type',
+    'float_parsing',
+    'bytes_type',
+    'bytes_too_short',
+    'bytes_too_long',
+    'bytes_invalid_encoding',
+    'value_error',
+    'assertion_error',
+    'literal_error',
+    'missing_sentinel_error',
+    'date_type',
+    'date_parsing',
+    'date_from_datetime_parsing',
+    'date_from_datetime_inexact',
+    'date_past',
+    'date_future',
+    'time_type',
+    'time_parsing',
+    'datetime_type',
+    'datetime_parsing',
+    'datetime_object_invalid',
+    'datetime_from_date_parsing',
+    'datetime_past',
+    'datetime_future',
+    'timezone_naive',
+    'timezone_aware',
+    'timezone_offset',
+    'time_delta_type',
+    'time_delta_parsing',
+    'frozen_set_type',
+    'is_instance_of',
+    'is_subclass_of',
+    'callable_type',
+    'union_tag_invalid',
+    'union_tag_not_found',
+    'arguments_type',
+    'missing_argument',
+    'unexpected_keyword_argument',
+    'missing_keyword_only_argument',
+    'unexpected_positional_argument',
+    'missing_positional_only_argument',
+    'multiple_argument_values',
+    'url_type',
+    'url_parsing',
+    'url_syntax_violation',
+    'url_too_long',
+    'url_scheme',
+    'uuid_type',
+    'uuid_parsing',
+    'uuid_version',
+    'decimal_type',
+    'decimal_parsing',
+    'decimal_max_digits',
+    'decimal_max_places',
+    'decimal_whole_digits',
+    'complex_type',
+    'complex_str_parsing',
+]
+
+
+def _dict_not_none(**kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+
+def iter_union_choices(union_schema: UnionSchema) -> Generator[CoreSchema]:
+    """Iterate over the choices of a `'union'` schema."""
+    for choice in union_schema['choices']:
+        if isinstance(choice, tuple):
+            yield choice[0]
+        else:
+            yield choice
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# All this stuff is deprecated by #980 and will be removed eventually
+# They're kept because some code external code will be using them
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_before_validator_function(function: WithInfoValidatorFunction, field_name: str, schema: CoreSchema, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_before_validator_function(function, schema, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_before_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_before_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_after_validator_function(function: WithInfoValidatorFunction, field_name: str, schema: CoreSchema, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_after_validator_function(function, schema, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_after_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_after_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_wrap_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction, field_name: str, schema: CoreSchema, **kwargs
+):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_wrap_validator_function(function, schema, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_wrap_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_wrap_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_plain_validator_function(function: WithInfoValidatorFunction, field_name: str, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_plain_validator_function(function, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_plain_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_plain_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+_deprecated_import_lookup = {
+    'FieldValidationInfo': ValidationInfo,
+    'FieldValidatorFunction': WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    'GeneralValidatorFunction': WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    'FieldWrapValidatorFunction': WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+}
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    FieldValidationInfo = ValidationInfo
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr_name: str) -> object:
+    new_attr = _deprecated_import_lookup.get(attr_name)
+    if new_attr is None:
+        raise AttributeError(f"module 'pydantic_core' has no attribute '{attr_name}'")
+    else:
+        import warnings
+
+        msg = f'`{attr_name}` is deprecated, use `{new_attr.__name__}` instead.'
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return new_attr
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1af0ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,794 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: python-dotenv
+Version: 1.2.2
+Summary: Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables
+Author-email: Saurabh Kumar <me+github@saurabh-kumar.com>
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv
+Keywords: environment variables,deployments,settings,env,dotenv,configurations,python
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Systems Administration
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Provides-Extra: cli
+Requires-Dist: click>=5.0; extra == "cli"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+# python-dotenv
+
+[![Build Status][build_status_badge]][build_status_link]
+[![PyPI version][pypi_badge]][pypi_link]
+
+python-dotenv reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and can set them as
+environment variables. It helps in the development of applications following the
+[12-factor](https://12factor.net/) principles.
+
+- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
+- [Other Use Cases](#other-use-cases)
+  - [Load configuration without altering the environment](#load-configuration-without-altering-the-environment)
+  - [Parse configuration as a stream](#parse-configuration-as-a-stream)
+  - [Load .env files in IPython](#load-env-files-in-ipython)
+- [Command-line Interface](#command-line-interface)
+- [File format](#file-format)
+  - [Multiline values](#multiline-values)
+  - [Variable expansion](#variable-expansion)
+- [Related Projects](#related-projects)
+- [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
+
+## Getting Started
+
+```shell
+pip install python-dotenv
+```
+
+If your application takes its configuration from environment variables, like a
+12-factor application, launching it in development is not very practical because
+you have to set those environment variables yourself.
+
+To help you with that, you can add python-dotenv to your application to make it
+load the configuration from a `.env` file when it is present (e.g. in
+development) while remaining configurable via the environment:
+
+```python
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv()  # reads variables from a .env file and sets them in os.environ
+
+# Code of your application, which uses environment variables (e.g. from `os.environ` or
+# `os.getenv`) as if they came from the actual environment.
+```
+
+By default, `load_dotenv()` will:
+
+- Look for a `.env` file in the same directory as the Python script (or higher up the directory tree).
+- Read each key-value pair and add it to `os.environ`.
+- **Not override** existing environment variables (`override=False`). Pass `override=True` to override existing variables.
+
+To configure the development environment, add a `.env` in the root directory of
+your project:
+
+```
+.
+├── .env
+└── foo.py
+```
+
+The syntax of `.env` files supported by python-dotenv is similar to that of
+Bash:
+
+```bash
+# Development settings
+DOMAIN=example.org
+ADMIN_EMAIL=admin@${DOMAIN}
+ROOT_URL=${DOMAIN}/app
+```
+
+If you use variables in values, ensure they are surrounded with `{` and `}`,
+like `${DOMAIN}`, as bare variables such as `$DOMAIN` are not expanded.
+
+You will probably want to add `.env` to your `.gitignore`, especially if it
+contains secrets like a password.
+
+See the section "[File format](#file-format)" below for more information about what you can write in a `.env` file.
+
+## Other Use Cases
+
+### Load configuration without altering the environment
+
+The function `dotenv_values` works more or less the same way as `load_dotenv`,
+except it doesn't touch the environment, it just returns a `dict` with the
+values parsed from the `.env` file.
+
+```python
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+
+config = dotenv_values(".env")  # config = {"USER": "foo", "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"}
+```
+
+This notably enables advanced configuration management:
+
+```python
+import os
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+
+config = {
+    **dotenv_values(".env.shared"),  # load shared development variables
+    **dotenv_values(".env.secret"),  # load sensitive variables
+    **os.environ,  # override loaded values with environment variables
+}
+```
+
+### Parse configuration as a stream
+
+`load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` accept [streams][python_streams] via their
+`stream` argument. It is thus possible to load the variables from sources other
+than the filesystem (e.g. the network).
+
+```python
+from io import StringIO
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+config = StringIO("USER=foo\nEMAIL=foo@example.org")
+load_dotenv(stream=config)
+```
+
+### Load .env files in IPython
+
+You can use dotenv in IPython. By default, it will use `find_dotenv` to search for a
+`.env` file:
+
+```python
+%load_ext dotenv
+%dotenv
+```
+
+You can also specify a path:
+
+```python
+%dotenv relative/or/absolute/path/to/.env
+```
+
+Optional flags:
+
+- `-o` to override existing variables.
+- `-v` for increased verbosity.
+
+### Disable load_dotenv
+
+Set `PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED=1` to disable `load_dotenv()` from loading .env
+files or streams. Useful when you can't modify third-party package calls or in
+production.
+
+## Command-line Interface
+
+A CLI interface `dotenv` is also included, which helps you manipulate the `.env`
+file without manually opening it.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install "python-dotenv[cli]"
+$ dotenv set USER foo
+$ dotenv set EMAIL foo@example.org
+$ dotenv list
+USER=foo
+EMAIL=foo@example.org
+$ dotenv list --format=json
+{
+  "USER": "foo",
+  "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"
+}
+$ dotenv run -- python foo.py
+```
+
+Run `dotenv --help` for more information about the options and subcommands.
+
+## File format
+
+The format is not formally specified and still improves over time. That being
+said, `.env` files should mostly look like Bash files. Reading from FIFOs (named
+pipes) on Unix systems is also supported.
+
+Keys can be unquoted or single-quoted. Values can be unquoted, single- or
+double-quoted. Spaces before and after keys, equal signs, and values are
+ignored. Values can be followed by a comment. Lines can start with the `export`
+directive, which does not affect their interpretation.
+
+Allowed escape sequences:
+
+- in single-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`
+- in double-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`, `\"`, `\a`, `\b`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\v`
+
+### Multiline values
+
+It is possible for single- or double-quoted values to span multiple lines. The
+following examples are equivalent:
+
+```bash
+FOO="first line
+second line"
+```
+
+```bash
+FOO="first line\nsecond line"
+```
+
+### Variable without a value
+
+A variable can have no value:
+
+```bash
+FOO
+```
+
+It results in `dotenv_values` associating that variable name with the value
+`None` (e.g. `{"FOO": None}`. `load_dotenv`, on the other hand, simply ignores
+such variables.
+
+This shouldn't be confused with `FOO=`, in which case the variable is associated
+with the empty string.
+
+### Variable expansion
+
+python-dotenv can interpolate variables using POSIX variable expansion.
+
+With `load_dotenv(override=True)` or `dotenv_values()`, the value of a variable
+is the first of the values defined in the following list:
+
+- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
+- Value of that variable in the environment.
+- Default value, if provided.
+- Empty string.
+
+With `load_dotenv(override=False)`, the value of a variable is the first of the
+values defined in the following list:
+
+- Value of that variable in the environment.
+- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
+- Default value, if provided.
+- Empty string.
+
+## Related Projects
+
+- [environs](https://github.com/sloria/environs)
+- [Honcho](https://github.com/nickstenning/honcho)
+- [dump-env](https://github.com/sobolevn/dump-env)
+- [dynaconf](https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf)
+- [parse_it](https://github.com/naorlivne/parse_it)
+- [django-dotenv](https://github.com/jpadilla/django-dotenv)
+- [django-environ](https://github.com/joke2k/django-environ)
+- [python-decouple](https://github.com/HBNetwork/python-decouple)
+- [django-configuration](https://github.com/jezdez/django-configurations)
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+This project is currently maintained by [Saurabh Kumar][saurabh-homepage] and
+[Bertrand Bonnefoy-Claudet][gh-bbc2] and would not have been possible without
+the support of these [awesome people][contributors].
+
+[gh-bbc2]: https://github.com/bbc2
+[saurabh-homepage]: https://saurabh-kumar.com
+[pypi_link]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv
+[pypi_badge]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv.svg
+[python_streams]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html
+[contributors]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/graphs/contributors
+[build_status_link]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml
+[build_status_badge]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/), and this
+project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [v1.2.2] - 2026-03-01
+
+### Added
+
+- Support for Python 3.14, including the free-threaded (3.14t) build. (#)
+
+### Changed
+
+- The `dotenv run` command now forwards flags directly to the specified command by [@bbc2] in [#607]
+- Improved documentation clarity regarding override behavior and the reference page.
+- Updated PyPy support to version 3.11.
+- Documentation for FIFO file support.
+- Dropped Support for Python 3.9.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Improved `set_key` and `unset_key` behavior when interacting with symlinks by [@bbc2] in [#790c5](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311)
+- Corrected the license specifier and added missing Python 3.14 classifiers in package metadata by [@JYOuyang] in [#590]
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+- `dotenv.set_key` and `dotenv.unset_key` used to follow symlinks in some
+  situations. This is no longer the case. For that behavior to be restored in
+  all cases, `follow_symlinks=True` should be used.
+
+- In the CLI, `set` and `unset` used to follow symlinks in some situations. This
+  is no longer the case.
+
+- `dotenv.set_key`, `dotenv.unset_key` and the CLI commands `set` and `unset`
+  used to reset the file mode of the modified .env file to `0o600` in some
+  situations. This is no longer the case: The original mode of the file is now
+  preserved. Is the file needed to be created or wasn't a regular file, mode
+  `0o600` is used.
+
+## [1.2.1] - 2025-10-26
+
+- Move more config to `pyproject.toml`, removed `setup.cfg`
+- Add support for reading `.env` from FIFOs (Unix) by [@sidharth-sudhir] in [#586]
+
+## [1.2.0] - 2025-10-26
+
+- Upgrade build system to use PEP 517 & PEP 518 to use `build` and `pyproject.toml` by [@EpicWink] in [#583]
+- Add support for Python 3.14 by [@23f3001135] in [#579](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/pull/563)
+- Add support for disabling of `load_dotenv()` using `PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED` env var. by [@matthewfranglen] in [#569]
+
+## [1.1.1] - 2025-06-24
+
+### Fixed
+
+- CLI: Ensure `find_dotenv` work reliably on python 3.13 by [@theskumar] in [#563](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/pull/563)
+- CLI: revert the use of execvpe on Windows by [@wrongontheinternet] in [#566](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/pull/566)
+
+## [1.1.0] - 2025-03-25
+
+**Feature**
+
+- Add support for python 3.13
+- Enhance `dotenv run`, switch to `execvpe` for better resource management and signal handling ([#523]) by [@eekstunt]
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- `find_dotenv` and `load_dotenv` now correctly looks up at the current directory when running in debugger or pdb ([#553] by [@randomseed42])
+
+**Misc**
+
+- Drop support for Python 3.8
+
+## [1.0.1] - 2024-01-23
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Gracefully handle code which has been imported from a zipfile ([#456] by [@samwyma])
+- Allow modules using `load_dotenv` to be reloaded when launched in a separate thread ([#497] by [@freddyaboulton])
+- Fix file not closed after deletion, handle error in the rewrite function ([#469] by [@Qwerty-133])
+
+**Misc**
+
+- Use pathlib.Path in tests ([#466] by [@eumiro])
+- Fix year in release date in changelog.md ([#454] by [@jankislinger])
+- Use https in README links ([#474] by [@Nicals])
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2023-02-24
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Drop support for python 3.7, add python 3.12-dev (#449 by [@theskumar])
+- Handle situations where the cwd does not exist. (#446 by [@jctanner])
+
+## [0.21.1] - 2023-01-21
+
+**Added**
+
+- Use Python 3.11 non-beta in CI (#438 by [@bbc2])
+- Modernize variables code (#434 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+- Modernize main.py and parser.py code (#435 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+- Improve conciseness of cli.py and **init**.py (#439 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+- Improve error message for `get` and `list` commands when env file can't be opened (#441 by [@bbc2])
+- Updated License to align with BSD OSI template (#433 by [@lsmith77])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix Out-of-scope error when "dest" variable is undefined (#413 by [@theGOTOguy])
+- Fix IPython test warning about deprecated `magic` (#440 by [@bbc2])
+- Fix type hint for dotenv_path var, add StrPath alias (#432 by [@eaf])
+
+## [0.21.0] - 2022-09-03
+
+**Added**
+
+- CLI: add support for invocations via 'python -m'. (#395 by [@theskumar])
+- `load_dotenv` function now returns `False`. (#388 by [@larsks])
+- CLI: add --format= option to list command. (#407 by [@sammck])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Drop Python 3.5 and 3.6 and upgrade GA (#393 by [@eggplants])
+- Use `open` instead of `io.open`. (#389 by [@rabinadk1])
+- Improve documentation for variables without a value (#390 by [@bbc2])
+- Add `parse_it` to Related Projects (#410 by [@naorlivne])
+- Update README.md (#415 by [@harveer07])
+- Improve documentation with direct use of MkDocs (#398 by [@bbc2])
+
+## [0.20.0] - 2022-03-24
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `encoding` (`Optional[str]`) parameter to `get_key`, `set_key` and `unset_key`.
+  (#379 by [@bbc2])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Use dict to specify the `entry_points` parameter of `setuptools.setup` (#376 by
+  [@mgorny]).
+- Don't build universal wheels (#387 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.19.2] - 2021-11-11
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- In `set_key`, add missing newline character before new entry if necessary. (#361 by
+  [@bbc2])
+
+## [0.19.1] - 2021-08-09
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add support for Python 3.10. (#359 by [@theskumar])
+
+## [0.19.0] - 2021-07-24
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Require Python 3.5 or a later version. Python 2 and 3.4 are no longer supported. (#341
+  by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Added**
+
+- The `dotenv_path` argument of `set_key` and `unset_key` now has a type of `Union[str,
+os.PathLike]` instead of just `os.PathLike` (#347 by [@bbc2]).
+- The `stream` argument of `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` can now be a text stream
+  (`IO[str]`), which includes values like `io.StringIO("foo")` and `open("file.env",
+"r")` (#348 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.18.0] - 2021-06-20
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Raise `ValueError` if `quote_mode` isn't one of `always`, `auto` or `never` in
+  `set_key` (#330 by [@bbc2]).
+- When writing a value to a .env file with `set_key` or `dotenv set <key> <value>` (#330
+  by [@bbc2]):
+  - Use single quotes instead of double quotes.
+  - Don't strip surrounding quotes.
+  - In `auto` mode, don't add quotes if the value is only made of alphanumeric characters
+    (as determined by `string.isalnum`).
+
+## [0.17.1] - 2021-04-29
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fixed tests for build environments relying on `PYTHONPATH` (#318 by [@befeleme]).
+
+## [0.17.0] - 2021-04-02
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Make `dotenv get <key>` only show the value, not `key=value` (#313 by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `--override`/`--no-override` option to `dotenv run` (#312 by [@zueve] and [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.16.0] - 2021-03-27
+
+**Changed**
+
+- The default value of the `encoding` parameter for `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` is
+  now `"utf-8"` instead of `None` (#306 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix resolution order in variable expansion with `override=False` (#287 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.15.0] - 2020-10-28
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `--export` option to `set` to make it prepend the binding with `export` (#270 by
+  [@jadutter]).
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Make `set` command create the `.env` file in the current directory if no `.env` file was
+  found (#270 by [@jadutter]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix potentially empty expanded value for duplicate key (#260 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix import error on Python 3.5.0 and 3.5.1 (#267 by [@gongqingkui]).
+- Fix parsing of unquoted values containing several adjacent space or tab characters
+  (#277 by [@bbc2], review by [@x-yuri]).
+
+## [0.14.0] - 2020-07-03
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Privilege definition in file over the environment in variable expansion (#256 by
+  [@elbehery95]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Improve error message for when file isn't found (#245 by [@snobu]).
+- Use HTTPS URL in package meta data (#251 by [@ekohl]).
+
+## [0.13.0] - 2020-04-16
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add support for a Bash-like default value in variable expansion (#248 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.12.0] - 2020-02-28
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Use current working directory to find `.env` when bundled by PyInstaller (#213 by
+  [@gergelyk]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix escaping of quoted values written by `set_key` (#236 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix `dotenv run` crashing on environment variables without values (#237 by [@yannham]).
+- Remove warning when last line is empty (#238 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.11.0] - 2020-02-07
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `interpolate` argument to `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to disable interpolation
+  (#232 by [@ulyssessouza]).
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Use logging instead of warnings (#231 by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix installation in non-UTF-8 environments (#225 by [@altendky]).
+- Fix PyPI classifiers (#228 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.10.5] - 2020-01-19
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix handling of malformed lines and lines without a value (#222 by [@bbc2]):
+  - Don't print warning when key has no value.
+  - Reject more malformed lines (e.g. "A: B", "a='b',c").
+- Fix handling of lines with just a comment (#224 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.10.4] - 2020-01-17
+
+**Added**
+
+- Make typing optional (#179 by [@techalchemy]).
+- Print a warning on malformed line (#211 by [@bbc2]).
+- Support keys without a value (#220 by [@ulyssessouza]).
+
+## 0.10.3
+
+- Improve interactive mode detection ([@andrewsmith])([#183]).
+- Refactor parser to fix parsing inconsistencies ([@bbc2])([#170]).
+  - Interpret escapes as control characters only in double-quoted strings.
+  - Interpret `#` as start of comment only if preceded by whitespace.
+
+## 0.10.2
+
+- Add type hints and expose them to users ([@qnighy])([#172])
+- `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` now accept an `encoding` parameter, defaults to `None`
+  ([@theskumar])([@earlbread])([#161])
+- Fix `str`/`unicode` inconsistency in Python 2: values are always `str` now. ([@bbc2])([#121])
+- Fix Unicode error in Python 2, introduced in 0.10.0. ([@bbc2])([#176])
+
+## 0.10.1
+
+- Fix parsing of variable without a value ([@asyncee])([@bbc2])([#158])
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+- Add support for UTF-8 in unquoted values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add support for trailing comments ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add backslashes support in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add support for newlines in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Force environment variables to str with Python2 on Windows ([@greyli])
+- Drop Python 3.3 support ([@greyli])
+- Fix stderr/-out/-in redirection ([@venthur])
+
+## 0.9.0
+
+- Add `--version` parameter to cli ([@venthur])
+- Enable loading from current directory ([@cjauvin])
+- Add 'dotenv run' command for calling arbitrary shell script with .env ([@venthur])
+
+## 0.8.1
+
+- Add tests for docs ([@Flimm])
+- Make 'cli' support optional. Use `pip install python-dotenv[cli]`. ([@theskumar])
+
+## 0.8.0
+
+- `set_key` and `unset_key` only modified the affected file instead of
+  parsing and re-writing file, this causes comments and other file
+  entact as it is.
+- Add support for `export` prefix in the line.
+- Internal refractoring ([@theskumar])
+- Allow `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to work with `StringIO())` ([@alanjds])([@theskumar])([#78])
+
+## 0.7.1
+
+- Remove hard dependency on iPython ([@theskumar])
+
+## 0.7.0
+
+- Add support to override system environment variable via .env.
+  ([@milonimrod](https://github.com/milonimrod))
+  ([\#63](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/63))
+- Disable ".env not found" warning by default
+  ([@maxkoryukov](https://github.com/maxkoryukov))
+  ([\#57](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/57))
+
+## 0.6.5
+
+- Add support for special characters `\`.
+  ([@pjona](https://github.com/pjona))
+  ([\#60](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/60))
+
+## 0.6.4
+
+- Fix issue with single quotes ([@Flimm])
+  ([\#52](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/52))
+
+## 0.6.3
+
+- Handle unicode exception in setup.py
+  ([\#46](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/46))
+
+## 0.6.2
+
+- Fix dotenv list command ([@ticosax](https://github.com/ticosax))
+- Add iPython Support
+  ([@tillahoffmann](https://github.com/tillahoffmann))
+
+## 0.6.0
+
+- Drop support for Python 2.6
+- Handle escaped characters and newlines in quoted values. (Thanks
+  [@iameugenejo](https://github.com/iameugenejo))
+- Remove any spaces around unquoted key/value. (Thanks
+  [@paulochf](https://github.com/paulochf))
+- Added POSIX variable expansion. (Thanks
+  [@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla))
+
+## 0.5.1
+
+- Fix `find_dotenv` - it now start search from the file where this
+  function is called from.
+
+## 0.5.0
+
+- Add `find_dotenv` method that will try to find a `.env` file.
+  (Thanks [@isms](https://github.com/isms))
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+- cli: Added `-q/--quote` option to control the behaviour of quotes
+  around values in `.env`. (Thanks
+  [@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla)).
+- Improved test coverage.
+
+<!-- PR LINKS -->
+
+[#78]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/78
+[#121]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/121
+[#148]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/148
+[#158]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/158
+[#170]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/170
+[#172]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/172
+[#176]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/176
+[#183]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/183
+[#359]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/359
+[#469]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/469
+[#456]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/456
+[#466]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/466
+[#454]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/454
+[#474]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/474
+[#523]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/523
+[#553]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/553
+[#569]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/569
+[#583]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/583
+[#586]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/586
+[#590]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/590
+[#607]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/607
+
+<!-- contributors -->
+
+[@23f3001135]: https://github.com/23f3001135
+[@EpicWink]: https://github.com/EpicWink
+[@Flimm]: https://github.com/Flimm
+[@Nicals]: https://github.com/Nicals
+[@Nougat-Waffle]: https://github.com/Nougat-Waffle
+[@Qwerty-133]: https://github.com/Qwerty-133
+[@alanjds]: https://github.com/alanjds
+[@altendky]: https://github.com/altendky
+[@andrewsmith]: https://github.com/andrewsmith
+[@asyncee]: https://github.com/asyncee
+[@bbc2]: https://github.com/bbc2
+[@befeleme]: https://github.com/befeleme
+[@cjauvin]: https://github.com/cjauvin
+[@eaf]: https://github.com/eaf
+[@earlbread]: https://github.com/earlbread
+[@eekstunt]: https://github.com/eekstunt
+[@eggplants]: https://github.com/@eggplants
+[@ekohl]: https://github.com/ekohl
+[@elbehery95]: https://github.com/elbehery95
+[@eumiro]: https://github.com/eumiro
+[@freddyaboulton]: https://github.com/freddyaboulton
+[@gergelyk]: https://github.com/gergelyk
+[@gongqingkui]: https://github.com/gongqingkui
+[@greyli]: https://github.com/greyli
+[@harveer07]: https://github.com/@harveer07
+[@jadutter]: https://github.com/jadutter
+[@jankislinger]: https://github.com/jankislinger
+[@jctanner]: https://github.com/jctanner
+[@larsks]: https://github.com/@larsks
+[@lsmith77]: https://github.com/lsmith77
+[@matthewfranglen]: https://github.com/matthewfranglen
+[@mgorny]: https://github.com/mgorny
+[@naorlivne]: https://github.com/@naorlivne
+[@qnighy]: https://github.com/qnighy
+[@rabinadk1]: https://github.com/@rabinadk1
+[@randomseed42]: https://github.com/zueve
+[@sammck]: https://github.com/@sammck
+[@samwyma]: https://github.com/samwyma
+[@sidharth-sudhir]: https://github.com/sidharth-sudhir
+[@snobu]: https://github.com/snobu
+[@techalchemy]: https://github.com/techalchemy
+[@theGOTOguy]: https://github.com/theGOTOguy
+[@theskumar]: https://github.com/theskumar
+[@ulyssessouza]: https://github.com/ulyssessouza
+[@venthur]: https://github.com/venthur
+[@wrongontheinternet]: https://github.com/wrongontheinternet
+[@x-yuri]: https://github.com/x-yuri
+[@yannham]: https://github.com/yannham
+[@zueve]: https://github.com/zueve
+[@JYOuyang]: https://github.com/JYOuyang
+[@burnout-projects]: https://github.com/burnout-projects
+[@cpackham-atlnz]: https://github.com/cpackham-atlnz
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.2.2...HEAD
+[1.2.2]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.2.1...v1.2.2
+[1.2.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.2.0...v1.2.1
+[1.2.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.1.1...v1.2.0
+[1.1.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.1.0...v1.1.1
+[1.1.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.1...v1.1.0
+[1.0.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.0...v1.0.1
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v1.0.0
+[0.21.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v0.21.1
+[0.21.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.20.0...v0.21.0
+[0.20.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.2...v0.20.0
+[0.19.2]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.1...v0.19.2
+[0.19.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.0...v0.19.1
+[0.19.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.18.0...v0.19.0
+[0.18.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.1...v0.18.0
+[0.17.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.0...v0.17.1
+[0.17.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.16.0...v0.17.0
+[0.16.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.15.0...v0.16.0
+[0.15.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.14.0...v0.15.0
+[0.14.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.13.0...v0.14.0
+[0.13.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.12.0...v0.13.0
+[0.12.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.11.0...v0.12.0
+[0.11.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.5...v0.11.0
+[0.10.5]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.4...v0.10.5
+[0.10.4]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.3...v0.10.4
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8e0eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+../../../bin/dotenv,sha256=pijpFVRITnzz7rPAgabBc4hmclXBBuxt9QXf9QE7SIM,262
+dotenv/__init__.py,sha256=bhY-iK6wwHZamWII6eSCuCAWXUNdn2TQFmEOuXSU7SM,1230
+dotenv/__main__.py,sha256=N0RhLG7nHIqtlJHwwepIo-zbJPNx9sewCCRGY528h_4,129
+dotenv/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/ipython.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+dotenv/main.py,sha256=p9mexbu8E1sit8uBwPKSzjKkYOrIJE51AsTLiS5Fd4o,14683
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+python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=gGGbcEnwjIFoOtDgHwjyV6hAZS3XHugxRtNmWMfSwrk,1556
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef5583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a86823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+dotenv = dotenv.__main__:cli
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a97119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, Saurabh Kumar (python-dotenv), 2013, Ted Tieken (django-dotenv-rw), 2013, Jacob Kaplan-Moss (django-dotenv)
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+- Neither the name of django-dotenv nor the names of its contributors
+  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe7c01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+dotenv
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00853e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: python-multipart
+Version: 0.0.32
+Summary: A streaming multipart parser for Python
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://kludex.github.io/python-multipart/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart
+Author-email: Andrew Dunham <andrew@du.nham.ca>
+Maintainer-email: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: Apache-2.0
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# [Python-Multipart](https://kludex.github.io/python-multipart/)
+
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/python-multipart.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-multipart)
+[![Supported Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/python-multipart.svg?color=%2334D058)](https://pypi.org/project/python-multipart)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1051468649518616576?logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&color=7389D8&labelColor=6A7EC2)](https://discord.gg/RxKUF5JuHs)
+
+---
+
+`python-multipart` is an Apache2-licensed streaming multipart parser for Python.
+Test coverage is currently 100%.
+
+## Why?
+
+Because streaming uploads are awesome for large files.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
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index 0000000..bd84226
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+Generator: hatchling 1.30.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d645695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b60cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Copyright 2012, Andrew Dunham
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+__version__ = "0.0.32"
+
+from .multipart import (
+    BaseParser,
+    FormParser,
+    MultipartParser,
+    OctetStreamParser,
+    QuerystringParser,
+    create_form_parser,
+    parse_form,
+)
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BaseParser",
+    "FormParser",
+    "MultipartParser",
+    "OctetStreamParser",
+    "QuerystringParser",
+    "create_form_parser",
+    "parse_form",
+)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/decoders.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/decoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4cdfb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+import base64
+import binascii
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .exceptions import DecodeError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Protocol, TypeVar
+
+    _T_contra = TypeVar("_T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+    class SupportsWrite(Protocol[_T_contra]):
+        def write(self, __b: _T_contra) -> object: ...
+
+        # No way to specify optional methods. See
+        # https://github.com/python/typing/issues/601
+        # close() [Optional]
+        # finalize() [Optional]
+
+
+class Base64Decoder:
+    """This object provides an interface to decode a stream of Base64 data.  It
+    is instantiated with an "underlying object", and whenever a write()
+    operation is performed, it will decode the incoming data as Base64, and
+    call write() on the underlying object.  This is primarily used for decoding
+    form data encoded as Base64, but can be used for other purposes::
+
+        from python_multipart.decoders import Base64Decoder
+        fd = open("notb64.txt", "wb")
+        decoder = Base64Decoder(fd)
+        try:
+            decoder.write("Zm9vYmFy")       # "foobar" in Base64
+            decoder.finalize()
+        finally:
+            decoder.close()
+
+        # The contents of "notb64.txt" should be "foobar".
+
+    This object will also pass all finalize() and close() calls to the
+    underlying object, if the underlying object supports them.
+
+    Note that this class maintains a cache of base64 chunks, so that a write of
+    arbitrary size can be performed.  You must call :meth:`finalize` on this
+    object after all writes are completed to ensure that all data is flushed
+    to the underlying object.
+
+    :param underlying: the underlying object to pass writes to
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, underlying: "SupportsWrite[bytes]") -> None:
+        self.cache = bytearray()
+        self.underlying = underlying
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Takes any input data provided, decodes it as base64, and passes it
+        on to the underlying object.  If the data provided is invalid base64
+        data, then this method will raise
+        a :class:`python_multipart.exceptions.DecodeError`
+
+        :param data: base64 data to decode
+        """
+
+        # Prepend any cache info to our data.
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:
+            data = bytes(self.cache) + data
+
+        # Slice off a string that's a multiple of 4.
+        decode_len = (len(data) // 4) * 4
+        val = data[:decode_len]
+
+        # Decode and write, if we have any.
+        if len(val) > 0:
+            try:
+                decoded = base64.b64decode(val)
+            except binascii.Error:
+                raise DecodeError("There was an error raised while decoding base64-encoded data.")
+
+            self.underlying.write(decoded)
+
+        # Get the remaining bytes and save in our cache.
+        remaining_len = len(data) % 4
+        if remaining_len > 0:
+            self.cache[:] = data[-remaining_len:]
+        else:
+            self.cache[:] = b""
+
+        # Return the length of the data to indicate no error.
+        return len(data)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close this decoder.  If the underlying object has a `close()`
+        method, this function will call it.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "close"):
+            self.underlying.close()
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this object.  This should be called when no more data
+        should be written to the stream.  This function can raise a
+        :class:`python_multipart.exceptions.DecodeError` if there is some remaining
+        data in the cache.
+
+        If the underlying object has a `finalize()` method, this function will
+        call it.
+        """
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:
+            raise DecodeError(
+                "There are %d bytes remaining in the Base64Decoder cache when finalize() is called" % len(self.cache)
+            )
+
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "finalize"):
+            self.underlying.finalize()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(underlying={self.underlying!r})"
+
+
+class QuotedPrintableDecoder:
+    """This object provides an interface to decode a stream of quoted-printable
+    data.  It is instantiated with an "underlying object", in the same manner
+    as the :class:`python_multipart.decoders.Base64Decoder` class.  This class behaves
+    in exactly the same way, including maintaining a cache of quoted-printable
+    chunks.
+
+    :param underlying: the underlying object to pass writes to
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, underlying: "SupportsWrite[bytes]") -> None:
+        self.cache = b""
+        self.underlying = underlying
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Takes any input data provided, decodes it as quoted-printable, and
+        passes it on to the underlying object.
+
+        :param data: quoted-printable data to decode
+        """
+        # Prepend any cache info to our data.
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:
+            data = self.cache + data
+
+        # If the last 2 characters have an '=' sign in it, then we won't be
+        # able to decode the encoded value and we'll need to save it for the
+        # next decoding step.
+        if data[-2:].find(b"=") != -1:
+            enc, rest = data[:-2], data[-2:]
+        else:
+            enc = data
+            rest = b""
+
+        # Encode and write, if we have data.
+        if len(enc) > 0:
+            self.underlying.write(binascii.a2b_qp(enc))
+
+        # Save remaining in cache.
+        self.cache = rest
+        return len(data)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close this decoder.  If the underlying object has a `close()`
+        method, this function will call it.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "close"):
+            self.underlying.close()
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this object.  This should be called when no more data
+        should be written to the stream.  This function will not raise any
+        exceptions, but it may write more data to the underlying object if
+        there is data remaining in the cache.
+
+        If the underlying object has a `finalize()` method, this function will
+        call it.
+        """
+        # If we have a cache, write and then remove it.
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.underlying.write(binascii.a2b_qp(self.cache))
+            self.cache = b""
+
+        # Finalize our underlying stream.
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "finalize"):
+            self.underlying.finalize()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(underlying={self.underlying!r})"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e7df21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class FormParserError(ValueError):
+    """Base error class for our form parser."""
+
+
+class ParseError(FormParserError):
+    """This exception (or a subclass) is raised when there is an error while
+    parsing something.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, offset: int = -1) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.offset = offset
+
+
+class MultipartParseError(ParseError):
+    """This is a specific error that is raised when the MultipartParser detects
+    an error while parsing.
+    """
+
+
+class QuerystringParseError(ParseError):
+    """This is a specific error that is raised when the QuerystringParser
+    detects an error while parsing.
+    """
+
+
+class DecodeError(ParseError):
+    """This exception is raised when there is a decoding error - for example
+    with the Base64Decoder or QuotedPrintableDecoder.
+    """
+
+
+class FileError(FormParserError, OSError):
+    """Exception class for problems with the File class."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/multipart.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887cf60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1925 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from enum import IntEnum
+from io import BufferedRandom, BytesIO
+from numbers import Number
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
+
+from .decoders import Base64Decoder, QuotedPrintableDecoder
+from .exceptions import FileError, FormParserError, MultipartParseError, QuerystringParseError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol, TypeAlias, TypedDict
+
+    class SupportsRead(Protocol):
+        def read(self, __n: int) -> bytes: ...
+
+    class QuerystringCallbacks(TypedDict, total=False):
+        on_field_start: Callable[[], None]
+        on_field_name: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_field_data: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_field_end: Callable[[], None]
+        on_end: Callable[[], None]
+
+    class OctetStreamCallbacks(TypedDict, total=False):
+        on_start: Callable[[], None]
+        on_data: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_end: Callable[[], None]
+
+    class MultipartCallbacks(TypedDict, total=False):
+        on_part_begin: Callable[[], None]
+        on_part_data: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_part_end: Callable[[], None]
+        on_header_begin: Callable[[], None]
+        on_header_field: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_header_value: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_header_end: Callable[[], None]
+        on_headers_finished: Callable[[], None]
+        on_end: Callable[[], None]
+
+    class FileConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
+        UPLOAD_DIR: str | bytes | None
+        UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP: bool
+        UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME: bool
+        UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS: bool
+        MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE: int
+
+    class FormParserConfig(FileConfig):
+        UPLOAD_ERROR_ON_BAD_CTE: bool
+        MAX_BODY_SIZE: float
+        MAX_HEADER_COUNT: int
+        MAX_HEADER_SIZE: int
+
+    CallbackName: TypeAlias = Literal[
+        "start",
+        "data",
+        "end",
+        "field_start",
+        "field_name",
+        "field_data",
+        "field_end",
+        "part_begin",
+        "part_data",
+        "part_end",
+        "header_begin",
+        "header_field",
+        "header_value",
+        "header_end",
+        "headers_finished",
+    ]
+
+# Unique missing object.
+_missing = object()
+
+
+class QuerystringState(IntEnum):
+    """Querystring parser states.
+
+    These are used to keep track of the state of the parser, and are used to determine
+    what to do when new data is encountered.
+    """
+
+    BEFORE_FIELD = 0
+    FIELD_NAME = 1
+    FIELD_DATA = 2
+
+
+class MultipartState(IntEnum):
+    """Multipart parser states.
+
+    These are used to keep track of the state of the parser, and are used to determine
+    what to do when new data is encountered.
+    """
+
+    START = 0
+    START_BOUNDARY = 1
+    HEADER_FIELD_START = 2
+    HEADER_FIELD = 3
+    HEADER_VALUE_START = 4
+    HEADER_VALUE = 5
+    HEADER_VALUE_ALMOST_DONE = 6
+    HEADERS_ALMOST_DONE = 7
+    PART_DATA_START = 8
+    PART_DATA = 9
+    PART_DATA_END = 10
+    END_BOUNDARY = 11
+    END = 12
+
+
+# Flags for the multipart parser.
+FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY = 1
+FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY = 2
+
+# Get constants.  Since iterating over a str on Python 2 gives you a 1-length
+# string, but iterating over a bytes object on Python 3 gives you an integer,
+# we need to save these constants.
+CR = b"\r"[0]
+LF = b"\n"[0]
+COLON = b":"[0]
+SPACE = b" "[0]
+HYPHEN = b"-"[0]
+AMPERSAND = b"&"[0]
+LOWER_A = b"a"[0]
+LOWER_Z = b"z"[0]
+NULL = b"\x00"[0]
+
+# fmt: off
+# Mask for ASCII characters that can be http tokens.
+# Per RFC7230 - 3.2.6, this is all alpha-numeric characters
+# and these: !#$%&'*+-.^_`|~
+TOKEN_CHARS = (
+    b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    b"0123456789"
+    b"!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~")
+TOKEN_CHARS_SET = frozenset(TOKEN_CHARS)
+# fmt: on
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_COUNT = 8
+"""Default maximum number of headers allowed per multipart part."""
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 4096 + 128
+"""Default maximum size of a single multipart header line, including syntax overhead."""
+
+MAX_BOUNDARY_LENGTH = 256
+"""Maximum allowed length of a multipart boundary.
+
+[RFC 2046 §5.1.1](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2046#section-5.1.1)
+recommends boundaries be at most 70 bytes. 256 bytes is generous headroom over
+every HTTP client.
+"""
+
+
+def _parseparam(s: str) -> list[str]:
+    # Vendored from the standard library's
+    # [`email.message._parseparam`](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.14.2/Lib/email/message.py#L73-L96)
+    # to split a header into its `;`-separated parts without treating a `;` inside a double-quoted string as a
+    # separator - and without the RFC 2231 decoding that `email.message.Message.get_params` would apply on top.
+    s = ";" + s
+    plist: list[str] = []
+    start = 0
+    while s.find(";", start) == start:
+        start += 1
+        end = s.find(";", start)
+        ind, diff = start, 0
+        while end > 0:
+            diff += s.count('"', ind, end) - s.count('\\"', ind, end)
+            if diff % 2 == 0:
+                break
+            end, ind = ind, s.find(";", end + 1)
+        if end < 0:
+            end = len(s)
+        i = s.find("=", start, end)
+        if i == -1:
+            f = s[start:end]
+        else:
+            f = s[start:i].rstrip().lower() + "=" + s[i + 1 : end].lstrip()
+        plist.append(f.strip())
+        start = end
+    return plist
+
+
+def parse_options_header(value: str | bytes | None) -> tuple[bytes, dict[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """Parses a Content-Type header into a value in the following format: (content_type, {parameters})."""
+    if not value:
+        return (b"", {})
+
+    # If we are passed bytes, we assume that it conforms to WSGI, encoding in latin-1.
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):  # pragma: no cover
+        value = value.decode("latin-1")
+
+    # For types
+    assert isinstance(value, str), "Value should be a string by now"
+
+    # If we have no options, return the string as-is.
+    if ";" not in value:
+        return (value.lower().strip().encode("latin-1"), {})
+
+    ctype, *segments = _parseparam(value)
+    options: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
+    for segment in segments:
+        key, _, val = segment.partition("=")
+        # [RFC 7578 §4.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2)
+        # forbids the RFC 5987/2231 extended syntax (`key*=`, `key*0`, ...) in
+        # multipart/form-data, so we ignore those parameters and keep the plain
+        # `key` authoritative.
+        if "*" in key:
+            continue
+        if len(val) >= 2 and val[0] == '"' and val[-1] == '"':
+            val = val[1:-1].replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"')
+        # Work around an IE6 bug where the full file path is sent instead of
+        # just the filename.
+        if key == "filename" and (val[1:3] == ":\\" or val[:2] == "\\\\"):
+            val = val.split("\\")[-1]
+        options[key.encode("latin-1")] = val.encode("latin-1")
+    return ctype.encode("latin-1"), options
+
+
+class Field:
+    """A Field object represents a (parsed) form field.  It represents a single
+    field with a corresponding name and value.
+
+    The name that a :class:`Field` will be instantiated with is the same name
+    that would be found in the following HTML::
+
+        <input name="name_goes_here" type="text"/>
+
+    This class defines two methods, :meth:`on_data` and :meth:`on_end`, that
+    will be called when data is written to the Field, and when the Field is
+    finalized, respectively.
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name of the form field.
+        content_type: The value of the Content-Type header for this field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: bytes | None, *, content_type: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+        self._value: list[bytes] = []
+        self._content_type = content_type
+
+        # We cache the joined version of _value for speed.
+        self._cache = _missing
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, name: bytes, value: bytes | None) -> Field:
+        """Create an instance of a :class:`Field`, and set the corresponding
+        value - either None or an actual value.  This method will also
+        finalize the Field itself.
+
+        Args:
+            name: the name of the form field.
+            value: the value of the form field - either a bytestring or None.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new instance of a [`Field`][python_multipart.Field].
+        """
+
+        f = cls(name)
+        if value is None:
+            f.set_none()
+        else:
+            f.write(value)
+        f.finalize()
+        return f
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data into the form field.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the field.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        return self.on_data(data)
+
+    def on_data(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """This method is a callback that will be called whenever data is
+        written to the Field.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the field.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        self._value.append(data)
+        self._cache = _missing
+        return len(data)
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        """This method is called whenever the Field is finalized."""
+        if self._cache is _missing:
+            self._cache = b"".join(self._value)
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize the form field."""
+        self.on_end()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the Field object.  This will free any underlying cache."""
+        # Free our value array.
+        if self._cache is _missing:
+            self._cache = b"".join(self._value)
+
+        del self._value
+
+    def set_none(self) -> None:
+        """Some fields in a querystring can possibly have a value of None - for
+        example, the string "foo&bar=&baz=asdf" will have a field with the
+        name "foo" and value None, one with name "bar" and value "", and one
+        with name "baz" and value "asdf".  Since the write() interface doesn't
+        support writing None, this function will set the field value to None.
+        """
+        self._cache = None
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """This property returns the name of the field."""
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """This property returns the value of the form field."""
+        if self._cache is _missing:
+            self._cache = b"".join(self._value)
+
+        assert isinstance(self._cache, bytes) or self._cache is None
+        return self._cache
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        """This property returns the content_type value of the field."""
+        return self._content_type
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, Field):
+            return self.field_name == other.field_name and self.value == other.value
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.value is not None and len(self.value) > 97:
+            # We get the repr, and then insert three dots before the final
+            # quote.
+            v = repr(self.value[:97])[:-1] + "...'"
+        else:
+            v = repr(self.value)
+
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(field_name={self.field_name!r}, value={v})"
+
+
+class File:
+    """This class represents an uploaded file.  It handles writing file data to
+    either an in-memory file or a temporary file on-disk, if the optional
+    threshold is passed.
+
+    There are some options that can be passed to the File to change behavior
+    of the class.  Valid options are as follows:
+
+    | Name                  | Type  | Default | Description |
+    |-----------------------|-------|---------|-------------|
+    | UPLOAD_DIR            | `str` | None    | The directory to store uploaded files in. If this is None, a temporary file will be created in the system's standard location. |
+    | UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP     | `bool`| True    | Delete automatically created TMP file |
+    | UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME  | `bool`| False   | Whether or not to keep the filename of the uploaded file. If True, then the filename will be converted to a safe representation (e.g. by removing any invalid path segments), and then saved with the same name). Otherwise, a temporary name will be used. |
+    | UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS| `bool`| False   | Whether or not to keep the uploaded file's extension. If False, the file will be saved with the default temporary extension (usually ".tmp"). Otherwise, the file's extension will be maintained. Note that this will properly combine with the UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME setting. |
+    | MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE  | `int` | 1 MiB   | The maximum number of bytes of a File to keep in memory. By default, the contents of a File are kept into memory until a certain limit is reached, after which the contents of the File are written to a temporary file. This behavior can be disabled by setting this value to an appropriately large value (or, for example, infinity, such as `float('inf')`. |
+
+    Args:
+        file_name: The name of the file that this [`File`][python_multipart.File] represents.
+        field_name: The name of the form field that this file was uploaded with.  This can be None, if, for example,
+            the file was uploaded with Content-Type application/octet-stream.
+        config: The configuration for this File.  See above for valid configuration keys and their corresponding values.
+        content_type: The value of the Content-Type header.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_name: bytes | None,
+        field_name: bytes | None = None,
+        config: FileConfig = {},
+        *,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Save configuration, set other variables default.
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self._config = config
+        self._in_memory = True
+        self._bytes_written = 0
+        self._fileobj: BytesIO | BufferedRandom = BytesIO()
+
+        # Save the provided field/file name and content type.
+        self._field_name = field_name
+        self._file_name = file_name
+        self._content_type = content_type
+
+        # Our actual file name is None by default, since, depending on our
+        # config, we may not actually use the provided name.
+        self._actual_file_name: bytes | None = None
+
+        # Split the extension from the filename.
+        if file_name is not None:
+            # Extract just the basename to avoid directory traversal
+            basename = os.path.basename(file_name)
+            base, ext = os.path.splitext(basename)
+            self._file_base = base
+            self._ext = ext
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """The form field associated with this file.  May be None if there isn't
+        one, for example when we have an application/octet-stream upload.
+        """
+        return self._field_name
+
+    @property
+    def file_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """The file name given in the upload request."""
+        return self._file_name
+
+    @property
+    def actual_file_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """The file name that this file is saved as.  Will be None if it's not
+        currently saved on disk.
+        """
+        return self._actual_file_name
+
+    @property
+    def file_object(self) -> BytesIO | BufferedRandom:
+        """The file object that we're currently writing to.  Note that this
+        will either be an instance of a :class:`io.BytesIO`, or a regular file
+        object.
+        """
+        return self._fileobj
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> int:
+        """The total size of this file, counted as the number of bytes that
+        currently have been written to the file.
+        """
+        return self._bytes_written
+
+    @property
+    def in_memory(self) -> bool:
+        """A boolean representing whether or not this file object is currently
+        stored in-memory or on-disk.
+        """
+        return self._in_memory
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        """The Content-Type value for this part, if it was set."""
+        return self._content_type
+
+    def flush_to_disk(self) -> None:
+        """If the file is already on-disk, do nothing.  Otherwise, copy from
+        the in-memory buffer to a disk file, and then reassign our internal
+        file object to this new disk file.
+
+        Note that if you attempt to flush a file that is already on-disk, a
+        warning will be logged to this module's logger.
+        """
+        if not self._in_memory:
+            self.logger.warning("Trying to flush to disk when we're not in memory")
+            return
+
+        # Go back to the start of our file.
+        self._fileobj.seek(0)
+
+        # Open a new file.
+        new_file = self._get_disk_file()
+
+        # Copy the file objects.
+        shutil.copyfileobj(self._fileobj, new_file)
+
+        # Seek to the new position in our new file.
+        new_file.seek(self._bytes_written)
+
+        # Reassign the fileobject.
+        old_fileobj = self._fileobj
+        self._fileobj = new_file
+
+        # We're no longer in memory.
+        self._in_memory = False
+
+        # Close the old file object.
+        old_fileobj.close()
+
+    def _get_disk_file(self) -> BufferedRandom:
+        """This function is responsible for getting a file object on-disk for us."""
+        self.logger.info("Opening a file on disk")
+
+        file_dir = self._config.get("UPLOAD_DIR")
+        keep_filename = self._config.get("UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME", False)
+        keep_extensions = self._config.get("UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS", False)
+        delete_tmp = self._config.get("UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP", True)
+        tmp_file: None | BufferedRandom = None
+
+        # If we have a directory and are to keep the filename...
+        if file_dir is not None and keep_filename:
+            self.logger.info("Saving with filename in: %r", file_dir)
+
+            # Build our filename.
+            # TODO: what happens if we don't have a filename?
+            fname = self._file_base + self._ext if keep_extensions else self._file_base
+
+            path = os.path.join(file_dir, fname)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            try:
+                self.logger.info("Opening file: %r", path)
+                tmp_file = open(path, "w+b")
+            except OSError:
+                tmp_file = None
+
+                self.logger.exception("Error opening temporary file")
+                raise FileError("Error opening temporary file: %r" % path)
+        else:
+            # Build options array.
+            # Note that on Python 3, tempfile doesn't support byte names.  We
+            # encode our paths using the default filesystem encoding.
+            suffix = self._ext.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()) if keep_extensions else None
+
+            if file_dir is None:
+                dir = None
+            elif isinstance(file_dir, bytes):
+                dir = file_dir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+            else:
+                dir = file_dir  # pragma: no cover
+
+            # Create a temporary (named) file with the appropriate settings.
+            self.logger.info(
+                "Creating a temporary file with options: %r", {"suffix": suffix, "delete": delete_tmp, "dir": dir}
+            )
+            try:
+                tmp_file = cast(BufferedRandom, tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=suffix, delete=delete_tmp, dir=dir))
+            except OSError:
+                self.logger.exception("Error creating named temporary file")
+                raise FileError("Error creating named temporary file")
+
+            assert tmp_file is not None
+            # Encode filename as bytes.
+            if isinstance(tmp_file.name, str):
+                fname = tmp_file.name.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+            else:
+                fname = cast(bytes, tmp_file.name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self._actual_file_name = fname
+        return tmp_file
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the File.
+
+        :param data: a bytestring
+        """
+        return self.on_data(data)
+
+    def on_data(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """This method is a callback that will be called whenever data is
+        written to the File.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the file.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        bwritten = self._fileobj.write(data)
+
+        # If the bytes written isn't the same as the length, just return.
+        if bwritten != len(data):
+            self.logger.warning("bwritten != len(data) (%d != %d)", bwritten, len(data))
+            return bwritten
+
+        # Keep track of how many bytes we've written.
+        self._bytes_written += bwritten
+
+        # If we're in-memory and are over our limit, we create a file.
+        max_memory_file_size = self._config.get("MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE")
+        if self._in_memory and max_memory_file_size is not None and (self._bytes_written > max_memory_file_size):
+            self.logger.info("Flushing to disk")
+            self.flush_to_disk()
+
+        # Return the number of bytes written.
+        return bwritten
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        """This method is called whenever the Field is finalized."""
+        # Flush the underlying file object
+        self._fileobj.flush()
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize the form file.  This will not close the underlying file,
+        but simply signal that we are finished writing to the File.
+        """
+        self.on_end()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the File object.  This will actually close the underlying
+        file object (whether it's a :class:`io.BytesIO` or an actual file
+        object).
+        """
+        self._fileobj.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(file_name={self.file_name!r}, field_name={self.field_name!r})"
+
+
+class BaseParser:
+    """This class is the base class for all parsers.  It contains the logic for
+    calling and adding callbacks.
+
+    A callback can be one of two different forms.  "Notification callbacks" are
+    callbacks that are called when something happens - for example, when a new
+    part of a multipart message is encountered by the parser.  "Data callbacks"
+    are called when we get some sort of data - for example, part of the body of
+    a multipart chunk.  Notification callbacks are called with no parameters,
+    whereas data callbacks are called with three, as follows::
+
+        data_callback(data, start, end)
+
+    The "data" parameter is a bytestring (i.e. "foo" on Python 2, or b"foo" on
+    Python 3).  "start" and "end" are integer indexes into the "data" string
+    that represent the data of interest.  Thus, in a data callback, the slice
+    `data[start:end]` represents the data that the callback is "interested in".
+    The callback is not passed a copy of the data, since copying severely hurts
+    performance.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self.callbacks: QuerystringCallbacks | OctetStreamCallbacks | MultipartCallbacks = {}
+
+    def callback(
+        self, name: CallbackName, data: bytes | None = None, start: int | None = None, end: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """This function calls a provided callback with some data.  If the
+        callback is not set, will do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name of the callback to call (as a string).
+            data: Data to pass to the callback.  If None, then it is assumed that the callback is a notification
+                callback, and no parameters are given.
+            end: An integer that is passed to the data callback.
+            start: An integer that is passed to the data callback.
+        """
+        func = self.callbacks.get("on_" + name)
+        if func is None:
+            return
+        func = cast("Callable[..., Any]", func)
+        # Depending on whether we're given a buffer...
+        if data is not None:
+            # Don't do anything if we have start == end.
+            if start is not None and start == end:
+                return
+            func(data, start, end)
+        else:
+            func()
+
+    def set_callback(self, name: CallbackName, new_func: Callable[..., Any] | None) -> None:
+        """Update the function for a callback.  Removes from the callbacks dict
+        if new_func is None.
+
+        :param name: The name of the callback to call (as a string).
+
+        :param new_func: The new function for the callback.  If None, then the
+                         callback will be removed (with no error if it does not
+                         exist).
+        """
+        if new_func is None:
+            self.callbacks.pop("on_" + name, None)  # type: ignore[misc]
+        else:
+            self.callbacks["on_" + name] = new_func  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "%s()" % self.__class__.__name__
+
+
+class OctetStreamParser(BaseParser):
+    """This parser parses an octet-stream request body and calls callbacks when
+    incoming data is received.  Callbacks are as follows:
+
+    | Callback Name  | Parameters      | Description                                         |
+    |----------------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+    | on_start       | None            | Called when the first data is parsed.               |
+    | on_data        | data, start, end| Called for each data chunk that is parsed.           |
+    | on_end         | None            | Called when the parser is finished parsing all data.|
+
+    Args:
+        callbacks: A dictionary of callbacks.  See the documentation for [`BaseParser`][python_multipart.BaseParser].
+        max_size: The maximum size of body to parse.  Defaults to infinity - i.e. unbounded.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, callbacks: OctetStreamCallbacks = {}, max_size: float = float("inf")):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+        self._started = False
+
+        if not isinstance(max_size, Number) or max_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_size must be a positive number, not %r" % max_size)
+        self.max_size: int | float = max_size
+        self._current_size = 0
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the parser, which will perform size verification,
+        and then pass the data to the underlying callback.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the parser.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        if not self._started:
+            self.callback("start")
+            self._started = True
+
+        # Truncate data length.
+        data_len = len(data)
+        if (self._current_size + data_len) > self.max_size:
+            # We truncate the length of data that we are to process.
+            new_size = int(self.max_size - self._current_size)
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Current size is %d (max %d), so truncating data length from %d to %d",
+                self._current_size,
+                self.max_size,
+                data_len,
+                new_size,
+            )
+            data_len = new_size
+
+        # Increment size, then callback, in case there's an exception.
+        self._current_size += data_len
+        self.callback("data", data, 0, data_len)
+        return data_len
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this parser, which signals to that we are finished parsing,
+        and sends the on_end callback.
+        """
+        self.callback("end")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "%s()" % self.__class__.__name__
+
+
+class QuerystringParser(BaseParser):
+    """This is a streaming querystring parser.  It will consume data, and call
+    the callbacks given when it has data.
+
+    | Callback Name  | Parameters      | Description                                         |
+    |----------------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+    | on_field_start | None            | Called when a new field is encountered.             |
+    | on_field_name  | data, start, end| Called when a portion of a field's name is encountered. |
+    | on_field_data  | data, start, end| Called when a portion of a field's data is encountered. |
+    | on_field_end   | None            | Called when the end of a field is encountered.      |
+    | on_end         | None            | Called when the parser is finished parsing all data.|
+
+    Args:
+        callbacks: A dictionary of callbacks.  See the documentation for [`BaseParser`][python_multipart.BaseParser].
+        strict_parsing: Whether or not to parse the body strictly.  Defaults to False.  If this is set to True, then the
+            behavior of the parser changes as the following: if a field has a value with an equal sign
+            (e.g. "foo=bar", or "foo="), it is always included.  If a field has no equals sign (e.g. "...&name&..."),
+            it will be treated as an error if 'strict_parsing' is True, otherwise included.  If an error is encountered,
+            then a [`QuerystringParseError`][python_multipart.exceptions.QuerystringParseError] will be raised.
+        max_size: The maximum size of body to parse.  Defaults to infinity - i.e. unbounded.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    state: QuerystringState
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, callbacks: QuerystringCallbacks = {}, strict_parsing: bool = False, max_size: float = float("inf")
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.state = QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD
+        self._found_sep = False
+
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+
+        # Max-size stuff
+        if not isinstance(max_size, Number) or max_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_size must be a positive number, not %r" % max_size)
+        self.max_size: int | float = max_size
+        self._current_size = 0
+
+        # Should parsing be strict?
+        self.strict_parsing = strict_parsing
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the parser, which will perform size verification,
+        parse into either a field name or value, and then pass the
+        corresponding data to the underlying callback.  If an error is
+        encountered while parsing, a QuerystringParseError will be raised.  The
+        "offset" attribute of the raised exception will be set to the offset in
+        the input data chunk (NOT the overall stream) that caused the error.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the parser.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        # Handle sizing.
+        data_len = len(data)
+        if (self._current_size + data_len) > self.max_size:
+            # We truncate the length of data that we are to process.
+            new_size = int(self.max_size - self._current_size)
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Current size is %d (max %d), so truncating data length from %d to %d",
+                self._current_size,
+                self.max_size,
+                data_len,
+                new_size,
+            )
+            data_len = new_size
+
+        l = 0
+        try:
+            l = self._internal_write(data, data_len)
+        finally:
+            self._current_size += l
+
+        return l
+
+    def _internal_write(self, data: bytes, length: int) -> int:
+        state = self.state
+        strict_parsing = self.strict_parsing
+        found_sep = self._found_sep
+
+        i = 0
+        while i < length:
+            ch = data[i]
+
+            # Depending on our state...
+            if state == QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD:
+                # If the 'found_sep' flag is set, we've already encountered
+                # and skipped a single separator.  If so, we check our strict
+                # parsing flag and decide what to do.  Otherwise, we haven't
+                # yet reached a separator, and thus, if we do, we need to skip
+                # it as it will be the boundary between fields that's supposed
+                # to be there.
+                if ch == AMPERSAND:
+                    if found_sep:
+                        # If we're parsing strictly, we disallow blank chunks.
+                        if strict_parsing:
+                            raise QuerystringParseError("Skipping duplicate ampersand at %d" % i, offset=i)
+                        else:
+                            self.logger.debug("Skipping duplicate ampersand at %d", i)
+                    else:
+                        # This case is when we're skipping the (first)
+                        # separator between fields, so we just set our flag
+                        # and continue on.
+                        found_sep = True
+                else:
+                    # Emit a field-start event, and go to that state.  Also,
+                    # reset the "found_sep" flag, for the next time we get to
+                    # this state.
+                    self.callback("field_start")
+                    i -= 1
+                    state = QuerystringState.FIELD_NAME
+                    found_sep = False
+
+            elif state == QuerystringState.FIELD_NAME:
+                # Try and find a separator - we ensure that, if we do, we only
+                # look for the equal sign before it.
+                sep_pos = data.find(b"&", i, length)
+
+                # See if we can find an equals sign in the remaining data.  If
+                # so, we can immediately emit the field name and jump to the
+                # data state.
+                if sep_pos != -1:
+                    equals_pos = data.find(b"=", i, sep_pos)
+                else:
+                    equals_pos = data.find(b"=", i, length)
+
+                if equals_pos != -1:
+                    # Emit this name.
+                    self.callback("field_name", data, i, equals_pos)
+
+                    # Jump i to this position.  Note that it will then have 1
+                    # added to it below, which means the next iteration of this
+                    # loop will inspect the character after the equals sign.
+                    i = equals_pos
+                    state = QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA
+                else:
+                    # No equals sign found.
+                    if not strict_parsing:
+                        # See also comments in the QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA case below.
+                        # If we found the separator, we emit the name and just
+                        # end - there's no data callback at all (not even with
+                        # a blank value).
+                        if sep_pos != -1:
+                            self.callback("field_name", data, i, sep_pos)
+                            self.callback("field_end")
+
+                            i = sep_pos - 1
+                            state = QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD
+                        else:
+                            # Otherwise, no separator in this block, so the
+                            # rest of this chunk must be a name.
+                            self.callback("field_name", data, i, length)
+                            i = length
+
+                    else:
+                        # We're parsing strictly.  If we find a separator,
+                        # this is an error - we require an equals sign.
+                        if sep_pos != -1:
+                            raise QuerystringParseError(
+                                "When strict_parsing is True, we require an "
+                                "equals sign in all field chunks. Did not "
+                                "find one in the chunk that starts at %d" % (i,),
+                                offset=i,
+                            )
+
+                        # No separator in the rest of this chunk, so it's just
+                        # a field name.
+                        self.callback("field_name", data, i, length)
+                        i = length
+
+            elif state == QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA:
+                # Try finding an ampersand after this position.
+                sep_pos = data.find(b"&", i, length)
+
+                # If we found it, callback this bit as data and then go back
+                # to expecting to find a field.
+                if sep_pos != -1:
+                    self.callback("field_data", data, i, sep_pos)
+                    self.callback("field_end")
+
+                    # Note that we go to the separator, which brings us to the
+                    # "before field" state.  This allows us to properly emit
+                    # "field_start" events only when we actually have data for
+                    # a field of some sort.
+                    i = sep_pos - 1
+                    state = QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD
+
+                # Otherwise, emit the rest as data and finish.
+                else:
+                    self.callback("field_data", data, i, length)
+                    i = length
+
+            else:  # pragma: no cover (error case)
+                msg = "Reached an unknown state %d at %d" % (state, i)
+                self.logger.warning(msg)
+                raise QuerystringParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+            i += 1
+
+        self.state = state
+        self._found_sep = found_sep
+        return length
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this parser, which signals to that we are finished parsing,
+        if we're still in the middle of a field, an on_field_end callback, and
+        then the on_end callback.
+        """
+        # If we're currently in the middle of a field, we finish it.
+        if self.state in (QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA, QuerystringState.FIELD_NAME):
+            self.callback("field_end")
+        self.callback("end")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "{}(strict_parsing={!r}, max_size={!r})".format(
+            self.__class__.__name__, self.strict_parsing, self.max_size
+        )
+
+
+class MultipartParser(BaseParser):
+    """This class is a streaming multipart/form-data parser.
+
+    | Callback Name      | Parameters      | Description |
+    |--------------------|-----------------|-------------|
+    | on_part_begin      | None            | Called when a new part of the multipart message is encountered. |
+    | on_part_data       | data, start, end| Called when a portion of a part's data is encountered. |
+    | on_part_end        | None            | Called when the end of a part is reached. |
+    | on_header_begin    | None            | Called when we've found a new header in a part of a multipart message |
+    | on_header_field    | data, start, end| Called each time an additional portion of a header is read (i.e. the part of the header that is before the colon; the "Foo" in "Foo: Bar"). |
+    | on_header_value    | data, start, end| Called when we get data for a header. |
+    | on_header_end      | None            | Called when the current header is finished - i.e. we've reached the newline at the end of the header. |
+    | on_headers_finished| None            | Called when all headers are finished, and before the part data starts. |
+    | on_end             | None            | Called when the parser is finished parsing all data. |
+
+    Args:
+        boundary: The multipart boundary.  This is required, and must match what is given in the HTTP request - usually in the Content-Type header.
+        callbacks: A dictionary of callbacks.  See the documentation for [`BaseParser`][python_multipart.BaseParser].
+        max_size: The maximum size of body to parse.  Defaults to infinity - i.e. unbounded.
+        max_header_count: The maximum number of headers allowed per part.
+        max_header_size: The maximum size of a single header line (excluding the trailing CRLF).
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        boundary: bytes | str,
+        callbacks: MultipartCallbacks = {},
+        max_size: float = float("inf"),
+        *,
+        max_header_count: int = DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_COUNT,
+        max_header_size: int = DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Initialize parser state.
+        super().__init__()
+        self.state = MultipartState.START
+        self.index = self.flags = 0
+
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+
+        if not isinstance(max_size, Number) or max_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_size must be a positive number, not %r" % max_size)
+        self.max_size = max_size
+        self._current_size = 0
+
+        self.max_header_count = max_header_count
+        self._current_header_count = 0
+
+        self.max_header_size = max_header_size
+        self._current_header_size = 0
+
+        # Setup marks.  These are used to track the state of data received.
+        self.marks: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+        # Save our boundary.
+        if isinstance(boundary, str):  # pragma: no cover
+            boundary = boundary.encode("latin-1")
+        if len(boundary) > MAX_BOUNDARY_LENGTH:
+            raise FormParserError(f"Boundary length {len(boundary)} exceeds maximum of {MAX_BOUNDARY_LENGTH}")
+        self.boundary = b"\r\n--" + boundary
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the parser, which will perform size verification,
+        and then parse the data into the appropriate location (e.g. header,
+        data, etc.), and pass this on to the underlying callback.  If an error
+        is encountered, a MultipartParseError will be raised.  The "offset"
+        attribute on the raised exception will be set to the offset of the byte
+        in the input chunk that caused the error.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the parser.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        # Handle sizing.
+        data_len = len(data)
+        if (self._current_size + data_len) > self.max_size:
+            # We truncate the length of data that we are to process.
+            new_size = int(self.max_size - self._current_size)
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Current size is %d (max %d), so truncating data length from %d to %d",
+                self._current_size,
+                self.max_size,
+                data_len,
+                new_size,
+            )
+            data_len = new_size
+
+        l = 0
+        try:
+            l = self._internal_write(data, data_len)
+        finally:
+            self._current_size += l
+
+        return l
+
+    def _internal_write(self, data: bytes, length: int) -> int:
+        # Get values from locals.
+        boundary = self.boundary
+        boundary_length = len(boundary)
+
+        # Get our state, flags and index.  These are persisted between calls to
+        # this function.
+        state = self.state
+        index = self.index
+        flags = self.flags
+        current_header_count = self._current_header_count
+        current_header_size = self._current_header_size
+
+        # Our index defaults to 0.
+        i = 0
+
+        def advance_header_size(amount: int = 1) -> None:
+            nonlocal current_header_size
+            current_header_size += amount
+            if current_header_size > self.max_header_size:
+                raise MultipartParseError("Maximum header size exceeded", offset=i)
+
+        # Set a mark.
+        def set_mark(name: str) -> None:
+            self.marks[name] = i
+
+        # Remove a mark.
+        def delete_mark(name: str, reset: bool = False) -> None:
+            self.marks.pop(name, None)
+
+        # Helper function that makes calling a callback with data easier. The
+        # 'remaining' parameter will callback from the marked value until the
+        # end of the buffer, and reset the mark, instead of deleting it.  This
+        # is used at the end of the function to call our callbacks with any
+        # remaining data in this chunk.
+        def data_callback(name: CallbackName, end_i: int, remaining: bool = False) -> None:
+            marked_index = self.marks.get(name)
+            if marked_index is None:
+                return
+
+            # Otherwise, we call it from the mark to the current byte we're
+            # processing.
+            if end_i <= marked_index:
+                # There is no additional data to send.
+                pass
+            elif marked_index >= 0:
+                # We are emitting data from the local buffer.
+                self.callback(name, data, marked_index, end_i)
+            else:
+                # Some of the data comes from a partial boundary match.
+                # and requires look-behind.
+                # We need to use self.flags (and not flags) because we care about
+                # the state when we entered the loop.
+                lookbehind_len = -marked_index
+                if lookbehind_len <= boundary_length:
+                    self.callback(name, boundary, 0, lookbehind_len)
+                elif self.flags & FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY:
+                    lookback = boundary + b"\r\n"
+                    self.callback(name, lookback, 0, lookbehind_len)
+                elif self.flags & FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY:
+                    lookback = boundary + b"--\r\n"
+                    self.callback(name, lookback, 0, lookbehind_len)
+                else:  # pragma: no cover (error case)
+                    self.logger.warning("Look-back buffer error")
+
+                if end_i > 0:
+                    self.callback(name, data, 0, end_i)
+            # If we're getting remaining data, we have got all the data we
+            # can be certain is not a boundary, leaving only a partial boundary match.
+            if remaining:
+                self.marks[name] = end_i - length
+            else:
+                self.marks.pop(name, None)
+
+        # For each byte...
+        while i < length:
+            c = data[i]
+
+            if state == MultipartState.START:
+                # Skip leading newlines
+                if c == CR or c == LF:
+                    i = data.find(b"-", i)
+                    if i == -1:
+                        # No boundary candidate in this chunk, so ignore the content after the leading CR/LF.
+                        i = length
+                        break
+                    continue
+
+                # index is used as in index into our boundary.  Set to 0.
+                index = 0
+
+                # Move to the next state, but decrement i so that we re-process
+                # this character.
+                state = MultipartState.START_BOUNDARY
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.START_BOUNDARY:
+                # Check to ensure that the last 2 characters in our boundary
+                # are CRLF.
+                if index == boundary_length - 2:
+                    if c == HYPHEN:
+                        # Potential empty message.
+                        state = MultipartState.END_BOUNDARY
+                    elif c != CR:
+                        # Error!
+                        msg = "Did not find CR at end of boundary (%d)" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    index += 1
+
+                elif index == boundary_length - 1:
+                    if c != LF:
+                        msg = "Did not find LF at end of boundary (%d)" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    # The index is now used for indexing into our boundary.
+                    index = 0
+
+                    # Callback for the start of a part.
+                    self.callback("part_begin")
+                    current_header_count = 0
+                    current_header_size = 0
+
+                    # Move to the next character and state.
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START
+
+                else:
+                    # Check to ensure our boundary matches
+                    if c != boundary[index + 2]:
+                        msg = "Expected boundary character %r, got %r at index %d" % (boundary[index + 2], c, index + 2)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    # Increment index into boundary and continue.
+                    index += 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START:
+                # Mark the start of a header field here, reset the index, and
+                # continue parsing our header field.
+                index = 0
+
+                if c != CR:
+                    current_header_count += 1
+                    if current_header_count > self.max_header_count:
+                        raise MultipartParseError("Maximum header count exceeded", offset=i)
+                    current_header_size = 0
+
+                # Set a mark of our header field.
+                set_mark("header_field")
+
+                # Notify that we're starting a header if the next character is
+                # not a CR; a CR at the beginning of the header will cause us
+                # to stop parsing headers in the MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD state,
+                # below.
+                if c != CR:
+                    self.callback("header_begin")
+
+                # Move to parsing header fields.
+                state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD:
+                # If we've reached a CR at the beginning of a header, it means
+                # that we've reached the second of 2 newlines, and so there are
+                # no more headers to parse.
+                if c == CR and index == 0:
+                    delete_mark("header_field")
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADERS_ALMOST_DONE
+                    i += 1
+                    continue
+
+                # The field name runs until the colon; jump straight to it and
+                # validate the whole span at once instead of byte by byte.
+                colon = data.find(b":", i, length)
+                end = colon if colon != -1 else length
+
+                # Enforce the size limit before slicing and validating, so an oversized header
+                # name fails fast instead of copying and scanning a potentially huge span.
+                advance_header_size(end - i if colon == -1 else end - i + 1)
+
+                field = data[i:end]
+                if field.translate(None, TOKEN_CHARS):
+                    bad = next(b for b in field if b not in TOKEN_CHARS_SET)
+                    bad_i = i + field.index(bad)
+                    msg = "Found invalid character %r in header at %d" % (bad, bad_i)
+                    self.logger.warning(msg)
+                    raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=bad_i)
+
+                index += end - i
+                if colon == -1:
+                    # Field name continues into the next chunk.
+                    i = length
+                else:
+                    # A 0-length header is an error.
+                    if index == 0:
+                        msg = "Found 0-length header at %d" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    # Call our callback with the header field.
+                    i = colon
+                    data_callback("header_field", i)
+
+                    # Move to parsing the header value.
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_START
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_START:
+                # Skip leading spaces.
+                if c == SPACE:
+                    advance_header_size()
+                    i += 1
+                    continue
+
+                # Mark the start of the header value.
+                set_mark("header_value")
+
+                # Move to the header-value state, reprocessing this character.
+                state = MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE:
+                # The value runs until the terminating CR; jump straight to it
+                # instead of inspecting every byte.
+                cr = data.find(b"\r", i, length)
+                end = cr if cr != -1 else length
+                advance_header_size(end - i)
+                if cr != -1:
+                    i = cr
+                    data_callback("header_value", i)
+                    self.callback("header_end")
+                    current_header_size = 0
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_ALMOST_DONE
+                else:
+                    i = length
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_ALMOST_DONE:
+                # The last character should be a LF.  If not, it's an error.
+                if c != LF:
+                    msg = f"Did not find LF character at end of header (found {c!r})"
+                    self.logger.warning(msg)
+                    raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                # Move back to the start of another header.  Note that if that
+                # state detects ANOTHER newline, it'll trigger the end of our
+                # headers.
+                state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADERS_ALMOST_DONE:
+                # We're almost done our headers.  This is reached when we parse
+                # a CR at the beginning of a header, so our next character
+                # should be a LF, or it's an error.
+                if c != LF:
+                    msg = f"Did not find LF at end of headers (found {c!r})"
+                    self.logger.warning(msg)
+                    raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                self.callback("headers_finished")
+                state = MultipartState.PART_DATA_START
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.PART_DATA_START:
+                # Mark the start of our part data.
+                set_mark("part_data")
+
+                # Start processing part data, including this character.
+                state = MultipartState.PART_DATA
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.PART_DATA:
+                # We're processing our part data right now.  During this, we
+                # need to efficiently search for our boundary, since any data
+                # on any number of lines can be a part of the current data.
+
+                # Save the current value of our index.  We use this in case we
+                # find part of a boundary, but it doesn't match fully.
+                prev_index = index
+
+                # If our index is 0, we're starting a new part, so start our
+                # search.
+                if index == 0:
+                    # The most common case is likely to be that the whole
+                    # boundary is present in the buffer.
+                    # Calling `find` is much faster than iterating here.
+                    i0 = data.find(boundary, i, length)
+                    if i0 >= 0:
+                        # We matched the whole boundary string.
+                        index = boundary_length - 1
+                        i = i0 + boundary_length - 1
+                        c = data[i]
+                    else:
+                        # No whole boundary, but the tail may hold a partial one
+                        # that completes in the next chunk. Boundary starts with
+                        # CR, which an RFC boundary contains nowhere else, so the
+                        # last CR in the tail is the only candidate prefix start.
+                        k = data.rfind(boundary[:1], max(i, length - boundary_length + 1), length)
+                        if k != -1 and boundary.startswith(data[k:length]):
+                            index = length - k
+                        # Carry the partial via index; the end-of-chunk flush
+                        # emits the data before it and re-marks the lookbehind.
+                        i = length
+                        continue
+
+                # Now, we have a couple of cases here.  If our index is before
+                # the end of the boundary...
+                if index < boundary_length:
+                    # If the character matches...
+                    if boundary[index] == c:
+                        # The current character matches, so continue!
+                        index += 1
+                    else:
+                        index = 0
+
+                # Our index is equal to the length of our boundary!
+                elif index == boundary_length:
+                    # First we increment it.
+                    index += 1
+
+                    # Now, if we've reached a newline, we need to set this as
+                    # the potential end of our boundary.
+                    if c == CR:
+                        flags |= FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY
+
+                    # Otherwise, if this is a hyphen, we might be at the last
+                    # of all boundaries.
+                    elif c == HYPHEN:
+                        flags |= FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY
+
+                    # Otherwise, we reset our index, since this isn't either a
+                    # newline or a hyphen.
+                    else:
+                        index = 0
+
+                # Our index is right after the part boundary, which should be
+                # a LF.
+                elif index == boundary_length + 1:
+                    # If we're at a part boundary (i.e. we've seen a CR
+                    # character already)...
+                    if flags & FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY:
+                        # We need a LF character next.
+                        if c == LF:
+                            # Unset the part boundary flag.
+                            flags &= ~FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY
+
+                            # We have identified a boundary, callback for any data before it.
+                            data_callback("part_data", i - index)
+                            # Callback indicating that we've reached the end of
+                            # a part, and are starting a new one.
+                            self.callback("part_end")
+                            self.callback("part_begin")
+                            current_header_count = 0
+                            current_header_size = 0
+
+                            # Move to parsing new headers.
+                            index = 0
+                            state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START
+                            i += 1
+                            continue
+
+                        # We didn't find an LF character, so no match.  Reset
+                        # our index and clear our flag.
+                        index = 0
+                        flags &= ~FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY
+
+                    # Otherwise, if we're at the last boundary (i.e. we've
+                    # seen a hyphen already)...
+                    elif flags & FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY:
+                        # We need a second hyphen here.
+                        if c == HYPHEN:
+                            # We have identified a boundary, callback for any data before it.
+                            data_callback("part_data", i - index)
+                            # Callback to end the current part, and then the
+                            # message.
+                            self.callback("part_end")
+                            self.callback("end")
+                            state = MultipartState.END
+                        else:
+                            # No match, so reset index.
+                            index = 0
+
+                # Otherwise, our index is 0.  If the previous index is not, it
+                # means we reset something, and we need to take the data we
+                # thought was part of our boundary and send it along as actual
+                # data.
+                if index == 0 and prev_index > 0:
+                    # Overwrite our previous index.
+                    prev_index = 0
+
+                    # Re-consider the current character, since this could be
+                    # the start of the boundary itself.
+                    i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.END_BOUNDARY:
+                if index == boundary_length - 1:
+                    if c != HYPHEN:
+                        msg = "Did not find - at end of boundary (%d)" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+                    index += 1
+                    self.callback("end")
+                    state = MultipartState.END
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.END:
+                # Silently discard any epilogue data (RFC 2046 section 5.1.1 allows a CRLF and optional
+                # epilogue after the closing boundary). Django and Werkzeug do the same.
+                i = length
+                break
+
+            else:  # pragma: no cover (error case)
+                # We got into a strange state somehow!  Just stop processing.
+                msg = "Reached an unknown state %d at %d" % (state, i)
+                self.logger.warning(msg)
+                raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+            # Move to the next byte.
+            i += 1
+
+        # We call our callbacks with any remaining data.  Note that we pass
+        # the 'remaining' flag, which sets the mark back to 0 instead of
+        # deleting it, if it's found.  This is because, if the mark is found
+        # at this point, we assume that there's data for one of these things
+        # that has been parsed, but not yet emitted.  And, as such, it implies
+        # that we haven't yet reached the end of this 'thing'.  So, by setting
+        # the mark to 0, we cause any data callbacks that take place in future
+        # calls to this function to start from the beginning of that buffer.
+        data_callback("header_field", length, True)
+        data_callback("header_value", length, True)
+        data_callback("part_data", length - index, True)
+
+        # Save values to locals.
+        self.state = state
+        self.index = index
+        self.flags = flags
+        self._current_header_count = current_header_count
+        self._current_header_size = current_header_size
+
+        # Return our data length to indicate no errors, and that we processed
+        # all of it.
+        return length
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this parser, which signals to that we are finished parsing.
+
+        Note: It does not currently, but in the future, it will verify that we
+        are in the final state of the parser (i.e. the end of the multipart
+        message is well-formed), and, if not, throw an error.
+        """
+        # TODO: verify that we're in the state MultipartState.END, otherwise throw an
+        # error or otherwise state that we're not finished parsing.
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(boundary={self.boundary!r})"
+
+
+class FormParser:
+    """This class is the all-in-one form parser.  Given all the information
+    necessary to parse a form, it will instantiate the correct parser, create
+    the proper :class:`Field` and :class:`File` classes to store the data that
+    is parsed, and call the two given callbacks with each field and file as
+    they become available.
+
+    Args:
+        content_type: The Content-Type of the incoming request.  This is used to select the appropriate parser.
+        on_field: The callback to call when a field has been parsed and is ready for usage.  See above for parameters.
+        on_file: The callback to call when a file has been parsed and is ready for usage.  See above for parameters.
+        on_end: An optional callback to call when all fields and files in a request has been parsed.  Can be None.
+        boundary: If the request is a multipart/form-data request, this should be the boundary of the request, as given
+            in the Content-Type header, as a bytestring.
+        file_name: If the request is of type application/octet-stream, then the body of the request will not contain any
+            information about the uploaded file.  In such cases, you can provide the file name of the uploaded file
+            manually.
+        config: Configuration to use for this FormParser.  The default values are taken from the DEFAULT_CONFIG value,
+            and then any keys present in this dictionary will overwrite the default values.
+    """
+
+    #: This is the default configuration for our form parser.
+    #: Note: all file sizes should be in bytes.
+    DEFAULT_CONFIG: FormParserConfig = {
+        "MAX_BODY_SIZE": float("inf"),
+        "MAX_HEADER_COUNT": DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_COUNT,
+        "MAX_HEADER_SIZE": DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE,
+        "MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE": 1 * 1024 * 1024,
+        "UPLOAD_DIR": None,
+        "UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP": True,
+        "UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME": False,
+        "UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS": False,
+        # Error on invalid Content-Transfer-Encoding?
+        "UPLOAD_ERROR_ON_BAD_CTE": False,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content_type: str,
+        on_field: Callable[[Field], None] | None,
+        on_file: Callable[[File], None] | None,
+        on_end: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
+        boundary: bytes | str | None = None,
+        file_name: bytes | None = None,
+        config: dict[Any, Any] = {},
+    ) -> None:
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Save variables.
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.bytes_received = 0
+        self.parser = None
+
+        # Save callbacks.
+        self.on_field = on_field
+        self.on_file = on_file
+        self.on_end = on_end
+
+        # Set configuration options.
+        self.config: FormParserConfig = self.DEFAULT_CONFIG.copy()
+        self.config.update(config)  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+
+        parser: OctetStreamParser | MultipartParser | QuerystringParser | None = None
+
+        # Depending on the Content-Type, we instantiate the correct parser.
+        if content_type == "application/octet-stream":
+            file: File | None = None
+
+            def on_start() -> None:
+                nonlocal file
+                file = File(file_name, None, config=self.config)
+
+            def on_data(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                nonlocal file
+                assert file is not None
+                file.write(data[start:end])
+
+            def _on_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal file
+                assert file is not None
+                # Finalize the file itself.
+                file.finalize()
+
+                # Call our callback.
+                if on_file:
+                    on_file(file)
+
+                # Call the on-end callback.
+                if self.on_end is not None:
+                    self.on_end()
+
+            # Instantiate an octet-stream parser
+            parser = OctetStreamParser(
+                callbacks={"on_start": on_start, "on_data": on_data, "on_end": _on_end},
+                max_size=self.config["MAX_BODY_SIZE"],
+            )
+
+        elif content_type == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or content_type == "application/x-url-encoded":
+            name_buffer: list[bytes] = []
+
+            f: Field | None = None
+
+            def on_field_start() -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def on_field_name(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                name_buffer.append(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_field_data(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                nonlocal f
+                if f is None:
+                    f = Field(b"".join(name_buffer))
+                    del name_buffer[:]
+                f.write(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_field_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal f
+                # Finalize and call callback.
+                if f is None:
+                    # If we get here, it's because there was no field data.
+                    # We create a field, set it to None, and then continue.
+                    f = Field(b"".join(name_buffer))
+                    del name_buffer[:]
+                    f.set_none()
+
+                f.finalize()
+                if on_field:
+                    on_field(f)
+                f = None
+
+            def _on_end() -> None:
+                if self.on_end is not None:
+                    self.on_end()
+
+            # Instantiate parser.
+            parser = QuerystringParser(
+                callbacks={
+                    "on_field_start": on_field_start,
+                    "on_field_name": on_field_name,
+                    "on_field_data": on_field_data,
+                    "on_field_end": on_field_end,
+                    "on_end": _on_end,
+                },
+                max_size=self.config["MAX_BODY_SIZE"],
+            )
+
+        elif content_type == "multipart/form-data":
+            if boundary is None:
+                self.logger.error("No boundary given")
+                raise FormParserError("No boundary given")
+
+            header_name: list[bytes] = []
+            header_value: list[bytes] = []
+            headers: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
+
+            f_multi: File | Field | None = None
+            writer: File | Field | Base64Decoder | QuotedPrintableDecoder | None = None
+            is_file = False
+
+            def on_part_begin() -> None:
+                # Reset headers in case this isn't the first part.
+                nonlocal headers
+                headers = {}
+
+            def on_part_data(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                nonlocal writer
+                assert writer is not None
+                writer.write(data[start:end])
+                # TODO: check for error here.
+
+            def on_part_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal f_multi, is_file
+                assert f_multi is not None
+                f_multi.finalize()
+                if is_file:
+                    if on_file:
+                        assert isinstance(f_multi, File)
+                        on_file(f_multi)
+                else:
+                    if on_field:
+                        assert isinstance(f_multi, Field)
+                        on_field(f_multi)
+
+            def on_header_field(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                header_name.append(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_header_value(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                header_value.append(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_header_end() -> None:
+                headers[b"".join(header_name).lower()] = b"".join(header_value)
+                del header_name[:]
+                del header_value[:]
+
+            def on_headers_finished() -> None:
+                nonlocal is_file, f_multi, writer
+                # Reset the 'is file' flag.
+                is_file = False
+
+                # Parse the content-disposition header.
+                content_disp = headers.get(b"content-disposition")
+                disp, options = parse_options_header(content_disp)
+
+                # Get the field and filename.
+                field_name = options.get(b"name")
+                file_name = options.get(b"filename")
+                # RFC 7578 §4.2: each part MUST have a Content-Disposition header with a "name" parameter.
+                if field_name is None:
+                    raise FormParserError(f'Field name not found in Content-Disposition: "{content_disp!r}"')
+
+                # Create the proper class.
+                content_type_b = headers.get(b"content-type")
+                content_type = content_type_b.decode("latin-1") if content_type_b is not None else None
+                if file_name is None:
+                    f_multi = Field(field_name, content_type=content_type)
+                else:
+                    f_multi = File(file_name, field_name, config=self.config, content_type=content_type)
+                    is_file = True
+
+                # Parse the given Content-Transfer-Encoding to determine what
+                # we need to do with the incoming data.
+                # TODO: check that we properly handle 8bit / 7bit encoding.
+                # RFC 2045 section 6.1: Content-Transfer-Encoding values are case-insensitive.
+                # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2045#section-6.1
+                transfer_encoding = headers.get(b"content-transfer-encoding", b"7bit").lower()
+
+                if transfer_encoding in (b"binary", b"8bit", b"7bit"):
+                    writer = f_multi
+
+                elif transfer_encoding == b"base64":
+                    writer = Base64Decoder(f_multi)
+
+                elif transfer_encoding == b"quoted-printable":
+                    writer = QuotedPrintableDecoder(f_multi)
+
+                else:
+                    self.logger.warning("Unknown Content-Transfer-Encoding: %r", transfer_encoding)
+                    if self.config["UPLOAD_ERROR_ON_BAD_CTE"]:
+                        raise FormParserError(f'Unknown Content-Transfer-Encoding "{transfer_encoding!r}"')
+                    else:
+                        # If we aren't erroring, then we just treat this as an
+                        # unencoded Content-Transfer-Encoding.
+                        writer = f_multi
+
+            def _on_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal writer
+                if writer is not None:
+                    writer.finalize()
+                if self.on_end is not None:
+                    self.on_end()
+
+            # Instantiate a multipart parser.
+            parser = MultipartParser(
+                boundary,
+                callbacks={
+                    "on_part_begin": on_part_begin,
+                    "on_part_data": on_part_data,
+                    "on_part_end": on_part_end,
+                    "on_header_field": on_header_field,
+                    "on_header_value": on_header_value,
+                    "on_header_end": on_header_end,
+                    "on_headers_finished": on_headers_finished,
+                    "on_end": _on_end,
+                },
+                max_size=self.config["MAX_BODY_SIZE"],
+                max_header_count=self.config["MAX_HEADER_COUNT"],
+                max_header_size=self.config["MAX_HEADER_SIZE"],
+            )
+
+        else:
+            self.logger.warning("Unknown Content-Type: %r", content_type)
+            raise FormParserError(f"Unknown Content-Type: {content_type}")
+
+        self.parser = parser
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data.  The parser will forward this to the appropriate
+        underlying parser.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes processed.
+        """
+        self.bytes_received += len(data)
+        # TODO: check the parser's return value for errors?
+        assert self.parser is not None
+        return self.parser.write(data)
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize the parser."""
+        if self.parser is not None and hasattr(self.parser, "finalize"):
+            self.parser.finalize()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the parser."""
+        if self.parser is not None and hasattr(self.parser, "close"):
+            self.parser.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(content_type={self.content_type!r}, parser={self.parser!r})"
+
+
+def create_form_parser(
+    headers: dict[str, bytes],
+    on_field: Callable[[Field], None] | None,
+    on_file: Callable[[File], None] | None,
+    config: dict[Any, Any] = {},
+) -> FormParser:
+    """This function is a helper function to aid in creating a FormParser
+    instances.  Given a dictionary-like headers object, it will determine
+    the correct information needed, instantiate a FormParser with the
+    appropriate values and given callbacks, and then return the corresponding
+    parser.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: A dictionary-like object of HTTP headers.  The only required header is Content-Type.
+        on_field: Callback to call with each parsed field.
+        on_file: Callback to call with each parsed file.
+        config: Configuration variables to pass to the FormParser.
+    """
+    content_type: str | bytes | None = headers.get("Content-Type")
+    if content_type is None:
+        logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("No Content-Type header given")
+        raise ValueError("No Content-Type header given!")
+
+    # Boundaries are optional (the FormParser will raise if one is needed
+    # but not given).
+    content_type, params = parse_options_header(content_type)
+    boundary = params.get(b"boundary")
+
+    # We need content_type to be a string, not a bytes object.
+    content_type = content_type.decode("latin-1")
+
+    # Instantiate a form parser.
+    form_parser = FormParser(content_type, on_field, on_file, boundary=boundary, config=config)
+
+    # Return our parser.
+    return form_parser
+
+
+def parse_form(
+    headers: dict[str, bytes],
+    input_stream: SupportsRead,
+    on_field: Callable[[Field], None] | None,
+    on_file: Callable[[File], None] | None,
+    chunk_size: int = 1048576,
+) -> None:
+    """This function is useful if you just want to parse a request body,
+    without too much work.  Pass it a dictionary-like object of the request's
+    headers, and a file-like object for the input stream, along with two
+    callbacks that will get called whenever a field or file is parsed.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: A dictionary-like object of HTTP headers.  The only required header is Content-Type.
+        input_stream: A file-like object that represents the request body. The read() method must return bytestrings.
+        on_field: Callback to call with each parsed field.
+        on_file: Callback to call with each parsed file.
+        chunk_size: The maximum size to read from the input stream and write to the parser at one time.
+            Defaults to 1 MiB.
+    """
+    if chunk_size < 1:
+        raise ValueError(f"chunk_size must be a positive number, not {chunk_size!r}")
+
+    # Create our form parser.
+    parser = create_form_parser(headers, on_field, on_file)
+
+    # Read chunks of 1MiB and write to the parser, but never read more than
+    # the given Content-Length, if any.
+    content_length: int | float | bytes | None = headers.get("Content-Length")
+    if content_length is not None:
+        content_length = int(content_length)
+        if content_length < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Content-Length must be non-negative")
+    else:
+        content_length = float("inf")
+    bytes_read = 0
+
+    while True:
+        # Read only up to the Content-Length given.
+        max_readable = int(min(content_length - bytes_read, chunk_size))
+        buff = input_stream.read(max_readable)
+
+        # Write to the parser and update our length.
+        parser.write(buff)
+        bytes_read += len(buff)
+
+        # If we get a buffer that's smaller than the size requested, or if we
+        # have read up to our content length, we're done.
+        if len(buff) != max_readable or bytes_read == content_length:
+            break
+
+    # Tell our parser that we're done writing data.
+    parser.finalize()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..702ee6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: PyYAML
+Version: 6.0.3
+Summary: YAML parser and emitter for Python
+Home-page: https://pyyaml.org/
+Download-URL: https://pypi.org/project/PyYAML/
+Author: Kirill Simonov
+Author-email: xi@resolvent.net
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/issues
+Project-URL: CI, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/actions
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation
+Project-URL: Mailing lists, http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/yaml-core
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
+Platform: Any
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Cython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: download-url
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: platform
+Dynamic: project-url
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+YAML is a data serialization format designed for human readability
+and interaction with scripting languages.  PyYAML is a YAML parser
+and emitter for Python.
+
+PyYAML features a complete YAML 1.1 parser, Unicode support, pickle
+support, capable extension API, and sensible error messages.  PyYAML
+supports standard YAML tags and provides Python-specific tags that
+allow to represent an arbitrary Python object.
+
+PyYAML is applicable for a broad range of tasks from complex
+configuration files to object serialization and persistence.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e63bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+_yaml/__init__.py,sha256=04Ae_5osxahpJHa3XBZUAf4wi6XX32gR8D6X6p64GEA,1402
+_yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=A8O0Fe040J-u3Ek2DpMHabQMWPaFhebeAOLkkWqFjTQ,2351
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD,,
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=DxRnWQz-Kp9-4a4hdDHsSv0KUC3H7sN9Nbef3-8RjXU,190
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=jTko-dxEkP1jVwfLiOsmvXZBAqcoKVQwfT5RZ6V36KQ,1101
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=rpj0IVMTisAjh_1vG3Ccf9v5jpCQwAz6cD1IVU5ZdhQ,11
+yaml/__init__.py,sha256=sZ38wzPWp139cwc5ARZFByUvJxtB07X32FUQAzoFR6c,12311
+yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/composer.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/constructor.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/cyaml.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/dumper.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/emitter.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/error.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+yaml/emitter.py,sha256=jghtaU7eFwg31bG0B7RZea_29Adi9CKmXq_QjgQpCkQ,43006
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+yaml/representer.py,sha256=IuWP-cAW9sHKEnS0gCqSa894k1Bg4cgTxaDwIcbRQ-Y,14190
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+yaml/scanner.py,sha256=YEM3iLZSaQwXcQRg2l2R4MdT0zGP2F9eHkKGKnHyWQY,51279
+yaml/serializer.py,sha256=ChuFgmhU01hj4xgI8GaKv6vfM2Bujwa9i7d2FAHj7cA,4165
+yaml/tokens.py,sha256=lTQIzSVw8Mg9wv459-TjiOQe6wVziqaRlqX2_89rp54,2573
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e8a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f1b8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2017-2021 Ingy döt Net
+Copyright (c) 2006-2016 Kirill Simonov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6475e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+_yaml
+yaml
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..142a852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: starlette
+Version: 1.3.1
+Summary: The little ASGI library that shines.
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/Kludex/starlette
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://starlette.dev/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://starlette.dev/release-notes/
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/Kludex
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/Kludex/starlette
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+Maintainer-email: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: anyio<5,>=3.6.2
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.10.0; python_version < '3.13'
+Provides-Extra: full
+Requires-Dist: httpx2>=2.0.0; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: httpx<0.29.0,>=0.27.0; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: itsdangerous; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: jinja2; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml; extra == 'full'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <picture>
+    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kludex/starlette/main/docs/img/starlette_dark.svg" width="420px">
+    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kludex/starlette/main/docs/img/starlette.svg" width="420px">
+    <img alt="starlette-logo" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kludex/starlette/main/docs/img/starlette.svg">
+  </picture>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+    <em>✨ The little ASGI framework that shines. ✨</em>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/starlette.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/starlette)
+[![Supported Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/starlette.svg?color=%2334D058)](https://pypi.org/project/starlette)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1051468649518616576?logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&color=7389D8&labelColor=6A7EC2)](https://discord.gg/RxKUF5JuHs)
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: <a href="https://starlette.dev/" target="_blank">https://starlette.dev</a>
+
+**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/starlette" target="_blank">https://github.com/Kludex/starlette</a>
+
+---
+
+# Starlette
+
+Starlette is a lightweight [ASGI][asgi] framework/toolkit,
+which is ideal for building async web services in Python.
+
+It is production-ready, and gives you the following:
+
+* A lightweight, low-complexity HTTP web framework.
+* WebSocket support.
+* In-process background tasks.
+* Startup and shutdown events.
+* Test client built on `httpx`.
+* CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
+* Session and Cookie support.
+* 100% test coverage.
+* 100% type annotated codebase.
+* Few hard dependencies.
+* Compatible with `asyncio` and `trio` backends.
+* Great overall performance [against independent benchmarks][techempower].
+
+## Installation
+
+```shell
+$ pip install starlette
+```
+
+You'll also want to install an ASGI server, such as [uvicorn](https://uvicorn.dev) or any of the [other ASGI server implementations](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/implementations.html#servers).
+
+```shell
+$ pip install uvicorn
+```
+
+## Example
+
+```python title="main.py"
+from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.routing import Route
+
+
+async def homepage(request):
+    return JSONResponse({'hello': 'world'})
+
+routes = [
+    Route("/", endpoint=homepage)
+]
+
+app = Starlette(debug=True, routes=routes)
+```
+
+Then run the application using Uvicorn:
+
+```shell
+$ uvicorn main:app
+```
+
+## Dependencies
+
+Starlette only requires `anyio`, and the following are optional:
+
+* [`httpx2`][httpx2] - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* [`jinja2`][jinja2] - Required if you want to use `Jinja2Templates`.
+* [`python-multipart`][python-multipart] - Required if you want to support form parsing, with `request.form()`.
+* [`itsdangerous`][itsdangerous] - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
+* [`pyyaml`][pyyaml] - Required for `SchemaGenerator` support.
+
+You can install all of these with `pip install starlette[full]`.
+
+## Framework or Toolkit
+
+Starlette is designed to be used either as a complete framework, or as
+an ASGI toolkit. You can use any of its components independently.
+
+```python
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse
+
+
+async def app(scope, receive, send):
+    assert scope['type'] == 'http'
+    response = PlainTextResponse('Hello, world!')
+    await response(scope, receive, send)
+```
+
+Run the `app` application in `example.py`:
+
+```shell
+$ uvicorn example:app
+INFO: Started server process [11509]
+INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+Run uvicorn with `--reload` to enable auto-reloading on code changes.
+
+## Modularity
+
+The modularity that Starlette is designed on promotes building reusable
+components that can be shared between any ASGI framework. This should enable
+an ecosystem of shared middleware and mountable applications.
+
+The clean API separation also means it's easier to understand each component
+in isolation.
+
+---
+
+<p align="center"><i>Starlette is <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/blob/main/LICENSE.md">BSD licensed</a> code.<br/>Designed & crafted with care.</i></br>&mdash; ⭐️ &mdash;</p>
+
+[asgi]: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+[httpx2]: https://pypi.org/project/httpx2/
+[jinja2]: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/
+[python-multipart]: https://multipart.fastapiexpert.com/
+[itsdangerous]: https://itsdangerous.palletsprojects.com/
+[sqlalchemy]: https://www.sqlalchemy.org
+[pyyaml]: https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation
+[techempower]: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-sf
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e64ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
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+starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md,sha256=3LlWd6AiQCQxh-lk-UGEfRmxeCHPmeWvrmhPqzKMGb8,1518
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd84226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.30.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16a60e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2018, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.3.1"
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__pycache__/websockets.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__pycache__/websockets.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_exception_handler.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_exception_handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9491f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_exception_handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+ExceptionHandlers = dict[Any, ExceptionHandler]
+StatusHandlers = dict[int, ExceptionHandler]
+
+
+def _lookup_exception_handler(exc_handlers: ExceptionHandlers, exc: Exception) -> ExceptionHandler | None:
+    for cls in type(exc).__mro__:
+        if cls in exc_handlers:
+            return exc_handlers[cls]
+    return None
+
+
+def wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app: ASGIApp, conn: Request | WebSocket) -> ASGIApp:
+    exception_handlers: ExceptionHandlers
+    status_handlers: StatusHandlers
+    try:
+        exception_handlers, status_handlers = conn.scope["starlette.exception_handlers"]
+    except KeyError:
+        exception_handlers, status_handlers = {}, {}
+
+    async def wrapped_app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        response_started = False
+
+        async def sender(message: Message) -> None:
+            nonlocal response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                response_started = True
+            await send(message)
+
+        try:
+            await app(scope, receive, sender)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            handler = None
+
+            if isinstance(exc, HTTPException):
+                handler = status_handlers.get(exc.status_code)
+
+            if handler is None:
+                handler = _lookup_exception_handler(exception_handlers, exc)
+
+            if handler is None:
+                raise exc
+
+            if response_started:
+                raise RuntimeError("Caught handled exception, but response already started.") from exc
+
+            if is_async_callable(handler):
+                response = await handler(conn, exc)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            else:
+                response = await run_in_threadpool(handler, conn, exc)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            if response is not None:
+                await response(scope, receive, sender)
+
+    return wrapped_app
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b8639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable, Generator
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, asynccontextmanager
+from typing import Any, Generic, Protocol, TypeVar, overload
+
+import anyio.abc
+
+from starlette.types import Scope
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+    from typing import TypeIs
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+    from typing_extensions import TypeIs
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    except ImportError:
+
+        class BaseExceptionGroup(BaseException):  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            pass
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+AwaitableCallable = Callable[..., Awaitable[T]]
+
+
+@overload
+def is_async_callable(obj: AwaitableCallable[T]) -> TypeIs[AwaitableCallable[T]]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def is_async_callable(obj: Any) -> TypeIs[AwaitableCallable[Any]]: ...
+
+
+def is_async_callable(obj: Any) -> Any:
+    while isinstance(obj, functools.partial):
+        obj = obj.func
+
+    return iscoroutinefunction(obj) or (callable(obj) and iscoroutinefunction(obj.__call__))
+
+
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+
+
+class AwaitableOrContextManager(
+    Awaitable[T_co], AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co], Protocol[T_co]
+): ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class SupportsAsyncClose(Protocol):
+    async def close(self) -> None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+SupportsAsyncCloseType = TypeVar("SupportsAsyncCloseType", bound=SupportsAsyncClose, covariant=False)
+
+
+class AwaitableOrContextManagerWrapper(Generic[SupportsAsyncCloseType]):
+    __slots__ = ("aw", "entered")
+
+    def __init__(self, aw: Awaitable[SupportsAsyncCloseType]) -> None:
+        self.aw = aw
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, SupportsAsyncCloseType]:
+        return self.aw.__await__()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> SupportsAsyncCloseType:
+        self.entered = await self.aw
+        return self.entered
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *args: Any) -> None | bool:
+        await self.entered.close()
+        return None
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def create_collapsing_task_group() -> AsyncGenerator[anyio.abc.TaskGroup, None]:
+    try:
+        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+            yield tg
+    except BaseExceptionGroup as excs:
+        if len(excs.exceptions) != 1:
+            raise
+
+        exc = excs.exceptions[0]
+        context = None if exc.__suppress_context__ else exc.__context__
+        raise exc from exc.__cause__ or context
+
+
+def get_route_path(scope: Scope) -> str:
+    path: str = scope["path"]
+    root_path = scope.get("root_path", "")
+    if not root_path:
+        return path
+
+    if not path.startswith(root_path):
+        return path
+
+    if path == root_path:
+        return ""
+
+    if path[len(root_path)] == "/":
+        return path[len(root_path) :]
+
+    return path
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/applications.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/applications.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e1a781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/applications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec, TypeVar
+
+from starlette.datastructures import State, URLPath
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware, _MiddlewareFactory
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute, Router
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+AppType = TypeVar("AppType", bound="Starlette")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class Starlette:
+    """Creates an Starlette application."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self: AppType,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        routes: Sequence[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+        exception_handlers: Mapping[Any, ExceptionHandler] | None = None,
+        lifespan: Lifespan[AppType] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initializes the application.
+
+        Parameters:
+            debug: Boolean indicating if debug tracebacks should be returned on errors.
+            routes: A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
+            middleware: A list of middleware to run for every request. A starlette
+                application will always automatically include two middleware classes.
+                `ServerErrorMiddleware` is added as the very outermost middleware, to handle
+                any uncaught errors occurring anywhere in the entire stack.
+                `ExceptionMiddleware` is added as the very innermost middleware, to deal
+                with handled exception cases occurring in the routing or endpoints.
+            exception_handlers: A mapping of either integer status codes,
+                or exception class types onto callables which handle the exceptions.
+                Exception handler callables should be of the form
+                `handler(request, exc) -> response` and may be either standard functions, or
+                async functions.
+            lifespan: A lifespan context function, which can be used to perform
+                startup and shutdown tasks. This is a newer style that replaces the
+                `on_startup` and `on_shutdown` handlers. Use one or the other, not both.
+        """
+        self.debug = debug
+        self.state = State()
+        self.router = Router(routes, lifespan=lifespan)
+        self.exception_handlers = {} if exception_handlers is None else dict(exception_handlers)
+        self.user_middleware = [] if middleware is None else list(middleware)
+        self.middleware_stack: ASGIApp | None = None
+
+    def build_middleware_stack(self) -> ASGIApp:
+        debug = self.debug
+        error_handler = None
+        exception_handlers: dict[Any, ExceptionHandler] = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.exception_handlers.items():
+            if key in (500, Exception):
+                error_handler = value
+            else:
+                exception_handlers[key] = value
+
+        middleware = (
+            [Middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, handler=error_handler, debug=debug)]
+            + self.user_middleware
+            + [Middleware(ExceptionMiddleware, handlers=exception_handlers, debug=debug)]
+        )
+
+        app = self.router
+        for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+            app = cls(app, *args, **kwargs)
+        return app
+
+    @property
+    def routes(self) -> list[BaseRoute]:
+        return self.router.routes
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        return self.router.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        scope["app"] = self
+        if self.middleware_stack is None:
+            self.middleware_stack = self.build_middleware_stack()
+        await self.middleware_stack(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def mount(self, path: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.router.mount(path, app=app, name=name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def host(self, host: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.router.host(host, app=app, name=name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def add_middleware(self, middleware_class: _MiddlewareFactory[P], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        if self.middleware_stack is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot add middleware after an application has started")
+        self.user_middleware.insert(0, Middleware(middleware_class, *args, **kwargs))
+
+    def add_exception_handler(
+        self,
+        exc_class_or_status_code: int | type[Exception],
+        handler: ExceptionHandler,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.exception_handlers[exc_class_or_status_code] = handler
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        route: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.router.add_route(path, route, methods=methods, name=name, include_in_schema=include_in_schema)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/authentication.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/authentication.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63c4da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/authentication.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, Request
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+
+
+def has_required_scope(conn: HTTPConnection, scopes: Sequence[str]) -> bool:
+    for scope in scopes:
+        if scope not in conn.auth.scopes:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def requires(
+    scopes: str | Sequence[str],
+    status_code: int = 403,
+    redirect: str | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[_P, Any]], Callable[_P, Any]]:
+    scopes_list = [scopes] if isinstance(scopes, str) else list(scopes)
+
+    def decorator(
+        func: Callable[_P, Any],
+    ) -> Callable[_P, Any]:
+        sig = inspect.signature(func)
+        for idx, parameter in enumerate(sig.parameters.values()):
+            if parameter.name == "request" or parameter.name == "websocket":
+                type_ = parameter.name
+                break
+        else:
+            raise Exception(f'No "request" or "websocket" argument on function "{func}"')
+
+        if type_ == "websocket":
+            # Handle websocket functions. (Always async)
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            async def websocket_wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> None:
+                websocket = kwargs.get("websocket", args[idx] if idx < len(args) else None)
+                assert isinstance(websocket, WebSocket), (
+                    "Parameter with name 'websocket' is required to be of type 'WebSocket'"
+                    f" not '{type(websocket).__name__}'"
+                )
+
+                if not has_required_scope(websocket, scopes_list):
+                    await websocket.close()
+                else:
+                    await func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return websocket_wrapper
+
+        elif is_async_callable(func):
+            # Handle async request/response functions.
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            async def async_wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> Any:
+                request = kwargs.get("request", args[idx] if idx < len(args) else None)
+                assert isinstance(request, Request), (
+                    f"Parameter with name 'request' is required to be of type 'Request' not '{type(request).__name__}'"
+                )
+
+                if not has_required_scope(request, scopes_list):
+                    if redirect is not None:
+                        orig_request_qparam = urlencode({"next": str(request.url)})
+                        next_url = f"{request.url_for(redirect)}?{orig_request_qparam}"
+                        return RedirectResponse(url=next_url, status_code=303)
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=status_code)
+                return await func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return async_wrapper
+
+        else:
+            # Handle sync request/response functions.
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            def sync_wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> Any:
+                request = kwargs.get("request", args[idx] if idx < len(args) else None)
+                assert isinstance(request, Request), (
+                    f"Parameter with name 'request' is required to be of type 'Request' not '{type(request).__name__}'"
+                )
+
+                if not has_required_scope(request, scopes_list):
+                    if redirect is not None:
+                        orig_request_qparam = urlencode({"next": str(request.url)})
+                        next_url = f"{request.url_for(redirect)}?{orig_request_qparam}"
+                        return RedirectResponse(url=next_url, status_code=303)
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=status_code)
+                return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return sync_wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+class AuthenticationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class AuthenticationBackend:
+    async def authenticate(self, conn: HTTPConnection) -> tuple[AuthCredentials, BaseUser] | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AuthCredentials:
+    def __init__(self, scopes: Sequence[str] | None = None):
+        self.scopes = [] if scopes is None else list(scopes)
+
+
+class BaseUser:
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def identity(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class SimpleUser(BaseUser):
+    def __init__(self, username: str) -> None:
+        self.username = username
+
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.username
+
+
+class UnauthenticatedUser(BaseUser):
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        return ""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/background.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/background.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55135ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/background.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class BackgroundTask:
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[P, Any], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        self.func = func
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.is_async = is_async_callable(func)
+
+    async def __call__(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_async:
+            await self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        else:
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.func, *self.args, **self.kwargs)
+
+
+class BackgroundTasks(BackgroundTask):
+    def __init__(self, tasks: Sequence[BackgroundTask] | None = None):
+        self.tasks = list(tasks) if tasks else []
+
+    def add_task(self, func: Callable[P, Any], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        task = BackgroundTask(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.tasks.append(task)
+
+    async def __call__(self) -> None:
+        for task in self.tasks:
+            await task()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/concurrency.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/concurrency.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2c55be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/concurrency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable, Iterator
+from typing import ParamSpec, TypeVar
+
+import anyio.to_thread
+
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+async def run_until_first_complete(*args: tuple[Callable, dict]) -> None:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    warnings.warn(
+        "run_until_first_complete is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.",
+        StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    async with anyio.create_task_group() as task_group:
+
+        async def run(func: Callable[[], Coroutine]) -> None:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+            await func()
+            task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+        for func, kwargs in args:
+            task_group.start_soon(run, functools.partial(func, **kwargs))
+
+
+async def run_in_threadpool(func: Callable[P, T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+    func = functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
+    return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(func)
+
+
+class _StopIteration(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _next(iterator: Iterator[T]) -> T:
+    # We can't raise `StopIteration` from within the threadpool iterator
+    # and catch it outside that context, so we coerce them into a different
+    # exception type.
+    try:
+        return next(iterator)
+    except StopIteration:
+        raise _StopIteration
+
+
+async def iterate_in_threadpool(
+    iterator: Iterable[T],
+) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
+    as_iterator = iter(iterator)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            yield await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(_next, as_iterator)
+        except _StopIteration:
+            break
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56c25ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, overload
+
+
+class undefined:
+    pass
+
+
+class EnvironError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Environ(MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    def __init__(self, environ: MutableMapping[str, str] = os.environ):
+        self._environ = environ
+        self._has_been_read: set[str] = set()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        self._has_been_read.add(key)
+        return self._environ.__getitem__(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        if key in self._has_been_read:
+            raise EnvironError(f"Attempting to set environ['{key}'], but the value has already been read.")
+        self._environ.__setitem__(key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        if key in self._has_been_read:
+            raise EnvironError(f"Attempting to delete environ['{key}'], but the value has already been read.")
+        self._environ.__delitem__(key)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._environ)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._environ)
+
+
+environ = Environ()
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Config:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        env_file: str | Path | None = None,
+        environ: Mapping[str, str] = environ,
+        env_prefix: str = "",
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.environ = environ
+        self.env_prefix = env_prefix
+        self.file_values: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if env_file is not None:
+            if not os.path.isfile(env_file):
+                warnings.warn(f"Config file '{env_file}' not found.")
+            else:
+                self.file_values = self._read_file(env_file, encoding)
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, *, default: None) -> str | None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, cast: type[T], default: T = ...) -> T: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, cast: type[str] = ..., default: str = ...) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], T] = ...,
+        default: Any = ...,
+    ) -> T: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, cast: type[str] = ..., default: T = ...) -> T | str: ...
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        default: Any = undefined,
+    ) -> Any:
+        return self.get(key, cast, default)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        default: Any = undefined,
+    ) -> Any:
+        key = self.env_prefix + key
+        if key in self.environ:
+            value = self.environ[key]
+            return self._perform_cast(key, value, cast)
+        if key in self.file_values:
+            value = self.file_values[key]
+            return self._perform_cast(key, value, cast)
+        if default is not undefined:
+            return self._perform_cast(key, default, cast)
+        raise KeyError(f"Config '{key}' is missing, and has no default.")
+
+    def _read_file(self, file_name: str | Path, encoding: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+        file_values: dict[str, str] = {}
+        with open(file_name, encoding=encoding) as input_file:
+            for line in input_file.readlines():
+                line = line.strip()
+                if "=" in line and not line.startswith("#"):
+                    key, value = line.split("=", 1)
+                    key = key.strip()
+                    value = value.strip().strip("\"'")
+                    file_values[key] = value
+        return file_values
+
+    def _perform_cast(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: Any,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if cast is None or value is None:
+            return value
+        elif cast is bool and isinstance(value, str):
+            mapping = {"true": True, "1": True, "false": False, "0": False}
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value not in mapping:
+                raise ValueError(f"Config '{key}' has value '{value}'. Not a valid bool.")
+            return mapping[value]
+        try:
+            return cast(value)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError(f"Config '{key}' has value '{value}'. Not a valid {cast.__name__}.")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/convertors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/convertors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72b1cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/convertors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Convertor(Generic[T]):
+    regex: ClassVar[str] = ""
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> T:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def to_string(self, value: T) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class StringConvertor(Convertor[str]):
+    regex = "[^/]+"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+    def to_string(self, value: str) -> str:
+        value = str(value)
+        assert "/" not in value, "May not contain path separators"
+        assert value, "Must not be empty"
+        return value
+
+
+class PathConvertor(Convertor[str]):
+    regex = ".*"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class IntegerConvertor(Convertor[int]):
+    regex = "[0-9]+"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> int:
+        return int(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: int) -> str:
+        value = int(value)
+        assert value >= 0, "Negative integers are not supported"
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class FloatConvertor(Convertor[float]):
+    regex = r"[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> float:
+        return float(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: float) -> str:
+        value = float(value)
+        assert value >= 0.0, "Negative floats are not supported"
+        assert not math.isnan(value), "NaN values are not supported"
+        assert not math.isinf(value), "Infinite values are not supported"
+        return ("%0.20f" % value).rstrip("0").rstrip(".")
+
+
+class UUIDConvertor(Convertor[uuid.UUID]):
+    regex = "[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{12}"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> uuid.UUID:
+        return uuid.UUID(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: uuid.UUID) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+
+CONVERTOR_TYPES: dict[str, Convertor[Any]] = {
+    "str": StringConvertor(),
+    "path": PathConvertor(),
+    "int": IntegerConvertor(),
+    "float": FloatConvertor(),
+    "uuid": UUIDConvertor(),
+}
+
+
+def register_url_convertor(key: str, convertor: Convertor[Any]) -> None:
+    CONVERTOR_TYPES[key] = convertor
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/datastructures.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/datastructures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33ecb1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/datastructures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from collections.abc import ItemsView, Iterable, Iterator, KeysView, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence, ValuesView
+from shlex import shlex
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Literal, NamedTuple, TypeVar, cast
+from urllib.parse import SplitResult, parse_qsl, urlencode, urlsplit
+
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.types import Scope
+
+
+class Address(NamedTuple):
+    host: str
+    port: int
+
+
+_KeyType = TypeVar("_KeyType")
+# Mapping keys are invariant but their values are covariant since
+# you can only read them
+# that is, you can't do `Mapping[str, Animal]()["fido"] = Dog()`
+_CovariantValueType = TypeVar("_CovariantValueType", covariant=True)
+
+# Rejects Host header chars (/, ?, #, @, ...) that would let urlsplit produce a path differing from scope["path"].
+_HOST_RE = re.compile(r"^([a-z0-9.-]+|\[[a-f0-9]*:[a-f0-9.:]+\])(?::[0-9]+)?$", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+class URL:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str = "",
+        scope: Scope | None = None,
+        **components: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if scope is not None:
+            assert not url, 'Cannot set both "url" and "scope".'
+            assert not components, 'Cannot set both "scope" and "**components".'
+            scheme = scope.get("scheme", "http")
+            server = scope.get("server", None)
+            path = scope["path"]
+            query_string = scope.get("query_string", b"")
+
+            host_header = None
+            for key, value in scope["headers"]:
+                if key == b"host":
+                    host_header = value.decode("latin-1")
+                    break
+
+            if host_header is not None and _HOST_RE.fullmatch(host_header):
+                netloc = host_header
+            elif server is not None:
+                host, port = server
+                default_port = {"http": 80, "https": 443, "ws": 80, "wss": 443}[scheme]
+                netloc = host if port == default_port else f"{host}:{port}"
+            else:
+                netloc = None
+
+            query = query_string.decode()
+            if netloc is not None:
+                url = SplitResult(scheme=scheme, netloc=netloc, path=path, query=query, fragment="").geturl()
+            else:
+                url = f"{path}?{query}" if query else path
+        elif components:
+            assert not url, 'Cannot set both "url" and "**components".'
+            url = URL("").replace(**components).components.geturl()
+
+        self._url = url
+
+    @property
+    def components(self) -> SplitResult:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_components"):
+            self._components = urlsplit(self._url)
+        return self._components
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.netloc
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.query
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.fragment
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> None | str:
+        return self.components.username
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> None | str:
+        return self.components.password
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self) -> None | str:
+        return self.components.hostname
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.components.port
+
+    @property
+    def is_secure(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme in ("https", "wss")
+
+    def replace(self, **kwargs: Any) -> URL:
+        if "username" in kwargs or "password" in kwargs or "hostname" in kwargs or "port" in kwargs:
+            hostname = kwargs.pop("hostname", None)
+            port = kwargs.pop("port", self.port)
+            username = kwargs.pop("username", self.username)
+            password = kwargs.pop("password", self.password)
+
+            if hostname is None:
+                netloc = self.netloc
+                _, _, hostname = netloc.rpartition("@")
+
+                if hostname and hostname[-1] != "]":
+                    hostname = hostname.rsplit(":", 1)[0]
+
+            netloc = hostname
+            if port is not None:
+                netloc += f":{port}"
+            if username is not None:
+                userpass = username
+                if password is not None:
+                    userpass += f":{password}"
+                netloc = f"{userpass}@{netloc}"
+
+            kwargs["netloc"] = netloc
+
+        components = self.components._replace(**kwargs)
+        return self.__class__(components.geturl())
+
+    def include_query_params(self, **kwargs: Any) -> URL:
+        params = MultiDict(parse_qsl(self.query, keep_blank_values=True))
+        params.update({str(key): str(value) for key, value in kwargs.items()})
+        query = urlencode(params.multi_items())
+        return self.replace(query=query)
+
+    def replace_query_params(self, **kwargs: Any) -> URL:
+        query = urlencode([(str(key), str(value)) for key, value in kwargs.items()])
+        return self.replace(query=query)
+
+    def remove_query_params(self, keys: str | Sequence[str]) -> URL:
+        if isinstance(keys, str):
+            keys = [keys]
+        params = MultiDict(parse_qsl(self.query, keep_blank_values=True))
+        for key in keys:
+            params.pop(key, None)
+        query = urlencode(params.multi_items())
+        return self.replace(query=query)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return str(self) == str(other)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._url
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        url = str(self)
+        if self.password:
+            url = str(self.replace(password="********"))
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({repr(url)})"
+
+
+class URLPath(str):
+    """
+    A URL path string that may also hold an associated protocol and/or host.
+    Used by the routing to return `url_path_for` matches.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, path: str, protocol: Literal["http", "websocket", ""] = "", host: str = "") -> URLPath:
+        assert protocol in ("http", "websocket", "")
+        return str.__new__(cls, path)
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str, protocol: Literal["http", "websocket", ""] = "", host: str = "") -> None:
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.host = host
+
+    def make_absolute_url(self, base_url: str | URL) -> URL:
+        if isinstance(base_url, str):
+            base_url = URL(base_url)
+        if self.protocol:
+            scheme = {
+                "http": {True: "https", False: "http"},
+                "websocket": {True: "wss", False: "ws"},
+            }[self.protocol][base_url.is_secure]
+        else:
+            scheme = base_url.scheme
+
+        netloc = self.host or base_url.netloc
+        path = base_url.path.rstrip("/") + str(self)
+        return URL(scheme=scheme, netloc=netloc, path=path)
+
+
+class Secret:
+    """
+    Holds a string value that should not be revealed in tracebacks etc.
+    You should cast the value to `str` at the point it is required.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str):
+        self._value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"{class_name}('**********')"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._value)
+
+
+class CommaSeparatedStrings(Sequence[str]):
+    def __init__(self, value: str | Sequence[str]):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            splitter = shlex(value, posix=True)
+            splitter.whitespace = ","
+            splitter.whitespace_split = True
+            self._items = [item.strip() for item in splitter]
+        else:
+            self._items = list(value)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._items)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int | slice) -> Any:
+        return self._items[index]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._items)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        items = [item for item in self]
+        return f"{class_name}({items!r})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return ", ".join(repr(item) for item in self)
+
+
+class ImmutableMultiDict(Mapping[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]):
+    _dict: dict[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: ImmutableMultiDict[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]
+        | Mapping[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]
+        | Iterable[tuple[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+
+        value: Any = args[0] if args else []
+        if kwargs:
+            value = ImmutableMultiDict(value).multi_items() + ImmutableMultiDict(kwargs).multi_items()
+
+        if not value:
+            _items: list[tuple[Any, Any]] = []
+        elif hasattr(value, "multi_items"):
+            value = cast(ImmutableMultiDict[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType], value)
+            _items = list(value.multi_items())
+        elif hasattr(value, "items"):
+            value = cast(Mapping[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType], value)
+            _items = list(value.items())
+        else:
+            value = cast("list[tuple[Any, Any]]", value)
+            _items = list(value)
+
+        self._dict = {k: v for k, v in _items}
+        self._list = _items
+
+    def getlist(self, key: Any) -> list[_CovariantValueType]:
+        return [item_value for item_key, item_value in self._list if item_key == key]
+
+    def keys(self) -> KeysView[_KeyType]:
+        return self._dict.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> ValuesView[_CovariantValueType]:
+        return self._dict.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> ItemsView[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]:
+        return self._dict.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]]:
+        return list(self._list)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: _KeyType) -> _CovariantValueType:
+        return self._dict[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: Any) -> bool:
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[_KeyType]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self._list) == sorted(other._list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        items = self.multi_items()
+        return f"{class_name}({items!r})"
+
+
+class MultiDict(ImmutableMultiDict[Any, Any]):
+    def __setitem__(self, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.setlist(key, [value])
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: Any) -> None:
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k != key]
+        del self._dict[key]
+
+    def pop(self, key: Any, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k != key]
+        return self._dict.pop(key, default)
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
+        key, value = self._dict.popitem()
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k != key]
+        return key, value
+
+    def poplist(self, key: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        values = [v for k, v in self._list if k == key]
+        self.pop(key)
+        return values
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self._dict.clear()
+        self._list.clear()
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: Any, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        if key not in self:
+            self._dict[key] = default
+            self._list.append((key, default))
+
+        return self[key]
+
+    def setlist(self, key: Any, values: list[Any]) -> None:
+        if not values:
+            self.pop(key, None)
+        else:
+            existing_items = [(k, v) for (k, v) in self._list if k != key]
+            self._list = existing_items + [(key, value) for value in values]
+            self._dict[key] = values[-1]
+
+    def append(self, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._list.append((key, value))
+        self._dict[key] = value
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *args: MultiDict | Mapping[Any, Any] | list[tuple[Any, Any]],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        value = MultiDict(*args, **kwargs)
+        existing_items = [(k, v) for (k, v) in self._list if k not in value.keys()]
+        self._list = existing_items + value.multi_items()
+        self._dict.update(value)
+
+
+class QueryParams(ImmutableMultiDict[str, str]):
+    """
+    An immutable multidict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: ImmutableMultiDict[Any, Any] | Mapping[Any, Any] | list[tuple[Any, Any]] | str | bytes,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+
+        value = args[0] if args else []
+
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            super().__init__(parse_qsl(value, keep_blank_values=True), **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+            super().__init__(parse_qsl(value.decode("latin-1"), keep_blank_values=True), **kwargs)
+        else:
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self._list = [(str(k), str(v)) for k, v in self._list]
+        self._dict = {str(k): str(v) for k, v in self._dict.items()}
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return urlencode(self._list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        query_string = str(self)
+        return f"{class_name}({query_string!r})"
+
+
+class UploadFile:
+    """
+    An uploaded file included as part of the request data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file: BinaryIO,
+        *,
+        size: int | None = None,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        headers: Headers | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.file = file
+        self.size = size
+        self.headers = headers or Headers()
+
+        # Capture max size from SpooledTemporaryFile if one is provided. This slightly speeds up future checks.
+        # Note 0 means unlimited mirroring SpooledTemporaryFile's __init__
+        self._max_mem_size = getattr(self.file, "_max_size", 0)
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.headers.get("content-type", None)
+
+    @property
+    def _in_memory(self) -> bool:
+        # check for SpooledTemporaryFile._rolled
+        rolled_to_disk = getattr(self.file, "_rolled", True)
+        return not rolled_to_disk
+
+    def _will_roll(self, size_to_add: int) -> bool:
+        # If we're not in_memory then we will always roll
+        if not self._in_memory:
+            return True
+
+        # Check for SpooledTemporaryFile._max_size
+        future_size = self.file.tell() + size_to_add
+        return bool(future_size > self._max_mem_size) if self._max_mem_size else False
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        new_data_len = len(data)
+        if self.size is not None:
+            self.size += new_data_len
+
+        if self._will_roll(new_data_len):
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.file.write, data)
+        else:
+            self.file.write(data)
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        if self._in_memory:
+            return self.file.read(size)
+        return await run_in_threadpool(self.file.read, size)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int) -> None:
+        if self._in_memory:
+            self.file.seek(offset)
+        else:
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.file.seek, offset)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._in_memory:
+            self.file.close()
+        else:
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.file.close)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(filename={self.filename!r}, size={self.size!r}, headers={self.headers!r})"
+
+
+class FormData(ImmutableMultiDict[str, UploadFile | str]):
+    """
+    An immutable multidict, containing both file uploads and text input.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: FormData | Mapping[str, str | UploadFile] | list[tuple[str, str | UploadFile]],
+        **kwargs: str | UploadFile,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        for key, value in self.multi_items():
+            if isinstance(value, UploadFile):
+                await value.close()
+
+
+class Headers(Mapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    An immutable, case-insensitive multidict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        raw: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        scope: MutableMapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._list: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+        if headers is not None:
+            assert raw is None, 'Cannot set both "headers" and "raw".'
+            assert scope is None, 'Cannot set both "headers" and "scope".'
+            self._list = [(key.lower().encode("latin-1"), value.encode("latin-1")) for key, value in headers.items()]
+        elif raw is not None:
+            assert scope is None, 'Cannot set both "raw" and "scope".'
+            self._list = raw
+        elif scope is not None:
+            # scope["headers"] isn't necessarily a list
+            # it might be a tuple or other iterable
+            self._list = scope["headers"] = list(scope["headers"])
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return list(self._list)
+
+    def keys(self) -> list[str]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [key.decode("latin-1") for key, value in self._list]
+
+    def values(self) -> list[str]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [value.decode("latin-1") for key, value in self._list]
+
+    def items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [(key.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1")) for key, value in self._list]
+
+    def getlist(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        return [item_value.decode("latin-1") for item_key, item_value in self._list if item_key == get_header_key]
+
+    def mutablecopy(self) -> MutableHeaders:
+        return MutableHeaders(raw=self._list[:])
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        for header_key, header_value in self._list:
+            if header_key == get_header_key:
+                return header_value.decode("latin-1")
+        raise KeyError(key)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: Any) -> bool:
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        for header_key, header_value in self._list:
+            if header_key == get_header_key:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._list)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Headers):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self._list) == sorted(other._list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        as_dict = dict(self.items())
+        if len(as_dict) == len(self):
+            return f"{class_name}({as_dict!r})"
+        return f"{class_name}(raw={self.raw!r})"
+
+
+class MutableHeaders(Headers):
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the header `key` to `value`, removing any duplicate entries.
+        Retains insertion order.
+        """
+        set_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        set_value = value.encode("latin-1")
+
+        found_indexes: list[int] = []
+        for idx, (item_key, item_value) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == set_key:
+                found_indexes.append(idx)
+
+        for idx in reversed(found_indexes[1:]):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+        if found_indexes:
+            idx = found_indexes[0]
+            self._list[idx] = (set_key, set_value)
+        else:
+            self._list.append((set_key, set_value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove the header `key`.
+        """
+        del_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+
+        pop_indexes: list[int] = []
+        for idx, (item_key, item_value) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == del_key:
+                pop_indexes.append(idx)
+
+        for idx in reversed(pop_indexes):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+    def __ior__(self, other: Mapping[str, str]) -> MutableHeaders:
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected a mapping but got {other.__class__.__name__}")
+        self.update(other)
+        return self
+
+    def __or__(self, other: Mapping[str, str]) -> MutableHeaders:
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected a mapping but got {other.__class__.__name__}")
+        new = self.mutablecopy()
+        new.update(other)
+        return new
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return self._list
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, value: str) -> str:
+        """
+        If the header `key` does not exist, then set it to `value`.
+        Returns the header value.
+        """
+        set_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        set_value = value.encode("latin-1")
+
+        for idx, (item_key, item_value) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == set_key:
+                return item_value.decode("latin-1")
+        self._list.append((set_key, set_value))
+        return value
+
+    def update(self, other: Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, val in other.items():
+            self[key] = val
+
+    def append(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Append a header, preserving any duplicate entries.
+        """
+        append_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        append_value = value.encode("latin-1")
+        self._list.append((append_key, append_value))
+
+    def add_vary_header(self, vary: str) -> None:
+        existing = self.get("vary")
+        if existing is not None:
+            vary = ", ".join([existing, vary])
+        self["vary"] = vary
+
+
+class State:
+    """
+    An object that can be used to store arbitrary state.
+
+    Used for `request.state` and `app.state`.
+    """
+
+    _state: dict[str, Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, state: dict[str, Any] | None = None):
+        if state is None:
+            state = {}
+        super().__setattr__("_state", state)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._state[key] = value
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return self._state[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            message = "'{}' object has no attribute '{}'"
+            raise AttributeError(message.format(self.__class__.__name__, key))
+
+    def __delattr__(self, key: Any) -> None:
+        del self._state[key]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self._state[key]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._state[key] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        del self._state[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._state)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._state)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/endpoints.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/endpoints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd51dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/endpoints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from starlette import status
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+
+class HTTPEndpoint:
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.receive = receive
+        self.send = send
+        self._allowed_methods = [
+            method
+            for method in ("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+            if getattr(self, method.lower(), None) is not None
+        ]
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        return self.dispatch().__await__()
+
+    async def dispatch(self) -> None:
+        request = Request(self.scope, receive=self.receive)
+        handler_name = "get" if request.method == "HEAD" and not hasattr(self, "head") else request.method.lower()
+
+        handler: Callable[[Request], Any]
+        if request.method in self._allowed_methods or (request.method == "HEAD" and "GET" in self._allowed_methods):
+            handler = getattr(self, handler_name)
+        else:
+            handler = self.method_not_allowed
+        is_async = is_async_callable(handler)
+        if is_async:
+            response = await handler(request)
+        else:
+            response = await run_in_threadpool(handler, request)
+        await response(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
+
+    async def method_not_allowed(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        # If we're running inside a starlette application then raise an
+        # exception, so that the configurable exception handler can deal with
+        # returning the response. For plain ASGI apps, just return the response.
+        headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(self._allowed_methods)}
+        if "app" in self.scope:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
+        return PlainTextResponse("Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers)
+
+
+class WebSocketEndpoint:
+    encoding: Literal["text", "bytes", "json"] | None = None
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "websocket"
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.receive = receive
+        self.send = send
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        return self.dispatch().__await__()
+
+    async def dispatch(self) -> None:
+        websocket = WebSocket(self.scope, receive=self.receive, send=self.send)
+        await self.on_connect(websocket)
+
+        close_code = status.WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                message = await websocket.receive()
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.receive":
+                    data = await self.decode(websocket, message)
+                    await self.on_receive(websocket, data)
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":  # pragma: no branch
+                    close_code = int(message.get("code") or status.WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE)
+                    break
+        except Exception as exc:
+            close_code = status.WS_1011_INTERNAL_ERROR
+            raise exc
+        finally:
+            await self.on_disconnect(websocket, close_code)
+
+    async def decode(self, websocket: WebSocket, message: Message) -> Any:
+        if self.encoding == "text":
+            if "text" not in message:
+                await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
+                raise RuntimeError("Expected text websocket messages, but got bytes")
+            return message["text"]
+
+        elif self.encoding == "bytes":
+            if "bytes" not in message:
+                await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
+                raise RuntimeError("Expected bytes websocket messages, but got text")
+            return message["bytes"]
+
+        elif self.encoding == "json":
+            if message.get("text") is not None:
+                text = message["text"]
+            else:
+                text = message["bytes"].decode("utf-8")
+
+            try:
+                return json.loads(text)
+            except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
+                await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
+                raise RuntimeError("Malformed JSON data received.")
+
+        assert self.encoding is None, f"Unsupported 'encoding' attribute {self.encoding}"
+        return message["text"] if message.get("text") else message["bytes"]
+
+    async def on_connect(self, websocket: WebSocket) -> None:
+        """Override to handle an incoming websocket connection"""
+        await websocket.accept()
+
+    async def on_receive(self, websocket: WebSocket, data: Any) -> None:
+        """Override to handle an incoming websocket message"""
+
+    async def on_disconnect(self, websocket: WebSocket, close_code: int) -> None:
+        """Override to handle a disconnecting websocket"""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cab4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+
+class HTTPException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, detail: str | None = None, headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
+        if detail is None:
+            detail = http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.detail = detail
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.status_code}: {self.detail}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"{class_name}(status_code={self.status_code!r}, detail={self.detail!r})"
+
+
+class WebSocketException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code: int, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self.reason = reason or ""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.code}: {self.reason}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"{class_name}(code={self.code!r}, reason={self.reason!r})"
+
+
+class StarletteDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
+    """A custom deprecation warning for Starlette.
+
+    Unlike the built-in DeprecationWarning, this inherits from UserWarning to ensure it is visible by default, helping
+    users discover deprecated features without needing to enable warnings explicitly.
+
+    Reference: https://sethmlarson.dev/deprecations-via-warnings-dont-work-for-python-libraries
+    """
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/formparsers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/formparsers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f3c598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/formparsers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum
+from tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from urllib.parse import unquote_plus
+
+from starlette.datastructures import FormData, Headers, UploadFile
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import python_multipart as multipart
+    from python_multipart.multipart import MultipartCallbacks, QuerystringCallbacks, parse_options_header
+else:
+    try:
+        try:
+            import python_multipart as multipart
+            from python_multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+            import multipart
+            from multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        multipart = None
+        parse_options_header = None
+
+
+class FormMessage(Enum):
+    FIELD_START = 1
+    FIELD_NAME = 2
+    FIELD_DATA = 3
+    FIELD_END = 4
+    END = 5
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MultipartPart:
+    content_disposition: bytes | None = None
+    field_name: str = ""
+    data: bytearray = field(default_factory=bytearray)
+    file: UploadFile | None = None
+    item_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _user_safe_decode(src: bytes | bytearray, codec: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        return src.decode(codec)
+    except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
+        return src.decode("latin-1")
+
+
+class MultiPartException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+
+
+class FormParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncGenerator[bytes, None],
+        *,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,  # 1MB
+    ) -> None:
+        assert multipart is not None, "The `python-multipart` library must be installed to use form parsing."
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.max_fields = max_fields
+        self.max_part_size = max_part_size
+        self.messages: list[tuple[FormMessage, bytes]] = []
+        self._current_field_size = 0
+        self._current_fields = 0
+
+    def on_field_start(self) -> None:
+        self._current_field_size = 0
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_START, b"")
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_field_name(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_field_size += end - start
+        if self._current_field_size > self.max_part_size:
+            raise MultiPartException(f"Field exceeded maximum size of {int(self.max_part_size / 1024)}KB.")
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_NAME, data[start:end])
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_field_data(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_field_size += end - start
+        if self._current_field_size > self.max_part_size:
+            raise MultiPartException(f"Field exceeded maximum size of {int(self.max_part_size / 1024)}KB.")
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_DATA, data[start:end])
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_field_end(self) -> None:
+        self._current_fields += 1
+        if self._current_fields > self.max_fields:
+            raise MultiPartException(f"Too many fields. Maximum number of fields is {self.max_fields}.")
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_END, b"")
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        message = (FormMessage.END, b"")
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    async def parse(self) -> FormData:
+        # Callbacks dictionary.
+        callbacks: QuerystringCallbacks = {
+            "on_field_start": self.on_field_start,
+            "on_field_name": self.on_field_name,
+            "on_field_data": self.on_field_data,
+            "on_field_end": self.on_field_end,
+            "on_end": self.on_end,
+        }
+
+        # Create the parser.
+        parser = multipart.QuerystringParser(callbacks)
+        field_name = bytearray()
+        field_value = bytearray()
+
+        items: list[tuple[str, str | UploadFile]] = []
+
+        # Feed the parser with data from the request.
+        async for chunk in self.stream:
+            if chunk:
+                parser.write(chunk)
+            else:
+                parser.finalize()
+            messages = list(self.messages)
+            self.messages.clear()
+            for message_type, message_bytes in messages:
+                if message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_START:
+                    field_name = bytearray()
+                    field_value = bytearray()
+                elif message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_NAME:
+                    field_name.extend(message_bytes)
+                elif message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_DATA:
+                    field_value.extend(message_bytes)
+                elif message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_END:
+                    name = unquote_plus(field_name.decode("latin-1"))
+                    value = unquote_plus(field_value.decode("latin-1"))
+                    items.append((name, value))
+
+        return FormData(items)
+
+
+class MultiPartParser:
+    spool_max_size = 1024 * 1024  # 1MB
+    """The maximum size of the spooled temporary file used to store file data."""
+    max_part_size = 1024 * 1024  # 1MB
+    """The maximum size of a part in the multipart request."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncGenerator[bytes, None],
+        *,
+        max_files: int | float = 1000,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,  # 1MB
+    ) -> None:
+        assert multipart is not None, "The `python-multipart` library must be installed to use form parsing."
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.max_files = max_files
+        self.max_fields = max_fields
+        self.items: list[tuple[str, str | UploadFile]] = []
+        self._current_files = 0
+        self._current_fields = 0
+        self._current_partial_header_name: bytes = b""
+        self._current_partial_header_value: bytes = b""
+        self._current_part = MultipartPart()
+        self._charset = ""
+        self._file_parts_to_write: list[tuple[MultipartPart, bytes]] = []
+        self._file_parts_to_finish: list[MultipartPart] = []
+        self._files_to_close_on_error: list[SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes]] = []
+        self.max_part_size = max_part_size
+
+    def on_part_begin(self) -> None:
+        self._current_part = MultipartPart()
+
+    def on_part_data(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        message_bytes = data[start:end]
+        if self._current_part.file is None:
+            if len(self._current_part.data) + len(message_bytes) > self.max_part_size:
+                raise MultiPartException(f"Part exceeded maximum size of {int(self.max_part_size / 1024)}KB.")
+            self._current_part.data.extend(message_bytes)
+        else:
+            self._file_parts_to_write.append((self._current_part, message_bytes))
+
+    def on_part_end(self) -> None:
+        if self._current_part.file is None:
+            self.items.append(
+                (
+                    self._current_part.field_name,
+                    _user_safe_decode(self._current_part.data, self._charset),
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            self._file_parts_to_finish.append(self._current_part)
+            # The file can be added to the items right now even though it's not
+            # finished yet, because it will be finished in the `parse()` method, before
+            # self.items is used in the return value.
+            self.items.append((self._current_part.field_name, self._current_part.file))
+
+    def on_header_field(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_partial_header_name += data[start:end]
+
+    def on_header_value(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_partial_header_value += data[start:end]
+
+    def on_header_end(self) -> None:
+        field = self._current_partial_header_name.lower()
+        if field == b"content-disposition":
+            self._current_part.content_disposition = self._current_partial_header_value
+        self._current_part.item_headers.append((field, self._current_partial_header_value))
+        self._current_partial_header_name = b""
+        self._current_partial_header_value = b""
+
+    def on_headers_finished(self) -> None:
+        disposition, options = parse_options_header(self._current_part.content_disposition)
+        try:
+            self._current_part.field_name = _user_safe_decode(options[b"name"], self._charset)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise MultiPartException('The Content-Disposition header field "name" must be provided.')
+        if b"filename" in options:
+            self._current_files += 1
+            if self._current_files > self.max_files:
+                raise MultiPartException(f"Too many files. Maximum number of files is {self.max_files}.")
+            filename = _user_safe_decode(options[b"filename"], self._charset)
+            tempfile = SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=self.spool_max_size)
+            self._files_to_close_on_error.append(tempfile)
+            self._current_part.file = UploadFile(
+                file=tempfile,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                size=0,
+                filename=filename,
+                headers=Headers(raw=self._current_part.item_headers),
+            )
+        else:
+            self._current_fields += 1
+            if self._current_fields > self.max_fields:
+                raise MultiPartException(f"Too many fields. Maximum number of fields is {self.max_fields}.")
+            self._current_part.file = None
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def parse(self) -> FormData:
+        # Parse the Content-Type header to get the multipart boundary.
+        _, params = parse_options_header(self.headers["Content-Type"])
+        charset = params.get(b"charset", "utf-8")
+        if isinstance(charset, bytes):
+            charset = charset.decode("latin-1")
+        self._charset = charset
+        try:
+            boundary = params[b"boundary"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise MultiPartException("Missing boundary in multipart.")
+
+        # Callbacks dictionary.
+        callbacks: MultipartCallbacks = {
+            "on_part_begin": self.on_part_begin,
+            "on_part_data": self.on_part_data,
+            "on_part_end": self.on_part_end,
+            "on_header_field": self.on_header_field,
+            "on_header_value": self.on_header_value,
+            "on_header_end": self.on_header_end,
+            "on_headers_finished": self.on_headers_finished,
+            "on_end": self.on_end,
+        }
+
+        # Create the parser.
+        parser = multipart.MultipartParser(boundary, callbacks)
+        try:
+            # Feed the parser with data from the request.
+            async for chunk in self.stream:
+                parser.write(chunk)
+                # Write file data, it needs to use await with the UploadFile methods
+                # that call the corresponding file methods *in a threadpool*,
+                # otherwise, if they were called directly in the callback methods above
+                # (regular, non-async functions), that would block the event loop in
+                # the main thread.
+                for part, data in self._file_parts_to_write:
+                    assert part.file  # for type checkers
+                    await part.file.write(data)
+                for part in self._file_parts_to_finish:
+                    assert part.file  # for type checkers
+                    await part.file.seek(0)
+                self._file_parts_to_write.clear()
+                self._file_parts_to_finish.clear()
+            parser.finalize()
+        except (MultiPartException, OSError) as exc:
+            # Close all the files if there was an error.
+            for file in self._files_to_close_on_error:
+                file.close()
+            raise exc
+
+        return FormData(self.items)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8d47d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Iterator
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec, Protocol
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+_Scope = Any
+_Receive = Callable[[], Awaitable[Any]]
+_Send = Callable[[Any], Awaitable[None]]
+# Since `starlette.types.ASGIApp` type differs from `ASGIApplication` from `asgiref`
+# we need to define a more permissive version of ASGIApp that doesn't cause type errors.
+_ASGIApp = Callable[[_Scope, _Receive, _Send], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+class _MiddlewareFactory(Protocol[P]):
+    def __call__(self, app: _ASGIApp, /, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> _ASGIApp: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class Middleware:
+    def __init__(self, cls: _MiddlewareFactory[P], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        self.cls = cls
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]:
+        as_tuple = (self.cls, self.args, self.kwargs)
+        return iter(as_tuple)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        args_strings = [f"{value!r}" for value in self.args]
+        option_strings = [f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in self.kwargs.items()]
+        name = getattr(self.cls, "__name__", "")
+        args_repr = ", ".join([name] + args_strings + option_strings)
+        return f"{class_name}({args_repr})"
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/authentication.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/authentication.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935385f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/authentication.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+from starlette.authentication import (
+    AuthCredentials,
+    AuthenticationBackend,
+    AuthenticationError,
+    UnauthenticatedUser,
+)
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class AuthenticationMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        backend: AuthenticationBackend,
+        on_error: Callable[[HTTPConnection, AuthenticationError], Response] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.backend = backend
+        self.on_error: Callable[[HTTPConnection, AuthenticationError], Response] = (
+            on_error if on_error is not None else self.default_on_error
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] not in ["http", "websocket"]:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        conn = HTTPConnection(scope)
+        try:
+            auth_result = await self.backend.authenticate(conn)
+        except AuthenticationError as exc:
+            response = self.on_error(conn, exc)
+            if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+                await send({"type": "websocket.close", "code": 1000})
+            else:
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        if auth_result is None:
+            auth_result = AuthCredentials(), UnauthenticatedUser()
+        scope["auth"], scope["user"] = auth_result
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def default_on_error(conn: HTTPConnection, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        return PlainTextResponse(str(exc), status_code=400)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/base.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2579c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterable, Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+import anyio
+
+from starlette._utils import create_collapsing_task_group
+from starlette.requests import ClientDisconnect, Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+RequestResponseEndpoint = Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+DispatchFunction = Callable[[Request, RequestResponseEndpoint], Awaitable[Response]]
+BodyStreamGenerator = AsyncGenerator[bytes | MutableMapping[str, Any], None]
+AsyncContentStream = AsyncIterable[str | bytes | memoryview | MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class _CachedRequest(Request):
+    """
+    If the user calls Request.body() from their dispatch function
+    we cache the entire request body in memory and pass that to downstream middlewares,
+    but if they call Request.stream() then all we do is send an
+    empty body so that downstream things don't hang forever.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive):
+        super().__init__(scope, receive)
+        self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = False
+        self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = False
+        self._wrapped_rc_stream = self.stream()
+
+    async def wrapped_receive(self) -> Message:
+        # wrapped_rcv state 1: disconnected
+        if self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected:
+            # we've already sent a disconnect to the downstream app
+            # we don't need to wait to get another one
+            # (although most ASGI servers will just keep sending it)
+            return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+        # wrapped_rcv state 1: consumed but not yet disconnected
+        if self._wrapped_rcv_consumed:
+            # since the downstream app has consumed us all that is left
+            # is to send it a disconnect
+            if self._is_disconnected:
+                # the middleware has already seen the disconnect
+                # since we know the client is disconnected no need to wait
+                # for the message
+                self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = True
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+            # we don't know yet if the client is disconnected or not
+            # so we'll wait until we get that message
+            msg = await self.receive()
+            if msg["type"] != "http.disconnect":  # pragma: no cover
+                # at this point a disconnect is all that we should be receiving
+                # if we get something else, things went wrong somewhere
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected message received: {msg['type']}")
+            self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = True
+            return msg
+
+        # wrapped_rcv state 3: not yet consumed
+        if getattr(self, "_body", None) is not None:
+            # body() was called, we return it even if the client disconnected
+            self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = True
+            return {
+                "type": "http.request",
+                "body": self._body,
+                "more_body": False,
+            }
+        elif self._stream_consumed:
+            # stream() was called to completion
+            # return an empty body so that downstream apps don't hang
+            # waiting for a disconnect
+            self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = True
+            return {
+                "type": "http.request",
+                "body": b"",
+                "more_body": False,
+            }
+        else:
+            # body() was never called and stream() wasn't consumed
+            try:
+                stream = self.stream()
+                chunk = await stream.__anext__()
+                self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = self._stream_consumed
+                return {
+                    "type": "http.request",
+                    "body": chunk,
+                    "more_body": not self._stream_consumed,
+                }
+            except ClientDisconnect:
+                self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = True
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+
+class BaseHTTPMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, dispatch: DispatchFunction | None = None) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.dispatch_func = self.dispatch if dispatch is None else dispatch
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        request = _CachedRequest(scope, receive)
+        wrapped_receive = request.wrapped_receive
+        response_sent = anyio.Event()
+        app_exc: Exception | None = None
+        exception_already_raised = False
+
+        async def call_next(request: Request) -> Response:
+            async def receive_or_disconnect() -> Message:
+                if response_sent.is_set():
+                    return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+                async with anyio.create_task_group() as task_group:
+
+                    async def wrap(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[T]]) -> T:
+                        result = await func()
+                        task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                        return result
+
+                    task_group.start_soon(wrap, response_sent.wait)
+                    message = await wrap(wrapped_receive)
+
+                if response_sent.is_set():
+                    return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+                return message
+
+            async def send_no_error(message: Message) -> None:
+                try:
+                    await send_stream.send(message)
+                except anyio.BrokenResourceError:
+                    # recv_stream has been closed, i.e. response_sent has been set.
+                    return
+
+            async def coro() -> None:
+                nonlocal app_exc
+
+                with send_stream:
+                    try:
+                        await self.app(scope, receive_or_disconnect, send_no_error)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        app_exc = exc
+
+            task_group.start_soon(coro)
+
+            try:
+                message = await recv_stream.receive()
+                info = message.get("info", None)
+                if message["type"] == "http.response.debug" and info is not None:
+                    message = await recv_stream.receive()
+            except anyio.EndOfStream:
+                if app_exc is not None:
+                    nonlocal exception_already_raised
+                    exception_already_raised = True
+                    # Prevent `anyio.EndOfStream` from polluting app exception context.
+                    # If both cause and context are None then the context is suppressed
+                    # and `anyio.EndOfStream` is not present in the exception traceback.
+                    # If exception cause is not None then it is propagated with
+                    # reraising here.
+                    # If exception has no cause but has context set then the context is
+                    # propagated as a cause with the reraise. This is necessary in order
+                    # to prevent `anyio.EndOfStream` from polluting the exception
+                    # context.
+                    raise app_exc from app_exc.__cause__ or app_exc.__context__
+                raise RuntimeError("No response returned.")
+
+            assert message["type"] == "http.response.start"
+
+            async def body_stream() -> BodyStreamGenerator:
+                async for message in recv_stream:
+                    if message["type"] == "http.response.pathsend":
+                        yield message
+                        break
+                    assert message["type"] == "http.response.body", f"Unexpected message: {message}"
+                    body = message.get("body", b"")
+                    if body:
+                        yield body
+                    if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                        break
+
+            response = _StreamingResponse(status_code=message["status"], content=body_stream(), info=info)
+            response.raw_headers = message["headers"]
+            return response
+
+        streams: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[Message] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream()
+        send_stream, recv_stream = streams
+        with recv_stream, send_stream:
+            async with create_collapsing_task_group() as task_group:
+                response = await self.dispatch_func(request, call_next)
+                await response(scope, wrapped_receive, send)
+                response_sent.set()
+                recv_stream.close()
+        if app_exc is not None and not exception_already_raised:
+            raise app_exc
+
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class _StreamingResponse(Response):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: AsyncContentStream,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        info: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.info = info
+        self.body_iterator = content
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+        self.background = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.info is not None:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.debug", "info": self.info})
+        await send(
+            {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": self.status_code,
+                "headers": self.raw_headers,
+            }
+        )
+
+        should_close_body = True
+        async for chunk in self.body_iterator:
+            if isinstance(chunk, dict):
+                # We got an ASGI message which is not response body (eg: pathsend)
+                should_close_body = False
+                await send(chunk)
+                continue
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True})
+
+        if should_close_body:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+
+        if self.background:
+            await self.background()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/cors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/cors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65fc15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/cors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from starlette.datastructures import Headers, MutableHeaders
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+ALL_METHODS = ("DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PATCH", "POST", "PUT")
+SAFELISTED_HEADERS = {"Accept", "Accept-Language", "Content-Language", "Content-Type"}
+
+
+class CORSMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        allow_origins: Sequence[str] = (),
+        allow_methods: Sequence[str] = ("GET",),
+        allow_headers: Sequence[str] = (),
+        allow_credentials: bool = False,
+        allow_origin_regex: str | None = None,
+        allow_private_network: bool = False,
+        expose_headers: Sequence[str] = (),
+        max_age: int = 600,
+    ) -> None:
+        if "*" in allow_methods:
+            allow_methods = ALL_METHODS
+
+        compiled_allow_origin_regex = None
+        if allow_origin_regex is not None:
+            compiled_allow_origin_regex = re.compile(allow_origin_regex)
+
+        allow_all_origins = "*" in allow_origins
+        allow_all_headers = "*" in allow_headers
+        preflight_explicit_allow_origin = not allow_all_origins or allow_credentials
+
+        simple_headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if allow_all_origins:
+            simple_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"
+        if allow_credentials:
+            simple_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"] = "true"
+        if expose_headers:
+            simple_headers["Access-Control-Expose-Headers"] = ", ".join(expose_headers)
+
+        preflight_headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if preflight_explicit_allow_origin:
+            # The origin value will be set in preflight_response() if it is allowed.
+            preflight_headers["Vary"] = "Origin"
+        else:
+            preflight_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"
+        preflight_headers.update(
+            {
+                "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": ", ".join(allow_methods),
+                "Access-Control-Max-Age": str(max_age),
+            }
+        )
+        allow_headers = sorted(SAFELISTED_HEADERS | set(allow_headers))
+        if allow_headers and not allow_all_headers:
+            preflight_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = ", ".join(allow_headers)
+        if allow_credentials:
+            preflight_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"] = "true"
+
+        self.app = app
+        self.allow_origins = allow_origins
+        self.allow_methods = allow_methods
+        self.allow_headers = [h.lower() for h in allow_headers]
+        self.allow_all_origins = allow_all_origins
+        self.allow_all_headers = allow_all_headers
+        self.allow_credentials = allow_credentials
+        self.preflight_explicit_allow_origin = preflight_explicit_allow_origin
+        self.allow_origin_regex = compiled_allow_origin_regex
+        self.allow_private_network = allow_private_network
+        self.simple_headers = simple_headers
+        self.preflight_headers = preflight_headers
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        method = scope["method"]
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        origin = headers.get("origin")
+
+        if origin is None:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        if method == "OPTIONS" and "access-control-request-method" in headers:
+            response = self.preflight_response(request_headers=headers)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        await self.simple_response(scope, receive, send, request_headers=headers)
+
+    def is_allowed_origin(self, origin: str) -> bool:
+        if self.allow_all_origins:
+            return True
+
+        if self.allow_origin_regex is not None and self.allow_origin_regex.fullmatch(origin):
+            return True
+
+        return origin in self.allow_origins
+
+    def preflight_response(self, request_headers: Headers) -> Response:
+        requested_origin = request_headers["origin"]
+        requested_method = request_headers["access-control-request-method"]
+        requested_headers = request_headers.get("access-control-request-headers")
+        requested_private_network = request_headers.get("access-control-request-private-network")
+
+        headers = dict(self.preflight_headers)
+        failures: list[str] = []
+
+        if self.is_allowed_origin(origin=requested_origin):
+            if self.preflight_explicit_allow_origin:
+                # The "else" case is already accounted for in self.preflight_headers
+                # and the value would be "*".
+                headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = requested_origin
+        else:
+            failures.append("origin")
+
+        if requested_method not in self.allow_methods:
+            failures.append("method")
+
+        # If we allow all headers, then we have to mirror back any requested
+        # headers in the response.
+        if self.allow_all_headers and requested_headers is not None:
+            headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = requested_headers
+        elif requested_headers is not None:
+            for header in [h.lower() for h in requested_headers.split(",")]:
+                if header.strip() not in self.allow_headers:
+                    failures.append("headers")
+                    break
+
+        if requested_private_network is not None:
+            if self.allow_private_network:
+                headers["Access-Control-Allow-Private-Network"] = "true"
+            else:
+                failures.append("private-network")
+
+        # We don't strictly need to use 400 responses here, since its up to
+        # the browser to enforce the CORS policy, but its more informative
+        # if we do.
+        if failures:
+            failure_text = "Disallowed CORS " + ", ".join(failures)
+            return PlainTextResponse(failure_text, status_code=400, headers=headers)
+
+        return PlainTextResponse("OK", status_code=200, headers=headers)
+
+    async def simple_response(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send, request_headers: Headers) -> None:
+        send = functools.partial(self.send, send=send, request_headers=request_headers)
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def send(self, message: Message, send: Send, request_headers: Headers) -> None:
+        if message["type"] != "http.response.start":
+            await send(message)
+            return
+
+        message.setdefault("headers", [])
+        headers = MutableHeaders(scope=message)
+        headers.update(self.simple_headers)
+        origin = request_headers["Origin"]
+
+        # If credentials are allowed, then we must respond with the specific origin instead of '*'.
+        if self.allow_all_origins and self.allow_credentials:
+            self.allow_explicit_origin(headers, origin)
+
+        # If we only allow specific origins, then we have to mirror back the Origin header in the response.
+        elif not self.allow_all_origins and self.is_allowed_origin(origin=origin):
+            self.allow_explicit_origin(headers, origin)
+
+        await send(message)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def allow_explicit_origin(headers: MutableHeaders, origin: str) -> None:
+        headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = origin
+        headers.add_vary_header("Origin")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/errors.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a302a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import html
+import inspect
+import sys
+import traceback
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+STYLES = """
+p {
+    color: #211c1c;
+}
+.traceback-container {
+    border: 1px solid #038BB8;
+}
+.traceback-title {
+    background-color: #038BB8;
+    color: lemonchiffon;
+    padding: 12px;
+    font-size: 20px;
+    margin-top: 0px;
+}
+.frame-line {
+    padding-left: 10px;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+.frame-filename {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+.center-line {
+    background-color: #038BB8;
+    color: #f9f6e1;
+    padding: 5px 0px 5px 5px;
+}
+.lineno {
+    margin-right: 5px;
+}
+.frame-title {
+    font-weight: unset;
+    padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px;
+    background-color: #E4F4FD;
+    margin-right: 10px;
+    color: #191f21;
+    font-size: 17px;
+    border: 1px solid #c7dce8;
+}
+.collapse-btn {
+    float: right;
+    padding: 0px 5px 1px 5px;
+    border: solid 1px #96aebb;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+.collapsed {
+  display: none;
+}
+.source-code {
+  font-family: courier;
+  font-size: small;
+  padding-bottom: 10px;
+}
+"""
+
+JS = """
+<script type="text/javascript">
+    function collapse(element){
+        const frameId = element.getAttribute("data-frame-id");
+        const frame = document.getElementById(frameId);
+
+        if (frame.classList.contains("collapsed")){
+            element.innerHTML = "&#8210;";
+            frame.classList.remove("collapsed");
+        } else {
+            element.innerHTML = "+";
+            frame.classList.add("collapsed");
+        }
+    }
+</script>
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE = """
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <style type='text/css'>
+            {styles}
+        </style>
+        <title>Starlette Debugger</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h1>500 Server Error</h1>
+        <h2>{error}</h2>
+        <div class="traceback-container">
+            <p class="traceback-title">Traceback</p>
+            <div>{exc_html}</div>
+        </div>
+        {js}
+    </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+FRAME_TEMPLATE = """
+<div>
+    <p class="frame-title">File <span class="frame-filename">{frame_filename}</span>,
+    line <i>{frame_lineno}</i>,
+    in <b>{frame_name}</b>
+    <span class="collapse-btn" data-frame-id="{frame_filename}-{frame_lineno}" onclick="collapse(this)">{collapse_button}</span>
+    </p>
+    <div id="{frame_filename}-{frame_lineno}" class="source-code {collapsed}">{code_context}</div>
+</div>
+"""  # noqa: E501
+
+LINE = """
+<p><span class="frame-line">
+<span class="lineno">{lineno}.</span> {line}</span></p>
+"""
+
+CENTER_LINE = """
+<p class="center-line"><span class="frame-line center-line">
+<span class="lineno">{lineno}.</span> {line}</span></p>
+"""
+
+
+class ServerErrorMiddleware:
+    """
+    Handles returning 500 responses when a server error occurs.
+
+    If 'debug' is set, then traceback responses will be returned,
+    otherwise the designated 'handler' will be called.
+
+    This middleware class should generally be used to wrap *everything*
+    else up, so that unhandled exceptions anywhere in the stack
+    always result in an appropriate 500 response.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        handler: ExceptionHandler | None = None,
+        debug: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.debug = debug
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        response_started = False
+
+        async def _send(message: Message) -> None:
+            nonlocal response_started, send
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                response_started = True
+            await send(message)
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, _send)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            request = Request(scope)
+            if self.debug:
+                # In debug mode, return traceback responses.
+                response = self.debug_response(request, exc)
+            elif self.handler is None:
+                # Use our default 500 error handler.
+                response = self.error_response(request, exc)
+            else:
+                # Use an installed 500 error handler.
+                if is_async_callable(self.handler):
+                    response = await self.handler(request, exc)  # type: ignore[assignment, arg-type]
+                else:
+                    response = await run_in_threadpool(self.handler, request, exc)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+            if not response_started:
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+            # We always continue to raise the exception.
+            # This allows servers to log the error, or allows test clients
+            # to optionally raise the error within the test case.
+            raise exc
+
+    def format_line(self, index: int, line: str, frame_lineno: int, frame_index: int) -> str:
+        values = {
+            # HTML escape - line could contain < or >
+            "line": html.escape(line).replace(" ", "&nbsp"),
+            "lineno": (frame_lineno - frame_index) + index,
+        }
+
+        if index != frame_index:
+            return LINE.format(**values)
+        return CENTER_LINE.format(**values)
+
+    def generate_frame_html(self, frame: inspect.FrameInfo, is_collapsed: bool) -> str:
+        code_context = "".join(
+            self.format_line(
+                index,
+                line,
+                frame.lineno,
+                frame.index,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+            for index, line in enumerate(frame.code_context or [])
+        )
+
+        values = {
+            # HTML escape - filename could contain < or >, especially if it's a virtual
+            # file e.g. <stdin> in the REPL
+            "frame_filename": html.escape(frame.filename),
+            "frame_lineno": frame.lineno,
+            # HTML escape - if you try very hard it's possible to name a function with <
+            # or >
+            "frame_name": html.escape(frame.function),
+            "code_context": code_context,
+            "collapsed": "collapsed" if is_collapsed else "",
+            "collapse_button": "+" if is_collapsed else "&#8210;",
+        }
+        return FRAME_TEMPLATE.format(**values)
+
+    def generate_html(self, exc: Exception, limit: int = 7) -> str:
+        traceback_obj = traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(exc, capture_locals=True)
+
+        exc_html = ""
+        is_collapsed = False
+        exc_traceback = exc.__traceback__
+        if exc_traceback is not None:
+            frames = inspect.getinnerframes(exc_traceback, limit)
+            for frame in reversed(frames):
+                exc_html += self.generate_frame_html(frame, is_collapsed)
+                is_collapsed = True
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+            exc_type_str = traceback_obj.exc_type_str
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            exc_type_str = traceback_obj.exc_type.__name__
+
+        # escape error class and text
+        error = f"{html.escape(exc_type_str)}: {html.escape(str(traceback_obj))}"
+
+        return TEMPLATE.format(styles=STYLES, js=JS, error=error, exc_html=exc_html)
+
+    def generate_plain_text(self, exc: Exception) -> str:
+        return "".join(traceback.format_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__))
+
+    def debug_response(self, request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        accept = request.headers.get("accept", "")
+
+        if "text/html" in accept:
+            content = self.generate_html(exc)
+            return HTMLResponse(content, status_code=500)
+        content = self.generate_plain_text(exc)
+        return PlainTextResponse(content, status_code=500)
+
+    def error_response(self, request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        return PlainTextResponse("Internal Server Error", status_code=500)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c98558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
+
+from starlette._exception_handler import (
+    ExceptionHandlers,
+    StatusHandlers,
+    wrap_app_handling_exceptions,
+)
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException, WebSocketException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+
+class ExceptionMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        handlers: Mapping[Any, ExceptionHandler] | None = None,
+        debug: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.debug = debug  # TODO: We ought to handle 404 cases if debug is set.
+        self._status_handlers: StatusHandlers = {}
+        self._exception_handlers: ExceptionHandlers = {
+            HTTPException: self.http_exception,
+            WebSocketException: self.websocket_exception,
+        }
+        if handlers is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            for key, value in handlers.items():
+                self.add_exception_handler(key, value)
+
+    def add_exception_handler(
+        self,
+        exc_class_or_status_code: int | type[Exception],
+        handler: ExceptionHandler,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(exc_class_or_status_code, int):
+            self._status_handlers[exc_class_or_status_code] = handler
+        else:
+            assert issubclass(exc_class_or_status_code, Exception)
+            self._exception_handlers[exc_class_or_status_code] = handler
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] not in ("http", "websocket"):
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        scope["starlette.exception_handlers"] = (
+            self._exception_handlers,
+            self._status_handlers,
+        )
+
+        conn: Request | WebSocket
+        if scope["type"] == "http":
+            conn = Request(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            conn = WebSocket(scope, receive, send)
+
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(self.app, conn)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def http_exception(self, request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(exc, HTTPException)
+        if exc.status_code in {204, 304}:
+            return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)
+        return PlainTextResponse(exc.detail, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)
+
+    async def websocket_exception(self, websocket: WebSocket, exc: Exception) -> None:
+        assert isinstance(exc, WebSocketException)
+        await websocket.close(code=exc.code, reason=exc.reason)  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/gzip.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/gzip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abd898b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/gzip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import gzip
+import io
+from typing import NoReturn
+
+from starlette.datastructures import Headers, MutableHeaders
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_CONTENT_TYPES = ("text/event-stream",)
+
+
+class GZipMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, minimum_size: int = 500, compresslevel: int = 9) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.compresslevel = compresslevel
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        responder: ASGIApp
+        if "gzip" in headers.get("Accept-Encoding", ""):
+            responder = GZipResponder(self.app, self.minimum_size, compresslevel=self.compresslevel)
+        else:
+            responder = IdentityResponder(self.app, self.minimum_size)
+
+        await responder(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class IdentityResponder:
+    content_encoding: str
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, minimum_size: int) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.send: Send = unattached_send
+        self.initial_message: Message = {}
+        self.started = False
+        self.content_encoding_set = False
+        self.content_type_is_excluded = False
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        self.send = send
+        await self.app(scope, receive, self.send_with_compression)
+
+    async def send_with_compression(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        message_type = message["type"]
+        if message_type == "http.response.start":
+            # Don't send the initial message until we've determined how to
+            # modify the outgoing headers correctly.
+            self.initial_message = message
+            headers = Headers(raw=self.initial_message["headers"])
+            self.content_encoding_set = "content-encoding" in headers
+            self.content_type_is_excluded = headers.get("content-type", "").startswith(DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_CONTENT_TYPES)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.body" and (self.content_encoding_set or self.content_type_is_excluded):
+            if not self.started:
+                self.started = True
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+            await self.send(message)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.body" and not self.started:
+            self.started = True
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+            if len(body) < self.minimum_size and not more_body:
+                # Don't apply compression to small outgoing responses.
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+                await self.send(message)
+            elif not more_body:
+                # Standard response.
+                body = self.apply_compression(body, more_body=False)
+
+                headers = MutableHeaders(raw=self.initial_message["headers"])
+                headers.add_vary_header("Accept-Encoding")
+                if body != message["body"]:
+                    headers["Content-Encoding"] = self.content_encoding
+                    headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(body))
+                    message["body"] = body
+
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+                await self.send(message)
+            else:
+                # Initial body in streaming response.
+                body = self.apply_compression(body, more_body=True)
+
+                headers = MutableHeaders(raw=self.initial_message["headers"])
+                headers.add_vary_header("Accept-Encoding")
+                if body != message["body"]:
+                    headers["Content-Encoding"] = self.content_encoding
+                    del headers["Content-Length"]
+                    message["body"] = body
+
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+                await self.send(message)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.body":
+            # Remaining body in streaming response.
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+            message["body"] = self.apply_compression(body, more_body=more_body)
+
+            await self.send(message)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.pathsend":  # pragma: no branch
+            # Don't apply GZip to pathsend responses
+            await self.send(self.initial_message)
+            await self.send(message)
+
+    def apply_compression(self, body: bytes, *, more_body: bool) -> bytes:
+        """Apply compression on the response body.
+
+        If more_body is False, any compression file should be closed. If it
+        isn't, it won't be closed automatically until all background tasks
+        complete.
+        """
+        return body
+
+
+class GZipResponder(IdentityResponder):
+    content_encoding = "gzip"
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, minimum_size: int, compresslevel: int = 9) -> None:
+        super().__init__(app, minimum_size)
+
+        self.gzip_buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        self.gzip_file = gzip.GzipFile(mode="wb", fileobj=self.gzip_buffer, compresslevel=compresslevel)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        with self.gzip_buffer, self.gzip_file:
+            await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def apply_compression(self, body: bytes, *, more_body: bool) -> bytes:
+        self.gzip_file.write(body)
+        if not more_body:
+            self.gzip_file.close()
+
+        body = self.gzip_buffer.getvalue()
+        self.gzip_buffer.seek(0)
+        self.gzip_buffer.truncate()
+
+        return body
+
+
+async def unattached_send(message: Message) -> NoReturn:
+    raise RuntimeError("send awaitable not set")  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/httpsredirect.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/httpsredirect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a835906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/httpsredirect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from starlette.datastructures import URL
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class HTTPSRedirectMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket") and scope["scheme"] in ("http", "ws"):
+            url = URL(scope=scope)
+            redirect_scheme = {"http": "https", "ws": "wss"}[url.scheme]
+            netloc = url.hostname if url.port in (80, 443) else url.netloc
+            url = url.replace(scheme=redirect_scheme, netloc=netloc)
+            response = RedirectResponse(url, status_code=307)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/sessions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa0383f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import typing
+from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
+from typing import Literal
+
+import itsdangerous
+from itsdangerous.exc import BadSignature
+
+from starlette.datastructures import MutableHeaders, Secret
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class SessionMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        secret_key: str | Secret,
+        session_cookie: str = "session",
+        max_age: int | None = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60,  # 14 days, in seconds
+        path: str = "/",
+        same_site: Literal["lax", "strict", "none"] = "lax",
+        https_only: bool = False,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.signer = itsdangerous.TimestampSigner(str(secret_key))
+        self.session_cookie = session_cookie
+        self.max_age = max_age
+        self.path = path
+        self.security_flags = "httponly; samesite=" + same_site
+        if https_only:  # Secure flag can be used with HTTPS only
+            self.security_flags += "; secure"
+        if domain is not None:
+            self.security_flags += f"; domain={domain}"
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] not in ("http", "websocket"):  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        connection = HTTPConnection(scope)
+        initial_session_was_empty = True
+
+        if self.session_cookie in connection.cookies:
+            data = connection.cookies[self.session_cookie].encode("utf-8")
+            try:
+                data = self.signer.unsign(data, max_age=self.max_age)
+                scope["session"] = Session(json.loads(b64decode(data)))
+                initial_session_was_empty = False
+            except BadSignature:
+                scope["session"] = Session()
+        else:
+            scope["session"] = Session()
+
+        async def send_wrapper(message: Message) -> None:
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                session: Session = scope["session"]
+                headers = MutableHeaders(scope=message)
+                if session.accessed:
+                    headers.add_vary_header("Cookie")
+                if session.modified and session:
+                    # We have session data to persist.
+                    data = b64encode(json.dumps(session).encode("utf-8"))
+                    data = self.signer.sign(data)
+                    header_value = "{session_cookie}={data}; path={path}; {max_age}{security_flags}".format(
+                        session_cookie=self.session_cookie,
+                        data=data.decode("utf-8"),
+                        path=self.path,
+                        max_age=f"Max-Age={self.max_age}; " if self.max_age else "",
+                        security_flags=self.security_flags,
+                    )
+                    headers.append("Set-Cookie", header_value)
+                elif session.modified and not initial_session_was_empty:
+                    # The session has been cleared.
+                    header_value = "{session_cookie}={data}; path={path}; {expires}{security_flags}".format(
+                        session_cookie=self.session_cookie,
+                        data="null",
+                        path=self.path,
+                        expires="expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; ",
+                        security_flags=self.security_flags,
+                    )
+                    headers.append("Set-Cookie", header_value)
+            await send(message)
+
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send_wrapper)
+
+
+class Session(dict[str, typing.Any]):
+    accessed: bool = False
+    modified: bool = False
+
+    def mark_accessed(self) -> None:
+        self.accessed = True
+
+    def mark_modified(self) -> None:
+        self.accessed = True
+        self.modified = True
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: typing.Any) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().__delitem__(key)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().clear()
+
+    def pop(self, key: str, *args: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+        self.modified = self.modified or key in self
+        return super().pop(key, *args)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        if key not in self:
+            self.mark_modified()
+        return super().setdefault(key, default)
+
+    def update(self, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().update(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/trustedhost.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/trustedhost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98451e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/trustedhost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, RedirectResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+ENFORCE_DOMAIN_WILDCARD = "Domain wildcard patterns must be like '*.example.com'."
+
+
+class TrustedHostMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        allowed_hosts: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        www_redirect: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if allowed_hosts is None:
+            allowed_hosts = ["*"]
+
+        for pattern in allowed_hosts:
+            assert "*" not in pattern[1:], ENFORCE_DOMAIN_WILDCARD
+            if pattern.startswith("*") and pattern != "*":
+                assert pattern.startswith("*."), ENFORCE_DOMAIN_WILDCARD
+        self.app = app
+        self.allowed_hosts = list(allowed_hosts)
+        self.allow_any = "*" in allowed_hosts
+        self.www_redirect = www_redirect
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.allow_any or scope["type"] not in (
+            "http",
+            "websocket",
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        host = headers.get("host", "").split(":")[0]
+        is_valid_host = False
+        found_www_redirect = False
+        for pattern in self.allowed_hosts:
+            if host == pattern or (pattern.startswith("*") and host.endswith(pattern[1:])):
+                is_valid_host = True
+                break
+            elif "www." + host == pattern:
+                found_www_redirect = True
+
+        if is_valid_host:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            response: Response
+            if found_www_redirect and self.www_redirect:
+                url = URL(scope=scope)
+                redirect_url = url.replace(netloc="www." + url.netloc)
+                response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
+            else:
+                response = PlainTextResponse("Invalid host header", status_code=400)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/wsgi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f456fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import math
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any
+
+import anyio
+from anyio.abc import ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
+
+from starlette._utils import create_collapsing_task_group
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "starlette.middleware.wsgi is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. "
+    "Please refer to https://github.com/abersheeran/a2wsgi as a replacement.",
+    StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+
+
+def build_environ(scope: Scope, body: bytes) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Builds a scope and request body into a WSGI environ object.
+    """
+
+    script_name = scope.get("root_path", "").encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    path_info = scope["path"].encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    if path_info.startswith(script_name):
+        path_info = path_info[len(script_name) :]
+
+    environ = {
+        "REQUEST_METHOD": scope["method"],
+        "SCRIPT_NAME": script_name,
+        "PATH_INFO": path_info,
+        "QUERY_STRING": scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"),
+        "SERVER_PROTOCOL": f"HTTP/{scope['http_version']}",
+        "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+        "wsgi.url_scheme": scope.get("scheme", "http"),
+        "wsgi.input": io.BytesIO(body),
+        "wsgi.errors": sys.stdout,
+        "wsgi.multithread": True,
+        "wsgi.multiprocess": True,
+        "wsgi.run_once": False,
+    }
+
+    # Get server name and port - required in WSGI, not in ASGI
+    server = scope.get("server") or ("localhost", 80)
+    environ["SERVER_NAME"] = server[0]
+    environ["SERVER_PORT"] = server[1]
+
+    # Get client IP address
+    if scope.get("client"):
+        environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = scope["client"][0]
+
+    # Go through headers and make them into environ entries
+    for name, value in scope.get("headers", []):
+        name = name.decode("latin1")
+        if name == "content-length":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_LENGTH"
+        elif name == "content-type":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_TYPE"
+        else:
+            corrected_name = f"HTTP_{name}".upper().replace("-", "_")
+        # HTTPbis say only ASCII chars are allowed in headers, but we latin1 just in
+        # case
+        value = value.decode("latin1")
+        if corrected_name in environ:
+            value = environ[corrected_name] + "," + value
+        environ[corrected_name] = value
+    return environ
+
+
+class WSGIMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        responder = WSGIResponder(self.app, scope)
+        await responder(receive, send)
+
+
+class WSGIResponder:
+    stream_send: ObjectSendStream[MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+    stream_receive: ObjectReceiveStream[MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+
+    def __init__(self, app: Callable[..., Any], scope: Scope) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.status = None
+        self.response_headers = None
+        self.stream_send, self.stream_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.exc_info: Any = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        body = b""
+        more_body = True
+        while more_body:
+            message = await receive()
+            body += message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+        environ = build_environ(self.scope, body)
+
+        async with create_collapsing_task_group() as task_group:
+            task_group.start_soon(self.sender, send)
+            async with self.stream_send:
+                await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.wsgi, environ, self.start_response)
+        if self.exc_info is not None:
+            raise self.exc_info[0].with_traceback(self.exc_info[1], self.exc_info[2])
+
+    async def sender(self, send: Send) -> None:
+        async with self.stream_receive:
+            async for message in self.stream_receive:
+                await send(message)
+
+    def start_response(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        response_headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+        exc_info: Any = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+        if not self.response_started:  # pragma: no branch
+            self.response_started = True
+            status_code_string, _ = status.split(" ", 1)
+            status_code = int(status_code_string)
+            headers = [
+                (name.strip().encode("ascii").lower(), value.strip().encode("ascii"))
+                for name, value in response_headers
+            ]
+            anyio.from_thread.run(
+                self.stream_send.send,
+                {
+                    "type": "http.response.start",
+                    "status": status_code,
+                    "headers": headers,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def wsgi(
+        self,
+        environ: dict[str, Any],
+        start_response: Callable[..., Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        for chunk in self.app(environ, start_response):
+            anyio.from_thread.run(
+                self.stream_send.send,
+                {"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True},
+            )
+
+        anyio.from_thread.run(self.stream_send.send, {"type": "http.response.body", "body": b""})
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/requests.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4f3f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Iterator, Mapping
+from http import cookies as http_cookies
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, NoReturn, cast
+
+import anyio
+
+from starlette._utils import AwaitableOrContextManager, AwaitableOrContextManagerWrapper
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Address, FormData, Headers, QueryParams, State
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.formparsers import FormParser, MultiPartException, MultiPartParser
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from python_multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+
+    from starlette.applications import Starlette
+    from starlette.middleware.sessions import Session
+    from starlette.routing import Router
+else:
+    try:
+        try:
+            from python_multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+            from multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        parse_options_header = None
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+SERVER_PUSH_HEADERS_TO_COPY = {
+    "accept",
+    "accept-encoding",
+    "accept-language",
+    "cache-control",
+    "user-agent",
+}
+
+
+def cookie_parser(cookie_string: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    This function parses a ``Cookie`` HTTP header into a dict of key/value pairs.
+
+    It attempts to mimic browser cookie parsing behavior: browsers and web servers
+    frequently disregard the spec (RFC 6265) when setting and reading cookies,
+    so we attempt to suit the common scenarios here.
+
+    This function has been adapted from Django 3.1.0.
+    Note: we are explicitly _NOT_ using `SimpleCookie.load` because it is based
+    on an outdated spec and will fail on lots of input we want to support
+    """
+    cookie_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for chunk in cookie_string.split(";"):
+        if "=" in chunk:
+            key, val = chunk.split("=", 1)
+        else:
+            # Assume an empty name per
+            # https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=169091
+            key, val = "", chunk
+        key, val = key.strip(), val.strip()
+        if key or val:
+            # unquote using Python's algorithm.
+            cookie_dict[key] = http_cookies._unquote(val)
+    return cookie_dict
+
+
+class ClientDisconnect(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+StateT = TypeVar("StateT", bound=Mapping[str, Any] | State, default=State)
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(Mapping[str, Any], Generic[StateT]):
+    """
+    A base class for incoming HTTP connections, that is used to provide
+    any functionality that is common to both `Request` and `WebSocket`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive | None = None) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket")
+        self.scope = scope
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self.scope[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self.scope)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.scope)
+
+    # Don't use the `abc.Mapping.__eq__` implementation.
+    # Connection instances should never be considered equal
+    # unless `self is other`.
+    __eq__ = object.__eq__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+    @property
+    def app(self) -> Any:
+        return self.scope["app"]
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> URL:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_url"):  # pragma: no branch
+            self._url = URL(scope=self.scope)
+        return self._url
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> URL:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_base_url"):
+            base_url_scope = dict(self.scope)
+            # This is used by request.url_for, it might be used inside a Mount which
+            # would have its own child scope with its own root_path, but the base URL
+            # for url_for should still be the top level app root path.
+            app_root_path = base_url_scope.get("app_root_path", base_url_scope.get("root_path", ""))
+            path = app_root_path
+            if not path.endswith("/"):
+                path += "/"
+            base_url_scope["path"] = path
+            base_url_scope["query_string"] = b""
+            base_url_scope["root_path"] = app_root_path
+            self._base_url = URL(scope=base_url_scope)
+        return self._base_url
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> Headers:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            self._headers = Headers(scope=self.scope)
+        return self._headers
+
+    @property
+    def query_params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_query_params"):  # pragma: no branch
+            self._query_params = QueryParams(self.scope["query_string"])
+        return self._query_params
+
+    @property
+    def path_params(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any] = self.scope.get("path_params", {})
+        return path_params
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"):
+            cookies: dict[str, str] = {}
+            cookie_headers = self.headers.getlist("cookie")
+
+            for header in cookie_headers:
+                cookies.update(cookie_parser(header))
+
+            self._cookies = cookies
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def client(self) -> Address | None:
+        # client is a 2 item tuple of (host, port), None if missing
+        host_port = self.scope.get("client")
+        if host_port is not None:
+            return Address(*host_port)
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def session(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        assert "session" in self.scope, "SessionMiddleware must be installed to access request.session"
+        session: Session = self.scope["session"]
+        # We keep the hasattr in case people actually use their own `SessionMiddleware` implementation.
+        if hasattr(session, "mark_accessed"):  # pragma: no branch
+            session.mark_accessed()
+        return session
+
+    @property
+    def auth(self) -> Any:
+        assert "auth" in self.scope, "AuthenticationMiddleware must be installed to access request.auth"
+        return self.scope["auth"]
+
+    @property
+    def user(self) -> Any:
+        assert "user" in self.scope, "AuthenticationMiddleware must be installed to access request.user"
+        return self.scope["user"]
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> StateT:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_state"):
+            # Ensure 'state' has an empty dict if it's not already populated.
+            self.scope.setdefault("state", {})
+            # Create a state instance with a reference to the dict in which it should
+            # store info
+            self._state = State(self.scope["state"])
+        return cast(StateT, self._state)
+
+    def url_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URL:
+        url_path_provider: Router | Starlette | None = self.scope.get("router") or self.scope.get("app")
+        if url_path_provider is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("The `url_for` method can only be used inside a Starlette application or with a router.")
+        url_path = url_path_provider.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+        return url_path.make_absolute_url(base_url=self.base_url)
+
+
+async def empty_receive() -> NoReturn:
+    raise RuntimeError("Receive channel has not been made available")
+
+
+async def empty_send(message: Message) -> NoReturn:
+    raise RuntimeError("Send channel has not been made available")
+
+
+class Request(HTTPConnection[StateT]):
+    _form: FormData | None
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive = empty_receive, send: Send = empty_send):
+        super().__init__(scope)
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        self._receive = receive
+        self._send = send
+        self._stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_disconnected = False
+        self._form = None
+
+    @property
+    def method(self) -> str:
+        return cast(str, self.scope["method"])
+
+    @property
+    def receive(self) -> Receive:
+        return self._receive
+
+    async def stream(self) -> AsyncGenerator[bytes, None]:
+        if hasattr(self, "_body"):
+            yield self._body
+            yield b""
+            return
+        if self._stream_consumed:
+            raise RuntimeError("Stream consumed")
+        while not self._stream_consumed:
+            message = await self._receive()
+            if message["type"] == "http.request":
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    self._stream_consumed = True
+                if body:
+                    yield body
+            elif message["type"] == "http.disconnect":  # pragma: no branch
+                self._is_disconnected = True
+                raise ClientDisconnect()
+        yield b""
+
+    async def body(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
+            chunks: list[bytes] = []
+            async for chunk in self.stream():
+                chunks.append(chunk)
+            self._body = b"".join(chunks)
+        return self._body
+
+    async def json(self) -> Any:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_json"):  # pragma: no branch
+            body = await self.body()
+            self._json = json.loads(body)
+        return self._json
+
+    async def _get_form(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_files: int | float = 1000,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,
+    ) -> FormData:
+        if self._form is None:  # pragma: no branch
+            assert parse_options_header is not None, (
+                "The `python-multipart` library must be installed to use form parsing."
+            )
+            content_type_header = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
+            content_type: bytes
+            content_type, _ = parse_options_header(content_type_header)
+            if content_type == b"multipart/form-data":
+                try:
+                    multipart_parser = MultiPartParser(
+                        self.headers,
+                        self.stream(),
+                        max_files=max_files,
+                        max_fields=max_fields,
+                        max_part_size=max_part_size,
+                    )
+                    self._form = await multipart_parser.parse()
+                except MultiPartException as exc:
+                    if "app" in self.scope:
+                        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=exc.message)
+                    raise exc
+            elif content_type == b"application/x-www-form-urlencoded":
+                try:
+                    form_parser = FormParser(
+                        self.headers,
+                        self.stream(),
+                        max_fields=max_fields,
+                        max_part_size=max_part_size,
+                    )
+                    self._form = await form_parser.parse()
+                except MultiPartException as exc:
+                    if "app" in self.scope:
+                        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=exc.message)
+                    raise exc
+            else:
+                self._form = FormData()
+        return self._form
+
+    def form(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_files: int | float = 1000,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,
+    ) -> AwaitableOrContextManager[FormData]:
+        return AwaitableOrContextManagerWrapper(
+            self._get_form(max_files=max_files, max_fields=max_fields, max_part_size=max_part_size)
+        )
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._form is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            await self._form.close()
+
+    async def is_disconnected(self) -> bool:
+        if not self._is_disconnected:
+            message: Message = {}
+
+            # If message isn't immediately available, move on
+            with anyio.CancelScope() as cs:
+                cs.cancel()
+                message = await self._receive()
+
+            if message.get("type") == "http.disconnect":
+                self._is_disconnected = True
+
+        return self._is_disconnected
+
+    async def send_push_promise(self, path: str) -> None:
+        if "http.response.push" in self.scope.get("extensions", {}):
+            raw_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+            for name in SERVER_PUSH_HEADERS_TO_COPY:
+                for value in self.headers.getlist(name):
+                    raw_headers.append((name.encode("latin-1"), value.encode("latin-1")))
+            await self._send({"type": "http.response.push", "path": path, "headers": raw_headers})
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/responses.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/responses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b49ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/responses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import http.cookies
+import json
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from datetime import datetime
+from email.utils import format_datetime, formatdate
+from functools import partial
+from mimetypes import guess_type
+from secrets import token_hex
+from typing import Any, Literal
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.to_thread
+
+from starlette._utils import create_collapsing_task_group
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTask
+from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers, MutableHeaders
+from starlette.requests import ClientDisconnect
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class Response:
+    media_type = None
+    charset = "utf-8"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: Any = None,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        if media_type is not None:
+            self.media_type = media_type
+        self.background = background
+        self.body = self.render(content)
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes | memoryview:
+        if content is None:
+            return b""
+        if isinstance(content, bytes | memoryview):
+            return content
+        return content.encode(self.charset)  # type: ignore
+
+    def init_headers(self, headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
+        if headers is None:
+            raw_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+            populate_content_length = True
+            populate_content_type = True
+        else:
+            raw_headers = [(k.lower().encode("latin-1"), v.encode("latin-1")) for k, v in headers.items()]
+            keys = [h[0] for h in raw_headers]
+            populate_content_length = b"content-length" not in keys
+            populate_content_type = b"content-type" not in keys
+
+        body = getattr(self, "body", None)
+        if (
+            body is not None
+            and populate_content_length
+            and not (self.status_code < 200 or self.status_code in (204, 304))
+        ):
+            content_length = str(len(body))
+            raw_headers.append((b"content-length", content_length.encode("latin-1")))
+
+        content_type = self.media_type
+        if content_type is not None and populate_content_type:
+            if content_type.startswith("text/") and "charset=" not in content_type.lower():
+                content_type += "; charset=" + self.charset
+            raw_headers.append((b"content-type", content_type.encode("latin-1")))
+
+        self.raw_headers = raw_headers
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> MutableHeaders:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            self._headers = MutableHeaders(raw=self.raw_headers)
+        return self._headers
+
+    def set_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str = "",
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        expires: datetime | str | int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = "/",
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        secure: bool = False,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Literal["lax", "strict", "none"] | None = "lax",
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        cookie: http.cookies.BaseCookie[str] = http.cookies.SimpleCookie()
+        cookie[key] = value
+        if max_age is not None:
+            cookie[key]["max-age"] = max_age
+        if expires is not None:
+            if isinstance(expires, datetime):
+                cookie[key]["expires"] = format_datetime(expires, usegmt=True)
+            else:
+                cookie[key]["expires"] = expires
+        if path is not None:
+            cookie[key]["path"] = path
+        if domain is not None:
+            cookie[key]["domain"] = domain
+        if secure:
+            cookie[key]["secure"] = True
+        if httponly:
+            cookie[key]["httponly"] = True
+        if samesite is not None:
+            assert samesite.lower() in [
+                "strict",
+                "lax",
+                "none",
+            ], "samesite must be either 'strict', 'lax' or 'none'"
+            cookie[key]["samesite"] = samesite
+        if partitioned:
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 14):
+                raise ValueError("Partitioned cookies are only supported in Python 3.14 and above.")  # pragma: no cover
+            cookie[key]["partitioned"] = True  # pragma: no cover
+
+        cookie_val = cookie.output(header="").strip()
+        self.raw_headers.append((b"set-cookie", cookie_val.encode("latin-1")))
+
+    def delete_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        secure: bool = False,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Literal["lax", "strict", "none"] | None = "lax",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.set_cookie(
+            key,
+            max_age=0,
+            expires=0,
+            path=path,
+            domain=domain,
+            secure=secure,
+            httponly=httponly,
+            samesite=samesite,
+        )
+
+    def _wrap_websocket_denial_send(self, send: Send) -> Send:
+        async def wrapped(message: Message) -> None:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type in {"http.response.start", "http.response.body"}:  # pragma: no branch
+                message = {**message, "type": "websocket." + message_type}
+            await send(message)
+
+        return wrapped
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            send = self._wrap_websocket_denial_send(send)
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": self.status_code, "headers": self.raw_headers})
+        await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": self.body})
+
+        if self.background is not None:
+            await self.background()
+
+
+class HTMLResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "text/html"
+
+
+class PlainTextResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "text/plain"
+
+
+class JSONResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "application/json"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: Any,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content, status_code, headers, media_type, background)
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        return json.dumps(
+            content,
+            ensure_ascii=False,
+            allow_nan=False,
+            indent=None,
+            separators=(",", ":"),
+        ).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+class RedirectResponse(Response):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str | URL,
+        status_code: int = 307,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content=b"", status_code=status_code, headers=headers, background=background)
+        self.headers["location"] = quote(str(url), safe=":/%#?=@[]!$&'()*+,;")
+
+
+Content = str | bytes | memoryview
+SyncContentStream = Iterable[Content]
+AsyncContentStream = AsyncIterable[Content]
+ContentStream = AsyncContentStream | SyncContentStream
+
+
+class StreamingResponse(Response):
+    body_iterator: AsyncContentStream
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: ContentStream,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(content, AsyncIterable):
+            self.body_iterator = content
+        else:
+            self.body_iterator = iterate_in_threadpool(content)
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.media_type = self.media_type if media_type is None else media_type
+        self.background = background
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+
+    async def listen_for_disconnect(self, receive: Receive) -> None:
+        while True:
+            message = await receive()
+            if message["type"] == "http.disconnect":
+                break
+
+    async def stream_response(self, send: Send) -> None:
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": self.status_code, "headers": self.raw_headers})
+        async for chunk in self.body_iterator:
+            if not isinstance(chunk, bytes | memoryview):
+                chunk = chunk.encode(self.charset)
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True})
+
+        await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            send = self._wrap_websocket_denial_send(send)
+            await self.stream_response(send)
+            if self.background is not None:
+                await self.background()
+            return
+
+        spec_version = tuple(map(int, scope.get("asgi", {}).get("spec_version", "2.0").split(".")))
+
+        if spec_version >= (2, 4):
+            try:
+                await self.stream_response(send)
+            except OSError:
+                raise ClientDisconnect()
+        else:
+            async with create_collapsing_task_group() as task_group:
+
+                async def wrap(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]) -> None:
+                    await func()
+                    task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                task_group.start_soon(wrap, partial(self.stream_response, send))
+                await wrap(partial(self.listen_for_disconnect, receive))
+
+        if self.background is not None:
+            await self.background()
+
+
+class MalformedRangeHeader(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, content: str = "Malformed range header.") -> None:
+        self.content = content
+
+
+class RangeNotSatisfiable(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, max_size: int) -> None:
+        self.max_size = max_size
+
+
+class FileResponse(Response):
+    chunk_size = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        stat_result: os.stat_result | None = None,
+        content_disposition_type: str = "attachment",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.filename = filename
+        if media_type is None:
+            media_type = guess_type(filename or path)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        self.background = background
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+        self.headers.setdefault("accept-ranges", "bytes")
+        if self.filename is not None:
+            content_disposition_filename = quote(self.filename)
+            if content_disposition_filename != self.filename:
+                content_disposition = f"{content_disposition_type}; filename*=utf-8''{content_disposition_filename}"
+            else:
+                content_disposition = f'{content_disposition_type}; filename="{self.filename}"'
+            self.headers.setdefault("content-disposition", content_disposition)
+        self.stat_result = stat_result
+        if stat_result is not None:
+            self.set_stat_headers(stat_result)
+
+    def set_stat_headers(self, stat_result: os.stat_result) -> None:
+        content_length = str(stat_result.st_size)
+        last_modified = formatdate(stat_result.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+        etag_base = str(stat_result.st_mtime) + "-" + str(stat_result.st_size)
+        etag = f'"{hashlib.md5(etag_base.encode(), usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()}"'
+
+        self.headers.setdefault("content-length", content_length)
+        self.headers.setdefault("last-modified", last_modified)
+        self.headers.setdefault("etag", etag)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        scope_type = scope["type"]
+        send_header_only = scope_type == "http" and scope["method"].upper() == "HEAD"
+        send_pathsend = scope_type == "http" and "http.response.pathsend" in scope.get("extensions", {})
+        if scope_type == "websocket":
+            send = self._wrap_websocket_denial_send(send)
+
+        if self.stat_result is None:
+            try:
+                stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(os.stat, self.path)
+                self.set_stat_headers(stat_result)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"File at path {self.path} does not exist.")
+            else:
+                mode = stat_result.st_mode
+                if not stat.S_ISREG(mode):
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"File at path {self.path} is not a file.")
+        else:
+            stat_result = self.stat_result
+
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        http_range = headers.get("range")
+        http_if_range = headers.get("if-range")
+
+        if http_range is None or (http_if_range is not None and not self._should_use_range(http_if_range)):
+            await self._handle_simple(send, send_header_only, send_pathsend)
+        else:
+            try:
+                ranges = self._parse_range_header(http_range, stat_result.st_size)
+            except MalformedRangeHeader as exc:
+                return await PlainTextResponse(exc.content, status_code=400)(scope, receive, send)
+            except RangeNotSatisfiable as exc:
+                response = PlainTextResponse(status_code=416, headers={"Content-Range": f"bytes */{exc.max_size}"})
+                return await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+            if len(ranges) == 1:
+                start, end = ranges[0]
+                await self._handle_single_range(send, start, end, stat_result.st_size, send_header_only)
+            else:
+                await self._handle_multiple_ranges(send, ranges, stat_result.st_size, send_header_only)
+
+        if self.background is not None:
+            await self.background()
+
+    async def _handle_simple(self, send: Send, send_header_only: bool, send_pathsend: bool) -> None:
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": self.status_code, "headers": self.raw_headers})
+        if send_header_only:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+        elif send_pathsend:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.pathsend", "path": str(self.path)})
+        else:
+            async with await anyio.open_file(self.path, mode="rb") as file:
+                more_body = True
+                while more_body:
+                    chunk = await file.read(self.chunk_size)
+                    more_body = len(chunk) == self.chunk_size
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": more_body})
+
+    async def _handle_single_range(
+        self, send: Send, start: int, end: int, file_size: int, send_header_only: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        headers = MutableHeaders(raw=list(self.raw_headers))
+        headers["content-range"] = f"bytes {start}-{end - 1}/{file_size}"
+        headers["content-length"] = str(end - start)
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": 206, "headers": headers.raw})
+        if send_header_only:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+        else:
+            async with await anyio.open_file(self.path, mode="rb") as file:
+                await file.seek(start)
+                more_body = True
+                while more_body:
+                    chunk = await file.read(min(self.chunk_size, end - start))
+                    start += len(chunk)
+                    more_body = len(chunk) == self.chunk_size and start < end
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": more_body})
+
+    async def _handle_multiple_ranges(
+        self,
+        send: Send,
+        ranges: list[tuple[int, int]],
+        file_size: int,
+        send_header_only: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        # In firefox and chrome, they use boundary with 95-96 bits entropy (that's roughly 13 bytes).
+        boundary = token_hex(13)
+        content_length, header_generator = self.generate_multipart(
+            ranges, boundary, file_size, self.headers["content-type"]
+        )
+        headers = MutableHeaders(raw=list(self.raw_headers))
+        headers["content-type"] = f"multipart/byteranges; boundary={boundary}"
+        headers["content-length"] = str(content_length)
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": 206, "headers": headers.raw})
+        if send_header_only:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+        else:
+            async with await anyio.open_file(self.path, mode="rb") as file:
+                for start, end in ranges:
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": header_generator(start, end), "more_body": True})
+                    await file.seek(start)
+                    while start < end:
+                        chunk = await file.read(min(self.chunk_size, end - start))
+                        start += len(chunk)
+                        await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True})
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"\r\n", "more_body": True})
+                await send(
+                    {
+                        "type": "http.response.body",
+                        "body": f"--{boundary}--".encode("latin-1"),
+                        "more_body": False,
+                    }
+                )
+
+    def _should_use_range(self, http_if_range: str) -> bool:
+        return http_if_range == self.headers["last-modified"] or http_if_range == self.headers["etag"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_range_header(cls, http_range: str, file_size: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+        try:
+            units, range_ = http_range.split("=", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader()
+
+        units = units.strip().lower()
+
+        if units != "bytes":
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader("Only support bytes range")
+
+        ranges = cls._parse_ranges(range_, file_size)
+
+        if len(ranges) == 0:
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader("Range header: range must be requested")
+
+        if any(not (0 <= start < file_size) for start, _ in ranges):
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(file_size)
+
+        if any(start > end for start, end in ranges):
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader("Range header: start must be less than end")
+
+        if len(ranges) == 1:
+            return ranges
+
+        # Merge overlapping ranges
+        ranges.sort()
+        result: list[tuple[int, int]] = [ranges[0]]
+        for start, end in ranges[1:]:
+            last_start, last_end = result[-1]
+            if start <= last_end:
+                result[-1] = (last_start, max(last_end, end))
+            else:
+                result.append((start, end))
+
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_ranges(cls, range_: str, file_size: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+
+        for part in range_.split(","):
+            part = part.strip()
+
+            # If the range is empty or a single dash, we ignore it.
+            if not part or part == "-":
+                continue
+
+            # If the range is not in the format "start-end", we ignore it.
+            if "-" not in part:
+                continue
+
+            start_str, end_str = part.split("-", 1)
+            start_str = start_str.strip()
+            end_str = end_str.strip()
+
+            try:
+                start = int(start_str) if start_str else max(file_size - int(end_str), 0)
+                end = int(end_str) + 1 if start_str and end_str and int(end_str) < file_size else file_size
+                ranges.append((start, end))
+            except ValueError:
+                # If the range is not numeric, we ignore it.
+                continue
+
+        return ranges
+
+    def generate_multipart(
+        self,
+        ranges: Sequence[tuple[int, int]],
+        boundary: str,
+        max_size: int,
+        content_type: str,
+    ) -> tuple[int, Callable[[int, int], bytes]]:
+        r"""
+        Multipart response headers generator.
+
+        ```
+        --{boundary}\r\n
+        Content-Type: {content_type}\r\n
+        Content-Range: bytes {start}-{end-1}/{max_size}\r\n
+        \r\n
+        ..........content...........\r\n
+        --{boundary}\r\n
+        Content-Type: {content_type}\r\n
+        Content-Range: bytes {start}-{end-1}/{max_size}\r\n
+        \r\n
+        ..........content...........\r\n
+        --{boundary}--
+        ```
+        """
+        boundary_len = len(boundary)
+        static_header_part_len = 49 + boundary_len + len(content_type) + len(str(max_size))
+        content_length = sum(
+            (len(str(start)) + len(str(end - 1)) + static_header_part_len)  # Headers
+            + (end - start)  # Content
+            for start, end in ranges
+        ) + (
+            4 + boundary_len  # --boundary--
+        )
+        return (
+            content_length,
+            lambda start, end: (
+                f"""\
+--{boundary}\r
+Content-Type: {content_type}\r
+Content-Range: bytes {start}-{end - 1}/{max_size}\r
+\r
+"""
+            ).encode("latin-1"),
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/routing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/routing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a035d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/routing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import inspect
+import re
+import traceback
+import types
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Collection, Generator, Sequence
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager, asynccontextmanager
+from enum import Enum
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from starlette._exception_handler import wrap_app_handling_exceptions
+from starlette._utils import get_route_path, is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.convertors import CONVERTOR_TYPES, Convertor
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers, URLPath
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException, StarletteDeprecationWarning
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, RedirectResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket, WebSocketClose
+
+
+class NoMatchFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by `.url_for(name, **path_params)` and `.url_path_for(name, **path_params)`
+    if no matching route exists.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, path_params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        params = ", ".join(list(path_params.keys()))
+        super().__init__(f'No route exists for name "{name}" and params "{params}".')
+
+
+class Match(Enum):
+    NONE = 0
+    PARTIAL = 1
+    FULL = 2
+
+
+def request_response(
+    func: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a function or coroutine `func(request) -> response`,
+    and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    f: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]] = (
+        func if is_async_callable(func) else functools.partial(run_in_threadpool, func)  # type: ignore[assignment, call-arg]
+    )
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        request = Request(scope, receive, send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            response = await f(request)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, request)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def websocket_session(
+    func: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a coroutine `func(session)`, and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    # assert asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func), "WebSocket endpoints must be async"
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        session = WebSocket(scope, receive=receive, send=send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            await func(session)
+
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, session)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def get_name(endpoint: Callable[..., Any]) -> str:
+    return getattr(endpoint, "__name__", endpoint.__class__.__name__)
+
+
+def replace_params(
+    path: str,
+    param_convertors: dict[str, Convertor[Any]],
+    path_params: dict[str, str],
+) -> tuple[str, dict[str, str]]:
+    for key, value in list(path_params.items()):
+        if "{" + key + "}" in path:
+            convertor = param_convertors[key]
+            value = convertor.to_string(value)
+            path = path.replace("{" + key + "}", value)
+            path_params.pop(key)
+    return path, path_params
+
+
+# Match parameters in URL paths, eg. '{param}', and '{param:int}'
+PARAM_REGEX = re.compile("{([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)?}")
+
+
+def compile_path(
+    path: str,
+) -> tuple[Pattern[str], str, dict[str, Convertor[Any]]]:
+    """
+    Given a path string, like: "/{username:str}",
+    or a host string, like: "{subdomain}.mydomain.org", return a three-tuple
+    of (regex, format, {param_name:convertor}).
+
+    regex:      "/(?P<username>[^/]+)"
+    format:     "/{username}"
+    convertors: {"username": StringConvertor()}
+    """
+    is_host = not path.startswith("/")
+
+    path_regex = "^"
+    path_format = ""
+    duplicated_params: set[str] = set()
+
+    idx = 0
+    param_convertors = {}
+    for match in PARAM_REGEX.finditer(path):
+        param_name, convertor_type = match.groups("str")
+        convertor_type = convertor_type.lstrip(":")
+        assert convertor_type in CONVERTOR_TYPES, f"Unknown path convertor '{convertor_type}'"
+        convertor = CONVERTOR_TYPES[convertor_type]
+
+        path_regex += re.escape(path[idx : match.start()])
+        path_regex += f"(?P<{param_name}>{convertor.regex})"
+
+        path_format += path[idx : match.start()]
+        path_format += "{%s}" % param_name
+
+        if param_name in param_convertors:
+            duplicated_params.add(param_name)
+
+        param_convertors[param_name] = convertor
+
+        idx = match.end()
+
+    if duplicated_params:
+        names = ", ".join(sorted(duplicated_params))
+        ending = "s" if len(duplicated_params) > 1 else ""
+        raise ValueError(f"Duplicated param name{ending} {names} at path {path}")
+
+    if is_host:
+        # Align with `Host.matches()` behavior, which ignores port.
+        hostname = path[idx:].split(":")[0]
+        path_regex += re.escape(hostname) + "$"
+    else:
+        path_regex += re.escape(path[idx:]) + "$"
+
+    path_format += path[idx:]
+
+    return re.compile(path_regex), path_format, param_convertors
+
+
+class BaseRoute:
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        A route may be used in isolation as a stand-alone ASGI app.
+        This is a somewhat contrived case, as they'll almost always be used
+        within a Router, but could be useful for some tooling and minimal apps.
+        """
+        match, child_scope = self.matches(scope)
+        if match == Match.NONE:
+            if scope["type"] == "http":
+                response = PlainTextResponse("Not Found", status_code=404)
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+            elif scope["type"] == "websocket":  # pragma: no branch
+                websocket_close = WebSocketClose()
+                await websocket_close(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        scope.update(child_scope)
+        await self.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class Route(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert path.startswith("/"), "Routed paths must start with '/'"
+        self.path = path
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+
+        endpoint_handler = endpoint
+        while isinstance(endpoint_handler, functools.partial):
+            endpoint_handler = endpoint_handler.func
+        if inspect.isfunction(endpoint_handler) or inspect.ismethod(endpoint_handler):
+            # Endpoint is function or method. Treat it as `func(request) -> response`.
+            self.app = request_response(endpoint)
+            if methods is None:
+                methods = ["GET"]
+        else:
+            # Endpoint is a class. Treat it as ASGI.
+            self.app = endpoint
+
+        if middleware is not None:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.app = cls(self.app, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        if methods is None:
+            self.methods = None
+        else:
+            self.methods = {method.upper() for method in methods}
+            if "GET" in self.methods:
+                self.methods.add("HEAD")
+
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any]
+        if scope["type"] == "http":
+            route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+            match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
+                if self.methods and scope["method"] not in self.methods:
+                    return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
+                else:
+                    return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
+        expected_params = set(self.param_convertors.keys())
+
+        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
+            raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+        path, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+        assert not remaining_params
+        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="http")
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.methods and scope["method"] not in self.methods:
+            headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(self.methods)}
+            if "app" in scope:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
+            else:
+                response = PlainTextResponse("Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, Route)
+            and self.path == other.path
+            and self.endpoint == other.endpoint
+            and self.methods == other.methods
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        methods = sorted(self.methods or [])
+        path, name = self.path, self.name
+        return f"{class_name}(path={path!r}, name={name!r}, methods={methods!r})"
+
+
+class WebSocketRoute(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert path.startswith("/"), "Routed paths must start with '/'"
+        self.path = path
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+
+        endpoint_handler = endpoint
+        while isinstance(endpoint_handler, functools.partial):
+            endpoint_handler = endpoint_handler.func
+        if inspect.isfunction(endpoint_handler) or inspect.ismethod(endpoint_handler):
+            # Endpoint is function or method. Treat it as `func(websocket)`.
+            self.app = websocket_session(endpoint)
+        else:
+            # Endpoint is a class. Treat it as ASGI.
+            self.app = endpoint
+
+        if middleware is not None:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.app = cls(self.app, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any]
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+            match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
+                return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
+        expected_params = set(self.param_convertors.keys())
+
+        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
+            raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+        path, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+        assert not remaining_params
+        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="websocket")
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, WebSocketRoute) and self.path == other.path and self.endpoint == other.endpoint
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(path={self.path!r}, name={self.name!r})"
+
+
+class Mount(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        app: ASGIApp | None = None,
+        routes: Sequence[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert path == "" or path.startswith("/"), "Routed paths must start with '/'"
+        assert app is not None or routes is not None, "Either 'app=...', or 'routes=' must be specified"
+        self.path = path.rstrip("/")
+        if app is not None:
+            self._base_app: ASGIApp = app
+        else:
+            self._base_app = Router(routes=routes)
+        self.app = self._base_app
+        if middleware is not None:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.app = cls(self.app, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.name = name
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(self.path + "/{path:path}")
+
+    @property
+    def routes(self) -> list[BaseRoute]:
+        return getattr(self._base_app, "routes", [])
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any]
+        if scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket"):  # pragma: no branch
+            root_path = scope.get("root_path", "")
+            route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+            match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                remaining_path = "/" + matched_params.pop("path")
+                matched_path = route_path[: -len(remaining_path)]
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {
+                    "path_params": path_params,
+                    # app_root_path will only be set at the top level scope,
+                    # initialized with the (optional) value of a root_path
+                    # set above/before Starlette. And even though any
+                    # mount will have its own child scope with its own respective
+                    # root_path, the app_root_path will always be available in all
+                    # the child scopes with the same top level value because it's
+                    # set only once here with a default, any other child scope will
+                    # just inherit that app_root_path default value stored in the
+                    # scope. All this is needed to support Request.url_for(), as it
+                    # uses the app_root_path to build the URL path.
+                    "app_root_path": scope.get("app_root_path", root_path),
+                    "root_path": root_path + matched_path,
+                    "endpoint": self.app,
+                }
+                return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        if self.name is not None and name == self.name and "path" in path_params:
+            # 'name' matches "<mount_name>".
+            path_params["path"] = path_params["path"].lstrip("/")
+            path, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            if not remaining_params:
+                return URLPath(path=path)
+        elif self.name is None or name.startswith(self.name + ":"):
+            if self.name is None:
+                # No mount name.
+                remaining_name = name
+            else:
+                # 'name' matches "<mount_name>:<child_name>".
+                remaining_name = name[len(self.name) + 1 :]
+            path_kwarg = path_params.get("path")
+            path_params["path"] = ""
+            path_prefix, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            if path_kwarg is not None:
+                remaining_params["path"] = path_kwarg
+            for route in self.routes or []:
+                try:
+                    url = route.url_path_for(remaining_name, **remaining_params)
+                    return URLPath(path=path_prefix.rstrip("/") + str(url), protocol=url.protocol)
+                except NoMatchFound:
+                    pass
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Mount) and self.path == other.path and self.app == other.app
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        name = self.name or ""
+        return f"{class_name}(path={self.path!r}, name={name!r}, app={self.app!r})"
+
+
+class Host(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(self, host: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        assert not host.startswith("/"), "Host must not start with '/'"
+        self.host = host
+        self.app = app
+        self.name = name
+        self.host_regex, self.host_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(host)
+
+    @property
+    def routes(self) -> list[BaseRoute]:
+        return getattr(self.app, "routes", [])
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        if scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket"):  # pragma:no branch
+            headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+            host = headers.get("host", "").split(":")[0]
+            match = self.host_regex.match(host)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {"path_params": path_params, "endpoint": self.app}
+                return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        if self.name is not None and name == self.name and "path" in path_params:
+            # 'name' matches "<mount_name>".
+            path = path_params.pop("path")
+            host, remaining_params = replace_params(self.host_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            if not remaining_params:
+                return URLPath(path=path, host=host)
+        elif self.name is None or name.startswith(self.name + ":"):
+            if self.name is None:
+                # No mount name.
+                remaining_name = name
+            else:
+                # 'name' matches "<mount_name>:<child_name>".
+                remaining_name = name[len(self.name) + 1 :]
+            host, remaining_params = replace_params(self.host_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            for route in self.routes or []:
+                try:
+                    url = route.url_path_for(remaining_name, **remaining_params)
+                    return URLPath(path=str(url), protocol=url.protocol, host=host)
+                except NoMatchFound:
+                    pass
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Host) and self.host == other.host and self.app == other.app
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        name = self.name or ""
+        return f"{class_name}(host={self.host!r}, name={name!r}, app={self.app!r})"
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class _AsyncLiftContextManager(AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T]):
+    def __init__(self, cm: AbstractContextManager[_T]):
+        self._cm = cm
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> _T:
+        return self._cm.__enter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+def _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(
+    lifespan_context: Callable[[Any], Generator[Any, Any, Any]],
+) -> Callable[[Any], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any]]:
+    cmgr = contextlib.contextmanager(lifespan_context)
+
+    @functools.wraps(cmgr)
+    def wrapper(app: Any) -> _AsyncLiftContextManager[Any]:
+        return _AsyncLiftContextManager(cmgr(app))
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class _DefaultLifespan:
+    def __init__(self, router: Router):
+        self._router = router
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __call__(self: _T, app: object) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+
+class Router:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        routes: Sequence[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        redirect_slashes: bool = True,
+        default: ASGIApp | None = None,
+        # the generic to Lifespan[AppType] is the type of the top level application
+        # which the router cannot know statically, so we use Any
+        lifespan: Lifespan[Any] | None = None,
+        *,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.routes = [] if routes is None else list(routes)
+        self.redirect_slashes = redirect_slashes
+        self.default = self.not_found if default is None else default
+
+        if lifespan is None:
+            self.lifespan_context: Lifespan[Any] = _DefaultLifespan(self)
+
+        elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(lifespan):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "async generator function lifespans are deprecated, "
+                "use an @contextlib.asynccontextmanager function instead",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            self.lifespan_context = asynccontextmanager(lifespan)
+        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(lifespan):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "generator function lifespans are deprecated, use an @contextlib.asynccontextmanager function instead",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            self.lifespan_context = _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(lifespan)
+        else:
+            self.lifespan_context = lifespan
+
+        self.middleware_stack = self.app
+        if middleware:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.middleware_stack = cls(self.middleware_stack, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def not_found(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            websocket_close = WebSocketClose()
+            await websocket_close(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        # If we're running inside a starlette application then raise an
+        # exception, so that the configurable exception handler can deal with
+        # returning the response. For plain ASGI apps, just return the response.
+        if "app" in scope:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+        else:
+            response = PlainTextResponse("Not Found", status_code=404)
+        await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        for route in self.routes:
+            try:
+                return route.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+            except NoMatchFound:
+                pass
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+    async def lifespan(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle ASGI lifespan messages, which allows us to manage application
+        startup and shutdown events.
+        """
+        started = False
+        app: Any = scope.get("app")
+        await receive()
+        try:
+            async with self.lifespan_context(app) as maybe_state:
+                if maybe_state is not None:
+                    if "state" not in scope:
+                        raise RuntimeError('The server does not support "state" in the lifespan scope.')
+                    scope["state"].update(maybe_state)
+                await send({"type": "lifespan.startup.complete"})
+                started = True
+                await receive()
+        except BaseException:
+            exc_text = traceback.format_exc()
+            if started:
+                await send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.failed", "message": exc_text})
+            else:
+                await send({"type": "lifespan.startup.failed", "message": exc_text})
+            raise
+        else:
+            await send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.complete"})
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        The main entry point to the Router class.
+        """
+        await self.middleware_stack(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def app(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket", "lifespan")
+
+        if "router" not in scope:
+            scope["router"] = self
+
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            await self.lifespan(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        partial = None
+
+        for route in self.routes:
+            # Determine if any route matches the incoming scope,
+            # and hand over to the matching route if found.
+            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                scope.update(child_scope)
+                await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+            elif match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
+                partial = route
+                partial_scope = child_scope
+
+        if partial is not None:
+            #  Handle partial matches. These are cases where an endpoint is
+            # able to handle the request, but is not a preferred option.
+            # We use this in particular to deal with "405 Method Not Allowed".
+            scope.update(partial_scope)
+            await partial.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        if scope["type"] == "http" and self.redirect_slashes and route_path != "/":
+            redirect_scope = dict(scope)
+            if route_path.endswith("/"):
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"].rstrip("/")
+            else:
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"] + "/"
+
+            for route in self.routes:
+                match, child_scope = route.matches(redirect_scope)
+                if match != Match.NONE:
+                    redirect_url = URL(scope=redirect_scope)
+                    response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
+                    await response(scope, receive, send)
+                    return
+
+        await self.default(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Router) and self.routes == other.routes
+
+    def mount(self, path: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = Mount(path, app=app, name=name)
+        self.routes.append(route)
+
+    def host(self, host: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = Host(host, app=app, name=name)
+        self.routes.append(route)
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = Route(
+            path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            methods=methods,
+            name=name,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        )
+        self.routes.append(route)
+
+    def add_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+        name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = WebSocketRoute(path, endpoint=endpoint, name=name)
+        self.routes.append(route)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/schemas.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/schemas.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf7d439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/schemas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import re
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, NamedTuple
+
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute, Host, Mount, Route
+
+try:
+    import yaml
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+    yaml = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+class OpenAPIResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "application/vnd.oai.openapi"
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        assert yaml is not None, "`pyyaml` must be installed to use OpenAPIResponse."
+        assert isinstance(content, dict), "The schema passed to OpenAPIResponse should be a dictionary."
+        return yaml.dump(content, default_flow_style=False).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+class EndpointInfo(NamedTuple):
+    path: str
+    http_method: str
+    func: Callable[..., Any]
+
+
+_remove_converter_pattern = re.compile(r":\w+}")
+
+
+class BaseSchemaGenerator:
+    def get_schema(self, routes: list[BaseRoute]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def get_endpoints(self, routes: list[BaseRoute]) -> list[EndpointInfo]:
+        """
+        Given the routes, yields the following information:
+
+        - path
+            eg: /users/
+        - http_method
+            one of 'get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'options'
+        - func
+            method ready to extract the docstring
+        """
+        endpoints_info: list[EndpointInfo] = []
+
+        for route in routes:
+            if isinstance(route, Mount | Host):
+                routes = route.routes or []
+                if isinstance(route, Mount):
+                    path = self._remove_converter(route.path)
+                else:
+                    path = ""
+                sub_endpoints = [
+                    EndpointInfo(
+                        path="".join((path, sub_endpoint.path)),
+                        http_method=sub_endpoint.http_method,
+                        func=sub_endpoint.func,
+                    )
+                    for sub_endpoint in self.get_endpoints(routes)
+                ]
+                endpoints_info.extend(sub_endpoints)
+
+            elif not isinstance(route, Route) or not route.include_in_schema:
+                continue
+
+            elif inspect.isfunction(route.endpoint) or inspect.ismethod(route.endpoint):
+                path = self._remove_converter(route.path)
+                for method in route.methods or ["GET"]:
+                    if method == "HEAD":
+                        continue
+                    endpoints_info.append(EndpointInfo(path, method.lower(), route.endpoint))
+            else:
+                path = self._remove_converter(route.path)
+                for method in ["get", "post", "put", "patch", "delete", "options"]:
+                    if not hasattr(route.endpoint, method):
+                        continue
+                    func = getattr(route.endpoint, method)
+                    endpoints_info.append(EndpointInfo(path, method.lower(), func))
+
+        return endpoints_info
+
+    def _remove_converter(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Remove the converter from the path.
+        For example, a route like this:
+            Route("/users/{id:int}", endpoint=get_user, methods=["GET"])
+        Should be represented as `/users/{id}` in the OpenAPI schema.
+        """
+        return _remove_converter_pattern.sub("}", path)
+
+    def parse_docstring(self, func_or_method: Callable[..., Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Given a function, parse the docstring as YAML and return a dictionary of info.
+        """
+        docstring = func_or_method.__doc__
+        if not docstring:
+            return {}
+
+        assert yaml is not None, "`pyyaml` must be installed to use parse_docstring."
+
+        # We support having regular docstrings before the schema
+        # definition. Here we return just the schema part from
+        # the docstring.
+        docstring = docstring.split("---")[-1]
+
+        parsed = yaml.safe_load(docstring)
+
+        if not isinstance(parsed, dict):
+            # A regular docstring (not yaml formatted) can return
+            # a simple string here, which wouldn't follow the schema.
+            return {}
+
+        return parsed
+
+    def OpenAPIResponse(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        routes = request.app.routes
+        schema = self.get_schema(routes=routes)
+        return OpenAPIResponse(schema)
+
+
+class SchemaGenerator(BaseSchemaGenerator):
+    def __init__(self, base_schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        self.base_schema = base_schema
+
+    def get_schema(self, routes: list[BaseRoute]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        schema = dict(self.base_schema)
+        schema.setdefault("paths", {})
+        endpoints_info = self.get_endpoints(routes)
+
+        for endpoint in endpoints_info:
+            parsed = self.parse_docstring(endpoint.func)
+
+            if not parsed:
+                continue
+
+            if endpoint.path not in schema["paths"]:
+                schema["paths"][endpoint.path] = {}
+
+            schema["paths"][endpoint.path][endpoint.http_method] = parsed
+
+        return schema
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/staticfiles.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/staticfiles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac39acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/staticfiles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import stat
+from email.utils import parsedate
+from typing import Union
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.to_thread
+
+from starlette._utils import get_route_path
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse, RedirectResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+PathLike = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]
+
+
+class NotModifiedResponse(Response):
+    NOT_MODIFIED_HEADERS = (
+        "cache-control",
+        "content-location",
+        "date",
+        "etag",
+        "expires",
+        "vary",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, headers: Headers):
+        super().__init__(
+            status_code=304,
+            headers={name: value for name, value in headers.items() if name in self.NOT_MODIFIED_HEADERS},
+        )
+
+
+class StaticFiles:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        directory: PathLike | None = None,
+        packages: list[str | tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        html: bool = False,
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+        follow_symlink: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.packages = packages
+        self.all_directories = self.get_directories(directory, packages)
+        self.html = html
+        self.config_checked = False
+        self.follow_symlink = follow_symlink
+        if check_dir and directory is not None and not os.path.isdir(directory):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Directory '{directory}' does not exist")
+
+    def get_directories(
+        self,
+        directory: PathLike | None = None,
+        packages: list[str | tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[PathLike]:
+        """
+        Given `directory` and `packages` arguments, return a list of all the
+        directories that should be used for serving static files from.
+        """
+        directories = []
+        if directory is not None:
+            directories.append(directory)
+
+        for package in packages or []:
+            if isinstance(package, tuple):
+                package, statics_dir = package
+            else:
+                statics_dir = "statics"
+            spec = importlib.util.find_spec(package)
+            assert spec is not None, f"Package {package!r} could not be found."
+            assert spec.origin is not None, f"Package {package!r} could not be found."
+            package_directory = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(spec.origin, "..", statics_dir))
+            assert os.path.isdir(package_directory), (
+                f"Directory '{statics_dir!r}' in package {package!r} could not be found."
+            )
+            directories.append(package_directory)
+
+        return directories
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        The ASGI entry point.
+        """
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+
+        if not self.config_checked:
+            await self.check_config()
+            self.config_checked = True
+
+        path = self.get_path(scope)
+        response = await self.get_response(path, scope)
+        await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def get_path(self, scope: Scope) -> str:
+        """
+        Given the ASGI scope, return the `path` string to serve up,
+        with OS specific path separators, and any '..', '.' components removed.
+        """
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*route_path.split("/")))
+
+    async def get_response(self, path: str, scope: Scope) -> Response:
+        """
+        Returns an HTTP response, given the incoming path, method and request headers.
+        """
+        if scope["method"] not in ("GET", "HEAD"):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=405)
+
+        try:
+            full_path, stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.lookup_path, path)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=401)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            # Filename is too long, so it can't be a valid static file.
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+            raise exc
+        except ValueError:
+            # Null bytes or other invalid characters in the path.
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+        if stat_result and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            # We have a static file to serve.
+            return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        elif stat_result and stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode) and self.html:
+            # We're in HTML mode, and have got a directory URL.
+            # Check if we have 'index.html' file to serve.
+            index_path = os.path.join(path, "index.html")
+            full_path, stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.lookup_path, index_path)
+            if stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+                if not scope["path"].endswith("/"):
+                    # Directory URLs should redirect to always end in "/".
+                    url = URL(scope=scope)
+                    url = url.replace(path=url.path + "/")
+                    return RedirectResponse(url=url)
+                return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        if self.html:
+            # Check for '404.html' if we're in HTML mode.
+            full_path, stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.lookup_path, "404.html")
+            if stat_result and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+                return FileResponse(full_path, stat_result=stat_result, status_code=404)
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+    def lookup_path(self, path: str) -> tuple[str, os.stat_result | None]:
+        # Reject absolute paths so they cannot escape the served directory.
+        if path.startswith(("/", "\\")):
+            return "", None
+        for directory in self.all_directories:
+            joined_path = os.path.join(directory, path)
+            if self.follow_symlink:
+                full_path = os.path.abspath(joined_path)
+                directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
+            else:
+                full_path = os.path.realpath(joined_path)
+                directory = os.path.realpath(directory)
+            if os.path.commonpath([full_path, directory]) != str(directory):
+                # Don't allow misbehaving clients to break out of the static files directory.
+                continue
+            try:
+                return full_path, os.stat(full_path)
+            except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+                continue
+        return "", None
+
+    def file_response(
+        self,
+        full_path: PathLike,
+        stat_result: os.stat_result,
+        scope: Scope,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+    ) -> Response:
+        request_headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+
+        response = FileResponse(full_path, status_code=status_code, stat_result=stat_result)
+        if self.is_not_modified(response.headers, request_headers):
+            return NotModifiedResponse(response.headers)
+        return response
+
+    async def check_config(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform a one-off configuration check that StaticFiles is actually
+        pointed at a directory, so that we can raise loud errors rather than
+        just returning 404 responses.
+        """
+        if self.directory is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(os.stat, self.directory)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"StaticFiles directory '{self.directory}' does not exist.")
+        if not (stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode) or stat.S_ISLNK(stat_result.st_mode)):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"StaticFiles path '{self.directory}' is not a directory.")
+
+    def is_not_modified(self, response_headers: Headers, request_headers: Headers) -> bool:
+        """
+        Given the request and response headers, return `True` if an HTTP
+        "Not Modified" response could be returned instead.
+        """
+        if if_none_match := request_headers.get("if-none-match"):
+            # The "etag" header is added by FileResponse, so it's always present.
+            etag = response_headers["etag"]
+            return etag in [tag.strip().removeprefix("W/") for tag in if_none_match.split(",")]
+
+        try:
+            if_modified_since = parsedate(request_headers["if-modified-since"])
+            last_modified = parsedate(response_headers["last-modified"])
+            if if_modified_since is not None and last_modified is not None and if_modified_since >= last_modified:
+                return True
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        return False
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/status.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/status.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..202b6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/status.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+"""
+HTTP codes
+See HTTP Status Code Registry:
+https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml
+
+And RFC 9110 - https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+
+__all__ = [
+    "HTTP_100_CONTINUE",
+    "HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS",
+    "HTTP_102_PROCESSING",
+    "HTTP_103_EARLY_HINTS",
+    "HTTP_200_OK",
+    "HTTP_201_CREATED",
+    "HTTP_202_ACCEPTED",
+    "HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION",
+    "HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS",
+    "HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED",
+    "HTTP_226_IM_USED",
+    "HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES",
+    "HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY",
+    "HTTP_302_FOUND",
+    "HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER",
+    "HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED",
+    "HTTP_305_USE_PROXY",
+    "HTTP_306_RESERVED",
+    "HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT",
+    "HTTP_308_PERMANENT_REDIRECT",
+    "HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST",
+    "HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED",
+    "HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN",
+    "HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND",
+    "HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED",
+    "HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE",
+    "HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT",
+    "HTTP_409_CONFLICT",
+    "HTTP_410_GONE",
+    "HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED",
+    "HTTP_413_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE",
+    "HTTP_414_URI_TOO_LONG",
+    "HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE",
+    "HTTP_416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE",
+    "HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED",
+    "HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT",
+    "HTTP_421_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST",
+    "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_423_LOCKED",
+    "HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY",
+    "HTTP_425_TOO_EARLY",
+    "HTTP_426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS",
+    "HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE",
+    "HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS",
+    "HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
+    "HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED",
+    "HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY",
+    "HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE",
+    "HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT",
+    "HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED",
+    "HTTP_506_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES",
+    "HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE",
+    "HTTP_508_LOOP_DETECTED",
+    "HTTP_510_NOT_EXTENDED",
+    "HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED",
+    "WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE",
+    "WS_1001_GOING_AWAY",
+    "WS_1002_PROTOCOL_ERROR",
+    "WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA",
+    "WS_1005_NO_STATUS_RCVD",
+    "WS_1006_ABNORMAL_CLOSURE",
+    "WS_1007_INVALID_FRAME_PAYLOAD_DATA",
+    "WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION",
+    "WS_1009_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG",
+    "WS_1010_MANDATORY_EXT",
+    "WS_1011_INTERNAL_ERROR",
+    "WS_1012_SERVICE_RESTART",
+    "WS_1013_TRY_AGAIN_LATER",
+    "WS_1014_BAD_GATEWAY",
+    "WS_1015_TLS_HANDSHAKE",
+]
+
+HTTP_100_CONTINUE = 100
+HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
+HTTP_102_PROCESSING = 102
+HTTP_103_EARLY_HINTS = 103
+HTTP_200_OK = 200
+HTTP_201_CREATED = 201
+HTTP_202_ACCEPTED = 202
+HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
+HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT = 204
+HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT = 205
+HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
+HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS = 207
+HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED = 208
+HTTP_226_IM_USED = 226
+HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
+HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
+HTTP_302_FOUND = 302
+HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER = 303
+HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED = 304
+HTTP_305_USE_PROXY = 305
+HTTP_306_RESERVED = 306
+HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
+HTTP_308_PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308
+HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST = 400
+HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED = 401
+HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
+HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN = 403
+HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND = 404
+HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
+HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
+HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
+HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
+HTTP_409_CONFLICT = 409
+HTTP_410_GONE = 410
+HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
+HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
+HTTP_413_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE = 413
+HTTP_414_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
+HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
+HTTP_416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
+HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
+HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT = 418
+HTTP_421_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421
+HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT = 422
+HTTP_423_LOCKED = 423
+HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
+HTTP_425_TOO_EARLY = 425
+HTTP_426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
+HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428
+HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429
+HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431
+HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451
+HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
+HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
+HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY = 502
+HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
+HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
+HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
+HTTP_506_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506
+HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
+HTTP_508_LOOP_DETECTED = 508
+HTTP_510_NOT_EXTENDED = 510
+HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511
+
+
+"""
+WebSocket codes
+https://www.iana.org/assignments/websocket/websocket.xml#close-code-number
+https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CloseEvent
+"""
+WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE = 1000
+WS_1001_GOING_AWAY = 1001
+WS_1002_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 1002
+WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA = 1003
+WS_1005_NO_STATUS_RCVD = 1005
+WS_1006_ABNORMAL_CLOSURE = 1006
+WS_1007_INVALID_FRAME_PAYLOAD_DATA = 1007
+WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION = 1008
+WS_1009_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG = 1009
+WS_1010_MANDATORY_EXT = 1010
+WS_1011_INTERNAL_ERROR = 1011
+WS_1012_SERVICE_RESTART = 1012
+WS_1013_TRY_AGAIN_LATER = 1013
+WS_1014_BAD_GATEWAY = 1014
+WS_1015_TLS_HANDSHAKE = 1015
+
+__deprecated__ = {
+    "HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE": 413,
+    "HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG": 414,
+    "HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE": 416,
+    "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY": 422,
+}
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> int:
+    deprecation_changes = {
+        "HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE": "HTTP_413_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE",
+        "HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG": "HTTP_414_URI_TOO_LONG",
+        "HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE": "HTTP_416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE",
+        "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY": "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT",
+    }
+
+    deprecated = __deprecated__.get(name)
+    if deprecated:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"'{name}' is deprecated. Use '{deprecation_changes[name]}' instead.",
+            category=StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=3,
+        )
+        return deprecated
+
+    raise AttributeError(f"module 'starlette.status' has no attribute '{name}'")
+
+
+def __dir__() -> list[str]:
+    return sorted(list(__all__) + list(__deprecated__.keys()))  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/templating.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67872b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, overload
+
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTask
+from starlette.datastructures import URL
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+try:
+    import jinja2
+
+    # @contextfunction was renamed to @pass_context in Jinja 3.0, and was removed in 3.1
+    # hence we try to get pass_context (most installs will be >=3.1)
+    # and fall back to contextfunction,
+    # adding a type ignore for mypy to let us access an attribute that may not exist
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        pass_context = jinja2.pass_context
+    else:
+        if hasattr(jinja2, "pass_context"):
+            pass_context = jinja2.pass_context
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass_context = jinja2.contextfunction  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+except ImportError as _import_error:  # pragma: no cover
+    raise ImportError("jinja2 must be installed to use Jinja2Templates") from _import_error
+
+
+class _TemplateResponse(HTMLResponse):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        template: Any,
+        context: dict[str, Any],
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.template = template
+        self.context = context
+        content = template.render(context)
+        super().__init__(content, status_code, headers, media_type, background)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        request = self.context.get("request", {})
+        extensions = request.get("extensions", {})
+        if "http.response.debug" in extensions:  # pragma: no branch
+            await send({"type": "http.response.debug", "info": {"template": self.template, "context": self.context}})
+        await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class Jinja2Templates:
+    """Jinja2 template renderer.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates
+
+        templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
+
+        async def homepage(request: Request) -> Response:
+            return templates.TemplateResponse(request, "index.html")
+        ```
+    """
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str | PathLike[str] | Sequence[str | PathLike[str]],
+        *,
+        context_processors: list[Callable[[Request], dict[str, Any]]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        env: jinja2.Environment,
+        context_processors: list[Callable[[Request], dict[str, Any]]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str | PathLike[str] | Sequence[str | PathLike[str]] | None = None,
+        *,
+        context_processors: list[Callable[[Request], dict[str, Any]]] | None = None,
+        env: jinja2.Environment | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert bool(directory) ^ bool(env), "either 'directory' or 'env' arguments must be passed"
+        self.context_processors = context_processors or []
+        if directory is not None:
+            loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(directory)
+            self.env = jinja2.Environment(loader=loader, autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape())
+        elif env is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            self.env = env
+
+        self._setup_env_defaults(self.env)
+
+    def _setup_env_defaults(self, env: jinja2.Environment) -> None:
+        @pass_context
+        def url_for(
+            context: dict[str, Any],
+            name: str,
+            /,
+            **path_params: Any,
+        ) -> URL:
+            request: Request = context["request"]
+            return request.url_for(name, **path_params)
+
+        env.globals.setdefault("url_for", url_for)
+
+    def get_template(self, name: str) -> jinja2.Template:
+        return self.env.get_template(name)
+
+    def TemplateResponse(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        name: str,
+        context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> _TemplateResponse:
+        """
+        Render a template and return an HTML response.
+
+        Args:
+            request: The incoming request instance.
+            name: The template file name to render.
+            context: Variables to pass to the template.
+            status_code: HTTP status code for the response.
+            headers: Additional headers to include in the response.
+            media_type: Media type for the response.
+            background: Background task to run after response is sent.
+
+        Returns:
+            An HTML response with the rendered template content.
+        """
+        context = context or {}
+
+        context.setdefault("request", request)
+        for context_processor in self.context_processors:
+            context.update(context_processor(request))
+
+        template = self.get_template(name)
+        return _TemplateResponse(
+            template,
+            context,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            headers=headers,
+            media_type=media_type,
+            background=background,
+        )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63d8790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import inspect
+import io
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, TypedDict, TypeGuard, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote, urljoin
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.abc
+import anyio.from_thread
+from anyio.streams.stapled import StapledObjectStream
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Self
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import httpx2 as httpx
+else:
+    try:
+        import httpx2 as httpx
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            import httpx
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The starlette.testclient module requires the httpx2 package to be installed.\n"
+                "You can install this with:\n"
+                "    $ pip install httpx2\n"
+            ) from None
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using `httpx` with `starlette.testclient` is deprecated; install `httpx2` instead.",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+_PortalFactoryType = Callable[[], AbstractContextManager[anyio.abc.BlockingPortal]]
+
+ASGIInstance = Callable[[Receive, Send], Awaitable[None]]
+ASGI2App = Callable[[Scope], ASGIInstance]
+ASGI3App = Callable[[Scope, Receive, Send], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+_RequestData = Mapping[str, str | Iterable[str] | bytes]
+
+
+def _is_asgi3(app: ASGI2App | ASGI3App) -> TypeGuard[ASGI3App]:
+    if inspect.isclass(app):
+        return hasattr(app, "__await__")
+    return is_async_callable(app)
+
+
+class _WrapASGI2:
+    """
+    Provide an ASGI3 interface onto an ASGI2 app.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGI2App) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        instance = self.app(scope)
+        await instance(receive, send)
+
+
+class _AsyncBackend(TypedDict):
+    backend: str
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class _Upgrade(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, session: WebSocketTestSession) -> None:
+        self.session = session
+
+
+class WebSocketDenialResponse(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    httpx.Response,
+    WebSocketDisconnect,
+):
+    """
+    A special case of `WebSocketDisconnect`, raised in the `TestClient` if the
+    `WebSocket` is closed before being accepted with a `send_denial_response()`.
+    """
+
+
+class WebSocketTestSession:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGI3App,
+        scope: Scope,
+        portal_factory: _PortalFactoryType,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.accepted_subprotocol = None
+        self.portal_factory = portal_factory
+        self.extra_headers = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            self.portal = portal = stack.enter_context(self.portal_factory())
+            fut, cs = portal.start_task(self._run)
+            stack.callback(fut.result)
+            stack.callback(portal.call, cs.cancel)
+            self.send({"type": "websocket.connect"})
+            message = self.receive()
+            self._raise_on_close(message)
+            self.accepted_subprotocol = message.get("subprotocol", None)
+            self.extra_headers = message.get("headers", None)
+            stack.callback(self.close, 1000)
+            self.exit_stack = stack.pop_all()
+            return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> bool | None:
+        return self.exit_stack.__exit__(*args)
+
+    async def _run(self, *, task_status: anyio.abc.TaskStatus[anyio.CancelScope]) -> None:
+        """
+        The sub-thread in which the websocket session runs.
+        """
+        send: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[Message] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+        send_tx, send_rx = send
+        receive: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[Message] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+        receive_tx, receive_rx = receive
+        with send_tx, send_rx, receive_tx, receive_rx, anyio.CancelScope() as cs:
+            self._receive_tx = receive_tx
+            self._send_rx = send_rx
+            task_status.started(cs)
+            await self.app(self.scope, receive_rx.receive, send_tx.send)
+
+            # wait for cs.cancel to be called before closing streams
+            await anyio.sleep_forever()
+
+    def _raise_on_close(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        if message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+            raise WebSocketDisconnect(code=message.get("code", 1000), reason=message.get("reason", ""))
+        elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start":
+            status_code: int = message["status"]
+            headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = message["headers"]
+            body: list[bytes] = []
+            while True:
+                message = self.receive()
+                assert message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body"
+                body.append(message["body"])
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    break
+            raise WebSocketDenialResponse(status_code=status_code, headers=headers, content=b"".join(body))
+
+    def send(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        self.portal.call(self._receive_tx.send, message)
+
+    def send_text(self, data: str) -> None:
+        self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "text": data})
+
+    def send_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": data})
+
+    def send_json(self, data: Any, mode: Literal["text", "binary"] = "text") -> None:
+        text = json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False)
+        if mode == "text":
+            self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "text": text})
+        else:
+            self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": text.encode("utf-8")})
+
+    def close(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.send({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+
+    def receive(self) -> Message:
+        return self.portal.call(self._send_rx.receive)
+
+    def receive_text(self) -> str:
+        message = self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_close(message)
+        return cast(str, message["text"])
+
+    def receive_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        message = self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_close(message)
+        return cast(bytes, message["bytes"])
+
+    def receive_json(self, mode: Literal["text", "binary"] = "text") -> Any:
+        message = self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_close(message)
+        if mode == "text":
+            text = message["text"]
+        else:
+            text = message["bytes"].decode("utf-8")
+        return json.loads(text)
+
+
+class _TestClientTransport(httpx.BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGI3App,
+        portal_factory: _PortalFactoryType,
+        raise_server_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        *,
+        client: tuple[str, int],
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_server_exceptions = raise_server_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.portal_factory = portal_factory
+        self.app_state = app_state
+        self.client = client
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        scheme = request.url.scheme
+        netloc = request.url.netloc.decode(encoding="ascii")
+        path = request.url.path
+        raw_path = request.url.raw_path
+        query = request.url.query.decode(encoding="ascii")
+
+        default_port = {"http": 80, "ws": 80, "https": 443, "wss": 443}[scheme]
+
+        if ":" in netloc:
+            host, port_string = netloc.split(":", 1)
+            port = int(port_string)
+        else:
+            host = netloc
+            port = default_port
+
+        # Include the 'host' header.
+        if "host" in request.headers:
+            headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+        elif port == default_port:  # pragma: no cover
+            headers = [(b"host", host.encode())]
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            headers = [(b"host", (f"{host}:{port}").encode())]
+
+        # Include other request headers.
+        headers += [(key.lower().encode(), value.encode()) for key, value in request.headers.multi_items()]
+
+        scope: dict[str, Any]
+
+        if scheme in {"ws", "wss"}:
+            subprotocol = request.headers.get("sec-websocket-protocol", None)
+            if subprotocol is None:
+                subprotocols: Sequence[str] = []
+            else:
+                subprotocols = [value.strip() for value in subprotocol.split(",")]
+            scope = {
+                "type": "websocket",
+                "path": unquote(path),
+                "raw_path": raw_path.split(b"?", 1)[0],
+                "root_path": self.root_path,
+                "scheme": scheme,
+                "query_string": query.encode(),
+                "headers": headers,
+                "client": self.client,
+                "server": [host, port],
+                "subprotocols": subprotocols,
+                "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+                "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+            }
+            session = WebSocketTestSession(self.app, scope, self.portal_factory)
+            raise _Upgrade(session)
+
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": request.method,
+            "path": unquote(path),
+            "raw_path": raw_path.split(b"?", 1)[0],
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "scheme": scheme,
+            "query_string": query.encode(),
+            "headers": headers,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "server": [host, port],
+            "extensions": {"http.response.debug": {}},
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+        }
+
+        request_complete = False
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete: anyio.Event
+        raw_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {"stream": io.BytesIO()}
+        template = None
+        context = None
+
+        async def receive() -> Message:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                if not response_complete.is_set():
+                    await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            body = request.read()
+            if isinstance(body, str):
+                body_bytes: bytes = body.encode("utf-8")  # pragma: no cover
+            elif body is None:
+                body_bytes = b""  # pragma: no cover
+            elif isinstance(body, GeneratorType):
+                try:  # pragma: no cover
+                    chunk = body.send(None)
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                        chunk = chunk.encode("utf-8")
+                    return {"type": "http.request", "body": chunk, "more_body": True}
+                except StopIteration:  # pragma: no cover
+                    request_complete = True
+                    return {"type": "http.request", "body": b""}
+            else:
+                body_bytes = body
+
+            request_complete = True
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body_bytes}
+
+        async def send(message: Message) -> None:
+            nonlocal raw_kwargs, response_started, template, context
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started, 'Received multiple "http.response.start" messages.'
+                raw_kwargs["status_code"] = message["status"]
+                raw_kwargs["headers"] = [(key.decode(), value.decode()) for key, value in message.get("headers", [])]
+                response_started = True
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert response_started, 'Received "http.response.body" without "http.response.start".'
+                assert not response_complete.is_set(), 'Received "http.response.body" after response completed.'
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+                if request.method != "HEAD":
+                    raw_kwargs["stream"].write(body)
+                if not more_body:
+                    raw_kwargs["stream"].seek(0)
+                    response_complete.set()
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.debug":
+                template = message["info"]["template"]
+                context = message["info"]["context"]
+
+        try:
+            with self.portal_factory() as portal:
+                response_complete = portal.call(anyio.Event)
+                portal.call(self.app, scope, receive, send)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            if self.raise_server_exceptions:
+                raise exc
+
+        if self.raise_server_exceptions:
+            assert response_started, "TestClient did not receive any response."
+        elif not response_started:
+            raw_kwargs = {
+                "status_code": 500,
+                "headers": [],
+                "stream": io.BytesIO(),
+            }
+
+        raw_kwargs["stream"] = httpx.ByteStream(raw_kwargs["stream"].read())
+
+        response = httpx.Response(**raw_kwargs, request=request)
+        if template is not None:
+            response.template = template  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            response.context = context  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return response
+
+
+class TestClient(httpx.Client):
+    __test__ = False
+    task: Future[None]
+    portal: anyio.abc.BlockingPortal | None = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        base_url: str = "http://testserver",
+        raise_server_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        backend: Literal["asyncio", "trio"] = "asyncio",
+        backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        follow_redirects: bool = True,
+        client: tuple[str, int] = ("testclient", 50000),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.async_backend = _AsyncBackend(backend=backend, backend_options=backend_options or {})
+        if _is_asgi3(app):
+            asgi_app = app
+        else:
+            app = cast(ASGI2App, app)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            asgi_app = _WrapASGI2(app)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self.app = asgi_app
+        self.app_state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        transport = _TestClientTransport(
+            self.app,
+            portal_factory=self._portal_factory,
+            raise_server_exceptions=raise_server_exceptions,
+            root_path=root_path,
+            app_state=self.app_state,
+            client=client,
+        )
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        headers.setdefault("user-agent", "testclient")
+        super().__init__(
+            base_url=base_url,
+            headers=headers,
+            transport=transport,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _portal_factory(self) -> Generator[anyio.abc.BlockingPortal, None, None]:
+        if self.portal is not None:
+            yield self.portal
+        else:
+            with anyio.from_thread.start_blocking_portal(**self.async_backend) as portal:
+                yield portal
+
+    def request(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        if timeout is not httpx.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "You should not use the 'timeout' argument with the TestClient. "
+                "See https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/issues/1108 for more information.",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        url = self._merge_url(url)
+        return super().request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def get(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().get(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def options(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().options(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def head(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().head(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def post(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().post(
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def put(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().put(
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def patch(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().patch(
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def delete(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().delete(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def websocket_connect(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> WebSocketTestSession:
+        url = urljoin("ws://testserver", url)
+        headers = kwargs.get("headers", {})
+        headers.setdefault("connection", "upgrade")
+        headers.setdefault("sec-websocket-key", "testserver==")
+        headers.setdefault("sec-websocket-version", "13")
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            headers.setdefault("sec-websocket-protocol", ", ".join(subprotocols))
+        kwargs["headers"] = headers
+        try:
+            super().request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+        except _Upgrade as exc:
+            session = exc.session
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("Expected WebSocket upgrade")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        return session
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            self.portal = portal = stack.enter_context(anyio.from_thread.start_blocking_portal(**self.async_backend))
+
+            @stack.callback
+            def reset_portal() -> None:
+                self.portal = None
+
+            send: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[MutableMapping[str, Any] | None] = (
+                anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+            )
+            receive: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[MutableMapping[str, Any]] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(
+                math.inf
+            )
+            for channel in (*send, *receive):
+                stack.callback(channel.close)
+            self.stream_send = StapledObjectStream(*send)
+            self.stream_receive = StapledObjectStream(*receive)
+            self.task = portal.start_task_soon(self.lifespan)
+            portal.call(self.wait_startup)
+
+            @stack.callback
+            def wait_shutdown() -> None:
+                portal.call(self.wait_shutdown)
+
+            self.exit_stack = stack.pop_all()
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+        self.exit_stack.close()
+
+    async def lifespan(self) -> None:
+        scope = {"type": "lifespan", "state": self.app_state}
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, self.stream_receive.receive, self.stream_send.send)
+        finally:
+            await self.stream_send.send(None)
+
+    async def wait_startup(self) -> None:
+        await self.stream_receive.send({"type": "lifespan.startup"})
+
+        async def receive() -> Any:
+            message = await self.stream_send.receive()
+            if message is None:
+                self.task.result()
+            return message
+
+        message = await receive()
+        assert message["type"] in (
+            "lifespan.startup.complete",
+            "lifespan.startup.failed",
+        )
+        if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup.failed":
+            await receive()
+
+    async def wait_shutdown(self) -> None:
+        async def receive() -> Any:
+            message = await self.stream_send.receive()
+            if message is None:
+                self.task.result()
+            return message
+
+        await self.stream_receive.send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown"})
+        message = await receive()
+        assert message["type"] in (
+            "lifespan.shutdown.complete",
+            "lifespan.shutdown.failed",
+        )
+        if message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown.failed":
+            await receive()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b767ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from starlette.requests import Request
+    from starlette.responses import Response
+    from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+AppType = TypeVar("AppType")
+
+Scope = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+Message = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+
+Receive = Callable[[], Awaitable[Message]]
+Send = Callable[[Message], Awaitable[None]]
+
+ASGIApp = Callable[[Scope, Receive, Send], Awaitable[None]]
+
+StatelessLifespan = Callable[[AppType], AbstractAsyncContextManager[None]]
+StatefulLifespan = Callable[[AppType], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Mapping[str, Any]]]
+Lifespan = StatelessLifespan[AppType] | StatefulLifespan[AppType]
+
+HTTPExceptionHandler = Callable[["Request", Exception], "Response | Awaitable[Response]"]
+WebSocketExceptionHandler = Callable[["WebSocket", Exception], Awaitable[None]]
+ExceptionHandler = HTTPExceptionHandler | WebSocketExceptionHandler
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/websockets.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/websockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab709a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/websockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import json
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, StateT
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class WebSocketState(enum.Enum):
+    CONNECTING = 0
+    CONNECTED = 1
+    DISCONNECTED = 2
+    RESPONSE = 3
+
+
+class WebSocketDisconnect(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self.reason = reason or ""
+
+
+class WebSocket(HTTPConnection[StateT]):
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        super().__init__(scope)
+        assert scope["type"] == "websocket"
+        self._receive = receive
+        self._send = send
+        self.client_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTING
+        self.application_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTING
+
+    async def receive(self) -> Message:
+        """
+        Receive ASGI websocket messages, ensuring valid state transitions.
+        """
+        if self.client_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTING:
+            message = await self._receive()
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type != "websocket.connect":
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.connect", but got {message_type!r}')
+            self.client_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTED
+            return message
+        elif self.client_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            message = await self._receive()
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type not in {"websocket.receive", "websocket.disconnect"}:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.receive" or "websocket.disconnect", but got {message_type!r}'
+                )
+            if message_type == "websocket.disconnect":
+                self.client_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            return message
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call "receive" once a disconnect message has been received.')
+
+    async def send(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        """
+        Send ASGI websocket messages, ensuring valid state transitions.
+        """
+        if self.application_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTING:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type not in {"websocket.accept", "websocket.close", "websocket.http.response.start"}:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'Expected ASGI message "websocket.accept", "websocket.close" or "websocket.http.response.start", '
+                    f"but got {message_type!r}"
+                )
+            if message_type == "websocket.close":
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            elif message_type == "websocket.http.response.start":
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.RESPONSE
+            else:
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTED
+            await self._send(message)
+        elif self.application_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type not in {"websocket.send", "websocket.close"}:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.send" or "websocket.close", but got {message_type!r}'
+                )
+            if message_type == "websocket.close":
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            try:
+                await self._send(message)
+            except OSError:
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+                raise WebSocketDisconnect(code=1006)
+        elif self.application_state == WebSocketState.RESPONSE:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type != "websocket.http.response.body":
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.http.response.body", but got {message_type!r}')
+            if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            await self._send(message)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call "send" once a close message has been sent.')
+
+    async def accept(
+        self,
+        subprotocol: str | None = None,
+        headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        headers = headers or []
+
+        if self.client_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTING:  # pragma: no branch
+            # If we haven't yet seen the 'connect' message, then wait for it first.
+            await self.receive()
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.accept", "subprotocol": subprotocol, "headers": headers})
+
+    def _raise_on_disconnect(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        if message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":
+            raise WebSocketDisconnect(message["code"], message.get("reason"))
+
+    async def receive_text(self) -> str:
+        if self.application_state != WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            raise RuntimeError('WebSocket is not connected. Need to call "accept" first.')
+        message = await self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_disconnect(message)
+        return cast(str, message["text"])
+
+    async def receive_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.application_state != WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            raise RuntimeError('WebSocket is not connected. Need to call "accept" first.')
+        message = await self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_disconnect(message)
+        return cast(bytes, message["bytes"])
+
+    async def receive_json(self, mode: str = "text") -> Any:
+        if mode not in {"text", "binary"}:
+            raise RuntimeError('The "mode" argument should be "text" or "binary".')
+        if self.application_state != WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            raise RuntimeError('WebSocket is not connected. Need to call "accept" first.')
+        message = await self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_disconnect(message)
+
+        if mode == "text":
+            text = message["text"]
+        else:
+            text = message["bytes"].decode("utf-8")
+        return json.loads(text)
+
+    async def iter_text(self) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.receive_text()
+        except WebSocketDisconnect:
+            pass
+
+    async def iter_bytes(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.receive_bytes()
+        except WebSocketDisconnect:
+            pass
+
+    async def iter_json(self) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.receive_json()
+        except WebSocketDisconnect:
+            pass
+
+    async def send_text(self, data: str) -> None:
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "text": data})
+
+    async def send_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "bytes": data})
+
+    async def send_json(self, data: Any, mode: str = "text") -> None:
+        if mode not in {"text", "binary"}:
+            raise RuntimeError('The "mode" argument should be "text" or "binary".')
+        text = json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False)
+        if mode == "text":
+            await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "text": text})
+        else:
+            await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "bytes": text.encode("utf-8")})
+
+    async def close(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.close", "code": code, "reason": reason or ""})
+
+    async def send_denial_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        if "websocket.http.response" in self.scope.get("extensions", {}):
+            await response(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("The server doesn't support the Websocket Denial Response extension.")
+
+
+class WebSocketClose:
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self.reason = reason or ""
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await send({"type": "websocket.close", "code": self.code, "reason": self.reason})
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5010e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright 2013-2019 William Pearson
+Copyright 2015-2016 Julien Enselme
+Copyright 2016 Google Inc.
+Copyright 2017 Samuel Vasko
+Copyright 2017 Nate Prewitt
+Copyright 2017 Jack Evans
+Copyright 2019 Filippo Broggini
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2635c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: toml
+Version: 0.10.2
+Summary: Python Library for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language
+Home-page: https://github.com/uiri/toml
+Author: William Pearson
+Author-email: uiri@xqz.ca
+License: MIT
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Requires-Python: >=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*
+
+****
+TOML
+****
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/toml
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/toml/
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/uiri/toml.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/uiri/toml
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/toml.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/toml/
+
+
+A Python library for parsing and creating `TOML <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOML>`_.
+
+The module passes `the TOML test suite <https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test>`_.
+
+See also:
+
+* `The TOML Standard <https://github.com/toml-lang/toml>`_
+* `The currently supported TOML specification <https://github.com/toml-lang/toml/blob/v0.5.0/README.md>`_
+
+Installation
+============
+
+To install the latest release on `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/toml/>`_,
+simply run:
+
+::
+
+  pip install toml
+
+Or to install the latest development version, run:
+
+::
+
+  git clone https://github.com/uiri/toml.git
+  cd toml
+  python setup.py install
+
+Quick Tutorial
+==============
+
+*toml.loads* takes in a string containing standard TOML-formatted data and
+returns a dictionary containing the parsed data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> import toml
+  >>> toml_string = """
+  ... # This is a TOML document.
+  ...
+  ... title = "TOML Example"
+  ...
+  ... [owner]
+  ... name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+  ... dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00 # First class dates
+  ...
+  ... [database]
+  ... server = "192.168.1.1"
+  ... ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002 ]
+  ... connection_max = 5000
+  ... enabled = true
+  ...
+  ... [servers]
+  ...
+  ...   # Indentation (tabs and/or spaces) is allowed but not required
+  ...   [servers.alpha]
+  ...   ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  ...   dc = "eqdc10"
+  ...
+  ...   [servers.beta]
+  ...   ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  ...   dc = "eqdc10"
+  ...
+  ... [clients]
+  ... data = [ ["gamma", "delta"], [1, 2] ]
+  ...
+  ... # Line breaks are OK when inside arrays
+  ... hosts = [
+  ...   "alpha",
+  ...   "omega"
+  ... ]
+  ... """
+  >>> parsed_toml = toml.loads(toml_string)
+
+
+*toml.dumps* takes a dictionary and returns a string containing the
+corresponding TOML-formatted data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> new_toml_string = toml.dumps(parsed_toml)
+  >>> print(new_toml_string)
+  title = "TOML Example"
+  [owner]
+  name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+  dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
+  [database]
+  server = "192.168.1.1"
+  ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002,]
+  connection_max = 5000
+  enabled = true
+  [clients]
+  data = [ [ "gamma", "delta",], [ 1, 2,],]
+  hosts = [ "alpha", "omega",]
+  [servers.alpha]
+  ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+  [servers.beta]
+  ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+
+*toml.dump* takes a dictionary and a file descriptor and returns a string containing the
+corresponding TOML-formatted data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> with open('new_toml_file.toml', 'w') as f:
+  ...     new_toml_string = toml.dump(parsed_toml, f)
+  >>> print(new_toml_string)
+  title = "TOML Example"
+  [owner]
+  name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+  dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
+  [database]
+  server = "192.168.1.1"
+  ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002,]
+  connection_max = 5000
+  enabled = true
+  [clients]
+  data = [ [ "gamma", "delta",], [ 1, 2,],]
+  hosts = [ "alpha", "omega",]
+  [servers.alpha]
+  ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+  [servers.beta]
+  ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+
+For more functions, view the API Reference below.
+
+Note
+----
+
+For Numpy users, by default the data types ``np.floatX`` will not be translated to floats by toml, but will instead be encoded as strings. To get around this, specify the ``TomlNumpyEncoder`` when saving your data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> import toml
+  >>> import numpy as np
+  >>> a = np.arange(0, 10, dtype=np.double)
+  >>> output = {'a': a}
+  >>> toml.dumps(output)
+  'a = [ "0.0", "1.0", "2.0", "3.0", "4.0", "5.0", "6.0", "7.0", "8.0", "9.0",]\n'
+  >>> toml.dumps(output, encoder=toml.TomlNumpyEncoder())
+  'a = [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0,]\n'
+
+API Reference
+=============
+
+``toml.load(f, _dict=dict)``
+  Parse a file or a list of files as TOML and return a dictionary.
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``f``: A path to a file, list of filepaths (to be read into single
+      object) or a file descriptor
+    * ``_dict``: The class of the dictionary object to be returned
+
+  :Returns:
+    A dictionary (or object ``_dict``) containing parsed TOML data
+
+  :Raises:
+    * ``TypeError``: When ``f`` is an invalid type or is a list containing
+      invalid types
+    * ``TomlDecodeError``: When an error occurs while decoding the file(s)
+
+``toml.loads(s, _dict=dict)``
+  Parse a TOML-formatted string to a dictionary.
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``s``: The TOML-formatted string to be parsed
+    * ``_dict``: Specifies the class of the returned toml dictionary
+
+  :Returns:
+    A dictionary (or object ``_dict``) containing parsed TOML data
+
+  :Raises:
+    * ``TypeError``: When a non-string object is passed
+    * ``TomlDecodeError``: When an error occurs while decoding the
+      TOML-formatted string
+
+``toml.dump(o, f, encoder=None)``
+  Write a dictionary to a file containing TOML-formatted data
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``o``: An object to be converted into TOML
+    * ``f``: A File descriptor where the TOML-formatted output should be stored
+    * ``encoder``: An instance of ``TomlEncoder`` (or subclass) for encoding the object. If ``None``, will default to ``TomlEncoder``
+
+  :Returns:
+    A string containing the TOML-formatted data corresponding to object ``o``
+
+  :Raises:
+    * ``TypeError``: When anything other than file descriptor is passed
+
+``toml.dumps(o, encoder=None)``
+  Create a TOML-formatted string from an input object
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``o``: An object to be converted into TOML
+    * ``encoder``: An instance of ``TomlEncoder`` (or subclass) for encoding the object. If ``None``, will default to ``TomlEncoder``
+
+  :Returns:
+    A string containing the TOML-formatted data corresponding to object ``o``
+
+
+
+Licensing
+=========
+
+This project is released under the terms of the MIT Open Source License. View
+*LICENSE.txt* for more information.
+
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88195ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=LZKUgj32yJNXyL5JJ_znk2HWVh5e51MtWSbmOTmqpTY,1252
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=n_YkspvEihd_QXLIZZ50WVSFz3rZ_k7jQP-OU1WUpWY,7142
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=ADKeyaGyKF5DwBNE0sRE5pvW-bSkFMJfBuhzZ3rceP4,110
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=2BO8ZRNnvJWgXyiQv66LBb_v87qBzcoUtEBefA75Ouk,5
+toml/__init__.py,sha256=Au3kqCwKD0cjbf4yJGOpUFwpsY0WHsC1ZRGvWgIKmpc,723
+toml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/decoder.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/encoder.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/ordered.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/tz.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/decoder.py,sha256=hSGTLf-2WBDZ_ddoCHWFy6N647XyMSh1o3rN2o4dEFg,38942
+toml/encoder.py,sha256=XjBc8ayvvlsLyd_qDA4tMWDNmMFRS4DpwtuDSWBq7zo,9940
+toml/ordered.py,sha256=mz03lZmV0bmc9lsYRIUOuj7Dsu5Ptwq-UtGVq5FdVZ4,354
+toml/tz.py,sha256=-5vg8wkg_atnVi2TnEveexIVE7T_FxBVr_-2WVfO1oA,701
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d38aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.35.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py2-none-any
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd79a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+toml
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7719ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""Python module which parses and emits TOML.
+
+Released under the MIT license.
+"""
+
+from toml import encoder
+from toml import decoder
+
+__version__ = "0.10.2"
+_spec_ = "0.5.0"
+
+load = decoder.load
+loads = decoder.loads
+TomlDecoder = decoder.TomlDecoder
+TomlDecodeError = decoder.TomlDecodeError
+TomlPreserveCommentDecoder = decoder.TomlPreserveCommentDecoder
+
+dump = encoder.dump
+dumps = encoder.dumps
+TomlEncoder = encoder.TomlEncoder
+TomlArraySeparatorEncoder = encoder.TomlArraySeparatorEncoder
+TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder = encoder.TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder
+TomlNumpyEncoder = encoder.TomlNumpyEncoder
+TomlPreserveCommentEncoder = encoder.TomlPreserveCommentEncoder
+TomlPathlibEncoder = encoder.TomlPathlibEncoder
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/decoder.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/decoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf400e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1057 @@
+import datetime
+import io
+from os import linesep
+import re
+import sys
+
+from toml.tz import TomlTz
+
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    _range = xrange  # noqa: F821
+else:
+    unicode = str
+    _range = range
+    basestring = str
+    unichr = chr
+
+
+def _detect_pathlib_path(p):
+    if (3, 4) <= sys.version_info:
+        import pathlib
+        if isinstance(p, pathlib.PurePath):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _ispath(p):
+    if isinstance(p, (bytes, basestring)):
+        return True
+    return _detect_pathlib_path(p)
+
+
+def _getpath(p):
+    if (3, 6) <= sys.version_info:
+        import os
+        return os.fspath(p)
+    if _detect_pathlib_path(p):
+        return str(p)
+    return p
+
+
+try:
+    FNFError = FileNotFoundError
+except NameError:
+    FNFError = IOError
+
+
+TIME_RE = re.compile(r"([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(\.([0-9]{3,6}))?")
+
+
+class TomlDecodeError(ValueError):
+    """Base toml Exception / Error."""
+
+    def __init__(self, msg, doc, pos):
+        lineno = doc.count('\n', 0, pos) + 1
+        colno = pos - doc.rfind('\n', 0, pos)
+        emsg = '{} (line {} column {} char {})'.format(msg, lineno, colno, pos)
+        ValueError.__init__(self, emsg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.doc = doc
+        self.pos = pos
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.colno = colno
+
+
+# Matches a TOML number, which allows underscores for readability
+_number_with_underscores = re.compile('([0-9])(_([0-9]))*')
+
+
+class CommentValue(object):
+    def __init__(self, val, comment, beginline, _dict):
+        self.val = val
+        separator = "\n" if beginline else " "
+        self.comment = separator + comment
+        self._dict = _dict
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.val[key]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.val[key] = value
+
+    def dump(self, dump_value_func):
+        retstr = dump_value_func(self.val)
+        if isinstance(self.val, self._dict):
+            return self.comment + "\n" + unicode(retstr)
+        else:
+            return unicode(retstr) + self.comment
+
+
+def _strictly_valid_num(n):
+    n = n.strip()
+    if not n:
+        return False
+    if n[0] == '_':
+        return False
+    if n[-1] == '_':
+        return False
+    if "_." in n or "._" in n:
+        return False
+    if len(n) == 1:
+        return True
+    if n[0] == '0' and n[1] not in ['.', 'o', 'b', 'x']:
+        return False
+    if n[0] == '+' or n[0] == '-':
+        n = n[1:]
+        if len(n) > 1 and n[0] == '0' and n[1] != '.':
+            return False
+    if '__' in n:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def load(f, _dict=dict, decoder=None):
+    """Parses named file or files as toml and returns a dictionary
+
+    Args:
+        f: Path to the file to open, array of files to read into single dict
+           or a file descriptor
+        _dict: (optional) Specifies the class of the returned toml dictionary
+        decoder: The decoder to use
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed toml file represented as a dictionary
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError -- When f is invalid type
+        TomlDecodeError: Error while decoding toml
+        IOError / FileNotFoundError -- When an array with no valid (existing)
+        (Python 2 / Python 3)          file paths is passed
+    """
+
+    if _ispath(f):
+        with io.open(_getpath(f), encoding='utf-8') as ffile:
+            return loads(ffile.read(), _dict, decoder)
+    elif isinstance(f, list):
+        from os import path as op
+        from warnings import warn
+        if not [path for path in f if op.exists(path)]:
+            error_msg = "Load expects a list to contain filenames only."
+            error_msg += linesep
+            error_msg += ("The list needs to contain the path of at least one "
+                          "existing file.")
+            raise FNFError(error_msg)
+        if decoder is None:
+            decoder = TomlDecoder(_dict)
+        d = decoder.get_empty_table()
+        for l in f:  # noqa: E741
+            if op.exists(l):
+                d.update(load(l, _dict, decoder))
+            else:
+                warn("Non-existent filename in list with at least one valid "
+                     "filename")
+        return d
+    else:
+        try:
+            return loads(f.read(), _dict, decoder)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError("You can only load a file descriptor, filename or "
+                            "list")
+
+
+_groupname_re = re.compile(r'^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$')
+
+
+def loads(s, _dict=dict, decoder=None):
+    """Parses string as toml
+
+    Args:
+        s: String to be parsed
+        _dict: (optional) Specifies the class of the returned toml dictionary
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed toml file represented as a dictionary
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: When a non-string is passed
+        TomlDecodeError: Error while decoding toml
+    """
+
+    implicitgroups = []
+    if decoder is None:
+        decoder = TomlDecoder(_dict)
+    retval = decoder.get_empty_table()
+    currentlevel = retval
+    if not isinstance(s, basestring):
+        raise TypeError("Expecting something like a string")
+
+    if not isinstance(s, unicode):
+        s = s.decode('utf8')
+
+    original = s
+    sl = list(s)
+    openarr = 0
+    openstring = False
+    openstrchar = ""
+    multilinestr = False
+    arrayoftables = False
+    beginline = True
+    keygroup = False
+    dottedkey = False
+    keyname = 0
+    key = ''
+    prev_key = ''
+    line_no = 1
+
+    for i, item in enumerate(sl):
+        if item == '\r' and sl[i + 1] == '\n':
+            sl[i] = ' '
+            continue
+        if keyname:
+            key += item
+            if item == '\n':
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Key name found without value."
+                                      " Reached end of line.", original, i)
+            if openstring:
+                if item == openstrchar:
+                    oddbackslash = False
+                    k = 1
+                    while i >= k and sl[i - k] == '\\':
+                        oddbackslash = not oddbackslash
+                        k += 1
+                    if not oddbackslash:
+                        keyname = 2
+                        openstring = False
+                        openstrchar = ""
+                continue
+            elif keyname == 1:
+                if item.isspace():
+                    keyname = 2
+                    continue
+                elif item == '.':
+                    dottedkey = True
+                    continue
+                elif item.isalnum() or item == '_' or item == '-':
+                    continue
+                elif (dottedkey and sl[i - 1] == '.' and
+                      (item == '"' or item == "'")):
+                    openstring = True
+                    openstrchar = item
+                    continue
+            elif keyname == 2:
+                if item.isspace():
+                    if dottedkey:
+                        nextitem = sl[i + 1]
+                        if not nextitem.isspace() and nextitem != '.':
+                            keyname = 1
+                    continue
+                if item == '.':
+                    dottedkey = True
+                    nextitem = sl[i + 1]
+                    if not nextitem.isspace() and nextitem != '.':
+                        keyname = 1
+                    continue
+            if item == '=':
+                keyname = 0
+                prev_key = key[:-1].rstrip()
+                key = ''
+                dottedkey = False
+            else:
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Found invalid character in key name: '" +
+                                      item + "'. Try quoting the key name.",
+                                      original, i)
+        if item == "'" and openstrchar != '"':
+            k = 1
+            try:
+                while sl[i - k] == "'":
+                    k += 1
+                    if k == 3:
+                        break
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            if k == 3:
+                multilinestr = not multilinestr
+                openstring = multilinestr
+            else:
+                openstring = not openstring
+            if openstring:
+                openstrchar = "'"
+            else:
+                openstrchar = ""
+        if item == '"' and openstrchar != "'":
+            oddbackslash = False
+            k = 1
+            tripquote = False
+            try:
+                while sl[i - k] == '"':
+                    k += 1
+                    if k == 3:
+                        tripquote = True
+                        break
+                if k == 1 or (k == 3 and tripquote):
+                    while sl[i - k] == '\\':
+                        oddbackslash = not oddbackslash
+                        k += 1
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            if not oddbackslash:
+                if tripquote:
+                    multilinestr = not multilinestr
+                    openstring = multilinestr
+                else:
+                    openstring = not openstring
+            if openstring:
+                openstrchar = '"'
+            else:
+                openstrchar = ""
+        if item == '#' and (not openstring and not keygroup and
+                            not arrayoftables):
+            j = i
+            comment = ""
+            try:
+                while sl[j] != '\n':
+                    comment += s[j]
+                    sl[j] = ' '
+                    j += 1
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+            if not openarr:
+                decoder.preserve_comment(line_no, prev_key, comment, beginline)
+        if item == '[' and (not openstring and not keygroup and
+                            not arrayoftables):
+            if beginline:
+                if len(sl) > i + 1 and sl[i + 1] == '[':
+                    arrayoftables = True
+                else:
+                    keygroup = True
+            else:
+                openarr += 1
+        if item == ']' and not openstring:
+            if keygroup:
+                keygroup = False
+            elif arrayoftables:
+                if sl[i - 1] == ']':
+                    arrayoftables = False
+            else:
+                openarr -= 1
+        if item == '\n':
+            if openstring or multilinestr:
+                if not multilinestr:
+                    raise TomlDecodeError("Unbalanced quotes", original, i)
+                if ((sl[i - 1] == "'" or sl[i - 1] == '"') and (
+                        sl[i - 2] == sl[i - 1])):
+                    sl[i] = sl[i - 1]
+                    if sl[i - 3] == sl[i - 1]:
+                        sl[i - 3] = ' '
+            elif openarr:
+                sl[i] = ' '
+            else:
+                beginline = True
+            line_no += 1
+        elif beginline and sl[i] != ' ' and sl[i] != '\t':
+            beginline = False
+            if not keygroup and not arrayoftables:
+                if sl[i] == '=':
+                    raise TomlDecodeError("Found empty keyname. ", original, i)
+                keyname = 1
+                key += item
+    if keyname:
+        raise TomlDecodeError("Key name found without value."
+                              " Reached end of file.", original, len(s))
+    if openstring:  # reached EOF and have an unterminated string
+        raise TomlDecodeError("Unterminated string found."
+                              " Reached end of file.", original, len(s))
+    s = ''.join(sl)
+    s = s.split('\n')
+    multikey = None
+    multilinestr = ""
+    multibackslash = False
+    pos = 0
+    for idx, line in enumerate(s):
+        if idx > 0:
+            pos += len(s[idx - 1]) + 1
+
+        decoder.embed_comments(idx, currentlevel)
+
+        if not multilinestr or multibackslash or '\n' not in multilinestr:
+            line = line.strip()
+        if line == "" and (not multikey or multibackslash):
+            continue
+        if multikey:
+            if multibackslash:
+                multilinestr += line
+            else:
+                multilinestr += line
+            multibackslash = False
+            closed = False
+            if multilinestr[0] == '[':
+                closed = line[-1] == ']'
+            elif len(line) > 2:
+                closed = (line[-1] == multilinestr[0] and
+                          line[-2] == multilinestr[0] and
+                          line[-3] == multilinestr[0])
+            if closed:
+                try:
+                    value, vtype = decoder.load_value(multilinestr)
+                except ValueError as err:
+                    raise TomlDecodeError(str(err), original, pos)
+                currentlevel[multikey] = value
+                multikey = None
+                multilinestr = ""
+            else:
+                k = len(multilinestr) - 1
+                while k > -1 and multilinestr[k] == '\\':
+                    multibackslash = not multibackslash
+                    k -= 1
+                if multibackslash:
+                    multilinestr = multilinestr[:-1]
+                else:
+                    multilinestr += "\n"
+            continue
+        if line[0] == '[':
+            arrayoftables = False
+            if len(line) == 1:
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Opening key group bracket on line by "
+                                      "itself.", original, pos)
+            if line[1] == '[':
+                arrayoftables = True
+                line = line[2:]
+                splitstr = ']]'
+            else:
+                line = line[1:]
+                splitstr = ']'
+            i = 1
+            quotesplits = decoder._get_split_on_quotes(line)
+            quoted = False
+            for quotesplit in quotesplits:
+                if not quoted and splitstr in quotesplit:
+                    break
+                i += quotesplit.count(splitstr)
+                quoted = not quoted
+            line = line.split(splitstr, i)
+            if len(line) < i + 1 or line[-1].strip() != "":
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Key group not on a line by itself.",
+                                      original, pos)
+            groups = splitstr.join(line[:-1]).split('.')
+            i = 0
+            while i < len(groups):
+                groups[i] = groups[i].strip()
+                if len(groups[i]) > 0 and (groups[i][0] == '"' or
+                                           groups[i][0] == "'"):
+                    groupstr = groups[i]
+                    j = i + 1
+                    while ((not groupstr[0] == groupstr[-1]) or
+                           len(groupstr) == 1):
+                        j += 1
+                        if j > len(groups) + 2:
+                            raise TomlDecodeError("Invalid group name '" +
+                                                  groupstr + "' Something " +
+                                                  "went wrong.", original, pos)
+                        groupstr = '.'.join(groups[i:j]).strip()
+                    groups[i] = groupstr[1:-1]
+                    groups[i + 1:j] = []
+                else:
+                    if not _groupname_re.match(groups[i]):
+                        raise TomlDecodeError("Invalid group name '" +
+                                              groups[i] + "'. Try quoting it.",
+                                              original, pos)
+                i += 1
+            currentlevel = retval
+            for i in _range(len(groups)):
+                group = groups[i]
+                if group == "":
+                    raise TomlDecodeError("Can't have a keygroup with an empty "
+                                          "name", original, pos)
+                try:
+                    currentlevel[group]
+                    if i == len(groups) - 1:
+                        if group in implicitgroups:
+                            implicitgroups.remove(group)
+                            if arrayoftables:
+                                raise TomlDecodeError("An implicitly defined "
+                                                      "table can't be an array",
+                                                      original, pos)
+                        elif arrayoftables:
+                            currentlevel[group].append(decoder.get_empty_table()
+                                                       )
+                        else:
+                            raise TomlDecodeError("What? " + group +
+                                                  " already exists?" +
+                                                  str(currentlevel),
+                                                  original, pos)
+                except TypeError:
+                    currentlevel = currentlevel[-1]
+                    if group not in currentlevel:
+                        currentlevel[group] = decoder.get_empty_table()
+                        if i == len(groups) - 1 and arrayoftables:
+                            currentlevel[group] = [decoder.get_empty_table()]
+                except KeyError:
+                    if i != len(groups) - 1:
+                        implicitgroups.append(group)
+                    currentlevel[group] = decoder.get_empty_table()
+                    if i == len(groups) - 1 and arrayoftables:
+                        currentlevel[group] = [decoder.get_empty_table()]
+                currentlevel = currentlevel[group]
+                if arrayoftables:
+                    try:
+                        currentlevel = currentlevel[-1]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+        elif line[0] == "{":
+            if line[-1] != "}":
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Line breaks are not allowed in inline"
+                                      "objects", original, pos)
+            try:
+                decoder.load_inline_object(line, currentlevel, multikey,
+                                           multibackslash)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise TomlDecodeError(str(err), original, pos)
+        elif "=" in line:
+            try:
+                ret = decoder.load_line(line, currentlevel, multikey,
+                                        multibackslash)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise TomlDecodeError(str(err), original, pos)
+            if ret is not None:
+                multikey, multilinestr, multibackslash = ret
+    return retval
+
+
+def _load_date(val):
+    microsecond = 0
+    tz = None
+    try:
+        if len(val) > 19:
+            if val[19] == '.':
+                if val[-1].upper() == 'Z':
+                    subsecondval = val[20:-1]
+                    tzval = "Z"
+                else:
+                    subsecondvalandtz = val[20:]
+                    if '+' in subsecondvalandtz:
+                        splitpoint = subsecondvalandtz.index('+')
+                        subsecondval = subsecondvalandtz[:splitpoint]
+                        tzval = subsecondvalandtz[splitpoint:]
+                    elif '-' in subsecondvalandtz:
+                        splitpoint = subsecondvalandtz.index('-')
+                        subsecondval = subsecondvalandtz[:splitpoint]
+                        tzval = subsecondvalandtz[splitpoint:]
+                    else:
+                        tzval = None
+                        subsecondval = subsecondvalandtz
+                if tzval is not None:
+                    tz = TomlTz(tzval)
+                microsecond = int(int(subsecondval) *
+                                  (10 ** (6 - len(subsecondval))))
+            else:
+                tz = TomlTz(val[19:])
+    except ValueError:
+        tz = None
+    if "-" not in val[1:]:
+        return None
+    try:
+        if len(val) == 10:
+            d = datetime.date(
+                int(val[:4]), int(val[5:7]),
+                int(val[8:10]))
+        else:
+            d = datetime.datetime(
+                int(val[:4]), int(val[5:7]),
+                int(val[8:10]), int(val[11:13]),
+                int(val[14:16]), int(val[17:19]), microsecond, tz)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    return d
+
+
+def _load_unicode_escapes(v, hexbytes, prefix):
+    skip = False
+    i = len(v) - 1
+    while i > -1 and v[i] == '\\':
+        skip = not skip
+        i -= 1
+    for hx in hexbytes:
+        if skip:
+            skip = False
+            i = len(hx) - 1
+            while i > -1 and hx[i] == '\\':
+                skip = not skip
+                i -= 1
+            v += prefix
+            v += hx
+            continue
+        hxb = ""
+        i = 0
+        hxblen = 4
+        if prefix == "\\U":
+            hxblen = 8
+        hxb = ''.join(hx[i:i + hxblen]).lower()
+        if hxb.strip('0123456789abcdef'):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid escape sequence: " + hxb)
+        if hxb[0] == "d" and hxb[1].strip('01234567'):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid escape sequence: " + hxb +
+                             ". Only scalar unicode points are allowed.")
+        v += unichr(int(hxb, 16))
+        v += unicode(hx[len(hxb):])
+    return v
+
+
+# Unescape TOML string values.
+
+# content after the \
+_escapes = ['0', 'b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't', '"']
+# What it should be replaced by
+_escapedchars = ['\0', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r', '\t', '\"']
+# Used for substitution
+_escape_to_escapedchars = dict(zip(_escapes, _escapedchars))
+
+
+def _unescape(v):
+    """Unescape characters in a TOML string."""
+    i = 0
+    backslash = False
+    while i < len(v):
+        if backslash:
+            backslash = False
+            if v[i] in _escapes:
+                v = v[:i - 1] + _escape_to_escapedchars[v[i]] + v[i + 1:]
+            elif v[i] == '\\':
+                v = v[:i - 1] + v[i:]
+            elif v[i] == 'u' or v[i] == 'U':
+                i += 1
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Reserved escape sequence used")
+            continue
+        elif v[i] == '\\':
+            backslash = True
+        i += 1
+    return v
+
+
+class InlineTableDict(object):
+    """Sentinel subclass of dict for inline tables."""
+
+
+class TomlDecoder(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict):
+        self._dict = _dict
+
+    def get_empty_table(self):
+        return self._dict()
+
+    def get_empty_inline_table(self):
+        class DynamicInlineTableDict(self._dict, InlineTableDict):
+            """Concrete sentinel subclass for inline tables.
+            It is a subclass of _dict which is passed in dynamically at load
+            time
+
+            It is also a subclass of InlineTableDict
+            """
+
+        return DynamicInlineTableDict()
+
+    def load_inline_object(self, line, currentlevel, multikey=False,
+                           multibackslash=False):
+        candidate_groups = line[1:-1].split(",")
+        groups = []
+        if len(candidate_groups) == 1 and not candidate_groups[0].strip():
+            candidate_groups.pop()
+        while len(candidate_groups) > 0:
+            candidate_group = candidate_groups.pop(0)
+            try:
+                _, value = candidate_group.split('=', 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid inline table encountered")
+            value = value.strip()
+            if ((value[0] == value[-1] and value[0] in ('"', "'")) or (
+                    value[0] in '-0123456789' or
+                    value in ('true', 'false') or
+                    (value[0] == "[" and value[-1] == "]") or
+                    (value[0] == '{' and value[-1] == '}'))):
+                groups.append(candidate_group)
+            elif len(candidate_groups) > 0:
+                candidate_groups[0] = (candidate_group + "," +
+                                       candidate_groups[0])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid inline table value encountered")
+        for group in groups:
+            status = self.load_line(group, currentlevel, multikey,
+                                    multibackslash)
+            if status is not None:
+                break
+
+    def _get_split_on_quotes(self, line):
+        doublequotesplits = line.split('"')
+        quoted = False
+        quotesplits = []
+        if len(doublequotesplits) > 1 and "'" in doublequotesplits[0]:
+            singlequotesplits = doublequotesplits[0].split("'")
+            doublequotesplits = doublequotesplits[1:]
+            while len(singlequotesplits) % 2 == 0 and len(doublequotesplits):
+                singlequotesplits[-1] += '"' + doublequotesplits[0]
+                doublequotesplits = doublequotesplits[1:]
+                if "'" in singlequotesplits[-1]:
+                    singlequotesplits = (singlequotesplits[:-1] +
+                                         singlequotesplits[-1].split("'"))
+            quotesplits += singlequotesplits
+        for doublequotesplit in doublequotesplits:
+            if quoted:
+                quotesplits.append(doublequotesplit)
+            else:
+                quotesplits += doublequotesplit.split("'")
+                quoted = not quoted
+        return quotesplits
+
+    def load_line(self, line, currentlevel, multikey, multibackslash):
+        i = 1
+        quotesplits = self._get_split_on_quotes(line)
+        quoted = False
+        for quotesplit in quotesplits:
+            if not quoted and '=' in quotesplit:
+                break
+            i += quotesplit.count('=')
+            quoted = not quoted
+        pair = line.split('=', i)
+        strictly_valid = _strictly_valid_num(pair[-1])
+        if _number_with_underscores.match(pair[-1]):
+            pair[-1] = pair[-1].replace('_', '')
+        while len(pair[-1]) and (pair[-1][0] != ' ' and pair[-1][0] != '\t' and
+                                 pair[-1][0] != "'" and pair[-1][0] != '"' and
+                                 pair[-1][0] != '[' and pair[-1][0] != '{' and
+                                 pair[-1].strip() != 'true' and
+                                 pair[-1].strip() != 'false'):
+            try:
+                float(pair[-1])
+                break
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            if _load_date(pair[-1]) is not None:
+                break
+            if TIME_RE.match(pair[-1]):
+                break
+            i += 1
+            prev_val = pair[-1]
+            pair = line.split('=', i)
+            if prev_val == pair[-1]:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid date or number")
+            if strictly_valid:
+                strictly_valid = _strictly_valid_num(pair[-1])
+        pair = ['='.join(pair[:-1]).strip(), pair[-1].strip()]
+        if '.' in pair[0]:
+            if '"' in pair[0] or "'" in pair[0]:
+                quotesplits = self._get_split_on_quotes(pair[0])
+                quoted = False
+                levels = []
+                for quotesplit in quotesplits:
+                    if quoted:
+                        levels.append(quotesplit)
+                    else:
+                        levels += [level.strip() for level in
+                                   quotesplit.split('.')]
+                    quoted = not quoted
+            else:
+                levels = pair[0].split('.')
+            while levels[-1] == "":
+                levels = levels[:-1]
+            for level in levels[:-1]:
+                if level == "":
+                    continue
+                if level not in currentlevel:
+                    currentlevel[level] = self.get_empty_table()
+                currentlevel = currentlevel[level]
+            pair[0] = levels[-1].strip()
+        elif (pair[0][0] == '"' or pair[0][0] == "'") and \
+                (pair[0][-1] == pair[0][0]):
+            pair[0] = _unescape(pair[0][1:-1])
+        k, koffset = self._load_line_multiline_str(pair[1])
+        if k > -1:
+            while k > -1 and pair[1][k + koffset] == '\\':
+                multibackslash = not multibackslash
+                k -= 1
+            if multibackslash:
+                multilinestr = pair[1][:-1]
+            else:
+                multilinestr = pair[1] + "\n"
+            multikey = pair[0]
+        else:
+            value, vtype = self.load_value(pair[1], strictly_valid)
+        try:
+            currentlevel[pair[0]]
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate keys!")
+        except TypeError:
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate keys!")
+        except KeyError:
+            if multikey:
+                return multikey, multilinestr, multibackslash
+            else:
+                currentlevel[pair[0]] = value
+
+    def _load_line_multiline_str(self, p):
+        poffset = 0
+        if len(p) < 3:
+            return -1, poffset
+        if p[0] == '[' and (p.strip()[-1] != ']' and
+                            self._load_array_isstrarray(p)):
+            newp = p[1:].strip().split(',')
+            while len(newp) > 1 and newp[-1][0] != '"' and newp[-1][0] != "'":
+                newp = newp[:-2] + [newp[-2] + ',' + newp[-1]]
+            newp = newp[-1]
+            poffset = len(p) - len(newp)
+            p = newp
+        if p[0] != '"' and p[0] != "'":
+            return -1, poffset
+        if p[1] != p[0] or p[2] != p[0]:
+            return -1, poffset
+        if len(p) > 5 and p[-1] == p[0] and p[-2] == p[0] and p[-3] == p[0]:
+            return -1, poffset
+        return len(p) - 1, poffset
+
+    def load_value(self, v, strictly_valid=True):
+        if not v:
+            raise ValueError("Empty value is invalid")
+        if v == 'true':
+            return (True, "bool")
+        elif v.lower() == 'true':
+            raise ValueError("Only all lowercase booleans allowed")
+        elif v == 'false':
+            return (False, "bool")
+        elif v.lower() == 'false':
+            raise ValueError("Only all lowercase booleans allowed")
+        elif v[0] == '"' or v[0] == "'":
+            quotechar = v[0]
+            testv = v[1:].split(quotechar)
+            triplequote = False
+            triplequotecount = 0
+            if len(testv) > 1 and testv[0] == '' and testv[1] == '':
+                testv = testv[2:]
+                triplequote = True
+            closed = False
+            for tv in testv:
+                if tv == '':
+                    if triplequote:
+                        triplequotecount += 1
+                    else:
+                        closed = True
+                else:
+                    oddbackslash = False
+                    try:
+                        i = -1
+                        j = tv[i]
+                        while j == '\\':
+                            oddbackslash = not oddbackslash
+                            i -= 1
+                            j = tv[i]
+                    except IndexError:
+                        pass
+                    if not oddbackslash:
+                        if closed:
+                            raise ValueError("Found tokens after a closed " +
+                                             "string. Invalid TOML.")
+                        else:
+                            if not triplequote or triplequotecount > 1:
+                                closed = True
+                            else:
+                                triplequotecount = 0
+            if quotechar == '"':
+                escapeseqs = v.split('\\')[1:]
+                backslash = False
+                for i in escapeseqs:
+                    if i == '':
+                        backslash = not backslash
+                    else:
+                        if i[0] not in _escapes and (i[0] != 'u' and
+                                                     i[0] != 'U' and
+                                                     not backslash):
+                            raise ValueError("Reserved escape sequence used")
+                        if backslash:
+                            backslash = False
+                for prefix in ["\\u", "\\U"]:
+                    if prefix in v:
+                        hexbytes = v.split(prefix)
+                        v = _load_unicode_escapes(hexbytes[0], hexbytes[1:],
+                                                  prefix)
+                v = _unescape(v)
+            if len(v) > 1 and v[1] == quotechar and (len(v) < 3 or
+                                                     v[1] == v[2]):
+                v = v[2:-2]
+            return (v[1:-1], "str")
+        elif v[0] == '[':
+            return (self.load_array(v), "array")
+        elif v[0] == '{':
+            inline_object = self.get_empty_inline_table()
+            self.load_inline_object(v, inline_object)
+            return (inline_object, "inline_object")
+        elif TIME_RE.match(v):
+            h, m, s, _, ms = TIME_RE.match(v).groups()
+            time = datetime.time(int(h), int(m), int(s), int(ms) if ms else 0)
+            return (time, "time")
+        else:
+            parsed_date = _load_date(v)
+            if parsed_date is not None:
+                return (parsed_date, "date")
+            if not strictly_valid:
+                raise ValueError("Weirdness with leading zeroes or "
+                                 "underscores in your number.")
+            itype = "int"
+            neg = False
+            if v[0] == '-':
+                neg = True
+                v = v[1:]
+            elif v[0] == '+':
+                v = v[1:]
+            v = v.replace('_', '')
+            lowerv = v.lower()
+            if '.' in v or ('x' not in v and ('e' in v or 'E' in v)):
+                if '.' in v and v.split('.', 1)[1] == '':
+                    raise ValueError("This float is missing digits after "
+                                     "the point")
+                if v[0] not in '0123456789':
+                    raise ValueError("This float doesn't have a leading "
+                                     "digit")
+                v = float(v)
+                itype = "float"
+            elif len(lowerv) == 3 and (lowerv == 'inf' or lowerv == 'nan'):
+                v = float(v)
+                itype = "float"
+            if itype == "int":
+                v = int(v, 0)
+            if neg:
+                return (0 - v, itype)
+            return (v, itype)
+
+    def bounded_string(self, s):
+        if len(s) == 0:
+            return True
+        if s[-1] != s[0]:
+            return False
+        i = -2
+        backslash = False
+        while len(s) + i > 0:
+            if s[i] == "\\":
+                backslash = not backslash
+                i -= 1
+            else:
+                break
+        return not backslash
+
+    def _load_array_isstrarray(self, a):
+        a = a[1:-1].strip()
+        if a != '' and (a[0] == '"' or a[0] == "'"):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def load_array(self, a):
+        atype = None
+        retval = []
+        a = a.strip()
+        if '[' not in a[1:-1] or "" != a[1:-1].split('[')[0].strip():
+            strarray = self._load_array_isstrarray(a)
+            if not a[1:-1].strip().startswith('{'):
+                a = a[1:-1].split(',')
+            else:
+                # a is an inline object, we must find the matching parenthesis
+                # to define groups
+                new_a = []
+                start_group_index = 1
+                end_group_index = 2
+                open_bracket_count = 1 if a[start_group_index] == '{' else 0
+                in_str = False
+                while end_group_index < len(a[1:]):
+                    if a[end_group_index] == '"' or a[end_group_index] == "'":
+                        if in_str:
+                            backslash_index = end_group_index - 1
+                            while (backslash_index > -1 and
+                                   a[backslash_index] == '\\'):
+                                in_str = not in_str
+                                backslash_index -= 1
+                        in_str = not in_str
+                    if not in_str and a[end_group_index] == '{':
+                        open_bracket_count += 1
+                    if in_str or a[end_group_index] != '}':
+                        end_group_index += 1
+                        continue
+                    elif a[end_group_index] == '}' and open_bracket_count > 1:
+                        open_bracket_count -= 1
+                        end_group_index += 1
+                        continue
+
+                    # Increase end_group_index by 1 to get the closing bracket
+                    end_group_index += 1
+
+                    new_a.append(a[start_group_index:end_group_index])
+
+                    # The next start index is at least after the closing
+                    # bracket, a closing bracket can be followed by a comma
+                    # since we are in an array.
+                    start_group_index = end_group_index + 1
+                    while (start_group_index < len(a[1:]) and
+                           a[start_group_index] != '{'):
+                        start_group_index += 1
+                    end_group_index = start_group_index + 1
+                a = new_a
+            b = 0
+            if strarray:
+                while b < len(a) - 1:
+                    ab = a[b].strip()
+                    while (not self.bounded_string(ab) or
+                           (len(ab) > 2 and
+                            ab[0] == ab[1] == ab[2] and
+                            ab[-2] != ab[0] and
+                            ab[-3] != ab[0])):
+                        a[b] = a[b] + ',' + a[b + 1]
+                        ab = a[b].strip()
+                        if b < len(a) - 2:
+                            a = a[:b + 1] + a[b + 2:]
+                        else:
+                            a = a[:b + 1]
+                    b += 1
+        else:
+            al = list(a[1:-1])
+            a = []
+            openarr = 0
+            j = 0
+            for i in _range(len(al)):
+                if al[i] == '[':
+                    openarr += 1
+                elif al[i] == ']':
+                    openarr -= 1
+                elif al[i] == ',' and not openarr:
+                    a.append(''.join(al[j:i]))
+                    j = i + 1
+            a.append(''.join(al[j:]))
+        for i in _range(len(a)):
+            a[i] = a[i].strip()
+            if a[i] != '':
+                nval, ntype = self.load_value(a[i])
+                if atype:
+                    if ntype != atype:
+                        raise ValueError("Not a homogeneous array")
+                else:
+                    atype = ntype
+                retval.append(nval)
+        return retval
+
+    def preserve_comment(self, line_no, key, comment, beginline):
+        pass
+
+    def embed_comments(self, idx, currentlevel):
+        pass
+
+
+class TomlPreserveCommentDecoder(TomlDecoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict):
+        self.saved_comments = {}
+        super(TomlPreserveCommentDecoder, self).__init__(_dict)
+
+    def preserve_comment(self, line_no, key, comment, beginline):
+        self.saved_comments[line_no] = (key, comment, beginline)
+
+    def embed_comments(self, idx, currentlevel):
+        if idx not in self.saved_comments:
+            return
+
+        key, comment, beginline = self.saved_comments[idx]
+        currentlevel[key] = CommentValue(currentlevel[key], comment, beginline,
+                                         self._dict)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/encoder.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/encoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf17a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+import datetime
+import re
+import sys
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from toml.decoder import InlineTableDict
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+    unicode = str
+
+
+def dump(o, f, encoder=None):
+    """Writes out dict as toml to a file
+
+    Args:
+        o: Object to dump into toml
+        f: File descriptor where the toml should be stored
+        encoder: The ``TomlEncoder`` to use for constructing the output string
+
+    Returns:
+        String containing the toml corresponding to dictionary
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: When anything other than file descriptor is passed
+    """
+
+    if not f.write:
+        raise TypeError("You can only dump an object to a file descriptor")
+    d = dumps(o, encoder=encoder)
+    f.write(d)
+    return d
+
+
+def dumps(o, encoder=None):
+    """Stringifies input dict as toml
+
+    Args:
+        o: Object to dump into toml
+        encoder: The ``TomlEncoder`` to use for constructing the output string
+
+    Returns:
+        String containing the toml corresponding to dict
+
+    Examples:
+        ```python
+        >>> import toml
+        >>> output = {
+        ... 'a': "I'm a string",
+        ... 'b': ["I'm", "a", "list"],
+        ... 'c': 2400
+        ... }
+        >>> toml.dumps(output)
+        'a = "I\'m a string"\nb = [ "I\'m", "a", "list",]\nc = 2400\n'
+        ```
+    """
+
+    retval = ""
+    if encoder is None:
+        encoder = TomlEncoder(o.__class__)
+    addtoretval, sections = encoder.dump_sections(o, "")
+    retval += addtoretval
+    outer_objs = [id(o)]
+    while sections:
+        section_ids = [id(section) for section in sections.values()]
+        for outer_obj in outer_objs:
+            if outer_obj in section_ids:
+                raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
+        outer_objs += section_ids
+        newsections = encoder.get_empty_table()
+        for section in sections:
+            addtoretval, addtosections = encoder.dump_sections(
+                sections[section], section)
+
+            if addtoretval or (not addtoretval and not addtosections):
+                if retval and retval[-2:] != "\n\n":
+                    retval += "\n"
+                retval += "[" + section + "]\n"
+                if addtoretval:
+                    retval += addtoretval
+            for s in addtosections:
+                newsections[section + "." + s] = addtosections[s]
+        sections = newsections
+    return retval
+
+
+def _dump_str(v):
+    if sys.version_info < (3,) and hasattr(v, 'decode') and isinstance(v, str):
+        v = v.decode('utf-8')
+    v = "%r" % v
+    if v[0] == 'u':
+        v = v[1:]
+    singlequote = v.startswith("'")
+    if singlequote or v.startswith('"'):
+        v = v[1:-1]
+    if singlequote:
+        v = v.replace("\\'", "'")
+        v = v.replace('"', '\\"')
+    v = v.split("\\x")
+    while len(v) > 1:
+        i = -1
+        if not v[0]:
+            v = v[1:]
+        v[0] = v[0].replace("\\\\", "\\")
+        # No, I don't know why != works and == breaks
+        joinx = v[0][i] != "\\"
+        while v[0][:i] and v[0][i] == "\\":
+            joinx = not joinx
+            i -= 1
+        if joinx:
+            joiner = "x"
+        else:
+            joiner = "u00"
+        v = [v[0] + joiner + v[1]] + v[2:]
+    return unicode('"' + v[0] + '"')
+
+
+def _dump_float(v):
+    return "{}".format(v).replace("e+0", "e+").replace("e-0", "e-")
+
+
+def _dump_time(v):
+    utcoffset = v.utcoffset()
+    if utcoffset is None:
+        return v.isoformat()
+    # The TOML norm specifies that it's local time thus we drop the offset
+    return v.isoformat()[:-6]
+
+
+class TomlEncoder(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False):
+        self._dict = _dict
+        self.preserve = preserve
+        self.dump_funcs = {
+            str: _dump_str,
+            unicode: _dump_str,
+            list: self.dump_list,
+            bool: lambda v: unicode(v).lower(),
+            int: lambda v: v,
+            float: _dump_float,
+            Decimal: _dump_float,
+            datetime.datetime: lambda v: v.isoformat().replace('+00:00', 'Z'),
+            datetime.time: _dump_time,
+            datetime.date: lambda v: v.isoformat()
+        }
+
+    def get_empty_table(self):
+        return self._dict()
+
+    def dump_list(self, v):
+        retval = "["
+        for u in v:
+            retval += " " + unicode(self.dump_value(u)) + ","
+        retval += "]"
+        return retval
+
+    def dump_inline_table(self, section):
+        """Preserve inline table in its compact syntax instead of expanding
+        into subsection.
+
+        https://github.com/toml-lang/toml#user-content-inline-table
+        """
+        retval = ""
+        if isinstance(section, dict):
+            val_list = []
+            for k, v in section.items():
+                val = self.dump_inline_table(v)
+                val_list.append(k + " = " + val)
+            retval += "{ " + ", ".join(val_list) + " }\n"
+            return retval
+        else:
+            return unicode(self.dump_value(section))
+
+    def dump_value(self, v):
+        # Lookup function corresponding to v's type
+        dump_fn = self.dump_funcs.get(type(v))
+        if dump_fn is None and hasattr(v, '__iter__'):
+            dump_fn = self.dump_funcs[list]
+        # Evaluate function (if it exists) else return v
+        return dump_fn(v) if dump_fn is not None else self.dump_funcs[str](v)
+
+    def dump_sections(self, o, sup):
+        retstr = ""
+        if sup != "" and sup[-1] != ".":
+            sup += '.'
+        retdict = self._dict()
+        arraystr = ""
+        for section in o:
+            section = unicode(section)
+            qsection = section
+            if not re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$', section):
+                qsection = _dump_str(section)
+            if not isinstance(o[section], dict):
+                arrayoftables = False
+                if isinstance(o[section], list):
+                    for a in o[section]:
+                        if isinstance(a, dict):
+                            arrayoftables = True
+                if arrayoftables:
+                    for a in o[section]:
+                        arraytabstr = "\n"
+                        arraystr += "[[" + sup + qsection + "]]\n"
+                        s, d = self.dump_sections(a, sup + qsection)
+                        if s:
+                            if s[0] == "[":
+                                arraytabstr += s
+                            else:
+                                arraystr += s
+                        while d:
+                            newd = self._dict()
+                            for dsec in d:
+                                s1, d1 = self.dump_sections(d[dsec], sup +
+                                                            qsection + "." +
+                                                            dsec)
+                                if s1:
+                                    arraytabstr += ("[" + sup + qsection +
+                                                    "." + dsec + "]\n")
+                                    arraytabstr += s1
+                                for s1 in d1:
+                                    newd[dsec + "." + s1] = d1[s1]
+                            d = newd
+                        arraystr += arraytabstr
+                else:
+                    if o[section] is not None:
+                        retstr += (qsection + " = " +
+                                   unicode(self.dump_value(o[section])) + '\n')
+            elif self.preserve and isinstance(o[section], InlineTableDict):
+                retstr += (qsection + " = " +
+                           self.dump_inline_table(o[section]))
+            else:
+                retdict[qsection] = o[section]
+        retstr += arraystr
+        return (retstr, retdict)
+
+
+class TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict):
+        super(TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, True)
+
+
+class TomlArraySeparatorEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False, separator=","):
+        super(TomlArraySeparatorEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, preserve)
+        if separator.strip() == "":
+            separator = "," + separator
+        elif separator.strip(' \t\n\r,'):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid separator for arrays")
+        self.separator = separator
+
+    def dump_list(self, v):
+        t = []
+        retval = "["
+        for u in v:
+            t.append(self.dump_value(u))
+        while t != []:
+            s = []
+            for u in t:
+                if isinstance(u, list):
+                    for r in u:
+                        s.append(r)
+                else:
+                    retval += " " + unicode(u) + self.separator
+            t = s
+        retval += "]"
+        return retval
+
+
+class TomlNumpyEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False):
+        import numpy as np
+        super(TomlNumpyEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, preserve)
+        self.dump_funcs[np.float16] = _dump_float
+        self.dump_funcs[np.float32] = _dump_float
+        self.dump_funcs[np.float64] = _dump_float
+        self.dump_funcs[np.int16] = self._dump_int
+        self.dump_funcs[np.int32] = self._dump_int
+        self.dump_funcs[np.int64] = self._dump_int
+
+    def _dump_int(self, v):
+        return "{}".format(int(v))
+
+
+class TomlPreserveCommentEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False):
+        from toml.decoder import CommentValue
+        super(TomlPreserveCommentEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, preserve)
+        self.dump_funcs[CommentValue] = lambda v: v.dump(self.dump_value)
+
+
+class TomlPathlibEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def _dump_pathlib_path(self, v):
+        return _dump_str(str(v))
+
+    def dump_value(self, v):
+        if (3, 4) <= sys.version_info:
+            import pathlib
+            if isinstance(v, pathlib.PurePath):
+                v = str(v)
+        return super(TomlPathlibEncoder, self).dump_value(v)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/ordered.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/ordered.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c20c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/ordered.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from toml import TomlEncoder
+from toml import TomlDecoder
+
+
+class TomlOrderedDecoder(TomlDecoder):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(_dict=OrderedDict)
+
+
+class TomlOrderedEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(_dict=OrderedDict)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/tz.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/tz.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf20593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/tz.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta
+
+
+class TomlTz(tzinfo):
+    def __init__(self, toml_offset):
+        if toml_offset == "Z":
+            self._raw_offset = "+00:00"
+        else:
+            self._raw_offset = toml_offset
+        self._sign = -1 if self._raw_offset[0] == '-' else 1
+        self._hours = int(self._raw_offset[1:3])
+        self._minutes = int(self._raw_offset[4:6])
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        return self.__class__(self._raw_offset)
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        return "UTC" + self._raw_offset
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self._sign * timedelta(hours=self._hours, minutes=self._minutes)
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        return timedelta(0)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b09cb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: typing_extensions
+Version: 4.15.0
+Summary: Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.9+
+Keywords: annotations,backport,checker,checking,function,hinting,hints,type,typechecking,typehinting,typehints,typing
+Author-email: "Guido van Rossum, Jukka Lehtosalo, Łukasz Langa, Michael Lee" <levkivskyi@gmail.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: PSF-2.0
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+License-File: LICENSE
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/issues
+Project-URL: Changes, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/
+Project-URL: Home, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions
+Project-URL: Q & A, https://github.com/python/typing/discussions
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions
+
+# Typing Extensions
+
+[![Chat at https://gitter.im/python/typing](https://badges.gitter.im/python/typing.svg)](https://gitter.im/python/typing)
+
+[Documentation](https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#) –
+[PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/typing-extensions/)
+
+## Overview
+
+The `typing_extensions` module serves two related purposes:
+
+- Enable use of new type system features on older Python versions. For example,
+  `typing.TypeGuard` is new in Python 3.10, but `typing_extensions` allows
+  users on previous Python versions to use it too.
+- Enable experimentation with new type system PEPs before they are accepted and
+  added to the `typing` module.
+
+`typing_extensions` is treated specially by static type checkers such as
+mypy and pyright. Objects defined in `typing_extensions` are treated the same
+way as equivalent forms in `typing`.
+
+`typing_extensions` uses
+[Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/). The
+major version will be incremented only for backwards-incompatible changes.
+Therefore, it's safe to depend
+on `typing_extensions` like this: `typing_extensions ~=x.y`,
+where `x.y` is the first version that includes all features you need.
+[This](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatible-release)
+is equivalent to `typing_extensions >=x.y, <(x+1)`. Do not depend on `~= x.y.z`
+unless you really know what you're doing; that defeats the purpose of
+semantic versioning.
+
+## Included items
+
+See [the documentation](https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#) for a
+complete listing of module contents.
+
+## Contributing
+
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+for how to contribute to `typing_extensions`.
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ab09b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=wTg3j-jxiTSsmd4GBTXFPsbBOu7WXpTDJkHafuMZKnI,3259
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=Oy-B_iHRgcSZxZolbI4ZaEVdZonSaaqFNzv7avQdo78,13936
+typing_extensions.py,sha256=Qz0R0XDTok0usGXrwb_oSM6n49fOaFZ6tSvqLUwvftg,160429
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b9936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f26bcf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
+==========================
+
+Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
+Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
+as a successor of a language called ABC.  Guido remains Python's
+principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
+
+In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
+National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
+in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
+software.
+
+In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
+BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team.  In October of the same
+year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became
+Zope Corporation.  In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see
+https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization
+created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.
+Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.
+
+All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org for
+the Open Source Definition).  Historically, most, but not all, Python
+releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
+the various releases.
+
+    Release         Derived     Year        Owner       GPL-
+                    from                                compatible? (1)
+
+    0.9.0 thru 1.2              1991-1995   CWI         yes
+    1.3 thru 1.5.2  1.2         1995-1999   CNRI        yes
+    1.6             1.5.2       2000        CNRI        no
+    2.0             1.6         2000        BeOpen.com  no
+    1.6.1           1.6         2001        CNRI        yes (2)
+    2.1             2.0+1.6.1   2001        PSF         no
+    2.0.1           2.0+1.6.1   2001        PSF         yes
+    2.1.1           2.1+2.0.1   2001        PSF         yes
+    2.1.2           2.1.1       2002        PSF         yes
+    2.1.3           2.1.2       2002        PSF         yes
+    2.2 and above   2.1.1       2001-now    PSF         yes
+
+Footnotes:
+
+(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
+    the GPL.  All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
+    a modified version without making your changes open source.  The
+    GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
+    other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
+
+(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
+    because its license has a choice of law clause.  According to
+    CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
+    is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
+
+Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
+direction to make these releases possible.
+
+
+B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
+===============================================================
+
+Python software and documentation are licensed under the
+Python Software Foundation License Version 2.
+
+Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in
+the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2
+and the Zero-Clause BSD license.
+
+Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.
+The licenses are listed with code falling under that license.
+
+
+PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
+--------------------------------------------
+
+1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
+("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
+otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
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+
+2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
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+BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
+-------------------------------------------
+
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+
+1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
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+this software in source or binary form and its associated
+documentation ("the Software").
+
+2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
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+3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
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+
+4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
+SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
+AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY
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+
+5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
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+6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all
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+
+7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
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+
+CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
+---------------------------------------
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+1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
+Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,
+Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
+("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
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+
+2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
+hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
+license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,
+prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
+alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's
+License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
+1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights
+Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative
+version prepared by Licensee.  Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License
+Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the
+quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and
+conditions in CNRI's License Agreement.  This Agreement together with
+Python 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the following
+unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013.  This
+Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the internet
+using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".
+
+3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
+or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
+the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
+Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
+the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
+
+4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
+basis.  CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
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+INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
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+5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
+1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
+A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,
+OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
+
+6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
+breach of its terms and conditions.
+
+7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal
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+U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
+Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
+Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based
+on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was
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+
+8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,
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+
+        ACCEPT
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+
+CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
+--------------------------------------------------
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+The Netherlands.  All rights reserved.
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+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
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+----------------------------------------------------------------------
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+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
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+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
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+INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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+PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77f33e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4317 @@
+import abc
+import builtins
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import contextlib
+import enum
+import functools
+import inspect
+import io
+import keyword
+import operator
+import sys
+import types as _types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119891
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    import annotationlib
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Super-special typing primitives.
+    'Any',
+    'ClassVar',
+    'Concatenate',
+    'Final',
+    'LiteralString',
+    'ParamSpec',
+    'ParamSpecArgs',
+    'ParamSpecKwargs',
+    'Self',
+    'Type',
+    'TypeVar',
+    'TypeVarTuple',
+    'Unpack',
+
+    # ABCs (from collections.abc).
+    'Awaitable',
+    'AsyncIterator',
+    'AsyncIterable',
+    'Coroutine',
+    'AsyncGenerator',
+    'AsyncContextManager',
+    'Buffer',
+    'ChainMap',
+
+    # Concrete collection types.
+    'ContextManager',
+    'Counter',
+    'Deque',
+    'DefaultDict',
+    'NamedTuple',
+    'OrderedDict',
+    'TypedDict',
+
+    # Structural checks, a.k.a. protocols.
+    'SupportsAbs',
+    'SupportsBytes',
+    'SupportsComplex',
+    'SupportsFloat',
+    'SupportsIndex',
+    'SupportsInt',
+    'SupportsRound',
+    'Reader',
+    'Writer',
+
+    # One-off things.
+    'Annotated',
+    'assert_never',
+    'assert_type',
+    'clear_overloads',
+    'dataclass_transform',
+    'deprecated',
+    'disjoint_base',
+    'Doc',
+    'evaluate_forward_ref',
+    'get_overloads',
+    'final',
+    'Format',
+    'get_annotations',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_original_bases',
+    'get_protocol_members',
+    'get_type_hints',
+    'IntVar',
+    'is_protocol',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'Literal',
+    'NewType',
+    'overload',
+    'override',
+    'Protocol',
+    'Sentinel',
+    'reveal_type',
+    'runtime',
+    'runtime_checkable',
+    'Text',
+    'TypeAlias',
+    'TypeAliasType',
+    'TypeForm',
+    'TypeGuard',
+    'TypeIs',
+    'TYPE_CHECKING',
+    'type_repr',
+    'Never',
+    'NoReturn',
+    'ReadOnly',
+    'Required',
+    'NotRequired',
+    'NoDefault',
+    'NoExtraItems',
+
+    # Pure aliases, have always been in typing
+    'AbstractSet',
+    'AnyStr',
+    'BinaryIO',
+    'Callable',
+    'Collection',
+    'Container',
+    'Dict',
+    'ForwardRef',
+    'FrozenSet',
+    'Generator',
+    'Generic',
+    'Hashable',
+    'IO',
+    'ItemsView',
+    'Iterable',
+    'Iterator',
+    'KeysView',
+    'List',
+    'Mapping',
+    'MappingView',
+    'Match',
+    'MutableMapping',
+    'MutableSequence',
+    'MutableSet',
+    'Optional',
+    'Pattern',
+    'Reversible',
+    'Sequence',
+    'Set',
+    'Sized',
+    'TextIO',
+    'Tuple',
+    'Union',
+    'ValuesView',
+    'cast',
+    'no_type_check',
+    'no_type_check_decorator',
+]
+
+# for backward compatibility
+PEP_560 = True
+GenericMeta = type
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/116129
+_PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED = sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, "beta")
+
+# Added with bpo-45166 to 3.10.1+ and some 3.9 versions
+_FORWARD_REF_HAS_CLASS = "__forward_is_class__" in typing.ForwardRef.__slots__
+
+# The functions below are modified copies of typing internal helpers.
+# They are needed by _ProtocolMeta and they provide support for PEP 646.
+
+
+class _Sentinel:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<sentinel>"
+
+
+_marker = _Sentinel()
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/27342
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(
+            t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias, _types.UnionType)
+        )
+else:
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias))
+
+
+NoReturn = typing.NoReturn
+
+# Some unconstrained type variables.  These are used by the container types.
+# (These are not for export.)
+T = typing.TypeVar('T')  # Any type.
+KT = typing.TypeVar('KT')  # Key type.
+VT = typing.TypeVar('VT')  # Value type.
+T_co = typing.TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)  # Any type covariant containers.
+T_contra = typing.TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)  # Ditto contravariant.
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/31841
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Any
+else:
+
+    class _AnyMeta(type):
+        def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+            if self is Any:
+                raise TypeError("typing_extensions.Any cannot be used with isinstance()")
+            return super().__instancecheck__(obj)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self is Any:
+                return "typing_extensions.Any"
+            return super().__repr__()
+
+    class Any(metaclass=_AnyMeta):
+        """Special type indicating an unconstrained type.
+        - Any is compatible with every type.
+        - Any assumed to have all methods.
+        - All values assumed to be instances of Any.
+        Note that all the above statements are true from the point of view of
+        static type checkers. At runtime, Any should not be used with instance
+        checks.
+        """
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            if cls is Any:
+                raise TypeError("Any cannot be instantiated")
+            return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ClassVar = typing.ClassVar
+
+# Vendored from cpython typing._SpecialFrom
+# Having a separate class means that instances will not be rejected by
+# typing._type_check.
+class _SpecialForm(typing._Final, _root=True):
+    __slots__ = ('_name', '__doc__', '_getitem')
+
+    def __init__(self, getitem):
+        self._getitem = getitem
+        self._name = getitem.__name__
+        self.__doc__ = getitem.__doc__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in {'__name__', '__qualname__'}:
+            return self._name
+
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot subclass {self!r}")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'typing_extensions.{self._name}'
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot instantiate {self!r}")
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with isinstance()")
+
+    def __subclasscheck__(self, cls):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with issubclass()")
+
+    @typing._tp_cache
+    def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+        return self._getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+# Note that inheriting from this class means that the object will be
+# rejected by typing._type_check, so do not use it if the special form
+# is arguably valid as a type by itself.
+class _ExtensionsSpecialForm(typing._SpecialForm, _root=True):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'typing_extensions.' + self._name
+
+
+Final = typing.Final
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30530
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    final = typing.final
+else:
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "disjoint_base"):  # 3.15
+    disjoint_base = typing.disjoint_base
+else:
+    def disjoint_base(cls):
+        """This decorator marks a class as a disjoint base.
+
+        Child classes of a disjoint base cannot inherit from other disjoint bases that are
+        not parent classes of the disjoint base.
+
+        For example:
+
+            @disjoint_base
+            class Disjoint1: pass
+
+            @disjoint_base
+            class Disjoint2: pass
+
+            class Disjoint3(Disjoint1, Disjoint2): pass  # Type checker error
+
+        Type checkers can use knowledge of disjoint bases to detect unreachable code
+        and determine when two types can overlap.
+
+        See PEP 800."""
+        cls.__disjoint_base__ = True
+        return cls
+
+
+def IntVar(name):
+    return typing.TypeVar(name)
+
+
+# A Literal bug was fixed in 3.11.0, 3.10.1 and 3.9.8
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/29334
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+    Literal = typing.Literal
+else:
+    def _flatten_literal_params(parameters):
+        """An internal helper for Literal creation: flatten Literals among parameters"""
+        params = []
+        for p in parameters:
+            if isinstance(p, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                params.extend(p.__args__)
+            else:
+                params.append(p)
+        return tuple(params)
+
+    def _value_and_type_iter(params):
+        for p in params:
+            yield p, type(p)
+
+    class _LiteralGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            these_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__))
+            other_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(other.__args__))
+            return these_args_deduped == other_args_deduped
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash(frozenset(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__)))
+
+    class _LiteralForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, doc: str):
+            self._name = 'Literal'
+            self._doc = self.__doc__ = doc
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+
+            parameters = _flatten_literal_params(parameters)
+
+            val_type_pairs = list(_value_and_type_iter(parameters))
+            try:
+                deduped_pairs = set(val_type_pairs)
+            except TypeError:
+                # unhashable parameters
+                pass
+            else:
+                # similar logic to typing._deduplicate on Python 3.9+
+                if len(deduped_pairs) < len(val_type_pairs):
+                    new_parameters = []
+                    for pair in val_type_pairs:
+                        if pair in deduped_pairs:
+                            new_parameters.append(pair[0])
+                            deduped_pairs.remove(pair)
+                    assert not deduped_pairs, deduped_pairs
+                    parameters = tuple(new_parameters)
+
+            return _LiteralGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+    Literal = _LiteralForm(doc="""\
+                           A type that can be used to indicate to type checkers
+                           that the corresponding value has a value literally equivalent
+                           to the provided parameter. For example:
+
+                               var: Literal[4] = 4
+
+                           The type checker understands that 'var' is literally equal to
+                           the value 4 and no other value.
+
+                           Literal[...] cannot be subclassed. There is no runtime
+                           checking verifying that the parameter is actually a value
+                           instead of a type.""")
+
+
+_overload_dummy = typing._overload_dummy
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "get_overloads"):  # 3.11+
+    overload = typing.overload
+    get_overloads = typing.get_overloads
+    clear_overloads = typing.clear_overloads
+else:
+    # {module: {qualname: {firstlineno: func}}}
+    _overload_registry = collections.defaultdict(
+        functools.partial(collections.defaultdict, dict)
+    )
+
+    def overload(func):
+        """Decorator for overloaded functions/methods.
+
+        In a stub file, place two or more stub definitions for the same
+        function in a row, each decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+
+        In a non-stub file (i.e. a regular .py file), do the same but
+        follow it with an implementation.  The implementation should *not*
+        be decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+        def utf8(value):
+            # implementation goes here
+
+        The overloads for a function can be retrieved at runtime using the
+        get_overloads() function.
+        """
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        try:
+            _overload_registry[f.__module__][f.__qualname__][
+                f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            ] = func
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Not a normal function; ignore.
+            pass
+        return _overload_dummy
+
+    def get_overloads(func):
+        """Return all defined overloads for *func* as a sequence."""
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        if f.__module__ not in _overload_registry:
+            return []
+        mod_dict = _overload_registry[f.__module__]
+        if f.__qualname__ not in mod_dict:
+            return []
+        return list(mod_dict[f.__qualname__].values())
+
+    def clear_overloads():
+        """Clear all overloads in the registry."""
+        _overload_registry.clear()
+
+
+# This is not a real generic class.  Don't use outside annotations.
+Type = typing.Type
+
+# Various ABCs mimicking those in collections.abc.
+# A few are simply re-exported for completeness.
+Awaitable = typing.Awaitable
+Coroutine = typing.Coroutine
+AsyncIterable = typing.AsyncIterable
+AsyncIterator = typing.AsyncIterator
+Deque = typing.Deque
+DefaultDict = typing.DefaultDict
+OrderedDict = typing.OrderedDict
+Counter = typing.Counter
+ChainMap = typing.ChainMap
+Text = typing.Text
+TYPE_CHECKING = typing.TYPE_CHECKING
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/118681
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, "beta"):
+    from typing import AsyncContextManager, AsyncGenerator, ContextManager, Generator
+else:
+    def _is_dunder(attr):
+        return attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')
+
+
+    class _SpecialGenericAlias(typing._SpecialGenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, origin, nparams, *, inst=True, name=None, defaults=()):
+            super().__init__(origin, nparams, inst=inst, name=name)
+            self._defaults = defaults
+
+        def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
+            allowed_attrs = {'_name', '_inst', '_nparams', '_defaults'}
+            if _is_dunder(attr) or attr in allowed_attrs:
+                object.__setattr__(self, attr, val)
+            else:
+                setattr(self.__origin__, attr, val)
+
+        @typing._tp_cache
+        def __getitem__(self, params):
+            if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+                params = (params,)
+            msg = "Parameters to generic types must be types."
+            params = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in params)
+            if (
+                self._defaults
+                and len(params) < self._nparams
+                and len(params) + len(self._defaults) >= self._nparams
+            ):
+                params = (*params, *self._defaults[len(params) - self._nparams:])
+            actual_len = len(params)
+
+            if actual_len != self._nparams:
+                if self._defaults:
+                    expected = f"at least {self._nparams - len(self._defaults)}"
+                else:
+                    expected = str(self._nparams)
+                if not self._nparams:
+                    raise TypeError(f"{self} is not a generic class")
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Too {'many' if actual_len > self._nparams else 'few'}"
+                    f" arguments for {self};"
+                    f" actual {actual_len}, expected {expected}"
+                )
+            return self.copy_with(params)
+
+    _NoneType = type(None)
+    Generator = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        collections.abc.Generator, 3, defaults=(_NoneType, _NoneType)
+    )
+    AsyncGenerator = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        collections.abc.AsyncGenerator, 2, defaults=(_NoneType,)
+    )
+    ContextManager = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        contextlib.AbstractContextManager,
+        2,
+        name="ContextManager",
+        defaults=(typing.Optional[bool],)
+    )
+    AsyncContextManager = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+        2,
+        name="AsyncContextManager",
+        defaults=(typing.Optional[bool],)
+    )
+
+
+_PROTO_ALLOWLIST = {
+    'collections.abc': [
+        'Callable', 'Awaitable', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'AsyncIterable',
+        'Hashable', 'Sized', 'Container', 'Collection', 'Reversible', 'Buffer',
+    ],
+    'contextlib': ['AbstractContextManager', 'AbstractAsyncContextManager'],
+    'typing_extensions': ['Buffer'],
+}
+
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = frozenset(typing.EXCLUDED_ATTRIBUTES) | {
+    "__match_args__", "__protocol_attrs__", "__non_callable_proto_members__",
+    "__final__",
+}
+
+
+def _get_protocol_attrs(cls):
+    attrs = set()
+    for base in cls.__mro__[:-1]:  # without object
+        if base.__name__ in {'Protocol', 'Generic'}:
+            continue
+        annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+        for attr in (*base.__dict__, *annotations):
+            if (not attr.startswith('_abc_') and attr not in _EXCLUDED_ATTRS):
+                attrs.add(attr)
+    return attrs
+
+
+def _caller(depth=1, default='__main__'):
+    try:
+        return sys._getframemodulename(depth + 1) or default
+    except AttributeError:  # For platforms without _getframemodulename()
+        pass
+    try:
+        return sys._getframe(depth + 1).f_globals.get('__name__', default)
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):  # For platforms without _getframe()
+        pass
+    return None
+
+
+# `__match_args__` attribute was removed from protocol members in 3.13,
+# we want to backport this change to older Python versions.
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/110683
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    Protocol = typing.Protocol
+else:
+    def _allow_reckless_class_checks(depth=2):
+        """Allow instance and class checks for special stdlib modules.
+        The abc and functools modules indiscriminately call isinstance() and
+        issubclass() on the whole MRO of a user class, which may contain protocols.
+        """
+        return _caller(depth) in {'abc', 'functools', None}
+
+    def _no_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if type(self)._is_protocol:
+            raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
+
+    def _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(arg):
+        """Raise TypeError if `arg` is not an instance of `type`
+        in `issubclass(arg, <protocol>)`.
+
+        In most cases, this is verified by type.__subclasscheck__.
+        Checking it again unnecessarily would slow down issubclass() checks,
+        so, we don't perform this check unless we absolutely have to.
+
+        For various error paths, however,
+        we want to ensure that *this* error message is shown to the user
+        where relevant, rather than a typing.py-specific error message.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(arg, type):
+            # Same error message as for issubclass(1, int).
+            raise TypeError('issubclass() arg 1 must be a class')
+
+    # Inheriting from typing._ProtocolMeta isn't actually desirable,
+    # but is necessary to allow typing.Protocol and typing_extensions.Protocol
+    # to mix without getting TypeErrors about "metaclass conflict"
+    class _ProtocolMeta(type(typing.Protocol)):
+        # This metaclass is somewhat unfortunate,
+        # but is necessary for several reasons...
+        #
+        # NOTE: DO NOT call super() in any methods in this class
+        # That would call the methods on typing._ProtocolMeta on Python <=3.11
+        # and those are slow
+        def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+            if name == "Protocol" and len(bases) < 2:
+                pass
+            elif {Protocol, typing.Protocol} & set(bases):
+                for base in bases:
+                    if not (
+                        base in {object, typing.Generic, Protocol, typing.Protocol}
+                        or base.__name__ in _PROTO_ALLOWLIST.get(base.__module__, [])
+                        or is_protocol(base)
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Protocols can only inherit from other protocols, "
+                            f"got {base!r}"
+                        )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+        def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            abc.ABCMeta.__init__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+            if getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                cls.__protocol_attrs__ = _get_protocol_attrs(cls)
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+            if (
+                getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False)
+                and not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                if not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False):
+                    _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(other)
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Instance and class checks can only be used with "
+                        "@runtime_checkable protocols"
+                    )
+                if (
+                    # this attribute is set by @runtime_checkable:
+                    cls.__non_callable_proto_members__
+                    and cls.__dict__.get("__subclasshook__") is _proto_hook
+                ):
+                    _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(other)
+                    non_method_attrs = sorted(cls.__non_callable_proto_members__)
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()."
+                        f" Non-method members: {str(non_method_attrs)[1:-1]}."
+                    )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+
+        def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+            # We need this method for situations where attributes are
+            # assigned in __init__.
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+            if not getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                # i.e., it's a concrete subclass of a protocol
+                return abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+
+            if (
+                not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False) and
+                not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                raise TypeError("Instance and class checks can only be used with"
+                                " @runtime_checkable protocols")
+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+                return True
+
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    val = inspect.getattr_static(instance, attr)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    break
+                # this attribute is set by @runtime_checkable:
+                if val is None and attr not in cls.__non_callable_proto_members__:
+                    break
+            else:
+                return True
+
+            return False
+
+        def __eq__(cls, other):
+            # Hack so that typing.Generic.__class_getitem__
+            # treats typing_extensions.Protocol
+            # as equivalent to typing.Protocol
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__eq__(cls, other) is True:
+                return True
+            return cls is Protocol and other is typing.Protocol
+
+        # This has to be defined, or the abc-module cache
+        # complains about classes with this metaclass being unhashable,
+        # if we define only __eq__!
+        def __hash__(cls) -> int:
+            return type.__hash__(cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _proto_hook(cls, other):
+        if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+            for base in other.__mro__:
+                # Check if the members appears in the class dictionary...
+                if attr in base.__dict__:
+                    if base.__dict__[attr] is None:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    break
+
+                # ...or in annotations, if it is a sub-protocol.
+                annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+                if (
+                    isinstance(annotations, collections.abc.Mapping)
+                    and attr in annotations
+                    and is_protocol(other)
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        return True
+
+    class Protocol(typing.Generic, metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+        __doc__ = typing.Protocol.__doc__
+        __slots__ = ()
+        _is_protocol = True
+        _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+            if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+                cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+            # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+            if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+            # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+            if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/113401
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    runtime_checkable = typing.runtime_checkable
+else:
+    def runtime_checkable(cls):
+        """Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol.
+
+        Such protocol can be used with isinstance() and issubclass().
+        Raise TypeError if applied to a non-protocol class.
+        This allows a simple-minded structural check very similar to
+        one trick ponies in collections.abc such as Iterable.
+
+        For example::
+
+            @runtime_checkable
+            class Closable(Protocol):
+                def close(self): ...
+
+            assert isinstance(open('/some/file'), Closable)
+
+        Warning: this will check only the presence of the required methods,
+        not their type signatures!
+        """
+        if not issubclass(cls, typing.Generic) or not getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False):
+            raise TypeError(f'@runtime_checkable can be only applied to protocol classes,'
+                            f' got {cls!r}')
+        cls._is_runtime_protocol = True
+
+        # typing.Protocol classes on <=3.11 break if we execute this block,
+        # because typing.Protocol classes on <=3.11 don't have a
+        # `__protocol_attrs__` attribute, and this block relies on the
+        # `__protocol_attrs__` attribute. Meanwhile, typing.Protocol classes on 3.12.2+
+        # break if we *don't* execute this block, because *they* assume that all
+        # protocol classes have a `__non_callable_proto_members__` attribute
+        # (which this block sets)
+        if isinstance(cls, _ProtocolMeta) or sys.version_info >= (3, 12, 2):
+            # PEP 544 prohibits using issubclass()
+            # with protocols that have non-method members.
+            # See gh-113320 for why we compute this attribute here,
+            # rather than in `_ProtocolMeta.__init__`
+            cls.__non_callable_proto_members__ = set()
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    is_callable = callable(getattr(cls, attr, None))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Failed to determine whether protocol member {attr!r} "
+                        "is a method member"
+                    ) from e
+                else:
+                    if not is_callable:
+                        cls.__non_callable_proto_members__.add(attr)
+
+        return cls
+
+
+# The "runtime" alias exists for backwards compatibility.
+runtime = runtime_checkable
+
+
+# Our version of runtime-checkable protocols is faster on Python <=3.11
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/112717
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    SupportsInt = typing.SupportsInt
+    SupportsFloat = typing.SupportsFloat
+    SupportsComplex = typing.SupportsComplex
+    SupportsBytes = typing.SupportsBytes
+    SupportsIndex = typing.SupportsIndex
+    SupportsAbs = typing.SupportsAbs
+    SupportsRound = typing.SupportsRound
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsInt(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __int__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __int__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsFloat(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __float__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __float__(self) -> float:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsComplex(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __complex__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __complex__(self) -> complex:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsBytes(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __bytes__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsIndex(Protocol):
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __index__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsAbs(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __abs__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __abs__(self) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsRound(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __round__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+
+if hasattr(io, "Reader") and hasattr(io, "Writer"):
+    Reader = io.Reader
+    Writer = io.Writer
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class Reader(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """Protocol for simple I/O reader instances.
+
+        This protocol only supports blocking I/O.
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def read(self, size: int = ..., /) -> T_co:
+            """Read data from the input stream and return it.
+
+            If *size* is specified, at most *size* items (bytes/characters) will be
+            read.
+            """
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class Writer(Protocol[T_contra]):
+        """Protocol for simple I/O writer instances.
+
+        This protocol only supports blocking I/O.
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def write(self, data: T_contra, /) -> int:
+            """Write *data* to the output stream and return the number of items written."""  # noqa: E501
+
+
+_NEEDS_SINGLETONMETA = (
+    not hasattr(typing, "NoDefault") or not hasattr(typing, "NoExtraItems")
+)
+
+if _NEEDS_SINGLETONMETA:
+    class SingletonMeta(type):
+        def __setattr__(cls, attr, value):
+            # TypeError is consistent with the behavior of NoneType
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"cannot set {attr!r} attribute of immutable type {cls.__name__!r}"
+            )
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "NoDefault"):
+    NoDefault = typing.NoDefault
+else:
+    class NoDefaultType(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
+        """The type of the NoDefault singleton."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls):
+            return globals().get("NoDefault") or object.__new__(cls)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "typing_extensions.NoDefault"
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return "NoDefault"
+
+    NoDefault = NoDefaultType()
+    del NoDefaultType
+
+if hasattr(typing, "NoExtraItems"):
+    NoExtraItems = typing.NoExtraItems
+else:
+    class NoExtraItemsType(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
+        """The type of the NoExtraItems singleton."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls):
+            return globals().get("NoExtraItems") or object.__new__(cls)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "typing_extensions.NoExtraItems"
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return "NoExtraItems"
+
+    NoExtraItems = NoExtraItemsType()
+    del NoExtraItemsType
+
+if _NEEDS_SINGLETONMETA:
+    del SingletonMeta
+
+
+# Update this to something like >=3.13.0b1 if and when
+# PEP 728 is implemented in CPython
+_PEP_728_IMPLEMENTED = False
+
+if _PEP_728_IMPLEMENTED:
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.9.0/1 does not honour the "total"
+    # keyword with old-style TypedDict().  See https://bugs.python.org/issue42059
+    # The standard library TypedDict below Python 3.11 does not store runtime
+    # information about optional and required keys when using Required or NotRequired.
+    # Generic TypedDicts are also impossible using typing.TypedDict on Python <3.11.
+    # Aaaand on 3.12 we add __orig_bases__ to TypedDict
+    # to enable better runtime introspection.
+    # On 3.13 we deprecate some odd ways of creating TypedDicts.
+    # Also on 3.13, PEP 705 adds the ReadOnly[] qualifier.
+    # PEP 728 (still pending) makes more changes.
+    TypedDict = typing.TypedDict
+    _TypedDictMeta = typing._TypedDictMeta
+    is_typeddict = typing.is_typeddict
+else:
+    # 3.10.0 and later
+    _TAKES_MODULE = "module" in inspect.signature(typing._type_check).parameters
+
+    def _get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type):
+        while True:
+            annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+            if annotation_origin is Annotated:
+                annotation_args = get_args(annotation_type)
+                if annotation_args:
+                    annotation_type = annotation_args[0]
+                else:
+                    break
+            elif annotation_origin is Required:
+                yield Required
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            elif annotation_origin is NotRequired:
+                yield NotRequired
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            elif annotation_origin is ReadOnly:
+                yield ReadOnly
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    class _TypedDictMeta(type):
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, *, total=True, closed=None,
+                    extra_items=NoExtraItems):
+            """Create new typed dict class object.
+
+            This method is called when TypedDict is subclassed,
+            or when TypedDict is instantiated. This way
+            TypedDict supports all three syntax forms described in its docstring.
+            Subclasses and instances of TypedDict return actual dictionaries.
+            """
+            for base in bases:
+                if type(base) is not _TypedDictMeta and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError('cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type '
+                                    'and a non-TypedDict base class')
+            if closed is not None and extra_items is not NoExtraItems:
+                raise TypeError(f"Cannot combine closed={closed!r} and extra_items")
+
+            if any(issubclass(b, typing.Generic) for b in bases):
+                generic_base = (typing.Generic,)
+            else:
+                generic_base = ()
+
+            ns_annotations = ns.pop('__annotations__', None)
+
+            # typing.py generally doesn't let you inherit from plain Generic, unless
+            # the name of the class happens to be "Protocol"
+            tp_dict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, "Protocol", (*generic_base, dict), ns)
+            tp_dict.__name__ = name
+            if tp_dict.__qualname__ == "Protocol":
+                tp_dict.__qualname__ = name
+
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__orig_bases__'):
+                tp_dict.__orig_bases__ = bases
+
+            annotations = {}
+            own_annotate = None
+            if ns_annotations is not None:
+                own_annotations = ns_annotations
+            elif sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                if hasattr(annotationlib, "get_annotate_from_class_namespace"):
+                    own_annotate = annotationlib.get_annotate_from_class_namespace(ns)
+                else:
+                    # 3.14.0a7 and earlier
+                    own_annotate = ns.get("__annotate__")
+                if own_annotate is not None:
+                    own_annotations = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                        own_annotate, Format.FORWARDREF, owner=tp_dict
+                    )
+                else:
+                    own_annotations = {}
+            else:
+                own_annotations = {}
+            msg = "TypedDict('Name', {f0: t0, f1: t1, ...}); each t must be a type"
+            if _TAKES_MODULE:
+                own_checked_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                own_checked_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            required_keys = set()
+            optional_keys = set()
+            readonly_keys = set()
+            mutable_keys = set()
+            extra_items_type = extra_items
+
+            for base in bases:
+                base_dict = base.__dict__
+
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 14):
+                    annotations.update(base_dict.get('__annotations__', {}))
+                required_keys.update(base_dict.get('__required_keys__', ()))
+                optional_keys.update(base_dict.get('__optional_keys__', ()))
+                readonly_keys.update(base_dict.get('__readonly_keys__', ()))
+                mutable_keys.update(base_dict.get('__mutable_keys__', ()))
+
+            # This was specified in an earlier version of PEP 728. Support
+            # is retained for backwards compatibility, but only for Python
+            # 3.13 and lower.
+            if (closed and sys.version_info < (3, 14)
+                       and "__extra_items__" in own_checked_annotations):
+                annotation_type = own_checked_annotations.pop("__extra_items__")
+                qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
+                if Required in qualifiers:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Special key __extra_items__ does not support "
+                        "Required"
+                    )
+                if NotRequired in qualifiers:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Special key __extra_items__ does not support "
+                        "NotRequired"
+                    )
+                extra_items_type = annotation_type
+
+            annotations.update(own_checked_annotations)
+            for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_checked_annotations.items():
+                qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
+
+                if Required in qualifiers:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif NotRequired in qualifiers:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif total:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                if ReadOnly in qualifiers:
+                    mutable_keys.discard(annotation_key)
+                    readonly_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    mutable_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                    readonly_keys.discard(annotation_key)
+
+            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119891
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                def __annotate__(format):
+                    annos = {}
+                    for base in bases:
+                        if base is Generic:
+                            continue
+                        base_annotate = base.__annotate__
+                        if base_annotate is None:
+                            continue
+                        base_annos = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                            base_annotate, format, owner=base)
+                        annos.update(base_annos)
+                    if own_annotate is not None:
+                        own = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                            own_annotate, format, owner=tp_dict)
+                        if format != Format.STRING:
+                            own = {
+                                n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                                for n, tp in own.items()
+                            }
+                    elif format == Format.STRING:
+                        own = annotationlib.annotations_to_string(own_annotations)
+                    elif format in (Format.FORWARDREF, Format.VALUE):
+                        own = own_checked_annotations
+                    else:
+                        raise NotImplementedError(format)
+                    annos.update(own)
+                    return annos
+
+                tp_dict.__annotate__ = __annotate__
+            else:
+                tp_dict.__annotations__ = annotations
+            tp_dict.__required_keys__ = frozenset(required_keys)
+            tp_dict.__optional_keys__ = frozenset(optional_keys)
+            tp_dict.__readonly_keys__ = frozenset(readonly_keys)
+            tp_dict.__mutable_keys__ = frozenset(mutable_keys)
+            tp_dict.__total__ = total
+            tp_dict.__closed__ = closed
+            tp_dict.__extra_items__ = extra_items_type
+            return tp_dict
+
+        __call__ = dict  # static method
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            # Typed dicts are only for static structural subtyping.
+            raise TypeError('TypedDict does not support instance and class checks')
+
+        __instancecheck__ = __subclasscheck__
+
+    _TypedDict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, 'TypedDict', (), {})
+
+    def _create_typeddict(
+        typename,
+        fields,
+        /,
+        *,
+        typing_is_inline,
+        total,
+        closed,
+        extra_items,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if fields is _marker or fields is None:
+            if fields is _marker:
+                deprecated_thing = (
+                    "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+
+            example = f"`{typename} = TypedDict({typename!r}, {{}})`"
+            deprecation_msg = (
+                f"{deprecated_thing} is deprecated and will be disallowed in "
+                "Python 3.15. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
+                "using the functional syntax, pass an empty dictionary, e.g. "
+            ) + example + "."
+            warnings.warn(deprecation_msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            # Support a field called "closed"
+            if closed is not False and closed is not True and closed is not None:
+                kwargs["closed"] = closed
+                closed = None
+            # Or "extra_items"
+            if extra_items is not NoExtraItems:
+                kwargs["extra_items"] = extra_items
+                extra_items = NoExtraItems
+            fields = kwargs
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("TypedDict takes either a dict or keyword arguments,"
+                            " but not both")
+        if kwargs:
+            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/104891
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+                raise TypeError("TypedDict takes no keyword arguments")
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The kwargs-based syntax for TypedDict definitions is deprecated "
+                "in Python 3.11, will be removed in Python 3.13, and may not be "
+                "understood by third-party type checkers.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        ns = {'__annotations__': dict(fields)}
+        module = _caller(depth=4 if typing_is_inline else 2)
+        if module is not None:
+            # Setting correct module is necessary to make typed dict classes
+            # pickleable.
+            ns['__module__'] = module
+
+        td = _TypedDictMeta(typename, (), ns, total=total, closed=closed,
+                            extra_items=extra_items)
+        td.__orig_bases__ = (TypedDict,)
+        return td
+
+    class _TypedDictSpecialForm(_SpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __call__(
+            self,
+            typename,
+            fields=_marker,
+            /,
+            *,
+            total=True,
+            closed=None,
+            extra_items=NoExtraItems,
+            **kwargs
+        ):
+            return _create_typeddict(
+                typename,
+                fields,
+                typing_is_inline=False,
+                total=total,
+                closed=closed,
+                extra_items=extra_items,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            return (_TypedDict,)
+
+    @_TypedDictSpecialForm
+    def TypedDict(self, args):
+        """A simple typed namespace. At runtime it is equivalent to a plain dict.
+
+        TypedDict creates a dictionary type such that a type checker will expect all
+        instances to have a certain set of keys, where each key is
+        associated with a value of a consistent type. This expectation
+        is not checked at runtime.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+                label: str
+
+            a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'}  # OK
+            b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'}           # Fails type check
+
+            assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')
+
+        The type info can be accessed via the Point2D.__annotations__ dict, and
+        the Point2D.__required_keys__ and Point2D.__optional_keys__ frozensets.
+        TypedDict supports an additional equivalent form::
+
+            Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
+
+        By default, all keys must be present in a TypedDict. It is possible
+        to override this by specifying totality::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+
+        This means that a Point2D TypedDict can have any of the keys omitted. A type
+        checker is only expected to support a literal False or True as the value of
+        the total argument. True is the default, and makes all items defined in the
+        class body be required.
+
+        The Required and NotRequired special forms can also be used to mark
+        individual keys as being required or not required::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int  # the "x" key must always be present (Required is the default)
+                y: NotRequired[int]  # the "y" key can be omitted
+
+        See PEP 655 for more details on Required and NotRequired.
+        """
+        # This runs when creating inline TypedDicts:
+        if not isinstance(args, dict):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "TypedDict[...] should be used with a single dict argument"
+            )
+
+        return _create_typeddict(
+            "<inline TypedDict>",
+            args,
+            typing_is_inline=True,
+            total=True,
+            closed=True,
+            extra_items=NoExtraItems,
+        )
+
+    _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (typing._TypedDictMeta, _TypedDictMeta)
+
+    def is_typeddict(tp):
+        """Check if an annotation is a TypedDict class
+
+        For example::
+            class Film(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: int
+
+            is_typeddict(Film)  # => True
+            is_typeddict(Union[list, str])  # => False
+        """
+        return isinstance(tp, _TYPEDDICT_TYPES)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_type"):
+    assert_type = typing.assert_type
+
+else:
+    def assert_type(val, typ, /):
+        """Assert (to the type checker) that the value is of the given type.
+
+        When the type checker encounters a call to assert_type(), it
+        emits an error if the value is not of the specified type::
+
+            def greet(name: str) -> None:
+                assert_type(name, str)  # ok
+                assert_type(name, int)  # type checker error
+
+        At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged and otherwise
+        does nothing.
+        """
+        return val
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "ReadOnly"):  # 3.13+
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+else:  # <=3.13
+    # replaces _strip_annotations()
+    def _strip_extras(t):
+        """Strips Annotated, Required and NotRequired from a given type."""
+        if isinstance(t, typing._AnnotatedAlias):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__origin__)
+        if hasattr(t, "__origin__") and t.__origin__ in (Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__args__[0])
+        if isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return t.copy_with(stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") and isinstance(t, _types.GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return _types.GenericAlias(t.__origin__, stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "UnionType") and isinstance(t, _types.UnionType):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, stripped_args)
+
+        return t
+
+    def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
+        """Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]', 'Required[T]' or 'NotRequired[T]' with 'T'
+        (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        hint = typing.get_type_hints(
+            obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_extras=True
+        )
+        # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30304
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            _clean_optional(obj, hint, globalns, localns)
+        if include_extras:
+            return hint
+        return {k: _strip_extras(t) for k, t in hint.items()}
+
+    _NoneType = type(None)
+
+    def _could_be_inserted_optional(t):
+        """detects Union[..., None] pattern"""
+        if not isinstance(t, typing._UnionGenericAlias):
+            return False
+        # Assume if last argument is not None they are user defined
+        if t.__args__[-1] is not _NoneType:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    # < 3.11
+    def _clean_optional(obj, hints, globalns=None, localns=None):
+        # reverts injected Union[..., None] cases from typing.get_type_hints
+        # when a None default value is used.
+        # see https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/issues/310
+        if not hints or isinstance(obj, type):
+            return
+        defaults = typing._get_defaults(obj)  # avoid accessing __annotations___
+        if not defaults:
+            return
+        original_hints = obj.__annotations__
+        for name, value in hints.items():
+            # Not a Union[..., None] or replacement conditions not fullfilled
+            if (not _could_be_inserted_optional(value)
+                or name not in defaults
+                or defaults[name] is not None
+            ):
+                continue
+            original_value = original_hints[name]
+            # value=NoneType should have caused a skip above but check for safety
+            if original_value is None:
+                original_value = _NoneType
+            # Forward reference
+            if isinstance(original_value, str):
+                if globalns is None:
+                    if isinstance(obj, _types.ModuleType):
+                        globalns = obj.__dict__
+                    else:
+                        nsobj = obj
+                        # Find globalns for the unwrapped object.
+                        while hasattr(nsobj, '__wrapped__'):
+                            nsobj = nsobj.__wrapped__
+                        globalns = getattr(nsobj, '__globals__', {})
+                    if localns is None:
+                        localns = globalns
+                elif localns is None:
+                    localns = globalns
+
+                original_value = ForwardRef(
+                    original_value,
+                    is_argument=not isinstance(obj, _types.ModuleType)
+                )
+            original_evaluated = typing._eval_type(original_value, globalns, localns)
+            # Compare if values differ. Note that even if equal
+            # value might be cached by typing._tp_cache contrary to original_evaluated
+            if original_evaluated != value or (
+                # 3.10: ForwardRefs of UnionType might be turned into _UnionGenericAlias
+                hasattr(_types, "UnionType")
+                and isinstance(original_evaluated, _types.UnionType)
+                and not isinstance(value, _types.UnionType)
+            ):
+                hints[name] = original_evaluated
+
+# Python 3.9 has get_origin() and get_args() but those implementations don't support
+# ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs, so only Python 3.10's versions will do.
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/25298
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    get_origin = typing.get_origin
+    get_args = typing.get_args
+# 3.9
+else:
+    def get_origin(tp):
+        """Get the unsubscripted version of a type.
+
+        This supports generic types, Callable, Tuple, Union, Literal, Final, ClassVar
+        and Annotated. Return None for unsupported types. Examples::
+
+            get_origin(Literal[42]) is Literal
+            get_origin(int) is None
+            get_origin(ClassVar[int]) is ClassVar
+            get_origin(Generic) is Generic
+            get_origin(Generic[T]) is Generic
+            get_origin(Union[T, int]) is Union
+            get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]) == list
+            get_origin(P.args) is P
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, typing._AnnotatedAlias):
+            return Annotated
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._BaseGenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias,
+                           ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs)):
+            return tp.__origin__
+        if tp is typing.Generic:
+            return typing.Generic
+        return None
+
+    def get_args(tp):
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, typing._AnnotatedAlias):
+            return (tp.__origin__, *tp.__metadata__)
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)):
+            res = tp.__args__
+            if get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return ()
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeAlias'):
+    TypeAlias = typing.TypeAlias
+# 3.9
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeAlias(self, parameters):
+        """Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example above.
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+def _set_default(type_param, default):
+    type_param.has_default = lambda: default is not NoDefault
+    type_param.__default__ = default
+
+
+def _set_module(typevarlike):
+    # for pickling:
+    def_mod = _caller(depth=2)
+    if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+        typevarlike.__module__ = def_mod
+
+
+class _DefaultMixin:
+    """Mixin for TypeVarLike defaults."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __init__ = _set_default
+
+
+# Classes using this metaclass must provide a _backported_typevarlike ClassVar
+class _TypeVarLikeMeta(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, __instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(__instance, cls._backported_typevarlike)
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    # Add default and infer_variance parameters from PEP 696 and 695
+    class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *constraints, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    default=NoDefault, infer_variance=False):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented (3.12+), can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                         covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant,
+                                         infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                         covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant)
+                if infer_variance and (covariant or contravariant):
+                    raise ValueError("Variance cannot be specified with infer_variance.")
+                typevar.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(typevar, default)
+            _set_module(typevar)
+
+            def _tvar_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                if (
+                    typevar.has_default()
+                    and alias.__parameters__.index(typevar) == len(args)
+                ):
+                    args += (typevar.__default__,)
+                return args
+
+            typevar.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _tvar_prepare_subst
+            return typevar
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+
+# Python 3.10+ has PEP 612
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpecArgs'):
+    ParamSpecArgs = typing.ParamSpecArgs
+    ParamSpecKwargs = typing.ParamSpecKwargs
+# 3.9
+else:
+    class _Immutable:
+        """Mixin to indicate that object should not be copied."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __copy__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+            return self
+
+    class ParamSpecArgs(_Immutable):
+        """The args for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.args is an instance of ParamSpecArgs.
+
+        ParamSpecArgs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.args.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.args"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecArgs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+    class ParamSpecKwargs(_Immutable):
+        """The kwargs for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.kwargs is an instance of ParamSpecKwargs.
+
+        ParamSpecKwargs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.kwargs.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.kwargs"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecKwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+
+# 3.10+
+elif hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpec'):
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Parameter specification."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.ParamSpec
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    infer_variance=False, default=NoDefault):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant,
+                                             infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant)
+                paramspec.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(paramspec, default)
+            _set_module(paramspec)
+
+            def _paramspec_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                params = alias.__parameters__
+                i = params.index(paramspec)
+                if i == len(args) and paramspec.has_default():
+                    args = [*args, paramspec.__default__]
+                if i >= len(args):
+                    raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {alias}")
+                # Special case where Z[[int, str, bool]] == Z[int, str, bool] in PEP 612.
+                if len(params) == 1 and not typing._is_param_expr(args[0]):
+                    assert i == 0
+                    args = (args,)
+                # Convert lists to tuples to help other libraries cache the results.
+                elif isinstance(args[i], list):
+                    args = (*args[:i], tuple(args[i]), *args[i + 1:])
+                return args
+
+            paramspec.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _paramspec_prepare_subst
+            return paramspec
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+# 3.9
+else:
+
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class ParamSpec(list, _DefaultMixin):
+        """Parameter specification variable.
+
+        Usage::
+
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+        Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static
+        type checkers.  They are used to forward the parameter types of one
+        callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in higher order
+        functions and decorators.  They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``,
+        or s the first argument to ``Callable``. In Python 3.10 and higher,
+        they are also supported in user-defined Generics at runtime.
+        See class Generic for more information on generic types.  An
+        example for annotating a decorator::
+
+           T = TypeVar('T')
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+           def add_logging(f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
+               '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''
+               def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+                   logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')
+                   return f(*args, **kwargs)
+               return inner
+
+           @add_logging
+           def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:
+               '''Add two numbers together.'''
+               return x + y
+
+        Parameter specification variables defined with covariant=True or
+        contravariant=True can be used to declare covariant or contravariant
+        generic types.  These keyword arguments are valid, but their actual semantics
+        are yet to be decided.  See PEP 612 for details.
+
+        Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.:
+
+           P.__name__ == 'T'
+           P.__bound__ == None
+           P.__covariant__ == False
+           P.__contravariant__ == False
+
+        Note that only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can
+        be pickled.
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def args(self):
+            return ParamSpecArgs(self)
+
+        @property
+        def kwargs(self):
+            return ParamSpecKwargs(self)
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, bound=None, covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                     infer_variance=False, default=NoDefault):
+            list.__init__(self, [self])
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__covariant__ = bool(covariant)
+            self.__contravariant__ = bool(contravariant)
+            self.__infer_variance__ = bool(infer_variance)
+            if bound:
+                self.__bound__ = typing._type_check(bound, 'Bound must be a type.')
+            else:
+                self.__bound__ = None
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self.__infer_variance__:
+                prefix = ''
+            elif self.__covariant__:
+                prefix = '+'
+            elif self.__contravariant__:
+                prefix = '-'
+            else:
+                prefix = '~'
+            return prefix + self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+
+# 3.9
+if not hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+
+    # 3.9.0-1
+    if not hasattr(typing, '_type_convert'):
+        def _type_convert(arg, module=None, *, allow_special_forms=False):
+            """For converting None to type(None), and strings to ForwardRef."""
+            if arg is None:
+                return type(None)
+            if isinstance(arg, str):
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 9, 6):
+                    return ForwardRef(arg)
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 9, 7):
+                    return ForwardRef(arg, module=module)
+                return ForwardRef(arg, module=module, is_class=allow_special_forms)
+            return arg
+    else:
+        _type_convert = typing._type_convert
+
+    class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(list):
+
+        # Trick Generic into looking into this for __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing._GenericAlias
+
+        def __init__(self, origin, args):
+            super().__init__(args)
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+            self.__args__ = args
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            _type_repr = typing._type_repr
+            return (f'{_type_repr(self.__origin__)}'
+                    f'[{", ".join(_type_repr(arg) for arg in self.__args__)}]')
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__args__))
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass in Generic.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @property
+        def __parameters__(self):
+            return tuple(
+                tp for tp in self.__args__ if isinstance(tp, (typing.TypeVar, ParamSpec))
+            )
+
+        # 3.9 used by __getitem__ below
+        def copy_with(self, params):
+            if isinstance(params[-1], _ConcatenateGenericAlias):
+                params = (*params[:-1], *params[-1].__args__)
+            elif isinstance(params[-1], (list, tuple)):
+                return (*params[:-1], *params[-1])
+            elif (not (params[-1] is ... or isinstance(params[-1], ParamSpec))):
+                raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
+            return self.__class__(self.__origin__, params)
+
+        # 3.9; accessed during GenericAlias.__getitem__ when substituting
+        def __getitem__(self, args):
+            if self.__origin__ in (Generic, Protocol):
+                # Can't subscript Generic[...] or Protocol[...].
+                raise TypeError(f"Cannot subscript already-subscripted {self}")
+            if not self.__parameters__:
+                raise TypeError(f"{self} is not a generic class")
+
+            if not isinstance(args, tuple):
+                args = (args,)
+            args = _unpack_args(*(_type_convert(p) for p in args))
+            params = self.__parameters__
+            for param in params:
+                prepare = getattr(param, "__typing_prepare_subst__", None)
+                if prepare is not None:
+                    args = prepare(self, args)
+                # 3.9 & typing.ParamSpec
+                elif isinstance(param, ParamSpec):
+                    i = params.index(param)
+                    if (
+                        i == len(args)
+                        and getattr(param, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        args = [*args, param.__default__]
+                    if i >= len(args):
+                        raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {self}")
+                    # Special case for Z[[int, str, bool]] == Z[int, str, bool]
+                    if len(params) == 1 and not _is_param_expr(args[0]):
+                        assert i == 0
+                        args = (args,)
+                    elif (
+                        isinstance(args[i], list)
+                        # 3.9
+                        # This class inherits from list do not convert
+                        and not isinstance(args[i], _ConcatenateGenericAlias)
+                    ):
+                        args = (*args[:i], tuple(args[i]), *args[i + 1:])
+
+            alen = len(args)
+            plen = len(params)
+            if alen != plen:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Too {'many' if alen > plen else 'few'} arguments for {self};"
+                    f" actual {alen}, expected {plen}"
+                )
+
+            subst = dict(zip(self.__parameters__, args))
+            # determine new args
+            new_args = []
+            for arg in self.__args__:
+                if isinstance(arg, type):
+                    new_args.append(arg)
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(arg, TypeVar):
+                    arg = subst[arg]
+                    if (
+                        (isinstance(arg, typing._GenericAlias) and _is_unpack(arg))
+                        or (
+                            hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias")
+                            and isinstance(arg, _types.GenericAlias)
+                            and getattr(arg, "__unpacked__", False)
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{arg} is not valid as type argument")
+
+                elif isinstance(arg,
+                    typing._GenericAlias
+                    if not hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") else
+                    (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)
+                ):
+                    subparams = arg.__parameters__
+                    if subparams:
+                        subargs = tuple(subst[x] for x in subparams)
+                        arg = arg[subargs]
+                new_args.append(arg)
+            return self.copy_with(tuple(new_args))
+
+# 3.10+
+else:
+    _ConcatenateGenericAlias = typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias
+
+    # 3.10
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+
+        class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias, _root=True):
+            # needed for checks in collections.abc.Callable to accept this class
+            __module__ = "typing"
+
+            def copy_with(self, params):
+                if isinstance(params[-1], (list, tuple)):
+                    return (*params[:-1], *params[-1])
+                if isinstance(params[-1], typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias):
+                    params = (*params[:-1], *params[-1].__args__)
+                elif not (params[-1] is ... or isinstance(params[-1], ParamSpec)):
+                    raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                            "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
+                return super(typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias, self).copy_with(params)
+
+            def __getitem__(self, args):
+                value = super().__getitem__(args)
+                if isinstance(value, tuple) and any(_is_unpack(t) for t in value):
+                    return tuple(_unpack_args(*(n for n in value)))
+                return value
+
+
+# 3.9.2
+class _EllipsisDummy: ...
+
+
+# <=3.10
+def _create_concatenate_alias(origin, parameters):
+    if parameters[-1] is ... and sys.version_info < (3, 9, 2):
+        # Hack: Arguments must be types, replace it with one.
+        parameters = (*parameters[:-1], _EllipsisDummy)
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 3):
+        concatenate = _ConcatenateGenericAlias(origin, parameters,
+                                        _typevar_types=(TypeVar, ParamSpec),
+                                        _paramspec_tvars=True)
+    else:
+        concatenate = _ConcatenateGenericAlias(origin, parameters)
+    if parameters[-1] is not _EllipsisDummy:
+        return concatenate
+    # Remove dummy again
+    concatenate.__args__ = tuple(p if p is not _EllipsisDummy else ...
+                                    for p in concatenate.__args__)
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        # backport needs __args__ adjustment only
+        return concatenate
+    concatenate.__parameters__ = tuple(p for p in concatenate.__parameters__
+                                        if p is not _EllipsisDummy)
+    return concatenate
+
+
+# <=3.10
+@typing._tp_cache
+def _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters):
+    if parameters == ():
+        raise TypeError("Cannot take a Concatenate of no types.")
+    if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+        parameters = (parameters,)
+    if not (parameters[-1] is ... or isinstance(parameters[-1], ParamSpec)):
+        raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
+    msg = "Concatenate[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type."
+    parameters = (*(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in parameters[:-1]),
+                    parameters[-1])
+    return _create_concatenate_alias(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.11+; Concatenate does not accept ellipsis in 3.10
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30969
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    Concatenate = typing.Concatenate
+# <=3.10
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Concatenate(self, parameters):
+        """Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """
+        return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeGuard'):
+    TypeGuard = typing.TypeGuard
+# 3.9
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeGuard(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+# 3.13+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeIs'):
+    TypeIs = typing.TypeIs
+# <=3.12
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeIs(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type narrower function.  ``TypeIs`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeIs`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeIs[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeIs`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the intersection of the type inside ``TypeIs`` and the argument's
+        previously known type.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_awaitable(val: object) -> TypeIs[Awaitable[Any]]:
+                return hasattr(val, '__await__')
+
+            def f(val: Union[int, Awaitable[int]]) -> int:
+                if is_awaitable(val):
+                    assert_type(val, Awaitable[int])
+                else:
+                    assert_type(val, int)
+
+        ``TypeIs`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 742 (Narrowing types with TypeIs).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+# 3.14+?
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeForm'):
+    TypeForm = typing.TypeForm
+# <=3.13
+else:
+    class _TypeFormForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        # TypeForm(X) is equivalent to X but indicates to the type checker
+        # that the object is a TypeForm.
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+    @_TypeFormForm
+    def TypeForm(self, parameters):
+        """A special form representing the value that results from the evaluation
+        of a type expression. This value encodes the information supplied in the
+        type expression, and it represents the type described by that type expression.
+
+        When used in a type expression, TypeForm describes a set of type form objects.
+        It accepts a single type argument, which must be a valid type expression.
+        ``TypeForm[T]`` describes the set of all type form objects that represent
+        the type T or types that are assignable to T.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            def cast[T](typ: TypeForm[T], value: Any) -> T: ...
+
+            reveal_type(cast(int, "x"))  # int
+
+        See PEP 747 for more information.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "LiteralString"):  # 3.11+
+    LiteralString = typing.LiteralString
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def LiteralString(self, params):
+        """Represents an arbitrary literal string.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing_extensions import LiteralString
+
+          def query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...:
+              ...
+
+          query("SELECT * FROM table")  # ok
+          query(f"SELECT * FROM {input()}")  # not ok
+
+        See PEP 675 for details.
+
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Self"):  # 3.11+
+    Self = typing.Self
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Self(self, params):
+        """Used to spell the type of "self" in classes.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing import Self
+
+          class ReturnsSelf:
+              def parse(self, data: bytes) -> Self:
+                  ...
+                  return self
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Never"):  # 3.11+
+    Never = typing.Never
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Never(self, params):
+        """The bottom type, a type that has no members.
+
+        This can be used to define a function that should never be
+        called, or a function that never returns::
+
+            from typing_extensions import Never
+
+            def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                never_call_me(arg)  # type checker error
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        never_call_me(arg)  # ok, arg is of type Never
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Required'):  # 3.11+
+    Required = typing.Required
+    NotRequired = typing.NotRequired
+else:  # <=3.10
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Required(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def NotRequired(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'ReadOnly'):
+    ReadOnly = typing.ReadOnly
+else:  # <=3.12
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def ReadOnly(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark an item of a TypedDict as read-only.
+
+        For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: ReadOnly[str]
+                year: int
+
+            def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:
+                m["year"] = 1992  # allowed
+                m["title"] = "The Matrix"  # typechecker error
+
+        There is no runtime checking for this property.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+_UNPACK_DOC = """\
+Type unpack operator.
+
+The type unpack operator takes the child types from some container type,
+such as `tuple[int, str]` or a `TypeVarTuple`, and 'pulls them out'. For
+example:
+
+  # For some generic class `Foo`:
+  Foo[Unpack[tuple[int, str]]]  # Equivalent to Foo[int, str]
+
+  Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+  # Specifies that `Bar` is generic in an arbitrary number of types.
+  # (Think of `Ts` as a tuple of an arbitrary number of individual
+  #  `TypeVar`s, which the `Unpack` is 'pulling out' directly into the
+  #  `Generic[]`.)
+  class Bar(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): ...
+  Bar[int]  # Valid
+  Bar[int, str]  # Also valid
+
+From Python 3.11, this can also be done using the `*` operator:
+
+    Foo[*tuple[int, str]]
+    class Bar(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+The operator can also be used along with a `TypedDict` to annotate
+`**kwargs` in a function signature. For instance:
+
+  class Movie(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    year: int
+
+  # This function expects two keyword arguments - *name* of type `str` and
+  # *year* of type `int`.
+  def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ...
+
+Note that there is only some runtime checking of this operator. Not
+everything the runtime allows may be accepted by static type checkers.
+
+For more information, see PEP 646 and PEP 692.
+"""
+
+
+# PEP 692 changed the repr of Unpack[]
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/104048
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    Unpack = typing.Unpack
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return get_origin(obj) is Unpack
+
+else:  # <=3.11
+    class _UnpackSpecialForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, getitem):
+            super().__init__(getitem)
+            self.__doc__ = _UNPACK_DOC
+
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            # needed for compatibility with Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+            __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def __typing_unpacked_tuple_args__(self):
+            assert self.__origin__ is Unpack
+            assert len(self.__args__) == 1
+            arg, = self.__args__
+            if isinstance(arg, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)):
+                if arg.__origin__ is not tuple:
+                    raise TypeError("Unpack[...] must be used with a tuple type")
+                return arg.__args__
+            return None
+
+        @property
+        def __typing_is_unpacked_typevartuple__(self):
+            assert self.__origin__ is Unpack
+            assert len(self.__args__) == 1
+            return isinstance(self.__args__[0], TypeVarTuple)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, args):
+            if self.__typing_is_unpacked_typevartuple__:
+                return args
+            return super().__getitem__(args)
+
+    @_UnpackSpecialForm
+    def Unpack(self, parameters):
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+
+def _unpack_args(*args):
+    newargs = []
+    for arg in args:
+        subargs = getattr(arg, '__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__', None)
+        if subargs is not None and (not (subargs and subargs[-1] is ...)):
+            newargs.extend(subargs)
+        else:
+            newargs.append(arg)
+    return newargs
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple
+
+elif hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):  # 3.11+
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable tuple."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVarTuple
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, default=NoDefault):
+            tvt = typing.TypeVarTuple(name)
+            _set_default(tvt, default)
+            _set_module(tvt)
+
+            def _typevartuple_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                params = alias.__parameters__
+                typevartuple_index = params.index(tvt)
+                for param in params[typevartuple_index + 1:]:
+                    if isinstance(param, TypeVarTuple):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"More than one TypeVarTuple parameter in {alias}"
+                        )
+
+                alen = len(args)
+                plen = len(params)
+                left = typevartuple_index
+                right = plen - typevartuple_index - 1
+                var_tuple_index = None
+                fillarg = None
+                for k, arg in enumerate(args):
+                    if not isinstance(arg, type):
+                        subargs = getattr(arg, '__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__', None)
+                        if subargs and len(subargs) == 2 and subargs[-1] is ...:
+                            if var_tuple_index is not None:
+                                raise TypeError(
+                                    "More than one unpacked "
+                                    "arbitrary-length tuple argument"
+                                )
+                            var_tuple_index = k
+                            fillarg = subargs[0]
+                if var_tuple_index is not None:
+                    left = min(left, var_tuple_index)
+                    right = min(right, alen - var_tuple_index - 1)
+                elif left + right > alen:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {alias};"
+                                    f" actual {alen}, expected at least {plen - 1}")
+                if left == alen - right and tvt.has_default():
+                    replacement = _unpack_args(tvt.__default__)
+                else:
+                    replacement = args[left: alen - right]
+
+                return (
+                    *args[:left],
+                    *([fillarg] * (typevartuple_index - left)),
+                    replacement,
+                    *([fillarg] * (plen - right - left - typevartuple_index - 1)),
+                    *args[alen - right:],
+                )
+
+            tvt.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _typevartuple_prepare_subst
+            return tvt
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+else:  # <=3.10
+    class TypeVarTuple(_DefaultMixin):
+        """Type variable tuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+
+        In the same way that a normal type variable is a stand-in for a single
+        type such as ``int``, a type variable *tuple* is a stand-in for a *tuple*
+        type such as ``Tuple[int, str]``.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used in ``Generic`` declarations.
+        Consider the following example::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+        The ``Ts`` type variable tuple here behaves like ``tuple[T1, T2]``,
+        where ``T1`` and ``T2`` are type variables. To use these type variables
+        as type parameters of ``Array``, we must *unpack* the type variable tuple using
+        the star operator: ``*Ts``. The signature of ``Array`` then behaves
+        as if we had simply written ``class Array(Generic[T1, T2]): ...``.
+        In contrast to ``Generic[T1, T2]``, however, ``Generic[*Shape]`` allows
+        us to parameterise the class with an *arbitrary* number of type parameters.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used anywhere a normal ``TypeVar`` can.
+        This includes class definitions, as shown above, as well as function
+        signatures and variable annotations::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]):
+
+                def __init__(self, shape: Tuple[*Ts]):
+                    self._shape: Tuple[*Ts] = shape
+
+                def get_shape(self) -> Tuple[*Ts]:
+                    return self._shape
+
+            shape = (Height(480), Width(640))
+            x: Array[Height, Width] = Array(shape)
+            y = abs(x)  # Inferred type is Array[Height, Width]
+            z = x + x   #        ...    is Array[Height, Width]
+            x.get_shape()  #     ...    is tuple[Height, Width]
+
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            yield self.__unpacked__
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, default=NoDefault):
+            self.__name__ = name
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+            self.__unpacked__ = Unpack[self]
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if '_root' not in kwds:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "reveal_type"):  # 3.11+
+    reveal_type = typing.reveal_type
+else:  # <=3.10
+    def reveal_type(obj: T, /) -> T:
+        """Reveal the inferred type of a variable.
+
+        When a static type checker encounters a call to ``reveal_type()``,
+        it will emit the inferred type of the argument::
+
+            x: int = 1
+            reveal_type(x)
+
+        Running a static type checker (e.g., ``mypy``) on this example
+        will produce output similar to 'Revealed type is "builtins.int"'.
+
+        At runtime, the function prints the runtime type of the
+        argument and returns it unchanged.
+
+        """
+        print(f"Runtime type is {type(obj).__name__!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return obj
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH"):  # 3.11+
+    _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH = typing._ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH
+else:  # <=3.10
+    _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH = 100
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_never"):  # 3.11+
+    assert_never = typing.assert_never
+else:  # <=3.10
+    def assert_never(arg: Never, /) -> Never:
+        """Assert to the type checker that a line of code is unreachable.
+
+        Example::
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(arg)
+
+        If a type checker finds that a call to assert_never() is
+        reachable, it will emit an error.
+
+        At runtime, this throws an exception when called.
+
+        """
+        value = repr(arg)
+        if len(value) > _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH:
+            value = value[:_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH] + '...'
+        raise AssertionError(f"Expected code to be unreachable, but got: {value}")
+
+
+# dataclass_transform exists in 3.11 but lacks the frozen_default parameter
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/99958
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # 3.12+
+    dataclass_transform = typing.dataclass_transform
+else:  # <=3.11
+    def dataclass_transform(
+        *,
+        eq_default: bool = True,
+        order_default: bool = False,
+        kw_only_default: bool = False,
+        frozen_default: bool = False,
+        field_specifiers: typing.Tuple[
+            typing.Union[typing.Type[typing.Any], typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]],
+            ...
+        ] = (),
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[T], T]:
+        """Decorator that marks a function, class, or metaclass as providing
+        dataclass-like behavior.
+
+        Example:
+
+            from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+            _T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+            # Used on a decorator function
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            def create_model(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+                ...
+                return cls
+
+            @create_model
+            class CustomerModel:
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a base class
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelBase: ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a metaclass
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelMeta(type): ...
+
+            class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+        Each of the ``CustomerModel`` classes defined in this example will now
+        behave similarly to a dataclass created with the ``@dataclasses.dataclass``
+        decorator. For example, the type checker will synthesize an ``__init__``
+        method.
+
+        The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior:
+        - ``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be
+          True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``frozen_default`` indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes
+          or functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``.
+
+        At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the
+        ``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+
+        See PEP 681 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(cls_or_fn):
+            cls_or_fn.__dataclass_transform__ = {
+                "eq_default": eq_default,
+                "order_default": order_default,
+                "kw_only_default": kw_only_default,
+                "frozen_default": frozen_default,
+                "field_specifiers": field_specifiers,
+                "kwargs": kwargs,
+            }
+            return cls_or_fn
+        return decorator
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "override"):  # 3.12+
+    override = typing.override
+else:  # <=3.11
+    _F = typing.TypeVar("_F", bound=typing.Callable[..., typing.Any])
+
+    def override(arg: _F, /) -> _F:
+        """Indicate that a method is intended to override a method in a base class.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            class Base:
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+            class Child(Base):
+                @override
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    super().method()
+
+        When this decorator is applied to a method, the type checker will
+        validate that it overrides a method with the same name on a base class.
+        This helps prevent bugs that may occur when a base class is changed
+        without an equivalent change to a child class.
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+
+        See PEP 698 for details.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            arg.__override__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return arg
+
+
+# Python 3.13.3+ contains a fix for the wrapped __new__
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/132160
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 3):
+    deprecated = warnings.deprecated
+else:
+    _T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+    class deprecated:
+        """Indicate that a class, function or overload is deprecated.
+
+        When this decorator is applied to an object, the type checker
+        will generate a diagnostic on usage of the deprecated object.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            @deprecated("Use B instead")
+            class A:
+                pass
+
+            @deprecated("Use g instead")
+            def f():
+                pass
+
+            @overload
+            @deprecated("int support is deprecated")
+            def g(x: int) -> int: ...
+            @overload
+            def g(x: str) -> int: ...
+
+        The warning specified by *category* will be emitted at runtime
+        on use of deprecated objects. For functions, that happens on calls;
+        for classes, on instantiation and on creation of subclasses.
+        If the *category* is ``None``, no warning is emitted at runtime.
+        The *stacklevel* determines where the
+        warning is emitted. If it is ``1`` (the default), the warning
+        is emitted at the direct caller of the deprecated object; if it
+        is higher, it is emitted further up the stack.
+        Static type checker behavior is not affected by the *category*
+        and *stacklevel* arguments.
+
+        The deprecation message passed to the decorator is saved in the
+        ``__deprecated__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+        If applied to an overload, the decorator
+        must be after the ``@overload`` decorator for the attribute to
+        exist on the overload as returned by ``get_overloads()``.
+
+        See PEP 702 for details.
+
+        """
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            message: str,
+            /,
+            *,
+            category: typing.Optional[typing.Type[Warning]] = DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel: int = 1,
+        ) -> None:
+            if not isinstance(message, str):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Expected an object of type str for 'message', not "
+                    f"{type(message).__name__!r}"
+                )
+            self.message = message
+            self.category = category
+            self.stacklevel = stacklevel
+
+        def __call__(self, arg: _T, /) -> _T:
+            # Make sure the inner functions created below don't
+            # retain a reference to self.
+            msg = self.message
+            category = self.category
+            stacklevel = self.stacklevel
+            if category is None:
+                arg.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return arg
+            elif isinstance(arg, type):
+                import functools
+                from types import MethodType
+
+                original_new = arg.__new__
+
+                @functools.wraps(original_new)
+                def __new__(cls, /, *args, **kwargs):
+                    if cls is arg:
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    if original_new is not object.__new__:
+                        return original_new(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                    # Mirrors a similar check in object.__new__.
+                    elif cls.__init__ is object.__init__ and (args or kwargs):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{cls.__name__}() takes no arguments")
+                    else:
+                        return original_new(cls)
+
+                arg.__new__ = staticmethod(__new__)
+
+                original_init_subclass = arg.__init_subclass__
+                # We need slightly different behavior if __init_subclass__
+                # is a bound method (likely if it was implemented in Python)
+                if isinstance(original_init_subclass, MethodType):
+                    original_init_subclass = original_init_subclass.__func__
+
+                    @functools.wraps(original_init_subclass)
+                    def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                        return original_init_subclass(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                    arg.__init_subclass__ = classmethod(__init_subclass__)
+                # Or otherwise, which likely means it's a builtin such as
+                # object's implementation of __init_subclass__.
+                else:
+                    @functools.wraps(original_init_subclass)
+                    def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                        return original_init_subclass(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                    arg.__init_subclass__ = __init_subclass__
+
+                arg.__deprecated__ = __new__.__deprecated__ = msg
+                __init_subclass__.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return arg
+            elif callable(arg):
+                import asyncio.coroutines
+                import functools
+                import inspect
+
+                @functools.wraps(arg)
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    return arg(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                if asyncio.coroutines.iscoroutinefunction(arg):
+                    # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/99247
+                    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+                        wrapper = inspect.markcoroutinefunction(wrapper)
+                    else:
+                        wrapper._is_coroutine = asyncio.coroutines._is_coroutine
+
+                arg.__deprecated__ = wrapper.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return wrapper
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "@deprecated decorator with non-None category must be applied to "
+                    f"a class or callable, not {arg!r}"
+                )
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/23702
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    def _is_param_expr(arg):
+        return arg is ... or isinstance(
+            arg, (tuple, list, ParamSpec, _ConcatenateGenericAlias)
+        )
+else:
+    def _is_param_expr(arg):
+        return arg is ... or isinstance(
+            arg,
+            (
+                tuple,
+                list,
+                ParamSpec,
+                _ConcatenateGenericAlias,
+                typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias,
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+# We have to do some monkey patching to deal with the dual nature of
+# Unpack/TypeVarTuple:
+# - We want Unpack to be a kind of TypeVar so it gets accepted in
+#   Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+# - We want it to *not* be treated as a TypeVar for the purposes of
+#   counting generic parameters, so that when we subscript a generic,
+#   the runtime doesn't try to substitute the Unpack with the subscripted type.
+if not hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):
+    def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen=_marker):
+        """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+
+        This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+        """
+        # If substituting a single ParamSpec with multiple arguments
+        # we do not check the count
+        if (inspect.isclass(cls) and issubclass(cls, typing.Generic)
+            and len(cls.__parameters__) == 1
+            and isinstance(cls.__parameters__[0], ParamSpec)
+            and parameters
+            and not _is_param_expr(parameters[0])
+        ):
+            # Generic modifies parameters variable, but here we cannot do this
+            return
+
+        if not elen:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        if elen is _marker:
+            if not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__") or not cls.__parameters__:
+                raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+            elen = len(cls.__parameters__)
+        alen = len(parameters)
+        if alen != elen:
+            expect_val = elen
+            if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+                parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+                num_tv_tuples = sum(isinstance(p, TypeVarTuple) for p in parameters)
+                if (num_tv_tuples > 0) and (alen >= elen - num_tv_tuples):
+                    return
+
+                # deal with TypeVarLike defaults
+                # required TypeVarLikes cannot appear after a defaulted one.
+                if alen < elen:
+                    # since we validate TypeVarLike default in _collect_type_vars
+                    # or _collect_parameters we can safely check parameters[alen]
+                    if (
+                        getattr(parameters[alen], '__default__', NoDefault)
+                        is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        return
+
+                    num_default_tv = sum(getattr(p, '__default__', NoDefault)
+                                         is not NoDefault for p in parameters)
+
+                    elen -= num_default_tv
+
+                    expect_val = f"at least {elen}"
+
+            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/27515
+            things = "arguments" if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else "parameters"
+            raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} {things}"
+                            f" for {cls}; actual {alen}, expected {expect_val}")
+else:
+    # Python 3.11+
+
+    def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen):
+        """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+
+        This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+        """
+        if not elen:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        alen = len(parameters)
+        if alen != elen:
+            expect_val = elen
+            if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+                parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+
+                # deal with TypeVarLike defaults
+                # required TypeVarLikes cannot appear after a defaulted one.
+                if alen < elen:
+                    # since we validate TypeVarLike default in _collect_type_vars
+                    # or _collect_parameters we can safely check parameters[alen]
+                    if (
+                        getattr(parameters[alen], '__default__', NoDefault)
+                        is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        return
+
+                    num_default_tv = sum(getattr(p, '__default__', NoDefault)
+                                         is not NoDefault for p in parameters)
+
+                    elen -= num_default_tv
+
+                    expect_val = f"at least {elen}"
+
+            raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} arguments"
+                            f" for {cls}; actual {alen}, expected {expect_val}")
+
+if not _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    typing._check_generic = _check_generic
+
+
+def _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin() -> bool:
+    try:
+        frame = sys._getframe(2)
+    # - Catch AttributeError: not all Python implementations have sys._getframe()
+    # - Catch ValueError: maybe we're called from an unexpected module
+    #   and the call stack isn't deep enough
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        return False  # err on the side of leniency
+    else:
+        # If we somehow get invoked from outside typing.py,
+        # also err on the side of leniency
+        if frame.f_globals.get("__name__") != "typing":
+            return False
+        origin = frame.f_locals.get("origin")
+        # Cannot use "in" because origin may be an object with a buggy __eq__ that
+        # throws an error.
+        return origin is typing.Generic or origin is Protocol or origin is typing.Protocol
+
+
+_TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES = {TypeVarTuple, getattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple", None)}
+
+
+def _is_unpacked_typevartuple(x) -> bool:
+    if get_origin(x) is not Unpack:
+        return False
+    args = get_args(x)
+    return (
+        bool(args)
+        and len(args) == 1
+        and type(args[0]) in _TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES
+    )
+
+
+# Python 3.11+ _collect_type_vars was renamed to _collect_parameters
+if hasattr(typing, '_collect_type_vars'):
+    def _collect_type_vars(types, typevar_types=None):
+        """Collect all type variable contained in types in order of
+        first appearance (lexicographic order). For example::
+
+            _collect_type_vars((T, List[S, T])) == (T, S)
+        """
+        if typevar_types is None:
+            typevar_types = typing.TypeVar
+        tvars = []
+
+        # A required TypeVarLike cannot appear after a TypeVarLike with a default
+        # if it was a direct call to `Generic[]` or `Protocol[]`
+        enforce_default_ordering = _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin()
+        default_encountered = False
+
+        # Also, a TypeVarLike with a default cannot appear after a TypeVarTuple
+        type_var_tuple_encountered = False
+
+        for t in types:
+            if _is_unpacked_typevartuple(t):
+                type_var_tuple_encountered = True
+            elif (
+                isinstance(t, typevar_types) and not isinstance(t, _UnpackAlias)
+                and t not in tvars
+            ):
+                if enforce_default_ordering:
+                    has_default = getattr(t, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                    if has_default:
+                        if type_var_tuple_encountered:
+                            raise TypeError('Type parameter with a default'
+                                            ' follows TypeVarTuple')
+                        default_encountered = True
+                    elif default_encountered:
+                        raise TypeError(f'Type parameter {t!r} without a default'
+                                        ' follows type parameter with a default')
+
+                tvars.append(t)
+            if _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+                tvars.extend([t for t in t.__parameters__ if t not in tvars])
+            elif isinstance(t, tuple):
+                # Collect nested type_vars
+                # tuple wrapped by  _prepare_paramspec_params(cls, params)
+                for x in t:
+                    for collected in _collect_type_vars([x]):
+                        if collected not in tvars:
+                            tvars.append(collected)
+        return tuple(tvars)
+
+    typing._collect_type_vars = _collect_type_vars
+else:
+    def _collect_parameters(args):
+        """Collect all type variables and parameter specifications in args
+        in order of first appearance (lexicographic order).
+
+        For example::
+
+            assert _collect_parameters((T, Callable[P, T])) == (T, P)
+        """
+        parameters = []
+
+        # A required TypeVarLike cannot appear after a TypeVarLike with default
+        # if it was a direct call to `Generic[]` or `Protocol[]`
+        enforce_default_ordering = _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin()
+        default_encountered = False
+
+        # Also, a TypeVarLike with a default cannot appear after a TypeVarTuple
+        type_var_tuple_encountered = False
+
+        for t in args:
+            if isinstance(t, type):
+                # We don't want __parameters__ descriptor of a bare Python class.
+                pass
+            elif isinstance(t, tuple):
+                # `t` might be a tuple, when `ParamSpec` is substituted with
+                # `[T, int]`, or `[int, *Ts]`, etc.
+                for x in t:
+                    for collected in _collect_parameters([x]):
+                        if collected not in parameters:
+                            parameters.append(collected)
+            elif hasattr(t, '__typing_subst__'):
+                if t not in parameters:
+                    if enforce_default_ordering:
+                        has_default = (
+                            getattr(t, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                        )
+
+                        if type_var_tuple_encountered and has_default:
+                            raise TypeError('Type parameter with a default'
+                                            ' follows TypeVarTuple')
+
+                        if has_default:
+                            default_encountered = True
+                        elif default_encountered:
+                            raise TypeError(f'Type parameter {t!r} without a default'
+                                            ' follows type parameter with a default')
+
+                    parameters.append(t)
+            else:
+                if _is_unpacked_typevartuple(t):
+                    type_var_tuple_encountered = True
+                for x in getattr(t, '__parameters__', ()):
+                    if x not in parameters:
+                        parameters.append(x)
+
+        return tuple(parameters)
+
+    if not _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+        typing._collect_parameters = _collect_parameters
+
+# Backport typing.NamedTuple as it exists in Python 3.13.
+# In 3.11, the ability to define generic `NamedTuple`s was supported.
+# This was explicitly disallowed in 3.9-3.10, and only half-worked in <=3.8.
+# On 3.12, we added __orig_bases__ to call-based NamedTuples
+# On 3.13, we deprecated kwargs-based NamedTuples
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/105609
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    NamedTuple = typing.NamedTuple
+else:
+    def _make_nmtuple(name, types, module, defaults=()):
+        fields = [n for n, t in types]
+        annotations = {n: typing._type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
+                       for n, t in types}
+        nm_tpl = collections.namedtuple(name, fields,
+                                        defaults=defaults, module=module)
+        nm_tpl.__annotations__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotations__ = annotations
+        return nm_tpl
+
+    _prohibited_namedtuple_fields = typing._prohibited
+    _special_namedtuple_fields = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__'})
+
+    class _NamedTupleMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
+            assert _NamedTuple in bases
+            for base in bases:
+                if base is not _NamedTuple and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic')
+            bases = tuple(tuple if base is _NamedTuple else base for base in bases)
+            if "__annotations__" in ns:
+                types = ns["__annotations__"]
+            elif "__annotate__" in ns:
+                # TODO: Use inspect.VALUE here, and make the annotations lazily evaluated
+                types = ns["__annotate__"](1)
+            else:
+                types = {}
+            default_names = []
+            for field_name in types:
+                if field_name in ns:
+                    default_names.append(field_name)
+                elif default_names:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Non-default namedtuple field {field_name} "
+                                    f"cannot follow default field"
+                                    f"{'s' if len(default_names) > 1 else ''} "
+                                    f"{', '.join(default_names)}")
+            nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(
+                typename, types.items(),
+                defaults=[ns[n] for n in default_names],
+                module=ns['__module__']
+            )
+            nm_tpl.__bases__ = bases
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                if hasattr(typing, '_generic_class_getitem'):  # 3.12+
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(typing._generic_class_getitem)
+                else:
+                    class_getitem = typing.Generic.__class_getitem__.__func__
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(class_getitem)
+            # update from user namespace without overriding special namedtuple attributes
+            for key, val in ns.items():
+                if key in _prohibited_namedtuple_fields:
+                    raise AttributeError("Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute " + key)
+                elif key not in _special_namedtuple_fields:
+                    if key not in nm_tpl._fields:
+                        setattr(nm_tpl, key, ns[key])
+                    try:
+                        set_name = type(val).__set_name__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            set_name(val, nm_tpl, key)
+                        except BaseException as e:
+                            msg = (
+                                f"Error calling __set_name__ on {type(val).__name__!r} "
+                                f"instance {key!r} in {typename!r}"
+                            )
+                            # BaseException.add_note() existed on py311,
+                            # but the __set_name__ machinery didn't start
+                            # using add_note() until py312.
+                            # Making sure exceptions are raised in the same way
+                            # as in "normal" classes seems most important here.
+                            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/95915
+                            if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+                                e.add_note(msg)
+                                raise
+                            else:
+                                raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
+
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                nm_tpl.__init_subclass__()
+            return nm_tpl
+
+    _NamedTuple = type.__new__(_NamedTupleMeta, 'NamedTuple', (), {})
+
+    def _namedtuple_mro_entries(bases):
+        assert NamedTuple in bases
+        return (_NamedTuple,)
+
+    def NamedTuple(typename, fields=_marker, /, **kwargs):
+        """Typed version of namedtuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Employee(NamedTuple):
+                name: str
+                id: int
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])
+
+        The resulting class has an extra __annotations__ attribute, giving a
+        dict that maps field names to types.  (The field names are also in
+        the _fields attribute, which is part of the namedtuple API.)
+        An alternative equivalent functional syntax is also accepted::
+
+            Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
+        """
+        if fields is _marker:
+            if kwargs:
+                deprecated_thing = "Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "Use the class-based or functional syntax instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{typename} = NamedTuple({typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif fields is None:
+            if kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Cannot pass `None` as the 'fields' parameter "
+                    "and also specify fields using keyword arguments"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{typename} = NamedTuple({typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("Either list of fields or keywords"
+                            " can be provided to NamedTuple, not both")
+        if fields is _marker or fields is None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                deprecation_msg.format(name=deprecated_thing, remove="3.15"),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            fields = kwargs.items()
+        nt = _make_nmtuple(typename, fields, module=_caller())
+        nt.__orig_bases__ = (NamedTuple,)
+        return nt
+
+    NamedTuple.__mro_entries__ = _namedtuple_mro_entries
+
+
+if hasattr(collections.abc, "Buffer"):
+    Buffer = collections.abc.Buffer
+else:
+    class Buffer(abc.ABC):  # noqa: B024
+        """Base class for classes that implement the buffer protocol.
+
+        The buffer protocol allows Python objects to expose a low-level
+        memory buffer interface. Before Python 3.12, it is not possible
+        to implement the buffer protocol in pure Python code, or even
+        to check whether a class implements the buffer protocol. In
+        Python 3.12 and higher, the ``__buffer__`` method allows access
+        to the buffer protocol from Python code, and the
+        ``collections.abc.Buffer`` ABC allows checking whether a class
+        implements the buffer protocol.
+
+        To indicate support for the buffer protocol in earlier versions,
+        inherit from this ABC, either in a stub file or at runtime,
+        or use ABC registration. This ABC provides no methods, because
+        there is no Python-accessible methods shared by pre-3.12 buffer
+        classes. It is useful primarily for static checks.
+
+        """
+
+    # As a courtesy, register the most common stdlib buffer classes.
+    Buffer.register(memoryview)
+    Buffer.register(bytearray)
+    Buffer.register(bytes)
+
+
+# Backport of types.get_original_bases, available on 3.12+ in CPython
+if hasattr(_types, "get_original_bases"):
+    get_original_bases = _types.get_original_bases
+else:
+    def get_original_bases(cls, /):
+        """Return the class's "original" bases prior to modification by `__mro_entries__`.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            from typing import TypeVar, Generic
+            from typing_extensions import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            class Foo(Generic[T]): ...
+            class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...
+            class Baz(list[str]): ...
+            Eggs = NamedTuple("Eggs", [("a", int), ("b", str)])
+            Spam = TypedDict("Spam", {"a": int, "b": str})
+
+            assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)
+            assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)
+            assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)
+            assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)
+            assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)
+        """
+        try:
+            return cls.__dict__.get("__orig_bases__", cls.__bases__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Expected an instance of type, not {type(cls).__name__!r}'
+            ) from None
+
+
+# NewType is a class on Python 3.10+, making it pickleable
+# The error message for subclassing instances of NewType was improved on 3.11+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30268
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    NewType = typing.NewType
+else:
+    class NewType:
+        """NewType creates simple unique types with almost zero
+        runtime overhead. NewType(name, tp) is considered a subtype of tp
+        by static type checkers. At runtime, NewType(name, tp) returns
+        a dummy callable that simply returns its argument. Usage::
+            UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
+            def name_by_id(user_id: UserId) -> str:
+                ...
+            UserId('user')          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(42)          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(UserId(42))  # OK
+            num = UserId(5) + 1     # type: int
+        """
+
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+        def __init__(self, name, tp):
+            self.__qualname__ = name
+            if '.' in name:
+                name = name.rpartition('.')[-1]
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__supertype__ = tp
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            # We defined __mro_entries__ to get a better error message
+            # if a user attempts to subclass a NewType instance. bpo-46170
+            supercls_name = self.__name__
+
+            class Dummy:
+                def __init_subclass__(cls):
+                    subcls_name = cls.__name__
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot subclass an instance of NewType. "
+                        f"Perhaps you were looking for: "
+                        f"`{subcls_name} = NewType({subcls_name!r}, {supercls_name})`"
+                    )
+
+            return (Dummy,)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f'{self.__module__}.{self.__qualname__}'
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__qualname__
+
+        # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21515
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            # PEP 604 methods
+            # It doesn't make sense to have these methods on Python <3.10
+
+            def __or__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+            def __ror__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/124795
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    TypeAliasType = typing.TypeAliasType
+# <=3.13
+else:
+    # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/103764
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # 3.12-3.13
+        def _is_unionable(obj):
+            """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+            return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+                type,
+                _types.GenericAlias,
+                _types.UnionType,
+                typing.TypeAliasType,
+                TypeAliasType,
+            ))
+    else:
+        # <=3.11
+        def _is_unionable(obj):
+            """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+            return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+                type,
+                _types.GenericAlias,
+                _types.UnionType,
+                TypeAliasType,
+            ))
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        # Copied and pasted from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/986a4e1b6fcae7fe7a1d0a26aea446107dd58dd2/Objects/genericaliasobject.c#L568-L582,
+        # so that we emulate the behaviour of `types.GenericAlias`
+        # on the latest versions of CPython
+        _ATTRIBUTE_DELEGATION_EXCLUSIONS = frozenset({
+            "__class__",
+            "__bases__",
+            "__origin__",
+            "__args__",
+            "__unpacked__",
+            "__parameters__",
+            "__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__",
+            "__mro_entries__",
+            "__reduce_ex__",
+            "__reduce__",
+            "__copy__",
+            "__deepcopy__",
+        })
+
+        class _TypeAliasGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                if attr in _ATTRIBUTE_DELEGATION_EXCLUSIONS:
+                    return object.__getattr__(self, attr)
+                return getattr(self.__origin__, attr)
+
+
+    class TypeAliasType:
+        """Create named, parameterized type aliases.
+
+        This provides a backport of the new `type` statement in Python 3.12:
+
+            type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]
+
+        is equivalent to:
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            ListOrSet = TypeAliasType("ListOrSet", list[T] | set[T], type_params=(T,))
+
+        The name ListOrSet can then be used as an alias for the type it refers to.
+
+        The type_params argument should contain all the type parameters used
+        in the value of the type alias. If the alias is not generic, this
+        argument is omitted.
+
+        Static type checkers should only support type aliases declared using
+        TypeAliasType that follow these rules:
+
+        - The first argument (the name) must be a string literal.
+        - The TypeAliasType instance must be immediately assigned to a variable
+          of the same name. (For example, 'X = TypeAliasType("Y", int)' is invalid,
+          as is 'X, Y = TypeAliasType("X", int), TypeAliasType("Y", int)').
+
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, value, *, type_params=()):
+            if not isinstance(name, str):
+                raise TypeError("TypeAliasType name must be a string")
+            if not isinstance(type_params, tuple):
+                raise TypeError("type_params must be a tuple")
+            self.__value__ = value
+            self.__type_params__ = type_params
+
+            default_value_encountered = False
+            parameters = []
+            for type_param in type_params:
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(type_param, (TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec))
+                    # <=3.11
+                    # Unpack Backport passes isinstance(type_param, TypeVar)
+                    or _is_unpack(type_param)
+                ):
+                    raise TypeError(f"Expected a type param, got {type_param!r}")
+                has_default = (
+                    getattr(type_param, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                )
+                if default_value_encountered and not has_default:
+                    raise TypeError(f"non-default type parameter '{type_param!r}'"
+                                    " follows default type parameter")
+                if has_default:
+                    default_value_encountered = True
+                if isinstance(type_param, TypeVarTuple):
+                    parameters.extend(type_param)
+                else:
+                    parameters.append(type_param)
+            self.__parameters__ = tuple(parameters)
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+            # Setting this attribute closes the TypeAliasType from further modification
+            self.__name__ = name
+
+        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: object, /) -> None:
+            if hasattr(self, "__name__"):
+                self._raise_attribute_error(name)
+            super().__setattr__(name, value)
+
+        def __delattr__(self, name: str, /) -> Never:
+            self._raise_attribute_error(name)
+
+        def _raise_attribute_error(self, name: str) -> Never:
+            # Match the Python 3.12 error messages exactly
+            if name == "__name__":
+                raise AttributeError("readonly attribute")
+            elif name in {"__value__", "__type_params__", "__parameters__", "__module__"}:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"attribute '{name}' of 'typing.TypeAliasType' objects "
+                    "is not writable"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"'typing.TypeAliasType' object has no attribute '{name}'"
+                )
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return self.__name__
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            def _check_single_param(self, param, recursion=0):
+                # Allow [], [int], [int, str], [int, ...], [int, T]
+                if param is ...:
+                    return ...
+                if param is None:
+                    return None
+                # Note in <= 3.9 _ConcatenateGenericAlias inherits from list
+                if isinstance(param, list) and recursion == 0:
+                    return [self._check_single_param(arg, recursion+1)
+                            for arg in param]
+                return typing._type_check(
+                        param, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                    )
+
+        def _check_parameters(self, parameters):
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+                return tuple(
+                    self._check_single_param(item)
+                    for item in parameters
+                )
+            return tuple(typing._type_check(
+                        item, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                    )
+                    for item in parameters
+            )
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not self.__type_params__:
+                raise TypeError("Only generic type aliases are subscriptable")
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+            # Using 3.9 here will create problems with Concatenate
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+                return _types.GenericAlias(self, parameters)
+            type_vars = _collect_type_vars(parameters)
+            parameters = self._check_parameters(parameters)
+            alias = _TypeAliasGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+            # alias.__parameters__ is not complete if Concatenate is present
+            # as it is converted to a list from which no parameters are extracted.
+            if alias.__parameters__ != type_vars:
+                alias.__parameters__ = type_vars
+            return alias
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "type 'typing_extensions.TypeAliasType' is not an acceptable base type"
+            )
+
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that TypeAliasTypes are types.
+        def __call__(self):
+            raise TypeError("Type alias is not callable")
+
+        # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21515
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def __or__(self, right):
+                # For forward compatibility with 3.12, reject Unions
+                # that are not accepted by the built-in Union.
+                if not _is_unionable(right):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[self, right]
+
+            def __ror__(self, left):
+                if not _is_unionable(left):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[left, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "is_protocol"):
+    is_protocol = typing.is_protocol
+    get_protocol_members = typing.get_protocol_members
+else:
+    def is_protocol(tp: type, /) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the given type is a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, is_protocol
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> is_protocol(P)
+            True
+            >>> is_protocol(int)
+            False
+        """
+        return (
+            isinstance(tp, type)
+            and getattr(tp, '_is_protocol', False)
+            and tp is not Protocol
+            and tp is not typing.Protocol
+        )
+
+    def get_protocol_members(tp: type, /) -> typing.FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Return the set of members defined in a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, get_protocol_members
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> get_protocol_members(P)
+            frozenset({'a', 'b'})
+
+        Raise a TypeError for arguments that are not Protocols.
+        """
+        if not is_protocol(tp):
+            raise TypeError(f'{tp!r} is not a Protocol')
+        if hasattr(tp, '__protocol_attrs__'):
+            return frozenset(tp.__protocol_attrs__)
+        return frozenset(_get_protocol_attrs(tp))
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Doc"):
+    Doc = typing.Doc
+else:
+    class Doc:
+        """Define the documentation of a type annotation using ``Annotated``, to be
+         used in class attributes, function and method parameters, return values,
+         and variables.
+
+        The value should be a positional-only string literal to allow static tools
+        like editors and documentation generators to use it.
+
+        This complements docstrings.
+
+        The string value passed is available in the attribute ``documentation``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc
+            >>> def hi(to: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None: ...
+        """
+        def __init__(self, documentation: str, /) -> None:
+            self.documentation = documentation
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return f"Doc({self.documentation!r})"
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(self.documentation)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+            if not isinstance(other, Doc):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.documentation == other.documentation
+
+
+_CapsuleType = getattr(_types, "CapsuleType", None)
+
+if _CapsuleType is None:
+    try:
+        import _socket
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        _CAPI = getattr(_socket, "CAPI", None)
+        if _CAPI is not None:
+            _CapsuleType = type(_CAPI)
+
+if _CapsuleType is not None:
+    CapsuleType = _CapsuleType
+    __all__.append("CapsuleType")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from annotationlib import Format, get_annotations
+else:
+    # Available since Python 3.14.0a3
+    # PR: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/124415
+    class Format(enum.IntEnum):
+        VALUE = 1
+        VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS = 2
+        FORWARDREF = 3
+        STRING = 4
+
+    # Available since Python 3.14.0a1
+    # PR: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119891
+    def get_annotations(obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False,
+                        format=Format.VALUE):
+        """Compute the annotations dict for an object.
+
+        obj may be a callable, class, or module.
+        Passing in an object of any other type raises TypeError.
+
+        Returns a dict.  get_annotations() returns a new dict every time
+        it's called; calling it twice on the same object will return two
+        different but equivalent dicts.
+
+        This is a backport of `inspect.get_annotations`, which has been
+        in the standard library since Python 3.10. See the standard library
+        documentation for more:
+
+            https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#inspect.get_annotations
+
+        This backport adds the *format* argument introduced by PEP 649. The
+        three formats supported are:
+        * VALUE: the annotations are returned as-is. This is the default and
+          it is compatible with the behavior on previous Python versions.
+        * FORWARDREF: return annotations as-is if possible, but replace any
+          undefined names with ForwardRef objects. The implementation proposed by
+          PEP 649 relies on language changes that cannot be backported; the
+          typing-extensions implementation simply returns the same result as VALUE.
+        * STRING: return annotations as strings, in a format close to the original
+          source. Again, this behavior cannot be replicated directly in a backport.
+          As an approximation, typing-extensions retrieves the annotations under
+          VALUE semantics and then stringifies them.
+
+        The purpose of this backport is to allow users who would like to use
+        FORWARDREF or STRING semantics once PEP 649 is implemented, but who also
+        want to support earlier Python versions, to simply write:
+
+            typing_extensions.get_annotations(obj, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+
+        """
+        format = Format(format)
+        if format is Format.VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS format is for internal use only"
+            )
+
+        if eval_str and format is not Format.VALUE:
+            raise ValueError("eval_str=True is only supported with format=Format.VALUE")
+
+        if isinstance(obj, type):
+            # class
+            obj_dict = getattr(obj, '__dict__', None)
+            if obj_dict and hasattr(obj_dict, 'get'):
+                ann = obj_dict.get('__annotations__', None)
+                if isinstance(ann, _types.GetSetDescriptorType):
+                    ann = None
+            else:
+                ann = None
+
+            obj_globals = None
+            module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
+            if module_name:
+                module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
+                if module:
+                    obj_globals = getattr(module, '__dict__', None)
+            obj_locals = dict(vars(obj))
+            unwrap = obj
+        elif isinstance(obj, _types.ModuleType):
+            # module
+            ann = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
+            obj_globals = obj.__dict__
+            obj_locals = None
+            unwrap = None
+        elif callable(obj):
+            # this includes types.Function, types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+            # types.BuiltinMethodType, functools.partial, functools.singledispatch,
+            # "class funclike" from Lib/test/test_inspect... on and on it goes.
+            ann = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
+            obj_globals = getattr(obj, '__globals__', None)
+            obj_locals = None
+            unwrap = obj
+        elif hasattr(obj, '__annotations__'):
+            ann = obj.__annotations__
+            obj_globals = obj_locals = unwrap = None
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"{obj!r} is not a module, class, or callable.")
+
+        if ann is None:
+            return {}
+
+        if not isinstance(ann, dict):
+            raise ValueError(f"{obj!r}.__annotations__ is neither a dict nor None")
+
+        if not ann:
+            return {}
+
+        if not eval_str:
+            if format is Format.STRING:
+                return {
+                    key: value if isinstance(value, str) else typing._type_repr(value)
+                    for key, value in ann.items()
+                }
+            return dict(ann)
+
+        if unwrap is not None:
+            while True:
+                if hasattr(unwrap, '__wrapped__'):
+                    unwrap = unwrap.__wrapped__
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(unwrap, functools.partial):
+                    unwrap = unwrap.func
+                    continue
+                break
+            if hasattr(unwrap, "__globals__"):
+                obj_globals = unwrap.__globals__
+
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = obj_globals
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = obj_locals or {}
+
+        # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
+        # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
+        # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
+        if type_params := getattr(obj, "__type_params__", ()):
+            locals = {param.__name__: param for param in type_params} | locals
+
+        return_value = {key:
+            value if not isinstance(value, str) else eval(value, globals, locals)
+            for key, value in ann.items() }
+        return return_value
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "evaluate_forward_ref"):
+    evaluate_forward_ref = typing.evaluate_forward_ref
+else:
+    # Implements annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate
+    def _eval_with_owner(
+        forward_ref, *, owner=None, globals=None, locals=None, type_params=None
+    ):
+        if forward_ref.__forward_evaluated__:
+            return forward_ref.__forward_value__
+        if getattr(forward_ref, "__cell__", None) is not None:
+            try:
+                value = forward_ref.__cell__.cell_contents
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                forward_ref.__forward_evaluated__ = True
+                forward_ref.__forward_value__ = value
+                return value
+        if owner is None:
+            owner = getattr(forward_ref, "__owner__", None)
+
+        if (
+            globals is None
+            and getattr(forward_ref, "__forward_module__", None) is not None
+        ):
+            globals = getattr(
+                sys.modules.get(forward_ref.__forward_module__, None), "__dict__", None
+            )
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = getattr(forward_ref, "__globals__", None)
+        if globals is None:
+            if isinstance(owner, type):
+                module_name = getattr(owner, "__module__", None)
+                if module_name:
+                    module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
+                    if module:
+                        globals = getattr(module, "__dict__", None)
+            elif isinstance(owner, _types.ModuleType):
+                globals = getattr(owner, "__dict__", None)
+            elif callable(owner):
+                globals = getattr(owner, "__globals__", None)
+
+        # If we pass None to eval() below, the globals of this module are used.
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = {}
+
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = {}
+            if isinstance(owner, type):
+                locals.update(vars(owner))
+
+        if type_params is None and owner is not None:
+            # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
+            # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
+            # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
+            type_params = getattr(owner, "__type_params__", None)
+
+        # Type parameters exist in their own scope, which is logically
+        # between the locals and the globals. We simulate this by adding
+        # them to the globals.
+        if type_params is not None:
+            globals = dict(globals)
+            for param in type_params:
+                globals[param.__name__] = param
+
+        arg = forward_ref.__forward_arg__
+        if arg.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(arg):
+            if arg in locals:
+                value = locals[arg]
+            elif arg in globals:
+                value = globals[arg]
+            elif hasattr(builtins, arg):
+                return getattr(builtins, arg)
+            else:
+                raise NameError(arg)
+        else:
+            code = forward_ref.__forward_code__
+            value = eval(code, globals, locals)
+        forward_ref.__forward_evaluated__ = True
+        forward_ref.__forward_value__ = value
+        return value
+
+    def evaluate_forward_ref(
+        forward_ref,
+        *,
+        owner=None,
+        globals=None,
+        locals=None,
+        type_params=None,
+        format=None,
+        _recursive_guard=frozenset(),
+    ):
+        """Evaluate a forward reference as a type hint.
+
+        This is similar to calling the ForwardRef.evaluate() method,
+        but unlike that method, evaluate_forward_ref() also:
+
+        * Recursively evaluates forward references nested within the type hint.
+        * Rejects certain objects that are not valid type hints.
+        * Replaces type hints that evaluate to None with types.NoneType.
+        * Supports the *FORWARDREF* and *STRING* formats.
+
+        *forward_ref* must be an instance of ForwardRef. *owner*, if given,
+        should be the object that holds the annotations that the forward reference
+        derived from, such as a module, class object, or function. It is used to
+        infer the namespaces to use for looking up names. *globals* and *locals*
+        can also be explicitly given to provide the global and local namespaces.
+        *type_params* is a tuple of type parameters that are in scope when
+        evaluating the forward reference. This parameter must be provided (though
+        it may be an empty tuple) if *owner* is not given and the forward reference
+        does not already have an owner set. *format* specifies the format of the
+        annotation and is a member of the annotationlib.Format enum.
+
+        """
+        if format == Format.STRING:
+            return forward_ref.__forward_arg__
+        if forward_ref.__forward_arg__ in _recursive_guard:
+            return forward_ref
+
+        # Evaluate the forward reference
+        try:
+            value = _eval_with_owner(
+                forward_ref,
+                owner=owner,
+                globals=globals,
+                locals=locals,
+                type_params=type_params,
+            )
+        except NameError:
+            if format == Format.FORWARDREF:
+                return forward_ref
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = ForwardRef(value)
+
+        # Recursively evaluate the type
+        if isinstance(value, ForwardRef):
+            if getattr(value, "__forward_module__", True) is not None:
+                globals = None
+            return evaluate_forward_ref(
+                value,
+                globals=globals,
+                locals=locals,
+                 type_params=type_params, owner=owner,
+                _recursive_guard=_recursive_guard, format=format
+            )
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12, 5) and type_params:
+            # Make use of type_params
+            locals = dict(locals) if locals else {}
+            for tvar in type_params:
+                if tvar.__name__ not in locals:  # lets not overwrite something present
+                    locals[tvar.__name__] = tvar
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12, 5):
+            return typing._eval_type(
+                value,
+                globals,
+                locals,
+                recursive_guard=_recursive_guard | {forward_ref.__forward_arg__},
+            )
+        else:
+            return typing._eval_type(
+                value,
+                globals,
+                locals,
+                type_params,
+                recursive_guard=_recursive_guard | {forward_ref.__forward_arg__},
+            )
+
+
+class Sentinel:
+    """Create a unique sentinel object.
+
+    *name* should be the name of the variable to which the return value shall be assigned.
+
+    *repr*, if supplied, will be used for the repr of the sentinel object.
+    If not provided, "<name>" will be used.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        repr: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._repr = repr if repr is not None else f'<{name}>'
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._repr
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that Sentinels are types.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__!r} object is not callable")
+
+    # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21515
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        def __or__(self, other):
+            return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+        def __ror__(self, other):
+            return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot pickle {type(self).__name__!r} object")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14, 0, "beta"):
+    type_repr = annotationlib.type_repr
+else:
+    def type_repr(value):
+        """Convert a Python value to a format suitable for use with the STRING format.
+
+        This is intended as a helper for tools that support the STRING format but do
+        not have access to the code that originally produced the annotations. It uses
+        repr() for most objects.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, (type, _types.FunctionType, _types.BuiltinFunctionType)):
+            if value.__module__ == "builtins":
+                return value.__qualname__
+            return f"{value.__module__}.{value.__qualname__}"
+        if value is ...:
+            return "..."
+        return repr(value)
+
+
+# Aliases for items that are in typing in all supported versions.
+# We use hasattr() checks so this library will continue to import on
+# future versions of Python that may remove these names.
+_typing_names = [
+    "AbstractSet",
+    "AnyStr",
+    "BinaryIO",
+    "Callable",
+    "Collection",
+    "Container",
+    "Dict",
+    "FrozenSet",
+    "Hashable",
+    "IO",
+    "ItemsView",
+    "Iterable",
+    "Iterator",
+    "KeysView",
+    "List",
+    "Mapping",
+    "MappingView",
+    "Match",
+    "MutableMapping",
+    "MutableSequence",
+    "MutableSet",
+    "Optional",
+    "Pattern",
+    "Reversible",
+    "Sequence",
+    "Set",
+    "Sized",
+    "TextIO",
+    "Tuple",
+    "Union",
+    "ValuesView",
+    "cast",
+    "no_type_check",
+    "no_type_check_decorator",
+    # This is private, but it was defined by typing_extensions for a long time
+    # and some users rely on it.
+    "_AnnotatedAlias",
+]
+globals().update(
+    {name: getattr(typing, name) for name in _typing_names if hasattr(typing, name)}
+)
+# These are defined unconditionally because they are used in
+# typing-extensions itself.
+Generic = typing.Generic
+ForwardRef = typing.ForwardRef
+Annotated = typing.Annotated
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0eba85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: typing-inspection
+Version: 0.4.2
+Summary: Runtime typing introspection tools
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pydantic.github.io/typing-inspection/dev/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection/blob/main/HISTORY.md
+Author-email: Victorien Plot <contact@vctrn.dev>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.12.0
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# typing-inspection
+
+[![CI](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pydantic/typing-inspection/ci.yml?branch=main&logo=github&label=CI)](https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
+[![Coverage](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/pydantic/typing-inspection.svg)](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/pydantic/typing-inspection)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/typing-inspection.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/typing-inspection/)
+[![Versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/typing-inspection.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection)
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/pydantic/typing-inspection.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
+
+`typing-inspection` provides tools to inspect type annotations at runtime.
+
+## Installation
+
+From [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/typing-inspection/):
+
+```bash
+pip install typing-inspection
+```
+
+The library can be imported from the `typing_inspection` module.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c67483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=YQls0L_jxwQLb5jCKwLRkP4Bk20P92FsUTT-0CiRlTo,2552
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=qtCwoSJWgHk21S1Kb4ihdzI2rlJ1ZKaIurTj_ngOhyQ,87
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=gEtZsl8sMb0nj5ICoZrkmjlFqiZkOH4tChKMfKzGHsM,1090
+typing_inspection/__init__.py,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+typing_inspection/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_inspection/__pycache__/introspection.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_inspection/__pycache__/typing_objects.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_inspection/introspection.py,sha256=dD5Ad4J6hAfF6UBzBO4sqSs1h2ybQVThkQofLWWVBP0,22534
+typing_inspection/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+typing_inspection/typing_objects.py,sha256=kajVgh8J7UZ7wTidVxzFMpjwSnFGBoDoTqfVAAvOHZ8,17166
+typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi,sha256=u1NDpl_RJFnAUMAMx-WBd0SBKwVG7luLEc8ukSvRnZs,9401
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12228d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.27.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e825ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) Pydantic Services Inc. 2025 to present
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/introspection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/introspection.py
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/introspection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+"""High-level introspection utilities, used to inspect type annotations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from dataclasses import InitVar
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum, auto
+from typing import Any, Literal, NamedTuple, cast
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, assert_never, get_args, get_origin
+
+from . import typing_objects
+
+__all__ = (
+    'AnnotationSource',
+    'ForbiddenQualifier',
+    'InspectedAnnotation',
+    'Qualifier',
+    'get_literal_values',
+    'inspect_annotation',
+    'is_union_origin',
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) or sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+
+    def is_union_origin(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the provided origin is the union form.
+
+        ```pycon
+        >>> is_union_origin(typing.Union)
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(get_origin(int | str))
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(types.UnionType)
+        True
+        ```
+
+        !!! note
+            Since Python 3.14, both `Union[<t1>, <t2>, ...]` and `<t1> | <t2> | ...` forms create instances
+            of the same [`typing.Union`][] class. As such, it is recommended to not use this function
+            anymore (provided that you only support Python 3.14 or greater), and instead use the
+            [`typing_objects.is_union()`][typing_inspection.typing_objects.is_union] function directly:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Union, get_origin
+
+            from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+            typ = int | str  # Or Union[int, str]
+            origin = get_origin(typ)
+            if typing_objects.is_union(origin):
+                ...
+            ```
+        """
+        return typing_objects.is_union(obj)
+
+
+else:
+
+    def is_union_origin(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the provided origin is the union form.
+
+        ```pycon
+        >>> is_union_origin(typing.Union)
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(get_origin(int | str))
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(types.UnionType)
+        True
+        ```
+
+        !!! note
+            Since Python 3.14, both `Union[<t1>, <t2>, ...]` and `<t1> | <t2> | ...` forms create instances
+            of the same [`typing.Union`][] class. As such, it is recommended to not use this function
+            anymore (provided that you only support Python 3.14 or greater), and instead use the
+            [`typing_objects.is_union()`][typing_inspection.typing_objects.is_union] function directly:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Union, get_origin
+
+            from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+            typ = int | str  # Or Union[int, str]
+            origin = get_origin(typ)
+            if typing_objects.is_union(origin):
+                ...
+            ```
+        """
+        return typing_objects.is_union(obj) or obj is types.UnionType
+
+
+def _literal_type_check(value: Any, /) -> None:
+    """Type check the provided literal value against the legal parameters."""
+    if (
+        not isinstance(value, (int, bytes, str, bool, Enum, typing_objects.NoneType))
+        and value is not typing_objects.NoneType
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(f'{value} is not a valid literal value, must be one of: int, bytes, str, Enum, None.')
+
+
+def get_literal_values(
+    annotation: Any,
+    /,
+    *,
+    type_check: bool = False,
+    unpack_type_aliases: Literal['skip', 'lenient', 'eager'] = 'eager',
+) -> Generator[Any]:
+    """Yield the values contained in the provided [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][].
+
+    Args:
+        annotation: The [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][] to unpack.
+        type_check: Whether to check if the literal values are [legal parameters][literal-legal-parameters].
+            Raises a [`TypeError`][] otherwise.
+        unpack_type_aliases: What to do when encountering [PEP 695](https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/)
+            [type aliases][type-aliases]. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'skip'`: Do not try to parse type aliases. Note that this can lead to incorrect results:
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyAlias = Literal[1, 2]
+              >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[MyAlias, 3], unpack_type_aliases="skip"))
+              [MyAlias, 3]
+              ```
+
+            - `'lenient'`: Try to parse type aliases, and fallback to `'skip'` if the type alias can't be inspected
+              (because of an undefined forward reference).
+
+            - `'eager'`: Parse type aliases and raise any encountered [`NameError`][] exceptions (the default):
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyAlias = Literal[1, 2]
+              >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[MyAlias, 3], unpack_type_aliases="eager"))
+              [1, 2, 3]
+              ```
+
+    Note:
+        While `None` is [equivalent to][none] `type(None)`, the runtime implementation of [`Literal`][typing.Literal]
+        does not de-duplicate them. This function makes sure this de-duplication is applied:
+
+        ```pycon
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[NoneType, None]))
+        [None]
+        ```
+
+    Example:
+        ```pycon
+        >>> type Ints = Literal[1, 2]
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[1, Ints], unpack_type_alias="skip"))
+        ["a", Ints]
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[1, Ints]))
+        [1, 2]
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[1.0], type_check=True))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: 1.0 is not a valid literal value, must be one of: int, bytes, str, Enum, None.
+        ```
+    """
+    # `literal` is guaranteed to be a `Literal[...]` special form, so use
+    # `__args__` directly instead of calling `get_args()`.
+
+    if unpack_type_aliases == 'skip':
+        _has_none = False
+        # `Literal` parameters are already deduplicated, no need to do it ourselves.
+        # (we only check for `None` and `NoneType`, which should be considered as duplicates).
+        for arg in annotation.__args__:
+            if type_check:
+                _literal_type_check(arg)
+            if arg is None or arg is typing_objects.NoneType:
+                if not _has_none:
+                    yield None
+                _has_none = True
+            else:
+                yield arg
+    else:
+        # We'll need to manually deduplicate parameters, see the `Literal` implementation in `typing`.
+        values_and_type: list[tuple[Any, type[Any]]] = []
+
+        for arg in annotation.__args__:
+            # Note: we could also check for generic aliases with a type alias as an origin.
+            # However, it is very unlikely that this happens as type variables can't appear in
+            # `Literal` forms, so the only valid (but unnecessary) use case would be something like:
+            # `type Test[T] = Literal['a']` (and then use `Test[SomeType]`).
+            if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(arg):
+                try:
+                    alias_value = arg.__value__
+                except NameError:
+                    if unpack_type_aliases == 'eager':
+                        raise
+                    # unpack_type_aliases == "lenient":
+                    if type_check:
+                        _literal_type_check(arg)
+                    values_and_type.append((arg, type(arg)))
+                else:
+                    sub_args = get_literal_values(
+                        alias_value, type_check=type_check, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases
+                    )
+                    values_and_type.extend((a, type(a)) for a in sub_args)  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+            else:
+                if type_check:
+                    _literal_type_check(arg)
+                if arg is typing_objects.NoneType:
+                    values_and_type.append((None, typing_objects.NoneType))
+                else:
+                    values_and_type.append((arg, type(arg)))  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+
+        try:
+            dct = dict.fromkeys(values_and_type)
+        except TypeError:
+            # Unhashable parameters, the Python implementation allows them
+            yield from (p for p, _ in values_and_type)
+        else:
+            yield from (p for p, _ in dct)
+
+
+Qualifier: TypeAlias = Literal['required', 'not_required', 'read_only', 'class_var', 'init_var', 'final']
+"""A [type qualifier][]."""
+
+_all_qualifiers: set[Qualifier] = set(get_args(Qualifier))
+
+
+# TODO at some point, we could switch to an enum flag, so that multiple sources
+# can be combined. However, is there a need for this?
+class AnnotationSource(IntEnum):
+    # TODO if/when https://peps.python.org/pep-0767/ is accepted, add 'read_only'
+    # to CLASS and NAMED_TUPLE (even though for named tuples it is redundant).
+
+    """The source of an annotation, e.g. a class or a function.
+
+    Depending on the source, different [type qualifiers][type qualifier] may be (dis)allowed.
+    """
+
+    ASSIGNMENT_OR_VARIABLE = auto()
+    """An annotation used in an assignment or variable annotation:
+
+    ```python
+    x: Final[int] = 1
+    y: Final[str]
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`Final`][typing.Final].
+    """
+
+    CLASS = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a class:
+
+    ```python
+    class Test:
+        x: Final[int] = 1
+        y: ClassVar[str]
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar], [`Final`][typing.Final].
+    """
+
+    DATACLASS = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a dataclass:
+
+    ```python
+    @dataclass
+    class Test:
+        x: Final[int] = 1
+        y: InitVar[str] = 'test'
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar], [`Final`][typing.Final], [`InitVar`][dataclasses.InitVar].
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    TYPED_DICT = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a [`TypedDict`][typing.TypedDict]:
+
+    ```python
+    class TD(TypedDict):
+        x: Required[ReadOnly[int]]
+        y: ReadOnly[NotRequired[str]]
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`ReadOnly`][typing.ReadOnly], [`Required`][typing.Required],
+    [`NotRequired`][typing.NotRequired].
+    """
+
+    NAMED_TUPLE = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a [`NamedTuple`][typing.NamedTuple].
+
+    ```python
+    class NT(NamedTuple):
+        x: int
+        y: str
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** none.
+    """
+
+    FUNCTION = auto()
+    """An annotation used in a function, either for a parameter or the return value.
+
+    ```python
+    def func(a: int) -> str:
+        ...
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** none.
+    """
+
+    ANY = auto()
+    """An annotation that might come from any source.
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** all.
+    """
+
+    BARE = auto()
+    """An annotation that is inspected as is.
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** none.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def allowed_qualifiers(self) -> set[Qualifier]:
+        """The allowed [type qualifiers][type qualifier] for this annotation source."""
+        # TODO use a match statement when Python 3.9 support is dropped.
+        if self is AnnotationSource.ASSIGNMENT_OR_VARIABLE:
+            return {'final'}
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.CLASS:
+            return {'final', 'class_var'}
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.DATACLASS:
+            return {'final', 'class_var', 'init_var'}
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.TYPED_DICT:
+            return {'required', 'not_required', 'read_only'}
+        elif self in (AnnotationSource.NAMED_TUPLE, AnnotationSource.FUNCTION, AnnotationSource.BARE):
+            return set()
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.ANY:
+            return _all_qualifiers
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            assert_never(self)
+
+
+class ForbiddenQualifier(Exception):
+    """The provided [type qualifier][] is forbidden."""
+
+    qualifier: Qualifier
+    """The forbidden qualifier."""
+
+    def __init__(self, qualifier: Qualifier, /) -> None:
+        self.qualifier = qualifier
+
+
+class _UnknownTypeEnum(Enum):
+    UNKNOWN = auto()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return '<UNKNOWN>'
+
+
+UNKNOWN = _UnknownTypeEnum.UNKNOWN
+"""A sentinel value used when no [type expression][] is present."""
+
+_UnkownType: TypeAlias = Literal[_UnknownTypeEnum.UNKNOWN]
+"""The type of the [`UNKNOWN`][typing_inspection.introspection.UNKNOWN] sentinel value."""
+
+
+class InspectedAnnotation(NamedTuple):
+    """The result of the inspected annotation."""
+
+    type: Any | _UnkownType
+    """The final [type expression][], with [type qualifiers][type qualifier] and annotated metadata stripped.
+
+    If no type expression is available, the [`UNKNOWN`][typing_inspection.introspection.UNKNOWN] sentinel
+    value is used instead. This is the case when a [type qualifier][] is used with no type annotation:
+
+    ```python
+    ID: Final = 1
+
+    class C:
+        x: ClassVar = 'test'
+    ```
+    """
+
+    qualifiers: set[Qualifier]
+    """The [type qualifiers][type qualifier] present on the annotation."""
+
+    metadata: list[Any]
+    """The annotated metadata."""
+
+
+def inspect_annotation(  # noqa: PLR0915
+    annotation: Any,
+    /,
+    *,
+    annotation_source: AnnotationSource,
+    unpack_type_aliases: Literal['skip', 'lenient', 'eager'] = 'skip',
+) -> InspectedAnnotation:
+    """Inspect an [annotation expression][], extracting any [type qualifier][] and metadata.
+
+    An [annotation expression][] is a [type expression][] optionally surrounded by one or more
+    [type qualifiers][type qualifier] or by [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated]. This function will:
+
+    - Unwrap the type expression, keeping track of the type qualifiers.
+    - Unwrap [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] forms, keeping track of the annotated metadata.
+
+    Args:
+        annotation: The annotation expression to be inspected.
+        annotation_source: The source of the annotation. Depending on the source (e.g. a class), different type
+            qualifiers may be (dis)allowed. To allow any type qualifier, use
+            [`AnnotationSource.ANY`][typing_inspection.introspection.AnnotationSource.ANY].
+        unpack_type_aliases: What to do when encountering [PEP 695](https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/)
+            [type aliases][type-aliases]. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'skip'`: Do not try to parse type aliases (the default):
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyInt = Annotated[int, 'meta']
+              >>> inspect_annotation(MyInt, annotation_source=AnnotationSource.BARE, unpack_type_aliases='skip')
+              InspectedAnnotation(type=MyInt, qualifiers={}, metadata=[])
+              ```
+
+            - `'lenient'`: Try to parse type aliases, and fallback to `'skip'` if the type alias
+              can't be inspected (because of an undefined forward reference):
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyInt = Annotated[Undefined, 'meta']
+              >>> inspect_annotation(MyInt, annotation_source=AnnotationSource.BARE, unpack_type_aliases='lenient')
+              InspectedAnnotation(type=MyInt, qualifiers={}, metadata=[])
+              >>> Undefined = int
+              >>> inspect_annotation(MyInt, annotation_source=AnnotationSource.BARE, unpack_type_aliases='lenient')
+              InspectedAnnotation(type=int, qualifiers={}, metadata=['meta'])
+              ```
+
+            - `'eager'`: Parse type aliases and raise any encountered [`NameError`][] exceptions.
+
+    Returns:
+        The result of the inspected annotation, where the type expression, used qualifiers and metadata is stored.
+
+    Example:
+        ```pycon
+        >>> inspect_annotation(
+        ...     Final[Annotated[ClassVar[Annotated[int, 'meta_1']], 'meta_2']],
+        ...     annotation_source=AnnotationSource.CLASS,
+        ... )
+        ...
+        InspectedAnnotation(type=int, qualifiers={'class_var', 'final'}, metadata=['meta_1', 'meta_2'])
+        ```
+    """
+    allowed_qualifiers = annotation_source.allowed_qualifiers
+    qualifiers: set[Qualifier] = set()
+    metadata: list[Any] = []
+
+    while True:
+        annotation, _meta = _unpack_annotated(annotation, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases)
+        if _meta:
+            metadata = _meta + metadata
+            continue
+
+        origin = get_origin(annotation)
+        if origin is not None:
+            if typing_objects.is_classvar(origin):
+                if 'class_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('class_var')
+                qualifiers.add('class_var')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_final(origin):
+                if 'final' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('final')
+                qualifiers.add('final')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_required(origin):
+                if 'required' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('required')
+                qualifiers.add('required')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_notrequired(origin):
+                if 'not_required' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('not_required')
+                qualifiers.add('not_required')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_readonly(origin):
+                if 'read_only' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('not_required')
+                qualifiers.add('read_only')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            else:
+                # origin is not None but not a type qualifier nor `Annotated` (e.g. `list[int]`):
+                break
+        elif isinstance(annotation, InitVar):
+            if 'init_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                raise ForbiddenQualifier('init_var')
+            qualifiers.add('init_var')
+            annotation = cast(Any, annotation.type)
+        else:
+            break
+
+    # `Final`, `ClassVar` and `InitVar` are type qualifiers allowed to be used as a bare annotation:
+    if typing_objects.is_final(annotation):
+        if 'final' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+            raise ForbiddenQualifier('final')
+        qualifiers.add('final')
+        annotation = UNKNOWN
+    elif typing_objects.is_classvar(annotation):
+        if 'class_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+            raise ForbiddenQualifier('class_var')
+        qualifiers.add('class_var')
+        annotation = UNKNOWN
+    elif annotation is InitVar:
+        if 'init_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+            raise ForbiddenQualifier('init_var')
+        qualifiers.add('init_var')
+        annotation = UNKNOWN
+
+    return InspectedAnnotation(annotation, qualifiers, metadata)
+
+
+def _unpack_annotated_inner(
+    annotation: Any, unpack_type_aliases: Literal['lenient', 'eager'], check_annotated: bool
+) -> tuple[Any, list[Any]]:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if check_annotated and typing_objects.is_annotated(origin):
+        annotated_type = annotation.__origin__
+        metadata = list(annotation.__metadata__)
+
+        # The annotated type might be a PEP 695 type alias, so we need to recursively
+        # unpack it. Because Python already flattens `Annotated[Annotated[<type>, ...], ...]` forms,
+        # we can skip the `is_annotated()` check in the next call:
+        annotated_type, sub_meta = _unpack_annotated_inner(
+            annotated_type, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=False
+        )
+        metadata = sub_meta + metadata
+        return annotated_type, metadata
+    elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(annotation):
+        try:
+            value = annotation.__value__
+        except NameError:
+            if unpack_type_aliases == 'eager':
+                raise
+        else:
+            typ, metadata = _unpack_annotated_inner(
+                value, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=True
+            )
+            if metadata:
+                # Having metadata means the type alias' `__value__` was an `Annotated` form
+                # (or, recursively, a type alias to an `Annotated` form). It is important to check
+                # for this, as we don't want to unpack other type aliases (e.g. `type MyInt = int`).
+                return typ, metadata
+            return annotation, []
+    elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(origin):
+        # When parameterized, PEP 695 type aliases become generic aliases
+        # (e.g. with `type MyList[T] = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, `MyList[int]`
+        # is a generic alias).
+        try:
+            value = origin.__value__
+        except NameError:
+            if unpack_type_aliases == 'eager':
+                raise
+        else:
+            # While Python already handles type variable replacement for simple `Annotated` forms,
+            # we need to manually apply the same logic for PEP 695 type aliases:
+            # - With `MyList = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, `MyList[int] == Annotated[list[int], ...]`
+            # - With `type MyList[T] = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, `MyList[int].__value__ == Annotated[list[T], ...]`.
+
+            try:
+                # To do so, we emulate the parameterization of the value with the arguments:
+                # with `type MyList[T] = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, to emulate `MyList[int]`,
+                # we do `Annotated[list[T], ...][int]` (which gives `Annotated[list[T], ...]`):
+                value = value[annotation.__args__]
+            except TypeError:
+                # Might happen if the type alias is parameterized, but its value doesn't have any
+                # type variables, e.g. `type MyInt[T] = int`.
+                pass
+            typ, metadata = _unpack_annotated_inner(
+                value, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=True
+            )
+            if metadata:
+                return typ, metadata
+            return annotation, []
+
+    return annotation, []
+
+
+# This could eventually be made public:
+def _unpack_annotated(
+    annotation: Any, /, *, unpack_type_aliases: Literal['skip', 'lenient', 'eager'] = 'eager'
+) -> tuple[Any, list[Any]]:
+    if unpack_type_aliases == 'skip':
+        if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(annotation)):
+            return annotation.__origin__, list(annotation.__metadata__)
+        else:
+            return annotation, []
+
+    return _unpack_annotated_inner(annotation, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=True)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc44ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.py
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+"""Low-level introspection utilities for [`typing`][] members.
+
+The provided functions in this module check against both the [`typing`][] and [`typing_extensions`][]
+variants, if they exists and are different.
+"""
+# ruff: noqa: UP006
+
+import collections.abc
+import contextlib
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from textwrap import dedent
+from types import FunctionType, GenericAlias
+from typing import Any, Final
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_extensions import LiteralString, TypeAliasType, TypeIs, deprecated
+
+__all__ = (
+    'DEPRECATED_ALIASES',
+    'NoneType',
+    'is_annotated',
+    'is_any',
+    'is_classvar',
+    'is_concatenate',
+    'is_deprecated',
+    'is_final',
+    'is_forwardref',
+    'is_generic',
+    'is_literal',
+    'is_literalstring',
+    'is_namedtuple',
+    'is_never',
+    'is_newtype',
+    'is_nodefault',
+    'is_noextraitems',
+    'is_noreturn',
+    'is_notrequired',
+    'is_paramspec',
+    'is_paramspecargs',
+    'is_paramspeckwargs',
+    'is_readonly',
+    'is_required',
+    'is_self',
+    'is_typealias',
+    'is_typealiastype',
+    'is_typeguard',
+    'is_typeis',
+    'is_typevar',
+    'is_typevartuple',
+    'is_union',
+    'is_unpack',
+)
+
+_IS_PY310 = sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 10)
+
+
+def _compile_identity_check_function(member: LiteralString, function_name: LiteralString) -> FunctionType:
+    """Create a function checking that the function argument is the (unparameterized) typing `member`.
+
+    The function will make sure to check against both the `typing` and `typing_extensions`
+    variants as depending on the Python version, the `typing_extensions` variant might be different.
+    For instance, on Python 3.9:
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> from typing import Literal as t_Literal
+    >>> from typing_extensions import Literal as te_Literal, get_origin
+
+    >>> t_Literal is te_Literal
+    False
+    >>> get_origin(t_Literal[1])
+    typing.Literal
+    >>> get_origin(te_Literal[1])
+    typing_extensions.Literal
+    ```
+    """
+    in_typing = hasattr(typing, member)
+    in_typing_extensions = hasattr(typing_extensions, member)
+
+    if in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        if getattr(typing, member) is getattr(typing_extensions, member):
+            check_code = f'obj is typing.{member}'
+        else:
+            check_code = f'obj is typing.{member} or obj is typing_extensions.{member}'
+    elif in_typing and not in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'obj is typing.{member}'
+    elif not in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'obj is typing_extensions.{member}'
+    else:
+        check_code = 'False'
+
+    func_code = dedent(f"""
+    def {function_name}(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        return {check_code}
+    """)
+
+    locals_: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    globals_: dict[str, Any] = {'Any': Any, 'typing': typing, 'typing_extensions': typing_extensions}
+    exec(func_code, globals_, locals_)
+    return locals_[function_name]
+
+
+def _compile_isinstance_check_function(member: LiteralString, function_name: LiteralString) -> FunctionType:
+    """Create a function checking that the function is an instance of the typing `member`.
+
+    The function will make sure to check against both the `typing` and `typing_extensions`
+    variants as depending on the Python version, the `typing_extensions` variant might be different.
+    """
+    in_typing = hasattr(typing, member)
+    in_typing_extensions = hasattr(typing_extensions, member)
+
+    if in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        if getattr(typing, member) is getattr(typing_extensions, member):
+            check_code = f'isinstance(obj, typing.{member})'
+        else:
+            check_code = f'isinstance(obj, (typing.{member}, typing_extensions.{member}))'
+    elif in_typing and not in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'isinstance(obj, typing.{member})'
+    elif not in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'isinstance(obj, typing_extensions.{member})'
+    else:
+        check_code = 'False'
+
+    func_code = dedent(f"""
+    def {function_name}(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[{member}]':
+        return {check_code}
+    """)
+
+    locals_: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    globals_: dict[str, Any] = {'Any': Any, 'typing': typing, 'typing_extensions': typing_extensions}
+    exec(func_code, globals_, locals_)
+    return locals_[function_name]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from types import NoneType
+else:
+    NoneType = type(None)
+
+# Keep this ordered, as per `typing.__all__`:
+
+is_annotated = _compile_identity_check_function('Annotated', 'is_annotated')
+is_annotated.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_annotated(Annotated)
+True
+>>> is_annotated(Annotated[int, ...])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_any = _compile_identity_check_function('Any', 'is_any')
+is_any.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Any`][typing.Any] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_any(Any)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_classvar = _compile_identity_check_function('ClassVar', 'is_classvar')
+is_classvar.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar] [type qualifier][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_classvar(ClassVar)
+True
+>>> is_classvar(ClassVar[int])
+>>> False
+```
+"""
+
+is_concatenate = _compile_identity_check_function('Concatenate', 'is_concatenate')
+is_concatenate.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Concatenate`][typing.Concatenate] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_concatenate(Concatenate)
+True
+>>> is_concatenate(Concatenate[int, P])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_final = _compile_identity_check_function('Final', 'is_final')
+is_final.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Final`][typing.Final] [type qualifier][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_final(Final)
+True
+>>> is_final(Final[int])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+
+# Unlikely to have a different version in `typing-extensions`, but keep it consistent.
+# Also note that starting in 3.14, this is an alias to `annotationlib.ForwardRef`, but
+# accessing it from `typing` doesn't seem to be deprecated.
+is_forwardref = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ForwardRef', 'is_forwardref')
+is_forwardref.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ForwardRef`][typing.ForwardRef].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_forwardref(ForwardRef('T'))
+True
+```
+"""
+
+
+is_generic = _compile_identity_check_function('Generic', 'is_generic')
+is_generic.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Generic`][typing.Generic] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_generic(Generic)
+True
+>>> is_generic(Generic[T])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_literal = _compile_identity_check_function('Literal', 'is_literal')
+is_literal.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_literal(Literal)
+True
+>>> is_literal(Literal["a"])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+
+# `get_origin(Optional[int]) is Union`, so `is_optional()` isn't implemented.
+
+is_paramspec = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ParamSpec', 'is_paramspec')
+is_paramspec.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpec`][typing.ParamSpec].
+
+```pycon
+>>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+>>> is_paramspec(P)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+# Protocol?
+
+is_typevar = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeVar', 'is_typevar')
+is_typevar.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVar`][typing.TypeVar].
+
+```pycon
+>>> T = TypeVar('T')
+>>> is_typevar(T)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_typevartuple = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeVarTuple', 'is_typevartuple')
+is_typevartuple.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVarTuple`][typing.TypeVarTuple].
+
+```pycon
+>>> Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+>>> is_typevartuple(Ts)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_union = _compile_identity_check_function('Union', 'is_union')
+is_union.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Union`][typing.Union] [special form][].
+
+This function can also be used to check for the [`Optional`][typing.Optional] [special form][],
+as at runtime, `Optional[int]` is equivalent to `Union[int, None]`.
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_union(Union)
+True
+>>> is_union(Union[int, str])
+False
+```
+
+!!! warning
+    This does not check for unions using the [new syntax][types-union] (e.g. `int | str`).
+"""
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the argument is a named tuple type.
+
+    This includes [`NamedTuple`][typing.NamedTuple] subclasses and classes created from the
+    [`collections.namedtuple`][] factory function.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> class User(NamedTuple):
+    ...     name: str
+    ...
+    >>> is_namedtuple(User)
+    True
+    >>> City = collections.namedtuple('City', [])
+    >>> is_namedtuple(City)
+    True
+    >>> is_namedtuple(NamedTuple)
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, type) and issubclass(obj, tuple) and hasattr(obj, '_fields')  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+
+
+# TypedDict?
+
+# BinaryIO? IO? TextIO?
+
+is_literalstring = _compile_identity_check_function('LiteralString', 'is_literalstring')
+is_literalstring.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`LiteralString`][typing.LiteralString] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_literalstring(LiteralString)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_never = _compile_identity_check_function('Never', 'is_never')
+is_never.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Never`][typing.Never] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_never(Never)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    is_newtype = _compile_isinstance_check_function('NewType', 'is_newtype')
+else:  # On Python 3.10, `NewType` is a function.
+
+    def is_newtype(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        return hasattr(obj, '__supertype__')
+
+
+is_newtype.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is a [`NewType`][typing.NewType].
+
+```pycon
+>>> UserId = NewType("UserId", int)
+>>> is_newtype(UserId)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_nodefault = _compile_identity_check_function('NoDefault', 'is_nodefault')
+is_nodefault.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`NoDefault`][typing.NoDefault] sentinel object.
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_nodefault(NoDefault)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_noextraitems = _compile_identity_check_function('NoExtraItems', 'is_noextraitems')
+is_noextraitems.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the `NoExtraItems` sentinel object.
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_noextraitems(NoExtraItems)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_noreturn = _compile_identity_check_function('NoReturn', 'is_noreturn')
+is_noreturn.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`NoReturn`][typing.NoReturn] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_noreturn(NoReturn)
+True
+>>> is_noreturn(Never)
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_notrequired = _compile_identity_check_function('NotRequired', 'is_notrequired')
+is_notrequired.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`NotRequired`][typing.NotRequired] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_notrequired(NotRequired)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_paramspecargs = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ParamSpecArgs', 'is_paramspecargs')
+is_paramspecargs.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecArgs`][typing.ParamSpecArgs].
+
+```pycon
+>>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+>>> is_paramspecargs(P.args)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_paramspeckwargs = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ParamSpecKwargs', 'is_paramspeckwargs')
+is_paramspeckwargs.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecKwargs`][typing.ParamSpecKwargs].
+
+```pycon
+>>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+>>> is_paramspeckwargs(P.kwargs)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_readonly = _compile_identity_check_function('ReadOnly', 'is_readonly')
+is_readonly.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`ReadOnly`][typing.ReadOnly] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_readonly(ReadOnly)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_required = _compile_identity_check_function('Required', 'is_required')
+is_required.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Required`][typing.Required] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_required(Required)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_self = _compile_identity_check_function('Self', 'is_self')
+is_self.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Self`][typing.Self] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_self(Self)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+# TYPE_CHECKING?
+
+is_typealias = _compile_identity_check_function('TypeAlias', 'is_typealias')
+is_typealias.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`TypeAlias`][typing.TypeAlias] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_typealias(TypeAlias)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_typeguard = _compile_identity_check_function('TypeGuard', 'is_typeguard')
+is_typeguard.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`TypeGuard`][typing.TypeGuard] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_typeguard(TypeGuard)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_typeis = _compile_identity_check_function('TypeIs', 'is_typeis')
+is_typeis.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`TypeIs`][typing.TypeIs] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_typeis(TypeIs)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+_is_typealiastype_inner = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeAliasType', '_is_typealiastype_inner')
+
+
+if _IS_PY310:
+    # Parameterized PEP 695 type aliases are instances of `types.GenericAlias` in typing_extensions>=4.13.0.
+    # On Python 3.10, with `Alias[int]` being such an instance of `GenericAlias`,
+    # `isinstance(Alias[int], TypeAliasType)` returns `True`.
+    # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/89828.
+    def is_typealiastype(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[TypeAliasType]':
+        return type(obj) is not GenericAlias and _is_typealiastype_inner(obj)
+else:
+    is_typealiastype = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeAliasType', 'is_typealiastype')
+
+is_typealiastype.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is a [`TypeAliasType`][typing.TypeAliasType] instance.
+
+```pycon
+>>> type MyInt = int
+>>> is_typealiastype(MyInt)
+True
+>>> MyStr = TypeAliasType("MyStr", str)
+>>> is_typealiastype(MyStr):
+True
+>>> type MyList[T] = list[T]
+>>> is_typealiastype(MyList[int])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_unpack = _compile_identity_check_function('Unpack', 'is_unpack')
+is_unpack.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Unpack`][typing.Unpack] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_unpack(Unpack)
+True
+>>> is_unpack(Unpack[Ts])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+
+    def is_deprecated(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[deprecated]':
+        return isinstance(obj, (warnings.deprecated, typing_extensions.deprecated))
+
+else:
+
+    def is_deprecated(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[deprecated]':
+        return isinstance(obj, typing_extensions.deprecated)
+
+
+is_deprecated.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is a [`deprecated`][warnings.deprecated] instance.
+
+This also includes the [`typing_extensions` backport][typing_extensions.deprecated].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_deprecated(warnings.deprecated('message'))
+True
+>>> is_deprecated(typing_extensions.deprecated('message'))
+True
+```
+"""
+
+
+# Aliases defined in the `typing` module using `typing._SpecialGenericAlias` (itself aliased as `alias()`):
+DEPRECATED_ALIASES: Final[dict[Any, type[Any]]] = {
+    typing.Hashable: collections.abc.Hashable,
+    typing.Awaitable: collections.abc.Awaitable,
+    typing.Coroutine: collections.abc.Coroutine,
+    typing.AsyncIterable: collections.abc.AsyncIterable,
+    typing.AsyncIterator: collections.abc.AsyncIterator,
+    typing.Iterable: collections.abc.Iterable,
+    typing.Iterator: collections.abc.Iterator,
+    typing.Reversible: collections.abc.Reversible,
+    typing.Sized: collections.abc.Sized,
+    typing.Container: collections.abc.Container,
+    typing.Collection: collections.abc.Collection,
+    # type ignore reason: https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/6257:
+    typing.Callable: collections.abc.Callable,  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType, reportUnknownMemberType]
+    typing.AbstractSet: collections.abc.Set,
+    typing.MutableSet: collections.abc.MutableSet,
+    typing.Mapping: collections.abc.Mapping,
+    typing.MutableMapping: collections.abc.MutableMapping,
+    typing.Sequence: collections.abc.Sequence,
+    typing.MutableSequence: collections.abc.MutableSequence,
+    typing.Tuple: tuple,
+    typing.List: list,
+    typing.Deque: collections.deque,
+    typing.Set: set,
+    typing.FrozenSet: frozenset,
+    typing.MappingView: collections.abc.MappingView,
+    typing.KeysView: collections.abc.KeysView,
+    typing.ItemsView: collections.abc.ItemsView,
+    typing.ValuesView: collections.abc.ValuesView,
+    typing.Dict: dict,
+    typing.DefaultDict: collections.defaultdict,
+    typing.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing.Counter: collections.Counter,
+    typing.ChainMap: collections.ChainMap,
+    typing.Generator: collections.abc.Generator,
+    typing.AsyncGenerator: collections.abc.AsyncGenerator,
+    typing.Type: type,
+    # Defined in `typing.__getattr__`:
+    typing.Pattern: re.Pattern,
+    typing.Match: re.Match,
+    typing.ContextManager: contextlib.AbstractContextManager,
+    typing.AsyncContextManager: contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    # Skipped: `ByteString` (deprecated, removed in 3.14)
+}
+"""A mapping between the deprecated typing aliases to their replacement, as per [PEP 585](https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/)."""
+
+
+# Add the `typing_extensions` aliases:
+for alias, target in list(DEPRECATED_ALIASES.items()):
+    # Use `alias.__name__` when we drop support for Python 3.9
+    if (te_alias := getattr(typing_extensions, alias._name, None)) is not None:
+        DEPRECATED_ALIASES[te_alias] = target
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5071598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+# Stub file generated using:
+# `stubgen --inspect-mode --include-docstrings -m typing_inspection.typing_objects`
+# (manual edits need to be applied).
+"""Low-level introspection utilities for [`typing`][] members.
+
+The provided functions in this module check against both the [`typing`][] and [`typing_extensions`][]
+variants, if they exists and are different.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Final, ForwardRef, NewType, TypeVar
+
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs, TypeAliasType, TypeIs, TypeVarTuple, deprecated
+
+__all__ = [
+    'DEPRECATED_ALIASES',
+    'NoneType',
+    'is_annotated',
+    'is_any',
+    'is_classvar',
+    'is_concatenate',
+    'is_deprecated',
+    'is_final',
+    'is_generic',
+    'is_literal',
+    'is_literalstring',
+    'is_namedtuple',
+    'is_never',
+    'is_newtype',
+    'is_nodefault',
+    'is_noextraitems',
+    'is_noreturn',
+    'is_notrequired',
+    'is_paramspec',
+    'is_paramspecargs',
+    'is_paramspeckwargs',
+    'is_readonly',
+    'is_required',
+    'is_self',
+    'is_typealias',
+    'is_typealiastype',
+    'is_typeguard',
+    'is_typeis',
+    'is_typevar',
+    'is_typevartuple',
+    'is_union',
+    'is_unpack',
+]
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from types import NoneType
+else:
+    NoneType = type(None)
+
+def is_annotated(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_annotated(Annotated)
+    True
+    >>> is_annotated(Annotated[int, ...])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_any(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Any`][typing.Any] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_any(Any)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_classvar(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar] [type qualifier][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_classvar(ClassVar)
+    True
+    >>> is_classvar(ClassVar[int])
+    >>> False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_concatenate(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Concatenate`][typing.Concatenate] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_concatenate(Concatenate)
+    True
+    >>> is_concatenate(Concatenate[int, P])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_final(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Final`][typing.Final] [type qualifier][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_final(Final)
+    True
+    >>> is_final(Final[int])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_forwardref(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ForwardRef]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ForwardRef`][typing.ForwardRef].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_forwardref(ForwardRef('T'))
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_generic(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Generic`][typing.Generic] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_generic(Generic)
+    True
+    >>> is_generic(Generic[T])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_literal(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_literal(Literal)
+    True
+    >>> is_literal(Literal["a"])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_paramspec(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ParamSpec]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpec`][typing.ParamSpec].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+    >>> is_paramspec(P)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typevar(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[TypeVar]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVar`][typing.TypeVar].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> T = TypeVar('T')
+    >>> is_typevar(T)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typevartuple(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[TypeVarTuple]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVarTuple`][typing.TypeVarTuple].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+    >>> is_typevartuple(Ts)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_union(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Union`][typing.Union] [special form][].
+
+    This function can also be used to check for the [`Optional`][typing.Optional] [special form][],
+    as at runtime, `Optional[int]` is equivalent to `Union[int, None]`.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_union(Union)
+    True
+    >>> is_union(Union[int, str])
+    False
+    ```
+
+    !!! warning
+        This does not check for unions using the [new syntax][types-union] (e.g. `int | str`).
+    """
+
+def is_namedtuple(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the argument is a named tuple type.
+
+    This includes [`NamedTuple`][typing.NamedTuple] subclasses and classes created from the
+    [`collections.namedtuple`][] factory function.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> class User(NamedTuple):
+    ...     name: str
+    ...
+    >>> is_namedtuple(User)
+    True
+    >>> City = collections.namedtuple('City', [])
+    >>> is_namedtuple(City)
+    True
+    >>> is_namedtuple(NamedTuple)
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_literalstring(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`LiteralString`][typing.LiteralString] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_literalstring(LiteralString)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_never(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Never`][typing.Never] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_never(Never)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_newtype(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[NewType]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is a [`NewType`][typing.NewType].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> UserId = NewType("UserId", int)
+    >>> is_newtype(UserId)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_nodefault(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`NoDefault`][typing.NoDefault] sentinel object.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_nodefault(NoDefault)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_noextraitems(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the `NoExtraItems` sentinel object.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_noextraitems(NoExtraItems)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_noreturn(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`NoReturn`][typing.NoReturn] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_noreturn(NoReturn)
+    True
+    >>> is_noreturn(Never)
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_notrequired(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`NotRequired`][typing.NotRequired] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_notrequired(NotRequired)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_paramspecargs(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ParamSpecArgs]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecArgs`][typing.ParamSpecArgs].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+    >>> is_paramspecargs(P.args)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_paramspeckwargs(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ParamSpecKwargs]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecKwargs`][typing.ParamSpecKwargs].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+    >>> is_paramspeckwargs(P.kwargs)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_readonly(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`ReadOnly`][typing.ReadOnly] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_readonly(ReadOnly)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_required(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Required`][typing.Required] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_required(Required)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_self(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Self`][typing.Self] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_self(Self)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typealias(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`TypeAlias`][typing.TypeAlias] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_typealias(TypeAlias)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typeguard(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`TypeGuard`][typing.TypeGuard] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_typeguard(TypeGuard)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typeis(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`TypeIs`][typing.TypeIs] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_typeis(TypeIs)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typealiastype(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[TypeAliasType]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is a [`TypeAliasType`][typing.TypeAliasType] instance.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> type MyInt = int
+    >>> is_typealiastype(MyInt)
+    True
+    >>> MyStr = TypeAliasType("MyStr", str)
+    >>> is_typealiastype(MyStr):
+    True
+    >>> type MyList[T] = list[T]
+    >>> is_typealiastype(MyList[int])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_unpack(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Unpack`][typing.Unpack] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_unpack(Unpack)
+    True
+    >>> is_unpack(Unpack[Ts])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_deprecated(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[deprecated]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is a [`deprecated`][warnings.deprecated] instance.
+
+    This also includes the [`typing_extensions` backport][typing_extensions.deprecated].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_deprecated(warnings.deprecated('message'))
+    True
+    >>> is_deprecated(typing_extensions.deprecated('deprecated'))
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+DEPRECATED_ALIASES: Final[dict[Any, type[Any]]]
+"""A mapping between the deprecated typing aliases to their replacement, as per [PEP 585](https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/)."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..390a458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: uvicorn
+Version: 0.49.0
+Summary: The lightning-fast ASGI server.
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://uvicorn.dev/release-notes
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/encode
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://uvicorn.dev/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+Maintainer-email: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: click>=7.0
+Requires-Dist: h11>=0.8
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.0; python_version < '3.11'
+Provides-Extra: standard
+Requires-Dist: colorama>=0.4; (sys_platform == 'win32') and extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: httptools>=0.8.0; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: python-dotenv>=0.13; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml>=5.1; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: uvloop>=0.15.1; (sys_platform != 'win32' and (sys_platform != 'cygwin' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy')) and extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: watchfiles>=0.20; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: websockets>=10.4; extra == 'standard'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="320" height="320" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tomchristie/uvicorn/main/docs/uvicorn.png" alt='uvicorn'>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+<em>An ASGI web server, for Python.</em>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/uvicorn.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uvicorn)
+[![Supported Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/uvicorn.svg?color=%2334D058)](https://pypi.org/project/uvicorn)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1051468649518616576?logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&color=7389D8&labelColor=6A7EC2)](https://discord.gg/RxKUF5JuHs)
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [https://uvicorn.dev](https://uvicorn.dev)
+
+**Source Code**: [https://www.github.com/Kludex/uvicorn](https://www.github.com/Kludex/uvicorn)
+
+---
+
+Uvicorn is an ASGI web server implementation for Python.
+
+Until recently Python has lacked a minimal low-level server/application interface for
+async frameworks. The [ASGI specification][asgi] fills this gap, and means we're now able to
+start building a common set of tooling usable across all async frameworks.
+
+Uvicorn supports HTTP/1.1 and WebSockets.
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Install using `pip`:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install uvicorn
+```
+
+This will install uvicorn with minimal (pure Python) dependencies.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install 'uvicorn[standard]'
+```
+
+This will install uvicorn with "Cython-based" dependencies (where possible) and other "optional extras".
+
+In this context, "Cython-based" means the following:
+
+- the event loop `uvloop` will be installed and used if possible.
+- the http protocol will be handled by `httptools` if possible.
+
+Moreover, "optional extras" means that:
+
+- the websocket protocol will be handled by `websockets` (should you want to use `wsproto` you'd need to install it manually) if possible.
+- the `--reload` flag in development mode will use `watchfiles`.
+- windows users will have `colorama` installed for the colored logs.
+- `python-dotenv` will be installed should you want to use the `--env-file` option.
+- `PyYAML` will be installed to allow you to provide a `.yaml` file to `--log-config`, if desired.
+
+Create an application, in `example.py`:
+
+```python
+async def app(scope, receive, send):
+    assert scope['type'] == 'http'
+
+    await send({
+        'type': 'http.response.start',
+        'status': 200,
+        'headers': [
+            (b'content-type', b'text/plain'),
+        ],
+    })
+    await send({
+        'type': 'http.response.body',
+        'body': b'Hello, world!',
+    })
+```
+
+Run the server:
+
+```shell
+$ uvicorn example:app
+```
+
+---
+
+## Why ASGI?
+
+Most well established Python Web frameworks started out as WSGI-based frameworks.
+
+WSGI applications are a single, synchronous callable that takes a request and returns a response.
+This doesn’t allow for long-lived connections, like you get with long-poll HTTP or WebSocket connections,
+which WSGI doesn't support well.
+
+Having an async concurrency model also allows for options such as lightweight background tasks,
+and can be less of a limiting factor for endpoints that have long periods being blocked on network
+I/O such as dealing with slow HTTP requests.
+
+---
+
+## Alternative ASGI servers
+
+A strength of the ASGI protocol is that it decouples the server implementation
+from the application framework. This allows for an ecosystem of interoperating
+webservers and application frameworks.
+
+### Daphne
+
+The first ASGI server implementation, originally developed to power Django Channels, is [the Daphne webserver][daphne].
+
+It is run widely in production, and supports HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and WebSockets.
+
+Any of the example applications given here can equally well be run using `daphne` instead.
+
+```
+$ pip install daphne
+$ daphne app:App
+```
+
+### Hypercorn
+
+[Hypercorn][hypercorn] was initially part of the Quart web framework, before
+being separated out into a standalone ASGI server.
+
+Hypercorn supports HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and WebSockets.
+
+It also supports [the excellent `trio` async framework][trio], as an alternative to `asyncio`.
+
+```
+$ pip install hypercorn
+$ hypercorn app:App
+```
+
+### Mangum
+
+[Mangum][mangum] is an adapter for using ASGI applications with AWS Lambda & API Gateway.
+
+### Granian
+
+[Granian][granian] is an ASGI compatible Rust HTTP server which supports HTTP/2, TLS and WebSockets.
+
+---
+
+<p align="center"><i>Uvicorn is <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/blob/main/LICENSE.md">BSD licensed</a> code.<br/>Designed & crafted with care.</i><br/>&mdash; 🦄  &mdash;</p>
+
+[asgi]: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+[daphne]: https://github.com/django/daphne
+[hypercorn]: https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn
+[trio]: https://trio.readthedocs.io
+[mangum]: https://github.com/jordaneremieff/mangum
+[granian]: https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2732499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/RECORD
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+uvicorn/server.py,sha256=fXk3__HBf1g-oh_4_OXIpb8tnTyafxuWRiEet6SQEvM,13368
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b94fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.29.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b00fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+uvicorn = uvicorn.main:main
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bba14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2017-present, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a2760a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.main import Server, main, run
+
+__version__ = "0.49.0"
+__all__ = ["main", "run", "Config", "Server"]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a1dc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import uvicorn
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.main()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/server.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/server.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/workers.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/workers.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_compat.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..118a19a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+__all__ = ["asyncio_run", "iscoroutinefunction"]
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+else:
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    asyncio_run = asyncio.run
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    def asyncio_run(
+        main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T],
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> _T:
+        # asyncio.run from Python 3.12
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/license.html#psf-license
+        with asyncio.Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner:
+            return runner.run(main)
+
+else:
+    # modified version of asyncio.run from Python 3.10 to add loop_factory kwarg
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/license.html#psf-license
+    def asyncio_run(
+        main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T],
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> _T:
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
+
+        if not asyncio.iscoroutine(main):
+            raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {main!r}")
+
+        if loop_factory is None:
+            loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        else:
+            loop = loop_factory()
+        try:
+            if loop_factory is None:
+                asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+            if debug is not None:
+                loop.set_debug(debug)
+            return loop.run_until_complete(main)
+        finally:
+            try:
+                _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+            finally:
+                if loop_factory is None:
+                    asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+                loop.close()
+
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        to_cancel = asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler(
+                    {
+                        "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown",
+                        "exception": task.exception(),
+                        "task": task,
+                    }
+                )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_subprocess.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c084ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""
+Some light wrappers around Python's multiprocessing, to deal with cleanly
+starting child processes.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from multiprocessing.context import SpawnProcess
+from socket import socket
+
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+multiprocessing.allow_connection_pickling()
+spawn = multiprocessing.get_context("spawn")
+
+
+def get_subprocess(
+    config: Config,
+    target: Callable[..., None],
+    sockets: list[socket],
+) -> SpawnProcess:
+    """
+    Called in the parent process, to instantiate a new child process instance.
+    The child is not yet started at this point.
+
+    * config - The Uvicorn configuration instance.
+    * target - A callable that accepts a list of sockets. In practice this will
+               be the `Server.run()` method.
+    * sockets - A list of sockets to pass to the server. Sockets are bound once
+                by the parent process, and then passed to the child processes.
+    """
+    # We pass across the stdin fileno, and reopen it in the child process.
+    # This is required for some debugging environments.
+    try:
+        stdin_fileno = sys.stdin.fileno()
+    # The `sys.stdin` can be `None`, see https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.__stdin__.
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        stdin_fileno = None
+
+    kwargs = {
+        "config": config,
+        "target": target,
+        "sockets": sockets,
+        "stdin_fileno": stdin_fileno,
+    }
+
+    return spawn.Process(target=subprocess_started, kwargs=kwargs)
+
+
+def subprocess_started(
+    config: Config,
+    target: Callable[..., None],
+    sockets: list[socket],
+    stdin_fileno: int | None,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Called when the child process starts.
+
+    * config - The Uvicorn configuration instance.
+    * target - A callable that accepts a list of sockets. In practice this will
+               be the `Server.run()` method.
+    * sockets - A list of sockets to pass to the server. Sockets are bound once
+                by the parent process, and then passed to the child processes.
+    * stdin_fileno - The file number of sys.stdin, so that it can be reattached
+                     to the child process.
+    """
+    # Re-open stdin.
+    if stdin_fileno is not None:
+        sys.stdin = os.fdopen(stdin_fileno)  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    # Logging needs to be setup again for each child.
+    config.configure_logging()
+
+    try:
+        # Now we can call into `Server.run(sockets=sockets)`
+        target(sockets=sockets)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+        # suppress the exception to avoid a traceback from subprocess.Popen
+        # the parent already expects us to end, so no vital information is lost
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_types.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..822445a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+"""
+Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
+       to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+       specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol, TypedDict
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: py-lt-311
+    from typing import NotRequired
+else:  # pragma: py-gte-311
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired
+
+# WSGI
+Environ = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+ExcInfo = tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, types.TracebackType | None]
+StartResponse = Callable[[str, Iterable[tuple[str, str]], ExcInfo | None], None]
+WSGIApp = Callable[[Environ, StartResponse], Iterable[bytes] | BaseException]
+
+
+# ASGI
+class ASGIVersions(TypedDict):
+    spec_version: str
+    version: Literal["2.0"] | Literal["3.0"]
+
+
+class HTTPScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    http_version: str
+    method: str
+    scheme: str
+    path: str
+    raw_path: bytes
+    query_string: bytes
+    root_path: str
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    client: tuple[str, int] | None
+    server: tuple[str, int | None] | None
+    state: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+    extensions: NotRequired[dict[str, dict[object, object]]]
+
+
+class WebSocketScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    http_version: str
+    scheme: str
+    path: str
+    raw_path: bytes
+    query_string: bytes
+    root_path: str
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    client: tuple[str, int] | None
+    server: tuple[str, int | None] | None
+    subprotocols: Iterable[str]
+    state: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+    extensions: NotRequired[dict[str, dict[object, object]]]
+
+
+class LifespanScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    state: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+WWWScope = HTTPScope | WebSocketScope
+Scope = HTTPScope | WebSocketScope | LifespanScope
+
+
+class HTTPRequestEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.request"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: bool
+
+
+class HTTPResponseDebugEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.debug"]
+    info: dict[str, object]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.start"]
+    status: int
+    headers: NotRequired[Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]
+    trailers: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.body"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseTrailersEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.trailers"]
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    more_trailers: bool
+
+
+class HTTPServerPushEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.push"]
+    path: str
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class HTTPDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.disconnect"]
+
+
+class WebSocketConnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.connect"]
+
+
+class WebSocketAcceptEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.accept"]
+    subprotocol: NotRequired[str | None]
+    headers: NotRequired[Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]
+
+
+class _WebSocketReceiveEventBytes(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.receive"]
+    bytes: bytes
+    text: NotRequired[None]
+
+
+class _WebSocketReceiveEventText(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.receive"]
+    bytes: NotRequired[None]
+    text: str
+
+
+WebSocketReceiveEvent = _WebSocketReceiveEventBytes | _WebSocketReceiveEventText
+
+
+class _WebSocketSendEventBytes(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.send"]
+    bytes: bytes
+    text: NotRequired[None]
+
+
+class _WebSocketSendEventText(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.send"]
+    bytes: NotRequired[None]
+    text: str
+
+
+WebSocketSendEvent = _WebSocketSendEventBytes | _WebSocketSendEventText
+
+
+class WebSocketResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.http.response.start"]
+    status: int
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class WebSocketResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.http.response.body"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class WebSocketDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.disconnect"]
+    code: int
+    reason: NotRequired[str | None]
+
+
+class WebSocketCloseEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.close"]
+    code: NotRequired[int]
+    reason: NotRequired[str | None]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup"]
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown"]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup.complete"]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupFailedEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup.failed"]
+    message: str
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.complete"]
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownFailedEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.failed"]
+    message: str
+
+
+WebSocketEvent = WebSocketReceiveEvent | WebSocketDisconnectEvent | WebSocketConnectEvent
+
+
+ASGIReceiveEvent = (
+    HTTPRequestEvent
+    | HTTPDisconnectEvent
+    | WebSocketConnectEvent
+    | WebSocketReceiveEvent
+    | WebSocketDisconnectEvent
+    | LifespanStartupEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownEvent
+)
+
+
+ASGISendEvent = (
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent
+    | HTTPResponseBodyEvent
+    | HTTPResponseTrailersEvent
+    | HTTPServerPushEvent
+    | HTTPDisconnectEvent
+    | WebSocketAcceptEvent
+    | WebSocketSendEvent
+    | WebSocketResponseStartEvent
+    | WebSocketResponseBodyEvent
+    | WebSocketCloseEvent
+    | LifespanStartupCompleteEvent
+    | LifespanStartupFailedEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownFailedEvent
+)
+
+
+ASGIReceiveCallable = Callable[[], Awaitable[ASGIReceiveEvent]]
+ASGISendCallable = Callable[[ASGISendEvent], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+class ASGI2Protocol(Protocol):
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope) -> None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def __call__(self, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+ASGI2Application = type[ASGI2Protocol]
+ASGI3Application = Callable[[Scope, ASGIReceiveCallable, ASGISendCallable], Awaitable[None]]
+ASGIApplication = ASGI2Application | ASGI3Application
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/config.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c17ba60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import inspect
+import json
+import logging
+import logging.config
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from configparser import RawConfigParser
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Any, Literal
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._compat import iscoroutinefunction
+from uvicorn._types import ASGIApplication
+from uvicorn.importer import ImportFromStringError, import_from_string
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.middleware.asgi2 import ASGI2Middleware
+from uvicorn.middleware.message_logger import MessageLoggerMiddleware
+from uvicorn.middleware.proxy_headers import ProxyHeadersMiddleware
+from uvicorn.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
+
+HTTPProtocolType = Literal["auto", "h11", "httptools"]
+WSProtocolType = Literal["auto", "none", "websockets", "websockets-sansio", "wsproto"]
+LifespanType = Literal["auto", "on", "off"]
+LoopFactoryType = Literal["none", "auto", "asyncio", "uvloop"]
+InterfaceType = Literal["auto", "asgi3", "asgi2", "wsgi"]
+
+LOG_LEVELS: dict[str, int] = {
+    "critical": logging.CRITICAL,
+    "error": logging.ERROR,
+    "warning": logging.WARNING,
+    "info": logging.INFO,
+    "debug": logging.DEBUG,
+    "trace": TRACE_LOG_LEVEL,
+}
+HTTP_PROTOCOLS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "auto": "uvicorn.protocols.http.auto:AutoHTTPProtocol",
+    "h11": "uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl:H11Protocol",
+    "httptools": "uvicorn.protocols.http.httptools_impl:HttpToolsProtocol",
+}
+WS_PROTOCOLS: dict[str, str | None] = {
+    "auto": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.auto:AutoWebSocketsProtocol",
+    "none": None,
+    "websockets": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_impl:WebSocketProtocol",
+    "websockets-sansio": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_sansio_impl:WebSocketsSansIOProtocol",
+    "wsproto": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.wsproto_impl:WSProtocol",
+}
+LIFESPAN: dict[str, str] = {
+    "auto": "uvicorn.lifespan.on:LifespanOn",
+    "on": "uvicorn.lifespan.on:LifespanOn",
+    "off": "uvicorn.lifespan.off:LifespanOff",
+}
+LOOP_FACTORIES: dict[str, str | None] = {
+    "none": None,
+    "auto": "uvicorn.loops.auto:auto_loop_factory",
+    "asyncio": "uvicorn.loops.asyncio:asyncio_loop_factory",
+    "uvloop": "uvicorn.loops.uvloop:uvloop_loop_factory",
+}
+INTERFACES: list[InterfaceType] = ["auto", "asgi3", "asgi2", "wsgi"]
+
+SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION: int = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER
+
+LOGGING_CONFIG: dict[str, Any] = {
+    "version": 1,
+    "disable_existing_loggers": False,
+    "formatters": {
+        "default": {
+            "()": "uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter",
+            "fmt": "%(levelprefix)s %(message)s",
+            "use_colors": None,
+        },
+        "access": {
+            "()": "uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter",
+            "fmt": '%(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - "%(request_line)s" %(status_code)s',  # noqa: E501
+        },
+    },
+    "handlers": {
+        "default": {
+            "formatter": "default",
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stderr",
+        },
+        "access": {
+            "formatter": "access",
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
+        },
+    },
+    "loggers": {
+        "uvicorn": {"handlers": ["default"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
+        "uvicorn.error": {"level": "INFO"},
+        "uvicorn.access": {"handlers": ["access"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
+    },
+}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+def create_ssl_context(
+    certfile: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    keyfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None,
+    password: str | None,
+    ssl_version: int,
+    cert_reqs: int,
+    ca_certs: str | os.PathLike[str] | None,
+    ciphers: str | None,
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl_version)
+    get_password = (lambda: password) if password else None
+    ctx.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, get_password)
+    ctx.verify_mode = ssl.VerifyMode(cert_reqs)
+    if ca_certs:
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(ca_certs)
+    if ciphers:
+        ctx.set_ciphers(ciphers)
+    return ctx
+
+
+def is_dir(path: Path) -> bool:
+    try:
+        if not path.is_absolute():
+            path = path.resolve()
+        return path.is_dir()
+    except OSError:  # pragma: full coverage
+        return False
+
+
+def resolve_reload_patterns(patterns_list: list[str], directories_list: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], list[Path]]:
+    directories: list[Path] = list(set(map(Path, directories_list.copy())))
+    patterns: list[str] = patterns_list.copy()
+
+    current_working_directory = Path.cwd()
+    for pattern in patterns_list:
+        # Special case for the .* pattern, otherwise this would only match
+        # hidden directories which is probably undesired
+        if pattern == ".*":
+            continue  # pragma: py-not-linux
+        patterns.append(pattern)
+        if is_dir(Path(pattern)):
+            directories.append(Path(pattern))
+        else:
+            for match in current_working_directory.glob(pattern):
+                if is_dir(match):
+                    directories.append(match)
+
+    directories = list(set(directories))
+    directories = list(map(Path, directories))
+    directories = list(map(lambda x: x.resolve(), directories))
+    directories = list({reload_path for reload_path in directories if is_dir(reload_path)})
+
+    children = []
+    for j in range(len(directories)):
+        for k in range(j + 1, len(directories)):  # pragma: full coverage
+            if directories[j] in directories[k].parents:
+                children.append(directories[k])
+            elif directories[k] in directories[j].parents:
+                children.append(directories[j])
+
+    directories = list(set(directories).difference(set(children)))
+
+    return list(set(patterns)), directories
+
+
+def _normalize_dirs(dirs: list[str] | str | None) -> list[str]:
+    if dirs is None:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(dirs, str):
+        return [dirs]
+    return list(set(dirs))
+
+
+class Config:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApplication | Callable[..., Any] | str,
+        host: str = "127.0.0.1",
+        port: int = 8000,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        fd: int | None = None,
+        loop: LoopFactoryType | str = "auto",
+        http: type[asyncio.Protocol] | HTTPProtocolType | str = "auto",
+        ws: type[asyncio.Protocol] | WSProtocolType | str = "auto",
+        ws_max_size: int = 16 * 1024 * 1024,
+        ws_max_queue: int = 32,
+        ws_ping_interval: float | None = 20.0,
+        ws_ping_timeout: float | None = 20.0,
+        ws_per_message_deflate: bool = True,
+        lifespan: LifespanType = "auto",
+        env_file: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        log_config: dict[str, Any] | str | os.PathLike[str] | RawConfigParser | IO[Any] | None = LOGGING_CONFIG,
+        log_level: str | int | None = None,
+        access_log: bool = True,
+        use_colors: bool | None = None,
+        interface: InterfaceType = "auto",
+        reload: bool = False,
+        reload_dirs: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        reload_delay: float = 0.25,
+        reload_includes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        reload_excludes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        workers: int | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: bool = True,
+        server_header: bool = True,
+        date_header: bool = True,
+        forwarded_allow_ips: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        limit_concurrency: int | None = None,
+        limit_max_requests: int | None = None,
+        limit_max_requests_jitter: int = 0,
+        backlog: int = 2048,
+        timeout_keep_alive: int = 5,
+        timeout_notify: int = 30,
+        timeout_graceful_shutdown: int | None = None,
+        timeout_worker_healthcheck: int = 5,
+        callback_notify: Callable[..., Awaitable[None]] | None = None,
+        ssl_keyfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        ssl_certfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        ssl_keyfile_password: str | None = None,
+        ssl_version: int = SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+        ssl_cert_reqs: int = ssl.CERT_NONE,
+        ssl_ca_certs: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        ssl_ciphers: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context_factory: Callable[[Config, Callable[[], ssl.SSLContext]], ssl.SSLContext] | None = None,
+        headers: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        factory: bool = False,
+        h11_max_incomplete_event_size: int | None = None,
+        reset_contextvars: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.app = app
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.uds = uds
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.http = http
+        self.ws = ws
+        self.ws_max_size = ws_max_size
+        self.ws_max_queue = ws_max_queue
+        self.ws_ping_interval = ws_ping_interval
+        self.ws_ping_timeout = ws_ping_timeout
+        self.ws_per_message_deflate = ws_per_message_deflate
+        self.lifespan = lifespan
+        self.log_config = log_config
+        self.log_level = log_level
+        self.access_log = access_log
+        self.use_colors = use_colors
+        self.interface = interface
+        self.reload = reload
+        self.reload_delay = reload_delay
+        self.workers = workers or 1
+        self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers
+        self.server_header = server_header
+        self.date_header = date_header
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.limit_concurrency = limit_concurrency
+        self.limit_max_requests = limit_max_requests
+        self.limit_max_requests_jitter = limit_max_requests_jitter
+        self.backlog = backlog
+        self.timeout_keep_alive = timeout_keep_alive
+        self.timeout_notify = timeout_notify
+        self.timeout_graceful_shutdown = timeout_graceful_shutdown
+        self.timeout_worker_healthcheck = timeout_worker_healthcheck
+        self.callback_notify = callback_notify
+        self.ssl_keyfile = ssl_keyfile
+        self.ssl_certfile = ssl_certfile
+        self.ssl_keyfile_password = ssl_keyfile_password
+        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
+        self.ssl_cert_reqs = ssl_cert_reqs
+        self.ssl_ca_certs = ssl_ca_certs
+        self.ssl_ciphers = ssl_ciphers
+        self.ssl_context_factory = ssl_context_factory
+        self.headers: list[tuple[str, str]] = headers or []
+        self.encoded_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+        self.factory = factory
+        self.h11_max_incomplete_event_size = h11_max_incomplete_event_size
+        self.reset_contextvars = reset_contextvars
+
+        self.loaded = False
+        self.configure_logging()
+
+        self.reload_dirs: list[Path] = []
+        self.reload_dirs_excludes: list[Path] = []
+        self.reload_includes: list[str] = []
+        self.reload_excludes: list[str] = []
+
+        if (reload_dirs or reload_includes or reload_excludes) and not self.should_reload:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Current configuration will not reload as not all conditions are met, please refer to documentation."
+            )
+
+        if self.should_reload:
+            reload_dirs = _normalize_dirs(reload_dirs)
+            reload_includes = _normalize_dirs(reload_includes)
+            reload_excludes = _normalize_dirs(reload_excludes)
+
+            self.reload_includes, self.reload_dirs = resolve_reload_patterns(reload_includes, reload_dirs)
+
+            self.reload_excludes, self.reload_dirs_excludes = resolve_reload_patterns(reload_excludes, [])
+
+            reload_dirs_tmp = self.reload_dirs.copy()
+
+            for directory in self.reload_dirs_excludes:
+                for reload_directory in reload_dirs_tmp:
+                    if directory == reload_directory or directory in reload_directory.parents:
+                        try:
+                            self.reload_dirs.remove(reload_directory)
+                        except ValueError:  # pragma: full coverage
+                            pass
+
+            for pattern in self.reload_excludes:
+                if pattern in self.reload_includes:
+                    self.reload_includes.remove(pattern)  # pragma: full coverage
+
+            if not self.reload_dirs:
+                if reload_dirs:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Provided reload directories %s did not contain valid "
+                        + "directories, watching current working directory.",
+                        reload_dirs,
+                    )
+                self.reload_dirs = [Path.cwd()]
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Will watch for changes in these directories: %s",
+                sorted(list(map(str, self.reload_dirs))),
+            )
+
+        if env_file is not None:
+            from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+            logger.info("Loading environment from '%s'", env_file)
+            load_dotenv(dotenv_path=env_file)
+
+        if workers is None and "WEB_CONCURRENCY" in os.environ:
+            self.workers = int(os.environ["WEB_CONCURRENCY"])
+
+        self.forwarded_allow_ips: list[str] | str
+        if forwarded_allow_ips is None:
+            self.forwarded_allow_ips = os.environ.get("FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS", "127.0.0.1")
+        else:
+            self.forwarded_allow_ips = forwarded_allow_ips  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if self.reload and self.workers > 1:
+            logger.warning('"workers" flag is ignored when reloading is enabled.')
+
+    @property
+    def asgi_version(self) -> Literal["2.0", "3.0"]:
+        mapping: dict[str, Literal["2.0", "3.0"]] = {
+            "asgi2": "2.0",
+            "asgi3": "3.0",
+            "wsgi": "3.0",
+        }
+        return mapping[self.interface]
+
+    @property
+    def is_ssl(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.ssl_keyfile or self.ssl_certfile or self.ssl_context_factory)
+
+    @property
+    def use_subprocess(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.reload or self.workers > 1)
+
+    def configure_logging(self) -> None:
+        logging.addLevelName(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "TRACE")
+
+        if self.log_config is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.log_config, os.PathLike):
+                self.log_config = os.fspath(self.log_config)
+
+            if isinstance(self.log_config, dict):
+                if self.use_colors in (True, False):
+                    self.log_config["formatters"]["default"]["use_colors"] = self.use_colors
+                    self.log_config["formatters"]["access"]["use_colors"] = self.use_colors
+                logging.config.dictConfig(self.log_config)
+            elif isinstance(self.log_config, str) and self.log_config.endswith(".json"):
+                with open(self.log_config) as file:
+                    loaded_config = json.load(file)
+                    logging.config.dictConfig(loaded_config)
+            elif isinstance(self.log_config, str) and self.log_config.endswith((".yaml", ".yml")):
+                try:
+                    import yaml
+                except ImportError as e:
+                    raise ImportError(
+                        "Install the PyYAML package or uvicorn[standard] to use `--log-config` with YAML files."
+                    ) from e
+
+                with open(self.log_config) as file:
+                    loaded_config = yaml.safe_load(file)
+                    logging.config.dictConfig(loaded_config)
+            else:
+                # See the note about fileConfig() here:
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#configuration-file-format
+                logging.config.fileConfig(self.log_config, disable_existing_loggers=False)
+
+        if self.log_level is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.log_level, str):
+                log_level = LOG_LEVELS[self.log_level.lower()]
+            else:
+                log_level = self.log_level
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error").setLevel(log_level)
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").setLevel(log_level)
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.asgi").setLevel(log_level)
+        if self.access_log is False:
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").handlers = []
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").propagate = False
+
+    def load_app(self) -> Any:
+        """Import the app and return it. Exits on failure."""
+        try:
+            return import_from_string(self.app)
+        except ImportFromStringError as exc:
+            logger.error("Error loading ASGI app. %s" % exc)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        assert not self.loaded
+
+        if self.ssl_context_factory is not None:
+
+            def default_factory() -> ssl.SSLContext:
+                if not self.ssl_certfile:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "`default_ssl_context_factory()` requires `ssl_certfile` to be set on `Config`. "
+                        "Either pass `ssl_certfile` (and optionally `ssl_keyfile`) or build the `SSLContext` "
+                        "directly inside `ssl_context_factory` without calling the default factory."
+                    )
+                return create_ssl_context(
+                    keyfile=self.ssl_keyfile,
+                    certfile=self.ssl_certfile,
+                    password=self.ssl_keyfile_password,
+                    ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
+                    cert_reqs=self.ssl_cert_reqs,
+                    ca_certs=self.ssl_ca_certs,
+                    ciphers=self.ssl_ciphers,
+                )
+
+            context = self.ssl_context_factory(self, default_factory)
+            if not isinstance(context, ssl.SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError(f"`ssl_context_factory` must return an `ssl.SSLContext`, got {type(context).__name__}")
+            self.ssl: ssl.SSLContext | None = context
+        elif self.is_ssl:
+            assert self.ssl_certfile
+            self.ssl = create_ssl_context(
+                keyfile=self.ssl_keyfile,
+                certfile=self.ssl_certfile,
+                password=self.ssl_keyfile_password,
+                ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
+                cert_reqs=self.ssl_cert_reqs,
+                ca_certs=self.ssl_ca_certs,
+                ciphers=self.ssl_ciphers,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.ssl = None
+
+        encoded_headers = [(key.lower().encode("latin1"), value.encode("latin1")) for key, value in self.headers]
+        self.encoded_headers = (
+            [(b"server", b"uvicorn")] + encoded_headers
+            if b"server" not in dict(encoded_headers) and self.server_header
+            else encoded_headers
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(self.http, str):
+            http_protocol_class = import_from_string(HTTP_PROTOCOLS.get(self.http, self.http))
+            self.http_protocol_class: type[asyncio.Protocol] = http_protocol_class
+        else:
+            self.http_protocol_class = self.http
+
+        if isinstance(self.ws, str):
+            ws_protocol_class = import_from_string(WS_PROTOCOLS.get(self.ws, self.ws))
+            self.ws_protocol_class: type[asyncio.Protocol] | None = ws_protocol_class
+        else:
+            self.ws_protocol_class = self.ws
+
+        self.lifespan_class = import_from_string(LIFESPAN[self.lifespan])
+
+        self.loaded_app = self.load_app()
+
+        try:
+            self.loaded_app = self.loaded_app()
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            if self.factory:
+                logger.error("Error loading ASGI app factory: %s", exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+        else:
+            if not self.factory:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "ASGI app factory detected. Using it, but please consider setting the --factory flag explicitly."
+                )
+
+        if self.interface == "auto":
+            if inspect.isclass(self.loaded_app):
+                use_asgi_3 = hasattr(self.loaded_app, "__await__")
+            elif inspect.isfunction(self.loaded_app):
+                use_asgi_3 = iscoroutinefunction(self.loaded_app)
+            else:
+                call = getattr(self.loaded_app, "__call__", None)
+                use_asgi_3 = iscoroutinefunction(call)
+            self.interface = "asgi3" if use_asgi_3 else "asgi2"
+
+        if self.interface == "wsgi":
+            self.loaded_app = WSGIMiddleware(self.loaded_app)
+            self.ws_protocol_class = None
+        elif self.interface == "asgi2":
+            self.loaded_app = ASGI2Middleware(self.loaded_app)
+
+        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            self.loaded_app = MessageLoggerMiddleware(self.loaded_app)
+        if self.proxy_headers:
+            self.loaded_app = ProxyHeadersMiddleware(self.loaded_app, trusted_hosts=self.forwarded_allow_ips)
+
+        self.loaded = True
+
+    def setup_event_loop(self) -> None:
+        raise AttributeError(
+            "The `setup_event_loop` method was replaced by `get_loop_factory` in uvicorn 0.36.0.\n"
+            "None of those methods are supposed to be used directly. If you are doing it, please let me know here: "
+            "https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/discussions/2706. Thank you, and sorry for the inconvenience."
+        )
+
+    def get_loop_factory(self) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] | None:
+        if self.loop in LOOP_FACTORIES:
+            loop_factory: Callable[..., Any] | None = import_from_string(LOOP_FACTORIES[self.loop])
+        else:
+            try:
+                return import_from_string(self.loop)
+            except ImportFromStringError as exc:
+                logger.error("Error loading custom loop setup function. %s" % exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+        if loop_factory is None:
+            return None
+        return loop_factory(use_subprocess=self.use_subprocess)
+
+    def bind_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        logger_args: list[str | int]
+        if self.uds is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            path = self.uds
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            try:
+                sock.bind(path)
+                uds_perms = 0o666
+                os.chmod(self.uds, uds_perms)
+            except OSError as exc:  # pragma: full coverage
+                logger.error(exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            message = "Uvicorn running on unix socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            sock_name_format = "%s"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(sock_name_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            logger_args = [self.uds]
+        elif self.fd is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            sock = socket.fromfd(self.fd, socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            message = "Uvicorn running on socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            fd_name_format = "%s"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(fd_name_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            logger_args = [sock.getsockname()]
+        else:
+            family = socket.AF_INET
+            addr_format = "%s://%s:%d"
+
+            if self.host and ":" in self.host:  # pragma: full coverage
+                # It's an IPv6 address.
+                family = socket.AF_INET6
+                addr_format = "%s://[%s]:%d"
+
+            sock = socket.socket(family=family)
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+            try:
+                sock.bind((self.host, self.port))
+            except OSError as exc:  # pragma: full coverage
+                logger.error(exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            message = f"Uvicorn running on {addr_format} (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(addr_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            protocol_name = "https" if self.is_ssl else "http"
+            logger_args = [protocol_name, self.host, sock.getsockname()[1]]
+        logger.info(message, *logger_args, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+        sock.set_inheritable(True)
+        return sock
+
+    @property
+    def should_reload(self) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(self.app, str) and self.reload
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/importer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/importer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f77520e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/importer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import importlib
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class ImportFromStringError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def import_from_string(import_str: Any) -> Any:
+    if not isinstance(import_str, str):
+        return import_str
+
+    module_str, _, attrs_str = import_str.partition(":")
+    if not module_str or not attrs_str:
+        message = 'Import string "{import_str}" must be in format "<module>:<attribute>".'
+        raise ImportFromStringError(message.format(import_str=import_str))
+
+    try:
+        module = importlib.import_module(module_str)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError as exc:
+        if exc.name != module_str:
+            raise exc from None
+        message = 'Could not import module "{module_str}".'
+        raise ImportFromStringError(message.format(module_str=module_str))
+
+    instance = module
+    try:
+        for attr_str in attrs_str.split("."):
+            instance = getattr(instance, attr_str)
+    except AttributeError:
+        message = 'Attribute "{attrs_str}" not found in module "{module_str}".'
+        raise ImportFromStringError(message.format(attrs_str=attrs_str, module_str=module_str))
+
+    return instance
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/__init__.py
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/off.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/off.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74554b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/off.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from uvicorn import Config
+
+
+class LifespanOff:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        self.should_exit = False
+        self.state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    async def startup(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/on.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/on.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71ac394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/on.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from asyncio import Queue
+from typing import Any
+
+from uvicorn import Config
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    LifespanScope,
+    LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownFailedEvent,
+    LifespanStartupCompleteEvent,
+    LifespanStartupEvent,
+    LifespanStartupFailedEvent,
+)
+
+LifespanReceiveMessage = LifespanStartupEvent | LifespanShutdownEvent
+LifespanSendMessage = (
+    LifespanStartupFailedEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownFailedEvent
+    | LifespanStartupCompleteEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent
+)
+
+
+STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR = "Got invalid state transition on lifespan protocol."
+
+
+class LifespanOn:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.startup_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.shutdown_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.receive_queue: Queue[LifespanReceiveMessage] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.error_occurred = False
+        self.startup_failed = False
+        self.shutdown_failed = False
+        self.should_exit = False
+        self.state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    async def startup(self) -> None:
+        self.logger.info("Waiting for application startup.")
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        main_lifespan_task = loop.create_task(self.main())  # noqa: F841
+        # Keep a hard reference to prevent garbage collection
+        # See https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/pull/972
+        startup_event: LifespanStartupEvent = {"type": "lifespan.startup"}
+        await self.receive_queue.put(startup_event)
+        await self.startup_event.wait()
+
+        if self.startup_failed or (self.error_occurred and self.config.lifespan == "on"):
+            self.logger.error("Application startup failed. Exiting.")
+            self.should_exit = True
+        else:
+            self.logger.info("Application startup complete.")
+
+    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        if self.error_occurred:
+            return
+        self.logger.info("Waiting for application shutdown.")
+        shutdown_event: LifespanShutdownEvent = {"type": "lifespan.shutdown"}
+        await self.receive_queue.put(shutdown_event)
+        await self.shutdown_event.wait()
+
+        if self.shutdown_failed or (self.error_occurred and self.config.lifespan == "on"):
+            self.logger.error("Application shutdown failed. Exiting.")
+            self.should_exit = True
+        else:
+            self.logger.info("Application shutdown complete.")
+
+    async def main(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            app = self.config.loaded_app
+            scope: LifespanScope = {
+                "type": "lifespan",
+                "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.0"},
+                "state": self.state,
+            }
+            await app(scope, self.receive, self.send)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self.asgi = None
+            self.error_occurred = True
+            if self.startup_failed or self.shutdown_failed:
+                return
+            if self.config.lifespan == "auto":
+                msg = "ASGI 'lifespan' protocol appears unsupported."
+                self.logger.info(msg)
+            else:
+                msg = "Exception in 'lifespan' protocol\n"
+                self.logger.error(msg, exc_info=exc)
+        finally:
+            self.startup_event.set()
+            self.shutdown_event.set()
+
+    async def send(self, message: LifespanSendMessage) -> None:
+        assert message["type"] in (
+            "lifespan.startup.complete",
+            "lifespan.startup.failed",
+            "lifespan.shutdown.complete",
+            "lifespan.shutdown.failed",
+        )
+
+        if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup.complete":
+            assert not self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.startup_event.set()
+
+        elif message["type"] == "lifespan.startup.failed":
+            assert not self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.startup_event.set()
+            self.startup_failed = True
+            if message.get("message"):
+                self.logger.error(message["message"])
+
+        elif message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown.complete":
+            assert self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.shutdown_event.set()
+
+        elif message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown.failed":
+            assert self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.shutdown_event.set()
+            self.shutdown_failed = True
+            if message.get("message"):
+                self.logger.error(message["message"])
+
+    async def receive(self) -> LifespanReceiveMessage:
+        return await self.receive_queue.get()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/logging.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd16115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import logging
+import sys
+from copy import copy
+from typing import Literal
+
+import click
+
+TRACE_LOG_LEVEL = 5
+
+
+class ColourizedFormatter(logging.Formatter):
+    """
+    A custom log formatter class that:
+
+    * Outputs the LOG_LEVEL with an appropriate color.
+    * If a log call includes an `extra={"color_message": ...}` it will be used
+      for formatting the output, instead of the plain text message.
+    """
+
+    level_name_colors = {
+        TRACE_LOG_LEVEL: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="blue"),
+        logging.DEBUG: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="cyan"),
+        logging.INFO: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="green"),
+        logging.WARNING: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="yellow"),
+        logging.ERROR: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="red"),
+        logging.CRITICAL: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="bright_red"),
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fmt: str | None = None,
+        datefmt: str | None = None,
+        style: Literal["%", "{", "$"] = "%",
+        use_colors: bool | None = None,
+    ):
+        if use_colors in (True, False):
+            self.use_colors = use_colors
+        else:
+            self.use_colors = sys.stdout.isatty()
+        super().__init__(fmt=fmt, datefmt=datefmt, style=style)
+
+    def color_level_name(self, level_name: str, level_no: int) -> str:
+        def default(level_name: str) -> str:
+            return str(level_name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+        func = self.level_name_colors.get(level_no, default)
+        return func(level_name)
+
+    def should_use_colors(self) -> bool:
+        return True  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def formatMessage(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        recordcopy = copy(record)
+        levelname = recordcopy.levelname
+        separator = " " * (8 - len(recordcopy.levelname))
+        if self.use_colors:
+            levelname = self.color_level_name(levelname, recordcopy.levelno)
+            if "color_message" in recordcopy.__dict__:
+                recordcopy.msg = recordcopy.__dict__["color_message"]
+                recordcopy.__dict__["message"] = recordcopy.getMessage()
+        recordcopy.__dict__["levelprefix"] = levelname + ":" + separator
+        return super().formatMessage(recordcopy)
+
+
+class DefaultFormatter(ColourizedFormatter):
+    def should_use_colors(self) -> bool:
+        return sys.stderr.isatty()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AccessFormatter(ColourizedFormatter):
+    status_code_colours = {
+        1: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="bright_white"),
+        2: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="green"),
+        3: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="yellow"),
+        4: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="red"),
+        5: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="bright_red"),
+    }
+
+    def get_status_code(self, status_code: int) -> str:
+        try:
+            status_phrase = http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase
+        except ValueError:
+            status_phrase = ""
+        status_and_phrase = f"{status_code} {status_phrase}"
+        if self.use_colors:
+
+            def default(code: int) -> str:
+                return status_and_phrase  # pragma: no cover
+
+            func = self.status_code_colours.get(status_code // 100, default)
+            return func(status_and_phrase)
+        return status_and_phrase
+
+    def formatMessage(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        recordcopy = copy(record)
+        (
+            client_addr,
+            method,
+            full_path,
+            http_version,
+            status_code,
+        ) = recordcopy.args  # type: ignore[misc]
+        status_code = self.get_status_code(int(status_code))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        request_line = f"{method} {full_path} HTTP/{http_version}"
+        if self.use_colors:
+            request_line = click.style(request_line, bold=True)
+        recordcopy.__dict__.update(
+            {
+                "client_addr": client_addr,
+                "request_line": request_line,
+                "status_code": status_code,
+            }
+        )
+        return super().formatMessage(recordcopy)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/__init__.py
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index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/asyncio.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad6121e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+def asyncio_loop_factory(use_subprocess: bool = False) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]:
+    if sys.platform == "win32" and not use_subprocess:
+        return asyncio.ProactorEventLoop
+    return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/auto.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1908399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+def auto_loop_factory(use_subprocess: bool = False) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]:
+    try:
+        import uvloop  # noqa
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        from uvicorn.loops.asyncio import asyncio_loop_factory as loop_factory
+
+        return loop_factory(use_subprocess=use_subprocess)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        from uvicorn.loops.uvloop import uvloop_loop_factory
+
+        return uvloop_loop_factory(use_subprocess=use_subprocess)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/uvloop.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/uvloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6692c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/uvloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+import uvloop
+
+
+def uvloop_loop_factory(use_subprocess: bool = False) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]:
+    return uvloop.new_event_loop
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8eb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import ssl
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from configparser import RawConfigParser
+from typing import IO, Any, get_args
+
+import click
+
+import uvicorn
+from uvicorn._types import ASGIApplication
+from uvicorn.config import (
+    INTERFACES,
+    LIFESPAN,
+    LOG_LEVELS,
+    LOGGING_CONFIG,
+    SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    Config,
+    HTTPProtocolType,
+    InterfaceType,
+    LifespanType,
+    LoopFactoryType,
+    WSProtocolType,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import Server
+from uvicorn.supervisors import ChangeReload, Multiprocess
+
+LEVEL_CHOICES = click.Choice(list(LOG_LEVELS.keys()))
+LIFESPAN_CHOICES = click.Choice(list(LIFESPAN.keys()))
+INTERFACE_CHOICES = click.Choice(INTERFACES)
+
+
+def _metavar_from_type(_type: Any) -> str:
+    return f"[{'|'.join(key for key in get_args(_type) if key != 'none')}]"
+
+
+STARTUP_FAILURE = 3
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+def print_version(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+    click.echo(
+        "Running uvicorn {version} with {py_implementation} {py_version} on {system}".format(  # noqa: UP032
+            version=uvicorn.__version__,
+            py_implementation=platform.python_implementation(),
+            py_version=platform.python_version(),
+            system=platform.system(),
+        )
+    )
+    ctx.exit()
+
+
+@click.command(context_settings={"auto_envvar_prefix": "UVICORN"})
+@click.argument("app", envvar="UVICORN_APP")
+@click.option(
+    "--host",
+    type=str,
+    default="127.0.0.1",
+    help="Bind socket to this host.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--port",
+    type=int,
+    default=8000,
+    help="Bind socket to this port. If 0, an available port will be picked.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option("--uds", type=str, default=None, help="Bind to a UNIX domain socket.")
+@click.option("--fd", type=int, default=None, help="Bind to socket from this file descriptor.")
+@click.option("--reload", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Enable auto-reload.")
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-dir",
+    "reload_dirs",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Set reload directories explicitly, instead of using the current working directory.",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-include",
+    "reload_includes",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Set glob patterns to include while watching for files. Includes '*.py' "
+    "by default; these defaults can be overridden with `--reload-exclude`. "
+    "This option has no effect unless watchfiles is installed.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-exclude",
+    "reload_excludes",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Set glob patterns to exclude while watching for files. Includes "
+    "'.*, .py[cod], .sw.*, ~*' by default; these defaults can be overridden "
+    "with `--reload-include`. This option has no effect unless watchfiles is "
+    "installed.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-delay",
+    type=float,
+    default=0.25,
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Delay between previous and next check if application needs to be. Defaults to 0.25s.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--workers",
+    default=None,
+    type=int,
+    help="Number of worker processes. Defaults to the $WEB_CONCURRENCY environment"
+    " variable if available, or 1. Not valid with --reload.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--loop",
+    type=str,
+    metavar=_metavar_from_type(LoopFactoryType),
+    default="auto",
+    help="Event loop factory implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--http",
+    type=str,
+    metavar=_metavar_from_type(HTTPProtocolType),
+    default="auto",
+    help="HTTP protocol implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws",
+    type=str,
+    metavar=_metavar_from_type(WSProtocolType),
+    default="auto",
+    help="WebSocket protocol implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-max-size",
+    type=int,
+    default=16777216,
+    help="WebSocket max size message in bytes",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-max-queue",
+    type=int,
+    default=32,
+    help="The maximum length of the WebSocket message queue.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-ping-interval",
+    type=float,
+    default=20.0,
+    help="WebSocket ping interval in seconds.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-ping-timeout",
+    type=float,
+    default=20.0,
+    help="WebSocket ping timeout in seconds.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-per-message-deflate",
+    type=bool,
+    default=True,
+    help="WebSocket per-message-deflate compression",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--lifespan",
+    type=LIFESPAN_CHOICES,
+    default="auto",
+    help="Lifespan implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--interface",
+    type=INTERFACE_CHOICES,
+    default="auto",
+    help="Select ASGI3, ASGI2, or WSGI as the application interface.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--env-file",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+    default=None,
+    help="Environment configuration file.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--log-config",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+    default=None,
+    help="Logging configuration file. Supported formats: .ini, .json, .yaml.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--log-level",
+    type=LEVEL_CHOICES,
+    default=None,
+    help="Log level. [default: info]",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--access-log/--no-access-log",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable access log.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--use-colors/--no-use-colors",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Enable/Disable colorized logging.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--proxy-headers/--no-proxy-headers",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable X-Forwarded-Proto, X-Forwarded-For to populate url scheme and remote address info.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--server-header/--no-server-header",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable default Server header.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--date-header/--no-date-header",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable default Date header.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--forwarded-allow-ips",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Comma separated list of IP Addresses, IP Networks, or literals "
+    "(e.g. UNIX Socket path) to trust with proxy headers. Defaults to the "
+    "$FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS environment variable if available, or '127.0.0.1'. "
+    "The literal '*' means trust everything.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--root-path",
+    type=str,
+    default="",
+    help="Set the ASGI 'root_path' for applications submounted below a given URL path.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--limit-concurrency",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Maximum number of concurrent connections or tasks to allow, before issuing HTTP 503 responses.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--backlog",
+    type=int,
+    default=2048,
+    help="Maximum number of connections to hold in backlog",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--limit-max-requests",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Maximum number of requests to service before terminating the process.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--limit-max-requests-jitter",
+    type=int,
+    default=0,
+    help="Maximum jitter to add to limit_max_requests."
+    " Staggers worker restarts to avoid all workers restarting simultaneously.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout-keep-alive",
+    type=int,
+    default=5,
+    help="Close Keep-Alive connections if no new data is received within this timeout (in seconds).",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout-graceful-shutdown",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Maximum number of seconds to wait for graceful shutdown.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout-worker-healthcheck",
+    type=int,
+    default=5,
+    help="Maximum number of seconds to wait for a worker to respond to a healthcheck.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option("--ssl-keyfile", type=str, default=None, help="SSL key file", show_default=True)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-certfile",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="SSL certificate file",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-keyfile-password",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="SSL keyfile password",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-version",
+    type=int,
+    default=int(SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION),
+    help="SSL version to use (see stdlib ssl module's)",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-cert-reqs",
+    type=int,
+    default=int(ssl.CERT_NONE),
+    help="Whether client certificate is required (see stdlib ssl module's)",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-ca-certs",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="CA certificates file",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-ciphers",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Ciphers to use (see stdlib ssl module's). Defaults to OpenSSL's safe defaults.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--header",
+    "headers",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Specify custom default HTTP response headers as a Name:Value pair",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--version",
+    is_flag=True,
+    callback=print_version,
+    expose_value=False,
+    is_eager=True,
+    help="Display the uvicorn version and exit.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--app-dir",
+    default="",
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Look for APP in the specified directory, by adding this to the PYTHONPATH."
+    " Defaults to the current working directory.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--h11-max-incomplete-event-size",
+    "h11_max_incomplete_event_size",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="For h11, the maximum number of bytes to buffer of an incomplete event.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reset-contextvars",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Run each ASGI request in a fresh contextvars.Context. Hides context set in the lifespan.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--factory",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Treat APP as an application factory, i.e. a () -> <ASGI app> callable.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+def main(
+    app: str,
+    host: str,
+    port: int,
+    uds: str,
+    fd: int,
+    loop: LoopFactoryType | str,
+    http: HTTPProtocolType | str,
+    ws: WSProtocolType | str,
+    ws_max_size: int,
+    ws_max_queue: int,
+    ws_ping_interval: float,
+    ws_ping_timeout: float,
+    ws_per_message_deflate: bool,
+    lifespan: LifespanType,
+    interface: InterfaceType,
+    reload: bool,
+    reload_dirs: list[str],
+    reload_includes: list[str],
+    reload_excludes: list[str],
+    reload_delay: float,
+    workers: int,
+    env_file: str,
+    log_config: str,
+    log_level: str,
+    access_log: bool,
+    proxy_headers: bool,
+    server_header: bool,
+    date_header: bool,
+    forwarded_allow_ips: str,
+    root_path: str,
+    limit_concurrency: int,
+    backlog: int,
+    limit_max_requests: int,
+    limit_max_requests_jitter: int,
+    timeout_keep_alive: int,
+    timeout_graceful_shutdown: int | None,
+    timeout_worker_healthcheck: int,
+    ssl_keyfile: str,
+    ssl_certfile: str,
+    ssl_keyfile_password: str,
+    ssl_version: int,
+    ssl_cert_reqs: int,
+    ssl_ca_certs: str,
+    ssl_ciphers: str | None,
+    headers: list[str],
+    use_colors: bool,
+    app_dir: str,
+    h11_max_incomplete_event_size: int | None,
+    reset_contextvars: bool,
+    factory: bool,
+) -> None:
+    run(
+        app,
+        host=host,
+        port=port,
+        uds=uds,
+        fd=fd,
+        loop=loop,
+        http=http,
+        ws=ws,
+        ws_max_size=ws_max_size,
+        ws_max_queue=ws_max_queue,
+        ws_ping_interval=ws_ping_interval,
+        ws_ping_timeout=ws_ping_timeout,
+        ws_per_message_deflate=ws_per_message_deflate,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        env_file=env_file,
+        log_config=LOGGING_CONFIG if log_config is None else log_config,
+        log_level=log_level,
+        access_log=access_log,
+        interface=interface,
+        reload=reload,
+        reload_dirs=reload_dirs or None,
+        reload_includes=reload_includes or None,
+        reload_excludes=reload_excludes or None,
+        reload_delay=reload_delay,
+        workers=workers,
+        proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+        server_header=server_header,
+        date_header=date_header,
+        forwarded_allow_ips=forwarded_allow_ips,
+        root_path=root_path,
+        limit_concurrency=limit_concurrency,
+        backlog=backlog,
+        limit_max_requests=limit_max_requests,
+        limit_max_requests_jitter=limit_max_requests_jitter,
+        timeout_keep_alive=timeout_keep_alive,
+        timeout_graceful_shutdown=timeout_graceful_shutdown,
+        timeout_worker_healthcheck=timeout_worker_healthcheck,
+        ssl_keyfile=ssl_keyfile,
+        ssl_certfile=ssl_certfile,
+        ssl_keyfile_password=ssl_keyfile_password,
+        ssl_version=ssl_version,
+        ssl_cert_reqs=ssl_cert_reqs,
+        ssl_ca_certs=ssl_ca_certs,
+        ssl_ciphers=ssl_ciphers,
+        headers=[header.split(":", 1) for header in headers],  # type: ignore[misc]
+        use_colors=use_colors,
+        factory=factory,
+        app_dir=app_dir,
+        h11_max_incomplete_event_size=h11_max_incomplete_event_size,
+        reset_contextvars=reset_contextvars,
+    )
+
+
+def run(
+    app: ASGIApplication | Callable[..., Any] | str,
+    *,
+    host: str = "127.0.0.1",
+    port: int = 8000,
+    uds: str | None = None,
+    fd: int | None = None,
+    loop: LoopFactoryType | str = "auto",
+    http: type[asyncio.Protocol] | HTTPProtocolType | str = "auto",
+    ws: type[asyncio.Protocol] | WSProtocolType | str = "auto",
+    ws_max_size: int = 16777216,
+    ws_max_queue: int = 32,
+    ws_ping_interval: float | None = 20.0,
+    ws_ping_timeout: float | None = 20.0,
+    ws_per_message_deflate: bool = True,
+    lifespan: LifespanType = "auto",
+    interface: InterfaceType = "auto",
+    reload: bool = False,
+    reload_dirs: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    reload_includes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    reload_excludes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    reload_delay: float = 0.25,
+    workers: int | None = None,
+    env_file: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    log_config: dict[str, Any] | str | os.PathLike[str] | RawConfigParser | IO[Any] | None = LOGGING_CONFIG,
+    log_level: str | int | None = None,
+    access_log: bool = True,
+    proxy_headers: bool = True,
+    server_header: bool = True,
+    date_header: bool = True,
+    forwarded_allow_ips: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    root_path: str = "",
+    limit_concurrency: int | None = None,
+    backlog: int = 2048,
+    limit_max_requests: int | None = None,
+    limit_max_requests_jitter: int = 0,
+    timeout_keep_alive: int = 5,
+    timeout_graceful_shutdown: int | None = None,
+    timeout_worker_healthcheck: int = 5,
+    ssl_keyfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    ssl_certfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    ssl_keyfile_password: str | None = None,
+    ssl_version: int = SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    ssl_cert_reqs: int = ssl.CERT_NONE,
+    ssl_ca_certs: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    ssl_ciphers: str | None = None,
+    ssl_context_factory: Callable[[Config, Callable[[], ssl.SSLContext]], ssl.SSLContext] | None = None,
+    headers: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    use_colors: bool | None = None,
+    app_dir: str | None = None,
+    factory: bool = False,
+    h11_max_incomplete_event_size: int | None = None,
+    reset_contextvars: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    if app_dir is not None:
+        sys.path.insert(0, app_dir)
+
+    config = Config(
+        app,
+        host=host,
+        port=port,
+        uds=uds,
+        fd=fd,
+        loop=loop,
+        http=http,
+        ws=ws,
+        ws_max_size=ws_max_size,
+        ws_max_queue=ws_max_queue,
+        ws_ping_interval=ws_ping_interval,
+        ws_ping_timeout=ws_ping_timeout,
+        ws_per_message_deflate=ws_per_message_deflate,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        interface=interface,
+        reload=reload,
+        reload_dirs=reload_dirs,
+        reload_includes=reload_includes,
+        reload_excludes=reload_excludes,
+        reload_delay=reload_delay,
+        workers=workers,
+        env_file=env_file,
+        log_config=log_config,
+        log_level=log_level,
+        access_log=access_log,
+        proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+        server_header=server_header,
+        date_header=date_header,
+        forwarded_allow_ips=forwarded_allow_ips,
+        root_path=root_path,
+        limit_concurrency=limit_concurrency,
+        backlog=backlog,
+        limit_max_requests=limit_max_requests,
+        limit_max_requests_jitter=limit_max_requests_jitter,
+        timeout_keep_alive=timeout_keep_alive,
+        timeout_graceful_shutdown=timeout_graceful_shutdown,
+        timeout_worker_healthcheck=timeout_worker_healthcheck,
+        ssl_keyfile=ssl_keyfile,
+        ssl_certfile=ssl_certfile,
+        ssl_keyfile_password=ssl_keyfile_password,
+        ssl_version=ssl_version,
+        ssl_cert_reqs=ssl_cert_reqs,
+        ssl_ca_certs=ssl_ca_certs,
+        ssl_ciphers=ssl_ciphers,
+        ssl_context_factory=ssl_context_factory,
+        headers=headers,
+        use_colors=use_colors,
+        factory=factory,
+        h11_max_incomplete_event_size=h11_max_incomplete_event_size,
+        reset_contextvars=reset_contextvars,
+    )
+    if (config.reload or config.workers > 1) and not isinstance(app, str):
+        logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        logger.warning("You must pass the application as an import string to enable 'reload' or 'workers'.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    config.load_app()
+    server = Server(config=config)
+
+    try:
+        if config.should_reload:
+            sock = config.bind_socket()
+            ChangeReload(config, target=server.run, sockets=[sock]).run()
+        elif config.workers > 1:
+            sock = config.bind_socket()
+            Multiprocess(config, target=server.run, sockets=[sock]).run()
+        else:
+            server.run()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: full coverage
+        pass
+    finally:
+        if config.uds and os.path.exists(config.uds):
+            os.remove(config.uds)  # pragma: py-win32
+
+    if not server.started and not config.should_reload and config.workers == 1:
+        sys.exit(STARTUP_FAILURE)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    if name == "ServerState":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "uvicorn.main.ServerState is deprecated, use uvicorn.server.ServerState instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+        return ServerState
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {name}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()  # pragma: no cover
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/asgi2.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/asgi2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e15d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/asgi2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI2Application,
+    ASGIReceiveCallable,
+    ASGISendCallable,
+    Scope,
+)
+
+
+class ASGI2Middleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: "ASGI2Application"):
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: "Scope", receive: "ASGIReceiveCallable", send: "ASGISendCallable") -> None:
+        instance = self.app(scope)
+        await instance(receive, send)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/message_logger.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/message_logger.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0174bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/message_logger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import logging
+from typing import Any
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGIReceiveCallable,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendCallable,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    WWWScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+
+PLACEHOLDER_FORMAT = {
+    "body": "<{length} bytes>",
+    "bytes": "<{length} bytes>",
+    "text": "<{length} chars>",
+    "headers": "<...>",
+}
+
+
+def message_with_placeholders(message: Any) -> Any:
+    """
+    Return an ASGI message, with any body-type content omitted and replaced
+    with a placeholder.
+    """
+    new_message = message.copy()
+    for attr in PLACEHOLDER_FORMAT.keys():
+        if message.get(attr) is not None:
+            content = message[attr]
+            placeholder = PLACEHOLDER_FORMAT[attr].format(length=len(content))
+            new_message[attr] = placeholder
+    return new_message
+
+
+class MessageLoggerMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: "ASGI3Application"):
+        self.task_counter = 0
+        self.app = app
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.asgi")
+
+        def trace(message: Any, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, message, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.logger.trace = trace  # type: ignore
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        scope: "WWWScope",
+        receive: "ASGIReceiveCallable",
+        send: "ASGISendCallable",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.task_counter += 1
+
+        task_counter = self.task_counter
+        client = scope.get("client")
+        prefix = "%s:%d - ASGI" % (client[0], client[1]) if client else "ASGI"
+
+        async def inner_receive() -> "ASGIReceiveEvent":
+            message = await receive()
+            logged_message = message_with_placeholders(message)
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Receive %s"
+            self.logger.trace(  # type: ignore
+                log_text, prefix, task_counter, logged_message
+            )
+            return message
+
+        async def inner_send(message: "ASGISendEvent") -> None:
+            logged_message = message_with_placeholders(message)
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Send %s"
+            self.logger.trace(  # type: ignore
+                log_text, prefix, task_counter, logged_message
+            )
+            await send(message)
+
+        logged_scope = message_with_placeholders(scope)
+        log_text = "%s [%d] Started scope=%s"
+        self.logger.trace(log_text, prefix, task_counter, logged_scope)  # type: ignore
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, inner_receive, inner_send)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Raised exception"
+            self.logger.trace(log_text, prefix, task_counter)  # type: ignore
+            raise exc from None
+        else:
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Completed"
+            self.logger.trace(log_text, prefix, task_counter)  # type: ignore
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f194469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+
+from uvicorn._types import ASGI3Application, ASGIReceiveCallable, ASGISendCallable, Scope
+
+
+class ProxyHeadersMiddleware:
+    """Middleware for handling known proxy headers
+
+    This middleware can be used when a known proxy is fronting the application,
+    and is trusted to be properly setting the `X-Forwarded-Proto` and
+    `X-Forwarded-For` headers with the connecting client information.
+
+    Modifies the `client` and `scheme` information so that they reference
+    the connecting client, rather that the connecting proxy.
+
+    References:
+    - <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers#Proxies>
+    - <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGI3Application, trusted_hosts: list[str] | str = "127.0.0.1") -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.trusted_hosts = _TrustedHosts(trusted_hosts)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            return await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+        client_addr = scope.get("client")
+        client_host = client_addr[0] if client_addr else None
+
+        if client_host in self.trusted_hosts:
+            x_forwarded_proto_value: bytes | None = None
+            x_forwarded_for_values: list[bytes] = []
+            for name, value in scope["headers"]:
+                if name == b"x-forwarded-proto":
+                    x_forwarded_proto_value = value
+                elif name == b"x-forwarded-for":
+                    x_forwarded_for_values.append(value)
+
+            if x_forwarded_proto_value is not None:
+                x_forwarded_proto = x_forwarded_proto_value.decode("latin1").strip()
+
+                if x_forwarded_proto in {"http", "https", "ws", "wss"}:
+                    if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+                        scope["scheme"] = x_forwarded_proto.replace("http", "ws")
+                    else:
+                        scope["scheme"] = x_forwarded_proto
+
+            if x_forwarded_for_values:
+                x_forwarded_for = b", ".join(x_forwarded_for_values).decode("latin1")
+                host, port = self.trusted_hosts.get_trusted_client_address(x_forwarded_for)
+
+                if host:
+                    # If the x-forwarded-for header is empty then host is an empty string.
+                    # Only set the client if we actually got something usable.
+                    # See: https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/1068
+                    scope["client"] = (host, port)
+
+        return await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+def _parse_raw_hosts(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [item.strip() for item in value.split(",")]
+
+
+def _parse_host_port(value: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """Parse a forwarded host value into host and optional port.
+
+    Accepts bare IPs, IPv4 `host:port`, and bracketed IPv6 `[host]:port`.
+    Any unrecognized or malformed value is treated conservatively and returned
+    without a port so trust checks do not silently normalize arbitrary input.
+    """
+
+    if value.startswith("["):
+        bracket_end = value.find("]")
+        if bracket_end == -1:
+            return value, 0
+
+        host = value[1:bracket_end]
+        remainder = value[bracket_end + 1 :]
+        if not remainder:
+            return host, 0
+        if not remainder.startswith(":"):
+            return value, 0
+
+        try:
+            return host, int(remainder[1:])
+        except ValueError:
+            return host, 0
+
+    if value.count(":") == 1:
+        host, port = value.rsplit(":", 1)
+        try:
+            return host, int(port)
+        except ValueError:
+            return value, 0
+
+    return value, 0
+
+
+class _TrustedHosts:
+    """Container for trusted hosts and networks"""
+
+    def __init__(self, trusted_hosts: list[str] | str) -> None:
+        self.always_trust: bool = trusted_hosts in ("*", ["*"])
+
+        self.trusted_literals: set[str] = set()
+        self.trusted_hosts: set[ipaddress.IPv4Address | ipaddress.IPv6Address] = set()
+        self.trusted_networks: set[ipaddress.IPv4Network | ipaddress.IPv6Network] = set()
+
+        # Notes:
+        # - We separate hosts from literals as there are many ways to write
+        #   an IPv6 Address so we need to compare by object.
+        # - We don't convert IP Address to single host networks (e.g. /32 / 128) as
+        #   it more efficient to do an address lookup in a set than check for
+        #   membership in each network.
+        # - We still allow literals as it might be possible that we receive a
+        #   something that isn't an IP Address e.g. a unix socket.
+
+        if not self.always_trust:
+            if isinstance(trusted_hosts, str):
+                trusted_hosts = _parse_raw_hosts(trusted_hosts)
+
+            for host in trusted_hosts:
+                # Note: because we always convert invalid IP types to literals it
+                # is not possible for the user to know they provided a malformed IP
+                # type - this may lead to unexpected / difficult to debug behaviour.
+
+                if "/" in host:
+                    # Looks like a network
+                    try:
+                        self.trusted_networks.add(ipaddress.ip_network(host))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # Was not a valid IP Network
+                        self.trusted_literals.add(host)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self.trusted_hosts.add(ipaddress.ip_address(host))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # Was not a valid IP Address
+                        self.trusted_literals.add(host)
+
+    def __contains__(self, host: str | None) -> bool:
+        if self.always_trust:
+            return True
+
+        if not host:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            ip = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+            if ip in self.trusted_hosts:
+                return True
+            return any(ip in net for net in self.trusted_networks)
+
+        except ValueError:
+            return host in self.trusted_literals
+
+    def get_trusted_client_address(self, x_forwarded_for: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        """Extract the client address from x_forwarded_for header.
+
+        In general this is the first "untrusted" host in the forwarded for list.
+        """
+        x_forwarded_for_hosts = _parse_raw_hosts(x_forwarded_for)
+
+        if self.always_trust:
+            return _parse_host_port(x_forwarded_for_hosts[0])
+
+        # Note: each proxy appends to the header list so check it in reverse order
+        for host_port in reversed(x_forwarded_for_hosts):
+            host, port = _parse_host_port(host_port)
+            if host not in self:
+                return host, port
+
+        # All hosts are trusted meaning that the client was also a trusted proxy
+        # See https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/1068#issuecomment-855371576
+        return _parse_host_port(x_forwarded_for_hosts[0])
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/wsgi.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2e3cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import io
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGIReceiveCallable,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendCallable,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    Environ,
+    ExcInfo,
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPResponseBodyEvent,
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent,
+    HTTPScope,
+    StartResponse,
+    WSGIApp,
+)
+
+
+def build_environ(scope: HTTPScope, message: ASGIReceiveEvent, body: io.BytesIO) -> Environ:
+    """
+    Builds a scope and request message into a WSGI environ object.
+    """
+    script_name = scope.get("root_path", "").encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    path_info = scope["path"].encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    if path_info.startswith(script_name):
+        path_info = path_info[len(script_name) :]
+    environ = {
+        "REQUEST_METHOD": scope["method"],
+        "SCRIPT_NAME": script_name,
+        "PATH_INFO": path_info,
+        "QUERY_STRING": scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"),
+        "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/%s" % scope["http_version"],
+        "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+        "wsgi.url_scheme": scope.get("scheme", "http"),
+        "wsgi.input": body,
+        "wsgi.errors": sys.stdout,
+        "wsgi.multithread": True,
+        "wsgi.multiprocess": True,
+        "wsgi.run_once": False,
+    }
+
+    # Get server name and port - required in WSGI, not in ASGI
+    server = scope.get("server")
+    if server is None:
+        server = ("localhost", 80)
+    environ["SERVER_NAME"] = server[0]
+    environ["SERVER_PORT"] = server[1]
+
+    # Get client IP address
+    client = scope.get("client")
+    if client is not None:
+        environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = client[0]
+
+    # Go through headers and make them into environ entries
+    for name, value in scope.get("headers", []):
+        name_str: str = name.decode("latin1")
+        if name_str == "content-length":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_LENGTH"
+        elif name_str == "content-type":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_TYPE"
+        else:
+            corrected_name = "HTTP_%s" % name_str.upper().replace("-", "_")
+        # HTTPbis say only ASCII chars are allowed in headers, but we latin1
+        # just in case
+        value_str: str = value.decode("latin1")
+        if corrected_name in environ:
+            corrected_name_environ = environ[corrected_name]
+            assert isinstance(corrected_name_environ, str)
+            value_str = corrected_name_environ + "," + value_str
+        environ[corrected_name] = value_str
+    return environ
+
+
+class _WSGIMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: WSGIApp, workers: int = 10):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Uvicorn's native WSGI implementation is deprecated, you should switch to a2wsgi (`pip install a2wsgi`).",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        self.app = app
+        self.executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers)
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+        receive: ASGIReceiveCallable,
+        send: ASGISendCallable,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        instance = WSGIResponder(self.app, self.executor, scope)
+        await instance(receive, send)
+
+
+class WSGIResponder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApp,
+        executor: concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+    ):
+        self.app = app
+        self.executor = executor
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.status = None
+        self.response_headers = None
+        self.send_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.send_queue: deque[ASGISendEvent | None] = deque()
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.exc_info: ExcInfo | None = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+        message: HTTPRequestEvent = await receive()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        body = io.BytesIO(message.get("body", b""))
+        more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+        if more_body:
+            body.seek(0, io.SEEK_END)
+            while more_body:
+                body_message: HTTPRequestEvent = (
+                    await receive()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                )
+                body.write(body_message.get("body", b""))
+                more_body = body_message.get("more_body", False)
+            body.seek(0)
+        environ = build_environ(self.scope, message, body)
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        wsgi = self.loop.run_in_executor(self.executor, self.wsgi, environ, self.start_response)
+        sender = self.loop.create_task(self.sender(send))
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(wsgi, None)
+        finally:
+            self.send_queue.append(None)
+            self.send_event.set()
+            await asyncio.wait_for(sender, None)
+        if self.exc_info is not None:
+            raise self.exc_info[0].with_traceback(self.exc_info[1], self.exc_info[2])
+
+    async def sender(self, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+        while True:
+            if self.send_queue:
+                message = self.send_queue.popleft()
+                if message is None:
+                    return
+                await send(message)
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                await self.send_event.wait()
+                self.send_event.clear()
+
+    def start_response(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        response_headers: Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        exc_info: ExcInfo | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+        if not self.response_started:
+            self.response_started = True
+            status_code_str, _ = status.split(" ", 1)
+            status_code = int(status_code_str)
+            headers = [(name.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii")) for name, value in response_headers]
+            http_response_start_event: HTTPResponseStartEvent = {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": status_code,
+                "headers": headers,
+            }
+            self.send_queue.append(http_response_start_event)
+            self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.send_event.set)
+
+    def wsgi(self, environ: Environ, start_response: StartResponse) -> None:
+        for chunk in self.app(environ, start_response):  # type: ignore
+            response_body: HTTPResponseBodyEvent = {
+                "type": "http.response.body",
+                "body": chunk,
+                "more_body": True,
+            }
+            self.send_queue.append(response_body)
+            self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.send_event.set)
+
+        empty_body: HTTPResponseBodyEvent = {
+            "type": "http.response.body",
+            "body": b"",
+            "more_body": False,
+        }
+        self.send_queue.append(empty_body)
+        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.send_event.set)
+
+
+try:
+    from a2wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+    WSGIMiddleware = _WSGIMiddleware  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/__pycache__/httptools_impl.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/__pycache__/httptools_impl.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/auto.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a14bec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+AutoHTTPProtocol: type[asyncio.Protocol]
+try:
+    import httptools  # noqa
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl import H11Protocol
+
+    AutoHTTPProtocol = H11Protocol
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.httptools_impl import HttpToolsProtocol
+
+    AutoHTTPProtocol = HttpToolsProtocol
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/flow_control.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/flow_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d1b5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/flow_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import asyncio
+
+from uvicorn._types import ASGIReceiveCallable, ASGISendCallable, Scope
+
+CLOSE_HEADER = (b"connection", b"close")
+
+HIGH_WATER_LIMIT = 65536
+
+
+class FlowControl:
+    def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport) -> None:
+        self._transport = transport
+        self.read_paused = False
+        self.write_paused = False
+        self._is_writable_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._is_writable_event.set()
+
+    async def drain(self) -> None:
+        await self._is_writable_event.wait()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def pause_reading(self) -> None:
+        if not self.read_paused:
+            self.read_paused = True
+            self._transport.pause_reading()
+
+    def resume_reading(self) -> None:
+        if self.read_paused:
+            self.read_paused = False
+            self._transport.resume_reading()
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        if not self.write_paused:  # pragma: full coverage
+            self.write_paused = True
+            self._is_writable_event.clear()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        if self.write_paused:  # pragma: full coverage
+            self.write_paused = False
+            self._is_writable_event.set()
+
+
+async def service_unavailable(scope: Scope, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+    await send(
+        {
+            "type": "http.response.start",
+            "status": 503,
+            "headers": [
+                (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+                (b"content-length", b"19"),
+                (b"connection", b"close"),
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"Service Unavailable", "more_body": False})
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/h11_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/h11_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb68ea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/h11_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextvars
+import http
+import logging
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import h11
+from h11._connection import DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPResponseBodyEvent,
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent,
+    HTTPScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.http.flow_control import CLOSE_HEADER, HIGH_WATER_LIMIT, FlowControl, service_unavailable
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import get_client_addr, get_local_addr, get_path_with_query_string, get_remote_addr, is_ssl
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+
+def _get_status_phrase(status_code: int) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        return http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase.encode()
+    except ValueError:
+        return b""
+
+
+STATUS_PHRASES = {status_code: _get_status_phrase(status_code) for status_code in range(100, 600)}
+
+
+class H11Protocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = config.loaded_app
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.access_logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access")
+        self.access_log = self.access_logger.hasHandlers()
+        self.conn = h11.Connection(
+            h11.SERVER,
+            config.h11_max_incomplete_event_size
+            if config.h11_max_incomplete_event_size is not None
+            else DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+        self.ws_protocol_class = config.ws_protocol_class
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.limit_concurrency = config.limit_concurrency
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Timeouts
+        self.timeout_keep_alive_task: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.timeout_keep_alive = config.timeout_keep_alive
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.server_state = server_state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+
+        # Per-connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.flow: FlowControl = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["http", "https"] | None = None
+
+        # Per-request state
+        self.scope: HTTPScope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.cycle: RequestResponseCycle = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    # Protocol interface
+    def connection_made(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, transport: asyncio.Transport
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connections.add(self)
+
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = FlowControl(transport)
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "https" if is_ssl(transport) else "http"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection lost", prefix)
+
+        if self.cycle and not self.cycle.response_complete:
+            self.cycle.disconnected = True
+        if self.conn.our_state != h11.ERROR:
+            event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+            try:
+                self.conn.send(event)
+            except h11.LocalProtocolError:
+                # Premature client disconnect
+                pass
+
+        if self.cycle is not None:
+            self.cycle.message_event.set()
+        if self.flow is not None:
+            self.flow.resume_writing()
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+            self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _unset_keepalive_if_required(self) -> None:
+        if self.timeout_keep_alive_task is not None:
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task.cancel()
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task = None
+
+    def _get_upgrade(self) -> bytes | None:
+        connection = []
+        upgrade = None
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"connection":
+                connection = [token.lower().strip() for token in value.split(b",")]
+            if name == b"upgrade":
+                upgrade = value.lower()
+        if b"upgrade" in connection:
+            return upgrade
+        return None
+
+    def _should_upgrade_to_ws(self) -> bool:
+        if self.ws_protocol_class is None:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _unsupported_upgrade_warning(self) -> None:
+        msg = "Unsupported upgrade request."
+        self.logger.warning(msg)
+        if not self._should_upgrade_to_ws():
+            msg = "No supported WebSocket library detected. Please use \"pip install 'uvicorn[standard]'\", or install 'websockets' or 'wsproto' manually."  # noqa: E501
+            self.logger.warning(msg)
+
+    def _should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        upgrade = self._get_upgrade()
+        if upgrade == b"websocket" and self._should_upgrade_to_ws():
+            return True
+        if upgrade is not None:
+            self._unsupported_upgrade_warning()
+        return False
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        self.conn.receive_data(data)
+        self.handle_events()
+
+    def handle_events(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                event = self.conn.next_event()
+            except h11.RemoteProtocolError:
+                msg = "Invalid HTTP request received."
+                self.logger.warning(msg)
+                self.send_400_response(msg)
+                return
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                break
+
+            elif event is h11.PAUSED:
+                # This case can occur in HTTP pipelining, so we need to
+                # stop reading any more data, and ensure that at the end
+                # of the active request/response cycle we handle any
+                # events that have been buffered up.
+                self.flow.pause_reading()
+                break
+
+            elif isinstance(event, h11.Request):
+                self.headers = [(key.lower(), value) for key, value in event.headers]
+                raw_path, _, query_string = event.target.partition(b"?")
+                path = unquote(raw_path.decode("ascii"))
+                full_path = self.root_path + path
+                full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path
+                self.scope = {
+                    "type": "http",
+                    "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.3"},
+                    "http_version": event.http_version.decode("ascii"),
+                    "server": self.server,
+                    "client": self.client,
+                    "scheme": self.scheme,  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+                    "method": event.method.decode("ascii"),
+                    "root_path": self.root_path,
+                    "path": full_path,
+                    "raw_path": full_raw_path,
+                    "query_string": query_string,
+                    "headers": self.headers,
+                    "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+                }
+                if self._should_upgrade():
+                    self.handle_websocket_upgrade(event)
+                    return
+
+                # Handle 503 responses when 'limit_concurrency' is exceeded.
+                if self.limit_concurrency is not None and (
+                    len(self.connections) >= self.limit_concurrency or len(self.tasks) >= self.limit_concurrency
+                ):
+                    app = service_unavailable
+                    message = "Exceeded concurrency limit."
+                    self.logger.warning(message)
+                else:
+                    app = self.app
+
+                # When starting to process a request, disable the keep-alive
+                # timeout. Normally we disable this when receiving data from
+                # client and set back when finishing processing its request.
+                # However, for pipelined requests processing finishes after
+                # already receiving the next request and thus the timer may
+                # be set here, which we don't want.
+                self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+                self.cycle = RequestResponseCycle(
+                    scope=self.scope,
+                    conn=self.conn,
+                    transport=self.transport,
+                    flow=self.flow,
+                    logger=self.logger,
+                    access_logger=self.access_logger,
+                    access_log=self.access_log,
+                    default_headers=self.server_state.default_headers,
+                    message_event=asyncio.Event(),
+                    on_response=self.on_response_complete,
+                )
+                if self.config.reset_contextvars:
+                    # Opt-in workaround for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/140947:
+                    # asyncio can leak context vars between tasks. Hides context set in the
+                    # lifespan or by external instrumentation.
+                    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: py-lt-311
+                        task = self.loop.create_task(self.cycle.run_asgi(app), context=contextvars.Context())
+                    else:  # pragma: py-gte-311
+                        task = contextvars.Context().run(self.loop.create_task, self.cycle.run_asgi(app))
+                else:
+                    task = self.loop.create_task(self.cycle.run_asgi(app))
+                task.add_done_callback(self.tasks.discard)
+                self.tasks.add(task)
+
+            elif isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                if self.conn.our_state is h11.DONE:
+                    continue
+                self.cycle.body += event.data
+                if len(self.cycle.body) > HIGH_WATER_LIMIT:
+                    self.flow.pause_reading()
+                self.cycle.message_event.set()
+
+            elif isinstance(event, h11.EndOfMessage):
+                if self.conn.our_state is h11.DONE:
+                    self.transport.resume_reading()
+                    self.conn.start_next_cycle()
+                    continue
+                self.cycle.more_body = False
+                self.cycle.message_event.set()
+                if self.conn.their_state == h11.MUST_CLOSE:
+                    break
+
+    def handle_websocket_upgrade(self, event: h11.Request) -> None:
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:  # pragma: full coverage
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sUpgrading to WebSocket", prefix)
+
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+        output = [event.method, b" ", event.target, b" HTTP/1.1\r\n"]
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            output += [name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"]
+        output.append(b"\r\n")
+        protocol = self.ws_protocol_class(  # type: ignore[call-arg, misc]
+            config=self.config,
+            server_state=self.server_state,
+            app_state=self.app_state,
+        )
+        protocol.connection_made(self.transport)
+        protocol.data_received(b"".join(output))
+        self.transport.set_protocol(protocol)
+
+    def send_400_response(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        reason = STATUS_PHRASES[400]
+        headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = [
+            (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+            (b"connection", b"close"),
+        ]
+        event = h11.Response(status_code=400, headers=headers, reason=reason)
+        output = self.conn.send(event)
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+        output = self.conn.send(event=h11.Data(data=msg.encode("ascii")))
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+        output = self.conn.send(event=h11.EndOfMessage())
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_response_complete(self) -> None:
+        self.server_state.total_requests += 1
+
+        if self.transport.is_closing():
+            return
+
+        # Set a short Keep-Alive timeout.
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        self.timeout_keep_alive_task = self.loop.call_later(self.timeout_keep_alive, self.timeout_keep_alive_handler)
+
+        # Unpause data reads if needed.
+        self.flow.resume_reading()
+
+        # Unblock any pipelined events.
+        if self.conn.our_state is h11.DONE and self.conn.their_state is h11.DONE:
+            self.conn.start_next_cycle()
+            self.handle_events()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the server to commence a graceful shutdown.
+        """
+        if self.cycle is None or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+            self.conn.send(event)
+            self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            self.cycle.keep_alive = False
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer exceeds the high water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.pause_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer drops below the low water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.resume_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def timeout_keep_alive_handler(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called on a keep-alive connection if no new data is received after a short
+        delay.
+        """
+        if not self.transport.is_closing():
+            event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+            self.conn.send(event)
+            self.transport.close()
+
+
+class RequestResponseCycle:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+        conn: h11.Connection,
+        transport: asyncio.Transport,
+        flow: FlowControl,
+        logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_log: bool,
+        default_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        message_event: asyncio.Event,
+        on_response: Callable[..., None],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.conn = conn
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = flow
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.access_logger = access_logger
+        self.access_log = access_log
+        self.default_headers = default_headers
+        self.message_event = message_event
+        self.on_response = on_response
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.disconnected = False
+        self.keep_alive = True
+        self.waiting_for_100_continue = conn.they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+        # Request state
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        self.more_body = True
+
+        # Response state
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.response_complete = False
+
+    # ASGI exception wrapper
+    async def run_asgi(self, app: ASGI3Application) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await app(  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+                self.scope, self.receive, self.send
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            msg = "Exception in ASGI application\n"
+            self.logger.error(msg, exc_info=exc)
+            if not self.response_started:
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            else:
+                self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            if result is not None:
+                msg = "ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'."
+                self.logger.error(msg, result)
+                self.transport.close()
+            elif not self.response_started and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without starting response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            elif not self.response_complete and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without completing response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                self.transport.close()
+        finally:
+            self.on_response = lambda: None
+
+    async def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        response_start_event: HTTPResponseStartEvent = {
+            "type": "http.response.start",
+            "status": 500,
+            "headers": [
+                (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+                (b"connection", b"close"),
+            ],
+        }
+        await self.send(response_start_event)
+        response_body_event: HTTPResponseBodyEvent = {
+            "type": "http.response.body",
+            "body": b"Internal Server Error",
+            "more_body": False,
+        }
+        await self.send(response_body_event)
+
+    # ASGI interface
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        if self.flow.write_paused and not self.disconnected:
+            await self.flow.drain()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if self.disconnected:
+            return  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if not self.response_started:
+            # Sending response status line and headers
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.start":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.start', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            self.response_started = True
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+            status = message["status"]
+            headers = self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", []))
+
+            if CLOSE_HEADER in self.scope["headers"] and CLOSE_HEADER not in headers:
+                headers = headers + [CLOSE_HEADER]
+
+            if self.access_log:
+                self.access_logger.info(
+                    '%s - "%s %s HTTP/%s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["method"],
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["http_version"],
+                    status,
+                )
+
+            # Write response status line and headers
+            reason = STATUS_PHRASES[status]
+            response = h11.Response(status_code=status, headers=headers, reason=reason)
+            output = self.conn.send(event=response)
+            self.transport.write(output)
+
+        elif not self.response_complete:
+            # Sending response body
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.body":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.body', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+            # Write response body
+            data = b"" if self.scope["method"] == "HEAD" else body
+            output = self.conn.send(event=h11.Data(data=data))
+            self.transport.write(output)
+
+            # Handle response completion
+            if not more_body:
+                self.response_complete = True
+                self.message_event.set()
+                output = self.conn.send(event=h11.EndOfMessage())
+                self.transport.write(output)
+
+        else:
+            # Response already sent
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}' sent, after response already completed.")
+
+        if self.response_complete:
+            if self.conn.our_state is h11.MUST_CLOSE or not self.keep_alive:
+                self.conn.send(event=h11.ConnectionClosed())
+                self.transport.close()
+            self.on_response()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> ASGIReceiveEvent:
+        if self.waiting_for_100_continue and not self.transport.is_closing():
+            headers: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+            event = h11.InformationalResponse(status_code=100, headers=headers, reason="Continue")
+            output = self.conn.send(event=event)
+            self.transport.write(output)
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        if not self.disconnected and not self.response_complete:
+            self.flow.resume_reading()
+            await self.message_event.wait()
+            self.message_event.clear()
+
+        if self.disconnected or self.response_complete:
+            return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+        message: HTTPRequestEvent = {"type": "http.request", "body": bytes(self.body), "more_body": self.more_body}
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        return message
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/httptools_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/httptools_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9c6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/httptools_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextvars
+import http
+import logging
+import re
+import sys
+import urllib
+from asyncio.events import TimerHandle
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+import httptools
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.http.flow_control import CLOSE_HEADER, HIGH_WATER_LIMIT, FlowControl, service_unavailable
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import get_client_addr, get_local_addr, get_path_with_query_string, get_remote_addr, is_ssl
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+HEADER_RE = re.compile(b'[\x00-\x1f\x7f()<>@,;:\\[\\]={} \t\\\\"]')
+HEADER_VALUE_RE = re.compile(b"[\x00-\x08\x0a-\x1f\x7f]")
+
+
+def _get_status_line(status_code: int) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        phrase = http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase.encode()
+    except ValueError:
+        phrase = b""
+    return b"".join([b"HTTP/1.1 ", str(status_code).encode(), b" ", phrase, b"\r\n"])
+
+
+STATUS_LINE = {status_code: _get_status_line(status_code) for status_code in range(100, 600)}
+
+
+class HttpToolsProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = config.loaded_app
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.access_logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access")
+        self.access_log = self.access_logger.hasHandlers()
+        self.parser = httptools.HttpRequestParser(self)
+
+        try:
+            # Enable dangerous leniencies to allow server to a response on the first request from a pipelined request.
+            self.parser.set_dangerous_leniencies(lenient_data_after_close=True)
+        except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # httptools < 0.6.3
+            pass
+
+        self.ws_protocol_class = config.ws_protocol_class
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.limit_concurrency = config.limit_concurrency
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Timeouts
+        self.timeout_keep_alive_task: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.timeout_keep_alive = config.timeout_keep_alive
+
+        # Global state
+        self.server_state = server_state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+
+        # Per-connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.flow: FlowControl = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["http", "https"] | None = None
+        self.pipeline: deque[tuple[RequestResponseCycle, ASGI3Application]] = deque()
+
+        # Per-request state
+        self.scope: HTTPScope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.expect_100_continue = False
+        self.cycle: RequestResponseCycle = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    # Protocol interface
+    def connection_made(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, transport: asyncio.Transport
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connections.add(self)
+
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = FlowControl(transport)
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "https" if is_ssl(transport) else "http"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection lost", prefix)
+
+        if self.cycle and not self.cycle.response_complete:
+            self.cycle.disconnected = True
+        if self.cycle is not None:
+            self.cycle.message_event.set()
+        if self.flow is not None:
+            self.flow.resume_writing()
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+            self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        self.parser = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _unset_keepalive_if_required(self) -> None:
+        if self.timeout_keep_alive_task is not None:
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task.cancel()
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task = None
+
+    def _get_upgrade(self) -> bytes | None:
+        connection = []
+        upgrade = None
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"connection":
+                connection = [token.lower().strip() for token in value.split(b",")]
+            if name == b"upgrade":
+                upgrade = value.lower()
+        if b"upgrade" in connection:
+            return upgrade
+        return None  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def _should_upgrade_to_ws(self) -> bool:
+        if self.ws_protocol_class is None:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _unsupported_upgrade_warning(self) -> None:
+        self.logger.warning("Unsupported upgrade request.")
+        if not self._should_upgrade_to_ws():
+            msg = "No supported WebSocket library detected. Please use \"pip install 'uvicorn[standard]'\", or install 'websockets' or 'wsproto' manually."  # noqa: E501
+            self.logger.warning(msg)
+
+    def _should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        upgrade = self._get_upgrade()
+        return upgrade == b"websocket" and self._should_upgrade_to_ws()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        try:
+            self.parser.feed_data(data)
+        except httptools.HttpParserError:
+            msg = "Invalid HTTP request received."
+            self.logger.warning(msg)
+            self.send_400_response(msg)
+            return
+        except httptools.HttpParserUpgrade:
+            if self._should_upgrade():
+                self.handle_websocket_upgrade()
+            else:
+                self._unsupported_upgrade_warning()
+
+    def handle_websocket_upgrade(self) -> None:
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sUpgrading to WebSocket", prefix)
+
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+        method = self.scope["method"].encode()
+        output = [method, b" ", self.url, b" HTTP/1.1\r\n"]
+        for name, value in self.scope["headers"]:
+            output += [name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"]
+        output.append(b"\r\n")
+        protocol = self.ws_protocol_class(  # type: ignore[call-arg, misc]
+            config=self.config,
+            server_state=self.server_state,
+            app_state=self.app_state,
+        )
+        protocol.connection_made(self.transport)
+        protocol.data_received(b"".join(output))
+        self.transport.set_protocol(protocol)
+
+    def send_400_response(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        content = [STATUS_LINE[400]]
+        for name, value in self.server_state.default_headers:
+            content.extend([name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"])  # pragma: full coverage
+        content.extend(
+            [
+                b"content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n",
+                b"content-length: " + str(len(msg)).encode("ascii") + b"\r\n",
+                b"connection: close\r\n",
+                b"\r\n",
+                msg.encode("ascii"),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_message_begin(self) -> None:
+        self.url = b""
+        self.expect_100_continue = False
+        self.headers = []
+        self.scope = {  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.3"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "scheme": self.scheme,  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "headers": self.headers,
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+        }
+
+    # Parser callbacks
+    def on_url(self, url: bytes) -> None:
+        self.url += url
+
+    def on_header(self, name: bytes, value: bytes) -> None:
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == b"expect" and value.lower() == b"100-continue":
+            self.expect_100_continue = True
+        self.headers.append((name, value))
+
+    def on_headers_complete(self) -> None:
+        http_version = self.parser.get_http_version()
+        method = self.parser.get_method()
+        self.scope["method"] = method.decode("ascii")
+        if http_version != "1.1":
+            self.scope["http_version"] = http_version
+        if self.parser.should_upgrade() and self._should_upgrade():
+            return
+        parsed_url = httptools.parse_url(self.url)
+        raw_path = parsed_url.path
+        path = raw_path.decode("ascii")
+        if "%" in path:
+            path = urllib.parse.unquote(path)
+        full_path = self.root_path + path
+        full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path
+        self.scope["path"] = full_path
+        self.scope["raw_path"] = full_raw_path
+        self.scope["query_string"] = parsed_url.query or b""
+
+        # Handle 503 responses when 'limit_concurrency' is exceeded.
+        if self.limit_concurrency is not None and (
+            len(self.connections) >= self.limit_concurrency or len(self.tasks) >= self.limit_concurrency
+        ):
+            app = service_unavailable
+            message = "Exceeded concurrency limit."
+            self.logger.warning(message)
+        else:
+            app = self.app
+
+        existing_cycle = self.cycle
+        self.cycle = RequestResponseCycle(
+            scope=self.scope,
+            transport=self.transport,
+            flow=self.flow,
+            logger=self.logger,
+            access_logger=self.access_logger,
+            access_log=self.access_log,
+            default_headers=self.server_state.default_headers,
+            message_event=asyncio.Event(),
+            expect_100_continue=self.expect_100_continue,
+            keep_alive=http_version != "1.0",
+            on_response=self.on_response_complete,
+        )
+        if existing_cycle is None or existing_cycle.response_complete:
+            # Standard case - start processing the request.
+            self._start_asgi_task(self.cycle, app)
+        else:
+            # Pipelined HTTP requests need to be queued up.
+            self.flow.pause_reading()
+            self.pipeline.appendleft((self.cycle, app))
+
+    def _start_asgi_task(self, cycle: RequestResponseCycle, app: ASGI3Application) -> None:
+        if self.config.reset_contextvars:
+            # Opt-in workaround for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/140947:
+            # asyncio can leak context vars between tasks. Hides context set in the
+            # lifespan or by external instrumentation.
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: py-lt-311
+                task = self.loop.create_task(cycle.run_asgi(app), context=contextvars.Context())
+            else:  # pragma: py-gte-311
+                task = contextvars.Context().run(self.loop.create_task, cycle.run_asgi(app))
+        else:
+            task = self.loop.create_task(cycle.run_asgi(app))
+        task.add_done_callback(self.tasks.discard)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+
+    def on_body(self, body: bytes) -> None:
+        if (self.parser.should_upgrade() and self._should_upgrade()) or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            return
+        self.cycle.body += body
+        if len(self.cycle.body) > HIGH_WATER_LIMIT:
+            self.flow.pause_reading()
+        self.cycle.message_event.set()
+
+    def on_message_complete(self) -> None:
+        if (self.parser.should_upgrade() and self._should_upgrade()) or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            return
+        self.cycle.more_body = False
+        self.cycle.message_event.set()
+
+    def on_response_complete(self) -> None:
+        # Callback for pipelined HTTP requests to be started.
+        self.server_state.total_requests += 1
+
+        if self.transport.is_closing():
+            return
+
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        # Unpause data reads if needed.
+        self.flow.resume_reading()
+
+        # Unblock any pipelined events. If there are none, arm the
+        # Keep-Alive timeout instead.
+        if self.pipeline:
+            cycle, app = self.pipeline.pop()
+            self._start_asgi_task(cycle, app)
+        else:
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task = self.loop.call_later(
+                self.timeout_keep_alive, self.timeout_keep_alive_handler
+            )
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the server to commence a graceful shutdown.
+        """
+        if self.cycle is None or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            self.cycle.keep_alive = False
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer exceeds the high water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.pause_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer drops below the low water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.resume_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def timeout_keep_alive_handler(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called on a keep-alive connection if no new data is received after a short
+        delay.
+        """
+        if not self.transport.is_closing():
+            self.transport.close()
+
+
+class RequestResponseCycle:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+        transport: asyncio.Transport,
+        flow: FlowControl,
+        logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_log: bool,
+        default_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        message_event: asyncio.Event,
+        expect_100_continue: bool,
+        keep_alive: bool,
+        on_response: Callable[..., None],
+    ):
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = flow
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.access_logger = access_logger
+        self.access_log = access_log
+        self.default_headers = default_headers
+        self.message_event = message_event
+        self.on_response = on_response
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.disconnected = False
+        self.keep_alive = keep_alive
+        self.waiting_for_100_continue = expect_100_continue
+
+        # Request state
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        self.more_body = True
+
+        # Response state
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.response_complete = False
+        self.chunked_encoding: bool | None = None
+        self.expected_content_length = 0
+
+    # ASGI exception wrapper
+    async def run_asgi(self, app: ASGI3Application) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await app(  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+                self.scope, self.receive, self.send
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            msg = "Exception in ASGI application\n"
+            self.logger.error(msg, exc_info=exc)
+            if not self.response_started:
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            else:
+                self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            if result is not None:
+                msg = "ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'."
+                self.logger.error(msg, result)
+                self.transport.close()
+            elif not self.response_started and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without starting response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            elif not self.response_complete and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without completing response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                self.transport.close()
+        finally:
+            self.on_response = lambda: None
+
+    async def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        await self.send(
+            {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": 500,
+                "headers": [
+                    (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+                    (b"content-length", b"21"),
+                    (b"connection", b"close"),
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+        await self.send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"Internal Server Error", "more_body": False})
+
+    # ASGI interface
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        if self.flow.write_paused and not self.disconnected:
+            await self.flow.drain()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if self.disconnected:
+            return  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if not self.response_started:
+            # Sending response status line and headers
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.start":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.start', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            self.response_started = True
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+            status_code = message["status"]
+            headers = self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", []))
+
+            if CLOSE_HEADER in self.scope["headers"] and CLOSE_HEADER not in headers:
+                headers = headers + [CLOSE_HEADER]
+
+            if self.access_log:
+                self.access_logger.info(
+                    '%s - "%s %s HTTP/%s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["method"],
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["http_version"],
+                    status_code,
+                )
+
+            # Write response status line and headers
+            content = [STATUS_LINE[status_code]]
+
+            for name, value in headers:
+                if HEADER_RE.search(name):
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid HTTP header name.")  # pragma: full coverage
+                if HEADER_VALUE_RE.search(value):
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid HTTP header value.")
+
+                name = name.lower()
+                if name == b"content-length" and self.chunked_encoding is None:
+                    self.expected_content_length = int(value.decode())
+                    self.chunked_encoding = False
+                elif name == b"transfer-encoding" and value.lower() == b"chunked":
+                    self.expected_content_length = 0
+                    self.chunked_encoding = True
+                elif name == b"connection" and value.lower() == b"close":
+                    self.keep_alive = False
+                content.extend([name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"])
+
+            if self.chunked_encoding is None and self.scope["method"] != "HEAD" and status_code not in (204, 304):
+                # Neither content-length nor transfer-encoding specified
+                self.chunked_encoding = True
+                content.append(b"transfer-encoding: chunked\r\n")
+
+            content.append(b"\r\n")
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+
+        elif not self.response_complete:
+            # Sending response body
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.body":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.body', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+            # Write response body
+            if self.scope["method"] == "HEAD":
+                self.expected_content_length = 0
+            elif self.chunked_encoding:
+                if body:
+                    content = [b"%x\r\n" % len(body), body, b"\r\n"]
+                else:
+                    content = []
+                if not more_body:
+                    content.append(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+                self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+            else:
+                num_bytes = len(body)
+                if num_bytes > self.expected_content_length:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Response content longer than Content-Length")
+                else:
+                    self.expected_content_length -= num_bytes
+                self.transport.write(body)
+
+            # Handle response completion
+            if not more_body:
+                if self.expected_content_length != 0:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Response content shorter than Content-Length")
+                self.response_complete = True
+                self.message_event.set()
+                if not self.keep_alive:
+                    self.transport.close()
+                self.on_response()
+
+        else:
+            # Response already sent
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}' sent, after response already completed.")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> ASGIReceiveEvent:
+        if self.waiting_for_100_continue and not self.transport.is_closing():
+            self.transport.write(b"HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n")
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        if not self.disconnected and not self.response_complete:
+            self.flow.resume_reading()
+            await self.message_event.wait()
+            self.message_event.clear()
+
+        if self.disconnected or self.response_complete:
+            return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+        message: HTTPRequestEvent = {"type": "http.request", "body": bytes(self.body), "more_body": self.more_body}
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        return message
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9a8906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import socket
+import urllib.parse
+
+from uvicorn._types import WWWScope
+
+
+class ClientDisconnected(OSError): ...
+
+
+def get_remote_addr(transport: asyncio.Transport) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
+    socket_info: socket.socket | None = transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+    if socket_info is not None:
+        try:
+            info = socket_info.getpeername()
+            return (str(info[0]), int(info[1])) if isinstance(info, tuple) else None
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # This case appears to inconsistently occur with uvloop
+            # bound to a unix domain socket.
+            return None
+
+    info = transport.get_extra_info("peername")
+    if info is not None and isinstance(info, list | tuple) and len(info) == 2:
+        return (str(info[0]), int(info[1]))
+    return None
+
+
+def get_local_addr(transport: asyncio.Transport) -> tuple[str, int | None] | None:
+    socket_info: socket.socket | None = transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+    if socket_info is not None:
+        info = socket_info.getsockname()
+        if isinstance(info, tuple):
+            return (str(info[0]), int(info[1]))
+        if isinstance(info, str):
+            return (info, None)
+        return None
+    info = transport.get_extra_info("sockname")
+    if info is not None and isinstance(info, list | tuple) and len(info) == 2:
+        return (str(info[0]), int(info[1]))
+    if isinstance(info, str):
+        return (info, None)
+    return None
+
+
+def is_ssl(transport: asyncio.Transport) -> bool:
+    return bool(transport.get_extra_info("sslcontext"))
+
+
+def get_client_addr(scope: WWWScope) -> str:
+    client = scope.get("client")
+    if not client:
+        return ""
+    return "%s:%d" % client
+
+
+def get_path_with_query_string(scope: WWWScope) -> str:
+    path_with_query_string = urllib.parse.quote(scope["path"])
+    if scope["query_string"]:
+        path_with_query_string = "{}?{}".format(path_with_query_string, scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"))
+    return path_with_query_string
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/auto.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7180ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+AutoWebSocketsProtocol: Callable[..., asyncio.Protocol] | None
+try:
+    import websockets  # noqa
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        import wsproto  # noqa
+    except ImportError:
+        AutoWebSocketsProtocol = None
+    else:
+        from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.wsproto_impl import WSProtocol
+
+        AutoWebSocketsProtocol = WSProtocol
+else:
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_impl import WebSocketProtocol
+
+    AutoWebSocketsProtocol = WebSocketProtocol
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e413939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import http
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import websockets
+import websockets.legacy.handshake
+from websockets.datastructures import Headers
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed
+from websockets.extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
+from websockets.extensions.permessage_deflate import ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory
+from websockets.legacy.server import HTTPResponse
+from websockets.server import WebSocketServerProtocol
+from websockets.typing import Subprotocol
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    WebSocketConnectEvent,
+    WebSocketDisconnectEvent,
+    WebSocketReceiveEvent,
+    WebSocketScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import (
+    ClientDisconnected,
+    get_client_addr,
+    get_local_addr,
+    get_path_with_query_string,
+    get_remote_addr,
+    is_ssl,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+
+class Server:
+    closing = False
+
+    def register(self, ws: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def unregister(self, ws: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def is_serving(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.closing
+
+
+class WebSocketProtocol(WebSocketServerProtocol):
+    extra_headers: list[tuple[str, str]]
+    logger: logging.Logger | logging.LoggerAdapter[Any]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ):
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = cast(ASGI3Application, config.loaded_app)
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["wss", "ws"] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # Connection events
+        self.scope: WebSocketScope
+        self.handshake_started_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.handshake_completed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.closed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.initial_response: HTTPResponse | None = None
+        self.connect_sent = False
+        self.lost_connection_before_handshake = False
+        self.accepted_subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        self.ws_server: Server = Server()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        extensions: list[ServerExtensionFactory] = []
+        if self.config.ws_per_message_deflate:
+            extensions.append(ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory())
+
+        super().__init__(
+            ws_handler=self.ws_handler,
+            ws_server=self.ws_server,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            max_size=self.config.ws_max_size,
+            max_queue=self.config.ws_max_queue,
+            ping_interval=self.config.ws_ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=self.config.ws_ping_timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            logger=logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error"),
+        )
+        self.server_header = None
+        self.extra_headers = [
+            (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1")) for name, value in server_state.default_headers
+        ]
+
+    def connection_made(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, transport: asyncio.Transport
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connections.add(self)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "wss" if is_ssl(transport) else "ws"
+
+        if self.logger.isEnabledFor(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL):
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection made", prefix)
+
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.connections.remove(self)
+
+        if self.logger.isEnabledFor(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL):
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection lost", prefix)
+
+        self.lost_connection_before_handshake = not self.handshake_completed_event.is_set()
+        self.handshake_completed_event.set()
+        super().connection_lost(exc)
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.ws_server.closing = True
+        if self.handshake_completed_event.is_set():
+            self.fail_connection(1012)
+        else:
+            self.send_500_response()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_task_complete(self, task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+        self.tasks.discard(task)
+
+    async def process_request(self, path: str, request_headers: Headers) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        This hook is called to determine if the websocket should return
+        an HTTP response and close.
+
+        Our behavior here is to start the ASGI application, and then wait
+        for either `accept` or `close` in order to determine if we should
+        close the connection.
+        """
+        path_portion, _, query_string = path.partition("?")
+
+        websockets.legacy.handshake.check_request(request_headers)
+
+        subprotocols: list[str] = []
+        for header in request_headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"):
+            subprotocols.extend([token.strip() for token in header.split(",")])
+
+        asgi_headers = [
+            (name.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii", errors="surrogateescape"))
+            for name, value in request_headers.raw_items()
+        ]
+        path = unquote(path_portion)
+        full_path = self.root_path + path
+        full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + path_portion.encode("ascii")
+
+        self.scope = {
+            "type": "websocket",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.4"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "path": full_path,
+            "raw_path": full_raw_path,
+            "query_string": query_string.encode("ascii"),
+            "headers": asgi_headers,
+            "subprotocols": subprotocols,
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+            "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+        }
+        task = self.loop.create_task(self.run_asgi())
+        task.add_done_callback(self.on_task_complete)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+        await self.handshake_started_event.wait()
+        return self.initial_response
+
+    def process_subprotocol(
+        self, headers: Headers, available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        We override the standard 'process_subprotocol' behavior here so that
+        we return whatever subprotocol is sent in the 'accept' message.
+        """
+        return self.accepted_subprotocol
+
+    def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        msg = b"Internal Server Error"
+        content = [
+            b"HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\r\ncontent-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n",
+            b"content-length: " + str(len(msg)).encode("ascii") + b"\r\n",
+            b"connection: close\r\n",
+            b"\r\n",
+            msg,
+        ]
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+        # Allow handler task to terminate cleanly, as websockets doesn't cancel it by
+        # itself (see https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/920)
+        self.handshake_started_event.set()
+
+    async def ws_handler(self, protocol: WebSocketServerProtocol, path: str) -> Any:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """
+        This is the main handler function for the 'websockets' implementation
+        to call into. We just wait for close then return, and instead allow
+        'send' and 'receive' events to drive the flow.
+        """
+        self.handshake_completed_event.set()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+    async def run_asgi(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wrapper around the ASGI callable, handling exceptions and unexpected
+        termination states.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = await self.app(self.scope, self.asgi_receive, self.asgi_send)  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+        except ClientDisconnected:  # pragma: full coverage
+            self.closed_event.set()
+        except BaseException:
+            self.closed_event.set()
+            self.logger.exception("Exception in ASGI application\n")
+            if not self.handshake_started_event.is_set():
+                self.send_500_response()
+            else:
+                await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+        else:
+            self.closed_event.set()
+            if not self.handshake_started_event.is_set():
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable returned without sending handshake.")
+                self.send_500_response()
+            elif result is not None:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'.", result)
+            await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    async def asgi_send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        if not self.handshake_started_event.is_set():
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.accept":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" [accepted]',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                self.initial_response = None
+                self.accepted_subprotocol = cast(Subprotocol | None, message.get("subprotocol"))
+                if "headers" in message:
+                    self.extra_headers.extend(
+                        # ASGI spec requires bytes
+                        # But for compatibility we need to convert it to strings
+                        (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1"))
+                        for name, value in message["headers"]
+                    )
+                self.handshake_started_event.set()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" 403',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                self.initial_response = (http.HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN, [], b"")
+                self.handshake_started_event.set()
+                self.closed_event.set()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    message["status"],
+                )
+                # websockets requires the status to be an enum. look it up.
+                status = http.HTTPStatus(message["status"])
+                headers = [
+                    (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1")) for name, value in message.get("headers", [])
+                ]
+                self.initial_response = (status, headers, b"")
+                self.handshake_started_event.set()
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Expected ASGI message 'websocket.accept', 'websocket.close', "
+                    f"or 'websocket.http.response.start' but got '{message['type']}'."
+                )
+
+        elif not self.closed_event.is_set() and self.initial_response is None:
+            await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.send":
+                    bytes_data = message.get("bytes")
+                    text_data = message.get("text")
+                    data = text_data if bytes_data is None else bytes_data
+                    await self.send(data)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                    code = message.get("code", 1000)
+                    reason = message.get("reason", "") or ""
+                    await self.close(code, reason)
+                    self.closed_event.set()
+
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.send' or 'websocket.close', but got '{message['type']}'."
+                    )
+            except ConnectionClosed as exc:
+                raise ClientDisconnected from exc
+
+        elif self.initial_response is not None:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body":
+                body = self.initial_response[2] + message["body"]
+                self.initial_response = self.initial_response[:2] + (body,)
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    self.closed_event.set()
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.http.response.body' but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}', after sending 'websocket.close' "
+                "or response already completed."
+            )
+
+    async def asgi_receive(self) -> WebSocketDisconnectEvent | WebSocketConnectEvent | WebSocketReceiveEvent:
+        if not self.connect_sent:
+            self.connect_sent = True
+            return {"type": "websocket.connect"}
+
+        await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+
+        if self.lost_connection_before_handshake:
+            # If the handshake failed or the app closed before handshake completion,
+            # use 1006 Abnormal Closure.
+            return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006}
+
+        if self.closed_event.is_set():
+            return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1005}
+
+        try:
+            data = await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            self.closed_event.set()
+            if self.ws_server.closing:
+                return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1012}
+            return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": self.close_code or 1005, "reason": self.close_reason}
+
+        if isinstance(data, str):
+            return {"type": "websocket.receive", "text": data}
+        return {"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": data}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_sansio_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_sansio_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..036b6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_sansio_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import random
+import struct
+import sys
+from asyncio import TimerHandle
+from asyncio.transports import BaseTransport, Transport
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from websockets.exceptions import InvalidState
+from websockets.extensions.permessage_deflate import ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory
+from websockets.frames import Frame, Opcode
+from websockets.http11 import Request
+from websockets.server import ServerProtocol
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    WebSocketScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import (
+    ClientDisconnected,
+    get_client_addr,
+    get_local_addr,
+    get_path_with_query_string,
+    get_remote_addr,
+    is_ssl,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import assert_never
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import assert_never
+
+
+class WebSocketsSansIOProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = config.loaded_app
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+        self.default_headers = server_state.default_headers
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["wss", "ws"] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # WebSocket state
+        self.queue: asyncio.Queue[ASGIReceiveEvent] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.handshake_initiated = False
+        self.handshake_complete = False
+        self.close_sent = False
+        self.initial_response: tuple[int, list[tuple[str, str]], bytes] | None = None
+
+        extensions = []
+        if self.config.ws_per_message_deflate:
+            extensions = [
+                ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory(
+                    server_max_window_bits=12,
+                    client_max_window_bits=12,
+                    compress_settings={"memLevel": 5},
+                )
+            ]
+        self.conn = ServerProtocol(
+            extensions=extensions,
+            max_size=self.config.ws_max_size,
+            logger=logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error"),
+        )
+
+        self.read_paused = False
+        self.writable = asyncio.Event()
+        self.writable.set()
+
+        # Keepalive state
+        self.ping_interval = config.ws_ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = config.ws_ping_timeout
+        self.ping_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pong_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload: bytes | None = None
+        self.ping_sent_at: float = 0.0
+        self.last_ping_rtt: float = 0.0
+
+        # Buffers
+        self.bytes = bytearray()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: BaseTransport) -> None:
+        """Called when a connection is made."""
+        transport = cast(Transport, transport)
+        self.connections.add(self)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "wss" if is_ssl(transport) else "ws"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        code = 1005 if self.handshake_complete else 1006
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code})
+        self.connections.remove(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection lost", prefix)
+
+        self.handshake_complete = True
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        if self.handshake_complete:
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1012})
+            self.conn.send_close(1012)
+            output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+        else:
+            self.send_500_response()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.conn.receive_data(data)
+        if self.conn.parser_exc is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.handle_parser_exception()
+            return
+        self.handle_events()
+
+    def handle_events(self) -> None:
+        for event in self.conn.events_received():
+            if isinstance(event, Request):
+                self.handle_connect(event)
+            if isinstance(event, Frame):
+                if event.opcode == Opcode.CONT:
+                    self.handle_cont(event)  # pragma: no cover
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.TEXT:
+                    self.handle_text(event)
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.BINARY:
+                    self.handle_bytes(event)
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.PING:
+                    self.handle_ping()
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.PONG:
+                    self.handle_pong(event)
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.CLOSE:
+                    self.handle_close(event)
+                else:
+                    assert_never(event.opcode)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    # Event handlers
+
+    def handle_connect(self, event: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = event
+        self.response = self.conn.accept(event)
+        self.handshake_initiated = True
+        if self.response.status_code != 101:
+            self.handshake_complete = True
+            self.close_sent = True
+            self.conn.send_response(self.response)
+            output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+            self.transport.close()
+            return
+
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii", errors="surrogateescape"))
+            for key, value in event.headers.raw_items()
+        ]
+        raw_path, _, query_string = event.path.partition("?")
+        self.scope: WebSocketScope = {
+            "type": "websocket",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.4"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "path": self.root_path + unquote(raw_path),
+            "raw_path": self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path.encode("ascii"),
+            "query_string": query_string.encode("ascii"),
+            "headers": headers,
+            "subprotocols": event.headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"),
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+            "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+        }
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.connect"})
+        task = self.loop.create_task(self.run_asgi())
+        task.add_done_callback(self.on_task_complete)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+
+    def handle_cont(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        self.bytes.extend(event.data)
+        if event.fin:
+            self.send_receive_event_to_app()
+
+    def handle_text(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        self.bytes = bytearray(event.data)
+        self.curr_msg_data_type: Literal["text", "bytes"] = "text"
+        if event.fin:
+            self.send_receive_event_to_app()
+
+    def handle_bytes(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        self.bytes = bytearray(event.data)
+        self.curr_msg_data_type = "bytes"
+        if event.fin:
+            self.send_receive_event_to_app()
+
+    def send_receive_event_to_app(self) -> None:
+        if self.curr_msg_data_type == "text":
+            try:
+                self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.receive", "text": self.bytes.decode()})
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.logger.exception("Invalid UTF-8 sequence received from client.")
+                self.conn.send_close(1007)
+                self.handle_parser_exception()
+                return
+        else:
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": bytes(self.bytes)})
+        if not self.read_paused:
+            self.read_paused = True
+            self.transport.pause_reading()
+
+    def handle_ping(self) -> None:
+        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+
+    def handle_pong(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        # Ignore unsolicited pongs and stale pongs whose payload doesn't match the ping currently in flight
+        if self.pending_ping_payload is None or bytes(event.data) != self.pending_ping_payload:
+            return  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self.last_ping_rtt = self.loop.time() - self.ping_sent_at
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        # The peer answered in time; cancel the pong deadline and chain the next ping. This `schedule_ping()` call is
+        # what keeps the keepalive loop running when ping_timeout is set. When ping_timeout is None the next ping is
+        # already scheduled by `send_keepalive_ping`, so we must not schedule a duplicate here.
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_interval is not None and self.ping_interval > 0:
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def stop_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_timer is not None:
+            self.ping_timer.cancel()
+            self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+
+    def schedule_ping(self) -> None:
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        delay = max(0.0, self.ping_interval - self.last_ping_rtt)
+        self.ping_timer = self.loop.call_later(delay, self.send_keepalive_ping)
+
+    def send_keepalive_ping(self) -> None:
+        self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        # Random 4-byte payload identifies this ping; `handle_pong` uses it to ignore stale or unsolicited pongs.
+        # See https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/blob/4d229bf9f583d593aa103287aee0a77c9fbc3a79/src/websockets/asyncio/connection.py#L624
+        self.pending_ping_payload = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+        self.ping_sent_at = self.loop.time()
+        self.conn.send_ping(self.pending_ping_payload)
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(self.conn.data_to_send()))
+        if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+            self.pong_timer = self.loop.call_later(self.ping_timeout, self.keepalive_timeout)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def keepalive_timeout(self) -> None:
+        self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket keepalive ping timeout", prefix)
+        self.conn.fail(1011, "keepalive ping timeout")
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(self.conn.data_to_send()))
+        self.close_sent = True
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def handle_close(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        if not self.close_sent and not self.transport.is_closing():
+            assert self.conn.close_rcvd is not None
+            code = self.conn.close_rcvd.code
+            reason = self.conn.close_rcvd.reason
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+
+            output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def handle_parser_exception(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        assert self.conn.close_sent is not None
+        code = self.conn.close_sent.code
+        reason = self.conn.close_sent.reason
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+
+        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+        self.close_sent = True
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_task_complete(self, task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+        self.tasks.discard(task)
+
+    async def run_asgi(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await self.app(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
+        except ClientDisconnected:
+            pass  # pragma: full coverage
+        except BaseException:
+            self.logger.exception("Exception in ASGI application\n")
+            self.send_500_response()
+        else:
+            if not self.handshake_complete:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable returned without completing handshake.")
+                self.send_500_response()
+            elif result is not None:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'.", result)
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        if self.initial_response or self.handshake_complete:
+            return
+        response = self.conn.reject(500, "Internal Server Error")
+        self.conn.send_response(response)
+        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        await self.writable.wait()
+
+        if not self.handshake_complete and self.initial_response is None:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.accept":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" [accepted]',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                headers = [
+                    (name.decode("latin-1").lower(), value.decode("latin-1"))
+                    for name, value in (self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", [])))
+                ]
+                accepted_subprotocol = message.get("subprotocol")
+                if accepted_subprotocol:
+                    headers.append(("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", accepted_subprotocol))
+                self.response.headers.update(headers)
+
+                if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                    self.handshake_complete = True
+                    self.conn.send_response(self.response)
+                    output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                    self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                    self.start_keepalive()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" 403',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                response = self.conn.reject(HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN, "")
+                self.conn.send_response(response)
+                output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                self.close_sent = True
+                self.handshake_complete = True
+                self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                self.transport.close()
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start" and self.initial_response is None:
+                if not (100 <= message["status"] < 600):
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid HTTP status code '%d' in response." % message["status"])
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    message["status"],
+                )
+                headers = [
+                    (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1"))
+                    for name, value in list(message.get("headers", []))
+                ]
+                self.initial_response = (message["status"], headers, b"")
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Expected ASGI message 'websocket.accept', 'websocket.close' "
+                    f"or 'websocket.http.response.start' but got '{message['type']}'."
+                )
+
+        elif not self.close_sent and self.initial_response is None:
+            try:
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.send":
+                    bytes_data = message.get("bytes")
+                    text_data = message.get("text")
+                    if bytes_data is not None:
+                        self.conn.send_binary(bytes_data)
+                    elif text_data is not None:
+                        self.conn.send_text(text_data.encode())
+                    output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                    self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                    if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                        code = message.get("code", 1000)
+                        reason = message.get("reason", "") or ""
+                        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+                        self.conn.send_close(code, reason)
+                        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                        self.close_sent = True
+                        self.transport.close()
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.send' or 'websocket.close', but got '{message['type']}'."
+                    )
+            except InvalidState:
+                raise ClientDisconnected()
+        elif self.initial_response is not None:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body":
+                body = self.initial_response[2] + message["body"]
+                self.initial_response = self.initial_response[:2] + (body,)
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    response = self.conn.reject(self.initial_response[0], body.decode())
+                    response.headers.update(self.initial_response[1])
+                    self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                    self.conn.send_response(response)
+                    output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                    self.close_sent = True
+                    self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                    self.transport.close()
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.http.response.body' but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}', after sending 'websocket.close'.")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> ASGIReceiveEvent:
+        message = await self.queue.get()
+        if self.read_paused and self.queue.empty():
+            self.read_paused = False
+            self.transport.resume_reading()
+        return message
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/wsproto_impl.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/wsproto_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adca63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/wsproto_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import random
+import struct
+from asyncio import TimerHandle
+from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import wsproto
+from wsproto import ConnectionType, events
+from wsproto.connection import ConnectionState
+from wsproto.extensions import Extension, PerMessageDeflate
+from wsproto.utilities import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+
+from uvicorn._types import ASGI3Application, ASGISendEvent, WebSocketEvent, WebSocketReceiveEvent, WebSocketScope
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import (
+    ClientDisconnected,
+    get_client_addr,
+    get_local_addr,
+    get_path_with_query_string,
+    get_remote_addr,
+    is_ssl,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+
+class FrameTooLargeError(Exception):
+    """Raised when accumulated websocket message bytes exceed `ws_max_size`."""
+
+
+class WebsocketBuffer:
+    def __init__(self, max_length: int) -> None:
+        self.value: BytesIO | StringIO | None = None
+        self.length = 0
+        self.max_length = max_length
+
+    def extend(self, event: events.TextMessage | events.BytesMessage) -> None:
+        if self.value is None:
+            self.value = StringIO() if isinstance(event, events.TextMessage) else BytesIO()
+        self.value.write(event.data)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        # `ws_max_size` is a byte budget, so count UTF-8 bytes for text.
+        self.length += len(event.data.encode()) if isinstance(event, events.TextMessage) else len(event.data)
+        if self.length > self.max_length:
+            raise FrameTooLargeError
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self.value = None
+        self.length = 0
+
+    def to_message(self) -> WebSocketReceiveEvent:
+        if isinstance(self.value, StringIO):
+            return {"type": "websocket.receive", "text": self.value.getvalue()}
+        assert isinstance(self.value, BytesIO)
+        return {"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": self.value.getvalue()}
+
+
+class WSProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = cast(ASGI3Application, config.loaded_app)
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+        self.default_headers = server_state.default_headers
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["wss", "ws"] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # WebSocket state
+        self.queue: asyncio.Queue[WebSocketEvent] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.handshake_complete = False
+        self.close_sent = False
+
+        # Rejection state
+        self.response_started = False
+
+        self.conn = wsproto.WSConnection(connection_type=ConnectionType.SERVER)
+
+        self.read_paused = False
+        self.writable = asyncio.Event()
+        self.writable.set()
+
+        # Keepalive state
+        self.ping_interval = config.ws_ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = config.ws_ping_timeout
+        self.ping_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pong_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload: bytes | None = None
+        self.ping_sent_at: float = 0.0
+        self.last_ping_rtt: float = 0.0
+
+        # Buffer
+        self.buffer = WebsocketBuffer(self.config.ws_max_size)
+
+    # Protocol interface
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.Transport) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+        self.connections.add(self)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "wss" if is_ssl(transport) else "ws"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        code = 1005 if self.handshake_complete else 1006
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code})
+        self.connections.remove(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection lost", prefix)
+
+        self.handshake_complete = True
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.conn.receive_data(data)
+        except RemoteProtocolError as err:
+            # TODO: Remove `type: ignore` when wsproto fixes the type annotation.
+            self.transport.write(self.conn.send(err.event_hint))  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # noqa: E501
+            self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            self.handle_events()
+
+    def handle_events(self) -> None:
+        for event in self.conn.events():
+            if self.close_sent:
+                return
+            if isinstance(event, events.Request):
+                self.handle_connect(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, (events.TextMessage, events.BytesMessage)):
+                self.handle_message(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, events.CloseConnection):
+                self.handle_close(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, events.Ping):
+                self.handle_ping(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, events.Pong):
+                self.handle_pong(event)
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer exceeds the high water mark.
+        """
+        self.writable.clear()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer drops below the low water mark.
+        """
+        self.writable.set()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        if self.handshake_complete:
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1012})
+            output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=1012))
+            self.transport.write(output)
+        else:
+            self.send_500_response()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_task_complete(self, task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+        self.tasks.discard(task)
+
+    # Event handlers
+
+    def handle_connect(self, event: events.Request) -> None:
+        headers = [(b"host", event.host.encode())]
+        headers += [(key.lower(), value) for key, value in event.extra_headers]
+        raw_path, _, query_string = event.target.partition("?")
+        path = unquote(raw_path)
+        full_path = self.root_path + path
+        full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path.encode("ascii")
+        self.scope: WebSocketScope = {
+            "type": "websocket",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.4"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "path": full_path,
+            "raw_path": full_raw_path,
+            "query_string": query_string.encode("ascii"),
+            "headers": headers,
+            "subprotocols": event.subprotocols,
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+            "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+        }
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.connect"})
+        task = self.loop.create_task(self.run_asgi())
+        task.add_done_callback(self.on_task_complete)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+
+    def handle_message(self, event: events.TextMessage | events.BytesMessage) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.buffer.extend(event)
+        except FrameTooLargeError:
+            self.close_sent = True
+            reason = f"Message exceeds the maximum size ({self.config.ws_max_size} bytes)"
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1009, "reason": reason})
+            if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                self.transport.write(self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=1009, reason=reason)))
+                self.transport.close()
+            return
+        if event.message_finished:
+            self.queue.put_nowait(self.buffer.to_message())
+            self.buffer.clear()
+            if not self.read_paused:
+                self.read_paused = True
+                self.transport.pause_reading()
+
+    def handle_close(self, event: events.CloseConnection) -> None:
+        if self.conn.state == ConnectionState.REMOTE_CLOSING:
+            self.transport.write(self.conn.send(event.response()))
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": event.code, "reason": event.reason})
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def handle_ping(self, event: events.Ping) -> None:
+        self.transport.write(self.conn.send(event.response()))
+
+    def handle_pong(self, event: events.Pong) -> None:
+        # Ignore unsolicited pongs and stale pongs whose payload doesn't match the ping currently in flight.
+        if self.pending_ping_payload is None or bytes(event.payload) != self.pending_ping_payload:
+            return  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self.last_ping_rtt = self.loop.time() - self.ping_sent_at
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        # The peer answered in time; cancel the pong deadline and chain the next ping. This `schedule_ping()` call is
+        # what keeps the keepalive loop running when ping_timeout is set. When ping_timeout is None the next ping is
+        # already scheduled by `send_keepalive_ping`, so we must not schedule a duplicate here.
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_interval is not None and self.ping_interval > 0:
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def stop_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_timer is not None:
+            self.ping_timer.cancel()
+            self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+
+    def schedule_ping(self) -> None:
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        delay = max(0.0, self.ping_interval - self.last_ping_rtt)
+        self.ping_timer = self.loop.call_later(delay, self.send_keepalive_ping)
+
+    def send_keepalive_ping(self) -> None:
+        self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        # Random 4-byte payload identifies this ping; `handle_pong` uses it to ignore stale or unsolicited pongs.
+        self.pending_ping_payload = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+        self.ping_sent_at = self.loop.time()
+        self.transport.write(self.conn.send(wsproto.events.Ping(payload=self.pending_ping_payload)))
+        if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+            self.pong_timer = self.loop.call_later(self.ping_timeout, self.keepalive_timeout)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def keepalive_timeout(self) -> None:
+        self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket keepalive ping timeout", prefix)
+        reason = "keepalive ping timeout"
+        self.transport.write(self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=1011, reason=reason)))
+        self.close_sent = True
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        if self.response_started or self.handshake_complete:
+            return  # we cannot send responses anymore
+        headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = [
+            (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+            (b"connection", b"close"),
+            (b"content-length", b"21"),
+        ]
+        output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.RejectConnection(status_code=500, headers=headers, has_body=True))
+        output += self.conn.send(wsproto.events.RejectData(data=b"Internal Server Error"))
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+    async def run_asgi(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await self.app(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+        except ClientDisconnected:
+            pass  # pragma: full coverage
+        except BaseException:
+            self.logger.exception("Exception in ASGI application\n")
+            self.send_500_response()
+        else:
+            if not self.handshake_complete:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable returned without completing handshake.")
+                self.send_500_response()
+            elif result is not None:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'.", result)
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        await self.writable.wait()
+
+        if not self.handshake_complete:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.accept":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" [accepted]',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                subprotocol = message.get("subprotocol")
+                extra_headers = self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", []))
+                extensions: list[Extension] = []
+                if self.config.ws_per_message_deflate:
+                    extensions.append(PerMessageDeflate())
+                if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                    self.handshake_complete = True
+                    output = self.conn.send(
+                        wsproto.events.AcceptConnection(
+                            subprotocol=subprotocol,
+                            extensions=extensions,
+                            extra_headers=extra_headers,
+                        )
+                    )
+                    self.transport.write(output)
+                    self.start_keepalive()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" 403',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                self.handshake_complete = True
+                self.close_sent = True
+                event = events.RejectConnection(status_code=403, headers=[])
+                output = self.conn.send(event)
+                self.transport.write(output)
+                self.transport.close()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start":
+                # ensure status code is in the valid range
+                if not (100 <= message["status"] < 600):
+                    msg = "Invalid HTTP status code '%d' in response."
+                    raise RuntimeError(msg % message["status"])
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    message["status"],
+                )
+                self.handshake_complete = True
+                event = events.RejectConnection(
+                    status_code=message["status"],
+                    headers=list(message["headers"]),
+                    has_body=True,
+                )
+                output = self.conn.send(event)
+                self.transport.write(output)
+                self.response_started = True
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Expected ASGI message 'websocket.accept', 'websocket.close' "
+                    f"or 'websocket.http.response.start' but got '{message['type']}'."
+                )
+
+        elif not self.close_sent and not self.response_started:
+            try:
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.send":
+                    bytes_data = message.get("bytes")
+                    text_data = message.get("text")
+                    data = text_data if bytes_data is None else bytes_data
+                    output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.Message(data=data))  # type: ignore
+                    if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                        self.transport.write(output)
+
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                    self.close_sent = True
+                    code = message.get("code", 1000)
+                    reason = message.get("reason", "") or ""
+                    self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+                    output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=code, reason=reason))
+                    if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                        self.transport.write(output)
+                        self.transport.close()
+
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.send' or 'websocket.close', but got '{message['type']}'."
+                    )
+            except LocalProtocolError as exc:
+                raise ClientDisconnected from exc
+        elif self.response_started:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body":
+                body_finished = not message.get("more_body", False)
+                reject_data = events.RejectData(data=message["body"], body_finished=body_finished)
+                output = self.conn.send(reject_data)
+                self.transport.write(output)
+
+                if body_finished:
+                    self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                    self.close_sent = True
+                    self.transport.close()
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.http.response.body' but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}', after sending 'websocket.close'.")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> WebSocketEvent:
+        message = await self.queue.get()
+        if self.read_paused and self.queue.empty():
+            self.read_paused = False
+            self.transport.resume_reading()
+        return message
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/server.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938a6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import random
+import signal
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from email.utils import formatdate
+from types import FrameType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeAlias
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._compat import asyncio_run
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl import H11Protocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.httptools_impl import HttpToolsProtocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_impl import WebSocketProtocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_sansio_impl import WebSocketsSansIOProtocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.wsproto_impl import WSProtocol
+
+    Protocols: TypeAlias = H11Protocol | HttpToolsProtocol | WSProtocol | WebSocketProtocol | WebSocketsSansIOProtocol
+
+HANDLED_SIGNALS = (
+    signal.SIGINT,  # Unix signal 2. Sent by Ctrl+C.
+    signal.SIGTERM,  # Unix signal 15. Sent by `kill <pid>`.
+)
+if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+    HANDLED_SIGNALS += (signal.SIGBREAK,)  # Windows signal 21. Sent by Ctrl+Break.
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class ServerState:
+    """
+    Shared servers state that is available between all protocol instances.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.total_requests = 0
+        self.connections: set[Protocols] = set()
+        self.tasks: set[asyncio.Task[None]] = set()
+        self.default_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+
+
+class Server:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        self.config = config
+        self.server_state = ServerState()
+
+        self.started = False
+        self.should_exit = False
+        self.force_exit = False
+        self.last_notified = 0.0
+
+        self._captured_signals: list[int] = []
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def limit_max_requests(self) -> int | None:
+        if self.config.limit_max_requests is None:
+            return None
+        return self.config.limit_max_requests + random.randint(0, self.config.limit_max_requests_jitter)
+
+    def run(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        return asyncio_run(self.serve(sockets=sockets), loop_factory=self.config.get_loop_factory())
+
+    async def serve(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        with self.capture_signals():
+            await self._serve(sockets)
+
+    async def _serve(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        process_id = os.getpid()
+
+        config = self.config
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.lifespan = config.lifespan_class(config)
+
+        message = "Started server process [%d]"
+        color_message = "Started server process [" + click.style("%d", fg="cyan") + "]"
+        logger.info(message, process_id, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+        await self.startup(sockets=sockets)
+        if not self.should_exit:
+            await self.main_loop()
+        if self.started:
+            await self.shutdown(sockets=sockets)
+
+            message = "Finished server process [%d]"
+            color_message = "Finished server process [" + click.style("%d", fg="cyan") + "]"
+            logger.info(message, process_id, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+    async def startup(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.lifespan.startup()
+        if self.lifespan.should_exit:
+            self.should_exit = True
+            return
+
+        config = self.config
+
+        def create_protocol(
+            _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        ) -> asyncio.Protocol:
+            return config.http_protocol_class(  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+                config=config,
+                server_state=self.server_state,
+                app_state=self.lifespan.state,
+                _loop=_loop,
+            )
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        listeners: Sequence[socket.SocketType]
+        if sockets is not None:  # pragma: full coverage
+            # Explicitly passed a list of open sockets.
+            # We use this when the server is run from a Gunicorn worker.
+
+            def _share_socket(
+                sock: socket.SocketType,
+            ) -> socket.SocketType:  # pragma py-not-win32
+                # Windows requires the socket be explicitly shared across
+                # multiple workers (processes).
+                from socket import fromshare  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+                sock_data = sock.share(os.getpid())  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                return fromshare(sock_data)
+
+            self.servers: list[asyncio.base_events.Server] = []
+            for sock in sockets:
+                is_windows = platform.system() == "Windows"
+                if config.workers > 1 and is_windows:  # pragma: py-not-win32
+                    sock = _share_socket(sock)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                server = await loop.create_server(create_protocol, sock=sock, ssl=config.ssl, backlog=config.backlog)
+                self.servers.append(server)
+            listeners = sockets
+
+        elif config.fd is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            # Use an existing socket, from a file descriptor.
+            sock = socket.fromfd(config.fd, socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            server = await loop.create_server(create_protocol, sock=sock, ssl=config.ssl, backlog=config.backlog)
+            assert server.sockets is not None  # mypy
+            listeners = server.sockets
+            self.servers = [server]
+
+        elif config.uds is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            # Create a socket using UNIX domain socket.
+            uds_perms = 0o666
+            if os.path.exists(config.uds):
+                uds_perms = os.stat(config.uds).st_mode  # pragma: full coverage
+            server = await loop.create_unix_server(
+                create_protocol, path=config.uds, ssl=config.ssl, backlog=config.backlog
+            )
+            os.chmod(config.uds, uds_perms)
+            assert server.sockets is not None  # mypy
+            listeners = server.sockets
+            self.servers = [server]
+
+        else:
+            # Standard case. Create a socket from a host/port pair.
+            try:
+                server = await loop.create_server(
+                    create_protocol,
+                    host=config.host,
+                    port=config.port,
+                    ssl=config.ssl,
+                    backlog=config.backlog,
+                )
+            except OSError as exc:
+                logger.error(exc)
+                await self.lifespan.shutdown()
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            assert server.sockets is not None
+            listeners = server.sockets
+            self.servers = [server]
+
+        if sockets is None:
+            self._log_started_message(listeners)
+        else:
+            # We're most likely running multiple workers, so a message has already been
+            # logged by `config.bind_socket()`.
+            pass  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        self.started = True
+
+    def _log_started_message(self, listeners: Sequence[socket.SocketType]) -> None:
+        config = self.config
+
+        if config.fd is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            sock = listeners[0]
+            logger.info(
+                "Uvicorn running on socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)",
+                sock.getsockname(),
+            )
+
+        elif config.uds is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            logger.info("Uvicorn running on unix socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)", config.uds)
+
+        else:
+            addr_format = "%s://%s:%d"
+            host = "0.0.0.0" if config.host is None else config.host
+            if ":" in host:
+                # It's an IPv6 address.
+                addr_format = "%s://[%s]:%d"
+
+            port = config.port
+            if port == 0:
+                port = listeners[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+            protocol_name = "https" if config.ssl else "http"
+            message = f"Uvicorn running on {addr_format} (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(addr_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            logger.info(
+                message,
+                protocol_name,
+                host,
+                port,
+                extra={"color_message": color_message},
+            )
+
+    async def main_loop(self) -> None:
+        counter = 0
+        should_exit = await self.on_tick(counter)
+        while not should_exit:
+            counter += 1
+            counter = counter % 864000
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            should_exit = await self.on_tick(counter)
+
+    async def on_tick(self, counter: int) -> bool:
+        # Update the default headers, once per second.
+        if counter % 10 == 0:
+            current_time = time.time()
+            current_date = formatdate(current_time, usegmt=True).encode()
+
+            if self.config.date_header:
+                date_header = [(b"date", current_date)]
+            else:
+                date_header = []
+
+            self.server_state.default_headers = date_header + self.config.encoded_headers
+
+            # Callback to `callback_notify` once every `timeout_notify` seconds.
+            if self.config.callback_notify is not None:
+                if current_time - self.last_notified > self.config.timeout_notify:  # pragma: full coverage
+                    self.last_notified = current_time
+                    await self.config.callback_notify()
+
+        # Determine if we should exit.
+        if self.should_exit:
+            return True
+
+        max_requests = self.limit_max_requests
+        if max_requests is not None and self.server_state.total_requests >= max_requests:
+            logger.info("Maximum request limit of %d exceeded. Terminating process.", max_requests)
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    async def shutdown(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        logger.info("Shutting down")
+
+        # Stop accepting new connections.
+        for server in self.servers:
+            server.close()
+        for sock in sockets or []:
+            sock.close()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        # Request shutdown on all existing connections.
+        for connection in list(self.server_state.connections):
+            connection.shutdown()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # When 3.10 is not supported anymore, use `async with asyncio.timeout(...):`.
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(
+                self._wait_tasks_to_complete(),
+                timeout=self.config.timeout_graceful_shutdown,
+            )
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            logger.error(
+                "Cancel %s running task(s), timeout graceful shutdown exceeded",
+                len(self.server_state.tasks),
+            )
+            for t in self.server_state.tasks:
+                t.cancel(msg="Task cancelled, timeout graceful shutdown exceeded")
+
+        # Send the lifespan shutdown event, and wait for application shutdown.
+        if not self.force_exit:
+            await self.lifespan.shutdown()
+
+    async def _wait_tasks_to_complete(self) -> None:
+        # Wait for existing connections to finish sending responses.
+        if self.server_state.connections and not self.force_exit:
+            msg = "Waiting for connections to close. (CTRL+C to force quit)"
+            logger.info(msg)
+            while self.server_state.connections and not self.force_exit:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # Wait for existing tasks to complete.
+        if self.server_state.tasks and not self.force_exit:
+            msg = "Waiting for background tasks to complete. (CTRL+C to force quit)"
+            logger.info(msg)
+            while self.server_state.tasks and not self.force_exit:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+        for server in self.servers:
+            await server.wait_closed()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def capture_signals(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        # Signals can only be listened to from the main thread.
+        if threading.current_thread() is not threading.main_thread():
+            yield
+            return
+        # always use signal.signal, even if loop.add_signal_handler is available
+        # this allows to restore previous signal handlers later on
+        original_handlers = {sig: signal.signal(sig, self.handle_exit) for sig in HANDLED_SIGNALS}
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            for sig, handler in original_handlers.items():
+                signal.signal(sig, handler)
+        # If we did gracefully shut down due to a signal, try to
+        # trigger the expected behaviour now; multiple signals would be
+        # done LIFO, see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48434964
+        for captured_signal in reversed(self._captured_signals):
+            signal.raise_signal(captured_signal)
+
+    def handle_exit(self, sig: int, frame: FrameType | None) -> None:
+        self._captured_signals.append(sig)
+        if self.should_exit and sig == signal.SIGINT:
+            self.force_exit = True  # pragma: full coverage
+        else:
+            self.should_exit = True
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfceb6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from uvicorn.supervisors.basereload import BaseReload
+from uvicorn.supervisors.multiprocess import Multiprocess
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    ChangeReload: type[BaseReload]
+else:
+    try:
+        from uvicorn.supervisors.watchfilesreload import WatchFilesReload as ChangeReload
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        from uvicorn.supervisors.statreload import StatReload as ChangeReload
+
+__all__ = ["Multiprocess", "ChangeReload"]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/basereload.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/basereload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66e34f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/basereload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from pathlib import Path
+from socket import socket
+from types import FrameType
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._subprocess import get_subprocess
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+HANDLED_SIGNALS = (
+    signal.SIGINT,  # Unix signal 2. Sent by Ctrl+C.
+    signal.SIGTERM,  # Unix signal 15. Sent by `kill <pid>`.
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class BaseReload:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.config = config
+        self.target = target
+        self.sockets = sockets
+        self.should_exit = threading.Event()
+        self.pid = os.getpid()
+        self.is_restarting = False
+        self.reloader_name: str | None = None
+
+    def signal_handler(self, sig: int, frame: FrameType | None) -> None:  # pragma: full coverage
+        """
+        A signal handler that is registered with the parent process.
+        """
+        if sys.platform == "win32" and self.is_restarting:
+            self.is_restarting = False
+        else:
+            self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self.startup()
+        for changes in self:
+            if changes:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "%s detected changes in %s. Reloading...",
+                    self.reloader_name,
+                    ", ".join(map(_display_path, changes)),
+                )
+                self.restart()
+
+        self.shutdown()
+
+    def pause(self) -> None:
+        if self.should_exit.wait(self.config.reload_delay):
+            raise StopIteration()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[list[Path] | None]:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        return self.should_restart()
+
+    def startup(self) -> None:
+        message = f"Started reloader process [{self.pid}] using {self.reloader_name}"
+        color_message = "Started reloader process [{}] using {}".format(
+            click.style(str(self.pid), fg="cyan", bold=True),
+            click.style(str(self.reloader_name), fg="cyan", bold=True),
+        )
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+        for sig in HANDLED_SIGNALS:
+            signal.signal(sig, self.signal_handler)
+
+        self.process = get_subprocess(config=self.config, target=self.target, sockets=self.sockets)
+        self.process.start()
+
+    def restart(self) -> None:
+        if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+            self.is_restarting = True
+            assert self.process.pid is not None
+            os.kill(self.process.pid, signal.CTRL_C_EVENT)
+
+            # This is a workaround to ensure the Ctrl+C event is processed
+            sys.stdout.write(" ")  # This has to be a non-empty string
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+        else:  # pragma: py-win32
+            self.process.terminate()
+        self.process.join()
+
+        self.process = get_subprocess(config=self.config, target=self.target, sockets=self.sockets)
+        self.process.start()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            self.should_exit.set()  # pragma: py-not-win32
+        else:
+            self.process.terminate()  # pragma: py-win32
+        self.process.join()
+
+        for sock in self.sockets:
+            sock.close()
+
+        message = f"Stopping reloader process [{str(self.pid)}]"
+        color_message = "Stopping reloader process [{}]".format(click.style(str(self.pid), fg="cyan", bold=True))
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+    def should_restart(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Reload strategies should override should_restart()")
+
+
+def _display_path(path: Path) -> str:
+    try:
+        return f"'{path.relative_to(Path.cwd())}'"
+    except ValueError:
+        return f"'{path}'"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/multiprocess.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/multiprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad98af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/multiprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import signal
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from multiprocessing import Pipe
+from socket import socket
+from typing import Any
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._subprocess import get_subprocess
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+SIGNALS = {
+    getattr(signal, f"SIG{x}"): x
+    for x in "INT TERM BREAK HUP QUIT TTIN TTOU USR1 USR2 WINCH".split()
+    if hasattr(signal, f"SIG{x}")
+}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class Process:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.real_target = target
+
+        self.parent_conn, self.child_conn = Pipe()
+        self.process = get_subprocess(config, self.target, sockets)
+
+    def ping(self, timeout: float = 5) -> bool:
+        self.parent_conn.send(b"ping")
+        if self.parent_conn.poll(timeout):
+            self.parent_conn.recv()
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def pong(self) -> None:
+        self.child_conn.recv()
+        self.child_conn.send(b"pong")
+
+    def always_pong(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            self.pong()
+
+    def target(self, sockets: list[socket] | None = None) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+        if os.name == "nt":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+            # Windows doesn't support SIGTERM, so we use SIGBREAK instead.
+            # And then we raise SIGTERM when SIGBREAK is received.
+            # https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/signal?view=msvc-170
+            signal.signal(
+                signal.SIGBREAK,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                lambda sig, frame: signal.raise_signal(signal.SIGTERM),
+            )
+
+        threading.Thread(target=self.always_pong, daemon=True).start()
+        return self.real_target(sockets)
+
+    def is_alive(self, timeout: float = 5) -> bool:
+        if not self.process.is_alive():
+            return False  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        return self.ping(timeout)
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self.process.start()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        if self.process.exitcode is None:  # Process is still running
+            assert self.process.pid is not None
+            if os.name == "nt":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+                # Windows doesn't support SIGTERM.
+                # So send SIGBREAK, and then in process raise SIGTERM.
+                os.kill(self.process.pid, signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            else:
+                os.kill(self.process.pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+            logger.info(f"Terminated child process [{self.process.pid}]")
+
+            self.parent_conn.close()
+            self.child_conn.close()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        # In Windows, the method will call `TerminateProcess` to kill the process.
+        # In Unix, the method will send SIGKILL to the process.
+        self.process.kill()
+
+    def join(self) -> None:
+        logger.info(f"Waiting for child process [{self.process.pid}]")
+        self.process.join()
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.process.pid
+
+
+class Multiprocess:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.config = config
+        self.target = target
+        self.sockets = sockets
+
+        self.processes_num = config.workers
+        self.processes: list[Process] = []
+
+        self.should_exit = threading.Event()
+
+        self.signal_queue: list[int] = []
+        for sig in SIGNALS:
+            signal.signal(sig, lambda sig, frame: self.signal_queue.append(sig))
+
+    def init_processes(self) -> None:
+        for _ in range(self.processes_num):
+            process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+            process.start()
+            self.processes.append(process)
+
+    def terminate_all(self) -> None:
+        for process in self.processes:
+            process.terminate()
+
+    def join_all(self) -> None:
+        for process in self.processes:
+            process.join()
+
+    def restart_all(self) -> None:
+        for idx, process in enumerate(self.processes):
+            process.terminate()
+            process.join()
+            new_process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+            new_process.start()
+            self.processes[idx] = new_process
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        message = f"Started parent process [{os.getpid()}]"
+        color_message = "Started parent process [{}]".format(click.style(str(os.getpid()), fg="cyan", bold=True))
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+        self.init_processes()
+
+        while not self.should_exit.wait(0.5):
+            self.handle_signals()
+            self.keep_subprocess_alive()
+
+        self.terminate_all()
+        self.join_all()
+
+        message = f"Stopping parent process [{os.getpid()}]"
+        color_message = "Stopping parent process [{}]".format(click.style(str(os.getpid()), fg="cyan", bold=True))
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+    def keep_subprocess_alive(self) -> None:
+        if self.should_exit.is_set():
+            return  # parent process is exiting, no need to keep subprocess alive
+
+        for idx, process in enumerate(self.processes):
+            if process.is_alive(timeout=self.config.timeout_worker_healthcheck):
+                continue
+
+            process.kill()  # process is hung, kill it
+            process.join()
+
+            if self.should_exit.is_set():
+                return  # pragma: full coverage
+
+            logger.info(f"Child process [{process.pid}] died")
+            process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+            process.start()
+            self.processes[idx] = process
+
+    def handle_signals(self) -> None:
+        for sig in tuple(self.signal_queue):
+            self.signal_queue.remove(sig)
+            sig_name = SIGNALS[sig]
+            sig_handler = getattr(self, f"handle_{sig_name.lower()}", None)
+            if sig_handler is not None:
+                sig_handler()
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.debug(f"Received signal {sig_name}, but no handler is defined for it.")
+
+    def handle_int(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Received SIGINT, exiting.")
+        self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def handle_term(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Received SIGTERM, exiting.")
+        self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def handle_break(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-not-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGBREAK, exiting.")
+        self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def handle_hup(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGHUP, restarting processes.")
+        self.restart_all()
+
+    def handle_ttin(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGTTIN, increasing the number of processes.")
+        self.processes_num += 1
+        process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+        process.start()
+        self.processes.append(process)
+
+    def handle_ttou(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGTTOU, decreasing number of processes.")
+        if self.processes_num <= 1:
+            logger.info("Already reached one process, cannot decrease the number of processes anymore.")
+            return
+        self.processes_num -= 1
+        process = self.processes.pop()
+        process.terminate()
+        process.join()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/statreload.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/statreload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28693f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/statreload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from pathlib import Path
+from socket import socket
+
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.supervisors.basereload import BaseReload
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class StatReload(BaseReload):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(config, target, sockets)
+        self.reloader_name = "StatReload"
+        self.mtimes: dict[Path, float] = {}
+
+        if config.reload_excludes or config.reload_includes:
+            logger.warning("--reload-include and --reload-exclude have no effect unless watchfiles is installed.")
+
+    def should_restart(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        self.pause()
+
+        for file in self.iter_py_files():
+            try:
+                mtime = file.stat().st_mtime
+            except OSError:  # pragma: nocover
+                continue
+
+            old_time = self.mtimes.get(file)
+            if old_time is None:
+                self.mtimes[file] = mtime
+                continue
+            elif mtime > old_time:
+                return [file]
+        return None
+
+    def restart(self) -> None:
+        self.mtimes = {}
+        return super().restart()
+
+    def iter_py_files(self) -> Iterator[Path]:
+        for reload_dir in self.config.reload_dirs:
+            for path in list(reload_dir.rglob("*.py")):
+                yield path.resolve()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/watchfilesreload.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/watchfilesreload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6009905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/watchfilesreload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+from socket import socket
+
+from watchfiles import watch
+
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.supervisors.basereload import BaseReload
+
+
+class FileFilter:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config):
+        default_includes = ["*.py"]
+        self.includes = [default for default in default_includes if default not in config.reload_excludes]
+        self.includes.extend(config.reload_includes)
+        self.includes = list(set(self.includes))
+
+        default_excludes = [".*", ".py[cod]", ".sw.*", "~*"]
+        self.excludes = [default for default in default_excludes if default not in config.reload_includes]
+        self.exclude_dirs = []
+        for e in config.reload_excludes:
+            p = Path(e)
+            try:
+                is_dir = p.is_dir()
+            except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # gets raised on Windows for values like "*.py"
+                is_dir = False
+
+            if is_dir:
+                self.exclude_dirs.append(p)
+            else:
+                self.excludes.append(e)  # pragma: full coverage
+        self.excludes = list(set(self.excludes))
+
+    def __call__(self, path: Path) -> bool:
+        for include_pattern in self.includes:
+            if path.match(include_pattern):
+                if str(path).endswith(include_pattern):
+                    return True  # pragma: full coverage
+
+                for exclude_dir in self.exclude_dirs:
+                    if exclude_dir in path.parents:
+                        return False
+
+                for exclude_pattern in self.excludes:
+                    if path.match(exclude_pattern):
+                        return False  # pragma: full coverage
+
+                return True
+        return False
+
+
+class WatchFilesReload(BaseReload):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(config, target, sockets)
+        self.reloader_name = "WatchFiles"
+        self.reload_dirs: list[Path] = []
+        for directory in config.reload_dirs:
+            self.reload_dirs.append(directory)
+
+        self.watch_filter = FileFilter(config)
+        self.watcher = watch(
+            *self.reload_dirs,
+            watch_filter=None,
+            stop_event=self.should_exit,
+            # using yield_on_timeout here mostly to make sure tests don't
+            # hang forever, won't affect the class's behavior
+            yield_on_timeout=True,
+            ignore_permission_denied=True,
+        )
+
+    def should_restart(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        self.pause()
+
+        changes = next(self.watcher)
+        if changes:
+            unique_paths = {Path(c[1]) for c in changes}
+            return [p for p in unique_paths if self.watch_filter(p)]
+        return None
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/workers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/workers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..827d091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/workers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import signal
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import Any
+
+from gunicorn.arbiter import Arbiter
+from gunicorn.workers.base import Worker
+
+from uvicorn._compat import asyncio_run
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.server import Server
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The `uvicorn.workers` module is deprecated. Please use `uvicorn-worker` package instead.\n"
+    "For more details, see https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn-worker.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
+
+
+class UvicornWorker(Worker):
+    """
+    A worker class for Gunicorn that interfaces with an ASGI consumer callable,
+    rather than a WSGI callable.
+    """
+
+    CONFIG_KWARGS: dict[str, Any] = {"loop": "auto", "http": "auto"}
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        logger.handlers = self.log.error_log.handlers
+        logger.setLevel(self.log.error_log.level)
+        logger.propagate = False
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access")
+        logger.handlers = self.log.access_log.handlers
+        logger.setLevel(self.log.access_log.level)
+        logger.propagate = False
+
+        config_kwargs: dict = {
+            "app": None,
+            "log_config": None,
+            "timeout_keep_alive": self.cfg.keepalive,
+            "timeout_notify": self.timeout,
+            "callback_notify": self.callback_notify,
+            "limit_max_requests": self.max_requests,
+            "forwarded_allow_ips": self.cfg.forwarded_allow_ips,
+        }
+
+        if self.cfg.is_ssl:
+            ssl_kwargs = {
+                "ssl_keyfile": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("keyfile"),
+                "ssl_certfile": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("certfile"),
+                "ssl_keyfile_password": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("password"),
+                "ssl_version": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("ssl_version"),
+                "ssl_cert_reqs": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("cert_reqs"),
+                "ssl_ca_certs": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("ca_certs"),
+                "ssl_ciphers": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("ciphers"),
+            }
+            config_kwargs.update(ssl_kwargs)
+
+        if self.cfg.settings["backlog"].value:
+            config_kwargs["backlog"] = self.cfg.settings["backlog"].value
+
+        config_kwargs.update(self.CONFIG_KWARGS)
+
+        self.config = Config(**config_kwargs)
+
+    def init_signals(self) -> None:
+        # Reset signals so Gunicorn doesn't swallow subprocess return codes
+        # other signals are set up by Server.install_signal_handlers()
+        # See: https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/894
+        for s in self.SIGNALS:
+            signal.signal(s, signal.SIG_DFL)
+
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, self.handle_usr1)
+        # Don't let SIGUSR1 disturb active requests by interrupting system calls
+        signal.siginterrupt(signal.SIGUSR1, False)
+
+    def _install_sigquit_handler(self) -> None:
+        """Install a SIGQUIT handler on workers.
+
+        - https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/1116
+        - https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2604
+        """
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGQUIT, self.handle_exit, signal.SIGQUIT, None)
+
+    async def _serve(self) -> None:
+        self.config.app = self.wsgi
+        server = Server(config=self.config)
+        self._install_sigquit_handler()
+        await server.serve(sockets=self.sockets)
+        if not server.started:
+            sys.exit(Arbiter.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        return asyncio_run(self._serve(), loop_factory=self.config.get_loop_factory())
+
+    async def callback_notify(self) -> None:
+        self.notify()
+
+
+class UvicornH11Worker(UvicornWorker):
+    CONFIG_KWARGS = {"loop": "asyncio", "http": "h11"}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6fe47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: uvloop
+Version: 0.22.1
+Summary: Fast implementation of asyncio event loop on top of libuv
+Author-email: Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io>
+License: MIT License
+Project-URL: github, https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
+Keywords: asyncio,networking
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Requires-Python: >=3.8.1
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE-APACHE
+License-File: LICENSE-MIT
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: aiohttp>=3.10.5; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: flake8~=6.1; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: psutil; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pycodestyle~=2.11.0; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pyOpenSSL~=25.3.0; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: mypy>=0.800; extra == "test"
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: setuptools>=60; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: Cython~=3.0; extra == "dev"
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Requires-Dist: Sphinx~=4.1.2; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-asyncio~=0.3.0; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx_rtd_theme~=0.5.2; extra == "docs"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/MagicStack/uvloop/tests.yml?branch=master
+    :target: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/actions/workflows/tests.yml?query=branch%3Amaster
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/uvloop.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uvloop
+
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/uvloop
+    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/uvloop
+    :alt: PyPI - Downloads
+
+
+uvloop is a fast, drop-in replacement of the built-in asyncio
+event loop.  uvloop is implemented in Cython and uses libuv
+under the hood.
+
+The project documentation can be found
+`here <http://uvloop.readthedocs.org/>`_.  Please also check out the
+`wiki <https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/wiki>`_.
+
+
+Performance
+-----------
+
+uvloop makes asyncio 2-4x faster.
+
+.. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MagicStack/uvloop/master/performance.png
+    :target: http://magic.io/blog/uvloop-blazing-fast-python-networking/
+
+The above chart shows the performance of an echo server with different
+message sizes.  The *sockets* benchmark uses ``loop.sock_recv()`` and
+``loop.sock_sendall()`` methods; the *streams* benchmark uses asyncio
+high-level streams, created by the ``asyncio.start_server()`` function;
+and the *protocol* benchmark uses ``loop.create_server()`` with a simple
+echo protocol.  Read more about uvloop in a
+`blog post <http://magic.io/blog/uvloop-blazing-fast-python-networking/>`_
+about it.
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+uvloop requires Python 3.8 or greater and is available on PyPI.
+Use pip to install it::
+
+    $ pip install uvloop
+
+Note that it is highly recommended to **upgrade pip before** installing
+uvloop with::
+
+    $ pip install -U pip
+
+
+Using uvloop
+------------
+
+As of uvloop 0.18, the preferred way of using it is via the
+``uvloop.run()`` helper function:
+
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import uvloop
+
+    async def main():
+        # Main entry-point.
+        ...
+
+    uvloop.run(main())
+
+``uvloop.run()`` works by simply configuring ``asyncio.run()``
+to use uvloop, passing all of the arguments to it, such as ``debug``,
+e.g. ``uvloop.run(main(), debug=True)``.
+
+With Python 3.11 and earlier the following alternative
+snippet can be used:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import asyncio
+    import sys
+
+    import uvloop
+
+    async def main():
+        # Main entry-point.
+        ...
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        with asyncio.Runner(loop_factory=uvloop.new_event_loop) as runner:
+            runner.run(main())
+    else:
+        uvloop.install()
+        asyncio.run(main())
+
+
+Building From Source
+--------------------
+
+To build uvloop, you'll need Python 3.8 or greater:
+
+1. Clone the repository:
+
+   .. code::
+
+    $ git clone --recursive git@github.com:MagicStack/uvloop.git
+    $ cd uvloop
+
+2. Create a virtual environment and activate it:
+
+   .. code::
+
+    $ python3 -m venv uvloop-dev
+    $ source uvloop-dev/bin/activate
+
+3. Install development dependencies:
+
+   ..  code::
+
+    $ pip install -e .[dev]
+
+4. Build and run tests:
+
+   .. code::
+
+    $ make
+    $ make test
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+uvloop is dual-licensed under MIT and Apache 2.0 licenses.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c23ab2c
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e8a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-APACHE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f66d4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+Copyright (C) 2016-present the uvloop authors and contributors.
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
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+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
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+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
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+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
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+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
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+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
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+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
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+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
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+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
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+
+   Copyright (c) 2015-present MagicStack Inc.  http://magic.io
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-MIT b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40fd023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (C) 2016-present the uvloop authors and contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99d4716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uvloop
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638b874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+import asyncio as __asyncio
+import typing as _typing
+import sys as _sys
+import warnings as _warnings
+
+from . import includes as __includes  # NOQA
+from .loop import Loop as __BaseLoop  # NOQA
+from ._version import __version__  # NOQA
+
+
+__all__: _typing.Tuple[str, ...] = ('new_event_loop', 'run')
+_AbstractEventLoop = __asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
+
+
+_T = _typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class Loop(__BaseLoop, _AbstractEventLoop):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    pass
+
+
+def new_event_loop() -> Loop:
+    """Return a new event loop."""
+    return Loop()
+
+
+if _typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    def run(
+        main: _typing.Coroutine[_typing.Any, _typing.Any, _T],
+        *,
+        loop_factory: _typing.Optional[
+            _typing.Callable[[], Loop]
+        ] = new_event_loop,
+        debug: _typing.Optional[bool]=None,
+    ) -> _T:
+        """The preferred way of running a coroutine with uvloop."""
+else:
+    def run(main, *, loop_factory=new_event_loop, debug=None, **run_kwargs):
+        """The preferred way of running a coroutine with uvloop."""
+
+        async def wrapper():
+            # If `loop_factory` is provided we want it to return
+            # either uvloop.Loop or a subtype of it, assuming the user
+            # is using `uvloop.run()` intentionally.
+            loop = __asyncio._get_running_loop()
+            if not isinstance(loop, Loop):
+                raise TypeError('uvloop.run() uses a non-uvloop event loop')
+            return await main
+
+        vi = _sys.version_info[:2]
+
+        if vi <= (3, 10):
+            # Copied from python/cpython
+
+            if __asyncio._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
+
+            if not __asyncio.iscoroutine(main):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "a coroutine was expected, got {!r}".format(main)
+                )
+
+            loop = loop_factory()
+            try:
+                __asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+                if debug is not None:
+                    loop.set_debug(debug)
+                return loop.run_until_complete(wrapper())
+            finally:
+                try:
+                    _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                    loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                    if hasattr(loop, 'shutdown_default_executor'):
+                        loop.run_until_complete(
+                            loop.shutdown_default_executor()
+                        )
+                finally:
+                    __asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+                    loop.close()
+
+        elif vi == (3, 11):
+            if __asyncio._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
+
+            with __asyncio.Runner(
+                loop_factory=loop_factory,
+                debug=debug,
+                **run_kwargs
+            ) as runner:
+                return runner.run(wrapper())
+
+        else:
+            assert vi >= (3, 12)
+            return __asyncio.run(
+                wrapper(),
+                loop_factory=loop_factory,
+                debug=debug,
+                **run_kwargs
+            )
+
+
+def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: _AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+    # Copied from python/cpython
+
+    to_cancel = __asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
+    if not to_cancel:
+        return
+
+    for task in to_cancel:
+        task.cancel()
+
+    loop.run_until_complete(
+        __asyncio.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True)
+    )
+
+    for task in to_cancel:
+        if task.cancelled():
+            continue
+        if task.exception() is not None:
+            loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': 'unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown',
+                'exception': task.exception(),
+                'task': task,
+            })
+
+
+_deprecated_names = ('install', 'EventLoopPolicy')
+
+
+if _sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 16):
+    __all__ += _deprecated_names
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> _typing.Any:
+    if name not in _deprecated_names:
+        raise AttributeError(f"module 'uvloop' has no attribute '{name}'")
+    elif _sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 16):
+        raise AttributeError(
+            f"module 'uvloop' has no attribute '{name}' "
+            f"(it was removed in Python 3.16, use uvloop.run() instead)"
+        )
+
+    import threading
+
+    def install() -> None:
+        """A helper function to install uvloop policy.
+
+        This function is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16.
+        Use `uvloop.run()` instead.
+        """
+        if _sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12):
+            _warnings.warn(
+                'uvloop.install() is deprecated in favor of uvloop.run() '
+                'starting with Python 3.12.',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+            )
+        __asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(EventLoopPolicy())
+
+    class EventLoopPolicy(
+        # This is to avoid a mypy error about AbstractEventLoopPolicy
+        getattr(__asyncio, 'AbstractEventLoopPolicy')  # type: ignore[misc]
+    ):
+        """Event loop policy for uvloop.
+
+        This class is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16.
+        Use `uvloop.run()` instead.
+
+        >>> import asyncio
+        >>> import uvloop
+        >>> asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())
+        >>> asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        <uvloop.Loop running=False closed=False debug=False>
+        """
+
+        def _loop_factory(self) -> Loop:
+            return new_event_loop()
+
+        if _typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+            # EventLoopPolicy doesn't implement these, but since they are
+            # marked as abstract in typeshed, we have to put them in so mypy
+            # thinks the base methods are overridden. This is the same approach
+            # taken for the Windows event loop policy classes in typeshed.
+            def get_child_watcher(self) -> _typing.NoReturn:
+                ...
+
+            def set_child_watcher(
+                self, watcher: _typing.Any
+            ) -> _typing.NoReturn:
+                ...
+
+        class _Local(threading.local):
+            _loop: _typing.Optional[_AbstractEventLoop] = None
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._local = self._Local()
+
+        def get_event_loop(self) -> _AbstractEventLoop:
+            """Get the event loop for the current context.
+
+            Returns an instance of EventLoop or raises an exception.
+            """
+            if self._local._loop is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'There is no current event loop in thread %r.'
+                    % threading.current_thread().name
+                )
+
+            return self._local._loop
+
+        def set_event_loop(
+            self, loop: _typing.Optional[_AbstractEventLoop]
+        ) -> None:
+            """Set the event loop."""
+            if loop is not None and not isinstance(loop, _AbstractEventLoop):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"loop must be an instance of AbstractEventLoop or None, "
+                    f"not '{type(loop).__name__}'"
+                )
+            self._local._loop = loop
+
+        def new_event_loop(self) -> Loop:
+            """Create a new event loop.
+
+            You must call set_event_loop() to make this the current event loop.
+            """
+            return self._loop_factory()
+
+    globals()['install'] = install
+    globals()['EventLoopPolicy'] = EventLoopPolicy
+    return globals()[name]
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfc14dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_noop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+def noop() -> None:
+    """Empty function to invoke CPython ceval loop."""
+    return
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_testbase.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_testbase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e620e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_testbase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+"""Test utilities. Don't use outside of the uvloop project."""
+
+
+import asyncio
+import asyncio.events
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import gc
+import logging
+import os
+import pprint
+import re
+import select
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import time
+import unittest
+import uvloop
+
+
+class MockPattern(str):
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return bool(re.search(str(self), other, re.S))
+
+
+class TestCaseDict(collections.UserDict):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if key in self.data:
+            raise RuntimeError('duplicate test {}.{}'.format(
+                self.name, key))
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+
+class BaseTestCaseMeta(type):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
+        return TestCaseDict(name)
+
+    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, dct):
+        for test_name in dct:
+            if not test_name.startswith('test_'):
+                continue
+            for base in bases:
+                if hasattr(base, test_name):
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        'duplicate test {}.{} (also defined in {} '
+                        'parent class)'.format(
+                            name, test_name, base.__name__))
+
+        return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, dict(dct))
+
+
+class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=BaseTestCaseMeta):
+
+    def new_loop(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def new_policy(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def mock_pattern(self, str):
+        return MockPattern(str)
+
+    async def wait_closed(self, obj):
+        if not isinstance(obj, asyncio.StreamWriter):
+            return
+        try:
+            await obj.wait_closed()
+        except (BrokenPipeError, ConnectionError):
+            pass
+
+    def is_asyncio_loop(self):
+        return type(self.loop).__module__.startswith('asyncio.')
+
+    def run_loop_briefly(self, *, delay=0.01):
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(delay))
+
+    def loop_exception_handler(self, loop, context):
+        self.__unhandled_exceptions.append(context)
+        self.loop.default_exception_handler(context)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = self.new_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(self.new_policy())
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+        self._check_unclosed_resources_in_debug = True
+
+        self.loop.set_exception_handler(self.loop_exception_handler)
+        self.__unhandled_exceptions = []
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+        if self.__unhandled_exceptions:
+            print('Unexpected calls to loop.call_exception_handler():')
+            pprint.pprint(self.__unhandled_exceptions)
+            self.fail('unexpected calls to loop.call_exception_handler()')
+            return
+
+        if not self._check_unclosed_resources_in_debug:
+            return
+
+        # GC to show any resource warnings as the test completes
+        gc.collect()
+        gc.collect()
+        gc.collect()
+
+        if getattr(self.loop, '_debug_cc', False):
+            gc.collect()
+            gc.collect()
+            gc.collect()
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_uv_handles_total,
+                self.loop._debug_uv_handles_freed,
+                'not all uv_handle_t handles were freed')
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_cb_handles_count, 0,
+                'not all callbacks (call_soon) are GCed')
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_count, 0,
+                'not all timer callbacks (call_later) are GCed')
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt, 0,
+                'not all stream write contexts are GCed')
+
+            for h_name, h_cnt in self.loop._debug_handles_current.items():
+                with self.subTest('Alive handle after test',
+                                  handle_name=h_name):
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        h_cnt, 0,
+                        'alive {} after test'.format(h_name))
+
+            for h_name, h_cnt in self.loop._debug_handles_total.items():
+                with self.subTest('Total/closed handles',
+                                  handle_name=h_name):
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        h_cnt, self.loop._debug_handles_closed[h_name],
+                        'total != closed for {}'.format(h_name))
+
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+        asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)
+        self.loop = None
+
+    def skip_unclosed_handles_check(self):
+        self._check_unclosed_resources_in_debug = False
+
+    def tcp_server(self, server_prog, *,
+                   family=socket.AF_INET,
+                   addr=None,
+                   timeout=5,
+                   backlog=1,
+                   max_clients=10):
+
+        if addr is None:
+            if family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+                with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
+                    addr = tmp.name
+            else:
+                addr = ('127.0.0.1', 0)
+
+        sock = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+        if timeout is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('timeout is required')
+        if timeout <= 0:
+            raise RuntimeError('only blocking sockets are supported')
+        sock.settimeout(timeout)
+
+        try:
+            sock.bind(addr)
+            sock.listen(backlog)
+        except OSError as ex:
+            sock.close()
+            raise ex
+
+        return TestThreadedServer(
+            self, sock, server_prog, timeout, max_clients)
+
+    def tcp_client(self, client_prog,
+                   family=socket.AF_INET,
+                   timeout=10):
+
+        sock = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+        if timeout is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('timeout is required')
+        if timeout <= 0:
+            raise RuntimeError('only blocking sockets are supported')
+        sock.settimeout(timeout)
+
+        return TestThreadedClient(
+            self, sock, client_prog, timeout)
+
+    def unix_server(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.tcp_server(*args, family=socket.AF_UNIX, **kwargs)
+
+    def unix_client(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.tcp_client(*args, family=socket.AF_UNIX, **kwargs)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def unix_sock_name(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            fn = os.path.join(td, 'sock')
+            try:
+                yield fn
+            finally:
+                try:
+                    os.unlink(fn)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+
+    def _abort_socket_test(self, ex):
+        try:
+            self.loop.stop()
+        finally:
+            self.fail(ex)
+
+
+def _cert_fullname(test_file_name, cert_file_name):
+    fullname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(
+        os.path.dirname(test_file_name), 'certs', cert_file_name))
+    assert os.path.isfile(fullname)
+    return fullname
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def silence_long_exec_warning():
+
+    class Filter(logging.Filter):
+        def filter(self, record):
+            return not (record.msg.startswith('Executing') and
+                        record.msg.endswith('seconds'))
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger('asyncio')
+    filter = Filter()
+    logger.addFilter(filter)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        logger.removeFilter(filter)
+
+
+def find_free_port(start_from=50000):
+    for port in range(start_from, start_from + 500):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            try:
+                sock.bind(('', port))
+            except socket.error:
+                continue
+            else:
+                return port
+    raise RuntimeError('could not find a free port')
+
+
+class SSLTestCase:
+
+    def _create_server_ssl_context(self, certfile, keyfile=None):
+        if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER'):
+            sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        elif hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_TLS'):
+            sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS)
+        else:
+            sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
+        return sslcontext
+
+    def _create_client_ssl_context(self, *, disable_verify=True):
+        sslcontext = ssl.create_default_context()
+        sslcontext.check_hostname = False
+        if disable_verify:
+            sslcontext.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+        return sslcontext
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _silence_eof_received_warning(self):
+        # TODO This warning has to be fixed in asyncio.
+        logger = logging.getLogger('asyncio')
+        filter = logging.Filter('has no effect when using ssl')
+        logger.addFilter(filter)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            logger.removeFilter(filter)
+
+
+class UVTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    implementation = 'uvloop'
+
+    def new_loop(self):
+        return uvloop.new_event_loop()
+
+    def new_policy(self):
+        return uvloop.EventLoopPolicy()
+
+
+class AIOTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    implementation = 'asyncio'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+            watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
+            watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+            asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+            asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def new_loop(self):
+        return asyncio.new_event_loop()
+
+    def new_policy(self):
+        return asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+
+
+def has_IPv6():
+    server_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+    with server_sock:
+        try:
+            server_sock.bind(('::1', 0))
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+
+has_IPv6 = has_IPv6()
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Socket Testing Utilities
+###############################################################################
+
+
+class TestSocketWrapper:
+
+    def __init__(self, sock):
+        self.__sock = sock
+
+    def recv_all(self, n):
+        buf = b''
+        while len(buf) < n:
+            data = self.recv(n - len(buf))
+            if data == b'':
+                raise ConnectionAbortedError
+            buf += data
+        return buf
+
+    def starttls(self, ssl_context, *,
+                 server_side=False,
+                 server_hostname=None,
+                 do_handshake_on_connect=True):
+
+        assert isinstance(ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext)
+
+        ssl_sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+            self.__sock, server_side=server_side,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect)
+
+        if server_side:
+            ssl_sock.do_handshake()
+
+        self.__sock.close()
+        self.__sock = ssl_sock
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.__sock, name)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} {!r}>'.format(type(self).__name__, self.__sock)
+
+
+class SocketThread(threading.Thread):
+
+    def stop(self):
+        self._active = False
+        self.join()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc):
+        self.stop()
+
+
+class TestThreadedClient(SocketThread):
+
+    def __init__(self, test, sock, prog, timeout):
+        threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, None, 'test-client')
+        self.daemon = True
+
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._active = True
+        self._prog = prog
+        self._test = test
+
+    def run(self):
+        try:
+            self._prog(TestSocketWrapper(self._sock))
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            self._test._abort_socket_test(ex)
+
+
+class TestThreadedServer(SocketThread):
+
+    def __init__(self, test, sock, prog, timeout, max_clients):
+        threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, None, 'test-server')
+        self.daemon = True
+
+        self._clients = 0
+        self._finished_clients = 0
+        self._max_clients = max_clients
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._active = True
+
+        self._prog = prog
+
+        self._s1, self._s2 = socket.socketpair()
+        self._s1.setblocking(False)
+
+        self._test = test
+
+    def stop(self):
+        try:
+            if self._s2 and self._s2.fileno() != -1:
+                try:
+                    self._s2.send(b'stop')
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+        finally:
+            super().stop()
+
+    def run(self):
+        try:
+            with self._sock:
+                self._sock.setblocking(0)
+                self._run()
+        finally:
+            self._s1.close()
+            self._s2.close()
+
+    def _run(self):
+        while self._active:
+            if self._clients >= self._max_clients:
+                return
+
+            r, w, x = select.select(
+                [self._sock, self._s1], [], [], self._timeout)
+
+            if self._s1 in r:
+                return
+
+            if self._sock in r:
+                try:
+                    conn, addr = self._sock.accept()
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    continue
+                except socket.timeout:
+                    if not self._active:
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    self._clients += 1
+                    conn.settimeout(self._timeout)
+                    try:
+                        with conn:
+                            self._handle_client(conn)
+                    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                        raise
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        self._active = False
+                        try:
+                            raise
+                        finally:
+                            self._test._abort_socket_test(ex)
+
+    def _handle_client(self, sock):
+        self._prog(TestSocketWrapper(sock))
+
+    @property
+    def addr(self):
+        return self._sock.getsockname()
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# A few helpers from asyncio/tests/testutils.py
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def run_briefly(loop):
+    async def once():
+        pass
+    gen = once()
+    t = loop.create_task(gen)
+    # Don't log a warning if the task is not done after run_until_complete().
+    # It occurs if the loop is stopped or if a task raises a BaseException.
+    t._log_destroy_pending = False
+    try:
+        loop.run_until_complete(t)
+    finally:
+        gen.close()
+
+
+def run_until(loop, pred, timeout=30):
+    deadline = time.time() + timeout
+    while not pred():
+        if timeout is not None:
+            timeout = deadline - time.time()
+            if timeout <= 0:
+                raise asyncio.futures.TimeoutError()
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.tasks.sleep(0.001))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def disable_logger():
+    """Context manager to disable asyncio logger.
+
+    For example, it can be used to ignore warnings in debug mode.
+    """
+    old_level = asyncio.log.logger.level
+    try:
+        asyncio.log.logger.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL + 1)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        asyncio.log.logger.setLevel(old_level)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0043c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file MUST NOT contain anything but the __version__ assignment.
+#
+# When making a release, change the value of __version__
+# to an appropriate value, and open a pull request against
+# the correct branch (master if making a new feature release).
+# The commit message MUST contain a properly formatted release
+# log, and the commit must be signed.
+#
+# The release automation will: build and test the packages for the
+# supported platforms, publish the packages on PyPI, merge the PR
+# to the target branch, create a Git tag pointing to the commit.
+
+__version__ = '0.22.1'
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e594b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+cdef class Handle:
+    cdef:
+        Loop loop
+        object context
+        bint _cancelled
+
+        str meth_name
+        int cb_type
+        void *callback
+        object arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4
+
+        object __weakref__
+
+        readonly _source_traceback
+
+    cdef inline _set_loop(self, Loop loop)
+    cdef inline _set_context(self, object context)
+
+    cdef inline _run(self)
+    cdef _cancel(self)
+
+    cdef _format_handle(self)
+
+
+cdef class TimerHandle:
+    cdef:
+        object callback
+        tuple args
+        bint _cancelled
+        UVTimer timer
+        Loop loop
+        object context
+        tuple _debug_info
+        object __weakref__
+        object _when
+
+    cdef _run(self)
+    cdef _cancel(self)
+    cdef inline _clear(self)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2914b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class Handle:
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._cancelled = 0
+        self.cb_type = 0
+        self._source_traceback = None
+
+    cdef inline _set_loop(self, Loop loop):
+        self.loop = loop
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_cb_handles_total += 1
+            loop._debug_cb_handles_count += 1
+        if loop._debug:
+            self._source_traceback = extract_stack()
+
+    cdef inline _set_context(self, object context):
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG and self.loop is not None:
+            self.loop._debug_cb_handles_count -= 1
+        if self.loop is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('Handle.loop is None in Handle.__dealloc__')
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        raise TypeError(
+            '{} is not supposed to be instantiated from Python'.format(
+                self.__class__.__name__))
+
+    cdef inline _run(self):
+        cdef:
+            int cb_type
+            object callback
+
+        if self._cancelled:
+            return
+
+        cb_type = self.cb_type
+
+        # Since _run is a cdef and there's no BoundMethod,
+        # we guard 'self' manually (since the callback
+        # might cause GC of the handle.)
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+        try:
+            assert self.context is not None
+            Context_Enter(self.context)
+
+            if cb_type == 1:
+                callback = self.arg1
+                if callback is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        'cannot run Handle; callback is not set')
+
+                args = self.arg2
+
+                if args is None:
+                    callback()
+                else:
+                    callback(*args)
+
+            elif cb_type == 2:
+                (<method_t>self.callback)(self.arg1)
+
+            elif cb_type == 3:
+                (<method1_t>self.callback)(self.arg1, self.arg2)
+
+            elif cb_type == 4:
+                (<method2_t>self.callback)(self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3)
+
+            elif cb_type == 5:
+                (<method3_t>self.callback)(
+                    self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3, self.arg4)
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError('invalid Handle.cb_type: {}'.format(
+                    cb_type))
+
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if cb_type == 1:
+                msg = 'Exception in callback {}'.format(callback)
+            else:
+                msg = 'Exception in callback {}'.format(self.meth_name)
+
+            context = {
+                'message': msg,
+                'exception': ex,
+                'handle': self,
+            }
+
+            if self._source_traceback is not None:
+                context['source_traceback'] = self._source_traceback
+
+            self.loop.call_exception_handler(context)
+
+        finally:
+            context = self.context
+            Py_DECREF(self)
+            Context_Exit(context)
+
+    cdef _cancel(self):
+        self._cancelled = 1
+        self.callback = NULL
+        self.arg1 = self.arg2 = self.arg3 = self.arg4 = None
+
+    cdef _format_handle(self):
+        # Mirrors `asyncio.base_events._format_handle`.
+        if self.cb_type == 1 and self.arg1 is not None:
+            cb = self.arg1
+            if isinstance(getattr(cb, '__self__', None), aio_Task):
+                try:
+                    return repr(cb.__self__)
+                except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError) as ex:
+                    # Cython generates empty __code__ objects for coroutines
+                    # that can crash asyncio.Task.__repr__ with an
+                    # AttributeError etc.  Guard against that.
+                    self.loop.call_exception_handler({
+                        'message': 'exception in Task.__repr__',
+                        'task': cb.__self__,
+                        'exception': ex,
+                        'handle': self,
+                    })
+        return repr(self)
+
+    # Public API
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = [self.__class__.__name__]
+
+        if self._cancelled:
+            info.append('cancelled')
+
+        if self.cb_type == 1 and self.arg1 is not None:
+            func = self.arg1
+            # Cython can unset func.__qualname__/__name__, hence the checks.
+            if hasattr(func, '__qualname__') and func.__qualname__:
+                cb_name = func.__qualname__
+            elif hasattr(func, '__name__') and func.__name__:
+                cb_name = func.__name__
+            else:
+                cb_name = repr(func)
+
+            info.append(cb_name)
+        elif self.meth_name is not None:
+            info.append(self.meth_name)
+
+        if self._source_traceback is not None:
+            frame = self._source_traceback[-1]
+            info.append('created at {}:{}'.format(frame[0], frame[1]))
+
+        return '<' + ' '.join(info) + '>'
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self._cancel()
+
+    def cancelled(self):
+        return self._cancelled
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class TimerHandle:
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, object callback, object args,
+                  uint64_t delay, object context):
+
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.args = args
+        self._cancelled = 0
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_total += 1
+            self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_count += 1
+
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+        if loop._debug:
+            self._debug_info = (
+                format_callback_name(callback),
+                extract_stack()
+            )
+        else:
+            self._debug_info = None
+
+        self.timer = UVTimer.new(
+            loop, <method_t>self._run, self, delay)
+
+        self.timer.start()
+        self._when = self.timer.get_when() * 1e-3
+
+        # Only add to loop._timers when `self.timer` is successfully created
+        loop._timers.add(self)
+
+    property _source_traceback:
+        def __get__(self):
+            if self._debug_info is not None:
+                return self._debug_info[1]
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_count -= 1
+        if self.timer is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError('active TimerHandle is deallacating')
+
+    cdef _cancel(self):
+        if self._cancelled == 1:
+            return
+        self._cancelled = 1
+        self._clear()
+
+    cdef inline _clear(self):
+        if self.timer is None:
+            return
+
+        self.callback = None
+        self.args = None
+
+        try:
+            self.loop._timers.remove(self)
+        finally:
+            self.timer._close()
+            self.timer = None  # let the UVTimer handle GC
+
+    cdef _run(self):
+        if self._cancelled == 1:
+            return
+        if self.callback is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('cannot run TimerHandle; callback is not set')
+
+        callback = self.callback
+        args = self.args
+
+        # Since _run is a cdef and there's no BoundMethod,
+        # we guard 'self' manually.
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+        if self.loop._debug:
+            started = time_monotonic()
+        try:
+            assert self.context is not None
+            Context_Enter(self.context)
+
+            if args is not None:
+                callback(*args)
+            else:
+                callback()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            context = {
+                'message': 'Exception in callback {}'.format(callback),
+                'exception': ex,
+                'handle': self,
+            }
+
+            if self._debug_info is not None:
+                context['source_traceback'] = self._debug_info[1]
+
+            self.loop.call_exception_handler(context)
+        else:
+            if self.loop._debug:
+                delta = time_monotonic() - started
+                if delta > self.loop.slow_callback_duration:
+                    aio_logger.warning(
+                        'Executing %r took %.3f seconds',
+                        self, delta)
+        finally:
+            context = self.context
+            Py_DECREF(self)
+            Context_Exit(context)
+            self._clear()
+
+    # Public API
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = [self.__class__.__name__]
+
+        if self._cancelled:
+            info.append('cancelled')
+
+        if self._debug_info is not None:
+            callback_name = self._debug_info[0]
+            source_traceback = self._debug_info[1]
+        else:
+            callback_name = None
+            source_traceback = None
+
+        if callback_name is not None:
+            info.append(callback_name)
+        elif self.callback is not None:
+            info.append(format_callback_name(self.callback))
+
+        if source_traceback is not None:
+            frame = source_traceback[-1]
+            info.append('created at {}:{}'.format(frame[0], frame[1]))
+
+        return '<' + ' '.join(info) + '>'
+
+    def cancelled(self):
+        return self._cancelled
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self._cancel()
+
+    def when(self):
+        return self._when
+
+
+cdef format_callback_name(func):
+    if hasattr(func, '__qualname__'):
+        cb_name = getattr(func, '__qualname__')
+    elif hasattr(func, '__name__'):
+        cb_name = getattr(func, '__name__')
+    else:
+        cb_name = repr(func)
+    return cb_name
+
+
+cdef new_Handle(Loop loop, object callback, object args, object context):
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 1
+
+    handle.arg1 = callback
+    handle.arg2 = args
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle(Loop loop, str name, method_t callback, object context,
+                      object bound_to):
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 2
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle1(Loop loop, str name, method1_t callback, object context,
+                       object bound_to, object arg):
+
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 3
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+    handle.arg2 = arg
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle2(Loop loop, str name, method2_t callback, object context,
+                       object bound_to, object arg1, object arg2):
+
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 4
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+    handle.arg2 = arg1
+    handle.arg3 = arg2
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle3(Loop loop, str name, method3_t callback, object context,
+                       object bound_to, object arg1, object arg2, object arg3):
+
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 5
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+    handle.arg2 = arg1
+    handle.arg3 = arg2
+    handle.arg4 = arg3
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef extract_stack():
+    """Replacement for traceback.extract_stack() that only does the
+    necessary work for asyncio debug mode.
+    """
+    try:
+        f = sys_getframe()
+    # sys._getframe() might raise ValueError if being called without a frame, e.g.
+    # from Cython or similar C extensions.
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    if f is None:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        stack = tb_StackSummary.extract(tb_walk_stack(f),
+                                        limit=DEBUG_STACK_DEPTH,
+                                        lookup_lines=False)
+    finally:
+        f = None
+
+    stack.reverse()
+    return stack
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/dns.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/dns.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67aeb59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/dns.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+cdef __port_to_int(port, proto):
+    if type(port) is int:
+        return port
+
+    if port is None or port == '' or port == b'':
+        return 0
+
+    try:
+        return int(port)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        pass
+
+    if isinstance(port, bytes):
+        port = port.decode()
+
+    if isinstance(port, str) and proto is not None:
+        if proto == uv.IPPROTO_TCP:
+            return socket_getservbyname(port, 'tcp')
+        elif proto == uv.IPPROTO_UDP:
+            return socket_getservbyname(port, 'udp')
+
+    raise OSError('service/proto not found')
+
+
+cdef __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(const system.sockaddr* addr):
+    # Converts sockaddr structs into what Python socket
+    # module can understand:
+    #   - for IPv4 a tuple of (host, port)
+    #   - for IPv6 a tuple of (host, port, flowinfo, scope_id)
+
+    cdef:
+        char buf[128]  # INET6_ADDRSTRLEN is usually 46
+        int err
+        system.sockaddr_in *addr4
+        system.sockaddr_in6 *addr6
+        system.sockaddr_un *addr_un
+
+    if addr.sa_family == uv.AF_INET:
+        addr4 = <system.sockaddr_in*>addr
+
+        err = uv.uv_ip4_name(addr4, buf, sizeof(buf))
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        return (
+            PyUnicode_FromString(buf),
+            system.ntohs(addr4.sin_port)
+        )
+
+    elif addr.sa_family == uv.AF_INET6:
+        addr6 = <system.sockaddr_in6*>addr
+
+        err = uv.uv_ip6_name(addr6, buf, sizeof(buf))
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        return (
+            PyUnicode_FromString(buf),
+            system.ntohs(addr6.sin6_port),
+            system.ntohl(addr6.sin6_flowinfo),
+            addr6.sin6_scope_id
+        )
+
+    elif addr.sa_family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+        addr_un = <system.sockaddr_un*>addr
+        return system.MakeUnixSockPyAddr(addr_un)
+
+    raise RuntimeError("cannot convert sockaddr into Python object")
+
+
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class SockAddrHolder:
+    cdef:
+        int family
+        system.sockaddr_storage addr
+        Py_ssize_t addr_size
+
+
+cdef LruCache sockaddrs = LruCache(maxsize=DNS_PYADDR_TO_SOCKADDR_CACHE_SIZE)
+
+
+cdef __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(int family, object addr,
+                                  system.sockaddr* res):
+    cdef:
+        int err
+        int addr_len
+        int scope_id = 0
+        int flowinfo = 0
+        char *buf
+        Py_ssize_t buflen
+        SockAddrHolder ret
+
+    ret = sockaddrs.get(addr, None)
+    if ret is not None and ret.family == family:
+        memcpy(res, &ret.addr, ret.addr_size)
+        return
+
+    ret = SockAddrHolder.__new__(SockAddrHolder)
+    if family == uv.AF_INET:
+        if not isinstance(addr, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('AF_INET address must be tuple')
+        if len(addr) != 2:
+            raise ValueError('AF_INET address must be tuple of (host, port)')
+        host, port = addr
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            try:
+                # idna codec is rather slow, so we try ascii first.
+                host = host.encode('ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                host = host.encode('idna')
+        if not isinstance(host, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            raise TypeError('host must be a string or bytes object')
+
+        port = __port_to_int(port, None)
+
+        ret.addr_size = sizeof(system.sockaddr_in)
+        err = uv.uv_ip4_addr(host, <int>port, <system.sockaddr_in*>&ret.addr)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    elif family == uv.AF_INET6:
+        if not isinstance(addr, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('AF_INET6 address must be tuple')
+
+        addr_len = len(addr)
+        if addr_len < 2 or addr_len > 4:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'AF_INET6 must be a tuple of 2-4 parameters: '
+                '(host, port, flowinfo?, scope_id?)')
+
+        host = addr[0]
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            try:
+                # idna codec is rather slow, so we try ascii first.
+                host = host.encode('ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                host = host.encode('idna')
+        if not isinstance(host, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            raise TypeError('host must be a string or bytes object')
+
+        port = __port_to_int(addr[1], None)
+
+        if addr_len > 2:
+            flowinfo = addr[2]
+        if addr_len > 3:
+            scope_id = addr[3]
+
+        ret.addr_size = sizeof(system.sockaddr_in6)
+
+        err = uv.uv_ip6_addr(host, port, <system.sockaddr_in6*>&ret.addr)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        (<system.sockaddr_in6*>&ret.addr).sin6_flowinfo = flowinfo
+        (<system.sockaddr_in6*>&ret.addr).sin6_scope_id = scope_id
+
+    elif family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+        if isinstance(addr, str):
+            addr = addr.encode(sys_getfilesystemencoding())
+        elif not isinstance(addr, bytes):
+            raise TypeError('AF_UNIX address must be a str or a bytes object')
+
+        PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(addr, &buf, &buflen)
+        if buflen > 107:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'unix socket path {addr!r} is longer than 107 characters')
+
+        ret.addr_size = sizeof(system.sockaddr_un)
+        memset(&ret.addr, 0, sizeof(system.sockaddr_un))
+        (<system.sockaddr_un*>&ret.addr).sun_family = uv.AF_UNIX
+        memcpy((<system.sockaddr_un*>&ret.addr).sun_path, buf, buflen)
+
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f'expected AF_INET, AF_INET6, or AF_UNIX family, got {family}')
+
+    ret.family = family
+    sockaddrs[addr] = ret
+    memcpy(res, &ret.addr, ret.addr_size)
+
+
+cdef __static_getaddrinfo(object host, object port,
+                          int family, int type,
+                          int proto,
+                          system.sockaddr *addr):
+
+    if proto not in {0, uv.IPPROTO_TCP, uv.IPPROTO_UDP}:
+        return
+
+    if _is_sock_stream(type):
+        proto = uv.IPPROTO_TCP
+    elif _is_sock_dgram(type):
+        proto = uv.IPPROTO_UDP
+    else:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        port = __port_to_int(port, proto)
+    except Exception:
+        return
+
+    hp = (host, port)
+    if family == uv.AF_UNSPEC:
+        try:
+            __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(uv.AF_INET, hp, addr)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return (uv.AF_INET, type, proto)
+
+        try:
+            __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(uv.AF_INET6, hp, addr)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return (uv.AF_INET6, type, proto)
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(family, hp, addr)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return (family, type, proto)
+
+
+cdef __static_getaddrinfo_pyaddr(object host, object port,
+                                 int family, int type,
+                                 int proto, int flags):
+
+    cdef:
+        system.sockaddr_storage addr
+        object triplet
+
+    triplet = __static_getaddrinfo(
+        host, port, family, type,
+        proto, <system.sockaddr*>&addr)
+    if triplet is None:
+        return
+
+    af, type, proto = triplet
+
+    try:
+        pyaddr = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(<system.sockaddr*>&addr)
+    except Exception:
+        return
+
+    # When the host is an IP while type is one of TCP or UDP, different libc
+    # implementations of getaddrinfo() behave differently:
+    # 1. When AI_CANONNAME is set:
+    #    * glibc: returns ai_canonname
+    #    * musl: returns ai_canonname
+    #    * macOS: returns an empty string for ai_canonname
+    # 2. When AI_CANONNAME is NOT set:
+    #    * glibc: returns an empty string for ai_canonname
+    #    * musl: returns ai_canonname
+    #    * macOS: returns an empty string for ai_canonname
+    # At the same time, libuv and CPython both uses libc directly, even though
+    # this different behavior is violating what is in the documentation.
+    #
+    # uvloop potentially should be a 100% drop-in replacement for asyncio,
+    # doing whatever asyncio does, especially when the libc implementations are
+    # also different in the same way. However, making our implementation to be
+    # consistent with libc/CPython would be complex and hard to maintain
+    # (including caching libc behaviors when flag is/not set), therefore we
+    # decided to simply normalize the behavior in uvloop for this very marginal
+    # case following the documentation, even though uvloop would behave
+    # differently to asyncio on macOS and musl platforms, when again the host
+    # is an IP and type is one of TCP or UDP.
+    # All other cases are still asyncio-compatible.
+    if flags & socket_AI_CANONNAME:
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            canon_name = host
+        else:
+            canon_name = host.decode('ascii')
+    else:
+        canon_name = ''
+
+    return (
+        _intenum_converter(af, socket_AddressFamily),
+        _intenum_converter(type, socket_SocketKind),
+        proto,
+        canon_name,
+        pyaddr,
+    )
+
+
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class AddrInfo:
+    cdef:
+        system.addrinfo *data
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.data = NULL
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if self.data is not NULL:
+            uv.uv_freeaddrinfo(self.data)  # returns void
+            self.data = NULL
+
+    cdef void set_data(self, system.addrinfo *data) noexcept:
+        self.data = data
+
+    cdef unpack(self):
+        cdef:
+            list result = []
+            system.addrinfo *ptr
+
+        if self.data is NULL:
+            raise RuntimeError('AddrInfo.data is NULL')
+
+        ptr = self.data
+        while ptr != NULL:
+            if ptr.ai_addr.sa_family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+                result.append((
+                    _intenum_converter(ptr.ai_family, socket_AddressFamily),
+                    _intenum_converter(ptr.ai_socktype, socket_SocketKind),
+                    ptr.ai_protocol,
+                    ('' if ptr.ai_canonname is NULL else
+                        (<bytes>ptr.ai_canonname).decode()),
+                    __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(ptr.ai_addr)
+                ))
+
+            ptr = ptr.ai_next
+
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef int isinstance(object other):
+        return type(other) is AddrInfo
+
+
+cdef class AddrInfoRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        system.addrinfo hints
+        object callback
+        uv.uv_getaddrinfo_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop,
+                  bytes host, bytes port,
+                  int family, int type, int proto, int flags,
+                  object callback):
+
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            char *chost
+            char *cport
+
+        if host is None:
+            chost = NULL
+        elif host == b'' and sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            # It seems `getaddrinfo("", ...)` on macOS is equivalent to
+            # `getaddrinfo("localhost", ...)`. This is inconsistent with
+            # libuv 1.48 which treats empty nodename as EINVAL.
+            chost = <char*>'localhost'
+        else:
+            chost = <char*>host
+
+        if port is None:
+            cport = NULL
+        else:
+            cport = <char*>port
+
+        memset(&self.hints, 0, sizeof(system.addrinfo))
+        self.hints.ai_flags = flags
+        self.hints.ai_family = family
+        self.hints.ai_socktype = type
+        self.hints.ai_protocol = proto
+
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*> &self._req_data
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+
+        err = uv.uv_getaddrinfo(loop.uvloop,
+                                <uv.uv_getaddrinfo_t*>self.request,
+                                __on_addrinfo_resolved,
+                                chost,
+                                cport,
+                                &self.hints)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            self.on_done()
+            try:
+                if err == uv.UV_EINVAL:
+                    # Convert UV_EINVAL to EAI_NONAME to match libc behavior
+                    msg = system.gai_strerror(socket_EAI_NONAME).decode('utf-8')
+                    ex = socket_gaierror(socket_EAI_NONAME, msg)
+                else:
+                    ex = convert_error(err)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                callback(ex)
+            else:
+                callback(ex)
+
+
+cdef class NameInfoRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        object callback
+        uv.uv_getnameinfo_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, callback):
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*> &self._req_data
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+
+    cdef query(self, system.sockaddr *addr, int flags):
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_getnameinfo(self.loop.uvloop,
+                                <uv.uv_getnameinfo_t*>self.request,
+                                __on_nameinfo_resolved,
+                                addr,
+                                flags)
+        if err < 0:
+            self.on_done()
+            self.callback(convert_error(err))
+
+
+cdef _intenum_converter(value, enum_klass):
+    try:
+        return enum_klass(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return value
+
+
+cdef void __on_addrinfo_resolved(
+    uv.uv_getaddrinfo_t *resolver,
+    int status,
+    system.addrinfo *res,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if resolver.data is NULL:
+        aio_logger.error(
+            'AddrInfoRequest callback called with NULL resolver.data')
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        AddrInfoRequest request = <AddrInfoRequest> resolver.data
+        Loop loop = request.loop
+        object callback = request.callback
+        AddrInfo ai
+
+    try:
+        if status < 0:
+            callback(convert_error(status))
+        else:
+            ai = AddrInfo()
+            ai.set_data(res)
+            callback(ai)
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+        raise
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        loop._handle_exception(ex)
+    finally:
+        request.on_done()
+
+
+cdef void __on_nameinfo_resolved(
+    uv.uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
+    int status,
+    const char* hostname,
+    const char* service,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        NameInfoRequest request = <NameInfoRequest> req.data
+        Loop loop = request.loop
+        object callback = request.callback
+
+    try:
+        if status < 0:
+            callback(convert_error(status))
+        else:
+            callback(((<bytes>hostname).decode(),
+                      (<bytes>service).decode()))
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+        raise
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        loop._handle_exception(ex)
+    finally:
+        request.on_done()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/errors.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/errors.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d810d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/errors.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+cdef str __strerr(int errno):
+    return strerror(errno).decode()
+
+
+cdef __convert_python_error(int uverr):
+    # XXX Won't work for Windows:
+    # From libuv docs:
+    #      Implementation detail: on Unix error codes are the
+    #      negated errno (or -errno), while on Windows they
+    #      are defined by libuv to arbitrary negative numbers.
+    cdef int oserr = -uverr
+
+    exc = OSError
+
+    if uverr in (uv.UV_EACCES, uv.UV_EPERM):
+        exc = PermissionError
+
+    elif uverr in (uv.UV_EAGAIN, uv.UV_EALREADY):
+        exc = BlockingIOError
+
+    elif uverr in (uv.UV_EPIPE, uv.UV_ESHUTDOWN):
+        exc = BrokenPipeError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ECONNABORTED:
+        exc = ConnectionAbortedError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ECONNREFUSED:
+        exc = ConnectionRefusedError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ECONNRESET:
+        exc = ConnectionResetError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EEXIST:
+        exc = FileExistsError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ENOENT:
+        exc = FileNotFoundError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EINTR:
+        exc = InterruptedError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EISDIR:
+        exc = IsADirectoryError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ESRCH:
+        exc = ProcessLookupError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ETIMEDOUT:
+        exc = TimeoutError
+
+    return exc(oserr, __strerr(oserr))
+
+
+cdef int __convert_socket_error(int uverr):
+    cdef int sock_err = 0
+
+    if uverr == uv.UV_EAI_ADDRFAMILY:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_ADDRFAMILY
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_AGAIN:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_AGAIN
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_BADFLAGS:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_BADFLAGS
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_BADHINTS:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_BADHINTS
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_CANCELED:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_CANCELED
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_FAIL:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_FAIL
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_FAMILY:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_FAMILY
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_MEMORY:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_MEMORY
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_NODATA:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_NODATA
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_NONAME:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_NONAME
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_OVERFLOW:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_OVERFLOW
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_PROTOCOL:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_PROTOCOL
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_SERVICE:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_SERVICE
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_SOCKTYPE:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_SOCKTYPE
+
+    return sock_err
+
+
+cdef convert_error(int uverr):
+    cdef int sock_err
+
+    if uverr == uv.UV_ECANCELED:
+        return aio_CancelledError()
+
+    sock_err = __convert_socket_error(uverr)
+    if sock_err:
+        msg = system.gai_strerror(sock_err).decode('utf-8')
+        return socket_gaierror(sock_err, msg)
+
+    return __convert_python_error(uverr)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f0d820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cdef class UVAsync(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        method_t callback
+        object ctx
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx)
+
+    cdef send(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVAsync new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c740cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVAsync(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_async_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_async_init(self._loop.uvloop,
+                               <uv.uv_async_t*>self._handle,
+                               __uvasync_callback)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.ctx = ctx
+
+    cdef send(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_async_send(<uv.uv_async_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVAsync new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx):
+        cdef UVAsync handle
+        handle = UVAsync.__new__(UVAsync)
+        handle._init(loop, callback, ctx)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void __uvasync_callback(
+    uv.uv_async_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVAsync callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVAsync async_ = <UVAsync> handle.data
+        method_t cb = async_.callback
+    try:
+        cb(async_.ctx)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        async_._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba356a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+cdef class UVBaseTransport(UVSocketHandle):
+
+    cdef:
+        readonly bint _closing
+
+        bint _protocol_connected
+        bint _protocol_paused
+        object _protocol_data_received
+        size_t _high_water
+        size_t _low_water
+
+        object _protocol
+        Server _server
+        object _waiter
+
+        dict _extra_info
+
+        uint32_t _conn_lost
+
+        object __weakref__
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _maybe_pause_protocol(self)
+    cdef inline _maybe_resume_protocol(self)
+
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_made(self)
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_lost(self, exc)
+
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self)
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self)
+    cdef _call_connection_lost(self, exc)
+
+    # Overloads of UVHandle methods:
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=?)
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+    cdef inline _set_server(self, Server server)
+    cdef inline _set_waiter(self, object waiter)
+
+    cdef _set_protocol(self, object protocol)
+    cdef _clear_protocol(self)
+
+    cdef inline _init_protocol(self)
+    cdef inline _add_extra_info(self, str name, object obj)
+
+    # === overloads ===
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self)
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self)
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self)
+    cdef _start_reading(self)
+    cdef _stop_reading(self)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28b3079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+cdef class UVBaseTransport(UVSocketHandle):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        # Flow control
+        self._high_water = FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER * 1024
+        self._low_water = FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER // 4
+
+        self._protocol = None
+        self._protocol_connected = 0
+        self._protocol_paused = 0
+        self._protocol_data_received = None
+
+        self._server = None
+        self._waiter = None
+        self._extra_info = None
+
+        self._conn_lost = 0
+
+        self._closing = 0
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        return 0
+
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_made(self):
+        self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                             "UVTransport._call_connection_made",
+                             <method_t>self._call_connection_made,
+                             self.context,
+                             self))
+
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_lost(self, exc):
+        self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle1(self._loop,
+                              "UVTransport._call_connection_lost",
+                              <method1_t>self._call_connection_lost,
+                              self.context,
+                              self, exc))
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        # Overload UVHandle._fatal_error
+
+        self._force_close(exc)
+
+        if not isinstance(exc, OSError):
+
+            if throw or self._loop is None:
+                raise exc
+
+            msg = f'Fatal error on transport {self.__class__.__name__}'
+            if reason is not None:
+                msg = f'{msg} ({reason})'
+
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': msg,
+                'exception': exc,
+                'transport': self,
+                'protocol': self._protocol,
+            })
+
+    cdef inline _maybe_pause_protocol(self):
+        cdef:
+            size_t size = self._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+        if size <= self._high_water:
+            return
+
+        if not self._protocol_paused:
+            self._protocol_paused = 1
+            try:
+                # _maybe_pause_protocol() is always triggered from user-calls,
+                # so we must copy the context to avoid entering context twice
+                run_in_context(
+                    self.context.copy(), self._protocol.pause_writing,
+                )
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.pause_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self,
+                    'protocol': self._protocol,
+                })
+
+    cdef inline _maybe_resume_protocol(self):
+        cdef:
+            size_t size = self._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+        if self._protocol_paused and size <= self._low_water:
+            self._protocol_paused = 0
+            try:
+                # We're copying the context to avoid entering context twice,
+                # even though it's not always necessary to copy - it's easier
+                # to copy here than passing down a copied context.
+                run_in_context(
+                    self.context.copy(), self._protocol.resume_writing,
+                )
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.resume_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self,
+                    'protocol': self._protocol,
+                })
+
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self):
+        if self._waiter is not None:
+            if not self._waiter.cancelled():
+                if not self._is_alive():
+                    self._waiter.set_exception(
+                        RuntimeError(
+                            'closed Transport handle and unset waiter'))
+                else:
+                    self._waiter.set_result(True)
+            self._waiter = None
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self):
+        if self._protocol is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'protocol is not set, cannot call connection_made()')
+
+        # We use `_is_alive()` and not `_closing`, because we call
+        # `transport._close()` in `loop.create_connection()` if an
+        # exception happens during `await waiter`.
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            # A connection waiter can be cancelled between
+            # 'await loop.create_connection()' and
+            # `_schedule_call_connection_made` and
+            # the actual `_call_connection_made`.
+            self._wakeup_waiter()
+            return
+
+        # Set _protocol_connected to 1 before calling "connection_made":
+        # if transport is aborted or closed, "connection_lost" will
+        # still be scheduled.
+        self._protocol_connected = 1
+
+        try:
+            self._protocol.connection_made(self)
+        except BaseException:
+            self._wakeup_waiter()
+            raise
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            # This might happen when "transport.abort()" is called
+            # from "Protocol.connection_made".
+            self._wakeup_waiter()
+            return
+
+        self._start_reading()
+        self._wakeup_waiter()
+
+    cdef _call_connection_lost(self, exc):
+        if self._waiter is not None:
+            if not self._waiter.done():
+                self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
+            self._waiter = None
+
+        if self._closed:
+            # The handle is closed -- likely, _call_connection_lost
+            # was already called before.
+            return
+
+        try:
+            if self._protocol_connected:
+                self._protocol.connection_lost(exc)
+        finally:
+            self._clear_protocol()
+
+            self._close()
+
+            server = self._server
+            if server is not None:
+                (<Server>server)._detach()
+                self._server = None
+
+    cdef inline _set_server(self, Server server):
+        self._server = server
+        (<Server>server)._attach()
+
+    cdef inline _set_waiter(self, object waiter):
+        if waiter is not None and not isfuture(waiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'invalid waiter object {waiter!r}, expected asyncio.Future')
+
+        self._waiter = waiter
+
+    cdef _set_protocol(self, object protocol):
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        # Store a reference to the bound method directly
+        try:
+            self._protocol_data_received = protocol.data_received
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    cdef _clear_protocol(self):
+        self._protocol = None
+        self._protocol_data_received = None
+
+    cdef inline _init_protocol(self):
+        self._loop._track_transport(self)
+        if self._protocol is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('invalid _init_protocol call')
+        self._schedule_call_connection_made()
+
+    cdef inline _add_extra_info(self, str name, object obj):
+        if self._extra_info is None:
+            self._extra_info = {}
+        self._extra_info[name] = obj
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    cdef _start_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    cdef _stop_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    # === Public API ===
+
+    property _paused:
+        # Used by SSLProto.  Might be removed in the future.
+        def __get__(self):
+            return bool(not self._is_reading())
+
+    def get_protocol(self):
+        return self._protocol
+
+    def set_protocol(self, protocol):
+        self._set_protocol(protocol)
+        if self._is_reading():
+            self._stop_reading()
+            self._start_reading()
+
+    def _force_close(self, exc):
+        # Used by SSLProto.  Might be removed in the future.
+        if self._conn_lost or self._closed:
+            return
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = 1
+            self._stop_reading()
+        self._conn_lost += 1
+        self._schedule_call_connection_lost(exc)
+
+    def abort(self):
+        self._force_close(None)
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._closing or self._closed:
+            return
+
+        self._closing = 1
+        self._stop_reading()
+
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            # The write buffer is empty
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            self._schedule_call_connection_lost(None)
+
+    def is_closing(self):
+        return self._closing
+
+    def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        return self._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+    def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        self._high_water, self._low_water = add_flowcontrol_defaults(
+            high, low, FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER)
+
+        self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+
+    def get_write_buffer_limits(self):
+        return (self._low_water, self._high_water)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        if self._extra_info is not None and name in self._extra_info:
+            return self._extra_info[name]
+        if name == 'socket':
+            return self._get_socket()
+        if name == 'sockname':
+            return self._get_socket().getsockname()
+        if name == 'peername':
+            try:
+                return self._get_socket().getpeername()
+            except socket_error:
+                return default
+        return default
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86cfd8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+cdef class UVCheck(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        Handle h
+        bint running
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h)
+
+    cdef inline stop(self)
+    cdef inline start(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVCheck new(Loop loop, Handle h)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a61c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVCheck(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_check_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_check_init(self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_check_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.h = h
+        self.running = 0
+
+    cdef inline stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_check_stop(<uv.uv_check_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef inline start(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            err = uv.uv_check_start(<uv.uv_check_t*>self._handle,
+                                    cb_check_callback)
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVCheck new(Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef UVCheck handle
+        handle = UVCheck.__new__(UVCheck)
+        handle._init(loop, h)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void cb_check_callback(
+    uv.uv_check_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVCheck callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVCheck check = <UVCheck> handle.data
+        Handle h = check.h
+    try:
+        h._run()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        check._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a32428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cdef class UVFSEvent(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        object callback
+        bint running
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, object callback, object context)
+    cdef _close(self)
+    cdef start(self, char* path, int flags)
+    cdef stop(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVFSEvent new(Loop loop, object callback, object context)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ed6433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import enum
+
+
+class FileSystemEvent(enum.IntEnum):
+    RENAME = uv.UV_RENAME
+    CHANGE = uv.UV_CHANGE
+    RENAME_CHANGE = RENAME | CHANGE
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVFSEvent(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, object callback, object context):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+            sizeof(uv.uv_fs_event_t)
+        )
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_fs_event_init(
+            self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_fs_event_t*>self._handle
+        )
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.running = 0
+        self.callback = callback
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+    cdef start(self, char* path, int flags):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            err = uv.uv_fs_event_start(
+                <uv.uv_fs_event_t*>self._handle,
+                __uvfsevent_callback,
+                path,
+                flags,
+            )
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    cdef stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_fs_event_stop(<uv.uv_fs_event_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        try:
+            self.stop()
+        finally:
+            UVHandle._close(<UVHandle>self)
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self._close()
+
+    def cancelled(self):
+        return self.running == 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVFSEvent new(Loop loop, object callback, object context):
+        cdef UVFSEvent handle
+        handle = UVFSEvent.__new__(UVFSEvent)
+        handle._init(loop, callback, context)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void __uvfsevent_callback(
+    uv.uv_fs_event_t* handle,
+    const char *filename,
+    int events,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(
+        <uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVFSEvent callback"
+    ) == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVFSEvent fs_event = <UVFSEvent> handle.data
+        Handle h
+
+    try:
+        h = new_Handle(
+            fs_event._loop,
+            fs_event.callback,
+            (filename, FileSystemEvent(events)),
+            fs_event.context,
+        )
+        h._run()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        fs_event._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5af1c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+cdef class UVHandle:
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_handle_t *_handle
+        Loop _loop
+        readonly _source_traceback
+        bint _closed
+        bint _inited
+        object context
+
+        # Added to enable current UDPTransport implementation,
+        # which doesn't use libuv handles.
+        bint _has_handle
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _start_init(self, Loop loop)
+    cdef inline _abort_init(self)
+    cdef inline _finish_init(self)
+
+    cdef inline bint _is_alive(self)
+    cdef inline _ensure_alive(self)
+
+    cdef _error(self, exc, throw)
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=?)
+
+    cdef _warn_unclosed(self)
+
+    cdef _free(self)
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+
+cdef class UVSocketHandle(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        # Points to a Python file-object that should be closed
+        # when the transport is closing.  Used by pipes.  This
+        # should probably be refactored somehow.
+        object _fileobj
+        object __cached_socket
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef _fileno(self)
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self)
+    cdef inline _get_socket(self)
+    cdef inline _attach_fileobj(self, object file)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c96458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+cdef class UVHandle:
+    """A base class for all libuv handles.
+
+    Automatically manages memory deallocation and closing.
+
+    Important:
+
+       1. call "_ensure_alive()" before calling any libuv functions on
+          your handles.
+
+       2. call "__ensure_handle_data" in *all* libuv handle callbacks.
+    """
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._closed = 0
+        self._inited = 0
+        self._has_handle = 1
+        self._handle = NULL
+        self._loop = None
+        self._source_traceback = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        raise TypeError(
+            '{} is not supposed to be instantiated from Python'.format(
+                self.__class__.__name__))
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self._loop is not None:
+                if self._inited:
+                    self._loop._debug_handles_current.subtract([
+                        self.__class__.__name__])
+            else:
+                # No "@cython.no_gc_clear" decorator on this UVHandle
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{} without @no_gc_clear; loop was set to None by GC'
+                    .format(self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return
+
+        # -> When we're at this point, something is wrong <-
+
+        if self._handle.loop is NULL:
+            # The handle wasn't initialized with "uv_{handle}_init"
+            self._closed = 1
+            self._free()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                '{} is open in __dealloc__ with loop set to NULL'
+                .format(self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        if self._closed:
+            # So _handle is not NULL and self._closed == 1?
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                '{}.__dealloc__: _handle is NULL, _closed == 1'.format(
+                    self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        # The handle is dealloced while open.  Let's try to close it.
+        # Situations when this is possible include unhandled exceptions,
+        # errors during Handle.__cinit__/__init__ etc.
+        if self._inited:
+            self._handle.data = NULL
+            uv.uv_close(self._handle, __uv_close_handle_cb)  # void; no errors
+            self._handle = NULL
+            self._warn_unclosed()
+        else:
+            # The handle was allocated, but not initialized
+            self._closed = 1
+            self._free()
+
+    cdef _free(self):
+        if self._handle == NULL:
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG and self._inited:
+            self._loop._debug_uv_handles_freed += 1
+
+        PyMem_RawFree(self._handle)
+        self._handle = NULL
+
+    cdef _warn_unclosed(self):
+        if self._source_traceback is not None:
+            try:
+                tb = ''.join(tb_format_list(self._source_traceback))
+                tb = 'object created at (most recent call last):\n{}'.format(
+                    tb.rstrip())
+            except Exception as ex:
+                msg = (
+                    'unclosed resource {!r}; could not serialize '
+                    'debug traceback: {}: {}'
+                ).format(self, type(ex).__name__, ex)
+            else:
+                msg = 'unclosed resource {!r}; {}'.format(self, tb)
+        else:
+            msg = 'unclosed resource {!r}'.format(self)
+        warnings_warn(msg, ResourceWarning)
+
+    cdef inline _abort_init(self):
+        if self._handle is not NULL:
+            self._free()
+
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                name = self.__class__.__name__
+                if self._inited:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_abort_init: {}._inited is set'.format(name))
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_abort_init: {}._closed is set'.format(name))
+        finally:
+            self._closed = 1
+
+    cdef inline _finish_init(self):
+        self._inited = 1
+        if self._has_handle == 1:
+            self._handle.data = <void*>self
+        if self._loop._debug:
+            self._source_traceback = extract_stack()
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            cls_name = self.__class__.__name__
+            self._loop._debug_uv_handles_total += 1
+            self._loop._debug_handles_total.update([cls_name])
+            self._loop._debug_handles_current.update([cls_name])
+
+    cdef inline _start_init(self, Loop loop):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self._loop is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._start_init can only be called once'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        self._loop = loop
+
+    cdef inline bint _is_alive(self):
+        cdef bint res
+        res = self._closed != 1 and self._inited == 1
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if res and self._has_handle == 1:
+                name = self.__class__.__name__
+                if self._handle is NULL:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _handle is NULL'.format(name))
+                if self._loop is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _loop is None'.format(name))
+                if self._handle.loop is not self._loop.uvloop:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _handle.loop is not '
+                        'initialized'.format(name))
+                if self._handle.data is not <void*>self:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _handle.data is not '
+                        'initialized'.format(name))
+        return res
+
+    cdef inline _ensure_alive(self):
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'unable to perform operation on {!r}; '
+                'the handler is closed'.format(self))
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        # Fatal error means an error that was returned by the
+        # underlying libuv handle function.  We usually can't
+        # recover from that, hence we just close the handle.
+        self._close()
+
+        if throw or self._loop is None:
+            raise exc
+        else:
+            self._loop._handle_exception(exc)
+
+    cdef _error(self, exc, throw):
+        # A non-fatal error is usually an error that was caught
+        # by the handler, but was originated in the client code
+        # (not in libuv).  In this case we either want to simply
+        # raise or log it.
+        if throw or self._loop is None:
+            raise exc
+        else:
+            self._loop._handle_exception(exc)
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = 1
+
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self._handle.data is NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._close: _handle.data is NULL'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if <object>self._handle.data is not self:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._close: _handle.data is not UVHandle/self'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if uv.uv_is_closing(self._handle):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._close: uv_is_closing() is true'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        # We want the handle wrapper (UVHandle) to stay alive until
+        # the closing callback fires.
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+        uv.uv_close(self._handle, __uv_close_handle_cb)  # void; no errors
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} closed={} {:#x}>'.format(
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self._closed,
+            id(self))
+
+
+cdef class UVSocketHandle(UVHandle):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._fileobj = None
+        self.__cached_socket = None
+
+    cdef _fileno(self):
+        cdef:
+            int fd
+            int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_fileno(self._handle, <uv.uv_os_fd_t*>&fd)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        return fd
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    cdef inline _get_socket(self):
+        if self.__cached_socket is not None:
+            return self.__cached_socket
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            return None
+
+        self.__cached_socket = self._new_socket()
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            # We don't "dup" for the "__cached_socket".
+            assert self.__cached_socket.fileno() == self._fileno()
+        return self.__cached_socket
+
+    cdef inline _attach_fileobj(self, object file):
+        # When we create a TCP/PIPE/etc connection/server based on
+        # a Python file object, we need to close the file object when
+        # the uv handle is closed.
+        socket_inc_io_ref(file)
+        self._fileobj = file
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        if self.__cached_socket is not None:
+            (<PseudoSocket>self.__cached_socket)._fd = -1
+
+        UVHandle._close(self)
+
+        try:
+            # This code will only run for transports created from
+            # Python sockets, i.e. with `loop.create_server(sock=sock)` etc.
+            if self._fileobj is not None:
+                if isinstance(self._fileobj, socket_socket):
+                    # Detaching the socket object is the ideal solution:
+                    # * libuv will actually close the FD;
+                    # * detach() call will reset FD for the Python socket
+                    #   object, which means that it won't be closed 2nd time
+                    #   when the socket object is GCed.
+                    #
+                    # No need to call `socket_dec_io_ref()`, as
+                    # `socket.detach()` ignores `socket._io_refs`.
+                    self._fileobj.detach()
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        # `socket.close()` will raise an EBADF because libuv
+                        # has already closed the underlying FD.
+                        self._fileobj.close()
+                    except OSError as ex:
+                        if ex.errno != errno_EBADF:
+                            raise
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'exception': ex,
+                'transport': self,
+                'message': f'could not close attached file object '
+                           f'{self._fileobj!r}',
+            })
+        finally:
+            self._fileobj = None
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+cdef inline bint __ensure_handle_data(uv.uv_handle_t* handle,
+                                      const char* handle_ctx):
+
+    cdef Loop loop
+
+    if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+        if handle.loop is NULL:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'handle.loop is NULL in __ensure_handle_data')
+
+        if handle.loop.data is NULL:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'handle.loop.data is NULL in __ensure_handle_data')
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        loop = <Loop>handle.loop.data
+        loop.call_exception_handler({
+            'message': '{} called with handle.data == NULL'.format(
+                handle_ctx.decode('latin-1'))
+        })
+        return 0
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        # The underlying UVHandle object was GCed with an open uv_handle_t.
+        loop = <Loop>handle.loop.data
+        loop.call_exception_handler({
+            'message': '{} called after destroying the UVHandle'.format(
+                handle_ctx.decode('latin-1'))
+        })
+        return 0
+
+    return 1
+
+
+cdef void __uv_close_handle_cb(uv.uv_handle_t* handle) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef UVHandle h
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        # The original UVHandle is long dead. Just free the mem of
+        # the uv_handle_t* handler.
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if handle.loop == NULL or handle.loop.data == NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '__uv_close_handle_cb: handle.loop is invalid')
+            (<Loop>handle.loop.data)._debug_uv_handles_freed += 1
+
+        PyMem_RawFree(handle)
+    else:
+        h = <UVHandle>handle.data
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if not h._has_handle:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        'has_handle=0 in __uv_close_handle_cb')
+                h._loop._debug_handles_closed.update([
+                    h.__class__.__name__])
+            h._free()
+        finally:
+            Py_DECREF(h)  # Was INCREFed in UVHandle._close
+
+
+cdef void __close_all_handles(Loop loop) noexcept:
+    uv.uv_walk(loop.uvloop,
+               __uv_walk_close_all_handles_cb,
+               <void*>loop)  # void
+
+
+cdef void __uv_walk_close_all_handles_cb(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* handle,
+    void* arg,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    cdef:
+        Loop loop = <Loop>arg
+        UVHandle h
+
+    if uv.uv_is_closing(handle):
+        # The handle is closed or is closing.
+        return
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        # This shouldn't happen. Ever.
+        loop.call_exception_handler({
+            'message': 'handle.data is NULL in __close_all_handles_cb'
+        })
+        return
+
+    h = <UVHandle>handle.data
+    if not h._closed:
+        h._warn_unclosed()
+        h._close()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf7b19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+cdef class UVIdle(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        Handle h
+        bint running
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h)
+
+    cdef inline stop(self)
+    cdef inline start(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVIdle new(Loop loop, Handle h)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c641f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVIdle(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_idle_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_idle_init(self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_idle_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.h = h
+        self.running = 0
+
+    cdef inline stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_idle_stop(<uv.uv_idle_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef inline start(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            err = uv.uv_idle_start(<uv.uv_idle_t*>self._handle,
+                                   cb_idle_callback)
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVIdle new(Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef UVIdle handle
+        handle = UVIdle.__new__(UVIdle)
+        handle._init(loop, h)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void cb_idle_callback(
+    uv.uv_idle_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVIdle callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVIdle idle = <UVIdle> handle.data
+        Handle h = idle.h
+    try:
+        h._run()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        idle._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56fc265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+cdef class UnixServer(UVStreamServer):
+
+    cdef bind(self, str path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                        object backlog,
+                        object ssl,
+                        object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                        object ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+
+cdef class UnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                           object waiter, object context)
+
+    cdef connect(self, char* addr)
+
+
+cdef class ReadUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef ReadUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                               object waiter)
+
+
+cdef class WriteUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef WriteUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                                object waiter)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b95ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+cdef __pipe_init_uv_handle(UVStream handle, Loop loop):
+    cdef int err
+
+    handle._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_pipe_t))
+    if handle._handle is NULL:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise MemoryError()
+
+    # Initialize pipe handle with ipc=0.
+    # ipc=1 means that libuv will use recvmsg/sendmsg
+    # instead of recv/send.
+    err = uv.uv_pipe_init(handle._loop.uvloop,
+                          <uv.uv_pipe_t*>handle._handle,
+                          0)
+    # UV_HANDLE_READABLE allows calling uv_read_start() on this pipe
+    # even if it is O_WRONLY, see also #317, libuv/libuv#2058
+    handle._handle.flags |= uv.UV_INTERNAL_HANDLE_READABLE
+    if err < 0:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+    handle._finish_init()
+
+
+cdef __pipe_open(UVStream handle, int fd):
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_pipe_open(<uv.uv_pipe_t *>handle._handle,
+                          <uv.uv_os_fd_t>fd)
+    if err < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(err)
+        raise exc
+
+
+cdef __pipe_get_socket(UVSocketHandle handle):
+    fileno = handle._fileno()
+    return PseudoSocket(uv.AF_UNIX, uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, fileno)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UnixServer(UVStreamServer):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                        object backlog,
+                        object ssl,
+                        object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                        object ssl_shutdown_timeout):
+
+        cdef UnixServer handle
+        handle = UnixServer.__new__(UnixServer)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol_factory, server, backlog,
+                     ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout, ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+        self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef bind(self, str path):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_pipe_bind(<uv.uv_pipe_t *>self._handle,
+                              path.encode())
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context):
+        cdef UnixTransport tr
+        tr = UnixTransport.new(self._loop, protocol, self._server, waiter,
+                               context)
+        return <UVStream>tr
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        sock = self._fileobj
+        if sock is not None and sock in self._loop._unix_server_sockets:
+            path = sock.getsockname()
+        else:
+            path = None
+
+        UVStreamServer._close(self)
+
+        if path is not None:
+            prev_ino = self._loop._unix_server_sockets[sock]
+            del self._loop._unix_server_sockets[sock]
+            try:
+                if os_stat(path).st_ino == prev_ino:
+                    os_unlink(path)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+            except OSError as err:
+                aio_logger.error('Unable to clean up listening UNIX socket '
+                                 '%r: %r', path, err)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                           object waiter, object context):
+
+        cdef UnixTransport handle
+        handle = UnixTransport.__new__(UnixTransport)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, context)
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    cdef connect(self, char* addr):
+        cdef _PipeConnectRequest req
+        req = _PipeConnectRequest(self._loop, self)
+        req.connect(addr)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class ReadUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef ReadUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                               object waiter):
+        cdef ReadUnixTransport handle
+        handle = ReadUnixTransport.__new__(ReadUnixTransport)
+        # This is only used in connect_read_pipe() and subprocess_shell/exec()
+        # directly, we could simply copy the current context.
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, Context_CopyCurrent())
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    def get_write_buffer_limits(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def writelines(self, list_of_data):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def write_eof(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def can_write_eof(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def abort(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class WriteUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef WriteUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                                object waiter):
+        cdef WriteUnixTransport handle
+        handle = WriteUnixTransport.__new__(WriteUnixTransport)
+
+        # We listen for read events on write-end of the pipe. When
+        # the read-end is close, the uv_stream_t.read callback will
+        # receive an error -- we want to silence that error, and just
+        # close the transport.
+        handle._close_on_read_error()
+
+        # This is only used in connect_write_pipe() and subprocess_shell/exec()
+        # directly, we could simply copy the current context.
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, Context_CopyCurrent())
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    def pause_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def resume_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+cdef class _PipeConnectRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        UnixTransport transport
+        uv.uv_connect_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, loop, transport):
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*> &self._req_data
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+        self.transport = transport
+
+    cdef connect(self, char* addr):
+        # uv_pipe_connect returns void
+        uv.uv_pipe_connect(<uv.uv_connect_t*>self.request,
+                           <uv.uv_pipe_t*>self.transport._handle,
+                           addr,
+                           __pipe_connect_callback)
+
+cdef void __pipe_connect_callback(
+    uv.uv_connect_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        _PipeConnectRequest wrapper
+        UnixTransport transport
+
+    wrapper = <_PipeConnectRequest> req.data
+    transport = wrapper.transport
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+    else:
+        exc = None
+
+    try:
+        transport._on_connect(exc)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        wrapper.transport._fatal_error(ex, False)
+    finally:
+        wrapper.on_done()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c220540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+cdef class UVPoll(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        int fd
+        Handle reading_handle
+        Handle writing_handle
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, int fd)
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+    cdef inline _poll_start(self, int flags)
+    cdef inline _poll_stop(self)
+
+    cdef int is_active(self) noexcept
+
+    cdef is_reading(self)
+    cdef is_writing(self)
+
+    cdef start_reading(self, Handle callback)
+    cdef start_writing(self, Handle callback)
+    cdef stop_reading(self)
+    cdef stop_writing(self)
+    cdef stop(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVPoll new(Loop loop, int fd)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c905e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVPoll(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, int fd):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_poll_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_poll_init(self._loop.uvloop,
+                              <uv.uv_poll_t *>self._handle, fd)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.reading_handle = None
+        self.writing_handle = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVPoll new(Loop loop, int fd):
+        cdef UVPoll handle
+        handle = UVPoll.__new__(UVPoll)
+        handle._init(loop, fd)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef int is_active(self) noexcept:
+        return (self.reading_handle is not None or
+                self.writing_handle is not None)
+
+    cdef inline _poll_start(self, int flags):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_poll_start(
+            <uv.uv_poll_t*>self._handle,
+            flags,
+            __on_uvpoll_event)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    cdef inline _poll_stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            return
+
+        err = uv.uv_poll_stop(<uv.uv_poll_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        cdef:
+            int backend_id
+            system.epoll_event dummy_event
+
+        if system.PLATFORM_IS_LINUX:
+            # libuv doesn't remove the FD from epoll immediately
+            # after uv_poll_stop or uv_poll_close, causing hard
+            # to debug issue with dup-ed file descriptors causing
+            # CPU burn in epoll/epoll_ctl:
+            #    https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/61
+            #
+            # It's safe though to manually call epoll_ctl here,
+            # after calling uv_poll_stop.
+
+            backend_id = uv.uv_backend_fd(self._loop.uvloop)
+            if backend_id != -1:
+                memset(&dummy_event, 0, sizeof(dummy_event))
+                system.epoll_ctl(
+                    backend_id,
+                    system.EPOLL_CTL_DEL,
+                    self.fd,
+                    &dummy_event)  # ignore errors
+
+    cdef is_reading(self):
+        return self._is_alive() and self.reading_handle is not None
+
+    cdef is_writing(self):
+        return self._is_alive() and self.writing_handle is not None
+
+    cdef start_reading(self, Handle callback):
+        cdef:
+            int mask = 0
+
+        if self.reading_handle is None:
+            # not reading right now, setup the handle
+
+            mask = uv.UV_READABLE
+            if self.writing_handle is not None:
+                # are we writing right now?
+                mask |= uv.UV_WRITABLE
+
+            self._poll_start(mask)
+        else:
+            self.reading_handle._cancel()
+
+        self.reading_handle = callback
+
+    cdef start_writing(self, Handle callback):
+        cdef:
+            int mask = 0
+
+        if self.writing_handle is None:
+            # not writing right now, setup the handle
+
+            mask = uv.UV_WRITABLE
+            if self.reading_handle is not None:
+                # are we reading right now?
+                mask |= uv.UV_READABLE
+
+            self._poll_start(mask)
+        else:
+            self.writing_handle._cancel()
+
+        self.writing_handle = callback
+
+    cdef stop_reading(self):
+        if self.reading_handle is None:
+            return False
+
+        self.reading_handle._cancel()
+        self.reading_handle = None
+
+        if self.writing_handle is None:
+            self.stop()
+        else:
+            self._poll_start(uv.UV_WRITABLE)
+
+        return True
+
+    cdef stop_writing(self):
+        if self.writing_handle is None:
+            return False
+
+        self.writing_handle._cancel()
+        self.writing_handle = None
+
+        if self.reading_handle is None:
+            self.stop()
+        else:
+            self._poll_start(uv.UV_READABLE)
+
+        return True
+
+    cdef stop(self):
+        if self.reading_handle is not None:
+            self.reading_handle._cancel()
+            self.reading_handle = None
+
+        if self.writing_handle is not None:
+            self.writing_handle._cancel()
+            self.writing_handle = None
+
+        self._poll_stop()
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        if self.is_active():
+            self.stop()
+
+        UVHandle._close(<UVHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        try:
+            if self.reading_handle is not None:
+                try:
+                    self.reading_handle._run()
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    self._loop._handle_exception(ex)
+                self.reading_handle = None
+
+            if self.writing_handle is not None:
+                try:
+                    self.writing_handle._run()
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    self._loop._handle_exception(ex)
+                self.writing_handle = None
+
+        finally:
+            self._close()
+
+
+cdef void __on_uvpoll_event(
+    uv.uv_poll_t* handle,
+    int status,
+    int events,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVPoll callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVPoll poll = <UVPoll> handle.data
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        poll._fatal_error(exc, False)
+        return
+
+    if ((events & (uv.UV_READABLE | uv.UV_DISCONNECT)) and
+            poll.reading_handle is not None):
+
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_read_events_total += 1
+            poll.reading_handle._run()
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_read_cb_errors_total += 1
+            poll._error(ex, False)
+            # continue code execution
+
+    if ((events & (uv.UV_WRITABLE | uv.UV_DISCONNECT)) and
+            poll.writing_handle is not None):
+
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_write_events_total += 1
+            poll.writing_handle._run()
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_write_cb_errors_total += 1
+            poll._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..970abcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+cdef class UVProcess(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        object _returncode
+        object _pid
+
+        object _errpipe_read
+        object _errpipe_write
+        object _preexec_fn
+        bint _restore_signals
+
+        list _fds_to_close
+
+        # Attributes used to compose uv_process_options_t:
+        uv.uv_process_options_t options
+        uv.uv_stdio_container_t[3] iocnt
+        list __env
+        char **uv_opt_env
+        list __args
+        char **uv_opt_args
+        char *uv_opt_file
+        bytes __cwd
+
+    cdef _close_process_handle(self)
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, list args, dict env, cwd,
+               start_new_session,
+               _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, pass_fds,
+               debug_flags, preexec_fn, restore_signals)
+
+    cdef _after_fork(self)
+
+    cdef char** __to_cstring_array(self, list arr)
+    cdef _init_args(self, list args)
+    cdef _init_env(self, dict env)
+    cdef _init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr)
+    cdef _init_options(self, list args, dict env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                       _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, bint force_fork)
+
+    cdef _close_after_spawn(self, int fd)
+
+    cdef _on_exit(self, int64_t exit_status, int term_signal)
+    cdef _kill(self, int signum)
+
+
+cdef class UVProcessTransport(UVProcess):
+    cdef:
+        list _exit_waiters
+        list _init_futs
+        bint _stdio_ready
+        list _pending_calls
+        object _protocol
+        bint _finished
+
+        WriteUnixTransport _stdin
+        ReadUnixTransport _stdout
+        ReadUnixTransport _stderr
+
+        object stdin_proto
+        object stdout_proto
+        object stderr_proto
+
+    cdef _file_redirect_stdio(self, int fd)
+    cdef _file_devnull(self)
+    cdef _file_inpipe(self)
+    cdef _file_outpipe(self)
+
+    cdef _check_proc(self)
+    cdef _pipe_connection_lost(self, int fd, exc)
+    cdef _pipe_data_received(self, int fd, data)
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self, waiter)
+    cdef _try_finish(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVProcessTransport new(Loop loop, protocol, args, env, cwd,
+                                start_new_session,
+                                _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, pass_fds,
+                                waiter,
+                                debug_flags,
+                                preexec_fn, restore_signals)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b982a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVProcess(UVHandle):
+    """Abstract class; wrapper over uv_process_t handle."""
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.uv_opt_env = NULL
+        self.uv_opt_args = NULL
+        self._returncode = None
+        self._pid = None
+        self._fds_to_close = list()
+        self._preexec_fn = None
+        self._restore_signals = True
+        self.context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+    cdef _close_process_handle(self):
+        # XXX: This is a workaround for a libuv bug:
+        # - https://github.com/libuv/libuv/issues/1933
+        # - https://github.com/libuv/libuv/pull/551
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return
+        self._handle.data = NULL
+        uv.uv_close(self._handle, __uv_close_process_handle_cb)
+        self._handle = NULL  # close callback will free() the memory
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, list args, dict env,
+               cwd, start_new_session,
+               _stdin, _stdout, _stderr,  # std* can be defined as macros in C
+               pass_fds, debug_flags, preexec_fn, restore_signals):
+
+        global __forking
+        global __forking_loop
+        global __forkHandler
+
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+            sizeof(uv.uv_process_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        # Too early to call _finish_init, but still a lot of work to do.
+        # Let's set handle.data to NULL, so in case something goes wrong,
+        # callbacks have a chance to avoid casting *something* into UVHandle.
+        self._handle.data = NULL
+
+        force_fork = False
+        if system.PLATFORM_IS_APPLE and not (
+            preexec_fn is None
+            and not pass_fds
+        ):
+            # see _execute_child() in CPython/subprocess.py
+            force_fork = True
+
+        try:
+            self._init_options(args, env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                               _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, force_fork)
+
+            restore_inheritable = set()
+            if pass_fds:
+                for fd in pass_fds:
+                    if not os_get_inheritable(fd):
+                        restore_inheritable.add(fd)
+                        os_set_inheritable(fd, True)
+        except Exception:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise
+
+        if __forking or loop.active_process_handler is not None:
+            # Our pthread_atfork handlers won't work correctly when
+            # another loop is forking in another thread (even though
+            # GIL should help us to avoid that.)
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'Racing with another loop to spawn a process.')
+
+        self._errpipe_read, self._errpipe_write = os_pipe()
+        fds_to_close = self._fds_to_close
+        self._fds_to_close = None
+        fds_to_close.append(self._errpipe_read)
+        # add the write pipe last so we can close it early
+        fds_to_close.append(self._errpipe_write)
+        try:
+            os_set_inheritable(self._errpipe_write, True)
+
+            self._preexec_fn = preexec_fn
+            self._restore_signals = restore_signals
+
+            loop.active_process_handler = self
+            __forking = 1
+            __forking_loop = loop
+            system.setForkHandler(<system.OnForkHandler>&__get_fork_handler)
+
+            PyOS_BeforeFork()
+
+            err = uv.uv_spawn(loop.uvloop,
+                              <uv.uv_process_t*>self._handle,
+                              &self.options)
+
+            __forking = 0
+            __forking_loop = None
+            system.resetForkHandler()
+            loop.active_process_handler = None
+
+            PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
+
+            if err < 0:
+                self._close_process_handle()
+                self._abort_init()
+                raise convert_error(err)
+
+            self._finish_init()
+
+            # close the write pipe early
+            os_close(fds_to_close.pop())
+
+            if preexec_fn is not None:
+                errpipe_data = bytearray()
+                while True:
+                    # XXX: This is a blocking code that has to be
+                    # rewritten (using loop.connect_read_pipe() or
+                    # otherwise.)
+                    part = os_read(self._errpipe_read, 50000)
+                    errpipe_data += part
+                    if not part or len(errpipe_data) > 50000:
+                        break
+
+        finally:
+            while fds_to_close:
+                os_close(fds_to_close.pop())
+
+            for fd in restore_inheritable:
+                os_set_inheritable(fd, False)
+
+        # asyncio caches the PID in BaseSubprocessTransport,
+        # so that the transport knows what the PID was even
+        # after the process is finished.
+        self._pid = (<uv.uv_process_t*>self._handle).pid
+
+        # Track the process handle (create a strong ref to it)
+        # to guarantee that __dealloc__ doesn't happen in an
+        # uncontrolled fashion.  We want to wait until the process
+        # exits and libuv calls __uvprocess_on_exit_callback,
+        # which will call `UVProcess._close()`, which will, in turn,
+        # untrack this handle.
+        self._loop._track_process(self)
+
+        if debug_flags & __PROCESS_DEBUG_SLEEP_AFTER_FORK:
+            time_sleep(1)
+
+        if preexec_fn is not None and errpipe_data:
+            # preexec_fn has raised an exception.  The child
+            # process must be dead now.
+            try:
+                exc_name, exc_msg = errpipe_data.split(b':', 1)
+                exc_name = exc_name.decode()
+                exc_msg = exc_msg.decode()
+            except Exception:
+                self._close()
+                raise subprocess_SubprocessError(
+                    'Bad exception data from child: {!r}'.format(
+                        errpipe_data))
+            exc_cls = getattr(__builtins__, exc_name,
+                              subprocess_SubprocessError)
+
+            exc = subprocess_SubprocessError(
+                'Exception occurred in preexec_fn.')
+            exc.__cause__ = exc_cls(exc_msg)
+            self._close()
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef _after_fork(self):
+        # See CPython/_posixsubprocess.c for details
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._restore_signals:
+            _Py_RestoreSignals()
+
+        PyOS_AfterFork_Child()
+
+        err = uv.uv_loop_fork(self._loop.uvloop)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        if self._preexec_fn is not None:
+            try:
+                gc_disable()
+                self._preexec_fn()
+            except BaseException as ex:
+                try:
+                    with open(self._errpipe_write, 'wb') as f:
+                        f.write(str(ex.__class__.__name__).encode())
+                        f.write(b':')
+                        f.write(str(ex.args[0]).encode())
+                finally:
+                    system._exit(255)
+                    return
+            else:
+                os_close(self._errpipe_write)
+        else:
+            os_close(self._errpipe_write)
+
+    cdef _close_after_spawn(self, int fd):
+        if self._fds_to_close is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'UVProcess._close_after_spawn called after uv_spawn')
+        self._fds_to_close.append(fd)
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if self.uv_opt_env is not NULL:
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.uv_opt_env)
+            self.uv_opt_env = NULL
+
+        if self.uv_opt_args is not NULL:
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.uv_opt_args)
+            self.uv_opt_args = NULL
+
+    cdef char** __to_cstring_array(self, list arr):
+        cdef:
+            int i
+            ssize_t arr_len = len(arr)
+            bytes el
+
+            char **ret
+
+        ret = <char **>PyMem_RawMalloc((arr_len + 1) * sizeof(char *))
+        if ret is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        for i in range(arr_len):
+            el = arr[i]
+            # NB: PyBytes_AsString doesn't copy the data;
+            # we have to be careful when the "arr" is GCed,
+            # and it shouldn't be ever mutated.
+            ret[i] = PyBytes_AsString(el)
+
+        ret[arr_len] = NULL
+        return ret
+
+    cdef _init_options(self, list args, dict env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                       _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, bint force_fork):
+
+        memset(&self.options, 0, sizeof(uv.uv_process_options_t))
+
+        self._init_env(env)
+        self.options.env = self.uv_opt_env
+
+        self._init_args(args)
+        self.options.file = self.uv_opt_file
+        self.options.args = self.uv_opt_args
+
+        if start_new_session:
+            self.options.flags |= uv.UV_PROCESS_DETACHED
+
+        if force_fork:
+            # This is a hack to work around the change in libuv 1.44:
+            #    > macos: use posix_spawn instead of fork
+            # where Python subprocess options like preexec_fn are
+            # crippled. CPython only uses posix_spawn under a pretty
+            # strict list of conditions (see subprocess.py), and falls
+            # back to using fork() otherwise. We'd like to simulate such
+            # behavior with libuv, but unfortunately libuv doesn't
+            # provide explicit API to choose such implementation detail.
+            # Based on current (libuv 1.46) behavior, setting
+            # UV_PROCESS_SETUID or UV_PROCESS_SETGID would reliably make
+            # libuv fallback to use fork, so let's just use it for now.
+            self.options.flags |= uv.UV_PROCESS_SETUID
+            self.options.uid = uv.getuid()
+
+        if cwd is not None:
+            cwd = os_fspath(cwd)
+
+            if isinstance(cwd, str):
+                cwd = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(cwd)
+            if not isinstance(cwd, bytes):
+                raise ValueError('cwd must be a str or bytes object')
+
+            self.__cwd = cwd
+            self.options.cwd = PyBytes_AsString(self.__cwd)
+
+        self.options.exit_cb = &__uvprocess_on_exit_callback
+
+        self._init_files(_stdin, _stdout, _stderr)
+
+    cdef _init_args(self, list args):
+        cdef:
+            bytes path
+            int an = len(args)
+
+        if an < 1:
+            raise ValueError('cannot spawn a process: args are empty')
+
+        self.__args = args.copy()
+        for i in range(an):
+            arg = os_fspath(args[i])
+            if isinstance(arg, str):
+                self.__args[i] = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(arg)
+            elif not isinstance(arg, bytes):
+                raise TypeError('all args must be str or bytes')
+
+        path = self.__args[0]
+        self.uv_opt_file = PyBytes_AsString(path)
+        self.uv_opt_args = self.__to_cstring_array(self.__args)
+
+    cdef _init_env(self, dict env):
+        if env is not None:
+            self.__env = list()
+            for key in env:
+                val = env[key]
+
+                if isinstance(key, str):
+                    key = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(key)
+                elif not isinstance(key, bytes):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'all environment vars must be bytes or str')
+
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    val = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(val)
+                elif not isinstance(val, bytes):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'all environment values must be bytes or str')
+
+                self.__env.append(key + b'=' + val)
+
+            self.uv_opt_env = self.__to_cstring_array(self.__env)
+        else:
+            self.__env = None
+
+    cdef _init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr):
+        self.options.stdio_count = 0
+
+    cdef _kill(self, int signum):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_process_kill(<uv.uv_process_t*>self._handle, signum)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    cdef _on_exit(self, int64_t exit_status, int term_signal):
+        if term_signal:
+            # From Python docs:
+            #    A negative value -N indicates that the child was
+            #    terminated by signal N (POSIX only).
+            self._returncode = -term_signal
+        else:
+            self._returncode = exit_status
+
+        self._close()
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        try:
+            if self._loop is not None:
+                self._loop._untrack_process(self)
+        finally:
+            UVHandle._close(self)
+
+
+DEF _CALL_PIPE_DATA_RECEIVED = 0
+DEF _CALL_PIPE_CONNECTION_LOST = 1
+DEF _CALL_PROCESS_EXITED = 2
+DEF _CALL_CONNECTION_LOST = 3
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVProcessTransport(UVProcess):
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._exit_waiters = []
+        self._protocol = None
+
+        self._init_futs = []
+        self._pending_calls = []
+        self._stdio_ready = 0
+
+        self._stdin = self._stdout = self._stderr = None
+        self.stdin_proto = self.stdout_proto = self.stderr_proto = None
+
+        self._finished = 0
+
+    cdef _on_exit(self, int64_t exit_status, int term_signal):
+        UVProcess._on_exit(self, exit_status, term_signal)
+
+        if self._stdio_ready:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.process_exited,
+                                 context=self.context)
+        else:
+            self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_PROCESS_EXITED, None, None))
+
+        self._try_finish()
+
+        for waiter in self._exit_waiters:
+            if not waiter.cancelled():
+                waiter.set_result(self._returncode)
+        self._exit_waiters.clear()
+
+        self._close()
+
+    cdef _check_proc(self):
+        if not self._is_alive() or self._returncode is not None:
+            raise ProcessLookupError()
+
+    cdef _pipe_connection_lost(self, int fd, exc):
+        if self._stdio_ready:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.pipe_connection_lost, fd, exc,
+                                 context=self.context)
+            self._try_finish()
+        else:
+            self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_PIPE_CONNECTION_LOST, fd, exc))
+
+    cdef _pipe_data_received(self, int fd, data):
+        if self._stdio_ready:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.pipe_data_received, fd, data,
+                                 context=self.context)
+        else:
+            self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_PIPE_DATA_RECEIVED, fd, data))
+
+    cdef _file_redirect_stdio(self, int fd):
+        fd = os_dup(fd)
+        os_set_inheritable(fd, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(fd)
+        return fd
+
+    cdef _file_devnull(self):
+        dn = os_open(os_devnull, os_O_RDWR)
+        os_set_inheritable(dn, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(dn)
+        return dn
+
+    cdef _file_outpipe(self):
+        r, w = __socketpair()
+        os_set_inheritable(w, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(w)
+        return r, w
+
+    cdef _file_inpipe(self):
+        r, w = __socketpair()
+        os_set_inheritable(r, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(r)
+        return r, w
+
+    cdef _init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr):
+        cdef uv.uv_stdio_container_t *iocnt
+
+        UVProcess._init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr)
+
+        io = [None, None, None]
+
+        self.options.stdio_count = 3
+        self.options.stdio = self.iocnt
+
+        if _stdin is not None:
+            if _stdin == subprocess_PIPE:
+                r, w = self._file_inpipe()
+                io[0] = r
+
+                self.stdin_proto = WriteSubprocessPipeProto(self, 0)
+                waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+                self._stdin = WriteUnixTransport.new(
+                    self._loop, self.stdin_proto, None, waiter)
+                self._init_futs.append(waiter)
+                self._stdin._open(w)
+                self._stdin._init_protocol()
+            elif _stdin == subprocess_DEVNULL:
+                io[0] = self._file_devnull()
+            elif _stdout == subprocess_STDOUT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'subprocess.STDOUT is supported only by stderr parameter')
+            else:
+                io[0] = self._file_redirect_stdio(_stdin)
+        else:
+            io[0] = self._file_redirect_stdio(0)
+
+        if _stdout is not None:
+            if _stdout == subprocess_PIPE:
+                # We can't use UV_CREATE_PIPE here, since 'stderr' might be
+                # set to 'subprocess.STDOUT', and there is no way to
+                # emulate that functionality with libuv high-level
+                # streams API. Therefore, we create pipes for stdout and
+                # stderr manually.
+
+                r, w = self._file_outpipe()
+                io[1] = w
+
+                self.stdout_proto = ReadSubprocessPipeProto(self, 1)
+                waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+                self._stdout = ReadUnixTransport.new(
+                    self._loop, self.stdout_proto, None, waiter)
+                self._init_futs.append(waiter)
+                self._stdout._open(r)
+                self._stdout._init_protocol()
+            elif _stdout == subprocess_DEVNULL:
+                io[1] = self._file_devnull()
+            elif _stdout == subprocess_STDOUT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'subprocess.STDOUT is supported only by stderr parameter')
+            else:
+                io[1] = self._file_redirect_stdio(_stdout)
+        else:
+            io[1] = self._file_redirect_stdio(1)
+
+        if _stderr is not None:
+            if _stderr == subprocess_PIPE:
+                r, w = self._file_outpipe()
+                io[2] = w
+
+                self.stderr_proto = ReadSubprocessPipeProto(self, 2)
+                waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+                self._stderr = ReadUnixTransport.new(
+                    self._loop, self.stderr_proto, None, waiter)
+                self._init_futs.append(waiter)
+                self._stderr._open(r)
+                self._stderr._init_protocol()
+            elif _stderr == subprocess_STDOUT:
+                if io[1] is None:
+                    # shouldn't ever happen
+                    raise RuntimeError('cannot apply subprocess.STDOUT')
+
+                io[2] = self._file_redirect_stdio(io[1])
+            elif _stderr == subprocess_DEVNULL:
+                io[2] = self._file_devnull()
+            else:
+                io[2] = self._file_redirect_stdio(_stderr)
+        else:
+            io[2] = self._file_redirect_stdio(2)
+
+        assert len(io) == 3
+        for idx in range(3):
+            iocnt = &self.iocnt[idx]
+            if io[idx] is not None:
+                iocnt.flags = uv.UV_INHERIT_FD
+                iocnt.data.fd = io[idx]
+            else:
+                iocnt.flags = uv.UV_IGNORE
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self, waiter):
+        try:
+            # we're always called in the right context, so just call the user's
+            self._protocol.connection_made(self)
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if waiter is not None and not waiter.cancelled():
+                waiter.set_exception(ex)
+            else:
+                raise
+        else:
+            if waiter is not None and not waiter.cancelled():
+                waiter.set_result(True)
+
+        self._stdio_ready = 1
+        if self._pending_calls:
+            pending_calls = self._pending_calls.copy()
+            self._pending_calls.clear()
+            for (type, fd, arg) in pending_calls:
+                if type == _CALL_PIPE_CONNECTION_LOST:
+                    self._pipe_connection_lost(fd, arg)
+                elif type == _CALL_PIPE_DATA_RECEIVED:
+                    self._pipe_data_received(fd, arg)
+                elif type == _CALL_PROCESS_EXITED:
+                    self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.process_exited)
+                elif type == _CALL_CONNECTION_LOST:
+                    self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.connection_lost, None)
+
+    cdef _try_finish(self):
+        if self._returncode is None or self._finished:
+            return
+
+        if ((self.stdin_proto is None or self.stdin_proto.disconnected) and
+                (self.stdout_proto is None or
+                    self.stdout_proto.disconnected) and
+                (self.stderr_proto is None or
+                    self.stderr_proto.disconnected)):
+
+            self._finished = 1
+
+            if self._stdio_ready:
+                # copy self.context for simplicity
+                self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.connection_lost, None,
+                                     context=self.context)
+            else:
+                self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_CONNECTION_LOST, None, None))
+
+    def __stdio_inited(self, waiter, stdio_fut):
+        exc = stdio_fut.exception()
+        if exc is not None:
+            if waiter is None:
+                raise exc
+            else:
+                waiter.set_exception(exc)
+        else:
+            self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+                new_MethodHandle1(self._loop,
+                                  "UVProcessTransport._call_connection_made",
+                                  <method1_t>self._call_connection_made,
+                                  None,  # means to copy the current context
+                                  self, waiter))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVProcessTransport new(Loop loop, protocol, args, env,
+                                cwd, start_new_session,
+                                _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, pass_fds,
+                                waiter,
+                                debug_flags,
+                                preexec_fn,
+                                restore_signals):
+
+        cdef UVProcessTransport handle
+        handle = UVProcessTransport.__new__(UVProcessTransport)
+        handle._protocol = protocol
+        handle._init(loop, args, env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                     __process_convert_fileno(_stdin),
+                     __process_convert_fileno(_stdout),
+                     __process_convert_fileno(_stderr),
+                     pass_fds,
+                     debug_flags,
+                     preexec_fn,
+                     restore_signals)
+
+        if handle._init_futs:
+            handle._stdio_ready = 0
+            init_fut = aio_gather(*handle._init_futs)
+            # add_done_callback will copy the current context and run the
+            # callback within the context
+            init_fut.add_done_callback(
+                ft_partial(handle.__stdio_inited, waiter))
+        else:
+            handle._stdio_ready = 1
+            loop._call_soon_handle(
+                new_MethodHandle1(loop,
+                                  "UVProcessTransport._call_connection_made",
+                                  <method1_t>handle._call_connection_made,
+                                  None,  # means to copy the current context
+                                  handle, waiter))
+
+        return handle
+
+    def get_protocol(self):
+        return self._protocol
+
+    def set_protocol(self, protocol):
+        self._protocol = protocol
+
+    def get_pid(self):
+        return self._pid
+
+    def get_returncode(self):
+        return self._returncode
+
+    def get_pipe_transport(self, fd):
+        if fd == 0:
+            return self._stdin
+        elif fd == 1:
+            return self._stdout
+        elif fd == 2:
+            return self._stderr
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        self._check_proc()
+        self._kill(uv.SIGTERM)
+
+    def kill(self):
+        self._check_proc()
+        self._kill(uv.SIGKILL)
+
+    def send_signal(self, int signal):
+        self._check_proc()
+        self._kill(signal)
+
+    def is_closing(self):
+        return self._closed
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._returncode is None:
+            self._kill(uv.SIGKILL)
+
+        if self._stdin is not None:
+            self._stdin.close()
+        if self._stdout is not None:
+            self._stdout.close()
+        if self._stderr is not None:
+            self._stderr.close()
+
+        if self._returncode is not None:
+            # The process is dead, just close the UV handle.
+            #
+            # (If "self._returncode is None", the process should have been
+            # killed already and we're just waiting for a SIGCHLD; after
+            # which the transport will be GC'ed and the uvhandle will be
+            # closed in UVHandle.__dealloc__.)
+            self._close()
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        return default
+
+    def _wait(self):
+        fut = self._loop._new_future()
+        if self._returncode is not None:
+            fut.set_result(self._returncode)
+            return fut
+
+        self._exit_waiters.append(fut)
+        return fut
+
+
+class WriteSubprocessPipeProto(aio_BaseProtocol):
+
+    def __init__(self, proc, fd):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if type(proc) is not UVProcessTransport:
+                raise TypeError
+            if not isinstance(fd, int):
+                raise TypeError
+        self.proc = proc
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.pipe = None
+        self.disconnected = False
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.pipe = transport
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return ('<%s fd=%s pipe=%r>'
+                % (self.__class__.__name__, self.fd, self.pipe))
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        self.disconnected = True
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._pipe_connection_lost(self.fd, exc)
+        self.proc = None
+
+    def pause_writing(self):
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._protocol.pause_writing()
+
+    def resume_writing(self):
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._protocol.resume_writing()
+
+
+class ReadSubprocessPipeProto(WriteSubprocessPipeProto,
+                              aio_Protocol):
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._pipe_data_received(self.fd, data)
+
+
+cdef __process_convert_fileno(object obj):
+    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, int):
+        return obj
+
+    fileno = obj.fileno()
+    if not isinstance(fileno, int):
+        raise TypeError(
+            '{!r}.fileno() returned non-integer'.format(obj))
+    return fileno
+
+
+cdef void __uvprocess_on_exit_callback(
+    uv.uv_process_t *handle,
+    int64_t exit_status,
+    int term_signal,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle,
+                            "UVProcess exit callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef UVProcess proc = <UVProcess> handle.data
+    try:
+        proc._on_exit(exit_status, term_signal)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        proc._error(ex, False)
+
+
+cdef __socketpair():
+    cdef:
+        int fds[2]
+        int err
+
+    err = system.socketpair(uv.AF_UNIX, uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds)
+    if err:
+        exc = convert_error(-err)
+        raise exc
+
+    os_set_inheritable(fds[0], False)
+    os_set_inheritable(fds[1], False)
+
+    return fds[0], fds[1]
+
+
+cdef void __uv_close_process_handle_cb(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* handle
+) noexcept with gil:
+    PyMem_RawFree(handle)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ca8743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+cdef class UVStream(UVBaseTransport):
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_shutdown_t _shutdown_req
+        bint __shutting_down
+        bint __reading
+        bint __read_error_close
+
+        bint __buffered
+        object _protocol_get_buffer
+        object _protocol_buffer_updated
+
+        bint _eof
+        list _buffer
+        size_t _buffer_size
+
+        Py_buffer _read_pybuf
+        bint _read_pybuf_acquired
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                      object waiter, object context)
+
+
+    cdef inline _shutdown(self)
+    cdef inline _accept(self, UVStream server)
+
+    cdef inline _close_on_read_error(self)
+
+    cdef inline __reading_started(self)
+    cdef inline __reading_stopped(self)
+
+    # The user API write() and writelines() firstly call _buffer_write() to
+    # buffer up user data chunks, potentially multiple times in writelines(),
+    # and then call _initiate_write() to start writing either immediately or in
+    # the next iteration (loop._queue_write()).
+    cdef inline _buffer_write(self, object data)
+    cdef inline _initiate_write(self)
+
+    # _exec_write() is the method that does the actual send, and _try_write()
+    # is a fast-path used in _exec_write() to send a single chunk.
+    cdef inline _exec_write(self)
+    cdef inline _try_write(self, object data)
+
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+    cdef inline _on_accept(self)
+    cdef inline _on_eof(self)
+    cdef inline _on_write(self)
+    cdef inline _on_connect(self, object exc)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c585360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+cdef enum:
+    __PREALLOCED_BUFS = 4
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class _StreamWriteContext:
+    # used to hold additional write request information for uv_write
+
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_write_t   req
+
+        list            buffers
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t     uv_bufs_sml[__PREALLOCED_BUFS]
+        Py_buffer       py_bufs_sml[__PREALLOCED_BUFS]
+        bint            py_bufs_sml_inuse
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t*    uv_bufs
+        Py_buffer*      py_bufs
+        size_t          py_bufs_len
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t*    uv_bufs_start
+        size_t          uv_bufs_len
+
+        UVStream        stream
+
+        bint            closed
+
+    cdef free_bufs(self):
+        cdef size_t i
+
+        if self.uv_bufs is not NULL:
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.uv_bufs)
+            self.uv_bufs = NULL
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if self.py_bufs_sml_inuse:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_StreamWriteContext.close: uv_bufs != NULL and '
+                        'py_bufs_sml_inuse is True')
+
+        if self.py_bufs is not NULL:
+            for i from 0 <= i < self.py_bufs_len:
+                PyBuffer_Release(&self.py_bufs[i])
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.py_bufs)
+            self.py_bufs = NULL
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if self.py_bufs_sml_inuse:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_StreamWriteContext.close: py_bufs != NULL and '
+                        'py_bufs_sml_inuse is True')
+
+        if self.py_bufs_sml_inuse:
+            for i from 0 <= i < self.py_bufs_len:
+                PyBuffer_Release(&self.py_bufs_sml[i])
+            self.py_bufs_sml_inuse = 0
+
+        self.py_bufs_len = 0
+        self.buffers = None
+
+    cdef close(self):
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self.closed = 1
+        self.free_bufs()
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef advance_uv_buf(self, size_t sent):
+        # Advance the pointer to first uv_buf and the
+        # pointer to first byte in that buffer.
+        #
+        # We do this after a "uv_try_write" call, which
+        # sometimes sends only a portion of data.
+        # We then call "advance_uv_buf" on the write
+        # context, and reuse it in a "uv_write" call.
+
+        cdef:
+            uv.uv_buf_t* buf
+            size_t idx
+
+        for idx from 0 <= idx < self.uv_bufs_len:
+            buf = &self.uv_bufs_start[idx]
+            if buf.len > sent:
+                buf.len -= sent
+                buf.base = buf.base + sent
+                self.uv_bufs_start = buf
+                self.uv_bufs_len -= idx
+                return
+            else:
+                sent -= self.uv_bufs_start[idx].len
+
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if sent < 0:
+                    raise RuntimeError('fatal: sent < 0 in advance_uv_buf')
+
+        raise RuntimeError('fatal: Could not advance _StreamWriteContext')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef _StreamWriteContext new(UVStream stream, list buffers):
+        cdef:
+            _StreamWriteContext ctx
+            int uv_bufs_idx = 0
+            size_t py_bufs_len = 0
+            int i
+
+            Py_buffer* p_pybufs
+            uv.uv_buf_t* p_uvbufs
+
+        ctx = _StreamWriteContext.__new__(_StreamWriteContext)
+        ctx.stream = None
+        ctx.closed = 1
+        ctx.py_bufs_len = 0
+        ctx.py_bufs_sml_inuse = 0
+        ctx.uv_bufs = NULL
+        ctx.py_bufs = NULL
+        ctx.buffers = buffers
+        ctx.stream = stream
+
+        if len(buffers) <= __PREALLOCED_BUFS:
+            # We've got a small number of buffers to write, don't
+            # need to use malloc.
+            ctx.py_bufs_sml_inuse = 1
+            p_pybufs = <Py_buffer*>&ctx.py_bufs_sml
+            p_uvbufs = <uv.uv_buf_t*>&ctx.uv_bufs_sml
+
+        else:
+            for buf in buffers:
+                if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                    if not isinstance(buf, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            'invalid data in writebuf: an instance of '
+                            'bytes, bytearray or memoryview was expected, '
+                            'got {}'.format(type(buf)))
+
+                if not PyBytes_CheckExact(buf):
+                    py_bufs_len += 1
+
+            if py_bufs_len > 0:
+                ctx.py_bufs = <Py_buffer*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+                    py_bufs_len * sizeof(Py_buffer))
+                if ctx.py_bufs is NULL:
+                    raise MemoryError()
+
+            ctx.uv_bufs = <uv.uv_buf_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+                len(buffers) * sizeof(uv.uv_buf_t))
+            if ctx.uv_bufs is NULL:
+                raise MemoryError()
+
+            p_pybufs = ctx.py_bufs
+            p_uvbufs = ctx.uv_bufs
+
+        py_bufs_len = 0
+        for buf in buffers:
+            if PyBytes_CheckExact(buf):
+                # We can only use this hack for bytes since it's
+                # immutable.  For everything else it is only safe to
+                # use buffer protocol.
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].base = PyBytes_AS_STRING(buf)
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].len = Py_SIZE(buf)
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    PyObject_GetBuffer(
+                        buf, &p_pybufs[py_bufs_len], PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+                except Exception:
+                    # This shouldn't ever happen, as `UVStream._buffer_write`
+                    # casts non-bytes objects to `memoryviews`.
+                    ctx.py_bufs_len = py_bufs_len
+                    ctx.free_bufs()
+                    raise
+
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].base = <char*>p_pybufs[py_bufs_len].buf
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].len = p_pybufs[py_bufs_len].len
+
+                py_bufs_len += 1
+
+            uv_bufs_idx += 1
+
+        ctx.uv_bufs_start = p_uvbufs
+        ctx.uv_bufs_len = uv_bufs_idx
+
+        ctx.py_bufs_len = py_bufs_len
+        ctx.req.data = <void*> ctx
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_total += 1
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt += 1
+
+        # Do incref after everything else is done.
+        # Under no circumstances we want `ctx` to be GCed while
+        # libuv is still working with `ctx.uv_bufs`.
+        Py_INCREF(ctx)
+        ctx.closed = 0
+        return ctx
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            # Because we do an INCREF in _StreamWriteContext.new,
+            # __dealloc__ shouldn't ever happen with `self.closed == 1`
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'open _StreamWriteContext is being deallocated')
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self.stream is not None:
+                self.stream._loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt -= 1
+                self.stream = None
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVStream(UVBaseTransport):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.__shutting_down = 0
+        self.__reading = 0
+        self.__read_error_close = 0
+        self.__buffered = 0
+        self._eof = 0
+        self._buffer = []
+        self._buffer_size = 0
+
+        self._protocol_get_buffer = None
+        self._protocol_buffer_updated = None
+
+        self._read_pybuf_acquired = False
+
+    cdef _set_protocol(self, object protocol):
+        if protocol is None:
+            raise TypeError('protocol is required')
+
+        UVBaseTransport._set_protocol(self, protocol)
+
+        if (hasattr(protocol, 'get_buffer') and
+                not isinstance(protocol, aio_Protocol)):
+            try:
+                self._protocol_get_buffer = protocol.get_buffer
+                self._protocol_buffer_updated = protocol.buffer_updated
+                self.__buffered = 1
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self.__buffered = 0
+
+    cdef _clear_protocol(self):
+        UVBaseTransport._clear_protocol(self)
+        self._protocol_get_buffer = None
+        self._protocol_buffer_updated = None
+        self.__buffered = 0
+
+    cdef inline _shutdown(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self.__shutting_down:
+            return
+        self.__shutting_down = 1
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        self._shutdown_req.data = <void*> self
+        err = uv.uv_shutdown(&self._shutdown_req,
+                             <uv.uv_stream_t*> self._handle,
+                             __uv_stream_on_shutdown)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    cdef inline _accept(self, UVStream server):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_accept(<uv.uv_stream_t*>server._handle,
+                           <uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        self._on_accept()
+
+    cdef inline _close_on_read_error(self):
+        self.__read_error_close = 1
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self):
+        return self.__reading
+
+    cdef _start_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._closing:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.__reading:
+            return
+
+        if self.__buffered:
+            err = uv.uv_read_start(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                                   __uv_stream_buffered_alloc,
+                                   __uv_stream_buffered_on_read)
+        else:
+            err = uv.uv_read_start(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                                   __loop_alloc_buffer,
+                                   __uv_stream_on_read)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            # UVStream must live until the read callback is called
+            self.__reading_started()
+
+    cdef inline __reading_started(self):
+        if self.__reading:
+            return
+        self.__reading = 1
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+    cdef inline __reading_stopped(self):
+        if not self.__reading:
+            return
+        self.__reading = 0
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef _stop_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self.__reading:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #    This function is idempotent and may be safely
+        #    called on a stopped stream.
+        err = uv.uv_read_stop(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            self.__reading_stopped()
+
+    cdef inline _try_write(self, object data):
+        cdef:
+            ssize_t written
+            bint used_buf = 0
+            Py_buffer py_buf
+            void* buf
+            size_t blen
+            int saved_errno
+            int fd
+
+        if (<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size != 0:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'UVStream._try_write called with data in uv buffers')
+
+        if PyBytes_CheckExact(data):
+            # We can only use this hack for bytes since it's
+            # immutable.  For everything else it is only safe to
+            # use buffer protocol.
+            buf = <void*>PyBytes_AS_STRING(data)
+            blen = Py_SIZE(data)
+        else:
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(data, &py_buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+            used_buf = 1
+            buf = py_buf.buf
+            blen = py_buf.len
+
+        if blen == 0:
+            # Empty data, do nothing.
+            return 0
+
+        fd = self._fileno()
+        # Use `unistd.h/write` directly, it's faster than
+        # uv_try_write -- less layers of code.  The error
+        # checking logic is copied from libuv.
+        written = system.write(fd, buf, blen)
+        while written == -1 and (
+                errno.errno == errno.EINTR or
+                (system.PLATFORM_IS_APPLE and
+                    errno.errno == errno.EPROTOTYPE)):
+            # From libuv code (unix/stream.c):
+            #   Due to a possible kernel bug at least in OS X 10.10 "Yosemite",
+            #   EPROTOTYPE can be returned while trying to write to a socket
+            #   that is shutting down. If we retry the write, we should get
+            #   the expected EPIPE instead.
+            written = system.write(fd, buf, blen)
+        saved_errno = errno.errno
+
+        if used_buf:
+            PyBuffer_Release(&py_buf)
+
+        if written < 0:
+            if saved_errno == errno.EAGAIN or \
+                    saved_errno == system.EWOULDBLOCK:
+                return -1
+            else:
+                exc = convert_error(-saved_errno)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self._loop._debug_stream_write_tries += 1
+
+        if <size_t>written == blen:
+            return 0
+
+        return written
+
+    cdef inline _buffer_write(self, object data):
+        cdef int dlen
+
+        if not PyBytes_CheckExact(data):
+            data = memoryview(data).cast('b')
+
+        dlen = len(data)
+        if not dlen:
+            return
+
+        self._buffer_size += dlen
+        self._buffer.append(data)
+
+    cdef inline _initiate_write(self):
+        if (not self._protocol_paused and
+                (<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size == 0 and
+                self._buffer_size > self._high_water):
+            # Fast-path.  If:
+            #   - the protocol isn't yet paused,
+            #   - there is no data in libuv buffers for this stream,
+            #   - the protocol will be paused if we continue to buffer data
+            #
+            # Then:
+            #   - Try to write all buffered data right now.
+            all_sent = self._exec_write()
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if self._buffer_size != 0 or self._buffer != []:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_buffer_size is not 0 after a successful _exec_write')
+
+            # There is no need to call `_queue_write` anymore,
+            # as `uv_write` should be called already.
+
+            if not all_sent:
+                # If not all of the data was sent successfully,
+                # we might need to pause the protocol.
+                self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+
+        elif self._buffer_size > 0:
+            self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+            self._loop._queue_write(self)
+
+    cdef inline _exec_write(self):
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            int buf_len
+            _StreamWriteContext ctx = None
+
+        if self._closed:
+            # If the handle is closed, just return, it's too
+            # late to do anything.
+            return
+
+        buf_len = len(self._buffer)
+        if not buf_len:
+            return
+
+        if (<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size == 0:
+            # libuv internal write buffers for this stream are empty.
+            if buf_len == 1:
+                # If we only have one piece of data to send, let's
+                # use our fast implementation of try_write.
+                data = self._buffer[0]
+                sent = self._try_write(data)
+
+                if sent is None:
+                    # A `self._fatal_error` was called.
+                    # It might not raise an exception under some
+                    # conditions.
+                    self._buffer_size = 0
+                    self._buffer.clear()
+                    if not self._closing:
+                        # This should never happen.
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            'stream is open after UVStream._try_write '
+                            'returned None')
+                    return
+
+                if sent == 0:
+                    # All data was successfully written.
+                    self._buffer_size = 0
+                    self._buffer.clear()
+                    # on_write will call "maybe_resume_protocol".
+                    self._on_write()
+                    return True
+
+                if sent > 0:
+                    if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                        if sent == len(data):
+                            raise RuntimeError(
+                                '_try_write sent all data and returned '
+                                'non-zero')
+
+                    if PyBytes_CheckExact(data):
+                        # Cast bytes to memoryview to avoid copying
+                        # data that wasn't sent.
+                        data = memoryview(data)
+                    data = data[sent:]
+
+                    self._buffer_size -= sent
+                    self._buffer[0] = data
+
+                # At this point it's either data was sent partially,
+                # or an EAGAIN has happened.
+
+            else:
+                ctx = _StreamWriteContext.new(self, self._buffer)
+
+                err = uv.uv_try_write(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                                      ctx.uv_bufs_start,
+                                      ctx.uv_bufs_len)
+
+                if err > 0:
+                    # Some data was successfully sent.
+
+                    if <size_t>err == self._buffer_size:
+                        # Everything was sent.
+                        ctx.close()
+                        self._buffer.clear()
+                        self._buffer_size = 0
+                        # on_write will call "maybe_resume_protocol".
+                        self._on_write()
+                        return True
+
+                    try:
+                        # Advance pointers to uv_bufs in `ctx`,
+                        # we will reuse it soon for a uv_write
+                        # call.
+                        ctx.advance_uv_buf(<ssize_t>err)
+                    except Exception as ex:  # This should never happen.
+                        # Let's try to close the `ctx` anyways.
+                        ctx.close()
+                        self._fatal_error(ex, True)
+                        self._buffer.clear()
+                        self._buffer_size = 0
+                        return
+
+                elif err != uv.UV_EAGAIN:
+                    ctx.close()
+                    exc = convert_error(err)
+                    self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                    self._buffer.clear()
+                    self._buffer_size = 0
+                    return
+
+                # fall through
+
+        if ctx is None:
+            ctx = _StreamWriteContext.new(self, self._buffer)
+
+        err = uv.uv_write(&ctx.req,
+                          <uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                          ctx.uv_bufs_start,
+                          ctx.uv_bufs_len,
+                          __uv_stream_on_write)
+
+        self._buffer_size = 0
+        # Can't use `_buffer.clear()` here: `ctx` holds a reference to
+        # the `_buffer`.
+        self._buffer = []
+
+        if err < 0:
+            # close write context
+            ctx.close()
+
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        self._maybe_resume_protocol()
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return 0
+        return ((<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size +
+                self._buffer_size)
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        try:
+            if self._read_pybuf_acquired:
+                # Should never happen. libuv always calls uv_alloc/uv_read
+                # in pairs.
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'transport': self,
+                    'message': 'XXX: an allocated buffer in transport._close()'
+                })
+                self._read_pybuf_acquired = 0
+                PyBuffer_Release(&self._read_pybuf)
+
+            self._stop_reading()
+        finally:
+            UVSocketHandle._close(<UVHandle>self)
+
+    cdef inline _on_accept(self):
+        # Ultimately called by __uv_stream_on_listen.
+        self._init_protocol()
+
+    cdef inline _on_eof(self):
+        # Any exception raised here will be caught in
+        # __uv_stream_on_read.
+
+        try:
+            meth = self._protocol.eof_received
+        except AttributeError:
+            keep_open = False
+        else:
+            keep_open = run_in_context(self.context, meth)
+
+        if keep_open:
+            # We're keeping the connection open so the
+            # protocol can write more, but we still can't
+            # receive more, so remove the reader callback.
+            self._stop_reading()
+        else:
+            self.close()
+
+    cdef inline _on_write(self):
+        self._maybe_resume_protocol()
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            if self._closing:
+                self._schedule_call_connection_lost(None)
+            elif self._eof:
+                self._shutdown()
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                      object waiter, object context):
+        self.context = context
+        self._set_protocol(protocol)
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        if server is not None:
+            self._set_server(server)
+
+        if waiter is not None:
+            self._set_waiter(waiter)
+
+    cdef inline _on_connect(self, object exc):
+        # Called from __tcp_connect_callback (tcp.pyx) and
+        # __pipe_connect_callback (pipe.pyx).
+        if exc is None:
+            self._init_protocol()
+        else:
+            if self._waiter is None:
+                self._fatal_error(exc, False, "connect failed")
+            elif self._waiter.cancelled():
+                # Connect call was cancelled; just close the transport
+                # silently.
+                self._close()
+            elif self._waiter.done():
+                self._fatal_error(exc, False, "connect failed")
+            else:
+                self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
+                self._close()
+
+    # === Public API ===
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} closed={} reading={} {:#x}>'.format(
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self._closed,
+            self.__reading,
+            id(self))
+
+    def write(self, object buf):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._eof:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call write() after write_eof()')
+        if not buf:
+            return
+        if self._conn_lost:
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+        self._buffer_write(buf)
+        self._initiate_write()
+
+    def writelines(self, bufs):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._eof:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call writelines() after write_eof()')
+        if self._conn_lost:
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+        for buf in bufs:
+            self._buffer_write(buf)
+        self._initiate_write()
+
+    def write_eof(self):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._eof:
+            return
+
+        self._eof = 1
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            self._shutdown()
+
+    def can_write_eof(self):
+        return True
+
+    def is_reading(self):
+        return self._is_reading()
+
+    def pause_reading(self):
+        if self._closing or not self._is_reading():
+            return
+        self._stop_reading()
+
+    def resume_reading(self):
+        if self._is_reading() or self._closing:
+            return
+        self._start_reading()
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_on_shutdown(uv.uv_shutdown_t* req,
+                                  int status) noexcept with gil:
+
+    # callback for uv_shutdown
+
+    if req.data is NULL:
+        aio_logger.error(
+            'UVStream.shutdown callback called with NULL req.data, status=%r',
+            status)
+        return
+
+    cdef UVStream stream = <UVStream> req.data
+
+    if status < 0 and status != uv.UV_ECANCELED:
+        # From libuv source code:
+        #     The ECANCELED error code is a lie, the shutdown(2) syscall is a
+        #     fait accompli at this point. Maybe we should revisit this in
+        #     v0.11.  A possible reason for leaving it unchanged is that it
+        #     informs the callee that the handle has been destroyed.
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total += 1
+
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        stream._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.shutdown callback")
+        return
+
+
+cdef inline bint __uv_stream_on_read_common(
+    UVStream sc,
+    Loop loop,
+    ssize_t nread,
+):
+    if sc._closed:
+        # The stream was closed, there is no reason to
+        # do any work now.
+        sc.__reading_stopped()  # Just in case.
+        return True
+
+    if nread == uv.UV_EOF:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #     The callee is responsible for stopping closing the stream
+        #     when an error happens by calling uv_read_stop() or uv_close().
+        #     Trying to read from the stream again is undefined.
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                loop._debug_stream_read_eof_total += 1
+
+            sc._stop_reading()
+            sc._on_eof()
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                loop._debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+            sc._fatal_error(ex, False)
+        finally:
+            return True
+
+    if nread == 0:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #     nread might be 0, which does not indicate an error or EOF.
+        #     This is equivalent to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK under read(2).
+        return True
+
+    if nread < 0:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #     The callee is responsible for stopping closing the stream
+        #     when an error happens by calling uv_read_stop() or uv_close().
+        #     Trying to read from the stream again is undefined.
+        #
+        # Therefore, we're closing the stream.  Since "UVHandle._close()"
+        # doesn't raise exceptions unless uvloop is built with DEBUG=1,
+        # we don't need try...finally here.
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_errors_total += 1
+
+        if sc.__read_error_close:
+            # Used for getting notified when a pipe is closed.
+            # See WriteUnixTransport for the explanation.
+            sc._on_eof()
+            return True
+
+        exc = convert_error(nread)
+        sc._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.read callback")
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+cdef inline void __uv_stream_on_read_impl(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* stream,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+):
+    cdef:
+        UVStream sc = <UVStream>stream.data
+        Loop loop = sc._loop
+
+    # It's OK to free the buffer early, since nothing will
+    # be able to touch it until this method is done.
+    __loop_free_buffer(loop)
+
+    if __uv_stream_on_read_common(sc, loop, nread):
+        return
+
+    try:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_total += 1
+
+        run_in_context1(
+            sc.context,
+            sc._protocol_data_received,
+            loop._recv_buffer[:nread],
+        )
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+        sc._fatal_error(exc, False)
+
+
+cdef inline void __uv_stream_on_write_impl(
+    uv.uv_write_t* req,
+    int status,
+):
+    cdef:
+        _StreamWriteContext ctx = <_StreamWriteContext> req.data
+        UVStream stream = <UVStream>ctx.stream
+
+    ctx.close()
+
+    if stream._closed:
+        # The stream was closed, there is nothing to do.
+        # Even if there is an error, like EPIPE, there
+        # is no reason to report it.
+        return
+
+    if status < 0:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_errors_total += 1
+
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        stream._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.write callback")
+        return
+
+    try:
+        stream._on_write()
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+        stream._fatal_error(exc, False)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_on_read(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* stream,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>stream,
+                            "UVStream read callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    # Don't need try-finally, __uv_stream_on_read_impl is void
+    __uv_stream_on_read_impl(stream, nread, buf)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_on_write(
+    uv.uv_write_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+        if req.data is NULL:
+            aio_logger.error(
+                'UVStream.write callback called with NULL req.data, status=%r',
+                status)
+            return
+
+    # Don't need try-finally, __uv_stream_on_write_impl is void
+    __uv_stream_on_write_impl(req, status)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_buffered_alloc(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* stream,
+    size_t suggested_size,
+    uv.uv_buf_t* uvbuf,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>stream,
+                            "UVStream alloc buffer callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVStream sc = <UVStream>stream.data
+        Loop loop = sc._loop
+        Py_buffer* pybuf = &sc._read_pybuf
+        int got_buf = 0
+
+    if sc._read_pybuf_acquired:
+        uvbuf.len = 0
+        uvbuf.base = NULL
+        return
+
+    sc._read_pybuf_acquired = 0
+    try:
+        buf = run_in_context1(
+            sc.context,
+            sc._protocol_get_buffer,
+            suggested_size,
+        )
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(buf, pybuf, PyBUF_WRITABLE)
+        got_buf = 1
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        # Can't call 'sc._fatal_error' or 'sc._close', libuv will SF.
+        # We'll do it later in __uv_stream_buffered_on_read when we
+        # receive UV_ENOBUFS.
+        uvbuf.len = 0
+        uvbuf.base = NULL
+        return
+
+    if not pybuf.len:
+        uvbuf.len = 0
+        uvbuf.base = NULL
+        if got_buf:
+            PyBuffer_Release(pybuf)
+        return
+
+    sc._read_pybuf_acquired = 1
+    uvbuf.base = <char*>pybuf.buf
+    uvbuf.len = pybuf.len
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_buffered_on_read(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* stream,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>stream,
+                            "UVStream buffered read callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVStream sc = <UVStream>stream.data
+        Loop loop = sc._loop
+        Py_buffer* pybuf = &sc._read_pybuf
+
+    if nread == uv.UV_ENOBUFS:
+        sc._fatal_error(
+            RuntimeError(
+                'unhandled error (or an empty buffer) in get_buffer()'),
+            False)
+        return
+
+    try:
+        if nread > 0 and not sc._read_pybuf_acquired:
+            # From libuv docs:
+            #     nread is > 0 if there is data available or < 0 on error. When
+            #     we’ve reached EOF, nread will be set to UV_EOF. When
+            #     nread < 0, the buf parameter might not point to a valid
+            #     buffer; in that case buf.len and buf.base are both set to 0.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f'no python buffer is allocated in on_read; nread={nread}')
+
+        if nread == 0:
+            # From libuv docs:
+            #     nread might be 0, which does not indicate an error or EOF.
+            #     This is equivalent to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK under read(2).
+            return
+
+        if __uv_stream_on_read_common(sc, loop, nread):
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_total += 1
+
+        run_in_context1(sc.context, sc._protocol_buffer_updated, nread)
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+        sc._fatal_error(exc, False)
+    finally:
+        sc._read_pybuf_acquired = 0
+        PyBuffer_Release(pybuf)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a004efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+cdef class UVStreamServer(UVSocketHandle):
+    cdef:
+        int backlog
+        object ssl
+        object ssl_handshake_timeout
+        object ssl_shutdown_timeout
+        object protocol_factory
+        bint opened
+        Server _server
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol_factory,
+                      Server server,
+                      object backlog,
+                      object ssl,
+                      object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                      object ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+    cdef inline _mark_as_open(self)
+
+    cdef inline listen(self)
+    cdef inline _on_listen(self)
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9993317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVStreamServer(UVSocketHandle):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.opened = 0
+        self._server = None
+        self.ssl = None
+        self.ssl_handshake_timeout = None
+        self.ssl_shutdown_timeout = None
+        self.protocol_factory = None
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol_factory,
+                      Server server,
+                      object backlog,
+                      object ssl,
+                      object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                      object ssl_shutdown_timeout):
+
+        if not isinstance(backlog, int):
+            # Don't allow floats
+            raise TypeError('integer argument expected, got {}'.format(
+                type(backlog).__name__))
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    'ssl is expected to be None or an instance of '
+                    'ssl.SSLContext, got {!r}'.format(ssl))
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        self.backlog = backlog
+        self.ssl = ssl
+        self.ssl_handshake_timeout = ssl_handshake_timeout
+        self.ssl_shutdown_timeout = ssl_shutdown_timeout
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+        self.protocol_factory = protocol_factory
+        self._server = server
+
+    cdef inline listen(self):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.protocol_factory is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('unable to listen(); no protocol_factory')
+
+        if self.opened != 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('unopened TCPServer')
+
+        self.context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+        err = uv.uv_listen(<uv.uv_stream_t*> self._handle,
+                           self.backlog,
+                           __uv_streamserver_on_listen)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    cdef inline _on_listen(self):
+        cdef UVStream client
+
+        protocol = run_in_context(self.context, self.protocol_factory)
+
+        if self.ssl is None:
+            client = self._make_new_transport(protocol, None, self.context)
+
+        else:
+            waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+
+            ssl_protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self._loop, protocol, self.ssl,
+                waiter,
+                server_side=True,
+                server_hostname=None,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=self.ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=self.ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+            client = self._make_new_transport(ssl_protocol, None, self.context)
+
+            waiter.add_done_callback(
+                ft_partial(self.__on_ssl_connected, client))
+
+        client._accept(<UVStream>self)
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        # Overload UVHandle._fatal_error
+
+        self._close()
+
+        if not isinstance(exc, OSError):
+
+            if throw or self._loop is None:
+                raise exc
+
+            msg = f'Fatal error on server {self.__class__.__name__}'
+            if reason is not None:
+                msg = f'{msg} ({reason})'
+
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': msg,
+                'exception': exc,
+            })
+
+    cdef inline _mark_as_open(self):
+        self.opened = 1
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __on_ssl_connected(self, transport, fut):
+        exc = fut.exception()
+        if exc is not None:
+            transport._force_close(exc)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_streamserver_on_listen(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* handle,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    # callback for uv_listen
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle,
+                            "UVStream listen callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVStreamServer stream = <UVStreamServer> handle.data
+
+    if status < 0:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_listen_errors_total += 1
+
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        stream._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.listen callback")
+        return
+
+    try:
+        stream._on_listen()
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        stream._error(exc, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d388ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+cdef class TCPServer(UVStreamServer):
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=*)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                       unsigned int flags,
+                       object backlog,
+                       object ssl,
+                       object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                       object ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+
+cdef class TCPTransport(UVStream):
+    cdef:
+        bint __peername_set
+        bint __sockname_set
+        system.sockaddr_storage __peername
+        system.sockaddr_storage __sockname
+
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=*)
+    cdef connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr)
+    cdef _set_nodelay(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                          object waiter, object context)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5fe827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+cdef __tcp_init_uv_handle(UVStream handle, Loop loop, unsigned int flags):
+    cdef int err
+
+    handle._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_tcp_t))
+    if handle._handle is NULL:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise MemoryError()
+
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_init_ex(handle._loop.uvloop,
+                            <uv.uv_tcp_t*>handle._handle,
+                            flags)
+    if err < 0:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+    handle._finish_init()
+
+
+cdef __tcp_bind(UVStream handle, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags):
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_bind(<uv.uv_tcp_t *>handle._handle,
+                         addr, flags)
+    if err < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(err)
+        raise exc
+
+
+cdef __tcp_open(UVStream handle, int sockfd):
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_open(<uv.uv_tcp_t *>handle._handle,
+                         <uv.uv_os_sock_t>sockfd)
+    if err < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(err)
+        raise exc
+
+
+cdef __tcp_get_socket(UVSocketHandle handle):
+    cdef:
+        int buf_len = sizeof(system.sockaddr_storage)
+        int fileno
+        int err
+        system.sockaddr_storage buf
+
+    fileno = handle._fileno()
+
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_getsockname(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>handle._handle,
+                                <system.sockaddr*>&buf,
+                                &buf_len)
+    if err < 0:
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+    return PseudoSocket(buf.ss_family, uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, fileno)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class TCPServer(UVStreamServer):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                       unsigned int flags,
+                       object backlog,
+                       object ssl,
+                       object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                       object ssl_shutdown_timeout):
+
+        cdef TCPServer handle
+        handle = TCPServer.__new__(TCPServer)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol_factory, server, backlog,
+                     ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout, ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        __tcp_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop, flags)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __tcp_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        try:
+            __tcp_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+        else:
+            self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=0):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        try:
+            __tcp_bind(<UVStream>self, addr, flags)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+        else:
+            self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context):
+        cdef TCPTransport tr
+        tr = TCPTransport.new(self._loop, protocol, self._server, waiter,
+                              context)
+        return <UVStream>tr
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class TCPTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                          object waiter, object context):
+
+        cdef TCPTransport handle
+        handle = TCPTransport.__new__(TCPTransport)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, context)
+        __tcp_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop, uv.AF_UNSPEC)
+        handle.__peername_set = 0
+        handle.__sockname_set = 0
+        handle._set_nodelay()
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _set_nodelay(self):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_nodelay(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>self._handle, 1)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self):
+        # asyncio saves peername & sockname when transports are instantiated,
+        # so that they're accessible even after the transport is closed.
+        # We are doing the same thing here, except that we create Python
+        # objects lazily, on request in get_extra_info()
+
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            int buf_len
+
+        buf_len = sizeof(system.sockaddr_storage)
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_getsockname(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>self._handle,
+                                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__sockname,
+                                    &buf_len)
+        if err >= 0:
+            # Ignore errors, this is an optional thing.
+            # If something serious is going on, the transport
+            # will crash later (in roughly the same way how
+            # an asyncio transport would.)
+            self.__sockname_set = 1
+
+        buf_len = sizeof(system.sockaddr_storage)
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_getpeername(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>self._handle,
+                                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__peername,
+                                    &buf_len)
+        if err >= 0:
+            # Same as few lines above -- we don't really care
+            # about error case here.
+            self.__peername_set = 1
+
+        UVBaseTransport._call_connection_made(self)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        if name == 'sockname':
+            if self.__sockname_set:
+                return __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(
+                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__sockname)
+        elif name == 'peername':
+            if self.__peername_set:
+                return __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(
+                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__peername)
+        return super().get_extra_info(name, default)
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __tcp_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=0):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        __tcp_bind(<UVStream>self, addr, flags)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        __tcp_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    cdef connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr):
+        cdef _TCPConnectRequest req
+        req = _TCPConnectRequest(self._loop, self)
+        req.connect(addr)
+
+
+cdef class _TCPConnectRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        TCPTransport transport
+        uv.uv_connect_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, loop, transport):
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*>&self._req_data
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+        self.transport = transport
+
+    cdef connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr):
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_connect(<uv.uv_connect_t*>self.request,
+                                <uv.uv_tcp_t*>self.transport._handle,
+                                addr,
+                                __tcp_connect_callback)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self.on_done()
+            raise exc
+
+
+cdef void __tcp_connect_callback(
+    uv.uv_connect_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        _TCPConnectRequest wrapper
+        TCPTransport transport
+
+    wrapper = <_TCPConnectRequest> req.data
+    transport = wrapper.transport
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+    else:
+        exc = None
+
+    try:
+        transport._on_connect(exc)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        wrapper.transport._fatal_error(ex, False)
+    finally:
+        wrapper.on_done()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda23b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+cdef class UVTimer(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        method_t callback
+        object ctx
+        bint running
+        uint64_t timeout
+        uint64_t start_t
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+               uint64_t timeout)
+
+    cdef stop(self)
+    cdef start(self)
+    cdef get_when(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVTimer new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+                     uint64_t timeout)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86d46ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVTimer(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+               uint64_t timeout):
+
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*> PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_timer_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_timer_init(self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_timer_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.running = 0
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.start_t = 0
+
+    cdef stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_timer_stop(<uv.uv_timer_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef start(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            # Update libuv internal time.
+            uv.uv_update_time(self._loop.uvloop)  # void
+            self.start_t = uv.uv_now(self._loop.uvloop)
+
+            err = uv.uv_timer_start(<uv.uv_timer_t*>self._handle,
+                                    __uvtimer_callback,
+                                    self.timeout, 0)
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    cdef get_when(self):
+        return self.start_t + self.timeout
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVTimer new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+                     uint64_t timeout):
+
+        cdef UVTimer handle
+        handle = UVTimer.__new__(UVTimer)
+        handle._init(loop, callback, ctx, timeout)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void __uvtimer_callback(
+    uv.uv_timer_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVTimer callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVTimer timer = <UVTimer> handle.data
+        method_t cb = timer.callback
+
+    timer.running = 0
+    try:
+        cb(timer.ctx)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        timer._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daa9a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+cdef class UDPTransport(UVBaseTransport):
+    cdef:
+        bint __receiving
+        int _family
+        object _address
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, unsigned int family)
+    cdef _set_address(self, system.addrinfo *addr)
+
+    cdef _connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr, size_t addr_len)
+
+    cdef _bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr)
+    cdef open(self, int family, int sockfd)
+    cdef _set_broadcast(self, bint on)
+
+    cdef inline __receiving_started(self)
+    cdef inline __receiving_stopped(self)
+
+    cdef _send(self, object data, object addr)
+
+    cdef _on_receive(self, bytes data, object exc, object addr)
+    cdef _on_sent(self, object exc, object context=*)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef20c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class _UDPSendContext:
+    # used to hold additional write request information for uv_write
+
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_udp_send_t   req
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t     uv_buf
+        Py_buffer       py_buf
+
+        UDPTransport    udp
+
+        bint            closed
+
+    cdef close(self):
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+
+        self.closed = 1
+        PyBuffer_Release(&self.py_buf)  # void
+        self.req.data = NULL
+        self.uv_buf.base = NULL
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+        self.udp = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef _UDPSendContext new(UDPTransport udp, object data):
+        cdef _UDPSendContext ctx
+        ctx = _UDPSendContext.__new__(_UDPSendContext)
+        ctx.udp = None
+        ctx.closed = 1
+
+        ctx.req.data = <void*> ctx
+        Py_INCREF(ctx)
+
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(data, &ctx.py_buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+        ctx.uv_buf.base = <char*>ctx.py_buf.buf
+        ctx.uv_buf.len = ctx.py_buf.len
+        ctx.udp = udp
+
+        ctx.closed = 0
+        return ctx
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if not self.closed:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'open _UDPSendContext is being deallocated')
+        self.udp = None
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UDPTransport(UVBaseTransport):
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._family = uv.AF_UNSPEC
+        self.__receiving = 0
+        self._address = None
+        self.context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, unsigned int family):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_udp_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_init_ex(loop.uvloop,
+                                <uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                family)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        if family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+            self._family = family
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+    cdef _set_address(self, system.addrinfo *addr):
+        self._address = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(addr.ai_addr)
+
+    cdef _connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr, size_t addr_len):
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_udp_connect(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle, addr)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef open(self, int family, int sockfd):
+        if family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6, uv.AF_UNIX):
+            self._family = family
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'cannot open a UDP handle, invalid family {}'.format(family))
+
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_udp_open(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                             <uv.uv_os_sock_t>sockfd)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef _bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr):
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            int flags = 0
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_bind(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle, addr, flags)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef _set_broadcast(self, bint on):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_set_broadcast(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle, on)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return 0
+        return (<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle).send_queue_size
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self):
+        return self.__receiving
+
+    cdef _start_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self.__receiving:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_recv_start(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                   __loop_alloc_buffer,
+                                   __uv_udp_on_receive)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            # UDPTransport must live until the read callback is called
+            self.__receiving_started()
+
+    cdef _stop_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self.__receiving:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_recv_stop(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            self.__receiving_stopped()
+
+    cdef inline __receiving_started(self):
+        if self.__receiving:
+            return
+        self.__receiving = 1
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+    cdef inline __receiving_stopped(self):
+        if not self.__receiving:
+            return
+        self.__receiving = 0
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        if self._family not in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6, uv.AF_UNIX):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'UDPTransport.family is undefined; '
+                'cannot create python socket')
+
+        fileno = self._fileno()
+        return PseudoSocket(self._family, uv.SOCK_DGRAM, 0, fileno)
+
+    cdef _send(self, object data, object addr):
+        cdef:
+            _UDPSendContext ctx
+            system.sockaddr_storage saddr_st
+            system.sockaddr *saddr
+            Py_buffer       try_pybuf
+            uv.uv_buf_t     try_uvbuf
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._family not in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6, uv.AF_UNIX):
+            raise RuntimeError('UDPTransport.family is undefined; cannot send')
+
+        if addr is None:
+            saddr = NULL
+        else:
+            try:
+                __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(self._family, addr,
+                                             <system.sockaddr*>&saddr_st)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'{addr!r}: socket family mismatch or '
+                    f'a DNS lookup is required')
+            saddr = <system.sockaddr*>(&saddr_st)
+
+        if self._get_write_buffer_size() == 0:
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(data, &try_pybuf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+            try_uvbuf.base = <char*>try_pybuf.buf
+            try_uvbuf.len = try_pybuf.len
+            err = uv.uv_udp_try_send(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                     &try_uvbuf,
+                                     1,
+                                     saddr)
+            PyBuffer_Release(&try_pybuf)
+        else:
+            err = uv.UV_EAGAIN
+
+        if err == uv.UV_EAGAIN:
+            ctx = _UDPSendContext.new(self, data)
+            err = uv.uv_udp_send(&ctx.req,
+                                 <uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                 &ctx.uv_buf,
+                                 1,
+                                 saddr,
+                                 __uv_udp_on_send)
+
+            if err < 0:
+                ctx.close()
+
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                if isinstance(exc, OSError):
+                    run_in_context1(self.context.copy(), self._protocol.error_received, exc)
+                else:
+                    self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            else:
+                self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+
+        else:
+            self._on_sent(convert_error(err) if err < 0 else None, self.context.copy())
+
+    cdef _on_receive(self, bytes data, object exc, object addr):
+        if exc is None:
+            run_in_context2(
+                self.context, self._protocol.datagram_received, data, addr,
+            )
+        else:
+            run_in_context1(self.context, self._protocol.error_received, exc)
+
+    cdef _on_sent(self, object exc, object context=None):
+        if exc is not None:
+            if isinstance(exc, OSError):
+                if context is None:
+                    context = self.context
+                run_in_context1(context, self._protocol.error_received, exc)
+            else:
+                self._fatal_error(
+                    exc, False, 'Fatal write error on datagram transport')
+
+        self._maybe_resume_protocol()
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            if self._closing:
+                self._schedule_call_connection_lost(None)
+
+    # === Public API ===
+
+    def sendto(self, data, addr=None):
+        if not data:
+            # Replicating asyncio logic here.
+            return
+
+        if self._address:
+            if addr not in (None, self._address):
+                # Replicating asyncio logic here.
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'Invalid address: must be None or %s' % (self._address,))
+
+            # Instead of setting addr to self._address below like what asyncio
+            # does, we depend on previous uv_udp_connect() to set the address
+            addr = None
+
+        if self._conn_lost:
+            # Replicating asyncio logic here.
+            if self._conn_lost >= LOG_THRESHOLD_FOR_CONNLOST_WRITES:
+                aio_logger.warning('socket.send() raised exception.')
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+
+        self._send(data, addr)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_udp_on_receive(
+    uv.uv_udp_t* handle,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+    const system.sockaddr* addr,
+    unsigned flags
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle,
+                            "UDPTransport receive callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UDPTransport udp = <UDPTransport>handle.data
+        Loop loop = udp._loop
+        bytes data
+        object pyaddr
+
+    # It's OK to free the buffer early, since nothing will
+    # be able to touch it until this method is done.
+    __loop_free_buffer(loop)
+
+    if udp._closed:
+        # The handle was closed, there is no reason to
+        # do any work now.
+        udp.__receiving_stopped()  # Just in case.
+        return
+
+    if addr is NULL and nread == 0:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #      addr: struct sockaddr* containing the address
+        #      of the sender. Can be NULL. Valid for the duration
+        #      of the callback only.
+        #      [...]
+        #      The receive callback will be called with
+        #      nread == 0 and addr == NULL when there is
+        #      nothing to read, and with nread == 0 and
+        #      addr != NULL when an empty UDP packet is
+        #      received.
+        return
+
+    if addr is NULL:
+        pyaddr = None
+    elif addr.sa_family == uv.AF_UNSPEC:
+        # https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/304
+        if system.PLATFORM_IS_LINUX:
+            pyaddr = None
+        else:
+            pyaddr = ''
+    else:
+        try:
+            pyaddr = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(addr)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            udp._error(exc, False)
+            return
+
+    if nread < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(nread)
+        udp._on_receive(None, exc, pyaddr)
+        return
+
+    if nread == 0:
+        data = b''
+    else:
+        data = loop._recv_buffer[:nread]
+
+    try:
+        udp._on_receive(data, None, pyaddr)
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        udp._error(exc, False)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_udp_on_send(
+    uv.uv_udp_send_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if req.data is NULL:
+        # Shouldn't happen as:
+        #    - _UDPSendContext does an extra INCREF in its 'init()'
+        #    - _UDPSendContext holds a ref to the relevant UDPTransport
+        aio_logger.error(
+            'UVStream.write callback called with NULL req.data, status=%r',
+            status)
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        _UDPSendContext ctx = <_UDPSendContext> req.data
+        UDPTransport udp = <UDPTransport>ctx.udp
+
+    ctx.close()
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        print(exc)
+    else:
+        exc = None
+
+    try:
+        udp._on_sent(exc)
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        udp._error(exc, False)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ccf9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+
+# These have to be synced with the stdlib.pxi
+import asyncio
+import collections
+import concurrent.futures
+import errno
+import functools
+import gc
+import inspect
+import itertools
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import traceback
+import time
+import warnings
+import weakref
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f559f83
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/consts.pxi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/consts.pxi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f3c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/consts.pxi
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+cdef enum:
+    UV_STREAM_RECV_BUF_SIZE = 256000  # 250kb
+
+    FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER = 64  # KiB
+    FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_READ = 256  # KiB
+    FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_WRITE = 512  # KiB
+
+    DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE = 250
+    DNS_PYADDR_TO_SOCKADDR_CACHE_SIZE = 2048
+
+    DEBUG_STACK_DEPTH = 10
+
+
+    __PROCESS_DEBUG_SLEEP_AFTER_FORK = 1
+
+
+    LOG_THRESHOLD_FOR_CONNLOST_WRITES = 5
+    SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE = 256 * 1024
+
+
+cdef extern from *:
+    '''
+    // Number of seconds to wait for SSL handshake to complete
+    // The default timeout matches that of Nginx.
+    #define SSL_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT 60.0
+
+    // Number of seconds to wait for SSL shutdown to complete
+    // The default timeout mimics lingering_time
+    #define SSL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 30.0
+    '''
+
+    const float SSL_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT
+    const float SSL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/debug.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/debug.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a825def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/debug.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cdef extern from "includes/debug.h":
+
+    cdef int UVLOOP_DEBUG
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/flowcontrol.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/flowcontrol.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f22f1a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/flowcontrol.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+
+
+cdef inline add_flowcontrol_defaults(high, low, int kb):
+    cdef int h, l
+    if high is None:
+        if low is None:
+            h = kb * 1024
+        else:
+            l = low
+            h = 4 * l
+    else:
+        h = high
+    if low is None:
+        l = h // 4
+    else:
+        l = low
+
+    if not h >= l >= 0:
+        raise ValueError('high (%r) must be >= low (%r) must be >= 0' %
+                         (h, l))
+
+    return h, l
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/python.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/python.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94007e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/python.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    int PY_VERSION_HEX
+
+    unicode PyUnicode_FromString(const char *)
+
+    void* PyMem_RawMalloc(size_t n) nogil
+    void* PyMem_RawRealloc(void *p, size_t n) nogil
+    void* PyMem_RawCalloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize) nogil
+    void PyMem_RawFree(void *p) nogil
+
+    object PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(object)
+    void PyErr_SetInterrupt() nogil
+
+    object PyMemoryView_FromMemory(char *mem, ssize_t size, int flags)
+    object PyMemoryView_FromObject(object obj)
+    int PyMemoryView_Check(object obj)
+
+    cdef enum:
+        PyBUF_WRITE
+
+
+cdef extern from "includes/compat.h":
+    object Context_CopyCurrent()
+    int Context_Enter(object) except -1
+    int Context_Exit(object) except -1
+
+    void PyOS_BeforeFork()
+    void PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
+    void PyOS_AfterFork_Child()
+
+    void _Py_RestoreSignals()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/stdlib.pxi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/stdlib.pxi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02605a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/stdlib.pxi
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+
+
+import asyncio, asyncio.log, asyncio.base_events, \
+       asyncio.sslproto, asyncio.coroutines, \
+       asyncio.futures, asyncio.transports
+import collections.abc
+import concurrent.futures
+import errno
+import functools
+import gc
+import inspect
+import itertools
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import traceback
+import time
+import warnings
+import weakref
+
+
+cdef aio_get_event_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop
+cdef aio_CancelledError = asyncio.CancelledError
+cdef aio_InvalidStateError = asyncio.InvalidStateError
+cdef aio_TimeoutError = asyncio.TimeoutError
+cdef aio_Future = asyncio.Future
+cdef aio_Task = asyncio.Task
+cdef aio_ensure_future = asyncio.ensure_future
+cdef aio_gather = asyncio.gather
+cdef aio_wait = asyncio.wait
+cdef aio_wrap_future = asyncio.wrap_future
+cdef aio_logger = asyncio.log.logger
+cdef aio_iscoroutine = asyncio.iscoroutine
+cdef aio_iscoroutinefunction = asyncio.iscoroutinefunction
+cdef aio_BaseProtocol = asyncio.BaseProtocol
+cdef aio_Protocol = asyncio.Protocol
+cdef aio_isfuture = getattr(asyncio, 'isfuture', None)
+cdef aio_get_running_loop = getattr(asyncio, '_get_running_loop', None)
+cdef aio_set_running_loop = getattr(asyncio, '_set_running_loop', None)
+cdef aio_debug_wrapper = getattr(asyncio.coroutines, 'debug_wrapper', None)
+cdef aio_AbstractChildWatcher = getattr(asyncio, "AbstractChildWatcher", ())
+cdef aio_Transport = asyncio.Transport
+cdef aio_FlowControlMixin = asyncio.transports._FlowControlMixin
+
+cdef col_deque = collections.deque
+cdef col_Iterable = collections.abc.Iterable
+cdef col_Counter = collections.Counter
+cdef col_OrderedDict = collections.OrderedDict
+
+cdef cc_ThreadPoolExecutor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor
+cdef cc_Future = concurrent.futures.Future
+
+cdef errno_EBADF = errno.EBADF
+cdef errno_EINVAL = errno.EINVAL
+
+cdef ft_partial = functools.partial
+
+cdef gc_disable = gc.disable
+
+cdef iter_chain = itertools.chain
+cdef inspect_isgenerator = inspect.isgenerator
+
+cdef int has_IPV6_V6ONLY = hasattr(socket, 'IPV6_V6ONLY')
+cdef int IPV6_V6ONLY = getattr(socket, 'IPV6_V6ONLY', -1)
+cdef int has_SO_REUSEPORT = hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT')
+cdef int SO_REUSEPORT = getattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT', 0)
+cdef int SO_BROADCAST = getattr(socket, 'SO_BROADCAST')
+cdef int SOCK_NONBLOCK = getattr(socket, 'SOCK_NONBLOCK', -1)
+cdef int socket_AI_CANONNAME = getattr(socket, 'AI_CANONNAME')
+
+cdef socket_gaierror = socket.gaierror
+cdef socket_error = socket.error
+cdef socket_timeout = socket.timeout
+cdef socket_socket = socket.socket
+cdef socket_socketpair = socket.socketpair
+cdef socket_getservbyname = socket.getservbyname
+cdef socket_AddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily
+cdef socket_SocketKind = socket.SocketKind
+
+cdef int socket_EAI_ADDRFAMILY = getattr(socket, 'EAI_ADDRFAMILY', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_AGAIN      = getattr(socket, 'EAI_AGAIN', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_BADFLAGS   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_BADFLAGS', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_BADHINTS   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_BADHINTS', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_CANCELED   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_CANCELED', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_FAIL       = getattr(socket, 'EAI_FAIL', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_FAMILY     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_FAMILY', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_MEMORY     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_MEMORY', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_NODATA     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_NODATA', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_NONAME     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_NONAME', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_OVERFLOW   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_OVERFLOW', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_PROTOCOL   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_PROTOCOL', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_SERVICE    = getattr(socket, 'EAI_SERVICE', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_SOCKTYPE   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_SOCKTYPE', -1)
+
+
+cdef str os_name = os.name
+cdef os_environ = os.environ
+cdef os_dup = os.dup
+cdef os_set_inheritable = os.set_inheritable
+cdef os_get_inheritable = os.get_inheritable
+cdef os_close = os.close
+cdef os_open = os.open
+cdef os_devnull = os.devnull
+cdef os_O_RDWR = os.O_RDWR
+cdef os_pipe = os.pipe
+cdef os_read = os.read
+cdef os_remove = os.remove
+cdef os_stat = os.stat
+cdef os_unlink = os.unlink
+cdef os_fspath = os.fspath
+
+cdef stat_S_ISSOCK = stat.S_ISSOCK
+
+cdef sys_ignore_environment = sys.flags.ignore_environment
+cdef sys_dev_mode = sys.flags.dev_mode
+cdef sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info
+cdef sys_set_coroutine_wrapper = getattr(sys, 'set_coroutine_wrapper', None)
+cdef sys_get_coroutine_wrapper = getattr(sys, 'get_coroutine_wrapper', None)
+cdef sys_getframe = sys._getframe
+cdef sys_version_info = sys.version_info
+cdef sys_getfilesystemencoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding
+cdef str sys_platform = sys.platform
+
+cdef ssl_SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
+cdef ssl_MemoryBIO = ssl.MemoryBIO
+cdef ssl_create_default_context = ssl.create_default_context
+cdef ssl_SSLError = ssl.SSLError
+cdef ssl_SSLAgainErrors = (ssl.SSLWantReadError, ssl.SSLSyscallError)
+cdef ssl_SSLZeroReturnError = ssl.SSLZeroReturnError
+cdef ssl_CertificateError = ssl.CertificateError
+cdef int ssl_SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ = ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
+cdef int ssl_SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE = ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
+cdef int ssl_SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL = ssl.SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
+
+cdef threading_Thread = threading.Thread
+cdef threading_main_thread = threading.main_thread
+
+cdef int subprocess_PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
+cdef int subprocess_STDOUT = subprocess.STDOUT
+cdef int subprocess_DEVNULL = subprocess.DEVNULL
+cdef subprocess_SubprocessError = subprocess.SubprocessError
+
+cdef int signal_NSIG = signal.NSIG
+cdef signal_signal = signal.signal
+cdef signal_siginterrupt = signal.siginterrupt
+cdef signal_set_wakeup_fd = signal.set_wakeup_fd
+cdef signal_default_int_handler = signal.default_int_handler
+cdef signal_SIG_DFL = signal.SIG_DFL
+
+cdef time_sleep = time.sleep
+cdef time_monotonic = time.monotonic
+
+cdef tb_StackSummary = traceback.StackSummary
+cdef tb_walk_stack = traceback.walk_stack
+cdef tb_format_list = traceback.format_list
+
+cdef warnings_warn = warnings.warn
+
+cdef weakref_WeakValueDictionary = weakref.WeakValueDictionary
+cdef weakref_WeakSet = weakref.WeakSet
+
+cdef py_inf = float('inf')
+
+
+# Cython doesn't clean-up imported objects properly in Py3 mode,
+# so we delete refs to all modules manually (except sys)
+del asyncio, concurrent, collections, errno
+del functools, inspect, itertools, socket, os, threading
+del signal, subprocess, ssl
+del time, traceback, warnings, weakref
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/system.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/system.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..367fedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/system.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport int8_t, uint64_t
+
+cdef extern from "arpa/inet.h" nogil:
+
+    int ntohl(int)
+    int htonl(int)
+    int ntohs(int)
+
+
+cdef extern from "sys/socket.h" nogil:
+
+    struct sockaddr:
+        unsigned short sa_family
+        char           sa_data[14]
+
+    struct addrinfo:
+        int            ai_flags
+        int            ai_family
+        int            ai_socktype
+        int            ai_protocol
+        size_t         ai_addrlen
+        sockaddr*      ai_addr
+        char*          ai_canonname
+        addrinfo*      ai_next
+
+    struct sockaddr_in:
+        unsigned short sin_family
+        unsigned short sin_port
+        # ...
+
+    struct sockaddr_in6:
+        unsigned short sin6_family
+        unsigned short sin6_port
+        unsigned long  sin6_flowinfo
+        # ...
+        unsigned long  sin6_scope_id
+
+    struct sockaddr_storage:
+        unsigned short ss_family
+        # ...
+
+    const char *gai_strerror(int errcode)
+
+    int socketpair(int domain, int type, int protocol, int socket_vector[2])
+
+    int setsockopt(int socket, int level, int option_name,
+                   const void *option_value, int option_len)
+
+
+cdef extern from "sys/un.h" nogil:
+
+    struct sockaddr_un:
+        unsigned short sun_family
+        char*          sun_path
+        # ...
+
+
+cdef extern from "unistd.h" nogil:
+
+    ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+    void _exit(int status)
+
+
+cdef extern from "pthread.h":
+
+    int pthread_atfork(
+        void (*prepare)(),
+        void (*parent)(),
+        void (*child)())
+
+
+cdef extern from "includes/compat.h" nogil:
+
+    cdef int EWOULDBLOCK
+
+    cdef int PLATFORM_IS_APPLE
+    cdef int PLATFORM_IS_LINUX
+
+    struct epoll_event:
+        # We don't use the fields
+        pass
+
+    int EPOLL_CTL_DEL
+    int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, epoll_event *event)
+    object MakeUnixSockPyAddr(sockaddr_un *addr)
+
+
+cdef extern from "includes/fork_handler.h":
+
+    uint64_t MAIN_THREAD_ID
+    int8_t MAIN_THREAD_ID_SET
+    ctypedef void (*OnForkHandler)()
+    void handleAtFork()
+    void setForkHandler(OnForkHandler handler)
+    void resetForkHandler()
+    void setMainThreadID(uint64_t id)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/uv.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/uv.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..510b149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/uv.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, int64_t
+from posix.types cimport gid_t, uid_t
+from posix.unistd cimport getuid
+
+from . cimport system
+
+# This is an internal enum UV_HANDLE_READABLE from uv-common.h, used only by
+# handles/pipe.pyx to temporarily workaround a libuv issue libuv/libuv#2058,
+# before there is a proper fix in libuv. In short, libuv disallowed feeding a
+# write-only pipe to uv_read_start(), which was needed by uvloop to detect a
+# broken pipe without having to send anything on the write-only end. We're
+# setting UV_HANDLE_READABLE on pipe_t to workaround this limitation
+# temporarily, please see also #317.
+cdef enum:
+    UV_INTERNAL_HANDLE_READABLE = 0x00004000
+
+cdef extern from "uv.h" nogil:
+    cdef int UV_TCP_IPV6ONLY
+
+    cdef int UV_EACCES
+    cdef int UV_EAGAIN
+    cdef int UV_EALREADY
+    cdef int UV_EBUSY
+    cdef int UV_ECONNABORTED
+    cdef int UV_ECONNREFUSED
+    cdef int UV_ECONNRESET
+    cdef int UV_ECANCELED
+    cdef int UV_EEXIST
+    cdef int UV_EINTR
+    cdef int UV_EINVAL
+    cdef int UV_EISDIR
+    cdef int UV_ENOENT
+    cdef int UV_EOF
+    cdef int UV_EPERM
+    cdef int UV_EPIPE
+    cdef int UV_ESHUTDOWN
+    cdef int UV_ESRCH
+    cdef int UV_ETIMEDOUT
+    cdef int UV_EBADF
+    cdef int UV_ENOBUFS
+
+    cdef int UV_EAI_ADDRFAMILY
+    cdef int UV_EAI_AGAIN
+    cdef int UV_EAI_BADFLAGS
+    cdef int UV_EAI_BADHINTS
+    cdef int UV_EAI_CANCELED
+    cdef int UV_EAI_FAIL
+    cdef int UV_EAI_FAMILY
+    cdef int UV_EAI_MEMORY
+    cdef int UV_EAI_NODATA
+    cdef int UV_EAI_NONAME
+    cdef int UV_EAI_OVERFLOW
+    cdef int UV_EAI_PROTOCOL
+    cdef int UV_EAI_SERVICE
+    cdef int UV_EAI_SOCKTYPE
+
+    cdef int SOL_SOCKET
+    cdef int SO_ERROR
+    cdef int SO_REUSEADDR
+    # use has_SO_REUSEPORT and SO_REUSEPORT in stdlib.pxi instead
+    cdef int AF_INET
+    cdef int AF_INET6
+    cdef int AF_UNIX
+    cdef int AF_UNSPEC
+    cdef int AI_PASSIVE
+    cdef int AI_NUMERICHOST
+    cdef int INET6_ADDRSTRLEN
+    cdef int IPPROTO_IPV6
+    cdef int SOCK_STREAM
+    cdef int SOCK_DGRAM
+    cdef int IPPROTO_TCP
+    cdef int IPPROTO_UDP
+
+    cdef int SIGINT
+    cdef int SIGHUP
+    cdef int SIGCHLD
+    cdef int SIGKILL
+    cdef int SIGTERM
+
+    ctypedef int uv_os_sock_t
+    ctypedef int uv_file
+    ctypedef int uv_os_fd_t
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_buf_t:
+        char* base
+        size_t len
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_loop_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_handle_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        unsigned int flags
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_idle_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_check_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_signal_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_async_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_timer_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_stream_t:
+        void* data
+        size_t write_queue_size
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_tcp_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_pipe_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_udp_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        size_t send_queue_size
+        size_t send_queue_count
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_udp_send_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_udp_t* handle
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_poll_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_req_t:
+        # Only cancellation of uv_fs_t, uv_getaddrinfo_t,
+        # uv_getnameinfo_t and uv_work_t requests is
+        # currently supported.
+        void* data
+        uv_req_type type
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_connect_t:
+        void* data
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_getaddrinfo_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_getnameinfo_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_write_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_shutdown_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_process_t:
+        void* data
+        int pid
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_fs_event_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_req_type:
+        UV_UNKNOWN_REQ = 0,
+        UV_REQ,
+        UV_CONNECT,
+        UV_WRITE,
+        UV_SHUTDOWN,
+        UV_UDP_SEND,
+        UV_FS,
+        UV_WORK,
+        UV_GETADDRINFO,
+        UV_GETNAMEINFO,
+        UV_REQ_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+        UV_REQ_TYPE_MAX
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_run_mode:
+        UV_RUN_DEFAULT = 0,
+        UV_RUN_ONCE,
+        UV_RUN_NOWAIT
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_poll_event:
+        UV_READABLE = 1,
+        UV_WRITABLE = 2,
+        UV_DISCONNECT = 4
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_udp_flags:
+        UV_UDP_IPV6ONLY = 1,
+        UV_UDP_PARTIAL = 2
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_membership:
+        UV_LEAVE_GROUP = 0,
+        UV_JOIN_GROUP
+
+    cdef enum uv_fs_event:
+        UV_RENAME = 1,
+        UV_CHANGE = 2
+
+    const char* uv_strerror(int err)
+    const char* uv_err_name(int err)
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_walk_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle, void* arg) with gil
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_close_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_idle_cb)(uv_idle_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_check_cb)(uv_check_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_signal_cb)(uv_signal_t* handle, int signum) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_async_cb)(uv_async_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_timer_cb)(uv_timer_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_connection_cb)(uv_stream_t* server, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_alloc_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle,
+                                 size_t suggested_size,
+                                 uv_buf_t* buf) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_read_cb)(uv_stream_t* stream,
+                                ssize_t nread,
+                                const uv_buf_t* buf) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_write_cb)(uv_write_t* req, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_getaddrinfo_cb)(uv_getaddrinfo_t* req,
+                                       int status,
+                                       system.addrinfo* res) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_getnameinfo_cb)(uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
+                                       int status,
+                                       const char* hostname,
+                                       const char* service) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_shutdown_cb)(uv_shutdown_t* req, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_poll_cb)(uv_poll_t* handle,
+                                int status, int events) with gil
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_connect_cb)(uv_connect_t* req, int status) with gil
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_udp_send_cb)(uv_udp_send_t* req, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_udp_recv_cb)(uv_udp_t* handle,
+                                    ssize_t nread,
+                                    const uv_buf_t* buf,
+                                    const system.sockaddr* addr,
+                                    unsigned flags) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_fs_event_cb)(uv_fs_event_t* handle,
+                                    const char *filename,
+                                    int events,
+                                    int status) with gil
+
+    # Generic request functions
+    int uv_cancel(uv_req_t* req)
+
+    # Generic handler functions
+    int uv_is_active(const uv_handle_t* handle)
+    void uv_close(uv_handle_t* handle, uv_close_cb close_cb)
+    int uv_is_closing(const uv_handle_t* handle)
+    int uv_fileno(const uv_handle_t* handle, uv_os_fd_t* fd)
+    void uv_walk(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_walk_cb walk_cb, void* arg)
+
+    # Loop functions
+    int uv_loop_init(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    int uv_loop_close(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    int uv_loop_alive(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    int uv_loop_fork(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    uv_os_fd_t uv_backend_fd(uv_loop_t* loop)
+
+    void uv_update_time(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    uint64_t uv_now(const uv_loop_t*)
+
+    int uv_run(uv_loop_t*, uv_run_mode mode) nogil
+    void uv_stop(uv_loop_t*)
+
+    # Idle handler
+    int uv_idle_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_idle_t* idle)
+    int uv_idle_start(uv_idle_t* idle, uv_idle_cb cb)
+    int uv_idle_stop(uv_idle_t* idle)
+
+    # Check handler
+    int uv_check_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_check_t* idle)
+    int uv_check_start(uv_check_t* check, uv_check_cb cb)
+    int uv_check_stop(uv_check_t* check)
+
+    # Signal handler
+    int uv_signal_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_signal_t* handle)
+    int uv_signal_start(uv_signal_t* handle,
+                        uv_signal_cb signal_cb,
+                        int signum)
+    int uv_signal_stop(uv_signal_t* handle)
+
+    # Async handler
+    int uv_async_init(uv_loop_t*,
+                      uv_async_t* async_,
+                      uv_async_cb async_cb)
+    int uv_async_send(uv_async_t* async_)
+
+    # Timer handler
+    int uv_timer_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_timer_t* handle)
+    int uv_timer_start(uv_timer_t* handle,
+                       uv_timer_cb cb,
+                       uint64_t timeout,
+                       uint64_t repeat)
+    int uv_timer_stop(uv_timer_t* handle)
+
+    # DNS
+    int uv_getaddrinfo(uv_loop_t* loop,
+                       uv_getaddrinfo_t* req,
+                       uv_getaddrinfo_cb getaddrinfo_cb,
+                       const char* node,
+                       const char* service,
+                       const system.addrinfo* hints)
+
+    void uv_freeaddrinfo(system.addrinfo* ai)
+
+    int uv_getnameinfo(uv_loop_t* loop,
+                       uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
+                       uv_getnameinfo_cb getnameinfo_cb,
+                       const system.sockaddr* addr,
+                       int flags)
+
+    int uv_ip4_name(const system.sockaddr_in* src, char* dst, size_t size)
+    int uv_ip6_name(const system.sockaddr_in6* src, char* dst, size_t size)
+
+    # Streams
+
+    int uv_listen(uv_stream_t* stream, int backlog, uv_connection_cb cb)
+    int uv_accept(uv_stream_t* server, uv_stream_t* client)
+    int uv_read_start(uv_stream_t* stream,
+                      uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+                      uv_read_cb read_cb)
+    int uv_read_stop(uv_stream_t*)
+    int uv_write(uv_write_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle,
+                 uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs, uv_write_cb cb)
+
+    int uv_try_write(uv_stream_t* handle, uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs)
+
+    int uv_shutdown(uv_shutdown_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle, uv_shutdown_cb cb)
+
+    int uv_is_readable(const uv_stream_t* handle)
+    int uv_is_writable(const uv_stream_t* handle)
+
+    # TCP
+
+    int uv_tcp_init_ex(uv_loop_t*, uv_tcp_t* handle, unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_tcp_nodelay(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable)
+    int uv_tcp_keepalive(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable, unsigned int delay)
+    int uv_tcp_open(uv_tcp_t* handle, uv_os_sock_t sock)
+    int uv_tcp_bind(uv_tcp_t* handle, system.sockaddr* addr,
+                    unsigned int flags)
+
+    int uv_tcp_getsockname(const uv_tcp_t* handle, system.sockaddr* name,
+                           int* namelen)
+    int uv_tcp_getpeername(const uv_tcp_t* handle, system.sockaddr* name,
+                           int* namelen)
+
+    int uv_tcp_connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_tcp_t* handle,
+                       const system.sockaddr* addr, uv_connect_cb cb)
+
+    # Pipes
+
+    int uv_pipe_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_pipe_t* handle, int ipc)
+    int uv_pipe_open(uv_pipe_t* handle, uv_os_fd_t file)
+    int uv_pipe_bind(uv_pipe_t* handle, const char* name)
+
+    void uv_pipe_connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_pipe_t* handle,
+                         const char* name, uv_connect_cb cb)
+
+    # UDP
+
+    int uv_udp_init_ex(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_udp_t* handle, unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_udp_connect(uv_udp_t* handle, const system.sockaddr* addr)
+    int uv_udp_open(uv_udp_t* handle, uv_os_sock_t sock)
+    int uv_udp_bind(uv_udp_t* handle, const system.sockaddr* addr,
+                    unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_udp_send(uv_udp_send_t* req, uv_udp_t* handle,
+                    const uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs,
+                    const system.sockaddr* addr, uv_udp_send_cb send_cb)
+    int uv_udp_try_send(uv_udp_t* handle,
+                        const uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs,
+                        const system.sockaddr* addr)
+    int uv_udp_recv_start(uv_udp_t* handle, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+                          uv_udp_recv_cb recv_cb)
+    int uv_udp_recv_stop(uv_udp_t* handle)
+    int uv_udp_set_broadcast(uv_udp_t* handle, int on)
+
+    # Polling
+
+    int uv_poll_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_poll_t* handle, int fd)
+    int uv_poll_init_socket(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_poll_t* handle,
+                            uv_os_sock_t socket)
+    int uv_poll_start(uv_poll_t* handle, int events, uv_poll_cb cb)
+    int uv_poll_stop(uv_poll_t* poll)
+
+    # FS Event
+
+    int uv_fs_event_init(uv_loop_t *loop, uv_fs_event_t *handle)
+    int uv_fs_event_start(uv_fs_event_t *handle, uv_fs_event_cb cb,
+                          const char *path, unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_fs_event_stop(uv_fs_event_t *handle)
+
+    # Misc
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_timeval_t:
+        long tv_sec
+        long tv_usec
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_rusage_t:
+        uv_timeval_t ru_utime   # user CPU time used
+        uv_timeval_t ru_stime   # system CPU time used
+        uint64_t ru_maxrss      # maximum resident set size
+        uint64_t ru_ixrss       # integral shared memory size
+        uint64_t ru_idrss       # integral unshared data size
+        uint64_t ru_isrss       # integral unshared stack size
+        uint64_t ru_minflt      # page reclaims (soft page faults)
+        uint64_t ru_majflt      # page faults (hard page faults)
+        uint64_t ru_nswap       # swaps
+        uint64_t ru_inblock     # block input operations
+        uint64_t ru_oublock     # block output operations
+        uint64_t ru_msgsnd      # IPC messages sent
+        uint64_t ru_msgrcv      # IPC messages received
+        uint64_t ru_nsignals    # signals received
+        uint64_t ru_nvcsw       # voluntary context switches
+        uint64_t ru_nivcsw      # involuntary context switches
+
+    int uv_getrusage(uv_rusage_t* rusage)
+
+    int uv_ip4_addr(const char* ip, int port, system.sockaddr_in* addr)
+    int uv_ip6_addr(const char* ip, int port, system.sockaddr_in6* addr)
+
+    # Memory Allocation
+
+    ctypedef void* (*uv_malloc_func)(size_t size)
+    ctypedef void* (*uv_realloc_func)(void* ptr, size_t size)
+    ctypedef void* (*uv_calloc_func)(size_t count, size_t size)
+    ctypedef void (*uv_free_func)(void* ptr)
+
+    int uv_replace_allocator(uv_malloc_func malloc_func,
+                             uv_realloc_func realloc_func,
+                             uv_calloc_func calloc_func,
+                             uv_free_func free_func)
+
+    # Process
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_exit_cb)(uv_process_t*, int64_t exit_status,
+                                int term_signal) with gil
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_process_flags:
+        UV_PROCESS_SETUID = 1,
+        UV_PROCESS_SETGID = 2,
+        UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_VERBATIM_ARGUMENTS = 4,
+        UV_PROCESS_DETACHED = 8,
+        UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_HIDE = 16
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_stdio_flags:
+        UV_IGNORE = 0x00,
+        UV_CREATE_PIPE = 0x01,
+        UV_INHERIT_FD = 0x02,
+        UV_INHERIT_STREAM = 0x04,
+        UV_READABLE_PIPE = 0x10,
+        UV_WRITABLE_PIPE = 0x20
+
+    ctypedef union uv_stdio_container_data_u:
+        uv_stream_t* stream
+        int fd
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_stdio_container_t:
+        uv_stdio_flags flags
+        uv_stdio_container_data_u data
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_process_options_t:
+        uv_exit_cb exit_cb
+        char* file
+        char** args
+        char** env
+        char* cwd
+        unsigned int flags
+        int stdio_count
+        uv_stdio_container_t* stdio
+        uid_t uid
+        gid_t gid
+
+    int uv_spawn(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_process_t* handle,
+                 const uv_process_options_t* options)
+
+    int uv_process_kill(uv_process_t* handle, int signum)
+
+    unsigned int uv_version()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6ca8729
Binary files /dev/null and b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01e39ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# cython: language_level=3
+
+
+from .includes cimport uv
+from .includes cimport system
+
+from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t, uint32_t, int64_t
+
+
+include "includes/consts.pxi"
+
+
+cdef extern from *:
+    ctypedef int vint "volatile int"
+
+
+cdef class UVHandle
+cdef class UVSocketHandle(UVHandle)
+
+cdef class UVAsync(UVHandle)
+cdef class UVTimer(UVHandle)
+cdef class UVIdle(UVHandle)
+
+cdef class UVBaseTransport(UVSocketHandle)
+
+ctypedef object (*method_t)(object)
+ctypedef object (*method1_t)(object, object)
+ctypedef object (*method2_t)(object, object, object)
+ctypedef object (*method3_t)(object, object, object, object)
+
+
+cdef class Loop:
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_loop_t *uvloop
+
+        bint _coroutine_debug_set
+        int _coroutine_origin_tracking_saved_depth
+
+        public slow_callback_duration
+
+        readonly bint _closed
+        bint _debug
+        bint _running
+        bint _stopping
+
+        uint64_t _thread_id
+
+        object _task_factory
+        object _exception_handler
+        object _default_executor
+        object _ready
+        set _queued_streams, _executing_streams
+        Py_ssize_t _ready_len
+
+        set _servers
+
+        object _transports
+        set _processes
+        dict _fd_to_reader_fileobj
+        dict _fd_to_writer_fileobj
+        dict _unix_server_sockets
+
+        set _signals
+        dict _signal_handlers
+        object _ssock
+        object _csock
+        bint _listening_signals
+        int _old_signal_wakeup_id
+
+        set _timers
+        dict _polls
+
+        UVProcess active_process_handler
+
+        UVAsync handler_async
+        UVIdle handler_idle
+        UVCheck handler_check__exec_writes
+
+        object _last_error
+
+        cdef object __weakref__
+
+        object _asyncgens
+        bint _asyncgens_shutdown_called
+
+        bint _executor_shutdown_called
+
+        char _recv_buffer[UV_STREAM_RECV_BUF_SIZE]
+        bint _recv_buffer_in_use
+
+        # DEBUG fields
+        # True when compiled with DEBUG.
+        # Used only in unittests.
+        readonly bint _debug_cc
+
+        readonly object _debug_handles_total
+        readonly object _debug_handles_closed
+        readonly object _debug_handles_current
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_uv_handles_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_uv_handles_freed
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_handles_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_handles_count
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_timer_handles_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_timer_handles_count
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_listen_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_cb_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_eof_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_tries
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_ctx_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_read_events_total
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_read_cb_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_write_events_total
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_write_cb_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _sock_try_write_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_exception_handler_cnt
+
+    cdef _init_debug_fields(self)
+
+    cdef _on_wake(self)
+    cdef _on_idle(self)
+
+    cdef __run(self, uv.uv_run_mode)
+    cdef _run(self, uv.uv_run_mode)
+
+    cdef _close(self)
+    cdef _stop(self, exc)
+    cdef uint64_t _time(self)
+
+    cdef inline _queue_write(self, UVStream stream)
+    cdef _exec_queued_writes(self)
+
+    cdef inline _call_soon(self, object callback, object args, object context)
+    cdef inline _append_ready_handle(self, Handle handle)
+    cdef inline _call_soon_handle(self, Handle handle)
+
+    cdef _call_later(self, uint64_t delay, object callback, object args,
+                     object context)
+
+    cdef void _handle_exception(self, object ex)
+
+    cdef inline _is_main_thread(self)
+
+    cdef inline _new_future(self)
+    cdef inline _check_signal(self, sig)
+    cdef inline _check_closed(self)
+    cdef inline _check_thread(self)
+
+    cdef _getaddrinfo(self, object host, object port,
+                      int family, int type,
+                      int proto, int flags,
+                      int unpack)
+
+    cdef _getnameinfo(self, system.sockaddr *addr, int flags)
+
+    cdef _track_transport(self, UVBaseTransport transport)
+    cdef _fileobj_to_fd(self, fileobj)
+    cdef _ensure_fd_no_transport(self, fd)
+
+    cdef _track_process(self, UVProcess proc)
+    cdef _untrack_process(self, UVProcess proc)
+
+    cdef _add_reader(self, fd, Handle handle)
+    cdef _has_reader(self, fd)
+    cdef _remove_reader(self, fd)
+
+    cdef _add_writer(self, fd, Handle handle)
+    cdef _has_writer(self, fd)
+    cdef _remove_writer(self, fd)
+
+    cdef _sock_recv(self, fut, sock, n)
+    cdef _sock_recv_into(self, fut, sock, buf)
+    cdef _sock_sendall(self, fut, sock, data)
+    cdef _sock_accept(self, fut, sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_connect(self, sock, address)
+    cdef _sock_connect_cb(self, fut, sock, address)
+
+    cdef _sock_set_reuseport(self, int fd)
+
+    cdef _setup_or_resume_signals(self)
+    cdef _shutdown_signals(self)
+    cdef _pause_signals(self)
+
+    cdef _handle_signal(self, sig)
+    cdef _read_from_self(self)
+    cdef inline _ceval_process_signals(self)
+    cdef _invoke_signals(self, bytes data)
+
+    cdef _set_coroutine_debug(self, bint enabled)
+
+    cdef _print_debug_info(self)
+
+
+include "cbhandles.pxd"
+
+include "handles/handle.pxd"
+include "handles/async_.pxd"
+include "handles/idle.pxd"
+include "handles/check.pxd"
+include "handles/timer.pxd"
+include "handles/poll.pxd"
+include "handles/basetransport.pxd"
+include "handles/stream.pxd"
+include "handles/streamserver.pxd"
+include "handles/tcp.pxd"
+include "handles/pipe.pxd"
+include "handles/process.pxd"
+include "handles/fsevent.pxd"
+
+include "request.pxd"
+include "sslproto.pxd"
+
+include "handles/udp.pxd"
+
+include "server.pxd"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c8c462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import asyncio
+import ssl
+import sys
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, _Address, _RetAddress, socket
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Any,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+_Context = Dict[str, Any]
+_ExceptionHandler = Callable[[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, _Context], Any]
+_SSLContext = Union[bool, None, ssl.SSLContext]
+_ProtocolT = TypeVar("_ProtocolT", bound=asyncio.BaseProtocol)
+
+class Loop:
+    def call_soon(
+        self, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.Handle: ...
+    def call_soon_threadsafe(
+        self, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.Handle: ...
+    def call_later(
+        self, delay: float, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.TimerHandle: ...
+    def call_at(
+        self, when: float, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.TimerHandle: ...
+    def time(self) -> float: ...
+    def stop(self) -> None: ...
+    def run_forever(self) -> None: ...
+    def close(self) -> None: ...
+    def get_debug(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_debug(self, enabled: bool) -> None: ...
+    def is_running(self) -> bool: ...
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool: ...
+    def create_future(self) -> asyncio.Future[Any]: ...
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Union[Awaitable[_T], Generator[Any, None, _T]],
+        *,
+        name: Optional[str] = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.Task[_T]: ...
+    def set_task_factory(
+        self,
+        factory: Optional[
+            Callable[[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Generator[Any, None, _T]], asyncio.Future[_T]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def get_task_factory(
+        self,
+    ) -> Optional[
+        Callable[[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Generator[Any, None, _T]], asyncio.Future[_T]]
+    ]: ...
+    @overload
+    def run_until_complete(self, future: Generator[Any, None, _T]) -> _T: ...
+    @overload
+    def run_until_complete(self, future: Awaitable[_T]) -> _T: ...
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        self,
+        host: Optional[Union[str, bytes]],
+        port: Optional[Union[str, bytes, int]],
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        type: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+    ) -> List[
+        Tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            Union[Tuple[str, int], Tuple[str, int, int, int]],
+        ]
+    ]: ...
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        self,
+        sockaddr: Union[
+            Tuple[str, int],
+            Tuple[str, int, int],
+            Tuple[str, int, int, int]
+        ],
+        flags: int = ...,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]: ...
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        transport: asyncio.BaseTransport,
+        protocol: asyncio.BaseProtocol,
+        sslcontext: ssl.SSLContext,
+        *,
+        server_side: bool = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.BaseTransport: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_server(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: asyncio.events._ProtocolFactory,
+        host: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = ...,
+        port: int = ...,
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: None = ...,
+        backlog: int = ...,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        reuse_address: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        reuse_port: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        start_serving: bool = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.AbstractServer: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_server(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: asyncio.events._ProtocolFactory,
+        host: None = ...,
+        port: None = ...,
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: socket = ...,
+        backlog: int = ...,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        reuse_address: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        reuse_port: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        start_serving: bool = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.AbstractServer: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_connection(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        host: str = ...,
+        port: int = ...,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        family: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: None = ...,
+        local_addr: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_connection(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        host: None = ...,
+        port: None = ...,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        family: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: socket,
+        local_addr: None = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def create_unix_server(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: asyncio.events._ProtocolFactory,
+        path: Optional[str] = ...,
+        *,
+        backlog: int = ...,
+        sock: Optional[socket] = ...,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        start_serving: bool = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.AbstractServer: ...
+    async def create_unix_connection(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        path: Optional[str] = ...,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        sock: Optional[socket] = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    def default_exception_handler(self, context: _Context) -> None: ...
+    def get_exception_handler(self) -> Optional[_ExceptionHandler]: ...
+    def set_exception_handler(self, handler: Optional[_ExceptionHandler]) -> None: ...
+    def call_exception_handler(self, context: _Context) -> None: ...
+    def add_reader(self, fd: Any, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any) -> None: ...
+    def remove_reader(self, fd: Any) -> None: ...
+    def add_writer(self, fd: Any, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any) -> None: ...
+    def remove_writer(self, fd: Any) -> None: ...
+    async def sock_recv(self, sock: socket, nbytes: int) -> bytes: ...
+    async def sock_recv_into(self, sock: socket, buf: bytearray) -> int: ...
+    async def sock_sendall(self, sock: socket, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    async def sock_accept(self, sock: socket) -> Tuple[socket, _RetAddress]: ...
+    async def sock_connect(self, sock: socket, address: _Address) -> None: ...
+    async def sock_recvfrom(self, sock: socket, bufsize: int) -> bytes: ...
+    async def sock_recvfrom_into(self, sock: socket, buf: bytearray, nbytes: int = ...) -> int: ...
+    async def sock_sendto(self, sock: socket, data: bytes, address: _Address) -> None: ...
+    async def connect_accepted_socket(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        sock: socket,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def run_in_executor(
+        self, executor: Any, func: Callable[..., _T], *args: Any
+    ) -> _T: ...
+    def set_default_executor(self, executor: Any) -> None: ...
+    async def subprocess_shell(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        cmd: Union[bytes, str],
+        *,
+        stdin: Any = ...,
+        stdout: Any = ...,
+        stderr: Any = ...,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def subprocess_exec(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        *args: Any,
+        stdin: Any = ...,
+        stdout: Any = ...,
+        stderr: Any = ...,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def connect_read_pipe(
+        self, protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT], pipe: Any
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def connect_write_pipe(
+        self, protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT], pipe: Any
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    def add_signal_handler(
+        self, sig: int, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def remove_signal_handler(self, sig: int) -> bool: ...
+    async def create_datagram_endpoint(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        local_addr: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = ...,
+        remote_addr: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = ...,
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        reuse_address: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        reuse_port: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        allow_broadcast: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        sock: Optional[socket] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def shutdown_asyncgens(self) -> None: ...
+    async def shutdown_default_executor(
+        self,
+        timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    # Loop doesn't implement these, but since they are marked as abstract in typeshed,
+    # we have to put them in so mypy thinks the base methods are overridden
+    async def sendfile(
+        self,
+        transport: asyncio.BaseTransport,
+        file: IO[bytes],
+        offset: int = ...,
+        count: Optional[int] = ...,
+        *,
+        fallback: bool = ...,
+    ) -> int: ...
+    async def sock_sendfile(
+        self,
+        sock: socket,
+        file: IO[bytes],
+        offset: int = ...,
+        count: Optional[int] = ...,
+        *,
+        fallback: bool = ...
+    ) -> int: ...
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ed1f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,3424 @@
+# cython: language_level=3, embedsignature=True, freethreading_compatible=True
+
+import asyncio
+cimport cython
+
+from .includes.debug cimport UVLOOP_DEBUG
+from .includes cimport uv
+from .includes cimport system
+from .includes.python cimport (
+    PY_VERSION_HEX,
+    PyMem_RawMalloc, PyMem_RawFree,
+    PyMem_RawCalloc, PyMem_RawRealloc,
+    PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault,
+    PyErr_SetInterrupt,
+    _Py_RestoreSignals,
+    Context_CopyCurrent,
+    Context_Enter,
+    Context_Exit,
+    PyMemoryView_FromMemory, PyBUF_WRITE,
+    PyMemoryView_FromObject, PyMemoryView_Check,
+    PyOS_AfterFork_Parent, PyOS_AfterFork_Child,
+    PyOS_BeforeFork,
+    PyUnicode_FromString
+)
+from .includes.flowcontrol cimport add_flowcontrol_defaults
+
+from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t
+from libc.string cimport memset, strerror, memcpy
+from libc cimport errno
+
+from cpython cimport PyObject
+from cpython cimport PyErr_CheckSignals, PyErr_Occurred
+from cpython cimport PyThread_get_thread_ident
+from cpython cimport Py_INCREF, Py_DECREF, Py_XDECREF, Py_XINCREF
+from cpython cimport (
+    PyObject_GetBuffer, PyBuffer_Release, PyBUF_SIMPLE,
+    Py_buffer, PyBytes_AsString, PyBytes_CheckExact,
+    PyBytes_AsStringAndSize,
+    Py_SIZE, PyBytes_AS_STRING, PyBUF_WRITABLE
+)
+from cpython.pycapsule cimport PyCapsule_New, PyCapsule_GetPointer
+
+from . import _noop
+
+
+include "includes/stdlib.pxi"
+
+include "errors.pyx"
+
+cdef:
+    int PY39 = PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000
+    int PY311 = PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030b0000
+    int PY313 = PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030d0000
+    uint64_t MAX_SLEEP = 3600 * 24 * 365 * 100
+
+
+cdef _is_sock_stream(sock_type):
+    if SOCK_NONBLOCK == -1:
+        return sock_type == uv.SOCK_STREAM
+    else:
+        # Linux's socket.type is a bitmask that can include extra info
+        # about socket (like SOCK_NONBLOCK bit), therefore we can't do simple
+        # `sock_type == socket.SOCK_STREAM`, see
+        # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v4.13/include/linux/net.h#L77
+        # for more details.
+        return (sock_type & 0xF) == uv.SOCK_STREAM
+
+
+cdef _is_sock_dgram(sock_type):
+    if SOCK_NONBLOCK == -1:
+        return sock_type == uv.SOCK_DGRAM
+    else:
+        # Read the comment in `_is_sock_stream`.
+        return (sock_type & 0xF) == uv.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+
+cdef isfuture(obj):
+    if aio_isfuture is None:
+        return isinstance(obj, aio_Future)
+    else:
+        return aio_isfuture(obj)
+
+
+cdef inline socket_inc_io_ref(sock):
+    if isinstance(sock, socket_socket):
+        sock._io_refs += 1
+
+
+cdef inline socket_dec_io_ref(sock):
+    if isinstance(sock, socket_socket):
+        sock._decref_socketios()
+
+
+cdef inline run_in_context(context, method):
+    # This method is internally used to workaround a reference issue that in
+    # certain circumstances, inlined context.run() will not hold a reference to
+    # the given method instance, which - if deallocated - will cause segfault.
+    # See also: edgedb/edgedb#2222
+    Py_INCREF(method)
+    try:
+        return context.run(method)
+    finally:
+        Py_DECREF(method)
+
+
+cdef inline run_in_context1(context, method, arg):
+    Py_INCREF(method)
+    try:
+        return context.run(method, arg)
+    finally:
+        Py_DECREF(method)
+
+
+cdef inline run_in_context2(context, method, arg1, arg2):
+    Py_INCREF(method)
+    try:
+        return context.run(method, arg1, arg2)
+    finally:
+        Py_DECREF(method)
+
+
+# Used for deprecation and removal of `loop.create_datagram_endpoint()`'s
+# *reuse_address* parameter
+_unset = object()
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class Loop:
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        # Install PyMem* memory allocators if they aren't installed yet.
+        __install_pymem()
+
+        # Install pthread_atfork handlers
+        __install_atfork()
+
+        self.uvloop = <uv.uv_loop_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_loop_t))
+        if self.uvloop is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        self.slow_callback_duration = 0.1
+
+        self._closed = 0
+        self._debug = 0
+        self._thread_id = 0
+        self._running = 0
+        self._stopping = 0
+
+        self._transports = weakref_WeakValueDictionary()
+        self._processes = set()
+
+        # Used to keep a reference (and hence keep the fileobj alive)
+        # for as long as its registered by add_reader or add_writer.
+        # This is how the selector module and hence asyncio behaves.
+        self._fd_to_reader_fileobj = {}
+        self._fd_to_writer_fileobj = {}
+
+        self._unix_server_sockets = {}
+
+        self._timers = set()
+        self._polls = {}
+
+        self._recv_buffer_in_use = 0
+
+        err = uv.uv_loop_init(self.uvloop)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+        self.uvloop.data = <void*> self
+
+        self._init_debug_fields()
+
+        self.active_process_handler = None
+
+        self._last_error = None
+
+        self._task_factory = None
+        self._exception_handler = None
+        self._default_executor = None
+
+        self._queued_streams = set()
+        self._executing_streams = set()
+        self._ready = col_deque()
+        self._ready_len = 0
+
+        self.handler_async = UVAsync.new(
+            self, <method_t>self._on_wake, self)
+
+        self.handler_idle = UVIdle.new(
+            self,
+            new_MethodHandle(
+                self, "loop._on_idle", <method_t>self._on_idle, None, self))
+
+        # Needed to call `UVStream._exec_write` for writes scheduled
+        # during `Protocol.data_received`.
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes = UVCheck.new(
+            self,
+            new_MethodHandle(
+                self, "loop._exec_queued_writes",
+                <method_t>self._exec_queued_writes, None, self))
+
+        self._signals = set()
+        self._ssock = self._csock = None
+        self._signal_handlers = {}
+        self._listening_signals = False
+        self._old_signal_wakeup_id = -1
+
+        self._coroutine_debug_set = False
+
+        # A weak set of all asynchronous generators that are
+        # being iterated by the loop.
+        self._asyncgens = weakref_WeakSet()
+
+        # Set to True when `loop.shutdown_asyncgens` is called.
+        self._asyncgens_shutdown_called = False
+        # Set to True when `loop.shutdown_default_executor` is called.
+        self._executor_shutdown_called = False
+
+        self._servers = set()
+
+    cdef inline _is_main_thread(self):
+        cdef uint64_t main_thread_id = system.MAIN_THREAD_ID
+        if system.MAIN_THREAD_ID_SET == 0:
+            main_thread_id = <uint64_t>threading_main_thread().ident
+            system.setMainThreadID(main_thread_id)
+        return main_thread_id == PyThread_get_thread_ident()
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.set_debug(
+            sys_dev_mode or (not sys_ignore_environment
+                             and bool(os_environ.get('PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG'))))
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if self._running == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('deallocating a running event loop!')
+        if self._closed == 0:
+            aio_logger.error("deallocating an open event loop")
+            return
+        PyMem_RawFree(self.uvloop)
+        self.uvloop = NULL
+
+    cdef _init_debug_fields(self):
+        self._debug_cc = bool(UVLOOP_DEBUG)
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self._debug_handles_current = col_Counter()
+            self._debug_handles_closed = col_Counter()
+            self._debug_handles_total = col_Counter()
+        else:
+            self._debug_handles_current = None
+            self._debug_handles_closed = None
+            self._debug_handles_total = None
+
+        self._debug_uv_handles_total = 0
+        self._debug_uv_handles_freed = 0
+
+        self._debug_stream_read_cb_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_eof_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_listen_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_stream_write_tries = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_ctx_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_cb_handles_total = 0
+        self._debug_cb_handles_count = 0
+
+        self._debug_cb_timer_handles_total = 0
+        self._debug_cb_timer_handles_count = 0
+
+        self._poll_read_events_total = 0
+        self._poll_read_cb_errors_total = 0
+        self._poll_write_events_total = 0
+        self._poll_write_cb_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._sock_try_write_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_exception_handler_cnt = 0
+
+    cdef _setup_or_resume_signals(self):
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            return
+
+        if self._listening_signals:
+            raise RuntimeError('signals handling has been already setup')
+
+        if self._ssock is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError('self-pipe exists before loop run')
+
+        # Create a self-pipe and call set_signal_wakeup_fd() with one
+        # of its ends.  This is needed so that libuv knows that it needs
+        # to wakeup on ^C (no matter if the SIGINT handler is still the
+        # standard Python's one or or user set their own.)
+
+        self._ssock, self._csock = socket_socketpair()
+        try:
+            self._ssock.setblocking(False)
+            self._csock.setblocking(False)
+
+            fileno = self._csock.fileno()
+
+            self._old_signal_wakeup_id = _set_signal_wakeup_fd(fileno)
+        except Exception:
+            # Out of all statements in the try block, only the
+            # "_set_signal_wakeup_fd()" call can fail, but it shouldn't,
+            # as we ensure that the current thread is the main thread.
+            # Still, if something goes horribly wrong we want to clean up
+            # the socket pair.
+            self._ssock.close()
+            self._csock.close()
+            self._ssock = None
+            self._csock = None
+            raise
+
+        self._add_reader(
+            self._ssock,
+            new_MethodHandle(
+                self,
+                "Loop._read_from_self",
+                <method_t>self._read_from_self,
+                None,
+                self))
+
+        self._listening_signals = True
+
+    cdef _pause_signals(self):
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            if self._listening_signals:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'cannot pause signals handling; no longer running in '
+                    'the main thread')
+            else:
+                return
+
+        if not self._listening_signals:
+            raise RuntimeError('signals handling has not been setup')
+
+        self._listening_signals = False
+
+        _set_signal_wakeup_fd(self._old_signal_wakeup_id)
+
+        self._remove_reader(self._ssock)
+        self._ssock.close()
+        self._csock.close()
+        self._ssock = None
+        self._csock = None
+
+    cdef _shutdown_signals(self):
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            if self._signal_handlers:
+                aio_logger.warning(
+                    'cannot cleanup signal handlers: closing the event loop '
+                    'in a non-main OS thread')
+            return
+
+        if self._listening_signals:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'cannot shutdown signals handling as it has not been paused')
+
+        if self._ssock:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'self-pipe was not cleaned up after loop was run')
+
+        for sig in list(self._signal_handlers):
+            self.remove_signal_handler(sig)
+
+    def __sighandler(self, signum, frame):
+        self._signals.add(signum)
+
+    cdef inline _ceval_process_signals(self):
+        # Invoke CPython eval loop to let process signals.
+        PyErr_CheckSignals()
+        # Calling a pure-Python function will invoke
+        # _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault which will process
+        # pending signal callbacks.
+        _noop.noop()  # Might raise ^C
+
+    cdef _read_from_self(self):
+        cdef bytes sigdata
+        sigdata = b''
+        while True:
+            try:
+                data = self._ssock.recv(65536)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                sigdata += data
+            except InterruptedError:
+                continue
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                break
+        if sigdata:
+            self._invoke_signals(sigdata)
+
+    cdef _invoke_signals(self, bytes data):
+        cdef set sigs
+
+        self._ceval_process_signals()
+
+        sigs = self._signals.copy()
+        self._signals.clear()
+        for signum in data:
+            if not signum:
+                # ignore null bytes written by set_wakeup_fd()
+                continue
+            sigs.discard(signum)
+            self._handle_signal(signum)
+
+        for signum in sigs:
+            # Since not all signals are registered by add_signal_handler()
+            # (for instance, we use the default SIGINT handler) not all
+            # signals will trigger loop.__sighandler() callback.  Therefore
+            # we combine two datasources: one is self-pipe, one is data
+            # from __sighandler; this ensures that signals shouldn't be
+            # lost even if set_wakeup_fd() couldn't write to the self-pipe.
+            self._handle_signal(signum)
+
+    cdef _handle_signal(self, sig):
+        cdef Handle handle
+
+        try:
+            handle = <Handle>(self._signal_handlers[sig])
+        except KeyError:
+            handle = None
+
+        if handle is None:
+            self._ceval_process_signals()
+            return
+
+        if handle._cancelled:
+            self.remove_signal_handler(sig)  # Remove it properly.
+        else:
+            self._append_ready_handle(handle)
+            self.handler_async.send()
+
+    cdef _on_wake(self):
+        if ((self._ready_len > 0 or self._stopping) and
+                not self.handler_idle.running):
+            self.handler_idle.start()
+
+    cdef _on_idle(self):
+        cdef:
+            int i, ntodo
+            object popleft = self._ready.popleft
+            Handle handler
+
+        ntodo = len(self._ready)
+        if self._debug:
+            for i from 0 <= i < ntodo:
+                handler = <Handle> popleft()
+                if handler._cancelled == 0:
+                    try:
+                        started = time_monotonic()
+                        handler._run()
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        self._stop(ex)
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        delta = time_monotonic() - started
+                        if delta > self.slow_callback_duration:
+                            aio_logger.warning(
+                                'Executing %s took %.3f seconds',
+                                handler._format_handle(), delta)
+
+        else:
+            for i from 0 <= i < ntodo:
+                handler = <Handle> popleft()
+                if handler._cancelled == 0:
+                    try:
+                        handler._run()
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        self._stop(ex)
+                        return
+
+        if len(self._queued_streams):
+            self._exec_queued_writes()
+
+        self._ready_len = len(self._ready)
+        if self._ready_len == 0 and self.handler_idle.running:
+            self.handler_idle.stop()
+
+        if self._stopping:
+            uv.uv_stop(self.uvloop)  # void
+
+    cdef _stop(self, exc):
+        if exc is not None:
+            self._last_error = exc
+        if self._stopping == 1:
+            return
+        self._stopping = 1
+        if not self.handler_idle.running:
+            self.handler_idle.start()
+
+    cdef __run(self, uv.uv_run_mode mode):
+        # Although every UVHandle holds a reference to the loop,
+        # we want to do everything to ensure that the loop will
+        # never deallocate during the run -- so we do some
+        # manual refs management.
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+        with nogil:
+            err = uv.uv_run(self.uvloop, mode)
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    cdef _run(self, uv.uv_run_mode mode):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('unable to start the loop; it was closed')
+
+        if self._running == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('this event loop is already running.')
+
+        if (aio_get_running_loop is not None and
+                aio_get_running_loop() is not None):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'Cannot run the event loop while another loop is running')
+
+        # reset _last_error
+        self._last_error = None
+
+        self._thread_id = PyThread_get_thread_ident()
+        self._running = 1
+
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes.start()
+        self.handler_idle.start()
+
+        self._setup_or_resume_signals()
+
+        if aio_set_running_loop is not None:
+            aio_set_running_loop(self)
+        try:
+            self.__run(mode)
+        finally:
+            if aio_set_running_loop is not None:
+                aio_set_running_loop(None)
+
+            self.handler_check__exec_writes.stop()
+            self.handler_idle.stop()
+
+            self._pause_signals()
+
+            self._thread_id = 0
+            self._running = 0
+            self._stopping = 0
+
+        if self._last_error is not None:
+            # The loop was stopped with an error with 'loop._stop(error)' call
+            raise self._last_error
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._running == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot close a running event loop")
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = 1
+
+        for cb_handle in self._ready:
+            cb_handle.cancel()
+        self._ready.clear()
+        self._ready_len = 0
+
+        if self._polls:
+            for poll_handle in self._polls.values():
+                (<UVHandle>poll_handle)._close()
+
+            self._polls.clear()
+
+        if self._timers:
+            for timer_cbhandle in tuple(self._timers):
+                timer_cbhandle.cancel()
+
+        # Close all remaining handles
+        self.handler_async._close()
+        self.handler_idle._close()
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes._close()
+        __close_all_handles(self)
+        self._shutdown_signals()
+        # During this run there should be no open handles,
+        # so it should finish right away
+        self.__run(uv.UV_RUN_DEFAULT)
+
+        if self._fd_to_writer_fileobj:
+            for fileobj in self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.values():
+                socket_dec_io_ref(fileobj)
+            self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.clear()
+
+        if self._fd_to_reader_fileobj:
+            for fileobj in self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.values():
+                socket_dec_io_ref(fileobj)
+            self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.clear()
+
+        if self._timers:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"new timers were queued during loop closing: {self._timers}")
+
+        if self._polls:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"new poll handles were queued during loop closing: "
+                f"{self._polls}")
+
+        if self._ready:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"new callbacks were queued during loop closing: "
+                f"{self._ready}")
+
+        err = uv.uv_loop_close(self.uvloop)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self.handler_async = None
+        self.handler_idle = None
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes = None
+
+        self._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        executor = self._default_executor
+        if executor is not None:
+            self._default_executor = None
+            executor.shutdown(wait=False)
+
+    cdef uint64_t _time(self):
+        # asyncio doesn't have a time cache, neither should uvloop.
+        uv.uv_update_time(self.uvloop)  # void
+        return uv.uv_now(self.uvloop)
+
+    cdef inline _queue_write(self, UVStream stream):
+        self._queued_streams.add(stream)
+        if not self.handler_check__exec_writes.running:
+            self.handler_check__exec_writes.start()
+
+    cdef _exec_queued_writes(self):
+        if len(self._queued_streams) == 0:
+            if self.handler_check__exec_writes.running:
+                self.handler_check__exec_writes.stop()
+            return
+
+        cdef:
+            UVStream stream
+
+        streams = self._queued_streams
+        self._queued_streams = self._executing_streams
+        self._executing_streams = streams
+        try:
+            for pystream in streams:
+                stream = <UVStream>pystream
+                stream._exec_write()
+        finally:
+            streams.clear()
+
+        if self.handler_check__exec_writes.running:
+            if len(self._queued_streams) == 0:
+                self.handler_check__exec_writes.stop()
+
+    cdef inline _call_soon(self, object callback, object args, object context):
+        cdef Handle handle
+        handle = new_Handle(self, callback, args, context)
+        self._call_soon_handle(handle)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef inline _append_ready_handle(self, Handle handle):
+        self._check_closed()
+        self._ready.append(handle)
+        self._ready_len += 1
+
+    cdef inline _call_soon_handle(self, Handle handle):
+        self._append_ready_handle(handle)
+        if not self.handler_idle.running:
+            self.handler_idle.start()
+
+    cdef _call_later(self, uint64_t delay, object callback, object args,
+                     object context):
+        return TimerHandle(self, callback, args, delay, context)
+
+    cdef void _handle_exception(self, object ex):
+        if isinstance(ex, Exception):
+            self.call_exception_handler({'exception': ex})
+        else:
+            # BaseException
+            self._last_error = ex
+            # Exit ASAP
+            self._stop(None)
+
+    cdef inline _check_signal(self, sig):
+        if not isinstance(sig, int):
+            raise TypeError('sig must be an int, not {!r}'.format(sig))
+
+        if not (1 <= sig < signal_NSIG):
+            raise ValueError(
+                'sig {} out of range(1, {})'.format(sig, signal_NSIG))
+
+    cdef inline _check_closed(self):
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('Event loop is closed')
+
+    cdef inline _check_thread(self):
+        if self._thread_id == 0:
+            return
+
+        cdef uint64_t thread_id
+        thread_id = <uint64_t>PyThread_get_thread_ident()
+
+        if thread_id != self._thread_id:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Non-thread-safe operation invoked on an event loop other "
+                "than the current one")
+
+    cdef inline _new_future(self):
+        return aio_Future(loop=self)
+
+    cdef _track_transport(self, UVBaseTransport transport):
+        self._transports[transport._fileno()] = transport
+
+    cdef _track_process(self, UVProcess proc):
+        self._processes.add(proc)
+
+    cdef _untrack_process(self, UVProcess proc):
+        self._processes.discard(proc)
+
+    cdef _fileobj_to_fd(self, fileobj):
+        """Return a file descriptor from a file object.
+
+        Parameters:
+        fileobj -- file object or file descriptor
+
+        Returns:
+        corresponding file descriptor
+
+        Raises:
+        ValueError if the object is invalid
+        """
+        # Copy of the `selectors._fileobj_to_fd()` function.
+        if isinstance(fileobj, int):
+            fd = fileobj
+        else:
+            try:
+                fd = int(fileobj.fileno())
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+                raise ValueError("Invalid file object: "
+                                 "{!r}".format(fileobj)) from None
+        if fd < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid file descriptor: {}".format(fd))
+        return fd
+
+    cdef _ensure_fd_no_transport(self, fd):
+        cdef UVBaseTransport tr
+        try:
+            tr = <UVBaseTransport>(self._transports[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if tr._is_alive():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'File descriptor {!r} is used by transport {!r}'.format(
+                        fd, tr))
+
+    cdef _add_reader(self, fileobj, Handle handle):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            poll = UVPoll.new(self, fd)
+            self._polls[fd] = poll
+
+        poll.start_reading(handle)
+
+        old_fileobj = self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if old_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(old_fileobj)
+
+        self._fd_to_reader_fileobj[fd] = fileobj
+        socket_inc_io_ref(fileobj)
+
+    cdef _remove_reader(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        mapped_fileobj = self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if mapped_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(mapped_fileobj)
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        result = poll.stop_reading()
+        if not poll.is_active():
+            del self._polls[fd]
+            poll._close()
+
+        return result
+
+    cdef _has_reader(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        return poll.is_reading()
+
+    cdef _add_writer(self, fileobj, Handle handle):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            poll = UVPoll.new(self, fd)
+            self._polls[fd] = poll
+
+        poll.start_writing(handle)
+
+        old_fileobj = self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if old_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(old_fileobj)
+
+        self._fd_to_writer_fileobj[fd] = fileobj
+        socket_inc_io_ref(fileobj)
+
+    cdef _remove_writer(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        mapped_fileobj = self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if mapped_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(mapped_fileobj)
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        result = poll.stop_writing()
+        if not poll.is_active():
+            del self._polls[fd]
+            poll._close()
+
+        return result
+
+    cdef _has_writer(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        return poll.is_writing()
+
+    cdef _getaddrinfo(self, object host, object port,
+                      int family, int type,
+                      int proto, int flags,
+                      int unpack):
+
+        if isinstance(port, str):
+            port = port.encode()
+        elif isinstance(port, int):
+            port = str(port).encode()
+        if port is not None and not isinstance(port, bytes):
+            raise TypeError('port must be a str, bytes or int')
+
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            host = host.encode('idna')
+        if host is not None:
+            if not isinstance(host, bytes):
+                raise TypeError('host must be a str or bytes')
+
+        fut = self._new_future()
+
+        def callback(result):
+            if AddrInfo.isinstance(result):
+                try:
+                    if unpack == 0:
+                        data = result
+                    else:
+                        data = (<AddrInfo>result).unpack()
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    if not fut.cancelled():
+                        fut.set_exception(ex)
+                else:
+                    if not fut.cancelled():
+                        fut.set_result(data)
+            else:
+                if not fut.cancelled():
+                    fut.set_exception(result)
+
+        AddrInfoRequest(self, host, port, family, type, proto, flags, callback)
+        return fut
+
+    cdef _getnameinfo(self, system.sockaddr *addr, int flags):
+        cdef NameInfoRequest nr
+        fut = self._new_future()
+
+        def callback(result):
+            if isinstance(result, tuple):
+                fut.set_result(result)
+            else:
+                fut.set_exception(result)
+
+        nr = NameInfoRequest(self, callback)
+        nr.query(addr, flags)
+        return fut
+
+    cdef _sock_recv(self, fut, sock, n):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketReaderFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_recv is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_reader(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a reader '
+                    f'in the _sock_recv callback')
+
+        try:
+            data = sock.recv(n)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # No need to re-add the reader, let's just wait until
+            # the poll handler calls this callback again.
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(data)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_recv_into(self, fut, sock, buf):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketReaderFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_recv_into is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_reader(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a reader '
+                    f'in the _sock_recv_into callback')
+
+        try:
+            data = sock.recv_into(buf)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # No need to re-add the reader, let's just wait until
+            # the poll handler calls this callback again.
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(data)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_sendall(self, fut, sock, data):
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+            int n
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketWriterFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_sendall is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_writer(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a writer '
+                    f'in the _sock_sendall callback')
+
+        try:
+            n = sock.send(data)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # Try next time.
+            return
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_writer(sock)
+            return
+
+        self._remove_writer(sock)
+
+        if n == len(data):
+            fut.set_result(None)
+        else:
+            if n:
+                if not isinstance(data, memoryview):
+                    data = memoryview(data)
+                data = data[n:]
+
+            handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+                self,
+                "Loop._sock_sendall",
+                <method3_t>self._sock_sendall,
+                None,
+                self,
+                fut, sock, data)
+
+            self._add_writer(sock, handle)
+
+    cdef _sock_accept(self, fut, sock):
+        try:
+            conn, address = sock.accept()
+            conn.setblocking(False)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # There is an active reader for _sock_accept, so
+            # do nothing, it will be called again.
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result((conn, address))
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_connect(self, sock, address):
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        try:
+            sock.connect(address)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            return
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketWriterFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_connect",
+            <method3_t>self._sock_connect_cb,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock, address)
+
+        self._add_writer(sock, handle)
+        return fut
+
+    cdef _sock_connect_cb(self, fut, sock, address):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketWriterFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_connect_cb is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_writer(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a writer '
+                    f'in the _sock_connect_cb callback')
+
+        try:
+            err = sock.getsockopt(uv.SOL_SOCKET, uv.SO_ERROR)
+            if err != 0:
+                # Jump to any except clause below.
+                raise OSError(err, 'Connect call failed %s' % (address,))
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # socket is still registered, the callback will be retried later
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_writer(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            self._remove_writer(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_set_reuseport(self, int fd):
+        cdef:
+            int err = 0
+            int reuseport_flag = 1
+
+        err = system.setsockopt(
+            fd,
+            uv.SOL_SOCKET,
+            SO_REUSEPORT,
+            <char*>&reuseport_flag,
+            sizeof(reuseport_flag))
+
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(-errno.errno)
+
+    cdef _set_coroutine_debug(self, bint enabled):
+        enabled = bool(enabled)
+        if self._coroutine_debug_set == enabled:
+            return
+
+        if enabled:
+            self._coroutine_origin_tracking_saved_depth = (
+                sys.get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth())
+            sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth(
+                DEBUG_STACK_DEPTH)
+        else:
+            sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth(
+                self._coroutine_origin_tracking_saved_depth)
+
+        self._coroutine_debug_set = enabled
+
+    def _get_backend_id(self):
+        """This method is used by uvloop tests and is not part of the API."""
+        return uv.uv_backend_fd(self.uvloop)
+
+    cdef _print_debug_info(self):
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            uv.uv_rusage_t rusage
+
+        err = uv.uv_getrusage(&rusage)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        # OS
+
+        print('---- Process info: -----')
+        print('Process memory:            {}'.format(rusage.ru_maxrss))
+        print('Number of signals:         {}'.format(rusage.ru_nsignals))
+        print('')
+
+        # Loop
+
+        print('--- Loop debug info: ---')
+        print('Loop time:                 {}'.format(self.time()))
+        print('Errors logged:             {}'.format(
+            self._debug_exception_handler_cnt))
+        print()
+        print('Callback handles:          {: <8} | {}'.format(
+            self._debug_cb_handles_count,
+            self._debug_cb_handles_total))
+        print('Timer handles:             {: <8} | {}'.format(
+            self._debug_cb_timer_handles_count,
+            self._debug_cb_timer_handles_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('                        alive  | closed  |')
+        print('UVHandles               python | libuv   | total')
+        print('                        objs   | handles |')
+        print('-------------------------------+---------+---------')
+        for name in sorted(self._debug_handles_total):
+            print('    {: <18} {: >7} | {: >7} | {: >7}'.format(
+                name,
+                self._debug_handles_current[name],
+                self._debug_handles_closed[name],
+                self._debug_handles_total[name]))
+        print()
+
+        print('uv_handle_t (current: {}; freed: {}; total: {})'.format(
+            self._debug_uv_handles_total - self._debug_uv_handles_freed,
+            self._debug_uv_handles_freed,
+            self._debug_uv_handles_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('--- Streams debug info: ---')
+        print('Write errors:              {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_errors_total))
+        print('Write without poll:        {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_tries))
+        print('Write contexts:            {: <8} | {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt,
+            self._debug_stream_write_ctx_total))
+        print('Write failed callbacks:    {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total))
+        print()
+        print('Read errors:               {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_errors_total))
+        print('Read callbacks:            {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_cb_total))
+        print('Read failed callbacks:     {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total))
+        print('Read EOFs:                 {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_eof_total))
+        print('Read EOF failed callbacks: {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total))
+        print()
+        print('Listen errors:             {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_listen_errors_total))
+        print('Shutdown errors            {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('--- Polls debug info: ---')
+        print('Read events:               {}'.format(
+            self._poll_read_events_total))
+        print('Read callbacks failed:     {}'.format(
+            self._poll_read_cb_errors_total))
+        print('Write events:              {}'.format(
+            self._poll_write_events_total))
+        print('Write callbacks failed:    {}'.format(
+            self._poll_write_cb_errors_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('--- Sock ops successful on 1st try: ---')
+        print('Socket try-writes:         {}'.format(
+            self._sock_try_write_total))
+
+        print(flush=True)
+
+    property print_debug_info:
+        def __get__(self):
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                return lambda: self._print_debug_info()
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError('print_debug_info')
+
+    # Public API
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{}.{} running={} closed={} debug={}>'.format(
+            self.__class__.__module__,
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.is_running(),
+            self.is_closed(),
+            self.get_debug()
+        )
+
+    def call_soon(self, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Arrange for a callback to be called as soon as possible.
+
+        This operates as a FIFO queue: callbacks are called in the
+        order in which they are registered.  Each callback will be
+        called exactly once.
+
+        Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to
+        the callback when it is called.
+        """
+        if self._debug == 1:
+            self._check_thread()
+        if args:
+            return self._call_soon(callback, args, context)
+        else:
+            return self._call_soon(callback, None, context)
+
+    def call_soon_threadsafe(self, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Like call_soon(), but thread-safe."""
+        if not args:
+            args = None
+        cdef Handle handle = new_Handle(self, callback, args, context)
+        self._append_ready_handle(handle)  # deque append is atomic
+        # libuv async handler is thread-safe while the idle handler is not -
+        # we only set the async handler here, which will start the idle handler
+        # in _on_wake() from the loop and eventually call the callback.
+        self.handler_async.send()
+        return handle
+
+    def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Arrange for a callback to be called at a given time.
+
+        Return a Handle: an opaque object with a cancel() method that
+        can be used to cancel the call.
+
+        The delay can be an int or float, expressed in seconds.  It is
+        always relative to the current time.
+
+        Each callback will be called exactly once.  If two callbacks
+        are scheduled for exactly the same time, it undefined which
+        will be called first.
+
+        Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to
+        the callback when it is called.
+        """
+        cdef uint64_t when
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        if self._debug == 1:
+            self._check_thread()
+
+        if delay < 0:
+            delay = 0
+        elif delay == py_inf or delay > MAX_SLEEP:
+            # ~100 years sounds like a good approximation of
+            # infinity for a Python application.
+            delay = MAX_SLEEP
+
+        when = <uint64_t>round(delay * 1000)
+        if not args:
+            args = None
+        if when == 0:
+            return self._call_soon(callback, args, context)
+        else:
+            return self._call_later(when, callback, args, context)
+
+    def call_at(self, when, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Like call_later(), but uses an absolute time.
+
+        Absolute time corresponds to the event loop's time() method.
+        """
+        return self.call_later(
+            when - self.time(), callback, *args, context=context)
+
+    def time(self):
+        """Return the time according to the event loop's clock.
+
+        This is a float expressed in seconds since an epoch, but the
+        epoch, precision, accuracy and drift are unspecified and may
+        differ per event loop.
+        """
+        return self._time() / 1000
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop running the event loop.
+
+        Every callback already scheduled will still run.  This simply informs
+        run_forever to stop looping after a complete iteration.
+        """
+        self._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle1(
+                self,
+                "Loop._stop",
+                <method1_t>self._stop,
+                None,
+                self,
+                None))
+
+    def run_forever(self):
+        """Run the event loop until stop() is called."""
+        self._check_closed()
+        mode = uv.UV_RUN_DEFAULT
+        if self._stopping:
+            # loop.stop() was called right before loop.run_forever().
+            # This is how asyncio loop behaves.
+            mode = uv.UV_RUN_NOWAIT
+        self._set_coroutine_debug(self._debug)
+        old_agen_hooks = sys.get_asyncgen_hooks()
+        sys.set_asyncgen_hooks(firstiter=self._asyncgen_firstiter_hook,
+                               finalizer=self._asyncgen_finalizer_hook)
+        try:
+            self._run(mode)
+        finally:
+            self._set_coroutine_debug(False)
+            sys.set_asyncgen_hooks(*old_agen_hooks)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the event loop.
+
+        The event loop must not be running.
+
+        This is idempotent and irreversible.
+
+        No other methods should be called after this one.
+        """
+        self._close()
+
+    def get_debug(self):
+        return bool(self._debug)
+
+    def set_debug(self, enabled):
+        self._debug = bool(enabled)
+        if self.is_running():
+             self.call_soon_threadsafe(self._set_coroutine_debug, self._debug)
+
+    def is_running(self):
+        """Return whether the event loop is currently running."""
+        return bool(self._running)
+
+    def is_closed(self):
+        """Returns True if the event loop was closed."""
+        return bool(self._closed)
+
+    def create_future(self):
+        """Create a Future object attached to the loop."""
+        return self._new_future()
+
+    def create_task(self, coro, *, name=None, context=None):
+        """Schedule a coroutine object.
+
+        Return a task object.
+
+        If name is not None, task.set_name(name) will be called if the task
+        object has the set_name attribute, true for default Task in CPython.
+
+        An optional keyword-only context argument allows specifying a custom
+        contextvars.Context for the coro to run in. The current context copy is
+        created when no context is provided.
+        """
+        self._check_closed()
+        if PY311:
+            if self._task_factory is None:
+                task = aio_Task(coro, loop=self, context=context)
+            else:
+                task = self._task_factory(self, coro, context=context)
+        else:
+            if context is None:
+                if self._task_factory is None:
+                    task = aio_Task(coro, loop=self)
+                else:
+                    task = self._task_factory(self, coro)
+            else:
+                if self._task_factory is None:
+                    task = context.run(aio_Task, coro, self)
+                else:
+                    task = context.run(self._task_factory, self, coro)
+
+        # copied from asyncio.tasks._set_task_name (bpo-34270)
+        if name is not None:
+            try:
+                set_name = task.set_name
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                set_name(name)
+
+        return task
+
+    def set_task_factory(self, factory):
+        """Set a task factory that will be used by loop.create_task().
+
+        If factory is None the default task factory will be set.
+
+        If factory is a callable, it should have a signature matching
+        '(loop, coro)', where 'loop' will be a reference to the active
+        event loop, 'coro' will be a coroutine object.  The callable
+        must return a Future.
+        """
+        if factory is not None and not callable(factory):
+            raise TypeError('task factory must be a callable or None')
+        self._task_factory = factory
+
+    def get_task_factory(self):
+        """Return a task factory, or None if the default one is in use."""
+        return self._task_factory
+
+    def run_until_complete(self, future):
+        """Run until the Future is done.
+
+        If the argument is a coroutine, it is wrapped in a Task.
+
+        WARNING: It would be disastrous to call run_until_complete()
+        with the same coroutine twice -- it would wrap it in two
+        different Tasks and that can't be good.
+
+        Return the Future's result, or raise its exception.
+        """
+        self._check_closed()
+
+        new_task = not isfuture(future)
+        future = aio_ensure_future(future, loop=self)
+        if new_task:
+            # An exception is raised if the future didn't complete, so there
+            # is no need to log the "destroy pending task" message
+            future._log_destroy_pending = False
+
+        def done_cb(fut):
+            if not fut.cancelled():
+                exc = fut.exception()
+                if isinstance(exc, (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt)):
+                    # Issue #336: run_forever() already finished,
+                    # no need to stop it.
+                    return
+            self.stop()
+
+        future.add_done_callback(done_cb)
+        try:
+            self.run_forever()
+        except BaseException:
+            if new_task and future.done() and not future.cancelled():
+                # The coroutine raised a BaseException. Consume the exception
+                # to not log a warning, the caller doesn't have access to the
+                # local task.
+                future.exception()
+            raise
+        finally:
+            future.remove_done_callback(done_cb)
+        if not future.done():
+            raise RuntimeError('Event loop stopped before Future completed.')
+
+        return future.result()
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def getaddrinfo(self, object host, object port, *,
+                          int family=0, int type=0, int proto=0, int flags=0):
+
+        addr = __static_getaddrinfo_pyaddr(host, port, family,
+                                           type, proto, flags)
+        if addr is not None:
+            return [addr]
+
+        return await self._getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family, type, proto, flags, 1)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def getnameinfo(self, sockaddr, int flags=0):
+        cdef:
+            AddrInfo ai_cnt
+            system.addrinfo *ai
+            system.sockaddr_in6 *sin6
+
+        if not isinstance(sockaddr, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('getnameinfo() argument 1 must be a tuple')
+
+        sl = len(sockaddr)
+
+        if sl < 2 or sl > 4:
+            raise ValueError('sockaddr must be a tuple of 2, 3 or 4 values')
+
+        if sl > 2:
+            flowinfo = sockaddr[2]
+            if flowinfo < 0 or flowinfo > 0xfffff:
+                raise OverflowError(
+                    'getnameinfo(): flowinfo must be 0-1048575.')
+        else:
+            flowinfo = 0
+
+        if sl > 3:
+            scope_id = sockaddr[3]
+            if scope_id < 0 or scope_id > 2 ** 32:
+                raise OverflowError(
+                    'getsockaddrarg: scope_id must be unsigned 32 bit integer')
+        else:
+            scope_id = 0
+
+        ai_cnt = await self._getaddrinfo(
+            sockaddr[0], sockaddr[1],
+            uv.AF_UNSPEC,         # family
+            uv.SOCK_DGRAM,        # type
+            0,                    # proto
+            uv.AI_NUMERICHOST,    # flags
+            0)                    # unpack
+
+        ai = ai_cnt.data
+
+        if ai.ai_next:
+            raise OSError("sockaddr resolved to multiple addresses")
+
+        if ai.ai_family == uv.AF_INET:
+            if sl > 2:
+                raise OSError("IPv4 sockaddr must be 2 tuple")
+        elif ai.ai_family == uv.AF_INET6:
+            # Modify some fields in `ai`
+            sin6 = <system.sockaddr_in6*> ai.ai_addr
+            sin6.sin6_flowinfo = system.htonl(flowinfo)
+            sin6.sin6_scope_id = scope_id
+
+        return await self._getnameinfo(ai.ai_addr, flags)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def start_tls(self, transport, protocol, sslcontext, *,
+                        server_side=False,
+                        server_hostname=None,
+                        ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                        ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        """Upgrade transport to TLS.
+
+        Return a new transport that *protocol* should start using
+        immediately.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(sslcontext, ssl_SSLContext):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'sslcontext is expected to be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, '
+                f'got {sslcontext!r}')
+
+        if isinstance(transport, (TCPTransport, UnixTransport)):
+            context = (<UVStream>transport).context
+        elif isinstance(transport, _SSLProtocolTransport):
+            context = (<_SSLProtocolTransport>transport).context
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'transport {transport!r} is not supported by start_tls()')
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        ssl_protocol = SSLProtocol(
+            self, protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
+            server_side, server_hostname,
+            ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+            ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout,
+            call_connection_made=False)
+
+        # Pause early so that "ssl_protocol.data_received()" doesn't
+        # have a chance to get called before "ssl_protocol.connection_made()".
+        transport.pause_reading()
+
+        transport.set_protocol(ssl_protocol)
+        conmade_cb = self.call_soon(ssl_protocol.connection_made, transport,
+                                    context=context)
+        # transport.resume_reading() will use the right context
+        # (transport.context) to call e.g. data_received()
+        resume_cb = self.call_soon(transport.resume_reading)
+        app_transport = ssl_protocol._get_app_transport(context)
+
+        try:
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            app_transport.close()
+            conmade_cb.cancel()
+            resume_cb.cancel()
+            raise
+
+        return app_transport
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_server(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None,
+                            *,
+                            int family=uv.AF_UNSPEC,
+                            int flags=uv.AI_PASSIVE,
+                            sock=None,
+                            backlog=100,
+                            ssl=None,
+                            reuse_address=None,
+                            reuse_port=None,
+                            ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                            ssl_shutdown_timeout=None,
+                            start_serving=True):
+        """A coroutine which creates a TCP server bound to host and port.
+
+        The return value is a Server object which can be used to stop
+        the service.
+
+        If host is an empty string or None all interfaces are assumed
+        and a list of multiple sockets will be returned (most likely
+        one for IPv4 and another one for IPv6). The host parameter can also be
+        a sequence (e.g. list) of hosts to bind to.
+
+        family can be set to either AF_INET or AF_INET6 to force the
+        socket to use IPv4 or IPv6. If not set it will be determined
+        from host (defaults to AF_UNSPEC).
+
+        flags is a bitmask for getaddrinfo().
+
+        sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
+        socket object.
+
+        backlog is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
+        listen() (defaults to 100).
+
+        ssl can be set to an SSLContext to enable SSL over the
+        accepted connections.
+
+        reuse_address tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in
+        TIME_WAIT state, without waiting for its natural timeout to
+        expire. If not specified will automatically be set to True on
+        UNIX.
+
+        reuse_port tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to
+        the same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as
+        they all set this flag when being created. This option is not
+        supported on Windows.
+
+        ssl_handshake_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL handshake before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 60s.
+
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL shutdown before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 30s.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            TCPServer tcp
+            system.addrinfo *addrinfo
+            Server server
+
+        if sock is not None and sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+            if host is not None or port is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+            return await self.create_unix_server(
+                protocol_factory, sock=sock, backlog=backlog, ssl=ssl,
+                start_serving=start_serving,
+                # asyncio won't clean up socket file using create_server() API
+                cleanup_socket=False,
+            )
+
+        server = Server(self)
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None')
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if host is not None or port is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+
+            if reuse_address is None:
+                reuse_address = os_name == 'posix' and sys_platform != 'cygwin'
+            reuse_port = bool(reuse_port)
+            if reuse_port and not has_SO_REUSEPORT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'reuse_port not supported by socket module')
+
+            if host == '':
+                hosts = [None]
+            elif (isinstance(host, str) or not isinstance(host, col_Iterable)):
+                hosts = [host]
+            else:
+                hosts = host
+
+            fs = [self._getaddrinfo(host, port, family,
+                                    uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, flags,
+                                    0) for host in hosts]
+
+            infos = await aio_gather(*fs)
+
+            completed = False
+            sock = None
+            try:
+                for info in infos:
+                    addrinfo = (<AddrInfo>info).data
+                    while addrinfo != NULL:
+                        if addrinfo.ai_family == uv.AF_UNSPEC:
+                            raise RuntimeError('AF_UNSPEC in DNS results')
+
+                        try:
+                            sock = socket_socket(addrinfo.ai_family,
+                                                 addrinfo.ai_socktype,
+                                                 addrinfo.ai_protocol)
+                        except socket_error:
+                            # Assume it's a bad family/type/protocol
+                            # combination.
+                            if self._debug:
+                                aio_logger.warning(
+                                    'create_server() failed to create '
+                                    'socket.socket(%r, %r, %r)',
+                                    addrinfo.ai_family,
+                                    addrinfo.ai_socktype,
+                                    addrinfo.ai_protocol, exc_info=True)
+                            addrinfo = addrinfo.ai_next
+                            continue
+
+                        if reuse_address:
+                            sock.setsockopt(uv.SOL_SOCKET, uv.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+                        if reuse_port:
+                            sock.setsockopt(uv.SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+                        # Disable IPv4/IPv6 dual stack support (enabled by
+                        # default on Linux) which makes a single socket
+                        # listen on both address families.
+                        if (addrinfo.ai_family == uv.AF_INET6 and
+                                has_IPV6_V6ONLY):
+                            sock.setsockopt(uv.IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, 1)
+
+                        pyaddr = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(addrinfo.ai_addr)
+                        try:
+                            sock.bind(pyaddr)
+                        except OSError as err:
+                            raise OSError(
+                                err.errno, 'error while attempting '
+                                'to bind on address %r: %s'
+                                % (pyaddr, err.strerror.lower())) from None
+
+                        tcp = TCPServer.new(self, protocol_factory, server,
+                                            uv.AF_UNSPEC, backlog,
+                                            ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                                            ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+                        try:
+                            tcp._open(sock.fileno())
+                        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                            raise
+                        except BaseException:
+                            tcp._close()
+                            raise
+
+                        server._add_server(tcp)
+                        sock.detach()
+                        sock = None
+
+                        addrinfo = addrinfo.ai_next
+
+                completed = True
+            finally:
+                if not completed:
+                    if sock is not None:
+                        sock.close()
+                    server.close()
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError('Neither host/port nor sock were specified')
+            if not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            tcp = TCPServer.new(self, protocol_factory, server,
+                                uv.AF_UNSPEC, backlog,
+                                ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                                ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+            try:
+                tcp._open(sock.fileno())
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                tcp._close()
+                raise
+
+            tcp._attach_fileobj(sock)
+            server._add_server(tcp)
+
+        if start_serving:
+            server._start_serving()
+
+        server._ref()
+        return server
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_connection(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None,
+                                *,
+                                ssl=None,
+                                family=0, proto=0, flags=0, sock=None,
+                                local_addr=None, server_hostname=None,
+                                ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        """Connect to a TCP server.
+
+        Create a streaming transport connection to a given Internet host and
+        port: socket family AF_INET or socket.AF_INET6 depending on host (or
+        family if specified), socket type SOCK_STREAM. protocol_factory must be
+        a callable returning a protocol instance.
+
+        This method is a coroutine which will try to establish the connection
+        in the background.  When successful, the coroutine returns a
+        (transport, protocol) pair.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            AddrInfo ai_local = None
+            AddrInfo ai_remote
+            TCPTransport tr
+
+            system.addrinfo *rai = NULL
+            system.addrinfo *lai = NULL
+
+            system.addrinfo *rai_iter = NULL
+            system.addrinfo *lai_iter = NULL
+
+            system.addrinfo rai_static
+            system.sockaddr_storage rai_addr_static
+            system.addrinfo lai_static
+            system.sockaddr_storage lai_addr_static
+
+            object app_protocol
+            object app_transport
+            object protocol
+            object ssl_waiter
+
+        if sock is not None and sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+            if host is not None or port is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+            return await self.create_unix_connection(
+                protocol_factory, None,
+                sock=sock, ssl=ssl, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+
+        app_protocol = protocol = protocol_factory()
+        ssl_waiter = None
+        context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        if ssl:
+            if server_hostname is None:
+                if not host:
+                    raise ValueError('You must set server_hostname '
+                                     'when using ssl without a host')
+                server_hostname = host
+
+            ssl_waiter = self._new_future()
+            sslcontext = None if isinstance(ssl, bool) else ssl
+            protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self, app_protocol, sslcontext, ssl_waiter,
+                False, server_hostname,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        else:
+            if server_hostname is not None:
+                raise ValueError('server_hostname is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if host is not None or port is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+
+            fs = []
+            f1 = f2 = None
+
+            addr = __static_getaddrinfo(
+                host, port, family, uv.SOCK_STREAM,
+                proto, <system.sockaddr*>&rai_addr_static)
+
+            if addr is None:
+                f1 = self._getaddrinfo(
+                    host, port, family,
+                    uv.SOCK_STREAM, proto, flags,
+                    0)  # 0 == don't unpack
+
+                fs.append(f1)
+            else:
+                rai_static.ai_addr = <system.sockaddr*>&rai_addr_static
+                rai_static.ai_next = NULL
+                rai = &rai_static
+
+            if local_addr is not None:
+                if not isinstance(local_addr, (tuple, list)) or \
+                        len(local_addr) != 2:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        'local_addr must be a tuple of host and port')
+
+                addr = __static_getaddrinfo(
+                    local_addr[0], local_addr[1],
+                    family, uv.SOCK_STREAM,
+                    proto, <system.sockaddr*>&lai_addr_static)
+                if addr is None:
+                    f2 = self._getaddrinfo(
+                        local_addr[0], local_addr[1], family,
+                        uv.SOCK_STREAM, proto, flags,
+                        0)  # 0 == don't unpack
+
+                    fs.append(f2)
+                else:
+                    lai_static.ai_addr = <system.sockaddr*>&lai_addr_static
+                    lai_static.ai_next = NULL
+                    lai = &lai_static
+
+            if len(fs):
+                await aio_wait(fs)
+
+            if rai is NULL:
+                ai_remote = f1.result()
+                if ai_remote.data is NULL:
+                    raise OSError('getaddrinfo() returned empty list')
+                rai = ai_remote.data
+
+            if lai is NULL and f2 is not None:
+                ai_local = f2.result()
+                if ai_local.data is NULL:
+                    raise OSError(
+                        'getaddrinfo() returned empty list for local_addr')
+                lai = ai_local.data
+
+            exceptions = []
+            rai_iter = rai
+            while rai_iter is not NULL:
+                tr = None
+                try:
+                    waiter = self._new_future()
+                    tr = TCPTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter,
+                                          context)
+
+                    if lai is not NULL:
+                        lai_iter = lai
+                        while lai_iter is not NULL:
+                            try:
+                                tr.bind(lai_iter.ai_addr)
+                                break
+                            except OSError as exc:
+                                exceptions.append(exc)
+                            lai_iter = lai_iter.ai_next
+                        else:
+                            tr._close()
+                            tr = None
+
+                            rai_iter = rai_iter.ai_next
+                            continue
+
+                    tr.connect(rai_iter.ai_addr)
+                    await waiter
+
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if tr is not None:
+                        tr._close()
+                        tr = None
+                    exceptions.append(exc)
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException:
+                    if tr is not None:
+                        tr._close()
+                        tr = None
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    break
+
+                rai_iter = rai_iter.ai_next
+
+            else:
+                # If they all have the same str(), raise one.
+                model = str(exceptions[0])
+                if all(str(exc) == model for exc in exceptions):
+                    raise exceptions[0]
+                # Raise a combined exception so the user can see all
+                # the various error messages.
+                raise OSError('Multiple exceptions: {}'.format(
+                    ', '.join(str(exc) for exc in exceptions)))
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host and port was not specified and no sock specified')
+            if not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            waiter = self._new_future()
+            tr = TCPTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter, context)
+            try:
+                # libuv will make socket non-blocking
+                tr._open(sock.fileno())
+                tr._init_protocol()
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                # It's OK to call `_close()` here, as opposed to
+                # `_force_close()` or `close()` as we want to terminate the
+                # transport immediately.  The `waiter` can only be waken
+                # up in `Transport._call_connection_made()`, and calling
+                # `_close()` before it is fine.
+                tr._close()
+                raise
+
+            tr._attach_fileobj(sock)
+
+        if ssl:
+            app_transport = protocol._get_app_transport(context)
+            try:
+                await ssl_waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                app_transport.close()
+                raise
+            return app_transport, app_protocol
+        else:
+            return tr, protocol
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_unix_server(self, protocol_factory, path=None,
+                                 *, backlog=100, sock=None, ssl=None,
+                                 ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                 ssl_shutdown_timeout=None,
+                                 start_serving=True, cleanup_socket=PY313):
+        """A coroutine which creates a UNIX Domain Socket server.
+
+        The return value is a Server object, which can be used to stop
+        the service.
+
+        path is a str, representing a file systsem path to bind the
+        server socket to.
+
+        sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
+        socket object.
+
+        backlog is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
+        listen() (defaults to 100).
+
+        ssl can be set to an SSLContext to enable SSL over the
+        accepted connections.
+
+        ssl_handshake_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL handshake before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 60s.
+
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL shutdown before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 30s.
+
+        If *cleanup_socket* is true then the Unix socket will automatically
+        be removed from the filesystem when the server is closed, unless the
+        socket has been replaced after the server has been created.
+        This defaults to True on Python 3.13 and above, or False otherwise.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            UnixServer pipe
+            Server server = Server(self)
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None')
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if path is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'path and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+            orig_path = path
+
+            path = os_fspath(path)
+
+            if isinstance(path, str):
+                path = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(path)
+
+            # Check for abstract socket.
+            if path[0] != 0:
+                try:
+                    if stat_S_ISSOCK(os_stat(path).st_mode):
+                        os_remove(path)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+                except OSError as err:
+                    # Directory may have permissions only to create socket.
+                    aio_logger.error(
+                        'Unable to check or remove stale UNIX socket %r: %r',
+                        orig_path, err)
+
+            # We use Python sockets to create a UNIX server socket because
+            # when UNIX sockets are created by libuv, libuv removes the path
+            # they were bound to.  This is different from asyncio, which
+            # doesn't cleanup the socket path.
+            sock = socket_socket(uv.AF_UNIX)
+
+            try:
+                sock.bind(path)
+            except OSError as exc:
+                sock.close()
+                if exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
+                    # Let's improve the error message by adding
+                    # with what exact address it occurs.
+                    msg = 'Address {!r} is already in use'.format(orig_path)
+                    raise OSError(errno.EADDRINUSE, msg) from None
+                else:
+                    raise
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                sock.close()
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'path was not specified, and no sock specified')
+
+            if sock.family != uv.AF_UNIX or not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A UNIX Domain Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'
+                    .format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+        if cleanup_socket:
+            path = sock.getsockname()
+            # Check for abstract socket. `str` and `bytes` paths are supported.
+            if path[0] not in (0, '\x00'):
+                try:
+                    self._unix_server_sockets[sock] = os_stat(path).st_ino
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+
+        pipe = UnixServer.new(
+            self, protocol_factory, server, backlog,
+            ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout, ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+        try:
+            pipe._open(sock.fileno())
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            pipe._close()
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+
+        pipe._attach_fileobj(sock)
+        server._add_server(pipe)
+
+        if start_serving:
+            server._start_serving()
+
+        return server
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_unix_connection(self, protocol_factory, path=None, *,
+                                     ssl=None, sock=None,
+                                     server_hostname=None,
+                                     ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                     ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+
+        cdef:
+            UnixTransport tr
+            object app_protocol
+            object app_transport
+            object protocol
+            object ssl_waiter
+
+        app_protocol = protocol = protocol_factory()
+        ssl_waiter = None
+        context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        if ssl:
+            if server_hostname is None:
+                raise ValueError('You must set server_hostname '
+                                 'when using ssl without a host')
+
+            ssl_waiter = self._new_future()
+            sslcontext = None if isinstance(ssl, bool) else ssl
+            protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self, app_protocol, sslcontext, ssl_waiter,
+                False, server_hostname,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        else:
+            if server_hostname is not None:
+                raise ValueError('server_hostname is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if path is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'path and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+
+            path = os_fspath(path)
+
+            if isinstance(path, str):
+                path = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(path)
+
+            waiter = self._new_future()
+            tr = UnixTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter, context)
+            tr.connect(path)
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                tr._close()
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError('no path and sock were specified')
+
+            if sock.family != uv.AF_UNIX or not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A UNIX Domain Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'
+                    .format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            waiter = self._new_future()
+            tr = UnixTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter, context)
+            try:
+                tr._open(sock.fileno())
+                tr._init_protocol()
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                tr._close()
+                raise
+
+            tr._attach_fileobj(sock)
+
+        if ssl:
+            app_transport = protocol._get_app_transport(Context_CopyCurrent())
+            try:
+                await ssl_waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                app_transport.close()
+                raise
+            return app_transport, app_protocol
+        else:
+            return tr, protocol
+
+    def default_exception_handler(self, context):
+        """Default exception handler.
+
+        This is called when an exception occurs and no exception
+        handler is set, and can be called by a custom exception
+        handler that wants to defer to the default behavior.
+
+        The context parameter has the same meaning as in
+        `call_exception_handler()`.
+        """
+        message = context.get('message')
+        if not message:
+            message = 'Unhandled exception in event loop'
+
+        exception = context.get('exception')
+        if exception is not None:
+            exc_info = (type(exception), exception, exception.__traceback__)
+        else:
+            exc_info = False
+
+        log_lines = [message]
+        for key in sorted(context):
+            if key in {'message', 'exception'}:
+                continue
+            value = context[key]
+            if key == 'source_traceback':
+                tb = ''.join(tb_format_list(value))
+                value = 'Object created at (most recent call last):\n'
+                value += tb.rstrip()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    value = repr(value)
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    value = ('Exception in __repr__ {!r}; '
+                             'value type: {!r}'.format(ex, type(value)))
+            log_lines.append('{}: {}'.format(key, value))
+
+        aio_logger.error('\n'.join(log_lines), exc_info=exc_info)
+
+    def get_exception_handler(self):
+        """Return an exception handler, or None if the default one is in use.
+        """
+        return self._exception_handler
+
+    def set_exception_handler(self, handler):
+        """Set handler as the new event loop exception handler.
+
+        If handler is None, the default exception handler will
+        be set.
+
+        If handler is a callable object, it should have a
+        signature matching '(loop, context)', where 'loop'
+        will be a reference to the active event loop, 'context'
+        will be a dict object (see `call_exception_handler()`
+        documentation for details about context).
+        """
+        if handler is not None and not callable(handler):
+            raise TypeError('A callable object or None is expected, '
+                            'got {!r}'.format(handler))
+        self._exception_handler = handler
+
+    def call_exception_handler(self, context):
+        """Call the current event loop's exception handler.
+
+        The context argument is a dict containing the following keys:
+
+        - 'message': Error message;
+        - 'exception' (optional): Exception object;
+        - 'future' (optional): Future instance;
+        - 'handle' (optional): Handle instance;
+        - 'protocol' (optional): Protocol instance;
+        - 'transport' (optional): Transport instance;
+        - 'socket' (optional): Socket instance.
+
+        New keys maybe introduced in the future.
+
+        Note: do not overload this method in an event loop subclass.
+        For custom exception handling, use the
+        `set_exception_handler()` method.
+        """
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self._debug_exception_handler_cnt += 1
+
+        if self._exception_handler is None:
+            try:
+                self.default_exception_handler(context)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                # Second protection layer for unexpected errors
+                # in the default implementation, as well as for subclassed
+                # event loops with overloaded "default_exception_handler".
+                aio_logger.error('Exception in default exception handler',
+                                 exc_info=True)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self._exception_handler(self, context)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                # Exception in the user set custom exception handler.
+                try:
+                    # Let's try default handler.
+                    self.default_exception_handler({
+                        'message': 'Unhandled error in exception handler',
+                        'exception': exc,
+                        'context': context,
+                    })
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException:
+                    # Guard 'default_exception_handler' in case it is
+                    # overloaded.
+                    aio_logger.error('Exception in default exception handler '
+                                     'while handling an unexpected error '
+                                     'in custom exception handler',
+                                     exc_info=True)
+
+    def add_reader(self, fileobj, callback, *args):
+        """Add a reader callback."""
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            args = None
+        self._add_reader(fileobj, new_Handle(self, callback, args, None))
+
+    def remove_reader(self, fileobj):
+        """Remove a reader callback."""
+        self._remove_reader(fileobj)
+
+    def add_writer(self, fileobj, callback, *args):
+        """Add a writer callback.."""
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            args = None
+        self._add_writer(fileobj, new_Handle(self, callback, args, None))
+
+    def remove_writer(self, fileobj):
+        """Remove a writer callback."""
+        self._remove_writer(fileobj)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recv(self, sock, n):
+        """Receive data from the socket.
+
+        The return value is a bytes object representing the data received.
+        The maximum amount of data to be received at once is specified by
+        nbytes.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketReaderFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_recv",
+            <method3_t>self._sock_recv,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock, n)
+
+        self._add_reader(sock, handle)
+        return await fut
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recv_into(self, sock, buf):
+        """Receive data from the socket.
+
+        The received data is written into *buf* (a writable buffer).
+        The return value is the number of bytes written.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketReaderFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_recv_into",
+            <method3_t>self._sock_recv_into,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock, buf)
+
+        self._add_reader(sock, handle)
+        return await fut
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_sendall(self, sock, data):
+        """Send data to the socket.
+
+        The socket must be connected to a remote socket. This method continues
+        to send data from data until either all data has been sent or an
+        error occurs. None is returned on success. On error, an exception is
+        raised, and there is no way to determine how much data, if any, was
+        successfully processed by the receiving end of the connection.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+            ssize_t n
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        if not data:
+            return
+
+        socket_inc_io_ref(sock)
+        try:
+            try:
+                n = sock.send(data)
+            except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                    # This can be a partial success, i.e. only part
+                    # of the data was sent
+                    self._sock_try_write_total += 1
+
+                if n == len(data):
+                    return
+                if not isinstance(data, memoryview):
+                    data = memoryview(data)
+                data = data[n:]
+
+            fut = _SyncSocketWriterFuture(sock, self)
+            handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+                self,
+                "Loop._sock_sendall",
+                <method3_t>self._sock_sendall,
+                None,
+                self,
+                fut, sock, data)
+
+            self._add_writer(sock, handle)
+            return await fut
+        finally:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(sock)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_accept(self, sock):
+        """Accept a connection.
+
+        The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections.
+        The return value is a pair (conn, address) where conn is a new socket
+        object usable to send and receive data on the connection, and address
+        is the address bound to the socket on the other end of the connection.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketReaderFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle2(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_accept",
+            <method2_t>self._sock_accept,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock)
+
+        self._add_reader(sock, handle)
+        return await fut
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_connect(self, sock, address):
+        """Connect to a remote socket at address.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        socket_inc_io_ref(sock)
+        try:
+            if sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+                fut = self._sock_connect(sock, address)
+            else:
+                addrs = await self.getaddrinfo(
+                    *address[:2], family=sock.family)
+
+                _, _, _, _, address = addrs[0]
+                fut = self._sock_connect(sock, address)
+            if fut is not None:
+                await fut
+        finally:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(sock)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recvfrom(self, sock, bufsize):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recvfrom_into(self, sock, buf, nbytes=0):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_sendto(self, sock, data, address):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def connect_accepted_socket(self, protocol_factory, sock, *,
+                                      ssl=None,
+                                      ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                      ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        """Handle an accepted connection.
+
+        This is used by servers that accept connections outside of
+        asyncio but that use asyncio to handle connections.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.  When completed, the coroutine
+        returns a (transport, protocol) pair.
+        """
+
+        cdef:
+            UVStream transport = None
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None')
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+            raise ValueError(
+                'A Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+
+        app_protocol = protocol_factory()
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        transport_waiter = None
+        context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+        if ssl is None:
+            protocol = app_protocol
+            transport_waiter = waiter
+        else:
+            protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self, app_protocol, ssl, waiter,
+                server_side=True,
+                server_hostname=None,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+            transport_waiter = None
+
+        if sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+            transport = <UVStream>UnixTransport.new(
+                self, protocol, None, transport_waiter, context)
+        elif sock.family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+            transport = <UVStream>TCPTransport.new(
+                self, protocol, None, transport_waiter, context)
+
+        if transport is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'invalid socket family, expected AF_UNIX, AF_INET or AF_INET6')
+
+        transport._open(sock.fileno())
+        transport._init_protocol()
+        transport._attach_fileobj(sock)
+
+        if ssl:
+            app_transport = protocol._get_app_transport(context)
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                app_transport.close()
+                raise
+            return app_transport, protocol
+        else:
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                transport._close()
+                raise
+            return transport, protocol
+
+    def run_in_executor(self, executor, func, *args):
+        if aio_iscoroutine(func) or aio_iscoroutinefunction(func):
+            raise TypeError("coroutines cannot be used with run_in_executor()")
+
+        self._check_closed()
+
+        if executor is None:
+            executor = self._default_executor
+            # Only check when the default executor is being used
+            self._check_default_executor()
+            if executor is None:
+                executor = cc_ThreadPoolExecutor()
+                self._default_executor = executor
+
+        return aio_wrap_future(executor.submit(func, *args), loop=self)
+
+    def set_default_executor(self, executor):
+        self._default_executor = executor
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def __subprocess_run(self, protocol_factory, args,
+                               stdin=subprocess_PIPE,
+                               stdout=subprocess_PIPE,
+                               stderr=subprocess_PIPE,
+                               universal_newlines=False,
+                               shell=True,
+                               bufsize=0,
+                               preexec_fn=None,
+                               close_fds=None,
+                               cwd=None,
+                               env=None,
+                               startupinfo=None,
+                               creationflags=0,
+                               restore_signals=True,
+                               start_new_session=False,
+                               executable=None,
+                               pass_fds=(),
+                               **kwargs):
+
+        # TODO: Implement close_fds (might not be very important in
+        # Python 3.5, since all FDs aren't inheritable by default.)
+
+        cdef:
+            int debug_flags = 0
+
+        if universal_newlines:
+            raise ValueError("universal_newlines must be False")
+        if bufsize != 0:
+            raise ValueError("bufsize must be 0")
+        if startupinfo is not None:
+            raise ValueError('startupinfo is not supported')
+        if creationflags != 0:
+            raise ValueError('creationflags is not supported')
+
+        if executable is not None:
+            args[0] = executable
+
+        # For tests only! Do not use in your code. Ever.
+        if kwargs.pop("__uvloop_sleep_after_fork", False):
+            debug_flags |= __PROCESS_DEBUG_SLEEP_AFTER_FORK
+        if kwargs:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'unexpected kwargs: {}'.format(', '.join(kwargs.keys())))
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        protocol = protocol_factory()
+        proc = UVProcessTransport.new(self, protocol,
+                                      args, env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                                      stdin, stdout, stderr, pass_fds,
+                                      waiter,
+                                      debug_flags,
+                                      preexec_fn,
+                                      restore_signals)
+
+        try:
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            proc.close()
+            raise
+
+        return proc, protocol
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def subprocess_shell(self, protocol_factory, cmd, *,
+                               shell=True,
+                               **kwargs):
+
+        if not shell:
+            raise ValueError("shell must be True")
+
+        args = [cmd]
+        if shell:
+            args = [b'/bin/sh', b'-c'] + args
+
+        return await self.__subprocess_run(protocol_factory, args, shell=True,
+                                           **kwargs)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def subprocess_exec(self, protocol_factory, program, *args,
+                              shell=False, **kwargs):
+
+        if shell:
+            raise ValueError("shell must be False")
+
+        args = list((program,) + args)
+
+        return await self.__subprocess_run(protocol_factory, args, shell=False,
+                                           **kwargs)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def connect_read_pipe(self, proto_factory, pipe):
+        """Register read pipe in event loop. Set the pipe to non-blocking mode.
+
+        protocol_factory should instantiate object with Protocol interface.
+        pipe is a file-like object.
+        Return pair (transport, protocol), where transport supports the
+        ReadTransport interface."""
+        cdef:
+            ReadUnixTransport transp
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        proto = proto_factory()
+        transp = ReadUnixTransport.new(self, proto, None, waiter)
+        transp._add_extra_info('pipe', pipe)
+        try:
+            transp._open(pipe.fileno())
+            transp._init_protocol()
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            transp._close()
+            raise
+        transp._attach_fileobj(pipe)
+        return transp, proto
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def connect_write_pipe(self, proto_factory, pipe):
+        """Register write pipe in event loop.
+
+        protocol_factory should instantiate object with BaseProtocol interface.
+        Pipe is file-like object already switched to nonblocking.
+        Return pair (transport, protocol), where transport support
+        WriteTransport interface."""
+        cdef:
+            WriteUnixTransport transp
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        proto = proto_factory()
+        transp = WriteUnixTransport.new(self, proto, None, waiter)
+        transp._add_extra_info('pipe', pipe)
+        try:
+            transp._open(pipe.fileno())
+            transp._init_protocol()
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            transp._close()
+            raise
+        transp._attach_fileobj(pipe)
+        return transp, proto
+
+    def add_signal_handler(self, sig, callback, *args):
+        """Add a handler for a signal.  UNIX only.
+
+        Raise ValueError if the signal number is invalid or uncatchable.
+        Raise RuntimeError if there is a problem setting up the handler.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle h
+
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            raise ValueError(
+                'add_signal_handler() can only be called from '
+                'the main thread')
+
+        if (aio_iscoroutine(callback)
+                or aio_iscoroutinefunction(callback)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "coroutines cannot be used with add_signal_handler()")
+
+        if sig == uv.SIGCHLD:
+            if (hasattr(callback, '__self__') and
+                    isinstance(callback.__self__, aio_AbstractChildWatcher)):
+
+                warnings_warn(
+                    "!!! asyncio is trying to install its ChildWatcher for "
+                    "SIGCHLD signal !!!\n\nThis is probably because a uvloop "
+                    "instance is used with asyncio.set_event_loop(). "
+                    "The correct way to use uvloop is to install its policy: "
+                    "`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())`"
+                    "\n\n", RuntimeWarning, source=self)
+
+                # TODO: ideally we should always raise an error here,
+                # but that would be a backwards incompatible change,
+                # because we recommended using "asyncio.set_event_loop()"
+                # in our README.  Need to start a deprecation period
+                # at some point to turn this warning into an error.
+                return
+
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'cannot add a signal handler for SIGCHLD: it is used '
+                'by the event loop to track subprocesses')
+
+        self._check_signal(sig)
+        self._check_closed()
+
+        h = new_Handle(self, callback, args or None, None)
+        self._signal_handlers[sig] = h
+
+        try:
+            # Register a dummy signal handler to ask Python to write the signal
+            # number in the wakeup file descriptor.
+            signal_signal(sig, self.__sighandler)
+
+            # Set SA_RESTART to limit EINTR occurrences.
+            signal_siginterrupt(sig, False)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            del self._signal_handlers[sig]
+            if not self._signal_handlers:
+                try:
+                    signal_set_wakeup_fd(-1)
+                except (ValueError, OSError) as nexc:
+                    aio_logger.info('set_wakeup_fd(-1) failed: %s', nexc)
+
+            if exc.errno == errno_EINVAL:
+                raise RuntimeError('sig {} cannot be caught'.format(sig))
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def remove_signal_handler(self, sig):
+        """Remove a handler for a signal.  UNIX only.
+
+        Return True if a signal handler was removed, False if not.
+        """
+
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            raise ValueError(
+                'remove_signal_handler() can only be called from '
+                'the main thread')
+
+        self._check_signal(sig)
+
+        if not self._listening_signals:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            del self._signal_handlers[sig]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if sig == uv.SIGINT:
+            handler = signal_default_int_handler
+        else:
+            handler = signal_SIG_DFL
+
+        try:
+            signal_signal(sig, handler)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno_EINVAL:
+                raise RuntimeError('sig {} cannot be caught'.format(sig))
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        return True
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_datagram_endpoint(self, protocol_factory,
+                                       local_addr=None, remote_addr=None, *,
+                                       family=0, proto=0, flags=0,
+                                       reuse_address=_unset, reuse_port=None,
+                                       allow_broadcast=None, sock=None):
+        """A coroutine which creates a datagram endpoint.
+
+        This method will try to establish the endpoint in the background.
+        When successful, the coroutine returns a (transport, protocol) pair.
+
+        protocol_factory must be a callable returning a protocol instance.
+
+        socket family AF_INET or socket.AF_INET6 depending on host (or
+        family if specified), socket type SOCK_DGRAM.
+
+        reuse_port tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to
+        the same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as
+        they all set this flag when being created. This option is not
+        supported on Windows and some UNIX's. If the
+        :py:data:`~socket.SO_REUSEPORT` constant is not defined then this
+        capability is unsupported.
+
+        allow_broadcast tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to send
+        messages to the broadcast address.
+
+        sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
+        socket object.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            UDPTransport udp = None
+            system.addrinfo * lai
+            system.addrinfo * rai
+
+        if sock is not None:
+            if not _is_sock_dgram(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A UDP Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+            if (local_addr or remote_addr or
+                    family or proto or flags or
+                    reuse_port or allow_broadcast):
+                # show the problematic kwargs in exception msg
+                opts = dict(local_addr=local_addr, remote_addr=remote_addr,
+                            family=family, proto=proto, flags=flags,
+                            reuse_address=reuse_address, reuse_port=reuse_port,
+                            allow_broadcast=allow_broadcast)
+                problems = ', '.join(
+                    '{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in opts.items() if v)
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'socket modifier keyword arguments can not be used '
+                    'when sock is specified. ({})'.format(problems))
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+            udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+            udp._init(self, uv.AF_UNSPEC)
+            udp.open(sock.family, sock.fileno())
+            udp._attach_fileobj(sock)
+        else:
+            if reuse_address is not _unset:
+                if reuse_address:
+                    raise ValueError("Passing `reuse_address=True` is no "
+                                     "longer supported, as the usage of "
+                                     "SO_REUSEPORT in UDP poses a significant "
+                                     "security concern.")
+                else:
+                    warnings_warn("The *reuse_address* parameter has been "
+                                  "deprecated as of 0.15.", DeprecationWarning,
+                                  stacklevel=2)
+            reuse_port = bool(reuse_port)
+            if reuse_port and not has_SO_REUSEPORT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'reuse_port not supported by socket module')
+
+            lads = None
+            if local_addr is not None:
+                if (not isinstance(local_addr, (tuple, list)) or
+                        len(local_addr) != 2):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'local_addr must be a tuple of (host, port)')
+                lads = await self._getaddrinfo(
+                    local_addr[0], local_addr[1],
+                    family, uv.SOCK_DGRAM, proto, flags,
+                    0)
+
+            rads = None
+            if remote_addr is not None:
+                if (not isinstance(remote_addr, (tuple, list)) or
+                        len(remote_addr) != 2):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'remote_addr must be a tuple of (host, port)')
+                rads = await self._getaddrinfo(
+                    remote_addr[0], remote_addr[1],
+                    family, uv.SOCK_DGRAM, proto, flags,
+                    0)
+
+            excs = []
+            if lads is None:
+                if rads is not None:
+                    udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+                    rai = (<AddrInfo>rads).data
+                    udp._init(self, rai.ai_family)
+                    udp._connect(rai.ai_addr, rai.ai_addrlen)
+                    udp._set_address(rai)
+                else:
+                    if family not in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+                        raise ValueError('unexpected address family')
+                    udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+                    udp._init(self, family)
+
+                if reuse_port:
+                    self._sock_set_reuseport(udp._fileno())
+
+            else:
+                lai = (<AddrInfo>lads).data
+                while lai is not NULL:
+                    try:
+                        udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+                        udp._init(self, lai.ai_family)
+                        if reuse_port:
+                            self._sock_set_reuseport(udp._fileno())
+                        udp._bind(lai.ai_addr)
+                    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                        raise
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        lai = lai.ai_next
+                        excs.append(ex)
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    ctx = None
+                    if len(excs):
+                        ctx = excs[0]
+                    raise OSError('could not bind to local_addr {}'.format(
+                        local_addr)) from ctx
+
+                if rads is not None:
+                    rai = (<AddrInfo>rads).data
+                    while rai is not NULL:
+                        if rai.ai_family != lai.ai_family:
+                            rai = rai.ai_next
+                            continue
+                        if rai.ai_protocol != lai.ai_protocol:
+                            rai = rai.ai_next
+                            continue
+                        udp._connect(rai.ai_addr, rai.ai_addrlen)
+                        udp._set_address(rai)
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        raise OSError(
+                            'could not bind to remote_addr {}'.format(
+                                remote_addr))
+
+        if allow_broadcast:
+            udp._set_broadcast(1)
+
+        protocol = protocol_factory()
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        assert udp is not None
+        udp._set_protocol(protocol)
+        udp._set_waiter(waiter)
+        udp._init_protocol()
+
+        await waiter
+        return udp, protocol
+
+    def _monitor_fs(self, path: str, callback) -> asyncio.Handle:
+        cdef:
+            UVFSEvent fs_handle
+            char* c_str_path
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fs_handle = UVFSEvent.new(self, callback, None)
+        p_bytes = path.encode('UTF-8')
+        c_str_path = p_bytes
+        flags = 0
+        fs_handle.start(c_str_path, flags)
+        return fs_handle
+
+    def _check_default_executor(self):
+        if self._executor_shutdown_called:
+            raise RuntimeError('Executor shutdown has been called')
+
+    def _asyncgen_finalizer_hook(self, agen):
+        self._asyncgens.discard(agen)
+        if not self.is_closed():
+            self.call_soon_threadsafe(self.create_task, agen.aclose())
+
+    def _asyncgen_firstiter_hook(self, agen):
+        if self._asyncgens_shutdown_called:
+            warnings_warn(
+                "asynchronous generator {!r} was scheduled after "
+                "loop.shutdown_asyncgens() call".format(agen),
+                ResourceWarning, source=self)
+
+        self._asyncgens.add(agen)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def shutdown_asyncgens(self):
+        """Shutdown all active asynchronous generators."""
+        self._asyncgens_shutdown_called = True
+
+        if not len(self._asyncgens):
+            return
+
+        closing_agens = list(self._asyncgens)
+        self._asyncgens.clear()
+
+        shutdown_coro = aio_gather(
+            *[ag.aclose() for ag in closing_agens],
+            return_exceptions=True)
+
+        results = await shutdown_coro
+        for result, agen in zip(results, closing_agens):
+            if isinstance(result, Exception):
+                self.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'an error occurred during closing of '
+                               'asynchronous generator {!r}'.format(agen),
+                    'exception': result,
+                    'asyncgen': agen
+                })
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def shutdown_default_executor(self, timeout=None):
+        """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor.
+
+        The timeout parameter specifies the amount of time the executor will
+        be given to finish joining. The default value is None, which means
+        that the executor will be given an unlimited amount of time.
+        """
+        self._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        if self._default_executor is None:
+            return
+        future = self.create_future()
+        thread = threading_Thread(target=self._do_shutdown, args=(future,))
+        thread.start()
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            thread.join(timeout)
+
+        if thread.is_alive():
+            warnings_warn(
+                "The executor did not finishing joining "
+                f"its threads within {timeout} seconds.",
+                RuntimeWarning,
+                stacklevel=2
+            )
+            self._default_executor.shutdown(wait=False)
+
+    def _do_shutdown(self, future):
+        try:
+            self._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)
+            self.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None)
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex)
+
+
+# Expose pointer for integration with other C-extensions
+def libuv_get_loop_t_ptr(loop):
+    return PyCapsule_New(<void *>(<Loop>loop).uvloop, NULL, NULL)
+
+
+def libuv_get_version():
+    return uv.uv_version()
+
+
+def _testhelper_unwrap_capsuled_pointer(obj):
+    return <uint64_t>PyCapsule_GetPointer(obj, NULL)
+
+
+cdef void __loop_alloc_buffer(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* uvhandle,
+    size_t suggested_size,
+    uv.uv_buf_t* buf
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        Loop loop = (<UVHandle>uvhandle.data)._loop
+
+    if loop._recv_buffer_in_use == 1:
+        buf.len = 0
+        exc = RuntimeError('concurrent allocations')
+        loop._handle_exception(exc)
+        return
+
+    loop._recv_buffer_in_use = 1
+    buf.base = loop._recv_buffer
+    buf.len = sizeof(loop._recv_buffer)
+
+
+cdef inline void __loop_free_buffer(Loop loop):
+    loop._recv_buffer_in_use = 0
+
+
+class _SyncSocketReaderFuture(aio_Future):
+
+    def __init__(self, sock, loop):
+        aio_Future.__init__(self, loop=loop)
+        self.__sock = sock
+        self.__loop = loop
+
+    def __remove_reader(self):
+        if self.__sock is not None and self.__sock.fileno() != -1:
+            self.__loop.remove_reader(self.__sock)
+            self.__sock = None
+
+    if PY39:
+        def cancel(self, msg=None):
+            self.__remove_reader()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self, msg=msg)
+
+    else:
+        def cancel(self):
+            self.__remove_reader()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self)
+
+
+class _SyncSocketWriterFuture(aio_Future):
+
+    def __init__(self, sock, loop):
+        aio_Future.__init__(self, loop=loop)
+        self.__sock = sock
+        self.__loop = loop
+
+    def __remove_writer(self):
+        if self.__sock is not None and self.__sock.fileno() != -1:
+            self.__loop.remove_writer(self.__sock)
+            self.__sock = None
+
+    if PY39:
+        def cancel(self, msg=None):
+            self.__remove_writer()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self, msg=msg)
+
+    else:
+        def cancel(self):
+            self.__remove_writer()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self)
+
+
+include "cbhandles.pyx"
+include "pseudosock.pyx"
+include "lru.pyx"
+
+include "handles/handle.pyx"
+include "handles/async_.pyx"
+include "handles/idle.pyx"
+include "handles/check.pyx"
+include "handles/timer.pyx"
+include "handles/poll.pyx"
+include "handles/basetransport.pyx"
+include "handles/stream.pyx"
+include "handles/streamserver.pyx"
+include "handles/tcp.pyx"
+include "handles/pipe.pyx"
+include "handles/process.pyx"
+include "handles/fsevent.pyx"
+
+include "request.pyx"
+include "dns.pyx"
+include "sslproto.pyx"
+
+include "handles/udp.pyx"
+
+include "server.pyx"
+
+
+# Used in UVProcess
+cdef vint __atfork_installed = 0
+cdef vint __forking = 0
+cdef Loop __forking_loop = None
+
+
+cdef void __get_fork_handler() noexcept nogil:
+    with gil:
+        if (__forking and __forking_loop is not None and
+                __forking_loop.active_process_handler is not None):
+            __forking_loop.active_process_handler._after_fork()
+
+cdef __install_atfork():
+    global __atfork_installed
+
+    if __atfork_installed:
+        return
+    __atfork_installed = 1
+
+    cdef int err
+
+    err = system.pthread_atfork(NULL, NULL, &system.handleAtFork)
+    if err:
+        __atfork_installed = 0
+        raise convert_error(-err)
+
+
+# Install PyMem* memory allocators
+cdef vint __mem_installed = 0
+cdef __install_pymem():
+    global __mem_installed
+    if __mem_installed:
+        return
+    __mem_installed = 1
+
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_replace_allocator(<uv.uv_malloc_func>PyMem_RawMalloc,
+                                  <uv.uv_realloc_func>PyMem_RawRealloc,
+                                  <uv.uv_calloc_func>PyMem_RawCalloc,
+                                  <uv.uv_free_func>PyMem_RawFree)
+    if err < 0:
+        __mem_installed = 0
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+
+cdef _set_signal_wakeup_fd(fd):
+    if fd >= 0:
+        return signal_set_wakeup_fd(fd, warn_on_full_buffer=False)
+    else:
+        return signal_set_wakeup_fd(fd)
+
+
+# Helpers for tests
+
+@cython.iterable_coroutine
+async def _test_coroutine_1():
+    return 42
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/lru.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/lru.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc7ea1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/lru.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+cdef object _LRU_MARKER = object()
+
+
+@cython.final
+cdef class LruCache:
+
+    cdef:
+        object _dict
+        int _maxsize
+        object _dict_move_to_end
+        object _dict_get
+
+    # We use an OrderedDict for LRU implementation.  Operations:
+    #
+    # * We use a simple `__setitem__` to push a new entry:
+    #       `entries[key] = new_entry`
+    #   That will push `new_entry` to the *end* of the entries dict.
+    #
+    # * When we have a cache hit, we call
+    #       `entries.move_to_end(key, last=True)`
+    #   to move the entry to the *end* of the entries dict.
+    #
+    # * When we need to remove entries to maintain `max_size`, we call
+    #       `entries.popitem(last=False)`
+    #   to remove an entry from the *beginning* of the entries dict.
+    #
+    # So new entries and hits are always promoted to the end of the
+    # entries dict, whereas the unused one will group in the
+    # beginning of it.
+
+    def __init__(self, *, maxsize):
+        if maxsize <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'maxsize is expected to be greater than 0, got {maxsize}')
+
+        self._dict = col_OrderedDict()
+        self._dict_move_to_end = self._dict.move_to_end
+        self._dict_get = self._dict.get
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+
+    cdef get(self, key, default):
+        o = self._dict_get(key, _LRU_MARKER)
+        if o is _LRU_MARKER:
+            return default
+        self._dict_move_to_end(key)  # last=True
+        return o
+
+    cdef inline needs_cleanup(self):
+        return len(self._dict) > self._maxsize
+
+    cdef inline cleanup_one(self):
+        k, _ = self._dict.popitem(last=False)
+        return k
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        o = self._dict[key]
+        self._dict_move_to_end(key)  # last=True
+        return o
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, o):
+        if key in self._dict:
+            self._dict[key] = o
+            self._dict_move_to_end(key)  # last=True
+        else:
+            self._dict[key] = o
+        while self.needs_cleanup():
+            self.cleanup_one()
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._dict[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._dict)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/pseudosock.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/pseudosock.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10a1ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/pseudosock.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+cdef class PseudoSocket:
+    cdef:
+        int _family
+        int _type
+        int _proto
+        int _fd
+        object _peername
+        object _sockname
+
+    def __init__(self, int family, int type, int proto, int fd):
+        self._family = family
+        self._type = type
+        self._proto = proto
+        self._fd = fd
+        self._peername = None
+        self._sockname = None
+
+    cdef _na(self, what):
+        raise TypeError('transport sockets do not support {}'.format(what))
+
+    cdef _make_sock(self):
+        return socket_socket(self._family, self._type, self._proto, self._fd)
+
+    property family:
+        def __get__(self):
+            try:
+                return socket_AddressFamily(self._family)
+            except ValueError:
+                return self._family
+
+    property type:
+        def __get__(self):
+            try:
+                return socket_SocketKind(self._type)
+            except ValueError:
+                return self._type
+
+    property proto:
+        def __get__(self):
+            return self._proto
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        s = ("<uvloop.PseudoSocket fd={}, family={!s}, "
+             "type={!s}, proto={}").format(self.fileno(), self.family.name,
+                                           self.type.name, self.proto)
+
+        if self._fd != -1:
+            try:
+                laddr = self.getsockname()
+                if laddr:
+                    s += ", laddr=%s" % str(laddr)
+            except socket_error:
+                pass
+            try:
+                raddr = self.getpeername()
+                if raddr:
+                    s += ", raddr=%s" % str(raddr)
+            except socket_error:
+                pass
+        s += '>'
+        return s
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        raise TypeError("Cannot serialize socket object")
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self._fd
+
+    def dup(self):
+        fd = os_dup(self._fd)
+        sock = socket_socket(self._family, self._type, self._proto, fileno=fd)
+        sock.settimeout(0)
+        return sock
+
+    def get_inheritable(self):
+        return os_get_inheritable(self._fd)
+
+    def set_inheritable(self):
+        os_set_inheritable(self._fd)
+
+    def ioctl(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def getsockopt(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            return sock.getsockopt(*args, **kwargs)
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def setsockopt(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            return sock.setsockopt(*args, **kwargs)
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def getpeername(self):
+        if self._peername is not None:
+            return self._peername
+
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            self._peername = sock.getpeername()
+            return self._peername
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def getsockname(self):
+        if self._sockname is not None:
+            return self._sockname
+
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            self._sockname = sock.getsockname()
+            return self._sockname
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def share(self, process_id):
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            return sock.share(process_id)
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def accept(self):
+        self._na('accept() method')
+
+    def connect(self, *args):
+        self._na('connect() method')
+
+    def connect_ex(self, *args):
+        self._na('connect_ex() method')
+
+    def bind(self, *args):
+        self._na('bind() method')
+
+    def listen(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('listen() method')
+
+    def makefile(self):
+        self._na('makefile() method')
+
+    def sendfile(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendfile() method')
+
+    def close(self):
+        self._na('close() method')
+
+    def detach(self):
+        self._na('detach() method')
+
+    def shutdown(self, *args):
+        self._na('shutdown() method')
+
+    def sendmsg_afalg(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendmsg_afalg() method')
+
+    def sendmsg(self):
+        self._na('sendmsg() method')
+
+    def sendto(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendto() method')
+
+    def send(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('send() method')
+
+    def sendall(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendall() method')
+
+    def recv_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recv_into() method')
+
+    def recvfrom_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvfrom_into() method')
+
+    def recvmsg_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvmsg_into() method')
+
+    def recvmsg(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvmsg() method')
+
+    def recvfrom(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvfrom() method')
+
+    def recv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recv() method')
+
+    def settimeout(self, value):
+        if value == 0:
+            return
+        raise ValueError(
+            'settimeout(): only 0 timeout is allowed on transport sockets')
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return 0
+
+    def setblocking(self, flag):
+        if not flag:
+            return
+        raise ValueError(
+            'setblocking(): transport sockets cannot be blocking')
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._na('context manager protocol')
+
+    def __exit__(self, *err):
+        self._na('context manager protocol')
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bafa51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cdef class UVRequest:
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_req_t *request
+        bint done
+        Loop loop
+
+    cdef on_done(self)
+    cdef cancel(self)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f15103a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+cdef class UVRequest:
+    """A base class for all libuv requests (uv_getaddrinfo_t, etc).
+
+    Important: it's a responsibility of the subclass to call the
+    "on_done" method in the request's callback.
+
+    If "on_done" isn't called, the request object will never die.
+    """
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, *_):
+        self.request = NULL
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.done = 0
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+    cdef on_done(self):
+        self.done = 1
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef cancel(self):
+        # Most requests are implemented using a threadpool.  It's only
+        # possible to cancel a request when it's still in a threadpool's
+        # queue.  Once it's started to execute, we have to wait until
+        # it finishes and calls its callback (and callback *must* call
+        # UVRequest.on_done).
+
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self.done == 1:
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self.request is NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}.cancel: .request is NULL'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if self.request.data is NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}.cancel: .request.data is NULL'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if <UVRequest>self.request.data is not self:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}.cancel: .request.data is not UVRequest'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        # We only can cancel pending requests.  Let's try.
+        err = uv.uv_cancel(self.request)
+        if err < 0:
+            if err == uv.UV_EBUSY:
+                # Can't close the request -- it's executing (see the first
+                # comment).  Loop will have to wait until the callback
+                # fires.
+                pass
+            elif err == uv.UV_EINVAL:
+                # From libuv docs:
+                #
+                #     Only cancellation of uv_fs_t, uv_getaddrinfo_t,
+                #     uv_getnameinfo_t and uv_work_t requests is currently
+                #     supported.
+                return
+            else:
+                ex = convert_error(err)
+                self.loop._handle_exception(ex)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef10f81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+cdef class Server:
+    cdef:
+        list _servers
+        list _waiters
+        int _active_count
+        Loop _loop
+        bint _serving
+        object _serving_forever_fut
+        object __weakref__
+
+    cdef _add_server(self, UVStreamServer srv)
+    cdef _start_serving(self)
+    cdef _wakeup(self)
+
+    cdef _attach(self)
+    cdef _detach(self)
+
+    cdef _ref(self)
+    cdef _unref(self)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..845bcfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import asyncio
+
+
+cdef class Server:
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop):
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._servers = []
+        self._waiters = []
+        self._active_count = 0
+        self._serving_forever_fut = None
+
+    cdef _add_server(self, UVStreamServer srv):
+        self._servers.append(srv)
+
+    cdef _start_serving(self):
+        if self._serving:
+            return
+
+        self._serving = 1
+        for server in self._servers:
+            (<UVStreamServer>server).listen()
+
+    cdef _wakeup(self):
+        cdef list waiters
+
+        waiters = self._waiters
+        self._waiters = None
+        for waiter in waiters:
+            if not waiter.done():
+                waiter.set_result(waiter)
+
+    cdef _attach(self):
+        assert self._servers is not None
+        self._active_count += 1
+
+    cdef _detach(self):
+        assert self._active_count > 0
+        self._active_count -= 1
+        if self._active_count == 0 and self._servers is None:
+            self._wakeup()
+
+    cdef _ref(self):
+        # Keep the server object alive while it's not explicitly closed.
+        self._loop._servers.add(self)
+
+    cdef _unref(self):
+        self._loop._servers.discard(self)
+
+    # Public API
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc):
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s sockets=%r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.sockets)
+
+    def get_loop(self):
+        return self._loop
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def wait_closed(self):
+        # Do not remove `self._servers is None` below
+        # because close() method only closes server sockets
+        # and existing client connections are left open.
+        if self._servers is None or self._waiters is None:
+            return
+        waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+        self._waiters.append(waiter)
+        await waiter
+
+    def close(self):
+        cdef list servers
+
+        if self._servers is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            servers = self._servers
+            self._servers = None
+            self._serving = 0
+
+            for server in servers:
+                (<UVStreamServer>server)._close()
+
+            if self._active_count == 0:
+                self._wakeup()
+        finally:
+            self._unref()
+
+    def is_serving(self):
+        return self._serving
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def start_serving(self):
+        self._start_serving()
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def serve_forever(self):
+        if self._serving_forever_fut is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f'server {self!r} is already being awaited on serve_forever()')
+        if self._servers is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'server {self!r} is closed')
+
+        self._start_serving()
+        self._serving_forever_fut = self._loop.create_future()
+
+        try:
+            await self._serving_forever_fut
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            try:
+                self.close()
+                await self.wait_closed()
+            finally:
+                raise
+        finally:
+            self._serving_forever_fut = None
+
+    property sockets:
+        def __get__(self):
+            cdef list sockets = []
+
+            # Guard against `self._servers is None`
+            if self._servers:
+                for server in self._servers:
+                    sockets.append(
+                        (<UVStreamServer>server)._get_socket()
+                    )
+
+            return sockets
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pxd b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3da10f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+cdef enum SSLProtocolState:
+    UNWRAPPED = 0
+    DO_HANDSHAKE = 1
+    WRAPPED = 2
+    FLUSHING = 3
+    SHUTDOWN = 4
+
+
+cdef enum AppProtocolState:
+    # This tracks the state of app protocol (https://git.io/fj59P):
+    #
+    #     INIT -cm-> CON_MADE [-dr*->] [-er-> EOF?] -cl-> CON_LOST
+    #
+    # * cm: connection_made()
+    # * dr: data_received()
+    # * er: eof_received()
+    # * cl: connection_lost()
+
+    STATE_INIT = 0
+    STATE_CON_MADE = 1
+    STATE_EOF = 2
+    STATE_CON_LOST = 3
+
+
+cdef class _SSLProtocolTransport:
+    cdef:
+        Loop _loop
+        SSLProtocol _ssl_protocol
+        bint _closed
+        object context
+
+
+cdef class SSLProtocol:
+    cdef:
+        bint _server_side
+        str _server_hostname
+        object _sslcontext
+
+        object _extra
+
+        object _write_backlog
+        size_t _write_buffer_size
+
+        object _waiter
+        Loop _loop
+        _SSLProtocolTransport _app_transport
+        bint _app_transport_created
+
+        object _transport
+        object _ssl_handshake_timeout
+        object _ssl_shutdown_timeout
+
+        object _sslobj
+        object _sslobj_read
+        object _sslobj_write
+        object _incoming
+        object _incoming_write
+        object _outgoing
+        object _outgoing_read
+        char* _ssl_buffer
+        size_t _ssl_buffer_len
+        object _ssl_buffer_view
+        SSLProtocolState _state
+        size_t _conn_lost
+        AppProtocolState _app_state
+
+        bint _ssl_writing_paused
+        bint _app_reading_paused
+
+        size_t _incoming_high_water
+        size_t _incoming_low_water
+        bint _ssl_reading_paused
+
+        bint _app_writing_paused
+        size_t _outgoing_high_water
+        size_t _outgoing_low_water
+
+        object _app_protocol
+        bint _app_protocol_is_buffer
+        object _app_protocol_get_buffer
+        object _app_protocol_buffer_updated
+
+        object _handshake_start_time
+        object _handshake_timeout_handle
+        object _shutdown_timeout_handle
+
+    cdef _set_app_protocol(self, app_protocol)
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self, exc=*)
+    cdef _get_extra_info(self, name, default=*)
+    cdef _set_state(self, SSLProtocolState new_state)
+
+    # Handshake flow
+
+    cdef _start_handshake(self)
+    cdef _check_handshake_timeout(self)
+    cdef _do_handshake(self)
+    cdef _on_handshake_complete(self, handshake_exc)
+
+    # Shutdown flow
+
+    cdef _start_shutdown(self, object context=*)
+    cdef _check_shutdown_timeout(self)
+    cdef _do_read_into_void(self, object context)
+    cdef _do_flush(self, object context=*)
+    cdef _do_shutdown(self, object context=*)
+    cdef _on_shutdown_complete(self, shutdown_exc)
+    cdef _abort(self, exc)
+
+    # Outgoing flow
+
+    cdef _write_appdata(self, list_of_data, object context)
+    cdef _do_write(self)
+    cdef _process_outgoing(self)
+
+    # Incoming flow
+
+    cdef _do_read(self)
+    cdef _do_read__buffered(self)
+    cdef _do_read__copied(self)
+    cdef _call_eof_received(self, object context=*)
+
+    # Flow control for writes from APP socket
+
+    cdef _control_app_writing(self, object context=*)
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self)
+    cdef _set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=*, low=*)
+
+    # Flow control for reads to APP socket
+
+    cdef _pause_reading(self)
+    cdef _resume_reading(self, object context)
+
+    # Flow control for reads from SSL socket
+
+    cdef _control_ssl_reading(self)
+    cdef _set_read_buffer_limits(self, high=*, low=*)
+    cdef size_t _get_read_buffer_size(self)
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, message=*)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pyx b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42bb764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+cdef _create_transport_context(server_side, server_hostname):
+    if server_side:
+        raise ValueError('Server side SSL needs a valid SSLContext')
+
+    # Client side may pass ssl=True to use a default
+    # context; in that case the sslcontext passed is None.
+    # The default is secure for client connections.
+    # Python 3.4+: use up-to-date strong settings.
+    sslcontext = ssl_create_default_context()
+    if not server_hostname:
+        sslcontext.check_hostname = False
+    return sslcontext
+
+
+cdef class _SSLProtocolTransport:
+
+    # TODO:
+    # _sendfile_compatible = constants._SendfileMode.FALLBACK
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, ssl_protocol, context):
+        self._loop = loop
+        # SSLProtocol instance
+        self._ssl_protocol = ssl_protocol
+        self._closed = False
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        """Get optional transport information."""
+        return self._ssl_protocol._get_extra_info(name, default)
+
+    def set_protocol(self, protocol):
+        self._ssl_protocol._set_app_protocol(protocol)
+
+    def get_protocol(self):
+        return self._ssl_protocol._app_protocol
+
+    def is_closing(self):
+        return self._closed
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the transport.
+
+        Buffered data will be flushed asynchronously.  No more data
+        will be received.  After all buffered data is flushed, the
+        protocol's connection_lost() method will (eventually) called
+        with None as its argument.
+        """
+        self._closed = True
+        self._ssl_protocol._start_shutdown(self.context.copy())
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            warnings_warn(
+                "unclosed transport <uvloop.loop._SSLProtocolTransport "
+                "object>", ResourceWarning)
+
+    def is_reading(self):
+        return not self._ssl_protocol._app_reading_paused
+
+    def pause_reading(self):
+        """Pause the receiving end.
+
+        No data will be passed to the protocol's data_received()
+        method until resume_reading() is called.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._pause_reading()
+
+    def resume_reading(self):
+        """Resume the receiving end.
+
+        Data received will once again be passed to the protocol's
+        data_received() method.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._resume_reading(self.context.copy())
+
+    def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        """Set the high- and low-water limits for write flow control.
+
+        These two values control when to call the protocol's
+        pause_writing() and resume_writing() methods.  If specified,
+        the low-water limit must be less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Neither value can be negative.
+
+        The defaults are implementation-specific.  If only the
+        high-water limit is given, the low-water limit defaults to an
+        implementation-specific value less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Setting high to zero forces low to zero as
+        well, and causes pause_writing() to be called whenever the
+        buffer becomes non-empty.  Setting low to zero causes
+        resume_writing() to be called only once the buffer is empty.
+        Use of zero for either limit is generally sub-optimal as it
+        reduces opportunities for doing I/O and computation
+        concurrently.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._set_write_buffer_limits(high, low)
+        self._ssl_protocol._control_app_writing(self.context.copy())
+
+    def get_write_buffer_limits(self):
+        return (self._ssl_protocol._outgoing_low_water,
+                self._ssl_protocol._outgoing_high_water)
+
+    def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        """Return the current size of the write buffers."""
+        return self._ssl_protocol._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+    def set_read_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        """Set the high- and low-water limits for read flow control.
+
+        These two values control when to call the upstream transport's
+        pause_reading() and resume_reading() methods.  If specified,
+        the low-water limit must be less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Neither value can be negative.
+
+        The defaults are implementation-specific.  If only the
+        high-water limit is given, the low-water limit defaults to an
+        implementation-specific value less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Setting high to zero forces low to zero as
+        well, and causes pause_reading() to be called whenever the
+        buffer becomes non-empty.  Setting low to zero causes
+        resume_reading() to be called only once the buffer is empty.
+        Use of zero for either limit is generally sub-optimal as it
+        reduces opportunities for doing I/O and computation
+        concurrently.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._set_read_buffer_limits(high, low)
+        self._ssl_protocol._control_ssl_reading()
+
+    def get_read_buffer_limits(self):
+        return (self._ssl_protocol._incoming_low_water,
+                self._ssl_protocol._incoming_high_water)
+
+    def get_read_buffer_size(self):
+        """Return the current size of the read buffer."""
+        return self._ssl_protocol._get_read_buffer_size()
+
+    @property
+    def _protocol_paused(self):
+        # Required for sendfile fallback pause_writing/resume_writing logic
+        return self._ssl_protocol._app_writing_paused
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        """Write some data bytes to the transport.
+
+        This does not block; it buffers the data and arranges for it
+        to be sent out asynchronously.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+            raise TypeError(f"data: expecting a bytes-like instance, "
+                            f"got {type(data).__name__}")
+        if not data:
+            return
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_appdata((data,), self.context.copy())
+
+    def writelines(self, list_of_data):
+        """Write a list (or any iterable) of data bytes to the transport.
+
+        The default implementation concatenates the arguments and
+        calls write() on the result.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_appdata(list_of_data, self.context.copy())
+
+    def write_eof(self):
+        """Close the write end after flushing buffered data.
+
+        This raises :exc:`NotImplementedError` right now.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def can_write_eof(self):
+        """Return True if this transport supports write_eof(), False if not."""
+        return False
+
+    def abort(self):
+        """Close the transport immediately.
+
+        Buffered data will be lost.  No more data will be received.
+        The protocol's connection_lost() method will (eventually) be
+        called with None as its argument.
+        """
+        self._force_close(None)
+
+    def _force_close(self, exc):
+        self._closed = True
+        self._ssl_protocol._abort(exc)
+
+    def _test__append_write_backlog(self, data):
+        # for test only
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_backlog.append(data)
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_buffer_size += len(data)
+
+
+cdef class SSLProtocol:
+    """SSL protocol.
+
+    Implementation of SSL on top of a socket using incoming and outgoing
+    buffers which are ssl.MemoryBIO objects.
+    """
+
+    def __cinit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._ssl_buffer_len = SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE
+        self._ssl_buffer = <char*>PyMem_RawMalloc(self._ssl_buffer_len)
+        if not self._ssl_buffer:
+            raise MemoryError()
+        self._ssl_buffer_view = PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+            self._ssl_buffer, self._ssl_buffer_len, PyBUF_WRITE)
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        self._ssl_buffer_view = None
+        PyMem_RawFree(self._ssl_buffer)
+        self._ssl_buffer = NULL
+        self._ssl_buffer_len = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, loop, app_protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
+                 server_side=False, server_hostname=None,
+                 call_connection_made=True,
+                 ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                 ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        if ssl_handshake_timeout is None:
+            ssl_handshake_timeout = SSL_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT
+        elif ssl_handshake_timeout <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"ssl_handshake_timeout should be a positive number, "
+                f"got {ssl_handshake_timeout}")
+        if ssl_shutdown_timeout is None:
+            ssl_shutdown_timeout = SSL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
+        elif ssl_shutdown_timeout <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"ssl_shutdown_timeout should be a positive number, "
+                f"got {ssl_shutdown_timeout}")
+
+        if not sslcontext:
+            sslcontext = _create_transport_context(
+                server_side, server_hostname)
+
+        self._server_side = server_side
+        if server_hostname and not server_side:
+            self._server_hostname = server_hostname
+        else:
+            self._server_hostname = None
+        self._sslcontext = sslcontext
+        # SSL-specific extra info. More info are set when the handshake
+        # completes.
+        self._extra = dict(sslcontext=sslcontext)
+
+        # App data write buffering
+        self._write_backlog = col_deque()
+        self._write_buffer_size = 0
+
+        self._waiter = waiter
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._set_app_protocol(app_protocol)
+        self._app_transport = None
+        self._app_transport_created = False
+        # transport, ex: SelectorSocketTransport
+        self._transport = None
+        self._ssl_handshake_timeout = ssl_handshake_timeout
+        self._ssl_shutdown_timeout = ssl_shutdown_timeout
+        # SSL and state machine
+        self._sslobj = None
+        self._incoming = ssl_MemoryBIO()
+        self._incoming_write = self._incoming.write
+        self._outgoing = ssl_MemoryBIO()
+        self._outgoing_read = self._outgoing.read
+        self._state = UNWRAPPED
+        self._conn_lost = 0  # Set when connection_lost called
+        if call_connection_made:
+            self._app_state = STATE_INIT
+        else:
+            self._app_state = STATE_CON_MADE
+
+        # Flow Control
+
+        self._ssl_writing_paused = False
+
+        self._app_reading_paused = False
+
+        self._ssl_reading_paused = False
+        self._incoming_high_water = 0
+        self._incoming_low_water = 0
+        self._set_read_buffer_limits()
+
+        self._app_writing_paused = False
+        self._outgoing_high_water = 0
+        self._outgoing_low_water = 0
+        self._set_write_buffer_limits()
+
+    cdef _set_app_protocol(self, app_protocol):
+        self._app_protocol = app_protocol
+        if (hasattr(app_protocol, 'get_buffer') and
+                not isinstance(app_protocol, aio_Protocol)):
+            self._app_protocol_get_buffer = app_protocol.get_buffer
+            self._app_protocol_buffer_updated = app_protocol.buffer_updated
+            self._app_protocol_is_buffer = True
+        else:
+            self._app_protocol_is_buffer = False
+
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self, exc=None):
+        if self._waiter is None:
+            return
+        if not self._waiter.cancelled():
+            if exc is not None:
+                self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
+            else:
+                self._waiter.set_result(None)
+        self._waiter = None
+
+    def _get_app_transport(self, context=None):
+        if self._app_transport is None:
+            if self._app_transport_created:
+                raise RuntimeError('Creating _SSLProtocolTransport twice')
+            self._app_transport = _SSLProtocolTransport(self._loop, self,
+                                                        context)
+            self._app_transport_created = True
+        return self._app_transport
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        """Called when the low-level connection is made.
+
+        Start the SSL handshake.
+        """
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._start_handshake()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        """Called when the low-level connection is lost or closed.
+
+        The argument is an exception object or None (the latter
+        meaning a regular EOF is received or the connection was
+        aborted or closed).
+        """
+        self._write_backlog.clear()
+        self._outgoing_read()
+        self._conn_lost += 1
+
+        # Just mark the app transport as closed so that its __dealloc__
+        # doesn't complain.
+        if self._app_transport is not None:
+            self._app_transport._closed = True
+
+        if self._state != DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            if self._app_state == STATE_CON_MADE or \
+                    self._app_state == STATE_EOF:
+                self._app_state = STATE_CON_LOST
+                self._loop.call_soon(self._app_protocol.connection_lost, exc)
+        self._set_state(UNWRAPPED)
+        self._transport = None
+        self._app_transport = None
+        self._app_protocol = None
+        self._wakeup_waiter(exc)
+
+        if self._shutdown_timeout_handle:
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle = None
+        if self._handshake_timeout_handle:
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle = None
+
+    def get_buffer(self, n):
+        cdef size_t want = n
+        if want > SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE:
+            want = SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE
+        if self._ssl_buffer_len < want:
+            self._ssl_buffer = <char*>PyMem_RawRealloc(self._ssl_buffer, want)
+            if not self._ssl_buffer:
+                raise MemoryError()
+            self._ssl_buffer_len = want
+            self._ssl_buffer_view = PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+                self._ssl_buffer, want, PyBUF_WRITE)
+        return self._ssl_buffer_view
+
+    def buffer_updated(self, nbytes):
+        self._incoming_write(PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+            self._ssl_buffer, nbytes, PyBUF_WRITE))
+
+        if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            self._do_handshake()
+
+        elif self._state == WRAPPED:
+            self._do_read()
+
+        elif self._state == FLUSHING:
+            self._do_flush()
+
+        elif self._state == SHUTDOWN:
+            self._do_shutdown()
+
+    def eof_received(self):
+        """Called when the other end of the low-level stream
+        is half-closed.
+
+        If this returns a false value (including None), the transport
+        will close itself.  If it returns a true value, closing the
+        transport is up to the protocol.
+        """
+        try:
+            if self._loop.get_debug():
+                aio_logger.debug("%r received EOF", self)
+
+            if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+                self._on_handshake_complete(ConnectionResetError)
+
+            elif self._state == WRAPPED or self._state == FLUSHING:
+                # We treat a low-level EOF as a critical situation similar to a
+                # broken connection - just send whatever is in the buffer and
+                # close. No application level eof_received() is called -
+                # because we don't want the user to think that this is a
+                # graceful shutdown triggered by SSL "close_notify".
+                self._set_state(SHUTDOWN)
+                self._on_shutdown_complete(None)
+
+            elif self._state == SHUTDOWN:
+                self._on_shutdown_complete(None)
+
+        except Exception:
+            self._transport.close()
+            raise
+
+    cdef _get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        if name == 'uvloop.sslproto':
+            return self
+        elif name in self._extra:
+            return self._extra[name]
+        elif self._transport is not None:
+            return self._transport.get_extra_info(name, default)
+        else:
+            return default
+
+    cdef _set_state(self, SSLProtocolState new_state):
+        cdef bint allowed = False
+
+        if new_state == UNWRAPPED:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == UNWRAPPED and new_state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE and new_state == WRAPPED:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == WRAPPED and new_state == FLUSHING:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == WRAPPED and new_state == SHUTDOWN:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == FLUSHING and new_state == SHUTDOWN:
+            allowed = True
+
+        if allowed:
+            self._state = new_state
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'cannot switch state from {} to {}'.format(
+                    self._state, new_state))
+
+    # Handshake flow
+
+    cdef _start_handshake(self):
+        if self._loop.get_debug():
+            aio_logger.debug("%r starts SSL handshake", self)
+            self._handshake_start_time = self._loop.time()
+        else:
+            self._handshake_start_time = None
+
+        self._set_state(DO_HANDSHAKE)
+
+        # start handshake timeout count down
+        self._handshake_timeout_handle = \
+            self._loop.call_later(self._ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                                  lambda: self._check_handshake_timeout())
+
+        try:
+            self._sslobj = self._sslcontext.wrap_bio(
+                self._incoming, self._outgoing,
+                server_side=self._server_side,
+                server_hostname=self._server_hostname)
+            self._sslobj_read = self._sslobj.read
+            self._sslobj_write = self._sslobj.write
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._on_handshake_complete(ex)
+        else:
+            self._do_handshake()
+
+    cdef _check_handshake_timeout(self):
+        if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            msg = (
+                f"SSL handshake is taking longer than "
+                f"{self._ssl_handshake_timeout} seconds: "
+                f"aborting the connection"
+            )
+            self._fatal_error(ConnectionAbortedError(msg))
+
+    cdef _do_handshake(self):
+        try:
+            self._sslobj.do_handshake()
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            self._process_outgoing()
+        except ssl_SSLError as exc:
+            self._on_handshake_complete(exc)
+        else:
+            self._on_handshake_complete(None)
+
+    cdef _on_handshake_complete(self, handshake_exc):
+        if self._handshake_timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle = None
+
+        sslobj = self._sslobj
+        try:
+            if handshake_exc is None:
+                self._set_state(WRAPPED)
+            else:
+                raise handshake_exc
+
+            peercert = sslobj.getpeercert()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._set_state(UNWRAPPED)
+            if isinstance(exc, ssl_CertificateError):
+                msg = 'SSL handshake failed on verifying the certificate'
+            else:
+                msg = 'SSL handshake failed'
+            self._fatal_error(exc, msg)
+            self._wakeup_waiter(exc)
+            return
+
+        if self._loop.get_debug():
+            dt = self._loop.time() - self._handshake_start_time
+            aio_logger.debug("%r: SSL handshake took %.1f ms", self, dt * 1e3)
+
+        # Add extra info that becomes available after handshake.
+        self._extra.update(peercert=peercert,
+                           cipher=sslobj.cipher(),
+                           compression=sslobj.compression(),
+                           ssl_object=sslobj)
+        if self._app_state == STATE_INIT:
+            self._app_state = STATE_CON_MADE
+            self._app_protocol.connection_made(self._get_app_transport())
+        self._wakeup_waiter()
+
+        # We should wakeup user code before sending the first data below. In
+        # case of `start_tls()`, the user can only get the SSLTransport in the
+        # wakeup callback, because `connection_made()` is not called again.
+        # We should schedule the first data later than the wakeup callback so
+        # that the user get a chance to e.g. check ALPN with the transport
+        # before having to handle the first data.
+        self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                             "SSLProtocol._do_read",
+                             <method_t> self._do_read,
+                             None,  # current context is good
+                             self))
+
+    # Shutdown flow
+
+    cdef _start_shutdown(self, object context=None):
+        if self._state in (FLUSHING, SHUTDOWN, UNWRAPPED):
+            return
+        # we don't need the context for _abort or the timeout, because
+        # TCP transport._force_close() should be able to call
+        # connection_lost() in the right context
+        if self._app_transport is not None:
+            self._app_transport._closed = True
+        if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            self._abort(None)
+        else:
+            self._set_state(FLUSHING)
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle = \
+                self._loop.call_later(self._ssl_shutdown_timeout,
+                                      lambda: self._check_shutdown_timeout())
+            self._do_flush(context)
+
+    cdef _check_shutdown_timeout(self):
+        if self._state in (FLUSHING, SHUTDOWN):
+            self._transport._force_close(
+                aio_TimeoutError('SSL shutdown timed out'))
+
+    cdef _do_read_into_void(self, object context):
+        """Consume and discard incoming application data.
+
+        If close_notify is received for the first time, call eof_received.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            bint close_notify = False
+        try:
+            while True:
+                if not self._sslobj_read(SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE):
+                    close_notify = True
+                    break
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+        except ssl_SSLZeroReturnError:
+            close_notify = True
+        if close_notify:
+            self._call_eof_received(context)
+
+    cdef _do_flush(self, object context=None):
+        """Flush the write backlog, discarding new data received.
+
+        We don't send close_notify in FLUSHING because we still want to send
+        the remaining data over SSL, even if we received a close_notify. Also,
+        no application-level resume_writing() or pause_writing() will be called
+        in FLUSHING, as we could fully manage the flow control internally.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._do_read_into_void(context)
+            self._do_write()
+            self._process_outgoing()
+            self._control_ssl_reading()
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._on_shutdown_complete(ex)
+        else:
+            if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+                self._set_state(SHUTDOWN)
+                self._do_shutdown(context)
+
+    cdef _do_shutdown(self, object context=None):
+        """Send close_notify and wait for the same from the peer."""
+        try:
+            # we must skip all application data (if any) before unwrap
+            self._do_read_into_void(context)
+            try:
+                self._sslobj.unwrap()
+            except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+                self._process_outgoing()
+            else:
+                self._process_outgoing()
+                if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+                    self._on_shutdown_complete(None)
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._on_shutdown_complete(ex)
+
+    cdef _on_shutdown_complete(self, shutdown_exc):
+        if self._shutdown_timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle = None
+
+        # we don't need the context here because TCP transport.close() should
+        # be able to call connection_made() in the right context
+        if shutdown_exc:
+            self._fatal_error(shutdown_exc, 'Error occurred during shutdown')
+        else:
+            self._transport.close()
+
+    cdef _abort(self, exc):
+        self._set_state(UNWRAPPED)
+        if self._transport is not None:
+            self._transport._force_close(exc)
+
+    # Outgoing flow
+
+    cdef _write_appdata(self, list_of_data, object context):
+        if self._state in (FLUSHING, SHUTDOWN, UNWRAPPED):
+            if self._conn_lost >= LOG_THRESHOLD_FOR_CONNLOST_WRITES:
+                aio_logger.warning('SSL connection is closed')
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+
+        for data in list_of_data:
+            self._write_backlog.append(data)
+            self._write_buffer_size += len(data)
+
+        try:
+            if self._state == WRAPPED:
+                self._do_write()
+                self._process_outgoing()
+                self._control_app_writing(context)
+
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._fatal_error(ex, 'Fatal error on SSL protocol')
+
+    cdef _do_write(self):
+        """Do SSL write, consumes write backlog and fills outgoing BIO."""
+        cdef size_t data_len, count
+        try:
+            while self._write_backlog:
+                data = self._write_backlog[0]
+                count = self._sslobj_write(data)
+                data_len = len(data)
+                if count < data_len:
+                    if not PyMemoryView_Check(data):
+                        data = PyMemoryView_FromObject(data)
+                    self._write_backlog[0] = data[count:]
+                    self._write_buffer_size -= count
+                else:
+                    del self._write_backlog[0]
+                    self._write_buffer_size -= data_len
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+
+    cdef _process_outgoing(self):
+        """Send bytes from the outgoing BIO."""
+        if not self._ssl_writing_paused:
+            data = self._outgoing_read()
+            if len(data):
+                self._transport.write(data)
+
+    # Incoming flow
+
+    cdef _do_read(self):
+        if self._state != WRAPPED:
+            return
+        try:
+            if not self._app_reading_paused:
+                if self._app_protocol_is_buffer:
+                    self._do_read__buffered()
+                else:
+                    self._do_read__copied()
+                if self._write_backlog:
+                    self._do_write()
+                self._process_outgoing()
+                self._control_app_writing()
+            self._control_ssl_reading()
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._fatal_error(ex, 'Fatal error on SSL protocol')
+
+    cdef _do_read__buffered(self):
+        cdef:
+            Py_buffer pybuf
+            bint pybuf_inited = False
+            size_t wants, offset = 0
+            int count = 1
+            object buf
+
+        buf = self._app_protocol_get_buffer(self._get_read_buffer_size())
+        wants = len(buf)
+
+        try:
+            count = self._sslobj_read(wants, buf)
+
+            if count > 0:
+                offset = count
+                if offset < wants:
+                    PyObject_GetBuffer(buf, &pybuf, PyBUF_WRITABLE)
+                    pybuf_inited = True
+                while offset < wants:
+                    buf = PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+                        (<char*>pybuf.buf) + offset,
+                        wants - offset,
+                        PyBUF_WRITE)
+                    count = self._sslobj_read(wants - offset, buf)
+                    if count > 0:
+                        offset += count
+                    else:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+                        new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                                         "SSLProtocol._do_read",
+                                         <method_t>self._do_read,
+                                         None,  # current context is good
+                                         self))
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+        finally:
+            if pybuf_inited:
+                PyBuffer_Release(&pybuf)
+        if offset > 0:
+            self._app_protocol_buffer_updated(offset)
+        if not count:
+            # close_notify
+            self._call_eof_received()
+            self._start_shutdown()
+
+    cdef _do_read__copied(self):
+        cdef:
+            list data
+            bytes first, chunk = b'1'
+            bint zero = True, one = False
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                chunk = self._sslobj_read(SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE)
+                if not chunk:
+                    break
+                if zero:
+                    zero = False
+                    one = True
+                    first = chunk
+                elif one:
+                    one = False
+                    data = [first, chunk]
+                else:
+                    data.append(chunk)
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+        if one:
+            self._app_protocol.data_received(first)
+        elif not zero:
+            self._app_protocol.data_received(b''.join(data))
+        if not chunk:
+            # close_notify
+            self._call_eof_received()
+            self._start_shutdown()
+
+    cdef _call_eof_received(self, object context=None):
+        if self._app_state == STATE_CON_MADE:
+            self._app_state = STATE_EOF
+            try:
+                if context is None:
+                    # If the caller didn't provide a context, we assume the
+                    # caller is already in the right context, which is usually
+                    # inside the upstream callbacks like buffer_updated()
+                    keep_open = self._app_protocol.eof_received()
+                else:
+                    keep_open = run_in_context(
+                        context, self._app_protocol.eof_received,
+                    )
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as ex:
+                self._fatal_error(ex, 'Error calling eof_received()')
+            else:
+                if keep_open:
+                    aio_logger.warning('returning true from eof_received() '
+                                       'has no effect when using ssl')
+
+    # Flow control for writes from APP socket
+
+    cdef _control_app_writing(self, object context=None):
+        cdef size_t size = self._get_write_buffer_size()
+        if size >= self._outgoing_high_water and not self._app_writing_paused:
+            self._app_writing_paused = True
+            try:
+                if context is None:
+                    # If the caller didn't provide a context, we assume the
+                    # caller is already in the right context, which is usually
+                    # inside the upstream callbacks like buffer_updated()
+                    self._app_protocol.pause_writing()
+                else:
+                    run_in_context(context, self._app_protocol.pause_writing)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.pause_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self._app_transport,
+                    'protocol': self,
+                })
+        elif size <= self._outgoing_low_water and self._app_writing_paused:
+            self._app_writing_paused = False
+            try:
+                if context is None:
+                    # If the caller didn't provide a context, we assume the
+                    # caller is already in the right context, which is usually
+                    # inside the upstream callbacks like resume_writing()
+                    self._app_protocol.resume_writing()
+                else:
+                    run_in_context(context, self._app_protocol.resume_writing)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.resume_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self._app_transport,
+                    'protocol': self,
+                })
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        return self._outgoing.pending + self._write_buffer_size
+
+    cdef _set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        high, low = add_flowcontrol_defaults(
+            high, low, FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_WRITE)
+        self._outgoing_high_water = high
+        self._outgoing_low_water = low
+
+    # Flow control for reads to APP socket
+
+    cdef _pause_reading(self):
+        self._app_reading_paused = True
+
+    cdef _resume_reading(self, object context):
+        if self._app_reading_paused:
+            self._app_reading_paused = False
+            if self._state == WRAPPED:
+                self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+                    new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                                     "SSLProtocol._do_read",
+                                     <method_t>self._do_read,
+                                     context,
+                                     self))
+
+    # Flow control for reads from SSL socket
+
+    cdef _control_ssl_reading(self):
+        cdef size_t size = self._get_read_buffer_size()
+        if size >= self._incoming_high_water and not self._ssl_reading_paused:
+            self._ssl_reading_paused = True
+            self._transport.pause_reading()
+        elif size <= self._incoming_low_water and self._ssl_reading_paused:
+            self._ssl_reading_paused = False
+            self._transport.resume_reading()
+
+    cdef _set_read_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        high, low = add_flowcontrol_defaults(
+            high, low, FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_READ)
+        self._incoming_high_water = high
+        self._incoming_low_water = low
+
+    cdef size_t _get_read_buffer_size(self):
+        return self._incoming.pending
+
+    # Flow control for writes to SSL socket
+
+    def pause_writing(self):
+        """Called when the low-level transport's buffer goes over
+        the high-water mark.
+        """
+        assert not self._ssl_writing_paused
+        self._ssl_writing_paused = True
+
+    def resume_writing(self):
+        """Called when the low-level transport's buffer drains below
+        the low-water mark.
+        """
+        assert self._ssl_writing_paused
+        self._ssl_writing_paused = False
+
+        if self._state == WRAPPED:
+            self._process_outgoing()
+            self._control_app_writing()
+
+        elif self._state == FLUSHING:
+            self._do_flush()
+
+        elif self._state == SHUTDOWN:
+            self._do_shutdown()
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, message='Fatal error on transport'):
+        if self._app_transport:
+            self._app_transport._force_close(exc)
+        elif self._transport:
+            self._transport._force_close(exc)
+
+        if isinstance(exc, OSError):
+            if self._loop.get_debug():
+                aio_logger.debug("%r: %s", self, message, exc_info=True)
+        elif not isinstance(exc, aio_CancelledError):
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': message,
+                'exception': exc,
+                'transport': self._transport,
+                'protocol': self,
+            })
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d8b3d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: watchfiles
+Version: 1.2.0
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS
+Classifier: Environment :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Filesystems
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Requires-Dist: anyio>=3.0.0
+License-File: LICENSE
+Summary: Simple, modern and high performance file watching and code reload in python.
+Home-Page: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles
+Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>
+License: MIT
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown; charset=UTF-8; variant=GFM
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/releases
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles
+
+# watchfiles
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/actions/workflows/ci.yml?query=branch%3Amain)
+[![Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/samuelcolvin/watchfiles)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/watchfiles.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/watchfiles)
+[![CondaForge](https://img.shields.io/conda/v/conda-forge/watchfiles.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/watchfiles)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/samuelcolvin/watchfiles.svg)](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+Simple, modern and high performance file watching and code reload in python.
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [watchfiles.helpmanual.io](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io)
+
+**Source Code**: [github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles)
+
+---
+
+Underlying file system notifications are handled by the [Notify](https://github.com/notify-rs/notify) rust library.
+
+This package was previously named "watchgod",
+see [the migration guide](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/migrating/) for more information.
+
+## Installation
+
+**watchfiles** requires Python 3.10 - 3.15.
+
+```bash
+pip install watchfiles
+```
+
+Binaries are available for most architectures on Linux, MacOS and Windows ([learn more](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/#installation)).
+
+Otherwise, you can install from source which requires Rust stable to be installed.
+
+## Usage
+
+Here are some examples of what **watchfiles** can do:
+
+### `watch` Usage
+
+```py
+from watchfiles import watch
+
+for changes in watch('./path/to/dir'):
+    print(changes)
+```
+See [`watch` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/watch/#watchfiles.watch) for more details.
+
+### `awatch` Usage
+
+```py
+import asyncio
+from watchfiles import awatch
+
+async def main():
+    async for changes in awatch('/path/to/dir'):
+        print(changes)
+
+asyncio.run(main())
+```
+See [`awatch` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/watch/#watchfiles.awatch) for more details.
+
+### `run_process` Usage
+
+```py
+from watchfiles import run_process
+
+def foobar(a, b, c):
+    ...
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    run_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2, 3))
+```
+See [`run_process` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/run_process/#watchfiles.run_process) for more details.
+
+### `arun_process` Usage
+
+```py
+import asyncio
+from watchfiles import arun_process
+
+def foobar(a, b, c):
+    ...
+
+async def main():
+    await arun_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2, 3))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    asyncio.run(main())
+```
+See [`arun_process` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/run_process/#watchfiles.arun_process) for more details.
+
+## CLI
+
+**watchfiles** also comes with a CLI for running and reloading code. To run `some command` when files in `src` change:
+
+```
+watchfiles "some command" src
+```
+
+For more information, see [the CLI docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/cli/).
+
+Or run
+
+```bash
+watchfiles --help
+```
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e53d0bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+../../../bin/watchfiles,sha256=Gm_l5ZnZBEEqwxuvdpKdZ-83eG38O9_MmaMemqqqhRk,261
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=LJLAv-vfZ0NgP258TalaU85NV18Azt46ogMqjVzj2hc,4877
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=8c5jjBY8eiCct4gKCf8BSsE98ZeDfqW7QPs6qVAxcQQ,147
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=s1Dpa2d_KKBy-jKREWW60Z3GoRZ3JpCEo_9iYDt6hOQ,48
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=T9eDVbZ84md-3p-29jolDzd7t-IgiBNqX0aZrbS8Bp8,1091
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json,sha256=Ur-mth38qzRck06Yx0xYUFKNsSPWmEbGpRYalJj0Dbc,33192
+watchfiles/__init__.py,sha256=IRlM9KOSedMzF1fvLr7yEHPVS-UFERNThlB-tmWI8yU,364
+watchfiles/__main__.py,sha256=JgErYkiskih8Y6oRwowALtR-rwQhAAdqOYWjQraRIPI,59
+watchfiles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/filters.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/run.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/_rust_notify.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=KrlImTnHauw39YQvsmzq-rkS7-Iv8u41n4Z2z4gKj3Q,1100624
+watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi,sha256=q5FQkXgBJEFPt9RCf7my4wP5RM1FwSVpqf221csyebg,4753
+watchfiles/cli.py,sha256=IODctc3cBwv0NjtrctwN1xL9ThMCdJoM0-TskC-wvUQ,7696
+watchfiles/filters.py,sha256=bSK9sP7_AJ-e1xqU_yHULaiNPpYYj-UJT4Gh0u_OQ1g,5119
+watchfiles/main.py,sha256=UgtztGehPcMfLCHYbQ2mgRJlTWEVEbPegtGFNLQ8M5s,15165
+watchfiles/py.typed,sha256=MS4Na3to9VTGPy_8wBQM_6mNKaX4qIpi5-w7_LZB-8I,69
+watchfiles/run.py,sha256=7P42FUCGr4X_lfJQ0iI5jFV8EbtKIxEuRXGx2D-NTd0,15244
+watchfiles/version.py,sha256=NRWUnkZ32DamsNKV20EetagIGTLDMMUnqDWVGFFA2WQ,85
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b6931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: maturin (1.13.3)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5164296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+watchfiles=watchfiles.cli:cli
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd9b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 to present Samuel Colvin
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd3324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1083 @@
+{
+  "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
+  "specVersion": "1.5",
+  "version": 1,
+  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:90f5d194-0070-4dcd-930b-1eb9f2a7bf5b",
+  "metadata": {
+    "timestamp": "2026-05-18T04:25:06.263627260Z",
+    "tools": [
+      {
+        "vendor": "CycloneDX",
+        "name": "cargo-cyclonedx",
+        "version": "0.5.9"
+      }
+    ],
+    "component": {
+      "type": "library",
+      "bom-ref": "path+file:///home/runner/work/watchfiles/watchfiles#watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0",
+      "name": "watchfiles_rust_notify",
+      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "scope": "required",
+      "licenses": [
+        {
+          "expression": "MIT"
+        }
+      ],
+      "purl": "pkg:cargo/watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0?download_url=file://.",
+      "externalReferences": [
+        {
+          "type": "website",
+          "url": "https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "vcs",
+          "url": "https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/watchfiles.git"
+        }
+      ],
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "type": "library",
+          "bom-ref": "path+file:///home/runner/work/watchfiles/watchfiles#watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0 bin-target-0",
+          "name": "_rust_notify",
+          "version": "1.2.0",
+          "purl": "pkg:cargo/watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0?download_url=file://.#src/lib.rs"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "properties": [
+      {
+        "name": "cdx:rustc:sbom:target:all_targets",
+        "value": "true"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "components": [
+    {
+      "type": "library",
+      "bom-ref": "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#bitflags@2.7.0",
+      "author": "The Rust Project Developers",
+      "name": "bitflags",
+      "version": "2.7.0",
+      "description": "A macro to generate structures which behave like bitflags. ",
+      "scope": "required",
+      "hashes": [
+        {
+          "alg": "SHA-256",
+          "content": "1be3f42a67d6d345ecd59f675f3f012d6974981560836e938c22b424b85ce1be"
+        }
+      ],
+      "licenses": [
+        {
+          "expression": "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+        }
+      ],
+      "purl": "pkg:cargo/bitflags@2.7.0",
+      "externalReferences": [
+        {
+          "type": "documentation",
+          "url": "https://docs.rs/bitflags"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "website",
+          "url": "https://github.com/bitflags/bitflags"
+        },
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+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..877fbd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from .filters import BaseFilter, DefaultFilter, PythonFilter
+from .main import Change, awatch, watch
+from .run import arun_process, run_process
+from .version import VERSION
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+__all__ = (
+    'watch',
+    'awatch',
+    'run_process',
+    'arun_process',
+    'Change',
+    'BaseFilter',
+    'DefaultFilter',
+    'PythonFilter',
+    'VERSION',
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d396c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .cli import cli
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    cli()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae5ab80
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/run.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/run.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a91c9f8
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e08cfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol
+
+__all__ = 'RustNotify', 'WatchfilesRustInternalError'
+
+__version__: str
+"""The package version as defined in `Cargo.toml`, modified to match python's versioning semantics."""
+
+class AbstractEvent(Protocol):
+    def is_set(self) -> bool: ...
+
+class RustNotify:
+    """
+    Interface to the Rust [notify](https://crates.io/crates/notify) crate which does
+    the heavy lifting of watching for file changes and grouping them into events.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        watch_paths: list[str],
+        debug: bool,
+        force_polling: bool,
+        poll_delay_ms: int,
+        recursive: bool,
+        ignore_permission_denied: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new `RustNotify` instance and start a thread to watch for changes.
+
+        `FileNotFoundError` is raised if any of the paths do not exist.
+
+        Args:
+            watch_paths: file system paths to watch for changes, can be directories or files
+            debug: if true, print details about all events to stderr
+            force_polling: if true, always use polling instead of file system notifications
+            poll_delay_ms: delay between polling for changes, only used if `force_polling=True`
+            recursive: if `True`, watch for changes in sub-directories recursively, otherwise watch only for changes in
+                the top-level directory, default is `True`.
+            ignore_permission_denied: if `True`, permission denied errors are ignored while watching changes.
+        """
+    def watch(
+        self,
+        debounce_ms: int,
+        step_ms: int,
+        timeout_ms: int,
+        stop_event: AbstractEvent | None,
+    ) -> set[tuple[int, str]] | Literal['signal', 'stop', 'timeout']:
+        """
+        Watch for changes.
+
+        This method will wait `timeout_ms` milliseconds for changes, but once a change is detected,
+        it will group changes and return in no more than `debounce_ms` milliseconds.
+
+        The GIL is released during a `step_ms` sleep on each iteration to avoid
+        blocking python.
+
+        Args:
+            debounce_ms: maximum time in milliseconds to group changes over before returning.
+            step_ms: time to wait for new changes in milliseconds, if no changes are detected
+                in this time, and at least one change has been detected, the changes are yielded.
+            timeout_ms: maximum time in milliseconds to wait for changes before returning,
+                `0` means wait indefinitely, `debounce_ms` takes precedence over `timeout_ms` once
+                a change is detected.
+            stop_event: event to check on every iteration to see if this function should return early.
+                The event should be an object which has an `is_set()` method which returns a boolean.
+
+        Returns:
+            See below.
+
+        Return values have the following meanings:
+
+        * Change details as a `set` of `(event_type, path)` tuples, the event types are ints which match
+          [`Change`][watchfiles.Change], `path` is a string representing the path of the file that changed
+        * `'signal'` string, if a signal was received
+        * `'stop'` string, if the `stop_event` was set
+        * `'timeout'` string, if `timeout_ms` was exceeded
+        """
+    def __enter__(self) -> RustNotify:
+        """
+        Does nothing, but allows `RustNotify` to be used as a context manager.
+
+        !!! note
+
+            The watching thead is created when an instance is initiated, not on `__enter__`.
+        """
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Calls [`close`][watchfiles._rust_notify.RustNotify.close].
+        """
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Stops the watching thread. After `close` is called, the `RustNotify` instance can no
+        longer be used, calls to [`watch`][watchfiles._rust_notify.RustNotify.watch] will raise a `RuntimeError`.
+
+        !!! note
+
+            `close` is not required, just deleting the `RustNotify` instance will kill the thread
+            implicitly.
+
+            As per [#163](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/163) `close()` is only required because
+            in the event of an error, the traceback in `sys.exc_info` keeps a reference to `watchfiles.watch`'s
+            frame, so you can't rely on the `RustNotify` object being deleted, and thereby stopping
+            the watching thread.
+        """
+
+class WatchfilesRustInternalError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised when RustNotify encounters an unknown error.
+
+    If you get this a lot, please check [github](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues) issues
+    and create a new issue if your problem is not discussed.
+    """
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/cli.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a868d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from . import Change
+from .filters import BaseFilter, DefaultFilter, PythonFilter
+from .run import detect_target_type, import_string, run_process
+from .version import VERSION
+
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.cli')
+
+
+def resolve_path(path_str: str) -> Path:
+    path = Path(path_str)
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+    else:
+        return path.resolve()
+
+
+def cli(*args_: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Watch one or more directories and execute either a shell command or a python function on file changes.
+
+    Example of watching the current directory and calling a python function:
+
+        watchfiles foobar.main
+
+    Example of watching python files in two local directories and calling a shell command:
+
+        watchfiles --filter python 'pytest --lf' src tests
+
+    See https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/cli/ for more information.
+    """
+    args = args_ or sys.argv[1:]
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog='watchfiles',
+        description=dedent((cli.__doc__ or '').strip('\n')),
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('target', help='Command or dotted function path to run')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'paths', nargs='*', default='.', help='Filesystem paths to watch, defaults to current directory'
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--ignore-paths',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        help=(
+            'Specify directories to ignore, '
+            'to ignore multiple paths use a comma as separator, e.g. "env" or "env,node_modules"'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--target-type',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        default='auto',
+        choices=['command', 'function', 'auto'],
+        help=(
+            'Whether the target should be intercepted as a shell command or a python function, '
+            'defaults to "auto" which infers the target type from the target string'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--filter',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        default='default',
+        help=(
+            'Which files to watch, defaults to "default" which uses the "DefaultFilter", '
+            '"python" uses the "PythonFilter", "all" uses no filter, '
+            'any other value is interpreted as a python function/class path which is imported'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--args',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        help='Arguments to set on sys.argv before calling target function, used only if the target is a function',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('--verbose', action='store_true', help='Set log level to "debug", wins over `--verbosity`')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--non-recursive', action='store_true', help='Do not watch for changes in sub-directories recursively'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--verbosity',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        default='info',
+        choices=['warning', 'info', 'debug'],
+        help='Log level, defaults to "info"',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--sigint-timeout',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=int,
+        default=5,
+        help='How long to wait for the sigint timeout before sending sigkill.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--grace-period',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=float,
+        default=0,
+        help='Number of seconds after the process is started before watching for changes.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--sigkill-timeout',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=int,
+        default=1,
+        help='How long to wait for the sigkill timeout before issuing a timeout exception.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--ignore-permission-denied',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Ignore permission denied errors while watching files and directories.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('--version', '-V', action='version', version=f'%(prog)s v{VERSION}')
+    arg_namespace = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if arg_namespace.verbose:
+        log_level = logging.DEBUG
+    else:
+        log_level = getattr(logging, arg_namespace.verbosity.upper())
+
+    hdlr = logging.StreamHandler()
+    hdlr.setLevel(log_level)
+    hdlr.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(fmt='[%(asctime)s] %(message)s', datefmt='%H:%M:%S'))
+    wg_logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles')
+    wg_logger.addHandler(hdlr)
+    wg_logger.setLevel(log_level)
+
+    if arg_namespace.target_type == 'auto':
+        target_type = detect_target_type(arg_namespace.target)
+    else:
+        target_type = arg_namespace.target_type
+
+    if target_type == 'function':
+        logger.debug('target_type=function, attempting import of "%s"', arg_namespace.target)
+        import_exit(arg_namespace.target)
+        if arg_namespace.args:
+            sys.argv = [arg_namespace.target] + shlex.split(arg_namespace.args)
+    elif arg_namespace.args:
+        logger.warning('--args is only used when the target is a function')
+
+    try:
+        paths = [resolve_path(p) for p in arg_namespace.paths]
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        print(f'path "{e}" does not exist', file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    watch_filter, watch_filter_str = build_filter(arg_namespace.filter, arg_namespace.ignore_paths)
+
+    logger.info(
+        'watchfiles v%s 👀  path=%s target="%s" (%s) filter=%s...',
+        VERSION,
+        ', '.join(f'"{p}"' for p in paths),
+        arg_namespace.target,
+        target_type,
+        watch_filter_str,
+    )
+
+    run_process(
+        *paths,
+        target=arg_namespace.target,
+        target_type=target_type,
+        watch_filter=watch_filter,
+        debug=log_level == logging.DEBUG,
+        sigint_timeout=arg_namespace.sigint_timeout,
+        sigkill_timeout=arg_namespace.sigkill_timeout,
+        recursive=not arg_namespace.non_recursive,
+        ignore_permission_denied=arg_namespace.ignore_permission_denied,
+        grace_period=arg_namespace.grace_period,
+    )
+
+
+def import_exit(function_path: str) -> Any:
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    if cwd not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.append(cwd)
+
+    try:
+        return import_string(function_path)
+    except ImportError as e:
+        print(f'ImportError: {e}', file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def build_filter(
+    filter_name: str, ignore_paths_str: str | None
+) -> tuple[None | DefaultFilter | Callable[[Change, str], bool], str]:
+    ignore_paths: list[Path] = []
+    if ignore_paths_str:
+        ignore_paths = [Path(p).resolve() for p in ignore_paths_str.split(',')]
+
+    if filter_name == 'default':
+        return DefaultFilter(ignore_paths=ignore_paths), 'DefaultFilter'
+    elif filter_name == 'python':
+        return PythonFilter(ignore_paths=ignore_paths), 'PythonFilter'
+    elif filter_name == 'all':
+        if ignore_paths:
+            logger.warning('"--ignore-paths" argument ignored as "all" filter was selected')
+        return None, '(no filter)'
+
+    watch_filter_cls = import_exit(filter_name)
+    if isinstance(watch_filter_cls, type) and issubclass(watch_filter_cls, DefaultFilter):
+        return watch_filter_cls(ignore_paths=ignore_paths), watch_filter_cls.__name__
+
+    if ignore_paths:
+        logger.warning('"--ignore-paths" argument ignored as filter is not a subclass of DefaultFilter')
+
+    if isinstance(watch_filter_cls, type) and issubclass(watch_filter_cls, BaseFilter):
+        return watch_filter_cls(), watch_filter_cls.__name__
+    else:
+        watch_filter = cast(Callable[[Change, str], bool], watch_filter_cls)
+        return watch_filter, repr(watch_filter_cls)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/filters.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/filters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0e5333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/filters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+__all__ = 'BaseFilter', 'DefaultFilter', 'PythonFilter'
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.watcher')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .main import Change
+
+
+class BaseFilter:
+    """
+    Useful base class for creating filters. `BaseFilter` should be inherited and configured, rather than used
+    directly.
+
+    The class supports ignoring files in 3 ways:
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = '_ignore_dirs', '_ignore_entity_regexes', '_ignore_paths'
+    ignore_dirs: Sequence[str] = ()
+    """Full names of directories to ignore, an obvious example would be `.git`."""
+    ignore_entity_patterns: Sequence[str] = ()
+    """
+    Patterns of files or directories to ignore, these are compiled into regexes.
+
+    "entity" here refers to the specific file or directory - basically the result of `path.split(os.sep)[-1]`,
+    an obvious example would be `r'\\.py[cod]$'`.
+    """
+    ignore_paths: Sequence[str | Path] = ()
+    """
+    Full paths to ignore, e.g. `/home/users/.cache` or `C:\\Users\\user\\.cache`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._ignore_dirs = set(self.ignore_dirs)
+        self._ignore_entity_regexes = tuple(re.compile(r) for r in self.ignore_entity_patterns)
+        self._ignore_paths = tuple(map(str, self.ignore_paths))
+
+    def __call__(self, change: 'Change', path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Instances of `BaseFilter` subclasses can be used as callables.
+        Args:
+            change: The type of change that occurred, see [`Change`][watchfiles.Change].
+            path: the raw path of the file or directory that changed.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the file should be included in changes, False if it should be ignored.
+        """
+        parts = path.lstrip(os.sep).split(os.sep)
+        if any(p in self._ignore_dirs for p in parts):
+            return False
+
+        entity_name = parts[-1]
+        if any(r.search(entity_name) for r in self._ignore_entity_regexes):
+            return False
+        elif self._ignore_paths and path.startswith(self._ignore_paths):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        args = ', '.join(f'{k}={getattr(self, k, None)!r}' for k in self.__slots__)
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({args})'
+
+
+class DefaultFilter(BaseFilter):
+    """
+    The default filter, which ignores files and directories that you might commonly want to ignore.
+    """
+
+    ignore_dirs: Sequence[str] = (
+        '__pycache__',
+        '.git',
+        '.hg',
+        '.svn',
+        '.tox',
+        '.venv',
+        '.idea',
+        'node_modules',
+        '.mypy_cache',
+        '.pytest_cache',
+        '.hypothesis',
+    )
+    """Directory names to ignore."""
+
+    ignore_entity_patterns: Sequence[str] = (
+        r'\.py[cod]$',
+        r'\.___jb_...___$',
+        r'\.sw.$',
+        '~$',
+        r'^\.\#',
+        r'^\.DS_Store$',
+        r'^flycheck_',
+    )
+    """File/Directory name patterns to ignore."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ignore_dirs: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        ignore_entity_patterns: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        ignore_paths: Sequence[str | Path] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Args:
+            ignore_dirs: if not `None`, overrides the `ignore_dirs` value set on the class.
+            ignore_entity_patterns: if not `None`, overrides the `ignore_entity_patterns` value set on the class.
+            ignore_paths: if not `None`, overrides the `ignore_paths` value set on the class.
+        """
+        if ignore_dirs is not None:
+            self.ignore_dirs = ignore_dirs
+        if ignore_entity_patterns is not None:
+            self.ignore_entity_patterns = ignore_entity_patterns
+        if ignore_paths is not None:
+            self.ignore_paths = ignore_paths
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+
+class PythonFilter(DefaultFilter):
+    """
+    A filter for Python files, since this class inherits from [`DefaultFilter`][watchfiles.DefaultFilter]
+    it will ignore files and directories that you might commonly want to ignore as well as filtering out
+    all changes except in Python files (files with extensions `('.py', '.pyx', '.pyd')`).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ignore_paths: Sequence[str | Path] | None = None,
+        extra_extensions: Sequence[str] = (),
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Args:
+            ignore_paths: The paths to ignore, see [`BaseFilter`][watchfiles.BaseFilter].
+            extra_extensions: extra extensions to ignore.
+
+        `ignore_paths` and `extra_extensions` can be passed as arguments partly to support [CLI](../cli.md) usage where
+        `--ignore-paths` and `--extensions` can be passed as arguments.
+        """
+        self.extensions = ('.py', '.pyx', '.pyd') + tuple(extra_extensions)
+        super().__init__(ignore_paths=ignore_paths)
+
+    def __call__(self, change: 'Change', path: str) -> bool:
+        return path.endswith(self.extensions) and super().__call__(change, path)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/main.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0068dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Generator
+from enum import IntEnum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import anyio
+
+from ._rust_notify import RustNotify
+from .filters import DefaultFilter
+
+__all__ = 'watch', 'awatch', 'Change', 'FileChange'
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.main')
+
+
+class Change(IntEnum):
+    """
+    Enum representing the type of change that occurred.
+    """
+
+    added = 1
+    """A new file or directory was added."""
+    modified = 2
+    """A file or directory was modified, can be either a metadata or data change."""
+    deleted = 3
+    """A file or directory was deleted."""
+
+    def raw_str(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+
+FileChange = tuple[Change, str]
+"""
+A tuple representing a file change, first element is a [`Change`][watchfiles.Change] member, second is the path
+of the file or directory that changed.
+"""
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import asyncio
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    import trio
+
+    AnyEvent = anyio.Event | asyncio.Event | trio.Event
+
+    class AbstractEvent(Protocol):
+        def is_set(self) -> bool: ...
+
+
+def watch(
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    watch_filter: Callable[['Change', str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    stop_event: 'AbstractEvent | None' = None,
+    rust_timeout: int = 5_000,
+    yield_on_timeout: bool = False,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    raise_interrupt: bool = True,
+    force_polling: bool | None = None,
+    poll_delay_ms: int = 300,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool | None = None,
+) -> Generator[set[FileChange], None, None]:
+    """
+    Watch one or more paths and yield a set of changes whenever files change.
+
+    The paths watched can be directories or files, directories are watched recursively - changes in subdirectories
+    are also detected.
+
+    #### Force polling
+
+    Notify will fall back to file polling if it can't use file system notifications, but we also force Notify
+    to use polling if the `force_polling` argument is `True`; if `force_polling` is unset (or `None`), we enable
+    force polling thus:
+
+    * if the `WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING` environment variable exists and is not empty:
+        * if the value is `false`, `disable` or `disabled`, force polling is disabled
+        * otherwise, force polling is enabled
+    * otherwise, we enable force polling only if we detect we're running on WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
+
+    It is also possible to change the poll delay between iterations, it can be changed to maintain a good response time
+    and an appropiate CPU consumption using the `poll_delay_ms` argument, we change poll delay thus:
+
+    * if file polling is enabled and the `WATCHFILES_POLL_DELAY_MS` env var exists and it is numeric, we use that
+    * otherwise, we use the argument value
+
+    Args:
+        *paths: filesystem paths to watch.
+        watch_filter: callable used to filter out changes which are not important, you can either use a raw callable
+            or a [`BaseFilter`][watchfiles.BaseFilter] instance,
+            defaults to an instance of [`DefaultFilter`][watchfiles.DefaultFilter]. To keep all changes, use `None`.
+        debounce: maximum time in milliseconds to group changes over before yielding them.
+        step: time to wait for new changes in milliseconds, if no changes are detected in this time, and
+            at least one change has been detected, the changes are yielded.
+        stop_event: event to stop watching, if this is set, the generator will stop iteration,
+            this can be anything with an `is_set()` method which returns a bool, e.g. `threading.Event()`.
+        rust_timeout: maximum time in milliseconds to wait in the rust code for changes, `0` means no timeout.
+        yield_on_timeout: if `True`, the generator will yield upon timeout in rust even if no changes are detected.
+        debug: whether to print information about all filesystem changes in rust to stdout, if `None` will use the
+            `WATCHFILES_DEBUG` environment variable.
+        raise_interrupt: whether to re-raise `KeyboardInterrupt`s, or suppress the error and just stop iterating.
+        force_polling: See [Force polling](#force-polling) above.
+        poll_delay_ms: delay between polling for changes, only used if `force_polling=True`.
+        recursive: if `True`, watch for changes in sub-directories recursively, otherwise watch only for changes in the
+            top-level directory, default is `True`.
+        ignore_permission_denied: if `True`, will ignore permission denied errors, otherwise will raise them by default.
+            Setting the `WATCHFILES_IGNORE_PERMISSION_DENIED` environment variable will set this value too.
+
+    Yields:
+        The generator yields sets of [`FileChange`][watchfiles.main.FileChange]s.
+
+    ```py title="Example of watch usage"
+    from watchfiles import watch
+
+    for changes in watch('./first/dir', './second/dir', raise_interrupt=False):
+        print(changes)
+    ```
+    """
+    force_polling = _default_force_polling(force_polling)
+    poll_delay_ms = _default_poll_delay_ms(poll_delay_ms)
+    ignore_permission_denied = _default_ignore_permission_denied(ignore_permission_denied)
+    debug = _default_debug(debug)
+    with RustNotify(
+        [str(p) for p in paths], debug, force_polling, poll_delay_ms, recursive, ignore_permission_denied
+    ) as watcher:
+        while True:
+            raw_changes = watcher.watch(debounce, step, rust_timeout, stop_event)
+            if raw_changes == 'timeout':
+                if yield_on_timeout:
+                    yield set()
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('rust notify timeout, continuing')
+            elif raw_changes == 'signal':
+                if raise_interrupt:
+                    raise KeyboardInterrupt
+                else:
+                    logger.warning('KeyboardInterrupt caught, stopping watch')
+                    return
+            elif raw_changes == 'stop':
+                return
+            else:
+                changes = _prep_changes(raw_changes, watch_filter)
+                if changes:
+                    _log_changes(changes)
+                    yield changes
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('all changes filtered out, raw_changes=%s', raw_changes)
+
+
+async def awatch(  # C901
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    stop_event: 'AnyEvent | None' = None,
+    rust_timeout: int | None = None,
+    yield_on_timeout: bool = False,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    raise_interrupt: bool | None = None,
+    force_polling: bool | None = None,
+    poll_delay_ms: int = 300,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[set[FileChange], None]:
+    """
+    Asynchronous equivalent of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] using threads to wait for changes.
+    Arguments match those of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] except `stop_event`.
+
+    All async methods use [anyio](https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) to run the event loop.
+
+    Unlike [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] `KeyboardInterrupt` cannot be suppressed by `awatch` so they need to be caught
+    where `asyncio.run` or equivalent is called.
+
+    Args:
+        *paths: filesystem paths to watch.
+        watch_filter: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        debounce: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        step: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        stop_event: `anyio.Event` which can be used to stop iteration, see example below.
+        rust_timeout: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch], except that `None` means
+            use `1_000` on Windows and `5_000` on other platforms thus helping with exiting on `Ctrl+C` on Windows,
+            see [#110](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/110).
+        yield_on_timeout: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        debug: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        raise_interrupt: This is deprecated, `KeyboardInterrupt` will cause this coroutine to be cancelled and then
+            be raised by the top level `asyncio.run` call or equivalent, and should be caught there.
+            See [#136](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/136)
+        force_polling: if true, always use polling instead of file system notifications, default is `None` where
+            `force_polling` is set to `True` if the `WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING` environment variable exists.
+        poll_delay_ms: delay between polling for changes, only used if `force_polling=True`.
+            `poll_delay_ms` can be changed via the `WATCHFILES_POLL_DELAY_MS` environment variable.
+        recursive: if `True`, watch for changes in sub-directories recursively, otherwise watch only for changes in the
+            top-level directory, default is `True`.
+        ignore_permission_denied: if `True`, will ignore permission denied errors, otherwise will raise them by default.
+            Setting the `WATCHFILES_IGNORE_PERMISSION_DENIED` environment variable will set this value too.
+
+    Yields:
+        The generator yields sets of [`FileChange`][watchfiles.main.FileChange]s.
+
+    ```py title="Example of awatch usage"
+    import asyncio
+    from watchfiles import awatch
+
+    async def main():
+        async for changes in awatch('./first/dir', './second/dir'):
+            print(changes)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        try:
+            asyncio.run(main())
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print('stopped via KeyboardInterrupt')
+    ```
+
+    ```py title="Example of awatch usage with a stop event"
+    import asyncio
+    from watchfiles import awatch
+
+    async def main():
+        stop_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+        async def stop_soon():
+            await asyncio.sleep(3)
+            stop_event.set()
+
+        stop_soon_task = asyncio.create_task(stop_soon())
+
+        async for changes in awatch('/path/to/dir', stop_event=stop_event):
+            print(changes)
+
+        # cleanup by awaiting the (now complete) stop_soon_task
+        await stop_soon_task
+
+    asyncio.run(main())
+    ```
+    """
+    if raise_interrupt is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'raise_interrupt is deprecated, KeyboardInterrupt will cause this coroutine to be cancelled and then '
+            'be raised by the top level asyncio.run call or equivalent, and should be caught there. See #136.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    if stop_event is None:
+        stop_event_: AnyEvent = anyio.Event()
+    else:
+        stop_event_ = stop_event
+
+    force_polling = _default_force_polling(force_polling)
+    poll_delay_ms = _default_poll_delay_ms(poll_delay_ms)
+    ignore_permission_denied = _default_ignore_permission_denied(ignore_permission_denied)
+    debug = _default_debug(debug)
+    with RustNotify(
+        [str(p) for p in paths], debug, force_polling, poll_delay_ms, recursive, ignore_permission_denied
+    ) as watcher:
+        timeout = _calc_async_timeout(rust_timeout)
+        CancelledError = anyio.get_cancelled_exc_class()
+
+        while True:
+            async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+                try:
+                    raw_changes = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(watcher.watch, debounce, step, timeout, stop_event_)
+                except (CancelledError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+                    stop_event_.set()
+                    # suppressing KeyboardInterrupt wouldn't stop it getting raised by the top level asyncio.run call
+                    raise
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+            if raw_changes == 'timeout':
+                if yield_on_timeout:
+                    yield set()
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('rust notify timeout, continuing')
+            elif raw_changes == 'stop':
+                return
+            elif raw_changes == 'signal':
+                # in theory the watch thread should never get a signal
+                raise RuntimeError('watch thread unexpectedly received a signal')
+            else:
+                changes = _prep_changes(raw_changes, watch_filter)
+                if changes:
+                    _log_changes(changes)
+                    yield changes
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('all changes filtered out, raw_changes=%s', raw_changes)
+
+
+def _prep_changes(
+    raw_changes: set[tuple[int, str]], watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None
+) -> set[FileChange]:
+    # if we wanted to be really snazzy, we could move this into rust
+    changes = {(Change(change), path) for change, path in raw_changes}
+    if watch_filter:
+        changes = {c for c in changes if watch_filter(c[0], c[1])}
+    return changes
+
+
+def _log_changes(changes: set[FileChange]) -> None:
+    if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO):  # pragma: no branch
+        count = len(changes)
+        plural = '' if count == 1 else 's'
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            logger.debug('%d change%s detected: %s', count, plural, changes)
+        else:
+            logger.info('%d change%s detected', count, plural)
+
+
+def _calc_async_timeout(timeout: int | None) -> int:
+    """
+    see https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/110
+    """
+    if timeout is None:
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            return 1_000
+        else:
+            return 5_000
+    else:
+        return timeout
+
+
+def _default_force_polling(force_polling: bool | None) -> bool:
+    """
+    See docstring for `watch` above for details.
+
+    See samuelcolvin/watchfiles#167 and samuelcolvin/watchfiles#187 for discussion and rationale.
+    """
+    if force_polling is not None:
+        return force_polling
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING')
+    if env_var:
+        return env_var.lower() not in {'false', 'disable', 'disabled'}
+    else:
+        return _auto_force_polling()
+
+
+def _default_poll_delay_ms(poll_delay_ms: int) -> int:
+    """
+    See docstring for `watch` above for details.
+    """
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_POLL_DELAY_MS')
+    if env_var and env_var.isdecimal():
+        return int(env_var)
+    else:
+        return poll_delay_ms
+
+
+def _default_debug(debug: bool | None) -> bool:
+    if debug is not None:
+        return debug
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_DEBUG')
+    return bool(env_var)
+
+
+def _auto_force_polling() -> bool:
+    """
+    Whether to auto-enable force polling, it should be enabled automatically only on WSL.
+
+    See samuelcolvin/watchfiles#187 for discussion.
+    """
+    import platform
+
+    uname = platform.uname()
+    return 'microsoft-standard' in uname.release.lower() and uname.system.lower() == 'linux'
+
+
+def _default_ignore_permission_denied(ignore_permission_denied: bool | None) -> bool:
+    if ignore_permission_denied is not None:
+        return ignore_permission_denied
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_IGNORE_PERMISSION_DENIED')
+    return bool(env_var)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cd6d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Marker file for PEP 561. The watchfiles package uses inline types.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/run.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/run.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8636618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/run.py
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+import contextlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from importlib import import_module
+from multiprocessing import get_context
+from multiprocessing.context import SpawnProcess
+from pathlib import Path
+from time import sleep
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+import anyio
+
+from .filters import DefaultFilter
+from .main import Change, FileChange, awatch, watch
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal
+
+__all__ = 'run_process', 'arun_process', 'detect_target_type', 'import_string'
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.main')
+
+
+def run_process(
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    target: str | Callable[..., Any],
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    target_type: "Literal['function', 'command', 'auto']" = 'auto',
+    callback: Callable[[set[FileChange]], None] | None = None,
+    watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    grace_period: float = 0,
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    sigint_timeout: int = 5,
+    sigkill_timeout: int = 1,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool = False,
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Run a process and restart it upon file changes.
+
+    `run_process` can work in two ways:
+
+    * Using `multiprocessing.Process` † to run a python function
+    * Or, using `subprocess.Popen` to run a command
+
+    !!! note
+
+        **†** technically `multiprocessing.get_context('spawn').Process` to avoid forking and improve
+        code reload/import.
+
+    Internally, `run_process` uses [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] with `raise_interrupt=False` so the function
+    exits cleanly upon `Ctrl+C`.
+
+    Args:
+        *paths: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        target: function or command to run
+        args: arguments to pass to `target`, only used if `target` is a function
+        kwargs: keyword arguments to pass to `target`, only used if `target` is a function
+        target_type: type of target. Can be `'function'`, `'command'`, or `'auto'` in which case
+            [`detect_target_type`][watchfiles.run.detect_target_type] is used to determine the type.
+        callback: function to call on each reload, the function should accept a set of changes as the sole argument
+        watch_filter: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        grace_period: number of seconds after the process is started before watching for changes
+        debounce: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        step: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        debug: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        sigint_timeout: the number of seconds to wait after sending sigint before sending sigkill
+        sigkill_timeout: the number of seconds to wait after sending sigkill before raising an exception
+        recursive: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+
+    Returns:
+        number of times the function was reloaded.
+
+    ```py title="Example of run_process running a function"
+    from watchfiles import run_process
+
+    def callback(changes):
+        print('changes detected:', changes)
+
+    def foobar(a, b):
+        print('foobar called with:', a, b)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        run_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2), callback=callback)
+    ```
+
+    As well as using a `callback` function, changes can be accessed from within the target function,
+    using the `WATCHFILES_CHANGES` environment variable.
+
+    ```py title="Example of run_process accessing changes"
+    from watchfiles import run_process
+
+    def foobar(a, b, c):
+        # changes will be an empty list "[]" the first time the function is called
+        changes = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_CHANGES')
+        changes = json.loads(changes)
+        print('foobar called due to changes:', changes)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        run_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2, 3))
+    ```
+
+    Again with the target as `command`, `WATCHFILES_CHANGES` can be used
+    to access changes.
+
+    ```bash title="example.sh"
+    echo "changers: ${WATCHFILES_CHANGES}"
+    ```
+
+    ```py title="Example of run_process running a command"
+    from watchfiles import run_process
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        run_process('.', target='./example.sh')
+    ```
+    """
+    if target_type == 'auto':
+        target_type = detect_target_type(target)
+
+    logger.debug('running "%s" as %s', target, target_type)
+    catch_sigterm()
+    process = start_process(target, target_type, args, kwargs)
+    reloads = 0
+
+    if grace_period:
+        logger.debug('sleeping for %s seconds before watching for changes', grace_period)
+        sleep(grace_period)
+
+    try:
+        for changes in watch(
+            *paths,
+            watch_filter=watch_filter,
+            debounce=debounce,
+            step=step,
+            debug=debug,
+            raise_interrupt=False,
+            recursive=recursive,
+            ignore_permission_denied=ignore_permission_denied,
+        ):
+            callback and callback(changes)
+            process.stop(sigint_timeout=sigint_timeout, sigkill_timeout=sigkill_timeout)
+            process = start_process(target, target_type, args, kwargs, changes)
+            reloads += 1
+    finally:
+        process.stop()
+    return reloads
+
+
+async def arun_process(
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    target: str | Callable[..., Any],
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    target_type: "Literal['function', 'command', 'auto']" = 'auto',
+    callback: Callable[[set[FileChange]], Any] | None = None,
+    watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    grace_period: float = 0,
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool = False,
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Async equivalent of [`run_process`][watchfiles.run_process], all arguments match those of `run_process` except
+    `callback` which can be a coroutine.
+
+    Starting and stopping the process and watching for changes is done in a separate thread.
+
+    As with `run_process`, internally `arun_process` uses [`awatch`][watchfiles.awatch], however `KeyboardInterrupt`
+    cannot be caught and suppressed in `awatch` so these errors need to be caught separately, see below.
+
+    ```py title="Example of arun_process usage"
+    import asyncio
+    from watchfiles import arun_process
+
+    async def callback(changes):
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+        print('changes detected:', changes)
+
+    def foobar(a, b):
+        print('foobar called with:', a, b)
+
+    async def main():
+        await arun_process('.', target=foobar, args=(1, 2), callback=callback)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        try:
+            asyncio.run(main())
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print('stopped via KeyboardInterrupt')
+    ```
+    """
+    import inspect
+
+    if target_type == 'auto':
+        target_type = detect_target_type(target)
+
+    logger.debug('running "%s" as %s', target, target_type)
+    catch_sigterm()
+    process = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(start_process, target, target_type, args, kwargs)
+    reloads = 0
+
+    if grace_period:
+        logger.debug('sleeping for %s seconds before watching for changes', grace_period)
+        await anyio.sleep(grace_period)
+
+    async for changes in awatch(
+        *paths,
+        watch_filter=watch_filter,
+        debounce=debounce,
+        step=step,
+        debug=debug,
+        recursive=recursive,
+        ignore_permission_denied=ignore_permission_denied,
+    ):
+        if callback is not None:
+            r = callback(changes)
+            if inspect.isawaitable(r):
+                await r
+
+        await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(process.stop)
+        process = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(start_process, target, target_type, args, kwargs, changes)
+        reloads += 1
+    await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(process.stop)
+    return reloads
+
+
+# Use spawn context to make sure code run in subprocess
+# does not reuse imported modules in main process/context
+spawn_context = get_context('spawn')
+
+
+def split_cmd(cmd: str) -> list[str]:
+    import platform
+
+    posix = platform.uname().system.lower() != 'windows'
+    return shlex.split(cmd, posix=posix)
+
+
+def start_process(
+    target: str | Callable[..., Any],
+    target_type: "Literal['function', 'command']",
+    args: tuple[Any, ...],
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    changes: set[FileChange] | None = None,
+) -> 'CombinedProcess':
+    if changes is None:
+        changes_env_var = '[]'
+    else:
+        changes_env_var = json.dumps([[c.raw_str(), p] for c, p in changes])
+
+    os.environ['WATCHFILES_CHANGES'] = changes_env_var
+
+    process: SpawnProcess | subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    if target_type == 'function':
+        kwargs = kwargs or {}
+        if isinstance(target, str):
+            args = target, get_tty_path(), args, kwargs
+            target_ = run_function
+            kwargs = {}
+        else:
+            target_ = target
+
+        process = spawn_context.Process(target=target_, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        process.start()
+    else:
+        if args or kwargs:
+            logger.warning('ignoring args and kwargs for "command" target')
+
+        assert isinstance(target, str), 'target must be a string to run as a command'
+        popen_args = split_cmd(target)
+        process = subprocess.Popen(popen_args)
+    return CombinedProcess(process)
+
+
+def detect_target_type(target: str | Callable[..., Any]) -> "Literal['function', 'command']":
+    """
+    Used by [`run_process`][watchfiles.run_process], [`arun_process`][watchfiles.arun_process]
+    and indirectly the CLI to determine the target type with `target_type` is `auto`.
+
+    Detects the target type - either `function` or `command`. This method is only called with `target_type='auto'`.
+
+    The following logic is employed:
+
+    * If `target` is not a string, it is assumed to be a function
+    * If `target` ends with `.py` or `.sh`, it is assumed to be a command
+    * Otherwise, the target is assumed to be a function if it matches the regex `[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)+`
+
+    If this logic does not work for you, specify the target type explicitly using the `target_type` function argument
+    or `--target-type` command line argument.
+
+    Args:
+        target: The target value
+
+    Returns:
+        either `'function'` or `'command'`
+    """
+    if not isinstance(target, str):
+        return 'function'
+    elif target.endswith(('.py', '.sh')):
+        return 'command'
+    elif re.fullmatch(r'[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)+', target):
+        return 'function'
+    else:
+        return 'command'
+
+
+class CombinedProcess:
+    def __init__(self, p: 'SpawnProcess | subprocess.Popen[bytes]'):
+        self._p = p
+        assert self.pid is not None, 'process not yet spawned'
+
+    def stop(self, sigint_timeout: int = 5, sigkill_timeout: int = 1) -> None:
+        os.environ.pop('WATCHFILES_CHANGES', None)
+        if self.is_alive():
+            logger.debug('stopping process...')
+
+            os.kill(self.pid, signal.SIGINT)
+
+            try:
+                self.join(sigint_timeout)
+            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+                # Capture this exception to allow the self.exitcode to be reached.
+                # This will allow the SIGKILL to be sent, otherwise it is swallowed up.
+                logger.warning('SIGINT timed out after %r seconds', sigint_timeout)
+                pass
+
+            if self.exitcode is None:
+                logger.warning('process has not terminated, sending SIGKILL')
+                os.kill(self.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+                self.join(sigkill_timeout)
+            else:
+                logger.debug('process stopped')
+        else:
+            logger.warning('process already dead, exit code: %d', self.exitcode)
+
+    def is_alive(self) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(self._p, SpawnProcess):
+            return self._p.is_alive()
+        else:
+            return self._p.poll() is None
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        # we check the process has always been spawned when CombinedProcess is initialised
+        return self._p.pid  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def join(self, timeout: int) -> None:
+        if isinstance(self._p, SpawnProcess):
+            self._p.join(timeout)
+        else:
+            self._p.wait(timeout)
+
+    @property
+    def exitcode(self) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(self._p, SpawnProcess):
+            return self._p.exitcode
+        else:
+            return self._p.returncode
+
+
+def run_function(function: str, tty_path: str | None, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    with set_tty(tty_path):
+        func = import_string(function)
+        func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def import_string(dotted_path: str) -> Any:
+    """
+    Stolen approximately from django. Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
+    last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.strip(' ').rsplit('.', 1)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'"{dotted_path}" doesn\'t look like a module path') from e
+
+    module = import_module(module_path)
+    try:
+        return getattr(module, class_name)
+    except AttributeError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'Module "{module_path}" does not define a "{class_name}" attribute') from e
+
+
+def get_tty_path() -> str | None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Return the path to the current TTY, if any.
+
+    Virtually impossible to test in pytest, hence no cover.
+    """
+    try:
+        return os.ttyname(sys.stdin.fileno())
+    except OSError:
+        # fileno() always fails with pytest
+        return '/dev/tty'
+    except AttributeError:
+        # on Windows. No idea of a better solution
+        return None
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def set_tty(tty_path: str | None) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    if tty_path:
+        try:
+            with open(tty_path) as tty:  # pragma: no cover
+                sys.stdin = tty
+                yield
+        except OSError:
+            # eg. "No such device or address: '/dev/tty'", see https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/40
+            yield
+    else:
+        # currently on windows tty_path is None and there's nothing we can do here
+        yield
+
+
+def raise_keyboard_interrupt(signum: int, _frame: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    logger.warning('received signal %s, raising KeyboardInterrupt', signal.Signals(signum))
+    raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+
+def catch_sigterm() -> None:
+    """
+    Catch SIGTERM and raise KeyboardInterrupt instead. This means watchfiles will stop quickly
+    on `docker compose stop` and other cases where SIGTERM is sent.
+
+    Without this the watchfiles process will be killed while a running process will continue uninterrupted.
+    """
+    logger.debug('registering handler for SIGTERM on watchfiles process %d', os.getpid())
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, raise_keyboard_interrupt)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f55721f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from ._rust_notify import __version__
+
+__all__ = ('VERSION',)
+
+VERSION = __version__
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/METADATA b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53b147e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: websockets
+Version: 16.0
+Summary: An implementation of the WebSocket Protocol (RFC 6455 & 7692)
+Author-email: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/changelog.html
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://websockets.readthedocs.io/
+Project-URL: Funding, https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-websockets?utm_source=pypi-websockets&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme
+Project-URL: Tracker, https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/issues
+Keywords: WebSocket
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: description-content-type
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: logo/horizontal.svg
+   :width: 480px
+   :alt: websockets
+
+|licence| |version| |pyversions| |tests| |docs| |openssf|
+
+.. |licence| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/websockets.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websockets
+
+.. |version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/websockets.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websockets
+
+.. |pyversions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/websockets.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websockets
+
+.. |tests| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/checks-status/python-websockets/websockets/main?label=tests
+   :target: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/actions/workflows/tests.yml
+
+.. |docs| image:: https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/websockets.svg
+   :target: https://websockets.readthedocs.io/
+
+.. |openssf| image:: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6475/badge
+   :target: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6475
+
+What is ``websockets``?
+-----------------------
+
+websockets is a library for building WebSocket_ servers and clients in Python
+with a focus on correctness, simplicity, robustness, and performance.
+
+.. _WebSocket: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API
+
+Built on top of ``asyncio``, Python's standard asynchronous I/O framework, the
+default implementation provides an elegant coroutine-based API.
+
+An implementation on top of ``threading`` and a Sans-I/O implementation are also
+available.
+
+`Documentation is available on Read the Docs. <https://websockets.readthedocs.io/>`_
+
+.. copy-pasted because GitHub doesn't support the include directive
+
+Here's an echo server with the ``asyncio`` API:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+    import asyncio
+    from websockets.asyncio.server import serve
+
+    async def echo(websocket):
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await websocket.send(message)
+
+    async def main():
+        async with serve(echo, "localhost", 8765) as server:
+            await server.serve_forever()
+
+    asyncio.run(main())
+
+Here's how a client sends and receives messages with the ``threading`` API:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+    from websockets.sync.client import connect
+
+    def hello():
+        with connect("ws://localhost:8765") as websocket:
+            websocket.send("Hello world!")
+            message = websocket.recv()
+            print(f"Received: {message}")
+
+    hello()
+
+
+Does that look good?
+
+`Get started with the tutorial! <https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/intro/index.html>`_
+
+Why should I use ``websockets``?
+--------------------------------
+
+The development of ``websockets`` is shaped by four principles:
+
+1. **Correctness**: ``websockets`` is heavily tested for compliance with
+   :rfc:`6455`. Continuous integration fails under 100% branch coverage.
+
+2. **Simplicity**: all you need to understand is ``msg = await ws.recv()`` and
+   ``await ws.send(msg)``. ``websockets`` takes care of managing connections
+   so you can focus on your application.
+
+3. **Robustness**: ``websockets`` is built for production. For example, it was
+   the only library to `handle backpressure correctly`_ before the issue
+   became widely known in the Python community.
+
+4. **Performance**: memory usage is optimized and configurable. A C extension
+   accelerates expensive operations. It's pre-compiled for Linux, macOS and
+   Windows and packaged in the wheel format for each system and Python version.
+
+Documentation is a first class concern in the project. Head over to `Read the
+Docs`_ and see for yourself.
+
+.. _Read the Docs: https://websockets.readthedocs.io/
+.. _handle backpressure correctly: https://vorpus.org/blog/some-thoughts-on-asynchronous-api-design-in-a-post-asyncawait-world/#websocket-servers
+
+Why shouldn't I use ``websockets``?
+-----------------------------------
+
+* If you prefer callbacks over coroutines: ``websockets`` was created to
+  provide the best coroutine-based API to manage WebSocket connections in
+  Python. Pick another library for a callback-based API.
+
+* If you're looking for a mixed HTTP / WebSocket library: ``websockets`` aims
+  at being an excellent implementation of :rfc:`6455`: The WebSocket Protocol
+  and :rfc:`7692`: Compression Extensions for WebSocket. Its support for HTTP
+  is minimal — just enough for an HTTP health check.
+
+  If you want to do both in the same server, look at HTTP + WebSocket servers
+  that build on top of ``websockets`` to support WebSocket connections, like
+  uvicorn_ or Sanic_.
+
+.. _uvicorn: https://www.uvicorn.org/
+.. _Sanic: https://sanic.dev/en/
+
+What else?
+----------
+
+Bug reports, patches and suggestions are welcome!
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the `Tidelift security
+contact`_. Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+.. _Tidelift security contact: https://tidelift.com/security
+
+For anything else, please open an issue_ or send a `pull request`_.
+
+.. _issue: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/issues/new
+.. _pull request: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/compare/
+
+Participants must uphold the `Contributor Covenant code of conduct`_.
+
+.. _Contributor Covenant code of conduct: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+
+``websockets`` is released under the `BSD license`_.
+
+.. _BSD license: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/blob/main/LICENSE
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/RECORD b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/RECORD
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index 0000000..4a9e0cf
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9921a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux1_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60cd61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+websockets = websockets.cli:main
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d61ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Copyright (c) Aymeric Augustin and contributors
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+      without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14774b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+websockets
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f90aff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+# Importing the typing module would conflict with websockets.typing.
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .imports import lazy_import
+from .version import version as __version__  # noqa: F401
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # .asyncio.client
+    "connect",
+    "unix_connect",
+    "ClientConnection",
+    # .asyncio.router
+    "route",
+    "unix_route",
+    "Router",
+    # .asyncio.server
+    "basic_auth",
+    "broadcast",
+    "serve",
+    "unix_serve",
+    "ServerConnection",
+    "Server",
+    # .client
+    "ClientProtocol",
+    # .datastructures
+    "Headers",
+    "HeadersLike",
+    "MultipleValuesError",
+    # .exceptions
+    "ConcurrencyError",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "ConnectionClosedError",
+    "ConnectionClosedOK",
+    "DuplicateParameter",
+    "InvalidHandshake",
+    "InvalidHeader",
+    "InvalidHeaderFormat",
+    "InvalidHeaderValue",
+    "InvalidMessage",
+    "InvalidOrigin",
+    "InvalidParameterName",
+    "InvalidParameterValue",
+    "InvalidProxy",
+    "InvalidProxyMessage",
+    "InvalidProxyStatus",
+    "InvalidState",
+    "InvalidStatus",
+    "InvalidUpgrade",
+    "InvalidURI",
+    "NegotiationError",
+    "PayloadTooBig",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "SecurityError",
+    "WebSocketException",
+    # .frames
+    "Close",
+    "CloseCode",
+    "Frame",
+    "Opcode",
+    # .http11
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    # .protocol
+    "Protocol",
+    "Side",
+    "State",
+    # .server
+    "ServerProtocol",
+    # .typing
+    "Data",
+    "ExtensionName",
+    "ExtensionParameter",
+    "LoggerLike",
+    "StatusLike",
+    "Origin",
+    "Subprotocol",
+]
+
+# When type checking, import non-deprecated aliases eagerly. Else, import on demand.
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .asyncio.client import ClientConnection, connect, unix_connect
+    from .asyncio.router import Router, route, unix_route
+    from .asyncio.server import (
+        Server,
+        ServerConnection,
+        basic_auth,
+        broadcast,
+        serve,
+        unix_serve,
+    )
+    from .client import ClientProtocol
+    from .datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike, MultipleValuesError
+    from .exceptions import (
+        ConcurrencyError,
+        ConnectionClosed,
+        ConnectionClosedError,
+        ConnectionClosedOK,
+        DuplicateParameter,
+        InvalidHandshake,
+        InvalidHeader,
+        InvalidHeaderFormat,
+        InvalidHeaderValue,
+        InvalidMessage,
+        InvalidOrigin,
+        InvalidParameterName,
+        InvalidParameterValue,
+        InvalidProxy,
+        InvalidProxyMessage,
+        InvalidProxyStatus,
+        InvalidState,
+        InvalidStatus,
+        InvalidUpgrade,
+        InvalidURI,
+        NegotiationError,
+        PayloadTooBig,
+        ProtocolError,
+        ProxyError,
+        SecurityError,
+        WebSocketException,
+    )
+    from .frames import Close, CloseCode, Frame, Opcode
+    from .http11 import Request, Response
+    from .protocol import Protocol, Side, State
+    from .server import ServerProtocol
+    from .typing import (
+        Data,
+        ExtensionName,
+        ExtensionParameter,
+        LoggerLike,
+        Origin,
+        StatusLike,
+        Subprotocol,
+    )
+else:
+    lazy_import(
+        globals(),
+        aliases={
+            # .asyncio.client
+            "connect": ".asyncio.client",
+            "unix_connect": ".asyncio.client",
+            "ClientConnection": ".asyncio.client",
+            # .asyncio.router
+            "route": ".asyncio.router",
+            "unix_route": ".asyncio.router",
+            "Router": ".asyncio.router",
+            # .asyncio.server
+            "basic_auth": ".asyncio.server",
+            "broadcast": ".asyncio.server",
+            "serve": ".asyncio.server",
+            "unix_serve": ".asyncio.server",
+            "ServerConnection": ".asyncio.server",
+            "Server": ".asyncio.server",
+            # .client
+            "ClientProtocol": ".client",
+            # .datastructures
+            "Headers": ".datastructures",
+            "HeadersLike": ".datastructures",
+            "MultipleValuesError": ".datastructures",
+            # .exceptions
+            "ConcurrencyError": ".exceptions",
+            "ConnectionClosed": ".exceptions",
+            "ConnectionClosedError": ".exceptions",
+            "ConnectionClosedOK": ".exceptions",
+            "DuplicateParameter": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHandshake": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHeader": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHeaderFormat": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHeaderValue": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidMessage": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidOrigin": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidParameterName": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidParameterValue": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidProxy": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidProxyMessage": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidProxyStatus": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidState": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidStatus": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidUpgrade": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidURI": ".exceptions",
+            "NegotiationError": ".exceptions",
+            "PayloadTooBig": ".exceptions",
+            "ProtocolError": ".exceptions",
+            "ProxyError": ".exceptions",
+            "SecurityError": ".exceptions",
+            "WebSocketException": ".exceptions",
+            # .frames
+            "Close": ".frames",
+            "CloseCode": ".frames",
+            "Frame": ".frames",
+            "Opcode": ".frames",
+            # .http11
+            "Request": ".http11",
+            "Response": ".http11",
+            # .protocol
+            "Protocol": ".protocol",
+            "Side": ".protocol",
+            "State": ".protocol",
+            # .server
+            "ServerProtocol": ".server",
+            # .typing
+            "Data": ".typing",
+            "ExtensionName": ".typing",
+            "ExtensionParameter": ".typing",
+            "LoggerLike": ".typing",
+            "Origin": ".typing",
+            "StatusLike": ".typing",
+            "Subprotocol": ".typing",
+        },
+        deprecated_aliases={
+            # deprecated in 9.0 - 2021-09-01
+            "framing": ".legacy",
+            "handshake": ".legacy",
+            "parse_uri": ".uri",
+            "WebSocketURI": ".uri",
+            # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+            # .legacy.auth
+            "BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol": ".legacy.auth",
+            "basic_auth_protocol_factory": ".legacy.auth",
+            # .legacy.client
+            "WebSocketClientProtocol": ".legacy.client",
+            # .legacy.exceptions
+            "AbortHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            "InvalidStatusCode": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            "RedirectHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            "WebSocketProtocolError": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            # .legacy.protocol
+            "WebSocketCommonProtocol": ".legacy.protocol",
+            # .legacy.server
+            "WebSocketServer": ".legacy.server",
+            "WebSocketServerProtocol": ".legacy.server",
+        },
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__main__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f05ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .cli import main
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/async_timeout.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/async_timeout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ffa899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/async_timeout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+# From https://github.com/aio-libs/async-timeout/blob/master/async_timeout/__init__.py
+# Licensed under the Apache License (Apache-2.0)
+
+import asyncio
+import enum
+import sys
+import warnings
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import final
+else:
+    # From https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/src/typing_extensions.py
+    # Licensed under the Python Software Foundation License (PSF-2.0)
+
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+    # End https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/src/typing_extensions.py
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    def _uncancel_task(task: "asyncio.Task[object]") -> None:
+        task.uncancel()
+
+else:
+
+    def _uncancel_task(task: "asyncio.Task[object]") -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+__version__ = "4.0.3"
+
+
+__all__ = ("timeout", "timeout_at", "Timeout")
+
+
+def timeout(delay: Optional[float]) -> "Timeout":
+    """timeout context manager.
+
+    Useful in cases when you want to apply timeout logic around block
+    of code or in cases when asyncio.wait_for is not suitable. For example:
+
+    >>> async with timeout(0.001):
+    ...     async with aiohttp.get('https://github.com') as r:
+    ...         await r.text()
+
+
+    delay - value in seconds or None to disable timeout logic
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    if delay is not None:
+        deadline = loop.time() + delay  # type: Optional[float]
+    else:
+        deadline = None
+    return Timeout(deadline, loop)
+
+
+def timeout_at(deadline: Optional[float]) -> "Timeout":
+    """Schedule the timeout at absolute time.
+
+    deadline argument points on the time in the same clock system
+    as loop.time().
+
+    Please note: it is not POSIX time but a time with
+    undefined starting base, e.g. the time of the system power on.
+
+    >>> async with timeout_at(loop.time() + 10):
+    ...     async with aiohttp.get('https://github.com') as r:
+    ...         await r.text()
+
+
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    return Timeout(deadline, loop)
+
+
+class _State(enum.Enum):
+    INIT = "INIT"
+    ENTER = "ENTER"
+    TIMEOUT = "TIMEOUT"
+    EXIT = "EXIT"
+
+
+@final
+class Timeout:
+    # Internal class, please don't instantiate it directly
+    # Use timeout() and timeout_at() public factories instead.
+    #
+    # Implementation note: `async with timeout()` is preferred
+    # over `with timeout()`.
+    # While technically the Timeout class implementation
+    # doesn't need to be async at all,
+    # the `async with` statement explicitly points that
+    # the context manager should be used from async function context.
+    #
+    # This design allows to avoid many silly misusages.
+    #
+    # TimeoutError is raised immediately when scheduled
+    # if the deadline is passed.
+    # The purpose is to time out as soon as possible
+    # without waiting for the next await expression.
+
+    __slots__ = ("_deadline", "_loop", "_state", "_timeout_handler", "_task")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, deadline: Optional[float], loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
+    ) -> None:
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._state = _State.INIT
+
+        self._task: Optional["asyncio.Task[object]"] = None
+        self._timeout_handler = None  # type: Optional[asyncio.Handle]
+        if deadline is None:
+            self._deadline = None  # type: Optional[float]
+        else:
+            self.update(deadline)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Timeout":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "with timeout() is deprecated, use async with timeout() instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        self._do_enter()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> Optional[bool]:
+        self._do_exit(exc_type)
+        return None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> "Timeout":
+        self._do_enter()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> Optional[bool]:
+        self._do_exit(exc_type)
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def expired(self) -> bool:
+        """Is timeout expired during execution?"""
+        return self._state == _State.TIMEOUT
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        return self._deadline
+
+    def reject(self) -> None:
+        """Reject scheduled timeout if any."""
+        # cancel is maybe better name but
+        # task.cancel() raises CancelledError in asyncio world.
+        if self._state not in (_State.INIT, _State.ENTER):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"invalid state {self._state.value}")
+        self._reject()
+
+    def _reject(self) -> None:
+        self._task = None
+        if self._timeout_handler is not None:
+            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+            self._timeout_handler = None
+
+    def shift(self, delay: float) -> None:
+        """Advance timeout on delay seconds.
+
+        The delay can be negative.
+
+        Raise RuntimeError if shift is called when deadline is not scheduled
+        """
+        deadline = self._deadline
+        if deadline is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot shift timeout if deadline is not scheduled")
+        self.update(deadline + delay)
+
+    def update(self, deadline: float) -> None:
+        """Set deadline to absolute value.
+
+        deadline argument points on the time in the same clock system
+        as loop.time().
+
+        If new deadline is in the past the timeout is raised immediately.
+
+        Please note: it is not POSIX time but a time with
+        undefined starting base, e.g. the time of the system power on.
+        """
+        if self._state == _State.EXIT:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot reschedule after exit from context manager")
+        if self._state == _State.TIMEOUT:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot reschedule expired timeout")
+        if self._timeout_handler is not None:
+            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+        self._deadline = deadline
+        if self._state != _State.INIT:
+            self._reschedule()
+
+    def _reschedule(self) -> None:
+        assert self._state == _State.ENTER
+        deadline = self._deadline
+        if deadline is None:
+            return
+
+        now = self._loop.time()
+        if self._timeout_handler is not None:
+            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+
+        self._task = asyncio.current_task()
+        if deadline <= now:
+            self._timeout_handler = self._loop.call_soon(self._on_timeout)
+        else:
+            self._timeout_handler = self._loop.call_at(deadline, self._on_timeout)
+
+    def _do_enter(self) -> None:
+        if self._state != _State.INIT:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"invalid state {self._state.value}")
+        self._state = _State.ENTER
+        self._reschedule()
+
+    def _do_exit(self, exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]]) -> None:
+        if exc_type is asyncio.CancelledError and self._state == _State.TIMEOUT:
+            assert self._task is not None
+            _uncancel_task(self._task)
+            self._timeout_handler = None
+            self._task = None
+            raise asyncio.TimeoutError
+        # timeout has not expired
+        self._state = _State.EXIT
+        self._reject()
+        return None
+
+    def _on_timeout(self) -> None:
+        assert self._task is not None
+        self._task.cancel()
+        self._state = _State.TIMEOUT
+        # drop the reference early
+        self._timeout_handler = None
+
+
+# End https://github.com/aio-libs/async-timeout/blob/master/async_timeout/__init__.py
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/client.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05947f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import traceback
+import urllib.parse
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Generator, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, cast
+
+from ..client import ClientProtocol, backoff
+from ..datastructures import HeadersLike
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidProxyMessage,
+    InvalidProxyStatus,
+    InvalidStatus,
+    ProxyError,
+    SecurityError,
+)
+from ..extensions.base import ClientExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_client_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import validate_subprotocols
+from ..http11 import USER_AGENT, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, Event
+from ..proxy import Proxy, get_proxy, parse_proxy, prepare_connect_request
+from ..streams import StreamReader
+from ..typing import LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+from ..uri import WebSocketURI, parse_uri
+from .compatibility import TimeoutError, asyncio_timeout
+from .connection import Connection
+
+
+__all__ = ["connect", "unix_connect", "ClientConnection"]
+
+MAX_REDIRECTS = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_REDIRECTS", "10"))
+
+
+class ClientConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`asyncio` implementation of a WebSocket client connection.
+
+    :class:`ClientConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` coroutines
+    for receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, ``max_queue``,
+    and ``write_limit`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`connect`.
+
+    Args:
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        protocol: ClientProtocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ClientProtocol
+        super().__init__(
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+        )
+        self.response_rcvd: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        async with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+            self.request = self.protocol.connect()
+            if additional_headers is not None:
+                self.request.headers.update(additional_headers)
+            if user_agent_header is not None:
+                self.request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", user_agent_header)
+            self.protocol.send_request(self.request)
+
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [self.response_rcvd, self.connection_lost_waiter],
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a response, when the response cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # response fails the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake response.
+        if self.response is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Response)
+            self.response = event
+            self.response_rcvd.set_result(None)
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+
+def process_exception(exc: Exception) -> Exception | None:
+    """
+    Determine whether a connection error is retryable or fatal.
+
+    When reconnecting automatically with ``async for ... in connect(...)``, if a
+    connection attempt fails, :func:`process_exception` is called to determine
+    whether to retry connecting or to raise the exception.
+
+    This function defines the default behavior, which is to retry on:
+
+    * :exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`asyncio.TimeoutError`: network
+      errors;
+    * :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.InvalidStatus` when the status code is 500,
+      502, 503, or 504: server or proxy errors.
+
+    All other exceptions are considered fatal.
+
+    You can change this behavior with the ``process_exception`` argument of
+    :func:`connect`.
+
+    Return :obj:`None` if the exception is retryable i.e. when the error could
+    be transient and trying to reconnect with the same parameters could succeed.
+    The exception will be logged at the ``INFO`` level.
+
+    Return an exception, either ``exc`` or a new exception, if the exception is
+    fatal i.e. when trying to reconnect will most likely produce the same error.
+    That exception will be raised, breaking out of the retry loop.
+
+    """
+    # This catches python-socks' ProxyConnectionError and ProxyTimeoutError.
+    # Remove asyncio.TimeoutError when dropping Python < 3.11.
+    if isinstance(exc, (OSError, TimeoutError, asyncio.TimeoutError)):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(exc, InvalidMessage) and isinstance(exc.__cause__, EOFError):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(exc, InvalidStatus) and exc.response.status_code in [
+        500,  # Internal Server Error
+        502,  # Bad Gateway
+        503,  # Service Unavailable
+        504,  # Gateway Timeout
+    ]:
+        return None
+    return exc
+
+
+# This is spelled in lower case because it's exposed as a callable in the API.
+class connect:
+    """
+    Connect to the WebSocket server at ``uri``.
+
+    This coroutine returns a :class:`ClientConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    :func:`connect` may be used as an asynchronous context manager::
+
+        from websockets.asyncio.client import connect
+
+        async with connect(...) as websocket:
+            ...
+
+    The connection is closed automatically when exiting the context.
+
+    :func:`connect` can be used as an infinite asynchronous iterator to
+    reconnect automatically on errors::
+
+        async for websocket in connect(...):
+            try:
+                ...
+            except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed:
+                continue
+
+    If the connection fails with a transient error, it is retried with
+    exponential backoff. If it fails with a fatal error, the exception is
+    raised, breaking out of the loop.
+
+    The connection is closed automatically after each iteration of the loop.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header, for servers that require it.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        additional_headers (HeadersLike | None): Arbitrary HTTP headers to add
+            to the handshake request.
+        user_agent_header: Value of  the ``User-Agent`` request header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        proxy: If a proxy is configured, it is used by default. Set ``proxy``
+            to :obj:`None` to disable the proxy or to the address of a proxy
+            to override the system configuration. See the :doc:`proxy docs
+            <../../topics/proxies>` for details.
+        process_exception: When reconnecting automatically, tell whether an
+            error is transient or fatal. The default behavior is defined by
+            :func:`process_exception`. Refer to its documentation for details.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        write_limit: High-water mark of write buffer in bytes. It is passed to
+            :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`. It defaults
+            to 32 KiB. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the
+            high-water and low-water marks.
+        logger: Logger for this client.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ClientConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_connection` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enforce TLS settings.
+      When connecting to a ``wss://`` URI, if ``ssl`` isn't provided, a TLS
+      context is created with :func:`~ssl.create_default_context`.
+
+    * You can set ``server_hostname`` to override the host name from ``uri`` in
+      the TLS handshake.
+
+    * You can set ``host`` and ``port`` to connect to a different host and port
+      from those found in ``uri``. This only changes the destination of the TCP
+      connection. The host name from ``uri`` is still used in the TLS handshake
+      for secure connections and in the ``Host`` header.
+
+    * You can set ``sock`` to provide a preexisting TCP socket. You may call
+      :func:`socket.create_connection` (not to be confused with the event loop's
+      :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_connection` method) to create a suitable
+      client socket and customize it.
+
+    When using a proxy:
+
+    * Prefix keyword arguments with ``proxy_`` for configuring TLS between the
+      client and an HTTPS proxy: ``proxy_ssl``, ``proxy_server_hostname``,
+      ``proxy_ssl_handshake_timeout``, and ``proxy_ssl_shutdown_timeout``.
+    * Use the standard keyword arguments for configuring TLS between the proxy
+      and the WebSocket server: ``ssl``, ``server_hostname``,
+      ``ssl_handshake_timeout``, and ``ssl_shutdown_timeout``.
+    * Other keyword arguments are used only for connecting to the proxy.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+        InvalidProxy: If ``proxy`` isn't a valid proxy.
+        OSError: If the TCP connection fails.
+        InvalidHandshake: If the opening handshake fails.
+        TimeoutError: If the opening handshake times out.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        *,
+        # WebSocket
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        # HTTP
+        additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        proxy: str | Literal[True] | None = True,
+        process_exception: Callable[[Exception], Exception | None] = process_exception,
+        # Timeouts
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        # Limits
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+        # Logging
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+        create_connection: type[ClientConnection] | None = None,
+        # Other keyword arguments are passed to loop.create_connection
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.uri = uri
+
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_client_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.client")
+
+        if create_connection is None:
+            create_connection = ClientConnection
+
+        def protocol_factory(uri: WebSocketURI) -> ClientConnection:
+            # This is a protocol in the Sans-I/O implementation of websockets.
+            protocol = ClientProtocol(
+                uri,
+                origin=origin,
+                extensions=extensions,
+                subprotocols=subprotocols,
+                max_size=max_size,
+                logger=logger,
+            )
+            # This is a connection in websockets and a protocol in asyncio.
+            connection = create_connection(
+                protocol,
+                ping_interval=ping_interval,
+                ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+                close_timeout=close_timeout,
+                max_queue=max_queue,
+                write_limit=write_limit,
+            )
+            return connection
+
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.protocol_factory = protocol_factory
+        self.additional_headers = additional_headers
+        self.user_agent_header = user_agent_header
+        self.process_exception = process_exception
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.connection_kwargs = kwargs
+
+    async def create_connection(self) -> ClientConnection:
+        """Create TCP or Unix connection."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        kwargs = self.connection_kwargs.copy()
+
+        ws_uri = parse_uri(self.uri)
+
+        proxy = self.proxy
+        if kwargs.get("unix", False):
+            proxy = None
+        if kwargs.get("sock") is not None:
+            proxy = None
+        if proxy is True:
+            proxy = get_proxy(ws_uri)
+
+        def factory() -> ClientConnection:
+            return self.protocol_factory(ws_uri)
+
+        if ws_uri.secure:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ssl", True)
+            kwargs.setdefault("server_hostname", ws_uri.host)
+            if kwargs.get("ssl") is None:
+                raise ValueError("ssl=None is incompatible with a wss:// URI")
+        else:
+            if kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+                raise ValueError("ssl argument is incompatible with a ws:// URI")
+
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            _, connection = await loop.create_unix_connection(factory, **kwargs)
+        elif proxy is not None:
+            proxy_parsed = parse_proxy(proxy)
+            if proxy_parsed.scheme[:5] == "socks":
+                # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                sock = await connect_socks_proxy(
+                    proxy_parsed,
+                    ws_uri,
+                    local_addr=kwargs.pop("local_addr", None),
+                )
+                # Initialize WebSocket connection via the proxy.
+                _, connection = await loop.create_connection(
+                    factory,
+                    sock=sock,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+            elif proxy_parsed.scheme[:4] == "http":
+                # Split keyword arguments between the proxy and the server.
+                all_kwargs, proxy_kwargs, kwargs = kwargs, {}, {}
+                for key, value in all_kwargs.items():
+                    if key.startswith("ssl") or key == "server_hostname":
+                        kwargs[key] = value
+                    elif key.startswith("proxy_"):
+                        proxy_kwargs[key[6:]] = value
+                    else:
+                        proxy_kwargs[key] = value
+                # Validate the proxy_ssl argument.
+                if proxy_parsed.scheme == "https":
+                    proxy_kwargs.setdefault("ssl", True)
+                    if proxy_kwargs.get("ssl") is None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "proxy_ssl=None is incompatible with an https:// proxy"
+                        )
+                else:
+                    if proxy_kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "proxy_ssl argument is incompatible with an http:// proxy"
+                        )
+                # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                transport = await connect_http_proxy(
+                    proxy_parsed,
+                    ws_uri,
+                    user_agent_header=self.user_agent_header,
+                    **proxy_kwargs,
+                )
+                # Initialize WebSocket connection via the proxy.
+                connection = factory()
+                transport.set_protocol(connection)
+                ssl = kwargs.pop("ssl", None)
+                if ssl is True:
+                    ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
+                if ssl is not None:
+                    new_transport = await loop.start_tls(
+                        transport, connection, ssl, **kwargs
+                    )
+                    assert new_transport is not None  # help mypy
+                    transport = new_transport
+                connection.connection_made(transport)
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("unsupported proxy")
+        else:
+            # Connect to the server directly.
+            if kwargs.get("sock") is None:
+                kwargs.setdefault("host", ws_uri.host)
+                kwargs.setdefault("port", ws_uri.port)
+            # Initialize WebSocket connection.
+            _, connection = await loop.create_connection(factory, **kwargs)
+        return connection
+
+    def process_redirect(self, exc: Exception) -> Exception | str:
+        """
+        Determine whether a connection error is a redirect that can be followed.
+
+        Return the new URI if it's a valid redirect. Else, return an exception.
+
+        """
+        if not (
+            isinstance(exc, InvalidStatus)
+            and exc.response.status_code
+            in [
+                300,  # Multiple Choices
+                301,  # Moved Permanently
+                302,  # Found
+                303,  # See Other
+                307,  # Temporary Redirect
+                308,  # Permanent Redirect
+            ]
+            and "Location" in exc.response.headers
+        ):
+            return exc
+
+        old_ws_uri = parse_uri(self.uri)
+        new_uri = urllib.parse.urljoin(self.uri, exc.response.headers["Location"])
+        new_ws_uri = parse_uri(new_uri)
+
+        # If connect() received a socket, it is closed and cannot be reused.
+        if self.connection_kwargs.get("sock") is not None:
+            return ValueError(
+                f"cannot follow redirect to {new_uri} with a preexisting socket"
+            )
+
+        # TLS downgrade is forbidden.
+        if old_ws_uri.secure and not new_ws_uri.secure:
+            return SecurityError(f"cannot follow redirect to non-secure URI {new_uri}")
+
+        # Apply restrictions to cross-origin redirects.
+        if (
+            old_ws_uri.secure != new_ws_uri.secure
+            or old_ws_uri.host != new_ws_uri.host
+            or old_ws_uri.port != new_ws_uri.port
+        ):
+            # Cross-origin redirects on Unix sockets don't quite make sense.
+            if self.connection_kwargs.get("unix", False):
+                return ValueError(
+                    f"cannot follow cross-origin redirect to {new_uri} "
+                    f"with a Unix socket"
+                )
+
+            # Cross-origin redirects when host and port are overridden are ill-defined.
+            if (
+                self.connection_kwargs.get("host") is not None
+                or self.connection_kwargs.get("port") is not None
+            ):
+                return ValueError(
+                    f"cannot follow cross-origin redirect to {new_uri} "
+                    f"with an explicit host or port"
+                )
+
+        return new_uri
+
+    # ... = await connect(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, ClientConnection]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> ClientConnection:
+        try:
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+                for _ in range(MAX_REDIRECTS):
+                    self.connection = await self.create_connection()
+                    try:
+                        await self.connection.handshake(
+                            self.additional_headers,
+                            self.user_agent_header,
+                        )
+                    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                        self.connection.transport.abort()
+                        raise
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        # Always close the connection even though keep-alive is
+                        # the default in HTTP/1.1 because create_connection ties
+                        # opening the network connection with initializing the
+                        # protocol. In the current design of connect(), there is
+                        # no easy way to reuse the network connection that works
+                        # in every case nor to reinitialize the protocol.
+                        self.connection.transport.abort()
+
+                        uri_or_exc = self.process_redirect(exc)
+                        # Response is a valid redirect; follow it.
+                        if isinstance(uri_or_exc, str):
+                            self.uri = uri_or_exc
+                            continue
+                        # Response isn't a valid redirect; raise the exception.
+                        if uri_or_exc is exc:
+                            raise
+                        else:
+                            raise uri_or_exc from exc
+
+                    else:
+                        self.connection.start_keepalive()
+                        return self.connection
+                else:
+                    raise SecurityError(f"more than {MAX_REDIRECTS} redirects")
+
+        except TimeoutError as exc:
+            # Re-raise exception with an informative error message.
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out during opening handshake") from exc
+
+    # ... = yield from connect(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+    # async with connect(...) as ...: ...
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> ClientConnection:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.connection.close()
+
+    # async for ... in connect(...):
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[ClientConnection]:
+        delays: Generator[float] | None = None
+        while True:
+            try:
+                async with self as protocol:
+                    yield protocol
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Determine whether the exception is retryable or fatal.
+                # The API of process_exception is "return an exception or None";
+                # "raise an exception" is also supported because it's a frequent
+                # mistake. It isn't documented in order to keep the API simple.
+                try:
+                    new_exc = self.process_exception(exc)
+                except Exception as raised_exc:
+                    new_exc = raised_exc
+
+                # The connection failed with a fatal error.
+                # Raise the exception and exit the loop.
+                if new_exc is exc:
+                    raise
+                if new_exc is not None:
+                    raise new_exc from exc
+
+                # The connection failed with a retryable error.
+                # Start or continue backoff and reconnect.
+                if delays is None:
+                    delays = backoff()
+                delay = next(delays)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "connect failed; reconnecting in %.1f seconds: %s",
+                    delay,
+                    traceback.format_exception_only(exc)[0].strip(),
+                )
+                await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+                continue
+
+            else:
+                # The connection succeeded. Reset backoff.
+                delays = None
+
+
+def unix_connect(
+    path: str | None = None,
+    uri: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> connect:
+    """
+    Connect to a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function accepts the same keyword arguments as :func:`connect`.
+
+    It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's mainly useful for debugging servers listening on Unix sockets.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server. ``uri`` defaults to
+            ``ws://localhost/`` or, when a ``ssl`` argument is provided, to
+            ``wss://localhost/``.
+
+    """
+    if uri is None:
+        if kwargs.get("ssl") is None:
+            uri = "ws://localhost/"
+        else:
+            uri = "wss://localhost/"
+    return connect(uri=uri, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from python_socks import ProxyType
+    from python_socks.async_.asyncio import Proxy as SocksProxy
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    async def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        raise ImportError("connecting through a SOCKS proxy requires python-socks")
+
+else:
+    SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES = {
+        "socks5h": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks5": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks4a": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+        "socks4": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+    }
+
+    SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS = {
+        "socks5h": True,
+        "socks5": False,
+        "socks4a": True,
+        "socks4": False,
+    }
+
+    async def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        """Connect via a SOCKS proxy and return the socket."""
+        socks_proxy = SocksProxy(
+            SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES[proxy.scheme],
+            proxy.host,
+            proxy.port,
+            proxy.username,
+            proxy.password,
+            SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS[proxy.scheme],
+        )
+        # connect() is documented to raise OSError.
+        # socks_proxy.connect() doesn't raise TimeoutError; it gets canceled.
+        # Wrap other exceptions in ProxyError, a subclass of InvalidHandshake.
+        try:
+            return await socks_proxy.connect(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, **kwargs)
+        except OSError:
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ProxyError("failed to connect to SOCKS proxy") from exc
+
+
+class HTTPProxyConnection(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.ws_uri = ws_uri
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.user_agent_header = user_agent_header
+
+        self.reader = StreamReader()
+        self.parser = Response.parse(
+            self.reader.read_line,
+            self.reader.read_exact,
+            self.reader.read_to_eof,
+            proxy=True,
+        )
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self.response: asyncio.Future[Response] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def run_parser(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            next(self.parser)
+        except StopIteration as exc:
+            response = exc.value
+            if 200 <= response.status_code < 300:
+                self.response.set_result(response)
+            else:
+                self.response.set_exception(InvalidProxyStatus(response))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            proxy_exc = InvalidProxyMessage(
+                "did not receive a valid HTTP response from proxy"
+            )
+            proxy_exc.__cause__ = exc
+            self.response.set_exception(proxy_exc)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        transport = cast(asyncio.Transport, transport)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.transport.write(
+            prepare_connect_request(self.proxy, self.ws_uri, self.user_agent_header)
+        )
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+        self.run_parser()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        self.run_parser()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        if exc is not None:
+            self.response.set_exception(exc)
+
+
+async def connect_http_proxy(
+    proxy: Proxy,
+    ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> asyncio.Transport:
+    transport, protocol = await asyncio.get_running_loop().create_connection(
+        lambda: HTTPProxyConnection(ws_uri, proxy, user_agent_header),
+        proxy.host,
+        proxy.port,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # This raises exceptions if the connection to the proxy fails.
+        await protocol.response
+    except Exception:
+        transport.close()
+        raise
+
+    return transport
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/compatibility.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/compatibility.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e170000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/compatibility.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+
+__all__ = ["TimeoutError", "aiter", "anext", "asyncio_timeout", "asyncio_timeout_at"]
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
+    TimeoutError = TimeoutError
+    aiter = aiter
+    anext = anext
+    from asyncio import (
+        timeout as asyncio_timeout,  # noqa: F401
+        timeout_at as asyncio_timeout_at,  # noqa: F401
+    )
+
+else:  # Python < 3.11
+    from asyncio import TimeoutError
+
+    def aiter(async_iterable):
+        return type(async_iterable).__aiter__(async_iterable)
+
+    async def anext(async_iterator):
+        return await type(async_iterator).__anext__(async_iterator)
+
+    from .async_timeout import (
+        timeout as asyncio_timeout,  # noqa: F401
+        timeout_at as asyncio_timeout_at,  # noqa: F401
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205a2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1247 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import random
+import struct
+import sys
+import traceback
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterable, Mapping
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConcurrencyError,
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..frames import DATA_OPCODES, CloseCode, Frame, Opcode
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CLOSED, OPEN, Event, Protocol, State
+from ..typing import BytesLike, Data, DataLike, LoggerLike, Subprotocol
+from .compatibility import (
+    TimeoutError,
+    aiter,
+    anext,
+    asyncio_timeout,
+    asyncio_timeout_at,
+)
+from .messages import Assembler
+
+
+__all__ = ["Connection"]
+
+
+class Connection(asyncio.Protocol):
+    """
+    :mod:`asyncio` implementation of a WebSocket connection.
+
+    :class:`Connection` provides APIs shared between WebSocket servers and
+    clients.
+
+    You shouldn't use it directly. Instead, use
+    :class:`~websockets.asyncio.client.ClientConnection` or
+    :class:`~websockets.asyncio.server.ServerConnection`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        protocol: Protocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.ping_interval = ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = ping_timeout
+        self.close_timeout = close_timeout
+        if isinstance(max_queue, int) or max_queue is None:
+            self.max_queue_high, self.max_queue_low = max_queue, None
+        else:
+            self.max_queue_high, self.max_queue_low = max_queue
+        if isinstance(write_limit, int):
+            self.write_limit_high, self.write_limit_low = write_limit, None
+        else:
+            self.write_limit_high, self.write_limit_low = write_limit
+
+        # Inject reference to this instance in the protocol's logger.
+        self.protocol.logger = logging.LoggerAdapter(
+            self.protocol.logger,
+            {"websocket": self},
+        )
+
+        # Copy attributes from the protocol for convenience.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = self.protocol.id
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = self.protocol.logger
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+        self.debug = self.protocol.debug
+
+        # HTTP handshake request and response.
+        self.request: Request | None = None
+        """Opening handshake request."""
+        self.response: Response | None = None
+        """Opening handshake response."""
+
+        # Event loop running this connection.
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        # Assembler turning frames into messages and serializing reads.
+        self.recv_messages: Assembler  # initialized in connection_made
+
+        # Deadline for the closing handshake.
+        self.close_deadline: float | None = None
+
+        # Whether we are busy sending a fragmented message.
+        self.send_in_progress: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # Mapping of ping IDs to pong waiters, in chronological order.
+        self.pending_pings: dict[bytes, tuple[asyncio.Future[float], float]] = {}
+
+        self.latency: float = 0.0
+        """
+        Latency of the connection, in seconds.
+
+        Latency is defined as the round-trip time of the connection. It is
+        measured by sending a Ping frame and waiting for a matching Pong frame.
+        Before the first measurement, :attr:`latency` is ``0.0``.
+
+        By default, websockets enables a :ref:`keepalive <keepalive>` mechanism
+        that sends Ping frames automatically at regular intervals. You can also
+        send Ping frames and measure latency with :meth:`ping`.
+        """
+
+        # Task that sends keepalive pings. None when ping_interval is None.
+        self.keepalive_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+
+        # Exception raised while reading from the connection, to be chained to
+        # ConnectionClosed in order to show why the TCP connection dropped.
+        self.recv_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the TCP connection is closed and the WebSocket
+        # connection state becomes CLOSED.
+        self.connection_lost_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.FlowControlMixin.
+        self.paused: bool = False
+        self.drain_waiters: collections.deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = (
+            collections.deque()
+        )
+
+    # Public attributes
+
+    @property
+    def local_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Local address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`.
+
+        """
+        return self.transport.get_extra_info("sockname")
+
+    @property
+    def remote_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Remote address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`.
+
+        """
+        return self.transport.get_extra_info("peername")
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> State:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should call :meth:`~recv` or
+        :meth:`send` and handle :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`
+        exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.state
+
+    @property
+    def subprotocol(self) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Subprotocol negotiated during the opening handshake.
+
+        :obj:`None` if no subprotocol was negotiated.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.subprotocol
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_reason
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            await self.close()
+        else:
+            await self.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Iterate on incoming messages.
+
+        The iterator calls :meth:`recv` and yields messages asynchronously in an
+        infinite loop.
+
+        It exits when the connection is closed normally. It raises a
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` exception after a
+        protocol error or a network failure.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return
+
+    @overload
+    async def recv(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def recv(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def recv(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data: ...
+
+    async def recv(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Receive the next message.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`recv` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal closure
+        and :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure. This is how you detect the end of the
+        message stream.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`recv` is safe. There's no risk of losing data. The next
+        invocation of :meth:`recv` will return the next message.
+
+        This makes it possible to enforce a timeout by wrapping :meth:`recv` in
+        :func:`~asyncio.timeout` or :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`.
+
+        When the message is fragmented, :meth:`recv` waits until all fragments
+        are received, reassembles them, and returns the whole message.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            A string (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or a bytestring
+            (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              return a bytestring (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed, for example if the message contains
+              JSON and you're using a JSON library that expects a bytestring.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              return strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return await self.recv_messages.get(decode)
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv while another coroutine "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            async with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> AsyncIterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]: ...
+
+    async def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Receive the next message frame by frame.
+
+        This method is designed for receiving fragmented messages. It returns an
+        asynchronous iterator that yields each fragment as it is received. This
+        iterator must be fully consumed. Else, future calls to :meth:`recv` or
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` will raise
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConcurrencyError`, making the connection
+        unusable.
+
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` raises the same exceptions as :meth:`recv`.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`recv_streaming` before receiving the first frame is
+        safe. Canceling it after receiving one or more frames leaves the
+        iterator in a partially consumed state, making the connection unusable.
+        Instead, you should close the connection with :meth:`close`.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            An iterator of strings (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or
+            bytestrings (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              yield bytestrings (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              yield strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            async for frame in self.recv_messages.get_iter(decode):
+                yield frame
+            return
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv_streaming while another coroutine "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            async with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        message: DataLike | Iterable[DataLike] | AsyncIterable[DataLike],
+        text: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a message.
+
+        A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or
+        bytes-like object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or
+        :class:`memoryview`) is sent as a Binary_ frame.
+
+        .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+        .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        You may override this behavior with the ``text`` argument:
+
+        * Set ``text=True`` to send an UTF-8 bytestring or bytes-like object
+          (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) in a
+          Text_ frame. This improves performance when the message is already
+          UTF-8 encoded, for example if the message contains JSON and you're
+          using a JSON library that produces a bytestring.
+        * Set ``text=False`` to send a string (:class:`str`) in a Binary_
+          frame. This may be useful for servers that expect binary frames
+          instead of text frames.
+
+        :meth:`send` also accepts an iterable or asynchronous iterable of
+        strings, bytestrings, or bytes-like objects to enable fragmentation_.
+        Each item is treated as a message fragment and sent in its own frame.
+        All items must be of the same type, or else :meth:`send` will raise a
+        :exc:`TypeError` and the connection will be closed.
+
+        .. _fragmentation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.4
+
+        :meth:`send` rejects dict-like objects because this is often an error.
+        (If you really want to send the keys of a dict-like object as fragments,
+        call its :meth:`~dict.keys` method and pass the result to :meth:`send`.)
+
+        Canceling :meth:`send` is discouraged. Instead, you should close the
+        connection with :meth:`close`. Indeed, there are only two situations
+        where :meth:`send` may yield control to the event loop and then get
+        canceled; in both cases, :meth:`close` has the same effect and the
+        effect is more obvious:
+
+        1. The write buffer is full. If you don't want to wait until enough
+           data is sent, your only alternative is to close the connection.
+           :meth:`close` will likely time out then abort the TCP connection.
+        2. ``message`` is an asynchronous iterator that yields control.
+           Stopping in the middle of a fragmented message will cause a
+           protocol error and the connection will be closed.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`send` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it
+        raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to send.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+        """
+        # While sending a fragmented message, prevent sending other messages
+        # until all fragments are sent.
+        while self.send_in_progress is not None:
+            await asyncio.shield(self.send_in_progress)
+
+        # Unfragmented message -- this case must be handled first because
+        # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
+
+        if isinstance(message, str):
+            async with self.send_context():
+                if text is False:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message.encode())
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        elif isinstance(message, BytesLike):
+            async with self.send_context():
+                if text is True:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message)
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message)
+
+        # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError("data is a dict-like object")
+
+        # Fragmented message -- regular iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Iterable):
+            chunks = iter(message)
+            try:
+                chunk = next(chunks)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+
+            assert self.send_in_progress is None
+            self.send_in_progress = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                    async with self.send_context():
+                        if text is False:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    encode = True
+                elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike):
+                    async with self.send_context():
+                        if text is True:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk, fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk, fin=False)
+                    encode = False
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("iterable must contain bytes or str")
+
+                # Other fragments
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str) and encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike) and not encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        raise TypeError("iterable must contain uniform types")
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.send_continuation(b"", fin=True)
+
+            except Exception:
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "error in fragmented message",
+                    )
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self.send_in_progress.set_result(None)
+                self.send_in_progress = None
+
+        # Fragmented message -- async iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, AsyncIterable):
+            achunks = aiter(message)
+            try:
+                chunk = await anext(achunks)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                return
+
+            assert self.send_in_progress is None
+            self.send_in_progress = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                    if text is False:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    encode = True
+                elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike):
+                    if text is True:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk, fin=False)
+                    encode = False
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("async iterable must contain bytes or str")
+
+                # Other fragments
+                async for chunk in achunks:
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str) and encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike) and not encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        raise TypeError("async iterable must contain uniform types")
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.send_continuation(b"", fin=True)
+
+            except Exception:
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "error in fragmented message",
+                    )
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self.send_in_progress.set_result(None)
+                self.send_in_progress = None
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str, bytes, iterable, or async iterable")
+
+    async def close(
+        self,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the closing handshake.
+
+        :meth:`close` waits for the other end to complete the handshake and
+        for the TCP connection to terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent: it doesn't do anything once the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        Args:
+            code: WebSocket close code.
+            reason: WebSocket close reason.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            # The context manager takes care of waiting for the TCP connection
+            # to terminate after calling a method that sends a close frame.
+            async with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress is not None:
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "close during fragmented message",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_close(code, reason)
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            # Ignore ConnectionClosed exceptions raised from send_context().
+            # They mean that the connection is closed, which was the goal.
+            pass
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the connection is closed.
+
+        :meth:`wait_closed` waits for the closing handshake to complete and for
+        the TCP connection to terminate.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+
+    async def ping(self, data: DataLike | None = None) -> Awaitable[float]:
+        """
+        Send a Ping_.
+
+        .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        A ping may serve as a keepalive or as a check that the remote endpoint
+        received all messages up to this point
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the ping. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+                If ``data`` is :obj:`None`, the payload is four random bytes.
+
+        Returns:
+            A future that will be completed when the corresponding pong is
+            received. You can ignore it if you don't intend to wait. The result
+            of the future is the latency of the connection in seconds.
+
+            ::
+
+                pong_received = await ws.ping()
+                # only if you want to wait for the corresponding pong
+                latency = await pong_received
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If another ping was sent with the same data and
+                the corresponding pong wasn't received yet.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        elif data is not None:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        async with self.send_context():
+            # Protect against duplicates if a payload is explicitly set.
+            if data in self.pending_pings:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("already waiting for a pong with the same data")
+
+            # Generate a unique random payload otherwise.
+            while data is None or data in self.pending_pings:
+                data = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+
+            pong_received = self.loop.create_future()
+            ping_timestamp = self.loop.time()
+            # The event loop's default clock is time.monotonic(). Its resolution
+            # is a bit low on Windows (~16ms). This is improved in Python 3.13.
+            self.pending_pings[data] = (pong_received, ping_timestamp)
+            self.protocol.send_ping(data)
+            return pong_received
+
+    async def pong(self, data: DataLike = b"") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Pong_.
+
+        .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        An unsolicited pong may serve as a unidirectional heartbeat.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the pong. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        async with self.send_context():
+            self.protocol.send_pong(data)
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        This method is overridden in subclasses to handle the handshake.
+
+        """
+        assert isinstance(event, Frame)
+        if event.opcode in DATA_OPCODES:
+            self.recv_messages.put(event)
+
+        if event.opcode is Opcode.PONG:
+            self.acknowledge_pings(bytes(event.data))
+
+    def acknowledge_pings(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Acknowledge pings when receiving a pong.
+
+        """
+        # Ignore unsolicited pong.
+        if data not in self.pending_pings:
+            return
+
+        pong_timestamp = self.loop.time()
+
+        # Sending a pong for only the most recent ping is legal.
+        # Acknowledge all previous pings too in that case.
+        ping_id = None
+        ping_ids = []
+        for ping_id, (pong_received, ping_timestamp) in self.pending_pings.items():
+            ping_ids.append(ping_id)
+            latency = pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp
+            if not pong_received.done():
+                pong_received.set_result(latency)
+            if ping_id == data:
+                self.latency = latency
+                break
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("solicited pong not found in pings")
+
+        # Remove acknowledged pings from self.pending_pings.
+        for ping_id in ping_ids:
+            del self.pending_pings[ping_id]
+
+    def terminate_pending_pings(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Raise ConnectionClosed in pending pings when the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+        exc = self.protocol.close_exc
+
+        for pong_received, _ping_timestamp in self.pending_pings.values():
+            if not pong_received.done():
+                pong_received.set_exception(exc)
+            # If the exception is never retrieved, it will be logged when ping
+            # is garbage-collected. This is confusing for users.
+            # Given that ping is done (with an exception), canceling it does
+            # nothing, but it prevents logging the exception.
+            pong_received.cancel()
+
+        self.pending_pings.clear()
+
+    async def keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Ping frame and wait for a Pong frame at regular intervals.
+
+        """
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        latency = 0.0
+        try:
+            while True:
+                # If self.ping_timeout > latency > self.ping_interval,
+                # pings will be sent immediately after receiving pongs.
+                # The period will be longer than self.ping_interval.
+                await asyncio.sleep(self.ping_interval - latency)
+
+                # This cannot raise ConnectionClosed when the connection is
+                # closing because ping(), via send_context(), waits for the
+                # connection to be closed before raising ConnectionClosed.
+                # However, connection_lost() cancels keepalive_task before
+                # it gets a chance to resume excuting.
+                pong_received = await self.ping()
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("% sent keepalive ping")
+
+                if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+                    try:
+                        async with asyncio_timeout(self.ping_timeout):
+                            # connection_lost cancels keepalive immediately
+                            # after setting a ConnectionClosed exception on
+                            # pong_received. A CancelledError is raised here,
+                            # not a ConnectionClosed exception.
+                            latency = await pong_received
+                            if self.debug:
+                                self.logger.debug("% received keepalive pong")
+                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for keepalive pong")
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.fail(
+                                CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                "keepalive ping timeout",
+                            )
+                        raise AssertionError(
+                            "send_context() should wait for connection_lost(), "
+                            "which cancels keepalive()"
+                        )
+        except Exception:
+            self.logger.error("keepalive ping failed", exc_info=True)
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run :meth:`keepalive` in a task, unless keepalive is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self.ping_interval is not None:
+            self.keepalive_task = self.loop.create_task(self.keepalive())
+
+    @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
+    async def send_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        expected_state: State = OPEN,  # CONNECTING during the opening handshake
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
+        """
+        Create a context for writing to the connection from user code.
+
+        On entry, :meth:`send_context` checks that the connection is open; on
+        exit, it writes outgoing data to the socket::
+
+            async with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        When the connection isn't open on entry, when the connection is expected
+        to close on exit, or when an unexpected error happens, terminating the
+        connection, :meth:`send_context` waits until the connection is closed
+        then raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        """
+        # Should we wait until the connection is closed?
+        wait_for_close = False
+        # Should we close the transport and raise ConnectionClosed?
+        raise_close_exc = False
+        # What exception should we chain ConnectionClosed to?
+        original_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        if self.protocol.state is expected_state:
+            # Let the caller interact with the protocol.
+            try:
+                yield
+            except (ProtocolError, ConcurrencyError):
+                # The protocol state wasn't changed. Exit immediately.
+                raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                self.logger.error("unexpected internal error", exc_info=True)
+                # This branch should never run. It's a safety net in case of
+                # bugs. Since we don't know what happened, we will close the
+                # connection and raise the exception to the caller.
+                wait_for_close = False
+                raise_close_exc = True
+                original_exc = exc
+            else:
+                # Check if the connection is expected to close soon.
+                if self.protocol.close_expected():
+                    wait_for_close = True
+                    # Set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+                    # Since we tested earlier that protocol.state is OPEN
+                    # (or CONNECTING), self.close_deadline is still None.
+                    assert self.close_deadline is None
+                    if self.close_timeout is not None:
+                        self.close_deadline = self.loop.time() + self.close_timeout
+                # Write outgoing data to the socket with flow control.
+                try:
+                    self.send_data()
+                    await self.drain()
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "! error while sending data",
+                            exc_info=True,
+                        )
+                    # While the only expected exception here is OSError,
+                    # other exceptions would be treated identically.
+                    wait_for_close = False
+                    raise_close_exc = True
+                    original_exc = exc
+
+        else:  # self.protocol.state is not expected_state
+            # Minor layering violation: we assume that the connection
+            # will be closing soon if it isn't in the expected state.
+            wait_for_close = True
+            # Calculate close_deadline if it wasn't set yet.
+            if self.close_deadline is None:
+                if self.close_timeout is not None:
+                    self.close_deadline = self.loop.time() + self.close_timeout
+            raise_close_exc = True
+
+        # If the connection is expected to close soon and the close timeout
+        # elapses, close the socket to terminate the connection.
+        if wait_for_close:
+            try:
+                async with asyncio_timeout_at(self.close_deadline):
+                    await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                # There's no risk of overwriting another error because
+                # original_exc is never set when wait_for_close is True.
+                assert original_exc is None
+                original_exc = TimeoutError("timed out while closing connection")
+                # Set recv_exc before closing the transport in order to get
+                # proper exception reporting.
+                raise_close_exc = True
+                self.set_recv_exc(original_exc)
+
+        # If an error occurred, close the transport to terminate the connection and
+        # raise an exception.
+        if raise_close_exc:
+            self.transport.abort()
+            # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+            await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+            raise self.protocol.close_exc from original_exc
+
+    def send_data(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send outgoing data.
+
+        """
+        for data in self.protocol.data_to_send():
+            if data:
+                self.transport.write(data)
+            else:
+                # Half-close the TCP connection when possible i.e. no TLS.
+                if self.transport.can_write_eof():
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("x half-closing TCP connection")
+                    # write_eof() doesn't document which exceptions it raises.
+                    # OSError is plausible. uvloop can raise RuntimeError here.
+                    try:
+                        self.transport.write_eof()
+                    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                        pass
+                # Else, close the TCP connection.
+                else:  # pragma: no cover
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("x closing TCP connection")
+                    self.transport.close()
+
+    def set_recv_exc(self, exc: BaseException | None) -> None:
+        """
+        Set recv_exc, if not set yet.
+
+        This method must be called only from connection callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if self.recv_exc is None:
+            self.recv_exc = exc
+
+    # asyncio.Protocol methods
+
+    # Connection callbacks
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        transport = cast(asyncio.Transport, transport)
+        self.recv_messages = Assembler(
+            self.max_queue_high,
+            self.max_queue_low,
+            pause=transport.pause_reading,
+            resume=transport.resume_reading,
+        )
+        transport.set_write_buffer_limits(
+            self.write_limit_high,
+            self.write_limit_low,
+        )
+        self.transport = transport
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        # Calling protocol.receive_eof() is safe because it's idempotent.
+        # This guarantees that the protocol state becomes CLOSED.
+        self.protocol.receive_eof()
+        assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+
+        self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+
+        # Abort recv() and pending pings with a ConnectionClosed exception.
+        self.recv_messages.close()
+        self.terminate_pending_pings()
+
+        if self.keepalive_task is not None:
+            self.keepalive_task.cancel()
+
+        # If self.connection_lost_waiter isn't pending, that's a bug, because:
+        # - it's set only here in connection_lost() which is called only once;
+        # - it must never be canceled.
+        self.connection_lost_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        if self.paused:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.paused = False
+            for waiter in self.drain_waiters:
+                if not waiter.done():
+                    if exc is None:
+                        waiter.set_result(None)
+                    else:
+                        waiter.set_exception(exc)
+
+    # Flow control callbacks
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        assert not self.paused
+        self.paused = True
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        assert self.paused
+        self.paused = False
+        for waiter in self.drain_waiters:
+            if not waiter.done():
+                waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    async def drain(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        # We don't check if the connection is closed because we call drain()
+        # immediately after write() and write() would fail in that case.
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.StreamWriter
+        # Yield to the event loop so that connection_lost() may be called.
+        if self.transport.is_closing():
+            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        if self.paused:
+            waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            self.drain_waiters.append(waiter)
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            finally:
+                self.drain_waiters.remove(waiter)
+
+    # Streaming protocol callbacks
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        # Feed incoming data to the protocol.
+        self.protocol.receive_data(data)
+
+        # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+        events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+        # Write outgoing data to the transport.
+        try:
+            self.send_data()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! error while sending data", exc_info=True)
+            self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+
+        # If needed, set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+        if self.protocol.close_expected():
+            if self.close_deadline is None:
+                if self.close_timeout is not None:
+                    self.close_deadline = self.loop.time() + self.close_timeout
+
+        # If self.send_data raised an exception, then events are lost.
+        # Given that automatic responses write small amounts of data,
+        # this should be uncommon, so we don't handle the edge case.
+
+        for event in events:
+            # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+            self.process_event(event)
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        # Feed the end of the data stream to the protocol.
+        self.protocol.receive_eof()
+
+        # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+        events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+        # There is no error handling because send_data() can only write
+        # the end of the data stream and it handles errors by itself.
+        self.send_data()
+
+        # This code path is triggered when receiving an HTTP response
+        # without a Content-Length header. This is the only case where
+        # reading until EOF generates an event; all other events have
+        # a known length. Ignore for coverage measurement because tests
+        # are in test_client.py rather than test_connection.py.
+        for event in events:  # pragma: no cover
+            # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+            self.process_event(event)
+
+        # The WebSocket protocol has its own closing handshake: endpoints close
+        # the TCP or TLS connection after sending and receiving a close frame.
+        # As a consequence, they never need to write after receiving EOF, so
+        # there's no reason to keep the transport open by returning True.
+        # Besides, that doesn't work on TLS connections.
+
+
+# broadcast() is defined in the connection module even though it's primarily
+# used by servers and documented in the server module because it works with
+# client connections too and because it's easier to test together with the
+# Connection class.
+
+
+def broadcast(
+    connections: Iterable[Connection],
+    message: DataLike,
+    raise_exceptions: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Broadcast a message to several WebSocket connections.
+
+    A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or bytes-like
+    object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) is sent
+    as a Binary_ frame.
+
+    .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+    .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+    :func:`broadcast` pushes the message synchronously to all connections even
+    if their write buffers are overflowing. There's no backpressure.
+
+    If you broadcast messages faster than a connection can handle them, messages
+    will pile up in its write buffer until the connection times out. Keep
+    ``ping_interval`` and ``ping_timeout`` low to prevent excessive memory usage
+    from slow connections.
+
+    Unlike :meth:`~websockets.asyncio.connection.Connection.send`,
+    :func:`broadcast` doesn't support sending fragmented messages. Indeed,
+    fragmentation is useful for sending large messages without buffering them in
+    memory, while :func:`broadcast` buffers one copy per connection as fast as
+    possible.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` skips connections that aren't open in order to avoid
+    errors on connections where the closing handshake is in progress.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` ignores failures to write the message on some connections.
+    It continues writing to other connections. On Python 3.11 and above, you may
+    set ``raise_exceptions`` to :obj:`True` to record failures and raise all
+    exceptions in a :pep:`654` :exc:`ExceptionGroup`.
+
+    While :func:`broadcast` makes more sense for servers, it works identically
+    with clients, if you have a use case for opening connections to many servers
+    and broadcasting a message to them.
+
+    Args:
+        websockets: WebSocket connections to which the message will be sent.
+        message: Message to send.
+        raise_exceptions: Whether to raise an exception in case of failures.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(message, str):
+        send_method = "send_text"
+        message = message.encode()
+    elif isinstance(message, BytesLike):
+        send_method = "send_binary"
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes")
+
+    if raise_exceptions:
+        if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("raise_exceptions requires at least Python 3.11")
+        exceptions: list[Exception] = []
+
+    for connection in connections:
+        exception: Exception
+
+        if connection.protocol.state is not OPEN:
+            continue
+
+        if connection.send_in_progress is not None:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = ConcurrencyError("sending a fragmented message")
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                connection.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: sending a fragmented message",
+                )
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            # Call connection.protocol.send_text or send_binary.
+            # Either way, message is already converted to bytes.
+            getattr(connection.protocol, send_method)(message)
+            connection.send_data()
+        except Exception as write_exception:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = RuntimeError("failed to write message")
+                exception.__cause__ = write_exception
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                connection.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: failed to write message: %s",
+                    traceback.format_exception_only(write_exception)[0].strip(),
+                )
+
+    if raise_exceptions and exceptions:
+        raise ExceptionGroup("skipped broadcast", exceptions)
+
+
+# Pretend that broadcast is actually defined in the server module.
+broadcast.__module__ = "websockets.asyncio.server"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/messages.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27cb2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import codecs
+import collections
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import ConcurrencyError
+from ..frames import OP_BINARY, OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, Frame
+from ..typing import Data
+
+
+__all__ = ["Assembler"]
+
+UTF8Decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class SimpleQueue(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Simplified version of :class:`asyncio.Queue`.
+
+    Provides only the subset of functionality needed by :class:`Assembler`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self.get_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+        self.queue: collections.deque[T] = collections.deque()
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.queue)
+
+    def put(self, item: T) -> None:
+        """Put an item into the queue."""
+        self.queue.append(item)
+        if self.get_waiter is not None and not self.get_waiter.done():
+            self.get_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    async def get(self, block: bool = True) -> T:
+        """Remove and return an item from the queue, waiting if necessary."""
+        if not self.queue:
+            if not block:
+                raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+            assert self.get_waiter is None, "cannot call get() concurrently"
+            self.get_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                await self.get_waiter
+            finally:
+                self.get_waiter.cancel()
+                self.get_waiter = None
+        return self.queue.popleft()
+
+    def reset(self, items: Iterable[T]) -> None:
+        """Put back items into an empty, idle queue."""
+        assert self.get_waiter is None, "cannot reset() while get() is running"
+        assert not self.queue, "cannot reset() while queue isn't empty"
+        self.queue.extend(items)
+
+    def abort(self) -> None:
+        """Close the queue, raising EOFError in get() if necessary."""
+        if self.get_waiter is not None and not self.get_waiter.done():
+            self.get_waiter.set_exception(EOFError("stream of frames ended"))
+
+
+class Assembler:
+    """
+    Assemble messages from frames.
+
+    :class:`Assembler` expects only data frames. The stream of frames must
+    respect the protocol; if it doesn't, the behavior is undefined.
+
+    Args:
+        pause: Called when the buffer of frames goes above the high water mark;
+            should pause reading from the network.
+        resume: Called when the buffer of frames goes below the low water mark;
+            should resume reading from the network.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        high: int | None = None,
+        low: int | None = None,
+        pause: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+        resume: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Queue of incoming frames.
+        self.frames: SimpleQueue[Frame] = SimpleQueue()
+
+        # We cannot put a hard limit on the size of the queue because a single
+        # call to Protocol.data_received() could produce thousands of frames,
+        # which must be buffered. Instead, we pause reading when the buffer goes
+        # above the high limit and we resume when it goes under the low limit.
+        if high is not None and low is None:
+            low = high // 4
+        if high is None and low is not None:
+            high = low * 4
+        if high is not None and low is not None:
+            if low < 0:
+                raise ValueError("low must be positive or equal to zero")
+            if high < low:
+                raise ValueError("high must be greater than or equal to low")
+        self.high, self.low = high, low
+        self.pause = pause
+        self.resume = resume
+        self.paused = False
+
+        # This flag prevents concurrent calls to get() by user code.
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This flag marks the end of the connection.
+        self.closed = False
+
+    @overload
+    async def get(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def get(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def get(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data: ...
+
+    async def get(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Read the next message.
+
+        :meth:`get` returns a single :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`.
+
+        If the message is fragmented, :meth:`get` waits until the last frame is
+        received, then it reassembles the message and returns it. To receive
+        messages frame by frame, use :meth:`get_iter` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        if self.get_in_progress:
+            raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+        self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get() fetches a complete message or is canceled.
+
+        try:
+            # Fetch the first frame.
+            frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+            self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+            if decode is None:
+                decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+            frames = [frame]
+
+            # Fetch subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+            while not frame.fin:
+                try:
+                    frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    # Put frames already received back into the queue
+                    # so that future calls to get() can return them.
+                    self.frames.reset(frames)
+                    raise
+                self.maybe_resume()
+                assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+                frames.append(frame)
+
+        finally:
+            self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This converts frame.data to bytes when it's a bytearray.
+        data = b"".join(frame.data for frame in frames)
+        if decode:
+            return data.decode()
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> AsyncIterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]: ...
+
+    async def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Stream the next message.
+
+        Iterating the return value of :meth:`get_iter` asynchronously yields a
+        :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` for each frame in the message.
+
+        The iterator must be fully consumed before calling :meth:`get_iter` or
+        :meth:`get` again. Else, :exc:`ConcurrencyError` is raised.
+
+        This method only makes sense for fragmented messages. If messages aren't
+        fragmented, use :meth:`get` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        if self.get_in_progress:
+            raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+        self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get_iter() fetches a complete message or is canceled.
+
+        # If get_iter() raises an exception e.g. in decoder.decode(),
+        # get_in_progress remains set and the connection becomes unusable.
+
+        # Yield the first frame.
+        try:
+            frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            self.get_in_progress = False
+            raise
+        self.maybe_resume()
+        assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+        if decode is None:
+            decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+        if decode:
+            decoder = UTF8Decoder()
+            yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+        else:
+            # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+            yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        # Yield subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+        while not frame.fin:
+            # We cannot handle asyncio.CancelledError because we don't buffer
+            # previous fragments — we're streaming them. Canceling get_iter()
+            # here will leave the assembler in a stuck state. Future calls to
+            # get() or get_iter() will raise ConcurrencyError.
+            frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+            self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+            if decode:
+                yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+            else:
+                # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+                yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+    def put(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """
+        Add ``frame`` to the next message.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+
+        self.frames.put(frame)
+        self.maybe_pause()
+
+    def maybe_pause(self) -> None:
+        """Pause the writer if queue is above the high water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.high is None:
+            return
+
+        # Check for "> high" to support high = 0.
+        if len(self.frames) > self.high and not self.paused:
+            self.paused = True
+            self.pause()
+
+    def maybe_resume(self) -> None:
+        """Resume the writer if queue is below the low water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.low is None:
+            return
+
+        # Check for "<= low" to support low = 0.
+        if len(self.frames) <= self.low and self.paused:
+            self.paused = False
+            self.resume()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        End the stream of frames.
+
+        Calling :meth:`close` concurrently with :meth:`get`, :meth:`get_iter`,
+        or :meth:`put` is safe. They will raise :exc:`EOFError`.
+
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+
+        self.closed = True
+
+        # Unblock get() or get_iter().
+        self.frames.abort()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/router.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/router.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d2a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/router.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Literal
+
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from .server import Server, ServerConnection, serve
+
+
+__all__ = ["route", "unix_route", "Router"]
+
+
+try:
+    from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
+    from werkzeug.routing import Map, RequestRedirect
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        raise ImportError("route() requires werkzeug")
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        raise ImportError("unix_route() requires werkzeug")
+
+else:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        This feature requires the third-party library `werkzeug`_:
+
+        .. code-block:: console
+
+            $ pip install werkzeug
+
+        .. _werkzeug: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
+
+        :func:`route` accepts the same arguments as
+        :func:`~websockets.sync.server.serve`, except as described below.
+
+        The first argument is a :class:`werkzeug.routing.Map` that maps URL patterns
+        to connection handlers. In addition to the connection, handlers receive
+        parameters captured in the URL as keyword arguments.
+
+        Here's an example::
+
+
+            from websockets.asyncio.router import route
+            from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
+
+            async def channel_handler(websocket, channel_id):
+                ...
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule("/channel/<uuid:channel_id>", endpoint=channel_handler),
+                ...
+            ])
+
+            # set this future to exit the server
+            stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+            async with route(url_map, ...) as server:
+                await stop
+
+
+        Refer to the documentation of :mod:`werkzeug.routing` for details.
+
+        If you define redirects with ``Rule(..., redirect_to=...)`` in the URL map,
+        when the server runs behind a reverse proxy that modifies the ``Host``
+        header or terminates TLS, you need additional configuration:
+
+        * Set ``server_name`` to the name of the server as seen by clients. When
+          not provided, websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+
+        * Set ``ssl=True`` to generate ``wss://`` URIs without enabling TLS.
+          Under the hood, this bind the URL map with a ``url_scheme`` of
+          ``wss://`` instead of ``ws://``.
+
+        There is no need to specify ``websocket=True`` in each rule. It is added
+        automatically.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            server_name: Name of the server as seen by clients. If :obj:`None`,
+                websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+            ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection. Set it to
+                :obj:`True` if a reverse proxy terminates TLS connections.
+            create_router: Factory for the :class:`Router` dispatching requests to
+                handlers. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize routing.
+
+        """
+        url_scheme = "ws" if ssl is None else "wss"
+        if ssl is not True and ssl is not None:
+            kwargs["ssl"] = ssl
+
+        if create_router is None:
+            create_router = Router
+
+        router = create_router(url_map, server_name, url_scheme)
+
+        _process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = kwargs.pop("process_request", None)
+        if _process_request is None:
+            process_request: Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ] = router.route_request
+        else:
+
+            async def process_request(
+                connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+            ) -> Response | None:
+                response = _process_request(connection, request)
+                if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                    response = await response
+                if response is not None:
+                    return response
+                return router.route_request(connection, request)
+
+        return serve(router.handler, *args, process_request=process_request, **kwargs)
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket Unix server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        :func:`unix_route` combines the behaviors of :func:`route` and
+        :func:`~websockets.asyncio.server.unix_serve`.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+        """
+        return route(url_map, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Router:
+    """WebSocket router supporting :func:`route`."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url_map: Map,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        url_scheme: str = "ws",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.url_map = url_map
+        self.server_name = server_name
+        self.url_scheme = url_scheme
+        for rule in self.url_map.iter_rules():
+            rule.websocket = True
+
+    def get_server_name(self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request) -> str:
+        if self.server_name is None:
+            return request.headers["Host"]
+        else:
+            return self.server_name
+
+    def redirect(self, connection: ServerConnection, url: str) -> Response:
+        response = connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.FOUND, f"Found at {url}")
+        response.headers["Location"] = url
+        return response
+
+    def not_found(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> Response:
+        return connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "Not Found")
+
+    def route_request(
+        self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """Route incoming request."""
+        url_map_adapter = self.url_map.bind(
+            server_name=self.get_server_name(connection, request),
+            url_scheme=self.url_scheme,
+        )
+        try:
+            parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(request.path)
+            handler, kwargs = url_map_adapter.match(
+                path_info=parsed.path,
+                query_args=parsed.query,
+            )
+        except RequestRedirect as redirect:
+            return self.redirect(connection, redirect.new_url)
+        except NotFound:
+            return self.not_found(connection)
+        connection.handler, connection.handler_kwargs = handler, kwargs
+        return None
+
+    async def handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """Handle a connection."""
+        return await connection.handler(connection, **connection.handler_kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/server.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef9bd80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import hmac
+import http
+import logging
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping, cast
+
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from ..extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_server_permessage_deflate
+from ..frames import CloseCode
+from ..headers import (
+    build_www_authenticate_basic,
+    parse_authorization_basic,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import SERVER, Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, OPEN, Event
+from ..server import ServerProtocol
+from ..typing import LoggerLike, Origin, StatusLike, Subprotocol
+from .compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from .connection import Connection, broadcast
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "broadcast",
+    "serve",
+    "unix_serve",
+    "ServerConnection",
+    "Server",
+    "basic_auth",
+]
+
+
+class ServerConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`asyncio` implementation of a WebSocket server connection.
+
+    :class:`ServerConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` methods for
+    receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, ``max_queue``,
+    and ``write_limit`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`serve`.
+
+    Args:
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+        server: Server that manages this connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        protocol: ServerProtocol,
+        server: Server,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ServerProtocol
+        super().__init__(
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+        )
+        self.server = server
+        self.request_rcvd: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+        self.username: str  # see basic_auth()
+        self.handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]]  # see route()
+        self.handler_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any]  # see route()
+
+    def respond(self, status: StatusLike, text: str) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a plain text HTTP response.
+
+        ``process_request`` and ``process_response`` may call this method to
+        return an HTTP response instead of performing the WebSocket opening
+        handshake.
+
+        You can modify the response before returning it, for example by changing
+        HTTP headers.
+
+        Args:
+            status: HTTP status code.
+            text: HTTP response body; it will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Returns:
+            HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.reject(status, text)
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [self.request_rcvd, self.connection_lost_waiter],
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+
+        if self.request is not None:
+            async with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+                response = None
+
+                if process_request is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_request(self, self.request)
+                        if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                            response = await response
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                if response is None:
+                    if self.server.is_serving():
+                        self.response = self.protocol.accept(self.request)
+                    else:
+                        self.response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                            "Server is shutting down.\n",
+                        )
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(response, Response)  # help mypy
+                    self.response = response
+
+                if server_header:
+                    self.response.headers["Server"] = server_header
+
+                response = None
+
+                if process_response is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_response(self, self.request, self.response)
+                        if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                            response = await response
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                if response is not None:
+                    assert isinstance(response, Response)  # help mypy
+                    self.response = response
+
+                self.protocol.send_response(self.response)
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a request, when the request cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # handshake fails, including when process_request or process_response
+        # raises an exception.
+
+        # It isn't set when process_request or process_response sends an HTTP
+        # response that rejects the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake request.
+        if self.request is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Request)
+            self.request = event
+            self.request_rcvd.set_result(None)
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+        self.server.start_connection_handler(self)
+
+
+class Server:
+    """
+    WebSocket server returned by :func:`serve`.
+
+    This class mirrors the API of :class:`asyncio.Server`.
+
+    It keeps track of WebSocket connections in order to close them properly
+    when shutting down.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        process_request: Intercept the request during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response. Return :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+            ``process_request`` may be a function or a coroutine.
+        process_response: Intercept the response during the opening handshake.
+            Modify the response or return a new HTTP response to force the
+            response. Return :obj:`None` to continue normally. When you force an
+            HTTP 101 Continue response, the handshake is successful. Else, the
+            connection is aborted. ``process_response`` may be a function or a
+            coroutine.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``. Setting it to
+            :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]],
+        *,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.process_request = process_request
+        self.process_response = process_response
+        self.server_header = server_header
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        self.logger = logger
+
+        # Keep track of active connections.
+        self.handlers: dict[ServerConnection, asyncio.Task[None]] = {}
+
+        # Task responsible for closing the server and terminating connections.
+        self.close_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the server is closed and connections are terminated.
+        self.closed_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> set[ServerConnection]:
+        """
+        Set of active connections.
+
+        This property contains all connections that completed the opening
+        handshake successfully and didn't start the closing handshake yet.
+        It can be useful in combination with :func:`~broadcast`.
+
+        """
+        return {connection for connection in self.handlers if connection.state is OPEN}
+
+    def wrap(self, server: asyncio.Server) -> None:
+        """
+        Attach to a given :class:`asyncio.Server`.
+
+        Since :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` doesn't support injecting a
+        custom ``Server`` class, the easiest solution that doesn't rely on
+        private :mod:`asyncio` APIs is to:
+
+        - instantiate a :class:`Server`
+        - give the protocol factory a reference to that instance
+        - call :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` with the factory
+        - attach the resulting :class:`asyncio.Server` with this method
+
+        """
+        self.server = server
+        for sock in server.sockets:
+            if sock.family == socket.AF_INET:
+                name = "%s:%d" % sock.getsockname()
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_INET6:
+                name = "[%s]:%d" % sock.getsockname()[:2]
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+                name = sock.getsockname()
+            # In the unlikely event that someone runs websockets over a
+            # protocol other than IP or Unix sockets, avoid crashing.
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                name = str(sock.getsockname())
+            self.logger.info("server listening on %s", name)
+
+    async def conn_handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle the lifecycle of a WebSocket connection.
+
+        Since this method doesn't have a caller that can handle exceptions,
+        it attempts to log relevant ones.
+
+        It guarantees that the TCP connection is closed before exiting.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+                try:
+                    await connection.handshake(
+                        self.process_request,
+                        self.process_response,
+                        self.server_header,
+                    )
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    connection.transport.abort()
+                    raise
+                except Exception:
+                    connection.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                    connection.transport.abort()
+                    return
+
+            if connection.protocol.state is not OPEN:
+                # process_request or process_response rejected the handshake.
+                connection.transport.abort()
+                return
+
+            try:
+                connection.start_keepalive()
+                await self.handler(connection)
+            except Exception:
+                connection.logger.error("connection handler failed", exc_info=True)
+                await connection.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            else:
+                await connection.close()
+
+        except TimeoutError:
+            # When the opening handshake times out, there's nothing to log.
+            pass
+
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Don't leak connections on unexpected errors.
+            connection.transport.abort()
+
+        finally:
+            # Registration is tied to the lifecycle of conn_handler() because
+            # the server waits for connection handlers to terminate, even if
+            # all connections are already closed.
+            del self.handlers[connection]
+
+    def start_connection_handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """
+        Register a connection with this server.
+
+        """
+        # The connection must be registered in self.handlers immediately.
+        # If it was registered in conn_handler(), a race condition could
+        # happen when closing the server after scheduling conn_handler()
+        # but before it starts executing.
+        self.handlers[connection] = self.loop.create_task(self.conn_handler(connection))
+
+    def close(
+        self,
+        close_connections: bool = True,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the server.
+
+        * Close the underlying :class:`asyncio.Server`.
+        * When ``close_connections`` is :obj:`True`, which is the default, close
+          existing connections. Specifically:
+
+          * Reject opening WebSocket connections with an HTTP 503 (service
+            unavailable) error. This happens when the server accepted the TCP
+            connection but didn't complete the opening handshake before closing.
+          * Close open WebSocket connections with code 1001 (going away).
+            ``code`` and ``reason`` can be customized, for example to use code
+            1012 (service restart).
+
+        * Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent.
+
+        """
+        if self.close_task is None:
+            self.close_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._close(close_connections, code, reason)
+            )
+
+    async def _close(
+        self,
+        close_connections: bool = True,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Implementation of :meth:`close`.
+
+        This calls :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` on the underlying
+        :class:`asyncio.Server` object to stop accepting new connections and
+        then closes open connections.
+
+        """
+        self.logger.info("server closing")
+
+        # Stop accepting new connections.
+        self.server.close()
+
+        # Wait until all accepted connections reach connection_made() and call
+        # register(). See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/79033 for
+        # details. This workaround can be removed when dropping Python < 3.11.
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        # After server.close(), handshake() closes OPENING connections with an
+        # HTTP 503 error.
+
+        if close_connections:
+            # Close OPEN connections with code 1001 by default.
+            close_tasks = [
+                asyncio.create_task(connection.close(code, reason))
+                for connection in self.handlers
+                if connection.protocol.state is not CONNECTING
+            ]
+            # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+            if close_tasks:
+                await asyncio.wait(close_tasks)
+
+        # Wait until all TCP connections are closed.
+        await self.server.wait_closed()
+
+        # Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+        # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+        if self.handlers:
+            await asyncio.wait(self.handlers.values())
+
+        # Tell wait_closed() to return.
+        self.closed_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        self.logger.info("server closed")
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the server is closed.
+
+        When :meth:`wait_closed` returns, all TCP connections are closed and
+        all connection handlers have returned.
+
+        To ensure a fast shutdown, a connection handler should always be
+        awaiting at least one of:
+
+        * :meth:`~ServerConnection.recv`: when the connection is closed,
+          it raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK`;
+        * :meth:`~ServerConnection.wait_closed`: when the connection is
+          closed, it returns.
+
+        Then the connection handler is immediately notified of the shutdown;
+        it can clean up and exit.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.closed_waiter)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.get_loop`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.get_loop()
+
+    def is_serving(self) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.is_serving`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.is_serving()
+
+    async def start_serving(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.start_serving`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(..., start_serving=False)
+            # perform additional setup here...
+            # ... then start the server
+            await server.start_serving()
+
+        """
+        await self.server.start_serving()
+
+    async def serve_forever(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.serve_forever`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(...)
+            # this coroutine doesn't return
+            # canceling it stops the server
+            await server.serve_forever()
+
+        This is an alternative to using :func:`serve` as an asynchronous context
+        manager. Shutdown is triggered by canceling :meth:`serve_forever`
+        instead of exiting a :func:`serve` context.
+
+        """
+        await self.server.serve_forever()
+
+    @property
+    def sockets(self) -> tuple[socket.socket, ...]:
+        """
+        See :attr:`asyncio.Server.sockets`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.sockets
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Server:  # pragma: no cover
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+
+# This is spelled in lower case because it's exposed as a callable in the API.
+class serve:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on ``host`` and ``port``.
+
+    Whenever a client connects, the server creates a :class:`ServerConnection`,
+    performs the opening handshake, and delegates to the ``handler`` coroutine.
+
+    The handler receives the :class:`ServerConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    Once the handler completes, either normally or with an exception, the server
+    performs the closing handshake and closes the connection.
+
+    This coroutine returns a :class:`Server` whose API mirrors
+    :class:`asyncio.Server`. Treat it as an asynchronous context manager to
+    ensure that the server will be closed::
+
+        from websockets.asyncio.server import serve
+
+        def handler(websocket):
+            ...
+
+        # set this future to exit the server
+        stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        async with serve(handler, host, port):
+            await stop
+
+    Alternatively, call :meth:`~Server.serve_forever` to serve requests and
+    cancel it to stop the server::
+
+        server = await serve(handler, host, port)
+        await server.serve_forever()
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        host: Network interfaces the server binds to.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        port: TCP port the server listens on.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header, for defending
+            against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. Values can be
+            :class:`str` to test for an exact match or regular expressions
+            compiled by :func:`re.compile` to test against a pattern. Include
+            :obj:`None` in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        select_subprotocol: Callback for selecting a subprotocol among
+            those supported by the client and the server. It receives a
+            :class:`ServerConnection` (not a
+            :class:`~websockets.server.ServerProtocol`!) instance and a list of
+            subprotocols offered by the client. Other than the first argument,
+            it has the same behavior as the
+            :meth:`ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol
+            <websockets.server.ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol>` method.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        process_request: Intercept the request during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response or :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+            ``process_request`` may be a function or a coroutine.
+        process_response: Intercept the response during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response or :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+            ``process_response`` may be a function or a coroutine.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``. Setting it to
+            :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        write_limit: High-water mark of write buffer in bytes. It is passed to
+            :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`. It defaults
+            to 32 KiB. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the
+            high-water and low-water marks.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``. See the
+            :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ServerConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enable TLS.
+
+    * You can set ``sock`` to provide a preexisting TCP socket. You may call
+      :func:`socket.create_server` (not to be confused with the event loop's
+      :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` method) to create a suitable server
+      socket and customize it.
+
+    * You can set ``start_serving`` to ``False`` to start accepting connections
+      only after you call :meth:`~Server.start_serving()` or
+      :meth:`~Server.serve_forever()`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]],
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        *,
+        # WebSocket
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | re.Pattern[str] | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                Subprotocol | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        # HTTP
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        # Timeouts
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        # Limits
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+        # Logging
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+        create_connection: type[ServerConnection] | None = None,
+        # Other keyword arguments are passed to loop.create_server
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_server_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if create_connection is None:
+            create_connection = ServerConnection
+
+        self.server = Server(
+            handler,
+            process_request=process_request,
+            process_response=process_response,
+            server_header=server_header,
+            open_timeout=open_timeout,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        if kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ssl_handshake_timeout", open_timeout)
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no branch
+                kwargs.setdefault("ssl_shutdown_timeout", close_timeout)
+
+        def factory() -> ServerConnection:
+            """
+            Create an asyncio protocol for managing a WebSocket connection.
+
+            """
+            # Create a closure to give select_subprotocol access to connection.
+            protocol_select_subprotocol: (
+                Callable[
+                    [ServerProtocol, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                    Subprotocol | None,
+                ]
+                | None
+            ) = None
+            if select_subprotocol is not None:
+
+                def protocol_select_subprotocol(
+                    protocol: ServerProtocol,
+                    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+                ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+                    # mypy doesn't know that select_subprotocol is immutable.
+                    assert select_subprotocol is not None
+                    # Ensure this function is only used in the intended context.
+                    assert protocol is connection.protocol
+                    return select_subprotocol(connection, subprotocols)
+
+            # This is a protocol in the Sans-I/O implementation of websockets.
+            protocol = ServerProtocol(
+                origins=origins,
+                extensions=extensions,
+                subprotocols=subprotocols,
+                select_subprotocol=protocol_select_subprotocol,
+                max_size=max_size,
+                logger=logger,
+            )
+            # This is a connection in websockets and a protocol in asyncio.
+            connection = create_connection(
+                protocol,
+                self.server,
+                ping_interval=ping_interval,
+                ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+                close_timeout=close_timeout,
+                max_queue=max_queue,
+                write_limit=write_limit,
+            )
+            return connection
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            self.create_server = loop.create_unix_server(factory, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            # mypy cannot tell that kwargs must provide sock when port is None.
+            self.create_server = loop.create_server(factory, host, port, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    # async with serve(...) as ...: ...
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Server:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.server.close()
+        await self.server.wait_closed()
+
+    # ... = await serve(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, Server]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> Server:
+        server = await self.create_server
+        self.server.wrap(server)
+        return self.server
+
+    # ... = yield from serve(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+
+def unix_serve(
+    handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]],
+    path: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function is identical to :func:`serve`, except the ``host`` and
+    ``port`` arguments are replaced by ``path``. It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's useful for deploying a server behind a reverse proxy such as nginx.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+    """
+    return serve(handler, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+def is_credentials(credentials: Any) -> bool:
+    try:
+        username, password = credentials
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return isinstance(username, str) and isinstance(password, str)
+
+
+def basic_auth(
+    realm: str = "",
+    credentials: tuple[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], Awaitable[bool] | bool] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[ServerConnection, Request], Awaitable[Response | None]]:
+    """
+    Factory for ``process_request`` to enforce HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+    :func:`basic_auth` is designed to integrate with :func:`serve` as follows::
+
+        from websockets.asyncio.server import basic_auth, serve
+
+        async with serve(
+            ...,
+            process_request=basic_auth(
+                realm="my dev server",
+                credentials=("hello", "iloveyou"),
+            ),
+        ):
+
+    If authentication succeeds, the connection's ``username`` attribute is set.
+    If it fails, the server responds with an HTTP 401 Unauthorized status.
+
+    One of ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` must be provided; not both.
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Scope of protection. It should contain only ASCII characters
+            because the encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined. Refer to
+            section 2.2 of :rfc:`7235` for details.
+        credentials: Hard coded authorized credentials. It can be a
+            ``(username, password)`` pair or a list of such pairs.
+        check_credentials: Function or coroutine that verifies credentials.
+            It receives ``username`` and ``password`` arguments and returns
+            whether they're valid.
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` is wrong.
+        ValueError: If ``credentials`` and ``check_credentials`` are both
+            provided or both not provided.
+
+    """
+    if (credentials is None) == (check_credentials is None):
+        raise ValueError("provide either credentials or check_credentials")
+
+    if credentials is not None:
+        if is_credentials(credentials):
+            credentials_list = [cast(tuple[str, str], credentials)]
+        elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[tuple[str, str]], credentials))
+            if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
+                raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+
+        credentials_dict = dict(credentials_list)
+
+        def check_credentials(username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+            try:
+                expected_password = credentials_dict[username]
+            except KeyError:
+                return False
+            return hmac.compare_digest(expected_password, password)
+
+    assert check_credentials is not None  # help mypy
+
+    async def process_request(
+        connection: ServerConnection,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """
+        Perform HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+        If it succeeds, set the connection's ``username`` attribute and return
+        :obj:`None`. If it fails, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized responss.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            authorization = request.headers["Authorization"]
+        except KeyError:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Missing credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        try:
+            username, password = parse_authorization_basic(authorization)
+        except InvalidHeader:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Unsupported credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        valid_credentials = check_credentials(username, password)
+        if isinstance(valid_credentials, Awaitable):
+            valid_credentials = await valid_credentials
+
+        if not valid_credentials:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Invalid credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        connection.username = username
+        return None
+
+    return process_request
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/auth.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15b70a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    # Suppress redundant DeprecationWarning raised by websockets.legacy.
+    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+    from .legacy.auth import *
+    from .legacy.auth import __all__  # noqa: F401
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+    "websockets.auth, an alias for websockets.legacy.auth, is deprecated; "
+    "see https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/howto/upgrade.html "
+    "for upgrade instructions",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/cli.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e084b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Generator
+
+from .asyncio.client import ClientConnection, connect
+from .asyncio.messages import SimpleQueue
+from .exceptions import ConnectionClosed
+from .frames import Close
+from .streams import StreamReader
+from .version import version as websockets_version
+
+
+__all__ = ["main"]
+
+
+def print_during_input(string: str) -> None:
+    sys.stdout.write(
+        # Save cursor position
+        "\N{ESC}7"
+        # Add a new line
+        "\N{LINE FEED}"
+        # Move cursor up
+        "\N{ESC}[A"
+        # Insert blank line, scroll last line down
+        "\N{ESC}[L"
+        # Print string in the inserted blank line
+        f"{string}\N{LINE FEED}"
+        # Restore cursor position
+        "\N{ESC}8"
+        # Move cursor down
+        "\N{ESC}[B"
+    )
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def print_over_input(string: str) -> None:
+    sys.stdout.write(
+        # Move cursor to beginning of line
+        "\N{CARRIAGE RETURN}"
+        # Delete current line
+        "\N{ESC}[K"
+        # Print string
+        f"{string}\N{LINE FEED}"
+    )
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+class ReadLines(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.reader = StreamReader()
+        self.messages: SimpleQueue[str] = SimpleQueue()
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        while True:
+            sys.stdout.write("> ")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            line = yield from self.reader.read_line(sys.maxsize)
+            self.messages.put(line.decode().rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.parser = self.parse()
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        # next(self.parser) isn't useful and would raise EOFError.
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.reader.discard()
+        self.messages.abort()
+
+
+async def print_incoming_messages(websocket: ClientConnection) -> None:
+    async for message in websocket:
+        if isinstance(message, str):
+            print_during_input("< " + message)
+        else:
+            print_during_input("< (binary) " + message.hex())
+
+
+async def send_outgoing_messages(
+    websocket: ClientConnection,
+    messages: SimpleQueue[str],
+) -> None:
+    while True:
+        try:
+            message = await messages.get()
+        except EOFError:
+            break
+        try:
+            await websocket.send(message)
+        except ConnectionClosed:  # pragma: no cover
+            break
+
+
+async def interactive_client(uri: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        websocket = await connect(uri)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        print(f"Failed to connect to {uri}: {exc}.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    else:
+        print(f"Connected to {uri}.")
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    transport, protocol = await loop.connect_read_pipe(ReadLines, sys.stdin)
+    incoming = asyncio.create_task(
+        print_incoming_messages(websocket),
+    )
+    outgoing = asyncio.create_task(
+        send_outgoing_messages(websocket, protocol.messages),
+    )
+    try:
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [incoming, outgoing],
+            # Clean up and exit when the server closes the connection
+            # or the user enters EOT (^D), whichever happens first.
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+    # asyncio.run() cancels the main task when the user triggers SIGINT (^C).
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-runner.html#handling-keyboard-interruption
+    # Clean up and exit without re-raising CancelledError to prevent Python
+    # from raising KeyboardInterrupt and displaying a stack track.
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    finally:
+        incoming.cancel()
+        outgoing.cancel()
+        transport.close()
+
+    await websocket.close()
+    assert websocket.close_code is not None and websocket.close_reason is not None
+    close_status = Close(websocket.close_code, websocket.close_reason)
+    print_over_input(f"Connection closed: {close_status}.")
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="websockets",
+        description="Interactive WebSocket client.",
+        add_help=False,
+    )
+    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    group.add_argument("--version", action="store_true")
+    group.add_argument("uri", metavar="<uri>", nargs="?")
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    if args.version:
+        print(f"websockets {websockets_version}")
+        return
+
+    if args.uri is None:
+        parser.print_usage()
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    # Enable VT100 to support ANSI escape codes in Command Prompt on Windows.
+    # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/74261 for why this works.
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        os.system("")
+
+    try:
+        import readline  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError:  # readline isn't available on all platforms
+        pass
+
+    # Remove the try/except block when dropping Python < 3.11.
+    try:
+        asyncio.run(interactive_client(args.uri))
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/client.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fbcda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import random
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any
+
+from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
+from .exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidHeaderValue,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidStatus,
+    InvalidUpgrade,
+    NegotiationError,
+)
+from .extensions import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension
+from .headers import (
+    build_authorization_basic,
+    build_extension,
+    build_host,
+    build_subprotocol,
+    parse_connection,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    parse_upgrade,
+)
+from .http11 import Request, Response
+from .imports import lazy_import
+from .protocol import CLIENT, CONNECTING, OPEN, Protocol, State
+from .typing import (
+    ConnectionOption,
+    ExtensionHeader,
+    LoggerLike,
+    Origin,
+    Subprotocol,
+    UpgradeProtocol,
+)
+from .uri import WebSocketURI
+from .utils import accept_key, generate_key
+
+
+__all__ = ["ClientProtocol"]
+
+
+class ClientProtocol(Protocol):
+    """
+    Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket client connection.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server, parsed
+            with :func:`~websockets.uri.parse_uri`.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header. This is useful when connecting
+            to a server that validates the ``Origin`` header to defend against
+            Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be tried.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        logger: Logger for this connection;
+            defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``;
+            see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: WebSocketURI,
+        *,
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        state: State = CONNECTING,
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            side=CLIENT,
+            state=state,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.origin = origin
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        self.key = generate_key()
+
+    def connect(self) -> Request:
+        """
+        Create a handshake request to open a connection.
+
+        You must send the handshake request with :meth:`send_request`.
+
+        You can modify it before sending it, for example to add HTTP headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            WebSocket handshake request event to send to the server.
+
+        """
+        headers = Headers()
+        headers["Host"] = build_host(self.uri.host, self.uri.port, self.uri.secure)
+        if self.uri.user_info:
+            headers["Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(*self.uri.user_info)
+        if self.origin is not None:
+            headers["Origin"] = self.origin
+        headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+        headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+        headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = self.key
+        headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"] = "13"
+        if self.available_extensions is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = build_extension(
+                [
+                    (extension_factory.name, extension_factory.get_request_params())
+                    for extension_factory in self.available_extensions
+                ]
+            )
+        if self.available_subprotocols is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = build_subprotocol(
+                self.available_subprotocols
+            )
+        return Request(self.uri.resource_name, headers)
+
+    def process_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Check a handshake response.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake response received from the server.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake response is invalid.
+
+        """
+
+        if response.status_code != 101:
+            raise InvalidStatus(response)
+
+        headers = response.headers
+
+        connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+            [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+        )
+        if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade(
+                "Connection", ", ".join(connection) if connection else None
+            )
+
+        upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+            [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+        )
+        # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+        # checking the Upgrade header. It's supposed to be 'WebSocket'.
+        if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade) if upgrade else None)
+
+        try:
+            s_w_accept = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept") from None
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", "multiple values") from None
+        if s_w_accept != accept_key(self.key):
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", s_w_accept)
+
+        self.extensions = self.process_extensions(headers)
+        self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(headers)
+
+    def process_extensions(self, headers: Headers) -> list[Extension]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header.
+
+        Check that each extension is supported, as well as its parameters.
+
+        :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each
+        extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension accepted by
+        the server, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        client configuration. If no match is found, an exception is raised.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are accepted by the server,
+        it may be configured several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake response headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of accepted extensions.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake.
+
+        """
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        extensions = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if extensions:
+            if self.available_extensions is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no extensions supported")
+
+            parsed_extensions: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in extensions], []
+            )
+
+            for name, response_params in parsed_extensions:
+                for extension_factory in self.available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if extension_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        extension = extension_factory.process_response_params(
+                            response_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the server sent. Fail the connection.
+                else:
+                    raise NegotiationError(
+                        f"Unsupported extension: "
+                        f"name = {name}, params = {response_params}"
+                    )
+
+        return accepted_extensions
+
+    def process_subprotocol(self, headers: Headers) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header.
+
+        If provided, check that it contains exactly one supported subprotocol.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake response headers.
+
+        Returns:
+           Subprotocol, if one was selected.
+
+        """
+        subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        subprotocols = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+        if subprotocols:
+            if self.available_subprotocols is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no subprotocols supported")
+
+            parsed_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum(
+                [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in subprotocols], []
+            )
+            if len(parsed_subprotocols) > 1:
+                raise InvalidHeader(
+                    "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol",
+                    f"multiple values: {', '.join(parsed_subprotocols)}",
+                )
+
+            subprotocol = parsed_subprotocols[0]
+            if subprotocol not in self.available_subprotocols:
+                raise NegotiationError(f"unsupported subprotocol: {subprotocol}")
+
+        return subprotocol
+
+    def send_request(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a handshake request to the server.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake request event.
+
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> GET %s HTTP/1.1", request.path)
+            for key, value in request.headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        self.writes.append(request.serialize())
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        if self.state is CONNECTING:
+            try:
+                response = yield from Response.parse(
+                    self.reader.read_line,
+                    self.reader.read_exact,
+                    self.reader.read_to_eof,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                self.handshake_exc = InvalidMessage(
+                    "did not receive a valid HTTP response"
+                )
+                self.handshake_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                self.send_eof()
+                self.parser = self.discard()
+                next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+                yield
+
+            if self.debug:
+                code, phrase = response.status_code, response.reason_phrase
+                self.logger.debug("< HTTP/1.1 %d %s", code, phrase)
+                for key, value in response.headers.raw_items():
+                    self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+                if response.body:
+                    self.logger.debug("< [body] (%d bytes)", len(response.body))
+
+            try:
+                self.process_response(response)
+            except InvalidHandshake as exc:
+                response._exception = exc
+                self.events.append(response)
+                self.handshake_exc = exc
+                self.send_eof()
+                self.parser = self.discard()
+                next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+                yield
+
+            assert self.state is CONNECTING
+            self.state = OPEN
+            self.events.append(response)
+
+        yield from super().parse()
+
+
+class ClientConnection(ClientProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02
+            "ClientConnection was renamed to ClientProtocol",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY", "5"))
+BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY", "3.1"))
+BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY", "90.0"))
+BACKOFF_FACTOR = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_FACTOR", "1.618"))
+
+
+def backoff(
+    initial_delay: float = BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY,
+    min_delay: float = BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY,
+    max_delay: float = BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY,
+    factor: float = BACKOFF_FACTOR,
+) -> Generator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a series of backoff delays between reconnection attempts.
+
+    Yields:
+        How many seconds to wait before retrying to connect.
+
+    """
+    # Add a random initial delay between 0 and 5 seconds.
+    # See 7.2.3. Recovering from Abnormal Closure in RFC 6455.
+    yield random.random() * initial_delay
+    delay = min_delay
+    while delay < max_delay:
+        yield delay
+        delay *= factor
+    while True:
+        yield max_delay
+
+
+lazy_import(
+    globals(),
+    deprecated_aliases={
+        # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+        "WebSocketClientProtocol": ".legacy.client",
+        "connect": ".legacy.client",
+        "unix_connect": ".legacy.client",
+    },
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e78e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from .protocol import SEND_EOF, Protocol as Connection, Side, State  # noqa: F401
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02
+    "websockets.connection was renamed to websockets.protocol "
+    "and Connection was renamed to Protocol",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/datastructures.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/datastructures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d5d66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/datastructures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, Protocol
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Headers",
+    "HeadersLike",
+    "MultipleValuesError",
+]
+
+
+class MultipleValuesError(LookupError):
+    """
+    Exception raised when :class:`Headers` has multiple values for a key.
+
+    """
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # Implement the same logic as KeyError_str in Objects/exceptions.c.
+        if len(self.args) == 1:
+            return repr(self.args[0])
+        return super().__str__()
+
+
+class Headers(MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    Efficient data structure for manipulating HTTP headers.
+
+    A :class:`list` of ``(name, values)`` is inefficient for lookups.
+
+    A :class:`dict` doesn't suffice because header names are case-insensitive
+    and multiple occurrences of headers with the same name are possible.
+
+    :class:`Headers` stores HTTP headers in a hybrid data structure to provide
+    efficient insertions and lookups while preserving the original data.
+
+    In order to account for multiple values with minimal hassle,
+    :class:`Headers` follows this logic:
+
+    - When getting a header with ``headers[name]``:
+        - if there's no value, :exc:`KeyError` is raised;
+        - if there's exactly one value, it's returned;
+        - if there's more than one value, :exc:`MultipleValuesError` is raised.
+
+    - When setting a header with ``headers[name] = value``, the value is
+      appended to the list of values for that header.
+
+    - When deleting a header with ``del headers[name]``, all values for that
+      header are removed (this is slow).
+
+    Other methods for manipulating headers are consistent with this logic.
+
+    As long as no header occurs multiple times, :class:`Headers` behaves like
+    :class:`dict`, except keys are lower-cased to provide case-insensitivity.
+
+    Two methods support manipulating multiple values explicitly:
+
+    - :meth:`get_all` returns a list of all values for a header;
+    - :meth:`raw_items` returns an iterator of ``(name, values)`` pairs.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["_dict", "_list"]
+
+    # Like dict, Headers accepts an optional "mapping or iterable" argument.
+    def __init__(self, *args: HeadersLike, **kwargs: str) -> None:
+        self._dict: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+        self._list: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        self.update(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(f"{key}: {value}\r\n" for key, value in self._list) + "\r\n"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._list!r})"
+
+    def copy(self) -> Headers:
+        copy = self.__class__()
+        copy._dict = self._dict.copy()
+        copy._list = self._list.copy()
+        return copy
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        # Since headers only contain ASCII characters, we can keep this simple.
+        return str(self).encode()
+
+    # Collection methods
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(key, str) and key.lower() in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._dict)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    # MutableMapping methods
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        value = self._dict[key.lower()]
+        if len(value) == 1:
+            return value[0]
+        else:
+            raise MultipleValuesError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        self._dict.setdefault(key.lower(), []).append(value)
+        self._list.append((key, value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        key_lower = key.lower()
+        self._dict.__delitem__(key_lower)
+        # This is inefficient. Fortunately deleting HTTP headers is uncommon.
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k.lower() != key_lower]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Headers):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._dict == other._dict
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove all headers.
+
+        """
+        self._dict = {}
+        self._list = []
+
+    def update(self, *args: HeadersLike, **kwargs: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Update from a :class:`Headers` instance and/or keyword arguments.
+
+        """
+        args = tuple(
+            arg.raw_items() if isinstance(arg, Headers) else arg for arg in args
+        )
+        super().update(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    # Methods for handling multiple values
+
+    def get_all(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Return the (possibly empty) list of all values for a header.
+
+        Args:
+            key: Header name.
+
+        """
+        return self._dict.get(key.lower(), [])
+
+    def raw_items(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return an iterator of all values as ``(name, value)`` pairs.
+
+        """
+        return iter(self._list)
+
+
+# copy of _typeshed.SupportsKeysAndGetItem.
+class SupportsKeysAndGetItem(Protocol):  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Dict-like types with ``keys() -> str`` and ``__getitem__(key: str) -> str`` methods.
+
+    """
+
+    def keys(self) -> Iterable[str]: ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str: ...
+
+
+HeadersLike = (
+    Headers | Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | SupportsKeysAndGetItem
+)
+"""
+Types accepted where :class:`Headers` is expected.
+
+In addition to :class:`Headers` itself, this includes dict-like types where both
+keys and values are :class:`str`.
+
+"""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88deaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+"""
+:mod:`websockets.exceptions` defines the following hierarchy of exceptions.
+
+* :exc:`WebSocketException`
+    * :exc:`ConnectionClosed`
+        * :exc:`ConnectionClosedOK`
+        * :exc:`ConnectionClosedError`
+    * :exc:`InvalidURI`
+    * :exc:`InvalidProxy`
+    * :exc:`InvalidHandshake`
+        * :exc:`SecurityError`
+        * :exc:`ProxyError`
+            * :exc:`InvalidProxyMessage`
+            * :exc:`InvalidProxyStatus`
+        * :exc:`InvalidMessage`
+        * :exc:`InvalidStatus`
+        * :exc:`InvalidStatusCode` (legacy)
+        * :exc:`InvalidHeader`
+            * :exc:`InvalidHeaderFormat`
+            * :exc:`InvalidHeaderValue`
+            * :exc:`InvalidOrigin`
+            * :exc:`InvalidUpgrade`
+        * :exc:`NegotiationError`
+            * :exc:`DuplicateParameter`
+            * :exc:`InvalidParameterName`
+            * :exc:`InvalidParameterValue`
+        * :exc:`AbortHandshake` (legacy)
+        * :exc:`RedirectHandshake` (legacy)
+    * :exc:`ProtocolError` (Sans-I/O)
+    * :exc:`PayloadTooBig` (Sans-I/O)
+    * :exc:`InvalidState` (Sans-I/O)
+    * :exc:`ConcurrencyError`
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from .imports import lazy_import
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "WebSocketException",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "ConnectionClosedOK",
+    "ConnectionClosedError",
+    "InvalidURI",
+    "InvalidProxy",
+    "InvalidHandshake",
+    "SecurityError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "InvalidProxyMessage",
+    "InvalidProxyStatus",
+    "InvalidMessage",
+    "InvalidStatus",
+    "InvalidHeader",
+    "InvalidHeaderFormat",
+    "InvalidHeaderValue",
+    "InvalidOrigin",
+    "InvalidUpgrade",
+    "NegotiationError",
+    "DuplicateParameter",
+    "InvalidParameterName",
+    "InvalidParameterValue",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "PayloadTooBig",
+    "InvalidState",
+    "ConcurrencyError",
+]
+
+
+class WebSocketException(Exception):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions defined by websockets.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectionClosed(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to interact with a closed connection.
+
+    Attributes:
+        rcvd: If a close frame was received, its code and reason are available
+            in ``rcvd.code`` and ``rcvd.reason``.
+        sent: If a close frame was sent, its code and reason are available
+            in ``sent.code`` and ``sent.reason``.
+        rcvd_then_sent: If close frames were received and sent, this attribute
+            tells in which order this happened, from the perspective of this
+            side of the connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        rcvd: frames.Close | None,
+        sent: frames.Close | None,
+        rcvd_then_sent: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.rcvd = rcvd
+        self.sent = sent
+        self.rcvd_then_sent = rcvd_then_sent
+        assert (self.rcvd_then_sent is None) == (self.rcvd is None or self.sent is None)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.rcvd is None:
+            if self.sent is None:
+                return "no close frame received or sent"
+            else:
+                return f"sent {self.sent}; no close frame received"
+        else:
+            if self.sent is None:
+                return f"received {self.rcvd}; no close frame sent"
+            else:
+                if self.rcvd_then_sent:
+                    return f"received {self.rcvd}; then sent {self.sent}"
+                else:
+                    return f"sent {self.sent}; then received {self.rcvd}"
+
+    # code and reason attributes are provided for backwards-compatibility
+
+    @property
+    def code(self) -> int:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.1 - 2024-09-21
+            "ConnectionClosed.code is deprecated; "
+            "use Protocol.close_code or ConnectionClosed.rcvd.code",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        if self.rcvd is None:
+            return frames.CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE
+        return self.rcvd.code
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self) -> str:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.1 - 2024-09-21
+            "ConnectionClosed.reason is deprecated; "
+            "use Protocol.close_reason or ConnectionClosed.rcvd.reason",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        if self.rcvd is None:
+            return ""
+        return self.rcvd.reason
+
+
+class ConnectionClosedOK(ConnectionClosed):
+    """
+    Like :exc:`ConnectionClosed`, when the connection terminated properly.
+
+    A close code with code 1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a code was
+    received and sent.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectionClosedError(ConnectionClosed):
+    """
+    Like :exc:`ConnectionClosed`, when the connection terminated with an error.
+
+    A close frame with a code other than 1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) was
+    received or sent, or the closing handshake didn't complete properly.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidURI(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when connecting to a URI that isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, uri: str, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.msg = msg
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.uri} isn't a valid URI: {self.msg}"
+
+
+class InvalidProxy(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when connecting via a proxy that isn't valid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, proxy: str, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.msg = msg
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.proxy} isn't a valid proxy: {self.msg}"
+
+
+class InvalidHandshake(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Base class for exceptions raised when the opening handshake fails.
+
+    """
+
+
+class SecurityError(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake request or response breaks a security rule.
+
+    Security limits can be configured with :doc:`environment variables
+    <../reference/variables>`.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ProxyError(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when failing to connect to a proxy.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidProxyMessage(ProxyError):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP proxy response is malformed.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidProxyStatus(ProxyError):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP proxy rejects the connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, response: http11.Response) -> None:
+        self.response = response
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"proxy rejected connection: HTTP {self.response.status_code:d}"
+
+
+class InvalidMessage(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake request or response is malformed.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidStatus(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake response rejects the WebSocket upgrade.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, response: http11.Response) -> None:
+        self.response = response
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"server rejected WebSocket connection: HTTP {self.response.status_code:d}"
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP header doesn't have a valid format or value.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.value is None:
+            return f"missing {self.name} header"
+        elif self.value == "":
+            return f"empty {self.name} header"
+        else:
+            return f"invalid {self.name} header: {self.value}"
+
+
+class InvalidHeaderFormat(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP header cannot be parsed.
+
+    The format of the header doesn't match the grammar for that header.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, error: str, header: str, pos: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, f"{error} at {pos} in {header}")
+
+
+class InvalidHeaderValue(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP header has a wrong value.
+
+    The format of the header is correct but the value isn't acceptable.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidOrigin(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when the Origin header in a request isn't allowed.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, origin: str | None) -> None:
+        super().__init__("Origin", origin)
+
+
+class InvalidUpgrade(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when the Upgrade or Connection header isn't correct.
+
+    """
+
+
+class NegotiationError(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when negotiating an extension or a subprotocol fails.
+
+    """
+
+
+class DuplicateParameter(NegotiationError):
+    """
+    Raised when a parameter name is repeated in an extension header.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"duplicate parameter: {self.name}"
+
+
+class InvalidParameterName(NegotiationError):
+    """
+    Raised when a parameter name in an extension header is invalid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"invalid parameter name: {self.name}"
+
+
+class InvalidParameterValue(NegotiationError):
+    """
+    Raised when a parameter value in an extension header is invalid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | None) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.value is None:
+            return f"missing value for parameter {self.name}"
+        elif self.value == "":
+            return f"empty value for parameter {self.name}"
+        else:
+            return f"invalid value for parameter {self.name}: {self.value}"
+
+
+class ProtocolError(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when receiving or sending a frame that breaks the protocol.
+
+    The Sans-I/O implementation raises this exception when:
+
+    * receiving or sending a frame that contains invalid data;
+    * receiving or sending an invalid sequence of frames.
+
+    """
+
+
+class PayloadTooBig(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when parsing a frame with a payload that exceeds the maximum size.
+
+    The Sans-I/O layer uses this exception internally. It doesn't bubble up to
+    the I/O layer.
+
+    The :meth:`~websockets.extensions.Extension.decode` method of extensions
+    must raise :exc:`PayloadTooBig` if decoding a frame would exceed the limit.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size_or_message: int | None | str,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+        current_size: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(size_or_message, str):
+            assert max_size is None
+            assert current_size is None
+            warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+                "PayloadTooBig(message) is deprecated; "
+                "change to PayloadTooBig(size, max_size)",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            self.message: str | None = size_or_message
+        else:
+            self.message = None
+            self.size: int | None = size_or_message
+            assert max_size is not None
+            self.max_size: int = max_size
+            self.current_size: int | None = None
+            self.set_current_size(current_size)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.message is not None:
+            return self.message
+        else:
+            message = "frame "
+            if self.size is not None:
+                message += f"with {self.size} bytes "
+            if self.current_size is not None:
+                message += f"after reading {self.current_size} bytes "
+            message += f"exceeds limit of {self.max_size} bytes"
+            return message
+
+    def set_current_size(self, current_size: int | None) -> None:
+        assert self.current_size is None
+        if current_size is not None:
+            self.max_size += current_size
+            self.current_size = current_size
+
+
+class InvalidState(WebSocketException, AssertionError):
+    """
+    Raised when sending a frame is forbidden in the current state.
+
+    Specifically, the Sans-I/O layer raises this exception when:
+
+    * sending a data frame to a connection in a state other
+      :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.OPEN`;
+    * sending a control frame to a connection in a state other than
+      :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.OPEN` or
+      :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.CLOSING`.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ConcurrencyError(WebSocketException, RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised when receiving or sending messages concurrently.
+
+    WebSocket is a connection-oriented protocol. Reads must be serialized; so
+    must be writes. However, reading and writing concurrently is possible.
+
+    """
+
+
+# At the bottom to break import cycles created by type annotations.
+from . import frames, http11  # noqa: E402
+
+
+lazy_import(
+    globals(),
+    deprecated_aliases={
+        # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+        "AbortHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+        "InvalidStatusCode": ".legacy.exceptions",
+        "RedirectHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+        "WebSocketProtocolError": ".legacy.exceptions",
+    },
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02838b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .base import *
+
+
+__all__ = ["Extension", "ClientExtensionFactory", "ServerExtensionFactory"]
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fdc59f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from ..frames import Frame
+from ..typing import ExtensionName, ExtensionParameter
+
+
+__all__ = ["Extension", "ClientExtensionFactory", "ServerExtensionFactory"]
+
+
+class Extension:
+    """
+    Base class for extensions.
+
+    """
+
+    name: ExtensionName
+    """Extension identifier."""
+
+    def decode(self, frame: Frame, *, max_size: int | None = None) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Decode an incoming frame.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Incoming frame.
+            max_size: Maximum payload size in bytes.
+
+        Returns:
+            Decoded frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            PayloadTooBig: If decoding the payload exceeds ``max_size``.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def encode(self, frame: Frame) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Encode an outgoing frame.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Outgoing frame.
+
+        Returns:
+            Encoded frame.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class ClientExtensionFactory:
+    """
+    Base class for client-side extension factories.
+
+    """
+
+    name: ExtensionName
+    """Extension identifier."""
+
+    def get_request_params(self) -> Sequence[ExtensionParameter]:
+        """
+        Build parameters to send to the server for this extension.
+
+        Returns:
+            Parameters to send to the server.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def process_response_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> Extension:
+        """
+        Process parameters received from the server.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Parameters received from the server for this extension.
+            accepted_extensions: List of previously accepted extensions.
+
+        Returns:
+            An extension instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            NegotiationError: If parameters aren't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class ServerExtensionFactory:
+    """
+    Base class for server-side extension factories.
+
+    """
+
+    name: ExtensionName
+    """Extension identifier."""
+
+    def process_request_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> tuple[list[ExtensionParameter], Extension]:
+        """
+        Process parameters received from the client.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Parameters received from the client for this extension.
+            accepted_extensions: List of previously accepted extensions.
+
+        Returns:
+            To accept the offer, parameters to send to the client for this
+            extension and an extension instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            NegotiationError: To reject the offer, if parameters received from
+                the client aren't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bc63d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import zlib
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from .. import frames
+from ..exceptions import (
+    DuplicateParameter,
+    InvalidParameterName,
+    InvalidParameterValue,
+    NegotiationError,
+    PayloadTooBig,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..typing import BytesLike, ExtensionName, ExtensionParameter
+from .base import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension, ServerExtensionFactory
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "PerMessageDeflate",
+    "ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory",
+    "enable_client_permessage_deflate",
+    "ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory",
+    "enable_server_permessage_deflate",
+]
+
+_EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK = b"\x00\x00\xff\xff"
+
+_MAX_WINDOW_BITS_VALUES = [str(bits) for bits in range(8, 16)]
+
+
+class PerMessageDeflate(Extension):
+    """
+    Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+    """
+
+    name = ExtensionName("permessage-deflate")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        remote_no_context_takeover: bool,
+        local_no_context_takeover: bool,
+        remote_max_window_bits: int,
+        local_max_window_bits: int,
+        compress_settings: dict[Any, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure the Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+        """
+        if compress_settings is None:
+            compress_settings = {}
+
+        assert remote_no_context_takeover in [False, True]
+        assert local_no_context_takeover in [False, True]
+        assert 8 <= remote_max_window_bits <= 15
+        assert 8 <= local_max_window_bits <= 15
+        assert "wbits" not in compress_settings
+
+        self.remote_no_context_takeover = remote_no_context_takeover
+        self.local_no_context_takeover = local_no_context_takeover
+        self.remote_max_window_bits = remote_max_window_bits
+        self.local_max_window_bits = local_max_window_bits
+        self.compress_settings = compress_settings
+
+        if not self.remote_no_context_takeover:
+            self.decoder = zlib.decompressobj(wbits=-self.remote_max_window_bits)
+
+        if not self.local_no_context_takeover:
+            self.encoder = zlib.compressobj(
+                wbits=-self.local_max_window_bits,
+                **self.compress_settings,
+            )
+
+        # To handle continuation frames properly, we must keep track of
+        # whether that initial frame was encoded.
+        self.decode_cont_data = False
+        # There's no need for self.encode_cont_data because we always encode
+        # outgoing frames, so it would always be True.
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"PerMessageDeflate("
+            f"remote_no_context_takeover={self.remote_no_context_takeover}, "
+            f"local_no_context_takeover={self.local_no_context_takeover}, "
+            f"remote_max_window_bits={self.remote_max_window_bits}, "
+            f"local_max_window_bits={self.local_max_window_bits})"
+        )
+
+    def decode(
+        self,
+        frame: frames.Frame,
+        *,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+    ) -> frames.Frame:
+        """
+        Decode an incoming frame.
+
+        """
+        # Skip control frames.
+        if frame.opcode in frames.CTRL_OPCODES:
+            return frame
+
+        # Handle continuation data frames:
+        # - skip if the message isn't encoded
+        # - reset "decode continuation data" flag if it's a final frame
+        if frame.opcode is frames.OP_CONT:
+            if not self.decode_cont_data:
+                return frame
+            if frame.fin:
+                self.decode_cont_data = False
+
+        # Handle text and binary data frames:
+        # - skip if the message isn't encoded
+        # - unset the rsv1 flag on the first frame of a compressed message
+        # - set "decode continuation data" flag if it's a non-final frame
+        else:
+            if not frame.rsv1:
+                return frame
+            if not frame.fin:
+                self.decode_cont_data = True
+
+            # Re-initialize per-message decoder.
+            if self.remote_no_context_takeover:
+                self.decoder = zlib.decompressobj(wbits=-self.remote_max_window_bits)
+
+        # Uncompress data. Protect against zip bombs by preventing zlib from
+        # decompressing more than max_length bytes (except when the limit is
+        # disabled with max_size = None).
+        data: BytesLike
+        if frame.fin and len(frame.data) < 2044:
+            # Profiling shows that appending four bytes, which makes a copy, is
+            # faster than calling decompress() again when data is less than 2kB.
+            data = bytes(frame.data) + _EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK
+        else:
+            data = frame.data
+        max_length = 0 if max_size is None else max_size
+        try:
+            data = self.decoder.decompress(data, max_length)
+            if self.decoder.unconsumed_tail:
+                assert max_size is not None  # help mypy
+                raise PayloadTooBig(None, max_size)
+            if frame.fin and len(frame.data) >= 2044:
+                # This cannot generate additional data.
+                self.decoder.decompress(_EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            raise ProtocolError("decompression failed") from exc
+
+        # Allow garbage collection of the decoder if it won't be reused.
+        if frame.fin and self.remote_no_context_takeover:
+            del self.decoder
+
+        return frames.Frame(
+            frame.opcode,
+            data,
+            frame.fin,
+            # Unset the rsv1 flag on the first frame of a compressed message.
+            False,
+            frame.rsv2,
+            frame.rsv3,
+        )
+
+    def encode(self, frame: frames.Frame) -> frames.Frame:
+        """
+        Encode an outgoing frame.
+
+        """
+        # Skip control frames.
+        if frame.opcode in frames.CTRL_OPCODES:
+            return frame
+
+        # Since we always encode messages, there's no "encode continuation
+        # data" flag similar to "decode continuation data" at this time.
+
+        if frame.opcode is not frames.OP_CONT:
+            # Re-initialize per-message decoder.
+            if self.local_no_context_takeover:
+                self.encoder = zlib.compressobj(
+                    wbits=-self.local_max_window_bits,
+                    **self.compress_settings,
+                )
+
+        # Compress data.
+        data: BytesLike
+        data = self.encoder.compress(frame.data) + self.encoder.flush(zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH)
+        if frame.fin:
+            # Sync flush generates between 5 or 6 bytes, ending with the bytes
+            # 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff, which must be removed.
+            assert data[-4:] == _EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK
+            # Making a copy is faster than memoryview(a)[:-4] until 2kB.
+            if len(data) < 2048:
+                data = data[:-4]
+            else:
+                data = memoryview(data)[:-4]
+
+        # Allow garbage collection of the encoder if it won't be reused.
+        if frame.fin and self.local_no_context_takeover:
+            del self.encoder
+
+        return frames.Frame(
+            frame.opcode,
+            data,
+            frame.fin,
+            # Set the rsv1 flag on the first frame of a compressed message.
+            frame.opcode is not frames.OP_CONT,
+            frame.rsv2,
+            frame.rsv3,
+        )
+
+
+def _build_parameters(
+    server_no_context_takeover: bool,
+    client_no_context_takeover: bool,
+    server_max_window_bits: int | None,
+    client_max_window_bits: int | Literal[True] | None,
+) -> list[ExtensionParameter]:
+    """
+    Build a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for some compression parameters.
+
+    """
+    params: list[ExtensionParameter] = []
+    if server_no_context_takeover:
+        params.append(("server_no_context_takeover", None))
+    if client_no_context_takeover:
+        params.append(("client_no_context_takeover", None))
+    if server_max_window_bits:
+        params.append(("server_max_window_bits", str(server_max_window_bits)))
+    if client_max_window_bits is True:  # only in handshake requests
+        params.append(("client_max_window_bits", None))
+    elif client_max_window_bits:
+        params.append(("client_max_window_bits", str(client_max_window_bits)))
+    return params
+
+
+def _extract_parameters(
+    params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter], *, is_server: bool
+) -> tuple[bool, bool, int | None, int | Literal[True] | None]:
+    """
+    Extract compression parameters from a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs.
+
+    If ``is_server`` is :obj:`True`, ``client_max_window_bits`` may be
+    provided without a value. This is only allowed in handshake requests.
+
+    """
+    server_no_context_takeover: bool = False
+    client_no_context_takeover: bool = False
+    server_max_window_bits: int | None = None
+    client_max_window_bits: int | Literal[True] | None = None
+
+    for name, value in params:
+        if name == "server_no_context_takeover":
+            if server_no_context_takeover:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if value is None:
+                server_no_context_takeover = True
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        elif name == "client_no_context_takeover":
+            if client_no_context_takeover:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if value is None:
+                client_no_context_takeover = True
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        elif name == "server_max_window_bits":
+            if server_max_window_bits is not None:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if value in _MAX_WINDOW_BITS_VALUES:
+                server_max_window_bits = int(value)
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        elif name == "client_max_window_bits":
+            if client_max_window_bits is not None:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if is_server and value is None:  # only in handshake requests
+                client_max_window_bits = True
+            elif value in _MAX_WINDOW_BITS_VALUES:
+                client_max_window_bits = int(value)
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        else:
+            raise InvalidParameterName(name)
+
+    return (
+        server_no_context_takeover,
+        client_no_context_takeover,
+        server_max_window_bits,
+        client_max_window_bits,
+    )
+
+
+class ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory(ClientExtensionFactory):
+    """
+    Client-side extension factory for the Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+    Parameters behave as described in `section 7.1 of RFC 7692`_.
+
+    .. _section 7.1 of RFC 7692: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692#section-7.1
+
+    Set them to :obj:`True` to include them in the negotiation offer without a
+    value or to an integer value to include them with this value.
+
+    Args:
+        server_no_context_takeover: Prevent server from using context takeover.
+        client_no_context_takeover: Prevent client from using context takeover.
+        server_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the server's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15.
+        client_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the client's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15, or :obj:`True` to indicate support without
+            setting a limit.
+        compress_settings: Additional keyword arguments for :func:`zlib.compressobj`,
+            excluding ``wbits``.
+
+    """
+
+    name = ExtensionName("permessage-deflate")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        client_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        server_max_window_bits: int | None = None,
+        client_max_window_bits: int | Literal[True] | None = True,
+        compress_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure the Per-Message Deflate extension factory.
+
+        """
+        if not (server_max_window_bits is None or 8 <= server_max_window_bits <= 15):
+            raise ValueError("server_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if not (
+            client_max_window_bits is None
+            or client_max_window_bits is True
+            or 8 <= client_max_window_bits <= 15
+        ):
+            raise ValueError("client_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if compress_settings is not None and "wbits" in compress_settings:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "compress_settings must not include wbits, "
+                "set client_max_window_bits instead"
+            )
+
+        self.server_no_context_takeover = server_no_context_takeover
+        self.client_no_context_takeover = client_no_context_takeover
+        self.server_max_window_bits = server_max_window_bits
+        self.client_max_window_bits = client_max_window_bits
+        self.compress_settings = compress_settings
+
+    def get_request_params(self) -> Sequence[ExtensionParameter]:
+        """
+        Build request parameters.
+
+        """
+        return _build_parameters(
+            self.server_no_context_takeover,
+            self.client_no_context_takeover,
+            self.server_max_window_bits,
+            self.client_max_window_bits,
+        )
+
+    def process_response_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> PerMessageDeflate:
+        """
+        Process response parameters.
+
+        Return an extension instance.
+
+        """
+        if any(other.name == self.name for other in accepted_extensions):
+            raise NegotiationError(f"received duplicate {self.name}")
+
+        # Request parameters are available in instance variables.
+
+        # Load response parameters in local variables.
+        (
+            server_no_context_takeover,
+            client_no_context_takeover,
+            server_max_window_bits,
+            client_max_window_bits,
+        ) = _extract_parameters(params, is_server=False)
+
+        # After comparing the request and the response, the final
+        # configuration must be available in the local variables.
+
+        # server_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True
+        #   True    False   Error!
+        #   True    True    True
+
+        if self.server_no_context_takeover:
+            if not server_no_context_takeover:
+                raise NegotiationError("expected server_no_context_takeover")
+
+        # client_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True
+        #   True    False   True - must change value
+        #   True    True    True
+
+        if self.client_no_context_takeover:
+            if not client_no_context_takeover:
+                client_no_context_takeover = True
+
+        # server_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  M
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    Error!
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  Error!
+
+        if self.server_max_window_bits is None:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            if server_max_window_bits is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("expected server_max_window_bits")
+            elif server_max_window_bits > self.server_max_window_bits:
+                raise NegotiationError("unsupported server_max_window_bits")
+
+        # client_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  Error!
+        #   True    None    None
+        #   True    8≤M≤15  M
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    N - must change value
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  Error!
+
+        if self.client_max_window_bits is None:
+            if client_max_window_bits is not None:
+                raise NegotiationError("unexpected client_max_window_bits")
+
+        elif self.client_max_window_bits is True:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            if client_max_window_bits is None:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+            elif client_max_window_bits > self.client_max_window_bits:
+                raise NegotiationError("unsupported client_max_window_bits")
+
+        return PerMessageDeflate(
+            server_no_context_takeover,  # remote_no_context_takeover
+            client_no_context_takeover,  # local_no_context_takeover
+            server_max_window_bits or 15,  # remote_max_window_bits
+            client_max_window_bits or 15,  # local_max_window_bits
+            self.compress_settings,
+        )
+
+
+def enable_client_permessage_deflate(
+    extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None,
+) -> Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory]:
+    """
+    Enable Per-Message Deflate with default settings in client extensions.
+
+    If the extension is already present, perhaps with non-default settings,
+    the configuration isn't changed.
+
+    """
+    if extensions is None:
+        extensions = []
+    if not any(
+        extension_factory.name == ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory.name
+        for extension_factory in extensions
+    ):
+        extensions = list(extensions) + [
+            ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory(
+                compress_settings={"memLevel": 5},
+            )
+        ]
+    return extensions
+
+
+class ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory(ServerExtensionFactory):
+    """
+    Server-side extension factory for the Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+    Parameters behave as described in `section 7.1 of RFC 7692`_.
+
+    .. _section 7.1 of RFC 7692: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692#section-7.1
+
+    Set them to :obj:`True` to include them in the negotiation offer without a
+    value or to an integer value to include them with this value.
+
+    Args:
+        server_no_context_takeover: Prevent server from using context takeover.
+        client_no_context_takeover: Prevent client from using context takeover.
+        server_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the server's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15.
+        client_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the client's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15.
+        compress_settings: Additional keyword arguments for :func:`zlib.compressobj`,
+            excluding ``wbits``.
+        require_client_max_window_bits: Do not enable compression at all if
+            client doesn't advertise support for ``client_max_window_bits``;
+            the default behavior is to enable compression without enforcing
+            ``client_max_window_bits``.
+
+    """
+
+    name = ExtensionName("permessage-deflate")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        client_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        server_max_window_bits: int | None = None,
+        client_max_window_bits: int | None = None,
+        compress_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        require_client_max_window_bits: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure the Per-Message Deflate extension factory.
+
+        """
+        if not (server_max_window_bits is None or 8 <= server_max_window_bits <= 15):
+            raise ValueError("server_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if not (client_max_window_bits is None or 8 <= client_max_window_bits <= 15):
+            raise ValueError("client_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if compress_settings is not None and "wbits" in compress_settings:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "compress_settings must not include wbits, "
+                "set server_max_window_bits instead"
+            )
+        if client_max_window_bits is None and require_client_max_window_bits:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "require_client_max_window_bits is enabled, "
+                "but client_max_window_bits isn't configured"
+            )
+
+        self.server_no_context_takeover = server_no_context_takeover
+        self.client_no_context_takeover = client_no_context_takeover
+        self.server_max_window_bits = server_max_window_bits
+        self.client_max_window_bits = client_max_window_bits
+        self.compress_settings = compress_settings
+        self.require_client_max_window_bits = require_client_max_window_bits
+
+    def process_request_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> tuple[list[ExtensionParameter], PerMessageDeflate]:
+        """
+        Process request parameters.
+
+        Return response params and an extension instance.
+
+        """
+        if any(other.name == self.name for other in accepted_extensions):
+            raise NegotiationError(f"skipped duplicate {self.name}")
+
+        # Load request parameters in local variables.
+        (
+            server_no_context_takeover,
+            client_no_context_takeover,
+            server_max_window_bits,
+            client_max_window_bits,
+        ) = _extract_parameters(params, is_server=True)
+
+        # Configuration parameters are available in instance variables.
+
+        # After comparing the request and the configuration, the response must
+        # be available in the local variables.
+
+        # server_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True
+        #   True    False   True - must change value to True
+        #   True    True    True
+
+        if self.server_no_context_takeover:
+            if not server_no_context_takeover:
+                server_no_context_takeover = True
+
+        # client_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True (or False)
+        #   True    False   True - must change value to True
+        #   True    True    True (or False)
+
+        if self.client_no_context_takeover:
+            if not client_no_context_takeover:
+                client_no_context_takeover = True
+
+        # server_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  M
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    N - must change value
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  N - must change value
+
+        if self.server_max_window_bits is None:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            if server_max_window_bits is None:
+                server_max_window_bits = self.server_max_window_bits
+            elif server_max_window_bits > self.server_max_window_bits:
+                server_max_window_bits = self.server_max_window_bits
+
+        # client_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    True    None - must change value
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  M (or None)
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    None or Error!
+        #   8≤N≤15  True    N - must change value
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M (or None)
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  N
+
+        if self.client_max_window_bits is None:
+            if client_max_window_bits is True:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+
+        else:
+            if client_max_window_bits is None:
+                if self.require_client_max_window_bits:
+                    raise NegotiationError("required client_max_window_bits")
+            elif client_max_window_bits is True:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+            elif self.client_max_window_bits < client_max_window_bits:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+
+        return (
+            _build_parameters(
+                server_no_context_takeover,
+                client_no_context_takeover,
+                server_max_window_bits,
+                client_max_window_bits,
+            ),
+            PerMessageDeflate(
+                client_no_context_takeover,  # remote_no_context_takeover
+                server_no_context_takeover,  # local_no_context_takeover
+                client_max_window_bits or 15,  # remote_max_window_bits
+                server_max_window_bits or 15,  # local_max_window_bits
+                self.compress_settings,
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+def enable_server_permessage_deflate(
+    extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None,
+) -> Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory]:
+    """
+    Enable Per-Message Deflate with default settings in server extensions.
+
+    If the extension is already present, perhaps with non-default settings,
+    the configuration isn't changed.
+
+    """
+    if extensions is None:
+        extensions = []
+    if not any(
+        ext_factory.name == ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory.name
+        for ext_factory in extensions
+    ):
+        extensions = list(extensions) + [
+            ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory(
+                server_max_window_bits=12,
+                client_max_window_bits=12,
+                compress_settings={"memLevel": 5},
+            )
+        ]
+    return extensions
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/frames.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/frames.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7716e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/frames.py
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import enum
+import io
+import os
+import secrets
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Callable
+
+from .exceptions import PayloadTooBig, ProtocolError
+from .typing import BytesLike
+
+
+try:
+    from .speedups import apply_mask
+except ImportError:
+    from .utils import apply_mask
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Opcode",
+    "OP_CONT",
+    "OP_TEXT",
+    "OP_BINARY",
+    "OP_CLOSE",
+    "OP_PING",
+    "OP_PONG",
+    "DATA_OPCODES",
+    "CTRL_OPCODES",
+    "CloseCode",
+    "Frame",
+    "Close",
+]
+
+
+class Opcode(enum.IntEnum):
+    """Opcode values for WebSocket frames."""
+
+    CONT, TEXT, BINARY = 0x00, 0x01, 0x02
+    CLOSE, PING, PONG = 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A
+
+
+OP_CONT = Opcode.CONT
+OP_TEXT = Opcode.TEXT
+OP_BINARY = Opcode.BINARY
+OP_CLOSE = Opcode.CLOSE
+OP_PING = Opcode.PING
+OP_PONG = Opcode.PONG
+
+DATA_OPCODES = OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, OP_BINARY
+CTRL_OPCODES = OP_CLOSE, OP_PING, OP_PONG
+
+
+class CloseCode(enum.IntEnum):
+    """Close code values for WebSocket close frames."""
+
+    NORMAL_CLOSURE = 1000
+    GOING_AWAY = 1001
+    PROTOCOL_ERROR = 1002
+    UNSUPPORTED_DATA = 1003
+    # 1004 is reserved
+    NO_STATUS_RCVD = 1005
+    ABNORMAL_CLOSURE = 1006
+    INVALID_DATA = 1007
+    POLICY_VIOLATION = 1008
+    MESSAGE_TOO_BIG = 1009
+    MANDATORY_EXTENSION = 1010
+    INTERNAL_ERROR = 1011
+    SERVICE_RESTART = 1012
+    TRY_AGAIN_LATER = 1013
+    BAD_GATEWAY = 1014
+    TLS_HANDSHAKE = 1015
+
+
+# See https://www.iana.org/assignments/websocket/websocket.xhtml
+CLOSE_CODE_EXPLANATIONS: dict[int, str] = {
+    CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE: "OK",
+    CloseCode.GOING_AWAY: "going away",
+    CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR: "protocol error",
+    CloseCode.UNSUPPORTED_DATA: "unsupported data",
+    CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD: "no status received [internal]",
+    CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE: "abnormal closure [internal]",
+    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA: "invalid frame payload data",
+    CloseCode.POLICY_VIOLATION: "policy violation",
+    CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG: "message too big",
+    CloseCode.MANDATORY_EXTENSION: "mandatory extension",
+    CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR: "internal error",
+    CloseCode.SERVICE_RESTART: "service restart",
+    CloseCode.TRY_AGAIN_LATER: "try again later",
+    CloseCode.BAD_GATEWAY: "bad gateway",
+    CloseCode.TLS_HANDSHAKE: "TLS handshake failure [internal]",
+}
+
+
+# Close code that are allowed in a close frame.
+# Using a set optimizes `code in EXTERNAL_CLOSE_CODES`.
+EXTERNAL_CLOSE_CODES = {
+    CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+    CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+    CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR,
+    CloseCode.UNSUPPORTED_DATA,
+    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+    CloseCode.POLICY_VIOLATION,
+    CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG,
+    CloseCode.MANDATORY_EXTENSION,
+    CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+    CloseCode.SERVICE_RESTART,
+    CloseCode.TRY_AGAIN_LATER,
+    CloseCode.BAD_GATEWAY,
+}
+
+
+OK_CLOSE_CODES = {
+    CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+    CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+    CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD,
+}
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Frame:
+    """
+    WebSocket frame.
+
+    Attributes:
+        opcode: Opcode.
+        data: Payload data.
+        fin: FIN bit.
+        rsv1: RSV1 bit.
+        rsv2: RSV2 bit.
+        rsv3: RSV3 bit.
+
+    Only these fields are needed. The MASK bit, payload length and masking-key
+    are handled on the fly when parsing and serializing frames.
+
+    """
+
+    opcode: Opcode
+    data: BytesLike
+    fin: bool = True
+    rsv1: bool = False
+    rsv2: bool = False
+    rsv3: bool = False
+
+    # Configure if you want to see more in logs. Should be a multiple of 3.
+    MAX_LOG_SIZE = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_LOG_SIZE", "75"))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a human-readable representation of a frame.
+
+        """
+        coding = None
+        length = f"{len(self.data)} byte{'' if len(self.data) == 1 else 's'}"
+        non_final = "" if self.fin else "continued"
+
+        if self.opcode is OP_TEXT:
+            # Decoding only the beginning and the end is needlessly hard.
+            # Decode the entire payload then elide later if necessary.
+            data = repr(bytes(self.data).decode())
+        elif self.opcode is OP_BINARY:
+            # We'll show at most the first 16 bytes and the last 8 bytes.
+            # Encode just what we need, plus two dummy bytes to elide later.
+            binary = self.data
+            if len(binary) > self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3:
+                cut = (self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3 - 1) // 3  # by default cut = 8
+                binary = b"".join([binary[: 2 * cut], b"\x00\x00", binary[-cut:]])
+            data = " ".join(f"{byte:02x}" for byte in binary)
+        elif self.opcode is OP_CLOSE:
+            data = str(Close.parse(self.data))
+        elif self.data:
+            # We don't know if a Continuation frame contains text or binary.
+            # Ping and Pong frames could contain UTF-8.
+            # Attempt to decode as UTF-8 and display it as text; fallback to
+            # binary. If self.data is a memoryview, it has no decode() method,
+            # which raises AttributeError.
+            try:
+                data = repr(bytes(self.data).decode())
+                coding = "text"
+            except (UnicodeDecodeError, AttributeError):
+                binary = self.data
+                if len(binary) > self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3:
+                    cut = (self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3 - 1) // 3  # by default cut = 8
+                    binary = b"".join([binary[: 2 * cut], b"\x00\x00", binary[-cut:]])
+                data = " ".join(f"{byte:02x}" for byte in binary)
+                coding = "binary"
+        else:
+            data = "''"
+
+        if len(data) > self.MAX_LOG_SIZE:
+            cut = self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3 - 1  # by default cut = 24
+            data = data[: 2 * cut] + "..." + data[-cut:]
+
+        metadata = ", ".join(filter(None, [coding, length, non_final]))
+
+        return f"{self.opcode.name} {data} [{metadata}]"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        read_exact: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> Generator[None, None, Frame]:
+        """
+        Parse a WebSocket frame.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        Args:
+            read_exact: Generator-based coroutine that reads the requested
+                bytes or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the read
+                happens on the server side.
+            max_size: Maximum payload size in bytes.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in reverse order.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full WebSocket frame.
+            PayloadTooBig: If the frame's payload size exceeds ``max_size``.
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+        # Read the header.
+        data = yield from read_exact(2)
+        head1, head2 = struct.unpack("!BB", data)
+
+        # While not Pythonic, this is marginally faster than calling bool().
+        fin = True if head1 & 0b10000000 else False
+        rsv1 = True if head1 & 0b01000000 else False
+        rsv2 = True if head1 & 0b00100000 else False
+        rsv3 = True if head1 & 0b00010000 else False
+
+        try:
+            opcode = Opcode(head1 & 0b00001111)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise ProtocolError("invalid opcode") from exc
+
+        if (True if head2 & 0b10000000 else False) != mask:
+            raise ProtocolError("incorrect masking")
+
+        length = head2 & 0b01111111
+        if length == 126:
+            data = yield from read_exact(2)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!H", data)
+        elif length == 127:
+            data = yield from read_exact(8)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!Q", data)
+        if max_size is not None and length > max_size:
+            raise PayloadTooBig(length, max_size)
+        if mask:
+            mask_bytes = yield from read_exact(4)
+
+        # Read the data.
+        data = yield from read_exact(length)
+        if mask:
+            data = apply_mask(data, mask_bytes)
+
+        frame = cls(opcode, data, fin, rsv1, rsv2, rsv3)
+
+        if extensions is None:
+            extensions = []
+        for extension in reversed(extensions):
+            frame = extension.decode(frame, max_size=max_size)
+
+        frame.check()
+
+        return frame
+
+    def serialize(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a WebSocket frame.
+
+        Args:
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the write
+                happens on the client side.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in order.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+        self.check()
+
+        if extensions is None:
+            extensions = []
+        for extension in extensions:
+            self = extension.encode(self)
+
+        output = io.BytesIO()
+
+        # Prepare the header.
+        head1 = (
+            (0b10000000 if self.fin else 0)
+            | (0b01000000 if self.rsv1 else 0)
+            | (0b00100000 if self.rsv2 else 0)
+            | (0b00010000 if self.rsv3 else 0)
+            | self.opcode
+        )
+
+        head2 = 0b10000000 if mask else 0
+
+        length = len(self.data)
+        if length < 126:
+            output.write(struct.pack("!BB", head1, head2 | length))
+        elif length < 65536:
+            output.write(struct.pack("!BBH", head1, head2 | 126, length))
+        else:
+            output.write(struct.pack("!BBQ", head1, head2 | 127, length))
+
+        if mask:
+            mask_bytes = secrets.token_bytes(4)
+            output.write(mask_bytes)
+
+        # Prepare the data.
+        data: BytesLike
+        if mask:
+            data = apply_mask(self.data, mask_bytes)
+        else:
+            data = self.data
+        output.write(data)
+
+        return output.getvalue()
+
+    def check(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Check that reserved bits and opcode have acceptable values.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a reserved bit or the opcode is invalid.
+
+        """
+        if self.rsv1 or self.rsv2 or self.rsv3:
+            raise ProtocolError("reserved bits must be 0")
+
+        if self.opcode in CTRL_OPCODES:
+            if len(self.data) > 125:
+                raise ProtocolError("control frame too long")
+            if not self.fin:
+                raise ProtocolError("fragmented control frame")
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Close:
+    """
+    Code and reason for WebSocket close frames.
+
+    Attributes:
+        code: Close code.
+        reason: Close reason.
+
+    """
+
+    code: CloseCode | int
+    reason: str
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a human-readable representation of a close code and reason.
+
+        """
+        if 3000 <= self.code < 4000:
+            explanation = "registered"
+        elif 4000 <= self.code < 5000:
+            explanation = "private use"
+        else:
+            explanation = CLOSE_CODE_EXPLANATIONS.get(self.code, "unknown")
+        result = f"{self.code} ({explanation})"
+
+        if self.reason:
+            result = f"{result} {self.reason}"
+
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, data: BytesLike) -> Close:
+        """
+        Parse the payload of a close frame.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the close frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If data is ill-formed.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If the reason isn't valid UTF-8.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, memoryview):
+            raise AssertionError("only compressed outgoing frames use memoryview")
+        if len(data) >= 2:
+            (code,) = struct.unpack("!H", data[:2])
+            reason = data[2:].decode()
+            close = cls(code, reason)
+            close.check()
+            return close
+        elif len(data) == 0:
+            return cls(CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD, "")
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError("close frame too short")
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize the payload of a close frame.
+
+        """
+        self.check()
+        return struct.pack("!H", self.code) + self.reason.encode()
+
+    def check(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Check that the close code has a valid value for a close frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the close code is invalid.
+
+        """
+        if not (self.code in EXTERNAL_CLOSE_CODES or 3000 <= self.code < 5000):
+            raise ProtocolError("invalid status code")
+
+
+# At the bottom to break import cycles created by type annotations.
+from . import extensions  # noqa: E402
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/headers.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e05ff5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import ipaddress
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar, cast
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidHeaderFormat, InvalidHeaderValue
+from .typing import (
+    ConnectionOption,
+    ExtensionHeader,
+    ExtensionName,
+    ExtensionParameter,
+    Subprotocol,
+    UpgradeProtocol,
+)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "build_host",
+    "parse_connection",
+    "parse_upgrade",
+    "parse_extension",
+    "build_extension",
+    "parse_subprotocol",
+    "build_subprotocol",
+    "validate_subprotocols",
+    "build_www_authenticate_basic",
+    "parse_authorization_basic",
+    "build_authorization_basic",
+]
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def build_host(
+    host: str,
+    port: int,
+    secure: bool,
+    *,
+    always_include_port: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``Host`` header.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
+    # IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in brackets.
+    try:
+        address = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+    except ValueError:
+        # host is a hostname
+        pass
+    else:
+        # host is an IP address
+        if address.version == 6:
+            host = f"[{host}]"
+
+    if always_include_port or port != (443 if secure else 80):
+        host = f"{host}:{port}"
+
+    return host
+
+
+# To avoid a dependency on a parsing library, we implement manually the ABNF
+# described in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-9.1 and
+# https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#appendix-B.
+
+
+def peek_ahead(header: str, pos: int) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Return the next character from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return :obj:`None` at the end of ``header``.
+
+    We never need to peek more than one character ahead.
+
+    """
+    return None if pos == len(header) else header[pos]
+
+
+_OWS_re = re.compile(r"[\t ]*")
+
+
+def parse_OWS(header: str, pos: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Parse optional whitespace from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the new position.
+
+    The whitespace itself isn't returned because it isn't significant.
+
+    """
+    # There's always a match, possibly empty, whose content doesn't matter.
+    match = _OWS_re.match(header, pos)
+    assert match is not None
+    return match.end()
+
+
+_token_re = re.compile(r"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+")
+
+
+def parse_token(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a token from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the token value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _token_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected token", header, pos)
+    return match.group(), match.end()
+
+
+_quoted_string_re = re.compile(
+    r'"(?:[\x09\x20-\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7e]|\\[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff])*"'
+)
+
+
+_unquote_re = re.compile(r"\\([\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff])")
+
+
+def parse_quoted_string(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a quoted string from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the unquoted value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _quoted_string_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected quoted string", header, pos)
+    return _unquote_re.sub(r"\1", match.group()[1:-1]), match.end()
+
+
+_quotable_re = re.compile(r"[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]*")
+
+
+_quote_re = re.compile(r"([\x22\x5c])")
+
+
+def build_quoted_string(value: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Format ``value`` as a quoted string.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_quoted_string`.
+
+    """
+    match = _quotable_re.fullmatch(value)
+    if match is None:
+        raise ValueError("invalid characters for quoted-string encoding")
+    return '"' + _quote_re.sub(r"\\\1", value) + '"'
+
+
+def parse_list(
+    parse_item: Callable[[str, int, str], tuple[T, int]],
+    header: str,
+    pos: int,
+    header_name: str,
+) -> list[T]:
+    """
+    Parse a comma-separated list from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    This is appropriate for parsing values with the following grammar:
+
+        1#item
+
+    ``parse_item`` parses one item.
+
+    ``header`` is assumed not to start or end with whitespace.
+
+    (This function is designed for parsing an entire header value and
+    :func:`~websockets.http.read_headers` strips whitespace from values.)
+
+    Return a list of items.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    # Per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-7, "a recipient
+    # MUST parse and ignore a reasonable number of empty list elements";
+    # hence while loops that remove extra delimiters.
+
+    # Remove extra delimiters before the first item.
+    while peek_ahead(header, pos) == ",":
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+
+    items = []
+    while True:
+        # Loop invariant: a item starts at pos in header.
+        item, pos = parse_item(header, pos, header_name)
+        items.append(item)
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+
+        # We may have reached the end of the header.
+        if pos == len(header):
+            break
+
+        # There must be a delimiter after each element except the last one.
+        if peek_ahead(header, pos) == ",":
+            pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+        else:
+            raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected comma", header, pos)
+
+        # Remove extra delimiters before the next item.
+        while peek_ahead(header, pos) == ",":
+            pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+
+        # We may have reached the end of the header.
+        if pos == len(header):
+            break
+
+    # Since we only advance in the header by one character with peek_ahead()
+    # or with the end position of a regex match, we can't overshoot the end.
+    assert pos == len(header)
+
+    return items
+
+
+def parse_connection_option(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[ConnectionOption, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a Connection option from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the protocol value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    item, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    return cast(ConnectionOption, item), pos
+
+
+def parse_connection(header: str) -> list[ConnectionOption]:
+    """
+    Parse a ``Connection`` header.
+
+    Return a list of HTTP connection options.
+
+    Args
+        header: value of the ``Connection`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_connection_option, header, 0, "Connection")
+
+
+_protocol_re = re.compile(
+    r"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+(?:/[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+)?"
+)
+
+
+def parse_upgrade_protocol(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[UpgradeProtocol, int]:
+    """
+    Parse an Upgrade protocol from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the protocol value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _protocol_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected protocol", header, pos)
+    return cast(UpgradeProtocol, match.group()), match.end()
+
+
+def parse_upgrade(header: str) -> list[UpgradeProtocol]:
+    """
+    Parse an ``Upgrade`` header.
+
+    Return a list of HTTP protocols.
+
+    Args:
+        header: Value of the ``Upgrade`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_upgrade_protocol, header, 0, "Upgrade")
+
+
+def parse_extension_item_param(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[ExtensionParameter, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a single extension parameter from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return a ``(name, value)`` pair and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    # Extract parameter name.
+    name, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+    # Extract parameter value, if there is one.
+    value: str | None = None
+    if peek_ahead(header, pos) == "=":
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+        if peek_ahead(header, pos) == '"':
+            pos_before = pos  # for proper error reporting below
+            value, pos = parse_quoted_string(header, pos, header_name)
+            # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-9.1 says:
+            # the value after quoted-string unescaping MUST conform to
+            # the 'token' ABNF.
+            if _token_re.fullmatch(value) is None:
+                raise InvalidHeaderFormat(
+                    header_name, "invalid quoted header content", header, pos_before
+                )
+        else:
+            value, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+
+    return (name, value), pos
+
+
+def parse_extension_item(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[ExtensionHeader, int]:
+    """
+    Parse an extension definition from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return an ``(extension name, parameters)`` pair, where ``parameters`` is a
+    list of ``(name, value)`` pairs, and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    # Extract extension name.
+    name, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+    # Extract all parameters.
+    parameters = []
+    while peek_ahead(header, pos) == ";":
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+        parameter, pos = parse_extension_item_param(header, pos, header_name)
+        parameters.append(parameter)
+    return (cast(ExtensionName, name), parameters), pos
+
+
+def parse_extension(header: str) -> list[ExtensionHeader]:
+    """
+    Parse a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header.
+
+    Return a list of WebSocket extensions and their parameters in this format::
+
+        [
+            (
+                'extension name',
+                [
+                    ('parameter name', 'parameter value'),
+                    ....
+                ]
+            ),
+            ...
+        ]
+
+    Parameter values are :obj:`None` when no value is provided.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_extension_item, header, 0, "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+
+parse_extension_list = parse_extension  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def build_extension_item(
+    name: ExtensionName, parameters: Sequence[ExtensionParameter]
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Build an extension definition.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_extension_item`.
+
+    """
+    return "; ".join(
+        [cast(str, name)]
+        + [
+            # Quoted strings aren't necessary because values are always tokens.
+            name if value is None else f"{name}={value}"
+            for name, value in parameters
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def build_extension(extensions: Sequence[ExtensionHeader]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_extension`.
+
+    """
+    return ", ".join(
+        build_extension_item(name, parameters) for name, parameters in extensions
+    )
+
+
+build_extension_list = build_extension  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def parse_subprotocol_item(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[Subprotocol, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a subprotocol from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the subprotocol value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    item, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    return cast(Subprotocol, item), pos
+
+
+def parse_subprotocol(header: str) -> list[Subprotocol]:
+    """
+    Parse a ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` header.
+
+    Return a list of WebSocket subprotocols.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_subprotocol_item, header, 0, "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+
+parse_subprotocol_list = parse_subprotocol  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def build_subprotocol(subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` header.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_subprotocol`.
+
+    """
+    return ", ".join(subprotocols)
+
+
+build_subprotocol_list = build_subprotocol  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def validate_subprotocols(subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol]) -> None:
+    """
+    Validate that ``subprotocols`` is suitable for :func:`build_subprotocol`.
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(subprotocols, Sequence):
+        raise TypeError("subprotocols must be a list")
+    if isinstance(subprotocols, str):
+        raise TypeError("subprotocols must be a list, not a str")
+    for subprotocol in subprotocols:
+        if not _token_re.fullmatch(subprotocol):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid subprotocol: {subprotocol}")
+
+
+def build_www_authenticate_basic(realm: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``WWW-Authenticate`` header for HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Identifier of the protection space.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617#section-2
+    realm = build_quoted_string(realm)
+    charset = build_quoted_string("UTF-8")
+    return f"Basic realm={realm}, charset={charset}"
+
+
+_token68_re = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9-._~+/]+=*")
+
+
+def parse_token68(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a token68 from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the token value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _token68_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected token68", header, pos)
+    return match.group(), match.end()
+
+
+def parse_end(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check that parsing reached the end of header.
+
+    """
+    if pos < len(header):
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "trailing data", header, pos)
+
+
+def parse_authorization_basic(header: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """
+    Parse an ``Authorization`` header for HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    Return a ``(username, password)`` tuple.
+
+    Args:
+        header: Value of the ``Authorization`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+        InvalidHeaderValue: On unsupported inputs.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7235#section-2.1
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617#section-2
+    scheme, pos = parse_token(header, 0, "Authorization")
+    if scheme.lower() != "basic":
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+            "Authorization",
+            f"unsupported scheme: {scheme}",
+        )
+    if peek_ahead(header, pos) != " ":
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(
+            "Authorization", "expected space after scheme", header, pos
+        )
+    pos += 1
+    basic_credentials, pos = parse_token68(header, pos, "Authorization")
+    parse_end(header, pos, "Authorization")
+
+    try:
+        user_pass = base64.b64decode(basic_credentials.encode()).decode()
+    except binascii.Error:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+            "Authorization",
+            "expected base64-encoded credentials",
+        ) from None
+    try:
+        username, password = user_pass.split(":", 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+            "Authorization",
+            "expected username:password credentials",
+        ) from None
+
+    return username, password
+
+
+def build_authorization_basic(username: str, password: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Build an ``Authorization`` header for HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_authorization_basic`.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617#section-2
+    assert ":" not in username
+    user_pass = f"{username}:{password}"
+    basic_credentials = base64.b64encode(user_pass.encode()).decode()
+    return "Basic " + basic_credentials
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d860e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError  # noqa: F401
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    # Suppress redundant DeprecationWarning raised by websockets.legacy.
+    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+    from .legacy.http import read_request, read_response  # noqa: F401
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 9.0 - 2021-09-01
+    "Headers and MultipleValuesError were moved "
+    "from websockets.http to websockets.datastructures"
+    "and read_request and read_response were moved "
+    "from websockets.http to websockets.legacy.http",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http11.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5af73eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Callable
+
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .exceptions import SecurityError
+from .version import version as websockets_version
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SERVER",
+    "USER_AGENT",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+]
+
+
+PYTHON_VERSION = "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)
+
+# User-Agent header for HTTP requests.
+USER_AGENT = os.environ.get(
+    "WEBSOCKETS_USER_AGENT",
+    f"Python/{PYTHON_VERSION} websockets/{websockets_version}",
+)
+
+# Server header for HTTP responses.
+SERVER = os.environ.get(
+    "WEBSOCKETS_SERVER",
+    f"Python/{PYTHON_VERSION} websockets/{websockets_version}",
+)
+
+# Maximum total size of headers is around 128 * 8 KiB = 1 MiB.
+MAX_NUM_HEADERS = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_NUM_HEADERS", "128"))
+
+# Limit request line and header lines. 8KiB is the most common default
+# configuration of popular HTTP servers.
+MAX_LINE_LENGTH = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_LINE_LENGTH", "8192"))
+
+# Support for HTTP response bodies is intended to read an error message
+# returned by a server. It isn't designed to perform large file transfers.
+MAX_BODY_SIZE = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_BODY_SIZE", "1_048_576"))  # 1 MiB
+
+
+def d(value: bytes | bytearray) -> str:
+    """
+    Decode a bytestring for interpolating into an error message.
+
+    """
+    return value.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+
+
+# See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#appendix-B.
+
+# Regex for validating header names.
+
+_token_re = re.compile(rb"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+")
+
+# Regex for validating header values.
+
+# We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+# Include HTAB (\x09), SP (\x20), VCHAR (\x21-\x7e), obs-text (\x80-\xff).
+
+# The ABNF is complicated because it attempts to express that optional
+# whitespace is ignored. We strip whitespace and don't revalidate that.
+
+# See also https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+
+_value_re = re.compile(rb"[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]*")
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Request:
+    """
+    WebSocket handshake request.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path: Request path, including optional query.
+        headers: Request headers.
+    """
+
+    path: str
+    headers: Headers
+    # body isn't useful is the context of this library.
+
+    _exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> Exception | None:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 10.3 - 2022-04-17
+            "Request.exception is deprecated; use ServerProtocol.handshake_exc instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return self._exception
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+    ) -> Generator[None, None, Request]:
+        """
+        Parse a WebSocket handshake request.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        The request path isn't URL-decoded or validated in any way.
+
+        The request path and headers are expected to contain only ASCII
+        characters. Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+        :meth:`parse` doesn't attempt to read the request body because
+        WebSocket handshake requests don't have one. If the request contains a
+        body, it may be read from the data stream after :meth:`parse` returns.
+
+        Args:
+            read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated
+                line or raises an exception if there isn't enough data
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP request.
+            SecurityError: If the request exceeds a security limit.
+            ValueError: If the request isn't well formatted.
+
+        """
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.1
+
+        # Parsing is simple because fixed values are expected for method and
+        # version and because path isn't checked. Since WebSocket software tends
+        # to implement HTTP/1.1 strictly, there's little need for lenient parsing.
+
+        try:
+            request_line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP request line") from exc
+
+        try:
+            method, raw_path, protocol = request_line.split(b" ", 2)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP request line: {d(request_line)}") from None
+        if protocol != b"HTTP/1.1":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"unsupported protocol; expected HTTP/1.1: {d(request_line)}"
+            )
+        if method != b"GET":
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP method; expected GET; got {d(method)}")
+        path = raw_path.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
+        headers = yield from parse_headers(read_line)
+
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+
+        if "Transfer-Encoding" in headers:
+            raise NotImplementedError("transfer codings aren't supported")
+
+        if "Content-Length" in headers:
+            # Some devices send a Content-Length header with a value of 0.
+            # This raises ValueError if Content-Length isn't an integer too.
+            if int(headers["Content-Length"]) != 0:
+                raise ValueError("unsupported request body")
+
+        return cls(path, headers)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a WebSocket handshake request.
+
+        """
+        # Since the request line and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        request = f"GET {self.path} HTTP/1.1\r\n".encode()
+        request += self.headers.serialize()
+        return request
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Response:
+    """
+    WebSocket handshake response.
+
+    Attributes:
+        status_code: Response code.
+        reason_phrase: Response reason.
+        headers: Response headers.
+        body: Response body.
+
+    """
+
+    status_code: int
+    reason_phrase: str
+    headers: Headers
+    body: bytes | bytearray = b""
+
+    _exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> Exception | None:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 10.3 - 2022-04-17
+            "Response.exception is deprecated; "
+            "use ClientProtocol.handshake_exc instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return self._exception
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        read_exact: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        read_to_eof: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        proxy: bool = False,
+    ) -> Generator[None, None, Response]:
+        """
+        Parse a WebSocket handshake response.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        The reason phrase and headers are expected to contain only ASCII
+        characters. Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+        Args:
+            read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated
+                line or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+            read_exact: Generator-based coroutine that reads the requested
+                bytes or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+            read_to_eof: Generator-based coroutine that reads until the end
+                of the stream.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP response.
+            SecurityError: If the response exceeds a security limit.
+            LookupError: If the response isn't well formatted.
+            ValueError: If the response isn't well formatted.
+
+        """
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.2
+
+        try:
+            status_line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP status line") from exc
+
+        try:
+            protocol, raw_status_code, raw_reason = status_line.split(b" ", 2)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP status line: {d(status_line)}") from None
+        if proxy:  # some proxies still use HTTP/1.0
+            if protocol not in [b"HTTP/1.1", b"HTTP/1.0"]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"unsupported protocol; expected HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/1.0: "
+                    f"{d(status_line)}"
+                )
+        else:
+            if protocol != b"HTTP/1.1":
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"unsupported protocol; expected HTTP/1.1: {d(status_line)}"
+                )
+        try:
+            status_code = int(raw_status_code)
+        except ValueError:  # invalid literal for int() with base 10
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid status code; expected integer; got {d(raw_status_code)}"
+            ) from None
+        if not 100 <= status_code < 600:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid status code; expected 100–599; got {d(raw_status_code)}"
+            )
+        if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_reason):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP reason phrase: {d(raw_reason)}")
+        reason = raw_reason.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
+        headers = yield from parse_headers(read_line)
+
+        body: bytes | bytearray
+        if proxy:
+            body = b""
+        else:
+            body = yield from read_body(
+                status_code, headers, read_line, read_exact, read_to_eof
+            )
+
+        return cls(status_code, reason, headers, body)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a WebSocket handshake response.
+
+        """
+        # Since the status line and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        response = f"HTTP/1.1 {self.status_code} {self.reason_phrase}\r\n".encode()
+        response += self.headers.serialize()
+        response += self.body
+        return response
+
+
+def parse_line(
+    read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+) -> Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]:
+    """
+    Parse a single line.
+
+    CRLF is stripped from the return value.
+
+    Args:
+        read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated line
+            or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without a CRLF.
+        SecurityError: If the response exceeds a security limit.
+
+    """
+    try:
+        line = yield from read_line(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)
+    except RuntimeError:
+        raise SecurityError("line too long")
+    # Not mandatory but safe - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.5
+    if not line.endswith(b"\r\n"):
+        raise EOFError("line without CRLF")
+    return line[:-2]
+
+
+def parse_headers(
+    read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+) -> Generator[None, None, Headers]:
+    """
+    Parse HTTP headers.
+
+    Non-ASCII characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    Args:
+        read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated line
+            or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without complete headers.
+        SecurityError: If the request exceeds a security limit.
+        ValueError: If the request isn't well formatted.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
+
+    # We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+    headers = Headers()
+    for _ in range(MAX_NUM_HEADERS + 1):
+        try:
+            line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP headers") from exc
+        if line == b"":
+            break
+
+        try:
+            raw_name, raw_value = line.split(b":", 1)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header line: {d(line)}") from None
+        if not _token_re.fullmatch(raw_name):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header name: {d(raw_name)}")
+        raw_value = raw_value.strip(b" \t")
+        if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_value):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header value: {d(raw_value)}")
+
+        name = raw_name.decode("ascii")  # guaranteed to be ASCII at this point
+        value = raw_value.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+        headers[name] = value
+
+    else:
+        raise SecurityError("too many HTTP headers")
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def read_body(
+    status_code: int,
+    headers: Headers,
+    read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+    read_exact: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+    read_to_eof: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+) -> Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]:
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+
+    # Since websockets only does GET requests (no HEAD, no CONNECT), all
+    # responses except 1xx, 204, and 304 include a message body.
+    if 100 <= status_code < 200 or status_code == 204 or status_code == 304:
+        return b""
+
+    # MultipleValuesError is sufficiently unlikely that we don't attempt to
+    # handle it when accessing headers. Instead we document that its parent
+    # class, LookupError, may be raised.
+    # Conversions from str to int are protected by sys.set_int_max_str_digits..
+
+    elif (coding := headers.get("Transfer-Encoding")) is not None:
+        if coding != "chunked":
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"transfer coding {coding} isn't supported")
+
+        body = b""
+        while True:
+            chunk_size_line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+            raw_chunk_size = chunk_size_line.split(b";", 1)[0]
+            # Set a lower limit than default_max_str_digits; 1 EB is plenty.
+            if len(raw_chunk_size) > 15:
+                str_chunk_size = raw_chunk_size.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+                raise SecurityError(f"chunk too large: 0x{str_chunk_size} bytes")
+            chunk_size = int(raw_chunk_size, 16)
+            if chunk_size == 0:
+                break
+            if len(body) + chunk_size > MAX_BODY_SIZE:
+                raise SecurityError(
+                    f"chunk too large: {chunk_size} bytes after {len(body)} bytes"
+                )
+            body += yield from read_exact(chunk_size)
+            if (yield from read_exact(2)) != b"\r\n":
+                raise ValueError("chunk without CRLF")
+        # Read the trailer.
+        yield from parse_headers(read_line)
+        return body
+
+    elif (raw_content_length := headers.get("Content-Length")) is not None:
+        # Set a lower limit than default_max_str_digits; 1 EiB is plenty.
+        if len(raw_content_length) > 18:
+            raise SecurityError(f"body too large: {raw_content_length} bytes")
+        content_length = int(raw_content_length)
+        if content_length > MAX_BODY_SIZE:
+            raise SecurityError(f"body too large: {content_length} bytes")
+        return (yield from read_exact(content_length))
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            return (yield from read_to_eof(MAX_BODY_SIZE))
+        except RuntimeError:
+            raise SecurityError(f"body too large: over {MAX_BODY_SIZE} bytes")
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/imports.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c63fb21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any
+
+
+__all__ = ["lazy_import"]
+
+
+def import_name(name: str, source: str, namespace: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    """
+    Import ``name`` from ``source`` in ``namespace``.
+
+    There are two use cases:
+
+    - ``name`` is an object defined in ``source``;
+    - ``name`` is a submodule of ``source``.
+
+    Neither :func:`__import__` nor :func:`~importlib.import_module` does
+    exactly this. :func:`__import__` is closer to the intended behavior.
+
+    """
+    level = 0
+    while source[level] == ".":
+        level += 1
+        assert level < len(source), "importing from parent isn't supported"
+    module = __import__(source[level:], namespace, None, [name], level)
+    return getattr(module, name)
+
+
+def lazy_import(
+    namespace: dict[str, Any],
+    aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    deprecated_aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Provide lazy, module-level imports.
+
+    Typical use::
+
+        __getattr__, __dir__ = lazy_import(
+            globals(),
+            aliases={
+                "<name>": "<source module>",
+                ...
+            },
+            deprecated_aliases={
+                ...,
+            }
+        )
+
+    This function defines ``__getattr__`` and ``__dir__`` per :pep:`562`.
+
+    """
+    if aliases is None:
+        aliases = {}
+    if deprecated_aliases is None:
+        deprecated_aliases = {}
+
+    namespace_set = set(namespace)
+    aliases_set = set(aliases)
+    deprecated_aliases_set = set(deprecated_aliases)
+
+    assert not namespace_set & aliases_set, "namespace conflict"
+    assert not namespace_set & deprecated_aliases_set, "namespace conflict"
+    assert not aliases_set & deprecated_aliases_set, "namespace conflict"
+
+    package = namespace["__name__"]
+
+    def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+        assert aliases is not None  # mypy cannot figure this out
+        try:
+            source = aliases[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return import_name(name, source, namespace)
+
+        assert deprecated_aliases is not None  # mypy cannot figure this out
+        try:
+            source = deprecated_aliases[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"{package}.{name} is deprecated",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return import_name(name, source, namespace)
+
+        raise AttributeError(f"module {package!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
+
+    namespace["__getattr__"] = __getattr__
+
+    def __dir__() -> Iterable[str]:
+        return sorted(namespace_set | aliases_set | deprecated_aliases_set)
+
+    namespace["__dir__"] = __dir__
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad9aa25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+    "websockets.legacy is deprecated; "
+    "see https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/howto/upgrade.html "
+    "for upgrade instructions",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/auth.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a262fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import hmac
+import http
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from ..headers import build_www_authenticate_basic, parse_authorization_basic
+from .server import HTTPResponse, WebSocketServerProtocol
+
+
+__all__ = ["BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol", "basic_auth_protocol_factory"]
+
+Credentials = tuple[str, str]
+
+
+def is_credentials(value: Any) -> bool:
+    try:
+        username, password = value
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return isinstance(username, str) and isinstance(password, str)
+
+
+class BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol(WebSocketServerProtocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket server protocol that enforces HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    """
+
+    realm: str = ""
+    """
+    Scope of protection.
+
+    If provided, it should contain only ASCII characters because the
+    encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined.
+    """
+
+    username: str | None = None
+    """Username of the authenticated user."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        realm: str | None = None,
+        check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], Awaitable[bool]] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if realm is not None:
+            self.realm = realm  # shadow class attribute
+        self._check_credentials = check_credentials
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def check_credentials(self, username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check whether credentials are authorized.
+
+        This coroutine may be overridden in a subclass, for example to
+        authenticate against a database or an external service.
+
+        Args:
+            username: HTTP Basic Auth username.
+            password: HTTP Basic Auth password.
+
+        Returns:
+            :obj:`True` if the handshake should continue;
+            :obj:`False` if it should fail with an HTTP 401 error.
+
+        """
+        if self._check_credentials is not None:
+            return await self._check_credentials(username, password)
+
+        return False
+
+    async def process_request(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        request_headers: Headers,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Check HTTP Basic Auth and return an HTTP 401 response if needed.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            authorization = request_headers["Authorization"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return (
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                [("WWW-Authenticate", build_www_authenticate_basic(self.realm))],
+                b"Missing credentials\n",
+            )
+
+        try:
+            username, password = parse_authorization_basic(authorization)
+        except InvalidHeader:
+            return (
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                [("WWW-Authenticate", build_www_authenticate_basic(self.realm))],
+                b"Unsupported credentials\n",
+            )
+
+        if not await self.check_credentials(username, password):
+            return (
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                [("WWW-Authenticate", build_www_authenticate_basic(self.realm))],
+                b"Invalid credentials\n",
+            )
+
+        self.username = username
+
+        return await super().process_request(path, request_headers)
+
+
+def basic_auth_protocol_factory(
+    realm: str | None = None,
+    credentials: Credentials | Iterable[Credentials] | None = None,
+    check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], Awaitable[bool]] | None = None,
+    create_protocol: Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol]:
+    """
+    Protocol factory that enforces HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    :func:`basic_auth_protocol_factory` is designed to integrate with
+    :func:`~websockets.legacy.server.serve` like this::
+
+        serve(
+            ...,
+            create_protocol=basic_auth_protocol_factory(
+                realm="my dev server",
+                credentials=("hello", "iloveyou"),
+            )
+        )
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Scope of protection. It should contain only ASCII characters
+            because the encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined.
+            Refer to section 2.2 of :rfc:`7235` for details.
+        credentials: Hard coded authorized credentials. It can be a
+            ``(username, password)`` pair or a list of such pairs.
+        check_credentials: Coroutine that verifies credentials.
+            It receives ``username`` and ``password`` arguments
+            and returns a :class:`bool`. One of ``credentials`` or
+            ``check_credentials`` must be provided but not both.
+        create_protocol: Factory that creates the protocol. By default, this
+            is :class:`BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol`. It can be replaced
+            by a subclass.
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If the ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` argument is
+            wrong.
+
+    """
+    if (credentials is None) == (check_credentials is None):
+        raise TypeError("provide either credentials or check_credentials")
+
+    if credentials is not None:
+        if is_credentials(credentials):
+            credentials_list = [cast(Credentials, credentials)]
+        elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[Credentials], credentials))
+            if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
+                raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+
+        credentials_dict = dict(credentials_list)
+
+        async def check_credentials(username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+            try:
+                expected_password = credentials_dict[username]
+            except KeyError:
+                return False
+            return hmac.compare_digest(expected_password, password)
+
+    if create_protocol is None:
+        create_protocol = BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol
+
+    # Help mypy and avoid this error: "type[BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol] |
+    # Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol]" not callable  [misc]
+    create_protocol = cast(
+        Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol], create_protocol
+    )
+    return functools.partial(
+        create_protocol,
+        realm=realm,
+        check_credentials=check_credentials,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..575c845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import traceback
+import urllib.parse
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Generator, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from ..datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidHeaderValue,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    NegotiationError,
+    SecurityError,
+)
+from ..extensions import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_client_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import (
+    build_authorization_basic,
+    build_extension,
+    build_host,
+    build_subprotocol,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import USER_AGENT
+from ..typing import ExtensionHeader, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+from ..uri import WebSocketURI, parse_uri
+from .exceptions import InvalidStatusCode, RedirectHandshake
+from .handshake import build_request, check_response
+from .http import read_response
+from .protocol import WebSocketCommonProtocol
+
+
+__all__ = ["connect", "unix_connect", "WebSocketClientProtocol"]
+
+
+class WebSocketClientProtocol(WebSocketCommonProtocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket client connection.
+
+    :class:`WebSocketClientProtocol` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send`
+    coroutines for receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with close code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises
+    a :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection
+    is closed with any other code.
+
+    See :func:`connect` for the documentation of ``logger``, ``origin``,
+    ``extensions``, ``subprotocols``, ``extra_headers``, and
+    ``user_agent_header``.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    """
+
+    is_client = True
+    side = "client"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.client")
+        super().__init__(logger=logger, **kwargs)
+        self.origin = origin
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        self.extra_headers = extra_headers
+        self.user_agent_header = user_agent_header
+
+    def write_http_request(self, path: str, headers: Headers) -> None:
+        """
+        Write request line and headers to the HTTP request.
+
+        """
+        self.path = path
+        self.request_headers = headers
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> GET %s HTTP/1.1", path)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        # Since the path and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        request = f"GET {path} HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+        request += str(headers)
+
+        self.transport.write(request.encode())
+
+    async def read_http_response(self) -> tuple[int, Headers]:
+        """
+        Read status line and headers from the HTTP response.
+
+        If the response contains a body, it may be read from ``self.reader``
+        after this coroutine returns.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidMessage: If the HTTP message is malformed or isn't an
+                HTTP/1.1 GET response.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            status_code, reason, headers = await read_response(self.reader)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise InvalidMessage("did not receive a valid HTTP response") from exc
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< HTTP/1.1 %d %s", status_code, reason)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        self.response_headers = headers
+
+        return status_code, self.response_headers
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_extensions(
+        headers: Headers,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None,
+    ) -> list[Extension]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header.
+
+        Check that each extension is supported, as well as its parameters.
+
+        Return the list of accepted extensions.
+
+        Raise :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.InvalidHandshake` to abort the
+        connection.
+
+        :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each
+        :extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension accepted by
+        the server, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        client configuration. If no match is found, an exception is raised.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are accepted by the server,
+        it may be configured several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        """
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if header_values:
+            if available_extensions is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no extensions supported")
+
+            parsed_header_values: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            for name, response_params in parsed_header_values:
+                for extension_factory in available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if extension_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        extension = extension_factory.process_response_params(
+                            response_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the server sent. Fail the connection.
+                else:
+                    raise NegotiationError(
+                        f"Unsupported extension: "
+                        f"name = {name}, params = {response_params}"
+                    )
+
+        return accepted_extensions
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_subprotocol(
+        headers: Headers, available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header.
+
+        Check that it contains exactly one supported subprotocol.
+
+        Return the selected subprotocol.
+
+        """
+        subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+        if header_values:
+            if available_subprotocols is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no subprotocols supported")
+
+            parsed_header_values: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum(
+                [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            if len(parsed_header_values) > 1:
+                raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+                    "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol",
+                    f"multiple values: {', '.join(parsed_header_values)}",
+                )
+
+            subprotocol = parsed_header_values[0]
+
+            if subprotocol not in available_subprotocols:
+                raise NegotiationError(f"unsupported subprotocol: {subprotocol}")
+
+        return subprotocol
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        wsuri: WebSocketURI,
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the client side of the opening handshake.
+
+        Args:
+            wsuri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+            origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header.
+            extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+                should be negotiated and run.
+            subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+                preference.
+            extra_headers: Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the handshake request.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake fails.
+
+        """
+        request_headers = Headers()
+
+        request_headers["Host"] = build_host(wsuri.host, wsuri.port, wsuri.secure)
+
+        if wsuri.user_info:
+            request_headers["Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(
+                *wsuri.user_info
+            )
+
+        if origin is not None:
+            request_headers["Origin"] = origin
+
+        key = build_request(request_headers)
+
+        if available_extensions is not None:
+            extensions_header = build_extension(
+                [
+                    (extension_factory.name, extension_factory.get_request_params())
+                    for extension_factory in available_extensions
+                ]
+            )
+            request_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = extensions_header
+
+        if available_subprotocols is not None:
+            protocol_header = build_subprotocol(available_subprotocols)
+            request_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocol_header
+
+        if self.extra_headers is not None:
+            request_headers.update(self.extra_headers)
+
+        if self.user_agent_header:
+            request_headers.setdefault("User-Agent", self.user_agent_header)
+
+        self.write_http_request(wsuri.resource_name, request_headers)
+
+        status_code, response_headers = await self.read_http_response()
+        if status_code in (301, 302, 303, 307, 308):
+            if "Location" not in response_headers:
+                raise InvalidHeader("Location")
+            raise RedirectHandshake(response_headers["Location"])
+        elif status_code != 101:
+            raise InvalidStatusCode(status_code, response_headers)
+
+        check_response(response_headers, key)
+
+        self.extensions = self.process_extensions(
+            response_headers, available_extensions
+        )
+
+        self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(
+            response_headers, available_subprotocols
+        )
+
+        self.connection_open()
+
+
+class Connect:
+    """
+    Connect to the WebSocket server at ``uri``.
+
+    Awaiting :func:`connect` yields a :class:`WebSocketClientProtocol` which
+    can then be used to send and receive messages.
+
+    :func:`connect` can be used as a asynchronous context manager::
+
+        async with connect(...) as websocket:
+            ...
+
+    The connection is closed automatically when exiting the context.
+
+    :func:`connect` can be used as an infinite asynchronous iterator to
+    reconnect automatically on errors::
+
+        async for websocket in connect(...):
+            try:
+                ...
+            except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed:
+                continue
+
+    The connection is closed automatically after each iteration of the loop.
+
+    If an error occurs while establishing the connection, :func:`connect`
+    retries with exponential backoff. The backoff delay starts at three
+    seconds and increases up to one minute.
+
+    If an error occurs in the body of the loop, you can handle the exception
+    and :func:`connect` will reconnect with the next iteration; or you can
+    let the exception bubble up and break out of the loop. This lets you
+    decide which errors trigger a reconnection and which errors are fatal.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+        create_protocol: Factory for the :class:`asyncio.Protocol` managing
+            the connection. It defaults to :class:`WebSocketClientProtocol`.
+            Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize connection handling.
+        logger: Logger for this client.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header, for servers that require it.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        extra_headers: Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the handshake request.
+        user_agent_header: Value of  the ``User-Agent`` request header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_connection` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enforce TLS
+      settings. When connecting to a ``wss://`` URI, if ``ssl`` isn't
+      provided, a TLS context is created
+      with :func:`~ssl.create_default_context`.
+
+    * You can set ``host`` and ``port`` to connect to a different host and
+      port from those found in ``uri``. This only changes the destination of
+      the TCP connection. The host name from ``uri`` is still used in the TLS
+      handshake for secure connections and in the ``Host`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+        OSError: If the TCP connection fails.
+        InvalidHandshake: If the opening handshake fails.
+        ~asyncio.TimeoutError: If the opening handshake times out.
+
+    """
+
+    MAX_REDIRECTS_ALLOWED = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_REDIRECTS", "10"))
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        *,
+        create_protocol: Callable[..., WebSocketClientProtocol] | None = None,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = None,
+        max_size: int | None = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None = 2**5,
+        read_limit: int = 2**16,
+        write_limit: int = 2**16,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Backwards compatibility: close_timeout used to be called timeout.
+        timeout: float | None = kwargs.pop("timeout", None)
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = 10
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename timeout to close_timeout", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, timeout is ignored.
+        if close_timeout is None:
+            close_timeout = timeout
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: create_protocol used to be called klass.
+        klass: type[WebSocketClientProtocol] | None = kwargs.pop("klass", None)
+        if klass is None:
+            klass = WebSocketClientProtocol
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename klass to create_protocol", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, klass is ignored.
+        if create_protocol is None:
+            create_protocol = klass
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: recv() used to return None on closed connections
+        legacy_recv: bool = kwargs.pop("legacy_recv", False)
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: the loop parameter used to be supported.
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = kwargs.pop("loop", None)
+        if _loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        else:
+            loop = _loop
+            warnings.warn("remove loop argument", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        wsuri = parse_uri(uri)
+        if wsuri.secure:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ssl", True)
+        elif kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "connect() received a ssl argument for a ws:// URI, "
+                "use a wss:// URI to enable TLS"
+            )
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_client_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        # Help mypy and avoid this error: "type[WebSocketClientProtocol] |
+        # Callable[..., WebSocketClientProtocol]" not callable  [misc]
+        create_protocol = cast(Callable[..., WebSocketClientProtocol], create_protocol)
+        factory = functools.partial(
+            create_protocol,
+            logger=logger,
+            origin=origin,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            subprotocols=subprotocols,
+            extra_headers=extra_headers,
+            user_agent_header=user_agent_header,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            read_limit=read_limit,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+            host=wsuri.host,
+            port=wsuri.port,
+            secure=wsuri.secure,
+            legacy_recv=legacy_recv,
+            loop=_loop,
+        )
+
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+            create_connection = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_unix_connection, factory, path, **kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            host: str | None
+            port: int | None
+            if kwargs.get("sock") is None:
+                host, port = wsuri.host, wsuri.port
+            else:
+                # If sock is given, host and port shouldn't be specified.
+                host, port = None, None
+                if kwargs.get("ssl"):
+                    kwargs.setdefault("server_hostname", wsuri.host)
+            # If host and port are given, override values from the URI.
+            host = kwargs.pop("host", host)
+            port = kwargs.pop("port", port)
+            create_connection = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_connection, factory, host, port, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.client")
+        self.logger = logger
+
+        # This is a coroutine function.
+        self._create_connection = create_connection
+        self._uri = uri
+        self._wsuri = wsuri
+
+    def handle_redirect(self, uri: str) -> None:
+        # Update the state of this instance to connect to a new URI.
+        old_uri = self._uri
+        old_wsuri = self._wsuri
+        new_uri = urllib.parse.urljoin(old_uri, uri)
+        new_wsuri = parse_uri(new_uri)
+
+        # Forbid TLS downgrade.
+        if old_wsuri.secure and not new_wsuri.secure:
+            raise SecurityError("redirect from WSS to WS")
+
+        same_origin = (
+            old_wsuri.secure == new_wsuri.secure
+            and old_wsuri.host == new_wsuri.host
+            and old_wsuri.port == new_wsuri.port
+        )
+
+        # Rewrite secure, host, and port for cross-origin redirects.
+        # This preserves connection overrides with the host and port
+        # arguments if the redirect points to the same host and port.
+        if not same_origin:
+            factory = self._create_connection.args[0]
+            # Support TLS upgrade.
+            if not old_wsuri.secure and new_wsuri.secure:
+                factory.keywords["secure"] = True
+                self._create_connection.keywords.setdefault("ssl", True)
+            # Replace secure, host, and port arguments of the protocol factory.
+            factory = functools.partial(
+                factory.func,
+                *factory.args,
+                **dict(factory.keywords, host=new_wsuri.host, port=new_wsuri.port),
+            )
+            # Replace secure, host, and port arguments of create_connection.
+            self._create_connection = functools.partial(
+                self._create_connection.func,
+                *(factory, new_wsuri.host, new_wsuri.port),
+                **self._create_connection.keywords,
+            )
+
+        # Set the new WebSocket URI. This suffices for same-origin redirects.
+        self._uri = new_uri
+        self._wsuri = new_wsuri
+
+    # async for ... in connect(...):
+
+    BACKOFF_INITIAL = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY", "5"))
+    BACKOFF_MIN = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY", "3.1"))
+    BACKOFF_MAX = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY", "90.0"))
+    BACKOFF_FACTOR = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_FACTOR", "1.618"))
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[WebSocketClientProtocol]:
+        backoff_delay = self.BACKOFF_MIN / self.BACKOFF_FACTOR
+        while True:
+            try:
+                async with self as protocol:
+                    yield protocol
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Add a random initial delay between 0 and 5 seconds.
+                # See 7.2.3. Recovering from Abnormal Closure in RFC 6455.
+                if backoff_delay == self.BACKOFF_MIN:
+                    initial_delay = random.random() * self.BACKOFF_INITIAL
+                    self.logger.info(
+                        "connect failed; reconnecting in %.1f seconds: %s",
+                        initial_delay,
+                        traceback.format_exception_only(exc)[0].strip(),
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(initial_delay)
+                else:
+                    self.logger.info(
+                        "connect failed again; retrying in %d seconds: %s",
+                        int(backoff_delay),
+                        traceback.format_exception_only(exc)[0].strip(),
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(int(backoff_delay))
+                # Increase delay with truncated exponential backoff.
+                backoff_delay = backoff_delay * self.BACKOFF_FACTOR
+                backoff_delay = min(backoff_delay, self.BACKOFF_MAX)
+                continue
+            else:
+                # Connection succeeded - reset backoff delay
+                backoff_delay = self.BACKOFF_MIN
+
+    # async with connect(...) as ...:
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> WebSocketClientProtocol:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.protocol.close()
+
+    # ... = await connect(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, WebSocketClientProtocol]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> WebSocketClientProtocol:
+        async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+            for _redirects in range(self.MAX_REDIRECTS_ALLOWED):
+                _transport, protocol = await self._create_connection()
+                try:
+                    await protocol.handshake(
+                        self._wsuri,
+                        origin=protocol.origin,
+                        available_extensions=protocol.available_extensions,
+                        available_subprotocols=protocol.available_subprotocols,
+                        extra_headers=protocol.extra_headers,
+                    )
+                except RedirectHandshake as exc:
+                    protocol.fail_connection()
+                    await protocol.wait_closed()
+                    self.handle_redirect(exc.uri)
+                # Avoid leaking a connected socket when the handshake fails.
+                except (Exception, asyncio.CancelledError):
+                    protocol.fail_connection()
+                    await protocol.wait_closed()
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    self.protocol = protocol
+                    return protocol
+            else:
+                raise SecurityError("too many redirects")
+
+    # ... = yield from connect(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+
+connect = Connect
+
+
+def unix_connect(
+    path: str | None = None,
+    uri: str = "ws://localhost/",
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Connect:
+    """
+    Similar to :func:`connect`, but for connecting to a Unix socket.
+
+    This function builds upon the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection` method.
+
+    It is only available on Unix.
+
+    It's mainly useful for debugging servers listening on Unix sockets.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server; the host is used in the TLS
+            handshake for secure connections and in the ``Host`` header.
+
+    """
+    return connect(uri=uri, path=path, unix=True, **kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/exceptions.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29a2525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import http
+
+from .. import datastructures
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    # InvalidMessage was incorrectly moved here in versions 14.0 and 14.1.
+    InvalidMessage,  # noqa: F401
+    ProtocolError as WebSocketProtocolError,  # noqa: F401
+)
+from ..typing import StatusLike
+
+
+class InvalidStatusCode(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake response status code is invalid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, headers: datastructures.Headers) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"server rejected WebSocket connection: HTTP {self.status_code}"
+
+
+class AbortHandshake(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised to abort the handshake on purpose and return an HTTP response.
+
+    This exception is an implementation detail.
+
+    The public API is
+    :meth:`~websockets.legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request`.
+
+    Attributes:
+        status (~http.HTTPStatus): HTTP status code.
+        headers (Headers): HTTP response headers.
+        body (bytes): HTTP response body.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: StatusLike,
+        headers: datastructures.HeadersLike,
+        body: bytes = b"",
+    ) -> None:
+        # If a user passes an int instead of an HTTPStatus, fix it automatically.
+        self.status = http.HTTPStatus(status)
+        self.headers = datastructures.Headers(headers)
+        self.body = body
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"HTTP {self.status:d}, {len(self.headers)} headers, {len(self.body)} bytes"
+        )
+
+
+class RedirectHandshake(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake gets redirected.
+
+    This exception is an implementation detail.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, uri: str) -> None:
+        self.uri = uri
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"redirect to {self.uri}"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/framing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/framing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..452d2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/framing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple
+
+from .. import extensions, frames
+from ..exceptions import PayloadTooBig, ProtocolError
+from ..typing import BytesLike, DataLike
+
+
+try:
+    from ..speedups import apply_mask
+except ImportError:
+    from ..utils import apply_mask
+
+
+class Frame(NamedTuple):
+    fin: bool
+    opcode: frames.Opcode
+    data: BytesLike
+    rsv1: bool = False
+    rsv2: bool = False
+    rsv3: bool = False
+
+    @property
+    def new_frame(self) -> frames.Frame:
+        return frames.Frame(
+            self.opcode,
+            self.data,
+            self.fin,
+            self.rsv1,
+            self.rsv2,
+            self.rsv3,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.new_frame)
+
+    def check(self) -> None:
+        return self.new_frame.check()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def read(
+        cls,
+        reader: Callable[[int], Awaitable[bytes]],
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Read a WebSocket frame.
+
+        Args:
+            reader: Coroutine that reads exactly the requested number of
+                bytes, unless the end of file is reached.
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the read
+                happens on the server side.
+            max_size: Maximum payload size in bytes.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in reverse order.
+
+        Raises:
+            PayloadTooBig: If the frame exceeds ``max_size``.
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+
+        # Read the header.
+        data = await reader(2)
+        head1, head2 = struct.unpack("!BB", data)
+
+        # While not Pythonic, this is marginally faster than calling bool().
+        fin = True if head1 & 0b10000000 else False
+        rsv1 = True if head1 & 0b01000000 else False
+        rsv2 = True if head1 & 0b00100000 else False
+        rsv3 = True if head1 & 0b00010000 else False
+
+        try:
+            opcode = frames.Opcode(head1 & 0b00001111)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise ProtocolError("invalid opcode") from exc
+
+        if (True if head2 & 0b10000000 else False) != mask:
+            raise ProtocolError("incorrect masking")
+
+        length = head2 & 0b01111111
+        if length == 126:
+            data = await reader(2)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!H", data)
+        elif length == 127:
+            data = await reader(8)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!Q", data)
+        if max_size is not None and length > max_size:
+            raise PayloadTooBig(length, max_size)
+        if mask:
+            mask_bits = await reader(4)
+
+        # Read the data.
+        data = await reader(length)
+        if mask:
+            data = apply_mask(data, mask_bits)
+
+        new_frame = frames.Frame(opcode, data, fin, rsv1, rsv2, rsv3)
+
+        if extensions is None:
+            extensions = []
+        for extension in reversed(extensions):
+            new_frame = extension.decode(new_frame, max_size=max_size)
+
+        new_frame.check()
+
+        return cls(
+            new_frame.fin,
+            new_frame.opcode,
+            new_frame.data,
+            new_frame.rsv1,
+            new_frame.rsv2,
+            new_frame.rsv3,
+        )
+
+    def write(
+        self,
+        write: Callable[[bytes], Any],
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write a WebSocket frame.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Frame to write.
+            write: Function that writes bytes.
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the write
+                happens on the client side.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in order.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+        # The frame is written in a single call to write in order to prevent
+        # TCP fragmentation. See #68 for details. This also makes it safe to
+        # send frames concurrently from multiple coroutines.
+        write(self.new_frame.serialize(mask=mask, extensions=extensions))
+
+
+def prepare_data(data: DataLike) -> tuple[int, BytesLike]:
+    """
+    Convert a string or byte-like object to an opcode and a bytes-like object.
+
+    This function is designed for data frames.
+
+    If ``data`` is a :class:`str`, return ``OP_TEXT`` and a :class:`bytes`
+    object encoding ``data`` in UTF-8.
+
+    If ``data`` is a bytes-like object, return ``OP_BINARY`` and a bytes-like
+    object.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``data`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(data, str):
+        return frames.Opcode.TEXT, data.encode()
+    elif isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+        return frames.Opcode.BINARY, data
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+
+def prepare_ctrl(data: DataLike) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a string or byte-like object to bytes.
+
+    This function is designed for ping and pong frames.
+
+    If ``data`` is a :class:`str`, return a :class:`bytes` object encoding
+    ``data`` in UTF-8.
+
+    If ``data`` is a bytes-like object, return a :class:`bytes` object.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``data`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(data, str):
+        return data.encode()
+    elif isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+        return bytes(data)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+
+# Backwards compatibility with previously documented public APIs
+encode_data = prepare_ctrl
+
+# Backwards compatibility with previously documented public APIs
+from ..frames import Close  # noqa: E402 F401, I001
+
+
+def parse_close(data: bytes) -> tuple[int, str]:
+    """
+    Parse the payload from a close frame.
+
+    Returns:
+        Close code and reason.
+
+    Raises:
+        ProtocolError: If data is ill-formed.
+        UnicodeDecodeError: If the reason isn't valid UTF-8.
+
+    """
+    close = Close.parse(data)
+    return close.code, close.reason
+
+
+def serialize_close(code: int, reason: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Serialize the payload for a close frame.
+
+    """
+    return Close(code, reason).serialize()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/handshake.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/handshake.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a7157c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/handshake.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderValue, InvalidUpgrade
+from ..headers import parse_connection, parse_upgrade
+from ..typing import ConnectionOption, UpgradeProtocol
+from ..utils import accept_key as accept, generate_key
+
+
+__all__ = ["build_request", "check_request", "build_response", "check_response"]
+
+
+def build_request(headers: Headers) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a handshake request to send to the server.
+
+    Update request headers passed in argument.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake request headers.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``key`` that must be passed to :func:`check_response`.
+
+    """
+    key = generate_key()
+    headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+    headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+    headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = key
+    headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"] = "13"
+    return key
+
+
+def check_request(headers: Headers) -> str:
+    """
+    Check a handshake request received from the client.
+
+    This function doesn't verify that the request is an HTTP/1.1 or higher GET
+    request and doesn't perform ``Host`` and ``Origin`` checks. These controls
+    are usually performed earlier in the HTTP request handling code. They're
+    the responsibility of the caller.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake request headers.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``key`` that must be passed to :func:`build_response`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHandshake: If the handshake request is invalid.
+            Then, the server must return a 400 Bad Request error.
+
+    """
+    connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+        [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+    )
+
+    if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Connection", ", ".join(connection))
+
+    upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+        [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+    )
+
+    # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+    # checking the Upgrade header. The RFC always uses "websocket", except
+    # in section 11.2. (IANA registration) where it uses "WebSocket".
+    if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade))
+
+    try:
+        s_w_key = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"]
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key") from exc
+    except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key", "multiple values") from exc
+
+    try:
+        raw_key = base64.b64decode(s_w_key.encode(), validate=True)
+    except binascii.Error as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", s_w_key) from exc
+    if len(raw_key) != 16:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", s_w_key)
+
+    try:
+        s_w_version = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"]
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version") from exc
+    except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version", "multiple values") from exc
+
+    if s_w_version != "13":
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Version", s_w_version)
+
+    return s_w_key
+
+
+def build_response(headers: Headers, key: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Build a handshake response to send to the client.
+
+    Update response headers passed in argument.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake response headers.
+        key: Returned by :func:`check_request`.
+
+    """
+    headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+    headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+    headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"] = accept(key)
+
+
+def check_response(headers: Headers, key: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check a handshake response received from the server.
+
+    This function doesn't verify that the response is an HTTP/1.1 or higher
+    response with a 101 status code. These controls are the responsibility of
+    the caller.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake response headers.
+        key: Returned by :func:`build_request`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHandshake: If the handshake response is invalid.
+
+    """
+    connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+        [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+    )
+
+    if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Connection", " ".join(connection))
+
+    upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+        [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+    )
+
+    # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+    # checking the Upgrade header. The RFC always uses "websocket", except
+    # in section 11.2. (IANA registration) where it uses "WebSocket".
+    if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade))
+
+    try:
+        s_w_accept = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"]
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept") from exc
+    except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", "multiple values") from exc
+
+    if s_w_accept != accept(key):
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", s_w_accept)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/http.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c8a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import re
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import SecurityError
+
+
+__all__ = ["read_request", "read_response"]
+
+MAX_NUM_HEADERS = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_NUM_HEADERS", "128"))
+MAX_LINE_LENGTH = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_LINE_LENGTH", "8192"))
+
+
+def d(value: bytes) -> str:
+    """
+    Decode a bytestring for interpolating into an error message.
+
+    """
+    return value.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+
+
+# See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#appendix-B.
+
+# Regex for validating header names.
+
+_token_re = re.compile(rb"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+")
+
+# Regex for validating header values.
+
+# We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+# Include HTAB (\x09), SP (\x20), VCHAR (\x21-\x7e), obs-text (\x80-\xff).
+
+# The ABNF is complicated because it attempts to express that optional
+# whitespace is ignored. We strip whitespace and don't revalidate that.
+
+# See also https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+
+_value_re = re.compile(rb"[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]*")
+
+
+async def read_request(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> tuple[str, Headers]:
+    """
+    Read an HTTP/1.1 GET request and return ``(path, headers)``.
+
+    ``path`` isn't URL-decoded or validated in any way.
+
+    ``path`` and ``headers`` are expected to contain only ASCII characters.
+    Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    :func:`read_request` doesn't attempt to read the request body because
+    WebSocket handshake requests don't have one. If the request contains a
+    body, it may be read from ``stream`` after this coroutine returns.
+
+    Args:
+        stream: Input to read the request from.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP request.
+        SecurityError: If the request exceeds a security limit.
+        ValueError: If the request isn't well formatted.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.1
+
+    # Parsing is simple because fixed values are expected for method and
+    # version and because path isn't checked. Since WebSocket software tends
+    # to implement HTTP/1.1 strictly, there's little need for lenient parsing.
+
+    try:
+        request_line = await read_line(stream)
+    except EOFError as exc:
+        raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP request line") from exc
+
+    try:
+        method, raw_path, version = request_line.split(b" ", 2)
+    except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP request line: {d(request_line)}") from None
+
+    if method != b"GET":
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP method: {d(method)}")
+    if version != b"HTTP/1.1":
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP version: {d(version)}")
+    path = raw_path.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
+    headers = await read_headers(stream)
+
+    return path, headers
+
+
+async def read_response(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> tuple[int, str, Headers]:
+    """
+    Read an HTTP/1.1 response and return ``(status_code, reason, headers)``.
+
+    ``reason`` and ``headers`` are expected to contain only ASCII characters.
+    Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    :func:`read_request` doesn't attempt to read the response body because
+    WebSocket handshake responses don't have one. If the response contains a
+    body, it may be read from ``stream`` after this coroutine returns.
+
+    Args:
+        stream: Input to read the response from.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP response.
+        SecurityError: If the response exceeds a security limit.
+        ValueError: If the response isn't well formatted.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.2
+
+    # As in read_request, parsing is simple because a fixed value is expected
+    # for version, status_code is a 3-digit number, and reason can be ignored.
+
+    try:
+        status_line = await read_line(stream)
+    except EOFError as exc:
+        raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP status line") from exc
+
+    try:
+        version, raw_status_code, raw_reason = status_line.split(b" ", 2)
+    except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP status line: {d(status_line)}") from None
+
+    if version != b"HTTP/1.1":
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP version: {d(version)}")
+    try:
+        status_code = int(raw_status_code)
+    except ValueError:  # invalid literal for int() with base 10
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP status code: {d(raw_status_code)}") from None
+    if not 100 <= status_code < 1000:
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP status code: {d(raw_status_code)}")
+    if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_reason):
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP reason phrase: {d(raw_reason)}")
+    reason = raw_reason.decode()
+
+    headers = await read_headers(stream)
+
+    return status_code, reason, headers
+
+
+async def read_headers(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> Headers:
+    """
+    Read HTTP headers from ``stream``.
+
+    Non-ASCII characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
+
+    # We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+    headers = Headers()
+    for _ in range(MAX_NUM_HEADERS + 1):
+        try:
+            line = await read_line(stream)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP headers") from exc
+        if line == b"":
+            break
+
+        try:
+            raw_name, raw_value = line.split(b":", 1)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header line: {d(line)}") from None
+        if not _token_re.fullmatch(raw_name):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header name: {d(raw_name)}")
+        raw_value = raw_value.strip(b" \t")
+        if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_value):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header value: {d(raw_value)}")
+
+        name = raw_name.decode("ascii")  # guaranteed to be ASCII at this point
+        value = raw_value.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+        headers[name] = value
+
+    else:
+        raise SecurityError("too many HTTP headers")
+
+    return headers
+
+
+async def read_line(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Read a single line from ``stream``.
+
+    CRLF is stripped from the return value.
+
+    """
+    # Security: this is bounded by the StreamReader's limit (default = 32 KiB).
+    line = await stream.readline()
+    # Security: this guarantees header values are small (hard-coded = 8 KiB)
+    if len(line) > MAX_LINE_LENGTH:
+        raise SecurityError("line too long")
+    # Not mandatory but safe - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.5
+    if not line.endswith(b"\r\n"):
+        raise EOFError("line without CRLF")
+    return line[:-2]
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/protocol.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab4ec6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1635 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import codecs
+import collections
+import logging
+import random
+import ssl
+import struct
+import sys
+import time
+import traceback
+import uuid
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, Callable, Deque, cast
+
+from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedError,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    InvalidState,
+    PayloadTooBig,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..extensions import Extension
+from ..frames import (
+    OK_CLOSE_CODES,
+    OP_BINARY,
+    OP_CLOSE,
+    OP_CONT,
+    OP_PING,
+    OP_PONG,
+    OP_TEXT,
+    Close,
+    CloseCode,
+    Opcode,
+)
+from ..protocol import State
+from ..typing import BytesLike, Data, DataLike, LoggerLike, Subprotocol
+from .framing import Frame, prepare_ctrl, prepare_data
+
+
+__all__ = ["WebSocketCommonProtocol"]
+
+
+# In order to ensure consistency, the code always checks the current value of
+# WebSocketCommonProtocol.state before assigning a new value and never yields
+# between the check and the assignment.
+
+
+class WebSocketCommonProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket connection.
+
+    :class:`WebSocketCommonProtocol` provides APIs shared between WebSocket
+    servers and clients. You shouldn't use it directly. Instead, use
+    :class:`~websockets.legacy.client.WebSocketClientProtocol` or
+    :class:`~websockets.legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol`.
+
+    This documentation focuses on low-level details that aren't covered in the
+    documentation of :class:`~websockets.legacy.client.WebSocketClientProtocol`
+    and :class:`~websockets.legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol` for the sake
+    of simplicity.
+
+    Once the connection is open, a Ping_ frame is sent every ``ping_interval``
+    seconds. This serves as a keepalive. It helps keeping the connection open,
+    especially in the presence of proxies with short timeouts on inactive
+    connections. Set ``ping_interval`` to :obj:`None` to disable this behavior.
+
+    .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+    If the corresponding Pong_ frame isn't received within ``ping_timeout``
+    seconds, the connection is considered unusable and is closed with code 1011.
+    This ensures that the remote endpoint remains responsive. Set
+    ``ping_timeout`` to :obj:`None` to disable this behavior.
+
+    .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+    See the discussion of :doc:`keepalive <../../topics/keepalive>` for details.
+
+    The ``close_timeout`` parameter defines a maximum wait time for completing
+    the closing handshake and terminating the TCP connection. For legacy
+    reasons, :meth:`close` completes in at most ``5 * close_timeout`` seconds
+    for clients and ``4 * close_timeout`` for servers.
+
+    ``close_timeout`` is a parameter of the protocol because websockets usually
+    calls :meth:`close` implicitly upon exit:
+
+    * on the client side, when using :func:`~websockets.legacy.client.connect`
+      as a context manager;
+    * on the server side, when the connection handler terminates.
+
+    To apply a timeout to any other API, wrap it in :func:`~asyncio.timeout` or
+    :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`.
+
+    The ``max_size`` parameter enforces the maximum size for incoming messages
+    in bytes. The default value is 1 MiB. If a larger message is received,
+    :meth:`recv` will raise :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError`
+    and the connection will be closed with code 1009.
+
+    The ``max_queue`` parameter sets the maximum length of the queue that
+    holds incoming messages. The default value is ``32``. Messages are added
+    to an in-memory queue when they're received; then :meth:`recv` pops from
+    that queue. In order to prevent excessive memory consumption when
+    messages are received faster than they can be processed, the queue must
+    be bounded. If the queue fills up, the protocol stops processing incoming
+    data until :meth:`recv` is called. In this situation, various receive
+    buffers (at least in :mod:`asyncio` and in the OS) will fill up, then the
+    TCP receive window will shrink, slowing down transmission to avoid packet
+    loss.
+
+    Since Python can use up to 4 bytes of memory to represent a single
+    character, each connection may use up to ``4 * max_size * max_queue``
+    bytes of memory to store incoming messages. By default, this is 128 MiB.
+    You may want to lower the limits, depending on your application's
+    requirements.
+
+    The ``read_limit`` argument sets the high-water limit of the buffer for
+    incoming bytes. The low-water limit is half the high-water limit. The
+    default value is 64 KiB, half of asyncio's default (based on the current
+    implementation of :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`).
+
+    The ``write_limit`` argument sets the high-water limit of the buffer for
+    outgoing bytes. The low-water limit is a quarter of the high-water limit.
+    The default value is 64 KiB, equal to asyncio's default (based on the
+    current implementation of ``FlowControlMixin``).
+
+    See the discussion of :doc:`memory usage <../../topics/memory>` for details.
+
+    Args:
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.protocol")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing the connection in seconds.
+            For legacy reasons, the actual timeout is 4 or 5 times larger.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit.
+        max_queue: Maximum number of incoming messages in receive buffer.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit.
+        read_limit: High-water mark of read buffer in bytes.
+        write_limit: High-water mark of write buffer in bytes.
+
+    """
+
+    # There are only two differences between the client-side and server-side
+    # behavior: masking the payload and closing the underlying TCP connection.
+    # Set is_client = True/False and side = "client"/"server" to pick a side.
+    is_client: bool
+    side: str = "undefined"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = None,
+        max_size: int | None = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None = 2**5,
+        read_limit: int = 2**16,
+        write_limit: int = 2**16,
+        # The following arguments are kept only for backwards compatibility.
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        secure: bool | None = None,
+        legacy_recv: bool = False,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if legacy_recv:  # pragma: no cover
+            warnings.warn("legacy_recv is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: close_timeout used to be called timeout.
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = 10
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename timeout to close_timeout", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, timeout is ignored.
+        if close_timeout is None:
+            close_timeout = timeout
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: the loop parameter used to be supported.
+        if loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("remove loop argument", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        self.ping_interval = ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = ping_timeout
+        self.close_timeout = close_timeout
+        self.max_size = max_size
+        self.max_queue = max_queue
+        self.read_limit = read_limit
+        self.write_limit = write_limit
+
+        # Unique identifier. For logs.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = uuid.uuid4()
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+
+        # Logger or LoggerAdapter for this connection.
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.protocol")
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = logging.LoggerAdapter(logger, {"websocket": self})
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+
+        # Track if DEBUG is enabled. Shortcut logging calls if it isn't.
+        self.debug = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+
+        self.loop = loop
+
+        self._host = host
+        self._port = port
+        self._secure = secure
+        self.legacy_recv = legacy_recv
+
+        # Configure read buffer limits. The high-water limit is defined by
+        # ``self.read_limit``. The ``limit`` argument controls the line length
+        # limit and half the buffer limit of :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`.
+        # That's why it must be set to half of ``self.read_limit``.
+        self.reader = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=read_limit // 2, loop=loop)
+
+        # Copied from asyncio.FlowControlMixin
+        self._paused = False
+        self._drain_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # This class implements the data transfer and closing handshake, which
+        # are shared between the client-side and the server-side.
+        # Subclasses implement the opening handshake and, on success, execute
+        # :meth:`connection_open` to change the state to OPEN.
+        self.state = State.CONNECTING
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is CONNECTING")
+
+        # HTTP protocol parameters.
+        self.path: str
+        """Path of the opening handshake request."""
+        self.request_headers: Headers
+        """Opening handshake request headers."""
+        self.response_headers: Headers
+        """Opening handshake response headers."""
+
+        # WebSocket protocol parameters.
+        self.extensions: list[Extension] = []
+        self.subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+        """Subprotocol, if one was negotiated."""
+
+        # Close code and reason, set when a close frame is sent or received.
+        self.close_rcvd: Close | None = None
+        self.close_sent: Close | None = None
+        self.close_rcvd_then_sent: bool | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the connection state becomes CLOSED. Translates the
+        # :meth:`connection_lost` callback to a :class:`~asyncio.Future`
+        # that can be awaited. (Other :class:`~asyncio.Protocol` callbacks are
+        # translated by ``self.stream_reader``).
+        self.connection_lost_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+
+        # Queue of received messages.
+        self.messages: Deque[Data] = collections.deque()
+        self._pop_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+        self._put_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # Protect sending fragmented messages.
+        self._fragmented_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # Mapping of ping IDs to pong waiters, in chronological order.
+        self.pings: dict[bytes, tuple[asyncio.Future[float], float]] = {}
+
+        self.latency: float = 0
+        """
+        Latency of the connection, in seconds.
+
+        Latency is defined as the round-trip time of the connection. It is
+        measured by sending a Ping frame and waiting for a matching Pong frame.
+        Before the first measurement, :attr:`latency` is ``0``.
+
+        By default, websockets enables a :ref:`keepalive <keepalive>` mechanism
+        that sends Ping frames automatically at regular intervals. You can also
+        send Ping frames and measure latency with :meth:`ping`.
+        """
+
+        # Task running the data transfer.
+        self.transfer_data_task: asyncio.Task[None]
+
+        # Exception that occurred during data transfer, if any.
+        self.transfer_data_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Task sending keepalive pings.
+        self.keepalive_ping_task: asyncio.Task[None]
+
+        # Task closing the TCP connection.
+        self.close_connection_task: asyncio.Task[None]
+
+    # Copied from asyncio.FlowControlMixin
+    async def _drain_helper(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if self.connection_lost_waiter.done():
+            raise ConnectionResetError("Connection lost")
+        if not self._paused:
+            return
+        waiter = self._drain_waiter
+        assert waiter is None or waiter.cancelled()
+        waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+        self._drain_waiter = waiter
+        await waiter
+
+    # Copied from asyncio.StreamWriter
+    async def _drain(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if self.reader is not None:
+            exc = self.reader.exception()
+            if exc is not None:
+                raise exc
+        if self.transport is not None:
+            if self.transport.is_closing():
+                # Yield to the event loop so connection_lost() may be
+                # called.  Without this, _drain_helper() would return
+                # immediately, and code that calls
+                #     write(...); yield from drain()
+                # in a loop would never call connection_lost(), so it
+                # would not see an error when the socket is closed.
+                await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        await self._drain_helper()
+
+    def connection_open(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Callback when the WebSocket opening handshake completes.
+
+        Enter the OPEN state and start the data transfer phase.
+
+        """
+        # 4.1. The WebSocket Connection is Established.
+        assert self.state is State.CONNECTING
+        self.state = State.OPEN
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is OPEN")
+        # Start the task that receives incoming WebSocket messages.
+        self.transfer_data_task = self.loop.create_task(self.transfer_data())
+        # Start the task that sends pings at regular intervals.
+        self.keepalive_ping_task = self.loop.create_task(self.keepalive_ping())
+        # Start the task that eventually closes the TCP connection.
+        self.close_connection_task = self.loop.create_task(self.close_connection())
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None:
+        alternative = "remote_address" if self.is_client else "local_address"
+        warnings.warn(f"use {alternative}[0] instead of host", DeprecationWarning)
+        return self._host
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        alternative = "remote_address" if self.is_client else "local_address"
+        warnings.warn(f"use {alternative}[1] instead of port", DeprecationWarning)
+        return self._port
+
+    @property
+    def secure(self) -> bool | None:
+        warnings.warn("don't use secure", DeprecationWarning)
+        return self._secure
+
+    # Public API
+
+    @property
+    def local_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Local address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family;
+        see :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`.
+
+        :obj:`None` if the TCP connection isn't established yet.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            transport = self.transport
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return transport.get_extra_info("sockname")
+
+    @property
+    def remote_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Remote address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family;
+        see :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`.
+
+        :obj:`None` if the TCP connection isn't established yet.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            transport = self.transport
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return transport.get_extra_info("peername")
+
+    @property
+    def open(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :obj:`True` when the connection is open; :obj:`False` otherwise.
+
+        This attribute may be used to detect disconnections. However, this
+        approach is discouraged per the EAFP_ principle. Instead, you should
+        handle :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        .. _EAFP: https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-eafp
+
+        """
+        return self.state is State.OPEN and not self.transfer_data_task.done()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :obj:`True` when the connection is closed; :obj:`False` otherwise.
+
+        Be aware that both :attr:`open` and :attr:`closed` are :obj:`False`
+        during the opening and closing sequences.
+
+        """
+        return self.state is State.CLOSED
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close code, defined in `section 7.1.5 of RFC 6455`_.
+
+        .. _section 7.1.5 of RFC 6455:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.5
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not State.CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close reason, defined in `section 7.1.6 of RFC 6455`_.
+
+        .. _section 7.1.6 of RFC 6455:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.6
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not State.CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.reason
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Iterate on incoming messages.
+
+        The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with the close
+        code 1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code.
+
+        It raises a :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError`
+        exception when the connection is closed with any other code.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return
+
+    async def recv(self) -> Data:
+        """
+        Receive the next message.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`recv` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure. This is how you detect the end of the
+        message stream.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`recv` is safe. There's no risk of losing the next
+        message. The next invocation of :meth:`recv` will return it.
+
+        This makes it possible to enforce a timeout by wrapping :meth:`recv` in
+        :func:`~asyncio.timeout` or :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`.
+
+        Returns:
+            A string (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame. A bytestring
+            (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            RuntimeError: If two coroutines call :meth:`recv` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        if self._pop_message_waiter is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "cannot call recv while another coroutine "
+                "is already waiting for the next message"
+            )
+
+        # Don't await self.ensure_open() here:
+        # - messages could be available in the queue even if the connection
+        #   is closed;
+        # - messages could be received before the closing frame even if the
+        #   connection is closing.
+
+        # Wait until there's a message in the queue (if necessary) or the
+        # connection is closed.
+        while len(self.messages) <= 0:
+            pop_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+            self._pop_message_waiter = pop_message_waiter
+            try:
+                # If asyncio.wait() is canceled, it doesn't cancel
+                # pop_message_waiter and self.transfer_data_task.
+                await asyncio.wait(
+                    [pop_message_waiter, self.transfer_data_task],
+                    return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+                )
+            finally:
+                self._pop_message_waiter = None
+
+            # If asyncio.wait(...) exited because self.transfer_data_task
+            # completed before receiving a new message, raise a suitable
+            # exception (or return None if legacy_recv is enabled).
+            if not pop_message_waiter.done():
+                if self.legacy_recv:
+                    return None  # type: ignore
+                else:
+                    # Wait until the connection is closed to raise
+                    # ConnectionClosed with the correct code and reason.
+                    await self.ensure_open()
+
+        # Pop a message from the queue.
+        message = self.messages.popleft()
+
+        # Notify transfer_data().
+        if self._put_message_waiter is not None:
+            self._put_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+            self._put_message_waiter = None
+
+        return message
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        message: DataLike | Iterable[DataLike] | AsyncIterable[DataLike],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a message.
+
+        A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or
+        bytes-like object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or
+        :class:`memoryview`) is sent as a Binary_ frame.
+
+        .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+        .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        :meth:`send` also accepts an iterable or an asynchronous iterable of
+        strings, bytestrings, or bytes-like objects to enable fragmentation_.
+        Each item is treated as a message fragment and sent in its own frame.
+        All items must be of the same type, or else :meth:`send` will raise a
+        :exc:`TypeError` and the connection will be closed.
+
+        .. _fragmentation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.4
+
+        :meth:`send` rejects dict-like objects because this is often an error.
+        (If you want to send the keys of a dict-like object as fragments, call
+        its :meth:`~dict.keys` method and pass the result to :meth:`send`.)
+
+        Canceling :meth:`send` is discouraged. Instead, you should close the
+        connection with :meth:`close`. Indeed, there are only two situations
+        where :meth:`send` may yield control to the event loop and then get
+        canceled; in both cases, :meth:`close` has the same effect and is
+        more clear:
+
+        1. The write buffer is full. If you don't want to wait until enough
+           data is sent, your only alternative is to close the connection.
+           :meth:`close` will likely time out then abort the TCP connection.
+        2. ``message`` is an asynchronous iterator that yields control.
+           Stopping in the middle of a fragmented message will cause a
+           protocol error and the connection will be closed.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`send` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it
+        raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to send.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+        """
+        await self.ensure_open()
+
+        # While sending a fragmented message, prevent sending other messages
+        # until all fragments are sent.
+        while self._fragmented_message_waiter is not None:
+            await asyncio.shield(self._fragmented_message_waiter)
+
+        # Unfragmented message -- this case must be handled first because
+        # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
+
+        if isinstance(message, (str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+            opcode, data = prepare_data(message)
+            await self.write_frame(True, opcode, data)
+
+        # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError("data is a dict-like object")
+
+        # Fragmented message -- regular iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Iterable):
+            iter_message = iter(message)
+            try:
+                fragment = next(iter_message)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+            opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+
+            self._fragmented_message_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(False, opcode, data)
+
+                # Other fragments.
+                for fragment in iter_message:
+                    confirm_opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+                    if confirm_opcode != opcode:
+                        raise TypeError("data contains inconsistent types")
+                    await self.write_frame(False, OP_CONT, data)
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(True, OP_CONT, b"")
+
+            except (Exception, asyncio.CancelledError):
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter = None
+
+        # Fragmented message -- asynchronous iterator
+
+        elif isinstance(message, AsyncIterable):
+            # Implement aiter_message = aiter(message) without aiter
+            # Work around https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5738
+            aiter_message = cast(
+                Callable[[AsyncIterable[DataLike]], AsyncIterator[DataLike]],
+                type(message).__aiter__,
+            )(message)
+            try:
+                # Implement fragment = anext(aiter_message) without anext
+                # Work around https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5738
+                fragment = await cast(
+                    Callable[[AsyncIterator[DataLike]], Awaitable[DataLike]],
+                    type(aiter_message).__anext__,
+                )(aiter_message)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                return
+            opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+
+            self._fragmented_message_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(False, opcode, data)
+
+                # Other fragments.
+                async for fragment in aiter_message:
+                    confirm_opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+                    if confirm_opcode != opcode:
+                        raise TypeError("data contains inconsistent types")
+                    await self.write_frame(False, OP_CONT, data)
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(True, OP_CONT, b"")
+
+            except (Exception, asyncio.CancelledError):
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter = None
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str, bytes-like, or iterable")
+
+    async def close(
+        self,
+        code: int = CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the closing handshake.
+
+        :meth:`close` waits for the other end to complete the handshake and
+        for the TCP connection to terminate. As a consequence, there's no need
+        to await :meth:`wait_closed` after :meth:`close`.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent: it doesn't do anything once the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        Wrapping :func:`close` in :func:`~asyncio.create_task` is safe, given
+        that errors during connection termination aren't particularly useful.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`close` is discouraged. If it takes too long, you can
+        set a shorter ``close_timeout``. If you don't want to wait, let the
+        Python process exit, then the OS will take care of closing the TCP
+        connection.
+
+        Args:
+            code: WebSocket close code.
+            reason: WebSocket close reason.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.close_timeout):
+                await self.write_close_frame(Close(code, reason))
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            # If the close frame cannot be sent because the send buffers
+            # are full, the closing handshake won't complete anyway.
+            # Fail the connection to shut down faster.
+            self.fail_connection()
+
+        # If no close frame is received within the timeout, asyncio_timeout()
+        # cancels the data transfer task and raises TimeoutError.
+
+        # If close() is called multiple times concurrently and one of these
+        # calls hits the timeout, the data transfer task will be canceled.
+        # Other calls will receive a CancelledError here.
+
+        try:
+            # If close() is canceled during the wait, self.transfer_data_task
+            # is canceled before the timeout elapses.
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.close_timeout):
+                await self.transfer_data_task
+        except (asyncio.TimeoutError, asyncio.CancelledError):
+            pass
+
+        # Wait for the close connection task to close the TCP connection.
+        await asyncio.shield(self.close_connection_task)
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the connection is closed.
+
+        This coroutine is identical to the :attr:`closed` attribute, except it
+        can be awaited.
+
+        This can make it easier to detect connection termination, regardless
+        of its cause, in tasks that interact with the WebSocket connection.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+
+    async def ping(self, data: DataLike | None = None) -> Awaitable[float]:
+        """
+        Send a Ping_.
+
+        .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        A ping may serve as a keepalive, as a check that the remote endpoint
+        received all messages up to this point, or to measure :attr:`latency`.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`ping` is discouraged. If :meth:`ping` doesn't return
+        immediately, it means the write buffer is full. If you don't want to
+        wait, you should close the connection.
+
+        Canceling the :class:`~asyncio.Future` returned by :meth:`ping` has no
+        effect.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the ping. A string will be encoded to UTF-8.
+                If ``data`` is :obj:`None`, the payload is four random bytes.
+
+        Returns:
+            A future that will be completed when the corresponding pong is
+            received. You can ignore it if you don't intend to wait. The result
+            of the future is the latency of the connection in seconds.
+
+            ::
+
+                pong_waiter = await ws.ping()
+                # only if you want to wait for the corresponding pong
+                latency = await pong_waiter
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            RuntimeError: If another ping was sent with the same data and
+                the corresponding pong wasn't received yet.
+
+        """
+        await self.ensure_open()
+
+        if data is not None:
+            data = prepare_ctrl(data)
+
+        # Protect against duplicates if a payload is explicitly set.
+        if data in self.pings:
+            raise RuntimeError("already waiting for a pong with the same data")
+
+        # Generate a unique random payload otherwise.
+        while data is None or data in self.pings:
+            data = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+
+        pong_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+        # Resolution of time.monotonic() may be too low on Windows.
+        ping_timestamp = time.perf_counter()
+        self.pings[data] = (pong_waiter, ping_timestamp)
+
+        await self.write_frame(True, OP_PING, data)
+
+        return asyncio.shield(pong_waiter)
+
+    async def pong(self, data: DataLike = b"") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Pong_.
+
+        .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        An unsolicited pong may serve as a unidirectional heartbeat.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`pong` is discouraged. If :meth:`pong` doesn't return
+        immediately, it means the write buffer is full. If you don't want to
+        wait, you should close the connection.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the pong. A string will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        await self.ensure_open()
+
+        data = prepare_ctrl(data)
+
+        await self.write_frame(True, OP_PONG, data)
+
+    # Private methods - no guarantees.
+
+    def connection_closed_exc(self) -> ConnectionClosed:
+        exc: ConnectionClosed
+        if (
+            self.close_rcvd is not None
+            and self.close_rcvd.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+            and self.close_sent is not None
+            and self.close_sent.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+        ):
+            exc = ConnectionClosedOK(
+                self.close_rcvd,
+                self.close_sent,
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent,
+            )
+        else:
+            exc = ConnectionClosedError(
+                self.close_rcvd,
+                self.close_sent,
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent,
+            )
+        # Chain to the exception that terminated data transfer, if any.
+        exc.__cause__ = self.transfer_data_exc
+        return exc
+
+    async def ensure_open(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Check that the WebSocket connection is open.
+
+        Raise :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` if it isn't.
+
+        """
+        # Handle cases from most common to least common for performance.
+        if self.state is State.OPEN:
+            # If self.transfer_data_task exited without a closing handshake,
+            # self.close_connection_task may be closing the connection, going
+            # straight from OPEN to CLOSED.
+            if self.transfer_data_task.done():
+                await asyncio.shield(self.close_connection_task)
+                raise self.connection_closed_exc()
+            else:
+                return
+
+        if self.state is State.CLOSED:
+            raise self.connection_closed_exc()
+
+        if self.state is State.CLOSING:
+            # If we started the closing handshake, wait for its completion to
+            # get the proper close code and reason. self.close_connection_task
+            # will complete within 4 or 5 * close_timeout after close(). The
+            # CLOSING state also occurs when failing the connection. In that
+            # case self.close_connection_task will complete even faster.
+            await asyncio.shield(self.close_connection_task)
+            raise self.connection_closed_exc()
+
+        # Control may only reach this point in buggy third-party subclasses.
+        assert self.state is State.CONNECTING
+        raise InvalidState("WebSocket connection isn't established yet")
+
+    async def transfer_data(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming messages and put them in a queue.
+
+        This coroutine runs in a task until the closing handshake is started.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                message = await self.read_message()
+
+                # Exit the loop when receiving a close frame.
+                if message is None:
+                    break
+
+                # Wait until there's room in the queue (if necessary).
+                if self.max_queue is not None:
+                    while len(self.messages) >= self.max_queue:
+                        self._put_message_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+                        try:
+                            await asyncio.shield(self._put_message_waiter)
+                        finally:
+                            self._put_message_waiter = None
+
+                # Put the message in the queue.
+                self.messages.append(message)
+
+                # Notify recv().
+                if self._pop_message_waiter is not None:
+                    self._pop_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+                    self._pop_message_waiter = None
+
+        except asyncio.CancelledError as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            # If fail_connection() cancels this task, avoid logging the error
+            # twice and failing the connection again.
+            raise
+
+        except ProtocolError as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR)
+
+        except (ConnectionError, TimeoutError, EOFError, ssl.SSLError) as exc:
+            # Reading data with self.reader.readexactly may raise:
+            # - most subclasses of ConnectionError if the TCP connection
+            #   breaks, is reset, or is aborted;
+            # - TimeoutError if the TCP connection times out;
+            # - IncompleteReadError, a subclass of EOFError, if fewer
+            #   bytes are available than requested;
+            # - ssl.SSLError if the other side infringes the TLS protocol.
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE)
+
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INVALID_DATA)
+
+        except PayloadTooBig as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG)
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # This shouldn't happen often because exceptions expected under
+            # regular circumstances are handled above. If it does, consider
+            # catching and handling more exceptions.
+            self.logger.error("data transfer failed", exc_info=True)
+
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+    async def read_message(self) -> Data | None:
+        """
+        Read a single message from the connection.
+
+        Re-assemble data frames if the message is fragmented.
+
+        Return :obj:`None` when the closing handshake is started.
+
+        """
+        frame = await self.read_data_frame(max_size=self.max_size)
+
+        # A close frame was received.
+        if frame is None:
+            return None
+
+        if frame.opcode == OP_TEXT:
+            text = True
+        elif frame.opcode == OP_BINARY:
+            text = False
+        else:  # frame.opcode == OP_CONT
+            raise ProtocolError("unexpected opcode")
+
+        # Shortcut for the common case - no fragmentation
+        if frame.fin:
+            if isinstance(frame.data, memoryview):
+                raise AssertionError("only compressed outgoing frames use memoryview")
+            return frame.data.decode() if text else bytes(frame.data)
+
+        # 5.4. Fragmentation
+        fragments: list[DataLike] = []
+        max_size = self.max_size
+        if text:
+            decoder_factory = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")
+            decoder = decoder_factory(errors="strict")
+            if max_size is None:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments
+                    fragments.append(decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin))
+
+            else:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments, max_size
+                    fragments.append(decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin))
+                    assert isinstance(max_size, int)
+                    max_size -= len(frame.data)
+
+        else:
+            if max_size is None:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments
+                    fragments.append(frame.data)
+
+            else:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments, max_size
+                    fragments.append(frame.data)
+                    assert isinstance(max_size, int)
+                    max_size -= len(frame.data)
+
+        append(frame)
+
+        while not frame.fin:
+            frame = await self.read_data_frame(max_size=max_size)
+            if frame is None:
+                raise ProtocolError("incomplete fragmented message")
+            if frame.opcode != OP_CONT:
+                raise ProtocolError("unexpected opcode")
+            append(frame)
+
+        return ("" if text else b"").join(fragments)
+
+    async def read_data_frame(self, max_size: int | None) -> Frame | None:
+        """
+        Read a single data frame from the connection.
+
+        Process control frames received before the next data frame.
+
+        Return :obj:`None` if a close frame is encountered before any data frame.
+
+        """
+        # 6.2. Receiving Data
+        while True:
+            frame = await self.read_frame(max_size)
+
+            # 5.5. Control Frames
+            if frame.opcode == OP_CLOSE:
+                # 7.1.5.  The WebSocket Connection Close Code
+                # 7.1.6.  The WebSocket Connection Close Reason
+                self.close_rcvd = Close.parse(frame.data)
+                if self.close_sent is not None:
+                    self.close_rcvd_then_sent = False
+                try:
+                    # Echo the original data instead of re-serializing it with
+                    # Close.serialize() because that fails when the close frame
+                    # is empty and Close.parse() synthesizes a 1005 close code.
+                    await self.write_close_frame(self.close_rcvd, frame.data)
+                except ConnectionClosed:
+                    # Connection closed before we could echo the close frame.
+                    pass
+                return None
+
+            elif frame.opcode == OP_PING:
+                # Answer pings, unless connection is CLOSING.
+                if self.state is State.OPEN:
+                    try:
+                        await self.pong(frame.data)
+                    except ConnectionClosed:
+                        # Connection closed while draining write buffer.
+                        pass
+
+            elif frame.opcode == OP_PONG:
+                if frame.data in self.pings:
+                    pong_timestamp = time.perf_counter()
+                    # Sending a pong for only the most recent ping is legal.
+                    # Acknowledge all previous pings too in that case.
+                    ping_id = None
+                    ping_ids = []
+                    for ping_id, (pong_waiter, ping_timestamp) in self.pings.items():
+                        ping_ids.append(ping_id)
+                        if not pong_waiter.done():
+                            pong_waiter.set_result(pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp)
+                        if ping_id == frame.data:
+                            self.latency = pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        raise AssertionError("solicited pong not found in pings")
+                    # Remove acknowledged pings from self.pings.
+                    for ping_id in ping_ids:
+                        del self.pings[ping_id]
+
+            # 5.6. Data Frames
+            else:
+                return frame
+
+    async def read_frame(self, max_size: int | None) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Read a single frame from the connection.
+
+        """
+        frame = await Frame.read(
+            self.reader.readexactly,
+            mask=not self.is_client,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            extensions=self.extensions,
+        )
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< %s", frame)
+        return frame
+
+    def write_frame_sync(self, fin: bool, opcode: int, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        frame = Frame(fin, Opcode(opcode), data)
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> %s", frame)
+        frame.write(
+            self.transport.write,
+            mask=self.is_client,
+            extensions=self.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def drain(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            # Handle flow control automatically.
+            await self._drain()
+        except ConnectionError:
+            # Terminate the connection if the socket died.
+            self.fail_connection()
+            # Wait until the connection is closed to raise ConnectionClosed
+            # with the correct code and reason.
+            await self.ensure_open()
+
+    async def write_frame(
+        self, fin: bool, opcode: int, data: BytesLike, *, _state: int = State.OPEN
+    ) -> None:
+        # Defensive assertion for protocol compliance.
+        if self.state is not _state:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise InvalidState(
+                f"Cannot write to a WebSocket in the {self.state.name} state"
+            )
+        self.write_frame_sync(fin, opcode, data)
+        await self.drain()
+
+    async def write_close_frame(
+        self, close: Close, data: BytesLike | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write a close frame if and only if the connection state is OPEN.
+
+        This dedicated coroutine must be used for writing close frames to
+        ensure that at most one close frame is sent on a given connection.
+
+        """
+        # Test and set the connection state before sending the close frame to
+        # avoid sending two frames in case of concurrent calls.
+        if self.state is State.OPEN:
+            # 7.1.3. The WebSocket Closing Handshake is Started
+            self.state = State.CLOSING
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("= connection is CLOSING")
+
+            self.close_sent = close
+            if self.close_rcvd is not None:
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent = True
+            if data is None:
+                data = close.serialize()
+
+            # 7.1.2. Start the WebSocket Closing Handshake
+            await self.write_frame(True, OP_CLOSE, data, _state=State.CLOSING)
+
+    async def keepalive_ping(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Ping frame and wait for a Pong frame at regular intervals.
+
+        This coroutine exits when the connection terminates and one of the
+        following happens:
+
+        - :meth:`ping` raises :exc:`ConnectionClosed`, or
+        - :meth:`close_connection` cancels :attr:`keepalive_ping_task`.
+
+        """
+        if self.ping_interval is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(self.ping_interval)
+
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("% sending keepalive ping")
+                pong_waiter = await self.ping()
+
+                if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+                    try:
+                        async with asyncio_timeout(self.ping_timeout):
+                            # Raises CancelledError if the connection is closed,
+                            # when close_connection() cancels keepalive_ping().
+                            # Raises ConnectionClosed if the connection is lost,
+                            # when connection_lost() calls abort_pings().
+                            await pong_waiter
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("% received keepalive pong")
+                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for keepalive pong")
+                        self.fail_connection(
+                            CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                            "keepalive ping timeout",
+                        )
+                        break
+
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            pass
+
+        except Exception:
+            self.logger.error("keepalive ping failed", exc_info=True)
+
+    async def close_connection(self) -> None:
+        """
+        7.1.1. Close the WebSocket Connection
+
+        When the opening handshake succeeds, :meth:`connection_open` starts
+        this coroutine in a task. It waits for the data transfer phase to
+        complete then it closes the TCP connection cleanly.
+
+        When the opening handshake fails, :meth:`fail_connection` does the
+        same. There's no data transfer phase in that case.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            # Wait for the data transfer phase to complete.
+            if hasattr(self, "transfer_data_task"):
+                try:
+                    await self.transfer_data_task
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+
+            # Cancel the keepalive ping task.
+            if hasattr(self, "keepalive_ping_task"):
+                self.keepalive_ping_task.cancel()
+
+            # A client should wait for a TCP close from the server.
+            if self.is_client and hasattr(self, "transfer_data_task"):
+                if await self.wait_for_connection_lost():
+                    return
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for TCP close")
+
+            # Half-close the TCP connection if possible (when there's no TLS).
+            if self.transport.can_write_eof():
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("x half-closing TCP connection")
+                # write_eof() doesn't document which exceptions it raises.
+                # "[Errno 107] Transport endpoint is not connected" happens
+                # but it isn't completely clear under which circumstances.
+                # uvloop can raise RuntimeError here.
+                try:
+                    self.transport.write_eof()
+                except (OSError, RuntimeError):  # pragma: no cover
+                    pass
+
+                if await self.wait_for_connection_lost():
+                    return
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for TCP close")
+
+        finally:
+            # The try/finally ensures that the transport never remains open,
+            # even if this coroutine is canceled (for example).
+            await self.close_transport()
+
+    async def close_transport(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the TCP connection.
+
+        """
+        # If connection_lost() was called, the TCP connection is closed.
+        # However, if TLS is enabled, the transport still needs closing.
+        # Else asyncio complains: ResourceWarning: unclosed transport.
+        if self.connection_lost_waiter.done() and self.transport.is_closing():
+            return
+
+        # Close the TCP connection. Buffers are flushed asynchronously.
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("x closing TCP connection")
+        self.transport.close()
+
+        if await self.wait_for_connection_lost():
+            return
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for TCP close")
+
+        # Abort the TCP connection. Buffers are discarded.
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("x aborting TCP connection")
+        self.transport.abort()
+
+        # connection_lost() is called quickly after aborting.
+        await self.wait_for_connection_lost()
+
+    async def wait_for_connection_lost(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Wait until the TCP connection is closed or ``self.close_timeout`` elapses.
+
+        Return :obj:`True` if the connection is closed and :obj:`False`
+        otherwise.
+
+        """
+        if not self.connection_lost_waiter.done():
+            try:
+                async with asyncio_timeout(self.close_timeout):
+                    await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                pass
+        # Re-check self.connection_lost_waiter.done() synchronously because
+        # connection_lost() could run between the moment the timeout occurs
+        # and the moment this coroutine resumes running.
+        return self.connection_lost_waiter.done()
+
+    def fail_connection(
+        self,
+        code: int = CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        7.1.7. Fail the WebSocket Connection
+
+        This requires:
+
+        1. Stopping all processing of incoming data, which means canceling
+           :attr:`transfer_data_task`. The close code will be 1006 unless a
+           close frame was received earlier.
+
+        2. Sending a close frame with an appropriate code if the opening
+           handshake succeeded and the other side is likely to process it.
+
+        3. Closing the connection. :meth:`close_connection` takes care of
+           this once :attr:`transfer_data_task` exits after being canceled.
+
+        (The specification describes these steps in the opposite order.)
+
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("! failing connection with code %d", code)
+
+        # Cancel transfer_data_task if the opening handshake succeeded.
+        # cancel() is idempotent and ignored if the task is done already.
+        if hasattr(self, "transfer_data_task"):
+            self.transfer_data_task.cancel()
+
+        # Send a close frame when the state is OPEN (a close frame was already
+        # sent if it's CLOSING), except when failing the connection because of
+        # an error reading from or writing to the network.
+        # Don't send a close frame if the connection is broken.
+        if code != CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE and self.state is State.OPEN:
+            close = Close(code, reason)
+
+            # Write the close frame without draining the write buffer.
+
+            # Keeping fail_connection() synchronous guarantees it can't
+            # get stuck and simplifies the implementation of the callers.
+            # Not drainig the write buffer is acceptable in this context.
+
+            # This duplicates a few lines of code from write_close_frame().
+
+            self.state = State.CLOSING
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("= connection is CLOSING")
+
+            # If self.close_rcvd was set, the connection state would be
+            # CLOSING. Therefore self.close_rcvd isn't set and we don't
+            # have to set self.close_rcvd_then_sent.
+            assert self.close_rcvd is None
+            self.close_sent = close
+
+            self.write_frame_sync(True, OP_CLOSE, close.serialize())
+
+        # Start close_connection_task if the opening handshake didn't succeed.
+        if not hasattr(self, "close_connection_task"):
+            self.close_connection_task = self.loop.create_task(self.close_connection())
+
+    def abort_pings(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Raise ConnectionClosed in pending keepalive pings.
+
+        They'll never receive a pong once the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        assert self.state is State.CLOSED
+        exc = self.connection_closed_exc()
+
+        for pong_waiter, _ping_timestamp in self.pings.values():
+            pong_waiter.set_exception(exc)
+            # If the exception is never retrieved, it will be logged when ping
+            # is garbage-collected. This is confusing for users.
+            # Given that ping is done (with an exception), canceling it does
+            # nothing, but it prevents logging the exception.
+            pong_waiter.cancel()
+
+    # asyncio.Protocol methods
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure write buffer limits.
+
+        The high-water limit is defined by ``self.write_limit``.
+
+        The low-water limit currently defaults to ``self.write_limit // 4`` in
+        :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`, which should
+        be all right for reasonable use cases of this library.
+
+        This is the earliest point where we can get hold of the transport,
+        which means it's the best point for configuring it.
+
+        """
+        transport = cast(asyncio.Transport, transport)
+        transport.set_write_buffer_limits(self.write_limit)
+        self.transport = transport
+
+        # Copied from asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol
+        self.reader.set_transport(transport)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        """
+        7.1.4. The WebSocket Connection is Closed.
+
+        """
+        self.state = State.CLOSED
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is CLOSED")
+
+        self.abort_pings()
+
+        # If self.connection_lost_waiter isn't pending, that's a bug, because:
+        # - it's set only here in connection_lost() which is called only once;
+        # - it must never be canceled.
+        self.connection_lost_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        if True:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Copied from asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol
+            if self.reader is not None:
+                if exc is None:
+                    self.reader.feed_eof()
+                else:
+                    self.reader.set_exception(exc)
+
+            # Copied from asyncio.FlowControlMixin
+            # Wake up the writer if currently paused.
+            if not self._paused:
+                return
+            waiter = self._drain_waiter
+            if waiter is None:
+                return
+            self._drain_waiter = None
+            if waiter.done():
+                return
+            if exc is None:
+                waiter.set_result(None)
+            else:
+                waiter.set_exception(exc)
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        assert not self._paused
+        self._paused = True
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        assert self._paused
+        self._paused = False
+
+        waiter = self._drain_waiter
+        if waiter is not None:
+            self._drain_waiter = None
+            if not waiter.done():
+                waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the transport after receiving EOF.
+
+        The WebSocket protocol has its own closing handshake: endpoints close
+        the TCP or TLS connection after sending and receiving a close frame.
+
+        As a consequence, they never need to write after receiving EOF, so
+        there's no reason to keep the transport open by returning :obj:`True`.
+
+        Besides, that doesn't work on TLS connections.
+
+        """
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+
+
+# broadcast() is defined in the protocol module even though it's primarily
+# used by servers and documented in the server module because it works with
+# client connections too and because it's easier to test together with the
+# WebSocketCommonProtocol class.
+
+
+def broadcast(
+    websockets: Iterable[WebSocketCommonProtocol],
+    message: DataLike,
+    raise_exceptions: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Broadcast a message to several WebSocket connections.
+
+    A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or bytes-like
+    object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) is sent
+    as a Binary_ frame.
+
+    .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+    .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+    :func:`broadcast` pushes the message synchronously to all connections even
+    if their write buffers are overflowing. There's no backpressure.
+
+    If you broadcast messages faster than a connection can handle them, messages
+    will pile up in its write buffer until the connection times out. Keep
+    ``ping_interval`` and ``ping_timeout`` low to prevent excessive memory usage
+    from slow connections.
+
+    Unlike :meth:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.send`,
+    :func:`broadcast` doesn't support sending fragmented messages. Indeed,
+    fragmentation is useful for sending large messages without buffering them in
+    memory, while :func:`broadcast` buffers one copy per connection as fast as
+    possible.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` skips connections that aren't open in order to avoid
+    errors on connections where the closing handshake is in progress.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` ignores failures to write the message on some connections.
+    It continues writing to other connections. On Python 3.11 and above, you may
+    set ``raise_exceptions`` to :obj:`True` to record failures and raise all
+    exceptions in a :pep:`654` :exc:`ExceptionGroup`.
+
+    While :func:`broadcast` makes more sense for servers, it works identically
+    with clients, if you have a use case for opening connections to many servers
+    and broadcasting a message to them.
+
+    Args:
+        websockets: WebSocket connections to which the message will be sent.
+        message: Message to send.
+        raise_exceptions: Whether to raise an exception in case of failures.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(message, (str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+    if raise_exceptions:
+        if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("raise_exceptions requires at least Python 3.11")
+        exceptions = []
+
+    opcode, data = prepare_data(message)
+
+    for websocket in websockets:
+        if websocket.state is not State.OPEN:
+            continue
+
+        if websocket._fragmented_message_waiter is not None:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = RuntimeError("sending a fragmented message")
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                websocket.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: sending a fragmented message",
+                )
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            websocket.write_frame_sync(True, opcode, data)
+        except Exception as write_exception:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = RuntimeError("failed to write message")
+                exception.__cause__ = write_exception
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                websocket.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: failed to write message: %s",
+                    traceback.format_exception_only(write_exception)[0].strip(),
+                )
+
+    if raise_exceptions and exceptions:
+        raise ExceptionGroup("skipped broadcast", exceptions)
+
+
+# Pretend that broadcast is actually defined in the server module.
+broadcast.__module__ = "websockets.legacy.server"
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/server.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2a69c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import email.utils
+import functools
+import http
+import inspect
+import logging
+import socket
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from ..datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike, MultipleValuesError
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidOrigin,
+    InvalidUpgrade,
+    NegotiationError,
+)
+from ..extensions import Extension, ServerExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_server_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import (
+    build_extension,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import SERVER
+from ..protocol import State
+from ..typing import ExtensionHeader, LoggerLike, Origin, StatusLike, Subprotocol
+from .exceptions import AbortHandshake
+from .handshake import build_response, check_request
+from .http import read_request
+from .protocol import WebSocketCommonProtocol, broadcast
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "broadcast",
+    "serve",
+    "unix_serve",
+    "WebSocketServerProtocol",
+    "WebSocketServer",
+]
+
+
+HeadersLikeOrCallable = HeadersLike | Callable[[str, Headers], HeadersLike]
+
+HTTPResponse = tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes]
+
+
+class WebSocketServerProtocol(WebSocketCommonProtocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket server connection.
+
+    :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send`
+    coroutines for receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with close code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises
+    a :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection
+    is closed with any other code.
+
+    You may customize the opening handshake in a subclass by
+    overriding :meth:`process_request` or :meth:`select_subprotocol`.
+
+    Args:
+        ws_server: WebSocket server that created this connection.
+
+    See :func:`serve` for the documentation of ``ws_handler``, ``logger``, ``origins``,
+    ``extensions``, ``subprotocols``, ``extra_headers``, and ``server_header``.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    """
+
+    is_client = False
+    side = "server"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        # The version that accepts the path in the second argument is deprecated.
+        ws_handler: (
+            Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+            | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+        ),
+        ws_server: WebSocketServer,
+        *,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLikeOrCallable | None = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[[str, Headers], Awaitable[HTTPResponse | None]] | None
+        ) = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[[Sequence[Subprotocol], Sequence[Subprotocol]], Subprotocol] | None
+        ) = None,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        super().__init__(logger=logger, **kwargs)
+        # For backwards compatibility with 6.0 or earlier.
+        if origins is not None and "" in origins:
+            warnings.warn("use None instead of '' in origins", DeprecationWarning)
+            origins = [None if origin == "" else origin for origin in origins]
+        # For backwards compatibility with 10.0 or earlier. Done here in
+        # addition to serve to trigger the deprecation warning on direct
+        # use of WebSocketServerProtocol.
+        self.ws_handler = remove_path_argument(ws_handler)
+        self.ws_server = ws_server
+        self.origins = origins
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        self.extra_headers = extra_headers
+        self.server_header = server_header
+        self._process_request = process_request
+        self._select_subprotocol = select_subprotocol
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        """
+        Register connection and initialize a task to handle it.
+
+        """
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+        # Register the connection with the server before creating the handler
+        # task. Registering at the beginning of the handler coroutine would
+        # create a race condition between the creation of the task, which
+        # schedules its execution, and the moment the handler starts running.
+        self.ws_server.register(self)
+        self.handler_task = self.loop.create_task(self.handler())
+
+    async def handler(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle the lifecycle of a WebSocket connection.
+
+        Since this method doesn't have a caller able to handle exceptions, it
+        attempts to log relevant ones and guarantees that the TCP connection is
+        closed before exiting.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            try:
+                async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+                    await self.handshake(
+                        origins=self.origins,
+                        available_extensions=self.available_extensions,
+                        available_subprotocols=self.available_subprotocols,
+                        extra_headers=self.extra_headers,
+                    )
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise
+            except ConnectionError:
+                raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if isinstance(exc, AbortHandshake):
+                    status, headers, body = exc.status, exc.headers, exc.body
+                elif isinstance(exc, InvalidOrigin):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("! invalid origin", exc_info=True)
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN,
+                        Headers(),
+                        f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n".encode(),
+                    )
+                elif isinstance(exc, InvalidUpgrade):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("! invalid upgrade", exc_info=True)
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.UPGRADE_REQUIRED,
+                        Headers([("Upgrade", "websocket")]),
+                        (
+                            f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n"
+                            f"\n"
+                            f"You cannot access a WebSocket server directly "
+                            f"with a browser. You need a WebSocket client.\n"
+                        ).encode(),
+                    )
+                elif isinstance(exc, InvalidHandshake):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("! invalid handshake", exc_info=True)
+                    exc_chain = cast(BaseException, exc)
+                    exc_str = f"{exc_chain}"
+                    while exc_chain.__cause__ is not None:
+                        exc_chain = exc_chain.__cause__
+                        exc_str += f"; {exc_chain}"
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+                        Headers(),
+                        f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc_str}.\n".encode(),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                        Headers(),
+                        (
+                            b"Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                            b"See server log for more information.\n"
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+                headers.setdefault("Date", email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True))
+                if self.server_header:
+                    headers.setdefault("Server", self.server_header)
+
+                headers.setdefault("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
+                headers.setdefault("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+                headers.setdefault("Connection", "close")
+
+                self.write_http_response(status, headers, body)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "connection rejected (%d %s)", status.value, status.phrase
+                )
+                await self.close_transport()
+                return
+
+            try:
+                await self.ws_handler(self)
+            except Exception:
+                self.logger.error("connection handler failed", exc_info=True)
+                if not self.closed:
+                    self.fail_connection(1011)
+                raise
+
+            try:
+                await self.close()
+            except ConnectionError:
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                self.logger.error("closing handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                raise
+
+        except Exception:
+            # Last-ditch attempt to avoid leaking connections on errors.
+            try:
+                self.transport.close()
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                pass
+
+        finally:
+            # Unregister the connection with the server when the handler task
+            # terminates. Registration is tied to the lifecycle of the handler
+            # task because the server waits for tasks attached to registered
+            # connections before terminating.
+            self.ws_server.unregister(self)
+            self.logger.info("connection closed")
+
+    async def read_http_request(self) -> tuple[str, Headers]:
+        """
+        Read request line and headers from the HTTP request.
+
+        If the request contains a body, it may be read from ``self.reader``
+        after this coroutine returns.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidMessage: If the HTTP message is malformed or isn't an
+                HTTP/1.1 GET request.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            path, headers = await read_request(self.reader)
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise InvalidMessage("did not receive a valid HTTP request") from exc
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< GET %s HTTP/1.1", path)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.request_headers = headers
+
+        return path, headers
+
+    def write_http_response(
+        self, status: http.HTTPStatus, headers: Headers, body: bytes | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write status line and headers to the HTTP response.
+
+        This coroutine is also able to write a response body.
+
+        """
+        self.response_headers = headers
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> HTTP/1.1 %d %s", status.value, status.phrase)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+            if body is not None:
+                self.logger.debug("> [body] (%d bytes)", len(body))
+
+        # Since the status line and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        response = f"HTTP/1.1 {status.value} {status.phrase}\r\n"
+        response += str(headers)
+
+        self.transport.write(response.encode())
+
+        if body is not None:
+            self.transport.write(body)
+
+    async def process_request(
+        self, path: str, request_headers: Headers
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Intercept the HTTP request and return an HTTP response if appropriate.
+
+        You may override this method in a :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`
+        subclass, for example:
+
+        * to return an HTTP 200 OK response on a given path; then a load
+          balancer can use this path for a health check;
+        * to authenticate the request and return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized or an
+          HTTP 403 Forbidden when authentication fails.
+
+        You may also override this method with the ``process_request``
+        argument of :func:`serve` and :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`. This
+        is equivalent, except ``process_request`` won't have access to the
+        protocol instance, so it can't store information for later use.
+
+        :meth:`process_request` is expected to complete quickly. If it may run
+        for a long time, then it should await :meth:`wait_closed` and exit if
+        :meth:`wait_closed` completes, or else it could prevent the server
+        from shutting down.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Request path, including optional query string.
+            request_headers: Request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes] | None: :obj:`None` to
+            continue the WebSocket handshake normally.
+
+            An HTTP response, represented by a 3-uple of the response status,
+            headers, and body, to abort the WebSocket handshake and return
+            that HTTP response instead.
+
+        """
+        if self._process_request is not None:
+            response = self._process_request(path, request_headers)
+            if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                return await response
+            else:
+                # For backwards compatibility with 7.0.
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "declare process_request as a coroutine", DeprecationWarning
+                )
+                return response
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_origin(
+        headers: Headers, origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None
+    ) -> Origin | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Origin HTTP request header.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: Request headers.
+            origins: Optional list of acceptable origins.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidOrigin: If the origin isn't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        # "The user agent MUST NOT include more than one Origin header field"
+        # per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6454#section-7.3.
+        try:
+            origin = headers.get("Origin")
+        except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Origin", "multiple values") from exc
+        if origin is not None:
+            origin = cast(Origin, origin)
+        if origins is not None:
+            if origin not in origins:
+                raise InvalidOrigin(origin)
+        return origin
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_extensions(
+        headers: Headers,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None,
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, list[Extension]]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP request header.
+
+        Accept or reject each extension proposed in the client request.
+        Negotiate parameters for accepted extensions.
+
+        Return the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header and the list
+        of accepted extensions.
+
+        :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each
+        :extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension proposed by
+        the client, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        server configuration. If no match is found, the extension is ignored.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are proposed by the client,
+        it may be accepted several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        This process doesn't allow the server to reorder extensions. It can
+        only select a subset of the extensions proposed by the client.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: Request headers.
+            extensions: Optional list of supported extensions.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        """
+        response_header_value: str | None = None
+
+        extension_headers: list[ExtensionHeader] = []
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if header_values and available_extensions:
+            parsed_header_values: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            for name, request_params in parsed_header_values:
+                for ext_factory in available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if ext_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        response_params, extension = ext_factory.process_request_params(
+                            request_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    extension_headers.append((name, response_params))
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the client sent. The extension is declined.
+
+        # Serialize extension header.
+        if extension_headers:
+            response_header_value = build_extension(extension_headers)
+
+        return response_header_value, accepted_extensions
+
+    # Not @staticmethod because it calls self.select_subprotocol()
+    def process_subprotocol(
+        self, headers: Headers, available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP request header.
+
+        Return Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header, which is the same
+        as the selected subprotocol.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: Request headers.
+            available_subprotocols: Optional list of supported subprotocols.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        """
+        subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+        if header_values and available_subprotocols:
+            parsed_header_values: list[Subprotocol] = sum(
+                [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            subprotocol = self.select_subprotocol(
+                parsed_header_values, available_subprotocols
+            )
+
+        return subprotocol
+
+    def select_subprotocol(
+        self,
+        client_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+        server_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Pick a subprotocol among those supported by the client and the server.
+
+        If several subprotocols are available, select the preferred subprotocol
+        by giving equal weight to the preferences of the client and the server.
+
+        If no subprotocol is available, proceed without a subprotocol.
+
+        You may provide a ``select_subprotocol`` argument to :func:`serve` or
+        :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol` to override this logic. For example,
+        you could reject the handshake if the client doesn't support a
+        particular subprotocol, rather than accept the handshake without that
+        subprotocol.
+
+        Args:
+            client_subprotocols: List of subprotocols offered by the client.
+            server_subprotocols: List of subprotocols available on the server.
+
+        Returns:
+            Selected subprotocol, if a common subprotocol was found.
+
+            :obj:`None` to continue without a subprotocol.
+
+        """
+        if self._select_subprotocol is not None:
+            return self._select_subprotocol(client_subprotocols, server_subprotocols)
+
+        subprotocols = set(client_subprotocols) & set(server_subprotocols)
+        if not subprotocols:
+            return None
+        return sorted(
+            subprotocols,
+            key=lambda p: client_subprotocols.index(p) + server_subprotocols.index(p),
+        )[0]
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLikeOrCallable | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Perform the server side of the opening handshake.
+
+        Args:
+            origins: List of acceptable values of the Origin HTTP header;
+                include :obj:`None` if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+            extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+                should be tried.
+            subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of
+                decreasing preference.
+            extra_headers: Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the response when
+                the handshake succeeds.
+
+        Returns:
+            path of the URI of the request.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake fails.
+
+        """
+        path, request_headers = await self.read_http_request()
+
+        # Hook for customizing request handling, for example checking
+        # authentication or treating some paths as plain HTTP endpoints.
+        early_response_awaitable = self.process_request(path, request_headers)
+        if isinstance(early_response_awaitable, Awaitable):
+            early_response = await early_response_awaitable
+        else:
+            # For backwards compatibility with 7.0.
+            warnings.warn("declare process_request as a coroutine", DeprecationWarning)
+            early_response = early_response_awaitable
+
+        # The connection may drop while process_request is running.
+        if self.state is State.CLOSED:
+            # This subclass of ConnectionError is silently ignored in handler().
+            raise BrokenPipeError("connection closed during opening handshake")
+
+        # Change the response to a 503 error if the server is shutting down.
+        if not self.ws_server.is_serving():
+            early_response = (
+                http.HTTPStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                [],
+                b"Server is shutting down.\n",
+            )
+
+        if early_response is not None:
+            raise AbortHandshake(*early_response)
+
+        key = check_request(request_headers)
+
+        self.origin = self.process_origin(request_headers, origins)
+
+        extensions_header, self.extensions = self.process_extensions(
+            request_headers, available_extensions
+        )
+
+        protocol_header = self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(
+            request_headers, available_subprotocols
+        )
+
+        response_headers = Headers()
+
+        build_response(response_headers, key)
+
+        if extensions_header is not None:
+            response_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = extensions_header
+
+        if protocol_header is not None:
+            response_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocol_header
+
+        if callable(extra_headers):
+            extra_headers = extra_headers(path, self.request_headers)
+        if extra_headers is not None:
+            response_headers.update(extra_headers)
+
+        response_headers.setdefault("Date", email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True))
+        if self.server_header is not None:
+            response_headers.setdefault("Server", self.server_header)
+
+        self.write_http_response(http.HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, response_headers)
+
+        self.logger.info("connection open")
+
+        self.connection_open()
+
+        return path
+
+
+class WebSocketServer:
+    """
+    WebSocket server returned by :func:`serve`.
+
+    This class mirrors the API of :class:`~asyncio.Server`.
+
+    It keeps track of WebSocket connections in order to close them properly
+    when shutting down.
+
+    Args:
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, logger: LoggerLike | None = None) -> None:
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        self.logger = logger
+
+        # Keep track of active connections.
+        self.websockets: set[WebSocketServerProtocol] = set()
+
+        # Task responsible for closing the server and terminating connections.
+        self.close_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the server is closed and connections are terminated.
+        self.closed_waiter: asyncio.Future[None]
+
+    def wrap(self, server: asyncio.base_events.Server) -> None:
+        """
+        Attach to a given :class:`~asyncio.Server`.
+
+        Since :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` doesn't support injecting a
+        custom ``Server`` class, the easiest solution that doesn't rely on
+        private :mod:`asyncio` APIs is to:
+
+        - instantiate a :class:`WebSocketServer`
+        - give the protocol factory a reference to that instance
+        - call :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` with the factory
+        - attach the resulting :class:`~asyncio.Server` with this method
+
+        """
+        self.server = server
+        for sock in server.sockets:
+            if sock.family == socket.AF_INET:
+                name = "%s:%d" % sock.getsockname()
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_INET6:
+                name = "[%s]:%d" % sock.getsockname()[:2]
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+                name = sock.getsockname()
+            # In the unlikely event that someone runs websockets over a
+            # protocol other than IP or Unix sockets, avoid crashing.
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                name = str(sock.getsockname())
+            self.logger.info("server listening on %s", name)
+
+        # Initialized here because we need a reference to the event loop.
+        # This could be moved back to __init__ now that Python < 3.10 isn't
+        # supported anymore, but I'm not taking that risk in legacy code.
+        self.closed_waiter = server.get_loop().create_future()
+
+    def register(self, protocol: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        """
+        Register a connection with this server.
+
+        """
+        self.websockets.add(protocol)
+
+    def unregister(self, protocol: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        """
+        Unregister a connection with this server.
+
+        """
+        self.websockets.remove(protocol)
+
+    def close(self, close_connections: bool = True) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the server.
+
+        * Close the underlying :class:`~asyncio.Server`.
+        * When ``close_connections`` is :obj:`True`, which is the default,
+          close existing connections. Specifically:
+
+          * Reject opening WebSocket connections with an HTTP 503 (service
+            unavailable) error. This happens when the server accepted the TCP
+            connection but didn't complete the opening handshake before closing.
+          * Close open WebSocket connections with close code 1001 (going away).
+
+        * Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent.
+
+        """
+        if self.close_task is None:
+            self.close_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._close(close_connections)
+            )
+
+    async def _close(self, close_connections: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Implementation of :meth:`close`.
+
+        This calls :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` on the underlying
+        :class:`~asyncio.Server` object to stop accepting new connections and
+        then closes open connections with close code 1001.
+
+        """
+        self.logger.info("server closing")
+
+        # Stop accepting new connections.
+        self.server.close()
+
+        # Wait until all accepted connections reach connection_made() and call
+        # register(). See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/79033 for
+        # details. This workaround can be removed when dropping Python < 3.11.
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        if close_connections:
+            # Close OPEN connections with close code 1001. After server.close(),
+            # handshake() closes OPENING connections with an HTTP 503 error.
+            close_tasks = [
+                asyncio.create_task(websocket.close(1001))
+                for websocket in self.websockets
+                if websocket.state is not State.CONNECTING
+            ]
+            # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+            if close_tasks:
+                await asyncio.wait(close_tasks)
+
+        # Wait until all TCP connections are closed.
+        await self.server.wait_closed()
+
+        # Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+        # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+        if self.websockets:
+            await asyncio.wait(
+                [websocket.handler_task for websocket in self.websockets]
+            )
+
+        # Tell wait_closed() to return.
+        self.closed_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        self.logger.info("server closed")
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the server is closed.
+
+        When :meth:`wait_closed` returns, all TCP connections are closed and
+        all connection handlers have returned.
+
+        To ensure a fast shutdown, a connection handler should always be
+        awaiting at least one of:
+
+        * :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.recv`: when the connection is closed,
+          it raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK`;
+        * :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.wait_closed`: when the connection is
+          closed, it returns.
+
+        Then the connection handler is immediately notified of the shutdown;
+        it can clean up and exit.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.closed_waiter)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.get_loop`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.get_loop()
+
+    def is_serving(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.is_serving`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.is_serving()
+
+    async def start_serving(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.start_serving`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(..., start_serving=False)
+            # perform additional setup here...
+            # ... then start the server
+            await server.start_serving()
+
+        """
+        await self.server.start_serving()
+
+    async def serve_forever(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.serve_forever`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(...)
+            # this coroutine doesn't return
+            # canceling it stops the server
+            await server.serve_forever()
+
+        This is an alternative to using :func:`serve` as an asynchronous context
+        manager. Shutdown is triggered by canceling :meth:`serve_forever`
+        instead of exiting a :func:`serve` context.
+
+        """
+        await self.server.serve_forever()
+
+    @property
+    def sockets(self) -> Iterable[socket.socket]:
+        """
+        See :attr:`asyncio.Server.sockets`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.sockets
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> WebSocketServer:  # pragma: no cover
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+
+class Serve:
+    """
+    Start a WebSocket server listening on ``host`` and ``port``.
+
+    Whenever a client connects, the server creates a
+    :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`, performs the opening handshake, and
+    delegates to the connection handler, ``ws_handler``.
+
+    The handler receives the :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol` and uses it to
+    send and receive messages.
+
+    Once the handler completes, either normally or with an exception, the
+    server performs the closing handshake and closes the connection.
+
+    Awaiting :func:`serve` yields a :class:`WebSocketServer`. This object
+    provides a :meth:`~WebSocketServer.close` method to shut down the server::
+
+        # set this future to exit the server
+        stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        server = await serve(...)
+        await stop
+        server.close()
+        await server.wait_closed()
+
+    :func:`serve` can be used as an asynchronous context manager. Then, the
+    server is shut down automatically when exiting the context::
+
+        # set this future to exit the server
+        stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        async with serve(...):
+            await stop
+
+    Args:
+        ws_handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`, in argument.
+        host: Network interfaces the server binds to.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        port: TCP port the server listens on.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        create_protocol: Factory for the :class:`asyncio.Protocol` managing
+            the connection. It defaults to :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`.
+            Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize connection handling.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header, for defending
+            against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. Include :obj:`None`
+            in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        extra_headers (HeadersLike | Callable[[str, Headers] | HeadersLike]):
+            Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the response. This can be
+            a :data:`~websockets.datastructures.HeadersLike` or a callable
+            taking the request path and headers in arguments and returning
+            a :data:`~websockets.datastructures.HeadersLike`.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        process_request (Callable[[str, Headers], \
+            Awaitable[tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes] | None]] | None):
+            Intercept HTTP request before the opening handshake.
+            See :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request` for details.
+        select_subprotocol: Select a subprotocol supported by the client.
+            See :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.select_subprotocol` for details.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enable TLS.
+
+    * You can set ``sock`` to a :obj:`~socket.socket` that you created
+      outside of websockets.
+
+    Returns:
+        WebSocket server.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        # The version that accepts the path in the second argument is deprecated.
+        ws_handler: (
+            Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+            | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+        ),
+        host: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        *,
+        create_protocol: Callable[..., WebSocketServerProtocol] | None = None,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLikeOrCallable | None = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[[str, Headers], Awaitable[HTTPResponse | None]] | None
+        ) = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[[Sequence[Subprotocol], Sequence[Subprotocol]], Subprotocol] | None
+        ) = None,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = None,
+        max_size: int | None = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None = 2**5,
+        read_limit: int = 2**16,
+        write_limit: int = 2**16,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Backwards compatibility: close_timeout used to be called timeout.
+        timeout: float | None = kwargs.pop("timeout", None)
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = 10
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename timeout to close_timeout", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, timeout is ignored.
+        if close_timeout is None:
+            close_timeout = timeout
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: create_protocol used to be called klass.
+        klass: type[WebSocketServerProtocol] | None = kwargs.pop("klass", None)
+        if klass is None:
+            klass = WebSocketServerProtocol
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename klass to create_protocol", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, klass is ignored.
+        if create_protocol is None:
+            create_protocol = klass
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: recv() used to return None on closed connections
+        legacy_recv: bool = kwargs.pop("legacy_recv", False)
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: the loop parameter used to be supported.
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = kwargs.pop("loop", None)
+        if _loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        else:
+            loop = _loop
+            warnings.warn("remove loop argument", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        ws_server = WebSocketServer(logger=logger)
+
+        secure = kwargs.get("ssl") is not None
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_server_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        # Help mypy and avoid this error: "type[WebSocketServerProtocol] |
+        # Callable[..., WebSocketServerProtocol]" not callable  [misc]
+        create_protocol = cast(Callable[..., WebSocketServerProtocol], create_protocol)
+        factory = functools.partial(
+            create_protocol,
+            # For backwards compatibility with 10.0 or earlier. Done here in
+            # addition to WebSocketServerProtocol to trigger the deprecation
+            # warning once per serve() call rather than once per connection.
+            remove_path_argument(ws_handler),
+            ws_server,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            secure=secure,
+            open_timeout=open_timeout,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            read_limit=read_limit,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+            loop=_loop,
+            legacy_recv=legacy_recv,
+            origins=origins,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            subprotocols=subprotocols,
+            extra_headers=extra_headers,
+            server_header=server_header,
+            process_request=process_request,
+            select_subprotocol=select_subprotocol,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+            # unix_serve(path) must not specify host and port parameters.
+            assert host is None and port is None
+            create_server = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_unix_server, factory, path, **kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            create_server = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_server, factory, host, port, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        # This is a coroutine function.
+        self._create_server = create_server
+        self.ws_server = ws_server
+
+    # async with serve(...)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> WebSocketServer:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.ws_server.close()
+        await self.ws_server.wait_closed()
+
+    # await serve(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, WebSocketServer]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> WebSocketServer:
+        server = await self._create_server()
+        self.ws_server.wrap(server)
+        return self.ws_server
+
+    # yield from serve(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+
+serve = Serve
+
+
+def unix_serve(
+    # The version that accepts the path in the second argument is deprecated.
+    ws_handler: (
+        Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+        | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+    ),
+    path: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Serve:
+    """
+    Start a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function is identical to :func:`serve`, except the ``host`` and
+    ``port`` arguments are replaced by ``path``. It is only available on Unix.
+
+    Unrecognized keyword arguments are passed the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_unix_server` method.
+
+    It's useful for deploying a server behind a reverse proxy such as nginx.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+    """
+    return serve(ws_handler, path=path, unix=True, **kwargs)
+
+
+def remove_path_argument(
+    ws_handler: (
+        Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+        | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+    ),
+) -> Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]:
+    try:
+        inspect.signature(ws_handler).bind(None)
+    except TypeError:
+        try:
+            inspect.signature(ws_handler).bind(None, "")
+        except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # ws_handler accepts neither one nor two arguments; leave it alone.
+            pass
+        else:
+            # ws_handler accepts two arguments; activate backwards compatibility.
+            warnings.warn("remove second argument of ws_handler", DeprecationWarning)
+
+            async def _ws_handler(websocket: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> Any:
+                return await cast(
+                    Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]],
+                    ws_handler,
+                )(websocket, websocket.path)
+
+            return _ws_handler
+
+    return cast(
+        Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]],
+        ws_handler,
+    )
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/protocol.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66ebbe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedError,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    InvalidState,
+    PayloadTooBig,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from .extensions import Extension
+from .frames import (
+    OK_CLOSE_CODES,
+    OP_BINARY,
+    OP_CLOSE,
+    OP_CONT,
+    OP_PING,
+    OP_PONG,
+    OP_TEXT,
+    Close,
+    CloseCode,
+    Frame,
+)
+from .http11 import Request, Response
+from .streams import StreamReader
+from .typing import BytesLike, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Protocol",
+    "Side",
+    "State",
+    "SEND_EOF",
+]
+
+Event = Request | Response | Frame
+"""Events that :meth:`~Protocol.events_received` may return."""
+
+
+class Side(enum.IntEnum):
+    """A WebSocket connection is either a server or a client."""
+
+    SERVER, CLIENT = range(2)
+
+
+SERVER = Side.SERVER
+CLIENT = Side.CLIENT
+
+
+class State(enum.IntEnum):
+    """A WebSocket connection is in one of these four states."""
+
+    CONNECTING, OPEN, CLOSING, CLOSED = range(4)
+
+
+CONNECTING = State.CONNECTING
+OPEN = State.OPEN
+CLOSING = State.CLOSING
+CLOSED = State.CLOSED
+
+
+SEND_EOF = b""
+"""Sentinel signaling that the TCP connection must be half-closed."""
+
+
+class Protocol:
+    """
+    Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket connection.
+
+    Args:
+        side: :attr:`~Side.CLIENT` or :attr:`~Side.SERVER`.
+        state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        logger: Logger for this connection; depending on ``side``,
+            defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``
+            or ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``;
+            see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        side: Side,
+        *,
+        state: State = OPEN,
+        max_size: tuple[int | None, int | None] | int | None = 2**20,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Unique identifier. For logs.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = uuid.uuid4()
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+
+        # Logger or LoggerAdapter for this connection.
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger(f"websockets.{side.name.lower()}")
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = logger
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+
+        # Track if DEBUG is enabled. Shortcut logging calls if it isn't.
+        self.debug = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+
+        # Connection side. CLIENT or SERVER.
+        self.side = side
+
+        # Connection state. Initially OPEN because subclasses handle CONNECTING.
+        self.state = state
+
+        # Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+        if isinstance(max_size, int) or max_size is None:
+            self.max_message_size, self.max_fragment_size = max_size, None
+        else:
+            self.max_message_size, self.max_fragment_size = max_size
+
+        # Current size of incoming message in bytes. Only set while reading a
+        # fragmented message i.e. a data frames with the FIN bit not set.
+        self.current_size: int | None = None
+
+        # True while sending a fragmented message i.e. a data frames with the
+        # FIN bit not set.
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = False
+
+        # WebSocket protocol parameters.
+        self.origin: Origin | None = None
+        self.extensions: list[Extension] = []
+        self.subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        # Close code and reason, set when a close frame is sent or received.
+        self.close_rcvd: Close | None = None
+        self.close_sent: Close | None = None
+        self.close_rcvd_then_sent: bool | None = None
+
+        # Track if an exception happened during the handshake.
+        self.handshake_exc: Exception | None = None
+        """
+        Exception to raise if the opening handshake failed.
+
+        :obj:`None` if the opening handshake succeeded.
+
+        """
+
+        # Track if send_eof() was called.
+        self.eof_sent = False
+
+        # Parser state.
+        self.reader = StreamReader()
+        self.events: list[Event] = []
+        self.writes: list[bytes] = []
+        self.parser = self.parse()
+        next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+        self.parser_exc: Exception | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> State:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection.
+
+        Defined in 4.1_, 4.2_, 7.1.3_, and 7.1.4_ of :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        .. _4.1: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-4.1
+        .. _4.2: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-4.2
+        .. _7.1.3: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.3
+        .. _7.1.4: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.4
+
+        """
+        return self._state
+
+    @state.setter
+    def state(self, state: State) -> None:
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is %s", state.name)
+        self._state = state
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close code received from the remote endpoint.
+
+        Defined in 7.1.5_ of :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        .. _7.1.5: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.5
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close reason  received from the remote endpoint.
+
+        Defined in 7.1.6_ of :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        .. _7.1.6: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.6
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.reason
+
+    @property
+    def close_exc(self) -> ConnectionClosed:
+        """
+        Exception to raise when trying to interact with a closed connection.
+
+        Don't raise this exception while the connection :attr:`state`
+        is :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.CLOSING`; wait until
+        it's :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.CLOSED`.
+
+        Indeed, the exception includes the close code and reason, which are
+        known only once the connection is closed.
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: If the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        assert self.state is CLOSED, "connection isn't closed yet"
+        exc_type: type[ConnectionClosed]
+        if (
+            self.close_rcvd is not None
+            and self.close_sent is not None
+            and self.close_rcvd.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+            and self.close_sent.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+        ):
+            exc_type = ConnectionClosedOK
+        else:
+            exc_type = ConnectionClosedError
+        exc: ConnectionClosed = exc_type(
+            self.close_rcvd,
+            self.close_sent,
+            self.close_rcvd_then_sent,
+        )
+        # Chain to the exception raised in the parser, if any.
+        exc.__cause__ = self.parser_exc
+        return exc
+
+    # Public methods for receiving data.
+
+    def receive_data(self, data: bytes | bytearray) -> None:
+        """
+        Receive data from the network.
+
+        After calling this method:
+
+        - You must call :meth:`data_to_send` and send this data to the network.
+        - You should call :meth:`events_received` and process resulting events.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If :meth:`receive_eof` was called earlier.
+
+        """
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    def receive_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Receive the end of the data stream from the network.
+
+        After calling this method:
+
+        - You must call :meth:`data_to_send` and send this data to the network;
+          it will return ``[b""]``, signaling the end of the stream, or ``[]``.
+        - You aren't expected to call :meth:`events_received`; it won't return
+          any new events.
+
+        :meth:`receive_eof` is idempotent.
+
+        """
+        if self.reader.eof:
+            return
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    # Public methods for sending events.
+
+    def send_continuation(self, data: BytesLike, fin: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Continuation frame`_.
+
+        .. _Continuation frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing the same kind of data
+                as the initial frame.
+            fin: FIN bit; set it to :obj:`True` if this is the last frame
+                of a fragmented message and to :obj:`False` otherwise.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a fragmented message isn't in progress.
+
+        """
+        if not self.expect_continuation_frame:
+            raise ProtocolError("unexpected continuation frame")
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = not fin
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CONT, data, fin))
+
+    def send_text(self, data: BytesLike, fin: bool = True) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Text frame`_.
+
+        .. _Text frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing text encoded with UTF-8.
+            fin: FIN bit; set it to :obj:`False` if this is the first frame of
+                a fragmented message.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a fragmented message is in progress.
+
+        """
+        if self.expect_continuation_frame:
+            raise ProtocolError("expected a continuation frame")
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = not fin
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_TEXT, data, fin))
+
+    def send_binary(self, data: BytesLike, fin: bool = True) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Binary frame`_.
+
+        .. _Binary frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing arbitrary binary data.
+            fin: FIN bit; set it to :obj:`False` if this is the first frame of
+                a fragmented message.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a fragmented message is in progress.
+
+        """
+        if self.expect_continuation_frame:
+            raise ProtocolError("expected a continuation frame")
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = not fin
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_BINARY, data, fin))
+
+    def send_close(self, code: CloseCode | int | None = None, reason: str = "") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Close frame`_.
+
+        .. _Close frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.1
+
+        Parameters:
+            code: close code.
+            reason: close reason.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the code isn't valid or if a reason is provided
+                without a code.
+
+        """
+        # While RFC 6455 doesn't rule out sending more than one close Frame,
+        # websockets is conservative in what it sends and doesn't allow that.
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        if code is None:
+            if reason != "":
+                raise ProtocolError("cannot send a reason without a code")
+            close = Close(CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD, "")
+            data = b""
+        else:
+            close = Close(code, reason)
+            data = close.serialize()
+        # 7.1.3. The WebSocket Closing Handshake is Started
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CLOSE, data))
+        # Since the state is OPEN, no close frame was received yet.
+        # As a consequence, self.close_rcvd_then_sent remains None.
+        assert self.close_rcvd is None
+        self.close_sent = close
+        self.state = CLOSING
+
+    def send_ping(self, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Ping frame`_.
+
+        .. _Ping frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing arbitrary binary data.
+
+        """
+        # RFC 6455 allows control frames after starting the closing handshake.
+        if self._state is not OPEN and self._state is not CLOSING:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_PING, data))
+
+    def send_pong(self, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Pong frame`_.
+
+        .. _Pong frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing arbitrary binary data.
+
+        """
+        # RFC 6455 allows control frames after starting the closing handshake.
+        if self._state is not OPEN and self._state is not CLOSING:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_PONG, data))
+
+    def fail(self, code: CloseCode | int, reason: str = "") -> None:
+        """
+        `Fail the WebSocket connection`_.
+
+        .. _Fail the WebSocket connection:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.7
+
+        Parameters:
+            code: close code
+            reason: close reason
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the code isn't valid.
+        """
+        # 7.1.7. Fail the WebSocket Connection
+
+        # Send a close frame when the state is OPEN (a close frame was already
+        # sent if it's CLOSING), except when failing the connection because
+        # of an error reading from or writing to the network.
+        if self.state is OPEN:
+            if code != CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE:
+                close = Close(code, reason)
+                data = close.serialize()
+                self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CLOSE, data))
+                self.close_sent = close
+                # If recv_messages() raised an exception upon receiving a close
+                # frame but before echoing it, then close_rcvd is not None even
+                # though the state is OPEN. This happens when the connection is
+                # closed while receiving a fragmented message.
+                if self.close_rcvd is not None:
+                    self.close_rcvd_then_sent = True
+                self.state = CLOSING
+
+        # When failing the connection, a server closes the TCP connection
+        # without waiting for the client to complete the handshake, while a
+        # client waits for the server to close the TCP connection, possibly
+        # after sending a close frame that the client will ignore.
+        if self.side is SERVER and not self.eof_sent:
+            self.send_eof()
+
+        # 7.1.7. Fail the WebSocket Connection "An endpoint MUST NOT continue
+        # to attempt to process data(including a responding Close frame) from
+        # the remote endpoint after being instructed to _Fail the WebSocket
+        # Connection_."
+        self.parser = self.discard()
+        next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+
+    # Public method for getting incoming events after receiving data.
+
+    def events_received(self) -> list[Event]:
+        """
+        Fetch events generated from data received from the network.
+
+        Call this method immediately after any of the ``receive_*()`` methods.
+
+        Process resulting events, likely by passing them to the application.
+
+        Returns:
+            Events read from the connection.
+        """
+        events, self.events = self.events, []
+        return events
+
+    # Public method for getting outgoing data after receiving data or sending events.
+
+    def data_to_send(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        """
+        Obtain data to send to the network.
+
+        Call this method immediately after any of the ``receive_*()``,
+        ``send_*()``, or :meth:`fail` methods.
+
+        Write resulting data to the connection.
+
+        The empty bytestring :data:`~websockets.protocol.SEND_EOF` signals
+        the end of the data stream. When you receive it, half-close the TCP
+        connection.
+
+        Returns:
+            Data to write to the connection.
+
+        """
+        writes, self.writes = self.writes, []
+        return writes
+
+    def close_expected(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Tell if the TCP connection is expected to close soon.
+
+        Call this method immediately after any of the ``receive_*()``,
+        ``send_close()``, or :meth:`fail` methods.
+
+        If it returns :obj:`True`, schedule closing the TCP connection after a
+        short timeout if the other side hasn't already closed it.
+
+        Returns:
+            Whether the TCP connection is expected to close soon.
+
+        """
+        # During the opening handshake, when our state is CONNECTING, we expect
+        # a TCP close if and only if the hansdake fails. When it does, we start
+        # the TCP closing handshake by sending EOF with send_eof().
+
+        # Once the opening handshake completes successfully, we expect a TCP
+        # close if and only if we sent a close frame, meaning that our state
+        # progressed to CLOSING:
+
+        # * Normal closure: once we send a close frame, we expect a TCP close:
+        #   server waits for client to complete the TCP closing handshake;
+        #   client waits for server to initiate the TCP closing handshake.
+
+        # * Abnormal closure: we always send a close frame and the same logic
+        #   applies, except on EOFError where we don't send a close frame
+        #   because we already received the TCP close, so we don't expect it.
+
+        # If our state is CLOSED, we already received a TCP close so we don't
+        # expect it anymore.
+
+        # Micro-optimization: put the most common case first
+        if self.state is OPEN:
+            return False
+        if self.state is CLOSING:
+            return True
+        if self.state is CLOSED:
+            return False
+        assert self.state is CONNECTING
+        return self.eof_sent
+
+    # Private methods for receiving data.
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Parse incoming data into frames.
+
+        :meth:`receive_data` and :meth:`receive_eof` run this generator
+        coroutine until it needs more data or reaches EOF.
+
+        :meth:`parse` never raises an exception. Instead, it sets the
+        :attr:`parser_exc` and yields control.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                if (yield from self.reader.at_eof()):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("< EOF")
+                    # If the WebSocket connection is closed cleanly, with a
+                    # closing handhshake, recv_frame() substitutes parse()
+                    # with discard(). This branch is reached only when the
+                    # connection isn't closed cleanly.
+                    raise EOFError("unexpected end of stream")
+
+                max_size = None
+
+                if self.max_message_size is not None:
+                    if self.current_size is None:
+                        max_size = self.max_message_size
+                    else:
+                        max_size = self.max_message_size - self.current_size
+
+                if self.max_fragment_size is not None:
+                    if max_size is None:
+                        max_size = self.max_fragment_size
+                    else:
+                        max_size = min(max_size, self.max_fragment_size)
+
+                # During a normal closure, execution ends here on the next
+                # iteration of the loop after receiving a close frame. At
+                # this point, recv_frame() replaced parse() by discard().
+                frame = yield from Frame.parse(
+                    self.reader.read_exact,
+                    mask=self.side is SERVER,
+                    max_size=max_size,
+                    extensions=self.extensions,
+                )
+
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("< %s", frame)
+
+                self.recv_frame(frame)
+
+        except ProtocolError as exc:
+            self.fail(CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, str(exc))
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            self.fail(CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE, str(exc))
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            self.fail(CloseCode.INVALID_DATA, f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}")
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except PayloadTooBig as exc:
+            exc.set_current_size(self.current_size)
+            self.fail(CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG, str(exc))
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self.logger.error("parser failed", exc_info=True)
+            # Don't include exception details, which may be security-sensitive.
+            self.fail(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        # During an abnormal closure, execution ends here after catching an
+        # exception. At this point, fail() replaced parse() by discard().
+        yield
+        raise AssertionError("parse() shouldn't step after error")
+
+    def discard(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Discard incoming data.
+
+        This coroutine replaces :meth:`parse`:
+
+        - after receiving a close frame, during a normal closure (1.4);
+        - after sending a close frame, during an abnormal closure (7.1.7).
+
+        """
+        # After the opening handshake completes, the server closes the TCP
+        # connection in the same circumstances where discard() replaces parse().
+        # The client closes it when it receives EOF from the server or times
+        # out. (The latter case cannot be handled in this Sans-I/O layer.)
+        assert (self.side is SERVER or self.state is CONNECTING) == (self.eof_sent)
+        while not (yield from self.reader.at_eof()):
+            self.reader.discard()
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< EOF")
+        # A server closes the TCP connection immediately, while a client
+        # waits for the server to close the TCP connection.
+        if self.side is CLIENT and self.state is not CONNECTING:
+            self.send_eof()
+        self.state = CLOSED
+        # If discard() completes normally, execution ends here.
+        yield
+        # Once the reader reaches EOF, its feed_data/eof() methods raise an
+        # error, so our receive_data/eof() methods don't step the generator.
+        raise AssertionError("discard() shouldn't step after EOF")
+
+    def recv_frame(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """
+        Process an incoming frame.
+
+        """
+        if frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY:
+            if self.current_size is not None:
+                raise ProtocolError("expected a continuation frame")
+            if not frame.fin:
+                self.current_size = len(frame.data)
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_CONT:
+            if self.current_size is None:
+                raise ProtocolError("unexpected continuation frame")
+            if frame.fin:
+                self.current_size = None
+            else:
+                self.current_size += len(frame.data)
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_PING:
+            # 5.5.2. Ping: "Upon receipt of a Ping frame, an endpoint MUST
+            # send a Pong frame in response"
+            pong_frame = Frame(OP_PONG, frame.data)
+            self.send_frame(pong_frame)
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_PONG:
+            # 5.5.3 Pong: "A response to an unsolicited Pong frame is not
+            # expected."
+            pass
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_CLOSE:
+            # 7.1.5.  The WebSocket Connection Close Code
+            # 7.1.6.  The WebSocket Connection Close Reason
+            self.close_rcvd = Close.parse(frame.data)
+            if self.state is CLOSING:
+                assert self.close_sent is not None
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent = False
+
+            if self.current_size is not None:
+                raise ProtocolError("incomplete fragmented message")
+
+            # 5.5.1 Close: "If an endpoint receives a Close frame and did
+            # not previously send a Close frame, the endpoint MUST send a
+            # Close frame in response. (When sending a Close frame in
+            # response, the endpoint typically echos the status code it
+            # received.)"
+
+            if self.state is OPEN:
+                # Echo the original data instead of re-serializing it with
+                # Close.serialize() because that fails when the close frame
+                # is empty and Close.parse() synthesizes a 1005 close code.
+                # The rest is identical to send_close().
+                self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CLOSE, frame.data))
+                self.close_sent = self.close_rcvd
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent = True
+                self.state = CLOSING
+
+            # 7.1.2. Start the WebSocket Closing Handshake: "Once an
+            # endpoint has both sent and received a Close control frame,
+            # that endpoint SHOULD _Close the WebSocket Connection_"
+
+            # A server closes the TCP connection immediately, while a client
+            # waits for the server to close the TCP connection.
+            if self.side is SERVER:
+                self.send_eof()
+
+            # 1.4. Closing Handshake: "after receiving a control frame
+            # indicating the connection should be closed, a peer discards
+            # any further data received."
+            # RFC 6455 allows reading Ping and Pong frames after a Close frame.
+            # However, that doesn't seem useful; websockets doesn't support it.
+            self.parser = self.discard()
+            next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+
+        else:
+            # This can't happen because Frame.parse() validates opcodes.
+            raise AssertionError(f"unexpected opcode: {frame.opcode:02x}")
+
+        self.events.append(frame)
+
+    # Private methods for sending events.
+
+    def send_frame(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> %s", frame)
+        self.writes.append(
+            frame.serialize(
+                mask=self.side is CLIENT,
+                extensions=self.extensions,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        assert not self.eof_sent
+        self.eof_sent = True
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> EOF")
+        self.writes.append(SEND_EOF)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/proxy.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a343b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .exceptions import InvalidProxy
+from .headers import build_authorization_basic, build_host
+from .http11 import USER_AGENT
+from .uri import DELIMS, WebSocketURI
+
+
+__all__ = ["get_proxy", "parse_proxy", "Proxy"]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Proxy:
+    """
+    Proxy address.
+
+    Attributes:
+        scheme: ``"socks5h"``, ``"socks5"``, ``"socks4a"``, ``"socks4"``,
+            ``"https"``, or ``"http"``.
+        host: Normalized to lower case.
+        port: Always set even if it's the default.
+        username: Available when the proxy address contains `User Information`_.
+        password: Available when the proxy address contains `User Information`_.
+
+    .. _User Information: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.1
+
+    """
+
+    scheme: str
+    host: str
+    port: int
+    username: str | None = None
+    password: str | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def user_info(self) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.username is None:
+            return None
+        assert self.password is not None
+        return (self.username, self.password)
+
+
+def parse_proxy(proxy: str) -> Proxy:
+    """
+    Parse and validate a proxy.
+
+    Args:
+        proxy: proxy.
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed proxy.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidProxy: If ``proxy`` isn't a valid proxy.
+
+    """
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(proxy)
+    if parsed.scheme not in ["socks5h", "socks5", "socks4a", "socks4", "https", "http"]:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, f"scheme {parsed.scheme} isn't supported")
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "hostname isn't provided")
+    if parsed.path not in ["", "/"]:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "path is meaningless")
+    if parsed.query != "":
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "query is meaningless")
+    if parsed.fragment != "":
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "fragment is meaningless")
+
+    scheme = parsed.scheme
+    host = parsed.hostname
+    port = parsed.port or (443 if parsed.scheme == "https" else 80)
+    username = parsed.username
+    password = parsed.password
+    # urllib.parse.urlparse accepts URLs with a username but without a
+    # password. This doesn't make sense for HTTP Basic Auth credentials.
+    if username is not None and password is None:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "username provided without password")
+
+    try:
+        proxy.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        # Input contains non-ASCII characters.
+        # It must be an IRI. Convert it to a URI.
+        host = host.encode("idna").decode()
+        if username is not None:
+            assert password is not None
+            username = urllib.parse.quote(username, safe=DELIMS)
+            password = urllib.parse.quote(password, safe=DELIMS)
+
+    return Proxy(scheme, host, port, username, password)
+
+
+def get_proxy(uri: WebSocketURI) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Return the proxy to use for connecting to the given WebSocket URI, if any.
+
+    """
+    if urllib.request.proxy_bypass(f"{uri.host}:{uri.port}"):
+        return None
+
+    # According to the _Proxy Usage_ section of RFC 6455, use a SOCKS5 proxy if
+    # available, else favor the proxy for HTTPS connections over the proxy for
+    # HTTP connections.
+
+    # The priority of a proxy for WebSocket connections is unspecified. We give
+    # it the highest priority. This makes it easy to configure a specific proxy
+    # for websockets.
+
+    # getproxies() may return SOCKS proxies as {"socks": "http://host:port"} or
+    # as {"https": "socks5h://host:port"} depending on whether they're declared
+    # in the operating system or in environment variables.
+
+    proxies = urllib.request.getproxies()
+    if uri.secure:
+        schemes = ["wss", "socks", "https"]
+    else:
+        schemes = ["ws", "socks", "https", "http"]
+
+    for scheme in schemes:
+        proxy = proxies.get(scheme)
+        if proxy is not None:
+            if scheme == "socks" and proxy.startswith("http://"):
+                proxy = "socks5h://" + proxy[7:]
+            return proxy
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def prepare_connect_request(
+    proxy: Proxy,
+    ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+) -> bytes:
+    host = build_host(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, ws_uri.secure, always_include_port=True)
+    headers = Headers()
+    headers["Host"] = build_host(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, ws_uri.secure)
+    if user_agent_header is not None:
+        headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent_header
+    if proxy.username is not None:
+        assert proxy.password is not None  # enforced by parse_proxy()
+        headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(
+            proxy.username, proxy.password
+        )
+    # We cannot use the Request class because it supports only GET requests.
+    return f"CONNECT {host} HTTP/1.1\r\n".encode() + headers.serialize()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/py.typed b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/server.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de2c635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import email.utils
+import http
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
+from .exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidHeaderValue,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidOrigin,
+    InvalidUpgrade,
+    NegotiationError,
+)
+from .extensions import Extension, ServerExtensionFactory
+from .headers import (
+    build_extension,
+    parse_connection,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    parse_upgrade,
+)
+from .http11 import Request, Response
+from .imports import lazy_import
+from .protocol import CONNECTING, OPEN, SERVER, Protocol, State
+from .typing import (
+    ConnectionOption,
+    ExtensionHeader,
+    LoggerLike,
+    Origin,
+    StatusLike,
+    Subprotocol,
+    UpgradeProtocol,
+)
+from .utils import accept_key
+
+
+__all__ = ["ServerProtocol"]
+
+
+class ServerProtocol(Protocol):
+    """
+    Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket server connection.
+
+    Args:
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header. Values can be
+            :class:`str` to test for an exact match or regular expressions
+            compiled by :func:`re.compile` to test against a pattern. Include
+            :obj:`None` in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+            This is useful for defending against Cross-Site WebSocket
+            Hijacking attacks.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be tried.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        select_subprotocol: Callback for selecting a subprotocol among
+            those supported by the client and the server. It has the same
+            signature as the :meth:`select_subprotocol` method, including a
+            :class:`ServerProtocol` instance as first argument.
+        state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        logger: Logger for this connection;
+            defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``;
+            see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | re.Pattern[str] | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerProtocol, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                Subprotocol | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        state: State = CONNECTING,
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            side=SERVER,
+            state=state,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        self.origins = origins
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        if select_subprotocol is not None:
+            # Bind select_subprotocol then shadow self.select_subprotocol.
+            # Use setattr to work around https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427.
+            setattr(
+                self,
+                "select_subprotocol",
+                select_subprotocol.__get__(self, self.__class__),
+            )
+
+    def accept(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a handshake response to accept the connection.
+
+        If the handshake request is valid and the handshake successful,
+        :meth:`accept` returns an HTTP response with status code 101.
+
+        Else, it returns an HTTP response with another status code. This rejects
+        the connection, like :meth:`reject` would.
+
+        You must send the handshake response with :meth:`send_response`.
+
+        You may modify the response before sending it, typically by adding HTTP
+        headers.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake request received from the client.
+
+        Returns:
+            WebSocket handshake response or HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            (
+                accept_header,
+                extensions_header,
+                protocol_header,
+            ) = self.process_request(request)
+        except InvalidOrigin as exc:
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! invalid origin", exc_info=True)
+            return self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN,
+                f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n",
+            )
+        except InvalidUpgrade as exc:
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! invalid upgrade", exc_info=True)
+            response = self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UPGRADE_REQUIRED,
+                (
+                    f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n"
+                    f"\n"
+                    f"You cannot access a WebSocket server directly "
+                    f"with a browser. You need a WebSocket client.\n"
+                ),
+            )
+            response.headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+            return response
+        except InvalidHandshake as exc:
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! invalid handshake", exc_info=True)
+            exc_chain = cast(BaseException, exc)
+            exc_str = f"{exc_chain}"
+            while exc_chain.__cause__ is not None:
+                exc_chain = exc_chain.__cause__
+                exc_str += f"; {exc_chain}"
+            return self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+                f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc_str}.\n",
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Handle exceptions raised by user-provided select_subprotocol and
+            # unexpected errors.
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            self.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+            return self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                (
+                    "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                    "See server log for more information.\n"
+                ),
+            )
+
+        headers = Headers()
+        headers["Date"] = email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True)
+        headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+        headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+        headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"] = accept_header
+        if extensions_header is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = extensions_header
+        if protocol_header is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocol_header
+        return Response(101, "Switching Protocols", headers)
+
+    def process_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> tuple[str, str | None, str | None]:
+        """
+        Check a handshake request and negotiate extensions and subprotocol.
+
+        This function doesn't verify that the request is an HTTP/1.1 or higher
+        GET request and doesn't check the ``Host`` header. These controls are
+        usually performed earlier in the HTTP request handling code. They're
+        the responsibility of the caller.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake request received from the client.
+
+        Returns:
+            ``Sec-WebSocket-Accept``, ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions``, and
+            ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` headers for the handshake response.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake request is invalid;
+                then the server must return 400 Bad Request error.
+
+        """
+        headers = request.headers
+
+        connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+            [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+        )
+        if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade(
+                "Connection", ", ".join(connection) if connection else None
+            )
+
+        upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+            [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+        )
+        # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+        # checking the Upgrade header. The RFC always uses "websocket", except
+        # in section 11.2. (IANA registration) where it uses "WebSocket".
+        if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade) if upgrade else None)
+
+        try:
+            key = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key") from None
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key", "multiple values") from None
+        try:
+            raw_key = base64.b64decode(key.encode(), validate=True)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", key) from exc
+        if len(raw_key) != 16:
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", key)
+        accept_header = accept_key(key)
+
+        try:
+            version = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version") from None
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version", "multiple values") from None
+        if version != "13":
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Version", version)
+
+        self.origin = self.process_origin(headers)
+        extensions_header, self.extensions = self.process_extensions(headers)
+        protocol_header = self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(headers)
+
+        return (accept_header, extensions_header, protocol_header)
+
+    def process_origin(self, headers: Headers) -> Origin | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Origin HTTP request header.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+           origin, if it is acceptable.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the Origin header is invalid.
+            InvalidOrigin: If the origin isn't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        # "The user agent MUST NOT include more than one Origin header field"
+        # per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6454#section-7.3.
+        try:
+            origin = headers.get("Origin")
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Origin", "multiple values") from None
+        if origin is not None:
+            origin = cast(Origin, origin)
+        if self.origins is not None:
+            for origin_or_regex in self.origins:
+                if origin_or_regex == origin or (
+                    isinstance(origin_or_regex, re.Pattern)
+                    and origin is not None
+                    and origin_or_regex.fullmatch(origin) is not None
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise InvalidOrigin(origin)
+        return origin
+
+    def process_extensions(
+        self,
+        headers: Headers,
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, list[Extension]]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP request header.
+
+        Accept or reject each extension proposed in the client request.
+        Negotiate parameters for accepted extensions.
+
+        Per :rfc:`6455`, negotiation rules are defined by the specification of
+        each extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension proposed by
+        the client, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        server configuration. If no match is found, the extension is ignored.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are proposed by the client,
+        it may be accepted several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        This process doesn't allow the server to reorder extensions. It can
+        only select a subset of the extensions proposed by the client.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` HTTP response header and list of
+            accepted extensions.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header is invalid.
+
+        """
+        response_header_value: str | None = None
+
+        extension_headers: list[ExtensionHeader] = []
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if header_values and self.available_extensions:
+            parsed_header_values: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            for name, request_params in parsed_header_values:
+                for ext_factory in self.available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if ext_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        response_params, extension = ext_factory.process_request_params(
+                            request_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    extension_headers.append((name, response_params))
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the client sent. The extension is declined.
+
+        # Serialize extension header.
+        if extension_headers:
+            response_header_value = build_extension(extension_headers)
+
+        return response_header_value, accepted_extensions
+
+    def process_subprotocol(self, headers: Headers) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP request header.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+           Subprotocol, if one was selected; this is also the value of the
+           ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` response header.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the Sec-WebSocket-Subprotocol header is invalid.
+
+        """
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum(
+            [
+                parse_subprotocol(header_value)
+                for header_value in headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+            ],
+            [],
+        )
+        return self.select_subprotocol(subprotocols)
+
+    def select_subprotocol(
+        self,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Pick a subprotocol among those offered by the client.
+
+        If several subprotocols are supported by both the client and the server,
+        pick the first one in the list declared the server.
+
+        If the server doesn't support any subprotocols, continue without a
+        subprotocol, regardless of what the client offers.
+
+        If the server supports at least one subprotocol and the client doesn't
+        offer any, abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        You provide a ``select_subprotocol`` argument to :class:`ServerProtocol`
+        to override this logic. For example, you could accept the connection
+        even if client doesn't offer a subprotocol, rather than reject it.
+
+        Here's how to negotiate the ``chat`` subprotocol if the client supports
+        it and continue without a subprotocol otherwise::
+
+            def select_subprotocol(protocol, subprotocols):
+                if "chat" in subprotocols:
+                    return "chat"
+
+        Args:
+            subprotocols: List of subprotocols offered by the client.
+
+        Returns:
+            Selected subprotocol, if a common subprotocol was found.
+
+            :obj:`None` to continue without a subprotocol.
+
+        Raises:
+            NegotiationError: Custom implementations may raise this exception
+                to abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        """
+        # Server doesn't offer any subprotocols.
+        if not self.available_subprotocols:  # None or empty list
+            return None
+
+        # Server offers at least one subprotocol but client doesn't offer any.
+        if not subprotocols:
+            raise NegotiationError("missing subprotocol")
+
+        # Server and client both offer subprotocols. Look for a shared one.
+        proposed_subprotocols = set(subprotocols)
+        for subprotocol in self.available_subprotocols:
+            if subprotocol in proposed_subprotocols:
+                return subprotocol
+
+        # No common subprotocol was found.
+        raise NegotiationError(
+            "invalid subprotocol; expected one of "
+            + ", ".join(self.available_subprotocols)
+        )
+
+    def reject(self, status: StatusLike, text: str) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a handshake response to reject the connection.
+
+        A short plain text response is the best fallback when failing to
+        establish a WebSocket connection.
+
+        You must send the handshake response with :meth:`send_response`.
+
+        You may modify the response before sending it, for example by changing
+        HTTP headers.
+
+        Args:
+            status: HTTP status code.
+            text: HTTP response body; it will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Returns:
+            HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        # If status is an int instead of an HTTPStatus, fix it automatically.
+        status = http.HTTPStatus(status)
+        body = text.encode()
+        headers = Headers(
+            [
+                ("Date", email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True)),
+                ("Connection", "close"),
+                ("Content-Length", str(len(body))),
+                ("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+            ]
+        )
+        return Response(status.value, status.phrase, headers, body)
+
+    def send_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a handshake response to the client.
+
+        Args:
+            response: WebSocket handshake response event to send.
+
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            code, phrase = response.status_code, response.reason_phrase
+            self.logger.debug("> HTTP/1.1 %d %s", code, phrase)
+            for key, value in response.headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+            if response.body:
+                self.logger.debug("> [body] (%d bytes)", len(response.body))
+
+        self.writes.append(response.serialize())
+
+        if response.status_code == 101:
+            assert self.state is CONNECTING
+            self.state = OPEN
+            self.logger.info("connection open")
+
+        else:
+            self.logger.info(
+                "connection rejected (%d %s)",
+                response.status_code,
+                response.reason_phrase,
+            )
+
+            self.send_eof()
+            self.parser = self.discard()
+            next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        if self.state is CONNECTING:
+            try:
+                request = yield from Request.parse(
+                    self.reader.read_line,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                self.handshake_exc = InvalidMessage(
+                    "did not receive a valid HTTP request"
+                )
+                self.handshake_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                self.send_eof()
+                self.parser = self.discard()
+                next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+                yield
+
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("< GET %s HTTP/1.1", request.path)
+                for key, value in request.headers.raw_items():
+                    self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+
+            self.events.append(request)
+
+        yield from super().parse()
+
+
+class ServerConnection(ServerProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02
+            "ServerConnection was renamed to ServerProtocol",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+lazy_import(
+    globals(),
+    deprecated_aliases={
+        # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+        "WebSocketServer": ".legacy.server",
+        "WebSocketServerProtocol": ".legacy.server",
+        "broadcast": ".legacy.server",
+        "serve": ".legacy.server",
+        "unix_serve": ".legacy.server",
+    },
+)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.c b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f14ba3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.c
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/* C implementation of performance sensitive functions. */
+
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <stdint.h> /* uint8_t, uint32_t, uint64_t */
+
+#if __ARM_NEON
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+#elif __SSE2__
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+static const Py_ssize_t MASK_LEN = 4;
+
+/* Similar to PyBytes_AsStringAndSize, but accepts more types */
+
+static int
+_PyBytesLike_AsStringAndSize(PyObject *obj, PyObject **tmp, char **buffer, Py_ssize_t *length)
+{
+    // This supports bytes, bytearrays, and memoryview objects,
+    // which are common data structures for handling byte streams.
+    // If *tmp isn't NULL, the caller gets a new reference.
+    if (PyBytes_Check(obj))
+    {
+        *tmp = NULL;
+        *buffer = PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj);
+        *length = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj);
+    }
+    else if (PyByteArray_Check(obj))
+    {
+        *tmp = NULL;
+        *buffer = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(obj);
+        *length = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(obj);
+    }
+    else if (PyMemoryView_Check(obj))
+    {
+        *tmp = PyMemoryView_GetContiguous(obj, PyBUF_READ, 'C');
+        if (*tmp == NULL)
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        Py_buffer *mv_buf;
+        mv_buf = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(*tmp);
+        *buffer = mv_buf->buf;
+        *length = mv_buf->len;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        PyErr_Format(
+            PyExc_TypeError,
+            "expected a bytes-like object, %.200s found",
+            Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* C implementation of websockets.utils.apply_mask */
+
+static PyObject *
+apply_mask(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+
+    // In order to support various bytes-like types, accept any Python object.
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"data", "mask", NULL};
+    PyObject *input_obj;
+    PyObject *mask_obj;
+
+    // A pointer to a char * + length will be extracted from the data and mask
+    // arguments, possibly via a Py_buffer.
+
+    PyObject *input_tmp = NULL;
+    char *input;
+    Py_ssize_t input_len;
+    PyObject *mask_tmp = NULL;
+    char *mask;
+    Py_ssize_t mask_len;
+
+    // Initialize a PyBytesObject then get a pointer to the underlying char *
+    // in order to avoid an extra memory copy in PyBytes_FromStringAndSize.
+
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    char *output;
+
+    // Other variables.
+
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+
+    // Parse inputs.
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
+            args, kwds, "OO", kwlist, &input_obj, &mask_obj))
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (_PyBytesLike_AsStringAndSize(input_obj, &input_tmp, &input, &input_len) == -1)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (_PyBytesLike_AsStringAndSize(mask_obj, &mask_tmp, &mask, &mask_len) == -1)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (mask_len != MASK_LEN)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "mask must contain 4 bytes");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Create output.
+
+    result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, input_len);
+    if (result == NULL)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Since we just created result, we don't need error checks.
+    output = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    // Perform the masking operation.
+
+    // Apparently GCC cannot figure out the following optimizations by itself.
+
+    // We need a new scope for MSVC 2010 (non C99 friendly)
+    {
+#if __ARM_NEON
+
+        // With NEON support, XOR by blocks of 16 bytes = 128 bits.
+
+        Py_ssize_t input_len_128 = input_len & ~15;
+        uint8x16_t mask_128 = vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vdupq_n_u32(*(uint32_t *)mask));
+
+        for (; i < input_len_128; i += 16)
+        {
+            uint8x16_t in_128 = vld1q_u8((uint8_t *)(input + i));
+            uint8x16_t out_128 = veorq_u8(in_128, mask_128);
+            vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)(output + i), out_128);
+        }
+
+#elif __SSE2__
+
+        // With SSE2 support, XOR by blocks of 16 bytes = 128 bits.
+
+        // Since we cannot control the 16-bytes alignment of input and output
+        // buffers, we rely on loadu/storeu rather than load/store.
+
+        Py_ssize_t input_len_128 = input_len & ~15;
+        __m128i mask_128 = _mm_set1_epi32(*(uint32_t *)mask);
+
+        for (; i < input_len_128; i += 16)
+        {
+            __m128i in_128 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(input + i));
+            __m128i out_128 = _mm_xor_si128(in_128, mask_128);
+            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(output + i), out_128);
+        }
+
+#else
+
+        // Without SSE2 support, XOR by blocks of 8 bytes = 64 bits.
+
+        // We assume the memory allocator aligns everything on 8 bytes boundaries.
+
+        Py_ssize_t input_len_64 = input_len & ~7;
+        uint32_t mask_32 = *(uint32_t *)mask;
+        uint64_t mask_64 = ((uint64_t)mask_32 << 32) | (uint64_t)mask_32;
+
+        for (; i < input_len_64; i += 8)
+        {
+            *(uint64_t *)(output + i) = *(uint64_t *)(input + i) ^ mask_64;
+        }
+
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // XOR the remainder of the input byte by byte.
+
+    for (; i < input_len; i++)
+    {
+        output[i] = input[i] ^ mask[i & (MASK_LEN - 1)];
+    }
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(input_tmp);
+    Py_XDECREF(mask_tmp);
+    return result;
+
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef speedups_methods[] = {
+    {
+        "apply_mask",
+        (PyCFunction)apply_mask,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+        "Apply masking to the data of a WebSocket message.",
+    },
+    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL},      /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef speedups_module = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "websocket.speedups",       /* m_name */
+    "C implementation of performance sensitive functions.",
+                                /* m_doc */
+    -1,                         /* m_size */
+    speedups_methods,           /* m_methods */
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit_speedups(void)
+{
+    PyObject *m = PyModule_Create(&speedups_module);
+    if (m == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
+    return m;
+}
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
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index 0000000..e1cd3ca
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.pyi b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd6c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .typing import BytesLike
+
+def apply_mask(data: BytesLike, mask: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/streams.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..309ce15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
+
+class StreamReader:
+    """
+    Generator-based stream reader.
+
+    This class doesn't support concurrent calls to :meth:`read_line`,
+    :meth:`read_exact`, or :meth:`read_to_eof`. Make sure calls are
+    serialized.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.buffer = bytearray()
+        self.eof = False
+
+    def read_line(self, m: int) -> Generator[None, None, bytearray]:
+        """
+        Read a LF-terminated line from the stream.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        The return value includes the LF character.
+
+        Args:
+            m: Maximum number bytes to read; this is a security limit.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream ends without a LF.
+            RuntimeError: If the stream ends in more than ``m`` bytes.
+
+        """
+        n = 0  # number of bytes to read
+        p = 0  # number of bytes without a newline
+        while True:
+            n = self.buffer.find(b"\n", p) + 1
+            if n > 0:
+                break
+            p = len(self.buffer)
+            if p > m:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"read {p} bytes, expected no more than {m} bytes")
+            if self.eof:
+                raise EOFError(f"stream ends after {p} bytes, before end of line")
+            yield
+        if n > m:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"read {n} bytes, expected no more than {m} bytes")
+        r = self.buffer[:n]
+        del self.buffer[:n]
+        return r
+
+    def read_exact(self, n: int) -> Generator[None, None, bytearray]:
+        """
+        Read a given number of bytes from the stream.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        Args:
+            n: How many bytes to read.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream ends in less than ``n`` bytes.
+
+        """
+        assert n >= 0
+        while len(self.buffer) < n:
+            if self.eof:
+                p = len(self.buffer)
+                raise EOFError(f"stream ends after {p} bytes, expected {n} bytes")
+            yield
+        r = self.buffer[:n]
+        del self.buffer[:n]
+        return r
+
+    def read_to_eof(self, m: int) -> Generator[None, None, bytearray]:
+        """
+        Read all bytes from the stream.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        Args:
+            m: Maximum number bytes to read; this is a security limit.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the stream ends in more than ``m`` bytes.
+
+        """
+        while not self.eof:
+            p = len(self.buffer)
+            if p > m:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"read {p} bytes, expected no more than {m} bytes")
+            yield
+        r = self.buffer[:]
+        del self.buffer[:]
+        return r
+
+    def at_eof(self) -> Generator[None, None, bool]:
+        """
+        Tell whether the stream has ended and all data was read.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            if self.buffer:
+                return False
+            if self.eof:
+                return True
+            # When all data was read but the stream hasn't ended, we can't
+            # tell if until either feed_data() or feed_eof() is called.
+            yield
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: bytes | bytearray) -> None:
+        """
+        Write data to the stream.
+
+        :meth:`feed_data` cannot be called after :meth:`feed_eof`.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Data to write.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream has ended.
+
+        """
+        if self.eof:
+            raise EOFError("stream ended")
+        self.buffer += data
+
+    def feed_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        End the stream.
+
+        :meth:`feed_eof` cannot be called more than once.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream has ended.
+
+        """
+        if self.eof:
+            raise EOFError("stream ended")
+        self.eof = True
+
+    def discard(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Discard all buffered data, but don't end the stream.
+
+        """
+        del self.buffer[:]
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/client.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3fff44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import socket
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, cast
+
+from ..client import ClientProtocol
+from ..datastructures import HeadersLike
+from ..exceptions import InvalidProxyMessage, InvalidProxyStatus, ProxyError
+from ..extensions.base import ClientExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_client_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import validate_subprotocols
+from ..http11 import USER_AGENT, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, Event
+from ..proxy import Proxy, get_proxy, parse_proxy, prepare_connect_request
+from ..streams import StreamReader
+from ..typing import BytesLike, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+from ..uri import WebSocketURI, parse_uri
+from .connection import Connection
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["connect", "unix_connect", "ClientConnection"]
+
+
+class ClientConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`threading` implementation of a WebSocket client connection.
+
+    :class:`ClientConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` methods for
+    receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports iteration to receive messages::
+
+        for message in websocket:
+            process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, and
+    ``max_queue`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`connect`.
+
+    Args:
+        socket: Socket connected to a WebSocket server.
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        protocol: ClientProtocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ClientProtocol
+        self.response_rcvd = threading.Event()
+        super().__init__(
+            socket,
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+        )
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+            self.request = self.protocol.connect()
+            if additional_headers is not None:
+                self.request.headers.update(additional_headers)
+            if user_agent_header is not None:
+                self.request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", user_agent_header)
+            self.protocol.send_request(self.request)
+
+        if not self.response_rcvd.wait(timeout):
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out while waiting for handshake response")
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a response, when the response cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # response fails the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake response.
+        if self.response is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Response)
+            self.response = event
+            self.response_rcvd.set()
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+    def recv_events(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming data from the socket and process events.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            super().recv_events()
+        finally:
+            # If the connection is closed during the handshake, unblock it.
+            self.response_rcvd.set()
+
+
+def connect(
+    uri: str,
+    *,
+    # TCP/TLS
+    sock: socket.socket | None = None,
+    ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    # WebSocket
+    origin: Origin | None = None,
+    extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+    compression: str | None = "deflate",
+    # HTTP
+    additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+    proxy: str | Literal[True] | None = True,
+    proxy_ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    proxy_server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    # Timeouts
+    open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+    ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+    close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    # Limits
+    max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+    max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    # Logging
+    logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+    create_connection: type[ClientConnection] | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> ClientConnection:
+    """
+    Connect to the WebSocket server at ``uri``.
+
+    This function returns a :class:`ClientConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    :func:`connect` may be used as a context manager::
+
+        from websockets.sync.client import connect
+
+        with connect(...) as websocket:
+            ...
+
+    The connection is closed automatically when exiting the context.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+        sock: Preexisting TCP socket. ``sock`` overrides the host and port
+            from ``uri``. You may call :func:`socket.create_connection` to
+            create a suitable TCP socket.
+        ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection.
+        server_hostname: Host name for the TLS handshake. ``server_hostname``
+            overrides the host name from ``uri``.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header, for servers that require it.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        additional_headers (HeadersLike | None): Arbitrary HTTP headers to add
+            to the handshake request.
+        user_agent_header: Value of  the ``User-Agent`` request header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        proxy: If a proxy is configured, it is used by default. Set ``proxy``
+            to :obj:`None` to disable the proxy or to the address of a proxy
+            to override the system configuration. See the :doc:`proxy docs
+            <../../topics/proxies>` for details.
+        proxy_ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the proxy connection.
+        proxy_server_hostname: Host name for the TLS handshake with the proxy.
+            ``proxy_server_hostname`` overrides the host name from ``proxy``.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        logger: Logger for this client.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ClientConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to :func:`~socket.create_connection`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+        OSError: If the TCP connection fails.
+        InvalidHandshake: If the opening handshake fails.
+        TimeoutError: If the opening handshake times out.
+
+    """
+
+    # Process parameters
+
+    # Backwards compatibility: ssl used to be called ssl_context.
+    if ssl is None and "ssl_context" in kwargs:
+        ssl = kwargs.pop("ssl_context")
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.0 - 2024-08-20
+            "ssl_context was renamed to ssl",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    ws_uri = parse_uri(uri)
+    if not ws_uri.secure and ssl is not None:
+        raise ValueError("ssl argument is incompatible with a ws:// URI")
+
+    # Private APIs for unix_connect()
+    unix: bool = kwargs.pop("unix", False)
+    path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+
+    if unix:
+        if path is None and sock is None:
+            raise ValueError("missing path argument")
+        elif path is not None and sock is not None:
+            raise ValueError("path and sock arguments are incompatible")
+
+    if subprotocols is not None:
+        validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+    if compression == "deflate":
+        extensions = enable_client_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+    elif compression is not None:
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+    if unix:
+        proxy = None
+    if sock is not None:
+        proxy = None
+    if proxy is True:
+        proxy = get_proxy(ws_uri)
+
+    # Calculate timeouts on the TCP, TLS, and WebSocket handshakes.
+    # The TCP and TLS timeouts must be set on the socket, then removed
+    # to avoid conflicting with the WebSocket timeout in handshake().
+    deadline = Deadline(open_timeout)
+
+    if create_connection is None:
+        create_connection = ClientConnection
+
+    try:
+        # Connect socket
+
+        if sock is None:
+            if unix:
+                sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+                sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+                assert path is not None  # mypy cannot figure this out
+                sock.connect(path)
+            elif proxy is not None:
+                proxy_parsed = parse_proxy(proxy)
+                if proxy_parsed.scheme[:5] == "socks":
+                    # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                    sock = connect_socks_proxy(
+                        proxy_parsed,
+                        ws_uri,
+                        deadline,
+                        # websockets is consistent with the socket module while
+                        # python_socks is consistent across implementations.
+                        local_addr=kwargs.pop("source_address", None),
+                    )
+                elif proxy_parsed.scheme[:4] == "http":
+                    # Validate the proxy_ssl argument.
+                    if proxy_parsed.scheme != "https" and proxy_ssl is not None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "proxy_ssl argument is incompatible with an http:// proxy"
+                        )
+                    # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                    sock = connect_http_proxy(
+                        proxy_parsed,
+                        ws_uri,
+                        deadline,
+                        user_agent_header=user_agent_header,
+                        ssl=proxy_ssl,
+                        server_hostname=proxy_server_hostname,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError("unsupported proxy")
+            else:
+                kwargs.setdefault("timeout", deadline.timeout())
+                sock = socket.create_connection(
+                    (ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port),
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+            sock.settimeout(None)
+
+        # Disable Nagle algorithm
+
+        if not unix:
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)
+
+        # Initialize TLS wrapper and perform TLS handshake
+
+        if ws_uri.secure:
+            if ssl is None:
+                ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
+            if server_hostname is None:
+                server_hostname = ws_uri.host
+            sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+            if proxy_ssl is None:
+                sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+            else:
+                sock_2 = SSLSSLSocket(sock, ssl, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+                # Let's pretend that sock is a socket, even though it isn't.
+                sock = cast(socket.socket, sock_2)
+            sock.settimeout(None)
+
+        # Initialize WebSocket protocol
+
+        protocol = ClientProtocol(
+            ws_uri,
+            origin=origin,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            subprotocols=subprotocols,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        # Initialize WebSocket connection
+
+        connection = create_connection(
+            sock,
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        if sock is not None:
+            sock.close()
+        raise
+
+    try:
+        connection.handshake(
+            additional_headers,
+            user_agent_header,
+            deadline.timeout(),
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        connection.close_socket()
+        connection.recv_events_thread.join()
+        raise
+
+    connection.start_keepalive()
+    return connection
+
+
+def unix_connect(
+    path: str | None = None,
+    uri: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> ClientConnection:
+    """
+    Connect to a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function accepts the same keyword arguments as :func:`connect`.
+
+    It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's mainly useful for debugging servers listening on Unix sockets.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server. ``uri`` defaults to
+            ``ws://localhost/`` or, when a ``ssl`` is provided, to
+            ``wss://localhost/``.
+
+    """
+    if uri is None:
+        # Backwards compatibility: ssl used to be called ssl_context.
+        if kwargs.get("ssl") is None and kwargs.get("ssl_context") is None:
+            uri = "ws://localhost/"
+        else:
+            uri = "wss://localhost/"
+    return connect(uri=uri, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from python_socks import ProxyType
+    from python_socks.sync import Proxy as SocksProxy
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        deadline: Deadline,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        raise ImportError("connecting through a SOCKS proxy requires python-socks")
+
+else:
+    SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES = {
+        "socks5h": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks5": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks4a": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+        "socks4": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+    }
+
+    SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS = {
+        "socks5h": True,
+        "socks5": False,
+        "socks4a": True,
+        "socks4": False,
+    }
+
+    def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        deadline: Deadline,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        """Connect via a SOCKS proxy and return the socket."""
+        socks_proxy = SocksProxy(
+            SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES[proxy.scheme],
+            proxy.host,
+            proxy.port,
+            proxy.username,
+            proxy.password,
+            SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS[proxy.scheme],
+        )
+        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", deadline.timeout())
+        # connect() is documented to raise OSError and TimeoutError.
+        # Wrap other exceptions in ProxyError, a subclass of InvalidHandshake.
+        try:
+            return socks_proxy.connect(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, **kwargs)
+        except (OSError, TimeoutError, socket.timeout):
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ProxyError("failed to connect to SOCKS proxy") from exc
+
+
+def read_connect_response(sock: socket.socket, deadline: Deadline) -> Response:
+    reader = StreamReader()
+    parser = Response.parse(
+        reader.read_line,
+        reader.read_exact,
+        reader.read_to_eof,
+        proxy=True,
+    )
+    try:
+        while True:
+            sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+            data = sock.recv(4096)
+            if data:
+                reader.feed_data(data)
+            else:
+                reader.feed_eof()
+            next(parser)
+    except StopIteration as exc:
+        assert isinstance(exc.value, Response)  # help mypy
+        response = exc.value
+        if 200 <= response.status_code < 300:
+            return response
+        else:
+            raise InvalidProxyStatus(response)
+    except socket.timeout:
+        raise TimeoutError("timed out while connecting to HTTP proxy")
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise InvalidProxyMessage(
+            "did not receive a valid HTTP response from proxy"
+        ) from exc
+    finally:
+        sock.settimeout(None)
+
+
+def connect_http_proxy(
+    proxy: Proxy,
+    ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+    deadline: Deadline,
+    *,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = None,
+    ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    # Connect socket
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("timeout", deadline.timeout())
+    sock = socket.create_connection((proxy.host, proxy.port), **kwargs)
+
+    # Initialize TLS wrapper and perform TLS handshake
+
+    if proxy.scheme == "https":
+        if ssl is None:
+            ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
+        if server_hostname is None:
+            server_hostname = proxy.host
+        sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+        sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+        sock.settimeout(None)
+
+    # Send CONNECT request to the proxy and read response.
+
+    sock.sendall(prepare_connect_request(proxy, ws_uri, user_agent_header))
+    try:
+        read_connect_response(sock, deadline)
+    except Exception:
+        sock.close()
+        raise
+
+    return sock
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., T])
+
+
+class SSLSSLSocket:
+    """
+    Socket-like object providing TLS-in-TLS.
+
+    Only methods that are used by websockets are implemented.
+
+    """
+
+    recv_bufsize = 65536
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        ssl_context: ssl_module.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.incoming = ssl_module.MemoryBIO()
+        self.outgoing = ssl_module.MemoryBIO()
+        self.ssl_socket = sock
+        self.ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            self.incoming,
+            self.outgoing,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+        )
+        self.run_io(self.ssl_object.do_handshake)
+
+    def run_io(self, func: Callable[..., T], *args: Any) -> T:
+        while True:
+            want_read = False
+            want_write = False
+            try:
+                result = func(*args)
+            except ssl_module.SSLWantReadError:
+                want_read = True
+            except ssl_module.SSLWantWriteError:  # pragma: no cover
+                want_write = True
+
+            # Write outgoing data in all cases.
+            data = self.outgoing.read()
+            if data:
+                self.ssl_socket.sendall(data)
+
+            # Read incoming data and retry on SSLWantReadError.
+            if want_read:
+                data = self.ssl_socket.recv(self.recv_bufsize)
+                if data:
+                    self.incoming.write(data)
+                else:
+                    self.incoming.write_eof()
+                continue
+            # Retry after writing outgoing data on SSLWantWriteError.
+            if want_write:  # pragma: no cover
+                continue
+            # Return result if no error happened.
+            return result
+
+    def recv(self, buflen: int) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.run_io(self.ssl_object.read, buflen)
+        except ssl_module.SSLEOFError:
+            return b""  # always ignore ragged EOFs
+
+    def send(self, data: BytesLike) -> int:
+        return self.run_io(self.ssl_object.write, data)
+
+    def sendall(self, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        # adapted from ssl_module.SSLSocket.sendall()
+        count = 0
+        with memoryview(data) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
+            amount = len(byte_view)
+            while count < amount:
+                count += self.send(byte_view[count:])
+
+    # recv_into(), recvfrom(), recvfrom_into(), sendto(), unwrap(), and the
+    # flags argument aren't implemented because websockets doesn't need them.
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.ssl_socket, name)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/connection.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..665f478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import random
+import socket
+import struct
+import threading
+import time
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConcurrencyError,
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..frames import DATA_OPCODES, CloseCode, Frame, Opcode
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CLOSED, OPEN, Event, Protocol, State
+from ..typing import BytesLike, Data, DataLike, LoggerLike, Subprotocol
+from .messages import Assembler
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["Connection"]
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """
+    :mod:`threading` implementation of a WebSocket connection.
+
+    :class:`Connection` provides APIs shared between WebSocket servers and
+    clients.
+
+    You shouldn't use it directly. Instead, use
+    :class:`~websockets.sync.client.ClientConnection` or
+    :class:`~websockets.sync.server.ServerConnection`.
+
+    """
+
+    recv_bufsize = 65536
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        protocol: Protocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.ping_interval = ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = ping_timeout
+        self.close_timeout = close_timeout
+        if isinstance(max_queue, int) or max_queue is None:
+            max_queue_high, max_queue_low = max_queue, None
+        else:
+            max_queue_high, max_queue_low = max_queue
+
+        # Inject reference to this instance in the protocol's logger.
+        self.protocol.logger = logging.LoggerAdapter(
+            self.protocol.logger,
+            {"websocket": self},
+        )
+
+        # Copy attributes from the protocol for convenience.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = self.protocol.id
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = self.protocol.logger
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+        self.debug = self.protocol.debug
+
+        # HTTP handshake request and response.
+        self.request: Request | None = None
+        """Opening handshake request."""
+        self.response: Response | None = None
+        """Opening handshake response."""
+
+        # Mutex serializing interactions with the protocol.
+        self.protocol_mutex = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Lock stopping reads when the assembler buffer is full.
+        self.recv_flow_control = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Assembler turning frames into messages and serializing reads.
+        self.recv_messages = Assembler(
+            max_queue_high,
+            max_queue_low,
+            pause=self.recv_flow_control.acquire,
+            resume=self.recv_flow_control.release,
+        )
+
+        # Deadline for the closing handshake.
+        self.close_deadline: Deadline | None = None
+
+        # Whether we are busy sending a fragmented message.
+        self.send_in_progress = False
+
+        # Mapping of ping IDs to pong waiters, in chronological order.
+        self.pending_pings: dict[bytes, tuple[threading.Event, float, bool]] = {}
+
+        self.latency: float = 0.0
+        """
+        Latency of the connection, in seconds.
+
+        Latency is defined as the round-trip time of the connection. It is
+        measured by sending a Ping frame and waiting for a matching Pong frame.
+        Before the first measurement, :attr:`latency` is ``0.0``.
+
+        By default, websockets enables a :ref:`keepalive <keepalive>` mechanism
+        that sends Ping frames automatically at regular intervals. You can also
+        send Ping frames and measure latency with :meth:`ping`.
+        """
+
+        # Thread that sends keepalive pings. None when ping_interval is None.
+        self.keepalive_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+
+        # Exception raised while reading from the connection, to be chained to
+        # ConnectionClosed in order to show why the TCP connection dropped.
+        self.recv_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Receiving events from the socket. This thread is marked as daemon to
+        # allow creating a connection in a non-daemon thread and using it in a
+        # daemon thread. This mustn't prevent the interpreter from exiting.
+        self.recv_events_thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=self.recv_events,
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+
+        # Start recv_events only after all attributes are initialized.
+        self.recv_events_thread.start()
+
+    # Public attributes
+
+    @property
+    def local_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Local address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.getsockname()
+
+    @property
+    def remote_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Remote address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.getpeername()
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> State:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should call :meth:`~recv` or
+        :meth:`send` and handle :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`
+        exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.state
+
+    @property
+    def subprotocol(self) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Subprotocol negotiated during the opening handshake.
+
+        :obj:`None` if no subprotocol was negotiated.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.subprotocol
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_reason
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Iterate on incoming messages.
+
+        The iterator calls :meth:`recv` and yields messages in an infinite loop.
+
+        It exits when the connection is closed normally. It raises a
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` exception after a
+        protocol error or a network failure.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return
+
+    # This overload structure is required to avoid the error:
+    # "parameter without a default follows parameter with a default"
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[False]
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None
+    ) -> Data: ...
+
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Receive the next message.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`recv` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal closure
+        and :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure. This is how you detect the end of the
+        message stream.
+
+        If ``timeout`` is :obj:`None`, block until a message is received. If
+        ``timeout`` is set, wait up to ``timeout`` seconds for a message to be
+        received and return it, else raise :exc:`TimeoutError`. If ``timeout``
+        is ``0`` or negative, check if a message has been received already and
+        return it, else raise :exc:`TimeoutError`.
+
+        When the message is fragmented, :meth:`recv` waits until all fragments
+        are received, reassembles them, and returns the whole message.
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: Timeout for receiving a message in seconds.
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            A string (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or a bytestring
+            (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              return a bytestring (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed, for example if the message contains
+              JSON and you're using a JSON library that expects a bytestring.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              return strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two threads call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.recv_messages.get(timeout, decode)
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv while another thread "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        self.recv_events_thread.join()
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> Iterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> Iterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]: ...
+
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Receive the next message frame by frame.
+
+        This method is designed for receiving fragmented messages. It returns an
+        iterator that yields each fragment as it is received. This iterator must
+        be fully consumed. Else, future calls to :meth:`recv` or
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` will raise
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConcurrencyError`, making the connection
+        unusable.
+
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` raises the same exceptions as :meth:`recv`.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            An iterator of strings (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or
+            bytestrings (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              yield bytestrings (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              yield strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two threads call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            yield from self.recv_messages.get_iter(decode)
+            return
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv_streaming while another thread "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        self.recv_events_thread.join()
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        message: DataLike | Iterable[DataLike],
+        text: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a message.
+
+        A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or
+        bytes-like object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or
+        :class:`memoryview`) is sent as a Binary_ frame.
+
+        .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+        .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        You may override this behavior with the ``text`` argument:
+
+        * Set ``text=True`` to send an UTF-8 bytestring or bytes-like object
+          (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) in a
+          Text_ frame. This improves performance when the message is already
+          UTF-8 encoded, for example if the message contains JSON and you're
+          using a JSON library that produces a bytestring.
+        * Set ``text=False`` to send a string (:class:`str`) in a Binary_
+          frame. This may be useful for servers that expect binary frames
+          instead of text frames.
+
+        :meth:`send` also accepts an iterable of strings, bytestrings, or
+        bytes-like objects to enable fragmentation_. Each item is treated as a
+        message fragment and sent in its own frame. All items must be of the
+        same type, or else :meth:`send` will raise a :exc:`TypeError` and the
+        connection will be closed.
+
+        .. _fragmentation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.4
+
+        :meth:`send` rejects dict-like objects because this is often an error.
+        (If you really want to send the keys of a dict-like object as fragments,
+        call its :meth:`~dict.keys` method and pass the result to :meth:`send`.)
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`send` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it
+        raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to send.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If the connection is sending a fragmented message.
+            TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+        """
+        # Unfragmented message -- this case must be handled first because
+        # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
+
+        if isinstance(message, str):
+            with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress:
+                    raise ConcurrencyError(
+                        "cannot call send while another thread is already running send"
+                    )
+                if text is False:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message.encode())
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        elif isinstance(message, BytesLike):
+            with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress:
+                    raise ConcurrencyError(
+                        "cannot call send while another thread is already running send"
+                    )
+                if text is True:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message)
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message)
+
+        # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError("data is a dict-like object")
+
+        # Fragmented message -- regular iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Iterable):
+            chunks = iter(message)
+            try:
+                chunk = next(chunks)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                    with self.send_context():
+                        if self.send_in_progress:
+                            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                                "cannot call send while another thread "
+                                "is already running send"
+                            )
+                        self.send_in_progress = True
+                        if text is False:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    encode = True
+                elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike):
+                    with self.send_context():
+                        if self.send_in_progress:
+                            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                                "cannot call send while another thread "
+                                "is already running send"
+                            )
+                        self.send_in_progress = True
+                        if text is True:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk, fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk, fin=False)
+                    encode = False
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("iterable must contain bytes or str")
+
+                # Other fragments
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str) and encode:
+                        with self.send_context():
+                            assert self.send_in_progress
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike) and not encode:
+                        with self.send_context():
+                            assert self.send_in_progress
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        raise TypeError("iterable must contain uniform types")
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.send_continuation(b"", fin=True)
+                    self.send_in_progress = False
+
+            except ConcurrencyError:
+                # We didn't start sending a fragmented message.
+                # The connection is still usable.
+                raise
+
+            except Exception:
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "error in fragmented message",
+                    )
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str, bytes, or iterable")
+
+    def close(
+        self,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the closing handshake.
+
+        :meth:`close` waits for the other end to complete the handshake and
+        for the TCP connection to terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent: it doesn't do anything once the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        Args:
+            code: WebSocket close code.
+            reason: WebSocket close reason.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            # The context manager takes care of waiting for the TCP connection
+            # to terminate after calling a method that sends a close frame.
+            with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress:
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "close during fragmented message",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_close(code, reason)
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            # Ignore ConnectionClosed exceptions raised from send_context().
+            # They mean that the connection is closed, which was the goal.
+            pass
+
+    def ping(
+        self,
+        data: DataLike | None = None,
+        ack_on_close: bool = False,
+    ) -> threading.Event:
+        """
+        Send a Ping_.
+
+        .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        A ping may serve as a keepalive or as a check that the remote endpoint
+        received all messages up to this point
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the ping. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+                If ``data`` is :obj:`None`, the payload is four random bytes.
+            ack_on_close: when this option is :obj:`True`, the event will also
+                be set when the connection is closed. While this avoids getting
+                stuck waiting for a pong that will never arrive, it requires
+                checking that the state of the connection is still ``OPEN`` to
+                confirm that a pong was received, rather than the connection
+                being closed.
+
+        Returns:
+            An event that will be set when the corresponding pong is received.
+            You can ignore it if you don't intend to wait.
+
+            ::
+
+                pong_received = ws.ping()
+                # only if you want to wait for the corresponding pong
+                pong_received.wait()
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If another ping was sent with the same data and
+                the corresponding pong wasn't received yet.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        elif data is not None:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        with self.send_context():
+            # Protect against duplicates if a payload is explicitly set.
+            if data in self.pending_pings:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("already waiting for a pong with the same data")
+
+            # Generate a unique random payload otherwise.
+            while data is None or data in self.pending_pings:
+                data = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+
+            pong_received = threading.Event()
+            ping_timestamp = time.monotonic()
+            self.pending_pings[data] = (pong_received, ping_timestamp, ack_on_close)
+            self.protocol.send_ping(data)
+            return pong_received
+
+    def pong(self, data: DataLike = b"") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Pong_.
+
+        .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        An unsolicited pong may serve as a unidirectional heartbeat.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the pong. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        with self.send_context():
+            self.protocol.send_pong(data)
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        This method is overridden in subclasses to handle the handshake.
+
+        """
+        assert isinstance(event, Frame)
+        if event.opcode in DATA_OPCODES:
+            self.recv_messages.put(event)
+
+        if event.opcode is Opcode.PONG:
+            self.acknowledge_pings(bytes(event.data))
+
+    def acknowledge_pings(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Acknowledge pings when receiving a pong.
+
+        """
+        with self.protocol_mutex:
+            # Ignore unsolicited pong.
+            if data not in self.pending_pings:
+                return
+
+            pong_timestamp = time.monotonic()
+
+            # Sending a pong for only the most recent ping is legal.
+            # Acknowledge all previous pings too in that case.
+            ping_id = None
+            ping_ids = []
+            for ping_id, (
+                pong_received,
+                ping_timestamp,
+                _ack_on_close,
+            ) in self.pending_pings.items():
+                ping_ids.append(ping_id)
+                pong_received.set()
+                if ping_id == data:
+                    self.latency = pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("solicited pong not found in pings")
+
+            # Remove acknowledged pings from self.pending_pings.
+            for ping_id in ping_ids:
+                del self.pending_pings[ping_id]
+
+    def terminate_pending_pings(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acknowledge pending pings when the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol_mutex.locked()
+        assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+
+        for pong_received, _ping_timestamp, ack_on_close in self.pending_pings.values():
+            if ack_on_close:
+                pong_received.set()
+
+        self.pending_pings.clear()
+
+    def keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Ping frame and wait for a Pong frame at regular intervals.
+
+        """
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        try:
+            while True:
+                # If self.ping_timeout > self.latency > self.ping_interval,
+                # pings will be sent immediately after receiving pongs.
+                # The period will be longer than self.ping_interval.
+                self.recv_events_thread.join(self.ping_interval - self.latency)
+                if not self.recv_events_thread.is_alive():
+                    break
+
+                try:
+                    pong_received = self.ping(ack_on_close=True)
+                except ConnectionClosed:
+                    break
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("% sent keepalive ping")
+
+                if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+                    if pong_received.wait(self.ping_timeout):
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("% received keepalive pong")
+                    else:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for keepalive pong")
+                        with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.fail(
+                                CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                "keepalive ping timeout",
+                            )
+                        break
+        except Exception:
+            self.logger.error("keepalive ping failed", exc_info=True)
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run :meth:`keepalive` in a thread, unless keepalive is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self.ping_interval is not None:
+            # This thread is marked as daemon like self.recv_events_thread.
+            self.keepalive_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self.keepalive,
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            self.keepalive_thread.start()
+
+    def recv_events(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming data from the socket and process events.
+
+        Run this method in a thread as long as the connection is alive.
+
+        ``recv_events()`` exits immediately when ``self.socket`` is closed.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # If the assembler buffer is full, block until it drains.
+                    with self.recv_flow_control:
+                        pass
+                    if self.close_deadline is not None:
+                        self.socket.settimeout(self.close_deadline.timeout())
+                    data = self.socket.recv(self.recv_bufsize)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "! error while receiving data",
+                            exc_info=True,
+                        )
+                    # When the closing handshake is initiated by our side,
+                    # recv() may block until send_context() closes the socket.
+                    # In that case, send_context() already set recv_exc.
+                    # Calling set_recv_exc() avoids overwriting it.
+                    with self.protocol_mutex:
+                        self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+                    break
+
+                if data == b"":
+                    break
+
+                # Acquire the connection lock.
+                with self.protocol_mutex:
+                    # Feed incoming data to the protocol.
+                    self.protocol.receive_data(data)
+
+                    # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                    events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+                    # Write outgoing data to the socket.
+                    try:
+                        self.send_data()
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                "! error while sending data",
+                                exc_info=True,
+                            )
+                        # Similarly to the above, avoid overriding an exception
+                        # set by send_context(), in case of a race condition
+                        # i.e. send_context() closes the socket after recv()
+                        # returns above but before send_data() calls send().
+                        self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+                        break
+
+                    # If needed, set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+                    if self.protocol.close_expected():
+                        if self.close_deadline is None:
+                            self.close_deadline = Deadline(self.close_timeout)
+
+                # Unlock conn_mutex before processing events. Else, the
+                # application can't send messages in response to events.
+
+                # If self.send_data raised an exception, then events are lost.
+                # Given that automatic responses write small amounts of data,
+                # this should be uncommon, so we don't handle the edge case.
+
+                for event in events:
+                    # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                    self.process_event(event)
+
+            # Breaking out of the while True: ... loop means that we believe
+            # that the socket doesn't work anymore.
+
+            with self.protocol_mutex:
+                # Feed the end of the data stream to the protocol.
+                self.protocol.receive_eof()
+
+                # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+                # There is no error handling because send_data() can only write
+                # the end of the data stream and it handles errors by itself.
+                self.send_data()
+
+            # This code path is triggered when receiving an HTTP response
+            # without a Content-Length header. This is the only case where
+            # reading until EOF generates an event; all other events have
+            # a known length. Ignore for coverage measurement because tests
+            # are in test_client.py rather than test_connection.py.
+            for event in events:  # pragma: no cover
+                # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                self.process_event(event)
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # This branch should never run. It's a safety net in case of bugs.
+            self.logger.error("unexpected internal error", exc_info=True)
+            with self.protocol_mutex:
+                self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+        finally:
+            # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+            self.close_socket()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def send_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        expected_state: State = OPEN,  # CONNECTING during the opening handshake
+    ) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """
+        Create a context for writing to the connection from user code.
+
+        On entry, :meth:`send_context` acquires the connection lock and checks
+        that the connection is open; on exit, it writes outgoing data to the
+        socket and releases the connection lock::
+
+            with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        When the connection isn't open on entry, when the connection is expected
+        to close on exit, or when an unexpected error happens, terminating the
+        connection, :meth:`send_context` waits until the connection is closed
+        then raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        """
+        # Should we wait until the connection is closed?
+        wait_for_close = False
+        # Should we close the socket and raise ConnectionClosed?
+        raise_close_exc = False
+        # What exception should we chain ConnectionClosed to?
+        original_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Acquire the protocol lock.
+        with self.protocol_mutex:
+            if self.protocol.state is expected_state:
+                # Let the caller interact with the protocol.
+                try:
+                    yield
+                except (ProtocolError, ConcurrencyError):
+                    # The protocol state wasn't changed. Exit immediately.
+                    raise
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self.logger.error("unexpected internal error", exc_info=True)
+                    # This branch should never run. It's a safety net in case of
+                    # bugs. Since we don't know what happened, we will close the
+                    # connection and raise the exception to the caller.
+                    wait_for_close = False
+                    raise_close_exc = True
+                    original_exc = exc
+                else:
+                    # Check if the connection is expected to close soon.
+                    if self.protocol.close_expected():
+                        wait_for_close = True
+                        # Set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+                        # Since we tested earlier that protocol.state is OPEN
+                        # (or CONNECTING) and we didn't release protocol_mutex,
+                        # self.close_deadline is still None.
+                        assert self.close_deadline is None
+                        self.close_deadline = Deadline(self.close_timeout)
+                    # Write outgoing data to the socket.
+                    try:
+                        self.send_data()
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                "! error while sending data",
+                                exc_info=True,
+                            )
+                        # While the only expected exception here is OSError,
+                        # other exceptions would be treated identically.
+                        wait_for_close = False
+                        raise_close_exc = True
+                        original_exc = exc
+
+            else:  # self.protocol.state is not expected_state
+                # Minor layering violation: we assume that the connection
+                # will be closing soon if it isn't in the expected state.
+                wait_for_close = True
+                # Calculate close_deadline if it wasn't set yet.
+                if self.close_deadline is None:
+                    self.close_deadline = Deadline(self.close_timeout)
+                raise_close_exc = True
+
+        # To avoid a deadlock, release the connection lock by exiting the
+        # context manager before waiting for recv_events() to terminate.
+
+        # If the connection is expected to close soon and the close timeout
+        # elapses, close the socket to terminate the connection.
+        if wait_for_close:
+            # Thread.join() returns immediately if timeout is negative.
+            assert self.close_deadline is not None
+            timeout = self.close_deadline.timeout(raise_if_elapsed=False)
+            self.recv_events_thread.join(timeout)
+            if self.recv_events_thread.is_alive():
+                # There's no risk of overwriting another error because
+                # original_exc is never set when wait_for_close is True.
+                assert original_exc is None
+                original_exc = TimeoutError("timed out while closing connection")
+                # Set recv_exc before closing the socket in order to get
+                # proper exception reporting.
+                raise_close_exc = True
+                with self.protocol_mutex:
+                    self.set_recv_exc(original_exc)
+
+        # If an error occurred, close the socket to terminate the connection and
+        # raise an exception.
+        if raise_close_exc:
+            self.close_socket()
+            # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+            self.recv_events_thread.join()
+            raise self.protocol.close_exc from original_exc
+
+    def send_data(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send outgoing data.
+
+        This method requires holding protocol_mutex.
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol_mutex.locked()
+        for data in self.protocol.data_to_send():
+            if data:
+                if self.close_deadline is not None:
+                    self.socket.settimeout(self.close_deadline.timeout())
+                self.socket.sendall(data)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    self.socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+                except OSError:  # socket already closed
+                    pass
+
+    def set_recv_exc(self, exc: BaseException | None) -> None:
+        """
+        Set recv_exc, if not set yet.
+
+        This method requires holding protocol_mutex and must be called only from
+        the thread running recv_events().
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol_mutex.locked()
+        if self.recv_exc is None:
+            self.recv_exc = exc
+
+    def close_socket(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Shutdown and close socket. Close message assembler.
+
+        Calling close_socket() guarantees that recv_events() terminates. Indeed,
+        recv_events() may block only on socket.recv() or on recv_messages.put().
+
+        """
+        # shutdown() is required to interrupt recv() on Linux.
+        try:
+            self.socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+        except OSError:  # socket already closed
+            pass
+        self.socket.close()
+
+        # Calling protocol.receive_eof() is safe because it's idempotent.
+        # This guarantees that the protocol state becomes CLOSED.
+        with self.protocol_mutex:
+            self.protocol.receive_eof()
+            assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+
+            # Abort recv() with a ConnectionClosed exception.
+            self.recv_messages.close()
+
+            # Acknowledge pings sent with the ack_on_close option.
+            self.terminate_pending_pings()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/messages.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/messages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d95519f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/messages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import queue
+import threading
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Literal, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import ConcurrencyError
+from ..frames import OP_BINARY, OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, Frame
+from ..typing import Data
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["Assembler"]
+
+UTF8Decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")
+
+
+class Assembler:
+    """
+    Assemble messages from frames.
+
+    :class:`Assembler` expects only data frames. The stream of frames must
+    respect the protocol; if it doesn't, the behavior is undefined.
+
+    Args:
+        pause: Called when the buffer of frames goes above the high water mark;
+            should pause reading from the network.
+        resume: Called when the buffer of frames goes below the low water mark;
+            should resume reading from the network.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        high: int | None = None,
+        low: int | None = None,
+        pause: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+        resume: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Serialize reads and writes -- except for reads via synchronization
+        # primitives provided by the threading and queue modules.
+        self.mutex = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Queue of incoming frames.
+        self.frames: queue.SimpleQueue[Frame | None] = queue.SimpleQueue()
+
+        # We cannot put a hard limit on the size of the queue because a single
+        # call to Protocol.data_received() could produce thousands of frames,
+        # which must be buffered. Instead, we pause reading when the buffer goes
+        # above the high limit and we resume when it goes under the low limit.
+        if high is not None and low is None:
+            low = high // 4
+        if high is None and low is not None:
+            high = low * 4
+        if high is not None and low is not None:
+            if low < 0:
+                raise ValueError("low must be positive or equal to zero")
+            if high < low:
+                raise ValueError("high must be greater than or equal to low")
+        self.high, self.low = high, low
+        self.pause = pause
+        self.resume = resume
+        self.paused = False
+
+        # This flag prevents concurrent calls to get() by user code.
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This flag marks the end of the connection.
+        self.closed = False
+
+    def get_next_frame(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> Frame:
+        # Helper to factor out the logic for getting the next frame from the
+        # queue, while handling timeouts and reaching the end of the stream.
+        if self.closed:
+            try:
+                frame = self.frames.get(block=False)
+            except queue.Empty:
+                raise EOFError("stream of frames ended") from None
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Check for a frame that's already received if timeout <= 0.
+                # SimpleQueue.get() doesn't support negative timeout values.
+                if timeout is not None and timeout <= 0:
+                    frame = self.frames.get(block=False)
+                else:
+                    frame = self.frames.get(block=True, timeout=timeout)
+            except queue.Empty:
+                raise TimeoutError(f"timed out in {timeout:.1f}s") from None
+        if frame is None:
+            raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+        return frame
+
+    def reset_queue(self, frames: Iterable[Frame]) -> None:
+        # Helper to put frames back into the queue after they were fetched.
+        # This happens only when the queue is empty. However, by the time
+        # we acquire self.mutex, put() may have added items in the queue.
+        # Therefore, we must handle the case where the queue is not empty.
+        frame: Frame | None
+        with self.mutex:
+            queued = []
+            try:
+                while True:
+                    queued.append(self.frames.get(block=False))
+            except queue.Empty:
+                pass
+            for frame in frames:
+                self.frames.put(frame)
+            # This loop runs only when a race condition occurs.
+            for frame in queued:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.frames.put(frame)
+
+    # This overload structure is required to avoid the error:
+    # "parameter without a default follows parameter with a default"
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data: ...
+
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Read the next message.
+
+        :meth:`get` returns a single :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`.
+
+        If the message is fragmented, :meth:`get` waits until the last frame is
+        received, then it reassembles the message and returns it. To receive
+        messages frame by frame, use :meth:`get_iter` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: If a timeout is provided and elapses before a complete
+                message is received, :meth:`get` raises :exc:`TimeoutError`.
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+            TimeoutError: If a timeout is provided and elapses before a
+                complete message is received.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.get_in_progress:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+            self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get() fetches a complete message or times out.
+
+        try:
+            deadline = Deadline(timeout)
+
+            # Fetch the first frame.
+            frame = self.get_next_frame(deadline.timeout(raise_if_elapsed=False))
+            with self.mutex:
+                self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+            if decode is None:
+                decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+            frames = [frame]
+
+            # Fetch subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+            while not frame.fin:
+                try:
+                    frame = self.get_next_frame(
+                        deadline.timeout(raise_if_elapsed=False)
+                    )
+                except TimeoutError:
+                    # Put frames already received back into the queue
+                    # so that future calls to get() can return them.
+                    self.reset_queue(frames)
+                    raise
+                with self.mutex:
+                    self.maybe_resume()
+                assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+                frames.append(frame)
+
+        finally:
+            self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This converts frame.data to bytes when it's a bytearray.
+        data = b"".join(frame.data for frame in frames)
+        if decode:
+            return data.decode()
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> Iterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> Iterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]: ...
+
+    def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Stream the next message.
+
+        Iterating the return value of :meth:`get_iter` yields a :class:`str` or
+        :class:`bytes` for each frame in the message.
+
+        The iterator must be fully consumed before calling :meth:`get_iter` or
+        :meth:`get` again. Else, :exc:`ConcurrencyError` is raised.
+
+        This method only makes sense for fragmented messages. If messages aren't
+        fragmented, use :meth:`get` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.get_in_progress:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+            self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get_iter() fetches a complete message or times out.
+
+        # If get_iter() raises an exception e.g. in decoder.decode(),
+        # get_in_progress remains set and the connection becomes unusable.
+
+        # Yield the first frame.
+        frame = self.get_next_frame()
+        with self.mutex:
+            self.maybe_resume()
+        assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+        if decode is None:
+            decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+        if decode:
+            decoder = UTF8Decoder()
+            yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+        else:
+            # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+            yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        # Yield subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+        while not frame.fin:
+            frame = self.get_next_frame()
+            with self.mutex:
+                self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+            if decode:
+                yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+            else:
+                # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+                yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+    def put(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """
+        Add ``frame`` to the next message.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.closed:
+                raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+
+            self.frames.put(frame)
+            self.maybe_pause()
+
+    # put() and get/get_iter() call maybe_pause() and maybe_resume() while
+    # holding self.mutex. This guarantees that the calls interleave properly.
+    # Specifically, it prevents a race condition where maybe_resume() would
+    # run before maybe_pause(), leaving the connection incorrectly paused.
+
+    # A race condition is possible when get/get_iter() call self.frames.get()
+    # without holding self.mutex. However, it's harmless — and even beneficial!
+    # It can only result in popping an item from the queue before maybe_resume()
+    # runs and skipping a pause() - resume() cycle that would otherwise occur.
+
+    def maybe_pause(self) -> None:
+        """Pause the writer if queue is above the high water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.high is None:
+            return
+
+        assert self.mutex.locked()
+
+        # Check for "> high" to support high = 0.
+        if self.frames.qsize() > self.high and not self.paused:
+            self.paused = True
+            self.pause()
+
+    def maybe_resume(self) -> None:
+        """Resume the writer if queue is below the low water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.low is None:
+            return
+
+        assert self.mutex.locked()
+
+        # Check for "<= low" to support low = 0.
+        if self.frames.qsize() <= self.low and self.paused:
+            self.paused = False
+            self.resume()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        End the stream of frames.
+
+        Calling :meth:`close` concurrently with :meth:`get`, :meth:`get_iter`,
+        or :meth:`put` is safe. They will raise :exc:`EOFError`.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.closed:
+                return
+
+            self.closed = True
+
+            if self.get_in_progress:
+                # Unblock get() or get_iter().
+                self.frames.put(None)
+
+            if self.paused:
+                # Unblock recv_events().
+                self.paused = False
+                self.resume()
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/router.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/router.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c35e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/router.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal
+
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from .server import Server, ServerConnection, serve
+
+
+__all__ = ["route", "unix_route", "Router"]
+
+
+try:
+    from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
+    from werkzeug.routing import Map, RequestRedirect
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        raise ImportError("route() requires werkzeug")
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        raise ImportError("unix_route() requires werkzeug")
+
+else:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        This feature requires the third-party library `werkzeug`_:
+
+        .. code-block:: console
+
+            $ pip install werkzeug
+
+        .. _werkzeug: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
+
+        :func:`route` accepts the same arguments as
+        :func:`~websockets.sync.server.serve`, except as described below.
+
+        The first argument is a :class:`werkzeug.routing.Map` that maps URL patterns
+        to connection handlers. In addition to the connection, handlers receive
+        parameters captured in the URL as keyword arguments.
+
+        Here's an example::
+
+
+            from websockets.sync.router import route
+            from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
+
+            def channel_handler(websocket, channel_id):
+                ...
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule("/channel/<uuid:channel_id>", endpoint=channel_handler),
+                ...
+            ])
+
+            with route(url_map, ...) as server:
+                server.serve_forever()
+
+        Refer to the documentation of :mod:`werkzeug.routing` for details.
+
+        If you define redirects with ``Rule(..., redirect_to=...)`` in the URL map,
+        when the server runs behind a reverse proxy that modifies the ``Host``
+        header or terminates TLS, you need additional configuration:
+
+        * Set ``server_name`` to the name of the server as seen by clients. When
+          not provided, websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+
+        * Set ``ssl=True`` to generate ``wss://`` URIs without enabling TLS.
+          Under the hood, this bind the URL map with a ``url_scheme`` of
+          ``wss://`` instead of ``ws://``.
+
+        There is no need to specify ``websocket=True`` in each rule. It is added
+        automatically.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            server_name: Name of the server as seen by clients. If :obj:`None`,
+                websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+            ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection. Set it to
+                :obj:`True` if a reverse proxy terminates TLS connections.
+            create_router: Factory for the :class:`Router` dispatching requests to
+                handlers. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize routing.
+
+        """
+        url_scheme = "ws" if ssl is None else "wss"
+        if ssl is not True and ssl is not None:
+            kwargs["ssl"] = ssl
+
+        if create_router is None:
+            create_router = Router
+
+        router = create_router(url_map, server_name, url_scheme)
+
+        _process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = kwargs.pop("process_request", None)
+        if _process_request is None:
+            process_request: Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Response | None,
+            ] = router.route_request
+        else:
+
+            def process_request(
+                connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+            ) -> Response | None:
+                response = _process_request(connection, request)
+                if response is not None:
+                    return response
+                return router.route_request(connection, request)
+
+        return serve(router.handler, *args, process_request=process_request, **kwargs)
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket Unix server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        :func:`unix_route` combines the behaviors of :func:`route` and
+        :func:`~websockets.sync.server.unix_serve`.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+        """
+        return route(url_map, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Router:
+    """WebSocket router supporting :func:`route`."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url_map: Map,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        url_scheme: str = "ws",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.url_map = url_map
+        self.server_name = server_name
+        self.url_scheme = url_scheme
+        for rule in self.url_map.iter_rules():
+            rule.websocket = True
+
+    def get_server_name(self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request) -> str:
+        if self.server_name is None:
+            return request.headers["Host"]
+        else:
+            return self.server_name
+
+    def redirect(self, connection: ServerConnection, url: str) -> Response:
+        response = connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.FOUND, f"Found at {url}")
+        response.headers["Location"] = url
+        return response
+
+    def not_found(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> Response:
+        return connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "Not Found")
+
+    def route_request(
+        self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """Route incoming request."""
+        url_map_adapter = self.url_map.bind(
+            server_name=self.get_server_name(connection, request),
+            url_scheme=self.url_scheme,
+        )
+        try:
+            parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(request.path)
+            handler, kwargs = url_map_adapter.match(
+                path_info=parsed.path,
+                query_args=parsed.query,
+            )
+        except RequestRedirect as redirect:
+            return self.redirect(connection, redirect.new_url)
+        except NotFound:
+            return self.not_found(connection)
+        connection.handler, connection.handler_kwargs = handler, kwargs
+        return None
+
+    def handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """Handle a connection."""
+        return connection.handler(connection, **connection.handler_kwargs)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/server.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd82fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hmac
+import http
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import selectors
+import socket
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import sys
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping, cast
+
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from ..extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_server_permessage_deflate
+from ..frames import CloseCode
+from ..headers import (
+    build_www_authenticate_basic,
+    parse_authorization_basic,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import SERVER, Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, OPEN, Event
+from ..server import ServerProtocol
+from ..typing import LoggerLike, Origin, StatusLike, Subprotocol
+from .connection import Connection
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["serve", "unix_serve", "ServerConnection", "Server", "basic_auth"]
+
+
+class ServerConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`threading` implementation of a WebSocket server connection.
+
+    :class:`ServerConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` methods for
+    receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports iteration to receive messages::
+
+        for message in websocket:
+            process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, and
+    ``max_queue`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`serve`.
+
+    Args:
+        socket: Socket connected to a WebSocket client.
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        protocol: ServerProtocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ServerProtocol
+        self.request_rcvd = threading.Event()
+        super().__init__(
+            socket,
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+        )
+        self.username: str  # see basic_auth()
+        self.handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], None]  # see route()
+        self.handler_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any]  # see route()
+
+    def respond(self, status: StatusLike, text: str) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a plain text HTTP response.
+
+        ``process_request`` and ``process_response`` may call this method to
+        return an HTTP response instead of performing the WebSocket opening
+        handshake.
+
+        You can modify the response before returning it, for example by changing
+        HTTP headers.
+
+        Args:
+            status: HTTP status code.
+            text: HTTP response body; it will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Returns:
+            HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.reject(status, text)
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        if not self.request_rcvd.wait(timeout):
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out while waiting for handshake request")
+
+        if self.request is not None:
+            with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+                response = None
+
+                if process_request is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_request(self, self.request)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                if response is None:
+                    self.response = self.protocol.accept(self.request)
+                else:
+                    self.response = response
+
+                if server_header:
+                    self.response.headers["Server"] = server_header
+
+                response = None
+
+                if process_response is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_response(self, self.request, self.response)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                    if response is not None:
+                        self.response = response
+
+                self.protocol.send_response(self.response)
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a request, when the request cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # handshake fails, including when process_request or process_response
+        # raises an exception.
+
+        # It isn't set when process_request or process_response sends an HTTP
+        # response that rejects the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake request.
+        if self.request is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Request)
+            self.request = event
+            self.request_rcvd.set()
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+    def recv_events(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming data from the socket and process events.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            super().recv_events()
+        finally:
+            # If the connection is closed during the handshake, unblock it.
+            self.request_rcvd.set()
+
+
+class Server:
+    """
+    WebSocket server returned by :func:`serve`.
+
+    This class mirrors the API of :class:`~socketserver.BaseServer`, notably the
+    :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever` and
+    :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.shutdown` methods, as well as the context
+    manager protocol.
+
+    Args:
+        socket: Server socket listening for new connections.
+        handler: Handler for one connection. Receives the socket and address
+            returned by :meth:`~socket.socket.accept`.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        handler: Callable[[socket.socket, Any], None],
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.handler = handler
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        self.logger = logger
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            self.shutdown_watcher, self.shutdown_notifier = os.pipe()
+
+    def serve_forever(self) -> None:
+        """
+        See :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever`.
+
+        This method doesn't return. Calling :meth:`shutdown` from another thread
+        stops the server.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            with serve(...) as server:
+                server.serve_forever()
+
+        """
+        poller = selectors.DefaultSelector()
+        try:
+            poller.register(self.socket, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # If shutdown() is called before poller.register(),
+            # the socket is closed and poller.register() raises
+            # ValueError: Invalid file descriptor: -1
+            return
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            poller.register(self.shutdown_watcher, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+        while True:
+            poller.select()
+            try:
+                # If the socket is closed, this will raise an exception and exit
+                # the loop. So we don't need to check the return value of select().
+                sock, addr = self.socket.accept()
+            except OSError:
+                break
+            # Since there isn't a mechanism for tracking connections and waiting
+            # for them to terminate, we cannot use daemon threads, or else all
+            # connections would be terminate brutally when closing the server.
+            thread = threading.Thread(target=self.handler, args=(sock, addr))
+            thread.start()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        See :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.shutdown`.
+
+        """
+        self.socket.close()
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            os.write(self.shutdown_notifier, b"x")
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        """
+        See :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.fileno`.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Server:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.shutdown()
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    if name == "WebSocketServer":
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.0 - 2024-08-20
+            "WebSocketServer was renamed to Server",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return Server
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
+
+
+def serve(
+    handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], None],
+    host: str | None = None,
+    port: int | None = None,
+    *,
+    # TCP/TLS
+    sock: socket.socket | None = None,
+    ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    # WebSocket
+    origins: Sequence[Origin | re.Pattern[str] | None] | None = None,
+    extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+    select_subprotocol: (
+        Callable[
+            [ServerConnection, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+            Subprotocol | None,
+        ]
+        | None
+    ) = None,
+    compression: str | None = "deflate",
+    # HTTP
+    process_request: (
+        Callable[
+            [ServerConnection, Request],
+            Response | None,
+        ]
+        | None
+    ) = None,
+    process_response: (
+        Callable[
+            [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+            Response | None,
+        ]
+        | None
+    ) = None,
+    server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+    # Timeouts
+    open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+    ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+    close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    # Limits
+    max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+    max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    # Logging
+    logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+    create_connection: type[ServerConnection] | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Server:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on ``host`` and ``port``.
+
+    Whenever a client connects, the server creates a :class:`ServerConnection`,
+    performs the opening handshake, and delegates to the ``handler``.
+
+    The handler receives the :class:`ServerConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    Once the handler completes, either normally or with an exception, the server
+    performs the closing handshake and closes the connection.
+
+    This function returns a :class:`Server` whose API mirrors
+    :class:`~socketserver.BaseServer`. Treat it as a context manager to ensure
+    that it will be closed and call :meth:`~Server.serve_forever` to serve
+    requests::
+
+        from websockets.sync.server import serve
+
+        def handler(websocket):
+            ...
+
+        with serve(handler, ...) as server:
+            server.serve_forever()
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        host: Network interfaces the server binds to.
+            See :func:`~socket.create_server` for details.
+        port: TCP port the server listens on.
+            See :func:`~socket.create_server` for details.
+        sock: Preexisting TCP socket. ``sock`` replaces ``host`` and ``port``.
+            You may call :func:`socket.create_server` to create a suitable TCP
+            socket.
+        ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection.
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header, for defending
+            against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. Values can be
+            :class:`str` to test for an exact match or regular expressions
+            compiled by :func:`re.compile` to test against a pattern. Include
+            :obj:`None` in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        select_subprotocol: Callback for selecting a subprotocol among
+            those supported by the client and the server. It receives a
+            :class:`ServerConnection` (not a
+            :class:`~websockets.server.ServerProtocol`!) instance and a list of
+            subprotocols offered by the client. Other than the first argument,
+            it has the same behavior as the
+            :meth:`ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol
+            <websockets.server.ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol>` method.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        process_request: Intercept the request during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response. Return :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+        process_response: Intercept the response during the opening handshake.
+            Modify the response or return a new HTTP response to force the
+            response. Return :obj:`None` to continue normally. When you force an
+            HTTP 101 Continue response, the handshake is successful. Else, the
+            connection is aborted.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``. Setting it to
+            :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``. See the
+            :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ServerConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to :func:`~socket.create_server`.
+
+    """
+
+    # Process parameters
+
+    # Backwards compatibility: ssl used to be called ssl_context.
+    if ssl is None and "ssl_context" in kwargs:
+        ssl = kwargs.pop("ssl_context")
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.0 - 2024-08-20
+            "ssl_context was renamed to ssl",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    if subprotocols is not None:
+        validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+    if compression == "deflate":
+        extensions = enable_server_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+    elif compression is not None:
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+    if create_connection is None:
+        create_connection = ServerConnection
+
+    # Bind socket and listen
+
+    # Private APIs for unix_connect()
+    unix: bool = kwargs.pop("unix", False)
+    path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+
+    if sock is None:
+        if unix:
+            if path is None:
+                raise ValueError("missing path argument")
+            kwargs.setdefault("family", socket.AF_UNIX)
+            sock = socket.create_server(path, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            sock = socket.create_server((host, port), **kwargs)
+    else:
+        if path is not None:
+            raise ValueError("path and sock arguments are incompatible")
+
+    # Initialize TLS wrapper
+
+    if ssl is not None:
+        sock = ssl.wrap_socket(
+            sock,
+            server_side=True,
+            # Delay TLS handshake until after we set a timeout on the socket.
+            do_handshake_on_connect=False,
+        )
+
+    # Define request handler
+
+    def conn_handler(sock: socket.socket, addr: Any) -> None:
+        # Calculate timeouts on the TLS and WebSocket handshakes.
+        # The TLS timeout must be set on the socket, then removed
+        # to avoid conflicting with the WebSocket timeout in handshake().
+        deadline = Deadline(open_timeout)
+
+        try:
+            # Disable Nagle algorithm
+
+            if not unix:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)
+
+            # Perform TLS handshake
+
+            if ssl is not None:
+                sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+                # mypy cannot figure this out
+                assert isinstance(sock, ssl_module.SSLSocket)
+                sock.do_handshake()
+                sock.settimeout(None)
+
+            # Create a closure to give select_subprotocol access to connection.
+            protocol_select_subprotocol: (
+                Callable[
+                    [ServerProtocol, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                    Subprotocol | None,
+                ]
+                | None
+            ) = None
+            if select_subprotocol is not None:
+
+                def protocol_select_subprotocol(
+                    protocol: ServerProtocol,
+                    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+                ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+                    # mypy doesn't know that select_subprotocol is immutable.
+                    assert select_subprotocol is not None
+                    # Ensure this function is only used in the intended context.
+                    assert protocol is connection.protocol
+                    return select_subprotocol(connection, subprotocols)
+
+            # Initialize WebSocket protocol
+
+            protocol = ServerProtocol(
+                origins=origins,
+                extensions=extensions,
+                subprotocols=subprotocols,
+                select_subprotocol=protocol_select_subprotocol,
+                max_size=max_size,
+                logger=logger,
+            )
+
+            # Initialize WebSocket connection
+
+            assert create_connection is not None  # help mypy
+            connection = create_connection(
+                sock,
+                protocol,
+                ping_interval=ping_interval,
+                ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+                close_timeout=close_timeout,
+                max_queue=max_queue,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            sock.close()
+            return
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                connection.handshake(
+                    process_request,
+                    process_response,
+                    server_header,
+                    deadline.timeout(),
+                )
+            except TimeoutError:
+                connection.close_socket()
+                connection.recv_events_thread.join()
+                return
+            except Exception:
+                connection.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                connection.close_socket()
+                connection.recv_events_thread.join()
+                return
+
+            assert connection.protocol.state is OPEN
+            try:
+                connection.start_keepalive()
+                handler(connection)
+            except Exception:
+                connection.logger.error("connection handler failed", exc_info=True)
+                connection.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            else:
+                connection.close()
+
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Don't leak sockets on unexpected errors.
+            sock.close()
+
+    # Initialize server
+
+    return Server(sock, conn_handler, logger)
+
+
+def unix_serve(
+    handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], None],
+    path: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Server:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function accepts the same keyword arguments as :func:`serve`.
+
+    It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's useful for deploying a server behind a reverse proxy such as nginx.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+    """
+    return serve(handler, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+def is_credentials(credentials: Any) -> bool:
+    try:
+        username, password = credentials
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return isinstance(username, str) and isinstance(password, str)
+
+
+def basic_auth(
+    realm: str = "",
+    credentials: tuple[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], bool] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[ServerConnection, Request], Response | None]:
+    """
+    Factory for ``process_request`` to enforce HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+    :func:`basic_auth` is designed to integrate with :func:`serve` as follows::
+
+        from websockets.sync.server import basic_auth, serve
+
+        with serve(
+            ...,
+            process_request=basic_auth(
+                realm="my dev server",
+                credentials=("hello", "iloveyou"),
+            ),
+        ):
+
+    If authentication succeeds, the connection's ``username`` attribute is set.
+    If it fails, the server responds with an HTTP 401 Unauthorized status.
+
+    One of ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` must be provided; not both.
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Scope of protection. It should contain only ASCII characters
+            because the encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined. Refer to
+            section 2.2 of :rfc:`7235` for details.
+        credentials: Hard coded authorized credentials. It can be a
+            ``(username, password)`` pair or a list of such pairs.
+        check_credentials: Function that verifies credentials.
+            It receives ``username`` and ``password`` arguments and returns
+            whether they're valid.
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` is wrong.
+        ValueError: If ``credentials`` and ``check_credentials`` are both
+            provided or both not provided.
+
+    """
+    if (credentials is None) == (check_credentials is None):
+        raise ValueError("provide either credentials or check_credentials")
+
+    if credentials is not None:
+        if is_credentials(credentials):
+            credentials_list = [cast(tuple[str, str], credentials)]
+        elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[tuple[str, str]], credentials))
+            if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
+                raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+
+        credentials_dict = dict(credentials_list)
+
+        def check_credentials(username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+            try:
+                expected_password = credentials_dict[username]
+            except KeyError:
+                return False
+            return hmac.compare_digest(expected_password, password)
+
+    assert check_credentials is not None  # help mypy
+
+    def process_request(
+        connection: ServerConnection,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """
+        Perform HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+        If it succeeds, set the connection's ``username`` attribute and return
+        :obj:`None`. If it fails, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized responss.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            authorization = request.headers["Authorization"]
+        except KeyError:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Missing credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        try:
+            username, password = parse_authorization_basic(authorization)
+        except InvalidHeader:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Unsupported credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        if not check_credentials(username, password):
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Invalid credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        connection.username = username
+        return None
+
+    return process_request
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00bce2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+
+
+__all__ = ["Deadline"]
+
+
+class Deadline:
+    """
+    Manage timeouts across multiple steps.
+
+    Args:
+        timeout: Time available in seconds or :obj:`None` if there is no limit.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, timeout: float | None) -> None:
+        self.deadline: float | None
+        if timeout is None:
+            self.deadline = None
+        else:
+            self.deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
+
+    def timeout(self, *, raise_if_elapsed: bool = True) -> float | None:
+        """
+        Calculate a timeout from a deadline.
+
+        Args:
+            raise_if_elapsed: Whether to raise :exc:`TimeoutError`
+                if the deadline lapsed.
+
+        Raises:
+            TimeoutError: If the deadline lapsed.
+
+        Returns:
+            Time left in seconds or :obj:`None` if there is no limit.
+
+        """
+        if self.deadline is None:
+            return None
+        timeout = self.deadline - time.monotonic()
+        if raise_if_elapsed and timeout <= 0:
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out")
+        return timeout
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/typing.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b1a8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NewType, Sequence
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Data",
+    "LoggerLike",
+    "StatusLike",
+    "Origin",
+    "Subprotocol",
+    "ExtensionName",
+    "ExtensionParameter",
+]
+
+
+# Public types used in the signature of public APIs
+
+Data = str | bytes
+"""Types supported in a WebSocket message:
+:class:`str` for a Text_ frame, :class:`bytes` for a Binary_ frame.
+
+.. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+.. _Binary : https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+"""
+
+BytesLike = bytes | bytearray | memoryview
+"""Types accepted where :class:`bytes` is expected."""
+
+DataLike = str | bytes | bytearray | memoryview
+"""Types accepted where :class:`Data` is expected."""
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    LoggerLike = logging.Logger | logging.LoggerAdapter[Any]
+    """Types accepted where a :class:`~logging.Logger` is expected."""
+else:  # remove this branch when dropping support for Python < 3.11
+    LoggerLike = logging.Logger | logging.LoggerAdapter
+    """Types accepted where a :class:`~logging.Logger` is expected."""
+
+
+StatusLike = http.HTTPStatus | int
+"""
+Types accepted where an :class:`~http.HTTPStatus` is expected."""
+
+
+Origin = NewType("Origin", str)
+"""Value of a ``Origin`` header."""
+
+
+Subprotocol = NewType("Subprotocol", str)
+"""Subprotocol in a ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` header."""
+
+
+ExtensionName = NewType("ExtensionName", str)
+"""Name of a WebSocket extension."""
+
+ExtensionParameter = tuple[str, str | None]
+"""Parameter of a WebSocket extension."""
+
+
+# Private types
+
+ExtensionHeader = tuple[ExtensionName, Sequence[ExtensionParameter]]
+"""Extension in a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header."""
+
+
+ConnectionOption = NewType("ConnectionOption", str)
+"""Connection option in a ``Connection`` header."""
+
+
+UpgradeProtocol = NewType("UpgradeProtocol", str)
+"""Upgrade protocol in an ``Upgrade`` header."""
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/uri.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/uri.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f85e168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/uri.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidURI
+
+
+__all__ = ["parse_uri", "WebSocketURI"]
+
+
+# All characters from the gen-delims and sub-delims sets in RFC 3987.
+DELIMS = ":/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;="
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class WebSocketURI:
+    """
+    WebSocket URI.
+
+    Attributes:
+        secure: :obj:`True` for a ``wss`` URI, :obj:`False` for a ``ws`` URI.
+        host: Normalized to lower case.
+        port: Always set even if it's the default.
+        path: May be empty.
+        query: May be empty if the URI doesn't include a query component.
+        username: Available when the URI contains `User Information`_.
+        password: Available when the URI contains `User Information`_.
+
+    .. _User Information: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.1
+
+    """
+
+    secure: bool
+    host: str
+    port: int
+    path: str
+    query: str
+    username: str | None = None
+    password: str | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def resource_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.path:
+            resource_name = self.path
+        else:
+            resource_name = "/"
+        if self.query:
+            resource_name += "?" + self.query
+        return resource_name
+
+    @property
+    def user_info(self) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.username is None:
+            return None
+        assert self.password is not None
+        return (self.username, self.password)
+
+
+def parse_uri(uri: str) -> WebSocketURI:
+    """
+    Parse and validate a WebSocket URI.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: WebSocket URI.
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed WebSocket URI.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+
+    """
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
+    if parsed.scheme not in ["ws", "wss"]:
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "scheme isn't ws or wss")
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "hostname isn't provided")
+    if parsed.fragment != "":
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "fragment identifier is meaningless")
+
+    secure = parsed.scheme == "wss"
+    host = parsed.hostname
+    port = parsed.port or (443 if secure else 80)
+    path = parsed.path
+    query = parsed.query
+    username = parsed.username
+    password = parsed.password
+    # urllib.parse.urlparse accepts URLs with a username but without a
+    # password. This doesn't make sense for HTTP Basic Auth credentials.
+    if username is not None and password is None:
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "username provided without password")
+
+    try:
+        uri.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        # Input contains non-ASCII characters.
+        # It must be an IRI. Convert it to a URI.
+        host = host.encode("idna").decode()
+        path = urllib.parse.quote(path, safe=DELIMS)
+        query = urllib.parse.quote(query, safe=DELIMS)
+        if username is not None:
+            assert password is not None
+            username = urllib.parse.quote(username, safe=DELIMS)
+            password = urllib.parse.quote(password, safe=DELIMS)
+
+    return WebSocketURI(secure, host, port, path, query, username, password)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/utils.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2a90e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import secrets
+import sys
+
+from .typing import BytesLike
+
+
+__all__ = ["accept_key", "apply_mask"]
+
+
+GUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
+
+
+def generate_key() -> str:
+    """
+    Generate a random key for the Sec-WebSocket-Key header.
+
+    """
+    key = secrets.token_bytes(16)
+    return base64.b64encode(key).decode()
+
+
+def accept_key(key: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Compute the value of the Sec-WebSocket-Accept header.
+
+    Args:
+        key: Value of the Sec-WebSocket-Key header.
+
+    """
+    sha1 = hashlib.sha1((key + GUID).encode()).digest()
+    return base64.b64encode(sha1).decode()
+
+
+def apply_mask(data: BytesLike, mask: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Apply masking to the data of a WebSocket message.
+
+    Args:
+        data: Data to mask.
+        mask: 4-bytes mask.
+
+    """
+    if len(mask) != 4:
+        raise ValueError("mask must contain 4 bytes")
+
+    data_int = int.from_bytes(data, sys.byteorder)
+    mask_repeated = mask * (len(data) // 4) + mask[: len(data) % 4]
+    mask_int = int.from_bytes(mask_repeated, sys.byteorder)
+    return (data_int ^ mask_int).to_bytes(len(data), sys.byteorder)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/version.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde52b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.metadata
+
+
+__all__ = ["tag", "version", "commit"]
+
+
+# ========= =========== ===================
+#           release     development
+# ========= =========== ===================
+# tag       X.Y         X.Y (upcoming)
+# version   X.Y         X.Y.dev1+g5678cde
+# commit    X.Y         5678cde
+# ========= =========== ===================
+
+
+# When tagging a release, set `released = True`.
+# After tagging a release, set `released = False` and increment `tag`.
+
+released = True
+
+tag = version = commit = "16.0"
+
+
+if not released:  # pragma: no cover
+    import pathlib
+    import re
+    import subprocess
+
+    def get_version(tag: str) -> str:
+        # Since setup.py executes the contents of src/websockets/version.py,
+        # __file__ can point to either of these two files.
+        file_path = pathlib.Path(__file__)
+        root_dir = file_path.parents[0 if file_path.name == "setup.py" else 2]
+
+        # Read version from package metadata if it is installed.
+        try:
+            version = importlib.metadata.version("websockets")
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # Check that this file belongs to the installed package.
+            files = importlib.metadata.files("websockets")
+            if files:
+                version_files = [f for f in files if f.name == file_path.name]
+                if version_files:
+                    version_file = version_files[0]
+                    if version_file.locate() == file_path:
+                        return version
+
+        # Read version from git if available.
+        try:
+            description = subprocess.run(
+                ["git", "describe", "--dirty", "--tags", "--long"],
+                capture_output=True,
+                cwd=root_dir,
+                timeout=1,
+                check=True,
+                text=True,
+            ).stdout.strip()
+        # subprocess.run raises FileNotFoundError if git isn't on $PATH.
+        except (
+            FileNotFoundError,
+            subprocess.CalledProcessError,
+            subprocess.TimeoutExpired,
+        ):
+            pass
+        else:
+            description_re = r"[0-9.]+-([0-9]+)-(g[0-9a-f]{7,}(?:-dirty)?)"
+            match = re.fullmatch(description_re, description)
+            if match is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unexpected git description: {description}")
+            distance, remainder = match.groups()
+            remainder = remainder.replace("-", ".")  # required by PEP 440
+            return f"{tag}.dev{distance}+{remainder}"
+
+        # Avoid crashing if the development version cannot be determined.
+        return f"{tag}.dev0+gunknown"
+
+    version = get_version(tag)
+
+    def get_commit(tag: str, version: str) -> str:
+        # Extract commit from version, falling back to tag if not available.
+        version_re = r"[0-9.]+\.dev[0-9]+\+g([0-9a-f]{7,}|unknown)(?:\.dirty)?"
+        match = re.fullmatch(version_re, version)
+        if match is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected version: {version}")
+        (commit,) = match.groups()
+        return tag if commit == "unknown" else commit
+
+    commit = get_commit(tag, version)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/__init__.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d58f089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+
+from .error import *
+
+from .tokens import *
+from .events import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+from .loader import *
+from .dumper import *
+
+__version__ = '6.0.3'
+try:
+    from .cyaml import *
+    __with_libyaml__ = True
+except ImportError:
+    __with_libyaml__ = False
+
+import io
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# XXX "Warnings control" is now deprecated. Leaving in the API function to not
+# break code that uses it.
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def warnings(settings=None):
+    if settings is None:
+        return {}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def scan(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Scan a YAML stream and produce scanning tokens.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_token():
+            yield loader.get_token()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def parse(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Parse a YAML stream and produce parsing events.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_event():
+            yield loader.get_event()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def compose(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding representation tree.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        return loader.get_single_node()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def compose_all(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding representation trees.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_node():
+            yield loader.get_node()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def load(stream, Loader):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        return loader.get_single_data()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def load_all(stream, Loader):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_data():
+            yield loader.get_data()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def full_load(stream):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+
+    Resolve all tags except those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load(stream, FullLoader)
+
+def full_load_all(stream):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+
+    Resolve all tags except those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load_all(stream, FullLoader)
+
+def safe_load(stream):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+
+    Resolve only basic YAML tags. This is known
+    to be safe for untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load(stream, SafeLoader)
+
+def safe_load_all(stream):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+
+    Resolve only basic YAML tags. This is known
+    to be safe for untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load_all(stream, SafeLoader)
+
+def unsafe_load(stream):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+
+    Resolve all tags, even those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load(stream, UnsafeLoader)
+
+def unsafe_load_all(stream):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+
+    Resolve all tags, even those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load_all(stream, UnsafeLoader)
+
+def emit(events, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper,
+        canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+        allow_unicode=None, line_break=None):
+    """
+    Emit YAML parsing events into a stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    getvalue = None
+    if stream is None:
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        getvalue = stream.getvalue
+    dumper = Dumper(stream, canonical=canonical, indent=indent, width=width,
+            allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+    try:
+        for event in events:
+            dumper.emit(event)
+    finally:
+        dumper.dispose()
+    if getvalue:
+        return getvalue()
+
+def serialize_all(nodes, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper,
+        canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+        allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+        encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+        version=None, tags=None):
+    """
+    Serialize a sequence of representation trees into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    getvalue = None
+    if stream is None:
+        if encoding is None:
+            stream = io.StringIO()
+        else:
+            stream = io.BytesIO()
+        getvalue = stream.getvalue
+    dumper = Dumper(stream, canonical=canonical, indent=indent, width=width,
+            allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+            encoding=encoding, version=version, tags=tags,
+            explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end)
+    try:
+        dumper.open()
+        for node in nodes:
+            dumper.serialize(node)
+        dumper.close()
+    finally:
+        dumper.dispose()
+    if getvalue:
+        return getvalue()
+
+def serialize(node, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a representation tree into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return serialize_all([node], stream, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds)
+
+def dump_all(documents, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper,
+        default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+        canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+        allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+        encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+        version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+    """
+    Serialize a sequence of Python objects into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    getvalue = None
+    if stream is None:
+        if encoding is None:
+            stream = io.StringIO()
+        else:
+            stream = io.BytesIO()
+        getvalue = stream.getvalue
+    dumper = Dumper(stream, default_style=default_style,
+            default_flow_style=default_flow_style,
+            canonical=canonical, indent=indent, width=width,
+            allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+            encoding=encoding, version=version, tags=tags,
+            explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+    try:
+        dumper.open()
+        for data in documents:
+            dumper.represent(data)
+        dumper.close()
+    finally:
+        dumper.dispose()
+    if getvalue:
+        return getvalue()
+
+def dump(data, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a Python object into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return dump_all([data], stream, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds)
+
+def safe_dump_all(documents, stream=None, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a sequence of Python objects into a YAML stream.
+    Produce only basic YAML tags.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return dump_all(documents, stream, Dumper=SafeDumper, **kwds)
+
+def safe_dump(data, stream=None, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a Python object into a YAML stream.
+    Produce only basic YAML tags.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return dump_all([data], stream, Dumper=SafeDumper, **kwds)
+
+def add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first=None,
+        Loader=None, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add an implicit scalar detector.
+    If an implicit scalar value matches the given regexp,
+    the corresponding tag is assigned to the scalar.
+    first is a sequence of possible initial characters or None.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+    Dumper.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+
+def add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind=None, Loader=None, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add a path based resolver for the given tag.
+    A path is a list of keys that forms a path
+    to a node in the representation tree.
+    Keys can be string values, integers, or None.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+    Dumper.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+
+def add_constructor(tag, constructor, Loader=None):
+    """
+    Add a constructor for the given tag.
+    Constructor is a function that accepts a Loader instance
+    and a node object and produces the corresponding Python object.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+
+def add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor, Loader=None):
+    """
+    Add a multi-constructor for the given tag prefix.
+    Multi-constructor is called for a node if its tag starts with tag_prefix.
+    Multi-constructor accepts a Loader instance, a tag suffix,
+    and a node object and produces the corresponding Python object.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+
+def add_representer(data_type, representer, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add a representer for the given type.
+    Representer is a function accepting a Dumper instance
+    and an instance of the given data type
+    and producing the corresponding representation node.
+    """
+    Dumper.add_representer(data_type, representer)
+
+def add_multi_representer(data_type, multi_representer, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add a representer for the given type.
+    Multi-representer is a function accepting a Dumper instance
+    and an instance of the given data type or subtype
+    and producing the corresponding representation node.
+    """
+    Dumper.add_multi_representer(data_type, multi_representer)
+
+class YAMLObjectMetaclass(type):
+    """
+    The metaclass for YAMLObject.
+    """
+    def __init__(cls, name, bases, kwds):
+        super(YAMLObjectMetaclass, cls).__init__(name, bases, kwds)
+        if 'yaml_tag' in kwds and kwds['yaml_tag'] is not None:
+            if isinstance(cls.yaml_loader, list):
+                for loader in cls.yaml_loader:
+                    loader.add_constructor(cls.yaml_tag, cls.from_yaml)
+            else:
+                cls.yaml_loader.add_constructor(cls.yaml_tag, cls.from_yaml)
+
+            cls.yaml_dumper.add_representer(cls, cls.to_yaml)
+
+class YAMLObject(metaclass=YAMLObjectMetaclass):
+    """
+    An object that can dump itself to a YAML stream
+    and load itself from a YAML stream.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()  # no direct instantiation, so allow immutable subclasses
+
+    yaml_loader = [Loader, FullLoader, UnsafeLoader]
+    yaml_dumper = Dumper
+
+    yaml_tag = None
+    yaml_flow_style = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_yaml(cls, loader, node):
+        """
+        Convert a representation node to a Python object.
+        """
+        return loader.construct_yaml_object(node, cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def to_yaml(cls, dumper, data):
+        """
+        Convert a Python object to a representation node.
+        """
+        return dumper.represent_yaml_object(cls.yaml_tag, data, cls,
+                flow_style=cls.yaml_flow_style)
+
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diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/composer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/composer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d15cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/composer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+__all__ = ['Composer', 'ComposerError']
+
+from .error import MarkedYAMLError
+from .events import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+class ComposerError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class Composer:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.anchors = {}
+
+    def check_node(self):
+        # Drop the STREAM-START event.
+        if self.check_event(StreamStartEvent):
+            self.get_event()
+
+        # If there are more documents available?
+        return not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent)
+
+    def get_node(self):
+        # Get the root node of the next document.
+        if not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent):
+            return self.compose_document()
+
+    def get_single_node(self):
+        # Drop the STREAM-START event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        # Compose a document if the stream is not empty.
+        document = None
+        if not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent):
+            document = self.compose_document()
+
+        # Ensure that the stream contains no more documents.
+        if not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent):
+            event = self.get_event()
+            raise ComposerError("expected a single document in the stream",
+                    document.start_mark, "but found another document",
+                    event.start_mark)
+
+        # Drop the STREAM-END event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        return document
+
+    def compose_document(self):
+        # Drop the DOCUMENT-START event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        # Compose the root node.
+        node = self.compose_node(None, None)
+
+        # Drop the DOCUMENT-END event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        self.anchors = {}
+        return node
+
+    def compose_node(self, parent, index):
+        if self.check_event(AliasEvent):
+            event = self.get_event()
+            anchor = event.anchor
+            if anchor not in self.anchors:
+                raise ComposerError(None, None, "found undefined alias %r"
+                        % anchor, event.start_mark)
+            return self.anchors[anchor]
+        event = self.peek_event()
+        anchor = event.anchor
+        if anchor is not None:
+            if anchor in self.anchors:
+                raise ComposerError("found duplicate anchor %r; first occurrence"
+                        % anchor, self.anchors[anchor].start_mark,
+                        "second occurrence", event.start_mark)
+        self.descend_resolver(parent, index)
+        if self.check_event(ScalarEvent):
+            node = self.compose_scalar_node(anchor)
+        elif self.check_event(SequenceStartEvent):
+            node = self.compose_sequence_node(anchor)
+        elif self.check_event(MappingStartEvent):
+            node = self.compose_mapping_node(anchor)
+        self.ascend_resolver()
+        return node
+
+    def compose_scalar_node(self, anchor):
+        event = self.get_event()
+        tag = event.tag
+        if tag is None or tag == '!':
+            tag = self.resolve(ScalarNode, event.value, event.implicit)
+        node = ScalarNode(tag, event.value,
+                event.start_mark, event.end_mark, style=event.style)
+        if anchor is not None:
+            self.anchors[anchor] = node
+        return node
+
+    def compose_sequence_node(self, anchor):
+        start_event = self.get_event()
+        tag = start_event.tag
+        if tag is None or tag == '!':
+            tag = self.resolve(SequenceNode, None, start_event.implicit)
+        node = SequenceNode(tag, [],
+                start_event.start_mark, None,
+                flow_style=start_event.flow_style)
+        if anchor is not None:
+            self.anchors[anchor] = node
+        index = 0
+        while not self.check_event(SequenceEndEvent):
+            node.value.append(self.compose_node(node, index))
+            index += 1
+        end_event = self.get_event()
+        node.end_mark = end_event.end_mark
+        return node
+
+    def compose_mapping_node(self, anchor):
+        start_event = self.get_event()
+        tag = start_event.tag
+        if tag is None or tag == '!':
+            tag = self.resolve(MappingNode, None, start_event.implicit)
+        node = MappingNode(tag, [],
+                start_event.start_mark, None,
+                flow_style=start_event.flow_style)
+        if anchor is not None:
+            self.anchors[anchor] = node
+        while not self.check_event(MappingEndEvent):
+            #key_event = self.peek_event()
+            item_key = self.compose_node(node, None)
+            #if item_key in node.value:
+            #    raise ComposerError("while composing a mapping", start_event.start_mark,
+            #            "found duplicate key", key_event.start_mark)
+            item_value = self.compose_node(node, item_key)
+            #node.value[item_key] = item_value
+            node.value.append((item_key, item_value))
+        end_event = self.get_event()
+        node.end_mark = end_event.end_mark
+        return node
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/constructor.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/constructor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..619acd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/constructor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+
+__all__ = [
+    'BaseConstructor',
+    'SafeConstructor',
+    'FullConstructor',
+    'UnsafeConstructor',
+    'Constructor',
+    'ConstructorError'
+]
+
+from .error import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+import collections.abc, datetime, base64, binascii, re, sys, types
+
+class ConstructorError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class BaseConstructor:
+
+    yaml_constructors = {}
+    yaml_multi_constructors = {}
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.constructed_objects = {}
+        self.recursive_objects = {}
+        self.state_generators = []
+        self.deep_construct = False
+
+    def check_data(self):
+        # If there are more documents available?
+        return self.check_node()
+
+    def check_state_key(self, key):
+        """Block special attributes/methods from being set in a newly created
+        object, to prevent user-controlled methods from being called during
+        deserialization"""
+        if self.get_state_keys_blacklist_regexp().match(key):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                "blacklisted key '%s' in instance state found" % (key,), None)
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        # Construct and return the next document.
+        if self.check_node():
+            return self.construct_document(self.get_node())
+
+    def get_single_data(self):
+        # Ensure that the stream contains a single document and construct it.
+        node = self.get_single_node()
+        if node is not None:
+            return self.construct_document(node)
+        return None
+
+    def construct_document(self, node):
+        data = self.construct_object(node)
+        while self.state_generators:
+            state_generators = self.state_generators
+            self.state_generators = []
+            for generator in state_generators:
+                for dummy in generator:
+                    pass
+        self.constructed_objects = {}
+        self.recursive_objects = {}
+        self.deep_construct = False
+        return data
+
+    def construct_object(self, node, deep=False):
+        if node in self.constructed_objects:
+            return self.constructed_objects[node]
+        if deep:
+            old_deep = self.deep_construct
+            self.deep_construct = True
+        if node in self.recursive_objects:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "found unconstructable recursive node", node.start_mark)
+        self.recursive_objects[node] = None
+        constructor = None
+        tag_suffix = None
+        if node.tag in self.yaml_constructors:
+            constructor = self.yaml_constructors[node.tag]
+        else:
+            for tag_prefix in self.yaml_multi_constructors:
+                if tag_prefix is not None and node.tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+                    tag_suffix = node.tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+                    constructor = self.yaml_multi_constructors[tag_prefix]
+                    break
+            else:
+                if None in self.yaml_multi_constructors:
+                    tag_suffix = node.tag
+                    constructor = self.yaml_multi_constructors[None]
+                elif None in self.yaml_constructors:
+                    constructor = self.yaml_constructors[None]
+                elif isinstance(node, ScalarNode):
+                    constructor = self.__class__.construct_scalar
+                elif isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+                    constructor = self.__class__.construct_sequence
+                elif isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+                    constructor = self.__class__.construct_mapping
+        if tag_suffix is None:
+            data = constructor(self, node)
+        else:
+            data = constructor(self, tag_suffix, node)
+        if isinstance(data, types.GeneratorType):
+            generator = data
+            data = next(generator)
+            if self.deep_construct:
+                for dummy in generator:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.state_generators.append(generator)
+        self.constructed_objects[node] = data
+        del self.recursive_objects[node]
+        if deep:
+            self.deep_construct = old_deep
+        return data
+
+    def construct_scalar(self, node):
+        if not isinstance(node, ScalarNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a scalar node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        return node.value
+
+    def construct_sequence(self, node, deep=False):
+        if not isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a sequence node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        return [self.construct_object(child, deep=deep)
+                for child in node.value]
+
+    def construct_mapping(self, node, deep=False):
+        if not isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a mapping node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        mapping = {}
+        for key_node, value_node in node.value:
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node, deep=deep)
+            if not isinstance(key, collections.abc.Hashable):
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing a mapping", node.start_mark,
+                        "found unhashable key", key_node.start_mark)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node, deep=deep)
+            mapping[key] = value
+        return mapping
+
+    def construct_pairs(self, node, deep=False):
+        if not isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a mapping node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        pairs = []
+        for key_node, value_node in node.value:
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node, deep=deep)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node, deep=deep)
+            pairs.append((key, value))
+        return pairs
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_constructor(cls, tag, constructor):
+        if not 'yaml_constructors' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_constructors = cls.yaml_constructors.copy()
+        cls.yaml_constructors[tag] = constructor
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_multi_constructor(cls, tag_prefix, multi_constructor):
+        if not 'yaml_multi_constructors' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_multi_constructors = cls.yaml_multi_constructors.copy()
+        cls.yaml_multi_constructors[tag_prefix] = multi_constructor
+
+class SafeConstructor(BaseConstructor):
+
+    def construct_scalar(self, node):
+        if isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            for key_node, value_node in node.value:
+                if key_node.tag == 'tag:yaml.org,2002:value':
+                    return self.construct_scalar(value_node)
+        return super().construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def flatten_mapping(self, node):
+        merge = []
+        index = 0
+        while index < len(node.value):
+            key_node, value_node = node.value[index]
+            if key_node.tag == 'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge':
+                del node.value[index]
+                if isinstance(value_node, MappingNode):
+                    self.flatten_mapping(value_node)
+                    merge.extend(value_node.value)
+                elif isinstance(value_node, SequenceNode):
+                    submerge = []
+                    for subnode in value_node.value:
+                        if not isinstance(subnode, MappingNode):
+                            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a mapping",
+                                    node.start_mark,
+                                    "expected a mapping for merging, but found %s"
+                                    % subnode.id, subnode.start_mark)
+                        self.flatten_mapping(subnode)
+                        submerge.append(subnode.value)
+                    submerge.reverse()
+                    for value in submerge:
+                        merge.extend(value)
+                else:
+                    raise ConstructorError("while constructing a mapping", node.start_mark,
+                            "expected a mapping or list of mappings for merging, but found %s"
+                            % value_node.id, value_node.start_mark)
+            elif key_node.tag == 'tag:yaml.org,2002:value':
+                key_node.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:str'
+                index += 1
+            else:
+                index += 1
+        if merge:
+            node.value = merge + node.value
+
+    def construct_mapping(self, node, deep=False):
+        if isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            self.flatten_mapping(node)
+        return super().construct_mapping(node, deep=deep)
+
+    def construct_yaml_null(self, node):
+        self.construct_scalar(node)
+        return None
+
+    bool_values = {
+        'yes':      True,
+        'no':       False,
+        'true':     True,
+        'false':    False,
+        'on':       True,
+        'off':      False,
+    }
+
+    def construct_yaml_bool(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        return self.bool_values[value.lower()]
+
+    def construct_yaml_int(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        value = value.replace('_', '')
+        sign = +1
+        if value[0] == '-':
+            sign = -1
+        if value[0] in '+-':
+            value = value[1:]
+        if value == '0':
+            return 0
+        elif value.startswith('0b'):
+            return sign*int(value[2:], 2)
+        elif value.startswith('0x'):
+            return sign*int(value[2:], 16)
+        elif value[0] == '0':
+            return sign*int(value, 8)
+        elif ':' in value:
+            digits = [int(part) for part in value.split(':')]
+            digits.reverse()
+            base = 1
+            value = 0
+            for digit in digits:
+                value += digit*base
+                base *= 60
+            return sign*value
+        else:
+            return sign*int(value)
+
+    inf_value = 1e300
+    while inf_value != inf_value*inf_value:
+        inf_value *= inf_value
+    nan_value = -inf_value/inf_value   # Trying to make a quiet NaN (like C99).
+
+    def construct_yaml_float(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        value = value.replace('_', '').lower()
+        sign = +1
+        if value[0] == '-':
+            sign = -1
+        if value[0] in '+-':
+            value = value[1:]
+        if value == '.inf':
+            return sign*self.inf_value
+        elif value == '.nan':
+            return self.nan_value
+        elif ':' in value:
+            digits = [float(part) for part in value.split(':')]
+            digits.reverse()
+            base = 1
+            value = 0.0
+            for digit in digits:
+                value += digit*base
+                base *= 60
+            return sign*value
+        else:
+            return sign*float(value)
+
+    def construct_yaml_binary(self, node):
+        try:
+            value = self.construct_scalar(node).encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to convert base64 data into ascii: %s" % exc,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        try:
+            if hasattr(base64, 'decodebytes'):
+                return base64.decodebytes(value)
+            else:
+                return base64.decodestring(value)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to decode base64 data: %s" % exc, node.start_mark)
+
+    timestamp_regexp = re.compile(
+            r'''^(?P<year>[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])
+                -(?P<month>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                -(?P<day>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                (?:(?:[Tt]|[ \t]+)
+                (?P<hour>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                :(?P<minute>[0-9][0-9])
+                :(?P<second>[0-9][0-9])
+                (?:\.(?P<fraction>[0-9]*))?
+                (?:[ \t]*(?P<tz>Z|(?P<tz_sign>[-+])(?P<tz_hour>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                (?::(?P<tz_minute>[0-9][0-9]))?))?)?$''', re.X)
+
+    def construct_yaml_timestamp(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        match = self.timestamp_regexp.match(node.value)
+        values = match.groupdict()
+        year = int(values['year'])
+        month = int(values['month'])
+        day = int(values['day'])
+        if not values['hour']:
+            return datetime.date(year, month, day)
+        hour = int(values['hour'])
+        minute = int(values['minute'])
+        second = int(values['second'])
+        fraction = 0
+        tzinfo = None
+        if values['fraction']:
+            fraction = values['fraction'][:6]
+            while len(fraction) < 6:
+                fraction += '0'
+            fraction = int(fraction)
+        if values['tz_sign']:
+            tz_hour = int(values['tz_hour'])
+            tz_minute = int(values['tz_minute'] or 0)
+            delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=tz_hour, minutes=tz_minute)
+            if values['tz_sign'] == '-':
+                delta = -delta
+            tzinfo = datetime.timezone(delta)
+        elif values['tz']:
+            tzinfo = datetime.timezone.utc
+        return datetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fraction,
+                                 tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+    def construct_yaml_omap(self, node):
+        # Note: we do not check for duplicate keys, because it's too
+        # CPU-expensive.
+        omap = []
+        yield omap
+        if not isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing an ordered map", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected a sequence, but found %s" % node.id, node.start_mark)
+        for subnode in node.value:
+            if not isinstance(subnode, MappingNode):
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing an ordered map", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a mapping of length 1, but found %s" % subnode.id,
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            if len(subnode.value) != 1:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing an ordered map", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a single mapping item, but found %d items" % len(subnode.value),
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            key_node, value_node = subnode.value[0]
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node)
+            omap.append((key, value))
+
+    def construct_yaml_pairs(self, node):
+        # Note: the same code as `construct_yaml_omap`.
+        pairs = []
+        yield pairs
+        if not isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing pairs", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected a sequence, but found %s" % node.id, node.start_mark)
+        for subnode in node.value:
+            if not isinstance(subnode, MappingNode):
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing pairs", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a mapping of length 1, but found %s" % subnode.id,
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            if len(subnode.value) != 1:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing pairs", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a single mapping item, but found %d items" % len(subnode.value),
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            key_node, value_node = subnode.value[0]
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node)
+            pairs.append((key, value))
+
+    def construct_yaml_set(self, node):
+        data = set()
+        yield data
+        value = self.construct_mapping(node)
+        data.update(value)
+
+    def construct_yaml_str(self, node):
+        return self.construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def construct_yaml_seq(self, node):
+        data = []
+        yield data
+        data.extend(self.construct_sequence(node))
+
+    def construct_yaml_map(self, node):
+        data = {}
+        yield data
+        value = self.construct_mapping(node)
+        data.update(value)
+
+    def construct_yaml_object(self, node, cls):
+        data = cls.__new__(cls)
+        yield data
+        if hasattr(data, '__setstate__'):
+            state = self.construct_mapping(node, deep=True)
+            data.__setstate__(state)
+        else:
+            state = self.construct_mapping(node)
+            data.__dict__.update(state)
+
+    def construct_undefined(self, node):
+        raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                "could not determine a constructor for the tag %r" % node.tag,
+                node.start_mark)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:null',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_null)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:bool',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_bool)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:int',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_int)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:float',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_float)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:binary',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_binary)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_timestamp)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_omap)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:pairs',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_pairs)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:set',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_set)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:str',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_str)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_seq)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_map)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(None,
+        SafeConstructor.construct_undefined)
+
+class FullConstructor(SafeConstructor):
+    # 'extend' is blacklisted because it is used by
+    # construct_python_object_apply to add `listitems` to a newly generate
+    # python instance
+    def get_state_keys_blacklist(self):
+        return ['^extend$', '^__.*__$']
+
+    def get_state_keys_blacklist_regexp(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, 'state_keys_blacklist_regexp'):
+            self.state_keys_blacklist_regexp = re.compile('(' + '|'.join(self.get_state_keys_blacklist()) + ')')
+        return self.state_keys_blacklist_regexp
+
+    def construct_python_str(self, node):
+        return self.construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def construct_python_unicode(self, node):
+        return self.construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def construct_python_bytes(self, node):
+        try:
+            value = self.construct_scalar(node).encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to convert base64 data into ascii: %s" % exc,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        try:
+            if hasattr(base64, 'decodebytes'):
+                return base64.decodebytes(value)
+            else:
+                return base64.decodestring(value)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to decode base64 data: %s" % exc, node.start_mark)
+
+    def construct_python_long(self, node):
+        return self.construct_yaml_int(node)
+
+    def construct_python_complex(self, node):
+       return complex(self.construct_scalar(node))
+
+    def construct_python_tuple(self, node):
+        return tuple(self.construct_sequence(node))
+
+    def find_python_module(self, name, mark, unsafe=False):
+        if not name:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", mark,
+                    "expected non-empty name appended to the tag", mark)
+        if unsafe:
+            try:
+                __import__(name)
+            except ImportError as exc:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", mark,
+                        "cannot find module %r (%s)" % (name, exc), mark)
+        if name not in sys.modules:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", mark,
+                    "module %r is not imported" % name, mark)
+        return sys.modules[name]
+
+    def find_python_name(self, name, mark, unsafe=False):
+        if not name:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                    "expected non-empty name appended to the tag", mark)
+        if '.' in name:
+            module_name, object_name = name.rsplit('.', 1)
+        else:
+            module_name = 'builtins'
+            object_name = name
+        if unsafe:
+            try:
+                __import__(module_name)
+            except ImportError as exc:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                        "cannot find module %r (%s)" % (module_name, exc), mark)
+        if module_name not in sys.modules:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                    "module %r is not imported" % module_name, mark)
+        module = sys.modules[module_name]
+        if not hasattr(module, object_name):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                    "cannot find %r in the module %r"
+                    % (object_name, module.__name__), mark)
+        return getattr(module, object_name)
+
+    def construct_python_name(self, suffix, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        if value:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python name", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected the empty value, but found %r" % value, node.start_mark)
+        return self.find_python_name(suffix, node.start_mark)
+
+    def construct_python_module(self, suffix, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        if value:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected the empty value, but found %r" % value, node.start_mark)
+        return self.find_python_module(suffix, node.start_mark)
+
+    def make_python_instance(self, suffix, node,
+            args=None, kwds=None, newobj=False, unsafe=False):
+        if not args:
+            args = []
+        if not kwds:
+            kwds = {}
+        cls = self.find_python_name(suffix, node.start_mark)
+        if not (unsafe or isinstance(cls, type)):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python instance", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected a class, but found %r" % type(cls),
+                    node.start_mark)
+        if newobj and isinstance(cls, type):
+            return cls.__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+        else:
+            return cls(*args, **kwds)
+
+    def set_python_instance_state(self, instance, state, unsafe=False):
+        if hasattr(instance, '__setstate__'):
+            instance.__setstate__(state)
+        else:
+            slotstate = {}
+            if isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2:
+                state, slotstate = state
+            if hasattr(instance, '__dict__'):
+                if not unsafe and state:
+                    for key in state.keys():
+                        self.check_state_key(key)
+                instance.__dict__.update(state)
+            elif state:
+                slotstate.update(state)
+            for key, value in slotstate.items():
+                if not unsafe:
+                    self.check_state_key(key)
+                setattr(instance, key, value)
+
+    def construct_python_object(self, suffix, node):
+        # Format:
+        #   !!python/object:module.name { ... state ... }
+        instance = self.make_python_instance(suffix, node, newobj=True)
+        yield instance
+        deep = hasattr(instance, '__setstate__')
+        state = self.construct_mapping(node, deep=deep)
+        self.set_python_instance_state(instance, state)
+
+    def construct_python_object_apply(self, suffix, node, newobj=False):
+        # Format:
+        #   !!python/object/apply       # (or !!python/object/new)
+        #   args: [ ... arguments ... ]
+        #   kwds: { ... keywords ... }
+        #   state: ... state ...
+        #   listitems: [ ... listitems ... ]
+        #   dictitems: { ... dictitems ... }
+        # or short format:
+        #   !!python/object/apply [ ... arguments ... ]
+        # The difference between !!python/object/apply and !!python/object/new
+        # is how an object is created, check make_python_instance for details.
+        if isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            args = self.construct_sequence(node, deep=True)
+            kwds = {}
+            state = {}
+            listitems = []
+            dictitems = {}
+        else:
+            value = self.construct_mapping(node, deep=True)
+            args = value.get('args', [])
+            kwds = value.get('kwds', {})
+            state = value.get('state', {})
+            listitems = value.get('listitems', [])
+            dictitems = value.get('dictitems', {})
+        instance = self.make_python_instance(suffix, node, args, kwds, newobj)
+        if state:
+            self.set_python_instance_state(instance, state)
+        if listitems:
+            instance.extend(listitems)
+        if dictitems:
+            for key in dictitems:
+                instance[key] = dictitems[key]
+        return instance
+
+    def construct_python_object_new(self, suffix, node):
+        return self.construct_python_object_apply(suffix, node, newobj=True)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/none',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_null)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/bool',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_bool)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/str',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_str)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/unicode',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_unicode)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/bytes',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_bytes)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/int',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_int)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/long',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_long)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/float',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_float)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/complex',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_complex)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/list',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_seq)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_tuple)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/dict',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_map)
+
+FullConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_name)
+
+class UnsafeConstructor(FullConstructor):
+
+    def find_python_module(self, name, mark):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).find_python_module(name, mark, unsafe=True)
+
+    def find_python_name(self, name, mark):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).find_python_name(name, mark, unsafe=True)
+
+    def make_python_instance(self, suffix, node, args=None, kwds=None, newobj=False):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).make_python_instance(
+            suffix, node, args, kwds, newobj, unsafe=True)
+
+    def set_python_instance_state(self, instance, state):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).set_python_instance_state(
+            instance, state, unsafe=True)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/module:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_module)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_object)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/new:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_object_new)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/apply:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_object_apply)
+
+# Constructor is same as UnsafeConstructor. Need to leave this in place in case
+# people have extended it directly.
+class Constructor(UnsafeConstructor):
+    pass
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/cyaml.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/cyaml.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c21345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/cyaml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+
+__all__ = [
+    'CBaseLoader', 'CSafeLoader', 'CFullLoader', 'CUnsafeLoader', 'CLoader',
+    'CBaseDumper', 'CSafeDumper', 'CDumper'
+]
+
+from yaml._yaml import CParser, CEmitter
+
+from .constructor import *
+
+from .serializer import *
+from .representer import *
+
+from .resolver import *
+
+class CBaseLoader(CParser, BaseConstructor, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        BaseConstructor.__init__(self)
+        BaseResolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CSafeLoader(CParser, SafeConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        SafeConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CFullLoader(CParser, FullConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        FullConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CUnsafeLoader(CParser, UnsafeConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        UnsafeConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CLoader(CParser, Constructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        Constructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CBaseDumper(CEmitter, BaseRepresenter, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        CEmitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width, encoding=encoding,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CSafeDumper(CEmitter, SafeRepresenter, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        CEmitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width, encoding=encoding,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        SafeRepresenter.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CDumper(CEmitter, Serializer, Representer, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        CEmitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width, encoding=encoding,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/dumper.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/dumper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aadba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/dumper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseDumper', 'SafeDumper', 'Dumper']
+
+from .emitter import *
+from .serializer import *
+from .representer import *
+from .resolver import *
+
+class BaseDumper(Emitter, Serializer, BaseRepresenter, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        Emitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+        Serializer.__init__(self, encoding=encoding,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class SafeDumper(Emitter, Serializer, SafeRepresenter, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        Emitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+        Serializer.__init__(self, encoding=encoding,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        SafeRepresenter.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class Dumper(Emitter, Serializer, Representer, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        Emitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+        Serializer.__init__(self, encoding=encoding,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/emitter.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/emitter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a664d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/emitter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+
+# Emitter expects events obeying the following grammar:
+# stream ::= STREAM-START document* STREAM-END
+# document ::= DOCUMENT-START node DOCUMENT-END
+# node ::= SCALAR | sequence | mapping
+# sequence ::= SEQUENCE-START node* SEQUENCE-END
+# mapping ::= MAPPING-START (node node)* MAPPING-END
+
+__all__ = ['Emitter', 'EmitterError']
+
+from .error import YAMLError
+from .events import *
+
+class EmitterError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class ScalarAnalysis:
+    def __init__(self, scalar, empty, multiline,
+            allow_flow_plain, allow_block_plain,
+            allow_single_quoted, allow_double_quoted,
+            allow_block):
+        self.scalar = scalar
+        self.empty = empty
+        self.multiline = multiline
+        self.allow_flow_plain = allow_flow_plain
+        self.allow_block_plain = allow_block_plain
+        self.allow_single_quoted = allow_single_quoted
+        self.allow_double_quoted = allow_double_quoted
+        self.allow_block = allow_block
+
+class Emitter:
+
+    DEFAULT_TAG_PREFIXES = {
+        '!' : '!',
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:' : '!!',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, stream, canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None):
+
+        # The stream should have the methods `write` and possibly `flush`.
+        self.stream = stream
+
+        # Encoding can be overridden by STREAM-START.
+        self.encoding = None
+
+        # Emitter is a state machine with a stack of states to handle nested
+        # structures.
+        self.states = []
+        self.state = self.expect_stream_start
+
+        # Current event and the event queue.
+        self.events = []
+        self.event = None
+
+        # The current indentation level and the stack of previous indents.
+        self.indents = []
+        self.indent = None
+
+        # Flow level.
+        self.flow_level = 0
+
+        # Contexts.
+        self.root_context = False
+        self.sequence_context = False
+        self.mapping_context = False
+        self.simple_key_context = False
+
+        # Characteristics of the last emitted character:
+        #  - current position.
+        #  - is it a whitespace?
+        #  - is it an indention character
+        #    (indentation space, '-', '?', or ':')?
+        self.line = 0
+        self.column = 0
+        self.whitespace = True
+        self.indention = True
+
+        # Whether the document requires an explicit document indicator
+        self.open_ended = False
+
+        # Formatting details.
+        self.canonical = canonical
+        self.allow_unicode = allow_unicode
+        self.best_indent = 2
+        if indent and 1 < indent < 10:
+            self.best_indent = indent
+        self.best_width = 80
+        if width and width > self.best_indent*2:
+            self.best_width = width
+        self.best_line_break = '\n'
+        if line_break in ['\r', '\n', '\r\n']:
+            self.best_line_break = line_break
+
+        # Tag prefixes.
+        self.tag_prefixes = None
+
+        # Prepared anchor and tag.
+        self.prepared_anchor = None
+        self.prepared_tag = None
+
+        # Scalar analysis and style.
+        self.analysis = None
+        self.style = None
+
+    def dispose(self):
+        # Reset the state attributes (to clear self-references)
+        self.states = []
+        self.state = None
+
+    def emit(self, event):
+        self.events.append(event)
+        while not self.need_more_events():
+            self.event = self.events.pop(0)
+            self.state()
+            self.event = None
+
+    # In some cases, we wait for a few next events before emitting.
+
+    def need_more_events(self):
+        if not self.events:
+            return True
+        event = self.events[0]
+        if isinstance(event, DocumentStartEvent):
+            return self.need_events(1)
+        elif isinstance(event, SequenceStartEvent):
+            return self.need_events(2)
+        elif isinstance(event, MappingStartEvent):
+            return self.need_events(3)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def need_events(self, count):
+        level = 0
+        for event in self.events[1:]:
+            if isinstance(event, (DocumentStartEvent, CollectionStartEvent)):
+                level += 1
+            elif isinstance(event, (DocumentEndEvent, CollectionEndEvent)):
+                level -= 1
+            elif isinstance(event, StreamEndEvent):
+                level = -1
+            if level < 0:
+                return False
+        return (len(self.events) < count+1)
+
+    def increase_indent(self, flow=False, indentless=False):
+        self.indents.append(self.indent)
+        if self.indent is None:
+            if flow:
+                self.indent = self.best_indent
+            else:
+                self.indent = 0
+        elif not indentless:
+            self.indent += self.best_indent
+
+    # States.
+
+    # Stream handlers.
+
+    def expect_stream_start(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, StreamStartEvent):
+            if self.event.encoding and not hasattr(self.stream, 'encoding'):
+                self.encoding = self.event.encoding
+            self.write_stream_start()
+            self.state = self.expect_first_document_start
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected StreamStartEvent, but got %s"
+                    % self.event)
+
+    def expect_nothing(self):
+        raise EmitterError("expected nothing, but got %s" % self.event)
+
+    # Document handlers.
+
+    def expect_first_document_start(self):
+        return self.expect_document_start(first=True)
+
+    def expect_document_start(self, first=False):
+        if isinstance(self.event, DocumentStartEvent):
+            if (self.event.version or self.event.tags) and self.open_ended:
+                self.write_indicator('...', True)
+                self.write_indent()
+            if self.event.version:
+                version_text = self.prepare_version(self.event.version)
+                self.write_version_directive(version_text)
+            self.tag_prefixes = self.DEFAULT_TAG_PREFIXES.copy()
+            if self.event.tags:
+                handles = sorted(self.event.tags.keys())
+                for handle in handles:
+                    prefix = self.event.tags[handle]
+                    self.tag_prefixes[prefix] = handle
+                    handle_text = self.prepare_tag_handle(handle)
+                    prefix_text = self.prepare_tag_prefix(prefix)
+                    self.write_tag_directive(handle_text, prefix_text)
+            implicit = (first and not self.event.explicit and not self.canonical
+                    and not self.event.version and not self.event.tags
+                    and not self.check_empty_document())
+            if not implicit:
+                self.write_indent()
+                self.write_indicator('---', True)
+                if self.canonical:
+                    self.write_indent()
+            self.state = self.expect_document_root
+        elif isinstance(self.event, StreamEndEvent):
+            if self.open_ended:
+                self.write_indicator('...', True)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.write_stream_end()
+            self.state = self.expect_nothing
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected DocumentStartEvent, but got %s"
+                    % self.event)
+
+    def expect_document_end(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, DocumentEndEvent):
+            self.write_indent()
+            if self.event.explicit:
+                self.write_indicator('...', True)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.flush_stream()
+            self.state = self.expect_document_start
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected DocumentEndEvent, but got %s"
+                    % self.event)
+
+    def expect_document_root(self):
+        self.states.append(self.expect_document_end)
+        self.expect_node(root=True)
+
+    # Node handlers.
+
+    def expect_node(self, root=False, sequence=False, mapping=False,
+            simple_key=False):
+        self.root_context = root
+        self.sequence_context = sequence
+        self.mapping_context = mapping
+        self.simple_key_context = simple_key
+        if isinstance(self.event, AliasEvent):
+            self.expect_alias()
+        elif isinstance(self.event, (ScalarEvent, CollectionStartEvent)):
+            self.process_anchor('&')
+            self.process_tag()
+            if isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent):
+                self.expect_scalar()
+            elif isinstance(self.event, SequenceStartEvent):
+                if self.flow_level or self.canonical or self.event.flow_style   \
+                        or self.check_empty_sequence():
+                    self.expect_flow_sequence()
+                else:
+                    self.expect_block_sequence()
+            elif isinstance(self.event, MappingStartEvent):
+                if self.flow_level or self.canonical or self.event.flow_style   \
+                        or self.check_empty_mapping():
+                    self.expect_flow_mapping()
+                else:
+                    self.expect_block_mapping()
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected NodeEvent, but got %s" % self.event)
+
+    def expect_alias(self):
+        if self.event.anchor is None:
+            raise EmitterError("anchor is not specified for alias")
+        self.process_anchor('*')
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+
+    def expect_scalar(self):
+        self.increase_indent(flow=True)
+        self.process_scalar()
+        self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+
+    # Flow sequence handlers.
+
+    def expect_flow_sequence(self):
+        self.write_indicator('[', True, whitespace=True)
+        self.flow_level += 1
+        self.increase_indent(flow=True)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_flow_sequence_item
+
+    def expect_first_flow_sequence_item(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, SequenceEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            self.write_indicator(']', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.states.append(self.expect_flow_sequence_item)
+            self.expect_node(sequence=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_sequence_item(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, SequenceEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            if self.canonical:
+                self.write_indicator(',', False)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.write_indicator(']', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indicator(',', False)
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.states.append(self.expect_flow_sequence_item)
+            self.expect_node(sequence=True)
+
+    # Flow mapping handlers.
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping(self):
+        self.write_indicator('{', True, whitespace=True)
+        self.flow_level += 1
+        self.increase_indent(flow=True)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_flow_mapping_key
+
+    def expect_first_flow_mapping_key(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, MappingEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            self.write_indicator('}', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            if not self.canonical and self.check_simple_key():
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_simple_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True, simple_key=True)
+            else:
+                self.write_indicator('?', True)
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping_key(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, MappingEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            if self.canonical:
+                self.write_indicator(',', False)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.write_indicator('}', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indicator(',', False)
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            if not self.canonical and self.check_simple_key():
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_simple_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True, simple_key=True)
+            else:
+                self.write_indicator('?', True)
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping_simple_value(self):
+        self.write_indicator(':', False)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+            self.write_indent()
+        self.write_indicator(':', True)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    # Block sequence handlers.
+
+    def expect_block_sequence(self):
+        indentless = (self.mapping_context and not self.indention)
+        self.increase_indent(flow=False, indentless=indentless)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_block_sequence_item
+
+    def expect_first_block_sequence_item(self):
+        return self.expect_block_sequence_item(first=True)
+
+    def expect_block_sequence_item(self, first=False):
+        if not first and isinstance(self.event, SequenceEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indent()
+            self.write_indicator('-', True, indention=True)
+            self.states.append(self.expect_block_sequence_item)
+            self.expect_node(sequence=True)
+
+    # Block mapping handlers.
+
+    def expect_block_mapping(self):
+        self.increase_indent(flow=False)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_block_mapping_key
+
+    def expect_first_block_mapping_key(self):
+        return self.expect_block_mapping_key(first=True)
+
+    def expect_block_mapping_key(self, first=False):
+        if not first and isinstance(self.event, MappingEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indent()
+            if self.check_simple_key():
+                self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_simple_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True, simple_key=True)
+            else:
+                self.write_indicator('?', True, indention=True)
+                self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_block_mapping_simple_value(self):
+        self.write_indicator(':', False)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_block_mapping_value(self):
+        self.write_indent()
+        self.write_indicator(':', True, indention=True)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    # Checkers.
+
+    def check_empty_sequence(self):
+        return (isinstance(self.event, SequenceStartEvent) and self.events
+                and isinstance(self.events[0], SequenceEndEvent))
+
+    def check_empty_mapping(self):
+        return (isinstance(self.event, MappingStartEvent) and self.events
+                and isinstance(self.events[0], MappingEndEvent))
+
+    def check_empty_document(self):
+        if not isinstance(self.event, DocumentStartEvent) or not self.events:
+            return False
+        event = self.events[0]
+        return (isinstance(event, ScalarEvent) and event.anchor is None
+                and event.tag is None and event.implicit and event.value == '')
+
+    def check_simple_key(self):
+        length = 0
+        if isinstance(self.event, NodeEvent) and self.event.anchor is not None:
+            if self.prepared_anchor is None:
+                self.prepared_anchor = self.prepare_anchor(self.event.anchor)
+            length += len(self.prepared_anchor)
+        if isinstance(self.event, (ScalarEvent, CollectionStartEvent))  \
+                and self.event.tag is not None:
+            if self.prepared_tag is None:
+                self.prepared_tag = self.prepare_tag(self.event.tag)
+            length += len(self.prepared_tag)
+        if isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent):
+            if self.analysis is None:
+                self.analysis = self.analyze_scalar(self.event.value)
+            length += len(self.analysis.scalar)
+        return (length < 128 and (isinstance(self.event, AliasEvent)
+            or (isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent)
+                    and not self.analysis.empty and not self.analysis.multiline)
+            or self.check_empty_sequence() or self.check_empty_mapping()))
+
+    # Anchor, Tag, and Scalar processors.
+
+    def process_anchor(self, indicator):
+        if self.event.anchor is None:
+            self.prepared_anchor = None
+            return
+        if self.prepared_anchor is None:
+            self.prepared_anchor = self.prepare_anchor(self.event.anchor)
+        if self.prepared_anchor:
+            self.write_indicator(indicator+self.prepared_anchor, True)
+        self.prepared_anchor = None
+
+    def process_tag(self):
+        tag = self.event.tag
+        if isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent):
+            if self.style is None:
+                self.style = self.choose_scalar_style()
+            if ((not self.canonical or tag is None) and
+                ((self.style == '' and self.event.implicit[0])
+                        or (self.style != '' and self.event.implicit[1]))):
+                self.prepared_tag = None
+                return
+            if self.event.implicit[0] and tag is None:
+                tag = '!'
+                self.prepared_tag = None
+        else:
+            if (not self.canonical or tag is None) and self.event.implicit:
+                self.prepared_tag = None
+                return
+        if tag is None:
+            raise EmitterError("tag is not specified")
+        if self.prepared_tag is None:
+            self.prepared_tag = self.prepare_tag(tag)
+        if self.prepared_tag:
+            self.write_indicator(self.prepared_tag, True)
+        self.prepared_tag = None
+
+    def choose_scalar_style(self):
+        if self.analysis is None:
+            self.analysis = self.analyze_scalar(self.event.value)
+        if self.event.style == '"' or self.canonical:
+            return '"'
+        if not self.event.style and self.event.implicit[0]:
+            if (not (self.simple_key_context and
+                    (self.analysis.empty or self.analysis.multiline))
+                and (self.flow_level and self.analysis.allow_flow_plain
+                    or (not self.flow_level and self.analysis.allow_block_plain))):
+                return ''
+        if self.event.style and self.event.style in '|>':
+            if (not self.flow_level and not self.simple_key_context
+                    and self.analysis.allow_block):
+                return self.event.style
+        if not self.event.style or self.event.style == '\'':
+            if (self.analysis.allow_single_quoted and
+                    not (self.simple_key_context and self.analysis.multiline)):
+                return '\''
+        return '"'
+
+    def process_scalar(self):
+        if self.analysis is None:
+            self.analysis = self.analyze_scalar(self.event.value)
+        if self.style is None:
+            self.style = self.choose_scalar_style()
+        split = (not self.simple_key_context)
+        #if self.analysis.multiline and split    \
+        #        and (not self.style or self.style in '\'\"'):
+        #    self.write_indent()
+        if self.style == '"':
+            self.write_double_quoted(self.analysis.scalar, split)
+        elif self.style == '\'':
+            self.write_single_quoted(self.analysis.scalar, split)
+        elif self.style == '>':
+            self.write_folded(self.analysis.scalar)
+        elif self.style == '|':
+            self.write_literal(self.analysis.scalar)
+        else:
+            self.write_plain(self.analysis.scalar, split)
+        self.analysis = None
+        self.style = None
+
+    # Analyzers.
+
+    def prepare_version(self, version):
+        major, minor = version
+        if major != 1:
+            raise EmitterError("unsupported YAML version: %d.%d" % (major, minor))
+        return '%d.%d' % (major, minor)
+
+    def prepare_tag_handle(self, handle):
+        if not handle:
+            raise EmitterError("tag handle must not be empty")
+        if handle[0] != '!' or handle[-1] != '!':
+            raise EmitterError("tag handle must start and end with '!': %r" % handle)
+        for ch in handle[1:-1]:
+            if not ('0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'    \
+                    or ch in '-_'):
+                raise EmitterError("invalid character %r in the tag handle: %r"
+                        % (ch, handle))
+        return handle
+
+    def prepare_tag_prefix(self, prefix):
+        if not prefix:
+            raise EmitterError("tag prefix must not be empty")
+        chunks = []
+        start = end = 0
+        if prefix[0] == '!':
+            end = 1
+        while end < len(prefix):
+            ch = prefix[end]
+            if '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z' \
+                    or ch in '-;/?!:@&=+$,_.~*\'()[]':
+                end += 1
+            else:
+                if start < end:
+                    chunks.append(prefix[start:end])
+                start = end = end+1
+                data = ch.encode('utf-8')
+                for ch in data:
+                    chunks.append('%%%02X' % ord(ch))
+        if start < end:
+            chunks.append(prefix[start:end])
+        return ''.join(chunks)
+
+    def prepare_tag(self, tag):
+        if not tag:
+            raise EmitterError("tag must not be empty")
+        if tag == '!':
+            return tag
+        handle = None
+        suffix = tag
+        prefixes = sorted(self.tag_prefixes.keys())
+        for prefix in prefixes:
+            if tag.startswith(prefix)   \
+                    and (prefix == '!' or len(prefix) < len(tag)):
+                handle = self.tag_prefixes[prefix]
+                suffix = tag[len(prefix):]
+        chunks = []
+        start = end = 0
+        while end < len(suffix):
+            ch = suffix[end]
+            if '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z' \
+                    or ch in '-;/?:@&=+$,_.~*\'()[]'   \
+                    or (ch == '!' and handle != '!'):
+                end += 1
+            else:
+                if start < end:
+                    chunks.append(suffix[start:end])
+                start = end = end+1
+                data = ch.encode('utf-8')
+                for ch in data:
+                    chunks.append('%%%02X' % ch)
+        if start < end:
+            chunks.append(suffix[start:end])
+        suffix_text = ''.join(chunks)
+        if handle:
+            return '%s%s' % (handle, suffix_text)
+        else:
+            return '!<%s>' % suffix_text
+
+    def prepare_anchor(self, anchor):
+        if not anchor:
+            raise EmitterError("anchor must not be empty")
+        for ch in anchor:
+            if not ('0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'    \
+                    or ch in '-_'):
+                raise EmitterError("invalid character %r in the anchor: %r"
+                        % (ch, anchor))
+        return anchor
+
+    def analyze_scalar(self, scalar):
+
+        # Empty scalar is a special case.
+        if not scalar:
+            return ScalarAnalysis(scalar=scalar, empty=True, multiline=False,
+                    allow_flow_plain=False, allow_block_plain=True,
+                    allow_single_quoted=True, allow_double_quoted=True,
+                    allow_block=False)
+
+        # Indicators and special characters.
+        block_indicators = False
+        flow_indicators = False
+        line_breaks = False
+        special_characters = False
+
+        # Important whitespace combinations.
+        leading_space = False
+        leading_break = False
+        trailing_space = False
+        trailing_break = False
+        break_space = False
+        space_break = False
+
+        # Check document indicators.
+        if scalar.startswith('---') or scalar.startswith('...'):
+            block_indicators = True
+            flow_indicators = True
+
+        # First character or preceded by a whitespace.
+        preceded_by_whitespace = True
+
+        # Last character or followed by a whitespace.
+        followed_by_whitespace = (len(scalar) == 1 or
+                scalar[1] in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+
+        # The previous character is a space.
+        previous_space = False
+
+        # The previous character is a break.
+        previous_break = False
+
+        index = 0
+        while index < len(scalar):
+            ch = scalar[index]
+
+            # Check for indicators.
+            if index == 0:
+                # Leading indicators are special characters.
+                if ch in '#,[]{}&*!|>\'\"%@`':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    block_indicators = True
+                if ch in '?:':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    if followed_by_whitespace:
+                        block_indicators = True
+                if ch == '-' and followed_by_whitespace:
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    block_indicators = True
+            else:
+                # Some indicators cannot appear within a scalar as well.
+                if ch in ',?[]{}':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                if ch == ':':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    if followed_by_whitespace:
+                        block_indicators = True
+                if ch == '#' and preceded_by_whitespace:
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    block_indicators = True
+
+            # Check for line breaks, special, and unicode characters.
+            if ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                line_breaks = True
+            if not (ch == '\n' or '\x20' <= ch <= '\x7E'):
+                if (ch == '\x85' or '\xA0' <= ch <= '\uD7FF'
+                        or '\uE000' <= ch <= '\uFFFD'
+                        or '\U00010000' <= ch < '\U0010ffff') and ch != '\uFEFF':
+                    unicode_characters = True
+                    if not self.allow_unicode:
+                        special_characters = True
+                else:
+                    special_characters = True
+
+            # Detect important whitespace combinations.
+            if ch == ' ':
+                if index == 0:
+                    leading_space = True
+                if index == len(scalar)-1:
+                    trailing_space = True
+                if previous_break:
+                    break_space = True
+                previous_space = True
+                previous_break = False
+            elif ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                if index == 0:
+                    leading_break = True
+                if index == len(scalar)-1:
+                    trailing_break = True
+                if previous_space:
+                    space_break = True
+                previous_space = False
+                previous_break = True
+            else:
+                previous_space = False
+                previous_break = False
+
+            # Prepare for the next character.
+            index += 1
+            preceded_by_whitespace = (ch in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            followed_by_whitespace = (index+1 >= len(scalar) or
+                    scalar[index+1] in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+
+        # Let's decide what styles are allowed.
+        allow_flow_plain = True
+        allow_block_plain = True
+        allow_single_quoted = True
+        allow_double_quoted = True
+        allow_block = True
+
+        # Leading and trailing whitespaces are bad for plain scalars.
+        if (leading_space or leading_break
+                or trailing_space or trailing_break):
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain = False
+
+        # We do not permit trailing spaces for block scalars.
+        if trailing_space:
+            allow_block = False
+
+        # Spaces at the beginning of a new line are only acceptable for block
+        # scalars.
+        if break_space:
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain = allow_single_quoted = False
+
+        # Spaces followed by breaks, as well as special character are only
+        # allowed for double quoted scalars.
+        if space_break or special_characters:
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain =  \
+            allow_single_quoted = allow_block = False
+
+        # Although the plain scalar writer supports breaks, we never emit
+        # multiline plain scalars.
+        if line_breaks:
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain = False
+
+        # Flow indicators are forbidden for flow plain scalars.
+        if flow_indicators:
+            allow_flow_plain = False
+
+        # Block indicators are forbidden for block plain scalars.
+        if block_indicators:
+            allow_block_plain = False
+
+        return ScalarAnalysis(scalar=scalar,
+                empty=False, multiline=line_breaks,
+                allow_flow_plain=allow_flow_plain,
+                allow_block_plain=allow_block_plain,
+                allow_single_quoted=allow_single_quoted,
+                allow_double_quoted=allow_double_quoted,
+                allow_block=allow_block)
+
+    # Writers.
+
+    def flush_stream(self):
+        if hasattr(self.stream, 'flush'):
+            self.stream.flush()
+
+    def write_stream_start(self):
+        # Write BOM if needed.
+        if self.encoding and self.encoding.startswith('utf-16'):
+            self.stream.write('\uFEFF'.encode(self.encoding))
+
+    def write_stream_end(self):
+        self.flush_stream()
+
+    def write_indicator(self, indicator, need_whitespace,
+            whitespace=False, indention=False):
+        if self.whitespace or not need_whitespace:
+            data = indicator
+        else:
+            data = ' '+indicator
+        self.whitespace = whitespace
+        self.indention = self.indention and indention
+        self.column += len(data)
+        self.open_ended = False
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+
+    def write_indent(self):
+        indent = self.indent or 0
+        if not self.indention or self.column > indent   \
+                or (self.column == indent and not self.whitespace):
+            self.write_line_break()
+        if self.column < indent:
+            self.whitespace = True
+            data = ' '*(indent-self.column)
+            self.column = indent
+            if self.encoding:
+                data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+            self.stream.write(data)
+
+    def write_line_break(self, data=None):
+        if data is None:
+            data = self.best_line_break
+        self.whitespace = True
+        self.indention = True
+        self.line += 1
+        self.column = 0
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+
+    def write_version_directive(self, version_text):
+        data = '%%YAML %s' % version_text
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+        self.write_line_break()
+
+    def write_tag_directive(self, handle_text, prefix_text):
+        data = '%%TAG %s %s' % (handle_text, prefix_text)
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+        self.write_line_break()
+
+    # Scalar streams.
+
+    def write_single_quoted(self, text, split=True):
+        self.write_indicator('\'', True)
+        spaces = False
+        breaks = False
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if spaces:
+                if ch is None or ch != ' ':
+                    if start+1 == end and self.column > self.best_width and split   \
+                            and start != 0 and end != len(text):
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    else:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            elif breaks:
+                if ch is None or ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    if text[start] == '\n':
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    self.write_indent()
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029' or ch == '\'':
+                    if start < end:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                        start = end
+            if ch == '\'':
+                data = '\'\''
+                self.column += 2
+                if self.encoding:
+                    data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                self.stream.write(data)
+                start = end + 1
+            if ch is not None:
+                spaces = (ch == ' ')
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            end += 1
+        self.write_indicator('\'', False)
+
+    ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = {
+        '\0':       '0',
+        '\x07':     'a',
+        '\x08':     'b',
+        '\x09':     't',
+        '\x0A':     'n',
+        '\x0B':     'v',
+        '\x0C':     'f',
+        '\x0D':     'r',
+        '\x1B':     'e',
+        '\"':       '\"',
+        '\\':       '\\',
+        '\x85':     'N',
+        '\xA0':     '_',
+        '\u2028':   'L',
+        '\u2029':   'P',
+    }
+
+    def write_double_quoted(self, text, split=True):
+        self.write_indicator('"', True)
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if ch is None or ch in '"\\\x85\u2028\u2029\uFEFF' \
+                    or not ('\x20' <= ch <= '\x7E'
+                        or (self.allow_unicode
+                            and ('\xA0' <= ch <= '\uD7FF'
+                                or '\uE000' <= ch <= '\uFFFD'))):
+                if start < end:
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+                if ch is not None:
+                    if ch in self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS:
+                        data = '\\'+self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[ch]
+                    elif ch <= '\xFF':
+                        data = '\\x%02X' % ord(ch)
+                    elif ch <= '\uFFFF':
+                        data = '\\u%04X' % ord(ch)
+                    else:
+                        data = '\\U%08X' % ord(ch)
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end+1
+            if 0 < end < len(text)-1 and (ch == ' ' or start >= end)    \
+                    and self.column+(end-start) > self.best_width and split:
+                data = text[start:end]+'\\'
+                if start < end:
+                    start = end
+                self.column += len(data)
+                if self.encoding:
+                    data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                self.stream.write(data)
+                self.write_indent()
+                self.whitespace = False
+                self.indention = False
+                if text[start] == ' ':
+                    data = '\\'
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+            end += 1
+        self.write_indicator('"', False)
+
+    def determine_block_hints(self, text):
+        hints = ''
+        if text:
+            if text[0] in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                hints += str(self.best_indent)
+            if text[-1] not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                hints += '-'
+            elif len(text) == 1 or text[-2] in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                hints += '+'
+        return hints
+
+    def write_folded(self, text):
+        hints = self.determine_block_hints(text)
+        self.write_indicator('>'+hints, True)
+        if hints[-1:] == '+':
+            self.open_ended = True
+        self.write_line_break()
+        leading_space = True
+        spaces = False
+        breaks = True
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if breaks:
+                if ch is None or ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    if not leading_space and ch is not None and ch != ' '   \
+                            and text[start] == '\n':
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    leading_space = (ch == ' ')
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    if ch is not None:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    start = end
+            elif spaces:
+                if ch != ' ':
+                    if start+1 == end and self.column > self.best_width:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    else:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    if ch is None:
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    start = end
+            if ch is not None:
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+                spaces = (ch == ' ')
+            end += 1
+
+    def write_literal(self, text):
+        hints = self.determine_block_hints(text)
+        self.write_indicator('|'+hints, True)
+        if hints[-1:] == '+':
+            self.open_ended = True
+        self.write_line_break()
+        breaks = True
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if breaks:
+                if ch is None or ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    if ch is not None:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    if ch is None:
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    start = end
+            if ch is not None:
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            end += 1
+
+    def write_plain(self, text, split=True):
+        if self.root_context:
+            self.open_ended = True
+        if not text:
+            return
+        if not self.whitespace:
+            data = ' '
+            self.column += len(data)
+            if self.encoding:
+                data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+            self.stream.write(data)
+        self.whitespace = False
+        self.indention = False
+        spaces = False
+        breaks = False
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if spaces:
+                if ch != ' ':
+                    if start+1 == end and self.column > self.best_width and split:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                        self.whitespace = False
+                        self.indention = False
+                    else:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            elif breaks:
+                if ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    if text[start] == '\n':
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    self.write_indent()
+                    self.whitespace = False
+                    self.indention = False
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            if ch is not None:
+                spaces = (ch == ' ')
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            end += 1
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/error.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/error.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b796b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+__all__ = ['Mark', 'YAMLError', 'MarkedYAMLError']
+
+class Mark:
+
+    def __init__(self, name, index, line, column, buffer, pointer):
+        self.name = name
+        self.index = index
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+        self.buffer = buffer
+        self.pointer = pointer
+
+    def get_snippet(self, indent=4, max_length=75):
+        if self.buffer is None:
+            return None
+        head = ''
+        start = self.pointer
+        while start > 0 and self.buffer[start-1] not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            start -= 1
+            if self.pointer-start > max_length/2-1:
+                head = ' ... '
+                start += 5
+                break
+        tail = ''
+        end = self.pointer
+        while end < len(self.buffer) and self.buffer[end] not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            end += 1
+            if end-self.pointer > max_length/2-1:
+                tail = ' ... '
+                end -= 5
+                break
+        snippet = self.buffer[start:end]
+        return ' '*indent + head + snippet + tail + '\n'  \
+                + ' '*(indent+self.pointer-start+len(head)) + '^'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        snippet = self.get_snippet()
+        where = "  in \"%s\", line %d, column %d"   \
+                % (self.name, self.line+1, self.column+1)
+        if snippet is not None:
+            where += ":\n"+snippet
+        return where
+
+class YAMLError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+class MarkedYAMLError(YAMLError):
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, context_mark=None,
+            problem=None, problem_mark=None, note=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.context_mark = context_mark
+        self.problem = problem
+        self.problem_mark = problem_mark
+        self.note = note
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        lines = []
+        if self.context is not None:
+            lines.append(self.context)
+        if self.context_mark is not None  \
+            and (self.problem is None or self.problem_mark is None
+                    or self.context_mark.name != self.problem_mark.name
+                    or self.context_mark.line != self.problem_mark.line
+                    or self.context_mark.column != self.problem_mark.column):
+            lines.append(str(self.context_mark))
+        if self.problem is not None:
+            lines.append(self.problem)
+        if self.problem_mark is not None:
+            lines.append(str(self.problem_mark))
+        if self.note is not None:
+            lines.append(self.note)
+        return '\n'.join(lines)
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/events.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f79ad38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+
+# Abstract classes.
+
+class Event(object):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+    def __repr__(self):
+        attributes = [key for key in ['anchor', 'tag', 'implicit', 'value']
+                if hasattr(self, key)]
+        arguments = ', '.join(['%s=%r' % (key, getattr(self, key))
+                for key in attributes])
+        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, arguments)
+
+class NodeEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, anchor, start_mark=None, end_mark=None):
+        self.anchor = anchor
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class CollectionStartEvent(NodeEvent):
+    def __init__(self, anchor, tag, implicit, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            flow_style=None):
+        self.anchor = anchor
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.implicit = implicit
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.flow_style = flow_style
+
+class CollectionEndEvent(Event):
+    pass
+
+# Implementations.
+
+class StreamStartEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None, encoding=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+class StreamEndEvent(Event):
+    pass
+
+class DocumentStartEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            explicit=None, version=None, tags=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.explicit = explicit
+        self.version = version
+        self.tags = tags
+
+class DocumentEndEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            explicit=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.explicit = explicit
+
+class AliasEvent(NodeEvent):
+    pass
+
+class ScalarEvent(NodeEvent):
+    def __init__(self, anchor, tag, implicit, value,
+            start_mark=None, end_mark=None, style=None):
+        self.anchor = anchor
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.implicit = implicit
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.style = style
+
+class SequenceStartEvent(CollectionStartEvent):
+    pass
+
+class SequenceEndEvent(CollectionEndEvent):
+    pass
+
+class MappingStartEvent(CollectionStartEvent):
+    pass
+
+class MappingEndEvent(CollectionEndEvent):
+    pass
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/loader.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/loader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e90c112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/loader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseLoader', 'FullLoader', 'SafeLoader', 'Loader', 'UnsafeLoader']
+
+from .reader import *
+from .scanner import *
+from .parser import *
+from .composer import *
+from .constructor import *
+from .resolver import *
+
+class BaseLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, BaseConstructor, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        BaseConstructor.__init__(self)
+        BaseResolver.__init__(self)
+
+class FullLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, FullConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        FullConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class SafeLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, SafeConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        SafeConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class Loader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, Constructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        Constructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+# UnsafeLoader is the same as Loader (which is and was always unsafe on
+# untrusted input). Use of either Loader or UnsafeLoader should be rare, since
+# FullLoad should be able to load almost all YAML safely. Loader is left intact
+# to ensure backwards compatibility.
+class UnsafeLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, Constructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        Constructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/nodes.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4f070c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+class Node(object):
+    def __init__(self, tag, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+    def __repr__(self):
+        value = self.value
+        #if isinstance(value, list):
+        #    if len(value) == 0:
+        #        value = '<empty>'
+        #    elif len(value) == 1:
+        #        value = '<1 item>'
+        #    else:
+        #        value = '<%d items>' % len(value)
+        #else:
+        #    if len(value) > 75:
+        #        value = repr(value[:70]+u' ... ')
+        #    else:
+        #        value = repr(value)
+        value = repr(value)
+        return '%s(tag=%r, value=%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.tag, value)
+
+class ScalarNode(Node):
+    id = 'scalar'
+    def __init__(self, tag, value,
+            start_mark=None, end_mark=None, style=None):
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.style = style
+
+class CollectionNode(Node):
+    def __init__(self, tag, value,
+            start_mark=None, end_mark=None, flow_style=None):
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.flow_style = flow_style
+
+class SequenceNode(CollectionNode):
+    id = 'sequence'
+
+class MappingNode(CollectionNode):
+    id = 'mapping'
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/parser.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13a5995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+
+# The following YAML grammar is LL(1) and is parsed by a recursive descent
+# parser.
+#
+# stream            ::= STREAM-START implicit_document? explicit_document* STREAM-END
+# implicit_document ::= block_node DOCUMENT-END*
+# explicit_document ::= DIRECTIVE* DOCUMENT-START block_node? DOCUMENT-END*
+# block_node_or_indentless_sequence ::=
+#                       ALIAS
+#                       | properties (block_content | indentless_block_sequence)?
+#                       | block_content
+#                       | indentless_block_sequence
+# block_node        ::= ALIAS
+#                       | properties block_content?
+#                       | block_content
+# flow_node         ::= ALIAS
+#                       | properties flow_content?
+#                       | flow_content
+# properties        ::= TAG ANCHOR? | ANCHOR TAG?
+# block_content     ::= block_collection | flow_collection | SCALAR
+# flow_content      ::= flow_collection | SCALAR
+# block_collection  ::= block_sequence | block_mapping
+# flow_collection   ::= flow_sequence | flow_mapping
+# block_sequence    ::= BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)* BLOCK-END
+# indentless_sequence   ::= (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)+
+# block_mapping     ::= BLOCK-MAPPING_START
+#                       ((KEY block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?
+#                       (VALUE block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?)*
+#                       BLOCK-END
+# flow_sequence     ::= FLOW-SEQUENCE-START
+#                       (flow_sequence_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+#                       flow_sequence_entry?
+#                       FLOW-SEQUENCE-END
+# flow_sequence_entry   ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+# flow_mapping      ::= FLOW-MAPPING-START
+#                       (flow_mapping_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+#                       flow_mapping_entry?
+#                       FLOW-MAPPING-END
+# flow_mapping_entry    ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+#
+# FIRST sets:
+#
+# stream: { STREAM-START }
+# explicit_document: { DIRECTIVE DOCUMENT-START }
+# implicit_document: FIRST(block_node)
+# block_node: { ALIAS TAG ANCHOR SCALAR BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_node: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# block_content: { BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START SCALAR }
+# flow_content: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START SCALAR }
+# block_collection: { BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_collection: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# block_sequence: { BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START }
+# block_mapping: { BLOCK-MAPPING-START }
+# block_node_or_indentless_sequence: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START BLOCK-ENTRY }
+# indentless_sequence: { ENTRY }
+# flow_collection: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_sequence: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START }
+# flow_mapping: { FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_sequence_entry: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START KEY }
+# flow_mapping_entry: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START KEY }
+
+__all__ = ['Parser', 'ParserError']
+
+from .error import MarkedYAMLError
+from .tokens import *
+from .events import *
+from .scanner import *
+
+class ParserError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class Parser:
+    # Since writing a recursive-descendant parser is a straightforward task, we
+    # do not give many comments here.
+
+    DEFAULT_TAGS = {
+        '!':   '!',
+        '!!':  'tag:yaml.org,2002:',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.current_event = None
+        self.yaml_version = None
+        self.tag_handles = {}
+        self.states = []
+        self.marks = []
+        self.state = self.parse_stream_start
+
+    def dispose(self):
+        # Reset the state attributes (to clear self-references)
+        self.states = []
+        self.state = None
+
+    def check_event(self, *choices):
+        # Check the type of the next event.
+        if self.current_event is None:
+            if self.state:
+                self.current_event = self.state()
+        if self.current_event is not None:
+            if not choices:
+                return True
+            for choice in choices:
+                if isinstance(self.current_event, choice):
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+    def peek_event(self):
+        # Get the next event.
+        if self.current_event is None:
+            if self.state:
+                self.current_event = self.state()
+        return self.current_event
+
+    def get_event(self):
+        # Get the next event and proceed further.
+        if self.current_event is None:
+            if self.state:
+                self.current_event = self.state()
+        value = self.current_event
+        self.current_event = None
+        return value
+
+    # stream    ::= STREAM-START implicit_document? explicit_document* STREAM-END
+    # implicit_document ::= block_node DOCUMENT-END*
+    # explicit_document ::= DIRECTIVE* DOCUMENT-START block_node? DOCUMENT-END*
+
+    def parse_stream_start(self):
+
+        # Parse the stream start.
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = StreamStartEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark,
+                encoding=token.encoding)
+
+        # Prepare the next state.
+        self.state = self.parse_implicit_document_start
+
+        return event
+
+    def parse_implicit_document_start(self):
+
+        # Parse an implicit document.
+        if not self.check_token(DirectiveToken, DocumentStartToken,
+                StreamEndToken):
+            self.tag_handles = self.DEFAULT_TAGS
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            start_mark = end_mark = token.start_mark
+            event = DocumentStartEvent(start_mark, end_mark,
+                    explicit=False)
+
+            # Prepare the next state.
+            self.states.append(self.parse_document_end)
+            self.state = self.parse_block_node
+
+            return event
+
+        else:
+            return self.parse_document_start()
+
+    def parse_document_start(self):
+
+        # Parse any extra document end indicators.
+        while self.check_token(DocumentEndToken):
+            self.get_token()
+
+        # Parse an explicit document.
+        if not self.check_token(StreamEndToken):
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            start_mark = token.start_mark
+            version, tags = self.process_directives()
+            if not self.check_token(DocumentStartToken):
+                raise ParserError(None, None,
+                        "expected '<document start>', but found %r"
+                        % self.peek_token().id,
+                        self.peek_token().start_mark)
+            token = self.get_token()
+            end_mark = token.end_mark
+            event = DocumentStartEvent(start_mark, end_mark,
+                    explicit=True, version=version, tags=tags)
+            self.states.append(self.parse_document_end)
+            self.state = self.parse_document_content
+        else:
+            # Parse the end of the stream.
+            token = self.get_token()
+            event = StreamEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+            assert not self.states
+            assert not self.marks
+            self.state = None
+        return event
+
+    def parse_document_end(self):
+
+        # Parse the document end.
+        token = self.peek_token()
+        start_mark = end_mark = token.start_mark
+        explicit = False
+        if self.check_token(DocumentEndToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            end_mark = token.end_mark
+            explicit = True
+        event = DocumentEndEvent(start_mark, end_mark,
+                explicit=explicit)
+
+        # Prepare the next state.
+        self.state = self.parse_document_start
+
+        return event
+
+    def parse_document_content(self):
+        if self.check_token(DirectiveToken,
+                DocumentStartToken, DocumentEndToken, StreamEndToken):
+            event = self.process_empty_scalar(self.peek_token().start_mark)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+            return event
+        else:
+            return self.parse_block_node()
+
+    def process_directives(self):
+        self.yaml_version = None
+        self.tag_handles = {}
+        while self.check_token(DirectiveToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if token.name == 'YAML':
+                if self.yaml_version is not None:
+                    raise ParserError(None, None,
+                            "found duplicate YAML directive", token.start_mark)
+                major, minor = token.value
+                if major != 1:
+                    raise ParserError(None, None,
+                            "found incompatible YAML document (version 1.* is required)",
+                            token.start_mark)
+                self.yaml_version = token.value
+            elif token.name == 'TAG':
+                handle, prefix = token.value
+                if handle in self.tag_handles:
+                    raise ParserError(None, None,
+                            "duplicate tag handle %r" % handle,
+                            token.start_mark)
+                self.tag_handles[handle] = prefix
+        if self.tag_handles:
+            value = self.yaml_version, self.tag_handles.copy()
+        else:
+            value = self.yaml_version, None
+        for key in self.DEFAULT_TAGS:
+            if key not in self.tag_handles:
+                self.tag_handles[key] = self.DEFAULT_TAGS[key]
+        return value
+
+    # block_node_or_indentless_sequence ::= ALIAS
+    #               | properties (block_content | indentless_block_sequence)?
+    #               | block_content
+    #               | indentless_block_sequence
+    # block_node    ::= ALIAS
+    #                   | properties block_content?
+    #                   | block_content
+    # flow_node     ::= ALIAS
+    #                   | properties flow_content?
+    #                   | flow_content
+    # properties    ::= TAG ANCHOR? | ANCHOR TAG?
+    # block_content     ::= block_collection | flow_collection | SCALAR
+    # flow_content      ::= flow_collection | SCALAR
+    # block_collection  ::= block_sequence | block_mapping
+    # flow_collection   ::= flow_sequence | flow_mapping
+
+    def parse_block_node(self):
+        return self.parse_node(block=True)
+
+    def parse_flow_node(self):
+        return self.parse_node()
+
+    def parse_block_node_or_indentless_sequence(self):
+        return self.parse_node(block=True, indentless_sequence=True)
+
+    def parse_node(self, block=False, indentless_sequence=False):
+        if self.check_token(AliasToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            event = AliasEvent(token.value, token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            anchor = None
+            tag = None
+            start_mark = end_mark = tag_mark = None
+            if self.check_token(AnchorToken):
+                token = self.get_token()
+                start_mark = token.start_mark
+                end_mark = token.end_mark
+                anchor = token.value
+                if self.check_token(TagToken):
+                    token = self.get_token()
+                    tag_mark = token.start_mark
+                    end_mark = token.end_mark
+                    tag = token.value
+            elif self.check_token(TagToken):
+                token = self.get_token()
+                start_mark = tag_mark = token.start_mark
+                end_mark = token.end_mark
+                tag = token.value
+                if self.check_token(AnchorToken):
+                    token = self.get_token()
+                    end_mark = token.end_mark
+                    anchor = token.value
+            if tag is not None:
+                handle, suffix = tag
+                if handle is not None:
+                    if handle not in self.tag_handles:
+                        raise ParserError("while parsing a node", start_mark,
+                                "found undefined tag handle %r" % handle,
+                                tag_mark)
+                    tag = self.tag_handles[handle]+suffix
+                else:
+                    tag = suffix
+            #if tag == '!':
+            #    raise ParserError("while parsing a node", start_mark,
+            #            "found non-specific tag '!'", tag_mark,
+            #            "Please check 'http://pyyaml.org/wiki/YAMLNonSpecificTag' and share your opinion.")
+            if start_mark is None:
+                start_mark = end_mark = self.peek_token().start_mark
+            event = None
+            implicit = (tag is None or tag == '!')
+            if indentless_sequence and self.check_token(BlockEntryToken):
+                end_mark = self.peek_token().end_mark
+                event = SequenceStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                        start_mark, end_mark)
+                self.state = self.parse_indentless_sequence_entry
+            else:
+                if self.check_token(ScalarToken):
+                    token = self.get_token()
+                    end_mark = token.end_mark
+                    if (token.plain and tag is None) or tag == '!':
+                        implicit = (True, False)
+                    elif tag is None:
+                        implicit = (False, True)
+                    else:
+                        implicit = (False, False)
+                    event = ScalarEvent(anchor, tag, implicit, token.value,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, style=token.style)
+                    self.state = self.states.pop()
+                elif self.check_token(FlowSequenceStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().end_mark
+                    event = SequenceStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=True)
+                    self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_first_entry
+                elif self.check_token(FlowMappingStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().end_mark
+                    event = MappingStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=True)
+                    self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_first_key
+                elif block and self.check_token(BlockSequenceStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().start_mark
+                    event = SequenceStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=False)
+                    self.state = self.parse_block_sequence_first_entry
+                elif block and self.check_token(BlockMappingStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().start_mark
+                    event = MappingStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=False)
+                    self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_first_key
+                elif anchor is not None or tag is not None:
+                    # Empty scalars are allowed even if a tag or an anchor is
+                    # specified.
+                    event = ScalarEvent(anchor, tag, (implicit, False), '',
+                            start_mark, end_mark)
+                    self.state = self.states.pop()
+                else:
+                    if block:
+                        node = 'block'
+                    else:
+                        node = 'flow'
+                    token = self.peek_token()
+                    raise ParserError("while parsing a %s node" % node, start_mark,
+                            "expected the node content, but found %r" % token.id,
+                            token.start_mark)
+        return event
+
+    # block_sequence ::= BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)* BLOCK-END
+
+    def parse_block_sequence_first_entry(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_block_sequence_entry()
+
+    def parse_block_sequence_entry(self):
+        if self.check_token(BlockEntryToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(BlockEntryToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_block_sequence_entry)
+                return self.parse_block_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_block_sequence_entry
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        if not self.check_token(BlockEndToken):
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            raise ParserError("while parsing a block collection", self.marks[-1],
+                    "expected <block end>, but found %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = SequenceEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    # indentless_sequence ::= (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)+
+
+    def parse_indentless_sequence_entry(self):
+        if self.check_token(BlockEntryToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(BlockEntryToken,
+                    KeyToken, ValueToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_indentless_sequence_entry)
+                return self.parse_block_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_indentless_sequence_entry
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        token = self.peek_token()
+        event = SequenceEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.start_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        return event
+
+    # block_mapping     ::= BLOCK-MAPPING_START
+    #                       ((KEY block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?
+    #                       (VALUE block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?)*
+    #                       BLOCK-END
+
+    def parse_block_mapping_first_key(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_block_mapping_key()
+
+    def parse_block_mapping_key(self):
+        if self.check_token(KeyToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(KeyToken, ValueToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_block_mapping_value)
+                return self.parse_block_node_or_indentless_sequence()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_value
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        if not self.check_token(BlockEndToken):
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            raise ParserError("while parsing a block mapping", self.marks[-1],
+                    "expected <block end>, but found %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = MappingEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    def parse_block_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.check_token(ValueToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(KeyToken, ValueToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_block_mapping_key)
+                return self.parse_block_node_or_indentless_sequence()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_key
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_key
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.start_mark)
+
+    # flow_sequence     ::= FLOW-SEQUENCE-START
+    #                       (flow_sequence_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+    #                       flow_sequence_entry?
+    #                       FLOW-SEQUENCE-END
+    # flow_sequence_entry   ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+    #
+    # Note that while production rules for both flow_sequence_entry and
+    # flow_mapping_entry are equal, their interpretations are different.
+    # For `flow_sequence_entry`, the part `KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?`
+    # generate an inline mapping (set syntax).
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_first_entry(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_flow_sequence_entry(first=True)
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry(self, first=False):
+        if not self.check_token(FlowSequenceEndToken):
+            if not first:
+                if self.check_token(FlowEntryToken):
+                    self.get_token()
+                else:
+                    token = self.peek_token()
+                    raise ParserError("while parsing a flow sequence", self.marks[-1],
+                            "expected ',' or ']', but got %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+            
+            if self.check_token(KeyToken):
+                token = self.peek_token()
+                event = MappingStartEvent(None, None, True,
+                        token.start_mark, token.end_mark,
+                        flow_style=True)
+                self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_key
+                return event
+            elif not self.check_token(FlowSequenceEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_sequence_entry)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = SequenceEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_key(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        if not self.check_token(ValueToken,
+                FlowEntryToken, FlowSequenceEndToken):
+            self.states.append(self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_value)
+            return self.parse_flow_node()
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_value
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.check_token(ValueToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(FlowEntryToken, FlowSequenceEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.start_mark)
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end(self):
+        self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry
+        token = self.peek_token()
+        return MappingEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.start_mark)
+
+    # flow_mapping  ::= FLOW-MAPPING-START
+    #                   (flow_mapping_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+    #                   flow_mapping_entry?
+    #                   FLOW-MAPPING-END
+    # flow_mapping_entry    ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_first_key(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_flow_mapping_key(first=True)
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_key(self, first=False):
+        if not self.check_token(FlowMappingEndToken):
+            if not first:
+                if self.check_token(FlowEntryToken):
+                    self.get_token()
+                else:
+                    token = self.peek_token()
+                    raise ParserError("while parsing a flow mapping", self.marks[-1],
+                            "expected ',' or '}', but got %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+            if self.check_token(KeyToken):
+                token = self.get_token()
+                if not self.check_token(ValueToken,
+                        FlowEntryToken, FlowMappingEndToken):
+                    self.states.append(self.parse_flow_mapping_value)
+                    return self.parse_flow_node()
+                else:
+                    self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_value
+                    return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+            elif not self.check_token(FlowMappingEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_mapping_empty_value)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = MappingEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.check_token(ValueToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(FlowEntryToken, FlowMappingEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_mapping_key)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_key
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_key
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.start_mark)
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_empty_value(self):
+        self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_key
+        return self.process_empty_scalar(self.peek_token().start_mark)
+
+    def process_empty_scalar(self, mark):
+        return ScalarEvent(None, None, (True, False), '', mark, mark)
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/reader.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/reader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..774b021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/reader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# This module contains abstractions for the input stream. You don't have to
+# looks further, there are no pretty code.
+#
+# We define two classes here.
+#
+#   Mark(source, line, column)
+# It's just a record and its only use is producing nice error messages.
+# Parser does not use it for any other purposes.
+#
+#   Reader(source, data)
+# Reader determines the encoding of `data` and converts it to unicode.
+# Reader provides the following methods and attributes:
+#   reader.peek(length=1) - return the next `length` characters
+#   reader.forward(length=1) - move the current position to `length` characters.
+#   reader.index - the number of the current character.
+#   reader.line, stream.column - the line and the column of the current character.
+
+__all__ = ['Reader', 'ReaderError']
+
+from .error import YAMLError, Mark
+
+import codecs, re
+
+class ReaderError(YAMLError):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, position, character, encoding, reason):
+        self.name = name
+        self.character = character
+        self.position = position
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.reason = reason
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if isinstance(self.character, bytes):
+            return "'%s' codec can't decode byte #x%02x: %s\n"  \
+                    "  in \"%s\", position %d"    \
+                    % (self.encoding, ord(self.character), self.reason,
+                            self.name, self.position)
+        else:
+            return "unacceptable character #x%04x: %s\n"    \
+                    "  in \"%s\", position %d"    \
+                    % (self.character, self.reason,
+                            self.name, self.position)
+
+class Reader(object):
+    # Reader:
+    # - determines the data encoding and converts it to a unicode string,
+    # - checks if characters are in allowed range,
+    # - adds '\0' to the end.
+
+    # Reader accepts
+    #  - a `bytes` object,
+    #  - a `str` object,
+    #  - a file-like object with its `read` method returning `str`,
+    #  - a file-like object with its `read` method returning `unicode`.
+
+    # Yeah, it's ugly and slow.
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        self.name = None
+        self.stream = None
+        self.stream_pointer = 0
+        self.eof = True
+        self.buffer = ''
+        self.pointer = 0
+        self.raw_buffer = None
+        self.raw_decode = None
+        self.encoding = None
+        self.index = 0
+        self.line = 0
+        self.column = 0
+        if isinstance(stream, str):
+            self.name = "<unicode string>"
+            self.check_printable(stream)
+            self.buffer = stream+'\0'
+        elif isinstance(stream, bytes):
+            self.name = "<byte string>"
+            self.raw_buffer = stream
+            self.determine_encoding()
+        else:
+            self.stream = stream
+            self.name = getattr(stream, 'name', "<file>")
+            self.eof = False
+            self.raw_buffer = None
+            self.determine_encoding()
+
+    def peek(self, index=0):
+        try:
+            return self.buffer[self.pointer+index]
+        except IndexError:
+            self.update(index+1)
+            return self.buffer[self.pointer+index]
+
+    def prefix(self, length=1):
+        if self.pointer+length >= len(self.buffer):
+            self.update(length)
+        return self.buffer[self.pointer:self.pointer+length]
+
+    def forward(self, length=1):
+        if self.pointer+length+1 >= len(self.buffer):
+            self.update(length+1)
+        while length:
+            ch = self.buffer[self.pointer]
+            self.pointer += 1
+            self.index += 1
+            if ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029'  \
+                    or (ch == '\r' and self.buffer[self.pointer] != '\n'):
+                self.line += 1
+                self.column = 0
+            elif ch != '\uFEFF':
+                self.column += 1
+            length -= 1
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        if self.stream is None:
+            return Mark(self.name, self.index, self.line, self.column,
+                    self.buffer, self.pointer)
+        else:
+            return Mark(self.name, self.index, self.line, self.column,
+                    None, None)
+
+    def determine_encoding(self):
+        while not self.eof and (self.raw_buffer is None or len(self.raw_buffer) < 2):
+            self.update_raw()
+        if isinstance(self.raw_buffer, bytes):
+            if self.raw_buffer.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
+                self.raw_decode = codecs.utf_16_le_decode
+                self.encoding = 'utf-16-le'
+            elif self.raw_buffer.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE):
+                self.raw_decode = codecs.utf_16_be_decode
+                self.encoding = 'utf-16-be'
+            else:
+                self.raw_decode = codecs.utf_8_decode
+                self.encoding = 'utf-8'
+        self.update(1)
+
+    NON_PRINTABLE = re.compile('[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E\x85\xA0-\uD7FF\uE000-\uFFFD\U00010000-\U0010ffff]')
+    def check_printable(self, data):
+        match = self.NON_PRINTABLE.search(data)
+        if match:
+            character = match.group()
+            position = self.index+(len(self.buffer)-self.pointer)+match.start()
+            raise ReaderError(self.name, position, ord(character),
+                    'unicode', "special characters are not allowed")
+
+    def update(self, length):
+        if self.raw_buffer is None:
+            return
+        self.buffer = self.buffer[self.pointer:]
+        self.pointer = 0
+        while len(self.buffer) < length:
+            if not self.eof:
+                self.update_raw()
+            if self.raw_decode is not None:
+                try:
+                    data, converted = self.raw_decode(self.raw_buffer,
+                            'strict', self.eof)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+                    character = self.raw_buffer[exc.start]
+                    if self.stream is not None:
+                        position = self.stream_pointer-len(self.raw_buffer)+exc.start
+                    else:
+                        position = exc.start
+                    raise ReaderError(self.name, position, character,
+                            exc.encoding, exc.reason)
+            else:
+                data = self.raw_buffer
+                converted = len(data)
+            self.check_printable(data)
+            self.buffer += data
+            self.raw_buffer = self.raw_buffer[converted:]
+            if self.eof:
+                self.buffer += '\0'
+                self.raw_buffer = None
+                break
+
+    def update_raw(self, size=4096):
+        data = self.stream.read(size)
+        if self.raw_buffer is None:
+            self.raw_buffer = data
+        else:
+            self.raw_buffer += data
+        self.stream_pointer += len(data)
+        if not data:
+            self.eof = True
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/representer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/representer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..808ca06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/representer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseRepresenter', 'SafeRepresenter', 'Representer',
+    'RepresenterError']
+
+from .error import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+import datetime, copyreg, types, base64, collections
+
+class RepresenterError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class BaseRepresenter:
+
+    yaml_representers = {}
+    yaml_multi_representers = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, default_style=None, default_flow_style=False, sort_keys=True):
+        self.default_style = default_style
+        self.sort_keys = sort_keys
+        self.default_flow_style = default_flow_style
+        self.represented_objects = {}
+        self.object_keeper = []
+        self.alias_key = None
+
+    def represent(self, data):
+        node = self.represent_data(data)
+        self.serialize(node)
+        self.represented_objects = {}
+        self.object_keeper = []
+        self.alias_key = None
+
+    def represent_data(self, data):
+        if self.ignore_aliases(data):
+            self.alias_key = None
+        else:
+            self.alias_key = id(data)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            if self.alias_key in self.represented_objects:
+                node = self.represented_objects[self.alias_key]
+                #if node is None:
+                #    raise RepresenterError("recursive objects are not allowed: %r" % data)
+                return node
+            #self.represented_objects[alias_key] = None
+            self.object_keeper.append(data)
+        data_types = type(data).__mro__
+        if data_types[0] in self.yaml_representers:
+            node = self.yaml_representers[data_types[0]](self, data)
+        else:
+            for data_type in data_types:
+                if data_type in self.yaml_multi_representers:
+                    node = self.yaml_multi_representers[data_type](self, data)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if None in self.yaml_multi_representers:
+                    node = self.yaml_multi_representers[None](self, data)
+                elif None in self.yaml_representers:
+                    node = self.yaml_representers[None](self, data)
+                else:
+                    node = ScalarNode(None, str(data))
+        #if alias_key is not None:
+        #    self.represented_objects[alias_key] = node
+        return node
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_representer(cls, data_type, representer):
+        if not 'yaml_representers' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_representers = cls.yaml_representers.copy()
+        cls.yaml_representers[data_type] = representer
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_multi_representer(cls, data_type, representer):
+        if not 'yaml_multi_representers' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_multi_representers = cls.yaml_multi_representers.copy()
+        cls.yaml_multi_representers[data_type] = representer
+
+    def represent_scalar(self, tag, value, style=None):
+        if style is None:
+            style = self.default_style
+        node = ScalarNode(tag, value, style=style)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+        return node
+
+    def represent_sequence(self, tag, sequence, flow_style=None):
+        value = []
+        node = SequenceNode(tag, value, flow_style=flow_style)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+        best_style = True
+        for item in sequence:
+            node_item = self.represent_data(item)
+            if not (isinstance(node_item, ScalarNode) and not node_item.style):
+                best_style = False
+            value.append(node_item)
+        if flow_style is None:
+            if self.default_flow_style is not None:
+                node.flow_style = self.default_flow_style
+            else:
+                node.flow_style = best_style
+        return node
+
+    def represent_mapping(self, tag, mapping, flow_style=None):
+        value = []
+        node = MappingNode(tag, value, flow_style=flow_style)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+        best_style = True
+        if hasattr(mapping, 'items'):
+            mapping = list(mapping.items())
+            if self.sort_keys:
+                try:
+                    mapping = sorted(mapping)
+                except TypeError:
+                    pass
+        for item_key, item_value in mapping:
+            node_key = self.represent_data(item_key)
+            node_value = self.represent_data(item_value)
+            if not (isinstance(node_key, ScalarNode) and not node_key.style):
+                best_style = False
+            if not (isinstance(node_value, ScalarNode) and not node_value.style):
+                best_style = False
+            value.append((node_key, node_value))
+        if flow_style is None:
+            if self.default_flow_style is not None:
+                node.flow_style = self.default_flow_style
+            else:
+                node.flow_style = best_style
+        return node
+
+    def ignore_aliases(self, data):
+        return False
+
+class SafeRepresenter(BaseRepresenter):
+
+    def ignore_aliases(self, data):
+        if data is None:
+            return True
+        if isinstance(data, tuple) and data == ():
+            return True
+        if isinstance(data, (str, bytes, bool, int, float)):
+            return True
+
+    def represent_none(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:null', 'null')
+
+    def represent_str(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:str', data)
+
+    def represent_binary(self, data):
+        if hasattr(base64, 'encodebytes'):
+            data = base64.encodebytes(data).decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            data = base64.encodestring(data).decode('ascii')
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:binary', data, style='|')
+
+    def represent_bool(self, data):
+        if data:
+            value = 'true'
+        else:
+            value = 'false'
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:bool', value)
+
+    def represent_int(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:int', str(data))
+
+    inf_value = 1e300
+    while repr(inf_value) != repr(inf_value*inf_value):
+        inf_value *= inf_value
+
+    def represent_float(self, data):
+        if data != data or (data == 0.0 and data == 1.0):
+            value = '.nan'
+        elif data == self.inf_value:
+            value = '.inf'
+        elif data == -self.inf_value:
+            value = '-.inf'
+        else:
+            value = repr(data).lower()
+            # Note that in some cases `repr(data)` represents a float number
+            # without the decimal parts.  For instance:
+            #   >>> repr(1e17)
+            #   '1e17'
+            # Unfortunately, this is not a valid float representation according
+            # to the definition of the `!!float` tag.  We fix this by adding
+            # '.0' before the 'e' symbol.
+            if '.' not in value and 'e' in value:
+                value = value.replace('e', '.0e', 1)
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:float', value)
+
+    def represent_list(self, data):
+        #pairs = (len(data) > 0 and isinstance(data, list))
+        #if pairs:
+        #    for item in data:
+        #        if not isinstance(item, tuple) or len(item) != 2:
+        #            pairs = False
+        #            break
+        #if not pairs:
+            return self.represent_sequence('tag:yaml.org,2002:seq', data)
+        #value = []
+        #for item_key, item_value in data:
+        #    value.append(self.represent_mapping(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+        #        [(item_key, item_value)]))
+        #return SequenceNode(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:pairs', value)
+
+    def represent_dict(self, data):
+        return self.represent_mapping('tag:yaml.org,2002:map', data)
+
+    def represent_set(self, data):
+        value = {}
+        for key in data:
+            value[key] = None
+        return self.represent_mapping('tag:yaml.org,2002:set', value)
+
+    def represent_date(self, data):
+        value = data.isoformat()
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp', value)
+
+    def represent_datetime(self, data):
+        value = data.isoformat(' ')
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp', value)
+
+    def represent_yaml_object(self, tag, data, cls, flow_style=None):
+        if hasattr(data, '__getstate__'):
+            state = data.__getstate__()
+        else:
+            state = data.__dict__.copy()
+        return self.represent_mapping(tag, state, flow_style=flow_style)
+
+    def represent_undefined(self, data):
+        raise RepresenterError("cannot represent an object", data)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(type(None),
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_none)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(str,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_str)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(bytes,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_binary)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(bool,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_bool)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(int,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_int)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(float,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_float)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(list,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_list)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(tuple,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_list)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(dict,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(set,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_set)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(datetime.date,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_date)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(datetime.datetime,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_datetime)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(None,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_undefined)
+
+class Representer(SafeRepresenter):
+
+    def represent_complex(self, data):
+        if data.imag == 0.0:
+            data = '%r' % data.real
+        elif data.real == 0.0:
+            data = '%rj' % data.imag
+        elif data.imag > 0:
+            data = '%r+%rj' % (data.real, data.imag)
+        else:
+            data = '%r%rj' % (data.real, data.imag)
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:python/complex', data)
+
+    def represent_tuple(self, data):
+        return self.represent_sequence('tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple', data)
+
+    def represent_name(self, data):
+        name = '%s.%s' % (data.__module__, data.__name__)
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:'+name, '')
+
+    def represent_module(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar(
+                'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/module:'+data.__name__, '')
+
+    def represent_object(self, data):
+        # We use __reduce__ API to save the data. data.__reduce__ returns
+        # a tuple of length 2-5:
+        #   (function, args, state, listitems, dictitems)
+
+        # For reconstructing, we calls function(*args), then set its state,
+        # listitems, and dictitems if they are not None.
+
+        # A special case is when function.__name__ == '__newobj__'. In this
+        # case we create the object with args[0].__new__(*args).
+
+        # Another special case is when __reduce__ returns a string - we don't
+        # support it.
+
+        # We produce a !!python/object, !!python/object/new or
+        # !!python/object/apply node.
+
+        cls = type(data)
+        if cls in copyreg.dispatch_table:
+            reduce = copyreg.dispatch_table[cls](data)
+        elif hasattr(data, '__reduce_ex__'):
+            reduce = data.__reduce_ex__(2)
+        elif hasattr(data, '__reduce__'):
+            reduce = data.__reduce__()
+        else:
+            raise RepresenterError("cannot represent an object", data)
+        reduce = (list(reduce)+[None]*5)[:5]
+        function, args, state, listitems, dictitems = reduce
+        args = list(args)
+        if state is None:
+            state = {}
+        if listitems is not None:
+            listitems = list(listitems)
+        if dictitems is not None:
+            dictitems = dict(dictitems)
+        if function.__name__ == '__newobj__':
+            function = args[0]
+            args = args[1:]
+            tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/new:'
+            newobj = True
+        else:
+            tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/apply:'
+            newobj = False
+        function_name = '%s.%s' % (function.__module__, function.__name__)
+        if not args and not listitems and not dictitems \
+                and isinstance(state, dict) and newobj:
+            return self.represent_mapping(
+                    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object:'+function_name, state)
+        if not listitems and not dictitems  \
+                and isinstance(state, dict) and not state:
+            return self.represent_sequence(tag+function_name, args)
+        value = {}
+        if args:
+            value['args'] = args
+        if state or not isinstance(state, dict):
+            value['state'] = state
+        if listitems:
+            value['listitems'] = listitems
+        if dictitems:
+            value['dictitems'] = dictitems
+        return self.represent_mapping(tag+function_name, value)
+
+    def represent_ordered_dict(self, data):
+        # Provide uniform representation across different Python versions.
+        data_type = type(data)
+        tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/apply:%s.%s' \
+                % (data_type.__module__, data_type.__name__)
+        items = [[key, value] for key, value in data.items()]
+        return self.represent_sequence(tag, [items])
+
+Representer.add_representer(complex,
+        Representer.represent_complex)
+
+Representer.add_representer(tuple,
+        Representer.represent_tuple)
+
+Representer.add_multi_representer(type,
+        Representer.represent_name)
+
+Representer.add_representer(collections.OrderedDict,
+        Representer.represent_ordered_dict)
+
+Representer.add_representer(types.FunctionType,
+        Representer.represent_name)
+
+Representer.add_representer(types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+        Representer.represent_name)
+
+Representer.add_representer(types.ModuleType,
+        Representer.represent_module)
+
+Representer.add_multi_representer(object,
+        Representer.represent_object)
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/resolver.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3522bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseResolver', 'Resolver']
+
+from .error import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+import re
+
+class ResolverError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class BaseResolver:
+
+    DEFAULT_SCALAR_TAG = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:str'
+    DEFAULT_SEQUENCE_TAG = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq'
+    DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:map'
+
+    yaml_implicit_resolvers = {}
+    yaml_path_resolvers = {}
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.resolver_exact_paths = []
+        self.resolver_prefix_paths = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_implicit_resolver(cls, tag, regexp, first):
+        if not 'yaml_implicit_resolvers' in cls.__dict__:
+            implicit_resolvers = {}
+            for key in cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers:
+                implicit_resolvers[key] = cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers[key][:]
+            cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers = implicit_resolvers
+        if first is None:
+            first = [None]
+        for ch in first:
+            cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers.setdefault(ch, []).append((tag, regexp))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_path_resolver(cls, tag, path, kind=None):
+        # Note: `add_path_resolver` is experimental.  The API could be changed.
+        # `new_path` is a pattern that is matched against the path from the
+        # root to the node that is being considered.  `node_path` elements are
+        # tuples `(node_check, index_check)`.  `node_check` is a node class:
+        # `ScalarNode`, `SequenceNode`, `MappingNode` or `None`.  `None`
+        # matches any kind of a node.  `index_check` could be `None`, a boolean
+        # value, a string value, or a number.  `None` and `False` match against
+        # any _value_ of sequence and mapping nodes.  `True` matches against
+        # any _key_ of a mapping node.  A string `index_check` matches against
+        # a mapping value that corresponds to a scalar key which content is
+        # equal to the `index_check` value.  An integer `index_check` matches
+        # against a sequence value with the index equal to `index_check`.
+        if not 'yaml_path_resolvers' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_path_resolvers = cls.yaml_path_resolvers.copy()
+        new_path = []
+        for element in path:
+            if isinstance(element, (list, tuple)):
+                if len(element) == 2:
+                    node_check, index_check = element
+                elif len(element) == 1:
+                    node_check = element[0]
+                    index_check = True
+                else:
+                    raise ResolverError("Invalid path element: %s" % element)
+            else:
+                node_check = None
+                index_check = element
+            if node_check is str:
+                node_check = ScalarNode
+            elif node_check is list:
+                node_check = SequenceNode
+            elif node_check is dict:
+                node_check = MappingNode
+            elif node_check not in [ScalarNode, SequenceNode, MappingNode]  \
+                    and not isinstance(node_check, str) \
+                    and node_check is not None:
+                raise ResolverError("Invalid node checker: %s" % node_check)
+            if not isinstance(index_check, (str, int))  \
+                    and index_check is not None:
+                raise ResolverError("Invalid index checker: %s" % index_check)
+            new_path.append((node_check, index_check))
+        if kind is str:
+            kind = ScalarNode
+        elif kind is list:
+            kind = SequenceNode
+        elif kind is dict:
+            kind = MappingNode
+        elif kind not in [ScalarNode, SequenceNode, MappingNode]    \
+                and kind is not None:
+            raise ResolverError("Invalid node kind: %s" % kind)
+        cls.yaml_path_resolvers[tuple(new_path), kind] = tag
+
+    def descend_resolver(self, current_node, current_index):
+        if not self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+            return
+        exact_paths = {}
+        prefix_paths = []
+        if current_node:
+            depth = len(self.resolver_prefix_paths)
+            for path, kind in self.resolver_prefix_paths[-1]:
+                if self.check_resolver_prefix(depth, path, kind,
+                        current_node, current_index):
+                    if len(path) > depth:
+                        prefix_paths.append((path, kind))
+                    else:
+                        exact_paths[kind] = self.yaml_path_resolvers[path, kind]
+        else:
+            for path, kind in self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+                if not path:
+                    exact_paths[kind] = self.yaml_path_resolvers[path, kind]
+                else:
+                    prefix_paths.append((path, kind))
+        self.resolver_exact_paths.append(exact_paths)
+        self.resolver_prefix_paths.append(prefix_paths)
+
+    def ascend_resolver(self):
+        if not self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+            return
+        self.resolver_exact_paths.pop()
+        self.resolver_prefix_paths.pop()
+
+    def check_resolver_prefix(self, depth, path, kind,
+            current_node, current_index):
+        node_check, index_check = path[depth-1]
+        if isinstance(node_check, str):
+            if current_node.tag != node_check:
+                return
+        elif node_check is not None:
+            if not isinstance(current_node, node_check):
+                return
+        if index_check is True and current_index is not None:
+            return
+        if (index_check is False or index_check is None)    \
+                and current_index is None:
+            return
+        if isinstance(index_check, str):
+            if not (isinstance(current_index, ScalarNode)
+                    and index_check == current_index.value):
+                return
+        elif isinstance(index_check, int) and not isinstance(index_check, bool):
+            if index_check != current_index:
+                return
+        return True
+
+    def resolve(self, kind, value, implicit):
+        if kind is ScalarNode and implicit[0]:
+            if value == '':
+                resolvers = self.yaml_implicit_resolvers.get('', [])
+            else:
+                resolvers = self.yaml_implicit_resolvers.get(value[0], [])
+            wildcard_resolvers = self.yaml_implicit_resolvers.get(None, [])
+            for tag, regexp in resolvers + wildcard_resolvers:
+                if regexp.match(value):
+                    return tag
+            implicit = implicit[1]
+        if self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+            exact_paths = self.resolver_exact_paths[-1]
+            if kind in exact_paths:
+                return exact_paths[kind]
+            if None in exact_paths:
+                return exact_paths[None]
+        if kind is ScalarNode:
+            return self.DEFAULT_SCALAR_TAG
+        elif kind is SequenceNode:
+            return self.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE_TAG
+        elif kind is MappingNode:
+            return self.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    pass
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:bool',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:yes|Yes|YES|no|No|NO
+                    |true|True|TRUE|false|False|FALSE
+                    |on|On|ON|off|Off|OFF)$''', re.X),
+        list('yYnNtTfFoO'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:float',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:[-+]?(?:[0-9][0-9_]*)\.[0-9_]*(?:[eE][-+][0-9]+)?
+                    |\.[0-9][0-9_]*(?:[eE][-+][0-9]+)?
+                    |[-+]?[0-9][0-9_]*(?::[0-5]?[0-9])+\.[0-9_]*
+                    |[-+]?\.(?:inf|Inf|INF)
+                    |\.(?:nan|NaN|NAN))$''', re.X),
+        list('-+0123456789.'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:int',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:[-+]?0b[0-1_]+
+                    |[-+]?0[0-7_]+
+                    |[-+]?(?:0|[1-9][0-9_]*)
+                    |[-+]?0x[0-9a-fA-F_]+
+                    |[-+]?[1-9][0-9_]*(?::[0-5]?[0-9])+)$''', re.X),
+        list('-+0123456789'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge',
+        re.compile(r'^(?:<<)$'),
+        ['<'])
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:null',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?: ~
+                    |null|Null|NULL
+                    | )$''', re.X),
+        ['~', 'n', 'N', ''])
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]
+                    |[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9] -[0-9][0-9]? -[0-9][0-9]?
+                     (?:[Tt]|[ \t]+)[0-9][0-9]?
+                     :[0-9][0-9] :[0-9][0-9] (?:\.[0-9]*)?
+                     (?:[ \t]*(?:Z|[-+][0-9][0-9]?(?::[0-9][0-9])?))?)$''', re.X),
+        list('0123456789'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:value',
+        re.compile(r'^(?:=)$'),
+        ['='])
+
+# The following resolver is only for documentation purposes. It cannot work
+# because plain scalars cannot start with '!', '&', or '*'.
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:yaml',
+        re.compile(r'^(?:!|&|\*)$'),
+        list('!&*'))
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/scanner.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/scanner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de925b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/scanner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1435 @@
+
+# Scanner produces tokens of the following types:
+# STREAM-START
+# STREAM-END
+# DIRECTIVE(name, value)
+# DOCUMENT-START
+# DOCUMENT-END
+# BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START
+# BLOCK-MAPPING-START
+# BLOCK-END
+# FLOW-SEQUENCE-START
+# FLOW-MAPPING-START
+# FLOW-SEQUENCE-END
+# FLOW-MAPPING-END
+# BLOCK-ENTRY
+# FLOW-ENTRY
+# KEY
+# VALUE
+# ALIAS(value)
+# ANCHOR(value)
+# TAG(value)
+# SCALAR(value, plain, style)
+#
+# Read comments in the Scanner code for more details.
+#
+
+__all__ = ['Scanner', 'ScannerError']
+
+from .error import MarkedYAMLError
+from .tokens import *
+
+class ScannerError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class SimpleKey:
+    # See below simple keys treatment.
+
+    def __init__(self, token_number, required, index, line, column, mark):
+        self.token_number = token_number
+        self.required = required
+        self.index = index
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+        self.mark = mark
+
+class Scanner:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initialize the scanner."""
+        # It is assumed that Scanner and Reader will have a common descendant.
+        # Reader do the dirty work of checking for BOM and converting the
+        # input data to Unicode. It also adds NUL to the end.
+        #
+        # Reader supports the following methods
+        #   self.peek(i=0)       # peek the next i-th character
+        #   self.prefix(l=1)     # peek the next l characters
+        #   self.forward(l=1)    # read the next l characters and move the pointer.
+
+        # Had we reached the end of the stream?
+        self.done = False
+
+        # The number of unclosed '{' and '['. `flow_level == 0` means block
+        # context.
+        self.flow_level = 0
+
+        # List of processed tokens that are not yet emitted.
+        self.tokens = []
+
+        # Add the STREAM-START token.
+        self.fetch_stream_start()
+
+        # Number of tokens that were emitted through the `get_token` method.
+        self.tokens_taken = 0
+
+        # The current indentation level.
+        self.indent = -1
+
+        # Past indentation levels.
+        self.indents = []
+
+        # Variables related to simple keys treatment.
+
+        # A simple key is a key that is not denoted by the '?' indicator.
+        # Example of simple keys:
+        #   ---
+        #   block simple key: value
+        #   ? not a simple key:
+        #   : { flow simple key: value }
+        # We emit the KEY token before all keys, so when we find a potential
+        # simple key, we try to locate the corresponding ':' indicator.
+        # Simple keys should be limited to a single line and 1024 characters.
+
+        # Can a simple key start at the current position? A simple key may
+        # start:
+        # - at the beginning of the line, not counting indentation spaces
+        #       (in block context),
+        # - after '{', '[', ',' (in the flow context),
+        # - after '?', ':', '-' (in the block context).
+        # In the block context, this flag also signifies if a block collection
+        # may start at the current position.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Keep track of possible simple keys. This is a dictionary. The key
+        # is `flow_level`; there can be no more that one possible simple key
+        # for each level. The value is a SimpleKey record:
+        #   (token_number, required, index, line, column, mark)
+        # A simple key may start with ALIAS, ANCHOR, TAG, SCALAR(flow),
+        # '[', or '{' tokens.
+        self.possible_simple_keys = {}
+
+    # Public methods.
+
+    def check_token(self, *choices):
+        # Check if the next token is one of the given types.
+        while self.need_more_tokens():
+            self.fetch_more_tokens()
+        if self.tokens:
+            if not choices:
+                return True
+            for choice in choices:
+                if isinstance(self.tokens[0], choice):
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+    def peek_token(self):
+        # Return the next token, but do not delete if from the queue.
+        # Return None if no more tokens.
+        while self.need_more_tokens():
+            self.fetch_more_tokens()
+        if self.tokens:
+            return self.tokens[0]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def get_token(self):
+        # Return the next token.
+        while self.need_more_tokens():
+            self.fetch_more_tokens()
+        if self.tokens:
+            self.tokens_taken += 1
+            return self.tokens.pop(0)
+
+    # Private methods.
+
+    def need_more_tokens(self):
+        if self.done:
+            return False
+        if not self.tokens:
+            return True
+        # The current token may be a potential simple key, so we
+        # need to look further.
+        self.stale_possible_simple_keys()
+        if self.next_possible_simple_key() == self.tokens_taken:
+            return True
+
+    def fetch_more_tokens(self):
+
+        # Eat whitespaces and comments until we reach the next token.
+        self.scan_to_next_token()
+
+        # Remove obsolete possible simple keys.
+        self.stale_possible_simple_keys()
+
+        # Compare the current indentation and column. It may add some tokens
+        # and decrease the current indentation level.
+        self.unwind_indent(self.column)
+
+        # Peek the next character.
+        ch = self.peek()
+
+        # Is it the end of stream?
+        if ch == '\0':
+            return self.fetch_stream_end()
+
+        # Is it a directive?
+        if ch == '%' and self.check_directive():
+            return self.fetch_directive()
+
+        # Is it the document start?
+        if ch == '-' and self.check_document_start():
+            return self.fetch_document_start()
+
+        # Is it the document end?
+        if ch == '.' and self.check_document_end():
+            return self.fetch_document_end()
+
+        # TODO: support for BOM within a stream.
+        #if ch == '\uFEFF':
+        #    return self.fetch_bom()    <-- issue BOMToken
+
+        # Note: the order of the following checks is NOT significant.
+
+        # Is it the flow sequence start indicator?
+        if ch == '[':
+            return self.fetch_flow_sequence_start()
+
+        # Is it the flow mapping start indicator?
+        if ch == '{':
+            return self.fetch_flow_mapping_start()
+
+        # Is it the flow sequence end indicator?
+        if ch == ']':
+            return self.fetch_flow_sequence_end()
+
+        # Is it the flow mapping end indicator?
+        if ch == '}':
+            return self.fetch_flow_mapping_end()
+
+        # Is it the flow entry indicator?
+        if ch == ',':
+            return self.fetch_flow_entry()
+
+        # Is it the block entry indicator?
+        if ch == '-' and self.check_block_entry():
+            return self.fetch_block_entry()
+
+        # Is it the key indicator?
+        if ch == '?' and self.check_key():
+            return self.fetch_key()
+
+        # Is it the value indicator?
+        if ch == ':' and self.check_value():
+            return self.fetch_value()
+
+        # Is it an alias?
+        if ch == '*':
+            return self.fetch_alias()
+
+        # Is it an anchor?
+        if ch == '&':
+            return self.fetch_anchor()
+
+        # Is it a tag?
+        if ch == '!':
+            return self.fetch_tag()
+
+        # Is it a literal scalar?
+        if ch == '|' and not self.flow_level:
+            return self.fetch_literal()
+
+        # Is it a folded scalar?
+        if ch == '>' and not self.flow_level:
+            return self.fetch_folded()
+
+        # Is it a single quoted scalar?
+        if ch == '\'':
+            return self.fetch_single()
+
+        # Is it a double quoted scalar?
+        if ch == '\"':
+            return self.fetch_double()
+
+        # It must be a plain scalar then.
+        if self.check_plain():
+            return self.fetch_plain()
+
+        # No? It's an error. Let's produce a nice error message.
+        raise ScannerError("while scanning for the next token", None,
+                "found character %r that cannot start any token" % ch,
+                self.get_mark())
+
+    # Simple keys treatment.
+
+    def next_possible_simple_key(self):
+        # Return the number of the nearest possible simple key. Actually we
+        # don't need to loop through the whole dictionary. We may replace it
+        # with the following code:
+        #   if not self.possible_simple_keys:
+        #       return None
+        #   return self.possible_simple_keys[
+        #           min(self.possible_simple_keys.keys())].token_number
+        min_token_number = None
+        for level in self.possible_simple_keys:
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[level]
+            if min_token_number is None or key.token_number < min_token_number:
+                min_token_number = key.token_number
+        return min_token_number
+
+    def stale_possible_simple_keys(self):
+        # Remove entries that are no longer possible simple keys. According to
+        # the YAML specification, simple keys
+        # - should be limited to a single line,
+        # - should be no longer than 1024 characters.
+        # Disabling this procedure will allow simple keys of any length and
+        # height (may cause problems if indentation is broken though).
+        for level in list(self.possible_simple_keys):
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[level]
+            if key.line != self.line  \
+                    or self.index-key.index > 1024:
+                if key.required:
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a simple key", key.mark,
+                            "could not find expected ':'", self.get_mark())
+                del self.possible_simple_keys[level]
+
+    def save_possible_simple_key(self):
+        # The next token may start a simple key. We check if it's possible
+        # and save its position. This function is called for
+        #   ALIAS, ANCHOR, TAG, SCALAR(flow), '[', and '{'.
+
+        # Check if a simple key is required at the current position.
+        required = not self.flow_level and self.indent == self.column
+
+        # The next token might be a simple key. Let's save it's number and
+        # position.
+        if self.allow_simple_key:
+            self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+            token_number = self.tokens_taken+len(self.tokens)
+            key = SimpleKey(token_number, required,
+                    self.index, self.line, self.column, self.get_mark())
+            self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level] = key
+
+    def remove_possible_simple_key(self):
+        # Remove the saved possible key position at the current flow level.
+        if self.flow_level in self.possible_simple_keys:
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+            
+            if key.required:
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a simple key", key.mark,
+                        "could not find expected ':'", self.get_mark())
+
+            del self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+
+    # Indentation functions.
+
+    def unwind_indent(self, column):
+
+        ## In flow context, tokens should respect indentation.
+        ## Actually the condition should be `self.indent >= column` according to
+        ## the spec. But this condition will prohibit intuitively correct
+        ## constructions such as
+        ## key : {
+        ## }
+        #if self.flow_level and self.indent > column:
+        #    raise ScannerError(None, None,
+        #            "invalid indentation or unclosed '[' or '{'",
+        #            self.get_mark())
+
+        # In the flow context, indentation is ignored. We make the scanner less
+        # restrictive then specification requires.
+        if self.flow_level:
+            return
+
+        # In block context, we may need to issue the BLOCK-END tokens.
+        while self.indent > column:
+            mark = self.get_mark()
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.tokens.append(BlockEndToken(mark, mark))
+
+    def add_indent(self, column):
+        # Check if we need to increase indentation.
+        if self.indent < column:
+            self.indents.append(self.indent)
+            self.indent = column
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    # Fetchers.
+
+    def fetch_stream_start(self):
+        # We always add STREAM-START as the first token and STREAM-END as the
+        # last token.
+
+        # Read the token.
+        mark = self.get_mark()
+        
+        # Add STREAM-START.
+        self.tokens.append(StreamStartToken(mark, mark,
+            encoding=self.encoding))
+        
+
+    def fetch_stream_end(self):
+
+        # Set the current indentation to -1.
+        self.unwind_indent(-1)
+
+        # Reset simple keys.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+        self.possible_simple_keys = {}
+
+        # Read the token.
+        mark = self.get_mark()
+        
+        # Add STREAM-END.
+        self.tokens.append(StreamEndToken(mark, mark))
+
+        # The steam is finished.
+        self.done = True
+
+    def fetch_directive(self):
+        
+        # Set the current indentation to -1.
+        self.unwind_indent(-1)
+
+        # Reset simple keys.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add DIRECTIVE.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_directive())
+
+    def fetch_document_start(self):
+        self.fetch_document_indicator(DocumentStartToken)
+
+    def fetch_document_end(self):
+        self.fetch_document_indicator(DocumentEndToken)
+
+    def fetch_document_indicator(self, TokenClass):
+
+        # Set the current indentation to -1.
+        self.unwind_indent(-1)
+
+        # Reset simple keys. Note that there could not be a block collection
+        # after '---'.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Add DOCUMENT-START or DOCUMENT-END.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward(3)
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(TokenClass(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_flow_sequence_start(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_start(FlowSequenceStartToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_mapping_start(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_start(FlowMappingStartToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_collection_start(self, TokenClass):
+
+        # '[' and '{' may start a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Increase the flow level.
+        self.flow_level += 1
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after '[' and '{'.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Add FLOW-SEQUENCE-START or FLOW-MAPPING-START.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(TokenClass(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_flow_sequence_end(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_end(FlowSequenceEndToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_mapping_end(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_end(FlowMappingEndToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_collection_end(self, TokenClass):
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Decrease the flow level.
+        self.flow_level -= 1
+
+        # No simple keys after ']' or '}'.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Add FLOW-SEQUENCE-END or FLOW-MAPPING-END.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(TokenClass(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_flow_entry(self):
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after ','.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add FLOW-ENTRY.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(FlowEntryToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_block_entry(self):
+
+        # Block context needs additional checks.
+        if not self.flow_level:
+
+            # Are we allowed to start a new entry?
+            if not self.allow_simple_key:
+                raise ScannerError(None, None,
+                        "sequence entries are not allowed here",
+                        self.get_mark())
+
+            # We may need to add BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START.
+            if self.add_indent(self.column):
+                mark = self.get_mark()
+                self.tokens.append(BlockSequenceStartToken(mark, mark))
+
+        # It's an error for the block entry to occur in the flow context,
+        # but we let the parser detect this.
+        else:
+            pass
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after '-'.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add BLOCK-ENTRY.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(BlockEntryToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_key(self):
+        
+        # Block context needs additional checks.
+        if not self.flow_level:
+
+            # Are we allowed to start a key (not necessary a simple)?
+            if not self.allow_simple_key:
+                raise ScannerError(None, None,
+                        "mapping keys are not allowed here",
+                        self.get_mark())
+
+            # We may need to add BLOCK-MAPPING-START.
+            if self.add_indent(self.column):
+                mark = self.get_mark()
+                self.tokens.append(BlockMappingStartToken(mark, mark))
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after '?' in the block context.
+        self.allow_simple_key = not self.flow_level
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add KEY.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(KeyToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_value(self):
+
+        # Do we determine a simple key?
+        if self.flow_level in self.possible_simple_keys:
+
+            # Add KEY.
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+            del self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+            self.tokens.insert(key.token_number-self.tokens_taken,
+                    KeyToken(key.mark, key.mark))
+
+            # If this key starts a new block mapping, we need to add
+            # BLOCK-MAPPING-START.
+            if not self.flow_level:
+                if self.add_indent(key.column):
+                    self.tokens.insert(key.token_number-self.tokens_taken,
+                            BlockMappingStartToken(key.mark, key.mark))
+
+            # There cannot be two simple keys one after another.
+            self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # It must be a part of a complex key.
+        else:
+            
+            # Block context needs additional checks.
+            # (Do we really need them? They will be caught by the parser
+            # anyway.)
+            if not self.flow_level:
+
+                # We are allowed to start a complex value if and only if
+                # we can start a simple key.
+                if not self.allow_simple_key:
+                    raise ScannerError(None, None,
+                            "mapping values are not allowed here",
+                            self.get_mark())
+
+            # If this value starts a new block mapping, we need to add
+            # BLOCK-MAPPING-START.  It will be detected as an error later by
+            # the parser.
+            if not self.flow_level:
+                if self.add_indent(self.column):
+                    mark = self.get_mark()
+                    self.tokens.append(BlockMappingStartToken(mark, mark))
+
+            # Simple keys are allowed after ':' in the block context.
+            self.allow_simple_key = not self.flow_level
+
+            # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+            self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add VALUE.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(ValueToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_alias(self):
+
+        # ALIAS could be a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after ALIAS.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add ALIAS.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_anchor(AliasToken))
+
+    def fetch_anchor(self):
+
+        # ANCHOR could start a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after ANCHOR.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add ANCHOR.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_anchor(AnchorToken))
+
+    def fetch_tag(self):
+
+        # TAG could start a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after TAG.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add TAG.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_tag())
+
+    def fetch_literal(self):
+        self.fetch_block_scalar(style='|')
+
+    def fetch_folded(self):
+        self.fetch_block_scalar(style='>')
+
+    def fetch_block_scalar(self, style):
+
+        # A simple key may follow a block scalar.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Scan and add SCALAR.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_block_scalar(style))
+
+    def fetch_single(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_scalar(style='\'')
+
+    def fetch_double(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_scalar(style='"')
+
+    def fetch_flow_scalar(self, style):
+
+        # A flow scalar could be a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after flow scalars.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add SCALAR.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_flow_scalar(style))
+
+    def fetch_plain(self):
+
+        # A plain scalar could be a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after plain scalars. But note that `scan_plain` will
+        # change this flag if the scan is finished at the beginning of the
+        # line.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add SCALAR. May change `allow_simple_key`.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_plain())
+
+    # Checkers.
+
+    def check_directive(self):
+
+        # DIRECTIVE:        ^ '%' ...
+        # The '%' indicator is already checked.
+        if self.column == 0:
+            return True
+
+    def check_document_start(self):
+
+        # DOCUMENT-START:   ^ '---' (' '|'\n')
+        if self.column == 0:
+            if self.prefix(3) == '---'  \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                return True
+
+    def check_document_end(self):
+
+        # DOCUMENT-END:     ^ '...' (' '|'\n')
+        if self.column == 0:
+            if self.prefix(3) == '...'  \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                return True
+
+    def check_block_entry(self):
+
+        # BLOCK-ENTRY:      '-' (' '|'\n')
+        return self.peek(1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+
+    def check_key(self):
+
+        # KEY(flow context):    '?'
+        if self.flow_level:
+            return True
+
+        # KEY(block context):   '?' (' '|'\n')
+        else:
+            return self.peek(1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+
+    def check_value(self):
+
+        # VALUE(flow context):  ':'
+        if self.flow_level:
+            return True
+
+        # VALUE(block context): ':' (' '|'\n')
+        else:
+            return self.peek(1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+
+    def check_plain(self):
+
+        # A plain scalar may start with any non-space character except:
+        #   '-', '?', ':', ',', '[', ']', '{', '}',
+        #   '#', '&', '*', '!', '|', '>', '\'', '\"',
+        #   '%', '@', '`'.
+        #
+        # It may also start with
+        #   '-', '?', ':'
+        # if it is followed by a non-space character.
+        #
+        # Note that we limit the last rule to the block context (except the
+        # '-' character) because we want the flow context to be space
+        # independent.
+        ch = self.peek()
+        return ch not in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029-?:,[]{}#&*!|>\'\"%@`'  \
+                or (self.peek(1) not in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+                        and (ch == '-' or (not self.flow_level and ch in '?:')))
+
+    # Scanners.
+
+    def scan_to_next_token(self):
+        # We ignore spaces, line breaks and comments.
+        # If we find a line break in the block context, we set the flag
+        # `allow_simple_key` on.
+        # The byte order mark is stripped if it's the first character in the
+        # stream. We do not yet support BOM inside the stream as the
+        # specification requires. Any such mark will be considered as a part
+        # of the document.
+        #
+        # TODO: We need to make tab handling rules more sane. A good rule is
+        #   Tabs cannot precede tokens
+        #   BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START, BLOCK-MAPPING-START, BLOCK-END,
+        #   KEY(block), VALUE(block), BLOCK-ENTRY
+        # So the checking code is
+        #   if <TAB>:
+        #       self.allow_simple_keys = False
+        # We also need to add the check for `allow_simple_keys == True` to
+        # `unwind_indent` before issuing BLOCK-END.
+        # Scanners for block, flow, and plain scalars need to be modified.
+
+        if self.index == 0 and self.peek() == '\uFEFF':
+            self.forward()
+        found = False
+        while not found:
+            while self.peek() == ' ':
+                self.forward()
+            if self.peek() == '#':
+                while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    self.forward()
+            if self.scan_line_break():
+                if not self.flow_level:
+                    self.allow_simple_key = True
+            else:
+                found = True
+
+    def scan_directive(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        name = self.scan_directive_name(start_mark)
+        value = None
+        if name == 'YAML':
+            value = self.scan_yaml_directive_value(start_mark)
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        elif name == 'TAG':
+            value = self.scan_tag_directive_value(start_mark)
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        else:
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                self.forward()
+        self.scan_directive_ignored_line(start_mark)
+        return DirectiveToken(name, value, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_directive_name(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        length = 0
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                or ch in '-_':
+            length += 1
+            ch = self.peek(length)
+        if not length:
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        value = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return value
+
+    def scan_yaml_directive_value(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        major = self.scan_yaml_directive_number(start_mark)
+        if self.peek() != '.':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a digit or '.', but found %r" % self.peek(),
+                    self.get_mark())
+        self.forward()
+        minor = self.scan_yaml_directive_number(start_mark)
+        if self.peek() not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a digit or ' ', but found %r" % self.peek(),
+                    self.get_mark())
+        return (major, minor)
+
+    def scan_yaml_directive_number(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if not ('0' <= ch <= '9'):
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a digit, but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        length = 0
+        while '0' <= self.peek(length) <= '9':
+            length += 1
+        value = int(self.prefix(length))
+        self.forward(length)
+        return value
+
+    def scan_tag_directive_value(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        handle = self.scan_tag_directive_handle(start_mark)
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        prefix = self.scan_tag_directive_prefix(start_mark)
+        return (handle, prefix)
+
+    def scan_tag_directive_handle(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        value = self.scan_tag_handle('directive', start_mark)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch != ' ':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected ' ', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return value
+
+    def scan_tag_directive_prefix(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        value = self.scan_tag_uri('directive', start_mark)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected ' ', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return value
+
+    def scan_directive_ignored_line(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        if self.peek() == '#':
+            while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                self.forward()
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a comment or a line break, but found %r"
+                        % ch, self.get_mark())
+        self.scan_line_break()
+
+    def scan_anchor(self, TokenClass):
+        # The specification does not restrict characters for anchors and
+        # aliases. This may lead to problems, for instance, the document:
+        #   [ *alias, value ]
+        # can be interpreted in two ways, as
+        #   [ "value" ]
+        # and
+        #   [ *alias , "value" ]
+        # Therefore we restrict aliases to numbers and ASCII letters.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        indicator = self.peek()
+        if indicator == '*':
+            name = 'alias'
+        else:
+            name = 'anchor'
+        self.forward()
+        length = 0
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                or ch in '-_':
+            length += 1
+            ch = self.peek(length)
+        if not length:
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning an %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        value = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029?:,]}%@`':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning an %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        return TokenClass(value, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_tag(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        ch = self.peek(1)
+        if ch == '<':
+            handle = None
+            self.forward(2)
+            suffix = self.scan_tag_uri('tag', start_mark)
+            if self.peek() != '>':
+                raise ScannerError("while parsing a tag", start_mark,
+                        "expected '>', but found %r" % self.peek(),
+                        self.get_mark())
+            self.forward()
+        elif ch in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            handle = None
+            suffix = '!'
+            self.forward()
+        else:
+            length = 1
+            use_handle = False
+            while ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                if ch == '!':
+                    use_handle = True
+                    break
+                length += 1
+                ch = self.peek(length)
+            handle = '!'
+            if use_handle:
+                handle = self.scan_tag_handle('tag', start_mark)
+            else:
+                handle = '!'
+                self.forward()
+            suffix = self.scan_tag_uri('tag', start_mark)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a tag", start_mark,
+                    "expected ' ', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        value = (handle, suffix)
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        return TagToken(value, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_block_scalar(self, style):
+        # See the specification for details.
+
+        if style == '>':
+            folded = True
+        else:
+            folded = False
+
+        chunks = []
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+
+        # Scan the header.
+        self.forward()
+        chomping, increment = self.scan_block_scalar_indicators(start_mark)
+        self.scan_block_scalar_ignored_line(start_mark)
+
+        # Determine the indentation level and go to the first non-empty line.
+        min_indent = self.indent+1
+        if min_indent < 1:
+            min_indent = 1
+        if increment is None:
+            breaks, max_indent, end_mark = self.scan_block_scalar_indentation()
+            indent = max(min_indent, max_indent)
+        else:
+            indent = min_indent+increment-1
+            breaks, end_mark = self.scan_block_scalar_breaks(indent)
+        line_break = ''
+
+        # Scan the inner part of the block scalar.
+        while self.column == indent and self.peek() != '\0':
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+            leading_non_space = self.peek() not in ' \t'
+            length = 0
+            while self.peek(length) not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                length += 1
+            chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+            self.forward(length)
+            line_break = self.scan_line_break()
+            breaks, end_mark = self.scan_block_scalar_breaks(indent)
+            if self.column == indent and self.peek() != '\0':
+
+                # Unfortunately, folding rules are ambiguous.
+                #
+                # This is the folding according to the specification:
+                
+                if folded and line_break == '\n'    \
+                        and leading_non_space and self.peek() not in ' \t':
+                    if not breaks:
+                        chunks.append(' ')
+                else:
+                    chunks.append(line_break)
+                
+                # This is Clark Evans's interpretation (also in the spec
+                # examples):
+                #
+                #if folded and line_break == '\n':
+                #    if not breaks:
+                #        if self.peek() not in ' \t':
+                #            chunks.append(' ')
+                #        else:
+                #            chunks.append(line_break)
+                #else:
+                #    chunks.append(line_break)
+            else:
+                break
+
+        # Chomp the tail.
+        if chomping is not False:
+            chunks.append(line_break)
+        if chomping is True:
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+
+        # We are done.
+        return ScalarToken(''.join(chunks), False, start_mark, end_mark,
+                style)
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_indicators(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chomping = None
+        increment = None
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch in '+-':
+            if ch == '+':
+                chomping = True
+            else:
+                chomping = False
+            self.forward()
+            ch = self.peek()
+            if ch in '0123456789':
+                increment = int(ch)
+                if increment == 0:
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                            "expected indentation indicator in the range 1-9, but found 0",
+                            self.get_mark())
+                self.forward()
+        elif ch in '0123456789':
+            increment = int(ch)
+            if increment == 0:
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                        "expected indentation indicator in the range 1-9, but found 0",
+                        self.get_mark())
+            self.forward()
+            ch = self.peek()
+            if ch in '+-':
+                if ch == '+':
+                    chomping = True
+                else:
+                    chomping = False
+                self.forward()
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                    "expected chomping or indentation indicators, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return chomping, increment
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_ignored_line(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        if self.peek() == '#':
+            while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                self.forward()
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                    "expected a comment or a line break, but found %r" % ch,
+                    self.get_mark())
+        self.scan_line_break()
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_indentation(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        max_indent = 0
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        while self.peek() in ' \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            if self.peek() != ' ':
+                chunks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+                end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            else:
+                self.forward()
+                if self.column > max_indent:
+                    max_indent = self.column
+        return chunks, max_indent, end_mark
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_breaks(self, indent):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        while self.column < indent and self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        while self.peek() in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            chunks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            while self.column < indent and self.peek() == ' ':
+                self.forward()
+        return chunks, end_mark
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar(self, style):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # Note that we loose indentation rules for quoted scalars. Quoted
+        # scalars don't need to adhere indentation because " and ' clearly
+        # mark the beginning and the end of them. Therefore we are less
+        # restrictive then the specification requires. We only need to check
+        # that document separators are not included in scalars.
+        if style == '"':
+            double = True
+        else:
+            double = False
+        chunks = []
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        quote = self.peek()
+        self.forward()
+        chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_non_spaces(double, start_mark))
+        while self.peek() != quote:
+            chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_spaces(double, start_mark))
+            chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_non_spaces(double, start_mark))
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        return ScalarToken(''.join(chunks), False, start_mark, end_mark,
+                style)
+
+    ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = {
+        '0':    '\0',
+        'a':    '\x07',
+        'b':    '\x08',
+        't':    '\x09',
+        '\t':   '\x09',
+        'n':    '\x0A',
+        'v':    '\x0B',
+        'f':    '\x0C',
+        'r':    '\x0D',
+        'e':    '\x1B',
+        ' ':    '\x20',
+        '\"':   '\"',
+        '\\':   '\\',
+        '/':    '/',
+        'N':    '\x85',
+        '_':    '\xA0',
+        'L':    '\u2028',
+        'P':    '\u2029',
+    }
+
+    ESCAPE_CODES = {
+        'x':    2,
+        'u':    4,
+        'U':    8,
+    }
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar_non_spaces(self, double, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        while True:
+            length = 0
+            while self.peek(length) not in '\'\"\\\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                length += 1
+            if length:
+                chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+                self.forward(length)
+            ch = self.peek()
+            if not double and ch == '\'' and self.peek(1) == '\'':
+                chunks.append('\'')
+                self.forward(2)
+            elif (double and ch == '\'') or (not double and ch in '\"\\'):
+                chunks.append(ch)
+                self.forward()
+            elif double and ch == '\\':
+                self.forward()
+                ch = self.peek()
+                if ch in self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS:
+                    chunks.append(self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[ch])
+                    self.forward()
+                elif ch in self.ESCAPE_CODES:
+                    length = self.ESCAPE_CODES[ch]
+                    self.forward()
+                    for k in range(length):
+                        if self.peek(k) not in '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef':
+                            raise ScannerError("while scanning a double-quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                                    "expected escape sequence of %d hexadecimal numbers, but found %r" %
+                                        (length, self.peek(k)), self.get_mark())
+                    code = int(self.prefix(length), 16)
+                    chunks.append(chr(code))
+                    self.forward(length)
+                elif ch in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    self.scan_line_break()
+                    chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_breaks(double, start_mark))
+                else:
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a double-quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                            "found unknown escape character %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+            else:
+                return chunks
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar_spaces(self, double, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        length = 0
+        while self.peek(length) in ' \t':
+            length += 1
+        whitespaces = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch == '\0':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                    "found unexpected end of stream", self.get_mark())
+        elif ch in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            line_break = self.scan_line_break()
+            breaks = self.scan_flow_scalar_breaks(double, start_mark)
+            if line_break != '\n':
+                chunks.append(line_break)
+            elif not breaks:
+                chunks.append(' ')
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+        else:
+            chunks.append(whitespaces)
+        return chunks
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar_breaks(self, double, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        while True:
+            # Instead of checking indentation, we check for document
+            # separators.
+            prefix = self.prefix(3)
+            if (prefix == '---' or prefix == '...')   \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                        "found unexpected document separator", self.get_mark())
+            while self.peek() in ' \t':
+                self.forward()
+            if self.peek() in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                chunks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+            else:
+                return chunks
+
+    def scan_plain(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # We add an additional restriction for the flow context:
+        #   plain scalars in the flow context cannot contain ',' or '?'.
+        # We also keep track of the `allow_simple_key` flag here.
+        # Indentation rules are loosed for the flow context.
+        chunks = []
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        end_mark = start_mark
+        indent = self.indent+1
+        # We allow zero indentation for scalars, but then we need to check for
+        # document separators at the beginning of the line.
+        #if indent == 0:
+        #    indent = 1
+        spaces = []
+        while True:
+            length = 0
+            if self.peek() == '#':
+                break
+            while True:
+                ch = self.peek(length)
+                if ch in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'    \
+                        or (ch == ':' and
+                                self.peek(length+1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+                                      + (u',[]{}' if self.flow_level else u''))\
+                        or (self.flow_level and ch in ',?[]{}'):
+                    break
+                length += 1
+            if length == 0:
+                break
+            self.allow_simple_key = False
+            chunks.extend(spaces)
+            chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+            self.forward(length)
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            spaces = self.scan_plain_spaces(indent, start_mark)
+            if not spaces or self.peek() == '#' \
+                    or (not self.flow_level and self.column < indent):
+                break
+        return ScalarToken(''.join(chunks), True, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_plain_spaces(self, indent, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # The specification is really confusing about tabs in plain scalars.
+        # We just forbid them completely. Do not use tabs in YAML!
+        chunks = []
+        length = 0
+        while self.peek(length) in ' ':
+            length += 1
+        whitespaces = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            line_break = self.scan_line_break()
+            self.allow_simple_key = True
+            prefix = self.prefix(3)
+            if (prefix == '---' or prefix == '...')   \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                return
+            breaks = []
+            while self.peek() in ' \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                if self.peek() == ' ':
+                    self.forward()
+                else:
+                    breaks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+                    prefix = self.prefix(3)
+                    if (prefix == '---' or prefix == '...')   \
+                            and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                        return
+            if line_break != '\n':
+                chunks.append(line_break)
+            elif not breaks:
+                chunks.append(' ')
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+        elif whitespaces:
+            chunks.append(whitespaces)
+        return chunks
+
+    def scan_tag_handle(self, name, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # For some strange reasons, the specification does not allow '_' in
+        # tag handles. I have allowed it anyway.
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch != '!':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected '!', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        length = 1
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        if ch != ' ':
+            while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                    or ch in '-_':
+                length += 1
+                ch = self.peek(length)
+            if ch != '!':
+                self.forward(length)
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                        "expected '!', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+            length += 1
+        value = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        return value
+
+    def scan_tag_uri(self, name, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # Note: we do not check if URI is well-formed.
+        chunks = []
+        length = 0
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                or ch in '-;/?:@&=+$,_.!~*\'()[]%':
+            if ch == '%':
+                chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+                self.forward(length)
+                length = 0
+                chunks.append(self.scan_uri_escapes(name, start_mark))
+            else:
+                length += 1
+            ch = self.peek(length)
+        if length:
+            chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+            self.forward(length)
+            length = 0
+        if not chunks:
+            raise ScannerError("while parsing a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected URI, but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return ''.join(chunks)
+
+    def scan_uri_escapes(self, name, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        codes = []
+        mark = self.get_mark()
+        while self.peek() == '%':
+            self.forward()
+            for k in range(2):
+                if self.peek(k) not in '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef':
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                            "expected URI escape sequence of 2 hexadecimal numbers, but found %r"
+                            % self.peek(k), self.get_mark())
+            codes.append(int(self.prefix(2), 16))
+            self.forward(2)
+        try:
+            value = bytes(codes).decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark, str(exc), mark)
+        return value
+
+    def scan_line_break(self):
+        # Transforms:
+        #   '\r\n'      :   '\n'
+        #   '\r'        :   '\n'
+        #   '\n'        :   '\n'
+        #   '\x85'      :   '\n'
+        #   '\u2028'    :   '\u2028'
+        #   '\u2029     :   '\u2029'
+        #   default     :   ''
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch in '\r\n\x85':
+            if self.prefix(2) == '\r\n':
+                self.forward(2)
+            else:
+                self.forward()
+            return '\n'
+        elif ch in '\u2028\u2029':
+            self.forward()
+            return ch
+        return ''
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/serializer.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/serializer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe911e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/serializer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+
+__all__ = ['Serializer', 'SerializerError']
+
+from .error import YAMLError
+from .events import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+class SerializerError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class Serializer:
+
+    ANCHOR_TEMPLATE = 'id%03d'
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding=None,
+            explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None, version=None, tags=None):
+        self.use_encoding = encoding
+        self.use_explicit_start = explicit_start
+        self.use_explicit_end = explicit_end
+        self.use_version = version
+        self.use_tags = tags
+        self.serialized_nodes = {}
+        self.anchors = {}
+        self.last_anchor_id = 0
+        self.closed = None
+
+    def open(self):
+        if self.closed is None:
+            self.emit(StreamStartEvent(encoding=self.use_encoding))
+            self.closed = False
+        elif self.closed:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is closed")
+        else:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is already opened")
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self.closed is None:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is not opened")
+        elif not self.closed:
+            self.emit(StreamEndEvent())
+            self.closed = True
+
+    #def __del__(self):
+    #    self.close()
+
+    def serialize(self, node):
+        if self.closed is None:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is not opened")
+        elif self.closed:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is closed")
+        self.emit(DocumentStartEvent(explicit=self.use_explicit_start,
+            version=self.use_version, tags=self.use_tags))
+        self.anchor_node(node)
+        self.serialize_node(node, None, None)
+        self.emit(DocumentEndEvent(explicit=self.use_explicit_end))
+        self.serialized_nodes = {}
+        self.anchors = {}
+        self.last_anchor_id = 0
+
+    def anchor_node(self, node):
+        if node in self.anchors:
+            if self.anchors[node] is None:
+                self.anchors[node] = self.generate_anchor(node)
+        else:
+            self.anchors[node] = None
+            if isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+                for item in node.value:
+                    self.anchor_node(item)
+            elif isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+                for key, value in node.value:
+                    self.anchor_node(key)
+                    self.anchor_node(value)
+
+    def generate_anchor(self, node):
+        self.last_anchor_id += 1
+        return self.ANCHOR_TEMPLATE % self.last_anchor_id
+
+    def serialize_node(self, node, parent, index):
+        alias = self.anchors[node]
+        if node in self.serialized_nodes:
+            self.emit(AliasEvent(alias))
+        else:
+            self.serialized_nodes[node] = True
+            self.descend_resolver(parent, index)
+            if isinstance(node, ScalarNode):
+                detected_tag = self.resolve(ScalarNode, node.value, (True, False))
+                default_tag = self.resolve(ScalarNode, node.value, (False, True))
+                implicit = (node.tag == detected_tag), (node.tag == default_tag)
+                self.emit(ScalarEvent(alias, node.tag, implicit, node.value,
+                    style=node.style))
+            elif isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+                implicit = (node.tag
+                            == self.resolve(SequenceNode, node.value, True))
+                self.emit(SequenceStartEvent(alias, node.tag, implicit,
+                    flow_style=node.flow_style))
+                index = 0
+                for item in node.value:
+                    self.serialize_node(item, node, index)
+                    index += 1
+                self.emit(SequenceEndEvent())
+            elif isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+                implicit = (node.tag
+                            == self.resolve(MappingNode, node.value, True))
+                self.emit(MappingStartEvent(alias, node.tag, implicit,
+                    flow_style=node.flow_style))
+                for key, value in node.value:
+                    self.serialize_node(key, node, None)
+                    self.serialize_node(value, node, key)
+                self.emit(MappingEndEvent())
+            self.ascend_resolver()
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/tokens.py b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/tokens.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d0b48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/tokens.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+
+class Token(object):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+    def __repr__(self):
+        attributes = [key for key in self.__dict__
+                if not key.endswith('_mark')]
+        attributes.sort()
+        arguments = ', '.join(['%s=%r' % (key, getattr(self, key))
+                for key in attributes])
+        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, arguments)
+
+#class BOMToken(Token):
+#    id = '<byte order mark>'
+
+class DirectiveToken(Token):
+    id = '<directive>'
+    def __init__(self, name, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class DocumentStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<document start>'
+
+class DocumentEndToken(Token):
+    id = '<document end>'
+
+class StreamStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<stream start>'
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            encoding=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+class StreamEndToken(Token):
+    id = '<stream end>'
+
+class BlockSequenceStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<block sequence start>'
+
+class BlockMappingStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<block mapping start>'
+
+class BlockEndToken(Token):
+    id = '<block end>'
+
+class FlowSequenceStartToken(Token):
+    id = '['
+
+class FlowMappingStartToken(Token):
+    id = '{'
+
+class FlowSequenceEndToken(Token):
+    id = ']'
+
+class FlowMappingEndToken(Token):
+    id = '}'
+
+class KeyToken(Token):
+    id = '?'
+
+class ValueToken(Token):
+    id = ':'
+
+class BlockEntryToken(Token):
+    id = '-'
+
+class FlowEntryToken(Token):
+    id = ','
+
+class AliasToken(Token):
+    id = '<alias>'
+    def __init__(self, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class AnchorToken(Token):
+    id = '<anchor>'
+    def __init__(self, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class TagToken(Token):
+    id = '<tag>'
+    def __init__(self, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class ScalarToken(Token):
+    id = '<scalar>'
+    def __init__(self, value, plain, start_mark, end_mark, style=None):
+        self.value = value
+        self.plain = plain
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.style = style
+
diff --git a/.venv/lib64 b/.venv/lib64
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..7951405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/lib64
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+lib
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.venv/pyvenv.cfg b/.venv/pyvenv.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0852152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.venv/pyvenv.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+home = /usr/bin
+include-system-site-packages = false
+version = 3.12.3
+executable = /usr/bin/python3.12
+command = /usr/bin/python3 -m venv /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/.venv
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 797e170..4e06d2c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,174 @@
-# sovereign-orchestrator
+# Sovereign Orchestrator
 
-Sovereign Box Orchestrator - API and GUI to automate Proxmox VE auto-installer ISO builds and deployments
\ No newline at end of file
+**Automated Proxmox VE deployment and ISO build service by Theta42.**
+
+A web-based orchestration platform that automates the creation of custom Proxmox VE auto-installer ISOs and manages VM deployments through a premium dark-mode GUI and REST API.
+
+## Features
+
+- **ISO Builder**: Generate custom Proxmox VE 9.1.x auto-installer ISOs with pre-configured `answers.toml`
+- **VM Deployment**: Automated VM lifecycle management (create, start, stop, destroy) via Proxmox API
+- **Build Pipeline**: Visual build status tracking with real-time log streaming
+- **VM Control Panel**: Direct VM management with status monitoring
+- **REST API**: Full programmatic access to all orchestrator functions
+- **Premium GUI**: Sleek dark-mode interface with glassmorphism design
+
+## Architecture
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────┐
+│     Frontend (Vanilla JS)       │
+│  Dark Mode Dashboard + Forms    │
+├─────────────────────────────────┤
+│     FastAPI Backend (Python)    │
+│  REST API + Static File Server  │
+├──────────┬──────────────────────┤
+│ ISO      │ Proxmox VE API      │
+│ Builder  │ Client (httpx)      │
+└──────────┴──────────────────────┘
+         │              │
+    ┌────┴────┐   ┌────┴────────┐
+    │ xorriso │   │ Proxmox VE  │
+    │ PVE ISO │   │ Host API    │
+    └─────────┘   └─────────────┘
+```
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- Python 3.11+
+- `xorriso` (for ISO manipulation)
+- `proxmox-auto-install-assistant` (from Proxmox repos)
+- Proxmox VE API token (see [Configuration](#configuration))
+
+### Install & Run
+
+```bash
+# Clone
+git clone ssh://gitea@git.theta42.com:2222/nova/sovereign-orchestrator.git
+cd sovereign-orchestrator
+
+# Install dependencies
+python3 -m venv venv
+source venv/bin/activate
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# Run
+uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8888
+```
+
+Open `http://localhost:8888` in your browser.
+
+### Production Deployment
+
+```bash
+# Run as root on the target LXC container
+sudo bash setup.sh
+sudo systemctl start sovereign-orchestrator
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+### Proxmox Credentials
+
+Create `~/.proxmox-credentials`:
+
+```bash
+PROXMOX_HOST=https://your-pve-host:8006
+PROXMOX_TOKEN_ID=user@pam!tokenname
+PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
+```
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+| Variable | Default | Description |
+|----------|---------|-------------|
+| `PROXMOX_HOST` | (from credentials file) | Proxmox VE API URL |
+| `PROXMOX_TOKEN_ID` | (from credentials file) | API token ID |
+| `PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET` | (from credentials file) | API token secret |
+| `ISO_STORAGE_PATH` | `/var/lib/vz/template/iso` | Path to ISO storage |
+| `DEFAULT_NODE` | `dl380-0` | Default Proxmox node |
+| `DEFAULT_VMID` | `900` | Default VM ID for deployments |
+
+## API Reference
+
+### System Status
+```
+GET /api/status
+```
+
+### ISO Generation
+```
+POST /api/generate-iso
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+{
+  "fqdn": "pve.example.com",
+  "keyboard": "en-us",
+  "country": "us",
+  "timezone": "America/New_York",
+  "mailto": "admin@example.com",
+  "root_password": "secure-password",
+  "root_ssh_keys": ["ssh-rsa AAAA..."],
+  "network_source": "from-dhcp",
+  "filesystem": "ext4",
+  "disk_list": ["sda"]
+}
+```
+
+### VM Deployment
+```
+POST /api/deploy
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+{
+  "vmid": 900,
+  "node": "dl380-0",
+  "cores": 4,
+  "memory": 8192,
+  "disk_size": "64G"
+}
+```
+
+### Build Status
+```
+GET /api/builds
+GET /api/builds/{build_id}
+```
+
+### VM Control
+```
+GET  /api/vm/{vmid}/status
+POST /api/vm/{vmid}/start
+POST /api/vm/{vmid}/stop
+```
+
+### ISO Listing
+```
+GET /api/isos
+```
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+sovereign-orchestrator/
+├── app/
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py            # FastAPI application & routes
+│   ├── config.py           # Configuration management
+│   ├── models.py           # Pydantic data models
+│   ├── proxmox_client.py   # Proxmox VE API client
+│   └── iso_builder.py      # ISO generation logic
+├── static/
+│   ├── index.html          # Single-page application
+│   ├── style.css           # Premium dark-mode styles
+│   └── app.js              # Frontend application logic
+├── setup.sh                # Production deployment script
+├── requirements.txt        # Python dependencies
+└── README.md               # This file
+```
+
+## License
+
+Proprietary - Theta42
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/__init__.py b/app/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3eacc1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Sovereign Orchestrator App Package
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diff --git a/app/config.py b/app/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7897db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""
+Sovereign Orchestrator - Configuration Module
+
+Loads application configuration from environment variables and
+the ~/.proxmox-credentials file.
+"""
+
+import os
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_CREDENTIALS_PATH = Path.home() / ".proxmox-credentials"
+
+
+def _load_credentials_file() -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Parse the ~/.proxmox-credentials file into a dict of key=value pairs."""
+    creds: dict[str, str] = {}
+    if not _CREDENTIALS_PATH.exists():
+        logger.warning("Credentials file not found at %s", _CREDENTIALS_PATH)
+        return creds
+    try:
+        for line in _CREDENTIALS_PATH.read_text().splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+                continue
+            if "=" in line:
+                key, _, value = line.partition("=")
+                creds[key.strip()] = value.strip()
+    except OSError as exc:
+        logger.error("Failed to read credentials file: %s", exc)
+    return creds
+
+
+_creds = _load_credentials_file()
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Settings:
+    """Application settings with env-var overrides."""
+
+    # Proxmox connection
+    proxmox_host: str = os.getenv(
+        "PROXMOX_HOST", _creds.get("PROXMOX_HOST", "https://localhost:8006")
+    )
+    proxmox_token_id: str = os.getenv(
+        "PROXMOX_TOKEN_ID", _creds.get("PROXMOX_TOKEN_ID", "")
+    )
+    proxmox_token_secret: str = os.getenv(
+        "PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET", _creds.get("PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET", "")
+    )
+
+    # Storage paths
+    iso_storage_path: str = os.getenv(
+        "ISO_STORAGE_PATH", "/var/lib/vz/template/iso"
+    )
+    build_output_path: str = os.getenv(
+        "BUILD_OUTPUT_PATH", "/tmp/sovereign-orchestrator/builds"
+    )
+
+    # Defaults
+    default_node: str = os.getenv("DEFAULT_NODE", "dl380-0")
+    default_vmid: int = int(os.getenv("DEFAULT_VMID", "900"))
+    default_storage: str = os.getenv("DEFAULT_STORAGE", "local")
+
+    # App
+    app_host: str = os.getenv("APP_HOST", "0.0.0.0")
+    app_port: int = int(os.getenv("APP_PORT", "8888"))
+
+    # Reference answers.toml template
+    answers_template_path: str = os.getenv(
+        "ANSWERS_TEMPLATE_PATH",
+        "/home/william/dev/theta42/proxmox-appliance-automation/files/answers.toml",
+    )
+
+
+settings = Settings()
diff --git a/app/iso_builder.py b/app/iso_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8734417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/iso_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+"""
+Sovereign Orchestrator - ISO Builder
+
+Generates answers.toml files and invokes `proxmox-auto-install-assistant`
+to produce custom auto-installer ISOs.  Build state is tracked in-memory
+and exposed through the API.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+import toml
+
+from app.config import settings
+from app.models import BuildState, BuildStatus, ISOConfig
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# In-memory build registry
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_builds: dict[str, BuildStatus] = {}
+
+
+def get_all_builds() -> list[BuildStatus]:
+    """Return all builds, newest first."""
+    return sorted(
+        _builds.values(), key=lambda b: b.created_at, reverse=True
+    )
+
+
+def get_build(build_id: str) -> Optional[BuildStatus]:
+    """Look up a single build by ID."""
+    return _builds.get(build_id)
+
+
+def get_latest_build() -> Optional[BuildStatus]:
+    """Return the most recent build, or None."""
+    builds = get_all_builds()
+    return builds[0] if builds else None
+
+
+def get_active_builds() -> list[BuildStatus]:
+    """Return builds that are still in progress."""
+    return [
+        b for b in _builds.values()
+        if b.state in (BuildState.PENDING, BuildState.BUILDING, BuildState.UPLOADING)
+    ]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# answers.toml generation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def generate_answers_toml(config: ISOConfig) -> str:
+    """Render an ``answers.toml`` string from the given configuration.
+
+    The output format matches the Proxmox auto-installer specification
+    with [global], [network], and [disk-setup] sections.
+    """
+    doc: dict = {
+        "global": {
+            "keyboard": config.keyboard,
+            "country": config.country,
+            "timezone": config.timezone,
+            "mailto": config.mailto,
+            "root-password": config.root_password,
+            "fqdn": config.fqdn,
+            "reboot-on-error": config.reboot_on_error,
+        },
+        "network": {
+            "source": config.network_source.value,
+        },
+        "disk-setup": {
+            "filesystem": config.filesystem.value,
+            "disk-list": config.disk_list,
+        },
+    }
+
+    if config.root_ssh_keys:
+        doc["global"]["root-ssh-keys"] = config.root_ssh_keys
+
+    return toml.dumps(doc)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Base ISO discovery
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_BASE_ISO_SEARCH_PATHS = [
+    Path(settings.iso_storage_path),
+    Path("/var/lib/vz/template/iso"),
+    Path("/usr/share/proxmox-installer"),
+    Path.home() / "isos",
+]
+
+
+def find_base_iso() -> Optional[Path]:
+    """Locate the first Proxmox VE ISO in well-known directories.
+
+    Searches for files matching ``proxmox-ve_*.iso``.
+    """
+    for search_dir in _BASE_ISO_SEARCH_PATHS:
+        if not search_dir.is_dir():
+            continue
+        candidates = sorted(
+            search_dir.glob("proxmox-ve_*.iso"), reverse=True
+        )
+        if candidates:
+            logger.info("Found base ISO: %s", candidates[0])
+            return candidates[0]
+    logger.warning("No base Proxmox VE ISO found in search paths")
+    return None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ISO build pipeline
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _ensure_build_dir() -> Path:
+    """Create and return the build output directory."""
+    build_dir = Path(settings.build_output_path)
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    return build_dir
+
+
+async def build_iso(config: ISOConfig) -> BuildStatus:
+    """Kick off an asynchronous ISO build and return the BuildStatus.
+
+    The actual subprocess work runs in the background so the API can
+    return immediately.
+    """
+    build = BuildStatus(iso_config=config)
+    _builds[build.id] = build
+    build.log(f"Build {build.id} created")
+
+    # Launch the background task
+    asyncio.create_task(_run_build(build))
+
+    return build
+
+
+async def _run_build(build: BuildStatus) -> None:
+    """Execute the full ISO build pipeline."""
+    try:
+        build.state = BuildState.BUILDING
+        build.log("Build started")
+
+        build_dir = _ensure_build_dir()
+        work_dir = build_dir / build.id
+        work_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # 1. Write answers.toml
+        answers_path = work_dir / "answers.toml"
+        answers_content = generate_answers_toml(build.iso_config)
+        answers_path.write_text(answers_content)
+        build.log(f"answers.toml written to {answers_path}")
+        logger.debug("answers.toml content:\n%s", answers_content)
+
+        # 2. Locate base ISO
+        base_iso = find_base_iso()
+        if base_iso is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(
+                "No base Proxmox VE ISO found. Place a proxmox-ve_*.iso in "
+                f"{settings.iso_storage_path}"
+            )
+        build.log(f"Using base ISO: {base_iso}")
+
+        # 3. Determine output filename
+        fqdn_slug = build.iso_config.fqdn.replace(".", "-")
+        timestamp = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
+        output_filename = f"pve-autoinstall-{fqdn_slug}-{timestamp}.iso"
+        output_path = work_dir / output_filename
+
+        # 4. Copy the base ISO to the output path first (prepare-iso works
+        #    on a copy so we don't mutate the original)
+        build.log(f"Copying base ISO to {output_path}")
+        await asyncio.to_thread(shutil.copy2, str(base_iso), str(output_path))
+        build.log("Base ISO copied")
+
+        # 5. Run proxmox-auto-install-assistant prepare-iso
+        cmd = [
+            "proxmox-auto-install-assistant",
+            "prepare-iso",
+            str(output_path),
+            "--fetch-from", "iso",
+            "--answer-file", str(answers_path),
+        ]
+        build.log(f"Running: {' '.join(cmd)}")
+
+        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+            *cmd,
+            stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=asyncio.subprocess.STDOUT,
+            cwd=str(work_dir),
+        )
+
+        # Stream output into build logs
+        assert proc.stdout is not None
+        while True:
+            line = await proc.stdout.readline()
+            if not line:
+                break
+            decoded = line.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").rstrip()
+            build.log(decoded)
+            logger.debug("[build %s] %s", build.id, decoded)
+
+        return_code = await proc.wait()
+
+        if return_code != 0:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"proxmox-auto-install-assistant exited with code {return_code}"
+            )
+
+        build.iso_filename = output_filename
+        build.state = BuildState.COMPLETED
+        build.log(f"Build completed: {output_filename}")
+        logger.info("Build %s completed: %s", build.id, output_path)
+
+    except Exception as exc:
+        build.state = BuildState.FAILED
+        build.error = str(exc)
+        build.log(f"Build failed: {exc}")
+        logger.exception("Build %s failed", build.id)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Utility: get the output ISO path for a build
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def get_build_iso_path(build_id: str) -> Optional[Path]:
+    """Return the absolute path to the output ISO for a completed build."""
+    build = _builds.get(build_id)
+    if not build or not build.iso_filename:
+        return None
+    return Path(settings.build_output_path) / build.id / build.iso_filename
diff --git a/app/main.py b/app/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54b6a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+"""
+Sovereign Orchestrator - FastAPI Application
+
+Main entrypoint that wires up all API routes, middleware, and static file
+serving.  Run with:
+
+    uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8888
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
+from app.config import settings
+from app.iso_builder import (
+    build_iso,
+    get_all_builds,
+    get_build,
+    get_build_iso_path,
+    get_active_builds,
+    get_latest_build,
+)
+from app.models import (
+    BuildState,
+    BuildStatus,
+    DeployConfig,
+    DeployResult,
+    ISOConfig,
+    ISOInfo,
+    NodeInfo,
+    SystemStatus,
+    VMStatus,
+)
+from app.proxmox_client import ProxmoxError, proxmox
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Logging
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+logging.basicConfig(
+    level=logging.INFO,
+    format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-8s  %(name)s  %(message)s",
+)
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# App setup
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+app = FastAPI(
+    title="Sovereign Orchestrator",
+    description=(
+        "API for building Proxmox auto-install ISOs and deploying "
+        "VMs on a Proxmox VE cluster."
+    ),
+    version="0.1.0",
+)
+
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=["*"],
+    allow_credentials=True,
+    allow_methods=["*"],
+    allow_headers=["*"],
+)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Static files  – mount the frontend at / (must be last, after API routes)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_static_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "static"
+_static_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Health / status
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@app.get("/api/status", response_model=SystemStatus, tags=["Status"])
+async def get_system_status() -> SystemStatus:
+    """Return an aggregate system status dashboard.
+
+    Includes Proxmox node info, test VM state, available ISOs, and the
+    active build queue.  Proxmox errors are captured gracefully so the
+    endpoint always returns *something*.
+    """
+    status = SystemStatus()
+
+    try:
+        # Nodes
+        raw_nodes = await proxmox.get_nodes()
+        status.nodes = [
+            NodeInfo(
+                node=n.get("node", "unknown"),
+                status=n.get("status", "unknown"),
+                cpu=n.get("cpu"),
+                maxcpu=n.get("maxcpu"),
+                mem=n.get("mem"),
+                maxmem=n.get("maxmem"),
+                uptime=n.get("uptime"),
+            )
+            for n in raw_nodes
+        ]
+
+        # Test VM
+        try:
+            vm_data = await proxmox.get_vm_status()
+            status.test_vm = VMStatus(
+                vmid=settings.default_vmid,
+                name=vm_data.get("name"),
+                status=vm_data.get("status", "unknown"),
+                node=settings.default_node,
+                cpus=vm_data.get("cpus"),
+                maxmem=vm_data.get("maxmem"),
+                maxdisk=vm_data.get("maxdisk"),
+                uptime=vm_data.get("uptime"),
+                pid=vm_data.get("pid"),
+            )
+        except ProxmoxError:
+            logger.debug("Test VM %d not found (may not exist yet)", settings.default_vmid)
+
+        # ISOs
+        try:
+            raw_isos = await proxmox.get_isos()
+            status.available_isos = [
+                ISOInfo(
+                    volid=iso.get("volid", ""),
+                    filename=iso.get("volid", "").split("/")[-1],
+                    size=iso.get("size"),
+                )
+                for iso in raw_isos
+            ]
+        except ProxmoxError:
+            logger.debug("Could not list ISOs")
+
+        status.proxmox_connected = True
+
+    except ProxmoxError as exc:
+        status.error = str(exc)
+        logger.warning("Proxmox status check failed: %s", exc)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        status.error = f"Unexpected error: {exc}"
+        logger.exception("Status check failed")
+
+    # Build queue (always available even if Proxmox is down)
+    status.active_builds = get_active_builds()
+
+    return status
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ISO generation
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@app.post("/api/generate-iso", response_model=BuildStatus, tags=["ISO"])
+async def generate_iso(config: ISOConfig) -> BuildStatus:
+    """Generate a custom Proxmox auto-install ISO.
+
+    Accepts the installation configuration, writes an ``answers.toml``,
+    and asynchronously runs ``proxmox-auto-install-assistant prepare-iso``.
+    Returns the build status immediately; poll ``/api/builds/{id}`` for
+    progress.
+    """
+    logger.info("ISO generation requested for %s", config.fqdn)
+    build = await build_iso(config)
+    return build
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Builds
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@app.get("/api/builds", response_model=list[BuildStatus], tags=["Builds"])
+async def list_builds() -> list[BuildStatus]:
+    """List all ISO builds, newest first."""
+    return get_all_builds()
+
+
+@app.get("/api/builds/{build_id}", response_model=BuildStatus, tags=["Builds"])
+async def get_build_detail(build_id: str) -> BuildStatus:
+    """Get detailed status and logs for a specific build."""
+    build = get_build(build_id)
+    if build is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Build {build_id} not found")
+    return build
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Deploy
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@app.post("/api/deploy", response_model=DeployResult, tags=["Deploy"])
+async def deploy_vm(config: DeployConfig) -> DeployResult:
+    """Deploy a VM using the custom auto-install ISO.
+
+    This will:
+    1. Resolve which ISO to use (from *build_id* or the latest build)
+    2. Upload the ISO to Proxmox storage if needed
+    3. Stop and destroy the existing VM (if any)
+    4. Create a new VM with the ISO mounted
+    5. Start the VM
+
+    The entire flow runs synchronously so the caller gets a final status.
+    """
+    node = config.node
+    vmid = config.vmid
+
+    # --- Resolve the ISO to deploy ---
+    build_id = config.build_id
+    if build_id is None:
+        latest = get_latest_build()
+        if latest is None or latest.state != BuildState.COMPLETED:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail="No completed build available. Run /api/generate-iso first.",
+            )
+        build_id = latest.id
+
+    build = get_build(build_id)
+    if build is None or build.state != BuildState.COMPLETED:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=400,
+            detail=f"Build {build_id} is not in a completed state.",
+        )
+
+    iso_path = get_build_iso_path(build_id)
+    if iso_path is None or not iso_path.exists():
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=500,
+            detail=f"ISO file for build {build_id} not found on disk.",
+        )
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Deploying VM %d on %s from build %s (%s)",
+        vmid, node, build_id, iso_path.name,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # --- Upload ISO to Proxmox ---
+        iso_volid = f"{config.iso_storage}:iso/{iso_path.name}"
+        try:
+            existing_isos = await proxmox.get_isos(node, config.iso_storage)
+            already_uploaded = any(
+                i.get("volid") == iso_volid for i in existing_isos
+            )
+        except ProxmoxError:
+            already_uploaded = False
+
+        if not already_uploaded:
+            logger.info("Uploading ISO %s to Proxmox storage", iso_path.name)
+            upload_upid = await proxmox.upload_iso(
+                str(iso_path), node, config.iso_storage
+            )
+            await proxmox.wait_for_task(node, upload_upid, max_wait=300)
+            logger.info("ISO upload completed")
+
+        # --- Tear down existing VM ---
+        try:
+            vm_status = await proxmox.get_vm_status(node, vmid)
+            current_state = vm_status.get("status", "")
+
+            if current_state == "running":
+                logger.info("Stopping existing VM %d", vmid)
+                stop_upid = await proxmox.stop_vm(node, vmid)
+                await proxmox.wait_for_task(node, stop_upid, max_wait=60)
+                # Brief pause for lock release
+                await asyncio.sleep(3)
+
+            logger.info("Destroying existing VM %d", vmid)
+            destroy_upid = await proxmox.destroy_vm(node, vmid)
+            await proxmox.wait_for_task(node, destroy_upid, max_wait=60)
+            await asyncio.sleep(2)
+
+        except ProxmoxError as exc:
+            if exc.status_code == 500 or exc.status_code == 404:
+                logger.info("VM %d does not exist, skipping teardown", vmid)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        # --- Create new VM ---
+        vm_config: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "vmid": vmid,
+            "name": build.iso_config.fqdn.split(".")[0] if build.iso_config else f"vm-{vmid}",
+            "cores": config.cores,
+            "memory": config.memory,
+            "ostype": "l26",
+            "scsihw": "virtio-scsi-single",
+            "scsi0": f"{config.storage}:{config.disk_size.rstrip('G')},iothread=1",
+            "ide2": f"{iso_volid},media=cdrom",
+            "boot": "order=ide2;scsi0",
+            "net0": "virtio,bridge=vmbr0",
+            "serial0": "socket",
+            "vga": "serial0",
+        }
+
+        create_upid = await proxmox.create_vm(node, vmid, vm_config)
+        if isinstance(create_upid, str) and create_upid.startswith("UPID"):
+            await proxmox.wait_for_task(node, create_upid, max_wait=30)
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+        # --- Start the VM ---
+        start_upid = await proxmox.start_vm(node, vmid)
+
+        return DeployResult(
+            vmid=vmid,
+            node=node,
+            status="started",
+            message=f"VM {vmid} created and started with ISO {iso_path.name}",
+            task_id=start_upid if isinstance(start_upid, str) else None,
+        )
+
+    except ProxmoxError as exc:
+        logger.error("Deploy failed: %s", exc)
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=str(exc))
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.exception("Unexpected deploy error")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(exc))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# VM management
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@app.get("/api/vm/{vmid}/status", response_model=VMStatus, tags=["VM"])
+async def vm_status(vmid: int, node: str | None = None) -> VMStatus:
+    """Get the current status of a VM."""
+    node = node or settings.default_node
+    try:
+        data = await proxmox.get_vm_status(node, vmid)
+        return VMStatus(
+            vmid=vmid,
+            name=data.get("name"),
+            status=data.get("status", "unknown"),
+            node=node,
+            cpus=data.get("cpus"),
+            maxmem=data.get("maxmem"),
+            maxdisk=data.get("maxdisk"),
+            uptime=data.get("uptime"),
+            pid=data.get("pid"),
+        )
+    except ProxmoxError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=str(exc))
+
+
+@app.post("/api/vm/{vmid}/start", tags=["VM"])
+async def vm_start(vmid: int, node: str | None = None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Start a VM."""
+    node = node or settings.default_node
+    try:
+        task_id = await proxmox.start_vm(node, vmid)
+        return {"status": "starting", "vmid": str(vmid), "task_id": str(task_id)}
+    except ProxmoxError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=str(exc))
+
+
+@app.post("/api/vm/{vmid}/stop", tags=["VM"])
+async def vm_stop(vmid: int, node: str | None = None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Stop a VM."""
+    node = node or settings.default_node
+    try:
+        task_id = await proxmox.stop_vm(node, vmid)
+        return {"status": "stopping", "vmid": str(vmid), "task_id": str(task_id)}
+    except ProxmoxError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=str(exc))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ISOs
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@app.get("/api/isos", response_model=list[ISOInfo], tags=["ISO"])
+async def list_isos(
+    node: str | None = None, storage: str | None = None
+) -> list[ISOInfo]:
+    """List available ISO images on Proxmox storage."""
+    try:
+        raw = await proxmox.get_isos(node, storage)
+        return [
+            ISOInfo(
+                volid=iso.get("volid", ""),
+                filename=iso.get("volid", "").split("/")[-1],
+                size=iso.get("size"),
+            )
+            for iso in raw
+        ]
+    except ProxmoxError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=502, detail=str(exc))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Static files — mounted last so API routes take precedence
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+app.mount("/", StaticFiles(directory=str(_static_dir), html=True), name="static")
diff --git a/app/models.py b/app/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4800dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""
+Sovereign Orchestrator - Pydantic Models
+
+Data models for API request/response payloads and internal state.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Enums
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class BuildState(str, Enum):
+    """Lifecycle states for an ISO build job."""
+    PENDING = "pending"
+    BUILDING = "building"
+    UPLOADING = "uploading"
+    COMPLETED = "completed"
+    FAILED = "failed"
+
+
+class NetworkSource(str, Enum):
+    """Proxmox installer network source options."""
+    FROM_DHCP = "from-dhcp"
+    FROM_ANSWER = "from-answer"
+
+
+class Filesystem(str, Enum):
+    """Supported root filesystems."""
+    EXT4 = "ext4"
+    XFS = "xfs"
+    ZFS = "zfs"
+    BTRFS = "btrfs"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Request models
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class ISOConfig(BaseModel):
+    """Configuration payload for generating a custom auto-install ISO."""
+
+    fqdn: str = Field(
+        ..., description="Fully qualified domain name for the new host",
+        examples=["pve-test.internal.718it.biz"],
+    )
+    keyboard: str = Field(default="en-us", description="Keyboard layout")
+    country: str = Field(default="us", description="Country code")
+    timezone: str = Field(
+        default="America/New_York", description="Timezone string"
+    )
+    mailto: str = Field(
+        default="wmantly@gmail.com", description="Admin email address"
+    )
+    root_password: str = Field(
+        ..., description="Root password for the installed system"
+    )
+    root_ssh_keys: list[str] = Field(
+        default_factory=list,
+        description="SSH public keys to authorize for root",
+    )
+    network_source: NetworkSource = Field(
+        default=NetworkSource.FROM_DHCP,
+        description="Network configuration source",
+    )
+    filesystem: Filesystem = Field(
+        default=Filesystem.EXT4, description="Root filesystem type"
+    )
+    disk_list: list[str] = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: ["sda"],
+        description="Disks to use for installation",
+    )
+    reboot_on_error: bool = Field(
+        default=False, description="Reboot automatically on install error"
+    )
+
+
+class DeployConfig(BaseModel):
+    """Configuration for deploying a VM with the custom ISO."""
+
+    vmid: int = Field(default=900, description="VM ID to create")
+    node: str = Field(default="dl380-0", description="Proxmox node name")
+    cores: int = Field(default=4, ge=1, le=128, description="CPU cores")
+    memory: int = Field(
+        default=8192, ge=512, description="Memory in MiB"
+    )
+    disk_size: str = Field(
+        default="64G", description="Root disk size (e.g. 64G)"
+    )
+    build_id: Optional[str] = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Build ID whose ISO to use. Defaults to latest.",
+    )
+    storage: str = Field(
+        default="local-lvm", description="Proxmox storage for the VM disk"
+    )
+    iso_storage: str = Field(
+        default="local", description="Proxmox storage containing ISOs"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Internal / response models
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class BuildStatus(BaseModel):
+    """Tracks the state of an ISO build job."""
+
+    id: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: uuid.uuid4().hex[:12])
+    state: BuildState = BuildState.PENDING
+    iso_config: Optional[ISOConfig] = None
+    iso_filename: Optional[str] = None
+    logs: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    created_at: datetime = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    )
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    )
+    error: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def log(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Append a timestamped log line."""
+        ts = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
+        self.logs.append(f"[{ts}] {message}")
+        self.updated_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+
+
+class VMStatus(BaseModel):
+    """Proxmox VM status snapshot."""
+
+    vmid: int
+    name: Optional[str] = None
+    status: str
+    node: str
+    cpus: Optional[int] = None
+    maxmem: Optional[int] = None
+    maxdisk: Optional[int] = None
+    uptime: Optional[int] = None
+    pid: Optional[int] = None
+
+
+class NodeInfo(BaseModel):
+    """Proxmox node summary."""
+
+    node: str
+    status: str
+    cpu: Optional[float] = None
+    maxcpu: Optional[int] = None
+    mem: Optional[int] = None
+    maxmem: Optional[int] = None
+    uptime: Optional[int] = None
+
+
+class ISOInfo(BaseModel):
+    """ISO file metadata."""
+
+    volid: str
+    filename: str
+    size: Optional[int] = None
+
+
+class SystemStatus(BaseModel):
+    """Aggregate system status returned by /api/status."""
+
+    nodes: list[NodeInfo] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    test_vm: Optional[VMStatus] = None
+    available_isos: list[ISOInfo] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    active_builds: list[BuildStatus] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    proxmox_connected: bool = False
+    error: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+class DeployResult(BaseModel):
+    """Response from a deploy operation."""
+
+    vmid: int
+    node: str
+    status: str
+    message: str
+    task_id: Optional[str] = None
diff --git a/app/proxmox_client.py b/app/proxmox_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c66eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/proxmox_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+"""
+Sovereign Orchestrator - Proxmox API Client
+
+Async HTTP client for the Proxmox VE REST API using token-based
+authentication.  All methods return parsed JSON dicts or raise on error.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+import httpx
+
+from app.config import settings
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ProxmoxError(Exception):
+    """Raised when a Proxmox API call fails."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, status_code: int | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.status_code = status_code
+
+
+class ProxmoxClient:
+    """Async Proxmox VE API client with token authentication."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        token_id: str | None = None,
+        token_secret: str | None = None,
+        verify_ssl: bool = False,
+        timeout: float = 30.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.host = (host or settings.proxmox_host).rstrip("/")
+        self.token_id = token_id or settings.proxmox_token_id
+        self.token_secret = token_secret or settings.proxmox_token_secret
+        self.verify_ssl = verify_ssl
+        self.timeout = timeout
+
+        if not self.token_id or not self.token_secret:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Proxmox token credentials are not configured. "
+                "API calls will fail."
+            )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Internal helpers
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _auth_header(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Build the PVEAPIToken authorization header."""
+        return {
+            "Authorization": f"PVEAPIToken={self.token_id}={self.token_secret}"
+        }
+
+    def _url(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Build the full API URL for *path* (should start with /)."""
+        return f"{self.host}/api2/json{path}"
+
+    async def _request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        json_body: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Execute an API request and return the ``data`` envelope."""
+        url = self._url(path)
+        headers = self._auth_header()
+
+        logger.debug("%s %s params=%s", method, url, params)
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            verify=self.verify_ssl, timeout=self.timeout
+        ) as client:
+            response = await client.request(
+                method,
+                url,
+                headers=headers,
+                params=params,
+                data=data,
+                json=json_body,
+            )
+
+        if response.status_code >= 400:
+            body = response.text[:500]
+            logger.error(
+                "Proxmox API error: %s %s -> %d: %s",
+                method, path, response.status_code, body,
+            )
+            raise ProxmoxError(
+                f"Proxmox API {method} {path} returned {response.status_code}: {body}",
+                status_code=response.status_code,
+            )
+
+        payload = response.json()
+        return payload.get("data", payload)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Node operations
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def get_nodes(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List all cluster nodes."""
+        return await self._request("GET", "/nodes")
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # VM operations
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def get_vms(self, node: str | None = None) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List VMs on *node*."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        return await self._request("GET", f"/nodes/{node}/qemu")
+
+    async def get_vm_status(
+        self, node: str | None = None, vmid: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get current status of a single VM."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        vmid = vmid if vmid is not None else settings.default_vmid
+        return await self._request(
+            "GET", f"/nodes/{node}/qemu/{vmid}/status/current"
+        )
+
+    async def start_vm(
+        self, node: str | None = None, vmid: int | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Start a VM.  Returns the Proxmox UPID task string."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        vmid = vmid if vmid is not None else settings.default_vmid
+        logger.info("Starting VM %d on %s", vmid, node)
+        return await self._request(
+            "POST", f"/nodes/{node}/qemu/{vmid}/status/start"
+        )
+
+    async def stop_vm(
+        self, node: str | None = None, vmid: int | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Stop (hard) a VM.  Returns the Proxmox UPID task string."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        vmid = vmid if vmid is not None else settings.default_vmid
+        logger.info("Stopping VM %d on %s", vmid, node)
+        return await self._request(
+            "POST", f"/nodes/{node}/qemu/{vmid}/status/stop"
+        )
+
+    async def destroy_vm(
+        self,
+        node: str | None = None,
+        vmid: int | None = None,
+        purge: bool = True,
+        destroy_unreferenced_disks: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Delete a VM and optionally purge its disks."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        vmid = vmid if vmid is not None else settings.default_vmid
+        logger.info("Destroying VM %d on %s (purge=%s)", vmid, node, purge)
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if purge:
+            params["purge"] = 1
+        if destroy_unreferenced_disks:
+            params["destroy-unreferenced-disks"] = 1
+        return await self._request(
+            "DELETE", f"/nodes/{node}/qemu/{vmid}", params=params
+        )
+
+    async def create_vm(
+        self,
+        node: str | None = None,
+        vmid: int | None = None,
+        config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Create a new VM with the given configuration dict."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        vmid = vmid if vmid is not None else settings.default_vmid
+        config = config or {}
+        config.setdefault("vmid", vmid)
+        logger.info("Creating VM %d on %s with config: %s", vmid, node, config)
+        return await self._request(
+            "POST", f"/nodes/{node}/qemu", data=config
+        )
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # ISO / storage operations
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def get_isos(
+        self,
+        node: str | None = None,
+        storage: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List ISO images available on *storage*."""
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        storage = storage or settings.default_storage
+        result = await self._request(
+            "GET",
+            f"/nodes/{node}/storage/{storage}/content",
+            params={"content": "iso"},
+        )
+        # The API returns all content types; filter to ISOs just in case
+        if isinstance(result, list):
+            return [
+                item for item in result
+                if item.get("content") == "iso"
+                or item.get("volid", "").endswith(".iso")
+            ]
+        return result
+
+    async def upload_iso(
+        self,
+        filepath: str,
+        node: str | None = None,
+        storage: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Upload a local ISO file to Proxmox storage.
+
+        Uses the Proxmox upload endpoint which expects multipart form data.
+        """
+        node = node or settings.default_node
+        storage = storage or settings.default_storage
+        url = self._url(f"/nodes/{node}/storage/{storage}/upload")
+        headers = self._auth_header()
+
+        logger.info("Uploading ISO %s to %s:%s", filepath, node, storage)
+
+        async with httpx.AsyncClient(
+            verify=self.verify_ssl, timeout=300.0
+        ) as client:
+            with open(filepath, "rb") as fh:
+                files = {"filename": (filepath.split("/")[-1], fh, "application/octet-stream")}
+                data = {"content": "iso"}
+                response = await client.post(
+                    url, headers=headers, data=data, files=files
+                )
+
+        if response.status_code >= 400:
+            body = response.text[:500]
+            raise ProxmoxError(
+                f"ISO upload failed ({response.status_code}): {body}",
+                status_code=response.status_code,
+            )
+
+        payload = response.json()
+        task_id = payload.get("data", "")
+        logger.info("Upload task started: %s", task_id)
+        return task_id
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Task helpers
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def wait_for_task(
+        self,
+        node: str,
+        upid: str,
+        *,
+        poll_interval: float = 2.0,
+        max_wait: float = 120.0,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Poll a Proxmox task until it completes or times out."""
+        import asyncio
+
+        elapsed = 0.0
+        while elapsed < max_wait:
+            status = await self._request(
+                "GET", f"/nodes/{node}/tasks/{upid}/status"
+            )
+            if status.get("status") == "stopped":
+                return status
+            await asyncio.sleep(poll_interval)
+            elapsed += poll_interval
+
+        raise ProxmoxError(
+            f"Task {upid} did not complete within {max_wait}s"
+        )
+
+
+# Module-level singleton for convenience
+proxmox = ProxmoxClient()
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e1efe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+fastapi>=0.115.0
+uvicorn[standard]>=0.34.0
+python-multipart>=0.0.18
+httpx>=0.28.0
+toml>=0.10.2
diff --git a/setup.sh b/setup.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a4819f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# setup.sh - Deploy the Sovereign Orchestrator service
+# This script installs all dependencies and configures the service
+# to run on a Debian-based LXC container on the production Proxmox host.
+#
+# Usage: bash setup.sh
+#
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+APP_DIR="/opt/sovereign-orchestrator"
+SERVICE_NAME="sovereign-orchestrator"
+SERVICE_USER="sovereign"
+PORT=8888
+
+echo "╔══════════════════════════════════════════════╗"
+echo "║  Sovereign Orchestrator - Setup Script       ║"
+echo "║  Theta42 Infrastructure Automation           ║"
+echo "╚══════════════════════════════════════════════╝"
+echo ""
+
+# --- 1. System Dependencies ---
+echo "[1/6] Installing system dependencies..."
+apt-get update -qq
+apt-get install -y -qq \
+    python3 \
+    python3-pip \
+    python3-venv \
+    xorriso \
+    curl \
+    jq \
+    wget \
+    2>/dev/null
+
+# --- 2. Install proxmox-auto-install-assistant ---
+echo "[2/6] Checking for proxmox-auto-install-assistant..."
+if ! command -v proxmox-auto-install-assistant &>/dev/null; then
+    echo "  -> Installing proxmox-auto-install-assistant from Proxmox repos..."
+    # Add Proxmox repository for the assistant tool
+    if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/proxmox.list ]; then
+        echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve trixie pve-no-subscription" \
+            > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/proxmox.list
+        wget -qO /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-release-trixie.gpg \
+            http://download.proxmox.com/debian/proxmox-release-trixie.gpg 2>/dev/null || true
+        apt-get update -qq
+    fi
+    apt-get install -y -qq proxmox-auto-install-assistant 2>/dev/null || {
+        echo "  [!] Could not install from repo. Checking if binary exists locally..."
+        if [ -f /usr/bin/proxmox-auto-install-assistant ]; then
+            echo "  -> Found at /usr/bin/proxmox-auto-install-assistant"
+        else
+            echo "  [WARNING] proxmox-auto-install-assistant not available."
+            echo "  ISO generation will fail until this is installed."
+        fi
+    }
+else
+    echo "  -> Already installed: $(which proxmox-auto-install-assistant)"
+fi
+
+# --- 3. Create service user ---
+echo "[3/6] Setting up service user..."
+if ! id "$SERVICE_USER" &>/dev/null; then
+    useradd --system --home-dir "$APP_DIR" --shell /usr/sbin/nologin "$SERVICE_USER"
+    echo "  -> Created user: $SERVICE_USER"
+else
+    echo "  -> User already exists: $SERVICE_USER"
+fi
+
+# --- 4. Install application ---
+echo "[4/6] Installing application to $APP_DIR..."
+mkdir -p "$APP_DIR"
+cp -r "$SCRIPT_DIR/app" "$APP_DIR/"
+cp -r "$SCRIPT_DIR/static" "$APP_DIR/"
+cp "$SCRIPT_DIR/requirements.txt" "$APP_DIR/"
+
+# Create Python virtual environment
+python3 -m venv "$APP_DIR/venv"
+"$APP_DIR/venv/bin/pip" install --quiet --upgrade pip
+"$APP_DIR/venv/bin/pip" install --quiet -r "$APP_DIR/requirements.txt"
+
+# Create data directories
+mkdir -p "$APP_DIR/data/isos"
+mkdir -p "$APP_DIR/data/builds"
+mkdir -p "$APP_DIR/data/logs"
+
+chown -R "$SERVICE_USER:$SERVICE_USER" "$APP_DIR"
+echo "  -> Application installed successfully"
+
+# --- 5. Configure Proxmox credentials ---
+echo "[5/6] Configuring Proxmox credentials..."
+CRED_FILE="$APP_DIR/.proxmox-credentials"
+if [ -f "$HOME/.proxmox-credentials" ]; then
+    cp "$HOME/.proxmox-credentials" "$CRED_FILE"
+    chown "$SERVICE_USER:$SERVICE_USER" "$CRED_FILE"
+    chmod 600 "$CRED_FILE"
+    echo "  -> Credentials copied from $HOME/.proxmox-credentials"
+elif [ -f /root/.proxmox-credentials ]; then
+    cp /root/.proxmox-credentials "$CRED_FILE"
+    chown "$SERVICE_USER:$SERVICE_USER" "$CRED_FILE"
+    chmod 600 "$CRED_FILE"
+    echo "  -> Credentials copied from /root/.proxmox-credentials"
+else
+    echo "  [WARNING] No Proxmox credentials found."
+    echo "  Create $CRED_FILE with:"
+    echo "    PROXMOX_HOST=https://your-pve-host:8006"
+    echo "    PROXMOX_TOKEN_ID=user@pam!tokenname"
+    echo "    PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET=your-token-secret"
+fi
+
+# --- 6. Create systemd service ---
+echo "[6/6] Creating systemd service..."
+cat > /etc/systemd/system/${SERVICE_NAME}.service << EOF
+[Unit]
+Description=Sovereign Orchestrator - Theta42 Infrastructure Automation
+After=network.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+User=${SERVICE_USER}
+Group=${SERVICE_USER}
+WorkingDirectory=${APP_DIR}
+EnvironmentFile=-${CRED_FILE}
+ExecStart=${APP_DIR}/venv/bin/uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port ${PORT}
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=5
+StandardOutput=append:${APP_DIR}/data/logs/service.log
+StandardError=append:${APP_DIR}/data/logs/service-error.log
+
+# Security hardening
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ReadWritePaths=${APP_DIR}/data
+ProtectHome=true
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+EOF
+
+systemctl daemon-reload
+systemctl enable ${SERVICE_NAME}
+echo "  -> Service created and enabled"
+
+echo ""
+echo "╔══════════════════════════════════════════════╗"
+echo "║  Setup Complete!                             ║"
+echo "╚══════════════════════════════════════════════╝"
+echo ""
+echo "  Start the service:  systemctl start ${SERVICE_NAME}"
+echo "  Check status:       systemctl status ${SERVICE_NAME}"
+echo "  View logs:          journalctl -u ${SERVICE_NAME} -f"
+echo "  Web UI:             http://$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}'):${PORT}"
+echo ""
diff --git a/static/app.js b/static/app.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5405a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/app.js
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+/* ============================================================
+   Sovereign Orchestrator — Frontend Application
+   Pure vanilla JS — no frameworks, no libraries
+   ============================================================ */
+
+const App = (() => {
+  'use strict';
+
+  // ── State ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  const state = {
+    currentSection: 'dashboard',
+    systemStatus: null,
+    builds: [],
+    isos: [],
+    vms: {},          // vmid -> status data
+    pollTimer: null,
+    activeBuildId: null,
+    buildPollTimer: null,
+  };
+
+  // ── DOM Refs ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+  const $ = (sel, ctx = document) => ctx.querySelector(sel);
+  const $$ = (sel, ctx = document) => [...ctx.querySelectorAll(sel)];
+
+  // ── API Helper ────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function api(method, path, body = null) {
+    const opts = {
+      method,
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    };
+    if (body) opts.body = JSON.stringify(body);
+    const res = await fetch(path, opts);
+    if (!res.ok) {
+      let detail = `HTTP ${res.status}`;
+      try {
+        const j = await res.json();
+        detail = j.detail || j.message || detail;
+      } catch (_) { /* ignore */ }
+      throw new Error(detail);
+    }
+    return res.json();
+  }
+
+  // ── Toast System ──────────────────────────────────────────
+  const TOAST_ICONS = {
+    success: '✅', error: '❌', info: 'ℹ️', warning: '⚠️',
+  };
+
+  function toast(type, message, duration = 4500) {
+    const container = $('#toast-container');
+    const el = document.createElement('div');
+    el.className = `toast ${type}`;
+    el.innerHTML = `
+      <span class="toast-icon">${TOAST_ICONS[type] || ''}</span>
+      <span class="toast-message">${escHtml(message)}</span>
+    `;
+    container.appendChild(el);
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      el.classList.add('leaving');
+      el.addEventListener('animationend', () => el.remove());
+    }, duration);
+  }
+
+  function escHtml(s) {
+    const d = document.createElement('div');
+    d.textContent = s;
+    return d.innerHTML;
+  }
+
+  // ── Navigation ────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function initNav() {
+    $$('.nav-link').forEach(link => {
+      link.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        navigateTo(link.dataset.section);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Quick action cards
+    $$('.action-card[data-goto]').forEach(card => {
+      card.addEventListener('click', () => navigateTo(card.dataset.goto));
+    });
+
+    // Mobile toggle
+    const toggle = $('#mobile-toggle');
+    const sidebar = $('#sidebar');
+    toggle.addEventListener('click', () => sidebar.classList.toggle('open'));
+
+    // Close sidebar on mobile when nav clicked
+    $$('.nav-link').forEach(link => {
+      link.addEventListener('click', () => sidebar.classList.remove('open'));
+    });
+
+    // Handle hash on load
+    const hash = location.hash.replace('#', '');
+    if (hash && $(`[data-section="${hash}"]`)) {
+      navigateTo(hash);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function navigateTo(section) {
+    state.currentSection = section;
+
+    // Update nav
+    $$('.nav-link').forEach(l => l.classList.remove('active'));
+    const activeLink = $(`.nav-link[data-section="${section}"]`);
+    if (activeLink) activeLink.classList.add('active');
+
+    // Update sections
+    $$('.section').forEach(s => s.classList.remove('active'));
+    const activeSection = $(`#section-${section}`);
+    if (activeSection) {
+      activeSection.classList.remove('active');
+      // Force reflow for animation
+      void activeSection.offsetWidth;
+      activeSection.classList.add('active');
+    }
+
+    location.hash = section;
+
+    // Section-specific loads
+    if (section === 'deployments') {
+      loadBuilds();
+      loadISOs();
+    } else if (section === 'dashboard') {
+      refreshAll();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── System Status ─────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function fetchStatus() {
+    try {
+      const data = await api('GET', '/api/status');
+      state.systemStatus = data;
+      updateStatusUI(data);
+    } catch (err) {
+      updateStatusUI(null, err.message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function updateStatusUI(data, error) {
+    const badge = $('#system-status-badge');
+    const dashStatus = $('#dash-system-status');
+    const indicator = $('#dash-status-indicator');
+
+    if (error) {
+      badge.className = 'status-badge error';
+      badge.querySelector('.status-text').textContent = 'Offline';
+      dashStatus.textContent = 'Offline';
+      if (indicator) indicator.innerHTML = '<span class="pulse-dot" style="background:var(--red)"></span>';
+      return;
+    }
+
+    badge.className = 'status-badge';
+    badge.querySelector('.status-text').textContent = 'System Online';
+    dashStatus.textContent = data.status || 'Online';
+
+    // Update dashboard counts if available
+    if (data.iso_count !== undefined) $('#dash-iso-count').textContent = data.iso_count;
+    if (data.build_count !== undefined) $('#dash-build-count').textContent = data.build_count;
+    if (data.vm_count !== undefined) $('#dash-vm-count').textContent = data.vm_count;
+  }
+
+  // ── Builds ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function loadBuilds() {
+    try {
+      const data = await api('GET', '/api/builds');
+      state.builds = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data.builds || []);
+      renderBuilds();
+      renderTimeline();
+      $('#dash-build-count').textContent = state.builds.length;
+    } catch (err) {
+      // Silently handle — builds endpoint may not exist yet
+      console.warn('Failed to load builds:', err.message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderBuilds() {
+    const container = $('#builds-list');
+    if (!state.builds.length) {
+      container.innerHTML = `
+        <div class="empty-state">
+          <span class="empty-icon">📦</span>
+          <p>No builds found.</p>
+        </div>`;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    container.innerHTML = state.builds.map(b => {
+      const statusClass = b.status === 'success' || b.status === 'completed' ? 'success'
+                        : b.status === 'error' || b.status === 'failed' ? 'error'
+                        : 'pending';
+      return `
+        <div class="build-item" data-build-id="${escHtml(b.id || b.build_id || '')}">
+          <span class="build-status-dot ${statusClass}"></span>
+          <div class="build-info">
+            <div class="build-name">${escHtml(b.fqdn || b.name || b.id || 'Build')}</div>
+            <div class="build-detail">${escHtml(b.id || b.build_id || '')}</div>
+          </div>
+          <span class="build-badge ${statusClass}">${escHtml(b.status || 'unknown')}</span>
+        </div>`;
+    }).join('');
+
+    // Click to view details
+    $$('.build-item', container).forEach(item => {
+      item.addEventListener('click', () => viewBuild(item.dataset.buildId));
+    });
+  }
+
+  function renderTimeline() {
+    const container = $('#recent-builds-timeline');
+    const recent = state.builds.slice(0, 8);
+
+    if (!recent.length) {
+      container.innerHTML = `
+        <div class="empty-state">
+          <span class="empty-icon">📦</span>
+          <p>No builds yet. Generate your first ISO to get started.</p>
+        </div>`;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    container.innerHTML = recent.map(b => {
+      const statusClass = b.status === 'success' || b.status === 'completed' ? 'success'
+                        : b.status === 'error' || b.status === 'failed' ? 'error'
+                        : 'pending';
+      const timeStr = b.created_at || b.timestamp || '';
+      return `
+        <div class="timeline-item">
+          <div class="timeline-dot ${statusClass}"></div>
+          <div class="timeline-content">
+            <div class="timeline-title">${escHtml(b.fqdn || b.name || 'Build')}</div>
+            <div class="timeline-meta">
+              <span class="timeline-id">${escHtml(b.id || b.build_id || '')}</span>
+              ${timeStr ? ` · ${escHtml(formatTime(timeStr))}` : ''}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>`;
+    }).join('');
+  }
+
+  async function viewBuild(buildId) {
+    if (!buildId) return;
+    try {
+      const data = await api('GET', `/api/builds/${buildId}`);
+      const logCard = $('#build-log-card');
+      const logOutput = $('#build-log-output');
+      logCard.hidden = false;
+      logOutput.textContent = data.log || data.output || JSON.stringify(data, null, 2);
+      logOutput.scrollTop = logOutput.scrollHeight;
+      navigateTo('iso-builder');
+    } catch (err) {
+      toast('error', `Failed to load build: ${err.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── ISOs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function loadISOs() {
+    try {
+      const data = await api('GET', '/api/isos');
+      state.isos = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data.isos || []);
+      renderISOSelect();
+      $('#dash-iso-count').textContent = state.isos.length;
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.warn('Failed to load ISOs:', err.message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderISOSelect() {
+    const select = $('#deploy-iso');
+    // Keep the first placeholder option
+    const placeholder = select.querySelector('option');
+    select.innerHTML = '';
+    select.appendChild(placeholder);
+
+    state.isos.forEach(iso => {
+      const opt = document.createElement('option');
+      const name = typeof iso === 'string' ? iso : (iso.name || iso.filename || iso.id || '');
+      opt.value = name;
+      opt.textContent = name;
+      select.appendChild(opt);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // ── ISO Builder Form ─────────────────────────────────────
+  function initISOForm() {
+    const form = $('#iso-form');
+    form.addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      const btn = $('#iso-submit-btn');
+      setButtonLoading(btn, true);
+
+      const formData = new FormData(form);
+      const payload = {};
+      for (const [key, value] of formData.entries()) {
+        if (key === 'ssh_keys') {
+          payload[key] = value.split('\n').map(k => k.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+        } else if (key === 'disk_list') {
+          payload[key] = value.split(',').map(d => d.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+        } else {
+          payload[key] = value;
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const data = await api('POST', '/api/generate-iso', payload);
+        toast('success', 'ISO generation started!');
+
+        // Show build log
+        const logCard = $('#build-log-card');
+        const logOutput = $('#build-log-output');
+        logCard.hidden = false;
+        logOutput.textContent = '▶ Build initiated…\n';
+
+        // If we got a build ID, start polling
+        const buildId = data.build_id || data.id;
+        if (buildId) {
+          state.activeBuildId = buildId;
+          pollBuildLog(buildId);
+        } else {
+          logOutput.textContent += JSON.stringify(data, null, 2);
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        toast('error', `ISO generation failed: ${err.message}`);
+      } finally {
+        setButtonLoading(btn, false);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  async function pollBuildLog(buildId) {
+    // Clear previous timer
+    if (state.buildPollTimer) clearInterval(state.buildPollTimer);
+
+    const logOutput = $('#build-log-output');
+
+    const poll = async () => {
+      try {
+        const data = await api('GET', `/api/builds/${buildId}`);
+        const log = data.log || data.output || '';
+        if (log) {
+          logOutput.textContent = log;
+          logOutput.scrollTop = logOutput.scrollHeight;
+        }
+
+        const status = data.status || '';
+        if (status === 'success' || status === 'completed') {
+          toast('success', 'ISO build completed successfully!');
+          clearInterval(state.buildPollTimer);
+          state.buildPollTimer = null;
+          loadBuilds();
+        } else if (status === 'error' || status === 'failed') {
+          toast('error', 'ISO build failed.');
+          clearInterval(state.buildPollTimer);
+          state.buildPollTimer = null;
+          loadBuilds();
+        }
+      } catch (_) { /* ignore poll errors */ }
+    };
+
+    await poll();
+    state.buildPollTimer = setInterval(poll, 3000);
+  }
+
+  // ── Deploy Form ───────────────────────────────────────────
+  function initDeployForm() {
+    const form = $('#deploy-form');
+    form.addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      const btn = $('#deploy-submit-btn');
+      setButtonLoading(btn, true);
+
+      const formData = new FormData(form);
+      const payload = {};
+      for (const [key, value] of formData.entries()) {
+        if (['vmid', 'cores', 'memory', 'disk_size'].includes(key)) {
+          payload[key] = parseInt(value, 10);
+        } else {
+          payload[key] = value;
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const data = await api('POST', '/api/deploy', payload);
+        toast('success', `VM ${payload.vmid} deployment started!`);
+        // Add the VM to watched list
+        if (payload.vmid) {
+          addVMCard(payload.vmid);
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        toast('error', `Deployment failed: ${err.message}`);
+      } finally {
+        setButtonLoading(btn, false);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  // ── VM Control ────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function initVMControl() {
+    const lookupBtn = $('#vm-lookup-btn');
+    const lookupInput = $('#vm-lookup-id');
+
+    lookupBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+      const vmid = parseInt(lookupInput.value, 10);
+      if (vmid && vmid >= 100) {
+        addVMCard(vmid);
+        lookupInput.value = '';
+      } else {
+        toast('warning', 'Enter a valid VM ID (≥ 100)');
+      }
+    });
+
+    lookupInput.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+      if (e.key === 'Enter') {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        lookupBtn.click();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  async function addVMCard(vmid) {
+    const grid = $('#vm-cards-grid');
+    // Remove empty state
+    const empty = grid.querySelector('.empty-state');
+    if (empty) empty.remove();
+
+    // Don't duplicate
+    if ($(`#vm-card-${vmid}`, grid)) {
+      fetchVMStatus(vmid);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const card = document.createElement('div');
+    card.className = 'glass-card vm-card';
+    card.id = `vm-card-${vmid}`;
+    card.innerHTML = `
+      <div class="vm-card-header">
+        <div class="vm-card-title">🖥️ VM <span>${vmid}</span></div>
+        <div class="vm-status-tag unknown">
+          <span class="tag-dot"></span>
+          <span class="tag-label">Loading…</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="vm-card-body">
+        <div class="vm-info-grid">
+          <div class="vm-info-item">
+            <div class="vm-info-label">Status</div>
+            <div class="vm-info-value" data-field="status">—</div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="vm-info-item">
+            <div class="vm-info-label">Node</div>
+            <div class="vm-info-value" data-field="node">—</div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="vm-info-item">
+            <div class="vm-info-label">CPU</div>
+            <div class="vm-info-value" data-field="cpu">—</div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="vm-info-item">
+            <div class="vm-info-label">Memory</div>
+            <div class="vm-info-value" data-field="mem">—</div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="vm-card-actions">
+          <button class="btn btn-success btn-sm" onclick="App.vmAction(${vmid}, 'start')">
+            <span class="btn-icon">⚡</span> Start
+          </button>
+          <button class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="App.vmAction(${vmid}, 'stop')">
+            <span class="btn-icon">⏹️</span> Stop
+          </button>
+          <button class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm" onclick="App.fetchVMStatus(${vmid})">
+            <span class="btn-icon">🔄</span> Refresh
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    `;
+
+    grid.appendChild(card);
+    card.style.animation = 'fadeSlideIn 0.4s ease both';
+
+    await fetchVMStatus(vmid);
+  }
+
+  async function fetchVMStatus(vmid) {
+    const card = $(`#vm-card-${vmid}`);
+    if (!card) return;
+
+    try {
+      const data = await api('GET', `/api/vm/${vmid}/status`);
+      state.vms[vmid] = data;
+      updateVMCard(vmid, data);
+    } catch (err) {
+      updateVMCard(vmid, { status: 'unknown', error: err.message });
+    }
+  }
+
+  function updateVMCard(vmid, data) {
+    const card = $(`#vm-card-${vmid}`);
+    if (!card) return;
+
+    const status = (data.status || 'unknown').toLowerCase();
+    const isRunning = status === 'running';
+    const isStopped = status === 'stopped';
+
+    // Status tag
+    const tag = card.querySelector('.vm-status-tag');
+    tag.className = `vm-status-tag ${isRunning ? 'running' : isStopped ? 'stopped' : 'unknown'}`;
+    tag.querySelector('.tag-label').textContent = capitalize(status);
+
+    // Info fields
+    const setField = (name, val) => {
+      const el = card.querySelector(`[data-field="${name}"]`);
+      if (el) el.textContent = val;
+    };
+
+    setField('status', capitalize(status));
+    setField('node', data.node || '—');
+    setField('cpu', data.cpus || data.cores || '—');
+    setField('mem', data.maxmem ? formatBytes(data.maxmem) : (data.memory ? `${data.memory} MB` : '—'));
+  }
+
+  async function vmAction(vmid, action) {
+    const actionPath = action === 'start' ? 'start' : 'stop';
+    try {
+      toast('info', `${capitalize(action)}ing VM ${vmid}…`);
+      await api('POST', `/api/vm/${vmid}/${actionPath}`);
+      toast('success', `VM ${vmid} ${action} command sent!`);
+      // Refresh after a short delay
+      setTimeout(() => fetchVMStatus(vmid), 2000);
+    } catch (err) {
+      toast('error', `Failed to ${action} VM ${vmid}: ${err.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Polling ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function startPolling() {
+    // Initial fetch
+    fetchStatus();
+    loadBuilds();
+    loadISOs();
+
+    // Poll every 5 seconds
+    state.pollTimer = setInterval(() => {
+      fetchStatus();
+
+      // Refresh VM statuses
+      for (const vmid of Object.keys(state.vms)) {
+        fetchVMStatus(vmid);
+      }
+    }, 5000);
+  }
+
+  // ── Utility ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function setButtonLoading(btn, loading) {
+    const text = btn.querySelector('.btn-text');
+    const spinner = btn.querySelector('.btn-spinner');
+    if (loading) {
+      btn.disabled = true;
+      if (text) text.style.opacity = '0.6';
+      if (spinner) spinner.hidden = false;
+    } else {
+      btn.disabled = false;
+      if (text) text.style.opacity = '1';
+      if (spinner) spinner.hidden = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function capitalize(str) {
+    if (!str) return '';
+    return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  function formatBytes(bytes) {
+    if (!bytes || bytes === 0) return '0 B';
+    const k = 1024;
+    const sizes = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB'];
+    const i = Math.floor(Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(k));
+    return parseFloat((bytes / Math.pow(k, i)).toFixed(1)) + ' ' + sizes[i];
+  }
+
+  function formatTime(ts) {
+    try {
+      const d = new Date(ts);
+      if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return ts;
+      const now = new Date();
+      const diff = now - d;
+      if (diff < 60000) return 'Just now';
+      if (diff < 3600000) return `${Math.floor(diff / 60000)}m ago`;
+      if (diff < 86400000) return `${Math.floor(diff / 3600000)}h ago`;
+      return d.toLocaleDateString('en-US', { month: 'short', day: 'numeric', hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' });
+    } catch (_) {
+      return ts;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Refresh All ───────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function refreshAll() {
+    await Promise.all([
+      fetchStatus(),
+      loadBuilds(),
+      loadISOs(),
+    ]);
+    toast('info', 'Data refreshed');
+  }
+
+  // ── Init ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  function init() {
+    initNav();
+    initISOForm();
+    initDeployForm();
+    initVMControl();
+    startPolling();
+  }
+
+  // Boot
+  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);
+  } else {
+    init();
+  }
+
+  // ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────
+  return {
+    refreshAll,
+    fetchVMStatus,
+    vmAction,
+  };
+})();
diff --git a/static/index.html b/static/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e70d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  <meta name="description" content="Sovereign Orchestrator — Automated VM provisioning and ISO generation platform by Theta42.">
+  <meta name="keywords" content="sovereign, orchestrator, VM, ISO, provisioning, automation, Theta42, Proxmox">
+  <meta name="author" content="Theta42">
+  <meta name="theme-color" content="#0a0e1a">
+  <meta property="og:title" content="Sovereign Orchestrator">
+  <meta property="og:description" content="Automated VM provisioning and ISO generation platform.">
+  <meta property="og:type" content="website">
+  <title>Sovereign ✦ Orchestrator</title>
+  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
+  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
+  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css">
+</head>
+<body>
+  <!-- Toast Container -->
+  <div id="toast-container" class="toast-container"></div>
+
+  <!-- Sidebar Navigation -->
+  <nav class="sidebar" id="sidebar">
+    <div class="sidebar-header">
+      <div class="logo">
+        <span class="logo-icon">✦</span>
+        <div class="logo-text">
+          <span class="logo-title">Sovereign</span>
+          <span class="logo-subtitle">Orchestrator</span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <ul class="nav-list">
+      <li>
+        <a href="#dashboard" class="nav-link active" data-section="dashboard">
+          <span class="nav-icon">📊</span>
+          <span class="nav-label">Dashboard</span>
+        </a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#iso-builder" class="nav-link" data-section="iso-builder">
+          <span class="nav-icon">💿</span>
+          <span class="nav-label">ISO Builder</span>
+        </a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#deployments" class="nav-link" data-section="deployments">
+          <span class="nav-icon">🚀</span>
+          <span class="nav-label">Deployments</span>
+        </a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="#vm-control" class="nav-link" data-section="vm-control">
+          <span class="nav-icon">🖥️</span>
+          <span class="nav-label">VM Control</span>
+        </a>
+      </li>
+    </ul>
+    <div class="sidebar-footer">
+      <div class="status-badge" id="system-status-badge">
+        <span class="pulse-dot"></span>
+        <span class="status-text">Connecting…</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </nav>
+
+  <!-- Mobile Hamburger -->
+  <button class="mobile-toggle" id="mobile-toggle" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+    <span></span><span></span><span></span>
+  </button>
+
+  <!-- Main Content -->
+  <main class="main-content" id="main-content">
+
+    <!-- ==================== DASHBOARD ==================== -->
+    <section class="section active" id="section-dashboard">
+      <div class="section-header">
+        <h1 class="section-title">Dashboard</h1>
+        <p class="section-subtitle">System overview and quick actions</p>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- Status Cards Row -->
+      <div class="status-cards-grid">
+        <div class="glass-card status-card">
+          <div class="status-card-icon blue">📊</div>
+          <div class="status-card-body">
+            <span class="status-card-label">System Status</span>
+            <span class="status-card-value" id="dash-system-status">—</span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="status-card-indicator" id="dash-status-indicator">
+            <span class="pulse-dot"></span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="glass-card status-card">
+          <div class="status-card-icon cyan">💿</div>
+          <div class="status-card-body">
+            <span class="status-card-label">ISOs Available</span>
+            <span class="status-card-value" id="dash-iso-count">—</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="glass-card status-card">
+          <div class="status-card-icon emerald">🚀</div>
+          <div class="status-card-body">
+            <span class="status-card-label">Total Builds</span>
+            <span class="status-card-value" id="dash-build-count">—</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="glass-card status-card">
+          <div class="status-card-icon amber">⚡</div>
+          <div class="status-card-body">
+            <span class="status-card-label">Active VMs</span>
+            <span class="status-card-value" id="dash-vm-count">—</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- Quick Actions -->
+      <h2 class="sub-heading">Quick Actions</h2>
+      <div class="quick-actions-grid">
+        <button class="glass-card action-card" data-goto="iso-builder">
+          <span class="action-icon">💿</span>
+          <span class="action-title">Build ISO</span>
+          <span class="action-desc">Generate a custom auto-installer</span>
+        </button>
+        <button class="glass-card action-card" data-goto="deployments">
+          <span class="action-icon">🚀</span>
+          <span class="action-title">Deploy VM</span>
+          <span class="action-desc">Launch a new virtual machine</span>
+        </button>
+        <button class="glass-card action-card" data-goto="vm-control">
+          <span class="action-icon">🖥️</span>
+          <span class="action-title">Manage VMs</span>
+          <span class="action-desc">Start, stop, or inspect VMs</span>
+        </button>
+        <button class="glass-card action-card" onclick="App.refreshAll()">
+          <span class="action-icon">🔄</span>
+          <span class="action-title">Refresh All</span>
+          <span class="action-desc">Reload status and build data</span>
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- Recent Builds Timeline -->
+      <h2 class="sub-heading">Recent Builds</h2>
+      <div class="glass-card timeline-card">
+        <div id="recent-builds-timeline" class="timeline">
+          <div class="empty-state">
+            <span class="empty-icon">📦</span>
+            <p>No builds yet. Generate your first ISO to get started.</p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </section>
+
+    <!-- ==================== ISO BUILDER ==================== -->
+    <section class="section" id="section-iso-builder">
+      <div class="section-header">
+        <h1 class="section-title">💿 ISO Builder</h1>
+        <p class="section-subtitle">Generate a custom auto-installer ISO image</p>
+      </div>
+
+      <form id="iso-form" class="iso-form" autocomplete="off">
+        <div class="glass-card form-card">
+          <h3 class="form-group-title">🌐 System Configuration</h3>
+          <div class="form-grid">
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-fqdn">Fully Qualified Domain Name</label>
+              <input type="text" id="iso-fqdn" name="fqdn" placeholder="host.example.com" required>
+              <span class="field-hint">The FQDN for the target system</span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-keyboard">Keyboard Layout</label>
+              <input type="text" id="iso-keyboard" name="keyboard_layout" placeholder="us" value="us">
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-country">Country</label>
+              <input type="text" id="iso-country" name="country" placeholder="US" value="US">
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-timezone">Timezone</label>
+              <input type="text" id="iso-timezone" name="timezone" placeholder="America/New_York" value="America/New_York">
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="glass-card form-card">
+          <h3 class="form-group-title">🔐 Security</h3>
+          <div class="form-grid">
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-email">Admin Email</label>
+              <input type="email" id="iso-email" name="email" placeholder="admin@example.com" required>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-root-password">Root Password</label>
+              <input type="password" id="iso-root-password" name="root_password" placeholder="••••••••" required>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field full-width">
+              <label for="iso-ssh-keys">SSH Authorized Keys</label>
+              <textarea id="iso-ssh-keys" name="ssh_keys" rows="3" placeholder="ssh-ed25519 AAAA... user@host"></textarea>
+              <span class="field-hint">One key per line</span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="glass-card form-card">
+          <h3 class="form-group-title">💾 Storage &amp; Network</h3>
+          <div class="form-grid">
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-network">Network Source</label>
+              <select id="iso-network" name="network_source">
+                <option value="dhcp">DHCP (Automatic)</option>
+                <option value="static">Static IP</option>
+              </select>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field">
+              <label for="iso-filesystem">Filesystem</label>
+              <select id="iso-filesystem" name="filesystem">
+                <option value="ext4">ext4</option>
+                <option value="zfs">ZFS</option>
+                <option value="xfs">XFS</option>
+                <option value="btrfs">Btrfs</option>
+              </select>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-field full-width">
+              <label for="iso-disks">Disk List</label>
+              <input type="text" id="iso-disks" name="disk_list" placeholder="/dev/sda, /dev/sdb">
+              <span class="field-hint">Comma-separated disk device paths</span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="form-actions">
+          <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" id="iso-submit-btn">
+            <span class="btn-icon">💿</span>
+            <span class="btn-text">Generate ISO</span>
+            <span class="btn-spinner" hidden></span>
+          </button>
+          <button type="reset" class="btn btn-ghost">Clear Form</button>
+        </div>
+      </form>
+
+      <!-- Build Log Viewer -->
+      <div class="glass-card terminal-card" id="build-log-card" hidden>
+        <div class="terminal-header">
+          <div class="terminal-dots">
+            <span class="dot red"></span><span class="dot yellow"></span><span class="dot green"></span>
+          </div>
+          <span class="terminal-title">Build Log</span>
+          <button class="terminal-close" onclick="document.getElementById('build-log-card').hidden=true">✕</button>
+        </div>
+        <pre class="terminal-body" id="build-log-output"></pre>
+      </div>
+    </section>
+
+    <!-- ==================== DEPLOYMENTS ==================== -->
+    <section class="section" id="section-deployments">
+      <div class="section-header">
+        <h1 class="section-title">🚀 Deployments</h1>
+        <p class="section-subtitle">Deploy virtual machines with generated ISOs</p>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="deploy-layout">
+        <!-- Deploy Form -->
+        <div class="glass-card form-card">
+          <h3 class="form-group-title">⚙️ VM Configuration</h3>
+          <form id="deploy-form" autocomplete="off">
+            <div class="form-grid">
+              <div class="form-field">
+                <label for="deploy-vmid">VM ID</label>
+                <input type="number" id="deploy-vmid" name="vmid" placeholder="100" required min="100">
+              </div>
+              <div class="form-field">
+                <label for="deploy-node">Proxmox Node</label>
+                <input type="text" id="deploy-node" name="node" placeholder="pve" required>
+              </div>
+              <div class="form-field">
+                <label for="deploy-cores">CPU Cores</label>
+                <input type="number" id="deploy-cores" name="cores" placeholder="2" value="2" min="1" max="128">
+              </div>
+              <div class="form-field">
+                <label for="deploy-memory">Memory (MB)</label>
+                <input type="number" id="deploy-memory" name="memory" placeholder="2048" value="2048" min="256" step="256">
+              </div>
+              <div class="form-field">
+                <label for="deploy-disk">Disk Size (GB)</label>
+                <input type="number" id="deploy-disk" name="disk_size" placeholder="32" value="32" min="8">
+              </div>
+              <div class="form-field">
+                <label for="deploy-iso">ISO Image</label>
+                <select id="deploy-iso" name="iso">
+                  <option value="">Select an ISO…</option>
+                </select>
+                <span class="field-hint">Choose a previously built ISO</span>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="form-actions">
+              <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" id="deploy-submit-btn">
+                <span class="btn-icon">🚀</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">Deploy VM</span>
+                <span class="btn-spinner" hidden></span>
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </form>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- Builds List -->
+        <div class="glass-card">
+          <h3 class="form-group-title">📋 Build History</h3>
+          <div id="builds-list" class="builds-list">
+            <div class="empty-state">
+              <span class="empty-icon">📦</span>
+              <p>No builds found.</p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </section>
+
+    <!-- ==================== VM CONTROL ==================== -->
+    <section class="section" id="section-vm-control">
+      <div class="section-header">
+        <h1 class="section-title">🖥️ VM Control</h1>
+        <p class="section-subtitle">Manage and monitor your virtual machines</p>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- VM Lookup -->
+      <div class="glass-card form-card vm-lookup-card">
+        <h3 class="form-group-title">🔍 VM Lookup</h3>
+        <div class="vm-lookup-row">
+          <div class="form-field">
+            <input type="number" id="vm-lookup-id" placeholder="Enter VM ID…" min="100">
+          </div>
+          <button class="btn btn-primary" id="vm-lookup-btn">
+            <span class="btn-icon">🔍</span>
+            <span class="btn-text">Lookup</span>
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- VM Cards Grid -->
+      <div id="vm-cards-grid" class="vm-cards-grid">
+        <div class="empty-state">
+          <span class="empty-icon">🖥️</span>
+          <p>Enter a VM ID above to view its status and controls.</p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </section>
+  </main>
+
+  <script src="/static/app.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/static/style.css b/static/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3c0814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@
+/* ============================================================
+   Sovereign Orchestrator — Design System
+   Premium dark-mode UI with glassmorphism
+   ============================================================ */
+
+/* ---------- Custom Properties ---------- */
+:root {
+  /* Core palette */
+  --bg-deep:       #0a0e1a;
+  --bg-surface:    #0f1424;
+  --bg-elevated:   #151b2e;
+  --bg-card:       rgba(15, 20, 36, 0.65);
+
+  /* Brand */
+  --blue:          #3b82f6;
+  --blue-glow:     rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.35);
+  --cyan:          #06b6d4;
+  --cyan-glow:     rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.3);
+  --emerald:       #10b981;
+  --emerald-glow:  rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3);
+  --amber:         #f59e0b;
+  --amber-glow:    rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3);
+  --red:           #ef4444;
+  --red-glow:      rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.3);
+
+  /* Text */
+  --text-primary:  #f1f5f9;
+  --text-secondary:#94a3b8;
+  --text-muted:    #475569;
+
+  /* Borders */
+  --border-subtle: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.08);
+  --border-hover:  rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
+
+  /* Glass */
+  --glass-bg:      rgba(15, 20, 40, 0.55);
+  --glass-border:  rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.1);
+  --glass-blur:    16px;
+
+  /* Radius */
+  --radius-sm:     8px;
+  --radius-md:     12px;
+  --radius-lg:     16px;
+  --radius-xl:     20px;
+
+  /* Transitions */
+  --transition:    0.3s ease;
+  --transition-fast: 0.15s ease;
+
+  /* Sidebar */
+  --sidebar-width: 260px;
+
+  /* Font */
+  --font-body:     'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
+  --font-mono:     'JetBrains Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Reset ---------- */
+*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
+
+html {
+  font-size: 15px;
+  scroll-behavior: smooth;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+}
+
+body {
+  font-family: var(--font-body);
+  background: var(--bg-deep);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  line-height: 1.6;
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+}
+
+/* Background grid pattern */
+body::before {
+  content: '';
+  position: fixed;
+  inset: 0;
+  z-index: -1;
+  background-image:
+    linear-gradient(rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
+    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
+  background-size: 48px 48px;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+/* Ambient glow */
+body::after {
+  content: '';
+  position: fixed;
+  top: -40%; left: -20%;
+  width: 80vw; height: 80vw;
+  background: radial-gradient(ellipse, rgba(59,130,246,0.06) 0%, transparent 70%);
+  z-index: -1;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Scrollbar ---------- */
+::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; height: 6px; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: var(--text-muted); border-radius: 4px; }
+::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: var(--text-secondary); }
+
+/* ---------- Selection ---------- */
+::selection { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; }
+
+/* ============================================================
+   SIDEBAR
+   ============================================================ */
+.sidebar {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 0; left: 0;
+  width: var(--sidebar-width);
+  height: 100vh;
+  background: rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.92);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
+  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
+  border-right: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  z-index: 100;
+  transition: transform var(--transition);
+}
+
+.sidebar-header {
+  padding: 28px 24px 20px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+}
+
+.logo {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 14px;
+}
+
+.logo-icon {
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue), var(--cyan));
+  -webkit-background-clip: text;
+  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
+  background-clip: text;
+  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 12px var(--blue-glow));
+  animation: logo-shimmer 4s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+@keyframes logo-shimmer {
+  0%, 100% { filter: drop-shadow(0 0 12px var(--blue-glow)); }
+  50%      { filter: drop-shadow(0 0 22px var(--cyan-glow)); }
+}
+
+.logo-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1px; }
+.logo-title {
+  font-size: 1.15rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--text-primary), var(--cyan));
+  -webkit-background-clip: text;
+  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
+  background-clip: text;
+}
+.logo-subtitle {
+  font-size: 0.72rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  letter-spacing: 2.5px;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+/* Nav */
+.nav-list {
+  list-style: none;
+  padding: 16px 12px;
+  flex: 1;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
+.nav-link {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 14px;
+  padding: 12px 16px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  font-size: 0.93rem;
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+  position: relative;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.nav-link::before {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue-glow), transparent);
+  opacity: 0;
+  transition: opacity var(--transition);
+}
+
+.nav-link:hover {
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.08);
+}
+
+.nav-link.active {
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
+}
+.nav-link.active::before { opacity: 1; }
+.nav-link.active::after {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 0; top: 25%; bottom: 25%;
+  width: 3px;
+  border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0;
+  background: var(--blue);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 12px var(--blue-glow);
+}
+
+.nav-icon { font-size: 1.2rem; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
+.nav-label { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
+
+/* Sidebar Footer */
+.sidebar-footer {
+  padding: 16px 20px;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+}
+
+.status-badge {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.06);
+  border: 1px solid rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.15);
+  font-size: 0.82rem;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+}
+.status-badge.error {
+  background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.06);
+  border-color: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.15);
+}
+
+/* Pulse Dot */
+.pulse-dot {
+  width: 8px; height: 8px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--emerald);
+  position: relative;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+.pulse-dot::after {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: -3px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--emerald);
+  opacity: 0.5;
+  animation: pulse-ring 2s ease-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes pulse-ring {
+  0%   { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.5; }
+  100% { transform: scale(2.2); opacity: 0; }
+}
+
+.status-badge.error .pulse-dot,
+.status-badge.error .pulse-dot::after { background: var(--red); }
+
+/* Mobile Toggle */
+.mobile-toggle {
+  display: none;
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 18px; left: 18px;
+  z-index: 200;
+  width: 44px; height: 44px;
+  background: var(--glass-bg);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+}
+.mobile-toggle span {
+  display: block;
+  width: 20px; height: 2px;
+  background: var(--text-primary);
+  border-radius: 2px;
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   MAIN CONTENT
+   ============================================================ */
+.main-content {
+  margin-left: var(--sidebar-width);
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  padding: 40px 48px 60px;
+  transition: margin-left var(--transition);
+}
+
+/* Sections */
+.section {
+  display: none;
+  animation: fadeSlideIn 0.4s ease both;
+}
+.section.active { display: block; }
+
+@keyframes fadeSlideIn {
+  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(16px); }
+  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+}
+
+.section-header { margin-bottom: 36px; }
+.section-title {
+  font-size: 2rem;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  letter-spacing: -0.5px;
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--text-primary) 30%, var(--blue));
+  -webkit-background-clip: text;
+  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
+  background-clip: text;
+}
+.section-subtitle {
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+  margin-top: 6px;
+}
+
+.sub-heading {
+  font-size: 1.1rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  margin: 36px 0 16px;
+  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   GLASS CARD
+   ============================================================ */
+.glass-card {
+  background: var(--glass-bg);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur));
+  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur));
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  padding: 24px;
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+}
+.glass-card:hover {
+  border-color: var(--border-hover);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 0 0 1px var(--border-hover);
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   STATUS CARDS (Dashboard)
+   ============================================================ */
+.status-cards-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
+  gap: 20px;
+}
+
+.status-card {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 16px;
+  padding: 20px 22px;
+}
+
+.status-card-icon {
+  width: 48px; height: 48px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  font-size: 1.3rem;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+.status-card-icon.blue    { background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12); }
+.status-card-icon.cyan    { background: rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.12); }
+.status-card-icon.emerald { background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.12); }
+.status-card-icon.amber   { background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.12); }
+
+.status-card-body {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  flex: 1;
+}
+.status-card-label {
+  font-size: 0.78rem;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 1px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+.status-card-value {
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+.status-card-indicator { flex-shrink: 0; }
+
+/* ============================================================
+   QUICK ACTIONS
+   ============================================================ */
+.quick-actions-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.action-card {
+  cursor: pointer;
+  text-align: center;
+  padding: 28px 20px;
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  background: var(--glass-bg);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  font-family: var(--font-body);
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+}
+.action-card:hover {
+  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.02);
+  border-color: var(--blue);
+  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
+}
+.action-icon { font-size: 2rem; }
+.action-title { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.95rem; }
+.action-desc { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text-muted); }
+
+/* ============================================================
+   TIMELINE
+   ============================================================ */
+.timeline-card { padding: 24px 28px; max-height: 420px; overflow-y: auto; }
+
+.timeline { position: relative; }
+.timeline::before {
+  content: '';
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 7px; top: 0; bottom: 0;
+  width: 2px;
+  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--blue), transparent);
+}
+
+.timeline-item {
+  position: relative;
+  padding: 0 0 24px 32px;
+}
+.timeline-item:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
+
+.timeline-dot {
+  position: absolute;
+  left: 0; top: 4px;
+  width: 16px; height: 16px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  border: 2px solid var(--blue);
+  background: var(--bg-deep);
+  z-index: 1;
+}
+.timeline-dot.success { border-color: var(--emerald); background: rgba(16,185,129,0.15); }
+.timeline-dot.error   { border-color: var(--red); background: rgba(239,68,68,0.15); }
+.timeline-dot.pending { border-color: var(--amber); background: rgba(245,158,11,0.15); }
+
+.timeline-content {
+  background: rgba(15, 20, 36, 0.5);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  padding: 14px 18px;
+  transition: border-color var(--transition);
+}
+.timeline-content:hover { border-color: var(--border-hover); }
+
+.timeline-title {
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+}
+.timeline-meta {
+  font-size: 0.78rem;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+.timeline-id {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--cyan);
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   FORMS
+   ============================================================ */
+.form-card { margin-bottom: 20px; }
+
+.form-group-title {
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  margin-bottom: 20px;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  padding-bottom: 12px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+}
+
+.form-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
+  gap: 20px;
+}
+.form-field.full-width { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
+
+.form-field label {
+  display: block;
+  font-size: 0.82rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  margin-bottom: 8px;
+  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
+}
+
+.form-field input,
+.form-field select,
+.form-field textarea {
+  width: 100%;
+  padding: 11px 16px;
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  font-family: var(--font-body);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  background: rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.7);
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  outline: none;
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+}
+
+.form-field input::placeholder,
+.form-field textarea::placeholder {
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+
+.form-field input:focus,
+.form-field select:focus,
+.form-field textarea:focus {
+  border-color: var(--blue);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--blue-glow), 0 0 20px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
+}
+
+.form-field input:invalid:not(:placeholder-shown) {
+  border-color: var(--red);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--red-glow);
+}
+
+.form-field select {
+  cursor: pointer;
+  appearance: none;
+  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='12' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%2394a3b8' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M6 9l6 6 6-6'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+  background-repeat: no-repeat;
+  background-position: right 14px center;
+  padding-right: 40px;
+}
+.form-field select option {
+  background: var(--bg-elevated);
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+}
+
+.form-field textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 80px; }
+
+.field-hint {
+  display: block;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  margin-top: 6px;
+}
+
+.form-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 12px;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   BUTTONS
+   ============================================================ */
+.btn {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding: 11px 24px;
+  font-size: 0.9rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-family: var(--font-body);
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all var(--transition);
+  position: relative;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.btn-primary {
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue), #2563eb);
+  color: #fff;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px var(--blue-glow);
+}
+.btn-primary:hover {
+  transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.03);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px var(--blue-glow);
+}
+.btn-primary:active { transform: translateY(0) scale(0.98); }
+
+.btn-lg { padding: 14px 32px; font-size: 0.95rem; }
+
+.btn-ghost {
+  background: transparent;
+  color: var(--text-secondary);
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+}
+.btn-ghost:hover {
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  border-color: var(--text-secondary);
+  background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.06);
+}
+
+.btn-success {
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--emerald), #059669);
+  color: #fff;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px var(--emerald-glow);
+}
+.btn-success:hover {
+  transform: translateY(-2px);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--emerald-glow);
+}
+
+.btn-danger {
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--red), #dc2626);
+  color: #fff;
+  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px var(--red-glow);
+}
+.btn-danger:hover {
+  transform: translateY(-2px);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--red-glow);
+}
+
+.btn-sm { padding: 8px 16px; font-size: 0.82rem; }
+
+.btn:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+  transform: none !important;
+}
+
+/* Spinner inside buttons */
+.btn-spinner {
+  width: 16px; height: 16px;
+  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
+  border-top-color: #fff;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  animation: spin 0.6s linear infinite;
+}
+@keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
+
+/* ============================================================
+   TERMINAL / BUILD LOG
+   ============================================================ */
+.terminal-card {
+  padding: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
+  margin-top: 24px;
+}
+
+.terminal-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding: 12px 18px;
+  background: rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.8);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+}
+
+.terminal-dots { display: flex; gap: 7px; }
+.terminal-dots .dot {
+  width: 12px; height: 12px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+}
+.terminal-dots .dot.red    { background: #ff5f57; }
+.terminal-dots .dot.yellow { background: #febc2e; }
+.terminal-dots .dot.green  { background: #28c840; }
+
+.terminal-title {
+  flex: 1;
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  text-align: center;
+  font-weight: 500;
+}
+
+.terminal-close {
+  background: none;
+  border: none;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  padding: 4px;
+  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
+}
+.terminal-close:hover { color: var(--text-primary); }
+
+.terminal-body {
+  padding: 20px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.82rem;
+  line-height: 1.7;
+  color: var(--emerald);
+  background: rgba(5, 8, 15, 0.9);
+  min-height: 180px;
+  max-height: 400px;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-break: break-all;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   BUILDS LIST
+   ============================================================ */
+.builds-list { max-height: 500px; overflow-y: auto; }
+
+.build-item {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 14px;
+  padding: 14px 0;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+  transition: background var(--transition-fast);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.build-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
+.build-item:hover { background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.04); }
+
+.build-status-dot {
+  width: 10px; height: 10px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+.build-status-dot.success { background: var(--emerald); box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--emerald-glow); }
+.build-status-dot.error   { background: var(--red); box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--red-glow); }
+.build-status-dot.pending { background: var(--amber); box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--amber-glow); }
+
+.build-info { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
+.build-name {
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-size: 0.88rem;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+.build-detail {
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+}
+
+.build-badge {
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  border-radius: 20px;
+  font-size: 0.7rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
+}
+.build-badge.success { background: rgba(16,185,129,0.12); color: var(--emerald); }
+.build-badge.error   { background: rgba(239,68,68,0.12); color: var(--red); }
+.build-badge.pending { background: rgba(245,158,11,0.12); color: var(--amber); }
+
+/* ============================================================
+   DEPLOY LAYOUT
+   ============================================================ */
+.deploy-layout {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 24px;
+  align-items: start;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   VM CONTROL
+   ============================================================ */
+.vm-lookup-card { margin-bottom: 24px; }
+
+.vm-lookup-row {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 12px;
+  align-items: flex-end;
+}
+.vm-lookup-row .form-field { flex: 1; }
+.vm-lookup-row .form-field input { margin: 0; }
+
+.vm-cards-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
+  gap: 20px;
+}
+
+.vm-card { padding: 0; overflow: hidden; }
+
+.vm-card-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  padding: 18px 22px;
+  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(59,130,246,0.08), rgba(6,182,212,0.05));
+  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
+}
+
+.vm-card-title {
+  font-weight: 700;
+  font-size: 1.05rem;
+}
+.vm-card-title span { color: var(--cyan); font-family: var(--font-mono); }
+
+.vm-status-tag {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  padding: 5px 12px;
+  border-radius: 20px;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
+}
+.vm-status-tag.running {
+  background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.12);
+  color: var(--emerald);
+}
+.vm-status-tag.stopped {
+  background: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.1);
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+.vm-status-tag.unknown {
+  background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.1);
+  color: var(--amber);
+}
+.vm-status-tag .tag-dot {
+  width: 7px; height: 7px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: currentColor;
+}
+
+.vm-card-body { padding: 20px 22px; }
+
+.vm-info-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  gap: 12px;
+  margin-bottom: 20px;
+}
+.vm-info-item { }
+.vm-info-label {
+  font-size: 0.72rem;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+.vm-info-value {
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  margin-top: 2px;
+}
+
+.vm-card-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   EMPTY STATE
+   ============================================================ */
+.empty-state {
+  text-align: center;
+  padding: 48px 20px;
+  color: var(--text-muted);
+}
+.empty-icon {
+  font-size: 3rem;
+  display: block;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+  opacity: 0.4;
+}
+.empty-state p { font-size: 0.9rem; }
+
+/* ============================================================
+   TOAST NOTIFICATIONS
+   ============================================================ */
+.toast-container {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 24px;
+  right: 24px;
+  z-index: 9999;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 10px;
+  pointer-events: none;
+}
+
+.toast {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding: 14px 20px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  background: rgba(15, 20, 40, 0.92);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
+  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
+  font-size: 0.88rem;
+  color: var(--text-primary);
+  pointer-events: auto;
+  animation: toastIn 0.35s ease both;
+  max-width: 420px;
+}
+.toast.leaving { animation: toastOut 0.3s ease both; }
+
+.toast.success { border-left: 3px solid var(--emerald); }
+.toast.error   { border-left: 3px solid var(--red); }
+.toast.info    { border-left: 3px solid var(--blue); }
+.toast.warning { border-left: 3px solid var(--amber); }
+
+.toast-icon { font-size: 1.2rem; flex-shrink: 0; }
+.toast-message { flex: 1; }
+
+@keyframes toastIn {
+  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(40px) scale(0.95); }
+  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0) scale(1); }
+}
+@keyframes toastOut {
+  from { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0) scale(1); }
+  to   { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(40px) scale(0.95); }
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   LOADING OVERLAY
+   ============================================================ */
+.loading-overlay {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  background: rgba(10, 14, 26, 0.6);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  z-index: 10;
+}
+
+.loader {
+  width: 36px; height: 36px;
+  border: 3px solid rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
+  border-top-color: var(--blue);
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  animation: spin 0.7s linear infinite;
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   PROGRESS BAR
+   ============================================================ */
+.progress-bar {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 4px;
+  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  margin-top: 8px;
+}
+.progress-bar-fill {
+  height: 100%;
+  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--blue), var(--cyan));
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  width: 0%;
+  transition: width 0.5s ease;
+  position: relative;
+}
+.progress-bar-fill.indeterminate {
+  width: 30% !important;
+  animation: indeterminate 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+@keyframes indeterminate {
+  0%   { transform: translateX(-100%); }
+  100% { transform: translateX(450%); }
+}
+
+/* ============================================================
+   RESPONSIVE
+   ============================================================ */
+@media (max-width: 1024px) {
+  .deploy-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .sidebar { transform: translateX(-100%); }
+  .sidebar.open { transform: translateX(0); }
+
+  .mobile-toggle { display: flex; }
+
+  .main-content {
+    margin-left: 0;
+    padding: 24px 20px 40px;
+  }
+
+  .status-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
+  .quick-actions-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
+  .form-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .vm-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .vm-lookup-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 480px) {
+  .status-cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .quick-actions-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
+  .section-title { font-size: 1.5rem; }
+}
diff --git a/venv/bin/Activate.ps1 b/venv/bin/Activate.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b49d77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/Activate.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
+
+.Description
+Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
+$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
+in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
+well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
+
+.Parameter VenvDir
+Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
+default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
+script is located within.
+
+.Parameter Prompt
+The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
+default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
+surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Verbose
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
+Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
+
+.Example
+Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
+Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
+and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
+parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
+
+.Notes
+On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
+execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
+command:
+
+PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+
+For more information on Execution Policies: 
+https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
+
+#>
+Param(
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $VenvDir,
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [String]
+    $Prompt
+)
+
+<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+<#
+.Synopsis
+Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
+addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
+the PATH variable.
+
+.Parameter NonDestructive
+If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
+session.
+
+#>
+function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
+    # Revert to original values
+
+    # The prior prompt:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
+        Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # The prior PYTHONHOME:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    }
+
+    # The prior PATH:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
+        Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
+        Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
+    }
+
+    # Just remove VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT altogether.
+    if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT) {
+        Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    }
+
+    # Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
+    if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+        Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
+    }
+
+    # Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
+    if (-not $NonDestructive) {
+        Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
+    }
+}
+
+<#
+.Description
+Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
+given folder, and returns them in a map.
+
+For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
+two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
+then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
+the right hand is the value.
+
+If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
+stripped from the value before being captured.
+
+.Parameter ConfigDir
+Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
+#>
+function Get-PyVenvConfig(
+    [String]
+    $ConfigDir
+) {
+    Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
+
+    # Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
+    $pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
+
+    # An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
+    $pyvenvConfig = @{ }
+
+    if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
+
+        Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
+        $pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
+
+        $pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
+            $keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
+            if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
+                $val = $keyval[1]
+
+                # Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
+                if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
+                    $val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
+                }
+
+                $pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
+                Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return $pyvenvConfig
+}
+
+
+<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
+
+# Determine the containing directory of this script
+$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
+$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
+
+Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
+Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
+
+# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
+# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
+# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
+if ($VenvDir) {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
+    $VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
+    Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
+}
+
+# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
+# as `prompt`.
+$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
+
+# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
+# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
+if ($Prompt) {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
+}
+else {
+    Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
+    if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
+        $Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
+    }
+    else {
+        Write-Verbose "  Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virtual environment)"
+        Write-Verbose "  Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
+        $Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
+Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
+
+# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
+# deactivate function in place.
+deactivate -nondestructive
+
+# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
+# that there is an activated venv.
+$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
+
+if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
+
+    Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
+
+    # Set the prompt to include the env name
+    # Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
+    function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
+    Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
+
+    function global:prompt {
+        Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
+        _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
+    }
+    $env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT = $Prompt
+}
+
+# Clear PYTHONHOME
+if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
+    Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
+}
+
+# Add the venv to the PATH
+Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"
diff --git a/venv/bin/activate b/venv/bin/activate
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a52cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/activate
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
+# You cannot run it directly
+
+deactivate () {
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
+        PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
+        export PATH
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    fi
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+        PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
+        export PYTHONHOME
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    fi
+
+    # Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+    # past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+    hash -r 2> /dev/null
+
+    if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
+        PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
+        export PS1
+        unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
+    fi
+
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV
+    unset VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
+    # Self destruct!
+        unset -f deactivate
+    fi
+}
+
+# unset irrelevant variables
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+# on Windows, a path can contain colons and backslashes and has to be converted:
+if [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "cygwin" ] || [ "${OSTYPE:-}" = "msys" ] ; then
+    # transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS
+    # and to /cygdrive/d/path/to/venv on Cygwin
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv)
+else
+    # use the path as-is
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv
+fi
+
+_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin":$PATH"
+export PATH
+
+# unset PYTHONHOME if set
+# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
+# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
+if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
+    unset PYTHONHOME
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
+    _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
+    PS1='(venv) '"${PS1:-}"
+    export PS1
+    VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT='(venv) '
+    export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+fi
+
+# Call hash to forget past commands. Without forgetting
+# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
+hash -r 2> /dev/null
diff --git a/venv/bin/activate.csh b/venv/bin/activate.csh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..075fae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/activate.csh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
+# You cannot run it directly.
+
+# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
+# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
+
+alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+setenv VIRTUAL_ENV /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
+setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin":$PATH"
+
+
+set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
+
+if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
+    set prompt = '(venv) '"$prompt"
+    setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT '(venv) '
+endif
+
+alias pydoc python -m pydoc
+
+rehash
diff --git a/venv/bin/activate.fish b/venv/bin/activate.fish
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ef1d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/activate.fish
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
+# (https://fishshell.com/). You cannot run it directly.
+
+function deactivate  -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
+    # reset old environment variables
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
+        set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
+    end
+    if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
+        set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+        set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
+    end
+
+    if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
+        set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
+        # prevents error when using nested fish instances (Issue #93858)
+        if functions -q _old_fish_prompt
+            functions -e fish_prompt
+            functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
+            functions -e _old_fish_prompt
+        end
+    end
+
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
+    set -e VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
+    if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
+        # Self-destruct!
+        functions -e deactivate
+    end
+end
+
+# Unset irrelevant variables.
+deactivate nondestructive
+
+set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv
+
+set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
+set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/"bin $PATH
+
+# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
+if set -q PYTHONHOME
+    set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
+    set -e PYTHONHOME
+end
+
+if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
+    # fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
+
+    # Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
+    functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
+
+    # With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
+    function fish_prompt
+        # Save the return status of the last command.
+        set -l old_status $status
+
+        # Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
+        printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) '(venv) ' (set_color normal)
+
+        # Restore the return status of the previous command.
+        echo "exit $old_status" | .
+        # Output the original/"old" prompt.
+        _old_fish_prompt
+    end
+
+    set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
+    set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT '(venv) '
+end
diff --git a/venv/bin/dotenv b/venv/bin/dotenv
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..653015e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/dotenv
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from dotenv.__main__ import cli
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(cli())
diff --git a/venv/bin/fastapi b/venv/bin/fastapi
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..109c9da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/fastapi
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from fastapi.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/httpx b/venv/bin/httpx
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8f93080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/httpx
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from httpx import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/idna b/venv/bin/idna
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..aacef7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/idna
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from idna.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/pip b/venv/bin/pip
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3b0a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/pip
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/pip3 b/venv/bin/pip3
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3b0a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/pip3
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/pip3.12 b/venv/bin/pip3.12
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e3b0a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/pip3.12
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/python b/venv/bin/python
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..b8a0adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/python
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/bin/python3 b/venv/bin/python3
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..ae65fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/python3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/usr/bin/python3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/bin/python3.12 b/venv/bin/python3.12
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..b8a0adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/python3.12
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/bin/uvicorn b/venv/bin/uvicorn
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b099636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/uvicorn
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from uvicorn.main import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/bin/watchfiles b/venv/bin/watchfiles
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..97b8f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/watchfiles
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from watchfiles.cli import cli
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(cli())
diff --git a/venv/bin/websockets b/venv/bin/websockets
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c6141c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/bin/websockets
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv/bin/python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from websockets.cli import main
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7baa8c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# This is a stub package designed to roughly emulate the _yaml
+# extension module, which previously existed as a standalone module
+# and has been moved into the `yaml` package namespace.
+# It does not perfectly mimic its old counterpart, but should get
+# close enough for anyone who's relying on it even when they shouldn't.
+import yaml
+
+# in some circumstances, the yaml module we imoprted may be from a different version, so we need
+# to tread carefully when poking at it here (it may not have the attributes we expect)
+if not getattr(yaml, '__with_libyaml__', False):
+    from sys import version_info
+
+    exc = ModuleNotFoundError if version_info >= (3, 6) else ImportError
+    raise exc("No module named '_yaml'")
+else:
+    from yaml._yaml import *
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn(
+        'The _yaml extension module is now located at yaml._yaml'
+        ' and its location is subject to change.  To use the'
+        ' LibYAML-based parser and emitter, import from `yaml`:'
+        ' `from yaml import CLoader as Loader, CDumper as Dumper`.',
+        DeprecationWarning
+    )
+    del warnings
+    # Don't `del yaml` here because yaml is actually an existing
+    # namespace member of _yaml.
+
+__name__ = '_yaml'
+# If the module is top-level (i.e. not a part of any specific package)
+# then the attribute should be set to ''.
+# https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/types.html
+__package__ = ''
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/_yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bf7a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: annotated-doc
+Version: 0.0.4
+Summary: Document parameters, class attributes, return types, and variables inline, with Annotated.
+Author-Email: =?utf-8?q?Sebasti=C3=A1n_Ram=C3=ADrez?= <tiangolo@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/issues
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/release-notes.md
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Annotated Doc
+
+Document parameters, class attributes, return types, and variables inline, with `Annotated`.
+
+<a href="https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amain" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://github.com/fastapi/annotated-doc/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?event=push&branch=main" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/fastapi/annotated-doc" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/fastapi/annotated-doc.svg" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/annotated-doc" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/annotated-doc?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/annotated-doc" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/annotated-doc.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
+</a>
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install annotated-doc
+```
+
+Or with `uv`:
+
+```Python
+uv add annotated-doc
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Import `Doc` and pass a single literal string with the documentation for the specific parameter, class attribute, return type, or variable.
+
+For example, to document a parameter `name` in a function `hi` you could do:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+
+def hi(name: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None:
+    print(f"Hi, {name}!")
+```
+
+You can also use it to document class attributes:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+
+class User:
+    name: Annotated[str, Doc("The user's name")]
+    age: Annotated[int, Doc("The user's age")]
+```
+
+The same way, you could document return types and variables, or anything that could have a type annotation with `Annotated`.
+
+## Who Uses This
+
+`annotated-doc` was made for:
+
+* [FastAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/)
+* [Typer](https://typer.tiangolo.com/)
+* [SQLModel](https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/)
+* [Asyncer](https://asyncer.tiangolo.com/)
+
+`annotated-doc` is supported by [griffe-typingdoc](https://github.com/mkdocstrings/griffe-typingdoc), which powers reference documentation like the one in the [FastAPI Reference](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/reference/).
+
+## Reasons not to use `annotated-doc`
+
+You are already comfortable with one of the existing docstring formats, like:
+
+* Sphinx
+* numpydoc
+* Google
+* Keras
+
+Your team is already comfortable using them.
+
+You prefer having the documentation about parameters all together in a docstring, separated from the code defining them.
+
+You care about a specific set of users, using one specific editor, and that editor already has support for the specific docstring format you use.
+
+## Reasons to use `annotated-doc`
+
+* No micro-syntax to learn for newcomers, it’s **just Python** syntax.
+* **Editing** would be already fully supported by default by any editor (current or future) supporting Python syntax, including syntax errors, syntax highlighting, etc.
+* **Rendering** would be relatively straightforward to implement by static tools (tools that don't need runtime execution), as the information can be extracted from the AST they normally already create.
+* **Deduplication of information**: the name of a parameter would be defined in a single place, not duplicated inside of a docstring.
+* **Elimination** of the possibility of having **inconsistencies** when removing a parameter or class variable and **forgetting to remove** its documentation.
+* **Minimization** of the probability of adding a new parameter or class variable and **forgetting to add its documentation**.
+* **Elimination** of the possibility of having **inconsistencies** between the **name** of a parameter in the **signature** and the name in the docstring when it is renamed.
+* **Access** to the documentation string for each symbol at **runtime**, including existing (older) Python versions.
+* A more formalized way to document other symbols, like type aliases, that could use Annotated.
+* **Support** for apps using FastAPI, Typer and others.
+* **AI Accessibility**: AI tools will have an easier way understanding each parameter as the distance from documentation to parameter is much closer.
+
+## History
+
+I ([@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo)) originally wanted for this to be part of the Python standard library (in [PEP 727](https://peps.python.org/pep-0727/)), but the proposal was withdrawn as there was a fair amount of negative feedback and opposition.
+
+The conclusion was that this was better done as an external effort, in a third-party library.
+
+So, here it is, with a simpler approach, as a third-party library, in a way that can be used by others, starting with FastAPI and friends.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..549e005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Irm5KJua33dY2qKKAjJ-OhKaVBVIfwFGej_dSe3Z1TU,6566
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/RECORD,,
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=9P2ygRxDrTJz3gsagc0Z96ukrxjr-LFBGOgv3AuKlCA,90
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=6OYgBcLyFCUgeqLgnvMyOJxPCWzgy7se4rLPKtNonMs,34
+annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=__Fwd5pqy_ZavbQFwIfxzuF4ZpHkqWpANFF-SlBKDN8,1086
+annotated_doc/__init__.py,sha256=VuyxxUe80kfEyWnOrCx_Bk8hybo3aKo6RYBlkBBYW8k,52
+annotated_doc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_doc/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_doc/main.py,sha256=5Zfvxv80SwwLqpRW73AZyZyiM4bWma9QWRbp_cgD20s,1075
+annotated_doc/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..045c8ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: pdm-backend (2.4.5)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3ad472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[console_scripts]
+
+[gui_scripts]
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a25446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc-0.0.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Sebastián Ramírez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0152a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .main import Doc as Doc
+
+__version__ = "0.0.4"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7063c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+class Doc:
+    """Define the documentation of a type annotation using `Annotated`, to be
+        used in class attributes, function and method parameters, return values,
+        and variables.
+
+    The value should be a positional-only string literal to allow static tools
+    like editors and documentation generators to use it.
+
+    This complements docstrings.
+
+    The string value passed is available in the attribute `documentation`.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```Python
+    from typing import Annotated
+    from annotated_doc import Doc
+
+    def hi(name: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None:
+        print(f"Hi, {name}!")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, documentation: str, /) -> None:
+        self.documentation = documentation
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Doc({self.documentation!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.documentation)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Doc):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.documentation == other.documentation
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_doc/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ac05cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: annotated-types
+Version: 0.7.0
+Summary: Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/releases
+Author-email: Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Zac Hatfield-Dodds <zac@zhd.dev>
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Environment :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Unix
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.0.0; python_version < '3.9'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# annotated-types
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/workflows/CI/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/annotated-types.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/annotated-types)
+[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/annotated-types/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+[PEP-593](https://peps.python.org/pep-0593/) added `typing.Annotated` as a way of
+adding context-specific metadata to existing types, and specifies that
+`Annotated[T, x]` _should_ be treated as `T` by any tool or library without special
+logic for `x`.
+
+This package provides metadata objects which can be used to represent common
+constraints such as upper and lower bounds on scalar values and collection sizes,
+a `Predicate` marker for runtime checks, and
+descriptions of how we intend these metadata to be interpreted. In some cases,
+we also note alternative representations which do not require this package.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install annotated-types
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+from annotated_types import Gt, Len, Predicate
+
+class MyClass:
+    age: Annotated[int, Gt(18)]                         # Valid: 19, 20, ...
+                                                        # Invalid: 17, 18, "19", 19.0, ...
+    factors: list[Annotated[int, Predicate(is_prime)]]  # Valid: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
+                                                        # Invalid: 4, 8, -2, 5.0, "prime", ...
+
+    my_list: Annotated[list[int], Len(0, 10)]           # Valid: [], [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+                                                        # Invalid: (1, 2), ["abc"], [0] * 20
+```
+
+## Documentation
+
+_While `annotated-types` avoids runtime checks for performance, users should not
+construct invalid combinations such as `MultipleOf("non-numeric")` or `Annotated[int, Len(3)]`.
+Downstream implementors may choose to raise an error, emit a warning, silently ignore
+a metadata item, etc., if the metadata objects described below are used with an
+incompatible type - or for any other reason!_
+
+### Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
+
+Express inclusive and/or exclusive bounds on orderable values - which may be numbers,
+dates, times, strings, sets, etc. Note that the boundary value need not be of the
+same type that was annotated, so long as they can be compared: `Annotated[int, Gt(1.5)]`
+is fine, for example, and implies that the value is an integer x such that `x > 1.5`.
+
+We suggest that implementors may also interpret `functools.partial(operator.le, 1.5)`
+as being equivalent to `Gt(1.5)`, for users who wish to avoid a runtime dependency on
+the `annotated-types` package.
+
+To be explicit, these types have the following meanings:
+
+* `Gt(x)` - value must be "Greater Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive minimum
+* `Ge(x)` - value must be "Greater than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive minimum
+* `Lt(x)` - value must be "Less Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive maximum
+* `Le(x)` - value must be "Less than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive maximum
+
+### Interval
+
+`Interval(gt, ge, lt, le)` allows you to specify an upper and lower bound with a single
+metadata object. `None` attributes should be ignored, and non-`None` attributes
+treated as per the single bounds above.
+
+### MultipleOf
+
+`MultipleOf(multiple_of=x)` might be interpreted in two ways:
+
+1. Python semantics, implying `value % multiple_of == 0`, or
+2. [JSONschema semantics](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.6.2.1),
+   where `int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of`.
+
+We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations and their
+distinct behaviours, especially since very large or non-integer numbers make
+it easy to cause silent data corruption due to floating-point imprecision.
+
+We encourage libraries to carefully document which interpretation they implement.
+
+### MinLen, MaxLen, Len
+
+`Len()` implies that `min_length <= len(value) <= max_length` - lower and upper bounds are inclusive.
+
+As well as `Len()` which can optionally include upper and lower bounds, we also
+provide `MinLen(x)` and `MaxLen(y)` which are equivalent to `Len(min_length=x)`
+and `Len(max_length=y)` respectively.
+
+`Len`, `MinLen`, and `MaxLen` may be used with any type which supports `len(value)`.
+
+Examples of usage:
+
+* `Annotated[list, MaxLen(10)]` (or `Annotated[list, Len(max_length=10))`) - list must have a length of 10 or less
+* `Annotated[str, MaxLen(10)]` - string must have a length of 10 or less
+* `Annotated[list, MinLen(3))` (or `Annotated[list, Len(min_length=3))`) - list must have a length of 3 or more
+* `Annotated[list, Len(4, 6)]` - list must have a length of 4, 5, or 6
+* `Annotated[list, Len(8, 8)]` - list must have a length of exactly 8
+
+#### Changed in v0.4.0
+
+* `min_inclusive` has been renamed to `min_length`, no change in meaning
+* `max_exclusive` has been renamed to `max_length`, upper bound is now **inclusive** instead of **exclusive**
+* The recommendation that slices are interpreted as `Len` has been removed due to ambiguity and different semantic
+  meaning of the upper bound in slices vs. `Len`
+
+See [issue #23](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/issues/23) for discussion.
+
+### Timezone
+
+`Timezone` can be used with a `datetime` or a `time` to express which timezones
+are allowed. `Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]` must be a naive datetime.
+`Timezone[...]` ([literal ellipsis](https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis))
+expresses that any timezone-aware datetime is allowed. You may also pass a specific
+timezone string or [`tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects)
+object such as `Timezone(timezone.utc)` or `Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")` to express that you only
+allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often a symptom of fragile design.
+
+#### Changed in v0.x.x
+
+* `Timezone` accepts [`tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#tzinfo-objects) objects instead of
+  `timezone`, extending compatibility to [`zoneinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html) and third party libraries.
+
+### Unit
+
+`Unit(unit: str)` expresses that the annotated numeric value is the magnitude of
+a quantity with the specified unit. For example, `Annotated[float, Unit("m/s")]`
+would be a float representing a velocity in meters per second.
+
+Please note that `annotated_types` itself makes no attempt to parse or validate
+the unit string in any way. That is left entirely to downstream libraries,
+such as [`pint`](https://pint.readthedocs.io) or
+[`astropy.units`](https://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/units/).
+
+An example of how a library might use this metadata:
+
+```python
+from annotated_types import Unit
+from typing import Annotated, TypeVar, Callable, Any, get_origin, get_args
+
+# given a type annotated with a unit:
+Meters = Annotated[float, Unit("m")]
+
+
+# you can cast the annotation to a specific unit type with any
+# callable that accepts a string and returns the desired type
+T = TypeVar("T")
+def cast_unit(tp: Any, unit_cls: Callable[[str], T]) -> T | None:
+    if get_origin(tp) is Annotated:
+        for arg in get_args(tp):
+            if isinstance(arg, Unit):
+                return unit_cls(arg.unit)
+    return None
+
+
+# using `pint`
+import pint
+pint_unit = cast_unit(Meters, pint.Unit)
+
+
+# using `astropy.units`
+import astropy.units as u
+astropy_unit = cast_unit(Meters, u.Unit)
+```
+
+### Predicate
+
+`Predicate(func: Callable)` expresses that `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
+Users should prefer the statically inspectable metadata above, but if you need
+the full power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
+
+For some common constraints, we provide generic types:
+
+* `IsLower       = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.islower)]`
+* `IsUpper       = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.isupper)]`
+* `IsDigit       = Annotated[T, Predicate(str.isdigit)]`
+* `IsFinite      = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isfinite)]`
+* `IsNotFinite   = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]`
+* `IsNan         = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isnan)]`
+* `IsNotNan      = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]`
+* `IsInfinite    = Annotated[T, Predicate(math.isinf)]`
+* `IsNotInfinite = Annotated[T, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]`
+
+so that you can write e.g. `x: IsFinite[float] = 2.0` instead of the longer
+(but exactly equivalent) `x: Annotated[float, Predicate(math.isfinite)] = 2.0`.
+
+Some libraries might have special logic to handle known or understandable predicates,
+for example by checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom
+logic to enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
+Users are therefore encouraged to avoid indirection like `lambda s: s.lower()`, in
+favor of introspectable methods such as `str.lower` or `re.compile("pattern").search`.
+
+To enable basic negation of commonly used predicates like `math.isnan` without introducing introspection that makes it impossible for implementers to introspect the predicate we provide a `Not` wrapper that simply negates the predicate in an introspectable manner. Several of the predicates listed above are created in this manner.
+
+We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
+an exception.  For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
+skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
+and then propagate or discard the resulting
+`TypeError: descriptor 'isdigit' for 'str' objects doesn't apply to a 'int' object`
+exception.  We encourage libraries to document the behaviour they choose.
+
+### Doc
+
+`doc()` can be used to add documentation information in `Annotated`, for function and method parameters, variables, class attributes, return types, and any place where `Annotated` can be used.
+
+It expects a value that can be statically analyzed, as the main use case is for static analysis, editors, documentation generators, and similar tools.
+
+It returns a `DocInfo` class with a single attribute `documentation` containing the value passed to `doc()`.
+
+This is the early adopter's alternative form of the [`typing-doc` proposal](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/typing-doc/typing_doc.md).
+
+### Integrating downstream types with `GroupedMetadata`
+
+Implementers may choose to provide a convenience wrapper that groups multiple pieces of metadata.
+This can help reduce verbosity and cognitive overhead for users.
+For example, an implementer like Pydantic might provide a `Field` or `Meta` type that accepts keyword arguments and transforms these into low-level metadata:
+
+```python
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Iterator
+from annotated_types import GroupedMetadata, Ge
+
+@dataclass
+class Field(GroupedMetadata):
+    ge: int | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
+        # Iterating over a GroupedMetadata object should yield annotated-types
+        # constraint metadata objects which describe it as fully as possible,
+        # and may include other unknown objects too.
+        if self.ge is not None:
+            yield Ge(self.ge)
+        if self.description is not None:
+            yield Description(self.description)
+```
+
+Libraries consuming annotated-types constraints should check for `GroupedMetadata` and unpack it by iterating over the object and treating the results as if they had been "unpacked" in the `Annotated` type.  The same logic should be applied to the [PEP 646 `Unpack` type](https://peps.python.org/pep-0646/), so that `Annotated[T, Field(...)]`, `Annotated[T, Unpack[Field(...)]]` and `Annotated[T, *Field(...)]` are all treated consistently.
+
+Libraries consuming annotated-types should also ignore any metadata they do not recongize that came from unpacking a `GroupedMetadata`, just like they ignore unrecognized metadata in `Annotated` itself.
+
+Our own `annotated_types.Interval` class is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `Gt`, `Lt`, etc., so this is not an abstract concern.  Similarly, `annotated_types.Len` is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `MinLen` (optionally) and `MaxLen`.
+
+### Consuming metadata
+
+We intend to not be prescriptive as to _how_ the metadata and constraints are used, but as an example of how one might parse constraints from types annotations see our [implementation in `test_main.py`](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/f59cf6d1b5255a0fe359b93896759a180bec30ae/tests/test_main.py#L94-L103).
+
+It is up to the implementer to determine how this metadata is used.
+You could use the metadata for runtime type checking, for generating schemas or to generate example data, amongst other use cases.
+
+## Design & History
+
+This package was designed at the PyCon 2022 sprints by the maintainers of Pydantic
+and Hypothesis, with the goal of making it as easy as possible for end-users to
+provide more informative annotations for use by runtime libraries.
+
+It is deliberately minimal, and following PEP-593 allows considerable downstream
+discretion in what (if anything!) they choose to support. Nonetheless, we expect
+that staying simple and covering _only_ the most common use-cases will give users
+and maintainers the best experience we can. If you'd like more constraints for your
+types - follow our lead, by defining them and documenting them downstream!
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a66e278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=7ltqxksJJ0wCYFGBNIQCWTlWQGeAH0hRFdnK3CB895E,15046
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=zEMcRr9Kr03x1ozGwg5v9NQBKn3kndp6LSoSlVg-jhU,87
+annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=_hBJiEsaDZNCkB6I4H8ykl0ksxIdmXK2poBfuYJLCV0,1083
+annotated_types/__init__.py,sha256=RynLsRKUEGI0KimXydlD1fZEfEzWwDo0Uon3zOKhG1Q,13819
+annotated_types/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_types/__pycache__/test_cases.cpython-312.pyc,,
+annotated_types/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+annotated_types/test_cases.py,sha256=zHFX6EpcMbGJ8FzBYDbO56bPwx_DYIVSKbZM-4B3_lg,6421
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..516596c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.24.2
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99323a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types-0.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 the contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74e0dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+import math
+import sys
+import types
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import tzinfo
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex, TypeVar, Union
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing_extensions import Protocol, runtime_checkable
+else:
+    from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+    from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
+else:
+    from typing import Annotated, Literal
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
+    KW_ONLY = {}
+    SLOTS = {}
+else:
+    from types import EllipsisType
+
+    KW_ONLY = {"kw_only": True}
+    SLOTS = {"slots": True}
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    'BaseMetadata',
+    'GroupedMetadata',
+    'Gt',
+    'Ge',
+    'Lt',
+    'Le',
+    'Interval',
+    'MultipleOf',
+    'MinLen',
+    'MaxLen',
+    'Len',
+    'Timezone',
+    'Predicate',
+    'LowerCase',
+    'UpperCase',
+    'IsDigits',
+    'IsFinite',
+    'IsNotFinite',
+    'IsNan',
+    'IsNotNan',
+    'IsInfinite',
+    'IsNotInfinite',
+    'doc',
+    'DocInfo',
+    '__version__',
+)
+
+__version__ = '0.7.0'
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+# arguments that start with __ are considered
+# positional only
+# see https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#positional-only-arguments
+
+
+class SupportsGt(Protocol):
+    def __gt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsGe(Protocol):
+    def __ge__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsLt(Protocol):
+    def __lt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsLe(Protocol):
+    def __le__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsMod(Protocol):
+    def __mod__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
+        ...
+
+
+class SupportsDiv(Protocol):
+    def __div__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
+        ...
+
+
+class BaseMetadata:
+    """Base class for all metadata.
+
+    This exists mainly so that implementers
+    can do `isinstance(..., BaseMetadata)` while traversing field annotations.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Gt(BaseMetadata):
+    """Gt(gt=x) implies that the value must be greater than x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``>`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    gt: SupportsGt
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Ge(BaseMetadata):
+    """Ge(ge=x) implies that the value must be greater than or equal to x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``>=`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    ge: SupportsGe
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Lt(BaseMetadata):
+    """Lt(lt=x) implies that the value must be less than x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``<`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    lt: SupportsLt
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Le(BaseMetadata):
+    """Le(le=x) implies that the value must be less than or equal to x.
+
+    It can be used with any type that supports the ``<=`` operator,
+    including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
+    """
+
+    le: SupportsLe
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class GroupedMetadata(Protocol):
+    """A grouping of multiple objects, like typing.Unpack.
+
+    `GroupedMetadata` on its own is not metadata and has no meaning.
+    All of the constraints and metadata should be fully expressable
+    in terms of the `BaseMetadata`'s returned by `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`.
+
+    Concrete implementations should override `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`
+    to add their own metadata.
+    For example:
+
+    >>> @dataclass
+    >>> class Field(GroupedMetadata):
+    >>>     gt: float | None = None
+    >>>     description: str | None = None
+    ...
+    >>>     def __iter__(self) -> Iterable[object]:
+    >>>         if self.gt is not None:
+    >>>             yield Gt(self.gt)
+    >>>         if self.description is not None:
+    >>>             yield Description(self.gt)
+
+    Also see the implementation of `Interval` below for an example.
+
+    Parsers should recognize this and unpack it so that it can be used
+    both with and without unpacking:
+
+    - `Annotated[int, Field(...)]` (parser must unpack Field)
+    - `Annotated[int, *Field(...)]` (PEP-646)
+    """  # noqa: trailing-whitespace
+
+    @property
+    def __is_annotated_types_grouped_metadata__(self) -> Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
+        ...
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        __slots__ = ()  # allow subclasses to use slots
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            # Basic ABC like functionality without the complexity of an ABC
+            super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+            if cls.__iter__ is GroupedMetadata.__iter__:
+                raise TypeError("Can't subclass GroupedMetadata without implementing __iter__")
+
+        def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:  # noqa: F811
+            raise NotImplementedError  # more helpful than "None has no attribute..." type errors
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **KW_ONLY, **SLOTS)
+class Interval(GroupedMetadata):
+    """Interval can express inclusive or exclusive bounds with a single object.
+
+    It accepts keyword arguments ``gt``, ``ge``, ``lt``, and/or ``le``, which
+    are interpreted the same way as the single-bound constraints.
+    """
+
+    gt: Union[SupportsGt, None] = None
+    ge: Union[SupportsGe, None] = None
+    lt: Union[SupportsLt, None] = None
+    le: Union[SupportsLe, None] = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
+        """Unpack an Interval into zero or more single-bounds."""
+        if self.gt is not None:
+            yield Gt(self.gt)
+        if self.ge is not None:
+            yield Ge(self.ge)
+        if self.lt is not None:
+            yield Lt(self.lt)
+        if self.le is not None:
+            yield Le(self.le)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class MultipleOf(BaseMetadata):
+    """MultipleOf(multiple_of=x) might be interpreted in two ways:
+
+    1. Python semantics, implying ``value % multiple_of == 0``, or
+    2. JSONschema semantics, where ``int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of``
+
+    We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations,
+    and libraries to carefully document which they implement.
+    """
+
+    multiple_of: Union[SupportsDiv, SupportsMod]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class MinLen(BaseMetadata):
+    """
+    MinLen() implies minimum inclusive length,
+    e.g. ``len(value) >= min_length``.
+    """
+
+    min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class MaxLen(BaseMetadata):
+    """
+    MaxLen() implies maximum inclusive length,
+    e.g. ``len(value) <= max_length``.
+    """
+
+    max_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Len(GroupedMetadata):
+    """
+    Len() implies that ``min_length <= len(value) <= max_length``.
+
+    Upper bound may be omitted or ``None`` to indicate no upper length bound.
+    """
+
+    min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)] = 0
+    max_length: Optional[Annotated[int, Ge(0)]] = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
+        """Unpack a Len into zone or more single-bounds."""
+        if self.min_length > 0:
+            yield MinLen(self.min_length)
+        if self.max_length is not None:
+            yield MaxLen(self.max_length)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Timezone(BaseMetadata):
+    """Timezone(tz=...) requires a datetime to be aware (or ``tz=None``, naive).
+
+    ``Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]`` must be a naive datetime.
+    ``Timezone[...]`` (the ellipsis literal) expresses that the datetime must be
+    tz-aware but any timezone is allowed.
+
+    You may also pass a specific timezone string or tzinfo object such as
+    ``Timezone(timezone.utc)`` or ``Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")`` to express that
+    you only allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often
+    a symptom of poor design.
+    """
+
+    tz: Union[str, tzinfo, EllipsisType, None]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Unit(BaseMetadata):
+    """Indicates that the value is a physical quantity with the specified unit.
+
+    It is intended for usage with numeric types, where the value represents the
+    magnitude of the quantity. For example, ``distance: Annotated[float, Unit('m')]``
+    or ``speed: Annotated[float, Unit('m/s')]``.
+
+    Interpretation of the unit string is left to the discretion of the consumer.
+    It is suggested to follow conventions established by python libraries that work
+    with physical quantities, such as
+
+    - ``pint`` : <https://pint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>
+    - ``astropy.units``: <https://docs.astropy.org/en/stable/units/>
+
+    For indicating a quantity with a certain dimensionality but without a specific unit
+    it is recommended to use square brackets, e.g. `Annotated[float, Unit('[time]')]`.
+    Note, however, ``annotated_types`` itself makes no use of the unit string.
+    """
+
+    unit: str
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+class Predicate(BaseMetadata):
+    """``Predicate(func: Callable)`` implies `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
+
+    Users should prefer statically inspectable metadata, but if you need the full
+    power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
+
+    We provide a few predefined predicates for common string constraints:
+    ``IsLower = Predicate(str.islower)``, ``IsUpper = Predicate(str.isupper)``, and
+    ``IsDigits = Predicate(str.isdigit)``. Users are encouraged to use methods which
+    can be given special handling, and avoid indirection like ``lambda s: s.lower()``.
+
+    Some libraries might have special logic to handle certain predicates, e.g. by
+    checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom logic to
+    enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
+
+    We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
+    an exception.  For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
+    skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
+    and then propagate or discard the resulting exception.
+    """
+
+    func: Callable[[Any], bool]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if getattr(self.func, "__name__", "<lambda>") == "<lambda>":
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func!r})"
+        if isinstance(self.func, (types.MethodType, types.BuiltinMethodType)) and (
+            namespace := getattr(self.func.__self__, "__name__", None)
+        ):
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({namespace}.{self.func.__name__})"
+        if isinstance(self.func, type(str.isascii)):  # method descriptor
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func.__qualname__})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.func.__name__})"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Not:
+    func: Callable[[Any], bool]
+
+    def __call__(self, __v: Any) -> bool:
+        return not self.func(__v)
+
+
+_StrType = TypeVar("_StrType", bound=str)
+
+LowerCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.islower)]
+"""
+Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
+
+A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
+"""  # noqa: E501
+UpperCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isupper)]
+"""
+Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
+
+A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
+"""  # noqa: E501
+IsDigit = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isdigit)]
+IsDigits = IsDigit  # type: ignore  # plural for backwards compatibility, see #63
+"""
+Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
+
+A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
+"""  # noqa: E501
+IsAscii = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isascii)]
+"""
+Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
+
+ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
+"""
+
+_NumericType = TypeVar('_NumericType', bound=Union[SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex])
+IsFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isfinite)]
+"""Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise."""
+IsNotFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]
+"""Return True if x is one of infinity or NaN, and False otherwise"""
+IsNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isnan)]
+"""Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
+IsNotNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]
+"""Return True if x is anything but NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
+IsInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isinf)]
+"""Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
+IsNotInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]
+"""Return True if x is neither a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
+
+try:
+    from typing_extensions import DocInfo, doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+except ImportError:
+
+    @dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
+    class DocInfo:  # type: ignore [no-redef]
+        """ "
+        The return value of doc(), mainly to be used by tools that want to extract the
+        Annotated documentation at runtime.
+        """
+
+        documentation: str
+        """The documentation string passed to doc()."""
+
+    def doc(
+        documentation: str,
+    ) -> DocInfo:
+        """
+        Add documentation to a type annotation inside of Annotated.
+
+        For example:
+
+        >>> def hi(name: Annotated[int, doc("The name of the user")]) -> None: ...
+        """
+        return DocInfo(documentation)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__pycache__/test_cases.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/__pycache__/test_cases.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/test_cases.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/test_cases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9164d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/annotated_types/test_cases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import math
+import sys
+from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from decimal import Decimal
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+    from typing_extensions import Annotated
+else:
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+import annotated_types as at
+
+
+class Case(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    A test case for `annotated_types`.
+    """
+
+    annotation: Any
+    valid_cases: Iterable[Any]
+    invalid_cases: Iterable[Any]
+
+
+def cases() -> Iterable[Case]:
+    # Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Gt(4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Gt(0.5)], (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.5, 0.0, -0.1))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(date(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [date(2000, 1, 2), date(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [date(2000, 1, 1), date(1999, 12, 31)],
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(Decimal('1.123'))],
+        [Decimal('1.1231'), Decimal('123')],
+        [Decimal('1.123'), Decimal('0')],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Ge(4)], (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4), (0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Ge(0.5)], (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.4, 0.0, -0.1))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Ge(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [datetime(1998, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Lt(4)], (0, -1), (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Lt(0.5)], (0.4, 0.0, -0.1), (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Lt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(1999, 12, 31), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Le(4)], (4, 0, -1), (5, 6, 1000))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Le(0.5)], (0.5, 0.0, -0.1), (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Le(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+    )
+
+    # Interval
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4, lt=10)], (5, 6), (4, 10, 1000, 0, -1))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Interval(ge=0.5, le=1)], (0.5, 0.9, 1), (0.49, 1.1))
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Interval(gt=datetime(2000, 1, 1), le=datetime(2000, 1, 3))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 4)],
+    )
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=3)], (0, 3, 9), (1, 2, 4))
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=0.5)], (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5), (0.4, 1.1))
+
+    # lengths
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MinLen(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[int], at.MinLen(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[int], at.Len(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MaxLen(4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(0, 4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[str], at.MaxLen(4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[List[str], at.Len(0, 4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 5)], ('123', '12345'), ('', '1', '12', '123456', 'x' * 10))
+    yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 3)], ('123',), ('12', '1234'))
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[Dict[int, int], at.Len(2, 3)], [{1: 1, 2: 2}], [{}, {1: 1}, {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}])
+    yield Case(Annotated[Set[int], at.Len(2, 3)], ({1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}), (set(), {1}, {1, 2, 3, 4}))
+    yield Case(Annotated[Tuple[int, ...], at.Len(2, 3)], ((1, 2), (1, 2, 3)), ((), (1,), (1, 2, 3, 4)))
+
+    # Timezone
+
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(None)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)]
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(...)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)]
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(timezone.utc)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
+    )
+    yield Case(
+        Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone('Europe/London')],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(0), name='Europe/London'))],
+        [datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
+    )
+
+    # Quantity
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Unit(unit='m')], (5, 4.2), ('5m', '4.2m'))
+
+    # predicate types
+
+    yield Case(at.LowerCase[str], ['abc', 'foobar'], ['', 'A', 'Boom'])
+    yield Case(at.UpperCase[str], ['ABC', 'DEFO'], ['', 'a', 'abc', 'AbC'])
+    yield Case(at.IsDigit[str], ['123'], ['', 'ab', 'a1b2'])
+    yield Case(at.IsAscii[str], ['123', 'foo bar'], ['£100', '😊', 'whatever 👀'])
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Predicate(lambda x: x % 2 == 0)], [0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5])
+
+    yield Case(at.IsFinite[float], [1.23], [math.nan, math.inf, -math.inf])
+    yield Case(at.IsNotFinite[float], [math.nan, math.inf], [1.23])
+    yield Case(at.IsNan[float], [math.nan], [1.23, math.inf])
+    yield Case(at.IsNotNan[float], [1.23, math.inf], [math.nan])
+    yield Case(at.IsInfinite[float], [math.inf], [math.nan, 1.23])
+    yield Case(at.IsNotInfinite[float], [math.nan, 1.23], [math.inf])
+
+    # check stacked predicates
+    yield Case(at.IsInfinite[Annotated[float, at.Predicate(lambda x: x > 0)]], [math.inf], [-math.inf, 1.23, math.nan])
+
+    # doc
+    yield Case(Annotated[int, at.doc("A number")], [1, 2], [])
+
+    # custom GroupedMetadata
+    class MyCustomGroupedMetadata(at.GroupedMetadata):
+        def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[at.Predicate]:
+            yield at.Predicate(lambda x: float(x).is_integer())
+
+    yield Case(Annotated[float, MyCustomGroupedMetadata()], [0, 2.0], [0.01, 1.5])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7840c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: anyio
+Version: 4.14.0
+Summary: High-level concurrency and networking framework on top of asyncio or Trio
+Author-email: Alex Grönholm <alex.gronholm@nextday.fi>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/versionhistory.html
+Project-URL: Source code, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio
+Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/issues
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: exceptiongroup>=1.0.2; python_version < "3.11"
+Requires-Dist: idna>=2.8
+Requires-Dist: typing_extensions>=4.5; python_version < "3.13"
+Provides-Extra: trio
+Requires-Dist: trio>=0.32.0; extra == "trio"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+  :target: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml
+  :alt: Build Status
+.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/agronholm/anyio/badge.svg?branch=master
+  :target: https://coveralls.io/github/agronholm/anyio?branch=master
+  :alt: Code Coverage
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/anyio/badge/?version=latest
+  :target: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+  :alt: Documentation
+.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
+  :target: https://gitter.im/python-trio/AnyIO
+  :alt: Gitter chat
+.. image:: https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/anyio
+  :target: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-anyio
+  :alt: Tidelift
+
+AnyIO is an asynchronous networking and concurrency library that works on top of either asyncio_ or
+Trio_. It implements Trio-like `structured concurrency`_ (SC) on top of asyncio and works in harmony
+with the native SC of Trio itself.
+
+Applications and libraries written against AnyIO's API will run unmodified on either asyncio_ or
+Trio_. AnyIO can also be adopted into a library or application incrementally – bit by bit, no full
+refactoring necessary. It will blend in with the native libraries of your chosen backend.
+
+To find out why you might want to use AnyIO's APIs instead of asyncio's, you can read about it
+`here <https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/why.html>`_.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+View full documentation at: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/
+
+Features
+--------
+
+AnyIO offers the following functionality:
+
+* Task groups (nurseries_ in trio terminology)
+* High-level networking (TCP, UDP and UNIX sockets)
+
+  * `Happy eyeballs`_ algorithm for TCP connections (more robust than that of asyncio on Python
+    3.8)
+  * async/await style UDP sockets (unlike asyncio where you still have to use Transports and
+    Protocols)
+
+* A versatile API for byte streams and object streams
+* Inter-task synchronization and communication (locks, conditions, events, semaphores, object
+  streams)
+* Worker threads
+* Subprocesses
+* Subinterpreter support for code parallelization (on Python 3.13 and later)
+* Asynchronous file I/O (using worker threads)
+* Signal handling
+* Asynchronous versions of the functools_ and itertools_ modules
+
+AnyIO also comes with its own pytest_ plugin which also supports asynchronous fixtures.
+It even works with the popular Hypothesis_ library.
+
+.. _asyncio: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
+.. _Trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
+.. _structured concurrency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_concurrency
+.. _nurseries: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-core.html#nurseries-and-spawning
+.. _Happy eyeballs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Eyeballs
+.. _pytest: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
+.. _functools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html
+.. _itertools: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html
+.. _Hypothesis: https://hypothesis.works/
+
+Security contact information
+----------------------------
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the `Tidelift security contact`_.
+Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+.. _Tidelift security contact: https://tidelift.com/security
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e984ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
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+anyio/_core/_typedattr.py,sha256=P4ozZikn3-DbpoYcvyghS_FOYAgbmUxeoU8-L_07pZM,2508
+anyio/abc/__init__.py,sha256=6mWhcl_pGXhrgZVHP_TCfMvIXIOp9mroEFM90fYCU_U,2869
+anyio/abc/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a883f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44dd9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[pytest11]
+anyio = anyio.pytest_plugin
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..104eebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Grönholm
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c77c069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio-4.14.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+anyio
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2502c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._core._contextmanagers import AsyncContextManagerMixin as AsyncContextManagerMixin
+from ._core._contextmanagers import ContextManagerMixin as ContextManagerMixin
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time as current_time
+from ._core._eventloop import get_all_backends as get_all_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import get_available_backends as get_available_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import get_cancelled_exc_class as get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._core._eventloop import run as run
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep as sleep
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep_forever as sleep_forever
+from ._core._eventloop import sleep_until as sleep_until
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenResourceError as BrokenResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter as BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess as BrokenWorkerProcess
+from ._core._exceptions import BusyResourceError as BusyResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import ClosedResourceError as ClosedResourceError
+from ._core._exceptions import ConnectionFailed as ConnectionFailed
+from ._core._exceptions import DelimiterNotFound as DelimiterNotFound
+from ._core._exceptions import EndOfStream as EndOfStream
+from ._core._exceptions import IncompleteRead as IncompleteRead
+from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError as NoEventLoopError
+from ._core._exceptions import RunFinishedError as RunFinishedError
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskCancelled as TaskCancelled
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskFailed as TaskFailed
+from ._core._exceptions import TaskNotFinished as TaskNotFinished
+from ._core._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError as TypedAttributeLookupError
+from ._core._exceptions import WouldBlock as WouldBlock
+from ._core._fileio import AsyncFile as AsyncFile
+from ._core._fileio import Path as Path
+from ._core._fileio import open_file as open_file
+from ._core._fileio import wrap_file as wrap_file
+from ._core._resources import aclose_forcefully as aclose_forcefully
+from ._core._signals import open_signal_receiver as open_signal_receiver
+from ._core._sockets import TCPConnectable as TCPConnectable
+from ._core._sockets import UNIXConnectable as UNIXConnectable
+from ._core._sockets import as_connectable as as_connectable
+from ._core._sockets import connect_tcp as connect_tcp
+from ._core._sockets import connect_unix as connect_unix
+from ._core._sockets import create_connected_udp_socket as create_connected_udp_socket
+from ._core._sockets import (
+    create_connected_unix_datagram_socket as create_connected_unix_datagram_socket,
+)
+from ._core._sockets import create_tcp_listener as create_tcp_listener
+from ._core._sockets import create_udp_socket as create_udp_socket
+from ._core._sockets import create_unix_datagram_socket as create_unix_datagram_socket
+from ._core._sockets import create_unix_listener as create_unix_listener
+from ._core._sockets import getaddrinfo as getaddrinfo
+from ._core._sockets import getnameinfo as getnameinfo
+from ._core._sockets import notify_closing as notify_closing
+from ._core._sockets import wait_readable as wait_readable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_readable as wait_socket_readable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_socket_writable as wait_socket_writable
+from ._core._sockets import wait_writable as wait_writable
+from ._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream as create_memory_object_stream
+from ._core._subprocesses import open_process as open_process
+from ._core._subprocesses import run_process as run_process
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter
+from ._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics as CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+)
+from ._core._synchronization import Condition as Condition
+from ._core._synchronization import ConditionStatistics as ConditionStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import Event as Event
+from ._core._synchronization import EventStatistics as EventStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock as Lock
+from ._core._synchronization import LockStatistics as LockStatistics
+from ._core._synchronization import ResourceGuard as ResourceGuard
+from ._core._synchronization import Semaphore as Semaphore
+from ._core._synchronization import SemaphoreStatistics as SemaphoreStatistics
+from ._core._tasks import TASK_STATUS_IGNORED as TASK_STATUS_IGNORED
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ._core._tasks import TaskHandle as TaskHandle
+from ._core._tasks import create_task_group as create_task_group
+from ._core._tasks import current_effective_deadline as current_effective_deadline
+from ._core._tasks import fail_after as fail_after
+from ._core._tasks import move_on_after as move_on_after
+from ._core._tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile as NamedTemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile as SpooledTemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryDirectory as TemporaryDirectory
+from ._core._tempfile import TemporaryFile as TemporaryFile
+from ._core._tempfile import gettempdir as gettempdir
+from ._core._tempfile import gettempdirb as gettempdirb
+from ._core._tempfile import mkdtemp as mkdtemp
+from ._core._tempfile import mkstemp as mkstemp
+from ._core._testing import TaskInfo as TaskInfo
+from ._core._testing import get_current_task as get_current_task
+from ._core._testing import get_running_tasks as get_running_tasks
+from ._core._testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked as wait_all_tasks_blocked
+from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider as TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet as TypedAttributeSet
+from ._core._typedattr import typed_attribute as typed_attribute
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+
+del __value
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr: str) -> type[BrokenWorkerInterpreter]:
+    """Support deprecated aliases."""
+    if attr == "BrokenWorkerIntepreter":
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The 'BrokenWorkerIntepreter' alias is deprecated, use 'BrokenWorkerInterpreter' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {attr!r}")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__init__.py
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index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__pycache__/_trio.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/__pycache__/_trio.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a51a150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3073 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import contextvars
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+import weakref
+from asyncio import (
+    AbstractEventLoop,
+    CancelledError,
+    all_tasks,
+    create_task,
+    current_task,
+    get_running_loop,
+    sleep,
+)
+from asyncio.base_events import _run_until_complete_cb  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextvars import Context, copy_context
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from inspect import (
+    CORO_RUNNING,
+    CORO_SUSPENDED,
+    getcoroutinestate,
+)
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from queue import Queue
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from threading import Thread
+from types import CodeType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    TaskInfo,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import (
+    claim_worker_thread,
+    set_current_async_library,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from .._core._tasks import TaskHandle
+from ..abc import (
+    AsyncBackend,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    UDPPacketType,
+    UNIXDatagramPacketType,
+)
+from ..abc._eventloop import StrOrBytesPath
+from ..abc._tasks import call_for_coroutine, get_callable_name
+from ..lowlevel import RunVar
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from asyncio import Runner
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    import contextvars
+    import enum
+    import signal
+    from asyncio import coroutines, events, exceptions, tasks
+
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+    class _State(enum.Enum):
+        CREATED = "created"
+        INITIALIZED = "initialized"
+        CLOSED = "closed"
+
+    class Runner:
+        # Copied from CPython 3.11
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            *,
+            debug: bool | None = None,
+            loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+        ):
+            self._state = _State.CREATED
+            self._debug = debug
+            self._loop_factory = loop_factory
+            self._loop: AbstractEventLoop | None = None
+            self._context = None
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            self._set_event_loop = False
+
+        def __enter__(self) -> Runner:
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(
+            self,
+            exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+            exc_val: BaseException | None,
+            exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+        ) -> None:
+            self.close()
+
+        def close(self) -> None:
+            """Shutdown and close event loop."""
+            loop = self._loop
+            if self._state is not _State.INITIALIZED or loop is None:
+                return
+            try:
+                _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                if hasattr(loop, "shutdown_default_executor"):
+                    loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+                else:
+                    loop.run_until_complete(_shutdown_default_executor(loop))
+            finally:
+                if self._set_event_loop:
+                    events.set_event_loop(None)
+                loop.close()
+                self._loop = None
+                self._state = _State.CLOSED
+
+        def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+            """Return embedded event loop."""
+            self._lazy_init()
+            return self._loop
+
+        def run(self, coro: Coroutine[T_Retval], *, context=None) -> T_Retval:
+            """Run a coroutine inside the embedded event loop."""
+            if not coroutines.iscoroutine(coro):
+                raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {coro!r}")
+
+            if events._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                # fail fast with short traceback
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Runner.run() cannot be called from a running event loop"
+                )
+
+            self._lazy_init()
+
+            if context is None:
+                context = self._context
+            task = context.run(self._loop.create_task, coro)
+
+            if (
+                threading.current_thread() is threading.main_thread()
+                and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is signal.default_int_handler
+            ):
+                sigint_handler = partial(self._on_sigint, main_task=task)
+                try:
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # `signal.signal` may throw if `threading.main_thread` does
+                    # not support signals (e.g. embedded interpreter with signals
+                    # not registered - see gh-91880)
+                    sigint_handler = None
+            else:
+                sigint_handler = None
+
+            self._interrupt_count = 0
+            try:
+                return self._loop.run_until_complete(task)
+            except exceptions.CancelledError:
+                if self._interrupt_count > 0:
+                    uncancel = getattr(task, "uncancel", None)
+                    if uncancel is not None and uncancel() == 0:
+                        raise KeyboardInterrupt  # noqa: B904
+                raise  # CancelledError
+            finally:
+                if (
+                    sigint_handler is not None
+                    and signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) is sigint_handler
+                ):
+                    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.default_int_handler)
+
+        def _lazy_init(self) -> None:
+            if self._state is _State.CLOSED:
+                raise RuntimeError("Runner is closed")
+            if self._state is _State.INITIALIZED:
+                return
+            if self._loop_factory is None:
+                self._loop = events.new_event_loop()
+                if not self._set_event_loop:
+                    # Call set_event_loop only once to avoid calling
+                    # attach_loop multiple times on child watchers
+                    events.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+                    self._set_event_loop = True
+            else:
+                self._loop = self._loop_factory()
+            if self._debug is not None:
+                self._loop.set_debug(self._debug)
+            self._context = contextvars.copy_context()
+            self._state = _State.INITIALIZED
+
+        def _on_sigint(self, signum, frame, main_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            self._interrupt_count += 1
+            if self._interrupt_count == 1 and not main_task.done():
+                main_task.cancel()
+                # wakeup loop if it is blocked by select() with long timeout
+                self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(lambda: None)
+                return
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        to_cancel = tasks.all_tasks(loop)
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(tasks.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler(
+                    {
+                        "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown",
+                        "exception": task.exception(),
+                        "task": task,
+                    }
+                )
+
+    async def _shutdown_default_executor(loop: AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor."""
+
+        def _do_shutdown(future: asyncio.futures.Future) -> None:
+            try:
+                loop._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex)
+
+        loop._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        if loop._default_executor is None:
+            return
+        future = loop.create_future()
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=_do_shutdown, args=(future,))
+        thread.start()
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            thread.join()
+
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+_root_task: RunVar[asyncio.Task | None] = RunVar("_root_task")
+
+
+def find_root_task() -> asyncio.Task:
+    root_task = _root_task.get(None)
+    if root_task is not None and not root_task.done():
+        return root_task
+
+    # Look for a task that has been started via run_until_complete()
+    for task in all_tasks():
+        if task._callbacks and not task.done():
+            callbacks = [cb for cb, context in task._callbacks]
+            for cb in callbacks:
+                if (
+                    cb is _run_until_complete_cb
+                    or getattr(cb, "__module__", None) == "uvloop.loop"
+                ):
+                    _root_task.set(task)
+                    return task
+
+    # Look up the topmost task in the AnyIO task tree, if possible
+    task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+    state = _task_states.get(task)
+    if state:
+        cancel_scope = state.cancel_scope
+        while cancel_scope and cancel_scope._parent_scope is not None:
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        if cancel_scope is not None:
+            return cast(asyncio.Task, cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+    return task
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Any] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+def _task_started(task: asyncio.Task) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` if the task has been started and has not finished."""
+    # The task coro should never be None here, as we never add finished tasks to the
+    # task list
+    coro = task.get_coro()
+    assert coro is not None
+    return getcoroutinestate(coro) in (CORO_RUNNING, CORO_SUSPENDED)
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+def is_anyio_cancellation(exc: CancelledError) -> bool:
+    # Sometimes third party frameworks catch a CancelledError and raise a new one, so as
+    # a workaround we have to look at the previous ones in __context__ too for a
+    # matching cancel message
+    while True:
+        if (
+            exc.args
+            and isinstance(exc.args[0], str)
+            and exc.args[0].startswith("Cancelled via cancel scope ")
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if isinstance(exc.__context__, CancelledError):
+            exc = exc.__context__
+            continue
+
+        return False
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_active",
+        "_cancel_called",
+        "_cancel_handle",
+        "_cancel_reason",
+        "_cancelled_caught",
+        "_child_scopes",
+        "_deadline",
+        "_host_task",
+        "_parent_scope",
+        "_pending_uncancellations",
+        "_shield",
+        "_tasks",
+        "_timeout_handle",
+    )
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False):
+        self._deadline = deadline
+        self._shield = shield
+        self._parent_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+        self._child_scopes: set[CancelScope] = set()
+        self._cancel_called = False
+        self._cancel_reason: str | None = None
+        self._cancelled_caught = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._timeout_handle: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None
+        self._cancel_handle: asyncio.Handle | None = None
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._host_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            self._pending_uncancellations: int | None = 0
+        else:
+            self._pending_uncancellations = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        if self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Each CancelScope may only be used for a single 'with' block"
+            )
+
+        self._host_task = host_task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        self._tasks.add(host_task)
+        try:
+            task_state = _task_states[host_task]
+        except KeyError:
+            task_state = TaskState(None, self)
+            _task_states[host_task] = task_state
+        else:
+            self._parent_scope = task_state.cancel_scope
+            task_state.cancel_scope = self
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                # If using an eager task factory, the parent scope may not even contain
+                # the host task
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.add(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.discard(host_task)
+
+        self._timeout()
+        self._active = True
+
+        # Start cancelling the host task if the scope was cancelled before entering
+        if self._cancel_called:
+            self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        del exc_tb
+
+        if not self._active:
+            raise RuntimeError("This cancel scope is not active")
+        if current_task() is not self._host_task:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit cancel scope in a different task than it was "
+                "entered in"
+            )
+
+        assert self._host_task is not None
+        host_task_state = _task_states.get(self._host_task)
+        if host_task_state is None or host_task_state.cancel_scope is not self:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to exit a cancel scope that isn't the current tasks's "
+                "current cancel scope"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            self._active = False
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._tasks.remove(self._host_task)
+            if self._parent_scope is not None:
+                self._parent_scope._child_scopes.remove(self)
+                self._parent_scope._tasks.add(self._host_task)
+
+            host_task_state.cancel_scope = self._parent_scope
+
+            # Restart the cancellation effort in the closest visible, cancelled parent
+            # scope if necessary
+            self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+            # We only swallow the exception iff it was an AnyIO CancelledError, either
+            # directly as exc_val or inside an exception group and there are no cancelled
+            # parent cancel scopes visible to us here
+            if self._cancel_called and not self._parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us:
+                # For each level-cancel() call made on the host task, call uncancel()
+                while self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    self._host_task.uncancel()
+                    self._pending_uncancellations -= 1
+
+                # Update cancelled_caught and check for exceptions we must not swallow
+                if isinstance(exc_val, BaseExceptionGroup):
+                    cancelleds_caught, remaining = exc_val.split(
+                        lambda exc: (
+                            isinstance(exc, CancelledError)
+                            and is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                    if cancelleds_caught is None:
+                        return False
+
+                    self._cancelled_caught = True
+
+                    if remaining is None:
+                        return True
+
+                    context = remaining.__context__
+                    try:
+                        # Preserve __cause__ and __suppress_context__ by avoiding `raise
+                        # ... from ...`
+                        raise remaining
+                    finally:
+                        # Preserve __context__
+                        remaining.__context__ = context
+                        del context
+                else:
+                    if isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError) and is_anyio_cancellation(
+                        exc_val
+                    ):
+                        self._cancelled_caught = True
+                        return True
+                    else:
+                        return False
+            else:
+                if self._pending_uncancellations:
+                    assert self._parent_scope is not None
+                    assert self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    self._parent_scope._pending_uncancellations += (
+                        self._pending_uncancellations
+                    )
+                    self._pending_uncancellations = 0
+
+                return False
+        finally:
+            self._host_task = None
+            del exc_val
+
+    @property
+    def _effectively_cancelled(self) -> bool:
+        cancel_scope: CancelScope | None = self
+        while cancel_scope is not None:
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                return True
+
+            if cancel_scope.shield:
+                return False
+
+            cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _parent_cancellation_is_visible_to_us(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._parent_scope is not None
+            and not self.shield
+            and self._parent_scope._effectively_cancelled
+        )
+
+    def _timeout(self) -> None:
+        if self._deadline != math.inf:
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            if loop.time() >= self._deadline:
+                self.cancel("deadline exceeded")
+            else:
+                self._timeout_handle = loop.call_at(self._deadline, self._timeout)
+
+    def _deliver_cancellation(self, origin: CancelScope) -> bool:
+        """
+        Deliver cancellation to directly contained tasks and nested cancel scopes.
+
+        Schedule another run at the end if we still have tasks eligible for
+        cancellation.
+
+        :param origin: the cancel scope that originated the cancellation
+        :return: ``True`` if the delivery needs to be retried on the next cycle
+
+        """
+        should_retry = False
+        current = current_task()
+        for task in self._tasks:
+            should_retry = True
+            if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                continue
+
+            # The task is eligible for cancellation if it has started
+            if task is not current and (task is self._host_task or _task_started(task)):
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if not isinstance(waiter, asyncio.Future) or not waiter.done():
+                    task.cancel(origin._cancel_reason)
+                    if (
+                        task is origin._host_task
+                        and origin._pending_uncancellations is not None
+                    ):
+                        origin._pending_uncancellations += 1
+
+        # Deliver cancellation to child scopes that aren't shielded or running their own
+        # cancellation callbacks
+        for scope in self._child_scopes:
+            if not scope._shield and not scope.cancel_called:
+                should_retry = scope._deliver_cancellation(origin) or should_retry
+
+        # Schedule another callback if there are still tasks left
+        if origin is self:
+            if should_retry:
+                self._cancel_handle = get_running_loop().call_soon(
+                    self._deliver_cancellation, origin
+                )
+            else:
+                self._cancel_handle = None
+
+        return should_retry
+
+    def _restart_cancellation_in_parent(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Restart the cancellation effort in the closest directly cancelled parent scope.
+
+        """
+        scope = self._parent_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope._cancel_called:
+                if scope._cancel_handle is None:
+                    scope._deliver_cancellation(scope)
+
+                break
+
+            # No point in looking beyond any shielded scope
+            if scope._shield:
+                break
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._cancel_called:
+            if self._timeout_handle:
+                self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+                self._timeout_handle = None
+
+            self._cancel_called = True
+            self._cancel_reason = f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(self):x}"
+            if task := current_task():
+                self._cancel_reason += f" by {task}"
+
+            if reason:
+                self._cancel_reason += f"; reason: {reason}"
+
+            if self._host_task is not None:
+                self._deliver_cancellation(self)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self._deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self._deadline = float(value)
+        if self._timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._timeout_handle = None
+
+        if self._active and not self._cancel_called:
+            self._timeout()
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self._cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self._shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        if self._shield != value:
+            self._shield = value
+            if not value:
+                self._restart_cancellation_in_parent()
+
+
+#
+# Task states
+#
+
+
+class TaskState:
+    """
+    Encapsulates auxiliary task information that cannot be added to the Task instance
+    itself because there are no guarantees about its implementation.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "parent_id", "cancel_scope", "__weakref__"
+
+    def __init__(self, parent_id: int | None, cancel_scope: CancelScope | None):
+        self.parent_id = parent_id
+        self.cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+
+
+_task_states: WeakKeyDictionary[asyncio.Task, TaskState] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+
+class _AsyncioTaskStatus(abc.TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: asyncio.Future, parent_id: int):
+        self._future = future
+        self._parent_id = parent_id
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._future.set_result(value)
+        except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+            if not self._future.cancelled():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "called 'started' twice on the same task status"
+                ) from None
+
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        _task_states[task].parent_id = self._parent_id
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    _eager_task_factory_code: CodeType | None = asyncio.eager_task_factory.__code__
+else:
+    _eager_task_factory_code = None
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.cancel_scope: CancelScope = CancelScope()
+        self._entered = False
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._tasks: set[asyncio.Task] = set()
+        self._on_completed_fut: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        if self._entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("TaskGroup cannot be entered more than once")
+
+        self._entered = True
+
+        self.cancel_scope.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            if exc_val is not None:
+                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                if not isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError):
+                    self._exceptions.append(exc_val)
+
+            loop = get_running_loop()
+            try:
+                if self._tasks:
+                    with CancelScope() as wait_scope:
+                        while self._tasks:
+                            self._on_completed_fut = loop.create_future()
+
+                            try:
+                                await self._on_completed_fut
+                            except CancelledError as exc:
+                                # Shield the scope against further cancellation attempts,
+                                # as they're not productive (#695)
+                                wait_scope.shield = True
+                                self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                                # Set exc_val from the cancellation exception if it was
+                                # previously unset. However, we should not replace a native
+                                # cancellation exception with one raise by a cancel scope.
+                                if exc_val is None or (
+                                    isinstance(exc_val, CancelledError)
+                                    and not is_anyio_cancellation(exc)
+                                ):
+                                    exc_val = exc
+
+                            self._on_completed_fut = None
+                else:
+                    # If there are no child tasks to wait on, run at least one checkpoint
+                    # anyway
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+                if self._exceptions:
+                    # The exception that got us here should already have been
+                    # added to self._exceptions so it's ok to break exception
+                    # chaining and avoid adding a "During handling of above..."
+                    # for each nesting level.
+                    raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                        "unhandled errors in a TaskGroup", self._exceptions
+                    ) from None
+                elif exc_val:
+                    raise exc_val
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if self.cancel_scope.__exit__(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__):
+                    return True
+
+                raise
+
+            return self.cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb, self._exceptions
+
+    def _spawn(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        name: object,
+        task_status_future: asyncio.Future | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        def task_done(_task: asyncio.Task) -> None:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+                asyncio.future_discard_from_awaited_by(
+                    _task, self.cancel_scope._host_task
+                )
+
+            task_state = _task_states[_task]
+            assert task_state.cancel_scope is not None
+            assert _task in task_state.cancel_scope._tasks
+            task_state.cancel_scope._tasks.remove(_task)
+            self._tasks.remove(task)
+            del _task_states[_task]
+
+            if self._on_completed_fut is not None and not self._tasks:
+                try:
+                    self._on_completed_fut.set_result(None)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+            try:
+                exc = _task.exception()
+            except CancelledError as e:
+                while isinstance(e.__context__, CancelledError):
+                    e = e.__context__
+
+                exc = e
+
+            if exc is not None:
+                # The future can only be in the cancelled state if the host task was
+                # cancelled, so return immediately instead of adding one more
+                # CancelledError to the exceptions list
+                if task_status_future is not None and task_status_future.cancelled():
+                    return
+
+                if task_status_future is None or task_status_future.done():
+                    if not isinstance(exc, CancelledError):
+                        self._exceptions.append(exc)
+
+                    if not self.cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled:
+                        self.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                else:
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+            elif task_status_future is not None and not task_status_future.done():
+                task_status_future.set_exception(
+                    RuntimeError("Child exited without calling task_status.started()")
+                )
+
+        if task_status_future:
+            parent_id = id(current_task())
+        else:
+            parent_id = id(self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        wrapper_coro = handle._run_coro()
+        if (
+            (factory := loop.get_task_factory())
+            and getattr(factory, "__code__", None) is _eager_task_factory_code
+            and (closure := getattr(factory, "__closure__", None))
+        ):
+            custom_task_constructor = closure[0].cell_contents
+            task = custom_task_constructor(wrapper_coro, loop=loop, name=handle.name)
+        else:
+            task = loop.create_task(wrapper_coro, name=handle.name)
+
+        # Make the spawned task inherit the task group's cancel scope
+        _task_states[task] = TaskState(
+            parent_id=parent_id, cancel_scope=self.cancel_scope
+        )
+        self.cancel_scope._tasks.add(task)
+        self._tasks.add(task)
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and self.cancel_scope._host_task is not None:
+            asyncio.future_add_to_awaited_by(task, self.cancel_scope._host_task)
+
+        task.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        return handle
+
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+            raise TypeError(f"expected a coroutine, got {coro.__class__.__qualname__}")
+
+        if not self._entered or not self.cancel_scope._active:
+            coro.close()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        if context is not None:
+            return context.run(self._spawn, coro, name=name)
+        else:
+            return self._spawn(coro, name=name)
+
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if not self._entered or not self.cancel_scope._active:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+        future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        task_status = _AsyncioTaskStatus(future, id(self.cancel_scope._host_task))
+        coro = call_for_coroutine(func, args, task_status=task_status)
+        handle = self._spawn(coro, final_name, future)
+
+        # If the task raises an exception after sending a start value without a switch
+        # point between, the task group is cancelled and this method never proceeds to
+        # process the completed future. That's why we have to have a shielded cancel
+        # scope here.
+        try:
+            await future
+        except BaseException:
+            if handle.status is TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                # Cancel the task and wait for it to exit before returning
+                handle.cancel()
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await handle.wait()
+
+            raise
+
+        if return_handle:
+            handle._start_value = future.result()
+            return handle
+        else:
+            return future.result()
+
+
+#
+# Threads
+#
+
+_Retval_Queue_Type = tuple[T_Retval | None, BaseException | None]
+
+
+class WorkerThread(Thread):
+    MAX_IDLE_TIME = 10  # seconds
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root_task: asyncio.Task,
+        workers: set[WorkerThread],
+        idle_workers: deque[WorkerThread],
+    ):
+        super().__init__(name="AnyIO worker thread")
+        self.root_task = root_task
+        self.workers = workers
+        self.idle_workers = idle_workers
+        self.loop = root_task._loop
+        self.queue: Queue[
+            tuple[Context, Callable, tuple, asyncio.Future, CancelScope] | None
+        ] = Queue(2)
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        self.stopping = False
+
+    def _report_result(
+        self, future: asyncio.Future, result: Any, exc: BaseException | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.idle_since = AsyncIOBackend.current_time()
+        if not self.stopping:
+            self.idle_workers.append(self)
+
+        if not future.cancelled():
+            if exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(exc, StopIteration):
+                    new_exc = RuntimeError("coroutine raised StopIteration")
+                    new_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                    exc = new_exc
+
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+            else:
+                future.set_result(result)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        with claim_worker_thread(AsyncIOBackend, self.loop):
+            while True:
+                item = self.queue.get()
+                if item is None:
+                    # Shutdown command received
+                    return
+
+                context, func, args, future, cancel_scope = item
+                if not future.cancelled():
+                    result = None
+                    exception: BaseException | None = None
+                    threadlocals.current_cancel_scope = cancel_scope
+                    try:
+                        result = context.run(func, *args)
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+                    finally:
+                        del threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+
+                    if not self.loop.is_closed():
+                        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(
+                            self._report_result, future, result, exception
+                        )
+
+                    del result, exception
+
+                self.queue.task_done()
+                del item, context, func, args, future, cancel_scope
+
+    def stop(self, f: asyncio.Task | None = None) -> None:
+        self.stopping = True
+        self.queue.put_nowait(None)
+        self.workers.discard(self)
+        try:
+            self.idle_workers.remove(self)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+
+_threadpool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[WorkerThread]] = RunVar(
+    "_threadpool_idle_workers"
+)
+_threadpool_workers: RunVar[set[WorkerThread]] = RunVar("_threadpool_workers")
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamReaderWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamReader
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._stream.read(max_bytes)
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.set_exception(ClosedResourceError())
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StreamWriterWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: asyncio.StreamWriter
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        stream_paused = self._stream._protocol._paused  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(item)
+            await self._stream.drain()
+        except (ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError, RuntimeError) as exc:
+            # If closed by us and/or the peer:
+            # * on stdlib, drain() raises ConnectionResetError or BrokenPipeError
+            # * on uvloop and Winloop, write() eventually starts raising RuntimeError
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+            elif self._stream.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+            raise
+
+        if not stream_paused:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self._stream.close()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: asyncio.subprocess.Process
+    _stdin: StreamWriterWrapper | None
+    _stdout: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+    _stderr: StreamReaderWrapper | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True) as scope:
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+            scope.shield = False
+            try:
+                await self.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                scope.shield = True
+                self.kill()
+                await self.wait()
+                raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+def _forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(
+    workers: set[Process], _task: object
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Forcibly shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop."""
+    child_watcher: asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher | None = None  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        try:
+            child_watcher = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_child_watcher()
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
+
+    # Close as much as possible (w/o async/await) to avoid warnings
+    for process in workers.copy():
+        if process.returncode is not None:
+            continue
+
+        process._stdin._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stdout._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process._stderr._stream._transport.close()  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        process.kill()
+        if child_watcher:
+            child_watcher.remove_child_handler(process.pid)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    """
+    Shuts down worker processes belonging to this event loop.
+
+    NOTE: this only works when the event loop was started using asyncio.run() or
+    anyio.run().
+
+    """
+    process: abc.Process
+    try:
+        await sleep(math.inf)
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        workers = workers.copy()
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        for process in workers:
+            await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class StreamProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    read_queue: deque[bytes]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+    is_at_eof: bool = False
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque()
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        cast(asyncio.Transport, transport).set_write_buffer_limits(0)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        if exc:
+            self.exception = exc
+
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        # ProactorEventloop sometimes sends bytearray instead of bytes
+        self.read_queue.append(bytes(data))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> bool | None:
+        self.is_at_eof = True
+        self.read_event.set()
+        return True
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class DatagramProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
+    read_queue: deque[tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]]
+    read_event: asyncio.Event
+    write_event: asyncio.Event
+    closed_event: asyncio.Event
+    exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.read_queue = deque(maxlen=100)  # arbitrary value
+        self.read_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.closed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.read_event.set()
+        self.write_event.set()
+        self.closed_event.set()
+
+    def datagram_received(self, data: bytes, addr: IPSockAddrType) -> None:
+        addr = convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+        self.read_queue.append((data, addr))
+        self.read_event.set()
+
+    def error_received(self, exc: Exception) -> None:
+        self.exception = exc
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.clear()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        self.write_event.set()
+
+
+class SocketStream(abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport, protocol: StreamProtocol):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            if (
+                not self._protocol.read_event.is_set()
+                and not self._transport.is_closing()
+                and not self._protocol.is_at_eof
+            ):
+                self._transport.resume_reading()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+                self._transport.pause_reading()
+            else:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            try:
+                chunk = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                elif self._protocol.exception:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+                else:
+                    raise EndOfStream from None
+
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Split the oversized chunk
+                chunk, leftover = chunk[:max_bytes], chunk[max_bytes:]
+                self._protocol.read_queue.appendleft(leftover)
+
+            # If the read queue is empty, clear the flag so that the next call will
+            # block until data is available
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue:
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+
+        return chunk
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._protocol.exception is not None:
+                raise BrokenResourceError from self._protocol.exception
+
+            try:
+                self._transport.write(item)
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                if self._transport.is_closing():
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._transport.write_eof()
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            try:
+                self._transport.write_eof()
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            await sleep(0)
+            self._transport.abort()
+
+
+class _RawSocketMixin:
+    _receive_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _send_future: asyncio.Future | None = None
+    _closing = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    def _wait_until_readable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._receive_future
+            loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._receive_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    def _wait_until_writable(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> asyncio.Future:
+        def callback(f: object) -> None:
+            del self._send_future
+            loop.remove_writer(self.__raw_socket)
+
+        f = self._send_future = asyncio.Future()
+        loop.add_writer(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+        f.add_done_callback(callback)
+        return f
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = True
+            if self.__raw_socket.fileno() != -1:
+                self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+            if self._receive_future:
+                self._receive_future.set_result(None)
+            if self._send_future:
+                self._send_future.set_result(None)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            self._raw_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not data:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = self._raw_socket.send(view)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = self._raw_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # The ignore can be removed after mypy picks up
+                    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/5545
+                    self._raw_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message], [(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SCM_RIGHTS, fdarray)]
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    _accept_scope: CancelScope | None = None
+    _closed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = cast(asyncio.BaseEventLoop, get_running_loop())
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            with CancelScope() as self._accept_scope:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _addr = await self._loop.sock_accept(self._raw_socket)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+                    try:
+                        self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+                    except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                        pass
+
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+
+                    raise
+                finally:
+                    self._accept_scope = None
+
+        client_sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        transport, protocol = await self._loop.connect_accepted_socket(
+            StreamProtocol, client_sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = True
+        if self._accept_scope:
+            # Workaround for https://bugs.python.org/issue41317
+            try:
+                self._loop.remove_reader(self._raw_socket)
+            except (ValueError, NotImplementedError):
+                pass
+
+            self._accept_scope.cancel()
+            await sleep(0)
+
+        self._raw_socket.close()
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        self.__raw_socket = raw_socket
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def accept(self) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    client_sock, _ = self.__raw_socket.accept()
+                    client_sock.setblocking(False)
+                    return UNIXSocketStream(client_sock)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    self._loop.add_reader(self.__raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(
+                        lambda _: self._loop.remove_reader(self.__raw_socket)
+                    )
+                    await f
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closed:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        self.__raw_socket.close()
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self.__raw_socket
+
+
+class UDPSocket(abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+        await self._protocol.closed_event.wait()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                return self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(*item)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(
+        self, transport: asyncio.DatagramTransport, protocol: DatagramProtocol
+    ):
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+        self._closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+        if not self._transport.is_closing():
+            self._transport.close()
+
+        await self._protocol.closed_event.wait()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+
+            # If the buffer is empty, ask for more data
+            if not self._protocol.read_queue and not self._transport.is_closing():
+                self._protocol.read_event.clear()
+                await self._protocol.read_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                packet = self._protocol.read_queue.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                else:
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+            return packet[0]
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+            await self._protocol.write_event.wait()
+            if self._closed:
+                raise ClosedResourceError
+            elif self._transport.is_closing():
+                raise BrokenResourceError
+            else:
+                self._transport.sendto(item)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.sendto(*item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(_RawSocketMixin, abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket):
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    data = self._raw_socket.recv(65536)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_readable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    self._raw_socket.send(item)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    await self._wait_until_writable(loop)
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if self._closing:
+                        raise ClosedResourceError from None
+                    else:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    return
+
+
+_read_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("read_events")
+_write_events: RunVar[dict[int, asyncio.Future[bool]]] = RunVar("write_events")
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    __slots__ = ("_event",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self._event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_set():
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        else:
+            await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        return EventStatistics(len(self._event._waiters))
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    __slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "_owner_task", "_waiters"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._owner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+        self._waiters: deque[tuple[asyncio.Task, asyncio.Future]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._owner_task = task
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task == task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        item = task, fut
+        self._waiters.append(item)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                try:
+                    self._waiters.remove(item)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+        if self._owner_task is None and not self._waiters:
+            self._owner_task = task
+            return
+
+        if self._owner_task is task:
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self._owner_task is not None
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding this lock")
+
+        # A cancelled waiter that already received ownership removes itself from
+        # _waiters before calling release(); any cancelled waiter still queued here
+        # was cancelled before being woken, so drop it.
+        while self._waiters:
+            task, fut = self._waiters.popleft()
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                continue
+
+            self._owner_task = task
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            return
+
+        self._owner_task = None
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        task_info = AsyncIOTaskInfo(self._owner_task) if self._owner_task else None
+        return LockStatistics(self.locked(), task_info, len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    __slots__ = "_value", "_max_value", "_fast_acquire", "_waiters"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+        self._value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self._waiters: deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = deque()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if self._value > 0 and not self._waiters:
+            await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._value -= 1
+
+            # Unless on the "fast path", yield control of the event loop so that other
+            # tasks can run too
+            if not self._fast_acquire:
+                try:
+                    await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+                except CancelledError:
+                    self.release()
+                    raise
+
+            return
+
+        fut: asyncio.Future[None] = asyncio.Future()
+        self._waiters.append(fut)
+        try:
+            await fut
+        except CancelledError:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                try:
+                    self._waiters.remove(fut)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.release()
+
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        if self._value == 0:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._value -= 1
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._max_value is not None and self._value == self._max_value:
+            raise ValueError("semaphore released too many times")
+
+        while self._waiters:
+            fut = self._waiters.popleft()
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                continue
+
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            return
+
+        self._value += 1
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self._value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(len(self._waiters))
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = "_total_tokens", "_borrowers", "_wait_queue"
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float):
+        self._total_tokens: float = 0
+        self._borrowers: set[Any] = set()
+        self._wait_queue: OrderedDict[Any, asyncio.Event] = OrderedDict()
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and not math.isinf(value):
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+
+        if value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 0")
+
+        waiters_to_notify = max(value - self._total_tokens, 0)
+        self._total_tokens = value
+
+        # Notify waiting tasks that they have acquired the limiter
+        while self._wait_queue and waiters_to_notify:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+            waiters_to_notify -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._borrowers)
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self._total_tokens - len(self._borrowers)
+
+    def _notify_next_waiter(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the next task in line if this limiter has free capacity now."""
+        if self._wait_queue and len(self._borrowers) < self._total_tokens:
+            event = self._wait_queue.popitem(last=False)[1]
+            event.set()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(current_task())
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        if borrower in self._borrowers:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower is already holding one of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            )
+
+        if self._wait_queue or len(self._borrowers) >= self._total_tokens:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+        self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        return await self.acquire_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            event = asyncio.Event()
+            self._wait_queue[borrower] = event
+            try:
+                await event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._wait_queue.pop(borrower, None)
+                if event.is_set():
+                    self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+                raise
+
+            self._borrowers.add(borrower)
+        else:
+            try:
+                await AsyncIOBackend.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            except BaseException:
+                self.release()
+                raise
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.release_on_behalf_of(current_task())
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._borrowers.remove(borrower)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "this borrower isn't holding any of this CapacityLimiter's tokens"
+            ) from None
+
+        self._notify_next_waiter()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            self.borrowed_tokens,
+            self.total_tokens,
+            tuple(self._borrowers),
+            len(self._wait_queue),
+        )
+
+
+_default_thread_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_thread_limiter")
+
+
+#
+# Operating system signals
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+        self._loop = get_running_loop()
+        self._signal_queue: deque[Signals] = deque()
+        self._future: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+        self._handled_signals: set[Signals] = set()
+
+    def _deliver(self, signum: Signals) -> None:
+        self._signal_queue.append(signum)
+        if not self._future.done():
+            self._future.set_result(None)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        for sig in set(self._signals):
+            self._loop.add_signal_handler(sig, self._deliver, sig)
+            self._handled_signals.add(sig)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        for sig in self._handled_signals:
+            self._loop.remove_signal_handler(sig)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        await AsyncIOBackend.checkpoint()
+        if not self._signal_queue:
+            self._future = asyncio.Future()
+            await self._future
+
+        return self._signal_queue.popleft()
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class AsyncIOTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: asyncio.Task):
+        task_state = _task_states.get(task)
+        if task_state is None:
+            parent_id = None
+        else:
+            parent_id = task_state.parent_id
+
+        coro = task.get_coro()
+        assert coro is not None, "created TaskInfo from a completed Task"
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.get_name(), coro)
+        self._task = weakref.ref(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        if not (task := self._task()):
+            # If the task isn't around anymore, it won't have a pending cancellation
+            return False
+
+        if task._must_cancel:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            return True
+        elif (
+            isinstance(task._fut_waiter, asyncio.Future)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            and task._fut_waiter.cancelled()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        ):
+            return True
+
+        if task_state := _task_states.get(task):
+            if cancel_scope := task_state.cancel_scope:
+                return cancel_scope._effectively_cancelled
+
+        return False
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    _send_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future[Any]]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        debug: bool | None = None,
+        use_uvloop: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if use_uvloop and loop_factory is None:
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        self._runner = Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory)
+        self._exceptions: list[BaseException] = []
+        self._runner_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        self._runner.__enter__()
+        self.get_loop().set_exception_handler(self._exception_handler)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._runner.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> AbstractEventLoop:
+        return self._runner.get_loop()
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return True
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return False
+
+    def _exception_handler(
+        self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, context: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(context.get("exception"), Exception):
+            self._exceptions.append(context["exception"])
+        else:
+            loop.default_exception_handler(context)
+
+    def _raise_async_exceptions(self) -> None:
+        # Re-raise any exceptions raised in asynchronous callbacks
+        if self._exceptions:
+            exceptions, self._exceptions = self._exceptions, []
+            if len(exceptions) == 1:
+                raise exceptions[0]
+            elif exceptions:
+                raise BaseExceptionGroup(
+                    "Multiple exceptions occurred in asynchronous callbacks", exceptions
+                )
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(
+        self,
+        receive_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[T_Retval], asyncio.Future[T_Retval]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        from _pytest.outcomes import OutcomeException
+
+        with receive_stream, self._send_stream:
+            async for coro, future in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await coro
+                except CancelledError as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.cancel(*exc.args)
+
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_exception(exc)
+
+                    if not isinstance(exc, (Exception, OutcomeException)):
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    if not future.cancelled():
+                        future.set_result(retval)
+
+    async def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if not self._runner_task:
+            self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+                tuple[Awaitable[Any], asyncio.Future]
+            ](1)
+            self._runner_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures(receive_stream)
+            )
+
+        coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        future: asyncio.Future[T_Retval] = self.get_loop().create_future()
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((coro, future))
+        return await future
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+            )
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        else:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(asyncgen.aclose())
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        retval = self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+            self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+        )
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+        return retval
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.get_loop().run_until_complete(
+                self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._exceptions.append(exc)
+        except BaseException:
+            # A BaseException (e.g. KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit) interrupted the event loop before
+            # the test completed. Cancel _runner_task so it does not resume when the event
+            # loop is re-entered during async generator fixture teardown.
+            if self._runner_task is not None and not self._runner_task.done():
+                self._runner_task.cancel()
+                self._send_stream.close()
+                try:
+                    self.get_loop().run_until_complete(self._runner_task)
+                except CancelledError:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    self._runner_task = None
+            raise
+        self._raise_async_exceptions()
+
+
+class AsyncIOBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        async def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+            task.set_name(get_callable_name(func))
+            _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, None)
+
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            finally:
+                del _task_states[task]
+
+        debug = options.get("debug", None)
+        loop_factory = options.get("loop_factory", None)
+        if loop_factory is None and options.get("use_uvloop", False):
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                import uvloop
+
+                loop_factory = uvloop.new_event_loop
+            else:
+                import winloop
+
+                loop_factory = winloop.new_event_loop
+
+        with Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner:
+            return runner.run(wrapper())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return get_running_loop()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return get_running_loop().time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return CancelledError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        task = current_task()
+        if task is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return
+
+        while cancel_scope:
+            if cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                await sleep(0)
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        if (task := current_task()) is None:
+            return math.inf
+
+        try:
+            cancel_scope = _task_states[task].cancel_scope
+        except KeyError:
+            return math.inf
+
+        deadline = math.inf
+        while cancel_scope:
+            deadline = min(deadline, cancel_scope.deadline)
+            if cancel_scope._cancel_called:
+                deadline = -math.inf
+                break
+            elif cancel_scope.shield:
+                break
+            else:
+                cancel_scope = cancel_scope._parent_scope
+
+        return deadline
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> abc.Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> abc.CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(  # type: ignore[return]
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+
+        # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary
+        # variables
+        try:
+            idle_workers = _threadpool_idle_workers.get()
+            workers = _threadpool_workers.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            idle_workers = deque()
+            workers = set()
+            _threadpool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+            _threadpool_workers.set(workers)
+
+        async with limiter or cls.current_default_thread_limiter():
+            with CancelScope(shield=not abandon_on_cancel) as scope:
+                future = asyncio.Future[T_Retval]()
+                root_task = find_root_task()
+                if not idle_workers:
+                    worker = WorkerThread(root_task, workers, idle_workers)
+                    worker.start()
+                    workers.add(worker)
+                    root_task.add_done_callback(
+                        worker.stop, context=contextvars.Context()
+                    )
+                else:
+                    worker = idle_workers.pop()
+
+                    # Prune any other workers that have been idle for MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                    # seconds or longer
+                    now = cls.current_time()
+                    while idle_workers:
+                        if (
+                            now - idle_workers[0].idle_since
+                            < WorkerThread.MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                        ):
+                            break
+
+                        expired_worker = idle_workers.popleft()
+                        expired_worker.root_task.remove_done_callback(
+                            expired_worker.stop
+                        )
+                        expired_worker.stop()
+
+                context = copy_context()
+                context.run(set_current_async_library, None)
+                if abandon_on_cancel or scope._parent_scope is None:
+                    worker_scope = scope
+                else:
+                    worker_scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+                worker.queue.put_nowait((context, func, args, future, worker_scope))
+                return await future
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        scope: CancelScope | None = threadlocals.current_cancel_scope
+        while scope is not None:
+            if scope.cancel_called:
+                raise CancelledError(f"Cancelled via cancel scope {id(scope):x}")
+
+            if scope.shield:
+                return
+
+            scope = scope._parent_scope
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        async def task_wrapper() -> T_co:
+            __tracebackhide__ = True
+            if scope is not None:
+                task = cast(asyncio.Task, current_task())
+                _task_states[task] = TaskState(None, scope)
+                scope._tasks.add(task)
+            try:
+                return await func(*args)
+            except CancelledError as exc:
+                raise concurrent.futures.CancelledError(str(exc)) from None
+            finally:
+                if scope is not None:
+                    scope._tasks.discard(task)
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        context = copy_context()
+        context.run(set_current_async_library, "asyncio")
+        scope = getattr(threadlocals, "current_cancel_scope", None)
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_co] = context.run(
+            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe, task_wrapper(), loop=loop
+        )
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        @wraps(func)
+        def wrapper() -> None:
+            try:
+                set_current_async_library("asyncio")
+                f.set_result(func(*args))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                f.set_exception(exc)
+                if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                    raise
+
+        loop = cast(
+            "AbstractEventLoop", token or threadlocals.current_token.native_token
+        )
+        if loop.is_closed():
+            raise RunFinishedError
+
+        f: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(wrapper)
+        return f.result()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        if isinstance(command, PathLike):
+            command = os.fspath(command)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes)):
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
+                command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *command,
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = StreamWriterWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = StreamReaderWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        create_task(
+            _shutdown_process_pool_on_exit(workers),
+            name="AnyIO process pool shutdown task",
+        )
+        find_root_task().add_done_callback(
+            partial(_forcibly_shutdown_process_pool_on_exit, workers)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> abc.SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = cast(
+            tuple[asyncio.Transport, StreamProtocol],
+            await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+                StreamProtocol, host, port, local_addr=local_address
+            ),
+        )
+        transport.pause_reading()
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                raw_socket.connect(path)
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                await f
+            except BaseException:
+                raw_socket.close()
+                raise
+            else:
+                return UNIXSocketStream(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol,
+            local_addr=local_address,
+            remote_addr=remote_address,
+            family=family,
+            reuse_port=reuse_port,
+        )
+        if protocol.exception:
+            transport.close()
+            raise protocol.exception
+
+        if not remote_address:
+            return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+        else:
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(  # type: ignore[override]
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        if remote_path:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    raw_socket.connect(remote_path)
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    f: asyncio.Future = asyncio.Future()
+                    loop.add_writer(raw_socket, f.set_result, None)
+                    f.add_done_callback(lambda _: loop.remove_writer(raw_socket))
+                    await f
+                except BaseException:
+                    raw_socket.close()
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(raw_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await get_running_loop().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            read_events = {}
+            _read_events.set(read_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if read_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_reader(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_reader(fd, cb)
+            remove_reader = selector.remove_reader
+        else:
+            remove_reader = loop.remove_reader
+
+        read_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del read_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_reader(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            write_events = {}
+            _write_events.set(write_events)
+
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        if write_events.get(fd):
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to")
+
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+        fut: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def cb() -> None:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+            try:
+                fut.set_result(True)
+            except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            loop.add_writer(fd, cb)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+            selector = get_selector()
+            selector.add_writer(fd, cb)
+            remove_writer = selector.remove_writer
+        else:
+            remove_writer = loop.remove_writer
+
+        write_events[fd] = fut
+        try:
+            success = await fut
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del write_events[fd]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                remove_writer(fd)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        fd = obj if isinstance(obj, int) else obj.fileno()
+        loop = get_running_loop()
+
+        try:
+            write_events = _write_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = write_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_writer(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_writer(fd)
+
+        try:
+            read_events = _read_events.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            try:
+                fut = read_events.pop(fd)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fut.set_result(False)
+                except asyncio.InvalidStateError:
+                    pass
+
+                try:
+                    loop.remove_reader(fd)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    from anyio._core._asyncio_selector_thread import get_selector
+
+                    get_selector().remove_reader(fd)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketListener:
+        if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX") and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_connection(
+            StreamProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return SocketStream(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        return UNIXSocketStream(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return UDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        transport, protocol = await get_running_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+            DatagramProtocol, sock=sock
+        )
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(transport, protocol)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _default_thread_limiter.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(40)
+            _default_thread_limiter.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        return AsyncIOTaskInfo(current_task())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        return [AsyncIOTaskInfo(task) for task in all_tasks() if not task.done()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        await cls.checkpoint()
+        this_task = current_task()
+        while True:
+            for task in all_tasks():
+                if task is this_task:
+                    continue
+
+                waiter = task._fut_waiter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if waiter is None or waiter.done():
+                    await sleep(0.1)
+                    break
+            else:
+                return
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = AsyncIOBackend
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..091c78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_backends/_trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1456 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import array
+import math
+import os
+import socket
+import sys
+import types
+import weakref
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Iterable,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextvars import Context
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial, wraps
+from io import IOBase
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    NoReturn,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import trio.from_thread
+import trio.lowlevel
+from outcome import Error, Outcome, Value
+from trio.lowlevel import (
+    current_root_task,
+    current_task,
+    notify_closing,
+    wait_readable,
+    wait_writable,
+)
+from trio.socket import SocketType as TrioSocketType
+from trio.to_thread import run_sync
+
+from .. import (
+    CapacityLimiterStatistics,
+    EventStatistics,
+    LockStatistics,
+    RunFinishedError,
+    TaskInfo,
+    WouldBlock,
+    abc,
+)
+from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread
+from .._core._exceptions import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    BusyResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+)
+from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
+from .._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
+from .._core._synchronization import Lock as BaseLock
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    ResourceGuard,
+    SemaphoreStatistics,
+)
+from .._core._synchronization import Semaphore as BaseSemaphore
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
+from .._core._tasks import TaskHandle
+from ..abc import IPSockAddrType, UDPPacketType, UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ..abc._eventloop import AsyncBackend, StrOrBytesPath
+from ..abc._tasks import T_contra, call_for_coroutine, get_callable_name
+from ..streams.memory import MemoryObjectSendStream
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_SockAddr = TypeVar("T_SockAddr", str, IPSockAddrType)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+def ensure_returns_coro(
+    func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+) -> Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]]:
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]:
+        awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        # Check the common case first.
+        if isinstance(awaitable, Coroutine):
+            return awaitable
+        elif not isinstance(awaitable, Awaitable):
+            # The user violated the type annotations. Still, we should pass this on to
+            # Trio so it can raise with an appropriate message.
+            return awaitable
+        else:
+
+            @wraps(func)
+            async def inner_wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+                return await awaitable
+
+            return inner_wrapper()
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+#
+# Event loop
+#
+
+RunVar = trio.lowlevel.RunVar
+
+
+#
+# Timeouts and cancellation
+#
+
+
+class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: object
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.__original = original or trio.CancelScope(**kwargs)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        self.__original.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.__original.cancel(reason)
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.deadline
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.deadline = value
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancel_called
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.cancelled_caught
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.shield
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self.__original.shield = value
+
+
+#
+# Task groups
+#
+
+empty_start_value = object()
+
+
+class _TrioTaskStatus(Generic[T_contra], abc.TaskStatus[T_contra]):
+    early_start_value: T_contra | object = empty_start_value
+    real_task_status: trio.TaskStatus[T_contra | None] | None = None
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        if self.real_task_status is None:
+            if self.early_start_value is not empty_start_value:
+                raise RuntimeError("called 'started' twice on the same task status")
+
+            self.early_start_value = value
+        else:
+            self.real_task_status.started(value)
+
+
+class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._entered = False
+        self._active = False
+        self._nursery_manager = trio.open_nursery(strict_exception_groups=True)
+        self.cancel_scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        if self._entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("TaskGroup cannot be entered more than once")
+
+        self._entered = True
+        self._active = True
+        self._nursery = await self._nursery_manager.__aenter__()
+        self.cancel_scope = CancelScope(self._nursery.cancel_scope)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # trio.Nursery.__exit__ returns bool; .open_nursery has wrong type
+            return await self._nursery_manager.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        except BaseExceptionGroup as exc:
+            if not exc.split(trio.Cancelled)[1]:
+                raise trio.Cancelled._create() from exc
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            del exc_val, exc_tb
+            self._active = False
+
+    def _check_active(self, coro: Coroutine | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._active:
+            if coro is not None:
+                coro.close()
+
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
+            )
+
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+            raise TypeError(f"expected a coroutine, got {coro.__class__.__qualname__}")
+
+        self._check_active(coro)
+        handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+        if context is not None:
+            context.run(
+                partial(self._nursery.start_soon, handle._run_coro, name=handle.name)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._nursery.start_soon(handle._run_coro, name=handle.name)
+
+        return handle
+
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        handle: TaskHandle[T_co]
+
+        async def run_coro_with_task_status(
+            *, task_status: trio.TaskStatus[Any]
+        ) -> None:
+            nonlocal handle
+            wrapper_task_status = _TrioTaskStatus()
+            coro = call_for_coroutine(func, args, task_status=wrapper_task_status)
+            if wrapper_task_status.early_start_value is not empty_start_value:
+                task_status.started(wrapper_task_status.early_start_value)
+            else:
+                wrapper_task_status.real_task_status = task_status
+
+            handle = TaskHandle(coro, name)
+            await handle._run_coro()
+
+        self._check_active()
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        start_value = await self._nursery.start(
+            run_coro_with_task_status, name=final_name
+        )
+        if return_handle:
+            handle._start_value = start_value
+            return handle
+        else:
+            return start_value
+
+
+#
+# Subprocesses
+#
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class ReceiveStreamWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.ReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+        if data:
+            return bytes(data)
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class SendStreamWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
+    _stream: trio.abc.SendStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await self._stream.send_all(item)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
+        except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class Process(abc.Process):
+    _process: trio.Process
+    _stdin: abc.ByteSendStream | None
+    _stdout: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+    _stderr: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            if self._stdin:
+                await self._stdin.aclose()
+            if self._stdout:
+                await self._stdout.aclose()
+            if self._stderr:
+                await self._stderr.aclose()
+
+        try:
+            await self.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            self.kill()
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.wait()
+            raise
+
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        return await self._process.wait()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        self._process.terminate()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        self._process.kill()
+
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        self._process.send_signal(signal)
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        return self._process.pid
+
+    @property
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._process.returncode
+
+    @property
+    def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
+        return self._stdin
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stdout
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        return self._stderr
+
+
+class _ProcessPoolShutdownInstrument(trio.abc.Instrument):
+    def after_run(self) -> None:
+        super().after_run()
+
+
+current_default_worker_process_limiter: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar(
+    "current_default_worker_process_limiter"
+)
+
+
+async def _shutdown_process_pool(workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+    try:
+        await trio.sleep(math.inf)
+    except trio.Cancelled:
+        for process in workers:
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                process.kill()
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            for process in workers:
+                await process.aclose()
+
+
+#
+# Sockets and networking
+#
+
+
+class _TrioSocketMixin(Generic[T_SockAddr]):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket = trio_socket
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def _check_closed(self) -> None:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+    @property
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        return self._trio_socket._sock  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._trio_socket.fileno() >= 0:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._trio_socket.close()
+
+    def _convert_socket_error(self, exc: BaseException) -> NoReturn:
+        if isinstance(exc, trio.ClosedResourceError):
+            raise ClosedResourceError from exc
+        elif self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0 and self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        elif isinstance(exc, OSError):
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+        else:
+            raise exc
+
+
+class SocketStream(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketStream):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data = await self._trio_socket.recv(max_bytes)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+            if data:
+                return data
+            else:
+                raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            view = memoryview(item)
+            while view:
+                try:
+                    bytes_sent = await self._trio_socket.send(view)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+                view = view[bytes_sent:]
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        self._trio_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
+            raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
+        if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
+
+        fds = array.array("i")
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    message, ancdata, flags, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvmsg(
+                        msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
+                    )
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+                else:
+                    if not message and not ancdata:
+                        raise EndOfStream
+
+                    break
+
+        for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
+            if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
+                    f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
+                )
+
+            fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
+
+        return message, list(fds)
+
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        if not message:
+            raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
+        if not fds:
+            raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
+
+        filenos: list[int] = []
+        for fd in fds:
+            if isinstance(fd, int):
+                filenos.append(fd)
+            elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
+                filenos.append(fd.fileno())
+
+        fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+        with self._send_guard:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    await self._trio_socket.sendmsg(
+                        [message],
+                        [
+                            (
+                                socket.SOL_SOCKET,
+                                socket.SCM_RIGHTS,
+                                fdarray,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                    )
+                    break
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class TCPSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
+    def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
+        super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
+        self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
+
+    async def accept(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        with self._accept_guard:
+            try:
+                trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.UDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.UNIXDatagramSocket):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> UNIXDatagramPacketType:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
+                return data, addr
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: UNIXDatagramPacketType) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(
+    _TrioSocketMixin[str], abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+):
+    def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
+        super().__init__(trio_socket)
+        self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
+        self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> bytes:
+        with self._receive_guard:
+            try:
+                return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._send_guard:
+            try:
+                await self._trio_socket.send(item)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._convert_socket_error(exc)
+
+
+#
+# Synchronization
+#
+
+
+class Event(BaseEvent):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.__original = trio.Event()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.set()
+
+
+class Lock(BaseLock):
+    __slots__ = "_fast_acquire", "__original"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+        self.__original = trio.Lock()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _convert_runtime_error_msg(exc: RuntimeError) -> None:
+        if exc.args == ("attempt to re-acquire an already held Lock",):
+            exc.args = ("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock",)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            try:
+                await self.__original.acquire()
+            except RuntimeError as exc:
+                self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+                raise
+
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self._convert_runtime_error_msg(exc)
+            raise
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.__original.locked()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        owner = TrioTaskInfo(orig_statistics.owner) if orig_statistics.owner else None
+        return LockStatistics(
+            orig_statistics.locked, owner, orig_statistics.tasks_waiting
+        )
+
+
+class Semaphore(BaseSemaphore):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self.__original = trio.Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._fast_acquire:
+            await self.__original.acquire()
+            return
+
+        # This is the "fast path" where we don't let other tasks run
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            await self.__original._lot.park()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+        except trio.WouldBlock:
+            raise WouldBlock from None
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.__original.max_value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.value
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.release()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
+        return SemaphoreStatistics(orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = ("__original",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total_tokens: float | None = None,
+        *,
+        original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if original is not None:
+            self.__original = original
+        else:
+            assert total_tokens is not None
+            self.__original = trio.CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        return await self.__original.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.__original.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.__original.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        return self.__original.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        return self.__original.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        return self.__original.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        orig = self.__original.statistics()
+        return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+            borrowed_tokens=orig.borrowed_tokens,
+            total_tokens=orig.total_tokens,
+            borrowers=tuple(orig.borrowers),
+            tasks_waiting=orig.tasks_waiting,
+        )
+
+
+_capacity_limiter_wrapper: trio.lowlevel.RunVar = RunVar("_capacity_limiter_wrapper")
+
+
+#
+# Signal handling
+#
+
+
+class _SignalReceiver:
+    _iterator: AsyncIterator[int]
+
+    def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
+        self._signals = signals
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        self._cm = trio.open_signal_receiver(*self._signals)
+        self._iterator = self._cm.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
+        signum = await self._iterator.__anext__()
+        return Signals(signum)
+
+
+#
+# Testing and debugging
+#
+
+
+class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
+    def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None:
+        from queue import Queue
+
+        self._call_queue: Queue[Callable[[], object]] = Queue()
+        self._send_stream: (
+            MemoryObjectSendStream[tuple[Awaitable[Any], list[Outcome]]] | None
+        ) = None
+        self._options = options
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._send_stream:
+            self._send_stream.close()
+            while self._send_stream is not None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        return trio.lowlevel.in_trio_task()
+
+    async def _run_tests_and_fixtures(self) -> None:
+        self._send_stream, receive_stream = create_memory_object_stream[
+            tuple[Awaitable[Any], list[Outcome]]
+        ](1)
+        with receive_stream:
+            async for awaitable, outcome_holder in receive_stream:
+                try:
+                    retval = await awaitable
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Error(exc))
+                else:
+                    outcome_holder.append(Value(retval))
+
+    def _main_task_finished(self, outcome: object) -> None:
+        self._send_stream = None
+
+    def _call_in_runner_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        /,
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        if self._send_stream is None:
+            trio.lowlevel.start_guest_run(
+                self._run_tests_and_fixtures,
+                run_sync_soon_threadsafe=self._call_queue.put,
+                done_callback=self._main_task_finished,
+                **self._options,
+            )
+            while self._send_stream is None:
+                self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        outcome_holder: list[Outcome] = []
+        self._send_stream.send_nowait((func(*args, **kwargs), outcome_holder))
+        while not outcome_holder:
+            self._call_queue.get()()
+
+        return outcome_holder[0].unwrap()
+
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
+        asyncgen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
+        fixturevalue: T_Retval = self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+
+        yield fixturevalue
+
+        try:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.asend, None)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self._call_in_runner_task(asyncgen.aclose)
+            raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
+
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        return self._call_in_runner_task(fixture_func, **kwargs)
+
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        self._call_in_runner_task(test_func, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TrioTaskInfo(TaskInfo):
+    def __init__(self, task: trio.lowlevel.Task):
+        parent_id = None
+        if task.parent_nursery and task.parent_nursery.parent_task:
+            parent_id = id(task.parent_nursery.parent_task)
+
+        super().__init__(id(task), parent_id, task.name, task.coro)
+        self._task = weakref.proxy(task)
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self._task._cancel_status.effectively_cancelled
+        except ReferenceError:
+            # If the task is no longer around, it surely doesn't have a cancellation
+            # pending
+            return False
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncBackend):
+    @classmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        assert not kwargs, "unreachable, and not supported by Trio"
+        return trio.run(ensure_returns_coro(func), *args, **options)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        return trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_time()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        return trio.Cancelled
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        await trio.lowlevel.cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(delay)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> abc.CancelScope:
+        return CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        return trio.current_effective_deadline()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> abc.TaskGroup:
+        return TaskGroup()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> abc.Event:
+        return Event()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        return Lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> abc.Semaphore:
+        return Semaphore(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        return CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: abc.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
+            with claim_worker_thread(TrioBackend, token):
+                return func(*args)
+
+        token = TrioBackend.current_token()
+        return await run_sync(
+            wrapper,
+            abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel,
+            limiter=cast(trio.CapacityLimiter, limiter),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        trio.from_thread.check_cancelled()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        trio_token = cast("trio.lowlevel.TrioToken | None", token)
+        try:
+            return trio.from_thread.run_sync(func, *args, trio_token=trio_token)
+        except trio.RunFinishedError:
+            raise RunFinishedError from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        def convert_item(item: StrOrBytesPath) -> str:
+            str_or_bytes = os.fspath(item)
+            if isinstance(str_or_bytes, str):
+                return str_or_bytes
+            else:
+                return os.fsdecode(str_or_bytes)
+
+        if isinstance(command, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                convert_item(command),
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=True,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            process = await trio.lowlevel.open_process(
+                [convert_item(item) for item in command],
+                stdin=stdin,
+                stdout=stdout,
+                stderr=stderr,
+                shell=False,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        stdin_stream = SendStreamWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
+        stdout_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
+        stderr_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
+        return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[abc.Process]) -> None:
+        trio.lowlevel.spawn_system_task(_shutdown_process_pool, workers)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        family = socket.AF_INET6 if ":" in host else socket.AF_INET
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family)
+        trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect((host, port))
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return SocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> abc.UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
+        try:
+            await trio_socket.connect(path)
+        except BaseException:
+            trio_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: socket.AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+        if reuse_port:
+            trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+        if local_address:
+            await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
+
+        if remote_address:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_address)
+            return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UDPSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket.socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> abc.UNIXDatagramSocket | abc.ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_socket = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket)
+
+        if remote_path:
+            await trio_socket.connect(remote_path)
+            return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+        else:
+            return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_socket)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        return await trio.socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        return await trio.socket.getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_readable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("reading from") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        try:
+            await wait_writable(obj)
+        except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
+            raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
+        except trio.BusyResourceError:
+            raise BusyResourceError("writing to") from None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        notify_closing(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> abc.SocketListener:
+        if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX") and sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+            return UNIXSocketListener(sock)
+
+        return TCPSocketListener(sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> SocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return SocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXSocketStream(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket.socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return UNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket.socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        trio_sock = trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(sock)
+        return ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(trio_sock)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return _capacity_limiter_wrapper.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            limiter = CapacityLimiter(
+                original=trio.to_thread.current_default_thread_limiter()
+            )
+            _capacity_limiter_wrapper.set(limiter)
+            return limiter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        return _SignalReceiver(signals)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        task = current_task()
+        return TrioTaskInfo(task)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        root_task = current_root_task()
+        assert root_task
+        task_infos = [TrioTaskInfo(root_task)]
+        nurseries = root_task.child_nurseries
+        while nurseries:
+            new_nurseries: list[trio.Nursery] = []
+            for nursery in nurseries:
+                for task in nursery.child_tasks:
+                    task_infos.append(TrioTaskInfo(task))
+                    new_nurseries.extend(task.child_nurseries)
+
+            nurseries = new_nurseries
+
+        return task_infos
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        from trio.testing import wait_all_tasks_blocked
+
+        await wait_all_tasks_blocked()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        return TestRunner(**options)
+
+
+backend_class = TrioBackend
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f35bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_asyncio_selector_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import socket
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from selectors import EVENT_READ, EVENT_WRITE, DefaultSelector
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+_selector_lock = threading.Lock()
+_selector: Selector | None = None
+
+
+class Selector:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, name="AnyIO socket selector")
+        self._selector = DefaultSelector()
+        self._send, self._receive = socket.socketpair()
+        self._send.setblocking(False)
+        self._receive.setblocking(False)
+        # This somewhat reduces the amount of memory wasted queueing up data
+        # for wakeups. With these settings, maximum number of 1-byte sends
+        # before getting BlockingIOError:
+        #   Linux 4.8: 6
+        #   macOS (darwin 15.5): 1
+        #   Windows 10: 525347
+        # Windows you're weird. (And on Windows setting SNDBUF to 0 makes send
+        # blocking, even on non-blocking sockets, so don't do that.)
+        self._receive.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 1)
+        self._send.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 1)
+        # On Windows this is a TCP socket so this might matter. On other
+        # platforms this fails b/c AF_UNIX sockets aren't actually TCP.
+        try:
+            self._send.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        self._selector.register(self._receive, EVENT_READ)
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self._thread.start()
+        threading._register_atexit(self._stop)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _stop(self) -> None:
+        global _selector
+        self._closed = True
+        self._notify_self()
+        self._send.close()
+        self._thread.join()
+        self._selector.unregister(self._receive)
+        self._receive.close()
+        self._selector.close()
+        _selector = None
+        assert not self._selector.get_map(), (
+            "selector still has registered file descriptors after shutdown"
+        )
+
+    def _notify_self(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._send.send(b"\x00")
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            pass
+
+    def add_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_READ, {EVENT_READ: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_READ in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for reading"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_READ] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_READ, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def add_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, callback: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            self._selector.register(fd, EVENT_WRITE, {EVENT_WRITE: (loop, callback)})
+        else:
+            if EVENT_WRITE in key.data:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "this file descriptor is already registered for writing"
+                )
+
+            key.data[EVENT_WRITE] = loop, callback
+            self._selector.modify(fd, key.events | EVENT_WRITE, key.data)
+
+        self._notify_self()
+
+    def remove_reader(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_READ:
+            del key.data[EVENT_READ]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def remove_writer(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike) -> bool:
+        try:
+            key = self._selector.get_key(fd)
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if new_events := key.events ^ EVENT_WRITE:
+            del key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+            self._selector.modify(fd, new_events, key.data)
+        else:
+            self._selector.unregister(fd)
+
+        return True
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self._closed:
+            for key, events in self._selector.select():
+                if key.fileobj is self._receive:
+                    try:
+                        while self._receive.recv(4096):
+                            pass
+                    except BlockingIOError:
+                        pass
+
+                    continue
+
+                if events & EVENT_READ:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_READ]
+                    self.remove_reader(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+                if events & EVENT_WRITE:
+                    loop, callback = key.data[EVENT_WRITE]
+                    self.remove_writer(key.fd)
+                    try:
+                        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(callback)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        pass  # the loop was already closed
+
+
+def get_selector() -> Selector:
+    global _selector
+
+    with _selector_lock:
+        if _selector is None:
+            _selector = Selector()
+            _selector.start()
+
+        return _selector
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302f32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_contextmanagers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager
+from inspect import isasyncgen, iscoroutine, isgenerator
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Protocol, TypeVar, cast, final
+
+_T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
+_ExitT_co = TypeVar("_ExitT_co", covariant=True, bound="bool | None")
+
+
+class _SupportsCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr(Protocol[_T_co, _ExitT_co]):
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T_co, _ExitT_co]: ...
+
+
+class ContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via :meth:`__contextmanager__`
+    which should return a generator. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    def __enter__(self: _SupportsCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__contextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractContextManager):
+            if isgenerator(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__contextmanager__() returned a generator object instead of "
+                    "a context manager. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager "
+                    "decorator?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__contextmanager__() did not return a context manager object, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__contextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @contextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = cm.__enter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    def __exit__(
+        self: _SupportsCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, ContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __contextmanager__(self) -> AbstractContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@contextmanager <contextlib.contextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: a context manager object
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncContextManagerMixin:
+    """
+    Mixin class providing async context manager functionality via a generator-based
+    implementation.
+
+    This class allows you to implement a context manager via
+    :meth:`__asynccontextmanager__`. The mechanics are meant to mirror those of
+    :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+    .. note:: Classes using this mix-in are not reentrant as context managers, meaning
+        that once you enter it, you can't re-enter before first exiting it.
+
+    .. seealso:: :doc:`contextmanagers`
+    """
+
+    __cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None] | None = None
+
+    @final
+    async def __aenter__(self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[_T_co, bool | None]) -> _T_co:
+        # Needed for mypy to assume self still has the __cm member
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has already been entered"
+            )
+
+        cm = self.__asynccontextmanager__()
+        if not isinstance(cm, AbstractAsyncContextManager):
+            if isasyncgen(cm):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned an async generator instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator?"
+                )
+            elif iscoroutine(cm):
+                cm.close()
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "__asynccontextmanager__() returned a coroutine object instead of "
+                    "an async context manager. Did you forget to add the "
+                    "@asynccontextmanager decorator and a 'yield' statement?"
+                )
+
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"__asynccontextmanager__() did not return an async context manager, "
+                f"but {cm.__class__!r}"
+            )
+
+        if cm is self:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.__asynccontextmanager__() returned "
+                f"self. Did you forget to add the @asynccontextmanager decorator and a "
+                f"'yield' statement?"
+            )
+
+        value = await cm.__aenter__()
+        self.__cm = cm
+        return value
+
+    @final
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self: _SupportsAsyncCtxMgr[object, _ExitT_co],
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> _ExitT_co:
+        assert isinstance(self, AsyncContextManagerMixin)
+        if self.__cm is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"this {self.__class__.__qualname__} has not been entered yet"
+            )
+
+        # Prevent circular references
+        cm = self.__cm
+        del self.__cm
+
+        return cast(_ExitT_co, await cm.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __asynccontextmanager__(
+        self,
+    ) -> AbstractAsyncContextManager[object, bool | None]:
+        """
+        Implement your async context manager logic here.
+
+        This method **must** be decorated with
+        :func:`@asynccontextmanager <contextlib.asynccontextmanager>`.
+
+        .. note:: Remember that the ``yield`` will raise any exception raised in the
+            enclosed context block, so use a ``finally:`` block to clean up resources!
+
+        :return: an async context manager object
+        """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e2ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import Token
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+from ._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+sniffio: Any
+try:
+    import sniffio
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    sniffio = None
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..abc import AsyncBackend
+
+# This must be updated when new backends are introduced
+BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio"
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+threadlocals = threading.local()
+loaded_backends: dict[str, type[AsyncBackend]] = {}
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+    :param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation – currently
+        either ``asyncio`` or ``trio``
+    :param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()``
+        implementation with (documented :ref:`here <backend options>`)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this
+        thread
+    :raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found
+
+    """
+    if asynclib_name := current_async_library():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread")
+
+    try:
+        async_backend = get_async_backend(backend)
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        if backend in BACKENDS:
+            raise LookupError(
+                f"Backend {backend!r} is not available. "
+                f"Install it with: pip install anyio[{backend}]"
+            ) from exc
+
+        raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc
+
+    token = None
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async
+        # library
+        token = set_current_async_library(backend)
+
+    try:
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        return async_backend.run(func, args, {}, backend_options)
+    finally:
+        reset_current_async_library(token)
+
+
+async def sleep(delay: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+    :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+
+    """
+    return await get_async_backend().sleep(delay)
+
+
+async def sleep_forever() -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until it's cancelled.
+
+    This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    await sleep(math.inf)
+
+
+async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Pause the current task until the given time.
+
+    :param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal
+        monotonic clock of the event loop)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.1
+
+    """
+    now = current_time()
+    await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0))
+
+
+def current_time() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+    :return: the clock value (seconds)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_time()
+
+
+def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends."""
+    return BACKENDS
+
+
+def get_available_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
+    """
+    Test for the availability of built-in backends.
+
+    :return a tuple of the built-in backend names that were successfully imported
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.12
+
+    """
+    available_backends: list[str] = []
+    for backend_name in get_all_backends():
+        try:
+            get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        except ImportError:
+            continue
+
+        available_backends.append(backend_name)
+
+    return tuple(available_backends)
+
+
+def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]:
+    """
+    Return the current async library's cancellation exception class.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().cancelled_exception_class()
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def claim_worker_thread(
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend], token: object
+) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+    from ..lowlevel import EventLoopToken
+
+    threadlocals.current_token = EventLoopToken(backend_class, token)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        del threadlocals.current_token
+
+
+def get_async_backend(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> type[AsyncBackend]:
+    if asynclib_name is None:
+        asynclib_name = current_async_library()
+        if not asynclib_name:
+            raise NoEventLoopError(
+                f"Not currently running on any asynchronous event loop. "
+                f"Available async backends: {', '.join(get_all_backends())}"
+            )
+
+    # We use our own dict instead of sys.modules to get the already imported back-end
+    # class because the appropriate modules in sys.modules could potentially be only
+    # partially initialized
+    try:
+        return loaded_backends[asynclib_name]
+    except KeyError:
+        module = import_module(f"anyio._backends._{asynclib_name}")
+        loaded_backends[asynclib_name] = module.backend_class
+        return module.backend_class
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str | None:
+    if sniffio is None:
+        # If sniffio is not installed, we assume we're either running asyncio or nothing
+        import asyncio
+
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            return "asyncio"
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+    else:
+        try:
+            return sniffio.current_async_library()
+        except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
+            pass
+
+    return None
+
+
+def set_current_async_library(asynclib_name: str | None) -> Token | None:
+    # no-op if sniffio is not installed
+    if sniffio is None:
+        return None
+
+    return sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(asynclib_name)
+
+
+def reset_current_async_library(token: Token | None) -> None:
+    if token is not None:
+        sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd6eb9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+
+
+class BrokenResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external
+    causes (e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected).
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_process.run_sync` if the worker process terminates abruptly or
+    otherwise misbehaves.
+    """
+
+
+class BrokenWorkerInterpreter(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.to_interpreter.run_sync` if an unexpected exception is
+    raised in the subinterpreter.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, excinfo: Any):
+        # This was adapted from concurrent.futures.interpreter.ExecutionFailed
+        msg = excinfo.formatted
+        if not msg:
+            if excinfo.type and excinfo.msg:
+                msg = f"{excinfo.type.__name__}: {excinfo.msg}"
+            else:
+                msg = excinfo.type.__name__ or excinfo.msg
+
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.excinfo = excinfo
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            formatted = self.excinfo.errdisplay
+        except Exception:
+            return super().__str__()
+        else:
+            return dedent(
+                f"""
+                {super().__str__()}
+
+                Uncaught in the interpreter:
+
+                {formatted}
+                """.strip()
+            )
+
+
+class BusyResourceError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource
+    concurrently.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str):
+        super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+
+class ClosedResourceError(Exception):
+    """Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed."""
+
+
+class ConnectionFailed(OSError):
+    """
+    Raised when a connection attempt fails.
+
+    .. note:: This class inherits from :exc:`OSError` for backwards compatibility.
+    """
+
+
+def iterate_exceptions(
+    exception: BaseException,
+) -> Generator[BaseException, None, None]:
+    if isinstance(exception, BaseExceptionGroup):
+        for exc in exception.exceptions:
+            yield from iterate_exceptions(exc)
+    else:
+        yield exception
+
+
+class DelimiterNotFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes"
+        )
+
+
+class EndOfStream(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end.
+    """
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised during
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or
+    :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
+    connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed"
+        )
+
+
+class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError):
+    """
+    Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute
+    is not found and no default value has been given.
+    """
+
+
+class WouldBlock(Exception):
+    """Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block."""
+
+
+class NoEventLoopError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by several functions that require an event loop to be running in the current
+    thread when there is no running event loop.
+
+    This is also raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync`
+    if not calling from an AnyIO worker thread, and no ``token`` was passed.
+    """
+
+
+class RunFinishedError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised by :func:`.from_thread.run` and :func:`.from_thread.run_sync` if the event
+    loop associated with the explicitly passed token has already finished.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "The event loop associated with the given token has already finished"
+        )
+
+
+class TaskFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that raised an exception.
+    """
+
+
+class TaskCancelled(TaskFailed):
+    """
+    Raised when awaiting on, or attempting to access the return value of, a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that was cancelled.
+    """
+
+
+class TaskNotFinished(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when attempting to access the return value or exception of a
+    :class:`.TaskHandle` that is still pending completion.
+    """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..692c754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_fileio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    ClassVar,
+    Final,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Self
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from pathlib.types import PathInfo
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from types import ModuleType
+
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+else:
+    ReadableBuffer = OpenBinaryMode = OpenTextMode = WriteableBuffer = object
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound="Path")
+
+
+class AsyncFile(AsyncResource, Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous file object.
+
+    This class wraps a standard file object and provides async friendly versions of the
+    following blocking methods (where available on the original file object):
+
+    * read
+    * read1
+    * readline
+    * readlines
+    * readinto
+    * readinto1
+    * write
+    * writelines
+    * truncate
+    * seek
+    * tell
+    * flush
+
+    All other methods are directly passed through.
+
+    This class supports the asynchronous context manager protocol which closes the
+    underlying file at the end of the context block.
+
+    This class also supports asynchronous iteration::
+
+        async with await open_file(...) as f:
+            async for line in f:
+                print(line)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, fp: IO[AnyStr], *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if limiter is not None and not isinstance(limiter, CapacityLimiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"limiter must be a CapacityLimiter or None, not "
+                f"{limiter.__class__.__name__}"
+            )
+
+        self._fp: Any = fp
+        self._limiter = limiter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> object:
+        return getattr(self._fp, name)
+
+    @property
+    def limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter | None:
+        """The capacity limiter used by this file object, if not the global limiter."""
+        return self._limiter
+
+    @property
+    def wrapped(self) -> IO[AnyStr]:
+        """The wrapped file object."""
+        return self._fp
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[AnyStr]:
+        while True:
+            line = await self.readline()
+            if line:
+                yield line
+            else:
+                break
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.close, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read1, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readline, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readlines, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readinto(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto1, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: AsyncFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.write, b, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: AsyncFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(self: AsyncFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] | Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._fp.writelines, lines, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.truncate, size, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._fp.seek, offset, whence, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.tell, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def flush(self) -> None:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.flush, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+    buffering: int = ...,
+    encoding: str | None = ...,
+    errors: str | None = ...,
+    newline: str | None = ...,
+    closefd: bool = ...,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = ...,
+) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+
+async def open_file(
+    file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = None,
+    newline: str | None = None,
+    closefd: bool = True,
+    opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = None,
+    *,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+    """
+    Open a file asynchronously.
+
+    Except for ``limiter``, the arguments are exactly the same as for the builtin :func:`open`.
+
+    :param limiter: an optional capacity limiter to use with the file
+        instead of the default one
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+
+    """
+    fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+        open,
+        file,
+        mode,
+        buffering,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        newline,
+        closefd,
+        opener,
+        limiter=limiter,
+    )
+    return AsyncFile(fp, limiter=limiter)
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    file: IO[AnyStr], *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+    """
+    Wrap an existing file as an asynchronous file.
+
+    :param file: an existing file-like object
+    :param limiter: an optional capacity limiter to use with the file
+        instead of the default one
+    :return: an asynchronous file object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+
+    """
+    return AsyncFile(file, limiter=limiter)
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _PathIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    iterator: Iterator[PathLike[str]]
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None
+    # This was added to ensure that iterating over a subclass of Path yields instances
+    # of that subclass rather than the base Path class.
+    path_cls: type[T]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        nextval = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            next, self.iterator, None, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self.limiter
+        )
+        if nextval is None:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        return self.path_cls(nextval, limiter=self.limiter)
+
+
+class Path:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    This class cannot be substituted for :class:`pathlib.Path` or
+    :class:`pathlib.PurePath`, but it is compatible with the :class:`os.PathLike`
+    interface.
+
+    It implements the Python 3.10 version of :class:`pathlib.Path` interface, except for
+    the deprecated :meth:`~pathlib.Path.link_to` method.
+
+    Some methods may be unavailable or have limited functionality, based on the Python
+    version:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.copy_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.from_uri` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.full_match` (available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :attr:`~pathlib.Path.info` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.match` (the ``case_sensitive`` parameter is only
+      available on Python 3.13 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.move_into` (available on Python 3.14 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.PurePath.relative_to` (the ``walk_up`` parameter is only available
+      on Python 3.12 or later)
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk` (available on Python 3.12 or later)
+
+    Any methods that do disk I/O need to be awaited on. These methods are:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.absolute`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_junction`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_socket`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_symlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lchmod`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lstat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.open`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_text`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rename`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.replace`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.resolve`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rmdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.stat`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.symlink_to`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.touch`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.unlink`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.walk`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_bytes`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_text`
+
+    Additionally, the following methods return an async iterator yielding
+    :class:`~.Path` objects:
+
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.iterdir`
+    * :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+        Added the ``limiter`` keyword argument.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_path", "_limiter", "__weakref__"
+
+    __weakref__: Any
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, *args: str | PathLike[str], limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if limiter is not None and not isinstance(limiter, CapacityLimiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"limiter must be a CapacityLimiter or None, not "
+                f"{limiter.__class__.__name__}"
+            )
+
+        self._path: Final[pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path(*args)
+        self._limiter = limiter
+
+    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__fspath__()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 15):
+
+        def __vfspath__(self) -> str:
+            return self._path.__vfspath__()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.__str__()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.as_posix()!r})"
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._path.__bytes__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._path.__hash__()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__eq__(target)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__lt__(target)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__le__(target)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__gt__(target)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> bool:
+        target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
+        return self._path.__ge__(target)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path / other, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(other, limiter=self._limiter) / self
+
+    @property
+    def limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter | None:
+        """The capacity limiter used by this path, if not the global limiter."""
+        return self._limiter
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
+        return self._path.parts
+
+    @property
+    def drive(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.drive
+
+    @property
+    def root(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.root
+
+    @property
+    def anchor(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.anchor
+
+    @property
+    def parents(self) -> Sequence[Self]:
+        return tuple(type(self)(p, limiter=self._limiter) for p in self._path.parents)
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.parent, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.name
+
+    @property
+    def suffix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.suffix
+
+    @property
+    def suffixes(self) -> list[str]:
+        return self._path.suffixes
+
+    @property
+    def stem(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.stem
+
+    async def absolute(self) -> Self:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.absolute, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(path, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def as_posix(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_posix()
+
+    def as_uri(self) -> str:
+        return self._path.as_uri()
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        parser: ClassVar[ModuleType] = pathlib.Path.parser
+
+        @classmethod
+        def from_uri(cls, uri: str, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+            return cls(pathlib.Path.from_uri(uri), limiter=limiter)
+
+        def full_match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.full_match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+
+        def match(
+            self, path_pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+    else:
+
+        def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool:
+            return self._path.match(path_pattern)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+
+        @property
+        def info(self) -> PathInfo:
+            return self._path.info
+
+        async def copy(
+            self,
+            target: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Self:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    func, pathlib.Path(target), limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def copy_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = True,
+            preserve_metadata: bool = False,
+        ) -> Self:
+            func = partial(
+                self._path.copy_into,
+                follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks,
+                preserve_metadata=preserve_metadata,
+            )
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    func, pathlib.Path(target_dir), limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def move(self, target: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+            # Upstream does not handle anyio.Path properly as a PathLike
+            target = pathlib.Path(target)
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    self._path.move, target, limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+        async def move_into(
+            self,
+            target_dir: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        ) -> Self:
+            return type(self)(
+                await to_thread.run_sync(
+                    self._path.move_into, target_dir, limiter=self._limiter
+                ),
+                limiter=self._limiter,
+            )
+
+    def is_relative_to(self, other: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        try:
+            self.relative_to(other)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    async def chmod(self, mode: int, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> None:
+        func = partial(os.chmod, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, mode, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cwd(cls, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+        path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.cwd, limiter=limiter)
+        return cls(path, limiter=limiter)
+
+    async def exists(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.exists, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def expanduser(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.expanduser, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            ),
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Python 3.11 and earlier
+        def glob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def glob(
+            self,
+            pattern: str,
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def glob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.glob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+
+    async def group(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.group, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def hardlink_to(
+        self, target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(os.link, target, self, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def home(cls, *, limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None) -> Self:
+        home_path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.home, limiter=limiter)
+        return cls(home_path, limiter=limiter)
+
+    def is_absolute(self) -> bool:
+        return self._path.is_absolute()
+
+    async def is_block_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_block_device, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_char_device(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_char_device, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_dir, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_fifo(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_fifo, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_file, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def is_junction(self) -> bool:
+            return await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.is_junction, limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+
+    async def is_mount(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.path.ismount, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 15):
+
+        def is_reserved(self) -> bool:
+            return self._path.is_reserved()
+
+    async def is_socket(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_socket, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def is_symlink(self) -> bool:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.is_symlink, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def iterdir(self) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+        gen = (
+            self._path.iterdir()
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 13)
+            else await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._path.iterdir, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+        )
+        async for path in _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self)):
+            yield path
+
+    def joinpath(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.joinpath(*args), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def lchmod(self, mode: int) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lchmod, mode, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def lstat(self) -> os.stat_result:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.lstat, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def mkdir(
+        self, mode: int = 0o777, parents: bool = False, exist_ok: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.mkdir, mode, parents, exist_ok, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[str]: ...
+
+    async def open(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.open,
+            mode,
+            buffering,
+            encoding,
+            errors,
+            newline,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+        return AsyncFile(fp, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def owner(self) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.owner, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def read_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_bytes, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def read_text(
+        self, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.read_text, encoding, errors, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        def relative_to(
+            self, *other: str | PathLike[str], walk_up: bool = False
+        ) -> Self:
+            # relative_to() should work with any PathLike but it doesn't
+            others = [pathlib.Path(other) for other in other]
+            return type(self)(
+                self._path.relative_to(*others, walk_up=walk_up), limiter=self._limiter
+            )
+
+    else:
+
+        def relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+            return type(self)(self._path.relative_to(*other), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def readlink(self) -> Self:
+        target = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            os.readlink, self._path, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def rename(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rename, target, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def replace(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.replace, target, limiter=self._limiter)
+        return type(self)(target, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Self:
+        func = partial(self._path.resolve, strict=strict)
+        return type(self)(
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                func, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+            ),
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+        # Pre Python 3.12
+        def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif (3, 12) <= sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.12:
+        # - The case_sensitive parameter was added.
+        def rglob(
+            self, pattern: str, *, case_sensitive: bool | None = None
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(pattern, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # Changed in Python 3.13:
+        # - The recurse_symlinks parameter was added.
+        # - The pattern parameter accepts a path-like object.
+        def rglob(  # type: ignore[misc] # mypy doesn't allow for differing signatures in a conditional block
+            self,
+            pattern: str | PathLike[str],
+            *,
+            case_sensitive: bool | None = None,
+            recurse_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[Self]:
+            gen = self._path.rglob(
+                pattern,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                case_sensitive=case_sensitive,
+                recurse_symlinks=recurse_symlinks,
+            )
+            return _PathIterator(gen, self._limiter, type(self))
+
+    async def rmdir(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rmdir, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def samefile(self, other_path: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other_path, Path):
+            other_path = other_path._path
+
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.samefile,
+            other_path,
+            abandon_on_cancel=True,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+    async def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> os.stat_result:
+        func = partial(os.stat, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            func, self._path, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def symlink_to(
+        self,
+        target: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes],
+        target_is_directory: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(target, Path):
+            target = target._path
+
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.symlink_to, target, target_is_directory, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.touch, mode, exist_ok, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.unlink, limiter=self._limiter)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if not missing_ok:
+                raise
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+
+        async def walk(
+            self,
+            top_down: bool = True,
+            on_error: Callable[[OSError], object] | None = None,
+            follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+        ) -> AsyncIterator[tuple[Self, list[str], list[str]]]:
+            def get_next_value() -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[str], list[str]] | None:
+                try:
+                    return next(gen)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    return None
+
+            gen = self._path.walk(top_down, on_error, follow_symlinks)
+            while True:
+                value = await to_thread.run_sync(get_next_value, limiter=self._limiter)
+                if value is None:
+                    return
+
+                root, dirs, paths = value
+                yield type(self)(root, limiter=self._limiter), dirs, paths
+
+    def with_name(self, name: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.with_name(name), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def with_stem(self, stem: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            self._path.with_name(stem + self._path.suffix), limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    def with_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(self._path.with_suffix(suffix), limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    def with_segments(self, *pathsegments: str | PathLike[str]) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(*pathsegments, limiter=self._limiter)
+
+    async def write_bytes(self, data: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_bytes, data, limiter=self._limiter
+        )
+
+    async def write_text(
+        self,
+        data: str,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+    ) -> int:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            self._path.write_text,
+            data,
+            encoding,
+            errors,
+            newline,
+            limiter=self._limiter,
+        )
+
+
+PathLike.register(Path)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9a5344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..abc import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+
+
+async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None:
+    """
+    Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope.
+
+    Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything.
+
+    :param resource: the resource to close
+
+    """
+    with CancelScope() as scope:
+        scope.cancel()
+        await resource.aclose()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24c79e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_signals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+def open_signal_receiver(
+    *signals: Signals,
+) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+    """
+    Start receiving operating system signals.
+
+    :param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``)
+    :return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields
+        signal numbers
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid
+        relying on this in cross-platform applications.
+
+    .. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for
+        the given signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`.
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().open_signal_receiver(*signals)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29f7332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1011 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address, ip_address
+from os import PathLike, chmod
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast, overload
+
+from .. import ConnectionFailed, to_thread
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    ConnectedUDPSocket,
+    ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+    IPAddressType,
+    IPSockAddrType,
+    SocketListener,
+    SocketStream,
+    UDPSocket,
+    UNIXDatagramSocket,
+    UNIXSocketStream,
+)
+from ..streams.stapled import MultiListener
+from ..streams.tls import TLSConnectable, TLSStream
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._resources import aclose_forcefully
+from ._synchronization import Event
+from ._tasks import create_task_group, move_on_after
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+else:
+    FileDescriptorLike = object
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 13):
+    from typing_extensions import deprecated
+else:
+    from warnings import deprecated
+
+IPPROTO_IPV6 = getattr(socket, "IPPROTO_IPV6", 41)  # https://bugs.python.org/issue29515
+
+AnyIPAddressFamily = Literal[
+    AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6
+]
+IPAddressFamily = Literal[AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6]
+
+
+# tls_hostname given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# ssl_context given
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=True
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[True],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> TLSStream: ...
+
+
+# tls=False
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    tls: Literal[False],
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+# No TLS arguments
+@overload
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
+    local_port: int | None = ...,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
+) -> SocketStream: ...
+
+
+async def connect_tcp(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int | None = None,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    happy_eyeballs_delay: float = 0.25,
+) -> SocketStream | TLSStream:
+    """
+    Connect to a host using the TCP protocol.
+
+    This function implements the stateless version of the Happy Eyeballs algorithm (RFC
+    6555). If ``remote_host`` is a host name that resolves to multiple IP addresses,
+    each one is tried until one connection attempt succeeds. If the first attempt does
+    not connected within 250 milliseconds, a second attempt is started using the next
+    address in the list, and so on. On IPv6 enabled systems, an IPv6 address (if
+    available) is tried first.
+
+    When the connection has been established, a TLS handshake will be done if either
+    ``ssl_context`` or ``tls_hostname`` is not ``None``, or if ``tls`` is ``True``.
+
+    :param remote_host: the IP address or host name to connect to
+    :param remote_port: port on the target host to connect to
+    :param local_host: the interface address or name to bind the socket to before
+        connecting
+    :param local_port: the local port to bind to (requires ``local_host`` to also be
+        set)
+    :param tls: ``True`` to do a TLS handshake with the connected stream and return a
+        :class:`~anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream` instead
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object to use (if omitted, a default context is
+        created)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: If ``True``, performs the TLS shutdown handshake
+        before closing the stream and requires that the server does this as well.
+        Otherwise, :exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError` may be raised during reads from the stream.
+        Some protocols, such as HTTP, require this option to be ``False``.
+        See :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for details.
+    :param tls_hostname: host name to check the server certificate against (defaults to
+        the value of ``remote_host``)
+    :param happy_eyeballs_delay: delay (in seconds) before starting the next connection
+        attempt
+    :return: a socket stream object if no TLS handshake was done, otherwise a TLS stream
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    # Placed here due to https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7057
+    connected_stream: SocketStream | None = None
+
+    async def try_connect(remote_host: str, event: Event) -> None:
+        nonlocal connected_stream
+        try:
+            stream = await asynclib.connect_tcp(remote_host, remote_port, local_address)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            oserrors.append(exc)
+            return
+        else:
+            if connected_stream is None:
+                connected_stream = stream
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+            else:
+                await stream.aclose()
+        finally:
+            event.set()
+
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(str(local_host), local_port)
+        family, *_, local_address = gai_res[0]
+
+    target_host = str(remote_host)
+    try:
+        addr_obj = ip_address(remote_host)
+    except ValueError:
+        addr_obj = None
+
+    if addr_obj is not None:
+        if isinstance(addr_obj, IPv6Address):
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET6, addr_obj.compressed)]
+        else:
+            target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET, addr_obj.compressed)]
+    else:
+        # getaddrinfo() will raise an exception if name resolution fails
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            target_host, remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM
+        )
+
+        # Organize the list so that the first address is an IPv6 address (if available)
+        # and the second one is an IPv4 addresses. The rest can be in whatever order.
+        v6_found = v4_found = False
+        target_addrs = []
+        for af, *_, sa in gai_res:
+            if af == socket.AF_INET6 and not v6_found:
+                v6_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(0, (af, sa[0]))
+            elif af == socket.AF_INET and not v4_found and v6_found:
+                v4_found = True
+                target_addrs.insert(1, (af, sa[0]))
+            else:
+                target_addrs.append((af, sa[0]))
+
+    oserrors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for _af, addr in target_addrs:
+                event = Event()
+                tg.start_soon(try_connect, addr, event)
+                with move_on_after(happy_eyeballs_delay):
+                    await event.wait()
+
+        if connected_stream is None:
+            cause = (
+                oserrors[0]
+                if len(oserrors) == 1
+                else ExceptionGroup("multiple connection attempts failed", oserrors)
+            )
+            raise OSError("All connection attempts failed") from cause
+    finally:
+        oserrors.clear()
+
+    if tls or tls_hostname or ssl_context:
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                connected_stream,
+                server_side=False,
+                hostname=tls_hostname or str(remote_host),
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(connected_stream)
+            raise
+
+    return connected_stream
+
+
+async def connect_unix(path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any]) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+    """
+    Connect to the given UNIX socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path to the socket
+    :return: a socket stream object
+    :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+
+    """
+    path = os.fspath(path)
+    return await get_async_backend().connect_unix(path)
+
+
+async def create_tcp_listener(
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> MultiListener[SocketStream]:
+    """
+    Create a TCP socket listener.
+
+    :param local_port: port number to listen on
+    :param local_host: IP address of the interface to listen on. If omitted, listen on
+        all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. To listen on all interfaces on a specific address
+        family, use ``0.0.0.0`` for IPv4 or ``::`` for IPv6.
+    :param family: address family (used if ``local_host`` was omitted)
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a multi-listener object containing one or more socket listeners
+    :raises OSError: if there's an error creating a socket, or binding to one or more
+        interfaces failed
+
+    """
+    asynclib = get_async_backend()
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    local_host = str(local_host) if local_host is not None else None
+
+    def setup_raw_socket(
+        fam: AddressFamily,
+        bind_addr: tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int],
+        *,
+        v6only: bool = True,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        sock = socket.socket(fam)
+        try:
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            if fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+                sock.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, v6only)
+
+            # For Windows, enable exclusive address use. For others, enable address
+            # reuse.
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1)
+            else:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+
+            if reuse_port:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+
+            # Workaround for #554
+            if fam == socket.AF_INET6 and "%" in bind_addr[0]:
+                addr, scope_id = bind_addr[0].split("%", 1)
+                bind_addr = (addr, bind_addr[1], 0, int(scope_id))
+
+            sock.bind(bind_addr)
+            sock.listen(backlog)
+        except BaseException:
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+
+        return sock
+
+    # We passing type=0 on non-Windows platforms as a workaround for a uvloop bug
+    # where we don't get the correct scope ID for IPv6 link-local addresses when passing
+    # type=socket.SOCK_STREAM to getaddrinfo():
+    # https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/539
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        local_host,
+        local_port,
+        family=family,
+        type=socket.SOCK_STREAM if sys.platform == "win32" else 0,
+        flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+    )
+
+    # The set comprehension is here to work around a glibc bug:
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14969
+    sockaddrs = sorted({res for res in gai_res if res[1] == SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM})
+
+    # Special case for dual-stack binding on the "any" interface
+    if (
+        local_host is None
+        and family == AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC
+        and socket.has_dualstack_ipv6()
+        and any(fam == AddressFamily.AF_INET6 for fam, *_ in gai_res)
+    ):
+        raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(
+            AddressFamily.AF_INET6, ("::", local_port), v6only=False
+        )
+        listener = asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket)
+        return MultiListener([listener])
+
+    errors: list[OSError] = []
+    try:
+        for _ in range(len(sockaddrs)):
+            listeners: list[SocketListener] = []
+            bound_ephemeral_port = local_port
+            try:
+                for fam, *_, sockaddr in sockaddrs:
+                    sockaddr = sockaddr[0], bound_ephemeral_port, *sockaddr[2:]
+                    raw_socket = setup_raw_socket(fam, sockaddr)
+
+                    # Store the assigned port if an ephemeral port was requested, so
+                    # we'll bind to the same port on all interfaces
+                    if local_port == 0 and len(gai_res) > 1:
+                        bound_ephemeral_port = raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+
+                    listeners.append(asynclib.create_tcp_listener(raw_socket))
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                for listener in listeners:
+                    await listener.aclose()
+
+                # If an ephemeral port was requested but binding the assigned port
+                # failed for another interface, rotate the address list and try again
+                if (
+                    isinstance(exc, OSError)
+                    and exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE
+                    and local_port == 0
+                    and bound_ephemeral_port
+                ):
+                    errors.append(exc)
+                    sockaddrs.append(sockaddrs.pop(0))
+                    continue
+
+                raise
+
+            return MultiListener(listeners)
+
+        raise OSError(
+            f"Could not create {len(sockaddrs)} listeners with a consistent port"
+        ) from ExceptionGroup("Several bind attempts failed", errors)
+    finally:
+        del errors  # Prevent reference cycles
+
+
+async def create_unix_listener(
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    mode: int | None = None,
+    backlog: int = 65536,
+) -> SocketListener:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX socket listener.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
+        2**16, or 65536)
+    :return: a listener object
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        If a socket already exists on the file system in the given path, it will be
+        removed first.
+
+    """
+    backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(path, mode, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    try:
+        raw_socket.listen(backlog)
+        return get_async_backend().create_unix_listener(raw_socket)
+    except BaseException:
+        raw_socket.close()
+        raise
+
+
+async def create_udp_socket(
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> UDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UDP socket.
+
+    If ``port`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this port on the local
+    machine, making this socket suitable for providing UDP based services.
+
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a UDP socket
+
+    """
+    if family is AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC and not local_host:
+        raise ValueError('Either "family" or "local_host" must be given')
+
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+    elif family is AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
+        local_address = ("::", 0)
+    else:
+        local_address = ("0.0.0.0", 0)
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, None, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(UDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_connected_udp_socket(
+    remote_host: IPAddressType,
+    remote_port: int,
+    *,
+    family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
+    local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
+    local_port: int = 0,
+    reuse_port: bool = False,
+) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UDP socket.
+
+    Connected UDP sockets can only communicate with the specified remote host/port, an
+    any packets sent from other sources are dropped.
+
+    :param remote_host: remote host to set as the default target
+    :param remote_port: port on the remote host to set as the default target
+    :param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) – automatically
+        determined from ``local_host`` or ``remote_host`` if omitted
+    :param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
+    :param local_port: local port to bind to
+    :param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
+        address/port (not supported on Windows)
+    :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+    """
+    local_address = None
+    if local_host:
+        gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+            str(local_host),
+            local_port,
+            family=family,
+            type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
+        )
+        family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+        local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
+        str(remote_host), remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
+    remote_address = gai_res[0][-1]
+
+    sock = await get_async_backend().create_udp_socket(
+        family, local_address, remote_address, reuse_port
+    )
+    return cast(ConnectedUDPSocket, sock)
+
+
+async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making this
+    socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes can
+    send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(raw_socket, None)
+
+
+async def create_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+    remote_path: str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    *,
+    local_path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any] = None,
+    local_mode: int | None = None,
+) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+    """
+    Create a connected UNIX datagram socket.
+
+    Connected datagram sockets can only communicate with the specified remote path.
+
+    If ``local_path`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this path, making
+    this socket suitable for receiving datagrams from other processes. Other processes
+    can send datagrams to this socket only if ``local_path`` is set.
+
+    If a socket already exists on the file system in the ``local_path``, it will be
+    removed first.
+
+    :param remote_path: the path to set as the default target
+    :param local_path: the path on which to bind to
+    :param local_mode: permissions to set on the local socket
+    :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+    """
+    remote_path = os.fspath(remote_path)
+    raw_socket = await setup_unix_local_socket(
+        local_path, local_mode, socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+    )
+    return await get_async_backend().create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        raw_socket, remote_path
+    )
+
+
+async def getaddrinfo(
+    host: bytes | str | None,
+    port: str | int | None,
+    *,
+    family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+    type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+    proto: int = 0,
+    flags: int = 0,
+) -> list[tuple[AddressFamily, SocketKind, int, str, tuple[str, int]]]:
+    """
+    Look up a numeric IP address given a host name.
+
+    Internationalized domain names are translated according to the (non-transitional)
+    IDNA 2008 standard.
+
+    .. note:: 4-tuple IPv6 socket addresses are automatically converted to 2-tuples of
+        (host, port), unlike what :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` does.
+
+    :param host: host name
+    :param port: port number
+    :param family: socket family (`'AF_INET``, ...)
+    :param type: socket type (``SOCK_STREAM``, ...)
+    :param proto: protocol number
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getaddrinfo()``
+    :return: list of tuples containing (family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getaddrinfo`
+
+    """
+    # Handle unicode hostnames
+    if isinstance(host, str):
+        try:
+            encoded_host: bytes | None = host.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            import idna
+
+            encoded_host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True)
+    else:
+        encoded_host = host
+
+    gai_res = await get_async_backend().getaddrinfo(
+        encoded_host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
+    )
+    return [
+        (family, type, proto, canonname, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(sockaddr))
+        for family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr in gai_res
+        # filter out IPv6 results when IPv6 is disabled
+        if not isinstance(sockaddr[0], int)
+    ]
+
+
+def getnameinfo(sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0) -> Awaitable[tuple[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Look up the host name of an IP address.
+
+    :param sockaddr: socket address (e.g. (ipaddress, port) for IPv4)
+    :param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getnameinfo()``
+    :return: a tuple of (host name, service name)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`socket.getnameinfo`
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_readable` instead")
+def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_readable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket has data to be read.
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+@deprecated("This function is deprecated; use `wait_writable` instead")
+def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 4.7.0
+       Use :func:`wait_writable` instead.
+
+    Wait until the given socket can be written to.
+
+    This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor
+    event loop (default on py3.8+).
+
+    .. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param sock: a socket object
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
+        socket to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(sock.fileno())
+
+
+def wait_readable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object has data to be read.
+
+    On Unix systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer file descriptor, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer file descriptor. Any
+    kind of file descriptor can be passed, though the exact semantics will depend on
+    your kernel. For example, this probably won't do anything useful for on-disk files.
+
+    On Windows systems, ``obj`` must either be an integer ``SOCKET`` handle, or else an
+    object with a ``.fileno()`` method which returns an integer ``SOCKET`` handle. File
+    descriptors aren't supported, and neither are handles that refer to anything besides
+    a ``SOCKET``.
+
+    On backends where this functionality is not natively provided (asyncio
+    ``ProactorEventLoop`` on Windows), it is provided using a separate selector thread
+    which is set to shut down when the interpreter shuts down.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become readable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become readable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_readable(obj)
+
+
+def wait_writable(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> Awaitable[None]:
+    """
+    Wait until the given object can be written to.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the object was closed while waiting for the
+        object to become writable
+    :raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the object
+        to become writable
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. seealso:: See the documentation of :func:`wait_readable` for the definition of
+       ``obj`` and notes on backend compatibility.
+
+    .. warning:: Don't use this on raw sockets that have been wrapped by any higher
+        level constructs like socket streams!
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().wait_writable(obj)
+
+
+def notify_closing(obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+    """
+    Call this before closing a file descriptor (on Unix) or socket (on
+    Windows). This will cause any `wait_readable` or `wait_writable`
+    calls on the given object to immediately wake up and raise
+    `~anyio.ClosedResourceError`.
+
+    This doesn't actually close the object – you still have to do that
+    yourself afterwards. Also, you want to be careful to make sure no
+    new tasks start waiting on the object in between when you call this
+    and when it's actually closed. So to close something properly, you
+    usually want to do these steps in order:
+
+    1. Explicitly mark the object as closed, so that any new attempts
+       to use it will abort before they start.
+    2. Call `notify_closing` to wake up any already-existing users.
+    3. Actually close the object.
+
+    It's also possible to do them in a different order if that's more
+    convenient, *but only if* you make sure not to have any checkpoints in
+    between the steps. This way they all happen in a single atomic
+    step, so other tasks won't be able to tell what order they happened
+    in anyway.
+
+    :param obj: an object with a ``.fileno()`` method or an integer handle
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    get_async_backend().notify_closing(obj)
+
+
+#
+# Private API
+#
+
+
+def convert_ipv6_sockaddr(
+    sockaddr: tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[str, int],
+) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a 4-tuple IPv6 socket address to a 2-tuple (address, port) format.
+
+    If the scope ID is nonzero, it is added to the address, separated with ``%``.
+    Otherwise the flow id and scope id are simply cut off from the tuple.
+    Any other kinds of socket addresses are returned as-is.
+
+    :param sockaddr: the result of :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`
+    :return: the converted socket address
+
+    """
+    # This is more complicated than it should be because of MyPy
+    if isinstance(sockaddr, tuple) and len(sockaddr) == 4:
+        host, port, flowinfo, scope_id = sockaddr
+        if scope_id:
+            # PyPy (as of v7.3.11) leaves the interface name in the result, so
+            # we discard it and only get the scope ID from the end
+            # (https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3938)
+            host = host.split("%")[0]
+
+            # Add scope_id to the address
+            return f"{host}%{scope_id}", port
+        else:
+            return host, port
+    else:
+        return sockaddr
+
+
+async def setup_unix_local_socket(
+    path: None | str | bytes | PathLike[Any],
+    mode: int | None,
+    socktype: int,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    """
+    Create a UNIX local socket object, deleting the socket at the given path if it
+    exists.
+
+    Not available on Windows.
+
+    :param path: path of the socket
+    :param mode: permissions to set on the socket
+    :param socktype: socket.SOCK_STREAM or socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    """
+    path_str: str | None
+    if path is not None:
+        path_str = os.fsdecode(path)
+
+        # Linux abstract namespace sockets aren't backed by a concrete file so skip stat call
+        if not path_str.startswith("\0"):
+            # Copied from pathlib...
+            try:
+                stat_result = os.stat(path)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (
+                    errno.ENOENT,
+                    errno.ENOTDIR,
+                    errno.EBADF,
+                    errno.ELOOP,
+                ):
+                    raise
+            else:
+                if stat.S_ISSOCK(stat_result.st_mode):
+                    os.unlink(path)
+    else:
+        path_str = None
+
+    raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socktype)
+    raw_socket.setblocking(False)
+
+    if path_str is not None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(raw_socket.bind, path_str, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+            if mode is not None:
+                await to_thread.run_sync(chmod, path_str, mode, abandon_on_cancel=True)
+        except BaseException:
+            raw_socket.close()
+            raise
+
+    return raw_socket
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TCPConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a TCP server at the given host and port.
+
+    :param host: host name or IP address of the server
+    :param port: TCP port number of the server
+    """
+
+    host: str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+    port: int
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.port < 1 or self.port > 65535:
+            raise ValueError("TCP port number out of range")
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> SocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_tcp(self.host, self.port)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(
+                f"error connecting to {self.host}:{self.port}: {exc}"
+            ) from exc
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UNIXConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Connects to a UNIX domain socket at the given path.
+
+    :param path: the file system path of the socket
+    """
+
+    path: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        try:
+            return await connect_unix(self.path)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise ConnectionFailed(f"error connecting to {self.path!r}: {exc}") from exc
+
+
+def as_connectable(
+    remote: ByteStreamConnectable
+    | tuple[str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address, int]
+    | str
+    | bytes
+    | PathLike[str],
+    /,
+    *,
+    tls: bool = False,
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    tls_hostname: str | None = None,
+    tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
+) -> ByteStreamConnectable:
+    """
+    Return a byte stream connectable from the given object.
+
+    If a bytestream connectable is given, it is returned unchanged.
+    If a tuple of (host, port) is given, a TCP connectable is returned.
+    If a string or bytes path is given, a UNIX connectable is returned.
+
+    If ``tls=True``, the connectable will be wrapped in a
+    :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`.
+
+    :param remote: a connectable, a tuple of (host, port) or a path to a UNIX socket
+    :param tls: if ``True``, wrap the plaintext connectable in a
+        :class:`~.streams.tls.TLSConnectable`, using the provided TLS settings)
+    :param ssl_context: if ``tls=True``, the SSLContext object to use  (if not provided,
+        a secure default will be created)
+    :param tls_hostname: if ``tls=True``, host name of the server to use for checking
+        the server certificate (defaults to the host portion of the address for TCP
+        connectables)
+    :param tls_standard_compatible: if ``False`` and ``tls=True``, makes the TLS stream
+        skip the closing handshake when closing the connection, so it won't raise an
+        exception if the server does the same
+
+    """
+    connectable: TCPConnectable | UNIXConnectable | TLSConnectable
+    if isinstance(remote, ByteStreamConnectable):
+        return remote
+    elif isinstance(remote, tuple) and len(remote) == 2:
+        connectable = TCPConnectable(*remote)
+    elif isinstance(remote, (str, bytes, PathLike)):
+        connectable = UNIXConnectable(remote)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"cannot convert {remote!r} to a connectable")
+
+    if tls:
+        if not tls_hostname and isinstance(connectable, TCPConnectable):
+            tls_hostname = str(connectable.host)
+
+        connectable = TLSConnectable(
+            connectable,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            hostname=tls_hostname,
+            standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
+        )
+
+    return connectable
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b9c7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ..streams.memory import (
+    MemoryObjectReceiveStream,
+    MemoryObjectSendStream,
+    _MemoryObjectStreamState,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+
+
+class create_memory_object_stream(
+    tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]],
+):
+    """
+    Create a memory object stream.
+
+    The stream's item type can be annotated like
+    :func:`create_memory_object_stream[T_Item]`.
+
+    :param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts
+        blocking
+    :param item_type: old way of marking the streams with the right generic type for
+        static typing (does nothing on AnyIO 4)
+
+        .. deprecated:: 4.0
+          Use ``create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...)`` instead.
+    :return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream)
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls, max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: object = None
+    ) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]:
+        if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int):
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf")
+        if max_buffer_size < 0:
+            raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative")
+        if item_type is not None:
+            warn(
+                "The item_type argument has been deprecated in AnyIO 4.0. "
+                "Use create_memory_object_stream[YourItemType](...) instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        state = _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_Item](max_buffer_size)
+        return (MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9796f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from io import BytesIO
+from os import PathLike
+from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess
+from typing import IO, Any, TypeAlias, cast
+
+from ..abc import Process
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._tasks import create_task_group
+
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+async def run_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    input: bytes | None = None,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = None,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    check: bool = True,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
+    """
+    Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes.
+
+    .. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`; ``input`` overrides this
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or `None`
+    :param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the
+        process terminates with a return code other than 0
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the
+        command
+    :param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment
+        variables from the parent process
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (Python >= 3.9,
+        POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (Python >= 3.9, POSIX only)
+    :return: an object representing the completed process
+    :raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process
+        exits with a nonzero return code
+
+    """
+
+    async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None:
+        buffer = BytesIO()
+        async for chunk in stream:
+            buffer.write(chunk)
+
+        stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue()
+
+    if stdin is not None and input is not None:
+        raise ValueError("only one of stdin and input is allowed")
+
+    async with await open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=PIPE if input else stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        user=user,
+        group=group,
+        extra_groups=extra_groups,
+        umask=umask,
+    ) as process:
+        stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None]
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            if process.stdout:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0)
+
+            if process.stderr:
+                tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1)
+
+            if process.stdin and input:
+                await process.stdin.send(input)
+                await process.stdin.aclose()
+
+            await process.wait()
+
+    output, errors = stream_contents
+    if check and process.returncode != 0:
+        raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors)
+
+    return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors)
+
+
+async def open_process(
+    command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+    *,
+    stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
+    cwd: StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    startupinfo: Any = None,
+    creationflags: int = 0,
+    start_new_session: bool = False,
+    pass_fds: Sequence[int] = (),
+    user: str | int | None = None,
+    group: str | int | None = None,
+    extra_groups: Iterable[str | int] | None = None,
+    umask: int = -1,
+) -> Process:
+    """
+    Start an external command in a subprocess.
+
+    .. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen`
+
+    :param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings
+        containing the executable name or path and its arguments
+    :param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a
+        file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
+        :data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None``
+    :param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing
+    :param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the
+        environment variables for the new process
+    :param creationflags: flags that can be used to control the creation of the
+        subprocess (see :class:`subprocess.Popen` for the specifics)
+    :param startupinfo: an instance of :class:`subprocess.STARTUPINFO` that can be used
+        to specify process startup parameters (Windows only)
+    :param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the
+        child process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
+    :param pass_fds: sequence of file descriptors to keep open between the parent and
+        child processes. (POSIX only)
+    :param user: effective user to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param group: effective group to run the process as (POSIX only)
+    :param extra_groups: supplementary groups to set in the subprocess (POSIX only)
+    :param umask: if not negative, this umask is applied in the child process before
+        running the given command (POSIX only)
+    :return: an asynchronous process object
+
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if user is not None:
+        kwargs["user"] = user
+
+    if group is not None:
+        kwargs["group"] = group
+
+    if extra_groups is not None:
+        kwargs["extra_groups"] = group
+
+    if umask >= 0:
+        kwargs["umask"] = umask
+
+    return await get_async_backend().open_process(
+        command,
+        stdin=stdin,
+        stdout=stdout,
+        stderr=stderr,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=env,
+        startupinfo=startupinfo,
+        creationflags=creationflags,
+        start_new_session=start_new_session,
+        pass_fds=pass_fds,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed19116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError, NoEventLoopError
+from ._tasks import CancelScope
+from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class EventStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks
+    :ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens
+    :ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from
+        this limiter
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or
+        :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of`
+    """
+
+    borrowed_tokens: int
+    total_tokens: float
+    borrowers: tuple[object, ...]
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LockStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not
+    :ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the
+        lock is not held by any task)
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire`
+    """
+
+    locked: bool
+    owner: TaskInfo | None
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConditionStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait`
+    :ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying
+        :class:`~.Lock`
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+    lock_statistics: LockStatistics
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SemaphoreStatistics:
+    """
+    :ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire`
+
+    """
+
+    tasks_waiting: int
+
+
+class Event:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Event:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_event()
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return EventAdapter()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        """Set the flag, notifying all listeners."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the flag has been set.
+
+        If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns
+        immediately.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        """Return statistics about the current state of this event."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class EventAdapter(Event):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_event", "_is_set"
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> EventAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._internal_event: Event | None = None
+        self._is_set = False
+
+    @property
+    def _event(self) -> Event:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._internal_event = get_async_backend().create_event()
+            if self._is_set:
+                self._internal_event.set()
+
+        return self._internal_event
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            self._is_set = True
+        else:
+            self._event.set()
+
+    def is_set(self) -> bool:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return self._is_set
+
+        return self._internal_event.is_set()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        await self._event.wait()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
+        if self._internal_event is None:
+            return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._internal_event.statistics()
+
+
+class Lock:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> Lock:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_lock(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return LockAdapter(fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class LockAdapter(Lock):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_lock", "_fast_acquire"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool = False) -> LockAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fast_acquire: bool = False):
+        self._internal_lock: Lock | None = None
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    @property
+    def _lock(self) -> Lock:
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            self._internal_lock = get_async_backend().create_lock(
+                fast_acquire=self._fast_acquire
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_lock
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._internal_lock is not None:
+            self._internal_lock.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is currently held."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        if self._internal_lock is None:
+            return LockStatistics(False, None, 0)
+
+        return self._internal_lock.statistics()
+
+
+class Condition:
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "_owner_task", "_lock", "_waiters"
+
+    def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None):
+        self._owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
+        self._lock = lock or Lock()
+        self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    def _check_acquired(self) -> None:
+        if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
+            raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock")
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Acquire the underlying lock."""
+        await self._lock.acquire()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        self._lock.acquire_nowait()
+        self._owner_task = get_current_task()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Release the underlying lock."""
+        self._lock.release()
+
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the lock is set."""
+        return self._lock.locked()
+
+    def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Notify exactly n listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                event = self._waiters.popleft()
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+
+            event.set()
+
+    def notify_all(self) -> None:
+        """Notify all the listeners."""
+        self._check_acquired()
+        for event in self._waiters:
+            event.set()
+
+        self._waiters.clear()
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """Wait for a notification."""
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        self._check_acquired()
+        event = Event()
+        self._waiters.append(event)
+        self.release()
+        try:
+            await event.wait()
+        except BaseException:
+            if not event.is_set():
+                self._waiters.remove(event)
+            elif self._waiters:
+                # This task was notified by could not act on it, so pass
+                # it on to the next task
+                self._waiters.popleft().set()
+
+            raise
+        finally:
+            with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                await self.acquire()
+
+    async def wait_for(self, predicate: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        """
+        Wait until a predicate becomes true.
+
+        :param predicate: a callable that returns a truthy value when the condition is
+            met
+        :return: the result of the predicate
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+        """
+        while not (result := predicate()):
+            await self.wait()
+
+        return result
+
+    def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this condition.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics())
+
+
+class Semaphore:
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "_fast_acquire"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire
+            )
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return SemaphoreAdapter(initial_value, max_value=max_value)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ):
+        if not isinstance(initial_value, int):
+            raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer")
+        if initial_value < 0:
+            raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0")
+        if max_value is not None:
+            if not isinstance(max_value, int):
+                raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None")
+            if max_value < initial_value:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value"
+                )
+
+        self._fast_acquire = fast_acquire
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Semaphore:
+        await self.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.release()
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """Increment the semaphore value."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        """The current value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """The maximum value of the semaphore."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class SemaphoreAdapter(Semaphore):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_semaphore", "_initial_value", "_max_value"
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> SemaphoreAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(initial_value, max_value=max_value, fast_acquire=fast_acquire)
+        self._internal_semaphore: Semaphore | None = None
+        self._initial_value = initial_value
+        self._max_value = max_value
+
+    @property
+    def _semaphore(self) -> Semaphore:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            self._internal_semaphore = get_async_backend().create_semaphore(
+                self._initial_value, max_value=self._max_value
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_semaphore
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return self._initial_value
+
+        return self._semaphore.value
+
+    @property
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        return self._max_value
+
+    def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
+        if self._internal_semaphore is None:
+            return SemaphoreStatistics(tasks_waiting=0)
+
+        return self._semaphore.statistics()
+
+
+class CapacityLimiter:
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        try:
+            return get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens)
+        except NoEventLoopError:
+            return CapacityLimiterAdapter(total_tokens)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The total number of tokens available for borrowing.
+
+        This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the
+        proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their
+        tokens.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The property is now writable.
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+            The value can now be set to 0.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        """The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        """The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become
+        available.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become
+        available.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
+
+        :param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the current task.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        """
+        Release the token held by the given borrower.
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this
+            limiter.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this limiter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class CapacityLimiterAdapter(CapacityLimiter):
+    __slots__ = "_internal_limiter", "_total_tokens"
+
+    def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiterAdapter:
+        return object.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __init__(self, total_tokens: float) -> None:
+        self._internal_limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None
+        self.total_tokens = total_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def _limiter(self) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._internal_limiter = get_async_backend().create_capacity_limiter(
+                self._total_tokens
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.__aenter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return await self._limiter.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    @property
+    def total_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.total_tokens
+
+    @total_tokens.setter
+    def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(value, int) and value is not math.inf:
+            raise TypeError("total_tokens must be an int or math.inf")
+        elif value < 1:
+            raise ValueError("total_tokens must be >= 1")
+
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            self._total_tokens = value
+            return
+
+        self._limiter.total_tokens = value
+
+    @property
+    def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return 0
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.borrowed_tokens
+
+    @property
+    def available_tokens(self) -> float:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return self._total_tokens
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.available_tokens
+
+    def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_nowait()
+
+    def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire()
+
+    async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        await self._limiter.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release()
+
+    def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
+        self._limiter.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
+
+    def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
+        if self._internal_limiter is None:
+            return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
+                borrowed_tokens=0,
+                total_tokens=self.total_tokens,
+                borrowers=(),
+                tasks_waiting=0,
+            )
+
+        return self._internal_limiter.statistics()
+
+
+class ResourceGuard:
+    """
+    A context manager for ensuring that a resource is only used by a single task at a
+    time.
+
+    Entering this context manager while the previous has not exited it yet will trigger
+    :exc:`BusyResourceError`.
+
+    :param action: the action to guard against (visible in the :exc:`BusyResourceError`
+        when triggered, e.g. "Another task is already {action} this resource")
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.1
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "__weakref__", "action", "_guarded"
+
+    def __init__(self, action: str = "using"):
+        self.action: str = action
+        self._guarded = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        if self._guarded:
+            raise BusyResourceError(self.action)
+
+        self._guarded = True
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._guarded = False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..108393e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
+)
+from contextlib import (
+    contextmanager,
+)
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from inspect import iscoroutine
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Generic, final
+
+from ..abc import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._exceptions import TaskCancelled, TaskFailed, TaskNotFinished
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Never, TypeVarTuple
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Never, TypeVarTuple
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_startval = TypeVar("T_startval", covariant=True, default=Never)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_current_task_handle: ContextVar[TaskHandle] = ContextVar("_current_task_handle")
+
+
+class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]):
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus()
+
+
+class CancelScope:
+    """
+    Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable.
+
+    :param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("__weakref__",)
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline)
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this scope immediately.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> float:
+        """
+        The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically.
+
+        Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @deadline.setter
+    def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
+        """``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def cancelled_caught(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope suppressed a cancellation exception it itself raised.
+
+        This is typically used to check if any work was interrupted, or to see if the
+        scope was cancelled due to its deadline being reached. The value will, however,
+        only be ``True`` if the cancellation was triggered by the scope itself (and not
+        an outer scope).
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def shield(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        ``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation.
+
+        While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @shield.setter
+    def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def fail_after(
+    delay: float | None, shield: bool = False
+) -> Generator[CancelScope, None, None]:
+    """
+    Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if does not finish in
+    time.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
+    :rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    current_time = get_async_backend().current_time
+    deadline = (current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    with get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(
+        deadline=deadline, shield=shield
+    ) as cancel_scope:
+        yield cancel_scope
+
+    if cancel_scope.cancelled_caught and current_time() >= cancel_scope.deadline:
+        raise TimeoutError
+
+
+def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
+    """
+    Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
+
+    :param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or
+        ``None`` to disable the timeout
+    :param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
+    :return: a cancel scope
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    deadline = (
+        (get_async_backend().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
+    )
+    return get_async_backend().create_cancel_scope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
+
+
+def current_effective_deadline() -> float:
+    """
+    Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current
+    task.
+
+    :return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if
+        there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has
+        been cancelled)
+    :rtype: float
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_effective_deadline()
+
+
+def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup:
+    """
+    Create a task group.
+
+    :return: a task group
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().create_task_group()
+
+
+@final
+class TaskHandle(Generic[T_co, T_startval]):
+    """
+    Returned from the task-spawning methods of :class:`TaskGroup`. Can be awaited on to
+    get the return value of the task (or the raised exception). If the task was
+    terminated by a :exc:`BaseException`, :exc:`TaskFailed` will be raised (or its
+    subclass :exc:`TaskCancelled` if the task was cancelled).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+    """
+
+    class Status(Enum):
+        """
+        The status of a task handle.
+
+        .. attribute:: PENDING
+
+            The task has not finished yet.
+        .. attribute:: FINISHED
+
+            The task has finished with a return value.
+        .. attribute:: CANCELLING
+
+            The task has been cancelled but has not finished yet.
+        .. attribute:: CANCELLED
+
+            The task was cancelled and has finished since.
+        .. attribute:: FAILED
+
+            The task raised an exception.
+        """
+
+        PENDING = auto()
+        FINISHED = auto()
+        CANCELLING = auto()
+        CANCELLED = auto()
+        FAILED = auto()
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "__weakref__",
+        "_coro",
+        "_name",
+        "_cancel_scope",
+        "_finished_event",
+        "_return_value",
+        "_start_value",
+        "_exception",
+    )
+
+    _return_value: T_co
+    _start_value: T_startval
+
+    def __init__(self, coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co], name: object) -> None:
+        from ._synchronization import Event
+
+        self._coro = coro
+        self._cancel_scope = CancelScope()
+        self._finished_event = Event()
+        self._exception: BaseException | None = None
+
+        if name is not None:
+            self._name = str(name)
+        elif iscoroutine(coro):
+            self._name = coro.__qualname__
+        else:
+            self._name = str(coro)  # coroutine-like object (e.g. asend() objects)
+
+    async def _run_coro(self) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        with self._cancel_scope:
+            try:
+                retval = await self._coro
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._exception = exc
+                raise
+            else:
+                self._return_value = retval
+            finally:
+                self._finished_event.set()
+                del self  # Break the reference cycle
+
+    def cancel(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the task to a cancelled state.
+
+        This will interrupt any interruptible asynchronous operation, and will cause
+        any further awaits on this task to get immediately cancelled, unless done in
+        a shielded cancel scope.
+
+        If the task has already finished, this method has no effect.
+        """
+        if not self._finished_event.is_set():
+            self._cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+    @property
+    def coro(self) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
+        """
+        The coroutine object that was passed to one of the task-spawning methods in
+        :class:`TaskGroup`.
+        """
+        return self._coro
+
+    @property
+    def status(self) -> TaskHandle.Status:
+        """
+        The current status of the task.
+
+        Every task starts in the :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.PENDING` state.
+        If a task is cancelled while in this state, it will transition to the
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING` state. When the task finishes, it will
+        transition to one of the three final states (
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED`, :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.FAILED`, or
+        :attr:`~TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING`) depending on the exception the task
+        raised, if any. No other status transitions will happen.
+        """
+        if not self._finished_event.is_set():
+            if self._cancel_scope.cancel_called:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING
+            else:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.PENDING
+        elif self._exception is not None:
+            if isinstance(self._exception, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                return TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED
+            else:
+                return TaskHandle.Status.FAILED
+        else:
+            return TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the task."""
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> BaseException | None:
+        """
+        The exception raised by the task, or ``None`` if it finished without raising.
+
+        :raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
+        :raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
+
+        """
+        match self.status:
+            case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
+                return None
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
+                return self._exception
+
+    @property
+    def return_value(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        The return value of the task.
+
+        :raises TaskNotFinished: if the task has not finished yet
+        :raises TaskCancelled: if the task was cancelled
+        :raises TaskFailed: if the task raised an exception
+
+        """
+        match self.status:
+            case TaskHandle.Status.PENDING:
+                raise TaskNotFinished("the task has not finished yet")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FINISHED:
+                return self._return_value
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLING:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled")
+            case TaskHandle.Status.CANCELLED:
+                raise TaskCancelled("the task was cancelled") from self._exception
+            case TaskHandle.Status.FAILED:
+                raise TaskFailed("the task raised an exception") from self._exception
+
+    @property
+    def start_value(self) -> T_startval:
+        """
+        The value passed to :meth:`task_status.started() <.abc.TaskStatus.started>`,
+
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task was not started with :meth:`TaskGroup.start()
+            <.abc.TaskGroup.start>`
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._start_value
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "the task was not started with TaskGroup.start()"
+            ) from None
+
+    async def wait(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait for the task to finish.
+
+        This method will return as soon as the task has finished, no matter how it
+        happened.
+        """
+        await self._finished_event.wait()
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, Any, T_co]:
+        yield from self._finished_event.wait().__await__()
+        return self.return_value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.status.name.lower()} "
+            f"name={self._name!r} coro={self._coro!r}>"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a09f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_tempfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AnyStr,
+    Generic,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from .. import to_thread
+from .._core._fileio import AsyncFile
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
+
+
+class TemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager interface to a temporary file.
+    The file is created using Python's standard `tempfile.TemporaryFile` function in a
+    background thread, and is wrapped as an asynchronous file using `AsyncFile`.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: TemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenTextMode | OpenBinaryMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.buffering = buffering
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.newline = newline
+        self.suffix: str | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: str | None = prefix
+        self.dir: str | None = dir
+        self.errors = errors
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(
+                self.mode,
+                self.buffering,
+                self.encoding,
+                self.newline,
+                self.suffix,
+                self.prefix,
+                self.dir,
+                errors=self.errors,
+            )
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class NamedTemporaryFile(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous named temporary file that is automatically created and cleaned up.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for a temporary file with a
+    visible name in the file system. It uses Python's standard
+    :func:`~tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile` function and wraps the file object with
+    :class:`AsyncFile` for asynchronous operations.
+
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file. Only applicable in
+        text mode.
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (only applicable in text
+        mode).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the file when it is closed.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    :param delete_on_close: (Python 3.12+) Whether to delete the file on close.
+    """
+
+    _async_file: AsyncFile[AnyStr]
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: NamedTemporaryFile[str],
+        mode: OpenTextMode,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        delete: bool = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+        delete_on_close: bool = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        delete: bool = True,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+        delete_on_close: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "delete": delete,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            self._params["delete_on_close"] = delete_on_close
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
+        fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**self._params)
+        )
+        self._async_file = AsyncFile(fp)
+        return self._async_file
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._async_file.aclose()
+
+
+class SpooledTemporaryFile(AsyncFile[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous spooled temporary file that starts in memory and is spooled to disk.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous interface to a spooled temporary file, much like
+    Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile`. It supports asynchronous
+    write operations and provides a method to force a rollover to disk.
+
+    :param max_size: Maximum size in bytes before the file is rolled over to disk.
+    :param mode: The mode in which the file is opened. Defaults to "w+b".
+    :param buffering: The buffering policy (-1 means the default buffering).
+    :param encoding: The encoding used to decode or encode the file (text mode only).
+    :param newline: Controls how universal newlines mode works (text mode only).
+    :param suffix: The suffix for the temporary file name.
+    :param prefix: The prefix for the temporary file name.
+    :param dir: The directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param errors: The error handling scheme used for encoding/decoding errors.
+    """
+
+    _rolled: bool = False
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str],
+        max_size: int = ...,
+        mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
+        buffering: int = ...,
+        encoding: str | None = ...,
+        newline: str | None = ...,
+        suffix: str | None = ...,
+        prefix: str | None = ...,
+        dir: str | None = ...,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = ...,
+    ): ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size: int = 0,
+        mode: OpenBinaryMode | OpenTextMode = "w+b",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        newline: str | None = None,
+        suffix: str | None = None,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        dir: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        errors: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._tempfile_params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "mode": mode,
+            "buffering": buffering,
+            "encoding": encoding,
+            "newline": newline,
+            "suffix": suffix,
+            "prefix": prefix,
+            "dir": dir,
+            "errors": errors,
+        }
+        self._max_size = max_size
+        if "b" in mode:
+            super().__init__(BytesIO())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        else:
+            super().__init__(
+                TextIOWrapper(  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    BytesIO(),
+                    encoding=encoding,
+                    errors=errors,
+                    newline=newline,
+                    write_through=True,
+                )
+            )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            self._fp.close()
+            return
+
+        await super().aclose()
+
+    async def _check(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled or self._fp.tell() <= self._max_size:
+            return
+
+        await self.rollover()
+
+    async def rollover(self) -> None:
+        if self._rolled:
+            return
+
+        self._rolled = True
+        buffer = self._fp
+        buffer.seek(0)
+        self._fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryFile(**self._tempfile_params)
+        )
+        await self.write(buffer.read())
+        buffer.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._fp.closed
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read(size)
+
+        return await super().read(size)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def read1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.read1(size)
+
+        return await super().read1(size)
+
+    async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readline()
+
+        return await super().readline()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.readlines()
+
+        return await super().readlines()  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def readinto(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto(b)
+
+    async def readinto1(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            self._fp.readinto(b)
+
+        return await super().readinto1(b)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.seek(offset, whence)
+
+        return await super().seek(offset, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.tell()
+
+        return await super().tell()
+
+    async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            return self._fp.truncate(size)
+
+        return await super().truncate(size)
+
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int: ...
+    @overload
+    async def write(self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], b: str) -> int: ...
+
+    async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write data to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the data is written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param s: The data to write.
+        :return: The number of bytes written.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.write(b)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().write(b)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    async def writelines(
+        self: SpooledTemporaryFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[str] | Iterable[ReadableBuffer]) -> None:
+        """
+        Asynchronously write a list of lines to the spooled temporary file.
+
+        If the file has not yet been rolled over, the lines are written synchronously,
+        and a rollover is triggered if the size exceeds the maximum size.
+
+        :param lines: An iterable of lines to write.
+        :raises RuntimeError: If the underlying file is not initialized.
+
+        """
+        if not self._rolled:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+            result = self._fp.writelines(lines)
+            await self._check()
+            return result
+
+        return await super().writelines(lines)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class TemporaryDirectory(Generic[AnyStr]):
+    """
+    An asynchronous temporary directory that is created and cleaned up automatically.
+
+    This class provides an asynchronous context manager for creating a temporary
+    directory. It wraps Python's standard :class:`~tempfile.TemporaryDirectory` to
+    perform directory creation and cleanup operations in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the temporary directory name.
+    :param dir: The parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :param ignore_cleanup_errors: Whether to ignore errors during cleanup
+    :param delete: Whether to delete the directory upon closing (Python 3.12+).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+        dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+        *,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = False,
+        delete: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.suffix: AnyStr | None = suffix
+        self.prefix: AnyStr | None = prefix
+        self.dir: AnyStr | None = dir
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+        self.delete = delete
+
+        self._tempdir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory | None = None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> str:
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "suffix": self.suffix,
+            "prefix": self.prefix,
+            "dir": self.dir,
+            "ignore_cleanup_errors": self.ignore_cleanup_errors,
+        }
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            params["delete"] = self.delete
+
+        self._tempdir = await to_thread.run_sync(
+            lambda: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(**params)
+        )
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.__enter__)
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(
+                self._tempdir.__exit__, exc_type, exc_value, traceback
+            )
+
+    async def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        if self._tempdir is not None:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._tempdir.cleanup)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
+
+
+async def mkstemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+    text: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[int, str | bytes]:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary file and return an OS-level handle and the file
+    name.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkstemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the file name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the file name.
+    :param dir: Directory in which the temporary file is created.
+    :param text: Whether the file is opened in text mode.
+    :return: A tuple containing the file descriptor and the file name.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkstemp, suffix, prefix, dir, text)
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: str | None = None,
+    prefix: str | None = None,
+    dir: str | None = None,
+) -> str: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: bytes | None = None,
+    prefix: bytes | None = None,
+    dir: bytes | None = None,
+) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+async def mkdtemp(
+    suffix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    prefix: AnyStr | None = None,
+    dir: AnyStr | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously create a temporary directory and return its path.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.mkdtemp` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :param suffix: Suffix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param prefix: Prefix to be added to the directory name.
+    :param dir: Parent directory where the temporary directory is created.
+    :return: The path of the created temporary directory.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.mkdtemp, suffix, prefix, dir)
+
+
+async def gettempdir() -> str:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdir` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as a string.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdir)
+
+
+async def gettempdirb() -> bytes:
+    """
+    Asynchronously return the name of the directory used for temporary files in bytes.
+
+    This function wraps `tempfile.gettempdirb` and executes it in a background thread.
+
+    :return: The path of the temporary directory as bytes.
+
+    """
+    return await to_thread.run_sync(tempfile.gettempdirb)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..369e65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from ._eventloop import get_async_backend
+
+
+class TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Represents an asynchronous task.
+
+    :ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task
+    :ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any
+    :vartype parent_id: Optional[int]
+    :ivar str name: the description of the task (if any)
+    :ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "id", "parent_id", "name", "coro"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id: int,
+        parent_id: int | None,
+        name: str | None,
+        coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any],
+    ):
+        func = get_current_task
+        self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
+        self.id: int = id
+        self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id
+        self.name: str | None = name
+        self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, TaskInfo):
+            return self.id == other.id
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.id)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})"
+
+    def has_pending_cancellation(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return ``True`` if the task has a cancellation pending, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        """
+        return False
+
+
+def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
+    """
+    Return the current task.
+
+    :return: a representation of the current task
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().get_current_task()
+
+
+def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]:
+    """
+    Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop.
+
+    :return: a list of task info objects
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return cast("list[TaskInfo]", get_async_backend().get_running_tasks())
+
+
+async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None:
+    """Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something."""
+    await get_async_backend().wait_all_tasks_blocked()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f358a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/_core/_typedattr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, final, overload
+
+from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError
+
+T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr")
+T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default")
+undefined = object()
+
+
+def typed_attribute() -> Any:
+    """Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes."""
+    return object()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeSet:
+    """
+    Superclass for typed attribute collections.
+
+    Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation.
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {})
+        for attrname in dir(cls):
+            if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation"
+                )
+
+        super().__init_subclass__()
+
+
+class TypedAttributeProvider:
+    """Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes."""
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]:
+        """
+        A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding
+        values.
+
+        If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should
+        also be included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the
+        callables from the wrapped instance).
+
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default: ...
+
+    @final
+    def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object:
+        """
+        extra(attribute, default=undefined)
+
+        Return the value of the given typed extra attribute.
+
+        :param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to
+            look for
+        :param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the
+            attribute
+        :raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default
+            value was given
+
+        """
+        try:
+            getter = self.extra_attributes[attribute]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is undefined:
+                raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None
+            else:
+                return default
+
+        return getter()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d560ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ._eventloop import AsyncBackend as AsyncBackend
+from ._resources import AsyncResource as AsyncResource
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUDPSocket as ConnectedUDPSocket
+from ._sockets import ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket as ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import IPAddressType as IPAddressType
+from ._sockets import IPSockAddrType as IPSockAddrType
+from ._sockets import SocketAttribute as SocketAttribute
+from ._sockets import SocketListener as SocketListener
+from ._sockets import SocketStream as SocketStream
+from ._sockets import UDPPacketType as UDPPacketType
+from ._sockets import UDPSocket as UDPSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramPacketType as UNIXDatagramPacketType
+from ._sockets import UNIXDatagramSocket as UNIXDatagramSocket
+from ._sockets import UNIXSocketStream as UNIXSocketStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteReceiveStream as AnyByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteSendStream as AnyByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStream as AnyByteStream
+from ._streams import AnyByteStreamConnectable as AnyByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream as AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteSendStream as AnyUnreliableByteSendStream
+from ._streams import AnyUnreliableByteStream as AnyUnreliableByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream as ByteReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ByteSendStream as ByteSendStream
+from ._streams import ByteStream as ByteStream
+from ._streams import ByteStreamConnectable as ByteStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import Listener as Listener
+from ._streams import ObjectReceiveStream as ObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import ObjectSendStream as ObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStream as ObjectStream
+from ._streams import ObjectStreamConnectable as ObjectStreamConnectable
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectReceiveStream as UnreliableObjectReceiveStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectSendStream as UnreliableObjectSendStream
+from ._streams import UnreliableObjectStream as UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._subprocesses import Process as Process
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup as TaskGroup
+from ._tasks import TaskStatus as TaskStatus
+from ._testing import TestRunner as TestRunner
+
+# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility
+# isort: off
+from .._core._synchronization import (
+    CapacityLimiter as CapacityLimiter,
+    Condition as Condition,
+    Event as Event,
+    Lock as Lock,
+    Semaphore as Semaphore,
+)
+from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as CancelScope
+from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal as BlockingPortal
+
+# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
+for __value in list(locals().values()):
+    if getattr(__value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio.abc."):
+        __value.__module__ = __name__
+
+del __value
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad3fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_eventloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Sequence
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from os import PathLike
+from signal import Signals
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, socket
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
+
+    from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Event, Lock, Semaphore
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
+    from .._core._testing import TaskInfo
+    from ._sockets import (
+        ConnectedUDPSocket,
+        ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket,
+        IPSockAddrType,
+        SocketListener,
+        SocketStream,
+        UDPSocket,
+        UNIXDatagramSocket,
+        UNIXSocketStream,
+    )
+    from ._subprocesses import Process
+    from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+    from ._testing import TestRunner
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+StrOrBytesPath: TypeAlias = str | bytes | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes]
+
+
+class AsyncBackend(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        options: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+        The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param kwargs: positional arguments to ``func``
+        :param options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation
+            with
+        :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_token(cls) -> object:
+        """
+        Return an object that allows other threads to run code inside the event loop.
+
+        :return: a token object, specific to the event loop running in the current
+            thread
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_time(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
+
+        :return: the clock value (seconds)
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def cancelled_exception_class(cls) -> type[BaseException]:
+        """Return the exception class that is raised in a task if it's cancelled."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the task has been cancelled, and allow rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This is effectively the same as running :meth:`checkpoint_if_cancelled` and then
+        :meth:`cancel_shielded_checkpoint`.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def checkpoint_if_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Check if the current task group has been cancelled.
+
+        This will check if the task has been cancelled, but will not allow other tasks
+        to be scheduled if not.
+
+        """
+        if cls.current_effective_deadline() == -math.inf:
+            await cls.checkpoint()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint(cls) -> None:
+        """
+        Allow the rescheduling of other tasks.
+
+        This will give other tasks the opportunity to run, but without checking if the
+        current task group has been cancelled, unlike with :meth:`checkpoint`.
+
+        """
+        with cls.create_cancel_scope(shield=True):
+            await cls.sleep(0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def sleep(cls, delay: float) -> None:
+        """
+        Pause the current task for the specified duration.
+
+        :param delay: the duration, in seconds
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_cancel_scope(
+        cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
+    ) -> CancelScope:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_effective_deadline(cls) -> float:
+        """
+        Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the
+        current task.
+
+        :return:
+            - a clock value from the event loop's internal clock
+            - ``inf`` if there is no deadline in effect
+            - ``-inf`` if the current scope has been cancelled
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task_group(cls) -> TaskGroup:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_event(cls) -> Event:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_lock(cls, *, fast_acquire: bool) -> Lock:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_semaphore(
+        cls,
+        initial_value: int,
+        *,
+        max_value: int | None = None,
+        fast_acquire: bool = False,
+    ) -> Semaphore:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_capacity_limiter(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+        limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def check_cancelled(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_async_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_co:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_sync_from_thread(
+        cls,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        token: object,
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def open_process(
+        cls,
+        command: StrOrBytesPath | Sequence[StrOrBytesPath],
+        *,
+        stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Process:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(cls, workers: set[Process]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        cls, host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
+    ) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect_unix(cls, path: str | bytes) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_tcp_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_unix_listener(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_udp_socket(
+        cls,
+        family: AddressFamily,
+        local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
+        reuse_port: bool,
+    ) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def create_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, raw_socket: socket, remote_path: str | bytes | None
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket | ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        cls,
+        host: bytes | str | None,
+        port: str | int | None,
+        *,
+        family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
+        type: int | SocketKind = 0,
+        proto: int = 0,
+        flags: int = 0,
+    ) -> Sequence[
+        tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[int, bytes],
+        ]
+    ]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        cls, sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_readable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_writable(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def notify_closing(cls, obj: FileDescriptorLike) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_listener_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketListener:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> SocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_stream_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_udp_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_unix_datagram_socket(cls, sock: socket) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(
+        cls, sock: socket
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def current_default_thread_limiter(cls) -> CapacityLimiter:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def open_signal_receiver(
+        cls, *signals: Signals
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[AsyncIterator[Signals]]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_current_task(cls) -> TaskInfo:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_running_tasks(cls) -> Sequence[TaskInfo]:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait_all_tasks_blocked(cls) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_test_runner(cls, options: dict[str, Any]) -> TestRunner:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10df115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources.
+
+    Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter,
+    and calls :meth:`aclose` on exit.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """Close the resource."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feb26bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_sockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import socket
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Mapping
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+from io import IOBase
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
+from socket import AddressFamily
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .._core._typedattr import (
+    TypedAttributeProvider,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+IPAddressType: TypeAlias = str | IPv4Address | IPv6Address
+IPSockAddrType: TypeAlias = tuple[str, int]
+SockAddrType: TypeAlias = IPSockAddrType | str
+UDPPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]
+UNIXDatagramPacketType: TypeAlias = tuple[bytes, str]
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+
+
+def _validate_socket(
+    sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    sock_type: socket.SocketKind,
+    addr_family: socket.AddressFamily = socket.AF_UNSPEC,
+    *,
+    require_connected: bool = False,
+    require_bound: bool = False,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(fileno=sock_or_fd)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENOTSOCK:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "the file descriptor does not refer to a socket"
+                ) from exc
+            elif require_connected:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+            elif require_bound:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address") from exc
+            else:
+                raise
+    elif isinstance(sock_or_fd, socket.socket):
+        sock = sock_or_fd
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"expected an int or socket, got {type(sock_or_fd).__qualname__} instead"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        if require_connected:
+            try:
+                sock.getpeername()
+            except OSError as exc:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be connected") from exc
+
+        if require_bound:
+            try:
+                if sock.family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    bound_addr = sock.getsockname()
+            except OSError:
+                bound_addr = None
+
+            if not bound_addr:
+                raise ValueError("the socket must be bound to a local address")
+
+        if addr_family != socket.AF_UNSPEC and sock.family != addr_family:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"address family mismatch: expected {addr_family.name}, got "
+                f"{sock.family.name}"
+            )
+
+        if sock.type != sock_type:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"socket type mismatch: expected {sock_type.name}, got {sock.type.name}"
+            )
+    except BaseException:
+        # Avoid ResourceWarning from the locally constructed socket object
+        if isinstance(sock_or_fd, int):
+            sock.detach()
+
+        raise
+
+    sock.setblocking(False)
+    return sock
+
+
+class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """
+    .. attribute:: family
+        :type: socket.AddressFamily
+
+        the address family of the underlying socket
+
+    .. attribute:: local_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the local address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: local_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the local port the underlying socket is bound to
+
+    .. attribute:: raw_socket
+        :type: socket.socket
+
+        the underlying stdlib socket object
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_address
+        :type: tuple[str, int] | str
+
+        the remote address the underlying socket is connected to
+
+    .. attribute:: remote_port
+        :type: int
+
+        for IP based sockets, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to
+    """
+
+    family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute()
+    local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    local_port: int = typed_attribute()
+    raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute()
+    remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
+    remote_port: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider):
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert
+
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family,
+            SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert(
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()
+            ),
+            SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket,
+        }
+        try:
+            peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername())
+        except OSError:
+            peername = None
+
+        # Provide the remote address for connected sockets
+        if peername is not None:
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername
+
+        # Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets
+        if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6):
+            attributes[SocketAttribute.local_port] = lambda: (
+                self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
+            )
+            if peername is not None:
+                remote_port = peername[1]
+                attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port
+
+        return attributes
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        pass
+
+
+class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Transports bytes over a socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> SocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_connected=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_stream_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream):
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UNIXSocketStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX socket stream.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX socket stream
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_stream_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
+        """
+        Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer.
+
+        :param message: a non-empty bytestring
+        :param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file
+            or socket objects)
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
+        """
+        Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer.
+
+        :param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer
+        :param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer
+        :return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors)
+        """
+
+
+class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Listens to incoming socket connections.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> SocketListener:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a socket listener.
+
+        The newly created listener takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a socket listener
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_STREAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_listener_socket(sock)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
+        """Accept an incoming connection."""
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+            if task_group is None:
+                task_group = await stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group())
+
+            while True:
+                stream = await self.accept()
+                task_group.start_soon(handler, stream)
+
+
+class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> UDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must be bound to a local address.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, require_bound=True)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_udp_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port))).
+
+        """
+        return await self.send((data, (host, port)))
+
+
+class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents an connected UDP socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(cls, sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UDP socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UDP socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd,
+            socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
+            require_connected=True,
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_udp_socket(sock)
+
+
+class UNIXDatagramSocket(
+    UnreliableObjectStream[UNIXDatagramPacketType], _SocketProvider
+):
+    """
+    Represents an unconnected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> UNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX)
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
+
+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, path: str) -> None:
+        """Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, path))."""
+        return await self.send((data, path))
+
+
+class ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
+    """
+    Represents a connected Unix datagram socket.
+
+    Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_socket(
+        cls,
+        sock_or_fd: socket.socket | int,
+    ) -> ConnectedUNIXDatagramSocket:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing socket object or file descriptor as a connected UNIX datagram
+        socket.
+
+        The newly created socket wrapper takes ownership of the socket being passed in.
+        The existing socket must already be connected.
+
+        :param sock_or_fd: a socket object or file descriptor
+        :return: a connected UNIX datagram socket
+
+        """
+        sock = _validate_socket(
+            sock_or_fd, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.AF_UNIX, require_connected=True
+        )
+        return await get_async_backend().wrap_connected_unix_datagram_socket(sock)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..186e3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._tasks import TaskGroup
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream(
+    Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in
+    which they were sent, or that no messages are missed.
+
+    Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the
+    given type parameter.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T_co:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item.
+
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectSendStream(
+    Generic[T_contra], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
+):
+    """
+    An interface for sending objects.
+
+    This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the
+    recipient(s) in the same order in which they were sent, or at all.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the peer(s).
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly
+            closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
+            due to external causes
+        """
+
+
+class UnreliableObjectStream(
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of
+    message delivery.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    """
+    A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same
+    order in which they were sent, and that no messages are missed.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    """
+    A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order
+    in which they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle.
+    """
+
+
+class ObjectStream(
+    ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item],
+    ObjectSendStream[T_Item],
+    UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item],
+):
+    """
+    A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message
+    delivery.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """
+    An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer.
+
+    Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more
+    than 65536 bytes.
+    """
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream:
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return await self.receive()
+        except EndOfStream:
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer.
+
+        .. note:: Implementers of this interface should not return an empty
+            :class:`bytes` object, and users should ignore them.
+
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive
+        :return: the received bytes
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
+        """
+
+
+class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for sending bytes to a single peer."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the given bytes to the peer.
+
+        :param item: the bytes to send
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """A bidirectional byte stream."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
+
+        You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this
+        method. This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteSendStream: TypeAlias = (
+    UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+)
+#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyUnreliableByteStream: TypeAlias = UnreliableObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams.
+AnyByteReceiveStream: TypeAlias = ObjectReceiveStream[bytes] | ByteReceiveStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams.
+AnyByteSendStream: TypeAlias = ObjectSendStream[bytes] | ByteSendStream
+#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams.
+AnyByteStream: TypeAlias = ObjectStream[bytes] | ByteStream
+
+
+class Listener(Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
+    """An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_co], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them.
+
+        :param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection
+        :param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling
+            each accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created)
+        """
+
+
+class ObjectStreamConnectable(Generic[T_co], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ObjectStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: an object stream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+class ByteStreamConnectable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def connect(self) -> ByteStream:
+        """
+        Connect to the remote endpoint.
+
+        :return: a bytestream connected to the remote end
+        :raises ConnectionFailed: if the connection fails
+        """
+
+
+#: Type alias for all connectables returning bytestreams or bytes-oriented object streams
+AnyByteStreamConnectable: TypeAlias = (
+    ObjectStreamConnectable[bytes] | ByteStreamConnectable
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce0564c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_subprocesses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from signal import Signals
+
+from ._resources import AsyncResource
+from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class Process(AsyncResource):
+    """An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def wait(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Wait until the process exits.
+
+        :return: the exit code of the process
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Terminates the process, gracefully if possible.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Kills the process.
+
+        On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
+        On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a signal to the subprocess.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`
+
+        :param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`)
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        """The process ID of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def returncode(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will
+        be ``None``.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard input of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard output of the process."""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
+        """The stream for the standard error output of the process."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44ee3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_tasks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from contextvars import Context
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, final, overload
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._core._tasks import CancelScope, TaskHandle
+
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True, default=None)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+def get_callable_name(func: Callable, override: object = None) -> str:
+    if override is not None:
+        return str(override)
+
+    module = getattr(func, "__module__", None)
+    qualname = getattr(func, "__qualname__", None)
+    return ".".join([x for x in (module, qualname) if x])
+
+
+def call_for_coroutine(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+    args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given positional and keyword arguments.
+
+    :return: the resulting coroutine
+    :raises TypeError: if the return value was not a coroutine object
+
+    """
+    coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
+    if not isinstance(coro, Coroutine):
+        prefix = f"{func.__module__}." if hasattr(func, "__module__") else ""
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Expected {prefix}{func.__qualname__}() to return a coroutine, but "
+            f"the return value ({coro!r}) is not a coroutine object"
+        )
+
+    return coro
+
+
+class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]):
+    @overload
+    def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None: ...
+
+    def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal that the task has started.
+
+        :param value: object passed back to the starter of the task
+        """
+
+
+class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Groups several asynchronous tasks together.
+
+    :ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks
+    :vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    .. note:: On asyncio, support for eager task factories is considered to be
+        **experimental**. In particular, they don't follow the usual semantics of new
+        tasks being scheduled on the next iteration of the event loop, and may thus
+        cause unexpected behavior in code that wasn't written with such semantics in
+        mind.
+    """
+
+    cancel_scope: CancelScope
+
+    def cancel(self, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Cancel this task group's cancel scope immediately.
+
+        This is a shortcut for calling ``.cancel_scope.cancel()`` on the task group.
+
+        :param reason: a message describing the reason for the cancellation
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+
+        """
+        self.cancel_scope.cancel(reason)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co],
+        *,
+        name: object = None,
+        context: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a new task from a coroutine object and schedule it to run.
+
+        :param coro: a coroutine object
+        :param name: optional name to give the task
+        :param context: optional context to run the task in
+        :return: a task handle
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+        """
+
+    @final
+    def start_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co]:
+        """
+        Start a new task in this task group.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
+        :return: a task handle
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.14.0
+            This method now returns a task handle.
+
+        """
+        final_name = get_callable_name(func, name)
+        return self.create_task(call_for_coroutine(func, args), name=final_name)
+
+    @overload
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[True],
+    ) -> TaskHandle[T_co, Any]: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def start(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+        return_handle: Literal[False] | Literal[True] = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        The target callable must accept a keyword argument ``task_status`` (of type
+        :class:`TaskStatus`). Awaiting on this method will return whatever was passed to
+        ``task_status.started()`` (``None`` by default).
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`TaskStatus` class is generic, and the type argument should
+            indicate the type of the value that will be passed to
+            ``task_status.started()``.
+
+        :param func: a coroutine function that accepts the ``task_status`` keyword
+            argument
+        :param args: positional arguments to call the function with
+        :param name: an optional name for the task, for introspection and debugging
+        :param return_handle: if ``True``, return a :class:`TaskHandle` which also
+            contains the start value in ``start_value``
+        :return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()``
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling
+            ``task_status.started()``
+
+        .. seealso:: :ref:`start_initialize`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
+        """Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a93fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/abc/_testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import types
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    """
+    Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the
+    same event loop.
+    """
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
+        return self
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None: ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_asyncgen_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Iterable[_T]:
+        """
+        Run an async generator fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_fixture(
+        self,
+        fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> _T:
+        """
+        Run an async fixture.
+
+        :param fixture_func: the fixture function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
+        :return: the return value of the fixture function
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def run_test(
+        self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Run an async test function.
+
+        :param test_func: the test function
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def is_running(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the test runner is running.
+
+        :return: ``True`` if the coroutine is currently being run, ``False`` otherwise.
+        """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c7914c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/from_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BlockingPortal",
+    "BlockingPortalProvider",
+    "check_cancelled",
+    "run",
+    "run_sync",
+    "start_blocking_portal",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Generator
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import (
+    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    AbstractContextManager,
+    contextmanager,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import isawaitable
+from threading import Lock, Thread, current_thread, get_ident
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from ._core._eventloop import (
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    threadlocals,
+)
+from ._core._eventloop import run as run_eventloop
+from ._core._exceptions import NoEventLoopError
+from ._core._synchronization import Event
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, create_task_group
+from .abc._tasks import TaskStatus
+from .lowlevel import EventLoopToken, current_token
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+def _token_or_error(token: EventLoopToken | None) -> EventLoopToken:
+    if token is not None:
+        return token
+
+    try:
+        return threadlocals.current_token
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise NoEventLoopError(
+            "Not running inside an AnyIO worker thread, and no event loop token was "
+            "provided"
+        ) from None
+
+
+def run(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Coroutine[Any, Any, T_co]],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
+) -> T_co:
+    """
+    Call a coroutine function from a worker thread.
+
+    :param func: a coroutine function
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
+        (required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
+    :return: the return value of the coroutine function
+    :raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
+        AnyIO worker thread
+    :raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
+        Added the ``token`` parameter.
+
+    """
+    explicit_token = token is not None
+    token = _token_or_error(token)
+    return token.backend_class.run_async_from_thread(
+        func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
+    )
+
+
+def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    token: EventLoopToken | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call a function in the event loop thread from a worker thread.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param token: an event loop token to use to get back to the event loop thread
+        (required if calling this function from outside an AnyIO worker thread)
+    :return: the return value of the callable
+    :raises MissingTokenError: if no token was provided and called from outside an
+        AnyIO worker thread
+    :raises RunFinishedError: if the event loop tied to ``token`` is no longer running
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.11.0
+        Added the ``token`` parameter.
+
+    """
+    explicit_token = token is not None
+    token = _token_or_error(token)
+    return token.backend_class.run_sync_from_thread(
+        func, args, token=token.native_token if explicit_token else None
+    )
+
+
+class _BlockingAsyncContextManager(Generic[T_co], AbstractContextManager):
+    _enter_future: Future[T_co]
+    _exit_future: Future[bool | None]
+    _exit_event: Event
+    _exit_exc_info: tuple[
+        type[BaseException] | None, BaseException | None, TracebackType | None
+    ] = (None, None, None)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, async_cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co], portal: BlockingPortal
+    ):
+        self._async_cm = async_cm
+        self._portal = portal
+
+    async def run_async_cm(self) -> bool | None:
+        try:
+            self._exit_event = Event()
+            value = await self._async_cm.__aenter__()
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._enter_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        else:
+            self._enter_future.set_result(value)
+
+        try:
+            # Wait for the sync context manager to exit.
+            # This next statement can raise `get_cancelled_exc_class()` if
+            # something went wrong in a task group in this async context
+            # manager.
+            await self._exit_event.wait()
+        finally:
+            # In case of cancellation, it could be that we end up here before
+            # `_BlockingAsyncContextManager.__exit__` is called, and an
+            # `_exit_exc_info` has been set.
+            result = await self._async_cm.__aexit__(*self._exit_exc_info)
+
+        return result
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> T_co:
+        self._enter_future = Future()
+        self._exit_future = self._portal.start_task_soon(self.run_async_cm)
+        return self._enter_future.result()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        __exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        __exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        __traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        self._exit_exc_info = __exc_type, __exc_value, __traceback
+        self._portal.call(self._exit_event.set)
+        return self._exit_future.result()
+
+
+class _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(TaskStatus):
+    def __init__(self, future: Future):
+        self._future = future
+
+    def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
+        self._future.set_result(value)
+
+
+class BlockingPortal:
+    """
+    An object that lets external threads run code in an asynchronous event loop.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._token = current_token()
+        self._event_loop_thread_id: int | None = get_ident()
+        self._stop_event = Event()
+        self._task_group = create_task_group()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
+        await self._task_group.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        await self.stop()
+        return await self._task_group.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+    def _check_running(self) -> None:
+        if self._event_loop_thread_id is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("This portal is not running")
+        if self._event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This method cannot be called from the event loop thread"
+            )
+
+    async def sleep_until_stopped(self) -> None:
+        """Sleep until :meth:`stop` is called."""
+        await self._stop_event.wait()
+
+    async def stop(self, cancel_remaining: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Signal the portal to shut down.
+
+        This marks the portal as no longer accepting new calls and exits from
+        :meth:`sleep_until_stopped`.
+
+        :param cancel_remaining: ``True`` to cancel all the remaining tasks, ``False``
+            to let them finish before returning
+
+        """
+        self._event_loop_thread_id = None
+        self._stop_event.set()
+        if cancel_remaining:
+            self._task_group.cancel_scope.cancel("the blocking portal is shutting down")
+
+    async def _call_func(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        future: Future[T_Retval],
+    ) -> None:
+        event_loop_thread_id = self._event_loop_thread_id
+
+        def callback(f: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
+            if f.cancelled():
+                if event_loop_thread_id == get_ident():
+                    scope.cancel("the future was cancelled")
+                elif event_loop_thread_id is not None:
+                    run_sync(
+                        scope.cancel, "the future was cancelled", token=self._token
+                    )
+
+        try:
+            retval_or_awaitable = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            if isawaitable(retval_or_awaitable):
+                with CancelScope() as scope:
+                    future.add_done_callback(callback)
+                    retval = await retval_or_awaitable
+            else:
+                retval = retval_or_awaitable
+        except get_cancelled_exc_class():
+            future.cancel()
+            future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            if not future.cancelled():
+                future.set_exception(exc)
+
+            # Let base exceptions fall through
+            if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
+                raise
+        else:
+            if not future.cancelled():
+                future.set_result(retval)
+        finally:
+            scope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def _spawn_task_from_thread(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        args: tuple[Unpack[PosArgsT]],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+        name: object,
+        future: Future[T_Retval],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Spawn a new task using the given callable.
+
+        :param func: a callable
+        :param args: positional arguments to be passed to the callable
+        :param kwargs: keyword arguments to be passed to the callable
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :param future: a future that will resolve to the return value of the callable,
+            or the exception raised during its execution
+
+        """
+        run_sync(
+            partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name),
+            self._call_func,
+            func,
+            args,
+            kwargs,
+            future,
+            token=self._token,
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    ) -> T_Retval: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def call(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval: ...
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        """
+        Call the given function in the event loop thread.
+
+        If the callable returns a coroutine object, it is awaited on.
+
+        :param func: any callable
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
+            from within the event loop thread
+
+        """
+        return cast(T_Retval, self.start_task_soon(func, *args).result())
+
+    @overload
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]: ...
+
+    def start_task_soon(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
+        *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> Future[T_Retval]:
+        """
+        Start a task in the portal's task group.
+
+        The task will be run inside a cancel scope which can be cancelled by cancelling
+        the returned future.
+
+        :param func: the target function
+        :param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :return: a future that resolves with the return value of the callable if the
+            task completes successfully, or with the exception raised in the task
+        :raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
+            from within the event loop thread
+        :rtype: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval]
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+        self._check_running()
+        f: Future[T_Retval] = Future()
+        self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {}, name, f)
+        return f
+
+    def start_task(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
+        *args: object,
+        name: object = None,
+    ) -> tuple[Future[T_Retval], Any]:
+        """
+        Start a task in the portal's task group and wait until it signals for readiness.
+
+        This method works the same way as :meth:`.abc.TaskGroup.start`.
+
+        :param func: the target function
+        :param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
+        :param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
+        :return: a tuple of (future, task_status_value) where the ``task_status_value``
+            is the value passed to ``task_status.started()`` from within the target
+            function
+        :rtype: tuple[concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval], Any]
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+        """
+
+        def task_done(future: Future[T_Retval]) -> None:
+            if not task_status_future.done():
+                if future.cancelled():
+                    task_status_future.cancel()
+                elif future.exception():
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(future.exception())
+                else:
+                    exc = RuntimeError(
+                        "Task exited without calling task_status.started()"
+                    )
+                    task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
+
+        self._check_running()
+        task_status_future: Future = Future()
+        task_status = _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(task_status_future)
+        f: Future = Future()
+        f.add_done_callback(task_done)
+        self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {"task_status": task_status}, name, f)
+        return f, task_status_future.result()
+
+    def wrap_async_context_manager(
+        self, cm: AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co]
+    ) -> AbstractContextManager[T_co]:
+        """
+        Wrap an async context manager as a synchronous context manager via this portal.
+
+        Spawns a task that will call both ``__aenter__()`` and ``__aexit__()``, stopping
+        in the middle until the synchronous context manager exits.
+
+        :param cm: an asynchronous context manager
+        :return: a synchronous context manager
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        """
+        return _BlockingAsyncContextManager(cm, self)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BlockingPortalProvider:
+    """
+    A manager for a blocking portal. Used as a context manager. The first thread to
+    enter this context manager causes a blocking portal to be started with the specific
+    parameters, and the last thread to exit causes the portal to be shut down. Thus,
+    there will be exactly one blocking portal running in this context as long as at
+    least one thread has entered this context manager.
+
+    The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
+
+    :param backend: name of the backend
+    :param backend_options: backend options
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.4
+    """
+
+    backend: str = "asyncio"
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    _lock: Lock = field(init=False, default_factory=Lock)
+    _leases: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    _portal: BlockingPortal = field(init=False)
+    _portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = field(
+        init=False, default=None
+    )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._portal_cm is None:
+                self._portal_cm = start_blocking_portal(
+                    self.backend, self.backend_options
+                )
+                self._portal = self._portal_cm.__enter__()
+
+            self._leases += 1
+            return self._portal
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        portal_cm: AbstractContextManager[BlockingPortal] | None = None
+        with self._lock:
+            assert self._portal_cm
+            assert self._leases > 0
+            self._leases -= 1
+            if not self._leases:
+                portal_cm = self._portal_cm
+                self._portal_cm = None
+                del self._portal
+
+        if portal_cm:
+            portal_cm.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def start_blocking_portal(
+    backend: str = "asyncio",
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    *,
+    name: str | None = None,
+) -> Generator[BlockingPortal, Any, None]:
+    """
+    Start a new event loop in a new thread and run a blocking portal in its main task.
+
+    The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
+
+    :param backend: name of the backend
+    :param backend_options: backend options
+    :param name: name of the thread
+    :return: a context manager that yields a blocking portal
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Usage as a context manager is now required.
+
+    """
+
+    async def run_portal() -> None:
+        async with BlockingPortal() as portal_:
+            if name is None:
+                current_thread().name = f"{backend}-portal-{id(portal_):x}"
+
+            future.set_result(portal_)
+            await portal_.sleep_until_stopped()
+
+    def run_blocking_portal() -> None:
+        if future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
+            try:
+                run_eventloop(
+                    run_portal, backend=backend, backend_options=backend_options
+                )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_exception(exc)
+
+    future: Future[BlockingPortal] = Future()
+    thread = Thread(target=run_blocking_portal, daemon=True, name=name)
+    thread.start()
+    try:
+        cancel_remaining_tasks = False
+        portal = future.result()
+        try:
+            yield portal
+        except BaseException:
+            cancel_remaining_tasks = True
+            raise
+        finally:
+            try:
+                portal.call(portal.stop, cancel_remaining_tasks)
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+    finally:
+        thread.join()
+
+
+def check_cancelled() -> None:
+    """
+    Check if the cancel scope of the host task's running the current worker thread has
+    been cancelled.
+
+    If the host task's current cancel scope has indeed been cancelled, the
+    backend-specific cancellation exception will be raised.
+
+    :raises RuntimeError: if the current thread was not spawned by
+        :func:`.to_thread.run_sync`
+
+    """
+    try:
+        token: EventLoopToken = threadlocals.current_token
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise NoEventLoopError(
+            "This function can only be called inside an AnyIO worker thread"
+        ) from None
+
+    token.backend_class.check_cancelled()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/functools.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/functools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0bdfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/functools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "AsyncCacheInfo",
+    "AsyncCacheParameters",
+    "AsyncLRUCacheWrapper",
+    "cache",
+    "lru_cache",
+    "reduce",
+)
+
+import functools
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterable,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Hashable,
+    Iterable,
+)
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    NamedTuple,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypedDict,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    final,
+    overload,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock
+from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+S = TypeVar("S")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+lru_cache_items: RunVar[
+    WeakKeyDictionary[
+        AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[Any, Any],
+        OrderedDict[
+            Hashable,
+            tuple[_InitialMissingType, Lock, float | None]
+            | tuple[Any, None, float | None],
+        ],
+    ]
+] = RunVar("lru_cache_items")
+
+
+class _InitialMissingType:
+    pass
+
+
+initial_missing: _InitialMissingType = _InitialMissingType()
+
+
+class AsyncCacheInfo(NamedTuple):
+    hits: int
+    misses: int
+    maxsize: int | None
+    currsize: int
+    ttl: int | None
+
+
+class AsyncCacheParameters(TypedDict):
+    maxsize: int | None
+    typed: bool
+    always_checkpoint: bool
+    ttl: int | None
+
+
+class _LRUMethodWrapper(Generic[T]):
+    def __init__(self, wrapper: AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[..., T], instance: object):
+        self.__wrapper = wrapper
+        self.__instance = instance
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
+        return self.__wrapper.cache_info()
+
+    def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
+        return self.__wrapper.cache_parameters()
+
+    def cache_clear(self) -> None:
+        self.__wrapper.cache_clear()
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T:
+        if self.__instance is None:
+            return await self.__wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        return await self.__wrapper(self.__instance, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@final
+class AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(Generic[P, T]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[P, Awaitable[T]],
+        maxsize: int | None,
+        typed: bool,
+        always_checkpoint: bool,
+        ttl: int | None,
+    ):
+        self.__wrapped__ = func
+        self._hits: int = 0
+        self._misses: int = 0
+        self._maxsize = max(maxsize, 0) if maxsize is not None else None
+        self._currsize: int = 0
+        self._typed = typed
+        self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
+        self._ttl = ttl
+        update_wrapper(self, func)
+
+    def cache_info(self) -> AsyncCacheInfo:
+        return AsyncCacheInfo(
+            self._hits, self._misses, self._maxsize, self._currsize, self._ttl
+        )
+
+    def cache_parameters(self) -> AsyncCacheParameters:
+        return {
+            "maxsize": self._maxsize,
+            "typed": self._typed,
+            "always_checkpoint": self._always_checkpoint,
+            "ttl": self._ttl,
+        }
+
+    def cache_clear(self) -> None:
+        if cache := lru_cache_items.get(None):
+            cache.pop(self, None)
+            self._hits = self._misses = self._currsize = 0
+
+    async def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+        # Easy case first: if maxsize == 0, no caching is done
+        if self._maxsize == 0:
+            value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self._misses += 1
+            return value
+
+        # The key is constructed as a flat tuple to avoid memory overhead
+        key: tuple[Any, ...] = args
+        if kwargs:
+            # initial_missing is used as a separator
+            key += (initial_missing,) + sum(kwargs.items(), ())
+
+        if self._typed:
+            key += tuple(type(arg) for arg in args)
+            if kwargs:
+                key += (initial_missing,) + tuple(type(val) for val in kwargs.values())
+
+        try:
+            cache = lru_cache_items.get()
+        except LookupError:
+            cache = WeakKeyDictionary()
+            lru_cache_items.set(cache)
+
+        try:
+            cache_entry = cache[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            cache_entry = cache[self] = OrderedDict()
+
+        cached_value: T | _InitialMissingType
+        try:
+            cached_value, lock, expires_at = cache_entry[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            # We're the first task to call this function
+            cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
+                initial_missing,
+                Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
+                None,
+            )
+            cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
+
+        if lock is None:
+            if expires_at is not None and current_time() >= expires_at:
+                self._currsize -= 1
+                cached_value, lock, expires_at = (
+                    initial_missing,
+                    Lock(fast_acquire=not self._always_checkpoint),
+                    None,
+                )
+                cache_entry[key] = cached_value, lock, expires_at
+            else:
+                # The value was already cached
+                self._hits += 1
+                cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
+                if self._always_checkpoint:
+                    await checkpoint()
+
+                return cast(T, cached_value)
+
+        async with lock:
+            # Check if another task filled the cache while we acquired the lock
+            if (cached_value := cache_entry[key][0]) is initial_missing:
+                self._misses += 1
+                if self._maxsize is not None and self._currsize >= self._maxsize:
+                    cache_entry.popitem(last=False)
+                else:
+                    self._currsize += 1
+
+                value = await self.__wrapped__(*args, **kwargs)
+                expires_at = (
+                    current_time() + self._ttl if self._ttl is not None else None
+                )
+                cache_entry[key] = value, None, expires_at
+            else:
+                # Another task filled the cache while we were waiting for the lock
+                self._hits += 1
+                cache_entry.move_to_end(key)
+                value = cast(T, cached_value)
+
+        return value
+
+    def __get__(
+        self, instance: object, owner: type | None = None
+    ) -> _LRUMethodWrapper[T]:
+        wrapper = _LRUMethodWrapper(self, instance)
+        update_wrapper(wrapper, self.__wrapped__)
+        return wrapper
+
+
+class _LRUCacheWrapper:
+    def __init__(
+        self, maxsize: int | None, typed: bool, always_checkpoint: bool, ttl: int | None
+    ):
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+        self._typed = typed
+        self._always_checkpoint = always_checkpoint
+        self._ttl = ttl
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+        self, func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+    ) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self, func: Callable[..., T], /
+    ) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, f: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]] | Callable[..., T], /
+    ) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T] | functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]:
+        if iscoroutinefunction(f):
+            return AsyncLRUCacheWrapper(
+                f, self._maxsize, self._typed, self._always_checkpoint, self._ttl
+            )
+
+        return functools.lru_cache(maxsize=self._maxsize, typed=self._typed)(f)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+@overload
+def cache(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+
+def cache(func: Callable[..., Any] | Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], /) -> Any:
+    """
+    A convenient shortcut for :func:`lru_cache` with ``maxsize=None``.
+
+    This is the asynchronous equivalent to :func:`functools.cache`.
+
+    """
+    return lru_cache(maxsize=None)(func)
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(
+    *,
+    maxsize: int | None = ...,
+    typed: bool = ...,
+    always_checkpoint: bool = ...,
+    ttl: int | None = ...,
+) -> _LRUCacheWrapper: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
+    func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]], /
+) -> AsyncLRUCacheWrapper[P, T]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def lru_cache(func: Callable[..., T], /) -> functools._lru_cache_wrapper[T]: ...
+
+
+def lru_cache(
+    func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]] | Callable[..., Any] | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    maxsize: int | None = 128,
+    typed: bool = False,
+    always_checkpoint: bool = False,
+    ttl: int | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    An asynchronous version of :func:`functools.lru_cache`.
+
+    If a synchronous function is passed, the standard library
+    :func:`functools.lru_cache` is applied instead.
+
+    :param always_checkpoint: if ``True``, every call to the cached function will be
+        guaranteed to yield control to the event loop at least once
+    :param ttl: time in seconds after which to invalidate cache entries
+
+    .. note:: Caches and locks are managed on a per-event loop basis.
+
+    """
+    if func is None:
+        return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)
+
+    if not callable(func):
+        raise TypeError("the first argument must be callable")
+
+    return _LRUCacheWrapper(maxsize, typed, always_checkpoint, ttl)(func)
+
+
+@overload
+async def reduce(
+    function: Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[S],
+    /,
+    initial: T,
+) -> T: ...
+
+
+@overload
+async def reduce(
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    /,
+) -> T: ...
+
+
+async def reduce(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] | Callable[[T, S], Awaitable[T]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | Iterable[S] | AsyncIterable[T] | AsyncIterable[S],
+    /,
+    initial: T | _InitialMissingType = initial_missing,
+) -> T:
+    """
+    Asynchronous version of :func:`functools.reduce`.
+
+    :param function: a coroutine function that takes two arguments: the accumulated
+        value and the next element from the iterable
+    :param iterable: an iterable or async iterable
+    :param initial: the initial value (if missing, the first element of the iterable is
+        used as the initial value)
+
+    """
+    element: Any
+    function_called = False
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
+        async_it = iterable.__aiter__()
+        if initial is initial_missing:
+            try:
+                value = cast(T, await async_it.__anext__())
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            value = cast(T, initial)
+
+        async for element in async_it:
+            value = await function(value, element)
+            function_called = True
+    elif isinstance(iterable, Iterable):
+        it = iter(iterable)
+        if initial is initial_missing:
+            try:
+                value = cast(T, next(it))
+            except StopIteration:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "reduce() of empty sequence with no initial value"
+                ) from None
+        else:
+            value = cast(T, initial)
+
+        for element in it:
+            value = await function(value, element)
+            function_called = True
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("reduce() argument 2 must be an iterable or async iterable")
+
+    # Make sure there is at least one checkpoint, even if an empty iterable and an
+    # initial value were given
+    if not function_called:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+    return value
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5248e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/itertools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "accumulate",
+    "batched",
+    "Chain",
+    "combinations",
+    "combinations_with_replacement",
+    "compress",
+    "count",
+    "cycle",
+    "dropwhile",
+    "filterfalse",
+    "groupby",
+    "islice",
+    "pairwise",
+    "permutations",
+    "product",
+    "repeat",
+    "starmap",
+    "tee",
+    "takewhile",
+    "zip_longest",
+)
+
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+)
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, cast, overload
+
+from ._core._synchronization import Lock
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope
+from .lowlevel import cancel_shielded_checkpoint, checkpoint, checkpoint_if_cancelled
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+R = TypeVar("R")
+_tee_end = object()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _IterableAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    iterator: Iterator[T]
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        try:
+            result = next(self.iterator)
+        except StopIteration:
+            await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+            raise StopAsyncIteration from None
+
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        return result
+
+
+def _iterate(iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterator):
+        return iterable
+
+    if isinstance(iterable, AsyncIterable):
+        return iterable.__aiter__()
+
+    return _IterableAsyncIterator(iter(iterable))
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _TeeLink(Generic[T]):
+    value: object | None = None
+    next: _TeeLink[T] | None = None
+    filled: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _TeeState(Generic[T]):
+    iterator: AsyncIterator[T]
+    lock: Lock = field(default_factory=Lock)
+
+    async def fill(self, link: _TeeLink[T]) -> bool:
+        if link.filled:
+            return False
+
+        async with self.lock:
+            if link.filled:
+                return True
+
+            link.value = await anext(self.iterator, _tee_end)
+            if link.value is not _tee_end:
+                link.next = _TeeLink()
+
+            link.filled = True
+            return True
+
+
+class _TeeAsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
+    _state: _TeeState[T]
+    _link: _TeeLink[T]
+    _element_yielded: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T] | _TeeAsyncIterator[T]
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(iterable, _TeeAsyncIterator):
+            self._state = iterable._state
+            self._link = iterable._link
+        else:
+            self._state = _TeeState(_iterate(iterable))
+            self._link = _TeeLink()
+
+        self._element_yielded = False
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> T:
+        had_yieldpoint = await self._state.fill(self._link)
+        if self._link.value is _tee_end:
+            if not self._element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+        if not had_yieldpoint:
+            await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+        self._element_yielded = True
+        value = cast(T, self._link.value)
+        next_link = self._link.next
+        assert next_link is not None
+        self._link = next_link
+        if not had_yieldpoint:
+            await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+        return value
+
+
+async def _operator_add(x: T, y: T) -> T:
+    return operator.add(x, y)
+
+
+async def accumulate(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    function: Callable[[T, T], Awaitable[T]] = _operator_add,
+    *,
+    initial: T | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    if initial is None:
+        try:
+            total = await anext(iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            await checkpoint()
+            return
+    else:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        total = initial
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    yield total
+
+    async for element in iterator:
+        total = await function(total, element)
+        yield total
+
+
+async def batched(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int, *, strict: bool = False
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    if n < 1:
+        raise ValueError("n must be at least one")
+
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+
+    while True:
+        batch: list[T] = []
+        for _ in range(n):
+            try:
+                batch.append(await anext(iterator))
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                if not batch:
+                    await checkpoint()
+                    return
+                if strict:
+                    raise ValueError("batched(): incomplete batch") from None
+
+                yield tuple(batch)
+                return
+
+        yield tuple(batch)
+
+
+class Chain:
+    def __call__(
+        self, *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+        return self.from_iterable(iterables)
+
+    async def from_iterable(
+        self,
+        iterables: (
+            Iterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
+            | AsyncIterable[Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T]]
+        ),
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+        element_yielded = False
+        outer_iter = _iterate(iterables)
+
+        try:
+            async for iterable in outer_iter:
+                async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+                    element_yielded = True
+                    yield element
+        finally:
+            aclose = getattr(outer_iter, "aclose", None)
+            if aclose is not None:
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await aclose()
+
+        if not element_yielded:
+            await checkpoint()
+
+
+chain: Chain = Chain()
+
+
+async def combinations(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations(pool, r)):
+        yield combination
+
+
+async def combinations_with_replacement(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    async for combination in _iterate(itertools.combinations_with_replacement(pool, r)):
+        yield combination
+
+
+async def compress(
+    data: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    selectors: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    data_iterator = _iterate(data)
+    selector_iterator = _iterate(selectors)
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            datum = await anext(data_iterator)
+            selector = await anext(selector_iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        if selector:
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield datum
+
+
+async def count(start: int = 0, step: int = 1) -> AsyncGenerator[int, None]:
+    n = start
+    while True:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        value = n
+        n += step
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        yield value
+
+
+async def cycle(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    saved: list[T] = []
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        saved.append(element)
+        yield element
+
+    if not saved:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    while True:
+        for element in saved:
+            await checkpoint()
+            yield element
+
+
+async def dropwhile(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+    dropping = True
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if dropping and await predicate(element):
+            continue
+
+        dropping = False
+        element_yielded = True
+        yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def filterfalse(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if not await predicate(element):
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+@overload
+def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, list[T]], None]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[R]],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[R, list[T]], None]: ...
+
+
+async def groupby(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    key: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]] | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, list[T]], None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    try:
+        element = await anext(iterator)
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    group_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
+    values = [element]
+
+    async for element in iterator:
+        next_key = element if key is None else await key(element)
+        if next_key != group_key:
+            completed_group = group_key, values
+            group_key = next_key
+            values = [element]
+            yield completed_group
+        else:
+            values.append(element)
+
+    yield group_key, values
+
+
+@overload
+def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    stop: int | None,
+    /,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    start: int | None,
+    stop: int | None,
+    step: int | None = 1,
+    /,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]: ...
+
+
+async def islice(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+    *args: int | None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    if not args:
+        raise TypeError("islice expected at least 2 arguments, got 1")
+    if len(args) > 3:
+        raise TypeError(f"islice expected at most 4 arguments, got {len(args) + 1}")
+
+    slice_args = slice(*args)
+
+    start_message = (
+        "Indices for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
+    )
+    stop_message = (
+        "Stop argument for islice() must be None or an integer: 0 <= x <= sys.maxsize."
+    )
+    step_message = "Step for islice() must be a positive integer or None."
+
+    def normalize_index(value: object, message: str) -> int:
+        try:
+            index = operator.index(cast(Any, value))
+        except TypeError:
+            raise ValueError(message) from None
+
+        if index < 0 or index > sys.maxsize:
+            raise ValueError(message)
+
+        return index
+
+    start = (
+        0
+        if slice_args.start is None
+        else normalize_index(slice_args.start, start_message)
+    )
+    stop = (
+        None
+        if slice_args.stop is None
+        else normalize_index(slice_args.stop, stop_message)
+    )
+    step = (
+        1 if slice_args.step is None else normalize_index(slice_args.step, step_message)
+    )
+
+    if step <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(step_message)
+
+    if stop == 0 or start == stop:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    index = 0
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    while stop is None or index < stop:
+        try:
+            element = await anext(iterator)
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        if index >= start and (index - start) % step == 0:
+            index += 1
+            element_yielded = True
+            yield element
+        else:
+            index += 1
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def pairwise(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, T], None]:
+    iterator = _iterate(iterable)
+    try:
+        previous = await anext(iterator)
+    except StopAsyncIteration:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    element_yielded = False
+    async for element in iterator:
+        element_yielded = True
+        pair = (previous, element)
+        previous = element
+        yield pair
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def permutations(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], r: int | None = None
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+    n = len(pool)
+    if r is None:
+        r = n
+    elif not isinstance(r, int):
+        raise TypeError("Expected int as r")
+    elif r < 0:
+        raise ValueError("r must be non-negative")
+
+    async for permutation in _iterate(itertools.permutations(pool, r)):
+        yield permutation
+
+
+async def product(
+    *iterables: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], repeat: int = 1
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[T, ...], None]:
+    repeat = operator.index(repeat)
+    if repeat < 0:
+        raise ValueError("repeat argument cannot be negative")
+
+    pools: list[tuple[T, ...]] = []
+    for iterable in iterables:
+        pool: list[T] = [element async for element in _iterate(iterable)]
+        pools.append(tuple(pool))
+
+    async for value in _iterate(itertools.product(*pools, repeat=repeat)):
+        yield value
+
+
+async def repeat(element: T, times: int | None = None) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    if times is None:
+        while True:
+            await checkpoint()
+            yield element
+
+    remaining = operator.index(cast(Any, times))
+    if remaining <= 0:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    while remaining > 0:
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        remaining -= 1
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+        yield element
+
+
+async def starmap(
+    function: Callable[..., Awaitable[R]],
+    iterable: (
+        Iterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
+        | AsyncIterable[Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object]]
+    ),
+) -> AsyncGenerator[R, None]:
+    result_yielded = False
+
+    async for args_iterable in _iterate(iterable):
+        args = [element async for element in _iterate(args_iterable)]
+        result_yielded = True
+        yield await function(*args)
+
+    if not result_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+def tee(
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T], n: int = 2
+) -> tuple[AsyncIterator[T], ...]:
+    n = operator.index(cast(Any, n))
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
+    if n == 0:
+        return ()
+
+    iterator = _TeeAsyncIterator(iterable)
+    iterators: list[AsyncIterator[T]] = [iterator]
+    iterators.extend(_TeeAsyncIterator(iterator) for _ in range(n - 1))
+    return tuple(iterators)
+
+
+async def takewhile(
+    predicate: Callable[[T], Awaitable[object]],
+    iterable: Iterable[T] | AsyncIterable[T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[T, None]:
+    element_yielded = False
+
+    async for element in _iterate(iterable):
+        if not await predicate(element):
+            if not element_yielded:
+                await checkpoint()
+
+            return
+
+        element_yielded = True
+        yield element
+
+    if not element_yielded:
+        await checkpoint()
+
+
+async def zip_longest(
+    *iterables: Iterable[object] | AsyncIterable[object],
+    fillvalue: object = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[object, ...], None]:
+    iterators = [_iterate(iterable) for iterable in iterables]
+    num_active = len(iterators)
+    if not num_active:
+        await checkpoint()
+        return
+
+    active = [True] * num_active
+    tuple_yielded = False
+
+    while True:
+        values: list[object] = []
+        for index, iterator in enumerate(iterators):
+            if not active[index]:
+                values.append(fillvalue)
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                value = await anext(iterator)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                active[index] = False
+                num_active -= 1
+                if not num_active:
+                    if not tuple_yielded:
+                        await checkpoint()
+
+                    return
+
+                value = fillvalue
+
+            values.append(value)
+
+        tuple_yielded = True
+        yield tuple(values)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d045791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/lowlevel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "EventLoopToken",
+    "RunvarToken",
+    "RunVar",
+    "checkpoint",
+    "checkpoint_if_cancelled",
+    "cancel_shielded_checkpoint",
+    "current_token",
+)
+
+import enum
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, final, overload
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .abc import AsyncBackend
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+D = TypeVar("D")
+
+
+async def checkpoint() -> None:
+    """
+    Check for cancellation and allow the scheduler to switch to another task.
+
+    Equivalent to (but more efficient than)::
+
+        await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+        await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().checkpoint()
+
+
+async def checkpoint_if_cancelled() -> None:
+    """
+    Enter a checkpoint if the enclosing cancel scope has been cancelled.
+
+    This does not allow the scheduler to switch to a different task.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+
+
+async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint() -> None:
+    """
+    Allow the scheduler to switch to another task but without checking for cancellation.
+
+    Equivalent to (but potentially more efficient than)::
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=True):
+            await checkpoint()
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+
+    """
+    await get_async_backend().cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
+
+
+@final
+@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False)
+class EventLoopToken:
+    """
+    An opaque object that holds a reference to an event loop.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+    """
+
+    backend_class: type[AsyncBackend]
+    native_token: object
+
+
+def current_token() -> EventLoopToken:
+    """
+    Return a token object that can be used to call code in the current event loop from
+    another thread.
+
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.11.0
+
+    """
+    backend_class = get_async_backend()
+    raw_token = backend_class.current_token()
+    return EventLoopToken(backend_class, raw_token)
+
+
+_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[object, dict[RunVar[Any], Any]] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+
+class _NoValueSet(enum.Enum):
+    NO_VALUE_SET = enum.auto()
+
+
+class RunvarToken(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    A token that can be used to restore a :class:`RunVar` to its previous value.
+
+    Returned by :meth:`RunVar.set`. Can be used as a context manager to automatically
+    reset the variable on exit, or passed directly to :meth:`RunVar.reset`.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_var", "_value", "_redeemed"
+
+    def __init__(self, var: RunVar[T], value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET]):
+        self._var = var
+        self._value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = value
+        self._redeemed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> RunvarToken[T]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._var.reset(self)
+
+
+class RunVar(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Like a :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, except scoped to the running event loop.
+
+    Can be used as a context manager, Just like :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, that
+    will reset the variable to its previous value when the context block is exited.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_name", "_default"
+
+    NO_VALUE_SET: Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, default: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._default = default
+
+    @property
+    def _current_vars(self) -> dict[RunVar[T], T]:
+        native_token = current_token().native_token
+        try:
+            return _run_vars[native_token]
+        except KeyError:
+            run_vars = _run_vars[native_token] = {}
+            return run_vars
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, default: D) -> T | D: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self) -> T: ...
+
+    def get(
+        self, default: D | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
+    ) -> T | D:
+        """
+        Return the current value of this run variable.
+
+        :param default: a fallback value to return if no value has been set
+        :return: the current value, the provided default, or the variable's own default
+        :raises LookupError: if no value is set and no default is available
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._current_vars[self]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
+                return default
+            elif self._default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
+                return self._default
+
+        raise LookupError(
+            f'Run variable "{self._name}" has no value and no default set'
+        )
+
+    def set(self, value: T) -> RunvarToken[T]:
+        """
+        Set the value of this run variable for the current event loop.
+
+        :param value: the new value
+        :return: a token that can be used to restore the previous value
+
+        """
+        current_vars = self._current_vars
+        token = RunvarToken(self, current_vars.get(self, RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET))
+        current_vars[self] = value
+        return token
+
+    def reset(self, token: RunvarToken[T]) -> None:
+        """
+        Restore this run variable to the value it held before the matching :meth:`set`.
+
+        :param token: the token returned by :meth:`set`
+        :raises ValueError: if the token belongs to a different :class:`RunVar` or the token
+            has already been used
+
+        """
+        if token._var is not self:
+            raise ValueError("This token does not belong to this RunVar")
+
+        if token._redeemed:
+            raise ValueError("This token has already been used")
+
+        if token._value is _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET:
+            try:
+                del self._current_vars[self]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self._current_vars[self] = token._value
+
+        token._redeemed = True
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RunVar name={self._name!r}>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c66759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/pytest_plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import socket
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterator
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, iscoroutinefunction, ismethod
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+import pytest
+from _pytest.fixtures import FuncFixtureInfo, SubRequest
+from _pytest.outcomes import Exit
+from _pytest.python import CallSpec2
+from _pytest.scope import Scope
+
+from . import get_available_backends
+from ._core._eventloop import (
+    current_async_library,
+    get_async_backend,
+    reset_current_async_library,
+    set_current_async_library,
+)
+from ._core._exceptions import iterate_exceptions
+from .abc import TestRunner
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from exceptiongroup import ExceptionGroup
+
+_current_runner: TestRunner | None = None
+_runner_stack: ExitStack | None = None
+_runner_leases = 0
+
+
+def extract_backend_and_options(backend: object) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+    if isinstance(backend, str):
+        return backend, {}
+    elif isinstance(backend, tuple) and len(backend) == 2:
+        if isinstance(backend[0], str) and isinstance(backend[1], dict):
+            return cast(tuple[str, dict[str, Any]], backend)
+
+    raise TypeError("anyio_backend must be either a string or tuple of (string, dict)")
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def get_runner(
+    backend_name: str, backend_options: dict[str, Any]
+) -> Iterator[TestRunner]:
+    global _current_runner, _runner_leases, _runner_stack
+    if _current_runner is None:
+        asynclib = get_async_backend(backend_name)
+        _runner_stack = ExitStack()
+        if current_async_library() is None:
+            # Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the
+            # async library
+            token = set_current_async_library(backend_name)
+            _runner_stack.callback(reset_current_async_library, token)
+
+        backend_options = backend_options or {}
+        _current_runner = _runner_stack.enter_context(
+            asynclib.create_test_runner(backend_options)
+        )
+
+    _runner_leases += 1
+    try:
+        yield _current_runner
+    finally:
+        _runner_leases -= 1
+        if not _runner_leases:
+            assert _runner_stack is not None
+            _runner_stack.close()
+            _runner_stack = _current_runner = None
+
+
+def pytest_addoption(parser: pytest.Parser) -> None:
+    parser.addini(
+        "anyio_mode",
+        default="strict",
+        help='AnyIO plugin mode (either "strict" or "auto")',
+    )
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        "markers",
+        "anyio: mark the (coroutine function) test to be run asynchronously via anyio.",
+    )
+    if (
+        config.getini("anyio_mode") == "auto"
+        and config.pluginmanager.has_plugin("asyncio")
+        and config.getini("asyncio_mode") == "auto"
+    ):
+        config.issue_config_time_warning(
+            pytest.PytestConfigWarning(
+                "AnyIO auto mode has been enabled together with pytest-asyncio auto "
+                "mode. This may cause unexpected behavior."
+            ),
+            1,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
+def pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef: Any, request: Any) -> Generator[Any]:
+    def wrapper(anyio_backend: Any, request: SubRequest, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        # Rebind any fixture methods to the request instance
+        if (
+            request.instance
+            and ismethod(func)
+            and type(func.__self__) is type(request.instance)
+        ):
+            local_func = func.__func__.__get__(request.instance)
+        else:
+            local_func = func
+
+        backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(anyio_backend)
+        if has_backend_arg:
+            kwargs["anyio_backend"] = anyio_backend
+
+        if has_request_arg:
+            kwargs["request"] = request
+
+        with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+            # re-entrant call into the test runner detected. this happens when an async fixture
+            # is dynamically requested via request.getfixturevalue() from inside a running async
+            # test or fixture. on asyncio this raises RuntimeError: This event loop is already
+            # running, on trio the runner deadlocks - the host loop blocks waiting for the
+            # coroutine to return, but the coroutine is waiting for the host loop. raising here
+            # prevents the hang and gives a consistent error across backends.
+            if runner.is_running():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Cannot schedule a coroutine in the test runner while another is already running; "
+                    "likely caused by request.getfixturevalue() on an async fixture."
+                )
+
+            if isasyncgenfunction(local_func):
+                yield from runner.run_asyncgen_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
+            else:
+                yield runner.run_fixture(local_func, kwargs)
+
+    # Only apply this to coroutine functions and async generator functions in requests
+    # that involve the anyio_backend fixture
+    func = fixturedef.func
+    if isasyncgenfunction(func) or iscoroutinefunction(func):
+        if "anyio_backend" in request.fixturenames:
+            fixturedef.func = wrapper
+            original_argname = fixturedef.argnames
+
+            if not (has_backend_arg := "anyio_backend" in fixturedef.argnames):
+                fixturedef.argnames += ("anyio_backend",)
+
+            if not (has_request_arg := "request" in fixturedef.argnames):
+                fixturedef.argnames += ("request",)
+
+            try:
+                return (yield)
+            finally:
+                fixturedef.func = func
+                fixturedef.argnames = original_argname
+
+    return (yield)
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
+def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
+    collector: pytest.Module | pytest.Class, name: str, obj: object
+) -> None:
+    if collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
+        inner_func = obj.hypothesis.inner_test if hasattr(obj, "hypothesis") else obj
+        if iscoroutinefunction(inner_func):
+            anyio_auto_mode = collector.config.getini("anyio_mode") == "auto"
+            marker = collector.get_closest_marker("anyio")
+            own_markers = getattr(obj, "pytestmark", ())
+            if (
+                anyio_auto_mode
+                or marker
+                or any(marker.name == "anyio" for marker in own_markers)
+            ):
+                pytest.mark.usefixtures("anyio_backend")(obj)
+
+
+def pytest_collection_finish(session: pytest.Session) -> None:
+    for i, item in reversed(list(enumerate(session.items))):
+        if (
+            isinstance(item, pytest.Function)
+            and iscoroutinefunction(item.function)
+            and item.get_closest_marker("anyio") is not None
+            and "anyio_backend" not in item.fixturenames
+        ):
+            new_items = []
+            try:
+                cs_fields = {f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(CallSpec2)}
+            except TypeError:
+                cs_fields = set()
+
+            for param_index, backend in enumerate(get_available_backends()):
+                if "_arg2scope" in cs_fields:  # pytest >= 8
+                    callspec = CallSpec2(
+                        params={"anyio_backend": backend},
+                        indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
+                        _arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
+                        _idlist=[backend],
+                        marks=[],
+                    )
+                else:  # pytest 7.x
+                    callspec = CallSpec2(  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+                        funcargs={},
+                        params={"anyio_backend": backend},
+                        indices={"anyio_backend": param_index},
+                        arg2scope={"anyio_backend": Scope.Module},
+                        idlist=[backend],
+                        marks=[],
+                    )
+
+                fi = item._fixtureinfo
+                new_names_closure = list(fi.names_closure)
+                if "anyio_backend" not in new_names_closure:
+                    new_names_closure.append("anyio_backend")
+
+                new_fixtureinfo = FuncFixtureInfo(
+                    argnames=fi.argnames,
+                    initialnames=fi.initialnames,
+                    names_closure=new_names_closure,
+                    name2fixturedefs=fi.name2fixturedefs,
+                )
+                new_item = pytest.Function.from_parent(
+                    item.parent,
+                    name=f"{item.originalname}[{backend}]",
+                    callspec=callspec,
+                    callobj=item.obj,
+                    fixtureinfo=new_fixtureinfo,
+                    keywords=item.keywords,
+                    originalname=item.originalname,
+                )
+                new_items.append(new_item)
+
+            session.items[i : i + 1] = new_items
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
+def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem: Any) -> bool | None:
+    def run_with_hypothesis(**kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+            runner.run_test(original_func, kwargs)
+
+    backend = pyfuncitem.funcargs.get("anyio_backend")
+    if backend:
+        backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(backend)
+
+        if hasattr(pyfuncitem.obj, "hypothesis"):
+            # Wrap the inner test function unless it's already wrapped
+            original_func = pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test
+            if original_func.__qualname__ != run_with_hypothesis.__qualname__:
+                if iscoroutinefunction(original_func):
+                    pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test = run_with_hypothesis
+
+            return None
+
+        if iscoroutinefunction(pyfuncitem.obj):
+            funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
+            testargs = {arg: funcargs[arg] for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames}
+            with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
+                try:
+                    runner.run_test(pyfuncitem.obj, testargs)
+                except ExceptionGroup as excgrp:
+                    for exc in iterate_exceptions(excgrp):
+                        if isinstance(exc, (Exit, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)):
+                            raise exc from excgrp
+
+                    raise
+
+            return True
+
+    return None
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module", params=get_available_backends())
+def anyio_backend(request: Any) -> Any:
+    return request.param
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def anyio_backend_name(anyio_backend: Any) -> str:
+    if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
+        return anyio_backend
+    else:
+        return anyio_backend[0]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def anyio_backend_options(anyio_backend: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
+        return {}
+    else:
+        return anyio_backend[1]
+
+
+class FreePortFactory:
+    """
+    Manages port generation based on specified socket kind, ensuring no duplicate
+    ports are generated.
+
+    This class provides functionality for generating available free ports on the
+    system. It is initialized with a specific socket kind and can generate ports
+    for given address families while avoiding reuse of previously generated ports.
+
+    Users should not instantiate this class directly, but use the
+    ``free_tcp_port_factory`` and ``free_udp_port_factory`` fixtures instead. For simple
+    uses cases, ``free_tcp_port`` and ``free_udp_port`` can be used instead.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, kind: socket.SocketKind) -> None:
+        self._kind = kind
+        self._generated = set[int]()
+
+    @property
+    def kind(self) -> socket.SocketKind:
+        """
+        The type of socket connection (e.g., :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` or
+        :data:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`) used to bind for checking port availability
+
+        """
+        return self._kind
+
+    def __call__(self, family: socket.AddressFamily | None = None) -> int:
+        """
+        Return an unbound port for the given address family.
+
+        :param family: if omitted, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses will be tried
+        :return: a port number
+
+        """
+        if family is not None:
+            families = [family]
+        else:
+            families = [socket.AF_INET]
+            if socket.has_ipv6:
+                families.append(socket.AF_INET6)
+
+        while True:
+            port = 0
+            with ExitStack() as stack:
+                for family in families:
+                    sock = stack.enter_context(socket.socket(family, self._kind))
+                    addr = "::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"
+                    try:
+                        sock.bind((addr, port))
+                    except OSError:
+                        break
+
+                    if not port:
+                        port = sock.getsockname()[1]
+                else:
+                    if port not in self._generated:
+                        self._generated.add(port)
+                        return port
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def free_tcp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
+    return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def free_udp_port_factory() -> FreePortFactory:
+    return FreePortFactory(socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def free_tcp_port(free_tcp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
+    return free_tcp_port_factory()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def free_udp_port(free_udp_port_factory: Callable[[], int]) -> int:
+    return free_udp_port_factory()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acf312b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/buffered.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BufferedByteReceiveStream",
+    "BufferedByteStream",
+    "BufferedConnectable",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, SupportsIndex
+
+from .. import ClosedResourceError, DelimiterNotFound, EndOfStream, IncompleteRead
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class BufferedByteReceiveStream(ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    Wraps any bytes-based receive stream and uses a buffer to provide sophisticated
+    receiving capabilities in the form of a byte stream.
+    """
+
+    receive_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    _buffer: bytearray = field(init=False, default_factory=bytearray)
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    @property
+    def buffer(self) -> bytes:
+        """The bytes currently in the buffer."""
+        return bytes(self._buffer)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.receive_stream.extra_attributes
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: Iterable[SupportsIndex], /) -> None:
+        """
+        Append data directly into the buffer.
+
+        Any data in the buffer will be consumed by receive operations before receiving
+        anything from the wrapped stream.
+
+        :param data: the data to append to the buffer (can be bytes or anything else
+            that supports ``__index__()``)
+
+        """
+        self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._buffer:
+            chunk = bytes(self._buffer[:max_bytes])
+            del self._buffer[:max_bytes]
+            return chunk
+        elif isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+            return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+        else:
+            # With a bytes-oriented object stream, we need to handle any surplus bytes
+            # we get from the receive() call
+            chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            if len(chunk) > max_bytes:
+                # Save the surplus bytes in the buffer
+                self._buffer.extend(chunk[max_bytes:])
+                return chunk[:max_bytes]
+            else:
+                return chunk
+
+    async def receive_exactly(self, nbytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read exactly the given amount of bytes from the stream.
+
+        :param nbytes: the number of bytes to read
+        :return: the bytes read
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the requested
+            amount of bytes could be read from the stream
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            remaining = nbytes - len(self._buffer)
+            if remaining <= 0:
+                retval = self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                del self._buffer[:nbytes]
+                return bytes(retval)
+
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self.receive_stream, ByteReceiveStream):
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive(remaining)
+                else:
+                    chunk = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            self._buffer.extend(chunk)
+
+    async def receive_until(self, delimiter: bytes, max_bytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read from the stream until the delimiter is found or max_bytes have been read.
+
+        :param delimiter: the marker to look for in the stream
+        :param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes that will be read before raising
+            :exc:`~anyio.DelimiterNotFound`
+        :return: the bytes read (not including the delimiter)
+        :raises ~anyio.IncompleteRead: if the stream was closed before the delimiter
+            was found
+        :raises ~anyio.DelimiterNotFound: if the delimiter is not found within the
+            bytes read up to the maximum allowed
+
+        """
+        delimiter_size = len(delimiter)
+        offset = 0
+        while True:
+            # Check if the delimiter can be found in the current buffer
+            index = self._buffer.find(delimiter, offset)
+            if index >= 0:
+                found = self._buffer[:index]
+                del self._buffer[: index + len(delimiter) :]
+                return bytes(found)
+
+            # Check if the buffer is already at or over the limit
+            if len(self._buffer) >= max_bytes:
+                raise DelimiterNotFound(max_bytes)
+
+            # Read more data into the buffer from the socket
+            try:
+                data = await self.receive_stream.receive()
+            except EndOfStream as exc:
+                raise IncompleteRead from exc
+
+            # Move the offset forward and add the new data to the buffer
+            offset = max(len(self._buffer) - delimiter_size + 1, 0)
+            self._buffer.extend(data)
+
+
+class BufferedByteStream(BufferedByteReceiveStream, ByteStream):
+    """
+    A full-duplex variant of :class:`BufferedByteReceiveStream`. All writes are passed
+    through to the wrapped stream as-is.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AnyByteStream):
+        """
+        :param stream: the stream to be wrapped
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(stream)
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    @override
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send_eof()
+
+    @override
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._stream.send(item)
+
+
+class BufferedConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps a byte stream connectable to produce :class:`BufferedByteStream` connections.
+
+    Use this when you want the streams returned by :meth:`connect` to have the buffered
+    receive API (e.g. :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` and
+    :meth:`~BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until`).
+
+    :param connectable: the byte stream connectable to wrap
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> BufferedByteStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return BufferedByteStream(stream)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79c3d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "FileReadStream",
+    "FileStreamAttribute",
+    "FileWriteStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from io import SEEK_SET, UnsupportedOperation
+from os import PathLike
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Any
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    TypedAttributeSet,
+    to_thread,
+    typed_attribute,
+)
+from ..abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
+
+
+class FileStreamAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    #: the open file descriptor
+    file: IO[bytes] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the path of the file on the file system, if available (file must be a real file)
+    path: Path = typed_attribute()
+    #: the file number, if available (file must be a real file or a TTY)
+    fileno: int = typed_attribute()
+
+
+class _BaseFileStream:
+    def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]):
+        self._file = file
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.close)
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
+            FileStreamAttribute.file: lambda: self._file,
+        }
+
+        if hasattr(self._file, "name"):
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.path] = lambda: Path(self._file.name)
+
+        try:
+            self._file.fileno()
+        except UnsupportedOperation:
+            pass
+        else:
+            attributes[FileStreamAttribute.fileno] = lambda: self._file.fileno()
+
+        return attributes
+
+
+class FileReadStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteReceiveStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that reads from a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for reading in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(cls, path: str | PathLike[str]) -> FileReadStream:
+        """
+        Create a file read stream by opening the given file.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to read from
+
+        """
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, "rb")
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            data = await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.read, max_bytes)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+
+        if data:
+            return data
+        else:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+    async def seek(self, position: int, whence: int = SEEK_SET) -> int:
+        """
+        Seek the file to the given position.
+
+        .. seealso:: :meth:`io.IOBase.seek`
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :param position: position to seek the file to
+        :param whence: controls how ``position`` is interpreted
+        :return: the new absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.seek, position, whence)
+
+    async def tell(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the current stream position.
+
+        .. note:: Not all file descriptors are seekable.
+
+        :return: the current absolute position
+        :raises OSError: if the file is not seekable
+
+        """
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.tell)
+
+
+class FileWriteStream(_BaseFileStream, ByteSendStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that writes to a file in the file system.
+
+    :param file: a file that has been opened for writing in binary mode
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def from_path(
+        cls, path: str | PathLike[str], append: bool = False
+    ) -> FileWriteStream:
+        """
+        Create a file write stream by opening the given file for writing.
+
+        :param path: path of the file to write to
+        :param append: if ``True``, open the file for appending; if ``False``, any
+            existing file at the given path will be truncated
+
+        """
+        mode = "ab" if append else "wb"
+        file = await to_thread.run_sync(Path(path).open, mode)
+        return cls(file)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            await to_thread.run_sync(self._file.write, item)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ClosedResourceError from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            raise BrokenResourceError from exc
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3fa0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MemoryObjectReceiveStream",
+    "MemoryObjectSendStream",
+    "MemoryObjectStreamStatistics",
+)
+
+import warnings
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    ClosedResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    WouldBlock,
+)
+from .._core._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
+from ..abc import Event, ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
+from ..lowlevel import checkpoint
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(NamedTuple):
+    current_buffer_used: int  #: number of items stored in the buffer
+    #: maximum number of items that can be stored on this stream (or :data:`math.inf`)
+    max_buffer_size: float
+    open_send_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the send stream
+    open_receive_streams: int  #: number of unclosed clones of the receive stream
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectSendStream.send`
+    tasks_waiting_send: int
+    #: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`MemoryObjectReceiveStream.receive`
+    tasks_waiting_receive: int
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectItemReceiver(Generic[T_Item]):
+    task_info: TaskInfo = field(init=False, default_factory=get_current_task)
+    item: T_Item = field(init=False)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # When item is not defined, we get following error with default __repr__:
+        # AttributeError: 'MemoryObjectItemReceiver' object has no attribute 'item'
+        item = getattr(self, "item", None)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(task_info={self.task_info}, item={item!r})"
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class _MemoryObjectStreamState(Generic[T_Item]):
+    max_buffer_size: float = field()
+    buffer: deque[T_Item] = field(init=False, default_factory=deque)
+    open_send_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    open_receive_channels: int = field(init=False, default=0)
+    waiting_receivers: OrderedDict[Event, _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_Item]] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+    waiting_senders: OrderedDict[Event, T_Item] = field(
+        init=False, default_factory=OrderedDict
+    )
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        return MemoryObjectStreamStatistics(
+            len(self.buffer),
+            self.max_buffer_size,
+            self.open_send_channels,
+            self.open_receive_channels,
+            len(self.waiting_senders),
+            len(self.waiting_receivers),
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectReceiveStream(Generic[T_co], ObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_co]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_receive_channels += 1
+
+    def receive_nowait(self) -> T_co:
+        """
+        Receive the next item if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :return: the received item
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if the buffer is empty and this stream has been
+            closed from the sending end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no items in the buffer and no tasks
+            waiting to send
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        if self._state.waiting_senders:
+            # Get the item from the next sender
+            send_event, item = self._state.waiting_senders.popitem(last=False)
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+            send_event.set()
+
+        if self._state.buffer:
+            return self._state.buffer.popleft()
+        elif not self._state.open_send_channels:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_co:
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            return self.receive_nowait()
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Add ourselves in the queue
+            receive_event = Event()
+            receiver = _MemoryObjectItemReceiver[T_co]()
+            self._state.waiting_receivers[receive_event] = receiver
+
+            try:
+                await receive_event.wait()
+            finally:
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.pop(receive_event, None)
+
+            try:
+                return receiver.item
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise EndOfStream from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this receive stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the receiving end of the memory stream be considered closed by the sending ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectReceiveStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_receive_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_receive_channels == 0:
+                send_events = list(self._state.waiting_senders.keys())
+                for event in send_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MemoryObjectSendStream(Generic[T_contra], ObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
+    _state: _MemoryObjectStreamState[T_contra]
+    _closed: bool = field(init=False, default=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        self._state.open_send_channels += 1
+
+    def send_nowait(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item immediately if it can be done without waiting.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+        :raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the buffer is full and there are no tasks waiting
+            to receive
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+        if not self._state.open_receive_channels:
+            raise BrokenResourceError
+
+        while self._state.waiting_receivers:
+            receive_event, receiver = self._state.waiting_receivers.popitem(last=False)
+            if not receiver.task_info.has_pending_cancellation():
+                receiver.item = item
+                receive_event.set()
+                return
+
+        if len(self._state.buffer) < self._state.max_buffer_size:
+            self._state.buffer.append(item)
+        else:
+            raise WouldBlock
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an item to the stream.
+
+        If the buffer is full, this method blocks until there is again room in the
+        buffer or the item can be sent directly to a receiver.
+
+        :param item: the item to send
+        :raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if this send stream has been closed
+        :raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if the stream has been closed from the
+            receiving end
+
+        """
+        await checkpoint()
+        try:
+            self.send_nowait(item)
+        except WouldBlock:
+            # Wait until there's someone on the receiving end
+            send_event = Event()
+            self._state.waiting_senders[send_event] = item
+            try:
+                await send_event.wait()
+            except BaseException:
+                self._state.waiting_senders.pop(send_event, None)
+                raise
+
+            if send_event in self._state.waiting_senders:
+                del self._state.waiting_senders[send_event]
+                raise BrokenResourceError from None
+
+    def clone(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        """
+        Create a clone of this send stream.
+
+        Each clone can be closed separately. Only when all clones have been closed will
+        the sending end of the memory stream be considered closed by the receiving ends.
+
+        :return: the cloned stream
+
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ClosedResourceError
+
+        return MemoryObjectSendStream(_state=self._state)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the stream.
+
+        This works the exact same way as :meth:`aclose`, but is provided as a special
+        case for the benefit of synchronous callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            self._state.open_send_channels -= 1
+            if self._state.open_send_channels == 0:
+                receive_events = list(self._state.waiting_receivers.keys())
+                self._state.waiting_receivers.clear()
+                for event in receive_events:
+                    event.set()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def statistics(self) -> MemoryObjectStreamStatistics:
+        """
+        Return statistics about the current state of this stream.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+        return self._state.statistics()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryObjectSendStream[T_contra]:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_val: BaseException | None,
+        exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Unclosed <{self.__class__.__name__} at {id(self):x}>",
+                ResourceWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+                source=self,
+            )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9248b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/stapled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "MultiListener",
+    "StapledByteStream",
+    "StapledObjectStream",
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+
+from ..abc import (
+    ByteReceiveStream,
+    ByteSendStream,
+    ByteStream,
+    Listener,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
+T_Stream = TypeVar("T_Stream")
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledByteStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    Combines two byte streams into a single, bidirectional byte stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ByteSendStream send_stream: the sending byte stream
+    :param ByteReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving byte stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ByteSendStream
+    receive_stream: ByteReceiveStream
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive(max_bytes)
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class StapledObjectStream(Generic[T_Item], ObjectStream[T_Item]):
+    """
+    Combines two object streams into a single, bidirectional object stream.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param ObjectSendStream send_stream: the sending object stream
+    :param ObjectReceiveStream receive_stream: the receiving object stream
+    """
+
+    send_stream: ObjectSendStream[T_Item]
+    receive_stream: ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]
+
+    async def receive(self) -> T_Item:
+        return await self.receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: T_Item) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.send_stream.aclose()
+        await self.receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self.receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class MultiListener(Generic[T_Stream], Listener[T_Stream]):
+    """
+    Combines multiple listeners into one, serving connections from all of them at once.
+
+    Any MultiListeners in the given collection of listeners will have their listeners
+    moved into this one.
+
+    Extra attributes are provided from each listener, with each successive listener
+    overriding any conflicting attributes from the previous one.
+
+    :param listeners: listeners to serve
+    :type listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+    """
+
+    listeners: Sequence[Listener[T_Stream]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        listeners: list[Listener[T_Stream]] = []
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            if isinstance(listener, MultiListener):
+                listeners.extend(listener.listeners)
+                del listener.listeners[:]  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            else:
+                listeners.append(listener)
+
+        self.listeners = listeners
+
+    async def serve(
+        self, handler: Callable[[T_Stream], Any], task_group: TaskGroup | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        from .. import create_task_group
+
+        async with create_task_group() as tg:
+            for listener in self.listeners:
+                tg.start_soon(listener.serve, handler, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            await listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        attributes: dict = {}
+        for listener in self.listeners:
+            attributes.update(listener.extra_attributes)
+
+        return attributes
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..296cd25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TextConnectable",
+    "TextReceiveStream",
+    "TextSendStream",
+    "TextStream",
+)
+
+import codecs
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import InitVar, dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteReceiveStream,
+    AnyByteSendStream,
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ObjectReceiveStream,
+    ObjectSendStream,
+    ObjectStream,
+    ObjectStreamConnectable,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextReceiveStream(ObjectReceiveStream[str]):
+    """
+    Stream wrapper that decodes bytes to strings using the given encoding.
+
+    Decoding is done using :class:`~codecs.IncrementalDecoder` which returns any
+    completely received unicode characters as soon as they come in.
+
+    :param transport_stream: any bytes-based receive stream
+    :param encoding: character encoding to use for decoding bytes to strings (defaults
+        to ``utf-8``)
+    :param errors: handling scheme for decoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see the
+        `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteReceiveStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _decoder: codecs.IncrementalDecoder = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        decoder_class = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)
+        self._decoder = decoder_class(errors=errors)
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        while True:
+            chunk = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+            decoded = self._decoder.decode(chunk)
+            if decoded:
+                return decoded
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+        self._decoder.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextSendStream(ObjectSendStream[str]):
+    """
+    Sends strings to the wrapped stream as bytes using the given encoding.
+
+    :param AnyByteSendStream transport_stream: any bytes-based send stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding strings to bytes
+        (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteSendStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: str = "strict"
+    _encoder: Callable[..., tuple[bytes, int]] = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str) -> None:
+        self._encoder = codecs.getencoder(encoding)
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        encoded = self._encoder(item, self.errors)[0]
+        await self.transport_stream.send(encoded)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return self.transport_stream.extra_attributes
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TextStream(ObjectStream[str]):
+    """
+    A bidirectional stream that decodes bytes to strings on receive and encodes strings
+    to bytes on send.
+
+    Extra attributes will be provided from both streams, with the receive stream
+    providing the values in case of a conflict.
+
+    :param AnyByteStream transport_stream: any bytes-based stream
+    :param str encoding: character encoding to use for encoding/decoding strings to/from
+        bytes (defaults to ``utf-8``)
+    :param str errors: handling scheme for encoding errors (defaults to ``strict``; see
+        the `codecs module documentation`_ for a comprehensive list of options)
+
+    .. _codecs module documentation:
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#codec-objects
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    encoding: InitVar[str] = "utf-8"
+    errors: InitVar[str] = "strict"
+    _receive_stream: TextReceiveStream = field(init=False)
+    _send_stream: TextSendStream = field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self, encoding: str, errors: str) -> None:
+        self._receive_stream = TextReceiveStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+        self._send_stream = TextSendStream(
+            self.transport_stream, encoding=encoding, errors=errors
+        )
+
+    async def receive(self) -> str:
+        return await self._receive_stream.receive()
+
+    async def send(self, item: str) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.send(item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        await self.transport_stream.send_eof()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._send_stream.aclose()
+        await self._receive_stream.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self._send_stream.extra_attributes,
+            **self._receive_stream.extra_attributes,
+        }
+
+
+class TextConnectable(ObjectStreamConnectable[str]):
+    def __init__(self, connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable):
+        """
+        :param connectable: the bytestream endpoint to wrap
+
+        """
+        self.connectable = connectable
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TextStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        return TextStream(stream)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2a7ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/streams/tls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "TLSAttribute",
+    "TLSConnectable",
+    "TLSListener",
+    "TLSStream",
+)
+
+import logging
+import re
+import ssl
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import wraps
+from ssl import SSLContext
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, TypeVar
+
+from .. import (
+    BrokenResourceError,
+    EndOfStream,
+    aclose_forcefully,
+    get_cancelled_exc_class,
+    to_thread,
+)
+from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute
+from ..abc import (
+    AnyByteStream,
+    AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+    ByteStream,
+    ByteStreamConnectable,
+    Listener,
+    TaskGroup,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from typing import override
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import override
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+_PCTRTT: TypeAlias = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT: TypeAlias = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+
+
+class TLSAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
+    """Contains Transport Layer Security related attributes."""
+
+    #: the selected ALPN protocol
+    alpn_protocol: str | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the channel binding for type ``tls-unique``
+    channel_binding_tls_unique: bytes = typed_attribute()
+    #: the selected cipher
+    cipher: tuple[str, str, int] = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in dictionary form (see :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.getpeercert`
+    # for more information)
+    peer_certificate: None | (dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]) = typed_attribute()
+    #: the peer certificate in binary form
+    peer_certificate_binary: bytes | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection
+    server_side: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: ciphers shared by the client during the TLS handshake (``None`` if this is the
+    #: client side)
+    shared_ciphers: list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None = typed_attribute()
+    #: the :class:`~ssl.SSLObject` used for encryption
+    ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject = typed_attribute()
+    #: ``True`` if this stream does (and expects) a closing TLS handshake when the
+    #: stream is being closed
+    standard_compatible: bool = typed_attribute()
+    #: the TLS protocol version (e.g. ``TLSv1.2``)
+    tls_version: str = typed_attribute()
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSStream(ByteStream):
+    """
+    A stream wrapper that encrypts all sent data and decrypts received data.
+
+    This class has no public initializer; use :meth:`wrap` instead.
+    All extra attributes from :class:`~TLSAttribute` are supported.
+
+    :var AnyByteStream transport_stream: the wrapped stream
+
+    """
+
+    transport_stream: AnyByteStream
+    standard_compatible: bool
+    _ssl_object: ssl.SSLObject
+    _read_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+    _write_bio: ssl.MemoryBIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def wrap(
+        cls,
+        transport_stream: AnyByteStream,
+        *,
+        server_side: bool | None = None,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> TLSStream:
+        """
+        Wrap an existing stream with Transport Layer Security.
+
+        This performs a TLS handshake with the peer.
+
+        :param transport_stream: a bytes-transporting stream to wrap
+        :param server_side: ``True`` if this is the server side of the connection,
+            ``False`` if this is the client side (if omitted, will be set to ``False``
+            if ``hostname`` has been provided, ``False`` otherwise). Used only to create
+            a default context when an explicit context has not been provided.
+        :param hostname: host name of the peer (if host name checking is desired)
+        :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure
+            default will be created)
+        :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when
+            closing the connection, and don't raise an exception if the peer does the
+            same
+        :raises ~ssl.SSLError: if the TLS handshake fails
+
+        """
+        if server_side is None:
+            server_side = not hostname
+
+        if not ssl_context:
+            purpose = (
+                ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH if server_side else ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+            )
+            ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(purpose)
+
+            # Re-enable detection of unexpected EOFs if it was disabled by Python
+            if hasattr(ssl, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF"):
+                ssl_context.options &= ~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF
+
+        bio_in = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        bio_out = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        # External SSLContext implementations may do blocking I/O in wrap_bio(),
+        # but the standard library implementation won't
+        if type(ssl_context) is ssl.SSLContext:
+            ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+                bio_in, bio_out, server_side=server_side, server_hostname=hostname
+            )
+        else:
+            ssl_object = await to_thread.run_sync(
+                ssl_context.wrap_bio,
+                bio_in,
+                bio_out,
+                server_side,
+                hostname,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        wrapper = cls(
+            transport_stream=transport_stream,
+            standard_compatible=standard_compatible,
+            _ssl_object=ssl_object,
+            _read_bio=bio_in,
+            _write_bio=bio_out,
+        )
+        await wrapper._call_sslobject_method(ssl_object.do_handshake)
+        return wrapper
+
+    async def _call_sslobject_method(
+        self, func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval], *args: Unpack[PosArgsT]
+    ) -> T_Retval:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                result = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
+                try:
+                    # Flush any pending writes first
+                    if self._write_bio.pending:
+                        await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                    data = await self.transport_stream.receive()
+                except EndOfStream:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                    self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                    raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                else:
+                    self._read_bio.write(data)
+            except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
+                await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+            except ssl.SSLSyscallError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+            except ssl.SSLError as exc:
+                self._read_bio.write_eof()
+                self._write_bio.write_eof()
+                if isinstance(exc, ssl.SSLEOFError) or (
+                    exc.strerror and "UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING" in exc.strerror
+                ):
+                    if self.standard_compatible:
+                        raise BrokenResourceError from exc
+                    else:
+                        raise EndOfStream from None
+
+                raise
+            else:
+                # Flush any pending writes first
+                if self._write_bio.pending:
+                    await self.transport_stream.send(self._write_bio.read())
+
+                return result
+
+    async def unwrap(self) -> tuple[AnyByteStream, bytes]:
+        """
+        Does the TLS closing handshake.
+
+        :return: a tuple of (wrapped byte stream, bytes left in the read buffer)
+
+        """
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.unwrap)
+        self._read_bio.write_eof()
+        self._write_bio.write_eof()
+        return self.transport_stream, self._read_bio.read()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self.standard_compatible:
+            try:
+                await self.unwrap()
+            except BaseException:
+                await aclose_forcefully(self.transport_stream)
+                raise
+
+        await self.transport_stream.aclose()
+
+    async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
+        data = await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.read, max_bytes)
+        if not data:
+            raise EndOfStream
+
+        return data
+
+    async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
+        await self._call_sslobject_method(self._ssl_object.write, item)
+
+    async def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        tls_version = self.extra(TLSAttribute.tls_version)
+        match = re.match(r"TLSv(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?", tls_version)
+        if match:
+            major, minor = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2) or 0)
+            if (major, minor) < (1, 3):
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    f"send_eof() requires at least TLSv1.3; current "
+                    f"session uses {tls_version}"
+                )
+
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "send_eof() has not yet been implemented for TLS streams"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            **self.transport_stream.extra_attributes,
+            TLSAttribute.alpn_protocol: self._ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol,
+            TLSAttribute.channel_binding_tls_unique: (
+                self._ssl_object.get_channel_binding
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.cipher: self._ssl_object.cipher,
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(False),
+            TLSAttribute.peer_certificate_binary: lambda: self._ssl_object.getpeercert(
+                True
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.server_side: lambda: self._ssl_object.server_side,
+            TLSAttribute.shared_ciphers: lambda: (
+                self._ssl_object.shared_ciphers()
+                if self._ssl_object.server_side
+                else None
+            ),
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+            TLSAttribute.ssl_object: lambda: self._ssl_object,
+            TLSAttribute.tls_version: self._ssl_object.version,
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(eq=False)
+class TLSListener(Listener[TLSStream]):
+    """
+    A convenience listener that wraps another listener and auto-negotiates a TLS session
+    on every accepted connection.
+
+    If the TLS handshake times out or raises an exception,
+    :meth:`handle_handshake_error` is called to do whatever post-mortem processing is
+    deemed necessary.
+
+    Supports only the :attr:`~TLSAttribute.standard_compatible` extra attribute.
+
+    :param Listener listener: the listener to wrap
+    :param ssl_context: the SSL context object
+    :param standard_compatible: a flag passed through to :meth:`TLSStream.wrap`
+    :param handshake_timeout: time limit for the TLS handshake
+        (passed to :func:`~anyio.fail_after`)
+    """
+
+    listener: Listener[Any]
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext
+    standard_compatible: bool = True
+    handshake_timeout: float = 30
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def handle_handshake_error(exc: BaseException, stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle an exception raised during the TLS handshake.
+
+        This method does 3 things:
+
+        #. Forcefully closes the original stream
+        #. Logs the exception (unless it was a cancellation exception) using the
+           ``anyio.streams.tls`` logger
+        #. Reraises the exception if it was a base exception or a cancellation exception
+
+        :param exc: the exception
+        :param stream: the original stream
+
+        """
+        await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+
+        # Log all except cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            # CPython (as of 3.11.5) returns incorrect `sys.exc_info()` here when using
+            # any asyncio implementation, so we explicitly pass the exception to log
+            # (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/108668). Trio does not have this
+            # issue because it works around the CPython bug.
+            logging.getLogger(__name__).exception(
+                "Error during TLS handshake", exc_info=exc
+            )
+
+        # Only reraise base exceptions and cancellation exceptions
+        if not isinstance(exc, Exception) or isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+            raise
+
+    async def serve(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[TLSStream], Any],
+        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        @wraps(handler)
+        async def handler_wrapper(stream: AnyByteStream) -> None:
+            from .. import fail_after
+
+            try:
+                with fail_after(self.handshake_timeout):
+                    wrapped_stream = await TLSStream.wrap(
+                        stream,
+                        ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                        standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+                    )
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                await self.handle_handshake_error(exc, stream)
+            else:
+                await handler(wrapped_stream)
+
+        await self.listener.serve(handler_wrapper, task_group)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self.listener.aclose()
+
+    @property
+    def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
+        return {
+            TLSAttribute.standard_compatible: lambda: self.standard_compatible,
+        }
+
+
+class TLSConnectable(ByteStreamConnectable):
+    """
+    Wraps another connectable and does TLS negotiation after a successful connection.
+
+    :param connectable: the connectable to wrap
+    :param hostname: host name of the server (if host name checking is desired)
+    :param ssl_context: the SSLContext object to use (if not provided, a secure default
+        will be created)
+    :param standard_compatible: if ``False``, skip the closing handshake when closing
+        the connection, and don't raise an exception if the server does the same
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        connectable: AnyByteStreamConnectable,
+        *,
+        hostname: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        standard_compatible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connectable = connectable
+        self.ssl_context: SSLContext = ssl_context or ssl.create_default_context(
+            ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+        )
+        if not isinstance(self.ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "ssl_context must be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, not "
+                f"{type(self.ssl_context).__name__}"
+            )
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.standard_compatible = standard_compatible
+
+    @override
+    async def connect(self) -> TLSStream:
+        stream = await self.connectable.connect()
+        try:
+            return await TLSStream.wrap(
+                stream,
+                hostname=self.hostname,
+                ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
+                standard_compatible=self.standard_compatible,
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            await aclose_forcefully(stream)
+            raise
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..694dbe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_interpreter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "run_sync",
+    "current_default_interpreter_limiter",
+)
+
+import atexit
+import os
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Final, TypeVar
+
+from . import current_time, to_thread
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerInterpreter
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+from .lowlevel import RunVar
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from concurrent.interpreters import ExecutionFailed, create
+
+    def _interp_call(
+        func: Callable[..., Any], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+    ) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+        try:
+            retval = func(*args)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            return exc, True
+        else:
+            return retval, False
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter = create()
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter.close()
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            try:
+                res, is_exception = self._interpreter.call(_interp_call, func, args)
+            except ExecutionFailed as exc:
+                raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc.excinfo) from exc
+
+            if is_exception:
+                raise res
+
+            return res
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    import _interpqueues
+    import _interpreters
+
+    UNBOUND: Final = 2  # I have no clue how this works, but it was used in the stdlib
+    FMT_UNPICKLED: Final = 0
+    FMT_PICKLED: Final = 1
+    QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_PICKLED, UNBOUND)
+    QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS: Final = (FMT_UNPICKLED, UNBOUND)
+
+    _run_func = compile(
+        """
+import _interpqueues
+from _interpreters import NotShareableError
+from pickle import loads, dumps, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
+
+QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS = (1, 2)
+QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS = (0, 2)
+
+item = _interpqueues.get(queue_id)[0]
+try:
+    func, args = loads(item)
+    retval = func(*args)
+except BaseException as exc:
+    is_exception = True
+    retval = exc
+else:
+    is_exception = False
+
+try:
+    _interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
+except NotShareableError:
+    retval = dumps(retval, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+    _interpqueues.put(queue_id, (retval, is_exception), *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
+    """,
+        "<string>",
+        "exec",
+    )
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._interpreter_id = _interpreters.create()
+            self._queue_id = _interpqueues.create(1, *QUEUE_UNPICKLE_ARGS)
+            _interpreters.set___main___attrs(
+                self._interpreter_id, {"queue_id": self._queue_id}
+            )
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            _interpqueues.destroy(self._queue_id)
+            _interpreters.destroy(self._interpreter_id)
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            import pickle
+
+            item = pickle.dumps((func, args), pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+            _interpqueues.put(self._queue_id, item, *QUEUE_PICKLE_ARGS)
+            exc_info = _interpreters.exec(self._interpreter_id, _run_func)
+            if exc_info:
+                raise BrokenWorkerInterpreter(exc_info)
+
+            res = _interpqueues.get(self._queue_id)
+            (res, is_exception), fmt = res[:2]
+            if fmt == FMT_PICKLED:
+                res = pickle.loads(res)
+
+            if is_exception:
+                raise res
+
+            return res
+else:
+
+    class _Worker:
+        last_used: float = 0
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            raise RuntimeError("subinterpreters require at least Python 3.13")
+
+        def call(
+            self,
+            func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
+            args: tuple[Any, ...],
+        ) -> T_Retval:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        def destroy(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+
+DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT: Final = 8  # this is just an arbitrarily selected value
+MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME = (
+    30  # seconds a subinterpreter can be idle before becoming eligible for pruning
+)
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_idle_workers = RunVar[deque[_Worker]]("_available_workers")
+_default_interpreter_limiter = RunVar[CapacityLimiter]("_default_interpreter_limiter")
+
+
+def _stop_workers(workers: deque[_Worker]) -> None:
+    for worker in workers:
+        worker.destroy()
+
+    workers.clear()
+
+
+async def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a subinterpreter.
+
+    .. warning:: On Python 3.13, the :mod:`concurrent.interpreters` module was not yet
+        available, so the code path for that Python version relies on an undocumented,
+        private API. As such, it is recommended to not rely on this function for anything
+        mission-critical on Python 3.13.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: the positional arguments for the callable
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total number of subinterpreters
+        running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :return: the result of the call
+    :raises BrokenWorkerInterpreter: if there's an internal error in a subinterpreter
+
+    """
+    if limiter is None:
+        limiter = current_default_interpreter_limiter()
+
+    try:
+        idle_workers = _idle_workers.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        idle_workers = deque()
+        _idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+        atexit.register(_stop_workers, idle_workers)
+
+    async with limiter:
+        try:
+            worker = idle_workers.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            worker = _Worker()
+
+    try:
+        return await to_thread.run_sync(
+            worker.call,
+            func,
+            args,
+            limiter=limiter,
+        )
+    finally:
+        # Prune workers that have been idle for too long
+        now = current_time()
+        while idle_workers:
+            if now - idle_workers[0].last_used <= MAX_WORKER_IDLE_TIME:
+                break
+
+            await to_thread.run_sync(idle_workers.popleft().destroy, limiter=limiter)
+
+        worker.last_used = current_time()
+        idle_workers.append(worker)
+
+
+def current_default_interpreter_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter used by default to limit the number of concurrently
+    running subinterpreters.
+
+    Defaults to the number of CPU cores.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return _default_interpreter_limiter.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or DEFAULT_CPU_COUNT)
+        _default_interpreter_limiter.set(limiter)
+        return limiter
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd65b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "current_default_process_limiter",
+    "process_worker",
+    "run_sync",
+)
+
+import os
+import pickle
+import runpy
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import TypeVar, cast
+
+from ._core._eventloop import current_time, get_async_backend, get_cancelled_exc_class
+from ._core._exceptions import BrokenWorkerProcess
+from ._core._subprocesses import open_process
+from ._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter
+from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, fail_after
+from .abc import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream, Process
+from .lowlevel import RunVar, checkpoint_if_cancelled
+from .streams.buffered import BufferedByteReceiveStream
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME = 300  # 5 minutes
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+_process_pool_workers: RunVar[set[Process]] = RunVar("_process_pool_workers")
+_process_pool_idle_workers: RunVar[deque[tuple[Process, float]]] = RunVar(
+    "_process_pool_idle_workers"
+)
+_default_process_limiter: RunVar[CapacityLimiter] = RunVar("_default_process_limiter")
+
+
+async def run_sync(  # type: ignore[return]
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    cancellable: bool = False,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker process.
+
+    If the ``cancellable`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its completion is
+    cancelled, the worker process running it will be abruptly terminated using SIGKILL
+    (or ``terminateProcess()`` on Windows).
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param cancellable: ``True`` to allow cancellation of the operation while it's
+        running
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of processes
+        running (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    :return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
+
+    """
+
+    async def send_raw_command(pickled_cmd: bytes) -> object:
+        try:
+            await stdin.send(pickled_cmd)
+            response = await buffered.receive_until(b"\n", 50)
+            status, length = response.split(b" ")
+            if status not in (b"RETURN", b"EXCEPTION"):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {response!r}"
+                )
+
+            pickled_response = await buffered.receive_exactly(int(length))
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            workers.discard(process)
+            try:
+                process.kill()
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    await process.aclose()
+            except ProcessLookupError:
+                pass
+
+            if isinstance(exc, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                raise
+            else:
+                raise BrokenWorkerProcess from exc
+
+        retval = pickle.loads(pickled_response)
+        if status == b"EXCEPTION":
+            assert isinstance(retval, BaseException)
+            raise retval
+        else:
+            return retval
+
+    # First pickle the request before trying to reserve a worker process
+    await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
+    request = pickle.dumps(("run", func, args), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+    # If this is the first run in this event loop thread, set up the necessary variables
+    try:
+        workers = _process_pool_workers.get()
+        idle_workers = _process_pool_idle_workers.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        workers = set()
+        idle_workers = deque()
+        _process_pool_workers.set(workers)
+        _process_pool_idle_workers.set(idle_workers)
+        get_async_backend().setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(workers)
+
+    async with limiter or current_default_process_limiter():
+        # Pop processes from the pool (starting from the most recently used) until we
+        # find one that hasn't exited yet
+        process: Process
+        while idle_workers:
+            process, idle_since = idle_workers.pop()
+            if process.returncode is None:
+                stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
+                buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
+                    cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
+                )
+
+                # Prune any other workers that have been idle for WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME
+                # seconds or longer
+                now = current_time()
+                killed_processes: list[Process] = []
+                while idle_workers:
+                    if now - idle_workers[0][1] < WORKER_MAX_IDLE_TIME:
+                        break
+
+                    process_to_kill, idle_since = idle_workers.popleft()
+                    process_to_kill.kill()
+                    workers.remove(process_to_kill)
+                    killed_processes.append(process_to_kill)
+
+                with CancelScope(shield=True):
+                    for killed_process in killed_processes:
+                        await killed_process.aclose()
+
+                break
+
+            workers.remove(process)
+        else:
+            command = [sys.executable, "-u", "-m", __name__]
+            process = await open_process(
+                command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            try:
+                stdin = cast(ByteSendStream, process.stdin)
+                buffered = BufferedByteReceiveStream(
+                    cast(ByteReceiveStream, process.stdout)
+                )
+                with fail_after(20):
+                    message = await buffered.receive(6)
+
+                if message != b"READY\n":
+                    raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
+                        f"Worker process returned unexpected response: {message!r}"
+                    )
+
+                main_module_path = getattr(sys.modules["__main__"], "__file__", None)
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(
+                    ("init", sys.path, main_module_path),
+                    protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL,
+                )
+                await send_raw_command(pickled)
+            except (BrokenWorkerProcess, get_cancelled_exc_class()):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                process.kill()
+                raise BrokenWorkerProcess(
+                    "Error during worker process initialization"
+                ) from exc
+
+            workers.add(process)
+
+        with CancelScope(shield=not cancellable):
+            try:
+                return cast(T_Retval, await send_raw_command(request))
+            finally:
+                if process in workers:
+                    idle_workers.append((process, current_time()))
+
+
+def current_default_process_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of worker
+    processes.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+
+    """
+    try:
+        return _default_process_limiter.get()
+    except LookupError:
+        limiter = CapacityLimiter(os.cpu_count() or 2)
+        _default_process_limiter.set(limiter)
+        return limiter
+
+
+def process_worker() -> None:
+    # Redirect standard streams to os.devnull so that user code won't interfere with the
+    # parent-worker communication
+    stdin = sys.stdin
+    stdout = sys.stdout
+    sys.stdin = open(os.devnull)
+    sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
+
+    stdout.buffer.write(b"READY\n")
+    while True:
+        retval = exception = None
+        try:
+            command, *args = pickle.load(stdin.buffer)
+        except EOFError:
+            return
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exception = exc
+        else:
+            if command == "run":
+                func, args = args
+                try:
+                    retval = func(*args)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    exception = exc
+            elif command == "init":
+                main_module_path: str | None
+                sys.path, main_module_path = args
+                del sys.modules["__main__"]
+                if main_module_path and os.path.isfile(main_module_path):
+                    # Load the parent's main module but as __mp_main__ instead of
+                    # __main__ (like multiprocessing does) to avoid infinite recursion
+                    try:
+                        main = ModuleType("__mp_main__")
+                        main_content = runpy.run_path(
+                            main_module_path, run_name="__mp_main__"
+                        )
+                        main.__dict__.update(main_content)
+                        sys.modules["__main__"] = sys.modules["__mp_main__"] = main
+                    except BaseException as exc:
+                        exception = exc
+        try:
+            if exception is not None:
+                status = b"EXCEPTION"
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(exception, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+            else:
+                status = b"RETURN"
+                pickled = pickle.dumps(retval, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            exception = exc
+            status = b"EXCEPTION"
+            pickled = pickle.dumps(exc, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+        stdout.buffer.write(b"%s %d\n" % (status, len(pickled)))
+        stdout.buffer.write(pickled)
+
+        # Respect SIGTERM
+        if isinstance(exception, SystemExit):
+            raise exception
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    process_worker()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83c79d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anyio/to_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = (
+    "run_sync",
+    "current_default_thread_limiter",
+)
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TypeVar
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ._core._eventloop import get_async_backend
+from .abc import CapacityLimiter
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
+
+T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
+PosArgsT = TypeVarTuple("PosArgsT")
+
+
+async def run_sync(
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[PosArgsT]], T_Retval],
+    *args: Unpack[PosArgsT],
+    abandon_on_cancel: bool = False,
+    cancellable: bool | None = None,
+    limiter: CapacityLimiter | None = None,
+) -> T_Retval:
+    """
+    Call the given function with the given arguments in a worker thread.
+
+    If the ``abandon_on_cancel`` option is enabled and the task waiting for its
+    completion is cancelled, the thread will still run its course but its
+    return value (or any raised exception) will be ignored.
+
+    :param func: a callable
+    :param args: positional arguments for the callable
+    :param abandon_on_cancel: ``True`` to abandon the thread (leaving it to run
+        unchecked on own) if the host task is cancelled, ``False`` to ignore
+        cancellations in the host task until the operation has completed in the worker
+        thread
+    :param cancellable: deprecated alias of ``abandon_on_cancel``; will override
+        ``abandon_on_cancel`` if both parameters are passed
+    :param limiter: capacity limiter to use to limit the total amount of threads running
+        (if omitted, the default limiter is used)
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+    :return: an awaitable that yields the return value of the function.
+
+    """
+    if cancellable is not None:
+        abandon_on_cancel = cancellable
+        warn(
+            "The `cancellable=` keyword argument to `anyio.to_thread.run_sync` is "
+            "deprecated since AnyIO 4.1.0; use `abandon_on_cancel=` instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return await get_async_backend().run_sync_in_worker_thread(
+        func, args, abandon_on_cancel=abandon_on_cancel, limiter=limiter
+    )
+
+
+def current_default_thread_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
+    """
+    Return the capacity limiter that is used by default to limit the number of
+    concurrent threads.
+
+    :return: a capacity limiter object
+    :raises NoEventLoopError: if no supported asynchronous event loop is running in the
+        current thread
+
+    """
+    return get_async_backend().current_default_thread_limiter()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d4f101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: certifi
+Version: 2026.6.17
+Summary: Python package for providing Mozilla's CA Bundle.
+Home-page: https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Author: Kenneth Reitz
+Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com
+License: MPL-2.0
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)
+Classifier: Natural Language :: English
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: project-url
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+Certifi: Python SSL Certificates
+================================
+
+Certifi provides Mozilla's carefully curated collection of Root Certificates for
+validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity
+of TLS hosts. It has been extracted from the `Requests`_ project.
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+``certifi`` is available on PyPI. Simply install it with ``pip``::
+
+    $ pip install certifi
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To reference the installed certificate authority (CA) bundle, you can use the
+built-in function::
+
+    >>> import certifi
+
+    >>> certifi.where()
+    '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem'
+
+Or from the command line::
+
+    $ python -m certifi
+    /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
+
+Enjoy!
+
+.. _`Requests`: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+Addition/Removal of Certificates
+--------------------------------
+
+Certifi does not support any addition/removal or other modification of the
+CA trust store content. This project is intended to provide a reliable and
+highly portable root of trust to python deployments. Look to upstream projects
+for methods to use alternate trust.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7a9fd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=6hXAnt0a2el7xm2e9xvPuRCntZLjdKCkN81e47E0wN8,2474
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/RECORD,,
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=aeYiig01lYGDzBgS8HxWXOg3uV61G9ijOsup-k9o1sk,91
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=6TcW2mucDVpKHfYP5pWzcPBpVgPSH2-D8FPkLPwQyvc,989
+certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=KMu4vUCfsjLrkPbSNdgdekS-pVJzBAJFO__nI8NF6-U,8
+certifi/__init__.py,sha256=-W1R_y8WCaSkT1tdjuxH_zTBZY1YH6xQgdN1nbBajOE,94
+certifi/__main__.py,sha256=xBBoj905TUWBLRGANOcf7oi6e-3dMP4cEoG9OyMs11g,243
+certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+certifi/cacert.pem,sha256=u8fpwB11UbuKFZtd7dmJuO484QWv9SK2jrGwG_hUyrA,234354
+certifi/core.py,sha256=XFXycndG5pf37ayeF8N32HUuDafsyhkVMbO4BAPWHa0,3394
+certifi/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a883f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62b076c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+This package contains a modified version of ca-bundle.crt:
+
+ca-bundle.crt -- Bundle of CA Root Certificates
+
+This is a bundle of X.509 certificates of public Certificate Authorities
+(CA). These were automatically extracted from Mozilla's root certificates
+file (certdata.txt).  This file can be found in the mozilla source tree:
+https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+It contains the certificates in PEM format and therefore
+can be directly used with curl / libcurl / php_curl, or with
+an Apache+mod_ssl webserver for SSL client authentication.
+Just configure this file as the SSLCACertificateFile.#
+
+***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
+v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+@(#) $RCSfile: certdata.txt,v $ $Revision: 1.80 $ $Date: 2011/11/03 15:11:58 $
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..963eac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi-2026.6.17.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+certifi
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed9a74b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2026.06.17"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8945b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f00d1a
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8803bcd
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91cb483
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c2dbfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,3863 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:62:ff:74:9d:31:53:5e:68:4a:d5:78:aa:1e:bf:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:74:4e:9f:2b:4d:ba:ec:0f:31:2c:50:b6:56:3b:8e:2d:93:c3:11
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:93:92:7a:06:14:54:97:89:ad:ce:2f:8f:34:f7:f0:b6:6d:0f:3a:e3:a3:b8:4d:21:ec:15:db:ba:4f:ad:c7
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 06:08:3f:59:3f:15:a1:04:a0:69:a4:6b:a9:03:d0:06:b7:97:09:91
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6c:61:da:c3:a2:de:f0:31:50:6b:e0:36:d2:a6:fe:40:19:94:fb:d1:3d:f9:c8:d4:66:59:92:74:c4:46:ec:98
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEFTCCAv2gAwIBAgIGSUEs5AAQMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIGnMQswCQYDVQQG
+EwJIVTERMA8GA1UEBwwIQnVkYXBlc3QxFTATBgNVBAoMDE5ldExvY2sgS2Z0LjE3
+MDUGA1UECwwuVGFuw7pzw610dsOhbnlraWFkw7NrIChDZXJ0aWZpY2F0aW9uIFNl
+cnZpY2VzKTE1MDMGA1UEAwwsTmV0TG9jayBBcmFueSAoQ2xhc3MgR29sZCkgRsWR
+dGFuw7pzw610dsOhbnkwHhcNMDgxMjExMTUwODIxWhcNMjgxMjA2MTUwODIxWjCB
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+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
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+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
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+# Label: "Izenpe.com"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 17:35:74:af:7b:61:1c:eb:f4:f9:3c:e2:ee:40:f9:a2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
+# Serial: 279744
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 69:c1:0d:4f:07:a3:1b:c3:fe:56:3d:04:bc:11:f6:a6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f3:73:b3:87:06:5a:28:84:8a:f2:f3:4a:ce:19:2b:dd:c7:8e:9c:ac
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
+# MD5 Fingerprint: cd:e0:25:69:8d:47:ac:9c:89:35:90:f7:fd:51:3d:2f
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:01:fb:d8:27:a7:17:9a:45:54:38:1a:43:01:3b:03
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b5:61:eb:ea:a4:de:e4:25:4b:69:1a:98:a5:57:47:c2:34:c7:d9:71
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
+# Serial: 6828503384748696800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2b:9b:9e:e4:7b:6c:1f:00:72:1a:cc:c1:77:79:df:6a
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
+# Serial: 6643877497813316402
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ae:b9:c4:32:4b:ac:7f:5d:66:cc:77:94:bb:2a:77:56
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
+# Serial: 390156079458959257446133169266079962026824725800
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
+# Serial: 268090761170461462463995952157327242137089239581
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a1:4b:48:d9:43:ee:0a:0e:40:90:4f:3c:e0:a4:c0:91:93:51:5d:3f
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 7d:05:eb:b6:82:33:9f:8c:94:51:ee:09:4e:eb:fe:fa:79:53:a1:14:ed:b2:f4:49:49:45:2f:ab:7d:2f:c1:85
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f5:17:a2:4f:9a:48:c6:c9:f8:a2:00:26:9f:dc:0f:48:2c:ab:30:89
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 7e:37:cb:8b:4c:47:09:0c:ab:36:55:1b:a6:f4:5d:b8:40:68:0f:ba:16:6a:95:2d:b1:00:71:7f:43:05:3f:c2
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e4:a6:8a:c8:54:ac:52:42:46:0a:fd:72:48:1b:2a:44
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f5:5d:a4:50:a5:fb:28:7e:1e:0f:0d:cc:96:57:56:ca
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 7e:04:de:89:6a:3e:66:6d:00:e6:87:d3:3f:fa:d9:3b:e8:3d:34:9e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 31:ad:66:48:f8:10:41:38:c7:38:f3:9e:a4:32:01:33:39:3e:3a:18:cc:02:29:6e:f9:7c:2a:c9:ef:67:31:d0
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 78:f2:fc:aa:60:1f:2f:b4:eb:c9:37:ba:53:2e:75:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: dd:fb:16:cd:49:31:c9:73:a2:03:7d:3f:c8:3a:4d:7d:77:5d:05:e4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 55:2f:7b:dc:f1:a7:af:9e:6c:e6:72:01:7f:4f:12:ab:f7:72:40:c7:8e:76:1a:c2:03:d1:d9:d2:0a:c8:99:88
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 52:f0:e1:c4:e5:8e:c6:29:29:1b:60:31:7f:07:46:71:b8:5d:7e:a8:0d:5b:07:27:34:63:53:4b:32:b4:02:34
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2b:8f:1b:57:33:0d:bb:a2:d0:7a:6c:51:f7:0e:e9:0d:da:b9:ad:8e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e7:93:c9:b0:2f:d8:aa:13:e2:1c:31:22:8a:cc:b0:81:19:64:3b:74:9c:89:89:64:b1:74:6d:46:c3:d4:cb:d2
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
+# MD5 Fingerprint: fa:68:bc:d9:b5:7f:ad:fd:c9:1d:06:83:28:cc:24:c1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d1:cb:ca:5d:b2:d5:2a:7f:69:3b:67:4d:e5:f0:5a:1d:0c:95:7d:f0
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 4f:f4:60:d5:4b:9c:86:da:bf:bc:fc:57:12:e0:40:0d:2b:ed:3f:bc:4d:4f:bd:aa:86:e0:6a:dc:d2:a9:ad:7a
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9f:ad:3b:1c:02:1e:8a:ba:17:74:38:81:0c:a2:bc:08
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 1f:24:c6:30:cd:a4:18:ef:20:69:ff:ad:4f:dd:5f:46:3a:1b:69:aa
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:9f:bc:14:8a:3d:d0:0f:d2:4e:a1:34:58:cc:43:bf:a7:f5:9c:81:82:d7:83:a5:13:f6:eb:ec:10:0c:89:24
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b3:3e:77:73:75:ee:a0:d3:e3:7e:49:63:49:59:bb:c7
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: df:71:7e:aa:4a:d9:4e:c9:55:84:99:60:2d:48:de:5f:bc:f0:3a:25
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA"
+# Serial: 157768595616588414422159278966750757568
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Subject: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Label: "SZAFIR ROOT CA2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA 2"
+# Serial: 44979900017204383099463764357512596969
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 143266982885963551818349160658925006970653239
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:e5:8d:ce:a8:42:e2:7a:c0:2a:5c:7c:9e:26:bf:66
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5a:8c:ef:45:d7:a6:98:59:76:7a:8c:8b:44:96:b5:78:cf:47:4b:1a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 1b:a5:b2:aa:8c:65:40:1a:82:96:01:18:f8:0b:ec:4f:62:30:4d:83:ce:c4:71:3a:19:c3:9c:01:1e:a4:6d:b4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0d:44:dd:8c:3c:8c:1a:1a:58:75:64:81:e9:0f:2e:2a:ff:b3:d2:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 18:ce:6c:fe:7b:f1:4e:60:b2:e3:47:b8:df:e8:68:cb:31:d0:2e:bb:3a:da:27:15:69:f5:03:43:b4:6d:b3:a4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 89:bc:27:d5:eb:17:8d:06:6a:69:d5:fd:89:47:b4:cd
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f6:10:84:07:d6:f8:bb:67:98:0c:c2:e2:44:c2:eb:ae:1c:ef:63:be
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e3:5d:28:41:9e:d0:20:25:cf:a6:90:38:cd:62:39:62:45:8d:a5:c6:95:fb:de:a3:c2:2b:0b:fb:25:89:70:92
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:66:6a:56:2e:e0:be:5c:e9:25:c1:d8:89:0a:6f:76:a8:7e:c1:6d:4d:7d:5f:29:ea:74:19:cf:20:12:3b:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 34:17:bb:06:cc:60:07:da:1b:96:1c:92:0b:8a:b4:ce:3f:ad:82:0e:4a:a3:0b:9a:cb:c4:a7:4e:bd:ce:bc:65
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 22:a2:c1:f7:bd:ed:70:4c:c1:e7:01:b5:f4:08:c3:10:88:0f:e9:56:b5:de:2a:4a:44:f9:9c:87:3a:25:a7:c8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2c:ab:ea:fe:37:d0:6c:a2:2a:ba:73:91:c0:03:3d:25:98:29:52:c4:53:64:73:49:76:3a:3a:b5:ad:6c:cf:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a9:d6:b9:2d:2f:93:64:f8:a5:69:ca:91:e9:68:07:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e0:11:84:5e:34:de:be:88:81:b9:9c:f6:16:26:d1:96:1f:c3:b9:31
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 80:fe:f0:c4:4a:f0:5c:62:32:9f:1c:ba:78:a9:50:f8
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
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+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 235931866688319308814040
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9c:42:84:57:dd:cb:0b:a7:2e:95:ad:b6:f3:da:bc:ac
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
+# Serial: 287880440101571086945156
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
+# Serial: 825510296613316004955058
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
+# Serial: 582948710642506000014504
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:53:b3:a3:81:ee:d7:10:f8:d3:b0:1d:17:92:f5:d5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b6:af:43:c2:9b:81:53:7d:f6:ef:6b:c3:1f:1f:60:15:0c:ee:48:66
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 46170865288971385588281144162979347873371282084
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 11:fc:9f:bd:73:30:02:8a:fd:3f:f3:58:b9:cb:20:f0
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 58:a2:d0:ec:20:52:81:5b:c1:f3:f8:64:02:24:4e:c2:8e:02:4b:02
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 136839042543790627607696632466672567020
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dd:a1:03:e6:4a:93:10:d1:bf:f0:19:42:cb:fe:ed:67
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 99:9a:64:c3:7f:f4:7d:9f:ab:95:f1:47:69:89:14:60:ee:c4:c3:c5
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 35:8d:f3:9d:76:4a:f9:e1:b7:66:e9:c9:72:df:35:2e:e1:5c:fa:c2:27:af:6a:d1:d7:0e:8e:4a:6e:dc:ba:02
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 10:ff:00:ff:cf:c9:f8:c7:7a:c0:ee:35:8e:c9:0f:47
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 73:a5:e6:4a:3b:ff:83:16:ff:0e:dc:cc:61:8a:90:6e:4e:ae:4d:74
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c7:41:f7:0f:4b:2a:8d:88:bf:2e:71:c1:41:22:ef:53:ef:10:eb:a0:cf:a5:e6:4c:fa:20:f4:18:85:30:73:e0
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
+# MD5 Fingerprint: de:1f:f6:9e:84:ae:a7:b4:21:ce:1e:58:7d:d1:84:98
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:d4:83:03:4f:9e:9a:48:80:5f:72:37:d4:a9:a6:ef:cb:7c:1f:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: be:b0:0b:30:83:9b:9b:c3:2c:32:e4:44:79:05:95:06:41:f2:64:21:b1:5e:d0:89:19:8b:51:8a:e2:ea:1b:99
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:f1:75:8a:c6:19:cf:94:b7:f7:65:20:87:c3:97:c7
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 26:f9:93:b4:ed:3d:28:27:b0:b9:4b:a7:e9:15:1d:a3:8d:92:e5:32
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 65:7c:fe:2f:a7:3f:aa:38:46:25:71:f3:32:a2:36:3a:46:fc:e7:02:09:51:71:07:02:cd:fb:b6:ee:da:33:05
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:7e:41:f6:25:3b:f5:09:b3:17:e8:46:3d:bf:d0:9b
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8f:6b:f2:a9:27:4a:da:14:a0:c4:f4:8e:61:27:f9:c0:1e:78:5d:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
+# Serial: 131542671362353147877283741781055151509
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
+# Serial: 1552617688466950547958867513931858518042577
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c4:14:30:e4:fa:66:43:94:2a:6a:1b:24:5f:19:d0:ef
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b5:b8:66:ed:de:08:83:e3:c9:e2:01:34:06:ac:51:6f
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:a6:44:5a:d9:af:4e:2f:b2:1d:b6:65:b0:4e:e8:96
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5b:6e:68:d0:cc:15:b6:a0:5f:1e:c1:5f:ae:02:fc:6b:2f:5d:6f:74
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f3:3e:78:3c:ac:df:f4:a2:cc:ac:67:55:69:56:d7:e5:16:3c:e1:ed
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6b:32:80:85:62:53:18:aa:50:d1:73:c9:8d:8b:da:09:d5:7e:27:41:3d:11:4c:f7:87:a0:f5:d0:6c:03:0c:f6
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
+# Serial: 40870380103424195783807378461123655149
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Subject: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Label: "TunTrust Root CA"
+# Serial: 108534058042236574382096126452369648152337120275
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 85:13:b9:90:5b:36:5c:b6:5e:b8:5a:f8:e0:31:57:b4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 76817823531813593706434026085292783742
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 65:47:9b:58:86:dd:2c:f0:fc:a2:84:1f:1e:96:c4:91
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 137515985548005187474074462014555733966
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 1977337328857672817
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus ECC Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus Root CA"
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+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
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+# Label: "ISRG Root X2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "HiPKI Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 60966262342023497858655262305426234976
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
+# Serial: 159662223612894884239637590694
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+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 6b:a0:b0:98:e1:71:ef:5a:ad:fe:48:15:80:77:10:f4:bd:6f:0b:28
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 159662320309726417404178440727
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 159662495401136852707857743206
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:e7:9d:58:02:94:46:51:94:e5:e0:22:4a:8b:e7:73
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
+# Serial: 159662532700760215368942768210
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Subject: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Label: "Telia Root CA v2"
+# Serial: 7288924052977061235122729490515358
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 165870826978392376648679885835942448534
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b5:aa:4b:d5:ed:f7:e3:55:2e:8f:72:0a:f3:75:b8:ed
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 126288379621884218666039612629459926992
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:2d:9d:70:9f:48:99:11:06:11:fb:e9:cb:30:c0:6e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 61:db:8c:21:59:69:03:90:d8:7c:9c:12:86:54:cf:9d:3d:f4:dd:07
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5"
+# Serial: 13129116028163249804115411775095713523
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d3:71:04:6a:43:1c:db:a6:59:e1:a8:a3:aa:c5:71:ed
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5"
+# Serial: 11930366277458970227240571539258396554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ac:fe:f7:34:96:a9:f2:b3:b4:12:4b:e4:27:41:6f:e1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root R1"
+# Serial: 188833316161142517227353805653483829216
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 07:70:d4:3e:82:87:a0:fa:33:36:13:f4:fa:33:e7:12
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a0:50:ee:0f:28:71:f4:27:b2:12:6d:6f:50:96:25:ba:cc:86:42:af
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root E1"
+# Serial: 8168531406727139161245376702891150584
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication ECC RootCA1"
+# Serial: 15446673492073852651
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA1"
+# Serial: 113562791157148395269083148143378328608
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA2"
+# Serial: 58605626836079930195615843123109055211
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46"
+# Serial: 156256931880233212765902055439220583700
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 148535279242832292258835760425842727825
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:4e:c6:59:30:d8:fe:a0:d6:7a:5a:2c:2c:69:78:da
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 26605119622390491762507526719404364228
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 99:d7:5c:f1:51:36:cc:e9:ce:d9:19:2e:77:71:56:c5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:5f:d9:1a:54:6d:f5:0c:71:f0:ee:7a:bd:17:49:98:84:73:e2:39
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 81873346711060652204712539181482831616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:9f:ad:f1:70:ad:79:d6:ed:29:b4:d1:c5:79:70:a8
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9e:bc:75:10:42:b3:02:f3:81:f4:f7:30:62:d4:8f:c3:a7:51:b2:dd
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 111436099570196163832749341232207667876
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G3 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G3"
+# Serial: 576386314500428537169965010905813481816650257167
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia Global Root CA G4 O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia Global Root CA G4"
+# Serial: 451799571007117016466790293371524403291602933463
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020"
+# Serial: 72082518505882327255703894282316633856
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Subject: CN=Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023 O=Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH
+# Label: "Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023"
+# Serial: 44676229530606711399881795178081572759
+# MD5 Fingerprint: bf:5b:eb:54:40:cd:48:71:c4:20:8d:7d:de:0a:42:f2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA CYBER Root CA"
+# Serial: 85076849864375384482682434040119489222
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 0b:33:a0:97:52:95:d4:a9:fd:bb:db:6e:a3:55:5b:51
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign Root CA14 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign Root CA14 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "SecureSign Root CA14"
+# Serial: 575790784512929437950770173562378038616896959179
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign Root CA15 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign Root CA15 O=Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "SecureSign Root CA15"
+# Serial: 126083514594751269499665114766174399806381178503
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 13:30:fc:c4:62:a6:a9:de:b5:c1:68:af:b5:d2:31:47
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023"
+# Serial: 153168538924886464690566649552453098598
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:09:ed:d3:60:d4:56:1b:47:1f:b7:0c:5f:1b:5f:85
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA"
+# Serial: 310892014698942880364840003424242768478804666567
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 09:48:04:77:d2:fc:65:93:71:66:b1:11:95:4f:06:8c
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b5:ec:39:f3:a1:66:37:ae:c3:05:94:57:e2:be:11:be:b7:a1:7f:36
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c0:07:6b:9e:f0:53:1f:b1:a6:56:d6:7c:4e:be:97:cd:5d:ba:a4:1e:f4:45:98:ac:c2:48:98:78:c9:2d:87:11
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA O=TrustAsia Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA"
+# Serial: 160405846464868906657516898462547310235378010780
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3b:9e:c3:86:0f:34:3c:6b:c5:46:c4:8e:1d:e7:19:12
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a5:46:50:c5:62:ea:95:9a:1a:a7:04:6f:17:58:c7:29:53:3d:03:fa
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 06:c0:8d:7d:af:d8:76:97:1e:b1:12:4f:e6:7f:84:7e:c0:c7:a1:58:d3:ea:53:cb:e9:40:e2:ea:97:91:f4:c3
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023"
+# Serial: 139766439402180512324132425437959641711
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 96:b4:78:09:f0:09:cb:77:eb:bb:1b:4d:6f:36:bc:b6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a5:5b:d8:47:6c:8f:19:f7:4c:f4:6d:6b:b6:c2:79:82:22:df:54:8b
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8e:82:21:b2:e7:d4:00:78:36:a1:67:2f:0d:cc:29:9c:33:bc:07:d3:16:f1:32:fa:1a:20:6d:58:71:50:f1:ce
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1"
+# Serial: 388078645722908516278762308316089881486363258315
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:2e:e4:19:76:81:85:ba:8e:91:58:f1:15:ef:72:39
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 81:34:0a:be:4c:cd:ce:cc:e7:7d:cc:8a:d4:57:e2:45:a0:77:5d:ce
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 19:31:44:f4:31:e0:fd:db:74:07:17:d4:de:92:6a:57:11:33:88:4b:43:60:d3:0e:27:29:13:cb:e6:60:ce:41
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE Server Root ECC G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Subject: CN=OISTE Server Root ECC G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Label: "OISTE Server Root ECC G1"
+# Serial: 47819833811561661340092227008453318557
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 42:a7:d2:35:ae:02:92:db:19:76:08:de:2f:05:b4:d4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 3b:f6:8b:09:ae:2a:92:7b:ba:e3:8d:3f:11:95:d9:e6:44:0c:45:e2
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ee:c9:97:c0:c3:0f:21:6f:7e:3b:8b:30:7d:2b:ae:42:41:2d:75:3f:c8:21:9d:af:d1:52:0b:25:72:85:0f:49
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
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+# Subject: CN=OISTE Server Root RSA G1 O=OISTE Foundation
+# Label: "OISTE Server Root RSA G1"
+# Serial: 113845518112613905024960613408179309848
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+
+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023"
+# Serial: 71934828665710877219916191754
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c9661c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+import atexit
+
+def exit_cacert_ctx() -> None:
+    _CACERT_CTX.__exit__(None, None, None)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+            atexit.register(exit_cacert_ctx)
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21d7a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: click
+Version: 8.4.1
+Summary: Composable command line interface toolkit
+Maintainer-email: Pallets <contact@palletsprojects.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Requires-Dist: colorama; platform_system == 'Windows'
+Project-URL: Changes, https://click.palletsprojects.com/page/changes/
+Project-URL: Chat, https://discord.gg/pallets
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://click.palletsprojects.com/
+Project-URL: Donate, https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pallets/click/
+
+<div align="center"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pallets/click/refs/heads/stable/docs/_static/click-name.svg" alt="" height="150"></div>
+
+# Click
+
+Click is a Python package for creating beautiful command line interfaces
+in a composable way with as little code as necessary. It's the "Command
+Line Interface Creation Kit". It's highly configurable but comes with
+sensible defaults out of the box.
+
+It aims to make the process of writing command line tools quick and fun
+while also preventing any frustration caused by the inability to
+implement an intended CLI API.
+
+Click in three points:
+
+-   Arbitrary nesting of commands
+-   Automatic help page generation
+-   Supports lazy loading of subcommands at runtime
+
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+import click
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of greetings.")
+@click.option("--name", prompt="Your name", help="The person to greet.")
+def hello(count, name):
+    """Simple program that greets NAME for a total of COUNT times."""
+    for _ in range(count):
+        click.echo(f"Hello, {name}!")
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    hello()
+```
+
+```
+$ python hello.py --count=3
+Your name: Click
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+Hello, Click!
+```
+
+
+## Donate
+
+The Pallets organization develops and supports Click and other popular
+packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and
+allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, [please
+donate today][].
+
+[please donate today]: https://palletsprojects.com/donate
+
+## Contributing
+
+See our [detailed contributing documentation][contrib] for many ways to
+contribute, including reporting issues, requesting features, asking or answering
+questions, and making PRs.
+
+[contrib]: https://palletsprojects.com/contributing/
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..235d116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=uWALc7Y-Ixjj35al3B2qNsyXk-0tf578YgIsL1Vbn98,2621
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt,sha256=morRBqOU6FO_4h9C9OctWSgZoigF2ZG18ydQKSkrZY0,1475
+click/__init__.py,sha256=FId2fXCSJB3yeWD-e2uON-mBhFa2Yc9MvXGmHu8OXG0,4634
+click/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_termui_impl.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_textwrap.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/_winconsole.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/decorators.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/formatting.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/globals.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/parser.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/shell_completion.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/termui.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/testing.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/types.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+click/_compat.py,sha256=XK1woqBSPRb1KNAwWwVsSMfEm8ZlfDwBCjceWzSGmEY,18910
+click/_termui_impl.py,sha256=VNyWY27pm0JUq12WK__pJNYxeUoDyfNwYEgE6vz_cnM,30411
+click/_textwrap.py,sha256=7Z0N7Vmn-66TNSTUwp6OXJbcUXRmYET9h9c2ucD8oQQ,6270
+click/_utils.py,sha256=eCZCtwJtsYD5QYkkNWJ8MY_8ABIjy8MczgMMyVY32rQ,996
+click/_winconsole.py,sha256=KSxfNbMlYRa6GOJuCLgsg2Pb3dVkgJNPqLJPae-Pa10,8543
+click/core.py,sha256=CQaJ0ALw4zyyVp6E7gP6a_G88eiuXE9mBzFnIJQ-igY,137917
+click/decorators.py,sha256=xgR8vZAClhWVkzitP22k6jETFRhKralh81zvA69Csd0,18467
+click/exceptions.py,sha256=FJitDd6MSZLj6CtKQWpkQzHnfsUw3UypxDU0t76bn0c,11294
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+click/globals.py,sha256=gM-Nh6A4M0HB_SgkaF5M4ncGGMDHc_flHXu9_oh4GEU,1923
+click/parser.py,sha256=oJ-fU_3mvxugIuNtHaCATZ56lgEmHRggjJiSqEgYrjA,19052
+click/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+click/shell_completion.py,sha256=QxeFb3RapNSP8ZwvK2BDVI2jrEKS1RbJaeuFMrHJAnU,21748
+click/termui.py,sha256=hflZ_tK7P4WUv_ef_RVVRL7n0nRPhTD0wN0pkHE7hDo,33000
+click/testing.py,sha256=0k_v5By_5ZO2McjBT7lTqQ57W8QJuW0_5Sx7d2ZLKec,25717
+click/types.py,sha256=UiVEx0yoQtrWO2wH22NgME4LfDxMNQi8j1qtJupYIpw,42783
+click/utils.py,sha256=YsTNrChEfwDXl39CTC_yWnQ-ZVkZxYjFESRCfEgClY4,20386
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b9936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d12a849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click-8.4.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Copyright 2014 Pallets
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3.  Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64be7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""
+Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make
+writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based
+around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is
+composable.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from .core import Argument as Argument
+from .core import Command as Command
+from .core import CommandCollection as CommandCollection
+from .core import Context as Context
+from .core import Group as Group
+from .core import Option as Option
+from .core import Parameter as Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource as ParameterSource
+from .decorators import argument as argument
+from .decorators import command as command
+from .decorators import confirmation_option as confirmation_option
+from .decorators import group as group
+from .decorators import help_option as help_option
+from .decorators import make_pass_decorator as make_pass_decorator
+from .decorators import option as option
+from .decorators import pass_context as pass_context
+from .decorators import pass_obj as pass_obj
+from .decorators import password_option as password_option
+from .decorators import version_option as version_option
+from .exceptions import Abort as Abort
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage as BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage as BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import BadParameter as BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException as ClickException
+from .exceptions import FileError as FileError
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter as MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoSuchCommand as NoSuchCommand
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption as NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter as HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import wrap_text as wrap_text
+from .globals import get_current_context as get_current_context
+from .termui import clear as clear
+from .termui import confirm as confirm
+from .termui import echo_via_pager as echo_via_pager
+from .termui import edit as edit
+from .termui import get_pager_file as get_pager_file
+from .termui import getchar as getchar
+from .termui import launch as launch
+from .termui import pause as pause
+from .termui import progressbar as progressbar
+from .termui import prompt as prompt
+from .termui import secho as secho
+from .termui import style as style
+from .termui import unstyle as unstyle
+from .types import BOOL as BOOL
+from .types import Choice as Choice
+from .types import DateTime as DateTime
+from .types import File as File
+from .types import FLOAT as FLOAT
+from .types import FloatRange as FloatRange
+from .types import INT as INT
+from .types import IntRange as IntRange
+from .types import ParamType as ParamType
+from .types import Path as Path
+from .types import STRING as STRING
+from .types import Tuple as Tuple
+from .types import UNPROCESSED as UNPROCESSED
+from .types import UUID as UUID
+from .utils import echo as echo
+from .utils import format_filename as format_filename
+from .utils import get_app_dir as get_app_dir
+from .utils import get_binary_stream as get_binary_stream
+from .utils import get_text_stream as get_text_stream
+from .utils import open_file as open_file
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "BaseCommand":
+        from .core import _BaseCommand
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'BaseCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Command' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _BaseCommand
+
+    if name == "MultiCommand":
+        from .core import _MultiCommand
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'MultiCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Group' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _MultiCommand
+
+    if name == "OptionParser":
+        from .parser import _OptionParser
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'OptionParser' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. The"
+            " old parser is available in 'optparse'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _OptionParser
+
+    if name == "__version__":
+        import importlib.metadata
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "The '__version__' attribute is deprecated and will be removed in"
+            " Click 9.1. Use feature detection or"
+            " 'importlib.metadata.version(\"click\")' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return importlib.metadata.version("click")
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
+
+CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith("cygwin")
+WIN = sys.platform.startswith("win")
+MAC = sys.platform == "darwin"
+auto_wrap_for_ansi: t.Callable[[t.TextIO], t.TextIO] | None = None
+_ansi_re = re.compile(r"\033\[[;?0-9]*[a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+def _make_text_stream(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO,
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if encoding is None:
+        encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+    return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        stream,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        line_buffering=True,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def is_ascii_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks if a given encoding is ascii."""
+    try:
+        return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == "ascii"
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+
+
+def get_best_encoding(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> str:
+    """Returns the default stream encoding if not found."""
+    rv = getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or sys.getdefaultencoding()
+    if is_ascii_encoding(rv):
+        return "utf-8"
+    return rv
+
+
+class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        encoding: str | None,
+        errors: str | None,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream = t.cast(
+            t.BinaryIO, _FixupStream(stream, force_readable, force_writable)
+        )
+        super().__init__(stream, encoding, errors, **extra)
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.detach()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803
+        return self._stream.isatty()
+
+
+class _FixupStream:
+    """The new io interface needs more from streams than streams
+    traditionally implement.  As such, this fix-up code is necessary in
+    some circumstances.
+
+    The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools
+    put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version
+    of jupyter notebook).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: t.BinaryIO,
+        force_readable: bool = False,
+        force_writable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._force_readable = force_readable
+        self._force_writable = force_writable
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._stream, name)
+
+    def read1(self, size: int) -> bytes:
+        f = getattr(self._stream, "read1", None)
+
+        if f is not None:
+            return t.cast(bytes, f(size))
+
+        return self._stream.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_readable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "readable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.read(0)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        if self._force_writable:
+            return True
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "writable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.write(b"")
+        except Exception:
+            try:
+                self._stream.write(b"")
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        x = getattr(self._stream, "seekable", None)
+        if x is not None:
+            return t.cast(bool, x())
+        try:
+            self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell())
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+def _is_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes)
+    except Exception:
+        return default
+        # This happens in some cases where the stream was already
+        # closed.  In this case, we assume the default.
+
+
+def _is_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any], default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    try:
+        stream.write(b"")
+    except Exception:
+        try:
+            stream.write("")
+            return False
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return default
+    return True
+
+
+def _find_binary_reader(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.BinaryIO | None:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_reader(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _find_binary_writer(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> t.BinaryIO | None:
+    # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary.
+    # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching
+    # the streams to get binary streams.  Some code might do this, so
+    # we need to deal with this case explicitly.
+    if _is_binary_writer(stream, False):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, stream)
+
+    buf = getattr(stream, "buffer", None)
+
+    # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is
+    # actually binary in case it's closed.
+    if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True):
+        return t.cast(t.BinaryIO, buf)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    """A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII."""
+    # If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set
+    # to ASCII.  This appears to happen in certain unittest
+    # environments.  It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is
+    # but this at least will force Click to recover somehow.
+    return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, "encoding", None) or "ascii")
+
+
+def _is_compat_stream_attr(stream: t.TextIO, attr: str, value: str | None) -> bool:
+    """A stream attribute is compatible if it is equal to the
+    desired value or the desired value is unset and the attribute
+    has a value.
+    """
+    stream_value = getattr(stream, attr, None)
+    return stream_value == value or (value is None and stream_value is not None)
+
+
+def _is_compatible_text_stream(
+    stream: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if a stream's encoding and errors attributes are
+    compatible with the desired values.
+    """
+    return _is_compat_stream_attr(
+        stream, "encoding", encoding
+    ) and _is_compat_stream_attr(stream, "errors", errors)
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_stream(
+    text_stream: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    is_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any], bool], bool],
+    find_binary: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any]], t.BinaryIO | None],
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    if is_binary(text_stream, False):
+        binary_reader = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, text_stream)
+    else:
+        text_stream = t.cast(t.TextIO, text_stream)
+        # If the stream looks compatible, and won't default to a
+        # misconfigured ascii encoding, return it as-is.
+        if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_stream, encoding, errors) and not (
+            encoding is None and _stream_is_misconfigured(text_stream)
+        ):
+            return text_stream
+
+        # Otherwise, get the underlying binary reader.
+        possible_binary_reader = find_binary(text_stream)
+
+        # If that's not possible, silently use the original reader
+        # and get mojibake instead of exceptions.
+        if possible_binary_reader is None:
+            return text_stream
+
+        binary_reader = possible_binary_reader
+
+    # Default errors to replace instead of strict in order to get
+    # something that works.
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = "replace"
+
+    # Wrap the binary stream in a text stream with the correct
+    # encoding parameters.
+    return _make_text_stream(
+        binary_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_reader(
+    text_reader: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_readable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_reader,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_reader,
+        _find_binary_reader,
+        force_readable=force_readable,
+    )
+
+
+def _force_correct_text_writer(
+    text_writer: t.IO[t.Any],
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+    force_writable: bool = False,
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    return _force_correct_text_stream(
+        text_writer,
+        encoding,
+        errors,
+        _is_binary_writer,
+        _find_binary_writer,
+        force_writable=force_writable,
+    )
+
+
+def get_binary_stdin() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin)
+    if reader is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdin.")
+    return reader
+
+
+def get_binary_stdout() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stdout.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_binary_stderr() -> t.BinaryIO:
+    writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr)
+    if writer is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Was not able to determine binary stream for sys.stderr.")
+    return writer
+
+
+def get_text_stdin(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, force_readable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stdout(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def get_text_stderr(encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+    rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors)
+    if rv is not None:
+        return rv
+    return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, force_writable=True)
+
+
+def _wrap_io_open(
+    file: str | os.PathLike[str] | int,
+    mode: str,
+    encoding: str | None,
+    errors: str | None,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Handles not passing ``encoding`` and ``errors`` in binary mode."""
+    if "b" in mode:
+        return open(file, mode)
+
+    return open(file, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+
+
+def open_stream(
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> tuple[t.IO[t.Any], bool]:
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    # Standard streams first. These are simple because they ignore the
+    # atomic flag. Use fsdecode to handle Path("-").
+    if os.fsdecode(filename) == "-":
+        if any(m in mode for m in ["w", "a", "x"]):
+            if binary:
+                return get_binary_stdout(), False
+            return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+        if binary:
+            return get_binary_stdin(), False
+        return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False
+
+    # Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions.
+    if not atomic:
+        return _wrap_io_open(filename, mode, encoding, errors), True
+
+    # Some usability stuff for atomic writes
+    if "a" in mode:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that"
+            " would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary"
+            " file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly"
+            " if that's what you're after."
+        )
+    if "x" in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.")
+    if "w" not in mode:
+        raise ValueError("Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.")
+
+    # Atomic writes are more complicated.  They work by opening a file
+    # as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen
+    # functionality to wrap it in a Python file.  Then we wrap it in an
+    # atomic file that moves the file over on close.
+    import errno
+    import random
+
+    try:
+        perm: int | None = os.stat(filename).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        perm = None
+
+    flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    if binary:
+        flags |= getattr(os, "O_BINARY", 0)
+
+    while True:
+        tmp_filename = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(filename),
+            f".__atomic-write{random.randrange(1 << 32):08x}",
+        )
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(tmp_filename, flags, 0o666 if perm is None else perm)
+            break
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno == errno.EEXIST or (
+                os.name == "nt"
+                and e.errno == errno.EACCES
+                and os.path.isdir(e.filename)
+                and os.access(e.filename, os.W_OK)
+            ):
+                continue
+            raise
+
+    if perm is not None:
+        os.chmod(tmp_filename, perm)  # in case perm includes bits in umask
+
+    f = _wrap_io_open(fd, mode, encoding, errors)
+    af = _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename))
+    return t.cast(t.IO[t.Any], af), True
+
+
+class _AtomicFile:
+    def __init__(self, f: t.IO[t.Any], tmp_filename: str, real_filename: str) -> None:
+        self._f = f
+        self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename
+        self._real_filename = real_filename
+        self.closed = False
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._real_filename
+
+    def close(self, delete: bool = False) -> None:
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self._f.close()
+        os.replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename)
+        self.closed = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._f, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _AtomicFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close(delete=exc_type is not None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._f)
+
+
+def strip_ansi(value: str) -> str:
+    return _ansi_re.sub("", value)
+
+
+def _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    while isinstance(stream, (_FixupStream, _NonClosingTextIOWrapper)):
+        stream = stream._stream
+
+    return stream.__class__.__module__.startswith("ipykernel.")
+
+
+def should_strip_ansi(
+    stream: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None, color: bool | None = None
+) -> bool:
+    if color is None:
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = sys.stdin
+        elif hasattr(stream, "color"):
+            # ._termui_impl.MaybeStripAnsi handles stripping ansi itself,
+            # so we don't need to strip it here
+            return False
+        return not isatty(stream) and not _is_jupyter_kernel_output(stream)
+    return not color
+
+
+# On Windows, wrap the output streams with colorama to support ANSI
+# color codes.
+# NOTE: double check is needed so mypy does not analyze this on Linux
+if sys.platform.startswith("win") and WIN:
+    from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        import locale
+
+        return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+    _ansi_stream_wrappers: cabc.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream: t.TextIO, color: bool | None = None) -> t.TextIO:
+        """Support ANSI color and style codes on Windows by wrapping a
+        stream with colorama.
+        """
+        try:
+            cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            cached = None
+
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+
+        import colorama
+
+        strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color)
+        ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip)
+        rv = t.cast(t.TextIO, ansi_wrapper.stream)
+        _write = rv.write
+
+        def _safe_write(s: str) -> int:
+            try:
+                return _write(s)
+            except BaseException:
+                ansi_wrapper.reset_all()
+                raise
+
+        rv.write = _safe_write  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+        try:
+            _ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        return rv
+
+else:
+
+    def _get_argv_encoding() -> str:
+        return getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", None) or sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+
+    def _get_windows_console_stream(
+        f: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+    ) -> t.TextIO | None:
+        return None
+
+
+def term_len(x: str) -> int:
+    return len(strip_ansi(x))
+
+
+def isatty(stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return stream.isatty()
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def _make_cached_stream_func(
+    src_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO | None],
+    wrapper_func: t.Callable[[], t.TextIO],
+) -> t.Callable[[], t.TextIO | None]:
+    cache: cabc.MutableMapping[t.TextIO, t.TextIO] = WeakKeyDictionary()
+
+    def func() -> t.TextIO | None:
+        stream = src_func()
+
+        if stream is None:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            rv = cache.get(stream)
+        except Exception:
+            rv = None
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+        rv = wrapper_func()
+        try:
+            cache[stream] = rv
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return rv
+
+    return func
+
+
+_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin)
+_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout)
+_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func(lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr)
+
+
+binary_streams: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[], t.BinaryIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_binary_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_binary_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_binary_stderr,
+}
+
+text_streams: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Callable[[str | None, str | None], t.TextIO]] = {
+    "stdin": get_text_stdin,
+    "stdout": get_text_stdout,
+    "stderr": get_text_stderr,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76113e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_termui_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,929 @@
+"""
+This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the
+import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is
+placed in this module and only imported as needed.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import contextlib
+import io
+import math
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from io import StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import CYGWIN
+from ._compat import get_best_encoding
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import term_len
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .utils import echo
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+class _BufferedTextPagerStream(t.Protocol):
+    buffer: t.BinaryIO
+
+
+def _has_binary_buffer(
+    stream: t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO,
+) -> t.TypeGuard[_BufferedTextPagerStream]:
+    # TextIO is wider than TextIOWrapper; text-only streams such as StringIO
+    # are valid TextIO values but do not expose a binary buffer to wrap.
+    return getattr(stream, "buffer", None) is not None
+
+
+if os.name == "nt":
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\n"
+else:
+    BEFORE_BAR = "\r\033[?25l"
+    AFTER_BAR = "\033[?25h\n"
+
+
+class ProgressBar(t.Generic[V]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None,
+        length: int | None = None,
+        fill_char: str = "#",
+        empty_char: str = " ",
+        bar_template: str = "%(bar)s",
+        info_sep: str = "  ",
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_eta: bool = True,
+        show_percent: bool | None = None,
+        show_pos: bool = False,
+        item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+        label: str | None = None,
+        file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+        color: bool | None = None,
+        update_min_steps: int = 1,
+        width: int = 30,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.fill_char = fill_char
+        self.empty_char = empty_char
+        self.bar_template = bar_template
+        self.info_sep = info_sep
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.show_eta = show_eta
+        self.show_percent = show_percent
+        self.show_pos = show_pos
+        self.item_show_func = item_show_func
+        self.label: str = label or ""
+
+        if file is None:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+            # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+            # pythonw on Windows.
+            if file is None:
+                file = StringIO()
+
+        self.file = file
+        self.color = color
+        self.update_min_steps = update_min_steps
+        self._completed_intervals = 0
+        self.width: int = width
+        self.autowidth: bool = width == 0
+
+        if length is None:
+            from operator import length_hint
+
+            length = length_hint(iterable, -1)
+
+            if length == -1:
+                length = None
+        if iterable is None:
+            if length is None:
+                raise TypeError("iterable or length is required")
+            iterable = t.cast("cabc.Iterable[V]", range(length))
+        self.iter: cabc.Iterable[V] = iter(iterable)
+        self.length = length
+        self.pos: int = 0
+        self.avg: list[float] = []
+        self.last_eta: float
+        self.start: float
+        self.start = self.last_eta = time.time()
+        self.eta_known: bool = False
+        self.finished: bool = False
+        self.max_width: int | None = None
+        self.entered: bool = False
+        self.current_item: V | None = None
+        self._is_atty = isatty(self.file)
+        self._last_line: str | None = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ProgressBar[V]:
+        self.entered = True
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.render_finish()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+        self.render_progress()
+        return self.generator()
+
+    def __next__(self) -> V:
+        # Iteration is defined in terms of a generator function,
+        # returned by iter(self); use that to define next(). This works
+        # because `self.iter` is an iterable consumed by that generator,
+        # so it is re-entry safe. Calling `next(self.generator())`
+        # twice works and does "what you want".
+        return next(iter(self))
+
+    def render_finish(self) -> None:
+        if self.hidden or not self._is_atty:
+            return
+        self.file.write(AFTER_BAR)
+        self.file.flush()
+
+    @property
+    def pct(self) -> float:
+        if self.finished:
+            return 1.0
+        return min(self.pos / (float(self.length or 1) or 1), 1.0)
+
+    @property
+    def time_per_iteration(self) -> float:
+        if not self.avg:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg))
+
+    @property
+    def eta(self) -> float:
+        if self.length is not None and not self.finished:
+            return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos)
+        return 0.0
+
+    def format_eta(self) -> str:
+        if self.eta_known:
+            t = int(self.eta)
+            seconds = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            minutes = t % 60
+            t //= 60
+            hours = t % 24
+            t //= 24
+            if t > 0:
+                return "{d}{day_label} {h:02}:{m:02}:{s:02}".format(
+                    d=t,
+                    day_label=_("d"),
+                    h=hours,
+                    m=minutes,
+                    s=seconds,
+                )
+            else:
+                return f"{hours:02}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
+        return ""
+
+    def format_pos(self) -> str:
+        pos = str(self.pos)
+        if self.length is not None:
+            pos += f"/{self.length}"
+        return pos
+
+    def format_pct(self) -> str:
+        return f"{int(self.pct * 100): 4}%"[1:]
+
+    def format_bar(self) -> str:
+        if self.length is not None:
+            bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width)
+            bar = self.fill_char * bar_length
+            bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length)
+        elif self.finished:
+            bar = self.fill_char * self.width
+        else:
+            chars = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1))
+            if self.time_per_iteration != 0:
+                chars[
+                    int(
+                        (math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) / 2.0 + 0.5)
+                        * self.width
+                    )
+                ] = self.fill_char
+            bar = "".join(chars)
+        return bar
+
+    def format_progress_line(self) -> str:
+        show_percent = self.show_percent
+
+        info_bits = []
+        if self.length is not None and show_percent is None:
+            show_percent = not self.show_pos
+
+        if self.show_pos:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pos())
+        if show_percent:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_pct())
+        if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished:
+            info_bits.append(self.format_eta())
+        if self.item_show_func is not None:
+            item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item)
+            if item_info is not None:
+                info_bits.append(item_info)
+
+        return (
+            self.bar_template
+            % {
+                "label": self.label,
+                "bar": self.format_bar(),
+                "info": self.info_sep.join(info_bits),
+            }
+        ).rstrip()
+
+    def render_progress(self) -> None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return
+
+        if not self._is_atty:
+            # Only output the label once if the output is not a TTY.
+            if self._last_line != self.label:
+                self._last_line = self.label
+                echo(self.label, file=self.file, color=self.color)
+            return
+
+        buf = []
+        # Update width in case the terminal has been resized
+        if self.autowidth:
+            import shutil
+
+            old_width = self.width
+            self.width = 0
+            clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line())
+            new_width = max(0, shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - clutter_length)
+            if new_width < old_width and self.max_width is not None:
+                buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+                buf.append(" " * self.max_width)
+                self.max_width = new_width
+            self.width = new_width
+
+        clear_width = self.width
+        if self.max_width is not None:
+            clear_width = self.max_width
+
+        buf.append(BEFORE_BAR)
+        line = self.format_progress_line()
+        line_len = term_len(line)
+        if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len:
+            self.max_width = line_len
+
+        buf.append(line)
+        buf.append(" " * (clear_width - line_len))
+        line = "".join(buf)
+        # Render the line only if it changed.
+
+        if line != self._last_line:
+            self._last_line = line
+            echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False)
+            self.file.flush()
+
+    def make_step(self, n_steps: int) -> None:
+        self.pos += n_steps
+        if self.length is not None and self.pos >= self.length:
+            self.finished = True
+
+        if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0:
+            return
+
+        self.last_eta = time.time()
+
+        # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are
+        # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through
+        # self.length.
+        if self.pos:
+            step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos
+        else:
+            step = time.time() - self.start
+
+        self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step]
+
+        self.eta_known = self.length is not None
+
+    def update(self, n_steps: int, current_item: V | None = None) -> None:
+        """Update the progress bar by advancing a specified number of
+        steps, and optionally set the ``current_item`` for this new
+        position.
+
+        :param n_steps: Number of steps to advance.
+        :param current_item: Optional item to set as ``current_item``
+            for the updated position.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``current_item`` optional parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Only render when the number of steps meets the
+            ``update_min_steps`` threshold.
+        """
+        if current_item is not None:
+            self.current_item = current_item
+
+        self._completed_intervals += n_steps
+
+        if self._completed_intervals >= self.update_min_steps:
+            self.make_step(self._completed_intervals)
+            self.render_progress()
+            self._completed_intervals = 0
+
+    def finish(self) -> None:
+        self.eta_known = False
+        self.current_item = None
+        self.finished = True
+
+    def generator(self) -> cabc.Iterator[V]:
+        """Return a generator which yields the items added to the bar
+        during construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the
+        yielded block returns.
+        """
+        # WARNING: the iterator interface for `ProgressBar` relies on
+        # this and only works because this is a simple generator which
+        # doesn't create or manage additional state. If this function
+        # changes, the impact should be evaluated both against
+        # `iter(bar)` and `next(bar)`. `next()` in particular may call
+        # `self.generator()` repeatedly, and this must remain safe in
+        # order for that interface to work.
+        if not self.entered:
+            raise RuntimeError("You need to use progress bars in a with block.")
+
+        if not self._is_atty:
+            yield from self.iter
+        else:
+            for rv in self.iter:
+                self.current_item = rv
+
+                # This allows show_item_func to be updated before the
+                # item is processed. Only trigger at the beginning of
+                # the update interval.
+                if self._completed_intervals == 0:
+                    self.render_progress()
+
+                yield rv
+                self.update(1)
+
+            self.finish()
+            self.render_progress()
+
+
+class MaybeStripAnsi(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[bytes], *, color: bool, **kwargs: t.Any):
+        super().__init__(stream, **kwargs)
+        self.color = color
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        if not self.color:
+            text = strip_ansi(text)
+        return super().write(text)
+
+
+def _pager_contextmanager(
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> t.ContextManager[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""
+    stdout = _default_text_stdout()
+
+    # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+    # pythonw on Windows.
+    if stdout is None:
+        stdout = StringIO()
+
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, color)
+
+    # Split using POSIX mode (the default) so that quote characters are
+    # stripped from tokens and quoted Windows paths are preserved.
+    # Non-POSIX mode retains quotes in tokens, and wrapping tokens
+    # with shlex.quote re-introduces quoting issues on Windows.
+    pager_cmd_parts = shlex.split(os.environ.get("PAGER", ""))
+    if pager_cmd_parts:
+        if WIN:
+            return _tempfilepager(pager_cmd_parts, color)
+        return _pipepager(pager_cmd_parts, color)
+
+    if os.environ.get("TERM") in ("dumb", "emacs"):
+        return _nullpager(stdout, color)
+    if WIN or sys.platform.startswith("os2"):
+        return _tempfilepager(["more"], color)
+    return _pipepager(["less"], color)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def get_pager_file(color: bool | None = None) -> t.Generator[t.TextIO, None, None]:
+    """Context manager.
+    Yields a writable file-like object which can be used as an output pager.
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    with _pager_contextmanager(color=color) as (stream, encoding, color):
+        # Split streams by capabilities rather than the abstract TextIO /
+        # BinaryIO annotations: buffered text streams can be unwrapped to bytes,
+        # while text-only streams are yielded as-is.
+        if _has_binary_buffer(stream):
+            # Text stream backed by a binary buffer.
+            stream = MaybeStripAnsi(stream.buffer, color=color, encoding=encoding)
+        elif isinstance(stream, t.BinaryIO):
+            # Binary stream
+            stream = MaybeStripAnsi(stream, color=color, encoding=encoding)
+        try:
+            yield stream
+        finally:
+            stream.flush()
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pipepager(
+    cmd_parts: list[str], color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Page through text by feeding it to another program.
+
+    Invokes the pager via :class:`subprocess.Popen` with an ``argv`` list
+    produced by :func:`shlex.split`. The command is resolved to an absolute
+    path with :func:`shutil.which` as recommended by the
+    :mod:`subprocess` docs for Windows compatibility.
+
+    Invoking a pager through this might support colors: if piping to
+    ``less`` and the user hasn't decided on colors, ``LESS=-R`` is set
+    automatically.
+    """
+    # Split the command into the invoked CLI and its parameters.
+    if not cmd_parts:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    import shutil
+
+    cmd = cmd_parts[0]
+    cmd_params = cmd_parts[1:]
+
+    cmd_filepath = shutil.which(cmd)
+    if not cmd_filepath:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    # Produces a normalized absolute path string.
+    # multi-call binaries such as busybox derive their identity from the symlink
+    # less -> busybox. resolve() causes them to misbehave. (eg. less becomes busybox)
+    cmd_path = Path(cmd_filepath).absolute()
+    cmd_name = cmd_path.name
+
+    import subprocess
+
+    # Make a local copy of the environment to not affect the global one.
+    env = dict(os.environ)
+
+    # If we're piping to less and the user hasn't decided on colors, we enable
+    # them by default we find the -R flag in the command line arguments.
+    if color is None and cmd_name == "less":
+        less_flags = f"{os.environ.get('LESS', '')}{' '.join(cmd_params)}"
+        if not less_flags:
+            env["LESS"] = "-R"
+            color = True
+        elif "r" in less_flags or "R" in less_flags:
+            color = True
+
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+
+    c = subprocess.Popen(
+        [str(cmd_path)] + cmd_params,
+        shell=False,
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        env=env,
+        errors="replace",
+        text=True,
+    )
+    stdin = t.cast(t.BinaryIO, c.stdin)
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(stdin)
+    try:
+        yield stdin, encoding, color
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # In case the pager exited unexpectedly, ignore the broken pipe error.
+        pass
+    except Exception as e:
+        # In case there is an exception we want to close the pager immediately
+        # and let the caller handle it.
+        # Otherwise the pager will keep running, and the user may not notice
+        # the error message, or worse yet it may leave the terminal in a broken state.
+        c.terminate()
+        raise e
+    finally:
+        # We must close stdin and wait for the pager to exit before we continue
+        try:
+            stdin.close()
+        # Close implies flush, so it might throw a BrokenPipeError if the pager
+        # process exited already.
+        except BrokenPipeError:
+            pass
+
+        # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting
+        # search or other commands inside less).
+        #
+        # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates,
+        # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal.
+        #
+        # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set
+        # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make.
+        while True:
+            try:
+                c.wait()
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                pass
+            else:
+                break
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _tempfilepager(
+    cmd_parts: list[str], color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.BinaryIO | t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file.
+
+    Used as the primary pager strategy on Windows (where piping to
+    ``more`` adds spurious ``\\r\\n``), and as a fallback on other
+    platforms. The command is resolved to an absolute path with
+    :func:`shutil.which`.
+    """
+    # Split the command into the invoked CLI and its parameters.
+    if not cmd_parts:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    import shutil
+    import subprocess
+
+    cmd = cmd_parts[0]
+
+    cmd_filepath = shutil.which(cmd)
+    if not cmd_filepath:
+        stdout = _default_text_stdout() or StringIO()
+        yield stdout, "utf-8", False
+        return
+
+    # Produces a normalized absolute path string.
+    # multi-call binaries such as busybox derive their identity from the symlink
+    # less -> busybox. resolve() causes them to misbehave. (eg. less becomes busybox)
+    cmd_path = Path(cmd_filepath).absolute()
+
+    import tempfile
+
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout)
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+    # On Windows, NamedTemporaryFile cannot be opened by another process
+    # while Python still has it open, so we use delete=False and clean up manually
+    # rather than using a contextmanager here.
+    f = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="wb", delete=False)
+    try:
+        yield t.cast(t.BinaryIO, f), encoding, color
+        f.flush()
+        f.close()
+        subprocess.call([str(cmd_path), f.name])
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(f.name)
+
+
+class _SkipClose:
+    def __init__(self, stream: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.stream, name)
+
+    @property
+    def buffer(self) -> t.BinaryIO:
+        return _SkipClose(self.stream.buffer)  # type: ignore[attr-defined, return-value]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _nullpager(
+    stream: t.TextIO, color: bool | None = None
+) -> t.Iterator[tuple[t.TextIO, str, bool]]:
+    """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback. Don't close the
+    output stream in this case, since it's coming from elsewhere rather than our
+    internal helpers.
+    """
+    encoding = get_best_encoding(stream)
+
+    if color is None:
+        color = False
+
+    yield _SkipClose(stream), encoding, color  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+class Editor:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        editor: str | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        require_save: bool = True,
+        extension: str = ".txt",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.editor = editor
+        self.env = env
+        self.require_save = require_save
+        self.extension = extension
+
+    def get_editor(self) -> str:
+        if self.editor is not None:
+            return self.editor
+        for key in "VISUAL", "EDITOR":
+            rv = os.environ.get(key)
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        if WIN:
+            return "notepad"
+
+        from shutil import which
+
+        for editor in "sensible-editor", "vim", "nano":
+            if which(editor) is not None:
+                return editor
+        return "vi"
+
+    def edit_files(self, filenames: cabc.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        """Open files in the user's editor."""
+        import shlex
+        import subprocess
+
+        editor = self.get_editor()
+        environ: dict[str, str] | None = None
+
+        if self.env:
+            environ = os.environ.copy()
+            environ.update(self.env)
+
+        try:
+            # Split in POSIX mode (the default) for the same reasons as
+            # in pager(): strips quotes from tokens and preserves quoted
+            # Windows paths.
+            c = subprocess.Popen(
+                args=shlex.split(editor) + list(filenames),
+                env=environ,
+            )
+            exit_code = c.wait()
+            if exit_code != 0:
+                raise ClickException(
+                    _("{editor}: Editing failed").format(editor=editor)
+                )
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise ClickException(
+                _("{editor}: Editing failed: {e}").format(editor=editor, e=e)
+            ) from e
+
+    @t.overload
+    def edit(self, text: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes | None: ...
+
+    # We cannot know whether or not the type expected is str or bytes when None
+    # is passed, so str is returned as that was what was done before.
+    @t.overload
+    def edit(self, text: str | None) -> str | None: ...
+
+    def edit(self, text: str | bytes | bytearray | None) -> str | bytes | None:
+        import tempfile
+
+        if text is None:
+            data: bytes | bytearray = b""
+        elif isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            data = text
+        else:
+            if text and not text.endswith("\n"):
+                text += "\n"
+
+            if WIN:
+                data = text.replace("\n", "\r\n").encode("utf-8-sig")
+            else:
+                data = text.encode("utf-8")
+
+        fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="editor-", suffix=self.extension)
+        f: t.BinaryIO
+
+        try:
+            with os.fdopen(fd, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            # If the filesystem resolution is 1 second, like Mac OS
+            # 10.12 Extended, or 2 seconds, like FAT32, and the editor
+            # closes very fast, require_save can fail. Set the modified
+            # time to be 2 seconds in the past to work around this.
+            os.utime(name, (os.path.getatime(name), os.path.getmtime(name) - 2))
+            # Depending on the resolution, the exact value might not be
+            # recorded, so get the new recorded value.
+            timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name)
+
+            self.edit_files((name,))
+
+            if self.require_save and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp:
+                return None
+
+            with open(name, "rb") as f:
+                rv = f.read()
+
+            if isinstance(text, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                return rv
+
+            return rv.decode("utf-8-sig").replace("\r\n", "\n")
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(name)
+
+
+def open_url(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    import subprocess
+
+    def _unquote_file(url: str) -> str:
+        from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+        if url.startswith("file://"):
+            url = unquote(url[7:])
+
+        return url
+
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        args = ["open"]
+        if wait:
+            args.append("-W")
+        if locate:
+            args.append("-R")
+        args.append(_unquote_file(url))
+        null = open("/dev/null", "w")
+        try:
+            return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait()
+        finally:
+            null.close()
+    elif WIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["explorer", "/select,", url]
+            try:
+                return subprocess.call(args)
+            except OSError:
+                return 127
+        else:
+            try:
+                os.startfile(url)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            except OSError:
+                return 127
+            return 0
+    elif CYGWIN:
+        if locate:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+            args = ["cygstart", os.path.dirname(url)]
+        else:
+            args = ["cygstart"]
+            if wait:
+                args.append("-w")
+            args.append(url)
+        try:
+            return subprocess.call(args)
+        except OSError:
+            # Command not found
+            return 127
+
+    try:
+        if locate:
+            url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or "."
+        else:
+            url = _unquote_file(url)
+        c = subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", url])
+        if wait:
+            return c.wait()
+        return 0
+    except OSError:
+        if url.startswith(("http://", "https://")) and not locate and not wait:
+            import webbrowser
+
+            webbrowser.open(url)
+            return 0
+        return 1
+
+
+def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch: str) -> None:
+    if ch == "\x03":
+        raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+
+    if ch == "\x04" and not WIN:  # Unix-like, Ctrl+D
+        raise EOFError()
+
+    if ch == "\x1a" and WIN:  # Windows, Ctrl+Z
+        raise EOFError()
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    import msvcrt
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> cabc.Iterator[int]:
+        yield -1
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to
+        # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also
+        # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key.
+        #
+        # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it
+        # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want.
+        #
+        # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate
+        # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get
+        # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is
+        # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French
+        # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0.
+        # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The
+        # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H".
+        # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types
+        # "a with grave" and then "capital H".
+        #
+        # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence
+        # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types
+        # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second
+        # character is typed.
+        # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up
+        # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with
+        # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably
+        # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are
+        # limited to the current 8-bit codepage.
+        #
+        # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch`
+        # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`.
+
+        if echo:
+            func = t.cast(t.Callable[[], str], msvcrt.getwche)
+        else:
+            func = t.cast(t.Callable[[], str], msvcrt.getwch)
+
+        rv = func()
+
+        if rv in ("\x00", "\xe0"):
+            # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key,
+            # see above.
+            rv += func()
+
+        _translate_ch_to_exc(rv)
+        return rv
+
+else:
+    import termios
+    import tty
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def raw_terminal() -> cabc.Iterator[int]:
+        f: t.TextIO | None
+        fd: int
+
+        if not isatty(sys.stdin):
+            f = open("/dev/tty")
+            fd = f.fileno()
+        else:
+            fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+            f = None
+
+        try:
+            old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+
+            try:
+                tty.setraw(fd)
+                yield fd
+            finally:
+                termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+
+                if f is not None:
+                    f.close()
+        except termios.error:
+            pass
+
+    def getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+        with raw_terminal() as fd:
+            ch = os.read(fd, 32).decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), "replace")
+
+            if echo and isatty(sys.stdout):
+                sys.stdout.write(ch)
+
+            _translate_ch_to_exc(ch)
+            return ch
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82840f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_textwrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._compat import _ansi_re
+from ._compat import term_len
+
+
+def _truncate_visible(text: str, n: int) -> str:
+    """Return the longest prefix of ``text`` containing at most ``n`` visible
+    characters.
+
+    ANSI escape sequences inside the prefix are kept intact and do not count
+    toward the visible width. A cut is never placed inside an escape sequence.
+    """
+    if n <= 0:
+        return ""
+
+    visible = 0
+    i = 0
+    cut = 0
+    end = len(text)
+    while i < end:
+        m = _ansi_re.match(text, i)
+        if m is not None:
+            i = m.end()
+            continue
+        visible += 1
+        i += 1
+        cut = i
+        if visible >= n:
+            break
+    return text[:cut]
+
+
+class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):
+    """``textwrap.TextWrapper`` variant that measures widths by visible
+    character count.
+
+    ANSI escape sequences embedded in chunks, indents, or the placeholder are
+    excluded from the width budget. Without this, styled help text (a styled
+    ``Usage:`` prefix, a colorized option name, ...) would be wrapped earlier
+    than its visible length warrants and tokens would split mid-word.
+    """
+
+    def _handle_long_word(
+        self,
+        reversed_chunks: list[str],
+        cur_line: list[str],
+        cur_len: int,
+        width: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
+
+        if self.break_long_words:
+            last = reversed_chunks[-1]
+            cut = _truncate_visible(last, space_left)
+            res = last[len(cut) :]
+            cur_line.append(cut)
+            reversed_chunks[-1] = res
+        elif not cur_line:
+            cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())
+
+    def _wrap_chunks(self, chunks: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        """Wrap chunks counting widths in visible characters.
+
+        Mirrors the algorithm of :meth:`textwrap.TextWrapper._wrap_chunks`
+        with every width measurement routed through
+        :func:`click._compat.term_len` instead of :func:`len`, so ANSI escape
+        bytes in chunks, indents, or the placeholder do not inflate the count.
+
+        .. seealso::
+            :class:`textwrap.TextWrapper` in the Python standard library documentation:
+            https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html#textwrap.TextWrapper
+
+            Reference implementation in CPython:
+            https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/textwrap.py
+        """
+        lines: list[str] = []
+        if self.width <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid width {self.width!r} (must be > 0)")
+        if self.max_lines is not None:
+            if self.max_lines > 1:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+            if term_len(indent) + term_len(self.placeholder.lstrip()) > self.width:
+                raise ValueError("placeholder too large for max width")
+
+        chunks.reverse()
+
+        while chunks:
+            cur_line: list[str] = []
+            cur_len = 0
+
+            if lines:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            width = self.width - term_len(indent)
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and chunks[-1].strip() == "" and lines:
+                del chunks[-1]
+
+            while chunks:
+                n = term_len(chunks[-1])
+
+                if cur_len + n <= width:
+                    cur_line.append(chunks.pop())
+                    cur_len += n
+
+                else:
+                    break
+
+            if chunks and term_len(chunks[-1]) > width:
+                self._handle_long_word(chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width)
+                cur_len = sum(map(term_len, cur_line))
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and cur_line and cur_line[-1].strip() == "":
+                cur_len -= term_len(cur_line[-1])
+                del cur_line[-1]
+
+            if cur_line:
+                if (
+                    self.max_lines is None
+                    or len(lines) + 1 < self.max_lines
+                    or (
+                        not chunks
+                        or self.drop_whitespace
+                        and len(chunks) == 1
+                        and not chunks[0].strip()
+                    )
+                    and cur_len <= width
+                ):
+                    lines.append(indent + "".join(cur_line))
+                else:
+                    while cur_line:
+                        if (
+                            cur_line[-1].strip()
+                            and cur_len + term_len(self.placeholder) <= width
+                        ):
+                            cur_line.append(self.placeholder)
+                            lines.append(indent + "".join(cur_line))
+                            break
+                        cur_len -= term_len(cur_line[-1])
+                        del cur_line[-1]
+                    else:
+                        if lines:
+                            prev_line = lines[-1].rstrip()
+                            if (
+                                term_len(prev_line) + term_len(self.placeholder)
+                                <= self.width
+                            ):
+                                lines[-1] = prev_line + self.placeholder
+                                break
+                        lines.append(indent + self.placeholder.lstrip())
+                    break
+
+        return lines
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def extra_indent(self, indent: str) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent
+        old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent
+        self.initial_indent += indent
+        self.subsequent_indent += indent
+
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent
+            self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent
+
+    def indent_only(self, text: str) -> str:
+        rv = []
+
+        for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()):
+            indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            if idx > 0:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+
+            rv.append(f"{indent}{line}")
+
+        return "\n".join(rv)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05ee2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import typing as t
+
+
+class Sentinel(enum.Enum):
+    """Enum used to define sentinel values.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        `PEP 661 - Sentinel Values <https://peps.python.org/pep-0661/>`_.
+    """
+
+    UNSET = object()
+    FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE = object()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{self.name}"
+
+
+UNSET: t.Literal[Sentinel.UNSET] = Sentinel.UNSET
+"""Sentinel used to indicate that a value is not set."""
+
+FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE: t.Literal[Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE] = Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+"""Sentinel used to indicate an option was passed as a flag without a
+value but is not a flag option.
+
+``Option.consume_value`` uses this to prompt or use the ``flag_value``.
+"""
+
+T_UNSET: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal[Sentinel.UNSET]
+"""Type hint for the :data:`UNSET` sentinel value."""
+
+T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE: t.TypeAlias = t.Literal[Sentinel.FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE]
+"""Type hint for the :data:`FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE` sentinel value."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d25178d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/_winconsole.py
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who
+# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in
+# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker.
+#
+# There are some general differences in regards to how this works
+# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch
+# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of
+# echo and prompt.
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import io
+import sys
+import time
+import typing as t
+from ctypes import Array
+from ctypes import byref
+from ctypes import c_char
+from ctypes import c_char_p
+from ctypes import c_int
+from ctypes import c_ssize_t
+from ctypes import c_ulong
+from ctypes import c_void_p
+from ctypes import POINTER
+from ctypes import py_object
+from ctypes import Structure
+from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD
+from ctypes.wintypes import HANDLE
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR
+from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper
+
+assert sys.platform == "win32"
+import msvcrt  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import windll  # noqa: E402
+from ctypes import WINFUNCTYPE  # noqa: E402
+
+c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t)
+
+kernel32 = windll.kernel32
+GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle
+ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
+WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
+GetConsoleMode = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError
+GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)(("GetCommandLineW", windll.kernel32))
+CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE(POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))(
+    ("CommandLineToArgvW", windll.shell32)
+)
+LocalFree = WINFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p)(("LocalFree", windll.kernel32))
+
+STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10)
+STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11)
+STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12)
+
+PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0
+PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1
+
+ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8
+ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995
+
+STDIN_FILENO = 0
+STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+EOF = b"\x1a"
+MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    try:
+        # Using `typing_extensions.Buffer` instead of `collections.abc`
+        # on Windows for some reason does not have `Sized` implemented.
+        from collections.abc import Buffer  # type: ignore
+    except ImportError:
+        from typing_extensions import Buffer
+
+try:
+    from ctypes import pythonapi
+except ImportError:
+    # On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is
+    # severely limited.
+    get_buffer = None
+else:
+
+    class Py_buffer(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [  # noqa: RUF012
+            ("buf", c_void_p),
+            ("obj", py_object),
+            ("len", c_ssize_t),
+            ("itemsize", c_ssize_t),
+            ("readonly", c_int),
+            ("ndim", c_int),
+            ("format", c_char_p),
+            ("shape", c_ssize_p),
+            ("strides", c_ssize_p),
+            ("suboffsets", c_ssize_p),
+            ("internal", c_void_p),
+        ]
+
+    PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer
+    PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release
+
+    def get_buffer(obj: Buffer, writable: bool = False) -> Array[c_char]:
+        buf = Py_buffer()
+        flags: int = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags)
+
+        try:
+            buffer_type = c_char * buf.len
+            out: Array[c_char] = buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf)
+            return out
+        finally:
+            PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf))
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase):
+    def __init__(self, handle: int | None) -> None:
+        self.handle = handle
+
+    def isatty(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        super().isatty()
+        return True
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def readable(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b: Buffer) -> int:
+        bytes_to_be_read = len(b)
+        if not bytes_to_be_read:
+            return 0
+        elif bytes_to_be_read % 2:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot read odd number of bytes from UTF-16-LE encoded console"
+            )
+
+        buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True)
+        code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2
+        code_units_read = c_ulong()
+
+        rv = ReadConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buffer,
+            code_units_to_be_read,
+            byref(code_units_read),
+            None,
+        )
+        if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
+            # wait for KeyboardInterrupt
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        if not rv:
+            raise OSError(_("Windows error: {error}").format(error=GetLastError()))
+
+        if buffer[0] == EOF:
+            return 0
+        return 2 * code_units_read.value
+
+
+class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase):
+    def writable(self) -> t.Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_error_message(errno: int) -> str:
+        if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS:
+            return "ERROR_SUCCESS"
+        elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+            return "ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY"
+        return _("Windows error: {error}").format(error=errno)
+
+    def write(self, b: Buffer) -> int:
+        bytes_to_be_written = len(b)
+        buf = get_buffer(b)
+        code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2
+        code_units_written = c_ulong()
+
+        WriteConsoleW(
+            HANDLE(self.handle),
+            buf,
+            code_units_to_be_written,
+            byref(code_units_written),
+            None,
+        )
+        bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value
+
+        if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0:
+            raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError()))
+        return bytes_written
+
+
+class ConsoleStream:
+    def __init__(self, text_stream: t.TextIO, byte_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._text_stream = text_stream
+        self.buffer = byte_stream
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.buffer.name
+
+    def write(self, x: t.AnyStr) -> int:
+        if isinstance(x, str):
+            return self._text_stream.write(x)
+        try:
+            self.flush()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return self.buffer.write(x)
+
+    def writelines(self, lines: cabc.Iterable[t.AnyStr]) -> None:
+        for line in lines:
+            self.write(line)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._text_stream, name)
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.buffer.isatty()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<ConsoleStream name={self.name!r} encoding={self.encoding!r}>"
+
+
+def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream: t.BinaryIO) -> t.TextIO:
+    text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(
+        io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)),
+        "utf-16-le",
+        "strict",
+        line_buffering=True,
+    )
+    return t.cast(t.TextIO, ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream))
+
+
+_stream_factories: cabc.Mapping[int, t.Callable[[t.BinaryIO], t.TextIO]] = {
+    0: _get_text_stdin,
+    1: _get_text_stdout,
+    2: _get_text_stderr,
+}
+
+
+def _is_console(f: t.TextIO) -> bool:
+    if not hasattr(f, "fileno"):
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        fileno = f.fileno()
+    except (OSError, io.UnsupportedOperation):
+        return False
+
+    handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fileno)
+    return bool(GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(DWORD())))
+
+
+def _get_windows_console_stream(
+    f: t.TextIO, encoding: str | None, errors: str | None
+) -> t.TextIO | None:
+    if (
+        get_buffer is None
+        or encoding not in {"utf-16-le", None}
+        or errors not in {"strict", None}
+        or not _is_console(f)
+    ):
+        return None
+
+    func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno())
+    if func is None:
+        return None
+
+    b = getattr(f, "buffer", None)
+
+    if b is None:
+        return None
+
+    return func(b)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc04f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3542 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import enum
+import errno
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from abc import ABC
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections import abc
+from collections import Counter
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+from itertools import repeat
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import types
+from ._utils import FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+from ._utils import UNSET
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .exceptions import ClickException
+from .exceptions import Exit
+from .exceptions import MissingParameter
+from .exceptions import NoArgsIsHelpError
+from .exceptions import NoSuchCommand
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .formatting import HelpFormatter
+from .formatting import join_options
+from .globals import pop_context
+from .globals import push_context
+from .parser import _OptionParser
+from .parser import _split_opt
+from .termui import confirm
+from .termui import prompt
+from .termui import style
+from .utils import _detect_program_name
+from .utils import _expand_args
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import make_default_short_help
+from .utils import make_str
+from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+F = t.TypeVar("F", bound="t.Callable[..., t.Any]")
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _complete_visible_commands(
+    ctx: Context, incomplete: str
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, Command]]:
+    """List all the subcommands of a group that start with the
+    incomplete value and aren't hidden.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the group.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    multi = t.cast(Group, ctx.command)
+
+    for name in multi.list_commands(ctx):
+        if name.startswith(incomplete):
+            command = multi.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is not None and not command.hidden:
+                yield name, command
+
+
+def _check_nested_chain(
+    base_command: Group, cmd_name: str, cmd: Command, register: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    if not base_command.chain or not isinstance(cmd, Group):
+        return
+
+    if register:
+        message = (
+            f"It is not possible to add the group {cmd_name!r} to another"
+            f" group {base_command.name!r} that is in chain mode."
+        )
+    else:
+        message = (
+            f"Found the group {cmd_name!r} as subcommand to another group "
+            f" {base_command.name!r} that is in chain mode. This is not supported."
+        )
+
+    raise RuntimeError(message)
+
+
+def _format_deprecated_label(deprecated: bool | str) -> str:
+    """Return the parenthesized deprecation label shown in help text."""
+    label = _("deprecated").upper()
+    if isinstance(deprecated, str):
+        return f"({label}: {deprecated})"
+    return f"({label})"
+
+
+def _format_deprecated_suffix(deprecated: bool | str) -> str:
+    """Return the trailing reason for a ``DeprecationWarning`` message,
+    prefixed with a space, or an empty string when no reason was given.
+    """
+    if isinstance(deprecated, str):
+        return f" {deprecated}"
+    return ""
+
+
+def batch(iterable: cabc.Iterable[V], batch_size: int) -> list[tuple[V, ...]]:
+    return list(zip(*repeat(iter(iterable), batch_size), strict=False))
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def augment_usage_errors(
+    ctx: Context, param: Parameter | None = None
+) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+    """Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions."""
+    try:
+        yield
+    except BadParameter as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        if param is not None and e.param is None:
+            e.param = param
+        raise
+    except UsageError as e:
+        if e.ctx is None:
+            e.ctx = ctx
+        raise
+
+
+def iter_params_for_processing(
+    invocation_order: cabc.Sequence[Parameter],
+    declaration_order: cabc.Sequence[Parameter],
+) -> list[Parameter]:
+    """Returns all declared parameters in the order they should be processed.
+
+    The declared parameters are re-shuffled depending on the order in which
+    they were invoked, as well as the eagerness of each parameters.
+
+    The invocation order takes precedence over the declaration order. I.e. the
+    order in which the user provided them to the CLI is respected.
+
+    This behavior and its effect on callback evaluation is detailed at:
+    https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/advanced/#callback-evaluation-order
+    """
+
+    def sort_key(item: Parameter) -> tuple[bool, float]:
+        try:
+            idx: float = invocation_order.index(item)
+        except ValueError:
+            idx = float("inf")
+
+        return not item.is_eager, idx
+
+    return sorted(declaration_order, key=sort_key)
+
+
+class ParameterSource(enum.IntEnum):
+    """This is an :class:`~enum.IntEnum` that indicates the source of a
+    parameter's value.
+
+    Use :meth:`click.Context.get_parameter_source` to get the
+    source for a parameter by name.
+
+    Members are ordered from most explicit to least explicit source.
+    This allows comparison to check if a value was explicitly provided:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        source = ctx.get_parameter_source("port")
+        if source < click.ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP:
+            ...  # value was explicitly set
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+        Use :class:`~enum.IntEnum` and reorder members from most to
+        least explicit. Supports comparison operators.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :class:`~enum.Enum` and drop the ``validate`` method.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``PROMPT`` value.
+    """
+
+    PROMPT = enum.auto()
+    """Used a prompt to confirm a default or provide a value."""
+    COMMANDLINE = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided by the command line args."""
+    ENVIRONMENT = enum.auto()
+    """The value was provided with an environment variable."""
+    DEFAULT_MAP = enum.auto()
+    """Used a default provided by :attr:`Context.default_map`."""
+    DEFAULT = enum.auto()
+    """Used the default specified by the parameter."""
+
+
+class Context:
+    """The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant
+    for the script execution at every single level.  It's normally invisible
+    to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it.
+
+    The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can
+    control special execution features such as reading data from
+    environment variables.
+
+    A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call
+    :meth:`close` on teardown.
+
+    :param command: the command class for this context.
+    :param parent: the parent context.
+    :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                      is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                      command.  For the toplevel script it is usually
+                      the name of the script, for commands below that it's
+                      the name of the script.
+    :param obj: an arbitrary object of user data.
+    :param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment
+                               variables.  If this is `None` then reading
+                               from environment variables is disabled.  This
+                               does not affect manually set environment
+                               variables which are always read.
+    :param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values
+                        for parameters.
+    :param terminal_width: the width of the terminal.  The default is
+                           inherit from parent context.  If no context
+                           defines the terminal width then auto
+                           detection will be applied.
+    :param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by
+                              Click (this currently only affects help
+                              pages).  This defaults to 80 characters if
+                              not overridden.  In other words: even if the
+                              terminal is larger than that, Click will not
+                              format things wider than 80 characters by
+                              default.  In addition to that, formatters might
+                              add some safety mapping on the right.
+    :param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will
+                              parse without any interactivity or callback
+                              invocation.  Default values will also be
+                              ignored.  This is useful for implementing
+                              things such as completion support.
+    :param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments
+                             at the end will not raise an error and will be
+                             kept on the context.  The default is to inherit
+                             from the command.
+    :param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options
+                                    and arguments cannot be mixed.  The
+                                    default is to inherit from the command.
+    :param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does
+                                   not know and keeps them for later
+                                   processing.
+    :param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how
+                              the default help parameter is named.  The
+                              default is ``['--help']``.
+    :param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to
+                                 normalize tokens (options, choices,
+                                 etc.).  This for instance can be used to
+                                 implement case insensitive behavior.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by
+                  default not the case.  This for instance would affect
+                  help output.
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for commands. If this
+        value is not set, it defaults to the value from the parent
+        context. ``Command.show_default`` overrides this default for the
+        specific command.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        The ``protected_args`` attribute is deprecated and will be removed in
+        Click 9.0. ``args`` will contain remaining unparsed tokens.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter is overridden by
+        ``Command.show_default``, instead of the other way around.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``show_default`` parameter defaults to the value from the
+        parent context.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+       Added the ``show_default`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color``, ``ignore_unknown_options``, and
+        ``max_content_width`` parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+        Added the ``allow_extra_args`` and ``allow_interspersed_args``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``resilient_parsing``, ``help_option_names``, and
+        ``token_normalize_func`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    #: The formatter class to create with :meth:`make_formatter`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    formatter_class: type[HelpFormatter] = HelpFormatter
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command: Command,
+        parent: Context | None = None,
+        info_name: str | None = None,
+        obj: t.Any | None = None,
+        auto_envvar_prefix: str | None = None,
+        default_map: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        terminal_width: int | None = None,
+        max_content_width: int | None = None,
+        resilient_parsing: bool = False,
+        allow_extra_args: bool | None = None,
+        allow_interspersed_args: bool | None = None,
+        ignore_unknown_options: bool | None = None,
+        help_option_names: list[str] | None = None,
+        token_normalize_func: t.Callable[[str], str] | None = None,
+        color: bool | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the parent context or `None` if none exists.
+        self.parent = parent
+        #: the :class:`Command` for this context.
+        self.command = command
+        #: the descriptive information name
+        self.info_name = info_name
+        #: Map of parameter names to their parsed values. Parameters
+        #: with ``expose_value=False`` are not stored.
+        self.params: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        #: the leftover arguments.
+        self.args: list[str] = []
+        #: protected arguments.  These are arguments that are prepended
+        #: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but
+        #: must be never propagated to another arguments.  This is used
+        #: to implement nested parsing.
+        self._protected_args: list[str] = []
+        #: the collected prefixes of the command's options.
+        self._opt_prefixes: set[str] = set(parent._opt_prefixes) if parent else set()
+
+        if obj is None and parent is not None:
+            obj = parent.obj
+
+        #: the user object stored.
+        self.obj: t.Any = obj
+        self._meta: dict[str, t.Any] = getattr(parent, "meta", {})
+
+        #: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters.
+        if (
+            default_map is None
+            and info_name is not None
+            and parent is not None
+            and parent.default_map is not None
+        ):
+            default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name)
+
+        self.default_map: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = default_map
+
+        #: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A
+        #: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's
+        #: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes
+        #: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be
+        #: the name of the subcommand to execute.
+        #:
+        #: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case
+        #: any commands are executed.  It is however not possible to
+        #: figure out which ones.  If you require this knowledge you
+        #: should use a :func:`result_callback`.
+        self.invoked_subcommand: str | None = None
+
+        if terminal_width is None and parent is not None:
+            terminal_width = parent.terminal_width
+
+        #: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection).
+        self.terminal_width: int | None = terminal_width
+
+        if max_content_width is None and parent is not None:
+            max_content_width = parent.max_content_width
+
+        #: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible
+        #: default which is 80 for most things).
+        self.max_content_width: int | None = max_content_width
+
+        if allow_extra_args is None:
+            allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should
+        #: fail on parsing.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args
+
+        if allow_interspersed_args is None:
+            allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args
+
+        #: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and
+        #: options or not.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = allow_interspersed_args
+
+        if ignore_unknown_options is None:
+            ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        #: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not
+        #: understand and will store it on the context for later
+        #: processing.  This is primarily useful for situations where you
+        #: want to call into external programs.  Generally this pattern is
+        #: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly
+        #: forward all arguments.
+        #:
+        #: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = ignore_unknown_options
+
+        if help_option_names is None:
+            if parent is not None:
+                help_option_names = parent.help_option_names
+            else:
+                help_option_names = ["--help"]
+
+        #: The names for the help options.
+        self.help_option_names: list[str] = help_option_names
+
+        if token_normalize_func is None and parent is not None:
+            token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func
+
+        #: An optional normalization function for tokens.  This is
+        #: options, choices, commands etc.
+        self.token_normalize_func: t.Callable[[str], str] | None = token_normalize_func
+
+        #: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled.  In that case Click
+        #: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values
+        #: will be ignored. Useful for completion.
+        self.resilient_parsing: bool = resilient_parsing
+
+        # If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and
+        # the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar
+        # prefix automatically.
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is None:
+            if (
+                parent is not None
+                and parent.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                and self.info_name is not None
+            ):
+                auto_envvar_prefix = (
+                    f"{parent.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.info_name.upper()}"
+                )
+        else:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper()
+
+        if auto_envvar_prefix is not None:
+            auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.replace("-", "_")
+
+        self.auto_envvar_prefix: str | None = auto_envvar_prefix
+
+        if color is None and parent is not None:
+            color = parent.color
+
+        #: Controls if styling output is wanted or not.
+        self.color: bool | None = color
+
+        if show_default is None and parent is not None:
+            show_default = parent.show_default
+
+        #: Show option default values when formatting help text.
+        self.show_default: bool | None = show_default
+
+        self._close_callbacks: list[t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = []
+        self._depth = 0
+        self._parameter_source: dict[str, ParameterSource] = {}
+        # Tracks whether the option that currently owns each parameter slot in
+        # :attr:`params` had its ``default`` set explicitly by the user. Used
+        # to tie-break feature-switch groups where multiple options share a
+        # parameter name and both fall back to their default value.
+        # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        self._param_default_explicit: dict[str, bool] = {}
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+    @property
+    def protected_args(self) -> list[str]:
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'protected_args' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0."
+            " 'args' will contain remaining unparsed tokens.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self._protected_args
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire CLI
+        structure.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            with Context(cli) as ctx:
+                info = ctx.to_info_dict()
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "command": self.command.to_info_dict(self),
+            "info_name": self.info_name,
+            "allow_extra_args": self.allow_extra_args,
+            "allow_interspersed_args": self.allow_interspersed_args,
+            "ignore_unknown_options": self.ignore_unknown_options,
+            "auto_envvar_prefix": self.auto_envvar_prefix,
+        }
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Context:
+        self._depth += 1
+        push_context(self)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        self._depth -= 1
+        exit_result: bool | None = None
+        if self._depth == 0:
+            exit_result = self._close_with_exception_info(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        pop_context()
+
+        return exit_result
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def scope(self, cleanup: bool = True) -> cabc.Iterator[Context]:
+        """This helper method can be used with the context object to promote
+        it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`).
+        The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which
+        can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`.  The cleanup
+        functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles.
+
+        If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly
+        used as a context manager.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            with ctx.scope():
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        This is equivalent::
+
+            with ctx:
+                assert get_current_context() is ctx
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+        :param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or
+                        not.  The default is to run these functions.  In
+                        some situations the context only wants to be
+                        temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled.
+                        Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup.
+        """
+        if not cleanup:
+            self._depth += 1
+        try:
+            with self as rv:
+                yield rv
+        finally:
+            if not cleanup:
+                self._depth -= 1
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts
+        that are nested.  It exists so that click utilities can store some
+        state here if they need to.  It is however the responsibility of
+        that code to manage this dictionary well.
+
+        The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings.  For instance
+        module paths are a good choice for it.  What is stored in there is
+        irrelevant for the operation of click.  However what is important is
+        that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of
+        the system.
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            LANG_KEY = f'{__name__}.lang'
+
+            def set_language(value):
+                ctx = get_current_context()
+                ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value
+
+            def get_language():
+                return get_current_context().meta.get(LANG_KEY, 'en_US')
+
+        .. versionadded:: 5.0
+        """
+        return self._meta
+
+    def make_formatter(self) -> HelpFormatter:
+        """Creates the :class:`~click.HelpFormatter` for the help and
+        usage output.
+
+        To quickly customize the formatter class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
+        """
+        return self.formatter_class(
+            width=self.terminal_width, max_width=self.max_content_width
+        )
+
+    def with_resource(self, context_manager: AbstractContextManager[V]) -> V:
+        """Register a resource as if it were used in a ``with``
+        statement. The resource will be cleaned up when the context is
+        popped.
+
+        Uses :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`. It calls the
+        resource's ``__enter__()`` method and returns the result. When
+        the context is popped, it closes the stack, which calls the
+        resource's ``__exit__()`` method.
+
+        To register a cleanup function for something that isn't a
+        context manager, use :meth:`call_on_close`. Or use something
+        from :mod:`contextlib` to turn it into a context manager first.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option("--name")
+            @click.pass_context
+            def cli(ctx):
+                ctx.obj = ctx.with_resource(connect_db(name))
+
+        :param context_manager: The context manager to enter.
+        :return: Whatever ``context_manager.__enter__()`` returns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.enter_context(context_manager)
+
+    def call_on_close(self, f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
+        """Register a function to be called when the context tears down.
+
+        This can be used to close resources opened during the script
+        execution. Resources that support Python's context manager
+        protocol which would be used in a ``with`` statement should be
+        registered with :meth:`with_resource` instead.
+
+        :param f: The function to execute on teardown.
+        """
+        return self._exit_stack.callback(f)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Invoke all close callbacks registered with
+        :meth:`call_on_close`, and exit all context managers entered
+        with :meth:`with_resource`.
+        """
+        self._close_with_exception_info(None, None, None)
+
+    def _close_with_exception_info(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Unwind the exit stack by calling its :meth:`__exit__` providing the exception
+        information to allow for exception handling by the various resources registered
+        using :meth;`with_resource`
+
+        :return: Whatever ``exit_stack.__exit__()`` returns.
+        """
+        exit_result = self._exit_stack.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        # In case the context is reused, create a new exit stack.
+        self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
+
+        return exit_result
+
+    @property
+    def command_path(self) -> str:
+        """The computed command path.  This is used for the ``usage``
+        information on the help page.  It's automatically created by
+        combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root.
+        """
+        rv = ""
+        if self.info_name is not None:
+            rv = self.info_name
+        if self.parent is not None:
+            parent_command_path = [self.parent.command_path]
+
+            if isinstance(self.parent.command, Command):
+                for param in self.parent.command.get_params(self):
+                    parent_command_path.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(self))
+
+            rv = f"{' '.join(parent_command_path)} {rv}"
+        return rv.lstrip()
+
+    def find_root(self) -> Context:
+        """Finds the outermost context."""
+        node = self
+        while node.parent is not None:
+            node = node.parent
+        return node
+
+    def find_object(self, object_type: type[V]) -> V | None:
+        """Finds the closest object of a given type."""
+        node: Context | None = self
+
+        while node is not None:
+            if isinstance(node.obj, object_type):
+                return node.obj
+
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return None
+
+    def ensure_object(self, object_type: type[V]) -> V:
+        """Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a
+        new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist.
+        """
+        rv = self.find_object(object_type)
+        if rv is None:
+            self.obj = rv = object_type()
+        return rv
+
+    def _default_map_has(self, name: str | None) -> bool:
+        """Check if :attr:`default_map` contains a real value for ``name``.
+
+        Returns ``False`` when the key is absent, the map is ``None``,
+        ``name`` is ``None``, or the stored value is the internal
+        :data:`UNSET` sentinel.
+        """
+        return (
+            name is not None
+            and self.default_map is not None
+            and name in self.default_map
+            and self.default_map[name] is not UNSET
+        )
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: t.Literal[True] = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def lookup_default(
+        self, name: str, call: t.Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None: ...
+
+    def lookup_default(self, name: str, call: bool = True) -> t.Any | None:
+        """Get the default for a parameter from :attr:`default_map`.
+
+        :param name: Name of the parameter.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        if not self._default_map_has(name):
+            return None
+
+        # Assert to make the type checker happy.
+        assert self.default_map is not None
+        value = self.default_map[name]
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            return value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def fail(self, message: str) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error
+        message.
+
+        :param message: the error message to fail with.
+        """
+        raise UsageError(message, self)
+
+    def abort(self) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Aborts the script."""
+        raise Abort()
+
+    def exit(self, code: int = 0) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Exits the application with a given exit code.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            Callbacks and context managers registered with :meth:`call_on_close`
+            and :meth:`with_resource` are closed before exiting.
+        """
+        self.close()
+        raise Exit(code)
+
+    def get_usage(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_usage(self)
+
+    def get_help(self) -> str:
+        """Helper method to get formatted help page for the current
+        context and command.
+        """
+        return self.command.get_help(self)
+
+    def _make_sub_context(self, command: Command) -> Context:
+        """Create a new context of the same type as this context, but
+        for a new command.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        return type(self)(command, info_name=command.name, parent=self)
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(
+        self, callback: t.Callable[..., V], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> V: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def invoke(self, callback: Command, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def invoke(
+        self, callback: Command | t.Callable[..., V], /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Any | V:
+        """Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects.  There
+        are two ways to invoke this method:
+
+        1.  the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and
+            keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function.
+        2.  the first argument is a click command object.  In that case all
+            arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters
+            (options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click
+            will fill in defaults.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if :meth:`forward` is called at multiple levels.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.2
+            A new context is created, and missing arguments use default values.
+        """
+        if isinstance(callback, Command):
+            other_cmd = callback
+
+            if other_cmd.callback is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The given command does not have a callback that can be invoked."
+                )
+            else:
+                callback = t.cast("t.Callable[..., V]", other_cmd.callback)
+
+            ctx = self._make_sub_context(other_cmd)
+
+            for param in other_cmd.params:
+                if param.name not in kwargs and param.expose_value:
+                    default_value = param.get_default(ctx)
+                    # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we
+                    # choose to make it an implementation detail. And because ``invoke``
+                    # has been designed as part of Click public API, we return ``None``
+                    # instead. Refs:
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3066
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3065
+                    # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3068
+                    if default_value is UNSET:
+                        default_value = None
+                    kwargs[param.name] = param.type_cast_value(ctx, default_value)
+
+            # Track all kwargs as params, so that forward() will pass
+            # them on in subsequent calls.
+            ctx.params.update(kwargs)
+        else:
+            ctx = self
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(self):
+            with ctx:
+                return callback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def forward(self, cmd: Command, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword
+        arguments from the current context if the other command expects
+        it.  This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
+            passed if ``forward`` is called at multiple levels.
+        """
+        # Can only forward to other commands, not direct callbacks.
+        if not isinstance(cmd, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Callback is not a command.")
+
+        for param in self.params:
+            if param not in kwargs:
+                kwargs[param] = self.params[param]
+
+        return self.invoke(cmd, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_parameter_source(self, name: str, source: ParameterSource) -> None:
+        """Set the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :param source: A member of :class:`~click.core.ParameterSource`.
+        """
+        self._parameter_source[name] = source
+
+    def get_parameter_source(self, name: str) -> ParameterSource | None:
+        """Get the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
+        from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
+
+        This can be useful for determining when a user specified a value
+        on the command line that is the same as the default value. It
+        will be :attr:`~click.core.ParameterSource.DEFAULT` only if the
+        value was actually taken from the default.
+
+        :param name: The name of the parameter.
+        :rtype: ParameterSource
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Returns ``None`` if the parameter was not provided from any
+            source.
+        """
+        return self._parameter_source.get(name)
+
+
+class Command:
+    """Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in
+    Click.  A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch
+    more parsing to commands nested below it.
+
+    :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
+    :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
+                             passed to the context object.
+    :param callback: the callback to invoke.  This is optional.
+    :param params: the parameters to register with this command.  This can
+                   be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects.
+    :param help: the help string to use for this command.
+    :param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the
+                   help page after everything else.
+    :param short_help: the short help to use for this command.  This is
+                       shown on the command listing of the parent command.
+    :param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help``
+                            option.  This can be disabled by this parameter.
+    :param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
+                            provided.  This option is disabled by default.
+                            If enabled this will add ``--help`` as argument
+                            if no arguments are passed
+    :param hidden: hide this command from help outputs.
+    :param deprecated: If ``True`` or non-empty string, issues a message
+                        indicating that the command is deprecated and highlights
+                        its deprecation in --help. The message can be customized
+                        by using a string as the value.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        This is the base class for all commands, not ``BaseCommand``.
+        ``deprecated`` can be set to a string as well to customize the
+        deprecation message.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        ``help``, ``epilog``, and ``short_help`` are stored unprocessed,
+        all formatting is done when outputting help text, not at init,
+        and is done even if not using the ``@command`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added a ``repr`` showing the command name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Added the ``no_args_is_help`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``context_settings`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    #: The context class to create with :meth:`make_context`.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    context_class: type[Context] = Context
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag.
+    allow_extra_args = False
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag.
+    allow_interspersed_args = True
+
+    #: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag.
+    ignore_unknown_options = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None,
+        context_settings: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] | None = None,
+        callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        params: list[Parameter] | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        epilog: str | None = None,
+        short_help: str | None = None,
+        options_metavar: str | None = "[OPTIONS]",
+        add_help_option: bool = True,
+        no_args_is_help: bool = False,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: the name the command thinks it has.  Upon registering a command
+        #: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name
+        #: with this information.  You should instead use the
+        #: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute.
+        self.name = name
+
+        if context_settings is None:
+            context_settings = {}
+
+        #: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context.
+        self.context_settings: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any] = context_settings
+
+        #: the callback to execute when the command fires.  This might be
+        #: `None` in which case nothing happens.
+        self.callback = callback
+        #: the list of parameters for this command in the order they
+        #: should show up in the help page and execute.  Eager parameters
+        #: will automatically be handled before non eager ones.
+        self.params: list[Parameter] = params or []
+        self.help = help
+        self.epilog = epilog
+        self.options_metavar = options_metavar
+        self.short_help = short_help
+        self.add_help_option = add_help_option
+        self._help_option = None
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "params": [param.to_info_dict() for param in self.get_params(ctx)],
+            "help": self.help,
+            "epilog": self.epilog,
+            "short_help": self.short_help,
+            "hidden": self.hidden,
+            "deprecated": self.deprecated,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the usage line into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_usage` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_params(self, ctx: Context) -> list[Parameter]:
+        params = self.params
+        help_option = self.get_help_option(ctx)
+
+        if help_option is not None:
+            params = [*params, help_option]
+
+        if __debug__:
+            import warnings
+
+            opts = [opt for param in params for opt in param.opts]
+            opts_counter = Counter(opts)
+            duplicate_opts = (opt for opt, count in opts_counter.items() if count > 1)
+
+            for duplicate_opt in duplicate_opts:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        f"The parameter {duplicate_opt} is used more than once. "
+                        "Remove its duplicate as parameters should be unique."
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return params
+
+    def format_usage(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the usage line into the formatter.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_usage`.
+        """
+        pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, " ".join(pieces))
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns
+        it as a list of strings.
+        """
+        rv = [self.options_metavar] if self.options_metavar else []
+
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx))
+
+        return rv
+
+    def get_help_option_names(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns the names for the help option."""
+        all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names)
+        for param in self.params:
+            all_names.difference_update(param.opts)
+            all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts)
+        return list(all_names)
+
+    def get_help_option(self, ctx: Context) -> Option | None:
+        """Returns the help option object.
+
+        Skipped if :attr:`add_help_option` is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1.8
+            The help option is now cached to avoid creating it multiple times.
+        """
+        help_option_names = self.get_help_option_names(ctx)
+
+        if not help_option_names or not self.add_help_option:
+            return None
+
+        # Cache the help option object in private _help_option attribute to
+        # avoid creating it multiple times. Not doing this will break the
+        # callback ordering by iter_params_for_processing(), which relies on
+        # object comparison.
+        if self._help_option is None:
+            # Avoid circular import.
+            from .decorators import help_option
+
+            # Apply help_option decorator and pop resulting option
+            help_option(*help_option_names)(self)
+            self._help_option = self.params.pop()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        return self._help_option
+
+    def make_parser(self, ctx: Context) -> _OptionParser:
+        """Creates the underlying option parser for this command."""
+        parser = _OptionParser(ctx)
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx)
+        return parser
+
+    def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        """Formats the help into a string and returns it.
+
+        Calls :meth:`format_help` internally.
+        """
+        formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
+        self.format_help(ctx, formatter)
+        return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
+
+    def get_short_help_str(self, limit: int = 45) -> str:
+        """Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the
+        long help string.
+        """
+        if self.short_help:
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.short_help)
+        elif self.help:
+            text = make_default_short_help(self.help, limit)
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = f"{_(text)} {_format_deprecated_label(self.deprecated)}"
+
+        return text.strip()
+
+    def format_help(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help into the formatter if it exists.
+
+        This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_help`.
+
+        This calls the following methods:
+
+        -   :meth:`format_usage`
+        -   :meth:`format_help_text`
+        -   :meth:`format_options`
+        -   :meth:`format_epilog`
+        """
+        self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_help_text(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_epilog(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_help_text(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.help is not None:
+            # truncate the help text to the first form feed
+            text = inspect.cleandoc(self.help).partition("\f")[0]
+        else:
+            text = ""
+
+        if self.deprecated:
+            text = f"{_(text)} {_format_deprecated_label(self.deprecated)}"
+
+        if text:
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(text)
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist."""
+        opts = []
+        for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+            rv = param.get_help_record(ctx)
+            if rv is not None:
+                opts.append(rv)
+
+        if opts:
+            with formatter.section(_("Options")):
+                formatter.write_dl(opts)
+
+    def format_epilog(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists."""
+        if self.epilog:
+            epilog = inspect.cleandoc(self.epilog)
+            formatter.write_paragraph()
+
+            with formatter.indentation():
+                formatter.write_text(epilog)
+
+    def make_context(
+        self,
+        info_name: str | None,
+        args: list[str],
+        parent: Context | None = None,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Context:
+        """This function when given an info name and arguments will kick
+        off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`.  It does not
+        invoke the actual command callback though.
+
+        To quickly customize the context class used without overriding
+        this method, set the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+
+        :param info_name: the info name for this invocation.  Generally this
+                          is the most descriptive name for the script or
+                          command.  For the toplevel script it's usually
+                          the name of the script, for commands below it's
+                          the name of the command.
+        :param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings.
+        :param parent: the parent context if available.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
+        """
+        for key, value in self.context_settings.items():
+            if key not in extra:
+                extra[key] = value
+
+        ctx = self.context_class(self, info_name=info_name, parent=parent, **extra)
+
+        with ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+            self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+        return ctx
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            raise NoArgsIsHelpError(ctx)
+
+        parser = self.make_parser(ctx)
+        opts, args, param_order = parser.parse_args(args=args)
+
+        for param in iter_params_for_processing(param_order, self.get_params(ctx)):
+            _, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
+
+        # We now have all parameters' values into `ctx.params`, but the data may contain
+        # the `UNSET` sentinel.
+        # Convert `UNSET` to `None` to ensure that the user doesn't see `UNSET`.
+        #
+        # Waiting until after the initial parse to convert allows us to treat `UNSET`
+        # more like a missing value when multiple params use the same name.
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3071
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3079
+        for name, value in ctx.params.items():
+            if value is UNSET:
+                ctx.params[name] = None
+
+        if args and not ctx.allow_extra_args and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            ctx.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "Got unexpected extra argument ({args})",
+                    "Got unexpected extra arguments ({args})",
+                    len(args),
+                ).format(args=" ".join(map(str, args)))
+            )
+
+        ctx.args = args
+        ctx._opt_prefixes.update(parser._opt_prefixes)
+        return args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists)
+        in the right way.
+        """
+        if self.deprecated:
+            message = _(
+                "DeprecationWarning: The command {name!r} is deprecated.{extra_message}"
+            ).format(
+                name=self.name,
+                extra_message=_format_deprecated_suffix(self.deprecated),
+            )
+            echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options and chained multi-commands.
+
+        Any command could be part of a chained multi-command, so sibling
+        commands are valid at any point during command completion.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results: list[CompletionItem] = []
+
+        if incomplete and not incomplete[0].isalnum():
+            for param in self.get_params(ctx):
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(param, Option)
+                    or param.hidden
+                    or (
+                        not param.multiple
+                        and ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name)
+                        is ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+                    )
+                ):
+                    continue
+
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=param.help)
+                    for name in [*param.opts, *param.secondary_opts]
+                    if name.startswith(incomplete)
+                )
+
+        while ctx.parent is not None:
+            ctx = ctx.parent
+
+            if isinstance(ctx.command, Group) and ctx.command.chain:
+                results.extend(
+                    CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+                    for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+                    if name not in ctx._protected_args
+                )
+
+        return results
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: t.Literal[True] = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.NoReturn: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = ...,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any: ...
+
+    def main(
+        self,
+        args: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        prog_name: str | None = None,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+        standalone_mode: bool = True,
+        windows_expand_args: bool = True,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        """This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and
+        whistles as a command line application.  This will always terminate
+        the application after a call.  If this is not wanted, ``SystemExit``
+        needs to be caught.
+
+        This method is also available by directly calling the instance of
+        a :class:`Command`.
+
+        :param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing.  If not
+                     provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used.
+        :param prog_name: the program name that should be used.  By default
+                          the program name is constructed by taking the file
+                          name from ``sys.argv[0]``.
+        :param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the
+                             bash completion support.  The default is
+                             ``"_<prog_name>_COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in
+                             uppercase.
+        :param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script
+                                in standalone mode.  Click will then
+                                handle exceptions and convert them into
+                                error messages and the function will never
+                                return but shut down the interpreter.  If
+                                this is set to `False` they will be
+                                propagated to the caller and the return
+                                value of this function is the return value
+                                of :meth:`invoke`.
+        :param windows_expand_args: Expand glob patterns, user dir, and
+            env vars in command line args on Windows.
+        :param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context
+                      constructor.  See :class:`Context` for more information.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Added the ``windows_expand_args`` parameter to allow
+            disabling command line arg expansion on Windows.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            When taking arguments from ``sys.argv`` on Windows, glob
+            patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+           Added the ``standalone_mode`` parameter.
+        """
+        if args is None:
+            args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+            if os.name == "nt" and windows_expand_args:
+                args = _expand_args(args)
+        else:
+            args = list(args)
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = _detect_program_name()
+
+        # Process shell completion requests and exit early.
+        self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx:
+                    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
+                    if not standalone_mode:
+                        return rv
+                    # it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here!
+                    # note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which
+                    # has obvious effects
+                    # more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of
+                    # chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not
+                    # even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure
+                    # by its truthiness/falsiness
+                    ctx.exit()
+            except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
+                echo(file=sys.stderr)
+                raise Abort() from e
+            except ClickException as e:
+                if not standalone_mode:
+                    raise
+                e.show()
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            except OSError as e:
+                if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
+                    sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout))
+                    sys.stderr = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr))
+                    sys.exit(1)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except Exit as e:
+            if standalone_mode:
+                sys.exit(e.exit_code)
+            else:
+                # in non-standalone mode, return the exit code
+                # note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises
+                # an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which
+                # would return its result
+                # the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be
+                # somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to
+                # `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to
+                # tell the difference between the two
+                return e.exit_code
+        except Abort:
+            if not standalone_mode:
+                raise
+            echo(_("Aborted!"), file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def _main_shell_completion(
+        self,
+        ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Check if the shell is asking for tab completion, process
+        that, then exit early. Called from :meth:`main` before the
+        program is invoked.
+
+        :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+        :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+            the completion instruction. Defaults to
+            ``_{PROG_NAME}_COMPLETE``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+            Dots (``.``) in ``prog_name`` are replaced with underscores (``_``).
+        """
+        if complete_var is None:
+            complete_name = prog_name.replace("-", "_").replace(".", "_")
+            complete_var = f"_{complete_name}_COMPLETE".upper()
+
+        instruction = os.environ.get(complete_var)
+
+        if not instruction:
+            return
+
+        from .shell_completion import shell_complete
+
+        rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
+        sys.exit(rv)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Alias for :meth:`main`."""
+        return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class _FakeSubclassCheck(type):
+    def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass: type) -> bool:
+        return issubclass(subclass, cls.__bases__[0])
+
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance: t.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(instance, cls.__bases__[0])
+
+
+class _BaseCommand(Command, metaclass=_FakeSubclassCheck):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0. Use ``Command`` instead.
+    """
+
+
+class Group(Command):
+    """A group is a command that nests other commands (or more groups).
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param commands: Map names to :class:`Command` objects. Can be a list, which
+        will use :attr:`Command.name` as the keys.
+    :param invoke_without_command: Invoke the group's callback even if a
+        subcommand is not given.
+    :param no_args_is_help: If no arguments are given, show the group's help and
+        exit. Defaults to the opposite of ``invoke_without_command``.
+    :param subcommand_metavar: How to represent the subcommand argument in help.
+        The default will represent whether ``chain`` is set or not.
+    :param chain: Allow passing more than one subcommand argument. After parsing
+        a command's arguments, if any arguments remain another command will be
+        matched, and so on.
+    :param result_callback: A function to call after the group's and
+        subcommand's callbacks. The value returned by the subcommand is passed.
+        If ``chain`` is enabled, the value will be a list of values returned by
+        all the commands. If ``invoke_without_command`` is enabled, the value
+        will be the value returned by the group's callback, or an empty list if
+        ``chain`` is enabled.
+    :param kwargs: Other arguments passed to :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        The ``commands`` argument can be a list of command objects.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Merged with and replaces the ``MultiCommand`` base class.
+    """
+
+    allow_extra_args = True
+    allow_interspersed_args = False
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`command` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Command` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subcommands use a custom command class.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    command_class: type[Command] | None = None
+
+    #: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`group` decorator
+    #: as the default :class:`Group` class. This is useful to make all
+    #: subgroups use a custom group class.
+    #:
+    #: If set to the special value :class:`type` (literally
+    #: ``group_class = type``), this group's class will be used as the
+    #: default class. This makes a custom group class continue to make
+    #: custom groups.
+    #:
+    #: .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    group_class: type[Group] | type[type] | None = None
+    # Literal[type] isn't valid, so use Type[type]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        commands: cabc.MutableMapping[str, Command]
+        | cabc.Sequence[Command]
+        | None = None,
+        invoke_without_command: bool = False,
+        no_args_is_help: bool | None = None,
+        subcommand_metavar: str | None = None,
+        chain: bool = False,
+        result_callback: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
+
+        if commands is None:
+            commands = {}
+        elif isinstance(commands, abc.Sequence):
+            commands = {c.name: c for c in commands if c.name is not None}
+
+        #: The registered subcommands by their exported names.
+        self.commands: cabc.MutableMapping[str, Command] = commands
+
+        if no_args_is_help is None:
+            no_args_is_help = not invoke_without_command
+
+        self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
+        self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command
+
+        if subcommand_metavar is None:
+            if chain:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..."
+            else:
+                subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
+
+        self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar
+        self.chain = chain
+        # The result callback that is stored. This can be set or
+        # overridden with the :func:`result_callback` decorator.
+        self._result_callback = result_callback
+
+        if self.chain:
+            for param in self.params:
+                if isinstance(param, Argument) and not param.required:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "A group in chain mode cannot have optional arguments."
+                    )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
+        commands = {}
+
+        for name in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            command = self.get_command(ctx, name)
+
+            if command is None:
+                continue
+
+            sub_ctx = ctx._make_sub_context(command)
+
+            with sub_ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
+                commands[name] = command.to_info_dict(sub_ctx)
+
+        info_dict.update(commands=commands, chain=self.chain)
+        return info_dict
+
+    def add_command(self, cmd: Command, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Registers another :class:`Command` with this group.  If the name
+        is not provided, the name of the command is used.
+        """
+        name = name or cmd.name
+        if name is None:
+            raise TypeError("Command has no name.")
+        _check_nested_chain(self, name, cmd, register=True)
+        self.commands[name] = cmd
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command]: ...
+
+    def command(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command] | Command:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` and
+        immediately registers the created command with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the command class used, set the
+        :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`command_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import command
+
+        func: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert len(args) == 1 and not kwargs, (
+                "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            )
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command:
+            cmd: Command = command(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Group: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Group]: ...
+
+    def group(
+        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Group] | Group:
+        """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to
+        the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` and
+        immediately registers the created group with this group by
+        calling :meth:`add_command`.
+
+        To customize the group class used, set the :attr:`group_class`
+        attribute.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+            This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the :attr:`group_class` attribute.
+        """
+        from .decorators import group
+
+        func: t.Callable[..., t.Any] | None = None
+
+        if args and callable(args[0]):
+            assert len(args) == 1 and not kwargs, (
+                "Use 'group(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+            )
+            (func,) = args
+            args = ()
+
+        if self.group_class is not None and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
+            if self.group_class is type:
+                kwargs["cls"] = type(self)
+            else:
+                kwargs["cls"] = self.group_class
+
+        def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Group:
+            cmd: Group = group(*args, **kwargs)(f)
+            self.add_command(cmd)
+            return cmd
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def result_callback(self, replace: bool = False) -> t.Callable[[F], F]:
+        """Adds a result callback to the command.  By default if a
+        result callback is already registered this will chain them but
+        this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter.  The result
+        callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand
+        (or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining
+        is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed
+        to the main callback.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @click.group()
+            @click.option('-i', '--input', default=23)
+            def cli(input):
+                return 42
+
+            @cli.result_callback()
+            def process_result(result, input):
+                return result + input
+
+        :param replace: if set to `True` an already existing result
+                        callback will be removed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Renamed from ``resultcallback``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f: F) -> F:
+            old_callback = self._result_callback
+
+            if old_callback is None or replace:
+                self._result_callback = f
+                return f
+
+            def function(value: t.Any, /, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                inner = old_callback(value, *args, **kwargs)
+                return f(inner, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            self._result_callback = rv = update_wrapper(t.cast(F, function), f)
+            return rv  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> Command | None:
+        """Given a context and a command name, this returns a :class:`Command`
+        object if it exists or returns ``None``.
+        """
+        return self.commands.get(cmd_name)
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        """Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should appear."""
+        return sorted(self.commands)
+
+    def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        rv = super().collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
+        rv.append(self.subcommand_metavar)
+        return rv
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        super().format_options(ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_commands(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def format_commands(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        """Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands
+        after the options.
+        """
+        commands = []
+        for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx):
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand)
+            # What is this, the tool lied about a command.  Ignore it
+            if cmd is None:
+                continue
+            if cmd.hidden:
+                continue
+
+            commands.append((subcommand, cmd))
+
+        # allow for 3 times the default spacing
+        if len(commands):
+            limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands)
+
+            rows = []
+            for subcommand, cmd in commands:
+                help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit)
+                rows.append((subcommand, help))
+
+            if rows:
+                with formatter.section(_("Commands")):
+                    formatter.write_dl(rows)
+
+    def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            raise NoArgsIsHelpError(ctx)
+
+        rest = super().parse_args(ctx, args)
+
+        if self.chain:
+            ctx._protected_args = rest
+            ctx.args = []
+        elif rest:
+            ctx._protected_args, ctx.args = rest[:1], rest[1:]
+
+        return ctx.args
+
+    def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        def _process_result(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            if self._result_callback is not None:
+                value = ctx.invoke(self._result_callback, value, **ctx.params)
+            return value
+
+        if not ctx._protected_args:
+            if self.invoke_without_command:
+                # No subcommand was invoked, so the result callback is
+                # invoked with the group return value for regular
+                # groups, or an empty list for chained groups.
+                with ctx:
+                    rv = super().invoke(ctx)
+                    return _process_result([] if self.chain else rv)
+            ctx.fail(_("Missing command."))
+
+        # Fetch args back out
+        args = [*ctx._protected_args, *ctx.args]
+        ctx.args = []
+        ctx._protected_args = []
+
+        # If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a
+        # single command but we also inform the current context about the
+        # name of the command to invoke.
+        if not self.chain:
+            # Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up
+            # resources until the result processor has worked.
+            with ctx:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name
+                super().invoke(ctx)
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx)
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+
+        # In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the
+        # base command has been invoked.  Because at that point we do not
+        # know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is
+        # set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed
+        # but nothing else.
+        with ctx:
+            ctx.invoked_subcommand = "*" if args else None
+            super().invoke(ctx)
+
+            # Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a
+            # chain.  In that case the return value to the result processor
+            # is the list of all invoked subcommand's results.
+            contexts = []
+            while args:
+                cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+                assert cmd is not None
+                sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
+                    cmd_name,
+                    args,
+                    parent=ctx,
+                    allow_extra_args=True,
+                    allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                )
+                contexts.append(sub_ctx)
+                args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, []
+
+            rv = []
+            for sub_ctx in contexts:
+                with sub_ctx:
+                    rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
+            return _process_result(rv)
+
+    def resolve_command(
+        self, ctx: Context, args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, Command | None, list[str]]:
+        cmd_name = make_str(args[0])
+
+        # Get the command
+        cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we can't find the command but there is a normalization
+        # function available, we try with that one.
+        if cmd is None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name)
+            cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        # If we don't find the command we want to show an error message
+        # to the user that it was not provided.  However, there is
+        # something else we should do: if the first argument looks like
+        # an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to
+        # resolve things like --help which now should go to the main
+        # place.
+        if cmd is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            if _split_opt(cmd_name)[0]:
+                self.parse_args(ctx, args)
+            raise NoSuchCommand(cmd_name, possibilities=self.commands, ctx=ctx)
+        return cmd_name if cmd else None, cmd, args[1:]
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
+        at the names of options, subcommands, and chained
+        multi-commands.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        results = [
+            CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
+            for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
+        ]
+        results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
+        return results
+
+
+class _MultiCommand(Group, metaclass=_FakeSubclassCheck):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0. Use ``Group`` instead.
+    """
+
+
+class CommandCollection(Group):
+    """A :class:`Group` that looks up subcommands on other groups. If a command
+    is not found on this group, each registered source is checked in order.
+    Parameters on a source are not added to this group, and a source's callback
+    is not invoked when invoking its commands. In other words, this "flattens"
+    commands in many groups into this one group.
+
+    :param name: The name of the group command.
+    :param sources: A list of :class:`Group` objects to look up commands from.
+    :param kwargs: Other arguments passed to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        This is a subclass of ``Group``. Commands are looked up first on this
+        group, then each of its sources.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        sources: list[Group] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
+        #: The list of registered groups.
+        self.sources: list[Group] = sources or []
+
+    def add_source(self, group: Group) -> None:
+        """Add a group as a source of commands."""
+        self.sources.append(group)
+
+    def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> Command | None:
+        rv = super().get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
+
+            if rv is not None:
+                if self.chain:
+                    _check_nested_chain(self, cmd_name, rv)
+
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        rv: set[str] = set(super().list_commands(ctx))
+
+        for source in self.sources:
+            rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx))
+
+        return sorted(rv)
+
+
+def _check_iter(value: t.Any) -> cabc.Iterator[t.Any]:
+    """Check if the value is iterable but not a string. Raises a type
+    error, or return an iterator over the value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        raise TypeError
+
+    return iter(value)
+
+
+class Parameter(ABC):
+    r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either
+    :class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s.  Other subclasses are currently
+    not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are
+    intentionally not finalized.
+
+    Some settings are supported by both options and arguments.
+
+    :param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or
+                        argument.  This is a list of flags or argument
+                        names.
+    :param type: the type that should be used.  Either a :class:`ParamType`
+                 or a Python type.  The latter is converted into the former
+                 automatically if supported.
+    :param required: controls if this is optional or not.
+    :param default: the default value if omitted.  This can also be a callable,
+                    in which case it's invoked when the default is needed
+                    without any arguments.
+    :param callback: A function to further process or validate the value
+        after type conversion. It is called as ``f(ctx, param, value)``
+        and must return the value. It is called for all sources,
+        including prompts.
+    :param nargs: the number of arguments to match.  If not ``1`` the return
+                  value is a tuple instead of single value.  The default for
+                  nargs is ``1`` (except if the type is a tuple, then it's
+                  the arity of the tuple). If ``nargs=-1``, all remaining
+                  parameters are collected.
+    :param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page.
+    :param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards
+                         to the command callback and stored on the context,
+                         otherwise it's skipped.
+    :param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones.  This
+                     should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the
+                     order of processing.
+    :param envvar: environment variable(s) that are used to provide a default value for
+        this parameter. This can be a string or a sequence of strings. If a sequence is
+        given, only the first non-empty environment variable is used for the parameter.
+    :param shell_complete: A function that returns custom shell
+        completions. Used instead of the param's type completion if
+        given. Takes ``ctx, param, incomplete`` and must return a list
+        of :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` or a list of
+        strings.
+    :param deprecated: If ``True`` or non-empty string, issues a message
+                        indicating that the argument is deprecated and highlights
+                        its deprecation in --help. The message can be customized
+                        by using a string as the value. A deprecated parameter
+                        cannot be required, a ValueError will be raised otherwise.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        Introduction of ``deprecated``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Adding duplicate parameter names to a :class:`~click.core.Command` will
+        result in a ``UserWarning`` being shown.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Adding duplicate parameter names to a :class:`~click.core.Command` will
+        result in a ``UserWarning`` being shown.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``process_value`` validates required parameters and bounded
+        ``nargs``, and invokes the parameter callback before returning
+        the value. This allows the callback to validate prompts.
+        ``full_process_value`` is removed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``autocompletion`` is renamed to ``shell_complete`` and has new
+        semantics described above. The old name is deprecated and will
+        be removed in 8.1, until then it will be wrapped to match the
+        new requirements.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        For ``multiple=True, nargs>1``, the default must be a list of
+        tuples.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Setting a default is no longer required for ``nargs>1``, it will
+        default to ``None``. ``multiple=True`` or ``nargs=-1`` will
+        default to ``()``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.1
+        Empty environment variables are ignored rather than taking the
+        empty string value. This makes it possible for scripts to clear
+        variables if they can't unset them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the
+        parameter. The old callback format will still work, but it will
+        raise a warning to give you a chance to migrate the code easier.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "parameter"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        type: types.ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        # XXX The default historically embed two concepts:
+        # - the declaration of a Parameter object carrying the default (handy to
+        #   arbitrage the default value of coupled Parameters sharing the same
+        #   self.name, like flag options),
+        # - and the actual value of the default.
+        # It is confusing and is the source of many issues discussed in:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030
+        # In the future, we might think of splitting it in two, not unlike
+        # Option.is_flag and Option.flag_value: we could have something like
+        # Parameter.is_default and Parameter.default_value.
+        default: t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None = UNSET,
+        callback: t.Callable[[Context, Parameter, t.Any], t.Any] | None = None,
+        nargs: int | None = None,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        metavar: str | None = None,
+        expose_value: bool = True,
+        is_eager: bool = False,
+        envvar: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        shell_complete: t.Callable[
+            [Context, Parameter, str], list[CompletionItem] | list[str]
+        ]
+        | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name: str
+        self.opts: list[str]
+        self.secondary_opts: list[str]
+        self.name, self.opts, self.secondary_opts = self._parse_decls(
+            param_decls or (), expose_value
+        )
+        self.type: types.ParamType[t.Any] = types.convert_type(type, default)
+
+        # Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that
+        # information available.
+        if nargs is None:
+            if self.type.is_composite:
+                nargs = self.type.arity
+            else:
+                nargs = 1
+
+        self.required = required
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.multiple = multiple
+        self.expose_value = expose_value
+        self.default: t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None = default
+        # Whether the user passed ``default`` explicitly to the constructor.
+        # Captured before any auto-derived default (like ``False`` for boolean
+        # flags in :class:`Option`) replaces the :data:`UNSET` sentinel, so it
+        # remains ``False`` when the default was inferred rather than chosen.
+        # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        self._default_explicit: bool = default is not UNSET
+        self.is_eager = is_eager
+        self.metavar = metavar
+        self.envvar = envvar
+        self._custom_shell_complete = shell_complete
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if self.type.is_composite and nargs != self.type.arity:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"'nargs' must be {self.type.arity} (or None) for"
+                    f" type {self.type!r}, but it was {nargs}."
+                )
+
+            if required and deprecated:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"The {self.param_type_name} '{self.human_readable_name}' "
+                    "is deprecated and still required. A deprecated "
+                    f"{self.param_type_name} cannot be required."
+                )
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.0
+            Returns ``None`` for the :attr:`default` if it was not set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "param_type_name": self.param_type_name,
+            "opts": self.opts,
+            "secondary_opts": self.secondary_opts,
+            "type": self.type.to_info_dict(),
+            "required": self.required,
+            "nargs": self.nargs,
+            "multiple": self.multiple,
+            # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we choose to
+            # make it an implementation detail. And because ``to_info_dict`` has been
+            # designed for documentation purposes, we return ``None`` instead.
+            "default": self.default if self.default is not UNSET else None,
+            "envvar": self.envvar,
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]: ...
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the human readable name of this parameter.  This is the
+        same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments.
+        """
+        return self.name
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+
+        metavar = self.type.get_metavar(param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        if metavar is None:
+            metavar = self.type.name.upper()
+
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            metavar += "..."
+
+        return metavar
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: t.Literal[True] = True
+    ) -> t.Any | None: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None: ...
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None:
+        """Get the default for the parameter. Tries
+        :meth:`Context.lookup_default` first, then the local default.
+
+        :param ctx: Current context.
+        :param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
+            return the callable instead.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.2
+            Type casting is no longer performed when getting a default.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+            Type casting can fail in resilient parsing mode. Invalid
+            defaults will not prevent showing help text.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Looks at ``ctx.default_map`` first.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``call`` parameter.
+        """
+        value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name, call=False)
+
+        if value is None and not ctx._default_map_has(self.name):
+            value = self.default
+
+        if call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None: ...
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        """Returns the parameter value produced by the parser.
+
+        If the parser did not produce a value from user input, the value is either
+        sourced from the environment variable, the default map, or the parameter's
+        default value. In that order of precedence.
+
+        If no value is found, an internal sentinel value is returned.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # Collect from the parse the value passed by the user to the CLI.
+        value = opts.get(self.name, UNSET)
+        # If the value is set, it means it was sourced from the command line by the
+        # parser, otherwise it left unset by default.
+        source = (
+            ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+            if value is not UNSET
+            else ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+        )
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            envvar_value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx)
+            if envvar_value is not None:
+                value = envvar_value
+                source = ParameterSource.ENVIRONMENT
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            default_map_value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name)
+            if default_map_value is not None or ctx._default_map_has(self.name):
+                value = default_map_value
+                source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+
+                # A string from default_map must be split for multi-value
+                # parameters, matching value_from_envvar behavior.
+                if isinstance(value, str) and self.nargs != 1:
+                    value = self.type.split_envvar_value(value)
+
+        if value is UNSET:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx)
+            if default_value is not UNSET:
+                value = default_value
+                source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def type_cast_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Convert and validate a value against the parameter's
+        :attr:`type`, :attr:`multiple`, and :attr:`nargs`.
+        """
+        if value is None:
+            if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1:
+                return ()
+            else:
+                return value
+
+        def check_iter(value: t.Any) -> cabc.Iterator[t.Any]:
+            try:
+                return _check_iter(value)
+            except TypeError:
+                # This should only happen when passing in args manually,
+                # the parser should construct an iterable when parsing
+                # the command line.
+                raise BadParameter(
+                    _("Value must be an iterable."), ctx=ctx, param=self
+                ) from None
+
+        # Define the conversion function based on nargs and type.
+
+        if self.nargs == 1 or self.type.is_composite:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+                return self.type(value, param=self, ctx=ctx)
+
+        elif self.nargs == -1:
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        else:  # nargs > 1
+
+            def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:  # tuple[t.Any, ...]
+                value = tuple(check_iter(value))
+
+                if len(value) != self.nargs:
+                    raise BadParameter(
+                        ngettext(
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but 1 was given.",
+                            "Takes {nargs} values but {len} were given.",
+                            len(value),
+                        ).format(nargs=self.nargs, len=len(value)),
+                        ctx=ctx,
+                        param=self,
+                    )
+
+                return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in value)
+
+        if self.multiple:
+            return tuple(convert(x) for x in check_iter(value))
+
+        return convert(value)
+
+    def value_is_missing(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+        """A value is considered missing if:
+
+        - it is :attr:`UNSET`,
+        - or if it is an empty sequence while the parameter is suppose to have
+          non-single value (i.e. :attr:`nargs` is not ``1`` or :attr:`multiple` is
+          set).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if value is UNSET:
+            return True
+
+        if (self.nargs != 1 or self.multiple) and value == ():
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        """Process the value of this parameter:
+
+        1. Type cast the value using :meth:`type_cast_value`.
+        2. Check if the value is missing (see: :meth:`value_is_missing`), and raise
+           :exc:`MissingParameter` if it is required.
+        3. If a :attr:`callback` is set, call it to have the value replaced by the
+           result of the callback. If the value was not set, the callback receive
+           ``None``. This keep the legacy behavior as it was before the introduction of
+           the :attr:`UNSET` sentinel.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # shelter `type_cast_value` from ever seeing an `UNSET` value by handling the
+        # cases in which `UNSET` gets special treatment explicitly at this layer
+        #
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3069
+        if value is UNSET:
+            if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1:
+                value = ()
+        else:
+            value = self.type_cast_value(ctx, value)
+
+        if self.required and self.value_is_missing(value):
+            raise MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self)
+
+        if self.callback is not None:
+            # Legacy case: UNSET is not exposed directly to the callback, but converted
+            # to None.
+            if value is UNSET:
+                value = None
+
+            # Search for parameters with UNSET values in the context.
+            unset_keys = {k: None for k, v in ctx.params.items() if v is UNSET}
+            # No UNSET values, call the callback as usual.
+            if not unset_keys:
+                value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+            # Legacy case: provide a temporarily manipulated context to the callback
+            # to hide UNSET values as None.
+            #
+            # Refs:
+            # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3136
+            # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3137
+            else:
+                # Add another layer to the context stack to clearly hint that the
+                # context is temporarily modified.
+                with ctx:
+                    # Update the context parameters to replace UNSET with None.
+                    ctx.params.update(unset_keys)
+                    # Feed these fake context parameters to the callback.
+                    value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+                    # Restore the UNSET values in the context parameters.
+                    ctx.params.update(
+                        {
+                            k: UNSET
+                            for k in unset_keys
+                            # Only restore keys that are present and still None, in case
+                            # the callback modified other parameters.
+                            if k in ctx.params and ctx.params[k] is None
+                        }
+                    )
+
+        return value
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the value found in the environment variable(s) attached to this
+        parameter.
+
+        Environment variables values are `always returned as strings
+        <https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.environ>`_.
+
+        This method returns ``None`` if:
+
+        - the :attr:`envvar` property is not set on the :class:`Parameter`,
+        - the environment variable is not found in the environment,
+        - the variable is found in the environment but its value is empty (i.e. the
+          environment variable is present but has an empty string).
+
+        If :attr:`envvar` is setup with multiple environment variables,
+        then only the first non-empty value is returned.
+
+        .. caution::
+
+            The raw value extracted from the environment is not normalized and is
+            returned as-is. Any normalization or reconciliation is performed later by
+            the :class:`Parameter`'s :attr:`type`.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        if not self.envvar:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.envvar, str):
+            rv = os.environ.get(self.envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+        else:
+            for envvar in self.envvar:
+                rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+                # Return the first non-empty value of the list of environment variables.
+                if rv:
+                    return rv
+                # Else, absence of value is interpreted as an environment variable that
+                # is not set, so proceed to the next one.
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None:
+        """Process the raw environment variable string for this parameter.
+
+        Returns the string as-is or splits it into a sequence of strings if the
+        parameter is expecting multiple values (i.e. its :attr:`nargs` property is set
+        to a value other than ``1``).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None and self.nargs != 1:
+            return self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def handle_parse_result(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, t.Any], args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, list[str]]:
+        """Process the value produced by the parser from user input.
+
+        Always process the value through the Parameter's :attr:`type`, wherever it
+        comes from.
+
+        If the parameter is deprecated, this method warn the user about it. But only if
+        the value has been explicitly set by the user (and as such, is not coming from
+        a default).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        # Capture the slot's existing state before we mutate
+        # ``_parameter_source`` so the write decision below can compare our
+        # incoming source against the source of the option that already wrote
+        # the slot (if any).
+        existing_value = ctx.params.get(self.name, UNSET)
+        existing_source = ctx.get_parameter_source(self.name)
+        existing_default_explicit = ctx._param_default_explicit.get(self.name, False)
+
+        with augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=self):
+            value, source = self.consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+            # Record the source before processing so eager callbacks and type
+            # conversion can inspect it. Restored after arbitration if this
+            # option loses a feature-switch group.
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, source)
+
+            # Display a deprecation warning if necessary.
+            if (
+                self.deprecated
+                and value is not UNSET
+                and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+            ):
+                message = _(
+                    "DeprecationWarning: The {param_type} {name!r} is deprecated."
+                    "{extra_message}"
+                ).format(
+                    param_type=self.param_type_name,
+                    name=self.human_readable_name,
+                    extra_message=_format_deprecated_suffix(self.deprecated),
+                )
+                echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
+
+            # Process the value through the parameter's type.
+            try:
+                value = self.process_value(ctx, value)
+            except Exception:
+                if not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                    raise
+                # In resilient parsing mode, we do not want to fail the command if the
+                # value is incompatible with the parameter type, so we reset the value
+                # to UNSET, which will be interpreted as a missing value.
+                value = UNSET
+
+        # Arbitrate the slot when several parameters target the same variable
+        # name (feature-switch groups). See: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3403
+        slot_empty = existing_value is UNSET
+        more_explicit = existing_source is not None and source < existing_source
+        same_source = existing_source is not None and source == existing_source
+        auto_would_downgrade_explicit = (
+            same_source
+            and source == ParameterSource.DEFAULT
+            and existing_default_explicit
+            and not self._default_explicit
+        )
+        is_winner = (
+            slot_empty
+            or more_explicit
+            or (same_source and not auto_would_downgrade_explicit)
+        )
+
+        if is_winner:
+            if self.expose_value:
+                ctx.params[self.name] = value
+                ctx._param_default_explicit[self.name] = self._default_explicit
+        elif existing_source is not None:
+            # Lost arbitration; restore the winning option's source.
+            ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, existing_source)
+        # else: ctx.params[self.name] was populated by code that bypassed
+        # handle_parse_result (from another option's callback for example). Keep
+        # the provisional source recorded before process_value so downstream
+        # lookups don't return ``None``.
+
+        return value, args
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        return None
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to
+        indicate which param caused the error.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+            ``ctx`` can be ``None``.
+        """
+        hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name]
+        return " / ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in hint_list)
+
+    def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. If a
+        ``shell_complete`` function was given during init, it is used.
+        Otherwise, the :attr:`type`
+        :meth:`~click.types.ParamType[t.Any].shell_complete` function is used.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        if self._custom_shell_complete is not None:
+            results = self._custom_shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+            if results and isinstance(results[0], str):
+                from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+                results = [CompletionItem(c) for c in results]
+
+            return t.cast("list[CompletionItem]", results)
+
+        return self.type.shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
+
+
+class Option(Parameter):
+    """Options are usually optional values on the command line and
+    have some extra features that arguments don't have.
+
+    All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
+
+    :param show_default: Show the default value for this option in its
+        help text. Values are not shown by default, unless
+        :attr:`Context.show_default` is ``True``. If this value is a
+        string, it shows that string in parentheses instead of the
+        actual value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options.
+        For single option boolean flags, the default remains hidden if
+        its value is ``False``.
+    :param show_envvar: Controls if an environment variable should be
+        shown on the help page and error messages.
+        Normally, environment variables are not shown.
+    :param prompt: If set to ``True`` or a non empty string then the
+        user will be prompted for input. If set to ``True`` the prompt
+        will be the option name capitalized. A deprecated option cannot be
+        prompted.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value if it was prompted for. Can be set to a string instead of
+        ``True`` to customize the message.
+    :param prompt_required: If set to ``False``, the user will be
+        prompted for input only when the option was specified as a flag
+        without a value.
+    :param hide_input: If this is ``True`` then the input on the prompt
+        will be hidden from the user. This is useful for password input.
+    :param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag.  The default is
+                    auto detection.
+    :param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's
+                       enabled.  This is set to a boolean automatically if
+                       the option string contains a slash to mark two options.
+    :param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted
+                     multiple times and recorded.  This is similar to ``nargs``
+                     in how it works but supports arbitrary number of
+                     arguments.
+    :param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer.
+    :param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this
+                               parameter will be pulled from an environment
+                               variable in case a prefix is defined on the
+                               context.
+    :param help: the help string.
+    :param hidden: hide this option from help outputs.
+    :param attrs: Other command arguments described in :class:`Parameter`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Non-basic ``flag_value`` types (not ``str``, ``int``, ``float``, or
+        ``bool``) are passed through unchanged instead of being stringified.
+        Previously, ``type=click.UNPROCESSED`` was required to preserve them.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``envvar`` used with ``flag_value`` will always use the ``flag_value``,
+        previously it would use the value of the environment variable.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Help text indentation is cleaned here instead of only in the
+        ``@option`` decorator.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``show_default`` parameter overrides
+        ``Context.show_default``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The default of a single option boolean flag is not shown if the
+        default value is ``False``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
+        ``type`` is detected from ``flag_value`` if given, for basic Python
+        types (``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``bool``).
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "option"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | str | None = None,
+        prompt: bool | str = False,
+        confirmation_prompt: bool | str = False,
+        prompt_required: bool = True,
+        hide_input: bool = False,
+        is_flag: bool | None = None,
+        flag_value: t.Any = UNSET,
+        multiple: bool = False,
+        count: bool = False,
+        allow_from_autoenv: bool = True,
+        type: types.ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        show_envvar: bool = False,
+        deprecated: bool | str = False,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if help:
+            help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            param_decls, type=type, multiple=multiple, deprecated=deprecated, **attrs
+        )
+
+        if prompt is True:
+            if not self.name:
+                raise TypeError("'name' is required with 'prompt=True'.")
+
+            prompt_text: str | None = self.name.replace("_", " ").capitalize()
+        elif prompt is False:
+            prompt_text = None
+        else:
+            prompt_text = prompt
+
+        if deprecated:
+            label = _format_deprecated_label(deprecated)
+            help = f"{help} {label}" if help is not None else label
+
+        self.prompt = prompt_text
+        self.confirmation_prompt = confirmation_prompt
+        self.prompt_required = prompt_required
+        self.hide_input = hide_input
+        self.hidden = hidden
+
+        # The _flag_needs_value property tells the parser that this option is a flag
+        # that cannot be used standalone and needs a value. With this information, the
+        # parser can determine whether to consider the next user-provided argument in
+        # the CLI as a value for this flag or as a new option.
+        # If prompt is enabled but not required, then it opens the possibility for the
+        # option to gets its value from the user.
+        self._flag_needs_value = self.prompt is not None and not self.prompt_required
+
+        # Auto-detect if this is a flag or not.
+        if is_flag is None:
+            # Implicitly a flag because flag_value was set.
+            if flag_value is not UNSET:
+                is_flag = True
+            # Not a flag, but when used as a flag it shows a prompt.
+            elif self._flag_needs_value:
+                is_flag = False
+            # Implicitly a flag because secondary options names were given.
+            elif self.secondary_opts:
+                is_flag = True
+
+        # The option is explicitly not a flag, but to determine whether or not it needs
+        # value, we need to check if `flag_value` or `default` was set. Either one is
+        # sufficient.
+        # Ref: https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3084
+        elif is_flag is False and not self._flag_needs_value:
+            self._flag_needs_value = flag_value is not UNSET or self.default is UNSET
+
+        if is_flag:
+            # Set missing default for flags if not explicitly required or prompted.
+            if self.default is UNSET and not self.required and not self.prompt:
+                if multiple:
+                    self.default = ()
+
+            # Auto-detect the type of the flag based on the flag_value.
+            if type is None:
+                # A flag without a flag_value is a boolean flag.
+                if flag_value is UNSET:
+                    self.type: types.ParamType[t.Any] = types.BoolParamType()
+                # If the flag value is a boolean, use BoolParamType.
+                elif isinstance(flag_value, bool):
+                    self.type = types.BoolParamType()
+                # Otherwise, guess the type from the flag value.
+                else:
+                    guessed = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
+                    if (
+                        isinstance(guessed, types.StringParamType)
+                        and not isinstance(flag_value, str)
+                        and flag_value is not None
+                    ):
+                        # The flag_value type couldn't be auto-detected
+                        # (not str, int, float, or bool). Since flag_value
+                        # is a programmer-provided Python object, not CLI
+                        # input, pass it through unchanged instead of
+                        # stringifying it.
+                        self.type = types.UNPROCESSED
+                    else:
+                        self.type = guessed
+
+        self.is_flag: bool = bool(is_flag)
+        self.is_bool_flag: bool = bool(
+            is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
+        )
+        self.flag_value: t.Any = flag_value
+
+        # Set boolean flag default to False if unset and not required.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            if self.default is UNSET and not self.required:
+                self.default = False
+
+        # The alignment of default to the flag_value is resolved lazily in
+        # get_default() to prevent callable flag_values (like classes) from
+        # being instantiated. Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3121
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3024#issuecomment-3146199461
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030/commits/06847da
+
+        # Set the default flag_value if it is not set.
+        if self.flag_value is UNSET:
+            if self.is_flag:
+                self.flag_value = True
+            else:
+                self.flag_value = None
+
+        # Counting.
+        self.count = count
+        if count:
+            if type is None:
+                self.type = types.IntRange(min=0)
+            if self.default is UNSET:
+                self.default = 0
+
+        self.allow_from_autoenv = allow_from_autoenv
+        self.help = help
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+        self.show_envvar = show_envvar
+
+        if __debug__:
+            if deprecated and prompt:
+                raise ValueError("`deprecated` options cannot use `prompt`.")
+
+            if self.nargs == -1:
+                raise TypeError("nargs=-1 is not supported for options.")
+
+            if not self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                raise TypeError("Secondary flag is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.hide_input and self.prompt is not None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "'prompt' with 'hide_input' is not valid for boolean flag."
+                )
+
+            if self.count:
+                if self.multiple:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'multiple'.")
+
+                if self.is_flag:
+                    raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'is_flag'.")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.0
+            Returns ``None`` for the :attr:`flag_value` if it was not set.
+        """
+        info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
+        info_dict.update(
+            help=self.help,
+            prompt=self.prompt,
+            is_flag=self.is_flag,
+            # We explicitly hide the :attr:`UNSET` value to the user, as we choose to
+            # make it an implementation detail. And because ``to_info_dict`` has been
+            # designed for documentation purposes, we return ``None`` instead.
+            flag_value=self.flag_value if self.flag_value is not UNSET else None,
+            count=self.count,
+            hidden=self.hidden,
+        )
+        return info_dict
+
+    def get_default(
+        self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
+    ) -> t.Any | t.Callable[[], t.Any] | None:
+        """Return the default value for this option.
+
+        For non-boolean flag options, ``default=True`` is treated as a sentinel
+        meaning "activate this flag by default" and is resolved to
+        :attr:`flag_value`.  For example, with ``--upper/--lower`` feature
+        switches where ``flag_value="upper"`` and ``default=True``, the default
+        resolves to ``"upper"``.
+
+        .. caution::
+            This substitution only applies to non-boolean flags
+            (:attr:`is_bool_flag` is ``False``). For boolean flags, ``True`` is
+            a legitimate Python value and ``default=True`` is returned as-is.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+            ``default=True`` is no longer substituted with ``flag_value`` for
+            boolean flags, fixing negative boolean flags like
+            ``flag_value=False, default=True``.
+        """
+        value = super().get_default(ctx, call=False)
+
+        # Resolve default=True to flag_value lazily (here instead of
+        # __init__) to prevent callable flag_values (like classes) from
+        # being instantiated by the callable check below.
+        if value is True and self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            value = self.flag_value
+        elif call and callable(value):
+            value = value()
+
+        return value
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        result = super().get_error_hint(ctx)
+        if self.show_envvar and self.envvar is not None:
+            result += f" (env var: '{self.envvar}')"
+        return result
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]:
+        opts = []
+        secondary_opts = []
+        name = None
+        possible_names = []
+
+        for decl in decls:
+            if decl.isidentifier():
+                if name is not None:
+                    raise TypeError(_("Name '{name}' defined twice").format(name=name))
+                name = decl
+            else:
+                split_char = ";" if decl[:1] == "/" else "/"
+                if split_char in decl:
+                    first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1)
+                    first = first.rstrip()
+                    if first:
+                        possible_names.append(_split_opt(first))
+                        opts.append(first)
+                    second = second.lstrip()
+                    if second:
+                        secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip())
+                    if first == second:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            _(
+                                "Boolean option {decl!r} cannot use the"
+                                " same flag for true/false."
+                            ).format(decl=decl)
+                        )
+                else:
+                    possible_names.append(_split_opt(decl))
+                    opts.append(decl)
+
+        if name is None and possible_names:
+            possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0]))  # group long options first
+            name = possible_names[0][1].replace("-", "_").lower()
+            if not name.isidentifier():
+                name = None
+
+        if name is None:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return "", opts, secondary_opts
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "Could not determine name for option with declarations {decls!r}"
+                ).format(decls=decls)
+            )
+
+        if not opts and not secondary_opts:
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "No options defined but a name was passed ({name})."
+                    " Did you mean to declare an argument instead? Did"
+                    " you mean to pass '--{name}'?"
+                ).format(name=name)
+            )
+
+        return name, opts, secondary_opts
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        if self.multiple:
+            action = "append"
+        elif self.count:
+            action = "count"
+        else:
+            action = "store"
+
+        if self.is_flag:
+            action = f"{action}_const"
+
+            if self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self, opts=self.opts, dest=self.name, action=action, const=True
+                )
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.secondary_opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=False,
+                )
+            else:
+                parser.add_option(
+                    obj=self,
+                    opts=self.opts,
+                    dest=self.name,
+                    action=action,
+                    const=self.flag_value,
+                )
+        else:
+            parser.add_option(
+                obj=self,
+                opts=self.opts,
+                dest=self.name,
+                action=action,
+                nargs=self.nargs,
+            )
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return None
+
+        any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+        def _write_opts(opts: cabc.Sequence[str]) -> str:
+            nonlocal any_prefix_is_slash
+
+            rv, any_slashes = join_options(opts)
+
+            if any_slashes:
+                any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+            if not self.is_flag and not self.count:
+                rv += f" {self.make_metavar(ctx=ctx)}"
+
+            return rv
+
+        rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)]
+
+        if self.secondary_opts:
+            rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
+
+        help = self.help or ""
+
+        extra = self.get_help_extra(ctx)
+        extra_items = []
+        if "envvars" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(
+                _("env var: {var}").format(var=", ".join(extra["envvars"]))
+            )
+        if "default" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=extra["default"]))
+        if "range" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(extra["range"])
+        if "required" in extra:
+            extra_items.append(_(extra["required"]))
+
+        if extra_items:
+            extra_str = "; ".join(extra_items)
+            help = f"{help}  [{extra_str}]" if help else f"[{extra_str}]"
+
+        return ("; " if any_prefix_is_slash else " / ").join(rv), help
+
+    def get_help_extra(self, ctx: Context) -> types.OptionHelpExtra:
+        extra: types.OptionHelpExtra = {}
+
+        if self.show_envvar:
+            envvar = self.envvar
+
+            if envvar is None:
+                if (
+                    self.allow_from_autoenv
+                    and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
+                    and self.name
+                ):
+                    envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+
+            if envvar is not None:
+                if isinstance(envvar, str):
+                    extra["envvars"] = (envvar,)
+                else:
+                    extra["envvars"] = tuple(str(d) for d in envvar)
+
+        # Temporarily enable resilient parsing to avoid type casting
+        # failing for the default. Might be possible to extend this to
+        # help formatting in general.
+        resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ctx.resilient_parsing = True
+
+        try:
+            default_value = self.get_default(ctx, call=False)
+        finally:
+            ctx.resilient_parsing = resilient
+
+        show_default = False
+        show_default_is_str = False
+
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.show_default, str):
+                show_default_is_str = show_default = True
+            else:
+                show_default = self.show_default
+        elif ctx.show_default is not None:
+            show_default = ctx.show_default
+
+        if show_default_is_str or (
+            show_default and (default_value not in (None, UNSET))
+        ):
+            if show_default_is_str:
+                default_string = f"({self.show_default})"
+            elif isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
+                default_string = ", ".join(str(d) for d in default_value)
+            elif isinstance(default_value, enum.Enum):
+                default_string = default_value.name
+            elif inspect.isfunction(default_value):
+                default_string = _("(dynamic)")
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
+                # For boolean flags that have distinct True/False opts,
+                # use the opt without prefix instead of the value.
+                default_string = _split_opt(
+                    (self.opts if default_value else self.secondary_opts)[0]
+                )[1]
+            elif self.is_bool_flag and not self.secondary_opts and not default_value:
+                default_string = ""
+            elif isinstance(default_value, str) and default_value == "":
+                default_string = '""'
+            else:
+                default_string = str(default_value)
+
+            if default_string:
+                extra["default"] = default_string
+
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase)
+            # skip count with default range type
+            and not (self.count and self.type.min == 0 and self.type.max is None)
+        ):
+            range_str = self.type._describe_range()
+
+            if range_str:
+                extra["range"] = range_str
+
+        if self.required:
+            extra["required"] = "required"
+
+        return extra
+
+    def prompt_for_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full
+        value processing if a value does not exist.  It will prompt the
+        user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed
+        value as result.
+        """
+        assert self.prompt is not None
+
+        # Calculate the default before prompting anything to lock in the value before
+        # attempting any user interaction.
+        default = self.get_default(ctx)
+
+        # A boolean flag can use a simplified [y/n] confirmation prompt.
+        if self.is_bool_flag:
+            # If we have no boolean default, we force the user to explicitly provide
+            # one.
+            if default in (UNSET, None):
+                default = None
+            # Nothing prevent you to declare an option that is simultaneously:
+            # 1) auto-detected as a boolean flag,
+            # 2) allowed to prompt, and
+            # 3) still declare a non-boolean default.
+            # This forced casting into a boolean is necessary to align any non-boolean
+            # default to the prompt, which is going to be a [y/n]-style confirmation
+            # because the option is still a boolean flag. That way, instead of [y/n],
+            # we get [Y/n] or [y/N] depending on the truthy value of the default.
+            # Refs: https://github.com/pallets/click/pull/3030#discussion_r2289180249
+            else:
+                default = bool(default)
+            return confirm(self.prompt, default)
+
+        # If show_default is given, provide this to `prompt` as well,
+        # otherwise we use `prompt`'s default behavior
+        prompt_kwargs: t.Any = {}
+        if self.show_default is not None:
+            prompt_kwargs["show_default"] = self.show_default
+
+        return prompt(
+            self.prompt,
+            # Use ``None`` to inform the prompt() function to reiterate until a valid
+            # value is provided by the user if we have no default.
+            default=None if default is UNSET else default,
+            type=self.type,
+            hide_input=self.hide_input,
+            show_choices=self.show_choices,
+            confirmation_prompt=self.confirmation_prompt,
+            value_proc=lambda x: self.process_value(ctx, x),
+            **prompt_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """:class:`Option` resolves its environment variable the same way as
+        :func:`Parameter.resolve_envvar_value`, but it also supports
+        :attr:`Context.auto_envvar_prefix`. If we could not find an environment from
+        the :attr:`envvar` property, we fallback on :attr:`Context.auto_envvar_prefix`
+        to build dynamiccaly the environment variable name using the
+        :python:`{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}` template.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = super().resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        if self.allow_from_autoenv and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None and self.name:
+            envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
+            rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
+
+            if rv:
+                return rv
+
+        return None
+
+    def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
+        """For :class:`Option`, this method processes the raw environment variable
+        string the same way as :func:`Parameter.value_from_envvar` does.
+
+        But in the case of non-boolean flags, the value is analyzed to determine if the
+        flag is activated or not, and returns a boolean of its activation, or the
+        :attr:`flag_value` if the latter is set.
+
+        This method also takes care of repeated options (i.e. options with
+        :attr:`multiple` set to ``True``).
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
+
+        # Absent environment variable or an empty string is interpreted as unset.
+        if rv is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Non-boolean flags are more liberal in what they accept. But a flag being a
+        # flag, its envvar value still needs to be analyzed to determine if the flag is
+        # activated or not.
+        if self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
+            # If the flag_value is set and match the envvar value, return it
+            # directly.
+            if self.flag_value is not UNSET and rv == self.flag_value:
+                return self.flag_value
+            # Analyze the envvar value as a boolean to know if the flag is
+            # activated or not.
+            return types.BoolParamType.str_to_bool(rv)
+
+        # Split the envvar value if it is allowed to be repeated.
+        value_depth = (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple)
+        if value_depth > 0:
+            multi_rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
+            if self.multiple and self.nargs != 1:
+                multi_rv = batch(multi_rv, self.nargs)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            return multi_rv
+
+        return rv
+
+    def consume_value(
+        self, ctx: Context, opts: cabc.Mapping[str, Parameter]
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
+        """For :class:`Option`, the value can be collected from an interactive prompt
+        if the option is a flag that needs a value (and the :attr:`prompt` property is
+        set).
+
+        Additionally, this method handles flag option that are activated without a
+        value, in which case the :attr:`flag_value` is returned.
+
+        :meta private:
+        """
+        value, source = super().consume_value(ctx, opts)
+
+        # The parser will emit a sentinel value if the option is allowed to as a flag
+        # without a value.
+        if value is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE:
+            # If the option allows for a prompt, we start an interaction with the user.
+            if self.prompt is not None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+                source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+            # Else the flag takes its flag_value as value.
+            else:
+                value = self.flag_value
+                source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # A flag which is activated always returns the flag value, unless the value
+        # comes from the explicitly sets default.
+        elif (
+            self.is_flag
+            and value is True
+            and not self.is_bool_flag
+            and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+        ):
+            value = self.flag_value
+
+        # Re-interpret a multiple option which has been sent as-is by the parser.
+        # Here we replace each occurrence of value-less flags (marked by the
+        # FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE sentinel) with the flag_value.
+        elif (
+            self.multiple
+            and value is not UNSET
+            and isinstance(value, cabc.Iterable)
+            and source < ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
+            and any(v is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE for v in value)
+        ):
+            value = [self.flag_value if v is FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE else v for v in value]
+            source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+
+        # The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt for one to the user
+        # if prompting is enabled.
+        elif (
+            (value is UNSET or source >= ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP)
+            and self.prompt is not None
+            and (self.required or self.prompt_required)
+            and not ctx.resilient_parsing
+        ):
+            value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
+            source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
+
+        return value, source
+
+    def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        # process_value has to be overridden on Options in order to capture
+        # `value == UNSET` cases before `type_cast_value()` gets called.
+        #
+        # Refs:
+        # https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/3069
+        if self.is_flag and not self.required and self.is_bool_flag and value is UNSET:
+            value = False
+
+            if self.callback is not None:
+                value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
+
+            return value
+
+        # in the normal case, rely on Parameter.process_value
+        return super().process_value(ctx, value)
+
+
+class Argument(Parameter):
+    """Arguments are positional parameters to a command.  They generally
+    provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs``
+    and are required by default.
+
+    All parameters are passed onwards to the constructor of :class:`Parameter`.
+    """
+
+    param_type_name = "argument"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        required: bool | None = None,
+        **attrs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Auto-detect the requirement status of the argument if not explicitly set.
+        if required is None:
+            # The argument gets automatically required if it has no explicit default
+            # value set and is setup to match at least one value.
+            if attrs.get("default", UNSET) is UNSET:
+                required = attrs.get("nargs", 1) > 0
+            # If the argument has a default value, it is not required.
+            else:
+                required = False
+
+        if "multiple" in attrs:
+            raise TypeError("__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'multiple'.")
+
+        super().__init__(param_decls, required=required, **attrs)
+
+    @property
+    def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        return self.name.upper()
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            return self.metavar
+        var = self.type.get_metavar(param=self, ctx=ctx)
+        if not var:
+            var = self.name.upper()
+        if self.deprecated:
+            var += "!"
+        if not self.required:
+            var = f"[{var}]"
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            var += "..."
+        return var
+
+    def _parse_decls(
+        self, decls: cabc.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]:
+        if not decls:
+            if not expose_value:
+                return "", [], []
+            raise TypeError("Argument is marked as exposed, but does not have a name.")
+        if len(decls) == 1:
+            name = arg = decls[0]
+            name = name.replace("-", "_").lower()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                _(
+                    "Arguments take exactly one parameter declaration, got"
+                    " {length}: {decls}."
+                ).format(length=len(decls), decls=decls)
+            )
+        return name, [arg], []
+
+    def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> list[str]:
+        return [self.make_metavar(ctx)]
+
+    def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        if ctx is not None:
+            return f"'{self.make_metavar(ctx)}'"
+        return f"'{self.human_readable_name}'"
+
+    def add_to_parser(self, parser: _OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        parser.add_argument(dest=self.name, nargs=self.nargs, obj=self)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name == "BaseCommand":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'BaseCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Command' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _BaseCommand
+
+    if name == "MultiCommand":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "'MultiCommand' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0. Use"
+            " 'Group' instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return _MultiCommand
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14aee42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .globals import get_current_context
+from .utils import echo
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+T = t.TypeVar("T")
+_AnyCallable = t.Callable[..., t.Any]
+FC = t.TypeVar("FC", bound="_AnyCallable | Command")
+
+
+def pass_context(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[Context, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+    """Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context
+    object as first argument.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def pass_obj(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+    """Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the
+    context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`).  This is useful if that object
+    represents the state of a nested system.
+    """
+
+    def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+        return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+
+def make_pass_decorator(
+    object_type: type[T], ensure: bool = False
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]:
+    """Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work
+    similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the
+    current context, it will find the innermost context of type
+    :func:`object_type`.
+
+    This generates a decorator that works roughly like this::
+
+        from functools import update_wrapper
+
+        def decorator(f):
+            @pass_context
+            def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs):
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+                return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+            return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+        return decorator
+
+    :param object_type: the type of the object to pass.
+    :param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and
+                   remembered on the context if it's not there yet.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+        def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+
+            obj: T | None
+            if ensure:
+                obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type)
+            else:
+                obj = ctx.find_object(object_type)
+
+            if obj is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Managed to invoke callback without a context"
+                    f" object of type {object_type.__name__!r}"
+                    " existing."
+                )
+
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def pass_meta_key(
+    key: str, *, doc_description: str | None = None
+) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]], t.Callable[P, R]]:
+    """Create a decorator that passes a key from
+    :attr:`click.Context.meta` as the first argument to the decorated
+    function.
+
+    :param key: Key in ``Context.meta`` to pass.
+    :param doc_description: Description of the object being passed,
+        inserted into the decorator's docstring. Defaults to "the 'key'
+        key from Context.meta".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    def decorator(f: t.Callable[te.Concatenate[T, P], R]) -> t.Callable[P, R]:
+        def new_func(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            ctx = get_current_context()
+            obj = ctx.meta[key]
+            return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return update_wrapper(new_func, f)
+
+    if doc_description is None:
+        doc_description = f"the {key!r} key from :attr:`click.Context.meta`"
+
+    decorator.__doc__ = (
+        f"Decorator that passes {doc_description} as the first argument"
+        " to the decorated function."
+    )
+    return decorator
+
+
+CmdType = t.TypeVar("CmdType", bound=Command)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def command(name: _AnyCallable) -> Command: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @command(namearg, CommandCls, ...) or @command(namearg, cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: str | None,
+    cls: type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @command(cls=CommandCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: type[CmdType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], CmdType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def command(
+    name: str | None = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command]: ...
+
+
+def command(
+    name: str | _AnyCallable | None = None,
+    cls: type[CmdType] | None = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> Command | t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Command | CmdType]:
+    r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as
+    callback.  This will also automatically attach all decorated
+    :func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command.
+
+    The name of the command defaults to the name of the function, converted to
+    lowercase, with underscores ``_`` replaced by dashes ``-``, and the suffixes
+    ``_command``, ``_cmd``, ``_group``, and ``_grp`` are removed. For example,
+    ``init_data_command`` becomes ``init-data``.
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class.
+    For the ``params`` argument, any decorated params are appended to
+    the end of the list.
+
+    Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance
+    that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a
+    command :class:`Group`.
+
+    :param name: The name of the command. Defaults to modifying the function's
+        name as described above.
+    :param cls: The command class to create. Defaults to :class:`Command`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        The suffixes ``_command``, ``_cmd``, ``_group``, and ``_grp`` are
+        removed when generating the name.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        The ``params`` argument can be used. Decorated params are
+        appended to the end of the list.
+    """
+
+    func: t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], t.Any] | None = None
+
+    if callable(name):
+        func = name
+        name = None
+        assert cls is None, "Use 'command(cls=cls)(callable)' to specify a class."
+        assert not attrs, "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
+
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[CmdType]", Command)
+
+    def decorator(f: _AnyCallable) -> CmdType:
+        if isinstance(f, Command):
+            raise TypeError("Attempted to convert a callback into a command twice.")
+
+        attr_params = attrs.pop("params", None)
+        params = attr_params if attr_params is not None else []
+
+        try:
+            decorator_params = f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            del f.__click_params__  # type: ignore
+            params.extend(reversed(decorator_params))
+
+        if attrs.get("help") is None:
+            attrs["help"] = f.__doc__
+
+        if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+            assert cls is not None
+            assert not callable(name)
+
+        if name is not None:
+            cmd_name = name
+        else:
+            cmd_name = f.__name__.lower().replace("_", "-")
+            cmd_left, sep, suffix = cmd_name.rpartition("-")
+
+            if sep and suffix in {"command", "cmd", "group", "grp"}:
+                cmd_name = cmd_left
+
+        cmd = cls(name=cmd_name, callback=f, params=params, **attrs)
+        cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+        return cmd
+
+    if func is not None:
+        return decorator(func)
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+GrpType = t.TypeVar("GrpType", bound=Group)
+
+
+# variant: no call, directly as decorator for a function.
+@t.overload
+def group(name: _AnyCallable) -> Group: ...
+
+
+# variant: with positional name and with positional or keyword cls argument:
+# @group(namearg, GroupCls, ...) or @group(namearg, cls=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: str | None,
+    cls: type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: name omitted, cls _must_ be a keyword argument, @group(cmd=GroupCls, ...)
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: None = None,
+    *,
+    cls: type[GrpType],
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], GrpType]: ...
+
+
+# variant: with optional string name, no cls argument provided.
+@t.overload
+def group(
+    name: str | None = ..., cls: None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group]: ...
+
+
+def group(
+    name: str | _AnyCallable | None = None,
+    cls: type[GrpType] | None = None,
+    **attrs: t.Any,
+) -> Group | t.Callable[[_AnyCallable], Group | GrpType]:
+    """Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback.  This
+    works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls`
+    parameter is set to :class:`Group`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = t.cast("type[GrpType]", Group)
+
+    if callable(name):
+        return command(cls=cls, **attrs)(name)
+
+    return command(name, cls, **attrs)
+
+
+def _param_memo(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any], param: Parameter) -> None:
+    if isinstance(f, Command):
+        f.params.append(param)
+    else:
+        if not hasattr(f, "__click_params__"):
+            f.__click_params__ = []  # type: ignore
+
+        f.__click_params__.append(param)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def argument(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: type[Argument] | None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an argument to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default argument class, refer to :class:`Argument` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the argument class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Argument`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Argument
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def option(
+    *param_decls: str, cls: type[Option] | None = None, **attrs: t.Any
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Attaches an option to the command.  All positional arguments are
+    passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword
+    arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``).
+    This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually
+    and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list.
+
+    For the default option class, refer to :class:`Option` and
+    :class:`Parameter` for descriptions of parameters.
+
+    :param cls: the option class to instantiate.  This defaults to
+                :class:`Option`.
+    :param param_decls: Passed as positional arguments to the constructor of
+        ``cls``.
+    :param attrs: Passed as keyword arguments to the constructor of ``cls``.
+    """
+    if cls is None:
+        cls = Option
+
+    def decorator(f: FC) -> FC:
+        _param_memo(f, cls(param_decls, **attrs))
+        return f
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def confirmation_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--yes`` option which shows a prompt before continuing if
+    not passed. If the prompt is declined, the program will exit.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--yes"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value:
+            ctx.abort()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--yes",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", callback)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", _("Do you want to continue?"))
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Confirm the action without prompting."))
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def password_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--password`` option which prompts for a password, hiding
+    input and asking to enter the value again for confirmation.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--password"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--password",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("confirmation_prompt", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("hide_input", True)
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def version_option(
+    version: str | None = None,
+    *param_decls: str,
+    package_name: str | None = None,
+    prog_name: str | None = None,
+    message: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: t.Any,
+) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Add a ``--version`` option which immediately prints the version
+    number and exits the program.
+
+    If ``version`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it using
+    :func:`importlib.metadata.version` to get the version for the
+    ``package_name``.
+
+    If ``package_name`` is not provided, Click will try to detect it by
+    inspecting the stack frames. This will be used to detect the
+    version, so it must match the name of the installed package.
+
+    :param version: The version number to show. If not provided, Click
+        will try to detect it.
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--version"``.
+    :param package_name: The package name to detect the version from. If
+        not provided, Click will try to detect it.
+    :param prog_name: The name of the CLI to show in the message. If not
+        provided, it will be detected from the command.
+    :param message: The message to show. The values ``%(prog)s``,
+        ``%(package)s``, and ``%(version)s`` are available. Defaults to
+        ``"%(prog)s, version %(version)s"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    :raise RuntimeError: ``version`` could not be detected.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Add the ``package_name`` parameter, and the ``%(package)s``
+        value for messages.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Use :mod:`importlib.metadata` instead of ``pkg_resources``. The
+        version is detected based on the package name, not the entry
+        point name. The Python package name must match the installed
+        package name, or be passed with ``package_name=``.
+    """
+    if message is None:
+        message = _("%(prog)s, version %(version)s")
+
+    if version is None and package_name is None:
+        frame = inspect.currentframe()
+        f_back = frame.f_back if frame is not None else None
+        f_globals = f_back.f_globals if f_back is not None else None
+        # break reference cycle
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack
+        del frame
+
+        if f_globals is not None:
+            package_name = f_globals.get("__name__")
+
+            if package_name == "__main__":
+                package_name = f_globals.get("__package__")
+
+            if package_name:
+                package_name = package_name.partition(".")[0]
+
+    def callback(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            return
+
+        nonlocal prog_name
+        nonlocal version
+
+        if prog_name is None:
+            prog_name = ctx.find_root().info_name
+
+        if version is None and package_name is not None:
+            import importlib.metadata
+
+            try:
+                version = importlib.metadata.version(package_name)
+            except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"{package_name!r} is not installed. Try passing"
+                    " 'package_name' instead."
+                ) from None
+
+        if version is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Could not determine the version for {package_name!r} automatically."
+            )
+
+        echo(
+            message % {"prog": prog_name, "package": package_name, "version": version},
+            color=ctx.color,
+        )
+        ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--version",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show the version and exit."))
+    kwargs["callback"] = callback
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
+
+
+def help_option(*param_decls: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[FC], FC]:
+    """Pre-configured ``--help`` option which immediately prints the help page
+    and exits the program.
+
+    :param param_decls: One or more option names. Defaults to the single
+        value ``"--help"``.
+    :param kwargs: Extra arguments are passed to :func:`option`.
+    """
+
+    def show_help(ctx: Context, param: Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Callback that print the help page on ``<stdout>`` and exits."""
+        if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
+            echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
+            ctx.exit()
+
+    if not param_decls:
+        param_decls = ("--help",)
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_flag", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("expose_value", False)
+    kwargs.setdefault("is_eager", True)
+    kwargs.setdefault("help", _("Show this message and exit."))
+    kwargs.setdefault("callback", show_help)
+
+    return option(*param_decls, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68c2806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import get_text_stderr
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import format_filename
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Command
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+
+
+def _join_param_hints(param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None) -> str | None:
+    if param_hint is not None and not isinstance(param_hint, str):
+        return " / ".join(repr(x) for x in param_hint)
+
+    return param_hint
+
+
+def _format_possibilities(possibilities: list[str]) -> str:
+    possibility_str = ", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(possibilities))
+    return ngettext(
+        "Did you mean {possibility}?",
+        "(Did you mean one of: {possibilities}?)",
+        len(possibilities),
+    ).format(possibility=possibility_str, possibilities=possibility_str)
+
+
+class ClickException(Exception):
+    """An exception that Click can handle and show to the user."""
+
+    #: The exit code for this exception.
+    exit_code = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # The context will be removed by the time we print the message, so cache
+        # the color settings here to be used later on (in `show`)
+        self.show_color: bool | None = resolve_color_default()
+        self.message = message
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.message
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=self.show_color,
+        )
+
+
+class UsageError(ClickException):
+    """An internal exception that signals a usage error.  This typically
+    aborts any further handling.
+
+    :param message: the error message to display.
+    :param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error.  Click will
+                fill in the context automatically in some situations.
+    """
+
+    exit_code = 2
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, ctx: Context | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.cmd: Command | None = self.ctx.command if self.ctx else None
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        if file is None:
+            file = get_text_stderr()
+        color = None
+        hint = ""
+        if (
+            self.ctx is not None
+            and self.ctx.command.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None
+        ):
+            help_names = self.ctx.command.get_help_option_names(self.ctx)
+            # Pick the longest name (like ``--help`` over ``-h``) for
+            # readability in error messages.
+            hint = _("Try '{command} {option}' for help.").format(
+                command=self.ctx.command_path,
+                option=max(help_names, key=len),
+            )
+            hint = f"{hint}\n"
+        if self.ctx is not None:
+            color = self.ctx.color
+            echo(f"{self.ctx.get_usage()}\n{hint}", file=file, color=color)
+        echo(
+            _("Error: {message}").format(message=self.format_message()),
+            file=file,
+            color=color,
+        )
+
+
+class BadParameter(UsageError):
+    """An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a
+    bad parameter.  This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as
+    Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which
+    parameter it is).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param param: the parameter object that caused this error.  This can
+                  be left out, and Click will attach this info itself
+                  if possible.
+    :param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name.  This
+                       can be used as alternative to `param` in cases
+                       where custom validation should happen.  If it is
+                       a string it's used as such, if it's a list then
+                       each item is quoted and separated.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.param = param
+        self.param_hint = param_hint
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
+        else:
+            return _("Invalid value: {message}").format(message=self.message)
+
+        return _("Invalid value for {param_hint}: {message}").format(
+            param_hint=_join_param_hints(param_hint), message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class MissingParameter(BadParameter):
+    """Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not
+    provided when invoking the script.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter.
+                       The default is to inherit the parameter type from
+                       the given `param`.  Valid values are ``'parameter'``,
+                       ``'option'`` or ``'argument'``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+        param_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message or "", ctx, param, param_hint)
+        self.param_type = param_type
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if self.param_hint is not None:
+            param_hint: cabc.Sequence[str] | str | None = self.param_hint
+        elif self.param is not None:
+            param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx)
+        else:
+            param_hint = None
+
+        param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint)
+        param_hint = f" {param_hint}" if param_hint else ""
+
+        param_type = self.param_type
+        if param_type is None and self.param is not None:
+            param_type = self.param.param_type_name
+
+        msg = self.message
+        if self.param is not None:
+            msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(
+                param=self.param, ctx=self.ctx
+            )
+            if msg_extra:
+                if msg:
+                    msg += f". {msg_extra}"
+                else:
+                    msg = msg_extra
+
+        msg = f" {msg}" if msg else ""
+
+        # Translate param_type for known types.
+        if param_type == "argument":
+            missing = _("Missing argument")
+        elif param_type == "option":
+            missing = _("Missing option")
+        elif param_type == "parameter":
+            missing = _("Missing parameter")
+        else:
+            missing = _("Missing {param_type}").format(param_type=param_type)
+
+        return f"{missing}{param_hint}.{msg}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if not self.message:
+            param_name = self.param.name if self.param else None
+            return _("Missing parameter: {param_name}").format(param_name=param_name)
+        else:
+            return self.message
+
+
+class NoSuchOption(UsageError):
+    """Raised if Click attempted to handle an option that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        option_name: str,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        possibilities: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such option {name!r}.").format(name=option_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+        self.possibilities: list[str] | None = None
+        if possibilities:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            self.possibilities = get_close_matches(option_name, possibilities)
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+        return f"{self.message} {_format_possibilities(self.possibilities)}"
+
+
+class NoSuchCommand(UsageError):
+    """Raised if Click attempted to handle a command that does not exist.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command_name: str,
+        message: str | None = None,
+        possibilities: cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message is None:
+            message = _("No such command {name!r}.").format(name=command_name)
+
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.command_name = command_name
+        self.possibilities: list[str] | None = None
+        if possibilities:
+            from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+            self.possibilities = get_close_matches(command_name, possibilities)
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        if not self.possibilities:
+            return self.message
+        return f"{self.message} {_format_possibilities(self.possibilities)}"
+
+
+class BadOptionUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of arguments
+    for an option is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+
+    :param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, option_name: str, message: str, ctx: Context | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, ctx)
+        self.option_name = option_name
+
+
+class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError):
+    """Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument
+    was incorrect.  This is for instance raised if the number of values
+    for an argument is not correct.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+    """
+
+
+class NoArgsIsHelpError(UsageError):
+    def __init__(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
+        self.ctx: Context
+        super().__init__(ctx.get_help(), ctx=ctx)
+
+    def show(self, file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        echo(self.format_message(), file=file, err=True, color=self.ctx.color)
+
+
+class FileError(ClickException):
+    """Raised if a file cannot be opened."""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str, hint: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if hint is None:
+            hint = _("unknown error")
+
+        super().__init__(hint)
+        self.ui_filename: str = format_filename(filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def format_message(self) -> str:
+        return _("Could not open file {filename!r}: {message}").format(
+            filename=self.ui_filename, message=self.message
+        )
+
+
+class Abort(RuntimeError):
+    """An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort."""
+
+
+class Exit(RuntimeError):
+    """An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some
+    status code.
+
+    :param code: the status code to exit with.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("exit_code",)
+
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 0) -> None:
+        self.exit_code: int = code
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..886a4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/formatting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import term_len
+from .parser import _split_opt
+
+# Can force a width.  This is used by the test system
+FORCED_WIDTH: int | None = None
+
+
+def measure_table(rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    widths: dict[int, int] = {}
+
+    for row in rows:
+        for idx, col in enumerate(row):
+            widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col))
+
+    return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items()))
+
+
+def iter_rows(
+    rows: cabc.Iterable[tuple[str, str]], col_count: int
+) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[str, ...]]:
+    for row in rows:
+        yield row + ("",) * (col_count - len(row))
+
+
+def wrap_text(
+    text: str,
+    width: int = 78,
+    initial_indent: str = "",
+    subsequent_indent: str = "",
+    preserve_paragraphs: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """A helper function that intelligently wraps text.  By default, it
+    assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the
+    `preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently
+    handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines).
+
+    If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty
+    line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that
+    no rewrapping should happen in that block.
+
+    :param text: the text that should be rewrapped.
+    :param width: the maximum width for the text.
+    :param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the
+                           first line as a string.
+    :param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on
+                              each consecutive line.
+    :param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will
+                                intelligently handle paragraphs.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Width is measured in visible characters. ANSI escape sequences in
+        ``text``, ``initial_indent``, or ``subsequent_indent`` no longer
+        count toward the width budget, so styled input wraps based on what
+        the user sees instead of raw byte length.
+    """
+    from ._textwrap import TextWrapper
+
+    text = text.expandtabs()
+    wrapper = TextWrapper(
+        width,
+        initial_indent=initial_indent,
+        subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent,
+        replace_whitespace=False,
+    )
+    if not preserve_paragraphs:
+        return wrapper.fill(text)
+
+    p: list[tuple[int, bool, str]] = []
+    buf: list[str] = []
+    indent = None
+
+    def _flush_par() -> None:
+        if not buf:
+            return
+        if buf[0].strip() == "\b":
+            p.append((indent or 0, True, "\n".join(buf[1:])))
+        else:
+            p.append((indent or 0, False, " ".join(buf)))
+        del buf[:]
+
+    for line in text.splitlines():
+        if not line:
+            _flush_par()
+            indent = None
+        else:
+            if indent is None:
+                orig_len = term_len(line)
+                line = line.lstrip()
+                indent = orig_len - term_len(line)
+            buf.append(line)
+    _flush_par()
+
+    rv = []
+    for indent, raw, text in p:
+        with wrapper.extra_indent(" " * indent):
+            if raw:
+                rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text))
+            else:
+                rv.append(wrapper.fill(text))
+
+    return "\n\n".join(rv)
+
+
+class HelpFormatter:
+    """This class helps with formatting text-based help pages.  It's
+    usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also
+    exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs.
+
+    At present, it always writes into memory.
+
+    :param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level.
+    :param width: the width for the text.  This defaults to the terminal
+                  width clamped to a maximum of 78.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        indent_increment: int = 2,
+        width: int | None = None,
+        max_width: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.indent_increment = indent_increment
+        if max_width is None:
+            max_width = 80
+        if width is None:
+            import shutil
+
+            width = FORCED_WIDTH
+            if width is None:
+                width = max(min(shutil.get_terminal_size().columns, max_width) - 2, 50)
+        self.width = width
+        self.current_indent: int = 0
+        self.buffer: list[str] = []
+
+    def write(self, string: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer."""
+        self.buffer.append(string)
+
+    def indent(self) -> None:
+        """Increases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent += self.indent_increment
+
+    def dedent(self) -> None:
+        """Decreases the indentation."""
+        self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment
+
+    def write_usage(self, prog: str, args: str = "", prefix: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Writes a usage line into the buffer.
+
+        :param prog: the program name.
+        :param args: whitespace separated list of arguments.
+        :param prefix: The prefix for the first line. Defaults to
+            ``"Usage: "``.
+        """
+        if prefix is None:
+            prefix = "{usage} ".format(usage=_("Usage:"))
+
+        usage_prefix = f"{prefix:>{self.current_indent}}{prog} "
+        text_width = self.width - self.current_indent
+
+        if not args:
+            # Without args, the prefix's trailing space and the wrap_text
+            # call that would normally place args on the line are both
+            # unnecessary. Emit just the prefix line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix.rstrip(" "))
+            self.write("\n")
+            return
+
+        if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20):
+            # The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix.
+            indent = " " * term_len(usage_prefix)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args,
+                    text_width,
+                    initial_indent=usage_prefix,
+                    subsequent_indent=indent,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            # The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line.
+            self.write(usage_prefix)
+            self.write("\n")
+            indent = " " * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4)
+            self.write(
+                wrap_text(
+                    args, text_width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_heading(self, heading: str) -> None:
+        """Writes a heading into the buffer."""
+        self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{heading}:\n")
+
+    def write_paragraph(self) -> None:
+        """Writes a paragraph into the buffer."""
+        if self.buffer:
+            self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Writes re-indented text into the buffer.  This rewraps and
+        preserves paragraphs.
+        """
+        indent = " " * self.current_indent
+        self.write(
+            wrap_text(
+                text,
+                self.width,
+                initial_indent=indent,
+                subsequent_indent=indent,
+                preserve_paragraphs=True,
+            )
+        )
+        self.write("\n")
+
+    def write_dl(
+        self,
+        rows: cabc.Sequence[tuple[str, str]],
+        col_max: int = 30,
+        col_spacing: int = 2,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Writes a definition list into the buffer.  This is how options
+        and commands are usually formatted.
+
+        :param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values.
+        :param col_max: the maximum width of the first column.
+        :param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and
+                            second column.
+        """
+        rows = list(rows)
+        widths = measure_table(rows)
+        if len(widths) != 2:
+            raise TypeError("Expected two columns for definition list")
+
+        first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing
+
+        for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)):
+            self.write(f"{'':>{self.current_indent}}{first}")
+            if not second:
+                self.write("\n")
+                continue
+            if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing:
+                self.write(" " * (first_col - term_len(first)))
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+                self.write(" " * (first_col + self.current_indent))
+
+            text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10)
+            wrapped_text = wrap_text(second, text_width, preserve_paragraphs=True)
+            lines = wrapped_text.splitlines()
+
+            if lines:
+                self.write(f"{lines[0]}\n")
+
+                for line in lines[1:]:
+                    self.write(f"{'':>{first_col + self.current_indent}}{line}\n")
+            else:
+                self.write("\n")
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def section(self, name: str) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        """Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading,
+        and the indents.
+
+        :param name: the section name that is written as heading.
+        """
+        self.write_paragraph()
+        self.write_heading(name)
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def indentation(self) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+        """A context manager that increases the indentation."""
+        self.indent()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.dedent()
+
+    def getvalue(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the buffer contents."""
+        return "".join(self.buffer)
+
+
+def join_options(options: cabc.Sequence[str]) -> tuple[str, bool]:
+    """Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate
+    way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string,
+    any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that
+    indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash.
+    """
+    rv = []
+    any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+    for opt in options:
+        prefix = _split_opt(opt)[0]
+
+        if prefix == "/":
+            any_prefix_is_slash = True
+
+        rv.append((len(prefix), opt))
+
+    rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+    return ", ".join(x[1] for x in rv), any_prefix_is_slash
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f9172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
+from threading import local
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .core import Context
+
+_local = local()
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: t.Literal[False] = False) -> Context: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = ...) -> Context | None: ...
+
+
+def get_current_context(silent: bool = False) -> Context | None:
+    """Returns the current click context.  This can be used as a way to
+    access the current context object from anywhere.  This is a more implicit
+    alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator.  This function is
+    primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be
+    interested in changing its behavior based on the current context.
+
+    To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.0
+
+    :param silent: if set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context
+                   is available.  The default behavior is to raise a
+                   :exc:`RuntimeError`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return t.cast("Context", _local.stack[-1])
+    except (AttributeError, IndexError) as e:
+        if not silent:
+            raise RuntimeError("There is no active click context.") from e
+
+    return None
+
+
+def push_context(ctx: Context) -> None:
+    """Pushes a new context to the current stack."""
+    _local.__dict__.setdefault("stack", []).append(ctx)
+
+
+def pop_context() -> None:
+    """Removes the top level from the stack."""
+    _local.stack.pop()
+
+
+def resolve_color_default(color: bool | None = None) -> bool | None:
+    """Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag.  If a
+    value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from
+    the current context.
+    """
+    if color is not None:
+        return color
+
+    ctx = get_current_context(silent=True)
+
+    if ctx is not None:
+        return ctx.color
+
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fcbf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+"""
+This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's
+optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from
+optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for
+instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more).
+
+The plan is to remove more and more from here over time.
+
+The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib
+is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages
+generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason
+and might cause us issues.
+
+Click uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and maintained
+by the Python Software Foundation. This is limited to code in parser.py.
+
+Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward. All rights reserved.
+Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+"""
+
+# This code uses parts of optparse written by Gregory P. Ward and
+# maintained by the Python Software Foundation.
+# Copyright 2001-2006 Gregory P. Ward
+# Copyright 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import typing as t
+from collections import deque
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._utils import FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+from ._utils import UNSET
+from .exceptions import BadArgumentUsage
+from .exceptions import BadOptionUsage
+from .exceptions import NoSuchOption
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._utils import T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+    from ._utils import T_UNSET
+    from .core import Argument as CoreArgument
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Option as CoreOption
+    from .core import Parameter as CoreParameter
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _unpack_args(
+    args: cabc.Sequence[str], nargs_spec: cabc.Sequence[int]
+) -> tuple[cabc.Sequence[str | cabc.Sequence[str | T_UNSET] | T_UNSET], list[str]]:
+    """Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications,
+    it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index
+    and all remaining arguments as the second.
+
+    The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed
+    or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders.
+
+    Missing items are filled with ``UNSET``.
+    """
+    args = deque(args)
+    nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec)
+    rv: list[str | tuple[str | T_UNSET, ...] | T_UNSET] = []
+    spos: int | None = None
+
+    def _fetch(c: deque[str]) -> str | T_UNSET:
+        try:
+            if spos is None:
+                return c.popleft()
+            else:
+                return c.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            return UNSET
+
+    while nargs_spec:
+        if spos is None:
+            nargs = nargs_spec.popleft()
+        else:
+            nargs = nargs_spec.pop()
+
+        if nargs == 1:
+            rv.append(_fetch(args))
+        elif nargs > 1:
+            x: list[str | T_UNSET] = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)]
+
+            # If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse,
+            # so we need to turn them around.
+            if spos is not None:
+                x.reverse()
+
+            rv.append(tuple(x))
+        elif nargs < 0:
+            if spos is not None:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot have two nargs < 0")
+
+            spos = len(rv)
+            rv.append(UNSET)
+
+    # spos is the position of the wildcard (star).  If it's not `None`,
+    # we fill it with the remainder.
+    if spos is not None:
+        rv[spos] = tuple(args)
+        args = []
+        rv[spos + 1 :] = reversed(rv[spos + 1 :])
+
+    return tuple(rv), list(args)
+
+
+def _split_opt(opt: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    first = opt[:1]
+    if first.isalnum():
+        return "", opt
+    if opt[1:2] == first:
+        return opt[:2], opt[2:]
+    return first, opt[1:]
+
+
+def _normalize_opt(opt: str, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+    if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None:
+        return opt
+    prefix, opt = _split_opt(opt)
+    return f"{prefix}{ctx.token_normalize_func(opt)}"
+
+
+class _Option:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: CoreOption,
+        opts: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        dest: str | None,
+        action: str | None = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Any | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._short_opts = []
+        self._long_opts = []
+        self.prefixes: set[str] = set()
+
+        for opt in opts:
+            prefix, value = _split_opt(opt)
+            if not prefix:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    _("Invalid start character for option ({option})").format(
+                        option=opt
+                    )
+                )
+            self.prefixes.add(prefix[0])
+            if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1:
+                self._short_opts.append(opt)
+            else:
+                self._long_opts.append(opt)
+                self.prefixes.add(prefix)
+
+        if action is None:
+            action = "store"
+
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.action = action
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.const = const
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    @property
+    def takes_value(self) -> bool:
+        return self.action in ("store", "append")
+
+    def process(self, value: t.Any, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        if self.action == "store":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "store_const":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = self.const  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "append_const":
+            state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const)  # type: ignore
+        elif self.action == "count":
+            state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"unknown action '{self.action}'")
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class _Argument:
+    def __init__(self, obj: CoreArgument, dest: str | None, nargs: int = 1):
+        self.dest = dest
+        self.nargs = nargs
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    def process(
+        self,
+        value: str | cabc.Sequence[str | T_UNSET] | T_UNSET,
+        state: _ParsingState,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.nargs > 1:
+            assert isinstance(value, cabc.Sequence)
+            holes = sum(x is UNSET for x in value)
+            if holes == len(value):
+                value = UNSET
+            elif holes != 0:
+                raise BadArgumentUsage(
+                    _("Argument {name!r} takes {nargs} values.").format(
+                        name=self.dest, nargs=self.nargs
+                    )
+                )
+
+        # We failed to collect any argument value so we consider the argument as unset.
+        if value == ():
+            value = UNSET
+
+        state.opts[self.dest] = value  # type: ignore
+        state.order.append(self.obj)
+
+
+class _ParsingState:
+    def __init__(self, rargs: list[str]) -> None:
+        self.opts: dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        self.largs: list[str] = []
+        self.rargs = rargs
+        self.order: list[CoreParameter] = []
+
+
+class _OptionParser:
+    """The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to
+    parse options and arguments.  It's modelled after optparse and brings
+    a similar but vastly simplified API.  It should generally not be used
+    directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you.
+
+    It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not
+    implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as
+    types or defaults).
+
+    :param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser
+                should go with.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 8.2
+        Will be removed in Click 9.0.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: Context | None = None) -> None:
+        #: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser.  This might be
+        #: `None` for some advanced use cases.
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        #: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments.
+        #: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first
+        #: non-option.  Click uses this to implement nested subcommands
+        #: safely.
+        self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = True
+        #: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options.  By
+        #: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a
+        #: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing
+        #: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args.
+        self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = False
+
+        if ctx is not None:
+            self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args
+            self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options
+
+        self._short_opt: dict[str, _Option] = {}
+        self._long_opt: dict[str, _Option] = {}
+        self._opt_prefixes = {"-", "--"}
+        self._args: list[_Argument] = []
+
+    def add_option(
+        self,
+        obj: CoreOption,
+        opts: cabc.Sequence[str],
+        dest: str | None,
+        action: str | None = None,
+        nargs: int = 1,
+        const: t.Any | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser.  The destination
+        is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly
+        provided.  Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``,
+        ``append``, ``append_const`` or ``count``.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        opts = [_normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts]
+        option = _Option(obj, opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs, const=const)
+        self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes)
+        for opt in option._short_opts:
+            self._short_opt[opt] = option
+        for opt in option._long_opts:
+            self._long_opt[opt] = option
+
+    def add_argument(self, obj: CoreArgument, dest: str | None, nargs: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser.
+
+        The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list
+        that is returned from the parser.
+        """
+        self._args.append(_Argument(obj, dest=dest, nargs=nargs))
+
+    def parse_args(
+        self, args: list[str]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, t.Any], list[str], list[CoreParameter]]:
+        """Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)``
+        for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover
+        arguments if there are any.  The order is a list of objects as they
+        appear on the command line.  If arguments appear multiple times they
+        will be memorized multiple times as well.
+        """
+        state = _ParsingState(args)
+        try:
+            self._process_args_for_options(state)
+            self._process_args_for_args(state)
+        except UsageError:
+            if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing:
+                raise
+        return state.opts, state.largs, state.order
+
+    def _process_args_for_args(self, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        pargs, args = _unpack_args(
+            state.largs + state.rargs, [x.nargs for x in self._args]
+        )
+
+        for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args):
+            arg.process(pargs[idx], state)
+
+        state.largs = args
+        state.rargs = []
+
+    def _process_args_for_options(self, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        while state.rargs:
+            arg = state.rargs.pop(0)
+            arglen = len(arg)
+            # Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what
+            # prefixes are valid.
+            if arg == "--":
+                return
+            elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1:
+                self._process_opts(arg, state)
+            elif self.allow_interspersed_args:
+                state.largs.append(arg)
+            else:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, arg)
+                return
+
+        # Say this is the original argument list:
+        # [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #                            ^
+        # (we are about to process arg(i)).
+        #
+        # Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of
+        # [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have
+        # been removed from largs).
+        #
+        # The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass.
+        # If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments),
+        # then after _process_arg() is done the situation is:
+        #
+        #   largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)]
+        #   rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)]
+        #
+        # If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be
+        # *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but
+        # not a very interesting subset!
+
+    def _match_long_opt(
+        self, opt: str, explicit_value: str | None, state: _ParsingState
+    ) -> None:
+        if opt not in self._long_opt:
+            raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=self._long_opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+
+        option = self._long_opt[opt]
+        if option.takes_value:
+            # At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the
+            # explicit value, because no exception is raised in this
+            # branch.  This means that the inserted value will be fully
+            # consumed.
+            if explicit_value is not None:
+                state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value)
+
+            value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+        elif explicit_value is not None:
+            raise BadOptionUsage(
+                opt, _("Option {name!r} does not take a value.").format(name=opt)
+            )
+
+        else:
+            value = UNSET
+
+        option.process(value, state)
+
+    def _match_short_opt(self, arg: str, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        stop = False
+        i = 1
+        prefix = arg[0]
+        unknown_options = []
+
+        for ch in arg[1:]:
+            opt = _normalize_opt(f"{prefix}{ch}", self.ctx)
+            option = self._short_opt.get(opt)
+            i += 1
+
+            if not option:
+                if self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                    unknown_options.append(ch)
+                    continue
+                raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx)
+            if option.takes_value:
+                # Any characters left in arg?  Pretend they're the
+                # next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg.
+                if i < len(arg):
+                    state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:])
+                    stop = True
+
+                value = self._get_value_from_state(opt, option, state)
+
+            else:
+                value = UNSET
+
+            option.process(value, state)
+
+            if stop:
+                break
+
+        # If we got any unknown options we recombine the string of the
+        # remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that
+        # to the state as new large.  This way there is basic combinatorics
+        # that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments.
+        if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options:
+            state.largs.append(f"{prefix}{''.join(unknown_options)}")
+
+    def _get_value_from_state(
+        self, option_name: str, option: _Option, state: _ParsingState
+    ) -> str | cabc.Sequence[str] | T_UNSET | T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE:
+        nargs = option.nargs
+
+        value: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | T_UNSET | T_FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+
+        if len(state.rargs) < nargs:
+            if option.obj._flag_needs_value:
+                # Option allows omitting the value.
+                value = FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+            else:
+                raise BadOptionUsage(
+                    option_name,
+                    ngettext(
+                        "Option {name!r} requires an argument.",
+                        "Option {name!r} requires {nargs} arguments.",
+                        nargs,
+                    ).format(name=option_name, nargs=nargs),
+                )
+        elif nargs == 1:
+            next_rarg = state.rargs[0]
+
+            if (
+                option.obj._flag_needs_value
+                and isinstance(next_rarg, str)
+                and next_rarg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes
+                and len(next_rarg) > 1
+            ):
+                # The next arg looks like the start of an option, don't
+                # use it as the value if omitting the value is allowed.
+                value = FLAG_NEEDS_VALUE
+            else:
+                value = state.rargs.pop(0)
+        else:
+            value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs])
+            del state.rargs[:nargs]
+
+        return value
+
+    def _process_opts(self, arg: str, state: _ParsingState) -> None:
+        explicit_value = None
+        # Long option handling happens in two parts.  The first part is
+        # supporting explicitly attached values.  In any case, we will try
+        # to long match the option first.
+        if "=" in arg:
+            long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split("=", 1)
+        else:
+            long_opt = arg
+        norm_long_opt = _normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx)
+
+        # At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through
+        # the long option matching code.  Note that this allows options
+        # like "-foo" to be matched as long options.
+        try:
+            self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state)
+        except NoSuchOption:
+            # At this point the long option matching failed, and we need
+            # to try with short options.  However there is a special rule
+            # which says, that if we have a two character options prefix
+            # (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the
+            # short option code and will instead raise the no option
+            # error.
+            if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes:
+                self._match_short_opt(arg, state)
+                return
+
+            if not self.ignore_unknown_options:
+                raise
+
+            state.largs.append(arg)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> object:
+    import warnings
+
+    if name in {
+        "OptionParser",
+        "Argument",
+        "Option",
+        "split_opt",
+        "normalize_opt",
+        "ParsingState",
+    }:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"'parser.{name}' is deprecated and will be removed in Click 9.0."
+            " The old parser is available in 'optparse'.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return globals()[f"_{name}"]
+
+    if name == "split_arg_string":
+        from .shell_completion import split_arg_string
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Importing 'parser.split_arg_string' is deprecated, it will only be"
+            " available in 'shell_completion' in Click 9.0.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return split_arg_string
+
+    raise AttributeError(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b01e290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/shell_completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import re
+import typing as t
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from .core import Argument
+from .core import Command
+from .core import Context
+from .core import Group
+from .core import Option
+from .core import Parameter
+from .core import ParameterSource
+from .utils import echo
+
+
+def shell_complete(
+    cli: Command,
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    complete_var: str,
+    instruction: str,
+) -> int:
+    """Perform shell completion for the given CLI program.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param ctx_args: Extra arguments to pass to
+        ``cli.make_context``.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+    :param instruction: Value of ``complete_var`` with the completion
+        instruction and shell, in the form ``instruction_shell``.
+    :return: Status code to exit with.
+    """
+    shell, _, instruction = instruction.partition("_")
+    comp_cls = get_completion_class(shell)
+
+    if comp_cls is None:
+        return 1
+
+    comp = comp_cls(cli, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var)
+
+    # Write bytes, otherwise Windows text stdout translates LF to CRLF and breaks.
+    if instruction == "source":
+        echo(comp.source().encode(), nl=False)
+        return 0
+
+    if instruction == "complete":
+        echo(comp.complete().encode())
+        return 0
+
+    return 1
+
+
+class CompletionItem:
+    """Represents a completion value and metadata about the value. The
+    default metadata is ``type`` to indicate special shell handling,
+    and ``help`` if a shell supports showing a help string next to the
+    value.
+
+    Arbitrary parameters can be passed when creating the object, and
+    accessed using ``item.attr``. If an attribute wasn't passed,
+    accessing it returns ``None``.
+
+    :param value: The completion suggestion.
+    :param type: Tells the shell script to provide special completion
+        support for the type. Click uses ``"dir"`` and ``"file"``.
+    :param help: String shown next to the value if supported.
+    :param kwargs: Arbitrary metadata. The built-in implementations
+        don't use this, but custom type completions paired with custom
+        shell support could use it.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("value", "type", "help", "_info")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        type: str = "plain",
+        help: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.value: t.Any = value
+        self.type: str = type
+        self.help: str | None = help
+        self._info = kwargs
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return self._info.get(name)
+
+
+# Only Bash >= 4.4 has the nosort option.
+_SOURCE_BASH = """\
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local IFS=$'\\n'
+    local response
+
+    response=$(env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \
+%(complete_var)s=bash_complete $1)
+
+    for completion in $response; do
+        IFS=',' read type value <<< "$completion"
+
+        if [[ $type == 'dir' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o dirnames
+        elif [[ $type == 'file' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY=()
+            compopt -o default
+        elif [[ $type == 'plain' ]]; then
+            COMPREPLY+=($value)
+        fi
+    done
+
+    return 0
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup() {
+    complete -o nosort -F %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+}
+
+%(complete_func)s_setup;
+"""
+
+# See ZshComplete.format_completion below, and issue #2703, before
+# changing this script.
+#
+# (TL;DR: _describe is picky about the format, but this Zsh script snippet
+# is already widely deployed.  So freeze this script, and use clever-ish
+# handling of colons in ZshComplet.format_completion.)
+_SOURCE_ZSH = """\
+#compdef %(prog_name)s
+
+%(complete_func)s() {
+    local -a completions
+    local -a completions_with_descriptions
+    local -a response
+    (( ! $+commands[%(prog_name)s] )) && return 1
+
+    response=("${(@f)$(env COMP_WORDS="${words[*]}" COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \
+%(complete_var)s=zsh_complete %(prog_name)s)}")
+
+    for type key descr in ${response}; do
+        if [[ "$type" == "plain" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then
+                completions+=("$key")
+            else
+                completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr")
+            fi
+        elif [[ "$type" == "dir" ]]; then
+            _path_files -/
+        elif [[ "$type" == "file" ]]; then
+            _path_files -f
+        fi
+    done
+
+    if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then
+        _describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U
+    fi
+
+    if [ -n "$completions" ]; then
+        compadd -U -V unsorted -a completions
+    fi
+}
+
+if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+    # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+    %(complete_func)s "$@"
+else
+    # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+    compdef %(complete_func)s %(prog_name)s
+fi
+"""
+
+_SOURCE_FISH = """\
+function %(complete_func)s;
+    set -l response (env %(complete_var)s=fish_complete COMP_WORDS=(commandline -cp) \
+COMP_CWORD=(commandline -t) %(prog_name)s);
+
+    for completion in $response;
+        set -l metadata (string split \n $completion);
+
+        if test $metadata[1] = "dir";
+            __fish_complete_directories $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "file";
+            __fish_complete_path $metadata[2];
+        else if test $metadata[1] = "plain";
+            if test $metadata[3] != "_";
+                echo $metadata[2]\t$metadata[3];
+            else;
+                echo $metadata[2];
+            end;
+        end;
+    end;
+end;
+
+complete --no-files --command %(prog_name)s --arguments \
+"(%(complete_func)s)";
+"""
+
+
+class ShellComplete:
+    """Base class for providing shell completion support. A subclass for
+    a given shell will override attributes and methods to implement the
+    completion instructions (``source`` and ``complete``).
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
+        the completion instruction.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+    """
+
+    name: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Name to register the shell as with :func:`add_completion_class`.
+    This is used in completion instructions (``{name}_source`` and
+    ``{name}_complete``).
+    """
+
+    source_template: t.ClassVar[str]
+    """Completion script template formatted by :meth:`source`. This must
+    be provided by subclasses.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cli: Command,
+        ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+        prog_name: str,
+        complete_var: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cli = cli
+        self.ctx_args = ctx_args
+        self.prog_name = prog_name
+        self.complete_var = complete_var
+
+    @property
+    def func_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the shell function defined by the completion
+        script.
+        """
+        safe_name = re.sub(r"\W*", "", self.prog_name.replace("-", "_"), flags=re.ASCII)
+        return f"_{safe_name}_completion"
+
+    def source_vars(self) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Vars for formatting :attr:`source_template`.
+
+        By default this provides ``complete_func``, ``complete_var``,
+        and ``prog_name``.
+        """
+        return {
+            "complete_func": self.func_name,
+            "complete_var": self.complete_var,
+            "prog_name": self.prog_name,
+        }
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the shell script that defines the completion
+        function. By default this ``%``-style formats
+        :attr:`source_template` with the dict returned by
+        :meth:`source_vars`.
+        """
+        return self.source_template % self.source_vars()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        """Use the env vars defined by the shell script to return a
+        tuple of ``args, incomplete``. This must be implemented by
+        subclasses.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_completions(self, args: list[str], incomplete: str) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Determine the context and last complete command or parameter
+        from the complete args. Call that object's ``shell_complete``
+        method to get the completions for the incomplete value.
+
+        :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+        """
+        ctx = _resolve_context(self.cli, self.ctx_args, self.prog_name, args)
+        obj, incomplete = _resolve_incomplete(ctx, args, incomplete)
+        return obj.shell_complete(ctx, incomplete)
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        """Format a completion item into the form recognized by the
+        shell script. This must be implemented by subclasses.
+
+        :param item: Completion item to format.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def complete(self) -> str:
+        """Produce the completion data to send back to the shell.
+
+        By default this calls :meth:`get_completion_args`, gets the
+        completions, then calls :meth:`format_completion` for each
+        completion.
+        """
+        args, incomplete = self.get_completion_args()
+        completions = self.get_completions(args, incomplete)
+        out = [self.format_completion(item) for item in completions]
+        return "\n".join(out)
+
+
+class BashComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Bash."""
+
+    name = "bash"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_BASH
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_version() -> None:
+        import shutil
+        import subprocess
+
+        bash_exe = shutil.which("bash")
+
+        if bash_exe is None:
+            match = None
+        else:
+            output = subprocess.run(
+                [bash_exe, "--norc", "-c", 'echo "${BASH_VERSION}"'],
+                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            )
+            match = re.search(r"^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.\d+", output.stdout.decode())
+
+        if match is not None:
+            major, minor = match.groups()
+
+            if major < "4" or major == "4" and minor < "4":
+                echo(
+                    _(
+                        "Shell completion is not supported for Bash"
+                        " versions older than 4.4."
+                    ),
+                    err=True,
+                )
+        else:
+            echo(
+                _("Couldn't detect Bash version, shell completion is not supported."),
+                err=True,
+            )
+
+    def source(self) -> str:
+        self._check_version()
+        return super().source()
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        return f"{item.type},{item.value}"
+
+
+class ZshComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Zsh."""
+
+    name = "zsh"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_ZSH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+        args = cwords[1:cword]
+
+        try:
+            incomplete = cwords[cword]
+        except IndexError:
+            incomplete = ""
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        help_ = item.help or "_"
+        # The zsh completion script uses `_describe` on items with help
+        # texts (which splits the item help from the item value at the
+        # first unescaped colon) and `compadd` on items without help
+        # text (which uses the item value as-is and does not support
+        # colon escaping).  So escape colons in the item value if and
+        # only if the item help is not the sentinel "_" value, as used
+        # by the completion script.
+        #
+        # (The zsh completion script is potentially widely deployed, and
+        # thus harder to fix than this method.)
+        #
+        # See issue #1812 and issue #2703 for further context.
+        value = item.value.replace(":", r"\:") if help_ != "_" else item.value
+        return f"{item.type}\n{value}\n{help_}"
+
+
+class FishComplete(ShellComplete):
+    """Shell completion for Fish."""
+
+    name = "fish"
+    source_template = _SOURCE_FISH
+
+    def get_completion_args(self) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+        cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ["COMP_WORDS"])
+        incomplete = os.environ["COMP_CWORD"]
+        if incomplete:
+            incomplete = split_arg_string(incomplete)[0]
+        args = cwords[1:]
+
+        # Fish stores the partial word in both COMP_WORDS and
+        # COMP_CWORD, remove it from complete args.
+        if incomplete and args and args[-1] == incomplete:
+            args.pop()
+
+        return args, incomplete
+
+    def format_completion(self, item: CompletionItem) -> str:
+        """
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+            Escape newlines in value and help to fix completion errors with
+            multi-line help strings.
+        """
+        # The fish completion script splits each response line on literal
+        # newlines, so any newline in the value or help would corrupt the
+        # frame. Replace them with the two-character escape "\n" so the text
+        # round-trips through fish without breaking the format. The "_"
+        # sentinel for missing help mirrors :class:`ZshComplete`.
+        help_ = item.help or "_"
+        value = item.value.replace("\n", r"\n")
+        help_escaped = help_.replace("\n", r"\n")
+        return f"{item.type}\n{value}\n{help_escaped}"
+
+
+ShellCompleteType = t.TypeVar("ShellCompleteType", bound="type[ShellComplete]")
+
+
+_available_shells: dict[str, type[ShellComplete]] = {
+    "bash": BashComplete,
+    "fish": FishComplete,
+    "zsh": ZshComplete,
+}
+
+
+def add_completion_class(
+    cls: ShellCompleteType, name: str | None = None
+) -> ShellCompleteType:
+    """Register a :class:`ShellComplete` subclass under the given name.
+    The name will be provided by the completion instruction environment
+    variable during completion.
+
+    :param cls: The completion class that will handle completion for the
+        shell.
+    :param name: Name to register the class under. Defaults to the
+        class's ``name`` attribute.
+    """
+    if name is None:
+        name = cls.name
+
+    _available_shells[name] = cls
+
+    return cls
+
+
+def get_completion_class(shell: str) -> type[ShellComplete] | None:
+    """Look up a registered :class:`ShellComplete` subclass by the name
+    provided by the completion instruction environment variable. If the
+    name isn't registered, returns ``None``.
+
+    :param shell: Name the class is registered under.
+    """
+    return _available_shells.get(shell)
+
+
+def split_arg_string(string: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Split an argument string as with :func:`shlex.split`, but don't
+    fail if the string is incomplete. Ignores a missing closing quote or
+    incomplete escape sequence and uses the partial token as-is.
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        split_arg_string("example 'my file")
+        ["example", "my file"]
+
+        split_arg_string("example my\\")
+        ["example", "my"]
+
+    :param string: String to split.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Moved to ``shell_completion`` from ``parser``.
+    """
+    import shlex
+
+    lex = shlex.shlex(string, posix=True)
+    lex.whitespace_split = True
+    lex.commenters = ""
+    out = []
+
+    try:
+        for token in lex:
+            out.append(token)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Raised when end-of-string is reached in an invalid state. Use
+        # the partial token as-is. The quote or escape character is in
+        # lex.state, not lex.token.
+        out.append(lex.token)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_argument(ctx: Context, param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an argument that can still
+    accept values.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by the
+        parsed complete args.
+    :param param: Argument object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Argument):
+        return False
+
+    value = ctx.params.get(param.name)
+    return (
+        param.nargs == -1
+        or ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name) is not ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
+        or (
+            param.nargs > 1
+            and isinstance(value, (tuple, list))
+            and len(value) < param.nargs
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _start_of_option(ctx: Context, value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value looks like the start of an option."""
+    if not value:
+        return False
+
+    c = value[0]
+    return c in ctx._opt_prefixes
+
+
+def _is_incomplete_option(ctx: Context, args: list[str], param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Determine if the given parameter is an option that needs a value.
+
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param param: Option object being checked.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(param, Option):
+        return False
+
+    if param.is_flag or param.count:
+        return False
+
+    last_option = None
+
+    for index, arg in enumerate(reversed(args)):
+        if index + 1 > param.nargs:
+            break
+
+        if _start_of_option(ctx, arg):
+            last_option = arg
+            break
+
+    return last_option is not None and last_option in param.opts
+
+
+def _resolve_context(
+    cli: Command,
+    ctx_args: cabc.MutableMapping[str, t.Any],
+    prog_name: str,
+    args: list[str],
+) -> Context:
+    """Produce the context hierarchy starting with the command and
+    traversing the complete arguments. This only follows the commands,
+    it doesn't trigger input prompts or callbacks.
+
+    :param cli: Command being called.
+    :param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    """
+    ctx_args["resilient_parsing"] = True
+    with cli.make_context(prog_name, args.copy(), **ctx_args) as ctx:
+        args = ctx._protected_args + ctx.args
+
+        while args:
+            command = ctx.command
+
+            if isinstance(command, Group):
+                if not command.chain:
+                    name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                    if cmd is None:
+                        return ctx
+
+                    with cmd.make_context(
+                        name, args, parent=ctx, resilient_parsing=True
+                    ) as sub_ctx:
+                        ctx = sub_ctx
+                        args = ctx._protected_args + ctx.args
+                else:
+                    sub_ctx = ctx
+
+                    while args:
+                        name, cmd, args = command.resolve_command(ctx, args)
+
+                        if cmd is None:
+                            return ctx
+
+                        with cmd.make_context(
+                            name,
+                            args,
+                            parent=ctx,
+                            allow_extra_args=True,
+                            allow_interspersed_args=False,
+                            resilient_parsing=True,
+                        ) as sub_sub_ctx:
+                            sub_ctx = sub_sub_ctx
+                            args = sub_ctx.args
+
+                    ctx = sub_ctx
+                    args = [*sub_ctx._protected_args, *sub_ctx.args]
+            else:
+                break
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+def _resolve_incomplete(
+    ctx: Context, args: list[str], incomplete: str
+) -> tuple[Command | Parameter, str]:
+    """Find the Click object that will handle the completion of the
+    incomplete value. Return the object and the incomplete value.
+
+    :param ctx: Invocation context for the command represented by
+        the parsed complete args.
+    :param args: List of complete args before the incomplete value.
+    :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+    """
+    # Different shells treat an "=" between a long option name and
+    # value differently. Might keep the value joined, return the "="
+    # as a separate item, or return the split name and value. Always
+    # split and discard the "=" to make completion easier.
+    if incomplete == "=":
+        incomplete = ""
+    elif "=" in incomplete and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        name, _, incomplete = incomplete.partition("=")
+        args.append(name)
+
+    # The "--" marker tells Click to stop treating values as options
+    # even if they start with the option character. If it hasn't been
+    # given and the incomplete arg looks like an option, the current
+    # command will provide option name completions.
+    if "--" not in args and _start_of_option(ctx, incomplete):
+        return ctx.command, incomplete
+
+    params = ctx.command.get_params(ctx)
+
+    # If the last complete arg is an option name with an incomplete
+    # value, the option will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_option(ctx, args, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # It's not an option name or value. The first argument without a
+    # parsed value will provide value completions.
+    for param in params:
+        if _is_incomplete_argument(ctx, param):
+            return param, incomplete
+
+    # There were no unparsed arguments, the command may be a group that
+    # will provide command name completions.
+    return ctx.command, incomplete
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ef6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/termui.py
@@ -0,0 +1,941 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import inspect
+import io
+import itertools
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import redirect_stdout
+from gettext import gettext as _
+
+from ._compat import isatty
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .exceptions import Abort
+from .exceptions import UsageError
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+from .types import Choice
+from .types import convert_type
+from .types import ParamType
+from .utils import echo
+from .utils import LazyFile
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+V = t.TypeVar("V")
+
+# The prompt functions to use.  The doc tools currently override these
+# functions to customize how they work.
+visible_prompt_func: t.Callable[[str], str] = input
+
+_ansi_colors = {
+    "black": 30,
+    "red": 31,
+    "green": 32,
+    "yellow": 33,
+    "blue": 34,
+    "magenta": 35,
+    "cyan": 36,
+    "white": 37,
+    "reset": 39,
+    "bright_black": 90,
+    "bright_red": 91,
+    "bright_green": 92,
+    "bright_yellow": 93,
+    "bright_blue": 94,
+    "bright_magenta": 95,
+    "bright_cyan": 96,
+    "bright_white": 97,
+}
+_ansi_reset_all = "\033[0m"
+
+
+_HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK = "'***'"
+
+
+def _mask_hidden_input(message: str, value: str) -> str:
+    """Replace occurrences of ``value`` in ``message`` with a fixed mask.
+
+    Both ``repr(value)`` (the form built-in :class:`ParamType` errors use
+    via ``{value!r}``) and the raw value are masked. The raw-value pass
+    uses word-boundary lookarounds so a substring like ``"1"`` does not
+    match inside ``"10"``, and ``"ent"`` does not match inside
+    ``"Authentication"``. The empty string is skipped to avoid matching
+    at every boundary.
+    """
+    message = message.replace(repr(value), _HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK)
+    if value:
+        message = re.sub(
+            rf"(?<!\w){re.escape(value)}(?!\w)", _HIDDEN_INPUT_MASK, message
+        )
+    return message
+
+
+def hidden_prompt_func(prompt: str) -> str:
+    import getpass
+
+    return getpass.getpass(prompt)
+
+
+def _readline_prompt(func: t.Callable[[str], str], text: str, err: bool) -> str:
+    """Call a prompt function, passing the full prompt on non-Windows so
+    readline can handle line editing and cursor positioning correctly.
+
+    On Windows the prompt is written separately via :func:`echo` for
+    colorama support, with only the last character passed to *func*.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice coloring
+        # through colorama on Windows.
+        echo(text[:-1], nl=False, err=err)
+        # Echo the last character to stdout to work around an issue
+        # where readline causes backspace to clear the whole line.
+        return func(text[-1:])
+    if err:
+        with redirect_stdout(sys.stderr):
+            return func(text)
+    return func(text)
+
+
+def _build_prompt(
+    text: str,
+    suffix: str,
+    show_default: bool | str = False,
+    default: t.Any | None = None,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+    type: ParamType[t.Any] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    prompt = text
+    if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice):
+        prompt += f" ({', '.join(map(str, type.choices))})"
+    if isinstance(show_default, str):
+        default = f"({show_default})"
+    if default is not None and show_default:
+        prompt = f"{prompt} [{_format_default(default)}]"
+    return f"{prompt}{suffix}"
+
+
+def _format_default(default: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    if isinstance(default, (io.IOBase, LazyFile)) and hasattr(default, "name"):
+        return default.name
+
+    return default
+
+
+def prompt(
+    text: str,
+    default: t.Any | None = None,
+    hide_input: bool = False,
+    confirmation_prompt: bool | str = False,
+    type: ParamType[t.Any] | t.Any | None = None,
+    value_proc: t.Callable[[str], t.Any] | None = None,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool | str = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    show_choices: bool = True,
+) -> t.Any:
+    """Prompts a user for input.  This is a convenience function that can
+    be used to prompt a user for input later.
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending an interrupt signal, this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the text to show for the prompt.
+    :param default: the default value to use if no input happens.  If this
+                    is not given it will prompt until it's aborted.
+    :param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will
+                       be hidden.
+    :param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
+        value. Can be set to a string instead of ``True`` to customize
+        the message.
+    :param type: the type to use to check the value against.
+    :param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that
+                       is invoked instead of the type conversion to
+                       convert a value.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+                         If this value is a string, it shows that string
+                         in parentheses instead of the actual value.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    :param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice.
+                         For example if type is a Choice of either day or week,
+                         show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the
+                         prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ".
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.3
+        ``show_default`` can be a string to show a custom value instead
+        of the actual default, matching the help text behavior.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.1
+        A space is no longer appended to the prompt.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        ``confirmation_prompt`` can be a custom string.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 7.0
+        Added the ``show_choices`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 6.0
+        Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    """
+
+    def prompt_func(text: str) -> str:
+        f = hidden_prompt_func if hide_input else visible_prompt_func
+        try:
+            return _readline_prompt(f, text, err)
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            # getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C.
+            # Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3).
+            # A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711
+            if hide_input:
+                echo(None, err=err)
+            raise Abort() from None
+
+    if value_proc is None:
+        value_proc = convert_type(type, default)
+
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type
+    )
+
+    if confirmation_prompt:
+        if confirmation_prompt is True:
+            confirmation_prompt = _("Repeat for confirmation")
+
+        confirmation_prompt = _build_prompt(confirmation_prompt, prompt_suffix)
+
+    while True:
+        while True:
+            value = prompt_func(prompt)
+            if value:
+                break
+            elif default is not None:
+                value = default
+                break
+        try:
+            result = value_proc(value)
+        except UsageError as e:
+            message = _mask_hidden_input(e.message, value) if hide_input else e.message
+            echo(_("Error: {message}").format(message=message), err=err)
+            continue
+        if not confirmation_prompt:
+            return result
+        while True:
+            value2 = prompt_func(confirmation_prompt)
+            is_empty = not value and not value2
+            if value2 or is_empty:
+                break
+        if value == value2:
+            return result
+        echo(_("Error: The two entered values do not match."), err=err)
+
+
+def confirm(
+    text: str,
+    default: bool | None = False,
+    abort: bool = False,
+    prompt_suffix: str = ": ",
+    show_default: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question).
+
+    If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this
+    function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception.
+
+    :param text: the question to ask.
+    :param default: The default value to use when no input is given. If
+        ``None``, repeat until input is given.
+    :param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the
+                  exception by raising :exc:`Abort`.
+    :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt.
+    :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt.
+    :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.3.1
+        A space is no longer appended to the prompt.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Repeat until input is given if ``default`` is ``None``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+    """
+    prompt = _build_prompt(
+        text,
+        prompt_suffix,
+        show_default,
+        "y/n" if default is None else ("Y/n" if default else "y/N"),
+    )
+
+    while True:
+        try:
+            value = _readline_prompt(visible_prompt_func, prompt, err).lower().strip()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            raise Abort() from None
+        if value in ("y", "yes"):
+            rv = True
+        elif value in ("n", "no"):
+            rv = False
+        elif default is not None and value == "":
+            rv = default
+        else:
+            echo(_("Error: invalid input"), err=err)
+            continue
+        break
+    if abort and not rv:
+        raise Abort()
+    return rv
+
+
+def get_pager_file(
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> t.ContextManager[t.TextIO]:
+    """Context manager.
+
+    Yields a writable file-like object which can be used as an output pager.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import get_pager_file
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+    return get_pager_file(color=color)
+
+
+def echo_via_pager(
+    text_or_generator: cabc.Iterable[str] | t.Callable[[], cabc.Iterable[str]] | str,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific
+    pager on stdout.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+       Added the `color` flag.
+
+    :param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a
+                              generator emitting the text to page.
+    :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.
+    """
+
+    if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator):
+        i = t.cast("t.Callable[[], cabc.Iterable[str]]", text_or_generator)()
+    elif isinstance(text_or_generator, str):
+        i = [text_or_generator]
+    else:
+        i = iter(t.cast("cabc.Iterable[str]", text_or_generator))
+
+    # convert every element of i to a text type if necessary
+    text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, str) else str(el) for el in i)
+
+    with get_pager_file(color=color) as pager:
+        for text in itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"):
+            pager.write(text)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def progressbar(
+    *,
+    length: int,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[int]: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None,
+    length: int | None = None,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[V]: ...
+
+
+def progressbar(
+    iterable: cabc.Iterable[V] | None = None,
+    length: int | None = None,
+    label: str | None = None,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    show_eta: bool = True,
+    show_percent: bool | None = None,
+    show_pos: bool = False,
+    item_show_func: t.Callable[[V | None], str | None] | None = None,
+    fill_char: str = "#",
+    empty_char: str = "-",
+    bar_template: str = "%(label)s  [%(bar)s]  %(info)s",
+    info_sep: str = "  ",
+    width: int = 36,
+    file: t.TextIO | None = None,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    update_min_steps: int = 1,
+) -> ProgressBar[V]:
+    """This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used
+    to iterate over something while showing a progress bar.  It will
+    either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted
+    up).  While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered
+    progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt
+    to calculate remaining time and more.  By default, this progress bar
+    will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal.
+
+    The context manager creates the progress bar.  When the context
+    manager is entered the progress bar is already created.  With every
+    iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is
+    advanced and the bar is updated.  When the context manager exits,
+    a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen.
+
+    Note: The progress bar is currently designed for use cases where the
+    total progress can be expected to take at least several seconds.
+    Because of this, the ProgressBar class object won't display
+    progress that is considered too fast, and progress where the time
+    between steps is less than a second.
+
+    No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally
+    destroyed.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        with progressbar(items) as bar:
+            for item in bar:
+                do_something_with(item)
+
+    Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the
+    progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly
+    iterating over the progress bar.  The update method accepts the number
+    of steps to increment the bar with::
+
+        with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                process_chunk(chunk)
+                bar.update(chunks.bytes)
+
+    The ``update()`` method also takes an optional value specifying the
+    ``current_item`` at the new position. This is useful when used
+    together with ``item_show_func`` to customize the output for each
+    manual step::
+
+        with click.progressbar(
+            length=total_size,
+            label='Unzipping archive',
+            item_show_func=lambda a: a.filename
+        ) as bar:
+            for archive in zip_file:
+                archive.extract()
+                bar.update(archive.size, archive)
+
+    :param iterable: an iterable to iterate over.  If not provided the length
+                     is required.
+    :param length: the number of items to iterate over.  By default the
+                   progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its
+                   length, which might or might not work.  If an iterable is
+                   also provided this parameter can be used to override the
+                   length.  If an iterable is not provided the progress bar
+                   will iterate over a range of that length.
+    :param label: the label to show next to the progress bar.
+    :param hidden: hide the progressbar. Defaults to ``False``. When no tty is
+        detected, it will only print the progressbar label. Setting this to
+        ``False`` also disables that.
+    :param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display.  This is
+                     automatically disabled if the length cannot be
+                     determined.
+    :param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display.  The
+                         default is `True` if the iterable has a length or
+                         `False` if not.
+    :param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display.  The
+                     default is `False`.
+    :param item_show_func: A function called with the current item which
+        can return a string to show next to the progress bar. If the
+        function returns ``None`` nothing is shown. The current item can
+        be ``None``, such as when entering and exiting the bar.
+    :param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the
+                      progress bar.
+    :param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of
+                       the progress bar.
+    :param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar.
+                         The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label,
+                         ``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the
+                         info section.
+    :param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.)
+    :param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full
+                  terminal width
+    :param file: The file to write to. If this is not a terminal then
+        only the label is printed.
+    :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not.  The
+                  default is autodetection.  This is only needed if ANSI
+                  codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output
+                  which is not the case by default.
+    :param update_min_steps: Render only when this many updates have
+        completed. This allows tuning for very fast iterators.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+        The ``hidden`` argument.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Output is shown even if execution time is less than 0.5 seconds.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        ``item_show_func`` shows the current item, not the previous one.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Labels are echoed if the output is not a TTY. Reverts a change
+        in 7.0 that removed all output.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+       The ``update_min_steps`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+        The ``color`` parameter and ``update`` method.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar
+
+    color = resolve_color_default(color)
+    return ProgressBar(
+        iterable=iterable,
+        length=length,
+        hidden=hidden,
+        show_eta=show_eta,
+        show_percent=show_percent,
+        show_pos=show_pos,
+        item_show_func=item_show_func,
+        fill_char=fill_char,
+        empty_char=empty_char,
+        bar_template=bar_template,
+        info_sep=info_sep,
+        file=file,
+        label=label,
+        width=width,
+        color=color,
+        update_min_steps=update_min_steps,
+    )
+
+
+def clear() -> None:
+    """Clears the terminal screen.  This will have the effect of clearing
+    the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the
+    top left.  This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    # ANSI escape \033[2J clears the screen, \033[1;1H moves the cursor
+    echo("\033[2J\033[1;1H", nl=False)
+
+
+def _interpret_color(color: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str, offset: int = 0) -> str:
+    if isinstance(color, int):
+        return f"{38 + offset};5;{color:d}"
+
+    if isinstance(color, (tuple, list)):
+        r, g, b = color
+        return f"{38 + offset};2;{r:d};{g:d};{b:d}"
+
+    return str(_ansi_colors[color] + offset)
+
+
+def style(
+    text: t.Any,
+    fg: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str | None = None,
+    bg: int | tuple[int, int, int] | str | None = None,
+    bold: bool | None = None,
+    dim: bool | None = None,
+    underline: bool | None = None,
+    overline: bool | None = None,
+    italic: bool | None = None,
+    blink: bool | None = None,
+    reverse: bool | None = None,
+    strikethrough: bool | None = None,
+    reset: bool = True,
+) -> str:
+    """Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string.  By
+    default the styling is self contained which means that at the end
+    of the string a reset code is issued.  This can be prevented by
+    passing ``reset=False``.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+        click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True))
+        click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan'))
+        click.echo(click.style('More colors', fg=(255, 12, 128), bg=117))
+
+    Supported color names:
+
+    * ``black`` (might be a gray)
+    * ``red``
+    * ``green``
+    * ``yellow`` (might be an orange)
+    * ``blue``
+    * ``magenta``
+    * ``cyan``
+    * ``white`` (might be light gray)
+    * ``bright_black``
+    * ``bright_red``
+    * ``bright_green``
+    * ``bright_yellow``
+    * ``bright_blue``
+    * ``bright_magenta``
+    * ``bright_cyan``
+    * ``bright_white``
+    * ``reset`` (reset the color code only)
+
+    If the terminal supports it, color may also be specified as:
+
+    -   An integer in the interval [0, 255]. The terminal must support
+        8-bit/256-color mode.
+    -   An RGB tuple of three integers in [0, 255]. The terminal must
+        support 24-bit/true-color mode.
+
+    See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_color and
+    https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728 for more information.
+
+    :param text: the string to style with ansi codes.
+    :param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color.
+    :param bg: if provided this will become the background color.
+    :param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode.
+    :param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode.  This is
+                badly supported.
+    :param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline.
+    :param overline: if provided this will enable or disable overline.
+    :param italic: if provided this will enable or disable italic.
+    :param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking.
+    :param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse
+                    rendering (foreground becomes background and the
+                    other way round).
+    :param strikethrough: if provided this will enable or disable
+        striking through text.
+    :param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the
+                  string which means that styles do not carry over.  This
+                  can be disabled to compose styles.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+       Added support for 256 and RGB color codes.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``strikethrough``, ``italic``, and ``overline``
+        parameters.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 7.0
+        Added support for bright colors.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        text = str(text)
+
+    bits = []
+
+    if fg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(fg)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(_("Unknown color {colour!r}").format(colour=fg)) from None
+
+    if bg:
+        try:
+            bits.append(f"\033[{_interpret_color(bg, 10)}m")
+        except KeyError:
+            raise TypeError(_("Unknown color {colour!r}").format(colour=bg)) from None
+
+    if bold is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{1 if bold else 22}m")
+    if dim is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{2 if dim else 22}m")
+    if underline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{4 if underline else 24}m")
+    if overline is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{53 if overline else 55}m")
+    if italic is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{3 if italic else 23}m")
+    if blink is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{5 if blink else 25}m")
+    if reverse is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{7 if reverse else 27}m")
+    if strikethrough is not None:
+        bits.append(f"\033[{9 if strikethrough else 29}m")
+    bits.append(text)
+    if reset:
+        bits.append(_ansi_reset_all)
+    return "".join(bits)
+
+
+def unstyle(text: str) -> str:
+    """Removes ANSI styling information from a string.  Usually it's not
+    necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will
+    automatically remove styling if necessary.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param text: the text to remove style information from.
+    """
+    return strip_ansi(text)
+
+
+def secho(
+    message: t.Any | None = None,
+    file: t.IO[t.AnyStr] | None = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+    **styles: t.Any,
+) -> None:
+    """This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one
+    call.  As such the following two calls are the same::
+
+        click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
+        click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
+
+    All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions
+    depending on which one they go with.
+
+    Non-string types will be converted to :class:`str`. However,
+    :class:`bytes` are passed directly to :meth:`echo` without applying
+    style. If you want to style bytes that represent text, call
+    :meth:`bytes.decode` first.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        A non-string ``message`` is converted to a string. Bytes are
+        passed through without style applied.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    if message is not None and not isinstance(message, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        message = style(message, **styles)
+
+    return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: bytes | bytearray,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = False,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+) -> bytes | None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: str,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+) -> str | None: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def edit(
+    text: None = None,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: str | cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> None: ...
+
+
+def edit(
+    text: str | bytes | bytearray | None = None,
+    editor: str | None = None,
+    env: cabc.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    require_save: bool = True,
+    extension: str = ".txt",
+    filename: str | cabc.Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> str | bytes | bytearray | None:
+    r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor.  If an editor is given
+    (should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating
+    system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides
+    the detected editor.  Optionally, some environment variables can be
+    used.  If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned.  In
+    case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and
+    `require_save` and `extension` are ignored.
+
+    If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised.
+
+    Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are
+    automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa.  As such,
+    the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers.
+
+    :param text: the text to edit.
+    :param editor: optionally the editor to use.  Defaults to automatic
+                   detection.
+    :param env: environment variables to forward to the editor.
+    :param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor
+                         will make the return value become `None`.
+    :param extension: the extension to tell the editor about.  This defaults
+                      to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax
+                      highlighting.
+    :param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the
+                     provided text contents.  It will not use a temporary
+                     file as an indirection in that case. If the editor supports
+                     editing multiple files at once, a sequence of files may be
+                     passed as well. Invoke `click.file` once per file instead
+                     if multiple files cannot be managed at once or editing the
+                     files serially is desired.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        ``filename`` now accepts any ``Iterable[str]`` in addition to a ``str``
+        if the ``editor`` supports editing multiple files at once.
+
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import Editor
+
+    ed = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save, extension=extension)
+
+    if filename is None:
+        return ed.edit(text)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, str):
+        filename = (filename,)
+
+    ed.edit_files(filenames=filename)
+    return None
+
+
+def launch(url: str, wait: bool = False, locate: bool = False) -> int:
+    """This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default
+    viewer application for this file type.  If this is an executable, it
+    might launch the executable in a new session.  The return value is
+    the exit code of the launched application.  Usually, ``0`` indicates
+    success.
+
+    Examples::
+
+        click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/')
+        click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch.
+    :param wait: Wait for the program to exit before returning. This
+        only works if the launched program blocks. In particular,
+        ``xdg-open`` on Linux does not block.
+    :param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the
+                   application associated with the URL it will attempt to
+                   launch a file manager with the file located.  This
+                   might have weird effects if the URL does not point to
+                   the filesystem.
+    """
+    from ._termui_impl import open_url
+
+    return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate)
+
+
+# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead.  This is used
+# for unittesting purposes.
+_getchar: t.Callable[[bool], str] | None = None
+
+
+def getchar(echo: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it.  This
+    will always return a unicode character and under certain rare
+    circumstances this might return more than one character.  The
+    situations which more than one character is returned is when for
+    whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or
+    standard input was not actually a terminal.
+
+    Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something
+    is piped into the standard input.
+
+    Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this
+    function might wait for a second character and then return both at once.
+    This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on
+                 the terminal.  The default is to not show it.
+    """
+    global _getchar
+
+    if _getchar is None:
+        from ._termui_impl import getchar as f
+
+        _getchar = f
+
+    return _getchar(echo)
+
+
+def raw_terminal() -> AbstractContextManager[int]:
+    from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f
+
+    return f()
+
+
+def pause(info: str | None = None, err: bool = False) -> None:
+    """This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any
+    key to continue.  This is similar to the Windows batch "pause"
+    command.  If the program is not run through a terminal, this command
+    will instead do nothing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+       Added the `err` parameter.
+
+    :param info: The message to print before pausing. Defaults to
+        ``"Press any key to continue..."``.
+    :param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of
+                ``stdout``, the same as with echo.
+    """
+    if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout):
+        return
+
+    if info is None:
+        info = _("Press any key to continue...")
+
+    try:
+        if info:
+            echo(info, nl=False, err=err)
+        try:
+            getchar()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
+            pass
+    finally:
+        if info:
+            echo(err=err)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb81d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import pdb
+import shlex
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import typing as t
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from . import _compat
+from . import formatting
+from . import termui
+from . import utils
+from ._compat import _find_binary_reader
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import ReadableBuffer
+
+    from .core import Command
+
+CaptureMode = t.Literal["sys", "fd"]
+
+
+class EchoingStdin:
+    def __init__(self, input: t.BinaryIO, output: t.BinaryIO) -> None:
+        self._input = input
+        self._output = output
+        self._paused = False
+
+    def __getattr__(self, x: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._input, x)
+
+    def _echo(self, rv: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not self._paused:
+            self._output.write(rv)
+
+        return rv
+
+    def read(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read(n))
+
+    def read1(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.read1(n))  # type: ignore
+
+    def readline(self, n: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        return self._echo(self._input.readline(n))
+
+    def readlines(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[bytes]:
+        return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._input)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _pause_echo(stream: EchoingStdin | None) -> cabc.Iterator[None]:
+    if stream is None:
+        yield
+    else:
+        stream._paused = True
+        yield
+        stream._paused = False
+
+
+class _FDCapture:
+    """Redirect a file descriptor to a temporary file for capture.
+
+    Saves the current target of *targetfd* via :func:`os.dup`, then
+    redirects it to a temporary file via :func:`os.dup2`. On
+    :meth:`stop`, restores the original ``fd`` and returns the captured
+    bytes. Inspired by Pytest's ``FDCapture``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, targetfd: int) -> None:
+        self._targetfd = targetfd
+        self.saved_fd: int = -1
+        self._tmpfile: t.BinaryIO | None = None
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self.saved_fd = os.dup(self._targetfd)
+        self._tmpfile = tempfile.TemporaryFile(buffering=0)
+        os.dup2(self._tmpfile.fileno(), self._targetfd)
+
+    def stop(self) -> bytes:
+        assert self._tmpfile is not None, "_FDCapture.start() was not called"
+        os.dup2(self.saved_fd, self._targetfd)
+        os.close(self.saved_fd)
+        self.saved_fd = -1
+        self._tmpfile.seek(0)
+        data = self._tmpfile.read()
+        self._tmpfile.close()
+        self._tmpfile = None
+        return data
+
+
+class BytesIOCopy(io.BytesIO):
+    """Patch ``io.BytesIO`` to let the written stream be copied to another.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, copy_to: io.BytesIO) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.copy_to = copy_to
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        super().flush()
+        self.copy_to.flush()
+
+    def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
+        self.copy_to.write(b)
+        return super().write(b)
+
+
+class StreamMixer:
+    """Mixes `<stdout>` and `<stderr>` streams.
+
+    The result is available in the ``output`` attribute.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.output: io.BytesIO = io.BytesIO()
+        self.stdout: io.BytesIO = BytesIOCopy(copy_to=self.output)
+        self.stderr: io.BytesIO = BytesIOCopy(copy_to=self.output)
+
+
+class _NamedTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper):
+    """A :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` with custom ``name`` and ``mode``
+    that does not close its underlying buffer.
+
+    When ``CliRunner`` runs in ``fd`` mode, ``_original_fd`` is patched to
+    point at the saved (pre-redirection) ``fd``, so C-level consumers that call
+    :meth:`fileno` (like ``faulthandler`` or ``subprocess``) keep working. In
+    the default ``sys`` mode ``_original_fd`` stays at ``-1`` and
+    :meth:`fileno` raises :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation`, matching the
+    pre-``8.3.3`` behavior.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        buffer: t.BinaryIO,
+        name: str,
+        mode: str,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(buffer, **kwargs)
+        self._name = name
+        self._mode = mode
+        self._original_fd: int = -1
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """The buffer this object contains belongs to some other object,
+        so prevent the default ``__del__`` implementation from closing
+        that buffer.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.3.2
+        """
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        """Return the file descriptor of the saved original stream when
+        ``CliRunner`` runs in ``fd`` mode. Otherwise delegate to
+        :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper`, which raises
+        :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation` for a ``BytesIO``-backed buffer.
+        """
+        if self._original_fd >= 0:
+            return self._original_fd
+        return super().fileno()
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self._mode
+
+
+def make_input_stream(
+    input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None, charset: str
+) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    # Is already an input stream.
+    if hasattr(input, "read"):
+        rv = _find_binary_reader(t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", input))
+
+        if rv is not None:
+            return rv
+
+        raise TypeError("Could not find binary reader for input stream.")
+
+    if input is None:
+        input = b""
+    elif isinstance(input, str):
+        input = input.encode(charset)
+
+    return io.BytesIO(input)
+
+
+class Result:
+    """Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script.
+
+    :param runner: The runner that created the result
+    :param stdout_bytes: The standard output as bytes.
+    :param stderr_bytes: The standard error as bytes.
+    :param output_bytes: A mix of ``stdout_bytes`` and ``stderr_bytes``, as the
+        user would see  it in its terminal.
+    :param return_value: The value returned from the invoked command.
+    :param exit_code: The exit code as integer.
+    :param exception: The exception that happened if one did.
+    :param exc_info: Exception information (exception type, exception instance,
+        traceback type).
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``stderr_bytes`` no longer optional, ``output_bytes`` introduced and
+        ``mix_stderr`` has been removed.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Added ``return_value``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        runner: CliRunner,
+        stdout_bytes: bytes,
+        stderr_bytes: bytes,
+        output_bytes: bytes,
+        return_value: t.Any,
+        exit_code: int,
+        exception: BaseException | None,
+        exc_info: tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+        | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.runner = runner
+        self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes
+        self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes
+        self.output_bytes = output_bytes
+        self.return_value = return_value
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+        self.exception = exception
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+
+    @property
+    def output(self) -> str:
+        """The terminal output as unicode string, as the user would see it.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            No longer a proxy for ``self.stdout``. Now has its own independent stream
+            that is mixing `<stdout>` and `<stderr>`, in the order they were written.
+        """
+        return self.output_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stdout(self) -> str:
+        """The standard output as unicode string."""
+        return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def stderr(self) -> str:
+        """The standard error as unicode string.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            No longer raise an exception, always returns the `<stderr>` string.
+        """
+        return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, "replace").replace(
+            "\r\n", "\n"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        exc_str = repr(self.exception) if self.exception else "okay"
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {exc_str}>"
+
+
+class CliRunner:
+    """The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line
+    script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment.  This only
+    works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the
+    global interpreter state.
+
+    :param charset: the character set for the input and output data.
+    :param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding.
+    :param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from `<stdin>` writes
+                       to `<stdout>`.  This is useful for showing examples in
+                       some circumstances.  Note that regular prompts
+                       will automatically echo the input.
+    :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any exceptions other than
+                             ``SystemExit`` when running :meth:`~CliRunner.invoke`.
+    :param capture: Selects the output capture strategy. ``sys`` (default)
+        captures Python-level writes only and leaves
+        :meth:`sys.stdout.fileno` raising :exc:`io.UnsupportedOperation`, so
+        user code that calls :func:`os.dup2` on ``sys.stdout.fileno()`` cannot
+        clobber the host runner's stdout. ``fd`` redirects file descriptors
+        ``1`` and ``2`` via :func:`os.dup2` to a temporary file, also catching
+        output from stale stream references, C extensions, and subprocesses.
+        ``fd`` is not supported on Windows.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Added the ``capture`` parameter. The default ``sys`` mode no longer
+        exposes the original fd through :meth:`fileno`, reverting the change
+        introduced in ``8.3.3`` that broke Pytest's ``fd``-level capture
+        teardown. Use ``capture="fd"`` to restore that behavior with proper
+        isolation. :issue:`3384`
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+        ``mix_stderr`` parameter has been removed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        charset: str = "utf-8",
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        echo_stdin: bool = False,
+        catch_exceptions: bool = True,
+        capture: CaptureMode = "sys",
+    ) -> None:
+        if capture not in {"sys", "fd"}:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"capture={capture!r} is not valid. Choose from 'sys' or 'fd'."
+            )
+        if capture == "fd" and sys.platform == "win32":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"capture={capture!r} is not supported on Windows. Use 'sys'."
+            )
+        self.charset = charset
+        self.env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] = env or {}
+        self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin
+        self.catch_exceptions = catch_exceptions
+        self.capture: CaptureMode = capture
+
+    def get_default_prog_name(self, cli: Command) -> str:
+        """Given a command object it will return the default program name
+        for it.  The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not
+        set.
+        """
+        return cli.name or "root"
+
+    def make_env(
+        self, overrides: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Mapping[str, str | None]:
+        """Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script."""
+        rv = dict(self.env)
+        if overrides:
+            rv.update(overrides)
+        return rv
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolation(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+    ) -> cabc.Iterator[tuple[io.BytesIO, io.BytesIO, io.BytesIO]]:
+        """A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a
+        command line tool.  This sets up `<stdin>` with the given input data
+        and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary.
+        This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the
+        prompt functionality).
+
+        This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method.
+
+        :param input: the input stream to put into `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides as dictionary.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+            An additional output stream is returned, which is a mix of
+            `<stdout>` and `<stderr>` streams.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            Always returns the `<stderr>` stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            `<stderr>` is opened with ``errors="backslashreplace"``
+            instead of the default ``"strict"``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+        """
+        bytes_input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset)
+        echo_input = None
+
+        old_stdin = sys.stdin
+        old_stdout = sys.stdout
+        old_stderr = sys.stderr
+        old_forced_width = formatting.FORCED_WIDTH
+        formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80
+
+        env = self.make_env(env)
+
+        stream_mixer = StreamMixer()
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            bytes_input = echo_input = t.cast(
+                t.BinaryIO, EchoingStdin(bytes_input, stream_mixer.stdout)
+            )
+
+        sys.stdin = text_input = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            bytes_input, encoding=self.charset, name="<stdin>", mode="r"
+        )
+
+        if self.echo_stdin:
+            # Force unbuffered reads, otherwise TextIOWrapper reads a
+            # large chunk which is echoed early.
+            text_input._CHUNK_SIZE = 1  # type: ignore
+
+        sys.stdout = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            stream_mixer.stdout,
+            encoding=self.charset,
+            name="<stdout>",
+            mode="w",
+        )
+
+        sys.stderr = _NamedTextIOWrapper(
+            stream_mixer.stderr,
+            encoding=self.charset,
+            name="<stderr>",
+            mode="w",
+            errors="backslashreplace",
+        )
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def visible_input(prompt: str | None = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(prompt or "")
+            try:
+                val = next(text_input).rstrip("\r\n")
+            except StopIteration as e:
+                raise EOFError() from e
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{val}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return val
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def hidden_input(prompt: str | None = None) -> str:
+            sys.stdout.write(f"{prompt or ''}\n")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            try:
+                return next(text_input).rstrip("\r\n")
+            except StopIteration as e:
+                raise EOFError() from e
+
+        @_pause_echo(echo_input)  # type: ignore
+        def _getchar(echo: bool) -> str:
+            char = sys.stdin.read(1)
+
+            if echo:
+                sys.stdout.write(char)
+
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            return char
+
+        default_color = color
+
+        def should_strip_ansi(
+            stream: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None, color: bool | None = None
+        ) -> bool:
+            if color is None:
+                return not default_color
+            return not color
+
+        old_visible_prompt_func = termui.visible_prompt_func
+        old_hidden_prompt_func = termui.hidden_prompt_func
+        old__getchar_func = termui._getchar
+        old_should_strip_ansi = utils.should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        old__compat_should_strip_ansi = _compat.should_strip_ansi
+        old_pdb_init = pdb.Pdb.__init__
+        termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input
+        termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input
+        termui._getchar = _getchar
+        utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+        _compat.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi
+
+        def _patched_pdb_init(
+            self: pdb.Pdb,
+            completekey: str = "tab",
+            stdin: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+            stdout: t.IO[str] | None = None,
+            **kwargs: t.Any,
+        ) -> None:
+            """Default ``pdb.Pdb`` to real terminal streams during
+            ``CliRunner`` isolation.
+
+            Without this patch, ``pdb.Pdb.__init__`` inherits from
+            ``cmd.Cmd`` which falls back to ``sys.stdin``/``sys.stdout``
+            when no explicit streams are provided. During isolation
+            those are ``BytesIO``-backed wrappers, so the debugger
+            reads from an empty buffer and writes to captured output,
+            making interactive debugging impossible.
+
+            By defaulting to ``sys.__stdin__``/``sys.__stdout__`` (the
+            original terminal streams Python preserves regardless of
+            redirection), debuggers can interact with the user while
+            ``click.echo`` output is still captured normally.
+
+            This covers ``pdb.set_trace()``, ``breakpoint()``,
+            ``pdb.post_mortem()``, and debuggers that subclass
+            ``pdb.Pdb`` (ipdb, pdbpp). Explicit ``stdin``/``stdout``
+            arguments are honored and not overridden. Debuggers that
+            do not subclass ``pdb.Pdb`` (pudb, debugpy) are not
+            covered.
+            """
+            if stdin is None:
+                stdin = sys.__stdin__
+            if stdout is None:
+                stdout = sys.__stdout__
+            old_pdb_init(
+                self, completekey=completekey, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        pdb.Pdb.__init__ = _patched_pdb_init  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        old_env = {}
+        try:
+            for key, value in env.items():
+                old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key)
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            yield (stream_mixer.stdout, stream_mixer.stderr, stream_mixer.output)
+        finally:
+            for key, value in old_env.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del os.environ[key]
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    os.environ[key] = value
+            sys.stdout = old_stdout
+            sys.stderr = old_stderr
+            sys.stdin = old_stdin
+            termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func
+            termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func
+            termui._getchar = old__getchar_func
+            utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi  # type: ignore
+            _compat.should_strip_ansi = old__compat_should_strip_ansi
+            formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width
+            pdb.Pdb.__init__ = old_pdb_init  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+    def invoke(
+        self,
+        cli: Command,
+        args: str | cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        input: str | bytes | t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+        env: cabc.Mapping[str, str | None] | None = None,
+        catch_exceptions: bool | None = None,
+        color: bool = False,
+        **extra: t.Any,
+    ) -> Result:
+        """Invokes a command in an isolated environment.  The arguments are
+        forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword
+        arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of
+        the command.
+
+        This returns a :class:`Result` object.
+
+        :param cli: the command to invoke
+        :param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable
+                     or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted
+                     as a Unix shell command. More details at
+                     :func:`shlex.split`.
+        :param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`.
+        :param env: the environment overrides.
+        :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than
+                                 ``SystemExit``. If :data:`None`, the value
+                                 from :class:`CliRunner` is used.
+        :param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`.
+        :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The
+                      application can still override this explicitly.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+            The result object has the ``output_bytes`` attribute with
+            the mix of ``stdout_bytes`` and ``stderr_bytes``, as the user would
+            see it in its terminal.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2
+            The result object always returns the ``stderr_bytes`` stream.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            The result object has the ``return_value`` attribute with
+            the value returned from the invoked command.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+            Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            Added the ``catch_exceptions`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.0
+            The result object has the ``exc_info`` attribute with the
+            traceback if available.
+        """
+        exc_info = None
+        if catch_exceptions is None:
+            catch_exceptions = self.catch_exceptions
+
+        # Set up fd capture before isolation replaces sys.stdout and sys.stderr.
+        cap_out: _FDCapture | None = None
+        cap_err: _FDCapture | None = None
+
+        if self.capture == "fd":
+            cap_out = _FDCapture(1)
+            cap_err = _FDCapture(2)
+            try:
+                cap_out.start()
+                cap_err.start()
+            except OSError:
+                cap_out = cap_err = None
+
+        with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams:
+            # Point the captured streams' fileno() at the saved (original)
+            # fd so that C-level consumers like faulthandler keep working
+            # while fd 1/2 are redirected to the capture tmpfile.
+            if cap_out is not None and cap_err is not None:
+                sys.stdout._original_fd = cap_out.saved_fd  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+                sys.stderr._original_fd = cap_err.saved_fd  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+            return_value = None
+            exception: BaseException | None = None
+            exit_code = 0
+
+            if isinstance(args, str):
+                args = shlex.split(args)
+
+            try:
+                prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name")
+            except KeyError:
+                prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli)
+
+            try:
+                return_value = cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra)
+            except SystemExit as e:
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+                e_code = t.cast("int | t.Any | None", e.code)
+
+                if e_code is None:
+                    e_code = 0
+
+                if e_code != 0:
+                    exception = e
+
+                if not isinstance(e_code, int):
+                    sys.stdout.write(str(e_code))
+                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+                    e_code = 1
+
+                exit_code = e_code
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                if not catch_exceptions:
+                    raise
+                exception = e
+                exit_code = 1
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            finally:
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+
+                # Stop fd capture and merge the captured bytes into
+                # the stdout/stderr BytesIO streams. BytesIOCopy mirrors
+                # those writes into outstreams[2] automatically.
+                if cap_out is not None and cap_err is not None:
+                    fd_out = cap_out.stop()
+                    fd_err = cap_err.stop()
+                    if fd_out:
+                        outstreams[0].write(fd_out)
+                    if fd_err:
+                        outstreams[1].write(fd_err)
+
+                stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue()
+                stderr = outstreams[1].getvalue()
+                output = outstreams[2].getvalue()
+
+        return Result(
+            runner=self,
+            stdout_bytes=stdout,
+            stderr_bytes=stderr,
+            output_bytes=output,
+            return_value=return_value,
+            exit_code=exit_code,
+            exception=exception,
+            exc_info=exc_info,  # type: ignore
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def isolated_filesystem(
+        self, temp_dir: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Iterator[str]:
+        """A context manager that creates a temporary directory and
+        changes the current working directory to it. This isolates tests
+        that affect the contents of the CWD to prevent them from
+        interfering with each other.
+
+        :param temp_dir: Create the temporary directory under this
+            directory. If given, the created directory is not removed
+            when exiting.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+            Added the ``temp_dir`` parameter.
+        """
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+        dt = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=temp_dir)
+        os.chdir(dt)
+
+        try:
+            yield dt
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+
+            if temp_dir is None:
+                import shutil
+
+                try:
+                    shutil.rmtree(dt)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c2d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1309 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import enum
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+import typing as t
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from gettext import ngettext
+
+from ._compat import _get_argv_encoding
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from .exceptions import BadParameter
+from .utils import format_filename
+from .utils import LazyFile
+from .utils import safecall
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    from .core import Context
+    from .core import Parameter
+    from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+ParamTypeValue = t.TypeVar("ParamTypeValue")
+
+
+class ParamTypeInfoDict(t.TypedDict):
+    param_type: str
+    name: str
+
+
+class ParamType(t.Generic[ParamTypeValue], abc.ABC):
+    """Represents the type of a parameter. Validates and converts values
+    from the command line or Python into the correct type.
+
+    To implement a custom type, subclass and implement at least the
+    following:
+
+    -   The :attr:`name` class attribute must be set.
+    -   Calling an instance of the type with ``None`` must return
+        ``None``. This is already implemented by default.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must convert string values to the correct type.
+    -   :meth:`convert` must accept values that are already the correct
+        type.
+    -   It must be able to convert a value if the ``ctx`` and ``param``
+        arguments are ``None``. This can occur when converting prompt
+        input.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Now a generic abstract base class. Parameterize with the
+        converted value type (``ParamType[int]`` for an integer-returning
+        type) so that :meth:`convert` and downstream consumers carry the
+        narrowed return type.
+    """
+
+    is_composite: t.ClassVar[bool] = False
+    arity: t.ClassVar[int] = 1
+
+    #: the descriptive name of this type
+    name: str
+
+    #: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a
+    #: string environment variable, this is what splits it up.  `None`
+    #: means any whitespace.  For all parameters the general rule is that
+    #: whitespace splits them up.  The exception are paths and files which
+    #: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on
+    #: Windows).
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str | None] = None
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> ParamTypeInfoDict:
+        """Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
+        user-facing documentation.
+
+        Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
+        CLI structure.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        # The class name without the "ParamType" suffix.
+        param_type = type(self).__name__.partition("ParamType")[0]
+        param_type = param_type.partition("ParameterType")[0]
+
+        # Custom subclasses might not remember to set a name.
+        if hasattr(self, "name"):
+            name = self.name
+        else:
+            name = param_type
+
+        return {"param_type": param_type, "name": name}
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        value: t.Any,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue | None:
+        if value is not None:
+            return self.convert(value, param, ctx)
+        return None
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        """Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one."""
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context | None) -> str | None:
+        """Optionally might return extra information about a missing
+        parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        """Convert the value to the correct type. This is not called if
+        the value is ``None`` (the missing value).
+
+        This must accept string values from the command line, as well as
+        values that are already the correct type. It may also convert
+        other compatible types.
+
+        The ``param`` and ``ctx`` arguments may be ``None`` in certain
+        situations, such as when converting prompt input.
+
+        If the value cannot be converted, call :meth:`fail` with a
+        descriptive message.
+
+        :param value: The value to convert.
+        :param param: The parameter that is using this type to convert
+            its value. May be ``None``.
+        :param ctx: The current context that arrived at this value. May
+            be ``None``.
+        """
+        # The default returns the value as-is so subclasses that only customize
+        # metadata are not forced to redeclare ``convert``.
+        return t.cast("ParamTypeValue", value)
+
+    def split_envvar_value(self, rv: str) -> cabc.Sequence[str]:
+        """Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up
+        into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter.
+
+        If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits,
+        then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.  Otherwise, leading
+        and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included.
+        """
+        return (rv or "").split(self.envvar_list_splitter)
+
+    def fail(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        param: Parameter | None = None,
+        ctx: Context | None = None,
+    ) -> t.NoReturn:
+        """Helper method to fail with an invalid value message."""
+        raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a list of
+        :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` objects for the
+        incomplete value. Most types do not provide completions, but
+        some do, and this allows custom types to provide custom
+        completions as well.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        return []
+
+
+class CompositeParamType(ParamType[ParamTypeValue]):
+    is_composite = True
+
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def arity(self) -> int: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+
+class FuncParamTypeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    func: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any]
+
+
+class FuncParamType(ParamType[ParamTypeValue]):
+    def __init__(self, func: t.Callable[[t.Any], ParamTypeValue]) -> None:
+        self.name: str = func.__name__
+        self.func = func
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> FuncParamTypeInfoDict:
+        return {"func": self.func, **super().to_info_dict()}
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        try:
+            return self.func(value)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            message = str(exc)
+
+            if not message:
+                try:
+                    message = str(value)
+                except UnicodeError:
+                    message = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+
+            self.fail(message, param, ctx)
+
+
+class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType[t.Any]):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> t.Any:
+        return value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UNPROCESSED"
+
+
+class StringParamType(ParamType[str]):
+    name = "text"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> str:
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            enc = _get_argv_encoding()
+            try:
+                value = value.decode(enc)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                fs_enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+                if fs_enc != enc:
+                    try:
+                        value = value.decode(fs_enc)
+                    except UnicodeError:
+                        value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+                else:
+                    value = value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+            return value  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        return str(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "STRING"
+
+
+class ChoiceInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    choices: cabc.Sequence[t.Any]
+    case_sensitive: bool
+
+
+class Choice(ParamType[ParamTypeValue], t.Generic[ParamTypeValue]):
+    """The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set
+    of supported values.
+
+    You may pass any iterable value which will be converted to a tuple
+    and thus will only be iterated once.
+
+    The resulting value will always be one of the originally passed choices.
+    See :meth:`normalize_choice` for more info on the mapping of strings
+    to choices. See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example.
+
+    :param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case
+        insensitive. Defaults to true.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.4.0
+        Now generic in the choice value type. Parameterize with the type of
+        the choice values (``Choice[HashType]`` for an enum, ``Choice[str]``
+        for plain strings) to enable type-checked consumers.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0
+        Non-``str`` ``choices`` are now supported. It can additionally be any
+        iterable. Before you were not recommended to pass anything but a list or
+        tuple.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
+        Choice normalization can be overridden via :meth:`normalize_choice`.
+    """
+
+    name = "choice"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, choices: cabc.Iterable[ParamTypeValue], case_sensitive: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        self.choices: cabc.Sequence[ParamTypeValue] = tuple(choices)
+        self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> ChoiceInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "choices": self.choices,
+            "case_sensitive": self.case_sensitive,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def _normalized_mapping(
+        self, ctx: Context | None = None
+    ) -> cabc.Mapping[ParamTypeValue, str]:
+        """
+        Returns mapping where keys are the original choices and the values are
+        the normalized values that are accepted via the command line.
+
+        This is a simple wrapper around :meth:`normalize_choice`, use that
+        instead which is supported.
+        """
+        return {
+            choice: self.normalize_choice(
+                choice=choice,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+            for choice in self.choices
+        }
+
+    def normalize_choice(self, choice: ParamTypeValue, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize a choice value, used to map a passed string to a choice.
+        Each choice must have a unique normalized value.
+
+        By default uses :meth:`Context.token_normalize_func` and if not case
+        sensitive, convert it to a casefolded value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
+        """
+        normed_value = choice.name if isinstance(choice, enum.Enum) else str(choice)
+
+        if ctx is not None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
+            normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(normed_value)
+
+        if not self.case_sensitive:
+            normed_value = normed_value.casefold()
+
+        return normed_value
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        if param.param_type_name == "option" and not param.show_choices:  # type: ignore
+            choice_metavars = [
+                convert_type(type(choice)).name.upper() for choice in self.choices
+            ]
+            choices_str = "|".join([*dict.fromkeys(choice_metavars)])
+        else:
+            choices_str = "|".join(
+                [str(i) for i in self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values()]
+            )
+
+        # Use curly braces to indicate a required argument.
+        if param.required and param.param_type_name == "argument":
+            return f"{{{choices_str}}}"
+
+        # Use square braces to indicate an option or optional argument.
+        return f"[{choices_str}]"
+
+    def get_missing_message(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """
+        Message shown when no choice is passed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 8.2.0 Added ``ctx`` argument.
+        """
+        return _("Choose from:\n\t{choices}").format(
+            choices=",\n\t".join(self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values())
+        )
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        """
+        For a given value from the parser, normalize it and find its
+        matching normalized value in the list of choices. Then return the
+        matched "original" choice.
+        """
+        normed_value = self.normalize_choice(choice=value, ctx=ctx)
+        normalized_mapping = self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx)
+
+        try:
+            return next(
+                original
+                for original, normalized in normalized_mapping.items()
+                if normalized == normed_value
+            )
+        except StopIteration:
+            self.fail(
+                self.get_invalid_choice_message(value=value, ctx=ctx),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+    def get_invalid_choice_message(self, value: t.Any, ctx: Context | None) -> str:
+        """Get the error message when the given choice is invalid.
+
+        :param value: The invalid value.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.2
+        """
+        choices_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self._normalized_mapping(ctx=ctx).values()))
+        return ngettext(
+            "{value!r} is not {choice}.",
+            "{value!r} is not one of {choices}.",
+            len(self.choices),
+        ).format(value=value, choice=choices_str, choices=choices_str)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return _("Choice({choices})").format(choices=list(self.choices))
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Complete choices that start with the incomplete value.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        str_choices = [self.normalize_choice(choice, ctx) for choice in self.choices]
+        if self.case_sensitive:
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.startswith(incomplete))
+        else:
+            incomplete = incomplete.lower()
+            matched = (c for c in str_choices if c.lower().startswith(incomplete))
+
+        return [CompletionItem(c) for c in matched]
+
+
+class DateTimeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    formats: cabc.Sequence[str]
+
+
+class DateTime(ParamType[datetime]):
+    """The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects.
+
+    The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some
+    common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats.
+
+    When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple.
+    Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results.
+
+    The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this
+    consequently defines the format strings which are allowed.
+
+    Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which
+    parses successfully is used.
+
+    :param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in
+                    which they should be tried. Defaults to
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``,
+                    ``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``.
+    """
+
+    name = "datetime"
+
+    def __init__(self, formats: cabc.Sequence[str] | None = None):
+        self.formats: cabc.Sequence[str] = formats or [
+            "%Y-%m-%d",
+            "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
+            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        ]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> DateTimeInfoDict:
+        return {"formats": self.formats, **super().to_info_dict()}
+
+    def get_metavar(self, param: Parameter, ctx: Context) -> str | None:
+        return f"[{'|'.join(self.formats)}]"
+
+    def _try_to_convert_date(self, value: t.Any, format: str) -> datetime | None:
+        try:
+            return datetime.strptime(value, format)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> datetime:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return value
+
+        for format in self.formats:
+            converted = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format)
+
+            if converted is not None:
+                return converted
+
+        formats_str = ", ".join(map(repr, self.formats))
+        self.fail(
+            ngettext(
+                "{value!r} does not match the format {format}.",
+                "{value!r} does not match the formats {formats}.",
+                len(self.formats),
+            ).format(value=value, format=formats_str, formats=formats_str),
+            param,
+            ctx,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "DateTime"
+
+
+class _NumberParamTypeBase(ParamType[ParamTypeValue]):
+    _number_class: t.Callable[[t.Any], ParamTypeValue]
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        try:
+            return self._number_class(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid {number_type}.").format(
+                    value=value, number_type=self.name
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+
+class NumberRangeInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    min: float | None
+    max: float | None
+    min_open: bool
+    max_open: bool
+    clamp: bool
+
+
+class _NumberRangeBase(_NumberParamTypeBase[ParamTypeValue]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: float | None = None,
+        max: float | None = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.min = min
+        self.max = max
+        self.min_open = min_open
+        self.max_open = max_open
+        self.clamp = clamp
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> NumberRangeInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "min": self.min,
+            "max": self.max,
+            "min_open": self.min_open,
+            "max_open": self.max_open,
+            "clamp": self.clamp,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        import operator
+
+        rv = super().convert(value, param, ctx)
+        min = self.min
+        max = self.max
+        lt_min: bool = min is not None and (
+            operator.le if self.min_open else operator.lt
+        )(rv, min)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        gt_max: bool = max is not None and (
+            operator.ge if self.max_open else operator.gt
+        )(rv, max)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        if self.clamp:
+            if min is not None and lt_min:
+                return self._clamp(min, 1, self.min_open)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+            if max is not None and gt_max:
+                return self._clamp(max, -1, self.max_open)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        if lt_min or gt_max:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value} is not in the range {range}.").format(
+                    value=rv, range=self._describe_range()
+                ),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+        return rv
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _clamp(
+        self, bound: ParamTypeValue, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool
+    ) -> ParamTypeValue:
+        """Find the valid value to clamp to bound in the given
+        direction.
+
+        :param bound: The boundary value.
+        :param dir: 1 or -1 indicating the direction to move.
+        :param open: If true, the range does not include the bound.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def _describe_range(self) -> str:
+        """Describe the range for use in help text."""
+        if self.min is None:
+            op = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+            return f"x{op}{self.max}"
+
+        if self.max is None:
+            op = ">" if self.min_open else ">="
+            return f"x{op}{self.min}"
+
+        lop = "<" if self.min_open else "<="
+        rop = "<" if self.max_open else "<="
+        return f"{self.min}{lop}x{rop}{self.max}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        clamp = " clamped" if self.clamp else ""
+        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self._describe_range()}{clamp}>"
+
+
+class IntParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase[int]):
+    name = "integer"
+    _number_class = int
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "INT"
+
+
+class IntRange(_NumberRangeBase[int], IntParamType):
+    """Restrict an :data:`click.INT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "integer range"
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: int, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool) -> int:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        return bound + dir
+
+
+class FloatParamType(_NumberParamTypeBase[float]):
+    name = "float"
+    _number_class = float
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "FLOAT"
+
+
+class FloatRange(_NumberRangeBase[float], FloatParamType):
+    """Restrict a :data:`click.FLOAT` value to a range of accepted
+    values. See :ref:`ranges`.
+
+    If ``min`` or ``max`` are not passed, any value is accepted in that
+    direction. If ``min_open`` or ``max_open`` are enabled, the
+    corresponding boundary is not included in the range.
+
+    If ``clamp`` is enabled, a value outside the range is clamped to the
+    boundary instead of failing. This is not supported if either
+    boundary is marked ``open``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Added the ``min_open`` and ``max_open`` parameters.
+    """
+
+    name = "float range"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        min: float | None = None,
+        max: float | None = None,
+        min_open: bool = False,
+        max_open: bool = False,
+        clamp: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            min=min, max=max, min_open=min_open, max_open=max_open, clamp=clamp
+        )
+
+        if (min_open or max_open) and clamp:
+            raise TypeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+    def _clamp(self, bound: float, dir: t.Literal[1, -1], open: bool) -> float:
+        if not open:
+            return bound
+
+        # Could use math.nextafter here, but clamping an
+        # open float range doesn't seem to be particularly useful. It's
+        # left up to the user to write a callback to do it if needed.
+        raise RuntimeError("Clamping is not supported for open bounds.")
+
+
+class BoolParamType(ParamType[bool]):
+    name = "boolean"
+
+    bool_states: dict[str, bool] = {
+        "1": True,
+        "0": False,
+        "yes": True,
+        "no": False,
+        "true": True,
+        "false": False,
+        "on": True,
+        "off": False,
+        "t": True,
+        "f": False,
+        "y": True,
+        "n": False,
+        # Absence of value is considered False.
+        "": False,
+    }
+    """A mapping of string values to boolean states.
+
+    Mapping is inspired by :py:attr:`configparser.ConfigParser.BOOLEAN_STATES`
+    and extends it.
+
+    .. caution::
+        String values are lower-cased, as the ``str_to_bool`` comparison function
+        below is case-insensitive.
+
+    .. warning::
+        The mapping is not exhaustive, and does not cover all possible boolean strings
+        representations. It will remains as it is to avoid endless bikeshedding.
+
+        Future work my be considered to make this mapping user-configurable from public
+        API.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def str_to_bool(value: str | bool) -> bool | None:
+        """Convert a string to a boolean value.
+
+        If the value is already a boolean, it is returned as-is. If the value is a
+        string, it is stripped of whitespaces and lower-cased, then checked against
+        the known boolean states pre-defined in the `BoolParamType.bool_states` mapping
+        above.
+
+        Returns `None` if the value does not match any known boolean state.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            return value
+        return BoolParamType.bool_states.get(value.strip().lower())
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> bool:
+        normalized = self.str_to_bool(value)
+        if normalized is None:
+            self.fail(
+                _(
+                    "{value!r} is not a valid boolean. Recognized values: {states}"
+                ).format(value=value, states=", ".join(sorted(self.bool_states))),
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+        return normalized
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "BOOL"
+
+
+class UUIDParameterType(ParamType[uuid.UUID]):
+    name = "uuid"
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> uuid.UUID:
+        if isinstance(value, uuid.UUID):
+            return value
+
+        value = value.strip()
+
+        try:
+            return uuid.UUID(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fail(
+                _("{value!r} is not a valid UUID.").format(value=value), param, ctx
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "UUID"
+
+
+class FileInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+
+
+class File(ParamType[t.IO[t.Any]]):
+    """Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing.  The file
+    is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command
+    finished working).
+
+    Files can be opened for reading or writing.  The special value ``-``
+    indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode.
+
+    By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be
+    opened in binary mode or for writing.  The encoding parameter can be used
+    to force a specific encoding.
+
+    The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon
+    first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output
+    streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a
+    file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but
+    will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening
+    for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed.
+
+    Files can also be opened atomically in which case all writes go into a
+    separate file in the same folder and upon completion the file will
+    be moved over to the original location.  This is useful if a file
+    regularly read by other users is modified.
+
+    See :ref:`file-args` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Added the ``atomic`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    name = "filename"
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = "strict",
+        lazy: bool | None = None,
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.lazy = lazy
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> FileInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "mode": self.mode,
+            "encoding": self.encoding,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> bool:
+        if self.lazy is not None:
+            return self.lazy
+        if os.fspath(value) == "-":
+            return False
+        elif "w" in self.mode:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: str | os.PathLike[str] | t.IO[t.Any],
+        param: Parameter | None,
+        ctx: Context | None,
+    ) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        if _is_file_like(value):
+            return value
+
+        value = t.cast("str | os.PathLike[str]", value)
+
+        try:
+            lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value)
+
+            if lazy:
+                lf = LazyFile(
+                    value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+                )
+
+                if ctx is not None:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(lf.close_intelligently)
+
+                return t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", lf)
+
+            f, should_close = open_stream(
+                value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+
+            # If a context is provided, we automatically close the file
+            # at the end of the context execution (or flush out).  If a
+            # context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to
+            # properly close the file.  This for instance happens when the
+            # type is used with prompts.
+            if ctx is not None:
+                if should_close:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close))
+                else:
+                    ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush))
+
+            return f
+        except OSError as e:
+            self.fail(
+                f"'{format_filename(value)}': {e.strerror}",
+                param,
+                ctx,
+            )
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide file path completions.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type="file")]
+
+
+def _is_file_like(value: t.Any) -> te.TypeGuard[t.IO[t.Any]]:
+    return hasattr(value, "read") or hasattr(value, "write")
+
+
+class PathInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    exists: bool
+    file_okay: bool
+    dir_okay: bool
+    writable: bool
+    readable: bool
+    allow_dash: bool
+
+
+class Path(ParamType[str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]]):
+    """The ``Path`` type is similar to the :class:`File` type, but
+    returns the filename instead of an open file. Various checks can be
+    enabled to validate the type of file and permissions.
+
+    :param exists: The file or directory needs to exist for the value to
+        be valid. If this is not set to ``True``, and the file does not
+        exist, then all further checks are silently skipped.
+    :param file_okay: Allow a file as a value.
+    :param dir_okay: Allow a directory as a value.
+    :param readable: if true, a readable check is performed.
+    :param writable: if true, a writable check is performed.
+    :param executable: if true, an executable check is performed.
+    :param resolve_path: Make the value absolute and resolve any
+        symlinks. A ``~`` is not expanded, as this is supposed to be
+        done by the shell only.
+    :param allow_dash: Allow a single dash as a value, which indicates
+        a standard stream (but does not open it). Use
+        :func:`~click.open_file` to handle opening this value.
+    :param path_type: Convert the incoming path value to this type. If
+        ``None``, keep Python's default, which is ``str``. Useful to
+        convert to :class:`pathlib.Path`.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Added the ``executable`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.0
+        Allow passing ``path_type=pathlib.Path``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Added the ``allow_dash`` parameter.
+    """
+
+    envvar_list_splitter: t.ClassVar[str] = os.path.pathsep
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exists: bool = False,
+        file_okay: bool = True,
+        dir_okay: bool = True,
+        writable: bool = False,
+        readable: bool = True,
+        resolve_path: bool = False,
+        allow_dash: bool = False,
+        path_type: type[t.Any] | None = None,
+        executable: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.exists = exists
+        self.file_okay = file_okay
+        self.dir_okay = dir_okay
+        self.readable = readable
+        self.writable = writable
+        self.executable = executable
+        self.resolve_path = resolve_path
+        self.allow_dash = allow_dash
+        self.type = path_type
+
+        if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay:
+            self.name: str = _("file")
+        elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay:
+            self.name = _("directory")
+        else:
+            self.name = _("path")
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> PathInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "exists": self.exists,
+            "file_okay": self.file_okay,
+            "dir_okay": self.dir_okay,
+            "writable": self.writable,
+            "readable": self.readable,
+            "allow_dash": self.allow_dash,
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def coerce_path_result(
+        self, value: str | os.PathLike[str]
+    ) -> str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]:
+        if self.type is not None and not isinstance(value, self.type):
+            if self.type is str:
+                return os.fsdecode(value)
+            elif self.type is bytes:
+                return os.fsencode(value)
+            else:
+                return t.cast("os.PathLike[str]", self.type(value))
+
+        return value
+
+    def convert(
+        self,
+        value: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        param: Parameter | None,
+        ctx: Context | None,
+    ) -> str | bytes | os.PathLike[str]:
+        rv = value
+
+        is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b"-", "-")
+
+        if not is_dash:
+            if self.resolve_path:
+                rv = os.path.realpath(rv)
+
+            try:
+                st = os.stat(rv)
+            except OSError:
+                if not self.exists:
+                    return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} does not exist.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a file.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+            if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is a directory.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.readable and not os.access(rv, os.R_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not readable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.writable and not os.access(rv, os.W_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not writable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+            if self.executable and not os.access(value, os.X_OK):
+                self.fail(
+                    _("{name} {filename!r} is not executable.").format(
+                        name=self.name.title(), filename=format_filename(value)
+                    ),
+                    param,
+                    ctx,
+                )
+
+        return self.coerce_path_result(rv)
+
+    def shell_complete(
+        self, ctx: Context, param: Parameter, incomplete: str
+    ) -> list[CompletionItem]:
+        """Return a special completion marker that tells the completion
+        system to use the shell to provide path completions for only
+        directories or any paths.
+
+        :param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
+        :param param: The parameter that is requesting completion.
+        :param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        """
+        from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
+
+        type = "dir" if self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay else "file"
+        return [CompletionItem(incomplete, type=type)]
+
+
+class TupleInfoDict(ParamTypeInfoDict):
+    types: cabc.Sequence[ParamTypeInfoDict]
+
+
+class Tuple(CompositeParamType[tuple[t.Any, ...]]):
+    """The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly.
+    This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed
+    count and different types should be used for different items.  In this
+    case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used.  This type can only be used
+    if `nargs` is set to a fixed number.
+
+    For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`.
+
+    This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type.
+
+    :param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, types: cabc.Sequence[type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any]]) -> None:
+        self.types: cabc.Sequence[ParamType[t.Any]] = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types]
+
+    def to_info_dict(self) -> TupleInfoDict:
+        return {
+            "types": [ty.to_info_dict() for ty in self.types],
+            **super().to_info_dict(),
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return f"<{' '.join(ty.name for ty in self.types)}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arity(self) -> int:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return len(self.types)
+
+    def convert(
+        self, value: t.Any, param: Parameter | None, ctx: Context | None
+    ) -> tuple[t.Any, ...]:
+        len_type = len(self.types)
+        len_value = len(value)
+
+        if len_value != len_type:
+            self.fail(
+                ngettext(
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} was given.",
+                    "{len_type} values are required, but {len_value} were given.",
+                    len_value,
+                ).format(len_type=len_type, len_value=len_value),
+                param=param,
+                ctx=ctx,
+            )
+
+        return tuple(
+            ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value, strict=False)
+        )
+
+
+def _guess_type(
+    ty: type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any] | None,
+    default: t.Any | None,
+) -> type[t.Any] | tuple[type[t.Any], ...] | ParamType[t.Any] | None:
+    """Infer a type from *ty* or *default*.
+
+    Returns *ty* unchanged when it is not ``None``.  Otherwise inspects
+    *default* to produce a ``type``, a ``tuple`` of types (for tuple
+    defaults), or ``None``.
+    """
+    if ty is not None:
+        return ty
+
+    if default is None:
+        return None
+
+    if not isinstance(default, (tuple, list)):
+        return type(default)
+
+    # If the default is empty, return None so convert_type falls
+    # through to STRING.
+    if not default:
+        return None
+
+    item = default[0]
+
+    # A sequence of iterables needs to detect the inner types.
+    # Can't call convert_type recursively because that would
+    # incorrectly unwind the tuple to a single type.
+    if isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
+        return tuple(map(type, item))
+
+    return type(item)
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(ty: None, default: None = None) -> StringParamType: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(
+    ty: type[t.Any] | ParamType[t.Any], default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def convert_type(
+    ty: t.Any | None, default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]: ...
+
+
+def convert_type(
+    ty: t.Any | None = None, default: t.Any | None = None
+) -> ParamType[t.Any]:
+    """Find the most appropriate :class:`ParamType` for the given Python
+    type. If the type isn't provided, it can be inferred from a default
+    value.
+    """
+    guessed = _guess_type(ty, default)
+    is_guessed = guessed is not ty
+
+    if isinstance(guessed, tuple):
+        return Tuple(guessed)
+
+    if isinstance(guessed, ParamType):
+        return guessed
+
+    if guessed is str or guessed is None:
+        return STRING
+
+    if guessed is int:
+        return INT
+
+    if guessed is float:
+        return FLOAT
+
+    if guessed is bool:
+        return BOOL
+
+    if is_guessed:
+        return STRING
+
+    if __debug__:
+        try:
+            if issubclass(guessed, ParamType):
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    f"Attempted to use an uninstantiated parameter type ({guessed})."
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # guessed is an instance (correct), so issubclass fails.
+            pass
+
+    return FuncParamType(guessed)
+
+
+#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing.  From a user's
+#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but
+#: internally no string conversion takes place if the input was bytes.
+#: This is usually useful when working with file paths as they can
+#: appear in bytes and unicode.
+#:
+#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but
+#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why
+#: it is provided.
+#:
+#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
+UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType()
+
+#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default.  This
+#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type.
+STRING = StringParamType()
+
+#: An integer parameter.  This can also be selected by using ``int`` as
+#: type.
+INT = IntParamType()
+
+#: A floating point value parameter.  This can also be selected by using
+#: ``float`` as type.
+FLOAT = FloatParamType()
+
+#: A boolean parameter.  This is the default for boolean flags.  This can
+#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type.
+BOOL = BoolParamType()
+
+#: A UUID parameter.
+UUID = UUIDParameterType()
+
+
+class OptionHelpExtra(t.TypedDict, total=False):
+    envvars: tuple[str, ...]
+    default: str
+    range: str
+    required: str
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67922b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/click/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as cabc
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from functools import update_wrapper
+from gettext import gettext as _
+from types import ModuleType
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from ._compat import _default_text_stderr
+from ._compat import _default_text_stdout
+from ._compat import _find_binary_writer
+from ._compat import auto_wrap_for_ansi
+from ._compat import binary_streams
+from ._compat import open_stream
+from ._compat import should_strip_ansi
+from ._compat import strip_ansi
+from ._compat import text_streams
+from ._compat import WIN
+from .globals import resolve_color_default
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import typing_extensions as te
+
+    P = te.ParamSpec("P")
+
+R = t.TypeVar("R")
+
+
+def _posixify(name: str) -> str:
+    return "-".join(name.split()).lower()
+
+
+def safecall(func: t.Callable[P, R]) -> t.Callable[P, R | None]:
+    """Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions."""
+
+    def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R | None:
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
+    return update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
+
+
+def make_str(value: t.Any) -> str:
+    """Converts a value into a valid string."""
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        try:
+            return value.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        except UnicodeError:
+            return value.decode("utf-8", "replace")
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def make_default_short_help(help: str, max_length: int = 45) -> str:
+    """Returns a condensed version of help string.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    # Consider only the first paragraph.
+    paragraph_end = help.find("\n\n")
+
+    if paragraph_end != -1:
+        help = help[:paragraph_end]
+
+    # Collapse newlines, tabs, and spaces.
+    words = help.split()
+
+    if not words:
+        return ""
+
+    # The first paragraph started with a "no rewrap" marker, ignore it.
+    if words[0] == "\b":
+        words = words[1:]
+
+    total_length = 0
+    last_index = len(words) - 1
+
+    for i, word in enumerate(words):
+        total_length += len(word) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length > max_length:  # too long, truncate
+            break
+
+        if word[-1] == ".":  # sentence end, truncate without "..."
+            return " ".join(words[: i + 1])
+
+        if total_length == max_length and i != last_index:
+            break  # not at sentence end, truncate with "..."
+    else:
+        return " ".join(words)  # no truncation needed
+
+    # Account for the length of the suffix.
+    total_length += len("...")
+
+    # remove words until the length is short enough
+    while i > 0:
+        total_length -= len(words[i]) + (i > 0)
+
+        if total_length <= max_length:
+            break
+
+        i -= 1
+
+    return " ".join(words[:i]) + "..."
+
+
+class LazyFile:
+    """A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open
+    the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the
+    filename parameter does make sense.  This is useful for safely opening
+    files for writing.
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    mode: str
+    encoding: str | None
+    errors: str | None
+    atomic: bool
+    _f: t.IO[t.Any] | None
+    should_close: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        mode: str = "r",
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+        errors: str | None = "strict",
+        atomic: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = os.fspath(filename)
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.errors = errors
+        self.atomic = atomic
+
+        if self.name == "-":
+            self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors)
+        else:
+            if "r" in mode:
+                # Open and close the file in case we're opening it for
+                # reading so that we can catch at least some errors in
+                # some cases early.
+                open(filename, mode).close()
+            self._f = None
+            self.should_close = True
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.open(), name)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return repr(self._f)
+        return f"<unopened file '{format_filename(self.name)}' {self.mode}>"
+
+    def open(self) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+        """Opens the file if it's not yet open.  This call might fail with
+        a :exc:`FileError`.  Not handling this error will produce an error
+        that Click shows.
+        """
+        if self._f is not None:
+            return self._f
+        try:
+            rv, self.should_close = open_stream(
+                self.name, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, atomic=self.atomic
+            )
+        except OSError as e:
+            from .exceptions import FileError
+
+            raise FileError(self.name, hint=e.strerror) from e
+        self._f = rv
+        return rv
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Closes the underlying file, no matter what."""
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+
+    def close_intelligently(self) -> None:
+        """This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy
+        file wrapper.  For instance this will never close stdin.
+        """
+        if self.should_close:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> LazyFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close_intelligently()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        self.open()
+        return iter(self._f)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class KeepOpenFile:
+    _file: t.IO[t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, file: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self._file = file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self._file, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> KeepOpenFile:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        tb: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self._file)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> cabc.Iterator[t.AnyStr]:
+        return iter(self._file)
+
+
+def echo(
+    message: object = None,
+    file: t.IO[t.Any] | None = None,
+    nl: bool = True,
+    err: bool = False,
+    color: bool | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Print a message and newline to stdout or a file. This should be
+    used instead of :func:`print` because it provides better support
+    for different data, files, and environments.
+
+    Compared to :func:`print`, this does the following:
+
+    -   Ensures that the output encoding is not misconfigured on Linux.
+    -   Supports Unicode in the Windows console.
+    -   Supports writing to binary outputs, and supports writing bytes
+        to text outputs.
+    -   Supports colors and styles on Windows.
+    -   Removes ANSI color and style codes if the output does not look
+        like an interactive terminal.
+    -   Always flushes the output.
+
+    :param message: The string or bytes to output. Other objects are
+        converted to strings.
+    :param file: The file to write to. Defaults to ``stdout``.
+    :param err: Write to ``stderr`` instead of ``stdout``.
+    :param nl: Print a newline after the message. Enabled by default.
+    :param color: Force showing or hiding colors and other styles. By
+        default Click will remove color if the output does not look like
+        an interactive terminal.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 6.0
+        Support Unicode output on the Windows console. Click does not
+        modify ``sys.stdout``, so ``sys.stdout.write()`` and ``print()``
+        will still not support Unicode.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 4.0
+        Added the ``color`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+        Added the ``err`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+        Support colors on Windows if colorama is installed.
+    """
+    if file is None:
+        if err:
+            file = _default_text_stderr()
+        else:
+            file = _default_text_stdout()
+
+        # There are no standard streams attached to write to. For example,
+        # pythonw on Windows.
+        if file is None:
+            return
+
+    match message:
+        case str() | bytes() | bytearray():
+            out = message
+        case None:
+            out = ""
+        case _:
+            out = str(message)
+
+    if nl:
+        if isinstance(out, str):
+            out += "\n"
+        else:
+            out += b"\n"
+
+    if not out:
+        file.flush()
+        return
+
+    # If there is a message and the value looks like bytes, we manually
+    # need to find the binary stream and write the message in there.
+    # This is done separately so that most stream types will work as you
+    # would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO for other cases.
+    if isinstance(out, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file)
+        if binary_file is not None:
+            file.flush()
+            binary_file.write(out)
+            binary_file.flush()
+            return
+
+    # ANSI style code support. For no message or bytes, nothing happens.
+    # When outputting to a file instead of a terminal, strip codes.
+    else:
+        color = resolve_color_default(color)
+
+        if should_strip_ansi(file, color):
+            out = strip_ansi(out)
+        elif WIN:
+            if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None:
+                file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file, color)  # type: ignore
+            elif not color:
+                out = strip_ansi(out)
+
+    file.write(out)  # type: ignore
+    file.flush()
+
+
+def get_binary_stream(name: t.Literal["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"]) -> t.BinaryIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for byte processing.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    """
+    opener = binary_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(_("Unknown standard stream '{name}'").format(name=name))
+    return opener()
+
+
+def get_text_stream(
+    name: t.Literal["stdin", "stdout", "stderr"],
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+) -> t.TextIO:
+    """Returns a system stream for text processing.  This usually returns
+    a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from
+    :func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts for already
+    correctly configured streams.
+
+    :param name: the name of the stream to open.  Valid names are ``'stdin'``,
+                 ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'``
+    :param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding.
+    :param errors: overrides the default error mode.
+    """
+    opener = text_streams.get(name)
+    if opener is None:
+        raise TypeError(_("Unknown standard stream '{name}'").format(name=name))
+    return opener(encoding, errors)
+
+
+def open_file(
+    filename: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    mode: str = "r",
+    encoding: str | None = None,
+    errors: str | None = "strict",
+    lazy: bool = False,
+    atomic: bool = False,
+) -> t.IO[t.Any]:
+    """Open a file, with extra behavior to handle ``'-'`` to indicate
+    a standard stream, lazy open on write, and atomic write. Similar to
+    the behavior of the :class:`~click.File` param type.
+
+    If ``'-'`` is given to open ``stdout`` or ``stdin``, the stream is
+    wrapped so that using it in a context manager will not close it.
+    This makes it possible to use the function without accidentally
+    closing a standard stream:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        with open_file(filename) as f:
+            ...
+
+    :param filename: The name or Path of the file to open, or ``'-'`` for
+        ``stdin``/``stdout``.
+    :param mode: The mode in which to open the file.
+    :param encoding: The encoding to decode or encode a file opened in
+        text mode.
+    :param errors: The error handling mode.
+    :param lazy: Wait to open the file until it is accessed. For read
+        mode, the file is temporarily opened to raise access errors
+        early, then closed until it is read again.
+    :param atomic: Write to a temporary file and replace the given file
+        on close.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.0
+    """
+    if lazy:
+        return t.cast(
+            "t.IO[t.Any]", LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+        )
+
+    f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic)
+
+    if not should_close:
+        f = t.cast("t.IO[t.Any]", KeepOpenFile(f))
+
+    return f
+
+
+def format_filename(
+    filename: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes],
+    shorten: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Format a filename as a string for display. Ensures the filename can be
+    displayed by replacing any invalid bytes or surrogate escapes in the name
+    with the replacement character ``�``.
+
+    Invalid bytes or surrogate escapes will raise an error when written to a
+    stream with ``errors="strict"``. This will typically happen with ``stdout``
+    when the locale is something like ``en_GB.UTF-8``.
+
+    Many scenarios *are* safe to write surrogates though, due to PEP 538 and
+    PEP 540, including:
+
+    -   Writing to ``stderr``, which uses ``errors="backslashreplace"``.
+    -   The system has ``LANG=C.UTF-8``, ``C``, or ``POSIX``. Python opens
+        stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+    -   None of ``LANG/LC_*`` are set. Python assumes ``LANG=C.UTF-8``.
+    -   Python is started in UTF-8 mode  with  ``PYTHONUTF8=1`` or ``-X utf8``.
+        Python opens stdout and stderr with ``errors="surrogateescape"``.
+
+    :param filename: formats a filename for UI display.  This will also convert
+                     the filename into unicode without failing.
+    :param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the
+                    path that leads up to it.
+    """
+    if shorten:
+        filename = os.path.basename(filename)
+    else:
+        filename = os.fspath(filename)
+
+    if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+        filename = filename.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), "replace")
+    else:
+        filename = filename.encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape").decode(
+            "utf-8", "replace"
+        )
+
+    return filename
+
+
+def get_app_dir(app_name: str, roaming: bool = True, force_posix: bool = False) -> str:
+    r"""Returns the config folder for the application.  The default behavior
+    is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system.
+
+    To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like
+    the following folders could be returned:
+
+    Mac OS X:
+      ``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar``
+    Mac OS X (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Unix:
+      ``~/.config/foo-bar``
+    Unix (POSIX):
+      ``~/.foo-bar``
+    Windows (roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar``
+    Windows (not roaming):
+      ``C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Foo Bar``
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param app_name: the application name.  This should be properly capitalized
+                     and can contain whitespace.
+    :param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows.
+                    Has no effect otherwise.
+    :param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the
+                        folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading
+                        dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's
+                        application support folder.
+    """
+    if WIN:
+        key = "APPDATA" if roaming else "LOCALAPPDATA"
+        folder = os.environ.get(key)
+        if folder is None:
+            folder = os.path.expanduser("~")
+        return os.path.join(folder, app_name)
+    if force_posix:
+        return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(f"~/.{_posixify(app_name)}"))
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return os.path.join(
+            os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"), app_name
+        )
+    return os.path.join(
+        os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")),
+        _posixify(app_name),
+    )
+
+
+class PacifyFlushWrapper:
+    """This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting
+    from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC
+    of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on
+    ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any
+    other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken
+    pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied.
+    """
+
+    wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped: t.IO[t.Any]) -> None:
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        except OSError as e:
+            import errno
+
+            if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
+                raise
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> t.Any:
+        return getattr(self.wrapped, attr)
+
+
+def _detect_program_name(
+    path: str | None = None, _main: ModuleType | None = None
+) -> str:
+    """Determine the command used to run the program, for use in help
+    text. If a file or entry point was executed, the file name is
+    returned. If ``python -m`` was used to execute a module or package,
+    ``python -m name`` is returned.
+
+    This doesn't try to be too precise, the goal is to give a concise
+    name for help text. Files are only shown as their name without the
+    path. ``python`` is only shown for modules, and the full path to
+    ``sys.executable`` is not shown.
+
+    :param path: The Python file being executed. Python puts this in
+        ``sys.argv[0]``, which is used by default.
+    :param _main: The ``__main__`` module. This should only be passed
+        during internal testing.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+        Based on command args detection in the Werkzeug reloader.
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    if _main is None:
+        _main = sys.modules["__main__"]
+
+    if not path:
+        path = sys.argv[0]
+
+    # The value of __package__ indicates how Python was called. It may
+    # not exist if a setuptools script is installed as an egg. It may be
+    # set incorrectly for entry points created with pip on Windows.
+    # It is set to "" inside a Shiv or PEX zipapp.
+    if getattr(_main, "__package__", None) in {None, ""} or (
+        os.name == "nt"
+        and _main.__package__ == ""
+        and not os.path.exists(path)
+        and os.path.exists(f"{path}.exe")
+    ):
+        # Executed a file, like "python app.py".
+        return os.path.basename(path)
+
+    # Executed a module, like "python -m example".
+    # Rewritten by Python from "-m script" to "/path/to/script.py".
+    # Need to look at main module to determine how it was executed.
+    py_module = t.cast(str, _main.__package__)
+    name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
+
+    # A submodule like "example.cli".
+    if name != "__main__":
+        py_module = f"{py_module}.{name}"
+
+    return f"python -m {py_module.lstrip('.')}"
+
+
+def _expand_args(
+    args: cabc.Iterable[str],
+    *,
+    user: bool = True,
+    env: bool = True,
+    glob_recursive: bool = True,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Simulate Unix shell expansion with Python functions.
+
+    See :func:`glob.glob`, :func:`os.path.expanduser`, and
+    :func:`os.path.expandvars`.
+
+    This is intended for use on Windows, where the shell does not do any
+    expansion. It may not exactly match what a Unix shell would do.
+
+    :param args: List of command line arguments to expand.
+    :param user: Expand user home directory.
+    :param env: Expand environment variables.
+    :param glob_recursive: ``**`` matches directories recursively.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 8.1
+        Invalid glob patterns are treated as empty expansions rather
+        than raising an error.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.0
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+    from glob import glob
+
+    out = []
+
+    for arg in args:
+        if user:
+            arg = os.path.expanduser(arg)
+
+        if env:
+            arg = os.path.expandvars(arg)
+
+        try:
+            matches = glob(arg, recursive=glob_recursive)
+        except re.error:
+            matches = []
+
+        if not matches:
+            out.append(arg)
+        else:
+            out.extend(matches)
+
+    return out
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde24a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from .main import dotenv_values, find_dotenv, get_key, load_dotenv, set_key, unset_key
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython: Any) -> None:
+    from .ipython import load_ipython_extension
+
+    load_ipython_extension(ipython)
+
+
+def get_cli_string(
+    path: Optional[str] = None,
+    action: Optional[str] = None,
+    key: Optional[str] = None,
+    value: Optional[str] = None,
+    quote: Optional[str] = None,
+):
+    """Returns a string suitable for running as a shell script.
+
+    Useful for converting a arguments passed to a fabric task
+    to be passed to a `local` or `run` command.
+    """
+    command = ["dotenv"]
+    if quote:
+        command.append(f"-q {quote}")
+    if path:
+        command.append(f"-f {path}")
+    if action:
+        command.append(action)
+        if key:
+            command.append(key)
+            if value:
+                if " " in value:
+                    command.append(f'"{value}"')
+                else:
+                    command.append(value)
+
+    return " ".join(command).strip()
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "get_cli_string",
+    "load_dotenv",
+    "dotenv_values",
+    "get_key",
+    "set_key",
+    "unset_key",
+    "find_dotenv",
+    "load_ipython_extension",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3977f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Entry point for cli, enables execution with `python -m dotenv`"""
+
+from .cli import cli
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47eec04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+import json
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import IO, Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    from subprocess import Popen
+
+try:
+    import click
+except ImportError:
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        "It seems python-dotenv is not installed with cli option. \n"
+        'Run pip install "python-dotenv[cli]" to fix this.'
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+from .main import dotenv_values, set_key, unset_key
+from .version import __version__
+
+
+def enumerate_env() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return a path for the ${pwd}/.env file.
+
+    If pwd does not exist, return None.
+    """
+    try:
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return None
+    path = os.path.join(cwd, ".env")
+    return path
+
+
+@click.group()
+@click.option(
+    "-f",
+    "--file",
+    default=enumerate_env(),
+    type=click.Path(file_okay=True),
+    help="Location of the .env file, defaults to .env file in current working directory.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "-q",
+    "--quote",
+    default="always",
+    type=click.Choice(["always", "never", "auto"]),
+    help="Whether to quote or not the variable values. Default mode is always. This does not affect parsing.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "-e",
+    "--export",
+    default=False,
+    type=click.BOOL,
+    help="Whether to write the dot file as an executable bash script.",
+)
+@click.version_option(version=__version__)
+@click.pass_context
+def cli(ctx: click.Context, file: Any, quote: Any, export: Any) -> None:
+    """This script is used to set, get or unset values from a .env file."""
+    ctx.obj = {"QUOTE": quote, "EXPORT": export, "FILE": file}
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream_file(path: os.PathLike) -> Iterator[IO[str]]:
+    """
+    Open a file and yield the corresponding (decoded) stream.
+
+    Exits with error code 2 if the file cannot be opened.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        with open(path) as stream:
+            yield stream
+    except OSError as exc:
+        print(f"Error opening env file: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+
+@cli.command(name="list")
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option(
+    "--format",
+    "output_format",
+    default="simple",
+    type=click.Choice(["simple", "json", "shell", "export"]),
+    help="The format in which to display the list. Default format is simple, "
+    "which displays name=value without quotes.",
+)
+def list_values(ctx: click.Context, output_format: str) -> None:
+    """Display all the stored key/value."""
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+
+    with stream_file(file) as stream:
+        values = dotenv_values(stream=stream)
+
+    if output_format == "json":
+        click.echo(json.dumps(values, indent=2, sort_keys=True))
+    else:
+        prefix = "export " if output_format == "export" else ""
+        for k in sorted(values):
+            v = values[k]
+            if v is not None:
+                if output_format in ("export", "shell"):
+                    v = shlex.quote(v)
+                click.echo(f"{prefix}{k}={v}")
+
+
+@cli.command(name="set")
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+@click.argument("value", required=True)
+def set_value(ctx: click.Context, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+    """
+    Store the given key/value.
+
+    This doesn't follow symlinks, to avoid accidentally modifying a file at a
+    potentially untrusted path.
+    """
+
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+    quote = ctx.obj["QUOTE"]
+    export = ctx.obj["EXPORT"]
+    success, key, value = set_key(file, key, value, quote, export)
+    if success:
+        click.echo(f"{key}={value}")
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+def get(ctx: click.Context, key: Any) -> None:
+    """Retrieve the value for the given key."""
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+
+    with stream_file(file) as stream:
+        values = dotenv_values(stream=stream)
+
+    stored_value = values.get(key)
+    if stored_value:
+        click.echo(stored_value)
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+def unset(ctx: click.Context, key: Any) -> None:
+    """
+    Removes the given key.
+
+    This doesn't follow symlinks, to avoid accidentally modifying a file at a
+    potentially untrusted path.
+    """
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+    quote = ctx.obj["QUOTE"]
+    success, key = unset_key(file, key, quote)
+    if success:
+        click.echo(f"Successfully removed {key}")
+    else:
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+@cli.command(
+    context_settings={
+        "allow_extra_args": True,
+        "allow_interspersed_args": False,
+        "ignore_unknown_options": True,
+    }
+)
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option(
+    "--override/--no-override",
+    default=True,
+    help="Override variables from the environment file with those from the .env file.",
+)
+@click.argument("commandline", nargs=-1, type=click.UNPROCESSED)
+def run(ctx: click.Context, override: bool, commandline: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+    """Run command with environment variables present."""
+    file = ctx.obj["FILE"]
+    if not os.path.isfile(file):
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f"Invalid value for '-f' \"{file}\" does not exist.", ctx=ctx
+        )
+    dotenv_as_dict = {
+        k: v
+        for (k, v) in dotenv_values(file).items()
+        if v is not None and (override or k not in os.environ)
+    }
+
+    if not commandline:
+        click.echo("No command given.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    run_command([*commandline, *ctx.args], dotenv_as_dict)
+
+
+def run_command(command: List[str], env: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Replace the current process with the specified command.
+
+    Replaces the current process with the specified command and the variables from `env`
+    added in the current environment variables.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    command: List[str]
+        The command and it's parameters
+    env: Dict
+        The additional environment variables
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+        This function does not return any value. It replaces the current process with the new one.
+
+    """
+    # copy the current environment variables and add the vales from
+    # `env`
+    cmd_env = os.environ.copy()
+    cmd_env.update(env)
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        # execvpe on Windows returns control immediately
+        # rather than once the command has finished.
+        p = Popen(command, universal_newlines=True, bufsize=0, shell=False, env=cmd_env)
+        _, _ = p.communicate()
+
+        sys.exit(p.returncode)
+    else:
+        os.execvpe(command[0], args=command, env=cmd_env)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e7edbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/ipython.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from IPython.core.magic import Magics, line_magic, magics_class  # type: ignore
+from IPython.core.magic_arguments import (
+    argument,
+    magic_arguments,
+    parse_argstring,
+)  # type: ignore
+
+from .main import find_dotenv, load_dotenv
+
+
+@magics_class
+class IPythonDotEnv(Magics):
+    @magic_arguments()
+    @argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--override",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Indicate to override existing variables",
+    )
+    @argument(
+        "-v",
+        "--verbose",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Indicate function calls to be verbose",
+    )
+    @argument(
+        "dotenv_path",
+        nargs="?",
+        type=str,
+        default=".env",
+        help="Search in increasingly higher folders for the `dotenv_path`",
+    )
+    @line_magic
+    def dotenv(self, line):
+        args = parse_argstring(self.dotenv, line)
+        # Locate the .env file
+        dotenv_path = args.dotenv_path
+        try:
+            dotenv_path = find_dotenv(dotenv_path, True, True)
+        except IOError:
+            print("cannot find .env file")
+            return
+
+        # Load the .env file
+        load_dotenv(dotenv_path, verbose=args.verbose, override=args.override)
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ipython):
+    """Register the %dotenv magic."""
+    ipython.register_magics(IPythonDotEnv)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48e5245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import IO, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from .parser import Binding, parse_stream
+from .variables import parse_variables
+
+# A type alias for a string path to be used for the paths in this file.
+# These paths may flow to `open()` and `os.replace()`.
+StrPath = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _load_dotenv_disabled() -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if dotenv loading has been disabled.
+    """
+    if "PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED" not in os.environ:
+        return False
+    value = os.environ["PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED"].casefold()
+    return value in {"1", "true", "t", "yes", "y"}
+
+
+def with_warn_for_invalid_lines(mappings: Iterator[Binding]) -> Iterator[Binding]:
+    for mapping in mappings:
+        if mapping.error:
+            logger.warning(
+                "python-dotenv could not parse statement starting at line %s",
+                mapping.original.line,
+            )
+        yield mapping
+
+
+class DotEnv:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath],
+        stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        verbose: bool = False,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        interpolate: bool = True,
+        override: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = dotenv_path
+        self.stream: Optional[IO[str]] = stream
+        self._dict: Optional[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = None
+        self.verbose: bool = verbose
+        self.encoding: Optional[str] = encoding
+        self.interpolate: bool = interpolate
+        self.override: bool = override
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _get_stream(self) -> Iterator[IO[str]]:
+        if self.dotenv_path and _is_file_or_fifo(self.dotenv_path):
+            with open(self.dotenv_path, encoding=self.encoding) as stream:
+                yield stream
+        elif self.stream is not None:
+            yield self.stream
+        else:
+            if self.verbose:
+                logger.info(
+                    "python-dotenv could not find configuration file %s.",
+                    self.dotenv_path or ".env",
+                )
+            yield io.StringIO("")
+
+    def dict(self) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+        """Return dotenv as dict"""
+        if self._dict:
+            return self._dict
+
+        raw_values = self.parse()
+
+        if self.interpolate:
+            self._dict = OrderedDict(
+                resolve_variables(raw_values, override=self.override)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._dict = OrderedDict(raw_values)
+
+        return self._dict
+
+    def parse(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]:
+        with self._get_stream() as stream:
+            for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(stream)):
+                if mapping.key is not None:
+                    yield mapping.key, mapping.value
+
+    def set_as_environment_variables(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Load the current dotenv as system environment variable.
+        """
+        if not self.dict():
+            return False
+
+        for k, v in self.dict().items():
+            if k in os.environ and not self.override:
+                continue
+            if v is not None:
+                os.environ[k] = v
+
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """ """
+        data = self.dict()
+
+        if key in data:
+            return data[key]
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            logger.warning("Key %s not found in %s.", key, self.dotenv_path)
+
+        return None
+
+
+def get_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_get: str,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Get the value of a given key from the given .env.
+
+    Returns `None` if the key isn't found or doesn't have a value.
+    """
+    return DotEnv(dotenv_path, verbose=True, encoding=encoding).get(key_to_get)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def rewrite(
+    path: StrPath,
+    encoding: Optional[str],
+    follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tuple[IO[str], IO[str]]]:
+    if follow_symlinks:
+        path = os.path.realpath(path)
+
+    try:
+        source: IO[str] = open(path, encoding=encoding)
+        try:
+            path_stat = os.lstat(path)
+            original_mode: Optional[int] = (
+                stat.S_IMODE(path_stat.st_mode)
+                if stat.S_ISREG(path_stat.st_mode)
+                else None
+            )
+        except BaseException:
+            source.close()
+            raise
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        source = io.StringIO("")
+        original_mode = None
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+        mode="w",
+        encoding=encoding,
+        delete=False,
+        prefix=".tmp_",
+        dir=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(path)),
+    ) as dest:
+        dest_path = pathlib.Path(dest.name)
+        error = None
+
+        try:
+            with source:
+                yield (source, dest)
+        except BaseException as err:
+            error = err
+
+    if error is None:
+        try:
+            if original_mode is not None:
+                os.chmod(dest_path, original_mode)
+
+            os.replace(dest_path, path)
+        except BaseException:
+            dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            raise
+    else:
+        dest_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        raise error from None
+
+
+def set_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_set: str,
+    value_to_set: str,
+    quote_mode: str = "always",
+    export: bool = False,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+    follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[bool], str, str]:
+    """
+    Adds or Updates a key/value to the given .env
+
+    The target .env file is created if it doesn't exist.
+
+    This function doesn't follow symlinks by default, to avoid accidentally
+    modifying a file at a potentially untrusted path. If you don't need this
+    protection and need symlinks to be followed, use `follow_symlinks`.
+    """
+    if quote_mode not in ("always", "auto", "never"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown quote_mode: {quote_mode}")
+
+    quote = quote_mode == "always" or (
+        quote_mode == "auto" and not value_to_set.isalnum()
+    )
+
+    if quote:
+        value_out = "'{}'".format(value_to_set.replace("'", "\\'"))
+    else:
+        value_out = value_to_set
+    if export:
+        line_out = f"export {key_to_set}={value_out}\n"
+    else:
+        line_out = f"{key_to_set}={value_out}\n"
+
+    with rewrite(dotenv_path, encoding=encoding, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) as (
+        source,
+        dest,
+    ):
+        replaced = False
+        missing_newline = False
+        for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(source)):
+            if mapping.key == key_to_set:
+                dest.write(line_out)
+                replaced = True
+            else:
+                dest.write(mapping.original.string)
+                missing_newline = not mapping.original.string.endswith("\n")
+        if not replaced:
+            if missing_newline:
+                dest.write("\n")
+            dest.write(line_out)
+
+    return True, key_to_set, value_to_set
+
+
+def unset_key(
+    dotenv_path: StrPath,
+    key_to_unset: str,
+    quote_mode: str = "always",
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+    follow_symlinks: bool = False,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[bool], str]:
+    """
+    Removes a given key from the given `.env` file.
+
+    If the .env path given doesn't exist, fails.
+    If the given key doesn't exist in the .env, fails.
+
+    This function doesn't follow symlinks by default, to avoid accidentally
+    modifying a file at a potentially untrusted path. If you don't need this
+    protection and need symlinks to be followed, use `follow_symlinks`.
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(dotenv_path):
+        logger.warning("Can't delete from %s - it doesn't exist.", dotenv_path)
+        return None, key_to_unset
+
+    removed = False
+    with rewrite(dotenv_path, encoding=encoding, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) as (
+        source,
+        dest,
+    ):
+        for mapping in with_warn_for_invalid_lines(parse_stream(source)):
+            if mapping.key == key_to_unset:
+                removed = True
+            else:
+                dest.write(mapping.original.string)
+
+    if not removed:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Key %s not removed from %s - key doesn't exist.", key_to_unset, dotenv_path
+        )
+        return None, key_to_unset
+
+    return removed, key_to_unset
+
+
+def resolve_variables(
+    values: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]],
+    override: bool,
+) -> Mapping[str, Optional[str]]:
+    new_values: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+
+    for name, value in values:
+        if value is None:
+            result = None
+        else:
+            atoms = parse_variables(value)
+            env: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+            if override:
+                env.update(os.environ)  # type: ignore
+                env.update(new_values)
+            else:
+                env.update(new_values)
+                env.update(os.environ)  # type: ignore
+            result = "".join(atom.resolve(env) for atom in atoms)
+
+        new_values[name] = result
+
+    return new_values
+
+
+def _walk_to_root(path: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yield directories starting from the given directory up to the root
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(path):
+        raise IOError("Starting path not found")
+
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        path = os.path.dirname(path)
+
+    last_dir = None
+    current_dir = os.path.abspath(path)
+    while last_dir != current_dir:
+        yield current_dir
+        parent_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(current_dir, os.path.pardir))
+        last_dir, current_dir = current_dir, parent_dir
+
+
+def find_dotenv(
+    filename: str = ".env",
+    raise_error_if_not_found: bool = False,
+    usecwd: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Search in increasingly higher folders for the given file
+
+    Returns path to the file if found, or an empty string otherwise
+    """
+
+    def _is_interactive():
+        """Decide whether this is running in a REPL or IPython notebook"""
+        if hasattr(sys, "ps1") or hasattr(sys, "ps2"):
+            return True
+        try:
+            main = __import__("__main__", None, None, fromlist=["__file__"])
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            return False
+        return not hasattr(main, "__file__")
+
+    def _is_debugger():
+        return sys.gettrace() is not None
+
+    if usecwd or _is_interactive() or _is_debugger() or getattr(sys, "frozen", False):
+        # Should work without __file__, e.g. in REPL or IPython notebook.
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    else:
+        # will work for .py files
+        frame = sys._getframe()
+        current_file = __file__
+
+        while frame.f_code.co_filename == current_file or not os.path.exists(
+            frame.f_code.co_filename
+        ):
+            assert frame.f_back is not None
+            frame = frame.f_back
+        frame_filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
+        path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(frame_filename))
+
+    for dirname in _walk_to_root(path):
+        check_path = os.path.join(dirname, filename)
+        if _is_file_or_fifo(check_path):
+            return check_path
+
+    if raise_error_if_not_found:
+        raise IOError("File not found")
+
+    return ""
+
+
+def load_dotenv(
+    dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    override: bool = False,
+    interpolate: bool = True,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> bool:
+    """Parse a .env file and then load all the variables found as environment variables.
+
+    Parameters:
+        dotenv_path: Absolute or relative path to .env file.
+        stream: Text stream (such as `io.StringIO`) with .env content, used if
+            `dotenv_path` is `None`.
+        verbose: Whether to output a warning the .env file is missing.
+        override: Whether to override the system environment variables with the variables
+            from the `.env` file.
+        encoding: Encoding to be used to read the file.
+    Returns:
+        Bool: True if at least one environment variable is set else False
+
+    If both `dotenv_path` and `stream` are `None`, `find_dotenv()` is used to find the
+    .env file with it's default parameters. If you need to change the default parameters
+    of `find_dotenv()`, you can explicitly call `find_dotenv()` and pass the result
+    to this function as `dotenv_path`.
+
+    If the environment variable `PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED` is set to a truthy value,
+    .env loading is disabled.
+    """
+    if _load_dotenv_disabled():
+        logger.debug(
+            "python-dotenv: .env loading disabled by PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED environment variable"
+        )
+        return False
+
+    if dotenv_path is None and stream is None:
+        dotenv_path = find_dotenv()
+
+    dotenv = DotEnv(
+        dotenv_path=dotenv_path,
+        stream=stream,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        interpolate=interpolate,
+        override=override,
+        encoding=encoding,
+    )
+    return dotenv.set_as_environment_variables()
+
+
+def dotenv_values(
+    dotenv_path: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    stream: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    interpolate: bool = True,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
+) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Parse a .env file and return its content as a dict.
+
+    The returned dict will have `None` values for keys without values in the .env file.
+    For example, `foo=bar` results in `{"foo": "bar"}` whereas `foo` alone results in
+    `{"foo": None}`
+
+    Parameters:
+        dotenv_path: Absolute or relative path to the .env file.
+        stream: `StringIO` object with .env content, used if `dotenv_path` is `None`.
+        verbose: Whether to output a warning if the .env file is missing.
+        encoding: Encoding to be used to read the file.
+
+    If both `dotenv_path` and `stream` are `None`, `find_dotenv()` is used to find the
+    .env file.
+    """
+    if dotenv_path is None and stream is None:
+        dotenv_path = find_dotenv()
+
+    return DotEnv(
+        dotenv_path=dotenv_path,
+        stream=stream,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        interpolate=interpolate,
+        override=True,
+        encoding=encoding,
+    ).dict()
+
+
+def _is_file_or_fifo(path: StrPath) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if `path` exists and is either a regular file or a FIFO.
+    """
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        return True
+
+    try:
+        st = os.stat(path)
+    except (FileNotFoundError, OSError):
+        return False
+
+    return stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb100b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Iterator,
+    Match,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+)
+
+
+def make_regex(string: str, extra_flags: int = 0) -> Pattern[str]:
+    return re.compile(string, re.UNICODE | extra_flags)
+
+
+_newline = make_regex(r"(\r\n|\n|\r)")
+_multiline_whitespace = make_regex(r"\s*", extra_flags=re.MULTILINE)
+_whitespace = make_regex(r"[^\S\r\n]*")
+_export = make_regex(r"(?:export[^\S\r\n]+)?")
+_single_quoted_key = make_regex(r"'([^']+)'")
+_unquoted_key = make_regex(r"([^=\#\s]+)")
+_equal_sign = make_regex(r"(=[^\S\r\n]*)")
+_single_quoted_value = make_regex(r"'((?:\\'|[^'])*)'")
+_double_quoted_value = make_regex(r'"((?:\\"|[^"])*)"')
+_unquoted_value = make_regex(r"([^\r\n]*)")
+_comment = make_regex(r"(?:[^\S\r\n]*#[^\r\n]*)?")
+_end_of_line = make_regex(r"[^\S\r\n]*(?:\r\n|\n|\r|$)")
+_rest_of_line = make_regex(r"[^\r\n]*(?:\r|\n|\r\n)?")
+_double_quote_escapes = make_regex(r"\\[\\'\"abfnrtv]")
+_single_quote_escapes = make_regex(r"\\[\\']")
+
+
+class Original(NamedTuple):
+    string: str
+    line: int
+
+
+class Binding(NamedTuple):
+    key: Optional[str]
+    value: Optional[str]
+    original: Original
+    error: bool
+
+
+class Position:
+    def __init__(self, chars: int, line: int) -> None:
+        self.chars = chars
+        self.line = line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def start(cls) -> "Position":
+        return cls(chars=0, line=1)
+
+    def set(self, other: "Position") -> None:
+        self.chars = other.chars
+        self.line = other.line
+
+    def advance(self, string: str) -> None:
+        self.chars += len(string)
+        self.line += len(re.findall(_newline, string))
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Reader:
+    def __init__(self, stream: IO[str]) -> None:
+        self.string = stream.read()
+        self.position = Position.start()
+        self.mark = Position.start()
+
+    def has_next(self) -> bool:
+        return self.position.chars < len(self.string)
+
+    def set_mark(self) -> None:
+        self.mark.set(self.position)
+
+    def get_marked(self) -> Original:
+        return Original(
+            string=self.string[self.mark.chars : self.position.chars],
+            line=self.mark.line,
+        )
+
+    def peek(self, count: int) -> str:
+        return self.string[self.position.chars : self.position.chars + count]
+
+    def read(self, count: int) -> str:
+        result = self.string[self.position.chars : self.position.chars + count]
+        if len(result) < count:
+            raise Error("read: End of string")
+        self.position.advance(result)
+        return result
+
+    def read_regex(self, regex: Pattern[str]) -> Sequence[str]:
+        match = regex.match(self.string, self.position.chars)
+        if match is None:
+            raise Error("read_regex: Pattern not found")
+        self.position.advance(self.string[match.start() : match.end()])
+        return match.groups()
+
+
+def decode_escapes(regex: Pattern[str], string: str) -> str:
+    def decode_match(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        return codecs.decode(match.group(0), "unicode-escape")  # type: ignore
+
+    return regex.sub(decode_match, string)
+
+
+def parse_key(reader: Reader) -> Optional[str]:
+    char = reader.peek(1)
+    if char == "#":
+        return None
+    elif char == "'":
+        (key,) = reader.read_regex(_single_quoted_key)
+    else:
+        (key,) = reader.read_regex(_unquoted_key)
+    return key
+
+
+def parse_unquoted_value(reader: Reader) -> str:
+    (part,) = reader.read_regex(_unquoted_value)
+    return re.sub(r"\s+#.*", "", part).rstrip()
+
+
+def parse_value(reader: Reader) -> str:
+    char = reader.peek(1)
+    if char == "'":
+        (value,) = reader.read_regex(_single_quoted_value)
+        return decode_escapes(_single_quote_escapes, value)
+    elif char == '"':
+        (value,) = reader.read_regex(_double_quoted_value)
+        return decode_escapes(_double_quote_escapes, value)
+    elif char in ("", "\n", "\r"):
+        return ""
+    else:
+        return parse_unquoted_value(reader)
+
+
+def parse_binding(reader: Reader) -> Binding:
+    reader.set_mark()
+    try:
+        reader.read_regex(_multiline_whitespace)
+        if not reader.has_next():
+            return Binding(
+                key=None,
+                value=None,
+                original=reader.get_marked(),
+                error=False,
+            )
+        reader.read_regex(_export)
+        key = parse_key(reader)
+        reader.read_regex(_whitespace)
+        if reader.peek(1) == "=":
+            reader.read_regex(_equal_sign)
+            value: Optional[str] = parse_value(reader)
+        else:
+            value = None
+        reader.read_regex(_comment)
+        reader.read_regex(_end_of_line)
+        return Binding(
+            key=key,
+            value=value,
+            original=reader.get_marked(),
+            error=False,
+        )
+    except Error:
+        reader.read_regex(_rest_of_line)
+        return Binding(
+            key=None,
+            value=None,
+            original=reader.get_marked(),
+            error=True,
+        )
+
+
+def parse_stream(stream: IO[str]) -> Iterator[Binding]:
+    reader = Reader(stream)
+    while reader.has_next():
+        yield parse_binding(reader)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7632ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Marker file for PEP 561
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..667f2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/variables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import re
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from typing import Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Pattern
+
+_posix_variable: Pattern[str] = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    \$\{
+        (?P<name>[^\}:]*)
+        (?::-
+            (?P<default>[^\}]*)
+        )?
+    \}
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+class Atom(metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        result = self.__eq__(other)
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return NotImplemented
+        return not result
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str: ...
+
+
+class Literal(Atom):
+    def __init__(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Literal(value={self.value})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.value == other.value
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.value))
+
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class Variable(Atom):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, default: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.default = default
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Variable(name={self.name}, default={self.default})"
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return (self.name, self.default) == (other.name, other.default)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.name, self.default))
+
+    def resolve(self, env: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+        default = self.default if self.default is not None else ""
+        result = env.get(self.name, default)
+        return result if result is not None else ""
+
+
+def parse_variables(value: str) -> Iterator[Atom]:
+    cursor = 0
+
+    for match in _posix_variable.finditer(value):
+        (start, end) = match.span()
+        name = match["name"]
+        default = match["default"]
+
+        if start > cursor:
+            yield Literal(value=value[cursor:start])
+
+        yield Variable(name=name, default=default)
+        cursor = end
+
+    length = len(value)
+    if cursor < length:
+        yield Literal(value=value[cursor:length])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc86c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/dotenv/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.2.2"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf3259f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: fastapi
+Version: 0.138.0
+Summary: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production
+Author-Email: =?utf-8?q?Sebasti=C3=A1n_Ram=C3=ADrez?= <tiangolo@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Framework :: FastAPI
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic :: 2
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: HTTP Servers
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi
+Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/release-notes/
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: starlette>=0.46.0
+Requires-Dist: pydantic>=2.9.0
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.8.0
+Requires-Dist: typing-inspection>=0.4.2
+Requires-Dist: annotated-doc>=0.0.2
+Provides-Extra: standard
+Requires-Dist: fastapi-cli[standard]>=0.0.8; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: fastar>=0.9.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: httpx<1.0.0,>=0.23.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: jinja2>=3.1.5; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings>=2.0.0; extra == "standard"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-extra-types>=2.0.0; extra == "standard"
+Provides-Extra: standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli
+Requires-Dist: fastapi-cli[standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli]>=0.0.8; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: httpx<1.0.0,>=0.23.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: jinja2>=3.1.5; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings>=2.0.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-extra-types>=2.0.0; extra == "standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli"
+Provides-Extra: all
+Requires-Dist: fastapi-cli[standard]>=0.0.8; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: httpx<1.0.0,>=0.23.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: jinja2>=3.1.5; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: itsdangerous>=1.1.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml>=5.3.1; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-settings>=2.0.0; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-extra-types>=2.0.0; extra == "all"
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster">
+    <img src="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/fastapi/fastapi">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/fastapi/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/fastapi.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com)
+
+**Source Code**: [https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi)
+
+---
+
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python based on standard Python type hints.
+
+The key features are:
+
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
+* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <dfn title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</dfn> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
+* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: [OpenAPI](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification) (previously known as Swagger) and [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/).
+
+<small>* estimation based on tests conducted by an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
+
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+### Keystone Sponsor
+
+<a href="https://fastapicloud.com" target="_blank" title="FastAPI Cloud. By the same team behind FastAPI. You code. We Cloud."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fastapicloud.png"></a>
+
+### Gold Sponsors
+
+<a href="https://blockbee.io?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="BlockBee Cryptocurrency Payment Gateway"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/blockbee.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge" target="_blank" title="Auth, user management and more for your B2B product"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png"></a>
+<a href="https://docs.render.com/deploy-fastapi?utm_source=deploydoc&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Deploy & scale any full-stack web app on Render. Focus on building apps, not infra."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/render.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.coderabbit.ai/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Cut Code Review Time & Bugs in Half with CodeRabbit"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coderabbit.png"></a>
+<a href="https://subtotal.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=open-source" target="_blank" title="The Gold Standard in Retail Account Linking"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/subtotal.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://docs.railway.com/guides/fastapi?utm_medium=integration&utm_source=docs&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Deploy enterprise applications at startup speed"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/railway.png"></a>
+<a href="https://serpapi.com/?utm_source=fastapi_website" target="_blank" title="SerpApi: Web Search API"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/serpapi.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.greptile.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fastapi_sponsor_page" target="_blank" title="Greptile: The AI Code Reviewer"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/greptile.png"></a>
+
+### Silver Sponsors
+
+<a href="https://databento.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor&utm_content=display" target="_blank" title="Pay as you go for market data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/databento.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.stainlessapi.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral" target="_blank" title="Stainless | Generate best-in-class SDKs"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/stainless.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.permit.io/blog/implement-authorization-in-fastapi?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Fine-Grained Authorization for FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/permit.png"></a>
+<a href="https://dribia.com/en/" target="_blank" title="Dribia - Data Science within your reach"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dribia.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Try RapidProxy for free - Residential Proxies with 90M+ Global IPs. Starting from $0.65/GB for web scraping, automation, and data collection."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/rapidproxy.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.bairesdev.com/" target="_blank" title="BairesDev | Nearshore Software Development & Staff Augmentation Company"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bairesdev.svg"></a>
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+[Other sponsors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors)
+
+## Opinions
+
+
+
+<div class="only-github" markdown="1">
+
+"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/26"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+</div>
+
+## FastAPI Conf
+
+[**FastAPI Conf '26**](https://fastapiconf.com) is happening on **October 28, 2026** in **Amsterdam, NL**. All about FastAPI, right from the source. 🎤
+
+<a class="fastapi-feature-banner" href="https://fastapiconf.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/fastapi-conf.jpeg" alt="FastAPI Conf '26 - October 28, 2026 - Amsterdam, NL"></a>
+
+## FastAPI mini documentary
+
+There's a [FastAPI mini documentary](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpR8ngthqiE) released at the end of 2025, you can watch it online:
+
+<a class="fastapi-feature-banner" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpR8ngthqiE"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/fastapi-documentary.jpg" alt="FastAPI Mini Documentary"></a>
+
+## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
+
+<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
+
+If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out [**Typer**](https://typer.tiangolo.com/).
+
+**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
+
+## Requirements
+
+FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
+
+* [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/) for the web parts.
+* [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) for the data parts.
+
+## Installation
+
+Create and activate a [virtual environment](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/virtual-environments/) and then install FastAPI:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+**Note**: Make sure you put `"fastapi[standard]"` in quotes to ensure it works in all terminals.
+
+## Example
+
+### Create it
+
+Create a file `main.py` with:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
+
+If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="7  12"
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+**Note**:
+
+If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about [`async` and `await` in the docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry).
+
+</details>
+
+### Run it
+
+Run the server with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ fastapi dev
+
+ ╭────────── FastAPI CLI - Development mode ───────────╮
+ │                                                     │
+ │  Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8000                  │
+ │                                                     │
+ │  API docs: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs               │
+ │                                                     │
+ │  Running in development mode, for production use:   │
+ │                                                     │
+ │  fastapi run                                        │
+ │                                                     │
+ ╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+
+INFO:     Will watch for changes in these directories: ['/home/user/code/awesomeapp']
+INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+INFO:     Started reloader process [2248755] using WatchFiles
+INFO:     Started server process [2248757]
+INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
+INFO:     Application startup complete.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>About the command <code>fastapi dev</code>...</summary>
+
+The command `fastapi dev` reads your `main.py` file automatically, detects the **FastAPI** app in it, and starts a server using [Uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.dev).
+
+By default, `fastapi dev` will start with auto-reload enabled for local development.
+
+You can read more about it in the [FastAPI CLI docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-cli/).
+
+</details>
+
+### Check it
+
+Open your browser at [http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery](http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery).
+
+You will see the JSON response as:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+You already created an API that:
+
+* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
+* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
+
+### Interactive API docs
+
+Now go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs](http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs).
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui)):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs
+
+And now, go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc](http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc).
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by [ReDoc](https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc)):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Example upgrade
+
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
+
+Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7-10 23-25"
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+    is_offer: bool | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+The `fastapi dev` server should reload automatically.
+
+### Interactive API docs upgrade
+
+Now go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs](http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs).
+
+* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
+
+* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
+
+* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs upgrade
+
+And now, go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc](http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc).
+
+* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
+
+### Recap
+
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
+
+You do that with standard modern Python types.
+
+You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
+
+Just standard **Python**.
+
+For example, for an `int`:
+
+```Python
+item_id: int
+```
+
+or for a more complex `Item` model:
+
+```Python
+item: Item
+```
+
+...and with that single declaration you get:
+
+* Editor support, including:
+    * Completion.
+    * Type checks.
+* Validation of data:
+    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
+    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
+    * JSON.
+    * Path parameters.
+    * Query parameters.
+    * Cookies.
+    * Headers.
+    * Forms.
+    * Files.
+* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
+    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
+    * `datetime` objects.
+    * `UUID` objects.
+    * Database models.
+    * ...and many more.
+* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
+    * Swagger UI.
+    * ReDoc.
+
+---
+
+Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
+
+* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
+* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
+    * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
+    * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, read the body as JSON:
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
+    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
+    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
+    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
+* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
+
+---
+
+We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
+
+Try changing the line with:
+
+```Python
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+...from:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_name": item.name ...
+```
+
+...to:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_price": item.price ...
+```
+
+...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
+
+For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
+
+**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
+
+* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places such as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
+* How to set **validation constraints** such as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* A very powerful and easy to use **<dfn title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</dfn>** system.
+* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
+* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
+* **GraphQL** integration with [Strawberry](https://strawberry.rocks) and other libraries.
+* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) such as:
+    * **WebSockets**
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
+    * **CORS**
+    * **Cookie Sessions**
+    * ...and more.
+
+### Deploy your app (optional)
+
+You can optionally deploy your FastAPI app to [FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com) with a single command. 🚀
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ fastapi deploy
+
+Deploying to FastAPI Cloud...
+
+✅ Deployment successful!
+
+🐔 Ready the chicken! Your app is ready at https://myapp.fastapicloud.dev
+```
+
+</div>
+
+The CLI will automatically detect your FastAPI application and deploy it to the cloud. If you are not logged in, your browser will open to complete the authentication process.
+
+That's it! Now you can access your app at that URL. ✨
+
+#### About FastAPI Cloud
+
+**[FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com)** is built by the same author and team behind **FastAPI**.
+
+It streamlines the process of **building**, **deploying**, and **accessing** an API with minimal effort.
+
+It brings the same **developer experience** of building apps with FastAPI to **deploying** them to the cloud. 🎉
+
+FastAPI Cloud is the primary sponsor and funding provider for the *FastAPI and friends* open source projects. ✨
+
+#### Deploy to other cloud providers
+
+FastAPI is open source and based on standards. You can deploy FastAPI apps to any cloud provider you choose.
+
+Follow your cloud provider's guides to deploy FastAPI apps with them. 🤓
+
+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as [one of the fastest Python frameworks available](https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7), only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section [Benchmarks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/).
+
+## Dependencies
+
+FastAPI depends on Pydantic and Starlette.
+
+### `standard` Dependencies
+
+When you install FastAPI with `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` it comes with the `standard` group of optional dependencies:
+
+Used by Pydantic:
+
+* [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) - for email validation.
+
+Used by Starlette:
+
+* [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org) - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* [`jinja2`](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com) - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart) - Required if you want to support form <dfn title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</dfn>, with `request.form()`.
+
+Used by FastAPI:
+
+* [`uvicorn`](https://www.uvicorn.dev) - for the server that loads and serves your application. This includes `uvicorn[standard]`, which includes some dependencies (e.g. `uvloop`) needed for high performance serving.
+* `fastapi-cli[standard]` - to provide the `fastapi` command.
+    * This includes `fastapi-cloud-cli`, which allows you to deploy your FastAPI application to [FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com).
+
+### Without `standard` Dependencies
+
+If you don't want to include the `standard` optional dependencies, you can install with `pip install fastapi` instead of `pip install "fastapi[standard]"`.
+
+### Without `fastapi-cloud-cli`
+
+If you want to install FastAPI with the standard dependencies but without the `fastapi-cloud-cli`, you can install with `pip install "fastapi[standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli]"`.
+
+### Additional Optional Dependencies
+
+There are some additional dependencies you might want to install.
+
+Additional optional Pydantic dependencies:
+
+* [`pydantic-settings`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/pydantic_settings/) - for settings management.
+* [`pydantic-extra-types`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/extra_types/extra_types/) - for extra types to be used with Pydantic.
+
+Additional optional FastAPI dependencies:
+
+* [`orjson`](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
+* [`ujson`](https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson) - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec5e827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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+fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=GCf-WbIZxyGT4MUmrPGj1cOHYZoGsNPHAvNkT6hnGeA,61
+fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=Tsif_IFIW5f-xYSy1KlhAy7v_oNEU4lP2cEnSQbMdE4,1086
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md,sha256=sJ7wiSY8WOd9YhhMd9nd2iGJWtIjox_JpaYxHV1HB1M,11240
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md,sha256=i2txoD-hRoCQWoH1PxiDuQwqt6xl7vp3wmZMLQON5Gk,3268
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md,sha256=oskZlYkCdGgezS9mIfqW5kImCGtOsgPUa46Sd81H-P0,1527
+fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md,sha256=bHaIKnwbTkd7TUVQm_uxapUnAlEG4rdvALV9koD5ypI,2581
+fastapi/__init__.py,sha256=Q2cJRNvOpEZdE7ZHIgqtAS1bEvOw6pDaE8d3lC3EGXs,1081
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e651d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: pdm-backend (2.4.9)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b81849e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[console_scripts]
+fastapi = fastapi.cli:main
+
+[gui_scripts]
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e92463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi-0.138.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 Sebastián Ramírez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ecd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/SKILL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+---
+name: fastapi
+description: FastAPI best practices and conventions. Use when working with FastAPI APIs and Pydantic models for them. Keeps FastAPI code clean and up to date with the latest features and patterns, updated with new versions. Write new code or refactor and update old code.
+---
+
+# FastAPI
+
+Official FastAPI skill to write code with best practices, keeping up to date with new versions and features.
+
+## Use the `fastapi` CLI
+
+Run the development server on localhost with reload:
+
+```bash
+fastapi dev
+```
+
+
+Run the production server:
+
+```bash
+fastapi run
+```
+
+### Add an entrypoint in `pyproject.toml`
+
+FastAPI CLI will read the entrypoint in `pyproject.toml` to know where the FastAPI app is declared.
+
+```toml
+[tool.fastapi]
+entrypoint = "my_app.main:app"
+```
+
+### Use `fastapi` with a path
+
+When adding the entrypoint to `pyproject.toml` is not possible, or the user explicitly asks not to, or it's running an independent small app, you can pass the app file path to the `fastapi` command:
+
+```bash
+fastapi dev my_app/main.py
+```
+
+Prefer to set the entrypoint in `pyproject.toml` when possible.
+
+## Use `Annotated`
+
+Always prefer the `Annotated` style for parameter and dependency declarations.
+
+It keeps the function signatures working in other contexts, respects the types, allows reusability.
+
+### In Parameter Declarations
+
+Use `Annotated` for parameter declarations, including `Path`, `Query`, `Header`, etc.:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(
+    item_id: Annotated[int, Path(ge=1, description="The item ID")],
+    q: Annotated[str | None, Query(max_length=50)] = None,
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(
+    item_id: int = Path(ge=1, description="The item ID"),
+    q: str | None = Query(default=None, max_length=50),
+):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+### For Dependencies
+
+Use `Annotated` for dependencies with `Depends()`.
+
+Unless asked not to, create a new type alias for the dependency to allow re-using it.
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_current_user():
+    return {"username": "johndoe"}
+
+
+CurrentUserDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(get_current_user)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_item(current_user: CurrentUserDep):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_item(current_user: dict = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+## Do not use Ellipsis for *path operations* or Pydantic models
+
+Do not use `...` as a default value for required parameters, it's not needed and not recommended.
+
+Do this, without Ellipsis (`...`):
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    price: float = Field(gt=0)
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item, project_id: Annotated[int, Query()]): ...
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str = ...
+    description: str | None = None
+    price: float = Field(..., gt=0)
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item, project_id: Annotated[int, Query(...)]): ...
+```
+
+## Return Type or Response Model
+
+When possible, include a return type. It will be used to validate, filter, document, and serialize the response.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/me")
+async def get_item() -> Item:
+    return Item(name="Plumbus", description="All-purpose home device")
+```
+
+**Important**: Return types or response models are what filter data ensuring no sensitive information is exposed. And they are used to serialize data with Pydantic (in Rust), this is the main idea that can increase response performance.
+
+The return type doesn't have to be a Pydantic model, it could be a different type, like a list of integers, or a dict, etc.
+
+### When to use `response_model` instead
+
+If the return type is not the same as the type that you want to use to validate, filter, or serialize, use the `response_model` parameter on the decorator instead.
+
+```python
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/me", response_model=Item)
+async def get_item() -> Any:
+    return {"name": "Foo", "description": "A very nice Item"}
+```
+
+This can be particularly useful when filtering data to expose only the public fields and avoid exposing sensitive information.
+
+```python
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class InternalItem(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    secret_key: str
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@app.get("/items/me", response_model=Item)
+async def get_item() -> Any:
+    item = InternalItem(
+        name="Foo", description="A very nice Item", secret_key="supersecret"
+    )
+    return item
+```
+
+## Performance
+
+Do not use `ORJSONResponse` or `UJSONResponse`, they are deprecated.
+
+Instead, declare a return type or response model. Pydantic will handle the data serialization on the Rust side.
+
+## Including Routers
+
+When declaring routers, prefer to add router level parameters like prefix, tags, etc. to the router itself, instead of in `include_router()`.
+
+Do this:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/items", tags=["items"])
+
+
+@router.get("/")
+async def list_items():
+    return []
+
+
+# In main.py
+app.include_router(router)
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/")
+async def list_items():
+    return []
+
+
+# In main.py
+app.include_router(router, prefix="/items", tags=["items"])
+```
+
+There could be exceptions, but try to follow this convention.
+
+Apply shared dependencies at the router level via `dependencies=[Depends(...)]`.
+
+## Serve Frontend Apps
+
+Use `app.frontend()` to serve a built static frontend app, for example a directory generated by Vite, Astro, Angular, Svelte, Vue, or a similar tool.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+app.frontend("/", directory="dist")
+```
+
+Use `router.frontend()` when the frontend belongs to an `APIRouter`; normal router prefix behavior applies when the router is included.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/admin")
+
+router.frontend("/", directory="admin-dist")
+app.include_router(router)
+```
+
+`app.frontend()` and `router.frontend()` are low-priority routes: regular API routes are matched first, then frontend files and client-side routing fallbacks. Use this for single-page apps and built frontend assets instead of mounting `StaticFiles` manually.
+
+## Dependency Injection
+
+See [the dependency injection reference](references/dependencies.md) for detailed patterns including `yield` with `scope`, and class dependencies.
+
+Use dependencies when the logic can't be declared in Pydantic validation, depends on external resources, needs cleanup (with `yield`), or is shared across endpoints.
+
+Apply shared dependencies at the router level via `dependencies=[Depends(...)]`.
+
+## Async vs Sync *path operations*
+
+Use `async` *path operations* only when fully certain that the logic called inside is compatible with async and await (it's called with `await`) or that it doesn't block.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+# Use async def when calling async code
+@app.get("/async-items/")
+async def read_async_items():
+    data = await some_async_library.fetch_items()
+    return data
+
+
+# Use plain def when calling blocking/sync code or when in doubt
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items():
+    data = some_blocking_library.fetch_items()
+    return data
+```
+
+In case of doubt, or by default, use regular `def` functions, those will be run in a threadpool so they don't block the event loop.
+
+The same rules apply to dependencies.
+
+Make sure blocking code is not run inside of `async` functions. The logic will work, but will damage the performance heavily.
+
+When needing to mix blocking and async code, see Asyncer in [the other tools reference](references/other-tools.md).
+
+## Streaming (JSON Lines, SSE, bytes)
+
+See [the streaming reference](references/streaming.md) for JSON Lines, Server-Sent Events (`EventSourceResponse`, `ServerSentEvent`), and byte streaming (`StreamingResponse`) patterns.
+
+## Tooling
+
+See [the other tools reference](references/other-tools.md) for details on uv, Ruff, ty for package management, linting, type checking, formatting, etc.
+
+## Other Libraries
+
+See [the other tools reference](references/other-tools.md) for details on other libraries:
+
+* Asyncer for handling async and await, concurrency, mixing async and blocking code, prefer it over AnyIO or asyncio.
+* SQLModel for working with SQL databases, prefer it over SQLAlchemy.
+* HTTPX for interacting with HTTP (other APIs), prefer it over Requests.
+
+## Do not use Pydantic RootModels
+
+Do not use Pydantic `RootModel`, instead use regular type annotations with `Annotated` and Pydantic validation utilities.
+
+For example, for a list with validations you could do:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+from pydantic import Field
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_items(items: Annotated[list[int], Field(min_length=1), Body()]):
+    return items
+```
+
+instead of:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import Field, RootModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class ItemList(RootModel[Annotated[list[int], Field(min_length=1)]]):
+    pass
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_items(items: ItemList):
+    return items
+
+```
+
+FastAPI supports these type annotations and will create a Pydantic `TypeAdapter` for them, so that types can work as normally and there's no need for the custom logic and types in RootModels.
+
+## Use one HTTP operation per function
+
+Don't mix HTTP operations in a single function, having one function per HTTP operation helps separate concerns and organize the code.
+
+Do this:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def list_items():
+    return []
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return item
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+
+
+@app.api_route("/items/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
+async def handle_items(request: Request):
+    if request.method == "GET":
+        return []
+```
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a562dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/dependencies.md
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Dependency Injection
+
+Use dependencies when:
+
+* They can't be declared in Pydantic validation and require additional logic
+* The logic depends on external resources or could block in any other way
+* Other dependencies need their results (it's a sub-dependency)
+* The logic can be shared by multiple endpoints to do things like error early, handle authentication, etc.
+* They need to handle cleanup (e.g., DB sessions, file handles), using dependencies with `yield`
+* Their logic needs input data from the request, like headers, query parameters, etc.
+
+## Dependencies with `yield` and `scope`
+
+When using dependencies with `yield`, they can have a `scope` that defines when the exit code is run.
+
+Use the default scope `"request"` to run the exit code after the response is sent back.
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_db():
+    db = DBSession()
+    try:
+        yield db
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+
+DBDep = Annotated[DBSession, Depends(get_db)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(db: DBDep):
+    return db.query(Item).all()
+```
+
+Use the scope `"function"` when they should run the exit code after the response data is generated but before the response is sent back to the client.
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def get_username():
+    try:
+        yield "Rick"
+    finally:
+        print("Clean up before response is sent")
+
+UserNameDep = Annotated[str, Depends(get_username, scope="function")]
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+def get_user_me(username: UserNameDep):
+    return username
+```
+
+## Class Dependencies
+
+Avoid creating class dependencies when possible.
+
+If a class is needed, instead create a regular function dependency that returns a class instance.
+
+Do this:
+
+```python
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DatabasePaginator:
+    offset: int = 0
+    limit: int = 100
+    q: str | None = None
+
+    def get_page(self) -> dict:
+        # Simulate a page of data
+        return {
+            "offset": self.offset,
+            "limit": self.limit,
+            "q": self.q,
+            "items": [],
+        }
+
+
+def get_db_paginator(
+    offset: int = 0, limit: int = 100, q: str | None = None
+) -> DatabasePaginator:
+    return DatabasePaginator(offset=offset, limit=limit, q=q)
+
+
+PaginatorDep = Annotated[DatabasePaginator, Depends(get_db_paginator)]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(paginator: PaginatorDep):
+    return paginator.get_page()
+```
+
+instead of this:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class DatabasePaginator:
+    def __init__(self, offset: int = 0, limit: int = 100, q: str | None = None):
+        self.offset = offset
+        self.limit = limit
+        self.q = q
+
+    def get_page(self) -> dict:
+        # Simulate a page of data
+        return {
+            "offset": self.offset,
+            "limit": self.limit,
+            "q": self.q,
+            "items": [],
+        }
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(paginator: Annotated[DatabasePaginator, Depends()]):
+    return paginator.get_page()
+```
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5b58cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/other-tools.md
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Other Tools
+
+## uv
+
+If uv is available, use it to manage dependencies.
+
+## Ruff
+
+If Ruff is available, use it to lint and format the code. Consider enabling the FastAPI rules.
+
+## ty
+
+If ty is available, use it to check types.
+
+## Asyncer
+
+When needing to run blocking code inside of async functions, or async code inside of blocking functions, suggest using Asyncer.
+
+Prefer it over AnyIO or asyncio.
+
+Install:
+
+```bash
+uv add asyncer
+```
+
+Run blocking sync code inside of async with `asyncify()`:
+
+```python
+from asyncer import asyncify
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def do_blocking_work(name: str) -> str:
+    # Some blocking I/O operation
+    return f"Hello {name}"
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    result = await asyncify(do_blocking_work)(name="World")
+    return {"message": result}
+```
+
+And run async code inside of blocking sync code with `syncify()`:
+
+```python
+from asyncer import syncify
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+async def do_async_work(name: str) -> str:
+    return f"Hello {name}"
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+def read_items():
+    result = syncify(do_async_work)(name="World")
+    return {"message": result}
+```
+
+## SQLModel for SQL databases
+
+When working with SQL databases, prefer using SQLModel as it is integrated with Pydantic and will allow declaring data validation with the same models.
+
+Prefer it over SQLAlchemy.
+
+## HTTPX
+
+Use HTTPX for handling HTTP communication (e.g. with other APIs). It supports sync and async usage.
+
+Prefer it over Requests.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0832eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/.agents/skills/fastapi/references/streaming.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Streaming
+
+## Stream JSON Lines
+
+To stream JSON Lines, declare the return type and use `yield` to return the data.
+
+```python
+@app.get("/items/stream")
+async def stream_items() -> AsyncIterable[Item]:
+    for item in items:
+        yield item
+```
+
+## Server-Sent Events (SSE)
+
+To stream Server-Sent Events, use `response_class=EventSourceResponse` and `yield` items from the endpoint.
+
+Plain objects are automatically JSON-serialized as `data:` fields, declare the return type so the serialization is done by Pydantic:
+
+```python
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+@app.get("/items/stream", response_class=EventSourceResponse)
+async def stream_items() -> AsyncIterable[Item]:
+    yield Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.99)
+    yield Item(name="Portal Gun", price=999.99)
+```
+
+For full control over SSE fields (`event`, `id`, `retry`, `comment`), yield `ServerSentEvent` instances:
+
+```python
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse, ServerSentEvent
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/events", response_class=EventSourceResponse)
+async def stream_events() -> AsyncIterable[ServerSentEvent]:
+    yield ServerSentEvent(data={"status": "started"}, event="status", id="1")
+    yield ServerSentEvent(data={"progress": 50}, event="progress", id="2")
+```
+
+Use `raw_data` instead of `data` to send pre-formatted strings without JSON encoding:
+
+```python
+yield ServerSentEvent(raw_data="plain text line", event="log")
+```
+
+## Stream bytes
+
+To stream bytes, declare a `response_class=` of `StreamingResponse` or a sub-class, and use `yield` to return the data.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from app.utils import read_image
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class PNGStreamingResponse(StreamingResponse):
+    media_type = "image/png"
+
+@app.get("/image", response_class=PNGStreamingResponse)
+def stream_image_no_async_no_annotation():
+    with read_image() as image_file:
+        yield from image_file
+```
+
+prefer this over returning a `StreamingResponse` directly:
+
+```python
+# DO NOT DO THIS
+
+import anyio
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
+from app.utils import read_image
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class PNGStreamingResponse(StreamingResponse):
+    media_type = "image/png"
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    return PNGStreamingResponse(read_image())
+```
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7b99b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""
+
+__version__ = "0.138.0"
+
+from starlette import status as status
+
+from .applications import FastAPI as FastAPI
+from .background import BackgroundTasks as BackgroundTasks
+from .datastructures import UploadFile as UploadFile
+from .exceptions import HTTPException as HTTPException
+from .exceptions import WebSocketException as WebSocketException
+from .param_functions import Body as Body
+from .param_functions import Cookie as Cookie
+from .param_functions import Depends as Depends
+from .param_functions import File as File
+from .param_functions import Form as Form
+from .param_functions import Header as Header
+from .param_functions import Path as Path
+from .param_functions import Query as Query
+from .param_functions import Security as Security
+from .requests import Request as Request
+from .responses import Response as Response
+from .routing import APIRouter as APIRouter
+from .websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket
+from .websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc36465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from fastapi.cli import main
+
+main()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4581c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from .shared import PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE as PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE
+from .shared import annotation_is_pydantic_v1 as annotation_is_pydantic_v1
+from .shared import field_annotation_is_scalar as field_annotation_is_scalar
+from .shared import (
+    field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence as field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence,
+)
+from .shared import field_annotation_is_sequence as field_annotation_is_sequence
+from .shared import (
+    is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation as is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation,
+)
+from .shared import is_bytes_sequence_annotation as is_bytes_sequence_annotation
+from .shared import is_pydantic_v1_model_instance as is_pydantic_v1_model_instance
+from .shared import (
+    is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation as is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation,
+)
+from .shared import (
+    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation as is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
+)
+from .shared import lenient_issubclass as lenient_issubclass
+from .shared import sequence_types as sequence_types
+from .shared import value_is_sequence as value_is_sequence
+from .v2 import ModelField as ModelField
+from .v2 import PydanticSchemaGenerationError as PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+from .v2 import RequiredParam as RequiredParam
+from .v2 import Undefined as Undefined
+from .v2 import Url as Url
+from .v2 import copy_field_info as copy_field_info
+from .v2 import create_body_model as create_body_model
+from .v2 import evaluate_forwardref as evaluate_forwardref
+from .v2 import get_cached_model_fields as get_cached_model_fields
+from .v2 import get_definitions as get_definitions
+from .v2 import get_flat_models_from_fields as get_flat_models_from_fields
+from .v2 import get_missing_field_error as get_missing_field_error
+from .v2 import get_model_name_map as get_model_name_map
+from .v2 import get_schema_from_model_field as get_schema_from_model_field
+from .v2 import is_scalar_field as is_scalar_field
+from .v2 import serialize_sequence_value as serialize_sequence_value
+from .v2 import (
+    with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__pycache__/v2.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/__pycache__/v2.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/shared.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/shared.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd38c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/shared.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import types
+import typing
+import warnings
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    TypeGuard,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from fastapi.types import UnionType
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.version import VERSION as PYDANTIC_VERSION
+from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+# Copy from Pydantic: pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py
+WithArgsTypes: tuple[Any, ...] = (
+    typing._GenericAlias,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # ty: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
+    types.GenericAlias,
+    types.UnionType,
+)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE = tuple(int(x) for x in PYDANTIC_VERSION.split(".")[:2])
+
+
+sequence_annotation_to_type = {
+    Sequence: list,
+    list: list,
+    tuple: tuple,
+    set: set,
+    frozenset: frozenset,
+    deque: deque,
+}
+
+sequence_types: tuple[type[Any], ...] = tuple(sequence_annotation_to_type.keys())
+
+
+# Copy of Pydantic: pydantic/_internal/_utils.py with added TypeGuard
+def lenient_issubclass(
+    cls: Any, class_or_tuple: type[_T] | tuple[type[_T], ...] | None
+) -> TypeGuard[type[_T]]:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+    except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(cls, WithArgsTypes):
+            return False
+        raise  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def _annotation_is_sequence(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, (str, bytes)):
+        return False
+    return lenient_issubclass(annotation, sequence_types)
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if field_annotation_is_sequence(arg):
+                return True
+        return False
+    return _annotation_is_sequence(annotation) or _annotation_is_sequence(
+        get_origin(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def value_is_sequence(value: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(value, sequence_types) and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes))
+
+
+def _annotation_is_complex(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    return (
+        lenient_issubclass(annotation, (BaseModel, Mapping, UploadFile))
+        or _annotation_is_sequence(annotation)
+        or is_dataclass(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_complex(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        return any(field_annotation_is_complex(arg) for arg in get_args(annotation))
+
+    if origin is Annotated:
+        return field_annotation_is_complex(get_args(annotation)[0])
+
+    return (
+        _annotation_is_complex(annotation)
+        or _annotation_is_complex(origin)
+        or hasattr(origin, "__pydantic_core_schema__")
+        or hasattr(origin, "__get_pydantic_core_schema__")
+    )
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    # handle Ellipsis here to make tuple[int, ...] work nicely
+    return annotation is Ellipsis or not field_annotation_is_complex(annotation)
+
+
+def field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(annotation: type[Any] | None) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        at_least_one_scalar_sequence = False
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(arg):
+                at_least_one_scalar_sequence = True
+                continue
+            elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(arg):
+                return False
+        return at_least_one_scalar_sequence
+    return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all(
+        field_annotation_is_scalar(sub_annotation)
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, bytes):
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if lenient_issubclass(arg, bytes):
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    if lenient_issubclass(annotation, UploadFile):
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if lenient_issubclass(arg, UploadFile):
+                return True
+    return False
+
+
+def is_bytes_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        at_least_one = False
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if is_bytes_sequence_annotation(arg):
+                at_least_one = True
+                continue
+        return at_least_one
+    return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all(
+        is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(sub_annotation)
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        at_least_one = False
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(arg):
+                at_least_one = True
+                continue
+        return at_least_one
+    return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all(
+        is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(sub_annotation)
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation)
+    )
+
+
+def is_pydantic_v1_model_instance(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    # TODO: remove this function once the required version of Pydantic fully
+    # removes pydantic.v1
+    try:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
+            from pydantic import v1
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return False
+    return isinstance(obj, v1.BaseModel)
+
+
+def is_pydantic_v1_model_class(cls: Any) -> bool:
+    # TODO: remove this function once the required version of Pydantic fully
+    # removes pydantic.v1
+    try:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
+            from pydantic import v1
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return False
+    return lenient_issubclass(cls, v1.BaseModel)
+
+
+def annotation_is_pydantic_v1(annotation: Any) -> bool:
+    if is_pydantic_v1_model_class(annotation):
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if is_pydantic_v1_model_class(arg):
+                return True
+    if field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation):
+        for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation):
+            if annotation_is_pydantic_v1(sub_annotation):
+                return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/v2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/v2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7be686d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/_compat/v2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from copy import copy
+from dataclasses import dataclass, is_dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from fastapi._compat import lenient_issubclass, shared
+from fastapi.openapi.constants import REF_TEMPLATE
+from fastapi.types import IncEx, ModelNameMap, UnionType
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, TypeAdapter, create_model
+from pydantic import PydanticSchemaGenerationError as PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+from pydantic import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation as PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from pydantic import ValidationError as ValidationError
+from pydantic._internal import _typing_extra as _pydantic_typing_extra
+from pydantic._internal._schema_generation_shared import (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    GetJsonSchemaHandler as GetJsonSchemaHandler,
+)
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo as FieldInfo
+from pydantic.json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema as _GenerateJsonSchema
+from pydantic.json_schema import JsonSchemaValue as JsonSchemaValue
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema as CoreSchema
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from pydantic_core import Url as Url
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
+    with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
+)
+
+RequiredParam = PydanticUndefined
+Undefined = PydanticUndefined
+
+
+def evaluate_forwardref(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    localns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    # eval_type_lenient has been deprecated since Pydantic v2.10.0b1 (PR #10530)
+    try_eval_type = getattr(_pydantic_typing_extra, "try_eval_type", None)
+    if try_eval_type is not None:
+        return try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)[0]
+    return _pydantic_typing_extra.eval_type_lenient(  # ty: ignore[deprecated]
+        value, globalns, localns
+    )
+
+
+class GenerateJsonSchema(_GenerateJsonSchema):
+    # TODO: remove when this is merged (or equivalent): https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12841
+    # and dropping support for any version of Pydantic before that one (so, in a very long time)
+    def bytes_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        json_schema = {"type": "string", "contentMediaType": "application/octet-stream"}
+        bytes_mode = (
+            self._config.ser_json_bytes
+            if self.mode == "serialization"
+            else self._config.val_json_bytes
+        )
+        if bytes_mode == "base64":
+            json_schema["contentEncoding"] = "base64"
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.bytes)
+        return json_schema
+
+
+# TODO: remove when dropping support for Pydantic < v2.12.3
+_Attrs = {
+    "default": ...,
+    "default_factory": None,
+    "alias": None,
+    "alias_priority": None,
+    "validation_alias": None,
+    "serialization_alias": None,
+    "title": None,
+    "field_title_generator": None,
+    "description": None,
+    "examples": None,
+    "exclude": None,
+    "exclude_if": None,
+    "discriminator": None,
+    "deprecated": None,
+    "json_schema_extra": None,
+    "frozen": None,
+    "validate_default": None,
+    "repr": True,
+    "init": None,
+    "init_var": None,
+    "kw_only": None,
+}
+
+
+# TODO: remove when dropping support for Pydantic < v2.12.3
+def asdict(field_info: FieldInfo) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    attributes = {}
+    for attr in _Attrs:
+        value = getattr(field_info, attr, Undefined)
+        if value is not Undefined:
+            attributes[attr] = value
+    return {
+        "annotation": field_info.annotation,
+        "metadata": field_info.metadata,
+        "attributes": attributes,
+    }
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ModelField:
+    field_info: FieldInfo
+    name: str
+    mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation"
+    config: ConfigDict | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def alias(self) -> str:
+        a = self.field_info.alias
+        return a if a is not None else self.name
+
+    @property
+    def validation_alias(self) -> str | None:
+        va = self.field_info.validation_alias
+        if isinstance(va, str) and va:
+            return va
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def serialization_alias(self) -> str | None:
+        sa = self.field_info.serialization_alias
+        return sa or None
+
+    @property
+    def default(self) -> Any:
+        return self.get_default()
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            # Pydantic >= 2.12.0 warns about field specific metadata that is unused
+            # (e.g. `TypeAdapter(Annotated[int, Field(alias='b')])`). In some cases, we
+            # end up building the type adapter from a model field annotation so we
+            # need to ignore the warning:
+            if shared.PYDANTIC_VERSION_MINOR_TUPLE >= (2, 12):
+                from pydantic.warnings import UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning
+
+                warnings.simplefilter(
+                    "ignore", category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning
+                )
+            # TODO: remove after setting the min Pydantic to v2.12.3
+            # that adds asdict(), and use self.field_info.asdict() instead
+            field_dict = asdict(self.field_info)
+            annotated_args = (
+                field_dict["annotation"],
+                *field_dict["metadata"],
+                # this FieldInfo needs to be created again so that it doesn't include
+                # the old field info metadata and only the rest of the attributes
+                Field(**field_dict["attributes"]),
+            )
+            self._type_adapter: TypeAdapter[Any] = TypeAdapter(
+                Annotated[annotated_args],  # ty: ignore[invalid-type-form]
+                config=self.config,
+            )
+
+    def get_default(self) -> Any:
+        if self.field_info.is_required():
+            return Undefined
+        return self.field_info.get_default(call_default_factory=True)
+
+    def validate(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        values: dict[str, Any] = {},  # noqa: B006
+        *,
+        loc: tuple[int | str, ...] = (),
+    ) -> tuple[Any, list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        try:
+            return (
+                self._type_adapter.validate_python(value, from_attributes=True),
+                [],
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return None, _regenerate_error_with_loc(
+                errors=exc.errors(include_url=False), loc_prefix=loc
+            )
+
+    def serialize(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["json", "python"] = "json",
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> Any:
+        # What calls this code passes a value that already called
+        # self._type_adapter.validate_python(value)
+        return self._type_adapter.dump_python(
+            value,
+            mode=mode,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    def serialize_json(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        # What calls this code passes a value that already called
+        # self._type_adapter.validate_python(value)
+        # This uses Pydantic's dump_json() which serializes directly to JSON
+        # bytes in one pass (via Rust), avoiding the intermediate Python dict
+        # step of dump_python(mode="json") + json.dumps().
+        return self._type_adapter.dump_json(
+            value,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        # Each ModelField is unique for our purposes, to allow making a dict from
+        # ModelField to its JSON Schema.
+        return id(self)
+
+
+def _has_computed_fields(field: ModelField) -> bool:
+    computed_fields = field._type_adapter.core_schema.get("schema", {}).get(
+        "computed_fields", []
+    )
+    return len(computed_fields) > 0
+
+
+def get_schema_from_model_field(
+    *,
+    field: ModelField,
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    override_mode: Literal["validation"] | None = (
+        None
+        if (separate_input_output_schemas or _has_computed_fields(field))
+        else "validation"
+    )
+    field_alias = (
+        (field.validation_alias or field.alias)
+        if field.mode == "validation"
+        else (field.serialization_alias or field.alias)
+    )
+
+    # This expects that GenerateJsonSchema was already used to generate the definitions
+    json_schema = field_mapping[(field, override_mode or field.mode)]
+    if "$ref" not in json_schema:
+        # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
+        # Ref: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/d61792cc42c80b13b23e3ffa74bc37ec7c77f7d1/pydantic/schema.py#L207
+        json_schema["title"] = field.field_info.title or field_alias.title().replace(
+            "_", " "
+        )
+    return json_schema
+
+
+def get_definitions(
+    *,
+    fields: Sequence[ModelField],
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[
+    dict[tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue],
+    dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
+]:
+    schema_generator = GenerateJsonSchema(ref_template=REF_TEMPLATE)
+    validation_fields = [field for field in fields if field.mode == "validation"]
+    serialization_fields = [field for field in fields if field.mode == "serialization"]
+    flat_validation_models = get_flat_models_from_fields(
+        validation_fields, known_models=set()
+    )
+    flat_serialization_models = get_flat_models_from_fields(
+        serialization_fields, known_models=set()
+    )
+    flat_validation_model_fields = [
+        ModelField(
+            field_info=FieldInfo(annotation=model),
+            name=model.__name__,
+            mode="validation",
+        )
+        for model in flat_validation_models
+    ]
+    flat_serialization_model_fields = [
+        ModelField(
+            field_info=FieldInfo(annotation=model),
+            name=model.__name__,
+            mode="serialization",
+        )
+        for model in flat_serialization_models
+    ]
+    flat_model_fields = flat_validation_model_fields + flat_serialization_model_fields
+    input_types = {f.field_info.annotation for f in fields}
+    unique_flat_model_fields = {
+        f for f in flat_model_fields if f.field_info.annotation not in input_types
+    }
+    inputs = [
+        (
+            field,
+            (
+                field.mode
+                if (separate_input_output_schemas or _has_computed_fields(field))
+                else "validation"
+            ),
+            field._type_adapter.core_schema,
+        )
+        for field in list(fields) + list(unique_flat_model_fields)
+    ]
+    field_mapping, definitions = schema_generator.generate_definitions(inputs=inputs)
+    for item_def in cast(dict[str, dict[str, Any]], definitions).values():
+        if "description" in item_def:
+            item_description = cast(str, item_def["description"]).split("\f")[0]
+            item_def["description"] = item_description
+    # definitions: dict[DefsRef, dict[str, Any]]
+    # but mypy complains about general str in other places that are not declared as
+    # DefsRef, although DefsRef is just str:
+    # DefsRef = NewType('DefsRef', str)
+    # So, a cast to simplify the types here
+    return field_mapping, cast(dict[str, dict[str, Any]], definitions)
+
+
+def is_scalar_field(field: ModelField) -> bool:
+    from fastapi import params
+
+    return shared.field_annotation_is_scalar(
+        field.field_info.annotation
+    ) and not isinstance(field.field_info, params.Body)
+
+
+def copy_field_info(*, field_info: FieldInfo, annotation: Any) -> FieldInfo:
+    cls = type(field_info)
+    merged_field_info = cls.from_annotation(annotation)
+    new_field_info = copy(field_info)
+    new_field_info.metadata = merged_field_info.metadata
+    new_field_info.annotation = merged_field_info.annotation
+    return new_field_info
+
+
+def serialize_sequence_value(*, field: ModelField, value: Any) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    origin_type = get_origin(field.field_info.annotation) or field.field_info.annotation
+    if origin_type is Union or origin_type is UnionType:  # Handle optional sequences
+        union_args = get_args(field.field_info.annotation)
+        for union_arg in union_args:
+            if union_arg is type(None):
+                continue
+            origin_type = get_origin(union_arg) or union_arg
+            break
+    assert issubclass(origin_type, shared.sequence_types)  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+    return shared.sequence_annotation_to_type[origin_type](value)  # type: ignore[no-any-return,index]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+
+
+def get_missing_field_error(loc: tuple[int | str, ...]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    error = ValidationError.from_exception_data(
+        "Field required", [{"type": "missing", "loc": loc, "input": {}}]
+    ).errors(include_url=False)[0]
+    error["input"] = None
+    return error  # type: ignore[return-value]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+
+
+def create_body_model(
+    *, fields: Sequence[ModelField], model_name: str
+) -> type[BaseModel]:
+    field_params = {f.name: (f.field_info.annotation, f.field_info) for f in fields}
+    BodyModel: type[BaseModel] = create_model(model_name, **field_params)  # type: ignore[call-overload]  # ty: ignore[no-matching-overload]
+    return BodyModel
+
+
+def get_model_fields(model: type[BaseModel]) -> list[ModelField]:
+    model_fields: list[ModelField] = []
+    for name, field_info in model.model_fields.items():
+        type_ = field_info.annotation
+        if lenient_issubclass(type_, (BaseModel, dict)) or is_dataclass(type_):
+            model_config = None
+        else:
+            model_config = model.model_config
+        model_fields.append(
+            ModelField(
+                field_info=field_info,
+                name=name,
+                config=model_config,
+            )
+        )
+    return model_fields
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def get_cached_model_fields(model: type[BaseModel]) -> list[ModelField]:
+    return get_model_fields(model)
+
+
+# Duplicate of several schema functions from Pydantic v1 to make them compatible with
+# Pydantic v2 and allow mixing the models
+
+TypeModelOrEnum = type["BaseModel"] | type[Enum]
+TypeModelSet = set[TypeModelOrEnum]
+
+
+def normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    return re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]", "_", name)
+
+
+def get_model_name_map(unique_models: TypeModelSet) -> dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str]:
+    name_model_map = {}
+    for model in unique_models:
+        model_name = normalize_name(model.__name__)
+        name_model_map[model_name] = model
+    return {v: k for k, v in name_model_map.items()}
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_model(
+    model: type["BaseModel"], known_models: TypeModelSet | None = None
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    known_models = known_models or set()
+    fields = get_model_fields(model)
+    get_flat_models_from_fields(fields, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_annotation(
+    annotation: Any, known_models: TypeModelSet
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is not None:
+        for arg in get_args(annotation):
+            if lenient_issubclass(arg, (BaseModel, Enum)):
+                if arg not in known_models:
+                    known_models.add(arg)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    if lenient_issubclass(arg, BaseModel):
+                        get_flat_models_from_model(arg, known_models=known_models)
+            else:
+                get_flat_models_from_annotation(arg, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_field(
+    field: ModelField, known_models: TypeModelSet
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    field_type = field.field_info.annotation
+    if lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
+        if field_type in known_models:
+            return known_models
+        known_models.add(field_type)
+        get_flat_models_from_model(field_type, known_models=known_models)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, Enum):
+        known_models.add(field_type)
+    else:
+        get_flat_models_from_annotation(field_type, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_fields(
+    fields: Sequence[ModelField], known_models: TypeModelSet
+) -> TypeModelSet:
+    for field in fields:
+        get_flat_models_from_field(field, known_models=known_models)
+    return known_models
+
+
+def _regenerate_error_with_loc(
+    *, errors: Sequence[Any], loc_prefix: tuple[str | int, ...]
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    updated_loc_errors: list[Any] = [
+        {**err, "loc": loc_prefix + err.get("loc", ())} for err in errors
+    ]
+
+    return updated_loc_errors
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/applications.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/applications.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56e1a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/applications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4768 @@
+import os
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Coroutine, Sequence
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi import routing
+from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
+from fastapi.exception_handlers import (
+    http_exception_handler,
+    request_validation_exception_handler,
+    websocket_request_validation_exception_handler,
+)
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError
+from fastapi.logger import logger
+from fastapi.middleware.asyncexitstack import AsyncExitStackMiddleware
+from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
+    get_redoc_html,
+    get_swagger_ui_html,
+    get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
+)
+from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+from fastapi.params import Depends
+from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx
+from fastapi.utils import generate_unique_id
+from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.datastructures import State
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+AppType = TypeVar("AppType", bound="FastAPI")
+
+
+class FastAPI(Starlette):
+    """
+    `FastAPI` app class, the main entrypoint to use FastAPI.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for First Steps](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/first-steps/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self: AppType,
+        *,
+        debug: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Boolean indicating if debug tracebacks should be returned on server
+                errors.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [Starlette docs for Applications](https://www.starlette.dev/applications/#instantiating-the-application).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        routes: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                ---
+
+                A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
+                """
+            ),
+            deprecated(
+                """
+                You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*,
+                like `app.get()`, `app.post()`, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        title: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The title of the API.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(title="ChimichangApp")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "FastAPI",
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A short summary of the API.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(summary="Deadpond's favorite app. Nuff said.")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                '''
+                A description of the API. Supports Markdown (using
+                [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/)).
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    description="""
+                                ChimichangApp API helps you do awesome stuff. 🚀
+
+                                ## Items
+
+                                You can **read items**.
+
+                                ## Users
+
+                                You will be able to:
+
+                                * **Create users** (_not implemented_).
+                                * **Read users** (_not implemented_).
+
+                                """
+                )
+                ```
+                '''
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        version: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The version of the API.
+
+                **Note** This is the version of your application, not the version of
+                the OpenAPI specification nor the version of FastAPI being used.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(version="0.0.1")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "0.1.0",
+        openapi_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL where the OpenAPI schema will be served from.
+
+                If you set it to `None`, no OpenAPI schema will be served publicly, and
+                the default automatic endpoints `/docs` and `/redoc` will also be
+                disabled.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#openapi-url).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/openapi.json",
+        openapi_tags: Annotated[
+            list[dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags used by OpenAPI, these are the same `tags` you can set
+                in the *path operations*, like:
+
+                * `@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"])`
+                * `@app.get("/items/", tags=["items"])`
+
+                The order of the tags can be used to specify the order shown in
+                tools like Swagger UI, used in the automatic path `/docs`.
+
+                It's not required to specify all the tags used.
+
+                The tags that are not declared MAY be organized randomly or based
+                on the tools' logic. Each tag name in the list MUST be unique.
+
+                The value of each item is a `dict` containing:
+
+                * `name`: The name of the tag.
+                * `description`: A short description of the tag.
+                    [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for rich
+                    text representation.
+                * `externalDocs`: Additional external documentation for this tag. If
+                    provided, it would contain a `dict` with:
+                    * `description`: A short description of the target documentation.
+                        [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for
+                        rich text representation.
+                    * `url`: The URL for the target documentation. Value MUST be in
+                        the form of a URL.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-tags).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                tags_metadata = [
+                    {
+                        "name": "users",
+                        "description": "Operations with users. The **login** logic is also here.",
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "name": "items",
+                        "description": "Manage items. So _fancy_ they have their own docs.",
+                        "externalDocs": {
+                            "description": "Items external docs",
+                            "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/",
+                        },
+                    },
+                ]
+
+                app = FastAPI(openapi_tags=tags_metadata)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        servers: Annotated[
+            list[dict[str, str | Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A `list` of `dict`s with connectivity information to a target server.
+
+                You would use it, for example, if your application is served from
+                different domains and you want to use the same Swagger UI in the
+                browser to interact with each of them (instead of having multiple
+                browser tabs open). Or if you want to leave fixed the possible URLs.
+
+                If the servers `list` is not provided, or is an empty `list`, the
+                `servers` property in the generated OpenAPI will be:
+
+                * a `dict` with a `url` value of the application's mounting point
+                (`root_path`) if it's different from `/`.
+                * otherwise, the `servers` property will be omitted from the OpenAPI
+                schema.
+
+                Each item in the `list` is a `dict` containing:
+
+                * `url`: A URL to the target host. This URL supports Server Variables
+                and MAY be relative, to indicate that the host location is relative
+                to the location where the OpenAPI document is being served. Variable
+                substitutions will be made when a variable is named in `{`brackets`}`.
+                * `description`: An optional string describing the host designated by
+                the URL. [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for
+                rich text representation.
+                * `variables`: A `dict` between a variable name and its value. The value
+                    is used for substitution in the server's URL template.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/#additional-servers).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    servers=[
+                        {"url": "https://stag.example.com", "description": "Staging environment"},
+                        {"url": "https://prod.example.com", "description": "Production environment"},
+                    ]
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of global dependencies, they will be applied to each
+                *path operation*, including in sub-routers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Global Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies/).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+                from .dependencies import func_dep_1, func_dep_2
+
+                app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(func_dep_1), Depends(func_dep_2)])
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default response class to be used.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+                from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
+
+                app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        redirect_slashes: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't
+                use the same format.
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(redirect_slashes=True)  # the default
+
+                @app.get("/items/")
+                async def read_items():
+                    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
+                ```
+
+                With this app, if a client goes to `/items` (without a trailing slash),
+                they will be automatically redirected with an HTTP status code of 307
+                to `/items/`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        docs_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The path to the automatic interactive API documentation.
+                It is handled in the browser by Swagger UI.
+
+                The default URL is `/docs`. You can disable it by setting it to `None`.
+
+                If `openapi_url` is set to `None`, this will be automatically disabled.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#docs-urls).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url=None)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/docs",
+        redoc_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The path to the alternative automatic interactive API documentation
+                provided by ReDoc.
+
+                The default URL is `/redoc`. You can disable it by setting it to `None`.
+
+                If `openapi_url` is set to `None`, this will be automatically disabled.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#docs-urls).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url="redocumentation")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/redoc",
+        swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 redirect endpoint for the Swagger UI.
+
+                By default it is `/docs/oauth2-redirect`.
+
+                This is only used if you use OAuth2 (with the "Authorize" button)
+                with Swagger UI.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "/docs/oauth2-redirect",
+        swagger_ui_init_oauth: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OAuth2 configuration for the Swagger UI, by default shown at `/docs`.
+
+                Read more about the available configuration options in the
+                [Swagger UI docs](https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        middleware: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Middleware] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of middleware to be added when creating the application.
+
+                In FastAPI you would normally do this with `app.add_middleware()`
+                instead.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        exception_handlers: Annotated[
+            dict[
+                int | type[Exception],
+                Callable[[Request, Any], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]],
+            ]
+            | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with handlers for exceptions.
+
+                In FastAPI, you would normally use the decorator
+                `@app.exception_handler()`.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        on_startup: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of startup event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        on_shutdown: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of shutdown event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        lifespan: Annotated[
+            Lifespan[AppType] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and
+                `shutdown` functions with a single context manager.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        terms_of_service: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A URL to the Terms of Service for your API.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                app = FastAPI(terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        contact: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str | Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with the contact information for the exposed API.
+
+                It can contain several fields.
+
+                * `name`: (`str`) The name of the contact person/organization.
+                * `url`: (`str`) A URL pointing to the contact information. MUST be in
+                    the format of a URL.
+                * `email`: (`str`) The email address of the contact person/organization.
+                    MUST be in the format of an email address.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    contact={
+                        "name": "Deadpoolio the Amazing",
+                        "url": "http://x-force.example.com/contact/",
+                        "email": "dp@x-force.example.com",
+                    }
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        license_info: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str | Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with the license information for the exposed API.
+
+                It can contain several fields.
+
+                * `name`: (`str`) **REQUIRED** (if a `license_info` is set). The
+                    license name used for the API.
+                * `identifier`: (`str`) An [SPDX](https://spdx.dev/) license expression
+                    for the API. The `identifier` field is mutually exclusive of the `url`
+                    field. Available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0.
+                * `url`: (`str`) A URL to the license used for the API. This MUST be
+                    the format of a URL.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                app = FastAPI(
+                    license_info={
+                        "name": "Apache 2.0",
+                        "url": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html",
+                    }
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_prefix: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A URL prefix for the OpenAPI URL.
+                """
+            ),
+            deprecated(
+                """
+                "openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which
+                follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more
+                automatic.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        root_path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A path prefix handled by a proxy that is not seen by the application
+                but is seen by external clients, which affects things like Swagger UI.
+
+                Read more about it at the
+                [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(root_path="/api/v1")
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        root_path_in_servers: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                To disable automatically generating the URLs in the `servers` field
+                in the autogenerated OpenAPI using the `root_path`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/#disable-automatic-server-from-root-path).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI(root_path_in_servers=False)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        webhooks: Annotated[
+            routing.APIRouter | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Add OpenAPI webhooks. This is similar to `callbacks` but it doesn't
+                depend on specific *path operations*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                **Note**: This is available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Webhooks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-webhooks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all *path operations* as deprecated. You probably don't need it,
+                but it's available.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#deprecate-a-path-operation).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                To include (or not) all the *path operations* in the generated OpenAPI.
+                You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Parameters to configure Swagger UI, the autogenerated interactive API
+                documentation (by default at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        separate_input_output_schemas: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Whether to generate separate OpenAPI schemas for request body and
+                response body when the results would be more precise.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients.
+
+                For example, if you have a model like:
+
+                ```python
+                from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+                class Item(BaseModel):
+                    name: str
+                    tags: list[str] = []
+                ```
+
+                When `Item` is used for input, a request body, `tags` is not required,
+                the client doesn't have to provide it.
+
+                But when using `Item` for output, for a response body, `tags` is always
+                available because it has a default value, even if it's just an empty
+                list. So, the client should be able to always expect it.
+
+                In this case, there would be two different schemas, one for input and
+                another one for output.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to separate schemas for input and output](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas)
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        openapi_external_docs: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                This field allows you to provide additional external documentation links.
+                If provided, it must be a dictionary containing:
+
+                * `description`: A brief description of the external documentation.
+                * `url`: The URL pointing to the external documentation. The value **MUST**
+                be a valid URL format.
+
+                **Example**:
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                external_docs = {
+                    "description": "Detailed API Reference",
+                    "url": "https://example.com/api-docs",
+                }
+
+                app = FastAPI(openapi_external_docs=external_docs)
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        strict_content_type: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
+
+                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
+                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
+
+                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
+                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
+                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
+                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
+
+                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
+                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
+                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        **extra: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra keyword arguments to be stored in the app, not used by FastAPI
+                anywhere.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.debug = debug
+        self.title = title
+        self.summary = summary
+        self.description = description
+        self.version = version
+        self.terms_of_service = terms_of_service
+        self.contact = contact
+        self.license_info = license_info
+        self.openapi_url = openapi_url
+        self.openapi_tags = openapi_tags
+        self.root_path_in_servers = root_path_in_servers
+        self.docs_url = docs_url
+        self.redoc_url = redoc_url
+        self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
+        self.swagger_ui_init_oauth = swagger_ui_init_oauth
+        self.swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_parameters
+        self.servers = servers or []
+        self.separate_input_output_schemas = separate_input_output_schemas
+        self.openapi_external_docs = openapi_external_docs
+        self.extra = extra
+        self.openapi_version: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The version string of OpenAPI.
+
+                FastAPI will generate OpenAPI version 3.1.0, and will output that as
+                the OpenAPI version. But some tools, even though they might be
+                compatible with OpenAPI 3.1.0, might not recognize it as a valid.
+
+                So you could override this value to trick those tools into using
+                the generated OpenAPI. Have in mind that this is a hack. But if you
+                avoid using features added in OpenAPI 3.1.0, it might work for your
+                use case.
+
+                This is not passed as a parameter to the `FastAPI` class to avoid
+                giving the false idea that FastAPI would generate a different OpenAPI
+                schema. It is only available as an attribute.
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.openapi_version = "3.0.2"
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "3.1.0"
+        self.openapi_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        self._openapi_routes_version: int | None = None
+        if self.openapi_url:
+            assert self.title, "A title must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: 'My API'"
+            assert self.version, "A version must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: '2.1.0'"
+        # TODO: remove when discarding the openapi_prefix parameter
+        if openapi_prefix:
+            logger.warning(
+                '"openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which '
+                "follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more "
+                "automatic. Check the docs at "
+                "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/sub-applications/"
+            )
+        self.webhooks: Annotated[
+            routing.APIRouter,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The `app.webhooks` attribute is an `APIRouter` with the *path
+                operations* that will be used just for documentation of webhooks.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Webhooks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-webhooks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = webhooks or routing.APIRouter()
+        self.root_path = root_path or openapi_prefix
+        self.state: Annotated[
+            State,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A state object for the application. This is the same object for the
+                entire application, it doesn't change from request to request.
+
+                You normally wouldn't use this in FastAPI, for most of the cases you
+                would instead use FastAPI dependencies.
+
+                This is simply inherited from Starlette.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [Starlette docs for Applications](https://www.starlette.dev/applications/#storing-state-on-the-app-instance).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = State()
+        self.dependency_overrides: Annotated[
+            dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A dictionary with overrides for the dependencies.
+
+                Each key is the original dependency callable, and the value is the
+                actual dependency that should be called.
+
+                This is for testing, to replace expensive dependencies with testing
+                versions.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Testing Dependencies with Overrides](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/testing-dependencies/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = {}
+        self.router: routing.APIRouter = routing.APIRouter(
+            routes=routes,
+            redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self,
+            on_startup=on_startup,
+            on_shutdown=on_shutdown,
+            lifespan=lifespan,
+            default_response_class=default_response_class,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            responses=responses,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
+        )
+        self.exception_handlers: dict[
+            Any, Callable[[Request, Any], Response | Awaitable[Response]]
+        ] = {} if exception_handlers is None else dict(exception_handlers)
+        self.exception_handlers.setdefault(HTTPException, http_exception_handler)
+        self.exception_handlers.setdefault(
+            RequestValidationError, request_validation_exception_handler
+        )
+
+        # Starlette still has incorrect type specification for the handlers
+        self.exception_handlers.setdefault(
+            WebSocketRequestValidationError,
+            websocket_request_validation_exception_handler,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )  # ty: ignore[no-matching-overload]
+
+        self.user_middleware: list[Middleware] = (
+            [] if middleware is None else list(middleware)
+        )
+        self.middleware_stack: ASGIApp | None = None
+        self.setup()
+
+    def build_middleware_stack(self) -> ASGIApp:
+        # Duplicate/override from Starlette to add AsyncExitStackMiddleware
+        # inside of ExceptionMiddleware, inside of custom user middlewares
+        debug = self.debug
+        error_handler = None
+        exception_handlers: dict[Any, ExceptionHandler] = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.exception_handlers.items():
+            if key in (500, Exception):
+                error_handler = value
+            else:
+                exception_handlers[key] = value
+
+        middleware = (
+            [Middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, handler=error_handler, debug=debug)]
+            + self.user_middleware
+            + [
+                Middleware(
+                    ExceptionMiddleware,
+                    handlers=exception_handlers,
+                    debug=debug,
+                ),
+                # Add FastAPI-specific AsyncExitStackMiddleware for closing files.
+                # Before this was also used for closing dependencies with yield but
+                # those now have their own AsyncExitStack, to properly support
+                # streaming responses while keeping compatibility with the previous
+                # versions (as of writing 0.117.1) that allowed doing
+                # except HTTPException inside a dependency with yield.
+                # This needs to happen after user middlewares because those create a
+                # new contextvars context copy by using a new AnyIO task group.
+                # This AsyncExitStack preserves the context for contextvars, not
+                # strictly necessary for closing files but it was one of the original
+                # intentions.
+                # If the AsyncExitStack lived outside of the custom middlewares and
+                # contextvars were set, for example in a dependency with 'yield'
+                # in that internal contextvars context, the values would not be
+                # available in the outer context of the AsyncExitStack.
+                # By placing the middleware and the AsyncExitStack here, inside all
+                # user middlewares, the same context is used.
+                # This is currently not needed, only for closing files, but used to be
+                # important when dependencies with yield were closed here.
+                Middleware(AsyncExitStackMiddleware),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        app = self.router
+        for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+            app = cls(app, *args, **kwargs)
+        return app
+
+    def openapi(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Generate the OpenAPI schema of the application. This is called by FastAPI
+        internally.
+
+        The first time it is called it stores the result in the attribute
+        `app.openapi_schema`, and next times it is called, it just returns that same
+        result. To avoid the cost of generating the schema every time.
+
+        If you need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema, you could modify it.
+
+        Read more in the
+        [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/extending-openapi/).
+        """
+        routes_version = self.router._get_routes_version()
+        if not self.openapi_schema or self._openapi_routes_version != routes_version:
+            self.openapi_schema = get_openapi(
+                title=self.title,
+                version=self.version,
+                openapi_version=self.openapi_version,
+                summary=self.summary,
+                description=self.description,
+                terms_of_service=self.terms_of_service,
+                contact=self.contact,
+                license_info=self.license_info,
+                routes=self.routes,
+                webhooks=self.webhooks.routes,
+                tags=self.openapi_tags,
+                servers=self.servers,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=self.separate_input_output_schemas,
+                external_docs=self.openapi_external_docs,
+            )
+            self._openapi_routes_version = routes_version
+        return self.openapi_schema
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        if self.openapi_url:
+
+            async def openapi(req: Request) -> JSONResponse:
+                root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+                schema = self.openapi()
+                if root_path and self.root_path_in_servers:
+                    server_urls = {s.get("url") for s in schema.get("servers", [])}
+                    if root_path not in server_urls:
+                        schema = dict(schema)
+                        schema["servers"] = [{"url": root_path}] + schema.get(
+                            "servers", []
+                        )
+                return JSONResponse(schema)
+
+            self.add_route(self.openapi_url, openapi, include_in_schema=False)
+        if self.openapi_url and self.docs_url:
+
+            async def swagger_ui_html(req: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
+                root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+                openapi_url = root_path + self.openapi_url
+                oauth2_redirect_url = self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
+                if oauth2_redirect_url:
+                    oauth2_redirect_url = root_path + oauth2_redirect_url
+                return get_swagger_ui_html(
+                    openapi_url=openapi_url,
+                    title=f"{self.title} - Swagger UI",
+                    oauth2_redirect_url=oauth2_redirect_url,
+                    init_oauth=self.swagger_ui_init_oauth,
+                    swagger_ui_parameters=self.swagger_ui_parameters,
+                )
+
+            self.add_route(self.docs_url, swagger_ui_html, include_in_schema=False)
+
+            if self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url:
+
+                async def swagger_ui_redirect(req: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
+                    return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
+
+                self.add_route(
+                    self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
+                    swagger_ui_redirect,
+                    include_in_schema=False,
+                )
+        if self.openapi_url and self.redoc_url:
+
+            async def redoc_html(req: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
+                root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+                openapi_url = root_path + self.openapi_url
+                return get_redoc_html(
+                    openapi_url=openapi_url, title=f"{self.title} - ReDoc"
+                )
+
+            self.add_route(self.redoc_url, redoc_html, include_in_schema=False)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.root_path:
+            scope["root_path"] = self.root_path
+        await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def add_api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.router.add_api_route(
+            path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=methods,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def frontend(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path prefix where the frontend build should be served.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        directory: Annotated[
+            str | os.PathLike[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The directory containing the static frontend build output.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        fallback: Annotated[
+            Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The fallback file behavior for missing frontend paths.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "auto",
+        check_dir: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Check that the frontend directory exists when the app is created.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Serve a static frontend build as low-priority routes.
+
+        Use this for frontend tools that build static files into a directory,
+        such as `dist`. **FastAPI** path operations are checked first, and
+        the frontend files are checked only if no normal route matched.
+
+        A typical project could look like this:
+
+        ```text
+        .
+        ├── pyproject.toml
+        ├── app
+        │   ├── __init__.py
+        │   └── main.py
+        └── dist
+            ├── index.html
+            └── assets
+                └── app.js
+        ```
+
+        Then in `app/main.py`:
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        app.frontend("/", directory="dist")
+        ```
+        """
+        self.router.frontend(
+            path,
+            directory=directory,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            check_dir=check_dir,
+        )
+
+    def api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.router.add_api_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                response_model=response_model,
+                status_code=status_code,
+                tags=tags,
+                dependencies=dependencies,
+                summary=summary,
+                description=description,
+                response_description=response_description,
+                responses=responses,
+                deprecated=deprecated,
+                methods=methods,
+                operation_id=operation_id,
+                response_model_include=response_model_include,
+                response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+                response_class=response_class,
+                name=name,
+                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_api_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Sequence[Depends] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.router.add_api_websocket_route(
+            path,
+            endpoint,
+            name=name,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+        )
+
+    def websocket(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                WebSocket path.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this
+                WebSocket.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Decorate a WebSocket function.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+        **Example**
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.websocket("/ws")
+        async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
+            await websocket.accept()
+            while True:
+                data = await websocket.receive_text()
+                await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_api_websocket_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                name=name,
+                dependencies=dependencies,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def include_router(
+        self,
+        router: Annotated[routing.APIRouter, Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")],
+        *,
+        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
+                *path operations* in this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+                from .dependencies import get_token_header
+                from .internal import admin
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    admin.router,
+                    dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)],
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all the *path operations* in this router as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                from .internal import old_api
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    old_api.router,
+                    deprecated=True,
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
+                generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+                from .internal import old_api
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    old_api.router,
+                    include_in_schema=False,
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Default response class to be used for the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+
+                **Example**
+
+                ```python
+                from fastapi import FastAPI
+                from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
+
+                from .internal import old_api
+
+                app = FastAPI()
+
+                app.include_router(
+                    old_api.router,
+                    default_response_class=ORJSONResponse,
+                )
+                ```
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Include an `APIRouter` in the same app.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        from .users import users_router
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        app.include_router(users_router)
+        ```
+        """
+        self.router.include_router(
+            router,
+            prefix=prefix,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            default_response_class=default_response_class,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.get("/items/")
+        def read_items():
+            return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}]
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.get(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+        def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.put(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.post("/items/")
+        def create_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item created"}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.post(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+        def delete_item(item_id: str):
+            return {"message": "Item deleted"}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.delete(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.options("/items/")
+        def get_item_options():
+            return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.options(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.head("/items/", status_code=204)
+        def get_items_headers(response: Response):
+            response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world"
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.head(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.patch("/items/")
+        def update_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item updated in place"}
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.patch(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def trace(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        @app.trace("/items/{item_id}")
+        def trace_item(item_id: str):
+            return None
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.router.trace(
+            path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def websocket_route(
+        self, path: str, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.router.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    @deprecated(
+        """
+        on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+        """
+    )
+    def on_event(
+        self,
+        event_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add an event handler for the application.
+
+        `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated).
+        """
+        return self.router.on_event(event_type)  # ty: ignore[deprecated]
+
+    def middleware(
+        self,
+        middleware_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type of middleware. Currently only supports `http`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a middleware to the application.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        import time
+        from typing import Awaitable, Callable
+
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+
+        @app.middleware("http")
+        async def add_process_time_header(
+            request: Request, call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+        ) -> Response:
+            start_time = time.time()
+            response = await call_next(request)
+            process_time = time.time() - start_time
+            response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
+            return response
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_middleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware, dispatch=func)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def exception_handler(
+        self,
+        exc_class_or_status_code: Annotated[
+            int | type[Exception],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The Exception class this would handle, or a status code.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add an exception handler to the app.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+        from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+        class UnicornException(Exception):
+            def __init__(self, name: str):
+                self.name = name
+
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+
+        @app.exception_handler(UnicornException)
+        async def unicorn_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: UnicornException):
+            return JSONResponse(
+                status_code=418,
+                content={"message": f"Oops! {exc.name} did something. There goes a rainbow..."},
+            )
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_exception_handler(exc_class_or_status_code, func)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/background.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/background.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7677058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/background.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks):
+    """
+    A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been
+    sent to the client.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    def write_notification(email: str, message=""):
+        with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file:
+            content = f"notification for {email}: {message}"
+            email_file.write(content)
+
+
+    @app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+    async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
+        background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
+        return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def add_task(
+        self,
+        func: Annotated[
+            Callable[P, Any],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The function to call after the response is sent.
+
+                It can be a regular `def` function or an `async def` function.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a function to be called in the background after the response is sent.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).
+        """
+        return super().add_task(func, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d3301e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+try:
+    from fastapi_cli.cli import main as cli_main
+
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    cli_main = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    if not cli_main:  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+        message = 'To use the fastapi command, please install "fastapi[standard]":\n\n\tpip install "fastapi[standard]"\n'
+        print(message)
+        raise RuntimeError(message)  # noqa: B904
+    cli_main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/concurrency.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/concurrency.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76a5a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/concurrency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+import anyio.to_thread
+from anyio import CapacityLimiter
+from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool as iterate_in_threadpool  # noqa
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool as run_in_threadpool  # noqa
+from starlette.concurrency import (  # noqa
+    run_until_first_complete as run_until_first_complete,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def contextmanager_in_threadpool(
+    cm: AbstractContextManager[_T],
+) -> AsyncGenerator[_T, None]:
+    # blocking __exit__ from running waiting on a free thread
+    # can create race conditions/deadlocks if the context manager itself
+    # has its own internal pool (e.g. a database connection pool)
+    # to avoid this we let __exit__ run without a capacity limit
+    # since we're creating a new limiter for each call, any non-zero limit
+    # works (1 is arbitrary)
+    exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1)
+    try:
+        yield await run_in_threadpool(cm.__enter__)
+    except Exception as e:
+        ok = bool(
+            await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(
+                cm.__exit__, type(e), e, e.__traceback__, limiter=exit_limiter
+            )
+        )
+        if not ok:
+            raise e
+    else:
+        await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(
+            cm.__exit__, None, None, None, limiter=exit_limiter
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/datastructures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/datastructures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1da784c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/datastructures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from pydantic import GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from starlette.datastructures import URL as URL  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import Address as Address  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import FormData as FormData  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import Headers as Headers  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import QueryParams as QueryParams  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import State as State  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile
+
+
+class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile):
+    """
+    A file uploaded in a request.
+
+    Define it as a *path operation function* (or dependency) parameter.
+
+    If you are using a regular `def` function, you can use the `upload_file.file`
+    attribute to access the raw standard Python file (blocking, not async), useful and
+    needed for non-async code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Request Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/files/")
+    async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]):
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+    @app.post("/uploadfile/")
+    async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    file: Annotated[
+        BinaryIO,
+        Doc("The standard Python file object (non-async)."),
+    ]
+    filename: Annotated[str | None, Doc("The original file name.")]
+    size: Annotated[int | None, Doc("The size of the file in bytes.")]
+    headers: Annotated[Headers, Doc("The headers of the request.")]
+    content_type: Annotated[
+        str | None, Doc("The content type of the request, from the headers.")
+    ]
+
+    async def write(
+        self,
+        data: Annotated[
+            bytes,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The bytes to write to the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write some bytes to the file.
+
+        You normally wouldn't use this from a file you read in a request.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().write(data)
+
+    async def read(
+        self,
+        size: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The number of bytes to read from the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = -1,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read some bytes from the file.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().read(size)
+
+    async def seek(
+        self,
+        offset: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The position in bytes to seek to in the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Move to a position in the file.
+
+        Any next read or write will be done from that position.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().seek(offset)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the file.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().close()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> "UploadFile":
+        if not isinstance(__input_value, StarletteUploadFile):
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(__input_value)}")
+        return cast(UploadFile, __input_value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: Mapping[str, Any], handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"type": "string", "contentMediaType": "application/octet-stream"}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], Mapping[str, Any]]
+    ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+        from ._compat.v2 import with_info_plain_validator_function
+
+        return with_info_plain_validator_function(cls._validate)
+
+
+class DefaultPlaceholder:
+    """
+    You shouldn't use this class directly.
+
+    It's used internally to recognize when a default value has been overwritten, even
+    if the overridden default value was truthy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Any):
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.value)
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(o, DefaultPlaceholder) and o.value == self.value
+
+
+DefaultType = TypeVar("DefaultType")
+
+
+def Default(value: DefaultType) -> DefaultType:
+    """
+    You shouldn't use this function directly.
+
+    It's used internally to recognize when a default value has been overwritten, even
+    if the overridden default value was truthy.
+    """
+    return DefaultPlaceholder(value)  # type: ignore
+
+
+# Sentinel for "parameter not provided" in Param/FieldInfo.
+# Typed as None to satisfy ty
+_Unset = Default(None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25ffb0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import inspect
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import cached_property, partial
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from fastapi._compat import ModelField
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from fastapi.types import DependencyCacheKey
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+
+def _unwrapped_call(call: Callable[..., Any] | None) -> Any:
+    if call is None:
+        return call  # pragma: no cover
+    unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(_impartial(call))
+    return unwrapped
+
+
+def _impartial(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+    while isinstance(func, partial):
+        func = func.func
+    return func
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Dependant:
+    path_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    query_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    header_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    cookie_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    body_params: list[ModelField] = field(default_factory=list)
+    dependencies: list["Dependant"] = field(default_factory=list)
+    name: str | None = None
+    call: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
+    request_param_name: str | None = None
+    websocket_param_name: str | None = None
+    http_connection_param_name: str | None = None
+    response_param_name: str | None = None
+    background_tasks_param_name: str | None = None
+    security_scopes_param_name: str | None = None
+    own_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+    parent_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None
+    use_cache: bool = True
+    path: str | None = None
+    scope: Literal["function", "request"] | None = None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def oauth_scopes(self) -> list[str]:
+        scopes = self.parent_oauth_scopes.copy() if self.parent_oauth_scopes else []
+        # This doesn't use a set to preserve order, just in case
+        for scope in self.own_oauth_scopes or []:
+            if scope not in scopes:
+                scopes.append(scope)
+        return scopes
+
+    @cached_property
+    def cache_key(self) -> DependencyCacheKey:
+        scopes_for_cache = (
+            tuple(sorted(set(self.oauth_scopes or []))) if self._uses_scopes else ()
+        )
+        return (
+            self.call,
+            scopes_for_cache,
+            self.computed_scope or "",
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _uses_scopes(self) -> bool:
+        if self.own_oauth_scopes:
+            return True
+        if self.security_scopes_param_name is not None:
+            return True
+        if self._is_security_scheme:
+            return True
+        for sub_dep in self.dependencies:
+            if sub_dep._uses_scopes:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _is_security_scheme(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        unwrapped = _unwrapped_call(self.call)
+        return isinstance(unwrapped, SecurityBase)
+
+    # Mainly to get the type of SecurityBase, but it's the same self.call
+    @cached_property
+    def _security_scheme(self) -> SecurityBase:
+        unwrapped = _unwrapped_call(self.call)
+        assert isinstance(unwrapped, SecurityBase)
+        return unwrapped
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _security_dependencies(self) -> list["Dependant"]:
+        security_deps = [dep for dep in self.dependencies if dep._is_security_scheme]
+        return security_deps
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_gen_callable(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(
+            _impartial(self.call)
+        ) or inspect.isgeneratorfunction(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isclass(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return False
+        dunder_call = getattr(_impartial(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_call)
+        ) or inspect.isgeneratorfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_call)):
+            return True
+        dunder_unwrapped_call = getattr(_unwrapped_call(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_unwrapped_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_unwrapped_call)
+        ) or inspect.isgeneratorfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_unwrapped_call)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_async_gen_callable(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(
+            _impartial(self.call)
+        ) or inspect.isasyncgenfunction(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isclass(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return False
+        dunder_call = getattr(_impartial(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_call)
+        ) or inspect.isasyncgenfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_call)):
+            return True
+        dunder_unwrapped_call = getattr(_unwrapped_call(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_unwrapped_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_unwrapped_call)
+        ) or inspect.isasyncgenfunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_unwrapped_call)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def is_coroutine_callable(self) -> bool:
+        if self.call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if inspect.isroutine(_impartial(self.call)) and iscoroutinefunction(
+            _impartial(self.call)
+        ):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isroutine(_unwrapped_call(self.call)) and iscoroutinefunction(
+            _unwrapped_call(self.call)
+        ):
+            return True
+        if inspect.isclass(_unwrapped_call(self.call)):
+            return False
+        dunder_call = getattr(_impartial(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if iscoroutinefunction(_impartial(dunder_call)) or iscoroutinefunction(
+            _unwrapped_call(dunder_call)
+        ):
+            return True
+        dunder_unwrapped_call = getattr(_unwrapped_call(self.call), "__call__", None)  # noqa: B004
+        if dunder_unwrapped_call is None:
+            return False  # pragma: no cover
+        if iscoroutinefunction(
+            _impartial(dunder_unwrapped_call)
+        ) or iscoroutinefunction(_unwrapped_call(dunder_unwrapped_call)):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def computed_scope(self) -> str | None:
+        if self.scope:
+            return self.scope
+        if self.is_gen_callable or self.is_async_gen_callable:
+            return "request"
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40dffba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import sys
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack, contextmanager
+from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Literal,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+)
+
+from fastapi import params
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    RequiredParam,
+    Undefined,
+    copy_field_info,
+    create_body_model,
+    evaluate_forwardref,
+    field_annotation_is_scalar,
+    field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence,
+    field_annotation_is_sequence,
+    get_cached_model_fields,
+    get_missing_field_error,
+    is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation,
+    is_bytes_sequence_annotation,
+    is_scalar_field,
+    is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation,
+    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+    sequence_types,
+    serialize_sequence_value,
+    value_is_sequence,
+)
+from fastapi.background import BackgroundTasks
+from fastapi.concurrency import (
+    asynccontextmanager,
+    contextmanager_in_threadpool,
+)
+from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
+from fastapi.exceptions import DependencyScopeError
+from fastapi.logger import logger
+from fastapi.security.oauth2 import SecurityScopes
+from fastapi.types import DependencyCacheKey
+from fastapi.utils import create_model_field, get_path_param_names
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Json
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.datastructures import (
+    FormData,
+    Headers,
+    ImmutableMultiDict,
+    QueryParams,
+    UploadFile,
+)
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+from typing_inspection.typing_objects import is_typealiastype
+
+multipart_not_installed_error = (
+    'Form data requires "python-multipart" to be installed. \n'
+    'You can install "python-multipart" with: \n\n'
+    "pip install python-multipart\n"
+)
+multipart_incorrect_install_error = (
+    'Form data requires "python-multipart" to be installed. '
+    'It seems you installed "multipart" instead. \n'
+    'You can remove "multipart" with: \n\n'
+    "pip uninstall multipart\n\n"
+    'And then install "python-multipart" with: \n\n'
+    "pip install python-multipart\n"
+)
+
+
+def ensure_multipart_is_installed() -> None:
+    try:
+        from python_multipart import __version__
+
+        # Import an attribute that can be mocked/deleted in testing
+        assert __version__ > "0.0.12"
+    except (ImportError, AssertionError):
+        try:
+            # __version__ is available in both multiparts, and can be mocked
+            from multipart import (  # type: ignore[no-redef,import-untyped]
+                __version__,
+            )
+
+            assert __version__
+            try:
+                # parse_options_header is only available in the right multipart
+                from multipart.multipart import (  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+                    parse_options_header,
+                )
+
+                assert parse_options_header
+            except ImportError:
+                logger.error(multipart_incorrect_install_error)
+                raise RuntimeError(multipart_incorrect_install_error) from None
+        except ImportError:
+            logger.error(multipart_not_installed_error)
+            raise RuntimeError(multipart_not_installed_error) from None
+
+
+def get_parameterless_sub_dependant(*, depends: params.Depends, path: str) -> Dependant:
+    assert callable(depends.dependency), (
+        "A parameter-less dependency must have a callable dependency"
+    )
+    own_oauth_scopes: list[str] = []
+    if isinstance(depends, params.Security) and depends.scopes:
+        own_oauth_scopes.extend(depends.scopes)
+    return get_dependant(
+        path=path,
+        call=depends.dependency,
+        scope=depends.scope,
+        own_oauth_scopes=own_oauth_scopes,
+    )
+
+
+def get_flat_dependant(
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    *,
+    skip_repeats: bool = False,
+    visited: list[DependencyCacheKey] | None = None,
+    parent_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> Dependant:
+    if visited is None:
+        visited = []
+    visited.append(dependant.cache_key)
+    use_parent_oauth_scopes = (parent_oauth_scopes or []) + (
+        dependant.oauth_scopes or []
+    )
+
+    flat_dependant = Dependant(
+        path_params=dependant.path_params.copy(),
+        query_params=dependant.query_params.copy(),
+        header_params=dependant.header_params.copy(),
+        cookie_params=dependant.cookie_params.copy(),
+        body_params=dependant.body_params.copy(),
+        name=dependant.name,
+        call=dependant.call,
+        request_param_name=dependant.request_param_name,
+        websocket_param_name=dependant.websocket_param_name,
+        http_connection_param_name=dependant.http_connection_param_name,
+        response_param_name=dependant.response_param_name,
+        background_tasks_param_name=dependant.background_tasks_param_name,
+        security_scopes_param_name=dependant.security_scopes_param_name,
+        own_oauth_scopes=dependant.own_oauth_scopes,
+        parent_oauth_scopes=use_parent_oauth_scopes,
+        use_cache=dependant.use_cache,
+        path=dependant.path,
+        scope=dependant.scope,
+    )
+    for sub_dependant in dependant.dependencies:
+        if skip_repeats and sub_dependant.cache_key in visited:
+            continue
+        flat_sub = get_flat_dependant(
+            sub_dependant,
+            skip_repeats=skip_repeats,
+            visited=visited,
+            parent_oauth_scopes=flat_dependant.oauth_scopes,
+        )
+        flat_dependant.dependencies.append(flat_sub)
+        flat_dependant.path_params.extend(flat_sub.path_params)
+        flat_dependant.query_params.extend(flat_sub.query_params)
+        flat_dependant.header_params.extend(flat_sub.header_params)
+        flat_dependant.cookie_params.extend(flat_sub.cookie_params)
+        flat_dependant.body_params.extend(flat_sub.body_params)
+        flat_dependant.dependencies.extend(flat_sub.dependencies)
+
+    return flat_dependant
+
+
+def _get_flat_fields_from_params(fields: list[ModelField]) -> list[ModelField]:
+    if not fields:
+        return fields
+    first_field = fields[0]
+    if len(fields) == 1 and lenient_issubclass(
+        first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel
+    ):
+        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+        return fields_to_extract
+    return fields
+
+
+def get_flat_params(dependant: Dependant) -> list[ModelField]:
+    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant, skip_repeats=True)
+    path_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.path_params)
+    query_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.query_params)
+    header_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.header_params)
+    cookie_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.cookie_params)
+    return path_params + query_params + header_params + cookie_params
+
+
+def _get_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
+    try:
+        signature = inspect.signature(call, eval_str=True)
+    except NameError:
+        # Handle type annotations with if TYPE_CHECKING, not used by FastAPI
+        # e.g. dependency return types
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+            from annotationlib import Format
+
+            signature = inspect.signature(call, annotation_format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+        else:
+            signature = inspect.signature(call)
+    return signature
+
+
+def get_typed_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
+    signature = _get_signature(call)
+    unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(call)
+    globalns = getattr(unwrapped, "__globals__", {})
+    typed_params = [
+        inspect.Parameter(
+            name=param.name,
+            kind=param.kind,
+            default=param.default,
+            annotation=get_typed_annotation(param.annotation, globalns),
+        )
+        for param in signature.parameters.values()
+    ]
+    typed_signature = inspect.Signature(typed_params)
+    return typed_signature
+
+
+def get_typed_annotation(annotation: Any, globalns: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(annotation, str):
+        annotation = ForwardRef(annotation)
+        annotation = evaluate_forwardref(annotation, globalns, globalns)
+        if annotation is type(None):
+            return None
+    return annotation
+
+
+def get_typed_return_annotation(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> Any:
+    signature = _get_signature(call)
+    unwrapped = inspect.unwrap(call)
+    annotation = signature.return_annotation
+
+    if annotation is inspect.Signature.empty:
+        return None
+
+    globalns = getattr(unwrapped, "__globals__", {})
+    return get_typed_annotation(annotation, globalns)
+
+
+_STREAM_ORIGINS = {
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Generator,
+}
+
+
+def get_stream_item_type(annotation: Any) -> Any | None:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin is not None and origin in _STREAM_ORIGINS:
+        type_args = get_args(annotation)
+        if type_args:
+            return type_args[0]
+        return Any
+    return None
+
+
+def get_dependant(
+    *,
+    path: str,
+    call: Callable[..., Any],
+    name: str | None = None,
+    own_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None,
+    parent_oauth_scopes: list[str] | None = None,
+    use_cache: bool = True,
+    scope: Literal["function", "request"] | None = None,
+) -> Dependant:
+    dependant = Dependant(
+        call=call,
+        name=name,
+        path=path,
+        use_cache=use_cache,
+        scope=scope,
+        own_oauth_scopes=own_oauth_scopes,
+        parent_oauth_scopes=parent_oauth_scopes,
+    )
+    current_scopes = (parent_oauth_scopes or []) + (own_oauth_scopes or [])
+    path_param_names = get_path_param_names(path)
+    endpoint_signature = get_typed_signature(call)
+    signature_params = endpoint_signature.parameters
+    for param_name, param in signature_params.items():
+        is_path_param = param_name in path_param_names
+        param_details = analyze_param(
+            param_name=param_name,
+            annotation=param.annotation,
+            value=param.default,
+            is_path_param=is_path_param,
+        )
+        if param_details.depends is not None:
+            assert param_details.depends.dependency
+            if (
+                (dependant.is_gen_callable or dependant.is_async_gen_callable)
+                and dependant.computed_scope == "request"
+                and param_details.depends.scope == "function"
+            ):
+                assert dependant.call
+                call_name = getattr(dependant.call, "__name__", "<unnamed_callable>")
+                raise DependencyScopeError(
+                    f'The dependency "{call_name}" has a scope of '
+                    '"request", it cannot depend on dependencies with scope "function".'
+                )
+            sub_own_oauth_scopes: list[str] = []
+            if isinstance(param_details.depends, params.Security):
+                if param_details.depends.scopes:
+                    sub_own_oauth_scopes = list(param_details.depends.scopes)
+            sub_dependant = get_dependant(
+                path=path,
+                call=param_details.depends.dependency,
+                name=param_name,
+                own_oauth_scopes=sub_own_oauth_scopes,
+                parent_oauth_scopes=current_scopes,
+                use_cache=param_details.depends.use_cache,
+                scope=param_details.depends.scope,
+            )
+            dependant.dependencies.append(sub_dependant)
+            continue
+        if add_non_field_param_to_dependency(
+            param_name=param_name,
+            type_annotation=param_details.type_annotation,
+            dependant=dependant,
+        ):
+            assert param_details.field is None, (
+                f"Cannot specify multiple FastAPI annotations for {param_name!r}"
+            )
+            continue
+        assert param_details.field is not None
+        if isinstance(param_details.field.field_info, params.Body):
+            dependant.body_params.append(param_details.field)
+        else:
+            add_param_to_fields(field=param_details.field, dependant=dependant)
+    return dependant
+
+
+def add_non_field_param_to_dependency(
+    *, param_name: str, type_annotation: Any, dependant: Dependant
+) -> bool | None:
+    if lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Request):
+        dependant.request_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, WebSocket):
+        dependant.websocket_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, HTTPConnection):
+        dependant.http_connection_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Response):
+        dependant.response_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, StarletteBackgroundTasks):
+        dependant.background_tasks_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, SecurityScopes):
+        dependant.security_scopes_param_name = param_name
+        return True
+    return None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ParamDetails:
+    type_annotation: Any
+    depends: params.Depends | None
+    field: ModelField | None
+
+
+def analyze_param(
+    *,
+    param_name: str,
+    annotation: Any,
+    value: Any,
+    is_path_param: bool,
+) -> ParamDetails:
+    field_info = None
+    depends = None
+    type_annotation: Any = Any
+    use_annotation: Any = Any
+    if is_typealiastype(annotation):
+        # unpack in case PEP 695 type syntax is used
+        annotation = annotation.__value__
+    if annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty:
+        use_annotation = annotation
+        type_annotation = annotation
+    # Extract Annotated info
+    if get_origin(use_annotation) is Annotated:
+        annotated_args = get_args(annotation)
+        type_annotation = annotated_args[0]
+        fastapi_annotations = [
+            arg
+            for arg in annotated_args[1:]
+            if isinstance(arg, (FieldInfo, params.Depends))
+        ]
+        fastapi_specific_annotations = [
+            arg
+            for arg in fastapi_annotations
+            if isinstance(
+                arg,
+                (
+                    params.Param,
+                    params.Body,
+                    params.Depends,
+                ),
+            )
+        ]
+        if fastapi_specific_annotations:
+            fastapi_annotation: FieldInfo | params.Depends | None = (
+                fastapi_specific_annotations[-1]
+            )
+        else:
+            fastapi_annotation = None
+        # Set default for Annotated FieldInfo
+        if isinstance(fastapi_annotation, FieldInfo):
+            # Copy `field_info` because we mutate `field_info.default` below.
+            field_info = copy_field_info(
+                field_info=fastapi_annotation,
+                annotation=use_annotation,
+            )
+            assert (
+                field_info.default == Undefined or field_info.default == RequiredParam
+            ), (
+                f"`{field_info.__class__.__name__}` default value cannot be set in"
+                f" `Annotated` for {param_name!r}. Set the default value with `=` instead."
+            )
+            if value is not inspect.Signature.empty:
+                assert not is_path_param, "Path parameters cannot have default values"
+                field_info.default = value
+            else:
+                field_info.default = RequiredParam
+        # Get Annotated Depends
+        elif isinstance(fastapi_annotation, params.Depends):
+            depends = fastapi_annotation
+    # Get Depends from default value
+    if isinstance(value, params.Depends):
+        assert depends is None, (
+            "Cannot specify `Depends` in `Annotated` and default value"
+            f" together for {param_name!r}"
+        )
+        assert field_info is None, (
+            "Cannot specify a FastAPI annotation in `Annotated` and `Depends` as a"
+            f" default value together for {param_name!r}"
+        )
+        depends = value
+    # Get FieldInfo from default value
+    elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo):
+        assert field_info is None, (
+            "Cannot specify FastAPI annotations in `Annotated` and default value"
+            f" together for {param_name!r}"
+        )
+        field_info = value
+        if isinstance(field_info, FieldInfo):
+            field_info.annotation = type_annotation
+
+    # Get Depends from type annotation
+    if depends is not None and depends.dependency is None:
+        # Copy `depends` before mutating it
+        depends = copy(depends)
+        depends = dataclasses.replace(depends, dependency=type_annotation)
+
+    # Handle non-param type annotations like Request
+    # Only apply special handling when there's no explicit Depends - if there's a Depends,
+    # the dependency will be called and its return value used instead of the special injection
+    if depends is None and lenient_issubclass(
+        type_annotation,
+        (
+            Request,
+            WebSocket,
+            HTTPConnection,
+            Response,
+            StarletteBackgroundTasks,
+            SecurityScopes,
+        ),
+    ):
+        assert field_info is None, (
+            f"Cannot specify FastAPI annotation for type {type_annotation!r}"
+        )
+    # Handle default assignations, neither field_info nor depends was not found in Annotated nor default value
+    elif field_info is None and depends is None:
+        default_value = value if value is not inspect.Signature.empty else RequiredParam
+        if is_path_param:
+            # We might check here that `default_value is RequiredParam`, but the fact is that the same
+            # parameter might sometimes be a path parameter and sometimes not. See
+            # `tests/test_infer_param_optionality.py` for an example.
+            field_info = params.Path(annotation=use_annotation)
+        elif is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(
+            type_annotation
+        ) or is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(type_annotation):
+            field_info = params.File(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
+        elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation=type_annotation):
+            field_info = params.Body(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
+        else:
+            field_info = params.Query(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
+
+    field = None
+    # It's a field_info, not a dependency
+    if field_info is not None:
+        # Handle field_info.in_
+        if is_path_param:
+            assert isinstance(field_info, params.Path), (
+                f"Cannot use `{field_info.__class__.__name__}` for path param"
+                f" {param_name!r}"
+            )
+        elif (
+            isinstance(field_info, params.Param)
+            and getattr(field_info, "in_", None) is None
+        ):
+            field_info.in_ = params.ParamTypes.query
+        use_annotation_from_field_info = use_annotation
+        if isinstance(field_info, params.Form):
+            ensure_multipart_is_installed()
+        if not field_info.alias and getattr(field_info, "convert_underscores", None):
+            alias = param_name.replace("_", "-")
+        else:
+            alias = field_info.alias or param_name
+        field_info.alias = alias
+        field = create_model_field(
+            name=param_name,
+            type_=use_annotation_from_field_info,
+            default=field_info.default,
+            alias=alias,
+            field_info=field_info,
+        )
+        if is_path_param:
+            assert is_scalar_field(field=field), (
+                "Path params must be of one of the supported types"
+            )
+        elif isinstance(field_info, params.Query):
+            assert (
+                is_scalar_field(field)
+                or field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(field.field_info.annotation)
+                or lenient_issubclass(field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel)
+            ), f"Query parameter {param_name!r} must be one of the supported types"
+
+    return ParamDetails(type_annotation=type_annotation, depends=depends, field=field)
+
+
+def add_param_to_fields(*, field: ModelField, dependant: Dependant) -> None:
+    field_info = field.field_info
+    field_info_in = getattr(field_info, "in_", None)
+    if field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.path:
+        dependant.path_params.append(field)
+    elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.query:
+        dependant.query_params.append(field)
+    elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.header:
+        dependant.header_params.append(field)
+    else:
+        assert field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.cookie, (
+            f"non-body parameters must be in path, query, header or cookie: {field.name}"
+        )
+        dependant.cookie_params.append(field)
+
+
+async def _solve_generator(
+    *, dependant: Dependant, stack: AsyncExitStack, sub_values: dict[str, Any]
+) -> Any:
+    assert dependant.call
+    if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+        cm = asynccontextmanager(dependant.call)(**sub_values)
+    elif dependant.is_gen_callable:
+        cm = contextmanager_in_threadpool(contextmanager(dependant.call)(**sub_values))
+    return await stack.enter_async_context(cm)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SolvedDependency:
+    values: dict[str, Any]
+    errors: list[Any]
+    background_tasks: StarletteBackgroundTasks | None
+    response: Response
+    dependency_cache: dict[DependencyCacheKey, Any]
+
+
+async def solve_dependencies(
+    *,
+    request: Request | WebSocket,
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    body: dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None = None,
+    background_tasks: StarletteBackgroundTasks | None = None,
+    response: Response | None = None,
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    dependency_cache: dict[DependencyCacheKey, Any] | None = None,
+    # TODO: remove this parameter later, no longer used, not removing it yet as some
+    # people might be monkey patching this function (although that's not supported)
+    async_exit_stack: AsyncExitStack,
+    embed_body_fields: bool,
+) -> SolvedDependency:
+    request_astack = request.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
+    assert isinstance(request_astack, AsyncExitStack), (
+        "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
+    )
+    function_astack = request.scope.get("fastapi_function_astack")
+    assert isinstance(function_astack, AsyncExitStack), (
+        "fastapi_function_astack not found in request scope"
+    )
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    errors: list[Any] = []
+    if response is None:
+        response = Response()
+        del response.headers["content-length"]
+        response.status_code = None  # type: ignore
+    if dependency_cache is None:
+        dependency_cache = {}
+    for sub_dependant in dependant.dependencies:
+        sub_dependant.call = cast(Callable[..., Any], sub_dependant.call)
+        call = sub_dependant.call
+        use_sub_dependant = sub_dependant
+        if (
+            dependency_overrides_provider
+            and dependency_overrides_provider.dependency_overrides
+        ):
+            original_call = sub_dependant.call
+            call = getattr(
+                dependency_overrides_provider, "dependency_overrides", {}
+            ).get(original_call, original_call)
+            use_path: str = sub_dependant.path  # type: ignore
+            use_sub_dependant = get_dependant(
+                path=use_path,
+                call=call,
+                name=sub_dependant.name,
+                parent_oauth_scopes=sub_dependant.oauth_scopes,
+                scope=sub_dependant.scope,
+            )
+
+        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=request,
+            dependant=use_sub_dependant,
+            body=body,
+            background_tasks=background_tasks,
+            response=response,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            dependency_cache=dependency_cache,
+            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        background_tasks = solved_result.background_tasks
+        if solved_result.errors:
+            errors.extend(solved_result.errors)
+            continue
+        if sub_dependant.use_cache and sub_dependant.cache_key in dependency_cache:
+            solved = dependency_cache[sub_dependant.cache_key]
+        elif (
+            use_sub_dependant.is_gen_callable or use_sub_dependant.is_async_gen_callable
+        ):
+            use_astack = request_astack
+            if sub_dependant.scope == "function":
+                use_astack = function_astack
+            solved = await _solve_generator(
+                dependant=use_sub_dependant,
+                stack=use_astack,
+                sub_values=solved_result.values,
+            )
+        elif use_sub_dependant.is_coroutine_callable:
+            solved = await call(**solved_result.values)
+        else:
+            solved = await run_in_threadpool(call, **solved_result.values)
+        if sub_dependant.name is not None:
+            values[sub_dependant.name] = solved
+        if sub_dependant.cache_key not in dependency_cache:
+            dependency_cache[sub_dependant.cache_key] = solved
+    path_values, path_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.path_params, request.path_params
+    )
+    query_values, query_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.query_params, request.query_params
+    )
+    header_values, header_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.header_params, request.headers
+    )
+    cookie_values, cookie_errors = request_params_to_args(
+        dependant.cookie_params, request.cookies
+    )
+    values.update(path_values)
+    values.update(query_values)
+    values.update(header_values)
+    values.update(cookie_values)
+    errors += path_errors + query_errors + header_errors + cookie_errors
+    if dependant.body_params:
+        (
+            body_values,
+            body_errors,
+        ) = await request_body_to_args(  # body_params checked above
+            body_fields=dependant.body_params,
+            received_body=body,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        values.update(body_values)
+        errors.extend(body_errors)
+    if dependant.http_connection_param_name:
+        values[dependant.http_connection_param_name] = request
+    if dependant.request_param_name and isinstance(request, Request):
+        values[dependant.request_param_name] = request
+    elif dependant.websocket_param_name and isinstance(request, WebSocket):
+        values[dependant.websocket_param_name] = request
+    if dependant.background_tasks_param_name:
+        if background_tasks is None:
+            background_tasks = BackgroundTasks()
+        values[dependant.background_tasks_param_name] = background_tasks
+    if dependant.response_param_name:
+        values[dependant.response_param_name] = response
+    if dependant.security_scopes_param_name:
+        values[dependant.security_scopes_param_name] = SecurityScopes(
+            scopes=dependant.oauth_scopes
+        )
+    return SolvedDependency(
+        values=values,
+        errors=errors,
+        background_tasks=background_tasks,
+        response=response,
+        dependency_cache=dependency_cache,
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_value_with_model_field(
+    *, field: ModelField, value: Any, values: dict[str, Any], loc: tuple[str, ...]
+) -> tuple[Any, list[Any]]:
+    if value is None:
+        if field.field_info.is_required():
+            return None, [get_missing_field_error(loc=loc)]
+        else:
+            return deepcopy(field.default), []
+    return field.validate(value, values, loc=loc)
+
+
+def _is_json_field(field: ModelField) -> bool:
+    return any(type(item) is Json for item in field.field_info.metadata)
+
+
+def _get_multidict_value(
+    field: ModelField, values: Mapping[str, Any], alias: str | None = None
+) -> Any:
+    alias = alias or get_validation_alias(field)
+    if (
+        (not _is_json_field(field))
+        and field_annotation_is_sequence(field.field_info.annotation)
+        and isinstance(values, (ImmutableMultiDict, Headers))
+    ):
+        value = values.getlist(alias)
+    else:
+        value = values.get(alias, None)
+    if (
+        value is None
+        or (
+            isinstance(field.field_info, params.Form)
+            and isinstance(value, str)  # For type checks
+            and value == ""
+        )
+        or (
+            field_annotation_is_sequence(field.field_info.annotation)
+            and len(value) == 0
+        )
+    ):
+        if field.field_info.is_required():
+            return
+        else:
+            return deepcopy(field.default)
+    return value
+
+
+def request_params_to_args(
+    fields: Sequence[ModelField],
+    received_params: Mapping[str, Any] | QueryParams | Headers,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[Any]]:
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+
+    if not fields:
+        return values, errors
+
+    first_field = fields[0]
+    fields_to_extract = fields
+    single_not_embedded_field = False
+    default_convert_underscores = True
+    if len(fields) == 1 and lenient_issubclass(
+        first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel
+    ):
+        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+        single_not_embedded_field = True
+        # If headers are in a Pydantic model, the way to disable convert_underscores
+        # would be with Header(convert_underscores=False) at the Pydantic model level
+        default_convert_underscores = getattr(
+            first_field.field_info, "convert_underscores", True
+        )
+
+    params_to_process: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    processed_keys = set()
+
+    for field in fields_to_extract:
+        alias = None
+        if isinstance(received_params, Headers):
+            # Handle fields extracted from a Pydantic Model for a header, each field
+            # doesn't have a FieldInfo of type Header with the default convert_underscores=True
+            convert_underscores = getattr(
+                field.field_info, "convert_underscores", default_convert_underscores
+            )
+            if convert_underscores:
+                alias = get_validation_alias(field)
+                if alias == field.name:
+                    alias = alias.replace("_", "-")
+        value = _get_multidict_value(field, received_params, alias=alias)
+        if value is not None:
+            params_to_process[get_validation_alias(field)] = value
+        processed_keys.add(alias or get_validation_alias(field))
+        # For headers with convert_underscores=True, mark both the converted
+        # header name and the original field alias as processed to avoid
+        # accepting the original alias as an extra header.
+        processed_keys.add(get_validation_alias(field))
+
+    for key in received_params.keys():
+        if key not in processed_keys:
+            if isinstance(received_params, (ImmutableMultiDict, Headers)):
+                value = received_params.getlist(key)
+                if isinstance(value, list) and (len(value) == 1):
+                    params_to_process[key] = value[0]
+                else:
+                    params_to_process[key] = value
+            else:
+                params_to_process[key] = received_params.get(key)
+
+    if single_not_embedded_field:
+        field_info = first_field.field_info
+        assert isinstance(field_info, params.Param), (
+            "Params must be subclasses of Param"
+        )
+        loc: tuple[str, ...] = (field_info.in_.value,)
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=first_field, value=params_to_process, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        return {first_field.name: v_}, errors_
+
+    for field in fields:
+        value = _get_multidict_value(field, received_params)
+        field_info = field.field_info
+        assert isinstance(field_info, params.Param), (
+            "Params must be subclasses of Param"
+        )
+        loc = (field_info.in_.value, get_validation_alias(field))
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=field, value=value, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        if errors_:
+            errors.extend(errors_)
+        else:
+            values[field.name] = v_
+    return values, errors
+
+
+def is_union_of_base_models(field_type: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if field type is a Union where all members are BaseModel subclasses."""
+    from fastapi.types import UnionType
+
+    origin = get_origin(field_type)
+
+    # Check if it's a Union type (covers both typing.Union and types.UnionType in Python 3.10+)
+    if origin is not Union and origin is not UnionType:
+        return False
+
+    union_args = get_args(field_type)
+
+    for arg in union_args:
+        if not lenient_issubclass(arg, BaseModel):
+            return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _should_embed_body_fields(fields: list[ModelField]) -> bool:
+    if not fields:
+        return False
+    # More than one dependency could have the same field, it would show up as multiple
+    # fields but it's the same one, so count them by name
+    body_param_names_set = {field.name for field in fields}
+    # A top level field has to be a single field, not multiple
+    if len(body_param_names_set) > 1:
+        return True
+    first_field = fields[0]
+    # If it explicitly specifies it is embedded, it has to be embedded
+    if getattr(first_field.field_info, "embed", None):
+        return True
+    # If it's a Form (or File) field, it has to be a BaseModel (or a union of BaseModels) to be top level
+    # otherwise it has to be embedded, so that the key value pair can be extracted
+    if (
+        isinstance(first_field.field_info, params.Form)
+        and not lenient_issubclass(first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel)
+        and not is_union_of_base_models(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+    ):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+async def _extract_form_body(
+    body_fields: list[ModelField],
+    received_body: FormData,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    values = {}
+
+    for field in body_fields:
+        value = _get_multidict_value(field, received_body)
+        field_info = field.field_info
+        if (
+            isinstance(field_info, params.File)
+            and is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(field.field_info.annotation)
+            and isinstance(value, UploadFile)
+        ):
+            value = await value.read()
+        elif (
+            is_bytes_sequence_annotation(field.field_info.annotation)
+            and isinstance(field_info, params.File)
+            and value_is_sequence(value)
+        ):
+            # For types
+            assert isinstance(value, sequence_types)
+            results: list[bytes | str] = []
+            for sub_value in value:
+                results.append(await sub_value.read())
+            value = serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=results)
+        if value is not None:
+            values[get_validation_alias(field)] = value
+    field_aliases = {get_validation_alias(field) for field in body_fields}
+    for key in received_body.keys():
+        if key not in field_aliases:
+            param_values = received_body.getlist(key)
+            if len(param_values) == 1:
+                values[key] = param_values[0]
+            else:
+                values[key] = param_values
+    return values
+
+
+async def request_body_to_args(
+    body_fields: list[ModelField],
+    received_body: dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None,
+    embed_body_fields: bool,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    assert body_fields, "request_body_to_args() should be called with fields"
+    single_not_embedded_field = len(body_fields) == 1 and not embed_body_fields
+    first_field = body_fields[0]
+    body_to_process = received_body
+
+    fields_to_extract: list[ModelField] = body_fields
+
+    if (
+        single_not_embedded_field
+        and lenient_issubclass(first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel)
+        and isinstance(received_body, FormData)
+    ):
+        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.field_info.annotation)
+
+    if isinstance(received_body, FormData):
+        body_to_process = await _extract_form_body(fields_to_extract, received_body)
+
+    if single_not_embedded_field:
+        loc: tuple[str, ...] = ("body",)
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=first_field, value=body_to_process, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        return {first_field.name: v_}, errors_
+    for field in body_fields:
+        loc = ("body", get_validation_alias(field))
+        value: Any | None = None
+        if body_to_process is not None and not isinstance(body_to_process, bytes):
+            try:
+                value = body_to_process.get(get_validation_alias(field))
+            # If the received body is a list, not a dict
+            except AttributeError:
+                errors.append(get_missing_field_error(loc))
+                continue
+        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
+            field=field, value=value, values=values, loc=loc
+        )
+        if errors_:
+            errors.extend(errors_)
+        else:
+            values[field.name] = v_
+    return values, errors
+
+
+def get_body_field(
+    *, flat_dependant: Dependant, name: str, embed_body_fields: bool
+) -> ModelField | None:
+    """
+    Get a ModelField representing the request body for a path operation, combining
+    all body parameters into a single field if necessary.
+
+    Used to check if it's form data (with `isinstance(body_field, params.Form)`)
+    or JSON and to generate the JSON Schema for a request body.
+
+    This is **not** used to validate/parse the request body, that's done with each
+    individual body parameter.
+    """
+    if not flat_dependant.body_params:
+        return None
+    first_param = flat_dependant.body_params[0]
+    if not embed_body_fields:
+        return first_param
+    model_name = "Body_" + name
+    BodyModel = create_body_model(
+        fields=flat_dependant.body_params, model_name=model_name
+    )
+    required = any(
+        True for f in flat_dependant.body_params if f.field_info.is_required()
+    )
+    BodyFieldInfo_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "annotation": BodyModel,
+        "alias": "body",
+    }
+    if not required:
+        BodyFieldInfo_kwargs["default"] = None
+    if any(isinstance(f.field_info, params.File) for f in flat_dependant.body_params):
+        BodyFieldInfo: type[params.Body] = params.File
+    elif any(isinstance(f.field_info, params.Form) for f in flat_dependant.body_params):
+        BodyFieldInfo = params.Form
+    else:
+        BodyFieldInfo = params.Body
+
+        body_param_media_types = [
+            f.field_info.media_type
+            for f in flat_dependant.body_params
+            if isinstance(f.field_info, params.Body)
+        ]
+        if len(set(body_param_media_types)) == 1:
+            BodyFieldInfo_kwargs["media_type"] = body_param_media_types[0]
+    final_field = create_model_field(
+        name="body",
+        type_=BodyModel,
+        alias="body",
+        field_info=BodyFieldInfo(**BodyFieldInfo_kwargs),
+    )
+    return final_field
+
+
+def get_validation_alias(field: ModelField) -> str:
+    va = getattr(field, "validation_alias", None)
+    return va or field.alias
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/encoders.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/encoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f882d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/encoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+from collections import defaultdict, deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import (
+    IPv4Address,
+    IPv4Interface,
+    IPv4Network,
+    IPv6Address,
+    IPv6Interface,
+    IPv6Network,
+)
+from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+from re import Pattern
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.exceptions import PydanticV1NotSupportedError
+from fastapi.types import IncEx
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl, NameEmail
+from pydantic.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefinedType
+
+from ._compat import (
+    Url,
+    is_pydantic_v1_model_instance,
+)
+
+try:
+    # pydantic.color.Color is deprecated since v2.0b3, but supporting for bwd-compat
+    from pydantic.color import Color  # ty: ignore[deprecated]
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class Color:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    # Supporting the new Color format for newer versions of Pydantic
+    from pydantic_extra_types.color import Color as PyExtraColor
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class PyExtraColor:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        pass
+
+
+# Taken from Pydantic v1 as is
+def isoformat(o: datetime.date | datetime.time) -> str:
+    return o.isoformat()
+
+
+# Adapted from Pydantic v1
+# TODO: pv2 should this return strings instead?
+def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> int | float:
+    """
+    Encodes a Decimal as int if there's no exponent, otherwise float
+
+    This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0)
+    where an integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float
+    results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse.
+    Our Id type is a prime example of this.
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0"))
+    1.0
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1"))
+    1
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("NaN"))
+    nan
+    """
+    exponent = dec_value.as_tuple().exponent
+    if isinstance(exponent, int) and exponent >= 0:
+        return int(dec_value)
+    else:
+        return float(dec_value)
+
+
+ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: dict[type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = {
+    bytes: lambda o: o.decode(),
+    Color: str,
+    PyExtraColor: str,
+    datetime.date: isoformat,
+    datetime.datetime: isoformat,
+    datetime.time: isoformat,
+    datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(),
+    Decimal: decimal_encoder,
+    Enum: lambda o: o.value,
+    frozenset: list,
+    deque: list,
+    GeneratorType: list,
+    IPv4Address: str,
+    IPv4Interface: str,
+    IPv4Network: str,
+    IPv6Address: str,
+    IPv6Interface: str,
+    IPv6Network: str,
+    NameEmail: str,
+    Path: str,
+    Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern,
+    SecretBytes: str,
+    SecretStr: str,
+    set: list,
+    UUID: str,
+    Url: str,
+    AnyUrl: str,
+}
+
+
+def generate_encoders_by_class_tuples(
+    type_encoder_map: dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]],
+) -> dict[Callable[[Any], Any], tuple[Any, ...]]:
+    encoders_by_class_tuples: dict[Callable[[Any], Any], tuple[Any, ...]] = defaultdict(
+        tuple
+    )
+    for type_, encoder in type_encoder_map.items():
+        encoders_by_class_tuples[encoder] += (type_,)
+    return encoders_by_class_tuples
+
+
+encoders_by_class_tuples = generate_encoders_by_class_tuples(ENCODERS_BY_TYPE)
+
+
+def jsonable_encoder(
+    obj: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The input object to convert to JSON.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    include: Annotated[
+        IncEx | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `include` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the
+            fields to include.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exclude: Annotated[
+        IncEx | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the
+            fields to exclude.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    by_alias: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `by_alias` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define if
+            the output should use the alias names (when provided) or the Python
+            attribute names. In an API, if you set an alias, it's probably because you
+            want to use it in the result, so you probably want to leave this set to
+            `True`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    exclude_unset: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output the fields that were not explicitly
+            set (and that only had their default values).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_defaults` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output the fields that had the same default
+            value, even when they were explicitly set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    exclude_none: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_none` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output any fields that have a `None` value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    custom_encoder: Annotated[
+        dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `custom_encoder` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            a custom encoder.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    sqlalchemy_safe: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Exclude from the output any fields that start with the name `_sa`.
+
+            This is mainly a hack for compatibility with SQLAlchemy objects, they
+            store internal SQLAlchemy-specific state in attributes named with `_sa`,
+            and those objects can't (and shouldn't be) serialized to JSON.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Convert any object to something that can be encoded in JSON.
+
+    This is used internally by FastAPI to make sure anything you return can be
+    encoded as JSON before it is sent to the client.
+
+    You can also use it yourself, for example to convert objects before saving them
+    in a database that supports only JSON.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for JSON Compatible Encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/).
+    """
+    custom_encoder = custom_encoder or {}
+    if custom_encoder:
+        if type(obj) in custom_encoder:
+            return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj)
+        else:
+            for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items():
+                if isinstance(obj, encoder_type):
+                    return encoder_instance(obj)
+    if include is not None and not isinstance(include, (set, dict)):
+        include = set(include)  # type: ignore[assignment]  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+    if exclude is not None and not isinstance(exclude, (set, dict)):
+        exclude = set(exclude)  # type: ignore[assignment]  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+    if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
+        obj_dict = obj.model_dump(
+            mode="json",
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+        )
+        return jsonable_encoder(
+            obj_dict,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+        )
+    if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj):
+        assert not isinstance(obj, type)
+        obj_dict = dataclasses.asdict(obj)
+        return jsonable_encoder(
+            obj_dict,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+            sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+        )
+    if isinstance(obj, Enum):
+        return obj.value
+    if isinstance(obj, PurePath):
+        return str(obj)
+    if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, type(None))):
+        return obj
+    if isinstance(obj, PydanticUndefinedType):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        encoded_dict = {}
+        allowed_keys = set(obj.keys())
+        if include is not None:
+            allowed_keys &= set(include)
+        if exclude is not None:
+            allowed_keys -= set(exclude)
+        for key, value in obj.items():
+            if (
+                (
+                    not sqlalchemy_safe
+                    or (not isinstance(key, str))
+                    or (not key.startswith("_sa"))
+                )
+                and (value is not None or not exclude_none)
+                and key in allowed_keys
+            ):
+                encoded_key = jsonable_encoder(
+                    key,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                    custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                    sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                )
+                encoded_value = jsonable_encoder(
+                    value,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                    custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                    sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                )
+                encoded_dict[encoded_key] = encoded_value
+        return encoded_dict
+    if isinstance(obj, (list, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, tuple, deque)):
+        encoded_list = []
+        for item in obj:
+            encoded_list.append(
+                jsonable_encoder(
+                    item,
+                    include=include,
+                    exclude=exclude,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                    custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+                    sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+                )
+            )
+        return encoded_list
+
+    if type(obj) in ENCODERS_BY_TYPE:
+        return ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[type(obj)](obj)
+    for encoder, classes_tuple in encoders_by_class_tuples.items():
+        if isinstance(obj, classes_tuple):
+            return encoder(obj)
+    if is_pydantic_v1_model_instance(obj):
+        raise PydanticV1NotSupportedError(
+            "pydantic.v1 models are no longer supported by FastAPI."
+            f" Please update the model {obj!r}."
+        )
+    try:
+        data = dict(obj)
+    except Exception as e:
+        errors: list[Exception] = []
+        errors.append(e)
+        try:
+            data = vars(obj)
+        except Exception as e:
+            errors.append(e)
+            raise ValueError(errors) from e
+    return jsonable_encoder(
+        data,
+        include=include,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+        exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+        exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        custom_encoder=custom_encoder,
+        sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exception_handlers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exception_handlers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..475dd7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exception_handlers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError
+from fastapi.utils import is_body_allowed_for_status_code
+from fastapi.websockets import WebSocket
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response
+from starlette.status import WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION
+
+
+async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response:
+    headers = getattr(exc, "headers", None)
+    if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(exc.status_code):
+        return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers)
+    return JSONResponse(
+        {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers
+    )
+
+
+async def request_validation_exception_handler(
+    request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError
+) -> JSONResponse:
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=422,
+        content={"detail": jsonable_encoder(exc.errors())},
+    )
+
+
+async def websocket_request_validation_exception_handler(
+    websocket: WebSocket, exc: WebSocketRequestValidationError
+) -> None:
+    await websocket.close(
+        code=WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION, reason=jsonable_encoder(exc.errors())
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7065c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Annotated, Any, TypedDict
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
+from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as StarletteWebSocketException
+
+
+class EndpointContext(TypedDict, total=False):
+    function: str
+    path: str
+    file: str
+    line: int
+
+
+class HTTPException(StarletteHTTPException):
+    """
+    An HTTP exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.
+
+    This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
+    errors in your code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+    async def read_item(item_id: str):
+        if item_id not in items:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+        return {"item": items[item_id]}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                HTTP status code to send to the client.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#use-httpexception)
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        detail: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Any data to be sent to the client in the `detail` key of the JSON
+                response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#use-httpexception)
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        headers: Annotated[
+            Mapping[str, str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Any headers to send to the client in the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#add-custom-headers)
+
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail, headers=headers)
+
+
+class WebSocketException(StarletteWebSocketException):
+    """
+    A WebSocket exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.
+
+    This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
+    errors in your code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import (
+        Cookie,
+        FastAPI,
+        WebSocket,
+        WebSocketException,
+        status,
+    )
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws")
+    async def websocket_endpoint(
+        *,
+        websocket: WebSocket,
+        session: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None,
+        item_id: str,
+    ):
+        if session is None:
+            raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION)
+        await websocket.accept()
+        while True:
+            data = await websocket.receive_text()
+            await websocket.send_text(f"Session cookie is: {session}")
+            await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A closing code from the
+                [valid codes defined in the specification](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        reason: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The reason to close the WebSocket connection.
+
+                It is UTF-8-encoded data. The interpretation of the reason is up to the
+                application, it is not specified by the WebSocket specification.
+
+                It could contain text that could be human-readable or interpretable
+                by the client code, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(code=code, reason=reason)
+
+
+RequestErrorModel: type[BaseModel] = create_model("Request")
+WebSocketErrorModel: type[BaseModel] = create_model("WebSocket")
+
+
+class FastAPIError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    A generic, FastAPI-specific error.
+    """
+
+
+class DependencyScopeError(FastAPIError):
+    """
+    A dependency declared that it depends on another dependency with an invalid
+    (narrower) scope.
+    """
+
+
+class ValidationException(Exception):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._errors = errors
+        self.endpoint_ctx = endpoint_ctx
+
+        ctx = endpoint_ctx or {}
+        self.endpoint_function = ctx.get("function")
+        self.endpoint_path = ctx.get("path")
+        self.endpoint_file = ctx.get("file")
+        self.endpoint_line = ctx.get("line")
+
+    def errors(self) -> Sequence[Any]:
+        return self._errors
+
+    def _format_endpoint_context(self) -> str:
+        if not (self.endpoint_file and self.endpoint_line and self.endpoint_function):
+            if self.endpoint_path:
+                return f"\n  Endpoint: {self.endpoint_path}"
+            return ""
+
+        context = f'\n  File "{self.endpoint_file}", line {self.endpoint_line}, in {self.endpoint_function}'
+        if self.endpoint_path:
+            context += f"\n    {self.endpoint_path}"
+        return context
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        message = f"{len(self._errors)} validation error{'s' if len(self._errors) != 1 else ''}:\n"
+        for err in self._errors:
+            message += f"  {err}\n"
+        message += self._format_endpoint_context()
+        return message.rstrip()
+
+
+class RequestValidationError(ValidationException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        body: Any = None,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
+        self.body = body
+
+
+class WebSocketRequestValidationError(ValidationException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
+
+
+class ResponseValidationError(ValidationException):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        errors: Sequence[Any],
+        *,
+        body: Any = None,
+        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
+        self.body = body
+
+
+class PydanticV1NotSupportedError(FastAPIError):
+    """
+    A pydantic.v1 model is used, which is no longer supported.
+    """
+
+
+class FastAPIDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
+    """
+    A custom deprecation warning as DeprecationWarning is ignored
+    Ref: https://sethmlarson.dev/deprecations-via-warnings-dont-work-for-python-libraries
+    """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/logger.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/logger.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b2c4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/logger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fastapi")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..620296d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware as Middleware
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce3f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/asyncexitstack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
+
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+# Used mainly to close files after the request is done, dependencies are closed
+# in their own AsyncExitStack
+class AsyncExitStackMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self, app: ASGIApp, context_name: str = "fastapi_middleware_astack"
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.context_name = context_name
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
+            scope[self.context_name] = stack
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/cors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/cors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dfaad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/cors.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware as CORSMiddleware  # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/gzip.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/gzip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbeb2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/gzip.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware as GZipMiddleware  # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/httpsredirect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/httpsredirect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7a3d8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/httpsredirect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.middleware.httpsredirect import (  # noqa
+    HTTPSRedirectMiddleware as HTTPSRedirectMiddleware,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/trustedhost.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/trustedhost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08d7e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/trustedhost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.middleware.trustedhost import (  # noqa
+    TrustedHostMiddleware as TrustedHostMiddleware,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/wsgi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69e4dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/middleware/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.middleware.wsgi import (
+    WSGIMiddleware as WSGIMiddleware,
+)  # pragma: no cover # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/constants.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d724ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+METHODS_WITH_BODY = {"GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH"}
+REF_PREFIX = "#/components/schemas/"
+REF_TEMPLATE = "#/components/schemas/{model}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/docs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/docs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d9242f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/docs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+import json
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+
+def _html_safe_json(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Serialize a value to JSON with HTML special characters escaped.
+
+    This prevents injection when the JSON is embedded inside a <script> tag.
+    """
+    return (
+        json.dumps(value)
+        .replace("<", "\\u003c")
+        .replace(">", "\\u003e")
+        .replace("&", "\\u0026")
+    )
+
+
+swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[
+    dict[str, Any],
+    Doc(
+        """
+        Default configurations for Swagger UI.
+
+        You can use it as a template to add any other configurations needed.
+        """
+    ),
+] = {
+    "dom_id": "#swagger-ui",
+    "layout": "BaseLayout",
+    "deepLinking": True,
+    "showExtensions": True,
+    "showCommonExtensions": True,
+}
+
+
+def get_swagger_ui_html(
+    *,
+    openapi_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OpenAPI URL that Swagger UI should load and use.
+
+            This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL
+            `/openapi.json`.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Conditional OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/conditional-openapi/#conditional-openapi-from-settings-and-env-vars)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    swagger_js_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the Swagger UI JavaScript.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
+    swagger_css_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the Swagger UI CSS.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css",
+    swagger_favicon_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
+    oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OAuth2 redirect URL, it is normally automatically handled by FastAPI.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    init_oauth: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A dictionary with Swagger UI OAuth2 initialization configurations.
+
+            Read more about the available configuration options in the
+            [Swagger UI docs](https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/oauth2/).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Configuration parameters for Swagger UI.
+
+            It defaults to [swagger_ui_default_parameters][fastapi.openapi.docs.swagger_ui_default_parameters].
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about how to Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate and return the HTML  that loads Swagger UI for the interactive
+    API docs (normally served at `/docs`).
+
+    You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts,
+    for example the URLs to use to load Swagger UI's JavaScript and CSS.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/)
+    and the [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/).
+    """
+    current_swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_default_parameters.copy()
+    if swagger_ui_parameters:
+        current_swagger_ui_parameters.update(swagger_ui_parameters)
+
+    html = f"""
+    <!DOCTYPE html>
+    <html>
+    <head>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="{swagger_css_url}">
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{swagger_favicon_url}">
+    <title>{title}</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    <div id="swagger-ui">
+    </div>
+    <script src="{swagger_js_url}"></script>
+    <!-- `SwaggerUIBundle` is now available on the page -->
+    <script>
+    const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({{
+        url: '{openapi_url}',
+    """
+
+    for key, value in current_swagger_ui_parameters.items():
+        html += f"{_html_safe_json(key)}: {_html_safe_json(jsonable_encoder(value))},\n"
+
+    if oauth2_redirect_url:
+        html += f"oauth2RedirectUrl: window.location.origin + '{oauth2_redirect_url}',"
+
+    html += """
+    presets: [
+        SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
+        SwaggerUIBundle.SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
+        ],
+    })"""
+
+    if init_oauth:
+        html += f"""
+        ui.initOAuth({_html_safe_json(jsonable_encoder(init_oauth))})
+        """
+
+    html += """
+    </script>
+    </body>
+    </html>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(html)
+
+
+def get_redoc_html(
+    *,
+    openapi_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OpenAPI URL that ReDoc should load and use.
+
+            This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL
+            `/openapi.json`.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Conditional OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/conditional-openapi/#conditional-openapi-from-settings-and-env-vars)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    redoc_js_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the ReDoc JavaScript.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@2/bundles/redoc.standalone.js",
+    redoc_favicon_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
+    with_google_fonts: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Load and use Google Fonts.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+) -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate and return the HTML response that loads ReDoc for the alternative
+    API docs (normally served at `/redoc`).
+
+    You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts,
+    for example the URLs to use to load ReDoc's JavaScript and CSS.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/).
+    """
+    html = f"""
+    <!DOCTYPE html>
+    <html>
+    <head>
+    <title>{title}</title>
+    <!-- needed for adaptive design -->
+    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    """
+    if with_google_fonts:
+        html += """
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:300,400,700|Roboto:300,400,700" rel="stylesheet">
+    """
+    html += f"""
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{redoc_favicon_url}">
+    <!--
+    ReDoc doesn't change outer page styles
+    -->
+    <style>
+      body {{
+        margin: 0;
+        padding: 0;
+      }}
+    </style>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    <noscript>
+        ReDoc requires Javascript to function. Please enable it to browse the documentation.
+    </noscript>
+    <redoc spec-url="{openapi_url}"></redoc>
+    <script src="{redoc_js_url}"> </script>
+    </body>
+    </html>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(html)
+
+
+def get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate the HTML response with the OAuth2 redirection for Swagger UI.
+
+    You normally don't need to use or change this.
+    """
+    # copied from https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/v4.14.0/dist/oauth2-redirect.html
+    html = """
+    <!doctype html>
+    <html lang="en-US">
+    <head>
+        <title>Swagger UI: OAuth2 Redirect</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+    <script>
+        'use strict';
+        function run () {
+            var oauth2 = window.opener.swaggerUIRedirectOauth2;
+            var sentState = oauth2.state;
+            var redirectUrl = oauth2.redirectUrl;
+            var isValid, qp, arr;
+
+            if (/code|token|error/.test(window.location.hash)) {
+                qp = window.location.hash.substring(1).replace('?', '&');
+            } else {
+                qp = location.search.substring(1);
+            }
+
+            arr = qp.split("&");
+            arr.forEach(function (v,i,_arr) { _arr[i] = '"' + v.replace('=', '":"') + '"';});
+            qp = qp ? JSON.parse('{' + arr.join() + '}',
+                    function (key, value) {
+                        return key === "" ? value : decodeURIComponent(value);
+                    }
+            ) : {};
+
+            isValid = qp.state === sentState;
+
+            if ((
+              oauth2.auth.schema.get("flow") === "accessCode" ||
+              oauth2.auth.schema.get("flow") === "authorizationCode" ||
+              oauth2.auth.schema.get("flow") === "authorization_code"
+            ) && !oauth2.auth.code) {
+                if (!isValid) {
+                    oauth2.errCb({
+                        authId: oauth2.auth.name,
+                        source: "auth",
+                        level: "warning",
+                        message: "Authorization may be unsafe, passed state was changed in server. The passed state wasn't returned from auth server."
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if (qp.code) {
+                    delete oauth2.state;
+                    oauth2.auth.code = qp.code;
+                    oauth2.callback({auth: oauth2.auth, redirectUrl: redirectUrl});
+                } else {
+                    let oauthErrorMsg;
+                    if (qp.error) {
+                        oauthErrorMsg = "["+qp.error+"]: " +
+                            (qp.error_description ? qp.error_description+ ". " : "no accessCode received from the server. ") +
+                            (qp.error_uri ? "More info: "+qp.error_uri : "");
+                    }
+
+                    oauth2.errCb({
+                        authId: oauth2.auth.name,
+                        source: "auth",
+                        level: "error",
+                        message: oauthErrorMsg || "[Authorization failed]: no accessCode received from the server."
+                    });
+                }
+            } else {
+                oauth2.callback({auth: oauth2.auth, token: qp, isValid: isValid, redirectUrl: redirectUrl});
+            }
+            window.close();
+        }
+
+        if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {
+            run();
+        } else {
+            document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
+                run();
+            });
+        }
+    </script>
+    </body>
+    </html>
+        """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=html)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca26bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from fastapi._compat import with_info_plain_validator_function
+from fastapi.logger import logger
+from pydantic import (
+    AnyUrl,
+    BaseModel,
+    Field,
+    GetJsonSchemaHandler,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+from typing_extensions import deprecated as typing_deprecated
+
+try:
+    import email_validator
+
+    assert email_validator  # make autoflake ignore the unused import
+    from pydantic import EmailStr
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class EmailStr(str):  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]:
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, v: Any) -> str:
+            logger.warning(
+                "email-validator not installed, email fields will be treated as str.\n"
+                "To install, run: pip install email-validator"
+            )
+            return str(v)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> str:
+            logger.warning(
+                "email-validator not installed, email fields will be treated as str.\n"
+                "To install, run: pip install email-validator"
+            )
+            return str(__input_value)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: Mapping[str, Any], handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return {"type": "string", "format": "email"}
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], Mapping[str, Any]]
+        ) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+            return with_info_plain_validator_function(cls._validate)
+
+
+class BaseModelWithConfig(BaseModel):
+    model_config = {"extra": "allow"}
+
+
+class Contact(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str | None = None
+    url: AnyUrl | None = None
+    email: EmailStr | None = None
+
+
+class License(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str
+    identifier: str | None = None
+    url: AnyUrl | None = None
+
+
+class Info(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    title: str
+    summary: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    termsOfService: str | None = None
+    contact: Contact | None = None
+    license: License | None = None
+    version: str
+
+
+class ServerVariable(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    enum: Annotated[list[str] | None, Field(min_length=1)] = None
+    default: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+class Server(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    url: AnyUrl | str
+    description: str | None = None
+    variables: dict[str, ServerVariable] | None = None
+
+
+class Reference(BaseModel):
+    ref: str = Field(alias="$ref")
+
+
+class Discriminator(BaseModel):
+    propertyName: str
+    mapping: dict[str, str] | None = None
+
+
+class XML(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str | None = None
+    namespace: str | None = None
+    prefix: str | None = None
+    attribute: bool | None = None
+    wrapped: bool | None = None
+
+
+class ExternalDocumentation(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str | None = None
+    url: AnyUrl
+
+
+# Ref JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation#name-type
+SchemaType = Literal[
+    "array", "boolean", "integer", "null", "number", "object", "string"
+]
+
+
+class Schema(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    # Ref: JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-the-json-schema-core-vocabu
+    # Core Vocabulary
+    schema_: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$schema")
+    vocabulary: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$vocabulary")
+    id: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$id")
+    anchor: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$anchor")
+    dynamicAnchor: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$dynamicAnchor")
+    ref: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$ref")
+    dynamicRef: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$dynamicRef")
+    defs: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = Field(default=None, alias="$defs")
+    comment: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$comment")
+    # Ref: JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-applying-s
+    # A Vocabulary for Applying Subschemas
+    allOf: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    anyOf: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    oneOf: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    not_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="not")
+    if_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="if")
+    then: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    else_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="else")
+    dependentSchemas: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    prefixItems: list["SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    items: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    contains: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    properties: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    patternProperties: dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"] | None = None
+    additionalProperties: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    propertyNames: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    unevaluatedItems: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    unevaluatedProperties: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-structural
+    # A Vocabulary for Structural Validation
+    type: SchemaType | list[SchemaType] | None = None
+    enum: list[Any] | None = None
+    const: Any | None = None
+    multipleOf: float | None = Field(default=None, gt=0)
+    maximum: float | None = None
+    exclusiveMaximum: float | None = None
+    minimum: float | None = None
+    exclusiveMinimum: float | None = None
+    maxLength: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minLength: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    pattern: str | None = None
+    maxItems: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minItems: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    uniqueItems: bool | None = None
+    maxContains: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minContains: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    maxProperties: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    minProperties: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0)
+    required: list[str] | None = None
+    dependentRequired: dict[str, set[str]] | None = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-vocabularies-for-semantic-c
+    # Vocabularies for Semantic Content With "format"
+    format: str | None = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-the-conten
+    # A Vocabulary for the Contents of String-Encoded Data
+    contentEncoding: str | None = None
+    contentMediaType: str | None = None
+    contentSchema: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None
+    # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-basic-meta
+    # A Vocabulary for Basic Meta-Data Annotations
+    title: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    default: Any | None = None
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    readOnly: bool | None = None
+    writeOnly: bool | None = None
+    examples: list[Any] | None = None
+    # Ref: OpenAPI 3.1.0: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#schema-object
+    # Schema Object
+    discriminator: Discriminator | None = None
+    xml: XML | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        typing_deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None
+
+
+# Ref: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-json-schema-documents
+# A JSON Schema MUST be an object or a boolean.
+SchemaOrBool = Schema | bool
+
+
+class Example(TypedDict, total=False):
+    summary: str | None
+    description: str | None
+    value: Any | None
+    externalValue: AnyUrl | None
+
+    __pydantic_config__ = {"extra": "allow"}  # type: ignore[misc]  # ty: ignore[invalid-typed-dict-statement]
+
+
+class ParameterInType(Enum):
+    query = "query"
+    header = "header"
+    path = "path"
+    cookie = "cookie"
+
+
+class Encoding(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    contentType: str | None = None
+    headers: dict[str, Union["Header", Reference]] | None = None
+    style: str | None = None
+    explode: bool | None = None
+    allowReserved: bool | None = None
+
+
+class MediaType(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    schema_: Schema | Reference | None = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
+    example: Any | None = None
+    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
+    encoding: dict[str, Encoding] | None = None
+
+
+class ParameterBase(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str | None = None
+    required: bool | None = None
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    # Serialization rules for simple scenarios
+    style: str | None = None
+    explode: bool | None = None
+    allowReserved: bool | None = None
+    schema_: Schema | Reference | None = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
+    example: Any | None = None
+    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
+    # Serialization rules for more complex scenarios
+    content: dict[str, MediaType] | None = None
+
+
+class Parameter(ParameterBase):
+    name: str
+    in_: ParameterInType = Field(alias="in")
+
+
+class Header(ParameterBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class RequestBody(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str | None = None
+    content: dict[str, MediaType]
+    required: bool | None = None
+
+
+class Link(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    operationRef: str | None = None
+    operationId: str | None = None
+    parameters: dict[str, Any | str] | None = None
+    requestBody: Any | str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    server: Server | None = None
+
+
+class Response(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    description: str
+    headers: dict[str, Header | Reference] | None = None
+    content: dict[str, MediaType] | None = None
+    links: dict[str, Link | Reference] | None = None
+
+
+class Operation(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    tags: list[str] | None = None
+    summary: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+    operationId: str | None = None
+    parameters: list[Parameter | Reference] | None = None
+    requestBody: RequestBody | Reference | None = None
+    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
+    responses: dict[str, Response | Any] | None = None
+    callbacks: dict[str, dict[str, "PathItem"] | Reference] | None = None
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    security: list[dict[str, list[str]]] | None = None
+    servers: list[Server] | None = None
+
+
+class PathItem(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    ref: str | None = Field(default=None, alias="$ref")
+    summary: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    get: Operation | None = None
+    put: Operation | None = None
+    post: Operation | None = None
+    delete: Operation | None = None
+    options: Operation | None = None
+    head: Operation | None = None
+    patch: Operation | None = None
+    trace: Operation | None = None
+    servers: list[Server] | None = None
+    parameters: list[Parameter | Reference] | None = None
+
+
+class SecuritySchemeType(Enum):
+    apiKey = "apiKey"
+    http = "http"
+    oauth2 = "oauth2"
+    openIdConnect = "openIdConnect"
+
+
+class SecurityBase(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(alias="type")
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+class APIKeyIn(Enum):
+    query = "query"
+    header = "header"
+    cookie = "cookie"
+
+
+class APIKey(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.apiKey, alias="type")
+    in_: APIKeyIn = Field(alias="in")
+    name: str
+
+
+class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.http, alias="type")
+    scheme: str
+
+
+class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
+    scheme: Literal["bearer"] = "bearer"
+    bearerFormat: str | None = None
+
+
+class OAuthFlow(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    refreshUrl: str | None = None
+    scopes: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+
+class OAuthFlowImplicit(OAuthFlow):
+    authorizationUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlowPassword(OAuthFlow):
+    tokenUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlowClientCredentials(OAuthFlow):
+    tokenUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlowAuthorizationCode(OAuthFlow):
+    authorizationUrl: str
+    tokenUrl: str
+
+
+class OAuthFlows(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    implicit: OAuthFlowImplicit | None = None
+    password: OAuthFlowPassword | None = None
+    clientCredentials: OAuthFlowClientCredentials | None = None
+    authorizationCode: OAuthFlowAuthorizationCode | None = None
+
+
+class OAuth2(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.oauth2, alias="type")
+    flows: OAuthFlows
+
+
+class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase):
+    type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(
+        default=SecuritySchemeType.openIdConnect, alias="type"
+    )
+    openIdConnectUrl: str
+
+
+SecurityScheme = APIKey | HTTPBase | OAuth2 | OpenIdConnect | HTTPBearer
+
+
+class Components(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    schemas: dict[str, Schema | Reference] | None = None
+    responses: dict[str, Response | Reference] | None = None
+    parameters: dict[str, Parameter | Reference] | None = None
+    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
+    requestBodies: dict[str, RequestBody | Reference] | None = None
+    headers: dict[str, Header | Reference] | None = None
+    securitySchemes: dict[str, SecurityScheme | Reference] | None = None
+    links: dict[str, Link | Reference] | None = None
+    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
+    callbacks: dict[str, dict[str, PathItem] | Reference | Any] | None = None
+    pathItems: dict[str, PathItem | Reference] | None = None
+
+
+class Tag(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    name: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+
+
+class OpenAPI(BaseModelWithConfig):
+    openapi: str
+    info: Info
+    jsonSchemaDialect: str | None = None
+    servers: list[Server] | None = None
+    # Using Any for Specification Extensions
+    paths: dict[str, PathItem | Any] | None = None
+    webhooks: dict[str, PathItem | Reference] | None = None
+    components: Components | None = None
+    security: list[dict[str, list[str]]] | None = None
+    tags: list[Tag] | None = None
+    externalDocs: ExternalDocumentation | None = None
+
+
+Schema.model_rebuild()
+Operation.model_rebuild()
+Encoding.model_rebuild()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e0aca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/openapi/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+import copy
+import http.client
+import inspect
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+
+from fastapi import routing
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    get_definitions,
+    get_flat_models_from_fields,
+    get_model_name_map,
+    get_schema_from_model_field,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+)
+from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, _Unset
+from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
+from fastapi.dependencies.utils import (
+    _get_flat_fields_from_params,
+    get_flat_dependant,
+    get_flat_params,
+    get_validation_alias,
+)
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.openapi.constants import METHODS_WITH_BODY, REF_PREFIX
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OpenAPI
+from fastapi.params import Body, ParamTypes
+from fastapi.responses import Response
+from fastapi.sse import _SSE_EVENT_SCHEMA
+from fastapi.types import ModelNameMap
+from fastapi.utils import (
+    deep_dict_update,
+    generate_operation_id_for_path,
+    is_body_allowed_for_status_code,
+)
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute
+
+validation_error_definition = {
+    "title": "ValidationError",
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "loc": {
+            "title": "Location",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]},
+        },
+        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+        "input": {"title": "Input"},
+        "ctx": {"title": "Context", "type": "object"},
+    },
+    "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+}
+
+validation_error_response_definition = {
+    "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "detail": {
+            "title": "Detail",
+            "type": "array",
+            "items": {"$ref": REF_PREFIX + "ValidationError"},
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+status_code_ranges: dict[str, str] = {
+    "1XX": "Information",
+    "2XX": "Success",
+    "3XX": "Redirection",
+    "4XX": "Client Error",
+    "5XX": "Server Error",
+    "DEFAULT": "Default Response",
+}
+
+
+def get_openapi_security_definitions(
+    flat_dependant: Dependant,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+    security_definitions = {}
+    # Use a dict to merge scopes for same security scheme
+    operation_security_dict: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    for security_dependency in flat_dependant._security_dependencies:
+        security_definition = jsonable_encoder(
+            security_dependency._security_scheme.model,
+            by_alias=True,
+            exclude_none=True,
+        )
+        security_name = security_dependency._security_scheme.scheme_name
+        security_definitions[security_name] = security_definition
+        # Merge scopes for the same security scheme
+        if security_name not in operation_security_dict:
+            operation_security_dict[security_name] = []
+        for scope in security_dependency.oauth_scopes or []:
+            if scope not in operation_security_dict[security_name]:
+                operation_security_dict[security_name].append(scope)
+    operation_security = [
+        {name: scopes} for name, scopes in operation_security_dict.items()
+    ]
+    return security_definitions, operation_security
+
+
+def _get_openapi_operation_parameters(
+    *,
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    parameters = []
+    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant, skip_repeats=True)
+    path_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.path_params)
+    query_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.query_params)
+    header_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.header_params)
+    cookie_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.cookie_params)
+    parameter_groups = [
+        (ParamTypes.path, path_params),
+        (ParamTypes.query, query_params),
+        (ParamTypes.header, header_params),
+        (ParamTypes.cookie, cookie_params),
+    ]
+    default_convert_underscores = True
+    if len(flat_dependant.header_params) == 1:
+        first_field = flat_dependant.header_params[0]
+        if lenient_issubclass(first_field.field_info.annotation, BaseModel):
+            default_convert_underscores = getattr(
+                first_field.field_info, "convert_underscores", True
+            )
+    for param_type, param_group in parameter_groups:
+        for param in param_group:
+            field_info = param.field_info
+            # field_info = cast(Param, field_info)
+            if not getattr(field_info, "include_in_schema", True):
+                continue
+            param_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                field=param,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            name = get_validation_alias(param)
+            convert_underscores = getattr(
+                param.field_info,
+                "convert_underscores",
+                default_convert_underscores,
+            )
+            if (
+                param_type == ParamTypes.header
+                and name == param.name
+                and convert_underscores
+            ):
+                name = param.name.replace("_", "-")
+
+            parameter = {
+                "name": name,
+                "in": param_type.value,
+                "required": param.field_info.is_required(),
+                "schema": param_schema,
+            }
+            if field_info.description:
+                parameter["description"] = field_info.description
+            openapi_examples = getattr(field_info, "openapi_examples", None)
+            example = getattr(field_info, "example", None)
+            if openapi_examples:
+                parameter["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(openapi_examples)
+            elif example is not _Unset:
+                parameter["example"] = jsonable_encoder(example)
+            if getattr(field_info, "deprecated", None):
+                parameter["deprecated"] = True
+            parameters.append(parameter)
+    return parameters
+
+
+def get_openapi_operation_request_body(
+    *,
+    body_field: ModelField | None,
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if not body_field:
+        return None
+    assert isinstance(body_field, ModelField)
+    body_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+        field=body_field,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        field_mapping=field_mapping,
+        separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+    )
+    field_info = cast(Body, body_field.field_info)
+    request_media_type = field_info.media_type
+    required = body_field.field_info.is_required()
+    request_body_oai: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if required:
+        request_body_oai["required"] = required
+    request_media_content: dict[str, Any] = {"schema": body_schema}
+    if field_info.openapi_examples:
+        request_media_content["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(
+            field_info.openapi_examples
+        )
+    elif field_info.example is not _Unset:
+        request_media_content["example"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.example)
+    request_body_oai["content"] = {request_media_type: request_media_content}
+    return request_body_oai
+
+
+def generate_operation_id(
+    *, route: routing._APIRouteLike, method: str
+) -> str:  # pragma: nocover
+    warnings.warn(
+        message="fastapi.openapi.utils.generate_operation_id() was deprecated, "
+        "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon",
+        category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    if route.operation_id:
+        return route.operation_id
+    path: str = route.path_format
+    return generate_operation_id_for_path(name=route.name, path=path, method=method)
+
+
+def generate_operation_summary(*, route: routing._APIRouteLike, method: str) -> str:
+    if route.summary:
+        return route.summary
+    return route.name.replace("_", " ").title()
+
+
+def get_openapi_operation_metadata(
+    *, route: routing._APIRouteLike, method: str, operation_ids: set[str]
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    operation: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if route.tags:
+        operation["tags"] = route.tags
+    operation["summary"] = generate_operation_summary(route=route, method=method)
+    if route.description:
+        operation["description"] = route.description
+    operation_id = route.operation_id or route.unique_id
+    if operation_id in operation_ids:
+        endpoint_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__name__", "<unnamed_endpoint>")
+        message = f"Duplicate Operation ID {operation_id} for function {endpoint_name}"
+        file_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__globals__", {}).get("__file__")
+        if file_name:
+            message += f" at {file_name}"
+        warnings.warn(message, stacklevel=1)
+    operation_ids.add(operation_id)
+    operation["operationId"] = operation_id
+    if route.deprecated:
+        operation["deprecated"] = route.deprecated
+    return operation
+
+
+def get_openapi_path(
+    *,
+    route: routing._APIRouteLike,
+    operation_ids: set[str],
+    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
+    field_mapping: dict[
+        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
+    ],
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
+    path = {}
+    security_schemes: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    definitions: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    assert route.methods is not None, "Methods must be a list"
+    if isinstance(route.response_class, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        current_response_class: type[Response] = route.response_class.value
+    else:
+        current_response_class = route.response_class
+    assert current_response_class, "A response class is needed to generate OpenAPI"
+    route_response_media_type: str | None = current_response_class.media_type
+    if route.include_in_schema:
+        for method in route.methods:
+            operation = get_openapi_operation_metadata(
+                route=route, method=method, operation_ids=operation_ids
+            )
+            parameters: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+            flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(route.dependant, skip_repeats=True)
+            security_definitions, operation_security = get_openapi_security_definitions(
+                flat_dependant=flat_dependant
+            )
+            if operation_security:
+                operation.setdefault("security", []).extend(operation_security)
+            if security_definitions:
+                security_schemes.update(security_definitions)
+            operation_parameters = _get_openapi_operation_parameters(
+                dependant=route.dependant,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            parameters.extend(operation_parameters)
+            if parameters:
+                all_parameters = {
+                    (param["in"], param["name"]): param for param in parameters
+                }
+                required_parameters = {
+                    (param["in"], param["name"]): param
+                    for param in parameters
+                    if param.get("required")
+                }
+                # Make sure required definitions of the same parameter take precedence
+                # over non-required definitions
+                all_parameters.update(required_parameters)
+                operation["parameters"] = list(all_parameters.values())
+            if method in METHODS_WITH_BODY:
+                request_body_oai = get_openapi_operation_request_body(
+                    body_field=route.body_field,
+                    model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                    field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                    separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                )
+                if request_body_oai:
+                    operation["requestBody"] = request_body_oai
+            if route.callbacks:
+                callbacks = {}
+                for callback in route.callbacks:
+                    if isinstance(callback, routing.APIRoute):
+                        (
+                            cb_path,
+                            cb_security_schemes,
+                            cb_definitions,
+                        ) = get_openapi_path(
+                            route=cast(routing._APIRouteLike, callback),
+                            operation_ids=operation_ids,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        callbacks[callback.name] = {callback.path: cb_path}
+                operation["callbacks"] = callbacks
+            if route.status_code is not None:
+                status_code = str(route.status_code)
+            else:
+                # It would probably make more sense for all response classes to have an
+                # explicit default status_code, and to extract it from them, instead of
+                # doing this inspection tricks, that would probably be in the future
+                # TODO: probably make status_code a default class attribute for all
+                # responses in Starlette
+                response_signature = inspect.signature(current_response_class.__init__)
+                status_code_param = response_signature.parameters.get("status_code")
+                if status_code_param is not None:
+                    if isinstance(status_code_param.default, int):
+                        status_code = str(status_code_param.default)
+            operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(status_code, {})[
+                "description"
+            ] = route.response_description
+            if is_body_allowed_for_status_code(route.status_code):
+                # Check for JSONL streaming (generator endpoints)
+                if route.is_json_stream:
+                    jsonl_content: dict[str, Any] = {}
+                    if route.stream_item_field:
+                        item_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                            field=route.stream_item_field,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        jsonl_content["itemSchema"] = item_schema
+                    else:
+                        jsonl_content["itemSchema"] = {}
+                    operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(
+                        status_code, {}
+                    ).setdefault("content", {})["application/jsonl"] = jsonl_content
+                elif route.is_sse_stream:
+                    sse_content: dict[str, Any] = {}
+                    item_schema = copy.deepcopy(_SSE_EVENT_SCHEMA)
+                    if route.stream_item_field:
+                        content_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                            field=route.stream_item_field,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        item_schema["required"] = ["data"]
+                        item_schema["properties"]["data"] = {
+                            "type": "string",
+                            "contentMediaType": "application/json",
+                            "contentSchema": content_schema,
+                        }
+                    sse_content["itemSchema"] = item_schema
+                    operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(
+                        status_code, {}
+                    ).setdefault("content", {})["text/event-stream"] = sse_content
+                elif route_response_media_type:
+                    response_schema = {"type": "string"}
+                    if lenient_issubclass(current_response_class, JSONResponse):
+                        if route.response_field:
+                            response_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                                field=route.response_field,
+                                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            response_schema = {}
+                    operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(
+                        status_code, {}
+                    ).setdefault("content", {}).setdefault(
+                        route_response_media_type, {}
+                    )["schema"] = response_schema
+            if route.responses:
+                operation_responses = operation.setdefault("responses", {})
+                for (
+                    additional_status_code,
+                    additional_response,
+                ) in route.responses.items():
+                    process_response = copy.deepcopy(additional_response)
+                    process_response.pop("model", None)
+                    status_code_key = str(additional_status_code).upper()
+                    if status_code_key == "DEFAULT":
+                        status_code_key = "default"
+                    openapi_response = operation_responses.setdefault(
+                        status_code_key, {}
+                    )
+                    assert isinstance(process_response, dict), (
+                        "An additional response must be a dict"
+                    )
+                    field = route.response_fields.get(additional_status_code)
+                    additional_field_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+                    if field:
+                        additional_field_schema = get_schema_from_model_field(
+                            field=field,
+                            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                            field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                            separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+                        )
+                        media_type = route_response_media_type or "application/json"
+                        additional_schema = (
+                            process_response.setdefault("content", {})
+                            .setdefault(media_type, {})
+                            .setdefault("schema", {})
+                        )
+                        deep_dict_update(additional_schema, additional_field_schema)
+                    status_text: str | None = status_code_ranges.get(
+                        str(additional_status_code).upper()
+                    ) or http.client.responses.get(int(additional_status_code))
+                    description = (
+                        process_response.get("description")
+                        or openapi_response.get("description")
+                        or status_text
+                        or "Additional Response"
+                    )
+                    deep_dict_update(openapi_response, process_response)
+                    openapi_response["description"] = description
+            http422 = "422"
+            all_route_params = get_flat_params(route.dependant)
+            if (all_route_params or route.body_field) and not any(
+                status in operation["responses"]
+                for status in [http422, "4XX", "default"]
+            ):
+                operation["responses"][http422] = {
+                    "description": "Validation Error",
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": REF_PREFIX + "HTTPValidationError"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+                if "ValidationError" not in definitions:
+                    definitions.update(
+                        {
+                            "ValidationError": validation_error_definition,
+                            "HTTPValidationError": validation_error_response_definition,
+                        }
+                    )
+            if route.openapi_extra:
+                deep_dict_update(operation, route.openapi_extra)
+            path[method.lower()] = operation
+    return path, security_schemes, definitions
+
+
+def _get_api_route_for_openapi(
+    route_context: routing.RouteContext,
+) -> routing._APIRouteLike | None:
+    if isinstance(route_context.original_route, routing.APIRoute):
+        return cast(routing._APIRouteLike, route_context)
+    return None
+
+
+def get_fields_from_routes(
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | routing.RouteContext],
+) -> list[ModelField]:
+    body_fields_from_routes: list[ModelField] = []
+    responses_from_routes: list[ModelField] = []
+    request_fields_from_routes: list[ModelField] = []
+    callback_flat_models: list[ModelField] = []
+    for route_context in routing.iter_route_contexts(routes):
+        api_route = _get_api_route_for_openapi(route_context)
+        if api_route is None:
+            continue
+        if api_route.include_in_schema:
+            if api_route.body_field:
+                assert isinstance(api_route.body_field, ModelField), (
+                    "A request body must be a Pydantic Field"
+                )
+                body_fields_from_routes.append(api_route.body_field)
+            if api_route.response_field:
+                responses_from_routes.append(api_route.response_field)
+            if api_route.response_fields:
+                responses_from_routes.extend(api_route.response_fields.values())
+            if api_route.stream_item_field:
+                responses_from_routes.append(api_route.stream_item_field)
+            if api_route.callbacks:
+                callback_flat_models.extend(get_fields_from_routes(api_route.callbacks))
+            params = get_flat_params(api_route.dependant)
+            request_fields_from_routes.extend(params)
+
+    flat_models = callback_flat_models + list(
+        body_fields_from_routes + responses_from_routes + request_fields_from_routes
+    )
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_openapi(
+    *,
+    title: str,
+    version: str,
+    openapi_version: str = "3.1.0",
+    summary: str | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | routing.RouteContext],
+    webhooks: Sequence[BaseRoute | routing.RouteContext] | None = None,
+    tags: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+    servers: list[dict[str, str | Any]] | None = None,
+    terms_of_service: str | None = None,
+    contact: dict[str, str | Any] | None = None,
+    license_info: dict[str, str | Any] | None = None,
+    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
+    external_docs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    info: dict[str, Any] = {"title": title, "version": version}
+    if summary:
+        info["summary"] = summary
+    if description:
+        info["description"] = description
+    if terms_of_service:
+        info["termsOfService"] = terms_of_service
+    if contact:
+        info["contact"] = contact
+    if license_info:
+        info["license"] = license_info
+    output: dict[str, Any] = {"openapi": openapi_version, "info": info}
+    if servers:
+        output["servers"] = servers
+    components: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    paths: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    webhook_paths: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+    operation_ids: set[str] = set()
+    all_fields = get_fields_from_routes(list(routes) + list(webhooks or []))
+    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_fields(all_fields, known_models=set())
+    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+    field_mapping, definitions = get_definitions(
+        fields=all_fields,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+    )
+    for route_context in routing.iter_route_contexts(routes):
+        api_route = _get_api_route_for_openapi(route_context)
+        if api_route is not None:
+            result = get_openapi_path(
+                route=api_route,
+                operation_ids=operation_ids,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            if result:
+                path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result
+                if path:
+                    paths.setdefault(api_route.path_format, {}).update(path)
+                if security_schemes:
+                    components.setdefault("securitySchemes", {}).update(
+                        security_schemes
+                    )
+                if path_definitions:
+                    definitions.update(path_definitions)
+    for webhook_context in routing.iter_route_contexts(webhooks or []):
+        api_webhook = _get_api_route_for_openapi(webhook_context)
+        if api_webhook is not None:
+            result = get_openapi_path(
+                route=api_webhook,
+                operation_ids=operation_ids,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                field_mapping=field_mapping,
+                separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas,
+            )
+            if result:
+                path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result
+                if path:
+                    webhook_paths.setdefault(api_webhook.path_format, {}).update(path)
+                if security_schemes:
+                    components.setdefault("securitySchemes", {}).update(
+                        security_schemes
+                    )
+                if path_definitions:
+                    definitions.update(path_definitions)
+    if definitions:
+        components["schemas"] = {k: definitions[k] for k in sorted(definitions)}
+    if components:
+        output["components"] = components
+    output["paths"] = paths
+    if webhook_paths:
+        output["webhooks"] = webhook_paths
+    if tags:
+        output["tags"] = tags
+    if external_docs:
+        output["externalDocs"] = external_docs
+    return jsonable_encoder(OpenAPI(**output), by_alias=True, exclude_none=True)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/param_functions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/param_functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1856178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/param_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2460 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi import params
+from fastapi._compat import Undefined
+from fastapi.datastructures import _Unset
+from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
+from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+
+def Path(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = ...,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Path Parameters and Numeric Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#declare-metadata)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Declare a path parameter for a *path operation*.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Path Parameters and Numeric Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/).
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+    async def read_items(
+        item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")],
+    ):
+        return {"item_id": item_id}
+    ```
+    """
+    return params.Path(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Query(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#alternative-old-query-as-the-default-value)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#alias-parameters)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#declare-more-metadata)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#declare-more-metadata)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Path parameters numeric validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#number-validations-greater-than-and-less-than-or-equal)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#add-regular-expressions
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#deprecating-parameters)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about Query parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Query(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Header(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    convert_underscores: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Automatically convert underscores to hyphens in the parameter field name.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Header Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#automatic-conversion)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Header(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        convert_underscores=convert_underscores,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Cookie(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Cookie(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Body(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    embed: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            When `embed` is `True`, the parameter will be expected in a JSON body as a
+            key instead of being the JSON body itself.
+
+            This happens automatically when more than one `Body` parameter is declared.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Body - Multiple Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-multiple-params/#embed-a-single-body-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    media_type: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the
+            generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "application/json",
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Body(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        embed=embed,
+        media_type=media_type,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Form(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    media_type: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the
+            generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.Form(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        media_type=media_type,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def File(  # noqa: N802
+    default: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Default value if the parameter field is not set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Annotated[
+        Callable[[], Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A callable to generate the default value.
+
+            This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required.
+            The parameter is available only for compatibility.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    media_type: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the
+            generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "multipart/form-data",
+    alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            An alternative name for the parameter field.
+
+            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
+            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
+            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    alias_priority: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: Annotated[
+        str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
+            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    serialization_alias: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the
+            single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other
+            fields will be ignored at serialization time.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable title.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    description: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Human-readable description.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    gt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to
+            numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ge: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to
+            this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    lt: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    le: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this.
+            Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    min_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Minimum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    max_length: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum length for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pattern: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    regex: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            RegEx pattern for strings.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    discriminator: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    strict: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: Annotated[
+        float | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: Annotated[
+        bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    max_digits: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of digits allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Maximum number of decimal places allowed for decimal values.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    examples: Annotated[
+        list[Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Example values for this field.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    example: Annotated[
+        Any | None,
+        deprecated(
+            "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+            "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+        ),
+    ] = _Unset,
+    openapi_examples: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Example] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OpenAPI-specific examples.
+
+            It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+            Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the
+            OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main
+            use case for this.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deprecated: Annotated[
+        deprecated | str | bool | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mark this parameter field as deprecated.
+
+            It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    include_in_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI.
+            You probably don't need it, but it's available.
+
+            This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    json_schema_extra: Annotated[
+        dict[str, Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Any additional JSON schema data.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    **extra: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema.
+            """
+        ),
+        deprecated(
+            """
+            The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> Any:
+    return params.File(
+        default=default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        media_type=media_type,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        strict=strict,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        example=example,
+        examples=examples,
+        openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        **extra,
+    )
+
+
+def Depends(  # noqa: N802
+    dependency: Annotated[
+        Callable[..., Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+            Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you, just pass the object
+            directly.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    *,
+    use_cache: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            By default, after a dependency is called the first time in a request, if
+            the dependency is declared again for the rest of the request (for example
+            if the dependency is needed by several dependencies), the value will be
+            re-used for the rest of the request.
+
+            Set `use_cache` to `False` to disable this behavior and ensure the
+            dependency is called again (if declared more than once) in the same request.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about sub-dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies/#using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    scope: Annotated[
+        Literal["function", "request"] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Mainly for dependencies with `yield`, define when the dependency function
+            should start (the code before `yield`) and when it should end (the code
+            after `yield`).
+
+            * `"function"`: start the dependency before the *path operation function*
+                that handles the request, end the dependency after the *path operation
+                function* ends, but **before** the response is sent back to the client.
+                So, the dependency function will be executed **around** the *path operation
+                **function***.
+            * `"request"`: start the dependency before the *path operation function*
+                that handles the request (similar to when using `"function"`), but end
+                **after** the response is sent back to the client. So, the dependency
+                function will be executed **around** the **request** and response cycle.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for FastAPI Dependencies with yield](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#early-exit-and-scope)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Declare a FastAPI dependency.
+
+    It takes a single "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+    Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/).
+
+    **Example**
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+        return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
+        return commons
+    ```
+    """
+    return params.Depends(dependency=dependency, use_cache=use_cache, scope=scope)
+
+
+def Security(  # noqa: N802
+    dependency: Annotated[
+        Callable[..., Any] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+            Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you, just pass the object
+            directly.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    *,
+    scopes: Annotated[
+        Sequence[str] | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            OAuth2 scopes required for the *path operation* that uses this Security
+            dependency.
+
+            The term "scope" comes from the OAuth2 specification, it seems to be
+            intentionally vague and interpretable. It normally refers to permissions,
+            in cases to roles.
+
+            These scopes are integrated with OpenAPI (and the API docs at `/docs`).
+            So they are visible in the OpenAPI specification.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    use_cache: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            By default, after a dependency is called the first time in a request, if
+            the dependency is declared again for the rest of the request (for example
+            if the dependency is needed by several dependencies), the value will be
+            re-used for the rest of the request.
+
+            Set `use_cache` to `False` to disable this behavior and ensure the
+            dependency is called again (if declared more than once) in the same request.
+
+            Read more about it in the
+            [FastAPI docs about sub-dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies/#using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times)
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Declare a FastAPI Security dependency.
+
+    The only difference with a regular dependency is that it can declare OAuth2
+    scopes that will be integrated with OpenAPI and the automatic UI docs (by default
+    at `/docs`).
+
+    It takes a single "dependable" callable (like a function).
+
+    Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/) and
+    in the
+    [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+
+    **Example**
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Security, FastAPI
+
+    from .db import User
+    from .security import get_current_active_user
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.get("/users/me/items/")
+    async def read_own_items(
+        current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])]
+    ):
+        return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
+    ```
+    """
+    return params.Security(dependency=dependency, scopes=scopes, use_cache=use_cache)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/params.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/params.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3f2ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/params.py
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
+
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
+from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ._compat import (
+    Undefined,
+)
+from .datastructures import _Unset
+
+
+class ParamTypes(Enum):
+    query = "query"
+    header = "header"
+    path = "path"
+    cookie = "cookie"
+
+
+class Param(FieldInfo):  # type: ignore[misc]  # ty: ignore[subclass-of-final-class]
+    in_: ParamTypes
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        if example is not _Unset:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`example` has been deprecated, please use `examples` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        self.example = example
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.openapi_examples = openapi_examples
+        kwargs = dict(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            alias=alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            **extra,
+        )
+        if examples is not None:
+            kwargs["examples"] = examples
+        if regex is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`regex` has been deprecated, please use `pattern` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        current_json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra or extra
+        kwargs["deprecated"] = deprecated
+
+        if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
+            serialization_alias = alias
+        if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
+            validation_alias = alias
+        kwargs.update(
+            {
+                "annotation": annotation,
+                "alias_priority": alias_priority,
+                "validation_alias": validation_alias,
+                "serialization_alias": serialization_alias,
+                "strict": strict,
+                "json_schema_extra": current_json_schema_extra,
+            }
+        )
+        kwargs["pattern"] = pattern or regex
+
+        use_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset}
+
+        super().__init__(**use_kwargs)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.default})"
+
+
+class Path(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.path
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = ...,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        assert default is ..., "Path parameters cannot have a default value"
+        self.in_ = self.in_
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Query(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.query
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Header(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.header
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        convert_underscores: bool = True,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        self.convert_underscores = convert_underscores
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Cookie(Param):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    in_ = ParamTypes.cookie
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class Body(FieldInfo):  # type: ignore[misc]  # ty: ignore[subclass-of-final-class]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        embed: bool | None = None,
+        media_type: str = "application/json",
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        self.embed = embed
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        if example is not _Unset:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`example` has been deprecated, please use `examples` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        self.example = example
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.openapi_examples = openapi_examples
+        kwargs = dict(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            alias=alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            **extra,
+        )
+        if examples is not None:
+            kwargs["examples"] = examples
+        if regex is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`regex` has been deprecated, please use `pattern` instead",
+                category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=4,
+            )
+        current_json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra or extra
+        kwargs["deprecated"] = deprecated
+        if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
+            serialization_alias = alias
+        if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
+            validation_alias = alias
+        kwargs.update(
+            {
+                "annotation": annotation,
+                "alias_priority": alias_priority,
+                "validation_alias": validation_alias,
+                "serialization_alias": serialization_alias,
+                "strict": strict,
+                "json_schema_extra": current_json_schema_extra,
+            }
+        )
+        kwargs["pattern"] = pattern or regex
+
+        use_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset}
+
+        super().__init__(**use_kwargs)  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.default})"
+
+
+class Form(Body):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        media_type: str = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            media_type=media_type,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+class File(Form):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = Undefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | None = _Unset,
+        annotation: Any | None = None,
+        media_type: str = "multipart/form-data",
+        alias: str | None = None,
+        alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+        validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = None,
+        serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        gt: float | None = None,
+        ge: float | None = None,
+        lt: float | None = None,
+        le: float | None = None,
+        min_length: int | None = None,
+        max_length: int | None = None,
+        pattern: str | None = None,
+        regex: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead."
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        discriminator: str | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+        multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+        allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+        max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+        decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+        examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+        example: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            deprecated(
+                "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, "
+                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
+            ),
+        ] = _Unset,
+        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
+        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **extra: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            default=default,
+            default_factory=default_factory,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            media_type=media_type,
+            alias=alias,
+            alias_priority=alias_priority,
+            validation_alias=validation_alias,
+            serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            gt=gt,
+            ge=ge,
+            lt=lt,
+            le=le,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            regex=regex,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            strict=strict,
+            multiple_of=multiple_of,
+            allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+            max_digits=max_digits,
+            decimal_places=decimal_places,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            example=example,
+            examples=examples,
+            openapi_examples=openapi_examples,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+            **extra,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Depends:
+    dependency: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
+    use_cache: bool = True
+    scope: Literal["function", "request"] | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Security(Depends):
+    scopes: Sequence[str] | None = None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/requests.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16552c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection as HTTPConnection  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.requests import Request as Request  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/responses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/responses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29df4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/responses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import importlib
+from typing import Any, Protocol, cast
+
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse as EventSourceResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse as FileResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse as HTMLResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse as JSONResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse as PlainTextResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse as RedirectResponse  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import Response as Response  # noqa
+from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse as StreamingResponse  # noqa
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+
+class _UjsonModule(Protocol):
+    def dumps(self, __obj: Any, *, ensure_ascii: bool = ...) -> str: ...
+
+
+class _OrjsonModule(Protocol):
+    OPT_NON_STR_KEYS: int
+    OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY: int
+
+    def dumps(self, __obj: Any, *, option: int = ...) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+try:
+    ujson = cast(_UjsonModule, importlib.import_module("ujson"))
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: nocover
+    ujson = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+try:
+    orjson = cast(_OrjsonModule, importlib.import_module("orjson"))
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: nocover
+    orjson = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "UJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
+    "bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
+    "faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
+    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
+    "and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
+    category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    """JSON response using the ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
+
+    **Deprecated**: `UJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
+    directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
+    set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
+    and the
+    [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+    **Note**: `ujson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
+    separately, e.g. `pip install ujson`.
+    """
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        assert ujson is not None, "ujson must be installed to use UJSONResponse"
+        return ujson.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "ORJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
+    "bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
+    "faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
+    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
+    "and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
+    category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    """JSON response using the orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
+
+    **Deprecated**: `ORJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
+    directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
+    set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
+    and the
+    [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+    **Note**: `orjson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
+    separately, e.g. `pip install orjson`.
+    """
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed to use ORJSONResponse"
+        return orjson.dumps(
+            content, option=orjson.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/routing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/routing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a2d754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6231 @@
+import contextlib
+import copy
+import email.message
+import errno
+import functools
+import inspect
+import json
+import os
+import stat
+import types
+from collections.abc import (
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+)
+from contextlib import (
+    AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    AbstractContextManager,
+    AsyncExitStack,
+    asynccontextmanager,
+)
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+from typing import (
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+    Protocol,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+import anyio
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from anyio.abc import ObjectReceiveStream
+from fastapi import params
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    Undefined,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+)
+from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder
+from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
+from fastapi.dependencies.utils import (
+    _should_embed_body_fields,
+    get_body_field,
+    get_dependant,
+    get_flat_dependant,
+    get_parameterless_sub_dependant,
+    get_stream_item_type,
+    get_typed_return_annotation,
+    solve_dependencies,
+)
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from fastapi.exceptions import (
+    EndpointContext,
+    FastAPIError,
+    RequestValidationError,
+    ResponseValidationError,
+    WebSocketRequestValidationError,
+)
+from fastapi.sse import (
+    _PING_INTERVAL,
+    KEEPALIVE_COMMENT,
+    EventSourceResponse,
+    ServerSentEvent,
+    format_sse_event,
+)
+from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx
+from fastapi.utils import (
+    create_model_field,
+    generate_unique_id,
+    get_value_or_default,
+    is_body_allowed_for_status_code,
+)
+from starlette import routing
+from starlette._exception_handler import wrap_app_handling_exceptions
+from starlette._utils import get_route_path, is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool, run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, FormData, URLPath
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import (
+    JSONResponse,
+    PlainTextResponse,
+    RedirectResponse,
+    Response,
+    StreamingResponse,
+)
+from starlette.routing import (
+    BaseRoute,
+    Match,
+    NoMatchFound,
+    compile_path,
+    get_name,
+)
+from starlette.routing import Mount as Mount  # noqa
+from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+from starlette.types import AppType, ASGIApp, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+
+# Copy of starlette.routing.request_response modified to include the
+# dependencies' AsyncExitStack
+def request_response(
+    func: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a function or coroutine `func(request) -> response`,
+    and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    f: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]] = (
+        func  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if is_async_callable(func)
+        else functools.partial(run_in_threadpool, func)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+    )  # ty: ignore[invalid-assignment]
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        request = Request(scope, receive, send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            # Starts customization
+            response_awaited = False
+            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
+                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
+                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
+                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
+                    response = await f(request)
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+                # Continues customization
+                response_awaited = True
+            if not response_awaited:
+                raise FastAPIError(
+                    "Response not awaited. There's a high chance that the "
+                    "application code is raising an exception and a dependency with yield "
+                    "has a block with a bare except, or a block with except Exception, "
+                    "and is not raising the exception again. Read more about it in the "
+                    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#dependencies-with-yield-and-except"
+                )
+
+        # Same as in Starlette
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, request)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+# Copy of starlette.routing.websocket_session modified to include the
+# dependencies' AsyncExitStack
+def websocket_session(
+    func: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a coroutine `func(session)`, and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    # assert asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func), "WebSocket endpoints must be async"
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        session = WebSocket(scope, receive=receive, send=send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            async with AsyncExitStack() as request_stack:
+                scope["fastapi_inner_astack"] = request_stack
+                async with AsyncExitStack() as function_stack:
+                    scope["fastapi_function_astack"] = function_stack
+                    await func(session)
+
+        # Same as in Starlette
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, session)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+# Vendored from starlette.routing to avoid importing private symbols
+class _AsyncLiftContextManager(AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T]):
+    """
+    Wraps a synchronous context manager to make it async.
+
+    This is vendored from Starlette to avoid importing private symbols.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cm: AbstractContextManager[_T]) -> None:
+        self._cm = cm
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> _T:
+        return self._cm.__enter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+# Vendored from starlette.routing to avoid importing private symbols
+def _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(
+    lifespan_context: Callable[[Any], Generator[Any, Any, Any]],
+) -> Callable[[Any], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any]]:
+    """
+    Wrap a generator-based lifespan context into an async context manager.
+
+    This is vendored from Starlette to avoid importing private symbols.
+    """
+    cmgr = contextlib.contextmanager(lifespan_context)
+
+    @functools.wraps(cmgr)
+    def wrapper(app: Any) -> _AsyncLiftContextManager[Any]:
+        return _AsyncLiftContextManager(cmgr(app))
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def _merge_lifespan_context(
+    original_context: Lifespan[Any], nested_context: Lifespan[Any]
+) -> Lifespan[Any]:
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def merged_lifespan(
+        app: AppType,
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[Mapping[str, Any] | None]:
+        async with original_context(app) as maybe_original_state:
+            async with nested_context(app) as maybe_nested_state:
+                if maybe_nested_state is None and maybe_original_state is None:
+                    yield None  # old ASGI compatibility
+                else:
+                    yield {**(maybe_nested_state or {}), **(maybe_original_state or {})}
+
+    return merged_lifespan  # type: ignore[return-value]  # ty: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+
+
+class _DefaultLifespan:
+    """
+    Default lifespan context manager that runs on_startup and on_shutdown handlers.
+
+    This is a copy of the Starlette _DefaultLifespan class that was removed
+    in Starlette. FastAPI keeps it to maintain backward compatibility with
+    on_startup and on_shutdown event handlers.
+
+    Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, router: "APIRouter") -> None:
+        self._router = router
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        await self._router._startup()
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
+        await self._router._shutdown()
+
+    def __call__(self: _T, app: object) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+
+# Cache for endpoint context to avoid re-extracting on every request
+_endpoint_context_cache: dict[int, EndpointContext] = {}
+
+
+def _extract_endpoint_context(func: Any) -> EndpointContext:
+    """Extract endpoint context with caching to avoid repeated file I/O."""
+    func_id = id(func)
+
+    if func_id in _endpoint_context_cache:
+        return _endpoint_context_cache[func_id]
+
+    try:
+        ctx: EndpointContext = {}
+
+        if (source_file := inspect.getsourcefile(func)) is not None:
+            ctx["file"] = source_file
+        if (line_number := inspect.getsourcelines(func)[1]) is not None:
+            ctx["line"] = line_number
+        if (func_name := getattr(func, "__name__", None)) is not None:
+            ctx["function"] = func_name
+    except Exception:
+        ctx = EndpointContext()
+
+    _endpoint_context_cache[func_id] = ctx
+    return ctx
+
+
+async def serialize_response(
+    *,
+    field: ModelField | None = None,
+    response_content: Any,
+    include: IncEx | None = None,
+    exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+    is_coroutine: bool = True,
+    endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    dump_json: bool = False,
+) -> Any:
+    if field:
+        if is_coroutine:
+            value, errors = field.validate(response_content, {}, loc=("response",))
+        else:
+            value, errors = await run_in_threadpool(
+                field.validate, response_content, {}, loc=("response",)
+            )
+        if errors:
+            ctx = endpoint_ctx or EndpointContext()
+            raise ResponseValidationError(
+                errors=errors,
+                body=response_content,
+                endpoint_ctx=ctx,
+            )
+        serializer = field.serialize_json if dump_json else field.serialize
+        return serializer(
+            value,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        return jsonable_encoder(response_content)
+
+
+async def run_endpoint_function(
+    *, dependant: Dependant, values: dict[str, Any], is_coroutine: bool
+) -> Any:
+    # Only called by get_request_handler. Has been split into its own function to
+    # facilitate profiling endpoints, since inner functions are harder to profile.
+    assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
+
+    if is_coroutine:
+        return await dependant.call(**values)
+    else:
+        return await run_in_threadpool(dependant.call, **values)
+
+
+def _build_response_args(
+    *, status_code: int | None, solved_result: Any
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    response_args: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "background": solved_result.background_tasks,
+    }
+    # If status_code was set, use it, otherwise use the default from the
+    # response class, in the case of redirect it's 307
+    current_status_code = (
+        status_code if status_code else solved_result.response.status_code
+    )
+    if current_status_code is not None:
+        response_args["status_code"] = current_status_code
+    if solved_result.response.status_code:
+        response_args["status_code"] = solved_result.response.status_code
+    return response_args
+
+
+def get_request_handler(
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    body_field: ModelField | None = None,
+    status_code: int | None = None,
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+    response_field: ModelField | None = None,
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    embed_body_fields: bool = False,
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None = None,
+    is_json_stream: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
+    assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
+    is_coroutine = dependant.is_coroutine_callable
+    is_body_form = body_field and isinstance(body_field.field_info, params.Form)
+    if isinstance(response_class, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        actual_response_class: type[Response] = response_class.value
+    else:
+        actual_response_class = response_class
+    is_sse_stream = lenient_issubclass(actual_response_class, EventSourceResponse)
+    if isinstance(strict_content_type, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        actual_strict_content_type: bool = strict_content_type.value
+    else:
+        actual_strict_content_type = strict_content_type
+
+    async def app(request: Request) -> Response:
+        response: Response | None = None
+        file_stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_middleware_astack")
+        assert isinstance(file_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
+            "fastapi_middleware_astack not found in request scope"
+        )
+
+        # Extract endpoint context for error messages
+        endpoint_ctx = (
+            _extract_endpoint_context(dependant.call)
+            if dependant.call
+            else EndpointContext()
+        )
+
+        if dependant.path:
+            # For mounted sub-apps, include the mount path prefix
+            mount_path = request.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+            endpoint_ctx["path"] = f"{request.method} {mount_path}{dependant.path}"
+
+        # Read body and auto-close files
+        try:
+            body: Any = None
+            if body_field:
+                if is_body_form:
+                    body = await request.form()
+                    file_stack.push_async_callback(body.close)
+                else:
+                    body_bytes = await request.body()
+                    if body_bytes:
+                        json_body: Any = Undefined
+                        content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type")
+                        if not content_type_value:
+                            if not actual_strict_content_type:
+                                json_body = await request.json()
+                        else:
+                            message = email.message.Message()
+                            message["content-type"] = content_type_value
+                            if message.get_content_maintype() == "application":
+                                subtype = message.get_content_subtype()
+                                if subtype == "json" or subtype.endswith("+json"):
+                                    json_body = await request.json()
+                        if json_body != Undefined:
+                            body = json_body
+                        else:
+                            body = body_bytes
+        except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+            validation_error = RequestValidationError(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "type": "json_invalid",
+                        "loc": ("body", e.pos),
+                        "msg": "JSON decode error",
+                        "input": {},
+                        "ctx": {"error": e.msg},
+                    }
+                ],
+                body=e.doc,
+                endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+            )
+            raise validation_error from e
+        except HTTPException:
+            # If a middleware raises an HTTPException, it should be raised again
+            raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            http_error = HTTPException(
+                status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body"
+            )
+            raise http_error from e
+
+        # Solve dependencies and run path operation function, auto-closing dependencies
+        errors: list[Any] = []
+        async_exit_stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
+        assert isinstance(async_exit_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
+            "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
+        )
+        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=request,
+            dependant=dependant,
+            body=cast(dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None, body),
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        errors = solved_result.errors
+        assert dependant.call  # For types
+        if not errors:
+            # Shared serializer for stream items (JSONL and SSE).
+            # Validates against stream_item_field when set, then
+            # serializes to JSON bytes.
+            def _serialize_data(data: Any) -> bytes:
+                if stream_item_field:
+                    value, errors_ = stream_item_field.validate(
+                        data, {}, loc=("response",)
+                    )
+                    if errors_:
+                        ctx = endpoint_ctx or EndpointContext()
+                        raise ResponseValidationError(
+                            errors=errors_,
+                            body=data,
+                            endpoint_ctx=ctx,
+                        )
+                    return stream_item_field.serialize_json(
+                        value,
+                        include=response_model_include,
+                        exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                        by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                        exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                        exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                        exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    data = jsonable_encoder(data)
+                    return json.dumps(data).encode("utf-8")
+
+            if is_sse_stream:
+                # Generator endpoint: stream as Server-Sent Events
+                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+
+                def _serialize_sse_item(item: Any) -> bytes:
+                    if isinstance(item, ServerSentEvent):
+                        # User controls the event structure.
+                        # Serialize the data payload if present.
+                        # For ServerSentEvent items we skip stream_item_field
+                        # validation (the user may mix types intentionally).
+                        if item.raw_data is not None:
+                            data_str: str | None = item.raw_data
+                        elif item.data is not None:
+                            if hasattr(item.data, "model_dump_json"):
+                                data_str = item.data.model_dump_json()
+                            else:
+                                data_str = json.dumps(jsonable_encoder(item.data))
+                        else:
+                            data_str = None
+                        return format_sse_event(
+                            data_str=data_str,
+                            event=item.event,
+                            id=item.id,
+                            retry=item.retry,
+                            comment=item.comment,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        # Plain object: validate + serialize via
+                        # stream_item_field (if set) and wrap in data field
+                        return format_sse_event(
+                            data_str=_serialize_data(item).decode("utf-8")
+                        )
+
+                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+                    sse_aiter: AsyncIterator[Any] = gen.__aiter__()
+                else:
+                    sse_aiter = iterate_in_threadpool(gen)
+
+                @asynccontextmanager
+                async def _sse_producer_cm() -> AsyncIterator[
+                    ObjectReceiveStream[bytes]
+                ]:
+                    # Use a memory stream to decouple generator iteration
+                    # from the keepalive timer. A producer task pulls items
+                    # from the generator independently, so
+                    # `anyio.fail_after` never wraps the generator's
+                    # `__anext__` directly - avoiding CancelledError that
+                    # would finalize the generator and also working for sync
+                    # generators running in a thread pool.
+                    #
+                    # This context manager is entered on the request-scoped
+                    # AsyncExitStack so its __aexit__ (which cancels the
+                    # task group) is called by the exit stack after the
+                    # streaming response completes — not by async generator
+                    # finalization via GeneratorExit.
+                    # Ref: https://peps.python.org/pep-0789/
+                    send_stream, receive_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
+                        bytes
+                    ](max_buffer_size=1)
+
+                    async def _producer() -> None:
+                        async with send_stream:
+                            async for raw_item in sse_aiter:
+                                await send_stream.send(_serialize_sse_item(raw_item))
+
+                    send_keepalive, receive_keepalive = (
+                        anyio.create_memory_object_stream[bytes](max_buffer_size=1)
+                    )
+
+                    async def _keepalive_inserter() -> None:
+                        """Read from the producer and forward to the output,
+                        inserting keepalive comments on timeout."""
+                        async with send_keepalive, receive_stream:
+                            try:
+                                while True:
+                                    try:
+                                        with anyio.fail_after(_PING_INTERVAL):
+                                            data = await receive_stream.receive()
+                                        await send_keepalive.send(data)
+                                    except TimeoutError:
+                                        await send_keepalive.send(KEEPALIVE_COMMENT)
+                            except anyio.EndOfStream:
+                                pass
+
+                    async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+                        tg.start_soon(_producer)
+                        tg.start_soon(_keepalive_inserter)
+                        yield receive_keepalive
+                        tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                # Enter the SSE context manager on the request-scoped
+                # exit stack. The stack outlives the streaming response,
+                # so __aexit__ runs via proper structured teardown, not
+                # via GeneratorExit thrown into an async generator.
+                sse_receive_stream = await async_exit_stack.enter_async_context(
+                    _sse_producer_cm()
+                )
+                # Ensure the receive stream is closed when the exit stack
+                # unwinds, preventing ResourceWarning from __del__.
+                async_exit_stack.push_async_callback(sse_receive_stream.aclose)
+
+                async def _sse_with_checkpoints(
+                    stream: ObjectReceiveStream[bytes],
+                ) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+                    async for data in stream:
+                        yield data
+                        # Guarantee a checkpoint so cancellation can be
+                        # delivered even when the producer is faster than
+                        # the consumer and receive() never suspends.
+                        await anyio.sleep(0)
+
+                sse_stream_content: AsyncIterator[bytes] | Iterator[bytes] = (
+                    _sse_with_checkpoints(sse_receive_stream)
+                )
+
+                response = StreamingResponse(
+                    sse_stream_content,
+                    media_type="text/event-stream",
+                    background=solved_result.background_tasks,
+                )
+                response.headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
+                # For Nginx proxies to not buffer server sent events
+                response.headers["X-Accel-Buffering"] = "no"
+                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+            elif is_json_stream:
+                # Generator endpoint: stream as JSONL
+                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+
+                def _serialize_item(item: Any) -> bytes:
+                    return _serialize_data(item) + b"\n"
+
+                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+
+                    async def _async_stream_jsonl() -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+                        async for item in gen:
+                            yield _serialize_item(item)
+                            # To allow for cancellation to trigger
+                            # Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14680
+                            await anyio.sleep(0)
+
+                    jsonl_stream_content: AsyncIterator[bytes] | Iterator[bytes] = (
+                        _async_stream_jsonl()
+                    )
+                else:
+
+                    def _sync_stream_jsonl() -> Iterator[bytes]:
+                        for item in gen:  # ty: ignore[not-iterable]
+                            yield _serialize_item(item)
+
+                    jsonl_stream_content = _sync_stream_jsonl()
+
+                response = StreamingResponse(
+                    jsonl_stream_content,
+                    media_type="application/jsonl",
+                    background=solved_result.background_tasks,
+                )
+                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+            elif dependant.is_async_gen_callable or dependant.is_gen_callable:
+                # Raw streaming with explicit response_class (e.g. StreamingResponse)
+                gen = dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+                if dependant.is_async_gen_callable:
+
+                    async def _async_stream_raw(
+                        async_gen: AsyncIterator[Any],
+                    ) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+                        async for chunk in async_gen:
+                            yield chunk
+                            # To allow for cancellation to trigger
+                            # Ref: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/14680
+                            await anyio.sleep(0)
+
+                    gen = _async_stream_raw(gen)
+                response_args = _build_response_args(
+                    status_code=status_code, solved_result=solved_result
+                )
+                response = actual_response_class(content=gen, **response_args)
+                response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+            else:
+                raw_response = await run_endpoint_function(
+                    dependant=dependant,
+                    values=solved_result.values,
+                    is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
+                )
+                if isinstance(raw_response, Response):
+                    if raw_response.background is None:
+                        raw_response.background = solved_result.background_tasks
+                    response = raw_response
+                else:
+                    response_args = _build_response_args(
+                        status_code=status_code, solved_result=solved_result
+                    )
+                    # Use the fast path (dump_json) when no custom response
+                    # class was set and a response field with a TypeAdapter
+                    # exists. Serializes directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic's
+                    # Rust core, skipping the intermediate Python dict +
+                    # json.dumps() step.
+                    use_dump_json = response_field is not None and isinstance(
+                        response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
+                    )
+                    content = await serialize_response(
+                        field=response_field,
+                        response_content=raw_response,
+                        include=response_model_include,
+                        exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                        by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                        exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                        exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                        exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                        is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
+                        endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+                        dump_json=use_dump_json,
+                    )
+                    if use_dump_json:
+                        response = Response(
+                            content=content,
+                            media_type="application/json",
+                            **response_args,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
+                    if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code):
+                        response.body = b""
+                    response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
+        if errors:
+            validation_error = RequestValidationError(
+                errors, body=body, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx
+            )
+            raise validation_error
+
+        # Return response
+        assert response
+        return response
+
+    return app
+
+
+def get_websocket_app(
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    embed_body_fields: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[WebSocket], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]:
+    async def app(websocket: WebSocket) -> None:
+        endpoint_ctx = (
+            _extract_endpoint_context(dependant.call)
+            if dependant.call
+            else EndpointContext()
+        )
+        if dependant.path:
+            # For mounted sub-apps, include the mount path prefix
+            mount_path = websocket.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
+            endpoint_ctx["path"] = f"WS {mount_path}{dependant.path}"
+        async_exit_stack = websocket.scope.get("fastapi_inner_astack")
+        assert isinstance(async_exit_stack, AsyncExitStack), (
+            "fastapi_inner_astack not found in request scope"
+        )
+        solved_result = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=websocket,
+            dependant=dependant,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack,
+            embed_body_fields=embed_body_fields,
+        )
+        if solved_result.errors:
+            raise WebSocketRequestValidationError(
+                solved_result.errors,
+                endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+            )
+        assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
+        await dependant.call(**solved_result.values)
+
+    return app
+
+
+class APIWebSocketRoute(routing.WebSocketRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+        self.dependant = get_dependant(
+            path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint, scope="function"
+        )
+        for depends in self.dependencies[::-1]:
+            self.dependant.dependencies.insert(
+                0,
+                get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=self.path_format),
+            )
+        self._flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(self.dependant)
+        self._embed_body_fields = _should_embed_body_fields(
+            self._flat_dependant.body_params
+        )
+        self.app = websocket_session(
+            get_websocket_app(
+                dependant=self.dependant,
+                dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+                embed_body_fields=self._embed_body_fields,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
+        if match != Match.NONE:
+            child_scope["route"] = self
+        return match, child_scope
+
+
+_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY = "fastapi"
+_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY = "effective_route_context"
+_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY = "frontend_path"
+_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY = "included_router"
+_effective_route_context_var: ContextVar[Any | None] = ContextVar(
+    "fastapi_effective_route_context", default=None
+)
+_SCOPE_MISSING = object()
+
+
+class _RouteWithPath(Protocol):
+    path: str
+
+
+def _get_fastapi_scope(scope: Scope) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    fastapi_scope = scope.setdefault(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {})
+    assert isinstance(fastapi_scope, dict)
+    return fastapi_scope
+
+
+def _update_scope(scope: Scope, child_scope: Scope) -> None:
+    fastapi_child_scope = child_scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY)
+    for key, value in child_scope.items():
+        if key != _FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY:
+            scope[key] = value
+    if isinstance(fastapi_child_scope, dict):
+        _get_fastapi_scope(scope).update(fastapi_child_scope)
+
+
+def _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope: Scope) -> Any | None:
+    return scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY)
+
+
+def _get_scope_included_router(scope: Scope) -> Any | None:
+    return scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY, {}).get(_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY)
+
+
+def _restore_fastapi_scope_key(scope: Scope, key: str, previous: Any) -> None:
+    fastapi_scope = scope.get(_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY)
+    if not isinstance(fastapi_scope, dict):
+        return
+    if previous is _SCOPE_MISSING:
+        fastapi_scope.pop(key, None)
+    else:
+        fastapi_scope[key] = previous
+
+
+class _APIRouteLike(Protocol):
+    path: str
+    endpoint: Callable[..., Any]
+    stream_item_type: Any | None
+    response_model: Any
+    summary: str | None
+    response_description: str
+    deprecated: bool | None
+    operation_id: str | None
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None
+    response_model_by_alias: bool
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool
+    include_in_schema: bool
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder
+    tags: list[str | Enum]
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
+    name: str
+    path_regex: Any
+    path_format: str
+    param_convertors: dict[str, Any]
+    methods: set[str]
+    unique_id: str
+    status_code: int | None
+    response_field: ModelField | None
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends]
+    description: str
+    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField]
+    dependant: Dependant
+    _flat_dependant: Dependant
+    _embed_body_fields: bool
+    body_field: ModelField | None
+    is_sse_stream: bool
+    is_json_stream: bool
+
+
+def _populate_api_route_state(
+    route: _APIRouteLike,
+    path: str,
+    endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    response_model: Any = Default(None),
+    status_code: int | None = None,
+    tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+    dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+    summary: str | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+    deprecated: bool | None = None,
+    name: str | None = None,
+    methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+    operation_id: str | None = None,
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+    response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+    include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(
+        generate_unique_id
+    ),
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+) -> None:
+    route.path = path
+    route.endpoint = endpoint
+    route.stream_item_type = None
+    if isinstance(response_model, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        return_annotation = get_typed_return_annotation(endpoint)
+        if lenient_issubclass(return_annotation, Response):
+            response_model = None
+        else:
+            stream_item = get_stream_item_type(return_annotation)
+            if stream_item is not None:
+                # Extract item type for JSONL or SSE streaming when
+                # response_class is DefaultPlaceholder (JSONL) or
+                # EventSourceResponse (SSE).
+                # ServerSentEvent is excluded: it's a transport
+                # wrapper, not a data model, so it shouldn't feed
+                # into validation or OpenAPI schema generation.
+                if (
+                    isinstance(response_class, DefaultPlaceholder)
+                    or lenient_issubclass(response_class, EventSourceResponse)
+                ) and not lenient_issubclass(stream_item, ServerSentEvent):
+                    route.stream_item_type = stream_item
+                response_model = None
+            else:
+                response_model = return_annotation
+    route.response_model = response_model
+    route.summary = summary
+    route.response_description = response_description
+    route.deprecated = deprecated
+    route.operation_id = operation_id
+    route.response_model_include = response_model_include
+    route.response_model_exclude = response_model_exclude
+    route.response_model_by_alias = response_model_by_alias
+    route.response_model_exclude_unset = response_model_exclude_unset
+    route.response_model_exclude_defaults = response_model_exclude_defaults
+    route.response_model_exclude_none = response_model_exclude_none
+    route.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+    route.response_class = response_class
+    route.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
+    route.callbacks = callbacks
+    route.openapi_extra = openapi_extra
+    route.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+    route.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
+    route.tags = tags or []
+    route.responses = responses or {}
+    route.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+    route.path_regex, route.path_format, route.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+    if methods is None:
+        methods = ["GET"]
+    route.methods = {method.upper() for method in methods}
+    if isinstance(generate_unique_id_function, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        current_generate_unique_id: Callable[[Any], str] = (
+            generate_unique_id_function.value
+        )
+    else:
+        current_generate_unique_id = generate_unique_id_function
+    route.unique_id = route.operation_id or current_generate_unique_id(route)
+    # normalize enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus
+    if isinstance(status_code, IntEnum):
+        status_code = int(status_code)
+    route.status_code = status_code
+    if route.response_model:
+        assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code), (
+            f"Status code {status_code} must not have a response body"
+        )
+        response_name = "Response_" + route.unique_id
+        route.response_field = create_model_field(
+            name=response_name,
+            type_=route.response_model,
+            mode="serialization",
+        )
+    else:
+        route.response_field = None
+    if route.stream_item_type:
+        stream_item_name = "StreamItem_" + route.unique_id
+        route.stream_item_field = create_model_field(
+            name=stream_item_name,
+            type_=route.stream_item_type,
+            mode="serialization",
+        )
+    else:
+        route.stream_item_field = None
+    route.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
+    route.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(route.endpoint.__doc__ or "")
+    # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text,
+    # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed"
+    route.description = route.description.split("\f")[0].strip()
+    response_fields = {}
+    for additional_status_code, response in route.responses.items():
+        assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict"
+        model = response.get("model")
+        if model:
+            assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code(additional_status_code), (
+                f"Status code {additional_status_code} must not have a response body"
+            )
+            response_name = f"Response_{additional_status_code}_{route.unique_id}"
+            response_field = create_model_field(
+                name=response_name, type_=model, mode="serialization"
+            )
+            response_fields[additional_status_code] = response_field
+    if response_fields:
+        route.response_fields = response_fields
+    else:
+        route.response_fields = {}
+
+    assert callable(endpoint), "An endpoint must be a callable"
+    route.dependant = get_dependant(
+        path=route.path_format, call=route.endpoint, scope="function"
+    )
+    for depends in route.dependencies[::-1]:
+        route.dependant.dependencies.insert(
+            0,
+            get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=route.path_format),
+        )
+    route._flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(route.dependant)
+    route._embed_body_fields = _should_embed_body_fields(
+        route._flat_dependant.body_params
+    )
+    route.body_field = get_body_field(
+        flat_dependant=route._flat_dependant,
+        name=route.unique_id,
+        embed_body_fields=route._embed_body_fields,
+    )
+    # Detect generator endpoints that should stream as JSONL or SSE
+    is_generator = (
+        route.dependant.is_async_gen_callable or route.dependant.is_gen_callable
+    )
+    route.is_sse_stream = is_generator and lenient_issubclass(
+        response_class, EventSourceResponse
+    )
+    route.is_json_stream = is_generator and isinstance(
+        response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
+    )
+
+
+class APIRoute(routing.Route):
+    stream_item_type: Any | None
+    response_model: Any
+    summary: str | None
+    response_description: str
+    deprecated: bool | None
+    operation_id: str | None
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None
+    response_model_by_alias: bool
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool
+    include_in_schema: bool
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder
+    tags: list[str | Enum]
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]
+    unique_id: str
+    status_code: int | None
+    response_field: ModelField | None
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends]
+    description: str
+    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField]
+    dependant: Dependant
+    _flat_dependant: Dependant
+    _embed_body_fields: bool
+    body_field: ModelField | None
+    is_sse_stream: bool
+    is_json_stream: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+        dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[["APIRoute"], str]
+        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+    ) -> None:
+        _populate_api_route_state(
+            cast(_APIRouteLike, self),
+            path,
+            endpoint,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            name=name,
+            methods=methods,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
+        )
+        self.app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())
+
+    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
+        route = cast(_APIRouteLike, self)
+        # TODO: Replace or deprecate this no-scope hook so included-route
+        # effective context can be passed explicitly instead of via ContextVar.
+        effective_context = _effective_route_context_var.get()
+        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
+            route = cast(_APIRouteLike, effective_context)
+        return get_request_handler(
+            dependant=route.dependant,
+            body_field=route.body_field,
+            status_code=route.status_code,
+            response_class=route.response_class,
+            response_field=route.response_field,
+            response_model_include=route.response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=route.response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=route.response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=route.response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=route.response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=route.response_model_exclude_none,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=route.dependency_overrides_provider,
+            embed_body_fields=route._embed_body_fields,
+            strict_content_type=route.strict_content_type,
+            stream_item_field=route.stream_item_field,
+            is_json_stream=route.is_json_stream,
+        )
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
+        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
+            match, child_scope = effective_context.matches(scope)
+        else:
+            match, child_scope = super().matches(scope)
+        if match != Match.NONE:
+            child_scope["route"] = self
+        return match, child_scope
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        effective_context = _get_scope_effective_route_context(scope)
+        if effective_context is not None and effective_context.original_route is self:
+            methods = effective_context.methods
+            if methods and scope["method"] not in methods:
+                headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(methods)}
+                if "app" in scope:
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
+                response = PlainTextResponse(
+                    "Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers
+                )
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+            token = _effective_route_context_var.set(effective_context)
+            try:
+                app = request_response(self.get_route_handler())
+            finally:
+                _effective_route_context_var.reset(token)
+            await app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        await super().handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _RouterIncludeContext:
+    included_router: "APIRouter"
+    prefix: str = ""
+    tags: list[str | Enum] = field(default_factory=list)
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends] = field(default_factory=list)
+    default_response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(JSONResponse)
+    )
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] = field(default_factory=list)
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    include_in_schema: bool = True
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(generate_unique_id)
+    )
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(True)
+    )
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_include(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        parent_router: "APIRouter",
+        included_router: "APIRouter",
+        prefix: str = "",
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        default_response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(
+            JSONResponse
+        ),
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
+        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> "_RouterIncludeContext":
+        return cls(
+            included_router=included_router,
+            prefix=parent_router.prefix + prefix,
+            tags=[*parent_router.tags, *(tags or [])],
+            dependencies=[*parent_router.dependencies, *(dependencies or [])],
+            default_response_class=get_value_or_default(
+                default_response_class, parent_router.default_response_class
+            ),
+            responses={**parent_router.responses, **(responses or {})},
+            callbacks=[*parent_router.callbacks, *(callbacks or [])],
+            deprecated=deprecated or parent_router.deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=parent_router.include_in_schema and include_in_schema,
+            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
+                generate_unique_id_function, parent_router.generate_unique_id_function
+            ),
+            strict_content_type=parent_router.strict_content_type,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=parent_router.dependency_overrides_provider,
+        )
+
+    def combine(
+        self, child_context: "_RouterIncludeContext"
+    ) -> "_RouterIncludeContext":
+        return _RouterIncludeContext(
+            included_router=child_context.included_router,
+            prefix=self.prefix + child_context.prefix,
+            tags=[*self.tags, *child_context.tags],
+            dependencies=[*self.dependencies, *child_context.dependencies],
+            default_response_class=get_value_or_default(
+                child_context.default_response_class, self.default_response_class
+            ),
+            responses={**self.responses, **child_context.responses},
+            callbacks=[*self.callbacks, *child_context.callbacks],
+            deprecated=self.deprecated or child_context.deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=self.include_in_schema
+            and child_context.include_in_schema,
+            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
+                child_context.generate_unique_id_function,
+                self.generate_unique_id_function,
+            ),
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                child_context.strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
+            ),
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
+        )
+
+    def path_for(self, route: _RouteWithPath) -> str:
+        return self.prefix + route.path
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _EffectiveRouteContext:
+    original_route: BaseRoute
+    starlette_route: BaseRoute | None = None
+    path: str = ""
+    endpoint: Callable[..., Any] | None = None
+    stream_item_type: Any | None = None
+    response_model: Any = None
+    summary: str | None = None
+    response_description: str = "Successful Response"
+    deprecated: bool | None = None
+    operation_id: str | None = None
+    response_model_include: IncEx | None = None
+    response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None
+    response_model_by_alias: bool = True
+    response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False
+    response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False
+    response_model_exclude_none: bool = False
+    include_in_schema: bool = True
+    response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(JSONResponse)
+    )
+    dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None
+    callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None
+    openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[Any], str] | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(generate_unique_id)
+    )
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: Default(True)
+    )
+    tags: list[str | Enum] = field(default_factory=list)
+    responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    name: str = ""
+    path_regex: Any = None
+    path_format: str = ""
+    param_convertors: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    methods: set[str] = field(default_factory=set)
+    unique_id: str = ""
+    status_code: int | None = None
+    response_field: ModelField | None = None
+    stream_item_field: ModelField | None = None
+    dependencies: list[params.Depends] = field(default_factory=list)
+    description: str = ""
+    response_fields: dict[int | str, ModelField] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    dependant: Dependant | None = None
+    _flat_dependant: Dependant | None = None
+    _embed_body_fields: bool = False
+    body_field: ModelField | None = None
+    is_sse_stream: bool = False
+    is_json_stream: bool = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_api_route(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        original_route: APIRoute,
+        include_context: _RouterIncludeContext,
+    ) -> "_EffectiveRouteContext":
+        route = cast(_APIRouteLike, original_route)
+        context = cls(original_route=original_route)
+        _populate_api_route_state(
+            cast(_APIRouteLike, context),
+            include_context.path_for(original_route),
+            route.endpoint,
+            response_model=route.response_model,
+            status_code=route.status_code,
+            tags=[*include_context.tags, *route.tags],
+            dependencies=[*include_context.dependencies, *route.dependencies],
+            summary=route.summary,
+            description=route.description,
+            response_description=route.response_description,
+            responses={**include_context.responses, **route.responses},
+            deprecated=route.deprecated or include_context.deprecated,
+            methods=route.methods,
+            operation_id=route.operation_id,
+            response_model_include=route.response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=route.response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=route.response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=route.response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=route.response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=route.response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema
+            and include_context.include_in_schema,
+            response_class=get_value_or_default(
+                route.response_class,
+                include_context.included_router.default_response_class,
+                include_context.default_response_class,
+            ),
+            name=route.name,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=include_context.dependency_overrides_provider,
+            callbacks=[*include_context.callbacks, *(route.callbacks or [])],
+            openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=get_value_or_default(
+                route.generate_unique_id_function,
+                include_context.included_router.generate_unique_id_function,
+                include_context.generate_unique_id_function,
+            ),
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                route.strict_content_type,
+                include_context.included_router.strict_content_type,
+                include_context.strict_content_type,
+            ),
+        )
+        return context
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        if not isinstance(self.original_route, APIRoute):
+            assert self.starlette_route is not None
+            return self.starlette_route.matches(scope)
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+        if not match:
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        matched_params = match.groupdict()
+        for key, value in matched_params.items():
+            matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+        path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+        path_params.update(matched_params)
+        child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
+        methods = self.methods
+        if methods and scope["method"] not in methods:
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
+        return Match.FULL, child_scope
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> Any:
+        if not isinstance(self.original_route, APIRoute):
+            assert self.starlette_route is not None
+            return self.starlette_route.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
+        param_convertors = self.param_convertors
+        expected_params = set(param_convertors.keys())
+        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
+            raise routing.NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+        path, remaining_params = routing.replace_params(
+            self.path_format, param_convertors, path_params
+        )
+        assert not remaining_params
+        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="http")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RouteContext:
+    route: BaseRoute
+    _route_context: _EffectiveRouteContext | None = field(default=None, repr=False)
+
+    @property
+    def original_route(self) -> BaseRoute:
+        if self._route_context is not None:
+            return self._route_context.original_route
+        return self.route
+
+    @property
+    def _effective_route(self) -> BaseRoute | _EffectiveRouteContext:
+        if self._route_context is not None:
+            return self._route_context
+        return self.route
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "path", None)
+
+    @property
+    def path_format(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "path_format", None)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "name", None)
+
+    @property
+    def methods(self) -> set[str] | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "methods", None)
+
+    @property
+    def endpoint(self) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, "endpoint", None)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self._effective_route, name)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _IncludedRouter(BaseRoute):
+    original_router: "APIRouter"
+    include_context: _RouterIncludeContext
+    _effective_candidates: list["_EffectiveRouteContext | _IncludedRouter"] = field(
+        default_factory=list
+    )
+    _effective_candidates_version: int | None = None
+    _effective_low_priority_routes: list["_EffectiveRouteContext"] = field(
+        default_factory=list
+    )
+    _effective_low_priority_routes_version: int | None = None
+
+    def effective_candidates(self) -> list["_EffectiveRouteContext | _IncludedRouter"]:
+        routes_version = self.original_router._get_routes_version()
+        if routes_version == self._effective_candidates_version:
+            return self._effective_candidates
+        self._effective_candidates = []
+        candidates = self.original_router.routes
+        for route in candidates:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                child_context = self.include_context.combine(route.include_context)
+                child_branch = _IncludedRouter(
+                    original_router=route.original_router,
+                    include_context=child_context,
+                )
+                self._effective_candidates.append(child_branch)
+                continue
+            route_context = self._build_effective_context(route)
+            if route_context is not None:
+                self._effective_candidates.append(route_context)
+        self._effective_candidates_version = routes_version
+        return self._effective_candidates
+
+    def effective_low_priority_routes(self) -> list["_EffectiveRouteContext"]:
+        routes_version = self.original_router._get_routes_version()
+        if routes_version == self._effective_low_priority_routes_version:
+            return self._effective_low_priority_routes
+        self._effective_low_priority_routes = []
+        for route in self.original_router._low_priority_routes:
+            route_context = self._build_effective_context(route)
+            if route_context is not None:
+                self._effective_low_priority_routes.append(route_context)
+        for route in self.original_router.routes:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                child_context = self.include_context.combine(route.include_context)
+                child_branch = _IncludedRouter(
+                    original_router=route.original_router,
+                    include_context=child_context,
+                )
+                self._effective_low_priority_routes.extend(
+                    child_branch.effective_low_priority_routes()
+                )
+        self._effective_low_priority_routes_version = routes_version
+        return self._effective_low_priority_routes
+
+    def _build_effective_context(
+        self, route: BaseRoute
+    ) -> _EffectiveRouteContext | None:
+        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext.from_api_route(
+                original_route=route,
+                include_context=self.include_context,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, _FrontendRouteGroup):
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=route.with_prefix(self.include_context.prefix),
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.Route):
+            starlette_route: BaseRoute = routing.Route(
+                self.include_context.path_for(route),
+                endpoint=route.endpoint,
+                methods=list(route.methods or []),
+                name=route.name,
+                include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema,
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, APIWebSocketRoute):
+            starlette_route = APIWebSocketRoute(
+                self.include_context.path_for(route),
+                endpoint=route.endpoint,
+                name=route.name,
+                dependencies=[*self.include_context.dependencies, *route.dependencies],
+                dependency_overrides_provider=(
+                    self.include_context.dependency_overrides_provider
+                ),
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.WebSocketRoute):
+            starlette_route = routing.WebSocketRoute(
+                self.include_context.path_for(route), route.endpoint, name=route.name
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.Mount):
+            starlette_route = copy.copy(route)
+            starlette_route.path = self.include_context.path_for(route).rstrip("/")
+            (
+                starlette_route.path_regex,
+                starlette_route.path_format,
+                starlette_route.param_convertors,
+            ) = compile_path(starlette_route.path + "/{path:path}")
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        if isinstance(route, routing.Host):
+            if self.include_context.prefix:
+                prefixed_app: ASGIApp = routing.Router(
+                    routes=[routing.Mount(self.include_context.prefix, app=route.app)]
+                )
+            else:
+                prefixed_app = route.app
+            starlette_route = routing.Host(
+                route.host, app=prefixed_app, name=route.name
+            )
+            return _EffectiveRouteContext(
+                original_route=route,
+                starlette_route=starlette_route,
+            )
+        return None
+
+    def _match(
+        self, scope: Scope
+    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, BaseRoute | None, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]:
+        partial: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
+        for candidate in self.effective_candidates():
+            if isinstance(candidate, _IncludedRouter):
+                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                route: BaseRoute = candidate
+                route_context = None
+            elif isinstance(candidate.original_route, APIRoute):
+                route_context = candidate
+                fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
+                previous_context = fastapi_scope.get(
+                    _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
+                )
+                fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = route_context
+                try:
+                    match, child_scope = candidate.original_route.matches(scope)
+                finally:
+                    _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
+                        scope, _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, previous_context
+                    )
+                route = candidate.original_route
+            else:
+                route_context = candidate
+                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                route = candidate.starlette_route or candidate.original_route
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                return match, child_scope, route, route_context
+            if match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
+                partial = (child_scope, route, route_context)
+        if partial is not None:
+            child_scope, route, route_context = partial
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route, route_context
+        return Match.NONE, {}, None, None
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
+        previous_router = fastapi_scope.get(
+            _FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
+        )
+        fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY] = self
+        try:
+            match, _ = self.original_router.matches(scope)
+            return match, {}
+        finally:
+            _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
+                scope, _FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY, previous_router
+            )
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_INCLUDED_ROUTER_KEY] = self
+        await self.original_router.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def _handle_selected(
+        self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send
+    ) -> None:
+        match, child_scope, route, effective_context = self._match(scope)
+        if match == Match.NONE or route is None:
+            await self.original_router.default(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        scope.update(child_scope)
+        if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+            await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        if effective_context is not None:
+            _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = (
+                effective_context
+            )
+            original_route = effective_context.original_route
+            if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
+                scope["route"] = original_route
+                await original_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+        await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def effective_route_contexts(self) -> Iterator[_EffectiveRouteContext]:
+        for candidate in self.effective_candidates():
+            if isinstance(candidate, _IncludedRouter):
+                yield from candidate.effective_route_contexts()
+            else:
+                yield candidate
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> Any:
+        for route_context in self.effective_route_contexts():
+            try:
+                return route_context.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+            except routing.NoMatchFound:
+                pass
+        raise routing.NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+
+def _iter_included_route_candidates(routes: Sequence[BaseRoute]) -> Iterator[BaseRoute]:
+    for route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context(routes):
+        if route_context is not None and route_context.starlette_route is not None:
+            yield route_context.starlette_route
+        else:
+            yield route
+
+
+def iter_route_contexts(
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute | RouteContext],
+) -> Iterator[RouteContext]:
+    for route in routes:
+        if isinstance(route, RouteContext):
+            yield route
+            continue
+        for original_route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context([route]):
+            if route_context is None:
+                yield RouteContext(original_route)
+            else:
+                yield RouteContext(original_route, route_context)
+
+
+def _iter_routes_with_context(
+    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute],
+) -> Iterator[tuple[BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]]:
+    for route in routes:
+        if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+            for route_context in route.effective_route_contexts():
+                yield route_context.original_route, route_context
+        else:
+            yield route, None
+
+
+def _normalize_frontend_path(path: str) -> str:
+    if not path:
+        raise AssertionError("A frontend path cannot be empty")
+    if not path.startswith("/"):
+        raise AssertionError("A frontend path must start with '/'")
+    if path != "/":
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+    return path
+
+
+def _join_frontend_paths(prefix: str, path: str) -> str:
+    if not prefix:
+        return path
+    if path == "/":
+        return prefix
+    return prefix + path
+
+
+def _frontend_path_specificity(path: str) -> int:
+    if path == "/":
+        return 0
+    return len(path)
+
+
+def _get_resolved_absolute_path(path: str | os.PathLike[str]) -> str:
+    return os.path.realpath(os.fspath(path))
+
+
+class _FrontendStaticFiles(StaticFiles):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.fallback = fallback
+        if check_dir and not os.path.isdir(directory):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Frontend directory '{directory}' does not exist. "
+                f"Resolved absolute path: '{_get_resolved_absolute_path(directory)}'"
+            )
+        super().__init__(
+            directory=directory,
+            html=True,
+            check_dir=check_dir,
+            follow_symlink=False,
+        )
+        if check_dir and fallback in {"index.html", "404.html"}:
+            self._check_fallback_file(fallback)
+
+    def _check_fallback_file(self, fallback: str) -> None:
+        _, stat_result = self.lookup_path(fallback)
+        if stat_result is None or not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Frontend fallback file '{fallback}' does not exist in "
+                f"directory '{self.directory}'. Resolved absolute directory: "
+                f"'{self._get_resolved_directory()}'"
+            )
+
+    def _get_resolved_directory(self) -> str:
+        assert self.directory is not None
+        return _get_resolved_absolute_path(self.directory)
+
+    def get_path(self, scope: Scope) -> str:
+        path = _get_fastapi_scope(scope).get(_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY, "")
+        assert isinstance(path, str)
+        return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*path.split("/")))
+
+    async def get_response(self, path: str, scope: Scope) -> Response:
+        if scope["method"] not in ("GET", "HEAD"):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=405)
+
+        try:
+            full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(self.lookup_path, path)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=401) from None
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=404) from None
+            raise exc
+        except ValueError:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404) from None
+
+        if stat_result and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        if stat_result and stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode):
+            index_path = os.path.join(path, "index.html")
+            full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(
+                self.lookup_path, index_path
+            )
+            if stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+                if not scope["path"].endswith("/"):
+                    url = URL(scope=scope)
+                    url = url.replace(path=url.path + "/")
+                    return RedirectResponse(url=url)
+                return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        if self.fallback == "404.html" or (
+            self.fallback == "auto" and self._fallback_file_exists("404.html")
+        ):
+            return await self._fallback_response("404.html", scope, status_code=404)
+
+        if (
+            self.fallback == "index.html"
+            or (self.fallback == "auto" and self._fallback_file_exists("index.html"))
+        ) and _is_frontend_navigation_request(scope):
+            return await self._fallback_response("index.html", scope, status_code=200)
+
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+    def _fallback_file_exists(self, fallback: str) -> bool:
+        _, stat_result = self.lookup_path(fallback)
+        return stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode)
+
+    async def _fallback_response(
+        self, fallback: str, scope: Scope, *, status_code: int
+    ) -> Response:
+        full_path, stat_result = await run_in_threadpool(self.lookup_path, fallback)
+        if stat_result is None or not stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Frontend fallback file '{fallback}' does not exist in "
+                f"directory '{self.directory}'. Resolved absolute directory: "
+                f"'{self._get_resolved_directory()}'"
+            )
+        return self.file_response(
+            full_path, stat_result, scope, status_code=status_code
+        )
+
+
+def _iter_accept_media_types(accept: str) -> Iterator[tuple[str, float]]:
+    for raw_value in accept.split(","):
+        message = email.message.Message()
+        message["content-type"] = raw_value.strip()
+        q = message.get_param("q")
+        quality = 1.0
+        if isinstance(q, str):
+            try:
+                quality = float(q)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        yield (
+            f"{message.get_content_maintype()}/{message.get_content_subtype()}",
+            quality,
+        )
+
+
+def _is_frontend_navigation_request(scope: Scope) -> bool:
+    route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+    final_segment = route_path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    if os.path.splitext(final_segment)[1]:
+        return False
+    request = Request(scope)
+    wildcard_accepted = False
+    html_rejected = False
+    for media_type, quality in _iter_accept_media_types(
+        request.headers.get("accept", "")
+    ):
+        if media_type in {"text/html", "application/xhtml+xml"}:
+            if quality == 0:
+                html_rejected = True
+            else:
+                return True
+        elif media_type == "*/*" and quality != 0:
+            wildcard_accepted = True
+    return wildcard_accepted and not html_rejected
+
+
+class _FrontendRoute(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None = "auto",
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if fallback not in {"auto", "index.html", "404.html", None}:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                "fallback must be 'auto', 'index.html', '404.html', or None"
+            )
+        self.path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
+        self.methods = {"GET", "HEAD"}
+        self.app = _FrontendStaticFiles(
+            directory=directory, fallback=fallback, check_dir=check_dir
+        )
+
+    def with_path(self, path: str) -> "_FrontendRoute":
+        route = copy.copy(self)
+        route.path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
+        return route
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        frontend_path = self._get_frontend_path(get_route_path(scope))
+        if frontend_path is None:
+            return Match.NONE, {}
+        child_scope = {_FASTAPI_SCOPE_KEY: {_FASTAPI_FRONTEND_PATH_KEY: frontend_path}}
+        if scope["method"] not in self.methods:
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
+        return Match.FULL, child_scope
+
+    def _get_frontend_path(self, route_path: str) -> str | None:
+        if self.path == "/":
+            return route_path.lstrip("/")
+        if route_path == self.path:
+            return ""
+        prefix = self.path + "/"
+        if route_path.startswith(prefix):
+            return route_path[len(prefix) :]
+        return None
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+
+class _FrontendRouteGroup(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.routes: list[_FrontendRoute] = []
+
+    def add_frontend_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        directory: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        fallback: Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None = "auto",
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.routes.append(
+            _FrontendRoute(
+                path,
+                directory=directory,
+                fallback=fallback,
+                check_dir=check_dir,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def with_prefix(self, prefix: str) -> "_FrontendRouteGroup":
+        route_group = copy.copy(self)
+        route_group.routes = [
+            route.with_path(_join_frontend_paths(prefix, route.path))
+            for route in self.routes
+        ]
+        return route_group
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        match, child_scope, _ = self._match(scope)
+        return match, child_scope
+
+    def _match(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope, _FrontendRoute | None]:
+        full: tuple[Scope, _FrontendRoute] | None = None
+        partial: tuple[Scope, _FrontendRoute] | None = None
+        for route in self.routes:
+            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                if full is None or _frontend_path_specificity(
+                    route.path
+                ) > _frontend_path_specificity(full[1].path):
+                    full = (child_scope, route)
+            elif match == Match.PARTIAL:
+                if partial is None or _frontend_path_specificity(
+                    route.path
+                ) > _frontend_path_specificity(partial[1].path):
+                    partial = (child_scope, route)
+        if full is not None:
+            child_scope, route = full
+            return Match.FULL, child_scope, route
+        if partial is not None:
+            child_scope, route = partial
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route
+        return Match.NONE, {}, None
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        match, child_scope, route = self._match(scope)
+        if match == Match.NONE or route is None:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+        _update_scope(scope, child_scope)
+        await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+
+class APIRouter(routing.Router):
+    """
+    `APIRouter` class, used to group *path operations*, for example to structure
+    an app in multiple files. It would then be included in the `FastAPI` app, or
+    in another `APIRouter` (ultimately included in the app).
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+    router = APIRouter()
+
+
+    @router.get("/users/", tags=["users"])
+    async def read_users():
+        return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}]
+
+
+    app.include_router(router)
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
+                *path operations* in this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default response class to be used.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        routes: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                ---
+
+                A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
+                """
+            ),
+            deprecated(
+                """
+                You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited
+                from Starlette and supported for compatibility.
+
+                In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*,
+                like `router.get()`, `router.post()`, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        redirect_slashes: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't
+                use the same format.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        default: Annotated[
+            ASGIApp | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Default function handler for this router. Used to handle
+                404 Not Found errors.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependency_overrides_provider: Annotated[
+            Any | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Only used internally by FastAPI to handle dependency overrides.
+
+                You shouldn't need to use it. It normally points to the `FastAPI` app
+                object.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        route_class: Annotated[
+            type[APIRoute],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom route (*path operation*) class to be used by this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Request and APIRoute class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-request-and-route/#custom-apiroute-class-in-a-router).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = APIRoute,
+        on_startup: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of startup event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        on_shutdown: Annotated[
+            Sequence[Callable[[], Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of shutdown event handler functions.
+
+                You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        # the generic to Lifespan[AppType] is the type of the top level application
+        # which the router cannot know statically, so we use typing.Any
+        lifespan: Annotated[
+            Lifespan[Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and
+                `shutdown` functions with a single context manager.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                To include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
+                generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
+
+                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
+                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
+
+                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
+                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
+                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
+                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
+
+                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
+                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
+                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(True),
+    ) -> None:
+        # Determine the lifespan context to use
+        if lifespan is None:
+            # Use the default lifespan that runs on_startup/on_shutdown handlers
+            lifespan_context: Lifespan[Any] = _DefaultLifespan(self)
+        elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(lifespan):
+            lifespan_context = asynccontextmanager(lifespan)
+        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(lifespan):
+            lifespan_context = _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(lifespan)
+        else:
+            lifespan_context = lifespan
+        self.lifespan_context = lifespan_context
+
+        super().__init__(
+            routes=routes,
+            redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
+            default=default,
+            lifespan=lifespan_context,
+        )
+        if prefix:
+            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
+            assert not prefix.endswith("/"), (
+                "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
+            )
+
+        # Handle on_startup/on_shutdown locally since Starlette removed support
+        # Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        # TODO: deprecate this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+        self.on_startup: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
+            [] if on_startup is None else list(on_startup)
+        )
+        self.on_shutdown: list[Callable[[], Any]] = (
+            [] if on_shutdown is None else list(on_shutdown)
+        )
+
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.tags: list[str | Enum] = tags or []
+        self.dependencies = list(dependencies or [])
+        self.deprecated = deprecated
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+        self.responses = responses or {}
+        self.callbacks = callbacks or []
+        self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider
+        self.route_class = route_class
+        self.default_response_class = default_response_class
+        self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+        self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
+        self._routes_version = 0
+        self._low_priority_routes: list[BaseRoute] = []
+        self._frontend_routes: _FrontendRouteGroup | None = None
+
+    def _mark_routes_changed(self) -> None:
+        self._routes_version += 1
+
+    def _get_routes_version(self, seen: set[int] | None = None) -> int:
+        if seen is None:
+            seen = set()
+        router_id = id(self)
+        if router_id in seen:
+            return self._routes_version
+        seen.add(router_id)
+        version = self._routes_version
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                version += route.original_router._get_routes_version(seen)
+        return version
+
+    def _contains_router(
+        self, router: "APIRouter", seen: set[int] | None = None
+    ) -> bool:
+        if seen is None:
+            seen = set()
+        router_id = id(self)
+        if router_id in seen:
+            return False
+        seen.add(router_id)
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if not isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                continue
+            if route.original_router is router:
+                return True
+            if route.original_router._contains_router(router, seen):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().add_route(
+            path,
+            endpoint,
+            methods=methods,
+            name=name,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        )
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def add_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+        name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().add_websocket_route(path, endpoint, name=name)
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def frontend(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path prefix where the frontend build should be served.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        directory: Annotated[
+            str | os.PathLike[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The directory containing the static frontend build output.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        fallback: Annotated[
+            Literal["auto", "index.html", "404.html"] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The fallback file behavior for missing frontend paths.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "auto",
+        check_dir: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Check that the frontend directory exists when the app is created.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Serve a static frontend build as low-priority routes.
+
+        Use this for frontend tools that build static files into a directory,
+        such as `dist`. **FastAPI** path operations are checked first, and
+        the frontend files are checked only if no normal route matched.
+
+        A typical project could look like this:
+
+        ```text
+        .
+        ├── pyproject.toml
+        ├── app
+        │   ├── __init__.py
+        │   └── main.py
+        └── dist
+            ├── index.html
+            └── assets
+                └── app.js
+        ```
+
+        Then in `app/main.py`:
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+        router.frontend("/", directory="dist")
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        normalized_path = _normalize_frontend_path(path)
+        if self._frontend_routes is None:
+            self._frontend_routes = _FrontendRouteGroup()
+            self._low_priority_routes.append(self._frontend_routes)
+        self._frontend_routes.add_frontend_route(
+            _join_frontend_paths(self.prefix, normalized_path),
+            directory=directory,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            check_dir=check_dir,
+        )
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    async def app(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket", "lifespan")
+
+        if "router" not in scope:
+            scope["router"] = self
+
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            await self.lifespan(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        partial: tuple[BaseRoute, Scope] | None = None
+        for route in self.routes:
+            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                scope.update(child_scope)
+                await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+            if match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
+                partial = (route, child_scope)
+
+        if partial is not None:
+            route, child_scope = partial
+            scope.update(child_scope)
+            await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        if scope["type"] == "http" and self.redirect_slashes and route_path != "/":
+            redirect_scope = dict(scope)
+            if route_path.endswith("/"):
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"].rstrip("/")
+            else:
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"] + "/"
+
+            for route in self.routes:
+                match, _ = route.matches(redirect_scope)
+                if match != Match.NONE:
+                    redirect_url = URL(scope=redirect_scope)
+                    response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
+                    await response(scope, receive, send)
+                    return
+
+        (
+            low_priority_match,
+            low_priority_scope,
+            low_priority_route,
+            low_priority_context,
+        ) = self._match_low_priority(scope)
+        if low_priority_match != Match.NONE and low_priority_route is not None:
+            _update_scope(scope, low_priority_scope)
+            if low_priority_context is not None:
+                _get_fastapi_scope(scope)[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = (
+                    low_priority_context
+                )
+                original_route = low_priority_context.original_route
+                if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
+                    scope["route"] = original_route
+                    await original_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                    return
+            await low_priority_route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        await self.default(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        included_router = _get_scope_included_router(scope)
+        if (
+            isinstance(included_router, _IncludedRouter)
+            and included_router.original_router is self
+        ):
+            await included_router._handle_selected(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        included_router = _get_scope_included_router(scope)
+        if (
+            isinstance(included_router, _IncludedRouter)
+            and included_router.original_router is self
+        ):
+            match, child_scope, _, _ = included_router._match(scope)
+            return match, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def _iter_low_priority_routes(
+        self,
+    ) -> Iterator[BaseRoute | _EffectiveRouteContext]:
+        yield from self._low_priority_routes
+        for route in self.routes:
+            if isinstance(route, _IncludedRouter):
+                yield from route.effective_low_priority_routes()
+
+    def _match_low_priority(
+        self, scope: Scope
+    ) -> tuple[Match, Scope, BaseRoute | None, _EffectiveRouteContext | None]:
+        full: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
+        partial: tuple[Scope, BaseRoute, _EffectiveRouteContext | None] | None = None
+        for candidate in self._iter_low_priority_routes():
+            route: BaseRoute
+            if isinstance(candidate, _EffectiveRouteContext):
+                route_context: _EffectiveRouteContext | None = candidate
+                original_route = candidate.original_route
+                if isinstance(original_route, APIRoute):
+                    fastapi_scope = _get_fastapi_scope(scope)
+                    previous_context = fastapi_scope.get(
+                        _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY, _SCOPE_MISSING
+                    )
+                    fastapi_scope[_FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY] = route_context
+                    try:
+                        match, child_scope = original_route.matches(scope)
+                    finally:
+                        _restore_fastapi_scope_key(
+                            scope,
+                            _FASTAPI_EFFECTIVE_ROUTE_CONTEXT_KEY,
+                            previous_context,
+                        )
+                    route = original_route
+                else:
+                    match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                    route = candidate.starlette_route or original_route
+            else:
+                route_context = None
+                match, child_scope = candidate.matches(scope)
+                route = candidate
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                if full is None:
+                    full = (child_scope, route, route_context)
+            elif match == Match.PARTIAL:
+                if partial is None:
+                    partial = (child_scope, route, route_context)
+        if full is not None:
+            child_scope, route, route_context = full
+            return Match.FULL, child_scope, route, route_context
+        if partial is not None:
+            child_scope, route, route_context = partial
+            return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope, route, route_context
+        return Match.NONE, {}, None, None
+
+    def route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                methods=methods,
+                name=name,
+                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: set[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        route_class_override: type[APIRoute] | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
+        | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
+    ) -> None:
+        route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class
+        responses = responses or {}
+        combined_responses = {**self.responses, **responses}
+        current_response_class = get_value_or_default(
+            response_class, self.default_response_class
+        )
+        current_tags = self.tags.copy()
+        if tags:
+            current_tags.extend(tags)
+        current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy()
+        if dependencies:
+            current_dependencies.extend(dependencies)
+        current_callbacks = self.callbacks.copy()
+        if callbacks:
+            current_callbacks.extend(callbacks)
+        current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default(
+            generate_unique_id_function, self.generate_unique_id_function
+        )
+        route = route_class(
+            self.prefix + path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=current_tags,
+            dependencies=current_dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=combined_responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated or self.deprecated,
+            methods=methods,
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema and self.include_in_schema,
+            response_class=current_response_class,
+            name=name,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
+            callbacks=current_callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
+            ),
+        )
+        self.routes.append(route)
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def api_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        response_model: Any = Default(None),
+        status_code: int | None = None,
+        tags: list[str | Enum] | None = None,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+        summary: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
+        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
+        deprecated: bool | None = None,
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        operation_id: str | None = None,
+        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: bool = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        response_class: type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: str | None = None,
+        callbacks: list[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default(
+            generate_unique_id
+        ),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_api_route(
+                path,
+                func,
+                response_model=response_model,
+                status_code=status_code,
+                tags=tags,
+                dependencies=dependencies,
+                summary=summary,
+                description=description,
+                response_description=response_description,
+                responses=responses,
+                deprecated=deprecated,
+                methods=methods,
+                operation_id=operation_id,
+                response_model_include=response_model_include,
+                response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+                response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+                response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+                response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+                response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+                include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+                response_class=response_class,
+                name=name,
+                callbacks=callbacks,
+                openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+                generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_api_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Sequence[params.Depends] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy()
+        if dependencies:
+            current_dependencies.extend(dependencies)
+
+        route = APIWebSocketRoute(
+            self.prefix + path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            name=name,
+            dependencies=current_dependencies,
+            dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
+        )
+        self.routes.append(route)
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+
+    def websocket(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                WebSocket path.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        *,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this
+                WebSocket.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Decorate a WebSocket function.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+        **Example**
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, WebSocket
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.websocket("/ws")
+        async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
+            await websocket.accept()
+            while True:
+                data = await websocket.receive_text()
+                await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_api_websocket_route(
+                path, func, name=name, dependencies=dependencies
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def websocket_route(
+        self, path: str, name: str | None = None
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def include_router(
+        self,
+        router: Annotated["APIRouter", Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")],
+        *,
+        prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "",
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the
+                *path operations* in this router.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        default_response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default response class to be used.
+
+                Read more in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/).
+
+                And in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this
+                router.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the
+                generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Include another `APIRouter` in the same current `APIRouter`.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        internal_router = APIRouter()
+        users_router = APIRouter()
+
+        @users_router.get("/users/")
+        def read_users():
+            return [{"name": "Rick"}, {"name": "Morty"}]
+
+        internal_router.include_router(users_router)
+        app.include_router(internal_router)
+        ```
+        """
+        assert self is not router, (
+            "Cannot include the same APIRouter instance into itself. "
+            "Did you mean to include a different router?"
+        )
+        assert not router._contains_router(self), (
+            "Cannot include an APIRouter instance that already includes this router. "
+            "Did you mean to include a different router?"
+        )
+        if prefix:
+            assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
+            assert not prefix.endswith("/"), (
+                "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'"
+            )
+        else:
+            for route, route_context in _iter_routes_with_context(router.routes):
+                if route_context is None:
+                    path = getattr(route, "path", None)
+                    name = getattr(route, "name", "unknown")
+                elif route_context.starlette_route is not None:
+                    path = getattr(route_context.starlette_route, "path", None)
+                    name = getattr(route_context.starlette_route, "name", "unknown")
+                else:
+                    path = route_context.path
+                    name = route_context.name
+                if path is not None and not path:
+                    raise FastAPIError(
+                        f"Prefix and path cannot be both empty (path operation: {name})"
+                    )
+        include_context = _RouterIncludeContext.for_include(
+            parent_router=self,
+            included_router=router,
+            prefix=prefix,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            default_response_class=default_response_class,
+            responses=responses,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+        self.routes.append(
+            _IncludedRouter(original_router=router, include_context=include_context)
+        )
+        self._mark_routes_changed()
+        for handler in router.on_startup:
+            self.add_event_handler("startup", handler)
+        for handler in router.on_shutdown:
+            self.add_event_handler("shutdown", handler)
+        self.lifespan_context = _merge_lifespan_context(
+            self.lifespan_context,
+            router.lifespan_context,
+        )
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.get("/items/")
+        def read_items():
+            return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}]
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["GET"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.put("/items/{item_id}")
+        def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["PUT"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.post("/items/")
+        def create_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item created"}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["POST"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.delete("/items/{item_id}")
+        def delete_item(item_id: str):
+            return {"message": "Item deleted"}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["DELETE"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.options("/items/")
+        def get_item_options():
+            return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["OPTIONS"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.head("/items/", status_code=204)
+        def get_items_headers(response: Response):
+            response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world"
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["HEAD"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.patch("/items/")
+        def update_item(item: Item):
+            return {"message": "Item updated in place"}
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["PATCH"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    def trace(
+        self,
+        path: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL path to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *,
+        response_model: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type to use for the response.
+
+                It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to
+                be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`,
+                etc.
+
+                It will be used for:
+
+                * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will
+                    show it as the response (JSON Schema).
+                * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the
+                    `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the
+                    corresponding JSON.
+                * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data
+                    (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object
+                    that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does
+                    not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have
+                    that `password`.
+                * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the
+                    `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the
+                    corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not
+                    valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client,
+                    so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an
+                    error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(None),
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The default status code to be used for the response.
+
+                You could override the status code by returning a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        tags: Annotated[
+            list[str | Enum] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        dependencies: Annotated[
+            Sequence[params.Depends] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the
+                *path operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        summary: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A summary for the *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A description for the *path operation*.
+
+                If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring
+                of the *path operation function*.
+
+                It can contain Markdown.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_description: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The description for the default response.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "Successful Response",
+        responses: Annotated[
+            dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        deprecated: Annotated[
+            bool | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Mark this *path operation* as deprecated.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        operation_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*.
+
+                By default, it is generated automatically.
+
+                If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is
+                unique for the whole API.
+
+                You can customize the
+                operation ID generation with the parameter
+                `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_include: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_exclude: Annotated[
+            IncEx | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the
+                response data.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        response_model_by_alias: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model
+                should be serialized by alias when an alias is used.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and
+                have their default values. This is different from
+                `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set,
+                they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same
+                as the default.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data
+                should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value
+                as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values,
+                they will be excluded from the response.
+
+                When `True`, default values are omitted from the response.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
+                exclude fields set to `None`.
+
+                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
+                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
+                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
+                when it makes sense.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = False,
+        include_in_schema: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema.
+
+                This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-parameters-from-openapi).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        response_class: Annotated[
+            type[Response],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Response class to be used for this *path operation*.
+
+                This will not be used if you return a response directly.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(JSONResponse),
+        name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        callbacks: Annotated[
+            list[BaseRoute] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks.
+
+                This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used
+                directly.
+
+                It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        openapi_extra: Annotated[
+            dict[str, Any] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path
+                operation*.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[
+            Callable[[APIRoute], str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path
+                operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI.
+
+                This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or
+                SDKs for your API.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation.
+
+        ## Example
+
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+            description: str | None = None
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        router = APIRouter()
+
+        @router.trace("/items/{item_id}")
+        def trace_item(item_id: str):
+            return None
+
+        app.include_router(router)
+        ```
+        """
+        return self.api_route(
+            path=path,
+            response_model=response_model,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            tags=tags,
+            dependencies=dependencies,
+            summary=summary,
+            description=description,
+            response_description=response_description,
+            responses=responses,
+            deprecated=deprecated,
+            methods=["TRACE"],
+            operation_id=operation_id,
+            response_model_include=response_model_include,
+            response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude,
+            response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias,
+            response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset,
+            response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults,
+            response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+            response_class=response_class,
+            name=name,
+            callbacks=callbacks,
+            openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
+            generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+        )
+
+    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+    async def _startup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run any `.on_startup` event handlers.
+
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
+        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.
+
+        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        """
+        for handler in self.on_startup:
+            if is_async_callable(handler):
+                await handler()
+            else:
+                handler()
+
+    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+    async def _shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run any `.on_shutdown` event handlers.
+
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
+        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.
+
+        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        """
+        for handler in self.on_shutdown:
+            if is_async_callable(handler):
+                await handler()
+            else:
+                handler()
+
+    # TODO: remove this once the lifespan (or alternative) interface is improved
+    def add_event_handler(
+        self,
+        event_type: str,
+        func: Callable[[], Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Add an event handler function for startup or shutdown.
+
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility after Starlette removed
+        support for on_startup/on_shutdown handlers.
+
+        Ref: https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/pull/3117
+        """
+        assert event_type in ("startup", "shutdown")
+        if event_type == "startup":
+            self.on_startup.append(func)
+        else:
+            self.on_shutdown.append(func)
+
+    @deprecated(
+        """
+        on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+        """
+    )
+    def on_event(
+        self,
+        event_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]:
+        """
+        Add an event handler for the router.
+
+        `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated).
+        """
+
+        def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable:
+            self.add_event_handler(event_type, func)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aa6bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .api_key import APIKeyCookie as APIKeyCookie
+from .api_key import APIKeyHeader as APIKeyHeader
+from .api_key import APIKeyQuery as APIKeyQuery
+from .http import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials as HTTPAuthorizationCredentials
+from .http import HTTPBasic as HTTPBasic
+from .http import HTTPBasicCredentials as HTTPBasicCredentials
+from .http import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearer
+from .http import HTTPDigest as HTTPDigest
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2 as OAuth2
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer as OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2PasswordBearer as OAuth2PasswordBearer
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm as OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict as OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict
+from .oauth2 import SecurityScopes as SecurityScopes
+from .open_id_connect_url import OpenIdConnect as OpenIdConnect
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/api_key.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/api_key.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83a4585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/api_key.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.openapi.models import APIKey, APIKeyIn
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase):
+    model: APIKey
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        location: APIKeyIn,
+        name: str,
+        description: str | None,
+        scheme_name: str | None,
+        auto_error: bool,
+    ):
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+        self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
+            **{"in": location},  # ty: ignore[invalid-argument-type]
+            name=name,
+            description=description,
+        )
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        """
+        The WWW-Authenticate header is not standardized for API Key authentication but
+        the HTTP specification requires that an error of 401 "Unauthorized" must
+        include a WWW-Authenticate header.
+
+        Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9110#name-401-unauthorized
+
+        For this, this method sends a custom challenge `APIKey`.
+        """
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "APIKey"},
+        )
+
+    def check_api_key(self, api_key: str | None) -> str | None:
+        if not api_key:
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            return None
+        return api_key
+
+
+class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a query parameter.
+
+    This defines the name of the query parameter that should be provided in the request
+    with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the query parameter automatically and provides it as the
+    dependency result. But it doesn't define how to send that API key to the client.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    query_scheme = APIKeyQuery(name="api_key")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(api_key: str = Depends(query_scheme)):
+        return {"api_key": api_key}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc("Query parameter name."),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the query parameter is not provided, `APIKeyQuery` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the query parameter is not
+                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be
+                `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query
+                parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            location=APIKeyIn.query,
+            name=name,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        api_key = request.query_params.get(self.model.name)
+        return self.check_api_key(api_key)
+
+
+class APIKeyHeader(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a header.
+
+    This defines the name of the header that should be provided in the request with
+    the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the header automatically and provides it as the dependency
+    result. But it doesn't define how to send that key to the client.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    header_scheme = APIKeyHeader(name="x-key")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(key: str = Depends(header_scheme)):
+        return {"key": key}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: Annotated[str, Doc("Header name.")],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the header is not provided, `APIKeyHeader` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the header is not available,
+                instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a header or
+                in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            location=APIKeyIn.header,
+            name=name,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        api_key = request.headers.get(self.model.name)
+        return self.check_api_key(api_key)
+
+
+class APIKeyCookie(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a cookie.
+
+    This defines the name of the cookie that should be provided in the request with
+    the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the cookie automatically and provides it as the dependency
+    result. But it doesn't define how to set that cookie.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    cookie_scheme = APIKeyCookie(name="session")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(session: str = Depends(cookie_scheme)):
+        return {"session": session}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: Annotated[str, Doc("Cookie name.")],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the cookie is not provided, `APIKeyCookie` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the cookie is not available,
+                instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a cookie or
+                in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            location=APIKeyIn.cookie,
+            name=name,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        api_key = request.cookies.get(self.model.name)
+        return self.check_api_key(api_key)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43555d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from fastapi.openapi.models import SecurityBase as SecurityBaseModel
+
+
+class SecurityBase:
+    model: SecurityBaseModel
+    scheme_name: str
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/http.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a32948e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+import binascii
+from base64 import b64decode
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
+from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel
+from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class HTTPBasicCredentials(BaseModel):
+    """
+    The HTTP Basic credentials given as the result of using `HTTPBasic` in a
+    dependency.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
+    """
+
+    username: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic username.")]
+    password: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic password.")]
+
+
+class HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(BaseModel):
+    """
+    The HTTP authorization credentials in the result of using `HTTPBearer` or
+    `HTTPDigest` in a dependency.
+
+    The HTTP authorization header value is split by the first space.
+
+    The first part is the `scheme`, the second part is the `credentials`.
+
+    For example, in an HTTP Bearer token scheme, the client will send a header
+    like:
+
+    ```
+    Authorization: Bearer deadbeef12346
+    ```
+
+    In this case:
+
+    * `scheme` will have the value `"Bearer"`
+    * `credentials` will have the value `"deadbeef12346"`
+    """
+
+    scheme: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTTP authorization scheme extracted from the header value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ]
+    credentials: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTTP authorization credentials extracted from the header value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
+    model: HTTPBaseModel
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        scheme_name: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        auto_error: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme=scheme, description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_authenticate_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"WWW-Authenticate": f"{self.model.scheme.title()}"}
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers=self.make_authenticate_headers(),
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not (authorization and scheme and credentials):
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(scheme=scheme, credentials=credentials)
+
+
+class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Basic authentication.
+
+    Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPBasicCredentials` object containing the
+    `username` and the `password`.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]):
+        return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        realm: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                HTTP Basic authentication realm.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Basic authentication is not provided (a
+                header), `HTTPBasic` will automatically cancel the request and send the
+                client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Basic authentication
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic
+                authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="basic", description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.realm = realm
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_authenticate_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        if self.realm:
+            return {"WWW-Authenticate": f'Basic realm="{self.realm}"'}
+        return {"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}
+
+    async def __call__(  # type: ignore
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> HTTPBasicCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "basic":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        try:
+            data = b64decode(param).decode("ascii")
+        except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError, binascii.Error) as e:
+            raise self.make_not_authenticated_error() from e
+        username, separator, password = data.partition(":")
+        if not separator:
+            raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+        return HTTPBasicCredentials(username=username, password=password)
+
+
+class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Bearer token authentication.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing
+    the `scheme` and the `credentials`.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPBearer()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(
+        credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
+    ):
+        return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        bearerFormat: Annotated[str | None, Doc("Bearer token format.")] = None,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Bearer token is not provided (in an
+                `Authorization` header), `HTTPBearer` will automatically cancel the
+                request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Bearer token
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in an HTTP
+                Bearer token or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBearerModel(bearerFormat=bearerFormat, description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not (authorization and scheme and credentials):
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        if scheme.lower() != "bearer":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(scheme=scheme, credentials=credentials)
+
+
+class HTTPDigest(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Digest authentication.
+
+    **Warning**: this is only a stub to connect the components with OpenAPI in FastAPI,
+    but it doesn't implement the full Digest scheme, you would need to subclass it
+    and implement it in your code.
+
+    Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7616
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing
+    the `scheme` and the `credentials`.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPDigest
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPDigest()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(
+        credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
+    ):
+        return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Digest is not provided, `HTTPDigest` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Digest is not
+                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP
+                Digest or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="digest", description=description)
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not (authorization and scheme and credentials):
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        if scheme.lower() != "digest":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(scheme=scheme, credentials=credentials)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/oauth2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fd9e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+from typing import Annotated, Any, cast
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuth2 as OAuth2Model
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuthFlows as OAuthFlowsModel
+from fastapi.param_functions import Form
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm:
+    """
+    This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data
+    for an OAuth2 password flow.
+
+    The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be
+    collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific
+    fields `username` and `password`.
+
+    All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/login")
+    def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]):
+        data = {}
+        data["scopes"] = []
+        for scope in form_data.scopes:
+            data["scopes"].append(scope)
+        if form_data.client_id:
+            data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
+        if form_data.client_secret:
+            data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
+        return data
+    ```
+
+    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
+    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon characters (`:`) or
+    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
+    group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just
+    know that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        grant_type: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(pattern="^password$"),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
+                "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and
+                allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the
+                `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` dependency.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        username: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `username`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        password: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(json_schema_extra={"format": "password"}),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `password`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scope: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
+                scope is also a string.
+
+                For example, a single string with:
+
+                ```python
+                "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+                ````
+
+                would represent the scopes:
+
+                * `items:read`
+                * `items:write`
+                * `users:read`
+                * `profile`
+                * `openid`
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        client_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
+                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
+                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        client_secret: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(json_schema_extra={"format": "password"}),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_secret` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
+                as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
+                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
+                auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        self.grant_type = grant_type
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.scopes = scope.split()
+        self.client_id = client_id
+        self.client_secret = client_secret
+
+
+class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
+    """
+    This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data
+    for an OAuth2 password flow.
+
+    The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be
+    collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific
+    fields `username` and `password`.
+
+    All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.
+
+    The only difference between `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` and
+    `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` is that `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` requires the
+    client to send the form field `grant_type` with the value `"password"`, which
+    is required in the OAuth2 specification (it seems that for no particular reason),
+    while for `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` `grant_type` is optional.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/login")
+    def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict, Depends()]):
+        data = {}
+        data["scopes"] = []
+        for scope in form_data.scopes:
+            data["scopes"].append(scope)
+        if form_data.client_id:
+            data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
+        if form_data.client_secret:
+            data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
+        return data
+    ```
+
+    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
+    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon characters (`:`) or
+    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
+    group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just
+    know that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
+
+
+    grant_type: the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password".
+        This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be permissive, use instead the
+        OAuth2PasswordRequestForm dependency class.
+    username: username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "username".
+    password: password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "password".
+    scope: Optional string. Several scopes (each one a string) separated by spaces. E.g.
+        "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+    client_id: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any)
+        using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret
+    client_secret: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any)
+        using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        grant_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(pattern="^password$"),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
+                "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be
+                permissive, use instead the `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` dependency
+                class.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        username: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `username`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        password: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `password`.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scope: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
+                scope is also a string.
+
+                For example, a single string with:
+
+                ```python
+                "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+                ````
+
+                would represent the scopes:
+
+                * `items:read`
+                * `items:write`
+                * `users:read`
+                * `profile`
+                * `openid`
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        client_id: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
+                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
+                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        client_secret: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_secret` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
+                as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
+                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
+                auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            grant_type=grant_type,
+            username=username,
+            password=password,
+            scope=scope,
+            client_id=client_id,
+            client_secret=client_secret,
+        )
+
+
+class OAuth2(SecurityBase):
+    """
+    This is the base class for OAuth2 authentication, an instance of it would be used
+    as a dependency. All other OAuth2 classes inherit from it and customize it for
+    each OAuth2 flow.
+
+    You normally would not create a new class inheriting from it but use one of the
+    existing subclasses, and maybe compose them if you want to support multiple flows.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        flows: Annotated[
+            OAuthFlowsModel | dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The dictionary of OAuth2 flows.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = OAuthFlowsModel(),
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = OAuth2Model(
+            flows=cast(OAuthFlowsModel, flows), description=description
+        )
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        """
+        The OAuth 2 specification doesn't define the challenge that should be used,
+        because a `Bearer` token is not really the only option to authenticate.
+
+        But declaring any other authentication challenge would be application-specific
+        as it's not defined in the specification.
+
+        For practical reasons, this method uses the `Bearer` challenge by default, as
+        it's probably the most common one.
+
+        If you are implementing an OAuth2 authentication scheme other than the provided
+        ones in FastAPI (based on bearer tokens), you might want to override this.
+
+        Ref: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749
+        """
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        if not authorization:
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return authorization
+
+
+class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2):
+    """
+    OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with a password.
+    An instance of it would be used as a dependency.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        tokenUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. This would be the *path operation*
+                that has `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` as a dependency.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
+                use this dependency.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+        refreshUrl: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        if not scopes:
+            scopes = {}
+        flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
+            password=cast(
+                Any,
+                {
+                    "tokenUrl": tokenUrl,
+                    "refreshUrl": refreshUrl,
+                    "scopes": scopes,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        super().__init__(
+            flows=flows,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return param
+
+
+class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2):
+    """
+    OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with an OAuth2 code
+    flow. An instance of it would be used as a dependency.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        authorizationUrl: str,
+        tokenUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        refreshUrl: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            dict[str, str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
+                use this dependency.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        if not scopes:
+            scopes = {}
+        flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
+            authorizationCode=cast(
+                Any,
+                {
+                    "authorizationUrl": authorizationUrl,
+                    "tokenUrl": tokenUrl,
+                    "refreshUrl": refreshUrl,
+                    "scopes": scopes,
+                },
+            )
+        )
+        super().__init__(
+            flows=flows,
+            scheme_name=scheme_name,
+            description=description,
+            auto_error=auto_error,
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
+        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer":
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None  # pragma: nocover
+        return param
+
+
+class SecurityScopes:
+    """
+    This is a special class that you can define in a parameter in a dependency to
+    obtain the OAuth2 scopes required by all the dependencies in the same chain.
+
+    This way, multiple dependencies can have different scopes, even when used in the
+    same *path operation*. And with this, you can access all the scopes required in
+    all those dependencies in a single place.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            list[str] | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                This will be filled by FastAPI.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        self.scopes: Annotated[
+            list[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The list of all the scopes required by dependencies.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = scopes or []
+        self.scope_str: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                All the scopes required by all the dependencies in a single string
+                separated by spaces, as defined in the OAuth2 specification.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = " ".join(self.scopes)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..125a819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from fastapi.openapi.models import OpenIdConnect as OpenIdConnectModel
+from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+
+class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase):
+    """
+    OpenID Connect authentication class. An instance of it would be used as a
+    dependency.
+
+    **Warning**: this is only a stub to connect the components with OpenAPI in FastAPI,
+    but it doesn't implement the full OpenIdConnect scheme, for example, it doesn't use
+    the OpenIDConnect URL. You would need to subclass it and implement it in your
+    code.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        openIdConnectUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+            The OpenID Connect URL.
+            """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for
+                OpenID Connect authentication, it will automatically cancel the request
+                and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OpenID
+                Connect or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
+    ):
+        self.model = OpenIdConnectModel(
+            openIdConnectUrl=openIdConnectUrl, description=description
+        )
+        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
+        self.auto_error = auto_error
+
+    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
+        return HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Not authenticated",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+        if not authorization:
+            if self.auto_error:
+                raise self.make_not_authenticated_error()
+            else:
+                return None
+        return authorization
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ee66fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/security/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def get_authorization_scheme_param(
+    authorization_header_value: str | None,
+) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    if not authorization_header_value:
+        return "", ""
+    scheme, _, param = authorization_header_value.partition(" ")
+    return scheme, param.strip()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/sse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/sse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2bd86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/sse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+from annotated_doc import Doc
+from pydantic import AfterValidator, BaseModel, Field, model_validator
+from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse
+
+# Canonical SSE event schema matching the OpenAPI 3.2 spec
+# (Section 4.14.4 "Special Considerations for Server-Sent Events")
+_SSE_EVENT_SCHEMA: dict[str, Any] = {
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+        "data": {"type": "string"},
+        "event": {"type": "string"},
+        "id": {"type": "string"},
+        "retry": {"type": "integer", "minimum": 0},
+    },
+}
+
+
+class EventSourceResponse(StreamingResponse):
+    """Streaming response with `text/event-stream` media type.
+
+    Use as `response_class=EventSourceResponse` on a *path operation* that uses `yield`
+    to enable Server Sent Events (SSE) responses.
+
+    Works with **any HTTP method** (`GET`, `POST`, etc.), which makes it compatible
+    with protocols like MCP that stream SSE over `POST`.
+
+    The actual encoding logic lives in the FastAPI routing layer. This class
+    serves mainly as a marker and sets the correct `Content-Type`.
+    """
+
+    media_type = "text/event-stream"
+
+
+def _check_single_line(v: str | None, field_name: str) -> str | None:
+    if v is not None and ("\r" in v or "\n" in v):
+        raise ValueError(f"SSE '{field_name}' must be a single line")
+    return v
+
+
+def _check_event_single_line(v: str | None) -> str | None:
+    return _check_single_line(v, "event")
+
+
+def _check_id_valid(v: str | None) -> str | None:
+    if v is not None and "\0" in v:
+        raise ValueError("SSE 'id' must not contain null characters")
+    return _check_single_line(v, "id")
+
+
+class ServerSentEvent(BaseModel):
+    """Represents a single Server-Sent Event.
+
+    When `yield`ed from a *path operation function* that uses
+    `response_class=EventSourceResponse`, each `ServerSentEvent` is encoded
+    into the [SSE wire format](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html#parsing-an-event-stream)
+    (`text/event-stream`).
+
+    If you yield a plain object (dict, Pydantic model, etc.) instead, it is
+    automatically JSON-encoded and sent as the `data:` field.
+
+    All `data` values **including plain strings** are JSON-serialized.
+
+    For example, `data="hello"` produces `data: "hello"` on the wire (with
+    quotes).
+    """
+
+    data: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The event payload.
+
+            Can be any JSON-serializable value: a Pydantic model, dict, list,
+            string, number, etc. It is **always** serialized to JSON: strings
+            are quoted (`"hello"` becomes `data: "hello"` on the wire).
+
+            Mutually exclusive with `raw_data`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    raw_data: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Raw string to send as the `data:` field **without** JSON encoding.
+
+            Use this when you need to send pre-formatted text, HTML fragments,
+            CSV lines, or any non-JSON payload. The string is placed directly
+            into the `data:` field as-is.
+
+            Mutually exclusive with `data`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    event: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        AfterValidator(_check_event_single_line),
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event type name.
+
+            Maps to `addEventListener(event, ...)` on the browser. When omitted,
+            the browser dispatches on the generic `message` event. Must be a
+            single line.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        AfterValidator(_check_id_valid),
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event ID.
+
+            The browser sends this value back as the `Last-Event-ID` header on
+            automatic reconnection. **Must be a single line** and must not contain
+            null (`\\0`) characters.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    retry: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Field(ge=0),
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional reconnection time in **milliseconds**.
+
+            Tells the browser how long to wait before reconnecting after the
+            connection is lost. Must be a non-negative integer.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional comment line(s).
+
+            Comment lines start with `:` in the SSE wire format and are ignored by
+            `EventSource` clients. Useful for keep-alive pings to prevent
+            proxy/load-balancer timeouts.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _check_data_exclusive(self) -> "ServerSentEvent":
+        if self.data is not None and self.raw_data is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot set both 'data' and 'raw_data' on the same "
+                "ServerSentEvent. Use 'data' for JSON-serialized payloads "
+                "or 'raw_data' for pre-formatted strings."
+            )
+        return self
+
+
+def format_sse_event(
+    *,
+    data_str: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pre-serialized data string to use as the `data:` field.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    event: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event type name (`event:` field).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional event ID (`id:` field).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    retry: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional reconnection time in milliseconds (`retry:` field).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Optional comment line(s) (`:` prefix).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Build SSE wire-format bytes from **pre-serialized** data.
+
+    The result always ends with `\n\n` (the event terminator).
+    """
+    lines: list[str] = []
+
+    if comment is not None:
+        for line in comment.splitlines():
+            lines.append(f": {line}")
+
+    if event is not None:
+        lines.append(f"event: {event}")
+
+    if data_str is not None:
+        for line in data_str.splitlines():
+            lines.append(f"data: {line}")
+
+    if id is not None:
+        lines.append(f"id: {id}")
+
+    if retry is not None:
+        lines.append(f"retry: {retry}")
+
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append("")
+    return "\n".join(lines).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+# Keep-alive comment, per the SSE spec recommendation
+KEEPALIVE_COMMENT = b": ping\n\n"
+
+# Seconds between keep-alive pings when a generator is idle.
+# Private but importable so tests can monkeypatch it.
+_PING_INTERVAL: float = 15.0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/staticfiles.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/staticfiles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..299015d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/staticfiles.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles as StaticFiles  # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/templating.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cb8684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates as Jinja2Templates  # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/testclient.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/testclient.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4012406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/testclient.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient as TestClient  # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb86e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import types
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.main import IncEx as IncEx
+
+DecoratedCallable = TypeVar("DecoratedCallable", bound=Callable[..., Any])
+UnionType = getattr(types, "UnionType", Union)
+ModelNameMap = dict[type[BaseModel] | type[Enum], str]
+DependencyCacheKey = tuple[Callable[..., Any] | None, tuple[str, ...], str]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12eaa2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import re
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Literal,
+)
+
+import fastapi
+from fastapi._compat import (
+    ModelField,
+    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
+    Undefined,
+    annotation_is_pydantic_v1,
+)
+from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, DefaultType
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning, PydanticV1NotSupportedError
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+from ._compat import v2
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: nocover
+    from .routing import APIRoute
+
+
+def is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code: int | str | None) -> bool:
+    if status_code is None:
+        return True
+    # Ref: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#patterned-fields-1
+    if status_code in {
+        "default",
+        "1XX",
+        "2XX",
+        "3XX",
+        "4XX",
+        "5XX",
+    }:
+        return True
+    current_status_code = int(status_code)
+    return not (current_status_code < 200 or current_status_code in {204, 205, 304})
+
+
+def get_path_param_names(path: str) -> set[str]:
+    return set(re.findall("{(.*?)}", path))
+
+
+_invalid_args_message = (
+    "Invalid args for response field! Hint: "
+    "check that {type_} is a valid Pydantic field type. "
+    "If you are using a return type annotation that is not a valid Pydantic "
+    "field (e.g. Union[Response, dict, None]) you can disable generating the "
+    "response model from the type annotation with the path operation decorator "
+    "parameter response_model=None. Read more: "
+    "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/"
+)
+
+
+def create_model_field(
+    name: str,
+    type_: Any,
+    default: Any | None = Undefined,
+    field_info: FieldInfo | None = None,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation",
+) -> ModelField:
+    if annotation_is_pydantic_v1(type_):
+        raise PydanticV1NotSupportedError(
+            "pydantic.v1 models are no longer supported by FastAPI."
+            f" Please update the response model {type_!r}."
+        )
+    field_info = field_info or FieldInfo(annotation=type_, default=default, alias=alias)
+    try:
+        return v2.ModelField(mode=mode, name=name, field_info=field_info)
+    except PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+        raise fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIError(
+            _invalid_args_message.format(type_=type_)
+        ) from None
+
+
+def generate_operation_id_for_path(
+    *, name: str, path: str, method: str
+) -> str:  # pragma: nocover
+    warnings.warn(
+        message="fastapi.utils.generate_operation_id_for_path() was deprecated, "
+        "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon",
+        category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    operation_id = f"{name}{path}"
+    operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id)
+    operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{method.lower()}"
+    return operation_id
+
+
+def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str:
+    operation_id = f"{route.name}{route.path_format}"
+    operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id)
+    assert route.methods
+    operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{list(route.methods)[0].lower()}"
+    return operation_id
+
+
+def deep_dict_update(main_dict: dict[Any, Any], update_dict: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
+    for key, value in update_dict.items():
+        if (
+            key in main_dict
+            and isinstance(main_dict[key], dict)
+            and isinstance(value, dict)
+        ):
+            deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value)
+        elif (
+            key in main_dict
+            and isinstance(main_dict[key], list)
+            and isinstance(update_dict[key], list)
+        ):
+            main_dict[key] = main_dict[key] + update_dict[key]
+        else:
+            main_dict[key] = value
+
+
+def get_value_or_default(
+    first_item: DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType,
+    *extra_items: DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType,
+) -> DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType:
+    """
+    Pass items or `DefaultPlaceholder`s by descending priority.
+
+    The first one to _not_ be a `DefaultPlaceholder` will be returned.
+
+    Otherwise, the first item (a `DefaultPlaceholder`) will be returned.
+    """
+    items = (first_item,) + extra_items
+    for item in items:
+        if not isinstance(item, DefaultPlaceholder):
+            return item
+    return first_item
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/websockets.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/websockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55a4ac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fastapi/websockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket  # noqa
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect  # noqa
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocketState as WebSocketState  # noqa
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a2f639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: h11
+Version: 0.16.0
+Summary: A pure-Python, bring-your-own-I/O implementation of HTTP/1.1
+Home-page: https://github.com/python-hyper/h11
+Author: Nathaniel J. Smith
+Author-email: njs@pobox.com
+License: MIT
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+h11
+===
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11.svg?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-hyper/h11
+   :alt: Automated test status
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/python-hyper/h11
+   :alt: Test coverage
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/h11/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://h11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+   :alt: Documentation Status
+
+This is a little HTTP/1.1 library written from scratch in Python,
+heavily inspired by `hyper-h2 <https://hyper-h2.readthedocs.io/>`_.
+
+It's a "bring-your-own-I/O" library; h11 contains no IO code
+whatsoever. This means you can hook h11 up to your favorite network
+API, and that could be anything you want: synchronous, threaded,
+asynchronous, or your own implementation of `RFC 6214
+<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6214>`_ -- h11 won't judge you.
+(Compare this to the current state of the art, where every time a `new
+network API <https://trio.readthedocs.io/>`_ comes along then someone
+gets to start over reimplementing the entire HTTP protocol from
+scratch.) Cory Benfield made an `excellent blog post describing the
+benefits of this approach
+<https://lukasa.co.uk/2015/10/The_New_Hyper/>`_, or if you like video
+then here's his `PyCon 2016 talk on the same theme
+<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cC3_jGwl_U>`_.
+
+This also means that h11 is not immediately useful out of the box:
+it's a toolkit for building programs that speak HTTP, not something
+that could directly replace ``requests`` or ``twisted.web`` or
+whatever. But h11 makes it much easier to implement something like
+``requests`` or ``twisted.web``.
+
+At a high level, working with h11 goes like this:
+
+1) First, create an ``h11.Connection`` object to track the state of a
+   single HTTP/1.1 connection.
+
+2) When you read data off the network, pass it to
+   ``conn.receive_data(...)``; you'll get back a list of objects
+   representing high-level HTTP "events".
+
+3) When you want to send a high-level HTTP event, create the
+   corresponding "event" object and pass it to ``conn.send(...)``;
+   this will give you back some bytes that you can then push out
+   through the network.
+
+For example, a client might instantiate and then send a
+``h11.Request`` object, then zero or more ``h11.Data`` objects for the
+request body (e.g., if this is a POST), and then a
+``h11.EndOfMessage`` to indicate the end of the message. Then the
+server would then send back a ``h11.Response``, some ``h11.Data``, and
+its own ``h11.EndOfMessage``. If either side violates the protocol,
+you'll get a ``h11.ProtocolError`` exception.
+
+h11 is suitable for implementing both servers and clients, and has a
+pleasantly symmetric API: the events you send as a client are exactly
+the ones that you receive as a server and vice-versa.
+
+`Here's an example of a tiny HTTP client
+<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/examples/basic-client.py>`_
+
+It also has `a fine manual <https://h11.readthedocs.io/>`_.
+
+FAQ
+---
+
+*Whyyyyy?*
+
+I wanted to play with HTTP in `Curio
+<https://curio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html>`__ and `Trio
+<https://trio.readthedocs.io>`__, which at the time didn't have any
+HTTP libraries. So I thought, no big deal, Python has, like, a dozen
+different implementations of HTTP, surely I can find one that's
+reusable. I didn't find one, but I did find Cory's call-to-arms
+blog-post. So I figured, well, fine, if I have to implement HTTP from
+scratch, at least I can make sure no-one *else* has to ever again.
+
+*Should I use it?*
+
+Maybe. You should be aware that it's a very young project. But, it's
+feature complete and has an exhaustive test-suite and complete docs,
+so the next step is for people to try using it and see how it goes
+:-). If you do then please let us know -- if nothing else we'll want
+to talk to you before making any incompatible changes!
+
+*What are the features/limitations?*
+
+Roughly speaking, it's trying to be a robust, complete, and non-hacky
+implementation of the first "chapter" of the HTTP/1.1 spec: `RFC 7230:
+HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing
+<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230>`_. That is, it mostly focuses on
+implementing HTTP at the level of taking bytes on and off the wire,
+and the headers related to that, and tries to be anal about spec
+conformance. It doesn't know about higher-level concerns like URL
+routing, conditional GETs, cross-origin cookie policies, or content
+negotiation. But it does know how to take care of framing,
+cross-version differences in keep-alive handling, and the "obsolete
+line folding" rule, so you can focus your energies on the hard /
+interesting parts for your application, and it tries to support the
+full specification in the sense that any useful HTTP/1.1 conformant
+application should be able to use h11.
+
+It's pure Python, and has no dependencies outside of the standard
+library.
+
+It has a test suite with 100.0% coverage for both statements and
+branches.
+
+Currently it supports Python 3 (testing on 3.8-3.12) and PyPy 3.
+The last Python 2-compatible version was h11 0.11.x.
+(Originally it had a Cython wrapper for `http-parser
+<https://github.com/nodejs/http-parser>`_ and a beautiful nested state
+machine implemented with ``yield from`` to postprocess the output. But
+I had to take these out -- the new *parser* needs fewer lines-of-code
+than the old *parser wrapper*, is written in pure Python, uses no
+exotic language syntax, and has more features. It's sad, really; that
+old state machine was really slick. I just need a few sentences here
+to mourn that.)
+
+I don't know how fast it is. I haven't benchmarked or profiled it yet,
+so it's probably got a few pointless hot spots, and I've been trying
+to err on the side of simplicity and robustness instead of
+micro-optimization. But at the architectural level I tried hard to
+avoid fundamentally bad decisions, e.g., I believe that all the
+parsing algorithms remain linear-time even in the face of pathological
+input like slowloris, and there are no byte-by-byte loops. (I also
+believe that it maintains bounded memory usage in the face of
+arbitrary/pathological input.)
+
+The whole library is ~800 lines-of-code. You can read and understand
+the whole thing in less than an hour. Most of the energy invested in
+this so far has been spent on trying to keep things simple by
+minimizing special-cases and ad hoc state manipulation; even though it
+is now quite small and simple, I'm still annoyed that I haven't
+figured out how to make it even smaller and simpler. (Unfortunately,
+HTTP does not lend itself to simplicity.)
+
+The API is ~feature complete and I don't expect the general outlines
+to change much, but you can't judge an API's ergonomics until you
+actually document and use it, so I'd expect some changes in the
+details.
+
+*How do I try it?*
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+  $ pip install h11
+  $ git clone git@github.com:python-hyper/h11
+  $ cd h11/examples
+  $ python basic-client.py
+
+and go from there.
+
+*License?*
+
+MIT
+
+*Code of conduct?*
+
+Contributors are requested to follow our `code of conduct
+<https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md>`_ in
+all project spaces.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f8e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
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+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=KPMmCYrAn8unm48YD5YIfIQf4kViFct7hyqcfVzRnWQ,8348
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=CmyFI0kx5cdEMTLiONQRbGQwjIoR1aIYB7eCAQ4KPJ0,91
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt,sha256=N9tbuFkm2yikJ6JYZ_ELEjIAOuob5pzLhRE4rbjm82E,1124
+h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=F7dC4jl3zeh8TGHEPaWJrMbeuoWbS379Gwdi-Yvdcis,4
+h11/__init__.py,sha256=iO1KzkSO42yZ6ffg-VMgbx_ZVTWGUY00nRYEWn-s3kY,1507
+h11/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_abnf.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_connection.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_events.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_headers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_readers.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_receivebuffer.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_state.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_util.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+h11/__pycache__/_writers.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+h11/_receivebuffer.py,sha256=xrspsdsNgWFxRfQcTXxR8RrdjRXXTK0Io5cQYWpJ1Ws,5252
+h11/_state.py,sha256=_5LG_BGR8FCcFQeBPH-TMHgm_-B-EUcWCnQof_9XjFE,13231
+h11/_util.py,sha256=LWkkjXyJaFlAy6Lt39w73UStklFT5ovcvo0TkY7RYuk,4888
+h11/_version.py,sha256=GVSsbPSPDcOuF6ptfIiXnVJoaEm3ygXbMnqlr_Giahw,686
+h11/_writers.py,sha256=oFKm6PtjeHfbj4RLX7VB7KDc1gIY53gXG3_HR9ltmTA,5081
+h11/py.typed,sha256=sow9soTwP9T_gEAQSVh7Gb8855h04Nwmhs2We-JRgZM,7
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb3c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (78.1.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f080ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Nathaniel J. Smith <njs@pobox.com> and other contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d24def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11-0.16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+h11
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..989e92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# A highish-level implementation of the HTTP/1.1 wire protocol (RFC 7230),
+# containing no networking code at all, loosely modelled on hyper-h2's generic
+# implementation of HTTP/2 (and in particular the h2.connection.H2Connection
+# class). There's still a bunch of subtle details you need to get right if you
+# want to make this actually useful, because it doesn't implement all the
+# semantics to check that what you're asking to write to the wire is sensible,
+# but at least it gets you out of dealing with the wire itself.
+
+from h11._connection import Connection, NEED_DATA, PAUSED
+from h11._events import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    Data,
+    EndOfMessage,
+    Event,
+    InformationalResponse,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from h11._state import (
+    CLIENT,
+    CLOSED,
+    DONE,
+    ERROR,
+    IDLE,
+    MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+    MUST_CLOSE,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SEND_RESPONSE,
+    SERVER,
+    SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+)
+from h11._util import LocalProtocolError, ProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+from h11._version import __version__
+
+PRODUCT_ID = "python-h11/" + __version__
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    "Connection",
+    "NEED_DATA",
+    "PAUSED",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "Event",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    "CLIENT",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "DONE",
+    "ERROR",
+    "IDLE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SERVER",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..933587f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_abnf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# We use native strings for all the re patterns, to take advantage of string
+# formatting, and then convert to bytestrings when compiling the final re
+# objects.
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#whitespace
+#  OWS            = *( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; optional whitespace
+OWS = r"[ \t]*"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.token.separators
+#   token          = 1*tchar
+#
+#   tchar          = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
+#                  / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+#                  / DIGIT / ALPHA
+#                  ; any VCHAR, except delimiters
+token = r"[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+"
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#header.fields
+#  field-name     = token
+field_name = token
+
+# The standard says:
+#
+#  field-value    = *( field-content / obs-fold )
+#  field-content  = field-vchar [ 1*( SP / HTAB ) field-vchar ]
+#  field-vchar    = VCHAR / obs-text
+#  obs-fold       = CRLF 1*( SP / HTAB )
+#                 ; obsolete line folding
+#                 ; see Section 3.2.4
+#
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5234#appendix-B.1
+#
+#   VCHAR          =  %x21-7E
+#                  ; visible (printing) characters
+#
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#rule.quoted-string
+#   obs-text       = %x80-FF
+#
+# However, the standard definition of field-content is WRONG! It disallows
+# fields containing a single visible character surrounded by whitespace,
+# e.g. "foo a bar".
+#
+# See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+#
+# So our definition of field_content attempts to fix it up...
+#
+# Also, we allow lots of control characters, because apparently people assume
+# that they're legal in practice (e.g., google analytics makes cookies with
+# \x01 in them!):
+#   https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/issues/57
+# We still don't allow NUL or whitespace, because those are often treated as
+# meta-characters and letting them through can lead to nasty issues like SSRF.
+vchar = r"[\x21-\x7e]"
+vchar_or_obs_text = r"[^\x00\s]"
+field_vchar = vchar_or_obs_text
+field_content = r"{field_vchar}+(?:[ \t]+{field_vchar}+)*".format(**globals())
+
+# We handle obs-fold at a different level, and our fixed-up field_content
+# already grows to swallow the whole value, so ? instead of *
+field_value = r"({field_content})?".format(**globals())
+
+#  header-field   = field-name ":" OWS field-value OWS
+header_field = (
+    r"(?P<field_name>{field_name})"
+    r":"
+    r"{OWS}"
+    r"(?P<field_value>{field_value})"
+    r"{OWS}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#request.line
+#
+#   request-line   = method SP request-target SP HTTP-version CRLF
+#   method         = token
+#   HTTP-version   = HTTP-name "/" DIGIT "." DIGIT
+#   HTTP-name      = %x48.54.54.50 ; "HTTP", case-sensitive
+#
+# request-target is complicated (see RFC 7230 sec 5.3) -- could be path, full
+# URL, host+port (for connect), or even "*", but in any case we are guaranteed
+# that it contists of the visible printing characters.
+method = token
+request_target = r"{vchar}+".format(**globals())
+http_version = r"HTTP/(?P<http_version>[0-9]\.[0-9])"
+request_line = (
+    r"(?P<method>{method})"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<target>{request_target})"
+    r" "
+    r"{http_version}".format(**globals())
+)
+
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#status.line
+#
+#   status-line = HTTP-version SP status-code SP reason-phrase CRLF
+#   status-code    = 3DIGIT
+#   reason-phrase  = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
+status_code = r"[0-9]{3}"
+reason_phrase = r"([ \t]|{vchar_or_obs_text})*".format(**globals())
+status_line = (
+    r"{http_version}"
+    r" "
+    r"(?P<status_code>{status_code})"
+    # However, there are apparently a few too many servers out there that just
+    # leave out the reason phrase:
+    #   https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/345#issuecomment-281756036
+    #   https://github.com/seanmonstar/httparse/issues/29
+    # so make it optional. ?: is a non-capturing group.
+    r"(?: (?P<reason>{reason_phrase}))?".format(**globals())
+)
+
+HEXDIG = r"[0-9A-Fa-f]"
+# Actually
+#
+#      chunk-size     = 1*HEXDIG
+#
+# but we impose an upper-limit to avoid ridiculosity. len(str(2**64)) == 20
+chunk_size = r"({HEXDIG}){{1,20}}".format(**globals())
+# Actually
+#
+#     chunk-ext      = *( ";" chunk-ext-name [ "=" chunk-ext-val ] )
+#
+# but we aren't parsing the things so we don't really care.
+chunk_ext = r";.*"
+chunk_header = (
+    r"(?P<chunk_size>{chunk_size})"
+    r"(?P<chunk_ext>{chunk_ext})?"
+    r"{OWS}\r\n".format(
+        **globals()
+    )  # Even though the specification does not allow for extra whitespaces,
+    # we are lenient with trailing whitespaces because some servers on the wild use it.
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e37d82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+# This contains the main Connection class. Everything in h11 revolves around
+# this.
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    cast,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    overload,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._events import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    Data,
+    EndOfMessage,
+    Event,
+    InformationalResponse,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+)
+from ._headers import get_comma_header, has_expect_100_continue, set_comma_header
+from ._readers import READERS, ReadersType
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import (
+    _SWITCH_CONNECT,
+    _SWITCH_UPGRADE,
+    CLIENT,
+    ConnectionState,
+    DONE,
+    ERROR,
+    MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SERVER,
+    SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+)
+from ._util import (  # Import the internal things we need
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    Sentinel,
+)
+from ._writers import WRITERS, WritersType
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = ["Connection", "NEED_DATA", "PAUSED"]
+
+
+class NEED_DATA(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class PAUSED(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# If we ever have this much buffered without it making a complete parseable
+# event, we error out. The only time we really buffer is when reading the
+# request/response line + headers together, so this is effectively the limit on
+# the size of that.
+#
+# Some precedents for defaults:
+# - node.js: 80 * 1024
+# - tomcat: 8 * 1024
+# - IIS: 16 * 1024
+# - Apache: <8 KiB per line>
+DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 16 * 1024
+
+
+# RFC 7230's rules for connection lifecycles:
+# - If either side says they want to close the connection, then the connection
+#   must close.
+# - HTTP/1.1 defaults to keep-alive unless someone says Connection: close
+# - HTTP/1.0 defaults to close unless both sides say Connection: keep-alive
+#   (and even this is a mess -- e.g. if you're implementing a proxy then
+#   sending Connection: keep-alive is forbidden).
+#
+# We simplify life by simply not supporting keep-alive with HTTP/1.0 peers. So
+# our rule is:
+# - If someone says Connection: close, we will close
+# - If someone uses HTTP/1.0, we will close.
+def _keep_alive(event: Union[Request, Response]) -> bool:
+    connection = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"connection")
+    if b"close" in connection:
+        return False
+    if getattr(event, "http_version", b"1.1") < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _body_framing(
+    request_method: bytes, event: Union[Request, Response]
+) -> Tuple[str, Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int]]]:
+    # Called when we enter SEND_BODY to figure out framing information for
+    # this body.
+    #
+    # These are the only two events that can trigger a SEND_BODY state:
+    assert type(event) in (Request, Response)
+    # Returns one of:
+    #
+    #    ("content-length", count)
+    #    ("chunked", ())
+    #    ("http/1.0", ())
+    #
+    # which are (lookup key, *args) for constructing body reader/writer
+    # objects.
+    #
+    # Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+    #
+    # Step 1: some responses always have an empty body, regardless of what the
+    # headers say.
+    if type(event) is Response:
+        if (
+            event.status_code in (204, 304)
+            or request_method == b"HEAD"
+            or (request_method == b"CONNECT" and 200 <= event.status_code < 300)
+        ):
+            return ("content-length", (0,))
+        # Section 3.3.3 also lists another case -- responses with status_code
+        # < 200. For us these are InformationalResponses, not Responses, so
+        # they can't get into this function in the first place.
+        assert event.status_code >= 200
+
+    # Step 2: check for Transfer-Encoding (T-E beats C-L):
+    transfer_encodings = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"transfer-encoding")
+    if transfer_encodings:
+        assert transfer_encodings == [b"chunked"]
+        return ("chunked", ())
+
+    # Step 3: check for Content-Length
+    content_lengths = get_comma_header(event.headers, b"content-length")
+    if content_lengths:
+        return ("content-length", (int(content_lengths[0]),))
+
+    # Step 4: no applicable headers; fallback/default depends on type
+    if type(event) is Request:
+        return ("content-length", (0,))
+    else:
+        return ("http/1.0", ())
+
+
+################################################################
+#
+# The main Connection class
+#
+################################################################
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """An object encapsulating the state of an HTTP connection.
+
+    Args:
+        our_role: If you're implementing a client, pass :data:`h11.CLIENT`. If
+            you're implementing a server, pass :data:`h11.SERVER`.
+
+        max_incomplete_event_size (int):
+            The maximum number of bytes we're willing to buffer of an
+            incomplete event. In practice this mostly sets a limit on the
+            maximum size of the request/response line + headers. If this is
+            exceeded, then :meth:`next_event` will raise
+            :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        our_role: Type[Sentinel],
+        max_incomplete_event_size: int = DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._max_incomplete_event_size = max_incomplete_event_size
+        # State and role tracking
+        if our_role not in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+            raise ValueError(f"expected CLIENT or SERVER, not {our_role!r}")
+        self.our_role = our_role
+        self.their_role: Type[Sentinel]
+        if our_role is CLIENT:
+            self.their_role = SERVER
+        else:
+            self.their_role = CLIENT
+        self._cstate = ConnectionState()
+
+        # Callables for converting data->events or vice-versa given the
+        # current state
+        self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, None, WRITERS)
+        self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, None, READERS)
+
+        # Holds any unprocessed received data
+        self._receive_buffer = ReceiveBuffer()
+        # If this is true, then it indicates that the incoming connection was
+        # closed *after* the end of whatever's in self._receive_buffer:
+        self._receive_buffer_closed = False
+
+        # Extra bits of state that don't fit into the state machine.
+        #
+        # These two are only used to interpret framing headers for figuring
+        # out how to read/write response bodies. their_http_version is also
+        # made available as a convenient public API.
+        self.their_http_version: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self._request_method: Optional[bytes] = None
+        # This is pure flow-control and doesn't at all affect the set of legal
+        # transitions, so no need to bother ConnectionState with it:
+        self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+    @property
+    def states(self) -> Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]:
+        """A dictionary like::
+
+           {CLIENT: <client state>, SERVER: <server state>}
+
+        See :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+
+        """
+        return dict(self._cstate.states)
+
+    @property
+    def our_state(self) -> Type[Sentinel]:
+        """The current state of whichever role we are playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.our_role]
+
+    @property
+    def their_state(self) -> Type[Sentinel]:
+        """The current state of whichever role we are NOT playing. See
+        :ref:`state-machine` for details.
+        """
+        return self._cstate.states[self.their_role]
+
+    @property
+    def they_are_waiting_for_100_continue(self) -> bool:
+        return self.their_role is CLIENT and self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self) -> None:
+        """Attempt to reset our connection state for a new request/response
+        cycle.
+
+        If both client and server are in :data:`DONE` state, then resets them
+        both to :data:`IDLE` state in preparation for a new request/response
+        cycle on this same connection. Otherwise, raises a
+        :exc:`LocalProtocolError`.
+
+        See :ref:`keepalive-and-pipelining`.
+
+        """
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.start_next_cycle()
+        self._request_method = None
+        # self.their_http_version gets left alone, since it presumably lasts
+        # beyond a single request/response cycle
+        assert not self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _process_error(self, role: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        self._cstate.process_error(role)
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states)
+
+    def _server_switch_event(self, event: Event) -> Optional[Type[Sentinel]]:
+        if type(event) is InformationalResponse and event.status_code == 101:
+            return _SWITCH_UPGRADE
+        if type(event) is Response:
+            if (
+                _SWITCH_CONNECT in self._cstate.pending_switch_proposals
+                and 200 <= event.status_code < 300
+            ):
+                return _SWITCH_CONNECT
+        return None
+
+    # All events go through here
+    def _process_event(self, role: Type[Sentinel], event: Event) -> None:
+        # First, pass the event through the state machine to make sure it
+        # succeeds.
+        old_states = dict(self._cstate.states)
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) is Request:
+            if event.method == b"CONNECT":
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_CONNECT)
+            if get_comma_header(event.headers, b"upgrade"):
+                self._cstate.process_client_switch_proposal(_SWITCH_UPGRADE)
+        server_switch_event = None
+        if role is SERVER:
+            server_switch_event = self._server_switch_event(event)
+        self._cstate.process_event(role, type(event), server_switch_event)
+
+        # Then perform the updates triggered by it.
+
+        if type(event) is Request:
+            self._request_method = event.method
+
+        if role is self.their_role and type(event) in (
+            Request,
+            Response,
+            InformationalResponse,
+        ):
+            event = cast(Union[Request, Response, InformationalResponse], event)
+            self.their_http_version = event.http_version
+
+        # Keep alive handling
+        #
+        # RFC 7230 doesn't really say what one should do if Connection: close
+        # shows up on a 1xx InformationalResponse. I think the idea is that
+        # this is not supposed to happen. In any case, if it does happen, we
+        # ignore it.
+        if type(event) in (Request, Response) and not _keep_alive(
+            cast(Union[Request, Response], event)
+        ):
+            self._cstate.process_keep_alive_disabled()
+
+        # 100-continue
+        if type(event) is Request and has_expect_100_continue(event):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = True
+        if type(event) in (InformationalResponse, Response):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+        if role is CLIENT and type(event) in (Data, EndOfMessage):
+            self.client_is_waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        self._respond_to_state_changes(old_states, event)
+
+    def _get_io_object(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event: Optional[Event],
+        io_dict: Union[ReadersType, WritersType],
+    ) -> Optional[Callable[..., Any]]:
+        # event may be None; it's only used when entering SEND_BODY
+        state = self._cstate.states[role]
+        if state is SEND_BODY:
+            # Special case: the io_dict has a dict of reader/writer factories
+            # that depend on the request/response framing.
+            framing_type, args = _body_framing(
+                cast(bytes, self._request_method), cast(Union[Request, Response], event)
+            )
+            return io_dict[SEND_BODY][framing_type](*args)  # type: ignore[index]
+        else:
+            # General case: the io_dict just has the appropriate reader/writer
+            # for this state
+            return io_dict.get((role, state))  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    # This must be called after any action that might have caused
+    # self._cstate.states to change.
+    def _respond_to_state_changes(
+        self,
+        old_states: Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]],
+        event: Optional[Event] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Update reader/writer
+        if self.our_state != old_states[self.our_role]:
+            self._writer = self._get_io_object(self.our_role, event, WRITERS)
+        if self.their_state != old_states[self.their_role]:
+            self._reader = self._get_io_object(self.their_role, event, READERS)
+
+    @property
+    def trailing_data(self) -> Tuple[bytes, bool]:
+        """Data that has been received, but not yet processed, represented as
+        a tuple with two elements, where the first is a byte-string containing
+        the unprocessed data itself, and the second is a bool that is True if
+        the receive connection was closed.
+
+        See :ref:`switching-protocols` for discussion of why you'd want this.
+        """
+        return (bytes(self._receive_buffer), self._receive_buffer_closed)
+
+    def receive_data(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Add data to our internal receive buffer.
+
+        This does not actually do any processing on the data, just stores
+        it. To trigger processing, you have to call :meth:`next_event`.
+
+        Args:
+            data (:term:`bytes-like object`):
+                The new data that was just received.
+
+                Special case: If *data* is an empty byte-string like ``b""``,
+                then this indicates that the remote side has closed the
+                connection (end of file). Normally this is convenient, because
+                standard Python APIs like :meth:`file.read` or
+                :meth:`socket.recv` use ``b""`` to indicate end-of-file, while
+                other failures to read are indicated using other mechanisms
+                like raising :exc:`TimeoutError`. When using such an API you
+                can just blindly pass through whatever you get from ``read``
+                to :meth:`receive_data`, and everything will work.
+
+                But, if you have an API where reading an empty string is a
+                valid non-EOF condition, then you need to be aware of this and
+                make sure to check for such strings and avoid passing them to
+                :meth:`receive_data`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Nothing, but after calling this you should call :meth:`next_event`
+            to parse the newly received data.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError:
+                Raised if you pass an empty *data*, indicating EOF, and then
+                pass a non-empty *data*, indicating more data that somehow
+                arrived after the EOF.
+
+                (Calling ``receive_data(b"")`` multiple times is fine,
+                and equivalent to calling it once.)
+
+        """
+        if data:
+            if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                raise RuntimeError("received close, then received more data?")
+            self._receive_buffer += data
+        else:
+            self._receive_buffer_closed = True
+
+    def _extract_next_receive_event(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union[Event, Type[NEED_DATA], Type[PAUSED]]:
+        state = self.their_state
+        # We don't pause immediately when they enter DONE, because even in
+        # DONE state we can still process a ConnectionClosed() event. But
+        # if we have data in our buffer, then we definitely aren't getting
+        # a ConnectionClosed() immediately and we need to pause.
+        if state is DONE and self._receive_buffer:
+            return PAUSED
+        if state is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL or state is SWITCHED_PROTOCOL:
+            return PAUSED
+        assert self._reader is not None
+        event = self._reader(self._receive_buffer)
+        if event is None:
+            if not self._receive_buffer and self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                # In some unusual cases (basically just HTTP/1.0 bodies), EOF
+                # triggers an actual protocol event; in that case, we want to
+                # return that event, and then the state will change and we'll
+                # get called again to generate the actual ConnectionClosed().
+                if hasattr(self._reader, "read_eof"):
+                    event = self._reader.read_eof()
+                else:
+                    event = ConnectionClosed()
+        if event is None:
+            event = NEED_DATA
+        return event  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def next_event(self) -> Union[Event, Type[NEED_DATA], Type[PAUSED]]:
+        """Parse the next event out of our receive buffer, update our internal
+        state, and return it.
+
+        This is a mutating operation -- think of it like calling :func:`next`
+        on an iterator.
+
+        Returns:
+            : One of three things:
+
+            1) An event object -- see :ref:`events`.
+
+            2) The special constant :data:`NEED_DATA`, which indicates that
+               you need to read more data from your socket and pass it to
+               :meth:`receive_data` before this method will be able to return
+               any more events.
+
+            3) The special constant :data:`PAUSED`, which indicates that we
+               are not in a state where we can process incoming data (usually
+               because the peer has finished their part of the current
+               request/response cycle, and you have not yet called
+               :meth:`start_next_cycle`). See :ref:`flow-control` for details.
+
+        Raises:
+            RemoteProtocolError:
+                The peer has misbehaved. You should close the connection
+                (possibly after sending some kind of 4xx response).
+
+        Once this method returns :class:`ConnectionClosed` once, then all
+        subsequent calls will also return :class:`ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        If this method raises any exception besides :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`
+        then that's a bug -- if it happens please file a bug report!
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.their_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+
+        if self.their_state is ERROR:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError("Can't receive data when peer state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            event = self._extract_next_receive_event()
+            if event not in [NEED_DATA, PAUSED]:
+                self._process_event(self.their_role, cast(Event, event))
+            if event is NEED_DATA:
+                if len(self._receive_buffer) > self._max_incomplete_event_size:
+                    # 431 is "Request header fields too large" which is pretty
+                    # much the only situation where we can get here
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                        "Receive buffer too long", error_status_hint=431
+                    )
+                if self._receive_buffer_closed:
+                    # We're still trying to complete some event, but that's
+                    # never going to happen because no more data is coming
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError("peer unexpectedly closed connection")
+            return event
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._process_error(self.their_role)
+            if isinstance(exc, LocalProtocolError):
+                exc._reraise_as_remote_protocol_error()
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    @overload
+    def send(self, event: ConnectionClosed) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def send(
+        self, event: Union[Request, InformationalResponse, Response, Data, EndOfMessage]
+    ) -> bytes:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def send(self, event: Event) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        ...
+
+    def send(self, event: Event) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        """Convert a high-level event into bytes that can be sent to the peer,
+        while updating our internal state machine.
+
+        Args:
+            event: The :ref:`event <events>` to send.
+
+        Returns:
+            If ``type(event) is ConnectionClosed``, then returns
+            ``None``. Otherwise, returns a :term:`bytes-like object`.
+
+        Raises:
+            LocalProtocolError:
+                Sending this event at this time would violate our
+                understanding of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+        If this method raises any exception then it also sets
+        :attr:`Connection.our_state` to :data:`ERROR` -- see
+        :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        data_list = self.send_with_data_passthrough(event)
+        if data_list is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return b"".join(data_list)
+
+    def send_with_data_passthrough(self, event: Event) -> Optional[List[bytes]]:
+        """Identical to :meth:`send`, except that in situations where
+        :meth:`send` returns a single :term:`bytes-like object`, this instead
+        returns a list of them -- and when sending a :class:`Data` event, this
+        list is guaranteed to contain the exact object you passed in as
+        :attr:`Data.data`. See :ref:`sendfile` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        if self.our_state is ERROR:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Can't send data when our state is ERROR")
+        try:
+            if type(event) is Response:
+                event = self._clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(event)
+            # We want to call _process_event before calling the writer,
+            # because if someone tries to do something invalid then this will
+            # give a sensible error message, while our writers all just assume
+            # they will only receive valid events. But, _process_event might
+            # change self._writer. So we have to do a little dance:
+            writer = self._writer
+            self._process_event(self.our_role, event)
+            if type(event) is ConnectionClosed:
+                return None
+            else:
+                # In any situation where writer is None, process_event should
+                # have raised ProtocolError
+                assert writer is not None
+                data_list: List[bytes] = []
+                writer(event, data_list.append)
+                return data_list
+        except:
+            self._process_error(self.our_role)
+            raise
+
+    def send_failed(self) -> None:
+        """Notify the state machine that we failed to send the data it gave
+        us.
+
+        This causes :attr:`Connection.our_state` to immediately become
+        :data:`ERROR` -- see :ref:`error-handling` for discussion.
+
+        """
+        self._process_error(self.our_role)
+
+    # When sending a Response, we take responsibility for a few things:
+    #
+    # - Sometimes you MUST set Connection: close. We take care of those
+    #   times. (You can also set it yourself if you want, and if you do then
+    #   we'll respect that and close the connection at the right time. But you
+    #   don't have to worry about that unless you want to.)
+    #
+    # - The user has to set Content-Length if they want it. Otherwise, for
+    #   responses that have bodies (e.g. not HEAD), then we will automatically
+    #   select the right mechanism for streaming a body of unknown length,
+    #   which depends on depending on the peer's HTTP version.
+    #
+    # This function's *only* responsibility is making sure headers are set up
+    # right -- everything downstream just looks at the headers. There are no
+    # side channels.
+    def _clean_up_response_headers_for_sending(self, response: Response) -> Response:
+        assert type(response) is Response
+
+        headers = response.headers
+        need_close = False
+
+        # HEAD requests need some special handling: they always act like they
+        # have Content-Length: 0, and that's how _body_framing treats
+        # them. But their headers are supposed to match what we would send if
+        # the request was a GET. (Technically there is one deviation allowed:
+        # we're allowed to leave out the framing headers -- see
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.2 . But it's just as
+        # easy to get them right.)
+        method_for_choosing_headers = cast(bytes, self._request_method)
+        if method_for_choosing_headers == b"HEAD":
+            method_for_choosing_headers = b"GET"
+        framing_type, _ = _body_framing(method_for_choosing_headers, response)
+        if framing_type in ("chunked", "http/1.0"):
+            # This response has a body of unknown length.
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.1, we use Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+            # If our peer is HTTP/1.0, we use no framing headers, and close the
+            # connection afterwards.
+            #
+            # Make sure to clear Content-Length (in principle user could have
+            # set both and then we ignored Content-Length b/c
+            # Transfer-Encoding overwrote it -- this would be naughty of them,
+            # but the HTTP spec says that if our peer does this then we have
+            # to fix it instead of erroring out, so we'll accord the user the
+            # same respect).
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"content-length", [])
+            if self.their_http_version is None or self.their_http_version < b"1.1":
+                # Either we never got a valid request and are sending back an
+                # error (their_http_version is None), so we assume the worst;
+                # or else we did get a valid HTTP/1.0 request, so we know that
+                # they don't understand chunked encoding.
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [])
+                # This is actually redundant ATM, since currently we
+                # unconditionally disable keep-alive when talking to HTTP/1.0
+                # peers. But let's be defensive just in case we add
+                # Connection: keep-alive support later:
+                if self._request_method != b"HEAD":
+                    need_close = True
+            else:
+                headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"transfer-encoding", [b"chunked"])
+
+        if not self._cstate.keep_alive or need_close:
+            # Make sure Connection: close is set
+            connection = set(get_comma_header(headers, b"connection"))
+            connection.discard(b"keep-alive")
+            connection.add(b"close")
+            headers = set_comma_header(headers, b"connection", sorted(connection))
+
+        return Response(
+            headers=headers,
+            status_code=response.status_code,
+            http_version=response.http_version,
+            reason=response.reason,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_events.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca1c3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# High level events that make up HTTP/1.1 conversations. Loosely inspired by
+# the corresponding events in hyper-h2:
+#
+#     http://python-hyper.org/h2/en/stable/api.html#events
+#
+# Don't subclass these. Stuff will break.
+
+import re
+from abc import ABC
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._abnf import method, request_target
+from ._headers import Headers, normalize_and_validate
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "Event",
+    "Request",
+    "InformationalResponse",
+    "Response",
+    "Data",
+    "EndOfMessage",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+]
+
+method_re = re.compile(method.encode("ascii"))
+request_target_re = re.compile(request_target.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Event(ABC):
+    """
+    Base class for h11 events.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Request(Event):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP request.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: method
+
+       An HTTP method, e.g. ``b"GET"`` or ``b"POST"``. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: target
+
+       The target of an HTTP request, e.g. ``b"/index.html"``, or one of the
+       more exotic formats described in `RFC 7320, section 5.3
+       <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.3>`_. Always a byte
+       string. :term:`Bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` and native
+       strings containing only ascii characters will be automatically
+       converted to byte strings.
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("method", "headers", "target", "http_version")
+
+    method: bytes
+    headers: Headers
+    target: bytes
+    http_version: bytes
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        method: Union[bytes, str],
+        headers: Union[Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]]],
+        target: Union[bytes, str],
+        http_version: Union[bytes, str] = b"1.1",
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "headers", normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+            )
+        if not _parsed:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "method", bytesify(method))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "target", bytesify(target))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", bytesify(http_version))
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "method", method)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "target", target)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", http_version)
+
+        # "A server MUST respond with a 400 (Bad Request) status code to any
+        # HTTP/1.1 request message that lacks a Host header field and to any
+        # request message that contains more than one Host header field or a
+        # Host header field with an invalid field-value."
+        # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.4
+        host_count = 0
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"host":
+                host_count += 1
+        if self.http_version == b"1.1" and host_count == 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Missing mandatory Host: header")
+        if host_count > 1:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Found multiple Host: headers")
+
+        validate(method_re, self.method, "Illegal method characters")
+        validate(request_target_re, self.target, "Illegal target characters")
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class _ResponseBase(Event):
+    __slots__ = ("headers", "http_version", "reason", "status_code")
+
+    headers: Headers
+    http_version: bytes
+    reason: bytes
+    status_code: int
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headers: Union[Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]]],
+        status_code: int,
+        http_version: Union[bytes, str] = b"1.1",
+        reason: Union[bytes, str] = b"",
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "headers", normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+            )
+        if not _parsed:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "reason", bytesify(reason))
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", bytesify(http_version))
+            if not isinstance(status_code, int):
+                raise LocalProtocolError("status code must be integer")
+            # Because IntEnum objects are instances of int, but aren't
+            # duck-compatible (sigh), see gh-72.
+            object.__setattr__(self, "status_code", int(status_code))
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, "reason", reason)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "http_version", http_version)
+            object.__setattr__(self, "status_code", status_code)
+
+        self.__post_init__()
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class InformationalResponse(_ResponseBase):
+    """An HTTP informational response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`InformationalResponse`, this is always in the range [100,
+       200).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for
+       details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if not (100 <= self.status_code < 200):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "InformationalResponse status_code should be in range "
+                "[100, 200), not {}".format(self.status_code)
+            )
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Response(_ResponseBase):
+    """The beginning of an HTTP response.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: status_code
+
+       The status code of this response, as an integer. For an
+       :class:`Response`, this is always in the range [200,
+       1000).
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Request headers, represented as a list of (name, value) pairs. See
+       :ref:`the header normalization rules <headers-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: http_version
+
+       The HTTP protocol version, represented as a byte string like
+       ``b"1.1"``. See :ref:`the HTTP version normalization rules
+       <http_version-format>` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: reason
+
+       The reason phrase of this response, as a byte string. For example:
+       ``b"OK"``, or ``b"Not Found"``.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if not (200 <= self.status_code < 1000):
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "Response status_code should be in range [200, 1000), not {}".format(
+                    self.status_code
+                )
+            )
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class Data(Event):
+    """Part of an HTTP message body.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: data
+
+       A :term:`bytes-like object` containing part of a message body. Or, if
+       using the ``combine=False`` argument to :meth:`Connection.send`, then
+       any object that your socket writing code knows what to do with, and for
+       which calling :func:`len` returns the number of bytes that will be
+       written -- see :ref:`sendfile` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_start
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is from the start of a
+       chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when a Data
+       event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid on
+       events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    .. attribute:: chunk_end
+
+       A marker that indicates whether this data object is the last for a
+       given chunked transfer encoding chunk. This field is ignored when when
+       a Data event is provided to :meth:`Connection.send`: it is only valid
+       on events emitted from :meth:`Connection.next_event`. You probably
+       shouldn't use this attribute at all; see
+       :ref:`chunk-delimiters-are-bad` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("data", "chunk_start", "chunk_end")
+
+    data: bytes
+    chunk_start: bool
+    chunk_end: bool
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, data: bytes, chunk_start: bool = False, chunk_end: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, "data", data)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "chunk_start", chunk_start)
+        object.__setattr__(self, "chunk_end", chunk_end)
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+# XX FIXME: "A recipient MUST ignore (or consider as an error) any fields that
+# are forbidden to be sent in a trailer, since processing them as if they were
+# present in the header section might bypass external security filters."
+# https://svn.tools.ietf.org/svn/wg/httpbis/specs/rfc7230.html#chunked.trailer.part
+# Unfortunately, the list of forbidden fields is long and vague :-/
+@dataclass(init=False, frozen=True)
+class EndOfMessage(Event):
+    """The end of an HTTP message.
+
+    Fields:
+
+    .. attribute:: headers
+
+       Default value: ``[]``
+
+       Any trailing headers attached to this message, represented as a list of
+       (name, value) pairs. See :ref:`the header normalization rules
+       <headers-format>` for details.
+
+       Must be empty unless ``Transfer-Encoding: chunked`` is in use.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("headers",)
+
+    headers: Headers
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        headers: Union[
+            Headers, List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]], List[Tuple[str, str]], None
+        ] = None,
+        _parsed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = Headers([])
+        elif not isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            headers = normalize_and_validate(headers, _parsed=_parsed)
+
+        object.__setattr__(self, "headers", headers)
+
+    # This is an unhashable type.
+    __hash__ = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ConnectionClosed(Event):
+    """This event indicates that the sender has closed their outgoing
+    connection.
+
+    Note that this does not necessarily mean that they can't *receive* further
+    data, because TCP connections are composed to two one-way channels which
+    can be closed independently. See :ref:`closing` for details.
+
+    No fields.
+    """
+
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_headers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31da3e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+import re
+from typing import AnyStr, cast, List, overload, Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+from ._abnf import field_name, field_value
+from ._util import bytesify, LocalProtocolError, validate
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._events import Request
+
+try:
+    from typing import Literal
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal  # type: ignore
+
+CONTENT_LENGTH_MAX_DIGITS = 20  # allow up to 1 billion TB - 1
+
+
+# Facts
+# -----
+#
+# Headers are:
+#   keys: case-insensitive ascii
+#   values: mixture of ascii and raw bytes
+#
+# "Historically, HTTP has allowed field content with text in the ISO-8859-1
+# charset [ISO-8859-1], supporting other charsets only through use of
+# [RFC2047] encoding.  In practice, most HTTP header field values use only a
+# subset of the US-ASCII charset [USASCII]. Newly defined header fields SHOULD
+# limit their field values to US-ASCII octets.  A recipient SHOULD treat other
+# octets in field content (obs-text) as opaque data."
+# And it deprecates all non-ascii values
+#
+# Leading/trailing whitespace in header names is forbidden
+#
+# Values get leading/trailing whitespace stripped
+#
+# Content-Disposition actually needs to contain unicode semantically; to
+# accomplish this it has a terrifically weird way of encoding the filename
+# itself as ascii (and even this still has lots of cross-browser
+# incompatibilities)
+#
+# Order is important:
+# "a proxy MUST NOT change the order of these field values when forwarding a
+# message"
+# (and there are several headers where the order indicates a preference)
+#
+# Multiple occurences of the same header:
+# "A sender MUST NOT generate multiple header fields with the same field name
+# in a message unless either the entire field value for that header field is
+# defined as a comma-separated list [or the header is Set-Cookie which gets a
+# special exception]" - RFC 7230. (cookies are in RFC 6265)
+#
+# So every header aside from Set-Cookie can be merged by b", ".join if it
+# occurs repeatedly. But, of course, they can't necessarily be split by
+# .split(b","), because quoting.
+#
+# Given all this mess (case insensitive, duplicates allowed, order is
+# important, ...), there doesn't appear to be any standard way to handle
+# headers in Python -- they're almost like dicts, but... actually just
+# aren't. For now we punt and just use a super simple representation: headers
+# are a list of pairs
+#
+#   [(name1, value1), (name2, value2), ...]
+#
+# where all entries are bytestrings, names are lowercase and have no
+# leading/trailing whitespace, and values are bytestrings with no
+# leading/trailing whitespace. Searching and updating are done via naive O(n)
+# methods.
+#
+# Maybe a dict-of-lists would be better?
+
+_content_length_re = re.compile(rb"[0-9]+")
+_field_name_re = re.compile(field_name.encode("ascii"))
+_field_value_re = re.compile(field_value.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class Headers(Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]):
+    """
+    A list-like interface that allows iterating over headers as byte-pairs
+    of (lowercased-name, value).
+
+    Internally we actually store the representation as three-tuples,
+    including both the raw original casing, in order to preserve casing
+    over-the-wire, and the lowercased name, for case-insensitive comparisions.
+
+    r = Request(
+        method="GET",
+        target="/",
+        headers=[("Host", "example.org"), ("Connection", "keep-alive")],
+        http_version="1.1",
+    )
+    assert r.headers == [
+        (b"host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    assert r.headers.raw_items() == [
+        (b"Host", b"example.org"),
+        (b"Connection", b"keep-alive")
+    ]
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = "_full_items"
+
+    def __init__(self, full_items: List[Tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]]) -> None:
+        self._full_items = full_items
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._full_items)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return list(self) == list(other)  # type: ignore
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._full_items)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<Headers(%s)>" % repr(list(self))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        _, name, value = self._full_items[idx]
+        return (name, value)
+
+    def raw_items(self) -> List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return [(raw_name, value) for raw_name, _, value in self._full_items]
+
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+    List[Tuple[bytes, str]],
+    List[Tuple[str, bytes]],
+    List[Tuple[str, str]],
+]
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(headers: Headers, _parsed: Literal[True]) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(headers: HeaderTypes, _parsed: Literal[False]) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def normalize_and_validate(
+    headers: Union[Headers, HeaderTypes], _parsed: bool = False
+) -> Headers:
+    ...
+
+
+def normalize_and_validate(
+    headers: Union[Headers, HeaderTypes], _parsed: bool = False
+) -> Headers:
+    new_headers = []
+    seen_content_length = None
+    saw_transfer_encoding = False
+    for name, value in headers:
+        # For headers coming out of the parser, we can safely skip some steps,
+        # because it always returns bytes and has already run these regexes
+        # over the data:
+        if not _parsed:
+            name = bytesify(name)
+            value = bytesify(value)
+            validate(_field_name_re, name, "Illegal header name {!r}", name)
+            validate(_field_value_re, value, "Illegal header value {!r}", value)
+        assert isinstance(name, bytes)
+        assert isinstance(value, bytes)
+
+        raw_name = name
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == b"content-length":
+            lengths = {length.strip() for length in value.split(b",")}
+            if len(lengths) != 1:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+            value = lengths.pop()
+            validate(_content_length_re, value, "bad Content-Length")
+            if len(value) > CONTENT_LENGTH_MAX_DIGITS:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("bad Content-Length")
+            if seen_content_length is None:
+                seen_content_length = value
+                new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+            elif seen_content_length != value:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("conflicting Content-Length headers")
+        elif name == b"transfer-encoding":
+            # "A server that receives a request message with a transfer coding
+            # it does not understand SHOULD respond with 501 (Not
+            # Implemented)."
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.1
+            if saw_transfer_encoding:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "multiple Transfer-Encoding headers", error_status_hint=501
+                )
+            # "All transfer-coding names are case-insensitive"
+            # -- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-4
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value != b"chunked":
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Only Transfer-Encoding: chunked is supported",
+                    error_status_hint=501,
+                )
+            saw_transfer_encoding = True
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+        else:
+            new_headers.append((raw_name, name, value))
+    return Headers(new_headers)
+
+
+def get_comma_header(headers: Headers, name: bytes) -> List[bytes]:
+    # Should only be used for headers whose value is a list of
+    # comma-separated, case-insensitive values.
+    #
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Connection: meets these criteria (including cast insensitivity).
+    #
+    # Content-Length: technically is just a single value (1*DIGIT), but the
+    # standard makes reference to implementations that do multiple values, and
+    # using this doesn't hurt. Ditto, case insensitivity doesn't things either
+    # way.
+    #
+    # Transfer-Encoding: is more complex (allows for quoted strings), so
+    # splitting on , is actually wrong. For example, this is legal:
+    #
+    #    Transfer-Encoding: foo; options="1,2", chunked
+    #
+    # and should be parsed as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1,2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # but this naive function will parse it as
+    #
+    #    foo; options="1
+    #    2"
+    #    chunked
+    #
+    # However, this is okay because the only thing we are going to do with
+    # any Transfer-Encoding is reject ones that aren't just "chunked", so
+    # both of these will be treated the same anyway.
+    #
+    # Expect: the only legal value is the literal string
+    # "100-continue". Splitting on commas is harmless. Case insensitive.
+    #
+    out: List[bytes] = []
+    for _, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name == name:
+            found_raw_value = found_raw_value.lower()
+            for found_split_value in found_raw_value.split(b","):
+                found_split_value = found_split_value.strip()
+                if found_split_value:
+                    out.append(found_split_value)
+    return out
+
+
+def set_comma_header(headers: Headers, name: bytes, new_values: List[bytes]) -> Headers:
+    # The header name `name` is expected to be lower-case bytes.
+    #
+    # Note that when we store the header we use title casing for the header
+    # names, in order to match the conventional HTTP header style.
+    #
+    # Simply calling `.title()` is a blunt approach, but it's correct
+    # here given the cases where we're using `set_comma_header`...
+    #
+    # Connection, Content-Length, Transfer-Encoding.
+    new_headers: List[Tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+    for found_raw_name, found_name, found_raw_value in headers._full_items:
+        if found_name != name:
+            new_headers.append((found_raw_name, found_raw_value))
+    for new_value in new_values:
+        new_headers.append((name.title(), new_value))
+    return normalize_and_validate(new_headers)
+
+
+def has_expect_100_continue(request: "Request") -> bool:
+    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.1.1
+    # "A server that receives a 100-continue expectation in an HTTP/1.0 request
+    # MUST ignore that expectation."
+    if request.http_version < b"1.1":
+        return False
+    expect = get_comma_header(request.headers, b"expect")
+    return b"100-continue" in expect
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_readers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_readers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..576804c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_readers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each reader is a callable which takes a ReceiveBuffer object, and
+# either:
+# 1) consumes some of it and returns an Event
+# 2) raises a LocalProtocolError (for consistency -- e.g. we call validate()
+#    and it might raise a LocalProtocolError, so simpler just to always use
+#    this)
+# 3) returns None, meaning "I need more data"
+#
+# If they have a .read_eof attribute, then this will be called if an EOF is
+# received -- but this is optional. Either way, the actual ConnectionClosed
+# event will be generated afterwards.
+#
+# READERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a reader
+# - or, for body readers, a dict of per-framing reader factories
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, NoReturn, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._abnf import chunk_header, header_field, request_line, status_line
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage, InformationalResponse, Request, Response
+from ._receivebuffer import ReceiveBuffer
+from ._state import (
+    CLIENT,
+    CLOSED,
+    DONE,
+    IDLE,
+    MUST_CLOSE,
+    SEND_BODY,
+    SEND_RESPONSE,
+    SERVER,
+)
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError, Sentinel, validate
+
+__all__ = ["READERS"]
+
+header_field_re = re.compile(header_field.encode("ascii"))
+obs_fold_re = re.compile(rb"[ \t]+")
+
+
+def _obsolete_line_fold(lines: Iterable[bytes]) -> Iterable[bytes]:
+    it = iter(lines)
+    last: Optional[bytes] = None
+    for line in it:
+        match = obs_fold_re.match(line)
+        if match:
+            if last is None:
+                raise LocalProtocolError("continuation line at start of headers")
+            if not isinstance(last, bytearray):
+                # Cast to a mutable type, avoiding copy on append to ensure O(n) time
+                last = bytearray(last)
+            last += b" "
+            last += line[match.end() :]
+        else:
+            if last is not None:
+                yield last
+            last = line
+    if last is not None:
+        yield last
+
+
+def _decode_header_lines(
+    lines: Iterable[bytes],
+) -> Iterable[Tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    for line in _obsolete_line_fold(lines):
+        matches = validate(header_field_re, line, "illegal header line: {!r}", line)
+        yield (matches["field_name"], matches["field_value"])
+
+
+request_line_re = re.compile(request_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_IDLE_client(buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Optional[Request]:
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no request line received")
+    matches = validate(
+        request_line_re, lines[0], "illegal request line: {!r}", lines[0]
+    )
+    return Request(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])), _parsed=True, **matches
+    )
+
+
+status_line_re = re.compile(status_line.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+def maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server(
+    buf: ReceiveBuffer,
+) -> Union[InformationalResponse, Response, None]:
+    lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+    if lines is None:
+        if buf.is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line():
+            raise LocalProtocolError("illegal request line")
+        return None
+    if not lines:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("no response line received")
+    matches = validate(status_line_re, lines[0], "illegal status line: {!r}", lines[0])
+    http_version = (
+        b"1.1" if matches["http_version"] is None else matches["http_version"]
+    )
+    reason = b"" if matches["reason"] is None else matches["reason"]
+    status_code = int(matches["status_code"])
+    class_: Union[Type[InformationalResponse], Type[Response]] = (
+        InformationalResponse if status_code < 200 else Response
+    )
+    return class_(
+        headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines[1:])),
+        _parsed=True,
+        status_code=status_code,
+        reason=reason,
+        http_version=http_version,
+    )
+
+
+class ContentLengthReader:
+    def __init__(self, length: int) -> None:
+        self._length = length
+        self._remaining = length
+
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Union[Data, EndOfMessage, None]:
+        if self._remaining == 0:
+            return EndOfMessage()
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._remaining)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._remaining -= len(data)
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> NoReturn:
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(received {} bytes, expected {})".format(
+                self._length - self._remaining, self._length
+            )
+        )
+
+
+chunk_header_re = re.compile(chunk_header.encode("ascii"))
+
+
+class ChunkedReader:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._bytes_in_chunk = 0
+        # After reading a chunk, we have to throw away the trailing \r\n.
+        # This tracks the bytes that we need to match and throw away.
+        self._bytes_to_discard = b""
+        self._reading_trailer = False
+
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Union[Data, EndOfMessage, None]:
+        if self._reading_trailer:
+            lines = buf.maybe_extract_lines()
+            if lines is None:
+                return None
+            return EndOfMessage(headers=list(_decode_header_lines(lines)))
+        if self._bytes_to_discard:
+            data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(len(self._bytes_to_discard))
+            if data is None:
+                return None
+            if data != self._bytes_to_discard[: len(data)]:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    f"malformed chunk footer: {data!r} (expected {self._bytes_to_discard!r})"
+                )
+            self._bytes_to_discard = self._bytes_to_discard[len(data) :]
+            if self._bytes_to_discard:
+                return None
+            # else, fall through and read some more
+        assert self._bytes_to_discard == b""
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            # We need to refill our chunk count
+            chunk_header = buf.maybe_extract_next_line()
+            if chunk_header is None:
+                return None
+            matches = validate(
+                chunk_header_re,
+                chunk_header,
+                "illegal chunk header: {!r}",
+                chunk_header,
+            )
+            # XX FIXME: we discard chunk extensions. Does anyone care?
+            self._bytes_in_chunk = int(matches["chunk_size"], base=16)
+            if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+                self._reading_trailer = True
+                return self(buf)
+            chunk_start = True
+        else:
+            chunk_start = False
+        assert self._bytes_in_chunk > 0
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(self._bytes_in_chunk)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        self._bytes_in_chunk -= len(data)
+        if self._bytes_in_chunk == 0:
+            self._bytes_to_discard = b"\r\n"
+            chunk_end = True
+        else:
+            chunk_end = False
+        return Data(data=data, chunk_start=chunk_start, chunk_end=chunk_end)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> NoReturn:
+        raise RemoteProtocolError(
+            "peer closed connection without sending complete message body "
+            "(incomplete chunked read)"
+        )
+
+
+class Http10Reader:
+    def __call__(self, buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> Optional[Data]:
+        data = buf.maybe_extract_at_most(999999999)
+        if data is None:
+            return None
+        return Data(data=data)
+
+    def read_eof(self) -> EndOfMessage:
+        return EndOfMessage()
+
+
+def expect_nothing(buf: ReceiveBuffer) -> None:
+    if buf:
+        raise LocalProtocolError("Got data when expecting EOF")
+    return None
+
+
+ReadersType = Dict[
+    Union[Type[Sentinel], Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]],
+    Union[Callable[..., Any], Dict[str, Callable[..., Any]]],
+]
+
+READERS: ReadersType = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): maybe_read_from_IDLE_client,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): maybe_read_from_SEND_RESPONSE_server,
+    (CLIENT, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (CLIENT, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, DONE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, MUST_CLOSE): expect_nothing,
+    (SERVER, CLOSED): expect_nothing,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedReader,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthReader,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Reader,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5c4e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_receivebuffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+__all__ = ["ReceiveBuffer"]
+
+
+# Operations we want to support:
+# - find next \r\n or \r\n\r\n (\n or \n\n are also acceptable),
+#   or wait until there is one
+# - read at-most-N bytes
+# Goals:
+# - on average, do this fast
+# - worst case, do this in O(n) where n is the number of bytes processed
+# Plan:
+# - store bytearray, offset, how far we've searched for a separator token
+# - use the how-far-we've-searched data to avoid rescanning
+# - while doing a stream of uninterrupted processing, advance offset instead
+#   of constantly copying
+# WARNING:
+# - I haven't benchmarked or profiled any of this yet.
+#
+# Note that starting in Python 3.4, deleting the initial n bytes from a
+# bytearray is amortized O(n), thanks to some excellent work by Antoine
+# Martin:
+#
+#     https://bugs.python.org/issue19087
+#
+# This means that if we only supported 3.4+, we could get rid of the code here
+# involving self._start and self.compress, because it's doing exactly the same
+# thing that bytearray now does internally.
+#
+# BUT unfortunately, we still support 2.7, and reading short segments out of a
+# long buffer MUST be O(bytes read) to avoid DoS issues, so we can't actually
+# delete this code. Yet:
+#
+#     https://pythonclock.org/
+#
+# (Two things to double-check first though: make sure PyPy also has the
+# optimization, and benchmark to make sure it's a win, since we do have a
+# slightly clever thing where we delay calling compress() until we've
+# processed a whole event, which could in theory be slightly more efficient
+# than the internal bytearray support.)
+blank_line_regex = re.compile(b"\n\r?\n", re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+class ReceiveBuffer:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._data = bytearray()
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+    def __iadd__(self, byteslike: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> "ReceiveBuffer":
+        self._data += byteslike
+        return self
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(len(self))
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._data)
+
+    # for @property unprocessed_data
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self._data)
+
+    def _extract(self, count: int) -> bytearray:
+        # extracting an initial slice of the data buffer and return it
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        del self._data[:count]
+
+        self._next_line_search = 0
+        self._multiple_lines_search = 0
+
+        return out
+
+    def maybe_extract_at_most(self, count: int) -> Optional[bytearray]:
+        """
+        Extract a fixed number of bytes from the buffer.
+        """
+        out = self._data[:count]
+        if not out:
+            return None
+
+        return self._extract(count)
+
+    def maybe_extract_next_line(self) -> Optional[bytearray]:
+        """
+        Extract the first line, if it is completed in the buffer.
+        """
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        search_start_index = max(0, self._next_line_search - 1)
+        partial_idx = self._data.find(b"\r\n", search_start_index)
+
+        if partial_idx == -1:
+            self._next_line_search = len(self._data)
+            return None
+
+        # + 2 is to compensate len(b"\r\n")
+        idx = partial_idx + 2
+
+        return self._extract(idx)
+
+    def maybe_extract_lines(self) -> Optional[List[bytearray]]:
+        """
+        Extract everything up to the first blank line, and return a list of lines.
+        """
+        # Handle the case where we have an immediate empty line.
+        if self._data[:1] == b"\n":
+            self._extract(1)
+            return []
+
+        if self._data[:2] == b"\r\n":
+            self._extract(2)
+            return []
+
+        # Only search in buffer space that we've not already looked at.
+        match = blank_line_regex.search(self._data, self._multiple_lines_search)
+        if match is None:
+            self._multiple_lines_search = max(0, len(self._data) - 2)
+            return None
+
+        # Truncate the buffer and return it.
+        idx = match.span(0)[-1]
+        out = self._extract(idx)
+        lines = out.split(b"\n")
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.endswith(b"\r"):
+                del line[-1]
+
+        assert lines[-2] == lines[-1] == b""
+
+        del lines[-2:]
+
+        return lines
+
+    # In theory we should wait until `\r\n` before starting to validate
+    # incoming data. However it's interesting to detect (very) invalid data
+    # early given they might not even contain `\r\n` at all (hence only
+    # timeout will get rid of them).
+    # This is not a 100% effective detection but more of a cheap sanity check
+    # allowing for early abort in some useful cases.
+    # This is especially interesting when peer is messing up with HTTPS and
+    # sent us a TLS stream where we were expecting plain HTTP given all
+    # versions of TLS so far start handshake with a 0x16 message type code.
+    def is_next_line_obviously_invalid_request_line(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            # HTTP header line must not contain non-printable characters
+            # and should not start with a space
+            return self._data[0] < 0x21
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_state.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_state.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad444b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+################################################################
+# The core state machine
+################################################################
+#
+# Rule 1: everything that affects the state machine and state transitions must
+# live here in this file. As much as possible goes into the table-based
+# representation, but for the bits that don't quite fit, the actual code and
+# state must nonetheless live here.
+#
+# Rule 2: this file does not know about what role we're playing; it only knows
+# about HTTP request/response cycles in the abstract. This ensures that we
+# don't cheat and apply different rules to local and remote parties.
+#
+#
+# Theory of operation
+# ===================
+#
+# Possibly the simplest way to think about this is that we actually have 5
+# different state machines here. Yes, 5. These are:
+#
+# 1) The client state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 2) The server state, with its complicated automaton (see the docs)
+# 3) The keep-alive state, with possible states {True, False}
+# 4) The SWITCH_CONNECT state, with possible states {False, True}
+# 5) The SWITCH_UPGRADE state, with possible states {False, True}
+#
+# For (3)-(5), the first state listed is the initial state.
+#
+# (1)-(3) are stored explicitly in member variables. The last
+# two are stored implicitly in the pending_switch_proposals set as:
+#   (state of 4) == (_SWITCH_CONNECT in pending_switch_proposals)
+#   (state of 5) == (_SWITCH_UPGRADE in pending_switch_proposals)
+#
+# And each of these machines has two different kinds of transitions:
+#
+# a) Event-triggered
+# b) State-triggered
+#
+# Event triggered is the obvious thing that you'd think it is: some event
+# happens, and if it's the right event at the right time then a transition
+# happens. But there are somewhat complicated rules for which machines can
+# "see" which events. (As a rule of thumb, if a machine "sees" an event, this
+# means two things: the event can affect the machine, and if the machine is
+# not in a state where it expects that event then it's an error.) These rules
+# are:
+#
+# 1) The client machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the client.
+#
+# 2) The server machine sees all h11.events objects emitted by the server.
+#
+#    It also sees the client's Request event.
+#
+#    And sometimes, server events are annotated with a _SWITCH_* event. For
+#    example, we can have a (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT) event, which is
+#    different from a regular Response event.
+#
+# 3) The keep-alive machine sees the process_keep_alive_disabled() event
+#    (which is derived from Request/Response events), and this event
+#    transitions it from True -> False, or from False -> False. There's no way
+#    to transition back.
+#
+# 4&5) The _SWITCH_* machines transition from False->True when we get a
+#    Request that proposes the relevant type of switch (via
+#    process_client_switch_proposals), and they go from True->False when we
+#    get a Response that has no _SWITCH_* annotation.
+#
+# So that's event-triggered transitions.
+#
+# State-triggered transitions are less standard. What they do here is couple
+# the machines together. The way this works is, when certain *joint*
+# configurations of states are achieved, then we automatically transition to a
+# new *joint* state. So, for example, if we're ever in a joint state with
+#
+#   client: DONE
+#   keep-alive: False
+#
+# then the client state immediately transitions to:
+#
+#   client: MUST_CLOSE
+#
+# This is fundamentally different from an event-based transition, because it
+# doesn't matter how we arrived at the {client: DONE, keep-alive: False} state
+# -- maybe the client transitioned SEND_BODY -> DONE, or keep-alive
+# transitioned True -> False. Either way, once this precondition is satisfied,
+# this transition is immediately triggered.
+#
+# What if two conflicting state-based transitions get enabled at the same
+# time?  In practice there's only one case where this arises (client DONE ->
+# MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL versus DONE -> MUST_CLOSE), and we resolve it by
+# explicitly prioritizing the DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL transition.
+#
+# Implementation
+# --------------
+#
+# The event-triggered transitions for the server and client machines are all
+# stored explicitly in a table. Ditto for the state-triggered transitions that
+# involve just the server and client state.
+#
+# The transitions for the other machines, and the state-triggered transitions
+# that involve the other machines, are written out as explicit Python code.
+#
+# It'd be nice if there were some cleaner way to do all this. This isn't
+# *too* terrible, but I feel like it could probably be better.
+#
+# WARNING
+# -------
+#
+# The script that generates the state machine diagrams for the docs knows how
+# to read out the EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS and STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS
+# tables. But it can't automatically read the transitions that are written
+# directly in Python code. So if you touch those, you need to also update the
+# script to keep it in sync!
+from typing import cast, Dict, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._events import *
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, Sentinel
+
+# Everything in __all__ gets re-exported as part of the h11 public API.
+__all__ = [
+    "CLIENT",
+    "SERVER",
+    "IDLE",
+    "SEND_RESPONSE",
+    "SEND_BODY",
+    "DONE",
+    "MUST_CLOSE",
+    "CLOSED",
+    "MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL",
+    "SWITCHED_PROTOCOL",
+    "ERROR",
+]
+
+
+class CLIENT(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SERVER(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# States
+class IDLE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SEND_RESPONSE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SEND_BODY(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class DONE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class MUST_CLOSE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class CLOSED(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class ERROR(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+# Switch types
+class MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class SWITCHED_PROTOCOL(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SWITCH_UPGRADE(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SWITCH_CONNECT(Sentinel, metaclass=Sentinel):
+    pass
+
+
+EventTransitionType = Dict[
+    Type[Sentinel],
+    Dict[
+        Type[Sentinel],
+        Dict[Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]], Type[Sentinel]],
+    ],
+]
+
+EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS: EventTransitionType = {
+    CLIENT: {
+        IDLE: {Request: SEND_BODY, ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL: {},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+    SERVER: {
+        IDLE: {
+            ConnectionClosed: CLOSED,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            # Special case: server sees client Request events, in this form
+            (Request, CLIENT): SEND_RESPONSE,
+        },
+        SEND_RESPONSE: {
+            InformationalResponse: SEND_RESPONSE,
+            Response: SEND_BODY,
+            (InformationalResponse, _SWITCH_UPGRADE): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+            (Response, _SWITCH_CONNECT): SWITCHED_PROTOCOL,
+        },
+        SEND_BODY: {Data: SEND_BODY, EndOfMessage: DONE},
+        DONE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        MUST_CLOSE: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        CLOSED: {ConnectionClosed: CLOSED},
+        SWITCHED_PROTOCOL: {},
+        ERROR: {},
+    },
+}
+
+StateTransitionType = Dict[
+    Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]], Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]]
+]
+
+# NB: there are also some special-case state-triggered transitions hard-coded
+# into _fire_state_triggered_transitions below.
+STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS: StateTransitionType = {
+    # (Client state, Server state) -> new states
+    # Protocol negotiation
+    (MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL, SWITCHED_PROTOCOL): {CLIENT: SWITCHED_PROTOCOL},
+    # Socket shutdown
+    (CLOSED, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (CLOSED, IDLE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (ERROR, DONE): {SERVER: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (IDLE, CLOSED): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+    (DONE, ERROR): {CLIENT: MUST_CLOSE},
+}
+
+
+class ConnectionState:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Extra bits of state that don't quite fit into the state model.
+
+        # If this is False then it enables the automatic DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+        # transition. Don't set this directly; call .keep_alive_disabled()
+        self.keep_alive = True
+
+        # This is a subset of {UPGRADE, CONNECT}, containing the proposals
+        # made by the client for switching protocols.
+        self.pending_switch_proposals: Set[Type[Sentinel]] = set()
+
+        self.states: Dict[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]] = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
+
+    def process_error(self, role: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        self.states[role] = ERROR
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_keep_alive_disabled(self) -> None:
+        self.keep_alive = False
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_client_switch_proposal(self, switch_event: Type[Sentinel]) -> None:
+        self.pending_switch_proposals.add(switch_event)
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def process_event(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event_type: Type[Event],
+        server_switch_event: Optional[Type[Sentinel]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        _event_type: Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]] = event_type
+        if server_switch_event is not None:
+            assert role is SERVER
+            if server_switch_event not in self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                raise LocalProtocolError(
+                    "Received server _SWITCH_UPGRADE event without a pending proposal"
+                )
+            _event_type = (event_type, server_switch_event)
+        if server_switch_event is None and _event_type is Response:
+            self.pending_switch_proposals = set()
+        self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(role, _event_type)
+        # Special case: the server state does get to see Request
+        # events.
+        if _event_type is Request:
+            assert role is CLIENT
+            self._fire_event_triggered_transitions(SERVER, (Request, CLIENT))
+        self._fire_state_triggered_transitions()
+
+    def _fire_event_triggered_transitions(
+        self,
+        role: Type[Sentinel],
+        event_type: Union[Type[Event], Tuple[Type[Event], Type[Sentinel]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        state = self.states[role]
+        try:
+            new_state = EVENT_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS[role][state][event_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            event_type = cast(Type[Event], event_type)
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                "can't handle event type {} when role={} and state={}".format(
+                    event_type.__name__, role, self.states[role]
+                )
+            ) from None
+        self.states[role] = new_state
+
+    def _fire_state_triggered_transitions(self) -> None:
+        # We apply these rules repeatedly until converging on a fixed point
+        while True:
+            start_states = dict(self.states)
+
+            # It could happen that both these special-case transitions are
+            # enabled at the same time:
+            #
+            #    DONE -> MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+            #    DONE -> MUST_CLOSE
+            #
+            # For example, this will always be true of a HTTP/1.0 client
+            # requesting CONNECT.  If this happens, the protocol switch takes
+            # priority. From there the client will either go to
+            # SWITCHED_PROTOCOL, in which case it's none of our business when
+            # they close the connection, or else the server will deny the
+            # request, in which case the client will go back to DONE and then
+            # from there to MUST_CLOSE.
+            if self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is DONE:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL
+
+            if not self.pending_switch_proposals:
+                if self.states[CLIENT] is MIGHT_SWITCH_PROTOCOL:
+                    self.states[CLIENT] = DONE
+
+            if not self.keep_alive:
+                for role in (CLIENT, SERVER):
+                    if self.states[role] is DONE:
+                        self.states[role] = MUST_CLOSE
+
+            # Tabular state-triggered transitions
+            joint_state = (self.states[CLIENT], self.states[SERVER])
+            changes = STATE_TRIGGERED_TRANSITIONS.get(joint_state, {})
+            self.states.update(changes)
+
+            if self.states == start_states:
+                # Fixed point reached
+                return
+
+    def start_next_cycle(self) -> None:
+        if self.states != {CLIENT: DONE, SERVER: DONE}:
+            raise LocalProtocolError(
+                f"not in a reusable state. self.states={self.states}"
+            )
+        # Can't reach DONE/DONE with any of these active, but still, let's be
+        # sure.
+        assert self.keep_alive
+        assert not self.pending_switch_proposals
+        self.states = {CLIENT: IDLE, SERVER: IDLE}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_util.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6718445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, NoReturn, Pattern, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "validate",
+    "bytesify",
+]
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    """Exception indicating a violation of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
+
+    This as an abstract base class, with two concrete base classes:
+    :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, which indicates that you tried to do something
+    that HTTP/1.1 says is illegal, and :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, which
+    indicates that the remote peer tried to do something that HTTP/1.1 says is
+    illegal. See :ref:`error-handling` for details.
+
+    In addition to the normal :exc:`Exception` features, it has one attribute:
+
+    .. attribute:: error_status_hint
+
+       This gives a suggestion as to what status code a server might use if
+       this error occurred as part of a request.
+
+       For a :exc:`RemoteProtocolError`, this is useful as a suggestion for
+       how you might want to respond to a misbehaving peer, if you're
+       implementing a server.
+
+       For a :exc:`LocalProtocolError`, this can be taken as a suggestion for
+       how your peer might have responded to *you* if h11 had allowed you to
+       continue.
+
+       The default is 400 Bad Request, a generic catch-all for protocol
+       violations.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, error_status_hint: int = 400) -> None:
+        if type(self) is ProtocolError:
+            raise TypeError("tried to directly instantiate ProtocolError")
+        Exception.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.error_status_hint = error_status_hint
+
+
+# Strategy: there are a number of public APIs where a LocalProtocolError can
+# be raised (send(), all the different event constructors, ...), and only one
+# public API where RemoteProtocolError can be raised
+# (receive_data()). Therefore we always raise LocalProtocolError internally,
+# and then receive_data will translate this into a RemoteProtocolError.
+#
+# Internally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is the generic "ProtocolError".
+# Externally:
+#   LocalProtocolError is for local errors and RemoteProtocolError is for
+#   remote errors.
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    def _reraise_as_remote_protocol_error(self) -> NoReturn:
+        # After catching a LocalProtocolError, use this method to re-raise it
+        # as a RemoteProtocolError. This method must be called from inside an
+        # except: block.
+        #
+        # An easy way to get an equivalent RemoteProtocolError is just to
+        # modify 'self' in place.
+        self.__class__ = RemoteProtocolError  # type: ignore
+        # But the re-raising is somewhat non-trivial -- you might think that
+        # now that we've modified the in-flight exception object, that just
+        # doing 'raise' to re-raise it would be enough. But it turns out that
+        # this doesn't work, because Python tracks the exception type
+        # (exc_info[0]) separately from the exception object (exc_info[1]),
+        # and we only modified the latter. So we really do need to re-raise
+        # the new type explicitly.
+        # On py3, the traceback is part of the exception object, so our
+        # in-place modification preserved it and we can just re-raise:
+        raise self
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+def validate(
+    regex: Pattern[bytes], data: bytes, msg: str = "malformed data", *format_args: Any
+) -> Dict[str, bytes]:
+    match = regex.fullmatch(data)
+    if not match:
+        if format_args:
+            msg = msg.format(*format_args)
+        raise LocalProtocolError(msg)
+    return match.groupdict()
+
+
+# Sentinel values
+#
+# - Inherit identity-based comparison and hashing from object
+# - Have a nice repr
+# - Have a *bonus property*: type(sentinel) is sentinel
+#
+# The bonus property is useful if you want to take the return value from
+# next_event() and do some sort of dispatch based on type(event).
+
+_T_Sentinel = TypeVar("_T_Sentinel", bound="Sentinel")
+
+
+class Sentinel(type):
+    def __new__(
+        cls: Type[_T_Sentinel],
+        name: str,
+        bases: Tuple[type, ...],
+        namespace: Dict[str, Any],
+        **kwds: Any
+    ) -> _T_Sentinel:
+        assert bases == (Sentinel,)
+        v = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwds)
+        v.__class__ = v  # type: ignore
+        return v
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__name__
+
+
+# Used for methods, request targets, HTTP versions, header names, and header
+# values. Accepts ascii-strings, or bytes/bytearray/memoryview/..., and always
+# returns bytes.
+def bytesify(s: Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview, int, str]) -> bytes:
+    # Fast-path:
+    if type(s) is bytes:
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, str):
+        s = s.encode("ascii")
+    if isinstance(s, int):
+        raise TypeError("expected bytes-like object, not int")
+    return bytes(s)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76e7327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file must be kept very simple, because it is consumed from several
+# places -- it is imported by h11/__init__.py, execfile'd by setup.py, etc.
+
+# We use a simple scheme:
+#   1.0.0 -> 1.0.0+dev -> 1.1.0 -> 1.1.0+dev
+# where the +dev versions are never released into the wild, they're just what
+# we stick into the VCS in between releases.
+#
+# This is compatible with PEP 440:
+#   http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/
+# via the use of the "local suffix" "+dev", which is disallowed on index
+# servers and causes 1.0.0+dev to sort after plain 1.0.0, which is what we
+# want. (Contrast with the special suffix 1.0.0.dev, which sorts *before*
+# 1.0.0.)
+
+__version__ = "0.16.0"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_writers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_writers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..939cdb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/_writers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Code to read HTTP data
+#
+# Strategy: each writer takes an event + a write-some-bytes function, which is
+# calls.
+#
+# WRITERS is a dict describing how to pick a reader. It maps states to either:
+# - a writer
+# - or, for body writers, a dict of framin-dependent writer factories
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ._events import Data, EndOfMessage, Event, InformationalResponse, Request, Response
+from ._headers import Headers
+from ._state import CLIENT, IDLE, SEND_BODY, SEND_RESPONSE, SERVER
+from ._util import LocalProtocolError, Sentinel
+
+__all__ = ["WRITERS"]
+
+Writer = Callable[[bytes], Any]
+
+
+def write_headers(headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+    # "Since the Host field-value is critical information for handling a
+    # request, a user agent SHOULD generate Host as the first header field
+    # following the request-line." - RFC 7230
+    raw_items = headers._full_items
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name == b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    for raw_name, name, value in raw_items:
+        if name != b"host":
+            write(b"%s: %s\r\n" % (raw_name, value))
+    write(b"\r\n")
+
+
+def write_request(request: Request, write: Writer) -> None:
+    if request.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    write(b"%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n" % (request.method, request.target))
+    write_headers(request.headers, write)
+
+
+# Shared between InformationalResponse and Response
+def write_any_response(
+    response: Union[InformationalResponse, Response], write: Writer
+) -> None:
+    if response.http_version != b"1.1":
+        raise LocalProtocolError("I only send HTTP/1.1")
+    status_bytes = str(response.status_code).encode("ascii")
+    # We don't bother sending ascii status messages like "OK"; they're
+    # optional and ignored by the protocol. (But the space after the numeric
+    # status code is mandatory.)
+    #
+    # XX FIXME: could at least make an effort to pull out the status message
+    # from stdlib's http.HTTPStatus table. Or maybe just steal their enums
+    # (either by import or copy/paste). We already accept them as status codes
+    # since they're of type IntEnum < int.
+    write(b"HTTP/1.1 %s %s\r\n" % (status_bytes, response.reason))
+    write_headers(response.headers, write)
+
+
+class BodyWriter:
+    def __call__(self, event: Event, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if type(event) is Data:
+            self.send_data(event.data, write)
+        elif type(event) is EndOfMessage:
+            self.send_eom(event.headers, write)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            assert False
+
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+#
+# These are all careful not to do anything to 'data' except call len(data) and
+# write(data). This allows us to transparently pass-through funny objects,
+# like placeholder objects referring to files on disk that will be sent via
+# sendfile(2).
+#
+class ContentLengthWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def __init__(self, length: int) -> None:
+        self._length = length
+
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        self._length -= len(data)
+        if self._length < 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too much data for declared Content-Length")
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if self._length != 0:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Too little data for declared Content-Length")
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("Content-Length and trailers don't mix")
+
+
+class ChunkedWriter(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        # if we encoded 0-length data in the naive way, it would look like an
+        # end-of-message.
+        if not data:
+            return
+        write(b"%x\r\n" % len(data))
+        write(data)
+        write(b"\r\n")
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        write(b"0\r\n")
+        write_headers(headers, write)
+
+
+class Http10Writer(BodyWriter):
+    def send_data(self, data: bytes, write: Writer) -> None:
+        write(data)
+
+    def send_eom(self, headers: Headers, write: Writer) -> None:
+        if headers:
+            raise LocalProtocolError("can't send trailers to HTTP/1.0 client")
+        # no need to close the socket ourselves, that will be taken care of by
+        # Connection: close machinery
+
+
+WritersType = Dict[
+    Union[Tuple[Type[Sentinel], Type[Sentinel]], Type[Sentinel]],
+    Union[
+        Dict[str, Type[BodyWriter]],
+        Callable[[Union[InformationalResponse, Response], Writer], None],
+        Callable[[Request, Writer], None],
+    ],
+]
+
+WRITERS: WritersType = {
+    (CLIENT, IDLE): write_request,
+    (SERVER, IDLE): write_any_response,
+    (SERVER, SEND_RESPONSE): write_any_response,
+    SEND_BODY: {
+        "chunked": ChunkedWriter,
+        "content-length": ContentLengthWriter,
+        "http/1.0": Http10Writer,
+    },
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5642f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/h11/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Marker
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8056834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: httpcore
+Version: 1.0.9
+Summary: A minimal low-level HTTP client.
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://www.encode.io/httpcore
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://www.encode.io/httpcore/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/encode/httpcore
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Framework :: Trio
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Dist: certifi
+Requires-Dist: h11>=0.16
+Provides-Extra: asyncio
+Requires-Dist: anyio<5.0,>=4.0; extra == 'asyncio'
+Provides-Extra: http2
+Requires-Dist: h2<5,>=3; extra == 'http2'
+Provides-Extra: socks
+Requires-Dist: socksio==1.*; extra == 'socks'
+Provides-Extra: trio
+Requires-Dist: trio<1.0,>=0.22.0; extra == 'trio'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# HTTP Core
+
+[![Test Suite](https://github.com/encode/httpcore/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg)](https://github.com/encode/httpcore/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/httpcore.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/httpcore/)
+
+> *Do one thing, and do it well.*
+
+The HTTP Core package provides a minimal low-level HTTP client, which does
+one thing only. Sending HTTP requests.
+
+It does not provide any high level model abstractions over the API,
+does not handle redirects, multipart uploads, building authentication headers,
+transparent HTTP caching, URL parsing, session cookie handling,
+content or charset decoding, handling JSON, environment based configuration
+defaults, or any of that Jazz.
+
+Some things HTTP Core does do:
+
+* Sending HTTP requests.
+* Thread-safe / task-safe connection pooling.
+* HTTP(S) proxy & SOCKS proxy support.
+* Supports HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2.
+* Provides both sync and async interfaces.
+* Async backend support for `asyncio` and `trio`.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Python 3.8+
+
+## Installation
+
+For HTTP/1.1 only support, install with:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpcore
+```
+
+There are also a number of optional extras available...
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpcore['asyncio,trio,http2,socks']
+```
+
+## Sending requests
+
+Send an HTTP request:
+
+```python
+import httpcore
+
+response = httpcore.request("GET", "https://www.example.com/")
+
+print(response)
+# <Response [200]>
+print(response.status)
+# 200
+print(response.headers)
+# [(b'Accept-Ranges', b'bytes'), (b'Age', b'557328'), (b'Cache-Control', b'max-age=604800'), ...]
+print(response.content)
+# b'<!doctype html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Example Domain</title>\n\n<meta charset="utf-8"/>\n ...'
+```
+
+The top-level `httpcore.request()` function is provided for convenience. In practice whenever you're working with `httpcore` you'll want to use the connection pooling functionality that it provides.
+
+```python
+import httpcore
+
+http = httpcore.ConnectionPool()
+response = http.request("GET", "https://www.example.com/")
+```
+
+Once you're ready to get going, [head over to the documentation](https://www.encode.io/httpcore/).
+
+## Motivation
+
+You *probably* don't want to be using HTTP Core directly. It might make sense if
+you're writing something like a proxy service in Python, and you just want
+something at the lowest possible level, but more typically you'll want to use
+a higher level client library, such as `httpx`.
+
+The motivation for `httpcore` is:
+
+* To provide a reusable low-level client library, that other packages can then build on top of.
+* To provide a *really clear interface split* between the networking code and client logic,
+  so that each is easier to understand and reason about in isolation.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+The `httpcore` package has the following dependencies...
+
+* `h11`
+* `certifi`
+
+And the following optional extras...
+
+* `anyio` - Required by `pip install httpcore['asyncio']`.
+* `trio` - Required by `pip install httpcore['trio']`.
+* `h2` - Required by `pip install httpcore['http2']`.
+* `socksio` - Required by `pip install httpcore['socks']`.
+
+## Versioning
+
+We use [SEMVER for our versioning policy](https://semver.org/).
+
+For changes between package versions please see our [project changelog](CHANGELOG.md).
+
+We recommend pinning your requirements either the most current major version, or a more specific version range:
+
+```python
+pip install 'httpcore==1.*'
+```
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
+
+## Version 1.0.9 (April 24th, 2025)
+
+- Resolve https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vqfr-h8mv-ghfj with h11 dependency update. (#1008)
+
+## Version 1.0.8 (April 11th, 2025)
+
+- Fix `AttributeError` when importing on Python 3.14. (#1005)
+
+## Version 1.0.7 (November 15th, 2024)
+
+- Support `proxy=…` configuration on `ConnectionPool()`. (#974)
+
+## Version 1.0.6 (October 1st, 2024)
+
+- Relax `trio` dependency pinning. (#956)
+- Handle `trio` raising `NotImplementedError` on unsupported platforms. (#955)
+- Handle mapping `ssl.SSLError` to `httpcore.ConnectError`. (#918)
+
+## 1.0.5 (March 27th, 2024)
+
+- Handle `EndOfStream` exception for anyio backend. (#899)
+- Allow trio `0.25.*` series in package dependancies. (#903)
+
+## 1.0.4 (February 21st, 2024)
+
+- Add `target` request extension. (#888)
+- Fix support for connection `Upgrade` and `CONNECT` when some data in the stream has been read. (#882)
+
+## 1.0.3 (February 13th, 2024)
+
+- Fix support for async cancellations. (#880)
+- Fix trace extension when used with socks proxy. (#849)
+- Fix SSL context for connections using the "wss" scheme (#869)
+
+## 1.0.2 (November 10th, 2023)
+
+- Fix `float("inf")` timeouts in `Event.wait` function. (#846)
+
+## 1.0.1 (November 3rd, 2023)
+
+- Fix pool timeout to account for the total time spent retrying. (#823)
+- Raise a neater RuntimeError when the correct async deps are not installed. (#826)
+- Add support for synchronous TLS-in-TLS streams. (#840)
+
+## 1.0.0 (October 6th, 2023)
+
+From version 1.0 our async support is now optional, as the package has minimal dependencies by default.
+
+For async support use either `pip install 'httpcore[asyncio]'` or `pip install 'httpcore[trio]'`.
+
+The project versioning policy is now explicitly governed by SEMVER. See https://semver.org/.
+
+- Async support becomes fully optional. (#809)
+- Add support for Python 3.12. (#807)
+
+## 0.18.0 (September 8th, 2023)
+
+- Add support for HTTPS proxies. (#745, #786)
+- Drop Python 3.7 support. (#727)
+- Handle `sni_hostname` extension with SOCKS proxy. (#774)
+- Handle HTTP/1.1 half-closed connections gracefully. (#641)
+- Change the type of `Extensions` from `Mapping[Str, Any]` to `MutableMapping[Str, Any]`. (#762)
+
+## 0.17.3 (July 5th, 2023)
+
+- Support async cancellations, ensuring that the connection pool is left in a clean state when cancellations occur. (#726)
+- The networking backend interface has [been added to the public API](https://www.encode.io/httpcore/network-backends). Some classes which were previously private implementation detail are now part of the top-level public API. (#699)
+- Graceful handling of HTTP/2 GoAway frames, with requests being transparently retried on a new connection. (#730)
+- Add exceptions when a synchronous `trace callback` is passed to an asynchronous request or an asynchronous `trace callback` is passed to a synchronous request. (#717)
+- Drop Python 3.7 support. (#727)
+
+## 0.17.2 (May 23th, 2023)
+
+- Add `socket_options` argument to `ConnectionPool` and `HTTProxy` classes. (#668)
+- Improve logging with per-module logger names. (#690)
+- Add `sni_hostname` request extension. (#696)
+- Resolve race condition during import of `anyio` package. (#692)
+- Enable TCP_NODELAY for all synchronous sockets. (#651)
+
+## 0.17.1 (May 17th, 2023)
+
+- If 'retries' is set, then allow retries if an SSL handshake error occurs. (#669)
+- Improve correctness of tracebacks on network exceptions, by raising properly chained exceptions. (#678)
+- Prevent connection-hanging behaviour when HTTP/2 connections are closed by a server-sent 'GoAway' frame. (#679)
+- Fix edge-case exception when removing requests from the connection pool. (#680)
+- Fix pool timeout edge-case. (#688)
+
+## 0.17.0 (March 16th, 2023)
+
+- Add DEBUG level logging. (#648)
+- Respect HTTP/2 max concurrent streams when settings updates are sent by server. (#652)
+- Increase the allowable HTTP header size to 100kB. (#647)
+- Add `retries` option to SOCKS proxy classes. (#643)
+
+## 0.16.3 (December 20th, 2022)
+
+- Allow `ws` and `wss` schemes. Allows us to properly support websocket upgrade connections. (#625)
+- Forwarding HTTP proxies use a connection-per-remote-host. Required by some proxy implementations. (#637)
+- Don't raise `RuntimeError` when closing a connection pool with active connections. Removes some error cases when cancellations are used. (#631)
+- Lazy import `anyio`, so that it's no longer a hard dependancy, and isn't imported if unused. (#639)
+
+## 0.16.2 (November 25th, 2022)
+
+- Revert 'Fix async cancellation behaviour', which introduced race conditions. (#627)
+- Raise `RuntimeError` if attempting to us UNIX domain sockets on Windows. (#619)
+
+## 0.16.1 (November 17th, 2022)
+
+- Fix HTTP/1.1 interim informational responses, such as "100 Continue". (#605)
+
+## 0.16.0 (October 11th, 2022)
+
+- Support HTTP/1.1 informational responses. (#581)
+- Fix async cancellation behaviour. (#580)
+- Support `h11` 0.14. (#579)
+
+## 0.15.0 (May 17th, 2022)
+
+- Drop Python 3.6 support (#535)
+- Ensure HTTP proxy CONNECT requests include `timeout` configuration. (#506)
+- Switch to explicit `typing.Optional` for type hints. (#513)
+- For `trio` map OSError exceptions to `ConnectError`. (#543)
+
+## 0.14.7 (February 4th, 2022)
+
+- Requests which raise a PoolTimeout need to be removed from the pool queue. (#502)
+- Fix AttributeError that happened when Socks5Connection were terminated. (#501)
+
+## 0.14.6 (February 1st, 2022)
+
+- Fix SOCKS support for `http://` URLs. (#492)
+- Resolve race condition around exceptions during streaming a response. (#491)
+
+## 0.14.5 (January 18th, 2022)
+
+- SOCKS proxy support. (#478)
+- Add proxy_auth argument to HTTPProxy. (#481)
+- Improve error message on 'RemoteProtocolError' exception when server disconnects without sending a response. (#479)
+
+## 0.14.4 (January 5th, 2022)
+
+- Support HTTP/2 on HTTPS tunnelling proxies. (#468)
+- Fix proxy headers missing on HTTP forwarding. (#456)
+- Only instantiate SSL context if required. (#457)
+- More robust HTTP/2 handling. (#253, #439, #440, #441)
+
+## 0.14.3 (November 17th, 2021)
+
+- Fix race condition when removing closed connections from the pool. (#437)
+
+## 0.14.2 (November 16th, 2021)
+
+- Failed connections no longer remain in the pool. (Pull #433)
+
+## 0.14.1 (November 12th, 2021)
+
+- `max_connections` becomes optional. (Pull #429)
+- `certifi` is now included in the install dependancies. (Pull #428)
+- `h2` is now strictly optional. (Pull #428)
+
+## 0.14.0 (November 11th, 2021)
+
+The 0.14 release is a complete reworking of `httpcore`, comprehensively addressing some underlying issues in the connection pooling, as well as substantially redesigning the API to be more user friendly.
+
+Some of the lower-level API design also makes the components more easily testable in isolation, and the package now has 100% test coverage.
+
+See [discussion #419](https://github.com/encode/httpcore/discussions/419) for a little more background.
+
+There's some other neat bits in there too, such as the "trace" extension, which gives a hook into inspecting the internal events that occur during the request/response cycle. This extension is needed for the HTTPX cli, in order to...
+
+* Log the point at which the connection is established, and the IP/port on which it is made.
+* Determine if the outgoing request should log as HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2, rather than having to assume it's HTTP/2 if the --http2 flag was passed. (Which may not actually be true.)
+* Log SSL version info / certificate info.
+
+Note that `curio` support is not currently available in 0.14.0. If you're using `httpcore` with `curio` please get in touch, so we can assess if we ought to prioritize it as a feature or not.
+
+## 0.13.7 (September 13th, 2021)
+
+- Fix broken error messaging when URL scheme is missing, or a non HTTP(S) scheme is used. (Pull #403)
+
+## 0.13.6 (June 15th, 2021)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Close sockets when read or write timeouts occur. (Pull #365)
+
+## 0.13.5 (June 14th, 2021)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Resolved niggles with AnyIO EOF behaviours. (Pull #358, #362)
+
+## 0.13.4 (June 9th, 2021)
+
+### Added
+
+- Improved error messaging when URL scheme is missing, or a non HTTP(S) scheme is used. (Pull #354)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Switched to `anyio` as the default backend implementation when running with `asyncio`. Resolves some awkward [TLS timeout issues](https://github.com/encode/httpx/discussions/1511).
+
+## 0.13.3 (May 6th, 2021)
+
+### Added
+
+- Support HTTP/2 prior knowledge, using `httpcore.SyncConnectionPool(http1=False)`. (Pull #333)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Handle cases where environment does not provide `select.poll` support. (Pull #331)
+
+## 0.13.2 (April 29th, 2021)
+
+### Added
+
+- Improve error message for specific case of `RemoteProtocolError` where server disconnects without sending a response. (Pull #313)
+
+## 0.13.1 (April 28th, 2021)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- More resiliant testing for closed connections. (Pull #311)
+- Don't raise exceptions on ungraceful connection closes. (Pull #310)
+
+## 0.13.0 (April 21st, 2021)
+
+The 0.13 release updates the core API in order to match the HTTPX Transport API,
+introduced in HTTPX 0.18 onwards.
+
+An example of making requests with the new interface is:
+
+```python
+with httpcore.SyncConnectionPool() as http:
+    status_code, headers, stream, extensions = http.handle_request(
+        method=b'GET',
+        url=(b'https', b'example.org', 443, b'/'),
+        headers=[(b'host', b'example.org'), (b'user-agent', b'httpcore')]
+        stream=httpcore.ByteStream(b''),
+        extensions={}
+    )
+    body = stream.read()
+    print(status_code, body)
+```
+
+### Changed
+
+- The `.request()` method is now `handle_request()`. (Pull #296)
+- The `.arequest()` method is now `.handle_async_request()`. (Pull #296)
+- The `headers` argument is no longer optional. (Pull #296)
+- The `stream` argument is no longer optional. (Pull #296)
+- The `ext` argument is now named `extensions`, and is no longer optional. (Pull #296)
+- The `"reason"` extension keyword is now named `"reason_phrase"`. (Pull #296)
+- The `"reason_phrase"` and `"http_version"` extensions now use byte strings for their values. (Pull #296)
+- The `httpcore.PlainByteStream()` class becomes `httpcore.ByteStream()`. (Pull #296)
+
+### Added
+
+- Streams now support a `.read()` interface. (Pull #296)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Task cancellation no longer leaks connections from the connection pool. (Pull #305)
+
+## 0.12.3 (December 7th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Abort SSL connections on close rather than waiting for remote EOF when using `asyncio`.  (Pull #167)
+- Fix exception raised in case of connect timeouts when using the `anyio` backend. (Pull #236)
+- Fix `Host` header precedence for `:authority` in HTTP/2. (Pull #241, #243)
+- Handle extra edge case when detecting for socket readability when using `asyncio`. (Pull #242, #244)
+- Fix `asyncio` SSL warning when using proxy tunneling. (Pull #249)
+
+## 0.12.2 (November 20th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Properly wrap connect errors on the asyncio backend. (Pull #235)
+- Fix `ImportError` occurring on Python 3.9 when using the HTTP/1.1 sync client in a multithreaded context. (Pull #237)
+
+## 0.12.1 (November 7th, 2020)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add connect retries. (Pull #221)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Tweak detection of dropped connections, resolving an issue with open files limits on Linux. (Pull #185)
+- Avoid leaking connections when establishing an HTTP tunnel to a proxy has failed. (Pull #223)
+- Properly wrap OS errors when using `trio`. (Pull #225)
+
+## 0.12.0 (October 6th, 2020)
+
+### Changed
+
+- HTTP header casing is now preserved, rather than always sent in lowercase. (#216 and python-hyper/h11#104)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add Python 3.9 to officially supported versions.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Gracefully handle a stdlib asyncio bug when a connection is closed while it is in a paused-for-reading state. (#201)
+
+## 0.11.1 (September 28nd, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Add await to async semaphore release() coroutine (#197)
+- Drop incorrect curio classifier (#192)
+
+## 0.11.0 (September 22nd, 2020)
+
+The Transport API with 0.11.0 has a couple of significant changes.
+
+Firstly we've moved changed the request interface in order to allow extensions, which will later enable us to support features
+such as trailing headers, HTTP/2 server push, and CONNECT/Upgrade connections.
+
+The interface changes from:
+
+```python
+def request(method, url, headers, stream, timeout):
+    return (http_version, status_code, reason, headers, stream)
+```
+
+To instead including an optional dictionary of extensions on the request and response:
+
+```python
+def request(method, url, headers, stream, ext):
+    return (status_code, headers, stream, ext)
+```
+
+Having an open-ended extensions point will allow us to add later support for various optional features, that wouldn't otherwise be supported without these API changes.
+
+In particular:
+
+* Trailing headers support.
+* HTTP/2 Server Push
+* sendfile.
+* Exposing raw connection on CONNECT, Upgrade, HTTP/2 bi-di streaming.
+* Exposing debug information out of the API, including template name, template context.
+
+Currently extensions are limited to:
+
+* request: `timeout` - Optional. Timeout dictionary.
+* response: `http_version` - Optional. Include the HTTP version used on the response.
+* response: `reason` - Optional. Include the reason phrase used on the response. Only valid with HTTP/1.*.
+
+See https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/1274#issuecomment-694884553 for the history behind this.
+
+Secondly, the async version of `request` is now namespaced as `arequest`.
+
+This allows concrete transports to support both sync and async implementations on the same class.
+
+### Added
+
+- Add curio support. (Pull #168)
+- Add anyio support, with `backend="anyio"`. (Pull #169)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Update the Transport API to use 'ext' for optional extensions. (Pull #190)
+- Update the Transport API to use `.request` and `.arequest` so implementations can support both sync and async. (Pull #189)
+
+## 0.10.2 (August 20th, 2020)
+
+### Added
+
+- Added Unix Domain Socket support. (Pull #139)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Always include the port on proxy CONNECT requests. (Pull #154)
+- Fix `max_keepalive_connections` configuration. (Pull #153)
+- Fixes behaviour in HTTP/1.1 where server disconnects can be used to signal the end of the response body. (Pull #164)
+
+## 0.10.1 (August 7th, 2020)
+
+- Include `max_keepalive_connections` on `AsyncHTTPProxy`/`SyncHTTPProxy` classes.
+
+## 0.10.0 (August 7th, 2020)
+
+The most notable change in the 0.10.0 release is that HTTP/2 support is now fully optional.
+
+Use either `pip install httpcore` for HTTP/1.1 support only, or `pip install httpcore[http2]` for HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 support.
+
+### Added
+
+- HTTP/2 support becomes optional. (Pull #121, #130)
+- Add `local_address=...` support. (Pull #100, #134)
+- Add `PlainByteStream`, `IteratorByteStream`, `AsyncIteratorByteStream`. The `AsyncByteSteam` and `SyncByteStream` classes are now pure interface classes. (#133)
+- Add `LocalProtocolError`, `RemoteProtocolError` exceptions. (Pull #129)
+- Add `UnsupportedProtocol` exception. (Pull #128)
+- Add `.get_connection_info()` method. (Pull #102, #137)
+- Add better TRACE logs. (Pull #101)
+
+### Changed
+
+- `max_keepalive` is deprecated in favour of `max_keepalive_connections`. (Pull #140)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Improve handling of server disconnects. (Pull #112)
+
+## 0.9.1 (May 27th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Proper host resolution for sync case, including IPv6 support. (Pull #97)
+- Close outstanding connections when connection pool is closed. (Pull #98)
+
+## 0.9.0 (May 21th, 2020)
+
+### Changed
+
+- URL port becomes an `Optional[int]` instead of `int`. (Pull #92)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Honor HTTP/2 max concurrent streams settings. (Pull #89, #90)
+- Remove incorrect debug log. (Pull #83)
+
+## 0.8.4 (May 11th, 2020)
+
+### Added
+
+- Logging via HTTPCORE_LOG_LEVEL and HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL environment variables
+and TRACE level logging. (Pull #79)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Reuse of connections on HTTP/2 in close concurrency situations. (Pull #81)
+
+## 0.8.3 (May 6rd, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Include `Host` and `Accept` headers on proxy "CONNECT" requests.
+- De-duplicate any headers also contained in proxy_headers.
+- HTTP/2 flag not being passed down to proxy connections.
+
+## 0.8.2 (May 3rd, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix connections using proxy forwarding requests not being added to the
+connection pool properly. (Pull #70)
+
+## 0.8.1 (April 30th, 2020)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Allow inherintance of both `httpcore.AsyncByteStream`, `httpcore.SyncByteStream` without type conflicts.
+
+## 0.8.0 (April 30th, 2020)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed tunnel proxy support.
+
+### Added
+
+- New `TimeoutException` base class.
+
+## 0.7.0 (March 5th, 2020)
+
+- First integration with HTTPX.
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new file mode 100644
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+httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py,sha256=zegZW9Snqj2_992DFJa8_CppOVBkVL4AgwduRkStakQ,13614
+httpcore/_synchronization.py,sha256=zSi13mAColBnknjZBknUC6hKNDQT4C6ijnezZ-r0T2s,9434
+httpcore/_trace.py,sha256=ck6ZoIzYTkdNAIfq5MGeKqBXDtqjOX-qfYwmZFbrGco,3952
+httpcore/_utils.py,sha256=_RLgXYOAYC350ikALV59GZ68IJrdocRZxPs9PjmzdFY,1537
+httpcore/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12228d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.27.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..311b2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore-1.0.9.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2020, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a92dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from ._api import request, stream
+from ._async import (
+    AsyncConnectionInterface,
+    AsyncConnectionPool,
+    AsyncHTTP2Connection,
+    AsyncHTTP11Connection,
+    AsyncHTTPConnection,
+    AsyncHTTPProxy,
+    AsyncSOCKSProxy,
+)
+from ._backends.base import (
+    SOCKET_OPTION,
+    AsyncNetworkBackend,
+    AsyncNetworkStream,
+    NetworkBackend,
+    NetworkStream,
+)
+from ._backends.mock import AsyncMockBackend, AsyncMockStream, MockBackend, MockStream
+from ._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from ._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from ._models import URL, Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from ._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from ._sync import (
+    ConnectionInterface,
+    ConnectionPool,
+    HTTP2Connection,
+    HTTP11Connection,
+    HTTPConnection,
+    HTTPProxy,
+    SOCKSProxy,
+)
+
+# The 'httpcore.AnyIOBackend' class is conditional on 'anyio' being installed.
+try:
+    from ._backends.anyio import AnyIOBackend
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AnyIOBackend:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            msg = (
+                "Attempted to use 'httpcore.AnyIOBackend' but 'anyio' is not installed."
+            )
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+# The 'httpcore.TrioBackend' class is conditional on 'trio' being installed.
+try:
+    from ._backends.trio import TrioBackend
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class TrioBackend:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            msg = "Attempted to use 'httpcore.TrioBackend' but 'trio' is not installed."
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # top-level requests
+    "request",
+    "stream",
+    # models
+    "Origin",
+    "URL",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    "Proxy",
+    # async
+    "AsyncHTTPConnection",
+    "AsyncConnectionPool",
+    "AsyncHTTPProxy",
+    "AsyncHTTP11Connection",
+    "AsyncHTTP2Connection",
+    "AsyncConnectionInterface",
+    "AsyncSOCKSProxy",
+    # sync
+    "HTTPConnection",
+    "ConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPProxy",
+    "HTTP11Connection",
+    "HTTP2Connection",
+    "ConnectionInterface",
+    "SOCKSProxy",
+    # network backends, implementations
+    "SyncBackend",
+    "AnyIOBackend",
+    "TrioBackend",
+    # network backends, mock implementations
+    "AsyncMockBackend",
+    "AsyncMockStream",
+    "MockBackend",
+    "MockStream",
+    # network backends, interface
+    "AsyncNetworkStream",
+    "AsyncNetworkBackend",
+    "NetworkStream",
+    "NetworkBackend",
+    # util
+    "default_ssl_context",
+    "SOCKET_OPTION",
+    # exceptions
+    "ConnectionNotAvailable",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ReadError",
+    "WriteError",
+]
+
+__version__ = "1.0.9"
+
+
+__locals = locals()
+for __name in __all__:
+    # Exclude SOCKET_OPTION, it causes AttributeError on Python 3.14
+    if not __name.startswith(("__", "SOCKET_OPTION")):
+        setattr(__locals[__name], "__module__", "httpcore")  # noqa
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38b961d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from ._models import URL, Extensions, HeaderTypes, Response
+from ._sync.connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+
+
+def request(
+    method: bytes | str,
+    url: URL | bytes | str,
+    *,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+    extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request, returning the response.
+
+    ```
+    response = httpcore.request("GET", "https://www.example.com/")
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+        method: The HTTP method for the request. Typically one of `"GET"`,
+            `"OPTIONS"`, `"HEAD"`, `"POST"`, `"PUT"`, `"PATCH"`, or `"DELETE"`.
+        url: The URL of the HTTP request. Either as an instance of `httpcore.URL`,
+            or as str/bytes.
+        headers: The HTTP request headers. Either as a dictionary of str/bytes,
+            or as a list of two-tuples of str/bytes.
+        content: The content of the request body. Either as bytes,
+            or as a bytes iterator.
+        extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on the request.
+            Possible keys include `"timeout"`.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of `httpcore.Response`.
+    """
+    with ConnectionPool() as pool:
+        return pool.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def stream(
+    method: bytes | str,
+    url: URL | bytes | str,
+    *,
+    headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+    content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+    extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request, returning the response within a content manager.
+
+    ```
+    with httpcore.stream("GET", "https://www.example.com/") as response:
+        ...
+    ```
+
+    When using the `stream()` function, the body of the response will not be
+    automatically read. If you want to access the response body you should
+    either use `content = response.read()`, or `for chunk in response.iter_content()`.
+
+    Arguments:
+        method: The HTTP method for the request. Typically one of `"GET"`,
+            `"OPTIONS"`, `"HEAD"`, `"POST"`, `"PUT"`, `"PATCH"`, or `"DELETE"`.
+        url: The URL of the HTTP request. Either as an instance of `httpcore.URL`,
+            or as str/bytes.
+        headers: The HTTP request headers. Either as a dictionary of str/bytes,
+            or as a list of two-tuples of str/bytes.
+        content: The content of the request body. Either as bytes,
+            or as a bytes iterator.
+        extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on the request.
+            Possible keys include `"timeout"`.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of `httpcore.Response`.
+    """
+    with ConnectionPool() as pool:
+        with pool.stream(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        ) as response:
+            yield response
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88dc7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .http_proxy import AsyncHTTPProxy
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+try:
+    from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AsyncHTTP2Connection:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use http2 support, but the `h2` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+            )
+
+
+try:
+    from .socks_proxy import AsyncSOCKSProxy
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class AsyncSOCKSProxy:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use SOCKS support, but the `socksio` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[socks]'."
+            )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AsyncHTTPConnection",
+    "AsyncConnectionPool",
+    "AsyncHTTPProxy",
+    "AsyncHTTP11Connection",
+    "AsyncHTTP2Connection",
+    "AsyncConnectionInterface",
+    "AsyncSOCKSProxy",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b42581d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.connection")
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a geometric sequence that has a ratio of 2 and starts with 0.
+
+    For example:
+    - `factor = 2`: `0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...`
+    - `factor = 3`: `0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...`
+    """
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count():
+        yield factor * 2**n
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed: bool = False
+        self._request_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            async with self._request_lock:
+                if self._connection is None:
+                    stream = await self._connect(request)
+
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+                    if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                        from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._connect_failed = True
+            raise exc
+
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    async def _connect(self, request: Request) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._origin.port,
+                        "local_address": self._local_address,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                else:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "path": self._uds,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "connect_unix_socket", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_unix_socket(
+                            **kwargs
+                        )
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                if self._origin.scheme in (b"https", b"wss"):
+                    ssl_context = (
+                        default_ssl_context()
+                        if self._ssl_context is None
+                        else self._ssl_context
+                    )
+                    alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                    ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                        "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                        or self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                return stream
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                async with Trace("retry", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    await self._network_backend.sleep(delay)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            async with Trace("close", logger, None, {}):
+                await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTPConnection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96e973d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._models import Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncEvent, AsyncShieldCancellation, AsyncThreadLock
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface, AsyncRequestInterface
+
+
+class AsyncPoolRequest:
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = request
+        self.connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connection_acquired = AsyncEvent()
+
+    def assign_to_connection(self, connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self._connection_acquired.set()
+
+    def clear_connection(self) -> None:
+        self.connection = None
+        self._connection_acquired = AsyncEvent()
+
+    async def wait_for_connection(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            await self._connection_acquired.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        return self.connection
+
+    def is_queued(self) -> bool:
+        return self.connection is None
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionPool(AsyncRequestInterface):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy: Proxy | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a
+                connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect
+                using a particular address family. Using `local_address="0.0.0.0"`
+                will connect using an `AF_INET` address (IPv4), while using
+                `local_address="::"` will connect using an `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+            socket_options: Socket options that have to be included
+             in the TCP socket when the connection was established.
+        """
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        self._max_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize if max_connections is None else max_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize
+            if max_keepalive_connections is None
+            else max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = min(
+            self._max_connections, self._max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+        # The mutable state on a connection pool is the queue of incoming requests,
+        # and the set of connections that are servicing those requests.
+        self._connections: list[AsyncConnectionInterface] = []
+        self._requests: list[AsyncPoolRequest] = []
+
+        # We only mutate the state of the connection pool within an 'optional_thread_lock'
+        # context. This holds a threading lock unless we're running in async mode,
+        # in which case it is a no-op.
+        self._optional_thread_lock = AsyncThreadLock()
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if self._proxy is not None:
+            if self._proxy.url.scheme in (b"socks5", b"socks5h"):
+                from .socks_proxy import AsyncSocks5Connection
+
+                return AsyncSocks5Connection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_auth=self._proxy.auth,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    http1=self._http1,
+                    http2=self._http2,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            elif origin.scheme == b"http":
+                from .http_proxy import AsyncForwardHTTPConnection
+
+                return AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                    proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            from .http_proxy import AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection
+
+            return AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=self._http1,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            )
+
+        return AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            socket_options=self._socket_options,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> list[AsyncConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Return a list of the connections currently in the pool.
+
+        For example:
+
+        ```python
+        >>> pool.connections
+        [
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, ACTIVE, Request Count: 6]>,
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 9]> ,
+            <AsyncHTTPConnection ['http://example.com:80', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 1]>,
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        return list(self._connections)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an HTTP request, and return an HTTP response.
+
+        This is the core implementation that is called into by `.request()` or `.stream()`.
+        """
+        scheme = request.url.scheme.decode()
+        if scheme == "":
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                "Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."
+            )
+        if scheme not in ("http", "https", "ws", "wss"):
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                f"Request URL has an unsupported protocol '{scheme}://'."
+            )
+
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("pool", None)
+
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            # Add the incoming request to our request queue.
+            pool_request = AsyncPoolRequest(request)
+            self._requests.append(pool_request)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                    # Assign incoming requests to available connections,
+                    # closing or creating new connections as required.
+                    closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+                await self._close_connections(closing)
+
+                # Wait until this request has an assigned connection.
+                connection = await pool_request.wait_for_connection(timeout=timeout)
+
+                try:
+                    # Send the request on the assigned connection.
+                    response = await connection.handle_async_request(
+                        pool_request.request
+                    )
+                except ConnectionNotAvailable:
+                    # In some cases a connection may initially be available to
+                    # handle a request, but then become unavailable.
+                    #
+                    # In this case we clear the connection and try again.
+                    pool_request.clear_connection()
+                else:
+                    break  # pragma: nocover
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                # For any exception or cancellation we remove the request from
+                # the queue, and then re-assign requests to connections.
+                self._requests.remove(pool_request)
+                closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            await self._close_connections(closing)
+            raise exc from None
+
+        # Return the response. Note that in this case we still have to manage
+        # the point at which the response is closed.
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        return Response(
+            status=response.status,
+            headers=response.headers,
+            content=PoolByteStream(
+                stream=response.stream, pool_request=pool_request, pool=self
+            ),
+            extensions=response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _assign_requests_to_connections(self) -> list[AsyncConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Manage the state of the connection pool, assigning incoming
+        requests to connections as available.
+
+        Called whenever a new request is added or removed from the pool.
+
+        Any closing connections are returned, allowing the I/O for closing
+        those connections to be handled seperately.
+        """
+        closing_connections = []
+
+        # First we handle cleaning up any connections that are closed,
+        # have expired their keep-alive, or surplus idle connections.
+        for connection in list(self._connections):
+            if connection.is_closed():
+                # log: "removing closed connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+            elif connection.has_expired():
+                # log: "closing expired connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+            elif (
+                connection.is_idle()
+                and len([connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections])
+                > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+
+        # Assign queued requests to connections.
+        queued_requests = [request for request in self._requests if request.is_queued()]
+        for pool_request in queued_requests:
+            origin = pool_request.request.url.origin
+            available_connections = [
+                connection
+                for connection in self._connections
+                if connection.can_handle_request(origin) and connection.is_available()
+            ]
+            idle_connections = [
+                connection for connection in self._connections if connection.is_idle()
+            ]
+
+            # There are three cases for how we may be able to handle the request:
+            #
+            # 1. There is an existing connection that can handle the request.
+            # 2. We can create a new connection to handle the request.
+            # 3. We can close an idle connection and then create a new connection
+            #    to handle the request.
+            if available_connections:
+                # log: "reusing existing connection"
+                connection = available_connections[0]
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif len(self._connections) < self._max_connections:
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif idle_connections:
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                connection = idle_connections[0]
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+
+        return closing_connections
+
+    async def _close_connections(self, closing: list[AsyncConnectionInterface]) -> None:
+        # Close connections which have been removed from the pool.
+        with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+            for connection in closing:
+                await connection.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Explicitly close the connection pool.
+        # Clears all existing requests and connections.
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            closing_connections = list(self._connections)
+            self._connections = []
+        await self._close_connections(closing_connections)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncConnectionPool:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            request_is_queued = [request.is_queued() for request in self._requests]
+            connection_is_idle = [
+                connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections
+            ]
+
+            num_active_requests = request_is_queued.count(False)
+            num_queued_requests = request_is_queued.count(True)
+            num_active_connections = connection_is_idle.count(False)
+            num_idle_connections = connection_is_idle.count(True)
+
+        requests_info = (
+            f"Requests: {num_active_requests} active, {num_queued_requests} queued"
+        )
+        connection_info = (
+            f"Connections: {num_active_connections} active, {num_idle_connections} idle"
+        )
+
+        return f"<{class_name} [{requests_info} | {connection_info}]>"
+
+
+class PoolByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes],
+        pool_request: AsyncPoolRequest,
+        pool: AsyncConnectionPool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pool_request = pool_request
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            async for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            await self.aclose()
+            raise exc from None
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                if hasattr(self._stream, "aclose"):
+                    await self._stream.aclose()
+
+            with self._pool._optional_thread_lock:
+                self._pool._requests.remove(self._pool_request)
+                closing = self._pool._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            await self._pool._close_connections(closing)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d6d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import ssl
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    WriteError,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")
+
+
+# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
+H11SendEvent = typing.Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+]
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
+        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
+            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
+            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._expire_at = None
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request}
+            try:
+                async with Trace(
+                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+                ) as trace:
+                    await self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
+                async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    await self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
+            except WriteError:
+                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
+                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
+                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
+                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
+                # error response.
+                pass
+
+            async with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                    trailing_data,
+                ) = await self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
+                trace.return_value = (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                )
+
+            network_stream = self._network_stream
+
+            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
+            if (status == 101) or (
+                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
+            ):
+                network_stream = AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": http_version,
+                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+                    "network_stream": network_stream,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
+                    await self._response_closed()
+            raise exc
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(
+                method=request.method,
+                target=request.url.target,
+                headers=request.headers,
+            )
+        await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        async for chunk in request.stream:
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            await self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+        await self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def _send_event(self, event: h11.Event, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        if bytes_to_send is not None:
+            await self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    async def _receive_response_headers(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int, bytes, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+            if (
+                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
+                and event.status_code == 101
+            ):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data
+
+    async def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_event(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> h11.Event | type[h11.PAUSED]:
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = await self._network_stream.read(
+                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
+                )
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
+                # it as a ConnectError.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
+                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    async def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if (
+                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+            ):
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+            else:
+                await self.aclose()
+
+    # Once the connection is no longer required...
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        await self._network_stream.aclose()
+
+    # The AsyncConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
+    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
+    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
+        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
+        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
+        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
+        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
+        # a server-initiated disconnect.
+        server_disconnected = (
+            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
+        )
+
+        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTP11Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+
+class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(self, connection: AsyncHTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
+        try:
+            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                await self.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
+                await self._connection._response_closed()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP11UpgradeStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncNetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._leading_data = leading_data
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._leading_data:
+            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
+            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
+            return buffer
+        else:
+            return await self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        await self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return await self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbd0bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h2.config
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+import h2.exceptions
+import h2.settings
+
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock, AsyncSemaphore, AsyncShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http2")
+
+
+def has_body_headers(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        k.lower() == b"content-length" or k.lower() == b"transfer-encoding"
+        for k, v in request.headers
+    )
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class AsyncHTTP2Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = h2.config.H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._init_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._state_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._read_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._write_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._used_all_stream_ids = False
+        self._connection_error = False
+
+        # Mapping from stream ID to response stream events.
+        self._events: dict[
+            int,
+            list[
+                h2.events.ResponseReceived
+                | h2.events.DataReceived
+                | h2.events.StreamEnded
+                | h2.events.StreamReset,
+            ],
+        ] = {}
+
+        # Connection terminated events are stored as state since
+        # we need to handle them for all streams.
+        self._connection_terminated: h2.events.ConnectionTerminated | None = None
+
+        self._read_exception: Exception | None = None
+        self._write_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            # This cannot occur in normal operation, since the connection pool
+            # will only send requests on connections that handle them.
+            # It's in place simply for resilience as a guard against incorrect
+            # usage, for anyone working directly with httpcore connections.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._expire_at = None
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        async with self._init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                try:
+                    sci_kwargs = {"request": request}
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "send_connection_init", logger, request, sci_kwargs
+                    ):
+                        await self._send_connection_init(**sci_kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                        await self.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+                # Initially start with just 1 until the remote server provides
+                # its max_concurrent_streams value
+                self._max_streams = 1
+
+                local_settings_max_streams = (
+                    self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+                )
+                self._max_streams_semaphore = AsyncSemaphore(local_settings_max_streams)
+
+                for _ in range(local_settings_max_streams - self._max_streams):
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        try:
+            stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+        except h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError:  # pragma: nocover
+            self._used_all_stream_ids = True
+            self._request_count -= 1
+            raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request, "stream_id": stream_id}
+            async with Trace("send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs):
+                await self._send_request_headers(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            async with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs):
+                await self._send_request_body(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            async with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                status, headers = await self._receive_response(
+                    request=request, stream_id=stream_id
+                )
+                trace.return_value = (status, headers)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP2ConnectionByteStream(self, request, stream_id=stream_id),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+                    "network_stream": self._network_stream,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                kwargs = {"stream_id": stream_id}
+                async with Trace("response_closed", logger, request, kwargs):
+                    await self._response_closed(stream_id=stream_id)
+
+            if isinstance(exc, h2.exceptions.ProtocolError):
+                # One case where h2 can raise a protocol error is when a
+                # closed frame has been seen by the state machine.
+                #
+                # This happens when one stream is reading, and encounters
+                # a GOAWAY event. Other flows of control may then raise
+                # a protocol error at any point they interact with the 'h2_state'.
+                #
+                # In this case we'll have stored the event, and should raise
+                # it as a RemoteProtocolError.
+                if self._connection_terminated:  # pragma: nocover
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+                # If h2 raises a protocol error in some other state then we
+                # must somehow have made a protocol violation.
+                raise LocalProtocolError(exc)  # pragma: nocover
+
+            raise exc
+
+    async def _send_connection_init(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = h2.settings.Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    async def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request headers to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        end_stream = not has_body_headers(request)
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = [v for k, v in request.headers if k.lower() == b"host"][0]
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", request.method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", request.url.scheme),
+            (b":path", request.url.target),
+        ] + [
+            (k.lower(), v)
+            for k, v in request.headers
+            if k.lower()
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _send_request_body(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Iterate over the request body sending it to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        if not has_body_headers(request):
+            return
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+        async for data in request.stream:
+            await self._send_stream_data(request, stream_id, data)
+        await self._send_end_stream(request, stream_id)
+
+    async def _send_stream_data(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single chunk of data in one or more data frames.
+        """
+        while data:
+            max_flow = await self._wait_for_outgoing_flow(request, stream_id)
+            chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+            chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+            self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+            await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _send_end_stream(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an empty data frame on on a given stream ID with the END_STREAM flag set.
+        """
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    async def _receive_response(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Return the response status code and headers for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        assert event.headers is not None
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    async def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Iterator that returns the bytes of the response body for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = await self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                assert event.flow_controlled_length is not None
+                assert event.data is not None
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+                await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamEnded):
+                break
+
+    async def _receive_stream_event(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> h2.events.ResponseReceived | h2.events.DataReceived | h2.events.StreamEnded:
+        """
+        Return the next available event for a given stream ID.
+
+        Will read more data from the network if required.
+        """
+        while not self._events.get(stream_id):
+            await self._receive_events(request, stream_id)
+        event = self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamReset):
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+        return event
+
+    async def _receive_events(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network until we see one or more events
+        for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        async with self._read_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated is not None:
+                last_stream_id = self._connection_terminated.last_stream_id
+                if stream_id and last_stream_id and stream_id > last_stream_id:
+                    self._request_count -= 1
+                    raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+
+            # This conditional is a bit icky. We don't want to block reading if we've
+            # actually got an event to return for a given stream. We need to do that
+            # check *within* the atomic read lock. Though it also need to be optional,
+            # because when we call it from `_wait_for_outgoing_flow` we *do* want to
+            # block until we've available flow control, event when we have events
+            # pending for the stream ID we're attempting to send on.
+            if stream_id is None or not self._events.get(stream_id):
+                events = await self._read_incoming_data(request)
+                for event in events:
+                    if isinstance(event, h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged):
+                        async with Trace(
+                            "receive_remote_settings", logger, request
+                        ) as trace:
+                            await self._receive_remote_settings_change(event)
+                            trace.return_value = event
+
+                    elif isinstance(
+                        event,
+                        (
+                            h2.events.ResponseReceived,
+                            h2.events.DataReceived,
+                            h2.events.StreamEnded,
+                            h2.events.StreamReset,
+                        ),
+                    ):
+                        if event.stream_id in self._events:
+                            self._events[event.stream_id].append(event)
+
+                    elif isinstance(event, h2.events.ConnectionTerminated):
+                        self._connection_terminated = event
+
+        await self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    async def _receive_remote_settings_change(
+        self, event: h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged
+    ) -> None:
+        max_concurrent_streams = event.changed_settings.get(
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        )
+        if max_concurrent_streams:
+            new_max_streams = min(
+                max_concurrent_streams.new_value,
+                self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams,
+            )
+            if new_max_streams and new_max_streams != self._max_streams:
+                while new_max_streams > self._max_streams:
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+                    self._max_streams += 1
+                while new_max_streams < self._max_streams:
+                    await self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+                    self._max_streams -= 1
+
+    async def _response_closed(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        await self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+        del self._events[stream_id]
+        async with self._state_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated and not self._events:
+                await self.aclose()
+
+            elif self._state == HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE and not self._events:
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+                if self._used_all_stream_ids:  # pragma: nocover
+                    await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._h2_state.close_connection()
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        await self._network_stream.aclose()
+
+    # Wrappers around network read/write operations...
+
+    async def _read_incoming_data(self, request: Request) -> list[h2.events.Event]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        if self._read_exception is not None:
+            raise self._read_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+        try:
+            data = await self._network_stream.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+            if data == b"":
+                raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # If we get a network error we should:
+            #
+            # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future reads.
+            #    (For example, this means that a single read timeout or disconnect will
+            #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+            #    sequential timeouts.)
+            # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+            #    incoming requests.
+            self._read_exception = exc
+            self._connection_error = True
+            raise exc
+
+        events: list[h2.events.Event] = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+
+        return events
+
+    async def _write_outgoing_data(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        async with self._write_lock:
+            data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+
+            if self._write_exception is not None:
+                raise self._write_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+            try:
+                await self._network_stream.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                # If we get a network error we should:
+                #
+                # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future write.
+                #    (For example, this means that a single write timeout or disconnect will
+                #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+                #    sequential timeouts.)
+                # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+                #    incoming requests.
+                self._write_exception = exc
+                self._connection_error = True
+                raise exc
+
+    # Flow control...
+
+    async def _wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow: int = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        max_frame_size: int = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        while flow == 0:
+            await self._receive_events(request)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            max_frame_size = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        return flow
+
+    # Interface for connection pooling...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._state != HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._connection_error
+            and not self._used_all_stream_ids
+            and not (
+                self._h2_state.state_machine.state
+                == h2.connection.ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            )
+        )
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        return self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncHTTP2Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+
+class HTTP2ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self, connection: AsyncHTTP2Connection, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._stream_id = stream_id
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request, "stream_id": self._stream_id}
+        try:
+            async with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                async for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(
+                    request=self._request, stream_id=self._stream_id
+                ):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+                await self.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            kwargs = {"stream_id": self._stream_id}
+            async with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                await self._connection._response_closed(stream_id=self._stream_id)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc9d920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+)
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection import AsyncHTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.proxy")
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    override_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key exists
+    in both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else list(default_headers)
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else list(override_headers)
+    has_override = set(key.lower() for key, value in override_headers)
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            proxy_auth: Any proxy authentication as a two-tuple of
+                (username, password). May be either bytes or ascii-only str.
+            proxy_headers: Any HTTP headers to use for the proxy requests.
+                For example `{"Proxy-Authorization": "Basic <username>:<password>"}`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            proxy_ssl_context: The same as `ssl_context`, but for a proxy server rather than a remote origin.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            uds=uds,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if (
+            self._proxy_url.scheme == b"http" and proxy_ssl_context is not None
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The `proxy_ssl_context` argument is not allowed for the http scheme"
+            )
+
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[0], name="proxy_auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[1], name="proxy_auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self._proxy_headers = [
+                (b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)
+            ] + self._proxy_headers
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        if origin.scheme == b"http":
+            return AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            )
+        return AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class AsyncForwardHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        headers = merge_headers(self._proxy_headers, request.headers)
+        url = URL(
+            scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+            host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+            port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+            target=bytes(request.url),
+        )
+        proxy_request = Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(proxy_request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+
+class AsyncTunnelHTTPConnection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface = AsyncHTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._connect_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._connected = False
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        async with self._connect_lock:
+            if not self._connected:
+                target = b"%b:%d" % (self._remote_origin.host, self._remote_origin.port)
+
+                connect_url = URL(
+                    scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+                    host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+                    port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+                    target=target,
+                )
+                connect_headers = merge_headers(
+                    [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")], self._proxy_headers
+                )
+                connect_request = Request(
+                    method=b"CONNECT",
+                    url=connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    extensions=request.extensions,
+                )
+                connect_response = await self._connection.handle_async_request(
+                    connect_request
+                )
+
+                if connect_response.status < 200 or connect_response.status > 299:
+                    reason_bytes = connect_response.extensions.get("reason_phrase", b"")
+                    reason_str = reason_bytes.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (connect_response.status, reason_str)
+                    await self._connection.aclose()
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                stream = connect_response.extensions["network_stream"]
+
+                # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                ssl_context = (
+                    default_ssl_context()
+                    if self._ssl_context is None
+                    else self._ssl_context
+                )
+                alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                    "server_hostname": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                    "timeout": timeout,
+                }
+                async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                    trace.return_value = stream
+
+                # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                http2_negotiated = (
+                    ssl_object is not None
+                    and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                )
+
+                # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                    from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                    self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+
+                self._connected = True
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..361583b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/interfaces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Extensions,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+    include_request_headers,
+)
+
+
+class AsyncRequestInterface:
+    async def request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.AsyncIterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.handle_async_request(request)
+        try:
+            await response.aread()
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+        return response
+
+    @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
+    async def stream(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.AsyncIterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[Response]:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.handle_async_request(request)
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncConnectionInterface(AsyncRequestInterface):
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an
+        outgoing request.
+
+        An HTTP/1.1 connection will only be available if it is currently idle.
+
+        An HTTP/2 connection will be available so long as the stream ID space is
+        not yet exhausted, and the connection is not in an error state.
+
+        While the connection is being established we may not yet know if it is going
+        to result in an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection. The connection should be
+        treated as being available, but might ultimately raise `NewConnectionRequired`
+        required exceptions if multiple requests are attempted over a connection
+        that ends up being established as HTTP/1.1.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+
+        This either means that the connection is idle and it has passed the
+        expiry time on its keep-alive, or that server has sent an EOF.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+
+        Used when a response is closed to determine if the connection may be
+        returned to the connection pool or not.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b363f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_async/socks_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+
+import socksio
+
+from .._backends.auto import AutoBackend
+from .._backends.base import AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, ProxyError
+from .._models import URL, Origin, Request, Response, enforce_bytes, enforce_url
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import AsyncLock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection_pool import AsyncConnectionPool
+from .http11 import AsyncHTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import AsyncConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.socks")
+
+
+AUTH_METHODS = {
+    b"\x00": "NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED",
+    b"\x01": "GSSAPI",
+    b"\x02": "USERNAME/PASSWORD",
+    b"\xff": "NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS",
+}
+
+REPLY_CODES = {
+    b"\x00": "Succeeded",
+    b"\x01": "General SOCKS server failure",
+    b"\x02": "Connection not allowed by ruleset",
+    b"\x03": "Network unreachable",
+    b"\x04": "Host unreachable",
+    b"\x05": "Connection refused",
+    b"\x06": "TTL expired",
+    b"\x07": "Command not supported",
+    b"\x08": "Address type not supported",
+}
+
+
+async def _init_socks5_connection(
+    stream: AsyncNetworkStream,
+    *,
+    host: bytes,
+    port: int,
+    auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    conn = socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Connection()
+
+    # Auth method request
+    auth_method = (
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.NO_AUTH_REQUIRED
+        if auth is None
+        else socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD
+    )
+    conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethodsRequest([auth_method]))
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Auth method response
+    incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthReply)
+    if response.method != auth_method:
+        requested = AUTH_METHODS.get(auth_method, "UNKNOWN")
+        responded = AUTH_METHODS.get(response.method, "UNKNOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(
+            f"Requested {requested} from proxy server, but got {responded}."
+        )
+
+    if response.method == socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD:
+        # Username/password request
+        assert auth is not None
+        username, password = auth
+        conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordRequest(username, password))
+        outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+        await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+        # Username/password response
+        incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+        response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+        assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordReply)
+        if not response.success:
+            raise ProxyError("Invalid username/password")
+
+    # Connect request
+    conn.send(
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5CommandRequest.from_address(
+            socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Command.CONNECT, (host, port)
+        )
+    )
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    await stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Connect response
+    incoming_bytes = await stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Reply)
+    if response.reply_code != socksio.socks5.SOCKS5ReplyCode.SUCCEEDED:
+        reply_code = REPLY_CODES.get(response.reply_code, "UNKOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(f"Proxy Server could not connect: {reply_code}.")
+
+
+class AsyncSOCKSProxy(AsyncConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+        )
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username, password = proxy_auth
+            username_bytes = enforce_bytes(username, name="proxy_auth")
+            password_bytes = enforce_bytes(password, name="proxy_auth")
+            self._proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (
+                username_bytes,
+                password_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._proxy_auth = None
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> AsyncConnectionInterface:
+        return AsyncSocks5Connection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            proxy_auth=self._proxy_auth,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class AsyncSocks5Connection(AsyncConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._proxy_auth = proxy_auth
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+        self._network_backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = (
+            AutoBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connect_lock = AsyncLock()
+        self._connection: AsyncConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed = False
+
+    async def handle_async_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        async with self._connect_lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                try:
+                    # Connect to the proxy
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._proxy_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._proxy_origin.port,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = await self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Connect to the remote host using socks5
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "stream": stream,
+                        "host": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._remote_origin.port,
+                        "auth": self._proxy_auth,
+                    }
+                    async with Trace(
+                        "setup_socks5_connection", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        await _init_socks5_connection(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                    if self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https":
+                        ssl_context = (
+                            default_ssl_context()
+                            if self._ssl_context is None
+                            else self._ssl_context
+                        )
+                        alpn_protocols = (
+                            ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                        )
+                        ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                        kwargs = {
+                            "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                            "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                            or self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                            "timeout": timeout,
+                        }
+                        async with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                            stream = await stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                            trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+
+                    # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                    if http2_negotiated or (
+                        self._http2 and not self._http1
+                    ):  # pragma: nocover
+                        from .http2 import AsyncHTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = AsyncHTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise exc
+            elif not self._connection.is_available():  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        return await self._connection.handle_async_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            await self._connection.aclose()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__pycache__/trio.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/__pycache__/trio.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a140095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/anyio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import anyio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class AnyIOStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ReadTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError,
+            anyio.ClosedResourceError: ReadError,
+            anyio.EndOfStream: ReadError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                try:
+                    return await self._stream.receive(max_bytes=max_bytes)
+                except anyio.EndOfStream:  # pragma: nocover
+                    return b""
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: WriteTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+            anyio.ClosedResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                await self._stream.send(item=buffer)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.EndOfStream: ConnectError,
+            ssl.SSLError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                    ssl_stream = await anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream.wrap(
+                        self._stream,
+                        ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                        hostname=server_hostname,
+                        standard_compatible=False,
+                        server_side=False,
+                    )
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                await self.aclose()
+                raise exc
+        return AnyIOStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.streams.tls.TLSAttribute.ssl_object, None)
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.local_address, None)
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.remote_address, None)
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.raw_socket, None)
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            sock = self._stream.extra(anyio.abc.SocketAttribute.raw_socket, None)
+            return is_socket_readable(sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class AnyIOBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_tcp(
+                    remote_host=host,
+                    remote_port=port,
+                    local_host=local_address,
+                )
+                # By default TCP sockets opened in `asyncio` include TCP_NODELAY.
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream._raw_socket.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return AnyIOStream(stream)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        exc_map = {
+            TimeoutError: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+            anyio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                stream: anyio.abc.ByteStream = await anyio.connect_unix(path)
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream._raw_socket.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return AnyIOStream(stream)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await anyio.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f0e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._synchronization import current_async_library
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class AutoBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def _init_backend(self) -> None:
+        if not (hasattr(self, "_backend")):
+            backend = current_async_library()
+            if backend == "trio":
+                from .trio import TrioBackend
+
+                self._backend: AsyncNetworkBackend = TrioBackend()
+            else:
+                from .anyio import AnyIOBackend
+
+                self._backend = AnyIOBackend()
+
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.connect_tcp(
+            host,
+            port,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.connect_unix_socket(
+            path, timeout=timeout, socket_options=socket_options
+        )
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:  # pragma: nocover
+        await self._init_backend()
+        return await self._backend.sleep(seconds)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf55c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import time
+import typing
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+
+class NetworkStream:
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return None  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class NetworkBackend:
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        time.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncNetworkStream:
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return None  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class AsyncNetworkBackend:
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b6edca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._exceptions import ReadError
+from .base import (
+    SOCKET_OPTION,
+    AsyncNetworkBackend,
+    AsyncNetworkStream,
+    NetworkBackend,
+    NetworkStream,
+)
+
+
+class MockSSLObject:
+    def __init__(self, http2: bool):
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    def selected_alpn_protocol(self) -> str:
+        return "h2" if self._http2 else "http/1.1"
+
+
+class MockStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ReadError("Connection closed")
+        if not self._buffer:
+            return b""
+        return self._buffer.pop(0)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return self
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return MockSSLObject(http2=self._http2) if info == "ssl_object" else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<httpcore.MockStream>"
+
+
+class MockBackend(NetworkBackend):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return MockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return MockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncMockStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._closed = False
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._closed:
+            raise ReadError("Connection closed")
+        if not self._buffer:
+            return b""
+        return self._buffer.pop(0)
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        self._closed = True
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return self
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return MockSSLObject(http2=self._http2) if info == "ssl_object" else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<httpcore.AsyncMockStream>"
+
+
+class AsyncMockBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    def __init__(self, buffer: list[bytes], http2: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._buffer = buffer
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return AsyncMockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        return AsyncMockStream(list(self._buffer), http2=self._http2)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4018a09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ExceptionMapping,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._utils import is_socket_readable
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+
+
+class TLSinTLSStream(NetworkStream):  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Because the standard `SSLContext.wrap_socket` method does
+    not work for `SSLSocket` objects, we need this class
+    to implement TLS stream using an underlying `SSLObject`
+    instance in order to support TLS on top of TLS.
+    """
+
+    # Defined in RFC 8449
+    TLS_RECORD_SIZE = 16384
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        self._outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        self.ssl_obj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            incoming=self._incoming,
+            outgoing=self._outgoing,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+        )
+
+        self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+        self._perform_io(self.ssl_obj.do_handshake)
+
+    def _perform_io(
+        self,
+        func: typing.Callable[..., typing.Any],
+    ) -> typing.Any:
+        ret = None
+
+        while True:
+            errno = None
+            try:
+                ret = func()
+            except (ssl.SSLWantReadError, ssl.SSLWantWriteError) as e:
+                errno = e.errno
+
+            self._sock.sendall(self._outgoing.read())
+
+            if errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+                buf = self._sock.recv(self.TLS_RECORD_SIZE)
+
+                if buf:
+                    self._incoming.write(buf)
+                else:
+                    self._incoming.write_eof()
+            if errno is None:
+                return ret
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            return typing.cast(
+                bytes, self._perform_io(functools.partial(self.ssl_obj.read, max_bytes))
+            )
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            while buffer:
+                nsent = self._perform_io(functools.partial(self.ssl_obj.write, buffer))
+                buffer = buffer[nsent:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object":
+            return self.ssl_obj
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._sock.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._sock.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._sock
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            return is_socket_readable(self._sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class SyncStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket) -> None:
+        self._sock = sock
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: ReadTimeout, OSError: ReadError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            return self._sock.recv(max_bytes)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {socket.timeout: WriteTimeout, OSError: WriteError}
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            while buffer:
+                self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                n = self._sock.send(buffer)
+                buffer = buffer[n:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._sock.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                if isinstance(self._sock, ssl.SSLSocket):  # pragma: no cover
+                    # If the underlying socket has already been upgraded
+                    # to the TLS layer (i.e. is an instance of SSLSocket),
+                    # we need some additional smarts to support TLS-in-TLS.
+                    return TLSinTLSStream(
+                        self._sock, ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                    sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+                        self._sock, server_hostname=server_hostname
+                    )
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                self.close()
+                raise exc
+        return SyncStream(sock)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object" and isinstance(self._sock, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            return self._sock._sslobj  # type: ignore
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._sock.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._sock.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            return self._sock
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            return is_socket_readable(self._sock)
+        return None
+
+
+class SyncBackend(NetworkBackend):
+    def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        # Note that we automatically include `TCP_NODELAY`
+        # in addition to any other custom socket options.
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []  # pragma: no cover
+        address = (host, port)
+        source_address = None if local_address is None else (local_address, 0)
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.create_connection(
+                address,
+                timeout,
+                source_address=source_address,
+            )
+            for option in socket_options:
+                sock.setsockopt(*option)  # pragma: no cover
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        return SyncStream(sock)
+
+    def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to connect to a UNIX socket on a Windows system."
+            )
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            socket.timeout: ConnectTimeout,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            for option in socket_options:
+                sock.setsockopt(*option)
+            sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            sock.connect(path)
+        return SyncStream(sock)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f53f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_backends/trio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import trio
+
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ExceptionMapping,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .base import SOCKET_OPTION, AsyncNetworkBackend, AsyncNetworkStream
+
+
+class TrioStream(AsyncNetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: trio.abc.Stream) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    async def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ReadTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ReadError,
+            trio.ClosedResourceError: ReadError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                data: bytes = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes=max_bytes)
+                return data
+
+    async def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: WriteTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: WriteError,
+            trio.ClosedResourceError: WriteError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                await self._stream.send_all(data=buffer)
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        ssl_stream = trio.SSLStream(
+            self._stream,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            https_compatible=True,
+            server_side=False,
+        )
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            try:
+                with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                    await ssl_stream.do_handshake()
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                await self.aclose()
+                raise exc
+        return TrioStream(ssl_stream)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        if info == "ssl_object" and isinstance(self._stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            # Type checkers cannot see `_ssl_object` attribute because trio._ssl.SSLStream uses __getattr__/__setattr__.
+            # Tracked at https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/542
+            return self._stream._ssl_object  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if info == "client_addr":
+            return self._get_socket_stream().socket.getsockname()
+        if info == "server_addr":
+            return self._get_socket_stream().socket.getpeername()
+        if info == "socket":
+            stream = self._stream
+            while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+                stream = stream.transport_stream
+            assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+            return stream.socket
+        if info == "is_readable":
+            socket = self.get_extra_info("socket")
+            return socket.is_readable()
+        return None
+
+    def _get_socket_stream(self) -> trio.SocketStream:
+        stream = self._stream
+        while isinstance(stream, trio.SSLStream):
+            stream = stream.transport_stream
+        assert isinstance(stream, trio.SocketStream)
+        return stream
+
+
+class TrioBackend(AsyncNetworkBackend):
+    async def connect_tcp(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        port: int,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:
+        # By default for TCP sockets, trio enables TCP_NODELAY.
+        # https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-io.html#trio.SocketStream
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []  # pragma: no cover
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_tcp_stream(
+                    host=host, port=port, local_address=local_address
+                )
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return TrioStream(stream)
+
+    async def connect_unix_socket(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncNetworkStream:  # pragma: nocover
+        if socket_options is None:
+            socket_options = []
+        timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+        exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {
+            trio.TooSlowError: ConnectTimeout,
+            trio.BrokenResourceError: ConnectError,
+            OSError: ConnectError,
+        }
+        with map_exceptions(exc_map):
+            with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                stream: trio.abc.Stream = await trio.open_unix_socket(path)
+                for option in socket_options:
+                    stream.setsockopt(*option)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pragma: no cover
+        return TrioStream(stream)
+
+    async def sleep(self, seconds: float) -> None:
+        await trio.sleep(seconds)  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc28d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+ExceptionMapping = typing.Mapping[typing.Type[Exception], typing.Type[Exception]]
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_exceptions(map: ExceptionMapping) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+        for from_exc, to_exc in map.items():
+            if isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                raise to_exc(exc) from exc
+        raise  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class ConnectionNotAvailable(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProtocolError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    pass
+
+
+# Timeout errors
+
+
+class TimeoutException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    pass
+
+
+# Network errors
+
+
+class NetworkError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    pass
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a65f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import ssl
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+
+# Functions for typechecking...
+
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+HeaderTypes = typing.Union[HeadersAsSequence, HeadersAsMapping, None]
+
+Extensions = typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]
+
+
+def enforce_bytes(value: bytes | str, *, name: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Any arguments that are ultimately represented as bytes can be specified
+    either as bytes or as strings.
+
+    However we enforce that any string arguments must only contain characters in
+    the plain ASCII range. chr(0)...chr(127). If you need to use characters
+    outside that range then be precise, and use a byte-wise argument.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return value.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise TypeError(f"{name} strings may not include unicode characters.")
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return value
+
+    seen_type = type(value).__name__
+    raise TypeError(f"{name} must be bytes or str, but got {seen_type}.")
+
+
+def enforce_url(value: URL | bytes | str, *, name: str) -> URL:
+    """
+    Type check for URL parameters.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, (bytes, str)):
+        return URL(value)
+    elif isinstance(value, URL):
+        return value
+
+    seen_type = type(value).__name__
+    raise TypeError(f"{name} must be a URL, bytes, or str, but got {seen_type}.")
+
+
+def enforce_headers(
+    value: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None, *, name: str
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Convienence function that ensure all items in request or response headers
+    are either bytes or strings in the plain ASCII range.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return []
+    elif isinstance(value, typing.Mapping):
+        return [
+            (
+                enforce_bytes(k, name="header name"),
+                enforce_bytes(v, name="header value"),
+            )
+            for k, v in value.items()
+        ]
+    elif isinstance(value, typing.Sequence):
+        return [
+            (
+                enforce_bytes(k, name="header name"),
+                enforce_bytes(v, name="header value"),
+            )
+            for k, v in value
+        ]
+
+    seen_type = type(value).__name__
+    raise TypeError(
+        f"{name} must be a mapping or sequence of two-tuples, but got {seen_type}."
+    )
+
+
+def enforce_stream(
+    value: bytes | typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes] | None,
+    *,
+    name: str,
+) -> typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]:
+    if value is None:
+        return ByteStream(b"")
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return ByteStream(value)
+    return value
+
+
+# * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
+# * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
+# * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#scheme-state
+DEFAULT_PORTS = {
+    b"ftp": 21,
+    b"http": 80,
+    b"https": 443,
+    b"ws": 80,
+    b"wss": 443,
+}
+
+
+def include_request_headers(
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+    *,
+    url: "URL",
+    content: None | bytes | typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes],
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    headers_set = set(k.lower() for k, v in headers)
+
+    if b"host" not in headers_set:
+        default_port = DEFAULT_PORTS.get(url.scheme)
+        if url.port is None or url.port == default_port:
+            header_value = url.host
+        else:
+            header_value = b"%b:%d" % (url.host, url.port)
+        headers = [(b"Host", header_value)] + headers
+
+    if (
+        content is not None
+        and b"content-length" not in headers_set
+        and b"transfer-encoding" not in headers_set
+    ):
+        if isinstance(content, bytes):
+            content_length = str(len(content)).encode("ascii")
+            headers += [(b"Content-Length", content_length)]
+        else:
+            headers += [(b"Transfer-Encoding", b"chunked")]  # pragma: nocover
+
+    return headers
+
+
+# Interfaces for byte streams...
+
+
+class ByteStream:
+    """
+    A container for non-streaming content, and that supports both sync and async
+    stream iteration.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, content: bytes) -> None:
+        self._content = content
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._content
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{len(self._content)} bytes]>"
+
+
+class Origin:
+    def __init__(self, scheme: bytes, host: bytes, port: int) -> None:
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, Origin)
+            and self.scheme == other.scheme
+            and self.host == other.host
+            and self.port == other.port
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        scheme = self.scheme.decode("ascii")
+        host = self.host.decode("ascii")
+        port = str(self.port)
+        return f"{scheme}://{host}:{port}"
+
+
+class URL:
+    """
+    Represents the URL against which an HTTP request may be made.
+
+    The URL may either be specified as a plain string, for convienence:
+
+    ```python
+    url = httpcore.URL("https://www.example.com/")
+    ```
+
+    Or be constructed with explicitily pre-parsed components:
+
+    ```python
+    url = httpcore.URL(scheme=b'https', host=b'www.example.com', port=None, target=b'/')
+    ```
+
+    Using this second more explicit style allows integrations that are using
+    `httpcore` to pass through URLs that have already been parsed in order to use
+    libraries such as `rfc-3986` rather than relying on the stdlib. It also ensures
+    that URL parsing is treated identically at both the networking level and at any
+    higher layers of abstraction.
+
+    The four components are important here, as they allow the URL to be precisely
+    specified in a pre-parsed format. They also allow certain types of request to
+    be created that could not otherwise be expressed.
+
+    For example, an HTTP request to `http://www.example.com/` forwarded via a proxy
+    at `http://localhost:8080`...
+
+    ```python
+    # Constructs an HTTP request with a complete URL as the target:
+    # GET https://www.example.com/ HTTP/1.1
+    url = httpcore.URL(
+        scheme=b'http',
+        host=b'localhost',
+        port=8080,
+        target=b'https://www.example.com/'
+    )
+    request = httpcore.Request(
+        method="GET",
+        url=url
+    )
+    ```
+
+    Another example is constructing an `OPTIONS *` request...
+
+    ```python
+    # Constructs an 'OPTIONS *' HTTP request:
+    # OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1
+    url = httpcore.URL(scheme=b'https', host=b'www.example.com', target=b'*')
+    request = httpcore.Request(method="OPTIONS", url=url)
+    ```
+
+    This kind of request is not possible to formulate with a URL string,
+    because the `/` delimiter is always used to demark the target from the
+    host/port portion of the URL.
+
+    For convenience, string-like arguments may be specified either as strings or
+    as bytes. However, once a request is being issue over-the-wire, the URL
+    components are always ultimately required to be a bytewise representation.
+
+    In order to avoid any ambiguity over character encodings, when strings are used
+    as arguments, they must be strictly limited to the ASCII range `chr(0)`-`chr(127)`.
+    If you require a bytewise representation that is outside this range you must
+    handle the character encoding directly, and pass a bytes instance.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: bytes | str = "",
+        *,
+        scheme: bytes | str = b"",
+        host: bytes | str = b"",
+        port: int | None = None,
+        target: bytes | str = b"",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Parameters:
+            url: The complete URL as a string or bytes.
+            scheme: The URL scheme as a string or bytes.
+                Typically either `"http"` or `"https"`.
+            host: The URL host as a string or bytes. Such as `"www.example.com"`.
+            port: The port to connect to. Either an integer or `None`.
+            target: The target of the HTTP request. Such as `"/items?search=red"`.
+        """
+        if url:
+            parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(enforce_bytes(url, name="url"))
+            self.scheme = parsed.scheme
+            self.host = parsed.hostname or b""
+            self.port = parsed.port
+            self.target = (parsed.path or b"/") + (
+                b"?" + parsed.query if parsed.query else b""
+            )
+        else:
+            self.scheme = enforce_bytes(scheme, name="scheme")
+            self.host = enforce_bytes(host, name="host")
+            self.port = port
+            self.target = enforce_bytes(target, name="target")
+
+    @property
+    def origin(self) -> Origin:
+        default_port = {
+            b"http": 80,
+            b"https": 443,
+            b"ws": 80,
+            b"wss": 443,
+            b"socks5": 1080,
+            b"socks5h": 1080,
+        }[self.scheme]
+        return Origin(
+            scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port or default_port
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, URL)
+            and other.scheme == self.scheme
+            and other.host == self.host
+            and other.port == self.port
+            and other.target == self.target
+        )
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.port is None:
+            return b"%b://%b%b" % (self.scheme, self.host, self.target)
+        return b"%b://%b:%d%b" % (self.scheme, self.host, self.port, self.target)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}(scheme={self.scheme!r}, "
+            f"host={self.host!r}, port={self.port!r}, target={self.target!r})"
+        )
+
+
+class Request:
+    """
+    An HTTP request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes
+        | typing.Iterable[bytes]
+        | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]
+        | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Parameters:
+            method: The HTTP request method, either as a string or bytes.
+                For example: `GET`.
+            url: The request URL, either as a `URL` instance, or as a string or bytes.
+                For example: `"https://www.example.com".`
+            headers: The HTTP request headers.
+            content: The content of the request body.
+            extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on
+                the request. Possible keys include `"timeout"`, and `"trace"`.
+        """
+        self.method: bytes = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        self.url: URL = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = enforce_headers(
+            headers, name="headers"
+        )
+        self.stream: typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes] = (
+            enforce_stream(content, name="content")
+        )
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+
+        if "target" in self.extensions:
+            self.url = URL(
+                scheme=self.url.scheme,
+                host=self.url.host,
+                port=self.url.port,
+                target=self.extensions["target"],
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.method!r}]>"
+
+
+class Response:
+    """
+    An HTTP response.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: int,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes
+        | typing.Iterable[bytes]
+        | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]
+        | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Parameters:
+            status: The HTTP status code of the response. For example `200`.
+            headers: The HTTP response headers.
+            content: The content of the response body.
+            extensions: A dictionary of optional extra information included on
+                the responseself.Possible keys include `"http_version"`,
+                `"reason_phrase"`, and `"network_stream"`.
+        """
+        self.status: int = status
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = enforce_headers(
+            headers, name="headers"
+        )
+        self.stream: typing.Iterable[bytes] | typing.AsyncIterable[bytes] = (
+            enforce_stream(content, name="content")
+        )
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+
+        self._stream_consumed = False
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            if isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Attempted to access 'response.content' on a streaming response. "
+                    "Call 'response.read()' first."
+                )
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Attempted to access 'response.content' on a streaming response. "
+                    "Call 'await response.aread()' first."
+                )
+        return self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.status}]>"
+
+    # Sync interface...
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to read an asynchronous response using 'response.read()'. "
+                "You should use 'await response.aread()' instead."
+            )
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part for part in self.iter_stream()])
+        return self._content
+
+    def iter_stream(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to stream an asynchronous response using 'for ... in "
+                "response.iter_stream()'. "
+                "You should use 'async for ... in response.aiter_stream()' instead."
+            )
+        if self._stream_consumed:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to call 'for ... in response.iter_stream()' more than once."
+            )
+        self._stream_consumed = True
+        for chunk in self.stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to close an asynchronous response using 'response.close()'. "
+                "You should use 'await response.aclose()' instead."
+            )
+        if hasattr(self.stream, "close"):
+            self.stream.close()
+
+    # Async interface...
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to read an synchronous response using "
+                "'await response.aread()'. "
+                "You should use 'response.read()' instead."
+            )
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.aiter_stream()])
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aiter_stream(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to stream an synchronous response using 'async for ... in "
+                "response.aiter_stream()'. "
+                "You should use 'for ... in response.iter_stream()' instead."
+            )
+        if self._stream_consumed:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to call 'async for ... in response.aiter_stream()' "
+                "more than once."
+            )
+        self._stream_consumed = True
+        async for chunk in self.stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable):  # pragma: nocover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to close a synchronous response using "
+                "'await response.aclose()'. "
+                "You should use 'response.close()' instead."
+            )
+        if hasattr(self.stream, "aclose"):
+            await self.stream.aclose()
+
+
+class Proxy:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        self.headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+
+        if auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(auth[0], name="auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(auth[1], name="auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self.auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (username, password)
+            self.headers = [(b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)] + self.headers
+        else:
+            self.auth = None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_ssl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_ssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c99c5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_ssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import ssl
+
+import certifi
+
+
+def default_ssl_context() -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    context = ssl.create_default_context()
+    context.load_verify_locations(certifi.where())
+    return context
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b476d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .http_proxy import HTTPProxy
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+try:
+    from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class HTTP2Connection:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use http2 support, but the `h2` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[http2]'."
+            )
+
+
+try:
+    from .socks_proxy import SOCKSProxy
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+
+    class SOCKSProxy:  # type: ignore
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to use SOCKS support, but the `socksio` package is not "
+                "installed. Use 'pip install httpcore[socks]'."
+            )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "HTTPConnection",
+    "ConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPProxy",
+    "HTTP11Connection",
+    "HTTP2Connection",
+    "ConnectionInterface",
+    "SOCKSProxy",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..363f8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import itertools
+import logging
+import ssl
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectError, ConnectTimeout
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR = 0.5  # 0s, 0.5s, 1s, 2s, 4s, etc.
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.connection")
+
+
+def exponential_backoff(factor: float) -> typing.Iterator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a geometric sequence that has a ratio of 2 and starts with 0.
+
+    For example:
+    - `factor = 2`: `0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...`
+    - `factor = 3`: `0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, ...`
+    """
+    yield 0
+    for n in itertools.count():
+        yield factor * 2**n
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend: NetworkBackend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed: bool = False
+        self._request_lock = Lock()
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            with self._request_lock:
+                if self._connection is None:
+                    stream = self._connect(request)
+
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+                    if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                        from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self._connect_failed = True
+            raise exc
+
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def _connect(self, request: Request) -> NetworkStream:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        retries_left = self._retries
+        delays = exponential_backoff(factor=RETRIES_BACKOFF_FACTOR)
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                if self._uds is None:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._origin.port,
+                        "local_address": self._local_address,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                else:
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "path": self._uds,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                        "socket_options": self._socket_options,
+                    }
+                    with Trace(
+                        "connect_unix_socket", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_unix_socket(
+                            **kwargs
+                        )
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                if self._origin.scheme in (b"https", b"wss"):
+                    ssl_context = (
+                        default_ssl_context()
+                        if self._ssl_context is None
+                        else self._ssl_context
+                    )
+                    alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                    ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                        "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                        or self._origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+                return stream
+            except (ConnectError, ConnectTimeout):
+                if retries_left <= 0:
+                    raise
+                retries_left -= 1
+                delay = next(delays)
+                with Trace("retry", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    self._network_backend.sleep(delay)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            with Trace("close", logger, None, {}):
+                self._connection.close()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTPConnection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ccfa53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/connection_pool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ssl
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, UnsupportedProtocol
+from .._models import Origin, Proxy, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Event, ShieldCancellation, ThreadLock
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface, RequestInterface
+
+
+class PoolRequest:
+    def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = request
+        self.connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connection_acquired = Event()
+
+    def assign_to_connection(self, connection: ConnectionInterface | None) -> None:
+        self.connection = connection
+        self._connection_acquired.set()
+
+    def clear_connection(self) -> None:
+        self.connection = None
+        self._connection_acquired = Event()
+
+    def wait_for_connection(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if self.connection is None:
+            self._connection_acquired.wait(timeout=timeout)
+        assert self.connection is not None
+        return self.connection
+
+    def is_queued(self) -> bool:
+        return self.connection is None
+
+
+class ConnectionPool(RequestInterface):
+    """
+    A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy: Proxy | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish a
+                connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to connect
+                using a particular address family. Using `local_address="0.0.0.0"`
+                will connect using an `AF_INET` address (IPv4), while using
+                `local_address="::"` will connect using an `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+            socket_options: Socket options that have to be included
+             in the TCP socket when the connection was established.
+        """
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy = proxy
+        self._max_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize if max_connections is None else max_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = (
+            sys.maxsize
+            if max_keepalive_connections is None
+            else max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+        self._max_keepalive_connections = min(
+            self._max_connections, self._max_keepalive_connections
+        )
+
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._retries = retries
+        self._local_address = local_address
+        self._uds = uds
+
+        self._network_backend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._socket_options = socket_options
+
+        # The mutable state on a connection pool is the queue of incoming requests,
+        # and the set of connections that are servicing those requests.
+        self._connections: list[ConnectionInterface] = []
+        self._requests: list[PoolRequest] = []
+
+        # We only mutate the state of the connection pool within an 'optional_thread_lock'
+        # context. This holds a threading lock unless we're running in async mode,
+        # in which case it is a no-op.
+        self._optional_thread_lock = ThreadLock()
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if self._proxy is not None:
+            if self._proxy.url.scheme in (b"socks5", b"socks5h"):
+                from .socks_proxy import Socks5Connection
+
+                return Socks5Connection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_auth=self._proxy.auth,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    http1=self._http1,
+                    http2=self._http2,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            elif origin.scheme == b"http":
+                from .http_proxy import ForwardHTTPConnection
+
+                return ForwardHTTPConnection(
+                    proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                    proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                    proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                    remote_origin=origin,
+                    keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                )
+            from .http_proxy import TunnelHTTPConnection
+
+            return TunnelHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy.url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy.headers,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy.ssl_context,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=self._http1,
+                http2=self._http2,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            )
+
+        return HTTPConnection(
+            origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            retries=self._retries,
+            local_address=self._local_address,
+            uds=self._uds,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+            socket_options=self._socket_options,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> list[ConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Return a list of the connections currently in the pool.
+
+        For example:
+
+        ```python
+        >>> pool.connections
+        [
+            <HTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, ACTIVE, Request Count: 6]>,
+            <HTTPConnection ['https://example.com:443', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 9]> ,
+            <HTTPConnection ['http://example.com:80', HTTP/1.1, IDLE, Request Count: 1]>,
+        ]
+        ```
+        """
+        return list(self._connections)
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an HTTP request, and return an HTTP response.
+
+        This is the core implementation that is called into by `.request()` or `.stream()`.
+        """
+        scheme = request.url.scheme.decode()
+        if scheme == "":
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                "Request URL is missing an 'http://' or 'https://' protocol."
+            )
+        if scheme not in ("http", "https", "ws", "wss"):
+            raise UnsupportedProtocol(
+                f"Request URL has an unsupported protocol '{scheme}://'."
+            )
+
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("pool", None)
+
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            # Add the incoming request to our request queue.
+            pool_request = PoolRequest(request)
+            self._requests.append(pool_request)
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                    # Assign incoming requests to available connections,
+                    # closing or creating new connections as required.
+                    closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+                self._close_connections(closing)
+
+                # Wait until this request has an assigned connection.
+                connection = pool_request.wait_for_connection(timeout=timeout)
+
+                try:
+                    # Send the request on the assigned connection.
+                    response = connection.handle_request(
+                        pool_request.request
+                    )
+                except ConnectionNotAvailable:
+                    # In some cases a connection may initially be available to
+                    # handle a request, but then become unavailable.
+                    #
+                    # In this case we clear the connection and try again.
+                    pool_request.clear_connection()
+                else:
+                    break  # pragma: nocover
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with self._optional_thread_lock:
+                # For any exception or cancellation we remove the request from
+                # the queue, and then re-assign requests to connections.
+                self._requests.remove(pool_request)
+                closing = self._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            self._close_connections(closing)
+            raise exc from None
+
+        # Return the response. Note that in this case we still have to manage
+        # the point at which the response is closed.
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        return Response(
+            status=response.status,
+            headers=response.headers,
+            content=PoolByteStream(
+                stream=response.stream, pool_request=pool_request, pool=self
+            ),
+            extensions=response.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _assign_requests_to_connections(self) -> list[ConnectionInterface]:
+        """
+        Manage the state of the connection pool, assigning incoming
+        requests to connections as available.
+
+        Called whenever a new request is added or removed from the pool.
+
+        Any closing connections are returned, allowing the I/O for closing
+        those connections to be handled seperately.
+        """
+        closing_connections = []
+
+        # First we handle cleaning up any connections that are closed,
+        # have expired their keep-alive, or surplus idle connections.
+        for connection in list(self._connections):
+            if connection.is_closed():
+                # log: "removing closed connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+            elif connection.has_expired():
+                # log: "closing expired connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+            elif (
+                connection.is_idle()
+                and len([connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections])
+                > self._max_keepalive_connections
+            ):
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+
+        # Assign queued requests to connections.
+        queued_requests = [request for request in self._requests if request.is_queued()]
+        for pool_request in queued_requests:
+            origin = pool_request.request.url.origin
+            available_connections = [
+                connection
+                for connection in self._connections
+                if connection.can_handle_request(origin) and connection.is_available()
+            ]
+            idle_connections = [
+                connection for connection in self._connections if connection.is_idle()
+            ]
+
+            # There are three cases for how we may be able to handle the request:
+            #
+            # 1. There is an existing connection that can handle the request.
+            # 2. We can create a new connection to handle the request.
+            # 3. We can close an idle connection and then create a new connection
+            #    to handle the request.
+            if available_connections:
+                # log: "reusing existing connection"
+                connection = available_connections[0]
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif len(self._connections) < self._max_connections:
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+            elif idle_connections:
+                # log: "closing idle connection"
+                connection = idle_connections[0]
+                self._connections.remove(connection)
+                closing_connections.append(connection)
+                # log: "creating new connection"
+                connection = self.create_connection(origin)
+                self._connections.append(connection)
+                pool_request.assign_to_connection(connection)
+
+        return closing_connections
+
+    def _close_connections(self, closing: list[ConnectionInterface]) -> None:
+        # Close connections which have been removed from the pool.
+        with ShieldCancellation():
+            for connection in closing:
+                connection.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Explicitly close the connection pool.
+        # Clears all existing requests and connections.
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            closing_connections = list(self._connections)
+            self._connections = []
+        self._close_connections(closing_connections)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ConnectionPool:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        with self._optional_thread_lock:
+            request_is_queued = [request.is_queued() for request in self._requests]
+            connection_is_idle = [
+                connection.is_idle() for connection in self._connections
+            ]
+
+            num_active_requests = request_is_queued.count(False)
+            num_queued_requests = request_is_queued.count(True)
+            num_active_connections = connection_is_idle.count(False)
+            num_idle_connections = connection_is_idle.count(True)
+
+        requests_info = (
+            f"Requests: {num_active_requests} active, {num_queued_requests} queued"
+        )
+        connection_info = (
+            f"Connections: {num_active_connections} active, {num_idle_connections} idle"
+        )
+
+        return f"<{class_name} [{requests_info} | {connection_info}]>"
+
+
+class PoolByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stream: typing.Iterable[bytes],
+        pool_request: PoolRequest,
+        pool: ConnectionPool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._pool_request = pool_request
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self.close()
+            raise exc from None
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                if hasattr(self._stream, "close"):
+                    self._stream.close()
+
+            with self._pool._optional_thread_lock:
+                self._pool._requests.remove(self._pool_request)
+                closing = self._pool._assign_requests_to_connections()
+
+            self._pool._close_connections(closing)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd3a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import ssl
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h11
+
+from .._backends.base import NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    WriteError,
+    map_exceptions,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Lock, ShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http11")
+
+
+# A subset of `h11.Event` types supported by `_send_event`
+H11SendEvent = typing.Union[
+    h11.Request,
+    h11.Data,
+    h11.EndOfMessage,
+]
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    NEW = 0
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class HTTP11Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE = 100 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: NetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.NEW
+        self._state_lock = Lock()
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._h11_state = h11.Connection(
+            our_role=h11.CLIENT,
+            max_incomplete_event_size=self.MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.NEW, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+                self._expire_at = None
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request}
+            try:
+                with Trace(
+                    "send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+                ) as trace:
+                    self._send_request_headers(**kwargs)
+                with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    self._send_request_body(**kwargs)
+            except WriteError:
+                # If we get a write error while we're writing the request,
+                # then we supress this error and move on to attempting to
+                # read the response. Servers can sometimes close the request
+                # pre-emptively and then respond with a well formed HTTP
+                # error response.
+                pass
+
+            with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                    trailing_data,
+                ) = self._receive_response_headers(**kwargs)
+                trace.return_value = (
+                    http_version,
+                    status,
+                    reason_phrase,
+                    headers,
+                )
+
+            network_stream = self._network_stream
+
+            # CONNECT or Upgrade request
+            if (status == 101) or (
+                (request.method == b"CONNECT") and (200 <= status < 300)
+            ):
+                network_stream = HTTP11UpgradeStream(network_stream, trailing_data)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP11ConnectionByteStream(self, request),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": http_version,
+                    "reason_phrase": reason_phrase,
+                    "network_stream": network_stream,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                with Trace("response_closed", logger, request) as trace:
+                    self._response_closed()
+            raise exc
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with map_exceptions({h11.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError}):
+            event = h11.Request(
+                method=request.method,
+                target=request.url.target,
+                headers=request.headers,
+            )
+        self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _send_request_body(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        for chunk in request.stream:
+            event = h11.Data(data=chunk)
+            self._send_event(event, timeout=timeout)
+
+        self._send_event(h11.EndOfMessage(), timeout=timeout)
+
+    def _send_event(self, event: h11.Event, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        bytes_to_send = self._h11_state.send(event)
+        if bytes_to_send is not None:
+            self._network_stream.write(bytes_to_send, timeout=timeout)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    def _receive_response_headers(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int, bytes, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]], bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Response):
+                break
+            if (
+                isinstance(event, h11.InformationalResponse)
+                and event.status_code == 101
+            ):
+                break
+
+        http_version = b"HTTP/" + event.http_version
+
+        # h11 version 0.11+ supports a `raw_items` interface to get the
+        # raw header casing, rather than the enforced lowercase headers.
+        headers = event.headers.raw_items()
+
+        trailing_data, _ = self._h11_state.trailing_data
+
+        return http_version, event.status_code, event.reason, headers, trailing_data
+
+    def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_event(timeout=timeout)
+            if isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                yield bytes(event.data)
+            elif isinstance(event, (h11.EndOfMessage, h11.PAUSED)):
+                break
+
+    def _receive_event(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None
+    ) -> h11.Event | type[h11.PAUSED]:
+        while True:
+            with map_exceptions({h11.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError}):
+                event = self._h11_state.next_event()
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                data = self._network_stream.read(
+                    self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout=timeout
+                )
+
+                # If we feed this case through h11 we'll raise an exception like:
+                #
+                #     httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: can't handle event type
+                #     ConnectionClosed when role=SERVER and state=SEND_RESPONSE
+                #
+                # Which is accurate, but not very informative from an end-user
+                # perspective. Instead we handle this case distinctly and treat
+                # it as a ConnectError.
+                if data == b"" and self._h11_state.their_state == h11.SEND_RESPONSE:
+                    msg = "Server disconnected without sending a response."
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(msg)
+
+                self._h11_state.receive_data(data)
+            else:
+                # mypy fails to narrow the type in the above if statement above
+                return event  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def _response_closed(self) -> None:
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if (
+                self._h11_state.our_state is h11.DONE
+                and self._h11_state.their_state is h11.DONE
+            ):
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                self._h11_state.start_next_cycle()
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+            else:
+                self.close()
+
+    # Once the connection is no longer required...
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        self._network_stream.close()
+
+    # The ConnectionInterface methods provide information about the state of
+    # the connection, allowing for a connection pooling implementation to
+    # determine when to reuse and when to close the connection...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        # Note that HTTP/1.1 connections in the "NEW" state are not treated as
+        # being "available". The control flow which created the connection will
+        # be able to send an outgoing request, but the connection will not be
+        # acquired from the connection pool for any other request.
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        keepalive_expired = self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+        # If the HTTP connection is idle but the socket is readable, then the
+        # only valid state is that the socket is about to return b"", indicating
+        # a server-initiated disconnect.
+        server_disconnected = (
+            self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+            and self._network_stream.get_extra_info("is_readable")
+        )
+
+        return keepalive_expired or server_disconnected
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/1.1, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTP11Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+
+class HTTP11ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(self, connection: HTTP11Connection, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request}
+        try:
+            with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(**kwargs):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                self.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request):
+                self._connection._response_closed()
+
+
+class HTTP11UpgradeStream(NetworkStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: NetworkStream, leading_data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._leading_data = leading_data
+
+    def read(self, max_bytes: int, timeout: float | None = None) -> bytes:
+        if self._leading_data:
+            buffer = self._leading_data[:max_bytes]
+            self._leading_data = self._leading_data[max_bytes:]
+            return buffer
+        else:
+            return self._stream.read(max_bytes, timeout)
+
+    def write(self, buffer: bytes, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        self._stream.write(buffer, timeout)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._stream.close()
+
+    def start_tls(
+        self,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> NetworkStream:
+        return self._stream.start_tls(ssl_context, server_hostname, timeout)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, info: str) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._stream.get_extra_info(info)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddcc189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import types
+import typing
+
+import h2.config
+import h2.connection
+import h2.events
+import h2.exceptions
+import h2.settings
+
+from .._backends.base import NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectionNotAvailable,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+)
+from .._models import Origin, Request, Response
+from .._synchronization import Lock, Semaphore, ShieldCancellation
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.http2")
+
+
+def has_body_headers(request: Request) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        k.lower() == b"content-length" or k.lower() == b"transfer-encoding"
+        for k, v in request.headers
+    )
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionState(enum.IntEnum):
+    ACTIVE = 1
+    IDLE = 2
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class HTTP2Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    READ_NUM_BYTES = 64 * 1024
+    CONFIG = h2.config.H2Configuration(validate_inbound_headers=False)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Origin,
+        stream: NetworkStream,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        self._origin = origin
+        self._network_stream = stream
+        self._keepalive_expiry: float | None = keepalive_expiry
+        self._h2_state = h2.connection.H2Connection(config=self.CONFIG)
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+        self._expire_at: float | None = None
+        self._request_count = 0
+        self._init_lock = Lock()
+        self._state_lock = Lock()
+        self._read_lock = Lock()
+        self._write_lock = Lock()
+        self._sent_connection_init = False
+        self._used_all_stream_ids = False
+        self._connection_error = False
+
+        # Mapping from stream ID to response stream events.
+        self._events: dict[
+            int,
+            list[
+                h2.events.ResponseReceived
+                | h2.events.DataReceived
+                | h2.events.StreamEnded
+                | h2.events.StreamReset,
+            ],
+        ] = {}
+
+        # Connection terminated events are stored as state since
+        # we need to handle them for all streams.
+        self._connection_terminated: h2.events.ConnectionTerminated | None = None
+
+        self._read_exception: Exception | None = None
+        self._write_exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not self.can_handle_request(request.url.origin):
+            # This cannot occur in normal operation, since the connection pool
+            # will only send requests on connections that handle them.
+            # It's in place simply for resilience as a guard against incorrect
+            # usage, for anyone working directly with httpcore connections.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Attempted to send request to {request.url.origin} on connection "
+                f"to {self._origin}"
+            )
+
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._state in (HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE, HTTPConnectionState.IDLE):
+                self._request_count += 1
+                self._expire_at = None
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        with self._init_lock:
+            if not self._sent_connection_init:
+                try:
+                    sci_kwargs = {"request": request}
+                    with Trace(
+                        "send_connection_init", logger, request, sci_kwargs
+                    ):
+                        self._send_connection_init(**sci_kwargs)
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    with ShieldCancellation():
+                        self.close()
+                    raise exc
+
+                self._sent_connection_init = True
+
+                # Initially start with just 1 until the remote server provides
+                # its max_concurrent_streams value
+                self._max_streams = 1
+
+                local_settings_max_streams = (
+                    self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams
+                )
+                self._max_streams_semaphore = Semaphore(local_settings_max_streams)
+
+                for _ in range(local_settings_max_streams - self._max_streams):
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+
+        try:
+            stream_id = self._h2_state.get_next_available_stream_id()
+            self._events[stream_id] = []
+        except h2.exceptions.NoAvailableStreamIDError:  # pragma: nocover
+            self._used_all_stream_ids = True
+            self._request_count -= 1
+            raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        try:
+            kwargs = {"request": request, "stream_id": stream_id}
+            with Trace("send_request_headers", logger, request, kwargs):
+                self._send_request_headers(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            with Trace("send_request_body", logger, request, kwargs):
+                self._send_request_body(request=request, stream_id=stream_id)
+            with Trace(
+                "receive_response_headers", logger, request, kwargs
+            ) as trace:
+                status, headers = self._receive_response(
+                    request=request, stream_id=stream_id
+                )
+                trace.return_value = (status, headers)
+
+            return Response(
+                status=status,
+                headers=headers,
+                content=HTTP2ConnectionByteStream(self, request, stream_id=stream_id),
+                extensions={
+                    "http_version": b"HTTP/2",
+                    "network_stream": self._network_stream,
+                    "stream_id": stream_id,
+                },
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:  # noqa: PIE786
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                kwargs = {"stream_id": stream_id}
+                with Trace("response_closed", logger, request, kwargs):
+                    self._response_closed(stream_id=stream_id)
+
+            if isinstance(exc, h2.exceptions.ProtocolError):
+                # One case where h2 can raise a protocol error is when a
+                # closed frame has been seen by the state machine.
+                #
+                # This happens when one stream is reading, and encounters
+                # a GOAWAY event. Other flows of control may then raise
+                # a protocol error at any point they interact with the 'h2_state'.
+                #
+                # In this case we'll have stored the event, and should raise
+                # it as a RemoteProtocolError.
+                if self._connection_terminated:  # pragma: nocover
+                    raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+                # If h2 raises a protocol error in some other state then we
+                # must somehow have made a protocol violation.
+                raise LocalProtocolError(exc)  # pragma: nocover
+
+            raise exc
+
+    def _send_connection_init(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        The HTTP/2 connection requires some initial setup before we can start
+        using individual request/response streams on it.
+        """
+        # Need to set these manually here instead of manipulating via
+        # __setitem__() otherwise the H2Connection will emit SettingsUpdate
+        # frames in addition to sending the undesired defaults.
+        self._h2_state.local_settings = h2.settings.Settings(
+            client=True,
+            initial_values={
+                # Disable PUSH_PROMISE frames from the server since we don't do anything
+                # with them for now.  Maybe when we support caching?
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_PUSH: 0,
+                # These two are taken from h2 for safe defaults
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS: 100,
+                h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE: 65536,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # Some websites (*cough* Yahoo *cough*) balk at this setting being
+        # present in the initial handshake since it's not defined in the original
+        # RFC despite the RFC mandating ignoring settings you don't know about.
+        del self._h2_state.local_settings[
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.ENABLE_CONNECT_PROTOCOL
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.initiate_connection()
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Sending the request...
+
+    def _send_request_headers(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send the request headers to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        end_stream = not has_body_headers(request)
+
+        # In HTTP/2 the ':authority' pseudo-header is used instead of 'Host'.
+        # In order to gracefully handle HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 we always require
+        # HTTP/1.1 style headers, and map them appropriately if we end up on
+        # an HTTP/2 connection.
+        authority = [v for k, v in request.headers if k.lower() == b"host"][0]
+
+        headers = [
+            (b":method", request.method),
+            (b":authority", authority),
+            (b":scheme", request.url.scheme),
+            (b":path", request.url.target),
+        ] + [
+            (k.lower(), v)
+            for k, v in request.headers
+            if k.lower()
+            not in (
+                b"host",
+                b"transfer-encoding",
+            )
+        ]
+
+        self._h2_state.send_headers(stream_id, headers, end_stream=end_stream)
+        self._h2_state.increment_flow_control_window(2**24, stream_id=stream_id)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _send_request_body(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Iterate over the request body sending it to a given stream ID.
+        """
+        if not has_body_headers(request):
+            return
+
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, typing.Iterable)
+        for data in request.stream:
+            self._send_stream_data(request, stream_id, data)
+        self._send_end_stream(request, stream_id)
+
+    def _send_stream_data(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a single chunk of data in one or more data frames.
+        """
+        while data:
+            max_flow = self._wait_for_outgoing_flow(request, stream_id)
+            chunk_size = min(len(data), max_flow)
+            chunk, data = data[:chunk_size], data[chunk_size:]
+            self._h2_state.send_data(stream_id, chunk)
+            self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _send_end_stream(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Send an empty data frame on on a given stream ID with the END_STREAM flag set.
+        """
+        self._h2_state.end_stream(stream_id)
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    # Receiving the response...
+
+    def _receive_response(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]:
+        """
+        Return the response status code and headers for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.ResponseReceived):
+                break
+
+        status_code = 200
+        headers = []
+        assert event.headers is not None
+        for k, v in event.headers:
+            if k == b":status":
+                status_code = int(v.decode("ascii", errors="ignore"))
+            elif not k.startswith(b":"):
+                headers.append((k, v))
+
+        return (status_code, headers)
+
+    def _receive_response_body(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        Iterator that returns the bytes of the response body for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        while True:
+            event = self._receive_stream_event(request, stream_id)
+            if isinstance(event, h2.events.DataReceived):
+                assert event.flow_controlled_length is not None
+                assert event.data is not None
+                amount = event.flow_controlled_length
+                self._h2_state.acknowledge_received_data(amount, stream_id)
+                self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+                yield event.data
+            elif isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamEnded):
+                break
+
+    def _receive_stream_event(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> h2.events.ResponseReceived | h2.events.DataReceived | h2.events.StreamEnded:
+        """
+        Return the next available event for a given stream ID.
+
+        Will read more data from the network if required.
+        """
+        while not self._events.get(stream_id):
+            self._receive_events(request, stream_id)
+        event = self._events[stream_id].pop(0)
+        if isinstance(event, h2.events.StreamReset):
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(event)
+        return event
+
+    def _receive_events(
+        self, request: Request, stream_id: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read some data from the network until we see one or more events
+        for a given stream ID.
+        """
+        with self._read_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated is not None:
+                last_stream_id = self._connection_terminated.last_stream_id
+                if stream_id and last_stream_id and stream_id > last_stream_id:
+                    self._request_count -= 1
+                    raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+                raise RemoteProtocolError(self._connection_terminated)
+
+            # This conditional is a bit icky. We don't want to block reading if we've
+            # actually got an event to return for a given stream. We need to do that
+            # check *within* the atomic read lock. Though it also need to be optional,
+            # because when we call it from `_wait_for_outgoing_flow` we *do* want to
+            # block until we've available flow control, event when we have events
+            # pending for the stream ID we're attempting to send on.
+            if stream_id is None or not self._events.get(stream_id):
+                events = self._read_incoming_data(request)
+                for event in events:
+                    if isinstance(event, h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged):
+                        with Trace(
+                            "receive_remote_settings", logger, request
+                        ) as trace:
+                            self._receive_remote_settings_change(event)
+                            trace.return_value = event
+
+                    elif isinstance(
+                        event,
+                        (
+                            h2.events.ResponseReceived,
+                            h2.events.DataReceived,
+                            h2.events.StreamEnded,
+                            h2.events.StreamReset,
+                        ),
+                    ):
+                        if event.stream_id in self._events:
+                            self._events[event.stream_id].append(event)
+
+                    elif isinstance(event, h2.events.ConnectionTerminated):
+                        self._connection_terminated = event
+
+        self._write_outgoing_data(request)
+
+    def _receive_remote_settings_change(
+        self, event: h2.events.RemoteSettingsChanged
+    ) -> None:
+        max_concurrent_streams = event.changed_settings.get(
+            h2.settings.SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+        )
+        if max_concurrent_streams:
+            new_max_streams = min(
+                max_concurrent_streams.new_value,
+                self._h2_state.local_settings.max_concurrent_streams,
+            )
+            if new_max_streams and new_max_streams != self._max_streams:
+                while new_max_streams > self._max_streams:
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+                    self._max_streams += 1
+                while new_max_streams < self._max_streams:
+                    self._max_streams_semaphore.acquire()
+                    self._max_streams -= 1
+
+    def _response_closed(self, stream_id: int) -> None:
+        self._max_streams_semaphore.release()
+        del self._events[stream_id]
+        with self._state_lock:
+            if self._connection_terminated and not self._events:
+                self.close()
+
+            elif self._state == HTTPConnectionState.ACTIVE and not self._events:
+                self._state = HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+                if self._keepalive_expiry is not None:
+                    now = time.monotonic()
+                    self._expire_at = now + self._keepalive_expiry
+                if self._used_all_stream_ids:  # pragma: nocover
+                    self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        # Note that this method unilaterally closes the connection, and does
+        # not have any kind of locking in place around it.
+        self._h2_state.close_connection()
+        self._state = HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+        self._network_stream.close()
+
+    # Wrappers around network read/write operations...
+
+    def _read_incoming_data(self, request: Request) -> list[h2.events.Event]:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("read", None)
+
+        if self._read_exception is not None:
+            raise self._read_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+        try:
+            data = self._network_stream.read(self.READ_NUM_BYTES, timeout)
+            if data == b"":
+                raise RemoteProtocolError("Server disconnected")
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # If we get a network error we should:
+            #
+            # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future reads.
+            #    (For example, this means that a single read timeout or disconnect will
+            #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+            #    sequential timeouts.)
+            # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+            #    incoming requests.
+            self._read_exception = exc
+            self._connection_error = True
+            raise exc
+
+        events: list[h2.events.Event] = self._h2_state.receive_data(data)
+
+        return events
+
+    def _write_outgoing_data(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("write", None)
+
+        with self._write_lock:
+            data_to_send = self._h2_state.data_to_send()
+
+            if self._write_exception is not None:
+                raise self._write_exception  # pragma: nocover
+
+            try:
+                self._network_stream.write(data_to_send, timeout)
+            except Exception as exc:  # pragma: nocover
+                # If we get a network error we should:
+                #
+                # 1. Save the exception and just raise it immediately on any future write.
+                #    (For example, this means that a single write timeout or disconnect will
+                #    immediately close all pending streams. Without requiring multiple
+                #    sequential timeouts.)
+                # 2. Mark the connection as errored, so that we don't accept any other
+                #    incoming requests.
+                self._write_exception = exc
+                self._connection_error = True
+                raise exc
+
+    # Flow control...
+
+    def _wait_for_outgoing_flow(self, request: Request, stream_id: int) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the maximum allowable outgoing flow for a given stream.
+
+        If the allowable flow is zero, then waits on the network until
+        WindowUpdated frames have increased the flow rate.
+        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540#section-6.9
+        """
+        local_flow: int = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+        max_frame_size: int = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+        flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        while flow == 0:
+            self._receive_events(request)
+            local_flow = self._h2_state.local_flow_control_window(stream_id)
+            max_frame_size = self._h2_state.max_outbound_frame_size
+            flow = min(local_flow, max_frame_size)
+        return flow
+
+    # Interface for connection pooling...
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._origin
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._state != HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+            and not self._connection_error
+            and not self._used_all_stream_ids
+            and not (
+                self._h2_state.state_machine.state
+                == h2.connection.ConnectionState.CLOSED
+            )
+        )
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        return self._expire_at is not None and now > self._expire_at
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.IDLE
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._state == HTTPConnectionState.CLOSED
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"{origin!r}, HTTP/2, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}"
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        origin = str(self._origin)
+        return (
+            f"<{class_name} [{origin!r}, {self._state.name}, "
+            f"Request Count: {self._request_count}]>"
+        )
+
+    # These context managers are not used in the standard flow, but are
+    # useful for testing or working with connection instances directly.
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> HTTP2Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+
+class HTTP2ConnectionByteStream:
+    def __init__(
+        self, connection: HTTP2Connection, request: Request, stream_id: int
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = connection
+        self._request = request
+        self._stream_id = stream_id
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        kwargs = {"request": self._request, "stream_id": self._stream_id}
+        try:
+            with Trace("receive_response_body", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                for chunk in self._connection._receive_response_body(
+                    request=self._request, stream_id=self._stream_id
+                ):
+                    yield chunk
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            # If we get an exception while streaming the response,
+            # we want to close the response (and possibly the connection)
+            # before raising that exception.
+            with ShieldCancellation():
+                self.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            kwargs = {"stream_id": self._stream_id}
+            with Trace("response_closed", logger, self._request, kwargs):
+                self._connection._response_closed(stream_id=self._stream_id)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecca88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/http_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import logging
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+from .._backends.base import SOCKET_OPTION, NetworkBackend
+from .._exceptions import ProxyError
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+)
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection import HTTPConnection
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+ByteOrStr = typing.Union[bytes, str]
+HeadersAsSequence = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]]
+HeadersAsMapping = typing.Mapping[ByteOrStr, ByteOrStr]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.proxy")
+
+
+def merge_headers(
+    default_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    override_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """
+    Append default_headers and override_headers, de-duplicating if a key exists
+    in both cases.
+    """
+    default_headers = [] if default_headers is None else list(default_headers)
+    override_headers = [] if override_headers is None else list(override_headers)
+    has_override = set(key.lower() for key, value in override_headers)
+    default_headers = [
+        (key, value)
+        for key, value in default_headers
+        if key.lower() not in has_override
+    ]
+    return default_headers + override_headers
+
+
+class HTTPProxy(ConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            proxy_auth: Any proxy authentication as a two-tuple of
+                (username, password). May be either bytes or ascii-only str.
+            proxy_headers: Any HTTP headers to use for the proxy requests.
+                For example `{"Proxy-Authorization": "Basic <username>:<password>"}`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            proxy_ssl_context: The same as `ssl_context`, but for a proxy server rather than a remote origin.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+            local_address=local_address,
+            uds=uds,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+        )
+
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if (
+            self._proxy_url.scheme == b"http" and proxy_ssl_context is not None
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The `proxy_ssl_context` argument is not allowed for the http scheme"
+            )
+
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[0], name="proxy_auth")
+            password = enforce_bytes(proxy_auth[1], name="proxy_auth")
+            userpass = username + b":" + password
+            authorization = b"Basic " + base64.b64encode(userpass)
+            self._proxy_headers = [
+                (b"Proxy-Authorization", authorization)
+            ] + self._proxy_headers
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        if origin.scheme == b"http":
+            return ForwardHTTPConnection(
+                proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+                proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+                remote_origin=origin,
+                keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                network_backend=self._network_backend,
+                proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            )
+        return TunnelHTTPConnection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            proxy_headers=self._proxy_headers,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            proxy_ssl_context=self._proxy_ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class ForwardHTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_headers: HeadersAsMapping | HeadersAsSequence | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection = HTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        headers = merge_headers(self._proxy_headers, request.headers)
+        url = URL(
+            scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+            host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+            port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+            target=bytes(request.url),
+        )
+        proxy_request = Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        return self._connection.handle_request(proxy_request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._connection.close()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
+
+
+class TunnelHTTPConnection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: typing.Sequence[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface = HTTPConnection(
+            origin=proxy_origin,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            socket_options=socket_options,
+            ssl_context=proxy_ssl_context,
+        )
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self._proxy_headers = enforce_headers(proxy_headers, name="proxy_headers")
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+        self._connect_lock = Lock()
+        self._connected = False
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        with self._connect_lock:
+            if not self._connected:
+                target = b"%b:%d" % (self._remote_origin.host, self._remote_origin.port)
+
+                connect_url = URL(
+                    scheme=self._proxy_origin.scheme,
+                    host=self._proxy_origin.host,
+                    port=self._proxy_origin.port,
+                    target=target,
+                )
+                connect_headers = merge_headers(
+                    [(b"Host", target), (b"Accept", b"*/*")], self._proxy_headers
+                )
+                connect_request = Request(
+                    method=b"CONNECT",
+                    url=connect_url,
+                    headers=connect_headers,
+                    extensions=request.extensions,
+                )
+                connect_response = self._connection.handle_request(
+                    connect_request
+                )
+
+                if connect_response.status < 200 or connect_response.status > 299:
+                    reason_bytes = connect_response.extensions.get("reason_phrase", b"")
+                    reason_str = reason_bytes.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+                    msg = "%d %s" % (connect_response.status, reason_str)
+                    self._connection.close()
+                    raise ProxyError(msg)
+
+                stream = connect_response.extensions["network_stream"]
+
+                # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                ssl_context = (
+                    default_ssl_context()
+                    if self._ssl_context is None
+                    else self._ssl_context
+                )
+                alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                    "server_hostname": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                    "timeout": timeout,
+                }
+                with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                    stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                    trace.return_value = stream
+
+                # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                http2_negotiated = (
+                    ssl_object is not None
+                    and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                )
+
+                # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                if http2_negotiated or (self._http2 and not self._http1):
+                    from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                    self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                        origin=self._remote_origin,
+                        stream=stream,
+                        keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                    )
+
+                self._connected = True
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._connection.close()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e673d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/interfaces.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+from .._models import (
+    URL,
+    Extensions,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    Origin,
+    Request,
+    Response,
+    enforce_bytes,
+    enforce_headers,
+    enforce_url,
+    include_request_headers,
+)
+
+
+class RequestInterface:
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.handle_request(request)
+        try:
+            response.read()
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+        return response
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def stream(
+        self,
+        method: bytes | str,
+        url: URL | bytes | str,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes = None,
+        content: bytes | typing.Iterator[bytes] | None = None,
+        extensions: Extensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+        # Strict type checking on our parameters.
+        method = enforce_bytes(method, name="method")
+        url = enforce_url(url, name="url")
+        headers = enforce_headers(headers, name="headers")
+
+        # Include Host header, and optionally Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding.
+        headers = include_request_headers(headers, url=url, content=content)
+
+        request = Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            content=content,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.handle_request(request)
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class ConnectionInterface(RequestInterface):
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently able to accept an
+        outgoing request.
+
+        An HTTP/1.1 connection will only be available if it is currently idle.
+
+        An HTTP/2 connection will be available so long as the stream ID space is
+        not yet exhausted, and the connection is not in an error state.
+
+        While the connection is being established we may not yet know if it is going
+        to result in an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection. The connection should be
+        treated as being available, but might ultimately raise `NewConnectionRequired`
+        required exceptions if multiple requests are attempted over a connection
+        that ends up being established as HTTP/1.1.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is in a state where it should be closed.
+
+        This either means that the connection is idle and it has passed the
+        expiry time on its keep-alive, or that server has sent an EOF.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection is currently idle.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` if the connection has been closed.
+
+        Used when a response is closed to determine if the connection may be
+        returned to the connection pool or not.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ca96dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_sync/socks_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+
+import socksio
+
+from .._backends.sync import SyncBackend
+from .._backends.base import NetworkBackend, NetworkStream
+from .._exceptions import ConnectionNotAvailable, ProxyError
+from .._models import URL, Origin, Request, Response, enforce_bytes, enforce_url
+from .._ssl import default_ssl_context
+from .._synchronization import Lock
+from .._trace import Trace
+from .connection_pool import ConnectionPool
+from .http11 import HTTP11Connection
+from .interfaces import ConnectionInterface
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpcore.socks")
+
+
+AUTH_METHODS = {
+    b"\x00": "NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED",
+    b"\x01": "GSSAPI",
+    b"\x02": "USERNAME/PASSWORD",
+    b"\xff": "NO ACCEPTABLE METHODS",
+}
+
+REPLY_CODES = {
+    b"\x00": "Succeeded",
+    b"\x01": "General SOCKS server failure",
+    b"\x02": "Connection not allowed by ruleset",
+    b"\x03": "Network unreachable",
+    b"\x04": "Host unreachable",
+    b"\x05": "Connection refused",
+    b"\x06": "TTL expired",
+    b"\x07": "Command not supported",
+    b"\x08": "Address type not supported",
+}
+
+
+def _init_socks5_connection(
+    stream: NetworkStream,
+    *,
+    host: bytes,
+    port: int,
+    auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    conn = socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Connection()
+
+    # Auth method request
+    auth_method = (
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.NO_AUTH_REQUIRED
+        if auth is None
+        else socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD
+    )
+    conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethodsRequest([auth_method]))
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Auth method response
+    incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthReply)
+    if response.method != auth_method:
+        requested = AUTH_METHODS.get(auth_method, "UNKNOWN")
+        responded = AUTH_METHODS.get(response.method, "UNKNOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(
+            f"Requested {requested} from proxy server, but got {responded}."
+        )
+
+    if response.method == socksio.socks5.SOCKS5AuthMethod.USERNAME_PASSWORD:
+        # Username/password request
+        assert auth is not None
+        username, password = auth
+        conn.send(socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordRequest(username, password))
+        outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+        stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+        # Username/password response
+        incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+        response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+        assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5UsernamePasswordReply)
+        if not response.success:
+            raise ProxyError("Invalid username/password")
+
+    # Connect request
+    conn.send(
+        socksio.socks5.SOCKS5CommandRequest.from_address(
+            socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Command.CONNECT, (host, port)
+        )
+    )
+    outgoing_bytes = conn.data_to_send()
+    stream.write(outgoing_bytes)
+
+    # Connect response
+    incoming_bytes = stream.read(max_bytes=4096)
+    response = conn.receive_data(incoming_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(response, socksio.socks5.SOCKS5Reply)
+    if response.reply_code != socksio.socks5.SOCKS5ReplyCode.SUCCEEDED:
+        reply_code = REPLY_CODES.get(response.reply_code, "UNKOWN")
+        raise ProxyError(f"Proxy Server could not connect: {reply_code}.")
+
+
+class SOCKSProxy(ConnectionPool):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    A connection pool that sends requests via an HTTP proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url: URL | bytes | str,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        max_connections: int | None = 10,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A connection pool for making HTTP requests.
+
+        Parameters:
+            proxy_url: The URL to use when connecting to the proxy server.
+                For example `"http://127.0.0.1:8080/"`.
+            ssl_context: An SSL context to use for verifying connections.
+                If not specified, the default `httpcore.default_ssl_context()`
+                will be used.
+            max_connections: The maximum number of concurrent HTTP connections that
+                the pool should allow. Any attempt to send a request on a pool that
+                would exceed this amount will block until a connection is available.
+            max_keepalive_connections: The maximum number of idle HTTP connections
+                that will be maintained in the pool.
+            keepalive_expiry: The duration in seconds that an idle HTTP connection
+                may be maintained for before being expired from the pool.
+            http1: A boolean indicating if HTTP/1.1 requests should be supported
+                by the connection pool. Defaults to True.
+            http2: A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 requests should be supported by
+                the connection pool. Defaults to False.
+            retries: The maximum number of retries when trying to establish
+                a connection.
+            local_address: Local address to connect from. Can also be used to
+                connect using a particular address family. Using
+                `local_address="0.0.0.0"` will connect using an `AF_INET` address
+                (IPv4), while using `local_address="::"` will connect using an
+                `AF_INET6` address (IPv6).
+            uds: Path to a Unix Domain Socket to use instead of TCP sockets.
+            network_backend: A backend instance to use for handling network I/O.
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            max_connections=max_connections,
+            max_keepalive_connections=max_keepalive_connections,
+            keepalive_expiry=keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            network_backend=network_backend,
+            retries=retries,
+        )
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._proxy_url = enforce_url(proxy_url, name="proxy_url")
+        if proxy_auth is not None:
+            username, password = proxy_auth
+            username_bytes = enforce_bytes(username, name="proxy_auth")
+            password_bytes = enforce_bytes(password, name="proxy_auth")
+            self._proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = (
+                username_bytes,
+                password_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            self._proxy_auth = None
+
+    def create_connection(self, origin: Origin) -> ConnectionInterface:
+        return Socks5Connection(
+            proxy_origin=self._proxy_url.origin,
+            remote_origin=origin,
+            proxy_auth=self._proxy_auth,
+            ssl_context=self._ssl_context,
+            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+            http1=self._http1,
+            http2=self._http2,
+            network_backend=self._network_backend,
+        )
+
+
+class Socks5Connection(ConnectionInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_origin: Origin,
+        remote_origin: Origin,
+        proxy_auth: tuple[bytes, bytes] | None = None,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        network_backend: NetworkBackend | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._proxy_origin = proxy_origin
+        self._remote_origin = remote_origin
+        self._proxy_auth = proxy_auth
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self._keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+        self._http1 = http1
+        self._http2 = http2
+
+        self._network_backend: NetworkBackend = (
+            SyncBackend() if network_backend is None else network_backend
+        )
+        self._connect_lock = Lock()
+        self._connection: ConnectionInterface | None = None
+        self._connect_failed = False
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        timeouts = request.extensions.get("timeout", {})
+        sni_hostname = request.extensions.get("sni_hostname", None)
+        timeout = timeouts.get("connect", None)
+
+        with self._connect_lock:
+            if self._connection is None:
+                try:
+                    # Connect to the proxy
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "host": self._proxy_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._proxy_origin.port,
+                        "timeout": timeout,
+                    }
+                    with Trace("connect_tcp", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                        stream = self._network_backend.connect_tcp(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Connect to the remote host using socks5
+                    kwargs = {
+                        "stream": stream,
+                        "host": self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                        "port": self._remote_origin.port,
+                        "auth": self._proxy_auth,
+                    }
+                    with Trace(
+                        "setup_socks5_connection", logger, request, kwargs
+                    ) as trace:
+                        _init_socks5_connection(**kwargs)
+                        trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Upgrade the stream to SSL
+                    if self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https":
+                        ssl_context = (
+                            default_ssl_context()
+                            if self._ssl_context is None
+                            else self._ssl_context
+                        )
+                        alpn_protocols = (
+                            ["http/1.1", "h2"] if self._http2 else ["http/1.1"]
+                        )
+                        ssl_context.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+                        kwargs = {
+                            "ssl_context": ssl_context,
+                            "server_hostname": sni_hostname
+                            or self._remote_origin.host.decode("ascii"),
+                            "timeout": timeout,
+                        }
+                        with Trace("start_tls", logger, request, kwargs) as trace:
+                            stream = stream.start_tls(**kwargs)
+                            trace.return_value = stream
+
+                    # Determine if we should be using HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2
+                    ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+                    http2_negotiated = (
+                        ssl_object is not None
+                        and ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol() == "h2"
+                    )
+
+                    # Create the HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection
+                    if http2_negotiated or (
+                        self._http2 and not self._http1
+                    ):  # pragma: nocover
+                        from .http2 import HTTP2Connection
+
+                        self._connection = HTTP2Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self._connection = HTTP11Connection(
+                            origin=self._remote_origin,
+                            stream=stream,
+                            keepalive_expiry=self._keepalive_expiry,
+                        )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self._connect_failed = True
+                    raise exc
+            elif not self._connection.is_available():  # pragma: nocover
+                raise ConnectionNotAvailable()
+
+        return self._connection.handle_request(request)
+
+    def can_handle_request(self, origin: Origin) -> bool:
+        return origin == self._remote_origin
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._connection is not None:
+            self._connection.close()
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            # If HTTP/2 support is enabled, and the resulting connection could
+            # end up as HTTP/2 then we should indicate the connection as being
+            # available to service multiple requests.
+            return (
+                self._http2
+                and (self._remote_origin.scheme == b"https" or not self._http1)
+                and not self._connect_failed
+            )
+        return self._connection.is_available()
+
+    def has_expired(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.has_expired()
+
+    def is_idle(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_idle()
+
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return self._connect_failed
+        return self._connection.is_closed()
+
+    def info(self) -> str:
+        if self._connection is None:  # pragma: nocover
+            return "CONNECTION FAILED" if self._connect_failed else "CONNECTING"
+        return self._connection.info()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.info()}]>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_synchronization.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ecc9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import threading
+import types
+
+from ._exceptions import ExceptionMapping, PoolTimeout, map_exceptions
+
+# Our async synchronization primatives use either 'anyio' or 'trio' depending
+# on if they're running under asyncio or trio.
+
+try:
+    import trio
+except (ImportError, NotImplementedError):  # pragma: nocover
+    trio = None  # type: ignore
+
+try:
+    import anyio
+except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+    anyio = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+def current_async_library() -> str:
+    # Determine if we're running under trio or asyncio.
+    # See https://sniffio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+    try:
+        import sniffio
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+        environment = "asyncio"
+    else:
+        environment = sniffio.current_async_library()
+
+    if environment not in ("asyncio", "trio"):  # pragma: nocover
+        raise RuntimeError("Running under an unsupported async environment.")
+
+    if environment == "asyncio" and anyio is None:  # pragma: nocover
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Running with asyncio requires installation of 'httpcore[asyncio]'."
+        )
+
+    if environment == "trio" and trio is None:  # pragma: nocover
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Running with trio requires installation of 'httpcore[trio]'."
+        )
+
+    return environment
+
+
+class AsyncLock:
+    """
+    This is a standard lock.
+
+    In the sync case `Lock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncLock` provides async locking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._backend = ""
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a lock with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_lock = trio.Lock()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_lock = anyio.Lock()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> AsyncLock:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            await self._trio_lock.acquire()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            await self._anyio_lock.acquire()
+
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_lock.release()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_lock.release()
+
+
+class AsyncThreadLock:
+    """
+    This is a threading-only lock for no-I/O contexts.
+
+    In the sync case `ThreadLock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncThreadLock` is a no-op.
+    """
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> AsyncThreadLock:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncEvent:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._backend = ""
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a lock with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_event = trio.Event()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_event = anyio.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_event.set()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_event.set()
+
+    async def wait(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            trio_exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {trio.TooSlowError: PoolTimeout}
+            timeout_or_inf = float("inf") if timeout is None else timeout
+            with map_exceptions(trio_exc_map):
+                with trio.fail_after(timeout_or_inf):
+                    await self._trio_event.wait()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            anyio_exc_map: ExceptionMapping = {TimeoutError: PoolTimeout}
+            with map_exceptions(anyio_exc_map):
+                with anyio.fail_after(timeout):
+                    await self._anyio_event.wait()
+
+
+class AsyncSemaphore:
+    def __init__(self, bound: int) -> None:
+        self._bound = bound
+        self._backend = ""
+
+    def setup(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a semaphore with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_semaphore = trio.Semaphore(
+                initial_value=self._bound, max_value=self._bound
+            )
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_semaphore = anyio.Semaphore(
+                initial_value=self._bound, max_value=self._bound
+            )
+
+    async def acquire(self) -> None:
+        if not self._backend:
+            self.setup()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            await self._trio_semaphore.acquire()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            await self._anyio_semaphore.acquire()
+
+    async def release(self) -> None:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_semaphore.release()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_semaphore.release()
+
+
+class AsyncShieldCancellation:
+    # For certain portions of our codebase where we're dealing with
+    # closing connections during exception handling we want to shield
+    # the operation from being cancelled.
+    #
+    # with AsyncShieldCancellation():
+    #     ... # clean-up operations, shielded from cancellation.
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Detect if we're running under 'asyncio' or 'trio' and create
+        a shielded scope with the correct implementation.
+        """
+        self._backend = current_async_library()
+
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_shield = trio.CancelScope(shield=True)
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_shield = anyio.CancelScope(shield=True)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> AsyncShieldCancellation:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_shield.__enter__()
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_shield.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._backend == "trio":
+            self._trio_shield.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        elif self._backend == "asyncio":
+            self._anyio_shield.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+# Our thread-based synchronization primitives...
+
+
+class Lock:
+    """
+    This is a standard lock.
+
+    In the sync case `Lock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncLock` provides async locking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Lock:
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+
+class ThreadLock:
+    """
+    This is a threading-only lock for no-I/O contexts.
+
+    In the sync case `ThreadLock` provides thread locking.
+    In the async case `AsyncThreadLock` is a no-op.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> ThreadLock:
+        self._lock.acquire()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._lock.release()
+
+
+class Event:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._event = threading.Event()
+
+    def set(self) -> None:
+        self._event.set()
+
+    def wait(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> None:
+        if timeout == float("inf"):  # pragma: no cover
+            timeout = None
+        if not self._event.wait(timeout=timeout):
+            raise PoolTimeout()  # pragma: nocover
+
+
+class Semaphore:
+    def __init__(self, bound: int) -> None:
+        self._semaphore = threading.Semaphore(value=bound)
+
+    def acquire(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.acquire()
+
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        self._semaphore.release()
+
+
+class ShieldCancellation:
+    # Thread-synchronous codebases don't support cancellation semantics.
+    # We have this class because we need to mirror the async and sync
+    # cases within our package, but it's just a no-op.
+    def __enter__(self) -> ShieldCancellation:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_trace.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_trace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1cd7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_trace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+import types
+import typing
+
+from ._models import Request
+
+
+class Trace:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        logger: logging.Logger,
+        request: Request | None = None,
+        kwargs: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.trace_extension = (
+            None if request is None else request.extensions.get("trace")
+        )
+        self.debug = self.logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+        self.kwargs = kwargs or {}
+        self.return_value: typing.Any = None
+        self.should_trace = self.debug or self.trace_extension is not None
+        self.prefix = self.logger.name.split(".")[-1]
+
+    def trace(self, name: str, info: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        if self.trace_extension is not None:
+            prefix_and_name = f"{self.prefix}.{name}"
+            ret = self.trace_extension(prefix_and_name, info)
+            if inspect.iscoroutine(ret):  # pragma: no cover
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "If you are using a synchronous interface, "
+                    "the callback of the `trace` extension should "
+                    "be a normal function instead of an asynchronous function."
+                )
+
+        if self.debug:
+            if not info or "return_value" in info and info["return_value"] is None:
+                message = name
+            else:
+                args = " ".join([f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in info.items()])
+                message = f"{name} {args}"
+            self.logger.debug(message)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Trace:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            info = self.kwargs
+            self.trace(f"{self.name}.started", info)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            if exc_value is None:
+                info = {"return_value": self.return_value}
+                self.trace(f"{self.name}.complete", info)
+            else:
+                info = {"exception": exc_value}
+                self.trace(f"{self.name}.failed", info)
+
+    async def atrace(self, name: str, info: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        if self.trace_extension is not None:
+            prefix_and_name = f"{self.prefix}.{name}"
+            coro = self.trace_extension(prefix_and_name, info)
+            if not inspect.iscoroutine(coro):  # pragma: no cover
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "If you're using an asynchronous interface, "
+                    "the callback of the `trace` extension should "
+                    "be an asynchronous function rather than a normal function."
+                )
+            await coro
+
+        if self.debug:
+            if not info or "return_value" in info and info["return_value"] is None:
+                message = name
+            else:
+                args = " ".join([f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in info.items()])
+                message = f"{name} {args}"
+            self.logger.debug(message)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Trace:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            info = self.kwargs
+            await self.atrace(f"{self.name}.started", info)
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if self.should_trace:
+            if exc_value is None:
+                info = {"return_value": self.return_value}
+                await self.atrace(f"{self.name}.complete", info)
+            else:
+                info = {"exception": exc_value}
+                await self.atrace(f"{self.name}.failed", info)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c44ff93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import select
+import socket
+import sys
+
+
+def is_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket | None) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether a socket, as identifed by its file descriptor, is readable.
+    "A socket is readable" means that the read buffer isn't empty, i.e. that calling
+    .recv() on it would immediately return some data.
+    """
+    # NOTE: we want check for readability without actually attempting to read, because
+    # we don't want to block forever if it's not readable.
+
+    # In the case that the socket no longer exists, or cannot return a file
+    # descriptor, we treat it as being readable, as if it the next read operation
+    # on it is ready to return the terminating `b""`.
+    sock_fd = None if sock is None else sock.fileno()
+    if sock_fd is None or sock_fd < 0:  # pragma: nocover
+        return True
+
+    # The implementation below was stolen from:
+    # https://github.com/python-trio/trio/blob/20ee2b1b7376db637435d80e266212a35837ddcc/trio/_socket.py#L471-L478
+    # See also: https://github.com/encode/httpcore/pull/193#issuecomment-703129316
+
+    # Use select.select on Windows, and when poll is unavailable and select.poll
+    # everywhere else. (E.g. When eventlet is in use. See #327)
+    if (
+        sys.platform == "win32" or getattr(select, "poll", None) is None
+    ):  # pragma: nocover
+        rready, _, _ = select.select([sock_fd], [], [], 0)
+        return bool(rready)
+    p = select.poll()
+    p.register(sock_fd, select.POLLIN)
+    return bool(p.poll(0))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpcore/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a74ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: httptools
+Version: 0.8.0
+Summary: A collection of framework independent HTTP protocol utils.
+Author-email: Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/MagicStack/httptools
+Platform: macOS
+Platform: POSIX
+Platform: Windows
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT
+License-File: vendor/llhttp/LICENSE
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: platform
+
+![Tests](https://github.com/MagicStack/httptools/workflows/Tests/badge.svg)
+
+httptools is a Python binding for the nodejs HTTP parser.
+
+The package is available on PyPI: `pip install httptools`.
+
+
+# APIs
+
+httptools contains two classes `httptools.HttpRequestParser`,
+`httptools.HttpResponseParser` (fulfilled through
+[llhttp](https://github.com/nodejs/llhttp)) and a function for
+parsing URLs `httptools.parse_url` (through
+[http-parse](https://github.com/nodejs/http-parser) for now).
+See unittests for examples.
+
+
+```python
+
+class HttpRequestParser:
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        """HttpRequestParser
+
+        protocol -- a Python object with the following methods
+        (all optional):
+
+          - on_message_begin()
+          - on_url(url: bytes)
+          - on_header(name: bytes, value: bytes)
+          - on_headers_complete()
+          - on_body(body: bytes)
+          - on_message_complete()
+          - on_chunk_header()
+          - on_chunk_complete()
+          - on_status(status: bytes)
+        """
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        """Return an HTTP protocol version."""
+
+    def should_keep_alive(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if keep-alive mode is preferred."""
+
+    def should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        """Return ``True`` if the parsed request is a valid Upgrade request.
+	The method exposes a flag set just before on_headers_complete.
+	Calling this method earlier will only yield `False`.
+	"""
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: bytes):
+        """Feed data to the parser.
+
+        Will eventually trigger callbacks on the ``protocol``
+        object.
+
+        On HTTP upgrade, this method will raise an
+        ``HttpParserUpgrade`` exception, with its sole argument
+        set to the offset of the non-HTTP data in ``data``.
+        """
+
+    def get_method(self) -> bytes:
+        """Return HTTP request method (GET, HEAD, etc)"""
+
+
+class HttpResponseParser:
+
+    """Has all methods except ``get_method()`` that
+    HttpRequestParser has."""
+
+    def get_status_code(self) -> int:
+        """Return the status code of the HTTP response"""
+
+
+def parse_url(url: bytes):
+    """Parse URL strings into a structured Python object.
+
+    Returns an instance of ``httptools.URL`` class with the
+    following attributes:
+
+      - schema: bytes
+      - host: bytes
+      - port: int
+      - path: bytes
+      - query: bytes
+      - fragment: bytes
+      - userinfo: bytes
+    """
+```
+
+
+# Development
+
+1. Clone this repository with
+   `git clone --recursive git@github.com:MagicStack/httptools.git`
+
+2. Create a virtual environment with Python 3:
+   `python3 -m venv envname`
+
+3. Activate the environment with `source envname/bin/activate`
+
+4. Run `make` and `make test`.
+
+
+# License
+
+MIT.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b1562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=e1wCMVgLWJ53IbER83MkJ28qWFvC0nrt1nKX4Mm0vag,3532
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=jnfgtOKpZgXQY_8bPb3ofgKXDQaHNqKyWvxmOqbQjJY,186
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=9Fc-fLdnZ0X7W402-lSKqT45HPtoct2s1lEwxF6mqS0,1093
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT,sha256=eea6i2h8tUeGIHNCubb87grBAhhFPtkAm4TZSbIjPMA,1077
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE,sha256=YoFo1ou1qKF-C777O9dOMm4e3CBYPXb1L0V8gskhhn0,1069
+httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=APjJKTbZcj0OQ4fdgf2eTCk82nK1n2BFXOD7ky41MPY,10
+httptools/__init__.py,sha256=5FrvIRB4KWQy9MO7fXTzhFIBVQ_geDUAcP9hB94MHRY,724
+httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/_version.py,sha256=jz9ncH6Q_1sypkwuNRFyIyKs9DNz63aK9VTDq7TYxe8,575
+httptools/parser/__init__.py,sha256=ikrHsTTc_H41IFyhPUgfHYRuDogVjV5nsopNTCOGKOY,676
+httptools/parser/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/parser/__pycache__/errors.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/parser/__pycache__/protocol.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httptools/parser/cparser.pxd,sha256=4qBxnma83Vz86Z9sOZRxjqYj20A-aLSWVGXZgTVLJqE,4977
+httptools/parser/errors.py,sha256=ZVrtN1smPIb_opQ2Ud3uCbGlNLMlECYM2-6S7r5LnHs,566
+httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=WYYefImjltt6bYpwBj90yq8u97lP6Xev448VOymrqI8,1262976
+httptools/parser/parser.pyi,sha256=crxDQJZEXeHzy6Qwn210KO57Dzrvhn9RYuMqn8wJYLo,2157
+httptools/parser/parser.pyx,sha256=x0BUY9EzHNKCDaw-U8bkZ1MaKGtrOQ8iVCm1IuOtEQI,15140
+httptools/parser/protocol.py,sha256=iHq_x2zO8L_jx0-qiVIopwz2GUZUeB4_PLPzE2kWdzY,586
+httptools/parser/python.pxd,sha256=zWCdGZh34fyQNt3BUHIUjPqY8a5sodRUkfdABxqYHgQ,138
+httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd,sha256=X5dDI8A7T0l5HL_Czt0mTs0l_d2lXnUDHx1TN8LeiCM,779
+httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=N4BX8GIpfVCLrAbA-XIXXRpzHxWvbdmezw535tZsOyw,496168
+httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi,sha256=P8tHf5tD3HYzV9eBvT1UrPpTNyE57sKG1hMFCd0g1Sc,292
+httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx,sha256=7n2ElLbWFM2ceVA8w0pVo5JgtnkL2xo2OqIRe_ngIMg,4235
+httptools/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81d8bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux1_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79a03ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 MagicStack Inc.  http://magic.io
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ec0ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/http-parser/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE. 
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23682c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/licenses/vendor/llhttp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright © 2018 Fedor Indutny
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bef3b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools-0.8.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+httptools
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b7b327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from . import parser
+from .parser import (
+    HTTPProtocol,
+    HttpRequestParser,
+    HttpResponseParser,
+    HttpParserError,
+    HttpParserCallbackError,
+    HttpParserInvalidStatusError,
+    HttpParserInvalidMethodError,
+    HttpParserInvalidURLError,
+    HttpParserUpgrade,
+    parse_url,
+)
+
+from ._version import __version__
+
+__all__ = (
+    "parser",
+    # protocol
+    "HTTPProtocol",
+    # parser
+    "HttpRequestParser",
+    "HttpResponseParser",
+    # errors
+    "HttpParserError",
+    "HttpParserCallbackError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidStatusError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidMethodError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidURLError",
+    "HttpParserUpgrade",
+    # url parser
+    "parse_url",
+    # version
+    "__version__",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882fb66
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81bb85f
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/__pycache__/_version.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/_version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8b0ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file MUST NOT contain anything but the __version__ assignment.
+#
+# When making a release, change the value of __version__
+# to an appropriate value, and open a pull request against
+# the correct branch (master if making a new feature release).
+# The commit message MUST contain a properly formatted release
+# log, and the commit must be signed.
+#
+# The release automation will: build and test the packages for the
+# supported platforms, publish the packages on PyPI, merge the PR
+# to the target branch, create a Git tag pointing to the commit.
+
+__version__ = '0.8.0'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f57517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from .protocol import HTTPProtocol
+from .parser import HttpRequestParser, HttpResponseParser  # NoQA
+from .errors import (
+    HttpParserError,
+    HttpParserCallbackError,
+    HttpParserInvalidStatusError,
+    HttpParserInvalidMethodError,
+    HttpParserInvalidURLError,
+    HttpParserUpgrade,
+)
+from .url_parser import parse_url
+
+__all__ = (
+    # protocol
+    "HTTPProtocol",
+    # parser
+    "HttpRequestParser",
+    "HttpResponseParser",
+    # errors
+    "HttpParserError",
+    "HttpParserCallbackError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidStatusError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidMethodError",
+    "HttpParserInvalidURLError",
+    "HttpParserUpgrade",
+    # url_parser
+    "parse_url",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..07cf10c
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/cparser.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/cparser.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3281864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/cparser.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport int32_t, uint8_t, uint16_t, uint64_t
+
+
+cdef extern from "llhttp.h":
+    struct llhttp__internal_s:
+        int32_t _index
+        void *_span_pos0
+        void *_span_cb0
+        int32_t error
+        const char *reason
+        const char *error_pos
+        void *data
+        void *_current
+        uint64_t content_length
+        uint8_t type
+        uint8_t method
+        uint8_t http_major
+        uint8_t http_minor
+        uint8_t header_state
+        uint16_t flags
+        uint8_t upgrade
+        uint16_t status_code
+        uint8_t finish
+        void *settings
+    ctypedef llhttp__internal_s llhttp__internal_t
+    ctypedef llhttp__internal_t llhttp_t
+
+    ctypedef int (*llhttp_data_cb) (llhttp_t*,
+                                  const char *at,
+                                  size_t length) except -1
+
+    ctypedef int (*llhttp_cb) (llhttp_t*) except -1
+
+    struct llhttp_settings_s:
+        llhttp_cb      on_message_begin
+        llhttp_data_cb on_url
+        llhttp_data_cb on_status
+        llhttp_data_cb on_header_field
+        llhttp_data_cb on_header_value
+        llhttp_cb      on_headers_complete
+        llhttp_data_cb on_body
+        llhttp_cb      on_message_complete
+        llhttp_cb      on_chunk_header
+        llhttp_cb      on_chunk_complete
+    ctypedef llhttp_settings_s llhttp_settings_t
+
+    enum llhttp_type:
+        HTTP_BOTH,
+        HTTP_REQUEST,
+        HTTP_RESPONSE
+    ctypedef llhttp_type llhttp_type_t
+
+    enum llhttp_errno:
+        HPE_OK,
+        HPE_INTERNAL,
+        HPE_STRICT,
+        HPE_LF_EXPECTED,
+        HPE_UNEXPECTED_CONTENT_LENGTH,
+        HPE_CLOSED_CONNECTION,
+        HPE_INVALID_METHOD,
+        HPE_INVALID_URL,
+        HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT,
+        HPE_INVALID_VERSION,
+        HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN,
+        HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH,
+        HPE_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE,
+        HPE_INVALID_STATUS,
+        HPE_INVALID_EOF_STATE,
+        HPE_INVALID_TRANSFER_ENCODING,
+        HPE_CB_MESSAGE_BEGIN,
+        HPE_CB_HEADERS_COMPLETE,
+        HPE_CB_MESSAGE_COMPLETE,
+        HPE_CB_CHUNK_HEADER,
+        HPE_CB_CHUNK_COMPLETE,
+        HPE_PAUSED,
+        HPE_PAUSED_UPGRADE,
+        HPE_USER
+    ctypedef llhttp_errno llhttp_errno_t
+
+    enum llhttp_flags:
+        F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE,
+        F_CONNECTION_CLOSE,
+        F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE,
+        F_CHUNKED,
+        F_UPGRADE,
+        F_CONTENT_LENGTH,
+        F_SKIPBODY,
+        F_TRAILING,
+        F_LENIENT,
+        F_TRANSFER_ENCODING
+    ctypedef llhttp_flags llhttp_flags_t
+
+    enum llhttp_method:
+        HTTP_DELETE,
+        HTTP_GET,
+        HTTP_HEAD,
+        HTTP_POST,
+        HTTP_PUT,
+        HTTP_CONNECT,
+        HTTP_OPTIONS,
+        HTTP_TRACE,
+        HTTP_COPY,
+        HTTP_LOCK,
+        HTTP_MKCOL,
+        HTTP_MOVE,
+        HTTP_PROPFIND,
+        HTTP_PROPPATCH,
+        HTTP_SEARCH,
+        HTTP_UNLOCK,
+        HTTP_BIND,
+        HTTP_REBIND,
+        HTTP_UNBIND,
+        HTTP_ACL,
+        HTTP_REPORT,
+        HTTP_MKACTIVITY,
+        HTTP_CHECKOUT,
+        HTTP_MERGE,
+        HTTP_MSEARCH,
+        HTTP_NOTIFY,
+        HTTP_SUBSCRIBE,
+        HTTP_UNSUBSCRIBE,
+        HTTP_PATCH,
+        HTTP_PURGE,
+        HTTP_MKCALENDAR,
+        HTTP_LINK,
+        HTTP_UNLINK,
+        HTTP_SOURCE,
+        HTTP_PRI,
+        HTTP_DESCRIBE,
+        HTTP_ANNOUNCE,
+        HTTP_SETUP,
+        HTTP_PLAY,
+        HTTP_PAUSE,
+        HTTP_TEARDOWN,
+        HTTP_GET_PARAMETER,
+        HTTP_SET_PARAMETER,
+        HTTP_REDIRECT,
+        HTTP_RECORD,
+        HTTP_FLUSH
+    ctypedef llhttp_method llhttp_method_t
+
+    void llhttp_init(llhttp_t* parser, llhttp_type_t type, const llhttp_settings_t* settings)
+
+    void llhttp_settings_init(llhttp_settings_t* settings)
+
+    llhttp_errno_t llhttp_execute(llhttp_t* parser, const char* data, size_t len)
+
+    void llhttp_resume_after_upgrade(llhttp_t* parser)
+
+    int llhttp_should_keep_alive(const llhttp_t* parser)
+
+    const char* llhttp_get_error_pos(const llhttp_t* parser)
+    const char* llhttp_get_error_reason(const llhttp_t* parser)
+    const char* llhttp_method_name(llhttp_method_t method)
+
+    void llhttp_set_error_reason(llhttp_t* parser, const char* reason);
+
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_headers(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_chunked_length(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_keep_alive(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_transfer_encoding(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_version(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_data_after_close(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_optional_lf_after_cr(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_optional_cr_before_lf(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
+    void llhttp_set_lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size(llhttp_t* parser, bint enabled);
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc24c46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+__all__ = ('HttpParserError',
+           'HttpParserCallbackError',
+           'HttpParserInvalidStatusError',
+           'HttpParserInvalidMethodError',
+           'HttpParserInvalidURLError',
+           'HttpParserUpgrade')
+
+
+class HttpParserError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserCallbackError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserInvalidStatusError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserInvalidMethodError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserInvalidURLError(HttpParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+class HttpParserUpgrade(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..89597ee
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8afd006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from array import array
+from .protocol import HTTPProtocol
+
+class HttpParser:
+    def __init__(self, protocol: HTTPProtocol | object) -> None:
+        """The HTTP parser.
+
+        Args:
+            protocol (HTTPProtocol): Callback interface for the parser.
+        """
+
+    def set_dangerous_leniencies(
+        self,
+        lenient_headers: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_chunked_length: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_keep_alive: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_transfer_encoding: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_version: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_data_after_close: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_optional_lf_after_cr: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_optional_cr_before_lf: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk: bool | None = None,
+        lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set dangerous leniencies for the parser."""
+
+    def get_http_version(self) -> str:
+        """Retrieve the HTTP protocol version e.g. "1.1"."""
+
+    def should_keep_alive(self) -> bool:
+        """Return `True` if keep-alive mode is preferred."""
+
+    def should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        """Return `True` if the parsed request is a valid Upgrade request.
+        The method exposes a flag set just before on_headers_complete.
+        Calling this method earlier will only yield `False`."""
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: bytes | bytearray | memoryview | array[int]) -> None:
+        """Feed data to the parser.
+
+        Will eventually trigger callbacks on the ``protocol`` object.
+
+        On HTTP upgrade, this method will raise an
+        ``HttpParserUpgrade`` exception, with its sole argument
+        set to the offset of the non-HTTP data in ``data``.
+        """
+
+class HttpRequestParser(HttpParser):
+    """Used for parsing http requests from the server side."""
+
+    def get_method(self) -> bytes:
+        """Retrieve the HTTP method of the request."""
+
+class HttpResponseParser(HttpParser):
+    """Used for parsing http responses from the client side."""
+
+    def get_status_code(self) -> int:
+        """Retrieve the status code of the HTTP response."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fa5026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/parser.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+#cython: language_level=3
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+from typing import Optional
+
+from cpython.mem cimport PyMem_Malloc, PyMem_Free
+from cpython cimport PyObject_GetBuffer, PyBuffer_Release, PyBUF_SIMPLE, \
+                     Py_buffer, PyBytes_AsString
+
+from .python cimport PyMemoryView_Check, PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER
+
+
+from .errors import (HttpParserError,
+                     HttpParserCallbackError,
+                     HttpParserInvalidStatusError,
+                     HttpParserInvalidMethodError,
+                     HttpParserInvalidURLError,
+                     HttpParserUpgrade)
+
+cimport cython
+from . cimport cparser
+
+
+__all__ = ('HttpRequestParser', 'HttpResponseParser')
+
+
+@cython.internal
+cdef class HttpParser:
+
+    cdef:
+        cparser.llhttp_t* _cparser
+        cparser.llhttp_settings_t* _csettings
+
+        bytes _current_header_name
+        bytes _current_header_value
+
+        _proto_on_url, _proto_on_status, _proto_on_body, \
+        _proto_on_header, _proto_on_headers_complete, \
+        _proto_on_message_complete, _proto_on_chunk_header, \
+        _proto_on_chunk_complete, _proto_on_message_begin
+
+        object _last_error
+
+        Py_buffer py_buf
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._cparser = <cparser.llhttp_t*> \
+                                PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(cparser.llhttp_t))
+        if self._cparser is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        self._csettings = <cparser.llhttp_settings_t*> \
+                                PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(cparser.llhttp_settings_t))
+        if self._csettings is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        PyMem_Free(self._cparser)
+        PyMem_Free(self._csettings)
+
+    cdef _init(self, protocol, cparser.llhttp_type_t mode):
+        cparser.llhttp_settings_init(self._csettings)
+
+        cparser.llhttp_init(self._cparser, mode, self._csettings)
+        self._cparser.data = <void*>self
+
+        self._current_header_name = None
+        self._current_header_value = None
+
+        self._proto_on_header = getattr(protocol, 'on_header', None)
+        if self._proto_on_header is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_header_field = cb_on_header_field
+            self._csettings.on_header_value = cb_on_header_value
+        self._proto_on_headers_complete = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_headers_complete', None)
+        self._csettings.on_headers_complete = cb_on_headers_complete
+
+        self._proto_on_body = getattr(protocol, 'on_body', None)
+        if self._proto_on_body is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_body = cb_on_body
+
+        self._proto_on_message_begin = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_message_begin', None)
+        if self._proto_on_message_begin is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_message_begin = cb_on_message_begin
+
+        self._proto_on_message_complete = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_message_complete', None)
+        if self._proto_on_message_complete is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_message_complete = cb_on_message_complete
+
+        self._proto_on_chunk_header = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_chunk_header', None)
+        self._csettings.on_chunk_header = cb_on_chunk_header
+
+        self._proto_on_chunk_complete = getattr(
+            protocol, 'on_chunk_complete', None)
+        self._csettings.on_chunk_complete = cb_on_chunk_complete
+
+        self._last_error = None
+
+    cdef _maybe_call_on_header(self):
+        if self._current_header_value is not None:
+            current_header_name = self._current_header_name
+            current_header_value = self._current_header_value
+
+            self._current_header_name = self._current_header_value = None
+
+            if self._proto_on_header is not None:
+                self._proto_on_header(current_header_name,
+                                      current_header_value)
+
+    cdef _on_header_field(self, bytes field):
+        self._maybe_call_on_header()
+        if self._current_header_name is None:
+            self._current_header_name = field
+        else:
+            self._current_header_name += field
+
+    cdef _on_header_value(self, bytes val):
+        if self._current_header_value is None:
+            self._current_header_value = val
+        else:
+            # This is unlikely, as mostly HTTP headers are one-line
+            self._current_header_value += val
+
+    cdef _on_headers_complete(self):
+        self._maybe_call_on_header()
+
+        if self._proto_on_headers_complete is not None:
+            self._proto_on_headers_complete()
+
+    cdef _on_chunk_header(self):
+        if (self._current_header_value is not None or
+            self._current_header_name is not None):
+            raise HttpParserError('invalid headers state')
+
+        if self._proto_on_chunk_header is not None:
+            self._proto_on_chunk_header()
+
+    cdef _on_chunk_complete(self):
+        self._maybe_call_on_header()
+
+        if self._proto_on_chunk_complete is not None:
+            self._proto_on_chunk_complete()
+
+    ### Public API ###
+
+    def set_dangerous_leniencies(
+        self,
+        lenient_headers: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_chunked_length: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_keep_alive: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_transfer_encoding: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_version: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_data_after_close: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_optional_lf_after_cr: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_optional_cr_before_lf: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk: Optional[bool] = None,
+        lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        if lenient_headers is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_headers(
+                parser, lenient_headers)
+        if lenient_chunked_length is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_chunked_length(
+                parser, lenient_chunked_length)
+        if lenient_keep_alive is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_keep_alive(
+                parser, lenient_keep_alive)
+        if lenient_transfer_encoding is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_transfer_encoding(
+                parser, lenient_transfer_encoding)
+        if lenient_version is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_version(
+                parser, lenient_version)
+        if lenient_data_after_close is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_data_after_close(
+                parser, lenient_data_after_close)
+        if lenient_optional_lf_after_cr is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_optional_lf_after_cr(
+                parser, lenient_optional_lf_after_cr)
+        if lenient_optional_cr_before_lf is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_optional_cr_before_lf(
+                parser, lenient_optional_cr_before_lf)
+        if lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk(
+                parser, lenient_optional_crlf_after_chunk)
+        if lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size is not None:
+            cparser.llhttp_set_lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size(
+                parser, lenient_spaces_after_chunk_size)
+
+    def get_http_version(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return '{}.{}'.format(parser.http_major, parser.http_minor)
+
+    def should_keep_alive(self):
+        return bool(cparser.llhttp_should_keep_alive(self._cparser))
+
+    def should_upgrade(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return bool(parser.upgrade)
+
+    def feed_data(self, data):
+        cdef:
+            size_t data_len
+            cparser.llhttp_errno_t err
+            Py_buffer *buf
+            bint owning_buf = False
+            const char* err_pos
+
+        if PyMemoryView_Check(data):
+            buf = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(data)
+            data_len = <size_t>buf.len
+            err = cparser.llhttp_execute(
+                self._cparser,
+                <char*>buf.buf,
+                data_len)
+
+        else:
+            buf = &self.py_buf
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(data, buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+            owning_buf = True
+            data_len = <size_t>buf.len
+
+            err = cparser.llhttp_execute(
+                self._cparser,
+                <char*>buf.buf,
+                data_len)
+
+        try:
+            if self._cparser.upgrade == 1 and err == cparser.HPE_PAUSED_UPGRADE:
+                err_pos = cparser.llhttp_get_error_pos(self._cparser)
+
+                # Immediately free the parser from "error" state, simulating
+                # http-parser behavior here because 1) we never had the API to
+                # allow users manually "resume after upgrade", and 2) the use
+                # case for resuming parsing is very rare.
+                cparser.llhttp_resume_after_upgrade(self._cparser)
+
+                # The err_pos here is specific for the input buf. So if we ever
+                # switch to the llhttp behavior (re-raise HttpParserUpgrade for
+                # successive calls to feed_data() until resume_after_upgrade is
+                # called), we have to store the result and keep our own state.
+                raise HttpParserUpgrade(err_pos - <char*>buf.buf)
+        finally:
+            if owning_buf:
+                PyBuffer_Release(buf)
+
+        if err != cparser.HPE_OK:
+            ex = parser_error_from_errno(
+                self._cparser,
+                <cparser.llhttp_errno_t> self._cparser.error)
+            if isinstance(ex, HttpParserCallbackError):
+                if self._last_error is not None:
+                    ex.__context__ = self._last_error
+                    self._last_error = None
+            raise ex
+
+
+cdef class HttpRequestParser(HttpParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._init(protocol, cparser.HTTP_REQUEST)
+
+        self._proto_on_url = getattr(protocol, 'on_url', None)
+        if self._proto_on_url is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_url = cb_on_url
+
+    def get_method(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return cparser.llhttp_method_name(<cparser.llhttp_method_t> parser.method)
+
+
+cdef class HttpResponseParser(HttpParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._init(protocol, cparser.HTTP_RESPONSE)
+
+        self._proto_on_status = getattr(protocol, 'on_status', None)
+        if self._proto_on_status is not None:
+            self._csettings.on_status = cb_on_status
+
+    def get_status_code(self):
+        cdef cparser.llhttp_t* parser = self._cparser
+        return parser.status_code
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_message_begin(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_message_begin()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_url(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                   const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_url(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_url` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_status(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                      const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_status(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_status` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_header_field(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                            const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_header_field(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_header_field` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_header_value(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                            const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_header_value(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_header_value` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_headers_complete(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_headers_complete()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        if pyparser._cparser.upgrade:
+            return 1
+        else:
+            return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_body(cparser.llhttp_t* parser,
+                    const char *at, size_t length) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_body(at[:length])
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        cparser.llhttp_set_error_reason(parser, "`on_body` callback error")
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return cparser.HPE_USER
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_message_complete(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._proto_on_message_complete()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_chunk_header(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_chunk_header()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef int cb_on_chunk_complete(cparser.llhttp_t* parser) except -1:
+    cdef HttpParser pyparser = <HttpParser>parser.data
+    try:
+        pyparser._on_chunk_complete()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        pyparser._last_error = ex
+        return -1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+cdef parser_error_from_errno(cparser.llhttp_t* parser, cparser.llhttp_errno_t errno):
+    cdef bytes reason = cparser.llhttp_get_error_reason(parser)
+
+    if errno in (cparser.HPE_CB_MESSAGE_BEGIN,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_HEADERS_COMPLETE,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_MESSAGE_COMPLETE,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_CHUNK_HEADER,
+                 cparser.HPE_CB_CHUNK_COMPLETE,
+                 cparser.HPE_USER):
+        cls = HttpParserCallbackError
+
+    elif errno == cparser.HPE_INVALID_STATUS:
+        cls = HttpParserInvalidStatusError
+
+    elif errno == cparser.HPE_INVALID_METHOD:
+        cls = HttpParserInvalidMethodError
+
+    elif errno == cparser.HPE_INVALID_URL:
+        cls = HttpParserInvalidURLError
+
+    else:
+        cls = HttpParserError
+
+    return cls(reason.decode('latin-1'))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/protocol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae00523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from typing import Protocol
+
+
+class HTTPProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Used for providing static type-checking when parsing through the http protocol"""
+
+    def on_message_begin(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_url(self, url: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def on_header(self, name: bytes, value: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def on_headers_complete(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_body(self, body: bytes) -> None: ...
+    def on_message_complete(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_chunk_header(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_chunk_complete(self) -> None: ...
+    def on_status(self, status: bytes) -> None: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/python.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/python.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e95925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/python.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cimport cpython
+
+
+cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    cpython.Py_buffer* PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(object)
+    bint PyMemoryView_Check(object)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab9265a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_cparser.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport uint16_t
+
+
+cdef extern from "http_parser.h":
+    # URL Parser
+
+    enum http_parser_url_fields:
+        UF_SCHEMA   = 0,
+        UF_HOST     = 1,
+        UF_PORT     = 2,
+        UF_PATH     = 3,
+        UF_QUERY    = 4,
+        UF_FRAGMENT = 5,
+        UF_USERINFO = 6,
+        UF_MAX      = 7
+
+    struct http_parser_url_field_data:
+        uint16_t off
+        uint16_t len
+
+    struct http_parser_url:
+        uint16_t field_set
+        uint16_t port
+        http_parser_url_field_data[<int>UF_MAX] field_data
+
+    void http_parser_url_init(http_parser_url *u)
+
+    int http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf,
+                              size_t buflen,
+                              int is_connect,
+                              http_parser_url *u)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0cefed9
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f04847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from array import array
+
+class URL:
+    schema: bytes
+    host: bytes
+    port: int
+    path: bytes
+    query: bytes
+    fragment: bytes
+    userinfo: bytes
+
+def parse_url(url: bytes | bytearray | memoryview | array[int]) -> URL:
+    """Parse a URL string into a structured Python object."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e855b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/parser/url_parser.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#cython: language_level=3
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+from cpython.mem cimport PyMem_Malloc, PyMem_Free
+from cpython cimport PyObject_GetBuffer, PyBuffer_Release, PyBUF_SIMPLE, \
+                     Py_buffer
+
+from .errors import HttpParserInvalidURLError
+
+cimport cython
+from . cimport url_cparser as uparser
+
+__all__ = ('parse_url',)
+
+DEF MAX_URL_LENGTH = (1 << 16) - 1
+
+@cython.freelist(250)
+cdef class URL:
+    cdef readonly bytes schema
+    cdef readonly bytes host
+    cdef readonly object port
+    cdef readonly bytes path
+    cdef readonly bytes query
+    cdef readonly bytes fragment
+    cdef readonly bytes userinfo
+
+    def __cinit__(self, bytes schema, bytes host, object port, bytes path,
+                  bytes query, bytes fragment, bytes userinfo):
+
+        self.schema = schema
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.path = path
+        self.query = query
+        self.fragment = fragment
+        self.userinfo = userinfo
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return ('<URL schema: {!r}, host: {!r}, port: {!r}, path: {!r}, '
+                'query: {!r}, fragment: {!r}, userinfo: {!r}>'
+                .format(self.schema, self.host, self.port, self.path,
+                    self.query, self.fragment, self.userinfo))
+
+
+def parse_url(url):
+    cdef:
+        Py_buffer py_buf
+        char* buf_data
+        uparser.http_parser_url* parsed
+        int res
+        bytes schema = None
+        bytes host = None
+        object port = None
+        bytes path = None
+        bytes query = None
+        bytes fragment = None
+        bytes userinfo = None
+        object result = None
+        int off
+        int ln
+
+    parsed = <uparser.http_parser_url*> \
+                        PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(uparser.http_parser_url))
+    uparser.http_parser_url_init(parsed)
+
+    PyObject_GetBuffer(url, &py_buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+    try:
+        if py_buf.len > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+            # http_parser stores URL field offsets/lengths as uint16_t,
+            # so URLs longer than this will cause silent truncation.
+            # See https://github.com/MagicStack/httptools/issues/142
+            raise HttpParserInvalidURLError(
+                "url is too long: url length of {} bytes exceeds the "
+                "maximum of {} bytes".format(py_buf.len, MAX_URL_LENGTH))
+
+        buf_data = <char*>py_buf.buf
+        res = uparser.http_parser_parse_url(buf_data, py_buf.len, 0, parsed)
+
+        if res == 0:
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_SCHEMA):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_SCHEMA].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_SCHEMA].len
+                schema = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_HOST):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_HOST].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_HOST].len
+                host = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_PORT):
+                port = parsed.port
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_PATH):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_PATH].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_PATH].len
+                path = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_QUERY):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_QUERY].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_QUERY].len
+                query = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_FRAGMENT):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_FRAGMENT].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_FRAGMENT].len
+                fragment = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            if parsed.field_set & (1 << uparser.UF_USERINFO):
+                off = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_USERINFO].off
+                ln = parsed.field_data[<int>uparser.UF_USERINFO].len
+                userinfo = buf_data[off:off+ln]
+
+            return URL(schema, host, port, path, query, fragment, userinfo)
+        else:
+            raise HttpParserInvalidURLError("invalid url {!r}".format(url))
+    finally:
+        PyBuffer_Release(&py_buf)
+        PyMem_Free(parsed)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httptools/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0d2b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: httpx
+Version: 0.28.1
+Summary: The next generation HTTP client.
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://www.python-httpx.org
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/encode/httpx
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/encode/httpx
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Framework :: Trio
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Dist: anyio
+Requires-Dist: certifi
+Requires-Dist: httpcore==1.*
+Requires-Dist: idna
+Provides-Extra: brotli
+Requires-Dist: brotli; (platform_python_implementation == 'CPython') and extra == 'brotli'
+Requires-Dist: brotlicffi; (platform_python_implementation != 'CPython') and extra == 'brotli'
+Provides-Extra: cli
+Requires-Dist: click==8.*; extra == 'cli'
+Requires-Dist: pygments==2.*; extra == 'cli'
+Requires-Dist: rich<14,>=10; extra == 'cli'
+Provides-Extra: http2
+Requires-Dist: h2<5,>=3; extra == 'http2'
+Provides-Extra: socks
+Requires-Dist: socksio==1.*; extra == 'socks'
+Provides-Extra: zstd
+Requires-Dist: zstandard>=0.18.0; extra == 'zstd'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org/"><img width="350" height="208" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/httpx/master/docs/img/butterfly.png" alt='HTTPX'></a>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center"><strong>HTTPX</strong> <em>- A next-generation HTTP client for Python.</em></p>
+
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/encode/httpx/actions">
+    <img src="https://github.com/encode/httpx/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg" alt="Test Suite">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/httpx/">
+    <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/httpx.svg" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+HTTPX is a fully featured HTTP client library for Python 3. It includes **an integrated command line client**, has support for both **HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2**, and provides both **sync and async APIs**.
+
+---
+
+Install HTTPX using pip:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpx
+```
+
+Now, let's get started:
+
+```pycon
+>>> import httpx
+>>> r = httpx.get('https://www.example.org/')
+>>> r
+<Response [200 OK]>
+>>> r.status_code
+200
+>>> r.headers['content-type']
+'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
+>>> r.text
+'<!doctype html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Example Domain</title>...'
+```
+
+Or, using the command-line client.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install 'httpx[cli]'  # The command line client is an optional dependency.
+```
+
+Which now allows us to use HTTPX directly from the command-line...
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="700" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/httpx/master/docs/img/httpx-help.png" alt='httpx --help'>
+</p>
+
+Sending a request...
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="700" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/encode/httpx/master/docs/img/httpx-request.png" alt='httpx http://httpbin.org/json'>
+</p>
+
+## Features
+
+HTTPX builds on the well-established usability of `requests`, and gives you:
+
+* A broadly [requests-compatible API](https://www.python-httpx.org/compatibility/).
+* An integrated command-line client.
+* HTTP/1.1 [and HTTP/2 support](https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/).
+* Standard synchronous interface, but with [async support if you need it](https://www.python-httpx.org/async/).
+* Ability to make requests directly to [WSGI applications](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/transports/#wsgi-transport) or [ASGI applications](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/transports/#asgi-transport).
+* Strict timeouts everywhere.
+* Fully type annotated.
+* 100% test coverage.
+
+Plus all the standard features of `requests`...
+
+* International Domains and URLs
+* Keep-Alive & Connection Pooling
+* Sessions with Cookie Persistence
+* Browser-style SSL Verification
+* Basic/Digest Authentication
+* Elegant Key/Value Cookies
+* Automatic Decompression
+* Automatic Content Decoding
+* Unicode Response Bodies
+* Multipart File Uploads
+* HTTP(S) Proxy Support
+* Connection Timeouts
+* Streaming Downloads
+* .netrc Support
+* Chunked Requests
+
+## Installation
+
+Install with pip:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpx
+```
+
+Or, to include the optional HTTP/2 support, use:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install httpx[http2]
+```
+
+HTTPX requires Python 3.8+.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Project documentation is available at [https://www.python-httpx.org/](https://www.python-httpx.org/).
+
+For a run-through of all the basics, head over to the [QuickStart](https://www.python-httpx.org/quickstart/).
+
+For more advanced topics, see the [Advanced Usage](https://www.python-httpx.org/advanced/) section, the [async support](https://www.python-httpx.org/async/) section, or the [HTTP/2](https://www.python-httpx.org/http2/) section.
+
+The [Developer Interface](https://www.python-httpx.org/api/) provides a comprehensive API reference.
+
+To find out about tools that integrate with HTTPX, see [Third Party Packages](https://www.python-httpx.org/third_party_packages/).
+
+## Contribute
+
+If you want to contribute with HTTPX check out the [Contributing Guide](https://www.python-httpx.org/contributing/) to learn how to start.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+The HTTPX project relies on these excellent libraries:
+
+* `httpcore` - The underlying transport implementation for `httpx`.
+  * `h11` - HTTP/1.1 support.
+* `certifi` - SSL certificates.
+* `idna` - Internationalized domain name support.
+* `sniffio` - Async library autodetection.
+
+As well as these optional installs:
+
+* `h2` - HTTP/2 support. *(Optional, with `httpx[http2]`)*
+* `socksio` - SOCKS proxy support. *(Optional, with `httpx[socks]`)*
+* `rich` - Rich terminal support. *(Optional, with `httpx[cli]`)*
+* `click` - Command line client support. *(Optional, with `httpx[cli]`)*
+* `brotli` or `brotlicffi` - Decoding for "brotli" compressed responses. *(Optional, with `httpx[brotli]`)*
+* `zstandard` - Decoding for "zstd" compressed responses. *(Optional, with `httpx[zstd]`)*
+
+A huge amount of credit is due to `requests` for the API layout that
+much of this work follows, as well as to `urllib3` for plenty of design
+inspiration around the lower-level networking details.
+
+---
+
+<p align="center"><i>HTTPX is <a href="https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/master/LICENSE.md">BSD licensed</a> code.<br/>Designed & crafted with care.</i><br/>&mdash; 🦋 &mdash;</p>
+
+## Release Information
+
+### Fixed
+
+* Reintroduced supposedly-private `URLTypes` shortcut. (#2673)
+
+
+---
+
+[Full changelog](https://github.com/encode/httpx/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b772b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+../../../bin/httpx,sha256=Z-Om0GhW8k4BCggSaqool4lnpcsAc7pAbZ7fz56sPDM,253
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=_rubD48-gNV8gZnDBPNcQzboWB0dGNeYPJJ2a4J5OyU,7052
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=C2FUgwZgiLbznR-k0b_5k3Ai_1aASOXDss3lzCUsUug,87
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=2lVkdQmxLA1pNMgSN2eV89o90HCZezhmNwsy6ryKDSA,37
+httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md,sha256=TsWdVE8StfU5o6cW_TIaxYzNgDC0ZSIfLIgCAM3yjY0,1508
+httpx/__init__.py,sha256=CsaZe6yZj0rHg6322AWKWHGTMVr9txgEfD5P3_Rrz60,2171
+httpx/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/__version__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_api.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_auth.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_client.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_config.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_content.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_decoders.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_exceptions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_models.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_multipart.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_status_codes.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_types.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_urlparse.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_urls.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__pycache__/_utils.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/__version__.py,sha256=LoUyYeOXTieGzuP_64UL0wxdtxjuu_QbOvE7NOg-IqU,108
+httpx/_api.py,sha256=r_Zgs4jIpcPJLqK5dbbSayqo_iVMKFaxZCd-oOHxLEs,11743
+httpx/_auth.py,sha256=Yr3QwaUSK17rGYx-7j-FdicFIzz4Y9FFV-1F4-7RXX4,11891
+httpx/_client.py,sha256=xD-UG67-WMkeltAAOeGGj-cZ2RRTAm19sWRxlFY7_40,65714
+httpx/_config.py,sha256=pPp2U-wicfcKsF-KYRE1LYdt3e6ERGeIoXZ8Gjo3LWc,8547
+httpx/_content.py,sha256=LGGzrJTR3OvN4Mb1GVVNLXkXJH-6oKlwAttO9p5w_yg,8161
+httpx/_decoders.py,sha256=p0dX8I0NEHexs3UGp4SsZutiMhsXrrWl6-GnqVb0iKM,12041
+httpx/_exceptions.py,sha256=bxW7fxzgVMAdNTbwT0Vnq04gJDW1_gI_GFiQPuMyjL0,8527
+httpx/_main.py,sha256=Cg9GMabiTT_swaDfUgIRitSwxLRMSwUDOm7LdSGqlA4,15626
+httpx/_models.py,sha256=4__Guyv1gLxuZChwim8kfQNiIOcJ9acreFOSurvZfms,44700
+httpx/_multipart.py,sha256=KOHEZZl6oohg9mPaKyyu345qq1rJLg35TUG3YAzXB3Y,9843
+httpx/_status_codes.py,sha256=DYn-2ufBgMeXy5s8x3_TB7wjAuAAMewTakPrm5rXEsc,5639
+httpx/_transports/__init__.py,sha256=GbUoBSAOp7z-l-9j5YhMhR3DMIcn6FVLhj072O3Nnno,275
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/asgi.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/base.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/default.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/mock.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-312.pyc,,
+httpx/_transports/asgi.py,sha256=HRfiDYMPt4wQH2gFgHZg4c-i3sblo6bL5GTqcET-xz8,5501
+httpx/_transports/base.py,sha256=kZS_VMbViYfF570pogUCJ1bulz-ybfL51Pqs9yktebU,2523
+httpx/_transports/default.py,sha256=AzeaRUyVwCccTyyNJexDf0n1dFfzzydpdIQgvw7PLnk,13983
+httpx/_transports/mock.py,sha256=PTo0d567RITXxGrki6kN7_67wwAxfwiMDcuXJiZCjEo,1232
+httpx/_transports/wsgi.py,sha256=NcPX3Xap_EwCFZWO_OaSyQNuInCYx1QMNbO8GAei6jY,4825
+httpx/_types.py,sha256=Jyh41GQq7AOev8IOWKDAg7zCbvHAfufmW5g_PiTtErY,2965
+httpx/_urlparse.py,sha256=ZAmH47ONfkxrrj-PPYhGeiHjb6AjKCS-ANWIN4OL_KY,18546
+httpx/_urls.py,sha256=dX99VR1DSOHpgo9Aq7PzYO4FKdxqKjwyNp8grf8dHN0,21550
+httpx/_utils.py,sha256=_TVeqAKvxJkKHdz7dFeb4s0LZqQXgeFkXSgfiHBK_1o,8285
+httpx/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21aaa72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.26.3
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ae9600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+httpx = httpx:main
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab79d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx-0.28.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Copyright © 2019, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9addde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from .__version__ import __description__, __title__, __version__
+from ._api import *
+from ._auth import *
+from ._client import *
+from ._config import *
+from ._content import *
+from ._exceptions import *
+from ._models import *
+from ._status_codes import *
+from ._transports import *
+from ._types import *
+from ._urls import *
+
+try:
+    from ._main import main
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def main() -> None:  # type: ignore
+        import sys
+
+        print(
+            "The httpx command line client could not run because the required "
+            "dependencies were not installed.\nMake sure you've installed "
+            "everything with: pip install 'httpx[cli]'"
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__description__",
+    "__title__",
+    "__version__",
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "AsyncByteStream",
+    "AsyncClient",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "Auth",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "BasicAuth",
+    "ByteStream",
+    "Client",
+    "CloseError",
+    "codes",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "Cookies",
+    "create_ssl_context",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "delete",
+    "DigestAuth",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "Headers",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "Limits",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "main",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "NetRCAuth",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "post",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "Proxy",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "put",
+    "QueryParams",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "request",
+    "Request",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "Response",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "stream",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "SyncByteStream",
+    "Timeout",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "URL",
+    "USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
+
+
+__locals = locals()
+for __name in __all__:
+    if not __name.startswith("__"):
+        setattr(__locals[__name], "__module__", "httpx")  # noqa
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__pycache__/_utils.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__pycache__/_utils.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..801bfac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/__version__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+__title__ = "httpx"
+__description__ = "A next generation HTTP client, for Python 3."
+__version__ = "0.28.1"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3cda1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._config import DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG
+from ._models import Response
+from ._types import (
+    AuthTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxyTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+)
+from ._urls import URL
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "delete",
+    "get",
+    "head",
+    "options",
+    "patch",
+    "post",
+    "put",
+    "request",
+    "stream",
+]
+
+
+def request(
+    method: str,
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an HTTP request.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **method** - HTTP method for the new `Request` object: `GET`, `OPTIONS`,
+    `HEAD`, `POST`, `PUT`, `PATCH`, or `DELETE`.
+    * **url** - URL for the new `Request` object.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in the URL, as a
+    string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **content** - *(optional)* Binary content to include in the body of the
+    request, as bytes or a byte iterator.
+    * **data** - *(optional)* Form data to include in the body of the request,
+    as a dictionary.
+    * **files** - *(optional)* A dictionary of upload files to include in the
+    body of the request.
+    * **json** - *(optional)* A JSON serializable object to include in the body
+    of the request.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include in the
+    request.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include in the
+    request.
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending the
+    request.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    the request.
+    * **follow_redirects** - *(optional)* Enables or disables HTTP redirects.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+
+    **Returns:** `Response`
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```
+    >>> import httpx
+    >>> response = httpx.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+    >>> response
+    <Response [200 OK]>
+    ```
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        return client.request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        )
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def stream(
+    method: str,
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+    """
+    Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+    instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+    [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+    """
+    with Client(
+        cookies=cookies,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    ) as client:
+        with client.stream(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        ) as response:
+            yield response
+
+
+def get(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `GET` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `GET` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "GET",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def options(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `OPTIONS` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "OPTIONS",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def head(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `HEAD` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `HEAD` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "HEAD",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def post(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `POST` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "POST",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def put(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PUT` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PUT",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def patch(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: typing.Any | None = None,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `PATCH` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "PATCH",
+        url,
+        content=content,
+        data=data,
+        files=files,
+        json=json,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
+
+
+def delete(
+    url: URL | str,
+    *,
+    params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+    headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+    auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+    proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+    follow_redirects: bool = False,
+    timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> Response:
+    """
+    Sends a `DELETE` request.
+
+    **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+    Note that the `data`, `files`, `json` and `content` parameters are not available
+    on this function, as `DELETE` requests should not include a request body.
+    """
+    return request(
+        "DELETE",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        cookies=cookies,
+        auth=auth,
+        proxy=proxy,
+        follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+        verify=verify,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        trust_env=trust_env,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b03971a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import time
+import typing
+from base64 import b64encode
+from urllib.request import parse_http_list
+
+from ._exceptions import ProtocolError
+from ._models import Cookies, Request, Response
+from ._utils import to_bytes, to_str, unquote
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+
+__all__ = ["Auth", "BasicAuth", "DigestAuth", "NetRCAuth"]
+
+
+class Auth:
+    """
+    Base class for all authentication schemes.
+
+    To implement a custom authentication scheme, subclass `Auth` and override
+    the `.auth_flow()` method.
+
+    If the authentication scheme does I/O such as disk access or network calls, or uses
+    synchronization primitives such as locks, you should override `.sync_auth_flow()`
+    and/or `.async_auth_flow()` instead of `.auth_flow()` to provide specialized
+    implementations that will be used by `Client` and `AsyncClient` respectively.
+    """
+
+    requires_request_body = False
+    requires_response_body = False
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow.
+
+        To dispatch a request, `yield` it:
+
+        ```
+        yield request
+        ```
+
+        The client will `.send()` the response back into the flow generator. You can
+        access it like so:
+
+        ```
+        response = yield request
+        ```
+
+        A `return` (or reaching the end of the generator) will result in the
+        client returning the last response obtained from the server.
+
+        You can dispatch as many requests as is necessary.
+        """
+        yield request
+
+    def sync_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow synchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            request.read()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                response.read()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+    async def async_auth_flow(
+        self, request: Request
+    ) -> typing.AsyncGenerator[Request, Response]:
+        """
+        Execute the authentication flow asynchronously.
+
+        By default, this defers to `.auth_flow()`. You should override this method
+        when the authentication scheme does I/O and/or uses concurrency primitives.
+        """
+        if self.requires_request_body:
+            await request.aread()
+
+        flow = self.auth_flow(request)
+        request = next(flow)
+
+        while True:
+            response = yield request
+            if self.requires_response_body:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            try:
+                request = flow.send(response)
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+
+class FunctionAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a simple callable function,
+    that takes the request, and returns a new, modified request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, func: typing.Callable[[Request], Request]) -> None:
+        self._func = func
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        yield self._func(request)
+
+
+class BasicAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Allows the 'auth' argument to be passed as a (username, password) pair,
+    and uses HTTP Basic authentication.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> None:
+        self._auth_header = self._build_auth_header(username, password)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._auth_header
+        yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class NetRCAuth(Auth):
+    """
+    Use a 'netrc' file to lookup basic auth credentials based on the url host.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, file: str | None = None) -> None:
+        # Lazily import 'netrc'.
+        # There's no need for us to load this module unless 'NetRCAuth' is being used.
+        import netrc
+
+        self._netrc_info = netrc.netrc(file)
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        auth_info = self._netrc_info.authenticators(request.url.host)
+        if auth_info is None or not auth_info[2]:
+            # The netrc file did not have authentication credentials for this host.
+            yield request
+        else:
+            # Build a basic auth header with credentials from the netrc file.
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+                username=auth_info[0], password=auth_info[2]
+            )
+            yield request
+
+    def _build_auth_header(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> str:
+        userpass = b":".join((to_bytes(username), to_bytes(password)))
+        token = b64encode(userpass).decode()
+        return f"Basic {token}"
+
+
+class DigestAuth(Auth):
+    _ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION: dict[str, typing.Callable[[bytes], _Hash]] = {
+        "MD5": hashlib.md5,
+        "MD5-SESS": hashlib.md5,
+        "SHA": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-SESS": hashlib.sha1,
+        "SHA-256": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-256-SESS": hashlib.sha256,
+        "SHA-512": hashlib.sha512,
+        "SHA-512-SESS": hashlib.sha512,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, username: str | bytes, password: str | bytes) -> None:
+        self._username = to_bytes(username)
+        self._password = to_bytes(password)
+        self._last_challenge: _DigestAuthChallenge | None = None
+        self._nonce_count = 1
+
+    def auth_flow(self, request: Request) -> typing.Generator[Request, Response, None]:
+        if self._last_challenge:
+            request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+                request, self._last_challenge
+            )
+
+        response = yield request
+
+        if response.status_code != 401 or "www-authenticate" not in response.headers:
+            # If the response is not a 401 then we don't
+            # need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        for auth_header in response.headers.get_list("www-authenticate"):
+            if auth_header.lower().startswith("digest "):
+                break
+        else:
+            # If the response does not include a 'WWW-Authenticate: Digest ...'
+            # header, then we don't need to build an authenticated request.
+            return
+
+        self._last_challenge = self._parse_challenge(request, response, auth_header)
+        self._nonce_count = 1
+
+        request.headers["Authorization"] = self._build_auth_header(
+            request, self._last_challenge
+        )
+        if response.cookies:
+            Cookies(response.cookies).set_cookie_header(request=request)
+        yield request
+
+    def _parse_challenge(
+        self, request: Request, response: Response, auth_header: str
+    ) -> _DigestAuthChallenge:
+        """
+        Returns a challenge from a Digest WWW-Authenticate header.
+        These take the form of:
+        `Digest realm="realm@host.com",qop="auth,auth-int",nonce="abc",opaque="xyz"`
+        """
+        scheme, _, fields = auth_header.partition(" ")
+
+        # This method should only ever have been called with a Digest auth header.
+        assert scheme.lower() == "digest"
+
+        header_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for field in parse_http_list(fields):
+            key, value = field.strip().split("=", 1)
+            header_dict[key] = unquote(value)
+
+        try:
+            realm = header_dict["realm"].encode()
+            nonce = header_dict["nonce"].encode()
+            algorithm = header_dict.get("algorithm", "MD5")
+            opaque = header_dict["opaque"].encode() if "opaque" in header_dict else None
+            qop = header_dict["qop"].encode() if "qop" in header_dict else None
+            return _DigestAuthChallenge(
+                realm=realm, nonce=nonce, algorithm=algorithm, opaque=opaque, qop=qop
+            )
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            message = "Malformed Digest WWW-Authenticate header"
+            raise ProtocolError(message, request=request) from exc
+
+    def _build_auth_header(
+        self, request: Request, challenge: _DigestAuthChallenge
+    ) -> str:
+        hash_func = self._ALGORITHM_TO_HASH_FUNCTION[challenge.algorithm.upper()]
+
+        def digest(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return hash_func(data).hexdigest().encode()
+
+        A1 = b":".join((self._username, challenge.realm, self._password))
+
+        path = request.url.raw_path
+        A2 = b":".join((request.method.encode(), path))
+        # TODO: implement auth-int
+        HA2 = digest(A2)
+
+        nc_value = b"%08x" % self._nonce_count
+        cnonce = self._get_client_nonce(self._nonce_count, challenge.nonce)
+        self._nonce_count += 1
+
+        HA1 = digest(A1)
+        if challenge.algorithm.lower().endswith("-sess"):
+            HA1 = digest(b":".join((HA1, challenge.nonce, cnonce)))
+
+        qop = self._resolve_qop(challenge.qop, request=request)
+        if qop is None:
+            # Following RFC 2069
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, HA2]
+        else:
+            # Following RFC 2617/7616
+            digest_data = [HA1, challenge.nonce, nc_value, cnonce, qop, HA2]
+
+        format_args = {
+            "username": self._username,
+            "realm": challenge.realm,
+            "nonce": challenge.nonce,
+            "uri": path,
+            "response": digest(b":".join(digest_data)),
+            "algorithm": challenge.algorithm.encode(),
+        }
+        if challenge.opaque:
+            format_args["opaque"] = challenge.opaque
+        if qop:
+            format_args["qop"] = b"auth"
+            format_args["nc"] = nc_value
+            format_args["cnonce"] = cnonce
+
+        return "Digest " + self._get_header_value(format_args)
+
+    def _get_client_nonce(self, nonce_count: int, nonce: bytes) -> bytes:
+        s = str(nonce_count).encode()
+        s += nonce
+        s += time.ctime().encode()
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        return hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16].encode()
+
+    def _get_header_value(self, header_fields: dict[str, bytes]) -> str:
+        NON_QUOTED_FIELDS = ("algorithm", "qop", "nc")
+        QUOTED_TEMPLATE = '{}="{}"'
+        NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE = "{}={}"
+
+        header_value = ""
+        for i, (field, value) in enumerate(header_fields.items()):
+            if i > 0:
+                header_value += ", "
+            template = (
+                QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+                if field not in NON_QUOTED_FIELDS
+                else NON_QUOTED_TEMPLATE
+            )
+            header_value += template.format(field, to_str(value))
+
+        return header_value
+
+    def _resolve_qop(self, qop: bytes | None, request: Request) -> bytes | None:
+        if qop is None:
+            return None
+        qops = re.split(b", ?", qop)
+        if b"auth" in qops:
+            return b"auth"
+
+        if qops == [b"auth-int"]:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Digest auth-int support is not yet implemented")
+
+        message = f'Unexpected qop value "{qop!r}" in digest auth'
+        raise ProtocolError(message, request=request)
+
+
+class _DigestAuthChallenge(typing.NamedTuple):
+    realm: bytes
+    nonce: bytes
+    algorithm: str
+    opaque: bytes | None
+    qop: bytes | None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2249231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2019 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import enum
+import logging
+import time
+import typing
+import warnings
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .__version__ import __version__
+from ._auth import Auth, BasicAuth, FunctionAuth
+from ._config import (
+    DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+    Limits,
+    Proxy,
+    Timeout,
+)
+from ._decoders import SUPPORTED_DECODERS
+from ._exceptions import (
+    InvalidURL,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    request_context,
+)
+from ._models import Cookies, Headers, Request, Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._transports.base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+from ._transports.default import AsyncHTTPTransport, HTTPTransport
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    AuthTypes,
+    CertTypes,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    ProxyTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestExtensions,
+    RequestFiles,
+    SyncByteStream,
+    TimeoutTypes,
+)
+from ._urls import URL, QueryParams
+from ._utils import URLPattern, get_environment_proxies
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = ["USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT", "AsyncClient", "Client"]
+
+# The type annotation for @classmethod and context managers here follows PEP 484
+# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/#annotating-instance-and-class-methods
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="Client")
+U = typing.TypeVar("U", bound="AsyncClient")
+
+
+def _is_https_redirect(url: URL, location: URL) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return 'True' if 'location' is a HTTPS upgrade of 'url'
+    """
+    if url.host != location.host:
+        return False
+
+    return (
+        url.scheme == "http"
+        and _port_or_default(url) == 80
+        and location.scheme == "https"
+        and _port_or_default(location) == 443
+    )
+
+
+def _port_or_default(url: URL) -> int | None:
+    if url.port is not None:
+        return url.port
+    return {"http": 80, "https": 443}.get(url.scheme)
+
+
+def _same_origin(url: URL, other: URL) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return 'True' if the given URLs share the same origin.
+    """
+    return (
+        url.scheme == other.scheme
+        and url.host == other.host
+        and _port_or_default(url) == _port_or_default(other)
+    )
+
+
+class UseClientDefault:
+    """
+    For some parameters such as `auth=...` and `timeout=...` we need to be able
+    to indicate the default "unset" state, in a way that is distinctly different
+    to using `None`.
+
+    The default "unset" state indicates that whatever default is set on the
+    client should be used. This is different to setting `None`, which
+    explicitly disables the parameter, possibly overriding a client default.
+
+    For example we use `timeout=USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT` in the `request()` signature.
+    Omitting the `timeout` parameter will send a request using whatever default
+    timeout has been configured on the client. Including `timeout=None` will
+    ensure no timeout is used.
+
+    Note that user code shouldn't need to use the `USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT` constant,
+    but it is used internally when a parameter is not included.
+    """
+
+
+USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT = UseClientDefault()
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("httpx")
+
+USER_AGENT = f"python-httpx/{__version__}"
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = ", ".join(
+    [key for key in SUPPORTED_DECODERS.keys() if key != "identity"]
+)
+
+
+class ClientState(enum.Enum):
+    # UNOPENED:
+    #   The client has been instantiated, but has not been used to send a request,
+    #   or been opened by entering the context of a `with` block.
+    UNOPENED = 1
+    # OPENED:
+    #   The client has either sent a request, or is within a `with` block.
+    OPENED = 2
+    # CLOSED:
+    #   The client has either exited the `with` block, or `close()` has
+    #   been called explicitly.
+    CLOSED = 3
+
+
+class BoundSyncStream(SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    A byte stream that is bound to a given response instance, and that
+    ensures the `response.elapsed` is set once the response is closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream: SyncByteStream, response: Response, start: float
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._response = response
+        self._start = start
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self._stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - self._start
+        self._response.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+        self._stream.close()
+
+
+class BoundAsyncStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    An async byte stream that is bound to a given response instance, and that
+    ensures the `response.elapsed` is set once the response is closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, stream: AsyncByteStream, response: Response, start: float
+    ) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._response = response
+        self._start = start
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        async for chunk in self._stream:
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - self._start
+        self._response.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+        await self._stream.aclose()
+
+
+EventHook = typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]
+
+
+class BaseClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: None | (typing.Mapping[str, list[EventHook]]) = None,
+        base_url: URL | str = "",
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        event_hooks = {} if event_hooks is None else event_hooks
+
+        self._base_url = self._enforce_trailing_slash(URL(base_url))
+
+        self._auth = self._build_auth(auth)
+        self._params = QueryParams(params)
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+        self._cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+        self._timeout = Timeout(timeout)
+        self.follow_redirects = follow_redirects
+        self.max_redirects = max_redirects
+        self._event_hooks = {
+            "request": list(event_hooks.get("request", [])),
+            "response": list(event_hooks.get("response", [])),
+        }
+        self._trust_env = trust_env
+        self._default_encoding = default_encoding
+        self._state = ClientState.UNOPENED
+
+    @property
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the client being closed
+        """
+        return self._state == ClientState.CLOSED
+
+    @property
+    def trust_env(self) -> bool:
+        return self._trust_env
+
+    def _enforce_trailing_slash(self, url: URL) -> URL:
+        if url.raw_path.endswith(b"/"):
+            return url
+        return url.copy_with(raw_path=url.raw_path + b"/")
+
+    def _get_proxy_map(
+        self, proxy: ProxyTypes | None, allow_env_proxies: bool
+    ) -> dict[str, Proxy | None]:
+        if proxy is None:
+            if allow_env_proxies:
+                return {
+                    key: None if url is None else Proxy(url=url)
+                    for key, url in get_environment_proxies().items()
+                }
+            return {}
+        else:
+            proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+            return {"all://": proxy}
+
+    @property
+    def timeout(self) -> Timeout:
+        return self._timeout
+
+    @timeout.setter
+    def timeout(self, timeout: TimeoutTypes) -> None:
+        self._timeout = Timeout(timeout)
+
+    @property
+    def event_hooks(self) -> dict[str, list[EventHook]]:
+        return self._event_hooks
+
+    @event_hooks.setter
+    def event_hooks(self, event_hooks: dict[str, list[EventHook]]) -> None:
+        self._event_hooks = {
+            "request": list(event_hooks.get("request", [])),
+            "response": list(event_hooks.get("response", [])),
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def auth(self) -> Auth | None:
+        """
+        Authentication class used when none is passed at the request-level.
+
+        See also [Authentication][0].
+
+        [0]: /quickstart/#authentication
+        """
+        return self._auth
+
+    @auth.setter
+    def auth(self, auth: AuthTypes) -> None:
+        self._auth = self._build_auth(auth)
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> URL:
+        """
+        Base URL to use when sending requests with relative URLs.
+        """
+        return self._base_url
+
+    @base_url.setter
+    def base_url(self, url: URL | str) -> None:
+        self._base_url = self._enforce_trailing_slash(URL(url))
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> Headers:
+        """
+        HTTP headers to include when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._headers
+
+    @headers.setter
+    def headers(self, headers: HeaderTypes) -> None:
+        client_headers = Headers(
+            {
+                b"Accept": b"*/*",
+                b"Accept-Encoding": ACCEPT_ENCODING.encode("ascii"),
+                b"Connection": b"keep-alive",
+                b"User-Agent": USER_AGENT.encode("ascii"),
+            }
+        )
+        client_headers.update(headers)
+        self._headers = client_headers
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> Cookies:
+        """
+        Cookie values to include when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @cookies.setter
+    def cookies(self, cookies: CookieTypes) -> None:
+        self._cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Query parameters to include in the URL when sending requests.
+        """
+        return self._params
+
+    @params.setter
+    def params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> None:
+        self._params = QueryParams(params)
+
+    def build_request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Request:
+        """
+        Build and return a request instance.
+
+        * The `params`, `headers` and `cookies` arguments
+        are merged with any values set on the client.
+        * The `url` argument is merged with any `base_url` set on the client.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#request-instances
+        """
+        url = self._merge_url(url)
+        headers = self._merge_headers(headers)
+        cookies = self._merge_cookies(cookies)
+        params = self._merge_queryparams(params)
+        extensions = {} if extensions is None else extensions
+        if "timeout" not in extensions:
+            timeout = (
+                self.timeout
+                if isinstance(timeout, UseClientDefault)
+                else Timeout(timeout)
+            )
+            extensions = dict(**extensions, timeout=timeout.as_dict())
+        return Request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _merge_url(self, url: URL | str) -> URL:
+        """
+        Merge a URL argument together with any 'base_url' on the client,
+        to create the URL used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        merge_url = URL(url)
+        if merge_url.is_relative_url:
+            # To merge URLs we always append to the base URL. To get this
+            # behaviour correct we always ensure the base URL ends in a '/'
+            # separator, and strip any leading '/' from the merge URL.
+            #
+            # So, eg...
+            #
+            # >>> client = Client(base_url="https://www.example.com/subpath")
+            # >>> client.base_url
+            # URL('https://www.example.com/subpath/')
+            # >>> client.build_request("GET", "/path").url
+            # URL('https://www.example.com/subpath/path')
+            merge_raw_path = self.base_url.raw_path + merge_url.raw_path.lstrip(b"/")
+            return self.base_url.copy_with(raw_path=merge_raw_path)
+        return merge_url
+
+    def _merge_cookies(self, cookies: CookieTypes | None = None) -> CookieTypes | None:
+        """
+        Merge a cookies argument together with any cookies on the client,
+        to create the cookies used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        if cookies or self.cookies:
+            merged_cookies = Cookies(self.cookies)
+            merged_cookies.update(cookies)
+            return merged_cookies
+        return cookies
+
+    def _merge_headers(self, headers: HeaderTypes | None = None) -> HeaderTypes | None:
+        """
+        Merge a headers argument together with any headers on the client,
+        to create the headers used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        merged_headers = Headers(self.headers)
+        merged_headers.update(headers)
+        return merged_headers
+
+    def _merge_queryparams(
+        self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None
+    ) -> QueryParamTypes | None:
+        """
+        Merge a queryparams argument together with any queryparams on the client,
+        to create the queryparams used for the outgoing request.
+        """
+        if params or self.params:
+            merged_queryparams = QueryParams(self.params)
+            return merged_queryparams.merge(params)
+        return params
+
+    def _build_auth(self, auth: AuthTypes | None) -> Auth | None:
+        if auth is None:
+            return None
+        elif isinstance(auth, tuple):
+            return BasicAuth(username=auth[0], password=auth[1])
+        elif isinstance(auth, Auth):
+            return auth
+        elif callable(auth):
+            return FunctionAuth(func=auth)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Invalid "auth" argument: {auth!r}')
+
+    def _build_request_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Auth:
+        auth = (
+            self._auth if isinstance(auth, UseClientDefault) else self._build_auth(auth)
+        )
+
+        if auth is not None:
+            return auth
+
+        username, password = request.url.username, request.url.password
+        if username or password:
+            return BasicAuth(username=username, password=password)
+
+        return Auth()
+
+    def _build_redirect_request(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> Request:
+        """
+        Given a request and a redirect response, return a new request that
+        should be used to effect the redirect.
+        """
+        method = self._redirect_method(request, response)
+        url = self._redirect_url(request, response)
+        headers = self._redirect_headers(request, url, method)
+        stream = self._redirect_stream(request, method)
+        cookies = Cookies(self.cookies)
+        return Request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            stream=stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def _redirect_method(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> str:
+        """
+        When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
+        based on certain specs or browser behavior.
+        """
+        method = request.method
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+        if response.status_code == codes.SEE_OTHER and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
+        # Turn 302s into GETs.
+        if response.status_code == codes.FOUND and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # If a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
+        # This bizarre behaviour is explained in 'requests' issue 1704.
+        if response.status_code == codes.MOVED_PERMANENTLY and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        return method
+
+    def _redirect_url(self, request: Request, response: Response) -> URL:
+        """
+        Return the URL for the redirect to follow.
+        """
+        location = response.headers["Location"]
+
+        try:
+            url = URL(location)
+        except InvalidURL as exc:
+            raise RemoteProtocolError(
+                f"Invalid URL in location header: {exc}.", request=request
+            ) from None
+
+        # Handle malformed 'Location' headers that are "absolute" form, have no host.
+        # See: https://github.com/encode/httpx/issues/771
+        if url.scheme and not url.host:
+            url = url.copy_with(host=request.url.host)
+
+        # Facilitate relative 'Location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
+        # (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
+        if url.is_relative_url:
+            url = request.url.join(url)
+
+        # Attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
+        if request.url.fragment and not url.fragment:
+            url = url.copy_with(fragment=request.url.fragment)
+
+        return url
+
+    def _redirect_headers(self, request: Request, url: URL, method: str) -> Headers:
+        """
+        Return the headers that should be used for the redirect request.
+        """
+        headers = Headers(request.headers)
+
+        if not _same_origin(url, request.url):
+            if not _is_https_redirect(request.url, url):
+                # Strip Authorization headers when responses are redirected
+                # away from the origin. (Except for direct HTTP to HTTPS redirects.)
+                headers.pop("Authorization", None)
+
+            # Update the Host header.
+            headers["Host"] = url.netloc.decode("ascii")
+
+        if method != request.method and method == "GET":
+            # If we've switch to a 'GET' request, then strip any headers which
+            # are only relevant to the request body.
+            headers.pop("Content-Length", None)
+            headers.pop("Transfer-Encoding", None)
+
+        # We should use the client cookie store to determine any cookie header,
+        # rather than whatever was on the original outgoing request.
+        headers.pop("Cookie", None)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def _redirect_stream(
+        self, request: Request, method: str
+    ) -> SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream | None:
+        """
+        Return the body that should be used for the redirect request.
+        """
+        if method != request.method and method == "GET":
+            return None
+
+        return request.stream
+
+    def _set_timeout(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        if "timeout" not in request.extensions:
+            timeout = (
+                self.timeout
+                if isinstance(self.timeout, UseClientDefault)
+                else Timeout(self.timeout)
+            )
+            request.extensions = dict(**request.extensions, timeout=timeout.as_dict())
+
+
+class Client(BaseClient):
+    """
+    An HTTP client, with connection pooling, HTTP/2, redirects, cookie persistence, etc.
+
+    It can be shared between threads.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> client = httpx.Client()
+    >>> response = client.get('https://example.org')
+    ```
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in request URLs, as
+    a string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **http2** - *(optional)* A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 support should be
+    enabled. Defaults to `False`.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **limits** - *(optional)* The limits configuration to use.
+    * **max_redirects** - *(optional)* The maximum number of redirect responses
+    that should be followed.
+    * **base_url** - *(optional)* A URL to use as the base when building
+    request URLs.
+    * **transport** - *(optional)* A transport class to use for sending requests
+    over the network.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+    * **default_encoding** - *(optional)* The default encoding to use for decoding
+    response text, if no charset information is included in a response Content-Type
+    header. Set to a callable for automatic character set detection. Default: "utf-8".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        mounts: None | (typing.Mapping[str, BaseTransport | None]) = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: None | (typing.Mapping[str, list[EventHook]]) = None,
+        base_url: URL | str = "",
+        transport: BaseTransport | None = None,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            auth=auth,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            max_redirects=max_redirects,
+            event_hooks=event_hooks,
+            base_url=base_url,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            default_encoding=default_encoding,
+        )
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using http2=True, but the 'h2' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[http2]`."
+                ) from None
+
+        allow_env_proxies = trust_env and transport is None
+        proxy_map = self._get_proxy_map(proxy, allow_env_proxies)
+
+        self._transport = self._init_transport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            transport=transport,
+        )
+        self._mounts: dict[URLPattern, BaseTransport | None] = {
+            URLPattern(key): None
+            if proxy is None
+            else self._init_proxy_transport(
+                proxy,
+                verify=verify,
+                cert=cert,
+                trust_env=trust_env,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                limits=limits,
+            )
+            for key, proxy in proxy_map.items()
+        }
+        if mounts is not None:
+            self._mounts.update(
+                {URLPattern(key): transport for key, transport in mounts.items()}
+            )
+
+        self._mounts = dict(sorted(self._mounts.items()))
+
+    def _init_transport(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        transport: BaseTransport | None = None,
+    ) -> BaseTransport:
+        if transport is not None:
+            return transport
+
+        return HTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+        )
+
+    def _init_proxy_transport(
+        self,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    ) -> BaseTransport:
+        return HTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            proxy=proxy,
+        )
+
+    def _transport_for_url(self, url: URL) -> BaseTransport:
+        """
+        Returns the transport instance that should be used for a given URL.
+        This will either be the standard connection pool, or a proxy.
+        """
+        for pattern, transport in self._mounts.items():
+            if pattern.matches(url):
+                return self._transport if transport is None else transport
+
+        return self._transport
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build and send a request.
+
+        Equivalent to:
+
+        ```python
+        request = client.build_request(...)
+        response = client.send(request, ...)
+        ```
+
+        See `Client.build_request()`, `Client.send()` and
+        [Merging of configuration][0] for how the various parameters
+        are merged with client-level configuration.
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#merging-of-configuration
+        """
+        if cookies is not None:
+            message = (
+                "Setting per-request cookies=<...> is being deprecated, because "
+                "the expected behaviour on cookie persistence is ambiguous. Set "
+                "cookies directly on the client instance instead."
+            )
+            warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        return self.send(request, auth=auth, follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def stream(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[Response]:
+        """
+        Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+        instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+        See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+        [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = self.send(
+            request=request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            stream=True,
+        )
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            response.close()
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request.
+
+        The request is sent as-is, unmodified.
+
+        Typically you'll want to build one with `Client.build_request()`
+        so that any client-level configuration is merged into the request,
+        but passing an explicit `httpx.Request()` is supported as well.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#request-instances
+        """
+        if self._state == ClientState.CLOSED:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot send a request, as the client has been closed.")
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+        follow_redirects = (
+            self.follow_redirects
+            if isinstance(follow_redirects, UseClientDefault)
+            else follow_redirects
+        )
+
+        self._set_timeout(request)
+
+        auth = self._build_request_auth(request, auth)
+
+        response = self._send_handling_auth(
+            request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            history=[],
+        )
+        try:
+            if not stream:
+                response.read()
+
+            return response
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            response.close()
+            raise exc
+
+    def _send_handling_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: Auth,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        auth_flow = auth.sync_auth_flow(request)
+        try:
+            request = next(auth_flow)
+
+            while True:
+                response = self._send_handling_redirects(
+                    request,
+                    follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                    history=history,
+                )
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        next_request = auth_flow.send(response)
+                    except StopIteration:
+                        return response
+
+                    response.history = list(history)
+                    response.read()
+                    request = next_request
+                    history.append(response)
+
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    response.close()
+                    raise exc
+        finally:
+            auth_flow.close()
+
+    def _send_handling_redirects(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        while True:
+            if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    "Exceeded maximum allowed redirects.", request=request
+                )
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["request"]:
+                hook(request)
+
+            response = self._send_single_request(request)
+            try:
+                for hook in self._event_hooks["response"]:
+                    hook(response)
+                response.history = list(history)
+
+                if not response.has_redirect_location:
+                    return response
+
+                request = self._build_redirect_request(request, response)
+                history = history + [response]
+
+                if follow_redirects:
+                    response.read()
+                else:
+                    response.next_request = request
+                    return response
+
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                response.close()
+                raise exc
+
+    def _send_single_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Sends a single request, without handling any redirections.
+        """
+        transport = self._transport_for_url(request.url)
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+
+        if not isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to send an async request with a sync Client instance."
+            )
+
+        with request_context(request=request):
+            response = transport.handle_request(request)
+
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, SyncByteStream)
+
+        response.request = request
+        response.stream = BoundSyncStream(
+            response.stream, response=response, start=start
+        )
+        self.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
+        response.default_encoding = self._default_encoding
+
+        logger.info(
+            'HTTP Request: %s %s "%s %d %s"',
+            request.method,
+            request.url,
+            response.http_version,
+            response.status_code,
+            response.reason_phrase,
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `GET` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "GET",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def options(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "OPTIONS",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def head(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `HEAD` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "HEAD",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def post(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `POST` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PUT` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "PUT",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def patch(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PATCH` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "PATCH",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `DELETE` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return self.request(
+            "DELETE",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close transport and proxies.
+        """
+        if self._state != ClientState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+            self._transport.close()
+            for transport in self._mounts.values():
+                if transport is not None:
+                    transport.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        if self._state != ClientState.UNOPENED:
+            msg = {
+                ClientState.OPENED: "Cannot open a client instance more than once.",
+                ClientState.CLOSED: (
+                    "Cannot reopen a client instance, once it has been closed."
+                ),
+            }[self._state]
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+
+        self._transport.__enter__()
+        for transport in self._mounts.values():
+            if transport is not None:
+                transport.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+        self._transport.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        for transport in self._mounts.values():
+            if transport is not None:
+                transport.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+class AsyncClient(BaseClient):
+    """
+    An asynchronous HTTP client, with connection pooling, HTTP/2, redirects,
+    cookie persistence, etc.
+
+    It can be shared between tasks.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```python
+    >>> async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
+    >>>     response = await client.get('https://example.org')
+    ```
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **auth** - *(optional)* An authentication class to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **params** - *(optional)* Query parameters to include in request URLs, as
+    a string, dictionary, or sequence of two-tuples.
+    * **headers** - *(optional)* Dictionary of HTTP headers to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **cookies** - *(optional)* Dictionary of Cookie items to include when
+    sending requests.
+    * **verify** - *(optional)* Either `True` to use an SSL context with the
+    default CA bundle, `False` to disable verification, or an instance of
+    `ssl.SSLContext` to use a custom context.
+    * **http2** - *(optional)* A boolean indicating if HTTP/2 support should be
+    enabled. Defaults to `False`.
+    * **proxy** - *(optional)* A proxy URL where all the traffic should be routed.
+    * **timeout** - *(optional)* The timeout configuration to use when sending
+    requests.
+    * **limits** - *(optional)* The limits configuration to use.
+    * **max_redirects** - *(optional)* The maximum number of redirect responses
+    that should be followed.
+    * **base_url** - *(optional)* A URL to use as the base when building
+    request URLs.
+    * **transport** - *(optional)* A transport class to use for sending requests
+    over the network.
+    * **trust_env** - *(optional)* Enables or disables usage of environment
+    variables for configuration.
+    * **default_encoding** - *(optional)* The default encoding to use for decoding
+    response text, if no charset information is included in a response Content-Type
+    header. Set to a callable for automatic character set detection. Default: "utf-8".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        auth: AuthTypes | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        mounts: None | (typing.Mapping[str, AsyncBaseTransport | None]) = None,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG,
+        follow_redirects: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        max_redirects: int = DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS,
+        event_hooks: None | (typing.Mapping[str, list[EventHook]]) = None,
+        base_url: URL | str = "",
+        transport: AsyncBaseTransport | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            auth=auth,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            max_redirects=max_redirects,
+            event_hooks=event_hooks,
+            base_url=base_url,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            default_encoding=default_encoding,
+        )
+
+        if http2:
+            try:
+                import h2  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using http2=True, but the 'h2' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[http2]`."
+                ) from None
+
+        allow_env_proxies = trust_env and transport is None
+        proxy_map = self._get_proxy_map(proxy, allow_env_proxies)
+
+        self._transport = self._init_transport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            transport=transport,
+        )
+
+        self._mounts: dict[URLPattern, AsyncBaseTransport | None] = {
+            URLPattern(key): None
+            if proxy is None
+            else self._init_proxy_transport(
+                proxy,
+                verify=verify,
+                cert=cert,
+                trust_env=trust_env,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                limits=limits,
+            )
+            for key, proxy in proxy_map.items()
+        }
+        if mounts is not None:
+            self._mounts.update(
+                {URLPattern(key): transport for key, transport in mounts.items()}
+            )
+        self._mounts = dict(sorted(self._mounts.items()))
+
+    def _init_transport(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        transport: AsyncBaseTransport | None = None,
+    ) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        if transport is not None:
+            return transport
+
+        return AsyncHTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+        )
+
+    def _init_proxy_transport(
+        self,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+    ) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        return AsyncHTTPTransport(
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            trust_env=trust_env,
+            http1=http1,
+            http2=http2,
+            limits=limits,
+            proxy=proxy,
+        )
+
+    def _transport_for_url(self, url: URL) -> AsyncBaseTransport:
+        """
+        Returns the transport instance that should be used for a given URL.
+        This will either be the standard connection pool, or a proxy.
+        """
+        for pattern, transport in self._mounts.items():
+            if pattern.matches(url):
+                return self._transport if transport is None else transport
+
+        return self._transport
+
+    async def request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build and send a request.
+
+        Equivalent to:
+
+        ```python
+        request = client.build_request(...)
+        response = await client.send(request, ...)
+        ```
+
+        See `AsyncClient.build_request()`, `AsyncClient.send()`
+        and [Merging of configuration][0] for how the various parameters
+        are merged with client-level configuration.
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#merging-of-configuration
+        """
+
+        if cookies is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            message = (
+                "Setting per-request cookies=<...> is being deprecated, because "
+                "the expected behaviour on cookie persistence is ambiguous. Set "
+                "cookies directly on the client instance instead."
+            )
+            warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        return await self.send(request, auth=auth, follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def stream(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[Response]:
+        """
+        Alternative to `httpx.request()` that streams the response body
+        instead of loading it into memory at once.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+
+        See also: [Streaming Responses][0]
+
+        [0]: /quickstart#streaming-responses
+        """
+        request = self.build_request(
+            method=method,
+            url=url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+        response = await self.send(
+            request=request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            stream=True,
+        )
+        try:
+            yield response
+        finally:
+            await response.aclose()
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        *,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request.
+
+        The request is sent as-is, unmodified.
+
+        Typically you'll want to build one with `AsyncClient.build_request()`
+        so that any client-level configuration is merged into the request,
+        but passing an explicit `httpx.Request()` is supported as well.
+
+        See also: [Request instances][0]
+
+        [0]: /advanced/clients/#request-instances
+        """
+        if self._state == ClientState.CLOSED:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot send a request, as the client has been closed.")
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+        follow_redirects = (
+            self.follow_redirects
+            if isinstance(follow_redirects, UseClientDefault)
+            else follow_redirects
+        )
+
+        self._set_timeout(request)
+
+        auth = self._build_request_auth(request, auth)
+
+        response = await self._send_handling_auth(
+            request,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            history=[],
+        )
+        try:
+            if not stream:
+                await response.aread()
+
+            return response
+
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            await response.aclose()
+            raise exc
+
+    async def _send_handling_auth(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        auth: Auth,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        auth_flow = auth.async_auth_flow(request)
+        try:
+            request = await auth_flow.__anext__()
+
+            while True:
+                response = await self._send_handling_redirects(
+                    request,
+                    follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                    history=history,
+                )
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        next_request = await auth_flow.asend(response)
+                    except StopAsyncIteration:
+                        return response
+
+                    response.history = list(history)
+                    await response.aread()
+                    request = next_request
+                    history.append(response)
+
+                except BaseException as exc:
+                    await response.aclose()
+                    raise exc
+        finally:
+            await auth_flow.aclose()
+
+    async def _send_handling_redirects(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        follow_redirects: bool,
+        history: list[Response],
+    ) -> Response:
+        while True:
+            if len(history) > self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    "Exceeded maximum allowed redirects.", request=request
+                )
+
+            for hook in self._event_hooks["request"]:
+                await hook(request)
+
+            response = await self._send_single_request(request)
+            try:
+                for hook in self._event_hooks["response"]:
+                    await hook(response)
+
+                response.history = list(history)
+
+                if not response.has_redirect_location:
+                    return response
+
+                request = self._build_redirect_request(request, response)
+                history = history + [response]
+
+                if follow_redirects:
+                    await response.aread()
+                else:
+                    response.next_request = request
+                    return response
+
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                await response.aclose()
+                raise exc
+
+    async def _send_single_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Sends a single request, without handling any redirections.
+        """
+        transport = self._transport_for_url(request.url)
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+
+        if not isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Attempted to send an sync request with an AsyncClient instance."
+            )
+
+        with request_context(request=request):
+            response = await transport.handle_async_request(request)
+
+        assert isinstance(response.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+        response.request = request
+        response.stream = BoundAsyncStream(
+            response.stream, response=response, start=start
+        )
+        self.cookies.extract_cookies(response)
+        response.default_encoding = self._default_encoding
+
+        logger.info(
+            'HTTP Request: %s %s "%s %d %s"',
+            request.method,
+            request.url,
+            response.http_version,
+            response.status_code,
+            response.reason_phrase,
+        )
+
+        return response
+
+    async def get(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault | None = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `GET` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "GET",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def options(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send an `OPTIONS` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "OPTIONS",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def head(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `HEAD` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "HEAD",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def post(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `POST` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "POST",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def put(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PUT` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "PUT",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def patch(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `PATCH` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "PATCH",
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def delete(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: AuthTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UseClientDefault = USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a `DELETE` request.
+
+        **Parameters**: See `httpx.request`.
+        """
+        return await self.request(
+            "DELETE",
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close transport and proxies.
+        """
+        if self._state != ClientState.CLOSED:
+            self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+            await self._transport.aclose()
+            for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+                if proxy is not None:
+                    await proxy.aclose()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: U) -> U:
+        if self._state != ClientState.UNOPENED:
+            msg = {
+                ClientState.OPENED: "Cannot open a client instance more than once.",
+                ClientState.CLOSED: (
+                    "Cannot reopen a client instance, once it has been closed."
+                ),
+            }[self._state]
+            raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+        self._state = ClientState.OPENED
+
+        await self._transport.__aenter__()
+        for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+            if proxy is not None:
+                await proxy.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._state = ClientState.CLOSED
+
+        await self._transport.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        for proxy in self._mounts.values():
+            if proxy is not None:
+                await proxy.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..467a6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import typing
+
+from ._models import Headers
+from ._types import CertTypes, HeaderTypes, TimeoutTypes
+from ._urls import URL
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = ["Limits", "Proxy", "Timeout", "create_ssl_context"]
+
+
+class UnsetType:
+    pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+UNSET = UnsetType()
+
+
+def create_ssl_context(
+    verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+    cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+    trust_env: bool = True,
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    import ssl
+    import warnings
+
+    import certifi
+
+    if verify is True:
+        if trust_env and os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_FILE"):  # pragma: nocover
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=os.environ["SSL_CERT_FILE"])
+        elif trust_env and os.environ.get("SSL_CERT_DIR"):  # pragma: nocover
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(capath=os.environ["SSL_CERT_DIR"])
+        else:
+            # Default case...
+            ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where())
+    elif verify is False:
+        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        ctx.check_hostname = False
+        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+    elif isinstance(verify, str):  # pragma: nocover
+        message = (
+            "`verify=<str>` is deprecated. "
+            "Use `verify=ssl.create_default_context(cafile=...)` "
+            "or `verify=ssl.create_default_context(capath=...)` instead."
+        )
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        if os.path.isdir(verify):
+            return ssl.create_default_context(capath=verify)
+        return ssl.create_default_context(cafile=verify)
+    else:
+        ctx = verify
+
+    if cert:  # pragma: nocover
+        message = (
+            "`cert=...` is deprecated. Use `verify=<ssl_context>` instead,"
+            "with `.load_cert_chain()` to configure the certificate chain."
+        )
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning)
+        if isinstance(cert, str):
+            ctx.load_cert_chain(cert)
+        else:
+            ctx.load_cert_chain(*cert)
+
+    return ctx
+
+
+class Timeout:
+    """
+    Timeout configuration.
+
+    **Usage**:
+
+    Timeout(None)               # No timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0)                # 5s timeout on all operations.
+    Timeout(None, connect=5.0)  # 5s timeout on connect, no other timeouts.
+    Timeout(5.0, connect=10.0)  # 10s timeout on connect. 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    Timeout(5.0, pool=None)     # No timeout on acquiring connection from pool.
+                                # 5s timeout elsewhere.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timeout: TimeoutTypes | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        *,
+        connect: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        read: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        write: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+        pool: None | float | UnsetType = UNSET,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            # Passed as a single explicit Timeout.
+            assert connect is UNSET
+            assert read is UNSET
+            assert write is UNSET
+            assert pool is UNSET
+            self.connect = timeout.connect  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.read = timeout.read  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.write = timeout.write  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+            self.pool = timeout.pool  # type: typing.Optional[float]
+        elif isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            # Passed as a tuple.
+            self.connect = timeout[0]
+            self.read = timeout[1]
+            self.write = None if len(timeout) < 3 else timeout[2]
+            self.pool = None if len(timeout) < 4 else timeout[3]
+        elif not (
+            isinstance(connect, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(read, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(write, UnsetType)
+            or isinstance(pool, UnsetType)
+        ):
+            self.connect = connect
+            self.read = read
+            self.write = write
+            self.pool = pool
+        else:
+            if isinstance(timeout, UnsetType):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "httpx.Timeout must either include a default, or set all "
+                    "four parameters explicitly."
+                )
+            self.connect = timeout if isinstance(connect, UnsetType) else connect
+            self.read = timeout if isinstance(read, UnsetType) else read
+            self.write = timeout if isinstance(write, UnsetType) else write
+            self.pool = timeout if isinstance(pool, UnsetType) else pool
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict[str, float | None]:
+        return {
+            "connect": self.connect,
+            "read": self.read,
+            "write": self.write,
+            "pool": self.pool,
+        }
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.connect == other.connect
+            and self.read == other.read
+            and self.write == other.write
+            and self.pool == other.pool
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        if len({self.connect, self.read, self.write, self.pool}) == 1:
+            return f"{class_name}(timeout={self.connect})"
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(connect={self.connect}, "
+            f"read={self.read}, write={self.write}, pool={self.pool})"
+        )
+
+
+class Limits:
+    """
+    Configuration for limits to various client behaviors.
+
+    **Parameters:**
+
+    * **max_connections** - The maximum number of concurrent connections that may be
+            established.
+    * **max_keepalive_connections** - Allow the connection pool to maintain
+            keep-alive connections below this point. Should be less than or equal
+            to `max_connections`.
+    * **keepalive_expiry** - Time limit on idle keep-alive connections in seconds.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_connections: int | None = None,
+        max_keepalive_connections: int | None = None,
+        keepalive_expiry: float | None = 5.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.max_connections = max_connections
+        self.max_keepalive_connections = max_keepalive_connections
+        self.keepalive_expiry = keepalive_expiry
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+            and self.max_connections == other.max_connections
+            and self.max_keepalive_connections == other.max_keepalive_connections
+            and self.keepalive_expiry == other.keepalive_expiry
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return (
+            f"{class_name}(max_connections={self.max_connections}, "
+            f"max_keepalive_connections={self.max_keepalive_connections}, "
+            f"keepalive_expiry={self.keepalive_expiry})"
+        )
+
+
+class Proxy:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
+        auth: tuple[str, str] | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        url = URL(url)
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        if url.scheme not in ("http", "https", "socks5", "socks5h"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown scheme for proxy URL {url!r}")
+
+        if url.username or url.password:
+            # Remove any auth credentials from the URL.
+            auth = (url.username, url.password)
+            url = url.copy_with(username=None, password=None)
+
+        self.url = url
+        self.auth = auth
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+
+    @property
+    def raw_auth(self) -> tuple[bytes, bytes] | None:
+        # The proxy authentication as raw bytes.
+        return (
+            None
+            if self.auth is None
+            else (self.auth[0].encode("utf-8"), self.auth[1].encode("utf-8"))
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        # The authentication is represented with the password component masked.
+        auth = (self.auth[0], "********") if self.auth else None
+
+        # Build a nice concise representation.
+        url_str = f"{str(self.url)!r}"
+        auth_str = f", auth={auth!r}" if auth else ""
+        headers_str = f", headers={dict(self.headers)!r}" if self.headers else ""
+        return f"Proxy({url_str}{auth_str}{headers_str})"
+
+
+DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_CONFIG = Timeout(timeout=5.0)
+DEFAULT_LIMITS = Limits(max_connections=100, max_keepalive_connections=20)
+DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 20
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_content.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_content.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f479a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_content.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import warnings
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+)
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from ._exceptions import StreamClosed, StreamConsumed
+from ._multipart import MultipartStream
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    ResponseContent,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._utils import peek_filelike_length, primitive_value_to_str
+
+__all__ = ["ByteStream"]
+
+
+class ByteStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, stream: bytes) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield self._stream
+
+
+class IteratorByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 65_536
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isgenerator(stream)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "read"):
+            # File-like interfaces should use 'read' directly.
+            chunk = self._stream.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+            while chunk:
+                yield chunk
+                chunk = self._stream.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise iterate.
+            for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+
+
+class AsyncIteratorByteStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 65_536
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._stream = stream
+        self._is_stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_generator = inspect.isasyncgen(stream)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        if self._is_stream_consumed and self._is_generator:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+
+        self._is_stream_consumed = True
+        if hasattr(self._stream, "aread"):
+            # File-like interfaces should use 'aread' directly.
+            chunk = await self._stream.aread(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+            while chunk:
+                yield chunk
+                chunk = await self._stream.aread(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise iterate.
+            async for part in self._stream:
+                yield part
+
+
+class UnattachedStream(AsyncByteStream, SyncByteStream):
+    """
+    If a request or response is serialized using pickle, then it is no longer
+    attached to a stream for I/O purposes. Any stream operations should result
+    in `httpx.StreamClosed`.
+    """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise StreamClosed()
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def encode_content(
+    content: str | bytes | Iterable[bytes] | AsyncIterable[bytes],
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    if isinstance(content, (bytes, str)):
+        body = content.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(content, str) else content
+        content_length = len(body)
+        headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length)} if body else {}
+        return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+    elif isinstance(content, Iterable) and not isinstance(content, dict):
+        # `not isinstance(content, dict)` is a bit oddly specific, but it
+        # catches a case that's easy for users to make in error, and would
+        # otherwise pass through here, like any other bytes-iterable,
+        # because `dict` happens to be iterable. See issue #2491.
+        content_length_or_none = peek_filelike_length(content)
+
+        if content_length_or_none is None:
+            headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        else:
+            headers = {"Content-Length": str(content_length_or_none)}
+        return headers, IteratorByteStream(content)  # type: ignore
+
+    elif isinstance(content, AsyncIterable):
+        headers = {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked"}
+        return headers, AsyncIteratorByteStream(content)
+
+    raise TypeError(f"Unexpected type for 'content', {type(content)!r}")
+
+
+def encode_urlencoded_data(
+    data: RequestData,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    plain_data = []
+    for key, value in data.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            plain_data.extend([(key, primitive_value_to_str(item)) for item in value])
+        else:
+            plain_data.append((key, primitive_value_to_str(value)))
+    body = urlencode(plain_data, doseq=True).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_data(
+    data: RequestData, files: RequestFiles, boundary: bytes | None
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], MultipartStream]:
+    multipart = MultipartStream(data=data, files=files, boundary=boundary)
+    headers = multipart.get_headers()
+    return headers, multipart
+
+
+def encode_text(text: str) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = text.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_html(html: str) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = html.encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_json(json: Any) -> tuple[dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+    body = json_dumps(
+        json, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"), allow_nan=False
+    ).encode("utf-8")
+    content_length = str(len(body))
+    content_type = "application/json"
+    headers = {"Content-Length": content_length, "Content-Type": content_type}
+    return headers, ByteStream(body)
+
+
+def encode_request(
+    content: RequestContent | None = None,
+    data: RequestData | None = None,
+    files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+    json: Any | None = None,
+    boundary: bytes | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, `data`, `files`, and `json`,
+    returning a two-tuple of (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if data is not None and not isinstance(data, Mapping):
+        # We prefer to separate `content=<bytes|str|byte iterator|bytes aiterator>`
+        # for raw request content, and `data=<form data>` for url encoded or
+        # multipart form content.
+        #
+        # However for compat with requests, we *do* still support
+        # `data=<bytes...>` usages. We deal with that case here, treating it
+        # as if `content=<...>` had been supplied instead.
+        message = "Use 'content=<...>' to upload raw bytes/text content."
+        warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return encode_content(data)
+
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif files:
+        return encode_multipart_data(data or {}, files, boundary)
+    elif data:
+        return encode_urlencoded_data(data)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
+
+
+def encode_response(
+    content: ResponseContent | None = None,
+    text: str | None = None,
+    html: str | None = None,
+    json: Any | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str], SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream]:
+    """
+    Handles encoding the given `content`, returning a two-tuple of
+    (<headers>, <stream>).
+    """
+    if content is not None:
+        return encode_content(content)
+    elif text is not None:
+        return encode_text(text)
+    elif html is not None:
+        return encode_html(html)
+    elif json is not None:
+        return encode_json(json)
+
+    return {}, ByteStream(b"")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..899dfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+"""
+Handlers for Content-Encoding.
+
+See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Encoding
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import io
+import typing
+import zlib
+
+from ._exceptions import DecodingError
+
+# Brotli support is optional
+try:
+    # The C bindings in `brotli` are recommended for CPython.
+    import brotli
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        # The CFFI bindings in `brotlicffi` are recommended for PyPy
+        # and other environments.
+        import brotlicffi as brotli
+    except ImportError:
+        brotli = None
+
+
+# Zstandard support is optional
+try:
+    import zstandard
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    zstandard = None  # type: ignore
+
+
+class ContentDecoder:
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class IdentityDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle unencoded data.
+    """
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        return b""
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'deflate' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.first_attempt = True
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        was_first_attempt = self.first_attempt
+        self.first_attempt = False
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            if was_first_attempt:
+                self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+                return self.decode(data)
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class GZipDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'gzip' decoding.
+
+    See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838699
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj(zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.decompress(data)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.decompressor.flush()
+        except zlib.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class BrotliDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'brotli' decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install brotlipy`. See: https://brotlipy.readthedocs.io/
+        or   `pip install brotli`. See https://github.com/google/brotli
+    Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages since they share an import
+    name. The top branches are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if brotli is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'BrotliDecoder', but neither of the 'brotlicffi' or 'brotli' "
+                "packages have been installed. "
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[brotli]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = brotli.Decompressor()
+        self.seen_data = False
+        self._decompress: typing.Callable[[bytes], bytes]
+        if hasattr(self.decompressor, "decompress"):
+            # The 'brotlicffi' package.
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.decompress  # pragma: no cover
+        else:
+            # The 'brotli' package.
+            self._decompress = self.decompressor.process  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        if not data:
+            return b""
+        self.seen_data = True
+        try:
+            return self._decompress(data)
+        except brotli.error as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        try:
+            if hasattr(self.decompressor, "finish"):
+                # Only available in the 'brotlicffi' package.
+
+                # As the decompressor decompresses eagerly, this
+                # will never actually emit any data. However, it will potentially throw
+                # errors if a truncated or damaged data stream has been used.
+                self.decompressor.finish()  # pragma: no cover
+            return b""
+        except brotli.error as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+class ZStandardDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle 'zstd' RFC 8878 decoding.
+
+    Requires `pip install zstandard`.
+    Can be installed as a dependency of httpx using `pip install httpx[zstd]`.
+    """
+
+    # inspired by the ZstdDecoder implementation in urllib3
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if zstandard is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Using 'ZStandardDecoder', ..."
+                "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[zstd]`."
+            ) from None
+
+        self.decompressor = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor().decompressobj()
+        self.seen_data = False
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        assert zstandard is not None
+        self.seen_data = True
+        output = io.BytesIO()
+        try:
+            output.write(self.decompressor.decompress(data))
+            while self.decompressor.eof and self.decompressor.unused_data:
+                unused_data = self.decompressor.unused_data
+                self.decompressor = zstandard.ZstdDecompressor().decompressobj()
+                output.write(self.decompressor.decompress(unused_data))
+        except zstandard.ZstdError as exc:
+            raise DecodingError(str(exc)) from exc
+        return output.getvalue()
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        if not self.seen_data:
+            return b""
+        ret = self.decompressor.flush()  # note: this is a no-op
+        if not self.decompressor.eof:
+            raise DecodingError("Zstandard data is incomplete")  # pragma: no cover
+        return bytes(ret)
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(ContentDecoder):
+    """
+    Handle the case where multiple encodings have been applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, children: typing.Sequence[ContentDecoder]) -> None:
+        """
+        'children' should be a sequence of decoders in the order in which
+        each was applied.
+        """
+        # Note that we reverse the order for decoding.
+        self.children = list(reversed(children))
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data)
+        return data
+
+    def flush(self) -> bytes:
+        data = b""
+        for child in self.children:
+            data = child.decode(data) + child.flush()
+        return data
+
+
+class ByteChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning byte content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content] if content else []
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextChunker:
+    """
+    Handles returning text content in fixed-size chunks.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> None:
+        self._buffer = io.StringIO()
+        self._chunk_size = chunk_size
+
+    def decode(self, content: str) -> list[str]:
+        if self._chunk_size is None:
+            return [content] if content else []
+
+        self._buffer.write(content)
+        if self._buffer.tell() >= self._chunk_size:
+            value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            chunks = [
+                value[i : i + self._chunk_size]
+                for i in range(0, len(value), self._chunk_size)
+            ]
+            if len(chunks[-1]) == self._chunk_size:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks
+            else:
+                self._buffer.seek(0)
+                self._buffer.write(chunks[-1])
+                self._buffer.truncate()
+                return chunks[:-1]
+        else:
+            return []
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[str]:
+        value = self._buffer.getvalue()
+        self._buffer.seek(0)
+        self._buffer.truncate()
+        return [value] if value else []
+
+
+class TextDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally decoding bytes into text
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> None:
+        self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)(errors="replace")
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes) -> str:
+        return self.decoder.decode(data)
+
+    def flush(self) -> str:
+        return self.decoder.decode(b"", True)
+
+
+class LineDecoder:
+    """
+    Handles incrementally reading lines from text.
+
+    Has the same behaviour as the stdllib splitlines,
+    but handling the input iteratively.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.buffer: list[str] = []
+        self.trailing_cr: bool = False
+
+    def decode(self, text: str) -> list[str]:
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.splitlines
+        NEWLINE_CHARS = "\n\r\x0b\x0c\x1c\x1d\x1e\x85\u2028\u2029"
+
+        # We always push a trailing `\r` into the next decode iteration.
+        if self.trailing_cr:
+            text = "\r" + text
+            self.trailing_cr = False
+        if text.endswith("\r"):
+            self.trailing_cr = True
+            text = text[:-1]
+
+        if not text:
+            # NOTE: the edge case input of empty text doesn't occur in practice,
+            # because other httpx internals filter out this value
+            return []  # pragma: no cover
+
+        trailing_newline = text[-1] in NEWLINE_CHARS
+        lines = text.splitlines()
+
+        if len(lines) == 1 and not trailing_newline:
+            # No new lines, buffer the input and continue.
+            self.buffer.append(lines[0])
+            return []
+
+        if self.buffer:
+            # Include any existing buffer in the first portion of the
+            # splitlines result.
+            lines = ["".join(self.buffer) + lines[0]] + lines[1:]
+            self.buffer = []
+
+        if not trailing_newline:
+            # If the last segment of splitlines is not newline terminated,
+            # then drop it from our output and start a new buffer.
+            self.buffer = [lines.pop()]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def flush(self) -> list[str]:
+        if not self.buffer and not self.trailing_cr:
+            return []
+
+        lines = ["".join(self.buffer)]
+        self.buffer = []
+        self.trailing_cr = False
+        return lines
+
+
+SUPPORTED_DECODERS = {
+    "identity": IdentityDecoder,
+    "gzip": GZipDecoder,
+    "deflate": DeflateDecoder,
+    "br": BrotliDecoder,
+    "zstd": ZStandardDecoder,
+}
+
+
+if brotli is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("br")  # pragma: no cover
+if zstandard is None:
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS.pop("zstd")  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77f45a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+"""
+Our exception hierarchy:
+
+* HTTPError
+  x RequestError
+    + TransportError
+      - TimeoutException
+        · ConnectTimeout
+        · ReadTimeout
+        · WriteTimeout
+        · PoolTimeout
+      - NetworkError
+        · ConnectError
+        · ReadError
+        · WriteError
+        · CloseError
+      - ProtocolError
+        · LocalProtocolError
+        · RemoteProtocolError
+      - ProxyError
+      - UnsupportedProtocol
+    + DecodingError
+    + TooManyRedirects
+  x HTTPStatusError
+* InvalidURL
+* CookieConflict
+* StreamError
+  x StreamConsumed
+  x StreamClosed
+  x ResponseNotRead
+  x RequestNotRead
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._models import Request, Response  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CloseError",
+    "ConnectError",
+    "ConnectTimeout",
+    "CookieConflict",
+    "DecodingError",
+    "HTTPError",
+    "HTTPStatusError",
+    "InvalidURL",
+    "LocalProtocolError",
+    "NetworkError",
+    "PoolTimeout",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "ReadError",
+    "ReadTimeout",
+    "RemoteProtocolError",
+    "RequestError",
+    "RequestNotRead",
+    "ResponseNotRead",
+    "StreamClosed",
+    "StreamConsumed",
+    "StreamError",
+    "TimeoutException",
+    "TooManyRedirects",
+    "TransportError",
+    "UnsupportedProtocol",
+    "WriteError",
+    "WriteTimeout",
+]
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """
+    Base class for `RequestError` and `HTTPStatusError`.
+
+    Useful for `try...except` blocks when issuing a request,
+    and then calling `.raise_for_status()`.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```
+    try:
+        response = httpx.get("https://www.example.com")
+        response.raise_for_status()
+    except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
+        print(f"HTTP Exception for {exc.request.url} - {exc}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self._request: Request | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> Request:
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("The .request property has not been set.")
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class RequestError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that may occur when issuing a `.request()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: Request | None = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        # At the point an exception is raised we won't typically have a request
+        # instance to associate it with.
+        #
+        # The 'request_context' context manager is used within the Client and
+        # Response methods in order to ensure that any raised exceptions
+        # have a `.request` property set on them.
+        self._request = request
+
+
+class TransportError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions that occur at the level of the Transport API.
+    """
+
+
+# Timeout exceptions...
+
+
+class TimeoutException(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for timeout errors.
+
+    An operation has timed out.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while connecting to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while receiving data from the host.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out while sending data to the host.
+    """
+
+
+class PoolTimeout(TimeoutException):
+    """
+    Timed out waiting to acquire a connection from the pool.
+    """
+
+
+# Core networking exceptions...
+
+
+class NetworkError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The base class for network-related errors.
+
+    An error occurred while interacting with the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to receive data from the network.
+    """
+
+
+class WriteError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to send data through the network.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to establish a connection.
+    """
+
+
+class CloseError(NetworkError):
+    """
+    Failed to close a connection.
+    """
+
+
+# Other transport exceptions...
+
+
+class ProxyError(TransportError):
+    """
+    An error occurred while establishing a proxy connection.
+    """
+
+
+class UnsupportedProtocol(TransportError):
+    """
+    Attempted to make a request to an unsupported protocol.
+
+    For example issuing a request to `ftp://www.example.com`.
+    """
+
+
+class ProtocolError(TransportError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated.
+    """
+
+
+class LocalProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    A protocol was violated by the client.
+
+    For example if the user instantiated a `Request` instance explicitly,
+    failed to include the mandatory `Host:` header, and then issued it directly
+    using `client.send()`.
+    """
+
+
+class RemoteProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    The protocol was violated by the server.
+
+    For example, returning malformed HTTP.
+    """
+
+
+# Other request exceptions...
+
+
+class DecodingError(RequestError):
+    """
+    Decoding of the response failed, due to a malformed encoding.
+    """
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestError):
+    """
+    Too many redirects.
+    """
+
+
+# Client errors
+
+
+class HTTPStatusError(HTTPError):
+    """
+    The response had an error HTTP status of 4xx or 5xx.
+
+    May be raised when calling `response.raise_for_status()`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, request: Request, response: Response) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.request = request
+        self.response = response
+
+
+class InvalidURL(Exception):
+    """
+    URL is improperly formed or cannot be parsed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class CookieConflict(Exception):
+    """
+    Attempted to lookup a cookie by name, but multiple cookies existed.
+
+    Can occur when calling `response.cookies.get(...)`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+# Stream exceptions...
+
+# These may occur as the result of a programming error, by accessing
+# the request/response stream in an invalid manner.
+
+
+class StreamError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    The base class for stream exceptions.
+
+    The developer made an error in accessing the request stream in
+    an invalid way.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamConsumed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream content, but the content has already
+    been streamed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream some content, but the content has "
+            "already been streamed. For requests, this could be due to passing "
+            "a generator as request content, and then receiving a redirect "
+            "response or a secondary request as part of an authentication flow."
+            "For responses, this could be due to attempting to stream the response "
+            "content more than once."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class StreamClosed(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to read or stream response content, but the request has been
+    closed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to read or stream content, but the stream has " "been closed."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class ResponseNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming response content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to access streaming response content,"
+            " without having called `read()`."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+class RequestNotRead(StreamError):
+    """
+    Attempted to access streaming request content, without having called `read()`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        message = (
+            "Attempted to access streaming request content,"
+            " without having called `read()`."
+        )
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def request_context(
+    request: Request | None = None,
+) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    """
+    A context manager that can be used to attach the given request context
+    to any `RequestError` exceptions that are raised within the block.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        if request is not None:
+            exc.request = request
+        raise exc
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cffa4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import json
+import sys
+import typing
+
+import click
+import pygments.lexers
+import pygments.util
+import rich.console
+import rich.markup
+import rich.progress
+import rich.syntax
+import rich.table
+
+from ._client import Client
+from ._exceptions import RequestError
+from ._models import Response
+from ._status_codes import codes
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import httpcore  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def print_help() -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+
+    console.print("[bold]HTTPX :butterfly:", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+    console.print("A next generation HTTP client.", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+    console.print(
+        "Usage: [bold]httpx[/bold] [cyan]<URL> [OPTIONS][/cyan] ", justify="left"
+    )
+    console.print()
+
+    table = rich.table.Table.grid(padding=1, pad_edge=True)
+    table.add_column("Parameter", no_wrap=True, justify="left", style="bold")
+    table.add_column("Description")
+    table.add_row(
+        "-m, --method [cyan]METHOD",
+        "Request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, HEAD.\n"
+        "[Default: GET, or POST if a request body is included]",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-p, --params [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...",
+        "Query parameters to include in the request URL.",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-c, --content [cyan]TEXT", "Byte content to include in the request body."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-d, --data [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...", "Form data to include in the request body."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "-f, --files [cyan]<NAME FILENAME> ...",
+        "Form files to include in the request body.",
+    )
+    table.add_row("-j, --json [cyan]TEXT", "JSON data to include in the request body.")
+    table.add_row(
+        "-h, --headers [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...",
+        "Include additional HTTP headers in the request.",
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "--cookies [cyan]<NAME VALUE> ...", "Cookies to include in the request."
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "--auth [cyan]<USER PASS>",
+        "Username and password to include in the request. Specify '-' for the password"
+        " to use a password prompt. Note that using --verbose/-v will expose"
+        " the Authorization header, including the password encoding"
+        " in a trivially reversible format.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--proxy [cyan]URL",
+        "Send the request via a proxy. Should be the URL giving the proxy address.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--timeout [cyan]FLOAT",
+        "Timeout value to use for network operations, such as establishing the"
+        " connection, reading some data, etc... [Default: 5.0]",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("--follow-redirects", "Automatically follow redirects.")
+    table.add_row("--no-verify", "Disable SSL verification.")
+    table.add_row(
+        "--http2", "Send the request using HTTP/2, if the remote server supports it."
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "--download [cyan]FILE",
+        "Save the response content as a file, rather than displaying it.",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("-v, --verbose", "Verbose output. Show request as well as response.")
+    table.add_row("--help", "Show this message and exit.")
+    console.print(table)
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_response(response: Response) -> str:
+    content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type")
+    if content_type is not None:
+        mime_type, _, _ = content_type.partition(";")
+        try:
+            return typing.cast(
+                str, pygments.lexers.get_lexer_for_mimetype(mime_type.strip()).name
+            )
+        except pygments.util.ClassNotFound:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+    return ""  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def format_request_headers(request: httpcore.Request, http2: bool = False) -> str:
+    version = "HTTP/2" if http2 else "HTTP/1.1"
+    headers = [
+        (name.lower() if http2 else name, value) for name, value in request.headers
+    ]
+    method = request.method.decode("ascii")
+    target = request.url.target.decode("ascii")
+    lines = [f"{method} {target} {version}"] + [
+        f"{name.decode('ascii')}: {value.decode('ascii')}" for name, value in headers
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def format_response_headers(
+    http_version: bytes,
+    status: int,
+    reason_phrase: bytes | None,
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+) -> str:
+    version = http_version.decode("ascii")
+    reason = (
+        codes.get_reason_phrase(status)
+        if reason_phrase is None
+        else reason_phrase.decode("ascii")
+    )
+    lines = [f"{version} {status} {reason}"] + [
+        f"{name.decode('ascii')}: {value.decode('ascii')}" for name, value in headers
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def print_request_headers(request: httpcore.Request, http2: bool = False) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    http_text = format_request_headers(request, http2=http2)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(http_text, "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax("", "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+
+
+def print_response_headers(
+    http_version: bytes,
+    status: int,
+    reason_phrase: bytes | None,
+    headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    http_text = format_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(http_text, "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+    syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax("", "http", theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+    console.print(syntax)
+
+
+def print_response(response: Response) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    lexer_name = get_lexer_for_response(response)
+    if lexer_name:
+        if lexer_name.lower() == "json":
+            try:
+                data = response.json()
+                text = json.dumps(data, indent=4)
+            except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover
+                text = response.text
+        else:
+            text = response.text
+
+        syntax = rich.syntax.Syntax(text, lexer_name, theme="ansi_dark", word_wrap=True)
+        console.print(syntax)
+    else:
+        console.print(f"<{len(response.content)} bytes of binary data>")
+
+
+_PCTRTT = typing.Tuple[typing.Tuple[str, str], ...]
+_PCTRTTT = typing.Tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
+_PeerCertRetDictType = typing.Dict[str, typing.Union[str, _PCTRTTT, _PCTRTT]]
+
+
+def format_certificate(cert: _PeerCertRetDictType) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+    lines = []
+    for key, value in cert.items():
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            lines.append(f"*   {key}:")
+            for item in value:
+                if key in ("subject", "issuer"):
+                    for sub_item in item:
+                        lines.append(f"*     {sub_item[0]}: {sub_item[1]!r}")
+                elif isinstance(item, tuple) and len(item) == 2:
+                    lines.append(f"*     {item[0]}: {item[1]!r}")
+                else:
+                    lines.append(f"*     {item!r}")
+        else:
+            lines.append(f"*   {key}: {value!r}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def trace(
+    name: str, info: typing.Mapping[str, typing.Any], verbose: bool = False
+) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    if name == "connection.connect_tcp.started" and verbose:
+        host = info["host"]
+        console.print(f"* Connecting to {host!r}")
+    elif name == "connection.connect_tcp.complete" and verbose:
+        stream = info["return_value"]
+        server_addr = stream.get_extra_info("server_addr")
+        console.print(f"* Connected to {server_addr[0]!r} on port {server_addr[1]}")
+    elif name == "connection.start_tls.complete" and verbose:  # pragma: no cover
+        stream = info["return_value"]
+        ssl_object = stream.get_extra_info("ssl_object")
+        version = ssl_object.version()
+        cipher = ssl_object.cipher()
+        server_cert = ssl_object.getpeercert()
+        alpn = ssl_object.selected_alpn_protocol()
+        console.print(f"* SSL established using {version!r} / {cipher[0]!r}")
+        console.print(f"* Selected ALPN protocol: {alpn!r}")
+        if server_cert:
+            console.print("* Server certificate:")
+            console.print(format_certificate(server_cert))
+    elif name == "http11.send_request_headers.started" and verbose:
+        request = info["request"]
+        print_request_headers(request, http2=False)
+    elif name == "http2.send_request_headers.started" and verbose:  # pragma: no cover
+        request = info["request"]
+        print_request_headers(request, http2=True)
+    elif name == "http11.receive_response_headers.complete":
+        http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers = info["return_value"]
+        print_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+    elif name == "http2.receive_response_headers.complete":  # pragma: no cover
+        status, headers = info["return_value"]
+        http_version = b"HTTP/2"
+        reason_phrase = None
+        print_response_headers(http_version, status, reason_phrase, headers)
+
+
+def download_response(response: Response, download: typing.BinaryIO) -> None:
+    console = rich.console.Console()
+    console.print()
+    content_length = response.headers.get("Content-Length")
+    with rich.progress.Progress(
+        "[progress.description]{task.description}",
+        "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%",
+        rich.progress.BarColumn(bar_width=None),
+        rich.progress.DownloadColumn(),
+        rich.progress.TransferSpeedColumn(),
+    ) as progress:
+        description = f"Downloading [bold]{rich.markup.escape(download.name)}"
+        download_task = progress.add_task(
+            description,
+            total=int(content_length or 0),
+            start=content_length is not None,
+        )
+        for chunk in response.iter_bytes():
+            download.write(chunk)
+            progress.update(download_task, completed=response.num_bytes_downloaded)
+
+
+def validate_json(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> typing.Any:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        return json.loads(value)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise click.BadParameter("Not valid JSON")
+
+
+def validate_auth(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> typing.Any:
+    if value == (None, None):
+        return None
+
+    username, password = value
+    if password == "-":  # pragma: no cover
+        password = click.prompt("Password", hide_input=True)
+    return (username, password)
+
+
+def handle_help(
+    ctx: click.Context,
+    param: click.Option | click.Parameter,
+    value: typing.Any,
+) -> None:
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+
+    print_help()
+    ctx.exit()
+
+
+@click.command(add_help_option=False)
+@click.argument("url", type=str)
+@click.option(
+    "--method",
+    "-m",
+    "method",
+    type=str,
+    help=(
+        "Request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, HEAD. "
+        "[Default: GET, or POST if a request body is included]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--params",
+    "-p",
+    "params",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Query parameters to include in the request URL.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--content",
+    "-c",
+    "content",
+    type=str,
+    help="Byte content to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--data",
+    "-d",
+    "data",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Form data to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--files",
+    "-f",
+    "files",
+    type=(str, click.File(mode="rb")),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Form files to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--json",
+    "-j",
+    "json",
+    type=str,
+    callback=validate_json,
+    help="JSON data to include in the request body.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--headers",
+    "-h",
+    "headers",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Include additional HTTP headers in the request.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--cookies",
+    "cookies",
+    type=(str, str),
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Cookies to include in the request.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--auth",
+    "auth",
+    type=(str, str),
+    default=(None, None),
+    callback=validate_auth,
+    help=(
+        "Username and password to include in the request. "
+        "Specify '-' for the password to use a password prompt. "
+        "Note that using --verbose/-v will expose the Authorization header, "
+        "including the password encoding in a trivially reversible format."
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--proxy",
+    "proxy",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Send the request via a proxy. Should be the URL giving the proxy address.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout",
+    "timeout",
+    type=float,
+    default=5.0,
+    help=(
+        "Timeout value to use for network operations, such as establishing the "
+        "connection, reading some data, etc... [Default: 5.0]"
+    ),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--follow-redirects",
+    "follow_redirects",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Automatically follow redirects.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--no-verify",
+    "verify",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Disable SSL verification.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--http2",
+    "http2",
+    type=bool,
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Send the request using HTTP/2, if the remote server supports it.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--download",
+    type=click.File("wb"),
+    help="Save the response content as a file, rather than displaying it.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--verbose",
+    "-v",
+    type=bool,
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Verbose. Show request as well as response.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--help",
+    is_flag=True,
+    is_eager=True,
+    expose_value=False,
+    callback=handle_help,
+    help="Show this message and exit.",
+)
+def main(
+    url: str,
+    method: str,
+    params: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    content: str,
+    data: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    files: list[tuple[str, click.File]],
+    json: str,
+    headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    cookies: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    auth: tuple[str, str] | None,
+    proxy: str,
+    timeout: float,
+    follow_redirects: bool,
+    verify: bool,
+    http2: bool,
+    download: typing.BinaryIO | None,
+    verbose: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    An HTTP command line client.
+    Sends a request and displays the response.
+    """
+    if not method:
+        method = "POST" if content or data or files or json else "GET"
+
+    try:
+        with Client(proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout, http2=http2, verify=verify) as client:
+            with client.stream(
+                method,
+                url,
+                params=list(params),
+                content=content,
+                data=dict(data),
+                files=files,  # type: ignore
+                json=json,
+                headers=headers,
+                cookies=dict(cookies),
+                auth=auth,
+                follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+                extensions={"trace": functools.partial(trace, verbose=verbose)},
+            ) as response:
+                if download is not None:
+                    download_response(response, download)
+                else:
+                    response.read()
+                    if response.content:
+                        print_response(response)
+
+    except RequestError as exc:
+        console = rich.console.Console()
+        console.print(f"[red]{type(exc).__name__}[/red]: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    sys.exit(0 if response.is_success else 1)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67d74bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import datetime
+import email.message
+import json as jsonlib
+import re
+import typing
+import urllib.request
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from http.cookiejar import Cookie, CookieJar
+
+from ._content import ByteStream, UnattachedStream, encode_request, encode_response
+from ._decoders import (
+    SUPPORTED_DECODERS,
+    ByteChunker,
+    ContentDecoder,
+    IdentityDecoder,
+    LineDecoder,
+    MultiDecoder,
+    TextChunker,
+    TextDecoder,
+)
+from ._exceptions import (
+    CookieConflict,
+    HTTPStatusError,
+    RequestNotRead,
+    ResponseNotRead,
+    StreamClosed,
+    StreamConsumed,
+    request_context,
+)
+from ._multipart import get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type
+from ._status_codes import codes
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    CookieTypes,
+    HeaderTypes,
+    QueryParamTypes,
+    RequestContent,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestExtensions,
+    RequestFiles,
+    ResponseContent,
+    ResponseExtensions,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._urls import URL
+from ._utils import to_bytes_or_str, to_str
+
+__all__ = ["Cookies", "Headers", "Request", "Response"]
+
+SENSITIVE_HEADERS = {"authorization", "proxy-authorization"}
+
+
+def _is_known_encoding(encoding: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return `True` if `encoding` is a known codec.
+    """
+    try:
+        codecs.lookup(encoding)
+    except LookupError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def _normalize_header_key(key: str | bytes, encoding: str | None = None) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Coerce str/bytes into a strictly byte-wise HTTP header key.
+    """
+    return key if isinstance(key, bytes) else key.encode(encoding or "ascii")
+
+
+def _normalize_header_value(value: str | bytes, encoding: str | None = None) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Coerce str/bytes into a strictly byte-wise HTTP header value.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return value
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        raise TypeError(f"Header value must be str or bytes, not {type(value)}")
+    return value.encode(encoding or "ascii")
+
+
+def _parse_content_type_charset(content_type: str) -> str | None:
+    # We used to use `cgi.parse_header()` here, but `cgi` became a dead battery.
+    # See: https://peps.python.org/pep-0594/#cgi
+    msg = email.message.Message()
+    msg["content-type"] = content_type
+    return msg.get_content_charset(failobj=None)
+
+
+def _parse_header_links(value: str) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    """
+    Returns a list of parsed link headers, for more info see:
+    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Link
+    The generic syntax of those is:
+    Link: < uri-reference >; param1=value1; param2="value2"
+    So for instance:
+    Link; '<http:/.../front.jpeg>; type="image/jpeg",<http://.../back.jpeg>;'
+    would return
+        [
+            {"url": "http:/.../front.jpeg", "type": "image/jpeg"},
+            {"url": "http://.../back.jpeg"},
+        ]
+    :param value: HTTP Link entity-header field
+    :return: list of parsed link headers
+    """
+    links: list[dict[str, str]] = []
+    replace_chars = " '\""
+    value = value.strip(replace_chars)
+    if not value:
+        return links
+    for val in re.split(", *<", value):
+        try:
+            url, params = val.split(";", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            url, params = val, ""
+        link = {"url": url.strip("<> '\"")}
+        for param in params.split(";"):
+            try:
+                key, value = param.split("=")
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+            link[key.strip(replace_chars)] = value.strip(replace_chars)
+        links.append(link)
+    return links
+
+
+def _obfuscate_sensitive_headers(
+    items: typing.Iterable[tuple[typing.AnyStr, typing.AnyStr]],
+) -> typing.Iterator[tuple[typing.AnyStr, typing.AnyStr]]:
+    for k, v in items:
+        if to_str(k.lower()) in SENSITIVE_HEADERS:
+            v = to_bytes_or_str("[secure]", match_type_of=v)
+        yield k, v
+
+
+class Headers(typing.MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    HTTP headers, as a case-insensitive multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        encoding: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._list = []  # type: typing.List[typing.Tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]]
+
+        if isinstance(headers, Headers):
+            self._list = list(headers._list)
+        elif isinstance(headers, Mapping):
+            for k, v in headers.items():
+                bytes_key = _normalize_header_key(k, encoding)
+                bytes_value = _normalize_header_value(v, encoding)
+                self._list.append((bytes_key, bytes_key.lower(), bytes_value))
+        elif headers is not None:
+            for k, v in headers:
+                bytes_key = _normalize_header_key(k, encoding)
+                bytes_value = _normalize_header_value(v, encoding)
+                self._list.append((bytes_key, bytes_key.lower(), bytes_value))
+
+        self._encoding = encoding
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Header encoding is mandated as ascii, but we allow fallbacks to utf-8
+        or iso-8859-1.
+        """
+        if self._encoding is None:
+            for encoding in ["ascii", "utf-8"]:
+                for key, value in self.raw:
+                    try:
+                        key.decode(encoding)
+                        value.decode(encoding)
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # The else block runs if 'break' did not occur, meaning
+                    # all values fitted the encoding.
+                    self._encoding = encoding
+                    break
+            else:
+                # The ISO-8859-1 encoding covers all 256 code points in a byte,
+                # so will never raise decode errors.
+                self._encoding = "iso-8859-1"
+        return self._encoding
+
+    @encoding.setter
+    def encoding(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._encoding = value
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        """
+        Returns a list of the raw header items, as byte pairs.
+        """
+        return [(raw_key, value) for raw_key, _, value in self._list]
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
+        return {key.decode(self.encoding): None for _, key, value in self._list}.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
+        values_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for _, key, value in self._list:
+            str_key = key.decode(self.encoding)
+            str_value = value.decode(self.encoding)
+            if str_key in values_dict:
+                values_dict[str_key] += f", {str_value}"
+            else:
+                values_dict[str_key] = str_value
+        return values_dict.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return `(key, value)` items of headers. Concatenate headers
+        into a single comma separated value when a key occurs multiple times.
+        """
+        values_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+        for _, key, value in self._list:
+            str_key = key.decode(self.encoding)
+            str_value = value.decode(self.encoding)
+            if str_key in values_dict:
+                values_dict[str_key] += f", {str_value}"
+            else:
+                values_dict[str_key] = str_value
+        return values_dict.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return a list of `(key, value)` pairs of headers. Allow multiple
+        occurrences of the same key without concatenating into a single
+        comma separated value.
+        """
+        return [
+            (key.decode(self.encoding), value.decode(self.encoding))
+            for _, key, value in self._list
+        ]
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Return a header value. If multiple occurrences of the header occur
+        then concatenate them together with commas.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str, split_commas: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Return a list of all header values for a given key.
+        If `split_commas=True` is passed, then any comma separated header
+        values are split into multiple return strings.
+        """
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        values = [
+            item_value.decode(self.encoding)
+            for _, item_key, item_value in self._list
+            if item_key.lower() == get_header_key
+        ]
+
+        if not split_commas:
+            return values
+
+        split_values = []
+        for value in values:
+            split_values.extend([item.strip() for item in value.split(",")])
+        return split_values
+
+    def update(self, headers: HeaderTypes | None = None) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        headers = Headers(headers)
+        for key in headers.keys():
+            if key in self:
+                self.pop(key)
+        self._list.extend(headers._list)
+
+    def copy(self) -> Headers:
+        return Headers(self, encoding=self.encoding)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single header value.
+
+        If there are multiple headers with the same key, then we concatenate
+        them with commas. See: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.2
+        """
+        normalized_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        items = [
+            header_value.decode(self.encoding)
+            for _, header_key, header_value in self._list
+            if header_key == normalized_key
+        ]
+
+        if items:
+            return ", ".join(items)
+
+        raise KeyError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the header `key` to `value`, removing any duplicate entries.
+        Retains insertion order.
+        """
+        set_key = key.encode(self._encoding or "utf-8")
+        set_value = value.encode(self._encoding or "utf-8")
+        lookup_key = set_key.lower()
+
+        found_indexes = [
+            idx
+            for idx, (_, item_key, _) in enumerate(self._list)
+            if item_key == lookup_key
+        ]
+
+        for idx in reversed(found_indexes[1:]):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+        if found_indexes:
+            idx = found_indexes[0]
+            self._list[idx] = (set_key, lookup_key, set_value)
+        else:
+            self._list.append((set_key, lookup_key, set_value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove the header `key`.
+        """
+        del_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+
+        pop_indexes = [
+            idx
+            for idx, (_, item_key, _) in enumerate(self._list)
+            if item_key.lower() == del_key
+        ]
+
+        if not pop_indexes:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        for idx in reversed(pop_indexes):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        header_key = key.lower().encode(self.encoding)
+        return header_key in [key for _, key, _ in self._list]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._list)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        try:
+            other_headers = Headers(other)
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        self_list = [(key, value) for _, key, value in self._list]
+        other_list = [(key, value) for _, key, value in other_headers._list]
+        return sorted(self_list) == sorted(other_list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+
+        encoding_str = ""
+        if self.encoding != "ascii":
+            encoding_str = f", encoding={self.encoding!r}"
+
+        as_list = list(_obfuscate_sensitive_headers(self.multi_items()))
+        as_dict = dict(as_list)
+
+        no_duplicate_keys = len(as_dict) == len(as_list)
+        if no_duplicate_keys:
+            return f"{class_name}({as_dict!r}{encoding_str})"
+        return f"{class_name}({as_list!r}{encoding_str})"
+
+
+class Request:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: URL | str,
+        *,
+        params: QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: CookieTypes | None = None,
+        content: RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: RequestData | None = None,
+        files: RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any | None = None,
+        stream: SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream | None = None,
+        extensions: RequestExtensions | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.method = method.upper()
+        self.url = URL(url) if params is None else URL(url, params=params)
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else dict(extensions)
+
+        if cookies:
+            Cookies(cookies).set_cookie_header(self)
+
+        if stream is None:
+            content_type: str | None = self.headers.get("content-type")
+            headers, stream = encode_request(
+                content=content,
+                data=data,
+                files=files,
+                json=json,
+                boundary=get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type(
+                    content_type=content_type.encode(self.headers.encoding)
+                    if content_type
+                    else None
+                ),
+            )
+            self._prepare(headers)
+            self.stream = stream
+            # Load the request body, except for streaming content.
+            if isinstance(stream, ByteStream):
+                self.read()
+        else:
+            # There's an important distinction between `Request(content=...)`,
+            # and `Request(stream=...)`.
+            #
+            # Using `content=...` implies automatically populated `Host` and content
+            # headers, of either `Content-Length: ...` or `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+            #
+            # Using `stream=...` will not automatically include *any*
+            # auto-populated headers.
+            #
+            # As an end-user you don't really need `stream=...`. It's only
+            # useful when:
+            #
+            # * Preserving the request stream when copying requests, eg for redirects.
+            # * Creating request instances on the *server-side* of the transport API.
+            self.stream = stream
+
+    def _prepare(self, default_headers: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, value in default_headers.items():
+            # Ignore Transfer-Encoding if the Content-Length has been set explicitly.
+            if key.lower() == "transfer-encoding" and "Content-Length" in self.headers:
+                continue
+            self.headers.setdefault(key, value)
+
+        auto_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+
+        has_host = "Host" in self.headers
+        has_content_length = (
+            "Content-Length" in self.headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in self.headers
+        )
+
+        if not has_host and self.url.host:
+            auto_headers.append((b"Host", self.url.netloc))
+        if not has_content_length and self.method in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH"):
+            auto_headers.append((b"Content-Length", b"0"))
+
+        self.headers = Headers(auto_headers + self.headers.raw)
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            raise RequestNotRead()
+        return self._content
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the request content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            assert isinstance(self.stream, typing.Iterable)
+            self._content = b"".join(self.stream)
+            if not isinstance(self.stream, ByteStream):
+                # If a streaming request has been read entirely into memory, then
+                # we can replace the stream with a raw bytes implementation,
+                # to ensure that any non-replayable streams can still be used.
+                self.stream = ByteStream(self._content)
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the request content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            assert isinstance(self.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.stream])
+            if not isinstance(self.stream, ByteStream):
+                # If a streaming request has been read entirely into memory, then
+                # we can replace the stream with a raw bytes implementation,
+                # to ensure that any non-replayable streams can still be used.
+                self.stream = ByteStream(self._content)
+        return self._content
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        url = str(self.url)
+        return f"<{class_name}({self.method!r}, {url!r})>"
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+        return {
+            name: value
+            for name, value in self.__dict__.items()
+            if name not in ["extensions", "stream"]
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+        self.extensions = {}
+        self.stream = UnattachedStream()
+
+
+class Response:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status_code: int,
+        *,
+        headers: HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        content: ResponseContent | None = None,
+        text: str | None = None,
+        html: str | None = None,
+        json: typing.Any = None,
+        stream: SyncByteStream | AsyncByteStream | None = None,
+        request: Request | None = None,
+        extensions: ResponseExtensions | None = None,
+        history: list[Response] | None = None,
+        default_encoding: str | typing.Callable[[bytes], str] = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = Headers(headers)
+
+        self._request: Request | None = request
+
+        # When follow_redirects=False and a redirect is received,
+        # the client will set `response.next_request`.
+        self.next_request: Request | None = None
+
+        self.extensions = {} if extensions is None else dict(extensions)
+        self.history = [] if history is None else list(history)
+
+        self.is_closed = False
+        self.is_stream_consumed = False
+
+        self.default_encoding = default_encoding
+
+        if stream is None:
+            headers, stream = encode_response(content, text, html, json)
+            self._prepare(headers)
+            self.stream = stream
+            if isinstance(stream, ByteStream):
+                # Load the response body, except for streaming content.
+                self.read()
+        else:
+            # There's an important distinction between `Response(content=...)`,
+            # and `Response(stream=...)`.
+            #
+            # Using `content=...` implies automatically populated content headers,
+            # of either `Content-Length: ...` or `Transfer-Encoding: chunked`.
+            #
+            # Using `stream=...` will not automatically include any content headers.
+            #
+            # As an end-user you don't really need `stream=...`. It's only
+            # useful when creating response instances having received a stream
+            # from the transport API.
+            self.stream = stream
+
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+
+    def _prepare(self, default_headers: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, value in default_headers.items():
+            # Ignore Transfer-Encoding if the Content-Length has been set explicitly.
+            if key.lower() == "transfer-encoding" and "content-length" in self.headers:
+                continue
+            self.headers.setdefault(key, value)
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> datetime.timedelta:
+        """
+        Returns the time taken for the complete request/response
+        cycle to complete.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_elapsed"):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "'.elapsed' may only be accessed after the response "
+                "has been read or closed."
+            )
+        return self._elapsed
+
+    @elapsed.setter
+    def elapsed(self, elapsed: datetime.timedelta) -> None:
+        self._elapsed = elapsed
+
+    @property
+    def request(self) -> Request:
+        """
+        Returns the request instance associated to the current response.
+        """
+        if self._request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The request instance has not been set on this response."
+            )
+        return self._request
+
+    @request.setter
+    def request(self, value: Request) -> None:
+        self._request = value
+
+    @property
+    def http_version(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            http_version: bytes = self.extensions["http_version"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return "HTTP/1.1"
+        else:
+            return http_version.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+
+    @property
+    def reason_phrase(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            reason_phrase: bytes = self.extensions["reason_phrase"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return codes.get_reason_phrase(self.status_code)
+        else:
+            return reason_phrase.decode("ascii", errors="ignore")
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> URL:
+        """
+        Returns the URL for which the request was made.
+        """
+        return self.request.url
+
+    @property
+    def content(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            raise ResponseNotRead()
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def text(self) -> str:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            content = self.content
+            if not content:
+                self._text = ""
+            else:
+                decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding or "utf-8")
+                self._text = "".join([decoder.decode(self.content), decoder.flush()])
+        return self._text
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return an encoding to use for decoding the byte content into text.
+        The priority for determining this is given by...
+
+        * `.encoding = <>` has been set explicitly.
+        * The encoding as specified by the charset parameter in the Content-Type header.
+        * The encoding as determined by `default_encoding`, which may either be
+          a string like "utf-8" indicating the encoding to use, or may be a callable
+          which enables charset autodetection.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_encoding"):
+            encoding = self.charset_encoding
+            if encoding is None or not _is_known_encoding(encoding):
+                if isinstance(self.default_encoding, str):
+                    encoding = self.default_encoding
+                elif hasattr(self, "_content"):
+                    encoding = self.default_encoding(self._content)
+            self._encoding = encoding or "utf-8"
+        return self._encoding
+
+    @encoding.setter
+    def encoding(self, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the encoding to use for decoding the byte content into text.
+
+        If the `text` attribute has been accessed, attempting to set the
+        encoding will throw a ValueError.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Setting encoding after `text` has been accessed is not allowed."
+            )
+        self._encoding = value
+
+    @property
+    def charset_encoding(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return the encoding, as specified by the Content-Type header.
+        """
+        content_type = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
+        if content_type is None:
+            return None
+
+        return _parse_content_type_charset(content_type)
+
+    def _get_content_decoder(self) -> ContentDecoder:
+        """
+        Returns a decoder instance which can be used to decode the raw byte
+        content, depending on the Content-Encoding used in the response.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_decoder"):
+            decoders: list[ContentDecoder] = []
+            values = self.headers.get_list("content-encoding", split_commas=True)
+            for value in values:
+                value = value.strip().lower()
+                try:
+                    decoder_cls = SUPPORTED_DECODERS[value]
+                    decoders.append(decoder_cls())
+                except KeyError:
+                    continue
+
+            if len(decoders) == 1:
+                self._decoder = decoders[0]
+            elif len(decoders) > 1:
+                self._decoder = MultiDecoder(children=decoders)
+            else:
+                self._decoder = IdentityDecoder()
+
+        return self._decoder
+
+    @property
+    def is_informational(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 1xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_informational(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_success(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 2xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_success(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_redirect(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 3xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+
+        Note that not all responses with a 3xx status code indicate a URL redirect.
+
+        Use `response.has_redirect_location` to determine responses with a properly
+        formed URL redirection.
+        """
+        return codes.is_redirect(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_client_error(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 4xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_client_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_server_error(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_server_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def is_error(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        A property which is `True` for 4xx and 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return codes.is_error(self.status_code)
+
+    @property
+    def has_redirect_location(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns True for 3xx responses with a properly formed URL redirection,
+        `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return (
+            self.status_code
+            in (
+                # 301 (Cacheable redirect. Method may change to GET.)
+                codes.MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+                # 302 (Uncacheable redirect. Method may change to GET.)
+                codes.FOUND,
+                # 303 (Client should make a GET or HEAD request.)
+                codes.SEE_OTHER,
+                # 307 (Equiv. 302, but retain method)
+                codes.TEMPORARY_REDIRECT,
+                # 308 (Equiv. 301, but retain method)
+                codes.PERMANENT_REDIRECT,
+            )
+            and "Location" in self.headers
+        )
+
+    def raise_for_status(self) -> Response:
+        """
+        Raise the `HTTPStatusError` if one occurred.
+        """
+        request = self._request
+        if request is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Cannot call `raise_for_status` as the request "
+                "instance has not been set on this response."
+            )
+
+        if self.is_success:
+            return self
+
+        if self.has_redirect_location:
+            message = (
+                "{error_type} '{0.status_code} {0.reason_phrase}' for url '{0.url}'\n"
+                "Redirect location: '{0.headers[location]}'\n"
+                "For more information check: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/{0.status_code}"
+            )
+        else:
+            message = (
+                "{error_type} '{0.status_code} {0.reason_phrase}' for url '{0.url}'\n"
+                "For more information check: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/{0.status_code}"
+            )
+
+        status_class = self.status_code // 100
+        error_types = {
+            1: "Informational response",
+            3: "Redirect response",
+            4: "Client error",
+            5: "Server error",
+        }
+        error_type = error_types.get(status_class, "Invalid status code")
+        message = message.format(self, error_type=error_type)
+        raise HTTPStatusError(message, request=request, response=self)
+
+    def json(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+        return jsonlib.loads(self.content, **kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> Cookies:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"):
+            self._cookies = Cookies()
+            self._cookies.extract_cookies(self)
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def links(self) -> dict[str | None, dict[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any
+        """
+        header = self.headers.get("link")
+        if header is None:
+            return {}
+
+        return {
+            (link.get("rel") or link.get("url")): link
+            for link in _parse_header_links(header)
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def num_bytes_downloaded(self) -> int:
+        return self._num_bytes_downloaded
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Response [{self.status_code} {self.reason_phrase}]>"
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+        return {
+            name: value
+            for name, value in self.__dict__.items()
+            if name not in ["extensions", "stream", "is_closed", "_decoder"]
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+        self.is_closed = True
+        self.extensions = {}
+        self.stream = UnattachedStream()
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the response content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join(self.iter_bytes())
+        return self._content
+
+    def iter_bytes(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the decoded response content.
+        This allows us to handle gzip, deflate, brotli, and zstd encoded responses.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            chunk_size = len(self._content) if chunk_size is None else chunk_size
+            for i in range(0, len(self._content), max(chunk_size, 1)):
+                yield self._content[i : i + chunk_size]
+        else:
+            decoder = self._get_content_decoder()
+            chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                for raw_bytes in self.iter_raw():
+                    decoded = decoder.decode(raw_bytes)
+                    for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                        yield chunk
+                decoded = decoder.flush()
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                    yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+                for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                    yield chunk
+
+    def iter_text(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        """
+        A str-iterator over the decoded response content
+        that handles both gzip, deflate, etc but also detects the content's
+        string encoding.
+        """
+        decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding or "utf-8")
+        chunker = TextChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for byte_content in self.iter_bytes():
+                text_content = decoder.decode(byte_content)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                    yield chunk
+            text_content = decoder.flush()
+            for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+            for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                yield chunk
+
+    def iter_lines(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        decoder = LineDecoder()
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for text in self.iter_text():
+                for line in decoder.decode(text):
+                    yield line
+            for line in decoder.flush():
+                yield line
+
+    def iter_raw(self, chunk_size: int | None = None) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the raw response content.
+        """
+        if self.is_stream_consumed:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise StreamClosed()
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call a sync iterator on an async stream.")
+
+        self.is_stream_consumed = True
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+        chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            for raw_stream_bytes in self.stream:
+                self._num_bytes_downloaded += len(raw_stream_bytes)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(raw_stream_bytes):
+                    yield chunk
+
+        for chunk in chunker.flush():
+            yield chunk
+
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the response and release the connection.
+        Automatically called if the response body is read to completion.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, SyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an sync close on an async stream.")
+
+        if not self.is_closed:
+            self.is_closed = True
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                self.stream.close()
+
+    async def aread(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read and return the response content.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            self._content = b"".join([part async for part in self.aiter_bytes()])
+        return self._content
+
+    async def aiter_bytes(
+        self, chunk_size: int | None = None
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the decoded response content.
+        This allows us to handle gzip, deflate, brotli, and zstd encoded responses.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_content"):
+            chunk_size = len(self._content) if chunk_size is None else chunk_size
+            for i in range(0, len(self._content), max(chunk_size, 1)):
+                yield self._content[i : i + chunk_size]
+        else:
+            decoder = self._get_content_decoder()
+            chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                async for raw_bytes in self.aiter_raw():
+                    decoded = decoder.decode(raw_bytes)
+                    for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                        yield chunk
+                decoded = decoder.flush()
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(decoded):
+                    yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+                for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                    yield chunk
+
+    async def aiter_text(
+        self, chunk_size: int | None = None
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[str]:
+        """
+        A str-iterator over the decoded response content
+        that handles both gzip, deflate, etc but also detects the content's
+        string encoding.
+        """
+        decoder = TextDecoder(encoding=self.encoding or "utf-8")
+        chunker = TextChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for byte_content in self.aiter_bytes():
+                text_content = decoder.decode(byte_content)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                    yield chunk
+            text_content = decoder.flush()
+            for chunk in chunker.decode(text_content):
+                yield chunk  # pragma: no cover
+            for chunk in chunker.flush():
+                yield chunk
+
+    async def aiter_lines(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[str]:
+        decoder = LineDecoder()
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for text in self.aiter_text():
+                for line in decoder.decode(text):
+                    yield line
+            for line in decoder.flush():
+                yield line
+
+    async def aiter_raw(
+        self, chunk_size: int | None = None
+    ) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        """
+        A byte-iterator over the raw response content.
+        """
+        if self.is_stream_consumed:
+            raise StreamConsumed()
+        if self.is_closed:
+            raise StreamClosed()
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an async iterator on an sync stream.")
+
+        self.is_stream_consumed = True
+        self._num_bytes_downloaded = 0
+        chunker = ByteChunker(chunk_size=chunk_size)
+
+        with request_context(request=self._request):
+            async for raw_stream_bytes in self.stream:
+                self._num_bytes_downloaded += len(raw_stream_bytes)
+                for chunk in chunker.decode(raw_stream_bytes):
+                    yield chunk
+
+        for chunk in chunker.flush():
+            yield chunk
+
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the response and release the connection.
+        Automatically called if the response body is read to completion.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(self.stream, AsyncByteStream):
+            raise RuntimeError("Attempted to call an async close on an sync stream.")
+
+        if not self.is_closed:
+            self.is_closed = True
+            with request_context(request=self._request):
+                await self.stream.aclose()
+
+
+class Cookies(typing.MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    HTTP Cookies, as a mutable mapping.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cookies: CookieTypes | None = None) -> None:
+        if cookies is None or isinstance(cookies, dict):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            if isinstance(cookies, dict):
+                for key, value in cookies.items():
+                    self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(cookies, list):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            for key, value in cookies:
+                self.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(cookies, Cookies):
+            self.jar = CookieJar()
+            for cookie in cookies.jar:
+                self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+        else:
+            self.jar = cookies
+
+    def extract_cookies(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Loads any cookies based on the response `Set-Cookie` headers.
+        """
+        urllib_response = self._CookieCompatResponse(response)
+        urllib_request = self._CookieCompatRequest(response.request)
+
+        self.jar.extract_cookies(urllib_response, urllib_request)  # type: ignore
+
+    def set_cookie_header(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        Sets an appropriate 'Cookie:' HTTP header on the `Request`.
+        """
+        urllib_request = self._CookieCompatRequest(request)
+        self.jar.add_cookie_header(urllib_request)
+
+    def set(self, name: str, value: str, domain: str = "", path: str = "/") -> None:
+        """
+        Set a cookie value by name. May optionally include domain and path.
+        """
+        kwargs = {
+            "version": 0,
+            "name": name,
+            "value": value,
+            "port": None,
+            "port_specified": False,
+            "domain": domain,
+            "domain_specified": bool(domain),
+            "domain_initial_dot": domain.startswith("."),
+            "path": path,
+            "path_specified": bool(path),
+            "secure": False,
+            "expires": None,
+            "discard": True,
+            "comment": None,
+            "comment_url": None,
+            "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+            "rfc2109": False,
+        }
+        cookie = Cookie(**kwargs)  # type: ignore
+        self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def get(  # type: ignore
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: str | None = None,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Get a cookie by name. May optionally include domain and path
+        in order to specify exactly which cookie to retrieve.
+        """
+        value = None
+        for cookie in self.jar:
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        if value is not None:
+                            message = f"Multiple cookies exist with name={name}"
+                            raise CookieConflict(message)
+                        value = cookie.value
+
+        if value is None:
+            return default
+        return value
+
+    def delete(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a cookie by name. May optionally include domain and path
+        in order to specify exactly which cookie to delete.
+        """
+        if domain is not None and path is not None:
+            return self.jar.clear(domain, path, name)
+
+        remove = [
+            cookie
+            for cookie in self.jar
+            if cookie.name == name
+            and (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain)
+            and (path is None or cookie.path == path)
+        ]
+
+        for cookie in remove:
+            self.jar.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
+
+    def clear(self, domain: str | None = None, path: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete all cookies. Optionally include a domain and path in
+        order to only delete a subset of all the cookies.
+        """
+        args = []
+        if domain is not None:
+            args.append(domain)
+        if path is not None:
+            assert domain is not None
+            args.append(path)
+        self.jar.clear(*args)
+
+    def update(self, cookies: CookieTypes | None = None) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        cookies = Cookies(cookies)
+        for cookie in cookies.jar:
+            self.jar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name: str, value: str) -> None:
+        return self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str:
+        value = self.get(name)
+        if value is None:
+            raise KeyError(name)
+        return value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        return self.delete(name)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.jar)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+        return (cookie.name for cookie in self.jar)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        for _ in self.jar:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        cookies_repr = ", ".join(
+            [
+                f"<Cookie {cookie.name}={cookie.value} for {cookie.domain} />"
+                for cookie in self.jar
+            ]
+        )
+
+        return f"<Cookies[{cookies_repr}]>"
+
+    class _CookieCompatRequest(urllib.request.Request):
+        """
+        Wraps a `Request` instance up in a compatibility interface suitable
+        for use with `CookieJar` operations.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, request: Request) -> None:
+            super().__init__(
+                url=str(request.url),
+                headers=dict(request.headers),
+                method=request.method,
+            )
+            self.request = request
+
+        def add_unredirected_header(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+            super().add_unredirected_header(key, value)
+            self.request.headers[key] = value
+
+    class _CookieCompatResponse:
+        """
+        Wraps a `Request` instance up in a compatibility interface suitable
+        for use with `CookieJar` operations.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, response: Response) -> None:
+            self.response = response
+
+        def info(self) -> email.message.Message:
+            info = email.message.Message()
+            for key, value in self.response.headers.multi_items():
+                # Note that setting `info[key]` here is an "append" operation,
+                # not a "replace" operation.
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message.__setitem__
+                info[key] = value
+            return info
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4761af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from ._types import (
+    AsyncByteStream,
+    FileContent,
+    FileTypes,
+    RequestData,
+    RequestFiles,
+    SyncByteStream,
+)
+from ._utils import (
+    peek_filelike_length,
+    primitive_value_to_str,
+    to_bytes,
+)
+
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS = {'"': "%22", "\\": "\\\\"}
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {chr(c): "%{:02X}".format(c) for c in range(0x1F + 1) if c != 0x1B}
+)
+_HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE = re.compile(
+    r"|".join([re.escape(c) for c in _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS.keys()])
+)
+
+
+def _format_form_param(name: str, value: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Encode a name/value pair within a multipart form.
+    """
+
+    def replacer(match: typing.Match[str]) -> str:
+        return _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_REPLACEMENTS[match.group(0)]
+
+    value = _HTML5_FORM_ENCODING_RE.sub(replacer, value)
+    return f'{name}="{value}"'.encode()
+
+
+def _guess_content_type(filename: str | None) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Guesses the mimetype based on a filename. Defaults to `application/octet-stream`.
+
+    Returns `None` if `filename` is `None` or empty.
+    """
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+    return None
+
+
+def get_multipart_boundary_from_content_type(
+    content_type: bytes | None,
+) -> bytes | None:
+    if not content_type or not content_type.startswith(b"multipart/form-data"):
+        return None
+    # parse boundary according to
+    # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046#section-5.1.1
+    if b";" in content_type:
+        for section in content_type.split(b";"):
+            if section.strip().lower().startswith(b"boundary="):
+                return section.strip()[len(b"boundary=") :].strip(b'"')
+    return None
+
+
+class DataField:
+    """
+    A single form field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | bytes | int | float | None) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid type for name. Expected str, got {type(name)}: {name!r}"
+            )
+        if value is not None and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes, int, float)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Invalid type for value. Expected primitive type,"
+                f" got {type(value)}: {value!r}"
+            )
+        self.name = name
+        self.value: str | bytes = (
+            value if isinstance(value, bytes) else primitive_value_to_str(value)
+        )
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            name = _format_form_param("name", self.name)
+            self._headers = b"".join(
+                [b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ", name, b"\r\n\r\n"]
+            )
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_data"):
+            self._data = to_bytes(self.value)
+
+        return self._data
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+        data = self.render_data()
+        return len(headers) + len(data)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield self.render_data()
+
+
+class FileField:
+    """
+    A single file field item, within a multipart form field.
+    """
+
+    CHUNK_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: FileTypes) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+        fileobj: FileContent
+
+        headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        content_type: str | None = None
+
+        # This large tuple based API largely mirror's requests' API
+        # It would be good to think of better APIs for this that we could
+        # include in httpx 2.0 since variable length tuples(especially of 4 elements)
+        # are quite unwieldly
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            if len(value) == 2:
+                # neither the 3rd parameter (content_type) nor the 4th (headers)
+                # was included
+                filename, fileobj = value
+            elif len(value) == 3:
+                filename, fileobj, content_type = value
+            else:
+                # all 4 parameters included
+                filename, fileobj, content_type, headers = value  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            filename = Path(str(getattr(value, "name", "upload"))).name
+            fileobj = value
+
+        if content_type is None:
+            content_type = _guess_content_type(filename)
+
+        has_content_type_header = any("content-type" in key.lower() for key in headers)
+        if content_type is not None and not has_content_type_header:
+            # note that unlike requests, we ignore the content_type provided in the 3rd
+            # tuple element if it is also included in the headers requests does
+            # the opposite (it overwrites the headerwith the 3rd tuple element)
+            headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+        if isinstance(fileobj, io.StringIO):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Multipart file uploads require 'io.BytesIO', not 'io.StringIO'."
+            )
+        if isinstance(fileobj, io.TextIOBase):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Multipart file uploads must be opened in binary mode, not text mode."
+            )
+
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.file = fileobj
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def get_length(self) -> int | None:
+        headers = self.render_headers()
+
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            return len(headers) + len(to_bytes(self.file))
+
+        file_length = peek_filelike_length(self.file)
+
+        # If we can't determine the filesize without reading it into memory,
+        # then return `None` here, to indicate an unknown file length.
+        if file_length is None:
+            return None
+
+        return len(headers) + file_length
+
+    def render_headers(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            parts = [
+                b"Content-Disposition: form-data; ",
+                _format_form_param("name", self.name),
+            ]
+            if self.filename:
+                filename = _format_form_param("filename", self.filename)
+                parts.extend([b"; ", filename])
+            for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
+                key, val = f"\r\n{header_name}: ".encode(), header_value.encode()
+                parts.extend([key, val])
+            parts.append(b"\r\n\r\n")
+            self._headers = b"".join(parts)
+
+        return self._headers
+
+    def render_data(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        if isinstance(self.file, (str, bytes)):
+            yield to_bytes(self.file)
+            return
+
+        if hasattr(self.file, "seek"):
+            try:
+                self.file.seek(0)
+            except io.UnsupportedOperation:
+                pass
+
+        chunk = self.file.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+        while chunk:
+            yield to_bytes(chunk)
+            chunk = self.file.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    def render(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        yield self.render_headers()
+        yield from self.render_data()
+
+
+class MultipartStream(SyncByteStream, AsyncByteStream):
+    """
+    Request content as streaming multipart encoded form data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        data: RequestData,
+        files: RequestFiles,
+        boundary: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if boundary is None:
+            boundary = os.urandom(16).hex().encode("ascii")
+
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.content_type = "multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary.decode(
+            "ascii"
+        )
+        self.fields = list(self._iter_fields(data, files))
+
+    def _iter_fields(
+        self, data: RequestData, files: RequestFiles
+    ) -> typing.Iterator[FileField | DataField]:
+        for name, value in data.items():
+            if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+                for item in value:
+                    yield DataField(name=name, value=item)
+            else:
+                yield DataField(name=name, value=value)
+
+        file_items = files.items() if isinstance(files, typing.Mapping) else files
+        for name, value in file_items:
+            yield FileField(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def iter_chunks(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for field in self.fields:
+            yield b"--%s\r\n" % self.boundary
+            yield from field.render()
+            yield b"\r\n"
+        yield b"--%s--\r\n" % self.boundary
+
+    def get_content_length(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        Return the length of the multipart encoded content, or `None` if
+        any of the files have a length that cannot be determined upfront.
+        """
+        boundary_length = len(self.boundary)
+        length = 0
+
+        for field in self.fields:
+            field_length = field.get_length()
+            if field_length is None:
+                return None
+
+            length += 2 + boundary_length + 2  # b"--{boundary}\r\n"
+            length += field_length
+            length += 2  # b"\r\n"
+
+        length += 2 + boundary_length + 4  # b"--{boundary}--\r\n"
+        return length
+
+    # Content stream interface.
+
+    def get_headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        content_length = self.get_content_length()
+        content_type = self.content_type
+        if content_length is None:
+            return {"Transfer-Encoding": "chunked", "Content-Type": content_type}
+        return {"Content-Length": str(content_length), "Content-Type": content_type}
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunks():
+            yield chunk
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..133a623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import IntEnum
+
+__all__ = ["codes"]
+
+
+class codes(IntEnum):
+    """HTTP status codes and reason phrases
+
+    Status codes from the following RFCs are all observed:
+
+        * RFC 7231: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1), obsoletes 2616
+        * RFC 6585: Additional HTTP Status Codes
+        * RFC 3229: Delta encoding in HTTP
+        * RFC 4918: HTTP Extensions for WebDAV, obsoletes 2518
+        * RFC 5842: Binding Extensions to WebDAV
+        * RFC 7238: Permanent Redirect
+        * RFC 2295: Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP
+        * RFC 2774: An HTTP Extension Framework
+        * RFC 7540: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)
+        * RFC 2324: Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0)
+        * RFC 7725: An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles
+        * RFC 8297: An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints
+        * RFC 8470: Using Early Data in HTTP
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, value: int, phrase: str = "") -> codes:
+        obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+        obj._value_ = value
+
+        obj.phrase = phrase  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return obj
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_reason_phrase(cls, value: int) -> str:
+        try:
+            return codes(value).phrase  # type: ignore
+        except ValueError:
+            return ""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_informational(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 1xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 100 <= value <= 199
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_success(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 2xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 200 <= value <= 299
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_redirect(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 3xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 300 <= value <= 399
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_client_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 4xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 400 <= value <= 499
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_server_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 500 <= value <= 599
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_error(cls, value: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns `True` for 4xx or 5xx status codes, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return 400 <= value <= 599
+
+    # informational
+    CONTINUE = 100, "Continue"
+    SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101, "Switching Protocols"
+    PROCESSING = 102, "Processing"
+    EARLY_HINTS = 103, "Early Hints"
+
+    # success
+    OK = 200, "OK"
+    CREATED = 201, "Created"
+    ACCEPTED = 202, "Accepted"
+    NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203, "Non-Authoritative Information"
+    NO_CONTENT = 204, "No Content"
+    RESET_CONTENT = 205, "Reset Content"
+    PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206, "Partial Content"
+    MULTI_STATUS = 207, "Multi-Status"
+    ALREADY_REPORTED = 208, "Already Reported"
+    IM_USED = 226, "IM Used"
+
+    # redirection
+    MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300, "Multiple Choices"
+    MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301, "Moved Permanently"
+    FOUND = 302, "Found"
+    SEE_OTHER = 303, "See Other"
+    NOT_MODIFIED = 304, "Not Modified"
+    USE_PROXY = 305, "Use Proxy"
+    TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307, "Temporary Redirect"
+    PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308, "Permanent Redirect"
+
+    # client error
+    BAD_REQUEST = 400, "Bad Request"
+    UNAUTHORIZED = 401, "Unauthorized"
+    PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402, "Payment Required"
+    FORBIDDEN = 403, "Forbidden"
+    NOT_FOUND = 404, "Not Found"
+    METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405, "Method Not Allowed"
+    NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406, "Not Acceptable"
+    PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407, "Proxy Authentication Required"
+    REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408, "Request Timeout"
+    CONFLICT = 409, "Conflict"
+    GONE = 410, "Gone"
+    LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411, "Length Required"
+    PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412, "Precondition Failed"
+    REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413, "Request Entity Too Large"
+    REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414, "Request-URI Too Long"
+    UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415, "Unsupported Media Type"
+    REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416, "Requested Range Not Satisfiable"
+    EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417, "Expectation Failed"
+    IM_A_TEAPOT = 418, "I'm a teapot"
+    MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421, "Misdirected Request"
+    UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422, "Unprocessable Entity"
+    LOCKED = 423, "Locked"
+    FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424, "Failed Dependency"
+    TOO_EARLY = 425, "Too Early"
+    UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426, "Upgrade Required"
+    PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428, "Precondition Required"
+    TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429, "Too Many Requests"
+    REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431, "Request Header Fields Too Large"
+    UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451, "Unavailable For Legal Reasons"
+
+    # server errors
+    INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500, "Internal Server Error"
+    NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501, "Not Implemented"
+    BAD_GATEWAY = 502, "Bad Gateway"
+    SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503, "Service Unavailable"
+    GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504, "Gateway Timeout"
+    HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505, "HTTP Version Not Supported"
+    VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506, "Variant Also Negotiates"
+    INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507, "Insufficient Storage"
+    LOOP_DETECTED = 508, "Loop Detected"
+    NOT_EXTENDED = 510, "Not Extended"
+    NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511, "Network Authentication Required"
+
+
+# Include lower-case styles for `requests` compatibility.
+for code in codes:
+    setattr(codes, code._name_.lower(), int(code))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a32105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .asgi import *
+from .base import *
+from .default import *
+from .mock import *
+from .wsgi import *
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ASGITransport",
+    "AsyncBaseTransport",
+    "BaseTransport",
+    "AsyncHTTPTransport",
+    "HTTPTransport",
+    "MockTransport",
+    "WSGITransport",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bc4efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/asgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    import asyncio
+
+    import trio
+
+    Event = typing.Union[asyncio.Event, trio.Event]
+
+
+_Message = typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]
+_Receive = typing.Callable[[], typing.Awaitable[_Message]]
+_Send = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+_ASGIApp = typing.Callable[
+    [typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any], _Receive, _Send], typing.Awaitable[None]
+]
+
+__all__ = ["ASGITransport"]
+
+
+def is_running_trio() -> bool:
+    try:
+        # sniffio is a dependency of trio.
+
+        # See https://github.com/python-trio/trio/issues/2802
+        import sniffio
+
+        if sniffio.current_async_library() == "trio":
+            return True
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
+        pass
+
+    return False
+
+
+def create_event() -> Event:
+    if is_running_trio():
+        import trio
+
+        return trio.Event()
+
+    import asyncio
+
+    return asyncio.Event()
+
+
+class ASGIResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, body: list[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._body = body
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        yield b"".join(self._body)
+
+
+class ASGITransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom AsyncTransport that handles sending requests directly to an ASGI app.
+
+    ```python
+    transport = httpx.ASGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        root_path="/submount",
+        client=("1.2.3.4", 123)
+    )
+    client = httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The ASGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `root_path` - The root path on which the ASGI application should be mounted.
+    * `client` - A two-tuple indicating the client IP and port of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: _ASGIApp,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        client: tuple[str, int] = ("127.0.0.1", 123),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.client = client
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+
+        # ASGI scope.
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": "3.0"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": request.method,
+            "headers": [(k.lower(), v) for (k, v) in request.headers.raw],
+            "scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "path": request.url.path,
+            "raw_path": request.url.raw_path.split(b"?")[0],
+            "query_string": request.url.query,
+            "server": (request.url.host, request.url.port),
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+        }
+
+        # Request.
+        request_body_chunks = request.stream.__aiter__()
+        request_complete = False
+
+        # Response.
+        status_code = None
+        response_headers = None
+        body_parts = []
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete = create_event()
+
+        # ASGI callables.
+
+        async def receive() -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            try:
+                body = await request_body_chunks.__anext__()
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                request_complete = True
+                return {"type": "http.request", "body": b"", "more_body": False}
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body, "more_body": True}
+
+        async def send(message: typing.MutableMapping[str, typing.Any]) -> None:
+            nonlocal status_code, response_headers, response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started
+
+                status_code = message["status"]
+                response_headers = message.get("headers", [])
+                response_started = True
+
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert not response_complete.is_set()
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+                if body and request.method != "HEAD":
+                    body_parts.append(body)
+
+                if not more_body:
+                    response_complete.set()
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: PIE-786
+            if self.raise_app_exceptions:
+                raise
+
+            response_complete.set()
+            if status_code is None:
+                status_code = 500
+            if response_headers is None:
+                response_headers = {}
+
+        assert response_complete.is_set()
+        assert status_code is not None
+        assert response_headers is not None
+
+        stream = ASGIResponseStream(body_parts)
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=response_headers, stream=stream)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66fd99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="BaseTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncBaseTransport")
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncBaseTransport", "BaseTransport"]
+
+
+class BaseTransport:
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a single HTTP request and return a response.
+
+        Developers shouldn't typically ever need to call into this API directly,
+        since the Client class provides all the higher level user-facing API
+        niceties.
+
+        In order to properly release any network resources, the response
+        stream should *either* be consumed immediately, with a call to
+        `response.stream.read()`, or else the `handle_request` call should
+        be followed with a try/finally block to ensuring the stream is
+        always closed.
+
+        Example usage:
+
+            with httpx.HTTPTransport() as transport:
+                req = httpx.Request(
+                    method=b"GET",
+                    url=(b"https", b"www.example.com", 443, b"/"),
+                    headers=[(b"Host", b"www.example.com")],
+                )
+                resp = transport.handle_request(req)
+                body = resp.stream.read()
+                print(resp.status_code, resp.headers, body)
+
+
+        Takes a `Request` instance as the only argument.
+
+        Returns a `Response` instance.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class AsyncBaseTransport:
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.aclose()
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The 'handle_async_request' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5aa05f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/default.py
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+"""
+Custom transports, with nicely configured defaults.
+
+The following additional keyword arguments are currently supported by httpcore...
+
+* uds: str
+* local_address: str
+* retries: int
+
+Example usages...
+
+# Disable HTTP/2 on a single specific domain.
+mounts = {
+    "all://": httpx.HTTPTransport(http2=True),
+    "all://*example.org": httpx.HTTPTransport()
+}
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with connection retries.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(retries=1)
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+
+# Using advanced httpcore configuration, with unix domain sockets.
+transport = httpx.HTTPTransport(uds="socket.uds")
+client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import typing
+from types import TracebackType
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import ssl  # pragma: no cover
+
+    import httpx  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .._config import DEFAULT_LIMITS, Limits, Proxy, create_ssl_context
+from .._exceptions import (
+    ConnectError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    LocalProtocolError,
+    NetworkError,
+    PoolTimeout,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RemoteProtocolError,
+    TimeoutException,
+    UnsupportedProtocol,
+    WriteError,
+    WriteTimeout,
+)
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import AsyncByteStream, CertTypes, ProxyTypes, SyncByteStream
+from .._urls import URL
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T", bound="HTTPTransport")
+A = typing.TypeVar("A", bound="AsyncHTTPTransport")
+
+SOCKET_OPTION = typing.Union[
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, int],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[bytes, bytearray]],
+    typing.Tuple[int, int, None, int],
+]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncHTTPTransport", "HTTPTransport"]
+
+HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP: dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]] = {}
+
+
+def _load_httpcore_exceptions() -> dict[type[Exception], type[httpx.HTTPError]]:
+    import httpcore
+
+    return {
+        httpcore.TimeoutException: TimeoutException,
+        httpcore.ConnectTimeout: ConnectTimeout,
+        httpcore.ReadTimeout: ReadTimeout,
+        httpcore.WriteTimeout: WriteTimeout,
+        httpcore.PoolTimeout: PoolTimeout,
+        httpcore.NetworkError: NetworkError,
+        httpcore.ConnectError: ConnectError,
+        httpcore.ReadError: ReadError,
+        httpcore.WriteError: WriteError,
+        httpcore.ProxyError: ProxyError,
+        httpcore.UnsupportedProtocol: UnsupportedProtocol,
+        httpcore.ProtocolError: ProtocolError,
+        httpcore.LocalProtocolError: LocalProtocolError,
+        httpcore.RemoteProtocolError: RemoteProtocolError,
+    }
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def map_httpcore_exceptions() -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    global HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP
+    if len(HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP) == 0:
+        HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP = _load_httpcore_exceptions()
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Exception as exc:
+        mapped_exc = None
+
+        for from_exc, to_exc in HTTPCORE_EXC_MAP.items():
+            if not isinstance(exc, from_exc):
+                continue
+            # We want to map to the most specific exception we can find.
+            # Eg if `exc` is an `httpcore.ReadTimeout`, we want to map to
+            # `httpx.ReadTimeout`, not just `httpx.TimeoutException`.
+            if mapped_exc is None or issubclass(to_exc, mapped_exc):
+                mapped_exc = to_exc
+
+        if mapped_exc is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise
+
+        message = str(exc)
+        raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
+
+
+class ResponseStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "close"):
+            self._httpcore_stream.close()
+
+
+class HTTPTransport(BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.ConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.HTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.SOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                f" but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self: T) -> T:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        self._pool.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            self._pool.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, SyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = self._pool.handle_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.Iterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=ResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._pool.close()
+
+
+class AsyncResponseStream(AsyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, httpcore_stream: typing.AsyncIterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._httpcore_stream = httpcore_stream
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> typing.AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            async for part in self._httpcore_stream:
+                yield part
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self._httpcore_stream, "aclose"):
+            await self._httpcore_stream.aclose()
+
+
+class AsyncHTTPTransport(AsyncBaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verify: ssl.SSLContext | str | bool = True,
+        cert: CertTypes | None = None,
+        trust_env: bool = True,
+        http1: bool = True,
+        http2: bool = False,
+        limits: Limits = DEFAULT_LIMITS,
+        proxy: ProxyTypes | None = None,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        local_address: str | None = None,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        socket_options: typing.Iterable[SOCKET_OPTION] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        import httpcore
+
+        proxy = Proxy(url=proxy) if isinstance(proxy, (str, URL)) else proxy
+        ssl_context = create_ssl_context(verify=verify, cert=cert, trust_env=trust_env)
+
+        if proxy is None:
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncConnectionPool(
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                uds=uds,
+                local_address=local_address,
+                retries=retries,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("http", "https"):
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncHTTPProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                proxy_headers=proxy.headers.raw,
+                proxy_ssl_context=proxy.ssl_context,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+                socket_options=socket_options,
+            )
+        elif proxy.url.scheme in ("socks5", "socks5h"):
+            try:
+                import socksio  # noqa
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ImportError(
+                    "Using SOCKS proxy, but the 'socksio' package is not installed. "
+                    "Make sure to install httpx using `pip install httpx[socks]`."
+                ) from None
+
+            self._pool = httpcore.AsyncSOCKSProxy(
+                proxy_url=httpcore.URL(
+                    scheme=proxy.url.raw_scheme,
+                    host=proxy.url.raw_host,
+                    port=proxy.url.port,
+                    target=proxy.url.raw_path,
+                ),
+                proxy_auth=proxy.raw_auth,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+                max_connections=limits.max_connections,
+                max_keepalive_connections=limits.max_keepalive_connections,
+                keepalive_expiry=limits.keepalive_expiry,
+                http1=http1,
+                http2=http2,
+            )
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Proxy protocol must be either 'http', 'https', 'socks5', or 'socks5h',"
+                " but got {proxy.url.scheme!r}."
+            )
+
+    async def __aenter__(self: A) -> A:  # Use generics for subclass support.
+        await self._pool.__aenter__()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None = None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None = None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            await self._pool.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(request.stream, AsyncByteStream)
+        import httpcore
+
+        req = httpcore.Request(
+            method=request.method,
+            url=httpcore.URL(
+                scheme=request.url.raw_scheme,
+                host=request.url.raw_host,
+                port=request.url.port,
+                target=request.url.raw_path,
+            ),
+            headers=request.headers.raw,
+            content=request.stream,
+            extensions=request.extensions,
+        )
+        with map_httpcore_exceptions():
+            resp = await self._pool.handle_async_request(req)
+
+        assert isinstance(resp.stream, typing.AsyncIterable)
+
+        return Response(
+            status_code=resp.status,
+            headers=resp.headers,
+            stream=AsyncResponseStream(resp.stream),
+            extensions=resp.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        await self._pool.aclose()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c418f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .base import AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport
+
+SyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], Response]
+AsyncHandler = typing.Callable[[Request], typing.Coroutine[None, None, Response]]
+
+
+__all__ = ["MockTransport"]
+
+
+class MockTransport(AsyncBaseTransport, BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(self, handler: SyncHandler | AsyncHandler) -> None:
+        self.handler = handler
+
+    def handle_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError("Cannot use an async handler in a sync Client")
+        return response
+
+    async def handle_async_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response:
+        await request.aread()
+        response = self.handler(request)
+
+        # Allow handler to *optionally* be an `async` function.
+        # If it is, then the `response` variable need to be awaited to actually
+        # return the result.
+
+        if not isinstance(response, Response):
+            response = await response
+
+        return response
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8592ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_transports/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import itertools
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .._models import Request, Response
+from .._types import SyncByteStream
+from .base import BaseTransport
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import OptExcInfo  # pragma: no cover
+    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication  # pragma: no cover
+
+_T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+__all__ = ["WSGITransport"]
+
+
+def _skip_leading_empty_chunks(body: typing.Iterable[_T]) -> typing.Iterable[_T]:
+    body = iter(body)
+    for chunk in body:
+        if chunk:
+            return itertools.chain([chunk], body)
+    return []
+
+
+class WSGIByteStream(SyncByteStream):
+    def __init__(self, result: typing.Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        self._close = getattr(result, "close", None)
+        self._result = _skip_leading_empty_chunks(result)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[bytes]:
+        for part in self._result:
+            yield part
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._close is not None:
+            self._close()
+
+
+class WSGITransport(BaseTransport):
+    """
+    A custom transport that handles sending requests directly to an WSGI app.
+    The simplest way to use this functionality is to use the `app` argument.
+
+    ```
+    client = httpx.Client(app=app)
+    ```
+
+    Alternatively, you can setup the transport instance explicitly.
+    This allows you to include any additional configuration arguments specific
+    to the WSGITransport class:
+
+    ```
+    transport = httpx.WSGITransport(
+        app=app,
+        script_name="/submount",
+        remote_addr="1.2.3.4"
+    )
+    client = httpx.Client(transport=transport)
+    ```
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    * `app` - The WSGI application.
+    * `raise_app_exceptions` - Boolean indicating if exceptions in the application
+       should be raised. Default to `True`. Can be set to `False` for use cases
+       such as testing the content of a client 500 response.
+    * `script_name` - The root path on which the WSGI application should be mounted.
+    * `remote_addr` - A string indicating the client IP of incoming requests.
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApplication,
+        raise_app_exceptions: bool = True,
+        script_name: str = "",
+        remote_addr: str = "127.0.0.1",
+        wsgi_errors: typing.TextIO | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_app_exceptions = raise_app_exceptions
+        self.script_name = script_name
+        self.remote_addr = remote_addr
+        self.wsgi_errors = wsgi_errors
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        request.read()
+        wsgi_input = io.BytesIO(request.content)
+
+        port = request.url.port or {"http": 80, "https": 443}[request.url.scheme]
+        environ = {
+            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+            "wsgi.url_scheme": request.url.scheme,
+            "wsgi.input": wsgi_input,
+            "wsgi.errors": self.wsgi_errors or sys.stderr,
+            "wsgi.multithread": True,
+            "wsgi.multiprocess": False,
+            "wsgi.run_once": False,
+            "REQUEST_METHOD": request.method,
+            "SCRIPT_NAME": self.script_name,
+            "PATH_INFO": request.url.path,
+            "QUERY_STRING": request.url.query.decode("ascii"),
+            "SERVER_NAME": request.url.host,
+            "SERVER_PORT": str(port),
+            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/1.1",
+            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.remote_addr,
+        }
+        for header_key, header_value in request.headers.raw:
+            key = header_key.decode("ascii").upper().replace("-", "_")
+            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
+                key = "HTTP_" + key
+            environ[key] = header_value.decode("ascii")
+
+        seen_status = None
+        seen_response_headers = None
+        seen_exc_info = None
+
+        def start_response(
+            status: str,
+            response_headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+            exc_info: OptExcInfo | None = None,
+        ) -> typing.Callable[[bytes], typing.Any]:
+            nonlocal seen_status, seen_response_headers, seen_exc_info
+            seen_status = status
+            seen_response_headers = response_headers
+            seen_exc_info = exc_info
+            return lambda _: None
+
+        result = self.app(environ, start_response)
+
+        stream = WSGIByteStream(result)
+
+        assert seen_status is not None
+        assert seen_response_headers is not None
+        if seen_exc_info and seen_exc_info[0] and self.raise_app_exceptions:
+            raise seen_exc_info[1]
+
+        status_code = int(seen_status.split()[0])
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii"))
+            for key, value in seen_response_headers
+        ]
+
+        return Response(status_code, headers=headers, stream=stream)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..704dfdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""
+Type definitions for type checking purposes.
+"""
+
+from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    AsyncIterable,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._auth import Auth  # noqa: F401
+    from ._config import Proxy, Timeout  # noqa: F401
+    from ._models import Cookies, Headers, Request  # noqa: F401
+    from ._urls import URL, QueryParams  # noqa: F401
+
+
+PrimitiveData = Optional[Union[str, int, float, bool]]
+
+URLTypes = Union["URL", str]
+
+QueryParamTypes = Union[
+    "QueryParams",
+    Mapping[str, Union[PrimitiveData, Sequence[PrimitiveData]]],
+    List[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData]],
+    Tuple[Tuple[str, PrimitiveData], ...],
+    str,
+    bytes,
+]
+
+HeaderTypes = Union[
+    "Headers",
+    Mapping[str, str],
+    Mapping[bytes, bytes],
+    Sequence[Tuple[str, str]],
+    Sequence[Tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+]
+
+CookieTypes = Union["Cookies", CookieJar, Dict[str, str], List[Tuple[str, str]]]
+
+TimeoutTypes = Union[
+    Optional[float],
+    Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float], Optional[float]],
+    "Timeout",
+]
+ProxyTypes = Union["URL", str, "Proxy"]
+CertTypes = Union[str, Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, str, str]]
+
+AuthTypes = Union[
+    Tuple[Union[str, bytes], Union[str, bytes]],
+    Callable[["Request"], "Request"],
+    "Auth",
+]
+
+RequestContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseContent = Union[str, bytes, Iterable[bytes], AsyncIterable[bytes]]
+ResponseExtensions = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+RequestData = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+FileContent = Union[IO[bytes], bytes, str]
+FileTypes = Union[
+    # file (or bytes)
+    FileContent,
+    # (filename, file (or bytes))
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent],
+    # (filename, file (or bytes), content_type)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str]],
+    # (filename, file (or bytes), content_type, headers)
+    Tuple[Optional[str], FileContent, Optional[str], Mapping[str, str]],
+]
+RequestFiles = Union[Mapping[str, FileTypes], Sequence[Tuple[str, FileTypes]]]
+
+RequestExtensions = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+__all__ = ["AsyncByteStream", "SyncByteStream"]
+
+
+class SyncByteStream:
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__iter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Subclasses can override this method to release any network resources
+        after a request/response cycle is complete.
+        """
+
+
+class AsyncByteStream:
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "The '__aiter__' method must be implemented."
+        )  # pragma: no cover
+        yield b""  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def aclose(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf190fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urlparse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+"""
+An implementation of `urlparse` that provides URL validation and normalization
+as described by RFC3986.
+
+We rely on this implementation rather than the one in Python's stdlib, because:
+
+* It provides more complete URL validation.
+* It properly differentiates between an empty querystring and an absent querystring,
+  to distinguish URLs with a trailing '?'.
+* It handles scheme, hostname, port, and path normalization.
+* It supports IDNA hostnames, normalizing them to their encoded form.
+* The API supports passing individual components, as well as the complete URL string.
+
+Previously we relied on the excellent `rfc3986` package to handle URL parsing and
+validation, but this module provides a simpler alternative, with less indirection
+required.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+import re
+import typing
+
+import idna
+
+from ._exceptions import InvalidURL
+
+MAX_URL_LENGTH = 65536
+
+# https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html#section-2.3
+UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS = (
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~"
+)
+SUB_DELIMS = "!$&'()*+,;="
+
+PERCENT_ENCODED_REGEX = re.compile("%[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}")
+
+# https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes
+
+# The fragment percent-encode set is the C0 control percent-encode set
+# and U+0020 SPACE, U+0022 ("), U+003C (<), U+003E (>), and U+0060 (`).
+FRAG_SAFE = "".join(
+    [chr(i) for i in range(0x20, 0x7F) if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x60)]
+)
+
+# The query percent-encode set is the C0 control percent-encode set
+# and U+0020 SPACE, U+0022 ("), U+0023 (#), U+003C (<), and U+003E (>).
+QUERY_SAFE = "".join(
+    [chr(i) for i in range(0x20, 0x7F) if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)]
+)
+
+# The path percent-encode set is the query percent-encode set
+# and U+003F (?), U+0060 (`), U+007B ({), and U+007D (}).
+PATH_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E) + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+    ]
+)
+
+# The userinfo percent-encode set is the path percent-encode set
+# and U+002F (/), U+003A (:), U+003B (;), U+003D (=), U+0040 (@),
+# U+005B ([) to U+005E (^), inclusive, and U+007C (|).
+USERNAME_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+PASSWORD_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+# Note... The terminology 'userinfo' percent-encode set in the WHATWG document
+# is used for the username and password quoting. For the joint userinfo component
+# we remove U+003A (:) from the safe set.
+USERINFO_SAFE = "".join(
+    [
+        chr(i)
+        for i in range(0x20, 0x7F)
+        if i
+        not in (0x20, 0x22, 0x23, 0x3C, 0x3E)
+        + (0x3F, 0x60, 0x7B, 0x7D)
+        + (0x2F, 0x3B, 0x3D, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x7C)
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# {scheme}:      (optional)
+# //{authority}  (optional)
+# {path}
+# ?{query}       (optional)
+# #{fragment}    (optional)
+URL_REGEX = re.compile(
+    (
+        r"(?:(?P<scheme>{scheme}):)?"
+        r"(?://(?P<authority>{authority}))?"
+        r"(?P<path>{path})"
+        r"(?:\?(?P<query>{query}))?"
+        r"(?:#(?P<fragment>{fragment}))?"
+    ).format(
+        scheme="([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)?",
+        authority="[^/?#]*",
+        path="[^?#]*",
+        query="[^#]*",
+        fragment=".*",
+    )
+)
+
+# {userinfo}@    (optional)
+# {host}
+# :{port}        (optional)
+AUTHORITY_REGEX = re.compile(
+    (
+        r"(?:(?P<userinfo>{userinfo})@)?" r"(?P<host>{host})" r":?(?P<port>{port})?"
+    ).format(
+        userinfo=".*",  # Any character sequence.
+        host="(\\[.*\\]|[^:@]*)",  # Either any character sequence excluding ':' or '@',
+        # or an IPv6 address enclosed within square brackets.
+        port=".*",  # Any character sequence.
+    )
+)
+
+
+# If we call urlparse with an individual component, then we need to regex
+# validate that component individually.
+# Note that we're duplicating the same strings as above. Shock! Horror!!
+COMPONENT_REGEX = {
+    "scheme": re.compile("([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)?"),
+    "authority": re.compile("[^/?#]*"),
+    "path": re.compile("[^?#]*"),
+    "query": re.compile("[^#]*"),
+    "fragment": re.compile(".*"),
+    "userinfo": re.compile("[^@]*"),
+    "host": re.compile("(\\[.*\\]|[^:]*)"),
+    "port": re.compile(".*"),
+}
+
+
+# We use these simple regexs as a first pass before handing off to
+# the stdlib 'ipaddress' module for IP address validation.
+IPv4_STYLE_HOSTNAME = re.compile(r"^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$")
+IPv6_STYLE_HOSTNAME = re.compile(r"^\[.*\]$")
+
+
+class ParseResult(typing.NamedTuple):
+    scheme: str
+    userinfo: str
+    host: str
+    port: int | None
+    path: str
+    query: str | None
+    fragment: str | None
+
+    @property
+    def authority(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.userinfo}@" if self.userinfo else "",
+                f"[{self.host}]" if ":" in self.host else self.host,
+                f":{self.port}" if self.port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"[{self.host}]" if ":" in self.host else self.host,
+                f":{self.port}" if self.port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: str | None) -> ParseResult:
+        if not kwargs:
+            return self
+
+        defaults = {
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "authority": self.authority,
+            "path": self.path,
+            "query": self.query,
+            "fragment": self.fragment,
+        }
+        defaults.update(kwargs)
+        return urlparse("", **defaults)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        authority = self.authority
+        return "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme else "",
+                f"//{authority}" if authority else "",
+                self.path,
+                f"?{self.query}" if self.query is not None else "",
+                f"#{self.fragment}" if self.fragment is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+def urlparse(url: str = "", **kwargs: str | None) -> ParseResult:
+    # Initial basic checks on allowable URLs.
+    # ---------------------------------------
+
+    # Hard limit the maximum allowable URL length.
+    if len(url) > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+        raise InvalidURL("URL too long")
+
+    # If a URL includes any ASCII control characters including \t, \r, \n,
+    # then treat it as invalid.
+    if any(char.isascii() and not char.isprintable() for char in url):
+        char = next(char for char in url if char.isascii() and not char.isprintable())
+        idx = url.find(char)
+        error = (
+            f"Invalid non-printable ASCII character in URL, {char!r} at position {idx}."
+        )
+        raise InvalidURL(error)
+
+    # Some keyword arguments require special handling.
+    # ------------------------------------------------
+
+    # Coerce "port" to a string, if it is provided as an integer.
+    if "port" in kwargs:
+        port = kwargs["port"]
+        kwargs["port"] = str(port) if isinstance(port, int) else port
+
+    # Replace "netloc" with "host and "port".
+    if "netloc" in kwargs:
+        netloc = kwargs.pop("netloc") or ""
+        kwargs["host"], _, kwargs["port"] = netloc.partition(":")
+
+    # Replace "username" and/or "password" with "userinfo".
+    if "username" in kwargs or "password" in kwargs:
+        username = quote(kwargs.pop("username", "") or "", safe=USERNAME_SAFE)
+        password = quote(kwargs.pop("password", "") or "", safe=PASSWORD_SAFE)
+        kwargs["userinfo"] = f"{username}:{password}" if password else username
+
+    # Replace "raw_path" with "path" and "query".
+    if "raw_path" in kwargs:
+        raw_path = kwargs.pop("raw_path") or ""
+        kwargs["path"], seperator, kwargs["query"] = raw_path.partition("?")
+        if not seperator:
+            kwargs["query"] = None
+
+    # Ensure that IPv6 "host" addresses are always escaped with "[...]".
+    if "host" in kwargs:
+        host = kwargs.get("host") or ""
+        if ":" in host and not (host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]")):
+            kwargs["host"] = f"[{host}]"
+
+    # If any keyword arguments are provided, ensure they are valid.
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    for key, value in kwargs.items():
+        if value is not None:
+            if len(value) > MAX_URL_LENGTH:
+                raise InvalidURL(f"URL component '{key}' too long")
+
+            # If a component includes any ASCII control characters including \t, \r, \n,
+            # then treat it as invalid.
+            if any(char.isascii() and not char.isprintable() for char in value):
+                char = next(
+                    char for char in value if char.isascii() and not char.isprintable()
+                )
+                idx = value.find(char)
+                error = (
+                    f"Invalid non-printable ASCII character in URL {key} component, "
+                    f"{char!r} at position {idx}."
+                )
+                raise InvalidURL(error)
+
+            # Ensure that keyword arguments match as a valid regex.
+            if not COMPONENT_REGEX[key].fullmatch(value):
+                raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid URL component '{key}'")
+
+    # The URL_REGEX will always match, but may have empty components.
+    url_match = URL_REGEX.match(url)
+    assert url_match is not None
+    url_dict = url_match.groupdict()
+
+    # * 'scheme', 'authority', and 'path' may be empty strings.
+    # * 'query' may be 'None', indicating no trailing "?" portion.
+    #   Any string including the empty string, indicates a trailing "?".
+    # * 'fragment' may be 'None', indicating no trailing "#" portion.
+    #   Any string including the empty string, indicates a trailing "#".
+    scheme = kwargs.get("scheme", url_dict["scheme"]) or ""
+    authority = kwargs.get("authority", url_dict["authority"]) or ""
+    path = kwargs.get("path", url_dict["path"]) or ""
+    query = kwargs.get("query", url_dict["query"])
+    frag = kwargs.get("fragment", url_dict["fragment"])
+
+    # The AUTHORITY_REGEX will always match, but may have empty components.
+    authority_match = AUTHORITY_REGEX.match(authority)
+    assert authority_match is not None
+    authority_dict = authority_match.groupdict()
+
+    # * 'userinfo' and 'host' may be empty strings.
+    # * 'port' may be 'None'.
+    userinfo = kwargs.get("userinfo", authority_dict["userinfo"]) or ""
+    host = kwargs.get("host", authority_dict["host"]) or ""
+    port = kwargs.get("port", authority_dict["port"])
+
+    # Normalize and validate each component.
+    # We end up with a parsed representation of the URL,
+    # with components that are plain ASCII bytestrings.
+    parsed_scheme: str = scheme.lower()
+    parsed_userinfo: str = quote(userinfo, safe=USERINFO_SAFE)
+    parsed_host: str = encode_host(host)
+    parsed_port: int | None = normalize_port(port, scheme)
+
+    has_scheme = parsed_scheme != ""
+    has_authority = (
+        parsed_userinfo != "" or parsed_host != "" or parsed_port is not None
+    )
+    validate_path(path, has_scheme=has_scheme, has_authority=has_authority)
+    if has_scheme or has_authority:
+        path = normalize_path(path)
+
+    parsed_path: str = quote(path, safe=PATH_SAFE)
+    parsed_query: str | None = None if query is None else quote(query, safe=QUERY_SAFE)
+    parsed_frag: str | None = None if frag is None else quote(frag, safe=FRAG_SAFE)
+
+    # The parsed ASCII bytestrings are our canonical form.
+    # All properties of the URL are derived from these.
+    return ParseResult(
+        parsed_scheme,
+        parsed_userinfo,
+        parsed_host,
+        parsed_port,
+        parsed_path,
+        parsed_query,
+        parsed_frag,
+    )
+
+
+def encode_host(host: str) -> str:
+    if not host:
+        return ""
+
+    elif IPv4_STYLE_HOSTNAME.match(host):
+        # Validate IPv4 hostnames like #.#.#.#
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # IPv4address = dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet "." dec-octet
+        try:
+            ipaddress.IPv4Address(host)
+        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IPv4 address: {host!r}")
+        return host
+
+    elif IPv6_STYLE_HOSTNAME.match(host):
+        # Validate IPv6 hostnames like [...]
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # "A host identified by an Internet Protocol literal address, version 6
+        # [RFC3513] or later, is distinguished by enclosing the IP literal
+        # within square brackets ("[" and "]").  This is the only place where
+        # square bracket characters are allowed in the URI syntax."
+        try:
+            ipaddress.IPv6Address(host[1:-1])
+        except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IPv6 address: {host!r}")
+        return host[1:-1]
+
+    elif host.isascii():
+        # Regular ASCII hostnames
+        #
+        # From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986/#section-3.2.2
+        #
+        # reg-name    = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims )
+        WHATWG_SAFE = '"`{}%|\\'
+        return quote(host.lower(), safe=SUB_DELIMS + WHATWG_SAFE)
+
+    # IDNA hostnames
+    try:
+        return idna.encode(host.lower()).decode("ascii")
+    except idna.IDNAError:
+        raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid IDNA hostname: {host!r}")
+
+
+def normalize_port(port: str | int | None, scheme: str) -> int | None:
+    # From https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.3
+    #
+    # "A scheme may define a default port.  For example, the "http" scheme
+    # defines a default port of "80", corresponding to its reserved TCP
+    # port number.  The type of port designated by the port number (e.g.,
+    # TCP, UDP, SCTP) is defined by the URI scheme.  URI producers and
+    # normalizers should omit the port component and its ":" delimiter if
+    # port is empty or if its value would be the same as that of the
+    # scheme's default."
+    if port is None or port == "":
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        port_as_int = int(port)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid port: {port!r}")
+
+    # See https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
+    default_port = {"ftp": 21, "http": 80, "https": 443, "ws": 80, "wss": 443}.get(
+        scheme
+    )
+    if port_as_int == default_port:
+        return None
+    return port_as_int
+
+
+def validate_path(path: str, has_scheme: bool, has_authority: bool) -> None:
+    """
+    Path validation rules that depend on if the URL contains
+    a scheme or authority component.
+
+    See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986.html#section-3.3
+    """
+    if has_authority:
+        # If a URI contains an authority component, then the path component
+        # must either be empty or begin with a slash ("/") character."
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            raise InvalidURL("For absolute URLs, path must be empty or begin with '/'")
+
+    if not has_scheme and not has_authority:
+        # If a URI does not contain an authority component, then the path cannot begin
+        # with two slash characters ("//").
+        if path.startswith("//"):
+            raise InvalidURL("Relative URLs cannot have a path starting with '//'")
+
+        # In addition, a URI reference (Section 4.1) may be a relative-path reference,
+        # in which case the first path segment cannot contain a colon (":") character.
+        if path.startswith(":"):
+            raise InvalidURL("Relative URLs cannot have a path starting with ':'")
+
+
+def normalize_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Drop "." and ".." segments from a URL path.
+
+    For example:
+
+        normalize_path("/path/./to/somewhere/..") == "/path/to"
+    """
+    # Fast return when no '.' characters in the path.
+    if "." not in path:
+        return path
+
+    components = path.split("/")
+
+    # Fast return when no '.' or '..' components in the path.
+    if "." not in components and ".." not in components:
+        return path
+
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4
+    output: list[str] = []
+    for component in components:
+        if component == ".":
+            pass
+        elif component == "..":
+            if output and output != [""]:
+                output.pop()
+        else:
+            output.append(component)
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def PERCENT(string: str) -> str:
+    return "".join([f"%{byte:02X}" for byte in string.encode("utf-8")])
+
+
+def percent_encoded(string: str, safe: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Use percent-encoding to quote a string.
+    """
+    NON_ESCAPED_CHARS = UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS + safe
+
+    # Fast path for strings that don't need escaping.
+    if not string.rstrip(NON_ESCAPED_CHARS):
+        return string
+
+    return "".join(
+        [char if char in NON_ESCAPED_CHARS else PERCENT(char) for char in string]
+    )
+
+
+def quote(string: str, safe: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Use percent-encoding to quote a string, omitting existing '%xx' escape sequences.
+
+    See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.1
+
+    * `string`: The string to be percent-escaped.
+    * `safe`: A string containing characters that may be treated as safe, and do not
+        need to be escaped. Unreserved characters are always treated as safe.
+        See: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-2.3
+    """
+    parts = []
+    current_position = 0
+    for match in re.finditer(PERCENT_ENCODED_REGEX, string):
+        start_position, end_position = match.start(), match.end()
+        matched_text = match.group(0)
+        # Add any text up to the '%xx' escape sequence.
+        if start_position != current_position:
+            leading_text = string[current_position:start_position]
+            parts.append(percent_encoded(leading_text, safe=safe))
+
+        # Add the '%xx' escape sequence.
+        parts.append(matched_text)
+        current_position = end_position
+
+    # Add any text after the final '%xx' escape sequence.
+    if current_position != len(string):
+        trailing_text = string[current_position:]
+        parts.append(percent_encoded(trailing_text, safe=safe))
+
+    return "".join(parts)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..147a8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_urls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs, unquote, urlencode
+
+import idna
+
+from ._types import QueryParamTypes
+from ._urlparse import urlparse
+from ._utils import primitive_value_to_str
+
+__all__ = ["URL", "QueryParams"]
+
+
+class URL:
+    """
+    url = httpx.URL("HTTPS://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink")
+
+    assert url.scheme == "https"
+    assert url.username == "jo@email.com"
+    assert url.password == "a secret"
+    assert url.userinfo == b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret"
+    assert url.host == "müller.de"
+    assert url.raw_host == b"xn--mller-kva.de"
+    assert url.port == 1234
+    assert url.netloc == b"xn--mller-kva.de:1234"
+    assert url.path == "/pa th"
+    assert url.query == b"?search=ab"
+    assert url.raw_path == b"/pa%20th?search=ab"
+    assert url.fragment == "anchorlink"
+
+    The components of a URL are broken down like this:
+
+       https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@müller.de:1234/pa%20th?search=ab#anchorlink
+    [scheme]   [  username  ] [password] [ host ][port][ path ] [ query ] [fragment]
+               [       userinfo        ] [   netloc   ][    raw_path    ]
+
+    Note that:
+
+    * `url.scheme` is normalized to always be lowercased.
+
+    * `url.host` is normalized to always be lowercased. Internationalized domain
+      names are represented in unicode, without IDNA encoding applied. For instance:
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.raw_host` is normalized to always be lowercased, and is IDNA encoded.
+
+      url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+      url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+      assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+    * `url.port` is either None or an integer. URLs that include the default port for
+      "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes have their port
+      normalized to `None`.
+
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com") == httpx.URL("http://example.com:80")
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com").port is None
+      assert httpx.URL("http://example.com:80").port is None
+
+    * `url.userinfo` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. Usually you'll want to work
+      with `url.username` and `url.password` instead, which handle the URL escaping.
+
+    * `url.raw_path` is raw bytes of both the path and query, without URL escaping.
+      This portion is used as the target when constructing HTTP requests. Usually you'll
+      want to work with `url.path` instead.
+
+    * `url.query` is raw bytes, without URL escaping. A URL query string portion can
+      only be properly URL escaped when decoding the parameter names and values
+      themselves.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: URL | str = "", **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        if kwargs:
+            allowed = {
+                "scheme": str,
+                "username": str,
+                "password": str,
+                "userinfo": bytes,
+                "host": str,
+                "port": int,
+                "netloc": bytes,
+                "path": str,
+                "query": bytes,
+                "raw_path": bytes,
+                "fragment": str,
+                "params": object,
+            }
+
+            # Perform type checking for all supported keyword arguments.
+            for key, value in kwargs.items():
+                if key not in allowed:
+                    message = f"{key!r} is an invalid keyword argument for URL()"
+                    raise TypeError(message)
+                if value is not None and not isinstance(value, allowed[key]):
+                    expected = allowed[key].__name__
+                    seen = type(value).__name__
+                    message = f"Argument {key!r} must be {expected} but got {seen}"
+                    raise TypeError(message)
+                if isinstance(value, bytes):
+                    kwargs[key] = value.decode("ascii")
+
+            if "params" in kwargs:
+                # Replace any "params" keyword with the raw "query" instead.
+                #
+                # Ensure that empty params use `kwargs["query"] = None` rather
+                # than `kwargs["query"] = ""`, so that generated URLs do not
+                # include an empty trailing "?".
+                params = kwargs.pop("params")
+                kwargs["query"] = None if not params else str(QueryParams(params))
+
+        if isinstance(url, str):
+            self._uri_reference = urlparse(url, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(url, URL):
+            self._uri_reference = url._uri_reference.copy_with(**kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Invalid type for url.  Expected str or httpx.URL,"
+                f" got {type(url)}: {url!r}"
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL scheme, such as "http", "https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def raw_scheme(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL scheme, such as b"http", b"https".
+        Always normalised to lowercase.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.scheme.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def userinfo(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL userinfo as a raw bytestring.
+        For example: b"jo%40email.com:a%20secret".
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.userinfo.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL username as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "jo@email.com"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[0])
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL password as a string, with URL decoding applied.
+        For example: "a secret"
+        """
+        userinfo = self._uri_reference.userinfo
+        return unquote(userinfo.partition(":")[2])
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL host as a string.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, with IDNA hosts decoded into unicode.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.host == "www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.host == "中国.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.host == "::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        host: str = self._uri_reference.host
+
+        if host.startswith("xn--"):
+            host = idna.decode(host)
+
+        return host
+
+    @property
+    def raw_host(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The raw bytes representation of the URL host.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://www.EXAMPLE.org")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"www.example.org"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://中国.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("http://xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"xn--fiqs8s.icom.museum"
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://[::ffff:192.168.0.1]")
+        assert url.raw_host == b"::ffff:192.168.0.1"
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.host.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        The URL port as an integer.
+
+        Note that the URL class performs port normalization as per the WHATWG spec.
+        Default ports for "http", "https", "ws", "wss", and "ftp" schemes are always
+        treated as `None`.
+
+        For example:
+
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com") == httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80")
+        assert httpx.URL("http://www.example.com:80").port is None
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.port
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Either `<host>` or `<host>:<port>` as bytes.
+        Always normalized to lowercase, and IDNA encoded.
+
+        This property may be used for generating the value of a request
+        "Host" header.
+        """
+        return self._uri_reference.netloc.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL path as a string. Excluding the query string, and URL decoded.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/pa%20th")
+        assert url.path == "/pa th"
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        return unquote(path)
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The URL query string, as raw bytes, excluding the leading b"?".
+
+        This is necessarily a bytewise interface, because we cannot
+        perform URL decoding of this representation until we've parsed
+        the keys and values into a QueryParams instance.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://example.com/?filter=some%20search%20terms")
+        assert url.query == b"filter=some%20search%20terms"
+        """
+        query = self._uri_reference.query or ""
+        return query.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        The URL query parameters, neatly parsed and packaged into an immutable
+        multidict representation.
+        """
+        return QueryParams(self._uri_reference.query)
+
+    @property
+    def raw_path(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        The complete URL path and query string as raw bytes.
+        Used as the target when constructing HTTP requests.
+
+        For example:
+
+        GET /users?search=some%20text HTTP/1.1
+        Host: www.example.org
+        Connection: close
+        """
+        path = self._uri_reference.path or "/"
+        if self._uri_reference.query is not None:
+            path += "?" + self._uri_reference.query
+        return path.encode("ascii")
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The URL fragments, as used in HTML anchors.
+        As a string, without the leading '#'.
+        """
+        return unquote(self._uri_reference.fragment or "")
+
+    @property
+    def is_absolute_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `True` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `False` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        # We don't use `.is_absolute` from `rfc3986` because it treats
+        # URLs with a fragment portion as not absolute.
+        # What we actually care about is if the URL provides
+        # a scheme and hostname to which connections should be made.
+        return bool(self._uri_reference.scheme and self._uri_reference.host)
+
+    @property
+    def is_relative_url(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return `False` for absolute URLs such as 'http://example.com/path',
+        and `True` for relative URLs such as '/path'.
+        """
+        return not self.is_absolute_url
+
+    def copy_with(self, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> URL:
+        """
+        Copy this URL, returning a new URL with some components altered.
+        Accepts the same set of parameters as the components that are made
+        available via properties on the `URL` class.
+
+        For example:
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com").copy_with(
+            username="jo@gmail.com", password="a secret"
+        )
+        assert url == "https://jo%40email.com:a%20secret@www.example.com"
+        """
+        return URL(self, **kwargs)
+
+    def copy_set_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.set(key, value))
+
+    def copy_add_param(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.add(key, value))
+
+    def copy_remove_param(self, key: str) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.remove(key))
+
+    def copy_merge_params(self, params: QueryParamTypes) -> URL:
+        return self.copy_with(params=self.params.merge(params))
+
+    def join(self, url: URL | str) -> URL:
+        """
+        Return an absolute URL, using this URL as the base.
+
+        Eg.
+
+        url = httpx.URL("https://www.example.com/test")
+        url = url.join("/new/path")
+        assert url == "https://www.example.com/new/path"
+        """
+        from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+        return URL(urljoin(str(self), str(URL(url))))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, (URL, str)) and str(self) == str(URL(other))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._uri_reference)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        scheme, userinfo, host, port, path, query, fragment = self._uri_reference
+
+        if ":" in userinfo:
+            # Mask any password component.
+            userinfo = f'{userinfo.split(":")[0]}:[secure]'
+
+        authority = "".join(
+            [
+                f"{userinfo}@" if userinfo else "",
+                f"[{host}]" if ":" in host else host,
+                f":{port}" if port is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+        url = "".join(
+            [
+                f"{self.scheme}:" if scheme else "",
+                f"//{authority}" if authority else "",
+                path,
+                f"?{query}" if query is not None else "",
+                f"#{fragment}" if fragment is not None else "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({url!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> tuple[bytes, bytes, int, bytes]:  # pragma: nocover
+        import collections
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn("URL.raw is deprecated.")
+        RawURL = collections.namedtuple(
+            "RawURL", ["raw_scheme", "raw_host", "port", "raw_path"]
+        )
+        return RawURL(
+            raw_scheme=self.raw_scheme,
+            raw_host=self.raw_host,
+            port=self.port,
+            raw_path=self.raw_path,
+        )
+
+
+class QueryParams(typing.Mapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    URL query parameters, as a multi-dict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: QueryParamTypes | None, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+        assert not (args and kwargs), "Cannot mix named and unnamed arguments."
+
+        value = args[0] if args else kwargs
+
+        if value is None or isinstance(value, (str, bytes)):
+            value = value.decode("ascii") if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
+            self._dict = parse_qs(value, keep_blank_values=True)
+        elif isinstance(value, QueryParams):
+            self._dict = {k: list(v) for k, v in value._dict.items()}
+        else:
+            dict_value: dict[typing.Any, list[typing.Any]] = {}
+            if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+                # Convert list inputs like:
+                #     [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+                # To a dict representation, like:
+                #     {"a": ["123", "456"], "b": ["789"]}
+                for item in value:
+                    dict_value.setdefault(item[0], []).append(item[1])
+            else:
+                # Convert dict inputs like:
+                #    {"a": "123", "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                # To dict inputs where values are always lists, like:
+                #    {"a": ["123"], "b": ["456", "789"]}
+                dict_value = {
+                    k: list(v) if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else [v]
+                    for k, v in value.items()
+                }
+
+            # Ensure that keys and values are neatly coerced to strings.
+            # We coerce values `True` and `False` to JSON-like "true" and "false"
+            # representations, and coerce `None` values to the empty string.
+            self._dict = {
+                str(k): [primitive_value_to_str(item) for item in v]
+                for k, v in dict_value.items()
+            }
+
+    def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
+        """
+        Return all the keys in the query params.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.keys()) == ["a", "b"]
+        """
+        return self._dict.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
+        """
+        Return all the values in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.values()) == ["123", "789"]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> typing.ItemsView[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. If a key occurs more than once
+        only the first item for that key is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.items()) == [("a", "123"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        return {k: v[0] for k, v in self._dict.items()}.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return all items in the query params. Allow duplicate keys to occur.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert list(q.multi_items()) == [("a", "123"), ("a", "456"), ("b", "789")]
+        """
+        multi_items: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        for k, v in self._dict.items():
+            multi_items.extend([(k, i) for i in v])
+        return multi_items
+
+    def get(self, key: typing.Any, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        """
+        Get a value from the query param for a given key. If the key occurs
+        more than once, then only the first value is returned.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get("a") == "123"
+        """
+        if key in self._dict:
+            return self._dict[str(key)][0]
+        return default
+
+    def get_list(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Get all values from the query param for a given key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456&b=789")
+        assert q.get_list("a") == ["123", "456"]
+        """
+        return list(self._dict.get(str(key), []))
+
+    def set(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.set("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def add(self, key: str, value: typing.Any = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, setting or appending the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.add("a", "456")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&a=456")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict[str(key)] = q.get_list(key) + [primitive_value_to_str(value)]
+        return q
+
+    def remove(self, key: str) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, removing the value of a key.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.remove("a")
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams()
+        q._dict = dict(self._dict)
+        q._dict.pop(str(key), None)
+        return q
+
+    def merge(self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None) -> QueryParams:
+        """
+        Return a new QueryParams instance, updated with.
+
+        Usage:
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"b": "456"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=123&b=456")
+
+        q = httpx.QueryParams("a=123")
+        q = q.merge({"a": "456", "b": "789"})
+        assert q == httpx.QueryParams("a=456&b=789")
+        """
+        q = QueryParams(params)
+        q._dict = {**self._dict, **q._dict}
+        return q
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: typing.Any) -> str:
+        return self._dict[key][0]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[typing.Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._dict)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self.multi_items()) == sorted(other.multi_items())
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return urlencode(self.multi_items())
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        query_string = str(self)
+        return f"{class_name}({query_string!r})"
+
+    def update(self, params: QueryParamTypes | None = None) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.merge(...)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "QueryParams are immutable since 0.18.0. "
+            "Use `q = q.set(key, value)` to create an updated copy."
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fe827d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+import os
+import re
+import typing
+from urllib.request import getproxies
+
+from ._types import PrimitiveData
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._urls import URL
+
+
+def primitive_value_to_str(value: PrimitiveData) -> str:
+    """
+    Coerce a primitive data type into a string value.
+
+    Note that we prefer JSON-style 'true'/'false' for boolean values here.
+    """
+    if value is True:
+        return "true"
+    elif value is False:
+        return "false"
+    elif value is None:
+        return ""
+    return str(value)
+
+
+def get_environment_proxies() -> dict[str, str | None]:
+    """Gets proxy information from the environment"""
+
+    # urllib.request.getproxies() falls back on System
+    # Registry and Config for proxies on Windows and macOS.
+    # We don't want to propagate non-HTTP proxies into
+    # our configuration such as 'TRAVIS_APT_PROXY'.
+    proxy_info = getproxies()
+    mounts: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+    for scheme in ("http", "https", "all"):
+        if proxy_info.get(scheme):
+            hostname = proxy_info[scheme]
+            mounts[f"{scheme}://"] = (
+                hostname if "://" in hostname else f"http://{hostname}"
+            )
+
+    no_proxy_hosts = [host.strip() for host in proxy_info.get("no", "").split(",")]
+    for hostname in no_proxy_hosts:
+        # See https://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_NOPROXY.html for details
+        # on how names in `NO_PROXY` are handled.
+        if hostname == "*":
+            # If NO_PROXY=* is used or if "*" occurs as any one of the comma
+            # separated hostnames, then we should just bypass any information
+            # from HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, ALL_PROXY, and always ignore
+            # proxies.
+            return {}
+        elif hostname:
+            # NO_PROXY=.google.com is marked as "all://*.google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" but not "google.com"
+            # NO_PROXY=google.com is marked as "all://*google.com,
+            #   which disables "www.google.com" and "google.com".
+            #   (But not "wwwgoogle.com")
+            # NO_PROXY can include domains, IPv6, IPv4 addresses and "localhost"
+            #   NO_PROXY=example.com,::1,localhost,192.168.0.0/16
+            if "://" in hostname:
+                mounts[hostname] = None
+            elif is_ipv4_hostname(hostname):
+                mounts[f"all://{hostname}"] = None
+            elif is_ipv6_hostname(hostname):
+                mounts[f"all://[{hostname}]"] = None
+            elif hostname.lower() == "localhost":
+                mounts[f"all://{hostname}"] = None
+            else:
+                mounts[f"all://*{hostname}"] = None
+
+    return mounts
+
+
+def to_bytes(value: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> bytes:
+    return value.encode(encoding) if isinstance(value, str) else value
+
+
+def to_str(value: str | bytes, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+    return value if isinstance(value, str) else value.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def to_bytes_or_str(value: str, match_type_of: typing.AnyStr) -> typing.AnyStr:
+    return value if isinstance(match_type_of, str) else value.encode()
+
+
+def unquote(value: str) -> str:
+    return value[1:-1] if value[0] == value[-1] == '"' else value
+
+
+def peek_filelike_length(stream: typing.Any) -> int | None:
+    """
+    Given a file-like stream object, return its length in number of bytes
+    without reading it into memory.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Is it an actual file?
+        fd = stream.fileno()
+        # Yup, seems to be an actual file.
+        length = os.fstat(fd).st_size
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        # No... Maybe it's something that supports random access, like `io.BytesIO`?
+        try:
+            # Assuming so, go to end of stream to figure out its length,
+            # then put it back in place.
+            offset = stream.tell()
+            length = stream.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
+            stream.seek(offset)
+        except (AttributeError, OSError):
+            # Not even that? Sorry, we're doomed...
+            return None
+
+    return length
+
+
+class URLPattern:
+    """
+    A utility class currently used for making lookups against proxy keys...
+
+    # Wildcard matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+
+    # Witch scheme matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    False
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # Wildcard scheme, with domain matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("all://example.com")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("http://example.com"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://other.com"))
+    False
+
+    # With port matching...
+    >>> pattern = URLPattern("https://example.com:1234")
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com:1234"))
+    True
+    >>> pattern.matches(httpx.URL("https://example.com"))
+    False
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern: str) -> None:
+        from ._urls import URL
+
+        if pattern and ":" not in pattern:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Proxy keys should use proper URL forms rather "
+                f"than plain scheme strings. "
+                f'Instead of "{pattern}", use "{pattern}://"'
+            )
+
+        url = URL(pattern)
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.scheme = "" if url.scheme == "all" else url.scheme
+        self.host = "" if url.host == "*" else url.host
+        self.port = url.port
+        if not url.host or url.host == "*":
+            self.host_regex: typing.Pattern[str] | None = None
+        elif url.host.startswith("*."):
+            # *.example.com should match "www.example.com", but not "example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host[2:])
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^.+\\.{domain}$")
+        elif url.host.startswith("*"):
+            # *example.com should match "www.example.com" and "example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host[1:])
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^(.+\\.)?{domain}$")
+        else:
+            # example.com should match "example.com" but not "www.example.com"
+            domain = re.escape(url.host)
+            self.host_regex = re.compile(f"^{domain}$")
+
+    def matches(self, other: URL) -> bool:
+        if self.scheme and self.scheme != other.scheme:
+            return False
+        if (
+            self.host
+            and self.host_regex is not None
+            and not self.host_regex.match(other.host)
+        ):
+            return False
+        if self.port is not None and self.port != other.port:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def priority(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """
+        The priority allows URLPattern instances to be sortable, so that
+        we can match from most specific to least specific.
+        """
+        # URLs with a port should take priority over URLs without a port.
+        port_priority = 0 if self.port is not None else 1
+        # Longer hostnames should match first.
+        host_priority = -len(self.host)
+        # Longer schemes should match first.
+        scheme_priority = -len(self.scheme)
+        return (port_priority, host_priority, scheme_priority)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.pattern)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: URLPattern) -> bool:
+        return self.priority < other.priority
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: typing.Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, URLPattern) and self.pattern == other.pattern
+
+
+def is_ipv4_hostname(hostname: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv4Address(hostname.split("/")[0])
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_ipv6_hostname(hostname: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ipaddress.IPv6Address(hostname.split("/")[0])
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/httpx/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c4bf89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: idna
+Version: 3.18
+Summary: Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)
+Author-email: Kim Davies <kim+pypi@gumleaf.org>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: Name Service (DNS)
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Requires-Dist: ruff >= 0.6.2 ; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: mypy >= 1.11.2 ; extra == "all"
+Requires-Dist: pytest >= 8.3.2 ; extra == "all"
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/kjd/idna/blob/master/HISTORY.md
+Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/kjd/idna/issues
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/kjd/idna
+Provides-Extra: all
+
+# Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)
+
+Support for [Internationalized Domain Names in Applications
+(IDNA)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891) and [Unicode IDNA
+Compatibility Processing](https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/). It
+supersedes the standard library's `encodings.idna`, which only
+implements the 2003 specification, offering broader script coverage and
+limiting domains with known security vulnerabilities.
+
+## Usage
+
+Package may be installed from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/idna/) via
+the typical methods (e.g. `python3 -m pip install idna`)
+
+For typical usage, the `encode` and `decode` functions will take a
+domain name argument and perform a conversion to ASCII-compatible encoding
+(known as A-labels), or to Unicode strings (known as U-labels)
+respectively.
+
+```pycon
+>>> import idna
+>>> idna.encode('ドメイン.テスト')
+b'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah'
+>>> print(idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah'))
+ドメイン.テスト
+```
+
+Conversions can be applied at a per-label basis using the `ulabel` or
+`alabel` functions for specialized use cases.
+
+
+### Compatibility Mapping (UTS #46)
+
+This library provides support for [Unicode IDNA Compatibility
+Processing](https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/) which normalizes input from
+different potential ways a user may input a domain prior to performing the IDNA
+conversion operations. This functionality, known as a
+[mapping](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5895), is considered by the
+specification to be a local user-interface issue distinct from IDNA
+conversion functionality.
+
+For example, "Königsgäßchen" is not a permissible label as capital letters
+are not allowed. UTS 46 will convert this into lower case prior to applying
+the IDNA conversion.
+
+```pycon
+>>> import idna
+>>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen')
+...
+idna.core.InvalidCodepoint: Codepoint U+004B at position 1 of 'Königsgäßchen' not allowed
+>>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen', uts46=True)
+b'xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun'
+>>> idna.decode('xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun')
+'königsgäßchen'
+```
+
+When performing a decode operation for display purposes, `decode()`
+accepts a `display=True` argument that leaves any `xn--` label that
+fails to decode unchanged. This is useful for user interface display
+where a domain is in use, the A-label form can be presented when it
+is not a valid IDN.
+
+
+## Exceptions
+
+All errors raised during conversion derive from the `idna.IDNAError`
+base class. The more specific exceptions are:
+
+* `idna.IDNABidiError` — raised when a label contains an illegal
+  combination of left-to-right and right-to-left characters.
+* `idna.InvalidCodepoint` — raised when a label contains a codepoint
+  that is INVALID for IDNA.
+* `idna.InvalidCodepointContext` — raised when a CONTEXTO or CONTEXTJ
+  codepoint appears in a position whose contextual requirements are
+  not satisfied.
+
+
+## Command-line tool
+
+The package supports command-line usage to convert domain names
+between their Unicode and ASCII-compatible forms. It can be run either
+as a module (`python3 -m idna`) or, once installed (such as with `uv
+tool` or `pipx`), via the `idna` script:
+
+```bash
+$ uv tool install idna
+$ idna xn--e1afmkfd.xn--p1ai
+пример.рф
+$ idna пример.рф
+xn--e1afmkfd.xn--p1ai
+```
+
+Mode can be specified with `-e`/`--encode` or `-d`/`--decode`, otherwise
+it will be chosen automatically based on the first input. Multiple
+domains can be supplied either as arguments or through standard input.
+UTS #46 mapping is applied by default, which lets the tool accept
+inputs that aren't strictly valid IDNA 2008 by normalising them first,
+pass `--strict` to disable UTS #46.
+
+Conversion failures are reported on stderr together with the
+offending input; processing continues with the remaining domains and
+the tool exits with a non-zero status if any conversion failed.
+
+
+## Additional Notes
+
+* **Version support**. This library supports Python 3.9 and higher.
+  As this library serves as a low-level toolkit for a variety of
+  applications, we strive to support all versions of Python that are
+  not beyond end-of-life.
+
+* **Emoji**. It is an occasional request to support emoji domains in
+  this library. Encoding of symbols like emoji is expressly prohibited by
+  the IDNA technical standard, and emoji domains are broadly phased
+  out across the domain industry due to associated security risks.
+
+* **Regenerating lookup tables**. The IDNA and UTS 46 functionality
+  relies upon pre-calculated lookup tables, generated using the
+  `idna-data` script in [`tools/`](tools/README.md).
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd2cf73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+../../../bin/idna,sha256=eB-s6YBSbfasFjEMKmZapzVcjsWJLGnH6fAM-BvjsPU,256
+idna-3.18.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+idna-3.18.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=Rt_m5axGLQ9oDs2avPZugptqIzSCS02eOXmzETXK8oE,6119
+idna-3.18.dist-info/RECORD,,
+idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=7H3nGOHap3jnLE5e7q7Ywr9Vq8axB7WIj5-C_4N2vhw,38
+idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md,sha256=GppPDj1HmickDd1ZqRN6ZqtKD539yMphiMwL_YUYfwQ,1541
+idna/__init__.py,sha256=MPqNDLZbXqGaNdXxAFhiqFPKEQXju2jNQhCey6-5eJM,868
+idna/__main__.py,sha256=4JMK66Wj4uLZTKbF-sT3LAxOsr6buig77PmOkJCRRxw,83
+idna/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/codec.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/compat.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/idnadata.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/intranges.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/package_data.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/__pycache__/uts46data.cpython-312.pyc,,
+idna/cli.py,sha256=swqJLMNc8Uzs60KziNpbWnHuqlG3WRQwJSbo4n8xDAo,4139
+idna/codec.py,sha256=JRbo-f7pEkLdWeiH89Z72UR4VBYhvKDFrQBeNX6sRDE,5040
+idna/compat.py,sha256=AepA39ceRHxkfHP41-FvKW5Ki-f4PfUZ90RUMlCNdmo,1353
+idna/core.py,sha256=SfOr1xO3PoE0RDYx7bMciAnjiyjJPbPw_93AB5IUYOw,24685
+idna/idnadata.py,sha256=Af-mo8WBmkhAK6TyXKOQH88OX0mQNDKtdL7UWtQpppk,44862
+idna/intranges.py,sha256=g49scLSkqJtAhLmOODa7hVHriSjmb60tiTsEoocJdBI,1851
+idna/package_data.py,sha256=TeI94EqAFAFaXfBJwsOPUMLn2969uirPa-DaeaceAyU,21
+idna/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+idna/uts46data.py,sha256=jujNz5QqWMcJf-XYLv4X1jBvb5FlI0t6-e1mILsgbPk,234325
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b9936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59ca7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[console_scripts]
+idna=idna.cli:main
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f706835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna-3.18.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2026, Kim Davies and contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+   this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfdc030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from .core import (
+    IDNABidiError,
+    IDNAError,
+    InvalidCodepoint,
+    InvalidCodepointContext,
+    alabel,
+    check_bidi,
+    check_hyphen_ok,
+    check_initial_combiner,
+    check_label,
+    check_nfc,
+    decode,
+    encode,
+    ulabel,
+    uts46_remap,
+    valid_contextj,
+    valid_contexto,
+    valid_label_length,
+    valid_string_length,
+)
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+from .package_data import __version__
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "IDNABidiError",
+    "IDNAError",
+    "InvalidCodepoint",
+    "InvalidCodepointContext",
+    "alabel",
+    "check_bidi",
+    "check_hyphen_ok",
+    "check_initial_combiner",
+    "check_label",
+    "check_nfc",
+    "decode",
+    "encode",
+    "intranges_contain",
+    "ulabel",
+    "uts46_remap",
+    "valid_contextj",
+    "valid_contexto",
+    "valid_label_length",
+    "valid_string_length",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbdd066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import sys
+
+from .cli import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4acda2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+"""Command-line interface for the :mod:`idna` package.
+
+Invoked via ``python -m idna``. See :func:`main` for the entry point.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import IO, Optional
+
+from . import IDNAError, decode, encode
+from .core import _alabel_prefix, _unicode_dots_re
+from .package_data import __version__
+
+
+def _looks_like_alabel(s: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True if any label in ``s`` carries the ``xn--`` ACE prefix."""
+    prefix = _alabel_prefix.decode("ascii")
+    return any(label.lower().startswith(prefix) for label in _unicode_dots_re.split(s))
+
+
+def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="python -m idna",
+        description=(
+            "Convert a domain name between its Unicode (U-label) and "
+            "ASCII-compatible (A-label) forms. With no mode flag, the "
+            "direction is chosen from the first input — if it contains "
+            "an xn-- label the stream is decoded, otherwise it is "
+            "encoded — and the same mode is applied to every remaining "
+            "input. UTS #46 mapping is applied by default; pass "
+            "--strict to disable it. When no domains are given on the "
+            "command line and stdin is piped, one domain per line is "
+            "read from stdin."
+        ),
+    )
+    mode = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    mode.add_argument(
+        "-e",
+        "--encode",
+        dest="mode",
+        action="store_const",
+        const="encode",
+        help="Encode the input to its ASCII A-label form.",
+    )
+    mode.add_argument(
+        "-d",
+        "--decode",
+        dest="mode",
+        action="store_const",
+        const="decode",
+        help="Decode the input from its ASCII A-label form.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--strict",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Disable the default UTS #46 mapping and apply IDNA 2008 rules verbatim.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--version",
+        action="version",
+        version=f"idna {__version__}",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "domain",
+        nargs="*",
+        help="One or more domain names to convert. Omit to read from stdin.",
+    )
+    return parser
+
+
+def _iter_stdin(stream: IO[str]) -> Iterable[str]:
+    """Yield non-empty stripped lines from ``stream``, ignoring blanks."""
+    for line in stream:
+        stripped = line.strip()
+        if stripped:
+            yield stripped
+
+
+def _convert_one(domain: str, mode: str, uts46: bool) -> bool:
+    """Convert ``domain`` and write the result; return ``False`` on failure."""
+    try:
+        if mode == "decode":
+            print(decode(domain, uts46=uts46))
+        else:
+            print(encode(domain, uts46=uts46).decode("ascii"))
+    except IDNAError as err:
+        print(f"idna: {mode} failed for {domain!r}: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def main(argv: Optional[list[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """Entry point for ``python -m idna``.
+
+    When more than one domain is supplied (via positional arguments or
+    piped stdin) and no mode flag is given, the first input determines
+    the direction and that mode is applied uniformly to the rest.
+
+    :param argv: Argument list excluding the program name. Defaults to
+        :data:`sys.argv` when ``None``.
+    :returns: ``0`` on success, ``1`` if any conversion fails.
+    """
+    parser = _build_parser()
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    uts46 = not args.strict
+
+    if args.domain:
+        domains: Iterable[str] = args.domain
+    elif not sys.stdin.isatty():
+        domains = _iter_stdin(sys.stdin)
+    else:
+        parser.error("a domain argument is required when stdin is a terminal")
+
+    iterator = iter(domains)
+    first = next(iterator, None)
+    if first is None:
+        return 0
+
+    mode = args.mode or ("decode" if _looks_like_alabel(first) else "encode")
+
+    results = [_convert_one(domain, mode, uts46) for domain in chain([first], iterator)]
+    return 0 if all(results) else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/codec.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/codec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83b42fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/codec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import codecs
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+from .core import IDNAError, _unicode_dots_re, alabel, decode, encode, ulabel
+
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+    """Stateless IDNA 2008 codec.
+
+    Implements the :class:`codecs.Codec` protocol so that the whole-domain
+    encoder (:func:`idna.encode`) and decoder (:func:`idna.decode`) are
+    accessible through the standard codec machinery as ``"idna2008"``.
+
+    Only the ``"strict"`` error handler is supported; any other handler
+    raises :exc:`~idna.IDNAError`.
+    """
+
+    def encode(self, data: str, errors: str = "strict") -> tuple[bytes, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        return encode(data), len(data)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, errors: str = "strict") -> tuple[str, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return "", 0
+
+        return decode(data), len(data)
+
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalEncoder):
+    """Incremental IDNA 2008 encoder.
+
+    Buffers a partial trailing label across calls until either the next
+    label separator is seen or ``final=True``, so that streamed input is
+    encoded one whole label at a time. Any of the four Unicode label
+    separators (``U+002E``, ``U+3002``, ``U+FF0E``, ``U+FF61``) ends a
+    label; the result always uses ``U+002E`` as the separator.
+
+    Only the ``"strict"`` error handler is supported.
+    """
+
+    def _buffer_encode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> tuple[bytes, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = b""
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = b"."
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = b"."
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(alabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        # Join with U+002E
+        result_bytes = b".".join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return result_bytes, size
+
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalDecoder):
+    """Incremental IDNA 2008 decoder.
+
+    Buffers a partial trailing label across calls until either the next
+    label separator is seen or ``final=True``, so that streamed input is
+    decoded one whole label at a time.
+
+    Only the ``"strict"`` error handler is supported.
+    """
+
+    def _buffer_decode(self, data: Any, errors: str, final: bool) -> tuple[str, int]:  # ty: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        if errors != "strict":
+            raise IDNAError(f'Unsupported error handling "{errors}"')
+
+        if not data:
+            return ("", 0)
+
+        if not isinstance(data, str):
+            data = str(data, "ascii")
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ""
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = "."
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = "."
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(ulabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        result_str = ".".join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return (result_str, size)
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+def search_function(name: str) -> Optional[codecs.CodecInfo]:
+    """Codec search function registered with :mod:`codecs`.
+
+    Returns a :class:`codecs.CodecInfo` for the ``"idna2008"`` codec name
+    so that ``str.encode("idna2008")`` and ``bytes.decode("idna2008")``
+    invoke the IDNA 2008 codec defined in this module.
+
+    :param name: The codec name being looked up.
+    :returns: A :class:`codecs.CodecInfo` instance if ``name`` is
+        ``"idna2008"``, otherwise ``None``.
+    """
+    if name != "idna2008":
+        return None
+    return codecs.CodecInfo(
+        name=name,
+        encode=Codec().encode,
+        decode=Codec().decode,  # type: ignore
+        incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+        incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+        streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+        streamreader=StreamReader,
+    )
+
+
+codecs.register(search_function)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d01e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+from .core import decode, encode
+
+
+def ToASCII(label: str) -> bytes:
+    """Compatibility shim for :rfc:`3490` ``ToASCII``.
+
+    Delegates to :func:`idna.encode` (IDNA 2008). Provided to ease porting
+    of code written against the legacy :mod:`encodings.idna` API; new code
+    should call :func:`idna.encode` directly.
+
+    :param label: The label or domain to encode.
+    :returns: The encoded form as ASCII :class:`bytes`.
+    """
+    return encode(label)
+
+
+def ToUnicode(label: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    """Compatibility shim for :rfc:`3490` ``ToUnicode``.
+
+    Delegates to :func:`idna.decode` (IDNA 2008). Provided to ease porting
+    of code written against the legacy :mod:`encodings.idna` API; new code
+    should call :func:`idna.decode` directly.
+
+    :param label: The label or domain to decode.
+    :returns: The decoded Unicode form.
+    """
+    return decode(label)
+
+
+def nameprep(s: Any) -> None:
+    """Stub for :rfc:`3491` Nameprep, which is not used by IDNA 2008.
+
+    IDNA 2008 (:rfc:`5891`) replaces Nameprep with the per-codepoint
+    validity classes from :rfc:`5892`; this function exists only to
+    return a clear error if legacy code attempts to call it.
+
+    :raises NotImplementedError: Always.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError("IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ccbd1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+import bisect
+import re
+import unicodedata
+import warnings
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from . import idnadata
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+_virama_combining_class = 9
+_alabel_prefix = b"xn--"
+_max_input_length = 1024
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile("[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]")
+
+
+# Bidi category sets from RFC 5893, hoisted out of the per-codepoint loop
+_bidi_rtl_first = frozenset({"R", "AL"})
+_bidi_rtl_categories = frozenset({"R", "AL", "AN"})
+_bidi_rtl_allowed = frozenset({"R", "AL", "AN", "EN", "ES", "CS", "ET", "ON", "BN", "NSM"})
+_bidi_rtl_valid_ending = frozenset({"R", "AL", "EN", "AN"})
+_bidi_rtl_numeric = frozenset({"AN", "EN"})
+_bidi_ltr_allowed = frozenset({"L", "EN", "ES", "CS", "ET", "ON", "BN", "NSM"})
+_bidi_ltr_valid_ending = frozenset({"L", "EN"})
+_bidi_joiner_l_or_d = frozenset({"L", "D"})
+_bidi_joiner_r_or_d = frozenset({"R", "D"})
+
+
+def _joining_type(cp: int) -> Optional[str]:
+    for jt, ranges in idnadata.joining_types.items():
+        if intranges_contain(cp, ranges):
+            return jt
+    return None
+
+
+class IDNAError(UnicodeError):
+    """Base exception for all IDNA-encoding related problems"""
+
+
+class IDNABidiError(IDNAError):
+    """Exception when bidirectional requirements are not satisfied"""
+
+
+class InvalidCodepoint(IDNAError):
+    """Exception when a disallowed or unallocated codepoint is used"""
+
+
+class InvalidCodepointContext(IDNAError):
+    """Exception when the codepoint is not valid in the context it is used"""
+
+
+def _combining_class(cp: int) -> int:
+    v = unicodedata.combining(chr(cp))
+    if v == 0 and not unicodedata.name(chr(cp)):
+        raise ValueError("Unknown character in unicodedata")
+    return v
+
+
+def _is_script(cp: str, script: str) -> bool:
+    return intranges_contain(ord(cp), idnadata.scripts[script])
+
+
+def _punycode(s: str) -> bytes:
+    return s.encode("punycode")
+
+
+def _unot(s: int) -> str:
+    return f"U+{s:04X}"
+
+
+def valid_label_length(label: Union[bytes, str]) -> bool:
+    """Check that a label does not exceed the maximum permitted length.
+
+    Per :rfc:`1035` (and :rfc:`5891` §4.2.4) a DNS label must not exceed
+    63 octets. The argument may be either a :class:`str` (a U-label, where
+    length is measured in characters) or :class:`bytes` (an A-label, where
+    length is measured in octets).
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the label is within the length limit, otherwise
+        ``False``.
+    """
+    return len(label) <= 63
+
+
+def valid_string_length(domain: Union[bytes, str], trailing_dot: bool) -> bool:
+    """Check that a full domain name does not exceed the maximum length.
+
+    Per :rfc:`1035`, a domain name is limited to 253 octets when no trailing
+    dot is present, or 254 octets when one is included.
+
+    :param domain: The full (possibly multi-label) domain name.
+    :param trailing_dot: ``True`` if ``domain`` includes a trailing ``.``.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the domain is within the length limit, otherwise
+        ``False``.
+    """
+    return len(domain) <= (254 if trailing_dot else 253)
+
+
+def check_bidi(label: str, check_ltr: bool = False) -> bool:
+    """Validate the Bidi Rule from :rfc:`5893` for a single label.
+
+    The Bidi Rule constrains how bidirectional characters (Hebrew, Arabic,
+    etc.) may appear within a label. By default the check is only applied
+    when the label contains at least one right-to-left character (Unicode
+    bidirectional categories ``R``, ``AL``, or ``AN``); set ``check_ltr``
+    to ``True`` to apply it to LTR-only labels as well.
+
+    :param label: The label to validate, as a Unicode string.
+    :param check_ltr: If ``True``, apply the rules even when the label
+        contains no RTL characters.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the label satisfies the Bidi Rule.
+    :raises IDNABidiError: If any of Bidi Rule conditions 1-6 are violated,
+        or if the directional category of a codepoint cannot be determined.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    # Bidi rules should only be applied if string contains RTL characters
+    bidi_label = False
+    for idx, cp in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+        if direction == "":
+            # String likely comes from a newer version of Unicode
+            raise IDNABidiError(f"Unknown directionality in label {label!r} at position {idx}")
+        if direction in _bidi_rtl_categories:
+            bidi_label = True
+    if not bidi_label and not check_ltr:
+        return True
+
+    # Bidi rule 1
+    direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(label[0])
+    if direction in _bidi_rtl_first:
+        rtl = True
+    elif direction == "L":
+        rtl = False
+    else:
+        raise IDNABidiError(f"First codepoint in label {label!r} must be directionality L, R or AL")
+
+    valid_ending = False
+    number_type: Optional[str] = None
+    for idx, cp in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+
+        if rtl:
+            # Bidi rule 2
+            if direction not in _bidi_rtl_allowed:
+                raise IDNABidiError(f"Invalid direction for codepoint at position {idx} in a right-to-left label")
+            # Bidi rule 3
+            if direction in _bidi_rtl_valid_ending:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != "NSM":
+                valid_ending = False
+            # Bidi rule 4
+            if direction in _bidi_rtl_numeric:
+                if not number_type:
+                    number_type = direction
+                elif number_type != direction:
+                    raise IDNABidiError("Can not mix numeral types in a right-to-left label")
+        else:
+            # Bidi rule 5
+            if direction not in _bidi_ltr_allowed:
+                raise IDNABidiError(f"Invalid direction for codepoint at position {idx} in a left-to-right label")
+            # Bidi rule 6
+            if direction in _bidi_ltr_valid_ending:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != "NSM":
+                valid_ending = False
+
+    if not valid_ending:
+        raise IDNABidiError("Label ends with illegal codepoint directionality")
+
+    return True
+
+
+def check_initial_combiner(label: str) -> bool:
+    """Reject labels that begin with a combining mark.
+
+    Per :rfc:`5891` §4.2.3.2 a label must not start with a character of
+    Unicode general category ``M`` (Mark).
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the first character is not a combining mark.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label begins with a combining character.
+    """
+    if unicodedata.category(label[0])[0] == "M":
+        raise IDNAError("Label begins with an illegal combining character")
+    return True
+
+
+def check_hyphen_ok(label: str) -> bool:
+    """Validate the hyphen restrictions for a label.
+
+    Per :rfc:`5891` §4.2.3.1 a label must not start or end with a hyphen
+    (``U+002D``), and must not have hyphens in both the third and fourth
+    positions (the prefix reserved for A-labels).
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the hyphen restrictions are satisfied.
+    :raises IDNAError: If any of the hyphen restrictions are violated.
+    """
+    if label[2:4] == "--":
+        raise IDNAError("Label has disallowed hyphens in 3rd and 4th position")
+    if label[0] == "-" or label[-1] == "-":
+        raise IDNAError("Label must not start or end with a hyphen")
+    return True
+
+
+def check_nfc(label: str) -> None:
+    """Require that a label is in Unicode Normalization Form C.
+
+    :param label: The label to check.
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``label`` differs from its NFC normalisation.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    if unicodedata.normalize("NFC", label) != label:
+        raise IDNAError("Label must be in Normalization Form C")
+
+
+def valid_contextj(label: str, pos: int) -> bool:
+    """Validate the CONTEXTJ rules from :rfc:`5892` Appendix A.
+
+    These rules govern the contextual use of the joiner codepoints
+    ``U+200C`` (ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER, Appendix A.1) and ``U+200D``
+    (ZERO WIDTH JOINER, Appendix A.2) within a label.
+
+    :param label: The label containing the codepoint.
+    :param pos: Index of the joiner codepoint within ``label``.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the codepoint at ``pos`` satisfies its CONTEXTJ
+        rule, ``False`` otherwise (including when the codepoint at
+        ``pos`` is not a recognised joiner).
+    :raises ValueError: If an adjacent codepoint has no Unicode name when
+        determining its combining class.
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``label`` exceeds the defensive input length limit.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200C:
+        if pos > 0 and _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+            return True
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos - 1, -1, -1):
+            joining_type = _joining_type(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == "T":
+                continue
+            if joining_type in _bidi_joiner_l_or_d:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            break
+
+        if not ok:
+            return False
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos + 1, len(label)):
+            joining_type = _joining_type(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == "T":
+                continue
+            if joining_type in _bidi_joiner_r_or_d:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            break
+        return ok
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200D:
+        return pos > 0 and _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class
+
+    return False
+
+
+def valid_contexto(label: str, pos: int, exception: bool = False) -> bool:
+    """Validate the CONTEXTO rules from :rfc:`5892` Appendix A.
+
+    Covers the contextual rules for codepoints such as MIDDLE DOT
+    (``U+00B7``), Greek lower numeral sign, Hebrew punctuation, Katakana
+    middle dot, and the Arabic-Indic / Extended Arabic-Indic digit ranges.
+
+    :param label: The label containing the codepoint.
+    :param pos: Index of the codepoint within ``label``.
+    :param exception: Reserved for forward compatibility; currently unused.
+    :returns: ``True`` if the codepoint at ``pos`` satisfies its CONTEXTO
+        rule, ``False`` otherwise (including when the codepoint is not a
+        recognised CONTEXTO codepoint).
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``label`` exceeds the defensive input length limit.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x00B7:
+        return 0 < pos < len(label) - 1 and ord(label[pos - 1]) == 0x006C and ord(label[pos + 1]) == 0x006C
+
+    if cp_value == 0x0375:
+        if pos < len(label) - 1 and len(label) > 1:
+            return _is_script(label[pos + 1], "Greek")
+        return False
+
+    if cp_value in {0x05F3, 0x05F4}:
+        if pos > 0:
+            return _is_script(label[pos - 1], "Hebrew")
+        return False
+
+    if cp_value == 0x30FB:
+        for cp in label:
+            if cp == "\u30fb":
+                continue
+            if _is_script(cp, "Hiragana") or _is_script(cp, "Katakana") or _is_script(cp, "Han"):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    if 0x660 <= cp_value <= 0x669:
+        return not any(0x6F0 <= ord(cp) <= 0x06F9 for cp in label)
+
+    if 0x6F0 <= cp_value <= 0x6F9:
+        return not any(0x660 <= ord(cp) <= 0x0669 for cp in label)
+
+    return False
+
+
+def check_label(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+    """Run the full set of IDNA 2008 validity checks on a single label.
+
+    Applies, in order: NFC normalisation (:func:`check_nfc`), hyphen
+    restrictions (:func:`check_hyphen_ok`), the no-leading-combiner rule
+    (:func:`check_initial_combiner`), per-codepoint validity (PVALID,
+    CONTEXTJ, CONTEXTO classes from :rfc:`5892`), and the Bidi Rule
+    (:func:`check_bidi`).
+
+    :param label: The label to validate. ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` input
+        is decoded as UTF-8 first.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label is empty or fails a structural rule.
+    :raises InvalidCodepoint: If the label contains a DISALLOWED or
+        UNASSIGNED codepoint.
+    :raises InvalidCodepointContext: If a CONTEXTJ or CONTEXTO codepoint
+        is not valid in its context.
+    :raises IDNABidiError: If the Bidi Rule is violated.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    if isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        label = label.decode("utf-8")
+    if len(label) == 0:
+        raise IDNAError("Empty Label")
+
+    # Reject on domain length rather than label length so support some UTS 46
+    # use cases, still reducing processing of label contextual rules
+    if not valid_string_length(label, trailing_dot=True):
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+
+    check_nfc(label)
+    check_hyphen_ok(label)
+    check_initial_combiner(label)
+
+    for pos, cp in enumerate(label):
+        cp_value = ord(cp)
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes["PVALID"]):
+            continue
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes["CONTEXTJ"]):
+            try:
+                if not valid_contextj(label, pos):
+                    raise InvalidCodepointContext(f"Joiner {_unot(cp_value)} not allowed at position {pos + 1} in {label!r}")
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise IDNAError(
+                    f"Unknown codepoint adjacent to joiner {_unot(cp_value)} at position {pos + 1} in {label!r}"
+                ) from err
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes["CONTEXTO"]):
+            if not valid_contexto(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext(f"Codepoint {_unot(cp_value)} not allowed at position {pos + 1} in {label!r}")
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(f"Codepoint {_unot(cp_value)} at position {pos + 1} of {label!r} not allowed")
+
+    check_bidi(label)
+
+
+def alabel(label: str) -> bytes:
+    """Convert a single U-label into its A-label form.
+
+    The result is the ASCII-Compatible Encoding (ACE) form per :rfc:`5891`
+    §4: the label is validated, Punycode-encoded, and prefixed with
+    ``xn--``. Pure ASCII labels that are already valid IDNA labels are
+    returned unchanged (as :class:`bytes`).
+
+    :param label: The label to convert, as a Unicode string.
+    :returns: The A-label as ASCII-encoded :class:`bytes`.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label is invalid or the resulting A-label
+        exceeds 63 octets.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    try:
+        label_bytes = label.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        ulabel(label_bytes)
+        if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+            raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+        return label_bytes
+
+    check_label(label)
+    label_bytes = _alabel_prefix + _punycode(label)
+
+    if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+
+    return label_bytes
+
+
+def ulabel(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    """Convert a single A-label into its U-label form.
+
+    Performs the inverse of :func:`alabel`: an ``xn--``-prefixed label is
+    Punycode-decoded and validated. Labels that are already Unicode (or
+    plain ASCII without the ACE prefix) are validated and returned as a
+    Unicode string.
+
+    :param label: The label to convert. ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` input
+        is treated as ASCII.
+    :returns: The U-label as a Unicode string.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the label is malformed or fails validation.
+    """
+    if len(label) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Label too long")
+    if not isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            label_bytes = label.encode("ascii")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            check_label(label)
+            return label
+    else:
+        label_bytes = bytes(label)
+
+    label_bytes = label_bytes.lower()
+    if label_bytes.startswith(_alabel_prefix):
+        label_bytes = label_bytes[len(_alabel_prefix) :]
+        if not label_bytes:
+            raise IDNAError("Malformed A-label, no Punycode eligible content found")
+        if label_bytes.endswith(b"-"):
+            raise IDNAError("A-label must not end with a hyphen")
+    else:
+        check_label(label_bytes)
+        return label_bytes.decode("ascii")
+
+    try:
+        label = label_bytes.decode("punycode")
+    except UnicodeError as err:
+        raise IDNAError("Invalid A-label") from err
+    check_label(label)
+    return label
+
+
+def uts46_remap(domain: str, std3_rules: bool = True, transitional: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Apply the UTS #46 character mapping to a domain string.
+
+    Implements the mapping table from `UTS #46 §4
+    <https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_: each character is kept,
+    replaced, or rejected based on its status (``V``, ``M``, ``D``, ``3``,
+    ``I``). The result is returned in Normalisation Form C.
+
+    :param domain: The full domain name to remap.
+    :param std3_rules: If ``True``, apply the stricter STD3 ASCII rules
+        (status ``3`` codepoints raise instead of being kept or mapped).
+    :param transitional: If ``True``, use transitional processing (status
+        ``D`` codepoints are mapped instead of kept). Transitional
+        processing has been removed from UTS #46 and this option is
+        retained only for backwards compatibility.
+    :returns: The remapped domain, in Normalisation Form C.
+    :raises InvalidCodepoint: If the domain contains a disallowed
+        codepoint under the chosen rules.
+    :raises IDNAError: If ``domain`` exceeds the defensive input length limit.
+    """
+    if len(domain) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    from .uts46data import uts46_replacements, uts46_starts, uts46_statuses
+
+    output = ""
+
+    for pos, char in enumerate(domain):
+        code_point = ord(char)
+        i = code_point if code_point < 256 else bisect.bisect_right(uts46_starts, code_point) - 1
+        status = chr(uts46_statuses[i])
+        replacement: Optional[str] = uts46_replacements[i]
+
+        # UTS #46 §4: V is always valid, D is deviation (kept unless transitional),
+        # 3 is disallowed-STD3 (kept unmapped if std3_rules is off and no mapping).
+        keep_as_is = (
+            status == "V" or (status == "D" and not transitional) or (status == "3" and not std3_rules and replacement is None)
+        )
+        # M is mapped, 3-with-replacement and transitional D fall through to the
+        # same replacement output path.
+        use_replacement = replacement is not None and (
+            status == "M" or (status == "3" and not std3_rules) or (status == "D" and transitional)
+        )
+
+        if keep_as_is:
+            output += char
+        elif use_replacement:
+            assert replacement is not None  # narrowed by use_replacement
+            output += replacement
+        elif status == "I":
+            continue
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(f"Codepoint {_unot(code_point)} not allowed at position {pos + 1} in {domain!r}")
+
+    return unicodedata.normalize("NFC", output)
+
+
+def encode(
+    s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray],
+    strict: bool = False,
+    uts46: bool = False,
+    std3_rules: bool = False,
+    transitional: bool = False,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Encode a Unicode domain name into its ASCII (A-label) form.
+
+    Splits the input on label separators (only ``U+002E`` if ``strict`` is
+    set; otherwise also IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP ``U+3002``, FULLWIDTH FULL
+    STOP ``U+FF0E``, and HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP ``U+FF61``),
+    encodes each label with :func:`alabel`, and rejoins them with ``.``.
+    Optionally pre-processes the input through :func:`uts46_remap`.
+
+    :param s: The domain name to encode.
+    :param strict: If ``True``, only ``U+002E`` is recognised as a label
+        separator.
+    :param uts46: If ``True``, apply UTS #46 mapping before encoding.
+    :param std3_rules: Forwarded to :func:`uts46_remap` when ``uts46`` is
+        ``True``.
+    :param transitional: Forwarded to :func:`uts46_remap` when ``uts46``
+        is ``True``. Deprecated: emits a :class:`DeprecationWarning` and
+        will be removed in a future version.
+    :returns: The encoded domain as ASCII :class:`bytes`.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the domain is empty, contains an invalid label,
+        or exceeds the maximum domain length.
+    """
+    if transitional:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Transitional processing has been removed from UTS #46. "
+            "The transitional argument will be removed in a future version.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        try:
+            s = str(s, "ascii")
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, TypeError) as err:
+            raise IDNAError("should pass a unicode string to the function rather than a byte string.") from err
+    if len(s) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, transitional)
+
+    # Reject inputs that exceed the maximum DNS domain length up-front
+    # to avoid expensive computation on long inputs.
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot=True):
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    labels = s.split(".") if strict else _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == [""]:
+        raise IDNAError("Empty domain")
+    if labels[-1] == "":
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = alabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError("Empty label")
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append(b"")
+    s = b".".join(result)
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot):
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    return s
+
+
+def decode(
+    s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray],
+    strict: bool = False,
+    uts46: bool = False,
+    std3_rules: bool = False,
+    display: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Decode an A-label-encoded domain name back to Unicode.
+
+    Splits the input on label separators (see :func:`encode` for the
+    rules), decodes each label with :func:`ulabel`, and rejoins them
+    with ``.``. Optionally pre-processes the input through
+    :func:`uts46_remap`.
+
+    :param s: The domain name to decode.
+    :param strict: If ``True``, only ``U+002E`` is recognised as a label
+        separator.
+    :param uts46: If ``True``, apply UTS #46 mapping before decoding.
+    :param std3_rules: Forwarded to :func:`uts46_remap` when ``uts46`` is
+        ``True``.
+    :param display: If ``True``, any ``xn--`` label that fails IDNA
+        validation is passed through unchanged (lowercased) rather than
+        aborting the whole call. Intended for "decode for display"
+        consumers (e.g. URL libraries, HTTP clients) that want to show
+        the user the label as it appears on the wire when it cannot be
+        rendered as Unicode. Matches the per-label recovery prescribed
+        by UTS #46 §4 and the WHATWG URL "domain to Unicode" algorithm.
+    :returns: The decoded domain as a Unicode string.
+    :raises IDNAError: If the input is not valid ASCII, contains an
+        invalid label, or is empty.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        try:
+            s = str(s, "ascii")
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, TypeError) as err:
+            raise IDNAError("Invalid ASCII in A-label") from err
+    if len(s) > _max_input_length:
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, False)
+    # Reject inputs that exceed the maximum DNS domain length up-front
+    # to avoid expensive computation on long inputs.
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot=True):
+        raise IDNAError("Domain too long")
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    labels = s.split(".") if strict else _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == [""]:
+        raise IDNAError("Empty domain")
+    if not labels[-1]:
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        try:
+            u = ulabel(label)
+        except IDNAError:
+            if display and label[:4].lower() == "xn--":
+                u = label.lower()
+            else:
+                raise
+        if u:
+            result.append(u)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError("Empty label")
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append("")
+    return ".".join(result)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/idnadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/idnadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ab388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/idnadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1897 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+__version__ = "17.0.0"
+
+scripts = {
+    "Greek": (
+        0x37000000374,
+        0x37500000378,
+        0x37A0000037E,
+        0x37F00000380,
+        0x38400000385,
+        0x38600000387,
+        0x3880000038B,
+        0x38C0000038D,
+        0x38E000003A2,
+        0x3A3000003E2,
+        0x3F000000400,
+        0x1D2600001D2B,
+        0x1D5D00001D62,
+        0x1D6600001D6B,
+        0x1DBF00001DC0,
+        0x1F0000001F16,
+        0x1F1800001F1E,
+        0x1F2000001F46,
+        0x1F4800001F4E,
+        0x1F5000001F58,
+        0x1F5900001F5A,
+        0x1F5B00001F5C,
+        0x1F5D00001F5E,
+        0x1F5F00001F7E,
+        0x1F8000001FB5,
+        0x1FB600001FC5,
+        0x1FC600001FD4,
+        0x1FD600001FDC,
+        0x1FDD00001FF0,
+        0x1FF200001FF5,
+        0x1FF600001FFF,
+        0x212600002127,
+        0xAB650000AB66,
+        0x101400001018F,
+        0x101A0000101A1,
+        0x1D2000001D246,
+    ),
+    "Han": (
+        0x2E8000002E9A,
+        0x2E9B00002EF4,
+        0x2F0000002FD6,
+        0x300500003006,
+        0x300700003008,
+        0x30210000302A,
+        0x30380000303C,
+        0x340000004DC0,
+        0x4E000000A000,
+        0xF9000000FA6E,
+        0xFA700000FADA,
+        0x16FE200016FE4,
+        0x16FF000016FF7,
+        0x200000002A6E0,
+        0x2A7000002B81E,
+        0x2B8200002CEAE,
+        0x2CEB00002EBE1,
+        0x2EBF00002EE5E,
+        0x2F8000002FA1E,
+        0x300000003134B,
+        0x313500003347A,
+    ),
+    "Hebrew": (
+        0x591000005C8,
+        0x5D0000005EB,
+        0x5EF000005F5,
+        0xFB1D0000FB37,
+        0xFB380000FB3D,
+        0xFB3E0000FB3F,
+        0xFB400000FB42,
+        0xFB430000FB45,
+        0xFB460000FB50,
+    ),
+    "Hiragana": (
+        0x304100003097,
+        0x309D000030A0,
+        0x1B0010001B120,
+        0x1B1320001B133,
+        0x1B1500001B153,
+        0x1F2000001F201,
+    ),
+    "Katakana": (
+        0x30A1000030FB,
+        0x30FD00003100,
+        0x31F000003200,
+        0x32D0000032FF,
+        0x330000003358,
+        0xFF660000FF70,
+        0xFF710000FF9E,
+        0x1AFF00001AFF4,
+        0x1AFF50001AFFC,
+        0x1AFFD0001AFFF,
+        0x1B0000001B001,
+        0x1B1200001B123,
+        0x1B1550001B156,
+        0x1B1640001B168,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+joining_types = {
+    "C": (
+        0x64000000641,
+        0x7FA000007FB,
+        0x88300000886,
+        0x180A0000180B,
+        0x200D0000200E,
+    ),
+    "D": (
+        0x62000000621,
+        0x62600000627,
+        0x62800000629,
+        0x62A0000062F,
+        0x63300000640,
+        0x64100000648,
+        0x6490000064B,
+        0x66E00000670,
+        0x67800000688,
+        0x69A000006C0,
+        0x6C1000006C3,
+        0x6CC000006CD,
+        0x6CE000006CF,
+        0x6D0000006D2,
+        0x6FA000006FD,
+        0x6FF00000700,
+        0x71200000715,
+        0x71A0000071E,
+        0x71F00000728,
+        0x7290000072A,
+        0x72B0000072C,
+        0x72D0000072F,
+        0x74E00000759,
+        0x75C0000076B,
+        0x76D00000771,
+        0x77200000773,
+        0x77500000778,
+        0x77A00000780,
+        0x7CA000007EB,
+        0x84100000846,
+        0x84800000849,
+        0x84A00000854,
+        0x85500000856,
+        0x86000000861,
+        0x86200000866,
+        0x86800000869,
+        0x88600000887,
+        0x8890000088E,
+        0x88F00000890,
+        0x8A0000008AA,
+        0x8AF000008B1,
+        0x8B3000008B9,
+        0x8BA000008C9,
+        0x180700001808,
+        0x182000001879,
+        0x1887000018A9,
+        0x18AA000018AB,
+        0xA8400000A872,
+        0x10AC000010AC5,
+        0x10AD300010AD7,
+        0x10AD800010ADD,
+        0x10ADE00010AE1,
+        0x10AEB00010AEF,
+        0x10B8000010B81,
+        0x10B8200010B83,
+        0x10B8600010B89,
+        0x10B8A00010B8C,
+        0x10B8D00010B8E,
+        0x10B9000010B91,
+        0x10BAD00010BAF,
+        0x10D0100010D22,
+        0x10D2300010D24,
+        0x10EC300010EC5,
+        0x10EC600010EC8,
+        0x10F3000010F33,
+        0x10F3400010F45,
+        0x10F5100010F54,
+        0x10F7000010F74,
+        0x10F7600010F82,
+        0x10FB000010FB1,
+        0x10FB200010FB4,
+        0x10FB800010FB9,
+        0x10FBB00010FBD,
+        0x10FBE00010FC0,
+        0x10FC100010FC2,
+        0x10FC400010FC5,
+        0x10FCA00010FCB,
+        0x1E9000001E944,
+    ),
+    "L": (
+        0xA8720000A873,
+        0x10ACD00010ACE,
+        0x10AD700010AD8,
+        0x10D0000010D01,
+        0x10FCB00010FCC,
+    ),
+    "R": (
+        0x62200000626,
+        0x62700000628,
+        0x6290000062A,
+        0x62F00000633,
+        0x64800000649,
+        0x67100000674,
+        0x67500000678,
+        0x6880000069A,
+        0x6C0000006C1,
+        0x6C3000006CC,
+        0x6CD000006CE,
+        0x6CF000006D0,
+        0x6D2000006D4,
+        0x6D5000006D6,
+        0x6EE000006F0,
+        0x71000000711,
+        0x7150000071A,
+        0x71E0000071F,
+        0x72800000729,
+        0x72A0000072B,
+        0x72C0000072D,
+        0x72F00000730,
+        0x74D0000074E,
+        0x7590000075C,
+        0x76B0000076D,
+        0x77100000772,
+        0x77300000775,
+        0x7780000077A,
+        0x84000000841,
+        0x84600000848,
+        0x8490000084A,
+        0x85400000855,
+        0x85600000859,
+        0x86700000868,
+        0x8690000086B,
+        0x87000000883,
+        0x88E0000088F,
+        0x8AA000008AD,
+        0x8AE000008AF,
+        0x8B1000008B3,
+        0x8B9000008BA,
+        0x10AC500010AC6,
+        0x10AC700010AC8,
+        0x10AC900010ACB,
+        0x10ACE00010AD3,
+        0x10ADD00010ADE,
+        0x10AE100010AE2,
+        0x10AE400010AE5,
+        0x10AEF00010AF0,
+        0x10B8100010B82,
+        0x10B8300010B86,
+        0x10B8900010B8A,
+        0x10B8C00010B8D,
+        0x10B8E00010B90,
+        0x10B9100010B92,
+        0x10BA900010BAD,
+        0x10D2200010D23,
+        0x10EC200010EC3,
+        0x10F3300010F34,
+        0x10F5400010F55,
+        0x10F7400010F76,
+        0x10FB400010FB7,
+        0x10FB900010FBB,
+        0x10FBD00010FBE,
+        0x10FC200010FC4,
+        0x10FC900010FCA,
+    ),
+    "T": (
+        0xAD000000AE,
+        0x30000000370,
+        0x4830000048A,
+        0x591000005BE,
+        0x5BF000005C0,
+        0x5C1000005C3,
+        0x5C4000005C6,
+        0x5C7000005C8,
+        0x6100000061B,
+        0x61C0000061D,
+        0x64B00000660,
+        0x67000000671,
+        0x6D6000006DD,
+        0x6DF000006E5,
+        0x6E7000006E9,
+        0x6EA000006EE,
+        0x70F00000710,
+        0x71100000712,
+        0x7300000074B,
+        0x7A6000007B1,
+        0x7EB000007F4,
+        0x7FD000007FE,
+        0x8160000081A,
+        0x81B00000824,
+        0x82500000828,
+        0x8290000082E,
+        0x8590000085C,
+        0x897000008A0,
+        0x8CA000008E2,
+        0x8E300000903,
+        0x93A0000093B,
+        0x93C0000093D,
+        0x94100000949,
+        0x94D0000094E,
+        0x95100000958,
+        0x96200000964,
+        0x98100000982,
+        0x9BC000009BD,
+        0x9C1000009C5,
+        0x9CD000009CE,
+        0x9E2000009E4,
+        0x9FE000009FF,
+        0xA0100000A03,
+        0xA3C00000A3D,
+        0xA4100000A43,
+        0xA4700000A49,
+        0xA4B00000A4E,
+        0xA5100000A52,
+        0xA7000000A72,
+        0xA7500000A76,
+        0xA8100000A83,
+        0xABC00000ABD,
+        0xAC100000AC6,
+        0xAC700000AC9,
+        0xACD00000ACE,
+        0xAE200000AE4,
+        0xAFA00000B00,
+        0xB0100000B02,
+        0xB3C00000B3D,
+        0xB3F00000B40,
+        0xB4100000B45,
+        0xB4D00000B4E,
+        0xB5500000B57,
+        0xB6200000B64,
+        0xB8200000B83,
+        0xBC000000BC1,
+        0xBCD00000BCE,
+        0xC0000000C01,
+        0xC0400000C05,
+        0xC3C00000C3D,
+        0xC3E00000C41,
+        0xC4600000C49,
+        0xC4A00000C4E,
+        0xC5500000C57,
+        0xC6200000C64,
+        0xC8100000C82,
+        0xCBC00000CBD,
+        0xCBF00000CC0,
+        0xCC600000CC7,
+        0xCCC00000CCE,
+        0xCE200000CE4,
+        0xD0000000D02,
+        0xD3B00000D3D,
+        0xD4100000D45,
+        0xD4D00000D4E,
+        0xD6200000D64,
+        0xD8100000D82,
+        0xDCA00000DCB,
+        0xDD200000DD5,
+        0xDD600000DD7,
+        0xE3100000E32,
+        0xE3400000E3B,
+        0xE4700000E4F,
+        0xEB100000EB2,
+        0xEB400000EBD,
+        0xEC800000ECF,
+        0xF1800000F1A,
+        0xF3500000F36,
+        0xF3700000F38,
+        0xF3900000F3A,
+        0xF7100000F7F,
+        0xF8000000F85,
+        0xF8600000F88,
+        0xF8D00000F98,
+        0xF9900000FBD,
+        0xFC600000FC7,
+        0x102D00001031,
+        0x103200001038,
+        0x10390000103B,
+        0x103D0000103F,
+        0x10580000105A,
+        0x105E00001061,
+        0x107100001075,
+        0x108200001083,
+        0x108500001087,
+        0x108D0000108E,
+        0x109D0000109E,
+        0x135D00001360,
+        0x171200001715,
+        0x173200001734,
+        0x175200001754,
+        0x177200001774,
+        0x17B4000017B6,
+        0x17B7000017BE,
+        0x17C6000017C7,
+        0x17C9000017D4,
+        0x17DD000017DE,
+        0x180B0000180E,
+        0x180F00001810,
+        0x188500001887,
+        0x18A9000018AA,
+        0x192000001923,
+        0x192700001929,
+        0x193200001933,
+        0x19390000193C,
+        0x1A1700001A19,
+        0x1A1B00001A1C,
+        0x1A5600001A57,
+        0x1A5800001A5F,
+        0x1A6000001A61,
+        0x1A6200001A63,
+        0x1A6500001A6D,
+        0x1A7300001A7D,
+        0x1A7F00001A80,
+        0x1AB000001ADE,
+        0x1AE000001AEC,
+        0x1B0000001B04,
+        0x1B3400001B35,
+        0x1B3600001B3B,
+        0x1B3C00001B3D,
+        0x1B4200001B43,
+        0x1B6B00001B74,
+        0x1B8000001B82,
+        0x1BA200001BA6,
+        0x1BA800001BAA,
+        0x1BAB00001BAE,
+        0x1BE600001BE7,
+        0x1BE800001BEA,
+        0x1BED00001BEE,
+        0x1BEF00001BF2,
+        0x1C2C00001C34,
+        0x1C3600001C38,
+        0x1CD000001CD3,
+        0x1CD400001CE1,
+        0x1CE200001CE9,
+        0x1CED00001CEE,
+        0x1CF400001CF5,
+        0x1CF800001CFA,
+        0x1DC000001E00,
+        0x200B0000200C,
+        0x200E00002010,
+        0x202A0000202F,
+        0x206000002065,
+        0x206A00002070,
+        0x20D0000020F1,
+        0x2CEF00002CF2,
+        0x2D7F00002D80,
+        0x2DE000002E00,
+        0x302A0000302E,
+        0x30990000309B,
+        0xA66F0000A673,
+        0xA6740000A67E,
+        0xA69E0000A6A0,
+        0xA6F00000A6F2,
+        0xA8020000A803,
+        0xA8060000A807,
+        0xA80B0000A80C,
+        0xA8250000A827,
+        0xA82C0000A82D,
+        0xA8C40000A8C6,
+        0xA8E00000A8F2,
+        0xA8FF0000A900,
+        0xA9260000A92E,
+        0xA9470000A952,
+        0xA9800000A983,
+        0xA9B30000A9B4,
+        0xA9B60000A9BA,
+        0xA9BC0000A9BE,
+        0xA9E50000A9E6,
+        0xAA290000AA2F,
+        0xAA310000AA33,
+        0xAA350000AA37,
+        0xAA430000AA44,
+        0xAA4C0000AA4D,
+        0xAA7C0000AA7D,
+        0xAAB00000AAB1,
+        0xAAB20000AAB5,
+        0xAAB70000AAB9,
+        0xAABE0000AAC0,
+        0xAAC10000AAC2,
+        0xAAEC0000AAEE,
+        0xAAF60000AAF7,
+        0xABE50000ABE6,
+        0xABE80000ABE9,
+        0xABED0000ABEE,
+        0xFB1E0000FB1F,
+        0xFE000000FE10,
+        0xFE200000FE30,
+        0xFEFF0000FF00,
+        0xFFF90000FFFC,
+        0x101FD000101FE,
+        0x102E0000102E1,
+        0x103760001037B,
+        0x10A0100010A04,
+        0x10A0500010A07,
+        0x10A0C00010A10,
+        0x10A3800010A3B,
+        0x10A3F00010A40,
+        0x10AE500010AE7,
+        0x10D2400010D28,
+        0x10D6900010D6E,
+        0x10EAB00010EAD,
+        0x10EFA00010F00,
+        0x10F4600010F51,
+        0x10F8200010F86,
+        0x1100100011002,
+        0x1103800011047,
+        0x1107000011071,
+        0x1107300011075,
+        0x1107F00011082,
+        0x110B3000110B7,
+        0x110B9000110BB,
+        0x110C2000110C3,
+        0x1110000011103,
+        0x111270001112C,
+        0x1112D00011135,
+        0x1117300011174,
+        0x1118000011182,
+        0x111B6000111BF,
+        0x111C9000111CD,
+        0x111CF000111D0,
+        0x1122F00011232,
+        0x1123400011235,
+        0x1123600011238,
+        0x1123E0001123F,
+        0x1124100011242,
+        0x112DF000112E0,
+        0x112E3000112EB,
+        0x1130000011302,
+        0x1133B0001133D,
+        0x1134000011341,
+        0x113660001136D,
+        0x1137000011375,
+        0x113BB000113C1,
+        0x113CE000113CF,
+        0x113D0000113D1,
+        0x113D2000113D3,
+        0x113E1000113E3,
+        0x1143800011440,
+        0x1144200011445,
+        0x1144600011447,
+        0x1145E0001145F,
+        0x114B3000114B9,
+        0x114BA000114BB,
+        0x114BF000114C1,
+        0x114C2000114C4,
+        0x115B2000115B6,
+        0x115BC000115BE,
+        0x115BF000115C1,
+        0x115DC000115DE,
+        0x116330001163B,
+        0x1163D0001163E,
+        0x1163F00011641,
+        0x116AB000116AC,
+        0x116AD000116AE,
+        0x116B0000116B6,
+        0x116B7000116B8,
+        0x1171D0001171E,
+        0x1171F00011720,
+        0x1172200011726,
+        0x117270001172C,
+        0x1182F00011838,
+        0x118390001183B,
+        0x1193B0001193D,
+        0x1193E0001193F,
+        0x1194300011944,
+        0x119D4000119D8,
+        0x119DA000119DC,
+        0x119E0000119E1,
+        0x11A0100011A0B,
+        0x11A3300011A39,
+        0x11A3B00011A3F,
+        0x11A4700011A48,
+        0x11A5100011A57,
+        0x11A5900011A5C,
+        0x11A8A00011A97,
+        0x11A9800011A9A,
+        0x11B6000011B61,
+        0x11B6200011B65,
+        0x11B6600011B67,
+        0x11C3000011C37,
+        0x11C3800011C3E,
+        0x11C3F00011C40,
+        0x11C9200011CA8,
+        0x11CAA00011CB1,
+        0x11CB200011CB4,
+        0x11CB500011CB7,
+        0x11D3100011D37,
+        0x11D3A00011D3B,
+        0x11D3C00011D3E,
+        0x11D3F00011D46,
+        0x11D4700011D48,
+        0x11D9000011D92,
+        0x11D9500011D96,
+        0x11D9700011D98,
+        0x11EF300011EF5,
+        0x11F0000011F02,
+        0x11F3600011F3B,
+        0x11F4000011F41,
+        0x11F4200011F43,
+        0x11F5A00011F5B,
+        0x1343000013441,
+        0x1344700013456,
+        0x1611E0001612A,
+        0x1612D00016130,
+        0x16AF000016AF5,
+        0x16B3000016B37,
+        0x16F4F00016F50,
+        0x16F8F00016F93,
+        0x16FE400016FE5,
+        0x1BC9D0001BC9F,
+        0x1BCA00001BCA4,
+        0x1CF000001CF2E,
+        0x1CF300001CF47,
+        0x1D1670001D16A,
+        0x1D1730001D183,
+        0x1D1850001D18C,
+        0x1D1AA0001D1AE,
+        0x1D2420001D245,
+        0x1DA000001DA37,
+        0x1DA3B0001DA6D,
+        0x1DA750001DA76,
+        0x1DA840001DA85,
+        0x1DA9B0001DAA0,
+        0x1DAA10001DAB0,
+        0x1E0000001E007,
+        0x1E0080001E019,
+        0x1E01B0001E022,
+        0x1E0230001E025,
+        0x1E0260001E02B,
+        0x1E08F0001E090,
+        0x1E1300001E137,
+        0x1E2AE0001E2AF,
+        0x1E2EC0001E2F0,
+        0x1E4EC0001E4F0,
+        0x1E5EE0001E5F0,
+        0x1E6E30001E6E4,
+        0x1E6E60001E6E7,
+        0x1E6EE0001E6F0,
+        0x1E6F50001E6F6,
+        0x1E8D00001E8D7,
+        0x1E9440001E94C,
+        0xE0001000E0002,
+        0xE0020000E0080,
+        0xE0100000E01F0,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+codepoint_classes = {
+    "PVALID": (
+        0x2D0000002E,
+        0x300000003A,
+        0x610000007B,
+        0xDF000000F7,
+        0xF800000100,
+        0x10100000102,
+        0x10300000104,
+        0x10500000106,
+        0x10700000108,
+        0x1090000010A,
+        0x10B0000010C,
+        0x10D0000010E,
+        0x10F00000110,
+        0x11100000112,
+        0x11300000114,
+        0x11500000116,
+        0x11700000118,
+        0x1190000011A,
+        0x11B0000011C,
+        0x11D0000011E,
+        0x11F00000120,
+        0x12100000122,
+        0x12300000124,
+        0x12500000126,
+        0x12700000128,
+        0x1290000012A,
+        0x12B0000012C,
+        0x12D0000012E,
+        0x12F00000130,
+        0x13100000132,
+        0x13500000136,
+        0x13700000139,
+        0x13A0000013B,
+        0x13C0000013D,
+        0x13E0000013F,
+        0x14200000143,
+        0x14400000145,
+        0x14600000147,
+        0x14800000149,
+        0x14B0000014C,
+        0x14D0000014E,
+        0x14F00000150,
+        0x15100000152,
+        0x15300000154,
+        0x15500000156,
+        0x15700000158,
+        0x1590000015A,
+        0x15B0000015C,
+        0x15D0000015E,
+        0x15F00000160,
+        0x16100000162,
+        0x16300000164,
+        0x16500000166,
+        0x16700000168,
+        0x1690000016A,
+        0x16B0000016C,
+        0x16D0000016E,
+        0x16F00000170,
+        0x17100000172,
+        0x17300000174,
+        0x17500000176,
+        0x17700000178,
+        0x17A0000017B,
+        0x17C0000017D,
+        0x17E0000017F,
+        0x18000000181,
+        0x18300000184,
+        0x18500000186,
+        0x18800000189,
+        0x18C0000018E,
+        0x19200000193,
+        0x19500000196,
+        0x1990000019C,
+        0x19E0000019F,
+        0x1A1000001A2,
+        0x1A3000001A4,
+        0x1A5000001A6,
+        0x1A8000001A9,
+        0x1AA000001AC,
+        0x1AD000001AE,
+        0x1B0000001B1,
+        0x1B4000001B5,
+        0x1B6000001B7,
+        0x1B9000001BC,
+        0x1BD000001C4,
+        0x1CE000001CF,
+        0x1D0000001D1,
+        0x1D2000001D3,
+        0x1D4000001D5,
+        0x1D6000001D7,
+        0x1D8000001D9,
+        0x1DA000001DB,
+        0x1DC000001DE,
+        0x1DF000001E0,
+        0x1E1000001E2,
+        0x1E3000001E4,
+        0x1E5000001E6,
+        0x1E7000001E8,
+        0x1E9000001EA,
+        0x1EB000001EC,
+        0x1ED000001EE,
+        0x1EF000001F1,
+        0x1F5000001F6,
+        0x1F9000001FA,
+        0x1FB000001FC,
+        0x1FD000001FE,
+        0x1FF00000200,
+        0x20100000202,
+        0x20300000204,
+        0x20500000206,
+        0x20700000208,
+        0x2090000020A,
+        0x20B0000020C,
+        0x20D0000020E,
+        0x20F00000210,
+        0x21100000212,
+        0x21300000214,
+        0x21500000216,
+        0x21700000218,
+        0x2190000021A,
+        0x21B0000021C,
+        0x21D0000021E,
+        0x21F00000220,
+        0x22100000222,
+        0x22300000224,
+        0x22500000226,
+        0x22700000228,
+        0x2290000022A,
+        0x22B0000022C,
+        0x22D0000022E,
+        0x22F00000230,
+        0x23100000232,
+        0x2330000023A,
+        0x23C0000023D,
+        0x23F00000241,
+        0x24200000243,
+        0x24700000248,
+        0x2490000024A,
+        0x24B0000024C,
+        0x24D0000024E,
+        0x24F000002B0,
+        0x2B9000002C2,
+        0x2C6000002D2,
+        0x2EC000002ED,
+        0x2EE000002EF,
+        0x30000000340,
+        0x34200000343,
+        0x3460000034F,
+        0x35000000370,
+        0x37100000372,
+        0x37300000374,
+        0x37700000378,
+        0x37B0000037E,
+        0x39000000391,
+        0x3AC000003CF,
+        0x3D7000003D8,
+        0x3D9000003DA,
+        0x3DB000003DC,
+        0x3DD000003DE,
+        0x3DF000003E0,
+        0x3E1000003E2,
+        0x3E3000003E4,
+        0x3E5000003E6,
+        0x3E7000003E8,
+        0x3E9000003EA,
+        0x3EB000003EC,
+        0x3ED000003EE,
+        0x3EF000003F0,
+        0x3F3000003F4,
+        0x3F8000003F9,
+        0x3FB000003FD,
+        0x43000000460,
+        0x46100000462,
+        0x46300000464,
+        0x46500000466,
+        0x46700000468,
+        0x4690000046A,
+        0x46B0000046C,
+        0x46D0000046E,
+        0x46F00000470,
+        0x47100000472,
+        0x47300000474,
+        0x47500000476,
+        0x47700000478,
+        0x4790000047A,
+        0x47B0000047C,
+        0x47D0000047E,
+        0x47F00000480,
+        0x48100000482,
+        0x48300000488,
+        0x48B0000048C,
+        0x48D0000048E,
+        0x48F00000490,
+        0x49100000492,
+        0x49300000494,
+        0x49500000496,
+        0x49700000498,
+        0x4990000049A,
+        0x49B0000049C,
+        0x49D0000049E,
+        0x49F000004A0,
+        0x4A1000004A2,
+        0x4A3000004A4,
+        0x4A5000004A6,
+        0x4A7000004A8,
+        0x4A9000004AA,
+        0x4AB000004AC,
+        0x4AD000004AE,
+        0x4AF000004B0,
+        0x4B1000004B2,
+        0x4B3000004B4,
+        0x4B5000004B6,
+        0x4B7000004B8,
+        0x4B9000004BA,
+        0x4BB000004BC,
+        0x4BD000004BE,
+        0x4BF000004C0,
+        0x4C2000004C3,
+        0x4C4000004C5,
+        0x4C6000004C7,
+        0x4C8000004C9,
+        0x4CA000004CB,
+        0x4CC000004CD,
+        0x4CE000004D0,
+        0x4D1000004D2,
+        0x4D3000004D4,
+        0x4D5000004D6,
+        0x4D7000004D8,
+        0x4D9000004DA,
+        0x4DB000004DC,
+        0x4DD000004DE,
+        0x4DF000004E0,
+        0x4E1000004E2,
+        0x4E3000004E4,
+        0x4E5000004E6,
+        0x4E7000004E8,
+        0x4E9000004EA,
+        0x4EB000004EC,
+        0x4ED000004EE,
+        0x4EF000004F0,
+        0x4F1000004F2,
+        0x4F3000004F4,
+        0x4F5000004F6,
+        0x4F7000004F8,
+        0x4F9000004FA,
+        0x4FB000004FC,
+        0x4FD000004FE,
+        0x4FF00000500,
+        0x50100000502,
+        0x50300000504,
+        0x50500000506,
+        0x50700000508,
+        0x5090000050A,
+        0x50B0000050C,
+        0x50D0000050E,
+        0x50F00000510,
+        0x51100000512,
+        0x51300000514,
+        0x51500000516,
+        0x51700000518,
+        0x5190000051A,
+        0x51B0000051C,
+        0x51D0000051E,
+        0x51F00000520,
+        0x52100000522,
+        0x52300000524,
+        0x52500000526,
+        0x52700000528,
+        0x5290000052A,
+        0x52B0000052C,
+        0x52D0000052E,
+        0x52F00000530,
+        0x5590000055A,
+        0x56000000587,
+        0x58800000589,
+        0x591000005BE,
+        0x5BF000005C0,
+        0x5C1000005C3,
+        0x5C4000005C6,
+        0x5C7000005C8,
+        0x5D0000005EB,
+        0x5EF000005F3,
+        0x6100000061B,
+        0x62000000640,
+        0x64100000660,
+        0x66E00000675,
+        0x679000006D4,
+        0x6D5000006DD,
+        0x6DF000006E9,
+        0x6EA000006F0,
+        0x6FA00000700,
+        0x7100000074B,
+        0x74D000007B2,
+        0x7C0000007F6,
+        0x7FD000007FE,
+        0x8000000082E,
+        0x8400000085C,
+        0x8600000086B,
+        0x87000000888,
+        0x88900000890,
+        0x897000008E2,
+        0x8E300000958,
+        0x96000000964,
+        0x96600000970,
+        0x97100000984,
+        0x9850000098D,
+        0x98F00000991,
+        0x993000009A9,
+        0x9AA000009B1,
+        0x9B2000009B3,
+        0x9B6000009BA,
+        0x9BC000009C5,
+        0x9C7000009C9,
+        0x9CB000009CF,
+        0x9D7000009D8,
+        0x9E0000009E4,
+        0x9E6000009F2,
+        0x9FC000009FD,
+        0x9FE000009FF,
+        0xA0100000A04,
+        0xA0500000A0B,
+        0xA0F00000A11,
+        0xA1300000A29,
+        0xA2A00000A31,
+        0xA3200000A33,
+        0xA3500000A36,
+        0xA3800000A3A,
+        0xA3C00000A3D,
+        0xA3E00000A43,
+        0xA4700000A49,
+        0xA4B00000A4E,
+        0xA5100000A52,
+        0xA5C00000A5D,
+        0xA6600000A76,
+        0xA8100000A84,
+        0xA8500000A8E,
+        0xA8F00000A92,
+        0xA9300000AA9,
+        0xAAA00000AB1,
+        0xAB200000AB4,
+        0xAB500000ABA,
+        0xABC00000AC6,
+        0xAC700000ACA,
+        0xACB00000ACE,
+        0xAD000000AD1,
+        0xAE000000AE4,
+        0xAE600000AF0,
+        0xAF900000B00,
+        0xB0100000B04,
+        0xB0500000B0D,
+        0xB0F00000B11,
+        0xB1300000B29,
+        0xB2A00000B31,
+        0xB3200000B34,
+        0xB3500000B3A,
+        0xB3C00000B45,
+        0xB4700000B49,
+        0xB4B00000B4E,
+        0xB5500000B58,
+        0xB5F00000B64,
+        0xB6600000B70,
+        0xB7100000B72,
+        0xB8200000B84,
+        0xB8500000B8B,
+        0xB8E00000B91,
+        0xB9200000B96,
+        0xB9900000B9B,
+        0xB9C00000B9D,
+        0xB9E00000BA0,
+        0xBA300000BA5,
+        0xBA800000BAB,
+        0xBAE00000BBA,
+        0xBBE00000BC3,
+        0xBC600000BC9,
+        0xBCA00000BCE,
+        0xBD000000BD1,
+        0xBD700000BD8,
+        0xBE600000BF0,
+        0xC0000000C0D,
+        0xC0E00000C11,
+        0xC1200000C29,
+        0xC2A00000C3A,
+        0xC3C00000C45,
+        0xC4600000C49,
+        0xC4A00000C4E,
+        0xC5500000C57,
+        0xC5800000C5B,
+        0xC5C00000C5E,
+        0xC6000000C64,
+        0xC6600000C70,
+        0xC8000000C84,
+        0xC8500000C8D,
+        0xC8E00000C91,
+        0xC9200000CA9,
+        0xCAA00000CB4,
+        0xCB500000CBA,
+        0xCBC00000CC5,
+        0xCC600000CC9,
+        0xCCA00000CCE,
+        0xCD500000CD7,
+        0xCDC00000CDF,
+        0xCE000000CE4,
+        0xCE600000CF0,
+        0xCF100000CF4,
+        0xD0000000D0D,
+        0xD0E00000D11,
+        0xD1200000D45,
+        0xD4600000D49,
+        0xD4A00000D4F,
+        0xD5400000D58,
+        0xD5F00000D64,
+        0xD6600000D70,
+        0xD7A00000D80,
+        0xD8100000D84,
+        0xD8500000D97,
+        0xD9A00000DB2,
+        0xDB300000DBC,
+        0xDBD00000DBE,
+        0xDC000000DC7,
+        0xDCA00000DCB,
+        0xDCF00000DD5,
+        0xDD600000DD7,
+        0xDD800000DE0,
+        0xDE600000DF0,
+        0xDF200000DF4,
+        0xE0100000E33,
+        0xE3400000E3B,
+        0xE4000000E4F,
+        0xE5000000E5A,
+        0xE8100000E83,
+        0xE8400000E85,
+        0xE8600000E8B,
+        0xE8C00000EA4,
+        0xEA500000EA6,
+        0xEA700000EB3,
+        0xEB400000EBE,
+        0xEC000000EC5,
+        0xEC600000EC7,
+        0xEC800000ECF,
+        0xED000000EDA,
+        0xEDE00000EE0,
+        0xF0000000F01,
+        0xF0B00000F0C,
+        0xF1800000F1A,
+        0xF2000000F2A,
+        0xF3500000F36,
+        0xF3700000F38,
+        0xF3900000F3A,
+        0xF3E00000F43,
+        0xF4400000F48,
+        0xF4900000F4D,
+        0xF4E00000F52,
+        0xF5300000F57,
+        0xF5800000F5C,
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+        0x300000003134B,
+        0x313500003347A,
+    ),
+    "CONTEXTJ": (0x200C0000200E,),
+    "CONTEXTO": (
+        0xB7000000B8,
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+        0x6600000066A,
+        0x6F0000006FA,
+        0x30FB000030FC,
+    ),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/intranges.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/intranges.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19d7781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/intranges.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""
+Given a list of integers, made up of (hopefully) a small number of long runs
+of consecutive integers, compute a representation of the form
+((start1, end1), (start2, end2) ...). Then answer the question "was x present
+in the original list?" in time O(log(# runs)).
+"""
+
+import bisect
+
+
+def intranges_from_list(list_: list[int]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Represent a list of integers as a sequence of ranges:
+    ((start_0, end_0), (start_1, end_1), ...), such that the original
+    integers are exactly those x such that start_i <= x < end_i for some i.
+
+    Ranges are encoded as single integers (start << 32 | end), not as tuples.
+    """
+
+    sorted_list = sorted(list_)
+    ranges = []
+    last_write = -1
+    for i in range(len(sorted_list)):
+        if i + 1 < len(sorted_list) and sorted_list[i] == sorted_list[i + 1] - 1:
+            continue
+        current_range = sorted_list[last_write + 1 : i + 1]
+        ranges.append(_encode_range(current_range[0], current_range[-1] + 1))
+        last_write = i
+
+    return tuple(ranges)
+
+
+def _encode_range(start: int, end: int) -> int:
+    return (start << 32) | end
+
+
+def _decode_range(r: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    return (r >> 32), (r & ((1 << 32) - 1))
+
+
+def intranges_contain(int_: int, ranges: tuple[int, ...]) -> bool:
+    """Determine if `int_` falls into one of the ranges in `ranges`."""
+    tuple_ = _encode_range(int_, 0)
+    pos = bisect.bisect_left(ranges, tuple_)
+    # we could be immediately ahead of a tuple (start, end)
+    # with start < int_ <= end
+    if pos > 0:
+        left, right = _decode_range(ranges[pos - 1])
+        if left <= int_ < right:
+            return True
+    # or we could be immediately behind a tuple (int_, end)
+    if pos < len(ranges):
+        left, _ = _decode_range(ranges[pos])
+        if left == int_:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/package_data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/package_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94e4039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/package_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "3.18"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/uts46data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/uts46data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d931f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/idna/uts46data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16896 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+from array import array
+from typing import Optional
+
+"""IDNA Mapping Table from UTS46."""
+
+
+__version__ = "17.0.0"
+
+uts46_starts: "array[int]" = array(
+    "I",
+    (
+        0x0,
+        0x1,
+        0x2,
+        0x3,
+        0x4,
+        0x5,
+        0x6,
+        0x7,
+        0x8,
+        0x9,
+        0xA,
+        0xB,
+        0xC,
+        0xD,
+        0xE,
+        0xF,
+        0x10,
+        0x11,
+        0x12,
+        0x13,
+        0x14,
+        0x15,
+        0x16,
+        0x17,
+        0x18,
+        0x19,
+        0x1A,
+        0x1B,
+        0x1C,
+        0x1D,
+        0x1E,
+        0x1F,
+        0x20,
+        0x21,
+        0x22,
+        0x23,
+        0x24,
+        0x25,
+        0x26,
+        0x27,
+        0x28,
+        0x29,
+        0x2A,
+        0x2B,
+        0x2C,
+        0x2D,
+        0x2E,
+        0x2F,
+        0x30,
+        0x31,
+        0x32,
+        0x33,
+        0x34,
+        0x35,
+        0x36,
+        0x37,
+        0x38,
+        0x39,
+        0x3A,
+        0x3B,
+        0x3C,
+        0x3D,
+        0x3E,
+        0x3F,
+        0x40,
+        0x41,
+        0x42,
+        0x43,
+        0x44,
+        0x45,
+        0x46,
+        0x47,
+        0x48,
+        0x49,
+        0x4A,
+        0x4B,
+        0x4C,
+        0x4D,
+        0x4E,
+        0x4F,
+        0x50,
+        0x51,
+        0x52,
+        0x53,
+        0x54,
+        0x55,
+        0x56,
+        0x57,
+        0x58,
+        0x59,
+        0x5A,
+        0x5B,
+        0x5C,
+        0x5D,
+        0x5E,
+        0x5F,
+        0x60,
+        0x61,
+        0x62,
+        0x63,
+        0x64,
+        0x65,
+        0x66,
+        0x67,
+        0x68,
+        0x69,
+        0x6A,
+        0x6B,
+        0x6C,
+        0x6D,
+        0x6E,
+        0x6F,
+        0x70,
+        0x71,
+        0x72,
+        0x73,
+        0x74,
+        0x75,
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+        0x77,
+        0x78,
+        0x79,
+        0x7A,
+        0x7B,
+        0x7C,
+        0x7D,
+        0x7E,
+        0x7F,
+        0x80,
+        0x81,
+        0x82,
+        0x83,
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+        0x85,
+        0x86,
+        0x87,
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+        0x89,
+        0x8A,
+        0x8B,
+        0x8C,
+        0x8D,
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+        0x90,
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+        0x99,
+        0x9A,
+        0x9B,
+        0x9C,
+        0x9D,
+        0x9E,
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+        0xA0,
+        0xA1,
+        0xA2,
+        0xA3,
+        0xA4,
+        0xA5,
+        0xA6,
+        0xA7,
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+        0xAA,
+        0xAB,
+        0xAC,
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+        0xCA,
+        0xCB,
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+        0xCD,
+        0xCE,
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+        0xD0,
+        0xD1,
+        0xD2,
+        0xD3,
+        0xD4,
+        0xD5,
+        0xD6,
+        0xD7,
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+        0xD9,
+        0xDA,
+        0xDB,
+        0xDC,
+        0xDD,
+        0xDE,
+        0xDF,
+        0xE0,
+        0xE1,
+        0xE2,
+        0xE3,
+        0xE4,
+        0xE5,
+        0xE6,
+        0xE7,
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+        0xE9,
+        0xEA,
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+        0xEC,
+        0xED,
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+        0xF1,
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+        0xF3,
+        0xF4,
+        0xF5,
+        0xF6,
+        0xF7,
+        0xF8,
+        0xF9,
+        0xFA,
+        0xFB,
+        0xFC,
+        0xFD,
+        0xFE,
+        0xFF,
+        0x100,
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+        0x102,
+        0x103,
+        0x104,
+        0x105,
+        0x106,
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+        0x10A,
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+    "ポンド",
+    "ホール",
+    "ホーン",
+    "マイクロ",
+    "マイル",
+    "マッハ",
+    "マルク",
+    "マンション",
+    "ミクロン",
+    "ミリ",
+    "ミリバール",
+    "メガ",
+    "メガトン",
+    "メートル",
+    "ヤード",
+    "ヤール",
+    "ユアン",
+    "リットル",
+    "リラ",
+    "ルピー",
+    "ルーブル",
+    "レム",
+    "レントゲン",
+    "ワット",
+    "0点",
+    "1点",
+    "2点",
+    "3点",
+    "4点",
+    "5点",
+    "6点",
+    "7点",
+    "8点",
+    "9点",
+    "10点",
+    "11点",
+    "12点",
+    "13点",
+    "14点",
+    "15点",
+    "16点",
+    "17点",
+    "18点",
+    "19点",
+    "20点",
+    "21点",
+    "22点",
+    "23点",
+    "24点",
+    "hpa",
+    "da",
+    "au",
+    "bar",
+    "ov",
+    "pc",
+    "dm",
+    "dm2",
+    "dm3",
+    "iu",
+    "平成",
+    "昭和",
+    "大正",
+    "明治",
+    "株式会社",
+    "pa",
+    "na",
+    "μa",
+    "ma",
+    "ka",
+    "kb",
+    "mb",
+    "gb",
+    "cal",
+    "kcal",
+    "pf",
+    "nf",
+    "μf",
+    "μg",
+    "mg",
+    "kg",
+    "hz",
+    "khz",
+    "mhz",
+    "ghz",
+    "thz",
+    "μl",
+    "ml",
+    "dl",
+    "kl",
+    "fm",
+    "nm",
+    "μm",
+    "mm",
+    "cm",
+    "km",
+    "mm2",
+    "cm2",
+    "m2",
+    "km2",
+    "mm3",
+    "cm3",
+    "m3",
+    "km3",
+    "m∕s",
+    "m∕s2",
+    "pa",
+    "kpa",
+    "mpa",
+    "gpa",
+    "rad",
+    "rad∕s",
+    "rad∕s2",
+    "ps",
+    "ns",
+    "μs",
+    "ms",
+    "pv",
+    "nv",
+    "μv",
+    "mv",
+    "kv",
+    "mv",
+    "pw",
+    "nw",
+    "μw",
+    "mw",
+    "kw",
+    "mw",
+    "kω",
+    "mω",
+    None,
+    "bq",
+    "cc",
+    "cd",
+    "c∕kg",
+    None,
+    "db",
+    "gy",
+    "ha",
+    "hp",
+    "in",
+    "kk",
+    "km",
+    "kt",
+    "lm",
+    "ln",
+    "log",
+    "lx",
+    "mb",
+    "mil",
+    "mol",
+    "ph",
+    None,
+    "ppm",
+    "pr",
+    "sr",
+    "sv",
+    "wb",
+    "v∕m",
+    "a∕m",
+    "1日",
+    "2日",
+    "3日",
+    "4日",
+    "5日",
+    "6日",
+    "7日",
+    "8日",
+    "9日",
+    "10日",
+    "11日",
+    "12日",
+    "13日",
+    "14日",
+    "15日",
+    "16日",
+    "17日",
+    "18日",
+    "19日",
+    "20日",
+    "21日",
+    "22日",
+    "23日",
+    "24日",
+    "25日",
+    "26日",
+    "27日",
+    "28日",
+    "29日",
+    "30日",
+    "31日",
+    "gal",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ꙁ",
+    None,
+    "ꙃ",
+    None,
+    "ꙅ",
+    None,
+    "ꙇ",
+    None,
+    "ꙉ",
+    None,
+    "ꙋ",
+    None,
+    "ꙍ",
+    None,
+    "ꙏ",
+    None,
+    "ꙑ",
+    None,
+    "ꙓ",
+    None,
+    "ꙕ",
+    None,
+    "ꙗ",
+    None,
+    "ꙙ",
+    None,
+    "ꙛ",
+    None,
+    "ꙝ",
+    None,
+    "ꙟ",
+    None,
+    "ꙡ",
+    None,
+    "ꙣ",
+    None,
+    "ꙥ",
+    None,
+    "ꙧ",
+    None,
+    "ꙩ",
+    None,
+    "ꙫ",
+    None,
+    "ꙭ",
+    None,
+    "ꚁ",
+    None,
+    "ꚃ",
+    None,
+    "ꚅ",
+    None,
+    "ꚇ",
+    None,
+    "ꚉ",
+    None,
+    "ꚋ",
+    None,
+    "ꚍ",
+    None,
+    "ꚏ",
+    None,
+    "ꚑ",
+    None,
+    "ꚓ",
+    None,
+    "ꚕ",
+    None,
+    "ꚗ",
+    None,
+    "ꚙ",
+    None,
+    "ꚛ",
+    None,
+    "ъ",
+    "ь",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ꜣ",
+    None,
+    "ꜥ",
+    None,
+    "ꜧ",
+    None,
+    "ꜩ",
+    None,
+    "ꜫ",
+    None,
+    "ꜭ",
+    None,
+    "ꜯ",
+    None,
+    "ꜳ",
+    None,
+    "ꜵ",
+    None,
+    "ꜷ",
+    None,
+    "ꜹ",
+    None,
+    "ꜻ",
+    None,
+    "ꜽ",
+    None,
+    "ꜿ",
+    None,
+    "ꝁ",
+    None,
+    "ꝃ",
+    None,
+    "ꝅ",
+    None,
+    "ꝇ",
+    None,
+    "ꝉ",
+    None,
+    "ꝋ",
+    None,
+    "ꝍ",
+    None,
+    "ꝏ",
+    None,
+    "ꝑ",
+    None,
+    "ꝓ",
+    None,
+    "ꝕ",
+    None,
+    "ꝗ",
+    None,
+    "ꝙ",
+    None,
+    "ꝛ",
+    None,
+    "ꝝ",
+    None,
+    "ꝟ",
+    None,
+    "ꝡ",
+    None,
+    "ꝣ",
+    None,
+    "ꝥ",
+    None,
+    "ꝧ",
+    None,
+    "ꝩ",
+    None,
+    "ꝫ",
+    None,
+    "ꝭ",
+    None,
+    "ꝯ",
+    None,
+    "ꝯ",
+    None,
+    "ꝺ",
+    None,
+    "ꝼ",
+    None,
+    "ᵹ",
+    "ꝿ",
+    None,
+    "ꞁ",
+    None,
+    "ꞃ",
+    None,
+    "ꞅ",
+    None,
+    "ꞇ",
+    None,
+    "ꞌ",
+    None,
+    "ɥ",
+    None,
+    "ꞑ",
+    None,
+    "ꞓ",
+    None,
+    "ꞗ",
+    None,
+    "ꞙ",
+    None,
+    "ꞛ",
+    None,
+    "ꞝ",
+    None,
+    "ꞟ",
+    None,
+    "ꞡ",
+    None,
+    "ꞣ",
+    None,
+    "ꞥ",
+    None,
+    "ꞧ",
+    None,
+    "ꞩ",
+    None,
+    "ɦ",
+    "ɜ",
+    "ɡ",
+    "ɬ",
+    "ɪ",
+    None,
+    "ʞ",
+    "ʇ",
+    "ʝ",
+    "ꭓ",
+    "ꞵ",
+    None,
+    "ꞷ",
+    None,
+    "ꞹ",
+    None,
+    "ꞻ",
+    None,
+    "ꞽ",
+    None,
+    "ꞿ",
+    None,
+    "ꟁ",
+    None,
+    "ꟃ",
+    None,
+    "ꞔ",
+    "ʂ",
+    "ᶎ",
+    "ꟈ",
+    None,
+    "ꟊ",
+    None,
+    "ɤ",
+    "\ua7cd",
+    None,
+    "\ua7cf",
+    None,
+    "ꟑ",
+    None,
+    "ꟓ",
+    None,
+    "ꟕ",
+    None,
+    "ꟗ",
+    None,
+    "ꟙ",
+    None,
+    "\ua7db",
+    None,
+    "ƛ",
+    None,
+    "s",
+    "c",
+    "f",
+    "q",
+    "ꟶ",
+    None,
+    "ħ",
+    "œ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "ꜧ",
+    "ꬷ",
+    "ɫ",
+    "ꭒ",
+    None,
+    "ʍ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    "Ꭰ",
+    "Ꭱ",
+    "Ꭲ",
+    "Ꭳ",
+    "Ꭴ",
+    "Ꭵ",
+    "Ꭶ",
+    "Ꭷ",
+    "Ꭸ",
+    "Ꭹ",
+    "Ꭺ",
+    "Ꭻ",
+    "Ꭼ",
+    "Ꭽ",
+    "Ꭾ",
+    "Ꭿ",
+    "Ꮀ",
+    "Ꮁ",
+    "Ꮂ",
+    "Ꮃ",
+    "Ꮄ",
+    "Ꮅ",
+    "Ꮆ",
+    "Ꮇ",
+    "Ꮈ",
+    "Ꮉ",
+    "Ꮊ",
+    "Ꮋ",
+    "Ꮌ",
+    "Ꮍ",
+    "Ꮎ",
+    "Ꮏ",
+    "Ꮐ",
+    "Ꮑ",
+    "Ꮒ",
+    "Ꮓ",
+    "Ꮔ",
+    "Ꮕ",
+    "Ꮖ",
+    "Ꮗ",
+    "Ꮘ",
+    "Ꮙ",
+    "Ꮚ",
+    "Ꮛ",
+    "Ꮜ",
+    "Ꮝ",
+    "Ꮞ",
+    "Ꮟ",
+    "Ꮠ",
+    "Ꮡ",
+    "Ꮢ",
+    "Ꮣ",
+    "Ꮤ",
+    "Ꮥ",
+    "Ꮦ",
+    "Ꮧ",
+    "Ꮨ",
+    "Ꮩ",
+    "Ꮪ",
+    "Ꮫ",
+    "Ꮬ",
+    "Ꮭ",
+    "Ꮮ",
+    "Ꮯ",
+    "Ꮰ",
+    "Ꮱ",
+    "Ꮲ",
+    "Ꮳ",
+    "Ꮴ",
+    "Ꮵ",
+    "Ꮶ",
+    "Ꮷ",
+    "Ꮸ",
+    "Ꮹ",
+    "Ꮺ",
+    "Ꮻ",
+    "Ꮼ",
+    "Ꮽ",
+    "Ꮾ",
+    "Ꮿ",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "豈",
+    "更",
+    "車",
+    "賈",
+    "滑",
+    "串",
+    "句",
+    "龜",
+    "契",
+    "金",
+    "喇",
+    "奈",
+    "懶",
+    "癩",
+    "羅",
+    "蘿",
+    "螺",
+    "裸",
+    "邏",
+    "樂",
+    "洛",
+    "烙",
+    "珞",
+    "落",
+    "酪",
+    "駱",
+    "亂",
+    "卵",
+    "欄",
+    "爛",
+    "蘭",
+    "鸞",
+    "嵐",
+    "濫",
+    "藍",
+    "襤",
+    "拉",
+    "臘",
+    "蠟",
+    "廊",
+    "朗",
+    "浪",
+    "狼",
+    "郎",
+    "來",
+    "冷",
+    "勞",
+    "擄",
+    "櫓",
+    "爐",
+    "盧",
+    "老",
+    "蘆",
+    "虜",
+    "路",
+    "露",
+    "魯",
+    "鷺",
+    "碌",
+    "祿",
+    "綠",
+    "菉",
+    "錄",
+    "鹿",
+    "論",
+    "壟",
+    "弄",
+    "籠",
+    "聾",
+    "牢",
+    "磊",
+    "賂",
+    "雷",
+    "壘",
+    "屢",
+    "樓",
+    "淚",
+    "漏",
+    "累",
+    "縷",
+    "陋",
+    "勒",
+    "肋",
+    "凜",
+    "凌",
+    "稜",
+    "綾",
+    "菱",
+    "陵",
+    "讀",
+    "拏",
+    "樂",
+    "諾",
+    "丹",
+    "寧",
+    "怒",
+    "率",
+    "異",
+    "北",
+    "磻",
+    "便",
+    "復",
+    "不",
+    "泌",
+    "數",
+    "索",
+    "參",
+    "塞",
+    "省",
+    "葉",
+    "說",
+    "殺",
+    "辰",
+    "沈",
+    "拾",
+    "若",
+    "掠",
+    "略",
+    "亮",
+    "兩",
+    "凉",
+    "梁",
+    "糧",
+    "良",
+    "諒",
+    "量",
+    "勵",
+    "呂",
+    "女",
+    "廬",
+    "旅",
+    "濾",
+    "礪",
+    "閭",
+    "驪",
+    "麗",
+    "黎",
+    "力",
+    "曆",
+    "歷",
+    "轢",
+    "年",
+    "憐",
+    "戀",
+    "撚",
+    "漣",
+    "煉",
+    "璉",
+    "秊",
+    "練",
+    "聯",
+    "輦",
+    "蓮",
+    "連",
+    "鍊",
+    "列",
+    "劣",
+    "咽",
+    "烈",
+    "裂",
+    "說",
+    "廉",
+    "念",
+    "捻",
+    "殮",
+    "簾",
+    "獵",
+    "令",
+    "囹",
+    "寧",
+    "嶺",
+    "怜",
+    "玲",
+    "瑩",
+    "羚",
+    "聆",
+    "鈴",
+    "零",
+    "靈",
+    "領",
+    "例",
+    "禮",
+    "醴",
+    "隸",
+    "惡",
+    "了",
+    "僚",
+    "寮",
+    "尿",
+    "料",
+    "樂",
+    "燎",
+    "療",
+    "蓼",
+    "遼",
+    "龍",
+    "暈",
+    "阮",
+    "劉",
+    "杻",
+    "柳",
+    "流",
+    "溜",
+    "琉",
+    "留",
+    "硫",
+    "紐",
+    "類",
+    "六",
+    "戮",
+    "陸",
+    "倫",
+    "崙",
+    "淪",
+    "輪",
+    "律",
+    "慄",
+    "栗",
+    "率",
+    "隆",
+    "利",
+    "吏",
+    "履",
+    "易",
+    "李",
+    "梨",
+    "泥",
+    "理",
+    "痢",
+    "罹",
+    "裏",
+    "裡",
+    "里",
+    "離",
+    "匿",
+    "溺",
+    "吝",
+    "燐",
+    "璘",
+    "藺",
+    "隣",
+    "鱗",
+    "麟",
+    "林",
+    "淋",
+    "臨",
+    "立",
+    "笠",
+    "粒",
+    "狀",
+    "炙",
+    "識",
+    "什",
+    "茶",
+    "刺",
+    "切",
+    "度",
+    "拓",
+    "糖",
+    "宅",
+    "洞",
+    "暴",
+    "輻",
+    "行",
+    "降",
+    "見",
+    "廓",
+    "兀",
+    "嗀",
+    None,
+    "塚",
+    None,
+    "晴",
+    None,
+    "凞",
+    "猪",
+    "益",
+    "礼",
+    "神",
+    "祥",
+    "福",
+    "靖",
+    "精",
+    "羽",
+    None,
+    "蘒",
+    None,
+    "諸",
+    None,
+    "逸",
+    "都",
+    None,
+    "飯",
+    "飼",
+    "館",
+    "鶴",
+    "郞",
+    "隷",
+    "侮",
+    "僧",
+    "免",
+    "勉",
+    "勤",
+    "卑",
+    "喝",
+    "嘆",
+    "器",
+    "塀",
+    "墨",
+    "層",
+    "屮",
+    "悔",
+    "慨",
+    "憎",
+    "懲",
+    "敏",
+    "既",
+    "暑",
+    "梅",
+    "海",
+    "渚",
+    "漢",
+    "煮",
+    "爫",
+    "琢",
+    "碑",
+    "社",
+    "祉",
+    "祈",
+    "祐",
+    "祖",
+    "祝",
+    "禍",
+    "禎",
+    "穀",
+    "突",
+    "節",
+    "練",
+    "縉",
+    "繁",
+    "署",
+    "者",
+    "臭",
+    "艹",
+    "著",
+    "褐",
+    "視",
+    "謁",
+    "謹",
+    "賓",
+    "贈",
+    "辶",
+    "逸",
+    "難",
+    "響",
+    "頻",
+    "恵",
+    "𤋮",
+    "舘",
+    None,
+    "並",
+    "况",
+    "全",
+    "侀",
+    "充",
+    "冀",
+    "勇",
+    "勺",
+    "喝",
+    "啕",
+    "喙",
+    "嗢",
+    "塚",
+    "墳",
+    "奄",
+    "奔",
+    "婢",
+    "嬨",
+    "廒",
+    "廙",
+    "彩",
+    "徭",
+    "惘",
+    "慎",
+    "愈",
+    "憎",
+    "慠",
+    "懲",
+    "戴",
+    "揄",
+    "搜",
+    "摒",
+    "敖",
+    "晴",
+    "朗",
+    "望",
+    "杖",
+    "歹",
+    "殺",
+    "流",
+    "滛",
+    "滋",
+    "漢",
+    "瀞",
+    "煮",
+    "瞧",
+    "爵",
+    "犯",
+    "猪",
+    "瑱",
+    "甆",
+    "画",
+    "瘝",
+    "瘟",
+    "益",
+    "盛",
+    "直",
+    "睊",
+    "着",
+    "磌",
+    "窱",
+    "節",
+    "类",
+    "絛",
+    "練",
+    "缾",
+    "者",
+    "荒",
+    "華",
+    "蝹",
+    "襁",
+    "覆",
+    "視",
+    "調",
+    "諸",
+    "請",
+    "謁",
+    "諾",
+    "諭",
+    "謹",
+    "變",
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+    "字",
+    "双",
+    "デ",
+    "二",
+    "多",
+    "解",
+    "天",
+    "交",
+    "映",
+    "無",
+    "料",
+    "前",
+    "後",
+    "再",
+    "新",
+    "初",
+    "終",
+    "生",
+    "販",
+    "声",
+    "吹",
+    "演",
+    "投",
+    "捕",
+    "一",
+    "三",
+    "遊",
+    "左",
+    "中",
+    "右",
+    "指",
+    "走",
+    "打",
+    "禁",
+    "空",
+    "合",
+    "満",
+    "有",
+    "月",
+    "申",
+    "割",
+    "営",
+    "配",
+    None,
+    "〔本〕",
+    "〔三〕",
+    "〔二〕",
+    "〔安〕",
+    "〔点〕",
+    "〔打〕",
+    "〔盗〕",
+    "〔勝〕",
+    "〔敗〕",
+    None,
+    "得",
+    "可",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "0",
+    "1",
+    "2",
+    "3",
+    "4",
+    "5",
+    "6",
+    "7",
+    "8",
+    "9",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    "丽",
+    "丸",
+    "乁",
+    "𠄢",
+    "你",
+    "侮",
+    "侻",
+    "倂",
+    "偺",
+    "備",
+    "僧",
+    "像",
+    "㒞",
+    "𠘺",
+    "免",
+    "兔",
+    "兤",
+    "具",
+    "𠔜",
+    "㒹",
+    "內",
+    "再",
+    "𠕋",
+    "冗",
+    "冤",
+    "仌",
+    "冬",
+    "况",
+    "𩇟",
+    "凵",
+    "刃",
+    "㓟",
+    "刻",
+    "剆",
+    "割",
+    "剷",
+    "㔕",
+    "勇",
+    "勉",
+    "勤",
+    "勺",
+    "包",
+    "匆",
+    "北",
+    "卉",
+    "卑",
+    "博",
+    "即",
+    "卽",
+    "卿",
+    "𠨬",
+    "灰",
+    "及",
+    "叟",
+    "𠭣",
+    "叫",
+    "叱",
+    "吆",
+    "咞",
+    "吸",
+    "呈",
+    "周",
+    "咢",
+    "哶",
+    "唐",
+    "啓",
+    "啣",
+    "善",
+    "喙",
+    "喫",
+    "喳",
+    "嗂",
+    "圖",
+    "嘆",
+    "圗",
+    "噑",
+    "噴",
+    "切",
+    "壮",
+    "城",
+    "埴",
+    "堍",
+    "型",
+    "堲",
+    "報",
+    "墬",
+    "𡓤",
+    "売",
+    "壷",
+    "夆",
+    "多",
+    "夢",
+    "奢",
+    "𡚨",
+    "𡛪",
+    "姬",
+    "娛",
+    "娧",
+    "姘",
+    "婦",
+    "㛮",
+    "㛼",
+    "嬈",
+    "嬾",
+    "𡧈",
+    "寃",
+    "寘",
+    "寧",
+    "寳",
+    "𡬘",
+    "寿",
+    "将",
+    "当",
+    "尢",
+    "㞁",
+    "屠",
+    "屮",
+    "峀",
+    "岍",
+    "𡷤",
+    "嵃",
+    "𡷦",
+    "嵮",
+    "嵫",
+    "嵼",
+    "巡",
+    "巢",
+    "㠯",
+    "巽",
+    "帨",
+    "帽",
+    "幩",
+    "㡢",
+    "𢆃",
+    "㡼",
+    "庰",
+    "庳",
+    "庶",
+    "廊",
+    "𪎒",
+    "廾",
+    "𢌱",
+    "舁",
+    "弢",
+    "㣇",
+    "𣊸",
+    "𦇚",
+    "形",
+    "彫",
+    "㣣",
+    "徚",
+    "忍",
+    "志",
+    "忹",
+    "悁",
+    "㤺",
+    "㤜",
+    "悔",
+    "𢛔",
+    "惇",
+    "慈",
+    "慌",
+    "慎",
+    "慌",
+    "慺",
+    "憎",
+    "憲",
+    "憤",
+    "憯",
+    "懞",
+    "懲",
+    "懶",
+    "成",
+    "戛",
+    "扝",
+    "抱",
+    "拔",
+    "捐",
+    "𢬌",
+    "挽",
+    "拼",
+    "捨",
+    "掃",
+    "揤",
+    "𢯱",
+    "搢",
+    "揅",
+    "掩",
+    "㨮",
+    "摩",
+    "摾",
+    "撝",
+    "摷",
+    "㩬",
+    "敏",
+    "敬",
+    "𣀊",
+    "旣",
+    "書",
+    "晉",
+    "㬙",
+    "暑",
+    "㬈",
+    "㫤",
+    "冒",
+    "冕",
+    "最",
+    "暜",
+    "肭",
+    "䏙",
+    "朗",
+    "望",
+    "朡",
+    "杞",
+    "杓",
+    "𣏃",
+    "㭉",
+    "柺",
+    "枅",
+    "桒",
+    "梅",
+    "𣑭",
+    "梎",
+    "栟",
+    "椔",
+    "㮝",
+    "楂",
+    "榣",
+    "槪",
+    "檨",
+    "𣚣",
+    "櫛",
+    "㰘",
+    "次",
+    "𣢧",
+    "歔",
+    "㱎",
+    "歲",
+    "殟",
+    "殺",
+    "殻",
+    "𣪍",
+    "𡴋",
+    "𣫺",
+    "汎",
+    "𣲼",
+    "沿",
+    "泍",
+    "汧",
+    "洖",
+    "派",
+    "海",
+    "流",
+    "浩",
+    "浸",
+    "涅",
+    "𣴞",
+    "洴",
+    "港",
+    "湮",
+    "㴳",
+    "滋",
+    "滇",
+    "𣻑",
+    "淹",
+    "潮",
+    "𣽞",
+    "𣾎",
+    "濆",
+    "瀹",
+    "瀞",
+    "瀛",
+    "㶖",
+    "灊",
+    "災",
+    "灷",
+    "炭",
+    "𠔥",
+    "煅",
+    "𤉣",
+    "熜",
+    "𤎫",
+    "爨",
+    "爵",
+    "牐",
+    "𤘈",
+    "犀",
+    "犕",
+    "𤜵",
+    "𤠔",
+    "獺",
+    "王",
+    "㺬",
+    "玥",
+    "㺸",
+    "瑇",
+    "瑜",
+    "瑱",
+    "璅",
+    "瓊",
+    "㼛",
+    "甤",
+    "𤰶",
+    "甾",
+    "𤲒",
+    "異",
+    "𢆟",
+    "瘐",
+    "𤾡",
+    "𤾸",
+    "𥁄",
+    "㿼",
+    "䀈",
+    "直",
+    "𥃳",
+    "𥃲",
+    "𥄙",
+    "𥄳",
+    "眞",
+    "真",
+    "睊",
+    "䀹",
+    "瞋",
+    "䁆",
+    "䂖",
+    "𥐝",
+    "硎",
+    "碌",
+    "磌",
+    "䃣",
+    "𥘦",
+    "祖",
+    "𥚚",
+    "𥛅",
+    "福",
+    "秫",
+    "䄯",
+    "穀",
+    "穊",
+    "穏",
+    "𥥼",
+    "𥪧",
+    "竮",
+    "䈂",
+    "𥮫",
+    "篆",
+    "築",
+    "䈧",
+    "𥲀",
+    "糒",
+    "䊠",
+    "糨",
+    "糣",
+    "紀",
+    "𥾆",
+    "絣",
+    "䌁",
+    "緇",
+    "縂",
+    "繅",
+    "䌴",
+    "𦈨",
+    "𦉇",
+    "䍙",
+    "𦋙",
+    "罺",
+    "𦌾",
+    "羕",
+    "翺",
+    "者",
+    "𦓚",
+    "𦔣",
+    "聠",
+    "𦖨",
+    "聰",
+    "𣍟",
+    "䏕",
+    "育",
+    "脃",
+    "䐋",
+    "脾",
+    "媵",
+    "𦞧",
+    "𦞵",
+    "𣎓",
+    "𣎜",
+    "舁",
+    "舄",
+    "辞",
+    "䑫",
+    "芑",
+    "芋",
+    "芝",
+    "劳",
+    "花",
+    "芳",
+    "芽",
+    "苦",
+    "𦬼",
+    "若",
+    "茝",
+    "荣",
+    "莭",
+    "茣",
+    "莽",
+    "菧",
+    "著",
+    "荓",
+    "菊",
+    "菌",
+    "菜",
+    "𦰶",
+    "𦵫",
+    "𦳕",
+    "䔫",
+    "蓱",
+    "蓳",
+    "蔖",
+    "𧏊",
+    "蕤",
+    "𦼬",
+    "䕝",
+    "䕡",
+    "𦾱",
+    "𧃒",
+    "䕫",
+    "虐",
+    "虜",
+    "虧",
+    "虩",
+    "蚩",
+    "蚈",
+    "蜎",
+    "蛢",
+    "蝹",
+    "蜨",
+    "蝫",
+    "螆",
+    "䗗",
+    "蟡",
+    "蠁",
+    "䗹",
+    "衠",
+    "衣",
+    "𧙧",
+    "裗",
+    "裞",
+    "䘵",
+    "裺",
+    "㒻",
+    "𧢮",
+    "𧥦",
+    "䚾",
+    "䛇",
+    "誠",
+    "諭",
+    "變",
+    "豕",
+    "𧲨",
+    "貫",
+    "賁",
+    "贛",
+    "起",
+    "𧼯",
+    "𠠄",
+    "跋",
+    "趼",
+    "跰",
+    "𠣞",
+    "軔",
+    "輸",
+    "𨗒",
+    "𨗭",
+    "邔",
+    "郱",
+    "鄑",
+    "𨜮",
+    "鄛",
+    "鈸",
+    "鋗",
+    "鋘",
+    "鉼",
+    "鏹",
+    "鐕",
+    "𨯺",
+    "開",
+    "䦕",
+    "閷",
+    "𨵷",
+    "䧦",
+    "雃",
+    "嶲",
+    "霣",
+    "𩅅",
+    "𩈚",
+    "䩮",
+    "䩶",
+    "韠",
+    "𩐊",
+    "䪲",
+    "𩒖",
+    "頋",
+    "頩",
+    "𩖶",
+    "飢",
+    "䬳",
+    "餩",
+    "馧",
+    "駂",
+    "駾",
+    "䯎",
+    "𩬰",
+    "鬒",
+    "鱀",
+    "鳽",
+    "䳎",
+    "䳭",
+    "鵧",
+    "𪃎",
+    "䳸",
+    "𪄅",
+    "𪈎",
+    "𪊑",
+    "麻",
+    "䵖",
+    "黹",
+    "黾",
+    "鼅",
+    "鼏",
+    "鼖",
+    "鼻",
+    "𪘀",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53c08d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2012, Andrew Dunham
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This only works if using a file system, other loaders not implemented.
+
+import importlib.util
+import sys
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+
+for p in sys.path:
+    file_path = Path(p, "multipart.py")
+    try:
+        if file_path.is_file():
+            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("multipart", file_path)
+            assert spec is not None, f"{file_path} found but not loadable!"
+            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            sys.modules["multipart"] = module
+            assert spec.loader is not None, f"{file_path} must be loadable!"
+            spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+            break
+    except PermissionError:
+        pass
+else:
+    warnings.warn("Please use `import python_multipart` instead.", PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    from python_multipart import *
+    from python_multipart import __all__, __version__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..6334a74
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/decoders.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/decoders.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ba6b25
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2d5933
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/multipart.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/multipart.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ebd86f
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/__pycache__/multipart.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/decoders.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/decoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31acdfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from python_multipart.decoders import *
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36815d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from python_multipart.exceptions import *
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/multipart.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bf567d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/multipart/multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from python_multipart.multipart import *
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e63548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/AUTHORS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+@Switch01
+A_Rog
+Aakanksha Agrawal
+Abhinav Sagar
+ABHYUDAY PRATAP SINGH
+abs51295
+AceGentile
+Adam Chainz
+Adam Tse
+Adam Wentz
+admin
+Adrien Morison
+ahayrapetyan
+Ahilya
+AinsworthK
+Akash Srivastava
+Alan Yee
+Albert Tugushev
+Albert-Guan
+albertg
+Alberto Sottile
+Aleks Bunin
+Ales Erjavec
+Alethea Flowers
+Alex Gaynor
+Alex Grönholm
+Alex Hedges
+Alex Loosley
+Alex Morega
+Alex Stachowiak
+Alexander Shtyrov
+Alexandre Conrad
+Alexey Popravka
+Aleš Erjavec
+Alli
+Ami Fischman
+Ananya Maiti
+Anatoly Techtonik
+Anders Kaseorg
+Andre Aguiar
+Andreas Lutro
+Andrei Geacar
+Andrew Gaul
+Andrew Shymanel
+Andrey Bienkowski
+Andrey Bulgakov
+Andrés Delfino
+Andy Freeland
+Andy Kluger
+Ani Hayrapetyan
+Aniruddha Basak
+Anish Tambe
+Anrs Hu
+Anthony Sottile
+Antoine Musso
+Anton Ovchinnikov
+Anton Patrushev
+Antonio Alvarado Hernandez
+Antony Lee
+Antti Kaihola
+Anubhav Patel
+Anudit Nagar
+Anuj Godase
+AQNOUCH Mohammed
+AraHaan
+Arindam Choudhury
+Armin Ronacher
+Artem
+Arun Babu Neelicattu
+Ashley Manton
+Ashwin Ramaswami
+atse
+Atsushi Odagiri
+Avinash Karhana
+Avner Cohen
+Awit (Ah-Wit) Ghirmai
+Baptiste Mispelon
+Barney Gale
+barneygale
+Bartek Ogryczak
+Bastian Venthur
+Ben Bodenmiller
+Ben Darnell
+Ben Hoyt
+Ben Mares
+Ben Rosser
+Bence Nagy
+Benjamin Peterson
+Benjamin VanEvery
+Benoit Pierre
+Berker Peksag
+Bernard
+Bernard Tyers
+Bernardo B. Marques
+Bernhard M. Wiedemann
+Bertil Hatt
+Bhavam Vidyarthi
+Blazej Michalik
+Bogdan Opanchuk
+BorisZZZ
+Brad Erickson
+Bradley Ayers
+Brandon L. Reiss
+Brandt Bucher
+Brett Randall
+Brett Rosen
+Brian Cristante
+Brian Rosner
+briantracy
+BrownTruck
+Bruno Oliveira
+Bruno Renié
+Bruno S
+Bstrdsmkr
+Buck Golemon
+burrows
+Bussonnier Matthias
+bwoodsend
+c22
+Caleb Martinez
+Calvin Smith
+Carl Meyer
+Carlos Liam
+Carol Willing
+Carter Thayer
+Cass
+Chandrasekhar Atina
+Chih-Hsuan Yen
+Chris Brinker
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e7b65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008-present The pip developers (see AUTHORS.txt file)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b45bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: pip
+Version: 24.0
+Summary: The PyPA recommended tool for installing Python packages.
+Author-email: The pip developers <distutils-sig@python.org>
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://pip.pypa.io/
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pip.pypa.io
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pypa/pip
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+License-File: AUTHORS.txt
+
+pip - The Python Package Installer
+==================================
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pip.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pip/
+   :alt: PyPI
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pip
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/pip
+   :alt: PyPI - Python Version
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pip/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest
+   :alt: Documentation
+
+pip is the `package installer`_ for Python. You can use pip to install packages from the `Python Package Index`_ and other indexes.
+
+Please take a look at our documentation for how to install and use pip:
+
+* `Installation`_
+* `Usage`_
+
+We release updates regularly, with a new version every 3 months. Find more details in our documentation:
+
+* `Release notes`_
+* `Release process`_
+
+If you find bugs, need help, or want to talk to the developers, please use our mailing lists or chat rooms:
+
+* `Issue tracking`_
+* `Discourse channel`_
+* `User IRC`_
+
+If you want to get involved head over to GitHub to get the source code, look at our development documentation and feel free to jump on the developer mailing lists and chat rooms:
+
+* `GitHub page`_
+* `Development documentation`_
+* `Development IRC`_
+
+Code of Conduct
+---------------
+
+Everyone interacting in the pip project's codebases, issue trackers, chat
+rooms, and mailing lists is expected to follow the `PSF Code of Conduct`_.
+
+.. _package installer: https://packaging.python.org/guides/tool-recommendations/
+.. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.org
+.. _Installation: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/
+.. _Usage: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/
+.. _Release notes: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news.html
+.. _Release process: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/
+.. _GitHub page: https://github.com/pypa/pip
+.. _Development documentation: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development
+.. _Issue tracking: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues
+.. _Discourse channel: https://discuss.python.org/c/packaging
+.. _User IRC: https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#ircs://irc.libera.chat:+6697/pypa
+.. _Development IRC: https://kiwiirc.com/nextclient/#ircs://irc.libera.chat:+6697/pypa-dev
+.. _PSF Code of Conduct: https://github.com/pypa/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05ed3ed
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98c0d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.42.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26fa361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[console_scripts]
+pip = pip._internal.cli.main:main
+pip3 = pip._internal.cli.main:main
+pip3.12 = pip._internal.cli.main:main
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip-24.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be0e3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+__version__ = "24.0"
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is an internal API only meant for use by pip's own console scripts.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5991326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Remove '' and current working directory from the first entry
+# of sys.path, if present to avoid using current directory
+# in pip commands check, freeze, install, list and show,
+# when invoked as python -m pip <command>
+if sys.path[0] in ("", os.getcwd()):
+    sys.path.pop(0)
+
+# If we are running from a wheel, add the wheel to sys.path
+# This allows the usage python pip-*.whl/pip install pip-*.whl
+if __package__ == "":
+    # __file__ is pip-*.whl/pip/__main__.py
+    # first dirname call strips of '/__main__.py', second strips off '/pip'
+    # Resulting path is the name of the wheel itself
+    # Add that to sys.path so we can import pip
+    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+    sys.path.insert(0, path)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
+
+    sys.exit(_main())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a148a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/__pip-runner__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""Execute exactly this copy of pip, within a different environment.
+
+This file is named as it is, to ensure that this module can't be imported via
+an import statement.
+"""
+
+# /!\ This version compatibility check section must be Python 2 compatible. /!\
+
+import sys
+
+# Copied from setup.py
+PYTHON_REQUIRES = (3, 7)
+
+
+def version_str(version):  # type: ignore
+    return ".".join(str(v) for v in version)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < PYTHON_REQUIRES:
+    raise SystemExit(
+        "This version of pip does not support python {} (requires >={}).".format(
+            version_str(sys.version_info[:2]), version_str(PYTHON_REQUIRES)
+        )
+    )
+
+# From here on, we can use Python 3 features, but the syntax must remain
+# Python 2 compatible.
+
+import runpy  # noqa: E402
+from importlib.machinery import PathFinder  # noqa: E402
+from os.path import dirname  # noqa: E402
+
+PIP_SOURCES_ROOT = dirname(dirname(__file__))
+
+
+class PipImportRedirectingFinder:
+    @classmethod
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):  # type: ignore
+        if fullname != "pip":
+            return None
+
+        spec = PathFinder.find_spec(fullname, [PIP_SOURCES_ROOT], target)
+        assert spec, (PIP_SOURCES_ROOT, fullname)
+        return spec
+
+
+sys.meta_path.insert(0, PipImportRedirectingFinder())
+
+assert __name__ == "__main__", "Cannot run __pip-runner__.py as a non-main module"
+runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96c6b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.utils import _log
+
+# init_logging() must be called before any call to logging.getLogger()
+# which happens at import of most modules.
+_log.init_logging()
+
+
+def main(args: (Optional[List[str]]) = None) -> int:
+    """This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
+    it.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f704a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/build_env.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+"""Build Environment used for isolation during sdist building
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import site
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip import __file__ as pip_location
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.locations import get_platlib, get_purelib, get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment, get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _dedup(a: str, b: str) -> Union[Tuple[str], Tuple[str, str]]:
+    return (a, b) if a != b else (a,)
+
+
+class _Prefix:
+    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.setup = False
+        scheme = get_scheme("", prefix=path)
+        self.bin_dir = scheme.scripts
+        self.lib_dirs = _dedup(scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib)
+
+
+def get_runnable_pip() -> str:
+    """Get a file to pass to a Python executable, to run the currently-running pip.
+
+    This is used to run a pip subprocess, for installing requirements into the build
+    environment.
+    """
+    source = pathlib.Path(pip_location).resolve().parent
+
+    if not source.is_dir():
+        # This would happen if someone is using pip from inside a zip file. In that
+        # case, we can use that directly.
+        return str(source)
+
+    return os.fsdecode(source / "__pip-runner__.py")
+
+
+def _get_system_sitepackages() -> Set[str]:
+    """Get system site packages
+
+    Usually from site.getsitepackages,
+    but fallback on `get_purelib()/get_platlib()` if unavailable
+    (e.g. in a virtualenv created by virtualenv<20)
+
+    Returns normalized set of strings.
+    """
+    if hasattr(site, "getsitepackages"):
+        system_sites = site.getsitepackages()
+    else:
+        # virtualenv < 20 overwrites site.py without getsitepackages
+        # fallback on get_purelib/get_platlib.
+        # this is known to miss things, but shouldn't in the cases
+        # where getsitepackages() has been removed (inside a virtualenv)
+        system_sites = [get_purelib(), get_platlib()]
+    return {os.path.normcase(path) for path in system_sites}
+
+
+class BuildEnvironment:
+    """Creates and manages an isolated environment to install build deps"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind=tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV, globally_managed=True)
+
+        self._prefixes = OrderedDict(
+            (name, _Prefix(os.path.join(temp_dir.path, name)))
+            for name in ("normal", "overlay")
+        )
+
+        self._bin_dirs: List[str] = []
+        self._lib_dirs: List[str] = []
+        for prefix in reversed(list(self._prefixes.values())):
+            self._bin_dirs.append(prefix.bin_dir)
+            self._lib_dirs.extend(prefix.lib_dirs)
+
+        # Customize site to:
+        # - ensure .pth files are honored
+        # - prevent access to system site packages
+        system_sites = _get_system_sitepackages()
+
+        self._site_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir.path, "site")
+        if not os.path.exists(self._site_dir):
+            os.mkdir(self._site_dir)
+        with open(
+            os.path.join(self._site_dir, "sitecustomize.py"), "w", encoding="utf-8"
+        ) as fp:
+            fp.write(
+                textwrap.dedent(
+                    """
+                import os, site, sys
+
+                # First, drop system-sites related paths.
+                original_sys_path = sys.path[:]
+                known_paths = set()
+                for path in {system_sites!r}:
+                    site.addsitedir(path, known_paths=known_paths)
+                system_paths = set(
+                    os.path.normcase(path)
+                    for path in sys.path[len(original_sys_path):]
+                )
+                original_sys_path = [
+                    path for path in original_sys_path
+                    if os.path.normcase(path) not in system_paths
+                ]
+                sys.path = original_sys_path
+
+                # Second, add lib directories.
+                # ensuring .pth file are processed.
+                for path in {lib_dirs!r}:
+                    assert not path in sys.path
+                    site.addsitedir(path)
+                """
+                ).format(system_sites=system_sites, lib_dirs=self._lib_dirs)
+            )
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        self._save_env = {
+            name: os.environ.get(name, None)
+            for name in ("PATH", "PYTHONNOUSERSITE", "PYTHONPATH")
+        }
+
+        path = self._bin_dirs[:]
+        old_path = self._save_env["PATH"]
+        if old_path:
+            path.extend(old_path.split(os.pathsep))
+
+        pythonpath = [self._site_dir]
+
+        os.environ.update(
+            {
+                "PATH": os.pathsep.join(path),
+                "PYTHONNOUSERSITE": "1",
+                "PYTHONPATH": os.pathsep.join(pythonpath),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        for varname, old_value in self._save_env.items():
+            if old_value is None:
+                os.environ.pop(varname, None)
+            else:
+                os.environ[varname] = old_value
+
+    def check_requirements(
+        self, reqs: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Tuple[Set[Tuple[str, str]], Set[str]]:
+        """Return 2 sets:
+        - conflicting requirements: set of (installed, wanted) reqs tuples
+        - missing requirements: set of reqs
+        """
+        missing = set()
+        conflicting = set()
+        if reqs:
+            env = (
+                get_environment(self._lib_dirs)
+                if hasattr(self, "_lib_dirs")
+                else get_default_environment()
+            )
+            for req_str in reqs:
+                req = Requirement(req_str)
+                # We're explicitly evaluating with an empty extra value, since build
+                # environments are not provided any mechanism to select specific extras.
+                if req.marker is not None and not req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""}):
+                    continue
+                dist = env.get_distribution(req.name)
+                if not dist:
+                    missing.add(req_str)
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(dist.version, Version):
+                    installed_req_str = f"{req.name}=={dist.version}"
+                else:
+                    installed_req_str = f"{req.name}==={dist.version}"
+                if not req.specifier.contains(dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                    conflicting.add((installed_req_str, req_str))
+                # FIXME: Consider direct URL?
+        return conflicting, missing
+
+    def install_requirements(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix_as_string: str,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        prefix = self._prefixes[prefix_as_string]
+        assert not prefix.setup
+        prefix.setup = True
+        if not requirements:
+            return
+        self._install_requirements(
+            get_runnable_pip(),
+            finder,
+            requirements,
+            prefix,
+            kind=kind,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _install_requirements(
+        pip_runnable: str,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix: _Prefix,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        args: List[str] = [
+            sys.executable,
+            pip_runnable,
+            "install",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            "--no-user",
+            "--prefix",
+            prefix.path,
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+        ]
+        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
+            args.append("-v")
+        for format_control in ("no_binary", "only_binary"):
+            formats = getattr(finder.format_control, format_control)
+            args.extend(
+                (
+                    "--" + format_control.replace("_", "-"),
+                    ",".join(sorted(formats or {":none:"})),
+                )
+            )
+
+        index_urls = finder.index_urls
+        if index_urls:
+            args.extend(["-i", index_urls[0]])
+            for extra_index in index_urls[1:]:
+                args.extend(["--extra-index-url", extra_index])
+        else:
+            args.append("--no-index")
+        for link in finder.find_links:
+            args.extend(["--find-links", link])
+
+        for host in finder.trusted_hosts:
+            args.extend(["--trusted-host", host])
+        if finder.allow_all_prereleases:
+            args.append("--pre")
+        if finder.prefer_binary:
+            args.append("--prefer-binary")
+        args.append("--")
+        args.extend(requirements)
+        extra_environ = {"_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT": where()}
+        with open_spinner(f"Installing {kind}") as spinner:
+            call_subprocess(
+                args,
+                command_desc=f"pip subprocess to install {kind}",
+                spinner=spinner,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+            )
+
+
+class NoOpBuildEnvironment(BuildEnvironment):
+    """A no-op drop-in replacement for BuildEnvironment"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def install_requirements(
+        self,
+        finder: "PackageFinder",
+        requirements: Iterable[str],
+        prefix_as_string: str,
+        *,
+        kind: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f45ac23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""Cache Management
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag, interpreter_name, interpreter_version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ORIGIN_JSON_NAME = "origin.json"
+
+
+def _hash_dict(d: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    """Return a stable sha224 of a dictionary."""
+    s = json.dumps(d, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=True)
+    return hashlib.sha224(s.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()
+
+
+class Cache:
+    """An abstract class - provides cache directories for data from links
+
+    :param cache_dir: The root of the cache.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
+        self.cache_dir = cache_dir or None
+
+    def _get_cache_path_parts(self, link: Link) -> List[str]:
+        """Get parts of part that must be os.path.joined with cache_dir"""
+
+        # We want to generate an url to use as our cache key, we don't want to
+        # just re-use the URL because it might have other items in the fragment
+        # and we don't care about those.
+        key_parts = {"url": link.url_without_fragment}
+        if link.hash_name is not None and link.hash is not None:
+            key_parts[link.hash_name] = link.hash
+        if link.subdirectory_fragment:
+            key_parts["subdirectory"] = link.subdirectory_fragment
+
+        # Include interpreter name, major and minor version in cache key
+        # to cope with ill-behaved sdists that build a different wheel
+        # depending on the python version their setup.py is being run on,
+        # and don't encode the difference in compatibility tags.
+        # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7296
+        key_parts["interpreter_name"] = interpreter_name()
+        key_parts["interpreter_version"] = interpreter_version()
+
+        # Encode our key url with sha224, we'll use this because it has similar
+        # security properties to sha256, but with a shorter total output (and
+        # thus less secure). However the differences don't make a lot of
+        # difference for our use case here.
+        hashed = _hash_dict(key_parts)
+
+        # We want to nest the directories some to prevent having a ton of top
+        # level directories where we might run out of sub directories on some
+        # FS.
+        parts = [hashed[:2], hashed[2:4], hashed[4:6], hashed[6:]]
+
+        return parts
+
+    def _get_candidates(self, link: Link, canonical_package_name: str) -> List[Any]:
+        can_not_cache = not self.cache_dir or not canonical_package_name or not link
+        if can_not_cache:
+            return []
+
+        path = self.get_path_for_link(link)
+        if os.path.isdir(path):
+            return [(candidate, path) for candidate in os.listdir(path)]
+        return []
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        """Return a directory to store cached items in for link."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        """Returns a link to a cached item if it exists, otherwise returns the
+        passed link.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SimpleWheelCache(Cache):
+    """A cache of wheels for future installs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(cache_dir)
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        """Return a directory to store cached wheels for link
+
+        Because there are M wheels for any one sdist, we provide a directory
+        to cache them in, and then consult that directory when looking up
+        cache hits.
+
+        We only insert things into the cache if they have plausible version
+        numbers, so that we don't contaminate the cache with things that were
+        not unique. E.g. ./package might have dozens of installs done for it
+        and build a version of 0.0...and if we built and cached a wheel, we'd
+        end up using the same wheel even if the source has been edited.
+
+        :param link: The link of the sdist for which this will cache wheels.
+        """
+        parts = self._get_cache_path_parts(link)
+        assert self.cache_dir
+        # Store wheels within the root cache_dir
+        return os.path.join(self.cache_dir, "wheels", *parts)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        candidates = []
+
+        if not package_name:
+            return link
+
+        canonical_package_name = canonicalize_name(package_name)
+        for wheel_name, wheel_dir in self._get_candidates(link, canonical_package_name):
+            try:
+                wheel = Wheel(wheel_name)
+            except InvalidWheelFilename:
+                continue
+            if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != canonical_package_name:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ignoring cached wheel %s for %s as it "
+                    "does not match the expected distribution name %s.",
+                    wheel_name,
+                    link,
+                    package_name,
+                )
+                continue
+            if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
+                # Built for a different python/arch/etc
+                continue
+            candidates.append(
+                (
+                    wheel.support_index_min(supported_tags),
+                    wheel_name,
+                    wheel_dir,
+                )
+            )
+
+        if not candidates:
+            return link
+
+        _, wheel_name, wheel_dir = min(candidates)
+        return Link(path_to_url(os.path.join(wheel_dir, wheel_name)))
+
+
+class EphemWheelCache(SimpleWheelCache):
+    """A SimpleWheelCache that creates it's own temporary cache directory"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._temp_dir = TempDirectory(
+            kind=tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(self._temp_dir.path)
+
+
+class CacheEntry:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        persistent: bool,
+    ):
+        self.link = link
+        self.persistent = persistent
+        self.origin: Optional[DirectUrl] = None
+        origin_direct_url_path = Path(self.link.file_path).parent / ORIGIN_JSON_NAME
+        if origin_direct_url_path.exists():
+            try:
+                self.origin = DirectUrl.from_json(
+                    origin_direct_url_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid cache entry origin file %s for %s (%s)",
+                    origin_direct_url_path,
+                    link.filename,
+                    e,
+                )
+
+
+class WheelCache(Cache):
+    """Wraps EphemWheelCache and SimpleWheelCache into a single Cache
+
+    This Cache allows for gracefully degradation, using the ephem wheel cache
+    when a certain link is not found in the simple wheel cache first.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(cache_dir)
+        self._wheel_cache = SimpleWheelCache(cache_dir)
+        self._ephem_cache = EphemWheelCache()
+
+    def get_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
+
+    def get_ephem_path_for_link(self, link: Link) -> str:
+        return self._ephem_cache.get_path_for_link(link)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Link:
+        cache_entry = self.get_cache_entry(link, package_name, supported_tags)
+        if cache_entry is None:
+            return link
+        return cache_entry.link
+
+    def get_cache_entry(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        package_name: Optional[str],
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Returns a CacheEntry with a link to a cached item if it exists or
+        None. The cache entry indicates if the item was found in the persistent
+        or ephemeral cache.
+        """
+        retval = self._wheel_cache.get(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=package_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+        )
+        if retval is not link:
+            return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=True)
+
+        retval = self._ephem_cache.get(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=package_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+        )
+        if retval is not link:
+            return CacheEntry(retval, persistent=False)
+
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def record_download_origin(cache_dir: str, download_info: DirectUrl) -> None:
+        origin_path = Path(cache_dir) / ORIGIN_JSON_NAME
+        if origin_path.exists():
+            try:
+                origin = DirectUrl.from_json(origin_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Could not read origin file %s in cache entry (%s). "
+                    "Will attempt to overwrite it.",
+                    origin_path,
+                    e,
+                )
+            else:
+                # TODO: use DirectUrl.equivalent when
+                # https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/10564 is merged.
+                if origin.url != download_info.url:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Origin URL %s in cache entry %s does not match download URL "
+                        "%s. This is likely a pip bug or a cache corruption issue. "
+                        "Will overwrite it with the new value.",
+                        origin.url,
+                        cache_dir,
+                        download_info.url,
+                    )
+        origin_path.write_text(download_info.to_json(), encoding="utf-8")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e589bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Subpackage containing all of pip's command line interface related code
+"""
+
+# This file intentionally does not import submodules
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5950b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Logic that powers autocompletion installed by ``pip completion``.
+"""
+
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
+from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, create_command
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+
+
+def autocomplete() -> None:
+    """Entry Point for completion of main and subcommand options."""
+    # Don't complete if user hasn't sourced bash_completion file.
+    if "PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE" not in os.environ:
+        return
+    cwords = os.environ["COMP_WORDS"].split()[1:]
+    cword = int(os.environ["COMP_CWORD"])
+    try:
+        current = cwords[cword - 1]
+    except IndexError:
+        current = ""
+
+    parser = create_main_parser()
+    subcommands = list(commands_dict)
+    options = []
+
+    # subcommand
+    subcommand_name: Optional[str] = None
+    for word in cwords:
+        if word in subcommands:
+            subcommand_name = word
+            break
+    # subcommand options
+    if subcommand_name is not None:
+        # special case: 'help' subcommand has no options
+        if subcommand_name == "help":
+            sys.exit(1)
+        # special case: list locally installed dists for show and uninstall
+        should_list_installed = not current.startswith("-") and subcommand_name in [
+            "show",
+            "uninstall",
+        ]
+        if should_list_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            lc = current.lower()
+            installed = [
+                dist.canonical_name
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=True)
+                if dist.canonical_name.startswith(lc)
+                and dist.canonical_name not in cwords[1:]
+            ]
+            # if there are no dists installed, fall back to option completion
+            if installed:
+                for dist in installed:
+                    print(dist)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+        should_list_installables = (
+            not current.startswith("-") and subcommand_name == "install"
+        )
+        if should_list_installables:
+            for path in auto_complete_paths(current, "path"):
+                print(path)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        subcommand = create_command(subcommand_name)
+
+        for opt in subcommand.parser.option_list_all:
+            if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+                options += [
+                    (opt_str, opt.nargs) for opt_str in opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
+                ]
+
+        # filter out previously specified options from available options
+        prev_opts = [x.split("=")[0] for x in cwords[1 : cword - 1]]
+        options = [(x, v) for (x, v) in options if x not in prev_opts]
+        # filter options by current input
+        options = [(k, v) for k, v in options if k.startswith(current)]
+        # get completion type given cwords and available subcommand options
+        completion_type = get_path_completion_type(
+            cwords,
+            cword,
+            subcommand.parser.option_list_all,
+        )
+        # get completion files and directories if ``completion_type`` is
+        # ``<file>``, ``<dir>`` or ``<path>``
+        if completion_type:
+            paths = auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type)
+            options = [(path, 0) for path in paths]
+        for option in options:
+            opt_label = option[0]
+            # append '=' to options which require args
+            if option[1] and option[0][:2] == "--":
+                opt_label += "="
+            print(opt_label)
+    else:
+        # show main parser options only when necessary
+
+        opts = [i.option_list for i in parser.option_groups]
+        opts.append(parser.option_list)
+        flattened_opts = chain.from_iterable(opts)
+        if current.startswith("-"):
+            for opt in flattened_opts:
+                if opt.help != optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+                    subcommands += opt._long_opts + opt._short_opts
+        else:
+            # get completion type given cwords and all available options
+            completion_type = get_path_completion_type(cwords, cword, flattened_opts)
+            if completion_type:
+                subcommands = list(auto_complete_paths(current, completion_type))
+
+        print(" ".join([x for x in subcommands if x.startswith(current)]))
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def get_path_completion_type(
+    cwords: List[str], cword: int, opts: Iterable[Any]
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Get the type of path completion (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
+
+    :param cwords: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_WORDS``
+    :param cword: same as the environmental variable ``COMP_CWORD``
+    :param opts: The available options to check
+    :return: path completion type (``file``, ``dir``, ``path`` or None)
+    """
+    if cword < 2 or not cwords[cword - 2].startswith("-"):
+        return None
+    for opt in opts:
+        if opt.help == optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP:
+            continue
+        for o in str(opt).split("/"):
+            if cwords[cword - 2].split("=")[0] == o:
+                if not opt.metavar or any(
+                    x in ("path", "file", "dir") for x in opt.metavar.split("/")
+                ):
+                    return opt.metavar
+    return None
+
+
+def auto_complete_paths(current: str, completion_type: str) -> Iterable[str]:
+    """If ``completion_type`` is ``file`` or ``path``, list all regular files
+    and directories starting with ``current``; otherwise only list directories
+    starting with ``current``.
+
+    :param current: The word to be completed
+    :param completion_type: path completion type(``file``, ``path`` or ``dir``)
+    :return: A generator of regular files and/or directories
+    """
+    directory, filename = os.path.split(current)
+    current_path = os.path.abspath(directory)
+    # Don't complete paths if they can't be accessed
+    if not os.access(current_path, os.R_OK):
+        return
+    filename = os.path.normcase(filename)
+    # list all files that start with ``filename``
+    file_list = (
+        x for x in os.listdir(current_path) if os.path.normcase(x).startswith(filename)
+    )
+    for f in file_list:
+        opt = os.path.join(current_path, f)
+        comp_file = os.path.normcase(os.path.join(directory, f))
+        # complete regular files when there is not ``<dir>`` after option
+        # complete directories when there is ``<file>``, ``<path>`` or
+        # ``<dir>``after option
+        if completion_type != "dir" and os.path.isfile(opt):
+            yield comp_file
+        elif os.path.isdir(opt):
+            yield os.path.join(comp_file, "")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db9d5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+"""Base Command class, and related routines"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import logging.config
+import optparse
+import os
+import sys
+import traceback
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import traceback as rich_traceback
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser, UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import (
+    ERROR,
+    PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR,
+    UNKNOWN_ERROR,
+    VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND,
+)
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BadCommand,
+    CommandError,
+    DiagnosticPipError,
+    InstallationError,
+    NetworkConnectionError,
+    PreviousBuildDirError,
+    UninstallationError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import check_path_owner
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import BrokenStdoutLoggingError, setup_logging
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectoryTypeRegistry as TempDirRegistry
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import global_tempdir_manager, tempdir_registry
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+__all__ = ["Command"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Command(CommandContextMixIn):
+    usage: str = ""
+    ignore_require_venv: bool = False
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, summary: str, isolated: bool = False) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.name = name
+        self.summary = summary
+        self.parser = ConfigOptionParser(
+            usage=self.usage,
+            prog=f"{get_prog()} {name}",
+            formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
+            add_help_option=False,
+            name=name,
+            description=self.__doc__,
+            isolated=isolated,
+        )
+
+        self.tempdir_registry: Optional[TempDirRegistry] = None
+
+        # Commands should add options to this option group
+        optgroup_name = f"{self.name.capitalize()} Options"
+        self.cmd_opts = optparse.OptionGroup(self.parser, optgroup_name)
+
+        # Add the general options
+        gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.general_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+        self.parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
+
+        self.add_options()
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        """
+        This is a no-op so that commands by default do not do the pip version
+        check.
+        """
+        # Make sure we do the pip version check if the index_group options
+        # are present.
+        assert not hasattr(options, "no_index")
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def parse_args(self, args: List[str]) -> Tuple[Values, List[str]]:
+        # factored out for testability
+        return self.parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    def main(self, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        try:
+            with self.main_context():
+                return self._main(args)
+        finally:
+            logging.shutdown()
+
+    def _main(self, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        # We must initialize this before the tempdir manager, otherwise the
+        # configuration would not be accessible by the time we clean up the
+        # tempdir manager.
+        self.tempdir_registry = self.enter_context(tempdir_registry())
+        # Intentionally set as early as possible so globally-managed temporary
+        # directories are available to the rest of the code.
+        self.enter_context(global_tempdir_manager())
+
+        options, args = self.parse_args(args)
+
+        # Set verbosity so that it can be used elsewhere.
+        self.verbosity = options.verbose - options.quiet
+
+        level_number = setup_logging(
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            no_color=options.no_color,
+            user_log_file=options.log,
+        )
+
+        always_enabled_features = set(options.features_enabled) & set(
+            cmdoptions.ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES
+        )
+        if always_enabled_features:
+            logger.warning(
+                "The following features are always enabled: %s. ",
+                ", ".join(sorted(always_enabled_features)),
+            )
+
+        # Make sure that the --python argument isn't specified after the
+        # subcommand. We can tell, because if --python was specified,
+        # we should only reach this point if we're running in the created
+        # subprocess, which has the _PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS environment
+        # variable set.
+        if options.python and "_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS" not in os.environ:
+            logger.critical(
+                "The --python option must be placed before the pip subcommand name"
+            )
+            sys.exit(ERROR)
+
+        # TODO: Try to get these passing down from the command?
+        #       without resorting to os.environ to hold these.
+        #       This also affects isolated builds and it should.
+
+        if options.no_input:
+            os.environ["PIP_NO_INPUT"] = "1"
+
+        if options.exists_action:
+            os.environ["PIP_EXISTS_ACTION"] = " ".join(options.exists_action)
+
+        if options.require_venv and not self.ignore_require_venv:
+            # If a venv is required check if it can really be found
+            if not running_under_virtualenv():
+                logger.critical("Could not find an activated virtualenv (required).")
+                sys.exit(VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND)
+
+        if options.cache_dir:
+            options.cache_dir = normalize_path(options.cache_dir)
+            if not check_path_owner(options.cache_dir):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "The directory '%s' or its parent directory is not owned "
+                    "or is not writable by the current user. The cache "
+                    "has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of "
+                    "that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you should "
+                    "use sudo's -H flag.",
+                    options.cache_dir,
+                )
+                options.cache_dir = None
+
+        def intercepts_unhandled_exc(
+            run_func: Callable[..., int]
+        ) -> Callable[..., int]:
+            @functools.wraps(run_func)
+            def exc_logging_wrapper(*args: Any) -> int:
+                try:
+                    status = run_func(*args)
+                    assert isinstance(status, int)
+                    return status
+                except DiagnosticPipError as exc:
+                    logger.error("%s", exc, extra={"rich": True})
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except PreviousBuildDirError as exc:
+                    logger.critical(str(exc))
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR
+                except (
+                    InstallationError,
+                    UninstallationError,
+                    BadCommand,
+                    NetworkConnectionError,
+                ) as exc:
+                    logger.critical(str(exc))
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except CommandError as exc:
+                    logger.critical("%s", exc)
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except BrokenStdoutLoggingError:
+                    # Bypass our logger and write any remaining messages to
+                    # stderr because stdout no longer works.
+                    print("ERROR: Pipe to stdout was broken", file=sys.stderr)
+                    if level_number <= logging.DEBUG:
+                        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    logger.critical("Operation cancelled by user")
+                    logger.debug("Exception information:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except BaseException:
+                    logger.critical("Exception:", exc_info=True)
+
+                    return UNKNOWN_ERROR
+
+            return exc_logging_wrapper
+
+        try:
+            if not options.debug_mode:
+                run = intercepts_unhandled_exc(self.run)
+            else:
+                run = self.run
+                rich_traceback.install(show_locals=True)
+            return run(options, args)
+        finally:
+            self.handle_pip_version_check(options)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d643256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1074 @@
+"""
+shared options and groups
+
+The principle here is to define options once, but *not* instantiate them
+globally. One reason being that options with action='append' can carry state
+between parses. pip parses general options twice internally, and shouldn't
+pass on state. To be consistent, all options will follow this design.
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import importlib.util
+import logging
+import os
+import textwrap
+from functools import partial
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Option, OptionGroup, OptionParser, Values
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.locations import USER_CACHE_DIR, get_src_prefix
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import STRONG_HASHES
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def raise_option_error(parser: OptionParser, option: Option, msg: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Raise an option parsing error using parser.error().
+
+    Args:
+      parser: an OptionParser instance.
+      option: an Option instance.
+      msg: the error text.
+    """
+    msg = f"{option} error: {msg}"
+    msg = textwrap.fill(" ".join(msg.split()))
+    parser.error(msg)
+
+
+def make_option_group(group: Dict[str, Any], parser: ConfigOptionParser) -> OptionGroup:
+    """
+    Return an OptionGroup object
+    group  -- assumed to be dict with 'name' and 'options' keys
+    parser -- an optparse Parser
+    """
+    option_group = OptionGroup(parser, group["name"])
+    for option in group["options"]:
+        option_group.add_option(option())
+    return option_group
+
+
+def check_dist_restriction(options: Values, check_target: bool = False) -> None:
+    """Function for determining if custom platform options are allowed.
+
+    :param options: The OptionParser options.
+    :param check_target: Whether or not to check if --target is being used.
+    """
+    dist_restriction_set = any(
+        [
+            options.python_version,
+            options.platforms,
+            options.abis,
+            options.implementation,
+        ]
+    )
+
+    binary_only = FormatControl(set(), {":all:"})
+    sdist_dependencies_allowed = (
+        options.format_control != binary_only and not options.ignore_dependencies
+    )
+
+    # Installations or downloads using dist restrictions must not combine
+    # source distributions and dist-specific wheels, as they are not
+    # guaranteed to be locally compatible.
+    if dist_restriction_set and sdist_dependencies_allowed:
+        raise CommandError(
+            "When restricting platform and interpreter constraints using "
+            "--python-version, --platform, --abi, or --implementation, "
+            "either --no-deps must be set, or --only-binary=:all: must be "
+            "set and --no-binary must not be set (or must be set to "
+            ":none:)."
+        )
+
+    if check_target:
+        if not options.dry_run and dist_restriction_set and not options.target_dir:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not use any platform or abi specific options unless "
+                "installing via '--target' or using '--dry-run'"
+            )
+
+
+def _path_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.expanduser(value)
+
+
+def _package_name_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
+    return canonicalize_name(value)
+
+
+class PipOption(Option):
+    TYPES = Option.TYPES + ("path", "package_name")
+    TYPE_CHECKER = Option.TYPE_CHECKER.copy()
+    TYPE_CHECKER["package_name"] = _package_name_option_check
+    TYPE_CHECKER["path"] = _path_option_check
+
+
+###########
+# options #
+###########
+
+help_: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-h",
+    "--help",
+    dest="help",
+    action="help",
+    help="Show help.",
+)
+
+debug_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--debug",
+    dest="debug_mode",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, "
+        "instead of logging them to stderr."
+    ),
+)
+
+isolated_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--isolated",
+    dest="isolated_mode",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user "
+        "configuration."
+    ),
+)
+
+require_virtualenv: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--require-virtualenv",
+    "--require-venv",
+    dest="require_venv",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; "
+        "exit with an error otherwise."
+    ),
+)
+
+override_externally_managed: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--break-system-packages",
+    dest="override_externally_managed",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Allow pip to modify an EXTERNALLY-MANAGED Python installation",
+)
+
+python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--python",
+    dest="python",
+    help="Run pip with the specified Python interpreter.",
+)
+
+verbose: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-v",
+    "--verbose",
+    dest="verbose",
+    action="count",
+    default=0,
+    help="Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.",
+)
+
+no_color: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-color",
+    dest="no_color",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Suppress colored output.",
+)
+
+version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-V",
+    "--version",
+    dest="version",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Show version and exit.",
+)
+
+quiet: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-q",
+    "--quiet",
+    dest="quiet",
+    action="count",
+    default=0,
+    help=(
+        "Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3"
+        " times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging"
+        " levels)."
+    ),
+)
+
+progress_bar: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--progress-bar",
+    dest="progress_bar",
+    type="choice",
+    choices=["on", "off"],
+    default="on",
+    help="Specify whether the progress bar should be used [on, off] (default: on)",
+)
+
+log: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--log",
+    "--log-file",
+    "--local-log",
+    dest="log",
+    metavar="path",
+    type="path",
+    help="Path to a verbose appending log.",
+)
+
+no_input: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    # Don't ask for input
+    "--no-input",
+    dest="no_input",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Disable prompting for input.",
+)
+
+keyring_provider: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--keyring-provider",
+    dest="keyring_provider",
+    choices=["auto", "disabled", "import", "subprocess"],
+    default="auto",
+    help=(
+        "Enable the credential lookup via the keyring library if user input is allowed."
+        " Specify which mechanism to use [disabled, import, subprocess]."
+        " (default: disabled)"
+    ),
+)
+
+proxy: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--proxy",
+    dest="proxy",
+    type="str",
+    default="",
+    help="Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.",
+)
+
+retries: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--retries",
+    dest="retries",
+    type="int",
+    default=5,
+    help="Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt "
+    "(default %default times).",
+)
+
+timeout: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--timeout",
+    "--default-timeout",
+    metavar="sec",
+    dest="timeout",
+    type="float",
+    default=15,
+    help="Set the socket timeout (default %default seconds).",
+)
+
+
+def exists_action() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        # Option when path already exist
+        "--exists-action",
+        dest="exists_action",
+        type="choice",
+        choices=["s", "i", "w", "b", "a"],
+        default=[],
+        action="append",
+        metavar="action",
+        help="Default action when a path already exists: "
+        "(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.",
+    )
+
+
+cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--cert",
+    dest="cert",
+    type="path",
+    metavar="path",
+    help=(
+        "Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. "
+        "If provided, overrides the default. "
+        "See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation "
+        "for more information."
+    ),
+)
+
+client_cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--client-cert",
+    dest="client_cert",
+    type="path",
+    default=None,
+    metavar="path",
+    help="Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the "
+    "private key and the certificate in PEM format.",
+)
+
+index_url: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-i",
+    "--index-url",
+    "--pypi-url",
+    dest="index_url",
+    metavar="URL",
+    default=PyPI.simple_url,
+    help="Base URL of the Python Package Index (default %default). "
+    "This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 "
+    "(the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out "
+    "in the same format.",
+)
+
+
+def extra_index_url() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--extra-index-url",
+        dest="extra_index_urls",
+        metavar="URL",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        help="Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to "
+        "--index-url. Should follow the same rules as "
+        "--index-url.",
+    )
+
+
+no_index: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-index",
+    dest="no_index",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).",
+)
+
+
+def find_links() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-f",
+        "--find-links",
+        dest="find_links",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="url",
+        help="If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to "
+        "archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. "
+        "If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, "
+        "then look for archives in the directory listing. "
+        "Links to VCS project URLs are not supported.",
+    )
+
+
+def trusted_host() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--trusted-host",
+        dest="trusted_hosts",
+        action="append",
+        metavar="HOSTNAME",
+        default=[],
+        help="Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it "
+        "does not have valid or any HTTPS.",
+    )
+
+
+def constraints() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-c",
+        "--constraint",
+        dest="constraints",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Constrain versions using the given constraints file. "
+        "This option can be used multiple times.",
+    )
+
+
+def requirements() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-r",
+        "--requirement",
+        dest="requirements",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="file",
+        help="Install from the given requirements file. "
+        "This option can be used multiple times.",
+    )
+
+
+def editable() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "-e",
+        "--editable",
+        dest="editables",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="path/url",
+        help=(
+            "Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "
+            '"develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.'
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_src(option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser) -> None:
+    value = os.path.abspath(value)
+    setattr(parser.values, option.dest, value)
+
+
+src: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--src",
+    "--source",
+    "--source-dir",
+    "--source-directory",
+    dest="src_dir",
+    type="path",
+    metavar="dir",
+    default=get_src_prefix(),
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_src,
+    help="Directory to check out editable projects into. "
+    'The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". '
+    'The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".',
+)
+
+
+def _get_format_control(values: Values, option: Option) -> Any:
+    """Get a format_control object."""
+    return getattr(values, option.dest)
+
+
+def _handle_no_binary(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
+    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.no_binary,
+        existing.only_binary,
+    )
+
+
+def _handle_only_binary(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
+    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
+        value,
+        existing.only_binary,
+        existing.no_binary,
+    )
+
+
+def no_binary() -> Option:
+    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--no-binary",
+        dest="format_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_no_binary,
+        type="str",
+        default=format_control,
+        help="Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
+        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
+        'disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice '
+        "the colons), or one or more package names with commas between "
+        "them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile "
+        "and may fail to install when this option is used on them.",
+    )
+
+
+def only_binary() -> Option:
+    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
+    return Option(
+        "--only-binary",
+        dest="format_control",
+        action="callback",
+        callback=_handle_only_binary,
+        type="str",
+        default=format_control,
+        help="Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
+        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
+        'disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one '
+        "or more package names with commas between them. Packages "
+        "without binary distributions will fail to install when this "
+        "option is used on them.",
+    )
+
+
+platforms: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--platform",
+    dest="platforms",
+    metavar="platform",
+    action="append",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the "
+        "platform of the running system. Use this option multiple times to "
+        "specify multiple platforms supported by the target interpreter."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+# This was made a separate function for unit-testing purposes.
+def _convert_python_version(value: str) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, ...], Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Convert a version string like "3", "37", or "3.7.3" into a tuple of ints.
+
+    :return: A 2-tuple (version_info, error_msg), where `error_msg` is
+        non-None if and only if there was a parsing error.
+    """
+    if not value:
+        # The empty string is the same as not providing a value.
+        return (None, None)
+
+    parts = value.split(".")
+    if len(parts) > 3:
+        return ((), "at most three version parts are allowed")
+
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        # Then we are in the case of "3" or "37".
+        value = parts[0]
+        if len(value) > 1:
+            parts = [value[0], value[1:]]
+
+    try:
+        version_info = tuple(int(part) for part in parts)
+    except ValueError:
+        return ((), "each version part must be an integer")
+
+    return (version_info, None)
+
+
+def _handle_python_version(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Handle a provided --python-version value.
+    """
+    version_info, error_msg = _convert_python_version(value)
+    if error_msg is not None:
+        msg = f"invalid --python-version value: {value!r}: {error_msg}"
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    parser.values.python_version = version_info
+
+
+python_version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--python-version",
+    dest="python_version",
+    metavar="python_version",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_python_version,
+    type="str",
+    default=None,
+    help=dedent(
+        """\
+    The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python"
+    compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running
+    interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated
+    integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor
+    version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
+    """
+    ),
+)
+
+
+implementation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--implementation",
+    dest="implementation",
+    metavar="implementation",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with Python "
+        "implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp', "
+        " or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current "
+        "interpreter implementation is used.  Use 'py' to force "
+        "implementation-agnostic wheels."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+abis: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--abi",
+    dest="abis",
+    metavar="abi",
+    action="append",
+    default=None,
+    help=(
+        "Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. "
+        "If not specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. "
+        "Use this option multiple times to specify multiple abis supported "
+        "by the target interpreter. Generally you will need to specify "
+        "--implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this "
+        "option."
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def add_target_python_options(cmd_opts: OptionGroup) -> None:
+    cmd_opts.add_option(platforms())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(python_version())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(implementation())
+    cmd_opts.add_option(abis())
+
+
+def make_target_python(options: Values) -> TargetPython:
+    target_python = TargetPython(
+        platforms=options.platforms,
+        py_version_info=options.python_version,
+        abis=options.abis,
+        implementation=options.implementation,
+    )
+
+    return target_python
+
+
+def prefer_binary() -> Option:
+    return Option(
+        "--prefer-binary",
+        dest="prefer_binary",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help=(
+            "Prefer binary packages over source packages, even if the "
+            "source packages are newer."
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+cache_dir: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--cache-dir",
+    dest="cache_dir",
+    default=USER_CACHE_DIR,
+    metavar="dir",
+    type="path",
+    help="Store the cache data in <dir>.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_no_cache_dir(
+    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process a value provided for the --no-cache-dir option.
+
+    This is an optparse.Option callback for the --no-cache-dir option.
+    """
+    # The value argument will be None if --no-cache-dir is passed via the
+    # command-line, since the option doesn't accept arguments.  However,
+    # the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g. by an
+    # environment variable, like PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=true.
+    if value is not None:
+        # Then parse the string value to get argument error-checking.
+        try:
+            strtobool(value)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=str(exc))
+
+    # Originally, setting PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR to a value that strtobool()
+    # converted to 0 (like "false" or "no") caused cache_dir to be disabled
+    # rather than enabled (logic would say the latter).  Thus, we disable
+    # the cache directory not just on values that parse to True, but (for
+    # backwards compatibility reasons) also on values that parse to False.
+    # In other words, always set it to False if the option is provided in
+    # some (valid) form.
+    parser.values.cache_dir = False
+
+
+no_cache: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-cache-dir",
+    dest="cache_dir",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_no_cache_dir,
+    help="Disable the cache.",
+)
+
+no_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-deps",
+    "--no-dependencies",
+    dest="ignore_dependencies",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't install package dependencies.",
+)
+
+ignore_requires_python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--ignore-requires-python",
+    dest="ignore_requires_python",
+    action="store_true",
+    help="Ignore the Requires-Python information.",
+)
+
+no_build_isolation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-build-isolation",
+    dest="build_isolation",
+    action="store_false",
+    default=True,
+    help="Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. "
+    "Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed "
+    "if this option is used.",
+)
+
+check_build_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--check-build-dependencies",
+    dest="check_build_deps",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Check the build dependencies when PEP517 is used.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_no_use_pep517(
+    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Process a value provided for the --no-use-pep517 option.
+
+    This is an optparse.Option callback for the no_use_pep517 option.
+    """
+    # Since --no-use-pep517 doesn't accept arguments, the value argument
+    # will be None if --no-use-pep517 is passed via the command-line.
+    # However, the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g.
+    # by an environment variable, for example "PIP_NO_USE_PEP517=true".
+    if value is not None:
+        msg = """A value was passed for --no-use-pep517,
+        probably using either the PIP_NO_USE_PEP517 environment variable
+        or the "no-use-pep517" config file option. Use an appropriate value
+        of the PIP_USE_PEP517 environment variable or the "use-pep517"
+        config file option instead.
+        """
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    # If user doesn't wish to use pep517, we check if setuptools and wheel are installed
+    # and raise error if it is not.
+    packages = ("setuptools", "wheel")
+    if not all(importlib.util.find_spec(package) for package in packages):
+        msg = (
+            f"It is not possible to use --no-use-pep517 "
+            f"without {' and '.join(packages)} installed."
+        )
+        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)
+
+    # Otherwise, --no-use-pep517 was passed via the command-line.
+    parser.values.use_pep517 = False
+
+
+use_pep517: Any = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-pep517",
+    dest="use_pep517",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=None,
+    help="Use PEP 517 for building source distributions "
+    "(use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour).",
+)
+
+no_use_pep517: Any = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-use-pep517",
+    dest="use_pep517",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_no_use_pep517,
+    default=None,
+    help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+)
+
+
+def _handle_config_settings(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    key, sep, val = value.partition("=")
+    if sep != "=":
+        parser.error(f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be of the form KEY=VAL")
+    dest = getattr(parser.values, option.dest)
+    if dest is None:
+        dest = {}
+        setattr(parser.values, option.dest, dest)
+    if key in dest:
+        if isinstance(dest[key], list):
+            dest[key].append(val)
+        else:
+            dest[key] = [dest[key], val]
+    else:
+        dest[key] = val
+
+
+config_settings: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "-C",
+    "--config-settings",
+    dest="config_settings",
+    type=str,
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_config_settings,
+    metavar="settings",
+    help="Configuration settings to be passed to the PEP 517 build backend. "
+    "Settings take the form KEY=VALUE. Use multiple --config-settings options "
+    "to pass multiple keys to the backend.",
+)
+
+build_options: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--build-option",
+    dest="build_options",
+    metavar="options",
+    action="append",
+    help="Extra arguments to be supplied to 'setup.py bdist_wheel'.",
+)
+
+global_options: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--global-option",
+    dest="global_options",
+    action="append",
+    metavar="options",
+    help="Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py "
+    "call before the install or bdist_wheel command.",
+)
+
+no_clean: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-clean",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Don't clean up build directories.",
+)
+
+pre: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--pre",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+    "pip only finds stable versions.",
+)
+
+disable_pip_version_check: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--disable-pip-version-check",
+    dest="disable_pip_version_check",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=True,
+    help="Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version "
+    "of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.",
+)
+
+root_user_action: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--root-user-action",
+    dest="root_user_action",
+    default="warn",
+    choices=["warn", "ignore"],
+    help="Action if pip is run as a root user. By default, a warning message is shown.",
+)
+
+
+def _handle_merge_hash(
+    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
+) -> None:
+    """Given a value spelled "algo:digest", append the digest to a list
+    pointed to in a dict by the algo name."""
+    if not parser.values.hashes:
+        parser.values.hashes = {}
+    try:
+        algo, digest = value.split(":", 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        parser.error(
+            f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be a hash name "
+            "followed by a value, like --hash=sha256:"
+            "abcde..."
+        )
+    if algo not in STRONG_HASHES:
+        parser.error(
+            "Allowed hash algorithms for {} are {}.".format(
+                opt_str, ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
+            )
+        )
+    parser.values.hashes.setdefault(algo, []).append(digest)
+
+
+hash: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--hash",
+    # Hash values eventually end up in InstallRequirement.hashes due to
+    # __dict__ copying in process_line().
+    dest="hashes",
+    action="callback",
+    callback=_handle_merge_hash,
+    type="string",
+    help="Verify that the package's archive matches this "
+    "hash before installing. Example: --hash=sha256:abcdef...",
+)
+
+
+require_hashes: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--require-hashes",
+    dest="require_hashes",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Require a hash to check each requirement against, for "
+    "repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a "
+    "requirements file has a --hash option.",
+)
+
+
+list_path: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--path",
+    dest="path",
+    type="path",
+    action="append",
+    help="Restrict to the specified installation path for listing "
+    "packages (can be used multiple times).",
+)
+
+
+def check_list_path_option(options: Values) -> None:
+    if options.path and (options.user or options.local):
+        raise CommandError("Cannot combine '--path' with '--user' or '--local'")
+
+
+list_exclude: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    PipOption,
+    "--exclude",
+    dest="excludes",
+    action="append",
+    metavar="package",
+    type="package_name",
+    help="Exclude specified package from the output",
+)
+
+
+no_python_version_warning: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--no-python-version-warning",
+    dest="no_python_version_warning",
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help="Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.",
+)
+
+
+# Features that are now always on. A warning is printed if they are used.
+ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES = [
+    "no-binary-enable-wheel-cache",  # always on since 23.1
+]
+
+use_new_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-feature",
+    dest="features_enabled",
+    metavar="feature",
+    action="append",
+    default=[],
+    choices=[
+        "fast-deps",
+        "truststore",
+    ]
+    + ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES,
+    help="Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.",
+)
+
+use_deprecated_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
+    Option,
+    "--use-deprecated",
+    dest="deprecated_features_enabled",
+    metavar="feature",
+    action="append",
+    default=[],
+    choices=[
+        "legacy-resolver",
+    ],
+    help=("Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future."),
+)
+
+
+##########
+# groups #
+##########
+
+general_group: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "name": "General Options",
+    "options": [
+        help_,
+        debug_mode,
+        isolated_mode,
+        require_virtualenv,
+        python,
+        verbose,
+        version,
+        quiet,
+        log,
+        no_input,
+        keyring_provider,
+        proxy,
+        retries,
+        timeout,
+        exists_action,
+        trusted_host,
+        cert,
+        client_cert,
+        cache_dir,
+        no_cache,
+        disable_pip_version_check,
+        no_color,
+        no_python_version_warning,
+        use_new_feature,
+        use_deprecated_feature,
+    ],
+}
+
+index_group: Dict[str, Any] = {
+    "name": "Package Index Options",
+    "options": [
+        index_url,
+        extra_index_url,
+        no_index,
+        find_links,
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139995a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/command_context.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from typing import ContextManager, Generator, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", covariant=True)
+
+
+class CommandContextMixIn:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._in_main_context = False
+        self._main_context = ExitStack()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def main_context(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        assert not self._in_main_context
+
+        self._in_main_context = True
+        try:
+            with self._main_context:
+                yield
+        finally:
+            self._in_main_context = False
+
+    def enter_context(self, context_provider: ContextManager[_T]) -> _T:
+        assert self._in_main_context
+
+        return self._main_context.enter_context(context_provider)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e061f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+"""Primary application entrypoint.
+"""
+import locale
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
+from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import parse_command
+from pip._internal.commands import create_command
+from pip._internal.exceptions import PipError
+from pip._internal.utils import deprecation
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Do not import and use main() directly! Using it directly is actively
+# discouraged by pip's maintainers. The name, location and behavior of
+# this function is subject to change, so calling it directly is not
+# portable across different pip versions.
+
+# In addition, running pip in-process is unsupported and unsafe. This is
+# elaborated in detail at
+# https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#using-pip-from-your-program.
+# That document also provides suggestions that should work for nearly
+# all users that are considering importing and using main() directly.
+
+# However, we know that certain users will still want to invoke pip
+# in-process. If you understand and accept the implications of using pip
+# in an unsupported manner, the best approach is to use runpy to avoid
+# depending on the exact location of this entry point.
+
+# The following example shows how to use runpy to invoke pip in that
+# case:
+#
+#     sys.argv = ["pip", your, args, here]
+#     runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__")
+#
+# Note that this will exit the process after running, unlike a direct
+# call to main. As it is not safe to do any processing after calling
+# main, this should not be an issue in practice.
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    if args is None:
+        args = sys.argv[1:]
+
+    # Suppress the pkg_resources deprecation warning
+    # Note - we use a module of .*pkg_resources to cover
+    # the normal case (pip._vendor.pkg_resources) and the
+    # devendored case (a bare pkg_resources)
+    warnings.filterwarnings(
+        action="ignore", category=DeprecationWarning, module=".*pkg_resources"
+    )
+
+    # Configure our deprecation warnings to be sent through loggers
+    deprecation.install_warning_logger()
+
+    autocomplete()
+
+    try:
+        cmd_name, cmd_args = parse_command(args)
+    except PipError as exc:
+        sys.stderr.write(f"ERROR: {exc}")
+        sys.stderr.write(os.linesep)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Needed for locale.getpreferredencoding(False) to work
+    # in pip._internal.utils.encoding.auto_decode
+    try:
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, "")
+    except locale.Error as e:
+        # setlocale can apparently crash if locale are uninitialized
+        logger.debug("Ignoring error %s when setting locale", e)
+    command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
+
+    return command.main(cmd_args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ade356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""A single place for constructing and exposing the main parser
+"""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import get_runnable_pip
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser, UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter
+from pip._internal.commands import commands_dict, get_similar_commands
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version, get_prog
+
+__all__ = ["create_main_parser", "parse_command"]
+
+
+def create_main_parser() -> ConfigOptionParser:
+    """Creates and returns the main parser for pip's CLI"""
+
+    parser = ConfigOptionParser(
+        usage="\n%prog <command> [options]",
+        add_help_option=False,
+        formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(),
+        name="global",
+        prog=get_prog(),
+    )
+    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
+
+    parser.version = get_pip_version()
+
+    # add the general options
+    gen_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.general_group, parser)
+    parser.add_option_group(gen_opts)
+
+    # so the help formatter knows
+    parser.main = True  # type: ignore
+
+    # create command listing for description
+    description = [""] + [
+        f"{name:27} {command_info.summary}"
+        for name, command_info in commands_dict.items()
+    ]
+    parser.description = "\n".join(description)
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def identify_python_interpreter(python: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    # If the named file exists, use it.
+    # If it's a directory, assume it's a virtual environment and
+    # look for the environment's Python executable.
+    if os.path.exists(python):
+        if os.path.isdir(python):
+            # bin/python for Unix, Scripts/python.exe for Windows
+            # Try both in case of odd cases like cygwin.
+            for exe in ("bin/python", "Scripts/python.exe"):
+                py = os.path.join(python, exe)
+                if os.path.exists(py):
+                    return py
+        else:
+            return python
+
+    # Could not find the interpreter specified
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_command(args: List[str]) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
+    parser = create_main_parser()
+
+    # Note: parser calls disable_interspersed_args(), so the result of this
+    # call is to split the initial args into the general options before the
+    # subcommand and everything else.
+    # For example:
+    #  args: ['--timeout=5', 'install', '--user', 'INITools']
+    #  general_options: ['--timeout==5']
+    #  args_else: ['install', '--user', 'INITools']
+    general_options, args_else = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    # --python
+    if general_options.python and "_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS" not in os.environ:
+        # Re-invoke pip using the specified Python interpreter
+        interpreter = identify_python_interpreter(general_options.python)
+        if interpreter is None:
+            raise CommandError(
+                f"Could not locate Python interpreter {general_options.python}"
+            )
+
+        pip_cmd = [
+            interpreter,
+            get_runnable_pip(),
+        ]
+        pip_cmd.extend(args)
+
+        # Set a flag so the child doesn't re-invoke itself, causing
+        # an infinite loop.
+        os.environ["_PIP_RUNNING_IN_SUBPROCESS"] = "1"
+        returncode = 0
+        try:
+            proc = subprocess.run(pip_cmd)
+            returncode = proc.returncode
+        except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError) as exc:
+            raise CommandError(f"Failed to run pip under {interpreter}: {exc}")
+        sys.exit(returncode)
+
+    # --version
+    if general_options.version:
+        sys.stdout.write(parser.version)
+        sys.stdout.write(os.linesep)
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # pip || pip help -> print_help()
+    if not args_else or (args_else[0] == "help" and len(args_else) == 1):
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # the subcommand name
+    cmd_name = args_else[0]
+
+    if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
+        guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
+
+        msg = [f'unknown command "{cmd_name}"']
+        if guess:
+            msg.append(f'maybe you meant "{guess}"')
+
+        raise CommandError(" - ".join(msg))
+
+    # all the args without the subcommand
+    cmd_args = args[:]
+    cmd_args.remove(cmd_name)
+
+    return cmd_name, cmd_args
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae554b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+"""Base option parser setup"""
+
+import logging
+import optparse
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import UNKNOWN_ERROR
+from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import redact_auth_from_url, strtobool
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PrettyHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
+    """A prettier/less verbose help formatter for optparse."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        # help position must be aligned with __init__.parseopts.description
+        kwargs["max_help_position"] = 30
+        kwargs["indent_increment"] = 1
+        kwargs["width"] = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0] - 2
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def format_option_strings(self, option: optparse.Option) -> str:
+        return self._format_option_strings(option)
+
+    def _format_option_strings(
+        self, option: optparse.Option, mvarfmt: str = " <{}>", optsep: str = ", "
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a comma-separated list of option strings and metavars.
+
+        :param option:  tuple of (short opt, long opt), e.g: ('-f', '--format')
+        :param mvarfmt: metavar format string
+        :param optsep:  separator
+        """
+        opts = []
+
+        if option._short_opts:
+            opts.append(option._short_opts[0])
+        if option._long_opts:
+            opts.append(option._long_opts[0])
+        if len(opts) > 1:
+            opts.insert(1, optsep)
+
+        if option.takes_value():
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            metavar = option.metavar or option.dest.lower()
+            opts.append(mvarfmt.format(metavar.lower()))
+
+        return "".join(opts)
+
+    def format_heading(self, heading: str) -> str:
+        if heading == "Options":
+            return ""
+        return heading + ":\n"
+
+    def format_usage(self, usage: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Ensure there is only one newline between usage and the first heading
+        if there is no description.
+        """
+        msg = "\nUsage: {}\n".format(self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(usage), "  "))
+        return msg
+
+    def format_description(self, description: str) -> str:
+        # leave full control over description to us
+        if description:
+            if hasattr(self.parser, "main"):
+                label = "Commands"
+            else:
+                label = "Description"
+            # some doc strings have initial newlines, some don't
+            description = description.lstrip("\n")
+            # some doc strings have final newlines and spaces, some don't
+            description = description.rstrip()
+            # dedent, then reindent
+            description = self.indent_lines(textwrap.dedent(description), "  ")
+            description = f"{label}:\n{description}\n"
+            return description
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def format_epilog(self, epilog: str) -> str:
+        # leave full control over epilog to us
+        if epilog:
+            return epilog
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+    def indent_lines(self, text: str, indent: str) -> str:
+        new_lines = [indent + line for line in text.split("\n")]
+        return "\n".join(new_lines)
+
+
+class UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(PrettyHelpFormatter):
+    """Custom help formatter for use in ConfigOptionParser.
+
+    This is updates the defaults before expanding them, allowing
+    them to show up correctly in the help listing.
+
+    Also redact auth from url type options
+    """
+
+    def expand_default(self, option: optparse.Option) -> str:
+        default_values = None
+        if self.parser is not None:
+            assert isinstance(self.parser, ConfigOptionParser)
+            self.parser._update_defaults(self.parser.defaults)
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            default_values = self.parser.defaults.get(option.dest)
+        help_text = super().expand_default(option)
+
+        if default_values and option.metavar == "URL":
+            if isinstance(default_values, str):
+                default_values = [default_values]
+
+            # If its not a list, we should abort and just return the help text
+            if not isinstance(default_values, list):
+                default_values = []
+
+            for val in default_values:
+                help_text = help_text.replace(val, redact_auth_from_url(val))
+
+        return help_text
+
+
+class CustomOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
+    def insert_option_group(
+        self, idx: int, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> optparse.OptionGroup:
+        """Insert an OptionGroup at a given position."""
+        group = self.add_option_group(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.option_groups.pop()
+        self.option_groups.insert(idx, group)
+
+        return group
+
+    @property
+    def option_list_all(self) -> List[optparse.Option]:
+        """Get a list of all options, including those in option groups."""
+        res = self.option_list[:]
+        for i in self.option_groups:
+            res.extend(i.option_list)
+
+        return res
+
+
+class ConfigOptionParser(CustomOptionParser):
+    """Custom option parser which updates its defaults by checking the
+    configuration files and environmental variables"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        name: str,
+        isolated: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.config = Configuration(isolated)
+
+        assert self.name
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def check_default(self, option: optparse.Option, key: str, val: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return option.check_value(key, val)
+        except optparse.OptionValueError as exc:
+            print(f"An error occurred during configuration: {exc}")
+            sys.exit(3)
+
+    def _get_ordered_configuration_items(
+        self,
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[str, Any], None, None]:
+        # Configuration gives keys in an unordered manner. Order them.
+        override_order = ["global", self.name, ":env:"]
+
+        # Pool the options into different groups
+        section_items: Dict[str, List[Tuple[str, Any]]] = {
+            name: [] for name in override_order
+        }
+        for section_key, val in self.config.items():
+            # ignore empty values
+            if not val:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Ignoring configuration key '%s' as it's value is empty.",
+                    section_key,
+                )
+                continue
+
+            section, key = section_key.split(".", 1)
+            if section in override_order:
+                section_items[section].append((key, val))
+
+        # Yield each group in their override order
+        for section in override_order:
+            for key, val in section_items[section]:
+                yield key, val
+
+    def _update_defaults(self, defaults: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Updates the given defaults with values from the config files and
+        the environ. Does a little special handling for certain types of
+        options (lists)."""
+
+        # Accumulate complex default state.
+        self.values = optparse.Values(self.defaults)
+        late_eval = set()
+        # Then set the options with those values
+        for key, val in self._get_ordered_configuration_items():
+            # '--' because configuration supports only long names
+            option = self.get_option("--" + key)
+
+            # Ignore options not present in this parser. E.g. non-globals put
+            # in [global] by users that want them to apply to all applicable
+            # commands.
+            if option is None:
+                continue
+
+            assert option.dest is not None
+
+            if option.action in ("store_true", "store_false"):
+                try:
+                    val = strtobool(val)
+                except ValueError:
+                    self.error(
+                        f"{val} is not a valid value for {key} option, "
+                        "please specify a boolean value like yes/no, "
+                        "true/false or 1/0 instead."
+                    )
+            elif option.action == "count":
+                with suppress(ValueError):
+                    val = strtobool(val)
+                with suppress(ValueError):
+                    val = int(val)
+                if not isinstance(val, int) or val < 0:
+                    self.error(
+                        f"{val} is not a valid value for {key} option, "
+                        "please instead specify either a non-negative integer "
+                        "or a boolean value like yes/no or false/true "
+                        "which is equivalent to 1/0."
+                    )
+            elif option.action == "append":
+                val = val.split()
+                val = [self.check_default(option, key, v) for v in val]
+            elif option.action == "callback":
+                assert option.callback is not None
+                late_eval.add(option.dest)
+                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
+                val = option.convert_value(opt_str, val)
+                # From take_action
+                args = option.callback_args or ()
+                kwargs = option.callback_kwargs or {}
+                option.callback(option, opt_str, val, self, *args, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                val = self.check_default(option, key, val)
+
+            defaults[option.dest] = val
+
+        for key in late_eval:
+            defaults[key] = getattr(self.values, key)
+        self.values = None
+        return defaults
+
+    def get_default_values(self) -> optparse.Values:
+        """Overriding to make updating the defaults after instantiation of
+        the option parser possible, _update_defaults() does the dirty work."""
+        if not self.process_default_values:
+            # Old, pre-Optik 1.5 behaviour.
+            return optparse.Values(self.defaults)
+
+        # Load the configuration, or error out in case of an error
+        try:
+            self.config.load()
+        except ConfigurationError as err:
+            self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, str(err))
+
+        defaults = self._update_defaults(self.defaults.copy())  # ours
+        for option in self._get_all_options():
+            assert option.dest is not None
+            default = defaults.get(option.dest)
+            if isinstance(default, str):
+                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
+                defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
+        return optparse.Values(defaults)
+
+    def error(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+        self.exit(UNKNOWN_ERROR, f"{msg}\n")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ad1403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import functools
+from typing import Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.progress import (
+    BarColumn,
+    DownloadColumn,
+    FileSizeColumn,
+    Progress,
+    ProgressColumn,
+    SpinnerColumn,
+    TextColumn,
+    TimeElapsedColumn,
+    TimeRemainingColumn,
+    TransferSpeedColumn,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
+
+DownloadProgressRenderer = Callable[[Iterable[bytes]], Iterator[bytes]]
+
+
+def _rich_progress_bar(
+    iterable: Iterable[bytes],
+    *,
+    bar_type: str,
+    size: int,
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    assert bar_type == "on", "This should only be used in the default mode."
+
+    if not size:
+        total = float("inf")
+        columns: Tuple[ProgressColumn, ...] = (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            SpinnerColumn("line", speed=1.5),
+            FileSizeColumn(),
+            TransferSpeedColumn(),
+            TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        )
+    else:
+        total = size
+        columns = (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            BarColumn(),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TransferSpeedColumn(),
+            TextColumn("eta"),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+
+    progress = Progress(*columns, refresh_per_second=30)
+    task_id = progress.add_task(" " * (get_indentation() + 2), total=total)
+    with progress:
+        for chunk in iterable:
+            yield chunk
+            progress.update(task_id, advance=len(chunk))
+
+
+def get_download_progress_renderer(
+    *, bar_type: str, size: Optional[int] = None
+) -> DownloadProgressRenderer:
+    """Get an object that can be used to render the download progress.
+
+    Returns a callable, that takes an iterable to "wrap".
+    """
+    if bar_type == "on":
+        return functools.partial(_rich_progress_bar, bar_type=bar_type, size=size)
+    else:
+        return iter  # no-op, when passed an iterator
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2f79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+"""Contains the Command base classes that depend on PipSession.
+
+The classes in this module are in a separate module so the commands not
+needing download / PackageFinder capability don't unnecessarily import the
+PackageFinder machinery and all its vendored dependencies, etc.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.command_context import CommandContextMixIn
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, PreviousBuildDirError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import BuildTracker
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+    install_req_from_parsed_requirement,
+    install_req_from_req_string,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import parse_requirements
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver
+from pip._internal.self_outdated_check import pip_self_version_check
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import (
+    TempDirectory,
+    TempDirectoryTypeRegistry,
+    tempdir_kinds,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _create_truststore_ssl_context() -> Optional["SSLContext"]:
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        raise CommandError("The truststore feature is only available for Python 3.10+")
+
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning("Disabling truststore since ssl support is missing")
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        from pip._vendor import truststore
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise CommandError(f"The truststore feature is unavailable: {e}")
+
+    return truststore.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+
+
+class SessionCommandMixin(CommandContextMixIn):
+
+    """
+    A class mixin for command classes needing _build_session().
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._session: Optional[PipSession] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_index_urls(cls, options: Values) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+        """Return a list of index urls from user-provided options."""
+        index_urls = []
+        if not getattr(options, "no_index", False):
+            url = getattr(options, "index_url", None)
+            if url:
+                index_urls.append(url)
+        urls = getattr(options, "extra_index_urls", None)
+        if urls:
+            index_urls.extend(urls)
+        # Return None rather than an empty list
+        return index_urls or None
+
+    def get_default_session(self, options: Values) -> PipSession:
+        """Get a default-managed session."""
+        if self._session is None:
+            self._session = self.enter_context(self._build_session(options))
+            # there's no type annotation on requests.Session, so it's
+            # automatically ContextManager[Any] and self._session becomes Any,
+            # then https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7696 kicks in
+            assert self._session is not None
+        return self._session
+
+    def _build_session(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        retries: Optional[int] = None,
+        timeout: Optional[int] = None,
+        fallback_to_certifi: bool = False,
+    ) -> PipSession:
+        cache_dir = options.cache_dir
+        assert not cache_dir or os.path.isabs(cache_dir)
+
+        if "truststore" in options.features_enabled:
+            try:
+                ssl_context = _create_truststore_ssl_context()
+            except Exception:
+                if not fallback_to_certifi:
+                    raise
+                ssl_context = None
+        else:
+            ssl_context = None
+
+        session = PipSession(
+            cache=os.path.join(cache_dir, "http-v2") if cache_dir else None,
+            retries=retries if retries is not None else options.retries,
+            trusted_hosts=options.trusted_hosts,
+            index_urls=self._get_index_urls(options),
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+        )
+
+        # Handle custom ca-bundles from the user
+        if options.cert:
+            session.verify = options.cert
+
+        # Handle SSL client certificate
+        if options.client_cert:
+            session.cert = options.client_cert
+
+        # Handle timeouts
+        if options.timeout or timeout:
+            session.timeout = timeout if timeout is not None else options.timeout
+
+        # Handle configured proxies
+        if options.proxy:
+            session.proxies = {
+                "http": options.proxy,
+                "https": options.proxy,
+            }
+
+        # Determine if we can prompt the user for authentication or not
+        session.auth.prompting = not options.no_input
+        session.auth.keyring_provider = options.keyring_provider
+
+        return session
+
+
+class IndexGroupCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+
+    """
+    Abstract base class for commands with the index_group options.
+
+    This also corresponds to the commands that permit the pip version check.
+    """
+
+    def handle_pip_version_check(self, options: Values) -> None:
+        """
+        Do the pip version check if not disabled.
+
+        This overrides the default behavior of not doing the check.
+        """
+        # Make sure the index_group options are present.
+        assert hasattr(options, "no_index")
+
+        if options.disable_pip_version_check or options.no_index:
+            return
+
+        # Otherwise, check if we're using the latest version of pip available.
+        session = self._build_session(
+            options,
+            retries=0,
+            timeout=min(5, options.timeout),
+            # This is set to ensure the function does not fail when truststore is
+            # specified in use-feature but cannot be loaded. This usually raises a
+            # CommandError and shows a nice user-facing error, but this function is not
+            # called in that try-except block.
+            fallback_to_certifi=True,
+        )
+        with session:
+            pip_self_version_check(session, options)
+
+
+KEEPABLE_TEMPDIR_TYPES = [
+    tempdir_kinds.BUILD_ENV,
+    tempdir_kinds.EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE,
+    tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD,
+]
+
+
+def warn_if_run_as_root() -> None:
+    """Output a warning for sudo users on Unix.
+
+    In a virtual environment, sudo pip still writes to virtualenv.
+    On Windows, users may run pip as Administrator without issues.
+    This warning only applies to Unix root users outside of virtualenv.
+    """
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        return
+    if not hasattr(os, "getuid"):
+        return
+    # On Windows, there are no "system managed" Python packages. Installing as
+    # Administrator via pip is the correct way of updating system environments.
+    #
+    # We choose sys.platform over utils.compat.WINDOWS here to enable Mypy platform
+    # checks: https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or sys.platform == "cygwin":
+        return
+
+    if os.getuid() != 0:
+        return
+
+    logger.warning(
+        "Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and "
+        "conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. "
+        "It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: "
+        "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv"
+    )
+
+
+def with_cleanup(func: Any) -> Any:
+    """Decorator for common logic related to managing temporary
+    directories.
+    """
+
+    def configure_tempdir_registry(registry: TempDirectoryTypeRegistry) -> None:
+        for t in KEEPABLE_TEMPDIR_TYPES:
+            registry.set_delete(t, False)
+
+    def wrapper(
+        self: RequirementCommand, options: Values, args: List[Any]
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        assert self.tempdir_registry is not None
+        if options.no_clean:
+            configure_tempdir_registry(self.tempdir_registry)
+
+        try:
+            return func(self, options, args)
+        except PreviousBuildDirError:
+            # This kind of conflict can occur when the user passes an explicit
+            # build directory with a pre-existing folder. In that case we do
+            # not want to accidentally remove it.
+            configure_tempdir_registry(self.tempdir_registry)
+            raise
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class RequirementCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kw: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_clean())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def determine_resolver_variant(options: Values) -> str:
+        """Determines which resolver should be used, based on the given options."""
+        if "legacy-resolver" in options.deprecated_features_enabled:
+            return "legacy"
+
+        return "resolvelib"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_requirement_preparer(
+        cls,
+        temp_build_dir: TempDirectory,
+        options: Values,
+        build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+        session: PipSession,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        verbosity: int = 0,
+    ) -> RequirementPreparer:
+        """
+        Create a RequirementPreparer instance for the given parameters.
+        """
+        temp_build_dir_path = temp_build_dir.path
+        assert temp_build_dir_path is not None
+        legacy_resolver = False
+
+        resolver_variant = cls.determine_resolver_variant(options)
+        if resolver_variant == "resolvelib":
+            lazy_wheel = "fast-deps" in options.features_enabled
+            if lazy_wheel:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "pip is using lazily downloaded wheels using HTTP "
+                    "range requests to obtain dependency information. "
+                    "This experimental feature is enabled through "
+                    "--use-feature=fast-deps and it is not ready for "
+                    "production."
+                )
+        else:
+            legacy_resolver = True
+            lazy_wheel = False
+            if "fast-deps" in options.features_enabled:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "fast-deps has no effect when used with the legacy resolver."
+                )
+
+        return RequirementPreparer(
+            build_dir=temp_build_dir_path,
+            src_dir=options.src_dir,
+            download_dir=download_dir,
+            build_isolation=options.build_isolation,
+            check_build_deps=options.check_build_deps,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            progress_bar=options.progress_bar,
+            finder=finder,
+            require_hashes=options.require_hashes,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            lazy_wheel=lazy_wheel,
+            verbosity=verbosity,
+            legacy_resolver=legacy_resolver,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_resolver(
+        cls,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        options: Values,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache] = None,
+        use_user_site: bool = False,
+        ignore_installed: bool = True,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+        force_reinstall: bool = False,
+        upgrade_strategy: str = "to-satisfy-only",
+        use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> BaseResolver:
+        """
+        Create a Resolver instance for the given parameters.
+        """
+        make_install_req = partial(
+            install_req_from_req_string,
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        )
+        resolver_variant = cls.determine_resolver_variant(options)
+        # The long import name and duplicated invocation is needed to convince
+        # Mypy into correctly typechecking. Otherwise it would complain the
+        # "Resolver" class being redefined.
+        if resolver_variant == "resolvelib":
+            import pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.resolver
+
+            return pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.resolver.Resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                make_install_req=make_install_req,
+                use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                ignore_dependencies=options.ignore_dependencies,
+                ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                py_version_info=py_version_info,
+            )
+        import pip._internal.resolution.legacy.resolver
+
+        return pip._internal.resolution.legacy.resolver.Resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            make_install_req=make_install_req,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            ignore_dependencies=options.ignore_dependencies,
+            ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+            force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+            upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+            py_version_info=py_version_info,
+        )
+
+    def get_requirements(
+        self,
+        args: List[str],
+        options: Values,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        session: PipSession,
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """
+        Parse command-line arguments into the corresponding requirements.
+        """
+        requirements: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for filename in options.constraints:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename,
+                constraint=True,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                session=session,
+            ):
+                req_to_add = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req,
+                    isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                    user_supplied=False,
+                )
+                requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        for req in args:
+            req_to_add = install_req_from_line(
+                req,
+                comes_from=None,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                user_supplied=True,
+                config_settings=getattr(options, "config_settings", None),
+            )
+            requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        for req in options.editables:
+            req_to_add = install_req_from_editable(
+                req,
+                user_supplied=True,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                config_settings=getattr(options, "config_settings", None),
+            )
+            requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        # NOTE: options.require_hashes may be set if --require-hashes is True
+        for filename in options.requirements:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename, finder=finder, options=options, session=session
+            ):
+                req_to_add = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req,
+                    isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+                    use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+                    user_supplied=True,
+                    config_settings=parsed_req.options.get("config_settings")
+                    if parsed_req.options
+                    else None,
+                )
+                requirements.append(req_to_add)
+
+        # If any requirement has hash options, enable hash checking.
+        if any(req.has_hash_options for req in requirements):
+            options.require_hashes = True
+
+        if not (args or options.editables or options.requirements):
+            opts = {"name": self.name}
+            if options.find_links:
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "You must give at least one requirement to {name} "
+                    '(maybe you meant "pip {name} {links}"?)'.format(
+                        **dict(opts, links=" ".join(options.find_links))
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "You must give at least one requirement to {name} "
+                    '(see "pip help {name}")'.format(**opts)
+                )
+
+        return requirements
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def trace_basic_info(finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        """
+        Trace basic information about the provided objects.
+        """
+        # Display where finder is looking for packages
+        search_scope = finder.search_scope
+        locations = search_scope.get_formatted_locations()
+        if locations:
+            logger.info(locations)
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        session: PipSession,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to this requirement command.
+
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            "Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=True,
+            format_control=options.format_control,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            prefer_binary=options.prefer_binary,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+            target_python=target_python,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf2b976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/spinners.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import contextlib
+import itertools
+import logging
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import IO, Generator, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import get_indentation
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SpinnerInterface:
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class InteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: str,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        spin_chars: str = "-\\|/",
+        # Empirically, 8 updates/second looks nice
+        min_update_interval_seconds: float = 0.125,
+    ):
+        self._message = message
+        if file is None:
+            file = sys.stdout
+        self._file = file
+        self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
+        self._finished = False
+
+        self._spin_cycle = itertools.cycle(spin_chars)
+
+        self._file.write(" " * get_indentation() + self._message + " ... ")
+        self._width = 0
+
+    def _write(self, status: str) -> None:
+        assert not self._finished
+        # Erase what we wrote before by backspacing to the beginning, writing
+        # spaces to overwrite the old text, and then backspacing again
+        backup = "\b" * self._width
+        self._file.write(backup + " " * self._width + backup)
+        # Now we have a blank slate to add our status
+        self._file.write(status)
+        self._width = len(status)
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._rate_limiter.reset()
+
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
+            return
+        self._write(next(self._spin_cycle))
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        self._write(final_status)
+        self._file.write("\n")
+        self._file.flush()
+        self._finished = True
+
+
+# Used for dumb terminals, non-interactive installs (no tty), etc.
+# We still print updates occasionally (once every 60 seconds by default) to
+# act as a keep-alive for systems like Travis-CI that take lack-of-output as
+# an indication that a task has frozen.
+class NonInteractiveSpinner(SpinnerInterface):
+    def __init__(self, message: str, min_update_interval_seconds: float = 60.0) -> None:
+        self._message = message
+        self._finished = False
+        self._rate_limiter = RateLimiter(min_update_interval_seconds)
+        self._update("started")
+
+    def _update(self, status: str) -> None:
+        assert not self._finished
+        self._rate_limiter.reset()
+        logger.info("%s: %s", self._message, status)
+
+    def spin(self) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        if not self._rate_limiter.ready():
+            return
+        self._update("still running...")
+
+    def finish(self, final_status: str) -> None:
+        if self._finished:
+            return
+        self._update(f"finished with status '{final_status}'")
+        self._finished = True
+
+
+class RateLimiter:
+    def __init__(self, min_update_interval_seconds: float) -> None:
+        self._min_update_interval_seconds = min_update_interval_seconds
+        self._last_update: float = 0
+
+    def ready(self) -> bool:
+        now = time.time()
+        delta = now - self._last_update
+        return delta >= self._min_update_interval_seconds
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_update = time.time()
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def open_spinner(message: str) -> Generator[SpinnerInterface, None, None]:
+    # Interactive spinner goes directly to sys.stdout rather than being routed
+    # through the logging system, but it acts like it has level INFO,
+    # i.e. it's only displayed if we're at level INFO or better.
+    # Non-interactive spinner goes through the logging system, so it is always
+    # in sync with logging configuration.
+    if sys.stdout.isatty() and logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.INFO:
+        spinner: SpinnerInterface = InteractiveSpinner(message)
+    else:
+        spinner = NonInteractiveSpinner(message)
+    try:
+        with hidden_cursor(sys.stdout):
+            yield spinner
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        spinner.finish("canceled")
+        raise
+    except Exception:
+        spinner.finish("error")
+        raise
+    else:
+        spinner.finish("done")
+
+
+HIDE_CURSOR = "\x1b[?25l"
+SHOW_CURSOR = "\x1b[?25h"
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def hidden_cursor(file: IO[str]) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    # The Windows terminal does not support the hide/show cursor ANSI codes,
+    # even via colorama. So don't even try.
+    if WINDOWS:
+        yield
+    # We don't want to clutter the output with control characters if we're
+    # writing to a file, or if the user is running with --quiet.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3418
+    elif not file.isatty() or logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
+        yield
+    else:
+        file.write(HIDE_CURSOR)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            file.write(SHOW_CURSOR)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e29502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SUCCESS = 0
+ERROR = 1
+UNKNOWN_ERROR = 2
+VIRTUALENV_NOT_FOUND = 3
+PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR = 4
+NO_MATCHES_FOUND = 23
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..858a410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+"""
+Package containing all pip commands
+"""
+
+import importlib
+from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+
+CommandInfo = namedtuple("CommandInfo", "module_path, class_name, summary")
+
+# This dictionary does a bunch of heavy lifting for help output:
+# - Enables avoiding additional (costly) imports for presenting `--help`.
+# - The ordering matters for help display.
+#
+# Even though the module path starts with the same "pip._internal.commands"
+# prefix, the full path makes testing easier (specifically when modifying
+# `commands_dict` in test setup / teardown).
+commands_dict: Dict[str, CommandInfo] = {
+    "install": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.install",
+        "InstallCommand",
+        "Install packages.",
+    ),
+    "download": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.download",
+        "DownloadCommand",
+        "Download packages.",
+    ),
+    "uninstall": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.uninstall",
+        "UninstallCommand",
+        "Uninstall packages.",
+    ),
+    "freeze": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.freeze",
+        "FreezeCommand",
+        "Output installed packages in requirements format.",
+    ),
+    "inspect": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.inspect",
+        "InspectCommand",
+        "Inspect the python environment.",
+    ),
+    "list": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.list",
+        "ListCommand",
+        "List installed packages.",
+    ),
+    "show": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.show",
+        "ShowCommand",
+        "Show information about installed packages.",
+    ),
+    "check": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.check",
+        "CheckCommand",
+        "Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.",
+    ),
+    "config": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.configuration",
+        "ConfigurationCommand",
+        "Manage local and global configuration.",
+    ),
+    "search": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.search",
+        "SearchCommand",
+        "Search PyPI for packages.",
+    ),
+    "cache": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.cache",
+        "CacheCommand",
+        "Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.",
+    ),
+    "index": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.index",
+        "IndexCommand",
+        "Inspect information available from package indexes.",
+    ),
+    "wheel": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.wheel",
+        "WheelCommand",
+        "Build wheels from your requirements.",
+    ),
+    "hash": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.hash",
+        "HashCommand",
+        "Compute hashes of package archives.",
+    ),
+    "completion": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.completion",
+        "CompletionCommand",
+        "A helper command used for command completion.",
+    ),
+    "debug": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.debug",
+        "DebugCommand",
+        "Show information useful for debugging.",
+    ),
+    "help": CommandInfo(
+        "pip._internal.commands.help",
+        "HelpCommand",
+        "Show help for commands.",
+    ),
+}
+
+
+def create_command(name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Command:
+    """
+    Create an instance of the Command class with the given name.
+    """
+    module_path, class_name, summary = commands_dict[name]
+    module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
+    command_class = getattr(module, class_name)
+    command = command_class(name=name, summary=summary, **kwargs)
+
+    return command
+
+
+def get_similar_commands(name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Command name auto-correct."""
+    from difflib import get_close_matches
+
+    name = name.lower()
+
+    close_commands = get_close_matches(name, commands_dict.keys())
+
+    if close_commands:
+        return close_commands[0]
+    else:
+        return None
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3283361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import os
+import textwrap
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, PipError
+from pip._internal.utils import filesystem
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CacheCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
+
+    Subcommands:
+
+    - dir: Show the cache directory.
+    - info: Show information about the cache.
+    - list: List filenames of packages stored in the cache.
+    - remove: Remove one or more package from the cache.
+    - purge: Remove all items from the cache.
+
+    ``<pattern>`` can be a glob expression or a package name.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog dir
+        %prog info
+        %prog list [<pattern>] [--format=[human, abspath]]
+        %prog remove <pattern>
+        %prog purge
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--format",
+            action="store",
+            dest="list_format",
+            default="human",
+            choices=("human", "abspath"),
+            help="Select the output format among: human (default) or abspath",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "dir": self.get_cache_dir,
+            "info": self.get_cache_info,
+            "list": self.list_cache_items,
+            "remove": self.remove_cache_items,
+            "purge": self.purge_cache,
+        }
+
+        if not options.cache_dir:
+            logger.error("pip cache commands can not function since cache is disabled.")
+            return ERROR
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def get_cache_dir(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        logger.info(options.cache_dir)
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        num_http_files = len(self._find_http_files(options))
+        num_packages = len(self._find_wheels(options, "*"))
+
+        http_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "http-v2")
+        old_http_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "http")
+        wheels_cache_location = self._cache_dir(options, "wheels")
+        http_cache_size = filesystem.format_size(
+            filesystem.directory_size(http_cache_location)
+            + filesystem.directory_size(old_http_cache_location)
+        )
+        wheels_cache_size = filesystem.format_directory_size(wheels_cache_location)
+
+        message = (
+            textwrap.dedent(
+                """
+                    Package index page cache location (pip v23.3+): {http_cache_location}
+                    Package index page cache location (older pips): {old_http_cache_location}
+                    Package index page cache size: {http_cache_size}
+                    Number of HTTP files: {num_http_files}
+                    Locally built wheels location: {wheels_cache_location}
+                    Locally built wheels size: {wheels_cache_size}
+                    Number of locally built wheels: {package_count}
+                """  # noqa: E501
+            )
+            .format(
+                http_cache_location=http_cache_location,
+                old_http_cache_location=old_http_cache_location,
+                http_cache_size=http_cache_size,
+                num_http_files=num_http_files,
+                wheels_cache_location=wheels_cache_location,
+                package_count=num_packages,
+                wheels_cache_size=wheels_cache_size,
+            )
+            .strip()
+        )
+
+        logger.info(message)
+
+    def list_cache_items(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        if args:
+            pattern = args[0]
+        else:
+            pattern = "*"
+
+        files = self._find_wheels(options, pattern)
+        if options.list_format == "human":
+            self.format_for_human(files)
+        else:
+            self.format_for_abspath(files)
+
+    def format_for_human(self, files: List[str]) -> None:
+        if not files:
+            logger.info("No locally built wheels cached.")
+            return
+
+        results = []
+        for filename in files:
+            wheel = os.path.basename(filename)
+            size = filesystem.format_file_size(filename)
+            results.append(f" - {wheel} ({size})")
+        logger.info("Cache contents:\n")
+        logger.info("\n".join(sorted(results)))
+
+    def format_for_abspath(self, files: List[str]) -> None:
+        if files:
+            logger.info("\n".join(sorted(files)))
+
+    def remove_cache_items(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        if not args:
+            raise CommandError("Please provide a pattern")
+
+        files = self._find_wheels(options, args[0])
+
+        no_matching_msg = "No matching packages"
+        if args[0] == "*":
+            # Only fetch http files if no specific pattern given
+            files += self._find_http_files(options)
+        else:
+            # Add the pattern to the log message
+            no_matching_msg += f' for pattern "{args[0]}"'
+
+        if not files:
+            logger.warning(no_matching_msg)
+
+        for filename in files:
+            os.unlink(filename)
+            logger.verbose("Removed %s", filename)
+        logger.info("Files removed: %s", len(files))
+
+    def purge_cache(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if args:
+            raise CommandError("Too many arguments")
+
+        return self.remove_cache_items(options, ["*"])
+
+    def _cache_dir(self, options: Values, subdir: str) -> str:
+        return os.path.join(options.cache_dir, subdir)
+
+    def _find_http_files(self, options: Values) -> List[str]:
+        old_http_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "http")
+        new_http_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "http-v2")
+        return filesystem.find_files(old_http_dir, "*") + filesystem.find_files(
+            new_http_dir, "*"
+        )
+
+    def _find_wheels(self, options: Values, pattern: str) -> List[str]:
+        wheel_dir = self._cache_dir(options, "wheels")
+
+        # The wheel filename format, as specified in PEP 427, is:
+        #     {distribution}-{version}(-{build})?-{python}-{abi}-{platform}.whl
+        #
+        # Additionally, non-alphanumeric values in the distribution are
+        # normalized to underscores (_), meaning hyphens can never occur
+        # before `-{version}`.
+        #
+        # Given that information:
+        # - If the pattern we're given contains a hyphen (-), the user is
+        #   providing at least the version. Thus, we can just append `*.whl`
+        #   to match the rest of it.
+        # - If the pattern we're given doesn't contain a hyphen (-), the
+        #   user is only providing the name. Thus, we append `-*.whl` to
+        #   match the hyphen before the version, followed by anything else.
+        #
+        # PEP 427: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0427/
+        pattern = pattern + ("*.whl" if "-" in pattern else "-*.whl")
+
+        return filesystem.find_files(wheel_dir, pattern)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5efd0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.check import (
+    check_package_set,
+    create_package_set_from_installed,
+    warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class CheckCommand(Command):
+    """Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies."""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        package_set, parsing_probs = create_package_set_from_installed()
+        warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(package_set)
+        missing, conflicting = check_package_set(package_set)
+
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name].version
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                write_output(
+                    "%s %s requires %s, which is not installed.",
+                    project_name,
+                    version,
+                    dependency[0],
+                )
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name].version
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                write_output(
+                    "%s %s has requirement %s, but you have %s %s.",
+                    project_name,
+                    version,
+                    req,
+                    dep_name,
+                    dep_version,
+                )
+
+        if missing or conflicting or parsing_probs:
+            return ERROR
+        else:
+            write_output("No broken requirements found.")
+            return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e89e27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog
+
+BASE_COMPLETION = """
+# pip {shell} completion start{script}# pip {shell} completion end
+"""
+
+COMPLETION_SCRIPTS = {
+    "bash": """
+        _pip_completion()
+        {{
+            COMPREPLY=( $( COMP_WORDS="${{COMP_WORDS[*]}}" \\
+                           COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\
+                           PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $1 2>/dev/null ) )
+        }}
+        complete -o default -F _pip_completion {prog}
+    """,
+    "zsh": """
+        #compdef -P pip[0-9.]#
+        __pip() {{
+          compadd $( COMP_WORDS="$words[*]" \\
+                     COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \\
+                     PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1 $words[1] 2>/dev/null )
+        }}
+        if [[ $zsh_eval_context[-1] == loadautofunc ]]; then
+          # autoload from fpath, call function directly
+          __pip "$@"
+        else
+          # eval/source/. command, register function for later
+          compdef __pip -P 'pip[0-9.]#'
+        fi
+    """,
+    "fish": """
+        function __fish_complete_pip
+            set -lx COMP_WORDS (commandline -o) ""
+            set -lx COMP_CWORD ( \\
+                math (contains -i -- (commandline -t) $COMP_WORDS)-1 \\
+            )
+            set -lx PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE 1
+            string split \\  -- (eval $COMP_WORDS[1])
+        end
+        complete -fa "(__fish_complete_pip)" -c {prog}
+    """,
+    "powershell": """
+        if ((Test-Path Function:\\TabExpansion) -and -not `
+            (Test-Path Function:\\_pip_completeBackup)) {{
+            Rename-Item Function:\\TabExpansion _pip_completeBackup
+        }}
+        function TabExpansion($line, $lastWord) {{
+            $lastBlock = [regex]::Split($line, '[|;]')[-1].TrimStart()
+            if ($lastBlock.StartsWith("{prog} ")) {{
+                $Env:COMP_WORDS=$lastBlock
+                $Env:COMP_CWORD=$lastBlock.Split().Length - 1
+                $Env:PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE=1
+                (& {prog}).Split()
+                Remove-Item Env:COMP_WORDS
+                Remove-Item Env:COMP_CWORD
+                Remove-Item Env:PIP_AUTO_COMPLETE
+            }}
+            elseif (Test-Path Function:\\_pip_completeBackup) {{
+                # Fall back on existing tab expansion
+                _pip_completeBackup $line $lastWord
+            }}
+        }}
+    """,
+}
+
+
+class CompletionCommand(Command):
+    """A helper command to be used for command completion."""
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--bash",
+            "-b",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="bash",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for bash",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--zsh",
+            "-z",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="zsh",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for zsh",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--fish",
+            "-f",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="fish",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for fish",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--powershell",
+            "-p",
+            action="store_const",
+            const="powershell",
+            dest="shell",
+            help="Emit completion code for powershell",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        """Prints the completion code of the given shell"""
+        shells = COMPLETION_SCRIPTS.keys()
+        shell_options = ["--" + shell for shell in sorted(shells)]
+        if options.shell in shells:
+            script = textwrap.dedent(
+                COMPLETION_SCRIPTS.get(options.shell, "").format(prog=get_prog())
+            )
+            print(BASE_COMPLETION.format(script=script, shell=options.shell))
+            return SUCCESS
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                "ERROR: You must pass {}\n".format(" or ".join(shell_options))
+            )
+            return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a1dc6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/configuration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import subprocess
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.configuration import (
+    Configuration,
+    Kind,
+    get_configuration_files,
+    kinds,
+)
+from pip._internal.exceptions import PipError
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_prog, write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ConfigurationCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Manage local and global configuration.
+
+    Subcommands:
+
+    - list: List the active configuration (or from the file specified)
+    - edit: Edit the configuration file in an editor
+    - get: Get the value associated with command.option
+    - set: Set the command.option=value
+    - unset: Unset the value associated with command.option
+    - debug: List the configuration files and values defined under them
+
+    Configuration keys should be dot separated command and option name,
+    with the special prefix "global" affecting any command. For example,
+    "pip config set global.index-url https://example.org/" would configure
+    the index url for all commands, but "pip config set download.timeout 10"
+    would configure a 10 second timeout only for "pip download" commands.
+
+    If none of --user, --global and --site are passed, a virtual
+    environment configuration file is used if one is active and the file
+    exists. Otherwise, all modifications happen to the user file by
+    default.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog [<file-option>] list
+        %prog [<file-option>] [--editor <editor-path>] edit
+
+        %prog [<file-option>] get command.option
+        %prog [<file-option>] set command.option value
+        %prog [<file-option>] unset command.option
+        %prog [<file-option>] debug
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--editor",
+            dest="editor",
+            action="store",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Editor to use to edit the file. Uses VISUAL or EDITOR "
+                "environment variables if not provided."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--global",
+            dest="global_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the system-wide configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the user configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--site",
+            dest="site_file",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Use the current environment configuration file only",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "list": self.list_values,
+            "edit": self.open_in_editor,
+            "get": self.get_name,
+            "set": self.set_name_value,
+            "unset": self.unset_name,
+            "debug": self.list_config_values,
+        }
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Determine which configuration files are to be loaded
+        #    Depends on whether the command is modifying.
+        try:
+            load_only = self._determine_file(
+                options, need_value=(action in ["get", "set", "unset", "edit"])
+            )
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        # Load a new configuration
+        self.configuration = Configuration(
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode, load_only=load_only
+        )
+        self.configuration.load()
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _determine_file(self, options: Values, need_value: bool) -> Optional[Kind]:
+        file_options = [
+            key
+            for key, value in (
+                (kinds.USER, options.user_file),
+                (kinds.GLOBAL, options.global_file),
+                (kinds.SITE, options.site_file),
+            )
+            if value
+        ]
+
+        if not file_options:
+            if not need_value:
+                return None
+            # Default to user, unless there's a site file.
+            elif any(
+                os.path.exists(site_config_file)
+                for site_config_file in get_configuration_files()[kinds.SITE]
+            ):
+                return kinds.SITE
+            else:
+                return kinds.USER
+        elif len(file_options) == 1:
+            return file_options[0]
+
+        raise PipError(
+            "Need exactly one file to operate upon "
+            "(--user, --site, --global) to perform."
+        )
+
+    def list_values(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        self._get_n_args(args, "list", n=0)
+
+        for key, value in sorted(self.configuration.items()):
+            write_output("%s=%r", key, value)
+
+    def get_name(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key = self._get_n_args(args, "get [name]", n=1)
+        value = self.configuration.get_value(key)
+
+        write_output("%s", value)
+
+    def set_name_value(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key, value = self._get_n_args(args, "set [name] [value]", n=2)
+        self.configuration.set_value(key, value)
+
+        self._save_configuration()
+
+    def unset_name(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        key = self._get_n_args(args, "unset [name]", n=1)
+        self.configuration.unset_value(key)
+
+        self._save_configuration()
+
+    def list_config_values(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        """List config key-value pairs across different config files"""
+        self._get_n_args(args, "debug", n=0)
+
+        self.print_env_var_values()
+        # Iterate over config files and print if they exist, and the
+        # key-value pairs present in them if they do
+        for variant, files in sorted(self.configuration.iter_config_files()):
+            write_output("%s:", variant)
+            for fname in files:
+                with indent_log():
+                    file_exists = os.path.exists(fname)
+                    write_output("%s, exists: %r", fname, file_exists)
+                    if file_exists:
+                        self.print_config_file_values(variant)
+
+    def print_config_file_values(self, variant: Kind) -> None:
+        """Get key-value pairs from the file of a variant"""
+        for name, value in self.configuration.get_values_in_config(variant).items():
+            with indent_log():
+                write_output("%s: %s", name, value)
+
+    def print_env_var_values(self) -> None:
+        """Get key-values pairs present as environment variables"""
+        write_output("%s:", "env_var")
+        with indent_log():
+            for key, value in sorted(self.configuration.get_environ_vars()):
+                env_var = f"PIP_{key.upper()}"
+                write_output("%s=%r", env_var, value)
+
+    def open_in_editor(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> None:
+        editor = self._determine_editor(options)
+
+        fname = self.configuration.get_file_to_edit()
+        if fname is None:
+            raise PipError("Could not determine appropriate file.")
+        elif '"' in fname:
+            # This shouldn't happen, unless we see a username like that.
+            # If that happens, we'd appreciate a pull request fixing this.
+            raise PipError(
+                f'Can not open an editor for a file name containing "\n{fname}'
+            )
+
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(f'{editor} "{fname}"', shell=True)
+        except FileNotFoundError as e:
+            if not e.filename:
+                e.filename = editor
+            raise
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+            raise PipError(f"Editor Subprocess exited with exit code {e.returncode}")
+
+    def _get_n_args(self, args: List[str], example: str, n: int) -> Any:
+        """Helper to make sure the command got the right number of arguments"""
+        if len(args) != n:
+            msg = (
+                f"Got unexpected number of arguments, expected {n}. "
+                f'(example: "{get_prog()} config {example}")'
+            )
+            raise PipError(msg)
+
+        if n == 1:
+            return args[0]
+        else:
+            return args
+
+    def _save_configuration(self) -> None:
+        # We successfully ran a modifying command. Need to save the
+        # configuration.
+        try:
+            self.configuration.save()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Unable to save configuration. Please report this as a bug."
+            )
+            raise PipError("Internal Error.")
+
+    def _determine_editor(self, options: Values) -> str:
+        if options.editor is not None:
+            return options.editor
+        elif "VISUAL" in os.environ:
+            return os.environ["VISUAL"]
+        elif "EDITOR" in os.environ:
+            return os.environ["EDITOR"]
+        else:
+            raise PipError("Could not determine editor to use.")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5271c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import importlib.resources
+import locale
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+import pip._vendor
+from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import get_pip_version
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def show_value(name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    logger.info("%s: %s", name, value)
+
+
+def show_sys_implementation() -> None:
+    logger.info("sys.implementation:")
+    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    with indent_log():
+        show_value("name", implementation_name)
+
+
+def create_vendor_txt_map() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    with importlib.resources.open_text("pip._vendor", "vendor.txt") as f:
+        # Purge non version specifying lines.
+        # Also, remove any space prefix or suffixes (including comments).
+        lines = [
+            line.strip().split(" ", 1)[0] for line in f.readlines() if "==" in line
+        ]
+
+    # Transform into "module" -> version dict.
+    return dict(line.split("==", 1) for line in lines)
+
+
+def get_module_from_module_name(module_name: str) -> Optional[ModuleType]:
+    # Module name can be uppercase in vendor.txt for some reason...
+    module_name = module_name.lower().replace("-", "_")
+    # PATCH: setuptools is actually only pkg_resources.
+    if module_name == "setuptools":
+        module_name = "pkg_resources"
+
+    try:
+        __import__(f"pip._vendor.{module_name}", globals(), locals(), level=0)
+        return getattr(pip._vendor, module_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        # We allow 'truststore' to fail to import due
+        # to being unavailable on Python 3.9 and earlier.
+        if module_name == "truststore" and sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+            return None
+        raise
+
+
+def get_vendor_version_from_module(module_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    module = get_module_from_module_name(module_name)
+    version = getattr(module, "__version__", None)
+
+    if module and not version:
+        # Try to find version in debundled module info.
+        assert module.__file__ is not None
+        env = get_environment([os.path.dirname(module.__file__)])
+        dist = env.get_distribution(module_name)
+        if dist:
+            version = str(dist.version)
+
+    return version
+
+
+def show_actual_vendor_versions(vendor_txt_versions: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """Log the actual version and print extra info if there is
+    a conflict or if the actual version could not be imported.
+    """
+    for module_name, expected_version in vendor_txt_versions.items():
+        extra_message = ""
+        actual_version = get_vendor_version_from_module(module_name)
+        if not actual_version:
+            extra_message = (
+                " (Unable to locate actual module version, using"
+                " vendor.txt specified version)"
+            )
+            actual_version = expected_version
+        elif parse_version(actual_version) != parse_version(expected_version):
+            extra_message = (
+                " (CONFLICT: vendor.txt suggests version should"
+                f" be {expected_version})"
+            )
+        logger.info("%s==%s%s", module_name, actual_version, extra_message)
+
+
+def show_vendor_versions() -> None:
+    logger.info("vendored library versions:")
+
+    vendor_txt_versions = create_vendor_txt_map()
+    with indent_log():
+        show_actual_vendor_versions(vendor_txt_versions)
+
+
+def show_tags(options: Values) -> None:
+    tag_limit = 10
+
+    target_python = make_target_python(options)
+    tags = target_python.get_sorted_tags()
+
+    # Display the target options that were explicitly provided.
+    formatted_target = target_python.format_given()
+    suffix = ""
+    if formatted_target:
+        suffix = f" (target: {formatted_target})"
+
+    msg = f"Compatible tags: {len(tags)}{suffix}"
+    logger.info(msg)
+
+    if options.verbose < 1 and len(tags) > tag_limit:
+        tags_limited = True
+        tags = tags[:tag_limit]
+    else:
+        tags_limited = False
+
+    with indent_log():
+        for tag in tags:
+            logger.info(str(tag))
+
+        if tags_limited:
+            msg = f"...\n[First {tag_limit} tags shown. Pass --verbose to show all.]"
+            logger.info(msg)
+
+
+def ca_bundle_info(config: Configuration) -> str:
+    levels = {key.split(".", 1)[0] for key, _ in config.items()}
+    if not levels:
+        return "Not specified"
+
+    levels_that_override_global = ["install", "wheel", "download"]
+    global_overriding_level = [
+        level for level in levels if level in levels_that_override_global
+    ]
+    if not global_overriding_level:
+        return "global"
+
+    if "global" in levels:
+        levels.remove("global")
+    return ", ".join(levels)
+
+
+class DebugCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Display debug information.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog <options>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+        self.parser.config.load()
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        logger.warning(
+            "This command is only meant for debugging. "
+            "Do not use this with automation for parsing and getting these "
+            "details, since the output and options of this command may "
+            "change without notice."
+        )
+        show_value("pip version", get_pip_version())
+        show_value("sys.version", sys.version)
+        show_value("sys.executable", sys.executable)
+        show_value("sys.getdefaultencoding", sys.getdefaultencoding())
+        show_value("sys.getfilesystemencoding", sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        show_value(
+            "locale.getpreferredencoding",
+            locale.getpreferredencoding(),
+        )
+        show_value("sys.platform", sys.platform)
+        show_sys_implementation()
+
+        show_value("'cert' config value", ca_bundle_info(self.parser.config))
+        show_value("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"))
+        show_value("CURL_CA_BUNDLE", os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE"))
+        show_value("pip._vendor.certifi.where()", where())
+        show_value("pip._vendor.DEBUNDLED", pip._vendor.DEBUNDLED)
+
+        show_vendor_versions()
+
+        show_tags(options)
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54247a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import RequirementCommand, with_cleanup
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import check_legacy_setup_py_options
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, normalize_path, write_output
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DownloadCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Download packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports downloading from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be downloaded.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-d",
+            "--dest",
+            "--destination-dir",
+            "--destination-directory",
+            dest="download_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=os.curdir,
+            help="Download packages into <dir>.",
+        )
+
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        options.ignore_installed = True
+        # editable doesn't really make sense for `pip download`, but the bowels
+        # of the RequirementSet code require that property.
+        options.editables = []
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options)
+
+        options.download_dir = normalize_path(options.download_dir)
+        ensure_dir(options.download_dir)
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="download",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+        check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+        preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+            temp_build_dir=directory,
+            options=options,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            finder=finder,
+            download_dir=options.download_dir,
+            use_user_site=False,
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+        )
+
+        resolver = self.make_resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            options=options,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+            py_version_info=options.python_version,
+        )
+
+        self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+        requirement_set = resolver.resolve(reqs, check_supported_wheels=True)
+
+        downloaded: List[str] = []
+        for req in requirement_set.requirements.values():
+            if req.satisfied_by is None:
+                assert req.name is not None
+                preparer.save_linked_requirement(req)
+                downloaded.append(req.name)
+
+        preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(requirement_set.requirements.values())
+        requirement_set.warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers()
+
+        if downloaded:
+            write_output("Successfully downloaded %s", " ".join(downloaded))
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e64cb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/freeze.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import AbstractSet, List
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+
+
+def _should_suppress_build_backends() -> bool:
+    return sys.version_info < (3, 12)
+
+
+def _dev_pkgs() -> AbstractSet[str]:
+    pkgs = {"pip"}
+
+    if _should_suppress_build_backends():
+        pkgs |= {"setuptools", "distribute", "wheel"}
+        pkgs |= {"setuptools", "distribute", "wheel", "pkg-resources"}
+
+    return pkgs
+
+
+class FreezeCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Output installed packages in requirements format.
+
+    packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+    log_streams = ("ext://sys.stderr", "ext://sys.stderr")
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-r",
+            "--requirement",
+            dest="requirements",
+            action="append",
+            default=[],
+            metavar="file",
+            help=(
+                "Use the order in the given requirements file and its "
+                "comments when generating output. This option can be "
+                "used multiple times."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-l",
+            "--local",
+            dest="local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not output "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--all",
+            dest="freeze_all",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Do not skip these packages in the output:"
+                " {}".format(", ".join(_dev_pkgs()))
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--exclude-editable",
+            dest="exclude_editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Exclude editable package from output.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_exclude())
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        skip = set(stdlib_pkgs)
+        if not options.freeze_all:
+            skip.update(_dev_pkgs())
+
+        if options.excludes:
+            skip.update(options.excludes)
+
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+
+        for line in freeze(
+            requirement=options.requirements,
+            local_only=options.local,
+            user_only=options.user,
+            paths=options.path,
+            isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            skip=skip,
+            exclude_editable=options.exclude_editable,
+        ):
+            sys.stdout.write(line + "\n")
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042dac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/hash.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import sys
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH, STRONG_HASHES
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks, write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class HashCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Compute a hash of a local package archive.
+
+    These can be used with --hash in a requirements file to do repeatable
+    installs.
+    """
+
+    usage = "%prog [options] <file> ..."
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-a",
+            "--algorithm",
+            dest="algorithm",
+            choices=STRONG_HASHES,
+            action="store",
+            default=FAVORITE_HASH,
+            help="The hash algorithm to use: one of {}".format(
+                ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
+            ),
+        )
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            self.parser.print_usage(sys.stderr)
+            return ERROR
+
+        algorithm = options.algorithm
+        for path in args:
+            write_output(
+                "%s:\n--hash=%s:%s", path, algorithm, _hash_of_file(path, algorithm)
+            )
+        return SUCCESS
+
+
+def _hash_of_file(path: str, algorithm: str) -> str:
+    """Return the hash digest of a file."""
+    with open(path, "rb") as archive:
+        hash = hashlib.new(algorithm)
+        for chunk in read_chunks(archive):
+            hash.update(chunk)
+    return hash.hexdigest()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6206631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+
+
+class HelpCommand(Command):
+    """Show help for commands"""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog <command>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        from pip._internal.commands import (
+            commands_dict,
+            create_command,
+            get_similar_commands,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # 'pip help' with no args is handled by pip.__init__.parseopt()
+            cmd_name = args[0]  # the command we need help for
+        except IndexError:
+            return SUCCESS
+
+        if cmd_name not in commands_dict:
+            guess = get_similar_commands(cmd_name)
+
+            msg = [f'unknown command "{cmd_name}"']
+            if guess:
+                msg.append(f'maybe you meant "{guess}"')
+
+            raise CommandError(" - ".join(msg))
+
+        command = create_command(cmd_name)
+        command.parser.print_help()
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f55e9e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Iterable, List, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.commands.search import print_dist_installation_info
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, DistributionNotFound, PipError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class IndexCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    """
+    Inspect information available from package indexes.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+        %prog versions <package>
+    """
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        handlers = {
+            "versions": self.get_available_package_versions,
+        }
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "pip index is currently an experimental command. "
+            "It may be removed/changed in a future release "
+            "without prior warning."
+        )
+
+        # Determine action
+        if not args or args[0] not in handlers:
+            logger.error(
+                "Need an action (%s) to perform.",
+                ", ".join(sorted(handlers)),
+            )
+            return ERROR
+
+        action = args[0]
+
+        # Error handling happens here, not in the action-handlers.
+        try:
+            handlers[action](options, args[1:])
+        except PipError as e:
+            logger.error(e.args[0])
+            return ERROR
+
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self,
+        options: Values,
+        session: PipSession,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to the index command.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+
+        # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=False,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+            target_python=target_python,
+        )
+
+    def get_available_package_versions(self, options: Values, args: List[Any]) -> None:
+        if len(args) != 1:
+            raise CommandError("You need to specify exactly one argument")
+
+        target_python = cmdoptions.make_target_python(options)
+        query = args[0]
+
+        with self._build_session(options) as session:
+            finder = self._build_package_finder(
+                options=options,
+                session=session,
+                target_python=target_python,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            )
+
+            versions: Iterable[Union[LegacyVersion, Version]] = (
+                candidate.version for candidate in finder.find_all_candidates(query)
+            )
+
+            if not options.pre:
+                # Remove prereleases
+                versions = (
+                    version for version in versions if not version.is_prerelease
+                )
+            versions = set(versions)
+
+            if not versions:
+                raise DistributionNotFound(
+                    f"No matching distribution found for {query}"
+                )
+
+            formatted_versions = [str(ver) for ver in sorted(versions, reverse=True)]
+            latest = formatted_versions[0]
+
+        write_output(f"{query} ({latest})")
+        write_output("Available versions: {}".format(", ".join(formatted_versions)))
+        print_dist_installation_info(query, latest)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c8fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import default_environment
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InspectCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Inspect the content of a Python environment and produce a report in JSON format.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+        dists = get_environment(options.path).iter_installed_distributions(
+            local_only=options.local,
+            user_only=options.user,
+            skip=set(stdlib_pkgs),
+        )
+        output = {
+            "version": "1",
+            "pip_version": __version__,
+            "installed": [self._dist_to_dict(dist) for dist in dists],
+            "environment": default_environment(),
+            # TODO tags? scheme?
+        }
+        print_json(data=output)
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _dist_to_dict(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        res: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "metadata": dist.metadata_dict,
+            "metadata_location": dist.info_location,
+        }
+        # direct_url. Note that we don't have download_info (as in the installation
+        # report) since it is not recorded in installed metadata.
+        direct_url = dist.direct_url
+        if direct_url is not None:
+            res["direct_url"] = direct_url.to_dict()
+        else:
+            # Emulate direct_url for legacy editable installs.
+            editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+            if editable_project_location is not None:
+                res["direct_url"] = {
+                    "url": path_to_url(editable_project_location),
+                    "dir_info": {
+                        "editable": True,
+                    },
+                }
+        # installer
+        installer = dist.installer
+        if dist.installer:
+            res["installer"] = installer
+        # requested
+        if dist.installed_with_dist_info:
+            res["requested"] = dist.requested
+        return res
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e944bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
+import errno
+import json
+import operator
+import os
+import shutil
+import site
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Values
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import (
+    RequirementCommand,
+    warn_if_run_as_root,
+    with_cleanup,
+)
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.installation_report import InstallationReport
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.operations.check import ConflictDetails, check_install_conflicts
+from pip._internal.req import install_given_reqs
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_legacy_setup_py_options,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import test_writable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    check_externally_managed,
+    ensure_dir,
+    get_pip_version,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+    write_output,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import build, should_build_for_install_command
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Install packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--dry-run",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="dry_run",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Don't actually install anything, just print what would be. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-t",
+            "--target",
+            dest="target_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Install packages into <dir>. "
+                "By default this will not replace existing files/folders in "
+                "<dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> "
+                "with new versions."
+            ),
+        )
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Install to the Python user install directory for your "
+                "platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\\Python on "
+                "Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE "
+                "for full details.)"
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_false",
+            help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--root",
+            dest="root_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help="Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--prefix",
+            dest="prefix_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level "
+                "folders are placed. Note that the resulting installation may "
+                "contain scripts and other resources which reference the "
+                "Python interpreter of pip, and not that of ``--prefix``. "
+                "See also the ``--python`` option if the intention is to "
+                "install packages into another (possibly pip-free) "
+                "environment."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-U",
+            "--upgrade",
+            dest="upgrade",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available "
+                "version. The handling of dependencies depends on the "
+                "upgrade-strategy used."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--upgrade-strategy",
+            dest="upgrade_strategy",
+            default="only-if-needed",
+            choices=["only-if-needed", "eager"],
+            help=(
+                "Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled "
+                "[default: %default]. "
+                '"eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of '
+                "whether the currently installed version satisfies the "
+                "requirements of the upgraded package(s). "
+                '"only-if-needed" -  are upgraded only when they do not '
+                "satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s)."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--force-reinstall",
+            dest="force_reinstall",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-I",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            dest="ignore_installed",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. "
+                "This can break your system if the existing package "
+                "is of a different version or was installed "
+                "with a different package manager!"
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.override_externally_managed())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--compile",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="compile",
+            default=True,
+            help="Compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-compile",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="compile",
+            help="Do not compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_script_location",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-conflicts",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_about_conflicts",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn about broken dependencies",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--report",
+            dest="json_report_file",
+            metavar="file",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Generate a JSON file describing what pip did to install "
+                "the provided requirements. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --dry-run and --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements. "
+                "When - is used as file name it writes to stdout. "
+                "When writing to stdout, please combine with the --quiet option "
+                "to avoid mixing pip logging output with JSON output."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.use_user_site and options.target_dir is not None:
+            raise CommandError("Can not combine '--user' and '--target'")
+
+        # Check whether the environment we're installing into is externally
+        # managed, as specified in PEP 668. Specifying --root, --target, or
+        # --prefix disables the check, since there's no reliable way to locate
+        # the EXTERNALLY-MANAGED file for those cases. An exception is also
+        # made specifically for "--dry-run --report" for convenience.
+        installing_into_current_environment = (
+            not (options.dry_run and options.json_report_file)
+            and options.root_path is None
+            and options.target_dir is None
+            and options.prefix_path is None
+        )
+        if (
+            installing_into_current_environment
+            and not options.override_externally_managed
+        ):
+            check_externally_managed()
+
+        upgrade_strategy = "to-satisfy-only"
+        if options.upgrade:
+            upgrade_strategy = options.upgrade_strategy
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options, check_target=True)
+
+        logger.verbose("Using %s", get_pip_version())
+        options.use_user_site = decide_user_install(
+            options.use_user_site,
+            prefix_path=options.prefix_path,
+            target_dir=options.target_dir,
+            root_path=options.root_path,
+            isolated_mode=options.isolated_mode,
+        )
+
+        target_temp_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        target_temp_dir_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if options.target_dir:
+            options.ignore_installed = True
+            options.target_dir = os.path.abspath(options.target_dir)
+            if (
+                # fmt: off
+                os.path.exists(options.target_dir) and
+                not os.path.isdir(options.target_dir)
+                # fmt: on
+            ):
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "Target path exists but is not a directory, will not continue."
+                )
+
+            # Create a target directory for using with the target option
+            target_temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="target")
+            target_temp_dir_path = target_temp_dir.path
+            self.enter_context(target_temp_dir)
+
+        global_options = options.global_options or []
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="install",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+            check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+            wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir)
+
+            # Only when installing is it permitted to use PEP 660.
+            # In other circumstances (pip wheel, pip download) we generate
+            # regular (i.e. non editable) metadata and wheels.
+            for req in reqs:
+                req.permit_editable_wheels = True
+
+            preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+                temp_build_dir=directory,
+                options=options,
+                build_tracker=build_tracker,
+                session=session,
+                finder=finder,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            )
+            resolver = self.make_resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                ignore_installed=options.ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=options.force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+            )
+
+            self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+            requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
+                reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
+            )
+
+            if options.json_report_file:
+                report = InstallationReport(requirement_set.requirements_to_install)
+                if options.json_report_file == "-":
+                    print_json(data=report.to_dict())
+                else:
+                    with open(options.json_report_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                        json.dump(report.to_dict(), f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+            if options.dry_run:
+                # In non dry-run mode, the legacy versions and specifiers check
+                # will be done as part of conflict detection.
+                requirement_set.warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers()
+                would_install_items = sorted(
+                    (r.metadata["name"], r.metadata["version"])
+                    for r in requirement_set.requirements_to_install
+                )
+                if would_install_items:
+                    write_output(
+                        "Would install %s",
+                        " ".join("-".join(item) for item in would_install_items),
+                    )
+                return SUCCESS
+
+            try:
+                pip_req = requirement_set.get_requirement("pip")
+            except KeyError:
+                modifying_pip = False
+            else:
+                # If we're not replacing an already installed pip,
+                # we're not modifying it.
+                modifying_pip = pip_req.satisfied_by is None
+            protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip=modifying_pip)
+
+            reqs_to_build = [
+                r
+                for r in requirement_set.requirements.values()
+                if should_build_for_install_command(r)
+            ]
+
+            _, build_failures = build(
+                reqs_to_build,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                verify=True,
+                build_options=[],
+                global_options=global_options,
+            )
+
+            if build_failures:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    "Could not build wheels for {}, which is required to "
+                    "install pyproject.toml-based projects".format(
+                        ", ".join(r.name for r in build_failures)  # type: ignore
+                    )
+                )
+
+            to_install = resolver.get_installation_order(requirement_set)
+
+            # Check for conflicts in the package set we're installing.
+            conflicts: Optional[ConflictDetails] = None
+            should_warn_about_conflicts = (
+                not options.ignore_dependencies and options.warn_about_conflicts
+            )
+            if should_warn_about_conflicts:
+                conflicts = self._determine_conflicts(to_install)
+
+            # Don't warn about script install locations if
+            # --target or --prefix has been specified
+            warn_script_location = options.warn_script_location
+            if options.target_dir or options.prefix_path:
+                warn_script_location = False
+
+            installed = install_given_reqs(
+                to_install,
+                global_options,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                pycompile=options.compile,
+            )
+
+            lib_locations = get_lib_location_guesses(
+                user=options.use_user_site,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            env = get_environment(lib_locations)
+
+            installed.sort(key=operator.attrgetter("name"))
+            items = []
+            for result in installed:
+                item = result.name
+                try:
+                    installed_dist = env.get_distribution(item)
+                    if installed_dist is not None:
+                        item = f"{item}-{installed_dist.version}"
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                items.append(item)
+
+            if conflicts is not None:
+                self._warn_about_conflicts(
+                    conflicts,
+                    resolver_variant=self.determine_resolver_variant(options),
+                )
+
+            installed_desc = " ".join(items)
+            if installed_desc:
+                write_output(
+                    "Successfully installed %s",
+                    installed_desc,
+                )
+        except OSError as error:
+            show_traceback = self.verbosity >= 1
+
+            message = create_os_error_message(
+                error,
+                show_traceback,
+                options.use_user_site,
+            )
+            logger.error(message, exc_info=show_traceback)
+
+            return ERROR
+
+        if options.target_dir:
+            assert target_temp_dir
+            self._handle_target_dir(
+                options.target_dir, target_temp_dir, options.upgrade
+            )
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _handle_target_dir(
+        self, target_dir: str, target_temp_dir: TempDirectory, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        ensure_dir(target_dir)
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        lib_dir_list = []
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        scheme = get_scheme("", home=target_temp_dir.path)
+        purelib_dir = scheme.purelib
+        platlib_dir = scheme.platlib
+        data_dir = scheme.data
+
+        if os.path.exists(purelib_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(purelib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(platlib_dir) and platlib_dir != purelib_dir:
+            lib_dir_list.append(platlib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(data_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(data_dir)
+
+        for lib_dir in lib_dir_list:
+            for item in os.listdir(lib_dir):
+                if lib_dir == data_dir:
+                    ddir = os.path.join(data_dir, item)
+                    if any(s.startswith(ddir) for s in lib_dir_list[:-1]):
+                        continue
+                target_item_dir = os.path.join(target_dir, item)
+                if os.path.exists(target_item_dir):
+                    if not upgrade:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists. Specify "
+                            "--upgrade to force replacement.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.islink(target_item_dir):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists and is "
+                            "a link. pip will not automatically replace "
+                            "links, please remove if replacement is "
+                            "desired.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.isdir(target_item_dir):
+                        shutil.rmtree(target_item_dir)
+                    else:
+                        os.remove(target_item_dir)
+
+                shutil.move(os.path.join(lib_dir, item), target_item_dir)
+
+    def _determine_conflicts(
+        self, to_install: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> Optional[ConflictDetails]:
+        try:
+            return check_install_conflicts(to_install)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Error while checking for conflicts. Please file an issue on "
+                "pip's issue tracker: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/new"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    def _warn_about_conflicts(
+        self, conflict_details: ConflictDetails, resolver_variant: str
+    ) -> None:
+        package_set, (missing, conflicting) = conflict_details
+        if not missing and not conflicting:
+            return
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        if resolver_variant == "legacy":
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's legacy dependency resolver does not consider dependency "
+                "conflicts when selecting packages. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+        else:
+            assert resolver_variant == "resolvelib"
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account "
+                "all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+
+        # NOTE: There is some duplication here, with commands/check.py
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    f"{project_name} {version} requires {dependency[1]}, "
+                    "which is not installed."
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    "{name} {version} requires {requirement}, but {you} have "
+                    "{dep_name} {dep_version} which is incompatible."
+                ).format(
+                    name=project_name,
+                    version=version,
+                    requirement=req,
+                    dep_name=dep_name,
+                    dep_version=dep_version,
+                    you=("you" if resolver_variant == "resolvelib" else "you'll"),
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        logger.critical("\n".join(parts))
+
+
+def get_lib_location_guesses(
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> List[str]:
+    scheme = get_scheme(
+        "",
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    return [scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib]
+
+
+def site_packages_writable(root: Optional[str], isolated: bool) -> bool:
+    return all(
+        test_writable_dir(d)
+        for d in set(get_lib_location_guesses(root=root, isolated=isolated))
+    )
+
+
+def decide_user_install(
+    use_user_site: Optional[bool],
+    prefix_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    target_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    root_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated_mode: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether to do a user install based on the input options.
+
+    If use_user_site is False, no additional checks are done.
+    If use_user_site is True, it is checked for compatibility with other
+    options.
+    If use_user_site is None, the default behaviour depends on the environment,
+    which is provided by the other arguments.
+    """
+    # In some cases (config from tox), use_user_site can be set to an integer
+    # rather than a bool, which 'use_user_site is False' wouldn't catch.
+    if (use_user_site is not None) and (not use_user_site):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install by explicit request")
+        return False
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        if prefix_path:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not combine '--user' and '--prefix' as they imply "
+                "different installation locations"
+            )
+        if virtualenv_no_global():
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages "
+                "are not visible in this virtualenv."
+            )
+        logger.debug("User install by explicit request")
+        return True
+
+    # If we are here, user installs have not been explicitly requested/avoided
+    assert use_user_site is None
+
+    # user install incompatible with --prefix/--target
+    if prefix_path or target_dir:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install due to --prefix or --target option")
+        return False
+
+    # If user installs are not enabled, choose a non-user install
+    if not site.ENABLE_USER_SITE:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because user site-packages disabled")
+        return False
+
+    # If we have permission for a non-user install, do that,
+    # otherwise do a user install.
+    if site_packages_writable(root=root_path, isolated=isolated_mode):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because site-packages writeable")
+        return False
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages "
+        "is not writeable"
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+def create_os_error_message(
+    error: OSError, show_traceback: bool, using_user_site: bool
+) -> str:
+    """Format an error message for an OSError
+
+    It may occur anytime during the execution of the install command.
+    """
+    parts = []
+
+    # Mention the error if we are not going to show a traceback
+    parts.append("Could not install packages due to an OSError")
+    if not show_traceback:
+        parts.append(": ")
+        parts.append(str(error))
+    else:
+        parts.append(".")
+
+    # Spilt the error indication from a helper message (if any)
+    parts[-1] += "\n"
+
+    # Suggest useful actions to the user:
+    #  (1) using user site-packages or (2) verifying the permissions
+    if error.errno == errno.EACCES:
+        user_option_part = "Consider using the `--user` option"
+        permissions_part = "Check the permissions"
+
+        if not running_under_virtualenv() and not using_user_site:
+            parts.extend(
+                [
+                    user_option_part,
+                    " or ",
+                    permissions_part.lower(),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            parts.append(permissions_part)
+        parts.append(".\n")
+
+    # Suggest the user to enable Long Paths if path length is
+    # more than 260
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and error.errno == errno.ENOENT
+        and error.filename
+        and len(error.filename) > 260
+    ):
+        parts.append(
+            "HINT: This error might have occurred since "
+            "this system does not have Windows Long Path "
+            "support enabled. You can find information on "
+            "how to enable this at "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/enable-long-paths\n"
+        )
+
+    return "".join(parts).strip() + "\n"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32fb19b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+import json
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import IndexGroupCommand
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import tabulate, write_output
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.metadata.base import DistributionVersion
+
+    class _DistWithLatestInfo(BaseDistribution):
+        """Give the distribution object a couple of extra fields.
+
+        These will be populated during ``get_outdated()``. This is dirty but
+        makes the rest of the code much cleaner.
+        """
+
+        latest_version: DistributionVersion
+        latest_filetype: str
+
+    _ProcessedDists = Sequence[_DistWithLatestInfo]
+
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ListCommand(IndexGroupCommand):
+    """
+    List installed packages, including editables.
+
+    Packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
+    """
+
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options]"""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-o",
+            "--outdated",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List outdated packages",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-u",
+            "--uptodate",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List uptodate packages",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-e",
+            "--editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="List editable projects.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-l",
+            "--local",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list "
+                "globally-installed packages."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="user",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Only output packages installed in user-site.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_path())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--pre",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+                "pip only finds stable versions."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--format",
+            action="store",
+            dest="list_format",
+            default="columns",
+            choices=("columns", "freeze", "json"),
+            help=(
+                "Select the output format among: columns (default), freeze, or json. "
+                "The 'freeze' format cannot be used with the --outdated option."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--not-required",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="not_required",
+            help="List packages that are not dependencies of installed packages.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--exclude-editable",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="include_editable",
+            help="Exclude editable package from output.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--include-editable",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="include_editable",
+            help="Include editable package from output.",
+            default=True,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.list_exclude())
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(cmdoptions.index_group, self.parser)
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def _build_package_finder(
+        self, options: Values, session: PipSession
+    ) -> PackageFinder:
+        """
+        Create a package finder appropriate to this list command.
+        """
+        link_collector = LinkCollector.create(session, options=options)
+
+        # Pass allow_yanked=False to ignore yanked versions.
+        selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+            allow_yanked=False,
+            allow_all_prereleases=options.pre,
+        )
+
+        return PackageFinder.create(
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+        )
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.outdated and options.uptodate:
+            raise CommandError("Options --outdated and --uptodate cannot be combined.")
+
+        if options.outdated and options.list_format == "freeze":
+            raise CommandError(
+                "List format 'freeze' cannot be used with the --outdated option."
+            )
+
+        cmdoptions.check_list_path_option(options)
+
+        skip = set(stdlib_pkgs)
+        if options.excludes:
+            skip.update(canonicalize_name(n) for n in options.excludes)
+
+        packages: "_ProcessedDists" = [
+            cast("_DistWithLatestInfo", d)
+            for d in get_environment(options.path).iter_installed_distributions(
+                local_only=options.local,
+                user_only=options.user,
+                editables_only=options.editable,
+                include_editables=options.include_editable,
+                skip=skip,
+            )
+        ]
+
+        # get_not_required must be called firstly in order to find and
+        # filter out all dependencies correctly. Otherwise a package
+        # can't be identified as requirement because some parent packages
+        # could be filtered out before.
+        if options.not_required:
+            packages = self.get_not_required(packages, options)
+
+        if options.outdated:
+            packages = self.get_outdated(packages, options)
+        elif options.uptodate:
+            packages = self.get_uptodate(packages, options)
+
+        self.output_package_listing(packages, options)
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def get_outdated(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        return [
+            dist
+            for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
+            if parse(str(dist.latest_version)) > parse(str(dist.version))
+        ]
+
+    def get_uptodate(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        return [
+            dist
+            for dist in self.iter_packages_latest_infos(packages, options)
+            if parse(str(dist.latest_version)) == parse(str(dist.version))
+        ]
+
+    def get_not_required(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> "_ProcessedDists":
+        dep_keys = {
+            canonicalize_name(dep.name)
+            for dist in packages
+            for dep in (dist.iter_dependencies() or ())
+        }
+
+        # Create a set to remove duplicate packages, and cast it to a list
+        # to keep the return type consistent with get_outdated and
+        # get_uptodate
+        return list({pkg for pkg in packages if pkg.canonical_name not in dep_keys})
+
+    def iter_packages_latest_infos(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> Generator["_DistWithLatestInfo", None, None]:
+        with self._build_session(options) as session:
+            finder = self._build_package_finder(options, session)
+
+            def latest_info(
+                dist: "_DistWithLatestInfo",
+            ) -> Optional["_DistWithLatestInfo"]:
+                all_candidates = finder.find_all_candidates(dist.canonical_name)
+                if not options.pre:
+                    # Remove prereleases
+                    all_candidates = [
+                        candidate
+                        for candidate in all_candidates
+                        if not candidate.version.is_prerelease
+                    ]
+
+                evaluator = finder.make_candidate_evaluator(
+                    project_name=dist.canonical_name,
+                )
+                best_candidate = evaluator.sort_best_candidate(all_candidates)
+                if best_candidate is None:
+                    return None
+
+                remote_version = best_candidate.version
+                if best_candidate.link.is_wheel:
+                    typ = "wheel"
+                else:
+                    typ = "sdist"
+                dist.latest_version = remote_version
+                dist.latest_filetype = typ
+                return dist
+
+            for dist in map(latest_info, packages):
+                if dist is not None:
+                    yield dist
+
+    def output_package_listing(
+        self, packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+    ) -> None:
+        packages = sorted(
+            packages,
+            key=lambda dist: dist.canonical_name,
+        )
+        if options.list_format == "columns" and packages:
+            data, header = format_for_columns(packages, options)
+            self.output_package_listing_columns(data, header)
+        elif options.list_format == "freeze":
+            for dist in packages:
+                if options.verbose >= 1:
+                    write_output(
+                        "%s==%s (%s)", dist.raw_name, dist.version, dist.location
+                    )
+                else:
+                    write_output("%s==%s", dist.raw_name, dist.version)
+        elif options.list_format == "json":
+            write_output(format_for_json(packages, options))
+
+    def output_package_listing_columns(
+        self, data: List[List[str]], header: List[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        # insert the header first: we need to know the size of column names
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            data.insert(0, header)
+
+        pkg_strings, sizes = tabulate(data)
+
+        # Create and add a separator.
+        if len(data) > 0:
+            pkg_strings.insert(1, " ".join("-" * x for x in sizes))
+
+        for val in pkg_strings:
+            write_output(val)
+
+
+def format_for_columns(
+    pkgs: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values
+) -> Tuple[List[List[str]], List[str]]:
+    """
+    Convert the package data into something usable
+    by output_package_listing_columns.
+    """
+    header = ["Package", "Version"]
+
+    running_outdated = options.outdated
+    if running_outdated:
+        header.extend(["Latest", "Type"])
+
+    has_editables = any(x.editable for x in pkgs)
+    if has_editables:
+        header.append("Editable project location")
+
+    if options.verbose >= 1:
+        header.append("Location")
+    if options.verbose >= 1:
+        header.append("Installer")
+
+    data = []
+    for proj in pkgs:
+        # if we're working on the 'outdated' list, separate out the
+        # latest_version and type
+        row = [proj.raw_name, str(proj.version)]
+
+        if running_outdated:
+            row.append(str(proj.latest_version))
+            row.append(proj.latest_filetype)
+
+        if has_editables:
+            row.append(proj.editable_project_location or "")
+
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            row.append(proj.location or "")
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            row.append(proj.installer)
+
+        data.append(row)
+
+    return data, header
+
+
+def format_for_json(packages: "_ProcessedDists", options: Values) -> str:
+    data = []
+    for dist in packages:
+        info = {
+            "name": dist.raw_name,
+            "version": str(dist.version),
+        }
+        if options.verbose >= 1:
+            info["location"] = dist.location or ""
+            info["installer"] = dist.installer
+        if options.outdated:
+            info["latest_version"] = str(dist.latest_version)
+            info["latest_filetype"] = dist.latest_filetype
+        editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+        if editable_project_location:
+            info["editable_project_location"] = editable_project_location
+        data.append(info)
+    return json.dumps(data)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03ed925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import logging
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import xmlrpc.client
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import SessionCommandMixin
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import NO_MATCHES_FOUND, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.network.xmlrpc import PipXmlrpcTransport
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class TransformedHit(TypedDict):
+        name: str
+        summary: str
+        versions: List[str]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SearchCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """Search for PyPI packages whose name or summary contains <query>."""
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <query>"""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-i",
+            "--index",
+            dest="index",
+            metavar="URL",
+            default=PyPI.pypi_url,
+            help="Base URL of Python Package Index (default %default)",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            raise CommandError("Missing required argument (search query).")
+        query = args
+        pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
+        hits = transform_hits(pypi_hits)
+
+        terminal_width = None
+        if sys.stdout.isatty():
+            terminal_width = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0]
+
+        print_results(hits, terminal_width=terminal_width)
+        if pypi_hits:
+            return SUCCESS
+        return NO_MATCHES_FOUND
+
+    def search(self, query: List[str], options: Values) -> List[Dict[str, str]]:
+        index_url = options.index
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        transport = PipXmlrpcTransport(index_url, session)
+        pypi = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy(index_url, transport)
+        try:
+            hits = pypi.search({"name": query, "summary": query}, "or")
+        except xmlrpc.client.Fault as fault:
+            message = "XMLRPC request failed [code: {code}]\n{string}".format(
+                code=fault.faultCode,
+                string=fault.faultString,
+            )
+            raise CommandError(message)
+        assert isinstance(hits, list)
+        return hits
+
+
+def transform_hits(hits: List[Dict[str, str]]) -> List["TransformedHit"]:
+    """
+    The list from pypi is really a list of versions. We want a list of
+    packages with the list of versions stored inline. This converts the
+    list from pypi into one we can use.
+    """
+    packages: Dict[str, "TransformedHit"] = OrderedDict()
+    for hit in hits:
+        name = hit["name"]
+        summary = hit["summary"]
+        version = hit["version"]
+
+        if name not in packages.keys():
+            packages[name] = {
+                "name": name,
+                "summary": summary,
+                "versions": [version],
+            }
+        else:
+            packages[name]["versions"].append(version)
+
+            # if this is the highest version, replace summary and score
+            if version == highest_version(packages[name]["versions"]):
+                packages[name]["summary"] = summary
+
+    return list(packages.values())
+
+
+def print_dist_installation_info(name: str, latest: str) -> None:
+    env = get_default_environment()
+    dist = env.get_distribution(name)
+    if dist is not None:
+        with indent_log():
+            if dist.version == latest:
+                write_output("INSTALLED: %s (latest)", dist.version)
+            else:
+                write_output("INSTALLED: %s", dist.version)
+                if parse_version(latest).pre:
+                    write_output(
+                        "LATEST:    %s (pre-release; install"
+                        " with `pip install --pre`)",
+                        latest,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    write_output("LATEST:    %s", latest)
+
+
+def print_results(
+    hits: List["TransformedHit"],
+    name_column_width: Optional[int] = None,
+    terminal_width: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if not hits:
+        return
+    if name_column_width is None:
+        name_column_width = (
+            max(
+                [
+                    len(hit["name"]) + len(highest_version(hit.get("versions", ["-"])))
+                    for hit in hits
+                ]
+            )
+            + 4
+        )
+
+    for hit in hits:
+        name = hit["name"]
+        summary = hit["summary"] or ""
+        latest = highest_version(hit.get("versions", ["-"]))
+        if terminal_width is not None:
+            target_width = terminal_width - name_column_width - 5
+            if target_width > 10:
+                # wrap and indent summary to fit terminal
+                summary_lines = textwrap.wrap(summary, target_width)
+                summary = ("\n" + " " * (name_column_width + 3)).join(summary_lines)
+
+        name_latest = f"{name} ({latest})"
+        line = f"{name_latest:{name_column_width}} - {summary}"
+        try:
+            write_output(line)
+            print_dist_installation_info(name, latest)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            pass
+
+
+def highest_version(versions: List[str]) -> str:
+    return max(versions, key=parse_version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f10701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/show.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import Generator, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import write_output
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ShowCommand(Command):
+    """
+    Show information about one or more installed packages.
+
+    The output is in RFC-compliant mail header format.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <package> ..."""
+    ignore_require_venv = True
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-f",
+            "--files",
+            dest="files",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Show the full list of installed files for each package.",
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if not args:
+            logger.warning("ERROR: Please provide a package name or names.")
+            return ERROR
+        query = args
+
+        results = search_packages_info(query)
+        if not print_results(
+            results, list_files=options.files, verbose=options.verbose
+        ):
+            return ERROR
+        return SUCCESS
+
+
+class _PackageInfo(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    version: str
+    location: str
+    editable_project_location: Optional[str]
+    requires: List[str]
+    required_by: List[str]
+    installer: str
+    metadata_version: str
+    classifiers: List[str]
+    summary: str
+    homepage: str
+    project_urls: List[str]
+    author: str
+    author_email: str
+    license: str
+    entry_points: List[str]
+    files: Optional[List[str]]
+
+
+def search_packages_info(query: List[str]) -> Generator[_PackageInfo, None, None]:
+    """
+    Gather details from installed distributions. Print distribution name,
+    version, location, and installed files. Installed files requires a
+    pip generated 'installed-files.txt' in the distributions '.egg-info'
+    directory.
+    """
+    env = get_default_environment()
+
+    installed = {dist.canonical_name: dist for dist in env.iter_all_distributions()}
+    query_names = [canonicalize_name(name) for name in query]
+    missing = sorted(
+        [name for name, pkg in zip(query, query_names) if pkg not in installed]
+    )
+    if missing:
+        logger.warning("Package(s) not found: %s", ", ".join(missing))
+
+    def _get_requiring_packages(current_dist: BaseDistribution) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return (
+            dist.metadata["Name"] or "UNKNOWN"
+            for dist in installed.values()
+            if current_dist.canonical_name
+            in {canonicalize_name(d.name) for d in dist.iter_dependencies()}
+        )
+
+    for query_name in query_names:
+        try:
+            dist = installed[query_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        requires = sorted((req.name for req in dist.iter_dependencies()), key=str.lower)
+        required_by = sorted(_get_requiring_packages(dist), key=str.lower)
+
+        try:
+            entry_points_text = dist.read_text("entry_points.txt")
+            entry_points = entry_points_text.splitlines(keepends=False)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            entry_points = []
+
+        files_iter = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+        if files_iter is None:
+            files: Optional[List[str]] = None
+        else:
+            files = sorted(files_iter)
+
+        metadata = dist.metadata
+
+        yield _PackageInfo(
+            name=dist.raw_name,
+            version=str(dist.version),
+            location=dist.location or "",
+            editable_project_location=dist.editable_project_location,
+            requires=requires,
+            required_by=required_by,
+            installer=dist.installer,
+            metadata_version=dist.metadata_version or "",
+            classifiers=metadata.get_all("Classifier", []),
+            summary=metadata.get("Summary", ""),
+            homepage=metadata.get("Home-page", ""),
+            project_urls=metadata.get_all("Project-URL", []),
+            author=metadata.get("Author", ""),
+            author_email=metadata.get("Author-email", ""),
+            license=metadata.get("License", ""),
+            entry_points=entry_points,
+            files=files,
+        )
+
+
+def print_results(
+    distributions: Iterable[_PackageInfo],
+    list_files: bool,
+    verbose: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Print the information from installed distributions found.
+    """
+    results_printed = False
+    for i, dist in enumerate(distributions):
+        results_printed = True
+        if i > 0:
+            write_output("---")
+
+        write_output("Name: %s", dist.name)
+        write_output("Version: %s", dist.version)
+        write_output("Summary: %s", dist.summary)
+        write_output("Home-page: %s", dist.homepage)
+        write_output("Author: %s", dist.author)
+        write_output("Author-email: %s", dist.author_email)
+        write_output("License: %s", dist.license)
+        write_output("Location: %s", dist.location)
+        if dist.editable_project_location is not None:
+            write_output(
+                "Editable project location: %s", dist.editable_project_location
+            )
+        write_output("Requires: %s", ", ".join(dist.requires))
+        write_output("Required-by: %s", ", ".join(dist.required_by))
+
+        if verbose:
+            write_output("Metadata-Version: %s", dist.metadata_version)
+            write_output("Installer: %s", dist.installer)
+            write_output("Classifiers:")
+            for classifier in dist.classifiers:
+                write_output("  %s", classifier)
+            write_output("Entry-points:")
+            for entry in dist.entry_points:
+                write_output("  %s", entry.strip())
+            write_output("Project-URLs:")
+            for project_url in dist.project_urls:
+                write_output("  %s", project_url)
+        if list_files:
+            write_output("Files:")
+            if dist.files is None:
+                write_output("Cannot locate RECORD or installed-files.txt")
+            else:
+                for line in dist.files:
+                    write_output("  %s", line.strip())
+    return results_printed
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f198fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/uninstall.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import logging
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.base_command import Command
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import SessionCommandMixin, warn_if_run_as_root
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.req import parse_requirements
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_line,
+    install_req_from_parsed_requirement,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    check_externally_managed,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UninstallCommand(Command, SessionCommandMixin):
+    """
+    Uninstall packages.
+
+    pip is able to uninstall most installed packages. Known exceptions are:
+
+    - Pure distutils packages installed with ``python setup.py install``, which
+      leave behind no metadata to determine what files were installed.
+    - Script wrappers installed by ``python setup.py develop``.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <package> ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-r",
+            "--requirement",
+            dest="requirements",
+            action="append",
+            default=[],
+            metavar="file",
+            help=(
+                "Uninstall all the packages listed in the given requirements "
+                "file.  This option can be used multiple times."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-y",
+            "--yes",
+            dest="yes",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Don't ask for confirmation of uninstall deletions.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.override_externally_managed())
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        reqs_to_uninstall = {}
+        for name in args:
+            req = install_req_from_line(
+                name,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            if req.name:
+                reqs_to_uninstall[canonicalize_name(req.name)] = req
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Invalid requirement: %r ignored -"
+                    " the uninstall command expects named"
+                    " requirements.",
+                    name,
+                )
+        for filename in options.requirements:
+            for parsed_req in parse_requirements(
+                filename, options=options, session=session
+            ):
+                req = install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+                    parsed_req, isolated=options.isolated_mode
+                )
+                if req.name:
+                    reqs_to_uninstall[canonicalize_name(req.name)] = req
+        if not reqs_to_uninstall:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"You must give at least one requirement to {self.name} (see "
+                f'"pip help {self.name}")'
+            )
+
+        if not options.override_externally_managed:
+            check_externally_managed()
+
+        protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(
+            modifying_pip="pip" in reqs_to_uninstall
+        )
+
+        for req in reqs_to_uninstall.values():
+            uninstall_pathset = req.uninstall(
+                auto_confirm=options.yes,
+                verbose=self.verbosity > 0,
+            )
+            if uninstall_pathset:
+                uninstall_pathset.commit()
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed578aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import RequirementCommand, with_cleanup
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_legacy_setup_py_options,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import build, should_build_for_wheel_command
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class WheelCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Build Wheel archives for your requirements and dependencies.
+
+    Wheel is a built-package format, and offers the advantage of not
+    recompiling your software during every install. For more details, see the
+    wheel docs: https://wheel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+    'pip wheel' uses the build system interface as described here:
+    https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/build-system/
+
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-w",
+            "--wheel-dir",
+            dest="wheel_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=os.curdir,
+            help=(
+                "Build wheels into <dir>, where the default is the "
+                "current working directory."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-verify",
+            dest="no_verify",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help="Don't verify if built wheel is valid.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.build_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--pre",
+            action="store_true",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
+                "pip only finds stable versions."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(options, session)
+
+        options.wheel_dir = normalize_path(options.wheel_dir)
+        ensure_dir(options.wheel_dir)
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="wheel",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+        check_legacy_setup_py_options(options, reqs)
+
+        wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir)
+
+        preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+            temp_build_dir=directory,
+            options=options,
+            build_tracker=build_tracker,
+            session=session,
+            finder=finder,
+            download_dir=options.wheel_dir,
+            use_user_site=False,
+            verbosity=self.verbosity,
+        )
+
+        resolver = self.make_resolver(
+            preparer=preparer,
+            finder=finder,
+            options=options,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+            use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+        )
+
+        self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+        requirement_set = resolver.resolve(reqs, check_supported_wheels=True)
+
+        reqs_to_build: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirement_set.requirements.values():
+            if req.is_wheel:
+                preparer.save_linked_requirement(req)
+            elif should_build_for_wheel_command(req):
+                reqs_to_build.append(req)
+
+        preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(requirement_set.requirements.values())
+        requirement_set.warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers()
+
+        # build wheels
+        build_successes, build_failures = build(
+            reqs_to_build,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            verify=(not options.no_verify),
+            build_options=options.build_options or [],
+            global_options=options.global_options or [],
+        )
+        for req in build_successes:
+            assert req.link and req.link.is_wheel
+            assert req.local_file_path
+            # copy from cache to target directory
+            try:
+                shutil.copy(req.local_file_path, options.wheel_dir)
+            except OSError as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
+                    req.name,
+                    e,
+                )
+                build_failures.append(req)
+        if len(build_failures) != 0:
+            raise CommandError("Failed to build one or more wheels")
+
+        return SUCCESS
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c25273d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+"""Configuration management setup
+
+Some terminology:
+- name
+  As written in config files.
+- value
+  Value associated with a name
+- key
+  Name combined with it's section (section.name)
+- variant
+  A single word describing where the configuration key-value pair came from
+"""
+
+import configparser
+import locale
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, NewType, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    ConfigurationError,
+    ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, enum
+
+RawConfigParser = configparser.RawConfigParser  # Shorthand
+Kind = NewType("Kind", str)
+
+CONFIG_BASENAME = "pip.ini" if WINDOWS else "pip.conf"
+ENV_NAMES_IGNORED = "version", "help"
+
+# The kinds of configurations there are.
+kinds = enum(
+    USER="user",  # User Specific
+    GLOBAL="global",  # System Wide
+    SITE="site",  # [Virtual] Environment Specific
+    ENV="env",  # from PIP_CONFIG_FILE
+    ENV_VAR="env-var",  # from Environment Variables
+)
+OVERRIDE_ORDER = kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.USER, kinds.SITE, kinds.ENV, kinds.ENV_VAR
+VALID_LOAD_ONLY = kinds.USER, kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.SITE
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# NOTE: Maybe use the optionx attribute to normalize keynames.
+def _normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """Make a name consistent regardless of source (environment or file)"""
+    name = name.lower().replace("_", "-")
+    if name.startswith("--"):
+        name = name[2:]  # only prefer long opts
+    return name
+
+
+def _disassemble_key(name: str) -> List[str]:
+    if "." not in name:
+        error_message = (
+            "Key does not contain dot separated section and key. "
+            f"Perhaps you wanted to use 'global.{name}' instead?"
+        )
+        raise ConfigurationError(error_message)
+    return name.split(".", 1)
+
+
+def get_configuration_files() -> Dict[Kind, List[str]]:
+    global_config_files = [
+        os.path.join(path, CONFIG_BASENAME) for path in appdirs.site_config_dirs("pip")
+    ]
+
+    site_config_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, CONFIG_BASENAME)
+    legacy_config_file = os.path.join(
+        os.path.expanduser("~"),
+        "pip" if WINDOWS else ".pip",
+        CONFIG_BASENAME,
+    )
+    new_config_file = os.path.join(appdirs.user_config_dir("pip"), CONFIG_BASENAME)
+    return {
+        kinds.GLOBAL: global_config_files,
+        kinds.SITE: [site_config_file],
+        kinds.USER: [legacy_config_file, new_config_file],
+    }
+
+
+class Configuration:
+    """Handles management of configuration.
+
+    Provides an interface to accessing and managing configuration files.
+
+    This class converts provides an API that takes "section.key-name" style
+    keys and stores the value associated with it as "key-name" under the
+    section "section".
+
+    This allows for a clean interface wherein the both the section and the
+    key-name are preserved in an easy to manage form in the configuration files
+    and the data stored is also nice.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, isolated: bool, load_only: Optional[Kind] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if load_only is not None and load_only not in VALID_LOAD_ONLY:
+            raise ConfigurationError(
+                "Got invalid value for load_only - should be one of {}".format(
+                    ", ".join(map(repr, VALID_LOAD_ONLY))
+                )
+            )
+        self.isolated = isolated
+        self.load_only = load_only
+
+        # Because we keep track of where we got the data from
+        self._parsers: Dict[Kind, List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]]] = {
+            variant: [] for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        }
+        self._config: Dict[Kind, Dict[str, Any]] = {
+            variant: {} for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        }
+        self._modified_parsers: List[Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]] = []
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from configuration files and environment"""
+        self._load_config_files()
+        if not self.isolated:
+            self._load_environment_vars()
+
+    def get_file_to_edit(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the file with highest priority in configuration"""
+        assert self.load_only is not None, "Need to be specified a file to be editing"
+
+        try:
+            return self._get_parser_to_modify()[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+
+    def items(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
+        """Returns key-value pairs like dict.items() representing the loaded
+        configuration
+        """
+        return self._dictionary.items()
+
+    def get_value(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        """Get a value from the configuration."""
+        orig_key = key
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        try:
+            return self._dictionary[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            # disassembling triggers a more useful error message than simply
+            # "No such key" in the case that the key isn't in the form command.option
+            _disassemble_key(key)
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"No such key - {orig_key}")
+
+    def set_value(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Modify a value in the configuration."""
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        assert self.load_only
+        fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
+
+        if parser is not None:
+            section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
+
+            # Modify the parser and the configuration
+            if not parser.has_section(section):
+                parser.add_section(section)
+            parser.set(section, name, value)
+
+        self._config[self.load_only][key] = value
+        self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
+
+    def unset_value(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """Unset a value in the configuration."""
+        orig_key = key
+        key = _normalize_name(key)
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        assert self.load_only
+        if key not in self._config[self.load_only]:
+            raise ConfigurationError(f"No such key - {orig_key}")
+
+        fname, parser = self._get_parser_to_modify()
+
+        if parser is not None:
+            section, name = _disassemble_key(key)
+            if not (
+                parser.has_section(section) and parser.remove_option(section, name)
+            ):
+                # The option was not removed.
+                raise ConfigurationError(
+                    "Fatal Internal error [id=1]. Please report as a bug."
+                )
+
+            # The section may be empty after the option was removed.
+            if not parser.items(section):
+                parser.remove_section(section)
+            self._mark_as_modified(fname, parser)
+
+        del self._config[self.load_only][key]
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        """Save the current in-memory state."""
+        self._ensure_have_load_only()
+
+        for fname, parser in self._modified_parsers:
+            logger.info("Writing to %s", fname)
+
+            # Ensure directory exists.
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(fname))
+
+            # Ensure directory's permission(need to be writeable)
+            try:
+                with open(fname, "w") as f:
+                    parser.write(f)
+            except OSError as error:
+                raise ConfigurationError(
+                    f"An error occurred while writing to the configuration file "
+                    f"{fname}: {error}"
+                )
+
+    #
+    # Private routines
+    #
+
+    def _ensure_have_load_only(self) -> None:
+        if self.load_only is None:
+            raise ConfigurationError("Needed a specific file to be modifying.")
+        logger.debug("Will be working with %s variant only", self.load_only)
+
+    @property
+    def _dictionary(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """A dictionary representing the loaded configuration."""
+        # NOTE: Dictionaries are not populated if not loaded. So, conditionals
+        #       are not needed here.
+        retval = {}
+
+        for variant in OVERRIDE_ORDER:
+            retval.update(self._config[variant])
+
+        return retval
+
+    def _load_config_files(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from configuration files"""
+        config_files = dict(self.iter_config_files())
+        if config_files[kinds.ENV][0:1] == [os.devnull]:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Skipping loading configuration files due to "
+                "environment's PIP_CONFIG_FILE being os.devnull"
+            )
+            return
+
+        for variant, files in config_files.items():
+            for fname in files:
+                # If there's specific variant set in `load_only`, load only
+                # that variant, not the others.
+                if self.load_only is not None and variant != self.load_only:
+                    logger.debug("Skipping file '%s' (variant: %s)", fname, variant)
+                    continue
+
+                parser = self._load_file(variant, fname)
+
+                # Keeping track of the parsers used
+                self._parsers[variant].append((fname, parser))
+
+    def _load_file(self, variant: Kind, fname: str) -> RawConfigParser:
+        logger.verbose("For variant '%s', will try loading '%s'", variant, fname)
+        parser = self._construct_parser(fname)
+
+        for section in parser.sections():
+            items = parser.items(section)
+            self._config[variant].update(self._normalized_keys(section, items))
+
+        return parser
+
+    def _construct_parser(self, fname: str) -> RawConfigParser:
+        parser = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        # If there is no such file, don't bother reading it but create the
+        # parser anyway, to hold the data.
+        # Doing this is useful when modifying and saving files, where we don't
+        # need to construct a parser.
+        if os.path.exists(fname):
+            locale_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+            try:
+                parser.read(fname, encoding=locale_encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4963
+                raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(
+                    reason=f"contains invalid {locale_encoding} characters",
+                    fname=fname,
+                )
+            except configparser.Error as error:
+                # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4893
+                raise ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(error=error)
+        return parser
+
+    def _load_environment_vars(self) -> None:
+        """Loads configuration from environment variables"""
+        self._config[kinds.ENV_VAR].update(
+            self._normalized_keys(":env:", self.get_environ_vars())
+        )
+
+    def _normalized_keys(
+        self, section: str, items: Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Normalizes items to construct a dictionary with normalized keys.
+
+        This routine is where the names become keys and are made the same
+        regardless of source - configuration files or environment.
+        """
+        normalized = {}
+        for name, val in items:
+            key = section + "." + _normalize_name(name)
+            normalized[key] = val
+        return normalized
+
+    def get_environ_vars(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Returns a generator with all environmental vars with prefix PIP_"""
+        for key, val in os.environ.items():
+            if key.startswith("PIP_"):
+                name = key[4:].lower()
+                if name not in ENV_NAMES_IGNORED:
+                    yield name, val
+
+    # XXX: This is patched in the tests.
+    def iter_config_files(self) -> Iterable[Tuple[Kind, List[str]]]:
+        """Yields variant and configuration files associated with it.
+
+        This should be treated like items of a dictionary. The order
+        here doesn't affect what gets overridden. That is controlled
+        by OVERRIDE_ORDER. However this does control the order they are
+        displayed to the user. It's probably most ergononmic to display
+        things in the same order as OVERRIDE_ORDER
+        """
+        # SMELL: Move the conditions out of this function
+
+        env_config_file = os.environ.get("PIP_CONFIG_FILE", None)
+        config_files = get_configuration_files()
+
+        yield kinds.GLOBAL, config_files[kinds.GLOBAL]
+
+        # per-user config is not loaded when env_config_file exists
+        should_load_user_config = not self.isolated and not (
+            env_config_file and os.path.exists(env_config_file)
+        )
+        if should_load_user_config:
+            # The legacy config file is overridden by the new config file
+            yield kinds.USER, config_files[kinds.USER]
+
+        # virtualenv config
+        yield kinds.SITE, config_files[kinds.SITE]
+
+        if env_config_file is not None:
+            yield kinds.ENV, [env_config_file]
+        else:
+            yield kinds.ENV, []
+
+    def get_values_in_config(self, variant: Kind) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get values present in a config file"""
+        return self._config[variant]
+
+    def _get_parser_to_modify(self) -> Tuple[str, RawConfigParser]:
+        # Determine which parser to modify
+        assert self.load_only
+        parsers = self._parsers[self.load_only]
+        if not parsers:
+            # This should not happen if everything works correctly.
+            raise ConfigurationError(
+                "Fatal Internal error [id=2]. Please report as a bug."
+            )
+
+        # Use the highest priority parser.
+        return parsers[-1]
+
+    # XXX: This is patched in the tests.
+    def _mark_as_modified(self, fname: str, parser: RawConfigParser) -> None:
+        file_parser_tuple = (fname, parser)
+        if file_parser_tuple not in self._modified_parsers:
+            self._modified_parsers.append(file_parser_tuple)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._dictionary!r})"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a89a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.distributions.sdist import SourceDistribution
+from pip._internal.distributions.wheel import WheelDistribution
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+
+def make_distribution_for_install_requirement(
+    install_req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> AbstractDistribution:
+    """Returns a Distribution for the given InstallRequirement"""
+    # Editable requirements will always be source distributions. They use the
+    # legacy logic until we create a modern standard for them.
+    if install_req.editable:
+        return SourceDistribution(install_req)
+
+    # If it's a wheel, it's a WheelDistribution
+    if install_req.is_wheel:
+        return WheelDistribution(install_req)
+
+    # Otherwise, a SourceDistribution
+    return SourceDistribution(install_req)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fb0d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import abc
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
+
+
+class AbstractDistribution(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    """A base class for handling installable artifacts.
+
+    The requirements for anything installable are as follows:
+
+     - we must be able to determine the requirement name
+       (or we can't correctly handle the non-upgrade case).
+
+     - for packages with setup requirements, we must also be able
+       to determine their requirements without installing additional
+       packages (for the same reason as run-time dependencies)
+
+     - we must be able to create a Distribution object exposing the
+       above metadata.
+
+     - if we need to do work in the build tracker, we must be able to generate a unique
+       string to identify the requirement in the build tracker.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.req = req
+
+    @abc.abstractproperty
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """A string that uniquely identifies this requirement to the build tracker.
+
+        If None, then this dist has no work to do in the build tracker, and
+        ``.prepare_distribution_metadata()`` will not be called."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab8d53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/installed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+
+
+class InstalledDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents an installed package.
+
+    This does not need any preparation as the required information has already
+    been computed.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        assert self.req.satisfied_by is not None, "not actually installed"
+        return self.req.satisfied_by
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15ff42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/sdist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import logging
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SourceDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents a source distribution.
+
+    The preparation step for these needs metadata for the packages to be
+    generated, either using PEP 517 or using the legacy `setup.py egg_info`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Identify this requirement uniquely by its link."""
+        assert self.req.link
+        return self.req.link.url_without_fragment
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        return self.req.get_dist()
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Load pyproject.toml, to determine whether PEP 517 is to be used
+        self.req.load_pyproject_toml()
+
+        # Set up the build isolation, if this requirement should be isolated
+        should_isolate = self.req.use_pep517 and build_isolation
+        if should_isolate:
+            # Setup an isolated environment and install the build backend static
+            # requirements in it.
+            self._prepare_build_backend(finder)
+            # Check that if the requirement is editable, it either supports PEP 660 or
+            # has a setup.py or a setup.cfg. This cannot be done earlier because we need
+            # to setup the build backend to verify it supports build_editable, nor can
+            # it be done later, because we want to avoid installing build requirements
+            # needlessly. Doing it here also works around setuptools generating
+            # UNKNOWN.egg-info when running get_requires_for_build_wheel on a directory
+            # without setup.py nor setup.cfg.
+            self.req.isolated_editable_sanity_check()
+            # Install the dynamic build requirements.
+            self._install_build_reqs(finder)
+        # Check if the current environment provides build dependencies
+        should_check_deps = self.req.use_pep517 and check_build_deps
+        if should_check_deps:
+            pyproject_requires = self.req.pyproject_requires
+            assert pyproject_requires is not None
+            conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(
+                pyproject_requires
+            )
+            if conflicting:
+                self._raise_conflicts("the backend dependencies", conflicting)
+            if missing:
+                self._raise_missing_reqs(missing)
+        self.req.prepare_metadata()
+
+    def _prepare_build_backend(self, finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        # Isolate in a BuildEnvironment and install the build-time
+        # requirements.
+        pyproject_requires = self.req.pyproject_requires
+        assert pyproject_requires is not None
+
+        self.req.build_env = BuildEnvironment()
+        self.req.build_env.install_requirements(
+            finder, pyproject_requires, "overlay", kind="build dependencies"
+        )
+        conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(
+            self.req.requirements_to_check
+        )
+        if conflicting:
+            self._raise_conflicts("PEP 517/518 supported requirements", conflicting)
+        if missing:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Missing build requirements in pyproject.toml for %s.",
+                self.req,
+            )
+            logger.warning(
+                "The project does not specify a build backend, and "
+                "pip cannot fall back to setuptools without %s.",
+                " and ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing))),
+            )
+
+    def _get_build_requires_wheel(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        with self.req.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message("Getting requirements to build wheel")
+            backend = self.req.pep517_backend
+            assert backend is not None
+            with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel()
+
+    def _get_build_requires_editable(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        with self.req.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+                "Getting requirements to build editable"
+            )
+            backend = self.req.pep517_backend
+            assert backend is not None
+            with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return backend.get_requires_for_build_editable()
+
+    def _install_build_reqs(self, finder: PackageFinder) -> None:
+        # Install any extra build dependencies that the backend requests.
+        # This must be done in a second pass, as the pyproject.toml
+        # dependencies must be installed before we can call the backend.
+        if (
+            self.req.editable
+            and self.req.permit_editable_wheels
+            and self.req.supports_pyproject_editable()
+        ):
+            build_reqs = self._get_build_requires_editable()
+        else:
+            build_reqs = self._get_build_requires_wheel()
+        conflicting, missing = self.req.build_env.check_requirements(build_reqs)
+        if conflicting:
+            self._raise_conflicts("the backend dependencies", conflicting)
+        self.req.build_env.install_requirements(
+            finder, missing, "normal", kind="backend dependencies"
+        )
+
+    def _raise_conflicts(
+        self, conflicting_with: str, conflicting_reqs: Set[Tuple[str, str]]
+    ) -> None:
+        format_string = (
+            "Some build dependencies for {requirement} "
+            "conflict with {conflicting_with}: {description}."
+        )
+        error_message = format_string.format(
+            requirement=self.req,
+            conflicting_with=conflicting_with,
+            description=", ".join(
+                f"{installed} is incompatible with {wanted}"
+                for installed, wanted in sorted(conflicting_reqs)
+            ),
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(error_message)
+
+    def _raise_missing_reqs(self, missing: Set[str]) -> None:
+        format_string = (
+            "Some build dependencies for {requirement} are missing: {missing}."
+        )
+        error_message = format_string.format(
+            requirement=self.req, missing=", ".join(map(repr, sorted(missing)))
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(error_message)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb16e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/distributions/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    FilesystemWheel,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+
+
+class WheelDistribution(AbstractDistribution):
+    """Represents a wheel distribution.
+
+    This does not need any preparation as wheels can be directly unpacked.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def build_tracker_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    def get_metadata_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Loads the metadata from the wheel file into memory and returns a
+        Distribution that uses it, not relying on the wheel file or
+        requirement.
+        """
+        assert self.req.local_file_path, "Set as part of preparation during download"
+        assert self.req.name, "Wheels are never unnamed"
+        wheel = FilesystemWheel(self.req.local_file_path)
+        return get_wheel_distribution(wheel, canonicalize_name(self.req.name))
+
+    def prepare_distribution_metadata(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5007a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+"""Exceptions used throughout package.
+
+This module MUST NOT try to import from anything within `pip._internal` to
+operate. This is expected to be importable from any/all files within the
+subpackage and, thus, should not depend on them.
+"""
+
+import configparser
+import contextlib
+import locale
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+from itertools import chain, groupby, repeat
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+    from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+#
+# Scaffolding
+#
+def _is_kebab_case(s: str) -> bool:
+    return re.match(r"^[a-z]+(-[a-z]+)*$", s) is not None
+
+
+def _prefix_with_indent(
+    s: Union[Text, str],
+    console: Console,
+    *,
+    prefix: str,
+    indent: str,
+) -> Text:
+    if isinstance(s, Text):
+        text = s
+    else:
+        text = console.render_str(s)
+
+    return console.render_str(prefix, overflow="ignore") + console.render_str(
+        f"\n{indent}", overflow="ignore"
+    ).join(text.split(allow_blank=True))
+
+
+class PipError(Exception):
+    """The base pip error."""
+
+
+class DiagnosticPipError(PipError):
+    """An error, that presents diagnostic information to the user.
+
+    This contains a bunch of logic, to enable pretty presentation of our error
+    messages. Each error gets a unique reference. Each error can also include
+    additional context, a hint and/or a note -- which are presented with the
+    main error message in a consistent style.
+
+    This is adapted from the error output styling in `sphinx-theme-builder`.
+    """
+
+    reference: str
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        kind: 'Literal["error", "warning"]' = "error",
+        reference: Optional[str] = None,
+        message: Union[str, Text],
+        context: Optional[Union[str, Text]],
+        hint_stmt: Optional[Union[str, Text]],
+        note_stmt: Optional[Union[str, Text]] = None,
+        link: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Ensure a proper reference is provided.
+        if reference is None:
+            assert hasattr(self, "reference"), "error reference not provided!"
+            reference = self.reference
+        assert _is_kebab_case(reference), "error reference must be kebab-case!"
+
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.reference = reference
+
+        self.message = message
+        self.context = context
+
+        self.note_stmt = note_stmt
+        self.hint_stmt = hint_stmt
+
+        self.link = link
+
+        super().__init__(f"<{self.__class__.__name__}: {self.reference}>")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__}("
+            f"reference={self.reference!r}, "
+            f"message={self.message!r}, "
+            f"context={self.context!r}, "
+            f"note_stmt={self.note_stmt!r}, "
+            f"hint_stmt={self.hint_stmt!r}"
+            ")>"
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self,
+        console: Console,
+        options: ConsoleOptions,
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        colour = "red" if self.kind == "error" else "yellow"
+
+        yield f"[{colour} bold]{self.kind}[/]: [bold]{self.reference}[/]"
+        yield ""
+
+        if not options.ascii_only:
+            # Present the main message, with relevant context indented.
+            if self.context is not None:
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.message,
+                    console,
+                    prefix=f"[{colour}]×[/] ",
+                    indent=f"[{colour}]│[/] ",
+                )
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.context,
+                    console,
+                    prefix=f"[{colour}]╰─>[/] ",
+                    indent=f"[{colour}]   [/] ",
+                )
+            else:
+                yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                    self.message,
+                    console,
+                    prefix="[red]×[/] ",
+                    indent="  ",
+                )
+        else:
+            yield self.message
+            if self.context is not None:
+                yield ""
+                yield self.context
+
+        if self.note_stmt is not None or self.hint_stmt is not None:
+            yield ""
+
+        if self.note_stmt is not None:
+            yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                self.note_stmt,
+                console,
+                prefix="[magenta bold]note[/]: ",
+                indent="      ",
+            )
+        if self.hint_stmt is not None:
+            yield _prefix_with_indent(
+                self.hint_stmt,
+                console,
+                prefix="[cyan bold]hint[/]: ",
+                indent="      ",
+            )
+
+        if self.link is not None:
+            yield ""
+            yield f"Link: {self.link}"
+
+
+#
+# Actual Errors
+#
+class ConfigurationError(PipError):
+    """General exception in configuration"""
+
+
+class InstallationError(PipError):
+    """General exception during installation"""
+
+
+class UninstallationError(PipError):
+    """General exception during uninstallation"""
+
+
+class MissingPyProjectBuildRequires(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """Raised when pyproject.toml has `build-system`, but no `build-system.requires`."""
+
+    reference = "missing-pyproject-build-system-requires"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, package: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=f"Can not process {escape(package)}",
+            context=Text(
+                "This package has an invalid pyproject.toml file.\n"
+                "The [build-system] table is missing the mandatory `requires` key."
+            ),
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 518 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """Raised when pyproject.toml an invalid `build-system.requires`."""
+
+    reference = "invalid-pyproject-build-system-requires"
+
+    def __init__(self, *, package: str, reason: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=f"Can not process {escape(package)}",
+            context=Text(
+                "This package has an invalid `build-system.requires` key in "
+                f"pyproject.toml.\n{reason}"
+            ),
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 518 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+
+class NoneMetadataError(PipError):
+    """Raised when accessing a Distribution's "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO".
+
+    This signifies an inconsistency, when the Distribution claims to have
+    the metadata file (if not, raise ``FileNotFoundError`` instead), but is
+    not actually able to produce its content. This may be due to permission
+    errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: "BaseDistribution",
+        metadata_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param dist: A Distribution object.
+        :param metadata_name: The name of the metadata being accessed
+            (can be "METADATA" or "PKG-INFO").
+        """
+        self.dist = dist
+        self.metadata_name = metadata_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # Use `dist` in the error message because its stringification
+        # includes more information, like the version and location.
+        return f"None {self.metadata_name} metadata found for distribution: {self.dist}"
+
+
+class UserInstallationInvalid(InstallationError):
+    """A --user install is requested on an environment without user site."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "User base directory is not specified"
+
+
+class InvalidSchemeCombination(InstallationError):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        before = ", ".join(str(a) for a in self.args[:-1])
+        return f"Cannot set {before} and {self.args[-1]} together"
+
+
+class DistributionNotFound(InstallationError):
+    """Raised when a distribution cannot be found to satisfy a requirement"""
+
+
+class RequirementsFileParseError(InstallationError):
+    """Raised when a general error occurs parsing a requirements file line."""
+
+
+class BestVersionAlreadyInstalled(PipError):
+    """Raised when the most up-to-date version of a package is already
+    installed."""
+
+
+class BadCommand(PipError):
+    """Raised when virtualenv or a command is not found"""
+
+
+class CommandError(PipError):
+    """Raised when there is an error in command-line arguments"""
+
+
+class PreviousBuildDirError(PipError):
+    """Raised when there's a previous conflicting build directory"""
+
+
+class NetworkConnectionError(PipError):
+    """HTTP connection error"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_msg: str,
+        response: Optional[Response] = None,
+        request: Optional[Request] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Initialize NetworkConnectionError with  `request` and `response`
+        objects.
+        """
+        self.response = response
+        self.request = request
+        self.error_msg = error_msg
+        if (
+            self.response is not None
+            and not self.request
+            and hasattr(response, "request")
+        ):
+            self.request = self.response.request
+        super().__init__(error_msg, response, request)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.error_msg)
+
+
+class InvalidWheelFilename(InstallationError):
+    """Invalid wheel filename."""
+
+
+class UnsupportedWheel(InstallationError):
+    """Unsupported wheel."""
+
+
+class InvalidWheel(InstallationError):
+    """Invalid (e.g. corrupt) wheel."""
+
+    def __init__(self, location: str, name: str):
+        self.location = location
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Wheel '{self.name}' located at {self.location} is invalid."
+
+
+class MetadataInconsistent(InstallationError):
+    """Built metadata contains inconsistent information.
+
+    This is raised when the metadata contains values (e.g. name and version)
+    that do not match the information previously obtained from sdist filename,
+    user-supplied ``#egg=`` value, or an install requirement name.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, ireq: "InstallRequirement", field: str, f_val: str, m_val: str
+    ) -> None:
+        self.ireq = ireq
+        self.field = field
+        self.f_val = f_val
+        self.m_val = m_val
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"Requested {self.ireq} has inconsistent {self.field}: "
+            f"expected {self.f_val!r}, but metadata has {self.m_val!r}"
+        )
+
+
+class InstallationSubprocessError(DiagnosticPipError, InstallationError):
+    """A subprocess call failed."""
+
+    reference = "subprocess-exited-with-error"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        command_description: str,
+        exit_code: int,
+        output_lines: Optional[List[str]],
+    ) -> None:
+        if output_lines is None:
+            output_prompt = Text("See above for output.")
+        else:
+            output_prompt = (
+                Text.from_markup(f"[red][{len(output_lines)} lines of output][/]\n")
+                + Text("".join(output_lines))
+                + Text.from_markup(R"[red]\[end of output][/]")
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            message=(
+                f"[green]{escape(command_description)}[/] did not run successfully.\n"
+                f"exit code: {exit_code}"
+            ),
+            context=output_prompt,
+            hint_stmt=None,
+            note_stmt=(
+                "This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a "
+                "problem with pip."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.command_description = command_description
+        self.exit_code = exit_code
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.command_description} exited with {self.exit_code}"
+
+
+class MetadataGenerationFailed(InstallationSubprocessError, InstallationError):
+    reference = "metadata-generation-failed"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        package_details: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        super(InstallationSubprocessError, self).__init__(
+            message="Encountered error while generating package metadata.",
+            context=escape(package_details),
+            hint_stmt="See above for details.",
+            note_stmt="This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.",
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "metadata generation failed"
+
+
+class HashErrors(InstallationError):
+    """Multiple HashError instances rolled into one for reporting"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.errors: List["HashError"] = []
+
+    def append(self, error: "HashError") -> None:
+        self.errors.append(error)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        lines = []
+        self.errors.sort(key=lambda e: e.order)
+        for cls, errors_of_cls in groupby(self.errors, lambda e: e.__class__):
+            lines.append(cls.head)
+            lines.extend(e.body() for e in errors_of_cls)
+        if lines:
+            return "\n".join(lines)
+        return ""
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.errors)
+
+
+class HashError(InstallationError):
+    """
+    A failure to verify a package against known-good hashes
+
+    :cvar order: An int sorting hash exception classes by difficulty of
+        recovery (lower being harder), so the user doesn't bother fretting
+        about unpinned packages when he has deeper issues, like VCS
+        dependencies, to deal with. Also keeps error reports in a
+        deterministic order.
+    :cvar head: A section heading for display above potentially many
+        exceptions of this kind
+    :ivar req: The InstallRequirement that triggered this error. This is
+        pasted on after the exception is instantiated, because it's not
+        typically available earlier.
+
+    """
+
+    req: Optional["InstallRequirement"] = None
+    head = ""
+    order: int = -1
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        """Return a summary of me for display under the heading.
+
+        This default implementation simply prints a description of the
+        triggering requirement.
+
+        :param req: The InstallRequirement that provoked this error, with
+            its link already populated by the resolver's _populate_link().
+
+        """
+        return f"    {self._requirement_name()}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.head}\n{self.body()}"
+
+    def _requirement_name(self) -> str:
+        """Return a description of the requirement that triggered me.
+
+        This default implementation returns long description of the req, with
+        line numbers
+
+        """
+        return str(self.req) if self.req else "unknown package"
+
+
+class VcsHashUnsupported(HashError):
+    """A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
+    we don't have a method for hashing those."""
+
+    order = 0
+    head = (
+        "Can't verify hashes for these requirements because we don't "
+        "have a way to hash version control repositories:"
+    )
+
+
+class DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported(HashError):
+    """A hash was provided for a version-control-system-based requirement, but
+    we don't have a method for hashing those."""
+
+    order = 1
+    head = (
+        "Can't verify hashes for these file:// requirements because they "
+        "point to directories:"
+    )
+
+
+class HashMissing(HashError):
+    """A hash was needed for a requirement but is absent."""
+
+    order = 2
+    head = (
+        "Hashes are required in --require-hashes mode, but they are "
+        "missing from some requirements. Here is a list of those "
+        "requirements along with the hashes their downloaded archives "
+        "actually had. Add lines like these to your requirements files to "
+        "prevent tampering. (If you did not enable --require-hashes "
+        "manually, note that it turns on automatically when any package "
+        "has a hash.)"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, gotten_hash: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :param gotten_hash: The hash of the (possibly malicious) archive we
+            just downloaded
+        """
+        self.gotten_hash = gotten_hash
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        # Dodge circular import.
+        from pip._internal.utils.hashes import FAVORITE_HASH
+
+        package = None
+        if self.req:
+            # In the case of URL-based requirements, display the original URL
+            # seen in the requirements file rather than the package name,
+            # so the output can be directly copied into the requirements file.
+            package = (
+                self.req.original_link
+                if self.req.is_direct
+                # In case someone feeds something downright stupid
+                # to InstallRequirement's constructor.
+                else getattr(self.req, "req", None)
+            )
+        return "    {} --hash={}:{}".format(
+            package or "unknown package", FAVORITE_HASH, self.gotten_hash
+        )
+
+
+class HashUnpinned(HashError):
+    """A requirement had a hash specified but was not pinned to a specific
+    version."""
+
+    order = 3
+    head = (
+        "In --require-hashes mode, all requirements must have their "
+        "versions pinned with ==. These do not:"
+    )
+
+
+class HashMismatch(HashError):
+    """
+    Distribution file hash values don't match.
+
+    :ivar package_name: The name of the package that triggered the hash
+        mismatch. Feel free to write to this after the exception is raise to
+        improve its error message.
+
+    """
+
+    order = 4
+    head = (
+        "THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS "
+        "FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update "
+        "the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; "
+        "someone may have tampered with them."
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, allowed: Dict[str, List[str]], gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param allowed: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
+            hex digests
+        :param gots: A dict of algorithm names pointing to hashes we
+            actually got from the files under suspicion
+        """
+        self.allowed = allowed
+        self.gots = gots
+
+    def body(self) -> str:
+        return f"    {self._requirement_name()}:\n{self._hash_comparison()}"
+
+    def _hash_comparison(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a comparison of actual and expected hash values.
+
+        Example::
+
+               Expected sha256 abcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcdeabcde
+                            or 123451234512345123451234512345123451234512345
+                    Got        bcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdefbcdef
+
+        """
+
+        def hash_then_or(hash_name: str) -> "chain[str]":
+            # For now, all the decent hashes have 6-char names, so we can get
+            # away with hard-coding space literals.
+            return chain([hash_name], repeat("    or"))
+
+        lines: List[str] = []
+        for hash_name, expecteds in self.allowed.items():
+            prefix = hash_then_or(hash_name)
+            lines.extend((f"        Expected {next(prefix)} {e}") for e in expecteds)
+            lines.append(
+                f"             Got        {self.gots[hash_name].hexdigest()}\n"
+            )
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+class UnsupportedPythonVersion(InstallationError):
+    """Unsupported python version according to Requires-Python package
+    metadata."""
+
+
+class ConfigurationFileCouldNotBeLoaded(ConfigurationError):
+    """When there are errors while loading a configuration file"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        reason: str = "could not be loaded",
+        fname: Optional[str] = None,
+        error: Optional[configparser.Error] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(error)
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.fname = fname
+        self.error = error
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.fname is not None:
+            message_part = f" in {self.fname}."
+        else:
+            assert self.error is not None
+            message_part = f".\n{self.error}\n"
+        return f"Configuration file {self.reason}{message_part}"
+
+
+_DEFAULT_EXTERNALLY_MANAGED_ERROR = f"""\
+The Python environment under {sys.prefix} is managed externally, and may not be
+manipulated by the user. Please use specific tooling from the distributor of
+the Python installation to interact with this environment instead.
+"""
+
+
+class ExternallyManagedEnvironment(DiagnosticPipError):
+    """The current environment is externally managed.
+
+    This is raised when the current environment is externally managed, as
+    defined by `PEP 668`_. The ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED`` configuration is checked
+    and displayed when the error is bubbled up to the user.
+
+    :param error: The error message read from ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED``.
+    """
+
+    reference = "externally-managed-environment"
+
+    def __init__(self, error: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if error is None:
+            context = Text(_DEFAULT_EXTERNALLY_MANAGED_ERROR)
+        else:
+            context = Text(error)
+        super().__init__(
+            message="This environment is externally managed",
+            context=context,
+            note_stmt=(
+                "If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your "
+                "Python installation or OS distribution provider. "
+                "You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python "
+                "installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages."
+            ),
+            hint_stmt=Text("See PEP 668 for the detailed specification."),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _iter_externally_managed_error_keys() -> Iterator[str]:
+        # LC_MESSAGES is in POSIX, but not the C standard. The most common
+        # platform that does not implement this category is Windows, where
+        # using other categories for console message localization is equally
+        # unreliable, so we fall back to the locale-less vendor message. This
+        # can always be re-evaluated when a vendor proposes a new alternative.
+        try:
+            category = locale.LC_MESSAGES
+        except AttributeError:
+            lang: Optional[str] = None
+        else:
+            lang, _ = locale.getlocale(category)
+        if lang is not None:
+            yield f"Error-{lang}"
+            for sep in ("-", "_"):
+                before, found, _ = lang.partition(sep)
+                if not found:
+                    continue
+                yield f"Error-{before}"
+        yield "Error"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_config(
+        cls,
+        config: Union[pathlib.Path, str],
+    ) -> "ExternallyManagedEnvironment":
+        parser = configparser.ConfigParser(interpolation=None)
+        try:
+            parser.read(config, encoding="utf-8")
+            section = parser["externally-managed"]
+            for key in cls._iter_externally_managed_error_keys():
+                with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+                    return cls(section[key])
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError, configparser.ParsingError):
+            from pip._internal.utils._log import VERBOSE
+
+            exc_info = logger.isEnabledFor(VERBOSE)
+            logger.warning("Failed to read %s", config, exc_info=exc_info)
+        return cls(None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a17b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Index interaction code
+"""
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c8bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/collector.py
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+"""
+The main purpose of this module is to expose LinkCollector.collect_sources().
+"""
+
+import collections
+import email.message
+import functools
+import itertools
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from html.parser import HTMLParser
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    MutableMapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import requests
+from pip._vendor.requests import Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.exceptions import RetryError, SSLError
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import is_archive_file
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import redact_auth_from_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+from .sources import CandidatesFromPage, LinkSource, build_source
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+ResponseHeaders = MutableMapping[str, str]
+
+
+def _match_vcs_scheme(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Look for VCS schemes in the URL.
+
+    Returns the matched VCS scheme, or None if there's no match.
+    """
+    for scheme in vcs.schemes:
+        if url.lower().startswith(scheme) and url[len(scheme)] in "+:":
+            return scheme
+    return None
+
+
+class _NotAPIContent(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, content_type: str, request_desc: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content_type, request_desc)
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.request_desc = request_desc
+
+
+def _ensure_api_header(response: Response) -> None:
+    """
+    Check the Content-Type header to ensure the response contains a Simple
+    API Response.
+
+    Raises `_NotAPIContent` if the content type is not a valid content-type.
+    """
+    content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "Unknown")
+
+    content_type_l = content_type.lower()
+    if content_type_l.startswith(
+        (
+            "text/html",
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html",
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json",
+        )
+    ):
+        return
+
+    raise _NotAPIContent(content_type, response.request.method)
+
+
+class _NotHTTP(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _ensure_api_response(url: str, session: PipSession) -> None:
+    """
+    Send a HEAD request to the URL, and ensure the response contains a simple
+    API Response.
+
+    Raises `_NotHTTP` if the URL is not available for a HEAD request, or
+    `_NotAPIContent` if the content type is not a valid content type.
+    """
+    scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+    if scheme not in {"http", "https"}:
+        raise _NotHTTP()
+
+    resp = session.head(url, allow_redirects=True)
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+
+    _ensure_api_header(resp)
+
+
+def _get_simple_response(url: str, session: PipSession) -> Response:
+    """Access an Simple API response with GET, and return the response.
+
+    This consists of three parts:
+
+    1. If the URL looks suspiciously like an archive, send a HEAD first to
+       check the Content-Type is HTML or Simple API, to avoid downloading a
+       large file. Raise `_NotHTTP` if the content type cannot be determined, or
+       `_NotAPIContent` if it is not HTML or a Simple API.
+    2. Actually perform the request. Raise HTTP exceptions on network failures.
+    3. Check the Content-Type header to make sure we got a Simple API response,
+       and raise `_NotAPIContent` otherwise.
+    """
+    if is_archive_file(Link(url).filename):
+        _ensure_api_response(url, session=session)
+
+    logger.debug("Getting page %s", redact_auth_from_url(url))
+
+    resp = session.get(
+        url,
+        headers={
+            "Accept": ", ".join(
+                [
+                    "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json",
+                    "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html; q=0.1",
+                    "text/html; q=0.01",
+                ]
+            ),
+            # We don't want to blindly returned cached data for
+            # /simple/, because authors generally expecting that
+            # twine upload && pip install will function, but if
+            # they've done a pip install in the last ~10 minutes
+            # it won't. Thus by setting this to zero we will not
+            # blindly use any cached data, however the benefit of
+            # using max-age=0 instead of no-cache, is that we will
+            # still support conditional requests, so we will still
+            # minimize traffic sent in cases where the page hasn't
+            # changed at all, we will just always incur the round
+            # trip for the conditional GET now instead of only
+            # once per 10 minutes.
+            # For more information, please see pypa/pip#5670.
+            "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
+        },
+    )
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+
+    # The check for archives above only works if the url ends with
+    # something that looks like an archive. However that is not a
+    # requirement of an url. Unless we issue a HEAD request on every
+    # url we cannot know ahead of time for sure if something is a
+    # Simple API response or not. However we can check after we've
+    # downloaded it.
+    _ensure_api_header(resp)
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Fetched page %s as %s",
+        redact_auth_from_url(url),
+        resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "Unknown"),
+    )
+
+    return resp
+
+
+def _get_encoding_from_headers(headers: ResponseHeaders) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Determine if we have any encoding information in our headers."""
+    if headers and "Content-Type" in headers:
+        m = email.message.Message()
+        m["content-type"] = headers["Content-Type"]
+        charset = m.get_param("charset")
+        if charset:
+            return str(charset)
+    return None
+
+
+class CacheablePageContent:
+    def __init__(self, page: "IndexContent") -> None:
+        assert page.cache_link_parsing
+        self.page = page
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, type(self)) and self.page.url == other.page.url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.page.url)
+
+
+class ParseLinks(Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, page: "IndexContent") -> Iterable[Link]:
+        ...
+
+
+def with_cached_index_content(fn: ParseLinks) -> ParseLinks:
+    """
+    Given a function that parses an Iterable[Link] from an IndexContent, cache the
+    function's result (keyed by CacheablePageContent), unless the IndexContent
+    `page` has `page.cache_link_parsing == False`.
+    """
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def wrapper(cacheable_page: CacheablePageContent) -> List[Link]:
+        return list(fn(cacheable_page.page))
+
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapper_wrapper(page: "IndexContent") -> List[Link]:
+        if page.cache_link_parsing:
+            return wrapper(CacheablePageContent(page))
+        return list(fn(page))
+
+    return wrapper_wrapper
+
+
+@with_cached_index_content
+def parse_links(page: "IndexContent") -> Iterable[Link]:
+    """
+    Parse a Simple API's Index Content, and yield its anchor elements as Link objects.
+    """
+
+    content_type_l = page.content_type.lower()
+    if content_type_l.startswith("application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json"):
+        data = json.loads(page.content)
+        for file in data.get("files", []):
+            link = Link.from_json(file, page.url)
+            if link is None:
+                continue
+            yield link
+        return
+
+    parser = HTMLLinkParser(page.url)
+    encoding = page.encoding or "utf-8"
+    parser.feed(page.content.decode(encoding))
+
+    url = page.url
+    base_url = parser.base_url or url
+    for anchor in parser.anchors:
+        link = Link.from_element(anchor, page_url=url, base_url=base_url)
+        if link is None:
+            continue
+        yield link
+
+
+class IndexContent:
+    """Represents one response (or page), along with its URL"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: bytes,
+        content_type: str,
+        encoding: Optional[str],
+        url: str,
+        cache_link_parsing: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param encoding: the encoding to decode the given content.
+        :param url: the URL from which the HTML was downloaded.
+        :param cache_link_parsing: whether links parsed from this page's url
+                                   should be cached. PyPI index urls should
+                                   have this set to False, for example.
+        """
+        self.content = content
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.url = url
+        self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return redact_auth_from_url(self.url)
+
+
+class HTMLLinkParser(HTMLParser):
+    """
+    HTMLParser that keeps the first base HREF and a list of all anchor
+    elements' attributes.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(convert_charrefs=True)
+
+        self.url: str = url
+        self.base_url: Optional[str] = None
+        self.anchors: List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]] = []
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]) -> None:
+        if tag == "base" and self.base_url is None:
+            href = self.get_href(attrs)
+            if href is not None:
+                self.base_url = href
+        elif tag == "a":
+            self.anchors.append(dict(attrs))
+
+    def get_href(self, attrs: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]) -> Optional[str]:
+        for name, value in attrs:
+            if name == "href":
+                return value
+        return None
+
+
+def _handle_get_simple_fail(
+    link: Link,
+    reason: Union[str, Exception],
+    meth: Optional[Callable[..., None]] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if meth is None:
+        meth = logger.debug
+    meth("Could not fetch URL %s: %s - skipping", link, reason)
+
+
+def _make_index_content(
+    response: Response, cache_link_parsing: bool = True
+) -> IndexContent:
+    encoding = _get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
+    return IndexContent(
+        response.content,
+        response.headers["Content-Type"],
+        encoding=encoding,
+        url=response.url,
+        cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing,
+    )
+
+
+def _get_index_content(link: Link, *, session: PipSession) -> Optional["IndexContent"]:
+    url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+
+    # Check for VCS schemes that do not support lookup as web pages.
+    vcs_scheme = _match_vcs_scheme(url)
+    if vcs_scheme:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot look at %s URL %s because it does not support lookup as web pages.",
+            vcs_scheme,
+            link,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Tack index.html onto file:// URLs that point to directories
+    scheme, _, path, _, _, _ = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    if scheme == "file" and os.path.isdir(urllib.request.url2pathname(path)):
+        # add trailing slash if not present so urljoin doesn't trim
+        # final segment
+        if not url.endswith("/"):
+            url += "/"
+        # TODO: In the future, it would be nice if pip supported PEP 691
+        #       style responses in the file:// URLs, however there's no
+        #       standard file extension for application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json
+        #       so we'll need to come up with something on our own.
+        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, "index.html")
+        logger.debug(" file: URL is directory, getting %s", url)
+
+    try:
+        resp = _get_simple_response(url, session=session)
+    except _NotHTTP:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping page %s because it looks like an archive, and cannot "
+            "be checked by a HTTP HEAD request.",
+            link,
+        )
+    except _NotAPIContent as exc:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping page %s because the %s request got Content-Type: %s. "
+            "The only supported Content-Types are application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+json, "
+            "application/vnd.pypi.simple.v1+html, and text/html",
+            link,
+            exc.request_desc,
+            exc.content_type,
+        )
+    except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, exc)
+    except RetryError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, exc)
+    except SSLError as exc:
+        reason = "There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: "
+        reason += str(exc)
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, reason, meth=logger.info)
+    except requests.ConnectionError as exc:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, f"connection error: {exc}")
+    except requests.Timeout:
+        _handle_get_simple_fail(link, "timed out")
+    else:
+        return _make_index_content(resp, cache_link_parsing=link.cache_link_parsing)
+    return None
+
+
+class CollectedSources(NamedTuple):
+    find_links: Sequence[Optional[LinkSource]]
+    index_urls: Sequence[Optional[LinkSource]]
+
+
+class LinkCollector:
+
+    """
+    Responsible for collecting Link objects from all configured locations,
+    making network requests as needed.
+
+    The class's main method is its collect_sources() method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        search_scope: SearchScope,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.search_scope = search_scope
+        self.session = session
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        session: PipSession,
+        options: Values,
+        suppress_no_index: bool = False,
+    ) -> "LinkCollector":
+        """
+        :param session: The Session to use to make requests.
+        :param suppress_no_index: Whether to ignore the --no-index option
+            when constructing the SearchScope object.
+        """
+        index_urls = [options.index_url] + options.extra_index_urls
+        if options.no_index and not suppress_no_index:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ignoring indexes: %s",
+                ",".join(redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in index_urls),
+            )
+            index_urls = []
+
+        # Make sure find_links is a list before passing to create().
+        find_links = options.find_links or []
+
+        search_scope = SearchScope.create(
+            find_links=find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=options.no_index,
+        )
+        link_collector = LinkCollector(
+            session=session,
+            search_scope=search_scope,
+        )
+        return link_collector
+
+    @property
+    def find_links(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.search_scope.find_links
+
+    def fetch_response(self, location: Link) -> Optional[IndexContent]:
+        """
+        Fetch an HTML page containing package links.
+        """
+        return _get_index_content(location, session=self.session)
+
+    def collect_sources(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+    ) -> CollectedSources:
+        # The OrderedDict calls deduplicate sources by URL.
+        index_url_sources = collections.OrderedDict(
+            build_source(
+                loc,
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                page_validator=self.session.is_secure_origin,
+                expand_dir=False,
+                cache_link_parsing=False,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+            for loc in self.search_scope.get_index_urls_locations(project_name)
+        ).values()
+        find_links_sources = collections.OrderedDict(
+            build_source(
+                loc,
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                page_validator=self.session.is_secure_origin,
+                expand_dir=True,
+                cache_link_parsing=True,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+            for loc in self.find_links
+        ).values()
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            lines = [
+                f"* {s.link}"
+                for s in itertools.chain(find_links_sources, index_url_sources)
+                if s is not None and s.link is not None
+            ]
+            lines = [
+                f"{len(lines)} location(s) to search "
+                f"for versions of {project_name}:"
+            ] + lines
+            logger.debug("\n".join(lines))
+
+        return CollectedSources(
+            find_links=list(find_links_sources),
+            index_urls=list(index_url_sources),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec9ebc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@
+"""Routines related to PyPI, indexes"""
+
+import enum
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, FrozenSet, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import _BaseVersion
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InvalidWheelFilename,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector, parse_links
+from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils._log import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import build_netloc
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import TypeGuard
+
+__all__ = ["FormatControl", "BestCandidateResult", "PackageFinder"]
+
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
+CandidateSortingKey = Tuple[int, int, int, _BaseVersion, Optional[int], BuildTag]
+
+
+def _check_link_requires_python(
+    link: Link,
+    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the given Python version is compatible with a link's
+    "Requires-Python" value.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check.
+    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
+        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.
+    """
+    try:
+        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
+            link.requires_python,
+            version_info=version_info,
+        )
+    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ignoring invalid Requires-Python (%r) for link: %s",
+            link.requires_python,
+            link,
+        )
+    else:
+        if not is_compatible:
+            version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
+            if not ignore_requires_python:
+                logger.verbose(
+                    "Link requires a different Python (%s not in: %r): %s",
+                    version,
+                    link.requires_python,
+                    link,
+                )
+                return False
+
+            logger.debug(
+                "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check (%s not in: %r) for link: %s",
+                version,
+                link.requires_python,
+                link,
+            )
+
+    return True
+
+
+class LinkType(enum.Enum):
+    candidate = enum.auto()
+    different_project = enum.auto()
+    yanked = enum.auto()
+    format_unsupported = enum.auto()
+    format_invalid = enum.auto()
+    platform_mismatch = enum.auto()
+    requires_python_mismatch = enum.auto()
+
+
+class LinkEvaluator:
+
+    """
+    Responsible for evaluating links for a particular project.
+    """
+
+    _py_version_re = re.compile(r"-py([123]\.?[0-9]?)$")
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        canonical_name: str,
+        formats: FrozenSet[str],
+        target_python: TargetPython,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param project_name: The user supplied package name.
+        :param canonical_name: The canonical package name.
+        :param formats: The formats allowed for this package. Should be a set
+            with 'binary' or 'source' or both in it.
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            evaluating link compatibility. This is used, for example, to
+            check wheel compatibility, as well as when checking the Python
+            version, e.g. the Python version embedded in a link filename
+            (or egg fragment) and against an HTML link's optional PEP 503
+            "data-requires-python" attribute.
+        :param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
+            of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            PEP 503 "data-requires-python" values in HTML links. Defaults
+            to False.
+        """
+        if ignore_requires_python is None:
+            ignore_requires_python = False
+
+        self._allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self._canonical_name = canonical_name
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self._formats = formats
+        self._target_python = target_python
+
+        self.project_name = project_name
+
+    def evaluate_link(self, link: Link) -> Tuple[LinkType, str]:
+        """
+        Determine whether a link is a candidate for installation.
+
+        :return: A tuple (result, detail), where *result* is an enum
+            representing whether the evaluation found a candidate, or the reason
+            why one is not found. If a candidate is found, *detail* will be the
+            candidate's version string; if one is not found, it contains the
+            reason the link fails to qualify.
+        """
+        version = None
+        if link.is_yanked and not self._allow_yanked:
+            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
+            return (LinkType.yanked, f"yanked for reason: {reason}")
+
+        if link.egg_fragment:
+            egg_info = link.egg_fragment
+            ext = link.ext
+        else:
+            egg_info, ext = link.splitext()
+            if not ext:
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, "not a file")
+            if ext not in SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS:
+                return (
+                    LinkType.format_unsupported,
+                    f"unsupported archive format: {ext}",
+                )
+            if "binary" not in self._formats and ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+                reason = f"No binaries permitted for {self.project_name}"
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, reason)
+            if "macosx10" in link.path and ext == ".zip":
+                return (LinkType.format_unsupported, "macosx10 one")
+            if ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+                try:
+                    wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+                except InvalidWheelFilename:
+                    return (
+                        LinkType.format_invalid,
+                        "invalid wheel filename",
+                    )
+                if canonicalize_name(wheel.name) != self._canonical_name:
+                    reason = f"wrong project name (not {self.project_name})"
+                    return (LinkType.different_project, reason)
+
+                supported_tags = self._target_python.get_unsorted_tags()
+                if not wheel.supported(supported_tags):
+                    # Include the wheel's tags in the reason string to
+                    # simplify troubleshooting compatibility issues.
+                    file_tags = ", ".join(wheel.get_formatted_file_tags())
+                    reason = (
+                        f"none of the wheel's tags ({file_tags}) are compatible "
+                        f"(run pip debug --verbose to show compatible tags)"
+                    )
+                    return (LinkType.platform_mismatch, reason)
+
+                version = wheel.version
+
+        # This should be up by the self.ok_binary check, but see issue 2700.
+        if "source" not in self._formats and ext != WHEEL_EXTENSION:
+            reason = f"No sources permitted for {self.project_name}"
+            return (LinkType.format_unsupported, reason)
+
+        if not version:
+            version = _extract_version_from_fragment(
+                egg_info,
+                self._canonical_name,
+            )
+        if not version:
+            reason = f"Missing project version for {self.project_name}"
+            return (LinkType.format_invalid, reason)
+
+        match = self._py_version_re.search(version)
+        if match:
+            version = version[: match.start()]
+            py_version = match.group(1)
+            if py_version != self._target_python.py_version:
+                return (
+                    LinkType.platform_mismatch,
+                    "Python version is incorrect",
+                )
+
+        supports_python = _check_link_requires_python(
+            link,
+            version_info=self._target_python.py_version_info,
+            ignore_requires_python=self._ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        if not supports_python:
+            reason = f"{version} Requires-Python {link.requires_python}"
+            return (LinkType.requires_python_mismatch, reason)
+
+        logger.debug("Found link %s, version: %s", link, version)
+
+        return (LinkType.candidate, version)
+
+
+def filter_unallowed_hashes(
+    candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes],
+    project_name: str,
+) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+    """
+    Filter out candidates whose hashes aren't allowed, and return a new
+    list of candidates.
+
+    If at least one candidate has an allowed hash, then all candidates with
+    either an allowed hash or no hash specified are returned.  Otherwise,
+    the given candidates are returned.
+
+    Including the candidates with no hash specified when there is a match
+    allows a warning to be logged if there is a more preferred candidate
+    with no hash specified.  Returning all candidates in the case of no
+    matches lets pip report the hash of the candidate that would otherwise
+    have been installed (e.g. permitting the user to more easily update
+    their requirements file with the desired hash).
+    """
+    if not hashes:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Given no hashes to check %s links for project %r: "
+            "discarding no candidates",
+            len(candidates),
+            project_name,
+        )
+        # Make sure we're not returning back the given value.
+        return list(candidates)
+
+    matches_or_no_digest = []
+    # Collect the non-matches for logging purposes.
+    non_matches = []
+    match_count = 0
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        link = candidate.link
+        if not link.has_hash:
+            pass
+        elif link.is_hash_allowed(hashes=hashes):
+            match_count += 1
+        else:
+            non_matches.append(candidate)
+            continue
+
+        matches_or_no_digest.append(candidate)
+
+    if match_count:
+        filtered = matches_or_no_digest
+    else:
+        # Make sure we're not returning back the given value.
+        filtered = list(candidates)
+
+    if len(filtered) == len(candidates):
+        discard_message = "discarding no candidates"
+    else:
+        discard_message = "discarding {} non-matches:\n  {}".format(
+            len(non_matches),
+            "\n  ".join(str(candidate.link) for candidate in non_matches),
+        )
+
+    logger.debug(
+        "Checked %s links for project %r against %s hashes "
+        "(%s matches, %s no digest): %s",
+        len(candidates),
+        project_name,
+        hashes.digest_count,
+        match_count,
+        len(matches_or_no_digest) - match_count,
+        discard_message,
+    )
+
+    return filtered
+
+
+class CandidatePreferences:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates some of the preferences for filtering and sorting
+    InstallationCandidate objects.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param allow_all_prereleases: Whether to allow all pre-releases.
+        """
+        self.allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self.prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+
+
+class BestCandidateResult:
+    """A collection of candidates, returned by `PackageFinder.find_best_candidate`.
+
+    This class is only intended to be instantiated by CandidateEvaluator's
+    `compute_best_candidate()` method.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+        applicable_candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+        best_candidate: Optional[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param candidates: A sequence of all available candidates found.
+        :param applicable_candidates: The applicable candidates.
+        :param best_candidate: The most preferred candidate found, or None
+            if no applicable candidates were found.
+        """
+        assert set(applicable_candidates) <= set(candidates)
+
+        if best_candidate is None:
+            assert not applicable_candidates
+        else:
+            assert best_candidate in applicable_candidates
+
+        self._applicable_candidates = applicable_candidates
+        self._candidates = candidates
+
+        self.best_candidate = best_candidate
+
+    def iter_all(self) -> Iterable[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Iterate through all candidates."""
+        return iter(self._candidates)
+
+    def iter_applicable(self) -> Iterable[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Iterate through the applicable candidates."""
+        return iter(self._applicable_candidates)
+
+
+class CandidateEvaluator:
+
+    """
+    Responsible for filtering and sorting candidates for installation based
+    on what tags are valid.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        project_name: str,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> "CandidateEvaluator":
+        """Create a CandidateEvaluator object.
+
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            checking compatibility. If None (the default), a TargetPython
+            object will be constructed from the running Python.
+        :param specifier: An optional object implementing `filter`
+            (e.g. `packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet`) to filter applicable
+            versions.
+        :param hashes: An optional collection of allowed hashes.
+        """
+        if target_python is None:
+            target_python = TargetPython()
+        if specifier is None:
+            specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet()
+
+        supported_tags = target_python.get_sorted_tags()
+
+        return cls(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            supported_tags=supported_tags,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            prefer_binary=prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=allow_all_prereleases,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        supported_tags: List[Tag],
+        specifier: specifiers.BaseSpecifier,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param supported_tags: The PEP 425 tags supported by the target
+            Python in order of preference (most preferred first).
+        """
+        self._allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self._hashes = hashes
+        self._prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+        self._project_name = project_name
+        self._specifier = specifier
+        self._supported_tags = supported_tags
+        # Since the index of the tag in the _supported_tags list is used
+        # as a priority, precompute a map from tag to index/priority to be
+        # used in wheel.find_most_preferred_tag.
+        self._wheel_tag_preferences = {
+            tag: idx for idx, tag in enumerate(supported_tags)
+        }
+
+    def get_applicable_candidates(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Return the applicable candidates from a list of candidates.
+        """
+        # Using None infers from the specifier instead.
+        allow_prereleases = self._allow_all_prereleases or None
+        specifier = self._specifier
+        versions = {
+            str(v)
+            for v in specifier.filter(
+                # We turn the version object into a str here because otherwise
+                # when we're debundled but setuptools isn't, Python will see
+                # packaging.version.Version and
+                # pkg_resources._vendor.packaging.version.Version as different
+                # types. This way we'll use a str as a common data interchange
+                # format. If we stop using the pkg_resources provided specifier
+                # and start using our own, we can drop the cast to str().
+                (str(c.version) for c in candidates),
+                prereleases=allow_prereleases,
+            )
+        }
+
+        # Again, converting version to str to deal with debundling.
+        applicable_candidates = [c for c in candidates if str(c.version) in versions]
+
+        filtered_applicable_candidates = filter_unallowed_hashes(
+            candidates=applicable_candidates,
+            hashes=self._hashes,
+            project_name=self._project_name,
+        )
+
+        return sorted(filtered_applicable_candidates, key=self._sort_key)
+
+    def _sort_key(self, candidate: InstallationCandidate) -> CandidateSortingKey:
+        """
+        Function to pass as the `key` argument to a call to sorted() to sort
+        InstallationCandidates by preference.
+
+        Returns a tuple such that tuples sorting as greater using Python's
+        default comparison operator are more preferred.
+
+        The preference is as follows:
+
+        First and foremost, candidates with allowed (matching) hashes are
+        always preferred over candidates without matching hashes. This is
+        because e.g. if the only candidate with an allowed hash is yanked,
+        we still want to use that candidate.
+
+        Second, excepting hash considerations, candidates that have been
+        yanked (in the sense of PEP 592) are always less preferred than
+        candidates that haven't been yanked. Then:
+
+        If not finding wheels, they are sorted by version only.
+        If finding wheels, then the sort order is by version, then:
+          1. existing installs
+          2. wheels ordered via Wheel.support_index_min(self._supported_tags)
+          3. source archives
+        If prefer_binary was set, then all wheels are sorted above sources.
+
+        Note: it was considered to embed this logic into the Link
+              comparison operators, but then different sdist links
+              with the same version, would have to be considered equal
+        """
+        valid_tags = self._supported_tags
+        support_num = len(valid_tags)
+        build_tag: BuildTag = ()
+        binary_preference = 0
+        link = candidate.link
+        if link.is_wheel:
+            # can raise InvalidWheelFilename
+            wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+            try:
+                pri = -(
+                    wheel.find_most_preferred_tag(
+                        valid_tags, self._wheel_tag_preferences
+                    )
+                )
+            except ValueError:
+                raise UnsupportedWheel(
+                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel for this platform. It "
+                    "can't be sorted."
+                )
+            if self._prefer_binary:
+                binary_preference = 1
+            if wheel.build_tag is not None:
+                match = re.match(r"^(\d+)(.*)$", wheel.build_tag)
+                assert match is not None, "guaranteed by filename validation"
+                build_tag_groups = match.groups()
+                build_tag = (int(build_tag_groups[0]), build_tag_groups[1])
+        else:  # sdist
+            pri = -(support_num)
+        has_allowed_hash = int(link.is_hash_allowed(self._hashes))
+        yank_value = -1 * int(link.is_yanked)  # -1 for yanked.
+        return (
+            has_allowed_hash,
+            yank_value,
+            binary_preference,
+            candidate.version,
+            pri,
+            build_tag,
+        )
+
+    def sort_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Return the best candidate per the instance's sort order, or None if
+        no candidate is acceptable.
+        """
+        if not candidates:
+            return None
+        best_candidate = max(candidates, key=self._sort_key)
+        return best_candidate
+
+    def compute_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        candidates: List[InstallationCandidate],
+    ) -> BestCandidateResult:
+        """
+        Compute and return a `BestCandidateResult` instance.
+        """
+        applicable_candidates = self.get_applicable_candidates(candidates)
+
+        best_candidate = self.sort_best_candidate(applicable_candidates)
+
+        return BestCandidateResult(
+            candidates,
+            applicable_candidates=applicable_candidates,
+            best_candidate=best_candidate,
+        )
+
+
+class PackageFinder:
+    """This finds packages.
+
+    This is meant to match easy_install's technique for looking for
+    packages, by reading pages and looking for appropriate links.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link_collector: LinkCollector,
+        target_python: TargetPython,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        format_control: Optional[FormatControl] = None,
+        candidate_prefs: Optional[CandidatePreferences] = None,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        This constructor is primarily meant to be used by the create() class
+        method and from tests.
+
+        :param format_control: A FormatControl object, used to control
+            the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
+            the index and links.
+        :param candidate_prefs: Options to use when creating a
+            CandidateEvaluator object.
+        """
+        if candidate_prefs is None:
+            candidate_prefs = CandidatePreferences()
+
+        format_control = format_control or FormatControl(set(), set())
+
+        self._allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self._candidate_prefs = candidate_prefs
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self._link_collector = link_collector
+        self._target_python = target_python
+
+        self.format_control = format_control
+
+        # These are boring links that have already been logged somehow.
+        self._logged_links: Set[Tuple[Link, LinkType, str]] = set()
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        link_collector: LinkCollector,
+        selection_prefs: SelectionPreferences,
+        target_python: Optional[TargetPython] = None,
+    ) -> "PackageFinder":
+        """Create a PackageFinder.
+
+        :param selection_prefs: The candidate selection preferences, as a
+            SelectionPreferences object.
+        :param target_python: The target Python interpreter to use when
+            checking compatibility. If None (the default), a TargetPython
+            object will be constructed from the running Python.
+        """
+        if target_python is None:
+            target_python = TargetPython()
+
+        candidate_prefs = CandidatePreferences(
+            prefer_binary=selection_prefs.prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=selection_prefs.allow_all_prereleases,
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            candidate_prefs=candidate_prefs,
+            link_collector=link_collector,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            allow_yanked=selection_prefs.allow_yanked,
+            format_control=selection_prefs.format_control,
+            ignore_requires_python=selection_prefs.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def target_python(self) -> TargetPython:
+        return self._target_python
+
+    @property
+    def search_scope(self) -> SearchScope:
+        return self._link_collector.search_scope
+
+    @search_scope.setter
+    def search_scope(self, search_scope: SearchScope) -> None:
+        self._link_collector.search_scope = search_scope
+
+    @property
+    def find_links(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self._link_collector.find_links
+
+    @property
+    def index_urls(self) -> List[str]:
+        return self.search_scope.index_urls
+
+    @property
+    def trusted_hosts(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        for host_port in self._link_collector.session.pip_trusted_origins:
+            yield build_netloc(*host_port)
+
+    @property
+    def allow_all_prereleases(self) -> bool:
+        return self._candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases
+
+    def set_allow_all_prereleases(self) -> None:
+        self._candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases = True
+
+    @property
+    def prefer_binary(self) -> bool:
+        return self._candidate_prefs.prefer_binary
+
+    def set_prefer_binary(self) -> None:
+        self._candidate_prefs.prefer_binary = True
+
+    def requires_python_skipped_reasons(self) -> List[str]:
+        reasons = {
+            detail
+            for _, result, detail in self._logged_links
+            if result == LinkType.requires_python_mismatch
+        }
+        return sorted(reasons)
+
+    def make_link_evaluator(self, project_name: str) -> LinkEvaluator:
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)
+        formats = self.format_control.get_allowed_formats(canonical_name)
+
+        return LinkEvaluator(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            canonical_name=canonical_name,
+            formats=formats,
+            target_python=self._target_python,
+            allow_yanked=self._allow_yanked,
+            ignore_requires_python=self._ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+    def _sort_links(self, links: Iterable[Link]) -> List[Link]:
+        """
+        Returns elements of links in order, non-egg links first, egg links
+        second, while eliminating duplicates
+        """
+        eggs, no_eggs = [], []
+        seen: Set[Link] = set()
+        for link in links:
+            if link not in seen:
+                seen.add(link)
+                if link.egg_fragment:
+                    eggs.append(link)
+                else:
+                    no_eggs.append(link)
+        return no_eggs + eggs
+
+    def _log_skipped_link(self, link: Link, result: LinkType, detail: str) -> None:
+        entry = (link, result, detail)
+        if entry not in self._logged_links:
+            # Put the link at the end so the reason is more visible and because
+            # the link string is usually very long.
+            logger.debug("Skipping link: %s: %s", detail, link)
+            self._logged_links.add(entry)
+
+    def get_install_candidate(
+        self, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator, link: Link
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        If the link is a candidate for install, convert it to an
+        InstallationCandidate and return it. Otherwise, return None.
+        """
+        result, detail = link_evaluator.evaluate_link(link)
+        if result != LinkType.candidate:
+            self._log_skipped_link(link, result, detail)
+            return None
+
+        return InstallationCandidate(
+            name=link_evaluator.project_name,
+            link=link,
+            version=detail,
+        )
+
+    def evaluate_links(
+        self, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator, links: Iterable[Link]
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """
+        Convert links that are candidates to InstallationCandidate objects.
+        """
+        candidates = []
+        for link in self._sort_links(links):
+            candidate = self.get_install_candidate(link_evaluator, link)
+            if candidate is not None:
+                candidates.append(candidate)
+
+        return candidates
+
+    def process_project_url(
+        self, project_url: Link, link_evaluator: LinkEvaluator
+    ) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Fetching project page and analyzing links: %s",
+            project_url,
+        )
+        index_response = self._link_collector.fetch_response(project_url)
+        if index_response is None:
+            return []
+
+        page_links = list(parse_links(index_response))
+
+        with indent_log():
+            package_links = self.evaluate_links(
+                link_evaluator,
+                links=page_links,
+            )
+
+        return package_links
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_all_candidates(self, project_name: str) -> List[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Find all available InstallationCandidate for project_name
+
+        This checks index_urls and find_links.
+        All versions found are returned as an InstallationCandidate list.
+
+        See LinkEvaluator.evaluate_link() for details on which files
+        are accepted.
+        """
+        link_evaluator = self.make_link_evaluator(project_name)
+
+        collected_sources = self._link_collector.collect_sources(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            candidates_from_page=functools.partial(
+                self.process_project_url,
+                link_evaluator=link_evaluator,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        page_candidates_it = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            source.page_candidates()
+            for sources in collected_sources
+            for source in sources
+            if source is not None
+        )
+        page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)
+
+        file_links_it = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            source.file_links()
+            for sources in collected_sources
+            for source in sources
+            if source is not None
+        )
+        file_candidates = self.evaluate_links(
+            link_evaluator,
+            sorted(file_links_it, reverse=True),
+        )
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG) and file_candidates:
+            paths = []
+            for candidate in file_candidates:
+                assert candidate.link.url  # we need to have a URL
+                try:
+                    paths.append(candidate.link.file_path)
+                except Exception:
+                    paths.append(candidate.link.url)  # it's not a local file
+
+            logger.debug("Local files found: %s", ", ".join(paths))
+
+        # This is an intentional priority ordering
+        return file_candidates + page_candidates
+
+    def make_candidate_evaluator(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> CandidateEvaluator:
+        """Create a CandidateEvaluator object to use."""
+        candidate_prefs = self._candidate_prefs
+        return CandidateEvaluator.create(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            target_python=self._target_python,
+            prefer_binary=candidate_prefs.prefer_binary,
+            allow_all_prereleases=candidate_prefs.allow_all_prereleases,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_best_candidate(
+        self,
+        project_name: str,
+        specifier: Optional[specifiers.BaseSpecifier] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+    ) -> BestCandidateResult:
+        """Find matches for the given project and specifier.
+
+        :param specifier: An optional object implementing `filter`
+            (e.g. `packaging.specifiers.SpecifierSet`) to filter applicable
+            versions.
+
+        :return: A `BestCandidateResult` instance.
+        """
+        candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
+        candidate_evaluator = self.make_candidate_evaluator(
+            project_name=project_name,
+            specifier=specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+        return candidate_evaluator.compute_best_candidate(candidates)
+
+    def find_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> Optional[InstallationCandidate]:
+        """Try to find a Link matching req
+
+        Expects req, an InstallRequirement and upgrade, a boolean
+        Returns a InstallationCandidate if found,
+        Raises DistributionNotFound or BestVersionAlreadyInstalled otherwise
+        """
+        hashes = req.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+        best_candidate_result = self.find_best_candidate(
+            req.name,
+            specifier=req.specifier,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+        best_candidate = best_candidate_result.best_candidate
+
+        installed_version: Optional[_BaseVersion] = None
+        if req.satisfied_by is not None:
+            installed_version = req.satisfied_by.version
+
+        def _format_versions(cand_iter: Iterable[InstallationCandidate]) -> str:
+            # This repeated parse_version and str() conversion is needed to
+            # handle different vendoring sources from pip and pkg_resources.
+            # If we stop using the pkg_resources provided specifier and start
+            # using our own, we can drop the cast to str().
+            return (
+                ", ".join(
+                    sorted(
+                        {str(c.version) for c in cand_iter},
+                        key=parse_version,
+                    )
+                )
+                or "none"
+            )
+
+        if installed_version is None and best_candidate is None:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+                "(from versions: %s)",
+                req,
+                _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_all()),
+            )
+
+            raise DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+        def _should_install_candidate(
+            candidate: Optional[InstallationCandidate],
+        ) -> "TypeGuard[InstallationCandidate]":
+            if installed_version is None:
+                return True
+            if best_candidate is None:
+                return False
+            return best_candidate.version > installed_version
+
+        if not upgrade and installed_version is not None:
+            if _should_install_candidate(best_candidate):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Existing installed version (%s) satisfies requirement "
+                    "(most up-to-date version is %s)",
+                    installed_version,
+                    best_candidate.version,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Existing installed version (%s) is most up-to-date and "
+                    "satisfies requirement",
+                    installed_version,
+                )
+            return None
+
+        if _should_install_candidate(best_candidate):
+            logger.debug(
+                "Using version %s (newest of versions: %s)",
+                best_candidate.version,
+                _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_applicable()),
+            )
+            return best_candidate
+
+        # We have an existing version, and its the best version
+        logger.debug(
+            "Installed version (%s) is most up-to-date (past versions: %s)",
+            installed_version,
+            _format_versions(best_candidate_result.iter_applicable()),
+        )
+        raise BestVersionAlreadyInstalled
+
+
+def _find_name_version_sep(fragment: str, canonical_name: str) -> int:
+    """Find the separator's index based on the package's canonical name.
+
+    :param fragment: A <package>+<version> filename "fragment" (stem) or
+        egg fragment.
+    :param canonical_name: The package's canonical name.
+
+    This function is needed since the canonicalized name does not necessarily
+    have the same length as the egg info's name part. An example::
+
+    >>> fragment = 'foo__bar-1.0'
+    >>> canonical_name = 'foo-bar'
+    >>> _find_name_version_sep(fragment, canonical_name)
+    8
+    """
+    # Project name and version must be separated by one single dash. Find all
+    # occurrences of dashes; if the string in front of it matches the canonical
+    # name, this is the one separating the name and version parts.
+    for i, c in enumerate(fragment):
+        if c != "-":
+            continue
+        if canonicalize_name(fragment[:i]) == canonical_name:
+            return i
+    raise ValueError(f"{fragment} does not match {canonical_name}")
+
+
+def _extract_version_from_fragment(fragment: str, canonical_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Parse the version string from a <package>+<version> filename
+    "fragment" (stem) or egg fragment.
+
+    :param fragment: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
+    :param canonical_name: The canonicalized name of the package this
+        belongs to.
+    """
+    try:
+        version_start = _find_name_version_sep(fragment, canonical_name) + 1
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    version = fragment[version_start:]
+    if not version:
+        return None
+    return version
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4626d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/index/sources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import (
+    InvalidSdistFilename,
+    InvalidVersion,
+    InvalidWheelFilename,
+    canonicalize_name,
+    parse_sdist_filename,
+    parse_wheel_filename,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
+from pip._internal.vcs import is_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+FoundCandidates = Iterable[InstallationCandidate]
+FoundLinks = Iterable[Link]
+CandidatesFromPage = Callable[[Link], Iterable[InstallationCandidate]]
+PageValidator = Callable[[Link], bool]
+
+
+class LinkSource:
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        """Returns the underlying link, if there's one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        """Candidates found by parsing an archive listing HTML file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        """Links found by specifying archives directly."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _is_html_file(file_url: str) -> bool:
+    return mimetypes.guess_type(file_url, strict=False)[0] == "text/html"
+
+
+class _FlatDirectoryToUrls:
+    """Scans directory and caches results"""
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
+        self._path = path
+        self._page_candidates: List[str] = []
+        self._project_name_to_urls: Dict[str, List[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self._scanned_directory = False
+
+    def _scan_directory(self) -> None:
+        """Scans directory once and populates both page_candidates
+        and project_name_to_urls at the same time
+        """
+        for entry in os.scandir(self._path):
+            url = path_to_url(entry.path)
+            if _is_html_file(url):
+                self._page_candidates.append(url)
+                continue
+
+            # File must have a valid wheel or sdist name,
+            # otherwise not worth considering as a package
+            try:
+                project_filename = parse_wheel_filename(entry.name)[0]
+            except (InvalidWheelFilename, InvalidVersion):
+                try:
+                    project_filename = parse_sdist_filename(entry.name)[0]
+                except (InvalidSdistFilename, InvalidVersion):
+                    continue
+
+            self._project_name_to_urls[project_filename].append(url)
+        self._scanned_directory = True
+
+    @property
+    def page_candidates(self) -> List[str]:
+        if not self._scanned_directory:
+            self._scan_directory()
+
+        return self._page_candidates
+
+    @property
+    def project_name_to_urls(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
+        if not self._scanned_directory:
+            self._scan_directory()
+
+        return self._project_name_to_urls
+
+
+class _FlatDirectorySource(LinkSource):
+    """Link source specified by ``--find-links=<path-to-dir>``.
+
+    This looks the content of the directory, and returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on each HTML file in the directory.
+    * ``file_candidates``: Archives in the directory.
+    """
+
+    _paths_to_urls: Dict[str, _FlatDirectoryToUrls] = {}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        path: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._project_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)
+
+        # Get existing instance of _FlatDirectoryToUrls if it exists
+        if path in self._paths_to_urls:
+            self._path_to_urls = self._paths_to_urls[path]
+        else:
+            self._path_to_urls = _FlatDirectoryToUrls(path=path)
+            self._paths_to_urls[path] = self._path_to_urls
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return None
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        for url in self._path_to_urls.page_candidates:
+            yield from self._candidates_from_page(Link(url))
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        for url in self._path_to_urls.project_name_to_urls[self._project_name]:
+            yield Link(url)
+
+
+class _LocalFileSource(LinkSource):
+    """``--find-links=<path-or-url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<path-or-url>``.
+
+    If a URL is supplied, it must be a ``file:`` URL. If a path is supplied to
+    the option, it is converted to a URL first. This returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
+    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        if not _is_html_file(self._link.url):
+            return
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        if _is_html_file(self._link.url):
+            return
+        yield self._link
+
+
+class _RemoteFileSource(LinkSource):
+    """``--find-links=<url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<url>``.
+
+    This returns:
+
+    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
+    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        page_validator: PageValidator,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._page_validator = page_validator
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        if not self._page_validator(self._link):
+            return
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        yield self._link
+
+
+class _IndexDirectorySource(LinkSource):
+    """``--[extra-]index-url=<path-to-directory>``.
+
+    This is treated like a remote URL; ``candidates_from_page`` contains logic
+    for this by appending ``index.html`` to the link.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
+        self._link = link
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._link
+
+    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
+        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
+
+    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
+        return ()
+
+
+def build_source(
+    location: str,
+    *,
+    candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
+    page_validator: PageValidator,
+    expand_dir: bool,
+    cache_link_parsing: bool,
+    project_name: str,
+) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[LinkSource]]:
+    path: Optional[str] = None
+    url: Optional[str] = None
+    if os.path.exists(location):  # Is a local path.
+        url = path_to_url(location)
+        path = location
+    elif location.startswith("file:"):  # A file: URL.
+        url = location
+        path = url_to_path(location)
+    elif is_url(location):
+        url = location
+
+    if url is None:
+        msg = (
+            "Location '%s' is ignored: "
+            "it is either a non-existing path or lacks a specific scheme."
+        )
+        logger.warning(msg, location)
+        return (None, None)
+
+    if path is None:
+        source: LinkSource = _RemoteFileSource(
+            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+            page_validator=page_validator,
+            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+        )
+        return (url, source)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if expand_dir:
+            source = _FlatDirectorySource(
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                path=path,
+                project_name=project_name,
+            )
+        else:
+            source = _IndexDirectorySource(
+                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+                link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+            )
+        return (url, source)
+    elif os.path.isfile(path):
+        source = _LocalFileSource(
+            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
+            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
+        )
+        return (url, source)
+    logger.warning(
+        "Location '%s' is ignored: it is neither a file nor a directory.",
+        location,
+    )
+    return (url, None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d54bc63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from . import _sysconfig
+from .base import (
+    USER_CACHE_DIR,
+    get_major_minor_version,
+    get_src_prefix,
+    is_osx_framework,
+    site_packages,
+    user_site,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "USER_CACHE_DIR",
+    "get_bin_prefix",
+    "get_bin_user",
+    "get_major_minor_version",
+    "get_platlib",
+    "get_purelib",
+    "get_scheme",
+    "get_src_prefix",
+    "site_packages",
+    "user_site",
+]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+_PLATLIBDIR: str = getattr(sys, "platlibdir", "lib")
+
+_USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT = sys.version_info >= (3, 10)
+
+
+def _should_use_sysconfig() -> bool:
+    """This function determines the value of _USE_SYSCONFIG.
+
+    By default, pip uses sysconfig on Python 3.10+.
+    But Python distributors can override this decision by setting:
+        sysconfig._PIP_USE_SYSCONFIG = True / False
+    Rationale in https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10647
+
+    This is a function for testability, but should be constant during any one
+    run.
+    """
+    return bool(getattr(sysconfig, "_PIP_USE_SYSCONFIG", _USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT))
+
+
+_USE_SYSCONFIG = _should_use_sysconfig()
+
+if not _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+    # Import distutils lazily to avoid deprecation warnings,
+    # but import it soon enough that it is in memory and available during
+    # a pip reinstall.
+    from . import _distutils
+
+# Be noisy about incompatibilities if this platforms "should" be using
+# sysconfig, but is explicitly opting out and using distutils instead.
+if _USE_SYSCONFIG_DEFAULT and not _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+    _MISMATCH_LEVEL = logging.WARNING
+else:
+    _MISMATCH_LEVEL = logging.DEBUG
+
+
+def _looks_like_bpo_44860() -> bool:
+    """The resolution to bpo-44860 will change this incorrect platlib.
+
+    See <https://bugs.python.org/issue44860>.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    try:
+        unix_user_platlib = INSTALL_SCHEMES["unix_user"]["platlib"]
+    except KeyError:
+        return False
+    return unix_user_platlib == "$usersite"
+
+
+def _looks_like_red_hat_patched_platlib_purelib(scheme: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+    platlib = scheme["platlib"]
+    if "/$platlibdir/" in platlib:
+        platlib = platlib.replace("/$platlibdir/", f"/{_PLATLIBDIR}/")
+    if "/lib64/" not in platlib:
+        return False
+    unpatched = platlib.replace("/lib64/", "/lib/")
+    return unpatched.replace("$platbase/", "$base/") == scheme["purelib"]
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_red_hat_lib() -> bool:
+    """Red Hat patches platlib in unix_prefix and unix_home, but not purelib.
+
+    This is the only way I can see to tell a Red Hat-patched Python.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    return all(
+        k in INSTALL_SCHEMES
+        and _looks_like_red_hat_patched_platlib_purelib(INSTALL_SCHEMES[k])
+        for k in ("unix_prefix", "unix_home")
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_debian_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Debian adds two additional schemes."""
+    from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+    return "deb_system" in INSTALL_SCHEMES and "unix_local" in INSTALL_SCHEMES
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_red_hat_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Red Hat patches ``sys.prefix`` and ``sys.exec_prefix``.
+
+    Red Hat's ``00251-change-user-install-location.patch`` changes the install
+    command's ``prefix`` and ``exec_prefix`` to append ``"/local"``. This is
+    (fortunately?) done quite unconditionally, so we create a default command
+    object without any configuration to detect this.
+    """
+    from distutils.command.install import install
+    from distutils.dist import Distribution
+
+    cmd: Any = install(Distribution())
+    cmd.finalize_options()
+    return (
+        cmd.exec_prefix == f"{os.path.normpath(sys.exec_prefix)}/local"
+        and cmd.prefix == f"{os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)}/local"
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_slackware_scheme() -> bool:
+    """Slackware patches sysconfig but fails to patch distutils and site.
+
+    Slackware changes sysconfig's user scheme to use ``"lib64"`` for the lib
+    path, but does not do the same to the site module.
+    """
+    if user_site is None:  # User-site not available.
+        return False
+    try:
+        paths = sysconfig.get_paths(scheme="posix_user", expand=False)
+    except KeyError:  # User-site not available.
+        return False
+    return "/lib64/" in paths["purelib"] and "/lib64/" not in user_site
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _looks_like_msys2_mingw_scheme() -> bool:
+    """MSYS2 patches distutils and sysconfig to use a UNIX-like scheme.
+
+    However, MSYS2 incorrectly patches sysconfig ``nt`` scheme. The fix is
+    likely going to be included in their 3.10 release, so we ignore the warning.
+    See msys2/MINGW-packages#9319.
+
+    MSYS2 MINGW's patch uses lowercase ``"lib"`` instead of the usual uppercase,
+    and is missing the final ``"site-packages"``.
+    """
+    paths = sysconfig.get_paths("nt", expand=False)
+    return all(
+        "Lib" not in p and "lib" in p and not p.endswith("site-packages")
+        for p in (paths[key] for key in ("platlib", "purelib"))
+    )
+
+
+def _fix_abiflags(parts: Tuple[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    ldversion = sysconfig.get_config_var("LDVERSION")
+    abiflags = getattr(sys, "abiflags", None)
+
+    # LDVERSION does not end with sys.abiflags. Just return the path unchanged.
+    if not ldversion or not abiflags or not ldversion.endswith(abiflags):
+        yield from parts
+        return
+
+    # Strip sys.abiflags from LDVERSION-based path components.
+    for part in parts:
+        if part.endswith(ldversion):
+            part = part[: (0 - len(abiflags))]
+        yield part
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _warn_mismatched(old: pathlib.Path, new: pathlib.Path, *, key: str) -> None:
+    issue_url = "https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10151"
+    message = (
+        "Value for %s does not match. Please report this to <%s>"
+        "\ndistutils: %s"
+        "\nsysconfig: %s"
+    )
+    logger.log(_MISMATCH_LEVEL, message, key, issue_url, old, new)
+
+
+def _warn_if_mismatch(old: pathlib.Path, new: pathlib.Path, *, key: str) -> bool:
+    if old == new:
+        return False
+    _warn_mismatched(old, new, key=key)
+    return True
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _log_context(
+    *,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    parts = [
+        "Additional context:",
+        "user = %r",
+        "home = %r",
+        "root = %r",
+        "prefix = %r",
+    ]
+
+    logger.log(_MISMATCH_LEVEL, "\n".join(parts), user, home, root, prefix)
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    new = _sysconfig.get_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+
+    warning_contexts = []
+    for k in SCHEME_KEYS:
+        old_v = pathlib.Path(getattr(old, k))
+        new_v = pathlib.Path(getattr(new, k))
+
+        if old_v == new_v:
+            continue
+
+        # distutils incorrectly put PyPy packages under ``site-packages/python``
+        # in the ``posix_home`` scheme, but PyPy devs said they expect the
+        # directory name to be ``pypy`` instead. So we treat this as a bug fix
+        # and not warn about it. See bpo-43307 and python/cpython#24628.
+        skip_pypy_special_case = (
+            sys.implementation.name == "pypy"
+            and home is not None
+            and k in ("platlib", "purelib")
+            and old_v.parent == new_v.parent
+            and old_v.name.startswith("python")
+            and new_v.name.startswith("pypy")
+        )
+        if skip_pypy_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # sysconfig's ``osx_framework_user`` does not include ``pythonX.Y`` in
+        # the ``include`` value, but distutils's ``headers`` does. We'll let
+        # CPython decide whether this is a bug or feature. See bpo-43948.
+        skip_osx_framework_user_special_case = (
+            user
+            and is_osx_framework()
+            and k == "headers"
+            and old_v.parent.parent == new_v.parent
+            and old_v.parent.name.startswith("python")
+        )
+        if skip_osx_framework_user_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # On Red Hat and derived Linux distributions, distutils is patched to
+        # use "lib64" instead of "lib" for platlib.
+        if k == "platlib" and _looks_like_red_hat_lib():
+            continue
+
+        # On Python 3.9+, sysconfig's posix_user scheme sets platlib against
+        # sys.platlibdir, but distutils's unix_user incorrectly coninutes
+        # using the same $usersite for both platlib and purelib. This creates a
+        # mismatch when sys.platlibdir is not "lib".
+        skip_bpo_44860 = (
+            user
+            and k == "platlib"
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and sys.version_info >= (3, 9)
+            and _PLATLIBDIR != "lib"
+            and _looks_like_bpo_44860()
+        )
+        if skip_bpo_44860:
+            continue
+
+        # Slackware incorrectly patches posix_user to use lib64 instead of lib,
+        # but not usersite to match the location.
+        skip_slackware_user_scheme = (
+            user
+            and k in ("platlib", "purelib")
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and _looks_like_slackware_scheme()
+        )
+        if skip_slackware_user_scheme:
+            continue
+
+        # Both Debian and Red Hat patch Python to place the system site under
+        # /usr/local instead of /usr. Debian also places lib in dist-packages
+        # instead of site-packages, but the /usr/local check should cover it.
+        skip_linux_system_special_case = (
+            not (user or home or prefix or running_under_virtualenv())
+            and old_v.parts[1:3] == ("usr", "local")
+            and len(new_v.parts) > 1
+            and new_v.parts[1] == "usr"
+            and (len(new_v.parts) < 3 or new_v.parts[2] != "local")
+            and (_looks_like_red_hat_scheme() or _looks_like_debian_scheme())
+        )
+        if skip_linux_system_special_case:
+            continue
+
+        # On Python 3.7 and earlier, sysconfig does not include sys.abiflags in
+        # the "pythonX.Y" part of the path, but distutils does.
+        skip_sysconfig_abiflag_bug = (
+            sys.version_info < (3, 8)
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and k in ("headers", "platlib", "purelib")
+            and tuple(_fix_abiflags(old_v.parts)) == new_v.parts
+        )
+        if skip_sysconfig_abiflag_bug:
+            continue
+
+        # MSYS2 MINGW's sysconfig patch does not include the "site-packages"
+        # part of the path. This is incorrect and will be fixed in MSYS.
+        skip_msys2_mingw_bug = (
+            WINDOWS and k in ("platlib", "purelib") and _looks_like_msys2_mingw_scheme()
+        )
+        if skip_msys2_mingw_bug:
+            continue
+
+        # CPython's POSIX install script invokes pip (via ensurepip) against the
+        # interpreter located in the source tree, not the install site. This
+        # triggers special logic in sysconfig that's not present in distutils.
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/8c21941ddaf/Lib/sysconfig.py#L178-L194
+        skip_cpython_build = (
+            sysconfig.is_python_build(check_home=True)
+            and not WINDOWS
+            and k in ("headers", "include", "platinclude")
+        )
+        if skip_cpython_build:
+            continue
+
+        warning_contexts.append((old_v, new_v, f"scheme.{k}"))
+
+    if not warning_contexts:
+        return old
+
+    # Check if this path mismatch is caused by distutils config files. Those
+    # files will no longer work once we switch to sysconfig, so this raises a
+    # deprecation message for them.
+    default_old = _distutils.distutils_scheme(
+        dist_name,
+        user,
+        home,
+        root,
+        isolated,
+        prefix,
+        ignore_config_files=True,
+    )
+    if any(default_old[k] != getattr(old, k) for k in SCHEME_KEYS):
+        deprecated(
+            reason=(
+                "Configuring installation scheme with distutils config files "
+                "is deprecated and will no longer work in the near future. If you "
+                "are using a Homebrew or Linuxbrew Python, please see discussion "
+                "at https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/issues/76621"
+            ),
+            replacement=None,
+            gone_in=None,
+        )
+        return old
+
+    # Post warnings about this mismatch so user can report them back.
+    for old_v, new_v, key in warning_contexts:
+        _warn_mismatched(old_v, new_v, key=key)
+    _log_context(user=user, home=home, root=root, prefix=prefix)
+
+    return old
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    new = _sysconfig.get_bin_prefix()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_bin_prefix()
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="bin_prefix"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
+
+
+def get_bin_user() -> str:
+    return _sysconfig.get_scheme("", user=True).scripts
+
+
+def _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(value: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the value is Debian's APT-controlled dist-packages.
+
+    Debian's ``distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib()`` implementation returns the
+    default package path controlled by APT, but does not patch ``sysconfig`` to
+    do the same. This is similar to the bug worked around in ``get_scheme()``,
+    but here the default is ``deb_system`` instead of ``unix_local``. Ultimately
+    we can't do anything about this Debian bug, and this detection allows us to
+    skip the warning when needed.
+    """
+    if not _looks_like_debian_scheme():
+        return False
+    if value == "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages":
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    """Return the default pure-Python lib location."""
+    new = _sysconfig.get_purelib()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    old = _distutils.get_purelib()
+    if _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(old):
+        return old
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="purelib"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    """Return the default platform-shared lib location."""
+    new = _sysconfig.get_platlib()
+    if _USE_SYSCONFIG:
+        return new
+
+    from . import _distutils
+
+    old = _distutils.get_platlib()
+    if _looks_like_deb_system_dist_packages(old):
+        return old
+    if _warn_if_mismatch(pathlib.Path(old), pathlib.Path(new), key="platlib"):
+        _log_context()
+    return old
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e18c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Locations where we look for configs, install stuff, etc"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+# If pip's going to use distutils, it should not be using the copy that setuptools
+# might have injected into the environment. This is done by removing the injected
+# shim, if it's injected.
+#
+# See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8761 for the original discussion and
+# rationale for why this is done within pip.
+try:
+    __import__("_distutils_hack").remove_shim()
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from distutils.cmd import Command as DistutilsCommand
+from distutils.command.install import SCHEME_KEYS
+from distutils.command.install import install as distutils_install_command
+from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union, cast
+
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import get_major_minor_version
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def distutils_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    ignore_config_files: bool = False,
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a distutils install scheme
+    """
+    from distutils.dist import Distribution
+
+    dist_args: Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]] = {"name": dist_name}
+    if isolated:
+        dist_args["script_args"] = ["--no-user-cfg"]
+
+    d = Distribution(dist_args)
+    if not ignore_config_files:
+        try:
+            d.parse_config_files()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            paths = d.find_config_files()
+            logger.warning(
+                "Ignore distutils configs in %s due to encoding errors.",
+                ", ".join(os.path.basename(p) for p in paths),
+            )
+    obj: Optional[DistutilsCommand] = None
+    obj = d.get_command_obj("install", create=True)
+    assert obj is not None
+    i = cast(distutils_install_command, obj)
+    # NOTE: setting user or home has the side-effect of creating the home dir
+    # or user base for installations during finalize_options()
+    # ideally, we'd prefer a scheme class that has no side-effects.
+    assert not (user and prefix), f"user={user} prefix={prefix}"
+    assert not (home and prefix), f"home={home} prefix={prefix}"
+    i.user = user or i.user
+    if user or home:
+        i.prefix = ""
+    i.prefix = prefix or i.prefix
+    i.home = home or i.home
+    i.root = root or i.root
+    i.finalize_options()
+
+    scheme = {}
+    for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
+        scheme[key] = getattr(i, "install_" + key)
+
+    # install_lib specified in setup.cfg should install *everything*
+    # into there (i.e. it takes precedence over both purelib and
+    # platlib).  Note, i.install_lib is *always* set after
+    # finalize_options(); we only want to override here if the user
+    # has explicitly requested it hence going back to the config
+    if "install_lib" in d.get_option_dict("install"):
+        scheme.update({"purelib": i.install_lib, "platlib": i.install_lib})
+
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        if home:
+            prefix = home
+        elif user:
+            prefix = i.install_userbase
+        else:
+            prefix = i.prefix
+        scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(
+            prefix,
+            "include",
+            "site",
+            f"python{get_major_minor_version()}",
+            dist_name,
+        )
+
+        if root is not None:
+            path_no_drive = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(scheme["headers"]))[1]
+            scheme["headers"] = os.path.join(root, path_no_drive[1:])
+
+    return scheme
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    """
+    Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters. The distutils
+    documentation provides the context for the available schemes:
+    https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation
+
+    :param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
+        in the headers scheme path
+    :param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
+    :param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme and provides the base
+        directory for the same
+    :param root: root under which other directories are re-based
+    :param isolated: equivalent to --no-user-cfg, i.e. do not consider
+        ~/.pydistutils.cfg (posix) or ~/pydistutils.cfg (non-posix) for
+        scheme paths
+    :param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
+        base directory for the same
+    """
+    scheme = distutils_scheme(dist_name, user, home, root, isolated, prefix)
+    return Scheme(
+        platlib=scheme["platlib"],
+        purelib=scheme["purelib"],
+        headers=scheme["headers"],
+        scripts=scheme["scripts"],
+        data=scheme["data"],
+    )
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    # XXX: In old virtualenv versions, sys.prefix can contain '..' components,
+    # so we need to call normpath to eliminate them.
+    prefix = os.path.normpath(sys.prefix)
+    if WINDOWS:
+        bin_py = os.path.join(prefix, "Scripts")
+        # buildout uses 'bin' on Windows too?
+        if not os.path.exists(bin_py):
+            bin_py = os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+        return bin_py
+    # Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs
+    # Also log to ~/Library/Logs/ for use with the Console.app log viewer
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin" and prefix[:16] == "/System/Library/":
+        return "/usr/local/bin"
+    return os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    return get_python_lib(plat_specific=False)
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    return get_python_lib(plat_specific=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97aef1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_sysconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidSchemeCombination, UserInstallationInvalid
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import change_root, get_major_minor_version, is_osx_framework
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Notes on _infer_* functions.
+# Unfortunately ``get_default_scheme()`` didn't exist before 3.10, so there's no
+# way to ask things like "what is the '_prefix' scheme on this platform". These
+# functions try to answer that with some heuristics while accounting for ad-hoc
+# platforms not covered by CPython's default sysconfig implementation. If the
+# ad-hoc implementation does not fully implement sysconfig, we'll fall back to
+# a POSIX scheme.
+
+_AVAILABLE_SCHEMES = set(sysconfig.get_scheme_names())
+
+_PREFERRED_SCHEME_API = getattr(sysconfig, "get_preferred_scheme", None)
+
+
+def _should_use_osx_framework_prefix() -> bool:
+    """Check for Apple's ``osx_framework_library`` scheme.
+
+    Python distributed by Apple's Command Line Tools has this special scheme
+    that's used when:
+
+    * This is a framework build.
+    * We are installing into the system prefix.
+
+    This does not account for ``pip install --prefix`` (also means we're not
+    installing to the system prefix), which should use ``posix_prefix``, but
+    logic here means ``_infer_prefix()`` outputs ``osx_framework_library``. But
+    since ``prefix`` is not available for ``sysconfig.get_default_scheme()``,
+    which is the stdlib replacement for ``_infer_prefix()``, presumably Apple
+    wouldn't be able to magically switch between ``osx_framework_library`` and
+    ``posix_prefix``. ``_infer_prefix()`` returning ``osx_framework_library``
+    means its behavior is consistent whether we use the stdlib implementation
+    or our own, and we deal with this special case in ``get_scheme()`` instead.
+    """
+    return (
+        "osx_framework_library" in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES
+        and not running_under_virtualenv()
+        and is_osx_framework()
+    )
+
+
+def _infer_prefix() -> str:
+    """Try to find a prefix scheme for the current platform.
+
+    This tries:
+
+    * A special ``osx_framework_library`` for Python distributed by Apple's
+      Command Line Tools, when not running in a virtual environment.
+    * Implementation + OS, used by PyPy on Windows (``pypy_nt``).
+    * Implementation without OS, used by PyPy on POSIX (``pypy``).
+    * OS + "prefix", used by CPython on POSIX (``posix_prefix``).
+    * Just the OS name, used by CPython on Windows (``nt``).
+
+    If none of the above works, fall back to ``posix_prefix``.
+    """
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("prefix")
+    if _should_use_osx_framework_prefix():
+        return "osx_framework_library"
+    implementation_suffixed = f"{sys.implementation.name}_{os.name}"
+    if implementation_suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return implementation_suffixed
+    if sys.implementation.name in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return sys.implementation.name
+    suffixed = f"{os.name}_prefix"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    if os.name in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:  # On Windows, prefx is just called "nt".
+        return os.name
+    return "posix_prefix"
+
+
+def _infer_user() -> str:
+    """Try to find a user scheme for the current platform."""
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("user")
+    if is_osx_framework() and not running_under_virtualenv():
+        suffixed = "osx_framework_user"
+    else:
+        suffixed = f"{os.name}_user"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    if "posix_user" not in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:  # User scheme unavailable.
+        raise UserInstallationInvalid()
+    return "posix_user"
+
+
+def _infer_home() -> str:
+    """Try to find a home for the current platform."""
+    if _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API:
+        return _PREFERRED_SCHEME_API("home")
+    suffixed = f"{os.name}_home"
+    if suffixed in _AVAILABLE_SCHEMES:
+        return suffixed
+    return "posix_home"
+
+
+# Update these keys if the user sets a custom home.
+_HOME_KEYS = [
+    "installed_base",
+    "base",
+    "installed_platbase",
+    "platbase",
+    "prefix",
+    "exec_prefix",
+]
+if sysconfig.get_config_var("userbase") is not None:
+    _HOME_KEYS.append("userbase")
+
+
+def get_scheme(
+    dist_name: str,
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    root: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Scheme:
+    """
+    Get the "scheme" corresponding to the input parameters.
+
+    :param dist_name: the name of the package to retrieve the scheme for, used
+        in the headers scheme path
+    :param user: indicates to use the "user" scheme
+    :param home: indicates to use the "home" scheme
+    :param root: root under which other directories are re-based
+    :param isolated: ignored, but kept for distutils compatibility (where
+        this controls whether the user-site pydistutils.cfg is honored)
+    :param prefix: indicates to use the "prefix" scheme and provides the
+        base directory for the same
+    """
+    if user and prefix:
+        raise InvalidSchemeCombination("--user", "--prefix")
+    if home and prefix:
+        raise InvalidSchemeCombination("--home", "--prefix")
+
+    if home is not None:
+        scheme_name = _infer_home()
+    elif user:
+        scheme_name = _infer_user()
+    else:
+        scheme_name = _infer_prefix()
+
+    # Special case: When installing into a custom prefix, use posix_prefix
+    # instead of osx_framework_library. See _should_use_osx_framework_prefix()
+    # docstring for details.
+    if prefix is not None and scheme_name == "osx_framework_library":
+        scheme_name = "posix_prefix"
+
+    if home is not None:
+        variables = {k: home for k in _HOME_KEYS}
+    elif prefix is not None:
+        variables = {k: prefix for k in _HOME_KEYS}
+    else:
+        variables = {}
+
+    paths = sysconfig.get_paths(scheme=scheme_name, vars=variables)
+
+    # Logic here is very arbitrary, we're doing it for compatibility, don't ask.
+    # 1. Pip historically uses a special header path in virtual environments.
+    # 2. If the distribution name is not known, distutils uses 'UNKNOWN'. We
+    #    only do the same when not running in a virtual environment because
+    #    pip's historical header path logic (see point 1) did not do this.
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        if user:
+            base = variables.get("userbase", sys.prefix)
+        else:
+            base = variables.get("base", sys.prefix)
+        python_xy = f"python{get_major_minor_version()}"
+        paths["include"] = os.path.join(base, "include", "site", python_xy)
+    elif not dist_name:
+        dist_name = "UNKNOWN"
+
+    scheme = Scheme(
+        platlib=paths["platlib"],
+        purelib=paths["purelib"],
+        headers=os.path.join(paths["include"], dist_name),
+        scripts=paths["scripts"],
+        data=paths["data"],
+    )
+    if root is not None:
+        for key in SCHEME_KEYS:
+            value = change_root(root, getattr(scheme, key))
+            setattr(scheme, key, value)
+    return scheme
+
+
+def get_bin_prefix() -> str:
+    # Forcing to use /usr/local/bin for standard macOS framework installs.
+    if sys.platform[:6] == "darwin" and sys.prefix[:16] == "/System/Library/":
+        return "/usr/local/bin"
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["scripts"]
+
+
+def get_purelib() -> str:
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"]
+
+
+def get_platlib() -> str:
+    return sysconfig.get_paths()["platlib"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f9f896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/locations/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import functools
+import os
+import site
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+# Application Directories
+USER_CACHE_DIR = appdirs.user_cache_dir("pip")
+
+# FIXME doesn't account for venv linked to global site-packages
+site_packages: str = sysconfig.get_path("purelib")
+
+
+def get_major_minor_version() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the major-minor version of the current Python as a string, e.g.
+    "3.7" or "3.10".
+    """
+    return "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)
+
+
+def change_root(new_root: str, pathname: str) -> str:
+    """Return 'pathname' with 'new_root' prepended.
+
+    If 'pathname' is relative, this is equivalent to os.path.join(new_root, pathname).
+    Otherwise, it requires making 'pathname' relative and then joining the
+    two, which is tricky on DOS/Windows and Mac OS.
+
+    This is borrowed from Python's standard library's distutils module.
+    """
+    if os.name == "posix":
+        if not os.path.isabs(pathname):
+            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname)
+        else:
+            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname[1:])
+
+    elif os.name == "nt":
+        (drive, path) = os.path.splitdrive(pathname)
+        if path[0] == "\\":
+            path = path[1:]
+        return os.path.join(new_root, path)
+
+    else:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Unknown platform: {os.name}\n"
+            "Can not change root path prefix on unknown platform."
+        )
+
+
+def get_src_prefix() -> str:
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        src_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "src")
+    else:
+        # FIXME: keep src in cwd for now (it is not a temporary folder)
+        try:
+            src_prefix = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "src")
+        except OSError:
+            # In case the current working directory has been renamed or deleted
+            sys.exit("The folder you are executing pip from can no longer be found.")
+
+    # under macOS + virtualenv sys.prefix is not properly resolved
+    # it is something like /path/to/python/bin/..
+    return os.path.abspath(src_prefix)
+
+
+try:
+    # Use getusersitepackages if this is present, as it ensures that the
+    # value is initialised properly.
+    user_site: typing.Optional[str] = site.getusersitepackages()
+except AttributeError:
+    user_site = site.USER_SITE
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def is_osx_framework() -> bool:
+    return bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK"))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c6d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+
+def main(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """This is preserved for old console scripts that may still be referencing
+    it.
+
+    For additional details, see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/7498.
+    """
+    from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import _wrapper
+
+    return _wrapper(args)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa232b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Type, cast
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool
+
+from .base import BaseDistribution, BaseEnvironment, FilesystemWheel, MemoryWheel, Wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal, Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BaseDistribution",
+    "BaseEnvironment",
+    "FilesystemWheel",
+    "MemoryWheel",
+    "Wheel",
+    "get_default_environment",
+    "get_environment",
+    "get_wheel_distribution",
+    "select_backend",
+]
+
+
+def _should_use_importlib_metadata() -> bool:
+    """Whether to use the ``importlib.metadata`` or ``pkg_resources`` backend.
+
+    By default, pip uses ``importlib.metadata`` on Python 3.11+, and
+    ``pkg_resourcess`` otherwise. This can be overridden by a couple of ways:
+
+    * If environment variable ``_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA`` is set, it
+      dictates whether ``importlib.metadata`` is used, regardless of Python
+      version.
+    * On Python 3.11+, Python distributors can patch ``importlib.metadata``
+      to add a global constant ``_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA = False``. This
+      makes pip use ``pkg_resources`` (unless the user set the aforementioned
+      environment variable to *True*).
+    """
+    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError, ValueError):
+        return bool(strtobool(os.environ["_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA"]))
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        return False
+    import importlib.metadata
+
+    return bool(getattr(importlib.metadata, "_PIP_USE_IMPORTLIB_METADATA", True))
+
+
+class Backend(Protocol):
+    NAME: 'Literal["importlib", "pkg_resources"]'
+    Distribution: Type[BaseDistribution]
+    Environment: Type[BaseEnvironment]
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def select_backend() -> Backend:
+    if _should_use_importlib_metadata():
+        from . import importlib
+
+        return cast(Backend, importlib)
+    from . import pkg_resources
+
+    return cast(Backend, pkg_resources)
+
+
+def get_default_environment() -> BaseEnvironment:
+    """Get the default representation for the current environment.
+
+    This returns an Environment instance from the chosen backend. The default
+    Environment instance should be built from ``sys.path`` and may use caching
+    to share instance state accorss calls.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Environment.default()
+
+
+def get_environment(paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+    """Get a representation of the environment specified by ``paths``.
+
+    This returns an Environment instance from the chosen backend based on the
+    given import paths. The backend must build a fresh instance representing
+    the state of installed distributions when this function is called.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Environment.from_paths(paths)
+
+
+def get_directory_distribution(directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the distribution metadata representation in the specified directory.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend based on
+    the given on-disk ``.dist-info`` directory.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_directory(directory)
+
+
+def get_wheel_distribution(wheel: Wheel, canonical_name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the representation of the specified wheel's distribution metadata.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend based on
+    the given wheel's ``.dist-info`` directory.
+
+    :param canonical_name: Normalized project name of the given wheel.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_wheel(wheel, canonical_name)
+
+
+def get_metadata_distribution(
+    metadata_contents: bytes,
+    filename: str,
+    canonical_name: str,
+) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Get the dist representation of the specified METADATA file contents.
+
+    This returns a Distribution instance from the chosen backend sourced from the data
+    in `metadata_contents`.
+
+    :param metadata_contents: Contents of a METADATA file within a dist, or one served
+                              via PEP 658.
+    :param filename: Filename for the dist this metadata represents.
+    :param canonical_name: Normalized project name of the given dist.
+    """
+    return select_backend().Distribution.from_metadata_file_contents(
+        metadata_contents,
+        filename,
+        canonical_name,
+    )
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27362fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/_json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Extracted from https://github.com/pfmoore/pkg_metadata
+
+from email.header import Header, decode_header, make_header
+from email.message import Message
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union
+
+METADATA_FIELDS = [
+    # Name, Multiple-Use
+    ("Metadata-Version", False),
+    ("Name", False),
+    ("Version", False),
+    ("Dynamic", True),
+    ("Platform", True),
+    ("Supported-Platform", True),
+    ("Summary", False),
+    ("Description", False),
+    ("Description-Content-Type", False),
+    ("Keywords", False),
+    ("Home-page", False),
+    ("Download-URL", False),
+    ("Author", False),
+    ("Author-email", False),
+    ("Maintainer", False),
+    ("Maintainer-email", False),
+    ("License", False),
+    ("Classifier", True),
+    ("Requires-Dist", True),
+    ("Requires-Python", False),
+    ("Requires-External", True),
+    ("Project-URL", True),
+    ("Provides-Extra", True),
+    ("Provides-Dist", True),
+    ("Obsoletes-Dist", True),
+]
+
+
+def json_name(field: str) -> str:
+    return field.lower().replace("-", "_")
+
+
+def msg_to_json(msg: Message) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Convert a Message object into a JSON-compatible dictionary."""
+
+    def sanitise_header(h: Union[Header, str]) -> str:
+        if isinstance(h, Header):
+            chunks = []
+            for bytes, encoding in decode_header(h):
+                if encoding == "unknown-8bit":
+                    try:
+                        # See if UTF-8 works
+                        bytes.decode("utf-8")
+                        encoding = "utf-8"
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        # If not, latin1 at least won't fail
+                        encoding = "latin1"
+                chunks.append((bytes, encoding))
+            return str(make_header(chunks))
+        return str(h)
+
+    result = {}
+    for field, multi in METADATA_FIELDS:
+        if field not in msg:
+            continue
+        key = json_name(field)
+        if multi:
+            value: Union[str, List[str]] = [
+                sanitise_header(v) for v in msg.get_all(field)  # type: ignore
+            ]
+        else:
+            value = sanitise_header(msg.get(field))  # type: ignore
+            if key == "keywords":
+                # Accept both comma-separated and space-separated
+                # forms, for better compatibility with old data.
+                if "," in value:
+                    value = [v.strip() for v in value.split(",")]
+                else:
+                    value = value.split()
+        result[key] = value
+
+    payload = msg.get_payload()
+    if payload:
+        result["description"] = payload
+
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9249124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+import csv
+import email.message
+import functools
+import json
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import re
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Collection,
+    Container,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NoneMetadataError
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import (
+    DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+    DirectUrl,
+    DirectUrlValidationError,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs  # TODO: Move definition here.
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_sys_path
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_local, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+from ._json import msg_to_json
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    Protocol = object
+
+DistributionVersion = Union[LegacyVersion, Version]
+
+InfoPath = Union[str, pathlib.PurePath]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class BaseEntryPoint(Protocol):
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def group(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def _convert_installed_files_path(
+    entry: Tuple[str, ...],
+    info: Tuple[str, ...],
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a legacy installed-files.txt path into modern RECORD path.
+
+    The legacy format stores paths relative to the info directory, while the
+    modern format stores paths relative to the package root, e.g. the
+    site-packages directory.
+
+    :param entry: Path parts of the installed-files.txt entry.
+    :param info: Path parts of the egg-info directory relative to package root.
+    :returns: The converted entry.
+
+    For best compatibility with symlinks, this does not use ``abspath()`` or
+    ``Path.resolve()``, but tries to work with path parts:
+
+    1. While ``entry`` starts with ``..``, remove the equal amounts of parts
+       from ``info``; if ``info`` is empty, start appending ``..`` instead.
+    2. Join the two directly.
+    """
+    while entry and entry[0] == "..":
+        if not info or info[-1] == "..":
+            info += ("..",)
+        else:
+            info = info[:-1]
+        entry = entry[1:]
+    return str(pathlib.Path(*info, *entry))
+
+
+class RequiresEntry(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    extra: str
+    marker: str
+
+
+class BaseDistribution(Protocol):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a metadata directory.
+
+        :param directory: Path to a metadata directory, e.g. ``.dist-info``.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from the contents of a METADATA file.
+
+        This is used to implement PEP 658 by generating a "shallow" dist object that can
+        be used for resolution without downloading or building the actual dist yet.
+
+        :param metadata_contents: The contents of a METADATA file.
+        :param filename: File name for the dist with this metadata.
+        :param project_name: Name of the project this dist represents.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: "Wheel", name: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
+        """Load the distribution from a given wheel.
+
+        :param wheel: A concrete wheel definition.
+        :param name: File name of the wheel.
+
+        :raises InvalidWheel: Whenever loading of the wheel causes a
+            :py:exc:`zipfile.BadZipFile` exception to be thrown.
+        :raises UnsupportedWheel: If the wheel is a valid zip, but malformed
+            internally.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.version} ({self.location})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.version}"
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Where the distribution is loaded from.
+
+        A string value is not necessarily a filesystem path, since distributions
+        can be loaded from other sources, e.g. arbitrary zip archives. ``None``
+        means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def editable_project_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The project location for editable distributions.
+
+        This is the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is located.
+        None if the distribution is not installed in editable mode.
+        """
+        # TODO: this property is relatively costly to compute, memoize it ?
+        direct_url = self.direct_url
+        if direct_url:
+            if direct_url.is_local_editable():
+                return url_to_path(direct_url.url)
+        else:
+            # Search for an .egg-link file by walking sys.path, as it was
+            # done before by dist_is_editable().
+            egg_link_path = egg_link_path_from_sys_path(self.raw_name)
+            if egg_link_path:
+                # TODO: get project location from second line of egg_link file
+                #       (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10243)
+                return self.location
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """The distribution's "installed" location.
+
+        This should generally be a ``site-packages`` directory. This is
+        usually ``dist.location``, except for legacy develop-installed packages,
+        where ``dist.location`` is the source code location, and this is where
+        the ``.egg-link`` file is.
+
+        The returned location is normalized (in particular, with symlinks removed).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Location of the .[egg|dist]-info directory or file.
+
+        Similarly to ``location``, a string value is not necessarily a
+        filesystem path. ``None`` means the distribution is created in-memory.
+
+        For a modern .dist-info installation on disk, this should be something
+        like ``{location}/{raw_name}-{version}.dist-info``.
+
+        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
+        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
+        it and other files in the distribution.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with legacy distutils format.
+
+        A distribution installed with "raw" distutils not patched by setuptools
+        uses one single file at ``info_location`` to store metadata. We need to
+        treat this specially on uninstallation.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_file()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_as_egg(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed as an egg.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed by (older versions
+        of) easy_install.
+        """
+        location = self.location
+        if not location:
+            return False
+        return location.endswith(".egg")
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_setuptools_egg_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the ``.egg-info`` format.
+
+        This usually indicates the distribution was installed with setuptools
+        with an old pip version or with ``single-version-externally-managed``.
+
+        Note that this ensure the metadata store is a directory. distutils can
+        also installs an ``.egg-info``, but as a file, not a directory. This
+        property is *False* for that case. Also see ``installed_by_distutils``.
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def installed_with_dist_info(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this distribution is installed with the "modern format".
+
+        This indicates a "modern" installation, e.g. storing metadata in the
+        ``.dist-info`` directory. This applies to installations made by
+        setuptools (but through pip, not directly), or anything using the
+        standardized build backend interface (PEP 517).
+        """
+        info_location = self.info_location
+        if not info_location:
+            return False
+        if not info_location.endswith(".dist-info"):
+            return False
+        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> DistributionVersion:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def setuptools_filename(self) -> str:
+        """Convert a project name to its setuptools-compatible filename.
+
+        This is a copy of ``pkg_resources.to_filename()`` for compatibility.
+        """
+        return self.raw_name.replace("-", "_")
+
+    @property
+    def direct_url(self) -> Optional[DirectUrl]:
+        """Obtain a DirectUrl from this distribution.
+
+        Returns None if the distribution has no `direct_url.json` metadata,
+        or if `direct_url.json` is invalid.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return DirectUrl.from_json(content)
+        except (
+            UnicodeDecodeError,
+            json.JSONDecodeError,
+            DirectUrlValidationError,
+        ) as e:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Error parsing %s for %s: %s",
+                DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
+                self.canonical_name,
+                e,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def installer(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            installer_text = self.read_text("INSTALLER")
+        except (OSError, ValueError, NoneMetadataError):
+            return ""  # Fail silently if the installer file cannot be read.
+        for line in installer_text.splitlines():
+            cleaned_line = line.strip()
+            if cleaned_line:
+                return cleaned_line
+        return ""
+
+    @property
+    def requested(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file("REQUESTED")
+
+    @property
+    def editable(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.editable_project_location)
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> bool:
+        """If distribution is installed in the current virtual environment.
+
+        Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.
+        """
+        if self.installed_location is None:
+            return False
+        return is_local(self.installed_location)
+
+    @property
+    def in_usersite(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or user_site is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(user_site))
+
+    @property
+    def in_site_packages(self) -> bool:
+        if self.installed_location is None or site_packages is None:
+            return False
+        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        """Check whether an entry in the info directory is a file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        """Find distutils 'scripts' entries metadata.
+
+        If 'scripts' is supplied in ``setup.py``, distutils records those in the
+        installed distribution's ``scripts`` directory, a file for each script.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        """Read a file in the info directory.
+
+        :raise FileNotFoundError: If ``path`` does not exist in the directory.
+        :raise NoneMetadataError: If ``path`` exists in the info directory, but
+            cannot be read.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def _metadata_cached(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        # When we drop python 3.7 support, move this to the metadata property and use
+        # functools.cached_property instead of lru_cache.
+        metadata = self._metadata_impl()
+        self._add_egg_info_requires(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    @property
+    def metadata(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """Metadata of distribution parsed from e.g. METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty message if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        return self._metadata_cached()
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """PEP 566 compliant JSON-serializable representation of METADATA or PKG-INFO.
+
+        This should return an empty dict if the metadata file is unavailable.
+
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
+            not contain valid metadata.
+        """
+        return msg_to_json(self.metadata)
+
+    @property
+    def metadata_version(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Value of "Metadata-Version:" in distribution metadata, if available."""
+        return self.metadata.get("Metadata-Version")
+
+    @property
+    def raw_name(self) -> str:
+        """Value of "Name:" in distribution metadata."""
+        # The metadata should NEVER be missing the Name: key, but if it somehow
+        # does, fall back to the known canonical name.
+        return self.metadata.get("Name", self.canonical_name)
+
+    @property
+    def requires_python(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        """Value of "Requires-Python:" in distribution metadata.
+
+        If the key does not exist or contains an invalid value, an empty
+        SpecifierSet should be returned.
+        """
+        value = self.metadata.get("Requires-Python")
+        if value is None:
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        try:
+            # Convert to str to satisfy the type checker; this can be a Header object.
+            spec = SpecifierSet(str(value))
+        except InvalidSpecifier as e:
+            message = "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s"
+            logger.warning(message, self.raw_name, e)
+            return SpecifierSet()
+        return spec
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        """Dependencies of this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Requires-Dist:" entries in distribution metadata.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Extras provided by this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
+        "Provides-Extra:" entries in distribution metadata.
+
+        The return value of this function is not particularly useful other than
+        display purposes due to backward compatibility issues and the extra
+        names being poorly normalized prior to PEP 685. If you want to perform
+        logic operations on extras, use :func:`is_extra_provided` instead.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def is_extra_provided(self, extra: str) -> bool:
+        """Check whether an extra is provided by this distribution.
+
+        This is needed mostly for compatibility issues with pkg_resources not
+        following the extra normalization rules defined in PEP 685.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_record(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("RECORD")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        # This extra Path-str cast normalizes entries.
+        return (str(pathlib.Path(row[0])) for row in csv.reader(text.splitlines()))
+
+    def _iter_declared_entries_from_legacy(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        try:
+            text = self.read_text("installed-files.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        paths = (p for p in text.splitlines(keepends=False) if p)
+        root = self.location
+        info = self.info_location
+        if root is None or info is None:
+            return paths
+        try:
+            info_rel = pathlib.Path(info).relative_to(root)
+        except ValueError:  # info is not relative to root.
+            return paths
+        if not info_rel.parts:  # info *is* root.
+            return paths
+        return (
+            _convert_installed_files_path(pathlib.Path(p).parts, info_rel.parts)
+            for p in paths
+        )
+
+    def iter_declared_entries(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
+        """Iterate through file entries declared in this distribution.
+
+        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the files listed in the
+        ``RECORD`` metadata file. For legacy setuptools distributions, this
+        comes from ``installed-files.txt``, with entries normalized to be
+        compatible with the format used by ``RECORD``.
+
+        :return: An iterator for listed entries, or None if the distribution
+            contains neither ``RECORD`` nor ``installed-files.txt``.
+        """
+        return (
+            self._iter_declared_entries_from_record()
+            or self._iter_declared_entries_from_legacy()
+        )
+
+    def _iter_requires_txt_entries(self) -> Iterator[RequiresEntry]:
+        """Parse a ``requires.txt`` in an egg-info directory.
+
+        This is an INI-ish format where an egg-info stores dependencies. A
+        section name describes extra other environment markers, while each entry
+        is an arbitrary string (not a key-value pair) representing a dependency
+        as a requirement string (no markers).
+
+        There is a construct in ``importlib.metadata`` called ``Sectioned`` that
+        does mostly the same, but the format is currently considered private.
+        """
+        try:
+            content = self.read_text("requires.txt")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return
+        extra = marker = ""  # Section-less entries don't have markers.
+        for line in content.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line or line.startswith("#"):  # Comment; ignored.
+                continue
+            if line.startswith("[") and line.endswith("]"):  # A section header.
+                extra, _, marker = line.strip("[]").partition(":")
+                continue
+            yield RequiresEntry(requirement=line, extra=extra, marker=marker)
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get extras from the egg-info directory."""
+        known_extras = {""}
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra in known_extras:
+                continue
+            known_extras.add(extra)
+            yield extra
+
+    def _iter_egg_info_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Get distribution dependencies from the egg-info directory.
+
+        To ease parsing, this converts a legacy dependency entry into a PEP 508
+        requirement string. Like ``_iter_requires_txt_entries()``, there is code
+        in ``importlib.metadata`` that does mostly the same, but not do exactly
+        what we need.
+
+        Namely, ``importlib.metadata`` does not normalize the extra name before
+        putting it into the requirement string, which causes marker comparison
+        to fail because the dist-info format do normalize. This is consistent in
+        all currently available PEP 517 backends, although not standardized.
+        """
+        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
+            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
+            if extra and entry.marker:
+                marker = f'({entry.marker}) and extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif extra:
+                marker = f'extra == "{extra}"'
+            elif entry.marker:
+                marker = entry.marker
+            else:
+                marker = ""
+            if marker:
+                yield f"{entry.requirement} ; {marker}"
+            else:
+                yield entry.requirement
+
+    def _add_egg_info_requires(self, metadata: email.message.Message) -> None:
+        """Add egg-info requires.txt information to the metadata."""
+        if not metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist"):
+            for dep in self._iter_egg_info_dependencies():
+                metadata["Requires-Dist"] = dep
+        if not metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"):
+            for extra in self._iter_egg_info_extras():
+                metadata["Provides-Extra"] = extra
+
+
+class BaseEnvironment:
+    """An environment containing distributions to introspect."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> "BaseEnvironment":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Given a requirement name, return the installed distributions.
+
+        The name may not be normalized. The implementation must canonicalize
+        it for lookup.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator["BaseDistribution"]:
+        """Iterate through installed distributions.
+
+        This function should be implemented by subclass, but never called
+        directly. Use the public ``iter_distribution()`` instead, which
+        implements additional logic to make sure the distributions are valid.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def iter_all_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Iterate through all installed distributions without any filtering."""
+        for dist in self._iter_distributions():
+            # Make sure the distribution actually comes from a valid Python
+            # packaging distribution. Pip's AdjacentTempDirectory leaves folders
+            # e.g. ``~atplotlib.dist-info`` if cleanup was interrupted. The
+            # valid project name pattern is taken from PEP 508.
+            project_name_valid = re.match(
+                r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                flags=re.IGNORECASE,
+            )
+            if not project_name_valid:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring invalid distribution %s (%s)",
+                    dist.canonical_name,
+                    dist.location,
+                )
+                continue
+            yield dist
+
+    def iter_installed_distributions(
+        self,
+        local_only: bool = True,
+        skip: Container[str] = stdlib_pkgs,
+        include_editables: bool = True,
+        editables_only: bool = False,
+        user_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Return a list of installed distributions.
+
+        This is based on ``iter_all_distributions()`` with additional filtering
+        options. Note that ``iter_installed_distributions()`` without arguments
+        is *not* equal to ``iter_all_distributions()``, since some of the
+        configurations exclude packages by default.
+
+        :param local_only: If True (default), only return installations
+        local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.
+        :param skip: An iterable of canonicalized project names to ignore;
+            defaults to ``stdlib_pkgs``.
+        :param include_editables: If False, don't report editables.
+        :param editables_only: If True, only report editables.
+        :param user_only: If True, only report installations in the user
+        site directory.
+        """
+        it = self.iter_all_distributions()
+        if local_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.local)
+        if not include_editables:
+            it = (d for d in it if not d.editable)
+        if editables_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.editable)
+        if user_only:
+            it = (d for d in it if d.in_usersite)
+        return (d for d in it if d.canonical_name not in skip)
+
+
+class Wheel(Protocol):
+    location: str
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FilesystemWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.location, allowZip64=True)
+
+
+class MemoryWheel(Wheel):
+    def __init__(self, location: str, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.location = location
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
+        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.stream, allowZip64=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a779138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from ._dists import Distribution
+from ._envs import Environment
+
+__all__ = ["NAME", "Distribution", "Environment"]
+
+NAME = "importlib"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..593bff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import importlib.metadata
+from typing import Any, Optional, Protocol, cast
+
+
+class BadMetadata(ValueError):
+    def __init__(self, dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution, *, reason: str) -> None:
+        self.dist = dist
+        self.reason = reason
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Bad metadata in {self.dist} ({self.reason})"
+
+
+class BasePath(Protocol):
+    """A protocol that various path objects conform.
+
+    This exists because importlib.metadata uses both ``pathlib.Path`` and
+    ``zipfile.Path``, and we need a common base for type hints (Union does not
+    work well since ``zipfile.Path`` is too new for our linter setup).
+
+    This does not mean to be exhaustive, but only contains things that present
+    in both classes *that we need*.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self) -> "BasePath":
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+def get_info_location(d: importlib.metadata.Distribution) -> Optional[BasePath]:
+    """Find the path to the distribution's metadata directory.
+
+    HACK: This relies on importlib.metadata's private ``_path`` attribute. Not
+    all distributions exist on disk, so importlib.metadata is correct to not
+    expose the attribute as public. But pip's code base is old and not as clean,
+    so we do this to avoid having to rewrite too many things. Hopefully we can
+    eliminate this some day.
+    """
+    return getattr(d, "_path", None)
+
+
+def get_dist_name(dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution) -> str:
+    """Get the distribution's project name.
+
+    The ``name`` attribute is only available in Python 3.10 or later. We are
+    targeting exactly that, but Mypy does not know this.
+    """
+    name = cast(Any, dist).name
+    if not isinstance(name, str):
+        raise BadMetadata(dist, reason="invalid metadata entry 'name'")
+    return name
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26370fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_dists.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+import email.message
+import importlib.metadata
+import os
+import pathlib
+import zipfile
+from typing import (
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheel, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    BaseEntryPoint,
+    DistributionVersion,
+    InfoPath,
+    Wheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel, read_wheel_metadata_file
+
+from ._compat import BasePath, get_dist_name
+
+
+class WheelDistribution(importlib.metadata.Distribution):
+    """An ``importlib.metadata.Distribution`` read from a wheel.
+
+    Although ``importlib.metadata.PathDistribution`` accepts ``zipfile.Path``,
+    its implementation is too "lazy" for pip's needs (we can't keep the ZipFile
+    handle open for the entire lifetime of the distribution object).
+
+    This implementation eagerly reads the entire metadata directory into the
+    memory instead, and operates from that.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        files: Mapping[pathlib.PurePosixPath, bytes],
+        info_location: pathlib.PurePosixPath,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._files = files
+        self.info_location = info_location
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_zipfile(
+        cls,
+        zf: zipfile.ZipFile,
+        name: str,
+        location: str,
+    ) -> "WheelDistribution":
+        info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(zf, name)
+        paths = (
+            (name, pathlib.PurePosixPath(name.split("/", 1)[-1]))
+            for name in zf.namelist()
+            if name.startswith(f"{info_dir}/")
+        )
+        files = {
+            relpath: read_wheel_metadata_file(zf, fullpath)
+            for fullpath, relpath in paths
+        }
+        info_location = pathlib.PurePosixPath(location, info_dir)
+        return cls(files, info_location)
+
+    def iterdir(self, path: InfoPath) -> Iterator[pathlib.PurePosixPath]:
+        # Only allow iterating through the metadata directory.
+        if pathlib.PurePosixPath(str(path)) in self._files:
+            return iter(self._files)
+        raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def read_text(self, filename: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        try:
+            data = self._files[pathlib.PurePosixPath(filename)]
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+        try:
+            text = data.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            wheel = self.info_location.parent
+            error = f"Error decoding metadata for {wheel}: {e} in {filename} file"
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(error)
+        return text
+
+
+class Distribution(BaseDistribution):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: importlib.metadata.Distribution,
+        info_location: Optional[BasePath],
+        installed_location: Optional[BasePath],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._dist = dist
+        self._info_location = info_location
+        self._installed_location = installed_location
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        info_location = pathlib.Path(directory)
+        dist = importlib.metadata.Distribution.at(info_location)
+        return cls(dist, info_location, info_location.parent)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        # Generate temp dir to contain the metadata file, and write the file contents.
+        temp_dir = pathlib.Path(
+            TempDirectory(kind="metadata", globally_managed=True).path
+        )
+        metadata_path = temp_dir / "METADATA"
+        metadata_path.write_bytes(metadata_contents)
+        # Construct dist pointing to the newly created directory.
+        dist = importlib.metadata.Distribution.at(metadata_path.parent)
+        return cls(dist, metadata_path.parent, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: Wheel, name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            with wheel.as_zipfile() as zf:
+                dist = WheelDistribution.from_zipfile(zf, name, wheel.location)
+        except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+            raise InvalidWheel(wheel.location, name) from e
+        except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {e}")
+        return cls(dist, dist.info_location, pathlib.PurePosixPath(wheel.location))
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        return str(self._info_location.parent)
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        return str(self._info_location)
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._installed_location is None:
+            return None
+        return normalize_path(str(self._installed_location))
+
+    def _get_dist_name_from_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Try to get the name from the metadata directory name.
+
+        This is much faster than reading metadata.
+        """
+        if self._info_location is None:
+            return None
+        stem, suffix = os.path.splitext(self._info_location.name)
+        if suffix not in (".dist-info", ".egg-info"):
+            return None
+        return stem.split("-", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        name = self._get_dist_name_from_location() or get_dist_name(self._dist)
+        return canonicalize_name(name)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> DistributionVersion:
+        return parse_version(self._dist.version)
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        return self._dist.read_text(str(path)) is not None
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        # A distutils installation is always "flat" (not in e.g. egg form), so
+        # if this distribution's info location is NOT a pathlib.Path (but e.g.
+        # zipfile.Path), it can never contain any distutils scripts.
+        if not isinstance(self._info_location, pathlib.Path):
+            return
+        for child in self._info_location.joinpath("scripts").iterdir():
+            yield child.name
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        content = self._dist.read_text(str(path))
+        if content is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        return content
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        # importlib.metadata's EntryPoint structure sasitfies BaseEntryPoint.
+        return self._dist.entry_points
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        # From Python 3.10+, importlib.metadata declares PackageMetadata as the
+        # return type. This protocol is unfortunately a disaster now and misses
+        # a ton of fields that we need, including get() and get_payload(). We
+        # rely on the implementation that the object is actually a Message now,
+        # until upstream can improve the protocol. (python/cpython#94952)
+        return cast(email.message.Message, self._dist.metadata)
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return self.metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra", [])
+
+    def is_extra_provided(self, extra: str) -> bool:
+        return any(
+            canonicalize_name(provided_extra) == canonicalize_name(extra)
+            for provided_extra in self.metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra", [])
+        )
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        contexts: Sequence[Dict[str, str]] = [{"extra": e} for e in extras]
+        for req_string in self.metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", []):
+            req = Requirement(req_string)
+            if not req.marker:
+                yield req
+            elif not extras and req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""}):
+                yield req
+            elif any(req.marker.evaluate(context) for context in contexts):
+                yield req
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..048dc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import functools
+import importlib.metadata
+import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import sys
+import zipfile
+import zipimport
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution, BaseEnvironment
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+
+from ._compat import BadMetadata, BasePath, get_dist_name, get_info_location
+from ._dists import Distribution
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _looks_like_wheel(location: str) -> bool:
+    if not location.endswith(WHEEL_EXTENSION):
+        return False
+    if not os.path.isfile(location):
+        return False
+    if not Wheel.wheel_file_re.match(os.path.basename(location)):
+        return False
+    return zipfile.is_zipfile(location)
+
+
+class _DistributionFinder:
+    """Finder to locate distributions.
+
+    The main purpose of this class is to memoize found distributions' names, so
+    only one distribution is returned for each package name. At lot of pip code
+    assumes this (because it is setuptools's behavior), and not doing the same
+    can potentially cause a distribution in lower precedence path to override a
+    higher precedence one if the caller is not careful.
+
+    Eventually we probably want to make it possible to see lower precedence
+    installations as well. It's useful feature, after all.
+    """
+
+    FoundResult = Tuple[importlib.metadata.Distribution, Optional[BasePath]]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._found_names: Set[NormalizedName] = set()
+
+    def _find_impl(self, location: str) -> Iterator[FoundResult]:
+        """Find distributions in a location."""
+        # Skip looking inside a wheel. Since a package inside a wheel is not
+        # always valid (due to .data directories etc.), its .dist-info entry
+        # should not be considered an installed distribution.
+        if _looks_like_wheel(location):
+            return
+        # To know exactly where we find a distribution, we have to feed in the
+        # paths one by one, instead of dumping the list to importlib.metadata.
+        for dist in importlib.metadata.distributions(path=[location]):
+            info_location = get_info_location(dist)
+            try:
+                raw_name = get_dist_name(dist)
+            except BadMetadata as e:
+                logger.warning("Skipping %s due to %s", info_location, e.reason)
+                continue
+            normalized_name = canonicalize_name(raw_name)
+            if normalized_name in self._found_names:
+                continue
+            self._found_names.add(normalized_name)
+            yield dist, info_location
+
+    def find(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find distributions in a location.
+
+        The path can be either a directory, or a ZIP archive.
+        """
+        for dist, info_location in self._find_impl(location):
+            if info_location is None:
+                installed_location: Optional[BasePath] = None
+            else:
+                installed_location = info_location.parent
+            yield Distribution(dist, info_location, installed_location)
+
+    def find_linked(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Read location in egg-link files and return distributions in there.
+
+        The path should be a directory; otherwise this returns nothing. This
+        follows how setuptools does this for compatibility. The first non-empty
+        line in the egg-link is read as a path (resolved against the egg-link's
+        containing directory if relative). Distributions found at that linked
+        location are returned.
+        """
+        path = pathlib.Path(location)
+        if not path.is_dir():
+            return
+        for child in path.iterdir():
+            if child.suffix != ".egg-link":
+                continue
+            with child.open() as f:
+                lines = (line.strip() for line in f)
+                target_rel = next((line for line in lines if line), "")
+            if not target_rel:
+                continue
+            target_location = str(path.joinpath(target_rel))
+            for dist, info_location in self._find_impl(target_location):
+                yield Distribution(dist, info_location, path)
+
+    def _find_eggs_in_dir(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_distributions
+
+        from pip._internal.metadata import pkg_resources as legacy
+
+        with os.scandir(location) as it:
+            for entry in it:
+                if not entry.name.endswith(".egg"):
+                    continue
+                for dist in find_distributions(entry.path):
+                    yield legacy.Distribution(dist)
+
+    def _find_eggs_in_zip(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import find_eggs_in_zip
+
+        from pip._internal.metadata import pkg_resources as legacy
+
+        try:
+            importer = zipimport.zipimporter(location)
+        except zipimport.ZipImportError:
+            return
+        for dist in find_eggs_in_zip(importer, location):
+            yield legacy.Distribution(dist)
+
+    def find_eggs(self, location: str) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find eggs in a location.
+
+        This actually uses the old *pkg_resources* backend. We likely want to
+        deprecate this so we can eventually remove the *pkg_resources*
+        dependency entirely. Before that, this should first emit a deprecation
+        warning for some versions when using the fallback since importing
+        *pkg_resources* is slow for those who don't need it.
+        """
+        if os.path.isdir(location):
+            yield from self._find_eggs_in_dir(location)
+        if zipfile.is_zipfile(location):
+            yield from self._find_eggs_in_zip(location)
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)  # Warn a distribution exactly once.
+def _emit_egg_deprecation(location: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    deprecated(
+        reason=f"Loading egg at {location} is deprecated.",
+        replacement="to use pip for package installation.",
+        gone_in="24.3",
+        issue=12330,
+    )
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    def __init__(self, paths: Sequence[str]) -> None:
+        self._paths = paths
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(sys.path)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        if paths is None:
+            return cls(sys.path)
+        return cls(paths)
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        finder = _DistributionFinder()
+        for location in self._paths:
+            yield from finder.find(location)
+            for dist in finder.find_eggs(location):
+                _emit_egg_deprecation(dist.location)
+                yield dist
+            # This must go last because that's how pkg_resources tie-breaks.
+            yield from finder.find_linked(location)
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        matches = (
+            distribution
+            for distribution in self.iter_all_distributions()
+            if distribution.canonical_name == canonicalize_name(name)
+        )
+        return next(matches, None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb11e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/metadata/pkg_resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+import email.message
+import email.parser
+import logging
+import os
+import zipfile
+from typing import Collection, Iterable, Iterator, List, Mapping, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor import pkg_resources
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheel, NoneMetadataError, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_location
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import display_path, normalize_path
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel, read_wheel_metadata_file
+
+from .base import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    BaseEntryPoint,
+    BaseEnvironment,
+    DistributionVersion,
+    InfoPath,
+    Wheel,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["NAME", "Distribution", "Environment"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+NAME = "pkg_resources"
+
+
+class EntryPoint(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    value: str
+    group: str
+
+
+class InMemoryMetadata:
+    """IMetadataProvider that reads metadata files from a dictionary.
+
+    This also maps metadata decoding exceptions to our internal exception type.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata: Mapping[str, bytes], wheel_name: str) -> None:
+        self._metadata = metadata
+        self._wheel_name = wheel_name
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return name in self._metadata
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name: str) -> str:
+        try:
+            return self._metadata[name].decode()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+            # Augment the default error with the origin of the file.
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(
+                f"Error decoding metadata for {self._wheel_name}: {e} in {name} file"
+            )
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return pkg_resources.yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name: str) -> List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name: str, namespace: str) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class Distribution(BaseDistribution):
+    def __init__(self, dist: pkg_resources.Distribution) -> None:
+        self._dist = dist
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        dist_dir = directory.rstrip(os.sep)
+
+        # Build a PathMetadata object, from path to metadata. :wink:
+        base_dir, dist_dir_name = os.path.split(dist_dir)
+        metadata = pkg_resources.PathMetadata(base_dir, dist_dir)
+
+        # Determine the correct Distribution object type.
+        if dist_dir.endswith(".egg-info"):
+            dist_cls = pkg_resources.Distribution
+            dist_name = os.path.splitext(dist_dir_name)[0]
+        else:
+            assert dist_dir.endswith(".dist-info")
+            dist_cls = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution
+            dist_name = os.path.splitext(dist_dir_name)[0].split("-")[0]
+
+        dist = dist_cls(base_dir, project_name=dist_name, metadata=metadata)
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_metadata_file_contents(
+        cls,
+        metadata_contents: bytes,
+        filename: str,
+        project_name: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        metadata_dict = {
+            "METADATA": metadata_contents,
+        }
+        dist = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution(
+            location=filename,
+            metadata=InMemoryMetadata(metadata_dict, filename),
+            project_name=project_name,
+        )
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: Wheel, name: str) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            with wheel.as_zipfile() as zf:
+                info_dir, _ = parse_wheel(zf, name)
+                metadata_dict = {
+                    path.split("/", 1)[-1]: read_wheel_metadata_file(zf, path)
+                    for path in zf.namelist()
+                    if path.startswith(f"{info_dir}/")
+                }
+        except zipfile.BadZipFile as e:
+            raise InvalidWheel(wheel.location, name) from e
+        except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+            raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {e}")
+        dist = pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution(
+            location=wheel.location,
+            metadata=InMemoryMetadata(metadata_dict, wheel.location),
+            project_name=name,
+        )
+        return cls(dist)
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._dist.location
+
+    @property
+    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        egg_link = egg_link_path_from_location(self.raw_name)
+        if egg_link:
+            location = egg_link
+        elif self.location:
+            location = self.location
+        else:
+            return None
+        return normalize_path(location)
+
+    @property
+    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._dist.egg_info
+
+    @property
+    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
+        # A distutils-installed distribution is provided by FileMetadata. This
+        # provider has a "path" attribute not present anywhere else. Not the
+        # best introspection logic, but pip has been doing this for a long time.
+        try:
+            return bool(self._dist._provider.path)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return canonicalize_name(self._dist.project_name)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> DistributionVersion:
+        return parse_version(self._dist.version)
+
+    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
+        return self._dist.has_metadata(str(path))
+
+    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        yield from self._dist.metadata_listdir("scripts")
+
+    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
+        name = str(path)
+        if not self._dist.has_metadata(name):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(name)
+        content = self._dist.get_metadata(name)
+        if content is None:
+            raise NoneMetadataError(self, name)
+        return content
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
+        for group, entries in self._dist.get_entry_map().items():
+            for name, entry_point in entries.items():
+                name, _, value = str(entry_point).partition("=")
+                yield EntryPoint(name=name.strip(), value=value.strip(), group=group)
+
+    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
+        """
+        :raises NoneMetadataError: if the distribution reports `has_metadata()`
+            True but `get_metadata()` returns None.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self._dist, pkg_resources.DistInfoDistribution):
+            metadata_name = "METADATA"
+        else:
+            metadata_name = "PKG-INFO"
+        try:
+            metadata = self.read_text(metadata_name)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            if self.location:
+                displaying_path = display_path(self.location)
+            else:
+                displaying_path = repr(self.location)
+            logger.warning("No metadata found in %s", displaying_path)
+            metadata = ""
+        feed_parser = email.parser.FeedParser()
+        feed_parser.feed(metadata)
+        return feed_parser.close()
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
+        if extras:  # pkg_resources raises on invalid extras, so we sanitize.
+            extras = frozenset(pkg_resources.safe_extra(e) for e in extras)
+            extras = extras.intersection(self._dist.extras)
+        return self._dist.requires(extras)
+
+    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        return self._dist.extras
+
+    def is_extra_provided(self, extra: str) -> bool:
+        return pkg_resources.safe_extra(extra) in self._dist.extras
+
+
+class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
+    def __init__(self, ws: pkg_resources.WorkingSet) -> None:
+        self._ws = ws
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(pkg_resources.working_set)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> BaseEnvironment:
+        return cls(pkg_resources.WorkingSet(paths))
+
+    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
+        for dist in self._ws:
+            yield Distribution(dist)
+
+    def _search_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Find a distribution matching the ``name`` in the environment.
+
+        This searches from *all* distributions available in the environment, to
+        match the behavior of ``pkg_resources.get_distribution()``.
+        """
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        for dist in self.iter_all_distributions():
+            if dist.canonical_name == canonical_name:
+                return dist
+        return None
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # Search the distribution by looking through the working set.
+        dist = self._search_distribution(name)
+        if dist:
+            return dist
+
+        # If distribution could not be found, call working_set.require to
+        # update the working set, and try to find the distribution again.
+        # This might happen for e.g. when you install a package twice, once
+        # using setup.py develop and again using setup.py install. Now when
+        # running pip uninstall twice, the package gets removed from the
+        # working set in the first uninstall, so we have to populate the
+        # working set again so that pip knows about it and the packages gets
+        # picked up and is successfully uninstalled the second time too.
+        try:
+            # We didn't pass in any version specifiers, so this can never
+            # raise pkg_resources.VersionConflict.
+            self._ws.require(name)
+        except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
+            return None
+        return self._search_distribution(name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7855226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""A package that contains models that represent entities.
+"""
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9184a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/candidate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.models import KeyBasedCompareMixin
+
+
+class InstallationCandidate(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
+    """Represents a potential "candidate" for installation."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["name", "version", "link"]
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, version: str, link: Link) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.version = parse_version(version)
+        self.link = link
+
+        super().__init__(
+            key=(self.name, self.version, self.link),
+            defining_class=InstallationCandidate,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<InstallationCandidate({!r}, {!r}, {!r})>".format(
+            self.name,
+            self.version,
+            self.link,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name!r} candidate (version {self.version} at {self.link})"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0af884b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/direct_url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+""" PEP 610 """
+import json
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DirectUrl",
+    "DirectUrlValidationError",
+    "DirInfo",
+    "ArchiveInfo",
+    "VcsInfo",
+]
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME = "direct_url.json"
+ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"^\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\}(:\$\{[A-Za-z0-9-_]+\})?$")
+
+
+class DirectUrlValidationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _get(
+    d: Dict[str, Any], expected_type: Type[T], key: str, default: Optional[T] = None
+) -> Optional[T]:
+    """Get value from dictionary and verify expected type."""
+    if key not in d:
+        return default
+    value = d[key]
+    if not isinstance(value, expected_type):
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            f"{value!r} has unexpected type for {key} (expected {expected_type})"
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _get_required(
+    d: Dict[str, Any], expected_type: Type[T], key: str, default: Optional[T] = None
+) -> T:
+    value = _get(d, expected_type, key, default)
+    if value is None:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(f"{key} must have a value")
+    return value
+
+
+def _exactly_one_of(infos: Iterable[Optional["InfoType"]]) -> "InfoType":
+    infos = [info for info in infos if info is not None]
+    if not infos:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            "missing one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
+        )
+    if len(infos) > 1:
+        raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+            "more than one of archive_info, dir_info, vcs_info"
+        )
+    assert infos[0] is not None
+    return infos[0]
+
+
+def _filter_none(**kwargs: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Make dict excluding None values."""
+    return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+
+class VcsInfo:
+    name = "vcs_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vcs: str,
+        commit_id: str,
+        requested_revision: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.vcs = vcs
+        self.requested_revision = requested_revision
+        self.commit_id = commit_id
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["VcsInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(
+            vcs=_get_required(d, str, "vcs"),
+            commit_id=_get_required(d, str, "commit_id"),
+            requested_revision=_get(d, str, "requested_revision"),
+        )
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(
+            vcs=self.vcs,
+            requested_revision=self.requested_revision,
+            commit_id=self.commit_id,
+        )
+
+
+class ArchiveInfo:
+    name = "archive_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hash: Optional[str] = None,
+        hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # set hashes before hash, since the hash setter will further populate hashes
+        self.hashes = hashes
+        self.hash = hash
+
+    @property
+    def hash(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._hash
+
+    @hash.setter
+    def hash(self, value: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if value is not None:
+            # Auto-populate the hashes key to upgrade to the new format automatically.
+            # We don't back-populate the legacy hash key from hashes.
+            try:
+                hash_name, hash_value = value.split("=", 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise DirectUrlValidationError(
+                    f"invalid archive_info.hash format: {value!r}"
+                )
+            if self.hashes is None:
+                self.hashes = {hash_name: hash_value}
+            elif hash_name not in self.hashes:
+                self.hashes = self.hashes.copy()
+                self.hashes[hash_name] = hash_value
+        self._hash = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["ArchiveInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(hash=_get(d, str, "hash"), hashes=_get(d, dict, "hashes"))
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(hash=self.hash, hashes=self.hashes)
+
+
+class DirInfo:
+    name = "dir_info"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        editable: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.editable = editable
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_dict(cls, d: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional["DirInfo"]:
+        if d is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(editable=_get_required(d, bool, "editable", default=False))
+
+    def _to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return _filter_none(editable=self.editable or None)
+
+
+InfoType = Union[ArchiveInfo, DirInfo, VcsInfo]
+
+
+class DirectUrl:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        info: InfoType,
+        subdirectory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.url = url
+        self.info = info
+        self.subdirectory = subdirectory
+
+    def _remove_auth_from_netloc(self, netloc: str) -> str:
+        if "@" not in netloc:
+            return netloc
+        user_pass, netloc_no_user_pass = netloc.split("@", 1)
+        if (
+            isinstance(self.info, VcsInfo)
+            and self.info.vcs == "git"
+            and user_pass == "git"
+        ):
+            return netloc
+        if ENV_VAR_RE.match(user_pass):
+            return netloc
+        return netloc_no_user_pass
+
+    @property
+    def redacted_url(self) -> str:
+        """url with user:password part removed unless it is formed with
+        environment variables as specified in PEP 610, or it is ``git``
+        in the case of a git URL.
+        """
+        purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(self.url)
+        netloc = self._remove_auth_from_netloc(purl.netloc)
+        surl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(
+            (purl.scheme, netloc, purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
+        )
+        return surl
+
+    def validate(self) -> None:
+        self.from_dict(self.to_dict())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, d: Dict[str, Any]) -> "DirectUrl":
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=_get_required(d, str, "url"),
+            subdirectory=_get(d, str, "subdirectory"),
+            info=_exactly_one_of(
+                [
+                    ArchiveInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "archive_info")),
+                    DirInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "dir_info")),
+                    VcsInfo._from_dict(_get(d, dict, "vcs_info")),
+                ]
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        res = _filter_none(
+            url=self.redacted_url,
+            subdirectory=self.subdirectory,
+        )
+        res[self.info.name] = self.info._to_dict()
+        return res
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, s: str) -> "DirectUrl":
+        return cls.from_dict(json.loads(s))
+
+    def to_json(self) -> str:
+        return json.dumps(self.to_dict(), sort_keys=True)
+
+    def is_local_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(self.info, DirInfo) and self.info.editable
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccd1127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/format_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from typing import FrozenSet, Optional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
+
+
+class FormatControl:
+    """Helper for managing formats from which a package can be installed."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["no_binary", "only_binary"]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        no_binary: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+        only_binary: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if no_binary is None:
+            no_binary = set()
+        if only_binary is None:
+            only_binary = set()
+
+        self.no_binary = no_binary
+        self.only_binary = only_binary
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        if self.__slots__ != other.__slots__:
+            return False
+
+        return all(getattr(self, k) == getattr(other, k) for k in self.__slots__)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.no_binary}, {self.only_binary})"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def handle_mutual_excludes(value: str, target: Set[str], other: Set[str]) -> None:
+        if value.startswith("-"):
+            raise CommandError(
+                "--no-binary / --only-binary option requires 1 argument."
+            )
+        new = value.split(",")
+        while ":all:" in new:
+            other.clear()
+            target.clear()
+            target.add(":all:")
+            del new[: new.index(":all:") + 1]
+            # Without a none, we want to discard everything as :all: covers it
+            if ":none:" not in new:
+                return
+        for name in new:
+            if name == ":none:":
+                target.clear()
+                continue
+            name = canonicalize_name(name)
+            other.discard(name)
+            target.add(name)
+
+    def get_allowed_formats(self, canonical_name: str) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+        result = {"binary", "source"}
+        if canonical_name in self.only_binary:
+            result.discard("source")
+        elif canonical_name in self.no_binary:
+            result.discard("binary")
+        elif ":all:" in self.only_binary:
+            result.discard("source")
+        elif ":all:" in self.no_binary:
+            result.discard("binary")
+        return frozenset(result)
+
+    def disallow_binaries(self) -> None:
+        self.handle_mutual_excludes(
+            ":all:",
+            self.no_binary,
+            self.only_binary,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b94c325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
+
+class PackageIndex:
+    """Represents a Package Index and provides easier access to endpoints"""
+
+    __slots__ = ["url", "netloc", "simple_url", "pypi_url", "file_storage_domain"]
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str, file_storage_domain: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.url = url
+        self.netloc = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url).netloc
+        self.simple_url = self._url_for_path("simple")
+        self.pypi_url = self._url_for_path("pypi")
+
+        # This is part of a temporary hack used to block installs of PyPI
+        # packages which depend on external urls only necessary until PyPI can
+        # block such packages themselves
+        self.file_storage_domain = file_storage_domain
+
+    def _url_for_path(self, path: str) -> str:
+        return urllib.parse.urljoin(self.url, path)
+
+
+PyPI = PackageIndex("https://pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="files.pythonhosted.org")
+TestPyPI = PackageIndex(
+    "https://test.pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="test-files.pythonhosted.org"
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9c6330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/installation_report.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, Sequence
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import default_environment
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+
+class InstallationReport:
+    def __init__(self, install_requirements: Sequence[InstallRequirement]):
+        self._install_requirements = install_requirements
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _install_req_to_dict(cls, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        assert ireq.download_info, f"No download_info for {ireq}"
+        res = {
+            # PEP 610 json for the download URL. download_info.archive_info.hashes may
+            # be absent when the requirement was installed from the wheel cache
+            # and the cache entry was populated by an older pip version that did not
+            # record origin.json.
+            "download_info": ireq.download_info.to_dict(),
+            # is_direct is true if the requirement was a direct URL reference (which
+            # includes editable requirements), and false if the requirement was
+            # downloaded from a PEP 503 index or --find-links.
+            "is_direct": ireq.is_direct,
+            # is_yanked is true if the requirement was yanked from the index, but
+            # was still selected by pip to conform to PEP 592.
+            "is_yanked": ireq.link.is_yanked if ireq.link else False,
+            # requested is true if the requirement was specified by the user (aka
+            # top level requirement), and false if it was installed as a dependency of a
+            # requirement. https://peps.python.org/pep-0376/#requested
+            "requested": ireq.user_supplied,
+            # PEP 566 json encoding for metadata
+            # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#json-compatible-metadata
+            "metadata": ireq.get_dist().metadata_dict,
+        }
+        if ireq.user_supplied and ireq.extras:
+            # For top level requirements, the list of requested extras, if any.
+            res["requested_extras"] = sorted(ireq.extras)
+        return res
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "version": "1",
+            "pip_version": __version__,
+            "install": [
+                self._install_req_to_dict(ireq) for ireq in self._install_requirements
+            ],
+            # https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#environment-markers
+            # TODO: currently, the resolver uses the default environment to evaluate
+            # environment markers, so that is what we report here. In the future, it
+            # should also take into account options such as --python-version or
+            # --platform, perhaps under the form of an environment_override field?
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11198
+            "environment": default_environment(),
+        }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73041b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/link.py
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    pairwise,
+    redact_auth_from_url,
+    split_auth_from_netloc,
+    splitext,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.models import KeyBasedCompareMixin
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._internal.index.collector import IndexContent
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Order matters, earlier hashes have a precedence over later hashes for what
+# we will pick to use.
+_SUPPORTED_HASHES = ("sha512", "sha384", "sha256", "sha224", "sha1", "md5")
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LinkHash:
+    """Links to content may have embedded hash values. This class parses those.
+
+    `name` must be any member of `_SUPPORTED_HASHES`.
+
+    This class can be converted to and from `ArchiveInfo`. While ArchiveInfo intends to
+    be JSON-serializable to conform to PEP 610, this class contains the logic for
+    parsing a hash name and value for correctness, and then checking whether that hash
+    conforms to a schema with `.is_hash_allowed()`."""
+
+    name: str
+    value: str
+
+    _hash_url_fragment_re = re.compile(
+        # NB: we do not validate that the second group (.*) is a valid hex
+        # digest. Instead, we simply keep that string in this class, and then check it
+        # against Hashes when hash-checking is needed. This is easier to debug than
+        # proactively discarding an invalid hex digest, as we handle incorrect hashes
+        # and malformed hashes in the same place.
+        r"[#&]({choices})=([^&]*)".format(
+            choices="|".join(re.escape(hash_name) for hash_name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES)
+        ),
+    )
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        assert self.name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES
+
+    @classmethod
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def find_hash_url_fragment(cls, url: str) -> Optional["LinkHash"]:
+        """Search a string for a checksum algorithm name and encoded output value."""
+        match = cls._hash_url_fragment_re.search(url)
+        if match is None:
+            return None
+        name, value = match.groups()
+        return cls(name=name, value=value)
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        return {self.name: self.value}
+
+    def as_hashes(self) -> Hashes:
+        """Return a Hashes instance which checks only for the current hash."""
+        return Hashes({self.name: [self.value]})
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes: Optional[Hashes]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the current hash is allowed by `hashes`.
+        """
+        if hashes is None:
+            return False
+        return hashes.is_hash_allowed(self.name, hex_digest=self.value)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MetadataFile:
+    """Information about a core metadata file associated with a distribution."""
+
+    hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.hashes is not None:
+            assert all(name in _SUPPORTED_HASHES for name in self.hashes)
+
+
+def supported_hashes(hashes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]) -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    # Remove any unsupported hash types from the mapping. If this leaves no
+    # supported hashes, return None
+    if hashes is None:
+        return None
+    hashes = {n: v for n, v in hashes.items() if n in _SUPPORTED_HASHES}
+    if not hashes:
+        return None
+    return hashes
+
+
+def _clean_url_path_part(part: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean a "part" of a URL path (i.e. after splitting on "@" characters).
+    """
+    # We unquote prior to quoting to make sure nothing is double quoted.
+    return urllib.parse.quote(urllib.parse.unquote(part))
+
+
+def _clean_file_url_path(part: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean the first part of a URL path that corresponds to a local
+    filesystem path (i.e. the first part after splitting on "@" characters).
+    """
+    # We unquote prior to quoting to make sure nothing is double quoted.
+    # Also, on Windows the path part might contain a drive letter which
+    # should not be quoted. On Linux where drive letters do not
+    # exist, the colon should be quoted. We rely on urllib.request
+    # to do the right thing here.
+    return urllib.request.pathname2url(urllib.request.url2pathname(part))
+
+
+# percent-encoded:                   /
+_reserved_chars_re = re.compile("(@|%2F)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+def _clean_url_path(path: str, is_local_path: bool) -> str:
+    """
+    Clean the path portion of a URL.
+    """
+    if is_local_path:
+        clean_func = _clean_file_url_path
+    else:
+        clean_func = _clean_url_path_part
+
+    # Split on the reserved characters prior to cleaning so that
+    # revision strings in VCS URLs are properly preserved.
+    parts = _reserved_chars_re.split(path)
+
+    cleaned_parts = []
+    for to_clean, reserved in pairwise(itertools.chain(parts, [""])):
+        cleaned_parts.append(clean_func(to_clean))
+        # Normalize %xx escapes (e.g. %2f -> %2F)
+        cleaned_parts.append(reserved.upper())
+
+    return "".join(cleaned_parts)
+
+
+def _ensure_quoted_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Make sure a link is fully quoted.
+    For example, if ' ' occurs in the URL, it will be replaced with "%20",
+    and without double-quoting other characters.
+    """
+    # Split the URL into parts according to the general structure
+    # `scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment`.
+    result = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    # If the netloc is empty, then the URL refers to a local filesystem path.
+    is_local_path = not result.netloc
+    path = _clean_url_path(result.path, is_local_path=is_local_path)
+    return urllib.parse.urlunparse(result._replace(path=path))
+
+
+class Link(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
+    """Represents a parsed link from a Package Index's simple URL"""
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_parsed_url",
+        "_url",
+        "_hashes",
+        "comes_from",
+        "requires_python",
+        "yanked_reason",
+        "metadata_file_data",
+        "cache_link_parsing",
+        "egg_fragment",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[Union[str, "IndexContent"]] = None,
+        requires_python: Optional[str] = None,
+        yanked_reason: Optional[str] = None,
+        metadata_file_data: Optional[MetadataFile] = None,
+        cache_link_parsing: bool = True,
+        hashes: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param url: url of the resource pointed to (href of the link)
+        :param comes_from: instance of IndexContent where the link was found,
+            or string.
+        :param requires_python: String containing the `Requires-Python`
+            metadata field, specified in PEP 345. This may be specified by
+            a data-requires-python attribute in the HTML link tag, as
+            described in PEP 503.
+        :param yanked_reason: the reason the file has been yanked, if the
+            file has been yanked, or None if the file hasn't been yanked.
+            This is the value of the "data-yanked" attribute, if present, in
+            a simple repository HTML link. If the file has been yanked but
+            no reason was provided, this should be the empty string. See
+            PEP 592 for more information and the specification.
+        :param metadata_file_data: the metadata attached to the file, or None if
+            no such metadata is provided. This argument, if not None, indicates
+            that a separate metadata file exists, and also optionally supplies
+            hashes for that file.
+        :param cache_link_parsing: A flag that is used elsewhere to determine
+            whether resources retrieved from this link should be cached. PyPI
+            URLs should generally have this set to False, for example.
+        :param hashes: A mapping of hash names to digests to allow us to
+            determine the validity of a download.
+        """
+
+        # The comes_from, requires_python, and metadata_file_data arguments are
+        # only used by classmethods of this class, and are not used in client
+        # code directly.
+
+        # url can be a UNC windows share
+        if url.startswith("\\\\"):
+            url = path_to_url(url)
+
+        self._parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+        # Store the url as a private attribute to prevent accidentally
+        # trying to set a new value.
+        self._url = url
+
+        link_hash = LinkHash.find_hash_url_fragment(url)
+        hashes_from_link = {} if link_hash is None else link_hash.as_dict()
+        if hashes is None:
+            self._hashes = hashes_from_link
+        else:
+            self._hashes = {**hashes, **hashes_from_link}
+
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.requires_python = requires_python if requires_python else None
+        self.yanked_reason = yanked_reason
+        self.metadata_file_data = metadata_file_data
+
+        super().__init__(key=url, defining_class=Link)
+
+        self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
+        self.egg_fragment = self._egg_fragment()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(
+        cls,
+        file_data: Dict[str, Any],
+        page_url: str,
+    ) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """
+        Convert an pypi json document from a simple repository page into a Link.
+        """
+        file_url = file_data.get("url")
+        if file_url is None:
+            return None
+
+        url = _ensure_quoted_url(urllib.parse.urljoin(page_url, file_url))
+        pyrequire = file_data.get("requires-python")
+        yanked_reason = file_data.get("yanked")
+        hashes = file_data.get("hashes", {})
+
+        # PEP 714: Indexes must use the name core-metadata, but
+        # clients should support the old name as a fallback for compatibility.
+        metadata_info = file_data.get("core-metadata")
+        if metadata_info is None:
+            metadata_info = file_data.get("dist-info-metadata")
+
+        # The metadata info value may be a boolean, or a dict of hashes.
+        if isinstance(metadata_info, dict):
+            # The file exists, and hashes have been supplied
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(supported_hashes(metadata_info))
+        elif metadata_info:
+            # The file exists, but there are no hashes
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+        else:
+            # False or not present: the file does not exist
+            metadata_file_data = None
+
+        # The Link.yanked_reason expects an empty string instead of a boolean.
+        if yanked_reason and not isinstance(yanked_reason, str):
+            yanked_reason = ""
+        # The Link.yanked_reason expects None instead of False.
+        elif not yanked_reason:
+            yanked_reason = None
+
+        return cls(
+            url,
+            comes_from=page_url,
+            requires_python=pyrequire,
+            yanked_reason=yanked_reason,
+            hashes=hashes,
+            metadata_file_data=metadata_file_data,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_element(
+        cls,
+        anchor_attribs: Dict[str, Optional[str]],
+        page_url: str,
+        base_url: str,
+    ) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """
+        Convert an anchor element's attributes in a simple repository page to a Link.
+        """
+        href = anchor_attribs.get("href")
+        if not href:
+            return None
+
+        url = _ensure_quoted_url(urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, href))
+        pyrequire = anchor_attribs.get("data-requires-python")
+        yanked_reason = anchor_attribs.get("data-yanked")
+
+        # PEP 714: Indexes must use the name data-core-metadata, but
+        # clients should support the old name as a fallback for compatibility.
+        metadata_info = anchor_attribs.get("data-core-metadata")
+        if metadata_info is None:
+            metadata_info = anchor_attribs.get("data-dist-info-metadata")
+        # The metadata info value may be the string "true", or a string of
+        # the form "hashname=hashval"
+        if metadata_info == "true":
+            # The file exists, but there are no hashes
+            metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+        elif metadata_info is None:
+            # The file does not exist
+            metadata_file_data = None
+        else:
+            # The file exists, and hashes have been supplied
+            hashname, sep, hashval = metadata_info.partition("=")
+            if sep == "=":
+                metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(supported_hashes({hashname: hashval}))
+            else:
+                # Error - data is wrong. Treat as no hashes supplied.
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Index returned invalid data-dist-info-metadata value: %s",
+                    metadata_info,
+                )
+                metadata_file_data = MetadataFile(None)
+
+        return cls(
+            url,
+            comes_from=page_url,
+            requires_python=pyrequire,
+            yanked_reason=yanked_reason,
+            metadata_file_data=metadata_file_data,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.requires_python:
+            rp = f" (requires-python:{self.requires_python})"
+        else:
+            rp = ""
+        if self.comes_from:
+            return f"{redact_auth_from_url(self._url)} (from {self.comes_from}){rp}"
+        else:
+            return redact_auth_from_url(str(self._url))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Link {self}>"
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> str:
+        return self._url
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self) -> str:
+        path = self.path.rstrip("/")
+        name = posixpath.basename(path)
+        if not name:
+            # Make sure we don't leak auth information if the netloc
+            # includes a username and password.
+            netloc, user_pass = split_auth_from_netloc(self.netloc)
+            return netloc
+
+        name = urllib.parse.unquote(name)
+        assert name, f"URL {self._url!r} produced no filename"
+        return name
+
+    @property
+    def file_path(self) -> str:
+        return url_to_path(self.url)
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        return self._parsed_url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        """
+        This can contain auth information.
+        """
+        return self._parsed_url.netloc
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return urllib.parse.unquote(self._parsed_url.path)
+
+    def splitext(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        return splitext(posixpath.basename(self.path.rstrip("/")))
+
+    @property
+    def ext(self) -> str:
+        return self.splitext()[1]
+
+    @property
+    def url_without_fragment(self) -> str:
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = self._parsed_url
+        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+
+    _egg_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]egg=([^&]*)")
+
+    # Per PEP 508.
+    _project_name_re = re.compile(
+        r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$", re.IGNORECASE
+    )
+
+    def _egg_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        match = self._egg_fragment_re.search(self._url)
+        if not match:
+            return None
+
+        # An egg fragment looks like a PEP 508 project name, along with
+        # an optional extras specifier. Anything else is invalid.
+        project_name = match.group(1)
+        if not self._project_name_re.match(project_name):
+            deprecated(
+                reason=f"{self} contains an egg fragment with a non-PEP 508 name",
+                replacement="to use the req @ url syntax, and remove the egg fragment",
+                gone_in="25.0",
+                issue=11617,
+            )
+
+        return project_name
+
+    _subdirectory_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]subdirectory=([^&]*)")
+
+    @property
+    def subdirectory_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        match = self._subdirectory_fragment_re.search(self._url)
+        if not match:
+            return None
+        return match.group(1)
+
+    def metadata_link(self) -> Optional["Link"]:
+        """Return a link to the associated core metadata file (if any)."""
+        if self.metadata_file_data is None:
+            return None
+        metadata_url = f"{self.url_without_fragment}.metadata"
+        if self.metadata_file_data.hashes is None:
+            return Link(metadata_url)
+        return Link(metadata_url, hashes=self.metadata_file_data.hashes)
+
+    def as_hashes(self) -> Hashes:
+        return Hashes({k: [v] for k, v in self._hashes.items()})
+
+    @property
+    def hash(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return next(iter(self._hashes.values()), None)
+
+    @property
+    def hash_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return next(iter(self._hashes), None)
+
+    @property
+    def show_url(self) -> str:
+        return posixpath.basename(self._url.split("#", 1)[0].split("?", 1)[0])
+
+    @property
+    def is_file(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme == "file"
+
+    def is_existing_dir(self) -> bool:
+        return self.is_file and os.path.isdir(self.file_path)
+
+    @property
+    def is_wheel(self) -> bool:
+        return self.ext == WHEEL_EXTENSION
+
+    @property
+    def is_vcs(self) -> bool:
+        from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+        return self.scheme in vcs.all_schemes
+
+    @property
+    def is_yanked(self) -> bool:
+        return self.yanked_reason is not None
+
+    @property
+    def has_hash(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._hashes)
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hashes: Optional[Hashes]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the link has a hash and it is allowed by `hashes`.
+        """
+        if hashes is None:
+            return False
+        return any(hashes.is_hash_allowed(k, v) for k, v in self._hashes.items())
+
+
+class _CleanResult(NamedTuple):
+    """Convert link for equivalency check.
+
+    This is used in the resolver to check whether two URL-specified requirements
+    likely point to the same distribution and can be considered equivalent. This
+    equivalency logic avoids comparing URLs literally, which can be too strict
+    (e.g. "a=1&b=2" vs "b=2&a=1") and produce conflicts unexpecting to users.
+
+    Currently this does three things:
+
+    1. Drop the basic auth part. This is technically wrong since a server can
+       serve different content based on auth, but if it does that, it is even
+       impossible to guarantee two URLs without auth are equivalent, since
+       the user can input different auth information when prompted. So the
+       practical solution is to assume the auth doesn't affect the response.
+    2. Parse the query to avoid the ordering issue. Note that ordering under the
+       same key in the query are NOT cleaned; i.e. "a=1&a=2" and "a=2&a=1" are
+       still considered different.
+    3. Explicitly drop most of the fragment part, except ``subdirectory=`` and
+       hash values, since it should have no impact the downloaded content. Note
+       that this drops the "egg=" part historically used to denote the requested
+       project (and extras), which is wrong in the strictest sense, but too many
+       people are supplying it inconsistently to cause superfluous resolution
+       conflicts, so we choose to also ignore them.
+    """
+
+    parsed: urllib.parse.SplitResult
+    query: Dict[str, List[str]]
+    subdirectory: str
+    hashes: Dict[str, str]
+
+
+def _clean_link(link: Link) -> _CleanResult:
+    parsed = link._parsed_url
+    netloc = parsed.netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1]
+    # According to RFC 8089, an empty host in file: means localhost.
+    if parsed.scheme == "file" and not netloc:
+        netloc = "localhost"
+    fragment = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed.fragment)
+    if "egg" in fragment:
+        logger.debug("Ignoring egg= fragment in %s", link)
+    try:
+        # If there are multiple subdirectory values, use the first one.
+        # This matches the behavior of Link.subdirectory_fragment.
+        subdirectory = fragment["subdirectory"][0]
+    except (IndexError, KeyError):
+        subdirectory = ""
+    # If there are multiple hash values under the same algorithm, use the
+    # first one. This matches the behavior of Link.hash_value.
+    hashes = {k: fragment[k][0] for k in _SUPPORTED_HASHES if k in fragment}
+    return _CleanResult(
+        parsed=parsed._replace(netloc=netloc, query="", fragment=""),
+        query=urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed.query),
+        subdirectory=subdirectory,
+        hashes=hashes,
+    )
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def links_equivalent(link1: Link, link2: Link) -> bool:
+    return _clean_link(link1) == _clean_link(link2)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f51190a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/scheme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""
+For types associated with installation schemes.
+
+For a general overview of available schemes and their context, see
+https://docs.python.org/3/install/index.html#alternate-installation.
+"""
+
+
+SCHEME_KEYS = ["platlib", "purelib", "headers", "scripts", "data"]
+
+
+class Scheme:
+    """A Scheme holds paths which are used as the base directories for
+    artifacts associated with a Python package.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = SCHEME_KEYS
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        platlib: str,
+        purelib: str,
+        headers: str,
+        scripts: str,
+        data: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.platlib = platlib
+        self.purelib = purelib
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.scripts = scripts
+        self.data = data
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe61e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/search_scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_path, redact_auth_from_url
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class SearchScope:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates the locations that pip is configured to search.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["find_links", "index_urls", "no_index"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        find_links: List[str],
+        index_urls: List[str],
+        no_index: bool,
+    ) -> "SearchScope":
+        """
+        Create a SearchScope object after normalizing the `find_links`.
+        """
+        # Build find_links. If an argument starts with ~, it may be
+        # a local file relative to a home directory. So try normalizing
+        # it and if it exists, use the normalized version.
+        # This is deliberately conservative - it might be fine just to
+        # blindly normalize anything starting with a ~...
+        built_find_links: List[str] = []
+        for link in find_links:
+            if link.startswith("~"):
+                new_link = normalize_path(link)
+                if os.path.exists(new_link):
+                    link = new_link
+            built_find_links.append(link)
+
+        # If we don't have TLS enabled, then WARN if anyplace we're looking
+        # relies on TLS.
+        if not has_tls():
+            for link in itertools.chain(index_urls, built_find_links):
+                parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(link)
+                if parsed.scheme == "https":
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "pip is configured with locations that require "
+                        "TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not "
+                        "available."
+                    )
+                    break
+
+        return cls(
+            find_links=built_find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=no_index,
+        )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        find_links: List[str],
+        index_urls: List[str],
+        no_index: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.find_links = find_links
+        self.index_urls = index_urls
+        self.no_index = no_index
+
+    def get_formatted_locations(self) -> str:
+        lines = []
+        redacted_index_urls = []
+        if self.index_urls and self.index_urls != [PyPI.simple_url]:
+            for url in self.index_urls:
+                redacted_index_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+
+                # Parse the URL
+                purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(redacted_index_url)
+
+                # URL is generally invalid if scheme and netloc is missing
+                # there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
+                # is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
+                # always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
+                # exceptions for malformed URLs
+                if not purl.scheme and not purl.netloc:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        'The index url "%s" seems invalid, please provide a scheme.',
+                        redacted_index_url,
+                    )
+
+                redacted_index_urls.append(redacted_index_url)
+
+            lines.append(
+                "Looking in indexes: {}".format(", ".join(redacted_index_urls))
+            )
+
+        if self.find_links:
+            lines.append(
+                "Looking in links: {}".format(
+                    ", ".join(redact_auth_from_url(url) for url in self.find_links)
+                )
+            )
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def get_index_urls_locations(self, project_name: str) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns the locations found via self.index_urls
+
+        Checks the url_name on the main (first in the list) index and
+        use this url_name to produce all locations
+        """
+
+        def mkurl_pypi_url(url: str) -> str:
+            loc = posixpath.join(
+                url, urllib.parse.quote(canonicalize_name(project_name))
+            )
+            # For maximum compatibility with easy_install, ensure the path
+            # ends in a trailing slash.  Although this isn't in the spec
+            # (and PyPI can handle it without the slash) some other index
+            # implementations might break if they relied on easy_install's
+            # behavior.
+            if not loc.endswith("/"):
+                loc = loc + "/"
+            return loc
+
+        return [mkurl_pypi_url(url) for url in self.index_urls]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..977bc4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/selection_prefs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+
+
+class SelectionPreferences:
+    """
+    Encapsulates the candidate selection preferences for downloading
+    and installing files.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "allow_yanked",
+        "allow_all_prereleases",
+        "format_control",
+        "prefer_binary",
+        "ignore_requires_python",
+    ]
+
+    # Don't include an allow_yanked default value to make sure each call
+    # site considers whether yanked releases are allowed. This also causes
+    # that decision to be made explicit in the calling code, which helps
+    # people when reading the code.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        allow_yanked: bool,
+        allow_all_prereleases: bool = False,
+        format_control: Optional[FormatControl] = None,
+        prefer_binary: bool = False,
+        ignore_requires_python: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Create a SelectionPreferences object.
+
+        :param allow_yanked: Whether files marked as yanked (in the sense
+            of PEP 592) are permitted to be candidates for install.
+        :param format_control: A FormatControl object or None. Used to control
+            the selection of source packages / binary packages when consulting
+            the index and links.
+        :param prefer_binary: Whether to prefer an old, but valid, binary
+            dist over a new source dist.
+        :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore incompatible
+            "Requires-Python" values in links. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if ignore_requires_python is None:
+            ignore_requires_python = False
+
+        self.allow_yanked = allow_yanked
+        self.allow_all_prereleases = allow_all_prereleases
+        self.format_control = format_control
+        self.prefer_binary = prefer_binary
+        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67ea5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/target_python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported, version_info_to_nodot
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+
+
+class TargetPython:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates the properties of a Python interpreter one is targeting
+    for a package install, download, etc.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_given_py_version_info",
+        "abis",
+        "implementation",
+        "platforms",
+        "py_version",
+        "py_version_info",
+        "_valid_tags",
+        "_valid_tags_set",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        platforms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+        abis: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        implementation: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param platforms: A list of strings or None. If None, searches for
+            packages that are supported by the current system. Otherwise, will
+            find packages that can be built on the platforms passed in. These
+            packages will only be downloaded for distribution: they will
+            not be built locally.
+        :param py_version_info: An optional tuple of ints representing the
+            Python version information to use (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
+            This can have length 1, 2, or 3 when provided.
+        :param abis: A list of strings or None. This is passed to
+            compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
+        :param implementation: A string or None. This is passed to
+            compatibility_tags.py's get_supported() function as is.
+        """
+        # Store the given py_version_info for when we call get_supported().
+        self._given_py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        if py_version_info is None:
+            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        else:
+            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+
+        py_version = ".".join(map(str, py_version_info[:2]))
+
+        self.abis = abis
+        self.implementation = implementation
+        self.platforms = platforms
+        self.py_version = py_version
+        self.py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        # This is used to cache the return value of get_(un)sorted_tags.
+        self._valid_tags: Optional[List[Tag]] = None
+        self._valid_tags_set: Optional[Set[Tag]] = None
+
+    def format_given(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Format the given, non-None attributes for display.
+        """
+        display_version = None
+        if self._given_py_version_info is not None:
+            display_version = ".".join(
+                str(part) for part in self._given_py_version_info
+            )
+
+        key_values = [
+            ("platforms", self.platforms),
+            ("version_info", display_version),
+            ("abis", self.abis),
+            ("implementation", self.implementation),
+        ]
+        return " ".join(
+            f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in key_values if value is not None
+        )
+
+    def get_sorted_tags(self) -> List[Tag]:
+        """
+        Return the supported PEP 425 tags to check wheel candidates against.
+
+        The tags are returned in order of preference (most preferred first).
+        """
+        if self._valid_tags is None:
+            # Pass versions=None if no py_version_info was given since
+            # versions=None uses special default logic.
+            py_version_info = self._given_py_version_info
+            if py_version_info is None:
+                version = None
+            else:
+                version = version_info_to_nodot(py_version_info)
+
+            tags = get_supported(
+                version=version,
+                platforms=self.platforms,
+                abis=self.abis,
+                impl=self.implementation,
+            )
+            self._valid_tags = tags
+
+        return self._valid_tags
+
+    def get_unsorted_tags(self) -> Set[Tag]:
+        """Exactly the same as get_sorted_tags, but returns a set.
+
+        This is important for performance.
+        """
+        if self._valid_tags_set is None:
+            self._valid_tags_set = set(self.get_sorted_tags())
+
+        return self._valid_tags_set
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5dc12b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Represents a wheel file and provides access to the various parts of the
+name that have meaning.
+"""
+import re
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename
+
+
+class Wheel:
+    """A wheel file"""
+
+    wheel_file_re = re.compile(
+        r"""^(?P<namever>(?P<name>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<ver>[^\s-]*?))
+        ((-(?P<build>\d[^-]*?))?-(?P<pyver>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<abi>[^\s-]+?)-(?P<plat>[^\s-]+?)
+        \.whl|\.dist-info)$""",
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :raises InvalidWheelFilename: when the filename is invalid for a wheel
+        """
+        wheel_info = self.wheel_file_re.match(filename)
+        if not wheel_info:
+            raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"{filename} is not a valid wheel filename.")
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.name = wheel_info.group("name").replace("_", "-")
+        # we'll assume "_" means "-" due to wheel naming scheme
+        # (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1150)
+        self.version = wheel_info.group("ver").replace("_", "-")
+        self.build_tag = wheel_info.group("build")
+        self.pyversions = wheel_info.group("pyver").split(".")
+        self.abis = wheel_info.group("abi").split(".")
+        self.plats = wheel_info.group("plat").split(".")
+
+        # All the tag combinations from this file
+        self.file_tags = {
+            Tag(x, y, z) for x in self.pyversions for y in self.abis for z in self.plats
+        }
+
+    def get_formatted_file_tags(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Return the wheel's tags as a sorted list of strings."""
+        return sorted(str(tag) for tag in self.file_tags)
+
+    def support_index_min(self, tags: List[Tag]) -> int:
+        """Return the lowest index that one of the wheel's file_tag combinations
+        achieves in the given list of supported tags.
+
+        For example, if there are 8 supported tags and one of the file tags
+        is first in the list, then return 0.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against, in order
+            with most preferred first.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
+            the supported tags.
+        """
+        try:
+            return next(i for i, t in enumerate(tags) if t in self.file_tags)
+        except StopIteration:
+            raise ValueError()
+
+    def find_most_preferred_tag(
+        self, tags: List[Tag], tag_to_priority: Dict[Tag, int]
+    ) -> int:
+        """Return the priority of the most preferred tag that one of the wheel's file
+        tag combinations achieves in the given list of supported tags using the given
+        tag_to_priority mapping, where lower priorities are more-preferred.
+
+        This is used in place of support_index_min in some cases in order to avoid
+        an expensive linear scan of a large list of tags.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
+        :param tag_to_priority: a mapping from tag to priority of that tag, where
+            lower is more preferred.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If none of the wheel's file tags match one of
+            the supported tags.
+        """
+        return min(
+            tag_to_priority[tag] for tag in self.file_tags if tag in tag_to_priority
+        )
+
+    def supported(self, tags: Iterable[Tag]) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the wheel is compatible with one of the given tags.
+
+        :param tags: the PEP 425 tags to check the wheel against.
+        """
+        return not self.file_tags.isdisjoint(tags)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""Contains purely network-related utilities.
+"""
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a82fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+"""Network Authentication Helpers
+
+Contains interface (MultiDomainBasicAuth) and associated glue code for
+providing credentials in the context of network requests.
+"""
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sysconfig
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from functools import lru_cache
+from os.path import commonprefix
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.auth import AuthBase, HTTPBasicAuth
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.utils import get_netrc_auth
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ask,
+    ask_input,
+    ask_password,
+    remove_auth_from_url,
+    split_auth_netloc_from_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import AuthInfo
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+KEYRING_DISABLED = False
+
+
+class Credentials(NamedTuple):
+    url: str
+    username: str
+    password: str
+
+
+class KeyRingBaseProvider(ABC):
+    """Keyring base provider interface"""
+
+    has_keyring: bool
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        ...
+
+
+class KeyRingNullProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Keyring null provider"""
+
+    has_keyring = False
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        return None
+
+
+class KeyRingPythonProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Keyring interface which uses locally imported `keyring`"""
+
+    has_keyring = True
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        import keyring
+
+        self.keyring = keyring
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        # Support keyring's get_credential interface which supports getting
+        # credentials without a username. This is only available for
+        # keyring>=15.2.0.
+        if hasattr(self.keyring, "get_credential"):
+            logger.debug("Getting credentials from keyring for %s", url)
+            cred = self.keyring.get_credential(url, username)
+            if cred is not None:
+                return cred.username, cred.password
+            return None
+
+        if username is not None:
+            logger.debug("Getting password from keyring for %s", url)
+            password = self.keyring.get_password(url, username)
+            if password:
+                return username, password
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        self.keyring.set_password(url, username, password)
+
+
+class KeyRingCliProvider(KeyRingBaseProvider):
+    """Provider which uses `keyring` cli
+
+    Instead of calling the keyring package installed alongside pip
+    we call keyring on the command line which will enable pip to
+    use which ever installation of keyring is available first in
+    PATH.
+    """
+
+    has_keyring = True
+
+    def __init__(self, cmd: str) -> None:
+        self.keyring = cmd
+
+    def get_auth_info(self, url: str, username: Optional[str]) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        # This is the default implementation of keyring.get_credential
+        # https://github.com/jaraco/keyring/blob/97689324abcf01bd1793d49063e7ca01e03d7d07/keyring/backend.py#L134-L139
+        if username is not None:
+            password = self._get_password(url, username)
+            if password is not None:
+                return username, password
+        return None
+
+    def save_auth_info(self, url: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        return self._set_password(url, username, password)
+
+    def _get_password(self, service_name: str, username: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Mirror the implementation of keyring.get_password using cli"""
+        if self.keyring is None:
+            return None
+
+        cmd = [self.keyring, "get", service_name, username]
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
+        res = subprocess.run(
+            cmd,
+            stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            env=env,
+        )
+        if res.returncode:
+            return None
+        return res.stdout.decode("utf-8").strip(os.linesep)
+
+    def _set_password(self, service_name: str, username: str, password: str) -> None:
+        """Mirror the implementation of keyring.set_password using cli"""
+        if self.keyring is None:
+            return None
+        env = os.environ.copy()
+        env["PYTHONIOENCODING"] = "utf-8"
+        subprocess.run(
+            [self.keyring, "set", service_name, username],
+            input=f"{password}{os.linesep}".encode("utf-8"),
+            env=env,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def get_keyring_provider(provider: str) -> KeyRingBaseProvider:
+    logger.verbose("Keyring provider requested: %s", provider)
+
+    # keyring has previously failed and been disabled
+    if KEYRING_DISABLED:
+        provider = "disabled"
+    if provider in ["import", "auto"]:
+        try:
+            impl = KeyRingPythonProvider()
+            logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: import")
+            return impl
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # In the event of an unexpected exception
+            # we should warn the user
+            msg = "Installed copy of keyring fails with exception %s"
+            if provider == "auto":
+                msg = msg + ", trying to find a keyring executable as a fallback"
+            logger.warning(msg, exc, exc_info=logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG))
+    if provider in ["subprocess", "auto"]:
+        cli = shutil.which("keyring")
+        if cli and cli.startswith(sysconfig.get_path("scripts")):
+            # all code within this function is stolen from shutil.which implementation
+            @typing.no_type_check
+            def PATH_as_shutil_which_determines_it() -> str:
+                path = os.environ.get("PATH", None)
+                if path is None:
+                    try:
+                        path = os.confstr("CS_PATH")
+                    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+                        # os.confstr() or CS_PATH is not available
+                        path = os.defpath
+                # bpo-35755: Don't use os.defpath if the PATH environment variable is
+                # set to an empty string
+
+                return path
+
+            scripts = Path(sysconfig.get_path("scripts"))
+
+            paths = []
+            for path in PATH_as_shutil_which_determines_it().split(os.pathsep):
+                p = Path(path)
+                try:
+                    if not p.samefile(scripts):
+                        paths.append(path)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+
+            path = os.pathsep.join(paths)
+
+            cli = shutil.which("keyring", path=path)
+
+        if cli:
+            logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: subprocess with executable %s", cli)
+            return KeyRingCliProvider(cli)
+
+    logger.verbose("Keyring provider set: disabled")
+    return KeyRingNullProvider()
+
+
+class MultiDomainBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prompting: bool = True,
+        index_urls: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        keyring_provider: str = "auto",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.prompting = prompting
+        self.index_urls = index_urls
+        self.keyring_provider = keyring_provider  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.passwords: Dict[str, AuthInfo] = {}
+        # When the user is prompted to enter credentials and keyring is
+        # available, we will offer to save them. If the user accepts,
+        # this value is set to the credentials they entered. After the
+        # request authenticates, the caller should call
+        # ``save_credentials`` to save these.
+        self._credentials_to_save: Optional[Credentials] = None
+
+    @property
+    def keyring_provider(self) -> KeyRingBaseProvider:
+        return get_keyring_provider(self._keyring_provider)
+
+    @keyring_provider.setter
+    def keyring_provider(self, provider: str) -> None:
+        # The free function get_keyring_provider has been decorated with
+        # functools.cache. If an exception occurs in get_keyring_auth that
+        # cache will be cleared and keyring disabled, take that into account
+        # if you want to remove this indirection.
+        self._keyring_provider = provider
+
+    @property
+    def use_keyring(self) -> bool:
+        # We won't use keyring when --no-input is passed unless
+        # a specific provider is requested because it might require
+        # user interaction
+        return self.prompting or self._keyring_provider not in ["auto", "disabled"]
+
+    def _get_keyring_auth(
+        self,
+        url: Optional[str],
+        username: Optional[str],
+    ) -> Optional[AuthInfo]:
+        """Return the tuple auth for a given url from keyring."""
+        # Do nothing if no url was provided
+        if not url:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            return self.keyring_provider.get_auth_info(url, username)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Keyring is skipped due to an exception: %s",
+                str(exc),
+            )
+            global KEYRING_DISABLED
+            KEYRING_DISABLED = True
+            get_keyring_provider.cache_clear()
+            return None
+
+    def _get_index_url(self, url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Return the original index URL matching the requested URL.
+
+        Cached or dynamically generated credentials may work against
+        the original index URL rather than just the netloc.
+
+        The provided url should have had its username and password
+        removed already. If the original index url had credentials then
+        they will be included in the return value.
+
+        Returns None if no matching index was found, or if --no-index
+        was specified by the user.
+        """
+        if not url or not self.index_urls:
+            return None
+
+        url = remove_auth_from_url(url).rstrip("/") + "/"
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+
+        candidates = []
+
+        for index in self.index_urls:
+            index = index.rstrip("/") + "/"
+            parsed_index = urllib.parse.urlsplit(remove_auth_from_url(index))
+            if parsed_url == parsed_index:
+                return index
+
+            if parsed_url.netloc != parsed_index.netloc:
+                continue
+
+            candidate = urllib.parse.urlsplit(index)
+            candidates.append(candidate)
+
+        if not candidates:
+            return None
+
+        candidates.sort(
+            reverse=True,
+            key=lambda candidate: commonprefix(
+                [
+                    parsed_url.path,
+                    candidate.path,
+                ]
+            ).rfind("/"),
+        )
+
+        return urllib.parse.urlunsplit(candidates[0])
+
+    def _get_new_credentials(
+        self,
+        original_url: str,
+        *,
+        allow_netrc: bool = True,
+        allow_keyring: bool = False,
+    ) -> AuthInfo:
+        """Find and return credentials for the specified URL."""
+        # Split the credentials and netloc from the url.
+        url, netloc, url_user_password = split_auth_netloc_from_url(
+            original_url,
+        )
+
+        # Start with the credentials embedded in the url
+        username, password = url_user_password
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            logger.debug("Found credentials in url for %s", netloc)
+            return url_user_password
+
+        # Find a matching index url for this request
+        index_url = self._get_index_url(url)
+        if index_url:
+            # Split the credentials from the url.
+            index_info = split_auth_netloc_from_url(index_url)
+            if index_info:
+                index_url, _, index_url_user_password = index_info
+                logger.debug("Found index url %s", index_url)
+
+        # If an index URL was found, try its embedded credentials
+        if index_url and index_url_user_password[0] is not None:
+            username, password = index_url_user_password
+            if username is not None and password is not None:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in index url for %s", netloc)
+                return index_url_user_password
+
+        # Get creds from netrc if we still don't have them
+        if allow_netrc:
+            netrc_auth = get_netrc_auth(original_url)
+            if netrc_auth:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in netrc for %s", netloc)
+                return netrc_auth
+
+        # If we don't have a password and keyring is available, use it.
+        if allow_keyring:
+            # The index url is more specific than the netloc, so try it first
+            # fmt: off
+            kr_auth = (
+                self._get_keyring_auth(index_url, username) or
+                self._get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
+            )
+            # fmt: on
+            if kr_auth:
+                logger.debug("Found credentials in keyring for %s", netloc)
+                return kr_auth
+
+        return username, password
+
+    def _get_url_and_credentials(
+        self, original_url: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+        """Return the credentials to use for the provided URL.
+
+        If allowed, netrc and keyring may be used to obtain the
+        correct credentials.
+
+        Returns (url_without_credentials, username, password). Note
+        that even if the original URL contains credentials, this
+        function may return a different username and password.
+        """
+        url, netloc, _ = split_auth_netloc_from_url(original_url)
+
+        # Try to get credentials from original url
+        username, password = self._get_new_credentials(original_url)
+
+        # If credentials not found, use any stored credentials for this netloc.
+        # Do this if either the username or the password is missing.
+        # This accounts for the situation in which the user has specified
+        # the username in the index url, but the password comes from keyring.
+        if (username is None or password is None) and netloc in self.passwords:
+            un, pw = self.passwords[netloc]
+            # It is possible that the cached credentials are for a different username,
+            # in which case the cache should be ignored.
+            if username is None or username == un:
+                username, password = un, pw
+
+        if username is not None or password is not None:
+            # Convert the username and password if they're None, so that
+            # this netloc will show up as "cached" in the conditional above.
+            # Further, HTTPBasicAuth doesn't accept None, so it makes sense to
+            # cache the value that is going to be used.
+            username = username or ""
+            password = password or ""
+
+            # Store any acquired credentials.
+            self.passwords[netloc] = (username, password)
+
+        assert (
+            # Credentials were found
+            (username is not None and password is not None)
+            # Credentials were not found
+            or (username is None and password is None)
+        ), f"Could not load credentials from url: {original_url}"
+
+        return url, username, password
+
+    def __call__(self, req: Request) -> Request:
+        # Get credentials for this request
+        url, username, password = self._get_url_and_credentials(req.url)
+
+        # Set the url of the request to the url without any credentials
+        req.url = url
+
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            # Send the basic auth with this request
+            req = HTTPBasicAuth(username, password)(req)
+
+        # Attach a hook to handle 401 responses
+        req.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+
+        return req
+
+    # Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
+    def _prompt_for_password(
+        self, netloc: str
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str], bool]:
+        username = ask_input(f"User for {netloc}: ") if self.prompting else None
+        if not username:
+            return None, None, False
+        if self.use_keyring:
+            auth = self._get_keyring_auth(netloc, username)
+            if auth and auth[0] is not None and auth[1] is not None:
+                return auth[0], auth[1], False
+        password = ask_password("Password: ")
+        return username, password, True
+
+    # Factored out to allow for easy patching in tests
+    def _should_save_password_to_keyring(self) -> bool:
+        if (
+            not self.prompting
+            or not self.use_keyring
+            or not self.keyring_provider.has_keyring
+        ):
+            return False
+        return ask("Save credentials to keyring [y/N]: ", ["y", "n"]) == "y"
+
+    def handle_401(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        # We only care about 401 responses, anything else we want to just
+        #   pass through the actual response
+        if resp.status_code != 401:
+            return resp
+
+        username, password = None, None
+
+        # Query the keyring for credentials:
+        if self.use_keyring:
+            username, password = self._get_new_credentials(
+                resp.url,
+                allow_netrc=False,
+                allow_keyring=True,
+            )
+
+        # We are not able to prompt the user so simply return the response
+        if not self.prompting and not username and not password:
+            return resp
+
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(resp.url)
+
+        # Prompt the user for a new username and password
+        save = False
+        if not username and not password:
+            username, password, save = self._prompt_for_password(parsed.netloc)
+
+        # Store the new username and password to use for future requests
+        self._credentials_to_save = None
+        if username is not None and password is not None:
+            self.passwords[parsed.netloc] = (username, password)
+
+            # Prompt to save the password to keyring
+            if save and self._should_save_password_to_keyring():
+                self._credentials_to_save = Credentials(
+                    url=parsed.netloc,
+                    username=username,
+                    password=password,
+                )
+
+        # Consume content and release the original connection to allow our new
+        #   request to reuse the same one.
+        # The result of the assignment isn't used, it's just needed to consume
+        # the content.
+        _ = resp.content
+        resp.raw.release_conn()
+
+        # Add our new username and password to the request
+        req = HTTPBasicAuth(username or "", password or "")(resp.request)
+        req.register_hook("response", self.warn_on_401)
+
+        # On successful request, save the credentials that were used to
+        # keyring. (Note that if the user responded "no" above, this member
+        # is not set and nothing will be saved.)
+        if self._credentials_to_save:
+            req.register_hook("response", self.save_credentials)
+
+        # Send our new request
+        new_resp = resp.connection.send(req, **kwargs)
+        new_resp.history.append(resp)
+
+        return new_resp
+
+    def warn_on_401(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Response callback to warn about incorrect credentials."""
+        if resp.status_code == 401:
+            logger.warning(
+                "401 Error, Credentials not correct for %s",
+                resp.request.url,
+            )
+
+    def save_credentials(self, resp: Response, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Response callback to save credentials on success."""
+        assert (
+            self.keyring_provider.has_keyring
+        ), "should never reach here without keyring"
+
+        creds = self._credentials_to_save
+        self._credentials_to_save = None
+        if creds and resp.status_code < 400:
+            try:
+                logger.info("Saving credentials to keyring")
+                self.keyring_provider.save_auth_info(
+                    creds.url, creds.username, creds.password
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception("Failed to save credentials")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d0fb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""HTTP cache implementation.
+"""
+
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import BinaryIO, Generator, Optional, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches import SeparateBodyFileCache
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import Response
+
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+
+def is_from_cache(response: Response) -> bool:
+    return getattr(response, "from_cache", False)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def suppressed_cache_errors() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """If we can't access the cache then we can just skip caching and process
+    requests as if caching wasn't enabled.
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+
+
+class SafeFileCache(SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+    """
+    A file based cache which is safe to use even when the target directory may
+    not be accessible or writable.
+
+    There is a race condition when two processes try to write and/or read the
+    same entry at the same time, since each entry consists of two separate
+    files (https://github.com/psf/cachecontrol/issues/324).  We therefore have
+    additional logic that makes sure that both files to be present before
+    returning an entry; this fixes the read side of the race condition.
+
+    For the write side, we assume that the server will only ever return the
+    same data for the same URL, which ought to be the case for files pip is
+    downloading.  PyPI does not have a mechanism to swap out a wheel for
+    another wheel, for example.  If this assumption is not true, the
+    CacheControl issue will need to be fixed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, directory: str) -> None:
+        assert directory is not None, "Cache directory must not be None."
+        super().__init__()
+        self.directory = directory
+
+    def _get_cache_path(self, name: str) -> str:
+        # From cachecontrol.caches.file_cache.FileCache._fn, brought into our
+        # class for backwards-compatibility and to avoid using a non-public
+        # method.
+        hashed = SeparateBodyFileCache.encode(name)
+        parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[bytes]:
+        # The cache entry is only valid if both metadata and body exist.
+        metadata_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        body_path = metadata_path + ".body"
+        if not (os.path.exists(metadata_path) and os.path.exists(body_path)):
+            return None
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            with open(metadata_path, "rb") as f:
+                return f.read()
+
+    def _write(self, path: str, data: bytes) -> None:
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+
+            with adjacent_tmp_file(path) as f:
+                f.write(data)
+
+            replace(f.name, path)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: Union[int, datetime, None] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        self._write(path, value)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            os.remove(path)
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            os.remove(path + ".body")
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> Optional[BinaryIO]:
+        # The cache entry is only valid if both metadata and body exist.
+        metadata_path = self._get_cache_path(key)
+        body_path = metadata_path + ".body"
+        if not (os.path.exists(metadata_path) and os.path.exists(body_path)):
+            return None
+        with suppressed_cache_errors():
+            return open(body_path, "rb")
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        path = self._get_cache_path(key) + ".body"
+        self._write(path, body)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1d4354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""Download files with progress indicators.
+"""
+import email.message
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.cli.progress_bars import get_download_progress_renderer
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.network.cache import is_from_cache
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import HEADERS, raise_for_status, response_chunks
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size, redact_auth_from_url, splitext
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_http_response_size(resp: Response) -> Optional[int]:
+    try:
+        return int(resp.headers["content-length"])
+    except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _prepare_download(
+    resp: Response,
+    link: Link,
+    progress_bar: str,
+) -> Iterable[bytes]:
+    total_length = _get_http_response_size(resp)
+
+    if link.netloc == PyPI.file_storage_domain:
+        url = link.show_url
+    else:
+        url = link.url_without_fragment
+
+    logged_url = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+
+    if total_length:
+        logged_url = f"{logged_url} ({format_size(total_length)})"
+
+    if is_from_cache(resp):
+        logger.info("Using cached %s", logged_url)
+    else:
+        logger.info("Downloading %s", logged_url)
+
+    if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
+        show_progress = False
+    elif is_from_cache(resp):
+        show_progress = False
+    elif not total_length:
+        show_progress = True
+    elif total_length > (40 * 1000):
+        show_progress = True
+    else:
+        show_progress = False
+
+    chunks = response_chunks(resp, CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)
+
+    if not show_progress:
+        return chunks
+
+    renderer = get_download_progress_renderer(bar_type=progress_bar, size=total_length)
+    return renderer(chunks)
+
+
+def sanitize_content_filename(filename: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Sanitize the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header.
+    """
+    return os.path.basename(filename)
+
+
+def parse_content_disposition(content_disposition: str, default_filename: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Parse the "filename" value from a Content-Disposition header, and
+    return the default filename if the result is empty.
+    """
+    m = email.message.Message()
+    m["content-type"] = content_disposition
+    filename = m.get_param("filename")
+    if filename:
+        # We need to sanitize the filename to prevent directory traversal
+        # in case the filename contains ".." path parts.
+        filename = sanitize_content_filename(str(filename))
+    return filename or default_filename
+
+
+def _get_http_response_filename(resp: Response, link: Link) -> str:
+    """Get an ideal filename from the given HTTP response, falling back to
+    the link filename if not provided.
+    """
+    filename = link.filename  # fallback
+    # Have a look at the Content-Disposition header for a better guess
+    content_disposition = resp.headers.get("content-disposition")
+    if content_disposition:
+        filename = parse_content_disposition(content_disposition, filename)
+    ext: Optional[str] = splitext(filename)[1]
+    if not ext:
+        ext = mimetypes.guess_extension(resp.headers.get("content-type", ""))
+        if ext:
+            filename += ext
+    if not ext and link.url != resp.url:
+        ext = os.path.splitext(resp.url)[1]
+        if ext:
+            filename += ext
+    return filename
+
+
+def _http_get_download(session: PipSession, link: Link) -> Response:
+    target_url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+    resp = session.get(target_url, headers=HEADERS, stream=True)
+    raise_for_status(resp)
+    return resp
+
+
+class Downloader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._progress_bar = progress_bar
+
+    def __call__(self, link: Link, location: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """Download the file given by link into location."""
+        try:
+            resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
+        except NetworkConnectionError as e:
+            assert e.response is not None
+            logger.critical(
+                "HTTP error %s while getting %s", e.response.status_code, link
+            )
+            raise
+
+        filename = _get_http_response_filename(resp, link)
+        filepath = os.path.join(location, filename)
+
+        chunks = _prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar)
+        with open(filepath, "wb") as content_file:
+            for chunk in chunks:
+                content_file.write(chunk)
+        content_type = resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+        return filepath, content_type
+
+
+class BatchDownloader:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._progress_bar = progress_bar
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, links: Iterable[Link], location: str
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[Link, Tuple[str, str]]]:
+        """Download the files given by links into location."""
+        for link in links:
+            try:
+                resp = _http_get_download(self._session, link)
+            except NetworkConnectionError as e:
+                assert e.response is not None
+                logger.critical(
+                    "HTTP error %s while getting %s",
+                    e.response.status_code,
+                    link,
+                )
+                raise
+
+            filename = _get_http_response_filename(resp, link)
+            filepath = os.path.join(location, filename)
+
+            chunks = _prepare_download(resp, link, self._progress_bar)
+            with open(filepath, "wb") as content_file:
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    content_file.write(chunk)
+            content_type = resp.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+            yield link, (filepath, content_type)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82ec50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/lazy_wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Lazy ZIP over HTTP"""
+
+__all__ = ["HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported", "dist_from_wheel_url"]
+
+from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, MemoryWheel, get_wheel_distribution
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import HEADERS, raise_for_status, response_chunks
+
+
+class HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def dist_from_wheel_url(name: str, url: str, session: PipSession) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Return a distribution object from the given wheel URL.
+
+    This uses HTTP range requests to only fetch the portion of the wheel
+    containing metadata, just enough for the object to be constructed.
+    If such requests are not supported, HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
+    is raised.
+    """
+    with LazyZipOverHTTP(url, session) as zf:
+        # For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs methods read,
+        # seek, seekable and tell, not the whole IO protocol.
+        wheel = MemoryWheel(zf.name, zf)  # type: ignore
+        # After context manager exit, wheel.name
+        # is an invalid file by intention.
+        return get_wheel_distribution(wheel, canonicalize_name(name))
+
+
+class LazyZipOverHTTP:
+    """File-like object mapped to a ZIP file over HTTP.
+
+    This uses HTTP range requests to lazily fetch the file's content,
+    which is supposed to be fed to ZipFile.  If such requests are not
+    supported by the server, raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported
+    during initialization.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: str, session: PipSession, chunk_size: int = CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
+    ) -> None:
+        head = session.head(url, headers=HEADERS)
+        raise_for_status(head)
+        assert head.status_code == 200
+        self._session, self._url, self._chunk_size = session, url, chunk_size
+        self._length = int(head.headers["Content-Length"])
+        self._file = NamedTemporaryFile()
+        self.truncate(self._length)
+        self._left: List[int] = []
+        self._right: List[int] = []
+        if "bytes" not in head.headers.get("Accept-Ranges", "none"):
+            raise HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported("range request is not supported")
+        self._check_zip()
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        """Opening mode, which is always rb."""
+        return "rb"
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """Path to the underlying file."""
+        return self._file.name
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether random access is supported, which is True."""
+        return True
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the file."""
+        self._file.close()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the file is closed."""
+        return self._file.closed
+
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        """Read up to size bytes from the object and return them.
+
+        As a convenience, if size is unspecified or -1,
+        all bytes until EOF are returned.  Fewer than
+        size bytes may be returned if EOF is reached.
+        """
+        download_size = max(size, self._chunk_size)
+        start, length = self.tell(), self._length
+        stop = length if size < 0 else min(start + download_size, length)
+        start = max(0, stop - download_size)
+        self._download(start, stop - 1)
+        return self._file.read(size)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the file is readable, which is True."""
+        return True
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
+        """Change stream position and return the new absolute position.
+
+        Seek to offset relative position indicated by whence:
+        * 0: Start of stream (the default).  pos should be >= 0;
+        * 1: Current position - pos may be negative;
+        * 2: End of stream - pos usually negative.
+        """
+        return self._file.seek(offset, whence)
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        """Return the current position."""
+        return self._file.tell()
+
+    def truncate(self, size: Optional[int] = None) -> int:
+        """Resize the stream to the given size in bytes.
+
+        If size is unspecified resize to the current position.
+        The current stream position isn't changed.
+
+        Return the new file size.
+        """
+        return self._file.truncate(size)
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        """Return False."""
+        return False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "LazyZipOverHTTP":
+        self._file.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc: Any) -> None:
+        self._file.__exit__(*exc)
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _stay(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Return a context manager keeping the position.
+
+        At the end of the block, seek back to original position.
+        """
+        pos = self.tell()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self.seek(pos)
+
+    def _check_zip(self) -> None:
+        """Check and download until the file is a valid ZIP."""
+        end = self._length - 1
+        for start in reversed(range(0, end, self._chunk_size)):
+            self._download(start, end)
+            with self._stay():
+                try:
+                    # For read-only ZIP files, ZipFile only needs
+                    # methods read, seek, seekable and tell.
+                    ZipFile(self)  # type: ignore
+                except BadZipFile:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+
+    def _stream_response(
+        self, start: int, end: int, base_headers: Dict[str, str] = HEADERS
+    ) -> Response:
+        """Return HTTP response to a range request from start to end."""
+        headers = base_headers.copy()
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end}"
+        # TODO: Get range requests to be correctly cached
+        headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache"
+        return self._session.get(self._url, headers=headers, stream=True)
+
+    def _merge(
+        self, start: int, end: int, left: int, right: int
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[int, int], None, None]:
+        """Return a generator of intervals to be fetched.
+
+        Args:
+            start (int): Start of needed interval
+            end (int): End of needed interval
+            left (int): Index of first overlapping downloaded data
+            right (int): Index after last overlapping downloaded data
+        """
+        lslice, rslice = self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right]
+        i = start = min([start] + lslice[:1])
+        end = max([end] + rslice[-1:])
+        for j, k in zip(lslice, rslice):
+            if j > i:
+                yield i, j - 1
+            i = k + 1
+        if i <= end:
+            yield i, end
+        self._left[left:right], self._right[left:right] = [start], [end]
+
+    def _download(self, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        """Download bytes from start to end inclusively."""
+        with self._stay():
+            left = bisect_left(self._right, start)
+            right = bisect_right(self._left, end)
+            for start, end in self._merge(start, end, left, right):
+                response = self._stream_response(start, end)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                self.seek(start)
+                for chunk in response_chunks(response, self._chunk_size):
+                    self._file.write(chunk)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f17efc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/session.py
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+"""PipSession and supporting code, containing all pip-specific
+network request configuration and behavior.
+"""
+
+import email.utils
+import io
+import ipaddress
+import json
+import logging
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import urllib.parse
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import requests, urllib3
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol import CacheControlAdapter as _BaseCacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, BaseAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter as _BaseHTTPAdapter
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import PreparedRequest, Response
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.connectionpool import ConnectionPool
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.network.auth import MultiDomainBasicAuth
+from pip._internal.network.cache import SafeFileCache
+
+# Import ssl from compat so the initial import occurs in only one place.
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import has_tls
+from pip._internal.utils.glibc import libc_ver
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import build_url_from_netloc, parse_netloc
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SecureOrigin = Tuple[str, str, Optional[Union[int, str]]]
+
+
+# Ignore warning raised when using --trusted-host.
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=InsecureRequestWarning)
+
+
+SECURE_ORIGINS: List[SecureOrigin] = [
+    # protocol, hostname, port
+    # Taken from Chrome's list of secure origins (See: http://bit.ly/1qrySKC)
+    ("https", "*", "*"),
+    ("*", "localhost", "*"),
+    ("*", "127.0.0.0/8", "*"),
+    ("*", "::1/128", "*"),
+    ("file", "*", None),
+    # ssh is always secure.
+    ("ssh", "*", "*"),
+]
+
+
+# These are environment variables present when running under various
+# CI systems.  For each variable, some CI systems that use the variable
+# are indicated.  The collection was chosen so that for each of a number
+# of popular systems, at least one of the environment variables is used.
+# This list is used to provide some indication of and lower bound for
+# CI traffic to PyPI.  Thus, it is okay if the list is not comprehensive.
+# For more background, see: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5499
+CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES = (
+    # Azure Pipelines
+    "BUILD_BUILDID",
+    # Jenkins
+    "BUILD_ID",
+    # AppVeyor, CircleCI, Codeship, Gitlab CI, Shippable, Travis CI
+    "CI",
+    # Explicit environment variable.
+    "PIP_IS_CI",
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_ci() -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether it looks like pip is running under CI.
+    """
+    # We don't use the method of checking for a tty (e.g. using isatty())
+    # because some CI systems mimic a tty (e.g. Travis CI).  Thus that
+    # method doesn't provide definitive information in either direction.
+    return any(name in os.environ for name in CI_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES)
+
+
+def user_agent() -> str:
+    """
+    Return a string representing the user agent.
+    """
+    data: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        "installer": {"name": "pip", "version": __version__},
+        "python": platform.python_version(),
+        "implementation": {
+            "name": platform.python_implementation(),
+        },
+    }
+
+    if data["implementation"]["name"] == "CPython":
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "PyPy":
+        pypy_version_info = sys.pypy_version_info  # type: ignore
+        if pypy_version_info.releaselevel == "final":
+            pypy_version_info = pypy_version_info[:3]
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = ".".join(
+            [str(x) for x in pypy_version_info]
+        )
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "Jython":
+        # Complete Guess
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+    elif data["implementation"]["name"] == "IronPython":
+        # Complete Guess
+        data["implementation"]["version"] = platform.python_version()
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        from pip._vendor import distro
+
+        linux_distribution = distro.name(), distro.version(), distro.codename()
+        distro_infos: Dict[str, Any] = dict(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x[1],
+                zip(["name", "version", "id"], linux_distribution),
+            )
+        )
+        libc = dict(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x[1],
+                zip(["lib", "version"], libc_ver()),
+            )
+        )
+        if libc:
+            distro_infos["libc"] = libc
+        if distro_infos:
+            data["distro"] = distro_infos
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("darwin") and platform.mac_ver()[0]:
+        data["distro"] = {"name": "macOS", "version": platform.mac_ver()[0]}
+
+    if platform.system():
+        data.setdefault("system", {})["name"] = platform.system()
+
+    if platform.release():
+        data.setdefault("system", {})["release"] = platform.release()
+
+    if platform.machine():
+        data["cpu"] = platform.machine()
+
+    if has_tls():
+        import _ssl as ssl
+
+        data["openssl_version"] = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
+
+    setuptools_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("setuptools")
+    if setuptools_dist is not None:
+        data["setuptools_version"] = str(setuptools_dist.version)
+
+    if shutil.which("rustc") is not None:
+        # If for any reason `rustc --version` fails, silently ignore it
+        try:
+            rustc_output = subprocess.check_output(
+                ["rustc", "--version"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, timeout=0.5
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if rustc_output.startswith(b"rustc "):
+                # The format of `rustc --version` is:
+                # `b'rustc 1.52.1 (9bc8c42bb 2021-05-09)\n'`
+                # We extract just the middle (1.52.1) part
+                data["rustc_version"] = rustc_output.split(b" ")[1].decode()
+
+    # Use None rather than False so as not to give the impression that
+    # pip knows it is not being run under CI.  Rather, it is a null or
+    # inconclusive result.  Also, we include some value rather than no
+    # value to make it easier to know that the check has been run.
+    data["ci"] = True if looks_like_ci() else None
+
+    user_data = os.environ.get("PIP_USER_AGENT_USER_DATA")
+    if user_data is not None:
+        data["user_data"] = user_data
+
+    return "{data[installer][name]}/{data[installer][version]} {json}".format(
+        data=data,
+        json=json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True),
+    )
+
+
+class LocalFSAdapter(BaseAdapter):
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: Optional[Union[float, Tuple[float, float]]] = None,
+        verify: Union[bool, str] = True,
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]] = None,
+        proxies: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        pathname = url_to_path(request.url)
+
+        resp = Response()
+        resp.status_code = 200
+        resp.url = request.url
+
+        try:
+            stats = os.stat(pathname)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            # format the exception raised as a io.BytesIO object,
+            # to return a better error message:
+            resp.status_code = 404
+            resp.reason = type(exc).__name__
+            resp.raw = io.BytesIO(f"{resp.reason}: {exc}".encode("utf8"))
+        else:
+            modified = email.utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+            content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(pathname)[0] or "text/plain"
+            resp.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+                {
+                    "Content-Type": content_type,
+                    "Content-Length": stats.st_size,
+                    "Last-Modified": modified,
+                }
+            )
+
+            resp.raw = open(pathname, "rb")
+            resp.close = resp.raw.close
+
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class _SSLContextAdapterMixin:
+    """Mixin to add the ``ssl_context`` constructor argument to HTTP adapters.
+
+    The additional argument is forwarded directly to the pool manager. This allows us
+    to dynamically decide what SSL store to use at runtime, which is used to implement
+    the optional ``truststore`` backend.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ssl_context: Optional["SSLContext"] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._ssl_context = ssl_context
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self,
+        connections: int,
+        maxsize: int,
+        block: bool = DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+        **pool_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "PoolManager":
+        if self._ssl_context is not None:
+            pool_kwargs.setdefault("ssl_context", self._ssl_context)
+        return super().init_poolmanager(  # type: ignore[misc]
+            connections=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class HTTPAdapter(_SSLContextAdapterMixin, _BaseHTTPAdapter):
+    pass
+
+
+class CacheControlAdapter(_SSLContextAdapterMixin, _BaseCacheControlAdapter):
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecureHTTPAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self,
+        conn: ConnectionPool,
+        url: str,
+        verify: Union[bool, str],
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().cert_verify(conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert)
+
+
+class InsecureCacheControlAdapter(CacheControlAdapter):
+    def cert_verify(
+        self,
+        conn: ConnectionPool,
+        url: str,
+        verify: Union[bool, str],
+        cert: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, str]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().cert_verify(conn=conn, url=url, verify=False, cert=cert)
+
+
+class PipSession(requests.Session):
+    timeout: Optional[int] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        retries: int = 0,
+        cache: Optional[str] = None,
+        trusted_hosts: Sequence[str] = (),
+        index_urls: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        ssl_context: Optional["SSLContext"] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param trusted_hosts: Domains not to emit warnings for when not using
+            HTTPS.
+        """
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Namespace the attribute with "pip_" just in case to prevent
+        # possible conflicts with the base class.
+        self.pip_trusted_origins: List[Tuple[str, Optional[int]]] = []
+
+        # Attach our User Agent to the request
+        self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
+
+        # Attach our Authentication handler to the session
+        self.auth = MultiDomainBasicAuth(index_urls=index_urls)
+
+        # Create our urllib3.Retry instance which will allow us to customize
+        # how we handle retries.
+        retries = urllib3.Retry(
+            # Set the total number of retries that a particular request can
+            # have.
+            total=retries,
+            # A 503 error from PyPI typically means that the Fastly -> Origin
+            # connection got interrupted in some way. A 503 error in general
+            # is typically considered a transient error so we'll go ahead and
+            # retry it.
+            # A 500 may indicate transient error in Amazon S3
+            # A 502 may be a transient error from a CDN like CloudFlare or CloudFront
+            # A 520 or 527 - may indicate transient error in CloudFlare
+            status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 520, 527],
+            # Add a small amount of back off between failed requests in
+            # order to prevent hammering the service.
+            backoff_factor=0.25,
+        )  # type: ignore
+
+        # Our Insecure HTTPAdapter disables HTTPS validation. It does not
+        # support caching so we'll use it for all http:// URLs.
+        # If caching is disabled, we will also use it for
+        # https:// hosts that we've marked as ignoring
+        # TLS errors for (trusted-hosts).
+        insecure_adapter = InsecureHTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)
+
+        # We want to _only_ cache responses on securely fetched origins or when
+        # the host is specified as trusted. We do this because
+        # we can't validate the response of an insecurely/untrusted fetched
+        # origin, and we don't want someone to be able to poison the cache and
+        # require manual eviction from the cache to fix it.
+        if cache:
+            secure_adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
+                cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
+                max_retries=retries,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            )
+            self._trusted_host_adapter = InsecureCacheControlAdapter(
+                cache=SafeFileCache(cache),
+                max_retries=retries,
+            )
+        else:
+            secure_adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries, ssl_context=ssl_context)
+            self._trusted_host_adapter = insecure_adapter
+
+        self.mount("https://", secure_adapter)
+        self.mount("http://", insecure_adapter)
+
+        # Enable file:// urls
+        self.mount("file://", LocalFSAdapter())
+
+        for host in trusted_hosts:
+            self.add_trusted_host(host, suppress_logging=True)
+
+    def update_index_urls(self, new_index_urls: List[str]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param new_index_urls: New index urls to update the authentication
+            handler with.
+        """
+        self.auth.index_urls = new_index_urls
+
+    def add_trusted_host(
+        self, host: str, source: Optional[str] = None, suppress_logging: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param host: It is okay to provide a host that has previously been
+            added.
+        :param source: An optional source string, for logging where the host
+            string came from.
+        """
+        if not suppress_logging:
+            msg = f"adding trusted host: {host!r}"
+            if source is not None:
+                msg += f" (from {source})"
+            logger.info(msg)
+
+        parsed_host, parsed_port = parse_netloc(host)
+        if parsed_host is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Trusted host URL must include a host part: {host!r}")
+        if (parsed_host, parsed_port) not in self.pip_trusted_origins:
+            self.pip_trusted_origins.append((parsed_host, parsed_port))
+
+        self.mount(
+            build_url_from_netloc(host, scheme="http") + "/", self._trusted_host_adapter
+        )
+        self.mount(build_url_from_netloc(host) + "/", self._trusted_host_adapter)
+        if not parsed_port:
+            self.mount(
+                build_url_from_netloc(host, scheme="http") + ":",
+                self._trusted_host_adapter,
+            )
+            # Mount wildcard ports for the same host.
+            self.mount(build_url_from_netloc(host) + ":", self._trusted_host_adapter)
+
+    def iter_secure_origins(self) -> Generator[SecureOrigin, None, None]:
+        yield from SECURE_ORIGINS
+        for host, port in self.pip_trusted_origins:
+            yield ("*", host, "*" if port is None else port)
+
+    def is_secure_origin(self, location: Link) -> bool:
+        # Determine if this url used a secure transport mechanism
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(str(location))
+        origin_protocol, origin_host, origin_port = (
+            parsed.scheme,
+            parsed.hostname,
+            parsed.port,
+        )
+
+        # The protocol to use to see if the protocol matches.
+        # Don't count the repository type as part of the protocol: in
+        # cases such as "git+ssh", only use "ssh". (I.e., Only verify against
+        # the last scheme.)
+        origin_protocol = origin_protocol.rsplit("+", 1)[-1]
+
+        # Determine if our origin is a secure origin by looking through our
+        # hardcoded list of secure origins, as well as any additional ones
+        # configured on this PackageFinder instance.
+        for secure_origin in self.iter_secure_origins():
+            secure_protocol, secure_host, secure_port = secure_origin
+            if origin_protocol != secure_protocol and secure_protocol != "*":
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                addr = ipaddress.ip_address(origin_host or "")
+                network = ipaddress.ip_network(secure_host)
+            except ValueError:
+                # We don't have both a valid address or a valid network, so
+                # we'll check this origin against hostnames.
+                if (
+                    origin_host
+                    and origin_host.lower() != secure_host.lower()
+                    and secure_host != "*"
+                ):
+                    continue
+            else:
+                # We have a valid address and network, so see if the address
+                # is contained within the network.
+                if addr not in network:
+                    continue
+
+            # Check to see if the port matches.
+            if (
+                origin_port != secure_port
+                and secure_port != "*"
+                and secure_port is not None
+            ):
+                continue
+
+            # If we've gotten here, then this origin matches the current
+            # secure origin and we should return True
+            return True
+
+        # If we've gotten to this point, then the origin isn't secure and we
+        # will not accept it as a valid location to search. We will however
+        # log a warning that we are ignoring it.
+        logger.warning(
+            "The repository located at %s is not a trusted or secure host and "
+            "is being ignored. If this repository is available via HTTPS we "
+            "recommend you use HTTPS instead, otherwise you may silence "
+            "this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host %s'.",
+            origin_host,
+            origin_host,
+        )
+
+        return False
+
+    def request(self, method: str, url: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Response:
+        # Allow setting a default timeout on a session
+        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", self.timeout)
+        # Allow setting a default proxies on a session
+        kwargs.setdefault("proxies", self.proxies)
+
+        # Dispatch the actual request
+        return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..134848a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from typing import Dict, Generator
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.models import CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE, Response
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+
+# The following comments and HTTP headers were originally added by
+# Donald Stufft in git commit 22c562429a61bb77172039e480873fb239dd8c03.
+#
+# We use Accept-Encoding: identity here because requests defaults to
+# accepting compressed responses. This breaks in a variety of ways
+# depending on how the server is configured.
+# - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a compressible file
+#   and will leave the file alone and with an empty Content-Encoding
+# - Some servers will notice that the file is already compressed and
+#   will leave the file alone, adding a Content-Encoding: gzip header
+# - Some servers won't notice anything at all and will take a file
+#   that's already been compressed and compress it again, and set
+#   the Content-Encoding: gzip header
+# By setting this to request only the identity encoding we're hoping
+# to eliminate the third case.  Hopefully there does not exist a server
+# which when given a file will notice it is already compressed and that
+# you're not asking for a compressed file and will then decompress it
+# before sending because if that's the case I don't think it'll ever be
+# possible to make this work.
+HEADERS: Dict[str, str] = {"Accept-Encoding": "identity"}
+
+
+def raise_for_status(resp: Response) -> None:
+    http_error_msg = ""
+    if isinstance(resp.reason, bytes):
+        # We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
+        # choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
+        # isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
+        # encodings.
+        try:
+            reason = resp.reason.decode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            reason = resp.reason.decode("iso-8859-1")
+    else:
+        reason = resp.reason
+
+    if 400 <= resp.status_code < 500:
+        http_error_msg = (
+            f"{resp.status_code} Client Error: {reason} for url: {resp.url}"
+        )
+
+    elif 500 <= resp.status_code < 600:
+        http_error_msg = (
+            f"{resp.status_code} Server Error: {reason} for url: {resp.url}"
+        )
+
+    if http_error_msg:
+        raise NetworkConnectionError(http_error_msg, response=resp)
+
+
+def response_chunks(
+    response: Response, chunk_size: int = CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    """Given a requests Response, provide the data chunks."""
+    try:
+        # Special case for urllib3.
+        for chunk in response.raw.stream(
+            chunk_size,
+            # We use decode_content=False here because we don't
+            # want urllib3 to mess with the raw bytes we get
+            # from the server. If we decompress inside of
+            # urllib3 then we cannot verify the checksum
+            # because the checksum will be of the compressed
+            # file. This breakage will only occur if the
+            # server adds a Content-Encoding header, which
+            # depends on how the server was configured:
+            # - Some servers will notice that the file isn't a
+            #   compressible file and will leave the file alone
+            #   and with an empty Content-Encoding
+            # - Some servers will notice that the file is
+            #   already compressed and will leave the file
+            #   alone and will add a Content-Encoding: gzip
+            #   header
+            # - Some servers won't notice anything at all and
+            #   will take a file that's already been compressed
+            #   and compress it again and set the
+            #   Content-Encoding: gzip header
+            #
+            # By setting this not to decode automatically we
+            # hope to eliminate problems with the second case.
+            decode_content=False,
+        ):
+            yield chunk
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Standard file-like object.
+        while True:
+            chunk = response.raw.read(chunk_size)
+            if not chunk:
+                break
+            yield chunk
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22ec8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""xmlrpclib.Transport implementation
+"""
+
+import logging
+import urllib.parse
+import xmlrpc.client
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import NetworkConnectionError
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from xmlrpc.client import _HostType, _Marshallable
+
+    from _typeshed import SizedBuffer
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PipXmlrpcTransport(xmlrpc.client.Transport):
+    """Provide a `xmlrpclib.Transport` implementation via a `PipSession`
+    object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, index_url: str, session: PipSession, use_datetime: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(use_datetime)
+        index_parts = urllib.parse.urlparse(index_url)
+        self._scheme = index_parts.scheme
+        self._session = session
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        host: "_HostType",
+        handler: str,
+        request_body: "SizedBuffer",
+        verbose: bool = False,
+    ) -> Tuple["_Marshallable", ...]:
+        assert isinstance(host, str)
+        parts = (self._scheme, host, handler, None, None, None)
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(parts)
+        try:
+            headers = {"Content-Type": "text/xml"}
+            response = self._session.post(
+                url,
+                data=request_body,
+                headers=headers,
+                stream=True,
+            )
+            raise_for_status(response)
+            self.verbose = verbose
+            return self.parse_response(response.raw)
+        except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+            assert exc.response
+            logger.critical(
+                "HTTP error %s while getting %s",
+                exc.response.status_code,
+                url,
+            )
+            raise
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3791932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/build_tracker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Dict, Generator, Optional, Set, Type, Union
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def update_env_context_manager(**changes: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    target = os.environ
+
+    # Save values from the target and change them.
+    non_existent_marker = object()
+    saved_values: Dict[str, Union[object, str]] = {}
+    for name, new_value in changes.items():
+        try:
+            saved_values[name] = target[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            saved_values[name] = non_existent_marker
+        target[name] = new_value
+
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        # Restore original values in the target.
+        for name, original_value in saved_values.items():
+            if original_value is non_existent_marker:
+                del target[name]
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(original_value, str)  # for mypy
+                target[name] = original_value
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def get_build_tracker() -> Generator["BuildTracker", None, None]:
+    root = os.environ.get("PIP_BUILD_TRACKER")
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as ctx:
+        if root is None:
+            root = ctx.enter_context(TempDirectory(kind="build-tracker")).path
+            ctx.enter_context(update_env_context_manager(PIP_BUILD_TRACKER=root))
+            logger.debug("Initialized build tracking at %s", root)
+
+        with BuildTracker(root) as tracker:
+            yield tracker
+
+
+class TrackerId(str):
+    """Uniquely identifying string provided to the build tracker."""
+
+
+class BuildTracker:
+    """Ensure that an sdist cannot request itself as a setup requirement.
+
+    When an sdist is prepared, it identifies its setup requirements in the
+    context of ``BuildTracker.track()``. If a requirement shows up recursively, this
+    raises an exception.
+
+    This stops fork bombs embedded in malicious packages."""
+
+    def __init__(self, root: str) -> None:
+        self._root = root
+        self._entries: Dict[TrackerId, InstallRequirement] = {}
+        logger.debug("Created build tracker: %s", self._root)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "BuildTracker":
+        logger.debug("Entered build tracker: %s", self._root)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.cleanup()
+
+    def _entry_path(self, key: TrackerId) -> str:
+        hashed = hashlib.sha224(key.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return os.path.join(self._root, hashed)
+
+    def add(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: TrackerId) -> None:
+        """Add an InstallRequirement to build tracking."""
+
+        # Get the file to write information about this requirement.
+        entry_path = self._entry_path(key)
+
+        # Try reading from the file. If it exists and can be read from, a build
+        # is already in progress, so a LookupError is raised.
+        try:
+            with open(entry_path) as fp:
+                contents = fp.read()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            message = "{} is already being built: {}".format(req.link, contents)
+            raise LookupError(message)
+
+        # If we're here, req should really not be building already.
+        assert key not in self._entries
+
+        # Start tracking this requirement.
+        with open(entry_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+            fp.write(str(req))
+        self._entries[key] = req
+
+        logger.debug("Added %s to build tracker %r", req, self._root)
+
+    def remove(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: TrackerId) -> None:
+        """Remove an InstallRequirement from build tracking."""
+
+        # Delete the created file and the corresponding entry.
+        os.unlink(self._entry_path(key))
+        del self._entries[key]
+
+        logger.debug("Removed %s from build tracker %r", req, self._root)
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        for key, req in list(self._entries.items()):
+            self.remove(req, key)
+
+        logger.debug("Removed build tracker: %r", self._root)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def track(self, req: InstallRequirement, key: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        """Ensure that `key` cannot install itself as a setup requirement.
+
+        :raises LookupError: If `key` was already provided in a parent invocation of
+                             the context introduced by this method."""
+        tracker_id = TrackerId(key)
+        self.add(req, tracker_id)
+        yield
+        self.remove(req, tracker_id)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c66ac35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for source distributions.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+
+def generate_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment, backend: BuildBackendHookCaller, details: str
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using mechanisms described in PEP 517.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    metadata_tmpdir = TempDirectory(kind="modern-metadata", globally_managed=True)
+
+    metadata_dir = metadata_tmpdir.path
+
+    with build_env:
+        # Note that BuildBackendHookCaller implements a fallback for
+        # prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel, so we don't have to
+        # consider the possibility that this hook doesn't exist.
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message("Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml)")
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                distinfo_dir = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(metadata_dir)
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    return os.path.join(metadata_dir, distinfo_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c69f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_editable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for source distributions.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+
+def generate_editable_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment, backend: BuildBackendHookCaller, details: str
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using mechanisms described in PEP 660.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    metadata_tmpdir = TempDirectory(kind="modern-metadata", globally_managed=True)
+
+    metadata_dir = metadata_tmpdir.path
+
+    with build_env:
+        # Note that BuildBackendHookCaller implements a fallback for
+        # prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel/editable, so we don't have to
+        # consider the possibility that this hook doesn't exist.
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            "Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                distinfo_dir = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(metadata_dir)
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    return os.path.join(metadata_dir, distinfo_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e60988d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/metadata_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Metadata generation logic for legacy source distributions.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationError,
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataGenerationFailed,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_egg_info_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _find_egg_info(directory: str) -> str:
+    """Find an .egg-info subdirectory in `directory`."""
+    filenames = [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if f.endswith(".egg-info")]
+
+    if not filenames:
+        raise InstallationError(f"No .egg-info directory found in {directory}")
+
+    if len(filenames) > 1:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "More than one .egg-info directory found in {}".format(directory)
+        )
+
+    return os.path.join(directory, filenames[0])
+
+
+def generate_metadata(
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    source_dir: str,
+    isolated: bool,
+    details: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate metadata using setup.py-based defacto mechanisms.
+
+    Returns the generated metadata directory.
+    """
+    logger.debug(
+        "Running setup.py (path:%s) egg_info for package %s",
+        setup_py_path,
+        details,
+    )
+
+    egg_info_dir = TempDirectory(kind="pip-egg-info", globally_managed=True).path
+
+    args = make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        egg_info_dir=egg_info_dir,
+        no_user_config=isolated,
+    )
+
+    with build_env:
+        with open_spinner("Preparing metadata (setup.py)") as spinner:
+            try:
+                call_subprocess(
+                    args,
+                    cwd=source_dir,
+                    command_desc="python setup.py egg_info",
+                    spinner=spinner,
+                )
+            except InstallationSubprocessError as error:
+                raise MetadataGenerationFailed(package_details=details) from error
+
+    # Return the .egg-info directory.
+    return _find_egg_info(egg_info_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..064811a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_wheel_pep517(
+    name: str,
+    backend: BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    metadata_directory: str,
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one InstallRequirement using the PEP 517 build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    assert metadata_directory is not None
+    try:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            f"Building wheel for {name} (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            wheel_name = backend.build_wheel(
+                tempd,
+                metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            )
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed building wheel for %s", name)
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719d69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_editable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller, HookMissing
+
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def build_wheel_editable(
+    name: str,
+    backend: BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    metadata_directory: str,
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one InstallRequirement using the PEP 660 build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    assert metadata_directory is not None
+    try:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+            f"Building editable for {name} (pyproject.toml)"
+        )
+        with backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+            try:
+                wheel_name = backend.build_editable(
+                    tempd,
+                    metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+                )
+            except HookMissing as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Cannot build editable %s because the build "
+                    "backend does not have the %s hook",
+                    name,
+                    e,
+                )
+                return None
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed building editable for %s", name)
+        return None
+    return os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5f0492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/build/wheel_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import logging
+import os.path
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import open_spinner
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess, format_command_args
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def format_command_result(
+    command_args: List[str],
+    command_output: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Format command information for logging."""
+    command_desc = format_command_args(command_args)
+    text = f"Command arguments: {command_desc}\n"
+
+    if not command_output:
+        text += "Command output: None"
+    elif logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.DEBUG:
+        text += "Command output: [use --verbose to show]"
+    else:
+        if not command_output.endswith("\n"):
+            command_output += "\n"
+        text += f"Command output:\n{command_output}"
+
+    return text
+
+
+def get_legacy_build_wheel_path(
+    names: List[str],
+    temp_dir: str,
+    name: str,
+    command_args: List[str],
+    command_output: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Return the path to the wheel in the temporary build directory."""
+    # Sort for determinism.
+    names = sorted(names)
+    if not names:
+        msg = ("Legacy build of wheel for {!r} created no files.\n").format(name)
+        msg += format_command_result(command_args, command_output)
+        logger.warning(msg)
+        return None
+
+    if len(names) > 1:
+        msg = (
+            "Legacy build of wheel for {!r} created more than one file.\n"
+            "Filenames (choosing first): {}\n"
+        ).format(name, names)
+        msg += format_command_result(command_args, command_output)
+        logger.warning(msg)
+
+    return os.path.join(temp_dir, names[0])
+
+
+def build_wheel_legacy(
+    name: str,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    source_dir: str,
+    global_options: List[str],
+    build_options: List[str],
+    tempd: str,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one unpacked package using the "legacy" build process.
+
+    Returns path to wheel if successfully built. Otherwise, returns None.
+    """
+    wheel_args = make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        build_options=build_options,
+        destination_dir=tempd,
+    )
+
+    spin_message = f"Building wheel for {name} (setup.py)"
+    with open_spinner(spin_message) as spinner:
+        logger.debug("Destination directory: %s", tempd)
+
+        try:
+            output = call_subprocess(
+                wheel_args,
+                command_desc="python setup.py bdist_wheel",
+                cwd=source_dir,
+                spinner=spinner,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            spinner.finish("error")
+            logger.error("Failed building wheel for %s", name)
+            return None
+
+        names = os.listdir(tempd)
+        wheel_path = get_legacy_build_wheel_path(
+            names=names,
+            temp_dir=tempd,
+            name=name,
+            command_args=wheel_args,
+            command_output=output,
+        )
+        return wheel_path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90c6a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+"""Validation of dependencies of packages
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import LegacySpecifier
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion
+
+from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import DistributionVersion
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PackageDetails(NamedTuple):
+    version: DistributionVersion
+    dependencies: List[Requirement]
+
+
+# Shorthands
+PackageSet = Dict[NormalizedName, PackageDetails]
+Missing = Tuple[NormalizedName, Requirement]
+Conflicting = Tuple[NormalizedName, DistributionVersion, Requirement]
+
+MissingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Missing]]
+ConflictingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Conflicting]]
+CheckResult = Tuple[MissingDict, ConflictingDict]
+ConflictDetails = Tuple[PackageSet, CheckResult]
+
+
+def create_package_set_from_installed() -> Tuple[PackageSet, bool]:
+    """Converts a list of distributions into a PackageSet."""
+    package_set = {}
+    problems = False
+    env = get_default_environment()
+    for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False, skip=()):
+        name = dist.canonical_name
+        try:
+            dependencies = list(dist.iter_dependencies())
+            package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, dependencies)
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+            # Don't crash on unreadable or broken metadata.
+            logger.warning("Error parsing requirements for %s: %s", name, e)
+            problems = True
+    return package_set, problems
+
+
+def check_package_set(
+    package_set: PackageSet, should_ignore: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None
+) -> CheckResult:
+    """Check if a package set is consistent
+
+    If should_ignore is passed, it should be a callable that takes a
+    package name and returns a boolean.
+    """
+
+    warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(package_set)
+
+    missing = {}
+    conflicting = {}
+
+    for package_name, package_detail in package_set.items():
+        # Info about dependencies of package_name
+        missing_deps: Set[Missing] = set()
+        conflicting_deps: Set[Conflicting] = set()
+
+        if should_ignore and should_ignore(package_name):
+            continue
+
+        for req in package_detail.dependencies:
+            name = canonicalize_name(req.name)
+
+            # Check if it's missing
+            if name not in package_set:
+                missed = True
+                if req.marker is not None:
+                    missed = req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""})
+                if missed:
+                    missing_deps.add((name, req))
+                continue
+
+            # Check if there's a conflict
+            version = package_set[name].version
+            if not req.specifier.contains(version, prereleases=True):
+                conflicting_deps.add((name, version, req))
+
+        if missing_deps:
+            missing[package_name] = sorted(missing_deps, key=str)
+        if conflicting_deps:
+            conflicting[package_name] = sorted(conflicting_deps, key=str)
+
+    return missing, conflicting
+
+
+def check_install_conflicts(to_install: List[InstallRequirement]) -> ConflictDetails:
+    """For checking if the dependency graph would be consistent after \
+    installing given requirements
+    """
+    # Start from the current state
+    package_set, _ = create_package_set_from_installed()
+    # Install packages
+    would_be_installed = _simulate_installation_of(to_install, package_set)
+
+    # Only warn about directly-dependent packages; create a whitelist of them
+    whitelist = _create_whitelist(would_be_installed, package_set)
+
+    return (
+        package_set,
+        check_package_set(
+            package_set, should_ignore=lambda name: name not in whitelist
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _simulate_installation_of(
+    to_install: List[InstallRequirement], package_set: PackageSet
+) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
+    """Computes the version of packages after installing to_install."""
+    # Keep track of packages that were installed
+    installed = set()
+
+    # Modify it as installing requirement_set would (assuming no errors)
+    for inst_req in to_install:
+        abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(inst_req)
+        dist = abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
+        name = dist.canonical_name
+        package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, list(dist.iter_dependencies()))
+
+        installed.add(name)
+
+    return installed
+
+
+def _create_whitelist(
+    would_be_installed: Set[NormalizedName], package_set: PackageSet
+) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
+    packages_affected = set(would_be_installed)
+
+    for package_name in package_set:
+        if package_name in packages_affected:
+            continue
+
+        for req in package_set[package_name].dependencies:
+            if canonicalize_name(req.name) in packages_affected:
+                packages_affected.add(package_name)
+                break
+
+    return packages_affected
+
+
+def warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(package_set: PackageSet) -> None:
+    for project_name, package_details in package_set.items():
+        if isinstance(package_details.version, LegacyVersion):
+            deprecated(
+                reason=(
+                    f"{project_name} {package_details.version} "
+                    f"has a non-standard version number."
+                ),
+                replacement=(
+                    f"to upgrade to a newer version of {project_name} "
+                    f"or contact the author to suggest that they "
+                    f"release a version with a conforming version number"
+                ),
+                issue=12063,
+                gone_in="24.1",
+            )
+        for dep in package_details.dependencies:
+            if any(isinstance(spec, LegacySpecifier) for spec in dep.specifier):
+                deprecated(
+                    reason=(
+                        f"{project_name} {package_details.version} "
+                        f"has a non-standard dependency specifier {dep}."
+                    ),
+                    replacement=(
+                        f"to upgrade to a newer version of {project_name} "
+                        f"or contact the author to suggest that they "
+                        f"release a version with a conforming dependency specifiers"
+                    ),
+                    issue=12063,
+                    gone_in="24.1",
+                )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3544568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import collections
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Container, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_environment
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import COMMENT_RE
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class _EditableInfo(NamedTuple):
+    requirement: str
+    comments: List[str]
+
+
+def freeze(
+    requirement: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    local_only: bool = False,
+    user_only: bool = False,
+    paths: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    exclude_editable: bool = False,
+    skip: Container[str] = (),
+) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    installations: Dict[str, FrozenRequirement] = {}
+
+    dists = get_environment(paths).iter_installed_distributions(
+        local_only=local_only,
+        skip=(),
+        user_only=user_only,
+    )
+    for dist in dists:
+        req = FrozenRequirement.from_dist(dist)
+        if exclude_editable and req.editable:
+            continue
+        installations[req.canonical_name] = req
+
+    if requirement:
+        # the options that don't get turned into an InstallRequirement
+        # should only be emitted once, even if the same option is in multiple
+        # requirements files, so we need to keep track of what has been emitted
+        # so that we don't emit it again if it's seen again
+        emitted_options: Set[str] = set()
+        # keep track of which files a requirement is in so that we can
+        # give an accurate warning if a requirement appears multiple times.
+        req_files: Dict[str, List[str]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        for req_file_path in requirement:
+            with open(req_file_path) as req_file:
+                for line in req_file:
+                    if (
+                        not line.strip()
+                        or line.strip().startswith("#")
+                        or line.startswith(
+                            (
+                                "-r",
+                                "--requirement",
+                                "-f",
+                                "--find-links",
+                                "-i",
+                                "--index-url",
+                                "--pre",
+                                "--trusted-host",
+                                "--process-dependency-links",
+                                "--extra-index-url",
+                                "--use-feature",
+                            )
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        line = line.rstrip()
+                        if line not in emitted_options:
+                            emitted_options.add(line)
+                            yield line
+                        continue
+
+                    if line.startswith("-e") or line.startswith("--editable"):
+                        if line.startswith("-e"):
+                            line = line[2:].strip()
+                        else:
+                            line = line[len("--editable") :].strip().lstrip("=")
+                        line_req = install_req_from_editable(
+                            line,
+                            isolated=isolated,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        line_req = install_req_from_line(
+                            COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip(),
+                            isolated=isolated,
+                        )
+
+                    if not line_req.name:
+                        logger.info(
+                            "Skipping line in requirement file [%s] because "
+                            "it's not clear what it would install: %s",
+                            req_file_path,
+                            line.strip(),
+                        )
+                        logger.info(
+                            "  (add #egg=PackageName to the URL to avoid"
+                            " this warning)"
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        line_req_canonical_name = canonicalize_name(line_req.name)
+                        if line_req_canonical_name not in installations:
+                            # either it's not installed, or it is installed
+                            # but has been processed already
+                            if not req_files[line_req.name]:
+                                logger.warning(
+                                    "Requirement file [%s] contains %s, but "
+                                    "package %r is not installed",
+                                    req_file_path,
+                                    COMMENT_RE.sub("", line).strip(),
+                                    line_req.name,
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                req_files[line_req.name].append(req_file_path)
+                        else:
+                            yield str(installations[line_req_canonical_name]).rstrip()
+                            del installations[line_req_canonical_name]
+                            req_files[line_req.name].append(req_file_path)
+
+        # Warn about requirements that were included multiple times (in a
+        # single requirements file or in different requirements files).
+        for name, files in req_files.items():
+            if len(files) > 1:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Requirement %s included multiple times [%s]",
+                    name,
+                    ", ".join(sorted(set(files))),
+                )
+
+        yield ("## The following requirements were added by pip freeze:")
+    for installation in sorted(installations.values(), key=lambda x: x.name.lower()):
+        if installation.canonical_name not in skip:
+            yield str(installation).rstrip()
+
+
+def _format_as_name_version(dist: BaseDistribution) -> str:
+    dist_version = dist.version
+    if isinstance(dist_version, Version):
+        return f"{dist.raw_name}=={dist_version}"
+    return f"{dist.raw_name}==={dist_version}"
+
+
+def _get_editable_info(dist: BaseDistribution) -> _EditableInfo:
+    """
+    Compute and return values (req, comments) for use in
+    FrozenRequirement.from_dist().
+    """
+    editable_project_location = dist.editable_project_location
+    assert editable_project_location
+    location = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(editable_project_location))
+
+    from pip._internal.vcs import RemoteNotFoundError, RemoteNotValidError, vcs
+
+    vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_dir(location)
+
+    if vcs_backend is None:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        logger.debug(
+            'No VCS found for editable requirement "%s" in: %r',
+            display,
+            location,
+        )
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[f"# Editable install with no version control ({display})"],
+        )
+
+    vcs_name = type(vcs_backend).__name__
+
+    try:
+        req = vcs_backend.get_src_requirement(location, dist.raw_name)
+    except RemoteNotFoundError:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[f"# Editable {vcs_name} install with no remote ({display})"],
+        )
+    except RemoteNotValidError as ex:
+        display = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+        return _EditableInfo(
+            requirement=location,
+            comments=[
+                f"# Editable {vcs_name} install ({display}) with either a deleted "
+                f"local remote or invalid URI:",
+                f"# '{ex.url}'",
+            ],
+        )
+    except BadCommand:
+        logger.warning(
+            "cannot determine version of editable source in %s "
+            "(%s command not found in path)",
+            location,
+            vcs_backend.name,
+        )
+        return _EditableInfo(requirement=location, comments=[])
+    except InstallationError as exc:
+        logger.warning("Error when trying to get requirement for VCS system %s", exc)
+    else:
+        return _EditableInfo(requirement=req, comments=[])
+
+    logger.warning("Could not determine repository location of %s", location)
+
+    return _EditableInfo(
+        requirement=location,
+        comments=["## !! Could not determine repository location"],
+    )
+
+
+class FrozenRequirement:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        req: str,
+        editable: bool,
+        comments: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+        self.req = req
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.comments = comments
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dist(cls, dist: BaseDistribution) -> "FrozenRequirement":
+        editable = dist.editable
+        if editable:
+            req, comments = _get_editable_info(dist)
+        else:
+            comments = []
+            direct_url = dist.direct_url
+            if direct_url:
+                # if PEP 610 metadata is present, use it
+                req = direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url, dist.raw_name)
+            else:
+                # name==version requirement
+                req = _format_as_name_version(dist)
+
+        return cls(dist.raw_name, req, editable, comments=comments)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        req = self.req
+        if self.editable:
+            req = f"-e {req}"
+        return "\n".join(list(self.comments) + [str(req)]) + "\n"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24d6a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""For modules related to installing packages.
+"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bebe24e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/editable_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Legacy editable installation process, i.e. `setup.py develop`.
+"""
+import logging
+from typing import Optional, Sequence
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_develop_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def install_editable(
+    *,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    use_user_site: bool,
+    name: str,
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    isolated: bool,
+    build_env: BuildEnvironment,
+    unpacked_source_directory: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Install a package in editable mode. Most arguments are pass-through
+    to setuptools.
+    """
+    logger.info("Running setup.py develop for %s", name)
+
+    args = make_setuptools_develop_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        no_user_config=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+        home=home,
+        use_user_site=use_user_site,
+    )
+
+    with indent_log():
+        with build_env:
+            call_subprocess(
+                args,
+                command_desc="python setup.py develop",
+                cwd=unpacked_source_directory,
+            )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f67180c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+"""Support for installing and building the "wheel" binary package format.
+"""
+
+import collections
+import compileall
+import contextlib
+import csv
+import importlib
+import logging
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import warnings
+from base64 import urlsafe_b64encode
+from email.message import Message
+from itertools import chain, filterfalse, starmap
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from zipfile import ZipFile, ZipInfo
+
+from pip._vendor.distlib.scripts import ScriptMaker
+from pip._vendor.distlib.util import get_export_entry
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    FilesystemWheel,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME, DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.scheme import SCHEME_KEYS, Scheme
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import captured_stdout, ensure_dir, hash_file, partition
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import (
+    current_umask,
+    is_within_directory,
+    set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable,
+    zip_item_is_executable,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.wheel import parse_wheel
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    class File(Protocol):
+        src_record_path: "RecordPath"
+        dest_path: str
+        changed: bool
+
+        def save(self) -> None:
+            pass
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+RecordPath = NewType("RecordPath", str)
+InstalledCSVRow = Tuple[RecordPath, str, Union[int, str]]
+
+
+def rehash(path: str, blocksize: int = 1 << 20) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Return (encoded_digest, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()"""
+    h, length = hash_file(path, blocksize)
+    digest = "sha256=" + urlsafe_b64encode(h.digest()).decode("latin1").rstrip("=")
+    return (digest, str(length))
+
+
+def csv_io_kwargs(mode: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return keyword arguments to properly open a CSV file
+    in the given mode.
+    """
+    return {"mode": mode, "newline": "", "encoding": "utf-8"}
+
+
+def fix_script(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Replace #!python with #!/path/to/python
+    Return True if file was changed.
+    """
+    # XXX RECORD hashes will need to be updated
+    assert os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as script:
+        firstline = script.readline()
+        if not firstline.startswith(b"#!python"):
+            return False
+        exename = sys.executable.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+        firstline = b"#!" + exename + os.linesep.encode("ascii")
+        rest = script.read()
+    with open(path, "wb") as script:
+        script.write(firstline)
+        script.write(rest)
+    return True
+
+
+def wheel_root_is_purelib(metadata: Message) -> bool:
+    return metadata.get("Root-Is-Purelib", "").lower() == "true"
+
+
+def get_entrypoints(dist: BaseDistribution) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str]]:
+    console_scripts = {}
+    gui_scripts = {}
+    for entry_point in dist.iter_entry_points():
+        if entry_point.group == "console_scripts":
+            console_scripts[entry_point.name] = entry_point.value
+        elif entry_point.group == "gui_scripts":
+            gui_scripts[entry_point.name] = entry_point.value
+    return console_scripts, gui_scripts
+
+
+def message_about_scripts_not_on_PATH(scripts: Sequence[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Determine if any scripts are not on PATH and format a warning.
+    Returns a warning message if one or more scripts are not on PATH,
+    otherwise None.
+    """
+    if not scripts:
+        return None
+
+    # Group scripts by the path they were installed in
+    grouped_by_dir: Dict[str, Set[str]] = collections.defaultdict(set)
+    for destfile in scripts:
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(destfile)
+        script_name = os.path.basename(destfile)
+        grouped_by_dir[parent_dir].add(script_name)
+
+    # We don't want to warn for directories that are on PATH.
+    not_warn_dirs = [
+        os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(i)).rstrip(os.sep)
+        for i in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)
+    ]
+    # If an executable sits with sys.executable, we don't warn for it.
+    #     This covers the case of venv invocations without activating the venv.
+    not_warn_dirs.append(
+        os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(sys.executable)))
+    )
+    warn_for: Dict[str, Set[str]] = {
+        parent_dir: scripts
+        for parent_dir, scripts in grouped_by_dir.items()
+        if os.path.normcase(os.path.normpath(parent_dir)) not in not_warn_dirs
+    }
+    if not warn_for:
+        return None
+
+    # Format a message
+    msg_lines = []
+    for parent_dir, dir_scripts in warn_for.items():
+        sorted_scripts: List[str] = sorted(dir_scripts)
+        if len(sorted_scripts) == 1:
+            start_text = f"script {sorted_scripts[0]} is"
+        else:
+            start_text = "scripts {} are".format(
+                ", ".join(sorted_scripts[:-1]) + " and " + sorted_scripts[-1]
+            )
+
+        msg_lines.append(
+            f"The {start_text} installed in '{parent_dir}' which is not on PATH."
+        )
+
+    last_line_fmt = (
+        "Consider adding {} to PATH or, if you prefer "
+        "to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location."
+    )
+    if len(msg_lines) == 1:
+        msg_lines.append(last_line_fmt.format("this directory"))
+    else:
+        msg_lines.append(last_line_fmt.format("these directories"))
+
+    # Add a note if any directory starts with ~
+    warn_for_tilde = any(
+        i[0] == "~" for i in os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep) if i
+    )
+    if warn_for_tilde:
+        tilde_warning_msg = (
+            "NOTE: The current PATH contains path(s) starting with `~`, "
+            "which may not be expanded by all applications."
+        )
+        msg_lines.append(tilde_warning_msg)
+
+    # Returns the formatted multiline message
+    return "\n".join(msg_lines)
+
+
+def _normalized_outrows(
+    outrows: Iterable[InstalledCSVRow],
+) -> List[Tuple[str, str, str]]:
+    """Normalize the given rows of a RECORD file.
+
+    Items in each row are converted into str. Rows are then sorted to make
+    the value more predictable for tests.
+
+    Each row is a 3-tuple (path, hash, size) and corresponds to a record of
+    a RECORD file (see PEP 376 and PEP 427 for details).  For the rows
+    passed to this function, the size can be an integer as an int or string,
+    or the empty string.
+    """
+    # Normally, there should only be one row per path, in which case the
+    # second and third elements don't come into play when sorting.
+    # However, in cases in the wild where a path might happen to occur twice,
+    # we don't want the sort operation to trigger an error (but still want
+    # determinism).  Since the third element can be an int or string, we
+    # coerce each element to a string to avoid a TypeError in this case.
+    # For additional background, see--
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5868
+    return sorted(
+        (record_path, hash_, str(size)) for record_path, hash_, size in outrows
+    )
+
+
+def _record_to_fs_path(record_path: RecordPath, lib_dir: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(lib_dir, record_path)
+
+
+def _fs_to_record_path(path: str, lib_dir: str) -> RecordPath:
+    # On Windows, do not handle relative paths if they belong to different
+    # logical disks
+    if os.path.splitdrive(path)[0].lower() == os.path.splitdrive(lib_dir)[0].lower():
+        path = os.path.relpath(path, lib_dir)
+
+    path = path.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+    return cast("RecordPath", path)
+
+
+def get_csv_rows_for_installed(
+    old_csv_rows: List[List[str]],
+    installed: Dict[RecordPath, RecordPath],
+    changed: Set[RecordPath],
+    generated: List[str],
+    lib_dir: str,
+) -> List[InstalledCSVRow]:
+    """
+    :param installed: A map from archive RECORD path to installation RECORD
+        path.
+    """
+    installed_rows: List[InstalledCSVRow] = []
+    for row in old_csv_rows:
+        if len(row) > 3:
+            logger.warning("RECORD line has more than three elements: %s", row)
+        old_record_path = cast("RecordPath", row[0])
+        new_record_path = installed.pop(old_record_path, old_record_path)
+        if new_record_path in changed:
+            digest, length = rehash(_record_to_fs_path(new_record_path, lib_dir))
+        else:
+            digest = row[1] if len(row) > 1 else ""
+            length = row[2] if len(row) > 2 else ""
+        installed_rows.append((new_record_path, digest, length))
+    for f in generated:
+        path = _fs_to_record_path(f, lib_dir)
+        digest, length = rehash(f)
+        installed_rows.append((path, digest, length))
+    return installed_rows + [
+        (installed_record_path, "", "") for installed_record_path in installed.values()
+    ]
+
+
+def get_console_script_specs(console: Dict[str, str]) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Given the mapping from entrypoint name to callable, return the relevant
+    console script specs.
+    """
+    # Don't mutate caller's version
+    console = console.copy()
+
+    scripts_to_generate = []
+
+    # Special case pip and setuptools to generate versioned wrappers
+    #
+    # The issue is that some projects (specifically, pip and setuptools) use
+    # code in setup.py to create "versioned" entry points - pip2.7 on Python
+    # 2.7, pip3.3 on Python 3.3, etc. But these entry points are baked into
+    # the wheel metadata at build time, and so if the wheel is installed with
+    # a *different* version of Python the entry points will be wrong. The
+    # correct fix for this is to enhance the metadata to be able to describe
+    # such versioned entry points, but that won't happen till Metadata 2.0 is
+    # available.
+    # In the meantime, projects using versioned entry points will either have
+    # incorrect versioned entry points, or they will not be able to distribute
+    # "universal" wheels (i.e., they will need a wheel per Python version).
+    #
+    # Because setuptools and pip are bundled with _ensurepip and virtualenv,
+    # we need to use universal wheels. So, as a stopgap until Metadata 2.0, we
+    # override the versioned entry points in the wheel and generate the
+    # correct ones. This code is purely a short-term measure until Metadata 2.0
+    # is available.
+    #
+    # To add the level of hack in this section of code, in order to support
+    # ensurepip this code will look for an ``ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS`` environment
+    # variable which will control which version scripts get installed.
+    #
+    # ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS=altinstall
+    #   - Only pipX.Y and easy_install-X.Y will be generated and installed
+    # ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS=install
+    #   - pipX.Y, pipX, easy_install-X.Y will be generated and installed. Note
+    #     that this option is technically if ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS is set and is
+    #     not altinstall
+    # DEFAULT
+    #   - The default behavior is to install pip, pipX, pipX.Y, easy_install
+    #     and easy_install-X.Y.
+    pip_script = console.pop("pip", None)
+    if pip_script:
+        if "ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS" not in os.environ:
+            scripts_to_generate.append("pip = " + pip_script)
+
+        if os.environ.get("ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS", "") != "altinstall":
+            scripts_to_generate.append(f"pip{sys.version_info[0]} = {pip_script}")
+
+        scripts_to_generate.append(f"pip{get_major_minor_version()} = {pip_script}")
+        # Delete any other versioned pip entry points
+        pip_ep = [k for k in console if re.match(r"pip(\d+(\.\d+)?)?$", k)]
+        for k in pip_ep:
+            del console[k]
+    easy_install_script = console.pop("easy_install", None)
+    if easy_install_script:
+        if "ENSUREPIP_OPTIONS" not in os.environ:
+            scripts_to_generate.append("easy_install = " + easy_install_script)
+
+        scripts_to_generate.append(
+            f"easy_install-{get_major_minor_version()} = {easy_install_script}"
+        )
+        # Delete any other versioned easy_install entry points
+        easy_install_ep = [
+            k for k in console if re.match(r"easy_install(-\d+\.\d+)?$", k)
+        ]
+        for k in easy_install_ep:
+            del console[k]
+
+    # Generate the console entry points specified in the wheel
+    scripts_to_generate.extend(starmap("{} = {}".format, console.items()))
+
+    return scripts_to_generate
+
+
+class ZipBackedFile:
+    def __init__(
+        self, src_record_path: RecordPath, dest_path: str, zip_file: ZipFile
+    ) -> None:
+        self.src_record_path = src_record_path
+        self.dest_path = dest_path
+        self._zip_file = zip_file
+        self.changed = False
+
+    def _getinfo(self) -> ZipInfo:
+        return self._zip_file.getinfo(self.src_record_path)
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        # directory creation is lazy and after file filtering
+        # to ensure we don't install empty dirs; empty dirs can't be
+        # uninstalled.
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(self.dest_path)
+        ensure_dir(parent_dir)
+
+        # When we open the output file below, any existing file is truncated
+        # before we start writing the new contents. This is fine in most
+        # cases, but can cause a segfault if pip has loaded a shared
+        # object (e.g. from pyopenssl through its vendored urllib3)
+        # Since the shared object is mmap'd an attempt to call a
+        # symbol in it will then cause a segfault. Unlinking the file
+        # allows writing of new contents while allowing the process to
+        # continue to use the old copy.
+        if os.path.exists(self.dest_path):
+            os.unlink(self.dest_path)
+
+        zipinfo = self._getinfo()
+
+        with self._zip_file.open(zipinfo) as f:
+            with open(self.dest_path, "wb") as dest:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(f, dest)
+
+        if zip_item_is_executable(zipinfo):
+            set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(self.dest_path)
+
+
+class ScriptFile:
+    def __init__(self, file: "File") -> None:
+        self._file = file
+        self.src_record_path = self._file.src_record_path
+        self.dest_path = self._file.dest_path
+        self.changed = False
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        self._file.save()
+        self.changed = fix_script(self.dest_path)
+
+
+class MissingCallableSuffix(InstallationError):
+    def __init__(self, entry_point: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"Invalid script entry point: {entry_point} - A callable "
+            "suffix is required. Cf https://packaging.python.org/"
+            "specifications/entry-points/#use-for-scripts for more "
+            "information."
+        )
+
+
+def _raise_for_invalid_entrypoint(specification: str) -> None:
+    entry = get_export_entry(specification)
+    if entry is not None and entry.suffix is None:
+        raise MissingCallableSuffix(str(entry))
+
+
+class PipScriptMaker(ScriptMaker):
+    def make(
+        self, specification: str, options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        _raise_for_invalid_entrypoint(specification)
+        return super().make(specification, options)
+
+
+def _install_wheel(
+    name: str,
+    wheel_zip: ZipFile,
+    wheel_path: str,
+    scheme: Scheme,
+    pycompile: bool = True,
+    warn_script_location: bool = True,
+    direct_url: Optional[DirectUrl] = None,
+    requested: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Install a wheel.
+
+    :param name: Name of the project to install
+    :param wheel_zip: open ZipFile for wheel being installed
+    :param scheme: Distutils scheme dictating the install directories
+    :param req_description: String used in place of the requirement, for
+        logging
+    :param pycompile: Whether to byte-compile installed Python files
+    :param warn_script_location: Whether to check that scripts are installed
+        into a directory on PATH
+    :raises UnsupportedWheel:
+        * when the directory holds an unpacked wheel with incompatible
+          Wheel-Version
+        * when the .dist-info dir does not match the wheel
+    """
+    info_dir, metadata = parse_wheel(wheel_zip, name)
+
+    if wheel_root_is_purelib(metadata):
+        lib_dir = scheme.purelib
+    else:
+        lib_dir = scheme.platlib
+
+    # Record details of the files moved
+    #   installed = files copied from the wheel to the destination
+    #   changed = files changed while installing (scripts #! line typically)
+    #   generated = files newly generated during the install (script wrappers)
+    installed: Dict[RecordPath, RecordPath] = {}
+    changed: Set[RecordPath] = set()
+    generated: List[str] = []
+
+    def record_installed(
+        srcfile: RecordPath, destfile: str, modified: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Map archive RECORD paths to installation RECORD paths."""
+        newpath = _fs_to_record_path(destfile, lib_dir)
+        installed[srcfile] = newpath
+        if modified:
+            changed.add(newpath)
+
+    def is_dir_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        return path.endswith("/")
+
+    def assert_no_path_traversal(dest_dir_path: str, target_path: str) -> None:
+        if not is_within_directory(dest_dir_path, target_path):
+            message = (
+                "The wheel {!r} has a file {!r} trying to install"
+                " outside the target directory {!r}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(
+                message.format(wheel_path, target_path, dest_dir_path)
+            )
+
+    def root_scheme_file_maker(
+        zip_file: ZipFile, dest: str
+    ) -> Callable[[RecordPath], "File"]:
+        def make_root_scheme_file(record_path: RecordPath) -> "File":
+            normed_path = os.path.normpath(record_path)
+            dest_path = os.path.join(dest, normed_path)
+            assert_no_path_traversal(dest, dest_path)
+            return ZipBackedFile(record_path, dest_path, zip_file)
+
+        return make_root_scheme_file
+
+    def data_scheme_file_maker(
+        zip_file: ZipFile, scheme: Scheme
+    ) -> Callable[[RecordPath], "File"]:
+        scheme_paths = {key: getattr(scheme, key) for key in SCHEME_KEYS}
+
+        def make_data_scheme_file(record_path: RecordPath) -> "File":
+            normed_path = os.path.normpath(record_path)
+            try:
+                _, scheme_key, dest_subpath = normed_path.split(os.path.sep, 2)
+            except ValueError:
+                message = (
+                    "Unexpected file in {}: {!r}. .data directory contents"
+                    " should be named like: '<scheme key>/<path>'."
+                ).format(wheel_path, record_path)
+                raise InstallationError(message)
+
+            try:
+                scheme_path = scheme_paths[scheme_key]
+            except KeyError:
+                valid_scheme_keys = ", ".join(sorted(scheme_paths))
+                message = (
+                    "Unknown scheme key used in {}: {} (for file {!r}). .data"
+                    " directory contents should be in subdirectories named"
+                    " with a valid scheme key ({})"
+                ).format(wheel_path, scheme_key, record_path, valid_scheme_keys)
+                raise InstallationError(message)
+
+            dest_path = os.path.join(scheme_path, dest_subpath)
+            assert_no_path_traversal(scheme_path, dest_path)
+            return ZipBackedFile(record_path, dest_path, zip_file)
+
+        return make_data_scheme_file
+
+    def is_data_scheme_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        return path.split("/", 1)[0].endswith(".data")
+
+    paths = cast(List[RecordPath], wheel_zip.namelist())
+    file_paths = filterfalse(is_dir_path, paths)
+    root_scheme_paths, data_scheme_paths = partition(is_data_scheme_path, file_paths)
+
+    make_root_scheme_file = root_scheme_file_maker(wheel_zip, lib_dir)
+    files: Iterator[File] = map(make_root_scheme_file, root_scheme_paths)
+
+    def is_script_scheme_path(path: RecordPath) -> bool:
+        parts = path.split("/", 2)
+        return len(parts) > 2 and parts[0].endswith(".data") and parts[1] == "scripts"
+
+    other_scheme_paths, script_scheme_paths = partition(
+        is_script_scheme_path, data_scheme_paths
+    )
+
+    make_data_scheme_file = data_scheme_file_maker(wheel_zip, scheme)
+    other_scheme_files = map(make_data_scheme_file, other_scheme_paths)
+    files = chain(files, other_scheme_files)
+
+    # Get the defined entry points
+    distribution = get_wheel_distribution(
+        FilesystemWheel(wheel_path),
+        canonicalize_name(name),
+    )
+    console, gui = get_entrypoints(distribution)
+
+    def is_entrypoint_wrapper(file: "File") -> bool:
+        # EP, EP.exe and EP-script.py are scripts generated for
+        # entry point EP by setuptools
+        path = file.dest_path
+        name = os.path.basename(path)
+        if name.lower().endswith(".exe"):
+            matchname = name[:-4]
+        elif name.lower().endswith("-script.py"):
+            matchname = name[:-10]
+        elif name.lower().endswith(".pya"):
+            matchname = name[:-4]
+        else:
+            matchname = name
+        # Ignore setuptools-generated scripts
+        return matchname in console or matchname in gui
+
+    script_scheme_files: Iterator[File] = map(
+        make_data_scheme_file, script_scheme_paths
+    )
+    script_scheme_files = filterfalse(is_entrypoint_wrapper, script_scheme_files)
+    script_scheme_files = map(ScriptFile, script_scheme_files)
+    files = chain(files, script_scheme_files)
+
+    for file in files:
+        file.save()
+        record_installed(file.src_record_path, file.dest_path, file.changed)
+
+    def pyc_source_file_paths() -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        # We de-duplicate installation paths, since there can be overlap (e.g.
+        # file in .data maps to same location as file in wheel root).
+        # Sorting installation paths makes it easier to reproduce and debug
+        # issues related to permissions on existing files.
+        for installed_path in sorted(set(installed.values())):
+            full_installed_path = os.path.join(lib_dir, installed_path)
+            if not os.path.isfile(full_installed_path):
+                continue
+            if not full_installed_path.endswith(".py"):
+                continue
+            yield full_installed_path
+
+    def pyc_output_path(path: str) -> str:
+        """Return the path the pyc file would have been written to."""
+        return importlib.util.cache_from_source(path)
+
+    # Compile all of the pyc files for the installed files
+    if pycompile:
+        with captured_stdout() as stdout:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
+                for path in pyc_source_file_paths():
+                    success = compileall.compile_file(path, force=True, quiet=True)
+                    if success:
+                        pyc_path = pyc_output_path(path)
+                        assert os.path.exists(pyc_path)
+                        pyc_record_path = cast(
+                            "RecordPath", pyc_path.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+                        )
+                        record_installed(pyc_record_path, pyc_path)
+        logger.debug(stdout.getvalue())
+
+    maker = PipScriptMaker(None, scheme.scripts)
+
+    # Ensure old scripts are overwritten.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1800
+    maker.clobber = True
+
+    # Ensure we don't generate any variants for scripts because this is almost
+    # never what somebody wants.
+    # See https://bitbucket.org/pypa/distlib/issue/35/
+    maker.variants = {""}
+
+    # This is required because otherwise distlib creates scripts that are not
+    # executable.
+    # See https://bitbucket.org/pypa/distlib/issue/32/
+    maker.set_mode = True
+
+    # Generate the console and GUI entry points specified in the wheel
+    scripts_to_generate = get_console_script_specs(console)
+
+    gui_scripts_to_generate = list(starmap("{} = {}".format, gui.items()))
+
+    generated_console_scripts = maker.make_multiple(scripts_to_generate)
+    generated.extend(generated_console_scripts)
+
+    generated.extend(maker.make_multiple(gui_scripts_to_generate, {"gui": True}))
+
+    if warn_script_location:
+        msg = message_about_scripts_not_on_PATH(generated_console_scripts)
+        if msg is not None:
+            logger.warning(msg)
+
+    generated_file_mode = 0o666 & ~current_umask()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _generate_file(path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[BinaryIO, None, None]:
+        with adjacent_tmp_file(path, **kwargs) as f:
+            yield f
+        os.chmod(f.name, generated_file_mode)
+        replace(f.name, path)
+
+    dest_info_dir = os.path.join(lib_dir, info_dir)
+
+    # Record pip as the installer
+    installer_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "INSTALLER")
+    with _generate_file(installer_path) as installer_file:
+        installer_file.write(b"pip\n")
+    generated.append(installer_path)
+
+    # Record the PEP 610 direct URL reference
+    if direct_url is not None:
+        direct_url_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
+        with _generate_file(direct_url_path) as direct_url_file:
+            direct_url_file.write(direct_url.to_json().encode("utf-8"))
+        generated.append(direct_url_path)
+
+    # Record the REQUESTED file
+    if requested:
+        requested_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "REQUESTED")
+        with open(requested_path, "wb"):
+            pass
+        generated.append(requested_path)
+
+    record_text = distribution.read_text("RECORD")
+    record_rows = list(csv.reader(record_text.splitlines()))
+
+    rows = get_csv_rows_for_installed(
+        record_rows,
+        installed=installed,
+        changed=changed,
+        generated=generated,
+        lib_dir=lib_dir,
+    )
+
+    # Record details of all files installed
+    record_path = os.path.join(dest_info_dir, "RECORD")
+
+    with _generate_file(record_path, **csv_io_kwargs("w")) as record_file:
+        # Explicitly cast to typing.IO[str] as a workaround for the mypy error:
+        # "writer" has incompatible type "BinaryIO"; expected "_Writer"
+        writer = csv.writer(cast("IO[str]", record_file))
+        writer.writerows(_normalized_outrows(rows))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def req_error_context(req_description: str) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    try:
+        yield
+    except InstallationError as e:
+        message = f"For req: {req_description}. {e.args[0]}"
+        raise InstallationError(message) from e
+
+
+def install_wheel(
+    name: str,
+    wheel_path: str,
+    scheme: Scheme,
+    req_description: str,
+    pycompile: bool = True,
+    warn_script_location: bool = True,
+    direct_url: Optional[DirectUrl] = None,
+    requested: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    with ZipFile(wheel_path, allowZip64=True) as z:
+        with req_error_context(req_description):
+            _install_wheel(
+                name=name,
+                wheel_zip=z,
+                wheel_path=wheel_path,
+                scheme=scheme,
+                pycompile=pycompile,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                direct_url=direct_url,
+                requested=requested,
+            )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..956717d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py
@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+"""Prepares a distribution for installation
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
+from pip._internal.distributions.installed import InstalledDistribution
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported,
+    HashMismatch,
+    HashUnpinned,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    NetworkConnectionError,
+    VcsHashUnsupported,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_metadata_distribution
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import ArchiveInfo
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.network.download import BatchDownloader, Downloader
+from pip._internal.network.lazy_wheel import (
+    HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported,
+    dist_from_wheel_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import BuildTracker
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils._log import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import (
+    direct_url_for_editable,
+    direct_url_from_link,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes, MissingHashes
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    display_path,
+    hash_file,
+    hide_url,
+    redact_auth_from_requirement,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import unpack_file
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_prepared_distribution(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+    finder: PackageFinder,
+    build_isolation: bool,
+    check_build_deps: bool,
+) -> BaseDistribution:
+    """Prepare a distribution for installation."""
+    abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(req)
+    tracker_id = abstract_dist.build_tracker_id
+    if tracker_id is not None:
+        with build_tracker.track(req, tracker_id):
+            abstract_dist.prepare_distribution_metadata(
+                finder, build_isolation, check_build_deps
+            )
+    return abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
+
+
+def unpack_vcs_link(link: Link, location: str, verbosity: int) -> None:
+    vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
+    assert vcs_backend is not None
+    vcs_backend.unpack(location, url=hide_url(link.url), verbosity=verbosity)
+
+
+class File:
+    def __init__(self, path: str, content_type: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        if content_type is None:
+            self.content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(path)[0]
+        else:
+            self.content_type = content_type
+
+
+def get_http_url(
+    link: Link,
+    download: Downloader,
+    download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+) -> File:
+    temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="unpack", globally_managed=True)
+    # If a download dir is specified, is the file already downloaded there?
+    already_downloaded_path = None
+    if download_dir:
+        already_downloaded_path = _check_download_dir(link, download_dir, hashes)
+
+    if already_downloaded_path:
+        from_path = already_downloaded_path
+        content_type = None
+    else:
+        # let's download to a tmp dir
+        from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
+        if hashes:
+            hashes.check_against_path(from_path)
+
+    return File(from_path, content_type)
+
+
+def get_file_url(
+    link: Link, download_dir: Optional[str] = None, hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None
+) -> File:
+    """Get file and optionally check its hash."""
+    # If a download dir is specified, is the file already there and valid?
+    already_downloaded_path = None
+    if download_dir:
+        already_downloaded_path = _check_download_dir(link, download_dir, hashes)
+
+    if already_downloaded_path:
+        from_path = already_downloaded_path
+    else:
+        from_path = link.file_path
+
+    # If --require-hashes is off, `hashes` is either empty, the
+    # link's embedded hash, or MissingHashes; it is required to
+    # match. If --require-hashes is on, we are satisfied by any
+    # hash in `hashes` matching: a URL-based or an option-based
+    # one; no internet-sourced hash will be in `hashes`.
+    if hashes:
+        hashes.check_against_path(from_path)
+    return File(from_path, None)
+
+
+def unpack_url(
+    link: Link,
+    location: str,
+    download: Downloader,
+    verbosity: int,
+    download_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes] = None,
+) -> Optional[File]:
+    """Unpack link into location, downloading if required.
+
+    :param hashes: A Hashes object, one of whose embedded hashes must match,
+        or HashMismatch will be raised. If the Hashes is empty, no matches are
+        required, and unhashable types of requirements (like VCS ones, which
+        would ordinarily raise HashUnsupported) are allowed.
+    """
+    # non-editable vcs urls
+    if link.is_vcs:
+        unpack_vcs_link(link, location, verbosity=verbosity)
+        return None
+
+    assert not link.is_existing_dir()
+
+    # file urls
+    if link.is_file:
+        file = get_file_url(link, download_dir, hashes=hashes)
+
+    # http urls
+    else:
+        file = get_http_url(
+            link,
+            download,
+            download_dir,
+            hashes=hashes,
+        )
+
+    # unpack the archive to the build dir location. even when only downloading
+    # archives, they have to be unpacked to parse dependencies, except wheels
+    if not link.is_wheel:
+        unpack_file(file.path, location, file.content_type)
+
+    return file
+
+
+def _check_download_dir(
+    link: Link,
+    download_dir: str,
+    hashes: Optional[Hashes],
+    warn_on_hash_mismatch: bool = True,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Check download_dir for previously downloaded file with correct hash
+    If a correct file is found return its path else None
+    """
+    download_path = os.path.join(download_dir, link.filename)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(download_path):
+        return None
+
+    # If already downloaded, does its hash match?
+    logger.info("File was already downloaded %s", download_path)
+    if hashes:
+        try:
+            hashes.check_against_path(download_path)
+        except HashMismatch:
+            if warn_on_hash_mismatch:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Previously-downloaded file %s has bad hash. Re-downloading.",
+                    download_path,
+                )
+            os.unlink(download_path)
+            return None
+    return download_path
+
+
+class RequirementPreparer:
+    """Prepares a Requirement"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        build_dir: str,
+        download_dir: Optional[str],
+        src_dir: str,
+        build_isolation: bool,
+        check_build_deps: bool,
+        build_tracker: BuildTracker,
+        session: PipSession,
+        progress_bar: str,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        require_hashes: bool,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        lazy_wheel: bool,
+        verbosity: int,
+        legacy_resolver: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.src_dir = src_dir
+        self.build_dir = build_dir
+        self.build_tracker = build_tracker
+        self._session = session
+        self._download = Downloader(session, progress_bar)
+        self._batch_download = BatchDownloader(session, progress_bar)
+        self.finder = finder
+
+        # Where still-packed archives should be written to. If None, they are
+        # not saved, and are deleted immediately after unpacking.
+        self.download_dir = download_dir
+
+        # Is build isolation allowed?
+        self.build_isolation = build_isolation
+
+        # Should check build dependencies?
+        self.check_build_deps = check_build_deps
+
+        # Should hash-checking be required?
+        self.require_hashes = require_hashes
+
+        # Should install in user site-packages?
+        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
+
+        # Should wheels be downloaded lazily?
+        self.use_lazy_wheel = lazy_wheel
+
+        # How verbose should underlying tooling be?
+        self.verbosity = verbosity
+
+        # Are we using the legacy resolver?
+        self.legacy_resolver = legacy_resolver
+
+        # Memoized downloaded files, as mapping of url: path.
+        self._downloaded: Dict[str, str] = {}
+
+        # Previous "header" printed for a link-based InstallRequirement
+        self._previous_requirement_header = ("", "")
+
+    def _log_preparing_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """Provide context for the requirement being prepared."""
+        if req.link.is_file and not req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            message = "Processing %s"
+            information = str(display_path(req.link.file_path))
+        else:
+            message = "Collecting %s"
+            information = redact_auth_from_requirement(req.req) if req.req else str(req)
+
+        # If we used req.req, inject requirement source if available (this
+        # would already be included if we used req directly)
+        if req.req and req.comes_from:
+            if isinstance(req.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from: Optional[str] = req.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = req.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                information += f" (from {comes_from})"
+
+        if (message, information) != self._previous_requirement_header:
+            self._previous_requirement_header = (message, information)
+            logger.info(message, information)
+
+        if req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            with indent_log():
+                logger.info("Using cached %s", req.link.filename)
+
+    def _ensure_link_req_src_dir(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure source_dir of a linked InstallRequirement."""
+        # Since source_dir is only set for editable requirements.
+        if req.link.is_wheel:
+            # We don't need to unpack wheels, so no need for a source
+            # directory.
+            return
+        assert req.source_dir is None
+        if req.link.is_existing_dir():
+            # build local directories in-tree
+            req.source_dir = req.link.file_path
+            return
+
+        # We always delete unpacked sdists after pip runs.
+        req.ensure_has_source_dir(
+            self.build_dir,
+            autodelete=True,
+            parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+        )
+        req.ensure_pristine_source_checkout()
+
+    def _get_linked_req_hashes(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Hashes:
+        # By the time this is called, the requirement's link should have
+        # been checked so we can tell what kind of requirements req is
+        # and raise some more informative errors than otherwise.
+        # (For example, we can raise VcsHashUnsupported for a VCS URL
+        # rather than HashMissing.)
+        if not self.require_hashes:
+            return req.hashes(trust_internet=True)
+
+        # We could check these first 2 conditions inside unpack_url
+        # and save repetition of conditions, but then we would
+        # report less-useful error messages for unhashable
+        # requirements, complaining that there's no hash provided.
+        if req.link.is_vcs:
+            raise VcsHashUnsupported()
+        if req.link.is_existing_dir():
+            raise DirectoryUrlHashUnsupported()
+
+        # Unpinned packages are asking for trouble when a new version
+        # is uploaded.  This isn't a security check, but it saves users
+        # a surprising hash mismatch in the future.
+        # file:/// URLs aren't pinnable, so don't complain about them
+        # not being pinned.
+        if not req.is_direct and not req.is_pinned:
+            raise HashUnpinned()
+
+        # If known-good hashes are missing for this requirement,
+        # shim it with a facade object that will provoke hash
+        # computation and then raise a HashMissing exception
+        # showing the user what the hash should be.
+        return req.hashes(trust_internet=False) or MissingHashes()
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_only(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        if self.legacy_resolver:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Metadata-only fetching is not used in the legacy resolver",
+            )
+            return None
+        if self.require_hashes:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Metadata-only fetching is not used as hash checking is required",
+            )
+            return None
+        # Try PEP 658 metadata first, then fall back to lazy wheel if unavailable.
+        return self._fetch_metadata_using_link_data_attr(
+            req
+        ) or self._fetch_metadata_using_lazy_wheel(req.link)
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_using_link_data_attr(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Fetch metadata from the data-dist-info-metadata attribute, if possible."""
+        # (1) Get the link to the metadata file, if provided by the backend.
+        metadata_link = req.link.metadata_link()
+        if metadata_link is None:
+            return None
+        assert req.req is not None
+        logger.verbose(
+            "Obtaining dependency information for %s from %s",
+            req.req,
+            metadata_link,
+        )
+        # (2) Download the contents of the METADATA file, separate from the dist itself.
+        metadata_file = get_http_url(
+            metadata_link,
+            self._download,
+            hashes=metadata_link.as_hashes(),
+        )
+        with open(metadata_file.path, "rb") as f:
+            metadata_contents = f.read()
+        # (3) Generate a dist just from those file contents.
+        metadata_dist = get_metadata_distribution(
+            metadata_contents,
+            req.link.filename,
+            req.req.name,
+        )
+        # (4) Ensure the Name: field from the METADATA file matches the name from the
+        #     install requirement.
+        #
+        #     NB: raw_name will fall back to the name from the install requirement if
+        #     the Name: field is not present, but it's noted in the raw_name docstring
+        #     that that should NEVER happen anyway.
+        if canonicalize_name(metadata_dist.raw_name) != canonicalize_name(req.req.name):
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                req, "Name", req.req.name, metadata_dist.raw_name
+            )
+        return metadata_dist
+
+    def _fetch_metadata_using_lazy_wheel(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+    ) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        """Fetch metadata using lazy wheel, if possible."""
+        # --use-feature=fast-deps must be provided.
+        if not self.use_lazy_wheel:
+            return None
+        if link.is_file or not link.is_wheel:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Lazy wheel is not used as %r does not point to a remote wheel",
+                link,
+            )
+            return None
+
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        name = canonicalize_name(wheel.name)
+        logger.info(
+            "Obtaining dependency information from %s %s",
+            name,
+            wheel.version,
+        )
+        url = link.url.split("#", 1)[0]
+        try:
+            return dist_from_wheel_url(name, url, self._session)
+        except HTTPRangeRequestUnsupported:
+            logger.debug("%s does not support range requests", url)
+            return None
+
+    def _complete_partial_requirements(
+        self,
+        partially_downloaded_reqs: Iterable[InstallRequirement],
+        parallel_builds: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Download any requirements which were only fetched by metadata."""
+        # Download to a temporary directory. These will be copied over as
+        # needed for downstream 'download', 'wheel', and 'install' commands.
+        temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="unpack", globally_managed=True).path
+
+        # Map each link to the requirement that owns it. This allows us to set
+        # `req.local_file_path` on the appropriate requirement after passing
+        # all the links at once into BatchDownloader.
+        links_to_fully_download: Dict[Link, InstallRequirement] = {}
+        for req in partially_downloaded_reqs:
+            assert req.link
+            links_to_fully_download[req.link] = req
+
+        batch_download = self._batch_download(
+            links_to_fully_download.keys(),
+            temp_dir,
+        )
+        for link, (filepath, _) in batch_download:
+            logger.debug("Downloading link %s to %s", link, filepath)
+            req = links_to_fully_download[link]
+            # Record the downloaded file path so wheel reqs can extract a Distribution
+            # in .get_dist().
+            req.local_file_path = filepath
+            # Record that the file is downloaded so we don't do it again in
+            # _prepare_linked_requirement().
+            self._downloaded[req.link.url] = filepath
+
+            # If this is an sdist, we need to unpack it after downloading, but the
+            # .source_dir won't be set up until we are in _prepare_linked_requirement().
+            # Add the downloaded archive to the install requirement to unpack after
+            # preparing the source dir.
+            if not req.is_wheel:
+                req.needs_unpacked_archive(Path(filepath))
+
+        # This step is necessary to ensure all lazy wheels are processed
+        # successfully by the 'download', 'wheel', and 'install' commands.
+        for req in partially_downloaded_reqs:
+            self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+    def prepare_linked_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool = False
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare a requirement to be obtained from req.link."""
+        assert req.link
+        self._log_preparing_link(req)
+        with indent_log():
+            # Check if the relevant file is already available
+            # in the download directory
+            file_path = None
+            if self.download_dir is not None and req.link.is_wheel:
+                hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+                file_path = _check_download_dir(
+                    req.link,
+                    self.download_dir,
+                    hashes,
+                    # When a locally built wheel has been found in cache, we don't warn
+                    # about re-downloading when the already downloaded wheel hash does
+                    # not match. This is because the hash must be checked against the
+                    # original link, not the cached link. It that case the already
+                    # downloaded file will be removed and re-fetched from cache (which
+                    # implies a hash check against the cache entry's origin.json).
+                    warn_on_hash_mismatch=not req.is_wheel_from_cache,
+                )
+
+            if file_path is not None:
+                # The file is already available, so mark it as downloaded
+                self._downloaded[req.link.url] = file_path
+            else:
+                # The file is not available, attempt to fetch only metadata
+                metadata_dist = self._fetch_metadata_only(req)
+                if metadata_dist is not None:
+                    req.needs_more_preparation = True
+                    return metadata_dist
+
+            # None of the optimizations worked, fully prepare the requirement
+            return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+    def prepare_linked_requirements_more(
+        self, reqs: Iterable[InstallRequirement], parallel_builds: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prepare linked requirements more, if needed."""
+        reqs = [req for req in reqs if req.needs_more_preparation]
+        for req in reqs:
+            # Determine if any of these requirements were already downloaded.
+            if self.download_dir is not None and req.link.is_wheel:
+                hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+                file_path = _check_download_dir(req.link, self.download_dir, hashes)
+                if file_path is not None:
+                    self._downloaded[req.link.url] = file_path
+                    req.needs_more_preparation = False
+
+        # Prepare requirements we found were already downloaded for some
+        # reason. The other downloads will be completed separately.
+        partially_downloaded_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in reqs:
+            if req.needs_more_preparation:
+                partially_downloaded_reqs.append(req)
+            else:
+                self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
+
+        # TODO: separate this part out from RequirementPreparer when the v1
+        # resolver can be removed!
+        self._complete_partial_requirements(
+            partially_downloaded_reqs,
+            parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_linked_requirement(
+        self, req: InstallRequirement, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        assert req.link
+        link = req.link
+
+        hashes = self._get_linked_req_hashes(req)
+
+        if hashes and req.is_wheel_from_cache:
+            assert req.download_info is not None
+            assert link.is_wheel
+            assert link.is_file
+            # We need to verify hashes, and we have found the requirement in the cache
+            # of locally built wheels.
+            if (
+                isinstance(req.download_info.info, ArchiveInfo)
+                and req.download_info.info.hashes
+                and hashes.has_one_of(req.download_info.info.hashes)
+            ):
+                # At this point we know the requirement was built from a hashable source
+                # artifact, and we verified that the cache entry's hash of the original
+                # artifact matches one of the hashes we expect. We don't verify hashes
+                # against the cached wheel, because the wheel is not the original.
+                hashes = None
+            else:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "The hashes of the source archive found in cache entry "
+                    "don't match, ignoring cached built wheel "
+                    "and re-downloading source."
+                )
+                req.link = req.cached_wheel_source_link
+                link = req.link
+
+        self._ensure_link_req_src_dir(req, parallel_builds)
+
+        if link.is_existing_dir():
+            local_file = None
+        elif link.url not in self._downloaded:
+            try:
+                local_file = unpack_url(
+                    link,
+                    req.source_dir,
+                    self._download,
+                    self.verbosity,
+                    self.download_dir,
+                    hashes,
+                )
+            except NetworkConnectionError as exc:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"Could not install requirement {req} because of HTTP "
+                    f"error {exc} for URL {link}"
+                )
+        else:
+            file_path = self._downloaded[link.url]
+            if hashes:
+                hashes.check_against_path(file_path)
+            local_file = File(file_path, content_type=None)
+
+        # If download_info is set, we got it from the wheel cache.
+        if req.download_info is None:
+            # Editables don't go through this function (see
+            # prepare_editable_requirement).
+            assert not req.editable
+            req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(link, req.source_dir)
+            # Make sure we have a hash in download_info. If we got it as part of the
+            # URL, it will have been verified and we can rely on it. Otherwise we
+            # compute it from the downloaded file.
+            # FIXME: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11943
+            if (
+                isinstance(req.download_info.info, ArchiveInfo)
+                and not req.download_info.info.hashes
+                and local_file
+            ):
+                hash = hash_file(local_file.path)[0].hexdigest()
+                # We populate info.hash for backward compatibility.
+                # This will automatically populate info.hashes.
+                req.download_info.info.hash = f"sha256={hash}"
+
+        # For use in later processing,
+        # preserve the file path on the requirement.
+        if local_file:
+            req.local_file_path = local_file.path
+
+        dist = _get_prepared_distribution(
+            req,
+            self.build_tracker,
+            self.finder,
+            self.build_isolation,
+            self.check_build_deps,
+        )
+        return dist
+
+    def save_linked_requirement(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert self.download_dir is not None
+        assert req.link is not None
+        link = req.link
+        if link.is_vcs or (link.is_existing_dir() and req.editable):
+            # Make a .zip of the source_dir we already created.
+            req.archive(self.download_dir)
+            return
+
+        if link.is_existing_dir():
+            logger.debug(
+                "Not copying link to destination directory "
+                "since it is a directory: %s",
+                link,
+            )
+            return
+        if req.local_file_path is None:
+            # No distribution was downloaded for this requirement.
+            return
+
+        download_location = os.path.join(self.download_dir, link.filename)
+        if not os.path.exists(download_location):
+            shutil.copy(req.local_file_path, download_location)
+            download_path = display_path(download_location)
+            logger.info("Saved %s", download_path)
+
+    def prepare_editable_requirement(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare an editable requirement."""
+        assert req.editable, "cannot prepare a non-editable req as editable"
+
+        logger.info("Obtaining %s", req)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            if self.require_hashes:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"The editable requirement {req} cannot be installed when "
+                    "requiring hashes, because there is no single file to "
+                    "hash."
+                )
+            req.ensure_has_source_dir(self.src_dir)
+            req.update_editable()
+            assert req.source_dir
+            req.download_info = direct_url_for_editable(req.unpacked_source_directory)
+
+            dist = _get_prepared_distribution(
+                req,
+                self.build_tracker,
+                self.finder,
+                self.build_isolation,
+                self.check_build_deps,
+            )
+
+            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+
+        return dist
+
+    def prepare_installed_requirement(
+        self,
+        req: InstallRequirement,
+        skip_reason: str,
+    ) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Prepare an already-installed requirement."""
+        assert req.satisfied_by, "req should have been satisfied but isn't"
+        assert skip_reason is not None, (
+            "did not get skip reason skipped but req.satisfied_by "
+            f"is set to {req.satisfied_by}"
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            "Requirement %s: %s (%s)", skip_reason, req, req.satisfied_by.version
+        )
+        with indent_log():
+            if self.require_hashes:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Since it is already installed, we are trusting this "
+                    "package without checking its hash. To ensure a "
+                    "completely repeatable environment, install into an "
+                    "empty virtualenv."
+                )
+            return InstalledDistribution(req).get_metadata_distribution()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8de36b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/pyproject.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import importlib.util
+import os
+from collections import namedtuple
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor import tomli
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    InstallationError,
+    InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires,
+    MissingPyProjectBuildRequires,
+)
+
+
+def _is_list_of_str(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(obj, list) and all(isinstance(item, str) for item in obj)
+
+
+def make_pyproject_path(unpacked_source_directory: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(unpacked_source_directory, "pyproject.toml")
+
+
+BuildSystemDetails = namedtuple(
+    "BuildSystemDetails", ["requires", "backend", "check", "backend_path"]
+)
+
+
+def load_pyproject_toml(
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool], pyproject_toml: str, setup_py: str, req_name: str
+) -> Optional[BuildSystemDetails]:
+    """Load the pyproject.toml file.
+
+    Parameters:
+        use_pep517 - Has the user requested PEP 517 processing? None
+                     means the user hasn't explicitly specified.
+        pyproject_toml - Location of the project's pyproject.toml file
+        setup_py - Location of the project's setup.py file
+        req_name - The name of the requirement we're processing (for
+                   error reporting)
+
+    Returns:
+        None if we should use the legacy code path, otherwise a tuple
+        (
+            requirements from pyproject.toml,
+            name of PEP 517 backend,
+            requirements we should check are installed after setting
+                up the build environment
+            directory paths to import the backend from (backend-path),
+                relative to the project root.
+        )
+    """
+    has_pyproject = os.path.isfile(pyproject_toml)
+    has_setup = os.path.isfile(setup_py)
+
+    if not has_pyproject and not has_setup:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"{req_name} does not appear to be a Python project: "
+            f"neither 'setup.py' nor 'pyproject.toml' found."
+        )
+
+    if has_pyproject:
+        with open(pyproject_toml, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            pp_toml = tomli.loads(f.read())
+        build_system = pp_toml.get("build-system")
+    else:
+        build_system = None
+
+    # The following cases must use PEP 517
+    # We check for use_pep517 being non-None and falsey because that means
+    # the user explicitly requested --no-use-pep517.  The value 0 as
+    # opposed to False can occur when the value is provided via an
+    # environment variable or config file option (due to the quirk of
+    # strtobool() returning an integer in pip's configuration code).
+    if has_pyproject and not has_setup:
+        if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
+                "project does not have a setup.py"
+            )
+        use_pep517 = True
+    elif build_system and "build-backend" in build_system:
+        if use_pep517 is not None and not use_pep517:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Disabling PEP 517 processing is invalid: "
+                "project specifies a build backend of {} "
+                "in pyproject.toml".format(build_system["build-backend"])
+            )
+        use_pep517 = True
+
+    # If we haven't worked out whether to use PEP 517 yet,
+    # and the user hasn't explicitly stated a preference,
+    # we do so if the project has a pyproject.toml file
+    # or if we cannot import setuptools or wheels.
+
+    # We fallback to PEP 517 when without setuptools or without the wheel package,
+    # so setuptools can be installed as a default build backend.
+    # For more info see:
+    # https://discuss.python.org/t/pip-without-setuptools-could-the-experience-be-improved/11810/9
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8559
+    elif use_pep517 is None:
+        use_pep517 = (
+            has_pyproject
+            or not importlib.util.find_spec("setuptools")
+            or not importlib.util.find_spec("wheel")
+        )
+
+    # At this point, we know whether we're going to use PEP 517.
+    assert use_pep517 is not None
+
+    # If we're using the legacy code path, there is nothing further
+    # for us to do here.
+    if not use_pep517:
+        return None
+
+    if build_system is None:
+        # Either the user has a pyproject.toml with no build-system
+        # section, or the user has no pyproject.toml, but has opted in
+        # explicitly via --use-pep517.
+        # In the absence of any explicit backend specification, we
+        # assume the setuptools backend that most closely emulates the
+        # traditional direct setup.py execution, and require wheel and
+        # a version of setuptools that supports that backend.
+
+        build_system = {
+            "requires": ["setuptools>=40.8.0"],
+            "build-backend": "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__",
+        }
+
+    # If we're using PEP 517, we have build system information (either
+    # from pyproject.toml, or defaulted by the code above).
+    # Note that at this point, we do not know if the user has actually
+    # specified a backend, though.
+    assert build_system is not None
+
+    # Ensure that the build-system section in pyproject.toml conforms
+    # to PEP 518.
+
+    # Specifying the build-system table but not the requires key is invalid
+    if "requires" not in build_system:
+        raise MissingPyProjectBuildRequires(package=req_name)
+
+    # Error out if requires is not a list of strings
+    requires = build_system["requires"]
+    if not _is_list_of_str(requires):
+        raise InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(
+            package=req_name,
+            reason="It is not a list of strings.",
+        )
+
+    # Each requirement must be valid as per PEP 508
+    for requirement in requires:
+        try:
+            Requirement(requirement)
+        except InvalidRequirement as error:
+            raise InvalidPyProjectBuildRequires(
+                package=req_name,
+                reason=f"It contains an invalid requirement: {requirement!r}",
+            ) from error
+
+    backend = build_system.get("build-backend")
+    backend_path = build_system.get("backend-path", [])
+    check: List[str] = []
+    if backend is None:
+        # If the user didn't specify a backend, we assume they want to use
+        # the setuptools backend. But we can't be sure they have included
+        # a version of setuptools which supplies the backend. So we
+        # make a note to check that this requirement is present once
+        # we have set up the environment.
+        # This is quite a lot of work to check for a very specific case. But
+        # the problem is, that case is potentially quite common - projects that
+        # adopted PEP 518 early for the ability to specify requirements to
+        # execute setup.py, but never considered needing to mention the build
+        # tools themselves. The original PEP 518 code had a similar check (but
+        # implemented in a different way).
+        backend = "setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__"
+        check = ["setuptools>=40.8.0"]
+
+    return BuildSystemDetails(requires, backend, check, backend_path)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16de903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import collections
+import logging
+from typing import Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+
+from .req_file import parse_requirements
+from .req_install import InstallRequirement
+from .req_set import RequirementSet
+
+__all__ = [
+    "RequirementSet",
+    "InstallRequirement",
+    "parse_requirements",
+    "install_given_reqs",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallationResult:
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"InstallationResult(name={self.name!r})"
+
+
+def _validate_requirements(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
+) -> Generator[Tuple[str, InstallRequirement], None, None]:
+    for req in requirements:
+        assert req.name, f"invalid to-be-installed requirement: {req}"
+        yield req.name, req
+
+
+def install_given_reqs(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    root: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    warn_script_location: bool,
+    use_user_site: bool,
+    pycompile: bool,
+) -> List[InstallationResult]:
+    """
+    Install everything in the given list.
+
+    (to be called after having downloaded and unpacked the packages)
+    """
+    to_install = collections.OrderedDict(_validate_requirements(requirements))
+
+    if to_install:
+        logger.info(
+            "Installing collected packages: %s",
+            ", ".join(to_install.keys()),
+        )
+
+    installed = []
+
+    with indent_log():
+        for req_name, requirement in to_install.items():
+            if requirement.should_reinstall:
+                logger.info("Attempting uninstall: %s", req_name)
+                with indent_log():
+                    uninstalled_pathset = requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
+            else:
+                uninstalled_pathset = None
+
+            try:
+                requirement.install(
+                    global_options,
+                    root=root,
+                    home=home,
+                    prefix=prefix,
+                    warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                    use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                    pycompile=pycompile,
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                # if install did not succeed, rollback previous uninstall
+                if uninstalled_pathset and not requirement.install_succeeded:
+                    uninstalled_pathset.rollback()
+                raise
+            else:
+                if uninstalled_pathset and requirement.install_succeeded:
+                    uninstalled_pathset.commit()
+
+            installed.append(InstallationResult(req_name))
+
+    return installed
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e2d0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/constructors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+"""Backing implementation for InstallRequirement's various constructors
+
+The idea here is that these formed a major chunk of InstallRequirement's size
+so, moving them and support code dedicated to them outside of that class
+helps creates for better understandability for the rest of the code.
+
+These are meant to be used elsewhere within pip to create instances of
+InstallRequirement.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from typing import Collection, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import Marker
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import Specifier
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI, TestPyPI
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req.req_file import ParsedRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import is_archive_file
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_installable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import is_url, vcs
+
+__all__ = [
+    "install_req_from_editable",
+    "install_req_from_line",
+    "parse_editable",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+operators = Specifier._operators.keys()
+
+
+def _strip_extras(path: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
+    m = re.match(r"^(.+)(\[[^\]]+\])$", path)
+    extras = None
+    if m:
+        path_no_extras = m.group(1)
+        extras = m.group(2)
+    else:
+        path_no_extras = path
+
+    return path_no_extras, extras
+
+
+def convert_extras(extras: Optional[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    if not extras:
+        return set()
+    return get_requirement("placeholder" + extras.lower()).extras
+
+
+def _set_requirement_extras(req: Requirement, new_extras: Set[str]) -> Requirement:
+    """
+    Returns a new requirement based on the given one, with the supplied extras. If the
+    given requirement already has extras those are replaced (or dropped if no new extras
+    are given).
+    """
+    match: Optional[re.Match[str]] = re.fullmatch(
+        # see https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/#complete-grammar
+        r"([\w\t .-]+)(\[[^\]]*\])?(.*)",
+        str(req),
+        flags=re.ASCII,
+    )
+    # ireq.req is a valid requirement so the regex should always match
+    assert (
+        match is not None
+    ), f"regex match on requirement {req} failed, this should never happen"
+    pre: Optional[str] = match.group(1)
+    post: Optional[str] = match.group(3)
+    assert (
+        pre is not None and post is not None
+    ), f"regex group selection for requirement {req} failed, this should never happen"
+    extras: str = "[%s]" % ",".join(sorted(new_extras)) if new_extras else ""
+    return Requirement(f"{pre}{extras}{post}")
+
+
+def parse_editable(editable_req: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str, Set[str]]:
+    """Parses an editable requirement into:
+        - a requirement name
+        - an URL
+        - extras
+        - editable options
+    Accepted requirements:
+        svn+http://blahblah@rev#egg=Foobar[baz]&subdirectory=version_subdir
+        .[some_extra]
+    """
+
+    url = editable_req
+
+    # If a file path is specified with extras, strip off the extras.
+    url_no_extras, extras = _strip_extras(url)
+
+    if os.path.isdir(url_no_extras):
+        # Treating it as code that has already been checked out
+        url_no_extras = path_to_url(url_no_extras)
+
+    if url_no_extras.lower().startswith("file:"):
+        package_name = Link(url_no_extras).egg_fragment
+        if extras:
+            return (
+                package_name,
+                url_no_extras,
+                get_requirement("placeholder" + extras.lower()).extras,
+            )
+        else:
+            return package_name, url_no_extras, set()
+
+    for version_control in vcs:
+        if url.lower().startswith(f"{version_control}:"):
+            url = f"{version_control}+{url}"
+            break
+
+    link = Link(url)
+
+    if not link.is_vcs:
+        backends = ", ".join(vcs.all_schemes)
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"{editable_req} is not a valid editable requirement. "
+            f"It should either be a path to a local project or a VCS URL "
+            f"(beginning with {backends})."
+        )
+
+    package_name = link.egg_fragment
+    if not package_name:
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "Could not detect requirement name for '{}', please specify one "
+            "with #egg=your_package_name".format(editable_req)
+        )
+    return package_name, url, set()
+
+
+def check_first_requirement_in_file(filename: str) -> None:
+    """Check if file is parsable as a requirements file.
+
+    This is heavily based on ``pkg_resources.parse_requirements``, but
+    simplified to just check the first meaningful line.
+
+    :raises InvalidRequirement: If the first meaningful line cannot be parsed
+        as an requirement.
+    """
+    with open(filename, encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as f:
+        # Create a steppable iterator, so we can handle \-continuations.
+        lines = (
+            line
+            for line in (line.strip() for line in f)
+            if line and not line.startswith("#")  # Skip blank lines/comments.
+        )
+
+        for line in lines:
+            # Drop comments -- a hash without a space may be in a URL.
+            if " #" in line:
+                line = line[: line.find(" #")]
+            # If there is a line continuation, drop it, and append the next line.
+            if line.endswith("\\"):
+                line = line[:-2].strip() + next(lines, "")
+            Requirement(line)
+            return
+
+
+def deduce_helpful_msg(req: str) -> str:
+    """Returns helpful msg in case requirements file does not exist,
+    or cannot be parsed.
+
+    :params req: Requirements file path
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(req):
+        return f" File '{req}' does not exist."
+    msg = " The path does exist. "
+    # Try to parse and check if it is a requirements file.
+    try:
+        check_first_requirement_in_file(req)
+    except InvalidRequirement:
+        logger.debug("Cannot parse '%s' as requirements file", req)
+    else:
+        msg += (
+            f"The argument you provided "
+            f"({req}) appears to be a"
+            f" requirements file. If that is the"
+            f" case, use the '-r' flag to install"
+            f" the packages specified within it."
+        )
+    return msg
+
+
+class RequirementParts:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        requirement: Optional[Requirement],
+        link: Optional[Link],
+        markers: Optional[Marker],
+        extras: Set[str],
+    ):
+        self.requirement = requirement
+        self.link = link
+        self.markers = markers
+        self.extras = extras
+
+
+def parse_req_from_editable(editable_req: str) -> RequirementParts:
+    name, url, extras_override = parse_editable(editable_req)
+
+    if name is not None:
+        try:
+            req: Optional[Requirement] = Requirement(name)
+        except InvalidRequirement:
+            raise InstallationError(f"Invalid requirement: '{name}'")
+    else:
+        req = None
+
+    link = Link(url)
+
+    return RequirementParts(req, link, None, extras_override)
+
+
+# ---- The actual constructors follow ----
+
+
+def install_req_from_editable(
+    editable_req: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[Union[InstallRequirement, str]] = None,
+    *,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    permit_editable_wheels: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    parts = parse_req_from_editable(editable_req)
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        parts.requirement,
+        comes_from=comes_from,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+        editable=True,
+        permit_editable_wheels=permit_editable_wheels,
+        link=parts.link,
+        constraint=constraint,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        hash_options=hash_options,
+        config_settings=config_settings,
+        extras=parts.extras,
+    )
+
+
+def _looks_like_path(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks whether the string "looks like" a path on the filesystem.
+
+    This does not check whether the target actually exists, only judge from the
+    appearance.
+
+    Returns true if any of the following conditions is true:
+    * a path separator is found (either os.path.sep or os.path.altsep);
+    * a dot is found (which represents the current directory).
+    """
+    if os.path.sep in name:
+        return True
+    if os.path.altsep is not None and os.path.altsep in name:
+        return True
+    if name.startswith("."):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _get_url_from_path(path: str, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    First, it checks whether a provided path is an installable directory. If it
+    is, returns the path.
+
+    If false, check if the path is an archive file (such as a .whl).
+    The function checks if the path is a file. If false, if the path has
+    an @, it will treat it as a PEP 440 URL requirement and return the path.
+    """
+    if _looks_like_path(name) and os.path.isdir(path):
+        if is_installable_dir(path):
+            return path_to_url(path)
+        # TODO: The is_installable_dir test here might not be necessary
+        #       now that it is done in load_pyproject_toml too.
+        raise InstallationError(
+            f"Directory {name!r} is not installable. Neither 'setup.py' "
+            "nor 'pyproject.toml' found."
+        )
+    if not is_archive_file(path):
+        return None
+    if os.path.isfile(path):
+        return path_to_url(path)
+    urlreq_parts = name.split("@", 1)
+    if len(urlreq_parts) >= 2 and not _looks_like_path(urlreq_parts[0]):
+        # If the path contains '@' and the part before it does not look
+        # like a path, try to treat it as a PEP 440 URL req instead.
+        return None
+    logger.warning(
+        "Requirement %r looks like a filename, but the file does not exist",
+        name,
+    )
+    return path_to_url(path)
+
+
+def parse_req_from_line(name: str, line_source: Optional[str]) -> RequirementParts:
+    if is_url(name):
+        marker_sep = "; "
+    else:
+        marker_sep = ";"
+    if marker_sep in name:
+        name, markers_as_string = name.split(marker_sep, 1)
+        markers_as_string = markers_as_string.strip()
+        if not markers_as_string:
+            markers = None
+        else:
+            markers = Marker(markers_as_string)
+    else:
+        markers = None
+    name = name.strip()
+    req_as_string = None
+    path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(name))
+    link = None
+    extras_as_string = None
+
+    if is_url(name):
+        link = Link(name)
+    else:
+        p, extras_as_string = _strip_extras(path)
+        url = _get_url_from_path(p, name)
+        if url is not None:
+            link = Link(url)
+
+    # it's a local file, dir, or url
+    if link:
+        # Handle relative file URLs
+        if link.scheme == "file" and re.search(r"\.\./", link.url):
+            link = Link(path_to_url(os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(link.path))))
+        # wheel file
+        if link.is_wheel:
+            wheel = Wheel(link.filename)  # can raise InvalidWheelFilename
+            req_as_string = f"{wheel.name}=={wheel.version}"
+        else:
+            # set the req to the egg fragment.  when it's not there, this
+            # will become an 'unnamed' requirement
+            req_as_string = link.egg_fragment
+
+    # a requirement specifier
+    else:
+        req_as_string = name
+
+    extras = convert_extras(extras_as_string)
+
+    def with_source(text: str) -> str:
+        if not line_source:
+            return text
+        return f"{text} (from {line_source})"
+
+    def _parse_req_string(req_as_string: str) -> Requirement:
+        try:
+            req = get_requirement(req_as_string)
+        except InvalidRequirement:
+            if os.path.sep in req_as_string:
+                add_msg = "It looks like a path."
+                add_msg += deduce_helpful_msg(req_as_string)
+            elif "=" in req_as_string and not any(
+                op in req_as_string for op in operators
+            ):
+                add_msg = "= is not a valid operator. Did you mean == ?"
+            else:
+                add_msg = ""
+            msg = with_source(f"Invalid requirement: {req_as_string!r}")
+            if add_msg:
+                msg += f"\nHint: {add_msg}"
+            raise InstallationError(msg)
+        else:
+            # Deprecate extras after specifiers: "name>=1.0[extras]"
+            # This currently works by accident because _strip_extras() parses
+            # any extras in the end of the string and those are saved in
+            # RequirementParts
+            for spec in req.specifier:
+                spec_str = str(spec)
+                if spec_str.endswith("]"):
+                    msg = f"Extras after version '{spec_str}'."
+                    raise InstallationError(msg)
+        return req
+
+    if req_as_string is not None:
+        req: Optional[Requirement] = _parse_req_string(req_as_string)
+    else:
+        req = None
+
+    return RequirementParts(req, link, markers, extras)
+
+
+def install_req_from_line(
+    name: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[Union[str, InstallRequirement]] = None,
+    *,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+    line_source: Optional[str] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """Creates an InstallRequirement from a name, which might be a
+    requirement, directory containing 'setup.py', filename, or URL.
+
+    :param line_source: An optional string describing where the line is from,
+        for logging purposes in case of an error.
+    """
+    parts = parse_req_from_line(name, line_source)
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        parts.requirement,
+        comes_from,
+        link=parts.link,
+        markers=parts.markers,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        hash_options=hash_options,
+        config_settings=config_settings,
+        constraint=constraint,
+        extras=parts.extras,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_from_req_string(
+    req_string: str,
+    comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    try:
+        req = get_requirement(req_string)
+    except InvalidRequirement:
+        raise InstallationError(f"Invalid requirement: '{req_string}'")
+
+    domains_not_allowed = [
+        PyPI.file_storage_domain,
+        TestPyPI.file_storage_domain,
+    ]
+    if (
+        req.url
+        and comes_from
+        and comes_from.link
+        and comes_from.link.netloc in domains_not_allowed
+    ):
+        # Explicitly disallow pypi packages that depend on external urls
+        raise InstallationError(
+            "Packages installed from PyPI cannot depend on packages "
+            "which are not also hosted on PyPI.\n"
+            f"{comes_from.name} depends on {req} "
+        )
+
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req,
+        comes_from,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        use_pep517=use_pep517,
+        user_supplied=user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_from_parsed_requirement(
+    parsed_req: ParsedRequirement,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+    user_supplied: bool = False,
+    config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    if parsed_req.is_editable:
+        req = install_req_from_editable(
+            parsed_req.requirement,
+            comes_from=parsed_req.comes_from,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+            constraint=parsed_req.constraint,
+            isolated=isolated,
+            user_supplied=user_supplied,
+            config_settings=config_settings,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        req = install_req_from_line(
+            parsed_req.requirement,
+            comes_from=parsed_req.comes_from,
+            use_pep517=use_pep517,
+            isolated=isolated,
+            global_options=(
+                parsed_req.options.get("global_options", [])
+                if parsed_req.options
+                else []
+            ),
+            hash_options=(
+                parsed_req.options.get("hashes", {}) if parsed_req.options else {}
+            ),
+            constraint=parsed_req.constraint,
+            line_source=parsed_req.line_source,
+            user_supplied=user_supplied,
+            config_settings=config_settings,
+        )
+    return req
+
+
+def install_req_from_link_and_ireq(
+    link: Link, ireq: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req=ireq.req,
+        comes_from=ireq.comes_from,
+        editable=ireq.editable,
+        link=link,
+        markers=ireq.markers,
+        use_pep517=ireq.use_pep517,
+        isolated=ireq.isolated,
+        global_options=ireq.global_options,
+        hash_options=ireq.hash_options,
+        config_settings=ireq.config_settings,
+        user_supplied=ireq.user_supplied,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_drop_extras(ireq: InstallRequirement) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Creates a new InstallationRequirement using the given template but without
+    any extras. Sets the original requirement as the new one's parent
+    (comes_from).
+    """
+    return InstallRequirement(
+        req=(
+            _set_requirement_extras(ireq.req, set()) if ireq.req is not None else None
+        ),
+        comes_from=ireq,
+        editable=ireq.editable,
+        link=ireq.link,
+        markers=ireq.markers,
+        use_pep517=ireq.use_pep517,
+        isolated=ireq.isolated,
+        global_options=ireq.global_options,
+        hash_options=ireq.hash_options,
+        constraint=ireq.constraint,
+        extras=[],
+        config_settings=ireq.config_settings,
+        user_supplied=ireq.user_supplied,
+        permit_editable_wheels=ireq.permit_editable_wheels,
+    )
+
+
+def install_req_extend_extras(
+    ireq: InstallRequirement,
+    extras: Collection[str],
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Returns a copy of an installation requirement with some additional extras.
+    Makes a shallow copy of the ireq object.
+    """
+    result = copy.copy(ireq)
+    result.extras = {*ireq.extras, *extras}
+    result.req = (
+        _set_requirement_extras(ireq.req, result.extras)
+        if ireq.req is not None
+        else None
+    )
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef3d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+"""
+Requirements file parsing
+"""
+
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import urllib.parse
+from optparse import Values
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, RequirementsFileParseError
+from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status
+from pip._internal.utils.encoding import auto_decode
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import get_url_scheme
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # NoReturn introduced in 3.6.2; imported only for type checking to maintain
+    # pip compatibility with older patch versions of Python 3.6
+    from typing import NoReturn
+
+    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+
+__all__ = ["parse_requirements"]
+
+ReqFileLines = Iterable[Tuple[int, str]]
+
+LineParser = Callable[[str], Tuple[str, Values]]
+
+SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(http|https|file):", re.I)
+COMMENT_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s+)#.*$")
+
+# Matches environment variable-style values in '${MY_VARIABLE_1}' with the
+# variable name consisting of only uppercase letters, digits or the '_'
+# (underscore). This follows the POSIX standard defined in IEEE Std 1003.1,
+# 2013 Edition.
+ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<var>\$\{(?P<name>[A-Z0-9_]+)\})")
+
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.index_url,
+    cmdoptions.extra_index_url,
+    cmdoptions.no_index,
+    cmdoptions.constraints,
+    cmdoptions.requirements,
+    cmdoptions.editable,
+    cmdoptions.find_links,
+    cmdoptions.no_binary,
+    cmdoptions.only_binary,
+    cmdoptions.prefer_binary,
+    cmdoptions.require_hashes,
+    cmdoptions.pre,
+    cmdoptions.trusted_host,
+    cmdoptions.use_new_feature,
+]
+
+# options to be passed to requirements
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.global_options,
+    cmdoptions.hash,
+    cmdoptions.config_settings,
+]
+
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
+    cmdoptions.config_settings,
+]
+
+
+# the 'dest' string values
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST = [str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ]
+SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST = [
+    str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class ParsedRequirement:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        requirement: str,
+        is_editable: bool,
+        comes_from: str,
+        constraint: bool,
+        options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        line_source: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.requirement = requirement
+        self.is_editable = is_editable
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.options = options
+        self.constraint = constraint
+        self.line_source = line_source
+
+
+class ParsedLine:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        filename: str,
+        lineno: int,
+        args: str,
+        opts: Values,
+        constraint: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.opts = opts
+        self.constraint = constraint
+
+        if args:
+            self.is_requirement = True
+            self.is_editable = False
+            self.requirement = args
+        elif opts.editables:
+            self.is_requirement = True
+            self.is_editable = True
+            # We don't support multiple -e on one line
+            self.requirement = opts.editables[0]
+        else:
+            self.is_requirement = False
+
+
+def parse_requirements(
+    filename: str,
+    session: PipSession,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    constraint: bool = False,
+) -> Generator[ParsedRequirement, None, None]:
+    """Parse a requirements file and yield ParsedRequirement instances.
+
+    :param filename:    Path or url of requirements file.
+    :param session:     PipSession instance.
+    :param finder:      Instance of pip.index.PackageFinder.
+    :param options:     cli options.
+    :param constraint:  If true, parsing a constraint file rather than
+        requirements file.
+    """
+    line_parser = get_line_parser(finder)
+    parser = RequirementsFileParser(session, line_parser)
+
+    for parsed_line in parser.parse(filename, constraint):
+        parsed_req = handle_line(
+            parsed_line, options=options, finder=finder, session=session
+        )
+        if parsed_req is not None:
+            yield parsed_req
+
+
+def preprocess(content: str) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Split, filter, and join lines, and return a line iterator
+
+    :param content: the content of the requirements file
+    """
+    lines_enum: ReqFileLines = enumerate(content.splitlines(), start=1)
+    lines_enum = join_lines(lines_enum)
+    lines_enum = ignore_comments(lines_enum)
+    lines_enum = expand_env_variables(lines_enum)
+    return lines_enum
+
+
+def handle_requirement_line(
+    line: ParsedLine,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+) -> ParsedRequirement:
+    # preserve for the nested code path
+    line_comes_from = "{} {} (line {})".format(
+        "-c" if line.constraint else "-r",
+        line.filename,
+        line.lineno,
+    )
+
+    assert line.is_requirement
+
+    # get the options that apply to requirements
+    if line.is_editable:
+        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST
+    else:
+        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST
+    req_options = {}
+    for dest in supported_dest:
+        if dest in line.opts.__dict__ and line.opts.__dict__[dest]:
+            req_options[dest] = line.opts.__dict__[dest]
+
+    line_source = f"line {line.lineno} of {line.filename}"
+    return ParsedRequirement(
+        requirement=line.requirement,
+        is_editable=line.is_editable,
+        comes_from=line_comes_from,
+        constraint=line.constraint,
+        options=req_options,
+        line_source=line_source,
+    )
+
+
+def handle_option_line(
+    opts: Values,
+    filename: str,
+    lineno: int,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    session: Optional[PipSession] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if opts.hashes:
+        logger.warning(
+            "%s line %s has --hash but no requirement, and will be ignored.",
+            filename,
+            lineno,
+        )
+
+    if options:
+        # percolate options upward
+        if opts.require_hashes:
+            options.require_hashes = opts.require_hashes
+        if opts.features_enabled:
+            options.features_enabled.extend(
+                f for f in opts.features_enabled if f not in options.features_enabled
+            )
+
+    # set finder options
+    if finder:
+        find_links = finder.find_links
+        index_urls = finder.index_urls
+        no_index = finder.search_scope.no_index
+        if opts.no_index is True:
+            no_index = True
+            index_urls = []
+        if opts.index_url and not no_index:
+            index_urls = [opts.index_url]
+        if opts.extra_index_urls and not no_index:
+            index_urls.extend(opts.extra_index_urls)
+        if opts.find_links:
+            # FIXME: it would be nice to keep track of the source
+            # of the find_links: support a find-links local path
+            # relative to a requirements file.
+            value = opts.find_links[0]
+            req_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
+            relative_to_reqs_file = os.path.join(req_dir, value)
+            if os.path.exists(relative_to_reqs_file):
+                value = relative_to_reqs_file
+            find_links.append(value)
+
+        if session:
+            # We need to update the auth urls in session
+            session.update_index_urls(index_urls)
+
+        search_scope = SearchScope(
+            find_links=find_links,
+            index_urls=index_urls,
+            no_index=no_index,
+        )
+        finder.search_scope = search_scope
+
+        if opts.pre:
+            finder.set_allow_all_prereleases()
+
+        if opts.prefer_binary:
+            finder.set_prefer_binary()
+
+        if session:
+            for host in opts.trusted_hosts or []:
+                source = f"line {lineno} of {filename}"
+                session.add_trusted_host(host, source=source)
+
+
+def handle_line(
+    line: ParsedLine,
+    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
+    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
+    session: Optional[PipSession] = None,
+) -> Optional[ParsedRequirement]:
+    """Handle a single parsed requirements line; This can result in
+    creating/yielding requirements, or updating the finder.
+
+    :param line:        The parsed line to be processed.
+    :param options:     CLI options.
+    :param finder:      The finder - updated by non-requirement lines.
+    :param session:     The session - updated by non-requirement lines.
+
+    Returns a ParsedRequirement object if the line is a requirement line,
+    otherwise returns None.
+
+    For lines that contain requirements, the only options that have an effect
+    are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ, and they are scoped to the
+    requirement. Other options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS may be present, but are
+    ignored.
+
+    For lines that do not contain requirements, the only options that have an
+    effect are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. Options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ may
+    be present, but are ignored. These lines may contain multiple options
+    (although our docs imply only one is supported), and all our parsed and
+    affect the finder.
+    """
+
+    if line.is_requirement:
+        parsed_req = handle_requirement_line(line, options)
+        return parsed_req
+    else:
+        handle_option_line(
+            line.opts,
+            line.filename,
+            line.lineno,
+            finder,
+            options,
+            session,
+        )
+        return None
+
+
+class RequirementsFileParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        session: PipSession,
+        line_parser: LineParser,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._session = session
+        self._line_parser = line_parser
+
+    def parse(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        """Parse a given file, yielding parsed lines."""
+        yield from self._parse_and_recurse(filename, constraint)
+
+    def _parse_and_recurse(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        for line in self._parse_file(filename, constraint):
+            if not line.is_requirement and (
+                line.opts.requirements or line.opts.constraints
+            ):
+                # parse a nested requirements file
+                if line.opts.requirements:
+                    req_path = line.opts.requirements[0]
+                    nested_constraint = False
+                else:
+                    req_path = line.opts.constraints[0]
+                    nested_constraint = True
+
+                # original file is over http
+                if SCHEME_RE.search(filename):
+                    # do a url join so relative paths work
+                    req_path = urllib.parse.urljoin(filename, req_path)
+                # original file and nested file are paths
+                elif not SCHEME_RE.search(req_path):
+                    # do a join so relative paths work
+                    req_path = os.path.join(
+                        os.path.dirname(filename),
+                        req_path,
+                    )
+
+                yield from self._parse_and_recurse(req_path, nested_constraint)
+            else:
+                yield line
+
+    def _parse_file(
+        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
+    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
+        _, content = get_file_content(filename, self._session)
+
+        lines_enum = preprocess(content)
+
+        for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+            try:
+                args_str, opts = self._line_parser(line)
+            except OptionParsingError as e:
+                # add offending line
+                msg = f"Invalid requirement: {line}\n{e.msg}"
+                raise RequirementsFileParseError(msg)
+
+            yield ParsedLine(
+                filename,
+                line_number,
+                args_str,
+                opts,
+                constraint,
+            )
+
+
+def get_line_parser(finder: Optional["PackageFinder"]) -> LineParser:
+    def parse_line(line: str) -> Tuple[str, Values]:
+        # Build new parser for each line since it accumulates appendable
+        # options.
+        parser = build_parser()
+        defaults = parser.get_default_values()
+        defaults.index_url = None
+        if finder:
+            defaults.format_control = finder.format_control
+
+        args_str, options_str = break_args_options(line)
+
+        try:
+            options = shlex.split(options_str)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise OptionParsingError(f"Could not split options: {options_str}") from e
+
+        opts, _ = parser.parse_args(options, defaults)
+
+        return args_str, opts
+
+    return parse_line
+
+
+def break_args_options(line: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Break up the line into an args and options string.  We only want to shlex
+    (and then optparse) the options, not the args.  args can contain markers
+    which are corrupted by shlex.
+    """
+    tokens = line.split(" ")
+    args = []
+    options = tokens[:]
+    for token in tokens:
+        if token.startswith("-") or token.startswith("--"):
+            break
+        else:
+            args.append(token)
+            options.pop(0)
+    return " ".join(args), " ".join(options)
+
+
+class OptionParsingError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.msg = msg
+
+
+def build_parser() -> optparse.OptionParser:
+    """
+    Return a parser for parsing requirement lines
+    """
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(add_help_option=False)
+
+    option_factories = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS + SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ
+    for option_factory in option_factories:
+        option = option_factory()
+        parser.add_option(option)
+
+    # By default optparse sys.exits on parsing errors. We want to wrap
+    # that in our own exception.
+    def parser_exit(self: Any, msg: str) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise OptionParsingError(msg)
+
+    # NOTE: mypy disallows assigning to a method
+    #       https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+    parser.exit = parser_exit  # type: ignore
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def join_lines(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Joins a line ending in '\' with the previous line (except when following
+    comments).  The joined line takes on the index of the first line.
+    """
+    primary_line_number = None
+    new_line: List[str] = []
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        if not line.endswith("\\") or COMMENT_RE.match(line):
+            if COMMENT_RE.match(line):
+                # this ensures comments are always matched later
+                line = " " + line
+            if new_line:
+                new_line.append(line)
+                assert primary_line_number is not None
+                yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
+                new_line = []
+            else:
+                yield line_number, line
+        else:
+            if not new_line:
+                primary_line_number = line_number
+            new_line.append(line.strip("\\"))
+
+    # last line contains \
+    if new_line:
+        assert primary_line_number is not None
+        yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
+
+    # TODO: handle space after '\'.
+
+
+def ignore_comments(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """
+    Strips comments and filter empty lines.
+    """
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        line = COMMENT_RE.sub("", line)
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line:
+            yield line_number, line
+
+
+def expand_env_variables(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
+    """Replace all environment variables that can be retrieved via `os.getenv`.
+
+    The only allowed format for environment variables defined in the
+    requirement file is `${MY_VARIABLE_1}` to ensure two things:
+
+    1. Strings that contain a `$` aren't accidentally (partially) expanded.
+    2. Ensure consistency across platforms for requirement files.
+
+    These points are the result of a discussion on the `github pull
+    request #3514 <https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/3514>`_.
+
+    Valid characters in variable names follow the `POSIX standard
+    <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/>`_ and are limited
+    to uppercase letter, digits and the `_` (underscore).
+    """
+    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
+        for env_var, var_name in ENV_VAR_RE.findall(line):
+            value = os.getenv(var_name)
+            if not value:
+                continue
+
+            line = line.replace(env_var, value)
+
+        yield line_number, line
+
+
+def get_file_content(url: str, session: PipSession) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Gets the content of a file; it may be a filename, file: URL, or
+    http: URL.  Returns (location, content).  Content is unicode.
+    Respects # -*- coding: declarations on the retrieved files.
+
+    :param url:         File path or url.
+    :param session:     PipSession instance.
+    """
+    scheme = get_url_scheme(url)
+
+    # Pip has special support for file:// URLs (LocalFSAdapter).
+    if scheme in ["http", "https", "file"]:
+        resp = session.get(url)
+        raise_for_status(resp)
+        return resp.url, resp.text
+
+    # Assume this is a bare path.
+    try:
+        with open(url, "rb") as f:
+            content = auto_decode(f.read())
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise InstallationError(f"Could not open requirements file: {exc}")
+    return url, content
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a65611c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import uuid
+import zipfile
+from optparse import Values
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Collection, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.markers import Marker
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+
+from pip._internal.build_env import BuildEnvironment, NoOpBuildEnvironment
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, PreviousBuildDirError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import (
+    BaseDistribution,
+    get_default_environment,
+    get_directory_distribution,
+    get_wheel_distribution,
+)
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import FilesystemWheel
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import DirectUrl
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata import generate_metadata
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata_editable import generate_editable_metadata
+from pip._internal.operations.build.metadata_legacy import (
+    generate_metadata as generate_metadata_legacy,
+)
+from pip._internal.operations.install.editable_legacy import (
+    install_editable as install_editable_legacy,
+)
+from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
+from pip._internal.pyproject import load_pyproject_toml, make_pyproject_path
+from pip._internal.req.req_uninstall import UninstallPathSet
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller,
+    ask_path_exists,
+    backup_dir,
+    display_path,
+    hide_url,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    redact_auth_from_requirement,
+    redact_auth_from_url,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import safe_extra
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import runner_with_spinner_message
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory, tempdir_kinds
+from pip._internal.utils.unpacking import unpack_file
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class InstallRequirement:
+    """
+    Represents something that may be installed later on, may have information
+    about where to fetch the relevant requirement and also contains logic for
+    installing the said requirement.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        req: Optional[Requirement],
+        comes_from: Optional[Union[str, "InstallRequirement"]],
+        editable: bool = False,
+        link: Optional[Link] = None,
+        markers: Optional[Marker] = None,
+        use_pep517: Optional[bool] = None,
+        isolated: bool = False,
+        *,
+        global_options: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        hash_options: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        constraint: bool = False,
+        extras: Collection[str] = (),
+        user_supplied: bool = False,
+        permit_editable_wheels: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert req is None or isinstance(req, Requirement), req
+        self.req = req
+        self.comes_from = comes_from
+        self.constraint = constraint
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.permit_editable_wheels = permit_editable_wheels
+
+        # source_dir is the local directory where the linked requirement is
+        # located, or unpacked. In case unpacking is needed, creating and
+        # populating source_dir is done by the RequirementPreparer. Note this
+        # is not necessarily the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is
+        # located - that one is obtained via unpacked_source_directory.
+        self.source_dir: Optional[str] = None
+        if self.editable:
+            assert link
+            if link.is_file:
+                self.source_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(link.file_path))
+
+        # original_link is the direct URL that was provided by the user for the
+        # requirement, either directly or via a constraints file.
+        if link is None and req and req.url:
+            # PEP 508 URL requirement
+            link = Link(req.url)
+        self.link = self.original_link = link
+
+        # When this InstallRequirement is a wheel obtained from the cache of locally
+        # built wheels, this is the source link corresponding to the cache entry, which
+        # was used to download and build the cached wheel.
+        self.cached_wheel_source_link: Optional[Link] = None
+
+        # Information about the location of the artifact that was downloaded . This
+        # property is guaranteed to be set in resolver results.
+        self.download_info: Optional[DirectUrl] = None
+
+        # Path to any downloaded or already-existing package.
+        self.local_file_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if self.link and self.link.is_file:
+            self.local_file_path = self.link.file_path
+
+        if extras:
+            self.extras = extras
+        elif req:
+            self.extras = req.extras
+        else:
+            self.extras = set()
+        if markers is None and req:
+            markers = req.marker
+        self.markers = markers
+
+        # This holds the Distribution object if this requirement is already installed.
+        self.satisfied_by: Optional[BaseDistribution] = None
+        # Whether the installation process should try to uninstall an existing
+        # distribution before installing this requirement.
+        self.should_reinstall = False
+        # Temporary build location
+        self._temp_build_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        # Set to True after successful installation
+        self.install_succeeded: Optional[bool] = None
+        # Supplied options
+        self.global_options = global_options if global_options else []
+        self.hash_options = hash_options if hash_options else {}
+        self.config_settings = config_settings
+        # Set to True after successful preparation of this requirement
+        self.prepared = False
+        # User supplied requirement are explicitly requested for installation
+        # by the user via CLI arguments or requirements files, as opposed to,
+        # e.g. dependencies, extras or constraints.
+        self.user_supplied = user_supplied
+
+        self.isolated = isolated
+        self.build_env: BuildEnvironment = NoOpBuildEnvironment()
+
+        # For PEP 517, the directory where we request the project metadata
+        # gets stored. We need this to pass to build_wheel, so the backend
+        # can ensure that the wheel matches the metadata (see the PEP for
+        # details).
+        self.metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None
+
+        # The static build requirements (from pyproject.toml)
+        self.pyproject_requires: Optional[List[str]] = None
+
+        # Build requirements that we will check are available
+        self.requirements_to_check: List[str] = []
+
+        # The PEP 517 backend we should use to build the project
+        self.pep517_backend: Optional[BuildBackendHookCaller] = None
+
+        # Are we using PEP 517 for this requirement?
+        # After pyproject.toml has been loaded, the only valid values are True
+        # and False. Before loading, None is valid (meaning "use the default").
+        # Setting an explicit value before loading pyproject.toml is supported,
+        # but after loading this flag should be treated as read only.
+        self.use_pep517 = use_pep517
+
+        # If config settings are provided, enforce PEP 517.
+        if self.config_settings:
+            if self.use_pep517 is False:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--no-use-pep517 ignored for %s "
+                    "because --config-settings are specified.",
+                    self,
+                )
+            self.use_pep517 = True
+
+        # This requirement needs more preparation before it can be built
+        self.needs_more_preparation = False
+
+        # This requirement needs to be unpacked before it can be installed.
+        self._archive_source: Optional[Path] = None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.req:
+            s = redact_auth_from_requirement(self.req)
+            if self.link:
+                s += f" from {redact_auth_from_url(self.link.url)}"
+        elif self.link:
+            s = redact_auth_from_url(self.link.url)
+        else:
+            s = "<InstallRequirement>"
+        if self.satisfied_by is not None:
+            if self.satisfied_by.location is not None:
+                location = display_path(self.satisfied_by.location)
+            else:
+                location = "<memory>"
+            s += f" in {location}"
+        if self.comes_from:
+            if isinstance(self.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from: Optional[str] = self.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = self.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                s += f" (from {comes_from})"
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<{} object: {} editable={!r}>".format(
+            self.__class__.__name__, str(self), self.editable
+        )
+
+    def format_debug(self) -> str:
+        """An un-tested helper for getting state, for debugging."""
+        attributes = vars(self)
+        names = sorted(attributes)
+
+        state = (f"{attr}={attributes[attr]!r}" for attr in sorted(names))
+        return "<{name} object: {{{state}}}>".format(
+            name=self.__class__.__name__,
+            state=", ".join(state),
+        )
+
+    # Things that are valid for all kinds of requirements?
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.req is None:
+            return None
+        return self.req.name
+
+    @functools.lru_cache()  # use cached_property in python 3.8+
+    def supports_pyproject_editable(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.use_pep517:
+            return False
+        assert self.pep517_backend
+        with self.build_env:
+            runner = runner_with_spinner_message(
+                "Checking if build backend supports build_editable"
+            )
+            with self.pep517_backend.subprocess_runner(runner):
+                return "build_editable" in self.pep517_backend._supported_features()
+
+    @property
+    def specifier(self) -> SpecifierSet:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        return self.req.specifier
+
+    @property
+    def is_direct(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this requirement was specified as a direct URL."""
+        return self.original_link is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_pinned(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether I am pinned to an exact version.
+
+        For example, some-package==1.2 is pinned; some-package>1.2 is not.
+        """
+        assert self.req is not None
+        specifiers = self.req.specifier
+        return len(specifiers) == 1 and next(iter(specifiers)).operator in {"==", "==="}
+
+    def match_markers(self, extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None) -> bool:
+        if not extras_requested:
+            # Provide an extra to safely evaluate the markers
+            # without matching any extra
+            extras_requested = ("",)
+        if self.markers is not None:
+            return any(
+                self.markers.evaluate({"extra": extra})
+                # TODO: Remove these two variants when packaging is upgraded to
+                # support the marker comparison logic specified in PEP 685.
+                or self.markers.evaluate({"extra": safe_extra(extra)})
+                or self.markers.evaluate({"extra": canonicalize_name(extra)})
+                for extra in extras_requested
+            )
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @property
+    def has_hash_options(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether any known-good hashes are specified as options.
+
+        These activate --require-hashes mode; hashes specified as part of a
+        URL do not.
+
+        """
+        return bool(self.hash_options)
+
+    def hashes(self, trust_internet: bool = True) -> Hashes:
+        """Return a hash-comparer that considers my option- and URL-based
+        hashes to be known-good.
+
+        Hashes in URLs--ones embedded in the requirements file, not ones
+        downloaded from an index server--are almost peers with ones from
+        flags. They satisfy --require-hashes (whether it was implicitly or
+        explicitly activated) but do not activate it. md5 and sha224 are not
+        allowed in flags, which should nudge people toward good algos. We
+        always OR all hashes together, even ones from URLs.
+
+        :param trust_internet: Whether to trust URL-based (#md5=...) hashes
+            downloaded from the internet, as by populate_link()
+
+        """
+        good_hashes = self.hash_options.copy()
+        if trust_internet:
+            link = self.link
+        elif self.is_direct and self.user_supplied:
+            link = self.original_link
+        else:
+            link = None
+        if link and link.hash:
+            assert link.hash_name is not None
+            good_hashes.setdefault(link.hash_name, []).append(link.hash)
+        return Hashes(good_hashes)
+
+    def from_path(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Format a nice indicator to show where this "comes from" """
+        if self.req is None:
+            return None
+        s = str(self.req)
+        if self.comes_from:
+            comes_from: Optional[str]
+            if isinstance(self.comes_from, str):
+                comes_from = self.comes_from
+            else:
+                comes_from = self.comes_from.from_path()
+            if comes_from:
+                s += "->" + comes_from
+        return s
+
+    def ensure_build_location(
+        self, build_dir: str, autodelete: bool, parallel_builds: bool
+    ) -> str:
+        assert build_dir is not None
+        if self._temp_build_dir is not None:
+            assert self._temp_build_dir.path
+            return self._temp_build_dir.path
+        if self.req is None:
+            # Some systems have /tmp as a symlink which confuses custom
+            # builds (such as numpy). Thus, we ensure that the real path
+            # is returned.
+            self._temp_build_dir = TempDirectory(
+                kind=tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD, globally_managed=True
+            )
+
+            return self._temp_build_dir.path
+
+        # This is the only remaining place where we manually determine the path
+        # for the temporary directory. It is only needed for editables where
+        # it is the value of the --src option.
+
+        # When parallel builds are enabled, add a UUID to the build directory
+        # name so multiple builds do not interfere with each other.
+        dir_name: str = canonicalize_name(self.req.name)
+        if parallel_builds:
+            dir_name = f"{dir_name}_{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
+
+        # FIXME: Is there a better place to create the build_dir? (hg and bzr
+        # need this)
+        if not os.path.exists(build_dir):
+            logger.debug("Creating directory %s", build_dir)
+            os.makedirs(build_dir)
+        actual_build_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, dir_name)
+        # `None` indicates that we respect the globally-configured deletion
+        # settings, which is what we actually want when auto-deleting.
+        delete_arg = None if autodelete else False
+        return TempDirectory(
+            path=actual_build_dir,
+            delete=delete_arg,
+            kind=tempdir_kinds.REQ_BUILD,
+            globally_managed=True,
+        ).path
+
+    def _set_requirement(self) -> None:
+        """Set requirement after generating metadata."""
+        assert self.req is None
+        assert self.metadata is not None
+        assert self.source_dir is not None
+
+        # Construct a Requirement object from the generated metadata
+        if isinstance(parse_version(self.metadata["Version"]), Version):
+            op = "=="
+        else:
+            op = "==="
+
+        self.req = Requirement(
+            "".join(
+                [
+                    self.metadata["Name"],
+                    op,
+                    self.metadata["Version"],
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
+    def warn_on_mismatching_name(self) -> None:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        metadata_name = canonicalize_name(self.metadata["Name"])
+        if canonicalize_name(self.req.name) == metadata_name:
+            # Everything is fine.
+            return
+
+        # If we're here, there's a mismatch. Log a warning about it.
+        logger.warning(
+            "Generating metadata for package %s "
+            "produced metadata for project name %s. Fix your "
+            "#egg=%s fragments.",
+            self.name,
+            metadata_name,
+            self.name,
+        )
+        self.req = Requirement(metadata_name)
+
+    def check_if_exists(self, use_user_site: bool) -> None:
+        """Find an installed distribution that satisfies or conflicts
+        with this requirement, and set self.satisfied_by or
+        self.should_reinstall appropriately.
+        """
+        if self.req is None:
+            return
+        existing_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(self.req.name)
+        if not existing_dist:
+            return
+
+        version_compatible = self.req.specifier.contains(
+            existing_dist.version,
+            prereleases=True,
+        )
+        if not version_compatible:
+            self.satisfied_by = None
+            if use_user_site:
+                if existing_dist.in_usersite:
+                    self.should_reinstall = True
+                elif running_under_virtualenv() and existing_dist.in_site_packages:
+                    raise InstallationError(
+                        f"Will not install to the user site because it will "
+                        f"lack sys.path precedence to {existing_dist.raw_name} "
+                        f"in {existing_dist.location}"
+                    )
+            else:
+                self.should_reinstall = True
+        else:
+            if self.editable:
+                self.should_reinstall = True
+                # when installing editables, nothing pre-existing should ever
+                # satisfy
+                self.satisfied_by = None
+            else:
+                self.satisfied_by = existing_dist
+
+    # Things valid for wheels
+    @property
+    def is_wheel(self) -> bool:
+        if not self.link:
+            return False
+        return self.link.is_wheel
+
+    @property
+    def is_wheel_from_cache(self) -> bool:
+        # When True, it means that this InstallRequirement is a local wheel file in the
+        # cache of locally built wheels.
+        return self.cached_wheel_source_link is not None
+
+    # Things valid for sdists
+    @property
+    def unpacked_source_directory(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        return os.path.join(
+            self.source_dir, self.link and self.link.subdirectory_fragment or ""
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def setup_py_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        setup_py = os.path.join(self.unpacked_source_directory, "setup.py")
+
+        return setup_py
+
+    @property
+    def setup_cfg_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        setup_cfg = os.path.join(self.unpacked_source_directory, "setup.cfg")
+
+        return setup_cfg
+
+    @property
+    def pyproject_toml_path(self) -> str:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        return make_pyproject_path(self.unpacked_source_directory)
+
+    def load_pyproject_toml(self) -> None:
+        """Load the pyproject.toml file.
+
+        After calling this routine, all of the attributes related to PEP 517
+        processing for this requirement have been set. In particular, the
+        use_pep517 attribute can be used to determine whether we should
+        follow the PEP 517 or legacy (setup.py) code path.
+        """
+        pyproject_toml_data = load_pyproject_toml(
+            self.use_pep517, self.pyproject_toml_path, self.setup_py_path, str(self)
+        )
+
+        if pyproject_toml_data is None:
+            assert not self.config_settings
+            self.use_pep517 = False
+            return
+
+        self.use_pep517 = True
+        requires, backend, check, backend_path = pyproject_toml_data
+        self.requirements_to_check = check
+        self.pyproject_requires = requires
+        self.pep517_backend = ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller(
+            self,
+            self.unpacked_source_directory,
+            backend,
+            backend_path=backend_path,
+        )
+
+    def isolated_editable_sanity_check(self) -> None:
+        """Check that an editable requirement if valid for use with PEP 517/518.
+
+        This verifies that an editable that has a pyproject.toml either supports PEP 660
+        or as a setup.py or a setup.cfg
+        """
+        if (
+            self.editable
+            and self.use_pep517
+            and not self.supports_pyproject_editable()
+            and not os.path.isfile(self.setup_py_path)
+            and not os.path.isfile(self.setup_cfg_path)
+        ):
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Project {self} has a 'pyproject.toml' and its build "
+                f"backend is missing the 'build_editable' hook. Since it does not "
+                f"have a 'setup.py' nor a 'setup.cfg', "
+                f"it cannot be installed in editable mode. "
+                f"Consider using a build backend that supports PEP 660."
+            )
+
+    def prepare_metadata(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure that project metadata is available.
+
+        Under PEP 517 and PEP 660, call the backend hook to prepare the metadata.
+        Under legacy processing, call setup.py egg-info.
+        """
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        details = self.name or f"from {self.link}"
+
+        if self.use_pep517:
+            assert self.pep517_backend is not None
+            if (
+                self.editable
+                and self.permit_editable_wheels
+                and self.supports_pyproject_editable()
+            ):
+                self.metadata_directory = generate_editable_metadata(
+                    build_env=self.build_env,
+                    backend=self.pep517_backend,
+                    details=details,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.metadata_directory = generate_metadata(
+                    build_env=self.build_env,
+                    backend=self.pep517_backend,
+                    details=details,
+                )
+        else:
+            self.metadata_directory = generate_metadata_legacy(
+                build_env=self.build_env,
+                setup_py_path=self.setup_py_path,
+                source_dir=self.unpacked_source_directory,
+                isolated=self.isolated,
+                details=details,
+            )
+
+        # Act on the newly generated metadata, based on the name and version.
+        if not self.name:
+            self._set_requirement()
+        else:
+            self.warn_on_mismatching_name()
+
+        self.assert_source_matches_version()
+
+    @property
+    def metadata(self) -> Any:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_metadata"):
+            self._metadata = self.get_dist().metadata
+
+        return self._metadata
+
+    def get_dist(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        if self.metadata_directory:
+            return get_directory_distribution(self.metadata_directory)
+        elif self.local_file_path and self.is_wheel:
+            assert self.req is not None
+            return get_wheel_distribution(
+                FilesystemWheel(self.local_file_path),
+                canonicalize_name(self.req.name),
+            )
+        raise AssertionError(
+            f"InstallRequirement {self} has no metadata directory and no wheel: "
+            f"can't make a distribution."
+        )
+
+    def assert_source_matches_version(self) -> None:
+        assert self.source_dir, f"No source dir for {self}"
+        version = self.metadata["version"]
+        if self.req and self.req.specifier and version not in self.req.specifier:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Requested %s, but installing version %s",
+                self,
+                version,
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Source in %s has version %s, which satisfies requirement %s",
+                display_path(self.source_dir),
+                version,
+                self,
+            )
+
+    # For both source distributions and editables
+    def ensure_has_source_dir(
+        self,
+        parent_dir: str,
+        autodelete: bool = False,
+        parallel_builds: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Ensure that a source_dir is set.
+
+        This will create a temporary build dir if the name of the requirement
+        isn't known yet.
+
+        :param parent_dir: The ideal pip parent_dir for the source_dir.
+            Generally src_dir for editables and build_dir for sdists.
+        :return: self.source_dir
+        """
+        if self.source_dir is None:
+            self.source_dir = self.ensure_build_location(
+                parent_dir,
+                autodelete=autodelete,
+                parallel_builds=parallel_builds,
+            )
+
+    def needs_unpacked_archive(self, archive_source: Path) -> None:
+        assert self._archive_source is None
+        self._archive_source = archive_source
+
+    def ensure_pristine_source_checkout(self) -> None:
+        """Ensure the source directory has not yet been built in."""
+        assert self.source_dir is not None
+        if self._archive_source is not None:
+            unpack_file(str(self._archive_source), self.source_dir)
+        elif is_installable_dir(self.source_dir):
+            # If a checkout exists, it's unwise to keep going.
+            # version inconsistencies are logged later, but do not fail
+            # the installation.
+            raise PreviousBuildDirError(
+                f"pip can't proceed with requirements '{self}' due to a "
+                f"pre-existing build directory ({self.source_dir}). This is likely "
+                "due to a previous installation that failed . pip is "
+                "being responsible and not assuming it can delete this. "
+                "Please delete it and try again."
+            )
+
+    # For editable installations
+    def update_editable(self) -> None:
+        if not self.link:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Cannot update repository at %s; repository location is unknown",
+                self.source_dir,
+            )
+            return
+        assert self.editable
+        assert self.source_dir
+        if self.link.scheme == "file":
+            # Static paths don't get updated
+            return
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(self.link.scheme)
+        # Editable requirements are validated in Requirement constructors.
+        # So here, if it's neither a path nor a valid VCS URL, it's a bug.
+        assert vcs_backend, f"Unsupported VCS URL {self.link.url}"
+        hidden_url = hide_url(self.link.url)
+        vcs_backend.obtain(self.source_dir, url=hidden_url, verbosity=0)
+
+    # Top-level Actions
+    def uninstall(
+        self, auto_confirm: bool = False, verbose: bool = False
+    ) -> Optional[UninstallPathSet]:
+        """
+        Uninstall the distribution currently satisfying this requirement.
+
+        Prompts before removing or modifying files unless
+        ``auto_confirm`` is True.
+
+        Refuses to delete or modify files outside of ``sys.prefix`` -
+        thus uninstallation within a virtual environment can only
+        modify that virtual environment, even if the virtualenv is
+        linked to global site-packages.
+
+        """
+        assert self.req
+        dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(self.req.name)
+        if not dist:
+            logger.warning("Skipping %s as it is not installed.", self.name)
+            return None
+        logger.info("Found existing installation: %s", dist)
+
+        uninstalled_pathset = UninstallPathSet.from_dist(dist)
+        uninstalled_pathset.remove(auto_confirm, verbose)
+        return uninstalled_pathset
+
+    def _get_archive_name(self, path: str, parentdir: str, rootdir: str) -> str:
+        def _clean_zip_name(name: str, prefix: str) -> str:
+            assert name.startswith(
+                prefix + os.path.sep
+            ), f"name {name!r} doesn't start with prefix {prefix!r}"
+            name = name[len(prefix) + 1 :]
+            name = name.replace(os.path.sep, "/")
+            return name
+
+        assert self.req is not None
+        path = os.path.join(parentdir, path)
+        name = _clean_zip_name(path, rootdir)
+        return self.req.name + "/" + name
+
+    def archive(self, build_dir: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        """Saves archive to provided build_dir.
+
+        Used for saving downloaded VCS requirements as part of `pip download`.
+        """
+        assert self.source_dir
+        if build_dir is None:
+            return
+
+        create_archive = True
+        archive_name = "{}-{}.zip".format(self.name, self.metadata["version"])
+        archive_path = os.path.join(build_dir, archive_name)
+
+        if os.path.exists(archive_path):
+            response = ask_path_exists(
+                f"The file {display_path(archive_path)} exists. (i)gnore, (w)ipe, "
+                "(b)ackup, (a)bort ",
+                ("i", "w", "b", "a"),
+            )
+            if response == "i":
+                create_archive = False
+            elif response == "w":
+                logger.warning("Deleting %s", display_path(archive_path))
+                os.remove(archive_path)
+            elif response == "b":
+                dest_file = backup_dir(archive_path)
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Backing up %s to %s",
+                    display_path(archive_path),
+                    display_path(dest_file),
+                )
+                shutil.move(archive_path, dest_file)
+            elif response == "a":
+                sys.exit(-1)
+
+        if not create_archive:
+            return
+
+        zip_output = zipfile.ZipFile(
+            archive_path,
+            "w",
+            zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED,
+            allowZip64=True,
+        )
+        with zip_output:
+            dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(self.unpacked_source_directory))
+            for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(dir):
+                for dirname in dirnames:
+                    dir_arcname = self._get_archive_name(
+                        dirname,
+                        parentdir=dirpath,
+                        rootdir=dir,
+                    )
+                    zipdir = zipfile.ZipInfo(dir_arcname + "/")
+                    zipdir.external_attr = 0x1ED << 16  # 0o755
+                    zip_output.writestr(zipdir, "")
+                for filename in filenames:
+                    file_arcname = self._get_archive_name(
+                        filename,
+                        parentdir=dirpath,
+                        rootdir=dir,
+                    )
+                    filename = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+                    zip_output.write(filename, file_arcname)
+
+        logger.info("Saved %s", display_path(archive_path))
+
+    def install(
+        self,
+        global_options: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+        root: Optional[str] = None,
+        home: Optional[str] = None,
+        prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+        warn_script_location: bool = True,
+        use_user_site: bool = False,
+        pycompile: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert self.req is not None
+        scheme = get_scheme(
+            self.req.name,
+            user=use_user_site,
+            home=home,
+            root=root,
+            isolated=self.isolated,
+            prefix=prefix,
+        )
+
+        if self.editable and not self.is_wheel:
+            if self.config_settings:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--config-settings ignored for legacy editable install of %s. "
+                    "Consider upgrading to a version of setuptools "
+                    "that supports PEP 660 (>= 64).",
+                    self,
+                )
+            install_editable_legacy(
+                global_options=global_options if global_options is not None else [],
+                prefix=prefix,
+                home=home,
+                use_user_site=use_user_site,
+                name=self.req.name,
+                setup_py_path=self.setup_py_path,
+                isolated=self.isolated,
+                build_env=self.build_env,
+                unpacked_source_directory=self.unpacked_source_directory,
+            )
+            self.install_succeeded = True
+            return
+
+        assert self.is_wheel
+        assert self.local_file_path
+
+        install_wheel(
+            self.req.name,
+            self.local_file_path,
+            scheme=scheme,
+            req_description=str(self.req),
+            pycompile=pycompile,
+            warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+            direct_url=self.download_info if self.is_direct else None,
+            requested=self.user_supplied,
+        )
+        self.install_succeeded = True
+
+
+def check_invalid_constraint_type(req: InstallRequirement) -> str:
+    # Check for unsupported forms
+    problem = ""
+    if not req.name:
+        problem = "Unnamed requirements are not allowed as constraints"
+    elif req.editable:
+        problem = "Editable requirements are not allowed as constraints"
+    elif req.extras:
+        problem = "Constraints cannot have extras"
+
+    if problem:
+        deprecated(
+            reason=(
+                "Constraints are only allowed to take the form of a package "
+                "name and a version specifier. Other forms were originally "
+                "permitted as an accident of the implementation, but were "
+                "undocumented. The new implementation of the resolver no "
+                "longer supports these forms."
+            ),
+            replacement="replacing the constraint with a requirement",
+            # No plan yet for when the new resolver becomes default
+            gone_in=None,
+            issue=8210,
+        )
+
+    return problem
+
+
+def _has_option(options: Values, reqs: List[InstallRequirement], option: str) -> bool:
+    if getattr(options, option, None):
+        return True
+    for req in reqs:
+        if getattr(req, option, None):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def check_legacy_setup_py_options(
+    options: Values,
+    reqs: List[InstallRequirement],
+) -> None:
+    has_build_options = _has_option(options, reqs, "build_options")
+    has_global_options = _has_option(options, reqs, "global_options")
+    if has_build_options or has_global_options:
+        deprecated(
+            reason="--build-option and --global-option are deprecated.",
+            issue=11859,
+            replacement="to use --config-settings",
+            gone_in="24.2",
+        )
+        logger.warning(
+            "Implying --no-binary=:all: due to the presence of "
+            "--build-option / --global-option. "
+        )
+        options.format_control.disallow_binaries()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf36114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import logging
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from typing import Dict, List
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import LegacySpecifier
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class RequirementSet:
+    def __init__(self, check_supported_wheels: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Create a RequirementSet."""
+
+        self.requirements: Dict[str, InstallRequirement] = OrderedDict()
+        self.check_supported_wheels = check_supported_wheels
+
+        self.unnamed_requirements: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        requirements = sorted(
+            (req for req in self.requirements.values() if not req.comes_from),
+            key=lambda req: canonicalize_name(req.name or ""),
+        )
+        return " ".join(str(req.req) for req in requirements)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        requirements = sorted(
+            self.requirements.values(),
+            key=lambda req: canonicalize_name(req.name or ""),
+        )
+
+        format_string = "<{classname} object; {count} requirement(s): {reqs}>"
+        return format_string.format(
+            classname=self.__class__.__name__,
+            count=len(requirements),
+            reqs=", ".join(str(req.req) for req in requirements),
+        )
+
+    def add_unnamed_requirement(self, install_req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert not install_req.name
+        self.unnamed_requirements.append(install_req)
+
+    def add_named_requirement(self, install_req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert install_req.name
+
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(install_req.name)
+        self.requirements[project_name] = install_req
+
+    def has_requirement(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+
+        return (
+            project_name in self.requirements
+            and not self.requirements[project_name].constraint
+        )
+
+    def get_requirement(self, name: str) -> InstallRequirement:
+        project_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+
+        if project_name in self.requirements:
+            return self.requirements[project_name]
+
+        raise KeyError(f"No project with the name {name!r}")
+
+    @property
+    def all_requirements(self) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        return self.unnamed_requirements + list(self.requirements.values())
+
+    @property
+    def requirements_to_install(self) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Return the list of requirements that need to be installed.
+
+        TODO remove this property together with the legacy resolver, since the new
+             resolver only returns requirements that need to be installed.
+        """
+        return [
+            install_req
+            for install_req in self.all_requirements
+            if not install_req.constraint and not install_req.satisfied_by
+        ]
+
+    def warn_legacy_versions_and_specifiers(self) -> None:
+        for req in self.requirements_to_install:
+            version = req.get_dist().version
+            if isinstance(version, LegacyVersion):
+                deprecated(
+                    reason=(
+                        f"pip has selected the non standard version {version} "
+                        f"of {req}. In the future this version will be "
+                        f"ignored as it isn't standard compliant."
+                    ),
+                    replacement=(
+                        "set or update constraints to select another version "
+                        "or contact the package author to fix the version number"
+                    ),
+                    issue=12063,
+                    gone_in="24.1",
+                )
+            for dep in req.get_dist().iter_dependencies():
+                if any(isinstance(spec, LegacySpecifier) for spec in dep.specifier):
+                    deprecated(
+                        reason=(
+                            f"pip has selected {req} {version} which has non "
+                            f"standard dependency specifier {dep}. "
+                            f"In the future this version of {req} will be "
+                            f"ignored as it isn't standard compliant."
+                        ),
+                        replacement=(
+                            "set or update constraints to select another version "
+                            "or contact the package author to fix the version number"
+                        ),
+                        issue=12063,
+                        gone_in="24.1",
+                    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..707fde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_uninstall.py
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from importlib.util import cache_from_source
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Generator, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import UninstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_bin_prefix, get_bin_user
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_location
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger, indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ask, normalize_path, renames, rmtree
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import AdjacentTempDirectory, TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _script_names(
+    bin_dir: str, script_name: str, is_gui: bool
+) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """Create the fully qualified name of the files created by
+    {console,gui}_scripts for the given ``dist``.
+    Returns the list of file names
+    """
+    exe_name = os.path.join(bin_dir, script_name)
+    yield exe_name
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return
+    yield f"{exe_name}.exe"
+    yield f"{exe_name}.exe.manifest"
+    if is_gui:
+        yield f"{exe_name}-script.pyw"
+    else:
+        yield f"{exe_name}-script.py"
+
+
+def _unique(
+    fn: Callable[..., Generator[Any, None, None]]
+) -> Callable[..., Generator[Any, None, None]]:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def unique(*args: Any, **kw: Any) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        seen: Set[Any] = set()
+        for item in fn(*args, **kw):
+            if item not in seen:
+                seen.add(item)
+                yield item
+
+    return unique
+
+
+@_unique
+def uninstallation_paths(dist: BaseDistribution) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+    """
+    Yield all the uninstallation paths for dist based on RECORD-without-.py[co]
+
+    Yield paths to all the files in RECORD. For each .py file in RECORD, add
+    the .pyc and .pyo in the same directory.
+
+    UninstallPathSet.add() takes care of the __pycache__ .py[co].
+
+    If RECORD is not found, raises UninstallationError,
+    with possible information from the INSTALLER file.
+
+    https://packaging.python.org/specifications/recording-installed-packages/
+    """
+    location = dist.location
+    assert location is not None, "not installed"
+
+    entries = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+    if entries is None:
+        msg = f"Cannot uninstall {dist}, RECORD file not found."
+        installer = dist.installer
+        if not installer or installer == "pip":
+            dep = f"{dist.raw_name}=={dist.version}"
+            msg += (
+                " You might be able to recover from this via: "
+                f"'pip install --force-reinstall --no-deps {dep}'."
+            )
+        else:
+            msg += f" Hint: The package was installed by {installer}."
+        raise UninstallationError(msg)
+
+    for entry in entries:
+        path = os.path.join(location, entry)
+        yield path
+        if path.endswith(".py"):
+            dn, fn = os.path.split(path)
+            base = fn[:-3]
+            path = os.path.join(dn, base + ".pyc")
+            yield path
+            path = os.path.join(dn, base + ".pyo")
+            yield path
+
+
+def compact(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Compact a path set to contain the minimal number of paths
+    necessary to contain all paths in the set. If /a/path/ and
+    /a/path/to/a/file.txt are both in the set, leave only the
+    shorter path."""
+
+    sep = os.path.sep
+    short_paths: Set[str] = set()
+    for path in sorted(paths, key=len):
+        should_skip = any(
+            path.startswith(shortpath.rstrip("*"))
+            and path[len(shortpath.rstrip("*").rstrip(sep))] == sep
+            for shortpath in short_paths
+        )
+        if not should_skip:
+            short_paths.add(path)
+    return short_paths
+
+
+def compress_for_rename(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Set[str]:
+    """Returns a set containing the paths that need to be renamed.
+
+    This set may include directories when the original sequence of paths
+    included every file on disk.
+    """
+    case_map = {os.path.normcase(p): p for p in paths}
+    remaining = set(case_map)
+    unchecked = sorted({os.path.split(p)[0] for p in case_map.values()}, key=len)
+    wildcards: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def norm_join(*a: str) -> str:
+        return os.path.normcase(os.path.join(*a))
+
+    for root in unchecked:
+        if any(os.path.normcase(root).startswith(w) for w in wildcards):
+            # This directory has already been handled.
+            continue
+
+        all_files: Set[str] = set()
+        all_subdirs: Set[str] = set()
+        for dirname, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):
+            all_subdirs.update(norm_join(root, dirname, d) for d in subdirs)
+            all_files.update(norm_join(root, dirname, f) for f in files)
+        # If all the files we found are in our remaining set of files to
+        # remove, then remove them from the latter set and add a wildcard
+        # for the directory.
+        if not (all_files - remaining):
+            remaining.difference_update(all_files)
+            wildcards.add(root + os.sep)
+
+    return set(map(case_map.__getitem__, remaining)) | wildcards
+
+
+def compress_for_output_listing(paths: Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[Set[str], Set[str]]:
+    """Returns a tuple of 2 sets of which paths to display to user
+
+    The first set contains paths that would be deleted. Files of a package
+    are not added and the top-level directory of the package has a '*' added
+    at the end - to signify that all it's contents are removed.
+
+    The second set contains files that would have been skipped in the above
+    folders.
+    """
+
+    will_remove = set(paths)
+    will_skip = set()
+
+    # Determine folders and files
+    folders = set()
+    files = set()
+    for path in will_remove:
+        if path.endswith(".pyc"):
+            continue
+        if path.endswith("__init__.py") or ".dist-info" in path:
+            folders.add(os.path.dirname(path))
+        files.add(path)
+
+    _normcased_files = set(map(os.path.normcase, files))
+
+    folders = compact(folders)
+
+    # This walks the tree using os.walk to not miss extra folders
+    # that might get added.
+    for folder in folders:
+        for dirpath, _, dirfiles in os.walk(folder):
+            for fname in dirfiles:
+                if fname.endswith(".pyc"):
+                    continue
+
+                file_ = os.path.join(dirpath, fname)
+                if (
+                    os.path.isfile(file_)
+                    and os.path.normcase(file_) not in _normcased_files
+                ):
+                    # We are skipping this file. Add it to the set.
+                    will_skip.add(file_)
+
+    will_remove = files | {os.path.join(folder, "*") for folder in folders}
+
+    return will_remove, will_skip
+
+
+class StashedUninstallPathSet:
+    """A set of file rename operations to stash files while
+    tentatively uninstalling them."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Mapping from source file root to [Adjacent]TempDirectory
+        # for files under that directory.
+        self._save_dirs: Dict[str, TempDirectory] = {}
+        # (old path, new path) tuples for each move that may need
+        # to be undone.
+        self._moves: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
+
+    def _get_directory_stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes a directory.
+
+        Directories are stashed adjacent to their original location if
+        possible, or else moved/copied into the user's temp dir."""
+
+        try:
+            save_dir: TempDirectory = AdjacentTempDirectory(path)
+        except OSError:
+            save_dir = TempDirectory(kind="uninstall")
+        self._save_dirs[os.path.normcase(path)] = save_dir
+
+        return save_dir.path
+
+    def _get_file_stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes a file.
+
+        If no root has been provided, one will be created for the directory
+        in the user's temp directory."""
+        path = os.path.normcase(path)
+        head, old_head = os.path.dirname(path), None
+        save_dir = None
+
+        while head != old_head:
+            try:
+                save_dir = self._save_dirs[head]
+                break
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            head, old_head = os.path.dirname(head), head
+        else:
+            # Did not find any suitable root
+            head = os.path.dirname(path)
+            save_dir = TempDirectory(kind="uninstall")
+            self._save_dirs[head] = save_dir
+
+        relpath = os.path.relpath(path, head)
+        if relpath and relpath != os.path.curdir:
+            return os.path.join(save_dir.path, relpath)
+        return save_dir.path
+
+    def stash(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Stashes the directory or file and returns its new location.
+        Handle symlinks as files to avoid modifying the symlink targets.
+        """
+        path_is_dir = os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.islink(path)
+        if path_is_dir:
+            new_path = self._get_directory_stash(path)
+        else:
+            new_path = self._get_file_stash(path)
+
+        self._moves.append((path, new_path))
+        if path_is_dir and os.path.isdir(new_path):
+            # If we're moving a directory, we need to
+            # remove the destination first or else it will be
+            # moved to inside the existing directory.
+            # We just created new_path ourselves, so it will
+            # be removable.
+            os.rmdir(new_path)
+        renames(path, new_path)
+        return new_path
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Commits the uninstall by removing stashed files."""
+        for save_dir in self._save_dirs.values():
+            save_dir.cleanup()
+        self._moves = []
+        self._save_dirs = {}
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Undoes the uninstall by moving stashed files back."""
+        for p in self._moves:
+            logger.info("Moving to %s\n from %s", *p)
+
+        for new_path, path in self._moves:
+            try:
+                logger.debug("Replacing %s from %s", new_path, path)
+                if os.path.isfile(new_path) or os.path.islink(new_path):
+                    os.unlink(new_path)
+                elif os.path.isdir(new_path):
+                    rmtree(new_path)
+                renames(path, new_path)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                logger.error("Failed to restore %s", new_path)
+                logger.debug("Exception: %s", ex)
+
+        self.commit()
+
+    @property
+    def can_rollback(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._moves)
+
+
+class UninstallPathSet:
+    """A set of file paths to be removed in the uninstallation of a
+    requirement."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> None:
+        self._paths: Set[str] = set()
+        self._refuse: Set[str] = set()
+        self._pth: Dict[str, UninstallPthEntries] = {}
+        self._dist = dist
+        self._moved_paths = StashedUninstallPathSet()
+        # Create local cache of normalize_path results. Creating an UninstallPathSet
+        # can result in hundreds/thousands of redundant calls to normalize_path with
+        # the same args, which hurts performance.
+        self._normalize_path_cached = functools.lru_cache()(normalize_path)
+
+    def _permitted(self, path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return True if the given path is one we are permitted to
+        remove/modify, False otherwise.
+
+        """
+        # aka is_local, but caching normalized sys.prefix
+        if not running_under_virtualenv():
+            return True
+        return path.startswith(self._normalize_path_cached(sys.prefix))
+
+    def add(self, path: str) -> None:
+        head, tail = os.path.split(path)
+
+        # we normalize the head to resolve parent directory symlinks, but not
+        # the tail, since we only want to uninstall symlinks, not their targets
+        path = os.path.join(self._normalize_path_cached(head), os.path.normcase(tail))
+
+        if not os.path.exists(path):
+            return
+        if self._permitted(path):
+            self._paths.add(path)
+        else:
+            self._refuse.add(path)
+
+        # __pycache__ files can show up after 'installed-files.txt' is created,
+        # due to imports
+        if os.path.splitext(path)[1] == ".py":
+            self.add(cache_from_source(path))
+
+    def add_pth(self, pth_file: str, entry: str) -> None:
+        pth_file = self._normalize_path_cached(pth_file)
+        if self._permitted(pth_file):
+            if pth_file not in self._pth:
+                self._pth[pth_file] = UninstallPthEntries(pth_file)
+            self._pth[pth_file].add(entry)
+        else:
+            self._refuse.add(pth_file)
+
+    def remove(self, auto_confirm: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Remove paths in ``self._paths`` with confirmation (unless
+        ``auto_confirm`` is True)."""
+
+        if not self._paths:
+            logger.info(
+                "Can't uninstall '%s'. No files were found to uninstall.",
+                self._dist.raw_name,
+            )
+            return
+
+        dist_name_version = f"{self._dist.raw_name}-{self._dist.version}"
+        logger.info("Uninstalling %s:", dist_name_version)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            if auto_confirm or self._allowed_to_proceed(verbose):
+                moved = self._moved_paths
+
+                for_rename = compress_for_rename(self._paths)
+
+                for path in sorted(compact(for_rename)):
+                    moved.stash(path)
+                    logger.verbose("Removing file or directory %s", path)
+
+                for pth in self._pth.values():
+                    pth.remove()
+
+                logger.info("Successfully uninstalled %s", dist_name_version)
+
+    def _allowed_to_proceed(self, verbose: bool) -> bool:
+        """Display which files would be deleted and prompt for confirmation"""
+
+        def _display(msg: str, paths: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+            if not paths:
+                return
+
+            logger.info(msg)
+            with indent_log():
+                for path in sorted(compact(paths)):
+                    logger.info(path)
+
+        if not verbose:
+            will_remove, will_skip = compress_for_output_listing(self._paths)
+        else:
+            # In verbose mode, display all the files that are going to be
+            # deleted.
+            will_remove = set(self._paths)
+            will_skip = set()
+
+        _display("Would remove:", will_remove)
+        _display("Would not remove (might be manually added):", will_skip)
+        _display("Would not remove (outside of prefix):", self._refuse)
+        if verbose:
+            _display("Will actually move:", compress_for_rename(self._paths))
+
+        return ask("Proceed (Y/n)? ", ("y", "n", "")) != "n"
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None:
+        """Rollback the changes previously made by remove()."""
+        if not self._moved_paths.can_rollback:
+            logger.error(
+                "Can't roll back %s; was not uninstalled",
+                self._dist.raw_name,
+            )
+            return
+        logger.info("Rolling back uninstall of %s", self._dist.raw_name)
+        self._moved_paths.rollback()
+        for pth in self._pth.values():
+            pth.rollback()
+
+    def commit(self) -> None:
+        """Remove temporary save dir: rollback will no longer be possible."""
+        self._moved_paths.commit()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dist(cls, dist: BaseDistribution) -> "UninstallPathSet":
+        dist_location = dist.location
+        info_location = dist.info_location
+        if dist_location is None:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s since it is not installed",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        normalized_dist_location = normalize_path(dist_location)
+        if not dist.local:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s at %s, outside environment %s",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                normalized_dist_location,
+                sys.prefix,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        if normalized_dist_location in {
+            p
+            for p in {sysconfig.get_path("stdlib"), sysconfig.get_path("platstdlib")}
+            if p
+        }:
+            logger.info(
+                "Not uninstalling %s at %s, as it is in the standard library.",
+                dist.canonical_name,
+                normalized_dist_location,
+            )
+            return cls(dist)
+
+        paths_to_remove = cls(dist)
+        develop_egg_link = egg_link_path_from_location(dist.raw_name)
+
+        # Distribution is installed with metadata in a "flat" .egg-info
+        # directory. This means it is not a modern .dist-info installation, an
+        # egg, or legacy editable.
+        setuptools_flat_installation = (
+            dist.installed_with_setuptools_egg_info
+            and info_location is not None
+            and os.path.exists(info_location)
+            # If dist is editable and the location points to a ``.egg-info``,
+            # we are in fact in the legacy editable case.
+            and not info_location.endswith(f"{dist.setuptools_filename}.egg-info")
+        )
+
+        # Uninstall cases order do matter as in the case of 2 installs of the
+        # same package, pip needs to uninstall the currently detected version
+        if setuptools_flat_installation:
+            if info_location is not None:
+                paths_to_remove.add(info_location)
+            installed_files = dist.iter_declared_entries()
+            if installed_files is not None:
+                for installed_file in installed_files:
+                    paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(dist_location, installed_file))
+            # FIXME: need a test for this elif block
+            # occurs with --single-version-externally-managed/--record outside
+            # of pip
+            elif dist.is_file("top_level.txt"):
+                try:
+                    namespace_packages = dist.read_text("namespace_packages.txt")
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    namespaces = []
+                else:
+                    namespaces = namespace_packages.splitlines(keepends=False)
+                for top_level_pkg in [
+                    p
+                    for p in dist.read_text("top_level.txt").splitlines()
+                    if p and p not in namespaces
+                ]:
+                    path = os.path.join(dist_location, top_level_pkg)
+                    paths_to_remove.add(path)
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.py")
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.pyc")
+                    paths_to_remove.add(f"{path}.pyo")
+
+        elif dist.installed_by_distutils:
+            raise UninstallationError(
+                "Cannot uninstall {!r}. It is a distutils installed project "
+                "and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong "
+                "to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.".format(
+                    dist.raw_name,
+                )
+            )
+
+        elif dist.installed_as_egg:
+            # package installed by easy_install
+            # We cannot match on dist.egg_name because it can slightly vary
+            # i.e. setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg vs setuptools-0.6rc11-py2.6.egg
+            paths_to_remove.add(dist_location)
+            easy_install_egg = os.path.split(dist_location)[1]
+            easy_install_pth = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(dist_location),
+                "easy-install.pth",
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add_pth(easy_install_pth, "./" + easy_install_egg)
+
+        elif dist.installed_with_dist_info:
+            for path in uninstallation_paths(dist):
+                paths_to_remove.add(path)
+
+        elif develop_egg_link:
+            # PEP 660 modern editable is handled in the ``.dist-info`` case
+            # above, so this only covers the setuptools-style editable.
+            with open(develop_egg_link) as fh:
+                link_pointer = os.path.normcase(fh.readline().strip())
+                normalized_link_pointer = paths_to_remove._normalize_path_cached(
+                    link_pointer
+                )
+            assert os.path.samefile(
+                normalized_link_pointer, normalized_dist_location
+            ), (
+                f"Egg-link {develop_egg_link} (to {link_pointer}) does not match "
+                f"installed location of {dist.raw_name} (at {dist_location})"
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add(develop_egg_link)
+            easy_install_pth = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(develop_egg_link), "easy-install.pth"
+            )
+            paths_to_remove.add_pth(easy_install_pth, dist_location)
+
+        else:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Not sure how to uninstall: %s - Check: %s",
+                dist,
+                dist_location,
+            )
+
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            bin_dir = get_bin_user()
+        else:
+            bin_dir = get_bin_prefix()
+
+        # find distutils scripts= scripts
+        try:
+            for script in dist.iter_distutils_script_names():
+                paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(bin_dir, script))
+                if WINDOWS:
+                    paths_to_remove.add(os.path.join(bin_dir, f"{script}.bat"))
+        except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+            pass
+
+        # find console_scripts and gui_scripts
+        def iter_scripts_to_remove(
+            dist: BaseDistribution,
+            bin_dir: str,
+        ) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+            for entry_point in dist.iter_entry_points():
+                if entry_point.group == "console_scripts":
+                    yield from _script_names(bin_dir, entry_point.name, False)
+                elif entry_point.group == "gui_scripts":
+                    yield from _script_names(bin_dir, entry_point.name, True)
+
+        for s in iter_scripts_to_remove(dist, bin_dir):
+            paths_to_remove.add(s)
+
+        return paths_to_remove
+
+
+class UninstallPthEntries:
+    def __init__(self, pth_file: str) -> None:
+        self.file = pth_file
+        self.entries: Set[str] = set()
+        self._saved_lines: Optional[List[bytes]] = None
+
+    def add(self, entry: str) -> None:
+        entry = os.path.normcase(entry)
+        # On Windows, os.path.normcase converts the entry to use
+        # backslashes.  This is correct for entries that describe absolute
+        # paths outside of site-packages, but all the others use forward
+        # slashes.
+        # os.path.splitdrive is used instead of os.path.isabs because isabs
+        # treats non-absolute paths with drive letter markings like c:foo\bar
+        # as absolute paths. It also does not recognize UNC paths if they don't
+        # have more than "\\sever\share". Valid examples: "\\server\share\" or
+        # "\\server\share\folder".
+        if WINDOWS and not os.path.splitdrive(entry)[0]:
+            entry = entry.replace("\\", "/")
+        self.entries.add(entry)
+
+    def remove(self) -> None:
+        logger.verbose("Removing pth entries from %s:", self.file)
+
+        # If the file doesn't exist, log a warning and return
+        if not os.path.isfile(self.file):
+            logger.warning("Cannot remove entries from nonexistent file %s", self.file)
+            return
+        with open(self.file, "rb") as fh:
+            # windows uses '\r\n' with py3k, but uses '\n' with py2.x
+            lines = fh.readlines()
+            self._saved_lines = lines
+        if any(b"\r\n" in line for line in lines):
+            endline = "\r\n"
+        else:
+            endline = "\n"
+        # handle missing trailing newline
+        if lines and not lines[-1].endswith(endline.encode("utf-8")):
+            lines[-1] = lines[-1] + endline.encode("utf-8")
+        for entry in self.entries:
+            try:
+                logger.verbose("Removing entry: %s", entry)
+                lines.remove((entry + endline).encode("utf-8"))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as fh:
+            fh.writelines(lines)
+
+    def rollback(self) -> bool:
+        if self._saved_lines is None:
+            logger.error("Cannot roll back changes to %s, none were made", self.file)
+            return False
+        logger.debug("Rolling %s back to previous state", self.file)
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as fh:
+            fh.writelines(self._saved_lines)
+        return True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42dade1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+
+InstallRequirementProvider = Callable[
+    [str, Optional[InstallRequirement]], InstallRequirement
+]
+
+
+class BaseResolver:
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ddb848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/legacy/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+"""Dependency Resolution
+
+The dependency resolution in pip is performed as follows:
+
+for top-level requirements:
+    a. only one spec allowed per project, regardless of conflicts or not.
+       otherwise a "double requirement" exception is raised
+    b. they override sub-dependency requirements.
+for sub-dependencies
+    a. "first found, wins" (where the order is breadth first)
+"""
+
+# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
+# mypy: strict-optional=False
+
+import logging
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import DefaultDict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    BestVersionAlreadyInstalled,
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    HashError,
+    HashErrors,
+    InstallationError,
+    NoneMetadataError,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils import compatibility_tags
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import check_requires_python
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DiscoveredDependencies = DefaultDict[str, List[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def _check_dist_requires_python(
+    dist: BaseDistribution,
+    version_info: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ignore_requires_python: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Check whether the given Python version is compatible with a distribution's
+    "Requires-Python" value.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing the Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check.
+    :param ignore_requires_python: Whether to ignore the "Requires-Python"
+        value if the given Python version isn't compatible.
+
+    :raises UnsupportedPythonVersion: When the given Python version isn't
+        compatible.
+    """
+    # This idiosyncratically converts the SpecifierSet to str and let
+    # check_requires_python then parse it again into SpecifierSet. But this
+    # is the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
+    try:
+        requires_python = str(dist.requires_python)
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        raise NoneMetadataError(dist, str(e))
+    try:
+        is_compatible = check_requires_python(
+            requires_python,
+            version_info=version_info,
+        )
+    except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s", dist.raw_name, exc
+        )
+        return
+
+    if is_compatible:
+        return
+
+    version = ".".join(map(str, version_info))
+    if ignore_requires_python:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Ignoring failed Requires-Python check for package %r: %s not in %r",
+            dist.raw_name,
+            version,
+            requires_python,
+        )
+        return
+
+    raise UnsupportedPythonVersion(
+        "Package {!r} requires a different Python: {} not in {!r}".format(
+            dist.raw_name, version, requires_python
+        )
+    )
+
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    """Resolves which packages need to be installed/uninstalled to perform \
+    the requested operation without breaking the requirements of any package.
+    """
+
+    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
+
+        if py_version_info is None:
+            py_version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        else:
+            py_version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+
+        self._py_version_info = py_version_info
+
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self.finder = finder
+        self.wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+
+        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self.force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self.ignore_installed = ignore_installed
+        self.ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+        self.use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._make_install_req = make_install_req
+
+        self._discovered_dependencies: DiscoveredDependencies = defaultdict(list)
+
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        """Resolve what operations need to be done
+
+        As a side-effect of this method, the packages (and their dependencies)
+        are downloaded, unpacked and prepared for installation. This
+        preparation is done by ``pip.operations.prepare``.
+
+        Once PyPI has static dependency metadata available, it would be
+        possible to move the preparation to become a step separated from
+        dependency resolution.
+        """
+        requirement_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
+        for req in root_reqs:
+            if req.constraint:
+                check_invalid_constraint_type(req)
+            self._add_requirement_to_set(requirement_set, req)
+
+        # Actually prepare the files, and collect any exceptions. Most hash
+        # exceptions cannot be checked ahead of time, because
+        # _populate_link() needs to be called before we can make decisions
+        # based on link type.
+        discovered_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        hash_errors = HashErrors()
+        for req in chain(requirement_set.all_requirements, discovered_reqs):
+            try:
+                discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))
+            except HashError as exc:
+                exc.req = req
+                hash_errors.append(exc)
+
+        if hash_errors:
+            raise hash_errors
+
+        return requirement_set
+
+    def _add_requirement_to_set(
+        self,
+        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
+        install_req: InstallRequirement,
+        parent_req_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        extras_requested: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], Optional[InstallRequirement]]:
+        """Add install_req as a requirement to install.
+
+        :param parent_req_name: The name of the requirement that needed this
+            added. The name is used because when multiple unnamed requirements
+            resolve to the same name, we could otherwise end up with dependency
+            links that point outside the Requirements set. parent_req must
+            already be added. Note that None implies that this is a user
+            supplied requirement, vs an inferred one.
+        :param extras_requested: an iterable of extras used to evaluate the
+            environment markers.
+        :return: Additional requirements to scan. That is either [] if
+            the requirement is not applicable, or [install_req] if the
+            requirement is applicable and has just been added.
+        """
+        # If the markers do not match, ignore this requirement.
+        if not install_req.match_markers(extras_requested):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                install_req.name,
+                install_req.markers,
+            )
+            return [], None
+
+        # If the wheel is not supported, raise an error.
+        # Should check this after filtering out based on environment markers to
+        # allow specifying different wheels based on the environment/OS, in a
+        # single requirements file.
+        if install_req.link and install_req.link.is_wheel:
+            wheel = Wheel(install_req.link.filename)
+            tags = compatibility_tags.get_supported()
+            if requirement_set.check_supported_wheels and not wheel.supported(tags):
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"{wheel.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+                )
+
+        # This next bit is really a sanity check.
+        assert (
+            not install_req.user_supplied or parent_req_name is None
+        ), "a user supplied req shouldn't have a parent"
+
+        # Unnamed requirements are scanned again and the requirement won't be
+        # added as a dependency until after scanning.
+        if not install_req.name:
+            requirement_set.add_unnamed_requirement(install_req)
+            return [install_req], None
+
+        try:
+            existing_req: Optional[
+                InstallRequirement
+            ] = requirement_set.get_requirement(install_req.name)
+        except KeyError:
+            existing_req = None
+
+        has_conflicting_requirement = (
+            parent_req_name is None
+            and existing_req
+            and not existing_req.constraint
+            and existing_req.extras == install_req.extras
+            and existing_req.req
+            and install_req.req
+            and existing_req.req.specifier != install_req.req.specifier
+        )
+        if has_conflicting_requirement:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Double requirement given: {} (already in {}, name={!r})".format(
+                    install_req, existing_req, install_req.name
+                )
+            )
+
+        # When no existing requirement exists, add the requirement as a
+        # dependency and it will be scanned again after.
+        if not existing_req:
+            requirement_set.add_named_requirement(install_req)
+            # We'd want to rescan this requirement later
+            return [install_req], install_req
+
+        # Assume there's no need to scan, and that we've already
+        # encountered this for scanning.
+        if install_req.constraint or not existing_req.constraint:
+            return [], existing_req
+
+        does_not_satisfy_constraint = install_req.link and not (
+            existing_req.link and install_req.link.path == existing_req.link.path
+        )
+        if does_not_satisfy_constraint:
+            raise InstallationError(
+                f"Could not satisfy constraints for '{install_req.name}': "
+                "installation from path or url cannot be "
+                "constrained to a version"
+            )
+        # If we're now installing a constraint, mark the existing
+        # object for real installation.
+        existing_req.constraint = False
+        # If we're now installing a user supplied requirement,
+        # mark the existing object as such.
+        if install_req.user_supplied:
+            existing_req.user_supplied = True
+        existing_req.extras = tuple(
+            sorted(set(existing_req.extras) | set(install_req.extras))
+        )
+        logger.debug(
+            "Setting %s extras to: %s",
+            existing_req,
+            existing_req.extras,
+        )
+        # Return the existing requirement for addition to the parent and
+        # scanning again.
+        return [existing_req], existing_req
+
+    def _is_upgrade_allowed(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> bool:
+        if self.upgrade_strategy == "to-satisfy-only":
+            return False
+        elif self.upgrade_strategy == "eager":
+            return True
+        else:
+            assert self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed"
+            return req.user_supplied or req.constraint
+
+    def _set_req_to_reinstall(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """
+        Set a requirement to be installed.
+        """
+        # Don't uninstall the conflict if doing a user install and the
+        # conflict is not a user install.
+        if not self.use_user_site or req.satisfied_by.in_usersite:
+            req.should_reinstall = True
+        req.satisfied_by = None
+
+    def _check_skip_installed(
+        self, req_to_install: InstallRequirement
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Check if req_to_install should be skipped.
+
+        This will check if the req is installed, and whether we should upgrade
+        or reinstall it, taking into account all the relevant user options.
+
+        After calling this req_to_install will only have satisfied_by set to
+        None if the req_to_install is to be upgraded/reinstalled etc. Any
+        other value will be a dist recording the current thing installed that
+        satisfies the requirement.
+
+        Note that for vcs urls and the like we can't assess skipping in this
+        routine - we simply identify that we need to pull the thing down,
+        then later on it is pulled down and introspected to assess upgrade/
+        reinstalls etc.
+
+        :return: A text reason for why it was skipped, or None.
+        """
+        if self.ignore_installed:
+            return None
+
+        req_to_install.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+        if not req_to_install.satisfied_by:
+            return None
+
+        if self.force_reinstall:
+            self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
+            return None
+
+        if not self._is_upgrade_allowed(req_to_install):
+            if self.upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
+                return "already satisfied, skipping upgrade"
+            return "already satisfied"
+
+        # Check for the possibility of an upgrade.  For link-based
+        # requirements we have to pull the tree down and inspect to assess
+        # the version #, so it's handled way down.
+        if not req_to_install.link:
+            try:
+                self.finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=True)
+            except BestVersionAlreadyInstalled:
+                # Then the best version is installed.
+                return "already up-to-date"
+            except DistributionNotFound:
+                # No distribution found, so we squash the error.  It will
+                # be raised later when we re-try later to do the install.
+                # Why don't we just raise here?
+                pass
+
+        self._set_req_to_reinstall(req_to_install)
+        return None
+
+    def _find_requirement_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> Optional[Link]:
+        upgrade = self._is_upgrade_allowed(req)
+        best_candidate = self.finder.find_requirement(req, upgrade)
+        if not best_candidate:
+            return None
+
+        # Log a warning per PEP 592 if necessary before returning.
+        link = best_candidate.link
+        if link.is_yanked:
+            reason = link.yanked_reason or "<none given>"
+            msg = (
+                # Mark this as a unicode string to prevent
+                # "UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character"
+                # in Python 2 when the reason contains non-ascii characters.
+                "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
+                f"yanked version: {best_candidate}\n"
+                f"Reason for being yanked: {reason}"
+            )
+            logger.warning(msg)
+
+        return link
+
+    def _populate_link(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        """Ensure that if a link can be found for this, that it is found.
+
+        Note that req.link may still be None - if the requirement is already
+        installed and not needed to be upgraded based on the return value of
+        _is_upgrade_allowed().
+
+        If preparer.require_hashes is True, don't use the wheel cache, because
+        cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes than the
+        files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false hash
+        mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have undeterministic
+        contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if req.link is None:
+            req.link = self._find_requirement_link(req)
+
+        if self.wheel_cache is None or self.preparer.require_hashes:
+            return
+        cache_entry = self.wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=req.link,
+            package_name=req.name,
+            supported_tags=get_supported(),
+        )
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
+            if req.link is req.original_link and cache_entry.persistent:
+                req.cached_wheel_source_link = req.link
+            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
+                req.download_info = cache_entry.origin
+            else:
+                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
+                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
+                req.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
+                    req.link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
+                )
+            req.link = cache_entry.link
+
+    def _get_dist_for(self, req: InstallRequirement) -> BaseDistribution:
+        """Takes a InstallRequirement and returns a single AbstractDist \
+        representing a prepared variant of the same.
+        """
+        if req.editable:
+            return self.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(req)
+
+        # satisfied_by is only evaluated by calling _check_skip_installed,
+        # so it must be None here.
+        assert req.satisfied_by is None
+        skip_reason = self._check_skip_installed(req)
+
+        if req.satisfied_by:
+            return self.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(req, skip_reason)
+
+        # We eagerly populate the link, since that's our "legacy" behavior.
+        self._populate_link(req)
+        dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(req)
+
+        # NOTE
+        # The following portion is for determining if a certain package is
+        # going to be re-installed/upgraded or not and reporting to the user.
+        # This should probably get cleaned up in a future refactor.
+
+        # req.req is only avail after unpack for URL
+        # pkgs repeat check_if_exists to uninstall-on-upgrade
+        # (#14)
+        if not self.ignore_installed:
+            req.check_if_exists(self.use_user_site)
+
+        if req.satisfied_by:
+            should_modify = (
+                self.upgrade_strategy != "to-satisfy-only"
+                or self.force_reinstall
+                or self.ignore_installed
+                or req.link.scheme == "file"
+            )
+            if should_modify:
+                self._set_req_to_reinstall(req)
+            else:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): %s",
+                    req,
+                )
+        return dist
+
+    def _resolve_one(
+        self,
+        requirement_set: RequirementSet,
+        req_to_install: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Prepare a single requirements file.
+
+        :return: A list of additional InstallRequirements to also install.
+        """
+        # Tell user what we are doing for this requirement:
+        # obtain (editable), skipping, processing (local url), collecting
+        # (remote url or package name)
+        if req_to_install.constraint or req_to_install.prepared:
+            return []
+
+        req_to_install.prepared = True
+
+        # Parse and return dependencies
+        dist = self._get_dist_for(req_to_install)
+        # This will raise UnsupportedPythonVersion if the given Python
+        # version isn't compatible with the distribution's Requires-Python.
+        _check_dist_requires_python(
+            dist,
+            version_info=self._py_version_info,
+            ignore_requires_python=self.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+
+        more_reqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+
+        def add_req(subreq: Requirement, extras_requested: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+            # This idiosyncratically converts the Requirement to str and let
+            # make_install_req then parse it again into Requirement. But this is
+            # the legacy resolver so I'm just not going to bother refactoring.
+            sub_install_req = self._make_install_req(str(subreq), req_to_install)
+            parent_req_name = req_to_install.name
+            to_scan_again, add_to_parent = self._add_requirement_to_set(
+                requirement_set,
+                sub_install_req,
+                parent_req_name=parent_req_name,
+                extras_requested=extras_requested,
+            )
+            if parent_req_name and add_to_parent:
+                self._discovered_dependencies[parent_req_name].append(add_to_parent)
+            more_reqs.extend(to_scan_again)
+
+        with indent_log():
+            # We add req_to_install before its dependencies, so that we
+            # can refer to it when adding dependencies.
+            if not requirement_set.has_requirement(req_to_install.name):
+                # 'unnamed' requirements will get added here
+                # 'unnamed' requirements can only come from being directly
+                # provided by the user.
+                assert req_to_install.user_supplied
+                self._add_requirement_to_set(
+                    requirement_set, req_to_install, parent_req_name=None
+                )
+
+            if not self.ignore_dependencies:
+                if req_to_install.extras:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Installing extra requirements: %r",
+                        ",".join(req_to_install.extras),
+                    )
+                missing_requested = sorted(
+                    set(req_to_install.extras) - set(dist.iter_provided_extras())
+                )
+                for missing in missing_requested:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
+                        dist.raw_name,
+                        dist.version,
+                        missing,
+                    )
+
+                available_requested = sorted(
+                    set(dist.iter_provided_extras()) & set(req_to_install.extras)
+                )
+                for subreq in dist.iter_dependencies(available_requested):
+                    add_req(subreq, extras_requested=available_requested)
+
+        return more_reqs
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Create the installation order.
+
+        The installation order is topological - requirements are installed
+        before the requiring thing. We break cycles at an arbitrary point,
+        and make no other guarantees.
+        """
+        # The current implementation, which we may change at any point
+        # installs the user specified things in the order given, except when
+        # dependencies must come earlier to achieve topological order.
+        order = []
+        ordered_reqs: Set[InstallRequirement] = set()
+
+        def schedule(req: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+            if req.satisfied_by or req in ordered_reqs:
+                return
+            if req.constraint:
+                return
+            ordered_reqs.add(req)
+            for dep in self._discovered_dependencies[req.name]:
+                schedule(dep)
+            order.append(req)
+
+        for install_req in req_set.requirements.values():
+            schedule(install_req)
+        return order
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from typing import FrozenSet, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import LegacyVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+
+CandidateLookup = Tuple[Optional["Candidate"], Optional[InstallRequirement]]
+CandidateVersion = Union[LegacyVersion, Version]
+
+
+def format_name(project: NormalizedName, extras: FrozenSet[NormalizedName]) -> str:
+    if not extras:
+        return project
+    extras_expr = ",".join(sorted(extras))
+    return f"{project}[{extras_expr}]"
+
+
+class Constraint:
+    def __init__(
+        self, specifier: SpecifierSet, hashes: Hashes, links: FrozenSet[Link]
+    ) -> None:
+        self.specifier = specifier
+        self.hashes = hashes
+        self.links = links
+
+    @classmethod
+    def empty(cls) -> "Constraint":
+        return Constraint(SpecifierSet(), Hashes(), frozenset())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ireq(cls, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> "Constraint":
+        links = frozenset([ireq.link]) if ireq.link else frozenset()
+        return Constraint(ireq.specifier, ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False), links)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.specifier) or bool(self.hashes) or bool(self.links)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: InstallRequirement) -> "Constraint":
+        if not isinstance(other, InstallRequirement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        specifier = self.specifier & other.specifier
+        hashes = self.hashes & other.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+        links = self.links
+        if other.link:
+            links = links.union([other.link])
+        return Constraint(specifier, hashes, links)
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+        # Reject if there are any mismatched URL constraints on this package.
+        if self.links and not all(_match_link(link, candidate) for link in self.links):
+            return False
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        return self.specifier.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class Requirement:
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The "project name" of a requirement.
+
+        This is different from ``name`` if this requirement contains extras,
+        in which case ``name`` would contain the ``[...]`` part, while this
+        refers to the name of the project.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name identifying this requirement in the resolver.
+
+        This is different from ``project_name`` if this requirement contains
+        extras, where ``project_name`` would not contain the ``[...]`` part.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
+
+
+def _match_link(link: Link, candidate: "Candidate") -> bool:
+    if candidate.source_link:
+        return links_equivalent(link, candidate.source_link)
+    return False
+
+
+class Candidate:
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The "project name" of the candidate.
+
+        This is different from ``name`` if this candidate contains extras,
+        in which case ``name`` would contain the ``[...]`` part, while this
+        refers to the name of the project.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The name identifying this candidate in the resolver.
+
+        This is different from ``project_name`` if this candidate contains
+        extras, where ``project_name`` would not contain the ``[...]`` part.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def is_installed(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclass should override")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4125cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+import logging
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, FrozenSet, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    HashError,
+    InstallationSubprocessError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+)
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link, links_equivalent
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_from_editable,
+    install_req_from_line,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.direct_url_helpers import direct_url_from_link
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import normalize_version_info
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateVersion, Requirement, format_name
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .factory import Factory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+BaseCandidate = Union[
+    "AlreadyInstalledCandidate",
+    "EditableCandidate",
+    "LinkCandidate",
+]
+
+# Avoid conflicting with the PyPI package "Python".
+REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER = cast(NormalizedName, "<Python from Requires-Python>")
+
+
+def as_base_candidate(candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+    """The runtime version of BaseCandidate."""
+    base_candidate_classes = (
+        AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+        EditableCandidate,
+        LinkCandidate,
+    )
+    if isinstance(candidate, base_candidate_classes):
+        return candidate
+    return None
+
+
+def make_install_req_from_link(
+    link: Link, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    assert not template.editable, "template is editable"
+    if template.req:
+        line = str(template.req)
+    else:
+        line = link.url
+    ireq = install_req_from_line(
+        line,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.original_link = template.original_link
+    ireq.link = link
+    ireq.extras = template.extras
+    return ireq
+
+
+def make_install_req_from_editable(
+    link: Link, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    assert template.editable, "template not editable"
+    ireq = install_req_from_editable(
+        link.url,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        permit_editable_wheels=template.permit_editable_wheels,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.extras = template.extras
+    return ireq
+
+
+def _make_install_req_from_dist(
+    dist: BaseDistribution, template: InstallRequirement
+) -> InstallRequirement:
+    if template.req:
+        line = str(template.req)
+    elif template.link:
+        line = f"{dist.canonical_name} @ {template.link.url}"
+    else:
+        line = f"{dist.canonical_name}=={dist.version}"
+    ireq = install_req_from_line(
+        line,
+        user_supplied=template.user_supplied,
+        comes_from=template.comes_from,
+        use_pep517=template.use_pep517,
+        isolated=template.isolated,
+        constraint=template.constraint,
+        global_options=template.global_options,
+        hash_options=template.hash_options,
+        config_settings=template.config_settings,
+    )
+    ireq.satisfied_by = dist
+    return ireq
+
+
+class _InstallRequirementBackedCandidate(Candidate):
+    """A candidate backed by an ``InstallRequirement``.
+
+    This represents a package request with the target not being already
+    in the environment, and needs to be fetched and installed. The backing
+    ``InstallRequirement`` is responsible for most of the leg work; this
+    class exposes appropriate information to the resolver.
+
+    :param link: The link passed to the ``InstallRequirement``. The backing
+        ``InstallRequirement`` will use this link to fetch the distribution.
+    :param source_link: The link this candidate "originates" from. This is
+        different from ``link`` when the link is found in the wheel cache.
+        ``link`` would point to the wheel cache, while this points to the
+        found remote link (e.g. from pypi.org).
+    """
+
+    dist: BaseDistribution
+    is_installed = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        source_link: Link,
+        ireq: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._link = link
+        self._source_link = source_link
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._ireq = ireq
+        self._name = name
+        self._version = version
+        self.dist = self._prepare()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name} {self.version}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._link)!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self._link))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return links_equivalent(self._link, other._link)
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self._source_link
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        """The normalised name of the project the candidate refers to"""
+        if self._name is None:
+            self._name = self.dist.canonical_name
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        if self._version is None:
+            self._version = self.dist.version
+        return self._version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return "{} {} (from {})".format(
+            self.name,
+            self.version,
+            self._link.file_path if self._link.is_file else self._link,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclass")
+
+    def _check_metadata_consistency(self, dist: BaseDistribution) -> None:
+        """Check for consistency of project name and version of dist."""
+        if self._name is not None and self._name != dist.canonical_name:
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                self._ireq,
+                "name",
+                self._name,
+                dist.canonical_name,
+            )
+        if self._version is not None and self._version != dist.version:
+            raise MetadataInconsistent(
+                self._ireq,
+                "version",
+                str(self._version),
+                str(dist.version),
+            )
+
+    def _prepare(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        try:
+            dist = self._prepare_distribution()
+        except HashError as e:
+            # Provide HashError the underlying ireq that caused it. This
+            # provides context for the resulting error message to show the
+            # offending line to the user.
+            e.req = self._ireq
+            raise
+        except InstallationSubprocessError as exc:
+            # The output has been presented already, so don't duplicate it.
+            exc.context = "See above for output."
+            raise
+
+        self._check_metadata_consistency(dist)
+        return dist
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        requires = self.dist.iter_dependencies() if with_requires else ()
+        for r in requires:
+            yield from self._factory.make_requirements_from_spec(str(r), self._ireq)
+        yield self._factory.make_requires_python_requirement(self.dist.requires_python)
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return self._ireq
+
+
+class LinkCandidate(_InstallRequirementBackedCandidate):
+    is_editable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        source_link = link
+        cache_entry = factory.get_wheel_cache_entry(source_link, name)
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            logger.debug("Using cached wheel link: %s", cache_entry.link)
+            link = cache_entry.link
+        ireq = make_install_req_from_link(link, template)
+        assert ireq.link == link
+        if ireq.link.is_wheel and not ireq.link.is_file:
+            wheel = Wheel(ireq.link.filename)
+            wheel_name = canonicalize_name(wheel.name)
+            assert name == wheel_name, f"{name!r} != {wheel_name!r} for wheel"
+            # Version may not be present for PEP 508 direct URLs
+            if version is not None:
+                wheel_version = Version(wheel.version)
+                assert version == wheel_version, "{!r} != {!r} for wheel {}".format(
+                    version, wheel_version, name
+                )
+
+        if cache_entry is not None:
+            assert ireq.link.is_wheel
+            assert ireq.link.is_file
+            if cache_entry.persistent and template.link is template.original_link:
+                ireq.cached_wheel_source_link = source_link
+            if cache_entry.origin is not None:
+                ireq.download_info = cache_entry.origin
+            else:
+                # Legacy cache entry that does not have origin.json.
+                # download_info may miss the archive_info.hashes field.
+                ireq.download_info = direct_url_from_link(
+                    source_link, link_is_in_wheel_cache=cache_entry.persistent
+                )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            link=link,
+            source_link=source_link,
+            ireq=ireq,
+            factory=factory,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        preparer = self._factory.preparer
+        return preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(self._ireq, parallel_builds=True)
+
+
+class EditableCandidate(_InstallRequirementBackedCandidate):
+    is_editable = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName] = None,
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            link=link,
+            source_link=link,
+            ireq=make_install_req_from_editable(link, template),
+            factory=factory,
+            name=name,
+            version=version,
+        )
+
+    def _prepare_distribution(self) -> BaseDistribution:
+        return self._factory.preparer.prepare_editable_requirement(self._ireq)
+
+
+class AlreadyInstalledCandidate(Candidate):
+    is_installed = True
+    source_link = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        factory: "Factory",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.dist = dist
+        self._ireq = _make_install_req_from_dist(dist, template)
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._version = None
+
+        # This is just logging some messages, so we can do it eagerly.
+        # The returned dist would be exactly the same as self.dist because we
+        # set satisfied_by in _make_install_req_from_dist.
+        # TODO: Supply reason based on force_reinstall and upgrade_strategy.
+        skip_reason = "already satisfied"
+        factory.preparer.prepare_installed_requirement(self._ireq, skip_reason)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.dist)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.dist!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.__class__, self.name, self.version))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return self.name == other.name and self.version == other.version
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self.dist.canonical_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        if self._version is None:
+            self._version = self.dist.version
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dist.editable
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name} {self.version} (Installed)"
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        if not with_requires:
+            return
+        for r in self.dist.iter_dependencies():
+            yield from self._factory.make_requirements_from_spec(str(r), self._ireq)
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return None
+
+
+class ExtrasCandidate(Candidate):
+    """A candidate that has 'extras', indicating additional dependencies.
+
+    Requirements can be for a project with dependencies, something like
+    foo[extra].  The extras don't affect the project/version being installed
+    directly, but indicate that we need additional dependencies. We model that
+    by having an artificial ExtrasCandidate that wraps the "base" candidate.
+
+    The ExtrasCandidate differs from the base in the following ways:
+
+    1. It has a unique name, of the form foo[extra]. This causes the resolver
+       to treat it as a separate node in the dependency graph.
+    2. When we're getting the candidate's dependencies,
+       a) We specify that we want the extra dependencies as well.
+       b) We add a dependency on the base candidate.
+          See below for why this is needed.
+    3. We return None for the underlying InstallRequirement, as the base
+       candidate will provide it, and we don't want to end up with duplicates.
+
+    The dependency on the base candidate is needed so that the resolver can't
+    decide that it should recommend foo[extra1] version 1.0 and foo[extra2]
+    version 2.0. Having those candidates depend on foo=1.0 and foo=2.0
+    respectively forces the resolver to recognise that this is a conflict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param comes_from: the InstallRequirement that led to this candidate if it
+            differs from the base's InstallRequirement. This will often be the
+            case in the sense that this candidate's requirement has the extras
+            while the base's does not. Unlike the InstallRequirement backed
+            candidates, this requirement is used solely for reporting purposes,
+            it does not do any leg work.
+        """
+        self.base = base
+        self.extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras)
+        # If any extras are requested in their non-normalized forms, keep track
+        # of their raw values. This is needed when we look up dependencies
+        # since PEP 685 has not been implemented for marker-matching, and using
+        # the non-normalized extra for lookup ensures the user can select a
+        # non-normalized extra in a package with its non-normalized form.
+        # TODO: Remove this attribute when packaging is upgraded to support the
+        # marker comparison logic specified in PEP 685.
+        self._unnormalized_extras = extras.difference(self.extras)
+        self._comes_from = comes_from if comes_from is not None else self.base._ireq
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        name, rest = str(self.base).split(" ", 1)
+        return "{}[{}] {}".format(name, ",".join(self.extras), rest)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(base={self.base!r}, extras={self.extras!r})"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash((self.base, self.extras))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return self.base == other.base and self.extras == other.extras
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self.base.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """The normalised name of the project the candidate refers to"""
+        return format_name(self.base.project_name, self.extras)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        return self.base.version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return "{} [{}]".format(
+            self.base.format_for_error(), ", ".join(sorted(self.extras))
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_installed(self) -> bool:
+        return self.base.is_installed
+
+    @property
+    def is_editable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.base.is_editable
+
+    @property
+    def source_link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
+        return self.base.source_link
+
+    def _warn_invalid_extras(
+        self,
+        requested: FrozenSet[str],
+        valid: FrozenSet[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Emit warnings for invalid extras being requested.
+
+        This emits a warning for each requested extra that is not in the
+        candidate's ``Provides-Extra`` list.
+        """
+        invalid_extras_to_warn = frozenset(
+            extra
+            for extra in requested
+            if extra not in valid
+            # If an extra is requested in an unnormalized form, skip warning
+            # about the normalized form being missing.
+            and extra in self.extras
+        )
+        if not invalid_extras_to_warn:
+            return
+        for extra in sorted(invalid_extras_to_warn):
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s %s does not provide the extra '%s'",
+                self.base.name,
+                self.version,
+                extra,
+            )
+
+    def _calculate_valid_requested_extras(self) -> FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Get a list of valid extras requested by this candidate.
+
+        The user (or upstream dependant) may have specified extras that the
+        candidate doesn't support. Any unsupported extras are dropped, and each
+        cause a warning to be logged here.
+        """
+        requested_extras = self.extras.union(self._unnormalized_extras)
+        valid_extras = frozenset(
+            extra
+            for extra in requested_extras
+            if self.base.dist.is_extra_provided(extra)
+        )
+        self._warn_invalid_extras(requested_extras, valid_extras)
+        return valid_extras
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        factory = self.base._factory
+
+        # Add a dependency on the exact base
+        # (See note 2b in the class docstring)
+        yield factory.make_requirement_from_candidate(self.base)
+        if not with_requires:
+            return
+
+        valid_extras = self._calculate_valid_requested_extras()
+        for r in self.base.dist.iter_dependencies(valid_extras):
+            yield from factory.make_requirements_from_spec(
+                str(r),
+                self._comes_from,
+                valid_extras,
+            )
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        # We don't return anything here, because we always
+        # depend on the base candidate, and we'll get the
+        # install requirement from that.
+        return None
+
+
+class RequiresPythonCandidate(Candidate):
+    is_installed = False
+    source_link = None
+
+    def __init__(self, py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]) -> None:
+        if py_version_info is not None:
+            version_info = normalize_version_info(py_version_info)
+        else:
+            version_info = sys.version_info[:3]
+        self._version = Version(".".join(str(c) for c in version_info))
+
+    # We don't need to implement __eq__() and __ne__() since there is always
+    # only one RequiresPythonCandidate in a resolution, i.e. the host Python.
+    # The built-in object.__eq__() and object.__ne__() do exactly what we want.
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self._version}"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> CandidateVersion:
+        return self._version
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self.version}"
+
+    def iter_dependencies(self, with_requires: bool) -> Iterable[Optional[Requirement]]:
+        return ()
+
+    def get_install_requirement(self) -> Optional[InstallRequirement]:
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4adeb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import ResolutionImpossible
+
+from pip._internal.cache import CacheEntry, WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import (
+    DistributionNotFound,
+    InstallationError,
+    MetadataInconsistent,
+    UnsupportedPythonVersion,
+    UnsupportedWheel,
+)
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import BaseDistribution, get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import (
+    install_req_drop_extras,
+    install_req_from_link_and_ireq,
+)
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import (
+    InstallRequirement,
+    check_invalid_constraint_type,
+)
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.utils.compatibility_tags import get_supported
+from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateVersion, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import (
+    AlreadyInstalledCandidate,
+    BaseCandidate,
+    EditableCandidate,
+    ExtrasCandidate,
+    LinkCandidate,
+    RequiresPythonCandidate,
+    as_base_candidate,
+)
+from .found_candidates import FoundCandidates, IndexCandidateInfo
+from .requirements import (
+    ExplicitRequirement,
+    RequiresPythonRequirement,
+    SpecifierRequirement,
+    SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement,
+    UnsatisfiableRequirement,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    class ConflictCause(Protocol):
+        requirement: RequiresPythonRequirement
+        parent: Candidate
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+C = TypeVar("C")
+Cache = Dict[Link, C]
+
+
+class CollectedRootRequirements(NamedTuple):
+    requirements: List[Requirement]
+    constraints: Dict[str, Constraint]
+    user_requested: Dict[str, int]
+
+
+class Factory:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._finder = finder
+        self.preparer = preparer
+        self._wheel_cache = wheel_cache
+        self._python_candidate = RequiresPythonCandidate(py_version_info)
+        self._make_install_req_from_spec = make_install_req
+        self._use_user_site = use_user_site
+        self._force_reinstall = force_reinstall
+        self._ignore_requires_python = ignore_requires_python
+
+        self._build_failures: Cache[InstallationError] = {}
+        self._link_candidate_cache: Cache[LinkCandidate] = {}
+        self._editable_candidate_cache: Cache[EditableCandidate] = {}
+        self._installed_candidate_cache: Dict[str, AlreadyInstalledCandidate] = {}
+        self._extras_candidate_cache: Dict[
+            Tuple[int, FrozenSet[NormalizedName]], ExtrasCandidate
+        ] = {}
+
+        if not ignore_installed:
+            env = get_default_environment()
+            self._installed_dists = {
+                dist.canonical_name: dist
+                for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False)
+            }
+        else:
+            self._installed_dists = {}
+
+    @property
+    def force_reinstall(self) -> bool:
+        return self._force_reinstall
+
+    def _fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(self, link: Link) -> None:
+        if not link.is_wheel:
+            return
+        wheel = Wheel(link.filename)
+        if wheel.supported(self._finder.target_python.get_unsorted_tags()):
+            return
+        msg = f"{link.filename} is not a supported wheel on this platform."
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+
+    def _make_extras_candidate(
+        self,
+        base: BaseCandidate,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        *,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement] = None,
+    ) -> ExtrasCandidate:
+        cache_key = (id(base), frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in extras))
+        try:
+            candidate = self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key]
+        except KeyError:
+            candidate = ExtrasCandidate(base, extras, comes_from=comes_from)
+            self._extras_candidate_cache[cache_key] = candidate
+        return candidate
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_dist(
+        self,
+        dist: BaseDistribution,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Candidate:
+        try:
+            base = self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            base = AlreadyInstalledCandidate(dist, template, factory=self)
+            self._installed_candidate_cache[dist.canonical_name] = base
+        if not extras:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion],
+    ) -> Optional[Candidate]:
+        base: Optional[BaseCandidate] = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+            link, template, name, version
+        )
+        if not extras or base is None:
+            return base
+        return self._make_extras_candidate(base, extras, comes_from=template)
+
+    def _make_base_candidate_from_link(
+        self,
+        link: Link,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+        name: Optional[NormalizedName],
+        version: Optional[CandidateVersion],
+    ) -> Optional[BaseCandidate]:
+        # TODO: Check already installed candidate, and use it if the link and
+        # editable flag match.
+
+        if link in self._build_failures:
+            # We already tried this candidate before, and it does not build.
+            # Don't bother trying again.
+            return None
+
+        if template.editable:
+            if link not in self._editable_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._editable_candidate_cache[link] = EditableCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+
+            return self._editable_candidate_cache[link]
+        else:
+            if link not in self._link_candidate_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate(
+                        link,
+                        template,
+                        factory=self,
+                        name=name,
+                        version=version,
+                    )
+                except MetadataInconsistent as e:
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Discarding [blue underline]%s[/]: [yellow]%s[reset]",
+                        link,
+                        e,
+                        extra={"markup": True},
+                    )
+                    self._build_failures[link] = e
+                    return None
+            return self._link_candidate_cache[link]
+
+    def _iter_found_candidates(
+        self,
+        ireqs: Sequence[InstallRequirement],
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+        hashes: Hashes,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        if not ireqs:
+            return ()
+
+        # The InstallRequirement implementation requires us to give it a
+        # "template". Here we just choose the first requirement to represent
+        # all of them.
+        # Hopefully the Project model can correct this mismatch in the future.
+        template = ireqs[0]
+        assert template.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+        name = canonicalize_name(template.req.name)
+
+        extras: FrozenSet[str] = frozenset()
+        for ireq in ireqs:
+            assert ireq.req, "Candidates found on index must be PEP 508"
+            specifier &= ireq.req.specifier
+            hashes &= ireq.hashes(trust_internet=False)
+            extras |= frozenset(ireq.extras)
+
+        def _get_installed_candidate() -> Optional[Candidate]:
+            """Get the candidate for the currently-installed version."""
+            # If --force-reinstall is set, we want the version from the index
+            # instead, so we "pretend" there is nothing installed.
+            if self._force_reinstall:
+                return None
+            try:
+                installed_dist = self._installed_dists[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                return None
+            # Don't use the installed distribution if its version does not fit
+            # the current dependency graph.
+            if not specifier.contains(installed_dist.version, prereleases=True):
+                return None
+            candidate = self._make_candidate_from_dist(
+                dist=installed_dist,
+                extras=extras,
+                template=template,
+            )
+            # The candidate is a known incompatibility. Don't use it.
+            if id(candidate) in incompatible_ids:
+                return None
+            return candidate
+
+        def iter_index_candidate_infos() -> Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]:
+            result = self._finder.find_best_candidate(
+                project_name=name,
+                specifier=specifier,
+                hashes=hashes,
+            )
+            icans = list(result.iter_applicable())
+
+            # PEP 592: Yanked releases are ignored unless the specifier
+            # explicitly pins a version (via '==' or '===') that can be
+            # solely satisfied by a yanked release.
+            all_yanked = all(ican.link.is_yanked for ican in icans)
+
+            def is_pinned(specifier: SpecifierSet) -> bool:
+                for sp in specifier:
+                    if sp.operator == "===":
+                        return True
+                    if sp.operator != "==":
+                        continue
+                    if sp.version.endswith(".*"):
+                        continue
+                    return True
+                return False
+
+            pinned = is_pinned(specifier)
+
+            # PackageFinder returns earlier versions first, so we reverse.
+            for ican in reversed(icans):
+                if not (all_yanked and pinned) and ican.link.is_yanked:
+                    continue
+                func = functools.partial(
+                    self._make_candidate_from_link,
+                    link=ican.link,
+                    extras=extras,
+                    template=template,
+                    name=name,
+                    version=ican.version,
+                )
+                yield ican.version, func
+
+        return FoundCandidates(
+            iter_index_candidate_infos,
+            _get_installed_candidate(),
+            prefers_installed,
+            incompatible_ids,
+        )
+
+    def _iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+        self,
+        base_requirements: Iterable[Requirement],
+        extras: FrozenSet[str],
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from the base given an extra-ed package.
+
+        :param base_requirements: Requirements known to the resolver. The
+            requirements are guaranteed to not have extras.
+        :param extras: The extras to inject into the explicit requirements'
+            candidates.
+        """
+        for req in base_requirements:
+            lookup_cand, _ = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if lookup_cand is None:  # Not explicit.
+                continue
+            # We've stripped extras from the identifier, and should always
+            # get a BaseCandidate here, unless there's a bug elsewhere.
+            base_cand = as_base_candidate(lookup_cand)
+            assert base_cand is not None, "no extras here"
+            yield self._make_extras_candidate(base_cand, extras)
+
+    def _iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        template: InstallRequirement,
+    ) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        """Produce explicit candidates from constraints.
+
+        This creates "fake" InstallRequirement objects that are basically clones
+        of what "should" be the template, but with original_link set to link.
+        """
+        for link in constraint.links:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(link)
+            candidate = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                link,
+                template=install_req_from_link_and_ireq(link, template),
+                name=canonicalize_name(identifier),
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if candidate:
+                yield candidate
+
+    def find_candidates(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterable[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        constraint: Constraint,
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        # Collect basic lookup information from the requirements.
+        explicit_candidates: Set[Candidate] = set()
+        ireqs: List[InstallRequirement] = []
+        for req in requirements[identifier]:
+            cand, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+            if cand is not None:
+                explicit_candidates.add(cand)
+            if ireq is not None:
+                ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # If the current identifier contains extras, add requires and explicit
+        # candidates from entries from extra-less identifier.
+        with contextlib.suppress(InvalidRequirement):
+            parsed_requirement = get_requirement(identifier)
+            if parsed_requirement.name != identifier:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_explicit_candidates_from_base(
+                        requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, ()),
+                        frozenset(parsed_requirement.extras),
+                    ),
+                )
+                for req in requirements.get(parsed_requirement.name, []):
+                    _, ireq = req.get_candidate_lookup()
+                    if ireq is not None:
+                        ireqs.append(ireq)
+
+        # Add explicit candidates from constraints. We only do this if there are
+        # known ireqs, which represent requirements not already explicit. If
+        # there are no ireqs, we're constraining already-explicit requirements,
+        # which is handled later when we return the explicit candidates.
+        if ireqs:
+            try:
+                explicit_candidates.update(
+                    self._iter_candidates_from_constraints(
+                        identifier,
+                        constraint,
+                        template=ireqs[0],
+                    ),
+                )
+            except UnsupportedWheel:
+                # If we're constrained to install a wheel incompatible with the
+                # target architecture, no candidates will ever be valid.
+                return ()
+
+        # Since we cache all the candidates, incompatibility identification
+        # can be made quicker by comparing only the id() values.
+        incompat_ids = {id(c) for c in incompatibilities.get(identifier, ())}
+
+        # If none of the requirements want an explicit candidate, we can ask
+        # the finder for candidates.
+        if not explicit_candidates:
+            return self._iter_found_candidates(
+                ireqs,
+                constraint.specifier,
+                constraint.hashes,
+                prefers_installed,
+                incompat_ids,
+            )
+
+        return (
+            c
+            for c in explicit_candidates
+            if id(c) not in incompat_ids
+            and constraint.is_satisfied_by(c)
+            and all(req.is_satisfied_by(c) for req in requirements[identifier])
+        )
+
+    def _make_requirements_from_install_req(
+        self, ireq: InstallRequirement, requested_extras: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given InstallRequirement. In
+        most cases this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the InstallRequirement has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the InstallRequirement has both a constraint (or link) and extras
+                -> result is split in two requirement objects: one with the constraint
+                (or link) and one with the extra. This allows centralized constraint
+                handling for the base, resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        if not ireq.match_markers(requested_extras):
+            logger.info(
+                "Ignoring %s: markers '%s' don't match your environment",
+                ireq.name,
+                ireq.markers,
+            )
+        elif not ireq.link:
+            if ireq.extras and ireq.req is not None and ireq.req.specifier:
+                yield SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(ireq)
+            yield SpecifierRequirement(ireq)
+        else:
+            self._fail_if_link_is_unsupported_wheel(ireq.link)
+            # Always make the link candidate for the base requirement to make it
+            # available to `find_candidates` for explicit candidate lookup for any
+            # set of extras.
+            # The extras are required separately via a second requirement.
+            cand = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
+                ireq.link,
+                template=install_req_drop_extras(ireq) if ireq.extras else ireq,
+                name=canonicalize_name(ireq.name) if ireq.name else None,
+                version=None,
+            )
+            if cand is None:
+                # There's no way we can satisfy a URL requirement if the underlying
+                # candidate fails to build. An unnamed URL must be user-supplied, so
+                # we fail eagerly. If the URL is named, an unsatisfiable requirement
+                # can make the resolver do the right thing, either backtrack (and
+                # maybe find some other requirement that's buildable) or raise a
+                # ResolutionImpossible eventually.
+                if not ireq.name:
+                    raise self._build_failures[ireq.link]
+                yield UnsatisfiableRequirement(canonicalize_name(ireq.name))
+            else:
+                # require the base from the link
+                yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(cand)
+                if ireq.extras:
+                    # require the extras on top of the base candidate
+                    yield self.make_requirement_from_candidate(
+                        self._make_extras_candidate(cand, frozenset(ireq.extras))
+                    )
+
+    def collect_root_requirements(
+        self, root_ireqs: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> CollectedRootRequirements:
+        collected = CollectedRootRequirements([], {}, {})
+        for i, ireq in enumerate(root_ireqs):
+            if ireq.constraint:
+                # Ensure we only accept valid constraints
+                problem = check_invalid_constraint_type(ireq)
+                if problem:
+                    raise InstallationError(problem)
+                if not ireq.match_markers():
+                    continue
+                assert ireq.name, "Constraint must be named"
+                name = canonicalize_name(ireq.name)
+                if name in collected.constraints:
+                    collected.constraints[name] &= ireq
+                else:
+                    collected.constraints[name] = Constraint.from_ireq(ireq)
+            else:
+                reqs = list(
+                    self._make_requirements_from_install_req(
+                        ireq,
+                        requested_extras=(),
+                    )
+                )
+                if not reqs:
+                    continue
+                template = reqs[0]
+                if ireq.user_supplied and template.name not in collected.user_requested:
+                    collected.user_requested[template.name] = i
+                collected.requirements.extend(reqs)
+        # Put requirements with extras at the end of the root requires. This does not
+        # affect resolvelib's picking preference but it does affect its initial criteria
+        # population: by putting extras at the end we enable the candidate finder to
+        # present resolvelib with a smaller set of candidates to resolvelib, already
+        # taking into account any non-transient constraints on the associated base. This
+        # means resolvelib will have fewer candidates to visit and reject.
+        # Python's list sort is stable, meaning relative order is kept for objects with
+        # the same key.
+        collected.requirements.sort(key=lambda r: r.name != r.project_name)
+        return collected
+
+    def make_requirement_from_candidate(
+        self, candidate: Candidate
+    ) -> ExplicitRequirement:
+        return ExplicitRequirement(candidate)
+
+    def make_requirements_from_spec(
+        self,
+        specifier: str,
+        comes_from: Optional[InstallRequirement],
+        requested_extras: Iterable[str] = (),
+    ) -> Iterator[Requirement]:
+        """
+        Returns requirement objects associated with the given specifier. In most cases
+        this will be a single object but the following special cases exist:
+            - the specifier has markers that do not apply -> result is empty
+            - the specifier has both a constraint and extras -> result is split
+                in two requirement objects: one with the constraint and one with the
+                extra. This allows centralized constraint handling for the base,
+                resulting in fewer candidate rejections.
+        """
+        ireq = self._make_install_req_from_spec(specifier, comes_from)
+        return self._make_requirements_from_install_req(ireq, requested_extras)
+
+    def make_requires_python_requirement(
+        self,
+        specifier: SpecifierSet,
+    ) -> Optional[Requirement]:
+        if self._ignore_requires_python:
+            return None
+        # Don't bother creating a dependency for an empty Requires-Python.
+        if not str(specifier):
+            return None
+        return RequiresPythonRequirement(specifier, self._python_candidate)
+
+    def get_wheel_cache_entry(
+        self, link: Link, name: Optional[str]
+    ) -> Optional[CacheEntry]:
+        """Look up the link in the wheel cache.
+
+        If ``preparer.require_hashes`` is True, don't use the wheel cache,
+        because cached wheels, always built locally, have different hashes
+        than the files downloaded from the index server and thus throw false
+        hash mismatches. Furthermore, cached wheels at present have
+        nondeterministic contents due to file modification times.
+        """
+        if self._wheel_cache is None:
+            return None
+        return self._wheel_cache.get_cache_entry(
+            link=link,
+            package_name=name,
+            supported_tags=get_supported(),
+        )
+
+    def get_dist_to_uninstall(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Optional[BaseDistribution]:
+        # TODO: Are there more cases this needs to return True? Editable?
+        dist = self._installed_dists.get(candidate.project_name)
+        if dist is None:  # Not installed, no uninstallation required.
+            return None
+
+        # We're installing into global site. The current installation must
+        # be uninstalled, no matter it's in global or user site, because the
+        # user site installation has precedence over global.
+        if not self._use_user_site:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site. Remove the user site installation.
+        if dist.in_usersite:
+            return dist
+
+        # We're installing into user site, but the installed incompatible
+        # package is in global site. We can't uninstall that, and would let
+        # the new user installation to "shadow" it. But shadowing won't work
+        # in virtual environments, so we error out.
+        if running_under_virtualenv() and dist.in_site_packages:
+            message = (
+                f"Will not install to the user site because it will lack "
+                f"sys.path precedence to {dist.raw_name} in {dist.location}"
+            )
+            raise InstallationError(message)
+        return None
+
+    def _report_requires_python_error(
+        self, causes: Sequence["ConflictCause"]
+    ) -> UnsupportedPythonVersion:
+        assert causes, "Requires-Python error reported with no cause"
+
+        version = self._python_candidate.version
+
+        if len(causes) == 1:
+            specifier = str(causes[0].requirement.specifier)
+            message = (
+                f"Package {causes[0].parent.name!r} requires a different "
+                f"Python: {version} not in {specifier!r}"
+            )
+            return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+        message = f"Packages require a different Python. {version} not in:"
+        for cause in causes:
+            package = cause.parent.format_for_error()
+            specifier = str(cause.requirement.specifier)
+            message += f"\n{specifier!r} (required by {package})"
+        return UnsupportedPythonVersion(message)
+
+    def _report_single_requirement_conflict(
+        self, req: Requirement, parent: Optional[Candidate]
+    ) -> DistributionNotFound:
+        if parent is None:
+            req_disp = str(req)
+        else:
+            req_disp = f"{req} (from {parent.name})"
+
+        cands = self._finder.find_all_candidates(req.project_name)
+        skipped_by_requires_python = self._finder.requires_python_skipped_reasons()
+
+        versions_set: Set[CandidateVersion] = set()
+        yanked_versions_set: Set[CandidateVersion] = set()
+        for c in cands:
+            is_yanked = c.link.is_yanked if c.link else False
+            if is_yanked:
+                yanked_versions_set.add(c.version)
+            else:
+                versions_set.add(c.version)
+
+        versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(versions_set)]
+        yanked_versions = [str(v) for v in sorted(yanked_versions_set)]
+
+        if yanked_versions:
+            # Saying "version X is yanked" isn't entirely accurate.
+            # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/11745#issuecomment-1402805842
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following yanked versions: %s",
+                ", ".join(yanked_versions) or "none",
+            )
+        if skipped_by_requires_python:
+            logger.critical(
+                "Ignored the following versions that require a different python "
+                "version: %s",
+                "; ".join(skipped_by_requires_python) or "none",
+            )
+        logger.critical(
+            "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement %s "
+            "(from versions: %s)",
+            req_disp,
+            ", ".join(versions) or "none",
+        )
+        if str(req) == "requirements.txt":
+            logger.info(
+                "HINT: You are attempting to install a package literally "
+                'named "requirements.txt" (which cannot exist). Consider '
+                "using the '-r' flag to install the packages listed in "
+                "requirements.txt"
+            )
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(f"No matching distribution found for {req}")
+
+    def get_installation_error(
+        self,
+        e: "ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]",
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+    ) -> InstallationError:
+        assert e.causes, "Installation error reported with no cause"
+
+        # If one of the things we can't solve is "we need Python X.Y",
+        # that is what we report.
+        requires_python_causes = [
+            cause
+            for cause in e.causes
+            if isinstance(cause.requirement, RequiresPythonRequirement)
+            and not cause.requirement.is_satisfied_by(self._python_candidate)
+        ]
+        if requires_python_causes:
+            # The comprehension above makes sure all Requirement instances are
+            # RequiresPythonRequirement, so let's cast for convenience.
+            return self._report_requires_python_error(
+                cast("Sequence[ConflictCause]", requires_python_causes),
+            )
+
+        # Otherwise, we have a set of causes which can't all be satisfied
+        # at once.
+
+        # The simplest case is when we have *one* cause that can't be
+        # satisfied. We just report that case.
+        if len(e.causes) == 1:
+            req, parent = e.causes[0]
+            if req.name not in constraints:
+                return self._report_single_requirement_conflict(req, parent)
+
+        # OK, we now have a list of requirements that can't all be
+        # satisfied at once.
+
+        # A couple of formatting helpers
+        def text_join(parts: List[str]) -> str:
+            if len(parts) == 1:
+                return parts[0]
+
+            return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+        def describe_trigger(parent: Candidate) -> str:
+            ireq = parent.get_install_requirement()
+            if not ireq or not ireq.comes_from:
+                return f"{parent.name}=={parent.version}"
+            if isinstance(ireq.comes_from, InstallRequirement):
+                return str(ireq.comes_from.name)
+            return str(ireq.comes_from)
+
+        triggers = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if parent is None:
+                # This is a root requirement, so we can report it directly
+                trigger = req.format_for_error()
+            else:
+                trigger = describe_trigger(parent)
+            triggers.add(trigger)
+
+        if triggers:
+            info = text_join(sorted(triggers))
+        else:
+            info = "the requested packages"
+
+        msg = (
+            f"Cannot install {info} because these package versions "
+            "have conflicting dependencies."
+        )
+        logger.critical(msg)
+        msg = "\nThe conflict is caused by:"
+
+        relevant_constraints = set()
+        for req, parent in e.causes:
+            if req.name in constraints:
+                relevant_constraints.add(req.name)
+            msg = msg + "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg = msg + f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg = msg + "The user requested "
+            msg = msg + req.format_for_error()
+        for key in relevant_constraints:
+            spec = constraints[key].specifier
+            msg += f"\n    The user requested (constraint) {key}{spec}"
+
+        msg = (
+            msg
+            + "\n\n"
+            + "To fix this you could try to:\n"
+            + "1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified\n"
+            + "2. remove package versions to allow pip attempt to solve "
+            + "the dependency conflict\n"
+        )
+
+        logger.info(msg)
+
+        return DistributionNotFound(
+            "ResolutionImpossible: for help visit "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/topics/dependency-resolution/"
+            "#dealing-with-dependency-conflicts"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8663097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""Utilities to lazily create and visit candidates found.
+
+Creating and visiting a candidate is a *very* costly operation. It involves
+fetching, extracting, potentially building modules from source, and verifying
+distribution metadata. It is therefore crucial for performance to keep
+everything here lazy all the way down, so we only touch candidates that we
+absolutely need, and not "download the world" when we only need one version of
+something.
+"""
+
+import functools
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, Set, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import _BaseVersion
+
+from .base import Candidate
+
+IndexCandidateInfo = Tuple[_BaseVersion, Callable[[], Optional[Candidate]]]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SequenceCandidate = Sequence[Candidate]
+else:
+    # For compatibility: Python before 3.9 does not support using [] on the
+    # Sequence class.
+    #
+    # >>> from collections.abc import Sequence
+    # >>> Sequence[str]
+    # Traceback (most recent call last):
+    #   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    # TypeError: 'ABCMeta' object is not subscriptable
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove this block after dropping Python 3.8 support.
+    SequenceCandidate = Sequence
+
+
+def _iter_built(infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the package is not already installed. Candidates
+    from index come later in their normal ordering.
+    """
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = set()
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+
+def _iter_built_with_prepended(
+    installed: Candidate, infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]
+) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the resolver prefers the already-installed
+    candidate and NOT to upgrade. The installed candidate is therefore
+    always yielded first, and candidates from index come later in their
+    normal ordering, except skipped when the version is already installed.
+    """
+    yield installed
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = {installed.version}
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+
+def _iter_built_with_inserted(
+    installed: Candidate, infos: Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]
+) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+    """Iterator for ``FoundCandidates``.
+
+    This iterator is used when the resolver prefers to upgrade an
+    already-installed package. Candidates from index are returned in their
+    normal ordering, except replaced when the version is already installed.
+
+    The implementation iterates through and yields other candidates, inserting
+    the installed candidate exactly once before we start yielding older or
+    equivalent candidates, or after all other candidates if they are all newer.
+    """
+    versions_found: Set[_BaseVersion] = set()
+    for version, func in infos:
+        if version in versions_found:
+            continue
+        # If the installed candidate is better, yield it first.
+        if installed.version >= version:
+            yield installed
+            versions_found.add(installed.version)
+        candidate = func()
+        if candidate is None:
+            continue
+        yield candidate
+        versions_found.add(version)
+
+    # If the installed candidate is older than all other candidates.
+    if installed.version not in versions_found:
+        yield installed
+
+
+class FoundCandidates(SequenceCandidate):
+    """A lazy sequence to provide candidates to the resolver.
+
+    The intended usage is to return this from `find_matches()` so the resolver
+    can iterate through the sequence multiple times, but only access the index
+    page when remote packages are actually needed. This improve performances
+    when suitable candidates are already installed on disk.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        get_infos: Callable[[], Iterator[IndexCandidateInfo]],
+        installed: Optional[Candidate],
+        prefers_installed: bool,
+        incompatible_ids: Set[int],
+    ):
+        self._get_infos = get_infos
+        self._installed = installed
+        self._prefers_installed = prefers_installed
+        self._incompatible_ids = incompatible_ids
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Any) -> Any:
+        # Implemented to satisfy the ABC check. This is not needed by the
+        # resolver, and should not be used by the provider either (for
+        # performance reasons).
+        raise NotImplementedError("don't do this")
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Candidate]:
+        infos = self._get_infos()
+        if not self._installed:
+            iterator = _iter_built(infos)
+        elif self._prefers_installed:
+            iterator = _iter_built_with_prepended(self._installed, infos)
+        else:
+            iterator = _iter_built_with_inserted(self._installed, infos)
+        return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        # Implemented to satisfy the ABC check. This is not needed by the
+        # resolver, and should not be used by the provider either (for
+        # performance reasons).
+        raise NotImplementedError("don't do this")
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        if self._prefers_installed and self._installed:
+            return True
+        return any(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..315fb9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import collections
+import math
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Mapping,
+    Sequence,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.providers import AbstractProvider
+
+from .base import Candidate, Constraint, Requirement
+from .candidates import REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+from .factory import Factory
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.providers import Preference
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import RequirementInformation
+
+    PreferenceInformation = RequirementInformation[Requirement, Candidate]
+
+    _ProviderBase = AbstractProvider[Requirement, Candidate, str]
+else:
+    _ProviderBase = AbstractProvider
+
+# Notes on the relationship between the provider, the factory, and the
+# candidate and requirement classes.
+#
+# The provider is a direct implementation of the resolvelib class. Its role
+# is to deliver the API that resolvelib expects.
+#
+# Rather than work with completely abstract "requirement" and "candidate"
+# concepts as resolvelib does, pip has concrete classes implementing these two
+# ideas. The API of Requirement and Candidate objects are defined in the base
+# classes, but essentially map fairly directly to the equivalent provider
+# methods. In particular, `find_matches` and `is_satisfied_by` are
+# requirement methods, and `get_dependencies` is a candidate method.
+#
+# The factory is the interface to pip's internal mechanisms. It is stateless,
+# and is created by the resolver and held as a property of the provider. It is
+# responsible for creating Requirement and Candidate objects, and provides
+# services to those objects (access to pip's finder and preparer).
+
+
+D = TypeVar("D")
+V = TypeVar("V")
+
+
+def _get_with_identifier(
+    mapping: Mapping[str, V],
+    identifier: str,
+    default: D,
+) -> Union[D, V]:
+    """Get item from a package name lookup mapping with a resolver identifier.
+
+    This extra logic is needed when the target mapping is keyed by package
+    name, which cannot be directly looked up with an identifier (which may
+    contain requested extras). Additional logic is added to also look up a value
+    by "cleaning up" the extras from the identifier.
+    """
+    if identifier in mapping:
+        return mapping[identifier]
+    # HACK: Theoretically we should check whether this identifier is a valid
+    # "NAME[EXTRAS]" format, and parse out the name part with packaging or
+    # some regular expression. But since pip's resolver only spits out three
+    # kinds of identifiers: normalized PEP 503 names, normalized names plus
+    # extras, and Requires-Python, we can cheat a bit here.
+    name, open_bracket, _ = identifier.partition("[")
+    if open_bracket and name in mapping:
+        return mapping[name]
+    return default
+
+
+class PipProvider(_ProviderBase):
+    """Pip's provider implementation for resolvelib.
+
+    :params constraints: A mapping of constraints specified by the user. Keys
+        are canonicalized project names.
+    :params ignore_dependencies: Whether the user specified ``--no-deps``.
+    :params upgrade_strategy: The user-specified upgrade strategy.
+    :params user_requested: A set of canonicalized package names that the user
+        supplied for pip to install/upgrade.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        factory: Factory,
+        constraints: Dict[str, Constraint],
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        user_requested: Dict[str, int],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._constraints = constraints
+        self._ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self._upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self._user_requested = user_requested
+        self._known_depths: Dict[str, float] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: math.inf)
+
+    def identify(self, requirement_or_candidate: Union[Requirement, Candidate]) -> str:
+        return requirement_or_candidate.name
+
+    def get_preference(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        resolutions: Mapping[str, Candidate],
+        candidates: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+        information: Mapping[str, Iterable["PreferenceInformation"]],
+        backtrack_causes: Sequence["PreferenceInformation"],
+    ) -> "Preference":
+        """Produce a sort key for given requirement based on preference.
+
+        The lower the return value is, the more preferred this group of
+        arguments is.
+
+        Currently pip considers the following in order:
+
+        * Prefer if any of the known requirements is "direct", e.g. points to an
+          explicit URL.
+        * If equal, prefer if any requirement is "pinned", i.e. contains
+          operator ``===`` or ``==``.
+        * If equal, calculate an approximate "depth" and resolve requirements
+          closer to the user-specified requirements first. If the depth cannot
+          by determined (eg: due to no matching parents), it is considered
+          infinite.
+        * Order user-specified requirements by the order they are specified.
+        * If equal, prefers "non-free" requirements, i.e. contains at least one
+          operator, such as ``>=`` or ``<``.
+        * If equal, order alphabetically for consistency (helps debuggability).
+        """
+        try:
+            next(iter(information[identifier]))
+        except StopIteration:
+            # There is no information for this identifier, so there's no known
+            # candidates.
+            has_information = False
+        else:
+            has_information = True
+
+        if has_information:
+            lookups = (r.get_candidate_lookup() for r, _ in information[identifier])
+            candidate, ireqs = zip(*lookups)
+        else:
+            candidate, ireqs = None, ()
+
+        operators = [
+            specifier.operator
+            for specifier_set in (ireq.specifier for ireq in ireqs if ireq)
+            for specifier in specifier_set
+        ]
+
+        direct = candidate is not None
+        pinned = any(op[:2] == "==" for op in operators)
+        unfree = bool(operators)
+
+        try:
+            requested_order: Union[int, float] = self._user_requested[identifier]
+        except KeyError:
+            requested_order = math.inf
+            if has_information:
+                parent_depths = (
+                    self._known_depths[parent.name] if parent is not None else 0.0
+                    for _, parent in information[identifier]
+                )
+                inferred_depth = min(d for d in parent_depths) + 1.0
+            else:
+                inferred_depth = math.inf
+        else:
+            inferred_depth = 1.0
+        self._known_depths[identifier] = inferred_depth
+
+        requested_order = self._user_requested.get(identifier, math.inf)
+
+        # Requires-Python has only one candidate and the check is basically
+        # free, so we always do it first to avoid needless work if it fails.
+        requires_python = identifier == REQUIRES_PYTHON_IDENTIFIER
+
+        # Prefer the causes of backtracking on the assumption that the problem
+        # resolving the dependency tree is related to the failures that caused
+        # the backtracking
+        backtrack_cause = self.is_backtrack_cause(identifier, backtrack_causes)
+
+        return (
+            not requires_python,
+            not direct,
+            not pinned,
+            not backtrack_cause,
+            inferred_depth,
+            requested_order,
+            not unfree,
+            identifier,
+        )
+
+    def find_matches(
+        self,
+        identifier: str,
+        requirements: Mapping[str, Iterator[Requirement]],
+        incompatibilities: Mapping[str, Iterator[Candidate]],
+    ) -> Iterable[Candidate]:
+        def _eligible_for_upgrade(identifier: str) -> bool:
+            """Are upgrades allowed for this project?
+
+            This checks the upgrade strategy, and whether the project was one
+            that the user specified in the command line, in order to decide
+            whether we should upgrade if there's a newer version available.
+
+            (Note that we don't need access to the `--upgrade` flag, because
+            an upgrade strategy of "to-satisfy-only" means that `--upgrade`
+            was not specified).
+            """
+            if self._upgrade_strategy == "eager":
+                return True
+            elif self._upgrade_strategy == "only-if-needed":
+                user_order = _get_with_identifier(
+                    self._user_requested,
+                    identifier,
+                    default=None,
+                )
+                return user_order is not None
+            return False
+
+        constraint = _get_with_identifier(
+            self._constraints,
+            identifier,
+            default=Constraint.empty(),
+        )
+        return self._factory.find_candidates(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            requirements=requirements,
+            constraint=constraint,
+            prefers_installed=(not _eligible_for_upgrade(identifier)),
+            incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+        )
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, requirement: Requirement, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return requirement.is_satisfied_by(candidate)
+
+    def get_dependencies(self, candidate: Candidate) -> Sequence[Requirement]:
+        with_requires = not self._ignore_dependencies
+        return [r for r in candidate.iter_dependencies(with_requires) if r is not None]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_backtrack_cause(
+        identifier: str, backtrack_causes: Sequence["PreferenceInformation"]
+    ) -> bool:
+        for backtrack_cause in backtrack_causes:
+            if identifier == backtrack_cause.requirement.name:
+                return True
+            if backtrack_cause.parent and identifier == backtrack_cause.parent.name:
+                return True
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12adeff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/reporter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from logging import getLogger
+from typing import Any, DefaultDict
+
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.reporters import BaseReporter
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class PipReporter(BaseReporter):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.reject_count_by_package: DefaultDict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+        self._messages_at_reject_count = {
+            1: (
+                "pip is looking at multiple versions of {package_name} to "
+                "determine which version is compatible with other "
+                "requirements. This could take a while."
+            ),
+            8: (
+                "pip is still looking at multiple versions of {package_name} to "
+                "determine which version is compatible with other "
+                "requirements. This could take a while."
+            ),
+            13: (
+                "This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide "
+                "the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce "
+                "runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for "
+                "guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C."
+            ),
+        }
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion: Any, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.reject_count_by_package[candidate.name] += 1
+
+        count = self.reject_count_by_package[candidate.name]
+        if count not in self._messages_at_reject_count:
+            return
+
+        message = self._messages_at_reject_count[count]
+        logger.info("INFO: %s", message.format(package_name=candidate.name))
+
+        msg = "Will try a different candidate, due to conflict:"
+        for req_info in criterion.information:
+            req, parent = req_info.requirement, req_info.parent
+            # Inspired by Factory.get_installation_error
+            msg += "\n    "
+            if parent:
+                msg += f"{parent.name} {parent.version} depends on "
+            else:
+                msg += "The user requested "
+            msg += req.format_for_error()
+        logger.debug(msg)
+
+
+class PipDebuggingReporter(BaseReporter):
+    """A reporter that does an info log for every event it sees."""
+
+    def starting(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.starting()")
+
+    def starting_round(self, index: int) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.starting_round(%r)", index)
+
+    def ending_round(self, index: int, state: Any) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.ending_round(%r, state)", index)
+
+    def ending(self, state: Any) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.ending(%r)", state)
+
+    def adding_requirement(self, requirement: Requirement, parent: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.adding_requirement(%r, %r)", requirement, parent)
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion: Any, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.rejecting_candidate(%r, %r)", criterion, candidate)
+
+    def pinning(self, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        logger.info("Reporter.pinning(%r)", candidate)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4af4a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import install_req_drop_extras
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+
+from .base import Candidate, CandidateLookup, Requirement, format_name
+
+
+class ExplicitRequirement(Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, candidate: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.candidate = candidate
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.candidate)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.candidate!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        # No need to canonicalize - the candidate did this
+        return self.candidate.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        # No need to canonicalize - the candidate did this
+        return self.candidate.name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return self.candidate.format_for_error()
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return self.candidate, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return candidate == self.candidate
+
+
+class SpecifierRequirement(Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert ireq.link is None, "This is a link, not a specifier"
+        self._ireq = ireq
+        self._extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in self._ireq.extras)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._ireq.req)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._ireq.req)!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        assert self._ireq.req, "Specifier-backed ireq is always PEP 508"
+        return canonicalize_name(self._ireq.req.name)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return format_name(self.project_name, self._extras)
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        # Convert comma-separated specifiers into "A, B, ..., F and G"
+        # This makes the specifier a bit more "human readable", without
+        # risking a change in meaning. (Hopefully! Not all edge cases have
+        # been checked)
+        parts = [s.strip() for s in str(self).split(",")]
+        if len(parts) == 0:
+            return ""
+        elif len(parts) == 1:
+            return parts[0]
+
+        return ", ".join(parts[:-1]) + " and " + parts[-1]
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return None, self._ireq
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        assert candidate.name == self.name, (
+            f"Internal issue: Candidate is not for this requirement "
+            f"{candidate.name} vs {self.name}"
+        )
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        assert self._ireq.req, "Specifier-backed ireq is always PEP 508"
+        spec = self._ireq.req.specifier
+        return spec.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class SpecifierWithoutExtrasRequirement(SpecifierRequirement):
+    """
+    Requirement backed by an install requirement on a base package.
+    Trims extras from its install requirement if there are any.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ireq: InstallRequirement) -> None:
+        assert ireq.link is None, "This is a link, not a specifier"
+        self._ireq = install_req_drop_extras(ireq)
+        self._extras = frozenset(canonicalize_name(e) for e in self._ireq.extras)
+
+
+class RequiresPythonRequirement(Requirement):
+    """A requirement representing Requires-Python metadata."""
+
+    def __init__(self, specifier: SpecifierSet, match: Candidate) -> None:
+        self.specifier = specifier
+        self._candidate = match
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Python {self.specifier}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self.specifier)!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self._candidate.project_name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._candidate.name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        if self.specifier.contains(self._candidate.version, prereleases=True):
+            return self._candidate, None
+        return None, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        assert candidate.name == self._candidate.name, "Not Python candidate"
+        # We can safely always allow prereleases here since PackageFinder
+        # already implements the prerelease logic, and would have filtered out
+        # prerelease candidates if the user does not expect them.
+        return self.specifier.contains(candidate.version, prereleases=True)
+
+
+class UnsatisfiableRequirement(Requirement):
+    """A requirement that cannot be satisfied."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name: NormalizedName) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self._name} (unavailable)"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._name)!r})"
+
+    @property
+    def project_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self._name
+
+    def format_for_error(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_candidate_lookup(self) -> CandidateLookup:
+        return None, None
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, candidate: Candidate) -> bool:
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c12beef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import BaseReporter, ResolutionImpossible
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib import Resolver as RLResolver
+from pip._vendor.resolvelib.structs import DirectedGraph
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
+from pip._internal.req.constructors import install_req_extend_extras
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
+from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver, InstallRequirementProvider
+from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.provider import PipProvider
+from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.reporter import (
+    PipDebuggingReporter,
+    PipReporter,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.packaging import get_requirement
+
+from .base import Candidate, Requirement
+from .factory import Factory
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import Result as RLResult
+
+    Result = RLResult[Requirement, Candidate, str]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        preparer: RequirementPreparer,
+        finder: PackageFinder,
+        wheel_cache: Optional[WheelCache],
+        make_install_req: InstallRequirementProvider,
+        use_user_site: bool,
+        ignore_dependencies: bool,
+        ignore_installed: bool,
+        ignore_requires_python: bool,
+        force_reinstall: bool,
+        upgrade_strategy: str,
+        py_version_info: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
+
+        self.factory = Factory(
+            finder=finder,
+            preparer=preparer,
+            make_install_req=make_install_req,
+            wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+            use_user_site=use_user_site,
+            force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
+            ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
+            ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
+            py_version_info=py_version_info,
+        )
+        self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
+        self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
+        self._result: Optional[Result] = None
+
+    def resolve(
+        self, root_reqs: List[InstallRequirement], check_supported_wheels: bool
+    ) -> RequirementSet:
+        collected = self.factory.collect_root_requirements(root_reqs)
+        provider = PipProvider(
+            factory=self.factory,
+            constraints=collected.constraints,
+            ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies,
+            upgrade_strategy=self.upgrade_strategy,
+            user_requested=collected.user_requested,
+        )
+        if "PIP_RESOLVER_DEBUG" in os.environ:
+            reporter: BaseReporter = PipDebuggingReporter()
+        else:
+            reporter = PipReporter()
+        resolver: RLResolver[Requirement, Candidate, str] = RLResolver(
+            provider,
+            reporter,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            limit_how_complex_resolution_can_be = 200000
+            result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
+                collected.requirements, max_rounds=limit_how_complex_resolution_can_be
+            )
+
+        except ResolutionImpossible as e:
+            error = self.factory.get_installation_error(
+                cast("ResolutionImpossible[Requirement, Candidate]", e),
+                collected.constraints,
+            )
+            raise error from e
+
+        req_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
+        # process candidates with extras last to ensure their base equivalent is
+        # already in the req_set if appropriate.
+        # Python's sort is stable so using a binary key function keeps relative order
+        # within both subsets.
+        for candidate in sorted(
+            result.mapping.values(), key=lambda c: c.name != c.project_name
+        ):
+            ireq = candidate.get_install_requirement()
+            if ireq is None:
+                if candidate.name != candidate.project_name:
+                    # extend existing req's extras
+                    with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+                        req = req_set.get_requirement(candidate.project_name)
+                        req_set.add_named_requirement(
+                            install_req_extend_extras(
+                                req, get_requirement(candidate.name).extras
+                            )
+                        )
+                continue
+
+            # Check if there is already an installation under the same name,
+            # and set a flag for later stages to uninstall it, if needed.
+            installed_dist = self.factory.get_dist_to_uninstall(candidate)
+            if installed_dist is None:
+                # There is no existing installation -- nothing to uninstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = False
+            elif self.factory.force_reinstall:
+                # The --force-reinstall flag is set -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif installed_dist.version != candidate.version:
+                # The installation is different in version -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif candidate.is_editable or installed_dist.editable:
+                # The incoming distribution is editable, or different in
+                # editable-ness to installation -- reinstall.
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            elif candidate.source_link and candidate.source_link.is_file:
+                # The incoming distribution is under file://
+                if candidate.source_link.is_wheel:
+                    # is a local wheel -- do nothing.
+                    logger.info(
+                        "%s is already installed with the same version as the "
+                        "provided wheel. Use --force-reinstall to force an "
+                        "installation of the wheel.",
+                        ireq.name,
+                    )
+                    continue
+
+                # is a local sdist or path -- reinstall
+                ireq.should_reinstall = True
+            else:
+                continue
+
+            link = candidate.source_link
+            if link and link.is_yanked:
+                # The reason can contain non-ASCII characters, Unicode
+                # is required for Python 2.
+                msg = (
+                    "The candidate selected for download or install is a "
+                    "yanked version: {name!r} candidate (version {version} "
+                    "at {link})\nReason for being yanked: {reason}"
+                ).format(
+                    name=candidate.name,
+                    version=candidate.version,
+                    link=link,
+                    reason=link.yanked_reason or "<none given>",
+                )
+                logger.warning(msg)
+
+            req_set.add_named_requirement(ireq)
+
+        reqs = req_set.all_requirements
+        self.factory.preparer.prepare_linked_requirements_more(reqs)
+        for req in reqs:
+            req.prepared = True
+            req.needs_more_preparation = False
+        return req_set
+
+    def get_installation_order(
+        self, req_set: RequirementSet
+    ) -> List[InstallRequirement]:
+        """Get order for installation of requirements in RequirementSet.
+
+        The returned list contains a requirement before another that depends on
+        it. This helps ensure that the environment is kept consistent as they
+        get installed one-by-one.
+
+        The current implementation creates a topological ordering of the
+        dependency graph, giving more weight to packages with less
+        or no dependencies, while breaking any cycles in the graph at
+        arbitrary points. We make no guarantees about where the cycle
+        would be broken, other than it *would* be broken.
+        """
+        assert self._result is not None, "must call resolve() first"
+
+        if not req_set.requirements:
+            # Nothing is left to install, so we do not need an order.
+            return []
+
+        graph = self._result.graph
+        weights = get_topological_weights(graph, set(req_set.requirements.keys()))
+
+        sorted_items = sorted(
+            req_set.requirements.items(),
+            key=functools.partial(_req_set_item_sorter, weights=weights),
+            reverse=True,
+        )
+        return [ireq for _, ireq in sorted_items]
+
+
+def get_topological_weights(
+    graph: "DirectedGraph[Optional[str]]", requirement_keys: Set[str]
+) -> Dict[Optional[str], int]:
+    """Assign weights to each node based on how "deep" they are.
+
+    This implementation may change at any point in the future without prior
+    notice.
+
+    We first simplify the dependency graph by pruning any leaves and giving them
+    the highest weight: a package without any dependencies should be installed
+    first. This is done again and again in the same way, giving ever less weight
+    to the newly found leaves. The loop stops when no leaves are left: all
+    remaining packages have at least one dependency left in the graph.
+
+    Then we continue with the remaining graph, by taking the length for the
+    longest path to any node from root, ignoring any paths that contain a single
+    node twice (i.e. cycles). This is done through a depth-first search through
+    the graph, while keeping track of the path to the node.
+
+    Cycles in the graph result would result in node being revisited while also
+    being on its own path. In this case, take no action. This helps ensure we
+    don't get stuck in a cycle.
+
+    When assigning weight, the longer path (i.e. larger length) is preferred.
+
+    We are only interested in the weights of packages that are in the
+    requirement_keys.
+    """
+    path: Set[Optional[str]] = set()
+    weights: Dict[Optional[str], int] = {}
+
+    def visit(node: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if node in path:
+            # We hit a cycle, so we'll break it here.
+            return
+
+        # Time to visit the children!
+        path.add(node)
+        for child in graph.iter_children(node):
+            visit(child)
+        path.remove(node)
+
+        if node not in requirement_keys:
+            return
+
+        last_known_parent_count = weights.get(node, 0)
+        weights[node] = max(last_known_parent_count, len(path))
+
+    # Simplify the graph, pruning leaves that have no dependencies.
+    # This is needed for large graphs (say over 200 packages) because the
+    # `visit` function is exponentially slower then, taking minutes.
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10557
+    # We will loop until we explicitly break the loop.
+    while True:
+        leaves = set()
+        for key in graph:
+            if key is None:
+                continue
+            for _child in graph.iter_children(key):
+                # This means we have at least one child
+                break
+            else:
+                # No child.
+                leaves.add(key)
+        if not leaves:
+            # We are done simplifying.
+            break
+        # Calculate the weight for the leaves.
+        weight = len(graph) - 1
+        for leaf in leaves:
+            if leaf not in requirement_keys:
+                continue
+            weights[leaf] = weight
+        # Remove the leaves from the graph, making it simpler.
+        for leaf in leaves:
+            graph.remove(leaf)
+
+    # Visit the remaining graph.
+    # `None` is guaranteed to be the root node by resolvelib.
+    visit(None)
+
+    # Sanity check: all requirement keys should be in the weights,
+    # and no other keys should be in the weights.
+    difference = set(weights.keys()).difference(requirement_keys)
+    assert not difference, difference
+
+    return weights
+
+
+def _req_set_item_sorter(
+    item: Tuple[str, InstallRequirement],
+    weights: Dict[Optional[str], int],
+) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    """Key function used to sort install requirements for installation.
+
+    Based on the "weight" mapping calculated in ``get_installation_order()``.
+    The canonical package name is returned as the second member as a tie-
+    breaker to ensure the result is predictable, which is useful in tests.
+    """
+    name = canonicalize_name(item[0])
+    return weights[name], name
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f64ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/self_outdated_check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+import datetime
+import functools
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os.path
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse as parse_version
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+from pip._internal.index.collector import LinkCollector
+from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
+from pip._internal.metadata.base import DistributionVersion
+from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
+from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.entrypoints import (
+    get_best_invocation_for_this_pip,
+    get_best_invocation_for_this_python,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import adjacent_tmp_file, check_path_owner, replace
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+_WEEK = datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_statefile_name(key: str) -> str:
+    key_bytes = key.encode()
+    name = hashlib.sha224(key_bytes).hexdigest()
+    return name
+
+
+def _convert_date(isodate: str) -> datetime.datetime:
+    """Convert an ISO format string to a date.
+
+    Handles the format 2020-01-22T14:24:01Z (trailing Z)
+    which is not supported by older versions of fromisoformat.
+    """
+    return datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(isodate.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+
+
+class SelfCheckState:
+    def __init__(self, cache_dir: str) -> None:
+        self._state: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._statefile_path = None
+
+        # Try to load the existing state
+        if cache_dir:
+            self._statefile_path = os.path.join(
+                cache_dir, "selfcheck", _get_statefile_name(self.key)
+            )
+            try:
+                with open(self._statefile_path, encoding="utf-8") as statefile:
+                    self._state = json.load(statefile)
+            except (OSError, ValueError, KeyError):
+                # Explicitly suppressing exceptions, since we don't want to
+                # error out if the cache file is invalid.
+                pass
+
+    @property
+    def key(self) -> str:
+        return sys.prefix
+
+    def get(self, current_time: datetime.datetime) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Check if we have a not-outdated version loaded already."""
+        if not self._state:
+            return None
+
+        if "last_check" not in self._state:
+            return None
+
+        if "pypi_version" not in self._state:
+            return None
+
+        # Determine if we need to refresh the state
+        last_check = _convert_date(self._state["last_check"])
+        time_since_last_check = current_time - last_check
+        if time_since_last_check > _WEEK:
+            return None
+
+        return self._state["pypi_version"]
+
+    def set(self, pypi_version: str, current_time: datetime.datetime) -> None:
+        # If we do not have a path to cache in, don't bother saving.
+        if not self._statefile_path:
+            return
+
+        # Check to make sure that we own the directory
+        if not check_path_owner(os.path.dirname(self._statefile_path)):
+            return
+
+        # Now that we've ensured the directory is owned by this user, we'll go
+        # ahead and make sure that all our directories are created.
+        ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self._statefile_path))
+
+        state = {
+            # Include the key so it's easy to tell which pip wrote the
+            # file.
+            "key": self.key,
+            "last_check": current_time.isoformat(),
+            "pypi_version": pypi_version,
+        }
+
+        text = json.dumps(state, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
+
+        with adjacent_tmp_file(self._statefile_path) as f:
+            f.write(text.encode())
+
+        try:
+            # Since we have a prefix-specific state file, we can just
+            # overwrite whatever is there, no need to check.
+            replace(f.name, self._statefile_path)
+        except OSError:
+            # Best effort.
+            pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UpgradePrompt:
+    old: str
+    new: str
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Group:
+        if WINDOWS:
+            pip_cmd = f"{get_best_invocation_for_this_python()} -m pip"
+        else:
+            pip_cmd = get_best_invocation_for_this_pip()
+
+        notice = "[bold][[reset][blue]notice[reset][bold]][reset]"
+        return Group(
+            Text(),
+            Text.from_markup(
+                f"{notice} A new release of pip is available: "
+                f"[red]{self.old}[reset] -> [green]{self.new}[reset]"
+            ),
+            Text.from_markup(
+                f"{notice} To update, run: "
+                f"[green]{escape(pip_cmd)} install --upgrade pip"
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+def was_installed_by_pip(pkg: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks whether pkg was installed by pip
+
+    This is used not to display the upgrade message when pip is in fact
+    installed by system package manager, such as dnf on Fedora.
+    """
+    dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution(pkg)
+    return dist is not None and "pip" == dist.installer
+
+
+def _get_current_remote_pip_version(
+    session: PipSession, options: optparse.Values
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    # Lets use PackageFinder to see what the latest pip version is
+    link_collector = LinkCollector.create(
+        session,
+        options=options,
+        suppress_no_index=True,
+    )
+
+    # Pass allow_yanked=False so we don't suggest upgrading to a
+    # yanked version.
+    selection_prefs = SelectionPreferences(
+        allow_yanked=False,
+        allow_all_prereleases=False,  # Explicitly set to False
+    )
+
+    finder = PackageFinder.create(
+        link_collector=link_collector,
+        selection_prefs=selection_prefs,
+    )
+    best_candidate = finder.find_best_candidate("pip").best_candidate
+    if best_candidate is None:
+        return None
+
+    return str(best_candidate.version)
+
+
+def _self_version_check_logic(
+    *,
+    state: SelfCheckState,
+    current_time: datetime.datetime,
+    local_version: DistributionVersion,
+    get_remote_version: Callable[[], Optional[str]],
+) -> Optional[UpgradePrompt]:
+    remote_version_str = state.get(current_time)
+    if remote_version_str is None:
+        remote_version_str = get_remote_version()
+        if remote_version_str is None:
+            logger.debug("No remote pip version found")
+            return None
+        state.set(remote_version_str, current_time)
+
+    remote_version = parse_version(remote_version_str)
+    logger.debug("Remote version of pip: %s", remote_version)
+    logger.debug("Local version of pip:  %s", local_version)
+
+    pip_installed_by_pip = was_installed_by_pip("pip")
+    logger.debug("Was pip installed by pip? %s", pip_installed_by_pip)
+    if not pip_installed_by_pip:
+        return None  # Only suggest upgrade if pip is installed by pip.
+
+    local_version_is_older = (
+        local_version < remote_version
+        and local_version.base_version != remote_version.base_version
+    )
+    if local_version_is_older:
+        return UpgradePrompt(old=str(local_version), new=remote_version_str)
+
+    return None
+
+
+def pip_self_version_check(session: PipSession, options: optparse.Values) -> None:
+    """Check for an update for pip.
+
+    Limit the frequency of checks to once per week. State is stored either in
+    the active virtualenv or in the user's USER_CACHE_DIR keyed off the prefix
+    of the pip script path.
+    """
+    installed_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("pip")
+    if not installed_dist:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        upgrade_prompt = _self_version_check_logic(
+            state=SelfCheckState(cache_dir=options.cache_dir),
+            current_time=datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc),
+            local_version=installed_dist.version,
+            get_remote_version=functools.partial(
+                _get_current_remote_pip_version, session, options
+            ),
+        )
+        if upgrade_prompt is not None:
+            logger.warning("%s", upgrade_prompt, extra={"rich": True})
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning("There was an error checking the latest version of pip.")
+        logger.debug("See below for error", exc_info=True)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e06947c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_jaraco_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Functions brought over from jaraco.text.
+
+These functions are not supposed to be used within `pip._internal`. These are
+helper functions brought over from `jaraco.text` to enable vendoring newer
+copies of `pkg_resources` without having to vendor `jaraco.text` and its entire
+dependency cone; something that our vendoring setup is not currently capable of
+handling.
+
+License reproduced from original source below:
+
+Copyright Jason R. Coombs
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+
+
+def _nonblank(str):
+    return str and not str.startswith("#")
+
+
+@functools.singledispatch
+def yield_lines(iterable):
+    r"""
+    Yield valid lines of a string or iterable.
+
+    >>> list(yield_lines(''))
+    []
+    >>> list(yield_lines(['foo', 'bar']))
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> list(yield_lines('foo\nbar'))
+    ['foo', 'bar']
+    >>> list(yield_lines('\nfoo\n#bar\nbaz #comment'))
+    ['foo', 'baz #comment']
+    >>> list(yield_lines(['foo\nbar', 'baz', 'bing\n\n\n']))
+    ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'bing']
+    """
+    return itertools.chain.from_iterable(map(yield_lines, iterable))
+
+
+@yield_lines.register(str)
+def _(text):
+    return filter(_nonblank, map(str.strip, text.splitlines()))
+
+
+def drop_comment(line):
+    """
+    Drop comments.
+
+    >>> drop_comment('foo # bar')
+    'foo'
+
+    A hash without a space may be in a URL.
+
+    >>> drop_comment('http://example.com/foo#bar')
+    'http://example.com/foo#bar'
+    """
+    return line.partition(" #")[0]
+
+
+def join_continuation(lines):
+    r"""
+    Join lines continued by a trailing backslash.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar', 'baz']))
+    ['foobar', 'baz']
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar', 'baz']))
+    ['foobar', 'baz']
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo \\', 'bar \\', 'baz']))
+    ['foobarbaz']
+
+    Not sure why, but...
+    The character preceeding the backslash is also elided.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['goo\\', 'dly']))
+    ['godly']
+
+    A terrible idea, but...
+    If no line is available to continue, suppress the lines.
+
+    >>> list(join_continuation(['foo', 'bar\\', 'baz\\']))
+    ['foo']
+    """
+    lines = iter(lines)
+    for item in lines:
+        while item.endswith("\\"):
+            try:
+                item = item[:-2].strip() + next(lines)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+        yield item
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c4c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/_log.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Customize logging
+
+Defines custom logger class for the `logger.verbose(...)` method.
+
+init_logging() must be called before any other modules that call logging.getLogger.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+# custom log level for `--verbose` output
+# between DEBUG and INFO
+VERBOSE = 15
+
+
+class VerboseLogger(logging.Logger):
+    """Custom Logger, defining a verbose log-level
+
+    VERBOSE is between INFO and DEBUG.
+    """
+
+    def verbose(self, msg: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        return self.log(VERBOSE, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def getLogger(name: str) -> VerboseLogger:
+    """logging.getLogger, but ensures our VerboseLogger class is returned"""
+    return cast(VerboseLogger, logging.getLogger(name))
+
+
+def init_logging() -> None:
+    """Register our VerboseLogger and VERBOSE log level.
+
+    Should be called before any calls to getLogger(),
+    i.e. in pip._internal.__init__
+    """
+    logging.setLoggerClass(VerboseLogger)
+    logging.addLevelName(VERBOSE, "VERBOSE")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16933bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/appdirs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""
+This code wraps the vendored appdirs module to so the return values are
+compatible for the current pip code base.
+
+The intention is to rewrite current usages gradually, keeping the tests pass,
+and eventually drop this after all usages are changed.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import List
+
+from pip._vendor import platformdirs as _appdirs
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(appname: str) -> str:
+    return _appdirs.user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor=False)
+
+
+def _macos_user_config_dir(appname: str, roaming: bool = True) -> str:
+    # Use ~/Application Support/pip, if the directory exists.
+    path = _appdirs.user_data_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        return path
+
+    # Use a Linux-like ~/.config/pip, by default.
+    linux_like_path = "~/.config/"
+    if appname:
+        linux_like_path = os.path.join(linux_like_path, appname)
+
+    return os.path.expanduser(linux_like_path)
+
+
+def user_config_dir(appname: str, roaming: bool = True) -> str:
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return _macos_user_config_dir(appname, roaming)
+
+    return _appdirs.user_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, roaming=roaming)
+
+
+# for the discussion regarding site_config_dir locations
+# see <https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1733>
+def site_config_dirs(appname: str) -> List[str]:
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        return [_appdirs.site_data_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)]
+
+    dirval = _appdirs.site_config_dir(appname, appauthor=False, multipath=True)
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return [dirval]
+
+    # Unix-y system. Look in /etc as well.
+    return dirval.split(os.pathsep) + ["/etc"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f4d300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Stuff that differs in different Python versions and platform
+distributions."""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+
+__all__ = ["get_path_uid", "stdlib_pkgs", "WINDOWS"]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def has_tls() -> bool:
+    try:
+        import _ssl  # noqa: F401  # ignore unused
+
+        return True
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import IS_PYOPENSSL
+
+    return IS_PYOPENSSL
+
+
+def get_path_uid(path: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Return path's uid.
+
+    Does not follow symlinks:
+        https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/935#discussion_r5307003
+
+    Placed this function in compat due to differences on AIX and
+    Jython, that should eventually go away.
+
+    :raises OSError: When path is a symlink or can't be read.
+    """
+    if hasattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW"):
+        fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NOFOLLOW)
+        file_uid = os.fstat(fd).st_uid
+        os.close(fd)
+    else:  # AIX and Jython
+        # WARNING: time of check vulnerability, but best we can do w/o NOFOLLOW
+        if not os.path.islink(path):
+            # older versions of Jython don't have `os.fstat`
+            file_uid = os.stat(path).st_uid
+        else:
+            # raise OSError for parity with os.O_NOFOLLOW above
+            raise OSError(f"{path} is a symlink; Will not return uid for symlinks")
+    return file_uid
+
+
+# packages in the stdlib that may have installation metadata, but should not be
+# considered 'installed'.  this theoretically could be determined based on
+# dist.location (py27:`sysconfig.get_paths()['stdlib']`,
+# py26:sysconfig.get_config_vars('LIBDEST')), but fear platform variation may
+# make this ineffective, so hard-coding
+stdlib_pkgs = {"python", "wsgiref", "argparse"}
+
+
+# windows detection, covers cpython and ironpython
+WINDOWS = sys.platform.startswith("win") or (sys.platform == "cli" and os.name == "nt")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ed9a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/compatibility_tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+"""Generate and work with PEP 425 Compatibility Tags.
+"""
+
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import (
+    PythonVersion,
+    Tag,
+    compatible_tags,
+    cpython_tags,
+    generic_tags,
+    interpreter_name,
+    interpreter_version,
+    mac_platforms,
+)
+
+_osx_arch_pat = re.compile(r"(.+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(.+)")
+
+
+def version_info_to_nodot(version_info: Tuple[int, ...]) -> str:
+    # Only use up to the first two numbers.
+    return "".join(map(str, version_info[:2]))
+
+
+def _mac_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    match = _osx_arch_pat.match(arch)
+    if match:
+        name, major, minor, actual_arch = match.groups()
+        mac_version = (int(major), int(minor))
+        arches = [
+            # Since we have always only checked that the platform starts
+            # with "macosx", for backwards-compatibility we extract the
+            # actual prefix provided by the user in case they provided
+            # something like "macosxcustom_". It may be good to remove
+            # this as undocumented or deprecate it in the future.
+            "{}_{}".format(name, arch[len("macosx_") :])
+            for arch in mac_platforms(mac_version, actual_arch)
+        ]
+    else:
+        # arch pattern didn't match (?!)
+        arches = [arch]
+    return arches
+
+
+def _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    arches = [arch]
+    arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition("_")
+    if arch_prefix == "manylinux2014":
+        # manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels run on most manylinux2014 systems
+        # with the exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 599 states
+        # manylinux1/manylinux2010 wheels should be considered
+        # manylinux2014 wheels:
+        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0599/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux2010-wheels
+        if arch_suffix in {"i686", "x86_64"}:
+            arches.append("manylinux2010" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+            arches.append("manylinux1" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+    elif arch_prefix == "manylinux2010":
+        # manylinux1 wheels run on most manylinux2010 systems with the
+        # exception of wheels depending on ncurses. PEP 571 states
+        # manylinux1 wheels should be considered manylinux2010 wheels:
+        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0571/#backwards-compatibility-with-manylinux1-wheels
+        arches.append("manylinux1" + arch_sep + arch_suffix)
+    return arches
+
+
+def _get_custom_platforms(arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    arch_prefix, arch_sep, arch_suffix = arch.partition("_")
+    if arch.startswith("macosx"):
+        arches = _mac_platforms(arch)
+    elif arch_prefix in ["manylinux2014", "manylinux2010"]:
+        arches = _custom_manylinux_platforms(arch)
+    else:
+        arches = [arch]
+    return arches
+
+
+def _expand_allowed_platforms(platforms: Optional[List[str]]) -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    if not platforms:
+        return None
+
+    seen = set()
+    result = []
+
+    for p in platforms:
+        if p in seen:
+            continue
+        additions = [c for c in _get_custom_platforms(p) if c not in seen]
+        seen.update(additions)
+        result.extend(additions)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _get_python_version(version: str) -> PythonVersion:
+    if len(version) > 1:
+        return int(version[0]), int(version[1:])
+    else:
+        return (int(version[0]),)
+
+
+def _get_custom_interpreter(
+    implementation: Optional[str] = None, version: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    if implementation is None:
+        implementation = interpreter_name()
+    if version is None:
+        version = interpreter_version()
+    return f"{implementation}{version}"
+
+
+def get_supported(
+    version: Optional[str] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    impl: Optional[str] = None,
+    abis: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+) -> List[Tag]:
+    """Return a list of supported tags for each version specified in
+    `versions`.
+
+    :param version: a string version, of the form "33" or "32",
+        or None. The version will be assumed to support our ABI.
+    :param platform: specify a list of platforms you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local system platform.
+    :param impl: specify the exact implementation you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter impl.
+    :param abis: specify a list of abis you want valid
+        tags for, or None. If None, use the local interpreter abi.
+    """
+    supported: List[Tag] = []
+
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None
+    if version is not None:
+        python_version = _get_python_version(version)
+
+    interpreter = _get_custom_interpreter(impl, version)
+
+    platforms = _expand_allowed_platforms(platforms)
+
+    is_cpython = (impl or interpreter_name()) == "cp"
+    if is_cpython:
+        supported.extend(
+            cpython_tags(
+                python_version=python_version,
+                abis=abis,
+                platforms=platforms,
+            )
+        )
+    else:
+        supported.extend(
+            generic_tags(
+                interpreter=interpreter,
+                abis=abis,
+                platforms=platforms,
+            )
+        )
+    supported.extend(
+        compatible_tags(
+            python_version=python_version,
+            interpreter=interpreter,
+            platforms=platforms,
+        )
+    )
+
+    return supported
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8668b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/datetime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""For when pip wants to check the date or time.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+
+def today_is_later_than(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> bool:
+    today = datetime.date.today()
+    given = datetime.date(year, month, day)
+
+    return today > given
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72bd6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/deprecation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""
+A module that implements tooling to enable easy warnings about deprecations.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import warnings
+from typing import Any, Optional, TextIO, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse
+
+from pip import __version__ as current_version  # NOTE: tests patch this name.
+
+DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX = "DEPRECATION: "
+
+
+class PipDeprecationWarning(Warning):
+    pass
+
+
+_original_showwarning: Any = None
+
+
+# Warnings <-> Logging Integration
+def _showwarning(
+    message: Union[Warning, str],
+    category: Type[Warning],
+    filename: str,
+    lineno: int,
+    file: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    line: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if file is not None:
+        if _original_showwarning is not None:
+            _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+    elif issubclass(category, PipDeprecationWarning):
+        # We use a specially named logger which will handle all of the
+        # deprecation messages for pip.
+        logger = logging.getLogger("pip._internal.deprecations")
+        logger.warning(message)
+    else:
+        _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+
+
+def install_warning_logger() -> None:
+    # Enable our Deprecation Warnings
+    warnings.simplefilter("default", PipDeprecationWarning, append=True)
+
+    global _original_showwarning
+
+    if _original_showwarning is None:
+        _original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
+        warnings.showwarning = _showwarning
+
+
+def deprecated(
+    *,
+    reason: str,
+    replacement: Optional[str],
+    gone_in: Optional[str],
+    feature_flag: Optional[str] = None,
+    issue: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Helper to deprecate existing functionality.
+
+    reason:
+        Textual reason shown to the user about why this functionality has
+        been deprecated. Should be a complete sentence.
+    replacement:
+        Textual suggestion shown to the user about what alternative
+        functionality they can use.
+    gone_in:
+        The version of pip does this functionality should get removed in.
+        Raises an error if pip's current version is greater than or equal to
+        this.
+    feature_flag:
+        Command-line flag of the form --use-feature={feature_flag} for testing
+        upcoming functionality.
+    issue:
+        Issue number on the tracker that would serve as a useful place for
+        users to find related discussion and provide feedback.
+    """
+
+    # Determine whether or not the feature is already gone in this version.
+    is_gone = gone_in is not None and parse(current_version) >= parse(gone_in)
+
+    message_parts = [
+        (reason, f"{DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX}{{}}"),
+        (
+            gone_in,
+            "pip {} will enforce this behaviour change."
+            if not is_gone
+            else "Since pip {}, this is no longer supported.",
+        ),
+        (
+            replacement,
+            "A possible replacement is {}.",
+        ),
+        (
+            feature_flag,
+            "You can use the flag --use-feature={} to test the upcoming behaviour."
+            if not is_gone
+            else None,
+        ),
+        (
+            issue,
+            "Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/{}",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    message = " ".join(
+        format_str.format(value)
+        for value, format_str in message_parts
+        if format_str is not None and value is not None
+    )
+
+    # Raise as an error if this behaviour is deprecated.
+    if is_gone:
+        raise PipDeprecationWarning(message)
+
+    warnings.warn(message, category=PipDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e8e5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/direct_url_helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pip._internal.models.direct_url import ArchiveInfo, DirectUrl, DirInfo, VcsInfo
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+
+def direct_url_as_pep440_direct_reference(direct_url: DirectUrl, name: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a DirectUrl to a pip requirement string."""
+    direct_url.validate()  # if invalid, this is a pip bug
+    requirement = name + " @ "
+    fragments = []
+    if isinstance(direct_url.info, VcsInfo):
+        requirement += "{}+{}@{}".format(
+            direct_url.info.vcs, direct_url.url, direct_url.info.commit_id
+        )
+    elif isinstance(direct_url.info, ArchiveInfo):
+        requirement += direct_url.url
+        if direct_url.info.hash:
+            fragments.append(direct_url.info.hash)
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(direct_url.info, DirInfo)
+        requirement += direct_url.url
+    if direct_url.subdirectory:
+        fragments.append("subdirectory=" + direct_url.subdirectory)
+    if fragments:
+        requirement += "#" + "&".join(fragments)
+    return requirement
+
+
+def direct_url_for_editable(source_dir: str) -> DirectUrl:
+    return DirectUrl(
+        url=path_to_url(source_dir),
+        info=DirInfo(editable=True),
+    )
+
+
+def direct_url_from_link(
+    link: Link, source_dir: Optional[str] = None, link_is_in_wheel_cache: bool = False
+) -> DirectUrl:
+    if link.is_vcs:
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(link.scheme)
+        assert vcs_backend
+        url, requested_revision, _ = vcs_backend.get_url_rev_and_auth(
+            link.url_without_fragment
+        )
+        # For VCS links, we need to find out and add commit_id.
+        if link_is_in_wheel_cache:
+            # If the requested VCS link corresponds to a cached
+            # wheel, it means the requested revision was an
+            # immutable commit hash, otherwise it would not have
+            # been cached. In that case we don't have a source_dir
+            # with the VCS checkout.
+            assert requested_revision
+            commit_id = requested_revision
+        else:
+            # If the wheel was not in cache, it means we have
+            # had to checkout from VCS to build and we have a source_dir
+            # which we can inspect to find out the commit id.
+            assert source_dir
+            commit_id = vcs_backend.get_revision(source_dir)
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=url,
+            info=VcsInfo(
+                vcs=vcs_backend.name,
+                commit_id=commit_id,
+                requested_revision=requested_revision,
+            ),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
+    elif link.is_existing_dir():
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=link.url_without_fragment,
+            info=DirInfo(),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
+    else:
+        hash = None
+        hash_name = link.hash_name
+        if hash_name:
+            hash = f"{hash_name}={link.hash}"
+        return DirectUrl(
+            url=link.url_without_fragment,
+            info=ArchiveInfo(hash=hash),
+            subdirectory=link.subdirectory_fragment,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a384a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "egg_link_path_from_sys_path",
+    "egg_link_path_from_location",
+]
+
+
+def _egg_link_names(raw_name: str) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Convert a Name metadata value to a .egg-link name, by applying
+    the same substitution as pkg_resources's safe_name function.
+    Note: we cannot use canonicalize_name because it has a different logic.
+
+    We also look for the raw name (without normalization) as setuptools 69 changed
+    the way it names .egg-link files (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4167).
+    """
+    return [
+        re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.]+", "-", raw_name) + ".egg-link",
+        f"{raw_name}.egg-link",
+    ]
+
+
+def egg_link_path_from_sys_path(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Look for a .egg-link file for project name, by walking sys.path.
+    """
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
+    for path_item in sys.path:
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
+                return egg_link
+    return None
+
+
+def egg_link_path_from_location(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return the path for the .egg-link file if it exists, otherwise, None.
+
+    There's 3 scenarios:
+    1) not in a virtualenv
+       try to find in site.USER_SITE, then site_packages
+    2) in a no-global virtualenv
+       try to find in site_packages
+    3) in a yes-global virtualenv
+       try to find in site_packages, then site.USER_SITE
+       (don't look in global location)
+
+    For #1 and #3, there could be odd cases, where there's an egg-link in 2
+    locations.
+
+    This method will just return the first one found.
+    """
+    sites: List[str] = []
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        sites.append(site_packages)
+        if not virtualenv_no_global() and user_site:
+            sites.append(user_site)
+    else:
+        if user_site:
+            sites.append(user_site)
+        sites.append(site_packages)
+
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
+    for site in sites:
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egglink = os.path.join(site, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egglink):
+                return egglink
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..008f06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import codecs
+import locale
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+BOMS: List[Tuple[bytes, str]] = [
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF8, "utf-8"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16, "utf-16"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, "utf-16-be"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, "utf-16-le"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32, "utf-32"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, "utf-32-be"),
+    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, "utf-32-le"),
+]
+
+ENCODING_RE = re.compile(rb"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")
+
+
+def auto_decode(data: bytes) -> str:
+    """Check a bytes string for a BOM to correctly detect the encoding
+
+    Fallback to locale.getpreferredencoding(False) like open() on Python3"""
+    for bom, encoding in BOMS:
+        if data.startswith(bom):
+            return data[len(bom) :].decode(encoding)
+    # Lets check the first two lines as in PEP263
+    for line in data.split(b"\n")[:2]:
+        if line[0:1] == b"#" and ENCODING_RE.search(line):
+            result = ENCODING_RE.search(line)
+            assert result is not None
+            encoding = result.groups()[0].decode("ascii")
+            return data.decode(encoding)
+    return data.decode(
+        locale.getpreferredencoding(False) or sys.getdefaultencoding(),
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1501369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/entrypoints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import itertools
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.cli.main import main
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+
+_EXECUTABLE_NAMES = [
+    "pip",
+    f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
+    f"pip{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+]
+if WINDOWS:
+    _allowed_extensions = {"", ".exe"}
+    _EXECUTABLE_NAMES = [
+        "".join(parts)
+        for parts in itertools.product(_EXECUTABLE_NAMES, _allowed_extensions)
+    ]
+
+
+def _wrapper(args: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> int:
+    """Central wrapper for all old entrypoints.
+
+    Historically pip has had several entrypoints defined. Because of issues
+    arising from PATH, sys.path, multiple Pythons, their interactions, and most
+    of them having a pip installed, users suffer every time an entrypoint gets
+    moved.
+
+    To alleviate this pain, and provide a mechanism for warning users and
+    directing them to an appropriate place for help, we now define all of
+    our old entrypoints as wrappers for the current one.
+    """
+    sys.stderr.write(
+        "WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will "
+        "fail in a future version of pip.\n"
+        "Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on "
+        "fixing the underlying issue.\n"
+        "To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of "
+        "running pip directly.\n"
+    )
+    return main(args)
+
+
+def get_best_invocation_for_this_pip() -> str:
+    """Try to figure out the best way to invoke pip in the current environment."""
+    binary_directory = "Scripts" if WINDOWS else "bin"
+    binary_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, binary_directory)
+
+    # Try to use pip[X[.Y]] names, if those executables for this environment are
+    # the first on PATH with that name.
+    path_parts = os.path.normcase(os.environ.get("PATH", "")).split(os.pathsep)
+    exe_are_in_PATH = os.path.normcase(binary_prefix) in path_parts
+    if exe_are_in_PATH:
+        for exe_name in _EXECUTABLE_NAMES:
+            found_executable = shutil.which(exe_name)
+            binary_executable = os.path.join(binary_prefix, exe_name)
+            if (
+                found_executable
+                and os.path.exists(binary_executable)
+                and os.path.samefile(
+                    found_executable,
+                    binary_executable,
+                )
+            ):
+                return exe_name
+
+    # Use the `-m` invocation, if there's no "nice" invocation.
+    return f"{get_best_invocation_for_this_python()} -m pip"
+
+
+def get_best_invocation_for_this_python() -> str:
+    """Try to figure out the best way to invoke the current Python."""
+    exe = sys.executable
+    exe_name = os.path.basename(exe)
+
+    # Try to use the basename, if it's the first executable.
+    found_executable = shutil.which(exe_name)
+    if found_executable and os.path.samefile(found_executable, exe):
+        return exe_name
+
+    # Use the full executable name, because we couldn't find something simpler.
+    return exe
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83c2df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filesystem.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import fnmatch
+import os
+import os.path
+import random
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Generator, List, Union, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import retry, stop_after_delay, wait_fixed
+
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import get_path_uid
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import format_size
+
+
+def check_path_owner(path: str) -> bool:
+    # If we don't have a way to check the effective uid of this process, then
+    # we'll just assume that we own the directory.
+    if sys.platform == "win32" or not hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
+        return True
+
+    assert os.path.isabs(path)
+
+    previous = None
+    while path != previous:
+        if os.path.lexists(path):
+            # Check if path is writable by current user.
+            if os.geteuid() == 0:
+                # Special handling for root user in order to handle properly
+                # cases where users use sudo without -H flag.
+                try:
+                    path_uid = get_path_uid(path)
+                except OSError:
+                    return False
+                return path_uid == 0
+            else:
+                return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+        else:
+            previous, path = path, os.path.dirname(path)
+    return False  # assume we don't own the path
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def adjacent_tmp_file(path: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[BinaryIO, None, None]:
+    """Return a file-like object pointing to a tmp file next to path.
+
+    The file is created securely and is ensured to be written to disk
+    after the context reaches its end.
+
+    kwargs will be passed to tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile to control
+    the way the temporary file will be opened.
+    """
+    with NamedTemporaryFile(
+        delete=False,
+        dir=os.path.dirname(path),
+        prefix=os.path.basename(path),
+        suffix=".tmp",
+        **kwargs,
+    ) as f:
+        result = cast(BinaryIO, f)
+        try:
+            yield result
+        finally:
+            result.flush()
+            os.fsync(result.fileno())
+
+
+# Tenacity raises RetryError by default, explicitly raise the original exception
+_replace_retry = retry(reraise=True, stop=stop_after_delay(1), wait=wait_fixed(0.25))
+
+replace = _replace_retry(os.replace)
+
+
+# test_writable_dir and _test_writable_dir_win are copied from Flit,
+# with the author's agreement to also place them under pip's license.
+def test_writable_dir(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a directory is writable.
+
+    Uses os.access() on POSIX, tries creating files on Windows.
+    """
+    # If the directory doesn't exist, find the closest parent that does.
+    while not os.path.isdir(path):
+        parent = os.path.dirname(path)
+        if parent == path:
+            break  # Should never get here, but infinite loops are bad
+        path = parent
+
+    if os.name == "posix":
+        return os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+
+    return _test_writable_dir_win(path)
+
+
+def _test_writable_dir_win(path: str) -> bool:
+    # os.access doesn't work on Windows: http://bugs.python.org/issue2528
+    # and we can't use tempfile: http://bugs.python.org/issue22107
+    basename = "accesstest_deleteme_fishfingers_custard_"
+    alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
+    for _ in range(10):
+        name = basename + "".join(random.choice(alphabet) for _ in range(6))
+        file = os.path.join(path, name)
+        try:
+            fd = os.open(file, os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+        except PermissionError:
+            # This could be because there's a directory with the same name.
+            # But it's highly unlikely there's a directory called that,
+            # so we'll assume it's because the parent dir is not writable.
+            # This could as well be because the parent dir is not readable,
+            # due to non-privileged user access.
+            return False
+        else:
+            os.close(fd)
+            os.unlink(file)
+            return True
+
+    # This should never be reached
+    raise OSError("Unexpected condition testing for writable directory")
+
+
+def find_files(path: str, pattern: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Returns a list of absolute paths of files beneath path, recursively,
+    with filenames which match the UNIX-style shell glob pattern."""
+    result: List[str] = []
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(path):
+        matches = fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)
+        result.extend(os.path.join(root, f) for f in matches)
+    return result
+
+
+def file_size(path: str) -> Union[int, float]:
+    # If it's a symlink, return 0.
+    if os.path.islink(path):
+        return 0
+    return os.path.getsize(path)
+
+
+def format_file_size(path: str) -> str:
+    return format_size(file_size(path))
+
+
+def directory_size(path: str) -> Union[int, float]:
+    size = 0.0
+    for root, _dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+        for filename in files:
+            file_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            size += file_size(file_path)
+    return size
+
+
+def format_directory_size(path: str) -> str:
+    return format_size(directory_size(path))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5948570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/filetypes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Filetype information.
+"""
+
+from typing import Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import splitext
+
+WHEEL_EXTENSION = ".whl"
+BZ2_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".tar.bz2", ".tbz")
+XZ_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (
+    ".tar.xz",
+    ".txz",
+    ".tlz",
+    ".tar.lz",
+    ".tar.lzma",
+)
+ZIP_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".zip", WHEEL_EXTENSION)
+TAR_EXTENSIONS: Tuple[str, ...] = (".tar.gz", ".tgz", ".tar")
+ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS
+
+
+def is_archive_file(name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True if `name` is a considered as an archive file."""
+    ext = splitext(name)[1].lower()
+    if ext in ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS:
+        return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81342af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/glibc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def glibc_version_string() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."
+    return glibc_version_string_confstr() or glibc_version_string_ctypes()
+
+
+def glibc_version_string_confstr() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr."
+    # os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
+    # to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
+    # platform module:
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c9d0921ff3d70e1127ca1b71/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return None
+    try:
+        gnu_libc_version = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        if gnu_libc_version is None:
+            return None
+        # os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION") returns a string like "glibc 2.17":
+        _, version = gnu_libc_version.split()
+    except (AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
+        # os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
+        return None
+    return version
+
+
+def glibc_version_string_ctypes() -> Optional[str]:
+    "Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes."
+
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    # ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
+    # manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
+    # main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
+    # which libc our process is actually using.
+    process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+    try:
+        gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
+        # glibc.
+        return None
+
+    # Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
+    gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+    version_str = gnu_get_libc_version()
+    # py2 / py3 compatibility:
+    if not isinstance(version_str, str):
+        version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
+
+    return version_str
+
+
+# platform.libc_ver regularly returns completely nonsensical glibc
+# versions. E.g. on my computer, platform says:
+#
+#   ~$ python2.7 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
+#   ('glibc', '2.7')
+#   ~$ python3.5 -c 'import platform; print(platform.libc_ver())'
+#   ('glibc', '2.9')
+#
+# But the truth is:
+#
+#   ~$ ldd --version
+#   ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.22-11) 2.22
+#
+# This is unfortunate, because it means that the linehaul data on libc
+# versions that was generated by pip 8.1.2 and earlier is useless and
+# misleading. Solution: instead of using platform, use our code that actually
+# works.
+def libc_ver() -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Try to determine the glibc version
+
+    Returns a tuple of strings (lib, version) which default to empty strings
+    in case the lookup fails.
+    """
+    glibc_version = glibc_version_string()
+    if glibc_version is None:
+        return ("", "")
+    else:
+        return ("glibc", glibc_version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..843cffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import hashlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import HashMismatch, HashMissing, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import read_chunks
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from hashlib import _Hash
+
+    # NoReturn introduced in 3.6.2; imported only for type checking to maintain
+    # pip compatibility with older patch versions of Python 3.6
+    from typing import NoReturn
+
+
+# The recommended hash algo of the moment. Change this whenever the state of
+# the art changes; it won't hurt backward compatibility.
+FAVORITE_HASH = "sha256"
+
+
+# Names of hashlib algorithms allowed by the --hash option and ``pip hash``
+# Currently, those are the ones at least as collision-resistant as sha256.
+STRONG_HASHES = ["sha256", "sha384", "sha512"]
+
+
+class Hashes:
+    """A wrapper that builds multiple hashes at once and checks them against
+    known-good values
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hashes: Optional[Dict[str, List[str]]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        :param hashes: A dict of algorithm names pointing to lists of allowed
+            hex digests
+        """
+        allowed = {}
+        if hashes is not None:
+            for alg, keys in hashes.items():
+                # Make sure values are always sorted (to ease equality checks)
+                allowed[alg] = sorted(keys)
+        self._allowed = allowed
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "Hashes") -> "Hashes":
+        if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        # If either of the Hashes object is entirely empty (i.e. no hash
+        # specified at all), all hashes from the other object are allowed.
+        if not other:
+            return self
+        if not self:
+            return other
+
+        # Otherwise only hashes that present in both objects are allowed.
+        new = {}
+        for alg, values in other._allowed.items():
+            if alg not in self._allowed:
+                continue
+            new[alg] = [v for v in values if v in self._allowed[alg]]
+        return Hashes(new)
+
+    @property
+    def digest_count(self) -> int:
+        return sum(len(digests) for digests in self._allowed.values())
+
+    def is_hash_allowed(self, hash_name: str, hex_digest: str) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the given hex digest is allowed."""
+        return hex_digest in self._allowed.get(hash_name, [])
+
+    def check_against_chunks(self, chunks: Iterable[bytes]) -> None:
+        """Check good hashes against ones built from iterable of chunks of
+        data.
+
+        Raise HashMismatch if none match.
+
+        """
+        gots = {}
+        for hash_name in self._allowed.keys():
+            try:
+                gots[hash_name] = hashlib.new(hash_name)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                raise InstallationError(f"Unknown hash name: {hash_name}")
+
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            for hash in gots.values():
+                hash.update(chunk)
+
+        for hash_name, got in gots.items():
+            if got.hexdigest() in self._allowed[hash_name]:
+                return
+        self._raise(gots)
+
+    def _raise(self, gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise HashMismatch(self._allowed, gots)
+
+    def check_against_file(self, file: BinaryIO) -> None:
+        """Check good hashes against a file-like object
+
+        Raise HashMismatch if none match.
+
+        """
+        return self.check_against_chunks(read_chunks(file))
+
+    def check_against_path(self, path: str) -> None:
+        with open(path, "rb") as file:
+            return self.check_against_file(file)
+
+    def has_one_of(self, hashes: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+        """Return whether any of the given hashes are allowed."""
+        for hash_name, hex_digest in hashes.items():
+            if self.is_hash_allowed(hash_name, hex_digest):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether I know any known-good hashes."""
+        return bool(self._allowed)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Hashes):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._allowed == other._allowed
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            ",".join(
+                sorted(
+                    ":".join((alg, digest))
+                    for alg, digest_list in self._allowed.items()
+                    for digest in digest_list
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class MissingHashes(Hashes):
+    """A workalike for Hashes used when we're missing a hash for a requirement
+
+    It computes the actual hash of the requirement and raises a HashMissing
+    exception showing it to the user.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Don't offer the ``hashes`` kwarg."""
+        # Pass our favorite hash in to generate a "gotten hash". With the
+        # empty list, it will never match, so an error will always raise.
+        super().__init__(hashes={FAVORITE_HASH: []})
+
+    def _raise(self, gots: Dict[str, "_Hash"]) -> "NoReturn":
+        raise HashMissing(gots[FAVORITE_HASH].hexdigest())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95982df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import logging
+import logging.handlers
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+from logging import Filter
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generator, List, Optional, TextIO, Type
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import (
+    Console,
+    ConsoleOptions,
+    ConsoleRenderable,
+    RenderableType,
+    RenderResult,
+    RichCast,
+)
+from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import NullHighlighter
+from pip._vendor.rich.logging import RichHandler
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+from pip._internal.utils._log import VERBOSE, getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+_log_state = threading.local()
+subprocess_logger = getLogger("pip.subprocessor")
+
+
+class BrokenStdoutLoggingError(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised if BrokenPipeError occurs for the stdout stream while logging.
+    """
+
+
+def _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class: Type[BaseException], exc: BaseException) -> bool:
+    if exc_class is BrokenPipeError:
+        return True
+
+    # On Windows, a broken pipe can show up as EINVAL rather than EPIPE:
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue19612
+    # https://bugs.python.org/issue30418
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        return False
+
+    return isinstance(exc, OSError) and exc.errno in (errno.EINVAL, errno.EPIPE)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def indent_log(num: int = 2) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """
+    A context manager which will cause the log output to be indented for any
+    log messages emitted inside it.
+    """
+    # For thread-safety
+    _log_state.indentation = get_indentation()
+    _log_state.indentation += num
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        _log_state.indentation -= num
+
+
+def get_indentation() -> int:
+    return getattr(_log_state, "indentation", 0)
+
+
+class IndentingFormatter(logging.Formatter):
+    default_time_format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        add_timestamp: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        A logging.Formatter that obeys the indent_log() context manager.
+
+        :param add_timestamp: A bool indicating output lines should be prefixed
+            with their record's timestamp.
+        """
+        self.add_timestamp = add_timestamp
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_message_start(self, formatted: str, levelno: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the start of the formatted log message (not counting the
+        prefix to add to each line).
+        """
+        if levelno < logging.WARNING:
+            return ""
+        if formatted.startswith(DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX):
+            # Then the message already has a prefix.  We don't want it to
+            # look like "WARNING: DEPRECATION: ...."
+            return ""
+        if levelno < logging.ERROR:
+            return "WARNING: "
+
+        return "ERROR: "
+
+    def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        """
+        Calls the standard formatter, but will indent all of the log message
+        lines by our current indentation level.
+        """
+        formatted = super().format(record)
+        message_start = self.get_message_start(formatted, record.levelno)
+        formatted = message_start + formatted
+
+        prefix = ""
+        if self.add_timestamp:
+            prefix = f"{self.formatTime(record)} "
+        prefix += " " * get_indentation()
+        formatted = "".join([prefix + line for line in formatted.splitlines(True)])
+        return formatted
+
+
+@dataclass
+class IndentedRenderable:
+    renderable: RenderableType
+    indent: int
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        segments = console.render(self.renderable, options)
+        lines = Segment.split_lines(segments)
+        for line in lines:
+            yield Segment(" " * self.indent)
+            yield from line
+            yield Segment("\n")
+
+
+class RichPipStreamHandler(RichHandler):
+    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = []
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: Optional[TextIO], no_color: bool) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            console=Console(file=stream, no_color=no_color, soft_wrap=True),
+            show_time=False,
+            show_level=False,
+            show_path=False,
+            highlighter=NullHighlighter(),
+        )
+
+    # Our custom override on Rich's logger, to make things work as we need them to.
+    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        style: Optional[Style] = None
+
+        # If we are given a diagnostic error to present, present it with indentation.
+        assert isinstance(record.args, tuple)
+        if getattr(record, "rich", False):
+            (rich_renderable,) = record.args
+            assert isinstance(
+                rich_renderable, (ConsoleRenderable, RichCast, str)
+            ), f"{rich_renderable} is not rich-console-renderable"
+
+            renderable: RenderableType = IndentedRenderable(
+                rich_renderable, indent=get_indentation()
+            )
+        else:
+            message = self.format(record)
+            renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
+            if record.levelno is not None:
+                if record.levelno >= logging.ERROR:
+                    style = Style(color="red")
+                elif record.levelno >= logging.WARNING:
+                    style = Style(color="yellow")
+
+        try:
+            self.console.print(renderable, overflow="ignore", crop=False, style=style)
+        except Exception:
+            self.handleError(record)
+
+    def handleError(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        """Called when logging is unable to log some output."""
+
+        exc_class, exc = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+        # If a broken pipe occurred while calling write() or flush() on the
+        # stdout stream in logging's Handler.emit(), then raise our special
+        # exception so we can handle it in main() instead of logging the
+        # broken pipe error and continuing.
+        if (
+            exc_class
+            and exc
+            and self.console.file is sys.stdout
+            and _is_broken_pipe_error(exc_class, exc)
+        ):
+            raise BrokenStdoutLoggingError()
+
+        return super().handleError(record)
+
+
+class BetterRotatingFileHandler(logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler):
+    def _open(self) -> TextIOWrapper:
+        ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(self.baseFilename))
+        return super()._open()
+
+
+class MaxLevelFilter(Filter):
+    def __init__(self, level: int) -> None:
+        self.level = level
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        return record.levelno < self.level
+
+
+class ExcludeLoggerFilter(Filter):
+
+    """
+    A logging Filter that excludes records from a logger (or its children).
+    """
+
+    def filter(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> bool:
+        # The base Filter class allows only records from a logger (or its
+        # children).
+        return not super().filter(record)
+
+
+def setup_logging(verbosity: int, no_color: bool, user_log_file: Optional[str]) -> int:
+    """Configures and sets up all of the logging
+
+    Returns the requested logging level, as its integer value.
+    """
+
+    # Determine the level to be logging at.
+    if verbosity >= 2:
+        level_number = logging.DEBUG
+    elif verbosity == 1:
+        level_number = VERBOSE
+    elif verbosity == -1:
+        level_number = logging.WARNING
+    elif verbosity == -2:
+        level_number = logging.ERROR
+    elif verbosity <= -3:
+        level_number = logging.CRITICAL
+    else:
+        level_number = logging.INFO
+
+    level = logging.getLevelName(level_number)
+
+    # The "root" logger should match the "console" level *unless* we also need
+    # to log to a user log file.
+    include_user_log = user_log_file is not None
+    if include_user_log:
+        additional_log_file = user_log_file
+        root_level = "DEBUG"
+    else:
+        additional_log_file = "/dev/null"
+        root_level = level
+
+    # Disable any logging besides WARNING unless we have DEBUG level logging
+    # enabled for vendored libraries.
+    vendored_log_level = "WARNING" if level in ["INFO", "ERROR"] else "DEBUG"
+
+    # Shorthands for clarity
+    log_streams = {
+        "stdout": "ext://sys.stdout",
+        "stderr": "ext://sys.stderr",
+    }
+    handler_classes = {
+        "stream": "pip._internal.utils.logging.RichPipStreamHandler",
+        "file": "pip._internal.utils.logging.BetterRotatingFileHandler",
+    }
+    handlers = ["console", "console_errors", "console_subprocess"] + (
+        ["user_log"] if include_user_log else []
+    )
+
+    logging.config.dictConfig(
+        {
+            "version": 1,
+            "disable_existing_loggers": False,
+            "filters": {
+                "exclude_warnings": {
+                    "()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.MaxLevelFilter",
+                    "level": logging.WARNING,
+                },
+                "restrict_to_subprocess": {
+                    "()": "logging.Filter",
+                    "name": subprocess_logger.name,
+                },
+                "exclude_subprocess": {
+                    "()": "pip._internal.utils.logging.ExcludeLoggerFilter",
+                    "name": subprocess_logger.name,
+                },
+            },
+            "formatters": {
+                "indent": {
+                    "()": IndentingFormatter,
+                    "format": "%(message)s",
+                },
+                "indent_with_timestamp": {
+                    "()": IndentingFormatter,
+                    "format": "%(message)s",
+                    "add_timestamp": True,
+                },
+            },
+            "handlers": {
+                "console": {
+                    "level": level,
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "stream": log_streams["stdout"],
+                    "filters": ["exclude_subprocess", "exclude_warnings"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                "console_errors": {
+                    "level": "WARNING",
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "stream": log_streams["stderr"],
+                    "filters": ["exclude_subprocess"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                # A handler responsible for logging to the console messages
+                # from the "subprocessor" logger.
+                "console_subprocess": {
+                    "level": level,
+                    "class": handler_classes["stream"],
+                    "stream": log_streams["stderr"],
+                    "no_color": no_color,
+                    "filters": ["restrict_to_subprocess"],
+                    "formatter": "indent",
+                },
+                "user_log": {
+                    "level": "DEBUG",
+                    "class": handler_classes["file"],
+                    "filename": additional_log_file,
+                    "encoding": "utf-8",
+                    "delay": True,
+                    "formatter": "indent_with_timestamp",
+                },
+            },
+            "root": {
+                "level": root_level,
+                "handlers": handlers,
+            },
+            "loggers": {"pip._vendor": {"level": vendored_log_level}},
+        }
+    )
+
+    return level_number
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ad3f61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import getpass
+import hashlib
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import shutil
+import stat
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import urllib.parse
+from functools import partial
+from io import StringIO
+from itertools import filterfalse, tee, zip_longest
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    ContextManager,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+from pip._vendor.pyproject_hooks import BuildBackendHookCaller
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import retry, stop_after_delay, wait_fixed
+
+from pip import __version__
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, ExternallyManagedEnvironment
+from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv
+
+__all__ = [
+    "rmtree",
+    "display_path",
+    "backup_dir",
+    "ask",
+    "splitext",
+    "format_size",
+    "is_installable_dir",
+    "normalize_path",
+    "renames",
+    "get_prog",
+    "captured_stdout",
+    "ensure_dir",
+    "remove_auth_from_url",
+    "check_externally_managed",
+    "ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller",
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+ExcInfo = Tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
+VersionInfo = Tuple[int, int, int]
+NetlocTuple = Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]
+OnExc = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, BaseException], Any]
+OnErr = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, ExcInfo], Any]
+
+
+def get_pip_version() -> str:
+    pip_pkg_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "..")
+    pip_pkg_dir = os.path.abspath(pip_pkg_dir)
+
+    return f"pip {__version__} from {pip_pkg_dir} (python {get_major_minor_version()})"
+
+
+def normalize_version_info(py_version_info: Tuple[int, ...]) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """
+    Convert a tuple of ints representing a Python version to one of length
+    three.
+
+    :param py_version_info: a tuple of ints representing a Python version,
+        or None to specify no version. The tuple can have any length.
+
+    :return: a tuple of length three if `py_version_info` is non-None.
+        Otherwise, return `py_version_info` unchanged (i.e. None).
+    """
+    if len(py_version_info) < 3:
+        py_version_info += (3 - len(py_version_info)) * (0,)
+    elif len(py_version_info) > 3:
+        py_version_info = py_version_info[:3]
+
+    return cast("VersionInfo", py_version_info)
+
+
+def ensure_dir(path: str) -> None:
+    """os.path.makedirs without EEXIST."""
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(path)
+    except OSError as e:
+        # Windows can raise spurious ENOTEMPTY errors. See #6426.
+        if e.errno != errno.EEXIST and e.errno != errno.ENOTEMPTY:
+            raise
+
+
+def get_prog() -> str:
+    try:
+        prog = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
+        if prog in ("__main__.py", "-c"):
+            return f"{sys.executable} -m pip"
+        else:
+            return prog
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
+        pass
+    return "pip"
+
+
+# Retry every half second for up to 3 seconds
+# Tenacity raises RetryError by default, explicitly raise the original exception
+@retry(reraise=True, stop=stop_after_delay(3), wait=wait_fixed(0.5))
+def rmtree(
+    dir: str,
+    ignore_errors: bool = False,
+    onexc: Optional[OnExc] = None,
+) -> None:
+    if ignore_errors:
+        onexc = _onerror_ignore
+    if onexc is None:
+        onexc = _onerror_reraise
+    handler: OnErr = partial(
+        # `[func, path, Union[ExcInfo, BaseException]] -> Any` is equivalent to
+        # `Union[([func, path, ExcInfo] -> Any), ([func, path, BaseException] -> Any)]`.
+        cast(Union[OnExc, OnErr], rmtree_errorhandler),
+        onexc=onexc,
+    )
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3.12/whatsnew/3.12.html#shutil.
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onexc=handler)  # type: ignore
+    else:
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onerror=handler)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def _onerror_ignore(*_args: Any) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def _onerror_reraise(*_args: Any) -> None:
+    raise
+
+
+def rmtree_errorhandler(
+    func: FunctionType,
+    path: Path,
+    exc_info: Union[ExcInfo, BaseException],
+    *,
+    onexc: OnExc = _onerror_reraise,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    `rmtree` error handler to 'force' a file remove (i.e. like `rm -f`).
+
+    * If a file is readonly then it's write flag is set and operation is
+      retried.
+
+    * `onerror` is the original callback from `rmtree(... onerror=onerror)`
+      that is chained at the end if the "rm -f" still fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        st_mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+    except OSError:
+        # it's equivalent to os.path.exists
+        return
+
+    if not st_mode & stat.S_IWRITE:
+        # convert to read/write
+        try:
+            os.chmod(path, st_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # use the original function to repeat the operation
+            try:
+                func(path)
+                return
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    if not isinstance(exc_info, BaseException):
+        _, exc_info, _ = exc_info
+    onexc(func, path, exc_info)
+
+
+def display_path(path: str) -> str:
+    """Gives the display value for a given path, making it relative to cwd
+    if possible."""
+    path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(path))
+    if path.startswith(os.getcwd() + os.path.sep):
+        path = "." + path[len(os.getcwd()) :]
+    return path
+
+
+def backup_dir(dir: str, ext: str = ".bak") -> str:
+    """Figure out the name of a directory to back up the given dir to
+    (adding .bak, .bak2, etc)"""
+    n = 1
+    extension = ext
+    while os.path.exists(dir + extension):
+        n += 1
+        extension = ext + str(n)
+    return dir + extension
+
+
+def ask_path_exists(message: str, options: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    for action in os.environ.get("PIP_EXISTS_ACTION", "").split():
+        if action in options:
+            return action
+    return ask(message, options)
+
+
+def _check_no_input(message: str) -> None:
+    """Raise an error if no input is allowed."""
+    if os.environ.get("PIP_NO_INPUT"):
+        raise Exception(
+            f"No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: {message}"
+        )
+
+
+def ask(message: str, options: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    """Ask the message interactively, with the given possible responses"""
+    while 1:
+        _check_no_input(message)
+        response = input(message)
+        response = response.strip().lower()
+        if response not in options:
+            print(
+                "Your response ({!r}) was not one of the expected responses: "
+                "{}".format(response, ", ".join(options))
+            )
+        else:
+            return response
+
+
+def ask_input(message: str) -> str:
+    """Ask for input interactively."""
+    _check_no_input(message)
+    return input(message)
+
+
+def ask_password(message: str) -> str:
+    """Ask for a password interactively."""
+    _check_no_input(message)
+    return getpass.getpass(message)
+
+
+def strtobool(val: str) -> int:
+    """Convert a string representation of truth to true (1) or false (0).
+
+    True values are 'y', 'yes', 't', 'true', 'on', and '1'; false values
+    are 'n', 'no', 'f', 'false', 'off', and '0'.  Raises ValueError if
+    'val' is anything else.
+    """
+    val = val.lower()
+    if val in ("y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"):
+        return 1
+    elif val in ("n", "no", "f", "false", "off", "0"):
+        return 0
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid truth value {val!r}")
+
+
+def format_size(bytes: float) -> str:
+    if bytes > 1000 * 1000:
+        return f"{bytes / 1000.0 / 1000:.1f} MB"
+    elif bytes > 10 * 1000:
+        return f"{int(bytes / 1000)} kB"
+    elif bytes > 1000:
+        return f"{bytes / 1000.0:.1f} kB"
+    else:
+        return f"{int(bytes)} bytes"
+
+
+def tabulate(rows: Iterable[Iterable[Any]]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[int]]:
+    """Return a list of formatted rows and a list of column sizes.
+
+    For example::
+
+    >>> tabulate([['foobar', 2000], [0xdeadbeef]])
+    (['foobar     2000', '3735928559'], [10, 4])
+    """
+    rows = [tuple(map(str, row)) for row in rows]
+    sizes = [max(map(len, col)) for col in zip_longest(*rows, fillvalue="")]
+    table = [" ".join(map(str.ljust, row, sizes)).rstrip() for row in rows]
+    return table, sizes
+
+
+def is_installable_dir(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Is path is a directory containing pyproject.toml or setup.py?
+
+    If pyproject.toml exists, this is a PEP 517 project. Otherwise we look for
+    a legacy setuptools layout by identifying setup.py. We don't check for the
+    setup.cfg because using it without setup.py is only available for PEP 517
+    projects, which are already covered by the pyproject.toml check.
+    """
+    if not os.path.isdir(path):
+        return False
+    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, "pyproject.toml")):
+        return True
+    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, "setup.py")):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def read_chunks(
+    file: BinaryIO, size: int = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+    """Yield pieces of data from a file-like object until EOF."""
+    while True:
+        chunk = file.read(size)
+        if not chunk:
+            break
+        yield chunk
+
+
+def normalize_path(path: str, resolve_symlinks: bool = True) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a path to its canonical, case-normalized, absolute version.
+
+    """
+    path = os.path.expanduser(path)
+    if resolve_symlinks:
+        path = os.path.realpath(path)
+    else:
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+    return os.path.normcase(path)
+
+
+def splitext(path: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Like os.path.splitext, but take off .tar too"""
+    base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
+    if base.lower().endswith(".tar"):
+        ext = base[-4:] + ext
+        base = base[:-4]
+    return base, ext
+
+
+def renames(old: str, new: str) -> None:
+    """Like os.renames(), but handles renaming across devices."""
+    # Implementation borrowed from os.renames().
+    head, tail = os.path.split(new)
+    if head and tail and not os.path.exists(head):
+        os.makedirs(head)
+
+    shutil.move(old, new)
+
+    head, tail = os.path.split(old)
+    if head and tail:
+        try:
+            os.removedirs(head)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+
+def is_local(path: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if path is within sys.prefix, if we're running in a virtualenv.
+
+    If we're not in a virtualenv, all paths are considered "local."
+
+    Caution: this function assumes the head of path has been normalized
+    with normalize_path.
+    """
+    if not running_under_virtualenv():
+        return True
+    return path.startswith(normalize_path(sys.prefix))
+
+
+def write_output(msg: Any, *args: Any) -> None:
+    logger.info(msg, *args)
+
+
+class StreamWrapper(StringIO):
+    orig_stream: TextIO
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_stream(cls, orig_stream: TextIO) -> "StreamWrapper":
+        ret = cls()
+        ret.orig_stream = orig_stream
+        return ret
+
+    # compileall.compile_dir() needs stdout.encoding to print to stdout
+    # type ignore is because TextIOBase.encoding is writeable
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        return self.orig_stream.encoding
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def captured_output(stream_name: str) -> Generator[StreamWrapper, None, None]:
+    """Return a context manager used by captured_stdout/stdin/stderr
+    that temporarily replaces the sys stream *stream_name* with a StringIO.
+
+    Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
+    """
+    orig_stdout = getattr(sys, stream_name)
+    setattr(sys, stream_name, StreamWrapper.from_stream(orig_stdout))
+    try:
+        yield getattr(sys, stream_name)
+    finally:
+        setattr(sys, stream_name, orig_stdout)
+
+
+def captured_stdout() -> ContextManager[StreamWrapper]:
+    """Capture the output of sys.stdout:
+
+       with captured_stdout() as stdout:
+           print('hello')
+       self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'hello\n')
+
+    Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
+    """
+    return captured_output("stdout")
+
+
+def captured_stderr() -> ContextManager[StreamWrapper]:
+    """
+    See captured_stdout().
+    """
+    return captured_output("stderr")
+
+
+# Simulates an enum
+def enum(*sequential: Any, **named: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+    enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
+    reverse = {value: key for key, value in enums.items()}
+    enums["reverse_mapping"] = reverse
+    return type("Enum", (), enums)
+
+
+def build_netloc(host: str, port: Optional[int]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a netloc from a host-port pair
+    """
+    if port is None:
+        return host
+    if ":" in host:
+        # Only wrap host with square brackets when it is IPv6
+        host = f"[{host}]"
+    return f"{host}:{port}"
+
+
+def build_url_from_netloc(netloc: str, scheme: str = "https") -> str:
+    """
+    Build a full URL from a netloc.
+    """
+    if netloc.count(":") >= 2 and "@" not in netloc and "[" not in netloc:
+        # It must be a bare IPv6 address, so wrap it with brackets.
+        netloc = f"[{netloc}]"
+    return f"{scheme}://{netloc}"
+
+
+def parse_netloc(netloc: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
+    """
+    Return the host-port pair from a netloc.
+    """
+    url = build_url_from_netloc(netloc)
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    return parsed.hostname, parsed.port
+
+
+def split_auth_from_netloc(netloc: str) -> NetlocTuple:
+    """
+    Parse out and remove the auth information from a netloc.
+
+    Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
+    """
+    if "@" not in netloc:
+        return netloc, (None, None)
+
+    # Split from the right because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
+    # behaves if more than one @ is present (which can be checked using
+    # the password attribute of urlsplit()'s return value).
+    auth, netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)
+    pw: Optional[str] = None
+    if ":" in auth:
+        # Split from the left because that's how urllib.parse.urlsplit()
+        # behaves if more than one : is present (which again can be checked
+        # using the password attribute of the return value)
+        user, pw = auth.split(":", 1)
+    else:
+        user, pw = auth, None
+
+    user = urllib.parse.unquote(user)
+    if pw is not None:
+        pw = urllib.parse.unquote(pw)
+
+    return netloc, (user, pw)
+
+
+def redact_netloc(netloc: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Replace the sensitive data in a netloc with "****", if it exists.
+
+    For example:
+        - "user:pass@example.com" returns "user:****@example.com"
+        - "accesstoken@example.com" returns "****@example.com"
+    """
+    netloc, (user, password) = split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+    if user is None:
+        return netloc
+    if password is None:
+        user = "****"
+        password = ""
+    else:
+        user = urllib.parse.quote(user)
+        password = ":****"
+    return f"{user}{password}@{netloc}"
+
+
+def _transform_url(
+    url: str, transform_netloc: Callable[[str], Tuple[Any, ...]]
+) -> Tuple[str, NetlocTuple]:
+    """Transform and replace netloc in a url.
+
+    transform_netloc is a function taking the netloc and returning a
+    tuple. The first element of this tuple is the new netloc. The
+    entire tuple is returned.
+
+    Returns a tuple containing the transformed url as item 0 and the
+    original tuple returned by transform_netloc as item 1.
+    """
+    purl = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+    netloc_tuple = transform_netloc(purl.netloc)
+    # stripped url
+    url_pieces = (purl.scheme, netloc_tuple[0], purl.path, purl.query, purl.fragment)
+    surl = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(url_pieces)
+    return surl, cast("NetlocTuple", netloc_tuple)
+
+
+def _get_netloc(netloc: str) -> NetlocTuple:
+    return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+
+
+def _redact_netloc(netloc: str) -> Tuple[str]:
+    return (redact_netloc(netloc),)
+
+
+def split_auth_netloc_from_url(
+    url: str,
+) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+    """
+    Parse a url into separate netloc, auth, and url with no auth.
+
+    Returns: (url_without_auth, netloc, (username, password))
+    """
+    url_without_auth, (netloc, auth) = _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)
+    return url_without_auth, netloc, auth
+
+
+def remove_auth_from_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """Return a copy of url with 'username:password@' removed."""
+    # username/pass params are passed to subversion through flags
+    # and are not recognized in the url.
+    return _transform_url(url, _get_netloc)[0]
+
+
+def redact_auth_from_url(url: str) -> str:
+    """Replace the password in a given url with ****."""
+    return _transform_url(url, _redact_netloc)[0]
+
+
+def redact_auth_from_requirement(req: Requirement) -> str:
+    """Replace the password in a given requirement url with ****."""
+    if not req.url:
+        return str(req)
+    return str(req).replace(req.url, redact_auth_from_url(req.url))
+
+
+class HiddenText:
+    def __init__(self, secret: str, redacted: str) -> None:
+        self.secret = secret
+        self.redacted = redacted
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<HiddenText {str(self)!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.redacted
+
+    # This is useful for testing.
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            return False
+
+        # The string being used for redaction doesn't also have to match,
+        # just the raw, original string.
+        return self.secret == other.secret
+
+
+def hide_value(value: str) -> HiddenText:
+    return HiddenText(value, redacted="****")
+
+
+def hide_url(url: str) -> HiddenText:
+    redacted = redact_auth_from_url(url)
+    return HiddenText(url, redacted=redacted)
+
+
+def protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip: bool) -> None:
+    """Protection of pip.exe from modification on Windows
+
+    On Windows, any operation modifying pip should be run as:
+        python -m pip ...
+    """
+    pip_names = [
+        "pip",
+        f"pip{sys.version_info.major}",
+        f"pip{sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor}",
+    ]
+
+    # See https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1299 for more discussion
+    should_show_use_python_msg = (
+        modifying_pip and WINDOWS and os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) in pip_names
+    )
+
+    if should_show_use_python_msg:
+        new_command = [sys.executable, "-m", "pip"] + sys.argv[1:]
+        raise CommandError(
+            "To modify pip, please run the following command:\n{}".format(
+                " ".join(new_command)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def check_externally_managed() -> None:
+    """Check whether the current environment is externally managed.
+
+    If the ``EXTERNALLY-MANAGED`` config file is found, the current environment
+    is considered externally managed, and an ExternallyManagedEnvironment is
+    raised.
+    """
+    if running_under_virtualenv():
+        return
+    marker = os.path.join(sysconfig.get_path("stdlib"), "EXTERNALLY-MANAGED")
+    if not os.path.isfile(marker):
+        return
+    raise ExternallyManagedEnvironment.from_config(marker)
+
+
+def is_console_interactive() -> bool:
+    """Is this console interactive?"""
+    return sys.stdin is not None and sys.stdin.isatty()
+
+
+def hash_file(path: str, blocksize: int = 1 << 20) -> Tuple[Any, int]:
+    """Return (hash, length) for path using hashlib.sha256()"""
+
+    h = hashlib.sha256()
+    length = 0
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        for block in read_chunks(f, size=blocksize):
+            length += len(block)
+            h.update(block)
+    return h, length
+
+
+def pairwise(iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Any, Any]]:
+    """
+    Return paired elements.
+
+    For example:
+        s -> (s0, s1), (s2, s3), (s4, s5), ...
+    """
+    iterable = iter(iterable)
+    return zip_longest(iterable, iterable)
+
+
+def partition(
+    pred: Callable[[T], bool],
+    iterable: Iterable[T],
+) -> Tuple[Iterable[T], Iterable[T]]:
+    """
+    Use a predicate to partition entries into false entries and true entries,
+    like
+
+        partition(is_odd, range(10)) --> 0 2 4 6 8   and  1 3 5 7 9
+    """
+    t1, t2 = tee(iterable)
+    return filterfalse(pred, t1), filter(pred, t2)
+
+
+class ConfiguredBuildBackendHookCaller(BuildBackendHookCaller):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config_holder: Any,
+        source_dir: str,
+        build_backend: str,
+        backend_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        runner: Optional[Callable[..., None]] = None,
+        python_executable: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            source_dir, build_backend, backend_path, runner, python_executable
+        )
+        self.config_holder = config_holder
+
+    def build_wheel(
+        self,
+        wheel_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_wheel(
+            wheel_directory, config_settings=cs, metadata_directory=metadata_directory
+        )
+
+    def build_sdist(
+        self,
+        sdist_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings=cs)
+
+    def build_editable(
+        self,
+        wheel_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        metadata_directory: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().build_editable(
+            wheel_directory, config_settings=cs, metadata_directory=metadata_directory
+        )
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_wheel(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_sdist(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_editable(
+        self, config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().get_requires_for_build_editable(config_settings=cs)
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+        self,
+        metadata_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        _allow_fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+            metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            config_settings=cs,
+            _allow_fallback=_allow_fallback,
+        )
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+        self,
+        metadata_directory: str,
+        config_settings: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]] = None,
+        _allow_fallback: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        cs = self.config_holder.config_settings
+        return super().prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+            metadata_directory=metadata_directory,
+            config_settings=cs,
+            _allow_fallback=_allow_fallback,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6bb21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Utilities for defining models
+"""
+
+import operator
+from typing import Any, Callable, Type
+
+
+class KeyBasedCompareMixin:
+    """Provides comparison capabilities that is based on a key"""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_compare_key", "_defining_class"]
+
+    def __init__(self, key: Any, defining_class: Type["KeyBasedCompareMixin"]) -> None:
+        self._compare_key = key
+        self._defining_class = defining_class
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._compare_key)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__lt__)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__le__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__gt__)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__ge__)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self._compare(other, operator.__eq__)
+
+    def _compare(self, other: Any, method: Callable[[Any, Any], bool]) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self._defining_class):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return method(self._compare_key, other._compare_key)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f6af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/packaging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import functools
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import NewType, Optional, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging import specifiers, version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
+
+NormalizedExtra = NewType("NormalizedExtra", str)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def check_requires_python(
+    requires_python: Optional[str], version_info: Tuple[int, ...]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if the given Python version matches a "Requires-Python" specifier.
+
+    :param version_info: A 3-tuple of ints representing a Python
+        major-minor-micro version to check (e.g. `sys.version_info[:3]`).
+
+    :return: `True` if the given Python version satisfies the requirement.
+        Otherwise, return `False`.
+
+    :raises InvalidSpecifier: If `requires_python` has an invalid format.
+    """
+    if requires_python is None:
+        # The package provides no information
+        return True
+    requires_python_specifier = specifiers.SpecifierSet(requires_python)
+
+    python_version = version.parse(".".join(map(str, version_info)))
+    return python_version in requires_python_specifier
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=512)
+def get_requirement(req_string: str) -> Requirement:
+    """Construct a packaging.Requirement object with caching"""
+    # Parsing requirement strings is expensive, and is also expected to happen
+    # with a low diversity of different arguments (at least relative the number
+    # constructed). This method adds a cache to requirement object creation to
+    # minimize repeated parsing of the same string to construct equivalent
+    # Requirement objects.
+    return Requirement(req_string)
+
+
+def safe_extra(extra: str) -> NormalizedExtra:
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard 'extra' name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a single '_',
+    and the result is always lowercased.
+
+    This function is duplicated from ``pkg_resources``. Note that this is not
+    the same to either ``canonicalize_name`` or ``_egg_link_name``.
+    """
+    return cast(NormalizedExtra, re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+", "_", extra).lower())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d1b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/setuptools_build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from typing import List, Optional, Sequence
+
+# Shim to wrap setup.py invocation with setuptools
+# Note that __file__ is handled via two {!r} *and* %r, to ensure that paths on
+# Windows are correctly handled (it should be "C:\\Users" not "C:\Users").
+_SETUPTOOLS_SHIM = textwrap.dedent(
+    """
+    exec(compile('''
+    # This is <pip-setuptools-caller> -- a caller that pip uses to run setup.py
+    #
+    # - It imports setuptools before invoking setup.py, to enable projects that directly
+    #   import from `distutils.core` to work with newer packaging standards.
+    # - It provides a clear error message when setuptools is not installed.
+    # - It sets `sys.argv[0]` to the underlying `setup.py`, when invoking `setup.py` so
+    #   setuptools doesn't think the script is `-c`. This avoids the following warning:
+    #     manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found".
+    # - It generates a shim setup.py, for handling setup.cfg-only projects.
+    import os, sys, tokenize
+
+    try:
+        import setuptools
+    except ImportError as error:
+        print(
+            "ERROR: Can not execute `setup.py` since setuptools is not available in "
+            "the build environment.",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    __file__ = %r
+    sys.argv[0] = __file__
+
+    if os.path.exists(__file__):
+        filename = __file__
+        with tokenize.open(__file__) as f:
+            setup_py_code = f.read()
+    else:
+        filename = "<auto-generated setuptools caller>"
+        setup_py_code = "from setuptools import setup; setup()"
+
+    exec(compile(setup_py_code, filename, "exec"))
+    ''' % ({!r},), "<pip-setuptools-caller>", "exec"))
+    """
+).rstrip()
+
+
+def make_setuptools_shim_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None,
+    no_user_config: bool = False,
+    unbuffered_output: bool = False,
+) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Get setuptools command arguments with shim wrapped setup file invocation.
+
+    :param setup_py_path: The path to setup.py to be wrapped.
+    :param global_options: Additional global options.
+    :param no_user_config: If True, disables personal user configuration.
+    :param unbuffered_output: If True, adds the unbuffered switch to the
+     argument list.
+    """
+    args = [sys.executable]
+    if unbuffered_output:
+        args += ["-u"]
+    args += ["-c", _SETUPTOOLS_SHIM.format(setup_py_path)]
+    if global_options:
+        args += global_options
+    if no_user_config:
+        args += ["--no-user-cfg"]
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_bdist_wheel_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    build_options: Sequence[str],
+    destination_dir: str,
+) -> List[str]:
+    # NOTE: Eventually, we'd want to also -S to the flags here, when we're
+    # isolating. Currently, it breaks Python in virtualenvs, because it
+    # relies on site.py to find parts of the standard library outside the
+    # virtualenv.
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path, global_options=global_options, unbuffered_output=True
+    )
+    args += ["bdist_wheel", "-d", destination_dir]
+    args += build_options
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_clean_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+) -> List[str]:
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path, global_options=global_options, unbuffered_output=True
+    )
+    args += ["clean", "--all"]
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_develop_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    *,
+    global_options: Sequence[str],
+    no_user_config: bool,
+    prefix: Optional[str],
+    home: Optional[str],
+    use_user_site: bool,
+) -> List[str]:
+    assert not (use_user_site and prefix)
+
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(
+        setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+        no_user_config=no_user_config,
+    )
+
+    args += ["develop", "--no-deps"]
+
+    if prefix:
+        args += ["--prefix", prefix]
+    if home is not None:
+        args += ["--install-dir", home]
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        args += ["--user", "--prefix="]
+
+    return args
+
+
+def make_setuptools_egg_info_args(
+    setup_py_path: str,
+    egg_info_dir: Optional[str],
+    no_user_config: bool,
+) -> List[str]:
+    args = make_setuptools_shim_args(setup_py_path, no_user_config=no_user_config)
+
+    args += ["egg_info"]
+
+    if egg_info_dir:
+        args += ["--egg-base", egg_info_dir]
+
+    return args
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79580b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.markup import escape
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface, open_spinner
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationSubprocessError
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import VERBOSE, subprocess_logger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Literal was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove `if TYPE_CHECKING` when dropping support for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import Literal
+
+CommandArgs = List[Union[str, HiddenText]]
+
+
+def make_command(*args: Union[str, HiddenText, CommandArgs]) -> CommandArgs:
+    """
+    Create a CommandArgs object.
+    """
+    command_args: CommandArgs = []
+    for arg in args:
+        # Check for list instead of CommandArgs since CommandArgs is
+        # only known during type-checking.
+        if isinstance(arg, list):
+            command_args.extend(arg)
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, arg is str or HiddenText.
+            command_args.append(arg)
+
+    return command_args
+
+
+def format_command_args(args: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> str:
+    """
+    Format command arguments for display.
+    """
+    # For HiddenText arguments, display the redacted form by calling str().
+    # Also, we don't apply str() to arguments that aren't HiddenText since
+    # this can trigger a UnicodeDecodeError in Python 2 if the argument
+    # has type unicode and includes a non-ascii character.  (The type
+    # checker doesn't ensure the annotations are correct in all cases.)
+    return " ".join(
+        shlex.quote(str(arg)) if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else shlex.quote(arg)
+        for arg in args
+    )
+
+
+def reveal_command_args(args: Union[List[str], CommandArgs]) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Return the arguments in their raw, unredacted form.
+    """
+    return [arg.secret if isinstance(arg, HiddenText) else arg for arg in args]
+
+
+def call_subprocess(
+    cmd: Union[List[str], CommandArgs],
+    show_stdout: bool = False,
+    cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+    on_returncode: 'Literal["raise", "warn", "ignore"]' = "raise",
+    extra_ok_returncodes: Optional[Iterable[int]] = None,
+    extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+    unset_environ: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    spinner: Optional[SpinnerInterface] = None,
+    log_failed_cmd: Optional[bool] = True,
+    stdout_only: Optional[bool] = False,
+    *,
+    command_desc: str,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Args:
+      show_stdout: if true, use INFO to log the subprocess's stderr and
+        stdout streams.  Otherwise, use DEBUG.  Defaults to False.
+      extra_ok_returncodes: an iterable of integer return codes that are
+        acceptable, in addition to 0. Defaults to None, which means [].
+      unset_environ: an iterable of environment variable names to unset
+        prior to calling subprocess.Popen().
+      log_failed_cmd: if false, failed commands are not logged, only raised.
+      stdout_only: if true, return only stdout, else return both. When true,
+        logging of both stdout and stderr occurs when the subprocess has
+        terminated, else logging occurs as subprocess output is produced.
+    """
+    if extra_ok_returncodes is None:
+        extra_ok_returncodes = []
+    if unset_environ is None:
+        unset_environ = []
+    # Most places in pip use show_stdout=False. What this means is--
+    #
+    # - We connect the child's output (combined stderr and stdout) to a
+    #   single pipe, which we read.
+    # - We log this output to stderr at DEBUG level as it is received.
+    # - If DEBUG logging isn't enabled (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't
+    #   requested), then we show a spinner so the user can still see the
+    #   subprocess is in progress.
+    # - If the subprocess exits with an error, we log the output to stderr
+    #   at ERROR level if it hasn't already been displayed to the console
+    #   (e.g. if --verbose logging wasn't enabled).  This way we don't log
+    #   the output to the console twice.
+    #
+    # If show_stdout=True, then the above is still done, but with DEBUG
+    # replaced by INFO.
+    if show_stdout:
+        # Then log the subprocess output at INFO level.
+        log_subprocess: Callable[..., None] = subprocess_logger.info
+        used_level = logging.INFO
+    else:
+        # Then log the subprocess output using VERBOSE.  This also ensures
+        # it will be logged to the log file (aka user_log), if enabled.
+        log_subprocess = subprocess_logger.verbose
+        used_level = VERBOSE
+
+    # Whether the subprocess will be visible in the console.
+    showing_subprocess = subprocess_logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= used_level
+
+    # Only use the spinner if we're not showing the subprocess output
+    # and we have a spinner.
+    use_spinner = not showing_subprocess and spinner is not None
+
+    log_subprocess("Running command %s", command_desc)
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+    for name in unset_environ:
+        env.pop(name, None)
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(
+            # Convert HiddenText objects to the underlying str.
+            reveal_command_args(cmd),
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT if not stdout_only else subprocess.PIPE,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            env=env,
+            errors="backslashreplace",
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:
+        if log_failed_cmd:
+            subprocess_logger.critical(
+                "Error %s while executing command %s",
+                exc,
+                command_desc,
+            )
+        raise
+    all_output = []
+    if not stdout_only:
+        assert proc.stdout
+        assert proc.stdin
+        proc.stdin.close()
+        # In this mode, stdout and stderr are in the same pipe.
+        while True:
+            line: str = proc.stdout.readline()
+            if not line:
+                break
+            line = line.rstrip()
+            all_output.append(line + "\n")
+
+            # Show the line immediately.
+            log_subprocess(line)
+            # Update the spinner.
+            if use_spinner:
+                assert spinner
+                spinner.spin()
+        try:
+            proc.wait()
+        finally:
+            if proc.stdout:
+                proc.stdout.close()
+        output = "".join(all_output)
+    else:
+        # In this mode, stdout and stderr are in different pipes.
+        # We must use communicate() which is the only safe way to read both.
+        out, err = proc.communicate()
+        # log line by line to preserve pip log indenting
+        for out_line in out.splitlines():
+            log_subprocess(out_line)
+        all_output.append(out)
+        for err_line in err.splitlines():
+            log_subprocess(err_line)
+        all_output.append(err)
+        output = out
+
+    proc_had_error = proc.returncode and proc.returncode not in extra_ok_returncodes
+    if use_spinner:
+        assert spinner
+        if proc_had_error:
+            spinner.finish("error")
+        else:
+            spinner.finish("done")
+    if proc_had_error:
+        if on_returncode == "raise":
+            error = InstallationSubprocessError(
+                command_description=command_desc,
+                exit_code=proc.returncode,
+                output_lines=all_output if not showing_subprocess else None,
+            )
+            if log_failed_cmd:
+                subprocess_logger.error("%s", error, extra={"rich": True})
+                subprocess_logger.verbose(
+                    "[bold magenta]full command[/]: [blue]%s[/]",
+                    escape(format_command_args(cmd)),
+                    extra={"markup": True},
+                )
+                subprocess_logger.verbose(
+                    "[bold magenta]cwd[/]: %s",
+                    escape(cwd or "[inherit]"),
+                    extra={"markup": True},
+                )
+
+            raise error
+        elif on_returncode == "warn":
+            subprocess_logger.warning(
+                'Command "%s" had error code %s in %s',
+                command_desc,
+                proc.returncode,
+                cwd,
+            )
+        elif on_returncode == "ignore":
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value: on_returncode={on_returncode!r}")
+    return output
+
+
+def runner_with_spinner_message(message: str) -> Callable[..., None]:
+    """Provide a subprocess_runner that shows a spinner message.
+
+    Intended for use with for BuildBackendHookCaller. Thus, the runner has
+    an API that matches what's expected by BuildBackendHookCaller.subprocess_runner.
+    """
+
+    def runner(
+        cmd: List[str],
+        cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        with open_spinner(message) as spinner:
+            call_subprocess(
+                cmd,
+                command_desc=message,
+                cwd=cwd,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+                spinner=spinner,
+            )
+
+    return runner
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eec5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+import errno
+import itertools
+import logging
+import os.path
+import tempfile
+import traceback
+from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import enum, rmtree
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", bound="TempDirectory")
+
+
+# Kinds of temporary directories. Only needed for ones that are
+# globally-managed.
+tempdir_kinds = enum(
+    BUILD_ENV="build-env",
+    EPHEM_WHEEL_CACHE="ephem-wheel-cache",
+    REQ_BUILD="req-build",
+)
+
+
+_tempdir_manager: Optional[ExitStack] = None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def global_tempdir_manager() -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    global _tempdir_manager
+    with ExitStack() as stack:
+        old_tempdir_manager, _tempdir_manager = _tempdir_manager, stack
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            _tempdir_manager = old_tempdir_manager
+
+
+class TempDirectoryTypeRegistry:
+    """Manages temp directory behavior"""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._should_delete: Dict[str, bool] = {}
+
+    def set_delete(self, kind: str, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Indicate whether a TempDirectory of the given kind should be
+        auto-deleted.
+        """
+        self._should_delete[kind] = value
+
+    def get_delete(self, kind: str) -> bool:
+        """Get configured auto-delete flag for a given TempDirectory type,
+        default True.
+        """
+        return self._should_delete.get(kind, True)
+
+
+_tempdir_registry: Optional[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry] = None
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def tempdir_registry() -> Generator[TempDirectoryTypeRegistry, None, None]:
+    """Provides a scoped global tempdir registry that can be used to dictate
+    whether directories should be deleted.
+    """
+    global _tempdir_registry
+    old_tempdir_registry = _tempdir_registry
+    _tempdir_registry = TempDirectoryTypeRegistry()
+    try:
+        yield _tempdir_registry
+    finally:
+        _tempdir_registry = old_tempdir_registry
+
+
+class _Default:
+    pass
+
+
+_default = _Default()
+
+
+class TempDirectory:
+    """Helper class that owns and cleans up a temporary directory.
+
+    This class can be used as a context manager or as an OO representation of a
+    temporary directory.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path
+            Location to the created temporary directory
+        delete
+            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
+            (when used as a contextmanager)
+
+    Methods:
+        cleanup()
+            Deletes the temporary directory
+
+    When used as a context manager, if the delete attribute is True, on
+    exiting the context the temporary directory is deleted.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        delete: Union[bool, None, _Default] = _default,
+        kind: str = "temp",
+        globally_managed: bool = False,
+        ignore_cleanup_errors: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        if delete is _default:
+            if path is not None:
+                # If we were given an explicit directory, resolve delete option
+                # now.
+                delete = False
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, we wait until cleanup and see what
+                # tempdir_registry says.
+                delete = None
+
+        # The only time we specify path is in for editables where it
+        # is the value of the --src option.
+        if path is None:
+            path = self._create(kind)
+
+        self._path = path
+        self._deleted = False
+        self.delete = delete
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.ignore_cleanup_errors = ignore_cleanup_errors
+
+        if globally_managed:
+            assert _tempdir_manager is not None
+            _tempdir_manager.enter_context(self)
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        assert not self._deleted, f"Attempted to access deleted path: {self._path}"
+        return self._path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.path!r}>"
+
+    def __enter__(self: _T) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc: Any, value: Any, tb: Any) -> None:
+        if self.delete is not None:
+            delete = self.delete
+        elif _tempdir_registry:
+            delete = _tempdir_registry.get_delete(self.kind)
+        else:
+            delete = True
+
+        if delete:
+            self.cleanup()
+
+    def _create(self, kind: str) -> str:
+        """Create a temporary directory and store its path in self.path"""
+        # We realpath here because some systems have their default tmpdir
+        # symlinked to another directory.  This tends to confuse build
+        # scripts, so we canonicalize the path by traversing potential
+        # symlinks here.
+        path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
+        logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
+        return path
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        """Remove the temporary directory created and reset state"""
+        self._deleted = True
+        if not os.path.exists(self._path):
+            return
+
+        errors: List[BaseException] = []
+
+        def onerror(
+            func: Callable[..., Any],
+            path: Path,
+            exc_val: BaseException,
+        ) -> None:
+            """Log a warning for a `rmtree` error and continue"""
+            formatted_exc = "\n".join(
+                traceback.format_exception_only(type(exc_val), exc_val)
+            )
+            formatted_exc = formatted_exc.rstrip()  # remove trailing new line
+            if func in (os.unlink, os.remove, os.rmdir):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Failed to remove a temporary file '%s' due to %s.\n",
+                    path,
+                    formatted_exc,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.debug("%s failed with %s.", func.__qualname__, formatted_exc)
+            errors.append(exc_val)
+
+        if self.ignore_cleanup_errors:
+            try:
+                # first try with tenacity; retrying to handle ephemeral errors
+                rmtree(self._path, ignore_errors=False)
+            except OSError:
+                # last pass ignore/log all errors
+                rmtree(self._path, onexc=onerror)
+            if errors:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Failed to remove contents in a temporary directory '%s'.\n"
+                    "You can safely remove it manually.",
+                    self._path,
+                )
+        else:
+            rmtree(self._path)
+
+
+class AdjacentTempDirectory(TempDirectory):
+    """Helper class that creates a temporary directory adjacent to a real one.
+
+    Attributes:
+        original
+            The original directory to create a temp directory for.
+        path
+            After calling create() or entering, contains the full
+            path to the temporary directory.
+        delete
+            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
+            (when used as a contextmanager)
+
+    """
+
+    # The characters that may be used to name the temp directory
+    # We always prepend a ~ and then rotate through these until
+    # a usable name is found.
+    # pkg_resources raises a different error for .dist-info folder
+    # with leading '-' and invalid metadata
+    LEADING_CHARS = "-~.=%0123456789"
+
+    def __init__(self, original: str, delete: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        self.original = original.rstrip("/\\")
+        super().__init__(delete=delete)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _generate_names(cls, name: str) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        """Generates a series of temporary names.
+
+        The algorithm replaces the leading characters in the name
+        with ones that are valid filesystem characters, but are not
+        valid package names (for both Python and pip definitions of
+        package).
+        """
+        for i in range(1, len(name)):
+            for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
+                cls.LEADING_CHARS, i - 1
+            ):
+                new_name = "~" + "".join(candidate) + name[i:]
+                if new_name != name:
+                    yield new_name
+
+        # If we make it this far, we will have to make a longer name
+        for i in range(len(cls.LEADING_CHARS)):
+            for candidate in itertools.combinations_with_replacement(
+                cls.LEADING_CHARS, i
+            ):
+                new_name = "~" + "".join(candidate) + name
+                if new_name != name:
+                    yield new_name
+
+    def _create(self, kind: str) -> str:
+        root, name = os.path.split(self.original)
+        for candidate in self._generate_names(name):
+            path = os.path.join(root, candidate)
+            try:
+                os.mkdir(path)
+            except OSError as ex:
+                # Continue if the name exists already
+                if ex.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                    raise
+            else:
+                path = os.path.realpath(path)
+                break
+        else:
+            # Final fallback on the default behavior.
+            path = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=f"pip-{kind}-"))
+
+        logger.debug("Created temporary directory: %s", path)
+        return path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78b5c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+"""Utilities related archives.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import stat
+import tarfile
+import zipfile
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import (
+    BZ2_EXTENSIONS,
+    TAR_EXTENSIONS,
+    XZ_EXTENSIONS,
+    ZIP_EXTENSIONS,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS
+
+try:
+    import bz2  # noqa
+
+    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += BZ2_EXTENSIONS
+except ImportError:
+    logger.debug("bz2 module is not available")
+
+try:
+    # Only for Python 3.3+
+    import lzma  # noqa
+
+    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += XZ_EXTENSIONS
+except ImportError:
+    logger.debug("lzma module is not available")
+
+
+def current_umask() -> int:
+    """Get the current umask which involves having to set it temporarily."""
+    mask = os.umask(0)
+    os.umask(mask)
+    return mask
+
+
+def split_leading_dir(path: str) -> List[str]:
+    path = path.lstrip("/").lstrip("\\")
+    if "/" in path and (
+        ("\\" in path and path.find("/") < path.find("\\")) or "\\" not in path
+    ):
+        return path.split("/", 1)
+    elif "\\" in path:
+        return path.split("\\", 1)
+    else:
+        return [path, ""]
+
+
+def has_leading_dir(paths: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
+    """Returns true if all the paths have the same leading path name
+    (i.e., everything is in one subdirectory in an archive)"""
+    common_prefix = None
+    for path in paths:
+        prefix, rest = split_leading_dir(path)
+        if not prefix:
+            return False
+        elif common_prefix is None:
+            common_prefix = prefix
+        elif prefix != common_prefix:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_within_directory(directory: str, target: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return true if the absolute path of target is within the directory
+    """
+    abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
+    abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)
+
+    prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
+    return prefix == abs_directory
+
+
+def set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Make file present at path have execute for user/group/world
+    (chmod +x) is no-op on windows per python docs
+    """
+    os.chmod(path, (0o777 & ~current_umask() | 0o111))
+
+
+def zip_item_is_executable(info: ZipInfo) -> bool:
+    mode = info.external_attr >> 16
+    # if mode and regular file and any execute permissions for
+    # user/group/world?
+    return bool(mode and stat.S_ISREG(mode) and mode & 0o111)
+
+
+def unzip_file(filename: str, location: str, flatten: bool = True) -> None:
+    """
+    Unzip the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.  All
+    files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are
+    not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
+    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
+    written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
+    no-ops per the python docs.
+    """
+    ensure_dir(location)
+    zipfp = open(filename, "rb")
+    try:
+        zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipfp, allowZip64=True)
+        leading = has_leading_dir(zip.namelist()) and flatten
+        for info in zip.infolist():
+            name = info.filename
+            fn = name
+            if leading:
+                fn = split_leading_dir(name)[1]
+            fn = os.path.join(location, fn)
+            dir = os.path.dirname(fn)
+            if not is_within_directory(location, fn):
+                message = (
+                    "The zip file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install "
+                    "outside target directory ({})"
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, fn, location))
+            if fn.endswith("/") or fn.endswith("\\"):
+                # A directory
+                ensure_dir(fn)
+            else:
+                ensure_dir(dir)
+                # Don't use read() to avoid allocating an arbitrarily large
+                # chunk of memory for the file's content
+                fp = zip.open(name)
+                try:
+                    with open(fn, "wb") as destfp:
+                        shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
+                finally:
+                    fp.close()
+                    if zip_item_is_executable(info):
+                        set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(fn)
+    finally:
+        zipfp.close()
+
+
+def untar_file(filename: str, location: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Untar the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.
+    All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions
+    are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
+    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
+    written.  Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
+    no-ops per the python docs.
+    """
+    ensure_dir(location)
+    if filename.lower().endswith(".gz") or filename.lower().endswith(".tgz"):
+        mode = "r:gz"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(BZ2_EXTENSIONS):
+        mode = "r:bz2"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(XZ_EXTENSIONS):
+        mode = "r:xz"
+    elif filename.lower().endswith(".tar"):
+        mode = "r"
+    else:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Cannot determine compression type for file %s",
+            filename,
+        )
+        mode = "r:*"
+    tar = tarfile.open(filename, mode, encoding="utf-8")
+    try:
+        leading = has_leading_dir([member.name for member in tar.getmembers()])
+        for member in tar.getmembers():
+            fn = member.name
+            if leading:
+                fn = split_leading_dir(fn)[1]
+            path = os.path.join(location, fn)
+            if not is_within_directory(location, path):
+                message = (
+                    "The tar file ({}) has a file ({}) trying to install "
+                    "outside target directory ({})"
+                )
+                raise InstallationError(message.format(filename, path, location))
+            if member.isdir():
+                ensure_dir(path)
+            elif member.issym():
+                try:
+                    tar._extract_member(member, path)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
+                    # (specifically bad symlinks)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s",
+                        filename,
+                        member.name,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                    continue
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fp = tar.extractfile(member)
+                except (KeyError, AttributeError) as exc:
+                    # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
+                    # (specifically bad symlinks)
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s",
+                        filename,
+                        member.name,
+                        exc,
+                    )
+                    continue
+                ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+                assert fp is not None
+                with open(path, "wb") as destfp:
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
+                fp.close()
+                # Update the timestamp (useful for cython compiled files)
+                tar.utime(member, path)
+                # member have any execute permissions for user/group/world?
+                if member.mode & 0o111:
+                    set_extracted_file_to_default_mode_plus_executable(path)
+    finally:
+        tar.close()
+
+
+def unpack_file(
+    filename: str,
+    location: str,
+    content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    filename = os.path.realpath(filename)
+    if (
+        content_type == "application/zip"
+        or filename.lower().endswith(ZIP_EXTENSIONS)
+        or zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)
+    ):
+        unzip_file(filename, location, flatten=not filename.endswith(".whl"))
+    elif (
+        content_type == "application/x-gzip"
+        or tarfile.is_tarfile(filename)
+        or filename.lower().endswith(TAR_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS)
+    ):
+        untar_file(filename, location)
+    else:
+        # FIXME: handle?
+        # FIXME: magic signatures?
+        logger.critical(
+            "Cannot unpack file %s (downloaded from %s, content-type: %s); "
+            "cannot detect archive format",
+            filename,
+            location,
+            content_type,
+        )
+        raise InstallationError(f"Cannot determine archive format of {location}")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ba2e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/urls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import os
+import string
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .compat import WINDOWS
+
+
+def get_url_scheme(url: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    if ":" not in url:
+        return None
+    return url.split(":", 1)[0].lower()
+
+
+def path_to_url(path: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a path to a file: URL.  The path will be made absolute and have
+    quoted path parts.
+    """
+    path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
+    url = urllib.parse.urljoin("file:", urllib.request.pathname2url(path))
+    return url
+
+
+def url_to_path(url: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a file: URL to a path.
+    """
+    assert url.startswith(
+        "file:"
+    ), f"You can only turn file: urls into filenames (not {url!r})"
+
+    _, netloc, path, _, _ = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+
+    if not netloc or netloc == "localhost":
+        # According to RFC 8089, same as empty authority.
+        netloc = ""
+    elif WINDOWS:
+        # If we have a UNC path, prepend UNC share notation.
+        netloc = "\\\\" + netloc
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"non-local file URIs are not supported on this platform: {url!r}"
+        )
+
+    path = urllib.request.url2pathname(netloc + path)
+
+    # On Windows, urlsplit parses the path as something like "/C:/Users/foo".
+    # This creates issues for path-related functions like io.open(), so we try
+    # to detect and strip the leading slash.
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and not netloc  # Not UNC.
+        and len(path) >= 3
+        and path[0] == "/"  # Leading slash to strip.
+        and path[1] in string.ascii_letters  # Drive letter.
+        and path[2:4] in (":", ":/")  # Colon + end of string, or colon + absolute path.
+    ):
+        path = path[1:]
+
+    return path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..882e36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/virtualenv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import site
+import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"include-system-site-packages\s*=\s*(?P<value>true|false)"
+)
+
+
+def _running_under_venv() -> bool:
+    """Checks if sys.base_prefix and sys.prefix match.
+
+    This handles PEP 405 compliant virtual environments.
+    """
+    return sys.prefix != getattr(sys, "base_prefix", sys.prefix)
+
+
+def _running_under_legacy_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """Checks if sys.real_prefix is set.
+
+    This handles virtual environments created with pypa's virtualenv.
+    """
+    # pypa/virtualenv case
+    return hasattr(sys, "real_prefix")
+
+
+def running_under_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """True if we're running inside a virtual environment, False otherwise."""
+    return _running_under_venv() or _running_under_legacy_virtualenv()
+
+
+def _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines() -> Optional[List[str]]:
+    """Reads {sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg and returns its contents as list of lines
+
+    Returns None, if it could not read/access the file.
+    """
+    pyvenv_cfg_file = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "pyvenv.cfg")
+    try:
+        # Although PEP 405 does not specify, the built-in venv module always
+        # writes with UTF-8. (pypa/pip#8717)
+        with open(pyvenv_cfg_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return f.read().splitlines()  # avoids trailing newlines
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _no_global_under_venv() -> bool:
+    """Check `{sys.prefix}/pyvenv.cfg` for system site-packages inclusion
+
+    PEP 405 specifies that when system site-packages are not supposed to be
+    visible from a virtual environment, `pyvenv.cfg` must contain the following
+    line:
+
+        include-system-site-packages = false
+
+    Additionally, log a warning if accessing the file fails.
+    """
+    cfg_lines = _get_pyvenv_cfg_lines()
+    if cfg_lines is None:
+        # We're not in a "sane" venv, so assume there is no system
+        # site-packages access (since that's PEP 405's default state).
+        logger.warning(
+            "Could not access 'pyvenv.cfg' despite a virtual environment "
+            "being active. Assuming global site-packages is not accessible "
+            "in this environment."
+        )
+        return True
+
+    for line in cfg_lines:
+        match = _INCLUDE_SYSTEM_SITE_PACKAGES_REGEX.match(line)
+        if match is not None and match.group("value") == "false":
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _no_global_under_legacy_virtualenv() -> bool:
+    """Check if "no-global-site-packages.txt" exists beside site.py
+
+    This mirrors logic in pypa/virtualenv for determining whether system
+    site-packages are visible in the virtual environment.
+    """
+    site_mod_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(site.__file__))
+    no_global_site_packages_file = os.path.join(
+        site_mod_dir,
+        "no-global-site-packages.txt",
+    )
+    return os.path.exists(no_global_site_packages_file)
+
+
+def virtualenv_no_global() -> bool:
+    """Returns a boolean, whether running in venv with no system site-packages."""
+    # PEP 405 compliance needs to be checked first since virtualenv >=20 would
+    # return True for both checks, but is only able to use the PEP 405 config.
+    if _running_under_venv():
+        return _no_global_under_venv()
+
+    if _running_under_legacy_virtualenv():
+        return _no_global_under_legacy_virtualenv()
+
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3551f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""Support functions for working with wheel files.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from email.message import Message
+from email.parser import Parser
+from typing import Tuple
+from zipfile import BadZipFile, ZipFile
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import UnsupportedWheel
+
+VERSION_COMPATIBLE = (1, 0)
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def parse_wheel(wheel_zip: ZipFile, name: str) -> Tuple[str, Message]:
+    """Extract information from the provided wheel, ensuring it meets basic
+    standards.
+
+    Returns the name of the .dist-info directory and the parsed WHEEL metadata.
+    """
+    try:
+        info_dir = wheel_dist_info_dir(wheel_zip, name)
+        metadata = wheel_metadata(wheel_zip, info_dir)
+        version = wheel_version(metadata)
+    except UnsupportedWheel as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"{name} has an invalid wheel, {str(e)}")
+
+    check_compatibility(version, name)
+
+    return info_dir, metadata
+
+
+def wheel_dist_info_dir(source: ZipFile, name: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the name of the contained .dist-info directory.
+
+    Raises AssertionError or UnsupportedWheel if not found, >1 found, or
+    it doesn't match the provided name.
+    """
+    # Zip file path separators must be /
+    subdirs = {p.split("/", 1)[0] for p in source.namelist()}
+
+    info_dirs = [s for s in subdirs if s.endswith(".dist-info")]
+
+    if not info_dirs:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(".dist-info directory not found")
+
+    if len(info_dirs) > 1:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            "multiple .dist-info directories found: {}".format(", ".join(info_dirs))
+        )
+
+    info_dir = info_dirs[0]
+
+    info_dir_name = canonicalize_name(info_dir)
+    canonical_name = canonicalize_name(name)
+    if not info_dir_name.startswith(canonical_name):
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            f".dist-info directory {info_dir!r} does not start with {canonical_name!r}"
+        )
+
+    return info_dir
+
+
+def read_wheel_metadata_file(source: ZipFile, path: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        return source.read(path)
+        # BadZipFile for general corruption, KeyError for missing entry,
+        # and RuntimeError for password-protected files
+    except (BadZipFile, KeyError, RuntimeError) as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"could not read {path!r} file: {e!r}")
+
+
+def wheel_metadata(source: ZipFile, dist_info_dir: str) -> Message:
+    """Return the WHEEL metadata of an extracted wheel, if possible.
+    Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
+    """
+    path = f"{dist_info_dir}/WHEEL"
+    # Zip file path separators must be /
+    wheel_contents = read_wheel_metadata_file(source, path)
+
+    try:
+        wheel_text = wheel_contents.decode()
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"error decoding {path!r}: {e!r}")
+
+    # FeedParser (used by Parser) does not raise any exceptions. The returned
+    # message may have .defects populated, but for backwards-compatibility we
+    # currently ignore them.
+    return Parser().parsestr(wheel_text)
+
+
+def wheel_version(wheel_data: Message) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Given WHEEL metadata, return the parsed Wheel-Version.
+    Otherwise, raise UnsupportedWheel.
+    """
+    version_text = wheel_data["Wheel-Version"]
+    if version_text is None:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel("WHEEL is missing Wheel-Version")
+
+    version = version_text.strip()
+
+    try:
+        return tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(f"invalid Wheel-Version: {version!r}")
+
+
+def check_compatibility(version: Tuple[int, ...], name: str) -> None:
+    """Raises errors or warns if called with an incompatible Wheel-Version.
+
+    pip should refuse to install a Wheel-Version that's a major series
+    ahead of what it's compatible with (e.g 2.0 > 1.1); and warn when
+    installing a version only minor version ahead (e.g 1.2 > 1.1).
+
+    version: a 2-tuple representing a Wheel-Version (Major, Minor)
+    name: name of wheel or package to raise exception about
+
+    :raises UnsupportedWheel: when an incompatible Wheel-Version is given
+    """
+    if version[0] > VERSION_COMPATIBLE[0]:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            "{}'s Wheel-Version ({}) is not compatible with this version "
+            "of pip".format(name, ".".join(map(str, version)))
+        )
+    elif version > VERSION_COMPATIBLE:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Installing from a newer Wheel-Version (%s)",
+            ".".join(map(str, version)),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6beddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Expose a limited set of classes and functions so callers outside of
+# the vcs package don't need to import deeper than `pip._internal.vcs`.
+# (The test directory may still need to import from a vcs sub-package.)
+# Import all vcs modules to register each VCS in the VcsSupport object.
+import pip._internal.vcs.bazaar
+import pip._internal.vcs.git
+import pip._internal.vcs.mercurial
+import pip._internal.vcs.subversion  # noqa: F401
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (  # noqa: F401
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RemoteNotValidError,
+    is_url,
+    make_vcs_requirement_url,
+    vcs,
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20a17ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/bazaar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import logging
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Bazaar(VersionControl):
+    name = "bzr"
+    dirname = ".bzr"
+    repo_name = "branch"
+    schemes = (
+        "bzr+http",
+        "bzr+https",
+        "bzr+ssh",
+        "bzr+sftp",
+        "bzr+ftp",
+        "bzr+lp",
+        "bzr+file",
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return ["-r", rev]
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Checking out %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flag = "--quiet"
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flag = ""
+        else:
+            flag = f"-{'v'*verbosity}"
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "checkout", "--lightweight", flag, rev_options.to_args(), url, dest
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(make_command("switch", url), cwd=dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        output = self.run_command(
+            make_command("info"), show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=dest
+        )
+        if output.startswith("Standalone "):
+            # Older versions of pip used to create standalone branches.
+            # Convert the standalone branch to a checkout by calling "bzr bind".
+            cmd_args = make_command("bind", "-q", url)
+            self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+        cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        # hotfix the URL scheme after removing bzr+ from bzr+ssh:// re-add it
+        url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+        if url.startswith("ssh://"):
+            url = "bzr+" + url
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        urls = cls.run_command(
+            ["info"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=location
+        )
+        for line in urls.splitlines():
+            line = line.strip()
+            for x in ("checkout of branch: ", "parent branch: "):
+                if line.startswith(x):
+                    repo = line.split(x)[1]
+                    if cls._is_local_repository(repo):
+                        return path_to_url(repo)
+                    return repo
+        raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        revision = cls.run_command(
+            ["revno"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        return revision.splitlines()[-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+
+vcs.register(Bazaar)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c242cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+import logging
+import os.path
+import pathlib
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path, hide_url
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RemoteNotValidError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+urlsplit = urllib.parse.urlsplit
+urlunsplit = urllib.parse.urlunsplit
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+GIT_VERSION_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"^git version "  # Prefix.
+    r"(\d+)"  # Major.
+    r"\.(\d+)"  # Dot, minor.
+    r"(?:\.(\d+))?"  # Optional dot, patch.
+    r".*$"  # Suffix, including any pre- and post-release segments we don't care about.
+)
+
+HASH_REGEX = re.compile("^[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$")
+
+# SCP (Secure copy protocol) shorthand. e.g. 'git@example.com:foo/bar.git'
+SCP_REGEX = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+    # Optional user, e.g. 'git@'
+    (\w+@)?
+    # Server, e.g. 'github.com'.
+    ([^/:]+):
+    # The server-side path. e.g. 'user/project.git'. Must start with an
+    # alphanumeric character so as not to be confusable with a Windows paths
+    # like 'C:/foo/bar' or 'C:\foo\bar'.
+    (\w[^:]*)
+    $""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+def looks_like_hash(sha: str) -> bool:
+    return bool(HASH_REGEX.match(sha))
+
+
+class Git(VersionControl):
+    name = "git"
+    dirname = ".git"
+    repo_name = "clone"
+    schemes = (
+        "git+http",
+        "git+https",
+        "git+ssh",
+        "git+git",
+        "git+file",
+    )
+    # Prevent the user's environment variables from interfering with pip:
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1130
+    unset_environ = ("GIT_DIR", "GIT_WORK_TREE")
+    default_arg_rev = "HEAD"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return [rev]
+
+    def is_immutable_rev_checkout(self, url: str, dest: str) -> bool:
+        _, rev_options = self.get_url_rev_options(hide_url(url))
+        if not rev_options.rev:
+            return False
+        if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+            # the current commit is different from rev,
+            # which means rev was something else than a commit hash
+            return False
+        # return False in the rare case rev is both a commit hash
+        # and a tag or a branch; we don't want to cache in that case
+        # because that branch/tag could point to something else in the future
+        is_tag_or_branch = bool(self.get_revision_sha(dest, rev_options.rev)[0])
+        return not is_tag_or_branch
+
+    def get_git_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        version = self.run_command(
+            ["version"],
+            command_desc="git version",
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+        )
+        match = GIT_VERSION_REGEX.match(version)
+        if not match:
+            logger.warning("Can't parse git version: %s", version)
+            return ()
+        return (int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_current_branch(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the current branch, or None if HEAD isn't at a branch
+        (e.g. detached HEAD).
+        """
+        # git-symbolic-ref exits with empty stdout if "HEAD" is a detached
+        # HEAD rather than a symbolic ref.  In addition, the -q causes the
+        # command to exit with status code 1 instead of 128 in this case
+        # and to suppress the message to stderr.
+        args = ["symbolic-ref", "-q", "HEAD"]
+        output = cls.run_command(
+            args,
+            extra_ok_returncodes=(1,),
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        ref = output.strip()
+
+        if ref.startswith("refs/heads/"):
+            return ref[len("refs/heads/") :]
+
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision_sha(cls, dest: str, rev: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+        """
+        Return (sha_or_none, is_branch), where sha_or_none is a commit hash
+        if the revision names a remote branch or tag, otherwise None.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          rev: the revision name.
+        """
+        # Pass rev to pre-filter the list.
+        output = cls.run_command(
+            ["show-ref", rev],
+            cwd=dest,
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            on_returncode="ignore",
+        )
+        refs = {}
+        # NOTE: We do not use splitlines here since that would split on other
+        #       unicode separators, which can be maliciously used to install a
+        #       different revision.
+        for line in output.strip().split("\n"):
+            line = line.rstrip("\r")
+            if not line:
+                continue
+            try:
+                ref_sha, ref_name = line.split(" ", maxsplit=2)
+            except ValueError:
+                # Include the offending line to simplify troubleshooting if
+                # this error ever occurs.
+                raise ValueError(f"unexpected show-ref line: {line!r}")
+
+            refs[ref_name] = ref_sha
+
+        branch_ref = f"refs/remotes/origin/{rev}"
+        tag_ref = f"refs/tags/{rev}"
+
+        sha = refs.get(branch_ref)
+        if sha is not None:
+            return (sha, True)
+
+        sha = refs.get(tag_ref)
+
+        return (sha, False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _should_fetch(cls, dest: str, rev: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if rev is a ref or is a commit that we don't have locally.
+
+        Branches and tags are not considered in this method because they are
+        assumed to be always available locally (which is a normal outcome of
+        ``git clone`` and ``git fetch --tags``).
+        """
+        if rev.startswith("refs/"):
+            # Always fetch remote refs.
+            return True
+
+        if not looks_like_hash(rev):
+            # Git fetch would fail with abbreviated commits.
+            return False
+
+        if cls.has_commit(dest, rev):
+            # Don't fetch if we have the commit locally.
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_revision(
+        cls, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions
+    ) -> RevOptions:
+        """
+        Resolve a revision to a new RevOptions object with the SHA1 of the
+        branch, tag, or ref if found.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        rev = rev_options.arg_rev
+        # The arg_rev property's implementation for Git ensures that the
+        # rev return value is always non-None.
+        assert rev is not None
+
+        sha, is_branch = cls.get_revision_sha(dest, rev)
+
+        if sha is not None:
+            rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+            rev_options.branch_name = rev if is_branch else None
+
+            return rev_options
+
+        # Do not show a warning for the common case of something that has
+        # the form of a Git commit hash.
+        if not looks_like_hash(rev):
+            logger.warning(
+                "Did not find branch or tag '%s', assuming revision or ref.",
+                rev,
+            )
+
+        if not cls._should_fetch(dest, rev):
+            return rev_options
+
+        # fetch the requested revision
+        cls.run_command(
+            make_command("fetch", "-q", url, rev_options.to_args()),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+        # Change the revision to the SHA of the ref we fetched
+        sha = cls.get_revision(dest, rev="FETCH_HEAD")
+        rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+
+        return rev_options
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the current commit hash equals the given name.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          name: a string name.
+        """
+        if not name:
+            # Then avoid an unnecessary subprocess call.
+            return False
+
+        return cls.get_revision(dest) == name
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info("Cloning %s%s to %s", url, rev_display, display_path(dest))
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags: Tuple[str, ...] = ("--quiet",)
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = ()
+        else:
+            flags = ("--verbose", "--progress")
+        if self.get_git_version() >= (2, 17):
+            # Git added support for partial clone in 2.17
+            # https://git-scm.com/docs/partial-clone
+            # Speeds up cloning by functioning without a complete copy of repository
+            self.run_command(
+                make_command(
+                    "clone",
+                    "--filter=blob:none",
+                    *flags,
+                    url,
+                    dest,
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            self.run_command(make_command("clone", *flags, url, dest))
+
+        if rev_options.rev:
+            # Then a specific revision was requested.
+            rev_options = self.resolve_revision(dest, url, rev_options)
+            branch_name = getattr(rev_options, "branch_name", None)
+            logger.debug("Rev options %s, branch_name %s", rev_options, branch_name)
+            if branch_name is None:
+                # Only do a checkout if the current commit id doesn't match
+                # the requested revision.
+                if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+                    cmd_args = make_command(
+                        "checkout",
+                        "-q",
+                        rev_options.to_args(),
+                    )
+                    self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+            elif self.get_current_branch(dest) != branch_name:
+                # Then a specific branch was requested, and that branch
+                # is not yet checked out.
+                track_branch = f"origin/{branch_name}"
+                cmd_args = [
+                    "checkout",
+                    "-b",
+                    branch_name,
+                    "--track",
+                    track_branch,
+                ]
+                self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+        else:
+            sha = self.get_revision(dest)
+            rev_options = rev_options.make_new(sha)
+
+        logger.info("Resolved %s to commit %s", url, rev_options.rev)
+
+        #: repo may contain submodules
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(
+            make_command("config", "remote.origin.url", url),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+        cmd_args = make_command("checkout", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        # First fetch changes from the default remote
+        if self.get_git_version() >= (1, 9):
+            # fetch tags in addition to everything else
+            self.run_command(["fetch", "-q", "--tags"], cwd=dest)
+        else:
+            self.run_command(["fetch", "-q"], cwd=dest)
+        # Then reset to wanted revision (maybe even origin/master)
+        rev_options = self.resolve_revision(dest, url, rev_options)
+        cmd_args = make_command("reset", "--hard", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+        #: update submodules
+        self.update_submodules(dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return URL of the first remote encountered.
+
+        Raises RemoteNotFoundError if the repository does not have a remote
+        url configured.
+        """
+        # We need to pass 1 for extra_ok_returncodes since the command
+        # exits with return code 1 if there are no matching lines.
+        stdout = cls.run_command(
+            ["config", "--get-regexp", r"remote\..*\.url"],
+            extra_ok_returncodes=(1,),
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        remotes = stdout.splitlines()
+        try:
+            found_remote = remotes[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        for remote in remotes:
+            if remote.startswith("remote.origin.url "):
+                found_remote = remote
+                break
+        url = found_remote.split(" ")[1]
+        return cls._git_remote_to_pip_url(url.strip())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _git_remote_to_pip_url(url: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Convert a remote url from what git uses to what pip accepts.
+
+        There are 3 legal forms **url** may take:
+
+            1. A fully qualified url: ssh://git@example.com/foo/bar.git
+            2. A local project.git folder: /path/to/bare/repository.git
+            3. SCP shorthand for form 1: git@example.com:foo/bar.git
+
+        Form 1 is output as-is. Form 2 must be converted to URI and form 3 must
+        be converted to form 1.
+
+        See the corresponding test test_git_remote_url_to_pip() for examples of
+        sample inputs/outputs.
+        """
+        if re.match(r"\w+://", url):
+            # This is already valid. Pass it though as-is.
+            return url
+        if os.path.exists(url):
+            # A local bare remote (git clone --mirror).
+            # Needs a file:// prefix.
+            return pathlib.PurePath(url).as_uri()
+        scp_match = SCP_REGEX.match(url)
+        if scp_match:
+            # Add an ssh:// prefix and replace the ':' with a '/'.
+            return scp_match.expand(r"ssh://\1\2/\3")
+        # Otherwise, bail out.
+        raise RemoteNotValidError(url)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def has_commit(cls, location: str, rev: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if rev is a commit that is available in the local repository.
+        """
+        try:
+            cls.run_command(
+                ["rev-parse", "-q", "--verify", "sha^" + rev],
+                cwd=location,
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except InstallationError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str, rev: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        if rev is None:
+            rev = "HEAD"
+        current_rev = cls.run_command(
+            ["rev-parse", rev],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+        return current_rev.strip()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        # find the repo root
+        git_dir = cls.run_command(
+            ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        if not os.path.isabs(git_dir):
+            git_dir = os.path.join(location, git_dir)
+        repo_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(git_dir, ".."))
+        return find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(location, repo_root)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        """
+        Prefixes stub URLs like 'user@hostname:user/repo.git' with 'ssh://'.
+        That's required because although they use SSH they sometimes don't
+        work with a ssh:// scheme (e.g. GitHub). But we need a scheme for
+        parsing. Hence we remove it again afterwards and return it as a stub.
+        """
+        # Works around an apparent Git bug
+        # (see https://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/146500)
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment = urlsplit(url)
+        if scheme.endswith("file"):
+            initial_slashes = path[: -len(path.lstrip("/"))]
+            newpath = initial_slashes + urllib.request.url2pathname(path).replace(
+                "\\", "/"
+            ).lstrip("/")
+            after_plus = scheme.find("+") + 1
+            url = scheme[:after_plus] + urlunsplit(
+                (scheme[after_plus:], netloc, newpath, query, fragment),
+            )
+
+        if "://" not in url:
+            assert "file:" not in url
+            url = url.replace("git+", "git+ssh://")
+            url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+            url = url.replace("ssh://", "")
+        else:
+            url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_submodules(cls, location: str) -> None:
+        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(location, ".gitmodules")):
+            return
+        cls.run_command(
+            ["submodule", "update", "--init", "--recursive", "-q"],
+            cwd=location,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        loc = super().get_repository_root(location)
+        if loc:
+            return loc
+        try:
+            r = cls.run_command(
+                ["rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
+                cwd=location,
+                show_stdout=False,
+                stdout_only=True,
+                on_returncode="raise",
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except BadCommand:
+            logger.debug(
+                "could not determine if %s is under git control "
+                "because git is not available",
+                location,
+            )
+            return None
+        except InstallationError:
+            return None
+        return os.path.normpath(r.rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(repo_url: str) -> bool:
+        """In either https or ssh form, requirements must be prefixed with git+."""
+        return True
+
+
+vcs.register(Git)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c183d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/mercurial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import configparser
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import HiddenText, display_path
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import make_command
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class Mercurial(VersionControl):
+    name = "hg"
+    dirname = ".hg"
+    repo_name = "clone"
+    schemes = (
+        "hg+file",
+        "hg+http",
+        "hg+https",
+        "hg+ssh",
+        "hg+static-http",
+    )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return [f"--rev={rev}"]
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Cloning hg %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flags: Tuple[str, ...] = ("--quiet",)
+        elif verbosity == 1:
+            flags = ()
+        elif verbosity == 2:
+            flags = ("--verbose",)
+        else:
+            flags = ("--verbose", "--debug")
+        self.run_command(make_command("clone", "--noupdate", *flags, url, dest))
+        self.run_command(
+            make_command("update", *flags, rev_options.to_args()),
+            cwd=dest,
+        )
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        repo_config = os.path.join(dest, self.dirname, "hgrc")
+        config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        try:
+            config.read(repo_config)
+            config.set("paths", "default", url.secret)
+            with open(repo_config, "w") as config_file:
+                config.write(config_file)
+        except (OSError, configparser.NoSectionError) as exc:
+            logger.warning("Could not switch Mercurial repository to %s: %s", url, exc)
+        else:
+            cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+            self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        self.run_command(["pull", "-q"], cwd=dest)
+        cmd_args = make_command("update", "-q", rev_options.to_args())
+        self.run_command(cmd_args, cwd=dest)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        url = cls.run_command(
+            ["showconfig", "paths.default"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        if cls._is_local_repository(url):
+            url = path_to_url(url)
+        return url.strip()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the repository-local changeset revision number, as an integer.
+        """
+        current_revision = cls.run_command(
+            ["parents", "--template={rev}"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        return current_revision
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirement_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the changeset identification hash, as a 40-character
+        hexadecimal string
+        """
+        current_rev_hash = cls.run_command(
+            ["parents", "--template={node}"],
+            show_stdout=False,
+            stdout_only=True,
+            cwd=location,
+        ).strip()
+        return current_rev_hash
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        # find the repo root
+        repo_root = cls.run_command(
+            ["root"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True, cwd=location
+        ).strip()
+        if not os.path.isabs(repo_root):
+            repo_root = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(location, repo_root))
+        return find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(location, repo_root)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        loc = super().get_repository_root(location)
+        if loc:
+            return loc
+        try:
+            r = cls.run_command(
+                ["root"],
+                cwd=location,
+                show_stdout=False,
+                stdout_only=True,
+                on_returncode="raise",
+                log_failed_cmd=False,
+            )
+        except BadCommand:
+            logger.debug(
+                "could not determine if %s is under hg control "
+                "because hg is not available",
+                location,
+            )
+            return None
+        except InstallationError:
+            return None
+        return os.path.normpath(r.rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+
+vcs.register(Mercurial)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16d93a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/subversion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    HiddenText,
+    display_path,
+    is_console_interactive,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    split_auth_from_netloc,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import CommandArgs, make_command
+from pip._internal.vcs.versioncontrol import (
+    AuthInfo,
+    RemoteNotFoundError,
+    RevOptions,
+    VersionControl,
+    vcs,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_svn_xml_url_re = re.compile('url="([^"]+)"')
+_svn_rev_re = re.compile(r'committed-rev="(\d+)"')
+_svn_info_xml_rev_re = re.compile(r'\s*revision="(\d+)"')
+_svn_info_xml_url_re = re.compile(r"<url>(.*)</url>")
+
+
+class Subversion(VersionControl):
+    name = "svn"
+    dirname = ".svn"
+    repo_name = "checkout"
+    schemes = ("svn+ssh", "svn+http", "svn+https", "svn+svn", "svn+file")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(cls, remote_url: str) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        return ["-r", rev]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the maximum revision for all files under a given location
+        """
+        # Note: taken from setuptools.command.egg_info
+        revision = 0
+
+        for base, dirs, _ in os.walk(location):
+            if cls.dirname not in dirs:
+                dirs[:] = []
+                continue  # no sense walking uncontrolled subdirs
+            dirs.remove(cls.dirname)
+            entries_fn = os.path.join(base, cls.dirname, "entries")
+            if not os.path.exists(entries_fn):
+                # FIXME: should we warn?
+                continue
+
+            dirurl, localrev = cls._get_svn_url_rev(base)
+
+            if base == location:
+                assert dirurl is not None
+                base = dirurl + "/"  # save the root url
+            elif not dirurl or not dirurl.startswith(base):
+                dirs[:] = []
+                continue  # not part of the same svn tree, skip it
+            revision = max(revision, localrev)
+        return str(revision)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_netloc_and_auth(
+        cls, netloc: str, scheme: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        This override allows the auth information to be passed to svn via the
+        --username and --password options instead of via the URL.
+        """
+        if scheme == "ssh":
+            # The --username and --password options can't be used for
+            # svn+ssh URLs, so keep the auth information in the URL.
+            return super().get_netloc_and_auth(netloc, scheme)
+
+        return split_auth_from_netloc(netloc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        # hotfix the URL scheme after removing svn+ from svn+ssh:// re-add it
+        url, rev, user_pass = super().get_url_rev_and_auth(url)
+        if url.startswith("ssh://"):
+            url = "svn+" + url
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_rev_args(
+        username: Optional[str], password: Optional[HiddenText]
+    ) -> CommandArgs:
+        extra_args: CommandArgs = []
+        if username:
+            extra_args += ["--username", username]
+        if password:
+            extra_args += ["--password", password]
+
+        return extra_args
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        # In cases where the source is in a subdirectory, we have to look up in
+        # the location until we find a valid project root.
+        orig_location = location
+        while not is_installable_dir(location):
+            last_location = location
+            location = os.path.dirname(location)
+            if location == last_location:
+                # We've traversed up to the root of the filesystem without
+                # finding a Python project.
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Could not find Python project for directory %s (tried all "
+                    "parent directories)",
+                    orig_location,
+                )
+                raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        url, _rev = cls._get_svn_url_rev(location)
+        if url is None:
+            raise RemoteNotFoundError
+
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_svn_url_rev(cls, location: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], int]:
+        from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
+
+        entries_path = os.path.join(location, cls.dirname, "entries")
+        if os.path.exists(entries_path):
+            with open(entries_path) as f:
+                data = f.read()
+        else:  # subversion >= 1.7 does not have the 'entries' file
+            data = ""
+
+        url = None
+        if data.startswith("8") or data.startswith("9") or data.startswith("10"):
+            entries = list(map(str.splitlines, data.split("\n\x0c\n")))
+            del entries[0][0]  # get rid of the '8'
+            url = entries[0][3]
+            revs = [int(d[9]) for d in entries if len(d) > 9 and d[9]] + [0]
+        elif data.startswith("<?xml"):
+            match = _svn_xml_url_re.search(data)
+            if not match:
+                raise ValueError(f"Badly formatted data: {data!r}")
+            url = match.group(1)  # get repository URL
+            revs = [int(m.group(1)) for m in _svn_rev_re.finditer(data)] + [0]
+        else:
+            try:
+                # subversion >= 1.7
+                # Note that using get_remote_call_options is not necessary here
+                # because `svn info` is being run against a local directory.
+                # We don't need to worry about making sure interactive mode
+                # is being used to prompt for passwords, because passwords
+                # are only potentially needed for remote server requests.
+                xml = cls.run_command(
+                    ["info", "--xml", location],
+                    show_stdout=False,
+                    stdout_only=True,
+                )
+                match = _svn_info_xml_url_re.search(xml)
+                assert match is not None
+                url = match.group(1)
+                revs = [int(m.group(1)) for m in _svn_info_xml_rev_re.finditer(xml)]
+            except InstallationError:
+                url, revs = None, []
+
+        if revs:
+            rev = max(revs)
+        else:
+            rev = 0
+
+        return url, rev
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """Always assume the versions don't match"""
+        return False
+
+    def __init__(self, use_interactive: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        if use_interactive is None:
+            use_interactive = is_console_interactive()
+        self.use_interactive = use_interactive
+
+        # This member is used to cache the fetched version of the current
+        # ``svn`` client.
+        # Special value definitions:
+        #   None: Not evaluated yet.
+        #   Empty tuple: Could not parse version.
+        self._vcs_version: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]] = None
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def call_vcs_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Query the version of the currently installed Subversion client.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the parts of the version information or
+            ``()`` if the version returned from ``svn`` could not be parsed.
+        :raises: BadCommand: If ``svn`` is not installed.
+        """
+        # Example versions:
+        #   svn, version 1.10.3 (r1842928)
+        #      compiled Feb 25 2019, 14:20:39 on x86_64-apple-darwin17.0.0
+        #   svn, version 1.7.14 (r1542130)
+        #      compiled Mar 28 2018, 08:49:13 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
+        #   svn, version 1.12.0-SlikSvn (SlikSvn/1.12.0)
+        #      compiled May 28 2019, 13:44:56 on x86_64-microsoft-windows6.2
+        version_prefix = "svn, version "
+        version = self.run_command(["--version"], show_stdout=False, stdout_only=True)
+        if not version.startswith(version_prefix):
+            return ()
+
+        version = version[len(version_prefix) :].split()[0]
+        version_list = version.partition("-")[0].split(".")
+        try:
+            parsed_version = tuple(map(int, version_list))
+        except ValueError:
+            return ()
+
+        return parsed_version
+
+    def get_vcs_version(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Return the version of the currently installed Subversion client.
+
+        If the version of the Subversion client has already been queried,
+        a cached value will be used.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the parts of the version information or
+            ``()`` if the version returned from ``svn`` could not be parsed.
+        :raises: BadCommand: If ``svn`` is not installed.
+        """
+        if self._vcs_version is not None:
+            # Use cached version, if available.
+            # If parsing the version failed previously (empty tuple),
+            # do not attempt to parse it again.
+            return self._vcs_version
+
+        vcs_version = self.call_vcs_version()
+        self._vcs_version = vcs_version
+        return vcs_version
+
+    def get_remote_call_options(self) -> CommandArgs:
+        """Return options to be used on calls to Subversion that contact the server.
+
+        These options are applicable for the following ``svn`` subcommands used
+        in this class.
+
+            - checkout
+            - switch
+            - update
+
+        :return: A list of command line arguments to pass to ``svn``.
+        """
+        if not self.use_interactive:
+            # --non-interactive switch is available since Subversion 0.14.4.
+            # Subversion < 1.8 runs in interactive mode by default.
+            return ["--non-interactive"]
+
+        svn_version = self.get_vcs_version()
+        # By default, Subversion >= 1.8 runs in non-interactive mode if
+        # stdin is not a TTY. Since that is how pip invokes SVN, in
+        # call_subprocess(), pip must pass --force-interactive to ensure
+        # the user can be prompted for a password, if required.
+        #   SVN added the --force-interactive option in SVN 1.8. Since
+        # e.g. RHEL/CentOS 7, which is supported until 2024, ships with
+        # SVN 1.7, pip should continue to support SVN 1.7. Therefore, pip
+        # can't safely add the option if the SVN version is < 1.8 (or unknown).
+        if svn_version >= (1, 8):
+            return ["--force-interactive"]
+
+        return []
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        logger.info(
+            "Checking out %s%s to %s",
+            url,
+            rev_display,
+            display_path(dest),
+        )
+        if verbosity <= 0:
+            flag = "--quiet"
+        else:
+            flag = ""
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "checkout",
+            flag,
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            url,
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "switch",
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            url,
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        cmd_args = make_command(
+            "update",
+            self.get_remote_call_options(),
+            rev_options.to_args(),
+            dest,
+        )
+        self.run_command(cmd_args)
+
+
+vcs.register(Subversion)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46ca279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+"""Handles all VCS (version control) support"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._internal.cli.spinners import SpinnerInterface
+from pip._internal.exceptions import BadCommand, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    HiddenText,
+    ask_path_exists,
+    backup_dir,
+    display_path,
+    hide_url,
+    hide_value,
+    is_installable_dir,
+    rmtree,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import (
+    CommandArgs,
+    call_subprocess,
+    format_command_args,
+    make_command,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import get_url_scheme
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Literal was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove `if TYPE_CHECKING` when dropping support for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import Literal
+
+
+__all__ = ["vcs"]
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+AuthInfo = Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]
+
+
+def is_url(name: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return true if the name looks like a URL.
+    """
+    scheme = get_url_scheme(name)
+    if scheme is None:
+        return False
+    return scheme in ["http", "https", "file", "ftp"] + vcs.all_schemes
+
+
+def make_vcs_requirement_url(
+    repo_url: str, rev: str, project_name: str, subdir: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the URL for a VCS requirement.
+
+    Args:
+      repo_url: the remote VCS url, with any needed VCS prefix (e.g. "git+").
+      project_name: the (unescaped) project name.
+    """
+    egg_project_name = project_name.replace("-", "_")
+    req = f"{repo_url}@{rev}#egg={egg_project_name}"
+    if subdir:
+        req += f"&subdirectory={subdir}"
+
+    return req
+
+
+def find_path_to_project_root_from_repo_root(
+    location: str, repo_root: str
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Find the the Python project's root by searching up the filesystem from
+    `location`. Return the path to project root relative to `repo_root`.
+    Return None if the project root is `repo_root`, or cannot be found.
+    """
+    # find project root.
+    orig_location = location
+    while not is_installable_dir(location):
+        last_location = location
+        location = os.path.dirname(location)
+        if location == last_location:
+            # We've traversed up to the root of the filesystem without
+            # finding a Python project.
+            logger.warning(
+                "Could not find a Python project for directory %s (tried all "
+                "parent directories)",
+                orig_location,
+            )
+            return None
+
+    if os.path.samefile(repo_root, location):
+        return None
+
+    return os.path.relpath(location, repo_root)
+
+
+class RemoteNotFoundError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RemoteNotValidError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, url: str):
+        super().__init__(url)
+        self.url = url
+
+
+class RevOptions:
+
+    """
+    Encapsulates a VCS-specific revision to install, along with any VCS
+    install options.
+
+    Instances of this class should be treated as if immutable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vc_class: Type["VersionControl"],
+        rev: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_args: Optional[CommandArgs] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Args:
+          vc_class: a VersionControl subclass.
+          rev: the name of the revision to install.
+          extra_args: a list of extra options.
+        """
+        if extra_args is None:
+            extra_args = []
+
+        self.extra_args = extra_args
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.vc_class = vc_class
+        self.branch_name: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<RevOptions {self.vc_class.name}: rev={self.rev!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def arg_rev(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self.rev is None:
+            return self.vc_class.default_arg_rev
+
+        return self.rev
+
+    def to_args(self) -> CommandArgs:
+        """
+        Return the VCS-specific command arguments.
+        """
+        args: CommandArgs = []
+        rev = self.arg_rev
+        if rev is not None:
+            args += self.vc_class.get_base_rev_args(rev)
+        args += self.extra_args
+
+        return args
+
+    def to_display(self) -> str:
+        if not self.rev:
+            return ""
+
+        return f" (to revision {self.rev})"
+
+    def make_new(self, rev: str) -> "RevOptions":
+        """
+        Make a copy of the current instance, but with a new rev.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of the revision for the new object.
+        """
+        return self.vc_class.make_rev_options(rev, extra_args=self.extra_args)
+
+
+class VcsSupport:
+    _registry: Dict[str, "VersionControl"] = {}
+    schemes = ["ssh", "git", "hg", "bzr", "sftp", "svn"]
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Register more schemes with urlparse for various version control
+        # systems
+        urllib.parse.uses_netloc.extend(self.schemes)
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return self._registry.__iter__()
+
+    @property
+    def backends(self) -> List["VersionControl"]:
+        return list(self._registry.values())
+
+    @property
+    def dirnames(self) -> List[str]:
+        return [backend.dirname for backend in self.backends]
+
+    @property
+    def all_schemes(self) -> List[str]:
+        schemes: List[str] = []
+        for backend in self.backends:
+            schemes.extend(backend.schemes)
+        return schemes
+
+    def register(self, cls: Type["VersionControl"]) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(cls, "name"):
+            logger.warning("Cannot register VCS %s", cls.__name__)
+            return
+        if cls.name not in self._registry:
+            self._registry[cls.name] = cls()
+            logger.debug("Registered VCS backend: %s", cls.name)
+
+    def unregister(self, name: str) -> None:
+        if name in self._registry:
+            del self._registry[name]
+
+    def get_backend_for_dir(self, location: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object if a repository of that type is found
+        at the given directory.
+        """
+        vcs_backends = {}
+        for vcs_backend in self._registry.values():
+            repo_path = vcs_backend.get_repository_root(location)
+            if not repo_path:
+                continue
+            logger.debug("Determine that %s uses VCS: %s", location, vcs_backend.name)
+            vcs_backends[repo_path] = vcs_backend
+
+        if not vcs_backends:
+            return None
+
+        # Choose the VCS in the inner-most directory. Since all repository
+        # roots found here would be either `location` or one of its
+        # parents, the longest path should have the most path components,
+        # i.e. the backend representing the inner-most repository.
+        inner_most_repo_path = max(vcs_backends, key=len)
+        return vcs_backends[inner_most_repo_path]
+
+    def get_backend_for_scheme(self, scheme: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object or None.
+        """
+        for vcs_backend in self._registry.values():
+            if scheme in vcs_backend.schemes:
+                return vcs_backend
+        return None
+
+    def get_backend(self, name: str) -> Optional["VersionControl"]:
+        """
+        Return a VersionControl object or None.
+        """
+        name = name.lower()
+        return self._registry.get(name)
+
+
+vcs = VcsSupport()
+
+
+class VersionControl:
+    name = ""
+    dirname = ""
+    repo_name = ""
+    # List of supported schemes for this Version Control
+    schemes: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    # Iterable of environment variable names to pass to call_subprocess().
+    unset_environ: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    default_arg_rev: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def should_add_vcs_url_prefix(cls, remote_url: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the vcs prefix (e.g. "git+") should be added to a
+        repository's remote url when used in a requirement.
+        """
+        return not remote_url.lower().startswith(f"{cls.name}:")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_subdirectory(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the path to Python project root, relative to the repo root.
+        Return None if the project root is in the repo root.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_requirement_revision(cls, repo_dir: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the revision string that should be used in a requirement.
+        """
+        return cls.get_revision(repo_dir)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_src_requirement(cls, repo_dir: str, project_name: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the requirement string to use to redownload the files
+        currently at the given repository directory.
+
+        Args:
+          project_name: the (unescaped) project name.
+
+        The return value has a form similar to the following:
+
+            {repository_url}@{revision}#egg={project_name}
+        """
+        repo_url = cls.get_remote_url(repo_dir)
+
+        if cls.should_add_vcs_url_prefix(repo_url):
+            repo_url = f"{cls.name}+{repo_url}"
+
+        revision = cls.get_requirement_revision(repo_dir)
+        subdir = cls.get_subdirectory(repo_dir)
+        req = make_vcs_requirement_url(repo_url, revision, project_name, subdir=subdir)
+
+        return req
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_base_rev_args(rev: str) -> List[str]:
+        """
+        Return the base revision arguments for a vcs command.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of a revision to install.  Cannot be None.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_immutable_rev_checkout(self, url: str, dest: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return true if the commit hash checked out at dest matches
+        the revision in url.
+
+        Always return False, if the VCS does not support immutable commit
+        hashes.
+
+        This method does not check if there are local uncommitted changes
+        in dest after checkout, as pip currently has no use case for that.
+        """
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_rev_options(
+        cls, rev: Optional[str] = None, extra_args: Optional[CommandArgs] = None
+    ) -> RevOptions:
+        """
+        Return a RevOptions object.
+
+        Args:
+          rev: the name of a revision to install.
+          extra_args: a list of extra options.
+        """
+        return RevOptions(cls, rev, extra_args=extra_args)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _is_local_repository(cls, repo: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        posix absolute paths start with os.path.sep,
+        win32 ones start with drive (like c:\\folder)
+        """
+        drive, tail = os.path.splitdrive(repo)
+        return repo.startswith(os.path.sep) or bool(drive)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_netloc_and_auth(
+        cls, netloc: str, scheme: str
+    ) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]:
+        """
+        Parse the repository URL's netloc, and return the new netloc to use
+        along with auth information.
+
+        Args:
+          netloc: the original repository URL netloc.
+          scheme: the repository URL's scheme without the vcs prefix.
+
+        This is mainly for the Subversion class to override, so that auth
+        information can be provided via the --username and --password options
+        instead of through the URL.  For other subclasses like Git without
+        such an option, auth information must stay in the URL.
+
+        Returns: (netloc, (username, password)).
+        """
+        return netloc, (None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_url_rev_and_auth(cls, url: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], AuthInfo]:
+        """
+        Parse the repository URL to use, and return the URL, revision,
+        and auth info to use.
+
+        Returns: (url, rev, (username, password)).
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, query, frag = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
+        if "+" not in scheme:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Sorry, {url!r} is a malformed VCS url. "
+                "The format is <vcs>+<protocol>://<url>, "
+                "e.g. svn+http://myrepo/svn/MyApp#egg=MyApp"
+            )
+        # Remove the vcs prefix.
+        scheme = scheme.split("+", 1)[1]
+        netloc, user_pass = cls.get_netloc_and_auth(netloc, scheme)
+        rev = None
+        if "@" in path:
+            path, rev = path.rsplit("@", 1)
+            if not rev:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    f"The URL {url!r} has an empty revision (after @) "
+                    "which is not supported. Include a revision after @ "
+                    "or remove @ from the URL."
+                )
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, ""))
+        return url, rev, user_pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_rev_args(
+        username: Optional[str], password: Optional[HiddenText]
+    ) -> CommandArgs:
+        """
+        Return the RevOptions "extra arguments" to use in obtain().
+        """
+        return []
+
+    def get_url_rev_options(self, url: HiddenText) -> Tuple[HiddenText, RevOptions]:
+        """
+        Return the URL and RevOptions object to use in obtain(),
+        as a tuple (url, rev_options).
+        """
+        secret_url, rev, user_pass = self.get_url_rev_and_auth(url.secret)
+        username, secret_password = user_pass
+        password: Optional[HiddenText] = None
+        if secret_password is not None:
+            password = hide_value(secret_password)
+        extra_args = self.make_rev_args(username, password)
+        rev_options = self.make_rev_options(rev, extra_args=extra_args)
+
+        return hide_url(secret_url), rev_options
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def normalize_url(url: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize a URL for comparison by unquoting it and removing any
+        trailing slash.
+        """
+        return urllib.parse.unquote(url).rstrip("/")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def compare_urls(cls, url1: str, url2: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Compare two repo URLs for identity, ignoring incidental differences.
+        """
+        return cls.normalize_url(url1) == cls.normalize_url(url2)
+
+    def fetch_new(
+        self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions, verbosity: int
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Fetch a revision from a repository, in the case that this is the
+        first fetch from the repository.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the directory to fetch the repository to.
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+          verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def switch(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        """
+        Switch the repo at ``dest`` to point to ``URL``.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def update(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, rev_options: RevOptions) -> None:
+        """
+        Update an already-existing repo to the given ``rev_options``.
+
+        Args:
+          rev_options: a RevOptions object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_commit_id_equal(cls, dest: str, name: Optional[str]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether the id of the current commit equals the given name.
+
+        Args:
+          dest: the repository directory.
+          name: a string name.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def obtain(self, dest: str, url: HiddenText, verbosity: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Install or update in editable mode the package represented by this
+        VersionControl object.
+
+        :param dest: the repository directory in which to install or update.
+        :param url: the repository URL starting with a vcs prefix.
+        :param verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        url, rev_options = self.get_url_rev_options(url)
+
+        if not os.path.exists(dest):
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        rev_display = rev_options.to_display()
+        if self.is_repository_directory(dest):
+            existing_url = self.get_remote_url(dest)
+            if self.compare_urls(existing_url, url.secret):
+                logger.debug(
+                    "%s in %s exists, and has correct URL (%s)",
+                    self.repo_name.title(),
+                    display_path(dest),
+                    url,
+                )
+                if not self.is_commit_id_equal(dest, rev_options.rev):
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Updating %s %s%s",
+                        display_path(dest),
+                        self.repo_name,
+                        rev_display,
+                    )
+                    self.update(dest, url, rev_options)
+                else:
+                    logger.info("Skipping because already up-to-date.")
+                return
+
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s %s in %s exists with URL %s",
+                self.name,
+                self.repo_name,
+                display_path(dest),
+                existing_url,
+            )
+            prompt = ("(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup ", ("s", "i", "w", "b"))
+        else:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Directory %s already exists, and is not a %s %s.",
+                dest,
+                self.name,
+                self.repo_name,
+            )
+            # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1174
+            prompt = ("(i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup ", ("i", "w", "b"))  # type: ignore
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "The plan is to install the %s repository %s",
+            self.name,
+            url,
+        )
+        response = ask_path_exists(f"What to do?  {prompt[0]}", prompt[1])
+
+        if response == "a":
+            sys.exit(-1)
+
+        if response == "w":
+            logger.warning("Deleting %s", display_path(dest))
+            rmtree(dest)
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        if response == "b":
+            dest_dir = backup_dir(dest)
+            logger.warning("Backing up %s to %s", display_path(dest), dest_dir)
+            shutil.move(dest, dest_dir)
+            self.fetch_new(dest, url, rev_options, verbosity=verbosity)
+            return
+
+        # Do nothing if the response is "i".
+        if response == "s":
+            logger.info(
+                "Switching %s %s to %s%s",
+                self.repo_name,
+                display_path(dest),
+                url,
+                rev_display,
+            )
+            self.switch(dest, url, rev_options)
+
+    def unpack(self, location: str, url: HiddenText, verbosity: int) -> None:
+        """
+        Clean up current location and download the url repository
+        (and vcs infos) into location
+
+        :param url: the repository URL starting with a vcs prefix.
+        :param verbosity: verbosity level.
+        """
+        if os.path.exists(location):
+            rmtree(location)
+        self.obtain(location, url=url, verbosity=verbosity)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_remote_url(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the url used at location
+
+        Raises RemoteNotFoundError if the repository does not have a remote
+        url configured.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_revision(cls, location: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the current commit id of the files at the given location.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run_command(
+        cls,
+        cmd: Union[List[str], CommandArgs],
+        show_stdout: bool = True,
+        cwd: Optional[str] = None,
+        on_returncode: 'Literal["raise", "warn", "ignore"]' = "raise",
+        extra_ok_returncodes: Optional[Iterable[int]] = None,
+        command_desc: Optional[str] = None,
+        extra_environ: Optional[Mapping[str, Any]] = None,
+        spinner: Optional[SpinnerInterface] = None,
+        log_failed_cmd: bool = True,
+        stdout_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Run a VCS subcommand
+        This is simply a wrapper around call_subprocess that adds the VCS
+        command name, and checks that the VCS is available
+        """
+        cmd = make_command(cls.name, *cmd)
+        if command_desc is None:
+            command_desc = format_command_args(cmd)
+        try:
+            return call_subprocess(
+                cmd,
+                show_stdout,
+                cwd,
+                on_returncode=on_returncode,
+                extra_ok_returncodes=extra_ok_returncodes,
+                command_desc=command_desc,
+                extra_environ=extra_environ,
+                unset_environ=cls.unset_environ,
+                spinner=spinner,
+                log_failed_cmd=log_failed_cmd,
+                stdout_only=stdout_only,
+            )
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            # errno.ENOENT = no such file or directory
+            # In other words, the VCS executable isn't available
+            raise BadCommand(
+                f"Cannot find command {cls.name!r} - do you have "
+                f"{cls.name!r} installed and in your PATH?"
+            )
+        except PermissionError:
+            # errno.EACCES = Permission denied
+            # This error occurs, for instance, when the command is installed
+            # only for another user. So, the current user don't have
+            # permission to call the other user command.
+            raise BadCommand(
+                f"No permission to execute {cls.name!r} - install it "
+                f"locally, globally (ask admin), or check your PATH. "
+                f"See possible solutions at "
+                f"https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/reference/pip_freeze/"
+                f"#fixing-permission-denied."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_repository_directory(cls, path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Return whether a directory path is a repository directory.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Checking in %s for %s (%s)...", path, cls.dirname, cls.name)
+        return os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, cls.dirname))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_repository_root(cls, location: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Return the "root" (top-level) directory controlled by the vcs,
+        or `None` if the directory is not in any.
+
+        It is meant to be overridden to implement smarter detection
+        mechanisms for specific vcs.
+
+        This can do more than is_repository_directory() alone. For
+        example, the Git override checks that Git is actually available.
+        """
+        if cls.is_repository_directory(location):
+            return location
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1debe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_internal/wheel_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+"""Orchestrator for building wheels from InstallRequirements.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name, canonicalize_version
+from pip._vendor.packaging.version import InvalidVersion, Version
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.exceptions import InvalidWheelFilename, UnsupportedWheel
+from pip._internal.metadata import FilesystemWheel, get_wheel_distribution
+from pip._internal.models.link import Link
+from pip._internal.models.wheel import Wheel
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel import build_wheel_pep517
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_editable import build_wheel_editable
+from pip._internal.operations.build.wheel_legacy import build_wheel_legacy
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir, hash_file
+from pip._internal.utils.setuptools_build import make_setuptools_clean_args
+from pip._internal.utils.subprocess import call_subprocess
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url
+from pip._internal.vcs import vcs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_egg_info_re = re.compile(r"([a-z0-9_.]+)-([a-z0-9_.!+-]+)", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+BuildResult = Tuple[List[InstallRequirement], List[InstallRequirement]]
+
+
+def _contains_egg_info(s: str) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether the string looks like an egg_info.
+
+    :param s: The string to parse. E.g. foo-2.1
+    """
+    return bool(_egg_info_re.search(s))
+
+
+def _should_build(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    need_wheel: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """Return whether an InstallRequirement should be built into a wheel."""
+    if req.constraint:
+        # never build requirements that are merely constraints
+        return False
+    if req.is_wheel:
+        if need_wheel:
+            logger.info(
+                "Skipping %s, due to already being wheel.",
+                req.name,
+            )
+        return False
+
+    if need_wheel:
+        # i.e. pip wheel, not pip install
+        return True
+
+    # From this point, this concerns the pip install command only
+    # (need_wheel=False).
+
+    if not req.source_dir:
+        return False
+
+    if req.editable:
+        # we only build PEP 660 editable requirements
+        return req.supports_pyproject_editable()
+
+    return True
+
+
+def should_build_for_wheel_command(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> bool:
+    return _should_build(req, need_wheel=True)
+
+
+def should_build_for_install_command(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> bool:
+    return _should_build(req, need_wheel=False)
+
+
+def _should_cache(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+) -> Optional[bool]:
+    """
+    Return whether a built InstallRequirement can be stored in the persistent
+    wheel cache, assuming the wheel cache is available, and _should_build()
+    has determined a wheel needs to be built.
+    """
+    if req.editable or not req.source_dir:
+        # never cache editable requirements
+        return False
+
+    if req.link and req.link.is_vcs:
+        # VCS checkout. Do not cache
+        # unless it points to an immutable commit hash.
+        assert not req.editable
+        assert req.source_dir
+        vcs_backend = vcs.get_backend_for_scheme(req.link.scheme)
+        assert vcs_backend
+        if vcs_backend.is_immutable_rev_checkout(req.link.url, req.source_dir):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    assert req.link
+    base, ext = req.link.splitext()
+    if _contains_egg_info(base):
+        return True
+
+    # Otherwise, do not cache.
+    return False
+
+
+def _get_cache_dir(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    wheel_cache: WheelCache,
+) -> str:
+    """Return the persistent or temporary cache directory where the built
+    wheel need to be stored.
+    """
+    cache_available = bool(wheel_cache.cache_dir)
+    assert req.link
+    if cache_available and _should_cache(req):
+        cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_path_for_link(req.link)
+    else:
+        cache_dir = wheel_cache.get_ephem_path_for_link(req.link)
+    return cache_dir
+
+
+def _verify_one(req: InstallRequirement, wheel_path: str) -> None:
+    canonical_name = canonicalize_name(req.name or "")
+    w = Wheel(os.path.basename(wheel_path))
+    if canonicalize_name(w.name) != canonical_name:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Wheel has unexpected file name: expected {canonical_name!r}, "
+            f"got {w.name!r}",
+        )
+    dist = get_wheel_distribution(FilesystemWheel(wheel_path), canonical_name)
+    dist_verstr = str(dist.version)
+    if canonicalize_version(dist_verstr) != canonicalize_version(w.version):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Wheel has unexpected file name: expected {dist_verstr!r}, "
+            f"got {w.version!r}",
+        )
+    metadata_version_value = dist.metadata_version
+    if metadata_version_value is None:
+        raise UnsupportedWheel("Missing Metadata-Version")
+    try:
+        metadata_version = Version(metadata_version_value)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        msg = f"Invalid Metadata-Version: {metadata_version_value}"
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(msg)
+    if metadata_version >= Version("1.2") and not isinstance(dist.version, Version):
+        raise UnsupportedWheel(
+            f"Metadata 1.2 mandates PEP 440 version, but {dist_verstr!r} is not"
+        )
+
+
+def _build_one(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    output_dir: str,
+    verify: bool,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+    editable: bool,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Build one wheel.
+
+    :return: The filename of the built wheel, or None if the build failed.
+    """
+    artifact = "editable" if editable else "wheel"
+    try:
+        ensure_dir(output_dir)
+    except OSError as e:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Building %s for %s failed: %s",
+            artifact,
+            req.name,
+            e,
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Install build deps into temporary directory (PEP 518)
+    with req.build_env:
+        wheel_path = _build_one_inside_env(
+            req, output_dir, build_options, global_options, editable
+        )
+    if wheel_path and verify:
+        try:
+            _verify_one(req, wheel_path)
+        except (InvalidWheelFilename, UnsupportedWheel) as e:
+            logger.warning("Built %s for %s is invalid: %s", artifact, req.name, e)
+            return None
+    return wheel_path
+
+
+def _build_one_inside_env(
+    req: InstallRequirement,
+    output_dir: str,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+    editable: bool,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    with TempDirectory(kind="wheel") as temp_dir:
+        assert req.name
+        if req.use_pep517:
+            assert req.metadata_directory
+            assert req.pep517_backend
+            if global_options:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring --global-option when building %s using PEP 517", req.name
+                )
+            if build_options:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Ignoring --build-option when building %s using PEP 517", req.name
+                )
+            if editable:
+                wheel_path = build_wheel_editable(
+                    name=req.name,
+                    backend=req.pep517_backend,
+                    metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
+                    tempd=temp_dir.path,
+                )
+            else:
+                wheel_path = build_wheel_pep517(
+                    name=req.name,
+                    backend=req.pep517_backend,
+                    metadata_directory=req.metadata_directory,
+                    tempd=temp_dir.path,
+                )
+        else:
+            wheel_path = build_wheel_legacy(
+                name=req.name,
+                setup_py_path=req.setup_py_path,
+                source_dir=req.unpacked_source_directory,
+                global_options=global_options,
+                build_options=build_options,
+                tempd=temp_dir.path,
+            )
+
+        if wheel_path is not None:
+            wheel_name = os.path.basename(wheel_path)
+            dest_path = os.path.join(output_dir, wheel_name)
+            try:
+                wheel_hash, length = hash_file(wheel_path)
+                shutil.move(wheel_path, dest_path)
+                logger.info(
+                    "Created wheel for %s: filename=%s size=%d sha256=%s",
+                    req.name,
+                    wheel_name,
+                    length,
+                    wheel_hash.hexdigest(),
+                )
+                logger.info("Stored in directory: %s", output_dir)
+                return dest_path
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "Building wheel for %s failed: %s",
+                    req.name,
+                    e,
+                )
+        # Ignore return, we can't do anything else useful.
+        if not req.use_pep517:
+            _clean_one_legacy(req, global_options)
+        return None
+
+
+def _clean_one_legacy(req: InstallRequirement, global_options: List[str]) -> bool:
+    clean_args = make_setuptools_clean_args(
+        req.setup_py_path,
+        global_options=global_options,
+    )
+
+    logger.info("Running setup.py clean for %s", req.name)
+    try:
+        call_subprocess(
+            clean_args, command_desc="python setup.py clean", cwd=req.source_dir
+        )
+        return True
+    except Exception:
+        logger.error("Failed cleaning build dir for %s", req.name)
+        return False
+
+
+def build(
+    requirements: Iterable[InstallRequirement],
+    wheel_cache: WheelCache,
+    verify: bool,
+    build_options: List[str],
+    global_options: List[str],
+) -> BuildResult:
+    """Build wheels.
+
+    :return: The list of InstallRequirement that succeeded to build and
+        the list of InstallRequirement that failed to build.
+    """
+    if not requirements:
+        return [], []
+
+    # Build the wheels.
+    logger.info(
+        "Building wheels for collected packages: %s",
+        ", ".join(req.name for req in requirements),  # type: ignore
+    )
+
+    with indent_log():
+        build_successes, build_failures = [], []
+        for req in requirements:
+            assert req.name
+            cache_dir = _get_cache_dir(req, wheel_cache)
+            wheel_file = _build_one(
+                req,
+                cache_dir,
+                verify,
+                build_options,
+                global_options,
+                req.editable and req.permit_editable_wheels,
+            )
+            if wheel_file:
+                # Record the download origin in the cache
+                if req.download_info is not None:
+                    # download_info is guaranteed to be set because when we build an
+                    # InstallRequirement it has been through the preparer before, but
+                    # let's be cautious.
+                    wheel_cache.record_download_origin(cache_dir, req.download_info)
+                # Update the link for this.
+                req.link = Link(path_to_url(wheel_file))
+                req.local_file_path = req.link.file_path
+                assert req.link.is_wheel
+                build_successes.append(req)
+            else:
+                build_failures.append(req)
+
+    # notify success/failure
+    if build_successes:
+        logger.info(
+            "Successfully built %s",
+            " ".join([req.name for req in build_successes]),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    if build_failures:
+        logger.info(
+            "Failed to build %s",
+            " ".join([req.name for req in build_failures]),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    # Return a list of requirements that failed to build
+    return build_successes, build_failures
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1884ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"""
+pip._vendor is for vendoring dependencies of pip to prevent needing pip to
+depend on something external.
+
+Files inside of pip._vendor should be considered immutable and should only be
+updated to versions from upstream.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import glob
+import os.path
+import sys
+
+# Downstream redistributors which have debundled our dependencies should also
+# patch this value to be true. This will trigger the additional patching
+# to cause things like "six" to be available as pip.
+DEBUNDLED = False
+
+# By default, look in this directory for a bunch of .whl files which we will
+# add to the beginning of sys.path before attempting to import anything. This
+# is done to support downstream re-distributors like Debian and Fedora who
+# wish to create their own Wheels for our dependencies to aid in debundling.
+WHEEL_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+
+# Define a small helper function to alias our vendored modules to the real ones
+# if the vendored ones do not exist. This idea of this was taken from
+# https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests/pull/2567.
+def vendored(modulename):
+    vendored_name = "{0}.{1}".format(__name__, modulename)
+
+    try:
+        __import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
+    except ImportError:
+        # We can just silently allow import failures to pass here. If we
+        # got to this point it means that ``import pip._vendor.whatever``
+        # failed and so did ``import whatever``. Since we're importing this
+        # upfront in an attempt to alias imports, not erroring here will
+        # just mean we get a regular import error whenever pip *actually*
+        # tries to import one of these modules to use it, which actually
+        # gives us a better error message than we would have otherwise
+        # gotten.
+        pass
+    else:
+        sys.modules[vendored_name] = sys.modules[modulename]
+        base, head = vendored_name.rsplit(".", 1)
+        setattr(sys.modules[base], head, sys.modules[modulename])
+
+
+# If we're operating in a debundled setup, then we want to go ahead and trigger
+# the aliasing of our vendored libraries as well as looking for wheels to add
+# to our sys.path. This will cause all of this code to be a no-op typically
+# however downstream redistributors can enable it in a consistent way across
+# all platforms.
+if DEBUNDLED:
+    # Actually look inside of WHEEL_DIR to find .whl files and add them to the
+    # front of our sys.path.
+    sys.path[:] = glob.glob(os.path.join(WHEEL_DIR, "*.whl")) + sys.path
+
+    # Actually alias all of our vendored dependencies.
+    vendored("cachecontrol")
+    vendored("certifi")
+    vendored("colorama")
+    vendored("distlib")
+    vendored("distro")
+    vendored("six")
+    vendored("six.moves")
+    vendored("six.moves.urllib")
+    vendored("six.moves.urllib.parse")
+    vendored("packaging")
+    vendored("packaging.version")
+    vendored("packaging.specifiers")
+    vendored("pep517")
+    vendored("pkg_resources")
+    vendored("platformdirs")
+    vendored("progress")
+    vendored("requests")
+    vendored("requests.exceptions")
+    vendored("requests.packages")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3._collections")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.connection")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.fields")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.filepost")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ordered_dict")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.six")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.packages.ssl_match_hostname."
+             "_implementation")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.request")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.response")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.connection")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.request")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.response")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.retry")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.timeout")
+    vendored("requests.packages.urllib3.util.url")
+    vendored("resolvelib")
+    vendored("rich")
+    vendored("rich.console")
+    vendored("rich.highlighter")
+    vendored("rich.logging")
+    vendored("rich.markup")
+    vendored("rich.progress")
+    vendored("rich.segment")
+    vendored("rich.style")
+    vendored("rich.text")
+    vendored("rich.traceback")
+    vendored("tenacity")
+    vendored("tomli")
+    vendored("truststore")
+    vendored("urllib3")
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d20bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""CacheControl import Interface.
+
+Make it easy to import from cachecontrol without long namespaces.
+"""
+__author__ = "Eric Larson"
+__email__ = "eric@ionrock.org"
+__version__ = "0.13.1"
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.wrapper import CacheControl
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__version__",
+    "CacheControlAdapter",
+    "CacheController",
+    "CacheControl",
+]
+
+import logging
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(logging.NullHandler())
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c84208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/_cmd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor import requests
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import logger
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from argparse import Namespace
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+
+
+def setup_logging() -> None:
+    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+
+
+def get_session() -> requests.Session:
+    adapter = CacheControlAdapter(
+        DictCache(), cache_etags=True, serializer=None, heuristic=None
+    )
+    sess = requests.Session()
+    sess.mount("http://", adapter)
+    sess.mount("https://", adapter)
+
+    sess.cache_controller = adapter.controller  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    return sess
+
+
+def get_args() -> Namespace:
+    parser = ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("url", help="The URL to try and cache")
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    args = get_args()
+    sess = get_session()
+
+    # Make a request to get a response
+    resp = sess.get(args.url)
+
+    # Turn on logging
+    setup_logging()
+
+    # try setting the cache
+    cache_controller: CacheController = (
+        sess.cache_controller  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    )
+    cache_controller.cache_response(resp.request, resp.raw)
+
+    # Now try to get it
+    if cache_controller.cached_request(resp.request):
+        print("Cached!")
+    else:
+        print("Not cached :(")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e83e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import types
+import zlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Collection, Mapping
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES, CacheController
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.filewrapper import CallbackFileWrapper
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest, Response
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.heuristics import BaseHeuristic
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+
+class CacheControlAdapter(HTTPAdapter):
+    invalidating_methods = {"PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+        cache_etags: bool = True,
+        controller_class: type[CacheController] | None = None,
+        serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+        heuristic: BaseHeuristic | None = None,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+        self.cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+        self.heuristic = heuristic
+        self.cacheable_methods = cacheable_methods or ("GET",)
+
+        controller_factory = controller_class or CacheController
+        self.controller = controller_factory(
+            self.cache, cache_etags=cache_etags, serializer=serializer
+        )
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        stream: bool = False,
+        timeout: None | float | tuple[float, float] | tuple[float, None] = None,
+        verify: bool | str = True,
+        cert: (None | bytes | str | tuple[bytes | str, bytes | str]) = None,
+        proxies: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Send a request. Use the request information to see if it
+        exists in the cache and cache the response if we need to and can.
+        """
+        cacheable = cacheable_methods or self.cacheable_methods
+        if request.method in cacheable:
+            try:
+                cached_response = self.controller.cached_request(request)
+            except zlib.error:
+                cached_response = None
+            if cached_response:
+                return self.build_response(request, cached_response, from_cache=True)
+
+            # check for etags and add headers if appropriate
+            request.headers.update(self.controller.conditional_headers(request))
+
+        resp = super().send(request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
+
+        return resp
+
+    def build_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        from_cache: bool = False,
+        cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> Response:
+        """
+        Build a response by making a request or using the cache.
+
+        This will end up calling send and returning a potentially
+        cached response
+        """
+        cacheable = cacheable_methods or self.cacheable_methods
+        if not from_cache and request.method in cacheable:
+            # Check for any heuristics that might update headers
+            # before trying to cache.
+            if self.heuristic:
+                response = self.heuristic.apply(response)
+
+            # apply any expiration heuristics
+            if response.status == 304:
+                # We must have sent an ETag request. This could mean
+                # that we've been expired already or that we simply
+                # have an etag. In either case, we want to try and
+                # update the cache if that is the case.
+                cached_response = self.controller.update_cached_response(
+                    request, response
+                )
+
+                if cached_response is not response:
+                    from_cache = True
+
+                # We are done with the server response, read a
+                # possible response body (compliant servers will
+                # not return one, but we cannot be 100% sure) and
+                # release the connection back to the pool.
+                response.read(decode_content=False)
+                response.release_conn()
+
+                response = cached_response
+
+            # We always cache the 301 responses
+            elif int(response.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+                self.controller.cache_response(request, response)
+            else:
+                # Wrap the response file with a wrapper that will cache the
+                #   response when the stream has been consumed.
+                response._fp = CallbackFileWrapper(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                    response._fp,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                    functools.partial(
+                        self.controller.cache_response, request, response
+                    ),
+                )
+                if response.chunked:
+                    super_update_chunk_length = response._update_chunk_length  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+                    def _update_chunk_length(self: HTTPResponse) -> None:
+                        super_update_chunk_length()
+                        if self.chunk_left == 0:
+                            self._fp._close()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+                    response._update_chunk_length = types.MethodType(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                        _update_chunk_length, response
+                    )
+
+        resp: Response = super().build_response(request, response)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+
+        # See if we should invalidate the cache.
+        if request.method in self.invalidating_methods and resp.ok:
+            assert request.url is not None
+            cache_url = self.controller.cache_url(request.url)
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+
+        # Give the request a from_cache attr to let people use it
+        resp.from_cache = from_cache  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return resp
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self.cache.close()
+        super().close()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3293b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""
+The cache object API for implementing caches. The default is a thread
+safe in-memory dictionary.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from threading import Lock
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, MutableMapping
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class BaseCache:
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+class DictCache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, init_dict: MutableMapping[str, bytes] | None = None) -> None:
+        self.lock = Lock()
+        self.data = init_dict or {}
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        return self.data.get(key, None)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        with self.lock:
+            self.data.update({key: value})
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        with self.lock:
+            if key in self.data:
+                self.data.pop(key)
+
+
+class SeparateBodyBaseCache(BaseCache):
+    """
+    In this variant, the body is not stored mixed in with the metadata, but is
+    passed in (as a bytes-like object) in a separate call to ``set_body()``.
+
+    That is, the expected interaction pattern is::
+
+        cache.set(key, serialized_metadata)
+        cache.set_body(key)
+
+    Similarly, the body should be loaded separately via ``get_body()``.
+    """
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> IO[bytes] | None:
+        """
+        Return the body as file-like object.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24ff469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches.file_cache import FileCache, SeparateBodyFileCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.caches.redis_cache import RedisCache
+
+__all__ = ["FileCache", "SeparateBodyFileCache", "RedisCache"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/redis_cache.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/__pycache__/redis_cache.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd2801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/file_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache, SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    from filelock import BaseFileLock
+
+
+def _secure_open_write(filename: str, fmode: int) -> IO[bytes]:
+    # We only want to write to this file, so open it in write only mode
+    flags = os.O_WRONLY
+
+    # os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL will fail if the file already exists, so we only
+    #  will open *new* files.
+    # We specify this because we want to ensure that the mode we pass is the
+    # mode of the file.
+    flags |= os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL
+
+    # Do not follow symlinks to prevent someone from making a symlink that
+    # we follow and insecurely open a cache file.
+    if hasattr(os, "O_NOFOLLOW"):
+        flags |= os.O_NOFOLLOW
+
+    # On Windows we'll mark this file as binary
+    if hasattr(os, "O_BINARY"):
+        flags |= os.O_BINARY
+
+    # Before we open our file, we want to delete any existing file that is
+    # there
+    try:
+        os.remove(filename)
+    except OSError:
+        # The file must not exist already, so we can just skip ahead to opening
+        pass
+
+    # Open our file, the use of os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL will ensure that if a
+    # race condition happens between the os.remove and this line, that an
+    # error will be raised. Because we utilize a lockfile this should only
+    # happen if someone is attempting to attack us.
+    fd = os.open(filename, flags, fmode)
+    try:
+        return os.fdopen(fd, "wb")
+
+    except:
+        # An error occurred wrapping our FD in a file object
+        os.close(fd)
+        raise
+
+
+class _FileCacheMixin:
+    """Shared implementation for both FileCache variants."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str,
+        forever: bool = False,
+        filemode: int = 0o0600,
+        dirmode: int = 0o0700,
+        lock_class: type[BaseFileLock] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            if lock_class is None:
+                from filelock import FileLock
+
+                lock_class = FileLock
+        except ImportError:
+            notice = dedent(
+                """
+            NOTE: In order to use the FileCache you must have
+            filelock installed. You can install it via pip:
+              pip install filelock
+            """
+            )
+            raise ImportError(notice)
+
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.forever = forever
+        self.filemode = filemode
+        self.dirmode = dirmode
+        self.lock_class = lock_class
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode(x: str) -> str:
+        return hashlib.sha224(x.encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def _fn(self, name: str) -> str:
+        # NOTE: This method should not change as some may depend on it.
+        #       See: https://github.com/ionrock/cachecontrol/issues/63
+        hashed = self.encode(name)
+        parts = list(hashed[:5]) + [hashed]
+        return os.path.join(self.directory, *parts)
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        name = self._fn(key)
+        try:
+            with open(name, "rb") as fh:
+                return fh.read()
+
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key)
+        self._write(name, value)
+
+    def _write(self, path: str, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Safely write the data to the given path.
+        """
+        # Make sure the directory exists
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), self.dirmode)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+        with self.lock_class(path + ".lock"):
+            # Write our actual file
+            with _secure_open_write(path, self.filemode) as fh:
+                fh.write(data)
+
+    def _delete(self, key: str, suffix: str) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + suffix
+        if not self.forever:
+            try:
+                os.remove(name)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+
+class FileCache(_FileCacheMixin, BaseCache):
+    """
+    Traditional FileCache: body is stored in memory, so not suitable for large
+    downloads.
+    """
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._delete(key, "")
+
+
+class SeparateBodyFileCache(_FileCacheMixin, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+    """
+    Memory-efficient FileCache: body is stored in a separate file, reducing
+    peak memory usage.
+    """
+
+    def get_body(self, key: str) -> IO[bytes] | None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + ".body"
+        try:
+            return open(name, "rb")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return None
+
+    def set_body(self, key: str, body: bytes) -> None:
+        name = self._fn(key) + ".body"
+        self._write(name, body)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._delete(key, "")
+        self._delete(key, ".body")
+
+
+def url_to_file_path(url: str, filecache: FileCache) -> str:
+    """Return the file cache path based on the URL.
+
+    This does not ensure the file exists!
+    """
+    key = CacheController.cache_url(url)
+    return filecache._fn(key)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f68c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/caches/redis_cache.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from redis import Redis
+
+
+class RedisCache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, conn: Redis[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.conn = conn
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> bytes | None:
+        return self.conn.get(key)
+
+    def set(
+        self, key: str, value: bytes, expires: int | datetime | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if not expires:
+            self.conn.set(key, value)
+        elif isinstance(expires, datetime):
+            now_utc = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+            if expires.tzinfo is None:
+                now_utc = now_utc.replace(tzinfo=None)
+            delta = expires - now_utc
+            self.conn.setex(key, int(delta.total_seconds()), value)
+        else:
+            self.conn.setex(key, expires, value)
+
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self.conn.delete(key)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Helper for clearing all the keys in a database. Use with
+        caution!"""
+        for key in self.conn.keys():
+            self.conn.delete(key)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Redis uses connection pooling, no need to close the connection."""
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..586b9f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+"""
+The httplib2 algorithms ported for use with requests.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+from email.utils import parsedate_tz
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection, Mapping
+
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache, SeparateBodyBaseCache
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+URI = re.compile(r"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?")
+
+PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES = (301, 308)
+
+
+def parse_uri(uri: str) -> tuple[str, str, str, str, str]:
+    """Parses a URI using the regex given in Appendix B of RFC 3986.
+
+    (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
+    """
+    match = URI.match(uri)
+    assert match is not None
+    groups = match.groups()
+    return (groups[1], groups[3], groups[4], groups[6], groups[8])
+
+
+class CacheController:
+    """An interface to see if request should cached or not."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+        cache_etags: bool = True,
+        serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+        status_codes: Collection[int] | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+        self.cache_etags = cache_etags
+        self.serializer = serializer or Serializer()
+        self.cacheable_status_codes = status_codes or (200, 203, 300, 301, 308)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _urlnorm(cls, uri: str) -> str:
+        """Normalize the URL to create a safe key for the cache"""
+        (scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
+        if not scheme or not authority:
+            raise Exception("Only absolute URIs are allowed. uri = %s" % uri)
+
+        scheme = scheme.lower()
+        authority = authority.lower()
+
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        # Could do syntax based normalization of the URI before
+        # computing the digest. See Section 6.2.2 of Std 66.
+        request_uri = query and "?".join([path, query]) or path
+        defrag_uri = scheme + "://" + authority + request_uri
+
+        return defrag_uri
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cache_url(cls, uri: str) -> str:
+        return cls._urlnorm(uri)
+
+    def parse_cache_control(self, headers: Mapping[str, str]) -> dict[str, int | None]:
+        known_directives = {
+            # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.2
+            "max-age": (int, True),
+            "max-stale": (int, False),
+            "min-fresh": (int, True),
+            "no-cache": (None, False),
+            "no-store": (None, False),
+            "no-transform": (None, False),
+            "only-if-cached": (None, False),
+            "must-revalidate": (None, False),
+            "public": (None, False),
+            "private": (None, False),
+            "proxy-revalidate": (None, False),
+            "s-maxage": (int, True),
+        }
+
+        cc_headers = headers.get("cache-control", headers.get("Cache-Control", ""))
+
+        retval: dict[str, int | None] = {}
+
+        for cc_directive in cc_headers.split(","):
+            if not cc_directive.strip():
+                continue
+
+            parts = cc_directive.split("=", 1)
+            directive = parts[0].strip()
+
+            try:
+                typ, required = known_directives[directive]
+            except KeyError:
+                logger.debug("Ignoring unknown cache-control directive: %s", directive)
+                continue
+
+            if not typ or not required:
+                retval[directive] = None
+            if typ:
+                try:
+                    retval[directive] = typ(parts[1].strip())
+                except IndexError:
+                    if required:
+                        logger.debug(
+                            "Missing value for cache-control " "directive: %s",
+                            directive,
+                        )
+                except ValueError:
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Invalid value for cache-control directive " "%s, must be %s",
+                        directive,
+                        typ.__name__,
+                    )
+
+        return retval
+
+    def _load_from_cache(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Load a cached response, or return None if it's not available.
+        """
+        cache_url = request.url
+        assert cache_url is not None
+        cache_data = self.cache.get(cache_url)
+        if cache_data is None:
+            logger.debug("No cache entry available")
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(self.cache, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+            body_file = self.cache.get_body(cache_url)
+        else:
+            body_file = None
+
+        result = self.serializer.loads(request, cache_data, body_file)
+        if result is None:
+            logger.warning("Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored")
+        return result
+
+    def cached_request(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> HTTPResponse | Literal[False]:
+        """
+        Return a cached response if it exists in the cache, otherwise
+        return False.
+        """
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        logger.debug('Looking up "%s" in the cache', cache_url)
+        cc = self.parse_cache_control(request.headers)
+
+        # Bail out if the request insists on fresh data
+        if "no-cache" in cc:
+            logger.debug('Request header has "no-cache", cache bypassed')
+            return False
+
+        if "max-age" in cc and cc["max-age"] == 0:
+            logger.debug('Request header has "max_age" as 0, cache bypassed')
+            return False
+
+        # Check whether we can load the response from the cache:
+        resp = self._load_from_cache(request)
+        if not resp:
+            return False
+
+        # If we have a cached permanent redirect, return it immediately. We
+        # don't need to test our response for other headers b/c it is
+        # intrinsically "cacheable" as it is Permanent.
+        #
+        # See:
+        #   https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.2
+        #
+        # Client can try to refresh the value by repeating the request
+        # with cache busting headers as usual (ie no-cache).
+        if int(resp.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            msg = (
+                "Returning cached permanent redirect response "
+                "(ignoring date and etag information)"
+            )
+            logger.debug(msg)
+            return resp
+
+        headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(resp.headers)
+        if not headers or "date" not in headers:
+            if "etag" not in headers:
+                # Without date or etag, the cached response can never be used
+                # and should be deleted.
+                logger.debug("Purging cached response: no date or etag")
+                self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+            logger.debug("Ignoring cached response: no date")
+            return False
+
+        now = time.time()
+        time_tuple = parsedate_tz(headers["date"])
+        assert time_tuple is not None
+        date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        current_age = max(0, now - date)
+        logger.debug("Current age based on date: %i", current_age)
+
+        # TODO: There is an assumption that the result will be a
+        #       urllib3 response object. This may not be best since we
+        #       could probably avoid instantiating or constructing the
+        #       response until we know we need it.
+        resp_cc = self.parse_cache_control(headers)
+
+        # determine freshness
+        freshness_lifetime = 0
+
+        # Check the max-age pragma in the cache control header
+        max_age = resp_cc.get("max-age")
+        if max_age is not None:
+            freshness_lifetime = max_age
+            logger.debug("Freshness lifetime from max-age: %i", freshness_lifetime)
+
+        # If there isn't a max-age, check for an expires header
+        elif "expires" in headers:
+            expires = parsedate_tz(headers["expires"])
+            if expires is not None:
+                expire_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+                freshness_lifetime = max(0, expire_time)
+                logger.debug("Freshness lifetime from expires: %i", freshness_lifetime)
+
+        # Determine if we are setting freshness limit in the
+        # request. Note, this overrides what was in the response.
+        max_age = cc.get("max-age")
+        if max_age is not None:
+            freshness_lifetime = max_age
+            logger.debug(
+                "Freshness lifetime from request max-age: %i", freshness_lifetime
+            )
+
+        min_fresh = cc.get("min-fresh")
+        if min_fresh is not None:
+            # adjust our current age by our min fresh
+            current_age += min_fresh
+            logger.debug("Adjusted current age from min-fresh: %i", current_age)
+
+        # Return entry if it is fresh enough
+        if freshness_lifetime > current_age:
+            logger.debug('The response is "fresh", returning cached response')
+            logger.debug("%i > %i", freshness_lifetime, current_age)
+            return resp
+
+        # we're not fresh. If we don't have an Etag, clear it out
+        if "etag" not in headers:
+            logger.debug('The cached response is "stale" with no etag, purging')
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+
+        # return the original handler
+        return False
+
+    def conditional_headers(self, request: PreparedRequest) -> dict[str, str]:
+        resp = self._load_from_cache(request)
+        new_headers = {}
+
+        if resp:
+            headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(resp.headers)
+
+            if "etag" in headers:
+                new_headers["If-None-Match"] = headers["ETag"]
+
+            if "last-modified" in headers:
+                new_headers["If-Modified-Since"] = headers["Last-Modified"]
+
+        return new_headers
+
+    def _cache_set(
+        self,
+        cache_url: str,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+        expires_time: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Store the data in the cache.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self.cache, SeparateBodyBaseCache):
+            # We pass in the body separately; just put a placeholder empty
+            # string in the metadata.
+            self.cache.set(
+                cache_url,
+                self.serializer.dumps(request, response, b""),
+                expires=expires_time,
+            )
+            # body is None can happen when, for example, we're only updating
+            # headers, as is the case in update_cached_response().
+            if body is not None:
+                self.cache.set_body(cache_url, body)
+        else:
+            self.cache.set(
+                cache_url,
+                self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body),
+                expires=expires_time,
+            )
+
+    def cache_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+        status_codes: Collection[int] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Algorithm for caching requests.
+
+        This assumes a requests Response object.
+        """
+        # From httplib2: Don't cache 206's since we aren't going to
+        #                handle byte range requests
+        cacheable_status_codes = status_codes or self.cacheable_status_codes
+        if response.status not in cacheable_status_codes:
+            logger.debug(
+                "Status code %s not in %s", response.status, cacheable_status_codes
+            )
+            return
+
+        response_headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            response.headers
+        )
+
+        if "date" in response_headers:
+            time_tuple = parsedate_tz(response_headers["date"])
+            assert time_tuple is not None
+            date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        else:
+            date = 0
+
+        # If we've been given a body, our response has a Content-Length, that
+        # Content-Length is valid then we can check to see if the body we've
+        # been given matches the expected size, and if it doesn't we'll just
+        # skip trying to cache it.
+        if (
+            body is not None
+            and "content-length" in response_headers
+            and response_headers["content-length"].isdigit()
+            and int(response_headers["content-length"]) != len(body)
+        ):
+            return
+
+        cc_req = self.parse_cache_control(request.headers)
+        cc = self.parse_cache_control(response_headers)
+
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        logger.debug('Updating cache with response from "%s"', cache_url)
+
+        # Delete it from the cache if we happen to have it stored there
+        no_store = False
+        if "no-store" in cc:
+            no_store = True
+            logger.debug('Response header has "no-store"')
+        if "no-store" in cc_req:
+            no_store = True
+            logger.debug('Request header has "no-store"')
+        if no_store and self.cache.get(cache_url):
+            logger.debug('Purging existing cache entry to honor "no-store"')
+            self.cache.delete(cache_url)
+        if no_store:
+            return
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.1:
+        # A Vary header field-value of "*" always fails to match.
+        # Storing such a response leads to a deserialization warning
+        # during cache lookup and is not allowed to ever be served,
+        # so storing it can be avoided.
+        if "*" in response_headers.get("vary", ""):
+            logger.debug('Response header has "Vary: *"')
+            return
+
+        # If we've been given an etag, then keep the response
+        if self.cache_etags and "etag" in response_headers:
+            expires_time = 0
+            if response_headers.get("expires"):
+                expires = parsedate_tz(response_headers["expires"])
+                if expires is not None:
+                    expires_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+
+            expires_time = max(expires_time, 14 * 86400)
+
+            logger.debug(f"etag object cached for {expires_time} seconds")
+            logger.debug("Caching due to etag")
+            self._cache_set(cache_url, request, response, body, expires_time)
+
+        # Add to the cache any permanent redirects. We do this before looking
+        # that the Date headers.
+        elif int(response.status) in PERMANENT_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            logger.debug("Caching permanent redirect")
+            self._cache_set(cache_url, request, response, b"")
+
+        # Add to the cache if the response headers demand it. If there
+        # is no date header then we can't do anything about expiring
+        # the cache.
+        elif "date" in response_headers:
+            time_tuple = parsedate_tz(response_headers["date"])
+            assert time_tuple is not None
+            date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+            # cache when there is a max-age > 0
+            max_age = cc.get("max-age")
+            if max_age is not None and max_age > 0:
+                logger.debug("Caching b/c date exists and max-age > 0")
+                expires_time = max_age
+                self._cache_set(
+                    cache_url,
+                    request,
+                    response,
+                    body,
+                    expires_time,
+                )
+
+            # If the request can expire, it means we should cache it
+            # in the meantime.
+            elif "expires" in response_headers:
+                if response_headers["expires"]:
+                    expires = parsedate_tz(response_headers["expires"])
+                    if expires is not None:
+                        expires_time = calendar.timegm(expires[:6]) - date
+                    else:
+                        expires_time = None
+
+                    logger.debug(
+                        "Caching b/c of expires header. expires in {} seconds".format(
+                            expires_time
+                        )
+                    )
+                    self._cache_set(
+                        cache_url,
+                        request,
+                        response,
+                        body,
+                        expires_time,
+                    )
+
+    def update_cached_response(
+        self, request: PreparedRequest, response: HTTPResponse
+    ) -> HTTPResponse:
+        """On a 304 we will get a new set of headers that we want to
+        update our cached value with, assuming we have one.
+
+        This should only ever be called when we've sent an ETag and
+        gotten a 304 as the response.
+        """
+        assert request.url is not None
+        cache_url = self.cache_url(request.url)
+        cached_response = self._load_from_cache(request)
+
+        if not cached_response:
+            # we didn't have a cached response
+            return response
+
+        # Lets update our headers with the headers from the new request:
+        # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-26#section-4.1
+        #
+        # The server isn't supposed to send headers that would make
+        # the cached body invalid. But... just in case, we'll be sure
+        # to strip out ones we know that might be problmatic due to
+        # typical assumptions.
+        excluded_headers = ["content-length"]
+
+        cached_response.headers.update(
+            {
+                k: v
+                for k, v in response.headers.items()  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                if k.lower() not in excluded_headers
+            }
+        )
+
+        # we want a 200 b/c we have content via the cache
+        cached_response.status = 200
+
+        # update our cache
+        self._cache_set(cache_url, request, cached_response)
+
+        return cached_response
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2514390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import mmap
+from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from http.client import HTTPResponse
+
+
+class CallbackFileWrapper:
+    """
+    Small wrapper around a fp object which will tee everything read into a
+    buffer, and when that file is closed it will execute a callback with the
+    contents of that buffer.
+
+    All attributes are proxied to the underlying file object.
+
+    This class uses members with a double underscore (__) leading prefix so as
+    not to accidentally shadow an attribute.
+
+    The data is stored in a temporary file until it is all available.  As long
+    as the temporary files directory is disk-based (sometimes it's a
+    memory-backed-``tmpfs`` on Linux), data will be unloaded to disk if memory
+    pressure is high.  For small files the disk usually won't be used at all,
+    it'll all be in the filesystem memory cache, so there should be no
+    performance impact.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, fp: HTTPResponse, callback: Callable[[bytes], None] | None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.__buf = NamedTemporaryFile("rb+", delete=True)
+        self.__fp = fp
+        self.__callback = callback
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        # The vaguaries of garbage collection means that self.__fp is
+        # not always set.  By using __getattribute__ and the private
+        # name[0] allows looking up the attribute value and raising an
+        # AttributeError when it doesn't exist. This stop thigns from
+        # infinitely recursing calls to getattr in the case where
+        # self.__fp hasn't been set.
+        #
+        # [0] https://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#atom-identifiers
+        fp = self.__getattribute__("_CallbackFileWrapper__fp")
+        return getattr(fp, name)
+
+    def __is_fp_closed(self) -> bool:
+        try:
+            return self.__fp.fp is None
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            closed: bool = self.__fp.closed
+            return closed
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+        # We just don't cache it then.
+        # TODO: Add some logging here...
+        return False
+
+    def _close(self) -> None:
+        if self.__callback:
+            if self.__buf.tell() == 0:
+                # Empty file:
+                result = b""
+            else:
+                # Return the data without actually loading it into memory,
+                # relying on Python's buffer API and mmap(). mmap() just gives
+                # a view directly into the filesystem's memory cache, so it
+                # doesn't result in duplicate memory use.
+                self.__buf.seek(0, 0)
+                result = memoryview(
+                    mmap.mmap(self.__buf.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
+                )
+            self.__callback(result)
+
+        # We assign this to None here, because otherwise we can get into
+        # really tricky problems where the CPython interpreter dead locks
+        # because the callback is holding a reference to something which
+        # has a __del__ method. Setting this to None breaks the cycle
+        # and allows the garbage collector to do it's thing normally.
+        self.__callback = None
+
+        # Closing the temporary file releases memory and frees disk space.
+        # Important when caching big files.
+        self.__buf.close()
+
+    def read(self, amt: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+        data: bytes = self.__fp.read(amt)
+        if data:
+            # We may be dealing with b'', a sign that things are over:
+            # it's passed e.g. after we've already closed self.__buf.
+            self.__buf.write(data)
+        if self.__is_fp_closed():
+            self._close()
+
+        return data
+
+    def _safe_read(self, amt: int) -> bytes:
+        data: bytes = self.__fp._safe_read(amt)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        if amt == 2 and data == b"\r\n":
+            # urllib executes this read to toss the CRLF at the end
+            # of the chunk.
+            return data
+
+        self.__buf.write(data)
+        if self.__is_fp_closed():
+            self._close()
+
+        return data
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9d72ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/heuristics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import calendar
+import time
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from email.utils import formatdate, parsedate, parsedate_tz
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Mapping
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+TIME_FMT = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+
+
+def expire_after(delta: timedelta, date: datetime | None = None) -> datetime:
+    date = date or datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    return date + delta
+
+
+def datetime_to_header(dt: datetime) -> str:
+    return formatdate(calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple()))
+
+
+class BaseHeuristic:
+    def warning(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        """
+        Return a valid 1xx warning header value describing the cache
+        adjustments.
+
+        The response is provided too allow warnings like 113
+        http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-5.5.4 where we need
+        to explicitly say response is over 24 hours old.
+        """
+        return '110 - "Response is Stale"'
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Update the response headers with any new headers.
+
+        NOTE: This SHOULD always include some Warning header to
+              signify that the response was cached by the client, not
+              by way of the provided headers.
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    def apply(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> HTTPResponse:
+        updated_headers = self.update_headers(response)
+
+        if updated_headers:
+            response.headers.update(updated_headers)
+            warning_header_value = self.warning(response)
+            if warning_header_value is not None:
+                response.headers.update({"Warning": warning_header_value})
+
+        return response
+
+
+class OneDayCache(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    Cache the response by providing an expires 1 day in the
+    future.
+    """
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        headers = {}
+
+        if "expires" not in response.headers:
+            date = parsedate(response.headers["date"])
+            expires = expire_after(timedelta(days=1), date=datetime(*date[:6], tzinfo=timezone.utc))  # type: ignore[misc]
+            headers["expires"] = datetime_to_header(expires)
+            headers["cache-control"] = "public"
+        return headers
+
+
+class ExpiresAfter(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    Cache **all** requests for a defined time period.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw: Any) -> None:
+        self.delta = timedelta(**kw)
+
+    def update_headers(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        expires = expire_after(self.delta)
+        return {"expires": datetime_to_header(expires), "cache-control": "public"}
+
+    def warning(self, response: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        tmpl = "110 - Automatically cached for %s. Response might be stale"
+        return tmpl % self.delta
+
+
+class LastModified(BaseHeuristic):
+    """
+    If there is no Expires header already, fall back on Last-Modified
+    using the heuristic from
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-4.2.2
+    to calculate a reasonable value.
+
+    Firefox also does something like this per
+    https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Caching_FAQ
+    http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-release/source/netwerk/protocol/http/nsHttpResponseHead.cpp#397
+    Unlike mozilla we limit this to 24-hr.
+    """
+
+    cacheable_by_default_statuses = {
+        200,
+        203,
+        204,
+        206,
+        300,
+        301,
+        404,
+        405,
+        410,
+        414,
+        501,
+    }
+
+    def update_headers(self, resp: HTTPResponse) -> dict[str, str]:
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] = resp.headers
+
+        if "expires" in headers:
+            return {}
+
+        if "cache-control" in headers and headers["cache-control"] != "public":
+            return {}
+
+        if resp.status not in self.cacheable_by_default_statuses:
+            return {}
+
+        if "date" not in headers or "last-modified" not in headers:
+            return {}
+
+        time_tuple = parsedate_tz(headers["date"])
+        assert time_tuple is not None
+        date = calendar.timegm(time_tuple[:6])
+        last_modified = parsedate(headers["last-modified"])
+        if last_modified is None:
+            return {}
+
+        now = time.time()
+        current_age = max(0, now - date)
+        delta = date - calendar.timegm(last_modified)
+        freshness_lifetime = max(0, min(delta / 10, 24 * 3600))
+        if freshness_lifetime <= current_age:
+            return {}
+
+        expires = date + freshness_lifetime
+        return {"expires": time.strftime(TIME_FMT, time.gmtime(expires))}
+
+    def warning(self, resp: HTTPResponse) -> str | None:
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9e967c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Mapping, cast
+
+from pip._vendor import msgpack
+from pip._vendor.requests.structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from pip._vendor.urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.requests import PreparedRequest
+
+
+class Serializer:
+    serde_version = "4"
+
+    def dumps(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        response: HTTPResponse,
+        body: bytes | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        response_headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            response.headers
+        )
+
+        if body is None:
+            # When a body isn't passed in, we'll read the response. We
+            # also update the response with a new file handler to be
+            # sure it acts as though it was never read.
+            body = response.read(decode_content=False)
+            response._fp = io.BytesIO(body)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            response.length_remaining = len(body)
+
+        data = {
+            "response": {
+                "body": body,  # Empty bytestring if body is stored separately
+                "headers": {str(k): str(v) for k, v in response.headers.items()},  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                "status": response.status,
+                "version": response.version,
+                "reason": str(response.reason),
+                "decode_content": response.decode_content,
+            }
+        }
+
+        # Construct our vary headers
+        data["vary"] = {}
+        if "vary" in response_headers:
+            varied_headers = response_headers["vary"].split(",")
+            for header in varied_headers:
+                header = str(header).strip()
+                header_value = request.headers.get(header, None)
+                if header_value is not None:
+                    header_value = str(header_value)
+                data["vary"][header] = header_value
+
+        return b",".join([f"cc={self.serde_version}".encode(), self.serialize(data)])
+
+    def serialize(self, data: dict[str, Any]) -> bytes:
+        return cast(bytes, msgpack.dumps(data, use_bin_type=True))
+
+    def loads(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # Short circuit if we've been given an empty set of data
+        if not data:
+            return None
+
+        # Determine what version of the serializer the data was serialized
+        # with
+        try:
+            ver, data = data.split(b",", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            ver = b"cc=0"
+
+        # Make sure that our "ver" is actually a version and isn't a false
+        # positive from a , being in the data stream.
+        if ver[:3] != b"cc=":
+            data = ver + data
+            ver = b"cc=0"
+
+        # Get the version number out of the cc=N
+        verstr = ver.split(b"=", 1)[-1].decode("ascii")
+
+        # Dispatch to the actual load method for the given version
+        try:
+            return getattr(self, f"_loads_v{verstr}")(request, data, body_file)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+        except AttributeError:
+            # This is a version we don't have a loads function for, so we'll
+            # just treat it as a miss and return None
+            return None
+
+    def prepare_response(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        cached: Mapping[str, Any],
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """Verify our vary headers match and construct a real urllib3
+        HTTPResponse object.
+        """
+        # Special case the '*' Vary value as it means we cannot actually
+        # determine if the cached response is suitable for this request.
+        # This case is also handled in the controller code when creating
+        # a cache entry, but is left here for backwards compatibility.
+        if "*" in cached.get("vary", {}):
+            return None
+
+        # Ensure that the Vary headers for the cached response match our
+        # request
+        for header, value in cached.get("vary", {}).items():
+            if request.headers.get(header, None) != value:
+                return None
+
+        body_raw = cached["response"].pop("body")
+
+        headers: CaseInsensitiveDict[str] = CaseInsensitiveDict(
+            data=cached["response"]["headers"]
+        )
+        if headers.get("transfer-encoding", "") == "chunked":
+            headers.pop("transfer-encoding")
+
+        cached["response"]["headers"] = headers
+
+        try:
+            body: IO[bytes]
+            if body_file is None:
+                body = io.BytesIO(body_raw)
+            else:
+                body = body_file
+        except TypeError:
+            # This can happen if cachecontrol serialized to v1 format (pickle)
+            # using Python 2. A Python 2 str(byte string) will be unpickled as
+            # a Python 3 str (unicode string), which will cause the above to
+            # fail with:
+            #
+            #     TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface
+            body = io.BytesIO(body_raw.encode("utf8"))
+
+        # Discard any `strict` parameter serialized by older version of cachecontrol.
+        cached["response"].pop("strict", None)
+
+        return HTTPResponse(body=body, preload_content=False, **cached["response"])
+
+    def _loads_v0(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # The original legacy cache data. This doesn't contain enough
+        # information to construct everything we need, so we'll treat this as
+        # a miss.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v1(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # The "v1" pickled cache format. This is no longer supported
+        # for security reasons, so we treat it as a miss.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v2(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        # The "v2" compressed base64 cache format.
+        # This has been removed due to age and poor size/performance
+        # characteristics, so we treat it as a miss.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v3(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Due to Python 2 encoding issues, it's impossible to know for sure
+        # exactly how to load v3 entries, thus we'll treat these as a miss so
+        # that they get rewritten out as v4 entries.
+        return None
+
+    def _loads_v4(
+        self,
+        request: PreparedRequest,
+        data: bytes,
+        body_file: IO[bytes] | None = None,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        try:
+            cached = msgpack.loads(data, raw=False)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+        return self.prepare_response(request, cached, body_file)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f618bc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/wrapper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 Eric Larson
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Collection
+
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.adapter import CacheControlAdapter
+from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import DictCache
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor import requests
+
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.cache import BaseCache
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.controller import CacheController
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.heuristics import BaseHeuristic
+    from pip._vendor.cachecontrol.serialize import Serializer
+
+
+def CacheControl(
+    sess: requests.Session,
+    cache: BaseCache | None = None,
+    cache_etags: bool = True,
+    serializer: Serializer | None = None,
+    heuristic: BaseHeuristic | None = None,
+    controller_class: type[CacheController] | None = None,
+    adapter_class: type[CacheControlAdapter] | None = None,
+    cacheable_methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+) -> requests.Session:
+    cache = DictCache() if cache is None else cache
+    adapter_class = adapter_class or CacheControlAdapter
+    adapter = adapter_class(
+        cache,
+        cache_etags=cache_etags,
+        serializer=serializer,
+        heuristic=heuristic,
+        controller_class=controller_class,
+        cacheable_methods=cacheable_methods,
+    )
+    sess.mount("http://", adapter)
+    sess.mount("https://", adapter)
+
+    return sess
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce89ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .core import contents, where
+
+__all__ = ["contents", "where"]
+__version__ = "2023.07.22"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0037634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import argparse
+
+from pip._vendor.certifi import contents, where
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+parser.add_argument("-c", "--contents", action="store_true")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+if args.contents:
+    print(contents())
+else:
+    print(where())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc68411
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec13532
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..345623d
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/__pycache__/core.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0212369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,4635 @@
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root CA O=GlobalSign nv-sa OU=Root CA
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA"
+# Serial: 4835703278459707669005204
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3e:45:52:15:09:51:92:e1:b7:5d:37:9f:b1:87:29:8a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b1:bc:96:8b:d4:f4:9d:62:2a:a8:9a:81:f2:15:01:52:a4:1d:82:9c
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: eb:d4:10:40:e4:bb:3e:c7:42:c9:e3:81:d3:1e:f2:a4:1a:48:b6:68:5c:96:e7:ce:f3:c1:df:6c:d4:33:1c:99
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Subject: CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048) O=Entrust.net OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited
+# Label: "Entrust.net Premium 2048 Secure Server CA"
+# Serial: 946069240
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ee:29:31:bc:32:7e:9a:e6:e8:b5:f7:51:b4:34:71:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 50:30:06:09:1d:97:d4:f5:ae:39:f7:cb:e7:92:7d:7d:65:2d:34:31
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6d:c4:71:72:e0:1c:bc:b0:bf:62:58:0d:89:5f:e2:b8:ac:9a:d4:f8:73:80:1e:0c:10:b9:c8:37:d2:1e:b1:77
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Subject: CN=Baltimore CyberTrust Root O=Baltimore OU=CyberTrust
+# Label: "Baltimore CyberTrust Root"
+# Serial: 33554617
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ac:b6:94:a5:9c:17:e0:d7:91:52:9b:b1:97:06:a6:e4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d4:de:20:d0:5e:66:fc:53:fe:1a:50:88:2c:78:db:28:52:ca:e4:74
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority O=Entrust, Inc. OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference/(c) 2006 Entrust, Inc.
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1164660820
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d6:a5:c3:ed:5d:dd:3e:00:c1:3d:87:92:1f:1d:3f:e4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b3:1e:b1:b7:40:e3:6c:84:02:da:dc:37:d4:4d:f5:d4:67:49:52:f9
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=AAA Certificate Services O=Comodo CA Limited
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+# Serial: 1
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 1289
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 1478
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust.net OU=Security Communication RootCA1
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust.net OU=Security Communication RootCA1
+# Label: "Security Communication Root CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Subject: CN=XRamp Global Certification Authority O=XRamp Security Services Inc OU=www.xrampsecurity.com
+# Label: "XRamp Global CA Root"
+# Serial: 107108908803651509692980124233745014957
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=The Go Daddy Group, Inc. OU=Go Daddy Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Go Daddy Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Starfield Technologies, Inc. OU=Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
+# Label: "Starfield Class 2 CA"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root CA"
+# Serial: 17154717934120587862167794914071425081
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 87:ce:0b:7b:2a:0e:49:00:e1:58:71:9b:37:a8:93:72
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 10944719598952040374951832963794454346
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 79:e4:a9:84:0d:7d:3a:96:d7:c0:4f:e2:43:4c:89:2e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: a8:98:5d:3a:65:e5:e5:c4:b2:d7:d6:6d:40:c6:dd:2f:b1:9c:54:36
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA"
+# Serial: 3553400076410547919724730734378100087
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d4:74:de:57:5c:39:b2:d3:9c:85:83:c5:c0:65:49:8a
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5f:b7:ee:06:33:e2:59:db:ad:0c:4c:9a:e6:d3:8f:1a:61:c7:dc:25
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Gold CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Gold CA - G2"
+# Serial: 13492815561806991280
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 24:77:d9:a8:91:d1:3b:fa:88:2d:c2:ff:f8:cd:33:93
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Subject: CN=SwissSign Silver CA - G2 O=SwissSign AG
+# Label: "SwissSign Silver CA - G2"
+# Serial: 5700383053117599563
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SecureTrust CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "SecureTrust CA"
+# Serial: 17199774589125277788362757014266862032
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Secure Global CA O=SecureTrust Corporation
+# Label: "Secure Global CA"
+# Serial: 9751836167731051554232119481456978597
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 104350513648249232941998508985834464573
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 41578283867086692638256921589707938090
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Subject: CN=Certigna O=Dhimyotis
+# Label: "Certigna"
+# Serial: 18364802974209362175
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ab:57:a6:5b:7d:42:82:19:b5:d8:58:26:28:5e:fd:ff
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Subject: O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority
+# Label: "ePKI Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 28956088682735189655030529057352760477
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:2e:00:ca:26:06:90:3d:ad:fe:6f:15:68:d3:6b:b3
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 67:65:0d:f1:7e:8e:7e:5b:82:40:a4:f4:56:4b:cf:e2:3d:69:c6:f0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Subject: O=certSIGN OU=certSIGN ROOT CA
+# Label: "certSIGN ROOT CA"
+# Serial: 35210227249154
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 18:98:c0:d6:e9:3a:fc:f9:b0:f5:0c:f7:4b:01:44:17
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: fa:b7:ee:36:97:26:62:fb:2d:b0:2a:f6:bf:03:fd:e8:7c:4b:2f:9b
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: ea:a9:62:c4:fa:4a:6b:af:eb:e4:15:19:6d:35:1c:cd:88:8d:4f:53:f3:fa:8a:e6:d7:c4:66:a9:4e:60:42:bb
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Subject: CN=NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny O=NetLock Kft. OU=Tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1nykiad\xf3k (Certification Services)
+# Label: "NetLock Arany (Class Gold) F\u0151tan\xfas\xedtv\xe1ny"
+# Serial: 80544274841616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c5:a1:b7:ff:73:dd:d6:d7:34:32:18:df:fc:3c:ad:88
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 06:08:3f:59:3f:15:a1:04:a0:69:a4:6b:a9:03:d0:06:b7:97:09:91
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 6c:61:da:c3:a2:de:f0:31:50:6b:e0:36:d2:a6:fe:40:19:94:fb:d1:3d:f9:c8:d4:66:59:92:74:c4:46:ec:98
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=SecureSign RootCA11 O=Japan Certification Services, Inc.
+# Label: "SecureSign RootCA11"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b7:52:74:e2:92:b4:80:93:f2:75:e4:cc:d7:f2:ea:26
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 3b:c4:9f:48:f8:f3:73:a0:9c:1e:bd:f8:5b:b1:c3:65:c7:d8:11:b3
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: bf:0f:ee:fb:9e:3a:58:1a:d5:f9:e9:db:75:89:98:57:43:d2:61:08:5c:4d:31:4f:6f:5d:72:59:aa:42:16:12
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009"
+# Serial: 14014712776195784473
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f8:49:f4:03:bc:44:2d:83:be:48:69:7d:29:64:fc:b1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 89:df:74:fe:5c:f4:0f:4a:80:f9:e3:37:7d:54:da:91:e1:01:31:8e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 3c:5f:81:fe:a5:fa:b8:2c:64:bf:a2:ea:ec:af:cd:e8:e0:77:fc:86:20:a7:ca:e5:37:16:3d:f3:6e:db:f3:78
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3
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+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 6047274297262753887
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
+# Subject: CN=Izenpe.com O=IZENPE S.A.
+# Label: "Izenpe.com"
+# Serial: 917563065490389241595536686991402621
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=GoDaddy.com, Inc.
+# Label: "Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 O=Starfield Technologies, Inc.
+# Label: "Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 0
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 17:35:74:af:7b:61:1c:eb:f4:f9:3c:e2:ee:40:f9:a2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Commercial"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Networking"
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium"
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+# Issuer: CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC O=AffirmTrust
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+# Label: "AffirmTrust Premium ECC"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
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+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Root Certification Authority O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Subject: O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD. OU=Security Communication RootCA2
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967
+# Label: "Actalis Authentication Root CA"
+# Serial: 6271844772424770508
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 2 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Subject: CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA O=Buypass AS-983163327
+# Label: "Buypass Class 3 Root CA"
+# Serial: 2
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 3d:3b:18:9e:2c:64:5a:e8:d5:88:ce:0e:f9:37:c2:ec
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: da:fa:f7:fa:66:84:ec:06:8f:14:50:bd:c7:c2:81:a5:bc:a9:64:57
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ca:fb:40:a8:4e:39:92:8a:1d:fe:8e:2f:c4:27:ea:ef
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 55:a6:72:3e:cb:f2:ec:cd:c3:23:74:70:19:9d:2a:be:11:e3:81:d1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009"
+# Serial: 623603
+# MD5 Fingerprint: cd:e0:25:69:8d:47:ac:9c:89:35:90:f7:fd:51:3d:2f
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009"
+# Serial: 623604
+# MD5 Fingerprint: aa:c6:43:2c:5e:2d:cd:c4:34:c0:50:4f:11:02:4f:b6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 96:c9:1b:0b:95:b4:10:98:42:fa:d0:d8:22:79:fe:60:fa:b9:16:83
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Subject: CN=CA Disig Root R2 O=Disig a.s.
+# Label: "CA Disig Root R2"
+# Serial: 10572350602393338211
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:01:fb:d8:27:a7:17:9a:45:54:38:1a:43:01:3b:03
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b5:61:eb:ea:a4:de:e4:25:4b:69:1a:98:a5:57:47:c2:34:c7:d9:71
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Subject: CN=ACCVRAIZ1 O=ACCV OU=PKIACCV
+# Label: "ACCVRAIZ1"
+# Serial: 6828503384748696800
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d0:a0:5a:ee:05:b6:09:94:21:a1:7d:f1:b2:29:82:02
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 93:05:7a:88:15:c6:4f:ce:88:2f:fa:91:16:52:28:78:bc:53:64:17
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Subject: CN=TWCA Global Root CA O=TAIWAN-CA OU=Root CA
+# Label: "TWCA Global Root CA"
+# Serial: 3262
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f9:03:7e:cf:e6:9e:3c:73:7a:2a:90:07:69:ff:2b:96
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9c:bb:48:53:f6:a4:f6:d3:52:a4:e8:32:52:55:60:13:f5:ad:af:65
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Subject: CN=TeliaSonera Root CA v1 O=TeliaSonera
+# Label: "TeliaSonera Root CA v1"
+# Serial: 199041966741090107964904287217786801558
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Subject: CN=T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 O=T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH OU=T-Systems Trust Center
+# Label: "T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2"
+# Serial: 1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot 2011"
+# Serial: 6643877497813316402
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ae:b9:c4:32:4b:ac:7f:5d:66:cc:77:94:bb:2a:77:56
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3"
+# Serial: 687049649626669250736271037606554624078720034195
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Subject: CN=QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 O=QuoVadis Limited
+# Label: "QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3"
+# Serial: 268090761170461462463995952157327242137089239581
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G2"
+# Serial: 15385348160840213938643033620894905419
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 92:38:b9:f8:63:24:82:65:2c:57:33:e6:fe:81:8f:9d
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Assured ID Root G3"
+# Serial: 15459312981008553731928384953135426796
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 7c:7f:65:31:0c:81:df:8d:ba:3e:99:e2:5c:ad:6e:fb
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f5:17:a2:4f:9a:48:c6:c9:f8:a2:00:26:9f:dc:0f:48:2c:ab:30:89
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G2 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G2"
+# Serial: 4293743540046975378534879503202253541
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e4:a6:8a:c8:54:ac:52:42:46:0a:fd:72:48:1b:2a:44
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Global Root G3 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Global Root G3"
+# Serial: 7089244469030293291760083333884364146
+# MD5 Fingerprint: f5:5d:a4:50:a5:fb:28:7e:1e:0f:0d:cc:96:57:56:ca
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4 O=DigiCert Inc OU=www.digicert.com
+# Label: "DigiCert Trusted Root G4"
+# Serial: 7451500558977370777930084869016614236
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 78:f2:fc:aa:60:1f:2f:b4:eb:c9:37:ba:53:2e:75:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: dd:fb:16:cd:49:31:c9:73:a2:03:7d:3f:c8:3a:4d:7d:77:5d:05:e4
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Subject: CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority O=COMODO CA Limited
+# Label: "COMODO RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 101909084537582093308941363524873193117
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:31:b0:71:40:36:cc:14:36:91:ad:c4:3e:fd:ec:18
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: af:e5:d2:44:a8:d1:19:42:30:ff:47:9f:e2:f8:97:bb:cd:7a:8c:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 52:f0:e1:c4:e5:8e:c6:29:29:1b:60:31:7f:07:46:71:b8:5d:7e:a8:0d:5b:07:27:34:63:53:4b:32:b4:02:34
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust RSA Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2645093764781058787591871645665788717
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 1b:fe:69:d1:91:b7:19:33:a3:72:a8:0f:e1:55:e5:b5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 2b:8f:1b:57:33:0d:bb:a2:d0:7a:6c:51:f7:0e:e9:0d:da:b9:ad:8e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e7:93:c9:b0:2f:d8:aa:13:e2:1c:31:22:8a:cc:b0:81:19:64:3b:74:9c:89:89:64:b1:74:6d:46:c3:d4:cb:d2
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Subject: CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority O=The USERTRUST Network
+# Label: "USERTrust ECC Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 123013823720199481456569720443997572134
+# MD5 Fingerprint: fa:68:bc:d9:b5:7f:ad:fd:c9:1d:06:83:28:cc:24:c1
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d1:cb:ca:5d:b2:d5:2a:7f:69:3b:67:4d:e5:f0:5a:1d:0c:95:7d:f0
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 4f:f4:60:d5:4b:9c:86:da:bf:bc:fc:57:12:e0:40:0d:2b:ed:3f:bc:4d:4f:bd:aa:86:e0:6a:dc:d2:a9:ad:7a
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5"
+# Serial: 32785792099990507226680698011560947931244
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9f:ad:3b:1c:02:1e:8a:ba:17:74:38:81:0c:a2:bc:08
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 1f:24:c6:30:cd:a4:18:ef:20:69:ff:ad:4f:dd:5f:46:3a:1b:69:aa
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 17:9f:bc:14:8a:3d:d0:0f:d2:4e:a1:34:58:cc:43:bf:a7:f5:9c:81:82:d7:83:a5:13:f6:eb:ec:10:0c:89:24
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390520003877796839426
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b3:3e:77:73:75:ee:a0:d3:e3:7e:49:63:49:59:bb:c7
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: df:71:7e:aa:4a:d9:4e:c9:55:84:99:60:2d:48:de:5f:bc:f0:3a:25
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Subject: CN=IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1 O=IdenTrust
+# Label: "IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 13298821034946342390521976156843933698
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 37:06:a5:b0:fc:89:9d:ba:f4:6b:8c:1a:64:cd:d5:ba
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ba:29:41:60:77:98:3f:f4:f3:ef:f2:31:05:3b:2e:ea:6d:4d:45:fd
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2"
+# Serial: 1246989352
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2012 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1"
+# Serial: 51543124481930649114116133369
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=CFCA EV ROOT O=China Financial Certification Authority
+# Label: "CFCA EV ROOT"
+# Serial: 407555286
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA"
+# Serial: 157768595616588414422159278966750757568
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Subject: CN=SZAFIR ROOT CA2 O=Krajowa Izba Rozliczeniowa S.A.
+# Label: "SZAFIR ROOT CA2"
+# Serial: 357043034767186914217277344587386743377558296292
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 11:64:c1:89:b0:24:b1:8c:b1:07:7e:89:9e:51:9e:99
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2 O=Unizeto Technologies S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Network CA 2"
+# Serial: 44979900017204383099463764357512596969
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 6d:46:9e:d9:25:6d:08:23:5b:5e:74:7d:1e:27:db:f2
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: d3:dd:48:3e:2b:bf:4c:05:e8:af:10:f5:fa:76:26:cf:d3:dc:30:92
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 1 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 1"
+# Serial: 143266978916655856878034712317230054538369994
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 43:c6:bf:ae:ec:fe:ad:2f:18:c6:88:68:30:fc:c8:e6
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8d:a7:f9:65:ec:5e:fc:37:91:0f:1c:6e:59:fd:c1:cc:6a:6e:de:16
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8e:cd:e6:88:4f:3d:87:b1:12:5b:a3:1a:c3:fc:b1:3d:70:16:de:7f:57:cc:90:4f:e1:cb:97:c6:ae:98:19:6e
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 2 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 2"
+# Serial: 143266982885963551818349160658925006970653239
+# MD5 Fingerprint: c8:e5:8d:ce:a8:42:e2:7a:c0:2a:5c:7c:9e:26:bf:66
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 5a:8c:ef:45:d7:a6:98:59:76:7a:8c:8b:44:96:b5:78:cf:47:4b:1a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 1b:a5:b2:aa:8c:65:40:1a:82:96:01:18:f8:0b:ec:4f:62:30:4d:83:ce:c4:71:3a:19:c3:9c:01:1e:a4:6d:b4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 3 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 3"
+# Serial: 143266986699090766294700635381230934788665930
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a0:d4:ef:0b:f7:b5:d8:49:95:2a:ec:f5:c4:fc:81:87
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0d:44:dd:8c:3c:8c:1a:1a:58:75:64:81:e9:0f:2e:2a:ff:b3:d2:6e
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 18:ce:6c:fe:7b:f1:4e:60:b2:e3:47:b8:df:e8:68:cb:31:d0:2e:bb:3a:da:27:15:69:f5:03:43:b4:6d:b3:a4
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Subject: CN=Amazon Root CA 4 O=Amazon
+# Label: "Amazon Root CA 4"
+# Serial: 143266989758080763974105200630763877849284878
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 89:bc:27:d5:eb:17:8d:06:6a:69:d5:fd:89:47:b4:cd
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: f6:10:84:07:d6:f8:bb:67:98:0c:c2:e2:44:c2:eb:ae:1c:ef:63:be
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: e3:5d:28:41:9e:d0:20:25:cf:a6:90:38:cd:62:39:62:45:8d:a5:c6:95:fb:de:a3:c2:2b:0b:fb:25:89:70:92
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Subject: CN=TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1 O=Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu - TUBITAK OU=Kamu Sertifikasyon Merkezi - Kamu SM
+# Label: "TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1"
+# Serial: 1
+# MD5 Fingerprint: dc:00:81:dc:69:2f:3e:2f:b0:3b:f6:3d:5a:91:8e:49
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 31:43:64:9b:ec:ce:27:ec:ed:3a:3f:0b:8f:0d:e4:e8:91:dd:ee:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 46:ed:c3:68:90:46:d5:3a:45:3f:b3:10:4a:b8:0d:ca:ec:65:8b:26:60:ea:16:29:dd:7e:86:79:90:64:87:16
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT"
+# Serial: 9009899650740120186
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 63:cc:d9:3d:34:35:5c:6f:53:a3:e2:08:70:48:1f:b4
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 0f:36:38:5b:81:1a:25:c3:9b:31:4e:83:ca:e9:34:66:70:cc:74:b4
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: bf:ff:8f:d0:44:33:48:7d:6a:8a:a6:0c:1a:29:76:7a:9f:c2:bb:b0:5e:42:0f:71:3a:13:b9:92:89:1d:38:93
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA"
+# Serial: 8875640296558310041
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 86:69:12:c0:70:f1:ec:ac:ac:c2:d5:bc:a5:5b:a1:29
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: b7:ab:33:08:d1:ea:44:77:ba:14:80:12:5a:6f:bd:a9:36:49:0c:bb
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:66:6a:56:2e:e0:be:5c:e9:25:c1:d8:89:0a:6f:76:a8:7e:c1:6d:4d:7d:5f:29:ea:74:19:cf:20:12:3b:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 8495723813297216424
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 2e:da:e4:39:7f:9c:8f:37:d1:70:9f:26:17:51:3a:8e
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: c3:19:7c:39:24:e6:54:af:1b:c4:ab:20:95:7a:e2:c3:0e:13:02:6a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 34:17:bb:06:cc:60:07:da:1b:96:1c:92:0b:8a:b4:ce:3f:ad:82:0e:4a:a3:0b:9a:cb:c4:a7:4e:bd:ce:bc:65
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2"
+# Serial: 6248227494352943350
+# MD5 Fingerprint: e1:1e:31:58:1a:ae:54:53:02:f6:17:6a:11:7b:4d:95
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 74:3a:f0:52:9b:d0:32:a0:f4:4a:83:cd:d4:ba:a9:7b:7c:2e:c4:9a
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2e:7b:f1:6c:c2:24:85:a7:bb:e2:aa:86:96:75:07:61:b0:ae:39:be:3b:2f:e9:d0:cc:6d:4e:f7:34:91:42:5c
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC"
+# Serial: 3182246526754555285
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 59:53:22:65:83:42:01:54:c0:ce:42:b9:5a:7c:f2:90
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 4c:dd:51:a3:d1:f5:20:32:14:b0:c6:c5:32:23:03:91:c7:46:42:6d
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 22:a2:c1:f7:bd:ed:70:4c:c1:e7:01:b5:f4:08:c3:10:88:0f:e9:56:b5:de:2a:4a:44:f9:9c:87:3a:25:a7:c8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign O=GlobalSign OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root CA - R6"
+# Serial: 1417766617973444989252670301619537
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 4f:dd:07:e4:d4:22:64:39:1e:0c:37:42:ea:d1:c6:ae
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 80:94:64:0e:b5:a7:a1:ca:11:9c:1f:dd:d5:9f:81:02:63:a7:fb:d1
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 2c:ab:ea:fe:37:d0:6c:a2:2a:ba:73:91:c0:03:3d:25:98:29:52:c4:53:64:73:49:76:3a:3a:b5:ad:6c:cf:69
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Subject: CN=OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA O=WISeKey OU=OISTE Foundation Endorsed
+# Label: "OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA"
+# Serial: 44084345621038548146064804565436152554
+# MD5 Fingerprint: a9:d6:b9:2d:2f:93:64:f8:a5:69:ca:91:e9:68:07:23
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: e0:11:84:5e:34:de:be:88:81:b9:9c:f6:16:26:d1:96:1f:c3:b9:31
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 85:60:f9:1c:36:24:da:ba:95:70:b5:fe:a0:db:e3:6f:f1:1a:83:23:be:94:86:85:4f:b3:f3:4a:55:71:19:8d
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Global G2 Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Global G2 Root"
+# Serial: 124779693093741543919145257850076631279
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 80:fe:f0:c4:4a:f0:5c:62:32:9f:1c:ba:78:a9:50:f8
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Subject: CN=UCA Extended Validation Root O=UniTrust
+# Label: "UCA Extended Validation Root"
+# Serial: 106100277556486529736699587978573607008
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Subject: CN=Certigna Root CA O=Dhimyotis OU=0002 48146308100036
+# Label: "Certigna Root CA"
+# Serial: 269714418870597844693661054334862075617
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - G1 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - G1"
+# Serial: 235931866688319308814040
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 9c:42:84:57:dd:cb:0b:a7:2e:95:ad:b6:f3:da:bc:ac
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 8a:c7:ad:8f:73:ac:4e:c1:b5:75:4d:a5:40:f4:fc:cf:7c:b5:8e:8c
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3 O=eMudhra Technologies Limited OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - G3"
+# Serial: 287880440101571086945156
+# MD5 Fingerprint: ce:0b:72:d1:9f:88:8e:d0:50:03:e8:e3:b8:8b:67:40
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 30:43:fa:4f:f2:57:dc:a0:c3:80:ee:2e:58:ea:78:b2:3f:e6:bb:c1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Subject: CN=emSign Root CA - C1 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign Root CA - C1"
+# Serial: 825510296613316004955058
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:e3:5d:01:21:fa:78:5a:b0:df:ba:d2:ee:2a:5f:68
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=emSign ECC Root CA - C3 O=eMudhra Inc OU=emSign PKI
+# Label: "emSign ECC Root CA - C3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Subject: CN=Hongkong Post Root CA 3 O=Hongkong Post
+# Label: "Hongkong Post Root CA 3"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Subject: CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4 O=Entrust, Inc. OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms/(c) 2015 Entrust, Inc. - for authorized use only
+# Label: "Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4"
+# Serial: 289383649854506086828220374796556676440
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Subject: CN=Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017 O=Microsoft Corporation
+# Label: "Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017"
+# Serial: 40975477897264996090493496164228220339
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=e-Szigno Root CA 2017 O=Microsec Ltd.
+# Label: "e-Szigno Root CA 2017"
+# Serial: 411379200276854331539784714
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Subject: O=CERTSIGN SA OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2
+# Label: "certSIGN Root CA G2"
+# Serial: 313609486401300475190
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+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 1846098327275375458322922162
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P256 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 4151900041497450638097112925
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 5b:44:e3:8d:5d:36:86:26:e8:0d:05:d2:59:a7:83:54
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority O=Trustwave Holdings, Inc.
+# Label: "Trustwave Global ECC P384 Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 2704997926503831671788816187
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Subject: CN=NAVER Global Root Certification Authority O=NAVER BUSINESS PLATFORM Corp.
+# Label: "NAVER Global Root Certification Authority"
+# Serial: 9013692873798656336226253319739695165984492813
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Subject: CN=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS O=FNMT-RCM OU=Ceres
+# Label: "AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root R46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root R46"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Subject: CN=GlobalSign Root E46 O=GlobalSign nv-sa
+# Label: "GlobalSign Root E46"
+# Serial: 1552617690338932563915843282459653771421763
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GLOBALTRUST 2020 O=e-commerce monitoring GmbH
+# Subject: CN=GLOBALTRUST 2020 O=e-commerce monitoring GmbH
+# Label: "GLOBALTRUST 2020"
+# Serial: 109160994242082918454945253
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Subject: CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion OU=ANF CA Raiz
+# Label: "ANF Secure Server Root CA"
+# Serial: 996390341000653745
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 26:a6:44:5a:d9:af:4e:2f:b2:1d:b6:65:b0:4e:e8:96
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum EC-384 CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum EC-384 CA"
+# Serial: 160250656287871593594747141429395092468
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b6:65:b3:96:60:97:12:a1:ec:4e:e1:3d:a3:c6:c9:f1
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Subject: CN=Certum Trusted Root CA O=Asseco Data Systems S.A. OU=Certum Certification Authority
+# Label: "Certum Trusted Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Subject: CN=TunTrust Root CA O=Agence Nationale de Certification Electronique
+# Label: "TunTrust Root CA"
+# Serial: 108534058042236574382096126452369648152337120275
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021"
+# Serial: 76817823531813593706434026085292783742
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Subject: CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021 O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA
+# Label: "HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Subject: CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
+# Label: "Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068"
+# Serial: 1977337328857672817
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=vTrus ECC Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus ECC Root CA"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Subject: CN=vTrus Root CA O=iTrusChina Co.,Ltd.
+# Label: "vTrus Root CA"
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+# Issuer: CN=ISRG Root X2 O=Internet Security Research Group
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+# Label: "ISRG Root X2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1 O=Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd.
+# Label: "HiPKI Root CA - G1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Label: "GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R1 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R1"
+# Serial: 159662320309726417404178440727
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R2 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R2"
+# Serial: 159662449406622349769042896298
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R3 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R3"
+# Serial: 159662495401136852707857743206
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Subject: CN=GTS Root R4 O=Google Trust Services LLC
+# Label: "GTS Root R4"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Subject: CN=Telia Root CA v2 O=Telia Finland Oyj
+# Label: "Telia Root CA v2"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 165870826978392376648679885835942448534
+# MD5 Fingerprint: b5:aa:4b:d5:ed:f7:e3:55:2e:8f:72:0a:f3:75:b8:ed
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Subject: CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020 O=D-Trust GmbH
+# Label: "D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020"
+# Serial: 126288379621884218666039612629459926992
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 8c:2d:9d:70:9f:48:99:11:06:11:fb:e9:cb:30:c0:6e
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5"
+# Serial: 13129116028163249804115411775095713523
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d3:71:04:6a:43:1c:db:a6:59:e1:a8:a3:aa:c5:71:ed
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Subject: CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5 O=DigiCert, Inc.
+# Label: "DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5"
+# Serial: 11930366277458970227240571539258396554
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root R1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root R1"
+# Serial: 188833316161142517227353805653483829216
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+# Issuer: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Subject: CN=Certainly Root E1 O=Certainly
+# Label: "Certainly Root E1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication RootCA3 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication RootCA3 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication RootCA3"
+# Serial: 16247922307909811815
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Subject: CN=Security Communication ECC RootCA1 O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.,LTD.
+# Label: "Security Communication ECC RootCA1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA1 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA1"
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Subject: CN=BJCA Global Root CA2 O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
+# Label: "BJCA Global Root CA2"
+# Serial: 58605626836079930195615843123109055211
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46"
+# Serial: 88989738453351742415770396670917916916
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+# Issuer: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Subject: CN=Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 O=Sectigo Limited
+# Label: "Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46"
+# Serial: 156256931880233212765902055439220583700
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 32:10:09:52:00:d5:7e:6c:43:df:15:c0:b1:16:93:e5
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+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 148535279242832292258835760425842727825
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d8:4e:c6:59:30:d8:fe:a0:d6:7a:5a:2c:2c:69:78:da
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: ec:2c:83:40:72:af:26:95:10:ff:0e:f2:03:ee:31:70:f6:78:9d:ca
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 8f:af:7d:2e:2c:b4:70:9b:b8:e0:b3:36:66:bf:75:a5:dd:45:b5:de:48:0f:8e:a8:d4:bf:e6:be:bc:17:f2:ed
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Subject: CN=SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022 O=SSL Corporation
+# Label: "SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022"
+# Serial: 26605119622390491762507526719404364228
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 99:d7:5c:f1:51:36:cc:e9:ce:d9:19:2e:77:71:56:c5
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9f:5f:d9:1a:54:6d:f5:0c:71:f0:ee:7a:bd:17:49:98:84:73:e2:39
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: c3:2f:fd:9f:46:f9:36:d1:6c:36:73:99:09:59:43:4b:9a:d6:0a:af:bb:9e:7c:f3:36:54:f1:44:cc:1b:a1:43
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 81873346711060652204712539181482831616
+# MD5 Fingerprint: 16:9f:ad:f1:70:ad:79:d6:ed:29:b4:d1:c5:79:70:a8
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 9e:bc:75:10:42:b3:02:f3:81:f4:f7:30:62:d4:8f:c3:a7:51:b2:dd
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: b2:fa:e5:3e:14:cc:d7:ab:92:12:06:47:01:ae:27:9c:1d:89:88:fa:cb:77:5f:a8:a0:08:91:4e:66:39:88:a8
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+# Issuer: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Subject: CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021 O=Atos
+# Label: "Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021"
+# Serial: 111436099570196163832749341232207667876
+# MD5 Fingerprint: d4:d3:46:b8:9a:c0:9c:76:5d:9e:3a:c3:b9:99:31:d2
+# SHA1 Fingerprint: 18:52:3b:0d:06:37:e4:d6:3a:df:23:e4:98:fb:5b:16:fb:86:74:48
+# SHA256 Fingerprint: 81:a9:08:8e:a5:9f:b3:64:c5:48:a6:f8:55:59:09:9b:6f:04:05:ef:bf:18:e5:32:4e:c9:f4:57:ba:00:11:2f
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIFZDCCA0ygAwIBAgIQU9XP5hmTC/srBRLYwiqipDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADBM
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c67600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/certifi/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+"""
+certifi.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the installation location of cacert.pem or its contents.
+"""
+import sys
+
+DEBIAN_CA_CERTS_PATH = '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the file
+        # in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until someone
+        # actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract the file
+        # on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store it in a
+        # global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you to
+            # manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually return a
+            # path, it returns a context manager that will give you the path
+            # when you enter it and will do any cleanup when you leave it. In
+            # the common case of not needing a temporary file, it will just
+            # return the file system location and the __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = as_file(files("pip._vendor.certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem"))
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return files("pip._vendor.certifi").joinpath("cacert.pem").read_text(encoding="ascii")
+
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
+
+    from importlib.resources import path as get_path, read_text
+
+    _CACERT_CTX = None
+    _CACERT_PATH = None
+
+    def where() -> str:
+        # This is slightly terrible, but we want to delay extracting the
+        # file in cases where we're inside of a zipimport situation until
+        # someone actually calls where(), but we don't want to re-extract
+        # the file on every call of where(), so we'll do it once then store
+        # it in a global variable.
+        global _CACERT_CTX
+        global _CACERT_PATH
+        if _CACERT_PATH is None:
+            # This is slightly janky, the importlib.resources API wants you
+            # to manage the cleanup of this file, so it doesn't actually
+            # return a path, it returns a context manager that will give
+            # you the path when you enter it and will do any cleanup when
+            # you leave it. In the common case of not needing a temporary
+            # file, it will just return the file system location and the
+            # __exit__() is a no-op.
+            #
+            # We also have to hold onto the actual context manager, because
+            # it will do the cleanup whenever it gets garbage collected, so
+            # we will also store that at the global level as well.
+            _CACERT_CTX = get_path("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem")
+            _CACERT_PATH = str(_CACERT_CTX.__enter__())
+
+        return _CACERT_PATH
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
+
+else:
+    import os
+    import types
+    from typing import Union
+
+    Package = Union[types.ModuleType, str]
+    Resource = Union[str, "os.PathLike"]
+
+    # This fallback will work for Python versions prior to 3.7 that lack the
+    # importlib.resources module but relies on the existing `where` function
+    # so won't address issues with environments like PyOxidizer that don't set
+    # __file__ on modules.
+    def read_text(
+        package: Package,
+        resource: Resource,
+        encoding: str = 'utf-8',
+        errors: str = 'strict'
+    ) -> str:
+        with open(where(), encoding=encoding) as data:
+            return data.read()
+
+    # If we don't have importlib.resources, then we will just do the old logic
+    # of assuming we're on the filesystem and munge the path directly.
+    def where() -> str:
+        f = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+        return os.path.join(f, "cacert.pem")
+
+    def contents() -> str:
+        return read_text("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem", encoding="ascii")
+
+
+# Debian: Use system CA certs:
+def where() -> str:
+    return DEBIAN_CA_CERTS_PATH
+
+
+def contents() -> str:
+    with open(where(), "r", encoding="ascii") as data:
+        return data.read()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe58162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import InputState
+from .resultdict import ResultDict
+from .universaldetector import UniversalDetector
+from .version import VERSION, __version__
+
+__all__ = ["UniversalDetector", "detect", "detect_all", "__version__", "VERSION"]
+
+
+def detect(
+    byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray], should_rename_legacy: bool = False
+) -> ResultDict:
+    """
+    Detect the encoding of the given byte string.
+
+    :param byte_str:     The byte sequence to examine.
+    :type byte_str:      ``bytes`` or ``bytearray``
+    :param should_rename_legacy:  Should we rename legacy encodings
+                                  to their more modern equivalents?
+    :type should_rename_legacy:   ``bool``
+    """
+    if not isinstance(byte_str, bytearray):
+        if not isinstance(byte_str, bytes):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected object of type bytes or bytearray, got: {type(byte_str)}"
+            )
+        byte_str = bytearray(byte_str)
+    detector = UniversalDetector(should_rename_legacy=should_rename_legacy)
+    detector.feed(byte_str)
+    return detector.close()
+
+
+def detect_all(
+    byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray],
+    ignore_threshold: bool = False,
+    should_rename_legacy: bool = False,
+) -> List[ResultDict]:
+    """
+    Detect all the possible encodings of the given byte string.
+
+    :param byte_str:          The byte sequence to examine.
+    :type byte_str:           ``bytes`` or ``bytearray``
+    :param ignore_threshold:  Include encodings that are below
+                              ``UniversalDetector.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD``
+                              in results.
+    :type ignore_threshold:   ``bool``
+    :param should_rename_legacy:  Should we rename legacy encodings
+                                  to their more modern equivalents?
+    :type should_rename_legacy:   ``bool``
+    """
+    if not isinstance(byte_str, bytearray):
+        if not isinstance(byte_str, bytes):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected object of type bytes or bytearray, got: {type(byte_str)}"
+            )
+        byte_str = bytearray(byte_str)
+
+    detector = UniversalDetector(should_rename_legacy=should_rename_legacy)
+    detector.feed(byte_str)
+    detector.close()
+
+    if detector.input_state == InputState.HIGH_BYTE:
+        results: List[ResultDict] = []
+        probers: List[CharSetProber] = []
+        for prober in detector.charset_probers:
+            if isinstance(prober, CharSetGroupProber):
+                probers.extend(p for p in prober.probers)
+            else:
+                probers.append(prober)
+        for prober in probers:
+            if ignore_threshold or prober.get_confidence() > detector.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD:
+                charset_name = prober.charset_name or ""
+                lower_charset_name = charset_name.lower()
+                # Use Windows encoding name instead of ISO-8859 if we saw any
+                # extra Windows-specific bytes
+                if lower_charset_name.startswith("iso-8859") and detector.has_win_bytes:
+                    charset_name = detector.ISO_WIN_MAP.get(
+                        lower_charset_name, charset_name
+                    )
+                # Rename legacy encodings with superset encodings if asked
+                if should_rename_legacy:
+                    charset_name = detector.LEGACY_MAP.get(
+                        charset_name.lower(), charset_name
+                    )
+                results.append(
+                    {
+                        "encoding": charset_name,
+                        "confidence": prober.get_confidence(),
+                        "language": prober.language,
+                    }
+                )
+        if len(results) > 0:
+            return sorted(results, key=lambda result: -result["confidence"])
+
+    return [detector.result]
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5freq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# Big5 frequency table
+# by Taiwan's Mandarin Promotion Council
+# <http://www.edu.tw:81/mandr/>
+#
+# 128  --> 0.42261
+# 256  --> 0.57851
+# 512  --> 0.74851
+# 1024 --> 0.89384
+# 2048 --> 0.97583
+#
+# Ideal Distribution Ratio = 0.74851/(1-0.74851) =2.98
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512/(5401-512)=0.105
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio about 25% of Ideal one, still much higher than RDR
+
+BIG5_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 0.75
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table
+BIG5_TABLE_SIZE = 5376
+# fmt: off
+BIG5_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+   1,1801,1506, 255,1431, 198,   9,  82,   6,5008, 177, 202,3681,1256,2821, 110, #   16
+3814,  33,3274, 261,  76,  44,2114,  16,2946,2187,1176, 659,3971,  26,3451,2653, #   32
+1198,3972,3350,4202, 410,2215, 302, 590, 361,1964,   8, 204,  58,4510,5009,1932, #   48
+  63,5010,5011, 317,1614,  75, 222, 159,4203,2417,1480,5012,3555,3091, 224,2822, #   64
+3682,   3,  10,3973,1471,  29,2787,1135,2866,1940, 873, 130,3275,1123, 312,5013, #   80
+4511,2052, 507, 252, 682,5014, 142,1915, 124, 206,2947,  34,3556,3204,  64, 604, #   96
+5015,2501,1977,1978, 155,1991, 645, 641,1606,5016,3452, 337,  72, 406,5017,  80, #  112
+ 630, 238,3205,1509, 263, 939,1092,2654, 756,1440,1094,3453, 449,  69,2987, 591, #  128
+ 179,2096, 471, 115,2035,1844,  60,  50,2988, 134, 806,1869, 734,2036,3454, 180, #  144
+ 995,1607, 156, 537,2907, 688,5018, 319,1305, 779,2145, 514,2379, 298,4512, 359, #  160
+2502,  90,2716,1338, 663,  11, 906,1099,2553,  20,2441, 182, 532,1716,5019, 732, #  176
+1376,4204,1311,1420,3206,  25,2317,1056, 113, 399, 382,1950, 242,3455,2474, 529, #  192
+3276, 475,1447,3683,5020, 117,  21, 656, 810,1297,2300,2334,3557,5021, 126,4205, #  208
+ 706, 456, 150, 613,4513,  71,1118,2037,4206, 145,3092,  85, 835, 486,2115,1246, #  224
+1426, 428, 727,1285,1015, 800, 106, 623, 303,1281,5022,2128,2359, 347,3815, 221, #  240
+3558,3135,5023,1956,1153,4207,  83, 296,1199,3093, 192, 624,  93,5024, 822,1898, #  256
+2823,3136, 795,2065, 991,1554,1542,1592,  27,  43,2867, 859, 139,1456, 860,4514, #  272
+ 437, 712,3974, 164,2397,3137, 695, 211,3037,2097, 195,3975,1608,3559,3560,3684, #  288
+3976, 234, 811,2989,2098,3977,2233,1441,3561,1615,2380, 668,2077,1638, 305, 228, #  304
+1664,4515, 467, 415,5025, 262,2099,1593, 239, 108, 300, 200,1033, 512,1247,2078, #  320
+5026,5027,2176,3207,3685,2682, 593, 845,1062,3277,  88,1723,2038,3978,1951, 212, #  336
+ 266, 152, 149, 468,1899,4208,4516,  77, 187,5028,3038,  37,   5,2990,5029,3979, #  352
+5030,5031,  39,2524,4517,2908,3208,2079,  55, 148,  74,4518, 545, 483,1474,1029, #  368
+1665, 217,1870,1531,3138,1104,2655,4209,  24, 172,3562, 900,3980,3563,3564,4519, #  384
+  32,1408,2824,1312, 329, 487,2360,2251,2717, 784,2683,   4,3039,3351,1427,1789, #  400
+ 188, 109, 499,5032,3686,1717,1790, 888,1217,3040,4520,5033,3565,5034,3352,1520, #  416
+3687,3981, 196,1034, 775,5035,5036, 929,1816, 249, 439,  38,5037,1063,5038, 794, #  432
+3982,1435,2301,  46, 178,3278,2066,5039,2381,5040, 214,1709,4521, 804,  35, 707, #  448
+ 324,3688,1601,2554, 140, 459,4210,5041,5042,1365, 839, 272, 978,2262,2580,3456, #  464
+2129,1363,3689,1423, 697, 100,3094,  48,  70,1231, 495,3139,2196,5043,1294,5044, #  480
+2080, 462, 586,1042,3279, 853, 256, 988, 185,2382,3457,1698, 434,1084,5045,3458, #  496
+ 314,2625,2788,4522,2335,2336, 569,2285, 637,1817,2525, 757,1162,1879,1616,3459, #  512
+ 287,1577,2116, 768,4523,1671,2868,3566,2526,1321,3816, 909,2418,5046,4211, 933, #  528
+3817,4212,2053,2361,1222,4524, 765,2419,1322, 786,4525,5047,1920,1462,1677,2909, #  544
+1699,5048,4526,1424,2442,3140,3690,2600,3353,1775,1941,3460,3983,4213, 309,1369, #  560
+1130,2825, 364,2234,1653,1299,3984,3567,3985,3986,2656, 525,1085,3041, 902,2001, #  576
+1475, 964,4527, 421,1845,1415,1057,2286, 940,1364,3141, 376,4528,4529,1381,   7, #  592
+2527, 983,2383, 336,1710,2684,1846, 321,3461, 559,1131,3042,2752,1809,1132,1313, #  608
+ 265,1481,1858,5049, 352,1203,2826,3280, 167,1089, 420,2827, 776, 792,1724,3568, #  624
+4214,2443,3281,5050,4215,5051, 446, 229, 333,2753, 901,3818,1200,1557,4530,2657, #  640
+1921, 395,2754,2685,3819,4216,1836, 125, 916,3209,2626,4531,5052,5053,3820,5054, #  656
+5055,5056,4532,3142,3691,1133,2555,1757,3462,1510,2318,1409,3569,5057,2146, 438, #  672
+2601,2910,2384,3354,1068, 958,3043, 461, 311,2869,2686,4217,1916,3210,4218,1979, #  688
+ 383, 750,2755,2627,4219, 274, 539, 385,1278,1442,5058,1154,1965, 384, 561, 210, #  704
+  98,1295,2556,3570,5059,1711,2420,1482,3463,3987,2911,1257, 129,5060,3821, 642, #  720
+ 523,2789,2790,2658,5061, 141,2235,1333,  68, 176, 441, 876, 907,4220, 603,2602, #  736
+ 710, 171,3464, 404, 549,  18,3143,2398,1410,3692,1666,5062,3571,4533,2912,4534, #  752
+5063,2991, 368,5064, 146, 366,  99, 871,3693,1543, 748, 807,1586,1185,  22,2263, #  768
+ 379,3822,3211,5065,3212, 505,1942,2628,1992,1382,2319,5066, 380,2362, 218, 702, #  784
+1818,1248,3465,3044,3572,3355,3282,5067,2992,3694, 930,3283,3823,5068,  59,5069, #  800
+ 585, 601,4221, 497,3466,1112,1314,4535,1802,5070,1223,1472,2177,5071, 749,1837, #  816
+ 690,1900,3824,1773,3988,1476, 429,1043,1791,2236,2117, 917,4222, 447,1086,1629, #  832
+5072, 556,5073,5074,2021,1654, 844,1090, 105, 550, 966,1758,2828,1008,1783, 686, #  848
+1095,5075,2287, 793,1602,5076,3573,2603,4536,4223,2948,2302,4537,3825, 980,2503, #  864
+ 544, 353, 527,4538, 908,2687,2913,5077, 381,2629,1943,1348,5078,1341,1252, 560, #  880
+3095,5079,3467,2870,5080,2054, 973, 886,2081, 143,4539,5081,5082, 157,3989, 496, #  896
+4224,  57, 840, 540,2039,4540,4541,3468,2118,1445, 970,2264,1748,1966,2082,4225, #  912
+3144,1234,1776,3284,2829,3695, 773,1206,2130,1066,2040,1326,3990,1738,1725,4226, #  928
+ 279,3145,  51,1544,2604, 423,1578,2131,2067, 173,4542,1880,5083,5084,1583, 264, #  944
+ 610,3696,4543,2444, 280, 154,5085,5086,5087,1739, 338,1282,3096, 693,2871,1411, #  960
+1074,3826,2445,5088,4544,5089,5090,1240, 952,2399,5091,2914,1538,2688, 685,1483, #  976
+4227,2475,1436, 953,4228,2055,4545, 671,2400,  79,4229,2446,3285, 608, 567,2689, #  992
+3469,4230,4231,1691, 393,1261,1792,2401,5092,4546,5093,5094,5095,5096,1383,1672, # 1008
+3827,3213,1464, 522,1119, 661,1150, 216, 675,4547,3991,1432,3574, 609,4548,2690, # 1024
+2402,5097,5098,5099,4232,3045,   0,5100,2476, 315, 231,2447, 301,3356,4549,2385, # 1040
+5101, 233,4233,3697,1819,4550,4551,5102,  96,1777,1315,2083,5103, 257,5104,1810, # 1056
+3698,2718,1139,1820,4234,2022,1124,2164,2791,1778,2659,5105,3097, 363,1655,3214, # 1072
+5106,2993,5107,5108,5109,3992,1567,3993, 718, 103,3215, 849,1443, 341,3357,2949, # 1088
+1484,5110,1712, 127,  67, 339,4235,2403, 679,1412, 821,5111,5112, 834, 738, 351, # 1104
+2994,2147, 846, 235,1497,1881, 418,1993,3828,2719, 186,1100,2148,2756,3575,1545, # 1120
+1355,2950,2872,1377, 583,3994,4236,2581,2995,5113,1298,3699,1078,2557,3700,2363, # 1136
+  78,3829,3830, 267,1289,2100,2002,1594,4237, 348, 369,1274,2197,2178,1838,4552, # 1152
+1821,2830,3701,2757,2288,2003,4553,2951,2758, 144,3358, 882,4554,3995,2759,3470, # 1168
+4555,2915,5114,4238,1726, 320,5115,3996,3046, 788,2996,5116,2831,1774,1327,2873, # 1184
+3997,2832,5117,1306,4556,2004,1700,3831,3576,2364,2660, 787,2023, 506, 824,3702, # 1200
+ 534, 323,4557,1044,3359,2024,1901, 946,3471,5118,1779,1500,1678,5119,1882,4558, # 1216
+ 165, 243,4559,3703,2528, 123, 683,4239, 764,4560,  36,3998,1793, 589,2916, 816, # 1232
+ 626,1667,3047,2237,1639,1555,1622,3832,3999,5120,4000,2874,1370,1228,1933, 891, # 1248
+2084,2917, 304,4240,5121, 292,2997,2720,3577, 691,2101,4241,1115,4561, 118, 662, # 1264
+5122, 611,1156, 854,2386,1316,2875,   2, 386, 515,2918,5123,5124,3286, 868,2238, # 1280
+1486, 855,2661, 785,2216,3048,5125,1040,3216,3578,5126,3146, 448,5127,1525,5128, # 1296
+2165,4562,5129,3833,5130,4242,2833,3579,3147, 503, 818,4001,3148,1568, 814, 676, # 1312
+1444, 306,1749,5131,3834,1416,1030, 197,1428, 805,2834,1501,4563,5132,5133,5134, # 1328
+1994,5135,4564,5136,5137,2198,  13,2792,3704,2998,3149,1229,1917,5138,3835,2132, # 1344
+5139,4243,4565,2404,3580,5140,2217,1511,1727,1120,5141,5142, 646,3836,2448, 307, # 1360
+5143,5144,1595,3217,5145,5146,5147,3705,1113,1356,4002,1465,2529,2530,5148, 519, # 1376
+5149, 128,2133,  92,2289,1980,5150,4003,1512, 342,3150,2199,5151,2793,2218,1981, # 1392
+3360,4244, 290,1656,1317, 789, 827,2365,5152,3837,4566, 562, 581,4004,5153, 401, # 1408
+4567,2252,  94,4568,5154,1399,2794,5155,1463,2025,4569,3218,1944,5156, 828,1105, # 1424
+4245,1262,1394,5157,4246, 605,4570,5158,1784,2876,5159,2835, 819,2102, 578,2200, # 1440
+2952,5160,1502, 436,3287,4247,3288,2836,4005,2919,3472,3473,5161,2721,2320,5162, # 1456
+5163,2337,2068,  23,4571, 193, 826,3838,2103, 699,1630,4248,3098, 390,1794,1064, # 1472
+3581,5164,1579,3099,3100,1400,5165,4249,1839,1640,2877,5166,4572,4573, 137,4250, # 1488
+ 598,3101,1967, 780, 104, 974,2953,5167, 278, 899, 253, 402, 572, 504, 493,1339, # 1504
+5168,4006,1275,4574,2582,2558,5169,3706,3049,3102,2253, 565,1334,2722, 863,  41, # 1520
+5170,5171,4575,5172,1657,2338,  19, 463,2760,4251, 606,5173,2999,3289,1087,2085, # 1536
+1323,2662,3000,5174,1631,1623,1750,4252,2691,5175,2878, 791,2723,2663,2339, 232, # 1552
+2421,5176,3001,1498,5177,2664,2630, 755,1366,3707,3290,3151,2026,1609, 119,1918, # 1568
+3474, 862,1026,4253,5178,4007,3839,4576,4008,4577,2265,1952,2477,5179,1125, 817, # 1584
+4254,4255,4009,1513,1766,2041,1487,4256,3050,3291,2837,3840,3152,5180,5181,1507, # 1600
+5182,2692, 733,  40,1632,1106,2879, 345,4257, 841,2531, 230,4578,3002,1847,3292, # 1616
+3475,5183,1263, 986,3476,5184, 735, 879, 254,1137, 857, 622,1300,1180,1388,1562, # 1632
+4010,4011,2954, 967,2761,2665,1349, 592,2134,1692,3361,3003,1995,4258,1679,4012, # 1648
+1902,2188,5185, 739,3708,2724,1296,1290,5186,4259,2201,2202,1922,1563,2605,2559, # 1664
+1871,2762,3004,5187, 435,5188, 343,1108, 596,  17,1751,4579,2239,3477,3709,5189, # 1680
+4580, 294,3582,2955,1693, 477, 979, 281,2042,3583, 643,2043,3710,2631,2795,2266, # 1696
+1031,2340,2135,2303,3584,4581, 367,1249,2560,5190,3585,5191,4582,1283,3362,2005, # 1712
+ 240,1762,3363,4583,4584, 836,1069,3153, 474,5192,2149,2532, 268,3586,5193,3219, # 1728
+1521,1284,5194,1658,1546,4260,5195,3587,3588,5196,4261,3364,2693,1685,4262, 961, # 1744
+1673,2632, 190,2006,2203,3841,4585,4586,5197, 570,2504,3711,1490,5198,4587,2633, # 1760
+3293,1957,4588, 584,1514, 396,1045,1945,5199,4589,1968,2449,5200,5201,4590,4013, # 1776
+ 619,5202,3154,3294, 215,2007,2796,2561,3220,4591,3221,4592, 763,4263,3842,4593, # 1792
+5203,5204,1958,1767,2956,3365,3712,1174, 452,1477,4594,3366,3155,5205,2838,1253, # 1808
+2387,2189,1091,2290,4264, 492,5206, 638,1169,1825,2136,1752,4014, 648, 926,1021, # 1824
+1324,4595, 520,4596, 997, 847,1007, 892,4597,3843,2267,1872,3713,2405,1785,4598, # 1840
+1953,2957,3103,3222,1728,4265,2044,3714,4599,2008,1701,3156,1551,  30,2268,4266, # 1856
+5207,2027,4600,3589,5208, 501,5209,4267, 594,3478,2166,1822,3590,3479,3591,3223, # 1872
+ 829,2839,4268,5210,1680,3157,1225,4269,5211,3295,4601,4270,3158,2341,5212,4602, # 1888
+4271,5213,4015,4016,5214,1848,2388,2606,3367,5215,4603, 374,4017, 652,4272,4273, # 1904
+ 375,1140, 798,5216,5217,5218,2366,4604,2269, 546,1659, 138,3051,2450,4605,5219, # 1920
+2254, 612,1849, 910, 796,3844,1740,1371, 825,3845,3846,5220,2920,2562,5221, 692, # 1936
+ 444,3052,2634, 801,4606,4274,5222,1491, 244,1053,3053,4275,4276, 340,5223,4018, # 1952
+1041,3005, 293,1168,  87,1357,5224,1539, 959,5225,2240, 721, 694,4277,3847, 219, # 1968
+1478, 644,1417,3368,2666,1413,1401,1335,1389,4019,5226,5227,3006,2367,3159,1826, # 1984
+ 730,1515, 184,2840,  66,4607,5228,1660,2958, 246,3369, 378,1457, 226,3480, 975, # 2000
+4020,2959,1264,3592, 674, 696,5229, 163,5230,1141,2422,2167, 713,3593,3370,4608, # 2016
+4021,5231,5232,1186,  15,5233,1079,1070,5234,1522,3224,3594, 276,1050,2725, 758, # 2032
+1126, 653,2960,3296,5235,2342, 889,3595,4022,3104,3007, 903,1250,4609,4023,3481, # 2048
+3596,1342,1681,1718, 766,3297, 286,  89,2961,3715,5236,1713,5237,2607,3371,3008, # 2064
+5238,2962,2219,3225,2880,5239,4610,2505,2533, 181, 387,1075,4024, 731,2190,3372, # 2080
+5240,3298, 310, 313,3482,2304, 770,4278,  54,3054, 189,4611,3105,3848,4025,5241, # 2096
+1230,1617,1850, 355,3597,4279,4612,3373, 111,4280,3716,1350,3160,3483,3055,4281, # 2112
+2150,3299,3598,5242,2797,4026,4027,3009, 722,2009,5243,1071, 247,1207,2343,2478, # 2128
+1378,4613,2010, 864,1437,1214,4614, 373,3849,1142,2220, 667,4615, 442,2763,2563, # 2144
+3850,4028,1969,4282,3300,1840, 837, 170,1107, 934,1336,1883,5244,5245,2119,4283, # 2160
+2841, 743,1569,5246,4616,4284, 582,2389,1418,3484,5247,1803,5248, 357,1395,1729, # 2176
+3717,3301,2423,1564,2241,5249,3106,3851,1633,4617,1114,2086,4285,1532,5250, 482, # 2192
+2451,4618,5251,5252,1492, 833,1466,5253,2726,3599,1641,2842,5254,1526,1272,3718, # 2208
+4286,1686,1795, 416,2564,1903,1954,1804,5255,3852,2798,3853,1159,2321,5256,2881, # 2224
+4619,1610,1584,3056,2424,2764, 443,3302,1163,3161,5257,5258,4029,5259,4287,2506, # 2240
+3057,4620,4030,3162,2104,1647,3600,2011,1873,4288,5260,4289, 431,3485,5261, 250, # 2256
+  97,  81,4290,5262,1648,1851,1558, 160, 848,5263, 866, 740,1694,5264,2204,2843, # 2272
+3226,4291,4621,3719,1687, 950,2479, 426, 469,3227,3720,3721,4031,5265,5266,1188, # 2288
+ 424,1996, 861,3601,4292,3854,2205,2694, 168,1235,3602,4293,5267,2087,1674,4622, # 2304
+3374,3303, 220,2565,1009,5268,3855, 670,3010, 332,1208, 717,5269,5270,3603,2452, # 2320
+4032,3375,5271, 513,5272,1209,2882,3376,3163,4623,1080,5273,5274,5275,5276,2534, # 2336
+3722,3604, 815,1587,4033,4034,5277,3605,3486,3856,1254,4624,1328,3058,1390,4035, # 2352
+1741,4036,3857,4037,5278, 236,3858,2453,3304,5279,5280,3723,3859,1273,3860,4625, # 2368
+5281, 308,5282,4626, 245,4627,1852,2480,1307,2583, 430, 715,2137,2454,5283, 270, # 2384
+ 199,2883,4038,5284,3606,2727,1753, 761,1754, 725,1661,1841,4628,3487,3724,5285, # 2400
+5286, 587,  14,3305, 227,2608, 326, 480,2270, 943,2765,3607, 291, 650,1884,5287, # 2416
+1702,1226, 102,1547,  62,3488, 904,4629,3489,1164,4294,5288,5289,1224,1548,2766, # 2432
+ 391, 498,1493,5290,1386,1419,5291,2056,1177,4630, 813, 880,1081,2368, 566,1145, # 2448
+4631,2291,1001,1035,2566,2609,2242, 394,1286,5292,5293,2069,5294,  86,1494,1730, # 2464
+4039, 491,1588, 745, 897,2963, 843,3377,4040,2767,2884,3306,1768, 998,2221,2070, # 2480
+ 397,1827,1195,1970,3725,3011,3378, 284,5295,3861,2507,2138,2120,1904,5296,4041, # 2496
+2151,4042,4295,1036,3490,1905, 114,2567,4296, 209,1527,5297,5298,2964,2844,2635, # 2512
+2390,2728,3164, 812,2568,5299,3307,5300,1559, 737,1885,3726,1210, 885,  28,2695, # 2528
+3608,3862,5301,4297,1004,1780,4632,5302, 346,1982,2222,2696,4633,3863,1742, 797, # 2544
+1642,4043,1934,1072,1384,2152, 896,4044,3308,3727,3228,2885,3609,5303,2569,1959, # 2560
+4634,2455,1786,5304,5305,5306,4045,4298,1005,1308,3728,4299,2729,4635,4636,1528, # 2576
+2610, 161,1178,4300,1983, 987,4637,1101,4301, 631,4046,1157,3229,2425,1343,1241, # 2592
+1016,2243,2570, 372, 877,2344,2508,1160, 555,1935, 911,4047,5307, 466,1170, 169, # 2608
+1051,2921,2697,3729,2481,3012,1182,2012,2571,1251,2636,5308, 992,2345,3491,1540, # 2624
+2730,1201,2071,2406,1997,2482,5309,4638, 528,1923,2191,1503,1874,1570,2369,3379, # 2640
+3309,5310, 557,1073,5311,1828,3492,2088,2271,3165,3059,3107, 767,3108,2799,4639, # 2656
+1006,4302,4640,2346,1267,2179,3730,3230, 778,4048,3231,2731,1597,2667,5312,4641, # 2672
+5313,3493,5314,5315,5316,3310,2698,1433,3311, 131,  95,1504,4049, 723,4303,3166, # 2688
+1842,3610,2768,2192,4050,2028,2105,3731,5317,3013,4051,1218,5318,3380,3232,4052, # 2704
+4304,2584, 248,1634,3864, 912,5319,2845,3732,3060,3865, 654,  53,5320,3014,5321, # 2720
+1688,4642, 777,3494,1032,4053,1425,5322, 191, 820,2121,2846, 971,4643, 931,3233, # 2736
+ 135, 664, 783,3866,1998, 772,2922,1936,4054,3867,4644,2923,3234, 282,2732, 640, # 2752
+1372,3495,1127, 922, 325,3381,5323,5324, 711,2045,5325,5326,4055,2223,2800,1937, # 2768
+4056,3382,2224,2255,3868,2305,5327,4645,3869,1258,3312,4057,3235,2139,2965,4058, # 2784
+4059,5328,2225, 258,3236,4646, 101,1227,5329,3313,1755,5330,1391,3314,5331,2924, # 2800
+2057, 893,5332,5333,5334,1402,4305,2347,5335,5336,3237,3611,5337,5338, 878,1325, # 2816
+1781,2801,4647, 259,1385,2585, 744,1183,2272,4648,5339,4060,2509,5340, 684,1024, # 2832
+4306,5341, 472,3612,3496,1165,3315,4061,4062, 322,2153, 881, 455,1695,1152,1340, # 2848
+ 660, 554,2154,4649,1058,4650,4307, 830,1065,3383,4063,4651,1924,5342,1703,1919, # 2864
+5343, 932,2273, 122,5344,4652, 947, 677,5345,3870,2637, 297,1906,1925,2274,4653, # 2880
+2322,3316,5346,5347,4308,5348,4309,  84,4310, 112, 989,5349, 547,1059,4064, 701, # 2896
+3613,1019,5350,4311,5351,3497, 942, 639, 457,2306,2456, 993,2966, 407, 851, 494, # 2912
+4654,3384, 927,5352,1237,5353,2426,3385, 573,4312, 680, 921,2925,1279,1875, 285, # 2928
+ 790,1448,1984, 719,2168,5354,5355,4655,4065,4066,1649,5356,1541, 563,5357,1077, # 2944
+5358,3386,3061,3498, 511,3015,4067,4068,3733,4069,1268,2572,3387,3238,4656,4657, # 2960
+5359, 535,1048,1276,1189,2926,2029,3167,1438,1373,2847,2967,1134,2013,5360,4313, # 2976
+1238,2586,3109,1259,5361, 700,5362,2968,3168,3734,4314,5363,4315,1146,1876,1907, # 2992
+4658,2611,4070, 781,2427, 132,1589, 203, 147, 273,2802,2407, 898,1787,2155,4071, # 3008
+4072,5364,3871,2803,5365,5366,4659,4660,5367,3239,5368,1635,3872, 965,5369,1805, # 3024
+2699,1516,3614,1121,1082,1329,3317,4073,1449,3873,  65,1128,2848,2927,2769,1590, # 3040
+3874,5370,5371,  12,2668,  45, 976,2587,3169,4661, 517,2535,1013,1037,3240,5372, # 3056
+3875,2849,5373,3876,5374,3499,5375,2612, 614,1999,2323,3877,3110,2733,2638,5376, # 3072
+2588,4316, 599,1269,5377,1811,3735,5378,2700,3111, 759,1060, 489,1806,3388,3318, # 3088
+1358,5379,5380,2391,1387,1215,2639,2256, 490,5381,5382,4317,1759,2392,2348,5383, # 3104
+4662,3878,1908,4074,2640,1807,3241,4663,3500,3319,2770,2349, 874,5384,5385,3501, # 3120
+3736,1859,  91,2928,3737,3062,3879,4664,5386,3170,4075,2669,5387,3502,1202,1403, # 3136
+3880,2969,2536,1517,2510,4665,3503,2511,5388,4666,5389,2701,1886,1495,1731,4076, # 3152
+2370,4667,5390,2030,5391,5392,4077,2702,1216, 237,2589,4318,2324,4078,3881,4668, # 3168
+4669,2703,3615,3504, 445,4670,5393,5394,5395,5396,2771,  61,4079,3738,1823,4080, # 3184
+5397, 687,2046, 935, 925, 405,2670, 703,1096,1860,2734,4671,4081,1877,1367,2704, # 3200
+3389, 918,2106,1782,2483, 334,3320,1611,1093,4672, 564,3171,3505,3739,3390, 945, # 3216
+2641,2058,4673,5398,1926, 872,4319,5399,3506,2705,3112, 349,4320,3740,4082,4674, # 3232
+3882,4321,3741,2156,4083,4675,4676,4322,4677,2408,2047, 782,4084, 400, 251,4323, # 3248
+1624,5400,5401, 277,3742, 299,1265, 476,1191,3883,2122,4324,4325,1109, 205,5402, # 3264
+2590,1000,2157,3616,1861,5403,5404,5405,4678,5406,4679,2573, 107,2484,2158,4085, # 3280
+3507,3172,5407,1533, 541,1301, 158, 753,4326,2886,3617,5408,1696, 370,1088,4327, # 3296
+4680,3618, 579, 327, 440, 162,2244, 269,1938,1374,3508, 968,3063,  56,1396,3113, # 3312
+2107,3321,3391,5409,1927,2159,4681,3016,5410,3619,5411,5412,3743,4682,2485,5413, # 3328
+2804,5414,1650,4683,5415,2613,5416,5417,4086,2671,3392,1149,3393,4087,3884,4088, # 3344
+5418,1076,  49,5419, 951,3242,3322,3323, 450,2850, 920,5420,1812,2805,2371,4328, # 3360
+1909,1138,2372,3885,3509,5421,3243,4684,1910,1147,1518,2428,4685,3886,5422,4686, # 3376
+2393,2614, 260,1796,3244,5423,5424,3887,3324, 708,5425,3620,1704,5426,3621,1351, # 3392
+1618,3394,3017,1887, 944,4329,3395,4330,3064,3396,4331,5427,3744, 422, 413,1714, # 3408
+3325, 500,2059,2350,4332,2486,5428,1344,1911, 954,5429,1668,5430,5431,4089,2409, # 3424
+4333,3622,3888,4334,5432,2307,1318,2512,3114, 133,3115,2887,4687, 629,  31,2851, # 3440
+2706,3889,4688, 850, 949,4689,4090,2970,1732,2089,4335,1496,1853,5433,4091, 620, # 3456
+3245, 981,1242,3745,3397,1619,3746,1643,3326,2140,2457,1971,1719,3510,2169,5434, # 3472
+3246,5435,5436,3398,1829,5437,1277,4690,1565,2048,5438,1636,3623,3116,5439, 869, # 3488
+2852, 655,3890,3891,3117,4092,3018,3892,1310,3624,4691,5440,5441,5442,1733, 558, # 3504
+4692,3747, 335,1549,3065,1756,4336,3748,1946,3511,1830,1291,1192, 470,2735,2108, # 3520
+2806, 913,1054,4093,5443,1027,5444,3066,4094,4693, 982,2672,3399,3173,3512,3247, # 3536
+3248,1947,2807,5445, 571,4694,5446,1831,5447,3625,2591,1523,2429,5448,2090, 984, # 3552
+4695,3749,1960,5449,3750, 852, 923,2808,3513,3751, 969,1519, 999,2049,2325,1705, # 3568
+5450,3118, 615,1662, 151, 597,4095,2410,2326,1049, 275,4696,3752,4337, 568,3753, # 3584
+3626,2487,4338,3754,5451,2430,2275, 409,3249,5452,1566,2888,3514,1002, 769,2853, # 3600
+ 194,2091,3174,3755,2226,3327,4339, 628,1505,5453,5454,1763,2180,3019,4096, 521, # 3616
+1161,2592,1788,2206,2411,4697,4097,1625,4340,4341, 412,  42,3119, 464,5455,2642, # 3632
+4698,3400,1760,1571,2889,3515,2537,1219,2207,3893,2643,2141,2373,4699,4700,3328, # 3648
+1651,3401,3627,5456,5457,3628,2488,3516,5458,3756,5459,5460,2276,2092, 460,5461, # 3664
+4701,5462,3020, 962, 588,3629, 289,3250,2644,1116,  52,5463,3067,1797,5464,5465, # 3680
+5466,1467,5467,1598,1143,3757,4342,1985,1734,1067,4702,1280,3402, 465,4703,1572, # 3696
+ 510,5468,1928,2245,1813,1644,3630,5469,4704,3758,5470,5471,2673,1573,1534,5472, # 3712
+5473, 536,1808,1761,3517,3894,3175,2645,5474,5475,5476,4705,3518,2929,1912,2809, # 3728
+5477,3329,1122, 377,3251,5478, 360,5479,5480,4343,1529, 551,5481,2060,3759,1769, # 3744
+2431,5482,2930,4344,3330,3120,2327,2109,2031,4706,1404, 136,1468,1479, 672,1171, # 3760
+3252,2308, 271,3176,5483,2772,5484,2050, 678,2736, 865,1948,4707,5485,2014,4098, # 3776
+2971,5486,2737,2227,1397,3068,3760,4708,4709,1735,2931,3403,3631,5487,3895, 509, # 3792
+2854,2458,2890,3896,5488,5489,3177,3178,4710,4345,2538,4711,2309,1166,1010, 552, # 3808
+ 681,1888,5490,5491,2972,2973,4099,1287,1596,1862,3179, 358, 453, 736, 175, 478, # 3824
+1117, 905,1167,1097,5492,1854,1530,5493,1706,5494,2181,3519,2292,3761,3520,3632, # 3840
+4346,2093,4347,5495,3404,1193,2489,4348,1458,2193,2208,1863,1889,1421,3331,2932, # 3856
+3069,2182,3521, 595,2123,5496,4100,5497,5498,4349,1707,2646, 223,3762,1359, 751, # 3872
+3121, 183,3522,5499,2810,3021, 419,2374, 633, 704,3897,2394, 241,5500,5501,5502, # 3888
+ 838,3022,3763,2277,2773,2459,3898,1939,2051,4101,1309,3122,2246,1181,5503,1136, # 3904
+2209,3899,2375,1446,4350,2310,4712,5504,5505,4351,1055,2615, 484,3764,5506,4102, # 3920
+ 625,4352,2278,3405,1499,4353,4103,5507,4104,4354,3253,2279,2280,3523,5508,5509, # 3936
+2774, 808,2616,3765,3406,4105,4355,3123,2539, 526,3407,3900,4356, 955,5510,1620, # 3952
+4357,2647,2432,5511,1429,3766,1669,1832, 994, 928,5512,3633,1260,5513,5514,5515, # 3968
+1949,2293, 741,2933,1626,4358,2738,2460, 867,1184, 362,3408,1392,5516,5517,4106, # 3984
+4359,1770,1736,3254,2934,4713,4714,1929,2707,1459,1158,5518,3070,3409,2891,1292, # 4000
+1930,2513,2855,3767,1986,1187,2072,2015,2617,4360,5519,2574,2514,2170,3768,2490, # 4016
+3332,5520,3769,4715,5521,5522, 666,1003,3023,1022,3634,4361,5523,4716,1814,2257, # 4032
+ 574,3901,1603, 295,1535, 705,3902,4362, 283, 858, 417,5524,5525,3255,4717,4718, # 4048
+3071,1220,1890,1046,2281,2461,4107,1393,1599, 689,2575, 388,4363,5526,2491, 802, # 4064
+5527,2811,3903,2061,1405,2258,5528,4719,3904,2110,1052,1345,3256,1585,5529, 809, # 4080
+5530,5531,5532, 575,2739,3524, 956,1552,1469,1144,2328,5533,2329,1560,2462,3635, # 4096
+3257,4108, 616,2210,4364,3180,2183,2294,5534,1833,5535,3525,4720,5536,1319,3770, # 4112
+3771,1211,3636,1023,3258,1293,2812,5537,5538,5539,3905, 607,2311,3906, 762,2892, # 4128
+1439,4365,1360,4721,1485,3072,5540,4722,1038,4366,1450,2062,2648,4367,1379,4723, # 4144
+2593,5541,5542,4368,1352,1414,2330,2935,1172,5543,5544,3907,3908,4724,1798,1451, # 4160
+5545,5546,5547,5548,2936,4109,4110,2492,2351, 411,4111,4112,3637,3333,3124,4725, # 4176
+1561,2674,1452,4113,1375,5549,5550,  47,2974, 316,5551,1406,1591,2937,3181,5552, # 4192
+1025,2142,3125,3182, 354,2740, 884,2228,4369,2412, 508,3772, 726,3638, 996,2433, # 4208
+3639, 729,5553, 392,2194,1453,4114,4726,3773,5554,5555,2463,3640,2618,1675,2813, # 4224
+ 919,2352,2975,2353,1270,4727,4115,  73,5556,5557, 647,5558,3259,2856,2259,1550, # 4240
+1346,3024,5559,1332, 883,3526,5560,5561,5562,5563,3334,2775,5564,1212, 831,1347, # 4256
+4370,4728,2331,3909,1864,3073, 720,3910,4729,4730,3911,5565,4371,5566,5567,4731, # 4272
+5568,5569,1799,4732,3774,2619,4733,3641,1645,2376,4734,5570,2938, 669,2211,2675, # 4288
+2434,5571,2893,5572,5573,1028,3260,5574,4372,2413,5575,2260,1353,5576,5577,4735, # 4304
+3183, 518,5578,4116,5579,4373,1961,5580,2143,4374,5581,5582,3025,2354,2355,3912, # 4320
+ 516,1834,1454,4117,2708,4375,4736,2229,2620,1972,1129,3642,5583,2776,5584,2976, # 4336
+1422, 577,1470,3026,1524,3410,5585,5586, 432,4376,3074,3527,5587,2594,1455,2515, # 4352
+2230,1973,1175,5588,1020,2741,4118,3528,4737,5589,2742,5590,1743,1361,3075,3529, # 4368
+2649,4119,4377,4738,2295, 895, 924,4378,2171, 331,2247,3076, 166,1627,3077,1098, # 4384
+5591,1232,2894,2231,3411,4739, 657, 403,1196,2377, 542,3775,3412,1600,4379,3530, # 4400
+5592,4740,2777,3261, 576, 530,1362,4741,4742,2540,2676,3776,4120,5593, 842,3913, # 4416
+5594,2814,2032,1014,4121, 213,2709,3413, 665, 621,4380,5595,3777,2939,2435,5596, # 4432
+2436,3335,3643,3414,4743,4381,2541,4382,4744,3644,1682,4383,3531,1380,5597, 724, # 4448
+2282, 600,1670,5598,1337,1233,4745,3126,2248,5599,1621,4746,5600, 651,4384,5601, # 4464
+1612,4385,2621,5602,2857,5603,2743,2312,3078,5604, 716,2464,3079, 174,1255,2710, # 4480
+4122,3645, 548,1320,1398, 728,4123,1574,5605,1891,1197,3080,4124,5606,3081,3082, # 4496
+3778,3646,3779, 747,5607, 635,4386,4747,5608,5609,5610,4387,5611,5612,4748,5613, # 4512
+3415,4749,2437, 451,5614,3780,2542,2073,4388,2744,4389,4125,5615,1764,4750,5616, # 4528
+4390, 350,4751,2283,2395,2493,5617,4391,4126,2249,1434,4127, 488,4752, 458,4392, # 4544
+4128,3781, 771,1330,2396,3914,2576,3184,2160,2414,1553,2677,3185,4393,5618,2494, # 4560
+2895,2622,1720,2711,4394,3416,4753,5619,2543,4395,5620,3262,4396,2778,5621,2016, # 4576
+2745,5622,1155,1017,3782,3915,5623,3336,2313, 201,1865,4397,1430,5624,4129,5625, # 4592
+5626,5627,5628,5629,4398,1604,5630, 414,1866, 371,2595,4754,4755,3532,2017,3127, # 4608
+4756,1708, 960,4399, 887, 389,2172,1536,1663,1721,5631,2232,4130,2356,2940,1580, # 4624
+5632,5633,1744,4757,2544,4758,4759,5634,4760,5635,2074,5636,4761,3647,3417,2896, # 4640
+4400,5637,4401,2650,3418,2815, 673,2712,2465, 709,3533,4131,3648,4402,5638,1148, # 4656
+ 502, 634,5639,5640,1204,4762,3649,1575,4763,2623,3783,5641,3784,3128, 948,3263, # 4672
+ 121,1745,3916,1110,5642,4403,3083,2516,3027,4132,3785,1151,1771,3917,1488,4133, # 4688
+1987,5643,2438,3534,5644,5645,2094,5646,4404,3918,1213,1407,2816, 531,2746,2545, # 4704
+3264,1011,1537,4764,2779,4405,3129,1061,5647,3786,3787,1867,2897,5648,2018, 120, # 4720
+4406,4407,2063,3650,3265,2314,3919,2678,3419,1955,4765,4134,5649,3535,1047,2713, # 4736
+1266,5650,1368,4766,2858, 649,3420,3920,2546,2747,1102,2859,2679,5651,5652,2000, # 4752
+5653,1111,3651,2977,5654,2495,3921,3652,2817,1855,3421,3788,5655,5656,3422,2415, # 4768
+2898,3337,3266,3653,5657,2577,5658,3654,2818,4135,1460, 856,5659,3655,5660,2899, # 4784
+2978,5661,2900,3922,5662,4408, 632,2517, 875,3923,1697,3924,2296,5663,5664,4767, # 4800
+3028,1239, 580,4768,4409,5665, 914, 936,2075,1190,4136,1039,2124,5666,5667,5668, # 4816
+5669,3423,1473,5670,1354,4410,3925,4769,2173,3084,4137, 915,3338,4411,4412,3339, # 4832
+1605,1835,5671,2748, 398,3656,4413,3926,4138, 328,1913,2860,4139,3927,1331,4414, # 4848
+3029, 937,4415,5672,3657,4140,4141,3424,2161,4770,3425, 524, 742, 538,3085,1012, # 4864
+5673,5674,3928,2466,5675, 658,1103, 225,3929,5676,5677,4771,5678,4772,5679,3267, # 4880
+1243,5680,4142, 963,2250,4773,5681,2714,3658,3186,5682,5683,2596,2332,5684,4774, # 4896
+5685,5686,5687,3536, 957,3426,2547,2033,1931,2941,2467, 870,2019,3659,1746,2780, # 4912
+2781,2439,2468,5688,3930,5689,3789,3130,3790,3537,3427,3791,5690,1179,3086,5691, # 4928
+3187,2378,4416,3792,2548,3188,3131,2749,4143,5692,3428,1556,2549,2297, 977,2901, # 4944
+2034,4144,1205,3429,5693,1765,3430,3189,2125,1271, 714,1689,4775,3538,5694,2333, # 4960
+3931, 533,4417,3660,2184, 617,5695,2469,3340,3539,2315,5696,5697,3190,5698,5699, # 4976
+3932,1988, 618, 427,2651,3540,3431,5700,5701,1244,1690,5702,2819,4418,4776,5703, # 4992
+3541,4777,5704,2284,1576, 473,3661,4419,3432, 972,5705,3662,5706,3087,5707,5708, # 5008
+4778,4779,5709,3793,4145,4146,5710, 153,4780, 356,5711,1892,2902,4420,2144, 408, # 5024
+ 803,2357,5712,3933,5713,4421,1646,2578,2518,4781,4782,3934,5714,3935,4422,5715, # 5040
+2416,3433, 752,5716,5717,1962,3341,2979,5718, 746,3030,2470,4783,4423,3794, 698, # 5056
+4784,1893,4424,3663,2550,4785,3664,3936,5719,3191,3434,5720,1824,1302,4147,2715, # 5072
+3937,1974,4425,5721,4426,3192, 823,1303,1288,1236,2861,3542,4148,3435, 774,3938, # 5088
+5722,1581,4786,1304,2862,3939,4787,5723,2440,2162,1083,3268,4427,4149,4428, 344, # 5104
+1173, 288,2316, 454,1683,5724,5725,1461,4788,4150,2597,5726,5727,4789, 985, 894, # 5120
+5728,3436,3193,5729,1914,2942,3795,1989,5730,2111,1975,5731,4151,5732,2579,1194, # 5136
+ 425,5733,4790,3194,1245,3796,4429,5734,5735,2863,5736, 636,4791,1856,3940, 760, # 5152
+1800,5737,4430,2212,1508,4792,4152,1894,1684,2298,5738,5739,4793,4431,4432,2213, # 5168
+ 479,5740,5741, 832,5742,4153,2496,5743,2980,2497,3797, 990,3132, 627,1815,2652, # 5184
+4433,1582,4434,2126,2112,3543,4794,5744, 799,4435,3195,5745,4795,2113,1737,3031, # 5200
+1018, 543, 754,4436,3342,1676,4796,4797,4154,4798,1489,5746,3544,5747,2624,2903, # 5216
+4155,5748,5749,2981,5750,5751,5752,5753,3196,4799,4800,2185,1722,5754,3269,3270, # 5232
+1843,3665,1715, 481, 365,1976,1857,5755,5756,1963,2498,4801,5757,2127,3666,3271, # 5248
+ 433,1895,2064,2076,5758, 602,2750,5759,5760,5761,5762,5763,3032,1628,3437,5764, # 5264
+3197,4802,4156,2904,4803,2519,5765,2551,2782,5766,5767,5768,3343,4804,2905,5769, # 5280
+4805,5770,2864,4806,4807,1221,2982,4157,2520,5771,5772,5773,1868,1990,5774,5775, # 5296
+5776,1896,5777,5778,4808,1897,4158, 318,5779,2095,4159,4437,5780,5781, 485,5782, # 5312
+ 938,3941, 553,2680, 116,5783,3942,3667,5784,3545,2681,2783,3438,3344,2820,5785, # 5328
+3668,2943,4160,1747,2944,2983,5786,5787, 207,5788,4809,5789,4810,2521,5790,3033, # 5344
+ 890,3669,3943,5791,1878,3798,3439,5792,2186,2358,3440,1652,5793,5794,5795, 941, # 5360
+2299, 208,3546,4161,2020, 330,4438,3944,2906,2499,3799,4439,4811,5796,5797,5798, # 5376
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5prober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef09c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/big5prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import Big5DistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import BIG5_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class Big5Prober(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(BIG5_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = Big5DistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "Big5"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Chinese"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/chardistribution.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/chardistribution.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..176cb99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/chardistribution.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Tuple, Union
+
+from .big5freq import (
+    BIG5_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    BIG5_TABLE_SIZE,
+    BIG5_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .euckrfreq import (
+    EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE,
+    EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .euctwfreq import (
+    EUCTW_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    EUCTW_TABLE_SIZE,
+    EUCTW_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .gb2312freq import (
+    GB2312_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    GB2312_TABLE_SIZE,
+    GB2312_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .jisfreq import (
+    JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER,
+    JIS_TABLE_SIZE,
+    JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO,
+)
+from .johabfreq import JOHAB_TO_EUCKR_ORDER_TABLE
+
+
+class CharDistributionAnalysis:
+    ENOUGH_DATA_THRESHOLD = 1024
+    SURE_YES = 0.99
+    SURE_NO = 0.01
+    MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD = 3
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # Mapping table to get frequency order from char order (get from
+        # GetOrder())
+        self._char_to_freq_order: Tuple[int, ...] = tuple()
+        self._table_size = 0  # Size of above table
+        # This is a constant value which varies from language to language,
+        # used in calculating confidence.  See
+        # http://www.mozilla.org/projects/intl/UniversalCharsetDetection.html
+        # for further detail.
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = 0.0
+        self._done = False
+        self._total_chars = 0
+        self._freq_chars = 0
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """reset analyser, clear any state"""
+        # If this flag is set to True, detection is done and conclusion has
+        # been made
+        self._done = False
+        self._total_chars = 0  # Total characters encountered
+        # The number of characters whose frequency order is less than 512
+        self._freq_chars = 0
+
+    def feed(self, char: Union[bytes, bytearray], char_len: int) -> None:
+        """feed a character with known length"""
+        if char_len == 2:
+            # we only care about 2-bytes character in our distribution analysis
+            order = self.get_order(char)
+        else:
+            order = -1
+        if order >= 0:
+            self._total_chars += 1
+            # order is valid
+            if order < self._table_size:
+                if 512 > self._char_to_freq_order[order]:
+                    self._freq_chars += 1
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        """return confidence based on existing data"""
+        # if we didn't receive any character in our consideration range,
+        # return negative answer
+        if self._total_chars <= 0 or self._freq_chars <= self.MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD:
+            return self.SURE_NO
+
+        if self._total_chars != self._freq_chars:
+            r = self._freq_chars / (
+                (self._total_chars - self._freq_chars) * self.typical_distribution_ratio
+            )
+            if r < self.SURE_YES:
+                return r
+
+        # normalize confidence (we don't want to be 100% sure)
+        return self.SURE_YES
+
+    def got_enough_data(self) -> bool:
+        # It is not necessary to receive all data to draw conclusion.
+        # For charset detection, certain amount of data is enough
+        return self._total_chars > self.ENOUGH_DATA_THRESHOLD
+
+    def get_order(self, _: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # We do not handle characters based on the original encoding string,
+        # but convert this encoding string to a number, here called order.
+        # This allows multiple encodings of a language to share one frequency
+        # table.
+        return -1
+
+
+class EUCTWDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = EUCTW_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = EUCTW_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = EUCTW_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for euc-TW encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xc4 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if first_char >= 0xC4:
+            return 94 * (first_char - 0xC4) + byte_str[1] - 0xA1
+        return -1
+
+
+class EUCKRDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for euc-KR encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xb0 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if first_char >= 0xB0:
+            return 94 * (first_char - 0xB0) + byte_str[1] - 0xA1
+        return -1
+
+
+class JOHABDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if 0x88 <= first_char < 0xD4:
+            code = first_char * 256 + byte_str[1]
+            return JOHAB_TO_EUCKR_ORDER_TABLE.get(code, -1)
+        return -1
+
+
+class GB2312DistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = GB2312_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = GB2312_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = GB2312_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for GB2312 encoding, we are interested
+        #  first  byte range: 0xb0 -- 0xfe
+        #  second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char, second_char = byte_str[0], byte_str[1]
+        if (first_char >= 0xB0) and (second_char >= 0xA1):
+            return 94 * (first_char - 0xB0) + second_char - 0xA1
+        return -1
+
+
+class Big5DistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = BIG5_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = BIG5_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = BIG5_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for big5 encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xa4 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0x40 -- 0x7e , 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char, second_char = byte_str[0], byte_str[1]
+        if first_char >= 0xA4:
+            if second_char >= 0xA1:
+                return 157 * (first_char - 0xA4) + second_char - 0xA1 + 63
+            return 157 * (first_char - 0xA4) + second_char - 0x40
+        return -1
+
+
+class SJISDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = JIS_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for sjis encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0x81 -- 0x9f , 0xe0 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0x40 -- 0x7e,  0x81 -- oxfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        first_char, second_char = byte_str[0], byte_str[1]
+        if 0x81 <= first_char <= 0x9F:
+            order = 188 * (first_char - 0x81)
+        elif 0xE0 <= first_char <= 0xEF:
+            order = 188 * (first_char - 0xE0 + 31)
+        else:
+            return -1
+        order = order + second_char - 0x40
+        if second_char > 0x7F:
+            order = -1
+        return order
+
+
+class EUCJPDistributionAnalysis(CharDistributionAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._char_to_freq_order = JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER
+        self._table_size = JIS_TABLE_SIZE
+        self.typical_distribution_ratio = JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+        # for euc-JP encoding, we are interested
+        #   first  byte range: 0xa0 -- 0xfe
+        #   second byte range: 0xa1 -- 0xfe
+        # no validation needed here. State machine has done that
+        char = byte_str[0]
+        if char >= 0xA0:
+            return 94 * (char - 0xA1) + byte_str[1] - 0xA1
+        return -1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetgroupprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetgroupprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6def56b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetgroupprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, ProbingState
+
+
+class CharSetGroupProber(CharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self._active_num = 0
+        self.probers: List[CharSetProber] = []
+        self._best_guess_prober: Optional[CharSetProber] = None
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self._active_num = 0
+        for prober in self.probers:
+            prober.reset()
+            prober.active = True
+            self._active_num += 1
+        self._best_guess_prober = None
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not self._best_guess_prober:
+            self.get_confidence()
+            if not self._best_guess_prober:
+                return None
+        return self._best_guess_prober.charset_name
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if not self._best_guess_prober:
+            self.get_confidence()
+            if not self._best_guess_prober:
+                return None
+        return self._best_guess_prober.language
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for prober in self.probers:
+            if not prober.active:
+                continue
+            state = prober.feed(byte_str)
+            if not state:
+                continue
+            if state == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                self._best_guess_prober = prober
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                return self.state
+            if state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+                prober.active = False
+                self._active_num -= 1
+                if self._active_num <= 0:
+                    self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                    return self.state
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        state = self.state
+        if state == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+            return 0.99
+        if state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            return 0.01
+        best_conf = 0.0
+        self._best_guess_prober = None
+        for prober in self.probers:
+            if not prober.active:
+                self.logger.debug("%s not active", prober.charset_name)
+                continue
+            conf = prober.get_confidence()
+            self.logger.debug(
+                "%s %s confidence = %s", prober.charset_name, prober.language, conf
+            )
+            if best_conf < conf:
+                best_conf = conf
+                self._best_guess_prober = prober
+        if not self._best_guess_prober:
+            return 0.0
+        return best_conf
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a103ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/charsetprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, ProbingState
+
+INTERNATIONAL_WORDS_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    b"[a-zA-Z]*[\x80-\xFF]+[a-zA-Z]*[^a-zA-Z\x80-\xFF]?"
+)
+
+
+class CharSetProber:
+
+    SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD = 0.95
+
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.active = True
+        self.lang_filter = lang_filter
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> ProbingState:
+        return self._state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        return 0.0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def filter_high_byte_only(buf: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytes:
+        buf = re.sub(b"([\x00-\x7F])+", b" ", buf)
+        return buf
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def filter_international_words(buf: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytearray:
+        """
+        We define three types of bytes:
+        alphabet: english alphabets [a-zA-Z]
+        international: international characters [\x80-\xFF]
+        marker: everything else [^a-zA-Z\x80-\xFF]
+        The input buffer can be thought to contain a series of words delimited
+        by markers. This function works to filter all words that contain at
+        least one international character. All contiguous sequences of markers
+        are replaced by a single space ascii character.
+        This filter applies to all scripts which do not use English characters.
+        """
+        filtered = bytearray()
+
+        # This regex expression filters out only words that have at-least one
+        # international character. The word may include one marker character at
+        # the end.
+        words = INTERNATIONAL_WORDS_PATTERN.findall(buf)
+
+        for word in words:
+            filtered.extend(word[:-1])
+
+            # If the last character in the word is a marker, replace it with a
+            # space as markers shouldn't affect our analysis (they are used
+            # similarly across all languages and may thus have similar
+            # frequencies).
+            last_char = word[-1:]
+            if not last_char.isalpha() and last_char < b"\x80":
+                last_char = b" "
+            filtered.extend(last_char)
+
+        return filtered
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def remove_xml_tags(buf: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Returns a copy of ``buf`` that retains only the sequences of English
+        alphabet and high byte characters that are not between <> characters.
+        This filter can be applied to all scripts which contain both English
+        characters and extended ASCII characters, but is currently only used by
+        ``Latin1Prober``.
+        """
+        filtered = bytearray()
+        in_tag = False
+        prev = 0
+        buf = memoryview(buf).cast("c")
+
+        for curr, buf_char in enumerate(buf):
+            # Check if we're coming out of or entering an XML tag
+
+            # https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/8182
+            if buf_char == b">":  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+                prev = curr + 1
+                in_tag = False
+            # https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/8182
+            elif buf_char == b"<":  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+                if curr > prev and not in_tag:
+                    # Keep everything after last non-extended-ASCII,
+                    # non-alphabetic character
+                    filtered.extend(buf[prev:curr])
+                    # Output a space to delimit stretch we kept
+                    filtered.extend(b" ")
+                in_tag = True
+
+        # If we're not in a tag...
+        if not in_tag:
+            # Keep everything after last non-extended-ASCII, non-alphabetic
+            # character
+            filtered.extend(buf[prev:])
+
+        return filtered
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__pycache__/chardetect.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/__pycache__/chardetect.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/chardetect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/chardetect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43f6e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cli/chardetect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""
+Script which takes one or more file paths and reports on their detected
+encodings
+
+Example::
+
+    % chardetect somefile someotherfile
+    somefile: windows-1252 with confidence 0.5
+    someotherfile: ascii with confidence 1.0
+
+If no paths are provided, it takes its input from stdin.
+
+"""
+
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from .. import __version__
+from ..universaldetector import UniversalDetector
+
+
+def description_of(
+    lines: Iterable[bytes],
+    name: str = "stdin",
+    minimal: bool = False,
+    should_rename_legacy: bool = False,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return a string describing the probable encoding of a file or
+    list of strings.
+
+    :param lines: The lines to get the encoding of.
+    :type lines: Iterable of bytes
+    :param name: Name of file or collection of lines
+    :type name: str
+    :param should_rename_legacy:  Should we rename legacy encodings to
+                                  their more modern equivalents?
+    :type should_rename_legacy:   ``bool``
+    """
+    u = UniversalDetector(should_rename_legacy=should_rename_legacy)
+    for line in lines:
+        line = bytearray(line)
+        u.feed(line)
+        # shortcut out of the loop to save reading further - particularly useful if we read a BOM.
+        if u.done:
+            break
+    u.close()
+    result = u.result
+    if minimal:
+        return result["encoding"]
+    if result["encoding"]:
+        return f'{name}: {result["encoding"]} with confidence {result["confidence"]}'
+    return f"{name}: no result"
+
+
+def main(argv: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> None:
+    """
+    Handles command line arguments and gets things started.
+
+    :param argv: List of arguments, as if specified on the command-line.
+                 If None, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used instead.
+    :type argv: list of str
+    """
+    # Get command line arguments
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=(
+            "Takes one or more file paths and reports their detected encodings"
+        )
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "input",
+        help="File whose encoding we would like to determine. (default: stdin)",
+        type=argparse.FileType("rb"),
+        nargs="*",
+        default=[sys.stdin.buffer],
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--minimal",
+        help="Print only the encoding to standard output",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l",
+        "--legacy",
+        help="Rename legacy encodings to more modern ones.",
+        action="store_true",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--version", action="version", version=f"%(prog)s {__version__}"
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    for f in args.input:
+        if f.isatty():
+            print(
+                "You are running chardetect interactively. Press "
+                "CTRL-D twice at the start of a blank line to signal the "
+                "end of your input. If you want help, run chardetect "
+                "--help\n",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+        print(
+            description_of(
+                f, f.name, minimal=args.minimal, should_rename_legacy=args.legacy
+            )
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachine.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ed4a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+import logging
+
+from .codingstatemachinedict import CodingStateMachineDict
+from .enums import MachineState
+
+
+class CodingStateMachine:
+    """
+    A state machine to verify a byte sequence for a particular encoding. For
+    each byte the detector receives, it will feed that byte to every active
+    state machine available, one byte at a time. The state machine changes its
+    state based on its previous state and the byte it receives. There are 3
+    states in a state machine that are of interest to an auto-detector:
+
+    START state: This is the state to start with, or a legal byte sequence
+                 (i.e. a valid code point) for character has been identified.
+
+    ME state:  This indicates that the state machine identified a byte sequence
+               that is specific to the charset it is designed for and that
+               there is no other possible encoding which can contain this byte
+               sequence. This will to lead to an immediate positive answer for
+               the detector.
+
+    ERROR state: This indicates the state machine identified an illegal byte
+                 sequence for that encoding. This will lead to an immediate
+                 negative answer for this encoding. Detector will exclude this
+                 encoding from consideration from here on.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sm: CodingStateMachineDict) -> None:
+        self._model = sm
+        self._curr_byte_pos = 0
+        self._curr_char_len = 0
+        self._curr_state = MachineState.START
+        self.active = True
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._curr_state = MachineState.START
+
+    def next_state(self, c: int) -> int:
+        # for each byte we get its class
+        # if it is first byte, we also get byte length
+        byte_class = self._model["class_table"][c]
+        if self._curr_state == MachineState.START:
+            self._curr_byte_pos = 0
+            self._curr_char_len = self._model["char_len_table"][byte_class]
+        # from byte's class and state_table, we get its next state
+        curr_state = self._curr_state * self._model["class_factor"] + byte_class
+        self._curr_state = self._model["state_table"][curr_state]
+        self._curr_byte_pos += 1
+        return self._curr_state
+
+    def get_current_charlen(self) -> int:
+        return self._curr_char_len
+
+    def get_coding_state_machine(self) -> str:
+        return self._model["name"]
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return self._model["language"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachinedict.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachinedict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a3c4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/codingstatemachinedict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TypedDict was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove the else block and TYPE_CHECKING check when dropping support
+    # for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class CodingStateMachineDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+        class_table: Tuple[int, ...]
+        class_factor: int
+        state_table: Tuple[int, ...]
+        char_len_table: Tuple[int, ...]
+        name: str
+        language: str  # Optional key
+
+else:
+    CodingStateMachineDict = dict
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cp949prober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cp949prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa7307e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/cp949prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCKRDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import CP949_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class CP949Prober(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(CP949_SM_MODEL)
+        # NOTE: CP949 is a superset of EUC-KR, so the distribution should be
+        #       not different.
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCKRDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "CP949"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Korean"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/enums.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/enums.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e3e198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/enums.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""
+All of the Enums that are used throughout the chardet package.
+
+:author: Dan Blanchard (dan.blanchard@gmail.com)
+"""
+
+from enum import Enum, Flag
+
+
+class InputState:
+    """
+    This enum represents the different states a universal detector can be in.
+    """
+
+    PURE_ASCII = 0
+    ESC_ASCII = 1
+    HIGH_BYTE = 2
+
+
+class LanguageFilter(Flag):
+    """
+    This enum represents the different language filters we can apply to a
+    ``UniversalDetector``.
+    """
+
+    NONE = 0x00
+    CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED = 0x01
+    CHINESE_TRADITIONAL = 0x02
+    JAPANESE = 0x04
+    KOREAN = 0x08
+    NON_CJK = 0x10
+    ALL = 0x1F
+    CHINESE = CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED | CHINESE_TRADITIONAL
+    CJK = CHINESE | JAPANESE | KOREAN
+
+
+class ProbingState(Enum):
+    """
+    This enum represents the different states a prober can be in.
+    """
+
+    DETECTING = 0
+    FOUND_IT = 1
+    NOT_ME = 2
+
+
+class MachineState:
+    """
+    This enum represents the different states a state machine can be in.
+    """
+
+    START = 0
+    ERROR = 1
+    ITS_ME = 2
+
+
+class SequenceLikelihood:
+    """
+    This enum represents the likelihood of a character following the previous one.
+    """
+
+    NEGATIVE = 0
+    UNLIKELY = 1
+    LIKELY = 2
+    POSITIVE = 3
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_num_categories(cls) -> int:
+        """:returns: The number of likelihood categories in the enum."""
+        return 4
+
+
+class CharacterCategory:
+    """
+    This enum represents the different categories language models for
+    ``SingleByteCharsetProber`` put characters into.
+
+    Anything less than CONTROL is considered a letter.
+    """
+
+    UNDEFINED = 255
+    LINE_BREAK = 254
+    SYMBOL = 253
+    DIGIT = 252
+    CONTROL = 251
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd71383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, MachineState, ProbingState
+from .escsm import (
+    HZ_SM_MODEL,
+    ISO2022CN_SM_MODEL,
+    ISO2022JP_SM_MODEL,
+    ISO2022KR_SM_MODEL,
+)
+
+
+class EscCharSetProber(CharSetProber):
+    """
+    This CharSetProber uses a "code scheme" approach for detecting encodings,
+    whereby easily recognizable escape or shift sequences are relied on to
+    identify these encodings.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self.coding_sm = []
+        if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED:
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(HZ_SM_MODEL))
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(ISO2022CN_SM_MODEL))
+        if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.JAPANESE:
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(ISO2022JP_SM_MODEL))
+        if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.KOREAN:
+            self.coding_sm.append(CodingStateMachine(ISO2022KR_SM_MODEL))
+        self.active_sm_count = 0
+        self._detected_charset: Optional[str] = None
+        self._detected_language: Optional[str] = None
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        for coding_sm in self.coding_sm:
+            coding_sm.active = True
+            coding_sm.reset()
+        self.active_sm_count = len(self.coding_sm)
+        self._detected_charset = None
+        self._detected_language = None
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._detected_charset
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._detected_language
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        return 0.99 if self._detected_charset else 0.00
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for c in byte_str:
+            for coding_sm in self.coding_sm:
+                if not coding_sm.active:
+                    continue
+                coding_state = coding_sm.next_state(c)
+                if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                    coding_sm.active = False
+                    self.active_sm_count -= 1
+                    if self.active_sm_count <= 0:
+                        self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                        return self.state
+                elif coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                    self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                    self._detected_charset = coding_sm.get_coding_state_machine()
+                    self._detected_language = coding_sm.language
+                    return self.state
+
+        return self.state
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escsm.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escsm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11d4adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/escsm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License,  or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not,  write to the Free Software
+# Foundation,  Inc.,  51 Franklin St,  Fifth Floor,  Boston,  MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .codingstatemachinedict import CodingStateMachineDict
+from .enums import MachineState
+
+# fmt: off
+HZ_CLS = (
+    1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 5, 2, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 80 - 87
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 88 - 8f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 90 - 97
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 98 - 9f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # a0 - a7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # a8 - af
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b0 - b7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b8 - bf
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # c0 - c7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # c8 - cf
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # d0 - d7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # d8 - df
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # e0 - e7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # e8 - ef
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # f0 - f7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+HZ_ST = (
+MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR,      3, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 00-07
+MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 08-0f
+MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 10-17
+     5, MachineState.ERROR,      6, MachineState.ERROR,      5,      5,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+     4, MachineState.ERROR,      4,      4,      4, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 20-27
+     4, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 28-2f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+HZ_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+HZ_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": HZ_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": HZ_ST,
+    "char_len_table": HZ_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "HZ-GB-2312",
+    "language": "Chinese",
+}
+
+# fmt: off
+ISO2022CN_CLS = (
+    2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 80 - 87
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 88 - 8f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 90 - 97
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 98 - 9f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+ISO2022CN_ST = (
+    MachineState.START,      3, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 00-07
+    MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 10-17
+    MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 20-27
+        5,      6, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 28-2f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 30-37
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, # 38-3f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+ISO2022CN_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ISO2022CN_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": ISO2022CN_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 9,
+    "state_table": ISO2022CN_ST,
+    "char_len_table": ISO2022CN_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "ISO-2022-CN",
+    "language": "Chinese",
+}
+
+# fmt: off
+ISO2022JP_CLS = (
+    2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    6, 0, 4, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 9, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 80 - 87
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 88 - 8f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 90 - 97
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 98 - 9f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+ISO2022JP_ST = (
+    MachineState.START,      3, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 00-07
+    MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 10-17
+    MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR,      5, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 20-27
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      6, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, # 28-2f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 30-37
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 38-3f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 40-47
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+ISO2022JP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ISO2022JP_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": ISO2022JP_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 10,
+    "state_table": ISO2022JP_ST,
+    "char_len_table": ISO2022JP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "ISO-2022-JP",
+    "language": "Japanese",
+}
+
+# fmt: off
+ISO2022KR_CLS = (
+    2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 80 - 87
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 88 - 8f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 90 - 97
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 98 - 9f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+ISO2022KR_ST = (
+    MachineState.START,      3, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, # 08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      4, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 10-17
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR,      5, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, # 18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ERROR, MachineState.ITS_ME, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, MachineState.START, # 20-27
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+ISO2022KR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+ISO2022KR_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": ISO2022KR_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": ISO2022KR_ST,
+    "char_len_table": ISO2022KR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "ISO-2022-KR",
+    "language": "Korean",
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/eucjpprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/eucjpprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39487f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/eucjpprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Union
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCJPDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import MachineState, ProbingState
+from .jpcntx import EUCJPContextAnalysis
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import EUCJP_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class EUCJPProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(EUCJP_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCJPDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.context_analyzer = EUCJPContextAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.context_analyzer.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "EUC-JP"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Japanese"
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self.coding_sm is not None
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        for i, byte in enumerate(byte_str):
+            # PY3K: byte_str is a byte array, so byte is an int, not a byte
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(byte)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "%s %s prober hit error at byte %s",
+                    self.charset_name,
+                    self.language,
+                    i,
+                )
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                char_len = self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen()
+                if i == 0:
+                    self._last_char[1] = byte
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                else:
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+
+        self._last_char[0] = byte_str[-1]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.context_analyzer.got_enough_data() and (
+                self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD
+            ):
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        context_conf = self.context_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        distrib_conf = self.distribution_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        return max(context_conf, distrib_conf)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrfreq.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc3b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# Sampling from about 20M text materials include literature and computer technology
+
+# 128  --> 0.79
+# 256  --> 0.92
+# 512  --> 0.986
+# 1024 --> 0.99944
+# 2048 --> 0.99999
+#
+# Idea Distribution Ratio = 0.98653 / (1-0.98653) = 73.24
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512 / (2350-512) = 0.279.
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio
+
+EUCKR_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 6.0
+
+EUCKR_TABLE_SIZE = 2352
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table ,
+# fmt: off
+EUCKR_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+  13, 130, 120,1396, 481,1719,1720, 328, 609, 212,1721, 707, 400, 299,1722,  87,
+1397,1723, 104, 536,1117,1203,1724,1267, 685,1268, 508,1725,1726,1727,1728,1398,
+1399,1729,1730,1731, 141, 621, 326,1057, 368,1732, 267, 488,  20,1733,1269,1734,
+ 945,1400,1735,  47, 904,1270,1736,1737, 773, 248,1738, 409, 313, 786, 429,1739,
+ 116, 987, 813,1401, 683,  75,1204, 145,1740,1741,1742,1743,  16, 847, 667, 622,
+ 708,1744,1745,1746, 966, 787, 304, 129,1747,  60, 820, 123, 676,1748,1749,1750,
+1751, 617,1752, 626,1753,1754,1755,1756, 653,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762, 856,
+ 344,1763,1764,1765,1766,  89, 401, 418, 806, 905, 848,1767,1768,1769, 946,1205,
+ 709,1770,1118,1771, 241,1772,1773,1774,1271,1775, 569,1776, 999,1777,1778,1779,
+1780, 337, 751,1058,  28, 628, 254,1781, 177, 906, 270, 349, 891,1079,1782,  19,
+1783, 379,1784, 315,1785, 629, 754,1402, 559,1786, 636, 203,1206,1787, 710, 567,
+1788, 935, 814,1789,1790,1207, 766, 528,1791,1792,1208,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,
+1403,1798,1799, 533,1059,1404,1405,1156,1406, 936, 884,1080,1800, 351,1801,1802,
+1803,1804,1805, 801,1806,1807,1808,1119,1809,1157, 714, 474,1407,1810, 298, 899,
+ 885,1811,1120, 802,1158,1812, 892,1813,1814,1408, 659,1815,1816,1121,1817,1818,
+1819,1820,1821,1822, 319,1823, 594, 545,1824, 815, 937,1209,1825,1826, 573,1409,
+1022,1827,1210,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833, 556, 722, 807,1122,1060,1834, 697,
+1835, 900, 557, 715,1836,1410, 540,1411, 752,1159, 294, 597,1211, 976, 803, 770,
+1412,1837,1838,  39, 794,1413, 358,1839, 371, 925,1840, 453, 661, 788, 531, 723,
+ 544,1023,1081, 869,  91,1841, 392, 430, 790, 602,1414, 677,1082, 457,1415,1416,
+1842,1843, 475, 327,1024,1417, 795, 121,1844, 733, 403,1418,1845,1846,1847, 300,
+ 119, 711,1212, 627,1848,1272, 207,1849,1850, 796,1213, 382,1851, 519,1852,1083,
+ 893,1853,1854,1855, 367, 809, 487, 671,1856, 663,1857,1858, 956, 471, 306, 857,
+1859,1860,1160,1084,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1061,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,
+ 282,  96, 574,1872, 502,1085,1873,1214,1874, 907,1875,1876, 827, 977,1419,1420,
+1421, 268,1877,1422,1878,1879,1880, 308,1881,   2, 537,1882,1883,1215,1884,1885,
+ 127, 791,1886,1273,1423,1887,  34, 336, 404, 643,1888, 571, 654, 894, 840,1889,
+   0, 886,1274, 122, 575, 260, 908, 938,1890,1275, 410, 316,1891,1892, 100,1893,
+1894,1123,  48,1161,1124,1025,1895, 633, 901,1276,1896,1897, 115, 816,1898, 317,
+1899, 694,1900, 909, 734,1424, 572, 866,1425, 691,  85, 524,1010, 543, 394, 841,
+1901,1902,1903,1026,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,  30, 451, 651, 988, 310,1910,
+1911,1426, 810,1216,  93,1912,1913,1277,1217,1914, 858, 759,  45,  58, 181, 610,
+ 269,1915,1916, 131,1062, 551, 443,1000, 821,1427, 957, 895,1086,1917,1918, 375,
+1919, 359,1920, 687,1921, 822,1922, 293,1923,1924,  40, 662, 118, 692,  29, 939,
+ 887, 640, 482, 174,1925,  69,1162, 728,1428, 910,1926,1278,1218,1279, 386, 870,
+ 217, 854,1163, 823,1927,1928,1929,1930, 834,1931,  78,1932, 859,1933,1063,1934,
+1935,1936,1937, 438,1164, 208, 595,1938,1939,1940,1941,1219,1125,1942, 280, 888,
+1429,1430,1220,1431,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1280, 150, 510,1432,1948,1949,1950,
+1951,1952,1953,1954,1011,1087,1955,1433,1043,1956, 881,1957, 614, 958,1064,1065,
+1221,1958, 638,1001, 860, 967, 896,1434, 989, 492, 553,1281,1165,1959,1282,1002,
+1283,1222,1960,1961,1962,1963,  36, 383, 228, 753, 247, 454,1964, 876, 678,1965,
+1966,1284, 126, 464, 490, 835, 136, 672, 529, 940,1088,1435, 473,1967,1968, 467,
+  50, 390, 227, 587, 279, 378, 598, 792, 968, 240, 151, 160, 849, 882,1126,1285,
+ 639,1044, 133, 140, 288, 360, 811, 563,1027, 561, 142, 523,1969,1970,1971,   7,
+ 103, 296, 439, 407, 506, 634, 990,1972,1973,1974,1975, 645,1976,1977,1978,1979,
+1980,1981, 236,1982,1436,1983,1984,1089, 192, 828, 618, 518,1166, 333,1127,1985,
+ 818,1223,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993, 342,1128,1286, 746, 842,1994,
+1995, 560, 223,1287,  98,   8, 189, 650, 978,1288,1996,1437,1997,  17, 345, 250,
+ 423, 277, 234, 512, 226,  97, 289,  42, 167,1998, 201,1999,2000, 843, 836, 824,
+ 532, 338, 783,1090, 182, 576, 436,1438,1439, 527, 500,2001, 947, 889,2002,2003,
+2004,2005, 262, 600, 314, 447,2006, 547,2007, 693, 738,1129,2008,  71,1440, 745,
+ 619, 688,2009, 829,2010,2011, 147,2012,  33, 948,2013,2014,  74, 224,2015,  61,
+ 191, 918, 399, 637,2016,1028,1130, 257, 902,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,
+2024,2025,2026, 837,2027,2028,2029,2030, 179, 874, 591,  52, 724, 246,2031,2032,
+2033,2034,1167, 969,2035,1289, 630, 605, 911,1091,1168,2036,2037,2038,1441, 912,
+2039, 623,2040,2041, 253,1169,1290,2042,1442, 146, 620, 611, 577, 433,2043,1224,
+ 719,1170, 959, 440, 437, 534,  84, 388, 480,1131, 159, 220, 198, 679,2044,1012,
+ 819,1066,1443, 113,1225, 194, 318,1003,1029,2045,2046,2047,2048,1067,2049,2050,
+2051,2052,2053,  59, 913, 112,2054, 632,2055, 455, 144, 739,1291,2056, 273, 681,
+ 499,2057, 448,2058,2059, 760,2060,2061, 970, 384, 169, 245,1132,2062,2063, 414,
+1444,2064,2065,  41, 235,2066, 157, 252, 877, 568, 919, 789, 580,2067, 725,2068,
+2069,1292,2070,2071,1445,2072,1446,2073,2074,  55, 588,  66,1447, 271,1092,2075,
+1226,2076, 960,1013, 372,2077,2078,2079,2080,2081,1293,2082,2083,2084,2085, 850,
+2086,2087,2088,2089,2090, 186,2091,1068, 180,2092,2093,2094, 109,1227, 522, 606,
+2095, 867,1448,1093, 991,1171, 926, 353,1133,2096, 581,2097,2098,2099,1294,1449,
+1450,2100, 596,1172,1014,1228,2101,1451,1295,1173,1229,2102,2103,1296,1134,1452,
+ 949,1135,2104,2105,1094,1453,1454,1455,2106,1095,2107,2108,2109,2110,2111,2112,
+2113,2114,2115,2116,2117, 804,2118,2119,1230,1231, 805,1456, 405,1136,2120,2121,
+2122,2123,2124, 720, 701,1297, 992,1457, 927,1004,2125,2126,2127,2128,2129,2130,
+  22, 417,2131, 303,2132, 385,2133, 971, 520, 513,2134,1174,  73,1096, 231, 274,
+ 962,1458, 673,2135,1459,2136, 152,1137,2137,2138,2139,2140,1005,1138,1460,1139,
+2141,2142,2143,2144,  11, 374, 844,2145, 154,1232,  46,1461,2146, 838, 830, 721,
+1233, 106,2147,  90, 428, 462, 578, 566,1175, 352,2148,2149, 538,1234, 124,1298,
+2150,1462, 761, 565,2151, 686,2152, 649,2153,  72, 173,2154, 460, 415,2155,1463,
+2156,1235, 305,2157,2158,2159,2160,2161,2162, 579,2163,2164,2165,2166,2167, 747,
+2168,2169,2170,2171,1464, 669,2172,2173,2174,2175,2176,1465,2177,  23, 530, 285,
+2178, 335, 729,2179, 397,2180,2181,2182,1030,2183,2184, 698,2185,2186, 325,2187,
+2188, 369,2189, 799,1097,1015, 348,2190,1069, 680,2191, 851,1466,2192,2193,  10,
+2194, 613, 424,2195, 979, 108, 449, 589,  27, 172,  81,1031,  80, 774, 281, 350,
+1032, 525, 301, 582,1176,2196, 674,1045,2197,2198,1467, 730, 762,2199,2200,2201,
+2202,1468,2203, 993,2204,2205, 266,1070, 963,1140,2206,2207,2208, 664,1098, 972,
+2209,2210,2211,1177,1469,1470, 871,2212,2213,2214,2215,2216,1471,2217,2218,2219,
+2220,2221,2222,2223,2224,2225,2226,2227,1472,1236,2228,2229,2230,2231,2232,2233,
+2234,2235,1299,2236,2237, 200,2238, 477, 373,2239,2240, 731, 825, 777,2241,2242,
+2243, 521, 486, 548,2244,2245,2246,1473,1300,  53, 549, 137, 875,  76, 158,2247,
+1301,1474, 469, 396,1016, 278, 712,2248, 321, 442, 503, 767, 744, 941,1237,1178,
+1475,2249,  82, 178,1141,1179, 973,2250,1302,2251, 297,2252,2253, 570,2254,2255,
+2256,  18, 450, 206,2257, 290, 292,1142,2258, 511, 162,  99, 346, 164, 735,2259,
+1476,1477,   4, 554, 343, 798,1099,2260,1100,2261,  43, 171,1303, 139, 215,2262,
+2263, 717, 775,2264,1033, 322, 216,2265, 831,2266, 149,2267,1304,2268,2269, 702,
+1238, 135, 845, 347, 309,2270, 484,2271, 878, 655, 238,1006,1478,2272,  67,2273,
+ 295,2274,2275, 461,2276, 478, 942, 412,2277,1034,2278,2279,2280, 265,2281, 541,
+2282,2283,2284,2285,2286,  70, 852,1071,2287,2288,2289,2290,  21,  56, 509, 117,
+ 432,2291,2292, 331, 980, 552,1101, 148, 284, 105, 393,1180,1239, 755,2293, 187,
+2294,1046,1479,2295, 340,2296,  63,1047, 230,2297,2298,1305, 763,1306, 101, 800,
+ 808, 494,2299,2300,2301, 903,2302,  37,1072,  14,   5,2303,  79, 675,2304, 312,
+2305,2306,2307,2308,2309,1480,   6,1307,2310,2311,2312,   1, 470,  35,  24, 229,
+2313, 695, 210,  86, 778,  15, 784, 592, 779,  32,  77, 855, 964,2314, 259,2315,
+ 501, 380,2316,2317,  83, 981, 153, 689,1308,1481,1482,1483,2318,2319, 716,1484,
+2320,2321,2322,2323,2324,2325,1485,2326,2327, 128,  57,  68, 261,1048, 211, 170,
+1240,  31,2328,  51, 435, 742,2329,2330,2331, 635,2332, 264, 456,2333,2334,2335,
+ 425,2336,1486, 143, 507, 263, 943,2337, 363, 920,1487, 256,1488,1102, 243, 601,
+1489,2338,2339,2340,2341,2342,2343,2344, 861,2345,2346,2347,2348,2349,2350, 395,
+2351,1490,1491,  62, 535, 166, 225,2352,2353, 668, 419,1241, 138, 604, 928,2354,
+1181,2355,1492,1493,2356,2357,2358,1143,2359, 696,2360, 387, 307,1309, 682, 476,
+2361,2362, 332,  12, 222, 156,2363, 232,2364, 641, 276, 656, 517,1494,1495,1035,
+ 416, 736,1496,2365,1017, 586,2366,2367,2368,1497,2369, 242,2370,2371,2372,1498,
+2373, 965, 713,2374,2375,2376,2377, 740, 982,1499, 944,1500,1007,2378,2379,1310,
+1501,2380,2381,2382, 785, 329,2383,2384,1502,2385,2386,2387, 932,2388,1503,2389,
+2390,2391,2392,1242,2393,2394,2395,2396,2397, 994, 950,2398,2399,2400,2401,1504,
+1311,2402,2403,2404,2405,1049, 749,2406,2407, 853, 718,1144,1312,2408,1182,1505,
+2409,2410, 255, 516, 479, 564, 550, 214,1506,1507,1313, 413, 239, 444, 339,1145,
+1036,1508,1509,1314,1037,1510,1315,2411,1511,2412,2413,2414, 176, 703, 497, 624,
+ 593, 921, 302,2415, 341, 165,1103,1512,2416,1513,2417,2418,2419, 376,2420, 700,
+2421,2422,2423, 258, 768,1316,2424,1183,2425, 995, 608,2426,2427,2428,2429, 221,
+2430,2431,2432,2433,2434,2435,2436,2437, 195, 323, 726, 188, 897, 983,1317, 377,
+ 644,1050, 879,2438, 452,2439,2440,2441,2442,2443,2444, 914,2445,2446,2447,2448,
+ 915, 489,2449,1514,1184,2450,2451, 515,  64, 427, 495,2452, 583,2453, 483, 485,
+1038, 562, 213,1515, 748, 666,2454,2455,2456,2457, 334,2458, 780, 996,1008, 705,
+1243,2459,2460,2461,2462,2463, 114,2464, 493,1146, 366, 163,1516, 961,1104,2465,
+ 291,2466,1318,1105,2467,1517, 365,2468, 355, 951,1244,2469,1319,2470, 631,2471,
+2472, 218,1320, 364, 320, 756,1518,1519,1321,1520,1322,2473,2474,2475,2476, 997,
+2477,2478,2479,2480, 665,1185,2481, 916,1521,2482,2483,2484, 584, 684,2485,2486,
+ 797,2487,1051,1186,2488,2489,2490,1522,2491,2492, 370,2493,1039,1187,  65,2494,
+ 434, 205, 463,1188,2495, 125, 812, 391, 402, 826, 699, 286, 398, 155, 781, 771,
+ 585,2496, 590, 505,1073,2497, 599, 244, 219, 917,1018, 952, 646,1523,2498,1323,
+2499,2500,  49, 984, 354, 741,2501, 625,2502,1324,2503,1019, 190, 357, 757, 491,
+  95, 782, 868,2504,2505,2506,2507,2508,2509, 134,1524,1074, 422,1525, 898,2510,
+ 161,2511,2512,2513,2514, 769,2515,1526,2516,2517, 411,1325,2518, 472,1527,2519,
+2520,2521,2522,2523,2524, 985,2525,2526,2527,2528,2529,2530, 764,2531,1245,2532,
+2533,  25, 204, 311,2534, 496,2535,1052,2536,2537,2538,2539,2540,2541,2542, 199,
+ 704, 504, 468, 758, 657,1528, 196,  44, 839,1246, 272, 750,2543, 765, 862,2544,
+2545,1326,2546, 132, 615, 933,2547, 732,2548,2549,2550,1189,1529,2551, 283,1247,
+1053, 607, 929,2552,2553,2554, 930, 183, 872, 616,1040,1147,2555,1148,1020, 441,
+ 249,1075,2556,2557,2558, 466, 743,2559,2560,2561,  92, 514, 426, 420, 526,2562,
+2563,2564,2565,2566,2567,2568, 185,2569,2570,2571,2572, 776,1530, 658,2573, 362,
+2574, 361, 922,1076, 793,2575,2576,2577,2578,2579,2580,1531, 251,2581,2582,2583,
+2584,1532,  54, 612, 237,1327,2585,2586, 275, 408, 647, 111,2587,1533,1106, 465,
+   3, 458,   9,  38,2588, 107, 110, 890, 209,  26, 737, 498,2589,1534,2590, 431,
+ 202,  88,1535, 356, 287,1107, 660,1149,2591, 381,1536, 986,1150, 445,1248,1151,
+ 974,2592,2593, 846,2594, 446, 953, 184,1249,1250, 727,2595, 923, 193, 883,2596,
+2597,2598, 102, 324, 539, 817,2599, 421,1041,2600, 832,2601,  94, 175, 197, 406,
+2602, 459,2603,2604,2605,2606,2607, 330, 555,2608,2609,2610, 706,1108, 389,2611,
+2612,2613,2614, 233,2615, 833, 558, 931, 954,1251,2616,2617,1537, 546,2618,2619,
+1009,2620,2621,2622,1538, 690,1328,2623, 955,2624,1539,2625,2626, 772,2627,2628,
+2629,2630,2631, 924, 648, 863, 603,2632,2633, 934,1540, 864, 865,2634, 642,1042,
+ 670,1190,2635,2636,2637,2638, 168,2639, 652, 873, 542,1054,1541,2640,2641,2642,  # 512, 256
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fc5de0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euckrprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCKRDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import EUCKR_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class EUCKRProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(EUCKR_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCKRDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "EUC-KR"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Korean"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwfreq.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4900ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# EUCTW frequency table
+# Converted from big5 work
+# by Taiwan's Mandarin Promotion Council
+# <http:#www.edu.tw:81/mandr/>
+
+# 128  --> 0.42261
+# 256  --> 0.57851
+# 512  --> 0.74851
+# 1024 --> 0.89384
+# 2048 --> 0.97583
+#
+# Idea Distribution Ratio = 0.74851/(1-0.74851) =2.98
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512/(5401-512)=0.105
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio about 25% of Ideal one, still much higher than RDR
+
+EUCTW_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 0.75
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table
+EUCTW_TABLE_SIZE = 5376
+
+# fmt: off
+EUCTW_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+    1, 1800, 1506, 255, 1431, 198, 9, 82, 6, 7310, 177, 202, 3615, 1256, 2808, 110,  # 2742
+    3735, 33, 3241, 261, 76, 44, 2113, 16, 2931, 2184, 1176, 659, 3868, 26, 3404, 2643,  # 2758
+    1198, 3869, 3313, 4060, 410, 2211, 302, 590, 361, 1963, 8, 204, 58, 4296, 7311, 1931,  # 2774
+    63, 7312, 7313, 317, 1614, 75, 222, 159, 4061, 2412, 1480, 7314, 3500, 3068, 224, 2809,  # 2790
+    3616, 3, 10, 3870, 1471, 29, 2774, 1135, 2852, 1939, 873, 130, 3242, 1123, 312, 7315,  # 2806
+    4297, 2051, 507, 252, 682, 7316, 142, 1914, 124, 206, 2932, 34, 3501, 3173, 64, 604,  # 2822
+    7317, 2494, 1976, 1977, 155, 1990, 645, 641, 1606, 7318, 3405, 337, 72, 406, 7319, 80,  # 2838
+    630, 238, 3174, 1509, 263, 939, 1092, 2644, 756, 1440, 1094, 3406, 449, 69, 2969, 591,  # 2854
+    179, 2095, 471, 115, 2034, 1843, 60, 50, 2970, 134, 806, 1868, 734, 2035, 3407, 180,  # 2870
+    995, 1607, 156, 537, 2893, 688, 7320, 319, 1305, 779, 2144, 514, 2374, 298, 4298, 359,  # 2886
+    2495, 90, 2707, 1338, 663, 11, 906, 1099, 2545, 20, 2436, 182, 532, 1716, 7321, 732,  # 2902
+    1376, 4062, 1311, 1420, 3175, 25, 2312, 1056, 113, 399, 382, 1949, 242, 3408, 2467, 529,  # 2918
+    3243, 475, 1447, 3617, 7322, 117, 21, 656, 810, 1297, 2295, 2329, 3502, 7323, 126, 4063,  # 2934
+    706, 456, 150, 613, 4299, 71, 1118, 2036, 4064, 145, 3069, 85, 835, 486, 2114, 1246,  # 2950
+    1426, 428, 727, 1285, 1015, 800, 106, 623, 303, 1281, 7324, 2127, 2354, 347, 3736, 221,  # 2966
+    3503, 3110, 7325, 1955, 1153, 4065, 83, 296, 1199, 3070, 192, 624, 93, 7326, 822, 1897,  # 2982
+    2810, 3111, 795, 2064, 991, 1554, 1542, 1592, 27, 43, 2853, 859, 139, 1456, 860, 4300,  # 2998
+    437, 712, 3871, 164, 2392, 3112, 695, 211, 3017, 2096, 195, 3872, 1608, 3504, 3505, 3618,  # 3014
+    3873, 234, 811, 2971, 2097, 3874, 2229, 1441, 3506, 1615, 2375, 668, 2076, 1638, 305, 228,  # 3030
+    1664, 4301, 467, 415, 7327, 262, 2098, 1593, 239, 108, 300, 200, 1033, 512, 1247, 2077,  # 3046
+    7328, 7329, 2173, 3176, 3619, 2673, 593, 845, 1062, 3244, 88, 1723, 2037, 3875, 1950, 212,  # 3062
+    266, 152, 149, 468, 1898, 4066, 4302, 77, 187, 7330, 3018, 37, 5, 2972, 7331, 3876,  # 3078
+    7332, 7333, 39, 2517, 4303, 2894, 3177, 2078, 55, 148, 74, 4304, 545, 483, 1474, 1029,  # 3094
+    1665, 217, 1869, 1531, 3113, 1104, 2645, 4067, 24, 172, 3507, 900, 3877, 3508, 3509, 4305,  # 3110
+    32, 1408, 2811, 1312, 329, 487, 2355, 2247, 2708, 784, 2674, 4, 3019, 3314, 1427, 1788,  # 3126
+    188, 109, 499, 7334, 3620, 1717, 1789, 888, 1217, 3020, 4306, 7335, 3510, 7336, 3315, 1520,  # 3142
+    3621, 3878, 196, 1034, 775, 7337, 7338, 929, 1815, 249, 439, 38, 7339, 1063, 7340, 794,  # 3158
+    3879, 1435, 2296, 46, 178, 3245, 2065, 7341, 2376, 7342, 214, 1709, 4307, 804, 35, 707,  # 3174
+    324, 3622, 1601, 2546, 140, 459, 4068, 7343, 7344, 1365, 839, 272, 978, 2257, 2572, 3409,  # 3190
+    2128, 1363, 3623, 1423, 697, 100, 3071, 48, 70, 1231, 495, 3114, 2193, 7345, 1294, 7346,  # 3206
+    2079, 462, 586, 1042, 3246, 853, 256, 988, 185, 2377, 3410, 1698, 434, 1084, 7347, 3411,  # 3222
+    314, 2615, 2775, 4308, 2330, 2331, 569, 2280, 637, 1816, 2518, 757, 1162, 1878, 1616, 3412,  # 3238
+    287, 1577, 2115, 768, 4309, 1671, 2854, 3511, 2519, 1321, 3737, 909, 2413, 7348, 4069, 933,  # 3254
+    3738, 7349, 2052, 2356, 1222, 4310, 765, 2414, 1322, 786, 4311, 7350, 1919, 1462, 1677, 2895,  # 3270
+    1699, 7351, 4312, 1424, 2437, 3115, 3624, 2590, 3316, 1774, 1940, 3413, 3880, 4070, 309, 1369,  # 3286
+    1130, 2812, 364, 2230, 1653, 1299, 3881, 3512, 3882, 3883, 2646, 525, 1085, 3021, 902, 2000,  # 3302
+    1475, 964, 4313, 421, 1844, 1415, 1057, 2281, 940, 1364, 3116, 376, 4314, 4315, 1381, 7,  # 3318
+    2520, 983, 2378, 336, 1710, 2675, 1845, 321, 3414, 559, 1131, 3022, 2742, 1808, 1132, 1313,  # 3334
+    265, 1481, 1857, 7352, 352, 1203, 2813, 3247, 167, 1089, 420, 2814, 776, 792, 1724, 3513,  # 3350
+    4071, 2438, 3248, 7353, 4072, 7354, 446, 229, 333, 2743, 901, 3739, 1200, 1557, 4316, 2647,  # 3366
+    1920, 395, 2744, 2676, 3740, 4073, 1835, 125, 916, 3178, 2616, 4317, 7355, 7356, 3741, 7357,  # 3382
+    7358, 7359, 4318, 3117, 3625, 1133, 2547, 1757, 3415, 1510, 2313, 1409, 3514, 7360, 2145, 438,  # 3398
+    2591, 2896, 2379, 3317, 1068, 958, 3023, 461, 311, 2855, 2677, 4074, 1915, 3179, 4075, 1978,  # 3414
+    383, 750, 2745, 2617, 4076, 274, 539, 385, 1278, 1442, 7361, 1154, 1964, 384, 561, 210,  # 3430
+    98, 1295, 2548, 3515, 7362, 1711, 2415, 1482, 3416, 3884, 2897, 1257, 129, 7363, 3742, 642,  # 3446
+    523, 2776, 2777, 2648, 7364, 141, 2231, 1333, 68, 176, 441, 876, 907, 4077, 603, 2592,  # 3462
+    710, 171, 3417, 404, 549, 18, 3118, 2393, 1410, 3626, 1666, 7365, 3516, 4319, 2898, 4320,  # 3478
+    7366, 2973, 368, 7367, 146, 366, 99, 871, 3627, 1543, 748, 807, 1586, 1185, 22, 2258,  # 3494
+    379, 3743, 3180, 7368, 3181, 505, 1941, 2618, 1991, 1382, 2314, 7369, 380, 2357, 218, 702,  # 3510
+    1817, 1248, 3418, 3024, 3517, 3318, 3249, 7370, 2974, 3628, 930, 3250, 3744, 7371, 59, 7372,  # 3526
+    585, 601, 4078, 497, 3419, 1112, 1314, 4321, 1801, 7373, 1223, 1472, 2174, 7374, 749, 1836,  # 3542
+    690, 1899, 3745, 1772, 3885, 1476, 429, 1043, 1790, 2232, 2116, 917, 4079, 447, 1086, 1629,  # 3558
+    7375, 556, 7376, 7377, 2020, 1654, 844, 1090, 105, 550, 966, 1758, 2815, 1008, 1782, 686,  # 3574
+    1095, 7378, 2282, 793, 1602, 7379, 3518, 2593, 4322, 4080, 2933, 2297, 4323, 3746, 980, 2496,  # 3590
+    544, 353, 527, 4324, 908, 2678, 2899, 7380, 381, 2619, 1942, 1348, 7381, 1341, 1252, 560,  # 3606
+    3072, 7382, 3420, 2856, 7383, 2053, 973, 886, 2080, 143, 4325, 7384, 7385, 157, 3886, 496,  # 3622
+    4081, 57, 840, 540, 2038, 4326, 4327, 3421, 2117, 1445, 970, 2259, 1748, 1965, 2081, 4082,  # 3638
+    3119, 1234, 1775, 3251, 2816, 3629, 773, 1206, 2129, 1066, 2039, 1326, 3887, 1738, 1725, 4083,  # 3654
+    279, 3120, 51, 1544, 2594, 423, 1578, 2130, 2066, 173, 4328, 1879, 7386, 7387, 1583, 264,  # 3670
+    610, 3630, 4329, 2439, 280, 154, 7388, 7389, 7390, 1739, 338, 1282, 3073, 693, 2857, 1411,  # 3686
+    1074, 3747, 2440, 7391, 4330, 7392, 7393, 1240, 952, 2394, 7394, 2900, 1538, 2679, 685, 1483,  # 3702
+    4084, 2468, 1436, 953, 4085, 2054, 4331, 671, 2395, 79, 4086, 2441, 3252, 608, 567, 2680,  # 3718
+    3422, 4087, 4088, 1691, 393, 1261, 1791, 2396, 7395, 4332, 7396, 7397, 7398, 7399, 1383, 1672,  # 3734
+    3748, 3182, 1464, 522, 1119, 661, 1150, 216, 675, 4333, 3888, 1432, 3519, 609, 4334, 2681,  # 3750
+    2397, 7400, 7401, 7402, 4089, 3025, 0, 7403, 2469, 315, 231, 2442, 301, 3319, 4335, 2380,  # 3766
+    7404, 233, 4090, 3631, 1818, 4336, 4337, 7405, 96, 1776, 1315, 2082, 7406, 257, 7407, 1809,  # 3782
+    3632, 2709, 1139, 1819, 4091, 2021, 1124, 2163, 2778, 1777, 2649, 7408, 3074, 363, 1655, 3183,  # 3798
+    7409, 2975, 7410, 7411, 7412, 3889, 1567, 3890, 718, 103, 3184, 849, 1443, 341, 3320, 2934,  # 3814
+    1484, 7413, 1712, 127, 67, 339, 4092, 2398, 679, 1412, 821, 7414, 7415, 834, 738, 351,  # 3830
+    2976, 2146, 846, 235, 1497, 1880, 418, 1992, 3749, 2710, 186, 1100, 2147, 2746, 3520, 1545,  # 3846
+    1355, 2935, 2858, 1377, 583, 3891, 4093, 2573, 2977, 7416, 1298, 3633, 1078, 2549, 3634, 2358,  # 3862
+    78, 3750, 3751, 267, 1289, 2099, 2001, 1594, 4094, 348, 369, 1274, 2194, 2175, 1837, 4338,  # 3878
+    1820, 2817, 3635, 2747, 2283, 2002, 4339, 2936, 2748, 144, 3321, 882, 4340, 3892, 2749, 3423,  # 3894
+    4341, 2901, 7417, 4095, 1726, 320, 7418, 3893, 3026, 788, 2978, 7419, 2818, 1773, 1327, 2859,  # 3910
+    3894, 2819, 7420, 1306, 4342, 2003, 1700, 3752, 3521, 2359, 2650, 787, 2022, 506, 824, 3636,  # 3926
+    534, 323, 4343, 1044, 3322, 2023, 1900, 946, 3424, 7421, 1778, 1500, 1678, 7422, 1881, 4344,  # 3942
+    165, 243, 4345, 3637, 2521, 123, 683, 4096, 764, 4346, 36, 3895, 1792, 589, 2902, 816,  # 3958
+    626, 1667, 3027, 2233, 1639, 1555, 1622, 3753, 3896, 7423, 3897, 2860, 1370, 1228, 1932, 891,  # 3974
+    2083, 2903, 304, 4097, 7424, 292, 2979, 2711, 3522, 691, 2100, 4098, 1115, 4347, 118, 662,  # 3990
+    7425, 611, 1156, 854, 2381, 1316, 2861, 2, 386, 515, 2904, 7426, 7427, 3253, 868, 2234,  # 4006
+    1486, 855, 2651, 785, 2212, 3028, 7428, 1040, 3185, 3523, 7429, 3121, 448, 7430, 1525, 7431,  # 4022
+    2164, 4348, 7432, 3754, 7433, 4099, 2820, 3524, 3122, 503, 818, 3898, 3123, 1568, 814, 676,  # 4038
+    1444, 306, 1749, 7434, 3755, 1416, 1030, 197, 1428, 805, 2821, 1501, 4349, 7435, 7436, 7437,  # 4054
+    1993, 7438, 4350, 7439, 7440, 2195, 13, 2779, 3638, 2980, 3124, 1229, 1916, 7441, 3756, 2131,  # 4070
+    7442, 4100, 4351, 2399, 3525, 7443, 2213, 1511, 1727, 1120, 7444, 7445, 646, 3757, 2443, 307,  # 4086
+    7446, 7447, 1595, 3186, 7448, 7449, 7450, 3639, 1113, 1356, 3899, 1465, 2522, 2523, 7451, 519,  # 4102
+    7452, 128, 2132, 92, 2284, 1979, 7453, 3900, 1512, 342, 3125, 2196, 7454, 2780, 2214, 1980,  # 4118
+    3323, 7455, 290, 1656, 1317, 789, 827, 2360, 7456, 3758, 4352, 562, 581, 3901, 7457, 401,  # 4134
+    4353, 2248, 94, 4354, 1399, 2781, 7458, 1463, 2024, 4355, 3187, 1943, 7459, 828, 1105, 4101,  # 4150
+    1262, 1394, 7460, 4102, 605, 4356, 7461, 1783, 2862, 7462, 2822, 819, 2101, 578, 2197, 2937,  # 4166
+    7463, 1502, 436, 3254, 4103, 3255, 2823, 3902, 2905, 3425, 3426, 7464, 2712, 2315, 7465, 7466,  # 4182
+    2332, 2067, 23, 4357, 193, 826, 3759, 2102, 699, 1630, 4104, 3075, 390, 1793, 1064, 3526,  # 4198
+    7467, 1579, 3076, 3077, 1400, 7468, 4105, 1838, 1640, 2863, 7469, 4358, 4359, 137, 4106, 598,  # 4214
+    3078, 1966, 780, 104, 974, 2938, 7470, 278, 899, 253, 402, 572, 504, 493, 1339, 7471,  # 4230
+    3903, 1275, 4360, 2574, 2550, 7472, 3640, 3029, 3079, 2249, 565, 1334, 2713, 863, 41, 7473,  # 4246
+    7474, 4361, 7475, 1657, 2333, 19, 463, 2750, 4107, 606, 7476, 2981, 3256, 1087, 2084, 1323,  # 4262
+    2652, 2982, 7477, 1631, 1623, 1750, 4108, 2682, 7478, 2864, 791, 2714, 2653, 2334, 232, 2416,  # 4278
+    7479, 2983, 1498, 7480, 2654, 2620, 755, 1366, 3641, 3257, 3126, 2025, 1609, 119, 1917, 3427,  # 4294
+    862, 1026, 4109, 7481, 3904, 3760, 4362, 3905, 4363, 2260, 1951, 2470, 7482, 1125, 817, 4110,  # 4310
+    4111, 3906, 1513, 1766, 2040, 1487, 4112, 3030, 3258, 2824, 3761, 3127, 7483, 7484, 1507, 7485,  # 4326
+    2683, 733, 40, 1632, 1106, 2865, 345, 4113, 841, 2524, 230, 4364, 2984, 1846, 3259, 3428,  # 4342
+    7486, 1263, 986, 3429, 7487, 735, 879, 254, 1137, 857, 622, 1300, 1180, 1388, 1562, 3907,  # 4358
+    3908, 2939, 967, 2751, 2655, 1349, 592, 2133, 1692, 3324, 2985, 1994, 4114, 1679, 3909, 1901,  # 4374
+    2185, 7488, 739, 3642, 2715, 1296, 1290, 7489, 4115, 2198, 2199, 1921, 1563, 2595, 2551, 1870,  # 4390
+    2752, 2986, 7490, 435, 7491, 343, 1108, 596, 17, 1751, 4365, 2235, 3430, 3643, 7492, 4366,  # 4406
+    294, 3527, 2940, 1693, 477, 979, 281, 2041, 3528, 643, 2042, 3644, 2621, 2782, 2261, 1031,  # 4422
+    2335, 2134, 2298, 3529, 4367, 367, 1249, 2552, 7493, 3530, 7494, 4368, 1283, 3325, 2004, 240,  # 4438
+    1762, 3326, 4369, 4370, 836, 1069, 3128, 474, 7495, 2148, 2525, 268, 3531, 7496, 3188, 1521,  # 4454
+    1284, 7497, 1658, 1546, 4116, 7498, 3532, 3533, 7499, 4117, 3327, 2684, 1685, 4118, 961, 1673,  # 4470
+    2622, 190, 2005, 2200, 3762, 4371, 4372, 7500, 570, 2497, 3645, 1490, 7501, 4373, 2623, 3260,  # 4486
+    1956, 4374, 584, 1514, 396, 1045, 1944, 7502, 4375, 1967, 2444, 7503, 7504, 4376, 3910, 619,  # 4502
+    7505, 3129, 3261, 215, 2006, 2783, 2553, 3189, 4377, 3190, 4378, 763, 4119, 3763, 4379, 7506,  # 4518
+    7507, 1957, 1767, 2941, 3328, 3646, 1174, 452, 1477, 4380, 3329, 3130, 7508, 2825, 1253, 2382,  # 4534
+    2186, 1091, 2285, 4120, 492, 7509, 638, 1169, 1824, 2135, 1752, 3911, 648, 926, 1021, 1324,  # 4550
+    4381, 520, 4382, 997, 847, 1007, 892, 4383, 3764, 2262, 1871, 3647, 7510, 2400, 1784, 4384,  # 4566
+    1952, 2942, 3080, 3191, 1728, 4121, 2043, 3648, 4385, 2007, 1701, 3131, 1551, 30, 2263, 4122,  # 4582
+    7511, 2026, 4386, 3534, 7512, 501, 7513, 4123, 594, 3431, 2165, 1821, 3535, 3432, 3536, 3192,  # 4598
+    829, 2826, 4124, 7514, 1680, 3132, 1225, 4125, 7515, 3262, 4387, 4126, 3133, 2336, 7516, 4388,  # 4614
+    4127, 7517, 3912, 3913, 7518, 1847, 2383, 2596, 3330, 7519, 4389, 374, 3914, 652, 4128, 4129,  # 4630
+    375, 1140, 798, 7520, 7521, 7522, 2361, 4390, 2264, 546, 1659, 138, 3031, 2445, 4391, 7523,  # 4646
+    2250, 612, 1848, 910, 796, 3765, 1740, 1371, 825, 3766, 3767, 7524, 2906, 2554, 7525, 692,  # 4662
+    444, 3032, 2624, 801, 4392, 4130, 7526, 1491, 244, 1053, 3033, 4131, 4132, 340, 7527, 3915,  # 4678
+    1041, 2987, 293, 1168, 87, 1357, 7528, 1539, 959, 7529, 2236, 721, 694, 4133, 3768, 219,  # 4694
+    1478, 644, 1417, 3331, 2656, 1413, 1401, 1335, 1389, 3916, 7530, 7531, 2988, 2362, 3134, 1825,  # 4710
+    730, 1515, 184, 2827, 66, 4393, 7532, 1660, 2943, 246, 3332, 378, 1457, 226, 3433, 975,  # 4726
+    3917, 2944, 1264, 3537, 674, 696, 7533, 163, 7534, 1141, 2417, 2166, 713, 3538, 3333, 4394,  # 4742
+    3918, 7535, 7536, 1186, 15, 7537, 1079, 1070, 7538, 1522, 3193, 3539, 276, 1050, 2716, 758,  # 4758
+    1126, 653, 2945, 3263, 7539, 2337, 889, 3540, 3919, 3081, 2989, 903, 1250, 4395, 3920, 3434,  # 4774
+    3541, 1342, 1681, 1718, 766, 3264, 286, 89, 2946, 3649, 7540, 1713, 7541, 2597, 3334, 2990,  # 4790
+    7542, 2947, 2215, 3194, 2866, 7543, 4396, 2498, 2526, 181, 387, 1075, 3921, 731, 2187, 3335,  # 4806
+    7544, 3265, 310, 313, 3435, 2299, 770, 4134, 54, 3034, 189, 4397, 3082, 3769, 3922, 7545,  # 4822
+    1230, 1617, 1849, 355, 3542, 4135, 4398, 3336, 111, 4136, 3650, 1350, 3135, 3436, 3035, 4137,  # 4838
+    2149, 3266, 3543, 7546, 2784, 3923, 3924, 2991, 722, 2008, 7547, 1071, 247, 1207, 2338, 2471,  # 4854
+    1378, 4399, 2009, 864, 1437, 1214, 4400, 373, 3770, 1142, 2216, 667, 4401, 442, 2753, 2555,  # 4870
+    3771, 3925, 1968, 4138, 3267, 1839, 837, 170, 1107, 934, 1336, 1882, 7548, 7549, 2118, 4139,  # 4886
+    2828, 743, 1569, 7550, 4402, 4140, 582, 2384, 1418, 3437, 7551, 1802, 7552, 357, 1395, 1729,  # 4902
+    3651, 3268, 2418, 1564, 2237, 7553, 3083, 3772, 1633, 4403, 1114, 2085, 4141, 1532, 7554, 482,  # 4918
+    2446, 4404, 7555, 7556, 1492, 833, 1466, 7557, 2717, 3544, 1641, 2829, 7558, 1526, 1272, 3652,  # 4934
+    4142, 1686, 1794, 416, 2556, 1902, 1953, 1803, 7559, 3773, 2785, 3774, 1159, 2316, 7560, 2867,  # 4950
+    4405, 1610, 1584, 3036, 2419, 2754, 443, 3269, 1163, 3136, 7561, 7562, 3926, 7563, 4143, 2499,  # 4966
+    3037, 4406, 3927, 3137, 2103, 1647, 3545, 2010, 1872, 4144, 7564, 4145, 431, 3438, 7565, 250,  # 4982
+    97, 81, 4146, 7566, 1648, 1850, 1558, 160, 848, 7567, 866, 740, 1694, 7568, 2201, 2830,  # 4998
+    3195, 4147, 4407, 3653, 1687, 950, 2472, 426, 469, 3196, 3654, 3655, 3928, 7569, 7570, 1188,  # 5014
+    424, 1995, 861, 3546, 4148, 3775, 2202, 2685, 168, 1235, 3547, 4149, 7571, 2086, 1674, 4408,  # 5030
+    3337, 3270, 220, 2557, 1009, 7572, 3776, 670, 2992, 332, 1208, 717, 7573, 7574, 3548, 2447,  # 5046
+    3929, 3338, 7575, 513, 7576, 1209, 2868, 3339, 3138, 4409, 1080, 7577, 7578, 7579, 7580, 2527,  # 5062
+    3656, 3549, 815, 1587, 3930, 3931, 7581, 3550, 3439, 3777, 1254, 4410, 1328, 3038, 1390, 3932,  # 5078
+    1741, 3933, 3778, 3934, 7582, 236, 3779, 2448, 3271, 7583, 7584, 3657, 3780, 1273, 3781, 4411,  # 5094
+    7585, 308, 7586, 4412, 245, 4413, 1851, 2473, 1307, 2575, 430, 715, 2136, 2449, 7587, 270,  # 5110
+    199, 2869, 3935, 7588, 3551, 2718, 1753, 761, 1754, 725, 1661, 1840, 4414, 3440, 3658, 7589,  # 5126
+    7590, 587, 14, 3272, 227, 2598, 326, 480, 2265, 943, 2755, 3552, 291, 650, 1883, 7591,  # 5142
+    1702, 1226, 102, 1547, 62, 3441, 904, 4415, 3442, 1164, 4150, 7592, 7593, 1224, 1548, 2756,  # 5158
+    391, 498, 1493, 7594, 1386, 1419, 7595, 2055, 1177, 4416, 813, 880, 1081, 2363, 566, 1145,  # 5174
+    4417, 2286, 1001, 1035, 2558, 2599, 2238, 394, 1286, 7596, 7597, 2068, 7598, 86, 1494, 1730,  # 5190
+    3936, 491, 1588, 745, 897, 2948, 843, 3340, 3937, 2757, 2870, 3273, 1768, 998, 2217, 2069,  # 5206
+    397, 1826, 1195, 1969, 3659, 2993, 3341, 284, 7599, 3782, 2500, 2137, 2119, 1903, 7600, 3938,  # 5222
+    2150, 3939, 4151, 1036, 3443, 1904, 114, 2559, 4152, 209, 1527, 7601, 7602, 2949, 2831, 2625,  # 5238
+    2385, 2719, 3139, 812, 2560, 7603, 3274, 7604, 1559, 737, 1884, 3660, 1210, 885, 28, 2686,  # 5254
+    3553, 3783, 7605, 4153, 1004, 1779, 4418, 7606, 346, 1981, 2218, 2687, 4419, 3784, 1742, 797,  # 5270
+    1642, 3940, 1933, 1072, 1384, 2151, 896, 3941, 3275, 3661, 3197, 2871, 3554, 7607, 2561, 1958,  # 5286
+    4420, 2450, 1785, 7608, 7609, 7610, 3942, 4154, 1005, 1308, 3662, 4155, 2720, 4421, 4422, 1528,  # 5302
+    2600, 161, 1178, 4156, 1982, 987, 4423, 1101, 4157, 631, 3943, 1157, 3198, 2420, 1343, 1241,  # 5318
+    1016, 2239, 2562, 372, 877, 2339, 2501, 1160, 555, 1934, 911, 3944, 7611, 466, 1170, 169,  # 5334
+    1051, 2907, 2688, 3663, 2474, 2994, 1182, 2011, 2563, 1251, 2626, 7612, 992, 2340, 3444, 1540,  # 5350
+    2721, 1201, 2070, 2401, 1996, 2475, 7613, 4424, 528, 1922, 2188, 1503, 1873, 1570, 2364, 3342,  # 5366
+    3276, 7614, 557, 1073, 7615, 1827, 3445, 2087, 2266, 3140, 3039, 3084, 767, 3085, 2786, 4425,  # 5382
+    1006, 4158, 4426, 2341, 1267, 2176, 3664, 3199, 778, 3945, 3200, 2722, 1597, 2657, 7616, 4427,  # 5398
+    7617, 3446, 7618, 7619, 7620, 3277, 2689, 1433, 3278, 131, 95, 1504, 3946, 723, 4159, 3141,  # 5414
+    1841, 3555, 2758, 2189, 3947, 2027, 2104, 3665, 7621, 2995, 3948, 1218, 7622, 3343, 3201, 3949,  # 5430
+    4160, 2576, 248, 1634, 3785, 912, 7623, 2832, 3666, 3040, 3786, 654, 53, 7624, 2996, 7625,  # 5446
+    1688, 4428, 777, 3447, 1032, 3950, 1425, 7626, 191, 820, 2120, 2833, 971, 4429, 931, 3202,  # 5462
+    135, 664, 783, 3787, 1997, 772, 2908, 1935, 3951, 3788, 4430, 2909, 3203, 282, 2723, 640,  # 5478
+    1372, 3448, 1127, 922, 325, 3344, 7627, 7628, 711, 2044, 7629, 7630, 3952, 2219, 2787, 1936,  # 5494
+    3953, 3345, 2220, 2251, 3789, 2300, 7631, 4431, 3790, 1258, 3279, 3954, 3204, 2138, 2950, 3955,  # 5510
+    3956, 7632, 2221, 258, 3205, 4432, 101, 1227, 7633, 3280, 1755, 7634, 1391, 3281, 7635, 2910,  # 5526
+    2056, 893, 7636, 7637, 7638, 1402, 4161, 2342, 7639, 7640, 3206, 3556, 7641, 7642, 878, 1325,  # 5542
+    1780, 2788, 4433, 259, 1385, 2577, 744, 1183, 2267, 4434, 7643, 3957, 2502, 7644, 684, 1024,  # 5558
+    4162, 7645, 472, 3557, 3449, 1165, 3282, 3958, 3959, 322, 2152, 881, 455, 1695, 1152, 1340,  # 5574
+    660, 554, 2153, 4435, 1058, 4436, 4163, 830, 1065, 3346, 3960, 4437, 1923, 7646, 1703, 1918,  # 5590
+    7647, 932, 2268, 122, 7648, 4438, 947, 677, 7649, 3791, 2627, 297, 1905, 1924, 2269, 4439,  # 5606
+    2317, 3283, 7650, 7651, 4164, 7652, 4165, 84, 4166, 112, 989, 7653, 547, 1059, 3961, 701,  # 5622
+    3558, 1019, 7654, 4167, 7655, 3450, 942, 639, 457, 2301, 2451, 993, 2951, 407, 851, 494,  # 5638
+    4440, 3347, 927, 7656, 1237, 7657, 2421, 3348, 573, 4168, 680, 921, 2911, 1279, 1874, 285,  # 5654
+    790, 1448, 1983, 719, 2167, 7658, 7659, 4441, 3962, 3963, 1649, 7660, 1541, 563, 7661, 1077,  # 5670
+    7662, 3349, 3041, 3451, 511, 2997, 3964, 3965, 3667, 3966, 1268, 2564, 3350, 3207, 4442, 4443,  # 5686
+    7663, 535, 1048, 1276, 1189, 2912, 2028, 3142, 1438, 1373, 2834, 2952, 1134, 2012, 7664, 4169,  # 5702
+    1238, 2578, 3086, 1259, 7665, 700, 7666, 2953, 3143, 3668, 4170, 7667, 4171, 1146, 1875, 1906,  # 5718
+    4444, 2601, 3967, 781, 2422, 132, 1589, 203, 147, 273, 2789, 2402, 898, 1786, 2154, 3968,  # 5734
+    3969, 7668, 3792, 2790, 7669, 7670, 4445, 4446, 7671, 3208, 7672, 1635, 3793, 965, 7673, 1804,  # 5750
+    2690, 1516, 3559, 1121, 1082, 1329, 3284, 3970, 1449, 3794, 65, 1128, 2835, 2913, 2759, 1590,  # 5766
+    3795, 7674, 7675, 12, 2658, 45, 976, 2579, 3144, 4447, 517, 2528, 1013, 1037, 3209, 7676,  # 5782
+    3796, 2836, 7677, 3797, 7678, 3452, 7679, 2602, 614, 1998, 2318, 3798, 3087, 2724, 2628, 7680,  # 5798
+    2580, 4172, 599, 1269, 7681, 1810, 3669, 7682, 2691, 3088, 759, 1060, 489, 1805, 3351, 3285,  # 5814
+    1358, 7683, 7684, 2386, 1387, 1215, 2629, 2252, 490, 7685, 7686, 4173, 1759, 2387, 2343, 7687,  # 5830
+    4448, 3799, 1907, 3971, 2630, 1806, 3210, 4449, 3453, 3286, 2760, 2344, 874, 7688, 7689, 3454,  # 5846
+    3670, 1858, 91, 2914, 3671, 3042, 3800, 4450, 7690, 3145, 3972, 2659, 7691, 3455, 1202, 1403,  # 5862
+    3801, 2954, 2529, 1517, 2503, 4451, 3456, 2504, 7692, 4452, 7693, 2692, 1885, 1495, 1731, 3973,  # 5878
+    2365, 4453, 7694, 2029, 7695, 7696, 3974, 2693, 1216, 237, 2581, 4174, 2319, 3975, 3802, 4454,  # 5894
+    4455, 2694, 3560, 3457, 445, 4456, 7697, 7698, 7699, 7700, 2761, 61, 3976, 3672, 1822, 3977,  # 5910
+    7701, 687, 2045, 935, 925, 405, 2660, 703, 1096, 1859, 2725, 4457, 3978, 1876, 1367, 2695,  # 5926
+    3352, 918, 2105, 1781, 2476, 334, 3287, 1611, 1093, 4458, 564, 3146, 3458, 3673, 3353, 945,  # 5942
+    2631, 2057, 4459, 7702, 1925, 872, 4175, 7703, 3459, 2696, 3089, 349, 4176, 3674, 3979, 4460,  # 5958
+    3803, 4177, 3675, 2155, 3980, 4461, 4462, 4178, 4463, 2403, 2046, 782, 3981, 400, 251, 4179,  # 5974
+    1624, 7704, 7705, 277, 3676, 299, 1265, 476, 1191, 3804, 2121, 4180, 4181, 1109, 205, 7706,  # 5990
+    2582, 1000, 2156, 3561, 1860, 7707, 7708, 7709, 4464, 7710, 4465, 2565, 107, 2477, 2157, 3982,  # 6006
+    3460, 3147, 7711, 1533, 541, 1301, 158, 753, 4182, 2872, 3562, 7712, 1696, 370, 1088, 4183,  # 6022
+    4466, 3563, 579, 327, 440, 162, 2240, 269, 1937, 1374, 3461, 968, 3043, 56, 1396, 3090,  # 6038
+    2106, 3288, 3354, 7713, 1926, 2158, 4467, 2998, 7714, 3564, 7715, 7716, 3677, 4468, 2478, 7717,  # 6054
+    2791, 7718, 1650, 4469, 7719, 2603, 7720, 7721, 3983, 2661, 3355, 1149, 3356, 3984, 3805, 3985,  # 6070
+    7722, 1076, 49, 7723, 951, 3211, 3289, 3290, 450, 2837, 920, 7724, 1811, 2792, 2366, 4184,  # 6086
+    1908, 1138, 2367, 3806, 3462, 7725, 3212, 4470, 1909, 1147, 1518, 2423, 4471, 3807, 7726, 4472,  # 6102
+    2388, 2604, 260, 1795, 3213, 7727, 7728, 3808, 3291, 708, 7729, 3565, 1704, 7730, 3566, 1351,  # 6118
+    1618, 3357, 2999, 1886, 944, 4185, 3358, 4186, 3044, 3359, 4187, 7731, 3678, 422, 413, 1714,  # 6134
+    3292, 500, 2058, 2345, 4188, 2479, 7732, 1344, 1910, 954, 7733, 1668, 7734, 7735, 3986, 2404,  # 6150
+    4189, 3567, 3809, 4190, 7736, 2302, 1318, 2505, 3091, 133, 3092, 2873, 4473, 629, 31, 2838,  # 6166
+    2697, 3810, 4474, 850, 949, 4475, 3987, 2955, 1732, 2088, 4191, 1496, 1852, 7737, 3988, 620,  # 6182
+    3214, 981, 1242, 3679, 3360, 1619, 3680, 1643, 3293, 2139, 2452, 1970, 1719, 3463, 2168, 7738,  # 6198
+    3215, 7739, 7740, 3361, 1828, 7741, 1277, 4476, 1565, 2047, 7742, 1636, 3568, 3093, 7743, 869,  # 6214
+    2839, 655, 3811, 3812, 3094, 3989, 3000, 3813, 1310, 3569, 4477, 7744, 7745, 7746, 1733, 558,  # 6230
+    4478, 3681, 335, 1549, 3045, 1756, 4192, 3682, 1945, 3464, 1829, 1291, 1192, 470, 2726, 2107,  # 6246
+    2793, 913, 1054, 3990, 7747, 1027, 7748, 3046, 3991, 4479, 982, 2662, 3362, 3148, 3465, 3216,  # 6262
+    3217, 1946, 2794, 7749, 571, 4480, 7750, 1830, 7751, 3570, 2583, 1523, 2424, 7752, 2089, 984,  # 6278
+    4481, 3683, 1959, 7753, 3684, 852, 923, 2795, 3466, 3685, 969, 1519, 999, 2048, 2320, 1705,  # 6294
+    7754, 3095, 615, 1662, 151, 597, 3992, 2405, 2321, 1049, 275, 4482, 3686, 4193, 568, 3687,  # 6310
+    3571, 2480, 4194, 3688, 7755, 2425, 2270, 409, 3218, 7756, 1566, 2874, 3467, 1002, 769, 2840,  # 6326
+    194, 2090, 3149, 3689, 2222, 3294, 4195, 628, 1505, 7757, 7758, 1763, 2177, 3001, 3993, 521,  # 6342
+    1161, 2584, 1787, 2203, 2406, 4483, 3994, 1625, 4196, 4197, 412, 42, 3096, 464, 7759, 2632,  # 6358
+    4484, 3363, 1760, 1571, 2875, 3468, 2530, 1219, 2204, 3814, 2633, 2140, 2368, 4485, 4486, 3295,  # 6374
+    1651, 3364, 3572, 7760, 7761, 3573, 2481, 3469, 7762, 3690, 7763, 7764, 2271, 2091, 460, 7765,  # 6390
+    4487, 7766, 3002, 962, 588, 3574, 289, 3219, 2634, 1116, 52, 7767, 3047, 1796, 7768, 7769,  # 6406
+    7770, 1467, 7771, 1598, 1143, 3691, 4198, 1984, 1734, 1067, 4488, 1280, 3365, 465, 4489, 1572,  # 6422
+    510, 7772, 1927, 2241, 1812, 1644, 3575, 7773, 4490, 3692, 7774, 7775, 2663, 1573, 1534, 7776,  # 6438
+    7777, 4199, 536, 1807, 1761, 3470, 3815, 3150, 2635, 7778, 7779, 7780, 4491, 3471, 2915, 1911,  # 6454
+    2796, 7781, 3296, 1122, 377, 3220, 7782, 360, 7783, 7784, 4200, 1529, 551, 7785, 2059, 3693,  # 6470
+    1769, 2426, 7786, 2916, 4201, 3297, 3097, 2322, 2108, 2030, 4492, 1404, 136, 1468, 1479, 672,  # 6486
+    1171, 3221, 2303, 271, 3151, 7787, 2762, 7788, 2049, 678, 2727, 865, 1947, 4493, 7789, 2013,  # 6502
+    3995, 2956, 7790, 2728, 2223, 1397, 3048, 3694, 4494, 4495, 1735, 2917, 3366, 3576, 7791, 3816,  # 6518
+    509, 2841, 2453, 2876, 3817, 7792, 7793, 3152, 3153, 4496, 4202, 2531, 4497, 2304, 1166, 1010,  # 6534
+    552, 681, 1887, 7794, 7795, 2957, 2958, 3996, 1287, 1596, 1861, 3154, 358, 453, 736, 175,  # 6550
+    478, 1117, 905, 1167, 1097, 7796, 1853, 1530, 7797, 1706, 7798, 2178, 3472, 2287, 3695, 3473,  # 6566
+    3577, 4203, 2092, 4204, 7799, 3367, 1193, 2482, 4205, 1458, 2190, 2205, 1862, 1888, 1421, 3298,  # 6582
+    2918, 3049, 2179, 3474, 595, 2122, 7800, 3997, 7801, 7802, 4206, 1707, 2636, 223, 3696, 1359,  # 6598
+    751, 3098, 183, 3475, 7803, 2797, 3003, 419, 2369, 633, 704, 3818, 2389, 241, 7804, 7805,  # 6614
+    7806, 838, 3004, 3697, 2272, 2763, 2454, 3819, 1938, 2050, 3998, 1309, 3099, 2242, 1181, 7807,  # 6630
+    1136, 2206, 3820, 2370, 1446, 4207, 2305, 4498, 7808, 7809, 4208, 1055, 2605, 484, 3698, 7810,  # 6646
+    3999, 625, 4209, 2273, 3368, 1499, 4210, 4000, 7811, 4001, 4211, 3222, 2274, 2275, 3476, 7812,  # 6662
+    7813, 2764, 808, 2606, 3699, 3369, 4002, 4212, 3100, 2532, 526, 3370, 3821, 4213, 955, 7814,  # 6678
+    1620, 4214, 2637, 2427, 7815, 1429, 3700, 1669, 1831, 994, 928, 7816, 3578, 1260, 7817, 7818,  # 6694
+    7819, 1948, 2288, 741, 2919, 1626, 4215, 2729, 2455, 867, 1184, 362, 3371, 1392, 7820, 7821,  # 6710
+    4003, 4216, 1770, 1736, 3223, 2920, 4499, 4500, 1928, 2698, 1459, 1158, 7822, 3050, 3372, 2877,  # 6726
+    1292, 1929, 2506, 2842, 3701, 1985, 1187, 2071, 2014, 2607, 4217, 7823, 2566, 2507, 2169, 3702,  # 6742
+    2483, 3299, 7824, 3703, 4501, 7825, 7826, 666, 1003, 3005, 1022, 3579, 4218, 7827, 4502, 1813,  # 6758
+    2253, 574, 3822, 1603, 295, 1535, 705, 3823, 4219, 283, 858, 417, 7828, 7829, 3224, 4503,  # 6774
+    4504, 3051, 1220, 1889, 1046, 2276, 2456, 4004, 1393, 1599, 689, 2567, 388, 4220, 7830, 2484,  # 6790
+    802, 7831, 2798, 3824, 2060, 1405, 2254, 7832, 4505, 3825, 2109, 1052, 1345, 3225, 1585, 7833,  # 6806
+    809, 7834, 7835, 7836, 575, 2730, 3477, 956, 1552, 1469, 1144, 2323, 7837, 2324, 1560, 2457,  # 6822
+    3580, 3226, 4005, 616, 2207, 3155, 2180, 2289, 7838, 1832, 7839, 3478, 4506, 7840, 1319, 3704,  # 6838
+    3705, 1211, 3581, 1023, 3227, 1293, 2799, 7841, 7842, 7843, 3826, 607, 2306, 3827, 762, 2878,  # 6854
+    1439, 4221, 1360, 7844, 1485, 3052, 7845, 4507, 1038, 4222, 1450, 2061, 2638, 4223, 1379, 4508,  # 6870
+    2585, 7846, 7847, 4224, 1352, 1414, 2325, 2921, 1172, 7848, 7849, 3828, 3829, 7850, 1797, 1451,  # 6886
+    7851, 7852, 7853, 7854, 2922, 4006, 4007, 2485, 2346, 411, 4008, 4009, 3582, 3300, 3101, 4509,  # 6902
+    1561, 2664, 1452, 4010, 1375, 7855, 7856, 47, 2959, 316, 7857, 1406, 1591, 2923, 3156, 7858,  # 6918
+    1025, 2141, 3102, 3157, 354, 2731, 884, 2224, 4225, 2407, 508, 3706, 726, 3583, 996, 2428,  # 6934
+    3584, 729, 7859, 392, 2191, 1453, 4011, 4510, 3707, 7860, 7861, 2458, 3585, 2608, 1675, 2800,  # 6950
+    919, 2347, 2960, 2348, 1270, 4511, 4012, 73, 7862, 7863, 647, 7864, 3228, 2843, 2255, 1550,  # 6966
+    1346, 3006, 7865, 1332, 883, 3479, 7866, 7867, 7868, 7869, 3301, 2765, 7870, 1212, 831, 1347,  # 6982
+    4226, 4512, 2326, 3830, 1863, 3053, 720, 3831, 4513, 4514, 3832, 7871, 4227, 7872, 7873, 4515,  # 6998
+    7874, 7875, 1798, 4516, 3708, 2609, 4517, 3586, 1645, 2371, 7876, 7877, 2924, 669, 2208, 2665,  # 7014
+    2429, 7878, 2879, 7879, 7880, 1028, 3229, 7881, 4228, 2408, 7882, 2256, 1353, 7883, 7884, 4518,  # 7030
+    3158, 518, 7885, 4013, 7886, 4229, 1960, 7887, 2142, 4230, 7888, 7889, 3007, 2349, 2350, 3833,  # 7046
+    516, 1833, 1454, 4014, 2699, 4231, 4519, 2225, 2610, 1971, 1129, 3587, 7890, 2766, 7891, 2961,  # 7062
+    1422, 577, 1470, 3008, 1524, 3373, 7892, 7893, 432, 4232, 3054, 3480, 7894, 2586, 1455, 2508,  # 7078
+    2226, 1972, 1175, 7895, 1020, 2732, 4015, 3481, 4520, 7896, 2733, 7897, 1743, 1361, 3055, 3482,  # 7094
+    2639, 4016, 4233, 4521, 2290, 895, 924, 4234, 2170, 331, 2243, 3056, 166, 1627, 3057, 1098,  # 7110
+    7898, 1232, 2880, 2227, 3374, 4522, 657, 403, 1196, 2372, 542, 3709, 3375, 1600, 4235, 3483,  # 7126
+    7899, 4523, 2767, 3230, 576, 530, 1362, 7900, 4524, 2533, 2666, 3710, 4017, 7901, 842, 3834,  # 7142
+    7902, 2801, 2031, 1014, 4018, 213, 2700, 3376, 665, 621, 4236, 7903, 3711, 2925, 2430, 7904,  # 7158
+    2431, 3302, 3588, 3377, 7905, 4237, 2534, 4238, 4525, 3589, 1682, 4239, 3484, 1380, 7906, 724,  # 7174
+    2277, 600, 1670, 7907, 1337, 1233, 4526, 3103, 2244, 7908, 1621, 4527, 7909, 651, 4240, 7910,  # 7190
+    1612, 4241, 2611, 7911, 2844, 7912, 2734, 2307, 3058, 7913, 716, 2459, 3059, 174, 1255, 2701,  # 7206
+    4019, 3590, 548, 1320, 1398, 728, 4020, 1574, 7914, 1890, 1197, 3060, 4021, 7915, 3061, 3062,  # 7222
+    3712, 3591, 3713, 747, 7916, 635, 4242, 4528, 7917, 7918, 7919, 4243, 7920, 7921, 4529, 7922,  # 7238
+    3378, 4530, 2432, 451, 7923, 3714, 2535, 2072, 4244, 2735, 4245, 4022, 7924, 1764, 4531, 7925,  # 7254
+    4246, 350, 7926, 2278, 2390, 2486, 7927, 4247, 4023, 2245, 1434, 4024, 488, 4532, 458, 4248,  # 7270
+    4025, 3715, 771, 1330, 2391, 3835, 2568, 3159, 2159, 2409, 1553, 2667, 3160, 4249, 7928, 2487,  # 7286
+    2881, 2612, 1720, 2702, 4250, 3379, 4533, 7929, 2536, 4251, 7930, 3231, 4252, 2768, 7931, 2015,  # 7302
+    2736, 7932, 1155, 1017, 3716, 3836, 7933, 3303, 2308, 201, 1864, 4253, 1430, 7934, 4026, 7935,  # 7318
+    7936, 7937, 7938, 7939, 4254, 1604, 7940, 414, 1865, 371, 2587, 4534, 4535, 3485, 2016, 3104,  # 7334
+    4536, 1708, 960, 4255, 887, 389, 2171, 1536, 1663, 1721, 7941, 2228, 4027, 2351, 2926, 1580,  # 7350
+    7942, 7943, 7944, 1744, 7945, 2537, 4537, 4538, 7946, 4539, 7947, 2073, 7948, 7949, 3592, 3380,  # 7366
+    2882, 4256, 7950, 4257, 2640, 3381, 2802, 673, 2703, 2460, 709, 3486, 4028, 3593, 4258, 7951,  # 7382
+    1148, 502, 634, 7952, 7953, 1204, 4540, 3594, 1575, 4541, 2613, 3717, 7954, 3718, 3105, 948,  # 7398
+    3232, 121, 1745, 3837, 1110, 7955, 4259, 3063, 2509, 3009, 4029, 3719, 1151, 1771, 3838, 1488,  # 7414
+    4030, 1986, 7956, 2433, 3487, 7957, 7958, 2093, 7959, 4260, 3839, 1213, 1407, 2803, 531, 2737,  # 7430
+    2538, 3233, 1011, 1537, 7960, 2769, 4261, 3106, 1061, 7961, 3720, 3721, 1866, 2883, 7962, 2017,  # 7446
+    120, 4262, 4263, 2062, 3595, 3234, 2309, 3840, 2668, 3382, 1954, 4542, 7963, 7964, 3488, 1047,  # 7462
+    2704, 1266, 7965, 1368, 4543, 2845, 649, 3383, 3841, 2539, 2738, 1102, 2846, 2669, 7966, 7967,  # 7478
+    1999, 7968, 1111, 3596, 2962, 7969, 2488, 3842, 3597, 2804, 1854, 3384, 3722, 7970, 7971, 3385,  # 7494
+    2410, 2884, 3304, 3235, 3598, 7972, 2569, 7973, 3599, 2805, 4031, 1460, 856, 7974, 3600, 7975,  # 7510
+    2885, 2963, 7976, 2886, 3843, 7977, 4264, 632, 2510, 875, 3844, 1697, 3845, 2291, 7978, 7979,  # 7526
+    4544, 3010, 1239, 580, 4545, 4265, 7980, 914, 936, 2074, 1190, 4032, 1039, 2123, 7981, 7982,  # 7542
+    7983, 3386, 1473, 7984, 1354, 4266, 3846, 7985, 2172, 3064, 4033, 915, 3305, 4267, 4268, 3306,  # 7558
+    1605, 1834, 7986, 2739, 398, 3601, 4269, 3847, 4034, 328, 1912, 2847, 4035, 3848, 1331, 4270,  # 7574
+    3011, 937, 4271, 7987, 3602, 4036, 4037, 3387, 2160, 4546, 3388, 524, 742, 538, 3065, 1012,  # 7590
+    7988, 7989, 3849, 2461, 7990, 658, 1103, 225, 3850, 7991, 7992, 4547, 7993, 4548, 7994, 3236,  # 7606
+    1243, 7995, 4038, 963, 2246, 4549, 7996, 2705, 3603, 3161, 7997, 7998, 2588, 2327, 7999, 4550,  # 7622
+    8000, 8001, 8002, 3489, 3307, 957, 3389, 2540, 2032, 1930, 2927, 2462, 870, 2018, 3604, 1746,  # 7638
+    2770, 2771, 2434, 2463, 8003, 3851, 8004, 3723, 3107, 3724, 3490, 3390, 3725, 8005, 1179, 3066,  # 7654
+    8006, 3162, 2373, 4272, 3726, 2541, 3163, 3108, 2740, 4039, 8007, 3391, 1556, 2542, 2292, 977,  # 7670
+    2887, 2033, 4040, 1205, 3392, 8008, 1765, 3393, 3164, 2124, 1271, 1689, 714, 4551, 3491, 8009,  # 7686
+    2328, 3852, 533, 4273, 3605, 2181, 617, 8010, 2464, 3308, 3492, 2310, 8011, 8012, 3165, 8013,  # 7702
+    8014, 3853, 1987, 618, 427, 2641, 3493, 3394, 8015, 8016, 1244, 1690, 8017, 2806, 4274, 4552,  # 7718
+    8018, 3494, 8019, 8020, 2279, 1576, 473, 3606, 4275, 3395, 972, 8021, 3607, 8022, 3067, 8023,  # 7734
+    8024, 4553, 4554, 8025, 3727, 4041, 4042, 8026, 153, 4555, 356, 8027, 1891, 2888, 4276, 2143,  # 7750
+    408, 803, 2352, 8028, 3854, 8029, 4277, 1646, 2570, 2511, 4556, 4557, 3855, 8030, 3856, 4278,  # 7766
+    8031, 2411, 3396, 752, 8032, 8033, 1961, 2964, 8034, 746, 3012, 2465, 8035, 4279, 3728, 698,  # 7782
+    4558, 1892, 4280, 3608, 2543, 4559, 3609, 3857, 8036, 3166, 3397, 8037, 1823, 1302, 4043, 2706,  # 7798
+    3858, 1973, 4281, 8038, 4282, 3167, 823, 1303, 1288, 1236, 2848, 3495, 4044, 3398, 774, 3859,  # 7814
+    8039, 1581, 4560, 1304, 2849, 3860, 4561, 8040, 2435, 2161, 1083, 3237, 4283, 4045, 4284, 344,  # 7830
+    1173, 288, 2311, 454, 1683, 8041, 8042, 1461, 4562, 4046, 2589, 8043, 8044, 4563, 985, 894,  # 7846
+    8045, 3399, 3168, 8046, 1913, 2928, 3729, 1988, 8047, 2110, 1974, 8048, 4047, 8049, 2571, 1194,  # 7862
+    425, 8050, 4564, 3169, 1245, 3730, 4285, 8051, 8052, 2850, 8053, 636, 4565, 1855, 3861, 760,  # 7878
+    1799, 8054, 4286, 2209, 1508, 4566, 4048, 1893, 1684, 2293, 8055, 8056, 8057, 4287, 4288, 2210,  # 7894
+    479, 8058, 8059, 832, 8060, 4049, 2489, 8061, 2965, 2490, 3731, 990, 3109, 627, 1814, 2642,  # 7910
+    4289, 1582, 4290, 2125, 2111, 3496, 4567, 8062, 799, 4291, 3170, 8063, 4568, 2112, 1737, 3013,  # 7926
+    1018, 543, 754, 4292, 3309, 1676, 4569, 4570, 4050, 8064, 1489, 8065, 3497, 8066, 2614, 2889,  # 7942
+    4051, 8067, 8068, 2966, 8069, 8070, 8071, 8072, 3171, 4571, 4572, 2182, 1722, 8073, 3238, 3239,  # 7958
+    1842, 3610, 1715, 481, 365, 1975, 1856, 8074, 8075, 1962, 2491, 4573, 8076, 2126, 3611, 3240,  # 7974
+    433, 1894, 2063, 2075, 8077, 602, 2741, 8078, 8079, 8080, 8081, 8082, 3014, 1628, 3400, 8083,  # 7990
+    3172, 4574, 4052, 2890, 4575, 2512, 8084, 2544, 2772, 8085, 8086, 8087, 3310, 4576, 2891, 8088,  # 8006
+    4577, 8089, 2851, 4578, 4579, 1221, 2967, 4053, 2513, 8090, 8091, 8092, 1867, 1989, 8093, 8094,  # 8022
+    8095, 1895, 8096, 8097, 4580, 1896, 4054, 318, 8098, 2094, 4055, 4293, 8099, 8100, 485, 8101,  # 8038
+    938, 3862, 553, 2670, 116, 8102, 3863, 3612, 8103, 3498, 2671, 2773, 3401, 3311, 2807, 8104,  # 8054
+    3613, 2929, 4056, 1747, 2930, 2968, 8105, 8106, 207, 8107, 8108, 2672, 4581, 2514, 8109, 3015,  # 8070
+    890, 3614, 3864, 8110, 1877, 3732, 3402, 8111, 2183, 2353, 3403, 1652, 8112, 8113, 8114, 941,  # 8086
+    2294, 208, 3499, 4057, 2019, 330, 4294, 3865, 2892, 2492, 3733, 4295, 8115, 8116, 8117, 8118,  # 8102
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a37ab18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/euctwprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import EUCTWDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import EUCTW_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class EUCTWProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(EUCTW_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = EUCTWDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "EUC-TW"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Taiwan"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312freq.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312freq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b32bfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312freq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# GB2312 most frequently used character table
+#
+# Char to FreqOrder table , from hz6763
+
+# 512  --> 0.79  -- 0.79
+# 1024 --> 0.92  -- 0.13
+# 2048 --> 0.98  -- 0.06
+# 6768 --> 1.00  -- 0.02
+#
+# Ideal Distribution Ratio = 0.79135/(1-0.79135) = 3.79
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512 / (3755 - 512) = 0.157
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio about 25% of Ideal one, still much higher that RDR
+
+GB2312_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 0.9
+
+GB2312_TABLE_SIZE = 3760
+
+# fmt: off
+GB2312_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+1671, 749,1443,2364,3924,3807,2330,3921,1704,3463,2691,1511,1515, 572,3191,2205,
+2361, 224,2558, 479,1711, 963,3162, 440,4060,1905,2966,2947,3580,2647,3961,3842,
+2204, 869,4207, 970,2678,5626,2944,2956,1479,4048, 514,3595, 588,1346,2820,3409,
+ 249,4088,1746,1873,2047,1774, 581,1813, 358,1174,3590,1014,1561,4844,2245, 670,
+1636,3112, 889,1286, 953, 556,2327,3060,1290,3141, 613, 185,3477,1367, 850,3820,
+1715,2428,2642,2303,2732,3041,2562,2648,3566,3946,1349, 388,3098,2091,1360,3585,
+ 152,1687,1539, 738,1559,  59,1232,2925,2267,1388,1249,1741,1679,2960, 151,1566,
+1125,1352,4271, 924,4296, 385,3166,4459, 310,1245,2850,  70,3285,2729,3534,3575,
+2398,3298,3466,1960,2265, 217,3647, 864,1909,2084,4401,2773,1010,3269,5152, 853,
+3051,3121,1244,4251,1895, 364,1499,1540,2313,1180,3655,2268, 562, 715,2417,3061,
+ 544, 336,3768,2380,1752,4075, 950, 280,2425,4382, 183,2759,3272, 333,4297,2155,
+1688,2356,1444,1039,4540, 736,1177,3349,2443,2368,2144,2225, 565, 196,1482,3406,
+ 927,1335,4147, 692, 878,1311,1653,3911,3622,1378,4200,1840,2969,3149,2126,1816,
+2534,1546,2393,2760, 737,2494,  13, 447, 245,2747,  38,2765,2129,2589,1079, 606,
+ 360, 471,3755,2890, 404, 848, 699,1785,1236, 370,2221,1023,3746,2074,2026,2023,
+2388,1581,2119, 812,1141,3091,2536,1519, 804,2053, 406,1596,1090, 784, 548,4414,
+1806,2264,2936,1100, 343,4114,5096, 622,3358, 743,3668,1510,1626,5020,3567,2513,
+3195,4115,5627,2489,2991,  24,2065,2697,1087,2719,  48,1634, 315,  68, 985,2052,
+ 198,2239,1347,1107,1439, 597,2366,2172, 871,3307, 919,2487,2790,1867, 236,2570,
+1413,3794, 906,3365,3381,1701,1982,1818,1524,2924,1205, 616,2586,2072,2004, 575,
+ 253,3099,  32,1365,1182, 197,1714,2454,1201, 554,3388,3224,2748, 756,2587, 250,
+2567,1507,1517,3529,1922,2761,2337,3416,1961,1677,2452,2238,3153, 615, 911,1506,
+1474,2495,1265,1906,2749,3756,3280,2161, 898,2714,1759,3450,2243,2444, 563,  26,
+3286,2266,3769,3344,2707,3677, 611,1402, 531,1028,2871,4548,1375, 261,2948, 835,
+1190,4134, 353, 840,2684,1900,3082,1435,2109,1207,1674, 329,1872,2781,4055,2686,
+2104, 608,3318,2423,2957,2768,1108,3739,3512,3271,3985,2203,1771,3520,1418,2054,
+1681,1153, 225,1627,2929, 162,2050,2511,3687,1954, 124,1859,2431,1684,3032,2894,
+ 585,4805,3969,2869,2704,2088,2032,2095,3656,2635,4362,2209, 256, 518,2042,2105,
+3777,3657, 643,2298,1148,1779, 190, 989,3544, 414,  11,2135,2063,2979,1471, 403,
+3678, 126, 770,1563, 671,2499,3216,2877, 600,1179, 307,2805,4937,1268,1297,2694,
+ 252,4032,1448,1494,1331,1394, 127,2256, 222,1647,1035,1481,3056,1915,1048, 873,
+3651, 210,  33,1608,2516, 200,1520, 415, 102,   0,3389,1287, 817,  91,3299,2940,
+ 836,1814, 549,2197,1396,1669,2987,3582,2297,2848,4528,1070, 687,  20,1819, 121,
+1552,1364,1461,1968,2617,3540,2824,2083, 177, 948,4938,2291, 110,4549,2066, 648,
+3359,1755,2110,2114,4642,4845,1693,3937,3308,1257,1869,2123, 208,1804,3159,2992,
+2531,2549,3361,2418,1350,2347,2800,2568,1291,2036,2680,  72, 842,1990, 212,1233,
+1154,1586,  75,2027,3410,4900,1823,1337,2710,2676, 728,2810,1522,3026,4995, 157,
+ 755,1050,4022, 710, 785,1936,2194,2085,1406,2777,2400, 150,1250,4049,1206, 807,
+1910, 534, 529,3309,1721,1660, 274,  39,2827, 661,2670,1578, 925,3248,3815,1094,
+4278,4901,4252,  41,1150,3747,2572,2227,4501,3658,4902,3813,3357,3617,2884,2258,
+ 887, 538,4187,3199,1294,2439,3042,2329,2343,2497,1255, 107, 543,1527, 521,3478,
+3568, 194,5062,  15, 961,3870,1241,1192,2664,  66,5215,3260,2111,1295,1127,2152,
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+1348,1061, 172, 978,3515,1747, 532, 511,3970,   6, 601, 905,2699,3300,1751, 276,
+1467,3725,2668,  65,4239,2544,2779,2556,1604, 578,2451,1802, 992,2331,2624,1320,
+3446, 713,1513,1013, 103,2786,2447,1661, 886,1702, 916, 654,3574,2031,1556, 751,
+2178,2821,2179,1498,1538,2176, 271, 914,2251,2080,1325, 638,1953,2937,3877,2432,
+2754,  95,3265,1716, 260,1227,4083, 775, 106,1357,3254, 426,1607, 555,2480, 772,
+1985, 244,2546, 474, 495,1046,2611,1851,2061,  71,2089,1675,2590, 742,3758,2843,
+3222,1433, 267,2180,2576,2826,2233,2092,3913,2435, 956,1745,3075, 856,2113,1116,
+ 451,   3,1988,2896,1398, 993,2463,1878,2049,1341,2718,2721,2870,2108, 712,2904,
+4363,2753,2324, 277,2872,2349,2649, 384, 987, 435, 691,3000, 922, 164,3939, 652,
+1500,1184,4153,2482,3373,2165,4848,2335,3775,3508,3154,2806,2830,1554,2102,1664,
+2530,1434,2408, 893,1547,2623,3447,2832,2242,2532,3169,2856,3223,2078,  49,3770,
+3469, 462, 318, 656,2259,3250,3069, 679,1629,2758, 344,1138,1104,3120,1836,1283,
+3115,2154,1437,4448, 934, 759,1999, 794,2862,1038, 533,2560,1722,2342, 855,2626,
+1197,1663,4476,3127,  85,4240,2528,  25,1111,1181,3673, 407,3470,4561,2679,2713,
+ 768,1925,2841,3986,1544,1165, 932, 373,1240,2146,1930,2673, 721,4766, 354,4333,
+ 391,2963, 187,  61,3364,1442,1102, 330,1940,1767, 341,3809,4118, 393,2496,2062,
+2211, 105, 331, 300, 439, 913,1332, 626, 379,3304,1557, 328, 689,3952, 309,1555,
+ 931, 317,2517,3027, 325, 569, 686,2107,3084,  60,1042,1333,2794, 264,3177,4014,
+1628, 258,3712,   7,4464,1176,1043,1778, 683, 114,1975,  78,1492, 383,1886, 510,
+ 386, 645,5291,2891,2069,3305,4138,3867,2939,2603,2493,1935,1066,1848,3588,1015,
+1282,1289,4609, 697,1453,3044,2666,3611,1856,2412,  54, 719,1330, 568,3778,2459,
+1748, 788, 492, 551,1191,1000, 488,3394,3763, 282,1799, 348,2016,1523,3155,2390,
+1049, 382,2019,1788,1170, 729,2968,3523, 897,3926,2785,2938,3292, 350,2319,3238,
+1718,1717,2655,3453,3143,4465, 161,2889,2980,2009,1421,  56,1908,1640,2387,2232,
+1917,1874,2477,4921, 148,  83,3438, 592,4245,2882,1822,1055, 741, 115,1496,1624,
+ 381,1638,4592,1020, 516,3214, 458, 947,4575,1432, 211,1514,2926,1865,2142, 189,
+ 852,1221,1400,1486, 882,2299,4036, 351,  28,1122, 700,6479,6480,6481,6482,6483,  #last 512
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312prober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d423e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/gb2312prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import GB2312DistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import GB2312_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class GB2312Prober(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(GB2312_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = GB2312DistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "GB2312"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Chinese"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/hebrewprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/hebrewprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..785d005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/hebrewprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+#          Shy Shalom
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2005
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+from .sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetProber
+
+# This prober doesn't actually recognize a language or a charset.
+# It is a helper prober for the use of the Hebrew model probers
+
+### General ideas of the Hebrew charset recognition ###
+#
+# Four main charsets exist in Hebrew:
+# "ISO-8859-8" - Visual Hebrew
+# "windows-1255" - Logical Hebrew
+# "ISO-8859-8-I" - Logical Hebrew
+# "x-mac-hebrew" - ?? Logical Hebrew ??
+#
+# Both "ISO" charsets use a completely identical set of code points, whereas
+# "windows-1255" and "x-mac-hebrew" are two different proper supersets of
+# these code points. windows-1255 defines additional characters in the range
+# 0x80-0x9F as some misc punctuation marks as well as some Hebrew-specific
+# diacritics and additional 'Yiddish' ligature letters in the range 0xc0-0xd6.
+# x-mac-hebrew defines similar additional code points but with a different
+# mapping.
+#
+# As far as an average Hebrew text with no diacritics is concerned, all four
+# charsets are identical with respect to code points. Meaning that for the
+# main Hebrew alphabet, all four map the same values to all 27 Hebrew letters
+# (including final letters).
+#
+# The dominant difference between these charsets is their directionality.
+# "Visual" directionality means that the text is ordered as if the renderer is
+# not aware of a BIDI rendering algorithm. The renderer sees the text and
+# draws it from left to right. The text itself when ordered naturally is read
+# backwards. A buffer of Visual Hebrew generally looks like so:
+# "[last word of first line spelled backwards] [whole line ordered backwards
+# and spelled backwards] [first word of first line spelled backwards]
+# [end of line] [last word of second line] ... etc' "
+# adding punctuation marks, numbers and English text to visual text is
+# naturally also "visual" and from left to right.
+#
+# "Logical" directionality means the text is ordered "naturally" according to
+# the order it is read. It is the responsibility of the renderer to display
+# the text from right to left. A BIDI algorithm is used to place general
+# punctuation marks, numbers and English text in the text.
+#
+# Texts in x-mac-hebrew are almost impossible to find on the Internet. From
+# what little evidence I could find, it seems that its general directionality
+# is Logical.
+#
+# To sum up all of the above, the Hebrew probing mechanism knows about two
+# charsets:
+# Visual Hebrew - "ISO-8859-8" - backwards text - Words and sentences are
+#    backwards while line order is natural. For charset recognition purposes
+#    the line order is unimportant (In fact, for this implementation, even
+#    word order is unimportant).
+# Logical Hebrew - "windows-1255" - normal, naturally ordered text.
+#
+# "ISO-8859-8-I" is a subset of windows-1255 and doesn't need to be
+#    specifically identified.
+# "x-mac-hebrew" is also identified as windows-1255. A text in x-mac-hebrew
+#    that contain special punctuation marks or diacritics is displayed with
+#    some unconverted characters showing as question marks. This problem might
+#    be corrected using another model prober for x-mac-hebrew. Due to the fact
+#    that x-mac-hebrew texts are so rare, writing another model prober isn't
+#    worth the effort and performance hit.
+#
+#### The Prober ####
+#
+# The prober is divided between two SBCharSetProbers and a HebrewProber,
+# all of which are managed, created, fed data, inquired and deleted by the
+# SBCSGroupProber. The two SBCharSetProbers identify that the text is in
+# fact some kind of Hebrew, Logical or Visual. The final decision about which
+# one is it is made by the HebrewProber by combining final-letter scores
+# with the scores of the two SBCharSetProbers to produce a final answer.
+#
+# The SBCSGroupProber is responsible for stripping the original text of HTML
+# tags, English characters, numbers, low-ASCII punctuation characters, spaces
+# and new lines. It reduces any sequence of such characters to a single space.
+# The buffer fed to each prober in the SBCS group prober is pure text in
+# high-ASCII.
+# The two SBCharSetProbers (model probers) share the same language model:
+# Win1255Model.
+# The first SBCharSetProber uses the model normally as any other
+# SBCharSetProber does, to recognize windows-1255, upon which this model was
+# built. The second SBCharSetProber is told to make the pair-of-letter
+# lookup in the language model backwards. This in practice exactly simulates
+# a visual Hebrew model using the windows-1255 logical Hebrew model.
+#
+# The HebrewProber is not using any language model. All it does is look for
+# final-letter evidence suggesting the text is either logical Hebrew or visual
+# Hebrew. Disjointed from the model probers, the results of the HebrewProber
+# alone are meaningless. HebrewProber always returns 0.00 as confidence
+# since it never identifies a charset by itself. Instead, the pointer to the
+# HebrewProber is passed to the model probers as a helper "Name Prober".
+# When the Group prober receives a positive identification from any prober,
+# it asks for the name of the charset identified. If the prober queried is a
+# Hebrew model prober, the model prober forwards the call to the
+# HebrewProber to make the final decision. In the HebrewProber, the
+# decision is made according to the final-letters scores maintained and Both
+# model probers scores. The answer is returned in the form of the name of the
+# charset identified, either "windows-1255" or "ISO-8859-8".
+
+
+class HebrewProber(CharSetProber):
+    SPACE = 0x20
+    # windows-1255 / ISO-8859-8 code points of interest
+    FINAL_KAF = 0xEA
+    NORMAL_KAF = 0xEB
+    FINAL_MEM = 0xED
+    NORMAL_MEM = 0xEE
+    FINAL_NUN = 0xEF
+    NORMAL_NUN = 0xF0
+    FINAL_PE = 0xF3
+    NORMAL_PE = 0xF4
+    FINAL_TSADI = 0xF5
+    NORMAL_TSADI = 0xF6
+
+    # Minimum Visual vs Logical final letter score difference.
+    # If the difference is below this, don't rely solely on the final letter score
+    # distance.
+    MIN_FINAL_CHAR_DISTANCE = 5
+
+    # Minimum Visual vs Logical model score difference.
+    # If the difference is below this, don't rely at all on the model score
+    # distance.
+    MIN_MODEL_DISTANCE = 0.01
+
+    VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME = "ISO-8859-8"
+    LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME = "windows-1255"
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._final_char_logical_score = 0
+        self._final_char_visual_score = 0
+        self._prev = self.SPACE
+        self._before_prev = self.SPACE
+        self._logical_prober: Optional[SingleByteCharSetProber] = None
+        self._visual_prober: Optional[SingleByteCharSetProber] = None
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._final_char_logical_score = 0
+        self._final_char_visual_score = 0
+        # The two last characters seen in the previous buffer,
+        # mPrev and mBeforePrev are initialized to space in order to simulate
+        # a word delimiter at the beginning of the data
+        self._prev = self.SPACE
+        self._before_prev = self.SPACE
+        # These probers are owned by the group prober.
+
+    def set_model_probers(
+        self,
+        logical_prober: SingleByteCharSetProber,
+        visual_prober: SingleByteCharSetProber,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._logical_prober = logical_prober
+        self._visual_prober = visual_prober
+
+    def is_final(self, c: int) -> bool:
+        return c in [
+            self.FINAL_KAF,
+            self.FINAL_MEM,
+            self.FINAL_NUN,
+            self.FINAL_PE,
+            self.FINAL_TSADI,
+        ]
+
+    def is_non_final(self, c: int) -> bool:
+        # The normal Tsadi is not a good Non-Final letter due to words like
+        # 'lechotet' (to chat) containing an apostrophe after the tsadi. This
+        # apostrophe is converted to a space in FilterWithoutEnglishLetters
+        # causing the Non-Final tsadi to appear at an end of a word even
+        # though this is not the case in the original text.
+        # The letters Pe and Kaf rarely display a related behavior of not being
+        # a good Non-Final letter. Words like 'Pop', 'Winamp' and 'Mubarak'
+        # for example legally end with a Non-Final Pe or Kaf. However, the
+        # benefit of these letters as Non-Final letters outweighs the damage
+        # since these words are quite rare.
+        return c in [self.NORMAL_KAF, self.NORMAL_MEM, self.NORMAL_NUN, self.NORMAL_PE]
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        # Final letter analysis for logical-visual decision.
+        # Look for evidence that the received buffer is either logical Hebrew
+        # or visual Hebrew.
+        # The following cases are checked:
+        # 1) A word longer than 1 letter, ending with a final letter. This is
+        #    an indication that the text is laid out "naturally" since the
+        #    final letter really appears at the end. +1 for logical score.
+        # 2) A word longer than 1 letter, ending with a Non-Final letter. In
+        #    normal Hebrew, words ending with Kaf, Mem, Nun, Pe or Tsadi,
+        #    should not end with the Non-Final form of that letter. Exceptions
+        #    to this rule are mentioned above in isNonFinal(). This is an
+        #    indication that the text is laid out backwards. +1 for visual
+        #    score
+        # 3) A word longer than 1 letter, starting with a final letter. Final
+        #    letters should not appear at the beginning of a word. This is an
+        #    indication that the text is laid out backwards. +1 for visual
+        #    score.
+        #
+        # The visual score and logical score are accumulated throughout the
+        # text and are finally checked against each other in GetCharSetName().
+        # No checking for final letters in the middle of words is done since
+        # that case is not an indication for either Logical or Visual text.
+        #
+        # We automatically filter out all 7-bit characters (replace them with
+        # spaces) so the word boundary detection works properly. [MAP]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            # Both model probers say it's not them. No reason to continue.
+            return ProbingState.NOT_ME
+
+        byte_str = self.filter_high_byte_only(byte_str)
+
+        for cur in byte_str:
+            if cur == self.SPACE:
+                # We stand on a space - a word just ended
+                if self._before_prev != self.SPACE:
+                    # next-to-last char was not a space so self._prev is not a
+                    # 1 letter word
+                    if self.is_final(self._prev):
+                        # case (1) [-2:not space][-1:final letter][cur:space]
+                        self._final_char_logical_score += 1
+                    elif self.is_non_final(self._prev):
+                        # case (2) [-2:not space][-1:Non-Final letter][
+                        #  cur:space]
+                        self._final_char_visual_score += 1
+            else:
+                # Not standing on a space
+                if (
+                    (self._before_prev == self.SPACE)
+                    and (self.is_final(self._prev))
+                    and (cur != self.SPACE)
+                ):
+                    # case (3) [-2:space][-1:final letter][cur:not space]
+                    self._final_char_visual_score += 1
+            self._before_prev = self._prev
+            self._prev = cur
+
+        # Forever detecting, till the end or until both model probers return
+        # ProbingState.NOT_ME (handled above)
+        return ProbingState.DETECTING
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        assert self._logical_prober is not None
+        assert self._visual_prober is not None
+
+        # Make the decision: is it Logical or Visual?
+        # If the final letter score distance is dominant enough, rely on it.
+        finalsub = self._final_char_logical_score - self._final_char_visual_score
+        if finalsub >= self.MIN_FINAL_CHAR_DISTANCE:
+            return self.LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME
+        if finalsub <= -self.MIN_FINAL_CHAR_DISTANCE:
+            return self.VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+        # It's not dominant enough, try to rely on the model scores instead.
+        modelsub = (
+            self._logical_prober.get_confidence() - self._visual_prober.get_confidence()
+        )
+        if modelsub > self.MIN_MODEL_DISTANCE:
+            return self.LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME
+        if modelsub < -self.MIN_MODEL_DISTANCE:
+            return self.VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+        # Still no good, back to final letter distance, maybe it'll save the
+        # day.
+        if finalsub < 0.0:
+            return self.VISUAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+        # (finalsub > 0 - Logical) or (don't know what to do) default to
+        # Logical.
+        return self.LOGICAL_HEBREW_NAME
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Hebrew"
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self._logical_prober is not None
+        assert self._visual_prober is not None
+
+        # Remain active as long as any of the model probers are active.
+        if (self._logical_prober.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME) and (
+            self._visual_prober.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME
+        ):
+            return ProbingState.NOT_ME
+        return ProbingState.DETECTING
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jisfreq.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jisfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3293576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jisfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# Sampling from about 20M text materials include literature and computer technology
+#
+# Japanese frequency table, applied to both S-JIS and EUC-JP
+# They are sorted in order.
+
+# 128  --> 0.77094
+# 256  --> 0.85710
+# 512  --> 0.92635
+# 1024 --> 0.97130
+# 2048 --> 0.99431
+#
+# Ideal Distribution Ratio = 0.92635 / (1-0.92635) = 12.58
+# Random Distribution Ration = 512 / (2965+62+83+86-512) = 0.191
+#
+# Typical Distribution Ratio, 25% of IDR
+
+JIS_TYPICAL_DISTRIBUTION_RATIO = 3.0
+
+# Char to FreqOrder table ,
+JIS_TABLE_SIZE = 4368
+
+# fmt: off
+JIS_CHAR_TO_FREQ_ORDER = (
+  40,   1,   6, 182, 152, 180, 295,2127, 285, 381,3295,4304,3068,4606,3165,3510, #   16
+3511,1822,2785,4607,1193,2226,5070,4608, 171,2996,1247,  18, 179,5071, 856,1661, #   32
+1262,5072, 619, 127,3431,3512,3230,1899,1700, 232, 228,1294,1298, 284, 283,2041, #   48
+2042,1061,1062,  48,  49,  44,  45, 433, 434,1040,1041, 996, 787,2997,1255,4305, #   64
+2108,4609,1684,1648,5073,5074,5075,5076,5077,5078,3687,5079,4610,5080,3927,3928, #   80
+5081,3296,3432, 290,2285,1471,2187,5082,2580,2825,1303,2140,1739,1445,2691,3375, #   96
+1691,3297,4306,4307,4611, 452,3376,1182,2713,3688,3069,4308,5083,5084,5085,5086, #  112
+5087,5088,5089,5090,5091,5092,5093,5094,5095,5096,5097,5098,5099,5100,5101,5102, #  128
+5103,5104,5105,5106,5107,5108,5109,5110,5111,5112,4097,5113,5114,5115,5116,5117, #  144
+5118,5119,5120,5121,5122,5123,5124,5125,5126,5127,5128,5129,5130,5131,5132,5133, #  160
+5134,5135,5136,5137,5138,5139,5140,5141,5142,5143,5144,5145,5146,5147,5148,5149, #  176
+5150,5151,5152,4612,5153,5154,5155,5156,5157,5158,5159,5160,5161,5162,5163,5164, #  192
+5165,5166,5167,5168,5169,5170,5171,5172,5173,5174,5175,1472, 598, 618, 820,1205, #  208
+1309,1412,1858,1307,1692,5176,5177,5178,5179,5180,5181,5182,1142,1452,1234,1172, #  224
+1875,2043,2149,1793,1382,2973, 925,2404,1067,1241, 960,1377,2935,1491, 919,1217, #  240
+1865,2030,1406,1499,2749,4098,5183,5184,5185,5186,5187,5188,2561,4099,3117,1804, #  256
+2049,3689,4309,3513,1663,5189,3166,3118,3298,1587,1561,3433,5190,3119,1625,2998, #  272
+3299,4613,1766,3690,2786,4614,5191,5192,5193,5194,2161,  26,3377,   2,3929,  20, #  288
+3691,  47,4100,  50,  17,  16,  35, 268,  27, 243,  42, 155,  24, 154,  29, 184, #  304
+   4,  91,  14,  92,  53, 396,  33, 289,   9,  37,  64, 620,  21,  39, 321,   5, #  320
+  12,  11,  52,  13,   3, 208, 138,   0,   7,  60, 526, 141, 151,1069, 181, 275, #  336
+1591,  83, 132,1475, 126, 331, 829,  15,  69, 160,  59,  22, 157,  55,1079, 312, #  352
+ 109,  38,  23,  25,  10,  19,  79,5195,  61, 382,1124,   8,  30,5196,5197,5198, #  368
+5199,5200,5201,5202,5203,5204,5205,5206,  89,  62,  74,  34,2416, 112, 139, 196, #  384
+ 271, 149,  84, 607, 131, 765,  46,  88, 153, 683,  76, 874, 101, 258,  57,  80, #  400
+  32, 364, 121,1508, 169,1547,  68, 235, 145,2999,  41, 360,3027,  70,  63,  31, #  416
+  43, 259, 262,1383,  99, 533, 194,  66,  93, 846, 217, 192,  56, 106,  58, 565, #  432
+ 280, 272, 311, 256, 146,  82, 308,  71, 100, 128, 214, 655, 110, 261, 104,1140, #  448
+  54,  51,  36,  87,  67,3070, 185,2618,2936,2020,  28,1066,2390,2059,5207,5208, #  464
+5209,5210,5211,5212,5213,5214,5215,5216,4615,5217,5218,5219,5220,5221,5222,5223, #  480
+5224,5225,5226,5227,5228,5229,5230,5231,5232,5233,5234,5235,5236,3514,5237,5238, #  496
+5239,5240,5241,5242,5243,5244,2297,2031,4616,4310,3692,5245,3071,5246,3598,5247, #  512
+4617,3231,3515,5248,4101,4311,4618,3808,4312,4102,5249,4103,4104,3599,5250,5251, #  528
+5252,5253,5254,5255,5256,5257,5258,5259,5260,5261,5262,5263,5264,5265,5266,5267, #  544
+5268,5269,5270,5271,5272,5273,5274,5275,5276,5277,5278,5279,5280,5281,5282,5283, #  560
+5284,5285,5286,5287,5288,5289,5290,5291,5292,5293,5294,5295,5296,5297,5298,5299, #  576
+5300,5301,5302,5303,5304,5305,5306,5307,5308,5309,5310,5311,5312,5313,5314,5315, #  592
+5316,5317,5318,5319,5320,5321,5322,5323,5324,5325,5326,5327,5328,5329,5330,5331, #  608
+5332,5333,5334,5335,5336,5337,5338,5339,5340,5341,5342,5343,5344,5345,5346,5347, #  624
+5348,5349,5350,5351,5352,5353,5354,5355,5356,5357,5358,5359,5360,5361,5362,5363, #  640
+5364,5365,5366,5367,5368,5369,5370,5371,5372,5373,5374,5375,5376,5377,5378,5379, #  656
+5380,5381, 363, 642,2787,2878,2788,2789,2316,3232,2317,3434,2011, 165,1942,3930, #  672
+3931,3932,3933,5382,4619,5383,4620,5384,5385,5386,5387,5388,5389,5390,5391,5392, #  688
+5393,5394,5395,5396,5397,5398,5399,5400,5401,5402,5403,5404,5405,5406,5407,5408, #  704
+5409,5410,5411,5412,5413,5414,5415,5416,5417,5418,5419,5420,5421,5422,5423,5424, #  720
+5425,5426,5427,5428,5429,5430,5431,5432,5433,5434,5435,5436,5437,5438,5439,5440, #  736
+5441,5442,5443,5444,5445,5446,5447,5448,5449,5450,5451,5452,5453,5454,5455,5456, #  752
+5457,5458,5459,5460,5461,5462,5463,5464,5465,5466,5467,5468,5469,5470,5471,5472, #  768
+5473,5474,5475,5476,5477,5478,5479,5480,5481,5482,5483,5484,5485,5486,5487,5488, #  784
+5489,5490,5491,5492,5493,5494,5495,5496,5497,5498,5499,5500,5501,5502,5503,5504, #  800
+5505,5506,5507,5508,5509,5510,5511,5512,5513,5514,5515,5516,5517,5518,5519,5520, #  816
+5521,5522,5523,5524,5525,5526,5527,5528,5529,5530,5531,5532,5533,5534,5535,5536, #  832
+5537,5538,5539,5540,5541,5542,5543,5544,5545,5546,5547,5548,5549,5550,5551,5552, #  848
+5553,5554,5555,5556,5557,5558,5559,5560,5561,5562,5563,5564,5565,5566,5567,5568, #  864
+5569,5570,5571,5572,5573,5574,5575,5576,5577,5578,5579,5580,5581,5582,5583,5584, #  880
+5585,5586,5587,5588,5589,5590,5591,5592,5593,5594,5595,5596,5597,5598,5599,5600, #  896
+5601,5602,5603,5604,5605,5606,5607,5608,5609,5610,5611,5612,5613,5614,5615,5616, #  912
+5617,5618,5619,5620,5621,5622,5623,5624,5625,5626,5627,5628,5629,5630,5631,5632, #  928
+5633,5634,5635,5636,5637,5638,5639,5640,5641,5642,5643,5644,5645,5646,5647,5648, #  944
+5649,5650,5651,5652,5653,5654,5655,5656,5657,5658,5659,5660,5661,5662,5663,5664, #  960
+5665,5666,5667,5668,5669,5670,5671,5672,5673,5674,5675,5676,5677,5678,5679,5680, #  976
+5681,5682,5683,5684,5685,5686,5687,5688,5689,5690,5691,5692,5693,5694,5695,5696, #  992
+5697,5698,5699,5700,5701,5702,5703,5704,5705,5706,5707,5708,5709,5710,5711,5712, # 1008
+5713,5714,5715,5716,5717,5718,5719,5720,5721,5722,5723,5724,5725,5726,5727,5728, # 1024
+5729,5730,5731,5732,5733,5734,5735,5736,5737,5738,5739,5740,5741,5742,5743,5744, # 1040
+5745,5746,5747,5748,5749,5750,5751,5752,5753,5754,5755,5756,5757,5758,5759,5760, # 1056
+5761,5762,5763,5764,5765,5766,5767,5768,5769,5770,5771,5772,5773,5774,5775,5776, # 1072
+5777,5778,5779,5780,5781,5782,5783,5784,5785,5786,5787,5788,5789,5790,5791,5792, # 1088
+5793,5794,5795,5796,5797,5798,5799,5800,5801,5802,5803,5804,5805,5806,5807,5808, # 1104
+5809,5810,5811,5812,5813,5814,5815,5816,5817,5818,5819,5820,5821,5822,5823,5824, # 1120
+5825,5826,5827,5828,5829,5830,5831,5832,5833,5834,5835,5836,5837,5838,5839,5840, # 1136
+5841,5842,5843,5844,5845,5846,5847,5848,5849,5850,5851,5852,5853,5854,5855,5856, # 1152
+5857,5858,5859,5860,5861,5862,5863,5864,5865,5866,5867,5868,5869,5870,5871,5872, # 1168
+5873,5874,5875,5876,5877,5878,5879,5880,5881,5882,5883,5884,5885,5886,5887,5888, # 1184
+5889,5890,5891,5892,5893,5894,5895,5896,5897,5898,5899,5900,5901,5902,5903,5904, # 1200
+5905,5906,5907,5908,5909,5910,5911,5912,5913,5914,5915,5916,5917,5918,5919,5920, # 1216
+5921,5922,5923,5924,5925,5926,5927,5928,5929,5930,5931,5932,5933,5934,5935,5936, # 1232
+5937,5938,5939,5940,5941,5942,5943,5944,5945,5946,5947,5948,5949,5950,5951,5952, # 1248
+5953,5954,5955,5956,5957,5958,5959,5960,5961,5962,5963,5964,5965,5966,5967,5968, # 1264
+5969,5970,5971,5972,5973,5974,5975,5976,5977,5978,5979,5980,5981,5982,5983,5984, # 1280
+5985,5986,5987,5988,5989,5990,5991,5992,5993,5994,5995,5996,5997,5998,5999,6000, # 1296
+6001,6002,6003,6004,6005,6006,6007,6008,6009,6010,6011,6012,6013,6014,6015,6016, # 1312
+6017,6018,6019,6020,6021,6022,6023,6024,6025,6026,6027,6028,6029,6030,6031,6032, # 1328
+6033,6034,6035,6036,6037,6038,6039,6040,6041,6042,6043,6044,6045,6046,6047,6048, # 1344
+6049,6050,6051,6052,6053,6054,6055,6056,6057,6058,6059,6060,6061,6062,6063,6064, # 1360
+6065,6066,6067,6068,6069,6070,6071,6072,6073,6074,6075,6076,6077,6078,6079,6080, # 1376
+6081,6082,6083,6084,6085,6086,6087,6088,6089,6090,6091,6092,6093,6094,6095,6096, # 1392
+6097,6098,6099,6100,6101,6102,6103,6104,6105,6106,6107,6108,6109,6110,6111,6112, # 1408
+6113,6114,2044,2060,4621, 997,1235, 473,1186,4622, 920,3378,6115,6116, 379,1108, # 1424
+4313,2657,2735,3934,6117,3809, 636,3233, 573,1026,3693,3435,2974,3300,2298,4105, # 1440
+ 854,2937,2463, 393,2581,2417, 539, 752,1280,2750,2480, 140,1161, 440, 708,1569, # 1456
+ 665,2497,1746,1291,1523,3000, 164,1603, 847,1331, 537,1997, 486, 508,1693,2418, # 1472
+1970,2227, 878,1220, 299,1030, 969, 652,2751, 624,1137,3301,2619,  65,3302,2045, # 1488
+1761,1859,3120,1930,3694,3516, 663,1767, 852, 835,3695, 269, 767,2826,2339,1305, # 1504
+ 896,1150, 770,1616,6118, 506,1502,2075,1012,2519, 775,2520,2975,2340,2938,4314, # 1520
+3028,2086,1224,1943,2286,6119,3072,4315,2240,1273,1987,3935,1557, 175, 597, 985, # 1536
+3517,2419,2521,1416,3029, 585, 938,1931,1007,1052,1932,1685,6120,3379,4316,4623, # 1552
+ 804, 599,3121,1333,2128,2539,1159,1554,2032,3810, 687,2033,2904, 952, 675,1467, # 1568
+3436,6121,2241,1096,1786,2440,1543,1924, 980,1813,2228, 781,2692,1879, 728,1918, # 1584
+3696,4624, 548,1950,4625,1809,1088,1356,3303,2522,1944, 502, 972, 373, 513,2827, # 1600
+ 586,2377,2391,1003,1976,1631,6122,2464,1084, 648,1776,4626,2141, 324, 962,2012, # 1616
+2177,2076,1384, 742,2178,1448,1173,1810, 222, 102, 301, 445, 125,2420, 662,2498, # 1632
+ 277, 200,1476,1165,1068, 224,2562,1378,1446, 450,1880, 659, 791, 582,4627,2939, # 1648
+3936,1516,1274, 555,2099,3697,1020,1389,1526,3380,1762,1723,1787,2229, 412,2114, # 1664
+1900,2392,3518, 512,2597, 427,1925,2341,3122,1653,1686,2465,2499, 697, 330, 273, # 1680
+ 380,2162, 951, 832, 780, 991,1301,3073, 965,2270,3519, 668,2523,2636,1286, 535, # 1696
+1407, 518, 671, 957,2658,2378, 267, 611,2197,3030,6123, 248,2299, 967,1799,2356, # 1712
+ 850,1418,3437,1876,1256,1480,2828,1718,6124,6125,1755,1664,2405,6126,4628,2879, # 1728
+2829, 499,2179, 676,4629, 557,2329,2214,2090, 325,3234, 464, 811,3001, 992,2342, # 1744
+2481,1232,1469, 303,2242, 466,1070,2163, 603,1777,2091,4630,2752,4631,2714, 322, # 1760
+2659,1964,1768, 481,2188,1463,2330,2857,3600,2092,3031,2421,4632,2318,2070,1849, # 1776
+2598,4633,1302,2254,1668,1701,2422,3811,2905,3032,3123,2046,4106,1763,1694,4634, # 1792
+1604, 943,1724,1454, 917, 868,2215,1169,2940, 552,1145,1800,1228,1823,1955, 316, # 1808
+1080,2510, 361,1807,2830,4107,2660,3381,1346,1423,1134,4108,6127, 541,1263,1229, # 1824
+1148,2540, 545, 465,1833,2880,3438,1901,3074,2482, 816,3937, 713,1788,2500, 122, # 1840
+1575, 195,1451,2501,1111,6128, 859, 374,1225,2243,2483,4317, 390,1033,3439,3075, # 1856
+2524,1687, 266, 793,1440,2599, 946, 779, 802, 507, 897,1081, 528,2189,1292, 711, # 1872
+1866,1725,1167,1640, 753, 398,2661,1053, 246, 348,4318, 137,1024,3440,1600,2077, # 1888
+2129, 825,4319, 698, 238, 521, 187,2300,1157,2423,1641,1605,1464,1610,1097,2541, # 1904
+1260,1436, 759,2255,1814,2150, 705,3235, 409,2563,3304, 561,3033,2005,2564, 726, # 1920
+1956,2343,3698,4109, 949,3812,3813,3520,1669, 653,1379,2525, 881,2198, 632,2256, # 1936
+1027, 778,1074, 733,1957, 514,1481,2466, 554,2180, 702,3938,1606,1017,1398,6129, # 1952
+1380,3521, 921, 993,1313, 594, 449,1489,1617,1166, 768,1426,1360, 495,1794,3601, # 1968
+1177,3602,1170,4320,2344, 476, 425,3167,4635,3168,1424, 401,2662,1171,3382,1998, # 1984
+1089,4110, 477,3169, 474,6130,1909, 596,2831,1842, 494, 693,1051,1028,1207,3076, # 2000
+ 606,2115, 727,2790,1473,1115, 743,3522, 630, 805,1532,4321,2021, 366,1057, 838, # 2016
+ 684,1114,2142,4322,2050,1492,1892,1808,2271,3814,2424,1971,1447,1373,3305,1090, # 2032
+1536,3939,3523,3306,1455,2199, 336, 369,2331,1035, 584,2393, 902, 718,2600,6131, # 2048
+2753, 463,2151,1149,1611,2467, 715,1308,3124,1268, 343,1413,3236,1517,1347,2663, # 2064
+2093,3940,2022,1131,1553,2100,2941,1427,3441,2942,1323,2484,6132,1980, 872,2368, # 2080
+2441,2943, 320,2369,2116,1082, 679,1933,3941,2791,3815, 625,1143,2023, 422,2200, # 2096
+3816,6133, 730,1695, 356,2257,1626,2301,2858,2637,1627,1778, 937, 883,2906,2693, # 2112
+3002,1769,1086, 400,1063,1325,3307,2792,4111,3077, 456,2345,1046, 747,6134,1524, # 2128
+ 884,1094,3383,1474,2164,1059, 974,1688,2181,2258,1047, 345,1665,1187, 358, 875, # 2144
+3170, 305, 660,3524,2190,1334,1135,3171,1540,1649,2542,1527, 927, 968,2793, 885, # 2160
+1972,1850, 482, 500,2638,1218,1109,1085,2543,1654,2034, 876,  78,2287,1482,1277, # 2176
+ 861,1675,1083,1779, 724,2754, 454, 397,1132,1612,2332, 893, 672,1237, 257,2259, # 2192
+2370, 135,3384, 337,2244, 547, 352, 340, 709,2485,1400, 788,1138,2511, 540, 772, # 2208
+1682,2260,2272,2544,2013,1843,1902,4636,1999,1562,2288,4637,2201,1403,1533, 407, # 2224
+ 576,3308,1254,2071, 978,3385, 170, 136,1201,3125,2664,3172,2394, 213, 912, 873, # 2240
+3603,1713,2202, 699,3604,3699, 813,3442, 493, 531,1054, 468,2907,1483, 304, 281, # 2256
+4112,1726,1252,2094, 339,2319,2130,2639, 756,1563,2944, 748, 571,2976,1588,2425, # 2272
+2715,1851,1460,2426,1528,1392,1973,3237, 288,3309, 685,3386, 296, 892,2716,2216, # 2288
+1570,2245, 722,1747,2217, 905,3238,1103,6135,1893,1441,1965, 251,1805,2371,3700, # 2304
+2601,1919,1078,  75,2182,1509,1592,1270,2640,4638,2152,6136,3310,3817, 524, 706, # 2320
+1075, 292,3818,1756,2602, 317,  98,3173,3605,3525,1844,2218,3819,2502, 814, 567, # 2336
+ 385,2908,1534,6137, 534,1642,3239, 797,6138,1670,1529, 953,4323, 188,1071, 538, # 2352
+ 178, 729,3240,2109,1226,1374,2000,2357,2977, 731,2468,1116,2014,2051,6139,1261, # 2368
+1593, 803,2859,2736,3443, 556, 682, 823,1541,6140,1369,2289,1706,2794, 845, 462, # 2384
+2603,2665,1361, 387, 162,2358,1740, 739,1770,1720,1304,1401,3241,1049, 627,1571, # 2400
+2427,3526,1877,3942,1852,1500, 431,1910,1503, 677, 297,2795, 286,1433,1038,1198, # 2416
+2290,1133,1596,4113,4639,2469,1510,1484,3943,6141,2442, 108, 712,4640,2372, 866, # 2432
+3701,2755,3242,1348, 834,1945,1408,3527,2395,3243,1811, 824, 994,1179,2110,1548, # 2448
+1453, 790,3003, 690,4324,4325,2832,2909,3820,1860,3821, 225,1748, 310, 346,1780, # 2464
+2470, 821,1993,2717,2796, 828, 877,3528,2860,2471,1702,2165,2910,2486,1789, 453, # 2480
+ 359,2291,1676,  73,1164,1461,1127,3311, 421, 604, 314,1037, 589, 116,2487, 737, # 2496
+ 837,1180, 111, 244, 735,6142,2261,1861,1362, 986, 523, 418, 581,2666,3822, 103, # 2512
+ 855, 503,1414,1867,2488,1091, 657,1597, 979, 605,1316,4641,1021,2443,2078,2001, # 2528
+1209,  96, 587,2166,1032, 260,1072,2153, 173,  94, 226,3244, 819,2006,4642,4114, # 2544
+2203, 231,1744, 782,  97,2667, 786,3387, 887, 391, 442,2219,4326,1425,6143,2694, # 2560
+ 633,1544,1202, 483,2015, 592,2052,1958,2472,1655, 419, 129,4327,3444,3312,1714, # 2576
+1257,3078,4328,1518,1098, 865,1310,1019,1885,1512,1734, 469,2444, 148, 773, 436, # 2592
+1815,1868,1128,1055,4329,1245,2756,3445,2154,1934,1039,4643, 579,1238, 932,2320, # 2608
+ 353, 205, 801, 115,2428, 944,2321,1881, 399,2565,1211, 678, 766,3944, 335,2101, # 2624
+1459,1781,1402,3945,2737,2131,1010, 844, 981,1326,1013, 550,1816,1545,2620,1335, # 2640
+1008, 371,2881, 936,1419,1613,3529,1456,1395,2273,1834,2604,1317,2738,2503, 416, # 2656
+1643,4330, 806,1126, 229, 591,3946,1314,1981,1576,1837,1666, 347,1790, 977,3313, # 2672
+ 764,2861,1853, 688,2429,1920,1462,  77, 595, 415,2002,3034, 798,1192,4115,6144, # 2688
+2978,4331,3035,2695,2582,2072,2566, 430,2430,1727, 842,1396,3947,3702, 613, 377, # 2704
+ 278, 236,1417,3388,3314,3174, 757,1869, 107,3530,6145,1194, 623,2262, 207,1253, # 2720
+2167,3446,3948, 492,1117,1935, 536,1838,2757,1246,4332, 696,2095,2406,1393,1572, # 2736
+3175,1782, 583, 190, 253,1390,2230, 830,3126,3389, 934,3245,1703,1749,2979,1870, # 2752
+2545,1656,2204, 869,2346,4116,3176,1817, 496,1764,4644, 942,1504, 404,1903,1122, # 2768
+1580,3606,2945,1022, 515, 372,1735, 955,2431,3036,6146,2797,1110,2302,2798, 617, # 2784
+6147, 441, 762,1771,3447,3607,3608,1904, 840,3037,  86, 939,1385, 572,1370,2445, # 2800
+1336, 114,3703, 898, 294, 203,3315, 703,1583,2274, 429, 961,4333,1854,1951,3390, # 2816
+2373,3704,4334,1318,1381, 966,1911,2322,1006,1155, 309, 989, 458,2718,1795,1372, # 2832
+1203, 252,1689,1363,3177, 517,1936, 168,1490, 562, 193,3823,1042,4117,1835, 551, # 2848
+ 470,4645, 395, 489,3448,1871,1465,2583,2641, 417,1493, 279,1295, 511,1236,1119, # 2864
+  72,1231,1982,1812,3004, 871,1564, 984,3449,1667,2696,2096,4646,2347,2833,1673, # 2880
+3609, 695,3246,2668, 807,1183,4647, 890, 388,2333,1801,1457,2911,1765,1477,1031, # 2896
+3316,3317,1278,3391,2799,2292,2526, 163,3450,4335,2669,1404,1802,6148,2323,2407, # 2912
+1584,1728,1494,1824,1269, 298, 909,3318,1034,1632, 375, 776,1683,2061, 291, 210, # 2928
+1123, 809,1249,1002,2642,3038, 206,1011,2132, 144, 975, 882,1565, 342, 667, 754, # 2944
+1442,2143,1299,2303,2062, 447, 626,2205,1221,2739,2912,1144,1214,2206,2584, 760, # 2960
+1715, 614, 950,1281,2670,2621, 810, 577,1287,2546,4648, 242,2168, 250,2643, 691, # 2976
+ 123,2644, 647, 313,1029, 689,1357,2946,1650, 216, 771,1339,1306, 808,2063, 549, # 2992
+ 913,1371,2913,2914,6149,1466,1092,1174,1196,1311,2605,2396,1783,1796,3079, 406, # 3008
+2671,2117,3949,4649, 487,1825,2220,6150,2915, 448,2348,1073,6151,2397,1707, 130, # 3024
+ 900,1598, 329, 176,1959,2527,1620,6152,2275,4336,3319,1983,2191,3705,3610,2155, # 3040
+3706,1912,1513,1614,6153,1988, 646, 392,2304,1589,3320,3039,1826,1239,1352,1340, # 3056
+2916, 505,2567,1709,1437,2408,2547, 906,6154,2672, 384,1458,1594,1100,1329, 710, # 3072
+ 423,3531,2064,2231,2622,1989,2673,1087,1882, 333, 841,3005,1296,2882,2379, 580, # 3088
+1937,1827,1293,2585, 601, 574, 249,1772,4118,2079,1120, 645, 901,1176,1690, 795, # 3104
+2207, 478,1434, 516,1190,1530, 761,2080, 930,1264, 355, 435,1552, 644,1791, 987, # 3120
+ 220,1364,1163,1121,1538, 306,2169,1327,1222, 546,2645, 218, 241, 610,1704,3321, # 3136
+1984,1839,1966,2528, 451,6155,2586,3707,2568, 907,3178, 254,2947, 186,1845,4650, # 3152
+ 745, 432,1757, 428,1633, 888,2246,2221,2489,3611,2118,1258,1265, 956,3127,1784, # 3168
+4337,2490, 319, 510, 119, 457,3612, 274,2035,2007,4651,1409,3128, 970,2758, 590, # 3184
+2800, 661,2247,4652,2008,3950,1420,1549,3080,3322,3951,1651,1375,2111, 485,2491, # 3200
+1429,1156,6156,2548,2183,1495, 831,1840,2529,2446, 501,1657, 307,1894,3247,1341, # 3216
+ 666, 899,2156,1539,2549,1559, 886, 349,2208,3081,2305,1736,3824,2170,2759,1014, # 3232
+1913,1386, 542,1397,2948, 490, 368, 716, 362, 159, 282,2569,1129,1658,1288,1750, # 3248
+2674, 276, 649,2016, 751,1496, 658,1818,1284,1862,2209,2087,2512,3451, 622,2834, # 3264
+ 376, 117,1060,2053,1208,1721,1101,1443, 247,1250,3179,1792,3952,2760,2398,3953, # 3280
+6157,2144,3708, 446,2432,1151,2570,3452,2447,2761,2835,1210,2448,3082, 424,2222, # 3296
+1251,2449,2119,2836, 504,1581,4338, 602, 817, 857,3825,2349,2306, 357,3826,1470, # 3312
+1883,2883, 255, 958, 929,2917,3248, 302,4653,1050,1271,1751,2307,1952,1430,2697, # 3328
+2719,2359, 354,3180, 777, 158,2036,4339,1659,4340,4654,2308,2949,2248,1146,2232, # 3344
+3532,2720,1696,2623,3827,6158,3129,1550,2698,1485,1297,1428, 637, 931,2721,2145, # 3360
+ 914,2550,2587,  81,2450, 612, 827,2646,1242,4655,1118,2884, 472,1855,3181,3533, # 3376
+3534, 569,1353,2699,1244,1758,2588,4119,2009,2762,2171,3709,1312,1531,6159,1152, # 3392
+1938, 134,1830, 471,3710,2276,1112,1535,3323,3453,3535, 982,1337,2950, 488, 826, # 3408
+ 674,1058,1628,4120,2017, 522,2399, 211, 568,1367,3454, 350, 293,1872,1139,3249, # 3424
+1399,1946,3006,1300,2360,3324, 588, 736,6160,2606, 744, 669,3536,3828,6161,1358, # 3440
+ 199, 723, 848, 933, 851,1939,1505,1514,1338,1618,1831,4656,1634,3613, 443,2740, # 3456
+3829, 717,1947, 491,1914,6162,2551,1542,4121,1025,6163,1099,1223, 198,3040,2722, # 3472
+ 370, 410,1905,2589, 998,1248,3182,2380, 519,1449,4122,1710, 947, 928,1153,4341, # 3488
+2277, 344,2624,1511, 615, 105, 161,1212,1076,1960,3130,2054,1926,1175,1906,2473, # 3504
+ 414,1873,2801,6164,2309, 315,1319,3325, 318,2018,2146,2157, 963, 631, 223,4342, # 3520
+4343,2675, 479,3711,1197,2625,3712,2676,2361,6165,4344,4123,6166,2451,3183,1886, # 3536
+2184,1674,1330,1711,1635,1506, 799, 219,3250,3083,3954,1677,3713,3326,2081,3614, # 3552
+1652,2073,4657,1147,3041,1752, 643,1961, 147,1974,3955,6167,1716,2037, 918,3007, # 3568
+1994, 120,1537, 118, 609,3184,4345, 740,3455,1219, 332,1615,3830,6168,1621,2980, # 3584
+1582, 783, 212, 553,2350,3714,1349,2433,2082,4124, 889,6169,2310,1275,1410, 973, # 3600
+ 166,1320,3456,1797,1215,3185,2885,1846,2590,2763,4658, 629, 822,3008, 763, 940, # 3616
+1990,2862, 439,2409,1566,1240,1622, 926,1282,1907,2764, 654,2210,1607, 327,1130, # 3632
+3956,1678,1623,6170,2434,2192, 686, 608,3831,3715, 903,3957,3042,6171,2741,1522, # 3648
+1915,1105,1555,2552,1359, 323,3251,4346,3457, 738,1354,2553,2311,2334,1828,2003, # 3664
+3832,1753,2351,1227,6172,1887,4125,1478,6173,2410,1874,1712,1847, 520,1204,2607, # 3680
+ 264,4659, 836,2677,2102, 600,4660,3833,2278,3084,6174,4347,3615,1342, 640, 532, # 3696
+ 543,2608,1888,2400,2591,1009,4348,1497, 341,1737,3616,2723,1394, 529,3252,1321, # 3712
+ 983,4661,1515,2120, 971,2592, 924, 287,1662,3186,4349,2700,4350,1519, 908,1948, # 3728
+2452, 156, 796,1629,1486,2223,2055, 694,4126,1259,1036,3392,1213,2249,2742,1889, # 3744
+1230,3958,1015, 910, 408, 559,3617,4662, 746, 725, 935,4663,3959,3009,1289, 563, # 3760
+ 867,4664,3960,1567,2981,2038,2626, 988,2263,2381,4351, 143,2374, 704,1895,6175, # 3776
+1188,3716,2088, 673,3085,2362,4352, 484,1608,1921,2765,2918, 215, 904,3618,3537, # 3792
+ 894, 509, 976,3043,2701,3961,4353,2837,2982, 498,6176,6177,1102,3538,1332,3393, # 3808
+1487,1636,1637, 233, 245,3962, 383, 650, 995,3044, 460,1520,1206,2352, 749,3327, # 3824
+ 530, 700, 389,1438,1560,1773,3963,2264, 719,2951,2724,3834, 870,1832,1644,1000, # 3840
+ 839,2474,3717, 197,1630,3394, 365,2886,3964,1285,2133, 734, 922, 818,1106, 732, # 3856
+ 480,2083,1774,3458, 923,2279,1350, 221,3086,  85,2233,2234,3835,1585,3010,2147, # 3872
+1387,1705,2382,1619,2475, 133, 239,2802,1991,1016,2084,2383, 411,2838,1113, 651, # 3888
+1985,1160,3328, 990,1863,3087,1048,1276,2647, 265,2627,1599,3253,2056, 150, 638, # 3904
+2019, 656, 853, 326,1479, 680,1439,4354,1001,1759, 413,3459,3395,2492,1431, 459, # 3920
+4355,1125,3329,2265,1953,1450,2065,2863, 849, 351,2678,3131,3254,3255,1104,1577, # 3936
+ 227,1351,1645,2453,2193,1421,2887, 812,2121, 634,  95,2435, 201,2312,4665,1646, # 3952
+1671,2743,1601,2554,2702,2648,2280,1315,1366,2089,3132,1573,3718,3965,1729,1189, # 3968
+ 328,2679,1077,1940,1136, 558,1283, 964,1195, 621,2074,1199,1743,3460,3619,1896, # 3984
+1916,1890,3836,2952,1154,2112,1064, 862, 378,3011,2066,2113,2803,1568,2839,6178, # 4000
+3088,2919,1941,1660,2004,1992,2194, 142, 707,1590,1708,1624,1922,1023,1836,1233, # 4016
+1004,2313, 789, 741,3620,6179,1609,2411,1200,4127,3719,3720,4666,2057,3721, 593, # 4032
+2840, 367,2920,1878,6180,3461,1521, 628,1168, 692,2211,2649, 300, 720,2067,2571, # 4048
+2953,3396, 959,2504,3966,3539,3462,1977, 701,6181, 954,1043, 800, 681, 183,3722, # 4064
+1803,1730,3540,4128,2103, 815,2314, 174, 467, 230,2454,1093,2134, 755,3541,3397, # 4080
+1141,1162,6182,1738,2039, 270,3256,2513,1005,1647,2185,3837, 858,1679,1897,1719, # 4096
+2954,2324,1806, 402, 670, 167,4129,1498,2158,2104, 750,6183, 915, 189,1680,1551, # 4112
+ 455,4356,1501,2455, 405,1095,2955, 338,1586,1266,1819, 570, 641,1324, 237,1556, # 4128
+2650,1388,3723,6184,1368,2384,1343,1978,3089,2436, 879,3724, 792,1191, 758,3012, # 4144
+1411,2135,1322,4357, 240,4667,1848,3725,1574,6185, 420,3045,1546,1391, 714,4358, # 4160
+1967, 941,1864, 863, 664, 426, 560,1731,2680,1785,2864,1949,2363, 403,3330,1415, # 4176
+1279,2136,1697,2335, 204, 721,2097,3838,  90,6186,2085,2505, 191,3967, 124,2148, # 4192
+1376,1798,1178,1107,1898,1405, 860,4359,1243,1272,2375,2983,1558,2456,1638, 113, # 4208
+3621, 578,1923,2609, 880, 386,4130, 784,2186,2266,1422,2956,2172,1722, 497, 263, # 4224
+2514,1267,2412,2610, 177,2703,3542, 774,1927,1344, 616,1432,1595,1018, 172,4360, # 4240
+2325, 911,4361, 438,1468,3622, 794,3968,2024,2173,1681,1829,2957, 945, 895,3090, # 4256
+ 575,2212,2476, 475,2401,2681, 785,2744,1745,2293,2555,1975,3133,2865, 394,4668, # 4272
+3839, 635,4131, 639, 202,1507,2195,2766,1345,1435,2572,3726,1908,1184,1181,2457, # 4288
+3727,3134,4362, 843,2611, 437, 916,4669, 234, 769,1884,3046,3047,3623, 833,6187, # 4304
+1639,2250,2402,1355,1185,2010,2047, 999, 525,1732,1290,1488,2612, 948,1578,3728, # 4320
+2413,2477,1216,2725,2159, 334,3840,1328,3624,2921,1525,4132, 564,1056, 891,4363, # 4336
+1444,1698,2385,2251,3729,1365,2281,2235,1717,6188, 864,3841,2515, 444, 527,2767, # 4352
+2922,3625, 544, 461,6189, 566, 209,2437,3398,2098,1065,2068,3331,3626,3257,2137, # 4368  #last 512
+)
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabfreq.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabfreq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c129699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabfreq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2382 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+# The frequency data itself is the same as euc-kr.
+# This is just a mapping table to euc-kr.
+
+JOHAB_TO_EUCKR_ORDER_TABLE = {
+    0x8861: 0,
+    0x8862: 1,
+    0x8865: 2,
+    0x8868: 3,
+    0x8869: 4,
+    0x886A: 5,
+    0x886B: 6,
+    0x8871: 7,
+    0x8873: 8,
+    0x8874: 9,
+    0x8875: 10,
+    0x8876: 11,
+    0x8877: 12,
+    0x8878: 13,
+    0x8879: 14,
+    0x887B: 15,
+    0x887C: 16,
+    0x887D: 17,
+    0x8881: 18,
+    0x8882: 19,
+    0x8885: 20,
+    0x8889: 21,
+    0x8891: 22,
+    0x8893: 23,
+    0x8895: 24,
+    0x8896: 25,
+    0x8897: 26,
+    0x88A1: 27,
+    0x88A2: 28,
+    0x88A5: 29,
+    0x88A9: 30,
+    0x88B5: 31,
+    0x88B7: 32,
+    0x88C1: 33,
+    0x88C5: 34,
+    0x88C9: 35,
+    0x88E1: 36,
+    0x88E2: 37,
+    0x88E5: 38,
+    0x88E8: 39,
+    0x88E9: 40,
+    0x88EB: 41,
+    0x88F1: 42,
+    0x88F3: 43,
+    0x88F5: 44,
+    0x88F6: 45,
+    0x88F7: 46,
+    0x88F8: 47,
+    0x88FB: 48,
+    0x88FC: 49,
+    0x88FD: 50,
+    0x8941: 51,
+    0x8945: 52,
+    0x8949: 53,
+    0x8951: 54,
+    0x8953: 55,
+    0x8955: 56,
+    0x8956: 57,
+    0x8957: 58,
+    0x8961: 59,
+    0x8962: 60,
+    0x8963: 61,
+    0x8965: 62,
+    0x8968: 63,
+    0x8969: 64,
+    0x8971: 65,
+    0x8973: 66,
+    0x8975: 67,
+    0x8976: 68,
+    0x8977: 69,
+    0x897B: 70,
+    0x8981: 71,
+    0x8985: 72,
+    0x8989: 73,
+    0x8993: 74,
+    0x8995: 75,
+    0x89A1: 76,
+    0x89A2: 77,
+    0x89A5: 78,
+    0x89A8: 79,
+    0x89A9: 80,
+    0x89AB: 81,
+    0x89AD: 82,
+    0x89B0: 83,
+    0x89B1: 84,
+    0x89B3: 85,
+    0x89B5: 86,
+    0x89B7: 87,
+    0x89B8: 88,
+    0x89C1: 89,
+    0x89C2: 90,
+    0x89C5: 91,
+    0x89C9: 92,
+    0x89CB: 93,
+    0x89D1: 94,
+    0x89D3: 95,
+    0x89D5: 96,
+    0x89D7: 97,
+    0x89E1: 98,
+    0x89E5: 99,
+    0x89E9: 100,
+    0x89F3: 101,
+    0x89F6: 102,
+    0x89F7: 103,
+    0x8A41: 104,
+    0x8A42: 105,
+    0x8A45: 106,
+    0x8A49: 107,
+    0x8A51: 108,
+    0x8A53: 109,
+    0x8A55: 110,
+    0x8A57: 111,
+    0x8A61: 112,
+    0x8A65: 113,
+    0x8A69: 114,
+    0x8A73: 115,
+    0x8A75: 116,
+    0x8A81: 117,
+    0x8A82: 118,
+    0x8A85: 119,
+    0x8A88: 120,
+    0x8A89: 121,
+    0x8A8A: 122,
+    0x8A8B: 123,
+    0x8A90: 124,
+    0x8A91: 125,
+    0x8A93: 126,
+    0x8A95: 127,
+    0x8A97: 128,
+    0x8A98: 129,
+    0x8AA1: 130,
+    0x8AA2: 131,
+    0x8AA5: 132,
+    0x8AA9: 133,
+    0x8AB6: 134,
+    0x8AB7: 135,
+    0x8AC1: 136,
+    0x8AD5: 137,
+    0x8AE1: 138,
+    0x8AE2: 139,
+    0x8AE5: 140,
+    0x8AE9: 141,
+    0x8AF1: 142,
+    0x8AF3: 143,
+    0x8AF5: 144,
+    0x8B41: 145,
+    0x8B45: 146,
+    0x8B49: 147,
+    0x8B61: 148,
+    0x8B62: 149,
+    0x8B65: 150,
+    0x8B68: 151,
+    0x8B69: 152,
+    0x8B6A: 153,
+    0x8B71: 154,
+    0x8B73: 155,
+    0x8B75: 156,
+    0x8B77: 157,
+    0x8B81: 158,
+    0x8BA1: 159,
+    0x8BA2: 160,
+    0x8BA5: 161,
+    0x8BA8: 162,
+    0x8BA9: 163,
+    0x8BAB: 164,
+    0x8BB1: 165,
+    0x8BB3: 166,
+    0x8BB5: 167,
+    0x8BB7: 168,
+    0x8BB8: 169,
+    0x8BBC: 170,
+    0x8C61: 171,
+    0x8C62: 172,
+    0x8C63: 173,
+    0x8C65: 174,
+    0x8C69: 175,
+    0x8C6B: 176,
+    0x8C71: 177,
+    0x8C73: 178,
+    0x8C75: 179,
+    0x8C76: 180,
+    0x8C77: 181,
+    0x8C7B: 182,
+    0x8C81: 183,
+    0x8C82: 184,
+    0x8C85: 185,
+    0x8C89: 186,
+    0x8C91: 187,
+    0x8C93: 188,
+    0x8C95: 189,
+    0x8C96: 190,
+    0x8C97: 191,
+    0x8CA1: 192,
+    0x8CA2: 193,
+    0x8CA9: 194,
+    0x8CE1: 195,
+    0x8CE2: 196,
+    0x8CE3: 197,
+    0x8CE5: 198,
+    0x8CE9: 199,
+    0x8CF1: 200,
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+    0xC485: 1900,
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+    0xC493: 1903,
+    0xC495: 1904,
+    0xC496: 1905,
+    0xC497: 1906,
+    0xC4A1: 1907,
+    0xC4A2: 1908,
+    0xC4B7: 1909,
+    0xC4E1: 1910,
+    0xC4E2: 1911,
+    0xC4E5: 1912,
+    0xC4E8: 1913,
+    0xC4E9: 1914,
+    0xC4F1: 1915,
+    0xC4F3: 1916,
+    0xC4F5: 1917,
+    0xC4F6: 1918,
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+    0xC542: 1921,
+    0xC545: 1922,
+    0xC549: 1923,
+    0xC551: 1924,
+    0xC553: 1925,
+    0xC555: 1926,
+    0xC557: 1927,
+    0xC561: 1928,
+    0xC565: 1929,
+    0xC569: 1930,
+    0xC571: 1931,
+    0xC573: 1932,
+    0xC575: 1933,
+    0xC576: 1934,
+    0xC577: 1935,
+    0xC581: 1936,
+    0xC5A1: 1937,
+    0xC5A2: 1938,
+    0xC5A5: 1939,
+    0xC5A9: 1940,
+    0xC5B1: 1941,
+    0xC5B3: 1942,
+    0xC5B5: 1943,
+    0xC5B7: 1944,
+    0xC5C1: 1945,
+    0xC5C2: 1946,
+    0xC5C5: 1947,
+    0xC5C9: 1948,
+    0xC5D1: 1949,
+    0xC5D7: 1950,
+    0xC5E1: 1951,
+    0xC5F7: 1952,
+    0xC641: 1953,
+    0xC649: 1954,
+    0xC661: 1955,
+    0xC681: 1956,
+    0xC682: 1957,
+    0xC685: 1958,
+    0xC689: 1959,
+    0xC691: 1960,
+    0xC693: 1961,
+    0xC695: 1962,
+    0xC697: 1963,
+    0xC6A1: 1964,
+    0xC6A5: 1965,
+    0xC6A9: 1966,
+    0xC6B7: 1967,
+    0xC6C1: 1968,
+    0xC6D7: 1969,
+    0xC6E1: 1970,
+    0xC6E2: 1971,
+    0xC6E5: 1972,
+    0xC6E9: 1973,
+    0xC6F1: 1974,
+    0xC6F3: 1975,
+    0xC6F5: 1976,
+    0xC6F7: 1977,
+    0xC741: 1978,
+    0xC745: 1979,
+    0xC749: 1980,
+    0xC751: 1981,
+    0xC761: 1982,
+    0xC762: 1983,
+    0xC765: 1984,
+    0xC769: 1985,
+    0xC771: 1986,
+    0xC773: 1987,
+    0xC777: 1988,
+    0xC7A1: 1989,
+    0xC7A2: 1990,
+    0xC7A5: 1991,
+    0xC7A9: 1992,
+    0xC7B1: 1993,
+    0xC7B3: 1994,
+    0xC7B5: 1995,
+    0xC7B7: 1996,
+    0xC861: 1997,
+    0xC862: 1998,
+    0xC865: 1999,
+    0xC869: 2000,
+    0xC86A: 2001,
+    0xC871: 2002,
+    0xC873: 2003,
+    0xC875: 2004,
+    0xC876: 2005,
+    0xC877: 2006,
+    0xC881: 2007,
+    0xC882: 2008,
+    0xC885: 2009,
+    0xC889: 2010,
+    0xC891: 2011,
+    0xC893: 2012,
+    0xC895: 2013,
+    0xC896: 2014,
+    0xC897: 2015,
+    0xC8A1: 2016,
+    0xC8B7: 2017,
+    0xC8E1: 2018,
+    0xC8E2: 2019,
+    0xC8E5: 2020,
+    0xC8E9: 2021,
+    0xC8EB: 2022,
+    0xC8F1: 2023,
+    0xC8F3: 2024,
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+    0xD185: 2255,
+    0xD189: 2256,
+    0xD193: 2257,
+    0xD1A1: 2258,
+    0xD1A2: 2259,
+    0xD1A5: 2260,
+    0xD1A9: 2261,
+    0xD1AE: 2262,
+    0xD1B1: 2263,
+    0xD1B3: 2264,
+    0xD1B5: 2265,
+    0xD1B7: 2266,
+    0xD1BB: 2267,
+    0xD1C1: 2268,
+    0xD1C2: 2269,
+    0xD1C5: 2270,
+    0xD1C9: 2271,
+    0xD1D5: 2272,
+    0xD1D7: 2273,
+    0xD1E1: 2274,
+    0xD1E2: 2275,
+    0xD1E5: 2276,
+    0xD1F5: 2277,
+    0xD1F7: 2278,
+    0xD241: 2279,
+    0xD242: 2280,
+    0xD245: 2281,
+    0xD249: 2282,
+    0xD253: 2283,
+    0xD255: 2284,
+    0xD257: 2285,
+    0xD261: 2286,
+    0xD265: 2287,
+    0xD269: 2288,
+    0xD273: 2289,
+    0xD275: 2290,
+    0xD281: 2291,
+    0xD282: 2292,
+    0xD285: 2293,
+    0xD289: 2294,
+    0xD28E: 2295,
+    0xD291: 2296,
+    0xD295: 2297,
+    0xD297: 2298,
+    0xD2A1: 2299,
+    0xD2A5: 2300,
+    0xD2A9: 2301,
+    0xD2B1: 2302,
+    0xD2B7: 2303,
+    0xD2C1: 2304,
+    0xD2C2: 2305,
+    0xD2C5: 2306,
+    0xD2C9: 2307,
+    0xD2D7: 2308,
+    0xD2E1: 2309,
+    0xD2E2: 2310,
+    0xD2E5: 2311,
+    0xD2E9: 2312,
+    0xD2F1: 2313,
+    0xD2F3: 2314,
+    0xD2F5: 2315,
+    0xD2F7: 2316,
+    0xD341: 2317,
+    0xD342: 2318,
+    0xD345: 2319,
+    0xD349: 2320,
+    0xD351: 2321,
+    0xD355: 2322,
+    0xD357: 2323,
+    0xD361: 2324,
+    0xD362: 2325,
+    0xD365: 2326,
+    0xD367: 2327,
+    0xD368: 2328,
+    0xD369: 2329,
+    0xD36A: 2330,
+    0xD371: 2331,
+    0xD373: 2332,
+    0xD375: 2333,
+    0xD377: 2334,
+    0xD37B: 2335,
+    0xD381: 2336,
+    0xD385: 2337,
+    0xD389: 2338,
+    0xD391: 2339,
+    0xD393: 2340,
+    0xD397: 2341,
+    0xD3A1: 2342,
+    0xD3A2: 2343,
+    0xD3A5: 2344,
+    0xD3A9: 2345,
+    0xD3B1: 2346,
+    0xD3B3: 2347,
+    0xD3B5: 2348,
+    0xD3B7: 2349,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7364ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/johabprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .chardistribution import JOHABDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import JOHAB_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class JOHABProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(JOHAB_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = JOHABDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "Johab"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Korean"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jpcntx.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jpcntx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f53bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/jpcntx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+# This is hiragana 2-char sequence table, the number in each cell represents its frequency category
+# fmt: off
+jp2_char_context = (
+    (0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
+    (2, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 0, 3, 5, 4, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 2, 0, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 2, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 4, 5, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 3, 3, 1, 5, 3, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 1, 3, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 0, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 5, 2, 2, 1, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 4, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 4, 4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 0, 2, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 2, 2, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (1, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 0, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 5, 4),
+    (0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 0, 5, 4, 1, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 0, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 1, 3),
+    (0, 3, 1, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 1, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 0, 3, 5, 5, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 0, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 0, 3, 0, 1, 4, 5),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 2, 3),
+    (2, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 3, 4, 5, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 5),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 4, 4, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (1, 4, 1, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 0, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 1, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 0, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 5, 0, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 0, 4, 3, 0, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 5),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 4, 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 5, 2, 1, 0, 5, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 2, 5, 3, 4, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 5),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0, 1, 4, 4),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 4, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 3, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 0, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4),
+    (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1),
+    (0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 1, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 1, 5, 1, 4, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 5, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 4, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (1, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 4, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 4, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 4, 1, 4, 2, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0),
+    (0, 5, 1, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 5, 4, 4, 5, 1, 5, 3, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3),
+    (0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 4, 0, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 0, 3, 5, 5, 4, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 0, 4, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 0, 5, 5),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 0, 5, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 0, 3, 5, 4, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 5, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 0, 2, 2, 0, 4, 4),
+    (2, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 4, 1, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 3, 5),
+    (0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 5, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 1, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 0, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 2, 0, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 3, 4, 5, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 5, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 5, 3),
+    (0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 4, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 0, 4, 2, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 5, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 0, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 1, 4, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 4, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 0, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 3, 3, 0, 1, 4, 2, 3, 0, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 2, 2, 0, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 4, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 4, 4, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 4),
+    (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 4, 2, 5, 1, 4, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 2, 4, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 5, 5, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3),
+    (2, 4, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 2, 3, 0, 5, 5, 4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3, 0, 5, 3, 2, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 3, 0, 4, 3, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 5, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 4, 1, 3, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 3, 1, 5, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 2, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 4),
+    (0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 2, 0, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 1, 5, 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 3, 4),
+    (1, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 4, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 3, 4, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 2),
+    (0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 1, 4, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3),
+    (0, 2, 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 0, 0, 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 1, 4, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 2, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 0, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 5),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 4, 2, 4, 4, 3, 1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 1, 5, 4, 3, 0, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 1, 0, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 0, 5, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 5, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 3, 5, 5, 4, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 1, 1, 5, 1, 4, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 0, 0, 4, 1, 0, 4, 4),
+    (1, 3, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 0, 0, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 4, 2, 0, 5, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 0, 4, 2, 0, 5, 4),
+    (0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 1, 1, 4, 4, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 4, 1, 0, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 4, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 4),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2, 3, 0, 0, 3, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 3),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
+    (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2),
+    (0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 0, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1, 4, 0, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 3),
+    (0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 1),
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+
+class JapaneseContextAnalysis:
+    NUM_OF_CATEGORY = 6
+    DONT_KNOW = -1
+    ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD = 100
+    MAX_REL_THRESHOLD = 1000
+    MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD = 4
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._total_rel = 0
+        self._rel_sample: List[int] = []
+        self._need_to_skip_char_num = 0
+        self._last_char_order = -1
+        self._done = False
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._total_rel = 0  # total sequence received
+        # category counters, each integer counts sequence in its category
+        self._rel_sample = [0] * self.NUM_OF_CATEGORY
+        # if last byte in current buffer is not the last byte of a character,
+        # we need to know how many bytes to skip in next buffer
+        self._need_to_skip_char_num = 0
+        self._last_char_order = -1  # The order of previous char
+        # If this flag is set to True, detection is done and conclusion has
+        # been made
+        self._done = False
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray], num_bytes: int) -> None:
+        if self._done:
+            return
+
+        # The buffer we got is byte oriented, and a character may span in more than one
+        # buffers. In case the last one or two byte in last buffer is not
+        # complete, we record how many byte needed to complete that character
+        # and skip these bytes here.  We can choose to record those bytes as
+        # well and analyse the character once it is complete, but since a
+        # character will not make much difference, by simply skipping
+        # this character will simply our logic and improve performance.
+        i = self._need_to_skip_char_num
+        while i < num_bytes:
+            order, char_len = self.get_order(byte_str[i : i + 2])
+            i += char_len
+            if i > num_bytes:
+                self._need_to_skip_char_num = i - num_bytes
+                self._last_char_order = -1
+            else:
+                if (order != -1) and (self._last_char_order != -1):
+                    self._total_rel += 1
+                    if self._total_rel > self.MAX_REL_THRESHOLD:
+                        self._done = True
+                        break
+                    self._rel_sample[
+                        jp2_char_context[self._last_char_order][order]
+                    ] += 1
+                self._last_char_order = order
+
+    def got_enough_data(self) -> bool:
+        return self._total_rel > self.ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        # This is just one way to calculate confidence. It works well for me.
+        if self._total_rel > self.MINIMUM_DATA_THRESHOLD:
+            return (self._total_rel - self._rel_sample[0]) / self._total_rel
+        return self.DONT_KNOW
+
+    def get_order(self, _: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        return -1, 1
+
+
+class SJISContextAnalysis(JapaneseContextAnalysis):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._charset_name = "SHIFT_JIS"
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return self._charset_name
+
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        if not byte_str:
+            return -1, 1
+        # find out current char's byte length
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if (0x81 <= first_char <= 0x9F) or (0xE0 <= first_char <= 0xFC):
+            char_len = 2
+            if (first_char == 0x87) or (0xFA <= first_char <= 0xFC):
+                self._charset_name = "CP932"
+        else:
+            char_len = 1
+
+        # return its order if it is hiragana
+        if len(byte_str) > 1:
+            second_char = byte_str[1]
+            if (first_char == 202) and (0x9F <= second_char <= 0xF1):
+                return second_char - 0x9F, char_len
+
+        return -1, char_len
+
+
+class EUCJPContextAnalysis(JapaneseContextAnalysis):
+    def get_order(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        if not byte_str:
+            return -1, 1
+        # find out current char's byte length
+        first_char = byte_str[0]
+        if (first_char == 0x8E) or (0xA1 <= first_char <= 0xFE):
+            char_len = 2
+        elif first_char == 0x8F:
+            char_len = 3
+        else:
+            char_len = 1
+
+        # return its order if it is hiragana
+        if len(byte_str) > 1:
+            second_char = byte_str[1]
+            if (first_char == 0xA4) and (0xA1 <= second_char <= 0xF3):
+                return second_char - 0xA1, char_len
+
+        return -1, char_len
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langbulgarianmodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langbulgarianmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9946682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langbulgarianmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4649 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+BULGARIAN_LANG_MODEL = {
+    63: {  # 'e'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    45: {  # '\xad'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'А'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 2,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 2,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'Б'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 2,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 2,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'В'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 2,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Г'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'Д'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'Е'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 2,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Ж'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'З'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'И'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 2,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 2,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 2,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Й'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'К'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'Л'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 2,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'М'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'Н'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'О'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 1,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 2,  # 'М'
+        36: 2,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 2,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'П'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 2,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'Р'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 2,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'С'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 3,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 2,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 2,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'Т'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 2,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 2,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 1,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'У'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 2,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'Ф'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 2,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'Х'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'Ц'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 2,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 2,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 2,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Ч'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 2,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 1,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'Щ'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 1,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Ъ'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 1,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 2,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 1,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 1,  # 'Х'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'Ю'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 2,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Я'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        36: 1,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 2,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'а'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 1,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'б'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'в'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 1,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'г'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'д'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'е'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'ж'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'з'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'и'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 1,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 1,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 1,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'й'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'к'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 1,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 1,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'л'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 1,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'м'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 1,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'н'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 1,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 2,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'о'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 2,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 3,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 3,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'п'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'р'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 3,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'с'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'т'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 2,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'у'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 2,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 2,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 3,  # 'ш'
+        24: 2,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ф'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 2,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'х'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ц'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 1,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 1,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 1,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'ч'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 1,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 1,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 2,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 1,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 1,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 2,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 2,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'щ'
+        63: 1,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 3,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 3,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 3,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 1,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 3,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ъ'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 3,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 3,  # 'ж'
+        15: 3,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 3,  # 'п'
+        7: 3,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 2,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 2,  # 'ш'
+        24: 3,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'ь'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 1,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 1,  # 'н'
+        4: 3,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 1,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 1,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ю'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 1,  # 'а'
+        18: 2,  # 'б'
+        9: 1,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 2,  # 'д'
+        3: 1,  # 'е'
+        23: 2,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 1,  # 'й'
+        12: 2,  # 'к'
+        10: 2,  # 'л'
+        14: 2,  # 'м'
+        6: 2,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 1,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 2,  # 'с'
+        5: 2,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 1,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 3,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 1,  # 'щ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'я'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 1,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 3,  # 'б'
+        9: 3,  # 'в'
+        20: 2,  # 'г'
+        11: 3,  # 'д'
+        3: 2,  # 'е'
+        23: 1,  # 'ж'
+        15: 2,  # 'з'
+        2: 1,  # 'и'
+        26: 2,  # 'й'
+        12: 3,  # 'к'
+        10: 3,  # 'л'
+        14: 3,  # 'м'
+        6: 3,  # 'н'
+        4: 1,  # 'о'
+        13: 2,  # 'п'
+        7: 2,  # 'р'
+        8: 3,  # 'с'
+        5: 3,  # 'т'
+        19: 1,  # 'у'
+        29: 1,  # 'ф'
+        25: 3,  # 'х'
+        22: 2,  # 'ц'
+        21: 1,  # 'ч'
+        27: 1,  # 'ш'
+        24: 2,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'є'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+    62: {  # '№'
+        63: 0,  # 'e'
+        45: 0,  # '\xad'
+        31: 0,  # 'А'
+        32: 0,  # 'Б'
+        35: 0,  # 'В'
+        43: 0,  # 'Г'
+        37: 0,  # 'Д'
+        44: 0,  # 'Е'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        47: 0,  # 'З'
+        40: 0,  # 'И'
+        59: 0,  # 'Й'
+        33: 0,  # 'К'
+        46: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        36: 0,  # 'Н'
+        41: 0,  # 'О'
+        30: 0,  # 'П'
+        39: 0,  # 'Р'
+        28: 0,  # 'С'
+        34: 0,  # 'Т'
+        51: 0,  # 'У'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        49: 0,  # 'Х'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        57: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ъ'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        56: 0,  # 'Я'
+        1: 0,  # 'а'
+        18: 0,  # 'б'
+        9: 0,  # 'в'
+        20: 0,  # 'г'
+        11: 0,  # 'д'
+        3: 0,  # 'е'
+        23: 0,  # 'ж'
+        15: 0,  # 'з'
+        2: 0,  # 'и'
+        26: 0,  # 'й'
+        12: 0,  # 'к'
+        10: 0,  # 'л'
+        14: 0,  # 'м'
+        6: 0,  # 'н'
+        4: 0,  # 'о'
+        13: 0,  # 'п'
+        7: 0,  # 'р'
+        8: 0,  # 'с'
+        5: 0,  # 'т'
+        19: 0,  # 'у'
+        29: 0,  # 'ф'
+        25: 0,  # 'х'
+        22: 0,  # 'ц'
+        21: 0,  # 'ч'
+        27: 0,  # 'ш'
+        24: 0,  # 'щ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ь'
+        42: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+        58: 0,  # 'є'
+        62: 0,  # '№'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 77,  # 'A'
+    66: 90,  # 'B'
+    67: 99,  # 'C'
+    68: 100,  # 'D'
+    69: 72,  # 'E'
+    70: 109,  # 'F'
+    71: 107,  # 'G'
+    72: 101,  # 'H'
+    73: 79,  # 'I'
+    74: 185,  # 'J'
+    75: 81,  # 'K'
+    76: 102,  # 'L'
+    77: 76,  # 'M'
+    78: 94,  # 'N'
+    79: 82,  # 'O'
+    80: 110,  # 'P'
+    81: 186,  # 'Q'
+    82: 108,  # 'R'
+    83: 91,  # 'S'
+    84: 74,  # 'T'
+    85: 119,  # 'U'
+    86: 84,  # 'V'
+    87: 96,  # 'W'
+    88: 111,  # 'X'
+    89: 187,  # 'Y'
+    90: 115,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 65,  # 'a'
+    98: 69,  # 'b'
+    99: 70,  # 'c'
+    100: 66,  # 'd'
+    101: 63,  # 'e'
+    102: 68,  # 'f'
+    103: 112,  # 'g'
+    104: 103,  # 'h'
+    105: 92,  # 'i'
+    106: 194,  # 'j'
+    107: 104,  # 'k'
+    108: 95,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 87,  # 'n'
+    111: 71,  # 'o'
+    112: 116,  # 'p'
+    113: 195,  # 'q'
+    114: 85,  # 'r'
+    115: 93,  # 's'
+    116: 97,  # 't'
+    117: 113,  # 'u'
+    118: 196,  # 'v'
+    119: 197,  # 'w'
+    120: 198,  # 'x'
+    121: 199,  # 'y'
+    122: 200,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 194,  # '\x80'
+    129: 195,  # '\x81'
+    130: 196,  # '\x82'
+    131: 197,  # '\x83'
+    132: 198,  # '\x84'
+    133: 199,  # '\x85'
+    134: 200,  # '\x86'
+    135: 201,  # '\x87'
+    136: 202,  # '\x88'
+    137: 203,  # '\x89'
+    138: 204,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 205,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 206,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 207,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 208,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 209,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 210,  # '\x90'
+    145: 211,  # '\x91'
+    146: 212,  # '\x92'
+    147: 213,  # '\x93'
+    148: 214,  # '\x94'
+    149: 215,  # '\x95'
+    150: 216,  # '\x96'
+    151: 217,  # '\x97'
+    152: 218,  # '\x98'
+    153: 219,  # '\x99'
+    154: 220,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 221,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 222,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 223,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 224,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 225,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 81,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 226,  # 'Ё'
+    162: 227,  # 'Ђ'
+    163: 228,  # 'Ѓ'
+    164: 229,  # 'Є'
+    165: 230,  # 'Ѕ'
+    166: 105,  # 'І'
+    167: 231,  # 'Ї'
+    168: 232,  # 'Ј'
+    169: 233,  # 'Љ'
+    170: 234,  # 'Њ'
+    171: 235,  # 'Ћ'
+    172: 236,  # 'Ќ'
+    173: 45,  # '\xad'
+    174: 237,  # 'Ў'
+    175: 238,  # 'Џ'
+    176: 31,  # 'А'
+    177: 32,  # 'Б'
+    178: 35,  # 'В'
+    179: 43,  # 'Г'
+    180: 37,  # 'Д'
+    181: 44,  # 'Е'
+    182: 55,  # 'Ж'
+    183: 47,  # 'З'
+    184: 40,  # 'И'
+    185: 59,  # 'Й'
+    186: 33,  # 'К'
+    187: 46,  # 'Л'
+    188: 38,  # 'М'
+    189: 36,  # 'Н'
+    190: 41,  # 'О'
+    191: 30,  # 'П'
+    192: 39,  # 'Р'
+    193: 28,  # 'С'
+    194: 34,  # 'Т'
+    195: 51,  # 'У'
+    196: 48,  # 'Ф'
+    197: 49,  # 'Х'
+    198: 53,  # 'Ц'
+    199: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    200: 54,  # 'Ш'
+    201: 57,  # 'Щ'
+    202: 61,  # 'Ъ'
+    203: 239,  # 'Ы'
+    204: 67,  # 'Ь'
+    205: 240,  # 'Э'
+    206: 60,  # 'Ю'
+    207: 56,  # 'Я'
+    208: 1,  # 'а'
+    209: 18,  # 'б'
+    210: 9,  # 'в'
+    211: 20,  # 'г'
+    212: 11,  # 'д'
+    213: 3,  # 'е'
+    214: 23,  # 'ж'
+    215: 15,  # 'з'
+    216: 2,  # 'и'
+    217: 26,  # 'й'
+    218: 12,  # 'к'
+    219: 10,  # 'л'
+    220: 14,  # 'м'
+    221: 6,  # 'н'
+    222: 4,  # 'о'
+    223: 13,  # 'п'
+    224: 7,  # 'р'
+    225: 8,  # 'с'
+    226: 5,  # 'т'
+    227: 19,  # 'у'
+    228: 29,  # 'ф'
+    229: 25,  # 'х'
+    230: 22,  # 'ц'
+    231: 21,  # 'ч'
+    232: 27,  # 'ш'
+    233: 24,  # 'щ'
+    234: 17,  # 'ъ'
+    235: 75,  # 'ы'
+    236: 52,  # 'ь'
+    237: 241,  # 'э'
+    238: 42,  # 'ю'
+    239: 16,  # 'я'
+    240: 62,  # '№'
+    241: 242,  # 'ё'
+    242: 243,  # 'ђ'
+    243: 244,  # 'ѓ'
+    244: 58,  # 'є'
+    245: 245,  # 'ѕ'
+    246: 98,  # 'і'
+    247: 246,  # 'ї'
+    248: 247,  # 'ј'
+    249: 248,  # 'љ'
+    250: 249,  # 'њ'
+    251: 250,  # 'ћ'
+    252: 251,  # 'ќ'
+    253: 91,  # '§'
+    254: 252,  # 'ў'
+    255: 253,  # 'џ'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-5",
+    language="Bulgarian",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=BULGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.969392,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюя",
+)
+
+WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 77,  # 'A'
+    66: 90,  # 'B'
+    67: 99,  # 'C'
+    68: 100,  # 'D'
+    69: 72,  # 'E'
+    70: 109,  # 'F'
+    71: 107,  # 'G'
+    72: 101,  # 'H'
+    73: 79,  # 'I'
+    74: 185,  # 'J'
+    75: 81,  # 'K'
+    76: 102,  # 'L'
+    77: 76,  # 'M'
+    78: 94,  # 'N'
+    79: 82,  # 'O'
+    80: 110,  # 'P'
+    81: 186,  # 'Q'
+    82: 108,  # 'R'
+    83: 91,  # 'S'
+    84: 74,  # 'T'
+    85: 119,  # 'U'
+    86: 84,  # 'V'
+    87: 96,  # 'W'
+    88: 111,  # 'X'
+    89: 187,  # 'Y'
+    90: 115,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 65,  # 'a'
+    98: 69,  # 'b'
+    99: 70,  # 'c'
+    100: 66,  # 'd'
+    101: 63,  # 'e'
+    102: 68,  # 'f'
+    103: 112,  # 'g'
+    104: 103,  # 'h'
+    105: 92,  # 'i'
+    106: 194,  # 'j'
+    107: 104,  # 'k'
+    108: 95,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 87,  # 'n'
+    111: 71,  # 'o'
+    112: 116,  # 'p'
+    113: 195,  # 'q'
+    114: 85,  # 'r'
+    115: 93,  # 's'
+    116: 97,  # 't'
+    117: 113,  # 'u'
+    118: 196,  # 'v'
+    119: 197,  # 'w'
+    120: 198,  # 'x'
+    121: 199,  # 'y'
+    122: 200,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 206,  # 'Ђ'
+    129: 207,  # 'Ѓ'
+    130: 208,  # '‚'
+    131: 209,  # 'ѓ'
+    132: 210,  # '„'
+    133: 211,  # '…'
+    134: 212,  # '†'
+    135: 213,  # '‡'
+    136: 120,  # '€'
+    137: 214,  # '‰'
+    138: 215,  # 'Љ'
+    139: 216,  # '‹'
+    140: 217,  # 'Њ'
+    141: 218,  # 'Ќ'
+    142: 219,  # 'Ћ'
+    143: 220,  # 'Џ'
+    144: 221,  # 'ђ'
+    145: 78,  # '‘'
+    146: 64,  # '’'
+    147: 83,  # '“'
+    148: 121,  # '”'
+    149: 98,  # '•'
+    150: 117,  # '–'
+    151: 105,  # '—'
+    152: 222,  # None
+    153: 223,  # '™'
+    154: 224,  # 'љ'
+    155: 225,  # '›'
+    156: 226,  # 'њ'
+    157: 227,  # 'ќ'
+    158: 228,  # 'ћ'
+    159: 229,  # 'џ'
+    160: 88,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 230,  # 'Ў'
+    162: 231,  # 'ў'
+    163: 232,  # 'Ј'
+    164: 233,  # '¤'
+    165: 122,  # 'Ґ'
+    166: 89,  # '¦'
+    167: 106,  # '§'
+    168: 234,  # 'Ё'
+    169: 235,  # '©'
+    170: 236,  # 'Є'
+    171: 237,  # '«'
+    172: 238,  # '¬'
+    173: 45,  # '\xad'
+    174: 239,  # '®'
+    175: 240,  # 'Ї'
+    176: 73,  # '°'
+    177: 80,  # '±'
+    178: 118,  # 'І'
+    179: 114,  # 'і'
+    180: 241,  # 'ґ'
+    181: 242,  # 'µ'
+    182: 243,  # '¶'
+    183: 244,  # '·'
+    184: 245,  # 'ё'
+    185: 62,  # '№'
+    186: 58,  # 'є'
+    187: 246,  # '»'
+    188: 247,  # 'ј'
+    189: 248,  # 'Ѕ'
+    190: 249,  # 'ѕ'
+    191: 250,  # 'ї'
+    192: 31,  # 'А'
+    193: 32,  # 'Б'
+    194: 35,  # 'В'
+    195: 43,  # 'Г'
+    196: 37,  # 'Д'
+    197: 44,  # 'Е'
+    198: 55,  # 'Ж'
+    199: 47,  # 'З'
+    200: 40,  # 'И'
+    201: 59,  # 'Й'
+    202: 33,  # 'К'
+    203: 46,  # 'Л'
+    204: 38,  # 'М'
+    205: 36,  # 'Н'
+    206: 41,  # 'О'
+    207: 30,  # 'П'
+    208: 39,  # 'Р'
+    209: 28,  # 'С'
+    210: 34,  # 'Т'
+    211: 51,  # 'У'
+    212: 48,  # 'Ф'
+    213: 49,  # 'Х'
+    214: 53,  # 'Ц'
+    215: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    216: 54,  # 'Ш'
+    217: 57,  # 'Щ'
+    218: 61,  # 'Ъ'
+    219: 251,  # 'Ы'
+    220: 67,  # 'Ь'
+    221: 252,  # 'Э'
+    222: 60,  # 'Ю'
+    223: 56,  # 'Я'
+    224: 1,  # 'а'
+    225: 18,  # 'б'
+    226: 9,  # 'в'
+    227: 20,  # 'г'
+    228: 11,  # 'д'
+    229: 3,  # 'е'
+    230: 23,  # 'ж'
+    231: 15,  # 'з'
+    232: 2,  # 'и'
+    233: 26,  # 'й'
+    234: 12,  # 'к'
+    235: 10,  # 'л'
+    236: 14,  # 'м'
+    237: 6,  # 'н'
+    238: 4,  # 'о'
+    239: 13,  # 'п'
+    240: 7,  # 'р'
+    241: 8,  # 'с'
+    242: 5,  # 'т'
+    243: 19,  # 'у'
+    244: 29,  # 'ф'
+    245: 25,  # 'х'
+    246: 22,  # 'ц'
+    247: 21,  # 'ч'
+    248: 27,  # 'ш'
+    249: 24,  # 'щ'
+    250: 17,  # 'ъ'
+    251: 75,  # 'ы'
+    252: 52,  # 'ь'
+    253: 253,  # 'э'
+    254: 42,  # 'ю'
+    255: 16,  # 'я'
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1251",
+    language="Bulgarian",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=BULGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.969392,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюя",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langgreekmodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langgreekmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfb8639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langgreekmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4397 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+GREEK_LANG_MODEL = {
+    60: {  # 'e'
+        60: 2,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 2,  # 't'
+        36: 1,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'o'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 2,  # 'o'
+        58: 2,  # 't'
+        36: 1,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 1,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    58: {  # 't'
+        60: 2,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 1,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    36: {  # '·'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Ά'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 1,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 1,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'Έ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 1,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'Ό'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'Α'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 2,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 2,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 1,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'Β'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 1,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Γ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 1,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 1,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 1,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'Δ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 1,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'Ε'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 2,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 2,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 1,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 1,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 1,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'Η'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'Θ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'Ι'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 1,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 2,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 2,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 1,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 1,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'Κ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 1,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'Λ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'Μ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 2,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'Ν'
+        60: 2,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 1,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 1,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Ξ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 1,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'Ο'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 1,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 2,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 2,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 2,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'Π'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 2,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 1,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 1,  # 'έ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'Ρ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'Σ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 1,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 2,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 2,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'Τ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 2,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 2,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 1,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 1,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 2,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'Υ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 2,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 2,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 2,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 2,  # 'Π'
+        48: 1,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Φ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 1,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 1,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 2,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 1,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Χ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 1,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 2,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 2,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 2,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 1,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 1,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 1,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'Ω'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 1,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 1,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 2,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 2,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 2,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 2,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ά'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 3,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 3,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'έ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 3,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ή'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 1,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'ί'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 3,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'α'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 3,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 1,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'β'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'γ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'δ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'ε'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'ζ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 1,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'η'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'θ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 1,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'ι'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 1,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'κ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'λ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 1,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 1,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'μ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 1,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'ν'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 1,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ξ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 2,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'ο'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 1,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'π'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'ρ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 1,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 2,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 2,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'ς'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 2,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 0,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'σ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 3,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'τ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 2,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 2,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'υ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 2,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 3,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 2,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'φ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 3,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 2,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'χ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 3,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ή'
+        15: 3,  # 'ί'
+        1: 3,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 2,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 3,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 3,  # 'ω'
+        19: 3,  # 'ό'
+        26: 3,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ψ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 2,  # 'ά'
+        18: 2,  # 'έ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ή'
+        15: 2,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 0,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 0,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 3,  # 'η'
+        25: 0,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 0,  # 'λ'
+        10: 0,  # 'μ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 0,  # 'π'
+        8: 0,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ς'
+        7: 0,  # 'σ'
+        2: 2,  # 'τ'
+        12: 1,  # 'υ'
+        28: 0,  # 'φ'
+        23: 0,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ω'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 1,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 2,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 0,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 0,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ό'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 3,  # 'β'
+        20: 3,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 1,  # 'ε'
+        32: 2,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 1,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 3,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'ύ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 2,  # 'α'
+        29: 2,  # 'β'
+        20: 2,  # 'γ'
+        21: 1,  # 'δ'
+        3: 3,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 2,  # 'η'
+        25: 3,  # 'θ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ι'
+        11: 3,  # 'κ'
+        16: 3,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 2,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ο'
+        9: 3,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 2,  # 'φ'
+        23: 2,  # 'χ'
+        42: 2,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 2,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ώ'
+        60: 0,  # 'e'
+        55: 0,  # 'o'
+        58: 0,  # 't'
+        36: 0,  # '·'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ά'
+        46: 0,  # 'Έ'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ό'
+        31: 0,  # 'Α'
+        51: 0,  # 'Β'
+        43: 0,  # 'Γ'
+        41: 0,  # 'Δ'
+        34: 0,  # 'Ε'
+        40: 0,  # 'Η'
+        52: 0,  # 'Θ'
+        47: 0,  # 'Ι'
+        44: 0,  # 'Κ'
+        53: 0,  # 'Λ'
+        38: 0,  # 'Μ'
+        49: 0,  # 'Ν'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ξ'
+        39: 0,  # 'Ο'
+        35: 0,  # 'Π'
+        48: 0,  # 'Ρ'
+        37: 0,  # 'Σ'
+        33: 0,  # 'Τ'
+        45: 0,  # 'Υ'
+        56: 0,  # 'Φ'
+        50: 0,  # 'Χ'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ω'
+        17: 0,  # 'ά'
+        18: 0,  # 'έ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ή'
+        15: 0,  # 'ί'
+        1: 0,  # 'α'
+        29: 1,  # 'β'
+        20: 0,  # 'γ'
+        21: 3,  # 'δ'
+        3: 0,  # 'ε'
+        32: 0,  # 'ζ'
+        13: 1,  # 'η'
+        25: 2,  # 'θ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ι'
+        11: 0,  # 'κ'
+        16: 2,  # 'λ'
+        10: 3,  # 'μ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ν'
+        30: 1,  # 'ξ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ο'
+        9: 2,  # 'π'
+        8: 3,  # 'ρ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ς'
+        7: 3,  # 'σ'
+        2: 3,  # 'τ'
+        12: 0,  # 'υ'
+        28: 1,  # 'φ'
+        23: 1,  # 'χ'
+        42: 0,  # 'ψ'
+        24: 0,  # 'ω'
+        19: 0,  # 'ό'
+        26: 0,  # 'ύ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ώ'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 82,  # 'A'
+    66: 100,  # 'B'
+    67: 104,  # 'C'
+    68: 94,  # 'D'
+    69: 98,  # 'E'
+    70: 101,  # 'F'
+    71: 116,  # 'G'
+    72: 102,  # 'H'
+    73: 111,  # 'I'
+    74: 187,  # 'J'
+    75: 117,  # 'K'
+    76: 92,  # 'L'
+    77: 88,  # 'M'
+    78: 113,  # 'N'
+    79: 85,  # 'O'
+    80: 79,  # 'P'
+    81: 118,  # 'Q'
+    82: 105,  # 'R'
+    83: 83,  # 'S'
+    84: 67,  # 'T'
+    85: 114,  # 'U'
+    86: 119,  # 'V'
+    87: 95,  # 'W'
+    88: 99,  # 'X'
+    89: 109,  # 'Y'
+    90: 188,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 72,  # 'a'
+    98: 70,  # 'b'
+    99: 80,  # 'c'
+    100: 81,  # 'd'
+    101: 60,  # 'e'
+    102: 96,  # 'f'
+    103: 93,  # 'g'
+    104: 89,  # 'h'
+    105: 68,  # 'i'
+    106: 120,  # 'j'
+    107: 97,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 69,  # 'n'
+    111: 55,  # 'o'
+    112: 78,  # 'p'
+    113: 115,  # 'q'
+    114: 65,  # 'r'
+    115: 66,  # 's'
+    116: 58,  # 't'
+    117: 76,  # 'u'
+    118: 106,  # 'v'
+    119: 103,  # 'w'
+    120: 87,  # 'x'
+    121: 107,  # 'y'
+    122: 112,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 255,  # '€'
+    129: 255,  # None
+    130: 255,  # '‚'
+    131: 255,  # 'ƒ'
+    132: 255,  # '„'
+    133: 255,  # '…'
+    134: 255,  # '†'
+    135: 255,  # '‡'
+    136: 255,  # None
+    137: 255,  # '‰'
+    138: 255,  # None
+    139: 255,  # '‹'
+    140: 255,  # None
+    141: 255,  # None
+    142: 255,  # None
+    143: 255,  # None
+    144: 255,  # None
+    145: 255,  # '‘'
+    146: 255,  # '’'
+    147: 255,  # '“'
+    148: 255,  # '”'
+    149: 255,  # '•'
+    150: 255,  # '–'
+    151: 255,  # '—'
+    152: 255,  # None
+    153: 255,  # '™'
+    154: 255,  # None
+    155: 255,  # '›'
+    156: 255,  # None
+    157: 255,  # None
+    158: 255,  # None
+    159: 255,  # None
+    160: 253,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 233,  # '΅'
+    162: 61,  # 'Ά'
+    163: 253,  # '£'
+    164: 253,  # '¤'
+    165: 253,  # '¥'
+    166: 253,  # '¦'
+    167: 253,  # '§'
+    168: 253,  # '¨'
+    169: 253,  # '©'
+    170: 253,  # None
+    171: 253,  # '«'
+    172: 253,  # '¬'
+    173: 74,  # '\xad'
+    174: 253,  # '®'
+    175: 253,  # '―'
+    176: 253,  # '°'
+    177: 253,  # '±'
+    178: 253,  # '²'
+    179: 253,  # '³'
+    180: 247,  # '΄'
+    181: 253,  # 'µ'
+    182: 253,  # '¶'
+    183: 36,  # '·'
+    184: 46,  # 'Έ'
+    185: 71,  # 'Ή'
+    186: 73,  # 'Ί'
+    187: 253,  # '»'
+    188: 54,  # 'Ό'
+    189: 253,  # '½'
+    190: 108,  # 'Ύ'
+    191: 123,  # 'Ώ'
+    192: 110,  # 'ΐ'
+    193: 31,  # 'Α'
+    194: 51,  # 'Β'
+    195: 43,  # 'Γ'
+    196: 41,  # 'Δ'
+    197: 34,  # 'Ε'
+    198: 91,  # 'Ζ'
+    199: 40,  # 'Η'
+    200: 52,  # 'Θ'
+    201: 47,  # 'Ι'
+    202: 44,  # 'Κ'
+    203: 53,  # 'Λ'
+    204: 38,  # 'Μ'
+    205: 49,  # 'Ν'
+    206: 59,  # 'Ξ'
+    207: 39,  # 'Ο'
+    208: 35,  # 'Π'
+    209: 48,  # 'Ρ'
+    210: 250,  # None
+    211: 37,  # 'Σ'
+    212: 33,  # 'Τ'
+    213: 45,  # 'Υ'
+    214: 56,  # 'Φ'
+    215: 50,  # 'Χ'
+    216: 84,  # 'Ψ'
+    217: 57,  # 'Ω'
+    218: 120,  # 'Ϊ'
+    219: 121,  # 'Ϋ'
+    220: 17,  # 'ά'
+    221: 18,  # 'έ'
+    222: 22,  # 'ή'
+    223: 15,  # 'ί'
+    224: 124,  # 'ΰ'
+    225: 1,  # 'α'
+    226: 29,  # 'β'
+    227: 20,  # 'γ'
+    228: 21,  # 'δ'
+    229: 3,  # 'ε'
+    230: 32,  # 'ζ'
+    231: 13,  # 'η'
+    232: 25,  # 'θ'
+    233: 5,  # 'ι'
+    234: 11,  # 'κ'
+    235: 16,  # 'λ'
+    236: 10,  # 'μ'
+    237: 6,  # 'ν'
+    238: 30,  # 'ξ'
+    239: 4,  # 'ο'
+    240: 9,  # 'π'
+    241: 8,  # 'ρ'
+    242: 14,  # 'ς'
+    243: 7,  # 'σ'
+    244: 2,  # 'τ'
+    245: 12,  # 'υ'
+    246: 28,  # 'φ'
+    247: 23,  # 'χ'
+    248: 42,  # 'ψ'
+    249: 24,  # 'ω'
+    250: 64,  # 'ϊ'
+    251: 75,  # 'ϋ'
+    252: 19,  # 'ό'
+    253: 26,  # 'ύ'
+    254: 27,  # 'ώ'
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1253",
+    language="Greek",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=GREEK_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.982851,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩάέήίαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωόύώ",
+)
+
+ISO_8859_7_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 82,  # 'A'
+    66: 100,  # 'B'
+    67: 104,  # 'C'
+    68: 94,  # 'D'
+    69: 98,  # 'E'
+    70: 101,  # 'F'
+    71: 116,  # 'G'
+    72: 102,  # 'H'
+    73: 111,  # 'I'
+    74: 187,  # 'J'
+    75: 117,  # 'K'
+    76: 92,  # 'L'
+    77: 88,  # 'M'
+    78: 113,  # 'N'
+    79: 85,  # 'O'
+    80: 79,  # 'P'
+    81: 118,  # 'Q'
+    82: 105,  # 'R'
+    83: 83,  # 'S'
+    84: 67,  # 'T'
+    85: 114,  # 'U'
+    86: 119,  # 'V'
+    87: 95,  # 'W'
+    88: 99,  # 'X'
+    89: 109,  # 'Y'
+    90: 188,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 72,  # 'a'
+    98: 70,  # 'b'
+    99: 80,  # 'c'
+    100: 81,  # 'd'
+    101: 60,  # 'e'
+    102: 96,  # 'f'
+    103: 93,  # 'g'
+    104: 89,  # 'h'
+    105: 68,  # 'i'
+    106: 120,  # 'j'
+    107: 97,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 86,  # 'm'
+    110: 69,  # 'n'
+    111: 55,  # 'o'
+    112: 78,  # 'p'
+    113: 115,  # 'q'
+    114: 65,  # 'r'
+    115: 66,  # 's'
+    116: 58,  # 't'
+    117: 76,  # 'u'
+    118: 106,  # 'v'
+    119: 103,  # 'w'
+    120: 87,  # 'x'
+    121: 107,  # 'y'
+    122: 112,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 255,  # '\x80'
+    129: 255,  # '\x81'
+    130: 255,  # '\x82'
+    131: 255,  # '\x83'
+    132: 255,  # '\x84'
+    133: 255,  # '\x85'
+    134: 255,  # '\x86'
+    135: 255,  # '\x87'
+    136: 255,  # '\x88'
+    137: 255,  # '\x89'
+    138: 255,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 255,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 255,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 255,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 255,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 255,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 255,  # '\x90'
+    145: 255,  # '\x91'
+    146: 255,  # '\x92'
+    147: 255,  # '\x93'
+    148: 255,  # '\x94'
+    149: 255,  # '\x95'
+    150: 255,  # '\x96'
+    151: 255,  # '\x97'
+    152: 255,  # '\x98'
+    153: 255,  # '\x99'
+    154: 255,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 255,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 255,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 255,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 255,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 255,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 253,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 233,  # '‘'
+    162: 90,  # '’'
+    163: 253,  # '£'
+    164: 253,  # '€'
+    165: 253,  # '₯'
+    166: 253,  # '¦'
+    167: 253,  # '§'
+    168: 253,  # '¨'
+    169: 253,  # '©'
+    170: 253,  # 'ͺ'
+    171: 253,  # '«'
+    172: 253,  # '¬'
+    173: 74,  # '\xad'
+    174: 253,  # None
+    175: 253,  # '―'
+    176: 253,  # '°'
+    177: 253,  # '±'
+    178: 253,  # '²'
+    179: 253,  # '³'
+    180: 247,  # '΄'
+    181: 248,  # '΅'
+    182: 61,  # 'Ά'
+    183: 36,  # '·'
+    184: 46,  # 'Έ'
+    185: 71,  # 'Ή'
+    186: 73,  # 'Ί'
+    187: 253,  # '»'
+    188: 54,  # 'Ό'
+    189: 253,  # '½'
+    190: 108,  # 'Ύ'
+    191: 123,  # 'Ώ'
+    192: 110,  # 'ΐ'
+    193: 31,  # 'Α'
+    194: 51,  # 'Β'
+    195: 43,  # 'Γ'
+    196: 41,  # 'Δ'
+    197: 34,  # 'Ε'
+    198: 91,  # 'Ζ'
+    199: 40,  # 'Η'
+    200: 52,  # 'Θ'
+    201: 47,  # 'Ι'
+    202: 44,  # 'Κ'
+    203: 53,  # 'Λ'
+    204: 38,  # 'Μ'
+    205: 49,  # 'Ν'
+    206: 59,  # 'Ξ'
+    207: 39,  # 'Ο'
+    208: 35,  # 'Π'
+    209: 48,  # 'Ρ'
+    210: 250,  # None
+    211: 37,  # 'Σ'
+    212: 33,  # 'Τ'
+    213: 45,  # 'Υ'
+    214: 56,  # 'Φ'
+    215: 50,  # 'Χ'
+    216: 84,  # 'Ψ'
+    217: 57,  # 'Ω'
+    218: 120,  # 'Ϊ'
+    219: 121,  # 'Ϋ'
+    220: 17,  # 'ά'
+    221: 18,  # 'έ'
+    222: 22,  # 'ή'
+    223: 15,  # 'ί'
+    224: 124,  # 'ΰ'
+    225: 1,  # 'α'
+    226: 29,  # 'β'
+    227: 20,  # 'γ'
+    228: 21,  # 'δ'
+    229: 3,  # 'ε'
+    230: 32,  # 'ζ'
+    231: 13,  # 'η'
+    232: 25,  # 'θ'
+    233: 5,  # 'ι'
+    234: 11,  # 'κ'
+    235: 16,  # 'λ'
+    236: 10,  # 'μ'
+    237: 6,  # 'ν'
+    238: 30,  # 'ξ'
+    239: 4,  # 'ο'
+    240: 9,  # 'π'
+    241: 8,  # 'ρ'
+    242: 14,  # 'ς'
+    243: 7,  # 'σ'
+    244: 2,  # 'τ'
+    245: 12,  # 'υ'
+    246: 28,  # 'φ'
+    247: 23,  # 'χ'
+    248: 42,  # 'ψ'
+    249: 24,  # 'ω'
+    250: 64,  # 'ϊ'
+    251: 75,  # 'ϋ'
+    252: 19,  # 'ό'
+    253: 26,  # 'ύ'
+    254: 27,  # 'ώ'
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+ISO_8859_7_GREEK_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-7",
+    language="Greek",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_7_GREEK_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=GREEK_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.982851,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩάέήίαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωόύώ",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhebrewmodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhebrewmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56d2975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhebrewmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4380 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+HEBREW_LANG_MODEL = {
+    50: {  # 'a'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 2,  # 'l'
+        54: 2,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 2,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'c'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'd'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 2,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'e'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 2,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 2,  # 'l'
+        54: 2,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 2,  # 'r'
+        43: 2,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 2,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'i'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 2,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 2,  # 'n'
+        49: 2,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 2,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'l'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 2,  # 'e'
+        53: 2,  # 'i'
+        56: 2,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'n'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 2,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'o'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 2,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 2,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'r'
+        50: 2,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 2,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 2,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 2,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    43: {  # 's'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 2,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
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+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
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+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
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+        1: 0,  # 'י'
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+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
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+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
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+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
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+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 2,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    44: {  # 't'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 2,  # 'e'
+        53: 2,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
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+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
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+        44: 1,  # 't'
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+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
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+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
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+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 2,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'u'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
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+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
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+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
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+        9: 0,  # 'א'
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+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
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+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
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+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
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+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        34: 2,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
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+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
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+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 2,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
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+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
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+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
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+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
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+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
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+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        9: 1,  # 'א'
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+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
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+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
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+        1: 2,  # 'י'
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+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
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+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
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+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
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+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    48: {  # '¼'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
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+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
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+        9: 1,  # 'א'
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+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
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+        1: 0,  # 'י'
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+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
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+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    39: {  # '½'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
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+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
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+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
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+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
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+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
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+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ְ'
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+        46: 0,  # '”'
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+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
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+        9: 0,  # 'א'
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+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'ֲ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'ִ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 1,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'ֵ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 2,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'ֶ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 2,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 2,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'ַ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 2,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ָ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        61: 0,  # 'd'
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+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 1,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 2,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 2,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 2,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'ֹ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
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+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
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+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 2,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 2,  # 'ל'
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+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
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+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
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+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
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+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'ֻ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
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+        51: 0,  # 'r'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
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+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
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+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
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+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
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+        9: 0,  # 'א'
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+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
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+        1: 1,  # 'י'
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+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
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+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
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+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'ּ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        61: 0,  # 'd'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
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+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 3,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
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+        33: 3,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
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+        29: 3,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 2,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
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+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 2,  # 'ו'
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+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
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+        1: 2,  # 'י'
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+        23: 1,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
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+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
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+        32: 0,  # '–'
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+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'ׁ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
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+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
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+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
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+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
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+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
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+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 2,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'ׂ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 2,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 1,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'א'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 2,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'ב'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 3,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'ג'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 2,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'ד'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'ה'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 1,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 3,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'ו'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 3,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ז'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 1,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 2,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 2,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'ח'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 1,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 2,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ט'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 1,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 2,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'י'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ך'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 1,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'כ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 3,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'ל'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 3,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'ם'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 1,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'מ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'ן'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 1,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'נ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ס'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 2,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 3,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'ע'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 1,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 2,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 2,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 2,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'ף'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 1,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'פ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 2,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 2,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 2,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ץ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'צ'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ק'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 1,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 2,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 1,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 2,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 2,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'ר'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 2,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 1,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 3,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 3,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 3,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'ש'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 1,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 1,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 1,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 1,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 3,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 3,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 3,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 3,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 1,  # '…'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'ת'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 1,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 1,  # '¼'
+        39: 1,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 2,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 2,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 2,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 2,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 2,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 3,  # 'א'
+        8: 3,  # 'ב'
+        20: 3,  # 'ג'
+        16: 2,  # 'ד'
+        3: 3,  # 'ה'
+        2: 3,  # 'ו'
+        24: 2,  # 'ז'
+        14: 3,  # 'ח'
+        22: 2,  # 'ט'
+        1: 3,  # 'י'
+        25: 2,  # 'ך'
+        15: 3,  # 'כ'
+        4: 3,  # 'ל'
+        11: 3,  # 'ם'
+        6: 3,  # 'מ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ן'
+        12: 3,  # 'נ'
+        19: 2,  # 'ס'
+        13: 3,  # 'ע'
+        26: 2,  # 'ף'
+        18: 3,  # 'פ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 2,  # 'צ'
+        17: 3,  # 'ק'
+        7: 3,  # 'ר'
+        10: 3,  # 'ש'
+        5: 3,  # 'ת'
+        32: 1,  # '–'
+        52: 1,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+    32: {  # '–'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    52: {  # '’'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 2,  # 's'
+        44: 2,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    47: {  # '“'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 1,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 1,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 1,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 2,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 1,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 1,  # 'ח'
+        22: 1,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 1,  # 'ס'
+        13: 1,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 1,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    46: {  # '”'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 1,  # 'ב'
+        20: 1,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 1,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    58: {  # '†'
+        50: 0,  # 'a'
+        60: 0,  # 'c'
+        61: 0,  # 'd'
+        42: 0,  # 'e'
+        53: 0,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 0,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 0,  # 'r'
+        43: 0,  # 's'
+        44: 0,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 0,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 0,  # 'ה'
+        2: 0,  # 'ו'
+        24: 0,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 0,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 0,  # 'כ'
+        4: 0,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 0,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 0,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 0,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 0,  # 'ר'
+        10: 0,  # 'ש'
+        5: 0,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 0,  # '”'
+        58: 2,  # '†'
+        40: 0,  # '…'
+    },
+    40: {  # '…'
+        50: 1,  # 'a'
+        60: 1,  # 'c'
+        61: 1,  # 'd'
+        42: 1,  # 'e'
+        53: 1,  # 'i'
+        56: 0,  # 'l'
+        54: 1,  # 'n'
+        49: 0,  # 'o'
+        51: 1,  # 'r'
+        43: 1,  # 's'
+        44: 1,  # 't'
+        63: 0,  # 'u'
+        34: 0,  # '\xa0'
+        55: 0,  # '´'
+        48: 0,  # '¼'
+        39: 0,  # '½'
+        57: 0,  # '¾'
+        30: 0,  # 'ְ'
+        59: 0,  # 'ֱ'
+        41: 0,  # 'ֲ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ִ'
+        37: 0,  # 'ֵ'
+        36: 0,  # 'ֶ'
+        31: 0,  # 'ַ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ָ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ֹ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ֻ'
+        28: 0,  # 'ּ'
+        38: 0,  # 'ׁ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ׂ'
+        9: 1,  # 'א'
+        8: 0,  # 'ב'
+        20: 0,  # 'ג'
+        16: 0,  # 'ד'
+        3: 1,  # 'ה'
+        2: 1,  # 'ו'
+        24: 1,  # 'ז'
+        14: 0,  # 'ח'
+        22: 0,  # 'ט'
+        1: 1,  # 'י'
+        25: 0,  # 'ך'
+        15: 1,  # 'כ'
+        4: 1,  # 'ל'
+        11: 0,  # 'ם'
+        6: 1,  # 'מ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ן'
+        12: 1,  # 'נ'
+        19: 0,  # 'ס'
+        13: 0,  # 'ע'
+        26: 0,  # 'ף'
+        18: 1,  # 'פ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ץ'
+        21: 0,  # 'צ'
+        17: 0,  # 'ק'
+        7: 1,  # 'ר'
+        10: 1,  # 'ש'
+        5: 1,  # 'ת'
+        32: 0,  # '–'
+        52: 0,  # '’'
+        47: 0,  # '“'
+        46: 1,  # '”'
+        58: 0,  # '†'
+        40: 2,  # '…'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 69,  # 'A'
+    66: 91,  # 'B'
+    67: 79,  # 'C'
+    68: 80,  # 'D'
+    69: 92,  # 'E'
+    70: 89,  # 'F'
+    71: 97,  # 'G'
+    72: 90,  # 'H'
+    73: 68,  # 'I'
+    74: 111,  # 'J'
+    75: 112,  # 'K'
+    76: 82,  # 'L'
+    77: 73,  # 'M'
+    78: 95,  # 'N'
+    79: 85,  # 'O'
+    80: 78,  # 'P'
+    81: 121,  # 'Q'
+    82: 86,  # 'R'
+    83: 71,  # 'S'
+    84: 67,  # 'T'
+    85: 102,  # 'U'
+    86: 107,  # 'V'
+    87: 84,  # 'W'
+    88: 114,  # 'X'
+    89: 103,  # 'Y'
+    90: 115,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 50,  # 'a'
+    98: 74,  # 'b'
+    99: 60,  # 'c'
+    100: 61,  # 'd'
+    101: 42,  # 'e'
+    102: 76,  # 'f'
+    103: 70,  # 'g'
+    104: 64,  # 'h'
+    105: 53,  # 'i'
+    106: 105,  # 'j'
+    107: 93,  # 'k'
+    108: 56,  # 'l'
+    109: 65,  # 'm'
+    110: 54,  # 'n'
+    111: 49,  # 'o'
+    112: 66,  # 'p'
+    113: 110,  # 'q'
+    114: 51,  # 'r'
+    115: 43,  # 's'
+    116: 44,  # 't'
+    117: 63,  # 'u'
+    118: 81,  # 'v'
+    119: 77,  # 'w'
+    120: 98,  # 'x'
+    121: 75,  # 'y'
+    122: 108,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 124,  # '€'
+    129: 202,  # None
+    130: 203,  # '‚'
+    131: 204,  # 'ƒ'
+    132: 205,  # '„'
+    133: 40,  # '…'
+    134: 58,  # '†'
+    135: 206,  # '‡'
+    136: 207,  # 'ˆ'
+    137: 208,  # '‰'
+    138: 209,  # None
+    139: 210,  # '‹'
+    140: 211,  # None
+    141: 212,  # None
+    142: 213,  # None
+    143: 214,  # None
+    144: 215,  # None
+    145: 83,  # '‘'
+    146: 52,  # '’'
+    147: 47,  # '“'
+    148: 46,  # '”'
+    149: 72,  # '•'
+    150: 32,  # '–'
+    151: 94,  # '—'
+    152: 216,  # '˜'
+    153: 113,  # '™'
+    154: 217,  # None
+    155: 109,  # '›'
+    156: 218,  # None
+    157: 219,  # None
+    158: 220,  # None
+    159: 221,  # None
+    160: 34,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 116,  # '¡'
+    162: 222,  # '¢'
+    163: 118,  # '£'
+    164: 100,  # '₪'
+    165: 223,  # '¥'
+    166: 224,  # '¦'
+    167: 117,  # '§'
+    168: 119,  # '¨'
+    169: 104,  # '©'
+    170: 125,  # '×'
+    171: 225,  # '«'
+    172: 226,  # '¬'
+    173: 87,  # '\xad'
+    174: 99,  # '®'
+    175: 227,  # '¯'
+    176: 106,  # '°'
+    177: 122,  # '±'
+    178: 123,  # '²'
+    179: 228,  # '³'
+    180: 55,  # '´'
+    181: 229,  # 'µ'
+    182: 230,  # '¶'
+    183: 101,  # '·'
+    184: 231,  # '¸'
+    185: 232,  # '¹'
+    186: 120,  # '÷'
+    187: 233,  # '»'
+    188: 48,  # '¼'
+    189: 39,  # '½'
+    190: 57,  # '¾'
+    191: 234,  # '¿'
+    192: 30,  # 'ְ'
+    193: 59,  # 'ֱ'
+    194: 41,  # 'ֲ'
+    195: 88,  # 'ֳ'
+    196: 33,  # 'ִ'
+    197: 37,  # 'ֵ'
+    198: 36,  # 'ֶ'
+    199: 31,  # 'ַ'
+    200: 29,  # 'ָ'
+    201: 35,  # 'ֹ'
+    202: 235,  # None
+    203: 62,  # 'ֻ'
+    204: 28,  # 'ּ'
+    205: 236,  # 'ֽ'
+    206: 126,  # '־'
+    207: 237,  # 'ֿ'
+    208: 238,  # '׀'
+    209: 38,  # 'ׁ'
+    210: 45,  # 'ׂ'
+    211: 239,  # '׃'
+    212: 240,  # 'װ'
+    213: 241,  # 'ױ'
+    214: 242,  # 'ײ'
+    215: 243,  # '׳'
+    216: 127,  # '״'
+    217: 244,  # None
+    218: 245,  # None
+    219: 246,  # None
+    220: 247,  # None
+    221: 248,  # None
+    222: 249,  # None
+    223: 250,  # None
+    224: 9,  # 'א'
+    225: 8,  # 'ב'
+    226: 20,  # 'ג'
+    227: 16,  # 'ד'
+    228: 3,  # 'ה'
+    229: 2,  # 'ו'
+    230: 24,  # 'ז'
+    231: 14,  # 'ח'
+    232: 22,  # 'ט'
+    233: 1,  # 'י'
+    234: 25,  # 'ך'
+    235: 15,  # 'כ'
+    236: 4,  # 'ל'
+    237: 11,  # 'ם'
+    238: 6,  # 'מ'
+    239: 23,  # 'ן'
+    240: 12,  # 'נ'
+    241: 19,  # 'ס'
+    242: 13,  # 'ע'
+    243: 26,  # 'ף'
+    244: 18,  # 'פ'
+    245: 27,  # 'ץ'
+    246: 21,  # 'צ'
+    247: 17,  # 'ק'
+    248: 7,  # 'ר'
+    249: 10,  # 'ש'
+    250: 5,  # 'ת'
+    251: 251,  # None
+    252: 252,  # None
+    253: 128,  # '\u200e'
+    254: 96,  # '\u200f'
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1255",
+    language="Hebrew",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=HEBREW_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.984004,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשתװױײ",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhungarianmodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhungarianmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09a0d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langhungarianmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4649 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+HUNGARIAN_LANG_MODEL = {
+    28: {  # 'A'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 2,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 2,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 2,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'B'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'C'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'D'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'E'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 2,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'F'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'G'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 2,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'H'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 2,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'I'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 2,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'J'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'K'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'L'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'M'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'N'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 2,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 2,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'O'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 2,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 2,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'P'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'R'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 2,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'S'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 3,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'T'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 2,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'U'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'V'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 2,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Y'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 2,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 0,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 1,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'Z'
+        28: 2,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 2,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 2,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 2,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 1,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 1,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 2,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 1,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'a'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'c'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'd'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'e'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 3,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 2,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'f'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'g'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'h'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'i'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 3,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 2,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'j'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'k'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'l'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 3,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 3,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'm'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'n'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'o'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 1,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'p'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'r'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 2,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    5: {  # 's'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    3: {  # 't'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 3,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 3,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 3,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'u'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 2,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 1,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 2,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'v'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 2,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'x'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 1,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'y'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 2,  # 'í'
+        25: 2,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 2,  # 'ü'
+        42: 1,  # 'ő'
+        56: 2,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'z'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 3,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 3,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 3,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 3,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 3,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 3,  # 'á'
+        15: 3,  # 'é'
+        30: 3,  # 'í'
+        25: 3,  # 'ó'
+        24: 3,  # 'ö'
+        31: 2,  # 'ú'
+        29: 3,  # 'ü'
+        42: 2,  # 'ő'
+        56: 1,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'Á'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 1,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'É'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 1,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 2,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 2,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 2,  # 'R'
+        33: 2,  # 'S'
+        37: 2,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Í'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 0,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'Ó'
+        28: 1,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 1,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 2,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 0,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 1,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Ö'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 1,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 0,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'Ú'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 1,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 1,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 0,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 0,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 0,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 0,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'Ü'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 1,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 1,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 1,  # 'G'
+        38: 1,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 1,  # 'J'
+        36: 1,  # 'K'
+        41: 1,  # 'L'
+        34: 1,  # 'M'
+        35: 1,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 1,  # 'R'
+        33: 1,  # 'S'
+        37: 1,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 1,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 1,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 0,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 0,  # 'j'
+        7: 0,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 1,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'á'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 3,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 2,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 1,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 2,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'é'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 3,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 3,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'í'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 0,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ó'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 2,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 3,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 2,  # 'i'
+        22: 2,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 1,  # 'ö'
+        31: 1,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ö'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 0,  # 'a'
+        18: 3,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 0,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 2,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 0,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 2,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 3,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 3,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 3,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'ú'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 2,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 2,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 3,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 3,  # 'r'
+        5: 3,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 1,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ü'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 3,  # 'g'
+        20: 2,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 3,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 2,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ő'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 2,  # 'b'
+        26: 1,  # 'c'
+        17: 2,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 2,  # 'k'
+        6: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 1,  # 'o'
+        23: 1,  # 'p'
+        10: 2,  # 'r'
+        5: 2,  # 's'
+        3: 2,  # 't'
+        21: 1,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 1,  # 'é'
+        30: 1,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 1,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'ű'
+        28: 0,  # 'A'
+        40: 0,  # 'B'
+        54: 0,  # 'C'
+        45: 0,  # 'D'
+        32: 0,  # 'E'
+        50: 0,  # 'F'
+        49: 0,  # 'G'
+        38: 0,  # 'H'
+        39: 0,  # 'I'
+        53: 0,  # 'J'
+        36: 0,  # 'K'
+        41: 0,  # 'L'
+        34: 0,  # 'M'
+        35: 0,  # 'N'
+        47: 0,  # 'O'
+        46: 0,  # 'P'
+        43: 0,  # 'R'
+        33: 0,  # 'S'
+        37: 0,  # 'T'
+        57: 0,  # 'U'
+        48: 0,  # 'V'
+        55: 0,  # 'Y'
+        52: 0,  # 'Z'
+        2: 1,  # 'a'
+        18: 1,  # 'b'
+        26: 0,  # 'c'
+        17: 1,  # 'd'
+        1: 1,  # 'e'
+        27: 1,  # 'f'
+        12: 1,  # 'g'
+        20: 1,  # 'h'
+        9: 1,  # 'i'
+        22: 1,  # 'j'
+        7: 1,  # 'k'
+        6: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        8: 0,  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'p'
+        10: 1,  # 'r'
+        5: 1,  # 's'
+        3: 1,  # 't'
+        21: 0,  # 'u'
+        19: 1,  # 'v'
+        62: 0,  # 'x'
+        16: 0,  # 'y'
+        11: 2,  # 'z'
+        51: 0,  # 'Á'
+        44: 0,  # 'É'
+        61: 0,  # 'Í'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ó'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        60: 0,  # 'Ú'
+        63: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        14: 0,  # 'á'
+        15: 0,  # 'é'
+        30: 0,  # 'í'
+        25: 0,  # 'ó'
+        24: 0,  # 'ö'
+        31: 0,  # 'ú'
+        29: 0,  # 'ü'
+        42: 0,  # 'ő'
+        56: 0,  # 'ű'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 28,  # 'A'
+    66: 40,  # 'B'
+    67: 54,  # 'C'
+    68: 45,  # 'D'
+    69: 32,  # 'E'
+    70: 50,  # 'F'
+    71: 49,  # 'G'
+    72: 38,  # 'H'
+    73: 39,  # 'I'
+    74: 53,  # 'J'
+    75: 36,  # 'K'
+    76: 41,  # 'L'
+    77: 34,  # 'M'
+    78: 35,  # 'N'
+    79: 47,  # 'O'
+    80: 46,  # 'P'
+    81: 72,  # 'Q'
+    82: 43,  # 'R'
+    83: 33,  # 'S'
+    84: 37,  # 'T'
+    85: 57,  # 'U'
+    86: 48,  # 'V'
+    87: 64,  # 'W'
+    88: 68,  # 'X'
+    89: 55,  # 'Y'
+    90: 52,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 2,  # 'a'
+    98: 18,  # 'b'
+    99: 26,  # 'c'
+    100: 17,  # 'd'
+    101: 1,  # 'e'
+    102: 27,  # 'f'
+    103: 12,  # 'g'
+    104: 20,  # 'h'
+    105: 9,  # 'i'
+    106: 22,  # 'j'
+    107: 7,  # 'k'
+    108: 6,  # 'l'
+    109: 13,  # 'm'
+    110: 4,  # 'n'
+    111: 8,  # 'o'
+    112: 23,  # 'p'
+    113: 67,  # 'q'
+    114: 10,  # 'r'
+    115: 5,  # 's'
+    116: 3,  # 't'
+    117: 21,  # 'u'
+    118: 19,  # 'v'
+    119: 65,  # 'w'
+    120: 62,  # 'x'
+    121: 16,  # 'y'
+    122: 11,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 161,  # '€'
+    129: 162,  # None
+    130: 163,  # '‚'
+    131: 164,  # None
+    132: 165,  # '„'
+    133: 166,  # '…'
+    134: 167,  # '†'
+    135: 168,  # '‡'
+    136: 169,  # None
+    137: 170,  # '‰'
+    138: 171,  # 'Š'
+    139: 172,  # '‹'
+    140: 173,  # 'Ś'
+    141: 174,  # 'Ť'
+    142: 175,  # 'Ž'
+    143: 176,  # 'Ź'
+    144: 177,  # None
+    145: 178,  # '‘'
+    146: 179,  # '’'
+    147: 180,  # '“'
+    148: 78,  # '”'
+    149: 181,  # '•'
+    150: 69,  # '–'
+    151: 182,  # '—'
+    152: 183,  # None
+    153: 184,  # '™'
+    154: 185,  # 'š'
+    155: 186,  # '›'
+    156: 187,  # 'ś'
+    157: 188,  # 'ť'
+    158: 189,  # 'ž'
+    159: 190,  # 'ź'
+    160: 191,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 192,  # 'ˇ'
+    162: 193,  # '˘'
+    163: 194,  # 'Ł'
+    164: 195,  # '¤'
+    165: 196,  # 'Ą'
+    166: 197,  # '¦'
+    167: 76,  # '§'
+    168: 198,  # '¨'
+    169: 199,  # '©'
+    170: 200,  # 'Ş'
+    171: 201,  # '«'
+    172: 202,  # '¬'
+    173: 203,  # '\xad'
+    174: 204,  # '®'
+    175: 205,  # 'Ż'
+    176: 81,  # '°'
+    177: 206,  # '±'
+    178: 207,  # '˛'
+    179: 208,  # 'ł'
+    180: 209,  # '´'
+    181: 210,  # 'µ'
+    182: 211,  # '¶'
+    183: 212,  # '·'
+    184: 213,  # '¸'
+    185: 214,  # 'ą'
+    186: 215,  # 'ş'
+    187: 216,  # '»'
+    188: 217,  # 'Ľ'
+    189: 218,  # '˝'
+    190: 219,  # 'ľ'
+    191: 220,  # 'ż'
+    192: 221,  # 'Ŕ'
+    193: 51,  # 'Á'
+    194: 83,  # 'Â'
+    195: 222,  # 'Ă'
+    196: 80,  # 'Ä'
+    197: 223,  # 'Ĺ'
+    198: 224,  # 'Ć'
+    199: 225,  # 'Ç'
+    200: 226,  # 'Č'
+    201: 44,  # 'É'
+    202: 227,  # 'Ę'
+    203: 228,  # 'Ë'
+    204: 229,  # 'Ě'
+    205: 61,  # 'Í'
+    206: 230,  # 'Î'
+    207: 231,  # 'Ď'
+    208: 232,  # 'Đ'
+    209: 233,  # 'Ń'
+    210: 234,  # 'Ň'
+    211: 58,  # 'Ó'
+    212: 235,  # 'Ô'
+    213: 66,  # 'Ő'
+    214: 59,  # 'Ö'
+    215: 236,  # '×'
+    216: 237,  # 'Ř'
+    217: 238,  # 'Ů'
+    218: 60,  # 'Ú'
+    219: 70,  # 'Ű'
+    220: 63,  # 'Ü'
+    221: 239,  # 'Ý'
+    222: 240,  # 'Ţ'
+    223: 241,  # 'ß'
+    224: 84,  # 'ŕ'
+    225: 14,  # 'á'
+    226: 75,  # 'â'
+    227: 242,  # 'ă'
+    228: 71,  # 'ä'
+    229: 82,  # 'ĺ'
+    230: 243,  # 'ć'
+    231: 73,  # 'ç'
+    232: 244,  # 'č'
+    233: 15,  # 'é'
+    234: 85,  # 'ę'
+    235: 79,  # 'ë'
+    236: 86,  # 'ě'
+    237: 30,  # 'í'
+    238: 77,  # 'î'
+    239: 87,  # 'ď'
+    240: 245,  # 'đ'
+    241: 246,  # 'ń'
+    242: 247,  # 'ň'
+    243: 25,  # 'ó'
+    244: 74,  # 'ô'
+    245: 42,  # 'ő'
+    246: 24,  # 'ö'
+    247: 248,  # '÷'
+    248: 249,  # 'ř'
+    249: 250,  # 'ů'
+    250: 31,  # 'ú'
+    251: 56,  # 'ű'
+    252: 29,  # 'ü'
+    253: 251,  # 'ý'
+    254: 252,  # 'ţ'
+    255: 253,  # '˙'
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1250",
+    language="Hungarian",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=HUNGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.947368,
+    keep_ascii_letters=True,
+    alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVZabcdefghijklmnoprstuvzÁÉÍÓÖÚÜáéíóöúüŐőŰű",
+)
+
+ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 28,  # 'A'
+    66: 40,  # 'B'
+    67: 54,  # 'C'
+    68: 45,  # 'D'
+    69: 32,  # 'E'
+    70: 50,  # 'F'
+    71: 49,  # 'G'
+    72: 38,  # 'H'
+    73: 39,  # 'I'
+    74: 53,  # 'J'
+    75: 36,  # 'K'
+    76: 41,  # 'L'
+    77: 34,  # 'M'
+    78: 35,  # 'N'
+    79: 47,  # 'O'
+    80: 46,  # 'P'
+    81: 71,  # 'Q'
+    82: 43,  # 'R'
+    83: 33,  # 'S'
+    84: 37,  # 'T'
+    85: 57,  # 'U'
+    86: 48,  # 'V'
+    87: 64,  # 'W'
+    88: 68,  # 'X'
+    89: 55,  # 'Y'
+    90: 52,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 2,  # 'a'
+    98: 18,  # 'b'
+    99: 26,  # 'c'
+    100: 17,  # 'd'
+    101: 1,  # 'e'
+    102: 27,  # 'f'
+    103: 12,  # 'g'
+    104: 20,  # 'h'
+    105: 9,  # 'i'
+    106: 22,  # 'j'
+    107: 7,  # 'k'
+    108: 6,  # 'l'
+    109: 13,  # 'm'
+    110: 4,  # 'n'
+    111: 8,  # 'o'
+    112: 23,  # 'p'
+    113: 67,  # 'q'
+    114: 10,  # 'r'
+    115: 5,  # 's'
+    116: 3,  # 't'
+    117: 21,  # 'u'
+    118: 19,  # 'v'
+    119: 65,  # 'w'
+    120: 62,  # 'x'
+    121: 16,  # 'y'
+    122: 11,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 159,  # '\x80'
+    129: 160,  # '\x81'
+    130: 161,  # '\x82'
+    131: 162,  # '\x83'
+    132: 163,  # '\x84'
+    133: 164,  # '\x85'
+    134: 165,  # '\x86'
+    135: 166,  # '\x87'
+    136: 167,  # '\x88'
+    137: 168,  # '\x89'
+    138: 169,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 170,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 171,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 172,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 173,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 174,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 175,  # '\x90'
+    145: 176,  # '\x91'
+    146: 177,  # '\x92'
+    147: 178,  # '\x93'
+    148: 179,  # '\x94'
+    149: 180,  # '\x95'
+    150: 181,  # '\x96'
+    151: 182,  # '\x97'
+    152: 183,  # '\x98'
+    153: 184,  # '\x99'
+    154: 185,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 186,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 187,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 188,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 189,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 190,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 191,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 192,  # 'Ą'
+    162: 193,  # '˘'
+    163: 194,  # 'Ł'
+    164: 195,  # '¤'
+    165: 196,  # 'Ľ'
+    166: 197,  # 'Ś'
+    167: 75,  # '§'
+    168: 198,  # '¨'
+    169: 199,  # 'Š'
+    170: 200,  # 'Ş'
+    171: 201,  # 'Ť'
+    172: 202,  # 'Ź'
+    173: 203,  # '\xad'
+    174: 204,  # 'Ž'
+    175: 205,  # 'Ż'
+    176: 79,  # '°'
+    177: 206,  # 'ą'
+    178: 207,  # '˛'
+    179: 208,  # 'ł'
+    180: 209,  # '´'
+    181: 210,  # 'ľ'
+    182: 211,  # 'ś'
+    183: 212,  # 'ˇ'
+    184: 213,  # '¸'
+    185: 214,  # 'š'
+    186: 215,  # 'ş'
+    187: 216,  # 'ť'
+    188: 217,  # 'ź'
+    189: 218,  # '˝'
+    190: 219,  # 'ž'
+    191: 220,  # 'ż'
+    192: 221,  # 'Ŕ'
+    193: 51,  # 'Á'
+    194: 81,  # 'Â'
+    195: 222,  # 'Ă'
+    196: 78,  # 'Ä'
+    197: 223,  # 'Ĺ'
+    198: 224,  # 'Ć'
+    199: 225,  # 'Ç'
+    200: 226,  # 'Č'
+    201: 44,  # 'É'
+    202: 227,  # 'Ę'
+    203: 228,  # 'Ë'
+    204: 229,  # 'Ě'
+    205: 61,  # 'Í'
+    206: 230,  # 'Î'
+    207: 231,  # 'Ď'
+    208: 232,  # 'Đ'
+    209: 233,  # 'Ń'
+    210: 234,  # 'Ň'
+    211: 58,  # 'Ó'
+    212: 235,  # 'Ô'
+    213: 66,  # 'Ő'
+    214: 59,  # 'Ö'
+    215: 236,  # '×'
+    216: 237,  # 'Ř'
+    217: 238,  # 'Ů'
+    218: 60,  # 'Ú'
+    219: 69,  # 'Ű'
+    220: 63,  # 'Ü'
+    221: 239,  # 'Ý'
+    222: 240,  # 'Ţ'
+    223: 241,  # 'ß'
+    224: 82,  # 'ŕ'
+    225: 14,  # 'á'
+    226: 74,  # 'â'
+    227: 242,  # 'ă'
+    228: 70,  # 'ä'
+    229: 80,  # 'ĺ'
+    230: 243,  # 'ć'
+    231: 72,  # 'ç'
+    232: 244,  # 'č'
+    233: 15,  # 'é'
+    234: 83,  # 'ę'
+    235: 77,  # 'ë'
+    236: 84,  # 'ě'
+    237: 30,  # 'í'
+    238: 76,  # 'î'
+    239: 85,  # 'ď'
+    240: 245,  # 'đ'
+    241: 246,  # 'ń'
+    242: 247,  # 'ň'
+    243: 25,  # 'ó'
+    244: 73,  # 'ô'
+    245: 42,  # 'ő'
+    246: 24,  # 'ö'
+    247: 248,  # '÷'
+    248: 249,  # 'ř'
+    249: 250,  # 'ů'
+    250: 31,  # 'ú'
+    251: 56,  # 'ű'
+    252: 29,  # 'ü'
+    253: 251,  # 'ý'
+    254: 252,  # 'ţ'
+    255: 253,  # '˙'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-2",
+    language="Hungarian",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=HUNGARIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.947368,
+    keep_ascii_letters=True,
+    alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVZabcdefghijklmnoprstuvzÁÉÍÓÖÚÜáéíóöúüŐőŰű",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langrussianmodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langrussianmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39a5388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langrussianmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5725 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL = {
+    37: {  # 'А'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 2,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'Б'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'В'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'Г'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'Д'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 2,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'Е'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 2,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 2,  # 'Р'
+        32: 2,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Ж'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'З'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'И'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 2,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 2,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'Й'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'К'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 2,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'Л'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'М'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'Н'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 2,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'О'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 2,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 2,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 2,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 2,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'П'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 2,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'Р'
+        37: 2,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 2,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 2,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 2,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'С'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 2,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'Т'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 2,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 1,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'У'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 1,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'Ф'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Х'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'Ц'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 1,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Ч'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'Ш'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 1,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'Щ'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 1,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'Ы'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 1,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'Ь'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 1,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 1,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'Э'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 1,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 1,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 1,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'Ю'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 1,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 1,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Я'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 1,  # 'В'
+        46: 1,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 1,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 1,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 1,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 1,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 1,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 1,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 0,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'а'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 1,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'б'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 1,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'в'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'г'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'д'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'е'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ж'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'з'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'и'
+        37: 1,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'й'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 1,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'к'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'л'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'м'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'н'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 3,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'о'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'п'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'р'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'с'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 1,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 1,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'т'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'у'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 3,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'ф'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 2,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'х'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 1,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 1,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'ц'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 1,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 1,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 1,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 1,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ы'
+        17: 1,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ч'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ш'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 3,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 1,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 3,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 1,  # 'ц'
+        22: 1,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 3,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'щ'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 3,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 3,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 1,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 2,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 2,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 0,  # 'я'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'ъ'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 0,  # 'б'
+        10: 0,  # 'в'
+        19: 0,  # 'г'
+        13: 0,  # 'д'
+        2: 2,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 0,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 0,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 0,  # 'м'
+        5: 0,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 0,  # 'п'
+        9: 0,  # 'р'
+        7: 0,  # 'с'
+        6: 0,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 0,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 0,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'ы'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 3,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 3,  # 'п'
+        9: 3,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 0,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 3,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 0,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ь'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 2,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 1,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 0,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 0,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 2,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 1,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 2,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 3,  # 'ш'
+        29: 2,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 3,  # 'ю'
+        16: 3,  # 'я'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'э'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 1,  # 'М'
+        31: 1,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 1,  # 'Р'
+        32: 1,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 1,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 1,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 1,  # 'г'
+        13: 2,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 0,  # 'ж'
+        20: 1,  # 'з'
+        4: 0,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 2,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 2,  # 'ф'
+        26: 1,  # 'х'
+        28: 0,  # 'ц'
+        22: 0,  # 'ч'
+        25: 1,  # 'ш'
+        29: 0,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 1,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ю'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 2,  # 'а'
+        21: 3,  # 'б'
+        10: 1,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 1,  # 'е'
+        24: 2,  # 'ж'
+        20: 2,  # 'з'
+        4: 1,  # 'и'
+        23: 1,  # 'й'
+        11: 2,  # 'к'
+        8: 2,  # 'л'
+        12: 2,  # 'м'
+        5: 2,  # 'н'
+        1: 1,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 0,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 2,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 1,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 1,  # 'я'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'я'
+        37: 0,  # 'А'
+        44: 0,  # 'Б'
+        33: 0,  # 'В'
+        46: 0,  # 'Г'
+        41: 0,  # 'Д'
+        48: 0,  # 'Е'
+        56: 0,  # 'Ж'
+        51: 0,  # 'З'
+        42: 0,  # 'И'
+        60: 0,  # 'Й'
+        36: 0,  # 'К'
+        49: 0,  # 'Л'
+        38: 0,  # 'М'
+        31: 0,  # 'Н'
+        34: 0,  # 'О'
+        35: 0,  # 'П'
+        45: 0,  # 'Р'
+        32: 0,  # 'С'
+        40: 0,  # 'Т'
+        52: 0,  # 'У'
+        53: 0,  # 'Ф'
+        55: 0,  # 'Х'
+        58: 0,  # 'Ц'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ч'
+        57: 0,  # 'Ш'
+        63: 0,  # 'Щ'
+        62: 0,  # 'Ы'
+        61: 0,  # 'Ь'
+        47: 0,  # 'Э'
+        59: 0,  # 'Ю'
+        43: 0,  # 'Я'
+        3: 0,  # 'а'
+        21: 2,  # 'б'
+        10: 3,  # 'в'
+        19: 2,  # 'г'
+        13: 3,  # 'д'
+        2: 3,  # 'е'
+        24: 3,  # 'ж'
+        20: 3,  # 'з'
+        4: 2,  # 'и'
+        23: 2,  # 'й'
+        11: 3,  # 'к'
+        8: 3,  # 'л'
+        12: 3,  # 'м'
+        5: 3,  # 'н'
+        1: 0,  # 'о'
+        15: 2,  # 'п'
+        9: 2,  # 'р'
+        7: 3,  # 'с'
+        6: 3,  # 'т'
+        14: 1,  # 'у'
+        39: 1,  # 'ф'
+        26: 3,  # 'х'
+        28: 2,  # 'ц'
+        22: 2,  # 'ч'
+        25: 2,  # 'ш'
+        29: 3,  # 'щ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ъ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ы'
+        17: 0,  # 'ь'
+        30: 0,  # 'э'
+        27: 2,  # 'ю'
+        16: 2,  # 'я'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+IBM866_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 37,  # 'А'
+    129: 44,  # 'Б'
+    130: 33,  # 'В'
+    131: 46,  # 'Г'
+    132: 41,  # 'Д'
+    133: 48,  # 'Е'
+    134: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    135: 51,  # 'З'
+    136: 42,  # 'И'
+    137: 60,  # 'Й'
+    138: 36,  # 'К'
+    139: 49,  # 'Л'
+    140: 38,  # 'М'
+    141: 31,  # 'Н'
+    142: 34,  # 'О'
+    143: 35,  # 'П'
+    144: 45,  # 'Р'
+    145: 32,  # 'С'
+    146: 40,  # 'Т'
+    147: 52,  # 'У'
+    148: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    149: 55,  # 'Х'
+    150: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    151: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    152: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    153: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    154: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    155: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    156: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    157: 47,  # 'Э'
+    158: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    159: 43,  # 'Я'
+    160: 3,  # 'а'
+    161: 21,  # 'б'
+    162: 10,  # 'в'
+    163: 19,  # 'г'
+    164: 13,  # 'д'
+    165: 2,  # 'е'
+    166: 24,  # 'ж'
+    167: 20,  # 'з'
+    168: 4,  # 'и'
+    169: 23,  # 'й'
+    170: 11,  # 'к'
+    171: 8,  # 'л'
+    172: 12,  # 'м'
+    173: 5,  # 'н'
+    174: 1,  # 'о'
+    175: 15,  # 'п'
+    176: 191,  # '░'
+    177: 192,  # '▒'
+    178: 193,  # '▓'
+    179: 194,  # '│'
+    180: 195,  # '┤'
+    181: 196,  # '╡'
+    182: 197,  # '╢'
+    183: 198,  # '╖'
+    184: 199,  # '╕'
+    185: 200,  # '╣'
+    186: 201,  # '║'
+    187: 202,  # '╗'
+    188: 203,  # '╝'
+    189: 204,  # '╜'
+    190: 205,  # '╛'
+    191: 206,  # '┐'
+    192: 207,  # '└'
+    193: 208,  # '┴'
+    194: 209,  # '┬'
+    195: 210,  # '├'
+    196: 211,  # '─'
+    197: 212,  # '┼'
+    198: 213,  # '╞'
+    199: 214,  # '╟'
+    200: 215,  # '╚'
+    201: 216,  # '╔'
+    202: 217,  # '╩'
+    203: 218,  # '╦'
+    204: 219,  # '╠'
+    205: 220,  # '═'
+    206: 221,  # '╬'
+    207: 222,  # '╧'
+    208: 223,  # '╨'
+    209: 224,  # '╤'
+    210: 225,  # '╥'
+    211: 226,  # '╙'
+    212: 227,  # '╘'
+    213: 228,  # '╒'
+    214: 229,  # '╓'
+    215: 230,  # '╫'
+    216: 231,  # '╪'
+    217: 232,  # '┘'
+    218: 233,  # '┌'
+    219: 234,  # '█'
+    220: 235,  # '▄'
+    221: 236,  # '▌'
+    222: 237,  # '▐'
+    223: 238,  # '▀'
+    224: 9,  # 'р'
+    225: 7,  # 'с'
+    226: 6,  # 'т'
+    227: 14,  # 'у'
+    228: 39,  # 'ф'
+    229: 26,  # 'х'
+    230: 28,  # 'ц'
+    231: 22,  # 'ч'
+    232: 25,  # 'ш'
+    233: 29,  # 'щ'
+    234: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    235: 18,  # 'ы'
+    236: 17,  # 'ь'
+    237: 30,  # 'э'
+    238: 27,  # 'ю'
+    239: 16,  # 'я'
+    240: 239,  # 'Ё'
+    241: 68,  # 'ё'
+    242: 240,  # 'Є'
+    243: 241,  # 'є'
+    244: 242,  # 'Ї'
+    245: 243,  # 'ї'
+    246: 244,  # 'Ў'
+    247: 245,  # 'ў'
+    248: 246,  # '°'
+    249: 247,  # '∙'
+    250: 248,  # '·'
+    251: 249,  # '√'
+    252: 250,  # '№'
+    253: 251,  # '¤'
+    254: 252,  # '■'
+    255: 255,  # '\xa0'
+}
+
+IBM866_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="IBM866",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=IBM866_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # 'Ђ'
+    129: 192,  # 'Ѓ'
+    130: 193,  # '‚'
+    131: 194,  # 'ѓ'
+    132: 195,  # '„'
+    133: 196,  # '…'
+    134: 197,  # '†'
+    135: 198,  # '‡'
+    136: 199,  # '€'
+    137: 200,  # '‰'
+    138: 201,  # 'Љ'
+    139: 202,  # '‹'
+    140: 203,  # 'Њ'
+    141: 204,  # 'Ќ'
+    142: 205,  # 'Ћ'
+    143: 206,  # 'Џ'
+    144: 207,  # 'ђ'
+    145: 208,  # '‘'
+    146: 209,  # '’'
+    147: 210,  # '“'
+    148: 211,  # '”'
+    149: 212,  # '•'
+    150: 213,  # '–'
+    151: 214,  # '—'
+    152: 215,  # None
+    153: 216,  # '™'
+    154: 217,  # 'љ'
+    155: 218,  # '›'
+    156: 219,  # 'њ'
+    157: 220,  # 'ќ'
+    158: 221,  # 'ћ'
+    159: 222,  # 'џ'
+    160: 223,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 224,  # 'Ў'
+    162: 225,  # 'ў'
+    163: 226,  # 'Ј'
+    164: 227,  # '¤'
+    165: 228,  # 'Ґ'
+    166: 229,  # '¦'
+    167: 230,  # '§'
+    168: 231,  # 'Ё'
+    169: 232,  # '©'
+    170: 233,  # 'Є'
+    171: 234,  # '«'
+    172: 235,  # '¬'
+    173: 236,  # '\xad'
+    174: 237,  # '®'
+    175: 238,  # 'Ї'
+    176: 239,  # '°'
+    177: 240,  # '±'
+    178: 241,  # 'І'
+    179: 242,  # 'і'
+    180: 243,  # 'ґ'
+    181: 244,  # 'µ'
+    182: 245,  # '¶'
+    183: 246,  # '·'
+    184: 68,  # 'ё'
+    185: 247,  # '№'
+    186: 248,  # 'є'
+    187: 249,  # '»'
+    188: 250,  # 'ј'
+    189: 251,  # 'Ѕ'
+    190: 252,  # 'ѕ'
+    191: 253,  # 'ї'
+    192: 37,  # 'А'
+    193: 44,  # 'Б'
+    194: 33,  # 'В'
+    195: 46,  # 'Г'
+    196: 41,  # 'Д'
+    197: 48,  # 'Е'
+    198: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    199: 51,  # 'З'
+    200: 42,  # 'И'
+    201: 60,  # 'Й'
+    202: 36,  # 'К'
+    203: 49,  # 'Л'
+    204: 38,  # 'М'
+    205: 31,  # 'Н'
+    206: 34,  # 'О'
+    207: 35,  # 'П'
+    208: 45,  # 'Р'
+    209: 32,  # 'С'
+    210: 40,  # 'Т'
+    211: 52,  # 'У'
+    212: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    213: 55,  # 'Х'
+    214: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    215: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    216: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    217: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    218: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    219: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    220: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    221: 47,  # 'Э'
+    222: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    223: 43,  # 'Я'
+    224: 3,  # 'а'
+    225: 21,  # 'б'
+    226: 10,  # 'в'
+    227: 19,  # 'г'
+    228: 13,  # 'д'
+    229: 2,  # 'е'
+    230: 24,  # 'ж'
+    231: 20,  # 'з'
+    232: 4,  # 'и'
+    233: 23,  # 'й'
+    234: 11,  # 'к'
+    235: 8,  # 'л'
+    236: 12,  # 'м'
+    237: 5,  # 'н'
+    238: 1,  # 'о'
+    239: 15,  # 'п'
+    240: 9,  # 'р'
+    241: 7,  # 'с'
+    242: 6,  # 'т'
+    243: 14,  # 'у'
+    244: 39,  # 'ф'
+    245: 26,  # 'х'
+    246: 28,  # 'ц'
+    247: 22,  # 'ч'
+    248: 25,  # 'ш'
+    249: 29,  # 'щ'
+    250: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    251: 18,  # 'ы'
+    252: 17,  # 'ь'
+    253: 30,  # 'э'
+    254: 27,  # 'ю'
+    255: 16,  # 'я'
+}
+
+WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="windows-1251",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+IBM855_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # 'ђ'
+    129: 192,  # 'Ђ'
+    130: 193,  # 'ѓ'
+    131: 194,  # 'Ѓ'
+    132: 68,  # 'ё'
+    133: 195,  # 'Ё'
+    134: 196,  # 'є'
+    135: 197,  # 'Є'
+    136: 198,  # 'ѕ'
+    137: 199,  # 'Ѕ'
+    138: 200,  # 'і'
+    139: 201,  # 'І'
+    140: 202,  # 'ї'
+    141: 203,  # 'Ї'
+    142: 204,  # 'ј'
+    143: 205,  # 'Ј'
+    144: 206,  # 'љ'
+    145: 207,  # 'Љ'
+    146: 208,  # 'њ'
+    147: 209,  # 'Њ'
+    148: 210,  # 'ћ'
+    149: 211,  # 'Ћ'
+    150: 212,  # 'ќ'
+    151: 213,  # 'Ќ'
+    152: 214,  # 'ў'
+    153: 215,  # 'Ў'
+    154: 216,  # 'џ'
+    155: 217,  # 'Џ'
+    156: 27,  # 'ю'
+    157: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    158: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    159: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    160: 3,  # 'а'
+    161: 37,  # 'А'
+    162: 21,  # 'б'
+    163: 44,  # 'Б'
+    164: 28,  # 'ц'
+    165: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    166: 13,  # 'д'
+    167: 41,  # 'Д'
+    168: 2,  # 'е'
+    169: 48,  # 'Е'
+    170: 39,  # 'ф'
+    171: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    172: 19,  # 'г'
+    173: 46,  # 'Г'
+    174: 218,  # '«'
+    175: 219,  # '»'
+    176: 220,  # '░'
+    177: 221,  # '▒'
+    178: 222,  # '▓'
+    179: 223,  # '│'
+    180: 224,  # '┤'
+    181: 26,  # 'х'
+    182: 55,  # 'Х'
+    183: 4,  # 'и'
+    184: 42,  # 'И'
+    185: 225,  # '╣'
+    186: 226,  # '║'
+    187: 227,  # '╗'
+    188: 228,  # '╝'
+    189: 23,  # 'й'
+    190: 60,  # 'Й'
+    191: 229,  # '┐'
+    192: 230,  # '└'
+    193: 231,  # '┴'
+    194: 232,  # '┬'
+    195: 233,  # '├'
+    196: 234,  # '─'
+    197: 235,  # '┼'
+    198: 11,  # 'к'
+    199: 36,  # 'К'
+    200: 236,  # '╚'
+    201: 237,  # '╔'
+    202: 238,  # '╩'
+    203: 239,  # '╦'
+    204: 240,  # '╠'
+    205: 241,  # '═'
+    206: 242,  # '╬'
+    207: 243,  # '¤'
+    208: 8,  # 'л'
+    209: 49,  # 'Л'
+    210: 12,  # 'м'
+    211: 38,  # 'М'
+    212: 5,  # 'н'
+    213: 31,  # 'Н'
+    214: 1,  # 'о'
+    215: 34,  # 'О'
+    216: 15,  # 'п'
+    217: 244,  # '┘'
+    218: 245,  # '┌'
+    219: 246,  # '█'
+    220: 247,  # '▄'
+    221: 35,  # 'П'
+    222: 16,  # 'я'
+    223: 248,  # '▀'
+    224: 43,  # 'Я'
+    225: 9,  # 'р'
+    226: 45,  # 'Р'
+    227: 7,  # 'с'
+    228: 32,  # 'С'
+    229: 6,  # 'т'
+    230: 40,  # 'Т'
+    231: 14,  # 'у'
+    232: 52,  # 'У'
+    233: 24,  # 'ж'
+    234: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    235: 10,  # 'в'
+    236: 33,  # 'В'
+    237: 17,  # 'ь'
+    238: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    239: 249,  # '№'
+    240: 250,  # '\xad'
+    241: 18,  # 'ы'
+    242: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    243: 20,  # 'з'
+    244: 51,  # 'З'
+    245: 25,  # 'ш'
+    246: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    247: 30,  # 'э'
+    248: 47,  # 'Э'
+    249: 29,  # 'щ'
+    250: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    251: 22,  # 'ч'
+    252: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    253: 251,  # '§'
+    254: 252,  # '■'
+    255: 255,  # '\xa0'
+}
+
+IBM855_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="IBM855",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=IBM855_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # '─'
+    129: 192,  # '│'
+    130: 193,  # '┌'
+    131: 194,  # '┐'
+    132: 195,  # '└'
+    133: 196,  # '┘'
+    134: 197,  # '├'
+    135: 198,  # '┤'
+    136: 199,  # '┬'
+    137: 200,  # '┴'
+    138: 201,  # '┼'
+    139: 202,  # '▀'
+    140: 203,  # '▄'
+    141: 204,  # '█'
+    142: 205,  # '▌'
+    143: 206,  # '▐'
+    144: 207,  # '░'
+    145: 208,  # '▒'
+    146: 209,  # '▓'
+    147: 210,  # '⌠'
+    148: 211,  # '■'
+    149: 212,  # '∙'
+    150: 213,  # '√'
+    151: 214,  # '≈'
+    152: 215,  # '≤'
+    153: 216,  # '≥'
+    154: 217,  # '\xa0'
+    155: 218,  # '⌡'
+    156: 219,  # '°'
+    157: 220,  # '²'
+    158: 221,  # '·'
+    159: 222,  # '÷'
+    160: 223,  # '═'
+    161: 224,  # '║'
+    162: 225,  # '╒'
+    163: 68,  # 'ё'
+    164: 226,  # '╓'
+    165: 227,  # '╔'
+    166: 228,  # '╕'
+    167: 229,  # '╖'
+    168: 230,  # '╗'
+    169: 231,  # '╘'
+    170: 232,  # '╙'
+    171: 233,  # '╚'
+    172: 234,  # '╛'
+    173: 235,  # '╜'
+    174: 236,  # '╝'
+    175: 237,  # '╞'
+    176: 238,  # '╟'
+    177: 239,  # '╠'
+    178: 240,  # '╡'
+    179: 241,  # 'Ё'
+    180: 242,  # '╢'
+    181: 243,  # '╣'
+    182: 244,  # '╤'
+    183: 245,  # '╥'
+    184: 246,  # '╦'
+    185: 247,  # '╧'
+    186: 248,  # '╨'
+    187: 249,  # '╩'
+    188: 250,  # '╪'
+    189: 251,  # '╫'
+    190: 252,  # '╬'
+    191: 253,  # '©'
+    192: 27,  # 'ю'
+    193: 3,  # 'а'
+    194: 21,  # 'б'
+    195: 28,  # 'ц'
+    196: 13,  # 'д'
+    197: 2,  # 'е'
+    198: 39,  # 'ф'
+    199: 19,  # 'г'
+    200: 26,  # 'х'
+    201: 4,  # 'и'
+    202: 23,  # 'й'
+    203: 11,  # 'к'
+    204: 8,  # 'л'
+    205: 12,  # 'м'
+    206: 5,  # 'н'
+    207: 1,  # 'о'
+    208: 15,  # 'п'
+    209: 16,  # 'я'
+    210: 9,  # 'р'
+    211: 7,  # 'с'
+    212: 6,  # 'т'
+    213: 14,  # 'у'
+    214: 24,  # 'ж'
+    215: 10,  # 'в'
+    216: 17,  # 'ь'
+    217: 18,  # 'ы'
+    218: 20,  # 'з'
+    219: 25,  # 'ш'
+    220: 30,  # 'э'
+    221: 29,  # 'щ'
+    222: 22,  # 'ч'
+    223: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    224: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    225: 37,  # 'А'
+    226: 44,  # 'Б'
+    227: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    228: 41,  # 'Д'
+    229: 48,  # 'Е'
+    230: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    231: 46,  # 'Г'
+    232: 55,  # 'Х'
+    233: 42,  # 'И'
+    234: 60,  # 'Й'
+    235: 36,  # 'К'
+    236: 49,  # 'Л'
+    237: 38,  # 'М'
+    238: 31,  # 'Н'
+    239: 34,  # 'О'
+    240: 35,  # 'П'
+    241: 43,  # 'Я'
+    242: 45,  # 'Р'
+    243: 32,  # 'С'
+    244: 40,  # 'Т'
+    245: 52,  # 'У'
+    246: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    247: 33,  # 'В'
+    248: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    249: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    250: 51,  # 'З'
+    251: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    252: 47,  # 'Э'
+    253: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    254: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    255: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+}
+
+KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="KOI8-R",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 37,  # 'А'
+    129: 44,  # 'Б'
+    130: 33,  # 'В'
+    131: 46,  # 'Г'
+    132: 41,  # 'Д'
+    133: 48,  # 'Е'
+    134: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    135: 51,  # 'З'
+    136: 42,  # 'И'
+    137: 60,  # 'Й'
+    138: 36,  # 'К'
+    139: 49,  # 'Л'
+    140: 38,  # 'М'
+    141: 31,  # 'Н'
+    142: 34,  # 'О'
+    143: 35,  # 'П'
+    144: 45,  # 'Р'
+    145: 32,  # 'С'
+    146: 40,  # 'Т'
+    147: 52,  # 'У'
+    148: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    149: 55,  # 'Х'
+    150: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    151: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    152: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    153: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    154: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    155: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    156: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    157: 47,  # 'Э'
+    158: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    159: 43,  # 'Я'
+    160: 191,  # '†'
+    161: 192,  # '°'
+    162: 193,  # 'Ґ'
+    163: 194,  # '£'
+    164: 195,  # '§'
+    165: 196,  # '•'
+    166: 197,  # '¶'
+    167: 198,  # 'І'
+    168: 199,  # '®'
+    169: 200,  # '©'
+    170: 201,  # '™'
+    171: 202,  # 'Ђ'
+    172: 203,  # 'ђ'
+    173: 204,  # '≠'
+    174: 205,  # 'Ѓ'
+    175: 206,  # 'ѓ'
+    176: 207,  # '∞'
+    177: 208,  # '±'
+    178: 209,  # '≤'
+    179: 210,  # '≥'
+    180: 211,  # 'і'
+    181: 212,  # 'µ'
+    182: 213,  # 'ґ'
+    183: 214,  # 'Ј'
+    184: 215,  # 'Є'
+    185: 216,  # 'є'
+    186: 217,  # 'Ї'
+    187: 218,  # 'ї'
+    188: 219,  # 'Љ'
+    189: 220,  # 'љ'
+    190: 221,  # 'Њ'
+    191: 222,  # 'њ'
+    192: 223,  # 'ј'
+    193: 224,  # 'Ѕ'
+    194: 225,  # '¬'
+    195: 226,  # '√'
+    196: 227,  # 'ƒ'
+    197: 228,  # '≈'
+    198: 229,  # '∆'
+    199: 230,  # '«'
+    200: 231,  # '»'
+    201: 232,  # '…'
+    202: 233,  # '\xa0'
+    203: 234,  # 'Ћ'
+    204: 235,  # 'ћ'
+    205: 236,  # 'Ќ'
+    206: 237,  # 'ќ'
+    207: 238,  # 'ѕ'
+    208: 239,  # '–'
+    209: 240,  # '—'
+    210: 241,  # '“'
+    211: 242,  # '”'
+    212: 243,  # '‘'
+    213: 244,  # '’'
+    214: 245,  # '÷'
+    215: 246,  # '„'
+    216: 247,  # 'Ў'
+    217: 248,  # 'ў'
+    218: 249,  # 'Џ'
+    219: 250,  # 'џ'
+    220: 251,  # '№'
+    221: 252,  # 'Ё'
+    222: 68,  # 'ё'
+    223: 16,  # 'я'
+    224: 3,  # 'а'
+    225: 21,  # 'б'
+    226: 10,  # 'в'
+    227: 19,  # 'г'
+    228: 13,  # 'д'
+    229: 2,  # 'е'
+    230: 24,  # 'ж'
+    231: 20,  # 'з'
+    232: 4,  # 'и'
+    233: 23,  # 'й'
+    234: 11,  # 'к'
+    235: 8,  # 'л'
+    236: 12,  # 'м'
+    237: 5,  # 'н'
+    238: 1,  # 'о'
+    239: 15,  # 'п'
+    240: 9,  # 'р'
+    241: 7,  # 'с'
+    242: 6,  # 'т'
+    243: 14,  # 'у'
+    244: 39,  # 'ф'
+    245: 26,  # 'х'
+    246: 28,  # 'ц'
+    247: 22,  # 'ч'
+    248: 25,  # 'ш'
+    249: 29,  # 'щ'
+    250: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    251: 18,  # 'ы'
+    252: 17,  # 'ь'
+    253: 30,  # 'э'
+    254: 27,  # 'ю'
+    255: 255,  # '€'
+}
+
+MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="MacCyrillic",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
+
+ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 142,  # 'A'
+    66: 143,  # 'B'
+    67: 144,  # 'C'
+    68: 145,  # 'D'
+    69: 146,  # 'E'
+    70: 147,  # 'F'
+    71: 148,  # 'G'
+    72: 149,  # 'H'
+    73: 150,  # 'I'
+    74: 151,  # 'J'
+    75: 152,  # 'K'
+    76: 74,  # 'L'
+    77: 153,  # 'M'
+    78: 75,  # 'N'
+    79: 154,  # 'O'
+    80: 155,  # 'P'
+    81: 156,  # 'Q'
+    82: 157,  # 'R'
+    83: 158,  # 'S'
+    84: 159,  # 'T'
+    85: 160,  # 'U'
+    86: 161,  # 'V'
+    87: 162,  # 'W'
+    88: 163,  # 'X'
+    89: 164,  # 'Y'
+    90: 165,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 71,  # 'a'
+    98: 172,  # 'b'
+    99: 66,  # 'c'
+    100: 173,  # 'd'
+    101: 65,  # 'e'
+    102: 174,  # 'f'
+    103: 76,  # 'g'
+    104: 175,  # 'h'
+    105: 64,  # 'i'
+    106: 176,  # 'j'
+    107: 177,  # 'k'
+    108: 77,  # 'l'
+    109: 72,  # 'm'
+    110: 178,  # 'n'
+    111: 69,  # 'o'
+    112: 67,  # 'p'
+    113: 179,  # 'q'
+    114: 78,  # 'r'
+    115: 73,  # 's'
+    116: 180,  # 't'
+    117: 181,  # 'u'
+    118: 79,  # 'v'
+    119: 182,  # 'w'
+    120: 183,  # 'x'
+    121: 184,  # 'y'
+    122: 185,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 191,  # '\x80'
+    129: 192,  # '\x81'
+    130: 193,  # '\x82'
+    131: 194,  # '\x83'
+    132: 195,  # '\x84'
+    133: 196,  # '\x85'
+    134: 197,  # '\x86'
+    135: 198,  # '\x87'
+    136: 199,  # '\x88'
+    137: 200,  # '\x89'
+    138: 201,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 202,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 203,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 204,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 205,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 206,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 207,  # '\x90'
+    145: 208,  # '\x91'
+    146: 209,  # '\x92'
+    147: 210,  # '\x93'
+    148: 211,  # '\x94'
+    149: 212,  # '\x95'
+    150: 213,  # '\x96'
+    151: 214,  # '\x97'
+    152: 215,  # '\x98'
+    153: 216,  # '\x99'
+    154: 217,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 218,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 219,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 220,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 221,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 222,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 223,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 224,  # 'Ё'
+    162: 225,  # 'Ђ'
+    163: 226,  # 'Ѓ'
+    164: 227,  # 'Є'
+    165: 228,  # 'Ѕ'
+    166: 229,  # 'І'
+    167: 230,  # 'Ї'
+    168: 231,  # 'Ј'
+    169: 232,  # 'Љ'
+    170: 233,  # 'Њ'
+    171: 234,  # 'Ћ'
+    172: 235,  # 'Ќ'
+    173: 236,  # '\xad'
+    174: 237,  # 'Ў'
+    175: 238,  # 'Џ'
+    176: 37,  # 'А'
+    177: 44,  # 'Б'
+    178: 33,  # 'В'
+    179: 46,  # 'Г'
+    180: 41,  # 'Д'
+    181: 48,  # 'Е'
+    182: 56,  # 'Ж'
+    183: 51,  # 'З'
+    184: 42,  # 'И'
+    185: 60,  # 'Й'
+    186: 36,  # 'К'
+    187: 49,  # 'Л'
+    188: 38,  # 'М'
+    189: 31,  # 'Н'
+    190: 34,  # 'О'
+    191: 35,  # 'П'
+    192: 45,  # 'Р'
+    193: 32,  # 'С'
+    194: 40,  # 'Т'
+    195: 52,  # 'У'
+    196: 53,  # 'Ф'
+    197: 55,  # 'Х'
+    198: 58,  # 'Ц'
+    199: 50,  # 'Ч'
+    200: 57,  # 'Ш'
+    201: 63,  # 'Щ'
+    202: 70,  # 'Ъ'
+    203: 62,  # 'Ы'
+    204: 61,  # 'Ь'
+    205: 47,  # 'Э'
+    206: 59,  # 'Ю'
+    207: 43,  # 'Я'
+    208: 3,  # 'а'
+    209: 21,  # 'б'
+    210: 10,  # 'в'
+    211: 19,  # 'г'
+    212: 13,  # 'д'
+    213: 2,  # 'е'
+    214: 24,  # 'ж'
+    215: 20,  # 'з'
+    216: 4,  # 'и'
+    217: 23,  # 'й'
+    218: 11,  # 'к'
+    219: 8,  # 'л'
+    220: 12,  # 'м'
+    221: 5,  # 'н'
+    222: 1,  # 'о'
+    223: 15,  # 'п'
+    224: 9,  # 'р'
+    225: 7,  # 'с'
+    226: 6,  # 'т'
+    227: 14,  # 'у'
+    228: 39,  # 'ф'
+    229: 26,  # 'х'
+    230: 28,  # 'ц'
+    231: 22,  # 'ч'
+    232: 25,  # 'ш'
+    233: 29,  # 'щ'
+    234: 54,  # 'ъ'
+    235: 18,  # 'ы'
+    236: 17,  # 'ь'
+    237: 30,  # 'э'
+    238: 27,  # 'ю'
+    239: 16,  # 'я'
+    240: 239,  # '№'
+    241: 68,  # 'ё'
+    242: 240,  # 'ђ'
+    243: 241,  # 'ѓ'
+    244: 242,  # 'є'
+    245: 243,  # 'ѕ'
+    246: 244,  # 'і'
+    247: 245,  # 'ї'
+    248: 246,  # 'ј'
+    249: 247,  # 'љ'
+    250: 248,  # 'њ'
+    251: 249,  # 'ћ'
+    252: 250,  # 'ќ'
+    253: 251,  # '§'
+    254: 252,  # 'ў'
+    255: 255,  # 'џ'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-5",
+    language="Russian",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=RUSSIAN_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.976601,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="ЁАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяё",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langthaimodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langthaimodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..489cad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langthaimodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4380 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+THAI_LANG_MODEL = {
+    5: {  # 'ก'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 3,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 2,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 2,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 2,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 3,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ข'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 2,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'ค'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 2,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 2,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 3,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    8: {  # 'ง'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 2,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 3,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'จ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'ฉ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 1,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'ช'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 1,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 1,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'ซ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 1,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 1,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'ญ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 3,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'ฎ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'ฏ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'ฐ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'ฑ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'ฒ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'ณ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 3,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 3,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'ด'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 2,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 2,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 2,  # '็'
+        6: 1,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ต'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 2,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 2,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'ถ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'ท'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 3,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 1,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 3,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'ธ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 2,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'น'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 2,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 3,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 1,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 3,  # 'โ'
+        29: 3,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 3,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 2,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'บ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'ป'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 1,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 3,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 1,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 1,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'ผ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'ฝ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 1,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'พ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 2,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'ฟ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 1,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'ภ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    9: {  # 'ม'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 2,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 1,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 2,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'ย'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 2,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 1,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 2,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 2,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'ร'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 2,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 3,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 3,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 3,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 3,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'ฤ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'ล'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 3,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 2,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 2,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'ว'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 2,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 2,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'ศ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 1,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 3,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 2,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'ษ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 2,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 1,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 2,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 2,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'ส'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 3,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 3,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 3,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 2,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 3,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 1,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'ห'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 1,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 1,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 1,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 1,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 3,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'อ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 2,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 3,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 2,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 3,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 3,  # 'ื'
+        32: 3,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 1,  # '็'
+        6: 2,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    63: {  # 'ฯ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'ะ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'ั'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 3,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 2,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 3,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'า'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 2,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 3,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 3,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'ำ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    23: {  # 'ิ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 3,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 2,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 3,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 2,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'ี'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 1,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'ึ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'ื'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'ุ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 1,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 3,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 2,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 2,  # '้'
+        38: 1,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'ู'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 2,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 2,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 1,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 3,  # '่'
+        7: 3,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'เ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 3,  # 'ข'
+        24: 3,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 3,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 2,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 1,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 3,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 3,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 2,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'แ'
+        5: 3,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 1,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 3,  # 'ต'
+        44: 2,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 3,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 2,  # 'พ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'โ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 1,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 1,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 1,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 3,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'ใ'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 3,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 3,  # 'ส'
+        21: 3,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'ไ'
+        5: 1,  # 'ก'
+        30: 2,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 3,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 3,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 3,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 2,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 3,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'ๆ'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    37: {  # '็'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 2,  # 'ง'
+        26: 3,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 1,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 3,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 1,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 2,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 1,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 1,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    6: {  # '่'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 1,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 1,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 1,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 3,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 2,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 1,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 3,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 1,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    7: {  # '้'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 2,  # 'ค'
+        8: 3,  # 'ง'
+        26: 2,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 1,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 1,  # 'ด'
+        19: 2,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 2,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 3,  # 'น'
+        17: 2,  # 'บ'
+        25: 2,  # 'ป'
+        39: 2,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 3,  # 'ม'
+        16: 2,  # 'ย'
+        2: 2,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 3,  # 'ว'
+        42: 1,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 2,  # 'ส'
+        21: 2,  # 'ห'
+        4: 3,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 3,  # 'า'
+        36: 2,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 2,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 2,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    38: {  # '์'
+        5: 2,  # 'ก'
+        30: 1,  # 'ข'
+        24: 1,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 1,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 1,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 2,  # 'ด'
+        19: 1,  # 'ต'
+        44: 1,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 1,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 1,  # 'น'
+        17: 1,  # 'บ'
+        25: 1,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 1,  # 'พ'
+        54: 1,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 2,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 1,  # 'ร'
+        61: 1,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 1,  # 'ล'
+        12: 1,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 1,  # 'ส'
+        21: 1,  # 'ห'
+        4: 2,  # 'อ'
+        63: 1,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 2,  # 'เ'
+        28: 2,  # 'แ'
+        41: 1,  # 'โ'
+        29: 1,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 1,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 0,  # '๑'
+        59: 0,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+    56: {  # '๑'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 2,  # '๑'
+        59: 1,  # '๒'
+        60: 1,  # '๕'
+    },
+    59: {  # '๒'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 1,  # '๑'
+        59: 1,  # '๒'
+        60: 3,  # '๕'
+    },
+    60: {  # '๕'
+        5: 0,  # 'ก'
+        30: 0,  # 'ข'
+        24: 0,  # 'ค'
+        8: 0,  # 'ง'
+        26: 0,  # 'จ'
+        52: 0,  # 'ฉ'
+        34: 0,  # 'ช'
+        51: 0,  # 'ซ'
+        47: 0,  # 'ญ'
+        58: 0,  # 'ฎ'
+        57: 0,  # 'ฏ'
+        49: 0,  # 'ฐ'
+        53: 0,  # 'ฑ'
+        55: 0,  # 'ฒ'
+        43: 0,  # 'ณ'
+        20: 0,  # 'ด'
+        19: 0,  # 'ต'
+        44: 0,  # 'ถ'
+        14: 0,  # 'ท'
+        48: 0,  # 'ธ'
+        3: 0,  # 'น'
+        17: 0,  # 'บ'
+        25: 0,  # 'ป'
+        39: 0,  # 'ผ'
+        62: 0,  # 'ฝ'
+        31: 0,  # 'พ'
+        54: 0,  # 'ฟ'
+        45: 0,  # 'ภ'
+        9: 0,  # 'ม'
+        16: 0,  # 'ย'
+        2: 0,  # 'ร'
+        61: 0,  # 'ฤ'
+        15: 0,  # 'ล'
+        12: 0,  # 'ว'
+        42: 0,  # 'ศ'
+        46: 0,  # 'ษ'
+        18: 0,  # 'ส'
+        21: 0,  # 'ห'
+        4: 0,  # 'อ'
+        63: 0,  # 'ฯ'
+        22: 0,  # 'ะ'
+        10: 0,  # 'ั'
+        1: 0,  # 'า'
+        36: 0,  # 'ำ'
+        23: 0,  # 'ิ'
+        13: 0,  # 'ี'
+        40: 0,  # 'ึ'
+        27: 0,  # 'ื'
+        32: 0,  # 'ุ'
+        35: 0,  # 'ู'
+        11: 0,  # 'เ'
+        28: 0,  # 'แ'
+        41: 0,  # 'โ'
+        29: 0,  # 'ใ'
+        33: 0,  # 'ไ'
+        50: 0,  # 'ๆ'
+        37: 0,  # '็'
+        6: 0,  # '่'
+        7: 0,  # '้'
+        38: 0,  # '์'
+        56: 2,  # '๑'
+        59: 1,  # '๒'
+        60: 0,  # '๕'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+TIS_620_THAI_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 254,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 254,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 253,  # ' '
+    33: 253,  # '!'
+    34: 253,  # '"'
+    35: 253,  # '#'
+    36: 253,  # '$'
+    37: 253,  # '%'
+    38: 253,  # '&'
+    39: 253,  # "'"
+    40: 253,  # '('
+    41: 253,  # ')'
+    42: 253,  # '*'
+    43: 253,  # '+'
+    44: 253,  # ','
+    45: 253,  # '-'
+    46: 253,  # '.'
+    47: 253,  # '/'
+    48: 252,  # '0'
+    49: 252,  # '1'
+    50: 252,  # '2'
+    51: 252,  # '3'
+    52: 252,  # '4'
+    53: 252,  # '5'
+    54: 252,  # '6'
+    55: 252,  # '7'
+    56: 252,  # '8'
+    57: 252,  # '9'
+    58: 253,  # ':'
+    59: 253,  # ';'
+    60: 253,  # '<'
+    61: 253,  # '='
+    62: 253,  # '>'
+    63: 253,  # '?'
+    64: 253,  # '@'
+    65: 182,  # 'A'
+    66: 106,  # 'B'
+    67: 107,  # 'C'
+    68: 100,  # 'D'
+    69: 183,  # 'E'
+    70: 184,  # 'F'
+    71: 185,  # 'G'
+    72: 101,  # 'H'
+    73: 94,  # 'I'
+    74: 186,  # 'J'
+    75: 187,  # 'K'
+    76: 108,  # 'L'
+    77: 109,  # 'M'
+    78: 110,  # 'N'
+    79: 111,  # 'O'
+    80: 188,  # 'P'
+    81: 189,  # 'Q'
+    82: 190,  # 'R'
+    83: 89,  # 'S'
+    84: 95,  # 'T'
+    85: 112,  # 'U'
+    86: 113,  # 'V'
+    87: 191,  # 'W'
+    88: 192,  # 'X'
+    89: 193,  # 'Y'
+    90: 194,  # 'Z'
+    91: 253,  # '['
+    92: 253,  # '\\'
+    93: 253,  # ']'
+    94: 253,  # '^'
+    95: 253,  # '_'
+    96: 253,  # '`'
+    97: 64,  # 'a'
+    98: 72,  # 'b'
+    99: 73,  # 'c'
+    100: 114,  # 'd'
+    101: 74,  # 'e'
+    102: 115,  # 'f'
+    103: 116,  # 'g'
+    104: 102,  # 'h'
+    105: 81,  # 'i'
+    106: 201,  # 'j'
+    107: 117,  # 'k'
+    108: 90,  # 'l'
+    109: 103,  # 'm'
+    110: 78,  # 'n'
+    111: 82,  # 'o'
+    112: 96,  # 'p'
+    113: 202,  # 'q'
+    114: 91,  # 'r'
+    115: 79,  # 's'
+    116: 84,  # 't'
+    117: 104,  # 'u'
+    118: 105,  # 'v'
+    119: 97,  # 'w'
+    120: 98,  # 'x'
+    121: 92,  # 'y'
+    122: 203,  # 'z'
+    123: 253,  # '{'
+    124: 253,  # '|'
+    125: 253,  # '}'
+    126: 253,  # '~'
+    127: 253,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 209,  # '\x80'
+    129: 210,  # '\x81'
+    130: 211,  # '\x82'
+    131: 212,  # '\x83'
+    132: 213,  # '\x84'
+    133: 88,  # '\x85'
+    134: 214,  # '\x86'
+    135: 215,  # '\x87'
+    136: 216,  # '\x88'
+    137: 217,  # '\x89'
+    138: 218,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 219,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 220,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 118,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 221,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 222,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 223,  # '\x90'
+    145: 224,  # '\x91'
+    146: 99,  # '\x92'
+    147: 85,  # '\x93'
+    148: 83,  # '\x94'
+    149: 225,  # '\x95'
+    150: 226,  # '\x96'
+    151: 227,  # '\x97'
+    152: 228,  # '\x98'
+    153: 229,  # '\x99'
+    154: 230,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 231,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 232,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 233,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 234,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 235,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 236,  # None
+    161: 5,  # 'ก'
+    162: 30,  # 'ข'
+    163: 237,  # 'ฃ'
+    164: 24,  # 'ค'
+    165: 238,  # 'ฅ'
+    166: 75,  # 'ฆ'
+    167: 8,  # 'ง'
+    168: 26,  # 'จ'
+    169: 52,  # 'ฉ'
+    170: 34,  # 'ช'
+    171: 51,  # 'ซ'
+    172: 119,  # 'ฌ'
+    173: 47,  # 'ญ'
+    174: 58,  # 'ฎ'
+    175: 57,  # 'ฏ'
+    176: 49,  # 'ฐ'
+    177: 53,  # 'ฑ'
+    178: 55,  # 'ฒ'
+    179: 43,  # 'ณ'
+    180: 20,  # 'ด'
+    181: 19,  # 'ต'
+    182: 44,  # 'ถ'
+    183: 14,  # 'ท'
+    184: 48,  # 'ธ'
+    185: 3,  # 'น'
+    186: 17,  # 'บ'
+    187: 25,  # 'ป'
+    188: 39,  # 'ผ'
+    189: 62,  # 'ฝ'
+    190: 31,  # 'พ'
+    191: 54,  # 'ฟ'
+    192: 45,  # 'ภ'
+    193: 9,  # 'ม'
+    194: 16,  # 'ย'
+    195: 2,  # 'ร'
+    196: 61,  # 'ฤ'
+    197: 15,  # 'ล'
+    198: 239,  # 'ฦ'
+    199: 12,  # 'ว'
+    200: 42,  # 'ศ'
+    201: 46,  # 'ษ'
+    202: 18,  # 'ส'
+    203: 21,  # 'ห'
+    204: 76,  # 'ฬ'
+    205: 4,  # 'อ'
+    206: 66,  # 'ฮ'
+    207: 63,  # 'ฯ'
+    208: 22,  # 'ะ'
+    209: 10,  # 'ั'
+    210: 1,  # 'า'
+    211: 36,  # 'ำ'
+    212: 23,  # 'ิ'
+    213: 13,  # 'ี'
+    214: 40,  # 'ึ'
+    215: 27,  # 'ื'
+    216: 32,  # 'ุ'
+    217: 35,  # 'ู'
+    218: 86,  # 'ฺ'
+    219: 240,  # None
+    220: 241,  # None
+    221: 242,  # None
+    222: 243,  # None
+    223: 244,  # '฿'
+    224: 11,  # 'เ'
+    225: 28,  # 'แ'
+    226: 41,  # 'โ'
+    227: 29,  # 'ใ'
+    228: 33,  # 'ไ'
+    229: 245,  # 'ๅ'
+    230: 50,  # 'ๆ'
+    231: 37,  # '็'
+    232: 6,  # '่'
+    233: 7,  # '้'
+    234: 67,  # '๊'
+    235: 77,  # '๋'
+    236: 38,  # '์'
+    237: 93,  # 'ํ'
+    238: 246,  # '๎'
+    239: 247,  # '๏'
+    240: 68,  # '๐'
+    241: 56,  # '๑'
+    242: 59,  # '๒'
+    243: 65,  # '๓'
+    244: 69,  # '๔'
+    245: 60,  # '๕'
+    246: 70,  # '๖'
+    247: 80,  # '๗'
+    248: 71,  # '๘'
+    249: 87,  # '๙'
+    250: 248,  # '๚'
+    251: 249,  # '๛'
+    252: 250,  # None
+    253: 251,  # None
+    254: 252,  # None
+    255: 253,  # None
+}
+
+TIS_620_THAI_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="TIS-620",
+    language="Thai",
+    char_to_order_map=TIS_620_THAI_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=THAI_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.926386,
+    keep_ascii_letters=False,
+    alphabet="กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langturkishmodel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langturkishmodel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..291857c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/langturkishmodel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4380 @@
+from pip._vendor.chardet.sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetModel
+
+# 3: Positive
+# 2: Likely
+# 1: Unlikely
+# 0: Negative
+
+TURKISH_LANG_MODEL = {
+    23: {  # 'A'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    37: {  # 'B'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 2,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    47: {  # 'C'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    39: {  # 'D'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    29: {  # 'E'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    52: {  # 'F'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    36: {  # 'G'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    45: {  # 'H'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 2,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    53: {  # 'I'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    60: {  # 'J'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    16: {  # 'K'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    49: {  # 'L'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 2,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    20: {  # 'M'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    46: {  # 'N'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    42: {  # 'O'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 2,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 2,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    48: {  # 'P'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 2,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    44: {  # 'R'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    35: {  # 'S'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
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+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 2,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    31: {  # 'T'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    51: {  # 'U'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    38: {  # 'V'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    62: {  # 'W'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    43: {  # 'Y'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    56: {  # 'Z'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 2,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    1: {  # 'a'
+        23: 3,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 2,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    21: {  # 'b'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    28: {  # 'c'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 2,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 2,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 3,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    12: {  # 'd'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    2: {  # 'e'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 2,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    18: {  # 'f'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    27: {  # 'g'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    25: {  # 'h'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    3: {  # 'i'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    24: {  # 'j'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 2,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    10: {  # 'k'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    5: {  # 'l'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
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+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
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+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    13: {  # 'm'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    4: {  # 'n'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
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+        38: 0,  # 'V'
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+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    15: {  # 'o'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 2,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 2,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    26: {  # 'p'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    7: {  # 'r'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    8: {  # 's'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    9: {  # 't'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 2,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    14: {  # 'u'
+        23: 3,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 2,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
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+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
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+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    32: {  # 'v'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
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+        1: 3,  # 'a'
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+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
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+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
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+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    57: {  # 'w'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
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+        1: 1,  # 'a'
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+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
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+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
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+        14: 1,  # 'u'
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+        57: 2,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    58: {  # 'x'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
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+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
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+        1: 0,  # 'a'
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+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
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+        27: 0,  # 'g'
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+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
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+        4: 2,  # 'n'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
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+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
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+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    11: {  # 'y'
+        23: 1,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
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+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
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+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
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+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 3,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    22: {  # 'z'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 2,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 2,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 1,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 3,  # 'T'
+        51: 2,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    63: {  # '·'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    54: {  # 'Ç'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 2,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    50: {  # 'Ö'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 2,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 1,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    55: {  # 'Ü'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 1,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 1,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 0,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    59: {  # 'â'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 2,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    33: {  # 'ç'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 3,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 3,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 2,  # 'f'
+        27: 1,  # 'g'
+        25: 3,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 0,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 2,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    61: {  # 'î'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 2,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 0,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 1,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 1,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    34: {  # 'ö'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 1,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 1,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 1,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 2,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 0,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 1,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 1,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    17: {  # 'ü'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 0,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 1,  # 'J'
+        16: 1,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 0,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 0,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 1,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 1,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 1,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 2,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 2,  # 'p'
+        7: 2,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 1,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 2,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    30: {  # 'ğ'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 2,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 1,  # 'M'
+        46: 2,  # 'N'
+        42: 2,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 2,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 0,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 2,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 0,  # 'h'
+        3: 0,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 1,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 2,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 2,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 2,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    41: {  # 'İ'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 2,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 1,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 1,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 2,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 1,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 0,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 1,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 1,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    6: {  # 'ı'
+        23: 2,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 0,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 2,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 3,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 0,  # 'O'
+        48: 0,  # 'P'
+        44: 0,  # 'R'
+        35: 0,  # 'S'
+        31: 2,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 0,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 1,  # 'c'
+        12: 3,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 3,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 3,  # 'j'
+        10: 3,  # 'k'
+        5: 3,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 3,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 3,  # 's'
+        9: 3,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 1,  # 'w'
+        58: 1,  # 'x'
+        11: 3,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 1,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 2,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 0,  # 'ö'
+        17: 3,  # 'ü'
+        30: 0,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 3,  # 'ı'
+        40: 0,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 0,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    40: {  # 'Ş'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 1,  # 'D'
+        29: 1,  # 'E'
+        52: 0,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 2,  # 'H'
+        53: 1,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 0,  # 'K'
+        49: 0,  # 'L'
+        20: 2,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 2,  # 'P'
+        44: 2,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 1,  # 'T'
+        51: 0,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 2,  # 'Y'
+        56: 1,  # 'Z'
+        1: 0,  # 'a'
+        21: 2,  # 'b'
+        28: 0,  # 'c'
+        12: 2,  # 'd'
+        2: 0,  # 'e'
+        18: 3,  # 'f'
+        27: 0,  # 'g'
+        25: 2,  # 'h'
+        3: 3,  # 'i'
+        24: 2,  # 'j'
+        10: 1,  # 'k'
+        5: 0,  # 'l'
+        13: 1,  # 'm'
+        4: 3,  # 'n'
+        15: 2,  # 'o'
+        26: 0,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 2,  # 's'
+        9: 2,  # 't'
+        14: 1,  # 'u'
+        32: 3,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 2,  # 'y'
+        22: 0,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 0,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 0,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 1,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 0,  # 'ç'
+        61: 0,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 1,  # 'ü'
+        30: 2,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 0,  # 'İ'
+        6: 2,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 2,  # 'ş'
+    },
+    19: {  # 'ş'
+        23: 0,  # 'A'
+        37: 0,  # 'B'
+        47: 1,  # 'C'
+        39: 0,  # 'D'
+        29: 0,  # 'E'
+        52: 2,  # 'F'
+        36: 1,  # 'G'
+        45: 0,  # 'H'
+        53: 0,  # 'I'
+        60: 0,  # 'J'
+        16: 3,  # 'K'
+        49: 2,  # 'L'
+        20: 0,  # 'M'
+        46: 1,  # 'N'
+        42: 1,  # 'O'
+        48: 1,  # 'P'
+        44: 1,  # 'R'
+        35: 1,  # 'S'
+        31: 0,  # 'T'
+        51: 1,  # 'U'
+        38: 1,  # 'V'
+        62: 0,  # 'W'
+        43: 1,  # 'Y'
+        56: 0,  # 'Z'
+        1: 3,  # 'a'
+        21: 1,  # 'b'
+        28: 2,  # 'c'
+        12: 0,  # 'd'
+        2: 3,  # 'e'
+        18: 0,  # 'f'
+        27: 2,  # 'g'
+        25: 1,  # 'h'
+        3: 1,  # 'i'
+        24: 0,  # 'j'
+        10: 2,  # 'k'
+        5: 2,  # 'l'
+        13: 3,  # 'm'
+        4: 0,  # 'n'
+        15: 0,  # 'o'
+        26: 1,  # 'p'
+        7: 3,  # 'r'
+        8: 0,  # 's'
+        9: 0,  # 't'
+        14: 3,  # 'u'
+        32: 0,  # 'v'
+        57: 0,  # 'w'
+        58: 0,  # 'x'
+        11: 0,  # 'y'
+        22: 2,  # 'z'
+        63: 0,  # '·'
+        54: 1,  # 'Ç'
+        50: 2,  # 'Ö'
+        55: 0,  # 'Ü'
+        59: 0,  # 'â'
+        33: 1,  # 'ç'
+        61: 1,  # 'î'
+        34: 2,  # 'ö'
+        17: 0,  # 'ü'
+        30: 1,  # 'ğ'
+        41: 1,  # 'İ'
+        6: 1,  # 'ı'
+        40: 1,  # 'Ş'
+        19: 1,  # 'ş'
+    },
+}
+
+# 255: Undefined characters that did not exist in training text
+# 254: Carriage/Return
+# 253: symbol (punctuation) that does not belong to word
+# 252: 0 - 9
+# 251: Control characters
+
+# Character Mapping Table(s):
+ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_CHAR_TO_ORDER = {
+    0: 255,  # '\x00'
+    1: 255,  # '\x01'
+    2: 255,  # '\x02'
+    3: 255,  # '\x03'
+    4: 255,  # '\x04'
+    5: 255,  # '\x05'
+    6: 255,  # '\x06'
+    7: 255,  # '\x07'
+    8: 255,  # '\x08'
+    9: 255,  # '\t'
+    10: 255,  # '\n'
+    11: 255,  # '\x0b'
+    12: 255,  # '\x0c'
+    13: 255,  # '\r'
+    14: 255,  # '\x0e'
+    15: 255,  # '\x0f'
+    16: 255,  # '\x10'
+    17: 255,  # '\x11'
+    18: 255,  # '\x12'
+    19: 255,  # '\x13'
+    20: 255,  # '\x14'
+    21: 255,  # '\x15'
+    22: 255,  # '\x16'
+    23: 255,  # '\x17'
+    24: 255,  # '\x18'
+    25: 255,  # '\x19'
+    26: 255,  # '\x1a'
+    27: 255,  # '\x1b'
+    28: 255,  # '\x1c'
+    29: 255,  # '\x1d'
+    30: 255,  # '\x1e'
+    31: 255,  # '\x1f'
+    32: 255,  # ' '
+    33: 255,  # '!'
+    34: 255,  # '"'
+    35: 255,  # '#'
+    36: 255,  # '$'
+    37: 255,  # '%'
+    38: 255,  # '&'
+    39: 255,  # "'"
+    40: 255,  # '('
+    41: 255,  # ')'
+    42: 255,  # '*'
+    43: 255,  # '+'
+    44: 255,  # ','
+    45: 255,  # '-'
+    46: 255,  # '.'
+    47: 255,  # '/'
+    48: 255,  # '0'
+    49: 255,  # '1'
+    50: 255,  # '2'
+    51: 255,  # '3'
+    52: 255,  # '4'
+    53: 255,  # '5'
+    54: 255,  # '6'
+    55: 255,  # '7'
+    56: 255,  # '8'
+    57: 255,  # '9'
+    58: 255,  # ':'
+    59: 255,  # ';'
+    60: 255,  # '<'
+    61: 255,  # '='
+    62: 255,  # '>'
+    63: 255,  # '?'
+    64: 255,  # '@'
+    65: 23,  # 'A'
+    66: 37,  # 'B'
+    67: 47,  # 'C'
+    68: 39,  # 'D'
+    69: 29,  # 'E'
+    70: 52,  # 'F'
+    71: 36,  # 'G'
+    72: 45,  # 'H'
+    73: 53,  # 'I'
+    74: 60,  # 'J'
+    75: 16,  # 'K'
+    76: 49,  # 'L'
+    77: 20,  # 'M'
+    78: 46,  # 'N'
+    79: 42,  # 'O'
+    80: 48,  # 'P'
+    81: 69,  # 'Q'
+    82: 44,  # 'R'
+    83: 35,  # 'S'
+    84: 31,  # 'T'
+    85: 51,  # 'U'
+    86: 38,  # 'V'
+    87: 62,  # 'W'
+    88: 65,  # 'X'
+    89: 43,  # 'Y'
+    90: 56,  # 'Z'
+    91: 255,  # '['
+    92: 255,  # '\\'
+    93: 255,  # ']'
+    94: 255,  # '^'
+    95: 255,  # '_'
+    96: 255,  # '`'
+    97: 1,  # 'a'
+    98: 21,  # 'b'
+    99: 28,  # 'c'
+    100: 12,  # 'd'
+    101: 2,  # 'e'
+    102: 18,  # 'f'
+    103: 27,  # 'g'
+    104: 25,  # 'h'
+    105: 3,  # 'i'
+    106: 24,  # 'j'
+    107: 10,  # 'k'
+    108: 5,  # 'l'
+    109: 13,  # 'm'
+    110: 4,  # 'n'
+    111: 15,  # 'o'
+    112: 26,  # 'p'
+    113: 64,  # 'q'
+    114: 7,  # 'r'
+    115: 8,  # 's'
+    116: 9,  # 't'
+    117: 14,  # 'u'
+    118: 32,  # 'v'
+    119: 57,  # 'w'
+    120: 58,  # 'x'
+    121: 11,  # 'y'
+    122: 22,  # 'z'
+    123: 255,  # '{'
+    124: 255,  # '|'
+    125: 255,  # '}'
+    126: 255,  # '~'
+    127: 255,  # '\x7f'
+    128: 180,  # '\x80'
+    129: 179,  # '\x81'
+    130: 178,  # '\x82'
+    131: 177,  # '\x83'
+    132: 176,  # '\x84'
+    133: 175,  # '\x85'
+    134: 174,  # '\x86'
+    135: 173,  # '\x87'
+    136: 172,  # '\x88'
+    137: 171,  # '\x89'
+    138: 170,  # '\x8a'
+    139: 169,  # '\x8b'
+    140: 168,  # '\x8c'
+    141: 167,  # '\x8d'
+    142: 166,  # '\x8e'
+    143: 165,  # '\x8f'
+    144: 164,  # '\x90'
+    145: 163,  # '\x91'
+    146: 162,  # '\x92'
+    147: 161,  # '\x93'
+    148: 160,  # '\x94'
+    149: 159,  # '\x95'
+    150: 101,  # '\x96'
+    151: 158,  # '\x97'
+    152: 157,  # '\x98'
+    153: 156,  # '\x99'
+    154: 155,  # '\x9a'
+    155: 154,  # '\x9b'
+    156: 153,  # '\x9c'
+    157: 152,  # '\x9d'
+    158: 151,  # '\x9e'
+    159: 106,  # '\x9f'
+    160: 150,  # '\xa0'
+    161: 149,  # '¡'
+    162: 148,  # '¢'
+    163: 147,  # '£'
+    164: 146,  # '¤'
+    165: 145,  # '¥'
+    166: 144,  # '¦'
+    167: 100,  # '§'
+    168: 143,  # '¨'
+    169: 142,  # '©'
+    170: 141,  # 'ª'
+    171: 140,  # '«'
+    172: 139,  # '¬'
+    173: 138,  # '\xad'
+    174: 137,  # '®'
+    175: 136,  # '¯'
+    176: 94,  # '°'
+    177: 80,  # '±'
+    178: 93,  # '²'
+    179: 135,  # '³'
+    180: 105,  # '´'
+    181: 134,  # 'µ'
+    182: 133,  # '¶'
+    183: 63,  # '·'
+    184: 132,  # '¸'
+    185: 131,  # '¹'
+    186: 130,  # 'º'
+    187: 129,  # '»'
+    188: 128,  # '¼'
+    189: 127,  # '½'
+    190: 126,  # '¾'
+    191: 125,  # '¿'
+    192: 124,  # 'À'
+    193: 104,  # 'Á'
+    194: 73,  # 'Â'
+    195: 99,  # 'Ã'
+    196: 79,  # 'Ä'
+    197: 85,  # 'Å'
+    198: 123,  # 'Æ'
+    199: 54,  # 'Ç'
+    200: 122,  # 'È'
+    201: 98,  # 'É'
+    202: 92,  # 'Ê'
+    203: 121,  # 'Ë'
+    204: 120,  # 'Ì'
+    205: 91,  # 'Í'
+    206: 103,  # 'Î'
+    207: 119,  # 'Ï'
+    208: 68,  # 'Ğ'
+    209: 118,  # 'Ñ'
+    210: 117,  # 'Ò'
+    211: 97,  # 'Ó'
+    212: 116,  # 'Ô'
+    213: 115,  # 'Õ'
+    214: 50,  # 'Ö'
+    215: 90,  # '×'
+    216: 114,  # 'Ø'
+    217: 113,  # 'Ù'
+    218: 112,  # 'Ú'
+    219: 111,  # 'Û'
+    220: 55,  # 'Ü'
+    221: 41,  # 'İ'
+    222: 40,  # 'Ş'
+    223: 86,  # 'ß'
+    224: 89,  # 'à'
+    225: 70,  # 'á'
+    226: 59,  # 'â'
+    227: 78,  # 'ã'
+    228: 71,  # 'ä'
+    229: 82,  # 'å'
+    230: 88,  # 'æ'
+    231: 33,  # 'ç'
+    232: 77,  # 'è'
+    233: 66,  # 'é'
+    234: 84,  # 'ê'
+    235: 83,  # 'ë'
+    236: 110,  # 'ì'
+    237: 75,  # 'í'
+    238: 61,  # 'î'
+    239: 96,  # 'ï'
+    240: 30,  # 'ğ'
+    241: 67,  # 'ñ'
+    242: 109,  # 'ò'
+    243: 74,  # 'ó'
+    244: 87,  # 'ô'
+    245: 102,  # 'õ'
+    246: 34,  # 'ö'
+    247: 95,  # '÷'
+    248: 81,  # 'ø'
+    249: 108,  # 'ù'
+    250: 76,  # 'ú'
+    251: 72,  # 'û'
+    252: 17,  # 'ü'
+    253: 6,  # 'ı'
+    254: 19,  # 'ş'
+    255: 107,  # 'ÿ'
+}
+
+ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_MODEL = SingleByteCharSetModel(
+    charset_name="ISO-8859-9",
+    language="Turkish",
+    char_to_order_map=ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_CHAR_TO_ORDER,
+    language_model=TURKISH_LANG_MODEL,
+    typical_positive_ratio=0.97029,
+    keep_ascii_letters=True,
+    alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVYZabcdefghijklmnoprstuvyzÂÇÎÖÛÜâçîöûüĞğİıŞş",
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/latin1prober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/latin1prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59a01d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/latin1prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+
+FREQ_CAT_NUM = 4
+
+UDF = 0  # undefined
+OTH = 1  # other
+ASC = 2  # ascii capital letter
+ASS = 3  # ascii small letter
+ACV = 4  # accent capital vowel
+ACO = 5  # accent capital other
+ASV = 6  # accent small vowel
+ASO = 7  # accent small other
+CLASS_NUM = 8  # total classes
+
+# fmt: off
+Latin1_CharToClass = (
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 00 - 07
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 08 - 0F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 10 - 17
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 18 - 1F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 20 - 27
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 28 - 2F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 30 - 37
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 38 - 3F
+    OTH, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,   # 40 - 47
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,   # 48 - 4F
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,   # 50 - 57
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 58 - 5F
+    OTH, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,   # 60 - 67
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,   # 68 - 6F
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,   # 70 - 77
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 78 - 7F
+    OTH, UDF, OTH, ASO, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 80 - 87
+    OTH, OTH, ACO, OTH, ACO, UDF, ACO, UDF,   # 88 - 8F
+    UDF, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # 90 - 97
+    OTH, OTH, ASO, OTH, ASO, UDF, ASO, ACO,   # 98 - 9F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # A0 - A7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # A8 - AF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # B0 - B7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,   # B8 - BF
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACO, ACO,   # C0 - C7
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV,   # C8 - CF
+    ACO, ACO, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, OTH,   # D0 - D7
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACO, ACO, ACO,   # D8 - DF
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASO,   # E0 - E7
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV,   # E8 - EF
+    ASO, ASO, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, OTH,   # F0 - F7
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASO, ASO,   # F8 - FF
+)
+
+# 0 : illegal
+# 1 : very unlikely
+# 2 : normal
+# 3 : very likely
+Latin1ClassModel = (
+# UDF OTH ASC ASS ACV ACO ASV ASO
+    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  # UDF
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  # OTH
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  # ASC
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  # ASS
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  2,  1,  2,  # ACV
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  # ACO
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  1,  3,  # ASV
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  # ASO
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+
+class Latin1Prober(CharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter: List[int] = []
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter = [0] * FREQ_CAT_NUM
+        super().reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "ISO-8859-1"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        byte_str = self.remove_xml_tags(byte_str)
+        for c in byte_str:
+            char_class = Latin1_CharToClass[c]
+            freq = Latin1ClassModel[(self._last_char_class * CLASS_NUM) + char_class]
+            if freq == 0:
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            self._freq_counter[freq] += 1
+            self._last_char_class = char_class
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        if self.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            return 0.01
+
+        total = sum(self._freq_counter)
+        confidence = (
+            0.0
+            if total < 0.01
+            else (self._freq_counter[3] - self._freq_counter[1] * 20.0) / total
+        )
+        confidence = max(confidence, 0.0)
+        # lower the confidence of latin1 so that other more accurate
+        # detector can take priority.
+        confidence *= 0.73
+        return confidence
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/macromanprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/macromanprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1425d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/macromanprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# This code was modified from latin1prober.py by Rob Speer <rob@lumino.so>.
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Rob Speer - adapt to MacRoman encoding
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+
+FREQ_CAT_NUM = 4
+
+UDF = 0  # undefined
+OTH = 1  # other
+ASC = 2  # ascii capital letter
+ASS = 3  # ascii small letter
+ACV = 4  # accent capital vowel
+ACO = 5  # accent capital other
+ASV = 6  # accent small vowel
+ASO = 7  # accent small other
+ODD = 8  # character that is unlikely to appear
+CLASS_NUM = 9  # total classes
+
+# The change from Latin1 is that we explicitly look for extended characters
+# that are infrequently-occurring symbols, and consider them to always be
+# improbable. This should let MacRoman get out of the way of more likely
+# encodings in most situations.
+
+# fmt: off
+MacRoman_CharToClass = (
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 00 - 07
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 08 - 0F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 10 - 17
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 18 - 1F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 20 - 27
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 28 - 2F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 30 - 37
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 38 - 3F
+    OTH, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,  # 40 - 47
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,  # 48 - 4F
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC, ASC,  # 50 - 57
+    ASC, ASC, ASC, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 58 - 5F
+    OTH, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,  # 60 - 67
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,  # 68 - 6F
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS, ASS,  # 70 - 77
+    ASS, ASS, ASS, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # 78 - 7F
+    ACV, ACV, ACO, ACV, ACO, ACV, ACV, ASV,  # 80 - 87
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASV, ASV,  # 88 - 8F
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASO, ASV,  # 90 - 97
+    ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV, ASV,  # 98 - 9F
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ASO,  # A0 - A7
+    OTH, OTH, ODD, ODD, OTH, OTH, ACV, ACV,  # A8 - AF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # B0 - B7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ASV, ASV,  # B8 - BF
+    OTH, OTH, ODD, OTH, ODD, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # C0 - C7
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ASV,  # C8 - CF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ODD,  # D0 - D7
+    ASV, ACV, ODD, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH,  # D8 - DF
+    OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, OTH, ACV, ACV, ACV,  # E0 - E7
+    ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV,  # E8 - EF
+    ODD, ACV, ACV, ACV, ACV, ASV, ODD, ODD,  # F0 - F7
+    ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD, ODD,  # F8 - FF
+)
+
+# 0 : illegal
+# 1 : very unlikely
+# 2 : normal
+# 3 : very likely
+MacRomanClassModel = (
+# UDF OTH ASC ASS ACV ACO ASV ASO ODD
+    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  # UDF
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  1,  # OTH
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  1,  # ASC
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  1,  # ASS
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  1,  2,  1,  2,  1,  # ACV
+    0,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  1,  # ACO
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  1,  3,  1,  # ASV
+    0,  3,  1,  3,  1,  1,  3,  3,  1,  # ASO
+    0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  # ODD
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+
+class MacRomanProber(CharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter: List[int] = []
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._last_char_class = OTH
+        self._freq_counter = [0] * FREQ_CAT_NUM
+
+        # express the prior that MacRoman is a somewhat rare encoding;
+        # this can be done by starting out in a slightly improbable state
+        # that must be overcome
+        self._freq_counter[2] = 10
+
+        super().reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "MacRoman"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        byte_str = self.remove_xml_tags(byte_str)
+        for c in byte_str:
+            char_class = MacRoman_CharToClass[c]
+            freq = MacRomanClassModel[(self._last_char_class * CLASS_NUM) + char_class]
+            if freq == 0:
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            self._freq_counter[freq] += 1
+            self._last_char_class = char_class
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        if self.state == ProbingState.NOT_ME:
+            return 0.01
+
+        total = sum(self._freq_counter)
+        confidence = (
+            0.0
+            if total < 0.01
+            else (self._freq_counter[3] - self._freq_counter[1] * 20.0) / total
+        )
+        confidence = max(confidence, 0.0)
+        # lower the confidence of MacRoman so that other more accurate
+        # detector can take priority.
+        confidence *= 0.73
+        return confidence
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcharsetprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcharsetprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..666307e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcharsetprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#   Proofpoint, Inc.
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .chardistribution import CharDistributionAnalysis
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import LanguageFilter, MachineState, ProbingState
+
+
+class MultiByteCharSetProber(CharSetProber):
+    """
+    MultiByteCharSetProber
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self.distribution_analyzer: Optional[CharDistributionAnalysis] = None
+        self.coding_sm: Optional[CodingStateMachine] = None
+        self._last_char = bytearray(b"\0\0")
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        if self.coding_sm:
+            self.coding_sm.reset()
+        if self.distribution_analyzer:
+            self.distribution_analyzer.reset()
+        self._last_char = bytearray(b"\0\0")
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self.coding_sm is not None
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        for i, byte in enumerate(byte_str):
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(byte)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "%s %s prober hit error at byte %s",
+                    self.charset_name,
+                    self.language,
+                    i,
+                )
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                char_len = self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen()
+                if i == 0:
+                    self._last_char[1] = byte
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                else:
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+
+        self._last_char[0] = byte_str[-1]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.distribution_analyzer.got_enough_data() and (
+                self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD
+            ):
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+        return self.distribution_analyzer.get_confidence()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcsgroupprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcsgroupprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cb9cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcsgroupprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#   Proofpoint, Inc.
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .big5prober import Big5Prober
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .cp949prober import CP949Prober
+from .enums import LanguageFilter
+from .eucjpprober import EUCJPProber
+from .euckrprober import EUCKRProber
+from .euctwprober import EUCTWProber
+from .gb2312prober import GB2312Prober
+from .johabprober import JOHABProber
+from .sjisprober import SJISProber
+from .utf8prober import UTF8Prober
+
+
+class MBCSGroupProber(CharSetGroupProber):
+    def __init__(self, lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.NONE) -> None:
+        super().__init__(lang_filter=lang_filter)
+        self.probers = [
+            UTF8Prober(),
+            SJISProber(),
+            EUCJPProber(),
+            GB2312Prober(),
+            EUCKRProber(),
+            CP949Prober(),
+            Big5Prober(),
+            EUCTWProber(),
+            JOHABProber(),
+        ]
+        self.reset()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcssm.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcssm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bbe97e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/mbcssm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .codingstatemachinedict import CodingStateMachineDict
+from .enums import MachineState
+
+# BIG5
+
+# fmt: off
+BIG5_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07    #allow 0x00 as legal value
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 80 - 87
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 88 - 8f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 90 - 97
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 98 - 9f
+    4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # a0 - a7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # a8 - af
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # b0 - b7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # b8 - bf
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c0 - c7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c8 - cf
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d0 - d7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d8 - df
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e0 - e7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e8 - ef
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # f0 - f7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+BIG5_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START#10-17
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+BIG5_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 2, 0)
+
+BIG5_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": BIG5_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 5,
+    "state_table": BIG5_ST,
+    "char_len_table": BIG5_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "Big5",
+}
+
+# CP949
+# fmt: off
+CP949_CLS  = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 00 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 3f
+    1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 40 - 4f
+    4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 50 - 5f
+    1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 60 - 6f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 70 - 7f
+    0, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 80 - 8f
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 90 - 9f
+    6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8,  # a0 - af
+    7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,  # b0 - bf
+    7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0,  # f0 - ff
+)
+
+CP949_ST = (
+#cls=    0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9  # previous state =
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     4,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     6, # MachineState.START
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR, # MachineState.ERROR
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME, # MachineState.ITS_ME
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 3
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 4
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 5
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START, # 6
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+CP949_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2)
+
+CP949_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": CP949_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 10,
+    "state_table": CP949_ST,
+    "char_len_table": CP949_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "CP949",
+}
+
+# EUC-JP
+# fmt: off
+EUCJP_CLS = (
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 00 - 07
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5,  # 08 - 0f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 10 - 17
+    4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 18 - 1f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 20 - 27
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 28 - 2f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 30 - 37
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 38 - 3f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 40 - 47
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 48 - 4f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 50 - 57
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 58 - 5f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 60 - 67
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 68 - 6f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 70 - 77
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 78 - 7f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 80 - 87
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 3,  # 88 - 8f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 90 - 97
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # 98 - 9f
+    5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e0 - e7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e8 - ef
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # f0 - f7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+EUCJP_ST = (
+          3,     4,     3,     5,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+     MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     3,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+          3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START#20-27
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+EUCJP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 0)
+
+EUCJP_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": EUCJP_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": EUCJP_ST,
+    "char_len_table": EUCJP_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "EUC-JP",
+}
+
+# EUC-KR
+# fmt: off
+EUCKR_CLS  = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 40 - 47
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 48 - 4f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 50 - 57
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 58 - 5f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 60 - 67
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 68 - 6f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 70 - 77
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e0 - e7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # e8 - ef
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # f0 - f7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+EUCKR_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #08-0f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+EUCKR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 2, 0)
+
+EUCKR_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": EUCKR_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 4,
+    "state_table": EUCKR_ST,
+    "char_len_table": EUCKR_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "EUC-KR",
+}
+
+# JOHAB
+# fmt: off
+JOHAB_CLS = (
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 00 - 07
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,  # 08 - 0f
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 10 - 17
+    4,4,4,0,4,4,4,4,  # 18 - 1f
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 20 - 27
+    4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,  # 28 - 2f
+    4,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,  # 30 - 37
+    3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,  # 38 - 3f
+    3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 40 - 47
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 48 - 4f
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 50 - 57
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 58 - 5f
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 60 - 67
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 68 - 6f
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,  # 70 - 77
+    1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,  # 78 - 7f
+    6,6,6,6,8,8,8,8,  # 80 - 87
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,  # 88 - 8f
+    8,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # 90 - 97
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # 98 - 9f
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # a0 - a7
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # a8 - af
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # b0 - b7
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # b8 - bf
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # c0 - c7
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,  # c8 - cf
+    7,7,7,7,5,5,5,5,  # d0 - d7
+    5,9,9,9,9,9,9,5,  # d8 - df
+    9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,  # e0 - e7
+    9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,  # e8 - ef
+    9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,  # f0 - f7
+    9,9,5,5,5,5,5,0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+JOHAB_ST = (
+# cls = 0                   1                   2                   3                   4                   5                   6                   7                   8                   9
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,3                  ,3                  ,4                  ,  # MachineState.START
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,  # MachineState.ITS_ME
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,  # MachineState.ERROR
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.START ,  # 3
+    MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,MachineState.ERROR ,MachineState.START ,  # 4
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+JOHAB_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2)
+
+JOHAB_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": JOHAB_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 10,
+    "state_table": JOHAB_ST,
+    "char_len_table": JOHAB_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "Johab",
+}
+
+# EUC-TW
+# fmt: off
+EUCTW_CLS = (
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 00 - 07
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 10 - 17
+    2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 18 - 1f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 20 - 27
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 28 - 2f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 30 - 37
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # a0 - a7
+    5, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # a8 - af
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b0 - b7
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # b8 - bf
+    1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c0 - c7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # c8 - cf
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d0 - d7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # d8 - df
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e0 - e7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e8 - ef
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # f0 - f7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+EUCTW_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,     3,     3,     3,     4,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+    MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+         5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,#20-27
+    MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #28-2f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+EUCTW_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3)
+
+EUCTW_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": EUCTW_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 7,
+    "state_table": EUCTW_ST,
+    "char_len_table": EUCTW_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "x-euc-tw",
+}
+
+# GB2312
+# fmt: off
+GB2312_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 30 - 37
+    3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4,  # 78 - 7f
+    5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 80 - 87
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 88 - 8f
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 90 - 97
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # 98 - 9f
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # a0 - a7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # a8 - af
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # b0 - b7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # b8 - bf
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c0 - c7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c8 - cf
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d0 - d7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d8 - df
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # e0 - e7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # e8 - ef
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # f0 - f7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+GB2312_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,#10-17
+         4,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,#20-27
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #28-2f
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+# To be accurate, the length of class 6 can be either 2 or 4.
+# But it is not necessary to discriminate between the two since
+# it is used for frequency analysis only, and we are validating
+# each code range there as well. So it is safe to set it to be
+# 2 here.
+GB2312_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2)
+
+GB2312_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": GB2312_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 7,
+    "state_table": GB2312_ST,
+    "char_len_table": GB2312_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "GB2312",
+}
+
+# Shift_JIS
+# fmt: off
+SJIS_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 40 - 47
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 48 - 4f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 50 - 57
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 58 - 5f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 60 - 67
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 68 - 6f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # 70 - 77
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3,  # 80 - 87
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 88 - 8f
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 90 - 97
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 98 - 9f
+    #0xa0 is illegal in sjis encoding, but some pages does
+    #contain such byte. We need to be more error forgiven.
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a0 - a7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # a8 - af
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b0 - b7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # b8 - bf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c0 - c7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # c8 - cf
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d0 - d7
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  # d8 - df
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # e0 - e7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4,  # e8 - ef
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # f0 - f7
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0,  # f8 - ff
+)
+
+SJIS_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #10-17
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+SJIS_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0)
+
+SJIS_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": SJIS_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": SJIS_ST,
+    "char_len_table": SJIS_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "Shift_JIS",
+}
+
+# UCS2-BE
+# fmt: off
+UCS2BE_CLS = (
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a0 - a7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a8 - af
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b0 - b7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b8 - bf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c0 - c7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c8 - cf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d0 - d7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d8 - df
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e0 - e7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e8 - ef
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # f0 - f7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+UCS2BE_ST  = (
+          5,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,     4,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+     MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,     6,     6,     6,     6,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+          6,     6,     6,     6,     6,MachineState.ITS_ME,     6,     6,#18-1f
+          6,     6,     6,     6,     5,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,#20-27
+          5,     8,     6,     6,MachineState.ERROR,     6,     6,     6,#28-2f
+          6,     6,     6,     6,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #30-37
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+UCS2BE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2)
+
+UCS2BE_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": UCS2BE_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": UCS2BE_ST,
+    "char_len_table": UCS2BE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "UTF-16BE",
+}
+
+# UCS2-LE
+# fmt: off
+UCS2LE_CLS = (
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 00 - 07
+    0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 10 - 17
+    0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 18 - 1f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 20 - 27
+    0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0,  # 28 - 2f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 30 - 37
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 38 - 3f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 40 - 47
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 48 - 4f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 50 - 57
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 58 - 5f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 60 - 67
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 68 - 6f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 70 - 77
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 78 - 7f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 80 - 87
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 88 - 8f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 90 - 97
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # 98 - 9f
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a0 - a7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # a8 - af
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b0 - b7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # b8 - bf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c0 - c7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # c8 - cf
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d0 - d7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # d8 - df
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e0 - e7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # e8 - ef
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  # f0 - f7
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5   # f8 - ff
+)
+
+UCS2LE_ST = (
+          6,     6,     7,     6,     4,     3,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#00-07
+     MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#08-0f
+     MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+          5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     6,     6,#18-1f
+          7,     6,     8,     8,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,#20-27
+          5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,     5,#28-2f
+          5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START #30-37
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+UCS2LE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2)
+
+UCS2LE_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": UCS2LE_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 6,
+    "state_table": UCS2LE_ST,
+    "char_len_table": UCS2LE_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "UTF-16LE",
+}
+
+# UTF-8
+# fmt: off
+UTF8_CLS = (
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 00 - 07  #allow 0x00 as a legal value
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,  # 08 - 0f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 10 - 17
+    1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 18 - 1f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 20 - 27
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 28 - 2f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 30 - 37
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 38 - 3f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 40 - 47
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 48 - 4f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 50 - 57
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 58 - 5f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 60 - 67
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 68 - 6f
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 70 - 77
+    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  # 78 - 7f
+    2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3,  # 80 - 87
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 88 - 8f
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 90 - 97
+    4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,  # 98 - 9f
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # a0 - a7
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # a8 - af
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # b0 - b7
+    5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,  # b8 - bf
+    0, 0, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c0 - c7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # c8 - cf
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d0 - d7
+    6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,  # d8 - df
+    7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,  # e0 - e7
+    8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 8, 8,  # e8 - ef
+    10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,  # f0 - f7
+    12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 15, 0, 0    # f8 - ff
+)
+
+UTF8_ST = (
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     12,   10,#00-07
+         9,     11,     8,     7,     6,     5,     4,    3,#08-0f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#10-17
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#18-1f
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#20-27
+    MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,MachineState.ITS_ME,#28-2f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#30-37
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#38-3f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     5,     5,     5,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#40-47
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#48-4f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     7,     7,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#50-57
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#58-5f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     7,     7,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#60-67
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#68-6f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     9,     9,     9,     9,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#70-77
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#78-7f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,     9,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#80-87
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#88-8f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,    12,    12,    12,    12,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#90-97
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#98-9f
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,    12,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#a0-a7
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#a8-af
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,    12,    12,    12,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#b0-b7
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#b8-bf
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.START,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,#c0-c7
+    MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR,MachineState.ERROR #c8-cf
+)
+# fmt: on
+
+UTF8_CHAR_LEN_TABLE = (0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6)
+
+UTF8_SM_MODEL: CodingStateMachineDict = {
+    "class_table": UTF8_CLS,
+    "class_factor": 16,
+    "state_table": UTF8_ST,
+    "char_len_table": UTF8_CHAR_LEN_TABLE,
+    "name": "UTF-8",
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..040da5d
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__pycache__/languages.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/__pycache__/languages.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9345ea
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/languages.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/languages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb40c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/metadata/languages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+"""
+Metadata about languages used by our model training code for our
+SingleByteCharSetProbers.  Could be used for other things in the future.
+
+This code is based on the language metadata from the uchardet project.
+"""
+
+from string import ascii_letters
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+# TODO: Add Ukrainian (KOI8-U)
+
+
+class Language:
+    """Metadata about a language useful for training models
+
+    :ivar name: The human name for the language, in English.
+    :type name: str
+    :ivar iso_code: 2-letter ISO 639-1 if possible, 3-letter ISO code otherwise,
+                    or use another catalog as a last resort.
+    :type iso_code: str
+    :ivar use_ascii: Whether or not ASCII letters should be included in trained
+                     models.
+    :type use_ascii: bool
+    :ivar charsets: The charsets we want to support and create data for.
+    :type charsets: list of str
+    :ivar alphabet: The characters in the language's alphabet. If `use_ascii` is
+                    `True`, you only need to add those not in the ASCII set.
+    :type alphabet: str
+    :ivar wiki_start_pages: The Wikipedia pages to start from if we're crawling
+                            Wikipedia for training data.
+    :type wiki_start_pages: list of str
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        iso_code: Optional[str] = None,
+        use_ascii: bool = True,
+        charsets: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        alphabet: Optional[str] = None,
+        wiki_start_pages: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.name = name
+        self.iso_code = iso_code
+        self.use_ascii = use_ascii
+        self.charsets = charsets
+        if self.use_ascii:
+            if alphabet:
+                alphabet += ascii_letters
+            else:
+                alphabet = ascii_letters
+        elif not alphabet:
+            raise ValueError("Must supply alphabet if use_ascii is False")
+        self.alphabet = "".join(sorted(set(alphabet))) if alphabet else None
+        self.wiki_start_pages = wiki_start_pages
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        param_str = ", ".join(
+            f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith("_")
+        )
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({param_str})"
+
+
+LANGUAGES = {
+    "Arabic": Language(
+        name="Arabic",
+        iso_code="ar",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        # We only support encodings that use isolated
+        # forms, because the current recommendation is
+        # that the rendering system handles presentation
+        # forms. This means we purposefully skip IBM864.
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-6", "WINDOWS-1256", "CP720", "CP864"],
+        alphabet="ءآأؤإئابةتثجحخدذرزسشصضطظعغػؼؽؾؿـفقكلمنهوىيًٌٍَُِّ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["الصفحة_الرئيسية"],
+    ),
+    "Belarusian": Language(
+        name="Belarusian",
+        iso_code="be",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "IBM866", "MacCyrillic"],
+        alphabet="АБВГДЕЁЖЗІЙКЛМНОПРСТУЎФХЦЧШЫЬЭЮЯабвгдеёжзійклмнопрстуўфхцчшыьэюяʼ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Галоўная_старонка"],
+    ),
+    "Bulgarian": Language(
+        name="Bulgarian",
+        iso_code="bg",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "IBM855"],
+        alphabet="АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЬЮЯабвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъьюя",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Начална_страница"],
+    ),
+    "Czech": Language(
+        name="Czech",
+        iso_code="cz",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="áčďéěíňóřšťúůýžÁČĎÉĚÍŇÓŘŠŤÚŮÝŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Hlavní_strana"],
+    ),
+    "Danish": Language(
+        name="Danish",
+        iso_code="da",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="æøåÆØÅ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Forside"],
+    ),
+    "German": Language(
+        name="German",
+        iso_code="de",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="äöüßẞÄÖÜ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Hauptseite"],
+    ),
+    "Greek": Language(
+        name="Greek",
+        iso_code="el",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-7", "WINDOWS-1253"],
+        alphabet="αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρσςτυφχψωάέήίόύώΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΆΈΉΊΌΎΏ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Πύλη:Κύρια"],
+    ),
+    "English": Language(
+        name="English",
+        iso_code="en",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        wiki_start_pages=["Main_Page"],
+    ),
+    "Esperanto": Language(
+        name="Esperanto",
+        iso_code="eo",
+        # Q, W, X, and Y not used at all
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-3"],
+        alphabet="abcĉdefgĝhĥijĵklmnoprsŝtuŭvzABCĈDEFGĜHĤIJĴKLMNOPRSŜTUŬVZ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Vikipedio:Ĉefpaĝo"],
+    ),
+    "Spanish": Language(
+        name="Spanish",
+        iso_code="es",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ñáéíóúüÑÁÉÍÓÚÜ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Portada"],
+    ),
+    "Estonian": Language(
+        name="Estonian",
+        iso_code="et",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-4", "ISO-8859-13", "WINDOWS-1257"],
+        # C, F, Š, Q, W, X, Y, Z, Ž are only for
+        # loanwords
+        alphabet="ABDEGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVÕÄÖÜabdeghijklmnoprstuvõäöü",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Esileht"],
+    ),
+    "Finnish": Language(
+        name="Finnish",
+        iso_code="fi",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ÅÄÖŠŽåäöšž",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Etusivu"],
+    ),
+    "French": Language(
+        name="French",
+        iso_code="fr",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="œàâçèéîïùûêŒÀÂÇÈÉÎÏÙÛÊ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipédia:Accueil_principal", "Bœuf (animal)"],
+    ),
+    "Hebrew": Language(
+        name="Hebrew",
+        iso_code="he",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-8", "WINDOWS-1255"],
+        alphabet="אבגדהוזחטיךכלםמןנסעףפץצקרשתװױײ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["עמוד_ראשי"],
+    ),
+    "Croatian": Language(
+        name="Croatian",
+        iso_code="hr",
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="abcčćdđefghijklmnoprsštuvzžABCČĆDĐEFGHIJKLMNOPRSŠTUVZŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Glavna_stranica"],
+    ),
+    "Hungarian": Language(
+        name="Hungarian",
+        iso_code="hu",
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="abcdefghijklmnoprstuvzáéíóöőúüűABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVZÁÉÍÓÖŐÚÜŰ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Kezdőlap"],
+    ),
+    "Italian": Language(
+        name="Italian",
+        iso_code="it",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ÀÈÉÌÒÓÙàèéìòóù",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Pagina_principale"],
+    ),
+    "Lithuanian": Language(
+        name="Lithuanian",
+        iso_code="lt",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-13", "WINDOWS-1257", "ISO-8859-4"],
+        # Q, W, and X not used at all
+        alphabet="AĄBCČDEĘĖFGHIĮYJKLMNOPRSŠTUŲŪVZŽaąbcčdeęėfghiįyjklmnoprsštuųūvzž",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Pagrindinis_puslapis"],
+    ),
+    "Latvian": Language(
+        name="Latvian",
+        iso_code="lv",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-13", "WINDOWS-1257", "ISO-8859-4"],
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only for loanwords
+        alphabet="AĀBCČDEĒFGĢHIĪJKĶLĻMNŅOPRSŠTUŪVZŽaābcčdeēfgģhiījkķlļmnņoprsštuūvzž",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Sākumlapa"],
+    ),
+    "Macedonian": Language(
+        name="Macedonian",
+        iso_code="mk",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "MacCyrillic", "IBM855"],
+        alphabet="АБВГДЃЕЖЗЅИЈКЛЉМНЊОПРСТЌУФХЦЧЏШабвгдѓежзѕијклљмнњопрстќуфхцчџш",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Главна_страница"],
+    ),
+    "Dutch": Language(
+        name="Dutch",
+        iso_code="nl",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        wiki_start_pages=["Hoofdpagina"],
+    ),
+    "Polish": Language(
+        name="Polish",
+        iso_code="pl",
+        # Q and X are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="AĄBCĆDEĘFGHIJKLŁMNŃOÓPRSŚTUWYZŹŻaąbcćdeęfghijklłmnńoóprsśtuwyzźż",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipedia:Strona_główna"],
+    ),
+    "Portuguese": Language(
+        name="Portuguese",
+        iso_code="pt",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-15", "WINDOWS-1252", "MacRoman"],
+        alphabet="ÁÂÃÀÇÉÊÍÓÔÕÚáâãàçéêíóôõú",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Wikipédia:Página_principal"],
+    ),
+    "Romanian": Language(
+        name="Romanian",
+        iso_code="ro",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="ăâîșțĂÂÎȘȚ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Pagina_principală"],
+    ),
+    "Russian": Language(
+        name="Russian",
+        iso_code="ru",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=[
+            "ISO-8859-5",
+            "WINDOWS-1251",
+            "KOI8-R",
+            "MacCyrillic",
+            "IBM866",
+            "IBM855",
+        ],
+        alphabet="абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяАБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Заглавная_страница"],
+    ),
+    "Slovak": Language(
+        name="Slovak",
+        iso_code="sk",
+        use_ascii=True,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="áäčďéíĺľňóôŕšťúýžÁÄČĎÉÍĹĽŇÓÔŔŠŤÚÝŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Hlavná_stránka"],
+    ),
+    "Slovene": Language(
+        name="Slovene",
+        iso_code="sl",
+        # Q, W, X, Y are only used for foreign words.
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-2", "WINDOWS-1250"],
+        alphabet="abcčdefghijklmnoprsštuvzžABCČDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSŠTUVZŽ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Glavna_stran"],
+    ),
+    # Serbian can be written in both Latin and Cyrillic, but there's no
+    # simple way to get the Latin alphabet pages from Wikipedia through
+    # the API, so for now we just support Cyrillic.
+    "Serbian": Language(
+        name="Serbian",
+        iso_code="sr",
+        alphabet="АБВГДЂЕЖЗИЈКЛЉМНЊОПРСТЋУФХЦЧЏШабвгдђежзијклљмнњопрстћуфхцчџш",
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-5", "WINDOWS-1251", "MacCyrillic", "IBM855"],
+        wiki_start_pages=["Главна_страна"],
+    ),
+    "Thai": Language(
+        name="Thai",
+        iso_code="th",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-11", "TIS-620", "CP874"],
+        alphabet="กขฃคฅฆงจฉชซฌญฎฏฐฑฒณดตถทธนบปผฝพฟภมยรฤลฦวศษสหฬอฮฯะัาำิีึืฺุู฿เแโใไๅๆ็่้๊๋์ํ๎๏๐๑๒๓๔๕๖๗๘๙๚๛",
+        wiki_start_pages=["หน้าหลัก"],
+    ),
+    "Turkish": Language(
+        name="Turkish",
+        iso_code="tr",
+        # Q, W, and X are not used by Turkish
+        use_ascii=False,
+        charsets=["ISO-8859-3", "ISO-8859-9", "WINDOWS-1254"],
+        alphabet="abcçdefgğhıijklmnoöprsştuüvyzâîûABCÇDEFGĞHIİJKLMNOÖPRSŞTUÜVYZÂÎÛ",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Ana_Sayfa"],
+    ),
+    "Vietnamese": Language(
+        name="Vietnamese",
+        iso_code="vi",
+        use_ascii=False,
+        # Windows-1258 is the only common 8-bit
+        # Vietnamese encoding supported by Python.
+        # From Wikipedia:
+        # For systems that lack support for Unicode,
+        # dozens of 8-bit Vietnamese code pages are
+        # available.[1] The most common are VISCII
+        # (TCVN 5712:1993), VPS, and Windows-1258.[3]
+        # Where ASCII is required, such as when
+        # ensuring readability in plain text e-mail,
+        # Vietnamese letters are often encoded
+        # according to Vietnamese Quoted-Readable
+        # (VIQR) or VSCII Mnemonic (VSCII-MNEM),[4]
+        # though usage of either variable-width
+        # scheme has declined dramatically following
+        # the adoption of Unicode on the World Wide
+        # Web.
+        charsets=["WINDOWS-1258"],
+        alphabet="aăâbcdđeêghiklmnoôơpqrstuưvxyAĂÂBCDĐEÊGHIKLMNOÔƠPQRSTUƯVXY",
+        wiki_start_pages=["Chữ_Quốc_ngữ"],
+    ),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/resultdict.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/resultdict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d36e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/resultdict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TypedDict was introduced in Python 3.8.
+    #
+    # TODO: Remove the else block and TYPE_CHECKING check when dropping support
+    # for Python 3.7.
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+    class ResultDict(TypedDict):
+        encoding: Optional[str]
+        confidence: float
+        language: Optional[str]
+
+else:
+    ResultDict = dict
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcharsetprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcharsetprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ffbcdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcharsetprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import CharacterCategory, ProbingState, SequenceLikelihood
+
+
+class SingleByteCharSetModel(NamedTuple):
+    charset_name: str
+    language: str
+    char_to_order_map: Dict[int, int]
+    language_model: Dict[int, Dict[int, int]]
+    typical_positive_ratio: float
+    keep_ascii_letters: bool
+    alphabet: str
+
+
+class SingleByteCharSetProber(CharSetProber):
+    SAMPLE_SIZE = 64
+    SB_ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD = 1024  # 0.25 * SAMPLE_SIZE^2
+    POSITIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD = 0.95
+    NEGATIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD = 0.05
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model: SingleByteCharSetModel,
+        is_reversed: bool = False,
+        name_prober: Optional[CharSetProber] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._model = model
+        # TRUE if we need to reverse every pair in the model lookup
+        self._reversed = is_reversed
+        # Optional auxiliary prober for name decision
+        self._name_prober = name_prober
+        self._last_order = 255
+        self._seq_counters: List[int] = []
+        self._total_seqs = 0
+        self._total_char = 0
+        self._control_char = 0
+        self._freq_char = 0
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        # char order of last character
+        self._last_order = 255
+        self._seq_counters = [0] * SequenceLikelihood.get_num_categories()
+        self._total_seqs = 0
+        self._total_char = 0
+        self._control_char = 0
+        # characters that fall in our sampling range
+        self._freq_char = 0
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._name_prober:
+            return self._name_prober.charset_name
+        return self._model.charset_name
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._name_prober:
+            return self._name_prober.language
+        return self._model.language
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        # TODO: Make filter_international_words keep things in self.alphabet
+        if not self._model.keep_ascii_letters:
+            byte_str = self.filter_international_words(byte_str)
+        else:
+            byte_str = self.remove_xml_tags(byte_str)
+        if not byte_str:
+            return self.state
+        char_to_order_map = self._model.char_to_order_map
+        language_model = self._model.language_model
+        for char in byte_str:
+            order = char_to_order_map.get(char, CharacterCategory.UNDEFINED)
+            # XXX: This was SYMBOL_CAT_ORDER before, with a value of 250, but
+            #      CharacterCategory.SYMBOL is actually 253, so we use CONTROL
+            #      to make it closer to the original intent. The only difference
+            #      is whether or not we count digits and control characters for
+            #      _total_char purposes.
+            if order < CharacterCategory.CONTROL:
+                self._total_char += 1
+            if order < self.SAMPLE_SIZE:
+                self._freq_char += 1
+                if self._last_order < self.SAMPLE_SIZE:
+                    self._total_seqs += 1
+                    if not self._reversed:
+                        lm_cat = language_model[self._last_order][order]
+                    else:
+                        lm_cat = language_model[order][self._last_order]
+                    self._seq_counters[lm_cat] += 1
+            self._last_order = order
+
+        charset_name = self._model.charset_name
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self._total_seqs > self.SB_ENOUGH_REL_THRESHOLD:
+                confidence = self.get_confidence()
+                if confidence > self.POSITIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD:
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        "%s confidence = %s, we have a winner", charset_name, confidence
+                    )
+                    self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                elif confidence < self.NEGATIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD:
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        "%s confidence = %s, below negative shortcut threshold %s",
+                        charset_name,
+                        confidence,
+                        self.NEGATIVE_SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD,
+                    )
+                    self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        r = 0.01
+        if self._total_seqs > 0:
+            r = (
+                (
+                    self._seq_counters[SequenceLikelihood.POSITIVE]
+                    + 0.25 * self._seq_counters[SequenceLikelihood.LIKELY]
+                )
+                / self._total_seqs
+                / self._model.typical_positive_ratio
+            )
+            # The more control characters (proportionnaly to the size
+            # of the text), the less confident we become in the current
+            # charset.
+            r = r * (self._total_char - self._control_char) / self._total_char
+            r = r * self._freq_char / self._total_char
+            if r >= 1.0:
+                r = 0.99
+        return r
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcsgroupprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcsgroupprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..890ae84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sbcsgroupprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .hebrewprober import HebrewProber
+from .langbulgarianmodel import ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_MODEL, WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_MODEL
+from .langgreekmodel import ISO_8859_7_GREEK_MODEL, WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_MODEL
+from .langhebrewmodel import WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL
+
+# from .langhungarianmodel import (ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_MODEL,
+#                                  WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_MODEL)
+from .langrussianmodel import (
+    IBM855_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    IBM866_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+    WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_MODEL,
+)
+from .langthaimodel import TIS_620_THAI_MODEL
+from .langturkishmodel import ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_MODEL
+from .sbcharsetprober import SingleByteCharSetProber
+
+
+class SBCSGroupProber(CharSetGroupProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        hebrew_prober = HebrewProber()
+        logical_hebrew_prober = SingleByteCharSetProber(
+            WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL, is_reversed=False, name_prober=hebrew_prober
+        )
+        # TODO: See if using ISO-8859-8 Hebrew model works better here, since
+        #       it's actually the visual one
+        visual_hebrew_prober = SingleByteCharSetProber(
+            WINDOWS_1255_HEBREW_MODEL, is_reversed=True, name_prober=hebrew_prober
+        )
+        hebrew_prober.set_model_probers(logical_hebrew_prober, visual_hebrew_prober)
+        # TODO: ORDER MATTERS HERE. I changed the order vs what was in master
+        #       and several tests failed that did not before. Some thought
+        #       should be put into the ordering, and we should consider making
+        #       order not matter here, because that is very counter-intuitive.
+        self.probers = [
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1251_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(KOI8_R_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_5_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(MACCYRILLIC_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(IBM866_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(IBM855_RUSSIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_7_GREEK_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1253_GREEK_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_5_BULGARIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1251_BULGARIAN_MODEL),
+            # TODO: Restore Hungarian encodings (iso-8859-2 and windows-1250)
+            #       after we retrain model.
+            # SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_2_HUNGARIAN_MODEL),
+            # SingleByteCharSetProber(WINDOWS_1250_HUNGARIAN_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(TIS_620_THAI_MODEL),
+            SingleByteCharSetProber(ISO_8859_9_TURKISH_MODEL),
+            hebrew_prober,
+            logical_hebrew_prober,
+            visual_hebrew_prober,
+        ]
+        self.reset()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sjisprober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sjisprober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91df077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/sjisprober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Union
+
+from .chardistribution import SJISDistributionAnalysis
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import MachineState, ProbingState
+from .jpcntx import SJISContextAnalysis
+from .mbcharsetprober import MultiByteCharSetProber
+from .mbcssm import SJIS_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class SJISProber(MultiByteCharSetProber):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(SJIS_SM_MODEL)
+        self.distribution_analyzer = SJISDistributionAnalysis()
+        self.context_analyzer = SJISContextAnalysis()
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.context_analyzer.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.context_analyzer.charset_name
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return "Japanese"
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        assert self.coding_sm is not None
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        for i, byte in enumerate(byte_str):
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(byte)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    "%s %s prober hit error at byte %s",
+                    self.charset_name,
+                    self.language,
+                    i,
+                )
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                char_len = self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen()
+                if i == 0:
+                    self._last_char[1] = byte
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(
+                        self._last_char[2 - char_len :], char_len
+                    )
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(self._last_char, char_len)
+                else:
+                    self.context_analyzer.feed(
+                        byte_str[i + 1 - char_len : i + 3 - char_len], char_len
+                    )
+                    self.distribution_analyzer.feed(byte_str[i - 1 : i + 1], char_len)
+
+        self._last_char[0] = byte_str[-1]
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.context_analyzer.got_enough_data() and (
+                self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD
+            ):
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        assert self.distribution_analyzer is not None
+
+        context_conf = self.context_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        distrib_conf = self.distribution_analyzer.get_confidence()
+        return max(context_conf, distrib_conf)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/universaldetector.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/universaldetector.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c441d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/universaldetector.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is Mozilla Universal charset detector code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2001
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#   Shy Shalom - original C code
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+"""
+Module containing the UniversalDetector detector class, which is the primary
+class a user of ``chardet`` should use.
+
+:author: Mark Pilgrim (initial port to Python)
+:author: Shy Shalom (original C code)
+:author: Dan Blanchard (major refactoring for 3.0)
+:author: Ian Cordasco
+"""
+
+
+import codecs
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+from .charsetgroupprober import CharSetGroupProber
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import InputState, LanguageFilter, ProbingState
+from .escprober import EscCharSetProber
+from .latin1prober import Latin1Prober
+from .macromanprober import MacRomanProber
+from .mbcsgroupprober import MBCSGroupProber
+from .resultdict import ResultDict
+from .sbcsgroupprober import SBCSGroupProber
+from .utf1632prober import UTF1632Prober
+
+
+class UniversalDetector:
+    """
+    The ``UniversalDetector`` class underlies the ``chardet.detect`` function
+    and coordinates all of the different charset probers.
+
+    To get a ``dict`` containing an encoding and its confidence, you can simply
+    run:
+
+    .. code::
+
+            u = UniversalDetector()
+            u.feed(some_bytes)
+            u.close()
+            detected = u.result
+
+    """
+
+    MINIMUM_THRESHOLD = 0.20
+    HIGH_BYTE_DETECTOR = re.compile(b"[\x80-\xFF]")
+    ESC_DETECTOR = re.compile(b"(\033|~{)")
+    WIN_BYTE_DETECTOR = re.compile(b"[\x80-\x9F]")
+    ISO_WIN_MAP = {
+        "iso-8859-1": "Windows-1252",
+        "iso-8859-2": "Windows-1250",
+        "iso-8859-5": "Windows-1251",
+        "iso-8859-6": "Windows-1256",
+        "iso-8859-7": "Windows-1253",
+        "iso-8859-8": "Windows-1255",
+        "iso-8859-9": "Windows-1254",
+        "iso-8859-13": "Windows-1257",
+    }
+    # Based on https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels
+    # but altered to match Python names for encodings and remove mappings
+    # that break tests.
+    LEGACY_MAP = {
+        "ascii": "Windows-1252",
+        "iso-8859-1": "Windows-1252",
+        "tis-620": "ISO-8859-11",
+        "iso-8859-9": "Windows-1254",
+        "gb2312": "GB18030",
+        "euc-kr": "CP949",
+        "utf-16le": "UTF-16",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        lang_filter: LanguageFilter = LanguageFilter.ALL,
+        should_rename_legacy: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._esc_charset_prober: Optional[EscCharSetProber] = None
+        self._utf1632_prober: Optional[UTF1632Prober] = None
+        self._charset_probers: List[CharSetProber] = []
+        self.result: ResultDict = {
+            "encoding": None,
+            "confidence": 0.0,
+            "language": None,
+        }
+        self.done = False
+        self._got_data = False
+        self._input_state = InputState.PURE_ASCII
+        self._last_char = b""
+        self.lang_filter = lang_filter
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self._has_win_bytes = False
+        self.should_rename_legacy = should_rename_legacy
+        self.reset()
+
+    @property
+    def input_state(self) -> int:
+        return self._input_state
+
+    @property
+    def has_win_bytes(self) -> bool:
+        return self._has_win_bytes
+
+    @property
+    def charset_probers(self) -> List[CharSetProber]:
+        return self._charset_probers
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Reset the UniversalDetector and all of its probers back to their
+        initial states.  This is called by ``__init__``, so you only need to
+        call this directly in between analyses of different documents.
+        """
+        self.result = {"encoding": None, "confidence": 0.0, "language": None}
+        self.done = False
+        self._got_data = False
+        self._has_win_bytes = False
+        self._input_state = InputState.PURE_ASCII
+        self._last_char = b""
+        if self._esc_charset_prober:
+            self._esc_charset_prober.reset()
+        if self._utf1632_prober:
+            self._utf1632_prober.reset()
+        for prober in self._charset_probers:
+            prober.reset()
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+        """
+        Takes a chunk of a document and feeds it through all of the relevant
+        charset probers.
+
+        After calling ``feed``, you can check the value of the ``done``
+        attribute to see if you need to continue feeding the
+        ``UniversalDetector`` more data, or if it has made a prediction
+        (in the ``result`` attribute).
+
+        .. note::
+           You should always call ``close`` when you're done feeding in your
+           document if ``done`` is not already ``True``.
+        """
+        if self.done:
+            return
+
+        if not byte_str:
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(byte_str, bytearray):
+            byte_str = bytearray(byte_str)
+
+        # First check for known BOMs, since these are guaranteed to be correct
+        if not self._got_data:
+            # If the data starts with BOM, we know it is UTF
+            if byte_str.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF8):
+                # EF BB BF  UTF-8 with BOM
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": "UTF-8-SIG",
+                    "confidence": 1.0,
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+            elif byte_str.startswith((codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE)):
+                # FF FE 00 00  UTF-32, little-endian BOM
+                # 00 00 FE FF  UTF-32, big-endian BOM
+                self.result = {"encoding": "UTF-32", "confidence": 1.0, "language": ""}
+            elif byte_str.startswith(b"\xFE\xFF\x00\x00"):
+                # FE FF 00 00  UCS-4, unusual octet order BOM (3412)
+                self.result = {
+                    # TODO: This encoding is not supported by Python. Should remove?
+                    "encoding": "X-ISO-10646-UCS-4-3412",
+                    "confidence": 1.0,
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+            elif byte_str.startswith(b"\x00\x00\xFF\xFE"):
+                # 00 00 FF FE  UCS-4, unusual octet order BOM (2143)
+                self.result = {
+                    # TODO: This encoding is not supported by Python. Should remove?
+                    "encoding": "X-ISO-10646-UCS-4-2143",
+                    "confidence": 1.0,
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+            elif byte_str.startswith((codecs.BOM_LE, codecs.BOM_BE)):
+                # FF FE  UTF-16, little endian BOM
+                # FE FF  UTF-16, big endian BOM
+                self.result = {"encoding": "UTF-16", "confidence": 1.0, "language": ""}
+
+            self._got_data = True
+            if self.result["encoding"] is not None:
+                self.done = True
+                return
+
+        # If none of those matched and we've only see ASCII so far, check
+        # for high bytes and escape sequences
+        if self._input_state == InputState.PURE_ASCII:
+            if self.HIGH_BYTE_DETECTOR.search(byte_str):
+                self._input_state = InputState.HIGH_BYTE
+            elif (
+                self._input_state == InputState.PURE_ASCII
+                and self.ESC_DETECTOR.search(self._last_char + byte_str)
+            ):
+                self._input_state = InputState.ESC_ASCII
+
+        self._last_char = byte_str[-1:]
+
+        # next we will look to see if it is appears to be either a UTF-16 or
+        # UTF-32 encoding
+        if not self._utf1632_prober:
+            self._utf1632_prober = UTF1632Prober()
+
+        if self._utf1632_prober.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self._utf1632_prober.feed(byte_str) == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": self._utf1632_prober.charset_name,
+                    "confidence": self._utf1632_prober.get_confidence(),
+                    "language": "",
+                }
+                self.done = True
+                return
+
+        # If we've seen escape sequences, use the EscCharSetProber, which
+        # uses a simple state machine to check for known escape sequences in
+        # HZ and ISO-2022 encodings, since those are the only encodings that
+        # use such sequences.
+        if self._input_state == InputState.ESC_ASCII:
+            if not self._esc_charset_prober:
+                self._esc_charset_prober = EscCharSetProber(self.lang_filter)
+            if self._esc_charset_prober.feed(byte_str) == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": self._esc_charset_prober.charset_name,
+                    "confidence": self._esc_charset_prober.get_confidence(),
+                    "language": self._esc_charset_prober.language,
+                }
+                self.done = True
+        # If we've seen high bytes (i.e., those with values greater than 127),
+        # we need to do more complicated checks using all our multi-byte and
+        # single-byte probers that are left.  The single-byte probers
+        # use character bigram distributions to determine the encoding, whereas
+        # the multi-byte probers use a combination of character unigram and
+        # bigram distributions.
+        elif self._input_state == InputState.HIGH_BYTE:
+            if not self._charset_probers:
+                self._charset_probers = [MBCSGroupProber(self.lang_filter)]
+                # If we're checking non-CJK encodings, use single-byte prober
+                if self.lang_filter & LanguageFilter.NON_CJK:
+                    self._charset_probers.append(SBCSGroupProber())
+                self._charset_probers.append(Latin1Prober())
+                self._charset_probers.append(MacRomanProber())
+            for prober in self._charset_probers:
+                if prober.feed(byte_str) == ProbingState.FOUND_IT:
+                    self.result = {
+                        "encoding": prober.charset_name,
+                        "confidence": prober.get_confidence(),
+                        "language": prober.language,
+                    }
+                    self.done = True
+                    break
+            if self.WIN_BYTE_DETECTOR.search(byte_str):
+                self._has_win_bytes = True
+
+    def close(self) -> ResultDict:
+        """
+        Stop analyzing the current document and come up with a final
+        prediction.
+
+        :returns:  The ``result`` attribute, a ``dict`` with the keys
+                   `encoding`, `confidence`, and `language`.
+        """
+        # Don't bother with checks if we're already done
+        if self.done:
+            return self.result
+        self.done = True
+
+        if not self._got_data:
+            self.logger.debug("no data received!")
+
+        # Default to ASCII if it is all we've seen so far
+        elif self._input_state == InputState.PURE_ASCII:
+            self.result = {"encoding": "ascii", "confidence": 1.0, "language": ""}
+
+        # If we have seen non-ASCII, return the best that met MINIMUM_THRESHOLD
+        elif self._input_state == InputState.HIGH_BYTE:
+            prober_confidence = None
+            max_prober_confidence = 0.0
+            max_prober = None
+            for prober in self._charset_probers:
+                if not prober:
+                    continue
+                prober_confidence = prober.get_confidence()
+                if prober_confidence > max_prober_confidence:
+                    max_prober_confidence = prober_confidence
+                    max_prober = prober
+            if max_prober and (max_prober_confidence > self.MINIMUM_THRESHOLD):
+                charset_name = max_prober.charset_name
+                assert charset_name is not None
+                lower_charset_name = charset_name.lower()
+                confidence = max_prober.get_confidence()
+                # Use Windows encoding name instead of ISO-8859 if we saw any
+                # extra Windows-specific bytes
+                if lower_charset_name.startswith("iso-8859"):
+                    if self._has_win_bytes:
+                        charset_name = self.ISO_WIN_MAP.get(
+                            lower_charset_name, charset_name
+                        )
+                # Rename legacy encodings with superset encodings if asked
+                if self.should_rename_legacy:
+                    charset_name = self.LEGACY_MAP.get(
+                        (charset_name or "").lower(), charset_name
+                    )
+                self.result = {
+                    "encoding": charset_name,
+                    "confidence": confidence,
+                    "language": max_prober.language,
+                }
+
+        # Log all prober confidences if none met MINIMUM_THRESHOLD
+        if self.logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= logging.DEBUG:
+            if self.result["encoding"] is None:
+                self.logger.debug("no probers hit minimum threshold")
+                for group_prober in self._charset_probers:
+                    if not group_prober:
+                        continue
+                    if isinstance(group_prober, CharSetGroupProber):
+                        for prober in group_prober.probers:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                "%s %s confidence = %s",
+                                prober.charset_name,
+                                prober.language,
+                                prober.get_confidence(),
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "%s %s confidence = %s",
+                            group_prober.charset_name,
+                            group_prober.language,
+                            group_prober.get_confidence(),
+                        )
+        return self.result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf1632prober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf1632prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bdec63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf1632prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Jason Zavaglia
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .enums import ProbingState
+
+
+class UTF1632Prober(CharSetProber):
+    """
+    This class simply looks for occurrences of zero bytes, and infers
+    whether the file is UTF16 or UTF32 (low-endian or big-endian)
+    For instance, files looking like ( \0 \0 \0 [nonzero] )+
+    have a good probability to be UTF32BE.  Files looking like ( \0 [nonzero] )+
+    may be guessed to be UTF16BE, and inversely for little-endian varieties.
+    """
+
+    # how many logical characters to scan before feeling confident of prediction
+    MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION = 20
+    # a fixed constant ratio of expected zeros or non-zeros in modulo-position.
+    EXPECTED_RATIO = 0.94
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.position = 0
+        self.zeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self.nonzeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.quad = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+        self.invalid_utf16be = False
+        self.invalid_utf16le = False
+        self.invalid_utf32be = False
+        self.invalid_utf32le = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = False
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.position = 0
+        self.zeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self.nonzeros_at_mod = [0] * 4
+        self._state = ProbingState.DETECTING
+        self.invalid_utf16be = False
+        self.invalid_utf16le = False
+        self.invalid_utf32be = False
+        self.invalid_utf32le = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = False
+        self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = False
+        self.quad = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.is_likely_utf32be():
+            return "utf-32be"
+        if self.is_likely_utf32le():
+            return "utf-32le"
+        if self.is_likely_utf16be():
+            return "utf-16be"
+        if self.is_likely_utf16le():
+            return "utf-16le"
+        # default to something valid
+        return "utf-16"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def approx_32bit_chars(self) -> float:
+        return max(1.0, self.position / 4.0)
+
+    def approx_16bit_chars(self) -> float:
+        return max(1.0, self.position / 2.0)
+
+    def is_likely_utf32be(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_32bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            self.zeros_at_mod[0] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[1] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[2] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.nonzeros_at_mod[3] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf32be
+        )
+
+    def is_likely_utf32le(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_32bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            self.nonzeros_at_mod[0] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[1] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[2] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and self.zeros_at_mod[3] / approx_chars > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf32le
+        )
+
+    def is_likely_utf16be(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_16bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            (self.nonzeros_at_mod[1] + self.nonzeros_at_mod[3]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and (self.zeros_at_mod[0] + self.zeros_at_mod[2]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf16be
+        )
+
+    def is_likely_utf16le(self) -> bool:
+        approx_chars = self.approx_16bit_chars()
+        return approx_chars >= self.MIN_CHARS_FOR_DETECTION and (
+            (self.nonzeros_at_mod[0] + self.nonzeros_at_mod[2]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and (self.zeros_at_mod[1] + self.zeros_at_mod[3]) / approx_chars
+            > self.EXPECTED_RATIO
+            and not self.invalid_utf16le
+        )
+
+    def validate_utf32_characters(self, quad: List[int]) -> None:
+        """
+        Validate if the quad of bytes is valid UTF-32.
+
+        UTF-32 is valid in the range 0x00000000 - 0x0010FFFF
+        excluding 0x0000D800 - 0x0000DFFF
+
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32
+        """
+        if (
+            quad[0] != 0
+            or quad[1] > 0x10
+            or (quad[0] == 0 and quad[1] == 0 and 0xD8 <= quad[2] <= 0xDF)
+        ):
+            self.invalid_utf32be = True
+        if (
+            quad[3] != 0
+            or quad[2] > 0x10
+            or (quad[3] == 0 and quad[2] == 0 and 0xD8 <= quad[1] <= 0xDF)
+        ):
+            self.invalid_utf32le = True
+
+    def validate_utf16_characters(self, pair: List[int]) -> None:
+        """
+        Validate if the pair of bytes is  valid UTF-16.
+
+        UTF-16 is valid in the range 0x0000 - 0xFFFF excluding 0xD800 - 0xFFFF
+        with an exception for surrogate pairs, which must be in the range
+        0xD800-0xDBFF followed by 0xDC00-0xDFFF
+
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+        """
+        if not self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be:
+            if 0xD8 <= pair[0] <= 0xDB:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = True
+            elif 0xDC <= pair[0] <= 0xDF:
+                self.invalid_utf16be = True
+        else:
+            if 0xDC <= pair[0] <= 0xDF:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16be = False
+            else:
+                self.invalid_utf16be = True
+
+        if not self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le:
+            if 0xD8 <= pair[1] <= 0xDB:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = True
+            elif 0xDC <= pair[1] <= 0xDF:
+                self.invalid_utf16le = True
+        else:
+            if 0xDC <= pair[1] <= 0xDF:
+                self.first_half_surrogate_pair_detected_16le = False
+            else:
+                self.invalid_utf16le = True
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for c in byte_str:
+            mod4 = self.position % 4
+            self.quad[mod4] = c
+            if mod4 == 3:
+                self.validate_utf32_characters(self.quad)
+                self.validate_utf16_characters(self.quad[0:2])
+                self.validate_utf16_characters(self.quad[2:4])
+            if c == 0:
+                self.zeros_at_mod[mod4] += 1
+            else:
+                self.nonzeros_at_mod[mod4] += 1
+            self.position += 1
+        return self.state
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> ProbingState:
+        if self._state in {ProbingState.NOT_ME, ProbingState.FOUND_IT}:
+            # terminal, decided states
+            return self._state
+        if self.get_confidence() > 0.80:
+            self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+        elif self.position > 4 * 1024:
+            # if we get to 4kb into the file, and we can't conclude it's UTF,
+            # let's give up
+            self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+        return self._state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        return (
+            0.85
+            if (
+                self.is_likely_utf16le()
+                or self.is_likely_utf16be()
+                or self.is_likely_utf32le()
+                or self.is_likely_utf32be()
+            )
+            else 0.00
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf8prober.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf8prober.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d96354d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/utf8prober.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+######################## BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ########################
+# The Original Code is mozilla.org code.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#   Mark Pilgrim - port to Python
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301  USA
+######################### END LICENSE BLOCK #########################
+
+from typing import Union
+
+from .charsetprober import CharSetProber
+from .codingstatemachine import CodingStateMachine
+from .enums import MachineState, ProbingState
+from .mbcssm import UTF8_SM_MODEL
+
+
+class UTF8Prober(CharSetProber):
+    ONE_CHAR_PROB = 0.5
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.coding_sm = CodingStateMachine(UTF8_SM_MODEL)
+        self._num_mb_chars = 0
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        super().reset()
+        self.coding_sm.reset()
+        self._num_mb_chars = 0
+
+    @property
+    def charset_name(self) -> str:
+        return "utf-8"
+
+    @property
+    def language(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def feed(self, byte_str: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> ProbingState:
+        for c in byte_str:
+            coding_state = self.coding_sm.next_state(c)
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ERROR:
+                self._state = ProbingState.NOT_ME
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.ITS_ME:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+                break
+            if coding_state == MachineState.START:
+                if self.coding_sm.get_current_charlen() >= 2:
+                    self._num_mb_chars += 1
+
+        if self.state == ProbingState.DETECTING:
+            if self.get_confidence() > self.SHORTCUT_THRESHOLD:
+                self._state = ProbingState.FOUND_IT
+
+        return self.state
+
+    def get_confidence(self) -> float:
+        unlike = 0.99
+        if self._num_mb_chars < 6:
+            unlike *= self.ONE_CHAR_PROB**self._num_mb_chars
+            return 1.0 - unlike
+        return unlike
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e9d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/chardet/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""
+This module exists only to simplify retrieving the version number of chardet
+from within setuptools and from chardet subpackages.
+
+:author: Dan Blanchard (dan.blanchard@gmail.com)
+"""
+
+__version__ = "5.1.0"
+VERSION = __version__.split(".")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..383101c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from .initialise import init, deinit, reinit, colorama_text, just_fix_windows_console
+from .ansi import Fore, Back, Style, Cursor
+from .ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+__version__ = '0.4.6'
+
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11ec695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+'''
+This module generates ANSI character codes to printing colors to terminals.
+See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
+'''
+
+CSI = '\033['
+OSC = '\033]'
+BEL = '\a'
+
+
+def code_to_chars(code):
+    return CSI + str(code) + 'm'
+
+def set_title(title):
+    return OSC + '2;' + title + BEL
+
+def clear_screen(mode=2):
+    return CSI + str(mode) + 'J'
+
+def clear_line(mode=2):
+    return CSI + str(mode) + 'K'
+
+
+class AnsiCodes(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        # the subclasses declare class attributes which are numbers.
+        # Upon instantiation we define instance attributes, which are the same
+        # as the class attributes but wrapped with the ANSI escape sequence
+        for name in dir(self):
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                value = getattr(self, name)
+                setattr(self, name, code_to_chars(value))
+
+
+class AnsiCursor(object):
+    def UP(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'A'
+    def DOWN(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'B'
+    def FORWARD(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'C'
+    def BACK(self, n=1):
+        return CSI + str(n) + 'D'
+    def POS(self, x=1, y=1):
+        return CSI + str(y) + ';' + str(x) + 'H'
+
+
+class AnsiFore(AnsiCodes):
+    BLACK           = 30
+    RED             = 31
+    GREEN           = 32
+    YELLOW          = 33
+    BLUE            = 34
+    MAGENTA         = 35
+    CYAN            = 36
+    WHITE           = 37
+    RESET           = 39
+
+    # These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard.
+    LIGHTBLACK_EX   = 90
+    LIGHTRED_EX     = 91
+    LIGHTGREEN_EX   = 92
+    LIGHTYELLOW_EX  = 93
+    LIGHTBLUE_EX    = 94
+    LIGHTMAGENTA_EX = 95
+    LIGHTCYAN_EX    = 96
+    LIGHTWHITE_EX   = 97
+
+
+class AnsiBack(AnsiCodes):
+    BLACK           = 40
+    RED             = 41
+    GREEN           = 42
+    YELLOW          = 43
+    BLUE            = 44
+    MAGENTA         = 45
+    CYAN            = 46
+    WHITE           = 47
+    RESET           = 49
+
+    # These are fairly well supported, but not part of the standard.
+    LIGHTBLACK_EX   = 100
+    LIGHTRED_EX     = 101
+    LIGHTGREEN_EX   = 102
+    LIGHTYELLOW_EX  = 103
+    LIGHTBLUE_EX    = 104
+    LIGHTMAGENTA_EX = 105
+    LIGHTCYAN_EX    = 106
+    LIGHTWHITE_EX   = 107
+
+
+class AnsiStyle(AnsiCodes):
+    BRIGHT    = 1
+    DIM       = 2
+    NORMAL    = 22
+    RESET_ALL = 0
+
+Fore   = AnsiFore()
+Back   = AnsiBack()
+Style  = AnsiStyle()
+Cursor = AnsiCursor()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansitowin32.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansitowin32.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abf209e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/ansitowin32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import re
+import sys
+import os
+
+from .ansi import AnsiFore, AnsiBack, AnsiStyle, Style, BEL
+from .winterm import enable_vt_processing, WinTerm, WinColor, WinStyle
+from .win32 import windll, winapi_test
+
+
+winterm = None
+if windll is not None:
+    winterm = WinTerm()
+
+
+class StreamWrapper(object):
+    '''
+    Wraps a stream (such as stdout), acting as a transparent proxy for all
+    attribute access apart from method 'write()', which is delegated to our
+    Converter instance.
+    '''
+    def __init__(self, wrapped, converter):
+        # double-underscore everything to prevent clashes with names of
+        # attributes on the wrapped stream object.
+        self.__wrapped = wrapped
+        self.__convertor = converter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.__wrapped, name)
+
+    def __enter__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # special method lookup bypasses __getattr__/__getattribute__, see
+        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12632894/why-doesnt-getattr-work-with-exit
+        # thus, contextlib magic methods are not proxied via __getattr__
+        return self.__wrapped.__enter__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.__wrapped.__exit__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.__dict__ = state
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self.__dict__
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        self.__convertor.write(text)
+
+    def isatty(self):
+        stream = self.__wrapped
+        if 'PYCHARM_HOSTED' in os.environ:
+            if stream is not None and (stream is sys.__stdout__ or stream is sys.__stderr__):
+                return True
+        try:
+            stream_isatty = stream.isatty
+        except AttributeError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return stream_isatty()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        stream = self.__wrapped
+        try:
+            return stream.closed
+        # AttributeError in the case that the stream doesn't support being closed
+        # ValueError for the case that the stream has already been detached when atexit runs
+        except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+            return True
+
+
+class AnsiToWin32(object):
+    '''
+    Implements a 'write()' method which, on Windows, will strip ANSI character
+    sequences from the text, and if outputting to a tty, will convert them into
+    win32 function calls.
+    '''
+    ANSI_CSI_RE = re.compile('\001?\033\\[((?:\\d|;)*)([a-zA-Z])\002?')   # Control Sequence Introducer
+    ANSI_OSC_RE = re.compile('\001?\033\\]([^\a]*)(\a)\002?')             # Operating System Command
+
+    def __init__(self, wrapped, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False):
+        # The wrapped stream (normally sys.stdout or sys.stderr)
+        self.wrapped = wrapped
+
+        # should we reset colors to defaults after every .write()
+        self.autoreset = autoreset
+
+        # create the proxy wrapping our output stream
+        self.stream = StreamWrapper(wrapped, self)
+
+        on_windows = os.name == 'nt'
+        # We test if the WinAPI works, because even if we are on Windows
+        # we may be using a terminal that doesn't support the WinAPI
+        # (e.g. Cygwin Terminal). In this case it's up to the terminal
+        # to support the ANSI codes.
+        conversion_supported = on_windows and winapi_test()
+        try:
+            fd = wrapped.fileno()
+        except Exception:
+            fd = -1
+        system_has_native_ansi = not on_windows or enable_vt_processing(fd)
+        have_tty = not self.stream.closed and self.stream.isatty()
+        need_conversion = conversion_supported and not system_has_native_ansi
+
+        # should we strip ANSI sequences from our output?
+        if strip is None:
+            strip = need_conversion or not have_tty
+        self.strip = strip
+
+        # should we should convert ANSI sequences into win32 calls?
+        if convert is None:
+            convert = need_conversion and have_tty
+        self.convert = convert
+
+        # dict of ansi codes to win32 functions and parameters
+        self.win32_calls = self.get_win32_calls()
+
+        # are we wrapping stderr?
+        self.on_stderr = self.wrapped is sys.stderr
+
+    def should_wrap(self):
+        '''
+        True if this class is actually needed. If false, then the output
+        stream will not be affected, nor will win32 calls be issued, so
+        wrapping stdout is not actually required. This will generally be
+        False on non-Windows platforms, unless optional functionality like
+        autoreset has been requested using kwargs to init()
+        '''
+        return self.convert or self.strip or self.autoreset
+
+    def get_win32_calls(self):
+        if self.convert and winterm:
+            return {
+                AnsiStyle.RESET_ALL: (winterm.reset_all, ),
+                AnsiStyle.BRIGHT: (winterm.style, WinStyle.BRIGHT),
+                AnsiStyle.DIM: (winterm.style, WinStyle.NORMAL),
+                AnsiStyle.NORMAL: (winterm.style, WinStyle.NORMAL),
+                AnsiFore.BLACK: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLACK),
+                AnsiFore.RED: (winterm.fore, WinColor.RED),
+                AnsiFore.GREEN: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREEN),
+                AnsiFore.YELLOW: (winterm.fore, WinColor.YELLOW),
+                AnsiFore.BLUE: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLUE),
+                AnsiFore.MAGENTA: (winterm.fore, WinColor.MAGENTA),
+                AnsiFore.CYAN: (winterm.fore, WinColor.CYAN),
+                AnsiFore.WHITE: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREY),
+                AnsiFore.RESET: (winterm.fore, ),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTBLACK_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLACK, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTRED_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.RED, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTGREEN_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREEN, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.YELLOW, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTBLUE_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.BLUE, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.MAGENTA, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTCYAN_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.CYAN, True),
+                AnsiFore.LIGHTWHITE_EX: (winterm.fore, WinColor.GREY, True),
+                AnsiBack.BLACK: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLACK),
+                AnsiBack.RED: (winterm.back, WinColor.RED),
+                AnsiBack.GREEN: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREEN),
+                AnsiBack.YELLOW: (winterm.back, WinColor.YELLOW),
+                AnsiBack.BLUE: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLUE),
+                AnsiBack.MAGENTA: (winterm.back, WinColor.MAGENTA),
+                AnsiBack.CYAN: (winterm.back, WinColor.CYAN),
+                AnsiBack.WHITE: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREY),
+                AnsiBack.RESET: (winterm.back, ),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTBLACK_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLACK, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTRED_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.RED, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTGREEN_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREEN, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTYELLOW_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.YELLOW, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTBLUE_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.BLUE, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.MAGENTA, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTCYAN_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.CYAN, True),
+                AnsiBack.LIGHTWHITE_EX: (winterm.back, WinColor.GREY, True),
+            }
+        return dict()
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        if self.strip or self.convert:
+            self.write_and_convert(text)
+        else:
+            self.wrapped.write(text)
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+        if self.autoreset:
+            self.reset_all()
+
+
+    def reset_all(self):
+        if self.convert:
+            self.call_win32('m', (0,))
+        elif not self.strip and not self.stream.closed:
+            self.wrapped.write(Style.RESET_ALL)
+
+
+    def write_and_convert(self, text):
+        '''
+        Write the given text to our wrapped stream, stripping any ANSI
+        sequences from the text, and optionally converting them into win32
+        calls.
+        '''
+        cursor = 0
+        text = self.convert_osc(text)
+        for match in self.ANSI_CSI_RE.finditer(text):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            self.write_plain_text(text, cursor, start)
+            self.convert_ansi(*match.groups())
+            cursor = end
+        self.write_plain_text(text, cursor, len(text))
+
+
+    def write_plain_text(self, text, start, end):
+        if start < end:
+            self.wrapped.write(text[start:end])
+            self.wrapped.flush()
+
+
+    def convert_ansi(self, paramstring, command):
+        if self.convert:
+            params = self.extract_params(command, paramstring)
+            self.call_win32(command, params)
+
+
+    def extract_params(self, command, paramstring):
+        if command in 'Hf':
+            params = tuple(int(p) if len(p) != 0 else 1 for p in paramstring.split(';'))
+            while len(params) < 2:
+                # defaults:
+                params = params + (1,)
+        else:
+            params = tuple(int(p) for p in paramstring.split(';') if len(p) != 0)
+            if len(params) == 0:
+                # defaults:
+                if command in 'JKm':
+                    params = (0,)
+                elif command in 'ABCD':
+                    params = (1,)
+
+        return params
+
+
+    def call_win32(self, command, params):
+        if command == 'm':
+            for param in params:
+                if param in self.win32_calls:
+                    func_args = self.win32_calls[param]
+                    func = func_args[0]
+                    args = func_args[1:]
+                    kwargs = dict(on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+                    func(*args, **kwargs)
+        elif command in 'J':
+            winterm.erase_screen(params[0], on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'K':
+            winterm.erase_line(params[0], on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'Hf':     # cursor position - absolute
+            winterm.set_cursor_position(params, on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+        elif command in 'ABCD':   # cursor position - relative
+            n = params[0]
+            # A - up, B - down, C - forward, D - back
+            x, y = {'A': (0, -n), 'B': (0, n), 'C': (n, 0), 'D': (-n, 0)}[command]
+            winterm.cursor_adjust(x, y, on_stderr=self.on_stderr)
+
+
+    def convert_osc(self, text):
+        for match in self.ANSI_OSC_RE.finditer(text):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            text = text[:start] + text[end:]
+            paramstring, command = match.groups()
+            if command == BEL:
+                if paramstring.count(";") == 1:
+                    params = paramstring.split(";")
+                    # 0 - change title and icon (we will only change title)
+                    # 1 - change icon (we don't support this)
+                    # 2 - change title
+                    if params[0] in '02':
+                        winterm.set_title(params[1])
+        return text
+
+
+    def flush(self):
+        self.wrapped.flush()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/initialise.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/initialise.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5fd4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/initialise.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import atexit
+import contextlib
+import sys
+
+from .ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+
+def _wipe_internal_state_for_tests():
+    global orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+    orig_stdout = None
+    orig_stderr = None
+
+    global wrapped_stdout, wrapped_stderr
+    wrapped_stdout = None
+    wrapped_stderr = None
+
+    global atexit_done
+    atexit_done = False
+
+    global fixed_windows_console
+    fixed_windows_console = False
+
+    try:
+        # no-op if it wasn't registered
+        atexit.unregister(reset_all)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # python 2: no atexit.unregister. Oh well, we did our best.
+        pass
+
+
+def reset_all():
+    if AnsiToWin32 is not None:    # Issue #74: objects might become None at exit
+        AnsiToWin32(orig_stdout).reset_all()
+
+
+def init(autoreset=False, convert=None, strip=None, wrap=True):
+
+    if not wrap and any([autoreset, convert, strip]):
+        raise ValueError('wrap=False conflicts with any other arg=True')
+
+    global wrapped_stdout, wrapped_stderr
+    global orig_stdout, orig_stderr
+
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+    if sys.stdout is None:
+        wrapped_stdout = None
+    else:
+        sys.stdout = wrapped_stdout = \
+            wrap_stream(orig_stdout, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap)
+    if sys.stderr is None:
+        wrapped_stderr = None
+    else:
+        sys.stderr = wrapped_stderr = \
+            wrap_stream(orig_stderr, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap)
+
+    global atexit_done
+    if not atexit_done:
+        atexit.register(reset_all)
+        atexit_done = True
+
+
+def deinit():
+    if orig_stdout is not None:
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    if orig_stderr is not None:
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+
+def just_fix_windows_console():
+    global fixed_windows_console
+
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        return
+    if fixed_windows_console:
+        return
+    if wrapped_stdout is not None or wrapped_stderr is not None:
+        # Someone already ran init() and it did stuff, so we won't second-guess them
+        return
+
+    # On newer versions of Windows, AnsiToWin32.__init__ will implicitly enable the
+    # native ANSI support in the console as a side-effect. We only need to actually
+    # replace sys.stdout/stderr if we're in the old-style conversion mode.
+    new_stdout = AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False)
+    if new_stdout.convert:
+        sys.stdout = new_stdout
+    new_stderr = AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False)
+    if new_stderr.convert:
+        sys.stderr = new_stderr
+
+    fixed_windows_console = True
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def colorama_text(*args, **kwargs):
+    init(*args, **kwargs)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        deinit()
+
+
+def reinit():
+    if wrapped_stdout is not None:
+        sys.stdout = wrapped_stdout
+    if wrapped_stderr is not None:
+        sys.stderr = wrapped_stderr
+
+
+def wrap_stream(stream, convert, strip, autoreset, wrap):
+    if wrap:
+        wrapper = AnsiToWin32(stream,
+            convert=convert, strip=strip, autoreset=autoreset)
+        if wrapper.should_wrap():
+            stream = wrapper.stream
+    return stream
+
+
+# Use this for initial setup as well, to reduce code duplication
+_wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5661e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a20c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansi_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansi import Back, Fore, Style
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32
+
+stdout_orig = sys.stdout
+stderr_orig = sys.stderr
+
+
+class AnsiTest(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check: stdout should be a file or StringIO object.
+        # It will only be AnsiToWin32 if init() has previously wrapped it
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stdout), AnsiToWin32)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(sys.stderr), AnsiToWin32)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        sys.stdout = stdout_orig
+        sys.stderr = stderr_orig
+
+
+    def testForeAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLACK, '\033[30m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RED, '\033[31m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.GREEN, '\033[32m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.YELLOW, '\033[33m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.BLUE, '\033[34m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.MAGENTA, '\033[35m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.CYAN, '\033[36m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.WHITE, '\033[37m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.RESET, '\033[39m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[90m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[91m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[92m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[93m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[94m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[95m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[96m')
+        self.assertEqual(Fore.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[97m')
+
+
+    def testBackAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLACK, '\033[40m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RED, '\033[41m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.GREEN, '\033[42m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.YELLOW, '\033[43m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.BLUE, '\033[44m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.MAGENTA, '\033[45m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.CYAN, '\033[46m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.WHITE, '\033[47m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.RESET, '\033[49m')
+
+        # Check the light, extended versions.
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLACK_EX, '\033[100m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTRED_EX, '\033[101m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTGREEN_EX, '\033[102m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTYELLOW_EX, '\033[103m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTBLUE_EX, '\033[104m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTMAGENTA_EX, '\033[105m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTCYAN_EX, '\033[106m')
+        self.assertEqual(Back.LIGHTWHITE_EX, '\033[107m')
+
+
+    def testStyleAttributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Style.DIM, '\033[2m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.NORMAL, '\033[22m')
+        self.assertEqual(Style.BRIGHT, '\033[1m')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ca551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/ansitowin32_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+try:
+    from contextlib import ExitStack
+except ImportError:
+    # python 2
+    from contextlib2 import ExitStack
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import AnsiToWin32, StreamWrapper
+from ..win32 import ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
+from .utils import osname
+
+
+class StreamWrapperTest(TestCase):
+
+    def testIsAProxy(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, None)
+        self.assertTrue( wrapper.random_attr is mockStream.random_attr )
+
+    def testDelegatesWrite(self):
+        mockStream = Mock()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter)
+        wrapper.write('hello')
+        self.assertTrue(mockConverter.write.call_args, (('hello',), {}))
+
+    def testDelegatesContext(self):
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        s = StringIO()
+        with StreamWrapper(s, mockConverter) as fp:
+            fp.write(u'hello')
+        self.assertTrue(s.closed)
+
+    def testProxyNoContextManager(self):
+        mockStream = MagicMock()
+        mockStream.__enter__.side_effect = AttributeError()
+        mockConverter = Mock()
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as excinfo:
+            with StreamWrapper(mockStream, mockConverter) as wrapper:
+                wrapper.write('hello')
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_stream(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+    def test_closed_shouldnt_raise_on_detached_stream(self):
+        stream = TextIOWrapper(StringIO())
+        stream.detach()
+        wrapper = StreamWrapper(stream, None)
+        self.assertEqual(wrapper.closed, True)
+
+class AnsiToWin32Test(TestCase):
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        auto = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, autoreset=auto)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped, mockStdout)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.autoreset, auto)
+
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm', None)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    def testStripIsTrueOnWindows(self):
+        with osname('nt'):
+            mockStdout = Mock()
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+
+    def testStripIsFalseOffWindows(self):
+        with osname('posix'):
+            mockStdout = Mock(closed=False)
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+
+    def testWriteStripsAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = True
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.wrapped.write.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.write_and_convert.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def testWriteDoesNotStripAnsi(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout)
+        stream.wrapped = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert = Mock()
+        stream.strip = False
+        stream.convert = False
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertFalse(stream.write_and_convert.called)
+        self.assertEqual(stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}))
+
+    def assert_autoresets(self, convert, autoreset=True):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = convert
+        stream.reset_all = Mock()
+        stream.autoreset = autoreset
+        stream.winterm = Mock()
+
+        stream.write('abc')
+
+        self.assertEqual(stream.reset_all.called, autoreset)
+
+    def testWriteAutoresets(self):
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=True, autoreset=False)
+        self.assert_autoresets(convert=False, autoreset=False)
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertWritesPlainText(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.write_and_convert( 'abc' )
+        self.assertEqual( stream.wrapped.write.call_args, (('abc',), {}) )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertStripsAllValidAnsi(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        data = [
+            'abc\033[mdef',
+            'abc\033[0mdef',
+            'abc\033[2mdef',
+            'abc\033[02mdef',
+            'abc\033[002mdef',
+            'abc\033[40mdef',
+            'abc\033[040mdef',
+            'abc\033[0;1mdef',
+            'abc\033[40;50mdef',
+            'abc\033[50;30;40mdef',
+            'abc\033[Adef',
+            'abc\033[0Gdef',
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef',
+        ]
+        for datum in data:
+            stream.wrapped.write.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual(
+               [args[0] for args in stream.wrapped.write.call_args_list],
+               [ ('abc',), ('def',) ]
+            )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertSkipsEmptySnippets(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.write_and_convert( '\033[40m\033[41m' )
+        self.assertFalse( stream.wrapped.write.called )
+
+    def testWriteAndConvertCallsWin32WithParamsAndCommand(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        stream.convert = True
+        stream.call_win32 = Mock()
+        stream.extract_params = Mock(return_value='params')
+        data = {
+            'abc\033[adef':         ('a', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;bdef':       ('b', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[0cdef':        ('c', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[;;0;;Gdef':    ('G', 'params'),
+            'abc\033[1;20;128Hdef': ('H', 'params'),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            stream.call_win32.reset_mock()
+            stream.write_and_convert( datum )
+            self.assertEqual( stream.call_win32.call_args[0], expected )
+
+    def test_reset_all_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        stream.close()
+
+        converter.reset_all()
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_closed_orig_stdout(self):
+        stream = StringIO()
+        stream.close()
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(stream)
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def test_wrap_shouldnt_raise_on_missing_closed_attr(self):
+        with \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt"), \
+            patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True):
+                converter = AnsiToWin32(object())
+        self.assertTrue(converter.strip)
+        self.assertFalse(converter.convert)
+
+    def testExtractParams(self):
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(Mock())
+        data = {
+            '':               (0,),
+            ';;':             (0,),
+            '2':              (2,),
+            ';;002;;':        (2,),
+            '0;1':            (0, 1),
+            ';;003;;456;;':   (3, 456),
+            '11;22;33;44;55': (11, 22, 33, 44, 55),
+        }
+        for datum, expected in data.items():
+            self.assertEqual(stream.extract_params('m', datum), expected)
+
+    def testCallWin32UsesLookup(self):
+        listener = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(listener)
+        stream.win32_calls = {
+            1: (lambda *_, **__: listener(11),),
+            2: (lambda *_, **__: listener(22),),
+            3: (lambda *_, **__: listener(33),),
+        }
+        stream.call_win32('m', (3, 1, 99, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [a[0][0] for a in listener.call_args_list],
+            [33, 11, 22] )
+
+    def test_osc_codes(self):
+        mockStdout = Mock()
+        stream = AnsiToWin32(mockStdout, convert=True)
+        with patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winterm') as winterm:
+            data = [
+                '\033]0\x07',                      # missing arguments
+                '\033]0;foo\x08',                  # wrong OSC command
+                '\033]0;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]1;colorama_test_title\x07',  # wrong set command
+                '\033]2;colorama_test_title\x07',  # should work
+                '\033]' + ';' * 64 + '\x08',       # see issue #247
+            ]
+            for code in data:
+                stream.write(code)
+            self.assertEqual(winterm.set_title.call_count, 2)
+
+    def test_native_windows_ansi(self):
+        with ExitStack() as stack:
+            def p(a, b):
+                stack.enter_context(patch(a, b, create=True))
+            # Pretend to be on Windows
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.os.name", "nt")
+            p("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.win32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.windll", "non-None")
+            p("colorama.winterm.get_osfhandle", lambda _: 1234)
+
+            # Pretend that our mock stream has native ANSI support
+            p(
+                "colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode",
+                lambda _: ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+            )
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stdout = Mock()
+            stdout.closed = False
+            stdout.isatty.return_value = True
+            stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+
+            # Our fake console says it has native vt support, so AnsiToWin32 should
+            # enable that support and do nothing else.
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.strip)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.convert)
+            self.assertFalse(stream.should_wrap())
+
+            # Now let's pretend we're on an old Windows console, that doesn't have
+            # native ANSI support.
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.GetConsoleMode", lambda _: 0)
+            SetConsoleMode = Mock()
+            p("colorama.winterm.win32.SetConsoleMode", SetConsoleMode)
+
+            stream = AnsiToWin32(stdout)
+            SetConsoleMode.assert_called_with(1234, ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.strip)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.convert)
+            self.assertTrue(stream.should_wrap())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89f9b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/initialise_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import patch, Mock
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import patch, Mock
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper
+from ..initialise import init, just_fix_windows_console, _wipe_internal_state_for_tests
+from .utils import osname, replace_by
+
+orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+
+
+class InitTest(TestCase):
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.stdout.isatty(), "sys.stdout is not a tty")
+    def setUp(self):
+        # sanity check
+        self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def assertWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should be wrapped')
+        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should be wrapped')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stdout, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stdout wrapper')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(sys.stderr, StreamWrapper),
+            'bad stderr wrapper')
+
+    def assertNotWrapped(self):
+        self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout, 'stdout should not be wrapped')
+        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr, 'stderr should not be wrapped')
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: True)
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitWrapsOnWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.reset_all')
+    @patch('colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test', lambda *_: False)
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnEmulatedWindows(self, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapOnNonWindows(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init()
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitDoesntWrapIfNone(self):
+        with replace_by(None):
+            init()
+            # We can't use assertNotWrapped here because replace_by(None)
+            # changes stdout/stderr already.
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stdout)
+            self.assertIsNone(sys.stderr)
+
+    def testInitAutoresetOnWrapsOnAllPlatforms(self):
+        with osname("posix"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffDoesntWrapOnWindows(self):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(wrap=False)
+            self.assertNotWrapped()
+
+    def testInitWrapOffIncompatibleWithAutoresetOn(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: init(autoreset=True, wrap=False))
+
+    @patch('colorama.win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute')
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetPassedOn(self, mockATW32, _):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[1][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[0][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.AnsiToWin32')
+    def testAutoResetChangeable(self, mockATW32):
+        with osname("nt"):
+            init()
+
+            init(autoreset=True)
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[2][1]['autoreset'], True)
+            self.assertEqual(mockATW32.call_args_list[3][1]['autoreset'], True)
+
+            init()
+            self.assertEqual(len(mockATW32.call_args_list), 6)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[4][1]['autoreset'], False)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mockATW32.call_args_list[5][1]['autoreset'], False)
+
+
+    @patch('colorama.initialise.atexit.register')
+    def testAtexitRegisteredOnlyOnce(self, mockRegister):
+        init()
+        self.assertTrue(mockRegister.called)
+        mockRegister.reset_mock()
+        init()
+        self.assertFalse(mockRegister.called)
+
+
+class JustFixWindowsConsoleTest(TestCase):
+    def _reset(self):
+        _wipe_internal_state_for_tests()
+        sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+        sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self._reset()
+
+    @patch("colorama.ansitowin32.winapi_test", lambda: True)
+    def testJustFixWindowsConsole(self):
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            # just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+            just_fix_windows_console()
+            self.assertIs(sys.stdout, orig_stdout)
+            self.assertIs(sys.stderr, orig_stderr)
+        else:
+            def fake_std():
+                # Emulate stdout=not a tty, stderr=tty
+                # to check that we handle both cases correctly
+                stdout = Mock()
+                stdout.closed = False
+                stdout.isatty.return_value = False
+                stdout.fileno.return_value = 1
+                sys.stdout = stdout
+
+                stderr = Mock()
+                stderr.closed = False
+                stderr.isatty.return_value = True
+                stderr.fileno.return_value = 2
+                sys.stderr = stderr
+
+            for native_ansi in [False, True]:
+                with patch(
+                    'colorama.ansitowin32.enable_vt_processing',
+                    lambda *_: native_ansi
+                ):
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # Regular single-call test
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    if native_ansi:
+                        self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertIsNot(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    # second call without resetting is always a no-op
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stdout, prev_stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(sys.stderr, prev_stderr)
+
+                    self._reset()
+                    fake_std()
+
+                    # If init() runs first, just_fix_windows_console should be a no-op
+                    init()
+                    prev_stdout = sys.stdout
+                    prev_stderr = sys.stderr
+                    just_fix_windows_console()
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stdout, sys.stdout)
+                    self.assertIs(prev_stderr, sys.stderr)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f84e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/isatty_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+from ..ansitowin32 import StreamWrapper, AnsiToWin32
+from .utils import pycharm, replace_by, replace_original_by, StreamTTY, StreamNonTTY
+
+
+def is_a_tty(stream):
+    return StreamWrapper(stream, None).isatty()
+
+class IsattyTest(TestCase):
+
+    def test_TTY(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_nonTTY(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharm(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stderr))
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(sys.stdout))
+
+    def test_withPycharmTTYOverride(self):
+        tty = StreamTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(tty):
+            self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNonTTYOverride(self):
+        non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+        with pycharm(), replace_by(non_tty):
+            self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(non_tty))
+
+    def test_withPycharmNoneOverride(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            with replace_by(None), replace_original_by(None):
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(None))
+                self.assertFalse(is_a_tty(StreamNonTTY()))
+                self.assertTrue(is_a_tty(StreamTTY()))
+
+    def test_withPycharmStreamWrapped(self):
+        with pycharm():
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(StreamTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertFalse(AnsiToWin32(StreamNonTTY()).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stdout).stream.isatty())
+            self.assertTrue(AnsiToWin32(sys.stderr).stream.isatty())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472fafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import StringIO
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+class StreamTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return True
+
+class StreamNonTTY(StringIO):
+    def isatty(self):
+        return False
+
+@contextmanager
+def osname(name):
+    orig = os.name
+    os.name = name
+    yield
+    os.name = orig
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.stdout
+    orig_stderr = sys.stderr
+    sys.stdout = stream
+    sys.stderr = stream
+    yield
+    sys.stdout = orig_stdout
+    sys.stderr = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def replace_original_by(stream):
+    orig_stdout = sys.__stdout__
+    orig_stderr = sys.__stderr__
+    sys.__stdout__ = stream
+    sys.__stderr__ = stream
+    yield
+    sys.__stdout__ = orig_stdout
+    sys.__stderr__ = orig_stderr
+
+@contextmanager
+def pycharm():
+    os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"] = "1"
+    non_tty = StreamNonTTY()
+    with replace_by(non_tty), replace_original_by(non_tty):
+        yield
+    del os.environ["PYCHARM_HOSTED"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0955f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/tests/winterm_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+import sys
+from unittest import TestCase, main, skipUnless
+
+try:
+    from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+except ImportError:
+    from mock import Mock, patch
+
+from ..winterm import WinColor, WinStyle, WinTerm
+
+
+class WinTermTest(TestCase):
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testInit(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 7 + 6 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testGetAttrs(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term._fore = 0
+        term._back = 0
+        term._style = 0
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), 0)
+
+        term._fore = WinColor.YELLOW
+        self.assertEqual(term.get_attrs(), WinColor.YELLOW)
+
+        term._back = WinColor.MAGENTA
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16)
+
+        term._style = WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.assertEqual(
+            term.get_attrs(),
+            WinColor.YELLOW + WinColor.MAGENTA * 16 + WinStyle.BRIGHT)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testResetAll(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 1 + 2 * 16 + 8
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = -1
+        term._back = -1
+        term._style = -1
+
+        term.reset_all()
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 8)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testFore(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._fore = 0
+
+        term.fore(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._fore, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testBack(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._back = 0
+
+        term.back(5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._back, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
+    def testStyle(self):
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.set_console = Mock()
+        term._style = 0
+
+        term.style(22)
+
+        self.assertEqual(term._style, 22)
+        self.assertEqual(term.set_console.called, True)
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsole(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDOUT, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+    @patch('colorama.winterm.win32')
+    def testSetConsoleOnStderr(self, mockWin32):
+        mockAttr = Mock()
+        mockAttr.wAttributes = 0
+        mockWin32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.return_value = mockAttr
+        term = WinTerm()
+        term.windll = Mock()
+
+        term.set_console(on_stderr=True)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            mockWin32.SetConsoleTextAttribute.call_args,
+            ((mockWin32.STDERR, term.get_attrs()), {})
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/win32.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/win32.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..841b0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/win32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+
+# from winbase.h
+STDOUT = -11
+STDERR = -12
+
+ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 0x0004
+
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import LibraryLoader
+    windll = LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+    from ctypes import wintypes
+except (AttributeError, ImportError):
+    windll = None
+    SetConsoleTextAttribute = lambda *_: None
+    winapi_test = lambda *_: None
+else:
+    from ctypes import byref, Structure, c_char, POINTER
+
+    COORD = wintypes._COORD
+
+    class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO(Structure):
+        """struct in wincon.h."""
+        _fields_ = [
+            ("dwSize", COORD),
+            ("dwCursorPosition", COORD),
+            ("wAttributes", wintypes.WORD),
+            ("srWindow", wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+            ("dwMaximumWindowSize", COORD),
+        ]
+        def __str__(self):
+            return '(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d)' % (
+                self.dwSize.Y, self.dwSize.X
+                , self.dwCursorPosition.Y, self.dwCursorPosition.X
+                , self.wAttributes
+                , self.srWindow.Top, self.srWindow.Left, self.srWindow.Bottom, self.srWindow.Right
+                , self.dwMaximumWindowSize.Y, self.dwMaximumWindowSize.X
+            )
+
+    _GetStdHandle = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle
+    _GetStdHandle.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+    ]
+    _GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        POINTER(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO),
+    ]
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.WORD,
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        COORD,
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleCursorPosition.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterA
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        c_char,
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+        COORD,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+    ]
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.WORD,
+        wintypes.DWORD,
+        COORD,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+    ]
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleTitleW = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW
+    _SetConsoleTitleW.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.LPCWSTR
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleTitleW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _GetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+    _GetConsoleMode.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
+    ]
+    _GetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    _SetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleMode
+    _SetConsoleMode.argtypes = [
+        wintypes.HANDLE,
+        wintypes.DWORD
+    ]
+    _SetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+    def _winapi_test(handle):
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+        success = _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+            handle, byref(csbi))
+        return bool(success)
+
+    def winapi_test():
+        return any(_winapi_test(h) for h in
+                   (_GetStdHandle(STDOUT), _GetStdHandle(STDERR)))
+
+    def GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stream_id=STDOUT):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+        success = _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+            handle, byref(csbi))
+        return csbi
+
+    def SetConsoleTextAttribute(stream_id, attrs):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        return _SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, attrs)
+
+    def SetConsoleCursorPosition(stream_id, position, adjust=True):
+        position = COORD(*position)
+        # If the position is out of range, do nothing.
+        if position.Y <= 0 or position.X <= 0:
+            return
+        # Adjust for Windows' SetConsoleCursorPosition:
+        #    1. being 0-based, while ANSI is 1-based.
+        #    2. expecting (x,y), while ANSI uses (y,x).
+        adjusted_position = COORD(position.Y - 1, position.X - 1)
+        if adjust:
+            # Adjust for viewport's scroll position
+            sr = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(STDOUT).srWindow
+            adjusted_position.Y += sr.Top
+            adjusted_position.X += sr.Left
+        # Resume normal processing
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        return _SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, adjusted_position)
+
+    def FillConsoleOutputCharacter(stream_id, char, length, start):
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        char = c_char(char.encode())
+        length = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+        num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+        # Note that this is hard-coded for ANSI (vs wide) bytes.
+        success = _FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(
+            handle, char, length, start, byref(num_written))
+        return num_written.value
+
+    def FillConsoleOutputAttribute(stream_id, attr, length, start):
+        ''' FillConsoleOutputAttribute( hConsole, csbi.wAttributes, dwConSize, coordScreen, &cCharsWritten )'''
+        handle = _GetStdHandle(stream_id)
+        attribute = wintypes.WORD(attr)
+        length = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+        num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+        # Note that this is hard-coded for ANSI (vs wide) bytes.
+        return _FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            handle, attribute, length, start, byref(num_written))
+
+    def SetConsoleTitle(title):
+        return _SetConsoleTitleW(title)
+
+    def GetConsoleMode(handle):
+        mode = wintypes.DWORD()
+        success = _GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(mode))
+        if not success:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
+        return mode.value
+
+    def SetConsoleMode(handle, mode):
+        success = _SetConsoleMode(handle, mode)
+        if not success:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/winterm.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/winterm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aad867e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/colorama/winterm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+# Copyright Jonathan Hartley 2013. BSD 3-Clause license, see LICENSE file.
+try:
+    from msvcrt import get_osfhandle
+except ImportError:
+    def get_osfhandle(_):
+        raise OSError("This isn't windows!")
+
+
+from . import win32
+
+# from wincon.h
+class WinColor(object):
+    BLACK   = 0
+    BLUE    = 1
+    GREEN   = 2
+    CYAN    = 3
+    RED     = 4
+    MAGENTA = 5
+    YELLOW  = 6
+    GREY    = 7
+
+# from wincon.h
+class WinStyle(object):
+    NORMAL              = 0x00 # dim text, dim background
+    BRIGHT              = 0x08 # bright text, dim background
+    BRIGHT_BACKGROUND   = 0x80 # dim text, bright background
+
+class WinTerm(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._default = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(win32.STDOUT).wAttributes
+        self.set_attrs(self._default)
+        self._default_fore = self._fore
+        self._default_back = self._back
+        self._default_style = self._style
+        # In order to emulate LIGHT_EX in windows, we borrow the BRIGHT style.
+        # So that LIGHT_EX colors and BRIGHT style do not clobber each other,
+        # we track them separately, since LIGHT_EX is overwritten by Fore/Back
+        # and BRIGHT is overwritten by Style codes.
+        self._light = 0
+
+    def get_attrs(self):
+        return self._fore + self._back * 16 + (self._style | self._light)
+
+    def set_attrs(self, value):
+        self._fore = value & 7
+        self._back = (value >> 4) & 7
+        self._style = value & (WinStyle.BRIGHT | WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND)
+
+    def reset_all(self, on_stderr=None):
+        self.set_attrs(self._default)
+        self.set_console(attrs=self._default)
+        self._light = 0
+
+    def fore(self, fore=None, light=False, on_stderr=False):
+        if fore is None:
+            fore = self._default_fore
+        self._fore = fore
+        # Emulate LIGHT_EX with BRIGHT Style
+        if light:
+            self._light |= WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        else:
+            self._light &= ~WinStyle.BRIGHT
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def back(self, back=None, light=False, on_stderr=False):
+        if back is None:
+            back = self._default_back
+        self._back = back
+        # Emulate LIGHT_EX with BRIGHT_BACKGROUND Style
+        if light:
+            self._light |= WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND
+        else:
+            self._light &= ~WinStyle.BRIGHT_BACKGROUND
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def style(self, style=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if style is None:
+            style = self._default_style
+        self._style = style
+        self.set_console(on_stderr=on_stderr)
+
+    def set_console(self, attrs=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if attrs is None:
+            attrs = self.get_attrs()
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        win32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, attrs)
+
+    def get_position(self, handle):
+        position = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle).dwCursorPosition
+        # Because Windows coordinates are 0-based,
+        # and win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition expects 1-based.
+        position.X += 1
+        position.Y += 1
+        return position
+
+    def set_cursor_position(self, position=None, on_stderr=False):
+        if position is None:
+            # I'm not currently tracking the position, so there is no default.
+            # position = self.get_position()
+            return
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, position)
+
+    def cursor_adjust(self, x, y, on_stderr=False):
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        position = self.get_position(handle)
+        adjusted_position = (position.Y + y, position.X + x)
+        win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, adjusted_position, adjust=False)
+
+    def erase_screen(self, mode=0, on_stderr=False):
+        # 0 should clear from the cursor to the end of the screen.
+        # 1 should clear from the cursor to the beginning of the screen.
+        # 2 should clear the entire screen, and move cursor to (1,1)
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        csbi = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle)
+        # get the number of character cells in the current buffer
+        cells_in_screen = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y
+        # get number of character cells before current cursor position
+        cells_before_cursor = csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y + csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        if mode == 0:
+            from_coord = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+            cells_to_erase = cells_in_screen - cells_before_cursor
+        elif mode == 1:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, 0)
+            cells_to_erase = cells_before_cursor
+        elif mode == 2:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, 0)
+            cells_to_erase = cells_in_screen
+        else:
+            # invalid mode
+            return
+        # fill the entire screen with blanks
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputCharacter(handle, ' ', cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        # now set the buffer's attributes accordingly
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute(handle, self.get_attrs(), cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        if mode == 2:
+            # put the cursor where needed
+            win32.SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, (1, 1))
+
+    def erase_line(self, mode=0, on_stderr=False):
+        # 0 should clear from the cursor to the end of the line.
+        # 1 should clear from the cursor to the beginning of the line.
+        # 2 should clear the entire line.
+        handle = win32.STDOUT
+        if on_stderr:
+            handle = win32.STDERR
+        csbi = win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle)
+        if mode == 0:
+            from_coord = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwSize.X - csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        elif mode == 1:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y)
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwCursorPosition.X
+        elif mode == 2:
+            from_coord = win32.COORD(0, csbi.dwCursorPosition.Y)
+            cells_to_erase = csbi.dwSize.X
+        else:
+            # invalid mode
+            return
+        # fill the entire screen with blanks
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputCharacter(handle, ' ', cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+        # now set the buffer's attributes accordingly
+        win32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute(handle, self.get_attrs(), cells_to_erase, from_coord)
+
+    def set_title(self, title):
+        win32.SetConsoleTitle(title)
+
+
+def enable_vt_processing(fd):
+    if win32.windll is None or not win32.winapi_test():
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        handle = get_osfhandle(fd)
+        mode = win32.GetConsoleMode(handle)
+        win32.SetConsoleMode(
+            handle,
+            mode | win32.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+        )
+
+        mode = win32.GetConsoleMode(handle)
+        if mode & win32.ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING:
+            return True
+    # Can get TypeError in testsuite where 'fd' is a Mock()
+    except (OSError, TypeError):
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e999438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import logging
+
+__version__ = '0.3.8'
+
+
+class DistlibException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+try:
+    from logging import NullHandler
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
+
+        def handle(self, record):
+            pass
+
+        def emit(self, record):
+            pass
+
+        def createLock(self):
+            self.lock = None
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+logger.addHandler(NullHandler())
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e93dc27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1138 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    ssl = None
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:  # pragma: no cover
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    string_types = basestring,
+    text_type = unicode
+    from types import FileType as file_type
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+    import ConfigParser as configparser
+    from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, urlsplit, urlunsplit
+    from urllib import (urlretrieve, quote as _quote, unquote, url2pathname,
+                        pathname2url, ContentTooShortError, splittype)
+
+    def quote(s):
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            s = s.encode('utf-8')
+        return _quote(s)
+
+    import urllib2
+    from urllib2 import (Request, urlopen, URLError, HTTPError,
+                         HTTPBasicAuthHandler, HTTPPasswordMgr, HTTPHandler,
+                         HTTPRedirectHandler, build_opener)
+    if ssl:
+        from urllib2 import HTTPSHandler
+    import httplib
+    import xmlrpclib
+    import Queue as queue
+    from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
+    import htmlentitydefs
+    raw_input = raw_input
+    from itertools import ifilter as filter
+    from itertools import ifilterfalse as filterfalse
+
+    # Leaving this around for now, in case it needs resurrecting in some way
+    # _userprog = None
+    # def splituser(host):
+    # """splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
+    # global _userprog
+    # if _userprog is None:
+    # import re
+    # _userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
+
+    # match = _userprog.match(host)
+    # if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    # return None, host
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from io import StringIO
+    string_types = str,
+    text_type = str
+    from io import TextIOWrapper as file_type
+    import builtins
+    import configparser
+    from urllib.parse import (urlparse, urlunparse, urljoin, quote, unquote,
+                              urlsplit, urlunsplit, splittype)
+    from urllib.request import (urlopen, urlretrieve, Request, url2pathname,
+                                pathname2url, HTTPBasicAuthHandler,
+                                HTTPPasswordMgr, HTTPHandler,
+                                HTTPRedirectHandler, build_opener)
+    if ssl:
+        from urllib.request import HTTPSHandler
+    from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError, ContentTooShortError
+    import http.client as httplib
+    import urllib.request as urllib2
+    import xmlrpc.client as xmlrpclib
+    import queue
+    from html.parser import HTMLParser
+    import html.entities as htmlentitydefs
+    raw_input = input
+    from itertools import filterfalse
+    filter = filter
+
+try:
+    from ssl import match_hostname, CertificateError
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class CertificateError(ValueError):
+        pass
+
+    def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
+        """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
+
+        http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
+        """
+        pats = []
+        if not dn:
+            return False
+
+        parts = dn.split('.')
+        leftmost, remainder = parts[0], parts[1:]
+
+        wildcards = leftmost.count('*')
+        if wildcards > max_wildcards:
+            # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
+            # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
+            # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
+            # reasonable choice.
+            raise CertificateError(
+                "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn))
+
+        # speed up common case w/o wildcards
+        if not wildcards:
+            return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
+
+        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
+        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
+        # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
+        if leftmost == '*':
+            # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
+            # fragment.
+            pats.append('[^.]+')
+        elif leftmost.startswith('xn--') or hostname.startswith('xn--'):
+            # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
+            # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
+            # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
+            # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
+            pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
+            pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r'\*', '[^.]*'))
+
+        # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
+        for frag in remainder:
+            pats.append(re.escape(frag))
+
+        pat = re.compile(r'\A' + r'\.'.join(pats) + r'\Z', re.IGNORECASE)
+        return pat.match(hostname)
+
+    def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
+        """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
+        SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
+        rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
+
+        CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
+        returns nothing.
+        """
+        if not cert:
+            raise ValueError("empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+                             "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+                             "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
+        dnsnames = []
+        san = cert.get('subjectAltName', ())
+        for key, value in san:
+            if key == 'DNS':
+                if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                    return
+                dnsnames.append(value)
+        if not dnsnames:
+            # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
+            # in subjectAltName
+            for sub in cert.get('subject', ()):
+                for key, value in sub:
+                    # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
+                    # must be used.
+                    if key == 'commonName':
+                        if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                            return
+                        dnsnames.append(value)
+        if len(dnsnames) > 1:
+            raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
+                                   "doesn't match either of %s" %
+                                   (hostname, ', '.join(map(repr, dnsnames))))
+        elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
+            raise CertificateError("hostname %r "
+                                   "doesn't match %r" %
+                                   (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+        else:
+            raise CertificateError("no appropriate commonName or "
+                                   "subjectAltName fields were found")
+
+
+try:
+    from types import SimpleNamespace as Container
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class Container(object):
+        """
+        A generic container for when multiple values need to be returned
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from shutil import which
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Implementation from Python 3.3
+    def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
+        """Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
+        conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
+        file.
+
+        `mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
+        of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
+        path.
+
+        """
+
+        # Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
+        # Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
+        # directories pass the os.access check.
+        def _access_check(fn, mode):
+            return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
+                    and not os.path.isdir(fn))
+
+        # If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
+        # than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
+        # current directory, e.g. ./script
+        if os.path.dirname(cmd):
+            if _access_check(cmd, mode):
+                return cmd
+            return None
+
+        if path is None:
+            path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
+        if not path:
+            return None
+        path = path.split(os.pathsep)
+
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            # The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
+            if os.curdir not in path:
+                path.insert(0, os.curdir)
+
+            # PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
+            pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
+            # See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
+            # This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
+            # If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
+            # others.
+            if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
+                files = [cmd]
+            else:
+                files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
+        else:
+            # On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
+            # what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
+            files = [cmd]
+
+        seen = set()
+        for dir in path:
+            normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
+            if normdir not in seen:
+                seen.add(normdir)
+                for thefile in files:
+                    name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
+                    if _access_check(name, mode):
+                        return name
+        return None
+
+
+# ZipFile is a context manager in 2.7, but not in 2.6
+
+from zipfile import ZipFile as BaseZipFile
+
+if hasattr(BaseZipFile, '__enter__'):  # pragma: no cover
+    ZipFile = BaseZipFile
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from zipfile import ZipExtFile as BaseZipExtFile
+
+    class ZipExtFile(BaseZipExtFile):
+
+        def __init__(self, base):
+            self.__dict__.update(base.__dict__)
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+            self.close()
+            # return None, so if an exception occurred, it will propagate
+
+    class ZipFile(BaseZipFile):
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+            self.close()
+            # return None, so if an exception occurred, it will propagate
+
+        def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            base = BaseZipFile.open(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            return ZipExtFile(base)
+
+
+try:
+    from platform import python_implementation
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def python_implementation():
+        """Return a string identifying the Python implementation."""
+        if 'PyPy' in sys.version:
+            return 'PyPy'
+        if os.name == 'java':
+            return 'Jython'
+        if sys.version.startswith('IronPython'):
+            return 'IronPython'
+        return 'CPython'
+
+
+import sysconfig
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+    def callable(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, Callable)
+
+
+try:
+    fsencode = os.fsencode
+    fsdecode = os.fsdecode
+except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Issue #99: on some systems (e.g. containerised),
+    # sys.getfilesystemencoding() returns None, and we need a real value,
+    # so fall back to utf-8. From the CPython 2.7 docs relating to Unix and
+    # sys.getfilesystemencoding(): the return value is "the user’s preference
+    # according to the result of nl_langinfo(CODESET), or None if the
+    # nl_langinfo(CODESET) failed."
+    _fsencoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or 'utf-8'
+    if _fsencoding == 'mbcs':
+        _fserrors = 'strict'
+    else:
+        _fserrors = 'surrogateescape'
+
+    def fsencode(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename
+        elif isinstance(filename, text_type):
+            return filename.encode(_fsencoding, _fserrors)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" %
+                            type(filename).__name__)
+
+    def fsdecode(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, text_type):
+            return filename
+        elif isinstance(filename, bytes):
+            return filename.decode(_fsencoding, _fserrors)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" %
+                            type(filename).__name__)
+
+
+try:
+    from tokenize import detect_encoding
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from codecs import BOM_UTF8, lookup
+
+    cookie_re = re.compile(r"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")
+
+    def _get_normal_name(orig_enc):
+        """Imitates get_normal_name in tokenizer.c."""
+        # Only care about the first 12 characters.
+        enc = orig_enc[:12].lower().replace("_", "-")
+        if enc == "utf-8" or enc.startswith("utf-8-"):
+            return "utf-8"
+        if enc in ("latin-1", "iso-8859-1", "iso-latin-1") or \
+           enc.startswith(("latin-1-", "iso-8859-1-", "iso-latin-1-")):
+            return "iso-8859-1"
+        return orig_enc
+
+    def detect_encoding(readline):
+        """
+        The detect_encoding() function is used to detect the encoding that should
+        be used to decode a Python source file.  It requires one argument, readline,
+        in the same way as the tokenize() generator.
+
+        It will call readline a maximum of twice, and return the encoding used
+        (as a string) and a list of any lines (left as bytes) it has read in.
+
+        It detects the encoding from the presence of a utf-8 bom or an encoding
+        cookie as specified in pep-0263.  If both a bom and a cookie are present,
+        but disagree, a SyntaxError will be raised.  If the encoding cookie is an
+        invalid charset, raise a SyntaxError.  Note that if a utf-8 bom is found,
+        'utf-8-sig' is returned.
+
+        If no encoding is specified, then the default of 'utf-8' will be returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            filename = readline.__self__.name
+        except AttributeError:
+            filename = None
+        bom_found = False
+        encoding = None
+        default = 'utf-8'
+
+        def read_or_stop():
+            try:
+                return readline()
+            except StopIteration:
+                return b''
+
+        def find_cookie(line):
+            try:
+                # Decode as UTF-8. Either the line is an encoding declaration,
+                # in which case it should be pure ASCII, or it must be UTF-8
+                # per default encoding.
+                line_string = line.decode('utf-8')
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                msg = "invalid or missing encoding declaration"
+                if filename is not None:
+                    msg = '{} for {!r}'.format(msg, filename)
+                raise SyntaxError(msg)
+
+            matches = cookie_re.findall(line_string)
+            if not matches:
+                return None
+            encoding = _get_normal_name(matches[0])
+            try:
+                codec = lookup(encoding)
+            except LookupError:
+                # This behaviour mimics the Python interpreter
+                if filename is None:
+                    msg = "unknown encoding: " + encoding
+                else:
+                    msg = "unknown encoding for {!r}: {}".format(
+                        filename, encoding)
+                raise SyntaxError(msg)
+
+            if bom_found:
+                if codec.name != 'utf-8':
+                    # This behaviour mimics the Python interpreter
+                    if filename is None:
+                        msg = 'encoding problem: utf-8'
+                    else:
+                        msg = 'encoding problem for {!r}: utf-8'.format(
+                            filename)
+                    raise SyntaxError(msg)
+                encoding += '-sig'
+            return encoding
+
+        first = read_or_stop()
+        if first.startswith(BOM_UTF8):
+            bom_found = True
+            first = first[3:]
+            default = 'utf-8-sig'
+        if not first:
+            return default, []
+
+        encoding = find_cookie(first)
+        if encoding:
+            return encoding, [first]
+
+        second = read_or_stop()
+        if not second:
+            return default, [first]
+
+        encoding = find_cookie(second)
+        if encoding:
+            return encoding, [first, second]
+
+        return default, [first, second]
+
+
+# For converting & <-> &amp; etc.
+try:
+    from html import escape
+except ImportError:
+    from cgi import escape
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 4):
+    unescape = HTMLParser().unescape
+else:
+    from html import unescape
+
+try:
+    from collections import ChainMap
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from collections import MutableMapping
+
+    try:
+        from reprlib import recursive_repr as _recursive_repr
+    except ImportError:
+
+        def _recursive_repr(fillvalue='...'):
+            '''
+            Decorator to make a repr function return fillvalue for a recursive
+            call
+            '''
+
+            def decorating_function(user_function):
+                repr_running = set()
+
+                def wrapper(self):
+                    key = id(self), get_ident()
+                    if key in repr_running:
+                        return fillvalue
+                    repr_running.add(key)
+                    try:
+                        result = user_function(self)
+                    finally:
+                        repr_running.discard(key)
+                    return result
+
+                # Can't use functools.wraps() here because of bootstrap issues
+                wrapper.__module__ = getattr(user_function, '__module__')
+                wrapper.__doc__ = getattr(user_function, '__doc__')
+                wrapper.__name__ = getattr(user_function, '__name__')
+                wrapper.__annotations__ = getattr(user_function,
+                                                  '__annotations__', {})
+                return wrapper
+
+            return decorating_function
+
+    class ChainMap(MutableMapping):
+        '''
+        A ChainMap groups multiple dicts (or other mappings) together
+        to create a single, updateable view.
+
+        The underlying mappings are stored in a list.  That list is public and can
+        accessed or updated using the *maps* attribute.  There is no other state.
+
+        Lookups search the underlying mappings successively until a key is found.
+        In contrast, writes, updates, and deletions only operate on the first
+        mapping.
+        '''
+
+        def __init__(self, *maps):
+            '''Initialize a ChainMap by setting *maps* to the given mappings.
+            If no mappings are provided, a single empty dictionary is used.
+
+            '''
+            self.maps = list(maps) or [{}]  # always at least one map
+
+        def __missing__(self, key):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                try:
+                    return mapping[
+                        key]  # can't use 'key in mapping' with defaultdict
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            return self.__missing__(
+                key)  # support subclasses that define __missing__
+
+        def get(self, key, default=None):
+            return self[key] if key in self else default
+
+        def __len__(self):
+            return len(set().union(
+                *self.maps))  # reuses stored hash values if possible
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return iter(set().union(*self.maps))
+
+        def __contains__(self, key):
+            return any(key in m for m in self.maps)
+
+        def __bool__(self):
+            return any(self.maps)
+
+        @_recursive_repr()
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return '{0.__class__.__name__}({1})'.format(
+                self, ', '.join(map(repr, self.maps)))
+
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, *args):
+            'Create a ChainMap with a single dict created from the iterable.'
+            return cls(dict.fromkeys(iterable, *args))
+
+        def copy(self):
+            'New ChainMap or subclass with a new copy of maps[0] and refs to maps[1:]'
+            return self.__class__(self.maps[0].copy(), *self.maps[1:])
+
+        __copy__ = copy
+
+        def new_child(self):  # like Django's Context.push()
+            'New ChainMap with a new dict followed by all previous maps.'
+            return self.__class__({}, *self.maps)
+
+        @property
+        def parents(self):  # like Django's Context.pop()
+            'New ChainMap from maps[1:].'
+            return self.__class__(*self.maps[1:])
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+            self.maps[0][key] = value
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key):
+            try:
+                del self.maps[0][key]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    'Key not found in the first mapping: {!r}'.format(key))
+
+        def popitem(self):
+            'Remove and return an item pair from maps[0]. Raise KeyError is maps[0] is empty.'
+            try:
+                return self.maps[0].popitem()
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError('No keys found in the first mapping.')
+
+        def pop(self, key, *args):
+            'Remove *key* from maps[0] and return its value. Raise KeyError if *key* not in maps[0].'
+            try:
+                return self.maps[0].pop(key, *args)
+            except KeyError:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    'Key not found in the first mapping: {!r}'.format(key))
+
+        def clear(self):
+            'Clear maps[0], leaving maps[1:] intact.'
+            self.maps[0].clear()
+
+
+try:
+    from importlib.util import cache_from_source  # Python >= 3.4
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def cache_from_source(path, debug_override=None):
+        assert path.endswith('.py')
+        if debug_override is None:
+            debug_override = __debug__
+        if debug_override:
+            suffix = 'c'
+        else:
+            suffix = 'o'
+        return path + suffix
+
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/ (r9)
+    # Backport of OrderedDict() class that runs on Python 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 and pypy.
+    # Passes Python2.7's test suite and incorporates all the latest updates.
+    try:
+        from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+
+    try:
+        from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    class OrderedDict(dict):
+        'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
+
+        # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
+        # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
+        # The remaining methods are order-aware.
+        # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular dictionaries.
+
+        # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
+        # The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
+        # The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
+        # Each link is stored as a list of length three:  [PREV, NEXT, KEY].
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  Signature is the same as for
+            regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
+            because their insertion order is arbitrary.
+
+            '''
+            if len(args) > 1:
+                raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' %
+                                len(args))
+            try:
+                self.__root
+            except AttributeError:
+                self.__root = root = []  # sentinel node
+                root[:] = [root, root, None]
+                self.__map = {}
+            self.__update(*args, **kwds)
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
+            'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
+            # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the linked
+            # list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
+            if key not in self:
+                root = self.__root
+                last = root[0]
+                last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
+            dict_setitem(self, key, value)
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
+            'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
+            # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
+            # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
+            dict_delitem(self, key)
+            link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
+            link_prev[1] = link_next
+            link_next[0] = link_prev
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
+            root = self.__root
+            curr = root[1]
+            while curr is not root:
+                yield curr[2]
+                curr = curr[1]
+
+        def __reversed__(self):
+            'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
+            root = self.__root
+            curr = root[0]
+            while curr is not root:
+                yield curr[2]
+                curr = curr[0]
+
+        def clear(self):
+            'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
+            try:
+                for node in self.__map.itervalues():
+                    del node[:]
+                root = self.__root
+                root[:] = [root, root, None]
+                self.__map.clear()
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            dict.clear(self)
+
+        def popitem(self, last=True):
+            '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
+            Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
+
+            '''
+            if not self:
+                raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
+            root = self.__root
+            if last:
+                link = root[0]
+                link_prev = link[0]
+                link_prev[1] = root
+                root[0] = link_prev
+            else:
+                link = root[1]
+                link_next = link[1]
+                root[1] = link_next
+                link_next[0] = root
+            key = link[2]
+            del self.__map[key]
+            value = dict.pop(self, key)
+            return key, value
+
+        # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
+
+        def keys(self):
+            'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
+            return list(self)
+
+        def values(self):
+            'od.values() -> list of values in od'
+            return [self[key] for key in self]
+
+        def items(self):
+            'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
+            return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
+
+        def iterkeys(self):
+            'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
+            return iter(self)
+
+        def itervalues(self):
+            'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
+            for k in self:
+                yield self[k]
+
+        def iteritems(self):
+            'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
+            for k in self:
+                yield (k, self[k])
+
+        def update(*args, **kwds):
+            '''od.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
+
+            If E is a dict instance, does:           for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
+            If E has a .keys() method, does:         for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
+            Or if E is an iterable of items, does:   for k, v in E: od[k] = v
+            In either case, this is followed by:     for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
+
+            '''
+            if len(args) > 2:
+                raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
+                                'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args), ))
+            elif not args:
+                raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
+            self = args[0]
+            # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
+            other = ()
+            if len(args) == 2:
+                other = args[1]
+            if isinstance(other, dict):
+                for key in other:
+                    self[key] = other[key]
+            elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+                for key in other.keys():
+                    self[key] = other[key]
+            else:
+                for key, value in other:
+                    self[key] = value
+            for key, value in kwds.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+        __update = update  # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
+
+        __marker = object()
+
+        def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+            '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+            If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+
+            '''
+            if key in self:
+                result = self[key]
+                del self[key]
+                return result
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+            return default
+
+        def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+            'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
+            if key in self:
+                return self[key]
+            self[key] = default
+            return default
+
+        def __repr__(self, _repr_running=None):
+            'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
+            if not _repr_running:
+                _repr_running = {}
+            call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
+            if call_key in _repr_running:
+                return '...'
+            _repr_running[call_key] = 1
+            try:
+                if not self:
+                    return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__, )
+                return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.items())
+            finally:
+                del _repr_running[call_key]
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            'Return state information for pickling'
+            items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
+            inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
+            for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
+                inst_dict.pop(k, None)
+            if inst_dict:
+                return (self.__class__, (items, ), inst_dict)
+            return self.__class__, (items, )
+
+        def copy(self):
+            'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
+            return self.__class__(self)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
+            '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S
+            and values equal to v (which defaults to None).
+
+            '''
+            d = cls()
+            for key in iterable:
+                d[key] = value
+            return d
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
+            while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
+
+            '''
+            if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
+                return len(self) == len(
+                    other) and self.items() == other.items()
+            return dict.__eq__(self, other)
+
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return not self == other
+
+        # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
+
+        def viewkeys(self):
+            "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
+            return KeysView(self)
+
+        def viewvalues(self):
+            "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
+            return ValuesView(self)
+
+        def viewitems(self):
+            "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
+            return ItemsView(self)
+
+
+try:
+    from logging.config import BaseConfigurator, valid_ident
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    IDENTIFIER = re.compile('^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$', re.I)
+
+    def valid_ident(s):
+        m = IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+        if not m:
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid Python identifier: %r' % s)
+        return True
+
+    # The ConvertingXXX classes are wrappers around standard Python containers,
+    # and they serve to convert any suitable values in the container. The
+    # conversion converts base dicts, lists and tuples to their wrapped
+    # equivalents, whereas strings which match a conversion format are converted
+    # appropriately.
+    #
+    # Each wrapper should have a configurator attribute holding the actual
+    # configurator to use for conversion.
+
+    class ConvertingDict(dict):
+        """A converting dictionary wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = dict.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+        def get(self, key, default=None):
+            value = dict.get(self, key, default)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=None):
+        value = dict.pop(self, key, default)
+        result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+        if value is not result:
+            if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                ConvertingTuple):
+                result.parent = self
+                result.key = key
+        return result
+
+    class ConvertingList(list):
+        """A converting list wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = list.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            # If the converted value is different, save for next time
+            if value is not result:
+                self[key] = result
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+        def pop(self, idx=-1):
+            value = list.pop(self, idx)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            if value is not result:
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+            return result
+
+    class ConvertingTuple(tuple):
+        """A converting tuple wrapper."""
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            value = tuple.__getitem__(self, key)
+            result = self.configurator.convert(value)
+            if value is not result:
+                if type(result) in (ConvertingDict, ConvertingList,
+                                    ConvertingTuple):
+                    result.parent = self
+                    result.key = key
+            return result
+
+    class BaseConfigurator(object):
+        """
+        The configurator base class which defines some useful defaults.
+        """
+
+        CONVERT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^(?P<prefix>[a-z]+)://(?P<suffix>.*)$')
+
+        WORD_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\s*(\w+)\s*')
+        DOT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\.\s*(\w+)\s*')
+        INDEX_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\[\s*(\w+)\s*\]\s*')
+        DIGIT_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^\d+$')
+
+        value_converters = {
+            'ext': 'ext_convert',
+            'cfg': 'cfg_convert',
+        }
+
+        # We might want to use a different one, e.g. importlib
+        importer = staticmethod(__import__)
+
+        def __init__(self, config):
+            self.config = ConvertingDict(config)
+            self.config.configurator = self
+
+        def resolve(self, s):
+            """
+            Resolve strings to objects using standard import and attribute
+            syntax.
+            """
+            name = s.split('.')
+            used = name.pop(0)
+            try:
+                found = self.importer(used)
+                for frag in name:
+                    used += '.' + frag
+                    try:
+                        found = getattr(found, frag)
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        self.importer(used)
+                        found = getattr(found, frag)
+                return found
+            except ImportError:
+                e, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:]
+                v = ValueError('Cannot resolve %r: %s' % (s, e))
+                v.__cause__, v.__traceback__ = e, tb
+                raise v
+
+        def ext_convert(self, value):
+            """Default converter for the ext:// protocol."""
+            return self.resolve(value)
+
+        def cfg_convert(self, value):
+            """Default converter for the cfg:// protocol."""
+            rest = value
+            m = self.WORD_PATTERN.match(rest)
+            if m is None:
+                raise ValueError("Unable to convert %r" % value)
+            else:
+                rest = rest[m.end():]
+                d = self.config[m.groups()[0]]
+                while rest:
+                    m = self.DOT_PATTERN.match(rest)
+                    if m:
+                        d = d[m.groups()[0]]
+                    else:
+                        m = self.INDEX_PATTERN.match(rest)
+                        if m:
+                            idx = m.groups()[0]
+                            if not self.DIGIT_PATTERN.match(idx):
+                                d = d[idx]
+                            else:
+                                try:
+                                    n = int(
+                                        idx
+                                    )  # try as number first (most likely)
+                                    d = d[n]
+                                except TypeError:
+                                    d = d[idx]
+                    if m:
+                        rest = rest[m.end():]
+                    else:
+                        raise ValueError('Unable to convert '
+                                         '%r at %r' % (value, rest))
+            # rest should be empty
+            return d
+
+        def convert(self, value):
+            """
+            Convert values to an appropriate type. dicts, lists and tuples are
+            replaced by their converting alternatives. Strings are checked to
+            see if they have a conversion format and are converted if they do.
+            """
+            if not isinstance(value, ConvertingDict) and isinstance(
+                    value, dict):
+                value = ConvertingDict(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif not isinstance(value, ConvertingList) and isinstance(
+                    value, list):
+                value = ConvertingList(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif not isinstance(value, ConvertingTuple) and isinstance(value, tuple):
+                value = ConvertingTuple(value)
+                value.configurator = self
+            elif isinstance(value, string_types):
+                m = self.CONVERT_PATTERN.match(value)
+                if m:
+                    d = m.groupdict()
+                    prefix = d['prefix']
+                    converter = self.value_converters.get(prefix, None)
+                    if converter:
+                        suffix = d['suffix']
+                        converter = getattr(self, converter)
+                        value = converter(suffix)
+            return value
+
+        def configure_custom(self, config):
+            """Configure an object with a user-supplied factory."""
+            c = config.pop('()')
+            if not callable(c):
+                c = self.resolve(c)
+            props = config.pop('.', None)
+            # Check for valid identifiers
+            kwargs = dict([(k, config[k]) for k in config if valid_ident(k)])
+            result = c(**kwargs)
+            if props:
+                for name, value in props.items():
+                    setattr(result, name, value)
+            return result
+
+        def as_tuple(self, value):
+            """Utility function which converts lists to tuples."""
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                value = tuple(value)
+            return value
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb3765f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1359 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""PEP 376 implementation."""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import sys
+import zipimport
+
+from . import DistlibException, resources
+from .compat import StringIO
+from .version import get_scheme, UnsupportedVersionError
+from .metadata import (Metadata, METADATA_FILENAME, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME,
+                       LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+from .util import (parse_requirement, cached_property, parse_name_and_version,
+                   read_exports, write_exports, CSVReader, CSVWriter)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Distribution', 'BaseInstalledDistribution', 'InstalledDistribution',
+    'EggInfoDistribution', 'DistributionPath'
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+EXPORTS_FILENAME = 'pydist-exports.json'
+COMMANDS_FILENAME = 'pydist-commands.json'
+
+DIST_FILES = ('INSTALLER', METADATA_FILENAME, 'RECORD', 'REQUESTED',
+              'RESOURCES', EXPORTS_FILENAME, 'SHARED')
+
+DISTINFO_EXT = '.dist-info'
+
+
+class _Cache(object):
+    """
+    A simple cache mapping names and .dist-info paths to distributions
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance. There is normally one for each DistributionPath.
+        """
+        self.name = {}
+        self.path = {}
+        self.generated = False
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear the cache, setting it to its initial state.
+        """
+        self.name.clear()
+        self.path.clear()
+        self.generated = False
+
+    def add(self, dist):
+        """
+        Add a distribution to the cache.
+        :param dist: The distribution to add.
+        """
+        if dist.path not in self.path:
+            self.path[dist.path] = dist
+            self.name.setdefault(dist.key, []).append(dist)
+
+
+class DistributionPath(object):
+    """
+    Represents a set of distributions installed on a path (typically sys.path).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, include_egg=False):
+        """
+        Create an instance from a path, optionally including legacy (distutils/
+        setuptools/distribute) distributions.
+        :param path: The path to use, as a list of directories. If not specified,
+                     sys.path is used.
+        :param include_egg: If True, this instance will look for and return legacy
+                            distributions as well as those based on PEP 376.
+        """
+        if path is None:
+            path = sys.path
+        self.path = path
+        self._include_dist = True
+        self._include_egg = include_egg
+
+        self._cache = _Cache()
+        self._cache_egg = _Cache()
+        self._cache_enabled = True
+        self._scheme = get_scheme('default')
+
+    def _get_cache_enabled(self):
+        return self._cache_enabled
+
+    def _set_cache_enabled(self, value):
+        self._cache_enabled = value
+
+    cache_enabled = property(_get_cache_enabled, _set_cache_enabled)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        """
+        Clears the internal cache.
+        """
+        self._cache.clear()
+        self._cache_egg.clear()
+
+    def _yield_distributions(self):
+        """
+        Yield .dist-info and/or .egg(-info) distributions.
+        """
+        # We need to check if we've seen some resources already, because on
+        # some Linux systems (e.g. some Debian/Ubuntu variants) there are
+        # symlinks which alias other files in the environment.
+        seen = set()
+        for path in self.path:
+            finder = resources.finder_for_path(path)
+            if finder is None:
+                continue
+            r = finder.find('')
+            if not r or not r.is_container:
+                continue
+            rset = sorted(r.resources)
+            for entry in rset:
+                r = finder.find(entry)
+                if not r or r.path in seen:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    if self._include_dist and entry.endswith(DISTINFO_EXT):
+                        possible_filenames = [
+                            METADATA_FILENAME, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME,
+                            LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
+                        ]
+                        for metadata_filename in possible_filenames:
+                            metadata_path = posixpath.join(
+                                entry, metadata_filename)
+                            pydist = finder.find(metadata_path)
+                            if pydist:
+                                break
+                        else:
+                            continue
+
+                        with contextlib.closing(pydist.as_stream()) as stream:
+                            metadata = Metadata(fileobj=stream,
+                                                scheme='legacy')
+                        logger.debug('Found %s', r.path)
+                        seen.add(r.path)
+                        yield new_dist_class(r.path,
+                                             metadata=metadata,
+                                             env=self)
+                    elif self._include_egg and entry.endswith(
+                            ('.egg-info', '.egg')):
+                        logger.debug('Found %s', r.path)
+                        seen.add(r.path)
+                        yield old_dist_class(r.path, self)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    msg = 'Unable to read distribution at %s, perhaps due to bad metadata: %s'
+                    logger.warning(msg, r.path, e)
+                    import warnings
+                    warnings.warn(msg % (r.path, e), stacklevel=2)
+
+    def _generate_cache(self):
+        """
+        Scan the path for distributions and populate the cache with
+        those that are found.
+        """
+        gen_dist = not self._cache.generated
+        gen_egg = self._include_egg and not self._cache_egg.generated
+        if gen_dist or gen_egg:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                if isinstance(dist, InstalledDistribution):
+                    self._cache.add(dist)
+                else:
+                    self._cache_egg.add(dist)
+
+            if gen_dist:
+                self._cache.generated = True
+            if gen_egg:
+                self._cache_egg.generated = True
+
+    @classmethod
+    def distinfo_dirname(cls, name, version):
+        """
+        The *name* and *version* parameters are converted into their
+        filename-escaped form, i.e. any ``'-'`` characters are replaced
+        with ``'_'`` other than the one in ``'dist-info'`` and the one
+        separating the name from the version number.
+
+        :parameter name: is converted to a standard distribution name by replacing
+                         any runs of non- alphanumeric characters with a single
+                         ``'-'``.
+        :type name: string
+        :parameter version: is converted to a standard version string. Spaces
+                            become dots, and all other non-alphanumeric characters
+                            (except dots) become dashes, with runs of multiple
+                            dashes condensed to a single dash.
+        :type version: string
+        :returns: directory name
+        :rtype: string"""
+        name = name.replace('-', '_')
+        return '-'.join([name, version]) + DISTINFO_EXT
+
+    def get_distributions(self):
+        """
+        Provides an iterator that looks for distributions and returns
+        :class:`InstalledDistribution` or
+        :class:`EggInfoDistribution` instances for each one of them.
+
+        :rtype: iterator of :class:`InstalledDistribution` and
+                :class:`EggInfoDistribution` instances
+        """
+        if not self._cache_enabled:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                yield dist
+        else:
+            self._generate_cache()
+
+            for dist in self._cache.path.values():
+                yield dist
+
+            if self._include_egg:
+                for dist in self._cache_egg.path.values():
+                    yield dist
+
+    def get_distribution(self, name):
+        """
+        Looks for a named distribution on the path.
+
+        This function only returns the first result found, as no more than one
+        value is expected. If nothing is found, ``None`` is returned.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`InstalledDistribution`, :class:`EggInfoDistribution`
+                or ``None``
+        """
+        result = None
+        name = name.lower()
+        if not self._cache_enabled:
+            for dist in self._yield_distributions():
+                if dist.key == name:
+                    result = dist
+                    break
+        else:
+            self._generate_cache()
+
+            if name in self._cache.name:
+                result = self._cache.name[name][0]
+            elif self._include_egg and name in self._cache_egg.name:
+                result = self._cache_egg.name[name][0]
+        return result
+
+    def provides_distribution(self, name, version=None):
+        """
+        Iterates over all distributions to find which distributions provide *name*.
+        If a *version* is provided, it will be used to filter the results.
+
+        This function only returns the first result found, since no more than
+        one values are expected. If the directory is not found, returns ``None``.
+
+        :parameter version: a version specifier that indicates the version
+                            required, conforming to the format in ``PEP-345``
+
+        :type name: string
+        :type version: string
+        """
+        matcher = None
+        if version is not None:
+            try:
+                matcher = self._scheme.matcher('%s (%s)' % (name, version))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise DistlibException('invalid name or version: %r, %r' %
+                                       (name, version))
+
+        for dist in self.get_distributions():
+            # We hit a problem on Travis where enum34 was installed and doesn't
+            # have a provides attribute ...
+            if not hasattr(dist, 'provides'):
+                logger.debug('No "provides": %s', dist)
+            else:
+                provided = dist.provides
+
+                for p in provided:
+                    p_name, p_ver = parse_name_and_version(p)
+                    if matcher is None:
+                        if p_name == name:
+                            yield dist
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        if p_name == name and matcher.match(p_ver):
+                            yield dist
+                            break
+
+    def get_file_path(self, name, relative_path):
+        """
+        Return the path to a resource file.
+        """
+        dist = self.get_distribution(name)
+        if dist is None:
+            raise LookupError('no distribution named %r found' % name)
+        return dist.get_resource_path(relative_path)
+
+    def get_exported_entries(self, category, name=None):
+        """
+        Return all of the exported entries in a particular category.
+
+        :param category: The category to search for entries.
+        :param name: If specified, only entries with that name are returned.
+        """
+        for dist in self.get_distributions():
+            r = dist.exports
+            if category in r:
+                d = r[category]
+                if name is not None:
+                    if name in d:
+                        yield d[name]
+                else:
+                    for v in d.values():
+                        yield v
+
+
+class Distribution(object):
+    """
+    A base class for distributions, whether installed or from indexes.
+    Either way, it must have some metadata, so that's all that's needed
+    for construction.
+    """
+
+    build_time_dependency = False
+    """
+    Set to True if it's known to be only a build-time dependency (i.e.
+    not needed after installation).
+    """
+
+    requested = False
+    """A boolean that indicates whether the ``REQUESTED`` metadata file is
+    present (in other words, whether the package was installed by user
+    request or it was installed as a dependency)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param metadata: The instance of :class:`Metadata` describing this
+        distribution.
+        """
+        self.metadata = metadata
+        self.name = metadata.name
+        self.key = self.name.lower()  # for case-insensitive comparisons
+        self.version = metadata.version
+        self.locator = None
+        self.digest = None
+        self.extras = None  # additional features requested
+        self.context = None  # environment marker overrides
+        self.download_urls = set()
+        self.digests = {}
+
+    @property
+    def source_url(self):
+        """
+        The source archive download URL for this distribution.
+        """
+        return self.metadata.source_url
+
+    download_url = source_url  # Backward compatibility
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_version(self):
+        """
+        A utility property which displays the name and version in parentheses.
+        """
+        return '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    @property
+    def provides(self):
+        """
+        A set of distribution names and versions provided by this distribution.
+        :return: A set of "name (version)" strings.
+        """
+        plist = self.metadata.provides
+        s = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+        if s not in plist:
+            plist.append(s)
+        return plist
+
+    def _get_requirements(self, req_attr):
+        md = self.metadata
+        reqts = getattr(md, req_attr)
+        logger.debug('%s: got requirements %r from metadata: %r', self.name,
+                     req_attr, reqts)
+        return set(
+            md.get_requirements(reqts, extras=self.extras, env=self.context))
+
+    @property
+    def run_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('run_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def meta_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('meta_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def build_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('build_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def test_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('test_requires')
+
+    @property
+    def dev_requires(self):
+        return self._get_requirements('dev_requires')
+
+    def matches_requirement(self, req):
+        """
+        Say if this instance matches (fulfills) a requirement.
+        :param req: The requirement to match.
+        :rtype req: str
+        :return: True if it matches, else False.
+        """
+        # Requirement may contain extras - parse to lose those
+        # from what's passed to the matcher
+        r = parse_requirement(req)
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.metadata.scheme)
+        try:
+            matcher = scheme.matcher(r.requirement)
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+            logger.warning('could not read version %r - using name only', req)
+            name = req.split()[0]
+            matcher = scheme.matcher(name)
+
+        name = matcher.key  # case-insensitive
+
+        result = False
+        for p in self.provides:
+            p_name, p_ver = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            if p_name != name:
+                continue
+            try:
+                result = matcher.match(p_ver)
+                break
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Return a textual representation of this instance,
+        """
+        if self.source_url:
+            suffix = ' [%s]' % self.source_url
+        else:
+            suffix = ''
+        return '<Distribution %s (%s)%s>' % (self.name, self.version, suffix)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """
+        See if this distribution is the same as another.
+        :param other: The distribution to compare with. To be equal to one
+                      another. distributions must have the same type, name,
+                      version and source_url.
+        :return: True if it is the same, else False.
+        """
+        if type(other) is not type(self):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            result = (self.name == other.name and self.version == other.version
+                      and self.source_url == other.source_url)
+        return result
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """
+        Compute hash in a way which matches the equality test.
+        """
+        return hash(self.name) + hash(self.version) + hash(self.source_url)
+
+
+class BaseInstalledDistribution(Distribution):
+    """
+    This is the base class for installed distributions (whether PEP 376 or
+    legacy).
+    """
+
+    hasher = None
+
+    def __init__(self, metadata, path, env=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param metadata: An instance of :class:`Metadata` which describes the
+                         distribution. This will normally have been initialised
+                         from a metadata file in the ``path``.
+        :param path:     The path of the ``.dist-info`` or ``.egg-info``
+                         directory for the distribution.
+        :param env:      This is normally the :class:`DistributionPath`
+                         instance where this distribution was found.
+        """
+        super(BaseInstalledDistribution, self).__init__(metadata)
+        self.path = path
+        self.dist_path = env
+
+    def get_hash(self, data, hasher=None):
+        """
+        Get the hash of some data, using a particular hash algorithm, if
+        specified.
+
+        :param data: The data to be hashed.
+        :type data: bytes
+        :param hasher: The name of a hash implementation, supported by hashlib,
+                       or ``None``. Examples of valid values are ``'sha1'``,
+                       ``'sha224'``, ``'sha384'``, '``sha256'``, ``'md5'`` and
+                       ``'sha512'``. If no hasher is specified, the ``hasher``
+                       attribute of the :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance
+                       is used. If the hasher is determined to be ``None``, MD5
+                       is used as the hashing algorithm.
+        :returns: The hash of the data. If a hasher was explicitly specified,
+                  the returned hash will be prefixed with the specified hasher
+                  followed by '='.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        if hasher is None:
+            hasher = self.hasher
+        if hasher is None:
+            hasher = hashlib.md5
+            prefix = ''
+        else:
+            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hasher)
+            prefix = '%s=' % self.hasher
+        digest = hasher(data).digest()
+        digest = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(digest).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
+        return '%s%s' % (prefix, digest)
+
+
+class InstalledDistribution(BaseInstalledDistribution):
+    """
+    Created with the *path* of the ``.dist-info`` directory provided to the
+    constructor. It reads the metadata contained in ``pydist.json`` when it is
+    instantiated., or uses a passed in Metadata instance (useful for when
+    dry-run mode is being used).
+    """
+
+    hasher = 'sha256'
+
+    def __init__(self, path, metadata=None, env=None):
+        self.modules = []
+        self.finder = finder = resources.finder_for_path(path)
+        if finder is None:
+            raise ValueError('finder unavailable for %s' % path)
+        if env and env._cache_enabled and path in env._cache.path:
+            metadata = env._cache.path[path].metadata
+        elif metadata is None:
+            r = finder.find(METADATA_FILENAME)
+            # Temporary - for Wheel 0.23 support
+            if r is None:
+                r = finder.find(WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            # Temporary - for legacy support
+            if r is None:
+                r = finder.find(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            if r is None:
+                raise ValueError('no %s found in %s' %
+                                 (METADATA_FILENAME, path))
+            with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+                metadata = Metadata(fileobj=stream, scheme='legacy')
+
+        super(InstalledDistribution, self).__init__(metadata, path, env)
+
+        if env and env._cache_enabled:
+            env._cache.add(self)
+
+        r = finder.find('REQUESTED')
+        self.requested = r is not None
+        p = os.path.join(path, 'top_level.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(p):
+            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read().decode('utf-8')
+            self.modules = data.splitlines()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<InstalledDistribution %r %s at %r>' % (
+            self.name, self.version, self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s %s" % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    def _get_records(self):
+        """
+        Get the list of installed files for the distribution
+        :return: A list of tuples of path, hash and size. Note that hash and
+                 size might be ``None`` for some entries. The path is exactly
+                 as stored in the file (which is as in PEP 376).
+        """
+        results = []
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource('RECORD')
+        with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+            with CSVReader(stream=stream) as record_reader:
+                # Base location is parent dir of .dist-info dir
+                # base_location = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+                # base_location = os.path.abspath(base_location)
+                for row in record_reader:
+                    missing = [None for i in range(len(row), 3)]
+                    path, checksum, size = row + missing
+                    # if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                    #     path = path.replace('/', os.sep)
+                    #     path = os.path.join(base_location, path)
+                    results.append((path, checksum, size))
+        return results
+
+    @cached_property
+    def exports(self):
+        """
+        Return the information exported by this distribution.
+        :return: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to a dict
+                 of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the individual
+                 export entries, and keyed by name.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        if r:
+            result = self.read_exports()
+        return result
+
+    def read_exports(self):
+        """
+        Read exports data from a file in .ini format.
+
+        :return: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to a list
+                 of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the individual
+                 export entries.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        if r:
+            with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+                result = read_exports(stream)
+        return result
+
+    def write_exports(self, exports):
+        """
+        Write a dictionary of exports to a file in .ini format.
+        :param exports: A dictionary of exports, mapping an export category to
+                        a list of :class:`ExportEntry` instances describing the
+                        individual export entries.
+        """
+        rf = self.get_distinfo_file(EXPORTS_FILENAME)
+        with open(rf, 'w') as f:
+            write_exports(exports, f)
+
+    def get_resource_path(self, relative_path):
+        """
+        NOTE: This API may change in the future.
+
+        Return the absolute path to a resource file with the given relative
+        path.
+
+        :param relative_path: The path, relative to .dist-info, of the resource
+                              of interest.
+        :return: The absolute path where the resource is to be found.
+        """
+        r = self.get_distinfo_resource('RESOURCES')
+        with contextlib.closing(r.as_stream()) as stream:
+            with CSVReader(stream=stream) as resources_reader:
+                for relative, destination in resources_reader:
+                    if relative == relative_path:
+                        return destination
+        raise KeyError('no resource file with relative path %r '
+                       'is installed' % relative_path)
+
+    def list_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``RECORD`` entries and returns a tuple
+        ``(path, hash, size)`` for each line.
+
+        :returns: iterator of (path, hash, size)
+        """
+        for result in self._get_records():
+            yield result
+
+    def write_installed_files(self, paths, prefix, dry_run=False):
+        """
+        Writes the ``RECORD`` file, using the ``paths`` iterable passed in. Any
+        existing ``RECORD`` file is silently overwritten.
+
+        prefix is used to determine when to write absolute paths.
+        """
+        prefix = os.path.join(prefix, '')
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        base_under_prefix = base.startswith(prefix)
+        base = os.path.join(base, '')
+        record_path = self.get_distinfo_file('RECORD')
+        logger.info('creating %s', record_path)
+        if dry_run:
+            return None
+        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
+            for path in paths:
+                if os.path.isdir(path) or path.endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                    # do not put size and hash, as in PEP-376
+                    hash_value = size = ''
+                else:
+                    size = '%d' % os.path.getsize(path)
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as fp:
+                        hash_value = self.get_hash(fp.read())
+                if path.startswith(base) or (base_under_prefix
+                                             and path.startswith(prefix)):
+                    path = os.path.relpath(path, base)
+                writer.writerow((path, hash_value, size))
+
+            # add the RECORD file itself
+            if record_path.startswith(base):
+                record_path = os.path.relpath(record_path, base)
+            writer.writerow((record_path, '', ''))
+        return record_path
+
+    def check_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Checks that the hashes and sizes of the files in ``RECORD`` are
+        matched by the files themselves. Returns a (possibly empty) list of
+        mismatches. Each entry in the mismatch list will be a tuple consisting
+        of the path, 'exists', 'size' or 'hash' according to what didn't match
+        (existence is checked first, then size, then hash), the expected
+        value and the actual value.
+        """
+        mismatches = []
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        record_path = self.get_distinfo_file('RECORD')
+        for path, hash_value, size in self.list_installed_files():
+            if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                path = os.path.join(base, path)
+            if path == record_path:
+                continue
+            if not os.path.exists(path):
+                mismatches.append((path, 'exists', True, False))
+            elif os.path.isfile(path):
+                actual_size = str(os.path.getsize(path))
+                if size and actual_size != size:
+                    mismatches.append((path, 'size', size, actual_size))
+                elif hash_value:
+                    if '=' in hash_value:
+                        hasher = hash_value.split('=', 1)[0]
+                    else:
+                        hasher = None
+
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+                        actual_hash = self.get_hash(f.read(), hasher)
+                        if actual_hash != hash_value:
+                            mismatches.append(
+                                (path, 'hash', hash_value, actual_hash))
+        return mismatches
+
+    @cached_property
+    def shared_locations(self):
+        """
+        A dictionary of shared locations whose keys are in the set 'prefix',
+        'purelib', 'platlib', 'scripts', 'headers', 'data' and 'namespace'.
+        The corresponding value is the absolute path of that category for
+        this distribution, and takes into account any paths selected by the
+        user at installation time (e.g. via command-line arguments). In the
+        case of the 'namespace' key, this would be a list of absolute paths
+        for the roots of namespace packages in this distribution.
+
+        The first time this property is accessed, the relevant information is
+        read from the SHARED file in the .dist-info directory.
+        """
+        result = {}
+        shared_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'SHARED')
+        if os.path.isfile(shared_path):
+            with codecs.open(shared_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                lines = f.read().splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                key, value = line.split('=', 1)
+                if key == 'namespace':
+                    result.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+                else:
+                    result[key] = value
+        return result
+
+    def write_shared_locations(self, paths, dry_run=False):
+        """
+        Write shared location information to the SHARED file in .dist-info.
+        :param paths: A dictionary as described in the documentation for
+        :meth:`shared_locations`.
+        :param dry_run: If True, the action is logged but no file is actually
+                        written.
+        :return: The path of the file written to.
+        """
+        shared_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'SHARED')
+        logger.info('creating %s', shared_path)
+        if dry_run:
+            return None
+        lines = []
+        for key in ('prefix', 'lib', 'headers', 'scripts', 'data'):
+            path = paths[key]
+            if os.path.isdir(paths[key]):
+                lines.append('%s=%s' % (key, path))
+        for ns in paths.get('namespace', ()):
+            lines.append('namespace=%s' % ns)
+
+        with codecs.open(shared_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(lines))
+        return shared_path
+
+    def get_distinfo_resource(self, path):
+        if path not in DIST_FILES:
+            raise DistlibException('invalid path for a dist-info file: '
+                                   '%r at %r' % (path, self.path))
+        finder = resources.finder_for_path(self.path)
+        if finder is None:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to get a finder for %s' % self.path)
+        return finder.find(path)
+
+    def get_distinfo_file(self, path):
+        """
+        Returns a path located under the ``.dist-info`` directory. Returns a
+        string representing the path.
+
+        :parameter path: a ``'/'``-separated path relative to the
+                         ``.dist-info`` directory or an absolute path;
+                         If *path* is an absolute path and doesn't start
+                         with the ``.dist-info`` directory path,
+                         a :class:`DistlibException` is raised
+        :type path: str
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        # Check if it is an absolute path  # XXX use relpath, add tests
+        if path.find(os.sep) >= 0:
+            # it's an absolute path?
+            distinfo_dirname, path = path.split(os.sep)[-2:]
+            if distinfo_dirname != self.path.split(os.sep)[-1]:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    'dist-info file %r does not belong to the %r %s '
+                    'distribution' % (path, self.name, self.version))
+
+        # The file must be relative
+        if path not in DIST_FILES:
+            raise DistlibException('invalid path for a dist-info file: '
+                                   '%r at %r' % (path, self.path))
+
+        return os.path.join(self.path, path)
+
+    def list_distinfo_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``RECORD`` entries and returns paths for each line if
+        the path is pointing to a file located in the ``.dist-info`` directory
+        or one of its subdirectories.
+
+        :returns: iterator of paths
+        """
+        base = os.path.dirname(self.path)
+        for path, checksum, size in self._get_records():
+            # XXX add separator or use real relpath algo
+            if not os.path.isabs(path):
+                path = os.path.join(base, path)
+            if path.startswith(self.path):
+                yield path
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, InstalledDistribution)
+                and self.path == other.path)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+class EggInfoDistribution(BaseInstalledDistribution):
+    """Created with the *path* of the ``.egg-info`` directory or file provided
+    to the constructor. It reads the metadata contained in the file itself, or
+    if the given path happens to be a directory, the metadata is read from the
+    file ``PKG-INFO`` under that directory."""
+
+    requested = True  # as we have no way of knowing, assume it was
+    shared_locations = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, path, env=None):
+
+        def set_name_and_version(s, n, v):
+            s.name = n
+            s.key = n.lower()  # for case-insensitive comparisons
+            s.version = v
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.dist_path = env
+        if env and env._cache_enabled and path in env._cache_egg.path:
+            metadata = env._cache_egg.path[path].metadata
+            set_name_and_version(self, metadata.name, metadata.version)
+        else:
+            metadata = self._get_metadata(path)
+
+            # Need to be set before caching
+            set_name_and_version(self, metadata.name, metadata.version)
+
+            if env and env._cache_enabled:
+                env._cache_egg.add(self)
+        super(EggInfoDistribution, self).__init__(metadata, path, env)
+
+    def _get_metadata(self, path):
+        requires = None
+
+        def parse_requires_data(data):
+            """Create a list of dependencies from a requires.txt file.
+
+            *data*: the contents of a setuptools-produced requires.txt file.
+            """
+            reqs = []
+            lines = data.splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                line = line.strip()
+                # sectioned files have bare newlines (separating sections)
+                if not line:  # pragma: no cover
+                    continue
+                if line.startswith('['):  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning(
+                        'Unexpected line: quitting requirement scan: %r', line)
+                    break
+                r = parse_requirement(line)
+                if not r:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('Not recognised as a requirement: %r', line)
+                    continue
+                if r.extras:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('extra requirements in requires.txt are '
+                                   'not supported')
+                if not r.constraints:
+                    reqs.append(r.name)
+                else:
+                    cons = ', '.join('%s%s' % c for c in r.constraints)
+                    reqs.append('%s (%s)' % (r.name, cons))
+            return reqs
+
+        def parse_requires_path(req_path):
+            """Create a list of dependencies from a requires.txt file.
+
+            *req_path*: the path to a setuptools-produced requires.txt file.
+            """
+
+            reqs = []
+            try:
+                with codecs.open(req_path, 'r', 'utf-8') as fp:
+                    reqs = parse_requires_data(fp.read())
+            except IOError:
+                pass
+            return reqs
+
+        tl_path = tl_data = None
+        if path.endswith('.egg'):
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                p = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
+                meta_path = os.path.join(p, 'PKG-INFO')
+                metadata = Metadata(path=meta_path, scheme='legacy')
+                req_path = os.path.join(p, 'requires.txt')
+                tl_path = os.path.join(p, 'top_level.txt')
+                requires = parse_requires_path(req_path)
+            else:
+                # FIXME handle the case where zipfile is not available
+                zipf = zipimport.zipimporter(path)
+                fileobj = StringIO(
+                    zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/PKG-INFO').decode('utf8'))
+                metadata = Metadata(fileobj=fileobj, scheme='legacy')
+                try:
+                    data = zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/requires.txt')
+                    tl_data = zipf.get_data('EGG-INFO/top_level.txt').decode(
+                        'utf-8')
+                    requires = parse_requires_data(data.decode('utf-8'))
+                except IOError:
+                    requires = None
+        elif path.endswith('.egg-info'):
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                req_path = os.path.join(path, 'requires.txt')
+                requires = parse_requires_path(req_path)
+                path = os.path.join(path, 'PKG-INFO')
+                tl_path = os.path.join(path, 'top_level.txt')
+            metadata = Metadata(path=path, scheme='legacy')
+        else:
+            raise DistlibException('path must end with .egg-info or .egg, '
+                                   'got %r' % path)
+
+        if requires:
+            metadata.add_requirements(requires)
+        # look for top-level modules in top_level.txt, if present
+        if tl_data is None:
+            if tl_path is not None and os.path.exists(tl_path):
+                with open(tl_path, 'rb') as f:
+                    tl_data = f.read().decode('utf-8')
+        if not tl_data:
+            tl_data = []
+        else:
+            tl_data = tl_data.splitlines()
+        self.modules = tl_data
+        return metadata
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<EggInfoDistribution %r %s at %r>' % (self.name, self.version,
+                                                      self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s %s" % (self.name, self.version)
+
+    def check_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Checks that the hashes and sizes of the files in ``RECORD`` are
+        matched by the files themselves. Returns a (possibly empty) list of
+        mismatches. Each entry in the mismatch list will be a tuple consisting
+        of the path, 'exists', 'size' or 'hash' according to what didn't match
+        (existence is checked first, then size, then hash), the expected
+        value and the actual value.
+        """
+        mismatches = []
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            for path, _, _ in self.list_installed_files():
+                if path == record_path:
+                    continue
+                if not os.path.exists(path):
+                    mismatches.append((path, 'exists', True, False))
+        return mismatches
+
+    def list_installed_files(self):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``installed-files.txt`` entries and returns a tuple
+        ``(path, hash, size)`` for each line.
+
+        :returns: a list of (path, hash, size)
+        """
+
+        def _md5(path):
+            f = open(path, 'rb')
+            try:
+                content = f.read()
+            finally:
+                f.close()
+            return hashlib.md5(content).hexdigest()
+
+        def _size(path):
+            return os.stat(path).st_size
+
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        result = []
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            with codecs.open(record_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.path, line))
+                    # "./" is present as a marker between installed files
+                    # and installation metadata files
+                    if not os.path.exists(p):
+                        logger.warning('Non-existent file: %s', p)
+                        if p.endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                            continue
+                        # otherwise fall through and fail
+                    if not os.path.isdir(p):
+                        result.append((p, _md5(p), _size(p)))
+            result.append((record_path, None, None))
+        return result
+
+    def list_distinfo_files(self, absolute=False):
+        """
+        Iterates over the ``installed-files.txt`` entries and returns paths for
+        each line if the path is pointing to a file located in the
+        ``.egg-info`` directory or one of its subdirectories.
+
+        :parameter absolute: If *absolute* is ``True``, each returned path is
+                          transformed into a local absolute path. Otherwise the
+                          raw value from ``installed-files.txt`` is returned.
+        :type absolute: boolean
+        :returns: iterator of paths
+        """
+        record_path = os.path.join(self.path, 'installed-files.txt')
+        if os.path.exists(record_path):
+            skip = True
+            with codecs.open(record_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    line = line.strip()
+                    if line == './':
+                        skip = False
+                        continue
+                    if not skip:
+                        p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.path, line))
+                        if p.startswith(self.path):
+                            if absolute:
+                                yield p
+                            else:
+                                yield line
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, EggInfoDistribution)
+                and self.path == other.path)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+new_dist_class = InstalledDistribution
+old_dist_class = EggInfoDistribution
+
+
+class DependencyGraph(object):
+    """
+    Represents a dependency graph between distributions.
+
+    The dependency relationships are stored in an ``adjacency_list`` that maps
+    distributions to a list of ``(other, label)`` tuples where  ``other``
+    is a distribution and the edge is labeled with ``label`` (i.e. the version
+    specifier, if such was provided). Also, for more efficient traversal, for
+    every distribution ``x``, a list of predecessors is kept in
+    ``reverse_list[x]``. An edge from distribution ``a`` to
+    distribution ``b`` means that ``a`` depends on ``b``. If any missing
+    dependencies are found, they are stored in ``missing``, which is a
+    dictionary that maps distributions to a list of requirements that were not
+    provided by any other distributions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.adjacency_list = {}
+        self.reverse_list = {}
+        self.missing = {}
+
+    def add_distribution(self, distribution):
+        """Add the *distribution* to the graph.
+
+        :type distribution: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution`
+                            or :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        """
+        self.adjacency_list[distribution] = []
+        self.reverse_list[distribution] = []
+        # self.missing[distribution] = []
+
+    def add_edge(self, x, y, label=None):
+        """Add an edge from distribution *x* to distribution *y* with the given
+        *label*.
+
+        :type x: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` or
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type y: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` or
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type label: ``str`` or ``None``
+        """
+        self.adjacency_list[x].append((y, label))
+        # multiple edges are allowed, so be careful
+        if x not in self.reverse_list[y]:
+            self.reverse_list[y].append(x)
+
+    def add_missing(self, distribution, requirement):
+        """
+        Add a missing *requirement* for the given *distribution*.
+
+        :type distribution: :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution`
+                            or :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution`
+        :type requirement: ``str``
+        """
+        logger.debug('%s missing %r', distribution, requirement)
+        self.missing.setdefault(distribution, []).append(requirement)
+
+    def _repr_dist(self, dist):
+        return '%s %s' % (dist.name, dist.version)
+
+    def repr_node(self, dist, level=1):
+        """Prints only a subgraph"""
+        output = [self._repr_dist(dist)]
+        for other, label in self.adjacency_list[dist]:
+            dist = self._repr_dist(other)
+            if label is not None:
+                dist = '%s [%s]' % (dist, label)
+            output.append('    ' * level + str(dist))
+            suboutput = self.repr_node(other, level + 1)
+            subs = suboutput.split('\n')
+            output.extend(subs[1:])
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+    def to_dot(self, f, skip_disconnected=True):
+        """Writes a DOT output for the graph to the provided file *f*.
+
+        If *skip_disconnected* is set to ``True``, then all distributions
+        that are not dependent on any other distribution are skipped.
+
+        :type f: has to support ``file``-like operations
+        :type skip_disconnected: ``bool``
+        """
+        disconnected = []
+
+        f.write("digraph dependencies {\n")
+        for dist, adjs in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            if len(adjs) == 0 and not skip_disconnected:
+                disconnected.append(dist)
+            for other, label in adjs:
+                if label is not None:
+                    f.write('"%s" -> "%s" [label="%s"]\n' %
+                            (dist.name, other.name, label))
+                else:
+                    f.write('"%s" -> "%s"\n' % (dist.name, other.name))
+        if not skip_disconnected and len(disconnected) > 0:
+            f.write('subgraph disconnected {\n')
+            f.write('label = "Disconnected"\n')
+            f.write('bgcolor = red\n')
+
+            for dist in disconnected:
+                f.write('"%s"' % dist.name)
+                f.write('\n')
+            f.write('}\n')
+        f.write('}\n')
+
+    def topological_sort(self):
+        """
+        Perform a topological sort of the graph.
+        :return: A tuple, the first element of which is a topologically sorted
+                 list of distributions, and the second element of which is a
+                 list of distributions that cannot be sorted because they have
+                 circular dependencies and so form a cycle.
+        """
+        result = []
+        # Make a shallow copy of the adjacency list
+        alist = {}
+        for k, v in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            alist[k] = v[:]
+        while True:
+            # See what we can remove in this run
+            to_remove = []
+            for k, v in list(alist.items())[:]:
+                if not v:
+                    to_remove.append(k)
+                    del alist[k]
+            if not to_remove:
+                # What's left in alist (if anything) is a cycle.
+                break
+            # Remove from the adjacency list of others
+            for k, v in alist.items():
+                alist[k] = [(d, r) for d, r in v if d not in to_remove]
+            logger.debug('Moving to result: %s',
+                         ['%s (%s)' % (d.name, d.version) for d in to_remove])
+            result.extend(to_remove)
+        return result, list(alist.keys())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Representation of the graph"""
+        output = []
+        for dist, adjs in self.adjacency_list.items():
+            output.append(self.repr_node(dist))
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+
+def make_graph(dists, scheme='default'):
+    """Makes a dependency graph from the given distributions.
+
+    :parameter dists: a list of distributions
+    :type dists: list of :class:`distutils2.database.InstalledDistribution` and
+                 :class:`distutils2.database.EggInfoDistribution` instances
+    :rtype: a :class:`DependencyGraph` instance
+    """
+    scheme = get_scheme(scheme)
+    graph = DependencyGraph()
+    provided = {}  # maps names to lists of (version, dist) tuples
+
+    # first, build the graph and find out what's provided
+    for dist in dists:
+        graph.add_distribution(dist)
+
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Add to provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            provided.setdefault(name, []).append((version, dist))
+
+    # now make the edges
+    for dist in dists:
+        requires = (dist.run_requires | dist.meta_requires
+                    | dist.build_requires | dist.dev_requires)
+        for req in requires:
+            try:
+                matcher = scheme.matcher(req)
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+                logger.warning('could not read version %r - using name only',
+                               req)
+                name = req.split()[0]
+                matcher = scheme.matcher(name)
+
+            name = matcher.key  # case-insensitive
+
+            matched = False
+            if name in provided:
+                for version, provider in provided[name]:
+                    try:
+                        match = matcher.match(version)
+                    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                        match = False
+
+                    if match:
+                        graph.add_edge(dist, provider, req)
+                        matched = True
+                        break
+            if not matched:
+                graph.add_missing(dist, req)
+    return graph
+
+
+def get_dependent_dists(dists, dist):
+    """Recursively generate a list of distributions from *dists* that are
+    dependent on *dist*.
+
+    :param dists: a list of distributions
+    :param dist: a distribution, member of *dists* for which we are interested
+    """
+    if dist not in dists:
+        raise DistlibException('given distribution %r is not a member '
+                               'of the list' % dist.name)
+    graph = make_graph(dists)
+
+    dep = [dist]  # dependent distributions
+    todo = graph.reverse_list[dist]  # list of nodes we should inspect
+
+    while todo:
+        d = todo.pop()
+        dep.append(d)
+        for succ in graph.reverse_list[d]:
+            if succ not in dep:
+                todo.append(succ)
+
+    dep.pop(0)  # remove dist from dep, was there to prevent infinite loops
+    return dep
+
+
+def get_required_dists(dists, dist):
+    """Recursively generate a list of distributions from *dists* that are
+    required by *dist*.
+
+    :param dists: a list of distributions
+    :param dist: a distribution, member of *dists* for which we are interested
+                 in finding the dependencies.
+    """
+    if dist not in dists:
+        raise DistlibException('given distribution %r is not a member '
+                               'of the list' % dist.name)
+    graph = make_graph(dists)
+
+    req = set()  # required distributions
+    todo = graph.adjacency_list[dist]  # list of nodes we should inspect
+    seen = set(t[0] for t in todo)  # already added to todo
+
+    while todo:
+        d = todo.pop()[0]
+        req.add(d)
+        pred_list = graph.adjacency_list[d]
+        for pred in pred_list:
+            d = pred[0]
+            if d not in req and d not in seen:
+                seen.add(d)
+                todo.append(pred)
+    return req
+
+
+def make_dist(name, version, **kwargs):
+    """
+    A convenience method for making a dist given just a name and version.
+    """
+    summary = kwargs.pop('summary', 'Placeholder for summary')
+    md = Metadata(**kwargs)
+    md.name = name
+    md.version = version
+    md.summary = summary or 'Placeholder for summary'
+    return Distribution(md)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56cd286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/index.py
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import hashlib
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+try:
+    from threading import Thread
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from dummy_threading import Thread
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (HTTPBasicAuthHandler, Request, HTTPPasswordMgr,
+                     urlparse, build_opener, string_types)
+from .util import zip_dir, ServerProxy
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
+DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'
+
+
+class PackageIndex(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a package index compatible with PyPI, the Python
+    Package Index.
+    """
+
+    boundary = b'----------ThIs_Is_tHe_distlib_index_bouNdaRY_$'
+
+    def __init__(self, url=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param url: The URL of the index. If not specified, the URL for PyPI is
+                    used.
+        """
+        self.url = url or DEFAULT_INDEX
+        self.read_configuration()
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(self.url)
+        if params or query or frag or scheme not in ('http', 'https'):
+            raise DistlibException('invalid repository: %s' % self.url)
+        self.password_handler = None
+        self.ssl_verifier = None
+        self.gpg = None
+        self.gpg_home = None
+        with open(os.devnull, 'w') as sink:
+            # Use gpg by default rather than gpg2, as gpg2 insists on
+            # prompting for passwords
+            for s in ('gpg', 'gpg2'):
+                try:
+                    rc = subprocess.check_call([s, '--version'], stdout=sink,
+                                               stderr=sink)
+                    if rc == 0:
+                        self.gpg = s
+                        break
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+
+    def _get_pypirc_command(self):
+        """
+        Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
+        :return: the command.
+        """
+        from .util import _get_pypirc_command as cmd
+        return cmd()
+
+    def read_configuration(self):
+        """
+        Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils. This populates
+        ``username``, ``password``, ``realm`` and ``url`` attributes from the
+        configuration.
+        """
+        from .util import _load_pypirc
+        cfg = _load_pypirc(self)
+        self.username = cfg.get('username')
+        self.password = cfg.get('password')
+        self.realm = cfg.get('realm', 'pypi')
+        self.url = cfg.get('repository', self.url)
+
+    def save_configuration(self):
+        """
+        Save the PyPI access configuration. You must have set ``username`` and
+        ``password`` attributes before calling this method.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        from .util import _store_pypirc
+        _store_pypirc(self)
+
+    def check_credentials(self):
+        """
+        Check that ``username`` and ``password`` have been set, and raise an
+        exception if not.
+        """
+        if self.username is None or self.password is None:
+            raise DistlibException('username and password must be set')
+        pm = HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        _, netloc, _, _, _, _ = urlparse(self.url)
+        pm.add_password(self.realm, netloc, self.username, self.password)
+        self.password_handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(pm)
+
+    def register(self, metadata):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Register a distribution on PyPI, using the provided metadata.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the distribution to be
+                         registered.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        metadata.validate()
+        d = metadata.todict()
+        d[':action'] = 'verify'
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
+        self.send_request(request)
+        d[':action'] = 'submit'
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def _reader(self, name, stream, outbuf):
+        """
+        Thread runner for reading lines of from a subprocess into a buffer.
+
+        :param name: The logical name of the stream (used for logging only).
+        :param stream: The stream to read from. This will typically a pipe
+                       connected to the output stream of a subprocess.
+        :param outbuf: The list to append the read lines to.
+        """
+        while True:
+            s = stream.readline()
+            if not s:
+                break
+            s = s.decode('utf-8').rstrip()
+            outbuf.append(s)
+            logger.debug('%s: %s' % (name, s))
+        stream.close()
+
+    def get_sign_command(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Return a suitable command for signing a file.
+
+        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The signing command as a list suitable to be
+                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        """
+        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
+        if keystore is None:
+            keystore = self.gpg_home
+        if keystore:
+            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
+        if sign_password is not None:
+            cmd.extend(['--batch', '--passphrase-fd', '0'])
+        td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        sf = os.path.join(td, os.path.basename(filename) + '.asc')
+        cmd.extend(['--detach-sign', '--armor', '--local-user',
+                    signer, '--output', sf, filename])
+        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
+        return cmd, sf
+
+    def run_command(self, cmd, input_data=None):
+        """
+        Run a command in a child process , passing it any input data specified.
+
+        :param cmd: The command to run.
+        :param input_data: If specified, this must be a byte string containing
+                           data to be sent to the child process.
+        :return: A tuple consisting of the subprocess' exit code, a list of
+                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stdout``, and a list of
+                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stderr``.
+        """
+        kwargs = {
+            'stdout': subprocess.PIPE,
+            'stderr': subprocess.PIPE,
+        }
+        if input_data is not None:
+            kwargs['stdin'] = subprocess.PIPE
+        stdout = []
+        stderr = []
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
+        # We don't use communicate() here because we may need to
+        # get clever with interacting with the command
+        t1 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stdout', p.stdout, stdout))
+        t1.start()
+        t2 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stderr', p.stderr, stderr))
+        t2.start()
+        if input_data is not None:
+            p.stdin.write(input_data)
+            p.stdin.close()
+
+        p.wait()
+        t1.join()
+        t2.join()
+        return p.returncode, stdout, stderr
+
+    def sign_file(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Sign a file.
+
+        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
+                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The absolute pathname of the file where the signature is
+                 stored.
+        """
+        cmd, sig_file = self.get_sign_command(filename, signer, sign_password,
+                                              keystore)
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd,
+                                              sign_password.encode('utf-8'))
+        if rc != 0:
+            raise DistlibException('sign command failed with error '
+                                   'code %s' % rc)
+        return sig_file
+
+    def upload_file(self, metadata, filename, signer=None, sign_password=None,
+                    filetype='sdist', pyversion='source', keystore=None):
+        """
+        Upload a release file to the index.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the file to be uploaded.
+        :param filename: The pathname of the file to be uploaded.
+        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
+        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
+                              private key used for signing.
+        :param filetype: The type of the file being uploaded. This is the
+                        distutils command which produced that file, e.g.
+                        ``sdist`` or ``bdist_wheel``.
+        :param pyversion: The version of Python which the release relates
+                          to. For code compatible with any Python, this would
+                          be ``source``, otherwise it would be e.g. ``3.2``.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
+                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):
+            raise DistlibException('not found: %s' % filename)
+        metadata.validate()
+        d = metadata.todict()
+        sig_file = None
+        if signer:
+            if not self.gpg:
+                logger.warning('no signing program available - not signed')
+            else:
+                sig_file = self.sign_file(filename, signer, sign_password,
+                                          keystore)
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            file_data = f.read()
+        md5_digest = hashlib.md5(file_data).hexdigest()
+        sha256_digest = hashlib.sha256(file_data).hexdigest()
+        d.update({
+            ':action': 'file_upload',
+            'protocol_version': '1',
+            'filetype': filetype,
+            'pyversion': pyversion,
+            'md5_digest': md5_digest,
+            'sha256_digest': sha256_digest,
+        })
+        files = [('content', os.path.basename(filename), file_data)]
+        if sig_file:
+            with open(sig_file, 'rb') as f:
+                sig_data = f.read()
+            files.append(('gpg_signature', os.path.basename(sig_file),
+                         sig_data))
+            shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(sig_file))
+        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), files)
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def upload_documentation(self, metadata, doc_dir):  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        Upload documentation to the index.
+
+        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
+                         and version number for the documentation to be
+                         uploaded.
+        :param doc_dir: The pathname of the directory which contains the
+                        documentation. This should be the directory that
+                        contains the ``index.html`` for the documentation.
+        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
+                request.
+        """
+        self.check_credentials()
+        if not os.path.isdir(doc_dir):
+            raise DistlibException('not a directory: %r' % doc_dir)
+        fn = os.path.join(doc_dir, 'index.html')
+        if not os.path.exists(fn):
+            raise DistlibException('not found: %r' % fn)
+        metadata.validate()
+        name, version = metadata.name, metadata.version
+        zip_data = zip_dir(doc_dir).getvalue()
+        fields = [(':action', 'doc_upload'),
+                  ('name', name), ('version', version)]
+        files = [('content', name, zip_data)]
+        request = self.encode_request(fields, files)
+        return self.send_request(request)
+
+    def get_verify_command(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
+                           keystore=None):
+        """
+        Return a suitable command for verifying a file.
+
+        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                                   signature.
+        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                              signed data.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: The verifying command as a list suitable to be
+                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
+        """
+        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
+        if keystore is None:
+            keystore = self.gpg_home
+        if keystore:
+            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
+        cmd.extend(['--verify', signature_filename, data_filename])
+        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
+        return cmd
+
+    def verify_signature(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
+                         keystore=None):
+        """
+        Verify a signature for a file.
+
+        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                                   signature.
+        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
+                              signed data.
+        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
+                         used in verification. If not specified, the
+                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
+        :return: True if the signature was verified, else False.
+        """
+        if not self.gpg:
+            raise DistlibException('verification unavailable because gpg '
+                                   'unavailable')
+        cmd = self.get_verify_command(signature_filename, data_filename,
+                                      keystore)
+        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd)
+        if rc not in (0, 1):
+            raise DistlibException('verify command failed with error code %s' % rc)
+        return rc == 0
+
+    def download_file(self, url, destfile, digest=None, reporthook=None):
+        """
+        This is a convenience method for downloading a file from an URL.
+        Normally, this will be a file from the index, though currently
+        no check is made for this (i.e. a file can be downloaded from
+        anywhere).
+
+        The method is just like the :func:`urlretrieve` function in the
+        standard library, except that it allows digest computation to be
+        done during download and checking that the downloaded data
+        matched any expected value.
+
+        :param url: The URL of the file to be downloaded (assumed to be
+                    available via an HTTP GET request).
+        :param destfile: The pathname where the downloaded file is to be
+                         saved.
+        :param digest: If specified, this must be a (hasher, value)
+                       tuple, where hasher is the algorithm used (e.g.
+                       ``'md5'``) and ``value`` is the expected value.
+        :param reporthook: The same as for :func:`urlretrieve` in the
+                           standard library.
+        """
+        if digest is None:
+            digester = None
+            logger.debug('No digest specified')
+        else:
+            if isinstance(digest, (list, tuple)):
+                hasher, digest = digest
+            else:
+                hasher = 'md5'
+            digester = getattr(hashlib, hasher)()
+            logger.debug('Digest specified: %s' % digest)
+        # The following code is equivalent to urlretrieve.
+        # We need to do it this way so that we can compute the
+        # digest of the file as we go.
+        with open(destfile, 'wb') as dfp:
+            # addinfourl is not a context manager on 2.x
+            # so we have to use try/finally
+            sfp = self.send_request(Request(url))
+            try:
+                headers = sfp.info()
+                blocksize = 8192
+                size = -1
+                read = 0
+                blocknum = 0
+                if "content-length" in headers:
+                    size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
+                if reporthook:
+                    reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
+                while True:
+                    block = sfp.read(blocksize)
+                    if not block:
+                        break
+                    read += len(block)
+                    dfp.write(block)
+                    if digester:
+                        digester.update(block)
+                    blocknum += 1
+                    if reporthook:
+                        reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
+            finally:
+                sfp.close()
+
+        # check that we got the whole file, if we can
+        if size >= 0 and read < size:
+            raise DistlibException(
+                'retrieval incomplete: got only %d out of %d bytes'
+                % (read, size))
+        # if we have a digest, it must match.
+        if digester:
+            actual = digester.hexdigest()
+            if digest != actual:
+                raise DistlibException('%s digest mismatch for %s: expected '
+                                       '%s, got %s' % (hasher, destfile,
+                                                       digest, actual))
+            logger.debug('Digest verified: %s', digest)
+
+    def send_request(self, req):
+        """
+        Send a standard library :class:`Request` to PyPI and return its
+        response.
+
+        :param req: The request to send.
+        :return: The HTTP response from PyPI (a standard library HTTPResponse).
+        """
+        handlers = []
+        if self.password_handler:
+            handlers.append(self.password_handler)
+        if self.ssl_verifier:
+            handlers.append(self.ssl_verifier)
+        opener = build_opener(*handlers)
+        return opener.open(req)
+
+    def encode_request(self, fields, files):
+        """
+        Encode fields and files for posting to an HTTP server.
+
+        :param fields: The fields to send as a list of (fieldname, value)
+                       tuples.
+        :param files: The files to send as a list of (fieldname, filename,
+                      file_bytes) tuple.
+        """
+        # Adapted from packaging, which in turn was adapted from
+        # http://code.activestate.com/recipes/146306
+
+        parts = []
+        boundary = self.boundary
+        for k, values in fields:
+            if not isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
+                values = [values]
+
+            for v in values:
+                parts.extend((
+                    b'--' + boundary,
+                    ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' %
+                     k).encode('utf-8'),
+                    b'',
+                    v.encode('utf-8')))
+        for key, filename, value in files:
+            parts.extend((
+                b'--' + boundary,
+                ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' %
+                 (key, filename)).encode('utf-8'),
+                b'',
+                value))
+
+        parts.extend((b'--' + boundary + b'--', b''))
+
+        body = b'\r\n'.join(parts)
+        ct = b'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary
+        headers = {
+            'Content-type': ct,
+            'Content-length': str(len(body))
+        }
+        return Request(self.url, body, headers)
+
+    def search(self, terms, operator=None):  # pragma: no cover
+        if isinstance(terms, string_types):
+            terms = {'name': terms}
+        rpc_proxy = ServerProxy(self.url, timeout=3.0)
+        try:
+            return rpc_proxy.search(terms, operator or 'and')
+        finally:
+            rpc_proxy('close')()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9f0788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/locators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1303 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+
+import gzip
+from io import BytesIO
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+import zlib
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (urljoin, urlparse, urlunparse, url2pathname, pathname2url,
+                     queue, quote, unescape, build_opener,
+                     HTTPRedirectHandler as BaseRedirectHandler, text_type,
+                     Request, HTTPError, URLError)
+from .database import Distribution, DistributionPath, make_dist
+from .metadata import Metadata, MetadataInvalidError
+from .util import (cached_property, ensure_slash, split_filename, get_project_data,
+                   parse_requirement, parse_name_and_version, ServerProxy,
+                   normalize_name)
+from .version import get_scheme, UnsupportedVersionError
+from .wheel import Wheel, is_compatible
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+HASHER_HASH = re.compile(r'^(\w+)=([a-f0-9]+)')
+CHARSET = re.compile(r';\s*charset\s*=\s*(.*)\s*$', re.I)
+HTML_CONTENT_TYPE = re.compile('text/html|application/x(ht)?ml')
+DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
+
+
+def get_all_distribution_names(url=None):
+    """
+    Return all distribution names known by an index.
+    :param url: The URL of the index.
+    :return: A list of all known distribution names.
+    """
+    if url is None:
+        url = DEFAULT_INDEX
+    client = ServerProxy(url, timeout=3.0)
+    try:
+        return client.list_packages()
+    finally:
+        client('close')()
+
+
+class RedirectHandler(BaseRedirectHandler):
+    """
+    A class to work around a bug in some Python 3.2.x releases.
+    """
+    # There's a bug in the base version for some 3.2.x
+    # (e.g. 3.2.2 on Ubuntu Oneiric). If a Location header
+    # returns e.g. /abc, it bails because it says the scheme ''
+    # is bogus, when actually it should use the request's
+    # URL for the scheme. See Python issue #13696.
+    def http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        # Some servers (incorrectly) return multiple Location headers
+        # (so probably same goes for URI).  Use first header.
+        newurl = None
+        for key in ('location', 'uri'):
+            if key in headers:
+                newurl = headers[key]
+                break
+        if newurl is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        urlparts = urlparse(newurl)
+        if urlparts.scheme == '':
+            newurl = urljoin(req.get_full_url(), newurl)
+            if hasattr(headers, 'replace_header'):
+                headers.replace_header(key, newurl)
+            else:
+                headers[key] = newurl
+        return BaseRedirectHandler.http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg,
+                                                  headers)
+
+    http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_302
+
+
+class Locator(object):
+    """
+    A base class for locators - things that locate distributions.
+    """
+    source_extensions = ('.tar.gz', '.tar.bz2', '.tar', '.zip', '.tgz', '.tbz')
+    binary_extensions = ('.egg', '.exe', '.whl')
+    excluded_extensions = ('.pdf',)
+
+    # A list of tags indicating which wheels you want to match. The default
+    # value of None matches against the tags compatible with the running
+    # Python. If you want to match other values, set wheel_tags on a locator
+    # instance to a list of tuples (pyver, abi, arch) which you want to match.
+    wheel_tags = None
+
+    downloadable_extensions = source_extensions + ('.whl',)
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme='default'):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param scheme: Because locators look for most recent versions, they
+                       need to know the version scheme to use. This specifies
+                       the current PEP-recommended scheme - use ``'legacy'``
+                       if you need to support existing distributions on PyPI.
+        """
+        self._cache = {}
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        # Because of bugs in some of the handlers on some of the platforms,
+        # we use our own opener rather than just using urlopen.
+        self.opener = build_opener(RedirectHandler())
+        # If get_project() is called from locate(), the matcher instance
+        # is set from the requirement passed to locate(). See issue #18 for
+        # why this can be useful to know.
+        self.matcher = None
+        self.errors = queue.Queue()
+
+    def get_errors(self):
+        """
+        Return any errors which have occurred.
+        """
+        result = []
+        while not self.errors.empty():  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                e = self.errors.get(False)
+                result.append(e)
+            except self.errors.Empty:
+                continue
+            self.errors.task_done()
+        return result
+
+    def clear_errors(self):
+        """
+        Clear any errors which may have been logged.
+        """
+        # Just get the errors and throw them away
+        self.get_errors()
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        self._cache.clear()
+
+    def _get_scheme(self):
+        return self._scheme
+
+    def _set_scheme(self, value):
+        self._scheme = value
+
+    scheme = property(_get_scheme, _set_scheme)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        """
+        For a given project, get a dictionary mapping available versions to Distribution
+        instances.
+
+        This should be implemented in subclasses.
+
+        If called from a locate() request, self.matcher will be set to a
+        matcher for the requirement to satisfy, otherwise it will be None.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in the subclass')
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in the subclass')
+
+    def get_project(self, name):
+        """
+        For a given project, get a dictionary mapping available versions to Distribution
+        instances.
+
+        This calls _get_project to do all the work, and just implements a caching layer on top.
+        """
+        if self._cache is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            result = self._get_project(name)
+        elif name in self._cache:
+            result = self._cache[name]
+        else:
+            self.clear_errors()
+            result = self._get_project(name)
+            self._cache[name] = result
+        return result
+
+    def score_url(self, url):
+        """
+        Give an url a score which can be used to choose preferred URLs
+        for a given project release.
+        """
+        t = urlparse(url)
+        basename = posixpath.basename(t.path)
+        compatible = True
+        is_wheel = basename.endswith('.whl')
+        is_downloadable = basename.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions)
+        if is_wheel:
+            compatible = is_compatible(Wheel(basename), self.wheel_tags)
+        return (t.scheme == 'https', 'pypi.org' in t.netloc,
+                is_downloadable, is_wheel, compatible, basename)
+
+    def prefer_url(self, url1, url2):
+        """
+        Choose one of two URLs where both are candidates for distribution
+        archives for the same version of a distribution (for example,
+        .tar.gz vs. zip).
+
+        The current implementation favours https:// URLs over http://, archives
+        from PyPI over those from other locations, wheel compatibility (if a
+        wheel) and then the archive name.
+        """
+        result = url2
+        if url1:
+            s1 = self.score_url(url1)
+            s2 = self.score_url(url2)
+            if s1 > s2:
+                result = url1
+            if result != url2:
+                logger.debug('Not replacing %r with %r', url1, url2)
+            else:
+                logger.debug('Replacing %r with %r', url1, url2)
+        return result
+
+    def split_filename(self, filename, project_name):
+        """
+        Attempt to split a filename in project name, version and Python version.
+        """
+        return split_filename(filename, project_name)
+
+    def convert_url_to_download_info(self, url, project_name):
+        """
+        See if a URL is a candidate for a download URL for a project (the URL
+        has typically been scraped from an HTML page).
+
+        If it is, a dictionary is returned with keys "name", "version",
+        "filename" and "url"; otherwise, None is returned.
+        """
+        def same_project(name1, name2):
+            return normalize_name(name1) == normalize_name(name2)
+
+        result = None
+        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(url)
+        if frag.lower().startswith('egg='):  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug('%s: version hint in fragment: %r',
+                         project_name, frag)
+        m = HASHER_HASH.match(frag)
+        if m:
+            algo, digest = m.groups()
+        else:
+            algo, digest = None, None
+        origpath = path
+        if path and path[-1] == '/':  # pragma: no cover
+            path = path[:-1]
+        if path.endswith('.whl'):
+            try:
+                wheel = Wheel(path)
+                if not is_compatible(wheel, self.wheel_tags):
+                    logger.debug('Wheel not compatible: %s', path)
+                else:
+                    if project_name is None:
+                        include = True
+                    else:
+                        include = same_project(wheel.name, project_name)
+                    if include:
+                        result = {
+                            'name': wheel.name,
+                            'version': wheel.version,
+                            'filename': wheel.filename,
+                            'url': urlunparse((scheme, netloc, origpath,
+                                               params, query, '')),
+                            'python-version': ', '.join(
+                                ['.'.join(list(v[2:])) for v in wheel.pyver]),
+                        }
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning('invalid path for wheel: %s', path)
+        elif not path.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions):  # pragma: no cover
+            logger.debug('Not downloadable: %s', path)
+        else:  # downloadable extension
+            path = filename = posixpath.basename(path)
+            for ext in self.downloadable_extensions:
+                if path.endswith(ext):
+                    path = path[:-len(ext)]
+                    t = self.split_filename(path, project_name)
+                    if not t:  # pragma: no cover
+                        logger.debug('No match for project/version: %s', path)
+                    else:
+                        name, version, pyver = t
+                        if not project_name or same_project(project_name, name):
+                            result = {
+                                'name': name,
+                                'version': version,
+                                'filename': filename,
+                                'url': urlunparse((scheme, netloc, origpath,
+                                                   params, query, '')),
+                            }
+                            if pyver:  # pragma: no cover
+                                result['python-version'] = pyver
+                    break
+        if result and algo:
+            result['%s_digest' % algo] = digest
+        return result
+
+    def _get_digest(self, info):
+        """
+        Get a digest from a dictionary by looking at a "digests" dictionary
+        or keys of the form 'algo_digest'.
+
+        Returns a 2-tuple (algo, digest) if found, else None. Currently
+        looks only for SHA256, then MD5.
+        """
+        result = None
+        if 'digests' in info:
+            digests = info['digests']
+            for algo in ('sha256', 'md5'):
+                if algo in digests:
+                    result = (algo, digests[algo])
+                    break
+        if not result:
+            for algo in ('sha256', 'md5'):
+                key = '%s_digest' % algo
+                if key in info:
+                    result = (algo, info[key])
+                    break
+        return result
+
+    def _update_version_data(self, result, info):
+        """
+        Update a result dictionary (the final result from _get_project) with a
+        dictionary for a specific version, which typically holds information
+        gleaned from a filename or URL for an archive for the distribution.
+        """
+        name = info.pop('name')
+        version = info.pop('version')
+        if version in result:
+            dist = result[version]
+            md = dist.metadata
+        else:
+            dist = make_dist(name, version, scheme=self.scheme)
+            md = dist.metadata
+        dist.digest = digest = self._get_digest(info)
+        url = info['url']
+        result['digests'][url] = digest
+        if md.source_url != info['url']:
+            md.source_url = self.prefer_url(md.source_url, url)
+            result['urls'].setdefault(version, set()).add(url)
+        dist.locator = self
+        result[version] = dist
+
+    def locate(self, requirement, prereleases=False):
+        """
+        Find the most recent distribution which matches the given
+        requirement.
+
+        :param requirement: A requirement of the form 'foo (1.0)' or perhaps
+                            'foo (>= 1.0, < 2.0, != 1.3)'
+        :param prereleases: If ``True``, allow pre-release versions
+                            to be located. Otherwise, pre-release versions
+                            are not returned.
+        :return: A :class:`Distribution` instance, or ``None`` if no such
+                 distribution could be located.
+        """
+        result = None
+        r = parse_requirement(requirement)
+        if r is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DistlibException('Not a valid requirement: %r' % requirement)
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+        self.matcher = matcher = scheme.matcher(r.requirement)
+        logger.debug('matcher: %s (%s)', matcher, type(matcher).__name__)
+        versions = self.get_project(r.name)
+        if len(versions) > 2:   # urls and digests keys are present
+            # sometimes, versions are invalid
+            slist = []
+            vcls = matcher.version_class
+            for k in versions:
+                if k in ('urls', 'digests'):
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    if not matcher.match(k):
+                        pass  # logger.debug('%s did not match %r', matcher, k)
+                    else:
+                        if prereleases or not vcls(k).is_prerelease:
+                            slist.append(k)
+                except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.warning('error matching %s with %r', matcher, k)
+                    pass  # slist.append(k)
+            if len(slist) > 1:
+                slist = sorted(slist, key=scheme.key)
+            if slist:
+                logger.debug('sorted list: %s', slist)
+                version = slist[-1]
+                result = versions[version]
+        if result:
+            if r.extras:
+                result.extras = r.extras
+            result.download_urls = versions.get('urls', {}).get(version, set())
+            d = {}
+            sd = versions.get('digests', {})
+            for url in result.download_urls:
+                if url in sd:  # pragma: no cover
+                    d[url] = sd[url]
+            result.digests = d
+        self.matcher = None
+        return result
+
+
+class PyPIRPCLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses XML-RPC to locate distributions. It therefore
+    cannot be used with simple mirrors (that only mirror file content).
+    """
+    def __init__(self, url, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param url: The URL to use for XML-RPC.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor.
+        """
+        super(PyPIRPCLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = url
+        self.client = ServerProxy(url, timeout=3.0)
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        return set(self.client.list_packages())
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        versions = self.client.package_releases(name, True)
+        for v in versions:
+            urls = self.client.release_urls(name, v)
+            data = self.client.release_data(name, v)
+            metadata = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+            metadata.name = data['name']
+            metadata.version = data['version']
+            metadata.license = data.get('license')
+            metadata.keywords = data.get('keywords', [])
+            metadata.summary = data.get('summary')
+            dist = Distribution(metadata)
+            if urls:
+                info = urls[0]
+                metadata.source_url = info['url']
+                dist.digest = self._get_digest(info)
+                dist.locator = self
+                result[v] = dist
+                for info in urls:
+                    url = info['url']
+                    digest = self._get_digest(info)
+                    result['urls'].setdefault(v, set()).add(url)
+                    result['digests'][url] = digest
+        return result
+
+
+class PyPIJSONLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses PyPI's JSON interface. It's very limited in functionality
+    and probably not worth using.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, url, **kwargs):
+        super(PyPIJSONLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = ensure_slash(url)
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Not available from this locator')
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        url = urljoin(self.base_url, '%s/json' % quote(name))
+        try:
+            resp = self.opener.open(url)
+            data = resp.read().decode()  # for now
+            d = json.loads(data)
+            md = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+            data = d['info']
+            md.name = data['name']
+            md.version = data['version']
+            md.license = data.get('license')
+            md.keywords = data.get('keywords', [])
+            md.summary = data.get('summary')
+            dist = Distribution(md)
+            dist.locator = self
+            # urls = d['urls']
+            result[md.version] = dist
+            for info in d['urls']:
+                url = info['url']
+                dist.download_urls.add(url)
+                dist.digests[url] = self._get_digest(info)
+                result['urls'].setdefault(md.version, set()).add(url)
+                result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+            # Now get other releases
+            for version, infos in d['releases'].items():
+                if version == md.version:
+                    continue    # already done
+                omd = Metadata(scheme=self.scheme)
+                omd.name = md.name
+                omd.version = version
+                odist = Distribution(omd)
+                odist.locator = self
+                result[version] = odist
+                for info in infos:
+                    url = info['url']
+                    odist.download_urls.add(url)
+                    odist.digests[url] = self._get_digest(info)
+                    result['urls'].setdefault(version, set()).add(url)
+                    result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+#            for info in urls:
+#                md.source_url = info['url']
+#                dist.digest = self._get_digest(info)
+#                dist.locator = self
+#                for info in urls:
+#                    url = info['url']
+#                    result['urls'].setdefault(md.version, set()).add(url)
+#                    result['digests'][url] = self._get_digest(info)
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.errors.put(text_type(e))
+            logger.exception('JSON fetch failed: %s', e)
+        return result
+
+
+class Page(object):
+    """
+    This class represents a scraped HTML page.
+    """
+    # The following slightly hairy-looking regex just looks for the contents of
+    # an anchor link, which has an attribute "href" either immediately preceded
+    # or immediately followed by a "rel" attribute. The attribute values can be
+    # declared with double quotes, single quotes or no quotes - which leads to
+    # the length of the expression.
+    _href = re.compile("""
+(rel\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<rel1>[^"]*)"|'(?P<rel2>[^']*)'|(?P<rel3>[^>\\s\n]*))\\s+)?
+href\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<url1>[^"]*)"|'(?P<url2>[^']*)'|(?P<url3>[^>\\s\n]*))
+(\\s+rel\\s*=\\s*(?:"(?P<rel4>[^"]*)"|'(?P<rel5>[^']*)'|(?P<rel6>[^>\\s\n]*)))?
+""", re.I | re.S | re.X)
+    _base = re.compile(r"""<base\s+href\s*=\s*['"]?([^'">]+)""", re.I | re.S)
+
+    def __init__(self, data, url):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance with the Unicode page contents and the URL they
+        came from.
+        """
+        self.data = data
+        self.base_url = self.url = url
+        m = self._base.search(self.data)
+        if m:
+            self.base_url = m.group(1)
+
+    _clean_re = re.compile(r'[^a-z0-9$&+,/:;=?@.#%_\\|-]', re.I)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def links(self):
+        """
+        Return the URLs of all the links on a page together with information
+        about their "rel" attribute, for determining which ones to treat as
+        downloads and which ones to queue for further scraping.
+        """
+        def clean(url):
+            "Tidy up an URL."
+            scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(url)
+            return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, quote(path),
+                               params, query, frag))
+
+        result = set()
+        for match in self._href.finditer(self.data):
+            d = match.groupdict('')
+            rel = (d['rel1'] or d['rel2'] or d['rel3'] or
+                   d['rel4'] or d['rel5'] or d['rel6'])
+            url = d['url1'] or d['url2'] or d['url3']
+            url = urljoin(self.base_url, url)
+            url = unescape(url)
+            url = self._clean_re.sub(lambda m: '%%%2x' % ord(m.group(0)), url)
+            result.add((url, rel))
+        # We sort the result, hoping to bring the most recent versions
+        # to the front
+        result = sorted(result, key=lambda t: t[0], reverse=True)
+        return result
+
+
+class SimpleScrapingLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    A locator which scrapes HTML pages to locate downloads for a distribution.
+    This runs multiple threads to do the I/O; performance is at least as good
+    as pip's PackageFinder, which works in an analogous fashion.
+    """
+
+    # These are used to deal with various Content-Encoding schemes.
+    decoders = {
+        'deflate': zlib.decompress,
+        'gzip': lambda b: gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=BytesIO(b)).read(),
+        'none': lambda b: b,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, url, timeout=None, num_workers=10, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param url: The root URL to use for scraping.
+        :param timeout: The timeout, in seconds, to be applied to requests.
+                        This defaults to ``None`` (no timeout specified).
+        :param num_workers: The number of worker threads you want to do I/O,
+                            This defaults to 10.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass.
+        """
+        super(SimpleScrapingLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.base_url = ensure_slash(url)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self._page_cache = {}
+        self._seen = set()
+        self._to_fetch = queue.Queue()
+        self._bad_hosts = set()
+        self.skip_externals = False
+        self.num_workers = num_workers
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        # See issue #45: we need to be resilient when the locator is used
+        # in a thread, e.g. with concurrent.futures. We can't use self._lock
+        # as it is for coordinating our internal threads - the ones created
+        # in _prepare_threads.
+        self._gplock = threading.RLock()
+        self.platform_check = False  # See issue #112
+
+    def _prepare_threads(self):
+        """
+        Threads are created only when get_project is called, and terminate
+        before it returns. They are there primarily to parallelise I/O (i.e.
+        fetching web pages).
+        """
+        self._threads = []
+        for i in range(self.num_workers):
+            t = threading.Thread(target=self._fetch)
+            t.daemon = True
+            t.start()
+            self._threads.append(t)
+
+    def _wait_threads(self):
+        """
+        Tell all the threads to terminate (by sending a sentinel value) and
+        wait for them to do so.
+        """
+        # Note that you need two loops, since you can't say which
+        # thread will get each sentinel
+        for t in self._threads:
+            self._to_fetch.put(None)    # sentinel
+        for t in self._threads:
+            t.join()
+        self._threads = []
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        with self._gplock:
+            self.result = result
+            self.project_name = name
+            url = urljoin(self.base_url, '%s/' % quote(name))
+            self._seen.clear()
+            self._page_cache.clear()
+            self._prepare_threads()
+            try:
+                logger.debug('Queueing %s', url)
+                self._to_fetch.put(url)
+                self._to_fetch.join()
+            finally:
+                self._wait_threads()
+            del self.result
+        return result
+
+    platform_dependent = re.compile(r'\b(linux_(i\d86|x86_64|arm\w+)|'
+                                    r'win(32|_amd64)|macosx_?\d+)\b', re.I)
+
+    def _is_platform_dependent(self, url):
+        """
+        Does an URL refer to a platform-specific download?
+        """
+        return self.platform_dependent.search(url)
+
+    def _process_download(self, url):
+        """
+        See if an URL is a suitable download for a project.
+
+        If it is, register information in the result dictionary (for
+        _get_project) about the specific version it's for.
+
+        Note that the return value isn't actually used other than as a boolean
+        value.
+        """
+        if self.platform_check and self._is_platform_dependent(url):
+            info = None
+        else:
+            info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, self.project_name)
+        logger.debug('process_download: %s -> %s', url, info)
+        if info:
+            with self._lock:    # needed because self.result is shared
+                self._update_version_data(self.result, info)
+        return info
+
+    def _should_queue(self, link, referrer, rel):
+        """
+        Determine whether a link URL from a referring page and with a
+        particular "rel" attribute should be queued for scraping.
+        """
+        scheme, netloc, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(link)
+        if path.endswith(self.source_extensions + self.binary_extensions +
+                         self.excluded_extensions):
+            result = False
+        elif self.skip_externals and not link.startswith(self.base_url):
+            result = False
+        elif not referrer.startswith(self.base_url):
+            result = False
+        elif rel not in ('homepage', 'download'):
+            result = False
+        elif scheme not in ('http', 'https', 'ftp'):
+            result = False
+        elif self._is_platform_dependent(link):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            host = netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
+            if host.lower() == 'localhost':
+                result = False
+            else:
+                result = True
+        logger.debug('should_queue: %s (%s) from %s -> %s', link, rel,
+                     referrer, result)
+        return result
+
+    def _fetch(self):
+        """
+        Get a URL to fetch from the work queue, get the HTML page, examine its
+        links for download candidates and candidates for further scraping.
+
+        This is a handy method to run in a thread.
+        """
+        while True:
+            url = self._to_fetch.get()
+            try:
+                if url:
+                    page = self.get_page(url)
+                    if page is None:    # e.g. after an error
+                        continue
+                    for link, rel in page.links:
+                        if link not in self._seen:
+                            try:
+                                self._seen.add(link)
+                                if (not self._process_download(link) and
+                                        self._should_queue(link, url, rel)):
+                                    logger.debug('Queueing %s from %s', link, url)
+                                    self._to_fetch.put(link)
+                            except MetadataInvalidError:  # e.g. invalid versions
+                                pass
+            except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.errors.put(text_type(e))
+            finally:
+                # always do this, to avoid hangs :-)
+                self._to_fetch.task_done()
+            if not url:
+                # logger.debug('Sentinel seen, quitting.')
+                break
+
+    def get_page(self, url):
+        """
+        Get the HTML for an URL, possibly from an in-memory cache.
+
+        XXX TODO Note: this cache is never actually cleared. It's assumed that
+        the data won't get stale over the lifetime of a locator instance (not
+        necessarily true for the default_locator).
+        """
+        # http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#package-index-api
+        scheme, netloc, path, _, _, _ = urlparse(url)
+        if scheme == 'file' and os.path.isdir(url2pathname(path)):
+            url = urljoin(ensure_slash(url), 'index.html')
+
+        if url in self._page_cache:
+            result = self._page_cache[url]
+            logger.debug('Returning %s from cache: %s', url, result)
+        else:
+            host = netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
+            result = None
+            if host in self._bad_hosts:
+                logger.debug('Skipping %s due to bad host %s', url, host)
+            else:
+                req = Request(url, headers={'Accept-encoding': 'identity'})
+                try:
+                    logger.debug('Fetching %s', url)
+                    resp = self.opener.open(req, timeout=self.timeout)
+                    logger.debug('Fetched %s', url)
+                    headers = resp.info()
+                    content_type = headers.get('Content-Type', '')
+                    if HTML_CONTENT_TYPE.match(content_type):
+                        final_url = resp.geturl()
+                        data = resp.read()
+                        encoding = headers.get('Content-Encoding')
+                        if encoding:
+                            decoder = self.decoders[encoding]   # fail if not found
+                            data = decoder(data)
+                        encoding = 'utf-8'
+                        m = CHARSET.search(content_type)
+                        if m:
+                            encoding = m.group(1)
+                        try:
+                            data = data.decode(encoding)
+                        except UnicodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                            data = data.decode('latin-1')    # fallback
+                        result = Page(data, final_url)
+                        self._page_cache[final_url] = result
+                except HTTPError as e:
+                    if e.code != 404:
+                        logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                except URLError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                    with self._lock:
+                        self._bad_hosts.add(host)
+                except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    logger.exception('Fetch failed: %s: %s', url, e)
+                finally:
+                    self._page_cache[url] = result   # even if None (failure)
+        return result
+
+    _distname_re = re.compile('<a href=[^>]*>([^<]+)<')
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        page = self.get_page(self.base_url)
+        if not page:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to get %s' % self.base_url)
+        for match in self._distname_re.finditer(page.data):
+            result.add(match.group(1))
+        return result
+
+
+class DirectoryLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This class locates distributions in a directory tree.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+        :param path: The root of the directory tree to search.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor,
+                       except for:
+                       * recursive - if True (the default), subdirectories are
+                         recursed into. If False, only the top-level directory
+                         is searched,
+        """
+        self.recursive = kwargs.pop('recursive', True)
+        super(DirectoryLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+        if not os.path.isdir(path):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' % path)
+        self.base_dir = path
+
+    def should_include(self, filename, parent):
+        """
+        Should a filename be considered as a candidate for a distribution
+        archive? As well as the filename, the directory which contains it
+        is provided, though not used by the current implementation.
+        """
+        return filename.endswith(self.downloadable_extensions)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if self.should_include(fn, root):
+                    fn = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                    url = urlunparse(('file', '',
+                                      pathname2url(os.path.abspath(fn)),
+                                      '', '', ''))
+                    info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, name)
+                    if info:
+                        self._update_version_data(result, info)
+            if not self.recursive:
+                break
+        return result
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.base_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if self.should_include(fn, root):
+                    fn = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                    url = urlunparse(('file', '',
+                                      pathname2url(os.path.abspath(fn)),
+                                      '', '', ''))
+                    info = self.convert_url_to_download_info(url, None)
+                    if info:
+                        result.add(info['name'])
+            if not self.recursive:
+                break
+        return result
+
+
+class JSONLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator uses special extended metadata (not available on PyPI) and is
+    the basis of performant dependency resolution in distlib. Other locators
+    require archive downloads before dependencies can be determined! As you
+    might imagine, that can be slow.
+    """
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Not available from this locator')
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        data = get_project_data(name)
+        if data:
+            for info in data.get('files', []):
+                if info['ptype'] != 'sdist' or info['pyversion'] != 'source':
+                    continue
+                # We don't store summary in project metadata as it makes
+                # the data bigger for no benefit during dependency
+                # resolution
+                dist = make_dist(data['name'], info['version'],
+                                 summary=data.get('summary',
+                                                  'Placeholder for summary'),
+                                 scheme=self.scheme)
+                md = dist.metadata
+                md.source_url = info['url']
+                # TODO SHA256 digest
+                if 'digest' in info and info['digest']:
+                    dist.digest = ('md5', info['digest'])
+                md.dependencies = info.get('requirements', {})
+                dist.exports = info.get('exports', {})
+                result[dist.version] = dist
+                result['urls'].setdefault(dist.version, set()).add(info['url'])
+        return result
+
+
+class DistPathLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This locator finds installed distributions in a path. It can be useful for
+    adding to an :class:`AggregatingLocator`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, distpath, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param distpath: A :class:`DistributionPath` instance to search.
+        """
+        super(DistPathLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        assert isinstance(distpath, DistributionPath)
+        self.distpath = distpath
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        dist = self.distpath.get_distribution(name)
+        if dist is None:
+            result = {'urls': {}, 'digests': {}}
+        else:
+            result = {
+                dist.version: dist,
+                'urls': {dist.version: set([dist.source_url])},
+                'digests': {dist.version: set([None])}
+            }
+        return result
+
+
+class AggregatingLocator(Locator):
+    """
+    This class allows you to chain and/or merge a list of locators.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *locators, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param locators: The list of locators to search.
+        :param kwargs: Passed to the superclass constructor,
+                       except for:
+                       * merge - if False (the default), the first successful
+                         search from any of the locators is returned. If True,
+                         the results from all locators are merged (this can be
+                         slow).
+        """
+        self.merge = kwargs.pop('merge', False)
+        self.locators = locators
+        super(AggregatingLocator, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        super(AggregatingLocator, self).clear_cache()
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            locator.clear_cache()
+
+    def _set_scheme(self, value):
+        self._scheme = value
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            locator.scheme = value
+
+    scheme = property(Locator.scheme.fget, _set_scheme)
+
+    def _get_project(self, name):
+        result = {}
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            d = locator.get_project(name)
+            if d:
+                if self.merge:
+                    files = result.get('urls', {})
+                    digests = result.get('digests', {})
+                    # next line could overwrite result['urls'], result['digests']
+                    result.update(d)
+                    df = result.get('urls')
+                    if files and df:
+                        for k, v in files.items():
+                            if k in df:
+                                df[k] |= v
+                            else:
+                                df[k] = v
+                    dd = result.get('digests')
+                    if digests and dd:
+                        dd.update(digests)
+                else:
+                    # See issue #18. If any dists are found and we're looking
+                    # for specific constraints, we only return something if
+                    # a match is found. For example, if a DirectoryLocator
+                    # returns just foo (1.0) while we're looking for
+                    # foo (>= 2.0), we'll pretend there was nothing there so
+                    # that subsequent locators can be queried. Otherwise we
+                    # would just return foo (1.0) which would then lead to a
+                    # failure to find foo (>= 2.0), because other locators
+                    # weren't searched. Note that this only matters when
+                    # merge=False.
+                    if self.matcher is None:
+                        found = True
+                    else:
+                        found = False
+                        for k in d:
+                            if self.matcher.match(k):
+                                found = True
+                                break
+                    if found:
+                        result = d
+                        break
+        return result
+
+    def get_distribution_names(self):
+        """
+        Return all the distribution names known to this locator.
+        """
+        result = set()
+        for locator in self.locators:
+            try:
+                result |= locator.get_distribution_names()
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+
+# We use a legacy scheme simply because most of the dists on PyPI use legacy
+# versions which don't conform to PEP 440.
+default_locator = AggregatingLocator(
+                    # JSONLocator(), # don't use as PEP 426 is withdrawn
+                    SimpleScrapingLocator('https://pypi.org/simple/',
+                                          timeout=3.0),
+                    scheme='legacy')
+
+locate = default_locator.locate
+
+
+class DependencyFinder(object):
+    """
+    Locate dependencies for distributions.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, locator=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance, using the specified locator
+        to locate distributions.
+        """
+        self.locator = locator or default_locator
+        self.scheme = get_scheme(self.locator.scheme)
+
+    def add_distribution(self, dist):
+        """
+        Add a distribution to the finder. This will update internal information
+        about who provides what.
+        :param dist: The distribution to add.
+        """
+        logger.debug('adding distribution %s', dist)
+        name = dist.key
+        self.dists_by_name[name] = dist
+        self.dists[(name, dist.version)] = dist
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Add to provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            self.provided.setdefault(name, set()).add((version, dist))
+
+    def remove_distribution(self, dist):
+        """
+        Remove a distribution from the finder. This will update internal
+        information about who provides what.
+        :param dist: The distribution to remove.
+        """
+        logger.debug('removing distribution %s', dist)
+        name = dist.key
+        del self.dists_by_name[name]
+        del self.dists[(name, dist.version)]
+        for p in dist.provides:
+            name, version = parse_name_and_version(p)
+            logger.debug('Remove from provided: %s, %s, %s', name, version, dist)
+            s = self.provided[name]
+            s.remove((version, dist))
+            if not s:
+                del self.provided[name]
+
+    def get_matcher(self, reqt):
+        """
+        Get a version matcher for a requirement.
+        :param reqt: The requirement
+        :type reqt: str
+        :return: A version matcher (an instance of
+                 :class:`distlib.version.Matcher`).
+        """
+        try:
+            matcher = self.scheme.matcher(reqt)
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # XXX compat-mode if cannot read the version
+            name = reqt.split()[0]
+            matcher = self.scheme.matcher(name)
+        return matcher
+
+    def find_providers(self, reqt):
+        """
+        Find the distributions which can fulfill a requirement.
+
+        :param reqt: The requirement.
+         :type reqt: str
+        :return: A set of distribution which can fulfill the requirement.
+        """
+        matcher = self.get_matcher(reqt)
+        name = matcher.key   # case-insensitive
+        result = set()
+        provided = self.provided
+        if name in provided:
+            for version, provider in provided[name]:
+                try:
+                    match = matcher.match(version)
+                except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                    match = False
+
+                if match:
+                    result.add(provider)
+                    break
+        return result
+
+    def try_to_replace(self, provider, other, problems):
+        """
+        Attempt to replace one provider with another. This is typically used
+        when resolving dependencies from multiple sources, e.g. A requires
+        (B >= 1.0) while C requires (B >= 1.1).
+
+        For successful replacement, ``provider`` must meet all the requirements
+        which ``other`` fulfills.
+
+        :param provider: The provider we are trying to replace with.
+        :param other: The provider we're trying to replace.
+        :param problems: If False is returned, this will contain what
+                         problems prevented replacement. This is currently
+                         a tuple of the literal string 'cantreplace',
+                         ``provider``, ``other``  and the set of requirements
+                         that ``provider`` couldn't fulfill.
+        :return: True if we can replace ``other`` with ``provider``, else
+                 False.
+        """
+        rlist = self.reqts[other]
+        unmatched = set()
+        for s in rlist:
+            matcher = self.get_matcher(s)
+            if not matcher.match(provider.version):
+                unmatched.add(s)
+        if unmatched:
+            # can't replace other with provider
+            problems.add(('cantreplace', provider, other,
+                          frozenset(unmatched)))
+            result = False
+        else:
+            # can replace other with provider
+            self.remove_distribution(other)
+            del self.reqts[other]
+            for s in rlist:
+                self.reqts.setdefault(provider, set()).add(s)
+            self.add_distribution(provider)
+            result = True
+        return result
+
+    def find(self, requirement, meta_extras=None, prereleases=False):
+        """
+        Find a distribution and all distributions it depends on.
+
+        :param requirement: The requirement specifying the distribution to
+                            find, or a Distribution instance.
+        :param meta_extras: A list of meta extras such as :test:, :build: and
+                            so on.
+        :param prereleases: If ``True``, allow pre-release versions to be
+                            returned - otherwise, don't return prereleases
+                            unless they're all that's available.
+
+        Return a set of :class:`Distribution` instances and a set of
+        problems.
+
+        The distributions returned should be such that they have the
+        :attr:`required` attribute set to ``True`` if they were
+        from the ``requirement`` passed to ``find()``, and they have the
+        :attr:`build_time_dependency` attribute set to ``True`` unless they
+        are post-installation dependencies of the ``requirement``.
+
+        The problems should be a tuple consisting of the string
+        ``'unsatisfied'`` and the requirement which couldn't be satisfied
+        by any distribution known to the locator.
+        """
+
+        self.provided = {}
+        self.dists = {}
+        self.dists_by_name = {}
+        self.reqts = {}
+
+        meta_extras = set(meta_extras or [])
+        if ':*:' in meta_extras:
+            meta_extras.remove(':*:')
+            # :meta: and :run: are implicitly included
+            meta_extras |= set([':test:', ':build:', ':dev:'])
+
+        if isinstance(requirement, Distribution):
+            dist = odist = requirement
+            logger.debug('passed %s as requirement', odist)
+        else:
+            dist = odist = self.locator.locate(requirement,
+                                               prereleases=prereleases)
+            if dist is None:
+                raise DistlibException('Unable to locate %r' % requirement)
+            logger.debug('located %s', odist)
+        dist.requested = True
+        problems = set()
+        todo = set([dist])
+        install_dists = set([odist])
+        while todo:
+            dist = todo.pop()
+            name = dist.key     # case-insensitive
+            if name not in self.dists_by_name:
+                self.add_distribution(dist)
+            else:
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                other = self.dists_by_name[name]
+                if other != dist:
+                    self.try_to_replace(dist, other, problems)
+
+            ireqts = dist.run_requires | dist.meta_requires
+            sreqts = dist.build_requires
+            ereqts = set()
+            if meta_extras and dist in install_dists:
+                for key in ('test', 'build', 'dev'):
+                    e = ':%s:' % key
+                    if e in meta_extras:
+                        ereqts |= getattr(dist, '%s_requires' % key)
+            all_reqts = ireqts | sreqts | ereqts
+            for r in all_reqts:
+                providers = self.find_providers(r)
+                if not providers:
+                    logger.debug('No providers found for %r', r)
+                    provider = self.locator.locate(r, prereleases=prereleases)
+                    # If no provider is found and we didn't consider
+                    # prereleases, consider them now.
+                    if provider is None and not prereleases:
+                        provider = self.locator.locate(r, prereleases=True)
+                    if provider is None:
+                        logger.debug('Cannot satisfy %r', r)
+                        problems.add(('unsatisfied', r))
+                    else:
+                        n, v = provider.key, provider.version
+                        if (n, v) not in self.dists:
+                            todo.add(provider)
+                        providers.add(provider)
+                        if r in ireqts and dist in install_dists:
+                            install_dists.add(provider)
+                            logger.debug('Adding %s to install_dists',
+                                         provider.name_and_version)
+                for p in providers:
+                    name = p.key
+                    if name not in self.dists_by_name:
+                        self.reqts.setdefault(p, set()).add(r)
+                    else:
+                        other = self.dists_by_name[name]
+                        if other != p:
+                            # see if other can be replaced by p
+                            self.try_to_replace(p, other, problems)
+
+        dists = set(self.dists.values())
+        for dist in dists:
+            dist.build_time_dependency = dist not in install_dists
+            if dist.build_time_dependency:
+                logger.debug('%s is a build-time dependency only.',
+                             dist.name_and_version)
+        logger.debug('find done for %s', odist)
+        return dists, problems
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..420dcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/manifest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Class representing the list of files in a distribution.
+
+Equivalent to distutils.filelist, but fixes some problems.
+"""
+import fnmatch
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import fsdecode
+from .util import convert_path
+
+
+__all__ = ['Manifest']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# a \ followed by some spaces + EOL
+_COLLAPSE_PATTERN = re.compile('\\\\w*\n', re.M)
+_COMMENTED_LINE = re.compile('#.*?(?=\n)|\n(?=$)', re.M | re.S)
+
+#
+# Due to the different results returned by fnmatch.translate, we need
+# to do slightly different processing for Python 2.7 and 3.2 ... this needed
+# to be brought in for Python 3.6 onwards.
+#
+_PYTHON_VERSION = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class Manifest(object):
+    """
+    A list of files built by exploring the filesystem and filtered by applying various
+    patterns to what we find there.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, base=None):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param base: The base directory to explore under.
+        """
+        self.base = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(base or os.getcwd()))
+        self.prefix = self.base + os.sep
+        self.allfiles = None
+        self.files = set()
+
+    #
+    # Public API
+    #
+
+    def findall(self):
+        """Find all files under the base and set ``allfiles`` to the absolute
+        pathnames of files found.
+        """
+        from stat import S_ISREG, S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+        self.allfiles = allfiles = []
+        root = self.base
+        stack = [root]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+
+        while stack:
+            root = pop()
+            names = os.listdir(root)
+
+            for name in names:
+                fullname = os.path.join(root, name)
+
+                # Avoid excess stat calls -- just one will do, thank you!
+                stat = os.stat(fullname)
+                mode = stat.st_mode
+                if S_ISREG(mode):
+                    allfiles.append(fsdecode(fullname))
+                elif S_ISDIR(mode) and not S_ISLNK(mode):
+                    push(fullname)
+
+    def add(self, item):
+        """
+        Add a file to the manifest.
+
+        :param item: The pathname to add. This can be relative to the base.
+        """
+        if not item.startswith(self.prefix):
+            item = os.path.join(self.base, item)
+        self.files.add(os.path.normpath(item))
+
+    def add_many(self, items):
+        """
+        Add a list of files to the manifest.
+
+        :param items: The pathnames to add. These can be relative to the base.
+        """
+        for item in items:
+            self.add(item)
+
+    def sorted(self, wantdirs=False):
+        """
+        Return sorted files in directory order
+        """
+
+        def add_dir(dirs, d):
+            dirs.add(d)
+            logger.debug('add_dir added %s', d)
+            if d != self.base:
+                parent, _ = os.path.split(d)
+                assert parent not in ('', '/')
+                add_dir(dirs, parent)
+
+        result = set(self.files)    # make a copy!
+        if wantdirs:
+            dirs = set()
+            for f in result:
+                add_dir(dirs, os.path.dirname(f))
+            result |= dirs
+        return [os.path.join(*path_tuple) for path_tuple in
+                sorted(os.path.split(path) for path in result)]
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Clear all collected files."""
+        self.files = set()
+        self.allfiles = []
+
+    def process_directive(self, directive):
+        """
+        Process a directive which either adds some files from ``allfiles`` to
+        ``files``, or removes some files from ``files``.
+
+        :param directive: The directive to process. This should be in a format
+                     compatible with distutils ``MANIFEST.in`` files:
+
+                     http://docs.python.org/distutils/sourcedist.html#commands
+        """
+        # Parse the line: split it up, make sure the right number of words
+        # is there, and return the relevant words.  'action' is always
+        # defined: it's the first word of the line.  Which of the other
+        # three are defined depends on the action; it'll be either
+        # patterns, (dir and patterns), or (dirpattern).
+        action, patterns, thedir, dirpattern = self._parse_directive(directive)
+
+        # OK, now we know that the action is valid and we have the
+        # right number of words on the line for that action -- so we
+        # can proceed with minimal error-checking.
+        if action == 'include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, anchor=True):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r', pattern)
+
+        elif action == 'exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, anchor=True)
+
+        elif action == 'global-include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, anchor=False):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r '
+                                   'anywhere in distribution', pattern)
+
+        elif action == 'global-exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, anchor=False)
+
+        elif action == 'recursive-include':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                if not self._include_pattern(pattern, prefix=thedir):
+                    logger.warning('no files found matching %r '
+                                   'under directory %r', pattern, thedir)
+
+        elif action == 'recursive-exclude':
+            for pattern in patterns:
+                self._exclude_pattern(pattern, prefix=thedir)
+
+        elif action == 'graft':
+            if not self._include_pattern(None, prefix=dirpattern):
+                logger.warning('no directories found matching %r',
+                               dirpattern)
+
+        elif action == 'prune':
+            if not self._exclude_pattern(None, prefix=dirpattern):
+                logger.warning('no previously-included directories found '
+                               'matching %r', dirpattern)
+        else:   # pragma: no cover
+            # This should never happen, as it should be caught in
+            # _parse_template_line
+            raise DistlibException(
+                'invalid action %r' % action)
+
+    #
+    # Private API
+    #
+
+    def _parse_directive(self, directive):
+        """
+        Validate a directive.
+        :param directive: The directive to validate.
+        :return: A tuple of action, patterns, thedir, dir_patterns
+        """
+        words = directive.split()
+        if len(words) == 1 and words[0] not in ('include', 'exclude',
+                                                'global-include',
+                                                'global-exclude',
+                                                'recursive-include',
+                                                'recursive-exclude',
+                                                'graft', 'prune'):
+            # no action given, let's use the default 'include'
+            words.insert(0, 'include')
+
+        action = words[0]
+        patterns = thedir = dir_pattern = None
+
+        if action in ('include', 'exclude',
+                      'global-include', 'global-exclude'):
+            if len(words) < 2:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects <pattern1> <pattern2> ...' % action)
+
+            patterns = [convert_path(word) for word in words[1:]]
+
+        elif action in ('recursive-include', 'recursive-exclude'):
+            if len(words) < 3:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...' % action)
+
+            thedir = convert_path(words[1])
+            patterns = [convert_path(word) for word in words[2:]]
+
+        elif action in ('graft', 'prune'):
+            if len(words) != 2:
+                raise DistlibException(
+                    '%r expects a single <dir_pattern>' % action)
+
+            dir_pattern = convert_path(words[1])
+
+        else:
+            raise DistlibException('unknown action %r' % action)
+
+        return action, patterns, thedir, dir_pattern
+
+    def _include_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                         is_regex=False):
+        """Select strings (presumably filenames) from 'self.files' that
+        match 'pattern', a Unix-style wildcard (glob) pattern.
+
+        Patterns are not quite the same as implemented by the 'fnmatch'
+        module: '*' and '?'  match non-special characters, where "special"
+        is platform-dependent: slash on Unix; colon, slash, and backslash on
+        DOS/Windows; and colon on Mac OS.
+
+        If 'anchor' is true (the default), then the pattern match is more
+        stringent: "*.py" will match "foo.py" but not "foo/bar.py".  If
+        'anchor' is false, both of these will match.
+
+        If 'prefix' is supplied, then only filenames starting with 'prefix'
+        (itself a pattern) and ending with 'pattern', with anything in between
+        them, will match.  'anchor' is ignored in this case.
+
+        If 'is_regex' is true, 'anchor' and 'prefix' are ignored, and
+        'pattern' is assumed to be either a string containing a regex or a
+        regex object -- no translation is done, the regex is just compiled
+        and used as-is.
+
+        Selected strings will be added to self.files.
+
+        Return True if files are found.
+        """
+        # XXX docstring lying about what the special chars are?
+        found = False
+        pattern_re = self._translate_pattern(pattern, anchor, prefix, is_regex)
+
+        # delayed loading of allfiles list
+        if self.allfiles is None:
+            self.findall()
+
+        for name in self.allfiles:
+            if pattern_re.search(name):
+                self.files.add(name)
+                found = True
+        return found
+
+    def _exclude_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                         is_regex=False):
+        """Remove strings (presumably filenames) from 'files' that match
+        'pattern'.
+
+        Other parameters are the same as for 'include_pattern()', above.
+        The list 'self.files' is modified in place. Return True if files are
+        found.
+
+        This API is public to allow e.g. exclusion of SCM subdirs, e.g. when
+        packaging source distributions
+        """
+        found = False
+        pattern_re = self._translate_pattern(pattern, anchor, prefix, is_regex)
+        for f in list(self.files):
+            if pattern_re.search(f):
+                self.files.remove(f)
+                found = True
+        return found
+
+    def _translate_pattern(self, pattern, anchor=True, prefix=None,
+                           is_regex=False):
+        """Translate a shell-like wildcard pattern to a compiled regular
+        expression.
+
+        Return the compiled regex.  If 'is_regex' true,
+        then 'pattern' is directly compiled to a regex (if it's a string)
+        or just returned as-is (assumes it's a regex object).
+        """
+        if is_regex:
+            if isinstance(pattern, str):
+                return re.compile(pattern)
+            else:
+                return pattern
+
+        if _PYTHON_VERSION > (3, 2):
+            # ditch start and end characters
+            start, _, end = self._glob_to_re('_').partition('_')
+
+        if pattern:
+            pattern_re = self._glob_to_re(pattern)
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION > (3, 2):
+                assert pattern_re.startswith(start) and pattern_re.endswith(end)
+        else:
+            pattern_re = ''
+
+        base = re.escape(os.path.join(self.base, ''))
+        if prefix is not None:
+            # ditch end of pattern character
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                empty_pattern = self._glob_to_re('')
+                prefix_re = self._glob_to_re(prefix)[:-len(empty_pattern)]
+            else:
+                prefix_re = self._glob_to_re(prefix)
+                assert prefix_re.startswith(start) and prefix_re.endswith(end)
+                prefix_re = prefix_re[len(start): len(prefix_re) - len(end)]
+            sep = os.sep
+            if os.sep == '\\':
+                sep = r'\\'
+            if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                pattern_re = '^' + base + sep.join((prefix_re,
+                                                    '.*' + pattern_re))
+            else:
+                pattern_re = pattern_re[len(start): len(pattern_re) - len(end)]
+                pattern_re = r'%s%s%s%s.*%s%s' % (start, base, prefix_re, sep,
+                                                  pattern_re, end)
+        else:  # no prefix -- respect anchor flag
+            if anchor:
+                if _PYTHON_VERSION <= (3, 2):
+                    pattern_re = '^' + base + pattern_re
+                else:
+                    pattern_re = r'%s%s%s' % (start, base, pattern_re[len(start):])
+
+        return re.compile(pattern_re)
+
+    def _glob_to_re(self, pattern):
+        """Translate a shell-like glob pattern to a regular expression.
+
+        Return a string containing the regex.  Differs from
+        'fnmatch.translate()' in that '*' does not match "special characters"
+        (which are platform-specific).
+        """
+        pattern_re = fnmatch.translate(pattern)
+
+        # '?' and '*' in the glob pattern become '.' and '.*' in the RE, which
+        # IMHO is wrong -- '?' and '*' aren't supposed to match slash in Unix,
+        # and by extension they shouldn't match such "special characters" under
+        # any OS.  So change all non-escaped dots in the RE to match any
+        # character except the special characters (currently: just os.sep).
+        sep = os.sep
+        if os.sep == '\\':
+            # we're using a regex to manipulate a regex, so we need
+            # to escape the backslash twice
+            sep = r'\\\\'
+        escaped = r'\1[^%s]' % sep
+        pattern_re = re.sub(r'((?<!\\)(\\\\)*)\.', escaped, pattern_re)
+        return pattern_re
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1514d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Parser for the environment markers micro-language defined in PEP 508.
+"""
+
+# Note: In PEP 345, the micro-language was Python compatible, so the ast
+# module could be used to parse it. However, PEP 508 introduced operators such
+# as ~= and === which aren't in Python, necessitating a different approach.
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import platform
+
+from .compat import string_types
+from .util import in_venv, parse_marker
+from .version import LegacyVersion as LV
+
+__all__ = ['interpret']
+
+_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'((\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)|\'(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\'|\"(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\")')
+_VERSION_MARKERS = {'python_version', 'python_full_version'}
+
+
+def _is_version_marker(s):
+    return isinstance(s, string_types) and s in _VERSION_MARKERS
+
+
+def _is_literal(o):
+    if not isinstance(o, string_types) or not o:
+        return False
+    return o[0] in '\'"'
+
+
+def _get_versions(s):
+    return {LV(m.groups()[0]) for m in _VERSION_PATTERN.finditer(s)}
+
+
+class Evaluator(object):
+    """
+    This class is used to evaluate marker expressions.
+    """
+
+    operations = {
+        '==': lambda x, y: x == y,
+        '===': lambda x, y: x == y,
+        '~=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
+        '!=': lambda x, y: x != y,
+        '<': lambda x, y: x < y,
+        '<=': lambda x, y: x == y or x < y,
+        '>': lambda x, y: x > y,
+        '>=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
+        'and': lambda x, y: x and y,
+        'or': lambda x, y: x or y,
+        'in': lambda x, y: x in y,
+        'not in': lambda x, y: x not in y,
+    }
+
+    def evaluate(self, expr, context):
+        """
+        Evaluate a marker expression returned by the :func:`parse_requirement`
+        function in the specified context.
+        """
+        if isinstance(expr, string_types):
+            if expr[0] in '\'"':
+                result = expr[1:-1]
+            else:
+                if expr not in context:
+                    raise SyntaxError('unknown variable: %s' % expr)
+                result = context[expr]
+        else:
+            assert isinstance(expr, dict)
+            op = expr['op']
+            if op not in self.operations:
+                raise NotImplementedError('op not implemented: %s' % op)
+            elhs = expr['lhs']
+            erhs = expr['rhs']
+            if _is_literal(expr['lhs']) and _is_literal(expr['rhs']):
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid comparison: %s %s %s' %
+                                  (elhs, op, erhs))
+
+            lhs = self.evaluate(elhs, context)
+            rhs = self.evaluate(erhs, context)
+            if ((_is_version_marker(elhs) or _is_version_marker(erhs))
+                    and op in ('<', '<=', '>', '>=', '===', '==', '!=', '~=')):
+                lhs = LV(lhs)
+                rhs = LV(rhs)
+            elif _is_version_marker(elhs) and op in ('in', 'not in'):
+                lhs = LV(lhs)
+                rhs = _get_versions(rhs)
+            result = self.operations[op](lhs, rhs)
+        return result
+
+
+_DIGITS = re.compile(r'\d+\.\d+')
+
+
+def default_context():
+
+    def format_full_version(info):
+        version = '%s.%s.%s' % (info.major, info.minor, info.micro)
+        kind = info.releaselevel
+        if kind != 'final':
+            version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+        return version
+
+    if hasattr(sys, 'implementation'):
+        implementation_version = format_full_version(
+            sys.implementation.version)
+        implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    else:
+        implementation_version = '0'
+        implementation_name = ''
+
+    ppv = platform.python_version()
+    m = _DIGITS.match(ppv)
+    pv = m.group(0)
+    result = {
+        'implementation_name': implementation_name,
+        'implementation_version': implementation_version,
+        'os_name': os.name,
+        'platform_machine': platform.machine(),
+        'platform_python_implementation': platform.python_implementation(),
+        'platform_release': platform.release(),
+        'platform_system': platform.system(),
+        'platform_version': platform.version(),
+        'platform_in_venv': str(in_venv()),
+        'python_full_version': ppv,
+        'python_version': pv,
+        'sys_platform': sys.platform,
+    }
+    return result
+
+
+DEFAULT_CONTEXT = default_context()
+del default_context
+
+evaluator = Evaluator()
+
+
+def interpret(marker, execution_context=None):
+    """
+    Interpret a marker and return a result depending on environment.
+
+    :param marker: The marker to interpret.
+    :type marker: str
+    :param execution_context: The context used for name lookup.
+    :type execution_context: mapping
+    """
+    try:
+        expr, rest = parse_marker(marker)
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise SyntaxError('Unable to interpret marker syntax: %s: %s' %
+                          (marker, e))
+    if rest and rest[0] != '#':
+        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data in marker: %s: %s' %
+                          (marker, rest))
+    context = dict(DEFAULT_CONTEXT)
+    if execution_context:
+        context.update(execution_context)
+    return evaluator.evaluate(expr, context)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7189aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""Implementation of the Metadata for Python packages PEPs.
+
+Supports all metadata formats (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3/2.1 and 2.2).
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+from email import message_from_file
+import json
+import logging
+import re
+
+
+from . import DistlibException, __version__
+from .compat import StringIO, string_types, text_type
+from .markers import interpret
+from .util import extract_by_key, get_extras
+from .version import get_scheme, PEP440_VERSION_RE
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class MetadataMissingError(DistlibException):
+    """A required metadata is missing"""
+
+
+class MetadataConflictError(DistlibException):
+    """Attempt to read or write metadata fields that are conflictual."""
+
+
+class MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError(DistlibException):
+    """Unknown metadata version number."""
+
+
+class MetadataInvalidError(DistlibException):
+    """A metadata value is invalid"""
+
+# public API of this module
+__all__ = ['Metadata', 'PKG_INFO_ENCODING', 'PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION']
+
+# Encoding used for the PKG-INFO files
+PKG_INFO_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
+
+# preferred version. Hopefully will be changed
+# to 1.2 once PEP 345 is supported everywhere
+PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION = '1.1'
+
+_LINE_PREFIX_1_2 = re.compile('\n       \\|')
+_LINE_PREFIX_PRE_1_2 = re.compile('\n        ')
+_241_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'License')
+
+_314_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'License', 'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes',
+               'Provides', 'Requires')
+
+_314_MARKERS = ('Obsoletes', 'Provides', 'Requires', 'Classifier',
+                'Download-URL')
+
+_345_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'Maintainer', 'Maintainer-email', 'License',
+               'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Project-URL', 'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist',
+               'Requires-Python', 'Requires-External')
+
+_345_MARKERS = ('Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist', 'Requires-Python',
+                'Obsoletes-Dist', 'Requires-External', 'Maintainer',
+                'Maintainer-email', 'Project-URL')
+
+_426_FIELDS = ('Metadata-Version', 'Name', 'Version', 'Platform',
+               'Supported-Platform', 'Summary', 'Description',
+               'Keywords', 'Home-page', 'Author', 'Author-email',
+               'Maintainer', 'Maintainer-email', 'License',
+               'Classifier', 'Download-URL', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Project-URL', 'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist',
+               'Requires-Python', 'Requires-External', 'Private-Version',
+               'Obsoleted-By', 'Setup-Requires-Dist', 'Extension',
+               'Provides-Extra')
+
+_426_MARKERS = ('Private-Version', 'Provides-Extra', 'Obsoleted-By',
+                'Setup-Requires-Dist', 'Extension')
+
+# See issue #106: Sometimes 'Requires' and 'Provides' occur wrongly in
+# the metadata. Include them in the tuple literal below to allow them
+# (for now).
+# Ditto for Obsoletes - see issue #140.
+_566_FIELDS = _426_FIELDS + ('Description-Content-Type',
+                             'Requires', 'Provides', 'Obsoletes')
+
+_566_MARKERS = ('Description-Content-Type',)
+
+_643_MARKERS = ('Dynamic', 'License-File')
+
+_643_FIELDS = _566_FIELDS + _643_MARKERS
+
+_ALL_FIELDS = set()
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_241_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_314_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_345_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_426_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_566_FIELDS)
+_ALL_FIELDS.update(_643_FIELDS)
+
+EXTRA_RE = re.compile(r'''extra\s*==\s*("([^"]+)"|'([^']+)')''')
+
+
+def _version2fieldlist(version):
+    if version == '1.0':
+        return _241_FIELDS
+    elif version == '1.1':
+        return _314_FIELDS
+    elif version == '1.2':
+        return _345_FIELDS
+    elif version in ('1.3', '2.1'):
+        # avoid adding field names if already there
+        return _345_FIELDS + tuple(f for f in _566_FIELDS if f not in _345_FIELDS)
+    elif version == '2.0':
+        raise ValueError('Metadata 2.0 is withdrawn and not supported')
+        # return _426_FIELDS
+    elif version == '2.2':
+        return _643_FIELDS
+    raise MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError(version)
+
+
+def _best_version(fields):
+    """Detect the best version depending on the fields used."""
+    def _has_marker(keys, markers):
+        return any(marker in keys for marker in markers)
+
+    keys = [key for key, value in fields.items() if value not in ([], 'UNKNOWN', None)]
+    possible_versions = ['1.0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '2.1', '2.2']  # 2.0 removed
+
+    # first let's try to see if a field is not part of one of the version
+    for key in keys:
+        if key not in _241_FIELDS and '1.0' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.0')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.0 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _314_FIELDS and '1.1' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.1')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.1 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _345_FIELDS and '1.2' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.2')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.2 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _566_FIELDS and '1.3' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('1.3')
+            logger.debug('Removed 1.3 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _566_FIELDS and '2.1' in possible_versions:
+            if key != 'Description':  # In 2.1, description allowed after headers
+                possible_versions.remove('2.1')
+                logger.debug('Removed 2.1 due to %s', key)
+        if key not in _643_FIELDS and '2.2' in possible_versions:
+            possible_versions.remove('2.2')
+            logger.debug('Removed 2.2 due to %s', key)
+        # if key not in _426_FIELDS and '2.0' in possible_versions:
+            # possible_versions.remove('2.0')
+            # logger.debug('Removed 2.0 due to %s', key)
+
+    # possible_version contains qualified versions
+    if len(possible_versions) == 1:
+        return possible_versions[0]   # found !
+    elif len(possible_versions) == 0:
+        logger.debug('Out of options - unknown metadata set: %s', fields)
+        raise MetadataConflictError('Unknown metadata set')
+
+    # let's see if one unique marker is found
+    is_1_1 = '1.1' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _314_MARKERS)
+    is_1_2 = '1.2' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _345_MARKERS)
+    is_2_1 = '2.1' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _566_MARKERS)
+    # is_2_0 = '2.0' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _426_MARKERS)
+    is_2_2 = '2.2' in possible_versions and _has_marker(keys, _643_MARKERS)
+    if int(is_1_1) + int(is_1_2) + int(is_2_1) + int(is_2_2) > 1:
+        raise MetadataConflictError('You used incompatible 1.1/1.2/2.1/2.2 fields')
+
+    # we have the choice, 1.0, or 1.2, 2.1 or 2.2
+    #   - 1.0 has a broken Summary field but works with all tools
+    #   - 1.1 is to avoid
+    #   - 1.2 fixes Summary but has little adoption
+    #   - 2.1 adds more features
+    #   - 2.2 is the latest
+    if not is_1_1 and not is_1_2 and not is_2_1 and not is_2_2:
+        # we couldn't find any specific marker
+        if PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION in possible_versions:
+            return PKG_INFO_PREFERRED_VERSION
+    if is_1_1:
+        return '1.1'
+    if is_1_2:
+        return '1.2'
+    if is_2_1:
+        return '2.1'
+    # if is_2_2:
+        # return '2.2'
+
+    return '2.2'
+
+# This follows the rules about transforming keys as described in
+# https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#id17
+_ATTR2FIELD = {
+    name.lower().replace("-", "_"): name for name in _ALL_FIELDS
+}
+_FIELD2ATTR = {field: attr for attr, field in _ATTR2FIELD.items()}
+
+_PREDICATE_FIELDS = ('Requires-Dist', 'Obsoletes-Dist', 'Provides-Dist')
+_VERSIONS_FIELDS = ('Requires-Python',)
+_VERSION_FIELDS = ('Version',)
+_LISTFIELDS = ('Platform', 'Classifier', 'Obsoletes',
+               'Requires', 'Provides', 'Obsoletes-Dist',
+               'Provides-Dist', 'Requires-Dist', 'Requires-External',
+               'Project-URL', 'Supported-Platform', 'Setup-Requires-Dist',
+               'Provides-Extra', 'Extension', 'License-File')
+_LISTTUPLEFIELDS = ('Project-URL',)
+
+_ELEMENTSFIELD = ('Keywords',)
+
+_UNICODEFIELDS = ('Author', 'Maintainer', 'Summary', 'Description')
+
+_MISSING = object()
+
+_FILESAFE = re.compile('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+')
+
+
+def _get_name_and_version(name, version, for_filename=False):
+    """Return the distribution name with version.
+
+    If for_filename is true, return a filename-escaped form."""
+    if for_filename:
+        # For both name and version any runs of non-alphanumeric or '.'
+        # characters are replaced with a single '-'.  Additionally any
+        # spaces in the version string become '.'
+        name = _FILESAFE.sub('-', name)
+        version = _FILESAFE.sub('-', version.replace(' ', '.'))
+    return '%s-%s' % (name, version)
+
+
+class LegacyMetadata(object):
+    """The legacy metadata of a release.
+
+    Supports versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0 and 1.3/2.1 (auto-detected). You can
+    instantiate the class with one of these arguments (or none):
+    - *path*, the path to a metadata file
+    - *fileobj* give a file-like object with metadata as content
+    - *mapping* is a dict-like object
+    - *scheme* is a version scheme name
+    """
+    # TODO document the mapping API and UNKNOWN default key
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fileobj=None, mapping=None,
+                 scheme='default'):
+        if [path, fileobj, mapping].count(None) < 2:
+            raise TypeError('path, fileobj and mapping are exclusive')
+        self._fields = {}
+        self.requires_files = []
+        self._dependencies = None
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        if path is not None:
+            self.read(path)
+        elif fileobj is not None:
+            self.read_file(fileobj)
+        elif mapping is not None:
+            self.update(mapping)
+            self.set_metadata_version()
+
+    def set_metadata_version(self):
+        self._fields['Metadata-Version'] = _best_version(self._fields)
+
+    def _write_field(self, fileobj, name, value):
+        fileobj.write('%s: %s\n' % (name, value))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        return self.get(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+        return self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        field_name = self._convert_name(name)
+        try:
+            del self._fields[field_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(name)
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        return (name in self._fields or
+                self._convert_name(name) in self._fields)
+
+    def _convert_name(self, name):
+        if name in _ALL_FIELDS:
+            return name
+        name = name.replace('-', '_').lower()
+        return _ATTR2FIELD.get(name, name)
+
+    def _default_value(self, name):
+        if name in _LISTFIELDS or name in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+            return []
+        return 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def _remove_line_prefix(self, value):
+        if self.metadata_version in ('1.0', '1.1'):
+            return _LINE_PREFIX_PRE_1_2.sub('\n', value)
+        else:
+            return _LINE_PREFIX_1_2.sub('\n', value)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name in _ATTR2FIELD:
+            return self[name]
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+    #
+    # Public API
+    #
+
+#    dependencies = property(_get_dependencies, _set_dependencies)
+
+    def get_fullname(self, filesafe=False):
+        """Return the distribution name with version.
+
+        If filesafe is true, return a filename-escaped form."""
+        return _get_name_and_version(self['Name'], self['Version'], filesafe)
+
+    def is_field(self, name):
+        """return True if name is a valid metadata key"""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        return name in _ALL_FIELDS
+
+    def is_multi_field(self, name):
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        return name in _LISTFIELDS
+
+    def read(self, filepath):
+        """Read the metadata values from a file path."""
+        fp = codecs.open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
+        try:
+            self.read_file(fp)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def read_file(self, fileob):
+        """Read the metadata values from a file object."""
+        msg = message_from_file(fileob)
+        self._fields['Metadata-Version'] = msg['metadata-version']
+
+        # When reading, get all the fields we can
+        for field in _ALL_FIELDS:
+            if field not in msg:
+                continue
+            if field in _LISTFIELDS:
+                # we can have multiple lines
+                values = msg.get_all(field)
+                if field in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS and values is not None:
+                    values = [tuple(value.split(',')) for value in values]
+                self.set(field, values)
+            else:
+                # single line
+                value = msg[field]
+                if value is not None and value != 'UNKNOWN':
+                    self.set(field, value)
+
+        # PEP 566 specifies that the body be used for the description, if
+        # available
+        body = msg.get_payload()
+        self["Description"] = body if body else self["Description"]
+        # logger.debug('Attempting to set metadata for %s', self)
+        # self.set_metadata_version()
+
+    def write(self, filepath, skip_unknown=False):
+        """Write the metadata fields to filepath."""
+        fp = codecs.open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
+        try:
+            self.write_file(fp, skip_unknown)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def write_file(self, fileobject, skip_unknown=False):
+        """Write the PKG-INFO format data to a file object."""
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        for field in _version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version']):
+            values = self.get(field)
+            if skip_unknown and values in ('UNKNOWN', [], ['UNKNOWN']):
+                continue
+            if field in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+                self._write_field(fileobject, field, ','.join(values))
+                continue
+            if field not in _LISTFIELDS:
+                if field == 'Description':
+                    if self.metadata_version in ('1.0', '1.1'):
+                        values = values.replace('\n', '\n        ')
+                    else:
+                        values = values.replace('\n', '\n       |')
+                values = [values]
+
+            if field in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS:
+                values = [','.join(value) for value in values]
+
+            for value in values:
+                self._write_field(fileobject, field, value)
+
+    def update(self, other=None, **kwargs):
+        """Set metadata values from the given iterable `other` and kwargs.
+
+        Behavior is like `dict.update`: If `other` has a ``keys`` method,
+        they are looped over and ``self[key]`` is assigned ``other[key]``.
+        Else, ``other`` is an iterable of ``(key, value)`` iterables.
+
+        Keys that don't match a metadata field or that have an empty value are
+        dropped.
+        """
+        def _set(key, value):
+            if key in _ATTR2FIELD and value:
+                self.set(self._convert_name(key), value)
+
+        if not other:
+            # other is None or empty container
+            pass
+        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+            for k in other.keys():
+                _set(k, other[k])
+        else:
+            for k, v in other:
+                _set(k, v)
+
+        if kwargs:
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                _set(k, v)
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        """Control then set a metadata field."""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+
+        if ((name in _ELEMENTSFIELD or name == 'Platform') and
+            not isinstance(value, (list, tuple))):
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                value = [v.strip() for v in value.split(',')]
+            else:
+                value = []
+        elif (name in _LISTFIELDS and
+              not isinstance(value, (list, tuple))):
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                value = [value]
+            else:
+                value = []
+
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.WARNING):
+            project_name = self['Name']
+
+            scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+            if name in _PREDICATE_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                for v in value:
+                    # check that the values are valid
+                    if not scheme.is_valid_matcher(v.split(';')[0]):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "'%s': '%s' is not valid (field '%s')",
+                            project_name, v, name)
+            # FIXME this rejects UNKNOWN, is that right?
+            elif name in _VERSIONS_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_constraint_list(value):
+                    logger.warning("'%s': '%s' is not a valid version (field '%s')",
+                                   project_name, value, name)
+            elif name in _VERSION_FIELDS and value is not None:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_version(value):
+                    logger.warning("'%s': '%s' is not a valid version (field '%s')",
+                                   project_name, value, name)
+
+        if name in _UNICODEFIELDS:
+            if name == 'Description':
+                value = self._remove_line_prefix(value)
+
+        self._fields[name] = value
+
+    def get(self, name, default=_MISSING):
+        """Get a metadata field."""
+        name = self._convert_name(name)
+        if name not in self._fields:
+            if default is _MISSING:
+                default = self._default_value(name)
+            return default
+        if name in _UNICODEFIELDS:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            return value
+        elif name in _LISTFIELDS:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            if value is None:
+                return []
+            res = []
+            for val in value:
+                if name not in _LISTTUPLEFIELDS:
+                    res.append(val)
+                else:
+                    # That's for Project-URL
+                    res.append((val[0], val[1]))
+            return res
+
+        elif name in _ELEMENTSFIELD:
+            value = self._fields[name]
+            if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                return value.split(',')
+        return self._fields[name]
+
+    def check(self, strict=False):
+        """Check if the metadata is compliant. If strict is True then raise if
+        no Name or Version are provided"""
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        # XXX should check the versions (if the file was loaded)
+        missing, warnings = [], []
+
+        for attr in ('Name', 'Version'):  # required by PEP 345
+            if attr not in self:
+                missing.append(attr)
+
+        if strict and missing != []:
+            msg = 'missing required metadata: %s' % ', '.join(missing)
+            raise MetadataMissingError(msg)
+
+        for attr in ('Home-page', 'Author'):
+            if attr not in self:
+                missing.append(attr)
+
+        # checking metadata 1.2 (XXX needs to check 1.1, 1.0)
+        if self['Metadata-Version'] != '1.2':
+            return missing, warnings
+
+        scheme = get_scheme(self.scheme)
+
+        def are_valid_constraints(value):
+            for v in value:
+                if not scheme.is_valid_matcher(v.split(';')[0]):
+                    return False
+            return True
+
+        for fields, controller in ((_PREDICATE_FIELDS, are_valid_constraints),
+                                   (_VERSIONS_FIELDS,
+                                    scheme.is_valid_constraint_list),
+                                   (_VERSION_FIELDS,
+                                    scheme.is_valid_version)):
+            for field in fields:
+                value = self.get(field, None)
+                if value is not None and not controller(value):
+                    warnings.append("Wrong value for '%s': %s" % (field, value))
+
+        return missing, warnings
+
+    def todict(self, skip_missing=False):
+        """Return fields as a dict.
+
+        Field names will be converted to use the underscore-lowercase style
+        instead of hyphen-mixed case (i.e. home_page instead of Home-page).
+        This is as per https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0566/#id17.
+        """
+        self.set_metadata_version()
+
+        fields = _version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version'])
+
+        data = {}
+
+        for field_name in fields:
+            if not skip_missing or field_name in self._fields:
+                key = _FIELD2ATTR[field_name]
+                if key != 'project_url':
+                    data[key] = self[field_name]
+                else:
+                    data[key] = [','.join(u) for u in self[field_name]]
+
+        return data
+
+    def add_requirements(self, requirements):
+        if self['Metadata-Version'] == '1.1':
+            # we can't have 1.1 metadata *and* Setuptools requires
+            for field in ('Obsoletes', 'Requires', 'Provides'):
+                if field in self:
+                    del self[field]
+        self['Requires-Dist'] += requirements
+
+    # Mapping API
+    # TODO could add iter* variants
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return list(_version2fieldlist(self['Metadata-Version']))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for key in self.keys():
+            yield key
+
+    def values(self):
+        return [self[key] for key in self.keys()]
+
+    def items(self):
+        return [(key, self[key]) for key in self.keys()]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name,
+                               self.version)
+
+
+METADATA_FILENAME = 'pydist.json'
+WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME = 'metadata.json'
+LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME = 'METADATA'
+
+
+class Metadata(object):
+    """
+    The metadata of a release. This implementation uses 2.1
+    metadata where possible. If not possible, it wraps a LegacyMetadata
+    instance which handles the key-value metadata format.
+    """
+
+    METADATA_VERSION_MATCHER = re.compile(r'^\d+(\.\d+)*$')
+
+    NAME_MATCHER = re.compile('^[0-9A-Z]([0-9A-Z_.-]*[0-9A-Z])?$', re.I)
+
+    FIELDNAME_MATCHER = re.compile('^[A-Z]([0-9A-Z-]*[0-9A-Z])?$', re.I)
+
+    VERSION_MATCHER = PEP440_VERSION_RE
+
+    SUMMARY_MATCHER = re.compile('.{1,2047}')
+
+    METADATA_VERSION = '2.0'
+
+    GENERATOR = 'distlib (%s)' % __version__
+
+    MANDATORY_KEYS = {
+        'name': (),
+        'version': (),
+        'summary': ('legacy',),
+    }
+
+    INDEX_KEYS = ('name version license summary description author '
+                  'author_email keywords platform home_page classifiers '
+                  'download_url')
+
+    DEPENDENCY_KEYS = ('extras run_requires test_requires build_requires '
+                       'dev_requires provides meta_requires obsoleted_by '
+                       'supports_environments')
+
+    SYNTAX_VALIDATORS = {
+        'metadata_version': (METADATA_VERSION_MATCHER, ()),
+        'name': (NAME_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'version': (VERSION_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'summary': (SUMMARY_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+        'dynamic': (FIELDNAME_MATCHER, ('legacy',)),
+    }
+
+    __slots__ = ('_legacy', '_data', 'scheme')
+
+    def __init__(self, path=None, fileobj=None, mapping=None,
+                 scheme='default'):
+        if [path, fileobj, mapping].count(None) < 2:
+            raise TypeError('path, fileobj and mapping are exclusive')
+        self._legacy = None
+        self._data = None
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        #import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        if mapping is not None:
+            try:
+                self._validate_mapping(mapping, scheme)
+                self._data = mapping
+            except MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError:
+                self._legacy = LegacyMetadata(mapping=mapping, scheme=scheme)
+                self.validate()
+        else:
+            data = None
+            if path:
+                with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+                    data = f.read()
+            elif fileobj:
+                data = fileobj.read()
+            if data is None:
+                # Initialised with no args - to be added
+                self._data = {
+                    'metadata_version': self.METADATA_VERSION,
+                    'generator': self.GENERATOR,
+                }
+            else:
+                if not isinstance(data, text_type):
+                    data = data.decode('utf-8')
+                try:
+                    self._data = json.loads(data)
+                    self._validate_mapping(self._data, scheme)
+                except ValueError:
+                    # Note: MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError does not
+                    # inherit from ValueError (it's a DistlibException,
+                    # which should not inherit from ValueError).
+                    # The ValueError comes from the json.load - if that
+                    # succeeds and we get a validation error, we want
+                    # that to propagate
+                    self._legacy = LegacyMetadata(fileobj=StringIO(data),
+                                                  scheme=scheme)
+                    self.validate()
+
+    common_keys = set(('name', 'version', 'license', 'keywords', 'summary'))
+
+    none_list = (None, list)
+    none_dict = (None, dict)
+
+    mapped_keys = {
+        'run_requires': ('Requires-Dist', list),
+        'build_requires': ('Setup-Requires-Dist', list),
+        'dev_requires': none_list,
+        'test_requires': none_list,
+        'meta_requires': none_list,
+        'extras': ('Provides-Extra', list),
+        'modules': none_list,
+        'namespaces': none_list,
+        'exports': none_dict,
+        'commands': none_dict,
+        'classifiers': ('Classifier', list),
+        'source_url': ('Download-URL', None),
+        'metadata_version': ('Metadata-Version', None),
+    }
+
+    del none_list, none_dict
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, key):
+        common = object.__getattribute__(self, 'common_keys')
+        mapped = object.__getattribute__(self, 'mapped_keys')
+        if key in mapped:
+            lk, maker = mapped[key]
+            if self._legacy:
+                if lk is None:
+                    result = None if maker is None else maker()
+                else:
+                    result = self._legacy.get(lk)
+            else:
+                value = None if maker is None else maker()
+                if key not in ('commands', 'exports', 'modules', 'namespaces',
+                               'classifiers'):
+                    result = self._data.get(key, value)
+                else:
+                    # special cases for PEP 459
+                    sentinel = object()
+                    result = sentinel
+                    d = self._data.get('extensions')
+                    if d:
+                        if key == 'commands':
+                            result = d.get('python.commands', value)
+                        elif key == 'classifiers':
+                            d = d.get('python.details')
+                            if d:
+                                result = d.get(key, value)
+                        else:
+                            d = d.get('python.exports')
+                            if not d:
+                                d = self._data.get('python.exports')
+                            if d:
+                                result = d.get(key, value)
+                    if result is sentinel:
+                        result = value
+        elif key not in common:
+            result = object.__getattribute__(self, key)
+        elif self._legacy:
+            result = self._legacy.get(key)
+        else:
+            result = self._data.get(key)
+        return result
+
+    def _validate_value(self, key, value, scheme=None):
+        if key in self.SYNTAX_VALIDATORS:
+            pattern, exclusions = self.SYNTAX_VALIDATORS[key]
+            if (scheme or self.scheme) not in exclusions:
+                m = pattern.match(value)
+                if not m:
+                    raise MetadataInvalidError("'%s' is an invalid value for "
+                                               "the '%s' property" % (value,
+                                                                    key))
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        self._validate_value(key, value)
+        common = object.__getattribute__(self, 'common_keys')
+        mapped = object.__getattribute__(self, 'mapped_keys')
+        if key in mapped:
+            lk, _ = mapped[key]
+            if self._legacy:
+                if lk is None:
+                    raise NotImplementedError
+                self._legacy[lk] = value
+            elif key not in ('commands', 'exports', 'modules', 'namespaces',
+                             'classifiers'):
+                self._data[key] = value
+            else:
+                # special cases for PEP 459
+                d = self._data.setdefault('extensions', {})
+                if key == 'commands':
+                    d['python.commands'] = value
+                elif key == 'classifiers':
+                    d = d.setdefault('python.details', {})
+                    d[key] = value
+                else:
+                    d = d.setdefault('python.exports', {})
+                    d[key] = value
+        elif key not in common:
+            object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
+        else:
+            if key == 'keywords':
+                if isinstance(value, string_types):
+                    value = value.strip()
+                    if value:
+                        value = value.split()
+                    else:
+                        value = []
+            if self._legacy:
+                self._legacy[key] = value
+            else:
+                self._data[key] = value
+
+    @property
+    def name_and_version(self):
+        return _get_name_and_version(self.name, self.version, True)
+
+    @property
+    def provides(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            result = self._legacy['Provides-Dist']
+        else:
+            result = self._data.setdefault('provides', [])
+        s = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.version)
+        if s not in result:
+            result.append(s)
+        return result
+
+    @provides.setter
+    def provides(self, value):
+        if self._legacy:
+            self._legacy['Provides-Dist'] = value
+        else:
+            self._data['provides'] = value
+
+    def get_requirements(self, reqts, extras=None, env=None):
+        """
+        Base method to get dependencies, given a set of extras
+        to satisfy and an optional environment context.
+        :param reqts: A list of sometimes-wanted dependencies,
+                      perhaps dependent on extras and environment.
+        :param extras: A list of optional components being requested.
+        :param env: An optional environment for marker evaluation.
+        """
+        if self._legacy:
+            result = reqts
+        else:
+            result = []
+            extras = get_extras(extras or [], self.extras)
+            for d in reqts:
+                if 'extra' not in d and 'environment' not in d:
+                    # unconditional
+                    include = True
+                else:
+                    if 'extra' not in d:
+                        # Not extra-dependent - only environment-dependent
+                        include = True
+                    else:
+                        include = d.get('extra') in extras
+                    if include:
+                        # Not excluded because of extras, check environment
+                        marker = d.get('environment')
+                        if marker:
+                            include = interpret(marker, env)
+                if include:
+                    result.extend(d['requires'])
+            for key in ('build', 'dev', 'test'):
+                e = ':%s:' % key
+                if e in extras:
+                    extras.remove(e)
+                    # A recursive call, but it should terminate since 'test'
+                    # has been removed from the extras
+                    reqts = self._data.get('%s_requires' % key, [])
+                    result.extend(self.get_requirements(reqts, extras=extras,
+                                                        env=env))
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def dictionary(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            return self._from_legacy()
+        return self._data
+
+    @property
+    def dependencies(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        else:
+            return extract_by_key(self._data, self.DEPENDENCY_KEYS)
+
+    @dependencies.setter
+    def dependencies(self, value):
+        if self._legacy:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        else:
+            self._data.update(value)
+
+    def _validate_mapping(self, mapping, scheme):
+        if mapping.get('metadata_version') != self.METADATA_VERSION:
+            raise MetadataUnrecognizedVersionError()
+        missing = []
+        for key, exclusions in self.MANDATORY_KEYS.items():
+            if key not in mapping:
+                if scheme not in exclusions:
+                    missing.append(key)
+        if missing:
+            msg = 'Missing metadata items: %s' % ', '.join(missing)
+            raise MetadataMissingError(msg)
+        for k, v in mapping.items():
+            self._validate_value(k, v, scheme)
+
+    def validate(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            missing, warnings = self._legacy.check(True)
+            if missing or warnings:
+                logger.warning('Metadata: missing: %s, warnings: %s',
+                               missing, warnings)
+        else:
+            self._validate_mapping(self._data, self.scheme)
+
+    def todict(self):
+        if self._legacy:
+            return self._legacy.todict(True)
+        else:
+            result = extract_by_key(self._data, self.INDEX_KEYS)
+            return result
+
+    def _from_legacy(self):
+        assert self._legacy and not self._data
+        result = {
+            'metadata_version': self.METADATA_VERSION,
+            'generator': self.GENERATOR,
+        }
+        lmd = self._legacy.todict(True)     # skip missing ones
+        for k in ('name', 'version', 'license', 'summary', 'description',
+                  'classifier'):
+            if k in lmd:
+                if k == 'classifier':
+                    nk = 'classifiers'
+                else:
+                    nk = k
+                result[nk] = lmd[k]
+        kw = lmd.get('Keywords', [])
+        if kw == ['']:
+            kw = []
+        result['keywords'] = kw
+        keys = (('requires_dist', 'run_requires'),
+                ('setup_requires_dist', 'build_requires'))
+        for ok, nk in keys:
+            if ok in lmd and lmd[ok]:
+                result[nk] = [{'requires': lmd[ok]}]
+        result['provides'] = self.provides
+        author = {}
+        maintainer = {}
+        return result
+
+    LEGACY_MAPPING = {
+        'name': 'Name',
+        'version': 'Version',
+        ('extensions', 'python.details', 'license'): 'License',
+        'summary': 'Summary',
+        'description': 'Description',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'project_urls', 'Home'): 'Home-page',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'contacts', 0, 'name'): 'Author',
+        ('extensions', 'python.project', 'contacts', 0, 'email'): 'Author-email',
+        'source_url': 'Download-URL',
+        ('extensions', 'python.details', 'classifiers'): 'Classifier',
+    }
+
+    def _to_legacy(self):
+        def process_entries(entries):
+            reqts = set()
+            for e in entries:
+                extra = e.get('extra')
+                env = e.get('environment')
+                rlist = e['requires']
+                for r in rlist:
+                    if not env and not extra:
+                        reqts.add(r)
+                    else:
+                        marker = ''
+                        if extra:
+                            marker = 'extra == "%s"' % extra
+                        if env:
+                            if marker:
+                                marker = '(%s) and %s' % (env, marker)
+                            else:
+                                marker = env
+                        reqts.add(';'.join((r, marker)))
+            return reqts
+
+        assert self._data and not self._legacy
+        result = LegacyMetadata()
+        nmd = self._data
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        for nk, ok in self.LEGACY_MAPPING.items():
+            if not isinstance(nk, tuple):
+                if nk in nmd:
+                    result[ok] = nmd[nk]
+            else:
+                d = nmd
+                found = True
+                for k in nk:
+                    try:
+                        d = d[k]
+                    except (KeyError, IndexError):
+                        found = False
+                        break
+                if found:
+                    result[ok] = d
+        r1 = process_entries(self.run_requires + self.meta_requires)
+        r2 = process_entries(self.build_requires + self.dev_requires)
+        if self.extras:
+            result['Provides-Extra'] = sorted(self.extras)
+        result['Requires-Dist'] = sorted(r1)
+        result['Setup-Requires-Dist'] = sorted(r2)
+        # TODO: any other fields wanted
+        return result
+
+    def write(self, path=None, fileobj=None, legacy=False, skip_unknown=True):
+        if [path, fileobj].count(None) != 1:
+            raise ValueError('Exactly one of path and fileobj is needed')
+        self.validate()
+        if legacy:
+            if self._legacy:
+                legacy_md = self._legacy
+            else:
+                legacy_md = self._to_legacy()
+            if path:
+                legacy_md.write(path, skip_unknown=skip_unknown)
+            else:
+                legacy_md.write_file(fileobj, skip_unknown=skip_unknown)
+        else:
+            if self._legacy:
+                d = self._from_legacy()
+            else:
+                d = self._data
+            if fileobj:
+                json.dump(d, fileobj, ensure_ascii=True, indent=2,
+                          sort_keys=True)
+            else:
+                with codecs.open(path, 'w', 'utf-8') as f:
+                    json.dump(d, f, ensure_ascii=True, indent=2,
+                              sort_keys=True)
+
+    def add_requirements(self, requirements):
+        if self._legacy:
+            self._legacy.add_requirements(requirements)
+        else:
+            run_requires = self._data.setdefault('run_requires', [])
+            always = None
+            for entry in run_requires:
+                if 'environment' not in entry and 'extra' not in entry:
+                    always = entry
+                    break
+            if always is None:
+                always = { 'requires': requirements }
+                run_requires.insert(0, always)
+            else:
+                rset = set(always['requires']) | set(requirements)
+                always['requires'] = sorted(rset)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        name = self.name or '(no name)'
+        version = self.version or 'no version'
+        return '<%s %s %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                    self.metadata_version, name, version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fef52aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/resources.py
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import bisect
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import pkgutil
+import sys
+import types
+import zipimport
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .util import cached_property, get_cache_base, Cache
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+cache = None    # created when needed
+
+
+class ResourceCache(Cache):
+    def __init__(self, base=None):
+        if base is None:
+            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
+            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('resource-cache'))
+        super(ResourceCache, self).__init__(base)
+
+    def is_stale(self, resource, path):
+        """
+        Is the cache stale for the given resource?
+
+        :param resource: The :class:`Resource` being cached.
+        :param path: The path of the resource in the cache.
+        :return: True if the cache is stale.
+        """
+        # Cache invalidation is a hard problem :-)
+        return True
+
+    def get(self, resource):
+        """
+        Get a resource into the cache,
+
+        :param resource: A :class:`Resource` instance.
+        :return: The pathname of the resource in the cache.
+        """
+        prefix, path = resource.finder.get_cache_info(resource)
+        if prefix is None:
+            result = path
+        else:
+            result = os.path.join(self.base, self.prefix_to_dir(prefix), path)
+            dirname = os.path.dirname(result)
+            if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
+                os.makedirs(dirname)
+            if not os.path.exists(result):
+                stale = True
+            else:
+                stale = self.is_stale(resource, path)
+            if stale:
+                # write the bytes of the resource to the cache location
+                with open(result, 'wb') as f:
+                    f.write(resource.bytes)
+        return result
+
+
+class ResourceBase(object):
+    def __init__(self, finder, name):
+        self.finder = finder
+        self.name = name
+
+
+class Resource(ResourceBase):
+    """
+    A class representing an in-package resource, such as a data file. This is
+    not normally instantiated by user code, but rather by a
+    :class:`ResourceFinder` which manages the resource.
+    """
+    is_container = False        # Backwards compatibility
+
+    def as_stream(self):
+        """
+        Get the resource as a stream.
+
+        This is not a property to make it obvious that it returns a new stream
+        each time.
+        """
+        return self.finder.get_stream(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def file_path(self):
+        global cache
+        if cache is None:
+            cache = ResourceCache()
+        return cache.get(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def bytes(self):
+        return self.finder.get_bytes(self)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def size(self):
+        return self.finder.get_size(self)
+
+
+class ResourceContainer(ResourceBase):
+    is_container = True     # Backwards compatibility
+
+    @cached_property
+    def resources(self):
+        return self.finder.get_resources(self)
+
+
+class ResourceFinder(object):
+    """
+    Resource finder for file system resources.
+    """
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
+        skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo', '.class')
+    else:
+        skipped_extensions = ('.pyc', '.pyo')
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        self.module = module
+        self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        self.base = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
+
+    def _adjust_path(self, path):
+        return os.path.realpath(path)
+
+    def _make_path(self, resource_name):
+        # Issue #50: need to preserve type of path on Python 2.x
+        # like os.path._get_sep
+        if isinstance(resource_name, bytes):    # should only happen on 2.x
+            sep = b'/'
+        else:
+            sep = '/'
+        parts = resource_name.split(sep)
+        parts.insert(0, self.base)
+        result = os.path.join(*parts)
+        return self._adjust_path(result)
+
+    def _find(self, path):
+        return os.path.exists(path)
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, resource):
+        return None, resource.path
+
+    def find(self, resource_name):
+        path = self._make_path(resource_name)
+        if not self._find(path):
+            result = None
+        else:
+            if self._is_directory(path):
+                result = ResourceContainer(self, resource_name)
+            else:
+                result = Resource(self, resource_name)
+            result.path = path
+        return result
+
+    def get_stream(self, resource):
+        return open(resource.path, 'rb')
+
+    def get_bytes(self, resource):
+        with open(resource.path, 'rb') as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def get_size(self, resource):
+        return os.path.getsize(resource.path)
+
+    def get_resources(self, resource):
+        def allowed(f):
+            return (f != '__pycache__' and not
+                    f.endswith(self.skipped_extensions))
+        return set([f for f in os.listdir(resource.path) if allowed(f)])
+
+    def is_container(self, resource):
+        return self._is_directory(resource.path)
+
+    _is_directory = staticmethod(os.path.isdir)
+
+    def iterator(self, resource_name):
+        resource = self.find(resource_name)
+        if resource is not None:
+            todo = [resource]
+            while todo:
+                resource = todo.pop(0)
+                yield resource
+                if resource.is_container:
+                    rname = resource.name
+                    for name in resource.resources:
+                        if not rname:
+                            new_name = name
+                        else:
+                            new_name = '/'.join([rname, name])
+                        child = self.find(new_name)
+                        if child.is_container:
+                            todo.append(child)
+                        else:
+                            yield child
+
+
+class ZipResourceFinder(ResourceFinder):
+    """
+    Resource finder for resources in .zip files.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super(ZipResourceFinder, self).__init__(module)
+        archive = self.loader.archive
+        self.prefix_len = 1 + len(archive)
+        # PyPy doesn't have a _files attr on zipimporter, and you can't set one
+        if hasattr(self.loader, '_files'):
+            self._files = self.loader._files
+        else:
+            self._files = zipimport._zip_directory_cache[archive]
+        self.index = sorted(self._files)
+
+    def _adjust_path(self, path):
+        return path
+
+    def _find(self, path):
+        path = path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path in self._files:
+            result = True
+        else:
+            if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+                path = path + os.sep
+            i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+            try:
+                result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
+            except IndexError:
+                result = False
+        if not result:
+            logger.debug('_find failed: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
+        else:
+            logger.debug('_find worked: %r %r', path, self.loader.prefix)
+        return result
+
+    def get_cache_info(self, resource):
+        prefix = self.loader.archive
+        path = resource.path[1 + len(prefix):]
+        return prefix, path
+
+    def get_bytes(self, resource):
+        return self.loader.get_data(resource.path)
+
+    def get_stream(self, resource):
+        return io.BytesIO(self.get_bytes(resource))
+
+    def get_size(self, resource):
+        path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
+        return self._files[path][3]
+
+    def get_resources(self, resource):
+        path = resource.path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+            path += os.sep
+        plen = len(path)
+        result = set()
+        i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+        while i < len(self.index):
+            if not self.index[i].startswith(path):
+                break
+            s = self.index[i][plen:]
+            result.add(s.split(os.sep, 1)[0])   # only immediate children
+            i += 1
+        return result
+
+    def _is_directory(self, path):
+        path = path[self.prefix_len:]
+        if path and path[-1] != os.sep:
+            path += os.sep
+        i = bisect.bisect(self.index, path)
+        try:
+            result = self.index[i].startswith(path)
+        except IndexError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+
+_finder_registry = {
+    type(None): ResourceFinder,
+    zipimport.zipimporter: ZipResourceFinder
+}
+
+try:
+    # In Python 3.6, _frozen_importlib -> _frozen_importlib_external
+    try:
+        import _frozen_importlib_external as _fi
+    except ImportError:
+        import _frozen_importlib as _fi
+    _finder_registry[_fi.SourceFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
+    _finder_registry[_fi.FileFinder] = ResourceFinder
+    # See issue #146
+    _finder_registry[_fi.SourcelessFileLoader] = ResourceFinder
+    del _fi
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    pass
+
+
+def register_finder(loader, finder_maker):
+    _finder_registry[type(loader)] = finder_maker
+
+
+_finder_cache = {}
+
+
+def finder(package):
+    """
+    Return a resource finder for a package.
+    :param package: The name of the package.
+    :return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the package.
+    """
+    if package in _finder_cache:
+        result = _finder_cache[package]
+    else:
+        if package not in sys.modules:
+            __import__(package)
+        module = sys.modules[package]
+        path = getattr(module, '__path__', None)
+        if path is None:
+            raise DistlibException('You cannot get a finder for a module, '
+                                   'only for a package')
+        loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        finder_maker = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
+        if finder_maker is None:
+            raise DistlibException('Unable to locate finder for %r' % package)
+        result = finder_maker(module)
+        _finder_cache[package] = result
+    return result
+
+
+_dummy_module = types.ModuleType(str('__dummy__'))
+
+
+def finder_for_path(path):
+    """
+    Return a resource finder for a path, which should represent a container.
+
+    :param path: The path.
+    :return: A :class:`ResourceFinder` instance for the path.
+    """
+    result = None
+    # calls any path hooks, gets importer into cache
+    pkgutil.get_importer(path)
+    loader = sys.path_importer_cache.get(path)
+    finder = _finder_registry.get(type(loader))
+    if finder:
+        module = _dummy_module
+        module.__file__ = os.path.join(path, '')
+        module.__loader__ = loader
+        result = finder(module)
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfa45d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from io import BytesIO
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import sys
+import time
+from zipfile import ZipInfo
+
+from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
+from .resources import finder
+from .util import (FileOperator, get_export_entry, convert_path,
+                   get_executable, get_platform, in_venv)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_DEFAULT_MANIFEST = '''
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
+ <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0"
+ processorArchitecture="X86"
+ name="%s"
+ type="win32"/>
+
+ <!-- Identify the application security requirements. -->
+ <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+ <security>
+ <requestedPrivileges>
+ <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"/>
+ </requestedPrivileges>
+ </security>
+ </trustInfo>
+</assembly>'''.strip()
+
+# check if Python is called on the first line with this expression
+FIRST_LINE_RE = re.compile(b'^#!.*pythonw?[0-9.]*([ \t].*)?$')
+SCRIPT_TEMPLATE = r'''# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import re
+import sys
+from %(module)s import %(import_name)s
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(%(func)s())
+'''
+
+
+def enquote_executable(executable):
+    if ' ' in executable:
+        # make sure we quote only the executable in case of env
+        # for example /usr/bin/env "/dir with spaces/bin/jython"
+        # instead of "/usr/bin/env /dir with spaces/bin/jython"
+        # otherwise whole
+        if executable.startswith('/usr/bin/env '):
+            env, _executable = executable.split(' ', 1)
+            if ' ' in _executable and not _executable.startswith('"'):
+                executable = '%s "%s"' % (env, _executable)
+        else:
+            if not executable.startswith('"'):
+                executable = '"%s"' % executable
+    return executable
+
+
+# Keep the old name around (for now), as there is at least one project using it!
+_enquote_executable = enquote_executable
+
+
+class ScriptMaker(object):
+    """
+    A class to copy or create scripts from source scripts or callable
+    specifications.
+    """
+    script_template = SCRIPT_TEMPLATE
+
+    executable = None  # for shebangs
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 source_dir,
+                 target_dir,
+                 add_launchers=True,
+                 dry_run=False,
+                 fileop=None):
+        self.source_dir = source_dir
+        self.target_dir = target_dir
+        self.add_launchers = add_launchers
+        self.force = False
+        self.clobber = False
+        # It only makes sense to set mode bits on POSIX.
+        self.set_mode = (os.name == 'posix') or (os.name == 'java'
+                                                 and os._name == 'posix')
+        self.variants = set(('', 'X.Y'))
+        self._fileop = fileop or FileOperator(dry_run)
+
+        self._is_nt = os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java'
+                                          and os._name == 'nt')
+        self.version_info = sys.version_info
+
+    def _get_alternate_executable(self, executable, options):
+        if options.get('gui', False) and self._is_nt:  # pragma: no cover
+            dn, fn = os.path.split(executable)
+            fn = fn.replace('python', 'pythonw')
+            executable = os.path.join(dn, fn)
+        return executable
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+
+        def _is_shell(self, executable):
+            """
+            Determine if the specified executable is a script
+            (contains a #! line)
+            """
+            try:
+                with open(executable) as fp:
+                    return fp.read(2) == '#!'
+            except (OSError, IOError):
+                logger.warning('Failed to open %s', executable)
+                return False
+
+        def _fix_jython_executable(self, executable):
+            if self._is_shell(executable):
+                # Workaround for Jython is not needed on Linux systems.
+                import java
+
+                if java.lang.System.getProperty('os.name') == 'Linux':
+                    return executable
+            elif executable.lower().endswith('jython.exe'):
+                # Use wrapper exe for Jython on Windows
+                return executable
+            return '/usr/bin/env %s' % executable
+
+    def _build_shebang(self, executable, post_interp):
+        """
+        Build a shebang line. In the simple case (on Windows, or a shebang line
+        which is not too long or contains spaces) use a simple formulation for
+        the shebang. Otherwise, use /bin/sh as the executable, with a contrived
+        shebang which allows the script to run either under Python or sh, using
+        suitable quoting. Thanks to Harald Nordgren for his input.
+
+        See also: http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/#length
+                  https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/tip/mach
+        """
+        if os.name != 'posix':
+            simple_shebang = True
+        else:
+            # Add 3 for '#!' prefix and newline suffix.
+            shebang_length = len(executable) + len(post_interp) + 3
+            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+                max_shebang_length = 512
+            else:
+                max_shebang_length = 127
+            simple_shebang = ((b' ' not in executable)
+                              and (shebang_length <= max_shebang_length))
+
+        if simple_shebang:
+            result = b'#!' + executable + post_interp + b'\n'
+        else:
+            result = b'#!/bin/sh\n'
+            result += b"'''exec' " + executable + post_interp + b' "$0" "$@"\n'
+            result += b"' '''"
+        return result
+
+    def _get_shebang(self, encoding, post_interp=b'', options=None):
+        enquote = True
+        if self.executable:
+            executable = self.executable
+            enquote = False  # assume this will be taken care of
+        elif not sysconfig.is_python_build():
+            executable = get_executable()
+        elif in_venv():  # pragma: no cover
+            executable = os.path.join(
+                sysconfig.get_path('scripts'),
+                'python%s' % sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE'))
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            if os.name == 'nt':
+                # for Python builds from source on Windows, no Python executables with
+                # a version suffix are created, so we use python.exe
+                executable = os.path.join(
+                    sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
+                    'python%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
+            else:
+                executable = os.path.join(
+                    sysconfig.get_config_var('BINDIR'),
+                    'python%s%s' % (sysconfig.get_config_var('VERSION'),
+                                    sysconfig.get_config_var('EXE')))
+        if options:
+            executable = self._get_alternate_executable(executable, options)
+
+        if sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+            executable = self._fix_jython_executable(executable)
+
+        # Normalise case for Windows - COMMENTED OUT
+        # executable = os.path.normcase(executable)
+        # N.B. The normalising operation above has been commented out: See
+        # issue #124. Although paths in Windows are generally case-insensitive,
+        # they aren't always. For example, a path containing a ẞ (which is a
+        # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S - U+1E9E) is normcased to ß (which is a
+        # LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S' - U+00DF). The two are not considered by
+        # Windows as equivalent in path names.
+
+        # If the user didn't specify an executable, it may be necessary to
+        # cater for executable paths with spaces (not uncommon on Windows)
+        if enquote:
+            executable = enquote_executable(executable)
+        # Issue #51: don't use fsencode, since we later try to
+        # check that the shebang is decodable using utf-8.
+        executable = executable.encode('utf-8')
+        # in case of IronPython, play safe and enable frames support
+        if (sys.platform == 'cli' and '-X:Frames' not in post_interp
+                and '-X:FullFrames' not in post_interp):  # pragma: no cover
+            post_interp += b' -X:Frames'
+        shebang = self._build_shebang(executable, post_interp)
+        # Python parser starts to read a script using UTF-8 until
+        # it gets a #coding:xxx cookie. The shebang has to be the
+        # first line of a file, the #coding:xxx cookie cannot be
+        # written before. So the shebang has to be decodable from
+        # UTF-8.
+        try:
+            shebang.decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable from utf-8' %
+                             shebang)
+        # If the script is encoded to a custom encoding (use a
+        # #coding:xxx cookie), the shebang has to be decodable from
+        # the script encoding too.
+        if encoding != 'utf-8':
+            try:
+                shebang.decode(encoding)
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise ValueError('The shebang (%r) is not decodable '
+                                 'from the script encoding (%r)' %
+                                 (shebang, encoding))
+        return shebang
+
+    def _get_script_text(self, entry):
+        return self.script_template % dict(
+            module=entry.prefix,
+            import_name=entry.suffix.split('.')[0],
+            func=entry.suffix)
+
+    manifest = _DEFAULT_MANIFEST
+
+    def get_manifest(self, exename):
+        base = os.path.basename(exename)
+        return self.manifest % base
+
+    def _write_script(self, names, shebang, script_bytes, filenames, ext):
+        use_launcher = self.add_launchers and self._is_nt
+        linesep = os.linesep.encode('utf-8')
+        if not shebang.endswith(linesep):
+            shebang += linesep
+        if not use_launcher:
+            script_bytes = shebang + script_bytes
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            if ext == 'py':
+                launcher = self._get_launcher('t')
+            else:
+                launcher = self._get_launcher('w')
+            stream = BytesIO()
+            with ZipFile(stream, 'w') as zf:
+                source_date_epoch = os.environ.get('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH')
+                if source_date_epoch:
+                    date_time = time.gmtime(int(source_date_epoch))[:6]
+                    zinfo = ZipInfo(filename='__main__.py',
+                                    date_time=date_time)
+                    zf.writestr(zinfo, script_bytes)
+                else:
+                    zf.writestr('__main__.py', script_bytes)
+            zip_data = stream.getvalue()
+            script_bytes = launcher + shebang + zip_data
+        for name in names:
+            outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, name)
+            if use_launcher:  # pragma: no cover
+                n, e = os.path.splitext(outname)
+                if e.startswith('.py'):
+                    outname = n
+                outname = '%s.exe' % outname
+                try:
+                    self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                except Exception:
+                    # Failed writing an executable - it might be in use.
+                    logger.warning('Failed to write executable - trying to '
+                                   'use .deleteme logic')
+                    dfname = '%s.deleteme' % outname
+                    if os.path.exists(dfname):
+                        os.remove(dfname)  # Not allowed to fail here
+                    os.rename(outname, dfname)  # nor here
+                    self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                    logger.debug('Able to replace executable using '
+                                 '.deleteme logic')
+                    try:
+                        os.remove(dfname)
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass  # still in use - ignore error
+            else:
+                if self._is_nt and not outname.endswith(
+                        '.' + ext):  # pragma: no cover
+                    outname = '%s.%s' % (outname, ext)
+                if os.path.exists(outname) and not self.clobber:
+                    logger.warning('Skipping existing file %s', outname)
+                    continue
+                self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
+                if self.set_mode:
+                    self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
+            filenames.append(outname)
+
+    variant_separator = '-'
+
+    def get_script_filenames(self, name):
+        result = set()
+        if '' in self.variants:
+            result.add(name)
+        if 'X' in self.variants:
+            result.add('%s%s' % (name, self.version_info[0]))
+        if 'X.Y' in self.variants:
+            result.add('%s%s%s.%s' %
+                       (name, self.variant_separator, self.version_info[0],
+                        self.version_info[1]))
+        return result
+
+    def _make_script(self, entry, filenames, options=None):
+        post_interp = b''
+        if options:
+            args = options.get('interpreter_args', [])
+            if args:
+                args = ' %s' % ' '.join(args)
+                post_interp = args.encode('utf-8')
+        shebang = self._get_shebang('utf-8', post_interp, options=options)
+        script = self._get_script_text(entry).encode('utf-8')
+        scriptnames = self.get_script_filenames(entry.name)
+        if options and options.get('gui', False):
+            ext = 'pyw'
+        else:
+            ext = 'py'
+        self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
+
+    def _copy_script(self, script, filenames):
+        adjust = False
+        script = os.path.join(self.source_dir, convert_path(script))
+        outname = os.path.join(self.target_dir, os.path.basename(script))
+        if not self.force and not self._fileop.newer(script, outname):
+            logger.debug('not copying %s (up-to-date)', script)
+            return
+
+        # Always open the file, but ignore failures in dry-run mode --
+        # that way, we'll get accurate feedback if we can read the
+        # script.
+        try:
+            f = open(script, 'rb')
+        except IOError:  # pragma: no cover
+            if not self.dry_run:
+                raise
+            f = None
+        else:
+            first_line = f.readline()
+            if not first_line:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.warning('%s is an empty file (skipping)', script)
+                return
+
+            match = FIRST_LINE_RE.match(first_line.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n'))
+            if match:
+                adjust = True
+                post_interp = match.group(1) or b''
+
+        if not adjust:
+            if f:
+                f.close()
+            self._fileop.copy_file(script, outname)
+            if self.set_mode:
+                self._fileop.set_executable_mode([outname])
+            filenames.append(outname)
+        else:
+            logger.info('copying and adjusting %s -> %s', script,
+                        self.target_dir)
+            if not self._fileop.dry_run:
+                encoding, lines = detect_encoding(f.readline)
+                f.seek(0)
+                shebang = self._get_shebang(encoding, post_interp)
+                if b'pythonw' in first_line:  # pragma: no cover
+                    ext = 'pyw'
+                else:
+                    ext = 'py'
+                n = os.path.basename(outname)
+                self._write_script([n], shebang, f.read(), filenames, ext)
+            if f:
+                f.close()
+
+    @property
+    def dry_run(self):
+        return self._fileop.dry_run
+
+    @dry_run.setter
+    def dry_run(self, value):
+        self._fileop.dry_run = value
+
+    if os.name == 'nt' or (os.name == 'java'
+                           and os._name == 'nt'):  # pragma: no cover
+        # Executable launcher support.
+        # Launchers are from https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/simple_launcher/
+
+        def _get_launcher(self, kind):
+            if struct.calcsize('P') == 8:  # 64-bit
+                bits = '64'
+            else:
+                bits = '32'
+            platform_suffix = '-arm' if get_platform() == 'win-arm64' else ''
+            name = '%s%s%s.exe' % (kind, bits, platform_suffix)
+            # Issue 31: don't hardcode an absolute package name, but
+            # determine it relative to the current package
+            distlib_package = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+            resource = finder(distlib_package).find(name)
+            if not resource:
+                msg = ('Unable to find resource %s in package %s' %
+                       (name, distlib_package))
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+            return resource.bytes
+
+    # Public API follows
+
+    def make(self, specification, options=None):
+        """
+        Make a script.
+
+        :param specification: The specification, which is either a valid export
+                              entry specification (to make a script from a
+                              callable) or a filename (to make a script by
+                              copying from a source location).
+        :param options: A dictionary of options controlling script generation.
+        :return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to.
+        """
+        filenames = []
+        entry = get_export_entry(specification)
+        if entry is None:
+            self._copy_script(specification, filenames)
+        else:
+            self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
+        return filenames
+
+    def make_multiple(self, specifications, options=None):
+        """
+        Take a list of specifications and make scripts from them,
+        :param specifications: A list of specifications.
+        :return: A list of all absolute pathnames written to,
+        """
+        filenames = []
+        for specification in specifications:
+            filenames.extend(self.make(specification, options))
+        return filenames
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba58858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2025 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+import codecs
+from collections import deque
+import contextlib
+import csv
+from glob import iglob as std_iglob
+import io
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import py_compile
+import re
+import socket
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    ssl = None
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+import time
+
+from . import DistlibException
+from .compat import (string_types, text_type, shutil, raw_input, StringIO,
+                     cache_from_source, urlopen, urljoin, httplib, xmlrpclib,
+                     HTTPHandler, BaseConfigurator, valid_ident,
+                     Container, configparser, URLError, ZipFile, fsdecode,
+                     unquote, urlparse)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+#
+# Requirement parsing code as per PEP 508
+#
+
+IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'^([\w\.-]+)\s*')
+VERSION_IDENTIFIER = re.compile(r'^([\w\.*+-]+)\s*')
+COMPARE_OP = re.compile(r'^(<=?|>=?|={2,3}|[~!]=)\s*')
+MARKER_OP = re.compile(r'^((<=?)|(>=?)|={2,3}|[~!]=|in|not\s+in)\s*')
+OR = re.compile(r'^or\b\s*')
+AND = re.compile(r'^and\b\s*')
+NON_SPACE = re.compile(r'(\S+)\s*')
+STRING_CHUNK = re.compile(r'([\s\w\.{}()*+#:;,/?!~`@$%^&=|<>\[\]-]+)')
+
+
+def parse_marker(marker_string):
+    """
+    Parse a marker string and return a dictionary containing a marker expression.
+
+    The dictionary will contain keys "op", "lhs" and "rhs" for non-terminals in
+    the expression grammar, or strings. A string contained in quotes is to be
+    interpreted as a literal string, and a string not contained in quotes is a
+    variable (such as os_name).
+    """
+
+    def marker_var(remaining):
+        # either identifier, or literal string
+        m = IDENTIFIER.match(remaining)
+        if m:
+            result = m.groups()[0]
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+        elif not remaining:
+            raise SyntaxError('unexpected end of input')
+        else:
+            q = remaining[0]
+            if q not in '\'"':
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid expression: %s' % remaining)
+            oq = '\'"'.replace(q, '')
+            remaining = remaining[1:]
+            parts = [q]
+            while remaining:
+                # either a string chunk, or oq, or q to terminate
+                if remaining[0] == q:
+                    break
+                elif remaining[0] == oq:
+                    parts.append(oq)
+                    remaining = remaining[1:]
+                else:
+                    m = STRING_CHUNK.match(remaining)
+                    if not m:
+                        raise SyntaxError('error in string literal: %s' %
+                                          remaining)
+                    parts.append(m.groups()[0])
+                    remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            else:
+                s = ''.join(parts)
+                raise SyntaxError('unterminated string: %s' % s)
+            parts.append(q)
+            result = ''.join(parts)
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()  # skip past closing quote
+        return result, remaining
+
+    def marker_expr(remaining):
+        if remaining and remaining[0] == '(':
+            result, remaining = marker(remaining[1:].lstrip())
+            if remaining[0] != ')':
+                raise SyntaxError('unterminated parenthesis: %s' % remaining)
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+        else:
+            lhs, remaining = marker_var(remaining)
+            while remaining:
+                m = MARKER_OP.match(remaining)
+                if not m:
+                    break
+                op = m.groups()[0]
+                remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+                rhs, remaining = marker_var(remaining)
+                lhs = {'op': op, 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+            result = lhs
+        return result, remaining
+
+    def marker_and(remaining):
+        lhs, remaining = marker_expr(remaining)
+        while remaining:
+            m = AND.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            rhs, remaining = marker_expr(remaining)
+            lhs = {'op': 'and', 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+        return lhs, remaining
+
+    def marker(remaining):
+        lhs, remaining = marker_and(remaining)
+        while remaining:
+            m = OR.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+            rhs, remaining = marker_and(remaining)
+            lhs = {'op': 'or', 'lhs': lhs, 'rhs': rhs}
+        return lhs, remaining
+
+    return marker(marker_string)
+
+
+def parse_requirement(req):
+    """
+    Parse a requirement passed in as a string. Return a Container
+    whose attributes contain the various parts of the requirement.
+    """
+    remaining = req.strip()
+    if not remaining or remaining.startswith('#'):
+        return None
+    m = IDENTIFIER.match(remaining)
+    if not m:
+        raise SyntaxError('name expected: %s' % remaining)
+    distname = m.groups()[0]
+    remaining = remaining[m.end():]
+    extras = mark_expr = versions = uri = None
+    if remaining and remaining[0] == '[':
+        i = remaining.find(']', 1)
+        if i < 0:
+            raise SyntaxError('unterminated extra: %s' % remaining)
+        s = remaining[1:i]
+        remaining = remaining[i + 1:].lstrip()
+        extras = []
+        while s:
+            m = IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+            if not m:
+                raise SyntaxError('malformed extra: %s' % s)
+            extras.append(m.groups()[0])
+            s = s[m.end():]
+            if not s:
+                break
+            if s[0] != ',':
+                raise SyntaxError('comma expected in extras: %s' % s)
+            s = s[1:].lstrip()
+        if not extras:
+            extras = None
+    if remaining:
+        if remaining[0] == '@':
+            # it's a URI
+            remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+            m = NON_SPACE.match(remaining)
+            if not m:
+                raise SyntaxError('invalid URI: %s' % remaining)
+            uri = m.groups()[0]
+            t = urlparse(uri)
+            # there are issues with Python and URL parsing, so this test
+            # is a bit crude. See bpo-20271, bpo-23505. Python doesn't
+            # always parse invalid URLs correctly - it should raise
+            # exceptions for malformed URLs
+            if not (t.scheme and t.netloc):
+                raise SyntaxError('Invalid URL: %s' % uri)
+            remaining = remaining[m.end():].lstrip()
+        else:
+
+            def get_versions(ver_remaining):
+                """
+                Return a list of operator, version tuples if any are
+                specified, else None.
+                """
+                m = COMPARE_OP.match(ver_remaining)
+                versions = None
+                if m:
+                    versions = []
+                    while True:
+                        op = m.groups()[0]
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[m.end():]
+                        m = VERSION_IDENTIFIER.match(ver_remaining)
+                        if not m:
+                            raise SyntaxError('invalid version: %s' %
+                                              ver_remaining)
+                        v = m.groups()[0]
+                        versions.append((op, v))
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[m.end():]
+                        if not ver_remaining or ver_remaining[0] != ',':
+                            break
+                        ver_remaining = ver_remaining[1:].lstrip()
+                        # Some packages have a trailing comma which would break things
+                        # See issue #148
+                        if not ver_remaining:
+                            break
+                        m = COMPARE_OP.match(ver_remaining)
+                        if not m:
+                            raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' %
+                                              ver_remaining)
+                    if not versions:
+                        versions = None
+                return versions, ver_remaining
+
+            if remaining[0] != '(':
+                versions, remaining = get_versions(remaining)
+            else:
+                i = remaining.find(')', 1)
+                if i < 0:
+                    raise SyntaxError('unterminated parenthesis: %s' %
+                                      remaining)
+                s = remaining[1:i]
+                remaining = remaining[i + 1:].lstrip()
+                # As a special diversion from PEP 508, allow a version number
+                # a.b.c in parentheses as a synonym for ~= a.b.c (because this
+                # is allowed in earlier PEPs)
+                if COMPARE_OP.match(s):
+                    versions, _ = get_versions(s)
+                else:
+                    m = VERSION_IDENTIFIER.match(s)
+                    if not m:
+                        raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' % s)
+                    v = m.groups()[0]
+                    s = s[m.end():].lstrip()
+                    if s:
+                        raise SyntaxError('invalid constraint: %s' % s)
+                    versions = [('~=', v)]
+
+    if remaining:
+        if remaining[0] != ';':
+            raise SyntaxError('invalid requirement: %s' % remaining)
+        remaining = remaining[1:].lstrip()
+
+        mark_expr, remaining = parse_marker(remaining)
+
+    if remaining and remaining[0] != '#':
+        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data: %s' % remaining)
+
+    if not versions:
+        rs = distname
+    else:
+        rs = '%s %s' % (distname, ', '.join(
+            ['%s %s' % con for con in versions]))
+    return Container(name=distname,
+                     extras=extras,
+                     constraints=versions,
+                     marker=mark_expr,
+                     url=uri,
+                     requirement=rs)
+
+
+def get_resources_dests(resources_root, rules):
+    """Find destinations for resources files"""
+
+    def get_rel_path(root, path):
+        # normalizes and returns a lstripped-/-separated path
+        root = root.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        path = path.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        assert path.startswith(root)
+        return path[len(root):].lstrip('/')
+
+    destinations = {}
+    for base, suffix, dest in rules:
+        prefix = os.path.join(resources_root, base)
+        for abs_base in iglob(prefix):
+            abs_glob = os.path.join(abs_base, suffix)
+            for abs_path in iglob(abs_glob):
+                resource_file = get_rel_path(resources_root, abs_path)
+                if dest is None:  # remove the entry if it was here
+                    destinations.pop(resource_file, None)
+                else:
+                    rel_path = get_rel_path(abs_base, abs_path)
+                    rel_dest = dest.replace(os.path.sep, '/').rstrip('/')
+                    destinations[resource_file] = rel_dest + '/' + rel_path
+    return destinations
+
+
+def in_venv():
+    if hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix'):
+        # virtualenv venvs
+        result = True
+    else:
+        # PEP 405 venvs
+        result = sys.prefix != getattr(sys, 'base_prefix', sys.prefix)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_executable():
+    # The __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ dance is apparently no longer needed, as
+    # changes to the stub launcher mean that sys.executable always points
+    # to the stub on OS X
+    #    if sys.platform == 'darwin' and ('__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__'
+    #                                     in os.environ):
+    #        result =  os.environ['__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__']
+    #    else:
+    #        result = sys.executable
+    #    return result
+    # Avoid normcasing: see issue #143
+    # result = os.path.normcase(sys.executable)
+    result = sys.executable
+    if not isinstance(result, text_type):
+        result = fsdecode(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def proceed(prompt, allowed_chars, error_prompt=None, default=None):
+    p = prompt
+    while True:
+        s = raw_input(p)
+        p = prompt
+        if not s and default:
+            s = default
+        if s:
+            c = s[0].lower()
+            if c in allowed_chars:
+                break
+            if error_prompt:
+                p = '%c: %s\n%s' % (c, error_prompt, prompt)
+    return c
+
+
+def extract_by_key(d, keys):
+    if isinstance(keys, string_types):
+        keys = keys.split()
+    result = {}
+    for key in keys:
+        if key in d:
+            result[key] = d[key]
+    return result
+
+
+def read_exports(stream):
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # needs to be a text stream
+        stream = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(stream)
+    # Try to load as JSON, falling back on legacy format
+    data = stream.read()
+    stream = StringIO(data)
+    try:
+        jdata = json.load(stream)
+        result = jdata['extensions']['python.exports']['exports']
+        for group, entries in result.items():
+            for k, v in entries.items():
+                s = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                entry = get_export_entry(s)
+                assert entry is not None
+                entries[k] = entry
+        return result
+    except Exception:
+        stream.seek(0, 0)
+
+    def read_stream(cp, stream):
+        if hasattr(cp, 'read_file'):
+            cp.read_file(stream)
+        else:
+            cp.readfp(stream)
+
+    cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    try:
+        read_stream(cp, stream)
+    except configparser.MissingSectionHeaderError:
+        stream.close()
+        data = textwrap.dedent(data)
+        stream = StringIO(data)
+        read_stream(cp, stream)
+
+    result = {}
+    for key in cp.sections():
+        result[key] = entries = {}
+        for name, value in cp.items(key):
+            s = '%s = %s' % (name, value)
+            entry = get_export_entry(s)
+            assert entry is not None
+            # entry.dist = self
+            entries[name] = entry
+    return result
+
+
+def write_exports(exports, stream):
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # needs to be a text stream
+        stream = codecs.getwriter('utf-8')(stream)
+    cp = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    for k, v in exports.items():
+        # TODO check k, v for valid values
+        cp.add_section(k)
+        for entry in v.values():
+            if entry.suffix is None:
+                s = entry.prefix
+            else:
+                s = '%s:%s' % (entry.prefix, entry.suffix)
+            if entry.flags:
+                s = '%s [%s]' % (s, ', '.join(entry.flags))
+            cp.set(k, entry.name, s)
+    cp.write(stream)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def tempdir():
+    td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        yield td
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(td)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def chdir(d):
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    try:
+        os.chdir(d)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def socket_timeout(seconds=15):
+    cto = socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    try:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(seconds)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(cto)
+
+
+class cached_property(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, func):
+        self.func = func
+        # for attr in ('__name__', '__module__', '__doc__'):
+        #     setattr(self, attr, getattr(func, attr, None))
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+        value = self.func(obj)
+        object.__setattr__(obj, self.func.__name__, value)
+        # obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = value = self.func(obj)
+        return value
+
+
+def convert_path(pathname):
+    """Return 'pathname' as a name that will work on the native filesystem.
+
+    The path is split on '/' and put back together again using the current
+    directory separator.  Needed because filenames in the setup script are
+    always supplied in Unix style, and have to be converted to the local
+    convention before we can actually use them in the filesystem.  Raises
+    ValueError on non-Unix-ish systems if 'pathname' either starts or
+    ends with a slash.
+    """
+    if os.sep == '/':
+        return pathname
+    if not pathname:
+        return pathname
+    if pathname[0] == '/':
+        raise ValueError("path '%s' cannot be absolute" % pathname)
+    if pathname[-1] == '/':
+        raise ValueError("path '%s' cannot end with '/'" % pathname)
+
+    paths = pathname.split('/')
+    while os.curdir in paths:
+        paths.remove(os.curdir)
+    if not paths:
+        return os.curdir
+    return os.path.join(*paths)
+
+
+class FileOperator(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, dry_run=False):
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
+        self.ensured = set()
+        self._init_record()
+
+    def _init_record(self):
+        self.record = False
+        self.files_written = set()
+        self.dirs_created = set()
+
+    def record_as_written(self, path):
+        if self.record:
+            self.files_written.add(path)
+
+    def newer(self, source, target):
+        """Tell if the target is newer than the source.
+
+        Returns true if 'source' exists and is more recently modified than
+        'target', or if 'source' exists and 'target' doesn't.
+
+        Returns false if both exist and 'target' is the same age or younger
+        than 'source'. Raise PackagingFileError if 'source' does not exist.
+
+        Note that this test is not very accurate: files created in the same
+        second will have the same "age".
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(source):
+            raise DistlibException("file '%r' does not exist" %
+                                   os.path.abspath(source))
+        if not os.path.exists(target):
+            return True
+
+        return os.stat(source).st_mtime > os.stat(target).st_mtime
+
+    def copy_file(self, infile, outfile, check=True):
+        """Copy a file respecting dry-run and force flags.
+        """
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(outfile))
+        logger.info('Copying %s to %s', infile, outfile)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            msg = None
+            if check:
+                if os.path.islink(outfile):
+                    msg = '%s is a symlink' % outfile
+                elif os.path.exists(outfile) and not os.path.isfile(outfile):
+                    msg = '%s is a non-regular file' % outfile
+            if msg:
+                raise ValueError(msg + ' which would be overwritten')
+            shutil.copyfile(infile, outfile)
+        self.record_as_written(outfile)
+
+    def copy_stream(self, instream, outfile, encoding=None):
+        assert not os.path.isdir(outfile)
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(outfile))
+        logger.info('Copying stream %s to %s', instream, outfile)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if encoding is None:
+                outstream = open(outfile, 'wb')
+            else:
+                outstream = codecs.open(outfile, 'w', encoding=encoding)
+            try:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(instream, outstream)
+            finally:
+                outstream.close()
+        self.record_as_written(outfile)
+
+    def write_binary_file(self, path, data):
+        self.ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if os.path.exists(path):
+                os.remove(path)
+            with open(path, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(data)
+        self.record_as_written(path)
+
+    def write_text_file(self, path, data, encoding):
+        self.write_binary_file(path, data.encode(encoding))
+
+    def set_mode(self, bits, mask, files):
+        if os.name == 'posix' or (os.name == 'java' and os._name == 'posix'):
+            # Set the executable bits (owner, group, and world) on
+            # all the files specified.
+            for f in files:
+                if self.dry_run:
+                    logger.info("changing mode of %s", f)
+                else:
+                    mode = (os.stat(f).st_mode | bits) & mask
+                    logger.info("changing mode of %s to %o", f, mode)
+                    os.chmod(f, mode)
+
+    set_executable_mode = lambda s, f: s.set_mode(0o555, 0o7777, f)
+
+    def ensure_dir(self, path):
+        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+        if path not in self.ensured and not os.path.exists(path):
+            self.ensured.add(path)
+            d, f = os.path.split(path)
+            self.ensure_dir(d)
+            logger.info('Creating %s' % path)
+            if not self.dry_run:
+                os.mkdir(path)
+            if self.record:
+                self.dirs_created.add(path)
+
+    def byte_compile(self,
+                     path,
+                     optimize=False,
+                     force=False,
+                     prefix=None,
+                     hashed_invalidation=False):
+        dpath = cache_from_source(path, not optimize)
+        logger.info('Byte-compiling %s to %s', path, dpath)
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            if force or self.newer(path, dpath):
+                if not prefix:
+                    diagpath = None
+                else:
+                    assert path.startswith(prefix)
+                    diagpath = path[len(prefix):]
+            compile_kwargs = {}
+            if hashed_invalidation and hasattr(py_compile,
+                                               'PycInvalidationMode'):
+                compile_kwargs[
+                    'invalidation_mode'] = py_compile.PycInvalidationMode.CHECKED_HASH
+            py_compile.compile(path, dpath, diagpath, True,
+                               **compile_kwargs)  # raise error
+        self.record_as_written(dpath)
+        return dpath
+
+    def ensure_removed(self, path):
+        if os.path.exists(path):
+            if os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.islink(path):
+                logger.debug('Removing directory tree at %s', path)
+                if not self.dry_run:
+                    shutil.rmtree(path)
+                if self.record:
+                    if path in self.dirs_created:
+                        self.dirs_created.remove(path)
+            else:
+                if os.path.islink(path):
+                    s = 'link'
+                else:
+                    s = 'file'
+                logger.debug('Removing %s %s', s, path)
+                if not self.dry_run:
+                    os.remove(path)
+                if self.record:
+                    if path in self.files_written:
+                        self.files_written.remove(path)
+
+    def is_writable(self, path):
+        result = False
+        while not result:
+            if os.path.exists(path):
+                result = os.access(path, os.W_OK)
+                break
+            parent = os.path.dirname(path)
+            if parent == path:
+                break
+            path = parent
+        return result
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """
+        Commit recorded changes, turn off recording, return
+        changes.
+        """
+        assert self.record
+        result = self.files_written, self.dirs_created
+        self._init_record()
+        return result
+
+    def rollback(self):
+        if not self.dry_run:
+            for f in list(self.files_written):
+                if os.path.exists(f):
+                    os.remove(f)
+            # dirs should all be empty now, except perhaps for
+            # __pycache__ subdirs
+            # reverse so that subdirs appear before their parents
+            dirs = sorted(self.dirs_created, reverse=True)
+            for d in dirs:
+                flist = os.listdir(d)
+                if flist:
+                    assert flist == ['__pycache__']
+                    sd = os.path.join(d, flist[0])
+                    os.rmdir(sd)
+                os.rmdir(d)  # should fail if non-empty
+        self._init_record()
+
+
+def resolve(module_name, dotted_path):
+    if module_name in sys.modules:
+        mod = sys.modules[module_name]
+    else:
+        mod = __import__(module_name)
+    if dotted_path is None:
+        result = mod
+    else:
+        parts = dotted_path.split('.')
+        result = getattr(mod, parts.pop(0))
+        for p in parts:
+            result = getattr(result, p)
+    return result
+
+
+class ExportEntry(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, prefix, suffix, flags):
+        self.name = name
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.suffix = suffix
+        self.flags = flags
+
+    @cached_property
+    def value(self):
+        return resolve(self.prefix, self.suffix)
+
+    def __repr__(self):  # pragma: no cover
+        return '<ExportEntry %s = %s:%s %s>' % (self.name, self.prefix,
+                                                self.suffix, self.flags)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, ExportEntry):
+            result = False
+        else:
+            result = (self.name == other.name and self.prefix == other.prefix
+                      and self.suffix == other.suffix
+                      and self.flags == other.flags)
+        return result
+
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+ENTRY_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''(?P<name>([^\[]\S*))
+                      \s*=\s*(?P<callable>(\w+)([:\.]\w+)*)
+                      \s*(\[\s*(?P<flags>[\w-]+(=\w+)?(,\s*\w+(=\w+)?)*)\s*\])?
+                      ''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+
+def get_export_entry(specification):
+    m = ENTRY_RE.search(specification)
+    if not m:
+        result = None
+        if '[' in specification or ']' in specification:
+            raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                   "'%s'" % specification)
+    else:
+        d = m.groupdict()
+        name = d['name']
+        path = d['callable']
+        colons = path.count(':')
+        if colons == 0:
+            prefix, suffix = path, None
+        else:
+            if colons != 1:
+                raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                       "'%s'" % specification)
+            prefix, suffix = path.split(':')
+        flags = d['flags']
+        if flags is None:
+            if '[' in specification or ']' in specification:
+                raise DistlibException("Invalid specification "
+                                       "'%s'" % specification)
+            flags = []
+        else:
+            flags = [f.strip() for f in flags.split(',')]
+        result = ExportEntry(name, prefix, suffix, flags)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_cache_base(suffix=None):
+    """
+    Return the default base location for distlib caches. If the directory does
+    not exist, it is created. Use the suffix provided for the base directory,
+    and default to '.distlib' if it isn't provided.
+
+    On Windows, if LOCALAPPDATA is defined in the environment, then it is
+    assumed to be a directory, and will be the parent directory of the result.
+    On POSIX, and on Windows if LOCALAPPDATA is not defined, the user's home
+    directory - using os.expanduser('~') - will be the parent directory of
+    the result.
+
+    The result is just the directory '.distlib' in the parent directory as
+    determined above, or with the name specified with ``suffix``.
+    """
+    if suffix is None:
+        suffix = '.distlib'
+    if os.name == 'nt' and 'LOCALAPPDATA' in os.environ:
+        result = os.path.expandvars('$localappdata')
+    else:
+        # Assume posix, or old Windows
+        result = os.path.expanduser('~')
+    # we use 'isdir' instead of 'exists', because we want to
+    # fail if there's a file with that name
+    if os.path.isdir(result):
+        usable = os.access(result, os.W_OK)
+        if not usable:
+            logger.warning('Directory exists but is not writable: %s', result)
+    else:
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(result)
+            usable = True
+        except OSError:
+            logger.warning('Unable to create %s', result, exc_info=True)
+            usable = False
+    if not usable:
+        result = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        logger.warning('Default location unusable, using %s', result)
+    return os.path.join(result, suffix)
+
+
+def path_to_cache_dir(path):
+    """
+    Convert an absolute path to a directory name for use in a cache.
+
+    The algorithm used is:
+
+    #. On Windows, any ``':'`` in the drive is replaced with ``'---'``.
+    #. Any occurrence of ``os.sep`` is replaced with ``'--'``.
+    #. ``'.cache'`` is appended.
+    """
+    d, p = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(path))
+    if d:
+        d = d.replace(':', '---')
+    p = p.replace(os.sep, '--')
+    return d + p + '.cache'
+
+
+def ensure_slash(s):
+    if not s.endswith('/'):
+        return s + '/'
+    return s
+
+
+def parse_credentials(netloc):
+    username = password = None
+    if '@' in netloc:
+        prefix, netloc = netloc.rsplit('@', 1)
+        if ':' not in prefix:
+            username = prefix
+        else:
+            username, password = prefix.split(':', 1)
+    if username:
+        username = unquote(username)
+    if password:
+        password = unquote(password)
+    return username, password, netloc
+
+
+def get_process_umask():
+    result = os.umask(0o22)
+    os.umask(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def is_string_sequence(seq):
+    result = True
+    i = None
+    for i, s in enumerate(seq):
+        if not isinstance(s, string_types):
+            result = False
+            break
+    assert i is not None
+    return result
+
+
+PROJECT_NAME_AND_VERSION = re.compile(
+    '([a-z0-9_]+([.-][a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)*)-'
+    '([a-z0-9_.+-]+)', re.I)
+PYTHON_VERSION = re.compile(r'-py(\d\.?\d?)')
+
+
+def split_filename(filename, project_name=None):
+    """
+    Extract name, version, python version from a filename (no extension)
+
+    Return name, version, pyver or None
+    """
+    result = None
+    pyver = None
+    filename = unquote(filename).replace(' ', '-')
+    m = PYTHON_VERSION.search(filename)
+    if m:
+        pyver = m.group(1)
+        filename = filename[:m.start()]
+    if project_name and len(filename) > len(project_name) + 1:
+        m = re.match(re.escape(project_name) + r'\b', filename)
+        if m:
+            n = m.end()
+            result = filename[:n], filename[n + 1:], pyver
+    if result is None:
+        m = PROJECT_NAME_AND_VERSION.match(filename)
+        if m:
+            result = m.group(1), m.group(3), pyver
+    return result
+
+
+# Allow spaces in name because of legacy dists like "Twisted Core"
+NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'(?P<name>[\w .-]+)\s*'
+                             r'\(\s*(?P<ver>[^\s)]+)\)$')
+
+
+def parse_name_and_version(p):
+    """
+    A utility method used to get name and version from a string.
+
+    From e.g. a Provides-Dist value.
+
+    :param p: A value in a form 'foo (1.0)'
+    :return: The name and version as a tuple.
+    """
+    m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(p)
+    if not m:
+        raise DistlibException('Ill-formed name/version string: \'%s\'' % p)
+    d = m.groupdict()
+    return d['name'].strip().lower(), d['ver']
+
+
+def get_extras(requested, available):
+    result = set()
+    requested = set(requested or [])
+    available = set(available or [])
+    if '*' in requested:
+        requested.remove('*')
+        result |= available
+    for r in requested:
+        if r == '-':
+            result.add(r)
+        elif r.startswith('-'):
+            unwanted = r[1:]
+            if unwanted not in available:
+                logger.warning('undeclared extra: %s' % unwanted)
+            if unwanted in result:
+                result.remove(unwanted)
+        else:
+            if r not in available:
+                logger.warning('undeclared extra: %s' % r)
+            result.add(r)
+    return result
+
+
+#
+# Extended metadata functionality
+#
+
+
+def _get_external_data(url):
+    result = {}
+    try:
+        # urlopen might fail if it runs into redirections,
+        # because of Python issue #13696. Fixed in locators
+        # using a custom redirect handler.
+        resp = urlopen(url)
+        headers = resp.info()
+        ct = headers.get('Content-Type')
+        if not ct.startswith('application/json'):
+            logger.debug('Unexpected response for JSON request: %s', ct)
+        else:
+            reader = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(resp)
+            # data = reader.read().decode('utf-8')
+            # result = json.loads(data)
+            result = json.load(reader)
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.exception('Failed to get external data for %s: %s', url, e)
+    return result
+
+
+_external_data_base_url = 'https://www.red-dove.com/pypi/projects/'
+
+
+def get_project_data(name):
+    url = '%s/%s/project.json' % (name[0].upper(), name)
+    url = urljoin(_external_data_base_url, url)
+    result = _get_external_data(url)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_package_data(name, version):
+    url = '%s/%s/package-%s.json' % (name[0].upper(), name, version)
+    url = urljoin(_external_data_base_url, url)
+    return _get_external_data(url)
+
+
+class Cache(object):
+    """
+    A class implementing a cache for resources that need to live in the file system
+    e.g. shared libraries. This class was moved from resources to here because it
+    could be used by other modules, e.g. the wheel module.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, base):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance.
+
+        :param base: The base directory where the cache should be located.
+        """
+        # we use 'isdir' instead of 'exists', because we want to
+        # fail if there's a file with that name
+        if not os.path.isdir(base):  # pragma: no cover
+            os.makedirs(base)
+        if (os.stat(base).st_mode & 0o77) != 0:
+            logger.warning('Directory \'%s\' is not private', base)
+        self.base = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(base))
+
+    def prefix_to_dir(self, prefix):
+        """
+        Converts a resource prefix to a directory name in the cache.
+        """
+        return path_to_cache_dir(prefix)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear the cache.
+        """
+        not_removed = []
+        for fn in os.listdir(self.base):
+            fn = os.path.join(self.base, fn)
+            try:
+                if os.path.islink(fn) or os.path.isfile(fn):
+                    os.remove(fn)
+                elif os.path.isdir(fn):
+                    shutil.rmtree(fn)
+            except Exception:
+                not_removed.append(fn)
+        return not_removed
+
+
+class EventMixin(object):
+    """
+    A very simple publish/subscribe system.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._subscribers = {}
+
+    def add(self, event, subscriber, append=True):
+        """
+        Add a subscriber for an event.
+
+        :param event: The name of an event.
+        :param subscriber: The subscriber to be added (and called when the
+                           event is published).
+        :param append: Whether to append or prepend the subscriber to an
+                       existing subscriber list for the event.
+        """
+        subs = self._subscribers
+        if event not in subs:
+            subs[event] = deque([subscriber])
+        else:
+            sq = subs[event]
+            if append:
+                sq.append(subscriber)
+            else:
+                sq.appendleft(subscriber)
+
+    def remove(self, event, subscriber):
+        """
+        Remove a subscriber for an event.
+
+        :param event: The name of an event.
+        :param subscriber: The subscriber to be removed.
+        """
+        subs = self._subscribers
+        if event not in subs:
+            raise ValueError('No subscribers: %r' % event)
+        subs[event].remove(subscriber)
+
+    def get_subscribers(self, event):
+        """
+        Return an iterator for the subscribers for an event.
+        :param event: The event to return subscribers for.
+        """
+        return iter(self._subscribers.get(event, ()))
+
+    def publish(self, event, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Publish a event and return a list of values returned by its
+        subscribers.
+
+        :param event: The event to publish.
+        :param args: The positional arguments to pass to the event's
+                     subscribers.
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments to pass to the event's
+                       subscribers.
+        """
+        result = []
+        for subscriber in self.get_subscribers(event):
+            try:
+                value = subscriber(event, *args, **kwargs)
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception('Exception during event publication')
+                value = None
+            result.append(value)
+        logger.debug('publish %s: args = %s, kwargs = %s, result = %s', event,
+                     args, kwargs, result)
+        return result
+
+
+#
+# Simple sequencing
+#
+class Sequencer(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._preds = {}
+        self._succs = {}
+        self._nodes = set()  # nodes with no preds/succs
+
+    def add_node(self, node):
+        self._nodes.add(node)
+
+    def remove_node(self, node, edges=False):
+        if node in self._nodes:
+            self._nodes.remove(node)
+        if edges:
+            for p in set(self._preds.get(node, ())):
+                self.remove(p, node)
+            for s in set(self._succs.get(node, ())):
+                self.remove(node, s)
+            # Remove empties
+            for k, v in list(self._preds.items()):
+                if not v:
+                    del self._preds[k]
+            for k, v in list(self._succs.items()):
+                if not v:
+                    del self._succs[k]
+
+    def add(self, pred, succ):
+        assert pred != succ
+        self._preds.setdefault(succ, set()).add(pred)
+        self._succs.setdefault(pred, set()).add(succ)
+
+    def remove(self, pred, succ):
+        assert pred != succ
+        try:
+            preds = self._preds[succ]
+            succs = self._succs[pred]
+        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('%r not a successor of anything' % succ)
+        try:
+            preds.remove(pred)
+            succs.remove(succ)
+        except KeyError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('%r not a successor of %r' % (succ, pred))
+
+    def is_step(self, step):
+        return (step in self._preds or step in self._succs
+                or step in self._nodes)
+
+    def get_steps(self, final):
+        if not self.is_step(final):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown: %r' % final)
+        result = []
+        todo = []
+        seen = set()
+        todo.append(final)
+        while todo:
+            step = todo.pop(0)
+            if step in seen:
+                # if a step was already seen,
+                # move it to the end (so it will appear earlier
+                # when reversed on return) ... but not for the
+                # final step, as that would be confusing for
+                # users
+                if step != final:
+                    result.remove(step)
+                    result.append(step)
+            else:
+                seen.add(step)
+                result.append(step)
+                preds = self._preds.get(step, ())
+                todo.extend(preds)
+        return reversed(result)
+
+    @property
+    def strong_connections(self):
+        # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s_strongly_connected_components_algorithm
+        index_counter = [0]
+        stack = []
+        lowlinks = {}
+        index = {}
+        result = []
+
+        graph = self._succs
+
+        def strongconnect(node):
+            # set the depth index for this node to the smallest unused index
+            index[node] = index_counter[0]
+            lowlinks[node] = index_counter[0]
+            index_counter[0] += 1
+            stack.append(node)
+
+            # Consider successors
+            try:
+                successors = graph[node]
+            except Exception:
+                successors = []
+            for successor in successors:
+                if successor not in lowlinks:
+                    # Successor has not yet been visited
+                    strongconnect(successor)
+                    lowlinks[node] = min(lowlinks[node], lowlinks[successor])
+                elif successor in stack:
+                    # the successor is in the stack and hence in the current
+                    # strongly connected component (SCC)
+                    lowlinks[node] = min(lowlinks[node], index[successor])
+
+            # If `node` is a root node, pop the stack and generate an SCC
+            if lowlinks[node] == index[node]:
+                connected_component = []
+
+                while True:
+                    successor = stack.pop()
+                    connected_component.append(successor)
+                    if successor == node:
+                        break
+                component = tuple(connected_component)
+                # storing the result
+                result.append(component)
+
+        for node in graph:
+            if node not in lowlinks:
+                strongconnect(node)
+
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def dot(self):
+        result = ['digraph G {']
+        for succ in self._preds:
+            preds = self._preds[succ]
+            for pred in preds:
+                result.append('  %s -> %s;' % (pred, succ))
+        for node in self._nodes:
+            result.append('  %s;' % node)
+        result.append('}')
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+
+
+#
+# Unarchiving functionality for zip, tar, tgz, tbz, whl
+#
+
+ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.gz', '.tar.bz2', '.tar', '.zip', '.tgz', '.tbz',
+                      '.whl')
+
+
+def unarchive(archive_filename, dest_dir, format=None, check=True):
+
+    def check_path(path):
+        if not isinstance(path, text_type):
+            path = path.decode('utf-8')
+        p = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dest_dir, path))
+        if not p.startswith(dest_dir) or p[plen] != os.sep:
+            raise ValueError('path outside destination: %r' % p)
+
+    dest_dir = os.path.abspath(dest_dir)
+    plen = len(dest_dir)
+    archive = None
+    if format is None:
+        if archive_filename.endswith(('.zip', '.whl')):
+            format = 'zip'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith(('.tar.gz', '.tgz')):
+            format = 'tgz'
+            mode = 'r:gz'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith(('.tar.bz2', '.tbz')):
+            format = 'tbz'
+            mode = 'r:bz2'
+        elif archive_filename.endswith('.tar'):
+            format = 'tar'
+            mode = 'r'
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError('Unknown format for %r' % archive_filename)
+    try:
+        if format == 'zip':
+            archive = ZipFile(archive_filename, 'r')
+            if check:
+                names = archive.namelist()
+                for name in names:
+                    check_path(name)
+        else:
+            archive = tarfile.open(archive_filename, mode)
+            if check:
+                names = archive.getnames()
+                for name in names:
+                    check_path(name)
+        if format != 'zip' and sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            # See Python issue 17153. If the dest path contains Unicode,
+            # tarfile extraction fails on Python 2.x if a member path name
+            # contains non-ASCII characters - it leads to an implicit
+            # bytes -> unicode conversion using ASCII to decode.
+            for tarinfo in archive.getmembers():
+                if not isinstance(tarinfo.name, text_type):
+                    tarinfo.name = tarinfo.name.decode('utf-8')
+
+        # Limit extraction of dangerous items, if this Python
+        # allows it easily. If not, just trust the input.
+        # See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#extraction-filters
+        def extraction_filter(member, path):
+            """Run tarfile.tar_filter, but raise the expected ValueError"""
+            # This is only called if the current Python has tarfile filters
+            try:
+                return tarfile.tar_filter(member, path)
+            except tarfile.FilterError as exc:
+                raise ValueError(str(exc))
+
+        archive.extraction_filter = extraction_filter
+
+        archive.extractall(dest_dir)
+
+    finally:
+        if archive:
+            archive.close()
+
+
+def zip_dir(directory):
+    """zip a directory tree into a BytesIO object"""
+    result = io.BytesIO()
+    dlen = len(directory)
+    with ZipFile(result, "w") as zf:
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
+            for name in files:
+                full = os.path.join(root, name)
+                rel = root[dlen:]
+                dest = os.path.join(rel, name)
+                zf.write(full, dest)
+    return result
+
+
+#
+# Simple progress bar
+#
+
+UNITS = ('', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P')
+
+
+class Progress(object):
+    unknown = 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def __init__(self, minval=0, maxval=100):
+        assert maxval is None or maxval >= minval
+        self.min = self.cur = minval
+        self.max = maxval
+        self.started = None
+        self.elapsed = 0
+        self.done = False
+
+    def update(self, curval):
+        assert self.min <= curval
+        assert self.max is None or curval <= self.max
+        self.cur = curval
+        now = time.time()
+        if self.started is None:
+            self.started = now
+        else:
+            self.elapsed = now - self.started
+
+    def increment(self, incr):
+        assert incr >= 0
+        self.update(self.cur + incr)
+
+    def start(self):
+        self.update(self.min)
+        return self
+
+    def stop(self):
+        if self.max is not None:
+            self.update(self.max)
+        self.done = True
+
+    @property
+    def maximum(self):
+        return self.unknown if self.max is None else self.max
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self):
+        if self.done:
+            result = '100 %'
+        elif self.max is None:
+            result = ' ?? %'
+        else:
+            v = 100.0 * (self.cur - self.min) / (self.max - self.min)
+            result = '%3d %%' % v
+        return result
+
+    def format_duration(self, duration):
+        if (duration <= 0) and self.max is None or self.cur == self.min:
+            result = '??:??:??'
+        # elif duration < 1:
+        #     result = '--:--:--'
+        else:
+            result = time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(duration))
+        return result
+
+    @property
+    def ETA(self):
+        if self.done:
+            prefix = 'Done'
+            t = self.elapsed
+            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        else:
+            prefix = 'ETA '
+            if self.max is None:
+                t = -1
+            elif self.elapsed == 0 or (self.cur == self.min):
+                t = 0
+            else:
+                # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+                t = float(self.max - self.min)
+                t /= self.cur - self.min
+                t = (t - 1) * self.elapsed
+        return '%s: %s' % (prefix, self.format_duration(t))
+
+    @property
+    def speed(self):
+        if self.elapsed == 0:
+            result = 0.0
+        else:
+            result = (self.cur - self.min) / self.elapsed
+        for unit in UNITS:
+            if result < 1000:
+                break
+            result /= 1000.0
+        return '%d %sB/s' % (result, unit)
+
+
+#
+# Glob functionality
+#
+
+RICH_GLOB = re.compile(r'\{([^}]*)\}')
+_CHECK_RECURSIVE_GLOB = re.compile(r'[^/\\,{]\*\*|\*\*[^/\\,}]')
+_CHECK_MISMATCH_SET = re.compile(r'^[^{]*\}|\{[^}]*$')
+
+
+def iglob(path_glob):
+    """Extended globbing function that supports ** and {opt1,opt2,opt3}."""
+    if _CHECK_RECURSIVE_GLOB.search(path_glob):
+        msg = """invalid glob %r: recursive glob "**" must be used alone"""
+        raise ValueError(msg % path_glob)
+    if _CHECK_MISMATCH_SET.search(path_glob):
+        msg = """invalid glob %r: mismatching set marker '{' or '}'"""
+        raise ValueError(msg % path_glob)
+    return _iglob(path_glob)
+
+
+def _iglob(path_glob):
+    rich_path_glob = RICH_GLOB.split(path_glob, 1)
+    if len(rich_path_glob) > 1:
+        assert len(rich_path_glob) == 3, rich_path_glob
+        prefix, set, suffix = rich_path_glob
+        for item in set.split(','):
+            for path in _iglob(''.join((prefix, item, suffix))):
+                yield path
+    else:
+        if '**' not in path_glob:
+            for item in std_iglob(path_glob):
+                yield item
+        else:
+            prefix, radical = path_glob.split('**', 1)
+            if prefix == '':
+                prefix = '.'
+            if radical == '':
+                radical = '*'
+            else:
+                # we support both
+                radical = radical.lstrip('/')
+                radical = radical.lstrip('\\')
+            for path, dir, files in os.walk(prefix):
+                path = os.path.normpath(path)
+                for fn in _iglob(os.path.join(path, radical)):
+                    yield fn
+
+
+if ssl:
+    from .compat import (HTTPSHandler as BaseHTTPSHandler, match_hostname,
+                         CertificateError)
+
+    #
+    # HTTPSConnection which verifies certificates/matches domains
+    #
+
+    class HTTPSConnection(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
+        ca_certs = None  # set this to the path to the certs file (.pem)
+        check_domain = True  # only used if ca_certs is not None
+
+        # noinspection PyPropertyAccess
+        def connect(self):
+            sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port),
+                                            self.timeout)
+            if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', False):
+                self.sock = sock
+                self._tunnel()
+
+            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+            if hasattr(ssl, 'OP_NO_SSLv2'):
+                context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+            if getattr(self, 'cert_file', None):
+                context.load_cert_chain(self.cert_file, self.key_file)
+            kwargs = {}
+            if self.ca_certs:
+                context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+                context.load_verify_locations(cafile=self.ca_certs)
+                if getattr(ssl, 'HAS_SNI', False):
+                    kwargs['server_hostname'] = self.host
+
+            self.sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, **kwargs)
+            if self.ca_certs and self.check_domain:
+                try:
+                    match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
+                    logger.debug('Host verified: %s', self.host)
+                except CertificateError:  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+                    self.sock.close()
+                    raise
+
+    class HTTPSHandler(BaseHTTPSHandler):
+
+        def __init__(self, ca_certs, check_domain=True):
+            BaseHTTPSHandler.__init__(self)
+            self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+            self.check_domain = check_domain
+
+        def _conn_maker(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            This is called to create a connection instance. Normally you'd
+            pass a connection class to do_open, but it doesn't actually check for
+            a class, and just expects a callable. As long as we behave just as a
+            constructor would have, we should be OK. If it ever changes so that
+            we *must* pass a class, we'll create an UnsafeHTTPSConnection class
+            which just sets check_domain to False in the class definition, and
+            choose which one to pass to do_open.
+            """
+            result = HTTPSConnection(*args, **kwargs)
+            if self.ca_certs:
+                result.ca_certs = self.ca_certs
+                result.check_domain = self.check_domain
+            return result
+
+        def https_open(self, req):
+            try:
+                return self.do_open(self._conn_maker, req)
+            except URLError as e:
+                if 'certificate verify failed' in str(e.reason):
+                    raise CertificateError(
+                        'Unable to verify server certificate '
+                        'for %s' % req.host)
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+    #
+    # To prevent against mixing HTTP traffic with HTTPS (examples: A Man-In-The-
+    # Middle proxy using HTTP listens on port 443, or an index mistakenly serves
+    # HTML containing a http://xyz link when it should be https://xyz),
+    # you can use the following handler class, which does not allow HTTP traffic.
+    #
+    # It works by inheriting from HTTPHandler - so build_opener won't add a
+    # handler for HTTP itself.
+    #
+    class HTTPSOnlyHandler(HTTPSHandler, HTTPHandler):
+
+        def http_open(self, req):
+            raise URLError(
+                'Unexpected HTTP request on what should be a secure '
+                'connection: %s' % req)
+
+
+#
+# XML-RPC with timeouts
+#
+class Transport(xmlrpclib.Transport):
+
+    def __init__(self, timeout, use_datetime=0):
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        xmlrpclib.Transport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
+
+    def make_connection(self, host):
+        h, eh, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
+        if not self._connection or host != self._connection[0]:
+            self._extra_headers = eh
+            self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPConnection(h)
+        return self._connection[1]
+
+
+if ssl:
+
+    class SafeTransport(xmlrpclib.SafeTransport):
+
+        def __init__(self, timeout, use_datetime=0):
+            self.timeout = timeout
+            xmlrpclib.SafeTransport.__init__(self, use_datetime)
+
+        def make_connection(self, host):
+            h, eh, kwargs = self.get_host_info(host)
+            if not kwargs:
+                kwargs = {}
+            kwargs['timeout'] = self.timeout
+            if not self._connection or host != self._connection[0]:
+                self._extra_headers = eh
+                self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPSConnection(
+                    h, None, **kwargs)
+            return self._connection[1]
+
+
+class ServerProxy(xmlrpclib.ServerProxy):
+
+    def __init__(self, uri, **kwargs):
+        self.timeout = timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', None)
+        # The above classes only come into play if a timeout
+        # is specified
+        if timeout is not None:
+            # scheme = splittype(uri)  # deprecated as of Python 3.8
+            scheme = urlparse(uri)[0]
+            use_datetime = kwargs.get('use_datetime', 0)
+            if scheme == 'https':
+                tcls = SafeTransport
+            else:
+                tcls = Transport
+            kwargs['transport'] = t = tcls(timeout, use_datetime=use_datetime)
+            self.transport = t
+        xmlrpclib.ServerProxy.__init__(self, uri, **kwargs)
+
+
+#
+# CSV functionality. This is provided because on 2.x, the csv module can't
+# handle Unicode. However, we need to deal with Unicode in e.g. RECORD files.
+#
+
+
+def _csv_open(fn, mode, **kwargs):
+    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+        mode += 'b'
+    else:
+        kwargs['newline'] = ''
+        # Python 3 determines encoding from locale. Force 'utf-8'
+        # file encoding to match other forced utf-8 encoding
+        kwargs['encoding'] = 'utf-8'
+    return open(fn, mode, **kwargs)
+
+
+class CSVBase(object):
+    defaults = {
+        'delimiter': str(','),  # The strs are used because we need native
+        'quotechar': str('"'),  # str in the csv API (2.x won't take
+        'lineterminator': str('\n')  # Unicode)
+    }
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
+        self.stream.close()
+
+
+class CSVReader(CSVBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        if 'stream' in kwargs:
+            stream = kwargs['stream']
+            if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+                # needs to be a text stream
+                stream = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(stream)
+            self.stream = stream
+        else:
+            self.stream = _csv_open(kwargs['path'], 'r')
+        self.reader = csv.reader(self.stream, **self.defaults)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def next(self):
+        result = next(self.reader)
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            for i, item in enumerate(result):
+                if not isinstance(item, text_type):
+                    result[i] = item.decode('utf-8')
+        return result
+
+    __next__ = next
+
+
+class CSVWriter(CSVBase):
+
+    def __init__(self, fn, **kwargs):
+        self.stream = _csv_open(fn, 'w')
+        self.writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **self.defaults)
+
+    def writerow(self, row):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            r = []
+            for item in row:
+                if isinstance(item, text_type):
+                    item = item.encode('utf-8')
+                r.append(item)
+            row = r
+        self.writer.writerow(row)
+
+
+#
+#   Configurator functionality
+#
+
+
+class Configurator(BaseConfigurator):
+
+    value_converters = dict(BaseConfigurator.value_converters)
+    value_converters['inc'] = 'inc_convert'
+
+    def __init__(self, config, base=None):
+        super(Configurator, self).__init__(config)
+        self.base = base or os.getcwd()
+
+    def configure_custom(self, config):
+
+        def convert(o):
+            if isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
+                result = type(o)([convert(i) for i in o])
+            elif isinstance(o, dict):
+                if '()' in o:
+                    result = self.configure_custom(o)
+                else:
+                    result = {}
+                    for k in o:
+                        result[k] = convert(o[k])
+            else:
+                result = self.convert(o)
+            return result
+
+        c = config.pop('()')
+        if not callable(c):
+            c = self.resolve(c)
+        props = config.pop('.', None)
+        # Check for valid identifiers
+        args = config.pop('[]', ())
+        if args:
+            args = tuple([convert(o) for o in args])
+        items = [(k, convert(config[k])) for k in config if valid_ident(k)]
+        kwargs = dict(items)
+        result = c(*args, **kwargs)
+        if props:
+            for n, v in props.items():
+                setattr(result, n, convert(v))
+        return result
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        result = self.config[key]
+        if isinstance(result, dict) and '()' in result:
+            self.config[key] = result = self.configure_custom(result)
+        return result
+
+    def inc_convert(self, value):
+        """Default converter for the inc:// protocol."""
+        if not os.path.isabs(value):
+            value = os.path.join(self.base, value)
+        with codecs.open(value, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            result = json.load(f)
+        return result
+
+
+class SubprocessMixin(object):
+    """
+    Mixin for running subprocesses and capturing their output
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose=False, progress=None):
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.progress = progress
+
+    def reader(self, stream, context):
+        """
+        Read lines from a subprocess' output stream and either pass to a progress
+        callable (if specified) or write progress information to sys.stderr.
+        """
+        progress = self.progress
+        verbose = self.verbose
+        while True:
+            s = stream.readline()
+            if not s:
+                break
+            if progress is not None:
+                progress(s, context)
+            else:
+                if not verbose:
+                    sys.stderr.write('.')
+                else:
+                    sys.stderr.write(s.decode('utf-8'))
+                sys.stderr.flush()
+        stream.close()
+
+    def run_command(self, cmd, **kwargs):
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             **kwargs)
+        t1 = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stdout, 'stdout'))
+        t1.start()
+        t2 = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stderr, 'stderr'))
+        t2.start()
+        p.wait()
+        t1.join()
+        t2.join()
+        if self.progress is not None:
+            self.progress('done.', 'main')
+        elif self.verbose:
+            sys.stderr.write('done.\n')
+        return p
+
+
+def normalize_name(name):
+    """Normalize a python package name a la PEP 503"""
+    # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0503/#normalized-names
+    return re.sub('[-_.]+', '-', name).lower()
+
+
+# def _get_pypirc_command():
+# """
+# Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
+# :return: the command.
+# """
+# from distutils.core import Distribution
+# from distutils.config import PyPIRCCommand
+# d = Distribution()
+# return PyPIRCCommand(d)
+
+
+class PyPIRCFile(object):
+
+    DEFAULT_REPOSITORY = 'https://upload.pypi.org/legacy/'
+    DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'
+
+    def __init__(self, fn=None, url=None):
+        if fn is None:
+            fn = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.pypirc')
+        self.filename = fn
+        self.url = url
+
+    def read(self):
+        result = {}
+
+        if os.path.exists(self.filename):
+            repository = self.url or self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+
+            config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+            config.read(self.filename)
+            sections = config.sections()
+            if 'distutils' in sections:
+                # let's get the list of servers
+                index_servers = config.get('distutils', 'index-servers')
+                _servers = [
+                    server.strip() for server in index_servers.split('\n')
+                    if server.strip() != ''
+                ]
+                if _servers == []:
+                    # nothing set, let's try to get the default pypi
+                    if 'pypi' in sections:
+                        _servers = ['pypi']
+                else:
+                    for server in _servers:
+                        result = {'server': server}
+                        result['username'] = config.get(server, 'username')
+
+                        # optional params
+                        for key, default in (('repository',
+                                              self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY),
+                                             ('realm', self.DEFAULT_REALM),
+                                             ('password', None)):
+                            if config.has_option(server, key):
+                                result[key] = config.get(server, key)
+                            else:
+                                result[key] = default
+
+                        # work around people having "repository" for the "pypi"
+                        # section of their config set to the HTTP (rather than
+                        # HTTPS) URL
+                        if (server == 'pypi' and repository
+                                in (self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY, 'pypi')):
+                            result['repository'] = self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+                        elif (result['server'] != repository
+                              and result['repository'] != repository):
+                            result = {}
+            elif 'server-login' in sections:
+                # old format
+                server = 'server-login'
+                if config.has_option(server, 'repository'):
+                    repository = config.get(server, 'repository')
+                else:
+                    repository = self.DEFAULT_REPOSITORY
+                result = {
+                    'username': config.get(server, 'username'),
+                    'password': config.get(server, 'password'),
+                    'repository': repository,
+                    'server': server,
+                    'realm': self.DEFAULT_REALM
+                }
+        return result
+
+    def update(self, username, password):
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        fn = self.filename
+        config.read(fn)
+        if not config.has_section('pypi'):
+            config.add_section('pypi')
+        config.set('pypi', 'username', username)
+        config.set('pypi', 'password', password)
+        with open(fn, 'w') as f:
+            config.write(f)
+
+
+def _load_pypirc(index):
+    """
+    Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils.
+    """
+    return PyPIRCFile(url=index.url).read()
+
+
+def _store_pypirc(index):
+    PyPIRCFile().update(index.username, index.password)
+
+
+#
+# get_platform()/get_host_platform() copied from Python 3.10.a0 source, with some minor
+# tweaks
+#
+
+
+def get_host_platform():
+    """Return a string that identifies the current platform.  This is used mainly to
+    distinguish platform-specific build directories and platform-specific built
+    distributions.  Typically includes the OS name and version and the
+    architecture (as supplied by 'os.uname()'), although the exact information
+    included depends on the OS; eg. on Linux, the kernel version isn't
+    particularly important.
+
+    Examples of returned values:
+       linux-i586
+       linux-alpha (?)
+       solaris-2.6-sun4u
+
+    Windows will return one of:
+       win-amd64 (64bit Windows on AMD64 (aka x86_64, Intel64, EM64T, etc)
+       win32 (all others - specifically, sys.platform is returned)
+
+    For other non-POSIX platforms, currently just returns 'sys.platform'.
+
+    """
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        if 'amd64' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-amd64'
+        if '(arm)' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-arm32'
+        if '(arm64)' in sys.version.lower():
+            return 'win-arm64'
+        return sys.platform
+
+    # Set for cross builds explicitly
+    if "_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM" in os.environ:
+        return os.environ["_PYTHON_HOST_PLATFORM"]
+
+    if os.name != 'posix' or not hasattr(os, 'uname'):
+        # XXX what about the architecture? NT is Intel or Alpha,
+        # Mac OS is M68k or PPC, etc.
+        return sys.platform
+
+    # Try to distinguish various flavours of Unix
+
+    (osname, host, release, version, machine) = os.uname()
+
+    # Convert the OS name to lowercase, remove '/' characters, and translate
+    # spaces (for "Power Macintosh")
+    osname = osname.lower().replace('/', '')
+    machine = machine.replace(' ', '_').replace('/', '-')
+
+    if osname[:5] == 'linux':
+        # At least on Linux/Intel, 'machine' is the processor --
+        # i386, etc.
+        # XXX what about Alpha, SPARC, etc?
+        return "%s-%s" % (osname, machine)
+
+    elif osname[:5] == 'sunos':
+        if release[0] >= '5':  # SunOS 5 == Solaris 2
+            osname = 'solaris'
+            release = '%d.%s' % (int(release[0]) - 3, release[2:])
+            # We can't use 'platform.architecture()[0]' because a
+            # bootstrap problem. We use a dict to get an error
+            # if some suspicious happens.
+            bitness = {2147483647: '32bit', 9223372036854775807: '64bit'}
+            machine += '.%s' % bitness[sys.maxsize]
+        # fall through to standard osname-release-machine representation
+    elif osname[:3] == 'aix':
+        from _aix_support import aix_platform
+        return aix_platform()
+    elif osname[:6] == 'cygwin':
+        osname = 'cygwin'
+        rel_re = re.compile(r'[\d.]+', re.ASCII)
+        m = rel_re.match(release)
+        if m:
+            release = m.group()
+    elif osname[:6] == 'darwin':
+        import _osx_support
+        try:
+            from distutils import sysconfig
+        except ImportError:
+            import sysconfig
+        osname, release, machine = _osx_support.get_platform_osx(
+            sysconfig.get_config_vars(), osname, release, machine)
+
+    return '%s-%s-%s' % (osname, release, machine)
+
+
+_TARGET_TO_PLAT = {
+    'x86': 'win32',
+    'x64': 'win-amd64',
+    'arm': 'win-arm32',
+}
+
+
+def get_platform():
+    if os.name != 'nt':
+        return get_host_platform()
+    cross_compilation_target = os.environ.get('VSCMD_ARG_TGT_ARCH')
+    if cross_compilation_target not in _TARGET_TO_PLAT:
+        return get_host_platform()
+    return _TARGET_TO_PLAT[cross_compilation_target]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14171ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 The Python Software Foundation.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+"""
+Implementation of a flexible versioning scheme providing support for PEP-440,
+setuptools-compatible and semantic versioning.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import re
+
+from .compat import string_types
+from .util import parse_requirement
+
+__all__ = ['NormalizedVersion', 'NormalizedMatcher',
+           'LegacyVersion', 'LegacyMatcher',
+           'SemanticVersion', 'SemanticMatcher',
+           'UnsupportedVersionError', 'get_scheme']
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UnsupportedVersionError(ValueError):
+    """This is an unsupported version."""
+    pass
+
+
+class Version(object):
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        self._string = s = s.strip()
+        self._parts = parts = self.parse(s)
+        assert isinstance(parts, tuple)
+        assert len(parts) > 0
+
+    def parse(self, s):
+        raise NotImplementedError('please implement in a subclass')
+
+    def _check_compatible(self, other):
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            raise TypeError('cannot compare %r and %r' % (self, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self._parts == other._parts
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self._parts < other._parts
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return not (self.__lt__(other) or self.__eq__(other))
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self.__lt__(other) or self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self.__gt__(other) or self.__eq__(other)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s('%s')" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._string)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._string
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('Please implement in subclasses.')
+
+
+class Matcher(object):
+    version_class = None
+
+    # value is either a callable or the name of a method
+    _operators = {
+        '<': lambda v, c, p: v < c,
+        '>': lambda v, c, p: v > c,
+        '<=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v < c,
+        '>=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v > c,
+        '==': lambda v, c, p: v == c,
+        '===': lambda v, c, p: v == c,
+        # by default, compatible => >=.
+        '~=': lambda v, c, p: v == c or v > c,
+        '!=': lambda v, c, p: v != c,
+    }
+
+    # this is a method only to support alternative implementations
+    # via overriding
+    def parse_requirement(self, s):
+        return parse_requirement(s)
+
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        if self.version_class is None:
+            raise ValueError('Please specify a version class')
+        self._string = s = s.strip()
+        r = self.parse_requirement(s)
+        if not r:
+            raise ValueError('Not valid: %r' % s)
+        self.name = r.name
+        self.key = self.name.lower()    # for case-insensitive comparisons
+        clist = []
+        if r.constraints:
+            # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+            for op, s in r.constraints:
+                if s.endswith('.*'):
+                    if op not in ('==', '!='):
+                        raise ValueError('\'.*\' not allowed for '
+                                         '%r constraints' % op)
+                    # Could be a partial version (e.g. for '2.*') which
+                    # won't parse as a version, so keep it as a string
+                    vn, prefix = s[:-2], True
+                    # Just to check that vn is a valid version
+                    self.version_class(vn)
+                else:
+                    # Should parse as a version, so we can create an
+                    # instance for the comparison
+                    vn, prefix = self.version_class(s), False
+                clist.append((op, vn, prefix))
+        self._parts = tuple(clist)
+
+    def match(self, version):
+        """
+        Check if the provided version matches the constraints.
+
+        :param version: The version to match against this instance.
+        :type version: String or :class:`Version` instance.
+        """
+        if isinstance(version, string_types):
+            version = self.version_class(version)
+        for operator, constraint, prefix in self._parts:
+            f = self._operators.get(operator)
+            if isinstance(f, string_types):
+                f = getattr(self, f)
+            if not f:
+                msg = ('%r not implemented '
+                       'for %s' % (operator, self.__class__.__name__))
+                raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+            if not f(version, constraint, prefix):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def exact_version(self):
+        result = None
+        if len(self._parts) == 1 and self._parts[0][0] in ('==', '==='):
+            result = self._parts[0][1]
+        return result
+
+    def _check_compatible(self, other):
+        if type(self) != type(other) or self.name != other.name:
+            raise TypeError('cannot compare %s and %s' % (self, other))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._check_compatible(other)
+        return self.key == other.key and self._parts == other._parts
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    # See http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel#object.__hash__
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.key) + hash(self._parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._string)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._string
+
+
+PEP440_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'^v?(\d+!)?(\d+(\.\d+)*)((a|alpha|b|beta|c|rc|pre|preview)(\d+)?)?'
+                               r'(\.(post|r|rev)(\d+)?)?([._-]?(dev)(\d+)?)?'
+                               r'(\+([a-zA-Z\d]+(\.[a-zA-Z\d]+)?))?$', re.I)
+
+
+def _pep_440_key(s):
+    s = s.strip()
+    m = PEP440_VERSION_RE.match(s)
+    if not m:
+        raise UnsupportedVersionError('Not a valid version: %s' % s)
+    groups = m.groups()
+    nums = tuple(int(v) for v in groups[1].split('.'))
+    while len(nums) > 1 and nums[-1] == 0:
+        nums = nums[:-1]
+
+    if not groups[0]:
+        epoch = 0
+    else:
+        epoch = int(groups[0][:-1])
+    pre = groups[4:6]
+    post = groups[7:9]
+    dev = groups[10:12]
+    local = groups[13]
+    if pre == (None, None):
+        pre = ()
+    else:
+        if pre[1] is None:
+            pre = pre[0], 0
+        else:
+            pre = pre[0], int(pre[1])
+    if post == (None, None):
+        post = ()
+    else:
+        if post[1] is None:
+            post = post[0], 0
+        else:
+            post = post[0], int(post[1])
+    if dev == (None, None):
+        dev = ()
+    else:
+        if dev[1] is None:
+            dev = dev[0], 0
+        else:
+            dev = dev[0], int(dev[1])
+    if local is None:
+        local = ()
+    else:
+        parts = []
+        for part in local.split('.'):
+            # to ensure that numeric compares as > lexicographic, avoid
+            # comparing them directly, but encode a tuple which ensures
+            # correct sorting
+            if part.isdigit():
+                part = (1, int(part))
+            else:
+                part = (0, part)
+            parts.append(part)
+        local = tuple(parts)
+    if not pre:
+        # either before pre-release, or final release and after
+        if not post and dev:
+            # before pre-release
+            pre = ('a', -1)     # to sort before a0
+        else:
+            pre = ('z',)        # to sort after all pre-releases
+    # now look at the state of post and dev.
+    if not post:
+        post = ('_',)   # sort before 'a'
+    if not dev:
+        dev = ('final',)
+
+    return epoch, nums, pre, post, dev, local
+
+
+_normalized_key = _pep_440_key
+
+
+class NormalizedVersion(Version):
+    """A rational version.
+
+    Good:
+        1.2         # equivalent to "1.2.0"
+        1.2.0
+        1.2a1
+        1.2.3a2
+        1.2.3b1
+        1.2.3c1
+        1.2.3.4
+        TODO: fill this out
+
+    Bad:
+        1           # minimum two numbers
+        1.2a        # release level must have a release serial
+        1.2.3b
+    """
+    def parse(self, s):
+        result = _normalized_key(s)
+        # _normalized_key loses trailing zeroes in the release
+        # clause, since that's needed to ensure that X.Y == X.Y.0 == X.Y.0.0
+        # However, PEP 440 prefix matching needs it: for example,
+        # (~= 1.4.5.0) matches differently to (~= 1.4.5.0.0).
+        m = PEP440_VERSION_RE.match(s)      # must succeed
+        groups = m.groups()
+        self._release_clause = tuple(int(v) for v in groups[1].split('.'))
+        return result
+
+    PREREL_TAGS = set(['a', 'b', 'c', 'rc', 'dev'])
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return any(t[0] in self.PREREL_TAGS for t in self._parts if t)
+
+
+def _match_prefix(x, y):
+    x = str(x)
+    y = str(y)
+    if x == y:
+        return True
+    if not x.startswith(y):
+        return False
+    n = len(y)
+    return x[n] == '.'
+
+
+class NormalizedMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = NormalizedVersion
+
+    # value is either a callable or the name of a method
+    _operators = {
+        '~=': '_match_compatible',
+        '<': '_match_lt',
+        '>': '_match_gt',
+        '<=': '_match_le',
+        '>=': '_match_ge',
+        '==': '_match_eq',
+        '===': '_match_arbitrary',
+        '!=': '_match_ne',
+    }
+
+    def _adjust_local(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        if prefix:
+            strip_local = '+' not in constraint and version._parts[-1]
+        else:
+            # both constraint and version are
+            # NormalizedVersion instances.
+            # If constraint does not have a local component,
+            # ensure the version doesn't, either.
+            strip_local = not constraint._parts[-1] and version._parts[-1]
+        if strip_local:
+            s = version._string.split('+', 1)[0]
+            version = self.version_class(s)
+        return version, constraint
+
+    def _match_lt(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version >= constraint:
+            return False
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return not _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+    def _match_gt(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version <= constraint:
+            return False
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return not _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+    def _match_le(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        return version <= constraint
+
+    def _match_ge(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        return version >= constraint
+
+    def _match_eq(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if not prefix:
+            result = (version == constraint)
+        else:
+            result = _match_prefix(version, constraint)
+        return result
+
+    def _match_arbitrary(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        return str(version) == str(constraint)
+
+    def _match_ne(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if not prefix:
+            result = (version != constraint)
+        else:
+            result = not _match_prefix(version, constraint)
+        return result
+
+    def _match_compatible(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        version, constraint = self._adjust_local(version, constraint, prefix)
+        if version == constraint:
+            return True
+        if version < constraint:
+            return False
+#        if not prefix:
+#            return True
+        release_clause = constraint._release_clause
+        if len(release_clause) > 1:
+            release_clause = release_clause[:-1]
+        pfx = '.'.join([str(i) for i in release_clause])
+        return _match_prefix(version, pfx)
+
+
+_REPLACEMENTS = (
+    (re.compile('[.+-]$'), ''),                     # remove trailing puncts
+    (re.compile(r'^[.](\d)'), r'0.\1'),             # .N -> 0.N at start
+    (re.compile('^[.-]'), ''),                      # remove leading puncts
+    (re.compile(r'^\((.*)\)$'), r'\1'),             # remove parentheses
+    (re.compile(r'^v(ersion)?\s*(\d+)'), r'\2'),    # remove leading v(ersion)
+    (re.compile(r'^r(ev)?\s*(\d+)'), r'\2'),        # remove leading v(ersion)
+    (re.compile('[.]{2,}'), '.'),                   # multiple runs of '.'
+    (re.compile(r'\b(alfa|apha)\b'), 'alpha'),      # misspelt alpha
+    (re.compile(r'\b(pre-alpha|prealpha)\b'),
+        'pre.alpha'),                               # standardise
+    (re.compile(r'\(beta\)$'), 'beta'),             # remove parentheses
+)
+
+_SUFFIX_REPLACEMENTS = (
+    (re.compile('^[:~._+-]+'), ''),                   # remove leading puncts
+    (re.compile('[,*")([\\]]'), ''),                  # remove unwanted chars
+    (re.compile('[~:+_ -]'), '.'),                    # replace illegal chars
+    (re.compile('[.]{2,}'), '.'),                   # multiple runs of '.'
+    (re.compile(r'\.$'), ''),                       # trailing '.'
+)
+
+_NUMERIC_PREFIX = re.compile(r'(\d+(\.\d+)*)')
+
+
+def _suggest_semantic_version(s):
+    """
+    Try to suggest a semantic form for a version for which
+    _suggest_normalized_version couldn't come up with anything.
+    """
+    result = s.strip().lower()
+    for pat, repl in _REPLACEMENTS:
+        result = pat.sub(repl, result)
+    if not result:
+        result = '0.0.0'
+
+    # Now look for numeric prefix, and separate it out from
+    # the rest.
+    # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+    m = _NUMERIC_PREFIX.match(result)
+    if not m:
+        prefix = '0.0.0'
+        suffix = result
+    else:
+        prefix = m.groups()[0].split('.')
+        prefix = [int(i) for i in prefix]
+        while len(prefix) < 3:
+            prefix.append(0)
+        if len(prefix) == 3:
+            suffix = result[m.end():]
+        else:
+            suffix = '.'.join([str(i) for i in prefix[3:]]) + result[m.end():]
+            prefix = prefix[:3]
+        prefix = '.'.join([str(i) for i in prefix])
+        suffix = suffix.strip()
+    if suffix:
+        # import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
+        # massage the suffix.
+        for pat, repl in _SUFFIX_REPLACEMENTS:
+            suffix = pat.sub(repl, suffix)
+
+    if not suffix:
+        result = prefix
+    else:
+        sep = '-' if 'dev' in suffix else '+'
+        result = prefix + sep + suffix
+    if not is_semver(result):
+        result = None
+    return result
+
+
+def _suggest_normalized_version(s):
+    """Suggest a normalized version close to the given version string.
+
+    If you have a version string that isn't rational (i.e. NormalizedVersion
+    doesn't like it) then you might be able to get an equivalent (or close)
+    rational version from this function.
+
+    This does a number of simple normalizations to the given string, based
+    on observation of versions currently in use on PyPI. Given a dump of
+    those version during PyCon 2009, 4287 of them:
+    - 2312 (53.93%) match NormalizedVersion without change
+      with the automatic suggestion
+    - 3474 (81.04%) match when using this suggestion method
+
+    @param s {str} An irrational version string.
+    @returns A rational version string, or None, if couldn't determine one.
+    """
+    try:
+        _normalized_key(s)
+        return s   # already rational
+    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+        pass
+
+    rs = s.lower()
+
+    # part of this could use maketrans
+    for orig, repl in (('-alpha', 'a'), ('-beta', 'b'), ('alpha', 'a'),
+                       ('beta', 'b'), ('rc', 'c'), ('-final', ''),
+                       ('-pre', 'c'),
+                       ('-release', ''), ('.release', ''), ('-stable', ''),
+                       ('+', '.'), ('_', '.'), (' ', ''), ('.final', ''),
+                       ('final', '')):
+        rs = rs.replace(orig, repl)
+
+    # if something ends with dev or pre, we add a 0
+    rs = re.sub(r"pre$", r"pre0", rs)
+    rs = re.sub(r"dev$", r"dev0", rs)
+
+    # if we have something like "b-2" or "a.2" at the end of the
+    # version, that is probably beta, alpha, etc
+    # let's remove the dash or dot
+    rs = re.sub(r"([abc]|rc)[\-\.](\d+)$", r"\1\2", rs)
+
+    # 1.0-dev-r371 -> 1.0.dev371
+    # 0.1-dev-r79 -> 0.1.dev79
+    rs = re.sub(r"[\-\.](dev)[\-\.]?r?(\d+)$", r".\1\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean: 2.0.a.3, 2.0.b1, 0.9.0~c1
+    rs = re.sub(r"[.~]?([abc])\.?", r"\1", rs)
+
+    # Clean: v0.3, v1.0
+    if rs.startswith('v'):
+        rs = rs[1:]
+
+    # Clean leading '0's on numbers.
+    # TODO: unintended side-effect on, e.g., "2003.05.09"
+    # PyPI stats: 77 (~2%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\b0+(\d+)(?!\d)", r"\1", rs)
+
+    # Clean a/b/c with no version. E.g. "1.0a" -> "1.0a0". Setuptools infers
+    # zero.
+    # PyPI stats: 245 (7.56%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"(\d+[abc])$", r"\g<1>0", rs)
+
+    # the 'dev-rNNN' tag is a dev tag
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(dev-r|dev\.r)\.?(\d+)$", r".dev\2", rs)
+
+    # clean the - when used as a pre delimiter
+    rs = re.sub(r"-(a|b|c)(\d+)$", r"\1\2", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "dev" or "devel" can be changed into ".dev0"
+    rs = re.sub(r"[\.\-](dev|devel)$", r".dev0", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "dev" can be changed into ".dev0"
+    rs = re.sub(r"(?![\.\-])dev$", r".dev0", rs)
+
+    # a terminal "final" or "stable" can be removed
+    rs = re.sub(r"(final|stable)$", "", rs)
+
+    # The 'r' and the '-' tags are post release tags
+    #   0.4a1.r10       ->  0.4a1.post10
+    #   0.9.33-17222    ->  0.9.33.post17222
+    #   0.9.33-r17222   ->  0.9.33.post17222
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(r|-|-r)\.?(\d+)$", r".post\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean 'r' instead of 'dev' usage:
+    #   0.9.33+r17222   ->  0.9.33.dev17222
+    #   1.0dev123       ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   1.0.git123      ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   1.0.bzr123      ->  1.0.dev123
+    #   0.1a0dev.123    ->  0.1a0.dev123
+    # PyPI stats:  ~150 (~4%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(dev|git|bzr)\.?(\d+)$", r".dev\2", rs)
+
+    # Clean '.pre' (normalized from '-pre' above) instead of 'c' usage:
+    #   0.2.pre1        ->  0.2c1
+    #   0.2-c1         ->  0.2c1
+    #   1.0preview123   ->  1.0c123
+    # PyPI stats: ~21 (0.62%) better
+    rs = re.sub(r"\.?(pre|preview|-c)(\d+)$", r"c\g<2>", rs)
+
+    # Tcl/Tk uses "px" for their post release markers
+    rs = re.sub(r"p(\d+)$", r".post\1", rs)
+
+    try:
+        _normalized_key(rs)
+    except UnsupportedVersionError:
+        rs = None
+    return rs
+
+#
+#   Legacy version processing (distribute-compatible)
+#
+
+
+_VERSION_PART = re.compile(r'([a-z]+|\d+|[\.-])', re.I)
+_VERSION_REPLACE = {
+    'pre': 'c',
+    'preview': 'c',
+    '-': 'final-',
+    'rc': 'c',
+    'dev': '@',
+    '': None,
+    '.': None,
+}
+
+
+def _legacy_key(s):
+    def get_parts(s):
+        result = []
+        for p in _VERSION_PART.split(s.lower()):
+            p = _VERSION_REPLACE.get(p, p)
+            if p:
+                if '0' <= p[:1] <= '9':
+                    p = p.zfill(8)
+                else:
+                    p = '*' + p
+                result.append(p)
+        result.append('*final')
+        return result
+
+    result = []
+    for p in get_parts(s):
+        if p.startswith('*'):
+            if p < '*final':
+                while result and result[-1] == '*final-':
+                    result.pop()
+            while result and result[-1] == '00000000':
+                result.pop()
+        result.append(p)
+    return tuple(result)
+
+
+class LegacyVersion(Version):
+    def parse(self, s):
+        return _legacy_key(s)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        result = False
+        for x in self._parts:
+            if (isinstance(x, string_types) and x.startswith('*') and
+                    x < '*final'):
+                result = True
+                break
+        return result
+
+
+class LegacyMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = LegacyVersion
+
+    _operators = dict(Matcher._operators)
+    _operators['~='] = '_match_compatible'
+
+    numeric_re = re.compile(r'^(\d+(\.\d+)*)')
+
+    def _match_compatible(self, version, constraint, prefix):
+        if version < constraint:
+            return False
+        m = self.numeric_re.match(str(constraint))
+        if not m:
+            logger.warning('Cannot compute compatible match for version %s '
+                           ' and constraint %s', version, constraint)
+            return True
+        s = m.groups()[0]
+        if '.' in s:
+            s = s.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+        return _match_prefix(version, s)
+
+#
+#   Semantic versioning
+#
+
+
+_SEMVER_RE = re.compile(r'^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)'
+                        r'(-[a-z0-9]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*)?'
+                        r'(\+[a-z0-9]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*)?$', re.I)
+
+
+def is_semver(s):
+    return _SEMVER_RE.match(s)
+
+
+def _semantic_key(s):
+    def make_tuple(s, absent):
+        if s is None:
+            result = (absent,)
+        else:
+            parts = s[1:].split('.')
+            # We can't compare ints and strings on Python 3, so fudge it
+            # by zero-filling numeric values so simulate a numeric comparison
+            result = tuple([p.zfill(8) if p.isdigit() else p for p in parts])
+        return result
+
+    m = is_semver(s)
+    if not m:
+        raise UnsupportedVersionError(s)
+    groups = m.groups()
+    major, minor, patch = [int(i) for i in groups[:3]]
+    # choose the '|' and '*' so that versions sort correctly
+    pre, build = make_tuple(groups[3], '|'), make_tuple(groups[5], '*')
+    return (major, minor, patch), pre, build
+
+
+class SemanticVersion(Version):
+    def parse(self, s):
+        return _semantic_key(s)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self):
+        return self._parts[1][0] != '|'
+
+
+class SemanticMatcher(Matcher):
+    version_class = SemanticVersion
+
+
+class VersionScheme(object):
+    def __init__(self, key, matcher, suggester=None):
+        self.key = key
+        self.matcher = matcher
+        self.suggester = suggester
+
+    def is_valid_version(self, s):
+        try:
+            self.matcher.version_class(s)
+            result = True
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+    def is_valid_matcher(self, s):
+        try:
+            self.matcher(s)
+            result = True
+        except UnsupportedVersionError:
+            result = False
+        return result
+
+    def is_valid_constraint_list(self, s):
+        """
+        Used for processing some metadata fields
+        """
+        # See issue #140. Be tolerant of a single trailing comma.
+        if s.endswith(','):
+            s = s[:-1]
+        return self.is_valid_matcher('dummy_name (%s)' % s)
+
+    def suggest(self, s):
+        if self.suggester is None:
+            result = None
+        else:
+            result = self.suggester(s)
+        return result
+
+
+_SCHEMES = {
+    'normalized': VersionScheme(_normalized_key, NormalizedMatcher,
+                                _suggest_normalized_version),
+    'legacy': VersionScheme(_legacy_key, LegacyMatcher, lambda self, s: s),
+    'semantic': VersionScheme(_semantic_key, SemanticMatcher,
+                              _suggest_semantic_version),
+}
+
+_SCHEMES['default'] = _SCHEMES['normalized']
+
+
+def get_scheme(name):
+    if name not in _SCHEMES:
+        raise ValueError('unknown scheme name: %r' % name)
+    return _SCHEMES[name]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a5a30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/wheel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
+# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
+# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
+#
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import base64
+import codecs
+import datetime
+from email import message_from_file
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import zipfile
+
+from . import __version__, DistlibException
+from .compat import sysconfig, ZipFile, fsdecode, text_type, filter
+from .database import InstalledDistribution
+from .metadata import Metadata, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
+from .util import (FileOperator, convert_path, CSVReader, CSVWriter, Cache,
+                   cached_property, get_cache_base, read_exports, tempdir,
+                   get_platform)
+from .version import NormalizedVersion, UnsupportedVersionError
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+cache = None  # created when needed
+
+if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'pp'
+elif sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'jy'
+elif sys.platform == 'cli':  # pragma: no cover
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'ip'
+else:
+    IMP_PREFIX = 'cp'
+
+VER_SUFFIX = sysconfig.get_config_var('py_version_nodot')
+if not VER_SUFFIX:  # pragma: no cover
+    VER_SUFFIX = '%s%s' % sys.version_info[:2]
+PYVER = 'py' + VER_SUFFIX
+IMPVER = IMP_PREFIX + VER_SUFFIX
+
+ARCH = get_platform().replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_')
+
+ABI = sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI')
+if ABI and ABI.startswith('cpython-'):
+    ABI = ABI.replace('cpython-', 'cp').split('-')[0]
+else:
+
+    def _derive_abi():
+        parts = ['cp', VER_SUFFIX]
+        if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_DEBUG'):
+            parts.append('d')
+        if IMP_PREFIX == 'cp':
+            vi = sys.version_info[:2]
+            if vi < (3, 8):
+                wpm = sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_PYMALLOC')
+                if wpm is None:
+                    wpm = True
+                if wpm:
+                    parts.append('m')
+                if vi < (3, 3):
+                    us = sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_UNICODE_SIZE')
+                    if us == 4 or (us is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF):
+                        parts.append('u')
+        return ''.join(parts)
+
+    ABI = _derive_abi()
+    del _derive_abi
+
+FILENAME_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''
+(?P<nm>[^-]+)
+-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
+(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?
+-(?P<py>\w+\d+(\.\w+\d+)*)
+-(?P<bi>\w+)
+-(?P<ar>\w+(\.\w+)*)
+\.whl$
+''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(
+    r'''
+(?P<nm>[^-]+)
+-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
+(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?$
+''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+
+SHEBANG_RE = re.compile(br'\s*#![^\r\n]*')
+SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE = re.compile(br'^(\s*#!("[^"]+"|\S+))\s+(.*)$')
+SHEBANG_PYTHON = b'#!python'
+SHEBANG_PYTHONW = b'#!pythonw'
+
+if os.sep == '/':
+    to_posix = lambda o: o
+else:
+    to_posix = lambda o: o.replace(os.sep, '/')
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    import imp
+else:
+    imp = None
+    import importlib.machinery
+    import importlib.util
+
+
+def _get_suffixes():
+    if imp:
+        return [s[0] for s in imp.get_suffixes()]
+    else:
+        return importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+
+
+def _load_dynamic(name, path):
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importing-a-source-file-directly
+    if imp:
+        return imp.load_dynamic(name, path)
+    else:
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        sys.modules[name] = module
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        return module
+
+
+class Mounter(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.impure_wheels = {}
+        self.libs = {}
+
+    def add(self, pathname, extensions):
+        self.impure_wheels[pathname] = extensions
+        self.libs.update(extensions)
+
+    def remove(self, pathname):
+        extensions = self.impure_wheels.pop(pathname)
+        for k, v in extensions:
+            if k in self.libs:
+                del self.libs[k]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.libs:
+            result = self
+        else:
+            result = None
+        return result
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        if fullname in sys.modules:
+            result = sys.modules[fullname]
+        else:
+            if fullname not in self.libs:
+                raise ImportError('unable to find extension for %s' % fullname)
+            result = _load_dynamic(fullname, self.libs[fullname])
+            result.__loader__ = self
+            parts = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)
+            if len(parts) > 1:
+                result.__package__ = parts[0]
+        return result
+
+
+_hook = Mounter()
+
+
+class Wheel(object):
+    """
+    Class to build and install from Wheel files (PEP 427).
+    """
+
+    wheel_version = (1, 1)
+    hash_kind = 'sha256'
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None, sign=False, verify=False):
+        """
+        Initialise an instance using a (valid) filename.
+        """
+        self.sign = sign
+        self.should_verify = verify
+        self.buildver = ''
+        self.pyver = [PYVER]
+        self.abi = ['none']
+        self.arch = ['any']
+        self.dirname = os.getcwd()
+        if filename is None:
+            self.name = 'dummy'
+            self.version = '0.1'
+            self._filename = self.filename
+        else:
+            m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(filename)
+            if m:
+                info = m.groupdict('')
+                self.name = info['nm']
+                # Reinstate the local version separator
+                self.version = info['vn'].replace('_', '-')
+                self.buildver = info['bn']
+                self._filename = self.filename
+            else:
+                dirname, filename = os.path.split(filename)
+                m = FILENAME_RE.match(filename)
+                if not m:
+                    raise DistlibException('Invalid name or '
+                                           'filename: %r' % filename)
+                if dirname:
+                    self.dirname = os.path.abspath(dirname)
+                self._filename = filename
+                info = m.groupdict('')
+                self.name = info['nm']
+                self.version = info['vn']
+                self.buildver = info['bn']
+                self.pyver = info['py'].split('.')
+                self.abi = info['bi'].split('.')
+                self.arch = info['ar'].split('.')
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self):
+        """
+        Build and return a filename from the various components.
+        """
+        if self.buildver:
+            buildver = '-' + self.buildver
+        else:
+            buildver = ''
+        pyver = '.'.join(self.pyver)
+        abi = '.'.join(self.abi)
+        arch = '.'.join(self.arch)
+        # replace - with _ as a local version separator
+        version = self.version.replace('-', '_')
+        return '%s-%s%s-%s-%s-%s.whl' % (self.name, version, buildver, pyver,
+                                         abi, arch)
+
+    @property
+    def exists(self):
+        path = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        return os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    @property
+    def tags(self):
+        for pyver in self.pyver:
+            for abi in self.abi:
+                for arch in self.arch:
+                    yield pyver, abi, arch
+
+    @cached_property
+    def metadata(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
+            # wv = wheel_metadata['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            # if file_version < (1, 1):
+            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME,
+            # LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
+            # else:
+            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME]
+            fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
+            result = None
+            for fn in fns:
+                try:
+                    metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, fn)
+                    with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
+                        wf = wrapper(bf)
+                        result = Metadata(fileobj=wf)
+                        if result:
+                            break
+                except KeyError:
+                    pass
+            if not result:
+                raise ValueError('Invalid wheel, because metadata is '
+                                 'missing: looked in %s' % ', '.join(fns))
+        return result
+
+    def get_wheel_metadata(self, zf):
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
+            wf = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(bf)
+            message = message_from_file(wf)
+        return dict(message)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def info(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            result = self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
+        return result
+
+    def process_shebang(self, data):
+        m = SHEBANG_RE.match(data)
+        if m:
+            end = m.end()
+            shebang, data_after_shebang = data[:end], data[end:]
+            # Preserve any arguments after the interpreter
+            if b'pythonw' in shebang.lower():
+                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHONW
+            else:
+                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHON
+            m = SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE.match(shebang)
+            if m:
+                args = b' ' + m.groups()[-1]
+            else:
+                args = b''
+            shebang = shebang_python + args
+            data = shebang + data_after_shebang
+        else:
+            cr = data.find(b'\r')
+            lf = data.find(b'\n')
+            if cr < 0 or cr > lf:
+                term = b'\n'
+            else:
+                if data[cr:cr + 2] == b'\r\n':
+                    term = b'\r\n'
+                else:
+                    term = b'\r'
+            data = SHEBANG_PYTHON + term + data
+        return data
+
+    def get_hash(self, data, hash_kind=None):
+        if hash_kind is None:
+            hash_kind = self.hash_kind
+        try:
+            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hash_kind)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise DistlibException('Unsupported hash algorithm: %r' %
+                                   hash_kind)
+        result = hasher(data).digest()
+        result = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(result).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
+        return hash_kind, result
+
+    def write_record(self, records, record_path, archive_record_path):
+        records = list(records)  # make a copy, as mutated
+        records.append((archive_record_path, '', ''))
+        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
+            for row in records:
+                writer.writerow(row)
+
+    def write_records(self, info, libdir, archive_paths):
+        records = []
+        distinfo, info_dir = info
+        # hasher = getattr(hashlib, self.hash_kind)
+        for ap, p in archive_paths:
+            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                data = f.read()
+            digest = '%s=%s' % self.get_hash(data)
+            size = os.path.getsize(p)
+            records.append((ap, digest, size))
+
+        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'RECORD')
+        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'RECORD'))
+        self.write_record(records, p, ap)
+        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+    def build_zip(self, pathname, archive_paths):
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
+            for ap, p in archive_paths:
+                logger.debug('Wrote %s to %s in wheel', p, ap)
+                zf.write(p, ap)
+
+    def build(self, paths, tags=None, wheel_version=None):
+        """
+        Build a wheel from files in specified paths, and use any specified tags
+        when determining the name of the wheel.
+        """
+        if tags is None:
+            tags = {}
+
+        libkey = list(filter(lambda o: o in paths, ('purelib', 'platlib')))[0]
+        if libkey == 'platlib':
+            is_pure = 'false'
+            default_pyver = [IMPVER]
+            default_abi = [ABI]
+            default_arch = [ARCH]
+        else:
+            is_pure = 'true'
+            default_pyver = [PYVER]
+            default_abi = ['none']
+            default_arch = ['any']
+
+        self.pyver = tags.get('pyver', default_pyver)
+        self.abi = tags.get('abi', default_abi)
+        self.arch = tags.get('arch', default_arch)
+
+        libdir = paths[libkey]
+
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        archive_paths = []
+
+        # First, stuff which is not in site-packages
+        for key in ('data', 'headers', 'scripts'):
+            if key not in paths:
+                continue
+            path = paths[key]
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+                    for fn in files:
+                        p = fsdecode(os.path.join(root, fn))
+                        rp = os.path.relpath(p, path)
+                        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(data_dir, key, rp))
+                        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+                        if key == 'scripts' and not p.endswith('.exe'):
+                            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
+                                data = f.read()
+                            data = self.process_shebang(data)
+                            with open(p, 'wb') as f:
+                                f.write(data)
+
+        # Now, stuff which is in site-packages, other than the
+        # distinfo stuff.
+        path = libdir
+        distinfo = None
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
+            if root == path:
+                # At the top level only, save distinfo for later
+                # and skip it for now
+                for i, dn in enumerate(dirs):
+                    dn = fsdecode(dn)
+                    if dn.endswith('.dist-info'):
+                        distinfo = os.path.join(root, dn)
+                        del dirs[i]
+                        break
+                assert distinfo, '.dist-info directory expected, not found'
+
+            for fn in files:
+                # comment out next suite to leave .pyc files in
+                if fsdecode(fn).endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
+                    continue
+                p = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                rp = to_posix(os.path.relpath(p, path))
+                archive_paths.append((rp, p))
+
+        # Now distinfo. Assumed to be flat, i.e. os.listdir is enough.
+        files = os.listdir(distinfo)
+        for fn in files:
+            if fn not in ('RECORD', 'INSTALLER', 'SHARED', 'WHEEL'):
+                p = fsdecode(os.path.join(distinfo, fn))
+                ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, fn))
+                archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+        wheel_metadata = [
+            'Wheel-Version: %d.%d' % (wheel_version or self.wheel_version),
+            'Generator: distlib %s' % __version__,
+            'Root-Is-Purelib: %s' % is_pure,
+        ]
+        for pyver, abi, arch in self.tags:
+            wheel_metadata.append('Tag: %s-%s-%s' % (pyver, abi, arch))
+        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'WHEEL')
+        with open(p, 'w') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(wheel_metadata))
+        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL'))
+        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
+
+        # sort the entries by archive path. Not needed by any spec, but it
+        # keeps the archive listing and RECORD tidier than they would otherwise
+        # be. Use the number of path segments to keep directory entries together,
+        # and keep the dist-info stuff at the end.
+        def sorter(t):
+            ap = t[0]
+            n = ap.count('/')
+            if '.dist-info' in ap:
+                n += 10000
+            return (n, ap)
+
+        archive_paths = sorted(archive_paths, key=sorter)
+
+        # Now, at last, RECORD.
+        # Paths in here are archive paths - nothing else makes sense.
+        self.write_records((distinfo, info_dir), libdir, archive_paths)
+        # Now, ready to build the zip file
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        self.build_zip(pathname, archive_paths)
+        return pathname
+
+    def skip_entry(self, arcname):
+        """
+        Determine whether an archive entry should be skipped when verifying
+        or installing.
+        """
+        # The signature file won't be in RECORD,
+        # and we  don't currently don't do anything with it
+        # We also skip directories, as they won't be in RECORD
+        # either. See:
+        #
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/294
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/287
+        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/pull/289
+        #
+        return arcname.endswith(('/', '/RECORD.jws'))
+
+    def install(self, paths, maker, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Install a wheel to the specified paths. If kwarg ``warner`` is
+        specified, it should be a callable, which will be called with two
+        tuples indicating the wheel version of this software and the wheel
+        version in the file, if there is a discrepancy in the versions.
+        This can be used to issue any warnings to raise any exceptions.
+        If kwarg ``lib_only`` is True, only the purelib/platlib files are
+        installed, and the headers, scripts, data and dist-info metadata are
+        not written. If kwarg ``bytecode_hashed_invalidation`` is True, written
+        bytecode will try to use file-hash based invalidation (PEP-552) on
+        supported interpreter versions (CPython 2.7+).
+
+        The return value is a :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance unless
+        ``options.lib_only`` is True, in which case the return value is ``None``.
+        """
+
+        dry_run = maker.dry_run
+        warner = kwargs.get('warner')
+        lib_only = kwargs.get('lib_only', False)
+        bc_hashed_invalidation = kwargs.get('bytecode_hashed_invalidation',
+                                            False)
+
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
+                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                message = message_from_file(wf)
+            wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            if (file_version != self.wheel_version) and warner:
+                warner(self.wheel_version, file_version)
+
+            if message['Root-Is-Purelib'] == 'true':
+                libdir = paths['purelib']
+            else:
+                libdir = paths['platlib']
+
+            records = {}
+            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
+                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
+                    for row in reader:
+                        p = row[0]
+                        records[p] = row
+
+            data_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, '')
+            info_pfx = posixpath.join(info_dir, '')
+            script_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, 'scripts', '')
+
+            # make a new instance rather than a copy of maker's,
+            # as we mutate it
+            fileop = FileOperator(dry_run=dry_run)
+            fileop.record = True  # so we can rollback if needed
+
+            bc = not sys.dont_write_bytecode  # Double negatives. Lovely!
+
+            outfiles = []  # for RECORD writing
+
+            # for script copying/shebang processing
+            workdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            # set target dir later
+            # we default add_launchers to False, as the
+            # Python Launcher should be used instead
+            maker.source_dir = workdir
+            maker.target_dir = None
+            try:
+                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                    arcname = zinfo.filename
+                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                        u_arcname = arcname
+                    else:
+                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                    if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
+                        continue
+                    row = records[u_arcname]
+                    if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
+                        raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
+                                               '%s' % u_arcname)
+                    if row[1]:
+                        kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            data = bf.read()
+                        _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                        if digest != value:
+                            raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
+                                                   '%s' % arcname)
+
+                    if lib_only and u_arcname.startswith((info_pfx, data_pfx)):
+                        logger.debug('lib_only: skipping %s', u_arcname)
+                        continue
+                    is_script = (u_arcname.startswith(script_pfx)
+                                 and not u_arcname.endswith('.exe'))
+
+                    if u_arcname.startswith(data_pfx):
+                        _, where, rp = u_arcname.split('/', 2)
+                        outfile = os.path.join(paths[where], convert_path(rp))
+                    else:
+                        # meant for site-packages.
+                        if u_arcname in (wheel_metadata_name, record_name):
+                            continue
+                        outfile = os.path.join(libdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
+                    if not is_script:
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, outfile)
+                        # Issue #147: permission bits aren't preserved. Using
+                        # zf.extract(zinfo, libdir) should have worked, but didn't,
+                        # see https://www.thetopsites.net/article/53834422.shtml
+                        # So ... manually preserve permission bits as given in zinfo
+                        if os.name == 'posix':
+                            # just set the normal permission bits
+                            os.chmod(outfile,
+                                     (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0x1FF)
+                        outfiles.append(outfile)
+                        # Double check the digest of the written file
+                        if not dry_run and row[1]:
+                            with open(outfile, 'rb') as bf:
+                                data = bf.read()
+                                _, newdigest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                                if newdigest != digest:
+                                    raise DistlibException('digest mismatch '
+                                                           'on write for '
+                                                           '%s' % outfile)
+                        if bc and outfile.endswith('.py'):
+                            try:
+                                pyc = fileop.byte_compile(
+                                    outfile,
+                                    hashed_invalidation=bc_hashed_invalidation)
+                                outfiles.append(pyc)
+                            except Exception:
+                                # Don't give up if byte-compilation fails,
+                                # but log it and perhaps warn the user
+                                logger.warning('Byte-compilation failed',
+                                               exc_info=True)
+                    else:
+                        fn = os.path.basename(convert_path(arcname))
+                        workname = os.path.join(workdir, fn)
+                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, workname)
+
+                        dn, fn = os.path.split(outfile)
+                        maker.target_dir = dn
+                        filenames = maker.make(fn)
+                        fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+                        outfiles.extend(filenames)
+
+                if lib_only:
+                    logger.debug('lib_only: returning None')
+                    dist = None
+                else:
+                    # Generate scripts
+
+                    # Try to get pydist.json so we can see if there are
+                    # any commands to generate. If this fails (e.g. because
+                    # of a legacy wheel), log a warning but don't give up.
+                    commands = None
+                    file_version = self.info['Wheel-Version']
+                    if file_version == '1.0':
+                        # Use legacy info
+                        ep = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'entry_points.txt')
+                        try:
+                            with zf.open(ep) as bwf:
+                                epdata = read_exports(bwf)
+                            commands = {}
+                            for key in ('console', 'gui'):
+                                k = '%s_scripts' % key
+                                if k in epdata:
+                                    commands['wrap_%s' % key] = d = {}
+                                    for v in epdata[k].values():
+                                        s = '%s:%s' % (v.prefix, v.suffix)
+                                        if v.flags:
+                                            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(v.flags)
+                                        d[v.name] = s
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.warning('Unable to read legacy script '
+                                           'metadata, so cannot generate '
+                                           'scripts')
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            with zf.open(metadata_name) as bwf:
+                                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                                commands = json.load(wf).get('extensions')
+                                if commands:
+                                    commands = commands.get('python.commands')
+                        except Exception:
+                            logger.warning('Unable to read JSON metadata, so '
+                                           'cannot generate scripts')
+                    if commands:
+                        console_scripts = commands.get('wrap_console', {})
+                        gui_scripts = commands.get('wrap_gui', {})
+                        if console_scripts or gui_scripts:
+                            script_dir = paths.get('scripts', '')
+                            if not os.path.isdir(script_dir):
+                                raise ValueError('Valid script path not '
+                                                 'specified')
+                            maker.target_dir = script_dir
+                            for k, v in console_scripts.items():
+                                script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                                filenames = maker.make(script)
+                                fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+
+                            if gui_scripts:
+                                options = {'gui': True}
+                                for k, v in gui_scripts.items():
+                                    script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
+                                    filenames = maker.make(script, options)
+                                    fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
+
+                    p = os.path.join(libdir, info_dir)
+                    dist = InstalledDistribution(p)
+
+                    # Write SHARED
+                    paths = dict(paths)  # don't change passed in dict
+                    del paths['purelib']
+                    del paths['platlib']
+                    paths['lib'] = libdir
+                    p = dist.write_shared_locations(paths, dry_run)
+                    if p:
+                        outfiles.append(p)
+
+                    # Write RECORD
+                    dist.write_installed_files(outfiles, paths['prefix'],
+                                               dry_run)
+                return dist
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.exception('installation failed.')
+                fileop.rollback()
+                raise
+            finally:
+                shutil.rmtree(workdir)
+
+    def _get_dylib_cache(self):
+        global cache
+        if cache is None:
+            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
+            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('dylib-cache'),
+                                '%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2])
+            cache = Cache(base)
+        return cache
+
+    def _get_extensions(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        arcname = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'EXTENSIONS')
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+        result = []
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            try:
+                with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                    wf = wrapper(bf)
+                    extensions = json.load(wf)
+                    cache = self._get_dylib_cache()
+                    prefix = cache.prefix_to_dir(pathname)
+                    cache_base = os.path.join(cache.base, prefix)
+                    if not os.path.isdir(cache_base):
+                        os.makedirs(cache_base)
+                    for name, relpath in extensions.items():
+                        dest = os.path.join(cache_base, convert_path(relpath))
+                        if not os.path.exists(dest):
+                            extract = True
+                        else:
+                            file_time = os.stat(dest).st_mtime
+                            file_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                                file_time)
+                            info = zf.getinfo(relpath)
+                            wheel_time = datetime.datetime(*info.date_time)
+                            extract = wheel_time > file_time
+                        if extract:
+                            zf.extract(relpath, cache_base)
+                        result.append((name, dest))
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def is_compatible(self):
+        """
+        Determine if a wheel is compatible with the running system.
+        """
+        return is_compatible(self)
+
+    def is_mountable(self):
+        """
+        Determine if a wheel is asserted as mountable by its metadata.
+        """
+        return True  # for now - metadata details TBD
+
+    def mount(self, append=False):
+        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
+        if not self.is_compatible():
+            msg = 'Wheel %s not compatible with this Python.' % pathname
+            raise DistlibException(msg)
+        if not self.is_mountable():
+            msg = 'Wheel %s is marked as not mountable.' % pathname
+            raise DistlibException(msg)
+        if pathname in sys.path:
+            logger.debug('%s already in path', pathname)
+        else:
+            if append:
+                sys.path.append(pathname)
+            else:
+                sys.path.insert(0, pathname)
+            extensions = self._get_extensions()
+            if extensions:
+                if _hook not in sys.meta_path:
+                    sys.meta_path.append(_hook)
+                _hook.add(pathname, extensions)
+
+    def unmount(self):
+        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
+        if pathname not in sys.path:
+            logger.debug('%s not in path', pathname)
+        else:
+            sys.path.remove(pathname)
+            if pathname in _hook.impure_wheels:
+                _hook.remove(pathname)
+            if not _hook.impure_wheels:
+                if _hook in sys.meta_path:
+                    sys.meta_path.remove(_hook)
+
+    def verify(self):
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        # data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+
+        # metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+
+        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
+
+        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
+                wf = wrapper(bwf)
+                message_from_file(wf)
+            # wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
+            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
+            # TODO version verification
+
+            records = {}
+            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
+                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
+                    for row in reader:
+                        p = row[0]
+                        records[p] = row
+
+            for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                arcname = zinfo.filename
+                if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                    u_arcname = arcname
+                else:
+                    u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                # See issue #115: some wheels have .. in their entries, but
+                # in the filename ... e.g. __main__..py ! So the check is
+                # updated to look for .. in the directory portions
+                p = u_arcname.split('/')
+                if '..' in p:
+                    raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
+                                           'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
+
+                if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
+                    continue
+                row = records[u_arcname]
+                if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
+                    raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
+                                           '%s' % u_arcname)
+                if row[1]:
+                    kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
+                    with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
+                        data = bf.read()
+                    _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
+                    if digest != value:
+                        raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
+                                               '%s' % arcname)
+
+    def update(self, modifier, dest_dir=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Update the contents of a wheel in a generic way. The modifier should
+        be a callable which expects a dictionary argument: its keys are
+        archive-entry paths, and its values are absolute filesystem paths
+        where the contents the corresponding archive entries can be found. The
+        modifier is free to change the contents of the files pointed to, add
+        new entries and remove entries, before returning. This method will
+        extract the entire contents of the wheel to a temporary location, call
+        the modifier, and then use the passed (and possibly updated)
+        dictionary to write a new wheel. If ``dest_dir`` is specified, the new
+        wheel is written there -- otherwise, the original wheel is overwritten.
+
+        The modifier should return True if it updated the wheel, else False.
+        This method returns the same value the modifier returns.
+        """
+
+        def get_version(path_map, info_dir):
+            version = path = None
+            key = '%s/%s' % (info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+            if key not in path_map:
+                key = '%s/PKG-INFO' % info_dir
+            if key in path_map:
+                path = path_map[key]
+                version = Metadata(path=path).version
+            return version, path
+
+        def update_version(version, path):
+            updated = None
+            try:
+                NormalizedVersion(version)
+                i = version.find('-')
+                if i < 0:
+                    updated = '%s+1' % version
+                else:
+                    parts = [int(s) for s in version[i + 1:].split('.')]
+                    parts[-1] += 1
+                    updated = '%s+%s' % (version[:i], '.'.join(
+                        str(i) for i in parts))
+            except UnsupportedVersionError:
+                logger.debug(
+                    'Cannot update non-compliant (PEP-440) '
+                    'version %r', version)
+            if updated:
+                md = Metadata(path=path)
+                md.version = updated
+                legacy = path.endswith(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
+                md.write(path=path, legacy=legacy)
+                logger.debug('Version updated from %r to %r', version, updated)
+
+        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
+        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
+        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
+        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
+        with tempdir() as workdir:
+            with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
+                path_map = {}
+                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
+                    arcname = zinfo.filename
+                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
+                        u_arcname = arcname
+                    else:
+                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
+                    if u_arcname == record_name:
+                        continue
+                    if '..' in u_arcname:
+                        raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
+                                               'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
+                    zf.extract(zinfo, workdir)
+                    path = os.path.join(workdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
+                    path_map[u_arcname] = path
+
+            # Remember the version.
+            original_version, _ = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
+            # Files extracted. Call the modifier.
+            modified = modifier(path_map, **kwargs)
+            if modified:
+                # Something changed - need to build a new wheel.
+                current_version, path = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
+                if current_version and (current_version == original_version):
+                    # Add or update local version to signify changes.
+                    update_version(current_version, path)
+                # Decide where the new wheel goes.
+                if dest_dir is None:
+                    fd, newpath = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.whl',
+                                                   prefix='wheel-update-',
+                                                   dir=workdir)
+                    os.close(fd)
+                else:
+                    if not os.path.isdir(dest_dir):
+                        raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' %
+                                               dest_dir)
+                    newpath = os.path.join(dest_dir, self.filename)
+                archive_paths = list(path_map.items())
+                distinfo = os.path.join(workdir, info_dir)
+                info = distinfo, info_dir
+                self.write_records(info, workdir, archive_paths)
+                self.build_zip(newpath, archive_paths)
+                if dest_dir is None:
+                    shutil.copyfile(newpath, pathname)
+        return modified
+
+
+def _get_glibc_version():
+    import platform
+    ver = platform.libc_ver()
+    result = []
+    if ver[0] == 'glibc':
+        for s in ver[1].split('.'):
+            result.append(int(s) if s.isdigit() else 0)
+        result = tuple(result)
+    return result
+
+
+def compatible_tags():
+    """
+    Return (pyver, abi, arch) tuples compatible with this Python.
+    """
+    versions = [VER_SUFFIX]
+    major = VER_SUFFIX[0]
+    for minor in range(sys.version_info[1] - 1, -1, -1):
+        versions.append(''.join([major, str(minor)]))
+
+    abis = []
+    for suffix in _get_suffixes():
+        if suffix.startswith('.abi'):
+            abis.append(suffix.split('.', 2)[1])
+    abis.sort()
+    if ABI != 'none':
+        abis.insert(0, ABI)
+    abis.append('none')
+    result = []
+
+    arches = [ARCH]
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        m = re.match(r'(\w+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(\w+)$', ARCH)
+        if m:
+            name, major, minor, arch = m.groups()
+            minor = int(minor)
+            matches = [arch]
+            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc'):
+                matches.append('fat')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('fat3')
+            if arch in ('ppc64', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('fat64')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64'):
+                matches.append('intel')
+            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64', 'intel', 'ppc', 'ppc64'):
+                matches.append('universal')
+            while minor >= 0:
+                for match in matches:
+                    s = '%s_%s_%s_%s' % (name, major, minor, match)
+                    if s != ARCH:  # already there
+                        arches.append(s)
+                minor -= 1
+
+    # Most specific - our Python version, ABI and arch
+    for abi in abis:
+        for arch in arches:
+            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi, arch))
+            # manylinux
+            if abi != 'none' and sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+                arch = arch.replace('linux_', '')
+                parts = _get_glibc_version()
+                if len(parts) == 2:
+                    if parts >= (2, 5):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux1_%s' % arch))
+                    if parts >= (2, 12):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux2010_%s' % arch))
+                    if parts >= (2, 17):
+                        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                                       'manylinux2014_%s' % arch))
+                    result.append(
+                        (''.join((IMP_PREFIX, versions[0])), abi,
+                         'manylinux_%s_%s_%s' % (parts[0], parts[1], arch)))
+
+    # where no ABI / arch dependency, but IMP_PREFIX dependency
+    for i, version in enumerate(versions):
+        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), 'none', 'any'))
+        if i == 0:
+            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version[0])), 'none', 'any'))
+
+    # no IMP_PREFIX, ABI or arch dependency
+    for i, version in enumerate(versions):
+        result.append((''.join(('py', version)), 'none', 'any'))
+        if i == 0:
+            result.append((''.join(('py', version[0])), 'none', 'any'))
+
+    return set(result)
+
+
+COMPATIBLE_TAGS = compatible_tags()
+
+del compatible_tags
+
+
+def is_compatible(wheel, tags=None):
+    if not isinstance(wheel, Wheel):
+        wheel = Wheel(wheel)  # assume it's a filename
+    result = False
+    if tags is None:
+        tags = COMPATIBLE_TAGS
+    for ver, abi, arch in tags:
+        if ver in wheel.pyver and abi in wheel.abi and arch in wheel.arch:
+            result = True
+            break
+    return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7686fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from .distro import (
+    NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID,
+    NORMALIZED_LSB_ID,
+    NORMALIZED_OS_ID,
+    LinuxDistribution,
+    __version__,
+    build_number,
+    codename,
+    distro_release_attr,
+    distro_release_info,
+    id,
+    info,
+    like,
+    linux_distribution,
+    lsb_release_attr,
+    lsb_release_info,
+    major_version,
+    minor_version,
+    name,
+    os_release_attr,
+    os_release_info,
+    uname_attr,
+    uname_info,
+    version,
+    version_parts,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID",
+    "NORMALIZED_LSB_ID",
+    "NORMALIZED_OS_ID",
+    "LinuxDistribution",
+    "build_number",
+    "codename",
+    "distro_release_attr",
+    "distro_release_info",
+    "id",
+    "info",
+    "like",
+    "linux_distribution",
+    "lsb_release_attr",
+    "lsb_release_info",
+    "major_version",
+    "minor_version",
+    "name",
+    "os_release_attr",
+    "os_release_info",
+    "uname_attr",
+    "uname_info",
+    "version",
+    "version_parts",
+]
+
+__version__ = __version__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c01d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .distro import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/distro.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/__pycache__/distro.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e1868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distro/distro.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1399 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2015,2016,2017 Nir Cohen
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+The ``distro`` package (``distro`` stands for Linux Distribution) provides
+information about the Linux distribution it runs on, such as a reliable
+machine-readable distro ID, or version information.
+
+It is the recommended replacement for Python's original
+:py:func:`platform.linux_distribution` function, but it provides much more
+functionality. An alternative implementation became necessary because Python
+3.5 deprecated this function, and Python 3.8 removed it altogether. Its
+predecessor function :py:func:`platform.dist` was already deprecated since
+Python 2.6 and removed in Python 3.8. Still, there are many cases in which
+access to OS distribution information is needed. See `Python issue 1322
+<https://bugs.python.org/issue1322>`_ for more information.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+)
+
+try:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 3.7
+    TypedDict = dict
+
+__version__ = "1.8.0"
+
+
+class VersionDict(TypedDict):
+    major: str
+    minor: str
+    build_number: str
+
+
+class InfoDict(TypedDict):
+    id: str
+    version: str
+    version_parts: VersionDict
+    like: str
+    codename: str
+
+
+_UNIXCONFDIR = os.environ.get("UNIXCONFDIR", "/etc")
+_UNIXUSRLIBDIR = os.environ.get("UNIXUSRLIBDIR", "/usr/lib")
+_OS_RELEASE_BASENAME = "os-release"
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the "ID" attribute defined in os-release
+#: files, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as defined in the os-release file, translated to lower case,
+#:   with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_OS_ID = {
+    "ol": "oracle",  # Oracle Linux
+    "opensuse-leap": "opensuse",  # Newer versions of OpenSuSE report as opensuse-leap
+}
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by
+#: the lsb_release command, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as returned by the lsb_release command, translated to lower
+#:   case, with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_LSB_ID = {
+    "enterpriseenterpriseas": "oracle",  # Oracle Enterprise Linux 4
+    "enterpriseenterpriseserver": "oracle",  # Oracle Linux 5
+    "redhatenterpriseworkstation": "rhel",  # RHEL 6, 7 Workstation
+    "redhatenterpriseserver": "rhel",  # RHEL 6, 7 Server
+    "redhatenterprisecomputenode": "rhel",  # RHEL 6 ComputeNode
+}
+
+#: Translation table for normalizing the distro ID derived from the file name
+#: of distro release files, for use by the :func:`distro.id` method.
+#:
+#: * Key: Value as derived from the file name of a distro release file,
+#:   translated to lower case, with blanks translated to underscores.
+#:
+#: * Value: Normalized value.
+NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID = {
+    "redhat": "rhel",  # RHEL 6.x, 7.x
+}
+
+# Pattern for content of distro release file (reversed)
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_CONTENT_REVERSED_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r"(?:[^)]*\)(.*)\()? *(?:STL )?([\d.+\-a-z]*\d) *(?:esaeler *)?(.+)"
+)
+
+# Pattern for base file name of distro release file
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\w+)[-_](release|version)$")
+
+# Base file names to be looked up for if _UNIXCONFDIR is not readable.
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAMES = [
+    "SuSE-release",
+    "arch-release",
+    "base-release",
+    "centos-release",
+    "fedora-release",
+    "gentoo-release",
+    "mageia-release",
+    "mandrake-release",
+    "mandriva-release",
+    "mandrivalinux-release",
+    "manjaro-release",
+    "oracle-release",
+    "redhat-release",
+    "rocky-release",
+    "sl-release",
+    "slackware-version",
+]
+
+# Base file names to be ignored when searching for distro release file
+_DISTRO_RELEASE_IGNORE_BASENAMES = (
+    "debian_version",
+    "lsb-release",
+    "oem-release",
+    _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME,
+    "system-release",
+    "plesk-release",
+    "iredmail-release",
+)
+
+
+def linux_distribution(full_distribution_name: bool = True) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.6.0
+
+        :func:`distro.linux_distribution()` is deprecated. It should only be
+        used as a compatibility shim with Python's
+        :py:func:`platform.linux_distribution()`. Please use :func:`distro.id`,
+        :func:`distro.version` and :func:`distro.name` instead.
+
+    Return information about the current OS distribution as a tuple
+    ``(id_name, version, codename)`` with items as follows:
+
+    * ``id_name``:  If *full_distribution_name* is false, the result of
+      :func:`distro.id`. Otherwise, the result of :func:`distro.name`.
+
+    * ``version``:  The result of :func:`distro.version`.
+
+    * ``codename``:  The extra item (usually in parentheses) after the
+      os-release version number, or the result of :func:`distro.codename`.
+
+    The interface of this function is compatible with the original
+    :py:func:`platform.linux_distribution` function, supporting a subset of
+    its parameters.
+
+    The data it returns may not exactly be the same, because it uses more data
+    sources than the original function, and that may lead to different data if
+    the OS distribution is not consistent across multiple data sources it
+    provides (there are indeed such distributions ...).
+
+    Another reason for differences is the fact that the :func:`distro.id`
+    method normalizes the distro ID string to a reliable machine-readable value
+    for a number of popular OS distributions.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        "distro.linux_distribution() is deprecated. It should only be used as a "
+        "compatibility shim with Python's platform.linux_distribution(). Please use "
+        "distro.id(), distro.version() and distro.name() instead.",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    return _distro.linux_distribution(full_distribution_name)
+
+
+def id() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the distro ID of the current distribution, as a
+    machine-readable string.
+
+    For a number of OS distributions, the returned distro ID value is
+    *reliable*, in the sense that it is documented and that it does not change
+    across releases of the distribution.
+
+    This package maintains the following reliable distro ID values:
+
+    ==============  =========================================
+    Distro ID       Distribution
+    ==============  =========================================
+    "ubuntu"        Ubuntu
+    "debian"        Debian
+    "rhel"          RedHat Enterprise Linux
+    "centos"        CentOS
+    "fedora"        Fedora
+    "sles"          SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
+    "opensuse"      openSUSE
+    "amzn"          Amazon Linux
+    "arch"          Arch Linux
+    "buildroot"     Buildroot
+    "cloudlinux"    CloudLinux OS
+    "exherbo"       Exherbo Linux
+    "gentoo"        GenToo Linux
+    "ibm_powerkvm"  IBM PowerKVM
+    "kvmibm"        KVM for IBM z Systems
+    "linuxmint"     Linux Mint
+    "mageia"        Mageia
+    "mandriva"      Mandriva Linux
+    "parallels"     Parallels
+    "pidora"        Pidora
+    "raspbian"      Raspbian
+    "oracle"        Oracle Linux (and Oracle Enterprise Linux)
+    "scientific"    Scientific Linux
+    "slackware"     Slackware
+    "xenserver"     XenServer
+    "openbsd"       OpenBSD
+    "netbsd"        NetBSD
+    "freebsd"       FreeBSD
+    "midnightbsd"   MidnightBSD
+    "rocky"         Rocky Linux
+    "aix"           AIX
+    "guix"          Guix System
+    ==============  =========================================
+
+    If you have a need to get distros for reliable IDs added into this set,
+    or if you find that the :func:`distro.id` function returns a different
+    distro ID for one of the listed distros, please create an issue in the
+    `distro issue tracker`_.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy and transformations:**
+
+    First, the ID is obtained from the following sources, in the specified
+    order. The first available and non-empty value is used:
+
+    * the value of the "ID" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+    * the value of the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+
+    * the first part of the file name of the distro release file,
+
+    The so determined ID value then passes the following transformations,
+    before it is returned by this method:
+
+    * it is translated to lower case,
+
+    * blanks (which should not be there anyway) are translated to underscores,
+
+    * a normalization of the ID is performed, based upon
+      `normalization tables`_. The purpose of this normalization is to ensure
+      that the ID is as reliable as possible, even across incompatible changes
+      in the OS distributions. A common reason for an incompatible change is
+      the addition of an os-release file, or the addition of the lsb_release
+      command, with ID values that differ from what was previously determined
+      from the distro release file name.
+    """
+    return _distro.id()
+
+
+def name(pretty: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the name of the current OS distribution, as a human-readable
+    string.
+
+    If *pretty* is false, the name is returned without version or codename.
+    (e.g. "CentOS Linux")
+
+    If *pretty* is true, the version and codename are appended.
+    (e.g. "CentOS Linux 7.1.1503 (Core)")
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    The name is obtained from the following sources, in the specified order.
+    The first available and non-empty value is used:
+
+    * If *pretty* is false:
+
+      - the value of the "NAME" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+      - the value of the "Distributor ID" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+        command,
+
+      - the value of the "<name>" field of the distro release file.
+
+    * If *pretty* is true:
+
+      - the value of the "PRETTY_NAME" attribute of the os-release file,
+
+      - the value of the "Description" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+        command,
+
+      - the value of the "<name>" field of the distro release file, appended
+        with the value of the pretty version ("<version_id>" and "<codename>"
+        fields) of the distro release file, if available.
+    """
+    return _distro.name(pretty)
+
+
+def version(pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the version of the current OS distribution, as a human-readable
+    string.
+
+    If *pretty* is false, the version is returned without codename (e.g.
+    "7.0").
+
+    If *pretty* is true, the codename in parenthesis is appended, if the
+    codename is non-empty (e.g. "7.0 (Maipo)").
+
+    Some distributions provide version numbers with different precisions in
+    the different sources of distribution information. Examining the different
+    sources in a fixed priority order does not always yield the most precise
+    version (e.g. for Debian 8.2, or CentOS 7.1).
+
+    Some other distributions may not provide this kind of information. In these
+    cases, an empty string would be returned. This behavior can be observed
+    with rolling releases distributions (e.g. Arch Linux).
+
+    The *best* parameter can be used to control the approach for the returned
+    version:
+
+    If *best* is false, the first non-empty version number in priority order of
+    the examined sources is returned.
+
+    If *best* is true, the most precise version number out of all examined
+    sources is returned.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    In all cases, the version number is obtained from the following sources.
+    If *best* is false, this order represents the priority order:
+
+    * the value of the "VERSION_ID" attribute of the os-release file,
+    * the value of the "Release" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+    * the version number parsed from the "<version_id>" field of the first line
+      of the distro release file,
+    * the version number parsed from the "PRETTY_NAME" attribute of the
+      os-release file, if it follows the format of the distro release files.
+    * the version number parsed from the "Description" attribute returned by
+      the lsb_release command, if it follows the format of the distro release
+      files.
+    """
+    return _distro.version(pretty, best)
+
+
+def version_parts(best: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    """
+    Return the version of the current OS distribution as a tuple
+    ``(major, minor, build_number)`` with items as follows:
+
+    * ``major``:  The result of :func:`distro.major_version`.
+
+    * ``minor``:  The result of :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+
+    * ``build_number``:  The result of :func:`distro.build_number`.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.version_parts(best)
+
+
+def major_version(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the major version of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The major version is the first
+    part of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.major_version(best)
+
+
+def minor_version(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the minor version of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The minor version is the second
+    part of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.minor_version(best)
+
+
+def build_number(best: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the build number of the current OS distribution, as a string,
+    if provided.
+    Otherwise, the empty string is returned. The build number is the third part
+    of the dot-separated version string.
+
+    For a description of the *best* parameter, see the :func:`distro.version`
+    method.
+    """
+    return _distro.build_number(best)
+
+
+def like() -> str:
+    """
+    Return a space-separated list of distro IDs of distributions that are
+    closely related to the current OS distribution in regards to packaging
+    and programming interfaces, for example distributions the current
+    distribution is a derivative from.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    This information item is only provided by the os-release file.
+    For details, see the description of the "ID_LIKE" attribute in the
+    `os-release man page
+    <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html>`_.
+    """
+    return _distro.like()
+
+
+def codename() -> str:
+    """
+    Return the codename for the release of the current OS distribution,
+    as a string.
+
+    If the distribution does not have a codename, an empty string is returned.
+
+    Note that the returned codename is not always really a codename. For
+    example, openSUSE returns "x86_64". This function does not handle such
+    cases in any special way and just returns the string it finds, if any.
+
+    **Lookup hierarchy:**
+
+    * the codename within the "VERSION" attribute of the os-release file, if
+      provided,
+
+    * the value of the "Codename" attribute returned by the lsb_release
+      command,
+
+    * the value of the "<codename>" field of the distro release file.
+    """
+    return _distro.codename()
+
+
+def info(pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> InfoDict:
+    """
+    Return certain machine-readable information items about the current OS
+    distribution in a dictionary, as shown in the following example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        {
+            'id': 'rhel',
+            'version': '7.0',
+            'version_parts': {
+                'major': '7',
+                'minor': '0',
+                'build_number': ''
+            },
+            'like': 'fedora',
+            'codename': 'Maipo'
+        }
+
+    The dictionary structure and keys are always the same, regardless of which
+    information items are available in the underlying data sources. The values
+    for the various keys are as follows:
+
+    * ``id``:  The result of :func:`distro.id`.
+
+    * ``version``:  The result of :func:`distro.version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> major``:  The result of :func:`distro.major_version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> minor``:  The result of :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+
+    * ``version_parts -> build_number``:  The result of
+      :func:`distro.build_number`.
+
+    * ``like``:  The result of :func:`distro.like`.
+
+    * ``codename``:  The result of :func:`distro.codename`.
+
+    For a description of the *pretty* and *best* parameters, see the
+    :func:`distro.version` method.
+    """
+    return _distro.info(pretty, best)
+
+
+def os_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the os-release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `os-release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.os_release_info()
+
+
+def lsb_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the lsb_release command data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `lsb_release command output`_ for details about these information
+    items.
+    """
+    return _distro.lsb_release_info()
+
+
+def distro_release_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the distro release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    See `distro release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.distro_release_info()
+
+
+def uname_info() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information items
+    from the distro release file data source of the current OS distribution.
+    """
+    return _distro.uname_info()
+
+
+def os_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the os-release file data source
+    of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `os-release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.os_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def lsb_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the lsb_release command output
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `lsb_release command output`_ for details about these information
+    items.
+    """
+    return _distro.lsb_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def distro_release_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+      The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+
+    See `distro release file`_ for details about these information items.
+    """
+    return _distro.distro_release_attr(attribute)
+
+
+def uname_attr(attribute: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+    data source of the current OS distribution.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    * ``attribute`` (string): Key of the information item.
+
+    Returns:
+
+    * (string): Value of the information item, if the item exists.
+                The empty string, if the item does not exist.
+    """
+    return _distro.uname_attr(attribute)
+
+
+try:
+    from functools import cached_property
+except ImportError:
+    # Python < 3.8
+    class cached_property:  # type: ignore
+        """A version of @property which caches the value.  On access, it calls the
+        underlying function and sets the value in `__dict__` so future accesses
+        will not re-call the property.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, f: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
+            self._fname = f.__name__
+            self._f = f
+
+        def __get__(self, obj: Any, owner: Type[Any]) -> Any:
+            assert obj is not None, f"call {self._fname} on an instance"
+            ret = obj.__dict__[self._fname] = self._f(obj)
+            return ret
+
+
+class LinuxDistribution:
+    """
+    Provides information about a OS distribution.
+
+    This package creates a private module-global instance of this class with
+    default initialization arguments, that is used by the
+    `consolidated accessor functions`_ and `single source accessor functions`_.
+    By using default initialization arguments, that module-global instance
+    returns data about the current OS distribution (i.e. the distro this
+    package runs on).
+
+    Normally, it is not necessary to create additional instances of this class.
+    However, in situations where control is needed over the exact data sources
+    that are used, instances of this class can be created with a specific
+    distro release file, or a specific os-release file, or without invoking the
+    lsb_release command.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        include_lsb: Optional[bool] = None,
+        os_release_file: str = "",
+        distro_release_file: str = "",
+        include_uname: Optional[bool] = None,
+        root_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        include_oslevel: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        The initialization method of this class gathers information from the
+        available data sources, and stores that in private instance attributes.
+        Subsequent access to the information items uses these private instance
+        attributes, so that the data sources are read only once.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * ``include_lsb`` (bool): Controls whether the
+          `lsb_release command output`_ is included as a data source.
+
+          If the lsb_release command is not available in the program execution
+          path, the data source for the lsb_release command will be empty.
+
+        * ``os_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `os-release file`_ that is to be used as a data source.
+
+          An empty string (the default) will cause the default path name to
+          be used (see `os-release file`_ for details).
+
+          If the specified or defaulted os-release file does not exist, the
+          data source for the os-release file will be empty.
+
+        * ``distro_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `distro release file`_ that is to be used as a data source.
+
+          An empty string (the default) will cause a default search algorithm
+          to be used (see `distro release file`_ for details).
+
+          If the specified distro release file does not exist, or if no default
+          distro release file can be found, the data source for the distro
+          release file will be empty.
+
+        * ``include_uname`` (bool): Controls whether uname command output is
+          included as a data source. If the uname command is not available in
+          the program execution path the data source for the uname command will
+          be empty.
+
+        * ``root_dir`` (string): The absolute path to the root directory to use
+          to find distro-related information files. Note that ``include_*``
+          parameters must not be enabled in combination with ``root_dir``.
+
+        * ``include_oslevel`` (bool): Controls whether (AIX) oslevel command
+          output is included as a data source. If the oslevel command is not
+          available in the program execution path the data source will be
+          empty.
+
+        Public instance attributes:
+
+        * ``os_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `os-release file`_ that is actually used as a data source. The
+          empty string if no distro release file is used as a data source.
+
+        * ``distro_release_file`` (string): The path name of the
+          `distro release file`_ that is actually used as a data source. The
+          empty string if no distro release file is used as a data source.
+
+        * ``include_lsb`` (bool): The result of the ``include_lsb`` parameter.
+          This controls whether the lsb information will be loaded.
+
+        * ``include_uname`` (bool): The result of the ``include_uname``
+          parameter. This controls whether the uname information will
+          be loaded.
+
+        * ``include_oslevel`` (bool): The result of the ``include_oslevel``
+          parameter. This controls whether (AIX) oslevel information will be
+          loaded.
+
+        * ``root_dir`` (string): The result of the ``root_dir`` parameter.
+          The absolute path to the root directory to use to find distro-related
+          information files.
+
+        Raises:
+
+        * :py:exc:`ValueError`: Initialization parameters combination is not
+           supported.
+
+        * :py:exc:`OSError`: Some I/O issue with an os-release file or distro
+          release file.
+
+        * :py:exc:`UnicodeError`: A data source has unexpected characters or
+          uses an unexpected encoding.
+        """
+        self.root_dir = root_dir
+        self.etc_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, "etc") if root_dir else _UNIXCONFDIR
+        self.usr_lib_dir = (
+            os.path.join(root_dir, "usr/lib") if root_dir else _UNIXUSRLIBDIR
+        )
+
+        if os_release_file:
+            self.os_release_file = os_release_file
+        else:
+            etc_dir_os_release_file = os.path.join(self.etc_dir, _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME)
+            usr_lib_os_release_file = os.path.join(
+                self.usr_lib_dir, _OS_RELEASE_BASENAME
+            )
+
+            # NOTE: The idea is to respect order **and** have it set
+            #       at all times for API backwards compatibility.
+            if os.path.isfile(etc_dir_os_release_file) or not os.path.isfile(
+                usr_lib_os_release_file
+            ):
+                self.os_release_file = etc_dir_os_release_file
+            else:
+                self.os_release_file = usr_lib_os_release_file
+
+        self.distro_release_file = distro_release_file or ""  # updated later
+
+        is_root_dir_defined = root_dir is not None
+        if is_root_dir_defined and (include_lsb or include_uname or include_oslevel):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Including subprocess data sources from specific root_dir is disallowed"
+                " to prevent false information"
+            )
+        self.include_lsb = (
+            include_lsb if include_lsb is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+        self.include_uname = (
+            include_uname if include_uname is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+        self.include_oslevel = (
+            include_oslevel if include_oslevel is not None else not is_root_dir_defined
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """Return repr of all info"""
+        return (
+            "LinuxDistribution("
+            "os_release_file={self.os_release_file!r}, "
+            "distro_release_file={self.distro_release_file!r}, "
+            "include_lsb={self.include_lsb!r}, "
+            "include_uname={self.include_uname!r}, "
+            "include_oslevel={self.include_oslevel!r}, "
+            "root_dir={self.root_dir!r}, "
+            "_os_release_info={self._os_release_info!r}, "
+            "_lsb_release_info={self._lsb_release_info!r}, "
+            "_distro_release_info={self._distro_release_info!r}, "
+            "_uname_info={self._uname_info!r}, "
+            "_oslevel_info={self._oslevel_info!r})".format(self=self)
+        )
+
+    def linux_distribution(
+        self, full_distribution_name: bool = True
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+        """
+        Return information about the OS distribution that is compatible
+        with Python's :func:`platform.linux_distribution`, supporting a subset
+        of its parameters.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.linux_distribution`.
+        """
+        return (
+            self.name() if full_distribution_name else self.id(),
+            self.version(),
+            self._os_release_info.get("release_codename") or self.codename(),
+        )
+
+    def id(self) -> str:
+        """Return the distro ID of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.id`.
+        """
+
+        def normalize(distro_id: str, table: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+            distro_id = distro_id.lower().replace(" ", "_")
+            return table.get(distro_id, distro_id)
+
+        distro_id = self.os_release_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_OS_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.lsb_release_attr("distributor_id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_LSB_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.distro_release_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID)
+
+        distro_id = self.uname_attr("id")
+        if distro_id:
+            return normalize(distro_id, NORMALIZED_DISTRO_ID)
+
+        return ""
+
+    def name(self, pretty: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the name of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.name`.
+        """
+        name = (
+            self.os_release_attr("name")
+            or self.lsb_release_attr("distributor_id")
+            or self.distro_release_attr("name")
+            or self.uname_attr("name")
+        )
+        if pretty:
+            name = self.os_release_attr("pretty_name") or self.lsb_release_attr(
+                "description"
+            )
+            if not name:
+                name = self.distro_release_attr("name") or self.uname_attr("name")
+                version = self.version(pretty=True)
+                if version:
+                    name = f"{name} {version}"
+        return name or ""
+
+    def version(self, pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the version of the OS distribution, as a string.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.version`.
+        """
+        versions = [
+            self.os_release_attr("version_id"),
+            self.lsb_release_attr("release"),
+            self.distro_release_attr("version_id"),
+            self._parse_distro_release_content(self.os_release_attr("pretty_name")).get(
+                "version_id", ""
+            ),
+            self._parse_distro_release_content(
+                self.lsb_release_attr("description")
+            ).get("version_id", ""),
+            self.uname_attr("release"),
+        ]
+        if self.uname_attr("id").startswith("aix"):
+            # On AIX platforms, prefer oslevel command output.
+            versions.insert(0, self.oslevel_info())
+        elif self.id() == "debian" or "debian" in self.like().split():
+            # On Debian-like, add debian_version file content to candidates list.
+            versions.append(self._debian_version)
+        version = ""
+        if best:
+            # This algorithm uses the last version in priority order that has
+            # the best precision. If the versions are not in conflict, that
+            # does not matter; otherwise, using the last one instead of the
+            # first one might be considered a surprise.
+            for v in versions:
+                if v.count(".") > version.count(".") or version == "":
+                    version = v
+        else:
+            for v in versions:
+                if v != "":
+                    version = v
+                    break
+        if pretty and version and self.codename():
+            version = f"{version} ({self.codename()})"
+        return version
+
+    def version_parts(self, best: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+        """
+        Return the version of the OS distribution, as a tuple of version
+        numbers.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.version_parts`.
+        """
+        version_str = self.version(best=best)
+        if version_str:
+            version_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)\.?(\d+)?\.?(\d+)?")
+            matches = version_regex.match(version_str)
+            if matches:
+                major, minor, build_number = matches.groups()
+                return major, minor or "", build_number or ""
+        return "", "", ""
+
+    def major_version(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the major version number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.major_version`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[0]
+
+    def minor_version(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the minor version number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.minor_version`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[1]
+
+    def build_number(self, best: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the build number of the current distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.build_number`.
+        """
+        return self.version_parts(best)[2]
+
+    def like(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the IDs of distributions that are like the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.like`.
+        """
+        return self.os_release_attr("id_like") or ""
+
+    def codename(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the codename of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.codename`.
+        """
+        try:
+            # Handle os_release specially since distros might purposefully set
+            # this to empty string to have no codename
+            return self._os_release_info["codename"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return (
+                self.lsb_release_attr("codename")
+                or self.distro_release_attr("codename")
+                or ""
+            )
+
+    def info(self, pretty: bool = False, best: bool = False) -> InfoDict:
+        """
+        Return certain machine-readable information about the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.info`.
+        """
+        return dict(
+            id=self.id(),
+            version=self.version(pretty, best),
+            version_parts=dict(
+                major=self.major_version(best),
+                minor=self.minor_version(best),
+                build_number=self.build_number(best),
+            ),
+            like=self.like(),
+            codename=self.codename(),
+        )
+
+    def os_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the os-release file data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.os_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._os_release_info
+
+    def lsb_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the lsb_release command data source of the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.lsb_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._lsb_release_info
+
+    def distro_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the distro release file data source of the OS
+        distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.distro_release_info`.
+        """
+        return self._distro_release_info
+
+    def uname_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return a dictionary containing key-value pairs for the information
+        items from the uname command data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.uname_info`.
+        """
+        return self._uname_info
+
+    def oslevel_info(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return AIX' oslevel command output.
+        """
+        return self._oslevel_info
+
+    def os_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the os-release file data
+        source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.os_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._os_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def lsb_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the lsb_release command
+        output data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.lsb_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._lsb_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def distro_release_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the distro release file
+        data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.distro_release_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._distro_release_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    def uname_attr(self, attribute: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a single named information item from the uname command
+        output data source of the OS distribution.
+
+        For details, see :func:`distro.uname_attr`.
+        """
+        return self._uname_info.get(attribute, "")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _os_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the specified os-release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if os.path.isfile(self.os_release_file):
+            with open(self.os_release_file, encoding="utf-8") as release_file:
+                return self._parse_os_release_content(release_file)
+        return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_os_release_content(lines: TextIO) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse the lines of an os-release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * lines: Iterable through the lines in the os-release file.
+                 Each line must be a unicode string or a UTF-8 encoded byte
+                 string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        props = {}
+        lexer = shlex.shlex(lines, posix=True)
+        lexer.whitespace_split = True
+
+        tokens = list(lexer)
+        for token in tokens:
+            # At this point, all shell-like parsing has been done (i.e.
+            # comments processed, quotes and backslash escape sequences
+            # processed, multi-line values assembled, trailing newlines
+            # stripped, etc.), so the tokens are now either:
+            # * variable assignments: var=value
+            # * commands or their arguments (not allowed in os-release)
+            # Ignore any tokens that are not variable assignments
+            if "=" in token:
+                k, v = token.split("=", 1)
+                props[k.lower()] = v
+
+        if "version" in props:
+            # extract release codename (if any) from version attribute
+            match = re.search(r"\((\D+)\)|,\s*(\D+)", props["version"])
+            if match:
+                release_codename = match.group(1) or match.group(2)
+                props["codename"] = props["release_codename"] = release_codename
+
+        if "version_codename" in props:
+            # os-release added a version_codename field.  Use that in
+            # preference to anything else Note that some distros purposefully
+            # do not have code names.  They should be setting
+            # version_codename=""
+            props["codename"] = props["version_codename"]
+        elif "ubuntu_codename" in props:
+            # Same as above but a non-standard field name used on older Ubuntus
+            props["codename"] = props["ubuntu_codename"]
+
+        return props
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _lsb_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the lsb_release command output.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if not self.include_lsb:
+            return {}
+        try:
+            cmd = ("lsb_release", "-a")
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        # Command not found or lsb_release returned error
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return {}
+        content = self._to_str(stdout).splitlines()
+        return self._parse_lsb_release_content(content)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_lsb_release_content(lines: Iterable[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse the output of the lsb_release command.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * lines: Iterable through the lines of the lsb_release output.
+                 Each line must be a unicode string or a UTF-8 encoded byte
+                 string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        props = {}
+        for line in lines:
+            kv = line.strip("\n").split(":", 1)
+            if len(kv) != 2:
+                # Ignore lines without colon.
+                continue
+            k, v = kv
+            props.update({k.replace(" ", "_").lower(): v.strip()})
+        return props
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _uname_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        if not self.include_uname:
+            return {}
+        try:
+            cmd = ("uname", "-rs")
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except OSError:
+            return {}
+        content = self._to_str(stdout).splitlines()
+        return self._parse_uname_content(content)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _oslevel_info(self) -> str:
+        if not self.include_oslevel:
+            return ""
+        try:
+            stdout = subprocess.check_output("oslevel", stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+            return ""
+        return self._to_str(stdout).strip()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _debian_version(self) -> str:
+        try:
+            with open(
+                os.path.join(self.etc_dir, "debian_version"), encoding="ascii"
+            ) as fp:
+                return fp.readline().rstrip()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            return ""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_uname_content(lines: Sequence[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        if not lines:
+            return {}
+        props = {}
+        match = re.search(r"^([^\s]+)\s+([\d\.]+)", lines[0].strip())
+        if match:
+            name, version = match.groups()
+
+            # This is to prevent the Linux kernel version from
+            # appearing as the 'best' version on otherwise
+            # identifiable distributions.
+            if name == "Linux":
+                return {}
+            props["id"] = name.lower()
+            props["name"] = name
+            props["release"] = version
+        return props
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _to_str(bytestring: bytes) -> str:
+        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+        return bytestring.decode(encoding)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _distro_release_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get the information items from the specified distro release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        if self.distro_release_file:
+            # If it was specified, we use it and parse what we can, even if
+            # its file name or content does not match the expected pattern.
+            distro_info = self._parse_distro_release_file(self.distro_release_file)
+            basename = os.path.basename(self.distro_release_file)
+            # The file name pattern for user-specified distro release files
+            # is somewhat more tolerant (compared to when searching for the
+            # file), because we want to use what was specified as best as
+            # possible.
+            match = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN.match(basename)
+        else:
+            try:
+                basenames = [
+                    basename
+                    for basename in os.listdir(self.etc_dir)
+                    if basename not in _DISTRO_RELEASE_IGNORE_BASENAMES
+                    and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(self.etc_dir, basename))
+                ]
+                # We sort for repeatability in cases where there are multiple
+                # distro specific files; e.g. CentOS, Oracle, Enterprise all
+                # containing `redhat-release` on top of their own.
+                basenames.sort()
+            except OSError:
+                # This may occur when /etc is not readable but we can't be
+                # sure about the *-release files. Check common entries of
+                # /etc for information. If they turn out to not be there the
+                # error is handled in `_parse_distro_release_file()`.
+                basenames = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAMES
+            for basename in basenames:
+                match = _DISTRO_RELEASE_BASENAME_PATTERN.match(basename)
+                if match is None:
+                    continue
+                filepath = os.path.join(self.etc_dir, basename)
+                distro_info = self._parse_distro_release_file(filepath)
+                # The name is always present if the pattern matches.
+                if "name" not in distro_info:
+                    continue
+                self.distro_release_file = filepath
+                break
+            else:  # the loop didn't "break": no candidate.
+                return {}
+
+        if match is not None:
+            distro_info["id"] = match.group(1)
+
+        # CloudLinux < 7: manually enrich info with proper id.
+        if "cloudlinux" in distro_info.get("name", "").lower():
+            distro_info["id"] = "cloudlinux"
+
+        return distro_info
+
+    def _parse_distro_release_file(self, filepath: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse a distro release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        * filepath: Path name of the distro release file.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        try:
+            with open(filepath, encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+                # Only parse the first line. For instance, on SLES there
+                # are multiple lines. We don't want them...
+                return self._parse_distro_release_content(fp.readline())
+        except OSError:
+            # Ignore not being able to read a specific, seemingly version
+            # related file.
+            # See https://github.com/python-distro/distro/issues/162
+            return {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_distro_release_content(line: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Parse a line from a distro release file.
+
+        Parameters:
+        * line: Line from the distro release file. Must be a unicode string
+                or a UTF-8 encoded byte string.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing all information items.
+        """
+        matches = _DISTRO_RELEASE_CONTENT_REVERSED_PATTERN.match(line.strip()[::-1])
+        distro_info = {}
+        if matches:
+            # regexp ensures non-None
+            distro_info["name"] = matches.group(3)[::-1]
+            if matches.group(2):
+                distro_info["version_id"] = matches.group(2)[::-1]
+            if matches.group(1):
+                distro_info["codename"] = matches.group(1)[::-1]
+        elif line:
+            distro_info["name"] = line.strip()
+        return distro_info
+
+
+_distro = LinuxDistribution()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout))
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="OS distro info tool")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--json", "-j", help="Output in machine readable format", action="store_true"
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--root-dir",
+        "-r",
+        type=str,
+        dest="root_dir",
+        help="Path to the root filesystem directory (defaults to /)",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.root_dir:
+        dist = LinuxDistribution(
+            include_lsb=False,
+            include_uname=False,
+            include_oslevel=False,
+            root_dir=args.root_dir,
+        )
+    else:
+        dist = _distro
+
+    if args.json:
+        logger.info(json.dumps(dist.info(), indent=4, sort_keys=True))
+    else:
+        logger.info("Name: %s", dist.name(pretty=True))
+        distribution_version = dist.version(pretty=True)
+        logger.info("Version: %s", distribution_version)
+        distribution_codename = dist.codename()
+        logger.info("Codename: %s", distribution_codename)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a40eeaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from .package_data import __version__
+from .core import (
+    IDNABidiError,
+    IDNAError,
+    InvalidCodepoint,
+    InvalidCodepointContext,
+    alabel,
+    check_bidi,
+    check_hyphen_ok,
+    check_initial_combiner,
+    check_label,
+    check_nfc,
+    decode,
+    encode,
+    ulabel,
+    uts46_remap,
+    valid_contextj,
+    valid_contexto,
+    valid_label_length,
+    valid_string_length,
+)
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+__all__ = [
+    "IDNABidiError",
+    "IDNAError",
+    "InvalidCodepoint",
+    "InvalidCodepointContext",
+    "alabel",
+    "check_bidi",
+    "check_hyphen_ok",
+    "check_initial_combiner",
+    "check_label",
+    "check_nfc",
+    "decode",
+    "encode",
+    "intranges_contain",
+    "ulabel",
+    "uts46_remap",
+    "valid_contextj",
+    "valid_contexto",
+    "valid_label_length",
+    "valid_string_length",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ca9ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/codec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+from .core import encode, decode, alabel, ulabel, IDNAError
+import codecs
+import re
+from typing import Tuple, Optional
+
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+
+    def encode(self, data: str, errors: str = 'strict') -> Tuple[bytes, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return b"", 0
+
+        return encode(data), len(data)
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, errors: str = 'strict') -> Tuple[str, int]:
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return '', 0
+
+        return decode(data), len(data)
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalEncoder):
+    def _buffer_encode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> Tuple[str, int]:  # type: ignore
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return "", 0
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(alabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        # Join with U+002E
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot  # type: ignore
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return result_str, size
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.BufferedIncrementalDecoder):
+    def _buffer_decode(self, data: str, errors: str, final: bool) -> Tuple[str, int]:  # type: ignore
+        if errors != 'strict':
+            raise IDNAError('Unsupported error handling \"{}\"'.format(errors))
+
+        if not data:
+            return ('', 0)
+
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(data)
+        trailing_dot = ''
+        if labels:
+            if not labels[-1]:
+                trailing_dot = '.'
+                del labels[-1]
+            elif not final:
+                # Keep potentially unfinished label until the next call
+                del labels[-1]
+                if labels:
+                    trailing_dot = '.'
+
+        result = []
+        size = 0
+        for label in labels:
+            result.append(ulabel(label))
+            if size:
+                size += 1
+            size += len(label)
+
+        result_str = '.'.join(result) + trailing_dot
+        size += len(trailing_dot)
+        return (result_str, size)
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+def getregentry() -> codecs.CodecInfo:
+    # Compatibility as a search_function for codecs.register()
+    return codecs.CodecInfo(
+        name='idna',
+        encode=Codec().encode,  # type: ignore
+        decode=Codec().decode,  # type: ignore
+        incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+        incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+        streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+        streamreader=StreamReader,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..786e6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from .core import *
+from .codec import *
+from typing import Any, Union
+
+def ToASCII(label: str) -> bytes:
+    return encode(label)
+
+def ToUnicode(label: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    return decode(label)
+
+def nameprep(s: Any) -> None:
+    raise NotImplementedError('IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol')
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aea17ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+from . import idnadata
+import bisect
+import unicodedata
+import re
+from typing import Union, Optional
+from .intranges import intranges_contain
+
+_virama_combining_class = 9
+_alabel_prefix = b'xn--'
+_unicode_dots_re = re.compile('[\u002e\u3002\uff0e\uff61]')
+
+class IDNAError(UnicodeError):
+    """ Base exception for all IDNA-encoding related problems """
+    pass
+
+
+class IDNABidiError(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when bidirectional requirements are not satisfied """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepoint(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when a disallowed or unallocated codepoint is used """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidCodepointContext(IDNAError):
+    """ Exception when the codepoint is not valid in the context it is used """
+    pass
+
+
+def _combining_class(cp: int) -> int:
+    v = unicodedata.combining(chr(cp))
+    if v == 0:
+        if not unicodedata.name(chr(cp)):
+            raise ValueError('Unknown character in unicodedata')
+    return v
+
+def _is_script(cp: str, script: str) -> bool:
+    return intranges_contain(ord(cp), idnadata.scripts[script])
+
+def _punycode(s: str) -> bytes:
+    return s.encode('punycode')
+
+def _unot(s: int) -> str:
+    return 'U+{:04X}'.format(s)
+
+
+def valid_label_length(label: Union[bytes, str]) -> bool:
+    if len(label) > 63:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def valid_string_length(label: Union[bytes, str], trailing_dot: bool) -> bool:
+    if len(label) > (254 if trailing_dot else 253):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def check_bidi(label: str, check_ltr: bool = False) -> bool:
+    # Bidi rules should only be applied if string contains RTL characters
+    bidi_label = False
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+        if direction == '':
+            # String likely comes from a newer version of Unicode
+            raise IDNABidiError('Unknown directionality in label {} at position {}'.format(repr(label), idx))
+        if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN']:
+            bidi_label = True
+    if not bidi_label and not check_ltr:
+        return True
+
+    # Bidi rule 1
+    direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(label[0])
+    if direction in ['R', 'AL']:
+        rtl = True
+    elif direction == 'L':
+        rtl = False
+    else:
+        raise IDNABidiError('First codepoint in label {} must be directionality L, R or AL'.format(repr(label)))
+
+    valid_ending = False
+    number_type = None  # type: Optional[str]
+    for (idx, cp) in enumerate(label, 1):
+        direction = unicodedata.bidirectional(cp)
+
+        if rtl:
+            # Bidi rule 2
+            if not direction in ['R', 'AL', 'AN', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a right-to-left label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 3
+            if direction in ['R', 'AL', 'EN', 'AN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+            # Bidi rule 4
+            if direction in ['AN', 'EN']:
+                if not number_type:
+                    number_type = direction
+                else:
+                    if number_type != direction:
+                        raise IDNABidiError('Can not mix numeral types in a right-to-left label')
+        else:
+            # Bidi rule 5
+            if not direction in ['L', 'EN', 'ES', 'CS', 'ET', 'ON', 'BN', 'NSM']:
+                raise IDNABidiError('Invalid direction for codepoint at position {} in a left-to-right label'.format(idx))
+            # Bidi rule 6
+            if direction in ['L', 'EN']:
+                valid_ending = True
+            elif direction != 'NSM':
+                valid_ending = False
+
+    if not valid_ending:
+        raise IDNABidiError('Label ends with illegal codepoint directionality')
+
+    return True
+
+
+def check_initial_combiner(label: str) -> bool:
+    if unicodedata.category(label[0])[0] == 'M':
+        raise IDNAError('Label begins with an illegal combining character')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_hyphen_ok(label: str) -> bool:
+    if label[2:4] == '--':
+        raise IDNAError('Label has disallowed hyphens in 3rd and 4th position')
+    if label[0] == '-' or label[-1] == '-':
+        raise IDNAError('Label must not start or end with a hyphen')
+    return True
+
+
+def check_nfc(label: str) -> None:
+    if unicodedata.normalize('NFC', label) != label:
+        raise IDNAError('Label must be in Normalization Form C')
+
+
+def valid_contextj(label: str, pos: int) -> bool:
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200c:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos-1, -1, -1):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            elif joining_type in [ord('L'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            else:
+                break
+
+        if not ok:
+            return False
+
+        ok = False
+        for i in range(pos+1, len(label)):
+            joining_type = idnadata.joining_types.get(ord(label[i]))
+            if joining_type == ord('T'):
+                continue
+            elif joining_type in [ord('R'), ord('D')]:
+                ok = True
+                break
+            else:
+                break
+        return ok
+
+    if cp_value == 0x200d:
+
+        if pos > 0:
+            if _combining_class(ord(label[pos - 1])) == _virama_combining_class:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    else:
+
+        return False
+
+
+def valid_contexto(label: str, pos: int, exception: bool = False) -> bool:
+    cp_value = ord(label[pos])
+
+    if cp_value == 0x00b7:
+        if 0 < pos < len(label)-1:
+            if ord(label[pos - 1]) == 0x006c and ord(label[pos + 1]) == 0x006c:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x0375:
+        if pos < len(label)-1 and len(label) > 1:
+            return _is_script(label[pos + 1], 'Greek')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x05f3 or cp_value == 0x05f4:
+        if pos > 0:
+            return _is_script(label[pos - 1], 'Hebrew')
+        return False
+
+    elif cp_value == 0x30fb:
+        for cp in label:
+            if cp == '\u30fb':
+                continue
+            if _is_script(cp, 'Hiragana') or _is_script(cp, 'Katakana') or _is_script(cp, 'Han'):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    elif 0x660 <= cp_value <= 0x669:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x6f0 <= ord(cp) <= 0x06f9:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    elif 0x6f0 <= cp_value <= 0x6f9:
+        for cp in label:
+            if 0x660 <= ord(cp) <= 0x0669:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def check_label(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> None:
+    if isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        label = label.decode('utf-8')
+    if len(label) == 0:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty Label')
+
+    check_nfc(label)
+    check_hyphen_ok(label)
+    check_initial_combiner(label)
+
+    for (pos, cp) in enumerate(label):
+        cp_value = ord(cp)
+        if intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['PVALID']):
+            continue
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTJ']):
+            if not valid_contextj(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Joiner {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                    _unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        elif intranges_contain(cp_value, idnadata.codepoint_classes['CONTEXTO']):
+            if not valid_contexto(label, pos):
+                raise InvalidCodepointContext('Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+        else:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint('Codepoint {} at position {} of {} not allowed'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
+
+    check_bidi(label)
+
+
+def alabel(label: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        ulabel(label_bytes)
+        if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+            raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+        return label_bytes
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        pass
+
+    if not label:
+        raise IDNAError('No Input')
+
+    label = str(label)
+    check_label(label)
+    label_bytes = _punycode(label)
+    label_bytes = _alabel_prefix + label_bytes
+
+    if not valid_label_length(label_bytes):
+        raise IDNAError('Label too long')
+
+    return label_bytes
+
+
+def ulabel(label: Union[str, bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
+    if not isinstance(label, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            label_bytes = label.encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            check_label(label)
+            return label
+    else:
+        label_bytes = label
+
+    label_bytes = label_bytes.lower()
+    if label_bytes.startswith(_alabel_prefix):
+        label_bytes = label_bytes[len(_alabel_prefix):]
+        if not label_bytes:
+            raise IDNAError('Malformed A-label, no Punycode eligible content found')
+        if label_bytes.decode('ascii')[-1] == '-':
+            raise IDNAError('A-label must not end with a hyphen')
+    else:
+        check_label(label_bytes)
+        return label_bytes.decode('ascii')
+
+    try:
+        label = label_bytes.decode('punycode')
+    except UnicodeError:
+        raise IDNAError('Invalid A-label')
+    check_label(label)
+    return label
+
+
+def uts46_remap(domain: str, std3_rules: bool = True, transitional: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Re-map the characters in the string according to UTS46 processing."""
+    from .uts46data import uts46data
+    output = ''
+
+    for pos, char in enumerate(domain):
+        code_point = ord(char)
+        try:
+            uts46row = uts46data[code_point if code_point < 256 else
+                bisect.bisect_left(uts46data, (code_point, 'Z')) - 1]
+            status = uts46row[1]
+            replacement = None  # type: Optional[str]
+            if len(uts46row) == 3:
+                replacement = uts46row[2]  # type: ignore
+            if (status == 'V' or
+                    (status == 'D' and not transitional) or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules and replacement is None)):
+                output += char
+            elif replacement is not None and (status == 'M' or
+                    (status == '3' and not std3_rules) or
+                    (status == 'D' and transitional)):
+                output += replacement
+            elif status != 'I':
+                raise IndexError()
+        except IndexError:
+            raise InvalidCodepoint(
+                'Codepoint {} not allowed at position {} in {}'.format(
+                _unot(code_point), pos + 1, repr(domain)))
+
+    return unicodedata.normalize('NFC', output)
+
+
+def encode(s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray], strict: bool = False, uts46: bool = False, std3_rules: bool = False, transitional: bool = False) -> bytes:
+    if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        try:
+            s = s.decode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            raise IDNAError('should pass a unicode string to the function rather than a byte string.')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, transitional)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if strict:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    else:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if labels[-1] == '':
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = alabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append(b'')
+    s = b'.'.join(result)
+    if not valid_string_length(s, trailing_dot):
+        raise IDNAError('Domain too long')
+    return s
+
+
+def decode(s: Union[str, bytes, bytearray], strict: bool = False, uts46: bool = False, std3_rules: bool = False) -> str:
+    try:
+        if isinstance(s, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            s = s.decode('ascii')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        raise IDNAError('Invalid ASCII in A-label')
+    if uts46:
+        s = uts46_remap(s, std3_rules, False)
+    trailing_dot = False
+    result = []
+    if not strict:
+        labels = _unicode_dots_re.split(s)
+    else:
+        labels = s.split('.')
+    if not labels or labels == ['']:
+        raise IDNAError('Empty domain')
+    if not labels[-1]:
+        del labels[-1]
+        trailing_dot = True
+    for label in labels:
+        s = ulabel(label)
+        if s:
+            result.append(s)
+        else:
+            raise IDNAError('Empty label')
+    if trailing_dot:
+        result.append('')
+    return '.'.join(result)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b5e02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/idnadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4246 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+
+__version__ = '15.0.0'
+scripts = {
+    'Greek': (
+        0x37000000374,
+        0x37500000378,
+        0x37a0000037e,
+        0x37f00000380,
+        0x38400000385,
+        0x38600000387,
+        0x3880000038b,
+        0x38c0000038d,
+        0x38e000003a2,
+        0x3a3000003e2,
+        0x3f000000400,
+        0x1d2600001d2b,
+        0x1d5d00001d62,
+        0x1d6600001d6b,
+        0x1dbf00001dc0,
+        0x1f0000001f16,
+        0x1f1800001f1e,
+        0x1f2000001f46,
+        0x1f4800001f4e,
+        0x1f5000001f58,
+        0x1f5900001f5a,
+        0x1f5b00001f5c,
+        0x1f5d00001f5e,
+        0x1f5f00001f7e,
+        0x1f8000001fb5,
+        0x1fb600001fc5,
+        0x1fc600001fd4,
+        0x1fd600001fdc,
+        0x1fdd00001ff0,
+        0x1ff200001ff5,
+        0x1ff600001fff,
+        0x212600002127,
+        0xab650000ab66,
+        0x101400001018f,
+        0x101a0000101a1,
+        0x1d2000001d246,
+    ),
+    'Han': (
+        0x2e8000002e9a,
+        0x2e9b00002ef4,
+        0x2f0000002fd6,
+        0x300500003006,
+        0x300700003008,
+        0x30210000302a,
+        0x30380000303c,
+        0x340000004dc0,
+        0x4e000000a000,
+        0xf9000000fa6e,
+        0xfa700000fada,
+        0x16fe200016fe4,
+        0x16ff000016ff2,
+        0x200000002a6e0,
+        0x2a7000002b73a,
+        0x2b7400002b81e,
+        0x2b8200002cea2,
+        0x2ceb00002ebe1,
+        0x2f8000002fa1e,
+        0x300000003134b,
+        0x31350000323b0,
+    ),
+    'Hebrew': (
+        0x591000005c8,
+        0x5d0000005eb,
+        0x5ef000005f5,
+        0xfb1d0000fb37,
+        0xfb380000fb3d,
+        0xfb3e0000fb3f,
+        0xfb400000fb42,
+        0xfb430000fb45,
+        0xfb460000fb50,
+    ),
+    'Hiragana': (
+        0x304100003097,
+        0x309d000030a0,
+        0x1b0010001b120,
+        0x1b1320001b133,
+        0x1b1500001b153,
+        0x1f2000001f201,
+    ),
+    'Katakana': (
+        0x30a1000030fb,
+        0x30fd00003100,
+        0x31f000003200,
+        0x32d0000032ff,
+        0x330000003358,
+        0xff660000ff70,
+        0xff710000ff9e,
+        0x1aff00001aff4,
+        0x1aff50001affc,
+        0x1affd0001afff,
+        0x1b0000001b001,
+        0x1b1200001b123,
+        0x1b1550001b156,
+        0x1b1640001b168,
+    ),
+}
+joining_types = {
+    0xad: 84,
+    0x300: 84,
+    0x301: 84,
+    0x302: 84,
+    0x303: 84,
+    0x304: 84,
+    0x305: 84,
+    0x306: 84,
+    0x307: 84,
+    0x308: 84,
+    0x309: 84,
+    0x30a: 84,
+    0x30b: 84,
+    0x30c: 84,
+    0x30d: 84,
+    0x30e: 84,
+    0x30f: 84,
+    0x310: 84,
+    0x311: 84,
+    0x312: 84,
+    0x313: 84,
+    0x314: 84,
+    0x315: 84,
+    0x316: 84,
+    0x317: 84,
+    0x318: 84,
+    0x319: 84,
+    0x31a: 84,
+    0x31b: 84,
+    0x31c: 84,
+    0x31d: 84,
+    0x31e: 84,
+    0x31f: 84,
+    0x320: 84,
+    0x321: 84,
+    0x322: 84,
+    0x323: 84,
+    0x324: 84,
+    0x325: 84,
+    0x326: 84,
+    0x327: 84,
+    0x328: 84,
+    0x329: 84,
+    0x32a: 84,
+    0x32b: 84,
+    0x32c: 84,
+    0x32d: 84,
+    0x32e: 84,
+    0x32f: 84,
+    0x330: 84,
+    0x331: 84,
+    0x332: 84,
+    0x333: 84,
+    0x334: 84,
+    0x335: 84,
+    0x336: 84,
+    0x337: 84,
+    0x338: 84,
+    0x339: 84,
+    0x33a: 84,
+    0x33b: 84,
+    0x33c: 84,
+    0x33d: 84,
+    0x33e: 84,
+    0x33f: 84,
+    0x340: 84,
+    0x341: 84,
+    0x342: 84,
+    0x343: 84,
+    0x344: 84,
+    0x345: 84,
+    0x346: 84,
+    0x347: 84,
+    0x348: 84,
+    0x349: 84,
+    0x34a: 84,
+    0x34b: 84,
+    0x34c: 84,
+    0x34d: 84,
+    0x34e: 84,
+    0x34f: 84,
+    0x350: 84,
+    0x351: 84,
+    0x352: 84,
+    0x353: 84,
+    0x354: 84,
+    0x355: 84,
+    0x356: 84,
+    0x357: 84,
+    0x358: 84,
+    0x359: 84,
+    0x35a: 84,
+    0x35b: 84,
+    0x35c: 84,
+    0x35d: 84,
+    0x35e: 84,
+    0x35f: 84,
+    0x360: 84,
+    0x361: 84,
+    0x362: 84,
+    0x363: 84,
+    0x364: 84,
+    0x365: 84,
+    0x366: 84,
+    0x367: 84,
+    0x368: 84,
+    0x369: 84,
+    0x36a: 84,
+    0x36b: 84,
+    0x36c: 84,
+    0x36d: 84,
+    0x36e: 84,
+    0x36f: 84,
+    0x483: 84,
+    0x484: 84,
+    0x485: 84,
+    0x486: 84,
+    0x487: 84,
+    0x488: 84,
+    0x489: 84,
+    0x591: 84,
+    0x592: 84,
+    0x593: 84,
+    0x594: 84,
+    0x595: 84,
+    0x596: 84,
+    0x597: 84,
+    0x598: 84,
+    0x599: 84,
+    0x59a: 84,
+    0x59b: 84,
+    0x59c: 84,
+    0x59d: 84,
+    0x59e: 84,
+    0x59f: 84,
+    0x5a0: 84,
+    0x5a1: 84,
+    0x5a2: 84,
+    0x5a3: 84,
+    0x5a4: 84,
+    0x5a5: 84,
+    0x5a6: 84,
+    0x5a7: 84,
+    0x5a8: 84,
+    0x5a9: 84,
+    0x5aa: 84,
+    0x5ab: 84,
+    0x5ac: 84,
+    0x5ad: 84,
+    0x5ae: 84,
+    0x5af: 84,
+    0x5b0: 84,
+    0x5b1: 84,
+    0x5b2: 84,
+    0x5b3: 84,
+    0x5b4: 84,
+    0x5b5: 84,
+    0x5b6: 84,
+    0x5b7: 84,
+    0x5b8: 84,
+    0x5b9: 84,
+    0x5ba: 84,
+    0x5bb: 84,
+    0x5bc: 84,
+    0x5bd: 84,
+    0x5bf: 84,
+    0x5c1: 84,
+    0x5c2: 84,
+    0x5c4: 84,
+    0x5c5: 84,
+    0x5c7: 84,
+    0x610: 84,
+    0x611: 84,
+    0x612: 84,
+    0x613: 84,
+    0x614: 84,
+    0x615: 84,
+    0x616: 84,
+    0x617: 84,
+    0x618: 84,
+    0x619: 84,
+    0x61a: 84,
+    0x61c: 84,
+    0x620: 68,
+    0x622: 82,
+    0x623: 82,
+    0x624: 82,
+    0x625: 82,
+    0x626: 68,
+    0x627: 82,
+    0x628: 68,
+    0x629: 82,
+    0x62a: 68,
+    0x62b: 68,
+    0x62c: 68,
+    0x62d: 68,
+    0x62e: 68,
+    0x62f: 82,
+    0x630: 82,
+    0x631: 82,
+    0x632: 82,
+    0x633: 68,
+    0x634: 68,
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+}
+codepoint_classes = {
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+        0x17a0000017b,
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+        0x1a1000001a2,
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+        0x22100000222,
+        0x22300000224,
+        0x22500000226,
+        0x22700000228,
+        0x2290000022a,
+        0x22b0000022c,
+        0x22d0000022e,
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a43b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/intranges.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""
+Given a list of integers, made up of (hopefully) a small number of long runs
+of consecutive integers, compute a representation of the form
+((start1, end1), (start2, end2) ...). Then answer the question "was x present
+in the original list?" in time O(log(# runs)).
+"""
+
+import bisect
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+def intranges_from_list(list_: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    """Represent a list of integers as a sequence of ranges:
+    ((start_0, end_0), (start_1, end_1), ...), such that the original
+    integers are exactly those x such that start_i <= x < end_i for some i.
+
+    Ranges are encoded as single integers (start << 32 | end), not as tuples.
+    """
+
+    sorted_list = sorted(list_)
+    ranges = []
+    last_write = -1
+    for i in range(len(sorted_list)):
+        if i+1 < len(sorted_list):
+            if sorted_list[i] == sorted_list[i+1]-1:
+                continue
+        current_range = sorted_list[last_write+1:i+1]
+        ranges.append(_encode_range(current_range[0], current_range[-1] + 1))
+        last_write = i
+
+    return tuple(ranges)
+
+def _encode_range(start: int, end: int) -> int:
+    return (start << 32) | end
+
+def _decode_range(r: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    return (r >> 32), (r & ((1 << 32) - 1))
+
+
+def intranges_contain(int_: int, ranges: Tuple[int, ...]) -> bool:
+    """Determine if `int_` falls into one of the ranges in `ranges`."""
+    tuple_ = _encode_range(int_, 0)
+    pos = bisect.bisect_left(ranges, tuple_)
+    # we could be immediately ahead of a tuple (start, end)
+    # with start < int_ <= end
+    if pos > 0:
+        left, right = _decode_range(ranges[pos-1])
+        if left <= int_ < right:
+            return True
+    # or we could be immediately behind a tuple (int_, end)
+    if pos < len(ranges):
+        left, _ = _decode_range(ranges[pos])
+        if left == int_:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8501893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/package_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+__version__ = '3.4'
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..186796c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/idna/uts46data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8600 @@
+# This file is automatically generated by tools/idna-data
+# vim: set fileencoding=utf-8 :
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+
+"""IDNA Mapping Table from UTS46."""
+
+
+__version__ = '15.0.0'
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+    + _seg_13()
+    + _seg_14()
+    + _seg_15()
+    + _seg_16()
+    + _seg_17()
+    + _seg_18()
+    + _seg_19()
+    + _seg_20()
+    + _seg_21()
+    + _seg_22()
+    + _seg_23()
+    + _seg_24()
+    + _seg_25()
+    + _seg_26()
+    + _seg_27()
+    + _seg_28()
+    + _seg_29()
+    + _seg_30()
+    + _seg_31()
+    + _seg_32()
+    + _seg_33()
+    + _seg_34()
+    + _seg_35()
+    + _seg_36()
+    + _seg_37()
+    + _seg_38()
+    + _seg_39()
+    + _seg_40()
+    + _seg_41()
+    + _seg_42()
+    + _seg_43()
+    + _seg_44()
+    + _seg_45()
+    + _seg_46()
+    + _seg_47()
+    + _seg_48()
+    + _seg_49()
+    + _seg_50()
+    + _seg_51()
+    + _seg_52()
+    + _seg_53()
+    + _seg_54()
+    + _seg_55()
+    + _seg_56()
+    + _seg_57()
+    + _seg_58()
+    + _seg_59()
+    + _seg_60()
+    + _seg_61()
+    + _seg_62()
+    + _seg_63()
+    + _seg_64()
+    + _seg_65()
+    + _seg_66()
+    + _seg_67()
+    + _seg_68()
+    + _seg_69()
+    + _seg_70()
+    + _seg_71()
+    + _seg_72()
+    + _seg_73()
+    + _seg_74()
+    + _seg_75()
+    + _seg_76()
+    + _seg_77()
+    + _seg_78()
+    + _seg_79()
+    + _seg_80()
+    + _seg_81()
+)  # type: Tuple[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[int, str, str]], ...]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1300b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from .exceptions import *
+from .ext import ExtType, Timestamp
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+version = (1, 0, 5)
+__version__ = "1.0.5"
+
+
+if os.environ.get("MSGPACK_PUREPYTHON") or sys.version_info[0] == 2:
+    from .fallback import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+else:
+    try:
+        from ._cmsgpack import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+    except ImportError:
+        from .fallback import Packer, unpackb, Unpacker
+
+
+def pack(o, stream, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pack object `o` and write it to `stream`
+
+    See :class:`Packer` for options.
+    """
+    packer = Packer(**kwargs)
+    stream.write(packer.pack(o))
+
+
+def packb(o, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Pack object `o` and return packed bytes
+
+    See :class:`Packer` for options.
+    """
+    return Packer(**kwargs).pack(o)
+
+
+def unpack(stream, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Unpack an object from `stream`.
+
+    Raises `ExtraData` when `stream` contains extra bytes.
+    See :class:`Unpacker` for options.
+    """
+    data = stream.read()
+    return unpackb(data, **kwargs)
+
+
+# alias for compatibility to simplejson/marshal/pickle.
+load = unpack
+loads = unpackb
+
+dump = pack
+dumps = packb
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/fallback.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__pycache__/fallback.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6d2615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+class UnpackException(Exception):
+    """Base class for some exceptions raised while unpacking.
+
+    NOTE: unpack may raise exception other than subclass of
+    UnpackException.  If you want to catch all error, catch
+    Exception instead.
+    """
+
+
+class BufferFull(UnpackException):
+    pass
+
+
+class OutOfData(UnpackException):
+    pass
+
+
+class FormatError(ValueError, UnpackException):
+    """Invalid msgpack format"""
+
+
+class StackError(ValueError, UnpackException):
+    """Too nested"""
+
+
+# Deprecated.  Use ValueError instead
+UnpackValueError = ValueError
+
+
+class ExtraData(UnpackValueError):
+    """ExtraData is raised when there is trailing data.
+
+    This exception is raised while only one-shot (not streaming)
+    unpack.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, unpacked, extra):
+        self.unpacked = unpacked
+        self.extra = extra
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "unpack(b) received extra data."
+
+
+# Deprecated.  Use Exception instead to catch all exception during packing.
+PackException = Exception
+PackValueError = ValueError
+PackOverflowError = OverflowError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23e0d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/ext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from collections import namedtuple
+import datetime
+import sys
+import struct
+
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+
+if PY2:
+    int_types = (int, long)
+    _utc = None
+else:
+    int_types = int
+    try:
+        _utc = datetime.timezone.utc
+    except AttributeError:
+        _utc = datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0))
+
+
+class ExtType(namedtuple("ExtType", "code data")):
+    """ExtType represents ext type in msgpack."""
+
+    def __new__(cls, code, data):
+        if not isinstance(code, int):
+            raise TypeError("code must be int")
+        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("data must be bytes")
+        if not 0 <= code <= 127:
+            raise ValueError("code must be 0~127")
+        return super(ExtType, cls).__new__(cls, code, data)
+
+
+class Timestamp(object):
+    """Timestamp represents the Timestamp extension type in msgpack.
+
+    When built with Cython, msgpack uses C methods to pack and unpack `Timestamp`. When using pure-Python
+    msgpack, :func:`to_bytes` and :func:`from_bytes` are used to pack and unpack `Timestamp`.
+
+    This class is immutable: Do not override seconds and nanoseconds.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["seconds", "nanoseconds"]
+
+    def __init__(self, seconds, nanoseconds=0):
+        """Initialize a Timestamp object.
+
+        :param int seconds:
+            Number of seconds since the UNIX epoch (00:00:00 UTC Jan 1 1970, minus leap seconds).
+            May be negative.
+
+        :param int nanoseconds:
+            Number of nanoseconds to add to `seconds` to get fractional time.
+            Maximum is 999_999_999.  Default is 0.
+
+        Note: Negative times (before the UNIX epoch) are represented as negative seconds + positive ns.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(seconds, int_types):
+            raise TypeError("seconds must be an integer")
+        if not isinstance(nanoseconds, int_types):
+            raise TypeError("nanoseconds must be an integer")
+        if not (0 <= nanoseconds < 10**9):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "nanoseconds must be a non-negative integer less than 999999999."
+            )
+        self.seconds = seconds
+        self.nanoseconds = nanoseconds
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """String representation of Timestamp."""
+        return "Timestamp(seconds={0}, nanoseconds={1})".format(
+            self.seconds, self.nanoseconds
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Check for equality with another Timestamp object"""
+        if type(other) is self.__class__:
+            return (
+                self.seconds == other.seconds and self.nanoseconds == other.nanoseconds
+            )
+        return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        """not-equals method (see :func:`__eq__()`)"""
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.seconds, self.nanoseconds))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(b):
+        """Unpack bytes into a `Timestamp` object.
+
+        Used for pure-Python msgpack unpacking.
+
+        :param b: Payload from msgpack ext message with code -1
+        :type b: bytes
+
+        :returns: Timestamp object unpacked from msgpack ext payload
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        if len(b) == 4:
+            seconds = struct.unpack("!L", b)[0]
+            nanoseconds = 0
+        elif len(b) == 8:
+            data64 = struct.unpack("!Q", b)[0]
+            seconds = data64 & 0x00000003FFFFFFFF
+            nanoseconds = data64 >> 34
+        elif len(b) == 12:
+            nanoseconds, seconds = struct.unpack("!Iq", b)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timestamp type can only be created from 32, 64, or 96-bit byte objects"
+            )
+        return Timestamp(seconds, nanoseconds)
+
+    def to_bytes(self):
+        """Pack this Timestamp object into bytes.
+
+        Used for pure-Python msgpack packing.
+
+        :returns data: Payload for EXT message with code -1 (timestamp type)
+        :rtype: bytes
+        """
+        if (self.seconds >> 34) == 0:  # seconds is non-negative and fits in 34 bits
+            data64 = self.nanoseconds << 34 | self.seconds
+            if data64 & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000 == 0:
+                # nanoseconds is zero and seconds < 2**32, so timestamp 32
+                data = struct.pack("!L", data64)
+            else:
+                # timestamp 64
+                data = struct.pack("!Q", data64)
+        else:
+            # timestamp 96
+            data = struct.pack("!Iq", self.nanoseconds, self.seconds)
+        return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_unix(unix_sec):
+        """Create a Timestamp from posix timestamp in seconds.
+
+        :param unix_float: Posix timestamp in seconds.
+        :type unix_float: int or float.
+        """
+        seconds = int(unix_sec // 1)
+        nanoseconds = int((unix_sec % 1) * 10**9)
+        return Timestamp(seconds, nanoseconds)
+
+    def to_unix(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a floating-point value.
+
+        :returns: posix timestamp
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+        return self.seconds + self.nanoseconds / 1e9
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_unix_nano(unix_ns):
+        """Create a Timestamp from posix timestamp in nanoseconds.
+
+        :param int unix_ns: Posix timestamp in nanoseconds.
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        return Timestamp(*divmod(unix_ns, 10**9))
+
+    def to_unix_nano(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a unixtime in nanoseconds.
+
+        :returns: posix timestamp in nanoseconds
+        :rtype: int
+        """
+        return self.seconds * 10**9 + self.nanoseconds
+
+    def to_datetime(self):
+        """Get the timestamp as a UTC datetime.
+
+        Python 2 is not supported.
+
+        :rtype: datetime.
+        """
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0, _utc) + datetime.timedelta(
+            seconds=self.to_unix()
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_datetime(dt):
+        """Create a Timestamp from datetime with tzinfo.
+
+        Python 2 is not supported.
+
+        :rtype: Timestamp
+        """
+        return Timestamp.from_unix(dt.timestamp())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8cebc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1010 @@
+"""Fallback pure Python implementation of msgpack"""
+from datetime import datetime as _DateTime
+import sys
+import struct
+
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+if PY2:
+    int_types = (int, long)
+
+    def dict_iteritems(d):
+        return d.iteritems()
+
+else:
+    int_types = int
+    unicode = str
+    xrange = range
+
+    def dict_iteritems(d):
+        return d.items()
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+    # Ugly hack...
+    RecursionError = RuntimeError
+
+    def _is_recursionerror(e):
+        return (
+            len(e.args) == 1
+            and isinstance(e.args[0], str)
+            and e.args[0].startswith("maximum recursion depth exceeded")
+        )
+
+else:
+
+    def _is_recursionerror(e):
+        return True
+
+
+if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
+    # StringIO is slow on PyPy, StringIO is faster.  However: PyPy's own
+    # StringBuilder is fastest.
+    from __pypy__ import newlist_hint
+
+    try:
+        from __pypy__.builders import BytesBuilder as StringBuilder
+    except ImportError:
+        from __pypy__.builders import StringBuilder
+    USING_STRINGBUILDER = True
+
+    class StringIO(object):
+        def __init__(self, s=b""):
+            if s:
+                self.builder = StringBuilder(len(s))
+                self.builder.append(s)
+            else:
+                self.builder = StringBuilder()
+
+        def write(self, s):
+            if isinstance(s, memoryview):
+                s = s.tobytes()
+            elif isinstance(s, bytearray):
+                s = bytes(s)
+            self.builder.append(s)
+
+        def getvalue(self):
+            return self.builder.build()
+
+else:
+    USING_STRINGBUILDER = False
+    from io import BytesIO as StringIO
+
+    newlist_hint = lambda size: []
+
+
+from .exceptions import BufferFull, OutOfData, ExtraData, FormatError, StackError
+
+from .ext import ExtType, Timestamp
+
+
+EX_SKIP = 0
+EX_CONSTRUCT = 1
+EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER = 2
+EX_READ_MAP_HEADER = 3
+
+TYPE_IMMEDIATE = 0
+TYPE_ARRAY = 1
+TYPE_MAP = 2
+TYPE_RAW = 3
+TYPE_BIN = 4
+TYPE_EXT = 5
+
+DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT = 511
+
+
+def _check_type_strict(obj, t, type=type, tuple=tuple):
+    if type(t) is tuple:
+        return type(obj) in t
+    else:
+        return type(obj) is t
+
+
+def _get_data_from_buffer(obj):
+    view = memoryview(obj)
+    if view.itemsize != 1:
+        raise ValueError("cannot unpack from multi-byte object")
+    return view
+
+
+def unpackb(packed, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Unpack an object from `packed`.
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``ValueError`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+
+    See :class:`Unpacker` for options.
+    """
+    unpacker = Unpacker(None, max_buffer_size=len(packed), **kwargs)
+    unpacker.feed(packed)
+    try:
+        ret = unpacker._unpack()
+    except OutOfData:
+        raise ValueError("Unpack failed: incomplete input")
+    except RecursionError as e:
+        if _is_recursionerror(e):
+            raise StackError
+        raise
+    if unpacker._got_extradata():
+        raise ExtraData(ret, unpacker._get_extradata())
+    return ret
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 6):
+
+    def _unpack_from(f, b, o=0):
+        """Explicit type cast for legacy struct.unpack_from"""
+        return struct.unpack_from(f, bytes(b), o)
+
+else:
+    _unpack_from = struct.unpack_from
+
+_NO_FORMAT_USED = ""
+_MSGPACK_HEADERS = {
+    0xC4: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED, TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC5: (2, ">H", TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC6: (4, ">I", TYPE_BIN),
+    0xC7: (2, "Bb", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xC8: (3, ">Hb", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xC9: (5, ">Ib", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xCA: (4, ">f"),
+    0xCB: (8, ">d"),
+    0xCC: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED),
+    0xCD: (2, ">H"),
+    0xCE: (4, ">I"),
+    0xCF: (8, ">Q"),
+    0xD0: (1, "b"),
+    0xD1: (2, ">h"),
+    0xD2: (4, ">i"),
+    0xD3: (8, ">q"),
+    0xD4: (1, "b1s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD5: (2, "b2s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD6: (4, "b4s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD7: (8, "b8s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD8: (16, "b16s", TYPE_EXT),
+    0xD9: (1, _NO_FORMAT_USED, TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDA: (2, ">H", TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDB: (4, ">I", TYPE_RAW),
+    0xDC: (2, ">H", TYPE_ARRAY),
+    0xDD: (4, ">I", TYPE_ARRAY),
+    0xDE: (2, ">H", TYPE_MAP),
+    0xDF: (4, ">I", TYPE_MAP),
+}
+
+
+class Unpacker(object):
+    """Streaming unpacker.
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    :param file_like:
+        File-like object having `.read(n)` method.
+        If specified, unpacker reads serialized data from it and :meth:`feed()` is not usable.
+
+    :param int read_size:
+        Used as `file_like.read(read_size)`. (default: `min(16*1024, max_buffer_size)`)
+
+    :param bool use_list:
+        If true, unpack msgpack array to Python list.
+        Otherwise, unpack to Python tuple. (default: True)
+
+    :param bool raw:
+        If true, unpack msgpack raw to Python bytes.
+        Otherwise, unpack to Python str by decoding with UTF-8 encoding (default).
+
+    :param int timestamp:
+        Control how timestamp type is unpacked:
+
+            0 - Timestamp
+            1 - float  (Seconds from the EPOCH)
+            2 - int  (Nanoseconds from the EPOCH)
+            3 - datetime.datetime  (UTC).  Python 2 is not supported.
+
+    :param bool strict_map_key:
+        If true (default), only str or bytes are accepted for map (dict) keys.
+
+    :param callable object_hook:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Unpacker calls it with a dict argument after unpacking msgpack map.
+        (See also simplejson)
+
+    :param callable object_pairs_hook:
+        When specified, it should be callable.
+        Unpacker calls it with a list of key-value pairs after unpacking msgpack map.
+        (See also simplejson)
+
+    :param str unicode_errors:
+        The error handler for decoding unicode. (default: 'strict')
+        This option should be used only when you have msgpack data which
+        contains invalid UTF-8 string.
+
+    :param int max_buffer_size:
+        Limits size of data waiting unpacked.  0 means 2**32-1.
+        The default value is 100*1024*1024 (100MiB).
+        Raises `BufferFull` exception when it is insufficient.
+        You should set this parameter when unpacking data from untrusted source.
+
+    :param int max_str_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max length of str. (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_bin_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max length of bin. (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_array_len:
+        Limits max length of array.
+        (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    :param int max_map_len:
+        Limits max length of map.
+        (default: max_buffer_size//2)
+
+    :param int max_ext_len:
+        Deprecated, use *max_buffer_size* instead.
+        Limits max size of ext type.  (default: max_buffer_size)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from file-like object::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker(file_like)
+        for o in unpacker:
+            process(o)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from socket::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker()
+        while True:
+            buf = sock.recv(1024**2)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            unpacker.feed(buf)
+            for o in unpacker:
+                process(o)
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``OutOfData`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_like=None,
+        read_size=0,
+        use_list=True,
+        raw=False,
+        timestamp=0,
+        strict_map_key=True,
+        object_hook=None,
+        object_pairs_hook=None,
+        list_hook=None,
+        unicode_errors=None,
+        max_buffer_size=100 * 1024 * 1024,
+        ext_hook=ExtType,
+        max_str_len=-1,
+        max_bin_len=-1,
+        max_array_len=-1,
+        max_map_len=-1,
+        max_ext_len=-1,
+    ):
+        if unicode_errors is None:
+            unicode_errors = "strict"
+
+        if file_like is None:
+            self._feeding = True
+        else:
+            if not callable(file_like.read):
+                raise TypeError("`file_like.read` must be callable")
+            self.file_like = file_like
+            self._feeding = False
+
+        #: array of bytes fed.
+        self._buffer = bytearray()
+        #: Which position we currently reads
+        self._buff_i = 0
+
+        # When Unpacker is used as an iterable, between the calls to next(),
+        # the buffer is not "consumed" completely, for efficiency sake.
+        # Instead, it is done sloppily.  To make sure we raise BufferFull at
+        # the correct moments, we have to keep track of how sloppy we were.
+        # Furthermore, when the buffer is incomplete (that is: in the case
+        # we raise an OutOfData) we need to rollback the buffer to the correct
+        # state, which _buf_checkpoint records.
+        self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        if not max_buffer_size:
+            max_buffer_size = 2**31 - 1
+        if max_str_len == -1:
+            max_str_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_bin_len == -1:
+            max_bin_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_array_len == -1:
+            max_array_len = max_buffer_size
+        if max_map_len == -1:
+            max_map_len = max_buffer_size // 2
+        if max_ext_len == -1:
+            max_ext_len = max_buffer_size
+
+        self._max_buffer_size = max_buffer_size
+        if read_size > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise ValueError("read_size must be smaller than max_buffer_size")
+        self._read_size = read_size or min(self._max_buffer_size, 16 * 1024)
+        self._raw = bool(raw)
+        self._strict_map_key = bool(strict_map_key)
+        self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors
+        self._use_list = use_list
+        if not (0 <= timestamp <= 3):
+            raise ValueError("timestamp must be 0..3")
+        self._timestamp = timestamp
+        self._list_hook = list_hook
+        self._object_hook = object_hook
+        self._object_pairs_hook = object_pairs_hook
+        self._ext_hook = ext_hook
+        self._max_str_len = max_str_len
+        self._max_bin_len = max_bin_len
+        self._max_array_len = max_array_len
+        self._max_map_len = max_map_len
+        self._max_ext_len = max_ext_len
+        self._stream_offset = 0
+
+        if list_hook is not None and not callable(list_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`list_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_hook is not None and not callable(object_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`object_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_pairs_hook is not None and not callable(object_pairs_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`object_pairs_hook` is not callable")
+        if object_hook is not None and object_pairs_hook is not None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "object_pairs_hook and object_hook are mutually " "exclusive"
+            )
+        if not callable(ext_hook):
+            raise TypeError("`ext_hook` is not callable")
+
+    def feed(self, next_bytes):
+        assert self._feeding
+        view = _get_data_from_buffer(next_bytes)
+        if len(self._buffer) - self._buff_i + len(view) > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise BufferFull
+
+        # Strip buffer before checkpoint before reading file.
+        if self._buf_checkpoint > 0:
+            del self._buffer[: self._buf_checkpoint]
+            self._buff_i -= self._buf_checkpoint
+            self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        # Use extend here: INPLACE_ADD += doesn't reliably typecast memoryview in jython
+        self._buffer.extend(view)
+
+    def _consume(self):
+        """Gets rid of the used parts of the buffer."""
+        self._stream_offset += self._buff_i - self._buf_checkpoint
+        self._buf_checkpoint = self._buff_i
+
+    def _got_extradata(self):
+        return self._buff_i < len(self._buffer)
+
+    def _get_extradata(self):
+        return self._buffer[self._buff_i :]
+
+    def read_bytes(self, n):
+        ret = self._read(n, raise_outofdata=False)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def _read(self, n, raise_outofdata=True):
+        # (int) -> bytearray
+        self._reserve(n, raise_outofdata=raise_outofdata)
+        i = self._buff_i
+        ret = self._buffer[i : i + n]
+        self._buff_i = i + len(ret)
+        return ret
+
+    def _reserve(self, n, raise_outofdata=True):
+        remain_bytes = len(self._buffer) - self._buff_i - n
+
+        # Fast path: buffer has n bytes already
+        if remain_bytes >= 0:
+            return
+
+        if self._feeding:
+            self._buff_i = self._buf_checkpoint
+            raise OutOfData
+
+        # Strip buffer before checkpoint before reading file.
+        if self._buf_checkpoint > 0:
+            del self._buffer[: self._buf_checkpoint]
+            self._buff_i -= self._buf_checkpoint
+            self._buf_checkpoint = 0
+
+        # Read from file
+        remain_bytes = -remain_bytes
+        if remain_bytes + len(self._buffer) > self._max_buffer_size:
+            raise BufferFull
+        while remain_bytes > 0:
+            to_read_bytes = max(self._read_size, remain_bytes)
+            read_data = self.file_like.read(to_read_bytes)
+            if not read_data:
+                break
+            assert isinstance(read_data, bytes)
+            self._buffer += read_data
+            remain_bytes -= len(read_data)
+
+        if len(self._buffer) < n + self._buff_i and raise_outofdata:
+            self._buff_i = 0  # rollback
+            raise OutOfData
+
+    def _read_header(self):
+        typ = TYPE_IMMEDIATE
+        n = 0
+        obj = None
+        self._reserve(1)
+        b = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+        self._buff_i += 1
+        if b & 0b10000000 == 0:
+            obj = b
+        elif b & 0b11100000 == 0b11100000:
+            obj = -1 - (b ^ 0xFF)
+        elif b & 0b11100000 == 0b10100000:
+            n = b & 0b00011111
+            typ = TYPE_RAW
+            if n > self._max_str_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_str_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_str_len))
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif b & 0b11110000 == 0b10010000:
+            n = b & 0b00001111
+            typ = TYPE_ARRAY
+            if n > self._max_array_len:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s exceeds max_array_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_array_len)
+                )
+        elif b & 0b11110000 == 0b10000000:
+            n = b & 0b00001111
+            typ = TYPE_MAP
+            if n > self._max_map_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_map_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_map_len))
+        elif b == 0xC0:
+            obj = None
+        elif b == 0xC2:
+            obj = False
+        elif b == 0xC3:
+            obj = True
+        elif 0xC4 <= b <= 0xC6:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                n = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)[0]
+            else:
+                n = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_bin_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_bin_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_bin_len))
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif 0xC7 <= b <= 0xC9:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            L, n = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if L > self._max_ext_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_ext_len(%s)" % (L, self._max_ext_len))
+            obj = self._read(L)
+        elif 0xCA <= b <= 0xD3:
+            size, fmt = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                obj = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)[0]
+            else:
+                obj = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+        elif 0xD4 <= b <= 0xD8:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            if self._max_ext_len < size:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s exceeds max_ext_len(%s)" % (size, self._max_ext_len)
+                )
+            self._reserve(size + 1)
+            n, obj = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size + 1
+        elif 0xD9 <= b <= 0xDB:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            if len(fmt) > 0:
+                (n,) = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            else:
+                n = self._buffer[self._buff_i]
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_str_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_str_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_str_len))
+            obj = self._read(n)
+        elif 0xDC <= b <= 0xDD:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            (n,) = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_array_len:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "%s exceeds max_array_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_array_len)
+                )
+        elif 0xDE <= b <= 0xDF:
+            size, fmt, typ = _MSGPACK_HEADERS[b]
+            self._reserve(size)
+            (n,) = _unpack_from(fmt, self._buffer, self._buff_i)
+            self._buff_i += size
+            if n > self._max_map_len:
+                raise ValueError("%s exceeds max_map_len(%s)" % (n, self._max_map_len))
+        else:
+            raise FormatError("Unknown header: 0x%x" % b)
+        return typ, n, obj
+
+    def _unpack(self, execute=EX_CONSTRUCT):
+        typ, n, obj = self._read_header()
+
+        if execute == EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER:
+            if typ != TYPE_ARRAY:
+                raise ValueError("Expected array")
+            return n
+        if execute == EX_READ_MAP_HEADER:
+            if typ != TYPE_MAP:
+                raise ValueError("Expected map")
+            return n
+        # TODO should we eliminate the recursion?
+        if typ == TYPE_ARRAY:
+            if execute == EX_SKIP:
+                for i in xrange(n):
+                    # TODO check whether we need to call `list_hook`
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                return
+            ret = newlist_hint(n)
+            for i in xrange(n):
+                ret.append(self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT))
+            if self._list_hook is not None:
+                ret = self._list_hook(ret)
+            # TODO is the interaction between `list_hook` and `use_list` ok?
+            return ret if self._use_list else tuple(ret)
+        if typ == TYPE_MAP:
+            if execute == EX_SKIP:
+                for i in xrange(n):
+                    # TODO check whether we need to call hooks
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                    self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+                return
+            if self._object_pairs_hook is not None:
+                ret = self._object_pairs_hook(
+                    (self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT), self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT))
+                    for _ in xrange(n)
+                )
+            else:
+                ret = {}
+                for _ in xrange(n):
+                    key = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                    if self._strict_map_key and type(key) not in (unicode, bytes):
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "%s is not allowed for map key" % str(type(key))
+                        )
+                    if not PY2 and type(key) is str:
+                        key = sys.intern(key)
+                    ret[key] = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+                if self._object_hook is not None:
+                    ret = self._object_hook(ret)
+            return ret
+        if execute == EX_SKIP:
+            return
+        if typ == TYPE_RAW:
+            if self._raw:
+                obj = bytes(obj)
+            else:
+                obj = obj.decode("utf_8", self._unicode_errors)
+            return obj
+        if typ == TYPE_BIN:
+            return bytes(obj)
+        if typ == TYPE_EXT:
+            if n == -1:  # timestamp
+                ts = Timestamp.from_bytes(bytes(obj))
+                if self._timestamp == 1:
+                    return ts.to_unix()
+                elif self._timestamp == 2:
+                    return ts.to_unix_nano()
+                elif self._timestamp == 3:
+                    return ts.to_datetime()
+                else:
+                    return ts
+            else:
+                return self._ext_hook(n, bytes(obj))
+        assert typ == TYPE_IMMEDIATE
+        return obj
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        try:
+            ret = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+            self._consume()
+            return ret
+        except OutOfData:
+            self._consume()
+            raise StopIteration
+        except RecursionError:
+            raise StackError
+
+    next = __next__
+
+    def skip(self):
+        self._unpack(EX_SKIP)
+        self._consume()
+
+    def unpack(self):
+        try:
+            ret = self._unpack(EX_CONSTRUCT)
+        except RecursionError:
+            raise StackError
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def read_array_header(self):
+        ret = self._unpack(EX_READ_ARRAY_HEADER)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def read_map_header(self):
+        ret = self._unpack(EX_READ_MAP_HEADER)
+        self._consume()
+        return ret
+
+    def tell(self):
+        return self._stream_offset
+
+
+class Packer(object):
+    """
+    MessagePack Packer
+
+    Usage::
+
+        packer = Packer()
+        astream.write(packer.pack(a))
+        astream.write(packer.pack(b))
+
+    Packer's constructor has some keyword arguments:
+
+    :param callable default:
+        Convert user type to builtin type that Packer supports.
+        See also simplejson's document.
+
+    :param bool use_single_float:
+        Use single precision float type for float. (default: False)
+
+    :param bool autoreset:
+        Reset buffer after each pack and return its content as `bytes`. (default: True).
+        If set this to false, use `bytes()` to get content and `.reset()` to clear buffer.
+
+    :param bool use_bin_type:
+        Use bin type introduced in msgpack spec 2.0 for bytes.
+        It also enables str8 type for unicode. (default: True)
+
+    :param bool strict_types:
+        If set to true, types will be checked to be exact. Derived classes
+        from serializable types will not be serialized and will be
+        treated as unsupported type and forwarded to default.
+        Additionally tuples will not be serialized as lists.
+        This is useful when trying to implement accurate serialization
+        for python types.
+
+    :param bool datetime:
+        If set to true, datetime with tzinfo is packed into Timestamp type.
+        Note that the tzinfo is stripped in the timestamp.
+        You can get UTC datetime with `timestamp=3` option of the Unpacker.
+        (Python 2 is not supported).
+
+    :param str unicode_errors:
+        The error handler for encoding unicode. (default: 'strict')
+        DO NOT USE THIS!!  This option is kept for very specific usage.
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from file-like object::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker(file_like)
+        for o in unpacker:
+            process(o)
+
+    Example of streaming deserialize from socket::
+
+        unpacker = Unpacker()
+        while True:
+            buf = sock.recv(1024**2)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            unpacker.feed(buf)
+            for o in unpacker:
+                process(o)
+
+    Raises ``ExtraData`` when *packed* contains extra bytes.
+    Raises ``OutOfData`` when *packed* is incomplete.
+    Raises ``FormatError`` when *packed* is not valid msgpack.
+    Raises ``StackError`` when *packed* contains too nested.
+    Other exceptions can be raised during unpacking.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default=None,
+        use_single_float=False,
+        autoreset=True,
+        use_bin_type=True,
+        strict_types=False,
+        datetime=False,
+        unicode_errors=None,
+    ):
+        self._strict_types = strict_types
+        self._use_float = use_single_float
+        self._autoreset = autoreset
+        self._use_bin_type = use_bin_type
+        self._buffer = StringIO()
+        if PY2 and datetime:
+            raise ValueError("datetime is not supported in Python 2")
+        self._datetime = bool(datetime)
+        self._unicode_errors = unicode_errors or "strict"
+        if default is not None:
+            if not callable(default):
+                raise TypeError("default must be callable")
+        self._default = default
+
+    def _pack(
+        self,
+        obj,
+        nest_limit=DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT,
+        check=isinstance,
+        check_type_strict=_check_type_strict,
+    ):
+        default_used = False
+        if self._strict_types:
+            check = check_type_strict
+            list_types = list
+        else:
+            list_types = (list, tuple)
+        while True:
+            if nest_limit < 0:
+                raise ValueError("recursion limit exceeded")
+            if obj is None:
+                return self._buffer.write(b"\xc0")
+            if check(obj, bool):
+                if obj:
+                    return self._buffer.write(b"\xc3")
+                return self._buffer.write(b"\xc2")
+            if check(obj, int_types):
+                if 0 <= obj < 0x80:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", obj))
+                if -0x20 <= obj < 0:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("b", obj))
+                if 0x80 <= obj <= 0xFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("BB", 0xCC, obj))
+                if -0x80 <= obj < 0:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bb", 0xD0, obj))
+                if 0xFF < obj <= 0xFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xCD, obj))
+                if -0x8000 <= obj < -0x80:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bh", 0xD1, obj))
+                if 0xFFFF < obj <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xCE, obj))
+                if -0x80000000 <= obj < -0x8000:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bi", 0xD2, obj))
+                if 0xFFFFFFFF < obj <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BQ", 0xCF, obj))
+                if -0x8000000000000000 <= obj < -0x80000000:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bq", 0xD3, obj))
+                if not default_used and self._default is not None:
+                    obj = self._default(obj)
+                    default_used = True
+                    continue
+                raise OverflowError("Integer value out of range")
+            if check(obj, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                n = len(obj)
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("%s is too large" % type(obj).__name__)
+                self._pack_bin_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, unicode):
+                obj = obj.encode("utf-8", self._unicode_errors)
+                n = len(obj)
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("String is too large")
+                self._pack_raw_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, memoryview):
+                n = obj.nbytes
+                if n >= 2**32:
+                    raise ValueError("Memoryview is too large")
+                self._pack_bin_header(n)
+                return self._buffer.write(obj)
+            if check(obj, float):
+                if self._use_float:
+                    return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bf", 0xCA, obj))
+                return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">Bd", 0xCB, obj))
+            if check(obj, (ExtType, Timestamp)):
+                if check(obj, Timestamp):
+                    code = -1
+                    data = obj.to_bytes()
+                else:
+                    code = obj.code
+                    data = obj.data
+                assert isinstance(code, int)
+                assert isinstance(data, bytes)
+                L = len(data)
+                if L == 1:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd4")
+                elif L == 2:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd5")
+                elif L == 4:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd6")
+                elif L == 8:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd7")
+                elif L == 16:
+                    self._buffer.write(b"\xd8")
+                elif L <= 0xFF:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xC7, L))
+                elif L <= 0xFFFF:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xC8, L))
+                else:
+                    self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xC9, L))
+                self._buffer.write(struct.pack("b", code))
+                self._buffer.write(data)
+                return
+            if check(obj, list_types):
+                n = len(obj)
+                self._pack_array_header(n)
+                for i in xrange(n):
+                    self._pack(obj[i], nest_limit - 1)
+                return
+            if check(obj, dict):
+                return self._pack_map_pairs(
+                    len(obj), dict_iteritems(obj), nest_limit - 1
+                )
+
+            if self._datetime and check(obj, _DateTime) and obj.tzinfo is not None:
+                obj = Timestamp.from_datetime(obj)
+                default_used = 1
+                continue
+
+            if not default_used and self._default is not None:
+                obj = self._default(obj)
+                default_used = 1
+                continue
+
+            if self._datetime and check(obj, _DateTime):
+                raise ValueError("Cannot serialize %r where tzinfo=None" % (obj,))
+
+            raise TypeError("Cannot serialize %r" % (obj,))
+
+    def pack(self, obj):
+        try:
+            self._pack(obj)
+        except:
+            self._buffer = StringIO()  # force reset
+            raise
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_map_pairs(self, pairs):
+        self._pack_map_pairs(len(pairs), pairs)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_array_header(self, n):
+        if n >= 2**32:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._pack_array_header(n)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_map_header(self, n):
+        if n >= 2**32:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._pack_map_header(n)
+        if self._autoreset:
+            ret = self._buffer.getvalue()
+            self._buffer = StringIO()
+            return ret
+
+    def pack_ext_type(self, typecode, data):
+        if not isinstance(typecode, int):
+            raise TypeError("typecode must have int type.")
+        if not 0 <= typecode <= 127:
+            raise ValueError("typecode should be 0-127")
+        if not isinstance(data, bytes):
+            raise TypeError("data must have bytes type")
+        L = len(data)
+        if L > 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            raise ValueError("Too large data")
+        if L == 1:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd4")
+        elif L == 2:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd5")
+        elif L == 4:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd6")
+        elif L == 8:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd7")
+        elif L == 16:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xd8")
+        elif L <= 0xFF:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc7" + struct.pack("B", L))
+        elif L <= 0xFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc8" + struct.pack(">H", L))
+        else:
+            self._buffer.write(b"\xc9" + struct.pack(">I", L))
+        self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", typecode))
+        self._buffer.write(data)
+
+    def _pack_array_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x0F:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0x90 + n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDC, n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDD, n))
+        raise ValueError("Array is too large")
+
+    def _pack_map_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x0F:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0x80 + n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDE, n))
+        if n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDF, n))
+        raise ValueError("Dict is too large")
+
+    def _pack_map_pairs(self, n, pairs, nest_limit=DEFAULT_RECURSE_LIMIT):
+        self._pack_map_header(n)
+        for (k, v) in pairs:
+            self._pack(k, nest_limit - 1)
+            self._pack(v, nest_limit - 1)
+
+    def _pack_raw_header(self, n):
+        if n <= 0x1F:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack("B", 0xA0 + n))
+        elif self._use_bin_type and n <= 0xFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xD9, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xDA, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xDB, n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Raw is too large")
+
+    def _pack_bin_header(self, n):
+        if not self._use_bin_type:
+            return self._pack_raw_header(n)
+        elif n <= 0xFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BB", 0xC4, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BH", 0xC5, n))
+        elif n <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            return self._buffer.write(struct.pack(">BI", 0xC6, n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Bin is too large")
+
+    def bytes(self):
+        """Return internal buffer contents as bytes object"""
+        return self._buffer.getvalue()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Reset internal buffer.
+
+        This method is useful only when autoreset=False.
+        """
+        self._buffer = StringIO()
+
+    def getbuffer(self):
+        """Return view of internal buffer."""
+        if USING_STRINGBUILDER or PY2:
+            return memoryview(self.bytes())
+        else:
+            return self._buffer.getbuffer()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3551bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__about__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__title__",
+    "__summary__",
+    "__uri__",
+    "__version__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+]
+
+__title__ = "packaging"
+__summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages"
+__uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging"
+
+__version__ = "21.3"
+
+__author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors"
+__email__ = "donald@stufft.io"
+
+__license__ = "BSD-2-Clause or Apache-2.0"
+__copyright__ = "2014-2019 %s" % __author__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c50c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+from .__about__ import (
+    __author__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __email__,
+    __license__,
+    __summary__,
+    __title__,
+    __uri__,
+    __version__,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__title__",
+    "__summary__",
+    "__uri__",
+    "__version__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__email__",
+    "__license__",
+    "__copyright__",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c379aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_manylinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+import collections
+import functools
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import IO, Dict, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+# Python does not provide platform information at sufficient granularity to
+# identify the architecture of the running executable in some cases, so we
+# determine it dynamically by reading the information from the running
+# process. This only applies on Linux, which uses the ELF format.
+class _ELFFileHeader:
+    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format#File_header
+    class _InvalidELFFileHeader(ValueError):
+        """
+        An invalid ELF file header was found.
+        """
+
+    ELF_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x7F454C46
+    ELFCLASS32 = 1
+    ELFCLASS64 = 2
+    ELFDATA2LSB = 1
+    ELFDATA2MSB = 2
+    EM_386 = 3
+    EM_S390 = 22
+    EM_ARM = 40
+    EM_X86_64 = 62
+    EF_ARM_ABIMASK = 0xFF000000
+    EF_ARM_ABI_VER5 = 0x05000000
+    EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD = 0x00000400
+
+    def __init__(self, file: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        def unpack(fmt: str) -> int:
+            try:
+                data = file.read(struct.calcsize(fmt))
+                result: Tuple[int, ...] = struct.unpack(fmt, data)
+            except struct.error:
+                raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+            return result[0]
+
+        self.e_ident_magic = unpack(">I")
+        if self.e_ident_magic != self.ELF_MAGIC_NUMBER:
+            raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+        self.e_ident_class = unpack("B")
+        if self.e_ident_class not in {self.ELFCLASS32, self.ELFCLASS64}:
+            raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+        self.e_ident_data = unpack("B")
+        if self.e_ident_data not in {self.ELFDATA2LSB, self.ELFDATA2MSB}:
+            raise _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader()
+        self.e_ident_version = unpack("B")
+        self.e_ident_osabi = unpack("B")
+        self.e_ident_abiversion = unpack("B")
+        self.e_ident_pad = file.read(7)
+        format_h = "<H" if self.e_ident_data == self.ELFDATA2LSB else ">H"
+        format_i = "<I" if self.e_ident_data == self.ELFDATA2LSB else ">I"
+        format_q = "<Q" if self.e_ident_data == self.ELFDATA2LSB else ">Q"
+        format_p = format_i if self.e_ident_class == self.ELFCLASS32 else format_q
+        self.e_type = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_machine = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_version = unpack(format_i)
+        self.e_entry = unpack(format_p)
+        self.e_phoff = unpack(format_p)
+        self.e_shoff = unpack(format_p)
+        self.e_flags = unpack(format_i)
+        self.e_ehsize = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_phentsize = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_phnum = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_shentsize = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_shnum = unpack(format_h)
+        self.e_shstrndx = unpack(format_h)
+
+
+def _get_elf_header() -> Optional[_ELFFileHeader]:
+    try:
+        with open(sys.executable, "rb") as f:
+            elf_header = _ELFFileHeader(f)
+    except (OSError, TypeError, _ELFFileHeader._InvalidELFFileHeader):
+        return None
+    return elf_header
+
+
+def _is_linux_armhf() -> bool:
+    # hard-float ABI can be detected from the ELF header of the running
+    # process
+    # https://static.docs.arm.com/ihi0044/g/aaelf32.pdf
+    elf_header = _get_elf_header()
+    if elf_header is None:
+        return False
+    result = elf_header.e_ident_class == elf_header.ELFCLASS32
+    result &= elf_header.e_ident_data == elf_header.ELFDATA2LSB
+    result &= elf_header.e_machine == elf_header.EM_ARM
+    result &= (
+        elf_header.e_flags & elf_header.EF_ARM_ABIMASK
+    ) == elf_header.EF_ARM_ABI_VER5
+    result &= (
+        elf_header.e_flags & elf_header.EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD
+    ) == elf_header.EF_ARM_ABI_FLOAT_HARD
+    return result
+
+
+def _is_linux_i686() -> bool:
+    elf_header = _get_elf_header()
+    if elf_header is None:
+        return False
+    result = elf_header.e_ident_class == elf_header.ELFCLASS32
+    result &= elf_header.e_ident_data == elf_header.ELFDATA2LSB
+    result &= elf_header.e_machine == elf_header.EM_386
+    return result
+
+
+def _have_compatible_abi(arch: str) -> bool:
+    if arch == "armv7l":
+        return _is_linux_armhf()
+    if arch == "i686":
+        return _is_linux_i686()
+    return arch in {"x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64", "ppc64le", "s390x"}
+
+
+# If glibc ever changes its major version, we need to know what the last
+# minor version was, so we can build the complete list of all versions.
+# For now, guess what the highest minor version might be, assume it will
+# be 50 for testing. Once this actually happens, update the dictionary
+# with the actual value.
+_LAST_GLIBC_MINOR: Dict[int, int] = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 50)
+
+
+class _GLibCVersion(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string_confstr() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Primary implementation of glibc_version_string using os.confstr.
+    """
+    # os.confstr is quite a bit faster than ctypes.DLL. It's also less likely
+    # to be broken or missing. This strategy is used in the standard library
+    # platform module.
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
+    try:
+        # os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION") returns a string like "glibc 2.17".
+        version_string = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        assert version_string is not None
+        _, version = version_string.split()
+    except (AssertionError, AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
+        # os.confstr() or CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION not available (or a bad value)...
+        return None
+    return version
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string_ctypes() -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Fallback implementation of glibc_version_string using ctypes.
+    """
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+    except ImportError:
+        return None
+
+    # ctypes.CDLL(None) internally calls dlopen(NULL), and as the dlopen
+    # manpage says, "If filename is NULL, then the returned handle is for the
+    # main program". This way we can let the linker do the work to figure out
+    # which libc our process is actually using.
+    #
+    # We must also handle the special case where the executable is not a
+    # dynamically linked executable. This can occur when using musl libc,
+    # for example. In this situation, dlopen() will error, leading to an
+    # OSError. Interestingly, at least in the case of musl, there is no
+    # errno set on the OSError. The single string argument used to construct
+    # OSError comes from libc itself and is therefore not portable to
+    # hard code here. In any case, failure to call dlopen() means we
+    # can proceed, so we bail on our attempt.
+    try:
+        process_namespace = ctypes.CDLL(None)
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+    try:
+        gnu_get_libc_version = process_namespace.gnu_get_libc_version
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Symbol doesn't exist -> therefore, we are not linked to
+        # glibc.
+        return None
+
+    # Call gnu_get_libc_version, which returns a string like "2.5"
+    gnu_get_libc_version.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+    version_str: str = gnu_get_libc_version()
+    # py2 / py3 compatibility:
+    if not isinstance(version_str, str):
+        version_str = version_str.decode("ascii")
+
+    return version_str
+
+
+def _glibc_version_string() -> Optional[str]:
+    """Returns glibc version string, or None if not using glibc."""
+    return _glibc_version_string_confstr() or _glibc_version_string_ctypes()
+
+
+def _parse_glibc_version(version_str: str) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    """Parse glibc version.
+
+    We use a regexp instead of str.split because we want to discard any
+    random junk that might come after the minor version -- this might happen
+    in patched/forked versions of glibc (e.g. Linaro's version of glibc
+    uses version strings like "2.20-2014.11"). See gh-3588.
+    """
+    m = re.match(r"(?P<major>[0-9]+)\.(?P<minor>[0-9]+)", version_str)
+    if not m:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Expected glibc version with 2 components major.minor,"
+            " got: %s" % version_str,
+            RuntimeWarning,
+        )
+        return -1, -1
+    return int(m.group("major")), int(m.group("minor"))
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def _get_glibc_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    version_str = _glibc_version_string()
+    if version_str is None:
+        return (-1, -1)
+    return _parse_glibc_version(version_str)
+
+
+# From PEP 513, PEP 600
+def _is_compatible(name: str, arch: str, version: _GLibCVersion) -> bool:
+    sys_glibc = _get_glibc_version()
+    if sys_glibc < version:
+        return False
+    # Check for presence of _manylinux module.
+    try:
+        import _manylinux  # noqa
+    except ImportError:
+        return True
+    if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux_compatible"):
+        result = _manylinux.manylinux_compatible(version[0], version[1], arch)
+        if result is not None:
+            return bool(result)
+        return True
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 5):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux1_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux1_compatible)
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 12):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux2010_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux2010_compatible)
+    if version == _GLibCVersion(2, 17):
+        if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux2014_compatible"):
+            return bool(_manylinux.manylinux2014_compatible)
+    return True
+
+
+_LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP = {
+    # CentOS 7 w/ glibc 2.17 (PEP 599)
+    (2, 17): "manylinux2014",
+    # CentOS 6 w/ glibc 2.12 (PEP 571)
+    (2, 12): "manylinux2010",
+    # CentOS 5 w/ glibc 2.5 (PEP 513)
+    (2, 5): "manylinux1",
+}
+
+
+def platform_tags(linux: str, arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    if not _have_compatible_abi(arch):
+        return
+    # Oldest glibc to be supported regardless of architecture is (2, 17).
+    too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 16)
+    if arch in {"x86_64", "i686"}:
+        # On x86/i686 also oldest glibc to be supported is (2, 5).
+        too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 4)
+    current_glibc = _GLibCVersion(*_get_glibc_version())
+    glibc_max_list = [current_glibc]
+    # We can assume compatibility across glibc major versions.
+    # https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=24636
+    #
+    # Build a list of maximum glibc versions so that we can
+    # output the canonical list of all glibc from current_glibc
+    # down to too_old_glibc2, including all intermediary versions.
+    for glibc_major in range(current_glibc.major - 1, 1, -1):
+        glibc_minor = _LAST_GLIBC_MINOR[glibc_major]
+        glibc_max_list.append(_GLibCVersion(glibc_major, glibc_minor))
+    for glibc_max in glibc_max_list:
+        if glibc_max.major == too_old_glibc2.major:
+            min_minor = too_old_glibc2.minor
+        else:
+            # For other glibc major versions oldest supported is (x, 0).
+            min_minor = -1
+        for glibc_minor in range(glibc_max.minor, min_minor, -1):
+            glibc_version = _GLibCVersion(glibc_max.major, glibc_minor)
+            tag = "manylinux_{}_{}".format(*glibc_version)
+            if _is_compatible(tag, arch, glibc_version):
+                yield linux.replace("linux", tag)
+            # Handle the legacy manylinux1, manylinux2010, manylinux2014 tags.
+            if glibc_version in _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP:
+                legacy_tag = _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP[glibc_version]
+                if _is_compatible(legacy_tag, arch, glibc_version):
+                    yield linux.replace("linux", legacy_tag)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ac3059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_musllinux.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""PEP 656 support.
+
+This module implements logic to detect if the currently running Python is
+linked against musl, and what musl version is used.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import operator
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import IO, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def _read_unpacked(f: IO[bytes], fmt: str) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    return struct.unpack(fmt, f.read(struct.calcsize(fmt)))
+
+
+def _parse_ld_musl_from_elf(f: IO[bytes]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Detect musl libc location by parsing the Python executable.
+
+    Based on: https://gist.github.com/lyssdod/f51579ae8d93c8657a5564aefc2ffbca
+    ELF header: https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/elf/gabi4+/ch4.eheader.html
+    """
+    f.seek(0)
+    try:
+        ident = _read_unpacked(f, "16B")
+    except struct.error:
+        return None
+    if ident[:4] != tuple(b"\x7fELF"):  # Invalid magic, not ELF.
+        return None
+    f.seek(struct.calcsize("HHI"), 1)  # Skip file type, machine, and version.
+
+    try:
+        # e_fmt: Format for program header.
+        # p_fmt: Format for section header.
+        # p_idx: Indexes to find p_type, p_offset, and p_filesz.
+        e_fmt, p_fmt, p_idx = {
+            1: ("IIIIHHH", "IIIIIIII", (0, 1, 4)),  # 32-bit.
+            2: ("QQQIHHH", "IIQQQQQQ", (0, 2, 5)),  # 64-bit.
+        }[ident[4]]
+    except KeyError:
+        return None
+    else:
+        p_get = operator.itemgetter(*p_idx)
+
+    # Find the interpreter section and return its content.
+    try:
+        _, e_phoff, _, _, _, e_phentsize, e_phnum = _read_unpacked(f, e_fmt)
+    except struct.error:
+        return None
+    for i in range(e_phnum + 1):
+        f.seek(e_phoff + e_phentsize * i)
+        try:
+            p_type, p_offset, p_filesz = p_get(_read_unpacked(f, p_fmt))
+        except struct.error:
+            return None
+        if p_type != 3:  # Not PT_INTERP.
+            continue
+        f.seek(p_offset)
+        interpreter = os.fsdecode(f.read(p_filesz)).strip("\0")
+        if "musl" not in interpreter:
+            return None
+        return interpreter
+    return None
+
+
+class _MuslVersion(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+
+
+def _parse_musl_version(output: str) -> Optional[_MuslVersion]:
+    lines = [n for n in (n.strip() for n in output.splitlines()) if n]
+    if len(lines) < 2 or lines[0][:4] != "musl":
+        return None
+    m = re.match(r"Version (\d+)\.(\d+)", lines[1])
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    return _MuslVersion(major=int(m.group(1)), minor=int(m.group(2)))
+
+
+@functools.lru_cache()
+def _get_musl_version(executable: str) -> Optional[_MuslVersion]:
+    """Detect currently-running musl runtime version.
+
+    This is done by checking the specified executable's dynamic linking
+    information, and invoking the loader to parse its output for a version
+    string. If the loader is musl, the output would be something like::
+
+        musl libc (x86_64)
+        Version 1.2.2
+        Dynamic Program Loader
+    """
+    with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+        try:
+            f = stack.enter_context(open(executable, "rb"))
+        except OSError:
+            return None
+        ld = _parse_ld_musl_from_elf(f)
+    if not ld:
+        return None
+    proc = subprocess.run([ld], stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
+    return _parse_musl_version(proc.stderr)
+
+
+def platform_tags(arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """Generate musllinux tags compatible to the current platform.
+
+    :param arch: Should be the part of platform tag after the ``linux_``
+        prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``. The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a
+        prerequisite for the current platform to be musllinux-compatible.
+
+    :returns: An iterator of compatible musllinux tags.
+    """
+    sys_musl = _get_musl_version(sys.executable)
+    if sys_musl is None:  # Python not dynamically linked against musl.
+        return
+    for minor in range(sys_musl.minor, -1, -1):
+        yield f"musllinux_{sys_musl.major}_{minor}_{arch}"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sysconfig
+
+    plat = sysconfig.get_platform()
+    assert plat.startswith("linux-"), "not linux"
+
+    print("plat:", plat)
+    print("musl:", _get_musl_version(sys.executable))
+    print("tags:", end=" ")
+    for t in platform_tags(re.sub(r"[.-]", "_", plat.split("-", 1)[-1])):
+        print(t, end="\n      ")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90a6465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/_structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+
+class InfinityType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __le__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __neg__(self: object) -> "NegativeInfinityType":
+        return NegativeInfinity
+
+
+Infinity = InfinityType()
+
+
+class NegativeInfinityType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "-Infinity"
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def __neg__(self: object) -> InfinityType:
+        return Infinity
+
+
+NegativeInfinity = NegativeInfinityType()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..540e7a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/markers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import operator
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.pyparsing import (  # noqa: N817
+    Forward,
+    Group,
+    Literal as L,
+    ParseException,
+    ParseResults,
+    QuotedString,
+    ZeroOrMore,
+    stringEnd,
+    stringStart,
+)
+
+from .specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, Specifier
+
+__all__ = [
+    "InvalidMarker",
+    "UndefinedComparison",
+    "UndefinedEnvironmentName",
+    "Marker",
+    "default_environment",
+]
+
+Operator = Callable[[str, str], bool]
+
+
+class InvalidMarker(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedComparison(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it.
+    """
+
+
+class UndefinedEnvironmentName(ValueError):
+    """
+    A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the
+    environment.
+    """
+
+
+class Node:
+    def __init__(self, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}('{self}')>"
+
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class Variable(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Value(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return f'"{self}"'
+
+
+class Op(Node):
+    def serialize(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+VARIABLE = (
+    L("implementation_version")
+    | L("platform_python_implementation")
+    | L("implementation_name")
+    | L("python_full_version")
+    | L("platform_release")
+    | L("platform_version")
+    | L("platform_machine")
+    | L("platform_system")
+    | L("python_version")
+    | L("sys_platform")
+    | L("os_name")
+    | L("os.name")  # PEP-345
+    | L("sys.platform")  # PEP-345
+    | L("platform.version")  # PEP-345
+    | L("platform.machine")  # PEP-345
+    | L("platform.python_implementation")  # PEP-345
+    | L("python_implementation")  # undocumented setuptools legacy
+    | L("extra")  # PEP-508
+)
+ALIASES = {
+    "os.name": "os_name",
+    "sys.platform": "sys_platform",
+    "platform.version": "platform_version",
+    "platform.machine": "platform_machine",
+    "platform.python_implementation": "platform_python_implementation",
+    "python_implementation": "platform_python_implementation",
+}
+VARIABLE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Variable(ALIASES.get(t[0], t[0])))
+
+VERSION_CMP = (
+    L("===") | L("==") | L(">=") | L("<=") | L("!=") | L("~=") | L(">") | L("<")
+)
+
+MARKER_OP = VERSION_CMP | L("not in") | L("in")
+MARKER_OP.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Op(t[0]))
+
+MARKER_VALUE = QuotedString("'") | QuotedString('"')
+MARKER_VALUE.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: Value(t[0]))
+
+BOOLOP = L("and") | L("or")
+
+MARKER_VAR = VARIABLE | MARKER_VALUE
+
+MARKER_ITEM = Group(MARKER_VAR + MARKER_OP + MARKER_VAR)
+MARKER_ITEM.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: tuple(t[0]))
+
+LPAREN = L("(").suppress()
+RPAREN = L(")").suppress()
+
+MARKER_EXPR = Forward()
+MARKER_ATOM = MARKER_ITEM | Group(LPAREN + MARKER_EXPR + RPAREN)
+MARKER_EXPR << MARKER_ATOM + ZeroOrMore(BOOLOP + MARKER_EXPR)
+
+MARKER = stringStart + MARKER_EXPR + stringEnd
+
+
+def _coerce_parse_result(results: Union[ParseResults, List[Any]]) -> List[Any]:
+    if isinstance(results, ParseResults):
+        return [_coerce_parse_result(i) for i in results]
+    else:
+        return results
+
+
+def _format_marker(
+    marker: Union[List[str], Tuple[Node, ...], str], first: Optional[bool] = True
+) -> str:
+
+    assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))
+
+    # Sometimes we have a structure like [[...]] which is a single item list
+    # where the single item is itself it's own list. In that case we want skip
+    # the rest of this function so that we don't get extraneous () on the
+    # outside.
+    if (
+        isinstance(marker, list)
+        and len(marker) == 1
+        and isinstance(marker[0], (list, tuple))
+    ):
+        return _format_marker(marker[0])
+
+    if isinstance(marker, list):
+        inner = (_format_marker(m, first=False) for m in marker)
+        if first:
+            return " ".join(inner)
+        else:
+            return "(" + " ".join(inner) + ")"
+    elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+        return " ".join([m.serialize() for m in marker])
+    else:
+        return marker
+
+
+_operators: Dict[str, Operator] = {
+    "in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs in rhs,
+    "not in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs not in rhs,
+    "<": operator.lt,
+    "<=": operator.le,
+    "==": operator.eq,
+    "!=": operator.ne,
+    ">=": operator.ge,
+    ">": operator.gt,
+}
+
+
+def _eval_op(lhs: str, op: Op, rhs: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        spec = Specifier("".join([op.serialize(), rhs]))
+    except InvalidSpecifier:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return spec.contains(lhs)
+
+    oper: Optional[Operator] = _operators.get(op.serialize())
+    if oper is None:
+        raise UndefinedComparison(f"Undefined {op!r} on {lhs!r} and {rhs!r}.")
+
+    return oper(lhs, rhs)
+
+
+class Undefined:
+    pass
+
+
+_undefined = Undefined()
+
+
+def _get_env(environment: Dict[str, str], name: str) -> str:
+    value: Union[str, Undefined] = environment.get(name, _undefined)
+
+    if isinstance(value, Undefined):
+        raise UndefinedEnvironmentName(
+            f"{name!r} does not exist in evaluation environment."
+        )
+
+    return value
+
+
+def _evaluate_markers(markers: List[Any], environment: Dict[str, str]) -> bool:
+    groups: List[List[bool]] = [[]]
+
+    for marker in markers:
+        assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))
+
+        if isinstance(marker, list):
+            groups[-1].append(_evaluate_markers(marker, environment))
+        elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
+            lhs, op, rhs = marker
+
+            if isinstance(lhs, Variable):
+                lhs_value = _get_env(environment, lhs.value)
+                rhs_value = rhs.value
+            else:
+                lhs_value = lhs.value
+                rhs_value = _get_env(environment, rhs.value)
+
+            groups[-1].append(_eval_op(lhs_value, op, rhs_value))
+        else:
+            assert marker in ["and", "or"]
+            if marker == "or":
+                groups.append([])
+
+    return any(all(item) for item in groups)
+
+
+def format_full_version(info: "sys._version_info") -> str:
+    version = "{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}".format(info)
+    kind = info.releaselevel
+    if kind != "final":
+        version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
+    return version
+
+
+def default_environment() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    iver = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version)
+    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
+    return {
+        "implementation_name": implementation_name,
+        "implementation_version": iver,
+        "os_name": os.name,
+        "platform_machine": platform.machine(),
+        "platform_release": platform.release(),
+        "platform_system": platform.system(),
+        "platform_version": platform.version(),
+        "python_full_version": platform.python_version(),
+        "platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(),
+        "python_version": ".".join(platform.python_version_tuple()[:2]),
+        "sys_platform": sys.platform,
+    }
+
+
+class Marker:
+    def __init__(self, marker: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._markers = _coerce_parse_result(MARKER.parseString(marker))
+        except ParseException as e:
+            raise InvalidMarker(
+                f"Invalid marker: {marker!r}, parse error at "
+                f"{marker[e.loc : e.loc + 8]!r}"
+            )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return _format_marker(self._markers)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Marker('{self}')>"
+
+    def evaluate(self, environment: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None) -> bool:
+        """Evaluate a marker.
+
+        Return the boolean from evaluating the given marker against the
+        environment. environment is an optional argument to override all or
+        part of the determined environment.
+
+        The environment is determined from the current Python process.
+        """
+        current_environment = default_environment()
+        if environment is not None:
+            current_environment.update(environment)
+
+        return _evaluate_markers(self._markers, current_environment)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eab7dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/requirements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import re
+import string
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import List, Optional as TOptional, Set
+
+from pip._vendor.pyparsing import (  # noqa
+    Combine,
+    Literal as L,
+    Optional,
+    ParseException,
+    Regex,
+    Word,
+    ZeroOrMore,
+    originalTextFor,
+    stringEnd,
+    stringStart,
+)
+
+from .markers import MARKER_EXPR, Marker
+from .specifiers import LegacySpecifier, Specifier, SpecifierSet
+
+
+class InvalidRequirement(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid requirement was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
+    """
+
+
+ALPHANUM = Word(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
+
+LBRACKET = L("[").suppress()
+RBRACKET = L("]").suppress()
+LPAREN = L("(").suppress()
+RPAREN = L(")").suppress()
+COMMA = L(",").suppress()
+SEMICOLON = L(";").suppress()
+AT = L("@").suppress()
+
+PUNCTUATION = Word("-_.")
+IDENTIFIER_END = ALPHANUM | (ZeroOrMore(PUNCTUATION) + ALPHANUM)
+IDENTIFIER = Combine(ALPHANUM + ZeroOrMore(IDENTIFIER_END))
+
+NAME = IDENTIFIER("name")
+EXTRA = IDENTIFIER
+
+URI = Regex(r"[^ ]+")("url")
+URL = AT + URI
+
+EXTRAS_LIST = EXTRA + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + EXTRA)
+EXTRAS = (LBRACKET + Optional(EXTRAS_LIST) + RBRACKET)("extras")
+
+VERSION_PEP440 = Regex(Specifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+VERSION_LEGACY = Regex(LegacySpecifier._regex_str, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+VERSION_ONE = VERSION_PEP440 ^ VERSION_LEGACY
+VERSION_MANY = Combine(
+    VERSION_ONE + ZeroOrMore(COMMA + VERSION_ONE), joinString=",", adjacent=False
+)("_raw_spec")
+_VERSION_SPEC = Optional((LPAREN + VERSION_MANY + RPAREN) | VERSION_MANY)
+_VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t._raw_spec or "")
+
+VERSION_SPEC = originalTextFor(_VERSION_SPEC)("specifier")
+VERSION_SPEC.setParseAction(lambda s, l, t: t[1])
+
+MARKER_EXPR = originalTextFor(MARKER_EXPR())("marker")
+MARKER_EXPR.setParseAction(
+    lambda s, l, t: Marker(s[t._original_start : t._original_end])
+)
+MARKER_SEPARATOR = SEMICOLON
+MARKER = MARKER_SEPARATOR + MARKER_EXPR
+
+VERSION_AND_MARKER = VERSION_SPEC + Optional(MARKER)
+URL_AND_MARKER = URL + Optional(MARKER)
+
+NAMED_REQUIREMENT = NAME + Optional(EXTRAS) + (URL_AND_MARKER | VERSION_AND_MARKER)
+
+REQUIREMENT = stringStart + NAMED_REQUIREMENT + stringEnd
+# pyparsing isn't thread safe during initialization, so we do it eagerly, see
+# issue #104
+REQUIREMENT.parseString("x[]")
+
+
+class Requirement:
+    """Parse a requirement.
+
+    Parse a given requirement string into its parts, such as name, specifier,
+    URL, and extras. Raises InvalidRequirement on a badly-formed requirement
+    string.
+    """
+
+    # TODO: Can we test whether something is contained within a requirement?
+    #       If so how do we do that? Do we need to test against the _name_ of
+    #       the thing as well as the version? What about the markers?
+    # TODO: Can we normalize the name and extra name?
+
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string: str) -> None:
+        try:
+            req = REQUIREMENT.parseString(requirement_string)
+        except ParseException as e:
+            raise InvalidRequirement(
+                f'Parse error at "{ requirement_string[e.loc : e.loc + 8]!r}": {e.msg}'
+            )
+
+        self.name: str = req.name
+        if req.url:
+            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(req.url)
+            if parsed_url.scheme == "file":
+                if urllib.parse.urlunparse(parsed_url) != req.url:
+                    raise InvalidRequirement("Invalid URL given")
+            elif not (parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc) or (
+                not parsed_url.scheme and not parsed_url.netloc
+            ):
+                raise InvalidRequirement(f"Invalid URL: {req.url}")
+            self.url: TOptional[str] = req.url
+        else:
+            self.url = None
+        self.extras: Set[str] = set(req.extras.asList() if req.extras else [])
+        self.specifier: SpecifierSet = SpecifierSet(req.specifier)
+        self.marker: TOptional[Marker] = req.marker if req.marker else None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        parts: List[str] = [self.name]
+
+        if self.extras:
+            formatted_extras = ",".join(sorted(self.extras))
+            parts.append(f"[{formatted_extras}]")
+
+        if self.specifier:
+            parts.append(str(self.specifier))
+
+        if self.url:
+            parts.append(f"@ {self.url}")
+            if self.marker:
+                parts.append(" ")
+
+        if self.marker:
+            parts.append(f"; {self.marker}")
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Requirement('{self}')>"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e218a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/specifiers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import abc
+import functools
+import itertools
+import re
+import warnings
+from typing import (
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from .utils import canonicalize_version
+from .version import LegacyVersion, Version, parse
+
+ParsedVersion = Union[Version, LegacyVersion]
+UnparsedVersion = Union[Version, LegacyVersion, str]
+VersionTypeVar = TypeVar("VersionTypeVar", bound=UnparsedVersion)
+CallableOperator = Callable[[ParsedVersion, str], bool]
+
+
+class InvalidSpecifier(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid specifier was found, users should refer to PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+class BaseSpecifier(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the str representation of this Specifier like object. This
+        should be representative of the Specifier itself.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns a hash value for this Specifier like object.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier like
+        objects are equal.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractproperty
+    def prereleases(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+        """
+        Returns whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this
+        specifier.
+        """
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Sets whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed by this
+        specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def contains(self, item: str, prereleases: Optional[bool] = None) -> bool:
+        """
+        Determines if the given item is contained within this specifier.
+        """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[VersionTypeVar], prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[VersionTypeVar]:
+        """
+        Takes an iterable of items and filters them so that only items which
+        are contained within this specifier are allowed in it.
+        """
+
+
+class _IndividualSpecifier(BaseSpecifier):
+
+    _operators: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    _regex: Pattern[str]
+
+    def __init__(self, spec: str = "", prereleases: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        match = self._regex.search(spec)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidSpecifier(f"Invalid specifier: '{spec}'")
+
+        self._spec: Tuple[str, str] = (
+            match.group("operator").strip(),
+            match.group("version").strip(),
+        )
+
+        # Store whether or not this Specifier should accept prereleases
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        pre = (
+            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self)!r}{pre})>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "{}{}".format(*self._spec)
+
+    @property
+    def _canonical_spec(self) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        return self._spec[0], canonicalize_version(self._spec[1])
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._canonical_spec)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            try:
+                other = self.__class__(str(other))
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                return NotImplemented
+        elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._canonical_spec == other._canonical_spec
+
+    def _get_operator(self, op: str) -> CallableOperator:
+        operator_callable: CallableOperator = getattr(
+            self, f"_compare_{self._operators[op]}"
+        )
+        return operator_callable
+
+    def _coerce_version(self, version: UnparsedVersion) -> ParsedVersion:
+        if not isinstance(version, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+            version = parse(version)
+        return version
+
+    @property
+    def operator(self) -> str:
+        return self._spec[0]
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> str:
+        return self._spec[1]
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+        return self._prereleases
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: str) -> bool:
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(
+        self, item: UnparsedVersion, prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> bool:
+
+        # Determine if prereleases are to be allowed or not.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # Normalize item to a Version or LegacyVersion, this allows us to have
+        # a shortcut for ``"2.0" in Specifier(">=2")
+        normalized_item = self._coerce_version(item)
+
+        # Determine if we should be supporting prereleases in this specifier
+        # or not, if we do not support prereleases than we can short circuit
+        # logic if this version is a prereleases.
+        if normalized_item.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+            return False
+
+        # Actually do the comparison to determine if this item is contained
+        # within this Specifier or not.
+        operator_callable: CallableOperator = self._get_operator(self.operator)
+        return operator_callable(normalized_item, self.version)
+
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[VersionTypeVar], prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[VersionTypeVar]:
+
+        yielded = False
+        found_prereleases = []
+
+        kw = {"prereleases": prereleases if prereleases is not None else True}
+
+        # Attempt to iterate over all the values in the iterable and if any of
+        # them match, yield them.
+        for version in iterable:
+            parsed_version = self._coerce_version(version)
+
+            if self.contains(parsed_version, **kw):
+                # If our version is a prerelease, and we were not set to allow
+                # prereleases, then we'll store it for later in case nothing
+                # else matches this specifier.
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not (
+                    prereleases or self.prereleases
+                ):
+                    found_prereleases.append(version)
+                # Either this is not a prerelease, or we should have been
+                # accepting prereleases from the beginning.
+                else:
+                    yielded = True
+                    yield version
+
+        # Now that we've iterated over everything, determine if we've yielded
+        # any values, and if we have not and we have any prereleases stored up
+        # then we will go ahead and yield the prereleases.
+        if not yielded and found_prereleases:
+            for version in found_prereleases:
+                yield version
+
+
+class LegacySpecifier(_IndividualSpecifier):
+
+    _regex_str = r"""
+        (?P<operator>(==|!=|<=|>=|<|>))
+        \s*
+        (?P<version>
+            [^,;\s)]* # Since this is a "legacy" specifier, and the version
+                      # string can be just about anything, we match everything
+                      # except for whitespace, a semi-colon for marker support,
+                      # a closing paren since versions can be enclosed in
+                      # them, and a comma since it's a version separator.
+        )
+        """
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + _regex_str + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    _operators = {
+        "==": "equal",
+        "!=": "not_equal",
+        "<=": "less_than_equal",
+        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, spec: str = "", prereleases: Optional[bool] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(spec, prereleases)
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Creating a LegacyVersion has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in the next major release",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def _coerce_version(self, version: UnparsedVersion) -> LegacyVersion:
+        if not isinstance(version, LegacyVersion):
+            version = LegacyVersion(str(version))
+        return version
+
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective == self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective != self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective <= self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(
+        self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str
+    ) -> bool:
+        return prospective >= self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective < self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective: LegacyVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return prospective > self._coerce_version(spec)
+
+
+def _require_version_compare(
+    fn: Callable[["Specifier", ParsedVersion, str], bool]
+) -> Callable[["Specifier", ParsedVersion, str], bool]:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def wrapped(self: "Specifier", prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(prospective, Version):
+            return False
+        return fn(self, prospective, spec)
+
+    return wrapped
+
+
+class Specifier(_IndividualSpecifier):
+
+    _regex_str = r"""
+        (?P<operator>(~=|==|!=|<=|>=|<|>|===))
+        (?P<version>
+            (?:
+                # The identity operators allow for an escape hatch that will
+                # do an exact string match of the version you wish to install.
+                # This will not be parsed by PEP 440 and we cannot determine
+                # any semantic meaning from it. This operator is discouraged
+                # but included entirely as an escape hatch.
+                (?<====)  # Only match for the identity operator
+                \s*
+                [^\s]*    # We just match everything, except for whitespace
+                          # since we are only testing for strict identity.
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The (non)equality operators allow for wild card and local
+                # versions to be specified so we have to define these two
+                # operators separately to enable that.
+                (?<===|!=)            # Only match for equals and not equals
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+
+                # You cannot use a wild card and a dev or local version
+                # together so group them with a | and make them optional.
+                (?:
+                    (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?         # dev release
+                    (?:\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*)? # local
+                    |
+                    \.\*  # Wild card syntax of .*
+                )?
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # The compatible operator requires at least two digits in the
+                # release segment.
+                (?<=~=)               # Only match for the compatible operator
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)+   # release  (We have a + instead of a *)
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+            |
+            (?:
+                # All other operators only allow a sub set of what the
+                # (non)equality operators do. Specifically they do not allow
+                # local versions to be specified nor do they allow the prefix
+                # matching wild cards.
+                (?<!==|!=|~=)         # We have special cases for these
+                                      # operators so we want to make sure they
+                                      # don't match here.
+
+                \s*
+                v?
+                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
+                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
+                (?:                   # pre release
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    (a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview)
+                    [-_\.]?
+                    [0-9]*
+                )?
+                (?:                                   # post release
+                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
+                )?
+                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
+            )
+        )
+        """
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + _regex_str + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    _operators = {
+        "~=": "compatible",
+        "==": "equal",
+        "!=": "not_equal",
+        "<=": "less_than_equal",
+        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
+        "<": "less_than",
+        ">": "greater_than",
+        "===": "arbitrary",
+    }
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_compatible(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+
+        # Compatible releases have an equivalent combination of >= and ==. That
+        # is that ~=2.2 is equivalent to >=2.2,==2.*. This allows us to
+        # implement this in terms of the other specifiers instead of
+        # implementing it ourselves. The only thing we need to do is construct
+        # the other specifiers.
+
+        # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
+        # ignore suffix segments.
+        prefix = ".".join(
+            list(itertools.takewhile(_is_not_suffix, _version_split(spec)))[:-1]
+        )
+
+        # Add the prefix notation to the end of our string
+        prefix += ".*"
+
+        return self._get_operator(">=")(prospective, spec) and self._get_operator("==")(
+            prospective, prefix
+        )
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_equal(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+
+        # We need special logic to handle prefix matching
+        if spec.endswith(".*"):
+            # In the case of prefix matching we want to ignore local segment.
+            prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+            # Split the spec out by dots, and pretend that there is an implicit
+            # dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
+            split_spec = _version_split(spec[:-2])  # Remove the trailing .*
+
+            # Split the prospective version out by dots, and pretend that there
+            # is an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release
+            # segment.
+            split_prospective = _version_split(str(prospective))
+
+            # Shorten the prospective version to be the same length as the spec
+            # so that we can determine if the specifier is a prefix of the
+            # prospective version or not.
+            shortened_prospective = split_prospective[: len(split_spec)]
+
+            # Pad out our two sides with zeros so that they both equal the same
+            # length.
+            padded_spec, padded_prospective = _pad_version(
+                split_spec, shortened_prospective
+            )
+
+            return padded_prospective == padded_spec
+        else:
+            # Convert our spec string into a Version
+            spec_version = Version(spec)
+
+            # If the specifier does not have a local segment, then we want to
+            # act as if the prospective version also does not have a local
+            # segment.
+            if not spec_version.local:
+                prospective = Version(prospective.public)
+
+            return prospective == spec_version
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return not self._compare_equal(prospective, spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str) -> bool:
+
+        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
+        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
+        # the prospective version.
+        return Version(prospective.public) <= Version(spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_greater_than_equal(
+        self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec: str
+    ) -> bool:
+
+        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
+        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
+        # the prospective version.
+        return Version(prospective.public) >= Version(spec)
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec_str: str) -> bool:
+
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec_str)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is less than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective < spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a pre-release version, that we do not accept pre-release
+        # versions for the version mentioned in the specifier (e.g. <3.1 should
+        # not match 3.1.dev0, but should match 3.0.dev0).
+        if not spec.is_prerelease and prospective.is_prerelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # less than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the same
+        # version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    @_require_version_compare
+    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective: ParsedVersion, spec_str: str) -> bool:
+
+        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
+        # it as a version.
+        spec = Version(spec_str)
+
+        # Check to see if the prospective version is greater than the spec
+        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
+        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
+        if not prospective > spec:
+            return False
+
+        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
+        # includes is a post-release version, that we do not accept
+        # post-release versions for the version mentioned in the specifier
+        # (e.g. >3.1 should not match 3.0.post0, but should match 3.2.post0).
+        if not spec.is_postrelease and prospective.is_postrelease:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # Ensure that we do not allow a local version of the version mentioned
+        # in the specifier, which is technically greater than, to match.
+        if prospective.local is not None:
+            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
+                return False
+
+        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
+        # greater than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the
+        # same version in the spec.
+        return True
+
+    def _compare_arbitrary(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
+        return str(prospective).lower() == str(spec).lower()
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> bool:
+
+        # If there is an explicit prereleases set for this, then we'll just
+        # blindly use that.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # Look at all of our specifiers and determine if they are inclusive
+        # operators, and if they are if they are including an explicit
+        # prerelease.
+        operator, version = self._spec
+        if operator in ["==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "==="]:
+            # The == specifier can include a trailing .*, if it does we
+            # want to remove before parsing.
+            if operator == "==" and version.endswith(".*"):
+                version = version[:-2]
+
+            # Parse the version, and if it is a pre-release than this
+            # specifier allows pre-releases.
+            if parse(version).is_prerelease:
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+
+_prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")
+
+
+def _version_split(version: str) -> List[str]:
+    result: List[str] = []
+    for item in version.split("."):
+        match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
+        if match:
+            result.extend(match.groups())
+        else:
+            result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+def _is_not_suffix(segment: str) -> bool:
+    return not any(
+        segment.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("dev", "a", "b", "rc", "post")
+    )
+
+
+def _pad_version(left: List[str], right: List[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str]]:
+    left_split, right_split = [], []
+
+    # Get the release segment of our versions
+    left_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), left)))
+    right_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), right)))
+
+    # Get the rest of our versions
+    left_split.append(left[len(left_split[0]) :])
+    right_split.append(right[len(right_split[0]) :])
+
+    # Insert our padding
+    left_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])))
+    right_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])))
+
+    return (list(itertools.chain(*left_split)), list(itertools.chain(*right_split)))
+
+
+class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
+    def __init__(
+        self, specifiers: str = "", prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> None:
+
+        # Split on , to break each individual specifier into it's own item, and
+        # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
+        split_specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]
+
+        # Parsed each individual specifier, attempting first to make it a
+        # Specifier and falling back to a LegacySpecifier.
+        parsed: Set[_IndividualSpecifier] = set()
+        for specifier in split_specifiers:
+            try:
+                parsed.add(Specifier(specifier))
+            except InvalidSpecifier:
+                parsed.add(LegacySpecifier(specifier))
+
+        # Turn our parsed specifiers into a frozen set and save them for later.
+        self._specs = frozenset(parsed)
+
+        # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
+        # we accept prereleases or not.
+        self._prereleases = prereleases
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        pre = (
+            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
+            if self._prereleases is not None
+            else ""
+        )
+
+        return f"<SpecifierSet({str(self)!r}{pre})>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return ",".join(sorted(str(s) for s in self._specs))
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._specs)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: Union["SpecifierSet", str]) -> "SpecifierSet":
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            other = SpecifierSet(other)
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        specifier = SpecifierSet()
+        specifier._specs = frozenset(self._specs | other._specs)
+
+        if self._prereleases is None and other._prereleases is not None:
+            specifier._prereleases = other._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases is not None and other._prereleases is None:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        elif self._prereleases == other._prereleases:
+            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot combine SpecifierSets with True and False prerelease "
+                "overrides."
+            )
+
+        return specifier
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, (str, _IndividualSpecifier)):
+            other = SpecifierSet(str(other))
+        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._specs == other._specs
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._specs)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[_IndividualSpecifier]:
+        return iter(self._specs)
+
+    @property
+    def prereleases(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+
+        # If we have been given an explicit prerelease modifier, then we'll
+        # pass that through here.
+        if self._prereleases is not None:
+            return self._prereleases
+
+        # If we don't have any specifiers, and we don't have a forced value,
+        # then we'll just return None since we don't know if this should have
+        # pre-releases or not.
+        if not self._specs:
+            return None
+
+        # Otherwise we'll see if any of the given specifiers accept
+        # prereleases, if any of them do we'll return True, otherwise False.
+        return any(s.prereleases for s in self._specs)
+
+    @prereleases.setter
+    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._prereleases = value
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: UnparsedVersion) -> bool:
+        return self.contains(item)
+
+    def contains(
+        self, item: UnparsedVersion, prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> bool:
+
+        # Ensure that our item is a Version or LegacyVersion instance.
+        if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+            item = parse(item)
+
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # We can determine if we're going to allow pre-releases by looking to
+        # see if any of the underlying items supports them. If none of them do
+        # and this item is a pre-release then we do not allow it and we can
+        # short circuit that here.
+        # Note: This means that 1.0.dev1 would not be contained in something
+        #       like >=1.0.devabc however it would be in >=1.0.debabc,>0.0.dev0
+        if not prereleases and item.is_prerelease:
+            return False
+
+        # We simply dispatch to the underlying specs here to make sure that the
+        # given version is contained within all of them.
+        # Note: This use of all() here means that an empty set of specifiers
+        #       will always return True, this is an explicit design decision.
+        return all(s.contains(item, prereleases=prereleases) for s in self._specs)
+
+    def filter(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[VersionTypeVar], prereleases: Optional[bool] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[VersionTypeVar]:
+
+        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
+        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
+        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
+        if prereleases is None:
+            prereleases = self.prereleases
+
+        # If we have any specifiers, then we want to wrap our iterable in the
+        # filter method for each one, this will act as a logical AND amongst
+        # each specifier.
+        if self._specs:
+            for spec in self._specs:
+                iterable = spec.filter(iterable, prereleases=bool(prereleases))
+            return iterable
+        # If we do not have any specifiers, then we need to have a rough filter
+        # which will filter out any pre-releases, unless there are no final
+        # releases, and which will filter out LegacyVersion in general.
+        else:
+            filtered: List[VersionTypeVar] = []
+            found_prereleases: List[VersionTypeVar] = []
+
+            item: UnparsedVersion
+            parsed_version: Union[Version, LegacyVersion]
+
+            for item in iterable:
+                # Ensure that we some kind of Version class for this item.
+                if not isinstance(item, (LegacyVersion, Version)):
+                    parsed_version = parse(item)
+                else:
+                    parsed_version = item
+
+                # Filter out any item which is parsed as a LegacyVersion
+                if isinstance(parsed_version, LegacyVersion):
+                    continue
+
+                # Store any item which is a pre-release for later unless we've
+                # already found a final version or we are accepting prereleases
+                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
+                    if not filtered:
+                        found_prereleases.append(item)
+                else:
+                    filtered.append(item)
+
+            # If we've found no items except for pre-releases, then we'll go
+            # ahead and use the pre-releases
+            if not filtered and found_prereleases and prereleases is None:
+                return found_prereleases
+
+            return filtered
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3d25a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/tags.py
@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import logging
+import platform
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+from importlib.machinery import EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from . import _manylinux, _musllinux
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+PythonVersion = Sequence[int]
+MacVersion = Tuple[int, int]
+
+INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES: Dict[str, str] = {
+    "python": "py",  # Generic.
+    "cpython": "cp",
+    "pypy": "pp",
+    "ironpython": "ip",
+    "jython": "jy",
+}
+
+
+_32_BIT_INTERPRETER = sys.maxsize <= 2 ** 32
+
+
+class Tag:
+    """
+    A representation of the tag triple for a wheel.
+
+    Instances are considered immutable and thus are hashable. Equality checking
+    is also supported.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["_interpreter", "_abi", "_platform", "_hash"]
+
+    def __init__(self, interpreter: str, abi: str, platform: str) -> None:
+        self._interpreter = interpreter.lower()
+        self._abi = abi.lower()
+        self._platform = platform.lower()
+        # The __hash__ of every single element in a Set[Tag] will be evaluated each time
+        # that a set calls its `.disjoint()` method, which may be called hundreds of
+        # times when scanning a page of links for packages with tags matching that
+        # Set[Tag]. Pre-computing the value here produces significant speedups for
+        # downstream consumers.
+        self._hash = hash((self._interpreter, self._abi, self._platform))
+
+    @property
+    def interpreter(self) -> str:
+        return self._interpreter
+
+    @property
+    def abi(self) -> str:
+        return self._abi
+
+    @property
+    def platform(self) -> str:
+        return self._platform
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Tag):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return (
+            (self._hash == other._hash)  # Short-circuit ASAP for perf reasons.
+            and (self._platform == other._platform)
+            and (self._abi == other._abi)
+            and (self._interpreter == other._interpreter)
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._hash
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self._interpreter}-{self._abi}-{self._platform}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self} @ {id(self)}>"
+
+
+def parse_tag(tag: str) -> FrozenSet[Tag]:
+    """
+    Parses the provided tag (e.g. `py3-none-any`) into a frozenset of Tag instances.
+
+    Returning a set is required due to the possibility that the tag is a
+    compressed tag set.
+    """
+    tags = set()
+    interpreters, abis, platforms = tag.split("-")
+    for interpreter in interpreters.split("."):
+        for abi in abis.split("."):
+            for platform_ in platforms.split("."):
+                tags.add(Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_))
+    return frozenset(tags)
+
+
+def _get_config_var(name: str, warn: bool = False) -> Union[int, str, None]:
+    value = sysconfig.get_config_var(name)
+    if value is None and warn:
+        logger.debug(
+            "Config variable '%s' is unset, Python ABI tag may be incorrect", name
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+def _normalize_string(string: str) -> str:
+    return string.replace(".", "_").replace("-", "_")
+
+
+def _abi3_applies(python_version: PythonVersion) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if the Python version supports abi3.
+
+    PEP 384 was first implemented in Python 3.2.
+    """
+    return len(python_version) > 1 and tuple(python_version) >= (3, 2)
+
+
+def _cpython_abis(py_version: PythonVersion, warn: bool = False) -> List[str]:
+    py_version = tuple(py_version)  # To allow for version comparison.
+    abis = []
+    version = _version_nodot(py_version[:2])
+    debug = pymalloc = ucs4 = ""
+    with_debug = _get_config_var("Py_DEBUG", warn)
+    has_refcount = hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount")
+    # Windows doesn't set Py_DEBUG, so checking for support of debug-compiled
+    # extension modules is the best option.
+    # https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/3383#issuecomment-173267692
+    has_ext = "_d.pyd" in EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
+    if with_debug or (with_debug is None and (has_refcount or has_ext)):
+        debug = "d"
+    if py_version < (3, 8):
+        with_pymalloc = _get_config_var("WITH_PYMALLOC", warn)
+        if with_pymalloc or with_pymalloc is None:
+            pymalloc = "m"
+        if py_version < (3, 3):
+            unicode_size = _get_config_var("Py_UNICODE_SIZE", warn)
+            if unicode_size == 4 or (
+                unicode_size is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF
+            ):
+                ucs4 = "u"
+    elif debug:
+        # Debug builds can also load "normal" extension modules.
+        # We can also assume no UCS-4 or pymalloc requirement.
+        abis.append(f"cp{version}")
+    abis.insert(
+        0,
+        "cp{version}{debug}{pymalloc}{ucs4}".format(
+            version=version, debug=debug, pymalloc=pymalloc, ucs4=ucs4
+        ),
+    )
+    return abis
+
+
+def cpython_tags(
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None,
+    abis: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    *,
+    warn: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the tags for a CPython interpreter.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - cp<python_version>-<abi>-<platform>
+    - cp<python_version>-abi3-<platform>
+    - cp<python_version>-none-<platform>
+    - cp<less than python_version>-abi3-<platform>  # Older Python versions down to 3.2.
+
+    If python_version only specifies a major version then user-provided ABIs and
+    the 'none' ABItag will be used.
+
+    If 'abi3' or 'none' are specified in 'abis' then they will be yielded at
+    their normal position and not at the beginning.
+    """
+    if not python_version:
+        python_version = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+    interpreter = f"cp{_version_nodot(python_version[:2])}"
+
+    if abis is None:
+        if len(python_version) > 1:
+            abis = _cpython_abis(python_version, warn)
+        else:
+            abis = []
+    abis = list(abis)
+    # 'abi3' and 'none' are explicitly handled later.
+    for explicit_abi in ("abi3", "none"):
+        try:
+            abis.remove(explicit_abi)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    for abi in abis:
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
+    if _abi3_applies(python_version):
+        yield from (Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
+    yield from (Tag(interpreter, "none", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
+
+    if _abi3_applies(python_version):
+        for minor_version in range(python_version[1] - 1, 1, -1):
+            for platform_ in platforms:
+                interpreter = "cp{version}".format(
+                    version=_version_nodot((python_version[0], minor_version))
+                )
+                yield Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_)
+
+
+def _generic_abi() -> Iterator[str]:
+    abi = sysconfig.get_config_var("SOABI")
+    if abi:
+        yield _normalize_string(abi)
+
+
+def generic_tags(
+    interpreter: Optional[str] = None,
+    abis: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+    *,
+    warn: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the tags for a generic interpreter.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - <interpreter>-<abi>-<platform>
+
+    The "none" ABI will be added if it was not explicitly provided.
+    """
+    if not interpreter:
+        interp_name = interpreter_name()
+        interp_version = interpreter_version(warn=warn)
+        interpreter = "".join([interp_name, interp_version])
+    if abis is None:
+        abis = _generic_abi()
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    abis = list(abis)
+    if "none" not in abis:
+        abis.append("none")
+    for abi in abis:
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
+
+
+def _py_interpreter_range(py_version: PythonVersion) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yields Python versions in descending order.
+
+    After the latest version, the major-only version will be yielded, and then
+    all previous versions of that major version.
+    """
+    if len(py_version) > 1:
+        yield f"py{_version_nodot(py_version[:2])}"
+    yield f"py{py_version[0]}"
+    if len(py_version) > 1:
+        for minor in range(py_version[1] - 1, -1, -1):
+            yield f"py{_version_nodot((py_version[0], minor))}"
+
+
+def compatible_tags(
+    python_version: Optional[PythonVersion] = None,
+    interpreter: Optional[str] = None,
+    platforms: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
+) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Yields the sequence of tags that are compatible with a specific version of Python.
+
+    The tags consist of:
+    - py*-none-<platform>
+    - <interpreter>-none-any  # ... if `interpreter` is provided.
+    - py*-none-any
+    """
+    if not python_version:
+        python_version = sys.version_info[:2]
+    platforms = list(platforms or platform_tags())
+    for version in _py_interpreter_range(python_version):
+        for platform_ in platforms:
+            yield Tag(version, "none", platform_)
+    if interpreter:
+        yield Tag(interpreter, "none", "any")
+    for version in _py_interpreter_range(python_version):
+        yield Tag(version, "none", "any")
+
+
+def _mac_arch(arch: str, is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> str:
+    if not is_32bit:
+        return arch
+
+    if arch.startswith("ppc"):
+        return "ppc"
+
+    return "i386"
+
+
+def _mac_binary_formats(version: MacVersion, cpu_arch: str) -> List[str]:
+    formats = [cpu_arch]
+    if cpu_arch == "x86_64":
+        if version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["intel", "fat64", "fat32"])
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "i386":
+        if version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["intel", "fat32", "fat"])
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "ppc64":
+        # TODO: Need to care about 32-bit PPC for ppc64 through 10.2?
+        if version > (10, 5) or version < (10, 4):
+            return []
+        formats.append("fat64")
+
+    elif cpu_arch == "ppc":
+        if version > (10, 6):
+            return []
+        formats.extend(["fat32", "fat"])
+
+    if cpu_arch in {"arm64", "x86_64"}:
+        formats.append("universal2")
+
+    if cpu_arch in {"x86_64", "i386", "ppc64", "ppc", "intel"}:
+        formats.append("universal")
+
+    return formats
+
+
+def mac_platforms(
+    version: Optional[MacVersion] = None, arch: Optional[str] = None
+) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Yields the platform tags for a macOS system.
+
+    The `version` parameter is a two-item tuple specifying the macOS version to
+    generate platform tags for. The `arch` parameter is the CPU architecture to
+    generate platform tags for. Both parameters default to the appropriate value
+    for the current system.
+    """
+    version_str, _, cpu_arch = platform.mac_ver()
+    if version is None:
+        version = cast("MacVersion", tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2])))
+    else:
+        version = version
+    if arch is None:
+        arch = _mac_arch(cpu_arch)
+    else:
+        arch = arch
+
+    if (10, 0) <= version and version < (11, 0):
+        # Prior to Mac OS 11, each yearly release of Mac OS bumped the
+        # "minor" version number.  The major version was always 10.
+        for minor_version in range(version[1], -1, -1):
+            compat_version = 10, minor_version
+            binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+            for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=10, minor=minor_version, binary_format=binary_format
+                )
+
+    if version >= (11, 0):
+        # Starting with Mac OS 11, each yearly release bumps the major version
+        # number.   The minor versions are now the midyear updates.
+        for major_version in range(version[0], 10, -1):
+            compat_version = major_version, 0
+            binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+            for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=major_version, minor=0, binary_format=binary_format
+                )
+
+    if version >= (11, 0):
+        # Mac OS 11 on x86_64 is compatible with binaries from previous releases.
+        # Arm64 support was introduced in 11.0, so no Arm binaries from previous
+        # releases exist.
+        #
+        # However, the "universal2" binary format can have a
+        # macOS version earlier than 11.0 when the x86_64 part of the binary supports
+        # that version of macOS.
+        if arch == "x86_64":
+            for minor_version in range(16, 3, -1):
+                compat_version = 10, minor_version
+                binary_formats = _mac_binary_formats(compat_version, arch)
+                for binary_format in binary_formats:
+                    yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                        major=compat_version[0],
+                        minor=compat_version[1],
+                        binary_format=binary_format,
+                    )
+        else:
+            for minor_version in range(16, 3, -1):
+                compat_version = 10, minor_version
+                binary_format = "universal2"
+                yield "macosx_{major}_{minor}_{binary_format}".format(
+                    major=compat_version[0],
+                    minor=compat_version[1],
+                    binary_format=binary_format,
+                )
+
+
+def _linux_platforms(is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> Iterator[str]:
+    linux = _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+    if is_32bit:
+        if linux == "linux_x86_64":
+            linux = "linux_i686"
+        elif linux == "linux_aarch64":
+            linux = "linux_armv7l"
+    _, arch = linux.split("_", 1)
+    yield from _manylinux.platform_tags(linux, arch)
+    yield from _musllinux.platform_tags(arch)
+    yield linux
+
+
+def _generic_platforms() -> Iterator[str]:
+    yield _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+
+
+def platform_tags() -> Iterator[str]:
+    """
+    Provides the platform tags for this installation.
+    """
+    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
+        return mac_platforms()
+    elif platform.system() == "Linux":
+        return _linux_platforms()
+    else:
+        return _generic_platforms()
+
+
+def interpreter_name() -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the name of the running interpreter.
+    """
+    name = sys.implementation.name
+    return INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES.get(name) or name
+
+
+def interpreter_version(*, warn: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the version of the running interpreter.
+    """
+    version = _get_config_var("py_version_nodot", warn=warn)
+    if version:
+        version = str(version)
+    else:
+        version = _version_nodot(sys.version_info[:2])
+    return version
+
+
+def _version_nodot(version: PythonVersion) -> str:
+    return "".join(map(str, version))
+
+
+def sys_tags(*, warn: bool = False) -> Iterator[Tag]:
+    """
+    Returns the sequence of tag triples for the running interpreter.
+
+    The order of the sequence corresponds to priority order for the
+    interpreter, from most to least important.
+    """
+
+    interp_name = interpreter_name()
+    if interp_name == "cp":
+        yield from cpython_tags(warn=warn)
+    else:
+        yield from generic_tags()
+
+    if interp_name == "pp":
+        yield from compatible_tags(interpreter="pp3")
+    else:
+        yield from compatible_tags()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bab11b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import re
+from typing import FrozenSet, NewType, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from .tags import Tag, parse_tag
+from .version import InvalidVersion, Version
+
+BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
+NormalizedName = NewType("NormalizedName", str)
+
+
+class InvalidWheelFilename(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid wheel filename was found, users should refer to PEP 427.
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidSdistFilename(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid sdist filename was found, users should refer to the packaging user guide.
+    """
+
+
+_canonicalize_regex = re.compile(r"[-_.]+")
+# PEP 427: The build number must start with a digit.
+_build_tag_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)(.*)")
+
+
+def canonicalize_name(name: str) -> NormalizedName:
+    # This is taken from PEP 503.
+    value = _canonicalize_regex.sub("-", name).lower()
+    return cast(NormalizedName, value)
+
+
+def canonicalize_version(version: Union[Version, str]) -> str:
+    """
+    This is very similar to Version.__str__, but has one subtle difference
+    with the way it handles the release segment.
+    """
+    if isinstance(version, str):
+        try:
+            parsed = Version(version)
+        except InvalidVersion:
+            # Legacy versions cannot be normalized
+            return version
+    else:
+        parsed = version
+
+    parts = []
+
+    # Epoch
+    if parsed.epoch != 0:
+        parts.append(f"{parsed.epoch}!")
+
+    # Release segment
+    # NB: This strips trailing '.0's to normalize
+    parts.append(re.sub(r"(\.0)+$", "", ".".join(str(x) for x in parsed.release)))
+
+    # Pre-release
+    if parsed.pre is not None:
+        parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in parsed.pre))
+
+    # Post-release
+    if parsed.post is not None:
+        parts.append(f".post{parsed.post}")
+
+    # Development release
+    if parsed.dev is not None:
+        parts.append(f".dev{parsed.dev}")
+
+    # Local version segment
+    if parsed.local is not None:
+        parts.append(f"+{parsed.local}")
+
+    return "".join(parts)
+
+
+def parse_wheel_filename(
+    filename: str,
+) -> Tuple[NormalizedName, Version, BuildTag, FrozenSet[Tag]]:
+    if not filename.endswith(".whl"):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (extension must be '.whl'): {filename}"
+        )
+
+    filename = filename[:-4]
+    dashes = filename.count("-")
+    if dashes not in (4, 5):
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (wrong number of parts): {filename}"
+        )
+
+    parts = filename.split("-", dashes - 2)
+    name_part = parts[0]
+    # See PEP 427 for the rules on escaping the project name
+    if "__" in name_part or re.match(r"^[\w\d._]*$", name_part, re.UNICODE) is None:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"Invalid project name: {filename}")
+    name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
+    version = Version(parts[1])
+    if dashes == 5:
+        build_part = parts[2]
+        build_match = _build_tag_regex.match(build_part)
+        if build_match is None:
+            raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+                f"Invalid build number: {build_part} in '{filename}'"
+            )
+        build = cast(BuildTag, (int(build_match.group(1)), build_match.group(2)))
+    else:
+        build = ()
+    tags = parse_tag(parts[-1])
+    return (name, version, build, tags)
+
+
+def parse_sdist_filename(filename: str) -> Tuple[NormalizedName, Version]:
+    if filename.endswith(".tar.gz"):
+        file_stem = filename[: -len(".tar.gz")]
+    elif filename.endswith(".zip"):
+        file_stem = filename[: -len(".zip")]
+    else:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(
+            f"Invalid sdist filename (extension must be '.tar.gz' or '.zip'):"
+            f" {filename}"
+        )
+
+    # We are requiring a PEP 440 version, which cannot contain dashes,
+    # so we split on the last dash.
+    name_part, sep, version_part = file_stem.rpartition("-")
+    if not sep:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(f"Invalid sdist filename: {filename}")
+
+    name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
+    version = Version(version_part)
+    return (name, version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9a09a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/packaging/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
+# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
+# for complete details.
+
+import collections
+import itertools
+import re
+import warnings
+from typing import Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, SupportsInt, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._structures import Infinity, InfinityType, NegativeInfinity, NegativeInfinityType
+
+__all__ = ["parse", "Version", "LegacyVersion", "InvalidVersion", "VERSION_PATTERN"]
+
+InfiniteTypes = Union[InfinityType, NegativeInfinityType]
+PrePostDevType = Union[InfiniteTypes, Tuple[str, int]]
+SubLocalType = Union[InfiniteTypes, int, str]
+LocalType = Union[
+    NegativeInfinityType,
+    Tuple[
+        Union[
+            SubLocalType,
+            Tuple[SubLocalType, str],
+            Tuple[NegativeInfinityType, SubLocalType],
+        ],
+        ...,
+    ],
+]
+CmpKey = Tuple[
+    int, Tuple[int, ...], PrePostDevType, PrePostDevType, PrePostDevType, LocalType
+]
+LegacyCmpKey = Tuple[int, Tuple[str, ...]]
+VersionComparisonMethod = Callable[
+    [Union[CmpKey, LegacyCmpKey], Union[CmpKey, LegacyCmpKey]], bool
+]
+
+_Version = collections.namedtuple(
+    "_Version", ["epoch", "release", "dev", "pre", "post", "local"]
+)
+
+
+def parse(version: str) -> Union["LegacyVersion", "Version"]:
+    """
+    Parse the given version string and return either a :class:`Version` object
+    or a :class:`LegacyVersion` object depending on if the given version is
+    a valid PEP 440 version or a legacy version.
+    """
+    try:
+        return Version(version)
+    except InvalidVersion:
+        return LegacyVersion(version)
+
+
+class InvalidVersion(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid version was found, users should refer to PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+class _BaseVersion:
+    _key: Union[CmpKey, LegacyCmpKey]
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._key)
+
+    # Please keep the duplicated `isinstance` check
+    # in the six comparisons hereunder
+    # unless you find a way to avoid adding overhead function calls.
+    def __lt__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key < other._key
+
+    def __le__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key <= other._key
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key == other._key
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key >= other._key
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: "_BaseVersion") -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key > other._key
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, _BaseVersion):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._key != other._key
+
+
+class LegacyVersion(_BaseVersion):
+    def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
+        self._version = str(version)
+        self._key = _legacy_cmpkey(self._version)
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Creating a LegacyVersion has been deprecated and will be "
+            "removed in the next major release",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._version
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<LegacyVersion('{self}')>"
+
+    @property
+    def public(self) -> str:
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self) -> str:
+        return self._version
+
+    @property
+    def epoch(self) -> int:
+        return -1
+
+    @property
+    def release(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def pre(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def post(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def dev(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_devrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+_legacy_version_component_re = re.compile(r"(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)", re.VERBOSE)
+
+_legacy_version_replacement_map = {
+    "pre": "c",
+    "preview": "c",
+    "-": "final-",
+    "rc": "c",
+    "dev": "@",
+}
+
+
+def _parse_version_parts(s: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+    for part in _legacy_version_component_re.split(s):
+        part = _legacy_version_replacement_map.get(part, part)
+
+        if not part or part == ".":
+            continue
+
+        if part[:1] in "0123456789":
+            # pad for numeric comparison
+            yield part.zfill(8)
+        else:
+            yield "*" + part
+
+    # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final
+    yield "*final"
+
+
+def _legacy_cmpkey(version: str) -> LegacyCmpKey:
+
+    # We hardcode an epoch of -1 here. A PEP 440 version can only have a epoch
+    # greater than or equal to 0. This will effectively put the LegacyVersion,
+    # which uses the defacto standard originally implemented by setuptools,
+    # as before all PEP 440 versions.
+    epoch = -1
+
+    # This scheme is taken from pkg_resources.parse_version setuptools prior to
+    # it's adoption of the packaging library.
+    parts: List[str] = []
+    for part in _parse_version_parts(version.lower()):
+        if part.startswith("*"):
+            # remove "-" before a prerelease tag
+            if part < "*final":
+                while parts and parts[-1] == "*final-":
+                    parts.pop()
+
+            # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts
+            while parts and parts[-1] == "00000000":
+                parts.pop()
+
+        parts.append(part)
+
+    return epoch, tuple(parts)
+
+
+# Deliberately not anchored to the start and end of the string, to make it
+# easier for 3rd party code to reuse
+VERSION_PATTERN = r"""
+    v?
+    (?:
+        (?:(?P<epoch>[0-9]+)!)?                           # epoch
+        (?P<release>[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)                  # release segment
+        (?P<pre>                                          # pre-release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<pre_l>(a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<pre_n>[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+        (?P<post>                                         # post release
+            (?:-(?P<post_n1>[0-9]+))
+            |
+            (?:
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P<post_l>post|rev|r)
+                [-_\.]?
+                (?P<post_n2>[0-9]+)?
+            )
+        )?
+        (?P<dev>                                          # dev release
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<dev_l>dev)
+            [-_\.]?
+            (?P<dev_n>[0-9]+)?
+        )?
+    )
+    (?:\+(?P<local>[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?       # local version
+"""
+
+
+class Version(_BaseVersion):
+
+    _regex = re.compile(r"^\s*" + VERSION_PATTERN + r"\s*$", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    def __init__(self, version: str) -> None:
+
+        # Validate the version and parse it into pieces
+        match = self._regex.search(version)
+        if not match:
+            raise InvalidVersion(f"Invalid version: '{version}'")
+
+        # Store the parsed out pieces of the version
+        self._version = _Version(
+            epoch=int(match.group("epoch")) if match.group("epoch") else 0,
+            release=tuple(int(i) for i in match.group("release").split(".")),
+            pre=_parse_letter_version(match.group("pre_l"), match.group("pre_n")),
+            post=_parse_letter_version(
+                match.group("post_l"), match.group("post_n1") or match.group("post_n2")
+            ),
+            dev=_parse_letter_version(match.group("dev_l"), match.group("dev_n")),
+            local=_parse_local_version(match.group("local")),
+        )
+
+        # Generate a key which will be used for sorting
+        self._key = _cmpkey(
+            self._version.epoch,
+            self._version.release,
+            self._version.pre,
+            self._version.post,
+            self._version.dev,
+            self._version.local,
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Version('{self}')>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append(f"{self.epoch}!")
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
+
+        # Pre-release
+        if self.pre is not None:
+            parts.append("".join(str(x) for x in self.pre))
+
+        # Post-release
+        if self.post is not None:
+            parts.append(f".post{self.post}")
+
+        # Development release
+        if self.dev is not None:
+            parts.append(f".dev{self.dev}")
+
+        # Local version segment
+        if self.local is not None:
+            parts.append(f"+{self.local}")
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def epoch(self) -> int:
+        _epoch: int = self._version.epoch
+        return _epoch
+
+    @property
+    def release(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+        _release: Tuple[int, ...] = self._version.release
+        return _release
+
+    @property
+    def pre(self) -> Optional[Tuple[str, int]]:
+        _pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = self._version.pre
+        return _pre
+
+    @property
+    def post(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        return self._version.post[1] if self._version.post else None
+
+    @property
+    def dev(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        return self._version.dev[1] if self._version.dev else None
+
+    @property
+    def local(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        if self._version.local:
+            return ".".join(str(x) for x in self._version.local)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def public(self) -> str:
+        return str(self).split("+", 1)[0]
+
+    @property
+    def base_version(self) -> str:
+        parts = []
+
+        # Epoch
+        if self.epoch != 0:
+            parts.append(f"{self.epoch}!")
+
+        # Release segment
+        parts.append(".".join(str(x) for x in self.release))
+
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    @property
+    def is_prerelease(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dev is not None or self.pre is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_postrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return self.post is not None
+
+    @property
+    def is_devrelease(self) -> bool:
+        return self.dev is not None
+
+    @property
+    def major(self) -> int:
+        return self.release[0] if len(self.release) >= 1 else 0
+
+    @property
+    def minor(self) -> int:
+        return self.release[1] if len(self.release) >= 2 else 0
+
+    @property
+    def micro(self) -> int:
+        return self.release[2] if len(self.release) >= 3 else 0
+
+
+def _parse_letter_version(
+    letter: str, number: Union[str, bytes, SupportsInt]
+) -> Optional[Tuple[str, int]]:
+
+    if letter:
+        # We consider there to be an implicit 0 in a pre-release if there is
+        # not a numeral associated with it.
+        if number is None:
+            number = 0
+
+        # We normalize any letters to their lower case form
+        letter = letter.lower()
+
+        # We consider some words to be alternate spellings of other words and
+        # in those cases we want to normalize the spellings to our preferred
+        # spelling.
+        if letter == "alpha":
+            letter = "a"
+        elif letter == "beta":
+            letter = "b"
+        elif letter in ["c", "pre", "preview"]:
+            letter = "rc"
+        elif letter in ["rev", "r"]:
+            letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+    if not letter and number:
+        # We assume if we are given a number, but we are not given a letter
+        # then this is using the implicit post release syntax (e.g. 1.0-1)
+        letter = "post"
+
+        return letter, int(number)
+
+    return None
+
+
+_local_version_separators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
+
+
+def _parse_local_version(local: str) -> Optional[LocalType]:
+    """
+    Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
+    """
+    if local is not None:
+        return tuple(
+            part.lower() if not part.isdigit() else int(part)
+            for part in _local_version_separators.split(local)
+        )
+    return None
+
+
+def _cmpkey(
+    epoch: int,
+    release: Tuple[int, ...],
+    pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
+    post: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
+    dev: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
+    local: Optional[Tuple[SubLocalType]],
+) -> CmpKey:
+
+    # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
+    # trailing zeros removed. So we'll use a reverse the list, drop all the now
+    # leading zeros until we come to something non zero, then take the rest
+    # re-reverse it back into the correct order and make it a tuple and use
+    # that for our sorting key.
+    _release = tuple(
+        reversed(list(itertools.dropwhile(lambda x: x == 0, reversed(release))))
+    )
+
+    # We need to "trick" the sorting algorithm to put 1.0.dev0 before 1.0a0.
+    # We'll do this by abusing the pre segment, but we _only_ want to do this
+    # if there is not a pre or a post segment. If we have one of those then
+    # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
+    if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
+        _pre: PrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+    # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
+    # those with one.
+    elif pre is None:
+        _pre = Infinity
+    else:
+        _pre = pre
+
+    # Versions without a post segment should sort before those with one.
+    if post is None:
+        _post: PrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+
+    else:
+        _post = post
+
+    # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
+    if dev is None:
+        _dev: PrePostDevType = Infinity
+
+    else:
+        _dev = dev
+
+    if local is None:
+        # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
+        _local: LocalType = NegativeInfinity
+    else:
+        # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
+        # the sorting rules in PEP440.
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort before numeric segments
+        # - Alpha numeric segments sort lexicographically
+        # - Numeric segments sort numerically
+        # - Shorter versions sort before longer versions when the prefixes
+        #   match exactly
+        _local = tuple(
+            (i, "") if isinstance(i, int) else (NegativeInfinity, i) for i in local
+        )
+
+    return epoch, _release, _pre, _post, _dev, _local
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad27940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3361 @@
+"""
+Package resource API
+--------------------
+
+A resource is a logical file contained within a package, or a logical
+subdirectory thereof.  The package resource API expects resource names
+to have their path parts separated with ``/``, *not* whatever the local
+path separator is.  Do not use os.path operations to manipulate resource
+names being passed into the API.
+
+The package resource API is designed to work with normal filesystem packages,
+.egg files, and unpacked .egg files.  It can also work in a limited way with
+.zip files and with custom PEP 302 loaders that support the ``get_data()``
+method.
+
+This module is deprecated. Users are directed to :mod:`importlib.resources`,
+:mod:`importlib.metadata` and :pypi:`packaging` instead.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import io
+import time
+import re
+import types
+import zipfile
+import zipimport
+import warnings
+import stat
+import functools
+import pkgutil
+import operator
+import platform
+import collections
+import plistlib
+import email.parser
+import errno
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+import inspect
+import ntpath
+import posixpath
+import importlib
+from pkgutil import get_importer
+
+try:
+    import _imp
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 3.2 compatibility
+    import imp as _imp
+
+try:
+    FileExistsError
+except NameError:
+    FileExistsError = OSError
+
+# capture these to bypass sandboxing
+from os import utime
+
+try:
+    from os import mkdir, rename, unlink
+
+    WRITE_SUPPORT = True
+except ImportError:
+    # no write support, probably under GAE
+    WRITE_SUPPORT = False
+
+from os import open as os_open
+from os.path import isdir, split
+
+try:
+    import importlib.machinery as importlib_machinery
+
+    # access attribute to force import under delayed import mechanisms.
+    importlib_machinery.__name__
+except ImportError:
+    importlib_machinery = None
+
+from pip._internal.utils._jaraco_text import (
+    yield_lines,
+    drop_comment,
+    join_continuation,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor import platformdirs
+from pip._vendor import packaging
+
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.version')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.requirements')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.markers')
+__import__('pip._vendor.packaging.utils')
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+    raise RuntimeError("Python 3.5 or later is required")
+
+# declare some globals that will be defined later to
+# satisfy the linters.
+require = None
+working_set = None
+add_activation_listener = None
+resources_stream = None
+cleanup_resources = None
+resource_dir = None
+resource_stream = None
+set_extraction_path = None
+resource_isdir = None
+resource_string = None
+iter_entry_points = None
+resource_listdir = None
+resource_filename = None
+resource_exists = None
+_distribution_finders = None
+_namespace_handlers = None
+_namespace_packages = None
+
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. "
+    "See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2
+)
+
+
+_PEP440_FALLBACK = re.compile(r"^v?(?P<safe>(?:[0-9]+!)?[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)", re.I)
+
+
+class PEP440Warning(RuntimeWarning):
+    """
+    Used when there is an issue with a version or specifier not complying with
+    PEP 440.
+    """
+
+
+parse_version = packaging.version.Version
+
+
+_state_vars = {}
+
+
+def _declare_state(vartype, **kw):
+    globals().update(kw)
+    _state_vars.update(dict.fromkeys(kw, vartype))
+
+
+def __getstate__():
+    state = {}
+    g = globals()
+    for k, v in _state_vars.items():
+        state[k] = g['_sget_' + v](g[k])
+    return state
+
+
+def __setstate__(state):
+    g = globals()
+    for k, v in state.items():
+        g['_sset_' + _state_vars[k]](k, g[k], v)
+    return state
+
+
+def _sget_dict(val):
+    return val.copy()
+
+
+def _sset_dict(key, ob, state):
+    ob.clear()
+    ob.update(state)
+
+
+def _sget_object(val):
+    return val.__getstate__()
+
+
+def _sset_object(key, ob, state):
+    ob.__setstate__(state)
+
+
+_sget_none = _sset_none = lambda *args: None
+
+
+def get_supported_platform():
+    """Return this platform's maximum compatible version.
+
+    distutils.util.get_platform() normally reports the minimum version
+    of macOS that would be required to *use* extensions produced by
+    distutils.  But what we want when checking compatibility is to know the
+    version of macOS that we are *running*.  To allow usage of packages that
+    explicitly require a newer version of macOS, we must also know the
+    current version of the OS.
+
+    If this condition occurs for any other platform with a version in its
+    platform strings, this function should be extended accordingly.
+    """
+    plat = get_build_platform()
+    m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
+    if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
+        try:
+            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macos_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
+        except ValueError:
+            # not macOS
+            pass
+    return plat
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Basic resource access and distribution/entry point discovery
+    'require',
+    'run_script',
+    'get_provider',
+    'get_distribution',
+    'load_entry_point',
+    'get_entry_map',
+    'get_entry_info',
+    'iter_entry_points',
+    'resource_string',
+    'resource_stream',
+    'resource_filename',
+    'resource_listdir',
+    'resource_exists',
+    'resource_isdir',
+    # Environmental control
+    'declare_namespace',
+    'working_set',
+    'add_activation_listener',
+    'find_distributions',
+    'set_extraction_path',
+    'cleanup_resources',
+    'get_default_cache',
+    # Primary implementation classes
+    'Environment',
+    'WorkingSet',
+    'ResourceManager',
+    'Distribution',
+    'Requirement',
+    'EntryPoint',
+    # Exceptions
+    'ResolutionError',
+    'VersionConflict',
+    'DistributionNotFound',
+    'UnknownExtra',
+    'ExtractionError',
+    # Warnings
+    'PEP440Warning',
+    # Parsing functions and string utilities
+    'parse_requirements',
+    'parse_version',
+    'safe_name',
+    'safe_version',
+    'get_platform',
+    'compatible_platforms',
+    'yield_lines',
+    'split_sections',
+    'safe_extra',
+    'to_filename',
+    'invalid_marker',
+    'evaluate_marker',
+    # filesystem utilities
+    'ensure_directory',
+    'normalize_path',
+    # Distribution "precedence" constants
+    'EGG_DIST',
+    'BINARY_DIST',
+    'SOURCE_DIST',
+    'CHECKOUT_DIST',
+    'DEVELOP_DIST',
+    # "Provider" interfaces, implementations, and registration/lookup APIs
+    'IMetadataProvider',
+    'IResourceProvider',
+    'FileMetadata',
+    'PathMetadata',
+    'EggMetadata',
+    'EmptyProvider',
+    'empty_provider',
+    'NullProvider',
+    'EggProvider',
+    'DefaultProvider',
+    'ZipProvider',
+    'register_finder',
+    'register_namespace_handler',
+    'register_loader_type',
+    'fixup_namespace_packages',
+    'get_importer',
+    # Warnings
+    'PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning',
+    # Deprecated/backward compatibility only
+    'run_main',
+    'AvailableDistributions',
+]
+
+
+class ResolutionError(Exception):
+    """Abstract base for dependency resolution errors"""
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + repr(self.args)
+
+
+class VersionConflict(ResolutionError):
+    """
+    An already-installed version conflicts with the requested version.
+
+    Should be initialized with the installed Distribution and the requested
+    Requirement.
+    """
+
+    _template = "{self.dist} is installed but {self.req} is required"
+
+    @property
+    def dist(self):
+        return self.args[0]
+
+    @property
+    def req(self):
+        return self.args[1]
+
+    def report(self):
+        return self._template.format(**locals())
+
+    def with_context(self, required_by):
+        """
+        If required_by is non-empty, return a version of self that is a
+        ContextualVersionConflict.
+        """
+        if not required_by:
+            return self
+        args = self.args + (required_by,)
+        return ContextualVersionConflict(*args)
+
+
+class ContextualVersionConflict(VersionConflict):
+    """
+    A VersionConflict that accepts a third parameter, the set of the
+    requirements that required the installed Distribution.
+    """
+
+    _template = VersionConflict._template + ' by {self.required_by}'
+
+    @property
+    def required_by(self):
+        return self.args[2]
+
+
+class DistributionNotFound(ResolutionError):
+    """A requested distribution was not found"""
+
+    _template = (
+        "The '{self.req}' distribution was not found "
+        "and is required by {self.requirers_str}"
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def req(self):
+        return self.args[0]
+
+    @property
+    def requirers(self):
+        return self.args[1]
+
+    @property
+    def requirers_str(self):
+        if not self.requirers:
+            return 'the application'
+        return ', '.join(self.requirers)
+
+    def report(self):
+        return self._template.format(**locals())
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.report()
+
+
+class UnknownExtra(ResolutionError):
+    """Distribution doesn't have an "extra feature" of the given name"""
+
+
+_provider_factories = {}
+
+PY_MAJOR = '{}.{}'.format(*sys.version_info)
+EGG_DIST = 3
+BINARY_DIST = 2
+SOURCE_DIST = 1
+CHECKOUT_DIST = 0
+DEVELOP_DIST = -1
+
+
+def register_loader_type(loader_type, provider_factory):
+    """Register `provider_factory` to make providers for `loader_type`
+
+    `loader_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 ``module.__loader__``,
+    and `provider_factory` is a function that, passed a *module* object,
+    returns an ``IResourceProvider`` for that module.
+    """
+    _provider_factories[loader_type] = provider_factory
+
+
+def get_provider(moduleOrReq):
+    """Return an IResourceProvider for the named module or requirement"""
+    if isinstance(moduleOrReq, Requirement):
+        return working_set.find(moduleOrReq) or require(str(moduleOrReq))[0]
+    try:
+        module = sys.modules[moduleOrReq]
+    except KeyError:
+        __import__(moduleOrReq)
+        module = sys.modules[moduleOrReq]
+    loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+    return _find_adapter(_provider_factories, loader)(module)
+
+
+def _macos_vers(_cache=[]):
+    if not _cache:
+        version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+        # fallback for MacPorts
+        if version == '':
+            plist = '/System/Library/CoreServices/SystemVersion.plist'
+            if os.path.exists(plist):
+                if hasattr(plistlib, 'readPlist'):
+                    plist_content = plistlib.readPlist(plist)
+                    if 'ProductVersion' in plist_content:
+                        version = plist_content['ProductVersion']
+
+        _cache.append(version.split('.'))
+    return _cache[0]
+
+
+def _macos_arch(machine):
+    return {'PowerPC': 'ppc', 'Power_Macintosh': 'ppc'}.get(machine, machine)
+
+
+def get_build_platform():
+    """Return this platform's string for platform-specific distributions
+
+    XXX Currently this is the same as ``distutils.util.get_platform()``, but it
+    needs some hacks for Linux and macOS.
+    """
+    from sysconfig import get_platform
+
+    plat = get_platform()
+    if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
+        try:
+            version = _macos_vers()
+            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
+            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (
+                int(version[0]),
+                int(version[1]),
+                _macos_arch(machine),
+            )
+        except ValueError:
+            # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
+            # through to the default implementation
+            pass
+    return plat
+
+
+macosVersionString = re.compile(r"macosx-(\d+)\.(\d+)-(.*)")
+darwinVersionString = re.compile(r"darwin-(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)-(.*)")
+# XXX backward compat
+get_platform = get_build_platform
+
+
+def compatible_platforms(provided, required):
+    """Can code for the `provided` platform run on the `required` platform?
+
+    Returns true if either platform is ``None``, or the platforms are equal.
+
+    XXX Needs compatibility checks for Linux and other unixy OSes.
+    """
+    if provided is None or required is None or provided == required:
+        # easy case
+        return True
+
+    # macOS special cases
+    reqMac = macosVersionString.match(required)
+    if reqMac:
+        provMac = macosVersionString.match(provided)
+
+        # is this a Mac package?
+        if not provMac:
+            # this is backwards compatibility for packages built before
+            # setuptools 0.6. All packages built after this point will
+            # use the new macOS designation.
+            provDarwin = darwinVersionString.match(provided)
+            if provDarwin:
+                dversion = int(provDarwin.group(1))
+                macosversion = "%s.%s" % (reqMac.group(1), reqMac.group(2))
+                if (
+                    dversion == 7
+                    and macosversion >= "10.3"
+                    or dversion == 8
+                    and macosversion >= "10.4"
+                ):
+                    return True
+            # egg isn't macOS or legacy darwin
+            return False
+
+        # are they the same major version and machine type?
+        if provMac.group(1) != reqMac.group(1) or provMac.group(3) != reqMac.group(3):
+            return False
+
+        # is the required OS major update >= the provided one?
+        if int(provMac.group(2)) > int(reqMac.group(2)):
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    # XXX Linux and other platforms' special cases should go here
+    return False
+
+
+def run_script(dist_spec, script_name):
+    """Locate distribution `dist_spec` and run its `script_name` script"""
+    ns = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
+    name = ns['__name__']
+    ns.clear()
+    ns['__name__'] = name
+    require(dist_spec)[0].run_script(script_name, ns)
+
+
+# backward compatibility
+run_main = run_script
+
+
+def get_distribution(dist):
+    """Return a current distribution object for a Requirement or string"""
+    if isinstance(dist, str):
+        dist = Requirement.parse(dist)
+    if isinstance(dist, Requirement):
+        dist = get_provider(dist)
+    if not isinstance(dist, Distribution):
+        raise TypeError("Expected string, Requirement, or Distribution", dist)
+    return dist
+
+
+def load_entry_point(dist, group, name):
+    """Return `name` entry point of `group` for `dist` or raise ImportError"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
+
+
+def get_entry_map(dist, group=None):
+    """Return the entry point map for `group`, or the full entry map"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).get_entry_map(group)
+
+
+def get_entry_info(dist, group, name):
+    """Return the EntryPoint object for `group`+`name`, or ``None``"""
+    return get_distribution(dist).get_entry_info(group, name)
+
+
+class IMetadataProvider:
+    def has_metadata(name):
+        """Does the package's distribution contain the named metadata?"""
+
+    def get_metadata(name):
+        """The named metadata resource as a string"""
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(name):
+        """Yield named metadata resource as list of non-blank non-comment lines
+
+        Leading and trailing whitespace is stripped from each line, and lines
+        with ``#`` as the first non-blank character are omitted."""
+
+    def metadata_isdir(name):
+        """Is the named metadata a directory?  (like ``os.path.isdir()``)"""
+
+    def metadata_listdir(name):
+        """List of metadata names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``)"""
+
+    def run_script(script_name, namespace):
+        """Execute the named script in the supplied namespace dictionary"""
+
+
+class IResourceProvider(IMetadataProvider):
+    """An object that provides access to package resources"""
+
+    def get_resource_filename(manager, resource_name):
+        """Return a true filesystem path for `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be an ``IResourceManager``"""
+
+    def get_resource_stream(manager, resource_name):
+        """Return a readable file-like object for `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be an ``IResourceManager``"""
+
+    def get_resource_string(manager, resource_name):
+        """Return a string containing the contents of `resource_name`
+
+        `manager` must be an ``IResourceManager``"""
+
+    def has_resource(resource_name):
+        """Does the package contain the named resource?"""
+
+    def resource_isdir(resource_name):
+        """Is the named resource a directory?  (like ``os.path.isdir()``)"""
+
+    def resource_listdir(resource_name):
+        """List of resource names in the directory (like ``os.listdir()``)"""
+
+
+class WorkingSet:
+    """A collection of active distributions on sys.path (or a similar list)"""
+
+    def __init__(self, entries=None):
+        """Create working set from list of path entries (default=sys.path)"""
+        self.entries = []
+        self.entry_keys = {}
+        self.by_key = {}
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys = {}
+        self.callbacks = []
+
+        if entries is None:
+            entries = sys.path
+
+        for entry in entries:
+            self.add_entry(entry)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_master(cls):
+        """
+        Prepare the master working set.
+        """
+        ws = cls()
+        try:
+            from __main__ import __requires__
+        except ImportError:
+            # The main program does not list any requirements
+            return ws
+
+        # ensure the requirements are met
+        try:
+            ws.require(__requires__)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
+
+        return ws
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_from_requirements(cls, req_spec):
+        """
+        Build a working set from a requirement spec. Rewrites sys.path.
+        """
+        # try it without defaults already on sys.path
+        # by starting with an empty path
+        ws = cls([])
+        reqs = parse_requirements(req_spec)
+        dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
+        for dist in dists:
+            ws.add(dist)
+
+        # add any missing entries from sys.path
+        for entry in sys.path:
+            if entry not in ws.entries:
+                ws.add_entry(entry)
+
+        # then copy back to sys.path
+        sys.path[:] = ws.entries
+        return ws
+
+    def add_entry(self, entry):
+        """Add a path item to ``.entries``, finding any distributions on it
+
+        ``find_distributions(entry, True)`` is used to find distributions
+        corresponding to the path entry, and they are added.  `entry` is
+        always appended to ``.entries``, even if it is already present.
+        (This is because ``sys.path`` can contain the same value more than
+        once, and the ``.entries`` of the ``sys.path`` WorkingSet should always
+        equal ``sys.path``.)
+        """
+        self.entry_keys.setdefault(entry, [])
+        self.entries.append(entry)
+        for dist in find_distributions(entry, True):
+            self.add(dist, entry, False)
+
+    def __contains__(self, dist):
+        """True if `dist` is the active distribution for its project"""
+        return self.by_key.get(dist.key) == dist
+
+    def find(self, req):
+        """Find a distribution matching requirement `req`
+
+        If there is an active distribution for the requested project, this
+        returns it as long as it meets the version requirement specified by
+        `req`.  But, if there is an active distribution for the project and it
+        does *not* meet the `req` requirement, ``VersionConflict`` is raised.
+        If there is no active distribution for the requested project, ``None``
+        is returned.
+        """
+        dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
+
+        if dist is None:
+            canonical_key = self.normalized_to_canonical_keys.get(req.key)
+
+            if canonical_key is not None:
+                req.key = canonical_key
+                dist = self.by_key.get(canonical_key)
+
+        if dist is not None and dist not in req:
+            # XXX add more info
+            raise VersionConflict(dist, req)
+        return dist
+
+    def iter_entry_points(self, group, name=None):
+        """Yield entry point objects from `group` matching `name`
+
+        If `name` is None, yields all entry points in `group` from all
+        distributions in the working set, otherwise only ones matching
+        both `group` and `name` are yielded (in distribution order).
+        """
+        return (
+            entry
+            for dist in self
+            for entry in dist.get_entry_map(group).values()
+            if name is None or name == entry.name
+        )
+
+    def run_script(self, requires, script_name):
+        """Locate distribution for `requires` and run `script_name` script"""
+        ns = sys._getframe(1).f_globals
+        name = ns['__name__']
+        ns.clear()
+        ns['__name__'] = name
+        self.require(requires)[0].run_script(script_name, ns)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Yield distributions for non-duplicate projects in the working set
+
+        The yield order is the order in which the items' path entries were
+        added to the working set.
+        """
+        seen = {}
+        for item in self.entries:
+            if item not in self.entry_keys:
+                # workaround a cache issue
+                continue
+
+            for key in self.entry_keys[item]:
+                if key not in seen:
+                    seen[key] = 1
+                    yield self.by_key[key]
+
+    def add(self, dist, entry=None, insert=True, replace=False):
+        """Add `dist` to working set, associated with `entry`
+
+        If `entry` is unspecified, it defaults to the ``.location`` of `dist`.
+        On exit from this routine, `entry` is added to the end of the working
+        set's ``.entries`` (if it wasn't already present).
+
+        `dist` is only added to the working set if it's for a project that
+        doesn't already have a distribution in the set, unless `replace=True`.
+        If it's added, any callbacks registered with the ``subscribe()`` method
+        will be called.
+        """
+        if insert:
+            dist.insert_on(self.entries, entry, replace=replace)
+
+        if entry is None:
+            entry = dist.location
+        keys = self.entry_keys.setdefault(entry, [])
+        keys2 = self.entry_keys.setdefault(dist.location, [])
+        if not replace and dist.key in self.by_key:
+            # ignore hidden distros
+            return
+
+        self.by_key[dist.key] = dist
+        normalized_name = packaging.utils.canonicalize_name(dist.key)
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys[normalized_name] = dist.key
+        if dist.key not in keys:
+            keys.append(dist.key)
+        if dist.key not in keys2:
+            keys2.append(dist.key)
+        self._added_new(dist)
+
+    def resolve(
+        self,
+        requirements,
+        env=None,
+        installer=None,
+        replace_conflicting=False,
+        extras=None,
+    ):
+        """List all distributions needed to (recursively) meet `requirements`
+
+        `requirements` must be a sequence of ``Requirement`` objects.  `env`,
+        if supplied, should be an ``Environment`` instance.  If
+        not supplied, it defaults to all distributions available within any
+        entry or distribution in the working set.  `installer`, if supplied,
+        will be invoked with each requirement that cannot be met by an
+        already-installed distribution; it should return a ``Distribution`` or
+        ``None``.
+
+        Unless `replace_conflicting=True`, raises a VersionConflict exception
+        if
+        any requirements are found on the path that have the correct name but
+        the wrong version.  Otherwise, if an `installer` is supplied it will be
+        invoked to obtain the correct version of the requirement and activate
+        it.
+
+        `extras` is a list of the extras to be used with these requirements.
+        This is important because extra requirements may look like `my_req;
+        extra = "my_extra"`, which would otherwise be interpreted as a purely
+        optional requirement.  Instead, we want to be able to assert that these
+        requirements are truly required.
+        """
+
+        # set up the stack
+        requirements = list(requirements)[::-1]
+        # set of processed requirements
+        processed = {}
+        # key -> dist
+        best = {}
+        to_activate = []
+
+        req_extras = _ReqExtras()
+
+        # Mapping of requirement to set of distributions that required it;
+        # useful for reporting info about conflicts.
+        required_by = collections.defaultdict(set)
+
+        while requirements:
+            # process dependencies breadth-first
+            req = requirements.pop(0)
+            if req in processed:
+                # Ignore cyclic or redundant dependencies
+                continue
+
+            if not req_extras.markers_pass(req, extras):
+                continue
+
+            dist = self._resolve_dist(
+                req, best, replace_conflicting, env, installer, required_by, to_activate
+            )
+
+            # push the new requirements onto the stack
+            new_requirements = dist.requires(req.extras)[::-1]
+            requirements.extend(new_requirements)
+
+            # Register the new requirements needed by req
+            for new_requirement in new_requirements:
+                required_by[new_requirement].add(req.project_name)
+                req_extras[new_requirement] = req.extras
+
+            processed[req] = True
+
+        # return list of distros to activate
+        return to_activate
+
+    def _resolve_dist(
+        self, req, best, replace_conflicting, env, installer, required_by, to_activate
+    ):
+        dist = best.get(req.key)
+        if dist is None:
+            # Find the best distribution and add it to the map
+            dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
+            if dist is None or (dist not in req and replace_conflicting):
+                ws = self
+                if env is None:
+                    if dist is None:
+                        env = Environment(self.entries)
+                    else:
+                        # Use an empty environment and workingset to avoid
+                        # any further conflicts with the conflicting
+                        # distribution
+                        env = Environment([])
+                        ws = WorkingSet([])
+                dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
+                    req, ws, installer, replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting
+                )
+                if dist is None:
+                    requirers = required_by.get(req, None)
+                    raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
+            to_activate.append(dist)
+        if dist not in req:
+            # Oops, the "best" so far conflicts with a dependency
+            dependent_req = required_by[req]
+            raise VersionConflict(dist, req).with_context(dependent_req)
+        return dist
+
+    def find_plugins(self, plugin_env, full_env=None, installer=None, fallback=True):
+        """Find all activatable distributions in `plugin_env`
+
+        Example usage::
+
+            distributions, errors = working_set.find_plugins(
+                Environment(plugin_dirlist)
+            )
+            # add plugins+libs to sys.path
+            map(working_set.add, distributions)
+            # display errors
+            print('Could not load', errors)
+
+        The `plugin_env` should be an ``Environment`` instance that contains
+        only distributions that are in the project's "plugin directory" or
+        directories. The `full_env`, if supplied, should be an ``Environment``
+        contains all currently-available distributions.  If `full_env` is not
+        supplied, one is created automatically from the ``WorkingSet`` this
+        method is called on, which will typically mean that every directory on
+        ``sys.path`` will be scanned for distributions.
+
+        `installer` is a standard installer callback as used by the
+        ``resolve()`` method. The `fallback` flag indicates whether we should
+        attempt to resolve older versions of a plugin if the newest version
+        cannot be resolved.
+
+        This method returns a 2-tuple: (`distributions`, `error_info`), where
+        `distributions` is a list of the distributions found in `plugin_env`
+        that were loadable, along with any other distributions that are needed
+        to resolve their dependencies.  `error_info` is a dictionary mapping
+        unloadable plugin distributions to an exception instance describing the
+        error that occurred. Usually this will be a ``DistributionNotFound`` or
+        ``VersionConflict`` instance.
+        """
+
+        plugin_projects = list(plugin_env)
+        # scan project names in alphabetic order
+        plugin_projects.sort()
+
+        error_info = {}
+        distributions = {}
+
+        if full_env is None:
+            env = Environment(self.entries)
+            env += plugin_env
+        else:
+            env = full_env + plugin_env
+
+        shadow_set = self.__class__([])
+        # put all our entries in shadow_set
+        list(map(shadow_set.add, self))
+
+        for project_name in plugin_projects:
+            for dist in plugin_env[project_name]:
+                req = [dist.as_requirement()]
+
+                try:
+                    resolvees = shadow_set.resolve(req, env, installer)
+
+                except ResolutionError as v:
+                    # save error info
+                    error_info[dist] = v
+                    if fallback:
+                        # try the next older version of project
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        # give up on this project, keep going
+                        break
+
+                else:
+                    list(map(shadow_set.add, resolvees))
+                    distributions.update(dict.fromkeys(resolvees))
+
+                    # success, no need to try any more versions of this project
+                    break
+
+        distributions = list(distributions)
+        distributions.sort()
+
+        return distributions, error_info
+
+    def require(self, *requirements):
+        """Ensure that distributions matching `requirements` are activated
+
+        `requirements` must be a string or a (possibly-nested) sequence
+        thereof, specifying the distributions and versions required.  The
+        return value is a sequence of the distributions that needed to be
+        activated to fulfill the requirements; all relevant distributions are
+        included, even if they were already activated in this working set.
+        """
+        needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
+
+        for dist in needed:
+            self.add(dist)
+
+        return needed
+
+    def subscribe(self, callback, existing=True):
+        """Invoke `callback` for all distributions
+
+        If `existing=True` (default),
+        call on all existing ones, as well.
+        """
+        if callback in self.callbacks:
+            return
+        self.callbacks.append(callback)
+        if not existing:
+            return
+        for dist in self:
+            callback(dist)
+
+    def _added_new(self, dist):
+        for callback in self.callbacks:
+            callback(dist)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return (
+            self.entries[:],
+            self.entry_keys.copy(),
+            self.by_key.copy(),
+            self.normalized_to_canonical_keys.copy(),
+            self.callbacks[:],
+        )
+
+    def __setstate__(self, e_k_b_n_c):
+        entries, keys, by_key, normalized_to_canonical_keys, callbacks = e_k_b_n_c
+        self.entries = entries[:]
+        self.entry_keys = keys.copy()
+        self.by_key = by_key.copy()
+        self.normalized_to_canonical_keys = normalized_to_canonical_keys.copy()
+        self.callbacks = callbacks[:]
+
+
+class _ReqExtras(dict):
+    """
+    Map each requirement to the extras that demanded it.
+    """
+
+    def markers_pass(self, req, extras=None):
+        """
+        Evaluate markers for req against each extra that
+        demanded it.
+
+        Return False if the req has a marker and fails
+        evaluation. Otherwise, return True.
+        """
+        extra_evals = (
+            req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra})
+            for extra in self.get(req, ()) + (extras or (None,))
+        )
+        return not req.marker or any(extra_evals)
+
+
+class Environment:
+    """Searchable snapshot of distributions on a search path"""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, search_path=None, platform=get_supported_platform(), python=PY_MAJOR
+    ):
+        """Snapshot distributions available on a search path
+
+        Any distributions found on `search_path` are added to the environment.
+        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
+        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.
+
+        `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform
+        that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with.  If
+        unspecified, it defaults to the current platform.  `python` is an
+        optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'3.6'``);
+        it defaults to the current version.
+
+        You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you
+        wish to map *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the
+        running platform or Python version.
+        """
+        self._distmap = {}
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.python = python
+        self.scan(search_path)
+
+    def can_add(self, dist):
+        """Is distribution `dist` acceptable for this environment?
+
+        The distribution must match the platform and python version
+        requirements specified when this environment was created, or False
+        is returned.
+        """
+        py_compat = (
+            self.python is None
+            or dist.py_version is None
+            or dist.py_version == self.python
+        )
+        return py_compat and compatible_platforms(dist.platform, self.platform)
+
+    def remove(self, dist):
+        """Remove `dist` from the environment"""
+        self._distmap[dist.key].remove(dist)
+
+    def scan(self, search_path=None):
+        """Scan `search_path` for distributions usable in this environment
+
+        Any distributions found are added to the environment.
+        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
+        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.  Only distributions conforming to
+        the platform/python version defined at initialization are added.
+        """
+        if search_path is None:
+            search_path = sys.path
+
+        for item in search_path:
+            for dist in find_distributions(item):
+                self.add(dist)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, project_name):
+        """Return a newest-to-oldest list of distributions for `project_name`
+
+        Uses case-insensitive `project_name` comparison, assuming all the
+        project's distributions use their project's name converted to all
+        lowercase as their key.
+
+        """
+        distribution_key = project_name.lower()
+        return self._distmap.get(distribution_key, [])
+
+    def add(self, dist):
+        """Add `dist` if we ``can_add()`` it and it has not already been added"""
+        if self.can_add(dist) and dist.has_version():
+            dists = self._distmap.setdefault(dist.key, [])
+            if dist not in dists:
+                dists.append(dist)
+                dists.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('hashcmp'), reverse=True)
+
+    def best_match(self, req, working_set, installer=None, replace_conflicting=False):
+        """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`
+
+        This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
+        suitable distribution is already active.  (This may raise
+        ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already
+        active in the specified `working_set`.)  If a suitable distribution
+        isn't active, this method returns the newest distribution in the
+        environment that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`.  If no suitable
+        distribution is found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of
+        calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
+        returned.
+        """
+        try:
+            dist = working_set.find(req)
+        except VersionConflict:
+            if not replace_conflicting:
+                raise
+            dist = None
+        if dist is not None:
+            return dist
+        for dist in self[req.key]:
+            if dist in req:
+                return dist
+        # try to download/install
+        return self.obtain(req, installer)
+
+    def obtain(self, requirement, installer=None):
+        """Obtain a distribution matching `requirement` (e.g. via download)
+
+        Obtain a distro that matches requirement (e.g. via download).  In the
+        base ``Environment`` class, this routine just returns
+        ``installer(requirement)``, unless `installer` is None, in which case
+        None is returned instead.  This method is a hook that allows subclasses
+        to attempt other ways of obtaining a distribution before falling back
+        to the `installer` argument."""
+        if installer is not None:
+            return installer(requirement)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Yield the unique project names of the available distributions"""
+        for key in self._distmap.keys():
+            if self[key]:
+                yield key
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        """In-place addition of a distribution or environment"""
+        if isinstance(other, Distribution):
+            self.add(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, Environment):
+            for project in other:
+                for dist in other[project]:
+                    self.add(dist)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Can't add %r to environment" % (other,))
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """Add an environment or distribution to an environment"""
+        new = self.__class__([], platform=None, python=None)
+        for env in self, other:
+            new += env
+        return new
+
+
+# XXX backward compatibility
+AvailableDistributions = Environment
+
+
+class ExtractionError(RuntimeError):
+    """An error occurred extracting a resource
+
+    The following attributes are available from instances of this exception:
+
+    manager
+        The resource manager that raised this exception
+
+    cache_path
+        The base directory for resource extraction
+
+    original_error
+        The exception instance that caused extraction to fail
+    """
+
+
+class ResourceManager:
+    """Manage resource extraction and packages"""
+
+    extraction_path = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.cached_files = {}
+
+    def resource_exists(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Does the named resource exist?"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).has_resource(resource_name)
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Is the named resource an existing directory?"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).resource_isdir(resource_name)
+
+    def resource_filename(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Return a true filesystem path for specified resource"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_filename(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_stream(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Return a readable file-like object for specified resource"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_stream(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_string(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """Return specified resource as a string"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).get_resource_string(
+            self, resource_name
+        )
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, package_or_requirement, resource_name):
+        """List the contents of the named resource directory"""
+        return get_provider(package_or_requirement).resource_listdir(resource_name)
+
+    def extraction_error(self):
+        """Give an error message for problems extracting file(s)"""
+
+        old_exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+        cache_path = self.extraction_path or get_default_cache()
+
+        tmpl = textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+            Can't extract file(s) to egg cache
+
+            The following error occurred while trying to extract file(s)
+            to the Python egg cache:
+
+              {old_exc}
+
+            The Python egg cache directory is currently set to:
+
+              {cache_path}
+
+            Perhaps your account does not have write access to this directory?
+            You can change the cache directory by setting the PYTHON_EGG_CACHE
+            environment variable to point to an accessible directory.
+            """
+        ).lstrip()
+        err = ExtractionError(tmpl.format(**locals()))
+        err.manager = self
+        err.cache_path = cache_path
+        err.original_error = old_exc
+        raise err
+
+    def get_cache_path(self, archive_name, names=()):
+        """Return absolute location in cache for `archive_name` and `names`
+
+        The parent directory of the resulting path will be created if it does
+        not already exist.  `archive_name` should be the base filename of the
+        enclosing egg (which may not be the name of the enclosing zipfile!),
+        including its ".egg" extension.  `names`, if provided, should be a
+        sequence of path name parts "under" the egg's extraction location.
+
+        This method should only be called by resource providers that need to
+        obtain an extraction location, and only for names they intend to
+        extract, as it tracks the generated names for possible cleanup later.
+        """
+        extract_path = self.extraction_path or get_default_cache()
+        target_path = os.path.join(extract_path, archive_name + '-tmp', *names)
+        try:
+            _bypass_ensure_directory(target_path)
+        except Exception:
+            self.extraction_error()
+
+        self._warn_unsafe_extraction_path(extract_path)
+
+        self.cached_files[target_path] = 1
+        return target_path
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _warn_unsafe_extraction_path(path):
+        """
+        If the default extraction path is overridden and set to an insecure
+        location, such as /tmp, it opens up an opportunity for an attacker to
+        replace an extracted file with an unauthorized payload. Warn the user
+        if a known insecure location is used.
+
+        See Distribute #375 for more details.
+        """
+        if os.name == 'nt' and not path.startswith(os.environ['windir']):
+            # On Windows, permissions are generally restrictive by default
+            #  and temp directories are not writable by other users, so
+            #  bypass the warning.
+            return
+        mode = os.stat(path).st_mode
+        if mode & stat.S_IWOTH or mode & stat.S_IWGRP:
+            msg = (
+                "Extraction path is writable by group/others "
+                "and vulnerable to attack when "
+                "used with get_resource_filename ({path}). "
+                "Consider a more secure "
+                "location (set with .set_extraction_path or the "
+                "PYTHON_EGG_CACHE environment variable)."
+            ).format(**locals())
+            warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning)
+
+    def postprocess(self, tempname, filename):
+        """Perform any platform-specific postprocessing of `tempname`
+
+        This is where Mac header rewrites should be done; other platforms don't
+        have anything special they should do.
+
+        Resource providers should call this method ONLY after successfully
+        extracting a compressed resource.  They must NOT call it on resources
+        that are already in the filesystem.
+
+        `tempname` is the current (temporary) name of the file, and `filename`
+        is the name it will be renamed to by the caller after this routine
+        returns.
+        """
+
+        if os.name == 'posix':
+            # Make the resource executable
+            mode = ((os.stat(tempname).st_mode) | 0o555) & 0o7777
+            os.chmod(tempname, mode)
+
+    def set_extraction_path(self, path):
+        """Set the base path where resources will be extracted to, if needed.
+
+        If you do not call this routine before any extractions take place, the
+        path defaults to the return value of ``get_default_cache()``.  (Which
+        is based on the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable, with various
+        platform-specific fallbacks.  See that routine's documentation for more
+        details.)
+
+        Resources are extracted to subdirectories of this path based upon
+        information given by the ``IResourceProvider``.  You may set this to a
+        temporary directory, but then you must call ``cleanup_resources()`` to
+        delete the extracted files when done.  There is no guarantee that
+        ``cleanup_resources()`` will be able to remove all extracted files.
+
+        (Note: you may not change the extraction path for a given resource
+        manager once resources have been extracted, unless you first call
+        ``cleanup_resources()``.)
+        """
+        if self.cached_files:
+            raise ValueError("Can't change extraction path, files already extracted")
+
+        self.extraction_path = path
+
+    def cleanup_resources(self, force=False):
+        """
+        Delete all extracted resource files and directories, returning a list
+        of the file and directory names that could not be successfully removed.
+        This function does not have any concurrency protection, so it should
+        generally only be called when the extraction path is a temporary
+        directory exclusive to a single process.  This method is not
+        automatically called; you must call it explicitly or register it as an
+        ``atexit`` function if you wish to ensure cleanup of a temporary
+        directory used for extractions.
+        """
+        # XXX
+
+
+def get_default_cache():
+    """
+    Return the ``PYTHON_EGG_CACHE`` environment variable
+    or a platform-relevant user cache dir for an app
+    named "Python-Eggs".
+    """
+    return os.environ.get('PYTHON_EGG_CACHE') or platformdirs.user_cache_dir(
+        appname='Python-Eggs'
+    )
+
+
+def safe_name(name):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard distribution name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric/. characters are replaced with a single '-'.
+    """
+    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', name)
+
+
+def safe_version(version):
+    """
+    Convert an arbitrary string to a standard version string
+    """
+    try:
+        # normalize the version
+        return str(packaging.version.Version(version))
+    except packaging.version.InvalidVersion:
+        version = version.replace(' ', '.')
+        return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', version)
+
+
+def _forgiving_version(version):
+    """Fallback when ``safe_version`` is not safe enough
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.23ubuntu1'))
+    <Version('0.23.dev0+sanitized.ubuntu1')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.23-'))
+    <Version('0.23.dev0+sanitized')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('0.-_'))
+    <Version('0.dev0+sanitized')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('42.+?1'))
+    <Version('42.dev0+sanitized.1')>
+    >>> parse_version(_forgiving_version('hello world'))
+    <Version('0.dev0+sanitized.hello.world')>
+    """
+    version = version.replace(' ', '.')
+    match = _PEP440_FALLBACK.search(version)
+    if match:
+        safe = match["safe"]
+        rest = version[len(safe):]
+    else:
+        safe = "0"
+        rest = version
+    local = f"sanitized.{_safe_segment(rest)}".strip(".")
+    return f"{safe}.dev0+{local}"
+
+
+def _safe_segment(segment):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string into a safe segment"""
+    segment = re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', segment)
+    segment = re.sub('-[^A-Za-z0-9]+', '-', segment)
+    return re.sub(r'\.[^A-Za-z0-9]+', '.', segment).strip(".-")
+
+
+def safe_extra(extra):
+    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard 'extra' name
+
+    Any runs of non-alphanumeric characters are replaced with a single '_',
+    and the result is always lowercased.
+    """
+    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.-]+', '_', extra).lower()
+
+
+def to_filename(name):
+    """Convert a project or version name to its filename-escaped form
+
+    Any '-' characters are currently replaced with '_'.
+    """
+    return name.replace('-', '_')
+
+
+def invalid_marker(text):
+    """
+    Validate text as a PEP 508 environment marker; return an exception
+    if invalid or False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        evaluate_marker(text)
+    except SyntaxError as e:
+        e.filename = None
+        e.lineno = None
+        return e
+    return False
+
+
+def evaluate_marker(text, extra=None):
+    """
+    Evaluate a PEP 508 environment marker.
+    Return a boolean indicating the marker result in this environment.
+    Raise SyntaxError if marker is invalid.
+
+    This implementation uses the 'pyparsing' module.
+    """
+    try:
+        marker = packaging.markers.Marker(text)
+        return marker.evaluate()
+    except packaging.markers.InvalidMarker as e:
+        raise SyntaxError(e) from e
+
+
+class NullProvider:
+    """Try to implement resources and metadata for arbitrary PEP 302 loaders"""
+
+    egg_name = None
+    egg_info = None
+    loader = None
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        self.loader = getattr(module, '__loader__', None)
+        self.module_path = os.path.dirname(getattr(module, '__file__', ''))
+
+    def get_resource_filename(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name)
+
+    def get_resource_stream(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return io.BytesIO(self.get_resource_string(manager, resource_name))
+
+    def get_resource_string(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return self._get(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def has_resource(self, resource_name):
+        return self._has(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def _get_metadata_path(self, name):
+        return self._fn(self.egg_info, name)
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name):
+        if not self.egg_info:
+            return self.egg_info
+
+        path = self._get_metadata_path(name)
+        return self._has(path)
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name):
+        if not self.egg_info:
+            return ""
+        path = self._get_metadata_path(name)
+        value = self._get(path)
+        try:
+            return value.decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            # Include the path in the error message to simplify
+            # troubleshooting, and without changing the exception type.
+            exc.reason += ' in {} file at path: {}'.format(name, path)
+            raise
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name):
+        return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+    def resource_isdir(self, resource_name):
+        return self._isdir(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def metadata_isdir(self, name):
+        return self.egg_info and self._isdir(self._fn(self.egg_info, name))
+
+    def resource_listdir(self, resource_name):
+        return self._listdir(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+    def metadata_listdir(self, name):
+        if self.egg_info:
+            return self._listdir(self._fn(self.egg_info, name))
+        return []
+
+    def run_script(self, script_name, namespace):
+        script = 'scripts/' + script_name
+        if not self.has_metadata(script):
+            raise ResolutionError(
+                "Script {script!r} not found in metadata at {self.egg_info!r}".format(
+                    **locals()
+                ),
+            )
+        script_text = self.get_metadata(script).replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        script_text = script_text.replace('\r', '\n')
+        script_filename = self._fn(self.egg_info, script)
+        namespace['__file__'] = script_filename
+        if os.path.exists(script_filename):
+            with open(script_filename) as fid:
+                source = fid.read()
+            code = compile(source, script_filename, 'exec')
+            exec(code, namespace, namespace)
+        else:
+            from linecache import cache
+
+            cache[script_filename] = (
+                len(script_text),
+                0,
+                script_text.split('\n'),
+                script_filename,
+            )
+            script_code = compile(script_text, script_filename, 'exec')
+            exec(script_code, namespace, namespace)
+
+    def _has(self, path):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _isdir(self, path):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"
+        )
+
+    def _fn(self, base, resource_name):
+        self._validate_resource_path(resource_name)
+        if resource_name:
+            return os.path.join(base, *resource_name.split('/'))
+        return base
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_resource_path(path):
+        """
+        Validate the resource paths according to the docs.
+        https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#basic-resource-access
+
+        >>> warned = getfixture('recwarn')
+        >>> warnings.simplefilter('always')
+        >>> vrp = NullProvider._validate_resource_path
+        >>> vrp('foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+        >>> vrp('../foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> warned.clear()
+        >>> vrp('/foo/bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> vrp('foo/../../bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        True
+        >>> warned.clear()
+        >>> vrp('foo/f../bar.txt')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+
+        Windows path separators are straight-up disallowed.
+        >>> vrp(r'\\foo/bar.txt')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path \
+is not allowed.
+
+        >>> vrp(r'C:\\foo/bar.txt')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path \
+is not allowed.
+
+        Blank values are allowed
+
+        >>> vrp('')
+        >>> bool(warned)
+        False
+
+        Non-string values are not.
+
+        >>> vrp(None)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        AttributeError: ...
+        """
+        invalid = (
+            os.path.pardir in path.split(posixpath.sep)
+            or posixpath.isabs(path)
+            or ntpath.isabs(path)
+        )
+        if not invalid:
+            return
+
+        msg = "Use of .. or absolute path in a resource path is not allowed."
+
+        # Aggressively disallow Windows absolute paths
+        if ntpath.isabs(path) and not posixpath.isabs(path):
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        # for compatibility, warn; in future
+        # raise ValueError(msg)
+        issue_warning(
+            msg[:-1] + " and will raise exceptions in a future release.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        if hasattr(self.loader, 'get_data'):
+            return self.loader.get_data(path)
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Can't perform this operation for loaders without 'get_data()'"
+        )
+
+
+register_loader_type(object, NullProvider)
+
+
+def _parents(path):
+    """
+    yield all parents of path including path
+    """
+    last = None
+    while path != last:
+        yield path
+        last = path
+        path, _ = os.path.split(path)
+
+
+class EggProvider(NullProvider):
+    """Provider based on a virtual filesystem"""
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super().__init__(module)
+        self._setup_prefix()
+
+    def _setup_prefix(self):
+        # Assume that metadata may be nested inside a "basket"
+        # of multiple eggs and use module_path instead of .archive.
+        eggs = filter(_is_egg_path, _parents(self.module_path))
+        egg = next(eggs, None)
+        egg and self._set_egg(egg)
+
+    def _set_egg(self, path):
+        self.egg_name = os.path.basename(path)
+        self.egg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO')
+        self.egg_root = path
+
+
+class DefaultProvider(EggProvider):
+    """Provides access to package resources in the filesystem"""
+
+    def _has(self, path):
+        return os.path.exists(path)
+
+    def _isdir(self, path):
+        return os.path.isdir(path)
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        return os.listdir(path)
+
+    def get_resource_stream(self, manager, resource_name):
+        return open(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name), 'rb')
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        with open(path, 'rb') as stream:
+            return stream.read()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _register(cls):
+        loader_names = (
+            'SourceFileLoader',
+            'SourcelessFileLoader',
+        )
+        for name in loader_names:
+            loader_cls = getattr(importlib_machinery, name, type(None))
+            register_loader_type(loader_cls, cls)
+
+
+DefaultProvider._register()
+
+
+class EmptyProvider(NullProvider):
+    """Provider that returns nothing for all requests"""
+
+    module_path = None
+
+    _isdir = _has = lambda self, path: False
+
+    def _get(self, path):
+        return ''
+
+    def _listdir(self, path):
+        return []
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+empty_provider = EmptyProvider()
+
+
+class ZipManifests(dict):
+    """
+    zip manifest builder
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(cls, path):
+        """
+        Build a dictionary similar to the zipimport directory
+        caches, except instead of tuples, store ZipInfo objects.
+
+        Use a platform-specific path separator (os.sep) for the path keys
+        for compatibility with pypy on Windows.
+        """
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(path) as zfile:
+            items = (
+                (
+                    name.replace('/', os.sep),
+                    zfile.getinfo(name),
+                )
+                for name in zfile.namelist()
+            )
+            return dict(items)
+
+    load = build
+
+
+class MemoizedZipManifests(ZipManifests):
+    """
+    Memoized zipfile manifests.
+    """
+
+    manifest_mod = collections.namedtuple('manifest_mod', 'manifest mtime')
+
+    def load(self, path):
+        """
+        Load a manifest at path or return a suitable manifest already loaded.
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(path)
+        mtime = os.stat(path).st_mtime
+
+        if path not in self or self[path].mtime != mtime:
+            manifest = self.build(path)
+            self[path] = self.manifest_mod(manifest, mtime)
+
+        return self[path].manifest
+
+
+class ZipProvider(EggProvider):
+    """Resource support for zips and eggs"""
+
+    eagers = None
+    _zip_manifests = MemoizedZipManifests()
+
+    def __init__(self, module):
+        super().__init__(module)
+        self.zip_pre = self.loader.archive + os.sep
+
+    def _zipinfo_name(self, fspath):
+        # Convert a virtual filename (full path to file) into a zipfile subpath
+        # usable with the zipimport directory cache for our target archive
+        fspath = fspath.rstrip(os.sep)
+        if fspath == self.loader.archive:
+            return ''
+        if fspath.startswith(self.zip_pre):
+            return fspath[len(self.zip_pre) :]
+        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.zip_pre))
+
+    def _parts(self, zip_path):
+        # Convert a zipfile subpath into an egg-relative path part list.
+        # pseudo-fs path
+        fspath = self.zip_pre + zip_path
+        if fspath.startswith(self.egg_root + os.sep):
+            return fspath[len(self.egg_root) + 1 :].split(os.sep)
+        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.egg_root))
+
+    @property
+    def zipinfo(self):
+        return self._zip_manifests.load(self.loader.archive)
+
+    def get_resource_filename(self, manager, resource_name):
+        if not self.egg_name:
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "resource_filename() only supported for .egg, not .zip"
+            )
+        # no need to lock for extraction, since we use temp names
+        zip_path = self._resource_to_zip(resource_name)
+        eagers = self._get_eager_resources()
+        if '/'.join(self._parts(zip_path)) in eagers:
+            for name in eagers:
+                self._extract_resource(manager, self._eager_to_zip(name))
+        return self._extract_resource(manager, zip_path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_date_and_size(zip_stat):
+        size = zip_stat.file_size
+        # ymdhms+wday, yday, dst
+        date_time = zip_stat.date_time + (0, 0, -1)
+        # 1980 offset already done
+        timestamp = time.mktime(date_time)
+        return timestamp, size
+
+    # FIXME: 'ZipProvider._extract_resource' is too complex (12)
+    def _extract_resource(self, manager, zip_path):  # noqa: C901
+        if zip_path in self._index():
+            for name in self._index()[zip_path]:
+                last = self._extract_resource(manager, os.path.join(zip_path, name))
+            # return the extracted directory name
+            return os.path.dirname(last)
+
+        timestamp, size = self._get_date_and_size(self.zipinfo[zip_path])
+
+        if not WRITE_SUPPORT:
+            raise IOError(
+                '"os.rename" and "os.unlink" are not supported ' 'on this platform'
+            )
+        try:
+            real_path = manager.get_cache_path(self.egg_name, self._parts(zip_path))
+
+            if self._is_current(real_path, zip_path):
+                return real_path
+
+            outf, tmpnam = _mkstemp(
+                ".$extract",
+                dir=os.path.dirname(real_path),
+            )
+            os.write(outf, self.loader.get_data(zip_path))
+            os.close(outf)
+            utime(tmpnam, (timestamp, timestamp))
+            manager.postprocess(tmpnam, real_path)
+
+            try:
+                rename(tmpnam, real_path)
+
+            except os.error:
+                if os.path.isfile(real_path):
+                    if self._is_current(real_path, zip_path):
+                        # the file became current since it was checked above,
+                        #  so proceed.
+                        return real_path
+                    # Windows, del old file and retry
+                    elif os.name == 'nt':
+                        unlink(real_path)
+                        rename(tmpnam, real_path)
+                        return real_path
+                raise
+
+        except os.error:
+            # report a user-friendly error
+            manager.extraction_error()
+
+        return real_path
+
+    def _is_current(self, file_path, zip_path):
+        """
+        Return True if the file_path is current for this zip_path
+        """
+        timestamp, size = self._get_date_and_size(self.zipinfo[zip_path])
+        if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
+            return False
+        stat = os.stat(file_path)
+        if stat.st_size != size or stat.st_mtime != timestamp:
+            return False
+        # check that the contents match
+        zip_contents = self.loader.get_data(zip_path)
+        with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
+            file_contents = f.read()
+        return zip_contents == file_contents
+
+    def _get_eager_resources(self):
+        if self.eagers is None:
+            eagers = []
+            for name in ('native_libs.txt', 'eager_resources.txt'):
+                if self.has_metadata(name):
+                    eagers.extend(self.get_metadata_lines(name))
+            self.eagers = eagers
+        return self.eagers
+
+    def _index(self):
+        try:
+            return self._dirindex
+        except AttributeError:
+            ind = {}
+            for path in self.zipinfo:
+                parts = path.split(os.sep)
+                while parts:
+                    parent = os.sep.join(parts[:-1])
+                    if parent in ind:
+                        ind[parent].append(parts[-1])
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        ind[parent] = [parts.pop()]
+            self._dirindex = ind
+            return ind
+
+    def _has(self, fspath):
+        zip_path = self._zipinfo_name(fspath)
+        return zip_path in self.zipinfo or zip_path in self._index()
+
+    def _isdir(self, fspath):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(fspath) in self._index()
+
+    def _listdir(self, fspath):
+        return list(self._index().get(self._zipinfo_name(fspath), ()))
+
+    def _eager_to_zip(self, resource_name):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(self._fn(self.egg_root, resource_name))
+
+    def _resource_to_zip(self, resource_name):
+        return self._zipinfo_name(self._fn(self.module_path, resource_name))
+
+
+register_loader_type(zipimport.zipimporter, ZipProvider)
+
+
+class FileMetadata(EmptyProvider):
+    """Metadata handler for standalone PKG-INFO files
+
+    Usage::
+
+        metadata = FileMetadata("/path/to/PKG-INFO")
+
+    This provider rejects all data and metadata requests except for PKG-INFO,
+    which is treated as existing, and will be the contents of the file at
+    the provided location.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = path
+
+    def _get_metadata_path(self, name):
+        return self.path
+
+    def has_metadata(self, name):
+        return name == 'PKG-INFO' and os.path.isfile(self.path)
+
+    def get_metadata(self, name):
+        if name != 'PKG-INFO':
+            raise KeyError("No metadata except PKG-INFO is available")
+
+        with io.open(self.path, encoding='utf-8', errors="replace") as f:
+            metadata = f.read()
+        self._warn_on_replacement(metadata)
+        return metadata
+
+    def _warn_on_replacement(self, metadata):
+        replacement_char = '�'
+        if replacement_char in metadata:
+            tmpl = "{self.path} could not be properly decoded in UTF-8"
+            msg = tmpl.format(**locals())
+            warnings.warn(msg)
+
+    def get_metadata_lines(self, name):
+        return yield_lines(self.get_metadata(name))
+
+
+class PathMetadata(DefaultProvider):
+    """Metadata provider for egg directories
+
+    Usage::
+
+        # Development eggs:
+
+        egg_info = "/path/to/PackageName.egg-info"
+        base_dir = os.path.dirname(egg_info)
+        metadata = PathMetadata(base_dir, egg_info)
+        dist_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(egg_info))[0]
+        dist = Distribution(basedir, project_name=dist_name, metadata=metadata)
+
+        # Unpacked egg directories:
+
+        egg_path = "/path/to/PackageName-ver-pyver-etc.egg"
+        metadata = PathMetadata(egg_path, os.path.join(egg_path,'EGG-INFO'))
+        dist = Distribution.from_filename(egg_path, metadata=metadata)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, path, egg_info):
+        self.module_path = path
+        self.egg_info = egg_info
+
+
+class EggMetadata(ZipProvider):
+    """Metadata provider for .egg files"""
+
+    def __init__(self, importer):
+        """Create a metadata provider from a zipimporter"""
+
+        self.zip_pre = importer.archive + os.sep
+        self.loader = importer
+        if importer.prefix:
+            self.module_path = os.path.join(importer.archive, importer.prefix)
+        else:
+            self.module_path = importer.archive
+        self._setup_prefix()
+
+
+_declare_state('dict', _distribution_finders={})
+
+
+def register_finder(importer_type, distribution_finder):
+    """Register `distribution_finder` to find distributions in sys.path items
+
+    `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (sys.path item
+    handler), and `distribution_finder` is a callable that, passed a path
+    item and the importer instance, yields ``Distribution`` instances found on
+    that path item.  See ``pkg_resources.find_on_path`` for an example."""
+    _distribution_finders[importer_type] = distribution_finder
+
+
+def find_distributions(path_item, only=False):
+    """Yield distributions accessible via `path_item`"""
+    importer = get_importer(path_item)
+    finder = _find_adapter(_distribution_finders, importer)
+    return finder(importer, path_item, only)
+
+
+def find_eggs_in_zip(importer, path_item, only=False):
+    """
+    Find eggs in zip files; possibly multiple nested eggs.
+    """
+    if importer.archive.endswith('.whl'):
+        # wheels are not supported with this finder
+        # they don't have PKG-INFO metadata, and won't ever contain eggs
+        return
+    metadata = EggMetadata(importer)
+    if metadata.has_metadata('PKG-INFO'):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(path_item, metadata=metadata)
+    if only:
+        # don't yield nested distros
+        return
+    for subitem in metadata.resource_listdir(''):
+        if _is_egg_path(subitem):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            dists = find_eggs_in_zip(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath), subpath)
+            for dist in dists:
+                yield dist
+        elif subitem.lower().endswith(('.dist-info', '.egg-info')):
+            subpath = os.path.join(path_item, subitem)
+            submeta = EggMetadata(zipimport.zipimporter(subpath))
+            submeta.egg_info = subpath
+            yield Distribution.from_location(path_item, subitem, submeta)
+
+
+register_finder(zipimport.zipimporter, find_eggs_in_zip)
+
+
+def find_nothing(importer, path_item, only=False):
+    return ()
+
+
+register_finder(object, find_nothing)
+
+
+def find_on_path(importer, path_item, only=False):
+    """Yield distributions accessible on a sys.path directory"""
+    path_item = _normalize_cached(path_item)
+
+    if _is_unpacked_egg(path_item):
+        yield Distribution.from_filename(
+            path_item,
+            metadata=PathMetadata(path_item, os.path.join(path_item, 'EGG-INFO')),
+        )
+        return
+
+    entries = (os.path.join(path_item, child) for child in safe_listdir(path_item))
+
+    # scan for .egg and .egg-info in directory
+    for entry in sorted(entries):
+        fullpath = os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+        factory = dist_factory(path_item, entry, only)
+        for dist in factory(fullpath):
+            yield dist
+
+
+def dist_factory(path_item, entry, only):
+    """Return a dist_factory for the given entry."""
+    lower = entry.lower()
+    is_egg_info = lower.endswith('.egg-info')
+    is_dist_info = lower.endswith('.dist-info') and os.path.isdir(
+        os.path.join(path_item, entry)
+    )
+    is_meta = is_egg_info or is_dist_info
+    return (
+        distributions_from_metadata
+        if is_meta
+        else find_distributions
+        if not only and _is_egg_path(entry)
+        else resolve_egg_link
+        if not only and lower.endswith('.egg-link')
+        else NoDists()
+    )
+
+
+class NoDists:
+    """
+    >>> bool(NoDists())
+    False
+
+    >>> list(NoDists()('anything'))
+    []
+    """
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __call__(self, fullpath):
+        return iter(())
+
+
+def safe_listdir(path):
+    """
+    Attempt to list contents of path, but suppress some exceptions.
+    """
+    try:
+        return os.listdir(path)
+    except (PermissionError, NotADirectoryError):
+        pass
+    except OSError as e:
+        # Ignore the directory if does not exist, not a directory or
+        # permission denied
+        if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTDIR, errno.EACCES, errno.ENOENT):
+            raise
+    return ()
+
+
+def distributions_from_metadata(path):
+    root = os.path.dirname(path)
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        if len(os.listdir(path)) == 0:
+            # empty metadata dir; skip
+            return
+        metadata = PathMetadata(root, path)
+    else:
+        metadata = FileMetadata(path)
+    entry = os.path.basename(path)
+    yield Distribution.from_location(
+        root,
+        entry,
+        metadata,
+        precedence=DEVELOP_DIST,
+    )
+
+
+def non_empty_lines(path):
+    """
+    Yield non-empty lines from file at path
+    """
+    with open(path) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.strip()
+            if line:
+                yield line
+
+
+def resolve_egg_link(path):
+    """
+    Given a path to an .egg-link, resolve distributions
+    present in the referenced path.
+    """
+    referenced_paths = non_empty_lines(path)
+    resolved_paths = (
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(path), ref) for ref in referenced_paths
+    )
+    dist_groups = map(find_distributions, resolved_paths)
+    return next(dist_groups, ())
+
+
+if hasattr(pkgutil, 'ImpImporter'):
+    register_finder(pkgutil.ImpImporter, find_on_path)
+
+register_finder(importlib_machinery.FileFinder, find_on_path)
+
+_declare_state('dict', _namespace_handlers={})
+_declare_state('dict', _namespace_packages={})
+
+
+def register_namespace_handler(importer_type, namespace_handler):
+    """Register `namespace_handler` to declare namespace packages
+
+    `importer_type` is the type or class of a PEP 302 "Importer" (sys.path item
+    handler), and `namespace_handler` is a callable like this::
+
+        def namespace_handler(importer, path_entry, moduleName, module):
+            # return a path_entry to use for child packages
+
+    Namespace handlers are only called if the importer object has already
+    agreed that it can handle the relevant path item, and they should only
+    return a subpath if the module __path__ does not already contain an
+    equivalent subpath.  For an example namespace handler, see
+    ``pkg_resources.file_ns_handler``.
+    """
+    _namespace_handlers[importer_type] = namespace_handler
+
+
+def _handle_ns(packageName, path_item):
+    """Ensure that named package includes a subpath of path_item (if needed)"""
+
+    importer = get_importer(path_item)
+    if importer is None:
+        return None
+
+    # use find_spec (PEP 451) and fall-back to find_module (PEP 302)
+    try:
+        spec = importer.find_spec(packageName)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # capture warnings due to #1111
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
+            loader = importer.find_module(packageName)
+    else:
+        loader = spec.loader if spec else None
+
+    if loader is None:
+        return None
+    module = sys.modules.get(packageName)
+    if module is None:
+        module = sys.modules[packageName] = types.ModuleType(packageName)
+        module.__path__ = []
+        _set_parent_ns(packageName)
+    elif not hasattr(module, '__path__'):
+        raise TypeError("Not a package:", packageName)
+    handler = _find_adapter(_namespace_handlers, importer)
+    subpath = handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module)
+    if subpath is not None:
+        path = module.__path__
+        path.append(subpath)
+        importlib.import_module(packageName)
+        _rebuild_mod_path(path, packageName, module)
+    return subpath
+
+
+def _rebuild_mod_path(orig_path, package_name, module):
+    """
+    Rebuild module.__path__ ensuring that all entries are ordered
+    corresponding to their sys.path order
+    """
+    sys_path = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in sys.path]
+
+    def safe_sys_path_index(entry):
+        """
+        Workaround for #520 and #513.
+        """
+        try:
+            return sys_path.index(entry)
+        except ValueError:
+            return float('inf')
+
+    def position_in_sys_path(path):
+        """
+        Return the ordinal of the path based on its position in sys.path
+        """
+        path_parts = path.split(os.sep)
+        module_parts = package_name.count('.') + 1
+        parts = path_parts[:-module_parts]
+        return safe_sys_path_index(_normalize_cached(os.sep.join(parts)))
+
+    new_path = sorted(orig_path, key=position_in_sys_path)
+    new_path = [_normalize_cached(p) for p in new_path]
+
+    if isinstance(module.__path__, list):
+        module.__path__[:] = new_path
+    else:
+        module.__path__ = new_path
+
+
+def declare_namespace(packageName):
+    """Declare that package 'packageName' is a namespace package"""
+
+    msg = (
+        f"Deprecated call to `pkg_resources.declare_namespace({packageName!r})`.\n"
+        "Implementing implicit namespace packages (as specified in PEP 420) "
+        "is preferred to `pkg_resources.declare_namespace`. "
+        "See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/references/"
+        "keywords.html#keyword-namespace-packages"
+    )
+    warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    _imp.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        if packageName in _namespace_packages:
+            return
+
+        path = sys.path
+        parent, _, _ = packageName.rpartition('.')
+
+        if parent:
+            declare_namespace(parent)
+            if parent not in _namespace_packages:
+                __import__(parent)
+            try:
+                path = sys.modules[parent].__path__
+            except AttributeError as e:
+                raise TypeError("Not a package:", parent) from e
+
+        # Track what packages are namespaces, so when new path items are added,
+        # they can be updated
+        _namespace_packages.setdefault(parent or None, []).append(packageName)
+        _namespace_packages.setdefault(packageName, [])
+
+        for path_item in path:
+            # Ensure all the parent's path items are reflected in the child,
+            # if they apply
+            _handle_ns(packageName, path_item)
+
+    finally:
+        _imp.release_lock()
+
+
+def fixup_namespace_packages(path_item, parent=None):
+    """Ensure that previously-declared namespace packages include path_item"""
+    _imp.acquire_lock()
+    try:
+        for package in _namespace_packages.get(parent, ()):
+            subpath = _handle_ns(package, path_item)
+            if subpath:
+                fixup_namespace_packages(subpath, package)
+    finally:
+        _imp.release_lock()
+
+
+def file_ns_handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module):
+    """Compute an ns-package subpath for a filesystem or zipfile importer"""
+
+    subpath = os.path.join(path_item, packageName.split('.')[-1])
+    normalized = _normalize_cached(subpath)
+    for item in module.__path__:
+        if _normalize_cached(item) == normalized:
+            break
+    else:
+        # Only return the path if it's not already there
+        return subpath
+
+
+if hasattr(pkgutil, 'ImpImporter'):
+    register_namespace_handler(pkgutil.ImpImporter, file_ns_handler)
+
+register_namespace_handler(zipimport.zipimporter, file_ns_handler)
+register_namespace_handler(importlib_machinery.FileFinder, file_ns_handler)
+
+
+def null_ns_handler(importer, path_item, packageName, module):
+    return None
+
+
+register_namespace_handler(object, null_ns_handler)
+
+
+def normalize_path(filename):
+    """Normalize a file/dir name for comparison purposes"""
+    return os.path.normcase(os.path.realpath(os.path.normpath(_cygwin_patch(filename))))
+
+
+def _cygwin_patch(filename):  # pragma: nocover
+    """
+    Contrary to POSIX 2008, on Cygwin, getcwd (3) contains
+    symlink components. Using
+    os.path.abspath() works around this limitation. A fix in os.getcwd()
+    would probably better, in Cygwin even more so, except
+    that this seems to be by design...
+    """
+    return os.path.abspath(filename) if sys.platform == 'cygwin' else filename
+
+
+def _normalize_cached(filename, _cache={}):
+    try:
+        return _cache[filename]
+    except KeyError:
+        _cache[filename] = result = normalize_path(filename)
+        return result
+
+
+def _is_egg_path(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an egg.
+    """
+    return _is_zip_egg(path) or _is_unpacked_egg(path)
+
+
+def _is_zip_egg(path):
+    return (
+        path.lower().endswith('.egg')
+        and os.path.isfile(path)
+        and zipfile.is_zipfile(path)
+    )
+
+
+def _is_unpacked_egg(path):
+    """
+    Determine if given path appears to be an unpacked egg.
+    """
+    return path.lower().endswith('.egg') and os.path.isfile(
+        os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
+    )
+
+
+def _set_parent_ns(packageName):
+    parts = packageName.split('.')
+    name = parts.pop()
+    if parts:
+        parent = '.'.join(parts)
+        setattr(sys.modules[parent], name, sys.modules[packageName])
+
+
+MODULE = re.compile(r"\w+(\.\w+)*$").match
+EGG_NAME = re.compile(
+    r"""
+    (?P<name>[^-]+) (
+        -(?P<ver>[^-]+) (
+            -py(?P<pyver>[^-]+) (
+                -(?P<plat>.+)
+            )?
+        )?
+    )?
+    """,
+    re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
+).match
+
+
+class EntryPoint:
+    """Object representing an advertised importable object"""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, module_name, attrs=(), extras=(), dist=None):
+        if not MODULE(module_name):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid module name", module_name)
+        self.name = name
+        self.module_name = module_name
+        self.attrs = tuple(attrs)
+        self.extras = tuple(extras)
+        self.dist = dist
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        s = "%s = %s" % (self.name, self.module_name)
+        if self.attrs:
+            s += ':' + '.'.join(self.attrs)
+        if self.extras:
+            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(self.extras)
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "EntryPoint.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+
+    def load(self, require=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Require packages for this EntryPoint, then resolve it.
+        """
+        if not require or args or kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Parameters to load are deprecated.  Call .resolve and "
+                ".require separately.",
+                PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        if require:
+            self.require(*args, **kwargs)
+        return self.resolve()
+
+    def resolve(self):
+        """
+        Resolve the entry point from its module and attrs.
+        """
+        module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
+        try:
+            return functools.reduce(getattr, self.attrs, module)
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            raise ImportError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def require(self, env=None, installer=None):
+        if self.extras and not self.dist:
+            raise UnknownExtra("Can't require() without a distribution", self)
+
+        # Get the requirements for this entry point with all its extras and
+        # then resolve them. We have to pass `extras` along when resolving so
+        # that the working set knows what extras we want. Otherwise, for
+        # dist-info distributions, the working set will assume that the
+        # requirements for that extra are purely optional and skip over them.
+        reqs = self.dist.requires(self.extras)
+        items = working_set.resolve(reqs, env, installer, extras=self.extras)
+        list(map(working_set.add, items))
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r'\s*'
+        r'(?P<name>.+?)\s*'
+        r'=\s*'
+        r'(?P<module>[\w.]+)\s*'
+        r'(:\s*(?P<attr>[\w.]+))?\s*'
+        r'(?P<extras>\[.*\])?\s*$'
+    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, src, dist=None):
+        """Parse a single entry point from string `src`
+
+        Entry point syntax follows the form::
+
+            name = some.module:some.attr [extra1, extra2]
+
+        The entry name and module name are required, but the ``:attrs`` and
+        ``[extras]`` parts are optional
+        """
+        m = cls.pattern.match(src)
+        if not m:
+            msg = "EntryPoint must be in 'name=module:attrs [extras]' format"
+            raise ValueError(msg, src)
+        res = m.groupdict()
+        extras = cls._parse_extras(res['extras'])
+        attrs = res['attr'].split('.') if res['attr'] else ()
+        return cls(res['name'], res['module'], attrs, extras, dist)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_extras(cls, extras_spec):
+        if not extras_spec:
+            return ()
+        req = Requirement.parse('x' + extras_spec)
+        if req.specs:
+            raise ValueError()
+        return req.extras
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_group(cls, group, lines, dist=None):
+        """Parse an entry point group"""
+        if not MODULE(group):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid group name", group)
+        this = {}
+        for line in yield_lines(lines):
+            ep = cls.parse(line, dist)
+            if ep.name in this:
+                raise ValueError("Duplicate entry point", group, ep.name)
+            this[ep.name] = ep
+        return this
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_map(cls, data, dist=None):
+        """Parse a map of entry point groups"""
+        if isinstance(data, dict):
+            data = data.items()
+        else:
+            data = split_sections(data)
+        maps = {}
+        for group, lines in data:
+            if group is None:
+                if not lines:
+                    continue
+                raise ValueError("Entry points must be listed in groups")
+            group = group.strip()
+            if group in maps:
+                raise ValueError("Duplicate group name", group)
+            maps[group] = cls.parse_group(group, lines, dist)
+        return maps
+
+
+def _version_from_file(lines):
+    """
+    Given an iterable of lines from a Metadata file, return
+    the value of the Version field, if present, or None otherwise.
+    """
+
+    def is_version_line(line):
+        return line.lower().startswith('version:')
+
+    version_lines = filter(is_version_line, lines)
+    line = next(iter(version_lines), '')
+    _, _, value = line.partition(':')
+    return safe_version(value.strip()) or None
+
+
+class Distribution:
+    """Wrap an actual or potential sys.path entry w/metadata"""
+
+    PKG_INFO = 'PKG-INFO'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        metadata=None,
+        project_name=None,
+        version=None,
+        py_version=PY_MAJOR,
+        platform=None,
+        precedence=EGG_DIST,
+    ):
+        self.project_name = safe_name(project_name or 'Unknown')
+        if version is not None:
+            self._version = safe_version(version)
+        self.py_version = py_version
+        self.platform = platform
+        self.location = location
+        self.precedence = precedence
+        self._provider = metadata or empty_provider
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_location(cls, location, basename, metadata=None, **kw):
+        project_name, version, py_version, platform = [None] * 4
+        basename, ext = os.path.splitext(basename)
+        if ext.lower() in _distributionImpl:
+            cls = _distributionImpl[ext.lower()]
+
+            match = EGG_NAME(basename)
+            if match:
+                project_name, version, py_version, platform = match.group(
+                    'name', 'ver', 'pyver', 'plat'
+                )
+        return cls(
+            location,
+            metadata,
+            project_name=project_name,
+            version=version,
+            py_version=py_version,
+            platform=platform,
+            **kw,
+        )._reload_version()
+
+    def _reload_version(self):
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def hashcmp(self):
+        return (
+            self._forgiving_parsed_version,
+            self.precedence,
+            self.key,
+            self.location,
+            self.py_version or '',
+            self.platform or '',
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.hashcmp)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp < other.hashcmp
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp <= other.hashcmp
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp > other.hashcmp
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self.hashcmp >= other.hashcmp
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            # It's not a Distribution, so they are not equal
+            return False
+        return self.hashcmp == other.hashcmp
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    # These properties have to be lazy so that we don't have to load any
+    # metadata until/unless it's actually needed.  (i.e., some distributions
+    # may not know their name or version without loading PKG-INFO)
+
+    @property
+    def key(self):
+        try:
+            return self._key
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._key = key = self.project_name.lower()
+            return key
+
+    @property
+    def parsed_version(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, "_parsed_version"):
+            try:
+                self._parsed_version = parse_version(self.version)
+            except packaging.version.InvalidVersion as ex:
+                info = f"(package: {self.project_name})"
+                if hasattr(ex, "add_note"):
+                    ex.add_note(info)  # PEP 678
+                    raise
+                raise packaging.version.InvalidVersion(f"{str(ex)} {info}") from None
+
+        return self._parsed_version
+
+    @property
+    def _forgiving_parsed_version(self):
+        try:
+            return self.parsed_version
+        except packaging.version.InvalidVersion as ex:
+            self._parsed_version = parse_version(_forgiving_version(self.version))
+
+            notes = "\n".join(getattr(ex, "__notes__", []))  # PEP 678
+            msg = f"""!!\n\n
+            *************************************************************************
+            {str(ex)}\n{notes}
+
+            This is a long overdue deprecation.
+            For the time being, `pkg_resources` will use `{self._parsed_version}`
+            as a replacement to avoid breaking existing environments,
+            but no future compatibility is guaranteed.
+
+            If you maintain package {self.project_name} you should implement
+            the relevant changes to adequate the project to PEP 440 immediately.
+            *************************************************************************
+            \n\n!!
+            """
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
+
+            return self._parsed_version
+
+    @property
+    def version(self):
+        try:
+            return self._version
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            version = self._get_version()
+            if version is None:
+                path = self._get_metadata_path_for_display(self.PKG_INFO)
+                msg = ("Missing 'Version:' header and/or {} file at path: {}").format(
+                    self.PKG_INFO, path
+                )
+                raise ValueError(msg, self) from e
+
+            return version
+
+    @property
+    def _dep_map(self):
+        """
+        A map of extra to its list of (direct) requirements
+        for this distribution, including the null extra.
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.__dep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__dep_map = self._filter_extras(self._build_dep_map())
+        return self.__dep_map
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _filter_extras(dm):
+        """
+        Given a mapping of extras to dependencies, strip off
+        environment markers and filter out any dependencies
+        not matching the markers.
+        """
+        for extra in list(filter(None, dm)):
+            new_extra = extra
+            reqs = dm.pop(extra)
+            new_extra, _, marker = extra.partition(':')
+            fails_marker = marker and (
+                invalid_marker(marker) or not evaluate_marker(marker)
+            )
+            if fails_marker:
+                reqs = []
+            new_extra = safe_extra(new_extra) or None
+
+            dm.setdefault(new_extra, []).extend(reqs)
+        return dm
+
+    def _build_dep_map(self):
+        dm = {}
+        for name in 'requires.txt', 'depends.txt':
+            for extra, reqs in split_sections(self._get_metadata(name)):
+                dm.setdefault(extra, []).extend(parse_requirements(reqs))
+        return dm
+
+    def requires(self, extras=()):
+        """List of Requirements needed for this distro if `extras` are used"""
+        dm = self._dep_map
+        deps = []
+        deps.extend(dm.get(None, ()))
+        for ext in extras:
+            try:
+                deps.extend(dm[safe_extra(ext)])
+            except KeyError as e:
+                raise UnknownExtra(
+                    "%s has no such extra feature %r" % (self, ext)
+                ) from e
+        return deps
+
+    def _get_metadata_path_for_display(self, name):
+        """
+        Return the path to the given metadata file, if available.
+        """
+        try:
+            # We need to access _get_metadata_path() on the provider object
+            # directly rather than through this class's __getattr__()
+            # since _get_metadata_path() is marked private.
+            path = self._provider._get_metadata_path(name)
+
+        # Handle exceptions e.g. in case the distribution's metadata
+        # provider doesn't support _get_metadata_path().
+        except Exception:
+            return '[could not detect]'
+
+        return path
+
+    def _get_metadata(self, name):
+        if self.has_metadata(name):
+            for line in self.get_metadata_lines(name):
+                yield line
+
+    def _get_version(self):
+        lines = self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO)
+        version = _version_from_file(lines)
+
+        return version
+
+    def activate(self, path=None, replace=False):
+        """Ensure distribution is importable on `path` (default=sys.path)"""
+        if path is None:
+            path = sys.path
+        self.insert_on(path, replace=replace)
+        if path is sys.path:
+            fixup_namespace_packages(self.location)
+            for pkg in self._get_metadata('namespace_packages.txt'):
+                if pkg in sys.modules:
+                    declare_namespace(pkg)
+
+    def egg_name(self):
+        """Return what this distribution's standard .egg filename should be"""
+        filename = "%s-%s-py%s" % (
+            to_filename(self.project_name),
+            to_filename(self.version),
+            self.py_version or PY_MAJOR,
+        )
+
+        if self.platform:
+            filename += '-' + self.platform
+        return filename
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.location:
+            return "%s (%s)" % (self, self.location)
+        else:
+            return str(self)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        try:
+            version = getattr(self, 'version', None)
+        except ValueError:
+            version = None
+        version = version or "[unknown version]"
+        return "%s %s" % (self.project_name, version)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        """Delegate all unrecognized public attributes to .metadata provider"""
+        if attr.startswith('_'):
+            raise AttributeError(attr)
+        return getattr(self._provider, attr)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return list(
+            set(super(Distribution, self).__dir__())
+            | set(attr for attr in self._provider.__dir__() if not attr.startswith('_'))
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filename(cls, filename, metadata=None, **kw):
+        return cls.from_location(
+            _normalize_cached(filename), os.path.basename(filename), metadata, **kw
+        )
+
+    def as_requirement(self):
+        """Return a ``Requirement`` that matches this distribution exactly"""
+        if isinstance(self.parsed_version, packaging.version.Version):
+            spec = "%s==%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+        else:
+            spec = "%s===%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+
+        return Requirement.parse(spec)
+
+    def load_entry_point(self, group, name):
+        """Return the `name` entry point of `group` or raise ImportError"""
+        ep = self.get_entry_info(group, name)
+        if ep is None:
+            raise ImportError("Entry point %r not found" % ((group, name),))
+        return ep.load()
+
+    def get_entry_map(self, group=None):
+        """Return the entry point map for `group`, or the full entry map"""
+        try:
+            ep_map = self._ep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            ep_map = self._ep_map = EntryPoint.parse_map(
+                self._get_metadata('entry_points.txt'), self
+            )
+        if group is not None:
+            return ep_map.get(group, {})
+        return ep_map
+
+    def get_entry_info(self, group, name):
+        """Return the EntryPoint object for `group`+`name`, or ``None``"""
+        return self.get_entry_map(group).get(name)
+
+    # FIXME: 'Distribution.insert_on' is too complex (13)
+    def insert_on(self, path, loc=None, replace=False):  # noqa: C901
+        """Ensure self.location is on path
+
+        If replace=False (default):
+            - If location is already in path anywhere, do nothing.
+            - Else:
+              - If it's an egg and its parent directory is on path,
+                insert just ahead of the parent.
+              - Else: add to the end of path.
+        If replace=True:
+            - If location is already on path anywhere (not eggs)
+              or higher priority than its parent (eggs)
+              do nothing.
+            - Else:
+              - If it's an egg and its parent directory is on path,
+                insert just ahead of the parent,
+                removing any lower-priority entries.
+              - Else: add it to the front of path.
+        """
+
+        loc = loc or self.location
+        if not loc:
+            return
+
+        nloc = _normalize_cached(loc)
+        bdir = os.path.dirname(nloc)
+        npath = [(p and _normalize_cached(p) or p) for p in path]
+
+        for p, item in enumerate(npath):
+            if item == nloc:
+                if replace:
+                    break
+                else:
+                    # don't modify path (even removing duplicates) if
+                    # found and not replace
+                    return
+            elif item == bdir and self.precedence == EGG_DIST:
+                # if it's an .egg, give it precedence over its directory
+                # UNLESS it's already been added to sys.path and replace=False
+                if (not replace) and nloc in npath[p:]:
+                    return
+                if path is sys.path:
+                    self.check_version_conflict()
+                path.insert(p, loc)
+                npath.insert(p, nloc)
+                break
+        else:
+            if path is sys.path:
+                self.check_version_conflict()
+            if replace:
+                path.insert(0, loc)
+            else:
+                path.append(loc)
+            return
+
+        # p is the spot where we found or inserted loc; now remove duplicates
+        while True:
+            try:
+                np = npath.index(nloc, p + 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+            else:
+                del npath[np], path[np]
+                # ha!
+                p = np
+
+        return
+
+    def check_version_conflict(self):
+        if self.key == 'setuptools':
+            # ignore the inevitable setuptools self-conflicts  :(
+            return
+
+        nsp = dict.fromkeys(self._get_metadata('namespace_packages.txt'))
+        loc = normalize_path(self.location)
+        for modname in self._get_metadata('top_level.txt'):
+            if (
+                modname not in sys.modules
+                or modname in nsp
+                or modname in _namespace_packages
+            ):
+                continue
+            if modname in ('pkg_resources', 'setuptools', 'site'):
+                continue
+            fn = getattr(sys.modules[modname], '__file__', None)
+            if fn and (
+                normalize_path(fn).startswith(loc) or fn.startswith(self.location)
+            ):
+                continue
+            issue_warning(
+                "Module %s was already imported from %s, but %s is being added"
+                " to sys.path" % (modname, fn, self.location),
+            )
+
+    def has_version(self):
+        try:
+            self.version
+        except ValueError:
+            issue_warning("Unbuilt egg for " + repr(self))
+            return False
+        except SystemError:
+            # TODO: remove this except clause when python/cpython#103632 is fixed.
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def clone(self, **kw):
+        """Copy this distribution, substituting in any changed keyword args"""
+        names = 'project_name version py_version platform location precedence'
+        for attr in names.split():
+            kw.setdefault(attr, getattr(self, attr, None))
+        kw.setdefault('metadata', self._provider)
+        return self.__class__(**kw)
+
+    @property
+    def extras(self):
+        return [dep for dep in self._dep_map if dep]
+
+
+class EggInfoDistribution(Distribution):
+    def _reload_version(self):
+        """
+        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
+        which uses an old safe_version, and so
+        their version numbers can get mangled when
+        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
+        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
+        parsed properly
+        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
+        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
+        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
+        """
+        md_version = self._get_version()
+        if md_version:
+            self._version = md_version
+        return self
+
+
+class DistInfoDistribution(Distribution):
+    """
+    Wrap an actual or potential sys.path entry
+    w/metadata, .dist-info style.
+    """
+
+    PKG_INFO = 'METADATA'
+    EQEQ = re.compile(r"([\(,])\s*(\d.*?)\s*([,\)])")
+
+    @property
+    def _parsed_pkg_info(self):
+        """Parse and cache metadata"""
+        try:
+            return self._pkg_info
+        except AttributeError:
+            metadata = self.get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO)
+            self._pkg_info = email.parser.Parser().parsestr(metadata)
+            return self._pkg_info
+
+    @property
+    def _dep_map(self):
+        try:
+            return self.__dep_map
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__dep_map = self._compute_dependencies()
+            return self.__dep_map
+
+    def _compute_dependencies(self):
+        """Recompute this distribution's dependencies."""
+        dm = self.__dep_map = {None: []}
+
+        reqs = []
+        # Including any condition expressions
+        for req in self._parsed_pkg_info.get_all('Requires-Dist') or []:
+            reqs.extend(parse_requirements(req))
+
+        def reqs_for_extra(extra):
+            for req in reqs:
+                if not req.marker or req.marker.evaluate({'extra': extra}):
+                    yield req
+
+        common = types.MappingProxyType(dict.fromkeys(reqs_for_extra(None)))
+        dm[None].extend(common)
+
+        for extra in self._parsed_pkg_info.get_all('Provides-Extra') or []:
+            s_extra = safe_extra(extra.strip())
+            dm[s_extra] = [r for r in reqs_for_extra(extra) if r not in common]
+
+        return dm
+
+
+_distributionImpl = {
+    '.egg': Distribution,
+    '.egg-info': EggInfoDistribution,
+    '.dist-info': DistInfoDistribution,
+}
+
+
+def issue_warning(*args, **kw):
+    level = 1
+    g = globals()
+    try:
+        # find the first stack frame that is *not* code in
+        # the pkg_resources module, to use for the warning
+        while sys._getframe(level).f_globals is g:
+            level += 1
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+    warnings.warn(stacklevel=level + 1, *args, **kw)
+
+
+def parse_requirements(strs):
+    """
+    Yield ``Requirement`` objects for each specification in `strs`.
+
+    `strs` must be a string, or a (possibly-nested) iterable thereof.
+    """
+    return map(Requirement, join_continuation(map(drop_comment, yield_lines(strs))))
+
+
+class RequirementParseError(packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement):
+    "Compatibility wrapper for InvalidRequirement"
+
+
+class Requirement(packaging.requirements.Requirement):
+    def __init__(self, requirement_string):
+        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
+        super(Requirement, self).__init__(requirement_string)
+        self.unsafe_name = self.name
+        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
+        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
+        self.specs = [(spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
+        self.extras = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
+        self.hashCmp = (
+            self.key,
+            self.url,
+            self.specifier,
+            frozenset(self.extras),
+            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
+        )
+        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, Requirement) and self.hashCmp == other.hashCmp
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        if isinstance(item, Distribution):
+            if item.key != self.key:
+                return False
+
+            item = item.version
+
+        # Allow prereleases always in order to match the previous behavior of
+        # this method. In the future this should be smarter and follow PEP 440
+        # more accurately.
+        return self.specifier.contains(item, prereleases=True)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return self.__hash
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Requirement.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse(s):
+        (req,) = parse_requirements(s)
+        return req
+
+
+def _always_object(classes):
+    """
+    Ensure object appears in the mro even
+    for old-style classes.
+    """
+    if object not in classes:
+        return classes + (object,)
+    return classes
+
+
+def _find_adapter(registry, ob):
+    """Return an adapter factory for `ob` from `registry`"""
+    types = _always_object(inspect.getmro(getattr(ob, '__class__', type(ob))))
+    for t in types:
+        if t in registry:
+            return registry[t]
+
+
+def ensure_directory(path):
+    """Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
+    dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
+    os.makedirs(dirname, exist_ok=True)
+
+
+def _bypass_ensure_directory(path):
+    """Sandbox-bypassing version of ensure_directory()"""
+    if not WRITE_SUPPORT:
+        raise IOError('"os.mkdir" not supported on this platform.')
+    dirname, filename = split(path)
+    if dirname and filename and not isdir(dirname):
+        _bypass_ensure_directory(dirname)
+        try:
+            mkdir(dirname, 0o755)
+        except FileExistsError:
+            pass
+
+
+def split_sections(s):
+    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs
+
+    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
+    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
+    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
+    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
+    """
+    section = None
+    content = []
+    for line in yield_lines(s):
+        if line.startswith("["):
+            if line.endswith("]"):
+                if section or content:
+                    yield section, content
+                section = line[1:-1].strip()
+                content = []
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
+        else:
+            content.append(line)
+
+    # wrap up last segment
+    yield section, content
+
+
+def _mkstemp(*args, **kw):
+    old_open = os.open
+    try:
+        # temporarily bypass sandboxing
+        os.open = os_open
+        return tempfile.mkstemp(*args, **kw)
+    finally:
+        # and then put it back
+        os.open = old_open
+
+
+# Silence the PEP440Warning by default, so that end users don't get hit by it
+# randomly just because they use pkg_resources. We want to append the rule
+# because we want earlier uses of filterwarnings to take precedence over this
+# one.
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=PEP440Warning, append=True)
+
+
+# from jaraco.functools 1.3
+def _call_aside(f, *args, **kwargs):
+    f(*args, **kwargs)
+    return f
+
+
+@_call_aside
+def _initialize(g=globals()):
+    "Set up global resource manager (deliberately not state-saved)"
+    manager = ResourceManager()
+    g['_manager'] = manager
+    g.update(
+        (name, getattr(manager, name))
+        for name in dir(manager)
+        if not name.startswith('_')
+    )
+
+
+class PkgResourcesDeprecationWarning(Warning):
+    """
+    Base class for warning about deprecations in ``pkg_resources``
+
+    This class is not derived from ``DeprecationWarning``, and as such is
+    visible by default.
+    """
+
+
+@_call_aside
+def _initialize_master_working_set():
+    """
+    Prepare the master working set and make the ``require()``
+    API available.
+
+    This function has explicit effects on the global state
+    of pkg_resources. It is intended to be invoked once at
+    the initialization of this module.
+
+    Invocation by other packages is unsupported and done
+    at their own risk.
+    """
+    working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
+    _declare_state('object', working_set=working_set)
+
+    require = working_set.require
+    iter_entry_points = working_set.iter_entry_points
+    add_activation_listener = working_set.subscribe
+    run_script = working_set.run_script
+    # backward compatibility
+    run_main = run_script
+    # Activate all distributions already on sys.path with replace=False and
+    # ensure that all distributions added to the working set in the future
+    # (e.g. by calling ``require()``) will get activated as well,
+    # with higher priority (replace=True).
+    tuple(dist.activate(replace=False) for dist in working_set)
+    add_activation_listener(
+        lambda dist: dist.activate(replace=True),
+        existing=False,
+    )
+    working_set.entries = []
+    # match order
+    list(map(working_set.add_entry, sys.path))
+    globals().update(locals())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..184bdf7
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ebf595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,566 @@
+"""
+Utilities for determining application-specific dirs. See <https://github.com/platformdirs/platformdirs> for details and
+usage.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+from .version import __version__
+from .version import __version_tuple__ as __version_info__
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from typing import Literal
+    else:  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal
+
+
+def _set_platform_dir_class() -> type[PlatformDirsABC]:
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.windows import Windows as Result
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.macos import MacOS as Result
+    else:
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.unix import Unix as Result
+
+    if os.getenv("ANDROID_DATA") == "/data" and os.getenv("ANDROID_ROOT") == "/system":
+        if os.getenv("SHELL") or os.getenv("PREFIX"):
+            return Result
+
+        from pip._vendor.platformdirs.android import _android_folder
+
+        if _android_folder() is not None:
+            from pip._vendor.platformdirs.android import Android
+
+            return Android  # return to avoid redefinition of result
+
+    return Result
+
+
+PlatformDirs = _set_platform_dir_class()  #: Currently active platform
+AppDirs = PlatformDirs  #: Backwards compatibility with appdirs
+
+
+def user_data_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_data_dir
+
+
+def site_data_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data directory shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_data_dir
+
+
+def user_config_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_config_dir
+
+
+def site_config_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config directory shared by the users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_config_dir
+
+
+def user_cache_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_cache_dir
+
+
+def site_cache_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_cache_dir
+
+
+def user_state_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: state directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_state_dir
+
+
+def user_log_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: log directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_log_dir
+
+
+def user_documents_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: documents directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_documents_dir
+
+
+def user_downloads_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: downloads directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_downloads_dir
+
+
+def user_pictures_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: pictures directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_pictures_dir
+
+
+def user_videos_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: videos directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_videos_dir
+
+
+def user_music_dir() -> str:
+    """:returns: music directory tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_music_dir
+
+
+def user_runtime_dir(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> str:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_runtime_dir
+
+
+def user_data_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_data_path
+
+
+def site_data_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: data path shared by users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_data_path
+
+
+def user_config_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_config_path
+
+
+def site_config_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param multipath: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: config path shared by the users
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        multipath=multipath,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_config_path
+
+
+def site_cache_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache directory tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).site_cache_path
+
+
+def user_cache_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: cache path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_cache_path
+
+
+def user_state_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param roaming: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: state path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        roaming=roaming,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_state_path
+
+
+def user_log_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: log path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_log_path
+
+
+def user_documents_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: documents path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_documents_path
+
+
+def user_downloads_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: downloads path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_downloads_path
+
+
+def user_pictures_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: pictures path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_pictures_path
+
+
+def user_videos_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: videos path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_videos_path
+
+
+def user_music_path() -> Path:
+    """:returns: music path tied to the user"""
+    return PlatformDirs().user_music_path
+
+
+def user_runtime_path(
+    appname: str | None = None,
+    appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+    version: str | None = None,
+    opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+) -> Path:
+    """
+    :param appname: See `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`.
+    :param appauthor: See `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`.
+    :param version: See `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`.
+    :param opinion: See `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`.
+    :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    :returns: runtime path tied to the user
+    """
+    return PlatformDirs(
+        appname=appname,
+        appauthor=appauthor,
+        version=version,
+        opinion=opinion,
+        ensure_exists=ensure_exists,
+    ).user_runtime_path
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_info__",
+    "PlatformDirs",
+    "AppDirs",
+    "PlatformDirsABC",
+    "user_data_dir",
+    "user_config_dir",
+    "user_cache_dir",
+    "user_state_dir",
+    "user_log_dir",
+    "user_documents_dir",
+    "user_downloads_dir",
+    "user_pictures_dir",
+    "user_videos_dir",
+    "user_music_dir",
+    "user_runtime_dir",
+    "site_data_dir",
+    "site_config_dir",
+    "site_cache_dir",
+    "user_data_path",
+    "user_config_path",
+    "user_cache_path",
+    "user_state_path",
+    "user_log_path",
+    "user_documents_path",
+    "user_downloads_path",
+    "user_pictures_path",
+    "user_videos_path",
+    "user_music_path",
+    "user_runtime_path",
+    "site_data_path",
+    "site_config_path",
+    "site_cache_path",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a0d6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+"""Main entry point."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pip._vendor.platformdirs import PlatformDirs, __version__
+
+PROPS = (
+    "user_data_dir",
+    "user_config_dir",
+    "user_cache_dir",
+    "user_state_dir",
+    "user_log_dir",
+    "user_documents_dir",
+    "user_downloads_dir",
+    "user_pictures_dir",
+    "user_videos_dir",
+    "user_music_dir",
+    "user_runtime_dir",
+    "site_data_dir",
+    "site_config_dir",
+    "site_cache_dir",
+)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Run main entry point."""
+    app_name = "MyApp"
+    app_author = "MyCompany"
+
+    print(f"-- platformdirs {__version__} --")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, app_author, version="1.0")
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, app_author)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+    print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')")  # noqa: T201
+    dirs = PlatformDirs(app_name, appauthor=False)
+    for prop in PROPS:
+        print(f"{prop}: {getattr(dirs, prop)}")  # noqa: T201
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76527dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/android.py
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""Android."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import cast
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+
+class Android(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    Follows the guidance `from here <https://android.stackexchange.com/a/216132>`_. Makes use of the
+    `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/files/<AppName>``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "files")
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directory tied to the user, e.g. \
+        ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/shared_prefs/<AppName>``
+        """
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "shared_prefs")
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `user_config_dir`"""
+        return self.user_config_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(cast(str, _android_folder()), "cache")
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, same as `user_cache_dir`"""
+        return self.user_cache_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_cache_dir` if not opinionated else ``log`` in it,
+          e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>/log``
+        """
+        path = self.user_cache_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Documents``"""
+        return _android_documents_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Downloads``"""
+        return _android_downloads_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Pictures``"""
+        return _android_pictures_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera``"""
+        return _android_videos_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user e.g. ``/storage/emulated/0/Music``"""
+        return _android_music_folder()
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, same as `user_cache_dir` if not opinionated else ``tmp`` in it,
+          e.g. ``/data/user/<userid>/<packagename>/cache/<AppName>/tmp``
+        """
+        path = self.user_cache_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "tmp")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_folder() -> str | None:
+    """:return: base folder for the Android OS or None if it cannot be found"""
+    try:
+        # First try to get path to android app via pyjnius
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        result: str | None = context.getFilesDir().getParentFile().getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        # if fails find an android folder looking path on the sys.path
+        pattern = re.compile(r"/data/(data|user/\d+)/(.+)/files")
+        for path in sys.path:
+            if pattern.match(path):
+                result = path.split("/files")[0]
+                break
+        else:
+            result = None
+    return result
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_documents_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: documents folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        documents_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        documents_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Documents"
+
+    return documents_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_downloads_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: downloads folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        downloads_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        downloads_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Downloads"
+
+    return downloads_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_pictures_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: pictures folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        pictures_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        pictures_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Pictures"
+
+    return pictures_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_videos_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: videos folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        videos_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        videos_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera"
+
+    return videos_dir
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def _android_music_folder() -> str:
+    """:return: music folder for the Android OS"""
+    # Get directories with pyjnius
+    try:
+        from jnius import autoclass
+
+        context = autoclass("android.content.Context")
+        environment = autoclass("android.os.Environment")
+        music_dir: str = context.getExternalFilesDir(environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC).getAbsolutePath()
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+        music_dir = "/storage/emulated/0/Music"
+
+    return music_dir
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Android",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d64ebb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"""Base API."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import sys
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from typing import Literal
+    else:  # pragma: no cover (py38+)
+        from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal
+
+
+class PlatformDirsABC(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for platform directories."""
+
+    def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
+        self,
+        appname: str | None = None,
+        appauthor: str | None | Literal[False] = None,
+        version: str | None = None,
+        roaming: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        multipath: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        opinion: bool = True,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+        ensure_exists: bool = False,  # noqa: FBT001, FBT002
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new platform directory.
+
+        :param appname: See `appname`.
+        :param appauthor: See `appauthor`.
+        :param version: See `version`.
+        :param roaming: See `roaming`.
+        :param multipath: See `multipath`.
+        :param opinion: See `opinion`.
+        :param ensure_exists: See `ensure_exists`.
+        """
+        self.appname = appname  #: The name of application.
+        self.appauthor = appauthor
+        """
+        The name of the app author or distributing body for this application. Typically, it is the owning company name.
+        Defaults to `appname`. You may pass ``False`` to disable it.
+        """
+        self.version = version
+        """
+        An optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
+        of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be ``<major>.<minor>``.
+        """
+        self.roaming = roaming
+        """
+        Whether to use the roaming appdata directory on Windows. That means that for users on a Windows network setup
+        for roaming profiles, this user data will be synced on login (see
+        `here <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766489(WS.10).aspx>`_).
+        """
+        self.multipath = multipath
+        """
+        An optional parameter only applicable to Unix/Linux which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be
+        returned. By default, the first item would only be returned.
+        """
+        self.opinion = opinion  #: A flag to indicating to use opinionated values.
+        self.ensure_exists = ensure_exists
+        """
+        Optionally create the directory (and any missing parents) upon access if it does not exist.
+        By default, no directories are created.
+        """
+
+    def _append_app_name_and_version(self, *base: str) -> str:
+        params = list(base[1:])
+        if self.appname:
+            params.append(self.appname)
+            if self.version:
+                params.append(self.version)
+        path = os.path.join(base[0], *params)  # noqa: PTH118
+        self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    def _optionally_create_directory(self, path: str) -> None:
+        if self.ensure_exists:
+            Path(path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory tied to the user"""
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path shared by the users"""
+        return Path(self.site_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_cache_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path shared by users"""
+        return Path(self.site_cache_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: state path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_state_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: log path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_log_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: documents path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_documents_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: downloads path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_downloads_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: pictures path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_pictures_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: videos path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_videos_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: music path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_music_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: runtime path tied to the user"""
+        return Path(self.user_runtime_dir)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a753e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/macos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""macOS."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os.path
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+
+class MacOS(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    Platform directories for the macOS operating system. Follows the guidance from `Apple documentation
+    <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/MacOSXDirectories/MacOSXDirectories.html>`_.
+    Makes use of the `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Application Support"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, e.g. ``/Library/Application Support/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/Library/Application Support")
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `site_data_dir`"""
+        return self.site_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``/Library/Caches/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/Library/Caches")
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Logs/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Logs"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Documents``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Documents")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Downloads``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Downloads")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Pictures``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Pictures")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Movies``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Movies")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Music``"""
+        return os.path.expanduser("~/Music")  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser("~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MacOS",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468b0ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/unix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+"""Unix."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+
+    def getuid() -> int:
+        msg = "should only be used on Unix"
+        raise RuntimeError(msg)
+
+else:
+    from os import getuid
+
+
+class Unix(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    On Unix/Linux, we follow the
+    `XDG Basedir Spec <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html>`_. The spec allows
+    overriding directories with environment variables. The examples show are the default values, alongside the name of
+    the environment variable that overrides them. Makes use of the
+    `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`,
+    `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.local/share/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_DATA_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directories shared by users (if `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>` is
+         enabled and ``XDG_DATA_DIR`` is set and a multi path the response is also a multi path separated by the OS
+         path separator), e.g. ``/usr/local/share/$appname/$version`` or ``/usr/share/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS; only first, if multipath is False
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_DIRS", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = f"/usr/local/share{os.pathsep}/usr/share"
+        return self._with_multi_path(path)
+
+    def _with_multi_path(self, path: str) -> str:
+        path_list = path.split(os.pathsep)
+        if not self.multipath:
+            path_list = path_list[0:1]
+        path_list = [self._append_app_name_and_version(os.path.expanduser(p)) for p in path_list]  # noqa: PTH111
+        return os.pathsep.join(path_list)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.config/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.config")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: config directories shared by users (if `multipath <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.multipath>`
+         is enabled and ``XDG_DATA_DIR`` is set and a multi path the response is also a multi path separated by the OS
+         path separator), e.g. ``/etc/xdg/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS only first, if multipath is False
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = "/etc/xdg"
+        return self._with_multi_path(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.cache/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``~/$XDG_CACHE_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_CACHE_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``/var/tmp/$appname/$version``"""
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version("/var/tmp")  # noqa: S108
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: state directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/.local/state/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_STATE_HOME/$appname/$version``
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_STATE_HOME", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            path = os.path.expanduser("~/.local/state")  # noqa: PTH111
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_state_dir` if not opinionated else ``log`` in it"""
+        path = self.user_state_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "log")  # noqa: PTH118
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Documents``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR", "~/Documents")
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Downloads``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR", "~/Downloads")
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Pictures``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_PICTURES_DIR", "~/Pictures")
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Videos``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_VIDEOS_DIR", "~/Videos")
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user, e.g. ``~/Music``"""
+        return _get_user_media_dir("XDG_MUSIC_DIR", "~/Music")
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g. ``/run/user/$(id -u)/$appname/$version`` or
+         ``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$appname/$version``.
+
+         For FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD, it would return ``/var/run/user/$(id -u)/$appname/$version`` if
+         exists, otherwise ``/tmp/runtime-$(id -u)/$appname/$version``, if``$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR``
+         is not set.
+        """
+        path = os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "")
+        if not path.strip():
+            if sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "openbsd", "netbsd")):
+                path = f"/var/run/user/{getuid()}"
+                if not Path(path).exists():
+                    path = f"/tmp/runtime-{getuid()}"  # noqa: S108
+            else:
+                path = f"/run/user/{getuid()}"
+        return self._append_app_name_and_version(path)
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: data path shared by users. Only return first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_data_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: config path shared by the users. Only return first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_config_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_path(self) -> Path:
+        """:return: cache path shared by users. Only return first item, even if ``multipath`` is set to ``True``"""
+        return self._first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self.site_cache_dir)
+
+    def _first_item_as_path_if_multipath(self, directory: str) -> Path:
+        if self.multipath:
+            # If multipath is True, the first path is returned.
+            directory = directory.split(os.pathsep)[0]
+        return Path(directory)
+
+
+def _get_user_media_dir(env_var: str, fallback_tilde_path: str) -> str:
+    media_dir = _get_user_dirs_folder(env_var)
+    if media_dir is None:
+        media_dir = os.environ.get(env_var, "").strip()
+        if not media_dir:
+            media_dir = os.path.expanduser(fallback_tilde_path)  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    return media_dir
+
+
+def _get_user_dirs_folder(key: str) -> str | None:
+    """Return directory from user-dirs.dirs config file. See https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/."""
+    user_dirs_config_path = Path(Unix().user_config_dir) / "user-dirs.dirs"
+    if user_dirs_config_path.exists():
+        parser = ConfigParser()
+
+        with user_dirs_config_path.open() as stream:
+            # Add fake section header, so ConfigParser doesn't complain
+            parser.read_string(f"[top]\n{stream.read()}")
+
+        if key not in parser["top"]:
+            return None
+
+        path = parser["top"][key].strip('"')
+        # Handle relative home paths
+        return path.replace("$HOME", os.path.expanduser("~"))  # noqa: PTH111
+
+    return None
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Unix",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc8c44c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# file generated by setuptools_scm
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+__version__ = version = '3.8.1'
+__version_tuple__ = version_tuple = (3, 8, 1)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b52c9c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/platformdirs/windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+"""Windows."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ctypes
+import os
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .api import PlatformDirsABC
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+class Windows(PlatformDirsABC):
+    """
+    `MSDN on where to store app data files
+    <http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310294#XSLTH3194121123120121120120>`_.
+    Makes use of the
+    `appname <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appname>`,
+    `appauthor <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.appauthor>`,
+    `version <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.version>`,
+    `roaming <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.roaming>`,
+    `opinion <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.opinion>`,
+    `ensure_exists <platformdirs.api.PlatformDirsABC.ensure_exists>`.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def user_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: data directory tied to the user, e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\$appauthor\\$appname`` (not roaming) or
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Roaming\\$appauthor\\$appname`` (roaming)
+        """
+        const = "CSIDL_APPDATA" if self.roaming else "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder(const))
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    def _append_parts(self, path: str, *, opinion_value: str | None = None) -> str:
+        params = []
+        if self.appname:
+            if self.appauthor is not False:
+                author = self.appauthor or self.appname
+                params.append(author)
+            params.append(self.appname)
+            if opinion_value is not None and self.opinion:
+                params.append(opinion_value)
+            if self.version:
+                params.append(self.version)
+        path = os.path.join(path, *params)  # noqa: PTH118
+        self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def site_data_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: data directory shared by users, e.g. ``C:\\ProgramData\\$appauthor\\$appname``"""
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+    @property
+    def user_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def site_config_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: config directory shared by the users, same as `site_data_dir`"""
+        return self.site_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: cache directory tied to the user (if opinionated with ``Cache`` folder within ``$appname``) e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\$appauthor\\$appname\\Cache\\$version``
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path, opinion_value="Cache")
+
+    @property
+    def site_cache_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: cache directory shared by users, e.g. ``C:\\ProgramData\\$appauthor\\$appname\\Cache\\$version``"""
+        path = os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
+        return self._append_parts(path, opinion_value="Cache")
+
+    @property
+    def user_state_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: state directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir`"""
+        return self.user_data_dir
+
+    @property
+    def user_log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: log directory tied to the user, same as `user_data_dir` if not opinionated else ``Logs`` in it"""
+        path = self.user_data_dir
+        if self.opinion:
+            path = os.path.join(path, "Logs")  # noqa: PTH118
+            self._optionally_create_directory(path)
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def user_documents_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: documents directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Documents``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_PERSONAL"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_downloads_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: downloads directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Downloads``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_DOWNLOADS"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_pictures_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: pictures directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Pictures``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYPICTURES"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_videos_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: videos directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Videos``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYVIDEO"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_music_dir(self) -> str:
+        """:return: music directory tied to the user e.g. ``%USERPROFILE%\\Music``"""
+        return os.path.normpath(get_win_folder("CSIDL_MYMUSIC"))
+
+    @property
+    def user_runtime_dir(self) -> str:
+        """
+        :return: runtime directory tied to the user, e.g.
+         ``%USERPROFILE%\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\$appauthor\\$appname``
+        """
+        path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"), "Temp"))  # noqa: PTH118
+        return self._append_parts(path)
+
+
+def get_win_folder_from_env_vars(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get folder from environment variables."""
+    result = get_win_folder_if_csidl_name_not_env_var(csidl_name)
+    if result is not None:
+        return result
+
+    env_var_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "APPDATA",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "ALLUSERSPROFILE",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "LOCALAPPDATA",
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if env_var_name is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    result = os.environ.get(env_var_name)
+    if result is None:
+        msg = f"Unset environment variable: {env_var_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return result
+
+
+def get_win_folder_if_csidl_name_not_env_var(csidl_name: str) -> str | None:
+    """Get folder for a CSIDL name that does not exist as an environment variable."""
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_PERSONAL":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Documents")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Downloads")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYPICTURES":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Pictures")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYVIDEO":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Videos")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_MYMUSIC":
+        return os.path.join(os.path.normpath(os.environ["USERPROFILE"]), "Music")  # noqa: PTH118
+    return None
+
+
+def get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Get folder from the registry.
+
+    This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the registry for these guarantees us the correct answer
+    for all CSIDL_* names.
+    """
+    shell_folder_name = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData",
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData",
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData",
+        "CSIDL_PERSONAL": "Personal",
+        "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS": "{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}",
+        "CSIDL_MYPICTURES": "My Pictures",
+        "CSIDL_MYVIDEO": "My Video",
+        "CSIDL_MYMUSIC": "My Music",
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if shell_folder_name is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    if sys.platform != "win32":  # only needed for mypy type checker to know that this code runs only on Windows
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    import winreg
+
+    key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders")
+    directory, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name)
+    return str(directory)
+
+
+def get_win_folder_via_ctypes(csidl_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get folder with ctypes."""
+    # There is no 'CSIDL_DOWNLOADS'.
+    # Use 'CSIDL_PROFILE' (40) and append the default folder 'Downloads' instead.
+    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/knownfolderid
+
+    csidl_const = {
+        "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26,
+        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35,
+        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28,
+        "CSIDL_PERSONAL": 5,
+        "CSIDL_MYPICTURES": 39,
+        "CSIDL_MYVIDEO": 14,
+        "CSIDL_MYMUSIC": 13,
+        "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS": 40,
+    }.get(csidl_name)
+    if csidl_const is None:
+        msg = f"Unknown CSIDL name: {csidl_name}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+    windll = getattr(ctypes, "windll")  # noqa: B009 # using getattr to avoid false positive with mypy type checker
+    windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf)
+
+    # Downgrade to short path name if it has highbit chars.
+    if any(ord(c) > 255 for c in buf):  # noqa: PLR2004
+        buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+        if windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024):
+            buf = buf2
+
+    if csidl_name == "CSIDL_DOWNLOADS":
+        return os.path.join(buf.value, "Downloads")  # noqa: PTH118
+
+    return buf.value
+
+
+def _pick_get_win_folder() -> Callable[[str], str]:
+    if hasattr(ctypes, "windll"):
+        return get_win_folder_via_ctypes
+    try:
+        import winreg  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError:
+        return get_win_folder_from_env_vars
+    else:
+        return get_win_folder_from_registry
+
+
+get_win_folder = lru_cache(maxsize=None)(_pick_get_win_folder())
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Windows",
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39c84aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""
+    Pygments
+    ~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python.
+
+    It is a generic syntax highlighter for general use in all kinds of software
+    such as forum systems, wikis or other applications that need to prettify
+    source code. Highlights are:
+
+    * a wide range of common languages and markup formats is supported
+    * special attention is paid to details, increasing quality by a fair amount
+    * support for new languages and formats are added easily
+    * a number of output formats, presently HTML, LaTeX, RTF, SVG, all image
+      formats that PIL supports, and ANSI sequences
+    * it is usable as a command-line tool and as a library
+    * ... and it highlights even Brainfuck!
+
+    The `Pygments master branch`_ is installable with ``easy_install Pygments==dev``.
+
+    .. _Pygments master branch:
+       https://github.com/pygments/pygments/archive/master.zip#egg=Pygments-dev
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+from io import StringIO, BytesIO
+
+__version__ = '2.15.1'
+__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
+
+__all__ = ['lex', 'format', 'highlight']
+
+
+def lex(code, lexer):
+    """
+    Lex `code` with the `lexer` (must be a `Lexer` instance)
+    and return an iterable of tokens. Currently, this only calls
+    `lexer.get_tokens()`.
+    """
+    try:
+        return lexer.get_tokens(code)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Heuristic to catch a common mistake.
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import RegexLexer
+        if isinstance(lexer, type) and issubclass(lexer, RegexLexer):
+            raise TypeError('lex() argument must be a lexer instance, '
+                            'not a class')
+        raise
+
+
+def format(tokens, formatter, outfile=None):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+    """
+    Format ``tokens`` (an iterable of tokens) with the formatter ``formatter``
+    (a `Formatter` instance).
+
+    If ``outfile`` is given and a valid file object (an object with a
+    ``write`` method), the result will be written to it, otherwise it
+    is returned as a string.
+    """
+    try:
+        if not outfile:
+            realoutfile = getattr(formatter, 'encoding', None) and BytesIO() or StringIO()
+            formatter.format(tokens, realoutfile)
+            return realoutfile.getvalue()
+        else:
+            formatter.format(tokens, outfile)
+    except TypeError:
+        # Heuristic to catch a common mistake.
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+        if isinstance(formatter, type) and issubclass(formatter, Formatter):
+            raise TypeError('format() argument must be a formatter instance, '
+                            'not a class')
+        raise
+
+
+def highlight(code, lexer, formatter, outfile=None):
+    """
+    This is the most high-level highlighting function. It combines `lex` and
+    `format` in one function.
+    """
+    return format(lex(code, lexer), formatter, outfile)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f7f8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+    pygments.__main__
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Main entry point for ``python -m pygments``.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from pip._vendor.pygments.cmdline import main
+
+try:
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    sys.exit(1)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eec1775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/cmdline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+"""
+    pygments.cmdline
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Command line interface.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import shutil
+import argparse
+from textwrap import dedent
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments import __version__, highlight
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound, OptionError, docstring_headline, \
+    guess_decode, guess_decode_from_terminal, terminal_encoding, \
+    UnclosingTextIOWrapper
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import get_all_lexers, get_lexer_by_name, guess_lexer, \
+    load_lexer_from_file, get_lexer_for_filename, find_lexer_class_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special import TextLexer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.latex import LatexEmbeddedLexer, LatexFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters import get_all_formatters, get_formatter_by_name, \
+    load_formatter_from_file, get_formatter_for_filename, find_formatter_class
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.terminal import TerminalFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters.terminal256 import Terminal256Formatter, TerminalTrueColorFormatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import get_all_filters, find_filter_class
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_all_styles, get_style_by_name
+
+
+def _parse_options(o_strs):
+    opts = {}
+    if not o_strs:
+        return opts
+    for o_str in o_strs:
+        if not o_str.strip():
+            continue
+        o_args = o_str.split(',')
+        for o_arg in o_args:
+            o_arg = o_arg.strip()
+            try:
+                o_key, o_val = o_arg.split('=', 1)
+                o_key = o_key.strip()
+                o_val = o_val.strip()
+            except ValueError:
+                opts[o_arg] = True
+            else:
+                opts[o_key] = o_val
+    return opts
+
+
+def _parse_filters(f_strs):
+    filters = []
+    if not f_strs:
+        return filters
+    for f_str in f_strs:
+        if ':' in f_str:
+            fname, fopts = f_str.split(':', 1)
+            filters.append((fname, _parse_options([fopts])))
+        else:
+            filters.append((f_str, {}))
+    return filters
+
+
+def _print_help(what, name):
+    try:
+        if what == 'lexer':
+            cls = get_lexer_by_name(name)
+            print("Help on the %s lexer:" % cls.name)
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        elif what == 'formatter':
+            cls = find_formatter_class(name)
+            print("Help on the %s formatter:" % cls.name)
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        elif what == 'filter':
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            print("Help on the %s filter:" % name)
+            print(dedent(cls.__doc__))
+        return 0
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        print("%s not found!" % what, file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+
+def _print_list(what):
+    if what == 'lexer':
+        print()
+        print("Lexers:")
+        print("~~~~~~~")
+
+        info = []
+        for fullname, names, exts, _ in get_all_lexers():
+            tup = (', '.join(names)+':', fullname,
+                   exts and '(filenames ' + ', '.join(exts) + ')' or '')
+            info.append(tup)
+        info.sort()
+        for i in info:
+            print(('* %s\n    %s %s') % i)
+
+    elif what == 'formatter':
+        print()
+        print("Formatters:")
+        print("~~~~~~~~~~~")
+
+        info = []
+        for cls in get_all_formatters():
+            doc = docstring_headline(cls)
+            tup = (', '.join(cls.aliases) + ':', doc, cls.filenames and
+                   '(filenames ' + ', '.join(cls.filenames) + ')' or '')
+            info.append(tup)
+        info.sort()
+        for i in info:
+            print(('* %s\n    %s %s') % i)
+
+    elif what == 'filter':
+        print()
+        print("Filters:")
+        print("~~~~~~~~")
+
+        for name in get_all_filters():
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            print("* " + name + ':')
+            print("    %s" % docstring_headline(cls))
+
+    elif what == 'style':
+        print()
+        print("Styles:")
+        print("~~~~~~~")
+
+        for name in get_all_styles():
+            cls = get_style_by_name(name)
+            print("* " + name + ':')
+            print("    %s" % docstring_headline(cls))
+
+
+def _print_list_as_json(requested_items):
+    import json
+    result = {}
+    if 'lexer' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for fullname, names, filenames, mimetypes in get_all_lexers():
+            info[fullname] = {
+                'aliases': names,
+                'filenames': filenames,
+                'mimetypes': mimetypes
+            }
+        result['lexers'] = info
+
+    if 'formatter' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for cls in get_all_formatters():
+            doc = docstring_headline(cls)
+            info[cls.name] = {
+                'aliases': cls.aliases,
+                'filenames': cls.filenames,
+                'doc': doc
+            }
+        result['formatters'] = info
+
+    if 'filter' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for name in get_all_filters():
+            cls = find_filter_class(name)
+            info[name] = {
+                'doc': docstring_headline(cls)
+            }
+        result['filters'] = info
+
+    if 'style' in requested_items:
+        info = {}
+        for name in get_all_styles():
+            cls = get_style_by_name(name)
+            info[name] = {
+                'doc': docstring_headline(cls)
+            }
+        result['styles'] = info
+
+    json.dump(result, sys.stdout)
+
+def main_inner(parser, argns):
+    if argns.help:
+        parser.print_help()
+        return 0
+
+    if argns.V:
+        print('Pygments version %s, (c) 2006-2023 by Georg Brandl, Matthäus '
+              'Chajdas and contributors.' % __version__)
+        return 0
+
+    def is_only_option(opt):
+        return not any(v for (k, v) in vars(argns).items() if k != opt)
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -L``
+    if argns.L is not None:
+        arg_set = set()
+        for k, v in vars(argns).items():
+            if v:
+                arg_set.add(k)
+
+        arg_set.discard('L')
+        arg_set.discard('json')
+
+        if arg_set:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        # print version
+        if not argns.json:
+            main(['', '-V'])
+        allowed_types = {'lexer', 'formatter', 'filter', 'style'}
+        largs = [arg.rstrip('s') for arg in argns.L]
+        if any(arg not in allowed_types for arg in largs):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 0
+        if not largs:
+            largs = allowed_types
+        if not argns.json:
+            for arg in largs:
+                _print_list(arg)
+        else:
+            _print_list_as_json(largs)
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -H``
+    if argns.H:
+        if not is_only_option('H'):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        what, name = argns.H
+        if what not in ('lexer', 'formatter', 'filter'):
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        return _print_help(what, name)
+
+    # parse -O options
+    parsed_opts = _parse_options(argns.O or [])
+
+    # parse -P options
+    for p_opt in argns.P or []:
+        try:
+            name, value = p_opt.split('=', 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            parsed_opts[p_opt] = True
+        else:
+            parsed_opts[name] = value
+
+    # encodings
+    inencoding = parsed_opts.get('inencoding', parsed_opts.get('encoding'))
+    outencoding = parsed_opts.get('outencoding', parsed_opts.get('encoding'))
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -N``
+    if argns.N:
+        lexer = find_lexer_class_for_filename(argns.N)
+        if lexer is None:
+            lexer = TextLexer
+
+        print(lexer.aliases[0])
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -C``
+    if argns.C:
+        inp = sys.stdin.buffer.read()
+        try:
+            lexer = guess_lexer(inp, inencoding=inencoding)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            lexer = TextLexer
+
+        print(lexer.aliases[0])
+        return 0
+
+    # handle ``pygmentize -S``
+    S_opt = argns.S
+    a_opt = argns.a
+    if S_opt is not None:
+        f_opt = argns.f
+        if not f_opt:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        if argns.l or argns.INPUTFILE:
+            parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        try:
+            parsed_opts['style'] = S_opt
+            fmter = get_formatter_by_name(f_opt, **parsed_opts)
+        except ClassNotFound as err:
+            print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+        print(fmter.get_style_defs(a_opt or ''))
+        return 0
+
+    # if no -S is given, -a is not allowed
+    if argns.a is not None:
+        parser.print_help(sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    # parse -F options
+    F_opts = _parse_filters(argns.F or [])
+
+    # -x: allow custom (eXternal) lexers and formatters
+    allow_custom_lexer_formatter = bool(argns.x)
+
+    # select lexer
+    lexer = None
+
+    # given by name?
+    lexername = argns.l
+    if lexername:
+        # custom lexer, located relative to user's cwd
+        if allow_custom_lexer_formatter and '.py' in lexername:
+            try:
+                filename = None
+                name = None
+                if ':' in lexername:
+                    filename, name = lexername.rsplit(':', 1)
+
+                    if '.py' in name:
+                        # This can happen on Windows: If the lexername is
+                        # C:\lexer.py -- return to normal load path in that case
+                        name = None
+
+                if filename and name:
+                    lexer = load_lexer_from_file(filename, name,
+                                                 **parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    lexer = load_lexer_from_file(lexername, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                lexer = get_lexer_by_name(lexername, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    # read input code
+    code = None
+
+    if argns.INPUTFILE:
+        if argns.s:
+            print('Error: -s option not usable when input file specified',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+        infn = argns.INPUTFILE
+        try:
+            with open(infn, 'rb') as infp:
+                code = infp.read()
+        except Exception as err:
+            print('Error: cannot read infile:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+        if not inencoding:
+            code, inencoding = guess_decode(code)
+
+        # do we have to guess the lexer?
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                lexer = get_lexer_for_filename(infn, code, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                if argns.g:
+                    try:
+                        lexer = guess_lexer(code, **parsed_opts)
+                    except ClassNotFound:
+                        lexer = TextLexer(**parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                    return 1
+            except OptionError as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    elif not argns.s:  # treat stdin as full file (-s support is later)
+        # read code from terminal, always in binary mode since we want to
+        # decode ourselves and be tolerant with it
+        code = sys.stdin.buffer.read()  # use .buffer to get a binary stream
+        if not inencoding:
+            code, inencoding = guess_decode_from_terminal(code, sys.stdin)
+            # else the lexer will do the decoding
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                lexer = guess_lexer(code, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                lexer = TextLexer(**parsed_opts)
+
+    else:  # -s option needs a lexer with -l
+        if not lexer:
+            print('Error: when using -s a lexer has to be selected with -l',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+    # process filters
+    for fname, fopts in F_opts:
+        try:
+            lexer.add_filter(fname, **fopts)
+        except ClassNotFound as err:
+            print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+    # select formatter
+    outfn = argns.o
+    fmter = argns.f
+    if fmter:
+        # custom formatter, located relative to user's cwd
+        if allow_custom_lexer_formatter and '.py' in fmter:
+            try:
+                filename = None
+                name = None
+                if ':' in fmter:
+                    # Same logic as above for custom lexer
+                    filename, name = fmter.rsplit(':', 1)
+
+                    if '.py' in name:
+                        name = None
+
+                if filename and name:
+                    fmter = load_formatter_from_file(filename, name,
+                                                     **parsed_opts)
+                else:
+                    fmter = load_formatter_from_file(fmter, **parsed_opts)
+            except ClassNotFound as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        else:
+            try:
+                fmter = get_formatter_by_name(fmter, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+
+    if outfn:
+        if not fmter:
+            try:
+                fmter = get_formatter_for_filename(outfn, **parsed_opts)
+            except (OptionError, ClassNotFound) as err:
+                print('Error:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        try:
+            outfile = open(outfn, 'wb')
+        except Exception as err:
+            print('Error: cannot open outfile:', err, file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+    else:
+        if not fmter:
+            if os.environ.get('COLORTERM','') in ('truecolor', '24bit'):
+                fmter = TerminalTrueColorFormatter(**parsed_opts)
+            elif '256' in os.environ.get('TERM', ''):
+                fmter = Terminal256Formatter(**parsed_opts)
+            else:
+                fmter = TerminalFormatter(**parsed_opts)
+        outfile = sys.stdout.buffer
+
+    # determine output encoding if not explicitly selected
+    if not outencoding:
+        if outfn:
+            # output file? use lexer encoding for now (can still be None)
+            fmter.encoding = inencoding
+        else:
+            # else use terminal encoding
+            fmter.encoding = terminal_encoding(sys.stdout)
+
+    # provide coloring under Windows, if possible
+    if not outfn and sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin') and \
+       fmter.name in ('Terminal', 'Terminal256'):  # pragma: no cover
+        # unfortunately colorama doesn't support binary streams on Py3
+        outfile = UnclosingTextIOWrapper(outfile, encoding=fmter.encoding)
+        fmter.encoding = None
+        try:
+            import pip._vendor.colorama.initialise as colorama_initialise
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            outfile = colorama_initialise.wrap_stream(
+                outfile, convert=None, strip=None, autoreset=False, wrap=True)
+
+    # When using the LaTeX formatter and the option `escapeinside` is
+    # specified, we need a special lexer which collects escaped text
+    # before running the chosen language lexer.
+    escapeinside = parsed_opts.get('escapeinside', '')
+    if len(escapeinside) == 2 and isinstance(fmter, LatexFormatter):
+        left = escapeinside[0]
+        right = escapeinside[1]
+        lexer = LatexEmbeddedLexer(left, right, lexer)
+
+    # ... and do it!
+    if not argns.s:
+        # process whole input as per normal...
+        try:
+            highlight(code, lexer, fmter, outfile)
+        finally:
+            if outfn:
+                outfile.close()
+        return 0
+    else:
+        # line by line processing of stdin (eg: for 'tail -f')...
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                line = sys.stdin.buffer.readline()
+                if not line:
+                    break
+                if not inencoding:
+                    line = guess_decode_from_terminal(line, sys.stdin)[0]
+                highlight(line, lexer, fmter, outfile)
+                if hasattr(outfile, 'flush'):
+                    outfile.flush()
+            return 0
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+            return 0
+        finally:
+            if outfn:
+                outfile.close()
+
+
+class HelpFormatter(argparse.HelpFormatter):
+    def __init__(self, prog, indent_increment=2, max_help_position=16, width=None):
+        if width is None:
+            try:
+                width = shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - 2
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        argparse.HelpFormatter.__init__(self, prog, indent_increment,
+                                        max_help_position, width)
+
+
+def main(args=sys.argv):
+    """
+    Main command line entry point.
+    """
+    desc = "Highlight an input file and write the result to an output file."
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=desc, add_help=False,
+                                     formatter_class=HelpFormatter)
+
+    operation = parser.add_argument_group('Main operation')
+    lexersel = operation.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    lexersel.add_argument(
+        '-l', metavar='LEXER',
+        help='Specify the lexer to use.  (Query names with -L.)  If not '
+        'given and -g is not present, the lexer is guessed from the filename.')
+    lexersel.add_argument(
+        '-g', action='store_true',
+        help='Guess the lexer from the file contents, or pass through '
+        'as plain text if nothing can be guessed.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-F', metavar='FILTER[:options]', action='append',
+        help='Add a filter to the token stream.  (Query names with -L.) '
+        'Filter options are given after a colon if necessary.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-f', metavar='FORMATTER',
+        help='Specify the formatter to use.  (Query names with -L.) '
+        'If not given, the formatter is guessed from the output filename, '
+        'and defaults to the terminal formatter if the output is to the '
+        'terminal or an unknown file extension.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-O', metavar='OPTION=value[,OPTION=value,...]', action='append',
+        help='Give options to the lexer and formatter as a comma-separated '
+        'list of key-value pairs. '
+        'Example: `-O bg=light,python=cool`.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-P', metavar='OPTION=value', action='append',
+        help='Give a single option to the lexer and formatter - with this '
+        'you can pass options whose value contains commas and equal signs. '
+        'Example: `-P "heading=Pygments, the Python highlighter"`.')
+    operation.add_argument(
+        '-o', metavar='OUTPUTFILE',
+        help='Where to write the output.  Defaults to standard output.')
+
+    operation.add_argument(
+        'INPUTFILE', nargs='?',
+        help='Where to read the input.  Defaults to standard input.')
+
+    flags = parser.add_argument_group('Operation flags')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-v', action='store_true',
+        help='Print a detailed traceback on unhandled exceptions, which '
+        'is useful for debugging and bug reports.')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-s', action='store_true',
+        help='Process lines one at a time until EOF, rather than waiting to '
+        'process the entire file.  This only works for stdin, only for lexers '
+        'with no line-spanning constructs, and is intended for streaming '
+        'input such as you get from `tail -f`. '
+        'Example usage: `tail -f sql.log | pygmentize -s -l sql`.')
+    flags.add_argument(
+        '-x', action='store_true',
+        help='Allow custom lexers and formatters to be loaded from a .py file '
+        'relative to the current working directory. For example, '
+        '`-l ./customlexer.py -x`. By default, this option expects a file '
+        'with a class named CustomLexer or CustomFormatter; you can also '
+        'specify your own class name with a colon (`-l ./lexer.py:MyLexer`). '
+        'Users should be very careful not to use this option with untrusted '
+        'files, because it will import and run them.')
+    flags.add_argument('--json', help='Output as JSON. This can '
+        'be only used in conjunction with -L.',
+        default=False,
+        action='store_true')
+
+    special_modes_group = parser.add_argument_group(
+        'Special modes - do not do any highlighting')
+    special_modes = special_modes_group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-S', metavar='STYLE -f formatter',
+        help='Print style definitions for STYLE for a formatter '
+        'given with -f. The argument given by -a is formatter '
+        'dependent.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-L', nargs='*', metavar='WHAT',
+        help='List lexers, formatters, styles or filters -- '
+        'give additional arguments for the thing(s) you want to list '
+        '(e.g. "styles"), or omit them to list everything.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-N', metavar='FILENAME',
+        help='Guess and print out a lexer name based solely on the given '
+        'filename. Does not take input or highlight anything. If no specific '
+        'lexer can be determined, "text" is printed.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-C', action='store_true',
+        help='Like -N, but print out a lexer name based solely on '
+        'a given content from standard input.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-H', action='store', nargs=2, metavar=('NAME', 'TYPE'),
+        help='Print detailed help for the object <name> of type <type>, '
+        'where <type> is one of "lexer", "formatter" or "filter".')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-V', action='store_true',
+        help='Print the package version.')
+    special_modes.add_argument(
+        '-h', '--help', action='store_true',
+        help='Print this help.')
+    special_modes_group.add_argument(
+        '-a', metavar='ARG',
+        help='Formatter-specific additional argument for the -S (print '
+        'style sheet) mode.')
+
+    argns = parser.parse_args(args[1:])
+
+    try:
+        return main_inner(parser, argns)
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        # someone closed our stdout, e.g. by quitting a pager.
+        return 0
+    except Exception:
+        if argns.v:
+            print(file=sys.stderr)
+            print('*' * 65, file=sys.stderr)
+            print('An unhandled exception occurred while highlighting.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('Please report the whole traceback to the issue tracker at',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('<https://github.com/pygments/pygments/issues>.',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            print('*' * 65, file=sys.stderr)
+            print(file=sys.stderr)
+            raise
+        import traceback
+        info = traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info())
+        msg = info[-1].strip()
+        if len(info) >= 3:
+            # extract relevant file and position info
+            msg += '\n   (f%s)' % info[-2].split('\n')[0].strip()[1:]
+        print(file=sys.stderr)
+        print('*** Error while highlighting:', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        print('*** If this is a bug you want to report, please rerun with -v.',
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deb4937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""
+    pygments.console
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Format colored console output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+esc = "\x1b["
+
+codes = {}
+codes[""] = ""
+codes["reset"] = esc + "39;49;00m"
+
+codes["bold"] = esc + "01m"
+codes["faint"] = esc + "02m"
+codes["standout"] = esc + "03m"
+codes["underline"] = esc + "04m"
+codes["blink"] = esc + "05m"
+codes["overline"] = esc + "06m"
+
+dark_colors = ["black", "red", "green", "yellow", "blue",
+               "magenta", "cyan", "gray"]
+light_colors = ["brightblack", "brightred", "brightgreen", "brightyellow", "brightblue",
+                "brightmagenta", "brightcyan", "white"]
+
+x = 30
+for d, l in zip(dark_colors, light_colors):
+    codes[d] = esc + "%im" % x
+    codes[l] = esc + "%im" % (60 + x)
+    x += 1
+
+del d, l, x
+
+codes["white"] = codes["bold"]
+
+
+def reset_color():
+    return codes["reset"]
+
+
+def colorize(color_key, text):
+    return codes[color_key] + text + codes["reset"]
+
+
+def ansiformat(attr, text):
+    """
+    Format ``text`` with a color and/or some attributes::
+
+        color       normal color
+        *color*     bold color
+        _color_     underlined color
+        +color+     blinking color
+    """
+    result = []
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '+':
+        result.append(codes['blink'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '*':
+        result.append(codes['bold'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    if attr[:1] == attr[-1:] == '_':
+        result.append(codes['underline'])
+        attr = attr[1:-1]
+    result.append(codes[attr])
+    result.append(text)
+    result.append(codes['reset'])
+    return ''.join(result)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dafa08d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+    pygments.filter
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Module that implements the default filter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+def apply_filters(stream, filters, lexer=None):
+    """
+    Use this method to apply an iterable of filters to
+    a stream. If lexer is given it's forwarded to the
+    filter, otherwise the filter receives `None`.
+    """
+    def _apply(filter_, stream):
+        yield from filter_.filter(lexer, stream)
+    for filter_ in filters:
+        stream = _apply(filter_, stream)
+    return stream
+
+
+def simplefilter(f):
+    """
+    Decorator that converts a function into a filter::
+
+        @simplefilter
+        def lowercase(self, lexer, stream, options):
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                yield ttype, value.lower()
+    """
+    return type(f.__name__, (FunctionFilter,), {
+        '__module__': getattr(f, '__module__'),
+        '__doc__': f.__doc__,
+        'function': f,
+    })
+
+
+class Filter:
+    """
+    Default filter. Subclass this class or use the `simplefilter`
+    decorator to create own filters.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        self.options = options
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class FunctionFilter(Filter):
+    """
+    Abstract class used by `simplefilter` to create simple
+    function filters on the fly. The `simplefilter` decorator
+    automatically creates subclasses of this class for
+    functions passed to it.
+    """
+    function = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        if not hasattr(self, 'function'):
+            raise TypeError('%r used without bound function' %
+                            self.__class__.__name__)
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        # pylint: disable=not-callable
+        yield from self.function(lexer, stream, self.options)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aa9ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,940 @@
+"""
+    pygments.filters
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Module containing filter lookup functions and default
+    filters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import String, Comment, Keyword, Name, Error, Whitespace, \
+    string_to_tokentype
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filter import Filter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_list_opt, get_int_opt, get_bool_opt, \
+    get_choice_opt, ClassNotFound, OptionError
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_filters
+
+
+def find_filter_class(filtername):
+    """Lookup a filter by name. Return None if not found."""
+    if filtername in FILTERS:
+        return FILTERS[filtername]
+    for name, cls in find_plugin_filters():
+        if name == filtername:
+            return cls
+    return None
+
+
+def get_filter_by_name(filtername, **options):
+    """Return an instantiated filter.
+
+    Options are passed to the filter initializer if wanted.
+    Raise a ClassNotFound if not found.
+    """
+    cls = find_filter_class(filtername)
+    if cls:
+        return cls(**options)
+    else:
+        raise ClassNotFound('filter %r not found' % filtername)
+
+
+def get_all_filters():
+    """Return a generator of all filter names."""
+    yield from FILTERS
+    for name, _ in find_plugin_filters():
+        yield name
+
+
+def _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, specialttype,
+                     replacefunc=lambda x: x):
+    last = 0
+    for match in regex.finditer(value):
+        start, end = match.start(), match.end()
+        if start != last:
+            yield ttype, value[last:start]
+        yield specialttype, replacefunc(value[start:end])
+        last = end
+    if last != len(value):
+        yield ttype, value[last:]
+
+
+class CodeTagFilter(Filter):
+    """Highlight special code tags in comments and docstrings.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `codetags` : list of strings
+       A list of strings that are flagged as code tags.  The default is to
+       highlight ``XXX``, ``TODO``, ``FIXME``, ``BUG`` and ``NOTE``.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.13
+       Now recognizes ``FIXME`` by default.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        tags = get_list_opt(options, 'codetags',
+                            ['XXX', 'TODO', 'FIXME', 'BUG', 'NOTE'])
+        self.tag_re = re.compile(r'\b(%s)\b' % '|'.join([
+            re.escape(tag) for tag in tags if tag
+        ]))
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        regex = self.tag_re
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in String.Doc or \
+               ttype in Comment and \
+               ttype not in Comment.Preproc:
+                yield from _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, Comment.Special)
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class SymbolFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert mathematical symbols such as \\<longrightarrow> in Isabelle
+    or \\longrightarrow in LaTeX into Unicode characters.
+
+    This is mostly useful for HTML or console output when you want to
+    approximate the source rendering you'd see in an IDE.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `lang` : string
+       The symbol language. Must be one of ``'isabelle'`` or
+       ``'latex'``.  The default is ``'isabelle'``.
+    """
+
+    latex_symbols = {
+        '\\alpha'                : '\U000003b1',
+        '\\beta'                 : '\U000003b2',
+        '\\gamma'                : '\U000003b3',
+        '\\delta'                : '\U000003b4',
+        '\\varepsilon'           : '\U000003b5',
+        '\\zeta'                 : '\U000003b6',
+        '\\eta'                  : '\U000003b7',
+        '\\vartheta'             : '\U000003b8',
+        '\\iota'                 : '\U000003b9',
+        '\\kappa'                : '\U000003ba',
+        '\\lambda'               : '\U000003bb',
+        '\\mu'                   : '\U000003bc',
+        '\\nu'                   : '\U000003bd',
+        '\\xi'                   : '\U000003be',
+        '\\pi'                   : '\U000003c0',
+        '\\varrho'               : '\U000003c1',
+        '\\sigma'                : '\U000003c3',
+        '\\tau'                  : '\U000003c4',
+        '\\upsilon'              : '\U000003c5',
+        '\\varphi'               : '\U000003c6',
+        '\\chi'                  : '\U000003c7',
+        '\\psi'                  : '\U000003c8',
+        '\\omega'                : '\U000003c9',
+        '\\Gamma'                : '\U00000393',
+        '\\Delta'                : '\U00000394',
+        '\\Theta'                : '\U00000398',
+        '\\Lambda'               : '\U0000039b',
+        '\\Xi'                   : '\U0000039e',
+        '\\Pi'                   : '\U000003a0',
+        '\\Sigma'                : '\U000003a3',
+        '\\Upsilon'              : '\U000003a5',
+        '\\Phi'                  : '\U000003a6',
+        '\\Psi'                  : '\U000003a8',
+        '\\Omega'                : '\U000003a9',
+        '\\leftarrow'            : '\U00002190',
+        '\\longleftarrow'        : '\U000027f5',
+        '\\rightarrow'           : '\U00002192',
+        '\\longrightarrow'       : '\U000027f6',
+        '\\Leftarrow'            : '\U000021d0',
+        '\\Longleftarrow'        : '\U000027f8',
+        '\\Rightarrow'           : '\U000021d2',
+        '\\Longrightarrow'       : '\U000027f9',
+        '\\leftrightarrow'       : '\U00002194',
+        '\\longleftrightarrow'   : '\U000027f7',
+        '\\Leftrightarrow'       : '\U000021d4',
+        '\\Longleftrightarrow'   : '\U000027fa',
+        '\\mapsto'               : '\U000021a6',
+        '\\longmapsto'           : '\U000027fc',
+        '\\relbar'               : '\U00002500',
+        '\\Relbar'               : '\U00002550',
+        '\\hookleftarrow'        : '\U000021a9',
+        '\\hookrightarrow'       : '\U000021aa',
+        '\\leftharpoondown'      : '\U000021bd',
+        '\\rightharpoondown'     : '\U000021c1',
+        '\\leftharpoonup'        : '\U000021bc',
+        '\\rightharpoonup'       : '\U000021c0',
+        '\\rightleftharpoons'    : '\U000021cc',
+        '\\leadsto'              : '\U0000219d',
+        '\\downharpoonleft'      : '\U000021c3',
+        '\\downharpoonright'     : '\U000021c2',
+        '\\upharpoonleft'        : '\U000021bf',
+        '\\upharpoonright'       : '\U000021be',
+        '\\restriction'          : '\U000021be',
+        '\\uparrow'              : '\U00002191',
+        '\\Uparrow'              : '\U000021d1',
+        '\\downarrow'            : '\U00002193',
+        '\\Downarrow'            : '\U000021d3',
+        '\\updownarrow'          : '\U00002195',
+        '\\Updownarrow'          : '\U000021d5',
+        '\\langle'               : '\U000027e8',
+        '\\rangle'               : '\U000027e9',
+        '\\lceil'                : '\U00002308',
+        '\\rceil'                : '\U00002309',
+        '\\lfloor'               : '\U0000230a',
+        '\\rfloor'               : '\U0000230b',
+        '\\flqq'                 : '\U000000ab',
+        '\\frqq'                 : '\U000000bb',
+        '\\bot'                  : '\U000022a5',
+        '\\top'                  : '\U000022a4',
+        '\\wedge'                : '\U00002227',
+        '\\bigwedge'             : '\U000022c0',
+        '\\vee'                  : '\U00002228',
+        '\\bigvee'               : '\U000022c1',
+        '\\forall'               : '\U00002200',
+        '\\exists'               : '\U00002203',
+        '\\nexists'              : '\U00002204',
+        '\\neg'                  : '\U000000ac',
+        '\\Box'                  : '\U000025a1',
+        '\\Diamond'              : '\U000025c7',
+        '\\vdash'                : '\U000022a2',
+        '\\models'               : '\U000022a8',
+        '\\dashv'                : '\U000022a3',
+        '\\surd'                 : '\U0000221a',
+        '\\le'                   : '\U00002264',
+        '\\ge'                   : '\U00002265',
+        '\\ll'                   : '\U0000226a',
+        '\\gg'                   : '\U0000226b',
+        '\\lesssim'              : '\U00002272',
+        '\\gtrsim'               : '\U00002273',
+        '\\lessapprox'           : '\U00002a85',
+        '\\gtrapprox'            : '\U00002a86',
+        '\\in'                   : '\U00002208',
+        '\\notin'                : '\U00002209',
+        '\\subset'               : '\U00002282',
+        '\\supset'               : '\U00002283',
+        '\\subseteq'             : '\U00002286',
+        '\\supseteq'             : '\U00002287',
+        '\\sqsubset'             : '\U0000228f',
+        '\\sqsupset'             : '\U00002290',
+        '\\sqsubseteq'           : '\U00002291',
+        '\\sqsupseteq'           : '\U00002292',
+        '\\cap'                  : '\U00002229',
+        '\\bigcap'               : '\U000022c2',
+        '\\cup'                  : '\U0000222a',
+        '\\bigcup'               : '\U000022c3',
+        '\\sqcup'                : '\U00002294',
+        '\\bigsqcup'             : '\U00002a06',
+        '\\sqcap'                : '\U00002293',
+        '\\Bigsqcap'             : '\U00002a05',
+        '\\setminus'             : '\U00002216',
+        '\\propto'               : '\U0000221d',
+        '\\uplus'                : '\U0000228e',
+        '\\bigplus'              : '\U00002a04',
+        '\\sim'                  : '\U0000223c',
+        '\\doteq'                : '\U00002250',
+        '\\simeq'                : '\U00002243',
+        '\\approx'               : '\U00002248',
+        '\\asymp'                : '\U0000224d',
+        '\\cong'                 : '\U00002245',
+        '\\equiv'                : '\U00002261',
+        '\\Join'                 : '\U000022c8',
+        '\\bowtie'               : '\U00002a1d',
+        '\\prec'                 : '\U0000227a',
+        '\\succ'                 : '\U0000227b',
+        '\\preceq'               : '\U0000227c',
+        '\\succeq'               : '\U0000227d',
+        '\\parallel'             : '\U00002225',
+        '\\mid'                  : '\U000000a6',
+        '\\pm'                   : '\U000000b1',
+        '\\mp'                   : '\U00002213',
+        '\\times'                : '\U000000d7',
+        '\\div'                  : '\U000000f7',
+        '\\cdot'                 : '\U000022c5',
+        '\\star'                 : '\U000022c6',
+        '\\circ'                 : '\U00002218',
+        '\\dagger'               : '\U00002020',
+        '\\ddagger'              : '\U00002021',
+        '\\lhd'                  : '\U000022b2',
+        '\\rhd'                  : '\U000022b3',
+        '\\unlhd'                : '\U000022b4',
+        '\\unrhd'                : '\U000022b5',
+        '\\triangleleft'         : '\U000025c3',
+        '\\triangleright'        : '\U000025b9',
+        '\\triangle'             : '\U000025b3',
+        '\\triangleq'            : '\U0000225c',
+        '\\oplus'                : '\U00002295',
+        '\\bigoplus'             : '\U00002a01',
+        '\\otimes'               : '\U00002297',
+        '\\bigotimes'            : '\U00002a02',
+        '\\odot'                 : '\U00002299',
+        '\\bigodot'              : '\U00002a00',
+        '\\ominus'               : '\U00002296',
+        '\\oslash'               : '\U00002298',
+        '\\dots'                 : '\U00002026',
+        '\\cdots'                : '\U000022ef',
+        '\\sum'                  : '\U00002211',
+        '\\prod'                 : '\U0000220f',
+        '\\coprod'               : '\U00002210',
+        '\\infty'                : '\U0000221e',
+        '\\int'                  : '\U0000222b',
+        '\\oint'                 : '\U0000222e',
+        '\\clubsuit'             : '\U00002663',
+        '\\diamondsuit'          : '\U00002662',
+        '\\heartsuit'            : '\U00002661',
+        '\\spadesuit'            : '\U00002660',
+        '\\aleph'                : '\U00002135',
+        '\\emptyset'             : '\U00002205',
+        '\\nabla'                : '\U00002207',
+        '\\partial'              : '\U00002202',
+        '\\flat'                 : '\U0000266d',
+        '\\natural'              : '\U0000266e',
+        '\\sharp'                : '\U0000266f',
+        '\\angle'                : '\U00002220',
+        '\\copyright'            : '\U000000a9',
+        '\\textregistered'       : '\U000000ae',
+        '\\textonequarter'       : '\U000000bc',
+        '\\textonehalf'          : '\U000000bd',
+        '\\textthreequarters'    : '\U000000be',
+        '\\textordfeminine'      : '\U000000aa',
+        '\\textordmasculine'     : '\U000000ba',
+        '\\euro'                 : '\U000020ac',
+        '\\pounds'               : '\U000000a3',
+        '\\yen'                  : '\U000000a5',
+        '\\textcent'             : '\U000000a2',
+        '\\textcurrency'         : '\U000000a4',
+        '\\textdegree'           : '\U000000b0',
+    }
+
+    isabelle_symbols = {
+        '\\<zero>'                 : '\U0001d7ec',
+        '\\<one>'                  : '\U0001d7ed',
+        '\\<two>'                  : '\U0001d7ee',
+        '\\<three>'                : '\U0001d7ef',
+        '\\<four>'                 : '\U0001d7f0',
+        '\\<five>'                 : '\U0001d7f1',
+        '\\<six>'                  : '\U0001d7f2',
+        '\\<seven>'                : '\U0001d7f3',
+        '\\<eight>'                : '\U0001d7f4',
+        '\\<nine>'                 : '\U0001d7f5',
+        '\\<A>'                    : '\U0001d49c',
+        '\\<B>'                    : '\U0000212c',
+        '\\<C>'                    : '\U0001d49e',
+        '\\<D>'                    : '\U0001d49f',
+        '\\<E>'                    : '\U00002130',
+        '\\<F>'                    : '\U00002131',
+        '\\<G>'                    : '\U0001d4a2',
+        '\\<H>'                    : '\U0000210b',
+        '\\<I>'                    : '\U00002110',
+        '\\<J>'                    : '\U0001d4a5',
+        '\\<K>'                    : '\U0001d4a6',
+        '\\<L>'                    : '\U00002112',
+        '\\<M>'                    : '\U00002133',
+        '\\<N>'                    : '\U0001d4a9',
+        '\\<O>'                    : '\U0001d4aa',
+        '\\<P>'                    : '\U0001d4ab',
+        '\\<Q>'                    : '\U0001d4ac',
+        '\\<R>'                    : '\U0000211b',
+        '\\<S>'                    : '\U0001d4ae',
+        '\\<T>'                    : '\U0001d4af',
+        '\\<U>'                    : '\U0001d4b0',
+        '\\<V>'                    : '\U0001d4b1',
+        '\\<W>'                    : '\U0001d4b2',
+        '\\<X>'                    : '\U0001d4b3',
+        '\\<Y>'                    : '\U0001d4b4',
+        '\\<Z>'                    : '\U0001d4b5',
+        '\\<a>'                    : '\U0001d5ba',
+        '\\<b>'                    : '\U0001d5bb',
+        '\\<c>'                    : '\U0001d5bc',
+        '\\<d>'                    : '\U0001d5bd',
+        '\\<e>'                    : '\U0001d5be',
+        '\\<f>'                    : '\U0001d5bf',
+        '\\<g>'                    : '\U0001d5c0',
+        '\\<h>'                    : '\U0001d5c1',
+        '\\<i>'                    : '\U0001d5c2',
+        '\\<j>'                    : '\U0001d5c3',
+        '\\<k>'                    : '\U0001d5c4',
+        '\\<l>'                    : '\U0001d5c5',
+        '\\<m>'                    : '\U0001d5c6',
+        '\\<n>'                    : '\U0001d5c7',
+        '\\<o>'                    : '\U0001d5c8',
+        '\\<p>'                    : '\U0001d5c9',
+        '\\<q>'                    : '\U0001d5ca',
+        '\\<r>'                    : '\U0001d5cb',
+        '\\<s>'                    : '\U0001d5cc',
+        '\\<t>'                    : '\U0001d5cd',
+        '\\<u>'                    : '\U0001d5ce',
+        '\\<v>'                    : '\U0001d5cf',
+        '\\<w>'                    : '\U0001d5d0',
+        '\\<x>'                    : '\U0001d5d1',
+        '\\<y>'                    : '\U0001d5d2',
+        '\\<z>'                    : '\U0001d5d3',
+        '\\<AA>'                   : '\U0001d504',
+        '\\<BB>'                   : '\U0001d505',
+        '\\<CC>'                   : '\U0000212d',
+        '\\<DD>'                   : '\U0001d507',
+        '\\<EE>'                   : '\U0001d508',
+        '\\<FF>'                   : '\U0001d509',
+        '\\<GG>'                   : '\U0001d50a',
+        '\\<HH>'                   : '\U0000210c',
+        '\\<II>'                   : '\U00002111',
+        '\\<JJ>'                   : '\U0001d50d',
+        '\\<KK>'                   : '\U0001d50e',
+        '\\<LL>'                   : '\U0001d50f',
+        '\\<MM>'                   : '\U0001d510',
+        '\\<NN>'                   : '\U0001d511',
+        '\\<OO>'                   : '\U0001d512',
+        '\\<PP>'                   : '\U0001d513',
+        '\\<QQ>'                   : '\U0001d514',
+        '\\<RR>'                   : '\U0000211c',
+        '\\<SS>'                   : '\U0001d516',
+        '\\<TT>'                   : '\U0001d517',
+        '\\<UU>'                   : '\U0001d518',
+        '\\<VV>'                   : '\U0001d519',
+        '\\<WW>'                   : '\U0001d51a',
+        '\\<XX>'                   : '\U0001d51b',
+        '\\<YY>'                   : '\U0001d51c',
+        '\\<ZZ>'                   : '\U00002128',
+        '\\<aa>'                   : '\U0001d51e',
+        '\\<bb>'                   : '\U0001d51f',
+        '\\<cc>'                   : '\U0001d520',
+        '\\<dd>'                   : '\U0001d521',
+        '\\<ee>'                   : '\U0001d522',
+        '\\<ff>'                   : '\U0001d523',
+        '\\<gg>'                   : '\U0001d524',
+        '\\<hh>'                   : '\U0001d525',
+        '\\<ii>'                   : '\U0001d526',
+        '\\<jj>'                   : '\U0001d527',
+        '\\<kk>'                   : '\U0001d528',
+        '\\<ll>'                   : '\U0001d529',
+        '\\<mm>'                   : '\U0001d52a',
+        '\\<nn>'                   : '\U0001d52b',
+        '\\<oo>'                   : '\U0001d52c',
+        '\\<pp>'                   : '\U0001d52d',
+        '\\<qq>'                   : '\U0001d52e',
+        '\\<rr>'                   : '\U0001d52f',
+        '\\<ss>'                   : '\U0001d530',
+        '\\<tt>'                   : '\U0001d531',
+        '\\<uu>'                   : '\U0001d532',
+        '\\<vv>'                   : '\U0001d533',
+        '\\<ww>'                   : '\U0001d534',
+        '\\<xx>'                   : '\U0001d535',
+        '\\<yy>'                   : '\U0001d536',
+        '\\<zz>'                   : '\U0001d537',
+        '\\<alpha>'                : '\U000003b1',
+        '\\<beta>'                 : '\U000003b2',
+        '\\<gamma>'                : '\U000003b3',
+        '\\<delta>'                : '\U000003b4',
+        '\\<epsilon>'              : '\U000003b5',
+        '\\<zeta>'                 : '\U000003b6',
+        '\\<eta>'                  : '\U000003b7',
+        '\\<theta>'                : '\U000003b8',
+        '\\<iota>'                 : '\U000003b9',
+        '\\<kappa>'                : '\U000003ba',
+        '\\<lambda>'               : '\U000003bb',
+        '\\<mu>'                   : '\U000003bc',
+        '\\<nu>'                   : '\U000003bd',
+        '\\<xi>'                   : '\U000003be',
+        '\\<pi>'                   : '\U000003c0',
+        '\\<rho>'                  : '\U000003c1',
+        '\\<sigma>'                : '\U000003c3',
+        '\\<tau>'                  : '\U000003c4',
+        '\\<upsilon>'              : '\U000003c5',
+        '\\<phi>'                  : '\U000003c6',
+        '\\<chi>'                  : '\U000003c7',
+        '\\<psi>'                  : '\U000003c8',
+        '\\<omega>'                : '\U000003c9',
+        '\\<Gamma>'                : '\U00000393',
+        '\\<Delta>'                : '\U00000394',
+        '\\<Theta>'                : '\U00000398',
+        '\\<Lambda>'               : '\U0000039b',
+        '\\<Xi>'                   : '\U0000039e',
+        '\\<Pi>'                   : '\U000003a0',
+        '\\<Sigma>'                : '\U000003a3',
+        '\\<Upsilon>'              : '\U000003a5',
+        '\\<Phi>'                  : '\U000003a6',
+        '\\<Psi>'                  : '\U000003a8',
+        '\\<Omega>'                : '\U000003a9',
+        '\\<bool>'                 : '\U0001d539',
+        '\\<complex>'              : '\U00002102',
+        '\\<nat>'                  : '\U00002115',
+        '\\<rat>'                  : '\U0000211a',
+        '\\<real>'                 : '\U0000211d',
+        '\\<int>'                  : '\U00002124',
+        '\\<leftarrow>'            : '\U00002190',
+        '\\<longleftarrow>'        : '\U000027f5',
+        '\\<rightarrow>'           : '\U00002192',
+        '\\<longrightarrow>'       : '\U000027f6',
+        '\\<Leftarrow>'            : '\U000021d0',
+        '\\<Longleftarrow>'        : '\U000027f8',
+        '\\<Rightarrow>'           : '\U000021d2',
+        '\\<Longrightarrow>'       : '\U000027f9',
+        '\\<leftrightarrow>'       : '\U00002194',
+        '\\<longleftrightarrow>'   : '\U000027f7',
+        '\\<Leftrightarrow>'       : '\U000021d4',
+        '\\<Longleftrightarrow>'   : '\U000027fa',
+        '\\<mapsto>'               : '\U000021a6',
+        '\\<longmapsto>'           : '\U000027fc',
+        '\\<midarrow>'             : '\U00002500',
+        '\\<Midarrow>'             : '\U00002550',
+        '\\<hookleftarrow>'        : '\U000021a9',
+        '\\<hookrightarrow>'       : '\U000021aa',
+        '\\<leftharpoondown>'      : '\U000021bd',
+        '\\<rightharpoondown>'     : '\U000021c1',
+        '\\<leftharpoonup>'        : '\U000021bc',
+        '\\<rightharpoonup>'       : '\U000021c0',
+        '\\<rightleftharpoons>'    : '\U000021cc',
+        '\\<leadsto>'              : '\U0000219d',
+        '\\<downharpoonleft>'      : '\U000021c3',
+        '\\<downharpoonright>'     : '\U000021c2',
+        '\\<upharpoonleft>'        : '\U000021bf',
+        '\\<upharpoonright>'       : '\U000021be',
+        '\\<restriction>'          : '\U000021be',
+        '\\<Colon>'                : '\U00002237',
+        '\\<up>'                   : '\U00002191',
+        '\\<Up>'                   : '\U000021d1',
+        '\\<down>'                 : '\U00002193',
+        '\\<Down>'                 : '\U000021d3',
+        '\\<updown>'               : '\U00002195',
+        '\\<Updown>'               : '\U000021d5',
+        '\\<langle>'               : '\U000027e8',
+        '\\<rangle>'               : '\U000027e9',
+        '\\<lceil>'                : '\U00002308',
+        '\\<rceil>'                : '\U00002309',
+        '\\<lfloor>'               : '\U0000230a',
+        '\\<rfloor>'               : '\U0000230b',
+        '\\<lparr>'                : '\U00002987',
+        '\\<rparr>'                : '\U00002988',
+        '\\<lbrakk>'               : '\U000027e6',
+        '\\<rbrakk>'               : '\U000027e7',
+        '\\<lbrace>'               : '\U00002983',
+        '\\<rbrace>'               : '\U00002984',
+        '\\<guillemotleft>'        : '\U000000ab',
+        '\\<guillemotright>'       : '\U000000bb',
+        '\\<bottom>'               : '\U000022a5',
+        '\\<top>'                  : '\U000022a4',
+        '\\<and>'                  : '\U00002227',
+        '\\<And>'                  : '\U000022c0',
+        '\\<or>'                   : '\U00002228',
+        '\\<Or>'                   : '\U000022c1',
+        '\\<forall>'               : '\U00002200',
+        '\\<exists>'               : '\U00002203',
+        '\\<nexists>'              : '\U00002204',
+        '\\<not>'                  : '\U000000ac',
+        '\\<box>'                  : '\U000025a1',
+        '\\<diamond>'              : '\U000025c7',
+        '\\<turnstile>'            : '\U000022a2',
+        '\\<Turnstile>'            : '\U000022a8',
+        '\\<tturnstile>'           : '\U000022a9',
+        '\\<TTurnstile>'           : '\U000022ab',
+        '\\<stileturn>'            : '\U000022a3',
+        '\\<surd>'                 : '\U0000221a',
+        '\\<le>'                   : '\U00002264',
+        '\\<ge>'                   : '\U00002265',
+        '\\<lless>'                : '\U0000226a',
+        '\\<ggreater>'             : '\U0000226b',
+        '\\<lesssim>'              : '\U00002272',
+        '\\<greatersim>'           : '\U00002273',
+        '\\<lessapprox>'           : '\U00002a85',
+        '\\<greaterapprox>'        : '\U00002a86',
+        '\\<in>'                   : '\U00002208',
+        '\\<notin>'                : '\U00002209',
+        '\\<subset>'               : '\U00002282',
+        '\\<supset>'               : '\U00002283',
+        '\\<subseteq>'             : '\U00002286',
+        '\\<supseteq>'             : '\U00002287',
+        '\\<sqsubset>'             : '\U0000228f',
+        '\\<sqsupset>'             : '\U00002290',
+        '\\<sqsubseteq>'           : '\U00002291',
+        '\\<sqsupseteq>'           : '\U00002292',
+        '\\<inter>'                : '\U00002229',
+        '\\<Inter>'                : '\U000022c2',
+        '\\<union>'                : '\U0000222a',
+        '\\<Union>'                : '\U000022c3',
+        '\\<squnion>'              : '\U00002294',
+        '\\<Squnion>'              : '\U00002a06',
+        '\\<sqinter>'              : '\U00002293',
+        '\\<Sqinter>'              : '\U00002a05',
+        '\\<setminus>'             : '\U00002216',
+        '\\<propto>'               : '\U0000221d',
+        '\\<uplus>'                : '\U0000228e',
+        '\\<Uplus>'                : '\U00002a04',
+        '\\<noteq>'                : '\U00002260',
+        '\\<sim>'                  : '\U0000223c',
+        '\\<doteq>'                : '\U00002250',
+        '\\<simeq>'                : '\U00002243',
+        '\\<approx>'               : '\U00002248',
+        '\\<asymp>'                : '\U0000224d',
+        '\\<cong>'                 : '\U00002245',
+        '\\<smile>'                : '\U00002323',
+        '\\<equiv>'                : '\U00002261',
+        '\\<frown>'                : '\U00002322',
+        '\\<Join>'                 : '\U000022c8',
+        '\\<bowtie>'               : '\U00002a1d',
+        '\\<prec>'                 : '\U0000227a',
+        '\\<succ>'                 : '\U0000227b',
+        '\\<preceq>'               : '\U0000227c',
+        '\\<succeq>'               : '\U0000227d',
+        '\\<parallel>'             : '\U00002225',
+        '\\<bar>'                  : '\U000000a6',
+        '\\<plusminus>'            : '\U000000b1',
+        '\\<minusplus>'            : '\U00002213',
+        '\\<times>'                : '\U000000d7',
+        '\\<div>'                  : '\U000000f7',
+        '\\<cdot>'                 : '\U000022c5',
+        '\\<star>'                 : '\U000022c6',
+        '\\<bullet>'               : '\U00002219',
+        '\\<circ>'                 : '\U00002218',
+        '\\<dagger>'               : '\U00002020',
+        '\\<ddagger>'              : '\U00002021',
+        '\\<lhd>'                  : '\U000022b2',
+        '\\<rhd>'                  : '\U000022b3',
+        '\\<unlhd>'                : '\U000022b4',
+        '\\<unrhd>'                : '\U000022b5',
+        '\\<triangleleft>'         : '\U000025c3',
+        '\\<triangleright>'        : '\U000025b9',
+        '\\<triangle>'             : '\U000025b3',
+        '\\<triangleq>'            : '\U0000225c',
+        '\\<oplus>'                : '\U00002295',
+        '\\<Oplus>'                : '\U00002a01',
+        '\\<otimes>'               : '\U00002297',
+        '\\<Otimes>'               : '\U00002a02',
+        '\\<odot>'                 : '\U00002299',
+        '\\<Odot>'                 : '\U00002a00',
+        '\\<ominus>'               : '\U00002296',
+        '\\<oslash>'               : '\U00002298',
+        '\\<dots>'                 : '\U00002026',
+        '\\<cdots>'                : '\U000022ef',
+        '\\<Sum>'                  : '\U00002211',
+        '\\<Prod>'                 : '\U0000220f',
+        '\\<Coprod>'               : '\U00002210',
+        '\\<infinity>'             : '\U0000221e',
+        '\\<integral>'             : '\U0000222b',
+        '\\<ointegral>'            : '\U0000222e',
+        '\\<clubsuit>'             : '\U00002663',
+        '\\<diamondsuit>'          : '\U00002662',
+        '\\<heartsuit>'            : '\U00002661',
+        '\\<spadesuit>'            : '\U00002660',
+        '\\<aleph>'                : '\U00002135',
+        '\\<emptyset>'             : '\U00002205',
+        '\\<nabla>'                : '\U00002207',
+        '\\<partial>'              : '\U00002202',
+        '\\<flat>'                 : '\U0000266d',
+        '\\<natural>'              : '\U0000266e',
+        '\\<sharp>'                : '\U0000266f',
+        '\\<angle>'                : '\U00002220',
+        '\\<copyright>'            : '\U000000a9',
+        '\\<registered>'           : '\U000000ae',
+        '\\<hyphen>'               : '\U000000ad',
+        '\\<inverse>'              : '\U000000af',
+        '\\<onequarter>'           : '\U000000bc',
+        '\\<onehalf>'              : '\U000000bd',
+        '\\<threequarters>'        : '\U000000be',
+        '\\<ordfeminine>'          : '\U000000aa',
+        '\\<ordmasculine>'         : '\U000000ba',
+        '\\<section>'              : '\U000000a7',
+        '\\<paragraph>'            : '\U000000b6',
+        '\\<exclamdown>'           : '\U000000a1',
+        '\\<questiondown>'         : '\U000000bf',
+        '\\<euro>'                 : '\U000020ac',
+        '\\<pounds>'               : '\U000000a3',
+        '\\<yen>'                  : '\U000000a5',
+        '\\<cent>'                 : '\U000000a2',
+        '\\<currency>'             : '\U000000a4',
+        '\\<degree>'               : '\U000000b0',
+        '\\<amalg>'                : '\U00002a3f',
+        '\\<mho>'                  : '\U00002127',
+        '\\<lozenge>'              : '\U000025ca',
+        '\\<wp>'                   : '\U00002118',
+        '\\<wrong>'                : '\U00002240',
+        '\\<struct>'               : '\U000022c4',
+        '\\<acute>'                : '\U000000b4',
+        '\\<index>'                : '\U00000131',
+        '\\<dieresis>'             : '\U000000a8',
+        '\\<cedilla>'              : '\U000000b8',
+        '\\<hungarumlaut>'         : '\U000002dd',
+        '\\<some>'                 : '\U000003f5',
+        '\\<newline>'              : '\U000023ce',
+        '\\<open>'                 : '\U00002039',
+        '\\<close>'                : '\U0000203a',
+        '\\<here>'                 : '\U00002302',
+        '\\<^sub>'                 : '\U000021e9',
+        '\\<^sup>'                 : '\U000021e7',
+        '\\<^bold>'                : '\U00002759',
+        '\\<^bsub>'                : '\U000021d8',
+        '\\<^esub>'                : '\U000021d9',
+        '\\<^bsup>'                : '\U000021d7',
+        '\\<^esup>'                : '\U000021d6',
+    }
+
+    lang_map = {'isabelle' : isabelle_symbols, 'latex' : latex_symbols}
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        lang = get_choice_opt(options, 'lang',
+                              ['isabelle', 'latex'], 'isabelle')
+        self.symbols = self.lang_map[lang]
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if value in self.symbols:
+                yield ttype, self.symbols[value]
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class KeywordCaseFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert keywords to lowercase or uppercase or capitalize them, which
+    means first letter uppercase, rest lowercase.
+
+    This can be useful e.g. if you highlight Pascal code and want to adapt the
+    code to your styleguide.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `case` : string
+       The casing to convert keywords to. Must be one of ``'lower'``,
+       ``'upper'`` or ``'capitalize'``.  The default is ``'lower'``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        case = get_choice_opt(options, 'case',
+                              ['lower', 'upper', 'capitalize'], 'lower')
+        self.convert = getattr(str, case)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in Keyword:
+                yield ttype, self.convert(value)
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class NameHighlightFilter(Filter):
+    """Highlight a normal Name (and Name.*) token with a different token type.
+
+    Example::
+
+        filter = NameHighlightFilter(
+            names=['foo', 'bar', 'baz'],
+            tokentype=Name.Function,
+        )
+
+    This would highlight the names "foo", "bar" and "baz"
+    as functions. `Name.Function` is the default token type.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `names` : list of strings
+      A list of names that should be given the different token type.
+      There is no default.
+    `tokentype` : TokenType or string
+      A token type or a string containing a token type name that is
+      used for highlighting the strings in `names`.  The default is
+      `Name.Function`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.names = set(get_list_opt(options, 'names', []))
+        tokentype = options.get('tokentype')
+        if tokentype:
+            self.tokentype = string_to_tokentype(tokentype)
+        else:
+            self.tokentype = Name.Function
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype in Name and value in self.names:
+                yield self.tokentype, value
+            else:
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class ErrorToken(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class RaiseOnErrorTokenFilter(Filter):
+    """Raise an exception when the lexer generates an error token.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `excclass` : Exception class
+      The exception class to raise.
+      The default is `pygments.filters.ErrorToken`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.exception = options.get('excclass', ErrorToken)
+        try:
+            # issubclass() will raise TypeError if first argument is not a class
+            if not issubclass(self.exception, Exception):
+                raise TypeError
+        except TypeError:
+            raise OptionError('excclass option is not an exception class')
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype is Error:
+                raise self.exception(value)
+            yield ttype, value
+
+
+class VisibleWhitespaceFilter(Filter):
+    """Convert tabs, newlines and/or spaces to visible characters.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `spaces` : string or bool
+      If this is a one-character string, spaces will be replaces by this string.
+      If it is another true value, spaces will be replaced by ``·`` (unicode
+      MIDDLE DOT).  If it is a false value, spaces will not be replaced.  The
+      default is ``False``.
+    `tabs` : string or bool
+      The same as for `spaces`, but the default replacement character is ``»``
+      (unicode RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK).  The default value
+      is ``False``.  Note: this will not work if the `tabsize` option for the
+      lexer is nonzero, as tabs will already have been expanded then.
+    `tabsize` : int
+      If tabs are to be replaced by this filter (see the `tabs` option), this
+      is the total number of characters that a tab should be expanded to.
+      The default is ``8``.
+    `newlines` : string or bool
+      The same as for `spaces`, but the default replacement character is ``¶``
+      (unicode PILCROW SIGN).  The default value is ``False``.
+    `wstokentype` : bool
+      If true, give whitespace the special `Whitespace` token type.  This allows
+      styling the visible whitespace differently (e.g. greyed out), but it can
+      disrupt background colors.  The default is ``True``.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.8
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        for name, default in [('spaces',   '·'),
+                              ('tabs',     '»'),
+                              ('newlines', '¶')]:
+            opt = options.get(name, False)
+            if isinstance(opt, str) and len(opt) == 1:
+                setattr(self, name, opt)
+            else:
+                setattr(self, name, (opt and default or ''))
+        tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 8)
+        if self.tabs:
+            self.tabs += ' ' * (tabsize - 1)
+        if self.newlines:
+            self.newlines += '\n'
+        self.wstt = get_bool_opt(options, 'wstokentype', True)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        if self.wstt:
+            spaces = self.spaces or ' '
+            tabs = self.tabs or '\t'
+            newlines = self.newlines or '\n'
+            regex = re.compile(r'\s')
+
+            def replacefunc(wschar):
+                if wschar == ' ':
+                    return spaces
+                elif wschar == '\t':
+                    return tabs
+                elif wschar == '\n':
+                    return newlines
+                return wschar
+
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                yield from _replace_special(ttype, value, regex, Whitespace,
+                                            replacefunc)
+        else:
+            spaces, tabs, newlines = self.spaces, self.tabs, self.newlines
+            # simpler processing
+            for ttype, value in stream:
+                if spaces:
+                    value = value.replace(' ', spaces)
+                if tabs:
+                    value = value.replace('\t', tabs)
+                if newlines:
+                    value = value.replace('\n', newlines)
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class GobbleFilter(Filter):
+    """Gobbles source code lines (eats initial characters).
+
+    This filter drops the first ``n`` characters off every line of code.  This
+    may be useful when the source code fed to the lexer is indented by a fixed
+    amount of space that isn't desired in the output.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `n` : int
+       The number of characters to gobble.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.n = get_int_opt(options, 'n', 0)
+
+    def gobble(self, value, left):
+        if left < len(value):
+            return value[left:], 0
+        else:
+            return '', left - len(value)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        n = self.n
+        left = n  # How many characters left to gobble.
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            # Remove ``left`` tokens from first line, ``n`` from all others.
+            parts = value.split('\n')
+            (parts[0], left) = self.gobble(parts[0], left)
+            for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+                (parts[i], left) = self.gobble(parts[i], n)
+            value = '\n'.join(parts)
+
+            if value != '':
+                yield ttype, value
+
+
+class TokenMergeFilter(Filter):
+    """Merges consecutive tokens with the same token type in the output
+    stream of a lexer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.2
+    """
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Filter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def filter(self, lexer, stream):
+        current_type = None
+        current_value = None
+        for ttype, value in stream:
+            if ttype is current_type:
+                current_value += value
+            else:
+                if current_type is not None:
+                    yield current_type, current_value
+                current_type = ttype
+                current_value = value
+        if current_type is not None:
+            yield current_type, current_value
+
+
+FILTERS = {
+    'codetagify':     CodeTagFilter,
+    'keywordcase':    KeywordCaseFilter,
+    'highlight':      NameHighlightFilter,
+    'raiseonerror':   RaiseOnErrorTokenFilter,
+    'whitespace':     VisibleWhitespaceFilter,
+    'gobble':         GobbleFilter,
+    'tokenmerge':     TokenMergeFilter,
+    'symbols':        SymbolFilter,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0e48bc
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/filters/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ca4892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatter
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Base formatter class.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
+
+__all__ = ['Formatter']
+
+
+def _lookup_style(style):
+    if isinstance(style, str):
+        return get_style_by_name(style)
+    return style
+
+
+class Formatter:
+    """
+    Converts a token stream to text.
+
+    Formatters should have attributes to help selecting them. These
+    are similar to the corresponding :class:`~pygments.lexer.Lexer`
+    attributes.
+
+    .. autoattribute:: name
+       :no-value:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: aliases
+       :no-value:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: filenames
+       :no-value:
+
+    You can pass options as keyword arguments to the constructor.
+    All formatters accept these basic options:
+
+    ``style``
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass
+        (default: "default"). Not used by e.g. the
+        TerminalFormatter.
+    ``full``
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e.
+        a complete self-contained document. This doesn't have
+        any effect for some formatters (default: false).
+    ``title``
+        If ``full`` is true, the title that should be used to
+        caption the document (default: '').
+    ``encoding``
+        If given, must be an encoding name. This will be used to
+        convert the Unicode token strings to byte strings in the
+        output. If it is "" or None, Unicode strings will be written
+        to the output file, which most file-like objects do not
+        support (default: None).
+    ``outencoding``
+        Overrides ``encoding`` if given.
+
+    """
+
+    #: Full name for the formatter, in human-readable form.
+    name = None
+
+    #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to lookup
+    #: the formatter from a list, e.g. using :func:`.get_formatter_by_name()`.
+    aliases = []
+
+    #: A list of fnmatch patterns that match filenames for which this
+    #: formatter can produce output. The patterns in this list should be unique
+    #: among all formatters.
+    filenames = []
+
+    #: If True, this formatter outputs Unicode strings when no encoding
+    #: option is given.
+    unicodeoutput = True
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        As with lexers, this constructor takes arbitrary optional arguments,
+        and if you override it, you should first process your own options, then
+        call the base class implementation.
+        """
+        self.style = _lookup_style(options.get('style', 'default'))
+        self.full = get_bool_opt(options, 'full', False)
+        self.title = options.get('title', '')
+        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', None) or None
+        if self.encoding in ('guess', 'chardet'):
+            # can happen for e.g. pygmentize -O encoding=guess
+            self.encoding = 'utf-8'
+        self.encoding = options.get('outencoding') or self.encoding
+        self.options = options
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        """
+        This method must return statements or declarations suitable to define
+        the current style for subsequent highlighted text (e.g. CSS classes
+        in the `HTMLFormatter`).
+
+        The optional argument `arg` can be used to modify the generation and
+        is formatter dependent (it is standardized because it can be given on
+        the command line).
+
+        This method is called by the ``-S`` :doc:`command-line option <cmdline>`,
+        the `arg` is then given by the ``-a`` option.
+        """
+        return ''
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        This method must format the tokens from the `tokensource` iterable and
+        write the formatted version to the file object `outfile`.
+
+        Formatter options can control how exactly the tokens are converted.
+        """
+        if self.encoding:
+            # wrap the outfile in a StreamWriter
+            outfile = codecs.lookup(self.encoding)[3](outfile)
+        return self.format_unencoded(tokensource, outfile)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39db842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments formatters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import fnmatch
+from os.path import basename
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters._mapping import FORMATTERS
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_formatters
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+__all__ = ['get_formatter_by_name', 'get_formatter_for_filename',
+           'get_all_formatters', 'load_formatter_from_file'] + list(FORMATTERS)
+
+_formatter_cache = {}  # classes by name
+_pattern_cache = {}
+
+
+def _fn_matches(fn, glob):
+    """Return whether the supplied file name fn matches pattern filename."""
+    if glob not in _pattern_cache:
+        pattern = _pattern_cache[glob] = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(glob))
+        return pattern.match(fn)
+    return _pattern_cache[glob].match(fn)
+
+
+def _load_formatters(module_name):
+    """Load a formatter (and all others in the module too)."""
+    mod = __import__(module_name, None, None, ['__all__'])
+    for formatter_name in mod.__all__:
+        cls = getattr(mod, formatter_name)
+        _formatter_cache[cls.name] = cls
+
+
+def get_all_formatters():
+    """Return a generator for all formatter classes."""
+    # NB: this returns formatter classes, not info like get_all_lexers().
+    for info in FORMATTERS.values():
+        if info[1] not in _formatter_cache:
+            _load_formatters(info[0])
+        yield _formatter_cache[info[1]]
+    for _, formatter in find_plugin_formatters():
+        yield formatter
+
+
+def find_formatter_class(alias):
+    """Lookup a formatter by alias.
+
+    Returns None if not found.
+    """
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in FORMATTERS.values():
+        if alias in aliases:
+            if name not in _formatter_cache:
+                _load_formatters(module_name)
+            return _formatter_cache[name]
+    for _, cls in find_plugin_formatters():
+        if alias in cls.aliases:
+            return cls
+
+
+def get_formatter_by_name(_alias, **options):
+    """
+    Return an instance of a :class:`.Formatter` subclass that has `alias` in its
+    aliases list. The formatter is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no formatter with that
+    alias is found.
+    """
+    cls = find_formatter_class(_alias)
+    if cls is None:
+        raise ClassNotFound("no formatter found for name %r" % _alias)
+    return cls(**options)
+
+
+def load_formatter_from_file(filename, formattername="CustomFormatter", **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Formatter` subclass instance loaded from the provided file, relative
+    to the current directory.
+
+    The file is expected to contain a Formatter class named ``formattername``
+    (by default, CustomFormatter). Users should be very careful with the input, because
+    this method is equivalent to running ``eval()`` on the input file. The formatter is
+    given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if there are any errors loading
+    the formatter.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    try:
+        # This empty dict will contain the namespace for the exec'd file
+        custom_namespace = {}
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            exec(f.read(), custom_namespace)
+        # Retrieve the class `formattername` from that namespace
+        if formattername not in custom_namespace:
+            raise ClassNotFound('no valid %s class found in %s' %
+                                (formattername, filename))
+        formatter_class = custom_namespace[formattername]
+        # And finally instantiate it with the options
+        return formatter_class(**options)
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('cannot read %s: %s' % (filename, err))
+    except ClassNotFound:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('error when loading custom formatter: %s' % err)
+
+
+def get_formatter_for_filename(fn, **options):
+    """
+    Return a :class:`.Formatter` subclass instance that has a filename pattern
+    matching `fn`. The formatter is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no formatter for that filename
+    is found.
+    """
+    fn = basename(fn)
+    for modname, name, _, filenames, _ in FORMATTERS.values():
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                if name not in _formatter_cache:
+                    _load_formatters(modname)
+                return _formatter_cache[name](**options)
+    for cls in find_plugin_formatters():
+        for filename in cls.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound("no formatter found for file name %r" % fn)
+
+
+class _automodule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Automatically import formatters."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        info = FORMATTERS.get(name)
+        if info:
+            _load_formatters(info[0])
+            cls = _formatter_cache[info[1]]
+            setattr(self, name, cls)
+            return cls
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+oldmod = sys.modules[__name__]
+newmod = _automodule(__name__)
+newmod.__dict__.update(oldmod.__dict__)
+sys.modules[__name__] = newmod
+del newmod.newmod, newmod.oldmod, newmod.sys, newmod.types
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ca840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+FORMATTERS = {
+    'BBCodeFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.bbcode', 'BBCode', ('bbcode', 'bb'), (), 'Format tokens with BBcodes. These formatting codes are used by many bulletin boards, so you can highlight your sourcecode with pygments before posting it there.'),
+    'BmpImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_bmp', ('bmp', 'bitmap'), ('*.bmp',), 'Create a bitmap image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'GifImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_gif', ('gif',), ('*.gif',), 'Create a GIF image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'GroffFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.groff', 'groff', ('groff', 'troff', 'roff'), (), 'Format tokens with groff escapes to change their color and font style.'),
+    'HtmlFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.html', 'HTML', ('html',), ('*.html', '*.htm'), "Format tokens as HTML 4 ``<span>`` tags. By default, the content is enclosed in a ``<pre>`` tag, itself wrapped in a ``<div>`` tag (but see the `nowrap` option). The ``<div>``'s CSS class can be set by the `cssclass` option."),
+    'IRCFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.irc', 'IRC', ('irc', 'IRC'), (), 'Format tokens with IRC color sequences'),
+    'ImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img', ('img', 'IMG', 'png'), ('*.png',), 'Create a PNG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'JpgImageFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.img', 'img_jpg', ('jpg', 'jpeg'), ('*.jpg',), 'Create a JPEG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to generate a pixmap from the source code.'),
+    'LatexFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.latex', 'LaTeX', ('latex', 'tex'), ('*.tex',), 'Format tokens as LaTeX code. This needs the `fancyvrb` and `color` standard packages.'),
+    'NullFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Text only', ('text', 'null'), ('*.txt',), 'Output the text unchanged without any formatting.'),
+    'PangoMarkupFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.pangomarkup', 'Pango Markup', ('pango', 'pangomarkup'), (), 'Format tokens as Pango Markup code. It can then be rendered to an SVG.'),
+    'RawTokenFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Raw tokens', ('raw', 'tokens'), ('*.raw',), 'Format tokens as a raw representation for storing token streams.'),
+    'RtfFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.rtf', 'RTF', ('rtf',), ('*.rtf',), 'Format tokens as RTF markup. This formatter automatically outputs full RTF documents with color information and other useful stuff. Perfect for Copy and Paste into Microsoft(R) Word(R) documents.'),
+    'SvgFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.svg', 'SVG', ('svg',), ('*.svg',), 'Format tokens as an SVG graphics file.  This formatter is still experimental. Each line of code is a ``<text>`` element with explicit ``x`` and ``y`` coordinates containing ``<tspan>`` elements with the individual token styles.'),
+    'Terminal256Formatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal256', 'Terminal256', ('terminal256', 'console256', '256'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a 256-color terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TerminalFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal', 'Terminal', ('terminal', 'console'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a text console. Color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TerminalTrueColorFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.terminal256', 'TerminalTrueColor', ('terminal16m', 'console16m', '16m'), (), 'Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a true-color terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.'),
+    'TestcaseFormatter': ('pygments.formatters.other', 'Testcase', ('testcase',), (), 'Format tokens as appropriate for a new testcase.'),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4db8f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/bbcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.bbcode
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    BBcode formatter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt
+
+__all__ = ['BBCodeFormatter']
+
+
+class BBCodeFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with BBcodes. These formatting codes are used by many
+    bulletin boards, so you can highlight your sourcecode with pygments before
+    posting it there.
+
+    This formatter has no support for background colors and borders, as there
+    are no common BBcode tags for that.
+
+    Some board systems (e.g. phpBB) don't support colors in their [code] tag,
+    so you can't use the highlighting together with that tag.
+    Text in a [code] tag usually is shown with a monospace font (which this
+    formatter can do with the ``monofont`` option) and no spaces (which you
+    need for indentation) are removed.
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `codetag`
+        If set to true, put the output into ``[code]`` tags (default:
+        ``false``)
+
+    `monofont`
+        If set to true, add a tag to show the code with a monospace font
+        (default: ``false``).
+    """
+    name = 'BBCode'
+    aliases = ['bbcode', 'bb']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self._code = get_bool_opt(options, 'codetag', False)
+        self._mono = get_bool_opt(options, 'monofont', False)
+
+        self.styles = {}
+        self._make_styles()
+
+    def _make_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            start = end = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                start += '[color=#%s]' % ndef['color']
+                end = '[/color]' + end
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                start += '[b]'
+                end = '[/b]' + end
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                start += '[i]'
+                end = '[/i]' + end
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                start += '[u]'
+                end = '[/u]' + end
+            # there are no common BBcodes for background-color and border
+
+            self.styles[ttype] = start, end
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self._code:
+            outfile.write('[code]')
+        if self._mono:
+            outfile.write('[font=monospace]')
+
+        lastval = ''
+        lasttype = None
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            if ttype == lasttype:
+                lastval += value
+            else:
+                if lastval:
+                    start, end = self.styles[lasttype]
+                    outfile.write(''.join((start, lastval, end)))
+                lastval = value
+                lasttype = ttype
+
+        if lastval:
+            start, end = self.styles[lasttype]
+            outfile.write(''.join((start, lastval, end)))
+
+        if self._mono:
+            outfile.write('[/font]')
+        if self._code:
+            outfile.write('[/code]')
+        if self._code or self._mono:
+            outfile.write('\n')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30a528e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/groff.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.groff
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for groff output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import math
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+__all__ = ['GroffFormatter']
+
+
+class GroffFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with groff escapes to change their color and font style.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.11
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `monospaced`
+        If set to true, monospace font will be used (default: ``true``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to true, print the line numbers (default: ``false``).
+
+    `wrap`
+        Wrap lines to the specified number of characters. Disabled if set to 0
+        (default: ``0``).
+    """
+
+    name = 'groff'
+    aliases = ['groff','troff','roff']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.monospaced = get_bool_opt(options, 'monospaced', True)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+        self.wrap = get_int_opt(options, 'wrap', 0)
+        self._linelen = 0
+
+        self.styles = {}
+        self._make_styles()
+
+
+    def _make_styles(self):
+        regular = '\\f[CR]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[R]'
+        bold = '\\f[CB]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[B]'
+        italic = '\\f[CI]' if self.monospaced else '\\f[I]'
+
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            start = end = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                start += '\\m[%s]' % ndef['color']
+                end = '\\m[]' + end
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                start += bold
+                end = regular + end
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                start += italic
+                end = regular + end
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                start += '\\M[%s]' % ndef['bgcolor']
+                end = '\\M[]' + end
+
+            self.styles[ttype] = start, end
+
+
+    def _define_colors(self, outfile):
+        colors = set()
+        for _, ndef in self.style:
+            if ndef['color'] is not None:
+                colors.add(ndef['color'])
+
+        for color in sorted(colors):
+            outfile.write('.defcolor ' + color + ' rgb #' + color + '\n')
+
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s% 4d " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+
+    def _wrap_line(self, line):
+        length = len(line.rstrip('\n'))
+        space = '     ' if self.linenos else ''
+        newline = ''
+
+        if length > self.wrap:
+            for i in range(0, math.floor(length / self.wrap)):
+                chunk = line[i*self.wrap:i*self.wrap+self.wrap]
+                newline += (chunk + '\n' + space)
+            remainder = length % self.wrap
+            if remainder > 0:
+                newline += line[-remainder-1:]
+                self._linelen = remainder
+        elif self._linelen + length > self.wrap:
+            newline = ('\n' + space) + line
+            self._linelen = length
+        else:
+            newline = line
+            self._linelen += length
+
+        return newline
+
+
+    def _escape_chars(self, text):
+        text = text.replace('\\', '\\[u005C]'). \
+                    replace('.', '\\[char46]'). \
+                    replace('\'', '\\[u0027]'). \
+                    replace('`', '\\[u0060]'). \
+                    replace('~', '\\[u007E]')
+        copy = text
+
+        for char in copy:
+            if len(char) != len(char.encode()):
+                uni = char.encode('unicode_escape') \
+                    .decode()[1:] \
+                    .replace('x', 'u00') \
+                    .upper()
+                text = text.replace(char, '\\[u' + uni[1:] + ']')
+
+        return text
+
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        self._define_colors(outfile)
+
+        outfile.write('.nf\n\\f[CR]\n')
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            start, end = self.styles[ttype]
+
+            for line in value.splitlines(True):
+                if self.wrap > 0:
+                    line = self._wrap_line(line)
+
+                if start and end:
+                    text = self._escape_chars(line.rstrip('\n'))
+                    if text != '':
+                        outfile.write(''.join((start, text, end)))
+                else:
+                    outfile.write(self._escape_chars(line.rstrip('\n')))
+
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    if self.linenos:
+                        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                        self._linelen = 0
+                    else:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+                        self._linelen = 0
+
+        outfile.write('\n.fi')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..931d7c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,989 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.html
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for HTML output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import functools
+import os
+import sys
+import os.path
+from io import StringIO
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, Text, STANDARD_TYPES
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt
+
+try:
+    import ctags
+except ImportError:
+    ctags = None
+
+__all__ = ['HtmlFormatter']
+
+
+_escape_html_table = {
+    ord('&'): '&amp;',
+    ord('<'): '&lt;',
+    ord('>'): '&gt;',
+    ord('"'): '&quot;',
+    ord("'"): '&#39;',
+}
+
+
+def escape_html(text, table=_escape_html_table):
+    """Escape &, <, > as well as single and double quotes for HTML."""
+    return text.translate(table)
+
+
+def webify(color):
+    if color.startswith('calc') or color.startswith('var'):
+        return color
+    else:
+        return '#' + color
+
+
+def _get_ttype_class(ttype):
+    fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    if fname:
+        return fname
+    aname = ''
+    while fname is None:
+        aname = '-' + ttype[-1] + aname
+        ttype = ttype.parent
+        fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    return fname + aname
+
+
+CSSFILE_TEMPLATE = '''\
+/*
+generated by Pygments <https://pygments.org/>
+Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team.
+Licensed under the BSD license, see LICENSE for details.
+*/
+%(styledefs)s
+'''
+
+DOC_HEADER = '''\
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<!--
+generated by Pygments <https://pygments.org/>
+Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team.
+Licensed under the BSD license, see LICENSE for details.
+-->
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>%(title)s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=%(encoding)s">
+  <style type="text/css">
+''' + CSSFILE_TEMPLATE + '''
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>%(title)s</h2>
+
+'''
+
+DOC_HEADER_EXTERNALCSS = '''\
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <title>%(title)s</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=%(encoding)s">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="%(cssfile)s" type="text/css">
+</head>
+<body>
+<h2>%(title)s</h2>
+
+'''
+
+DOC_FOOTER = '''\
+</body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+class HtmlFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as HTML 4 ``<span>`` tags. By default, the content is enclosed
+    in a ``<pre>`` tag, itself wrapped in a ``<div>`` tag (but see the `nowrap` option).
+    The ``<div>``'s CSS class can be set by the `cssclass` option.
+
+    If the `linenos` option is set to ``"table"``, the ``<pre>`` is
+    additionally wrapped inside a ``<table>`` which has one row and two
+    cells: one containing the line numbers and one containing the code.
+    Example:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: html
+
+        <div class="highlight" >
+        <table><tr>
+          <td class="linenos" title="click to toggle"
+            onclick="with (this.firstChild.style)
+                     { display = (display == '') ? 'none' : '' }">
+            <pre>1
+            2</pre>
+          </td>
+          <td class="code">
+            <pre><span class="Ke">def </span><span class="NaFu">foo</span>(bar):
+              <span class="Ke">pass</span>
+            </pre>
+          </td>
+        </tr></table></div>
+
+    (whitespace added to improve clarity).
+
+    A list of lines can be specified using the `hl_lines` option to make these
+    lines highlighted (as of Pygments 0.11).
+
+    With the `full` option, a complete HTML 4 document is output, including
+    the style definitions inside a ``<style>`` tag, or in a separate file if
+    the `cssfile` option is given.
+
+    When `tagsfile` is set to the path of a ctags index file, it is used to
+    generate hyperlinks from names to their definition.  You must enable
+    `lineanchors` and run ctags with the `-n` option for this to work.  The
+    `python-ctags` module from PyPI must be installed to use this feature;
+    otherwise a `RuntimeError` will be raised.
+
+    The `get_style_defs(arg='')` method of a `HtmlFormatter` returns a string
+    containing CSS rules for the CSS classes used by the formatter. The
+    argument `arg` can be used to specify additional CSS selectors that
+    are prepended to the classes. A call `fmter.get_style_defs('td .code')`
+    would result in the following CSS classes:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: css
+
+        td .code .kw { font-weight: bold; color: #00FF00 }
+        td .code .cm { color: #999999 }
+        ...
+
+    If you have Pygments 0.6 or higher, you can also pass a list or tuple to the
+    `get_style_defs()` method to request multiple prefixes for the tokens:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        formatter.get_style_defs(['div.syntax pre', 'pre.syntax'])
+
+    The output would then look like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: css
+
+        div.syntax pre .kw,
+        pre.syntax .kw { font-weight: bold; color: #00FF00 }
+        div.syntax pre .cm,
+        pre.syntax .cm { color: #999999 }
+        ...
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        If set to ``True``, don't add a ``<pre>`` and a ``<div>`` tag
+        around the tokens. This disables most other options (default: ``False``).
+
+    `full`
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e. a complete
+        self-contained document (default: ``False``).
+
+    `title`
+        If `full` is true, the title that should be used to caption the
+        document (default: ``''``).
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``). This option has no effect if the `cssfile`
+        and `noclobber_cssfile` option are given and the file specified in
+        `cssfile` exists.
+
+    `noclasses`
+        If set to true, token ``<span>`` tags (as well as line number elements)
+        will not use CSS classes, but inline styles. This is not recommended
+        for larger pieces of code since it increases output size by quite a bit
+        (default: ``False``).
+
+    `classprefix`
+        Since the token types use relatively short class names, they may clash
+        with some of your own class names. In this case you can use the
+        `classprefix` option to give a string to prepend to all Pygments-generated
+        CSS class names for token types.
+        Note that this option also affects the output of `get_style_defs()`.
+
+    `cssclass`
+        CSS class for the wrapping ``<div>`` tag (default: ``'highlight'``).
+        If you set this option, the default selector for `get_style_defs()`
+        will be this class.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+           If you select the ``'table'`` line numbers, the wrapping table will
+           have a CSS class of this string plus ``'table'``, the default is
+           accordingly ``'highlighttable'``.
+
+    `cssstyles`
+        Inline CSS styles for the wrapping ``<div>`` tag (default: ``''``).
+
+    `prestyles`
+        Inline CSS styles for the ``<pre>`` tag (default: ``''``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    `cssfile`
+        If the `full` option is true and this option is given, it must be the
+        name of an external file. If the filename does not include an absolute
+        path, the file's path will be assumed to be relative to the main output
+        file's path, if the latter can be found. The stylesheet is then written
+        to this file instead of the HTML file.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    `noclobber_cssfile`
+        If `cssfile` is given and the specified file exists, the css file will
+        not be overwritten. This allows the use of the `full` option in
+        combination with a user specified css file. Default is ``False``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.1
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to ``'table'``, output line numbers as a table with two cells,
+        one containing the line numbers, the other the whole code.  This is
+        copy-and-paste-friendly, but may cause alignment problems with some
+        browsers or fonts.  If set to ``'inline'``, the line numbers will be
+        integrated in the ``<pre>`` tag that contains the code (that setting
+        is *new in Pygments 0.8*).
+
+        For compatibility with Pygments 0.7 and earlier, every true value
+        except ``'inline'`` means the same as ``'table'`` (in particular, that
+        means also ``True``).
+
+        The default value is ``False``, which means no line numbers at all.
+
+        **Note:** with the default ("table") line number mechanism, the line
+        numbers and code can have different line heights in Internet Explorer
+        unless you give the enclosing ``<pre>`` tags an explicit ``line-height``
+        CSS property (you get the default line spacing with ``line-height:
+        125%``).
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted. The line numbers are always
+        relative to the input (i.e. the first line is line 1) and are
+        independent of `linenostart`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `linenospecial`
+        If set to a number n > 0, every nth line number is given the CSS
+        class ``"special"`` (default: ``0``).
+
+    `nobackground`
+        If set to ``True``, the formatter won't output the background color
+        for the wrapping element (this automatically defaults to ``False``
+        when there is no wrapping element [eg: no argument for the
+        `get_syntax_defs` method given]) (default: ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    `lineseparator`
+        This string is output between lines of code. It defaults to ``"\n"``,
+        which is enough to break a line inside ``<pre>`` tags, but you can
+        e.g. set it to ``"<br>"`` to get HTML line breaks.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    `lineanchors`
+        If set to a nonempty string, e.g. ``foo``, the formatter will wrap each
+        output line in an anchor tag with an ``id`` (and `name`) of ``foo-linenumber``.
+        This allows easy linking to certain lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    `linespans`
+        If set to a nonempty string, e.g. ``foo``, the formatter will wrap each
+        output line in a span tag with an ``id`` of ``foo-linenumber``.
+        This allows easy access to lines via javascript.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `anchorlinenos`
+        If set to `True`, will wrap line numbers in <a> tags. Used in
+        combination with `linenos` and `lineanchors`.
+
+    `tagsfile`
+        If set to the path of a ctags file, wrap names in anchor tags that
+        link to their definitions. `lineanchors` should be used, and the
+        tags file should specify line numbers (see the `-n` option to ctags).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `tagurlformat`
+        A string formatting pattern used to generate links to ctags definitions.
+        Available variables are `%(path)s`, `%(fname)s` and `%(fext)s`.
+        Defaults to an empty string, resulting in just `#prefix-number` links.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.6
+
+    `filename`
+        A string used to generate a filename when rendering ``<pre>`` blocks,
+        for example if displaying source code. If `linenos` is set to
+        ``'table'`` then the filename will be rendered in an initial row
+        containing a single `<th>` which spans both columns.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    `wrapcode`
+        Wrap the code inside ``<pre>`` blocks using ``<code>``, as recommended
+        by the HTML5 specification.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.4
+
+    `debug_token_types`
+        Add ``title`` attributes to all token ``<span>`` tags that show the
+        name of the token.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.10
+
+
+    **Subclassing the HTML formatter**
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    The HTML formatter is now built in a way that allows easy subclassing, thus
+    customizing the output HTML code. The `format()` method calls
+    `self._format_lines()` which returns a generator that yields tuples of ``(1,
+    line)``, where the ``1`` indicates that the ``line`` is a line of the
+    formatted source code.
+
+    If the `nowrap` option is set, the generator is the iterated over and the
+    resulting HTML is output.
+
+    Otherwise, `format()` calls `self.wrap()`, which wraps the generator with
+    other generators. These may add some HTML code to the one generated by
+    `_format_lines()`, either by modifying the lines generated by the latter,
+    then yielding them again with ``(1, line)``, and/or by yielding other HTML
+    code before or after the lines, with ``(0, html)``. The distinction between
+    source lines and other code makes it possible to wrap the generator multiple
+    times.
+
+    The default `wrap()` implementation adds a ``<div>`` and a ``<pre>`` tag.
+
+    A custom `HtmlFormatter` subclass could look like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: python
+
+        class CodeHtmlFormatter(HtmlFormatter):
+
+            def wrap(self, source, *, include_div):
+                return self._wrap_code(source)
+
+            def _wrap_code(self, source):
+                yield 0, '<code>'
+                for i, t in source:
+                    if i == 1:
+                        # it's a line of formatted code
+                        t += '<br>'
+                    yield i, t
+                yield 0, '</code>'
+
+    This results in wrapping the formatted lines with a ``<code>`` tag, where the
+    source lines are broken using ``<br>`` tags.
+
+    After calling `wrap()`, the `format()` method also adds the "line numbers"
+    and/or "full document" wrappers if the respective options are set. Then, all
+    HTML yielded by the wrapped generator is output.
+    """
+
+    name = 'HTML'
+    aliases = ['html']
+    filenames = ['*.html', '*.htm']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.title = self._decodeifneeded(self.title)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.noclasses = get_bool_opt(options, 'noclasses', False)
+        self.classprefix = options.get('classprefix', '')
+        self.cssclass = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssclass', 'highlight'))
+        self.cssstyles = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssstyles', ''))
+        self.prestyles = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('prestyles', ''))
+        self.cssfile = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('cssfile', ''))
+        self.noclobber_cssfile = get_bool_opt(options, 'noclobber_cssfile', False)
+        self.tagsfile = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('tagsfile', ''))
+        self.tagurlformat = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('tagurlformat', ''))
+        self.filename = self._decodeifneeded(options.get('filename', ''))
+        self.wrapcode = get_bool_opt(options, 'wrapcode', False)
+        self.span_element_openers = {}
+        self.debug_token_types = get_bool_opt(options, 'debug_token_types', False)
+
+        if self.tagsfile:
+            if not ctags:
+                raise RuntimeError('The "ctags" package must to be installed '
+                                   'to be able to use the "tagsfile" feature.')
+            self._ctags = ctags.CTags(self.tagsfile)
+
+        linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        if linenos == 'inline':
+            self.linenos = 2
+        elif linenos:
+            # compatibility with <= 0.7
+            self.linenos = 1
+        else:
+            self.linenos = 0
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.linenospecial = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenospecial', 0))
+        self.nobackground = get_bool_opt(options, 'nobackground', False)
+        self.lineseparator = options.get('lineseparator', '\n')
+        self.lineanchors = options.get('lineanchors', '')
+        self.linespans = options.get('linespans', '')
+        self.anchorlinenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'anchorlinenos', False)
+        self.hl_lines = set()
+        for lineno in get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', []):
+            try:
+                self.hl_lines.add(int(lineno))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        self._create_stylesheet()
+
+    def _get_css_class(self, ttype):
+        """Return the css class of this token type prefixed with
+        the classprefix option."""
+        ttypeclass = _get_ttype_class(ttype)
+        if ttypeclass:
+            return self.classprefix + ttypeclass
+        return ''
+
+    def _get_css_classes(self, ttype):
+        """Return the CSS classes of this token type prefixed with the classprefix option."""
+        cls = self._get_css_class(ttype)
+        while ttype not in STANDARD_TYPES:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            cls = self._get_css_class(ttype) + ' ' + cls
+        return cls or ''
+
+    def _get_css_inline_styles(self, ttype):
+        """Return the inline CSS styles for this token type."""
+        cclass = self.ttype2class.get(ttype)
+        while cclass is None:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            cclass = self.ttype2class.get(ttype)
+        return cclass or ''
+
+    def _create_stylesheet(self):
+        t2c = self.ttype2class = {Token: ''}
+        c2s = self.class2style = {}
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            name = self._get_css_class(ttype)
+            style = ''
+            if ndef['color']:
+                style += 'color: %s; ' % webify(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                style += 'font-weight: bold; '
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                style += 'font-style: italic; '
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                style += 'text-decoration: underline; '
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                style += 'background-color: %s; ' % webify(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if ndef['border']:
+                style += 'border: 1px solid %s; ' % webify(ndef['border'])
+            if style:
+                t2c[ttype] = name
+                # save len(ttype) to enable ordering the styles by
+                # hierarchy (necessary for CSS cascading rules!)
+                c2s[name] = (style[:-2], ttype, len(ttype))
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        """
+        Return CSS style definitions for the classes produced by the current
+        highlighting style. ``arg`` can be a string or list of selectors to
+        insert before the token type classes.
+        """
+        style_lines = []
+
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_linenos_style_defs())
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_background_style_defs(arg))
+        style_lines.extend(self.get_token_style_defs(arg))
+
+        return '\n'.join(style_lines)
+
+    def get_token_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        prefix = self.get_css_prefix(arg)
+
+        styles = [
+            (level, ttype, cls, style)
+            for cls, (style, ttype, level) in self.class2style.items()
+            if cls and style
+        ]
+        styles.sort()
+
+        lines = [
+            '%s { %s } /* %s */' % (prefix(cls), style, repr(ttype)[6:])
+            for (level, ttype, cls, style) in styles
+        ]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_background_style_defs(self, arg=None):
+        prefix = self.get_css_prefix(arg)
+        bg_color = self.style.background_color
+        hl_color = self.style.highlight_color
+
+        lines = []
+
+        if arg and not self.nobackground and bg_color is not None:
+            text_style = ''
+            if Text in self.ttype2class:
+                text_style = ' ' + self.class2style[self.ttype2class[Text]][0]
+            lines.insert(
+                0, '%s{ background: %s;%s }' % (
+                    prefix(''), bg_color, text_style
+                )
+            )
+        if hl_color is not None:
+            lines.insert(
+                0, '%s { background-color: %s }' % (prefix('hll'), hl_color)
+            )
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_linenos_style_defs(self):
+        lines = [
+            'pre { %s }' % self._pre_style,
+            'td.linenos .normal { %s }' % self._linenos_style,
+            'span.linenos { %s }' % self._linenos_style,
+            'td.linenos .special { %s }' % self._linenos_special_style,
+            'span.linenos.special { %s }' % self._linenos_special_style,
+        ]
+
+        return lines
+
+    def get_css_prefix(self, arg):
+        if arg is None:
+            arg = ('cssclass' in self.options and '.'+self.cssclass or '')
+        if isinstance(arg, str):
+            args = [arg]
+        else:
+            args = list(arg)
+
+        def prefix(cls):
+            if cls:
+                cls = '.' + cls
+            tmp = []
+            for arg in args:
+                tmp.append((arg and arg + ' ' or '') + cls)
+            return ', '.join(tmp)
+
+        return prefix
+
+    @property
+    def _pre_style(self):
+        return 'line-height: 125%;'
+
+    @property
+    def _linenos_style(self):
+        return 'color: %s; background-color: %s; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;' % (
+            self.style.line_number_color,
+            self.style.line_number_background_color
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _linenos_special_style(self):
+        return 'color: %s; background-color: %s; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;' % (
+            self.style.line_number_special_color,
+            self.style.line_number_special_background_color
+        )
+
+    def _decodeifneeded(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            if self.encoding:
+                return value.decode(self.encoding)
+            return value.decode()
+        return value
+
+    def _wrap_full(self, inner, outfile):
+        if self.cssfile:
+            if os.path.isabs(self.cssfile):
+                # it's an absolute filename
+                cssfilename = self.cssfile
+            else:
+                try:
+                    filename = outfile.name
+                    if not filename or filename[0] == '<':
+                        # pseudo files, e.g. name == '<fdopen>'
+                        raise AttributeError
+                    cssfilename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(filename),
+                                               self.cssfile)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    print('Note: Cannot determine output file name, '
+                          'using current directory as base for the CSS file name',
+                          file=sys.stderr)
+                    cssfilename = self.cssfile
+            # write CSS file only if noclobber_cssfile isn't given as an option.
+            try:
+                if not os.path.exists(cssfilename) or not self.noclobber_cssfile:
+                    with open(cssfilename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as cf:
+                        cf.write(CSSFILE_TEMPLATE %
+                                 {'styledefs': self.get_style_defs('body')})
+            except OSError as err:
+                err.strerror = 'Error writing CSS file: ' + err.strerror
+                raise
+
+            yield 0, (DOC_HEADER_EXTERNALCSS %
+                      dict(title=self.title,
+                           cssfile=self.cssfile,
+                           encoding=self.encoding))
+        else:
+            yield 0, (DOC_HEADER %
+                      dict(title=self.title,
+                           styledefs=self.get_style_defs('body'),
+                           encoding=self.encoding))
+
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, DOC_FOOTER
+
+    def _wrap_tablelinenos(self, inner):
+        dummyoutfile = StringIO()
+        lncount = 0
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                lncount += 1
+            dummyoutfile.write(line)
+
+        fl = self.linenostart
+        mw = len(str(lncount + fl - 1))
+        sp = self.linenospecial
+        st = self.linenostep
+        anchor_name = self.lineanchors or self.linespans
+        aln = self.anchorlinenos
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+
+        lines = []
+
+        for i in range(fl, fl+lncount):
+            print_line = i % st == 0
+            special_line = sp and i % sp == 0
+
+            if print_line:
+                line = '%*d' % (mw, i)
+                if aln:
+                    line = '<a href="#%s-%d">%s</a>' % (anchor_name, i, line)
+            else:
+                line = ' ' * mw
+
+            if nocls:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_special_style
+                else:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_style
+            else:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' class="special"'
+                else:
+                    style = ' class="normal"'
+
+            if style:
+                line = '<span%s>%s</span>' % (style, line)
+
+            lines.append(line)
+
+        ls = '\n'.join(lines)
+
+        # If a filename was specified, we can't put it into the code table as it
+        # would misalign the line numbers. Hence we emit a separate row for it.
+        filename_tr = ""
+        if self.filename:
+            filename_tr = (
+                '<tr><th colspan="2" class="filename">'
+                '<span class="filename">' + self.filename + '</span>'
+                '</th></tr>')
+
+        # in case you wonder about the seemingly redundant <div> here: since the
+        # content in the other cell also is wrapped in a div, some browsers in
+        # some configurations seem to mess up the formatting...
+        yield 0, (f'<table class="{self.cssclass}table">' + filename_tr +
+            '<tr><td class="linenos"><div class="linenodiv"><pre>' +
+            ls + '</pre></div></td><td class="code">')
+        yield 0, '<div>'
+        yield 0, dummyoutfile.getvalue()
+        yield 0, '</div>'
+        yield 0, '</td></tr></table>'
+
+
+    def _wrap_inlinelinenos(self, inner):
+        # need a list of lines since we need the width of a single number :(
+        inner_lines = list(inner)
+        sp = self.linenospecial
+        st = self.linenostep
+        num = self.linenostart
+        mw = len(str(len(inner_lines) + num - 1))
+        anchor_name = self.lineanchors or self.linespans
+        aln = self.anchorlinenos
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+
+        for _, inner_line in inner_lines:
+            print_line = num % st == 0
+            special_line = sp and num % sp == 0
+
+            if print_line:
+                line = '%*d' % (mw, num)
+            else:
+                line = ' ' * mw
+
+            if nocls:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_special_style
+                else:
+                    style = ' style="%s"' % self._linenos_style
+            else:
+                if special_line:
+                    style = ' class="linenos special"'
+                else:
+                    style = ' class="linenos"'
+
+            if style:
+                linenos = '<span%s>%s</span>' % (style, line)
+            else:
+                linenos = line
+
+            if aln:
+                yield 1, ('<a href="#%s-%d">%s</a>' % (anchor_name, num, linenos) +
+                          inner_line)
+            else:
+                yield 1, linenos + inner_line
+            num += 1
+
+    def _wrap_lineanchors(self, inner):
+        s = self.lineanchors
+        # subtract 1 since we have to increment i *before* yielding
+        i = self.linenostart - 1
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                i += 1
+                href = "" if self.linenos else ' href="#%s-%d"' % (s, i)
+                yield 1, '<a id="%s-%d" name="%s-%d"%s></a>' % (s, i, s, i, href) + line
+            else:
+                yield 0, line
+
+    def _wrap_linespans(self, inner):
+        s = self.linespans
+        i = self.linenostart - 1
+        for t, line in inner:
+            if t:
+                i += 1
+                yield 1, '<span id="%s-%d">%s</span>' % (s, i, line)
+            else:
+                yield 0, line
+
+    def _wrap_div(self, inner):
+        style = []
+        if (self.noclasses and not self.nobackground and
+                self.style.background_color is not None):
+            style.append('background: %s' % (self.style.background_color,))
+        if self.cssstyles:
+            style.append(self.cssstyles)
+        style = '; '.join(style)
+
+        yield 0, ('<div' + (self.cssclass and ' class="%s"' % self.cssclass) +
+                  (style and (' style="%s"' % style)) + '>')
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</div>\n'
+
+    def _wrap_pre(self, inner):
+        style = []
+        if self.prestyles:
+            style.append(self.prestyles)
+        if self.noclasses:
+            style.append(self._pre_style)
+        style = '; '.join(style)
+
+        if self.filename and self.linenos != 1:
+            yield 0, ('<span class="filename">' + self.filename + '</span>')
+
+        # the empty span here is to keep leading empty lines from being
+        # ignored by HTML parsers
+        yield 0, ('<pre' + (style and ' style="%s"' % style) + '><span></span>')
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</pre>'
+
+    def _wrap_code(self, inner):
+        yield 0, '<code>'
+        yield from inner
+        yield 0, '</code>'
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=100)
+    def _translate_parts(self, value):
+        """HTML-escape a value and split it by newlines."""
+        return value.translate(_escape_html_table).split('\n')
+
+    def _format_lines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Just format the tokens, without any wrapping tags.
+        Yield individual lines.
+        """
+        nocls = self.noclasses
+        lsep = self.lineseparator
+        tagsfile = self.tagsfile
+
+        lspan = ''
+        line = []
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            try:
+                cspan = self.span_element_openers[ttype]
+            except KeyError:
+                title = ' title="%s"' % '.'.join(ttype) if self.debug_token_types else ''
+                if nocls:
+                    css_style = self._get_css_inline_styles(ttype)
+                    if css_style:
+                        css_style = self.class2style[css_style][0]
+                        cspan = '<span style="%s"%s>' % (css_style, title)
+                    else:
+                        cspan = ''
+                else:
+                    css_class = self._get_css_classes(ttype)
+                    if css_class:
+                        cspan = '<span class="%s"%s>' % (css_class, title)
+                    else:
+                        cspan = ''
+                self.span_element_openers[ttype] = cspan
+
+            parts = self._translate_parts(value)
+
+            if tagsfile and ttype in Token.Name:
+                filename, linenumber = self._lookup_ctag(value)
+                if linenumber:
+                    base, filename = os.path.split(filename)
+                    if base:
+                        base += '/'
+                    filename, extension = os.path.splitext(filename)
+                    url = self.tagurlformat % {'path': base, 'fname': filename,
+                                               'fext': extension}
+                    parts[0] = "<a href=\"%s#%s-%d\">%s" % \
+                        (url, self.lineanchors, linenumber, parts[0])
+                    parts[-1] = parts[-1] + "</a>"
+
+            # for all but the last line
+            for part in parts[:-1]:
+                if line:
+                    # Also check for part being non-empty, so we avoid creating
+                    # empty <span> tags
+                    if lspan != cspan and part:
+                        line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), cspan, part,
+                                     (cspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                    else:  # both are the same, or the current part was empty
+                        line.extend((part, (lspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                    yield 1, ''.join(line)
+                    line = []
+                elif part:
+                    yield 1, ''.join((cspan, part, (cspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+                else:
+                    yield 1, lsep
+            # for the last line
+            if line and parts[-1]:
+                if lspan != cspan:
+                    line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), cspan, parts[-1]))
+                    lspan = cspan
+                else:
+                    line.append(parts[-1])
+            elif parts[-1]:
+                line = [cspan, parts[-1]]
+                lspan = cspan
+            # else we neither have to open a new span nor set lspan
+
+        if line:
+            line.extend(((lspan and '</span>'), lsep))
+            yield 1, ''.join(line)
+
+    def _lookup_ctag(self, token):
+        entry = ctags.TagEntry()
+        if self._ctags.find(entry, token.encode(), 0):
+            return entry['file'], entry['lineNumber']
+        else:
+            return None, None
+
+    def _highlight_lines(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Highlighted the lines specified in the `hl_lines` option by
+        post-processing the token stream coming from `_format_lines`.
+        """
+        hls = self.hl_lines
+
+        for i, (t, value) in enumerate(tokensource):
+            if t != 1:
+                yield t, value
+            if i + 1 in hls:  # i + 1 because Python indexes start at 0
+                if self.noclasses:
+                    style = ''
+                    if self.style.highlight_color is not None:
+                        style = (' style="background-color: %s"' %
+                                 (self.style.highlight_color,))
+                    yield 1, '<span%s>%s</span>' % (style, value)
+                else:
+                    yield 1, '<span class="hll">%s</span>' % value
+            else:
+                yield 1, value
+
+    def wrap(self, source):
+        """
+        Wrap the ``source``, which is a generator yielding
+        individual lines, in custom generators. See docstring
+        for `format`. Can be overridden.
+        """
+
+        output = source
+        if self.wrapcode:
+            output = self._wrap_code(output)
+
+        output = self._wrap_pre(output)
+
+        return output
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        The formatting process uses several nested generators; which of
+        them are used is determined by the user's options.
+
+        Each generator should take at least one argument, ``inner``,
+        and wrap the pieces of text generated by this.
+
+        Always yield 2-tuples: (code, text). If "code" is 1, the text
+        is part of the original tokensource being highlighted, if it's
+        0, the text is some piece of wrapping. This makes it possible to
+        use several different wrappers that process the original source
+        linewise, e.g. line number generators.
+        """
+        source = self._format_lines(tokensource)
+
+        # As a special case, we wrap line numbers before line highlighting
+        # so the line numbers get wrapped in the highlighting tag.
+        if not self.nowrap and self.linenos == 2:
+            source = self._wrap_inlinelinenos(source)
+
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            source = self._highlight_lines(source)
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            if self.lineanchors:
+                source = self._wrap_lineanchors(source)
+            if self.linespans:
+                source = self._wrap_linespans(source)
+            source = self.wrap(source)
+            if self.linenos == 1:
+                source = self._wrap_tablelinenos(source)
+            source = self._wrap_div(source)
+            if self.full:
+                source = self._wrap_full(source, outfile)
+
+        for t, piece in source:
+            outfile.write(piece)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a338c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/img.py
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.img
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for Pixmap output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \
+    get_choice_opt
+
+import subprocess
+
+# Import this carefully
+try:
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+    pil_available = True
+except ImportError:
+    pil_available = False
+
+try:
+    import _winreg
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import winreg as _winreg
+    except ImportError:
+        _winreg = None
+
+__all__ = ['ImageFormatter', 'GifImageFormatter', 'JpgImageFormatter',
+           'BmpImageFormatter']
+
+
+# For some unknown reason every font calls it something different
+STYLES = {
+    'NORMAL':     ['', 'Roman', 'Book', 'Normal', 'Regular', 'Medium'],
+    'ITALIC':     ['Oblique', 'Italic'],
+    'BOLD':       ['Bold'],
+    'BOLDITALIC': ['Bold Oblique', 'Bold Italic'],
+}
+
+# A sane default for modern systems
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_NIX = 'DejaVu Sans Mono'
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_WIN = 'Courier New'
+DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_MAC = 'Menlo'
+
+
+class PilNotAvailable(ImportError):
+    """When Python imaging library is not available"""
+
+
+class FontNotFound(Exception):
+    """When there are no usable fonts specified"""
+
+
+class FontManager:
+    """
+    Manages a set of fonts: normal, italic, bold, etc...
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, font_name, font_size=14):
+        self.font_name = font_name
+        self.font_size = font_size
+        self.fonts = {}
+        self.encoding = None
+        if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_WIN
+            self._create_win()
+        elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_MAC
+            self._create_mac()
+        else:
+            if not font_name:
+                self.font_name = DEFAULT_FONT_NAME_NIX
+            self._create_nix()
+
+    def _get_nix_font_path(self, name, style):
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(['fc-list', "%s:style=%s" % (name, style), 'file'],
+                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=None)
+        stdout, _ = proc.communicate()
+        if proc.returncode == 0:
+            lines = stdout.splitlines()
+            for line in lines:
+                if line.startswith(b'Fontconfig warning:'):
+                    continue
+                path = line.decode().strip().strip(':')
+                if path:
+                    return path
+            return None
+
+    def _create_nix(self):
+        for name in STYLES['NORMAL']:
+            path = self._get_nix_font_path(self.font_name, name)
+            if path is not None:
+                self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise FontNotFound('No usable fonts named: "%s"' %
+                               self.font_name)
+        for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+            for stylename in STYLES[style]:
+                path = self._get_nix_font_path(self.font_name, stylename)
+                if path is not None:
+                    self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                else:
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def _get_mac_font_path(self, font_map, name, style):
+        return font_map.get((name + ' ' + style).strip().lower())
+
+    def _create_mac(self):
+        font_map = {}
+        for font_dir in (os.path.join(os.getenv("HOME"), 'Library/Fonts/'),
+                         '/Library/Fonts/', '/System/Library/Fonts/'):
+            font_map.update(
+                (os.path.splitext(f)[0].lower(), os.path.join(font_dir, f))
+                for f in os.listdir(font_dir)
+                if f.lower().endswith(('ttf', 'ttc')))
+
+        for name in STYLES['NORMAL']:
+            path = self._get_mac_font_path(font_map, self.font_name, name)
+            if path is not None:
+                self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise FontNotFound('No usable fonts named: "%s"' %
+                               self.font_name)
+        for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+            for stylename in STYLES[style]:
+                path = self._get_mac_font_path(font_map, self.font_name, stylename)
+                if path is not None:
+                    self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                else:
+                    self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+    def _lookup_win(self, key, basename, styles, fail=False):
+        for suffix in ('', ' (TrueType)'):
+            for style in styles:
+                try:
+                    valname = '%s%s%s' % (basename, style and ' '+style, suffix)
+                    val, _ = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, valname)
+                    return val
+                except OSError:
+                    continue
+        else:
+            if fail:
+                raise FontNotFound('Font %s (%s) not found in registry' %
+                                   (basename, styles[0]))
+            return None
+
+    def _create_win(self):
+        lookuperror = None
+        keynames = [ (_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts'),
+                     (_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts') ]
+        for keyname in keynames:
+            try:
+                key = _winreg.OpenKey(*keyname)
+                try:
+                    path = self._lookup_win(key, self.font_name, STYLES['NORMAL'], True)
+                    self.fonts['NORMAL'] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                    for style in ('ITALIC', 'BOLD', 'BOLDITALIC'):
+                        path = self._lookup_win(key, self.font_name, STYLES[style])
+                        if path:
+                            self.fonts[style] = ImageFont.truetype(path, self.font_size)
+                        else:
+                            if style == 'BOLDITALIC':
+                                self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['BOLD']
+                            else:
+                                self.fonts[style] = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+                    return
+                except FontNotFound as err:
+                    lookuperror = err
+                finally:
+                    _winreg.CloseKey(key)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            # If we get here, we checked all registry keys and had no luck
+            # We can be in one of two situations now:
+            # * All key lookups failed. In this case lookuperror is None and we
+            #   will raise a generic error
+            # * At least one lookup failed with a FontNotFound error. In this
+            #   case, we will raise that as a more specific error
+            if lookuperror:
+                raise lookuperror
+            raise FontNotFound('Can\'t open Windows font registry key')
+
+    def get_char_size(self):
+        """
+        Get the character size.
+        """
+        return self.get_text_size('M')
+
+    def get_text_size(self, text):
+        """
+        Get the text size (width, height).
+        """
+        font = self.fonts['NORMAL']
+        if hasattr(font, 'getbbox'):  # Pillow >= 9.2.0
+            return font.getbbox(text)[2:4]
+        else:
+            return font.getsize(text)
+
+    def get_font(self, bold, oblique):
+        """
+        Get the font based on bold and italic flags.
+        """
+        if bold and oblique:
+            return self.fonts['BOLDITALIC']
+        elif bold:
+            return self.fonts['BOLD']
+        elif oblique:
+            return self.fonts['ITALIC']
+        else:
+            return self.fonts['NORMAL']
+
+
+class ImageFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Create a PNG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `image_format`
+        An image format to output to that is recognised by PIL, these include:
+
+        * "PNG" (default)
+        * "JPEG"
+        * "BMP"
+        * "GIF"
+
+    `line_pad`
+        The extra spacing (in pixels) between each line of text.
+
+        Default: 2
+
+    `font_name`
+        The font name to be used as the base font from which others, such as
+        bold and italic fonts will be generated.  This really should be a
+        monospace font to look sane.
+
+        Default: "Courier New" on Windows, "Menlo" on Mac OS, and
+                 "DejaVu Sans Mono" on \\*nix
+
+    `font_size`
+        The font size in points to be used.
+
+        Default: 14
+
+    `image_pad`
+        The padding, in pixels to be used at each edge of the resulting image.
+
+        Default: 10
+
+    `line_numbers`
+        Whether line numbers should be shown: True/False
+
+        Default: True
+
+    `line_number_start`
+        The line number of the first line.
+
+        Default: 1
+
+    `line_number_step`
+        The step used when printing line numbers.
+
+        Default: 1
+
+    `line_number_bg`
+        The background colour (in "#123456" format) of the line number bar, or
+        None to use the style background color.
+
+        Default: "#eed"
+
+    `line_number_fg`
+        The text color of the line numbers (in "#123456"-like format).
+
+        Default: "#886"
+
+    `line_number_chars`
+        The number of columns of line numbers allowable in the line number
+        margin.
+
+        Default: 2
+
+    `line_number_bold`
+        Whether line numbers will be bold: True/False
+
+        Default: False
+
+    `line_number_italic`
+        Whether line numbers will be italicized: True/False
+
+        Default: False
+
+    `line_number_separator`
+        Whether a line will be drawn between the line number area and the
+        source code area: True/False
+
+        Default: True
+
+    `line_number_pad`
+        The horizontal padding (in pixels) between the line number margin, and
+        the source code area.
+
+        Default: 6
+
+    `hl_lines`
+        Specify a list of lines to be highlighted.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+        Default: empty list
+
+    `hl_color`
+        Specify the color for highlighting lines.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+        Default: highlight color of the selected style
+    """
+
+    # Required by the pygments mapper
+    name = 'img'
+    aliases = ['img', 'IMG', 'png']
+    filenames = ['*.png']
+
+    unicodeoutput = False
+
+    default_image_format = 'png'
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        See the class docstring for explanation of options.
+        """
+        if not pil_available:
+            raise PilNotAvailable(
+                'Python Imaging Library is required for this formatter')
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.encoding = 'latin1'  # let pygments.format() do the right thing
+        # Read the style
+        self.styles = dict(self.style)
+        if self.style.background_color is None:
+            self.background_color = '#fff'
+        else:
+            self.background_color = self.style.background_color
+        # Image options
+        self.image_format = get_choice_opt(
+            options, 'image_format', ['png', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'bmp'],
+            self.default_image_format, normcase=True)
+        self.image_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'image_pad', 10)
+        self.line_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'line_pad', 2)
+        # The fonts
+        fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'font_size', 14)
+        self.fonts = FontManager(options.get('font_name', ''), fontsize)
+        self.fontw, self.fonth = self.fonts.get_char_size()
+        # Line number options
+        self.line_number_fg = options.get('line_number_fg', '#886')
+        self.line_number_bg = options.get('line_number_bg', '#eed')
+        self.line_number_chars = get_int_opt(options,
+                                             'line_number_chars', 2)
+        self.line_number_bold = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                             'line_number_bold', False)
+        self.line_number_italic = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                               'line_number_italic', False)
+        self.line_number_pad = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_pad', 6)
+        self.line_numbers = get_bool_opt(options, 'line_numbers', True)
+        self.line_number_separator = get_bool_opt(options,
+                                                  'line_number_separator', True)
+        self.line_number_step = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_step', 1)
+        self.line_number_start = get_int_opt(options, 'line_number_start', 1)
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            self.line_number_width = (self.fontw * self.line_number_chars +
+                                      self.line_number_pad * 2)
+        else:
+            self.line_number_width = 0
+        self.hl_lines = []
+        hl_lines_str = get_list_opt(options, 'hl_lines', [])
+        for line in hl_lines_str:
+            try:
+                self.hl_lines.append(int(line))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+        self.hl_color = options.get('hl_color',
+                                    self.style.highlight_color) or '#f90'
+        self.drawables = []
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        raise NotImplementedError('The -S option is meaningless for the image '
+                                  'formatter. Use -O style=<stylename> instead.')
+
+    def _get_line_height(self):
+        """
+        Get the height of a line.
+        """
+        return self.fonth + self.line_pad
+
+    def _get_line_y(self, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the Y coordinate of a line number.
+        """
+        return lineno * self._get_line_height() + self.image_pad
+
+    def _get_char_width(self):
+        """
+        Get the width of a character.
+        """
+        return self.fontw
+
+    def _get_char_x(self, linelength):
+        """
+        Get the X coordinate of a character position.
+        """
+        return linelength + self.image_pad + self.line_number_width
+
+    def _get_text_pos(self, linelength, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the actual position for a character and line position.
+        """
+        return self._get_char_x(linelength), self._get_line_y(lineno)
+
+    def _get_linenumber_pos(self, lineno):
+        """
+        Get the actual position for the start of a line number.
+        """
+        return (self.image_pad, self._get_line_y(lineno))
+
+    def _get_text_color(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct color for the token from the style.
+        """
+        if style['color'] is not None:
+            fill = '#' + style['color']
+        else:
+            fill = '#000'
+        return fill
+
+    def _get_text_bg_color(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct background color for the token from the style.
+        """
+        if style['bgcolor'] is not None:
+            bg_color = '#' + style['bgcolor']
+        else:
+            bg_color = None
+        return bg_color
+
+    def _get_style_font(self, style):
+        """
+        Get the correct font for the style.
+        """
+        return self.fonts.get_font(style['bold'], style['italic'])
+
+    def _get_image_size(self, maxlinelength, maxlineno):
+        """
+        Get the required image size.
+        """
+        return (self._get_char_x(maxlinelength) + self.image_pad,
+                self._get_line_y(maxlineno + 0) + self.image_pad)
+
+    def _draw_linenumber(self, posno, lineno):
+        """
+        Remember a line number drawable to paint later.
+        """
+        self._draw_text(
+            self._get_linenumber_pos(posno),
+            str(lineno).rjust(self.line_number_chars),
+            font=self.fonts.get_font(self.line_number_bold,
+                                     self.line_number_italic),
+            text_fg=self.line_number_fg,
+            text_bg=None,
+        )
+
+    def _draw_text(self, pos, text, font, text_fg, text_bg):
+        """
+        Remember a single drawable tuple to paint later.
+        """
+        self.drawables.append((pos, text, font, text_fg, text_bg))
+
+    def _create_drawables(self, tokensource):
+        """
+        Create drawables for the token content.
+        """
+        lineno = charno = maxcharno = 0
+        maxlinelength = linelength = 0
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            style = self.styles[ttype]
+            # TODO: make sure tab expansion happens earlier in the chain.  It
+            # really ought to be done on the input, as to do it right here is
+            # quite complex.
+            value = value.expandtabs(4)
+            lines = value.splitlines(True)
+            # print lines
+            for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+                temp = line.rstrip('\n')
+                if temp:
+                    self._draw_text(
+                        self._get_text_pos(linelength, lineno),
+                        temp,
+                        font = self._get_style_font(style),
+                        text_fg = self._get_text_color(style),
+                        text_bg = self._get_text_bg_color(style),
+                    )
+                    temp_width, _ = self.fonts.get_text_size(temp)
+                    linelength += temp_width
+                    maxlinelength = max(maxlinelength, linelength)
+                    charno += len(temp)
+                    maxcharno = max(maxcharno, charno)
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    # add a line for each extra line in the value
+                    linelength = 0
+                    charno = 0
+                    lineno += 1
+        self.maxlinelength = maxlinelength
+        self.maxcharno = maxcharno
+        self.maxlineno = lineno
+
+    def _draw_line_numbers(self):
+        """
+        Create drawables for the line numbers.
+        """
+        if not self.line_numbers:
+            return
+        for p in range(self.maxlineno):
+            n = p + self.line_number_start
+            if (n % self.line_number_step) == 0:
+                self._draw_linenumber(p, n)
+
+    def _paint_line_number_bg(self, im):
+        """
+        Paint the line number background on the image.
+        """
+        if not self.line_numbers:
+            return
+        if self.line_number_fg is None:
+            return
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        recth = im.size[-1]
+        rectw = self.image_pad + self.line_number_width - self.line_number_pad
+        draw.rectangle([(0, 0), (rectw, recth)],
+                       fill=self.line_number_bg)
+        if self.line_number_separator:
+            draw.line([(rectw, 0), (rectw, recth)], fill=self.line_number_fg)
+        del draw
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        Format ``tokensource``, an iterable of ``(tokentype, tokenstring)``
+        tuples and write it into ``outfile``.
+
+        This implementation calculates where it should draw each token on the
+        pixmap, then calculates the required pixmap size and draws the items.
+        """
+        self._create_drawables(tokensource)
+        self._draw_line_numbers()
+        im = Image.new(
+            'RGB',
+            self._get_image_size(self.maxlinelength, self.maxlineno),
+            self.background_color
+        )
+        self._paint_line_number_bg(im)
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        # Highlight
+        if self.hl_lines:
+            x = self.image_pad + self.line_number_width - self.line_number_pad + 1
+            recth = self._get_line_height()
+            rectw = im.size[0] - x
+            for linenumber in self.hl_lines:
+                y = self._get_line_y(linenumber - 1)
+                draw.rectangle([(x, y), (x + rectw, y + recth)],
+                               fill=self.hl_color)
+        for pos, value, font, text_fg, text_bg in self.drawables:
+            if text_bg:
+                text_size = draw.textsize(text=value, font=font)
+                draw.rectangle([pos[0], pos[1], pos[0] + text_size[0], pos[1] + text_size[1]], fill=text_bg)
+            draw.text(pos, value, font=font, fill=text_fg)
+        im.save(outfile, self.image_format.upper())
+
+
+# Add one formatter per format, so that the "-f gif" option gives the correct result
+# when used in pygmentize.
+
+class GifImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a GIF image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_gif'
+    aliases = ['gif']
+    filenames = ['*.gif']
+    default_image_format = 'gif'
+
+
+class JpgImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a JPEG image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_jpg'
+    aliases = ['jpg', 'jpeg']
+    filenames = ['*.jpg']
+    default_image_format = 'jpeg'
+
+
+class BmpImageFormatter(ImageFormatter):
+    """
+    Create a bitmap image from source code. This uses the Python Imaging Library to
+    generate a pixmap from the source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+    """
+
+    name = 'img_bmp'
+    aliases = ['bmp', 'bitmap']
+    filenames = ['*.bmp']
+    default_image_format = 'bmp'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2144d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/irc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.irc
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for IRC output
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+    Number, Operator, Generic, Token, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['IRCFormatter']
+
+
+#: Map token types to a tuple of color values for light and dark
+#: backgrounds.
+IRC_COLORS = {
+    Token:              ('',            ''),
+
+    Whitespace:         ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment:            ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment.Preproc:    ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Keyword:            ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+    Keyword.Type:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Operator.Word:      ('magenta',      'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Builtin:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Function:      ('green',   'brightgreen'),
+    Name.Namespace:     ('_cyan_',      '_brightcyan_'),
+    Name.Class:         ('_green_', '_brightgreen_'),
+    Name.Exception:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Decorator:     ('brightblack',    'gray'),
+    Name.Variable:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Constant:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Attribute:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Tag:           ('brightblue',        'brightblue'),
+    String:             ('yellow',       'yellow'),
+    Number:             ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+
+    Generic.Deleted:    ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+    Generic.Inserted:   ('green',  'brightgreen'),
+    Generic.Heading:    ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Subheading: ('*magenta*',   '*brightmagenta*'),
+    Generic.Error:      ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+
+    Error:              ('_brightred_',      '_brightred_'),
+}
+
+
+IRC_COLOR_MAP = {
+    'white': 0,
+    'black': 1,
+    'blue': 2,
+    'brightgreen': 3,
+    'brightred': 4,
+    'yellow': 5,
+    'magenta': 6,
+    'orange': 7,
+    'green': 7, #compat w/ ansi
+    'brightyellow': 8,
+    'lightgreen': 9,
+    'brightcyan': 9, # compat w/ ansi
+    'cyan': 10,
+    'lightblue': 11,
+    'red': 11, # compat w/ ansi
+    'brightblue': 12,
+    'brightmagenta': 13,
+    'brightblack': 14,
+    'gray': 15,
+}
+
+def ircformat(color, text):
+    if len(color) < 1:
+        return text
+    add = sub = ''
+    if '_' in color: # italic
+        add += '\x1D'
+        sub = '\x1D' + sub
+        color = color.strip('_')
+    if '*' in color: # bold
+        add += '\x02'
+        sub = '\x02' + sub
+        color = color.strip('*')
+    # underline (\x1F) not supported
+    # backgrounds (\x03FF,BB) not supported
+    if len(color) > 0: # actual color - may have issues with ircformat("red", "blah")+"10" type stuff
+        add += '\x03' + str(IRC_COLOR_MAP[color]).zfill(2)
+        sub = '\x03' + sub
+    return add + text + sub
+    return '<'+add+'>'+text+'</'+sub+'>'
+
+
+class IRCFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with IRC color sequences
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method doesn't do anything special since there is
+    no support for common styles.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `bg`
+        Set to ``"light"`` or ``"dark"`` depending on the terminal's background
+        (default: ``"light"``).
+
+    `colorscheme`
+        A dictionary mapping token types to (lightbg, darkbg) color names or
+        ``None`` (default: ``None`` = use builtin colorscheme).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers in the output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'IRC'
+    aliases = ['irc', 'IRC']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.darkbg = get_choice_opt(options, 'bg',
+                                     ['light', 'dark'], 'light') == 'dark'
+        self.colorscheme = options.get('colorscheme', None) or IRC_COLORS
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._lineno += 1
+            outfile.write("%04d: " % self._lineno)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            color = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+            while color is None:
+                ttype = ttype[:-1]
+                color = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+            if color:
+                color = color[self.darkbg]
+                spl = value.split('\n')
+                for line in spl[:-1]:
+                    if line:
+                        outfile.write(ircformat(color, line))
+                    outfile.write('\n')
+                    self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                if spl[-1]:
+                    outfile.write(ircformat(color, spl[-1]))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca539b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.latex
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for LaTeX fancyvrb output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from io import StringIO
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import Lexer, do_insertions
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, STANDARD_TYPES
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['LatexFormatter']
+
+
+def escape_tex(text, commandprefix):
+    return text.replace('\\', '\x00'). \
+                replace('{', '\x01'). \
+                replace('}', '\x02'). \
+                replace('\x00', r'\%sZbs{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('\x01', r'\%sZob{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('\x02', r'\%sZcb{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('^', r'\%sZca{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('_', r'\%sZus{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('&', r'\%sZam{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('<', r'\%sZlt{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('>', r'\%sZgt{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('#', r'\%sZsh{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('%', r'\%sZpc{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('$', r'\%sZdl{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('-', r'\%sZhy{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace("'", r'\%sZsq{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('"', r'\%sZdq{}' % commandprefix). \
+                replace('~', r'\%sZti{}' % commandprefix)
+
+
+DOC_TEMPLATE = r'''
+\documentclass{%(docclass)s}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage[%(encoding)s]{inputenc}
+%(preamble)s
+
+%(styledefs)s
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\section*{%(title)s}
+
+%(code)s
+\end{document}
+'''
+
+## Small explanation of the mess below :)
+#
+# The previous version of the LaTeX formatter just assigned a command to
+# each token type defined in the current style.  That obviously is
+# problematic if the highlighted code is produced for a different style
+# than the style commands themselves.
+#
+# This version works much like the HTML formatter which assigns multiple
+# CSS classes to each <span> tag, from the most specific to the least
+# specific token type, thus falling back to the parent token type if one
+# is not defined.  Here, the classes are there too and use the same short
+# forms given in token.STANDARD_TYPES.
+#
+# Highlighted code now only uses one custom command, which by default is
+# \PY and selectable by the commandprefix option (and in addition the
+# escapes \PYZat, \PYZlb and \PYZrb which haven't been renamed for
+# backwards compatibility purposes).
+#
+# \PY has two arguments: the classes, separated by +, and the text to
+# render in that style.  The classes are resolved into the respective
+# style commands by magic, which serves to ignore unknown classes.
+#
+# The magic macros are:
+# * \PY@it, \PY@bf, etc. are unconditionally wrapped around the text
+#   to render in \PY@do.  Their definition determines the style.
+# * \PY@reset resets \PY@it etc. to do nothing.
+# * \PY@toks parses the list of classes, using magic inspired by the
+#   keyval package (but modified to use plusses instead of commas
+#   because fancyvrb redefines commas inside its environments).
+# * \PY@tok processes one class, calling the \PY@tok@classname command
+#   if it exists.
+# * \PY@tok@classname sets the \PY@it etc. to reflect the chosen style
+#   for its class.
+# * \PY resets the style, parses the classnames and then calls \PY@do.
+#
+# Tip: to read this code, print it out in substituted form using e.g.
+# >>> print STYLE_TEMPLATE % {'cp': 'PY'}
+
+STYLE_TEMPLATE = r'''
+\makeatletter
+\def\%(cp)s@reset{\let\%(cp)s@it=\relax \let\%(cp)s@bf=\relax%%
+    \let\%(cp)s@ul=\relax \let\%(cp)s@tc=\relax%%
+    \let\%(cp)s@bc=\relax \let\%(cp)s@ff=\relax}
+\def\%(cp)s@tok#1{\csname %(cp)s@tok@#1\endcsname}
+\def\%(cp)s@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%%
+    \%(cp)s@tok{#1}\expandafter\%(cp)s@toks\fi}
+\def\%(cp)s@do#1{\%(cp)s@bc{\%(cp)s@tc{\%(cp)s@ul{%%
+    \%(cp)s@it{\%(cp)s@bf{\%(cp)s@ff{#1}}}}}}}
+\def\%(cp)s#1#2{\%(cp)s@reset\%(cp)s@toks#1+\relax+\%(cp)s@do{#2}}
+
+%(styles)s
+
+\def\%(cp)sZbs{\char`\\}
+\def\%(cp)sZus{\char`\_}
+\def\%(cp)sZob{\char`\{}
+\def\%(cp)sZcb{\char`\}}
+\def\%(cp)sZca{\char`\^}
+\def\%(cp)sZam{\char`\&}
+\def\%(cp)sZlt{\char`\<}
+\def\%(cp)sZgt{\char`\>}
+\def\%(cp)sZsh{\char`\#}
+\def\%(cp)sZpc{\char`\%%}
+\def\%(cp)sZdl{\char`\$}
+\def\%(cp)sZhy{\char`\-}
+\def\%(cp)sZsq{\char`\'}
+\def\%(cp)sZdq{\char`\"}
+\def\%(cp)sZti{\char`\~}
+%% for compatibility with earlier versions
+\def\%(cp)sZat{@}
+\def\%(cp)sZlb{[}
+\def\%(cp)sZrb{]}
+\makeatother
+'''
+
+
+def _get_ttype_name(ttype):
+    fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    if fname:
+        return fname
+    aname = ''
+    while fname is None:
+        aname = ttype[-1] + aname
+        ttype = ttype.parent
+        fname = STANDARD_TYPES.get(ttype)
+    return fname + aname
+
+
+class LatexFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as LaTeX code. This needs the `fancyvrb` and `color`
+    standard packages.
+
+    Without the `full` option, code is formatted as one ``Verbatim``
+    environment, like this:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: latex
+
+        \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+        \PY{k}{def }\PY{n+nf}{foo}(\PY{n}{bar}):
+            \PY{k}{pass}
+        \end{Verbatim}
+
+    Wrapping can be disabled using the `nowrap` option.
+
+    The special command used here (``\PY``) and all the other macros it needs
+    are output by the `get_style_defs` method.
+
+    With the `full` option, a complete LaTeX document is output, including
+    the command definitions in the preamble.
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method of a `LatexFormatter` returns a string
+    containing ``\def`` commands defining the macros needed inside the
+    ``Verbatim`` environments.
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        If set to ``True``, don't wrap the tokens at all, not even inside a
+        ``\begin{Verbatim}`` environment. This disables most other options
+        (default: ``False``).
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `full`
+        Tells the formatter to output a "full" document, i.e. a complete
+        self-contained document (default: ``False``).
+
+    `title`
+        If `full` is true, the title that should be used to caption the
+        document (default: ``''``).
+
+    `docclass`
+        If the `full` option is enabled, this is the document class to use
+        (default: ``'article'``).
+
+    `preamble`
+        If the `full` option is enabled, this can be further preamble commands,
+        e.g. ``\usepackage`` (default: ``''``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        If set to ``True``, output line numbers (default: ``False``).
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+
+    `verboptions`
+        Additional options given to the Verbatim environment (see the *fancyvrb*
+        docs for possible values) (default: ``''``).
+
+    `commandprefix`
+        The LaTeX commands used to produce colored output are constructed
+        using this prefix and some letters (default: ``'PY'``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.7
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10
+           The default is now ``'PY'`` instead of ``'C'``.
+
+    `texcomments`
+        If set to ``True``, enables LaTeX comment lines.  That is, LaTex markup
+        in comment tokens is not escaped so that LaTeX can render it (default:
+        ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+    `mathescape`
+        If set to ``True``, enables LaTeX math mode escape in comments. That
+        is, ``'$...$'`` inside a comment will trigger math mode (default:
+        ``False``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+    `escapeinside`
+        If set to a string of length 2, enables escaping to LaTeX. Text
+        delimited by these 2 characters is read as LaTeX code and
+        typeset accordingly. It has no effect in string literals. It has
+        no effect in comments if `texcomments` or `mathescape` is
+        set. (default: ``''``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    `envname`
+        Allows you to pick an alternative environment name replacing Verbatim.
+        The alternate environment still has to support Verbatim's option syntax.
+        (default: ``'Verbatim'``).
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'LaTeX'
+    aliases = ['latex', 'tex']
+    filenames = ['*.tex']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.docclass = options.get('docclass', 'article')
+        self.preamble = options.get('preamble', '')
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options, 'linenos', False)
+        self.linenostart = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostart', 1))
+        self.linenostep = abs(get_int_opt(options, 'linenostep', 1))
+        self.verboptions = options.get('verboptions', '')
+        self.nobackground = get_bool_opt(options, 'nobackground', False)
+        self.commandprefix = options.get('commandprefix', 'PY')
+        self.texcomments = get_bool_opt(options, 'texcomments', False)
+        self.mathescape = get_bool_opt(options, 'mathescape', False)
+        self.escapeinside = options.get('escapeinside', '')
+        if len(self.escapeinside) == 2:
+            self.left = self.escapeinside[0]
+            self.right = self.escapeinside[1]
+        else:
+            self.escapeinside = ''
+        self.envname = options.get('envname', 'Verbatim')
+
+        self._create_stylesheet()
+
+    def _create_stylesheet(self):
+        t2n = self.ttype2name = {Token: ''}
+        c2d = self.cmd2def = {}
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+
+        def rgbcolor(col):
+            if col:
+                return ','.join(['%.2f' % (int(col[i] + col[i + 1], 16) / 255.0)
+                                 for i in (0, 2, 4)])
+            else:
+                return '1,1,1'
+
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            name = _get_ttype_name(ttype)
+            cmndef = ''
+            if ndef['bold']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@bf=\textbf'
+            if ndef['italic']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@it=\textit'
+            if ndef['underline']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ul=\underline'
+            if ndef['roman']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textrm'
+            if ndef['sans']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textsf'
+            if ndef['mono']:
+                cmndef += r'\let\$$@ff=\textsf'
+            if ndef['color']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@tc##1{\textcolor[rgb]{%s}{##1}}' %
+                           rgbcolor(ndef['color']))
+            if ndef['border']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@bc##1{{\setlength{\fboxsep}{\string -\fboxrule}'
+                           r'\fcolorbox[rgb]{%s}{%s}{\strut ##1}}}' %
+                           (rgbcolor(ndef['border']),
+                            rgbcolor(ndef['bgcolor'])))
+            elif ndef['bgcolor']:
+                cmndef += (r'\def\$$@bc##1{{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt}'
+                           r'\colorbox[rgb]{%s}{\strut ##1}}}' %
+                           rgbcolor(ndef['bgcolor']))
+            if cmndef == '':
+                continue
+            cmndef = cmndef.replace('$$', cp)
+            t2n[ttype] = name
+            c2d[name] = cmndef
+
+    def get_style_defs(self, arg=''):
+        """
+        Return the command sequences needed to define the commands
+        used to format text in the verbatim environment. ``arg`` is ignored.
+        """
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+        styles = []
+        for name, definition in self.cmd2def.items():
+            styles.append(r'\@namedef{%s@tok@%s}{%s}' % (cp, name, definition))
+        return STYLE_TEMPLATE % {'cp': self.commandprefix,
+                                 'styles': '\n'.join(styles)}
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        # TODO: add support for background colors
+        t2n = self.ttype2name
+        cp = self.commandprefix
+
+        if self.full:
+            realoutfile = outfile
+            outfile = StringIO()
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('\\begin{' + self.envname + '}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}')
+            if self.linenos:
+                start, step = self.linenostart, self.linenostep
+                outfile.write(',numbers=left' +
+                              (start and ',firstnumber=%d' % start or '') +
+                              (step and ',stepnumber=%d' % step or ''))
+            if self.mathescape or self.texcomments or self.escapeinside:
+                outfile.write(',codes={\\catcode`\\$=3\\catcode`\\^=7'
+                              '\\catcode`\\_=8\\relax}')
+            if self.verboptions:
+                outfile.write(',' + self.verboptions)
+            outfile.write(']\n')
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if ttype in Token.Comment:
+                if self.texcomments:
+                    # Try to guess comment starting lexeme and escape it ...
+                    start = value[0:1]
+                    for i in range(1, len(value)):
+                        if start[0] != value[i]:
+                            break
+                        start += value[i]
+
+                    value = value[len(start):]
+                    start = escape_tex(start, cp)
+
+                    # ... but do not escape inside comment.
+                    value = start + value
+                elif self.mathescape:
+                    # Only escape parts not inside a math environment.
+                    parts = value.split('$')
+                    in_math = False
+                    for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+                        if not in_math:
+                            parts[i] = escape_tex(part, cp)
+                        in_math = not in_math
+                    value = '$'.join(parts)
+                elif self.escapeinside:
+                    text = value
+                    value = ''
+                    while text:
+                        a, sep1, text = text.partition(self.left)
+                        if sep1:
+                            b, sep2, text = text.partition(self.right)
+                            if sep2:
+                                value += escape_tex(a, cp) + b
+                            else:
+                                value += escape_tex(a + sep1 + b, cp)
+                        else:
+                            value += escape_tex(a, cp)
+                else:
+                    value = escape_tex(value, cp)
+            elif ttype not in Token.Escape:
+                value = escape_tex(value, cp)
+            styles = []
+            while ttype is not Token:
+                try:
+                    styles.append(t2n[ttype])
+                except KeyError:
+                    # not in current style
+                    styles.append(_get_ttype_name(ttype))
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            styleval = '+'.join(reversed(styles))
+            if styleval:
+                spl = value.split('\n')
+                for line in spl[:-1]:
+                    if line:
+                        outfile.write("\\%s{%s}{%s}" % (cp, styleval, line))
+                    outfile.write('\n')
+                if spl[-1]:
+                    outfile.write("\\%s{%s}{%s}" % (cp, styleval, spl[-1]))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('\\end{' + self.envname + '}\n')
+
+        if self.full:
+            encoding = self.encoding or 'utf8'
+            # map known existings encodings from LaTeX distribution
+            encoding = {
+                'utf_8': 'utf8',
+                'latin_1': 'latin1',
+                'iso_8859_1': 'latin1',
+            }.get(encoding.replace('-', '_'), encoding)
+            realoutfile.write(DOC_TEMPLATE %
+                dict(docclass  = self.docclass,
+                     preamble  = self.preamble,
+                     title     = self.title,
+                     encoding  = encoding,
+                     styledefs = self.get_style_defs(),
+                     code      = outfile.getvalue()))
+
+
+class LatexEmbeddedLexer(Lexer):
+    """
+    This lexer takes one lexer as argument, the lexer for the language
+    being formatted, and the left and right delimiters for escaped text.
+
+    First everything is scanned using the language lexer to obtain
+    strings and comments. All other consecutive tokens are merged and
+    the resulting text is scanned for escaped segments, which are given
+    the Token.Escape type. Finally text that is not escaped is scanned
+    again with the language lexer.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, left, right, lang, **options):
+        self.left = left
+        self.right = right
+        self.lang = lang
+        Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        # find and remove all the escape tokens (replace with an empty string)
+        # this is very similar to DelegatingLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed.
+        buffered = ''
+        insertions = []
+        insertion_buf = []
+        for i, t, v in self._find_safe_escape_tokens(text):
+            if t is None:
+                if insertion_buf:
+                    insertions.append((len(buffered), insertion_buf))
+                    insertion_buf = []
+                buffered += v
+            else:
+                insertion_buf.append((i, t, v))
+        if insertion_buf:
+            insertions.append((len(buffered), insertion_buf))
+        return do_insertions(insertions,
+                             self.lang.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered))
+
+    def _find_safe_escape_tokens(self, text):
+        """ find escape tokens that are not in strings or comments """
+        for i, t, v in self._filter_to(
+            self.lang.get_tokens_unprocessed(text),
+            lambda t: t in Token.Comment or t in Token.String
+        ):
+            if t is None:
+                for i2, t2, v2 in self._find_escape_tokens(v):
+                    yield i + i2, t2, v2
+            else:
+                yield i, None, v
+
+    def _filter_to(self, it, pred):
+        """ Keep only the tokens that match `pred`, merge the others together """
+        buf = ''
+        idx = 0
+        for i, t, v in it:
+            if pred(t):
+                if buf:
+                    yield idx, None, buf
+                    buf = ''
+                yield i, t, v
+            else:
+                if not buf:
+                    idx = i
+                buf += v
+        if buf:
+            yield idx, None, buf
+
+    def _find_escape_tokens(self, text):
+        """ Find escape tokens within text, give token=None otherwise """
+        index = 0
+        while text:
+            a, sep1, text = text.partition(self.left)
+            if a:
+                yield index, None, a
+                index += len(a)
+            if sep1:
+                b, sep2, text = text.partition(self.right)
+                if sep2:
+                    yield index + len(sep1), Token.Escape, b
+                    index += len(sep1) + len(b) + len(sep2)
+                else:
+                    yield index, Token.Error, sep1
+                    index += len(sep1)
+                    text = b
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..990ead4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/other.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.other
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Other formatters: NullFormatter, RawTokenFormatter.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import colorize
+
+__all__ = ['NullFormatter', 'RawTokenFormatter', 'TestcaseFormatter']
+
+
+class NullFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Output the text unchanged without any formatting.
+    """
+    name = 'Text only'
+    aliases = ['text', 'null']
+    filenames = ['*.txt']
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        enc = self.encoding
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            if enc:
+                outfile.write(value.encode(enc))
+            else:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+
+class RawTokenFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens as a raw representation for storing token streams.
+
+    The format is ``tokentype<TAB>repr(tokenstring)\n``. The output can later
+    be converted to a token stream with the `RawTokenLexer`, described in the
+    :doc:`lexer list <lexers>`.
+
+    Only two options are accepted:
+
+    `compress`
+        If set to ``'gz'`` or ``'bz2'``, compress the output with the given
+        compression algorithm after encoding (default: ``''``).
+    `error_color`
+        If set to a color name, highlight error tokens using that color.  If
+        set but with no value, defaults to ``'red'``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+
+    """
+    name = 'Raw tokens'
+    aliases = ['raw', 'tokens']
+    filenames = ['*.raw']
+
+    unicodeoutput = False
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        # We ignore self.encoding if it is set, since it gets set for lexer
+        # and formatter if given with -Oencoding on the command line.
+        # The RawTokenFormatter outputs only ASCII. Override here.
+        self.encoding = 'ascii'  # let pygments.format() do the right thing
+        self.compress = get_choice_opt(options, 'compress',
+                                       ['', 'none', 'gz', 'bz2'], '')
+        self.error_color = options.get('error_color', None)
+        if self.error_color is True:
+            self.error_color = 'red'
+        if self.error_color is not None:
+            try:
+                colorize(self.error_color, '')
+            except KeyError:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid color %r specified" %
+                                 self.error_color)
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        try:
+            outfile.write(b'')
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError('The raw tokens formatter needs a binary '
+                            'output file')
+        if self.compress == 'gz':
+            import gzip
+            outfile = gzip.GzipFile('', 'wb', 9, outfile)
+
+            write = outfile.write
+            flush = outfile.close
+        elif self.compress == 'bz2':
+            import bz2
+            compressor = bz2.BZ2Compressor(9)
+
+            def write(text):
+                outfile.write(compressor.compress(text))
+
+            def flush():
+                outfile.write(compressor.flush())
+                outfile.flush()
+        else:
+            write = outfile.write
+            flush = outfile.flush
+
+        if self.error_color:
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                line = b"%r\t%r\n" % (ttype, value)
+                if ttype is Token.Error:
+                    write(colorize(self.error_color, line))
+                else:
+                    write(line)
+        else:
+            for ttype, value in tokensource:
+                write(b"%r\t%r\n" % (ttype, value))
+        flush()
+
+
+TESTCASE_BEFORE = '''\
+    def testNeedsName(lexer):
+        fragment = %r
+        tokens = [
+'''
+TESTCASE_AFTER = '''\
+        ]
+        assert list(lexer.get_tokens(fragment)) == tokens
+'''
+
+
+class TestcaseFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as appropriate for a new testcase.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'Testcase'
+    aliases = ['testcase']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        if self.encoding is not None and self.encoding != 'utf-8':
+            raise ValueError("Only None and utf-8 are allowed encodings.")
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        indentation = ' ' * 12
+        rawbuf = []
+        outbuf = []
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            rawbuf.append(value)
+            outbuf.append('%s(%s, %r),\n' % (indentation, ttype, value))
+
+        before = TESTCASE_BEFORE % (''.join(rawbuf),)
+        during = ''.join(outbuf)
+        after = TESTCASE_AFTER
+        if self.encoding is None:
+            outfile.write(before + during + after)
+        else:
+            outfile.write(before.encode('utf-8'))
+            outfile.write(during.encode('utf-8'))
+            outfile.write(after.encode('utf-8'))
+        outfile.flush()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bb325d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/pangomarkup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.pangomarkup
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for Pango markup output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+
+
+__all__ = ['PangoMarkupFormatter']
+
+
+_escape_table = {
+    ord('&'): '&amp;',
+    ord('<'): '&lt;',
+}
+
+
+def escape_special_chars(text, table=_escape_table):
+    """Escape & and < for Pango Markup."""
+    return text.translate(table)
+
+
+class PangoMarkupFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as Pango Markup code. It can then be rendered to an SVG.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.9
+    """
+
+    name = 'Pango Markup'
+    aliases = ['pango', 'pangomarkup']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.styles = {}
+
+        for token, style in self.style:
+            start = ''
+            end = ''
+            if style['color']:
+                start += '<span fgcolor="#%s">' % style['color']
+                end = '</span>' + end
+            if style['bold']:
+                start += '<b>'
+                end = '</b>' + end
+            if style['italic']:
+                start += '<i>'
+                end = '</i>' + end
+            if style['underline']:
+                start += '<u>'
+                end = '</u>' + end
+            self.styles[token] = (start, end)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        lastval = ''
+        lasttype = None
+
+        outfile.write('<tt>')
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while ttype not in self.styles:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            if ttype == lasttype:
+                lastval += escape_special_chars(value)
+            else:
+                if lastval:
+                    stylebegin, styleend = self.styles[lasttype]
+                    outfile.write(stylebegin + lastval + styleend)
+                lastval = escape_special_chars(value)
+                lasttype = ttype
+
+        if lastval:
+            stylebegin, styleend = self.styles[lasttype]
+            outfile.write(stylebegin + lastval + styleend)
+
+        outfile.write('</tt>')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..125189c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/rtf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.rtf
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A formatter that generates RTF files.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_int_opt, surrogatepair
+
+
+__all__ = ['RtfFormatter']
+
+
+class RtfFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as RTF markup. This formatter automatically outputs full RTF
+    documents with color information and other useful stuff. Perfect for Copy and
+    Paste into Microsoft(R) Word(R) documents.
+
+    Please note that ``encoding`` and ``outencoding`` options are ignored.
+    The RTF format is ASCII natively, but handles unicode characters correctly
+    thanks to escape sequences.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `fontface`
+        The used font family, for example ``Bitstream Vera Sans``. Defaults to
+        some generic font which is supposed to have fixed width.
+
+    `fontsize`
+        Size of the font used. Size is specified in half points. The
+        default is 24 half-points, giving a size 12 font.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    name = 'RTF'
+    aliases = ['rtf']
+    filenames = ['*.rtf']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        r"""
+        Additional options accepted:
+
+        ``fontface``
+            Name of the font used. Could for example be ``'Courier New'``
+            to further specify the default which is ``'\fmodern'``. The RTF
+            specification claims that ``\fmodern`` are "Fixed-pitch serif
+            and sans serif fonts". Hope every RTF implementation thinks
+            the same about modern...
+
+        """
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.fontface = options.get('fontface') or ''
+        self.fontsize = get_int_opt(options, 'fontsize', 0)
+
+    def _escape(self, text):
+        return text.replace('\\', '\\\\') \
+                   .replace('{', '\\{') \
+                   .replace('}', '\\}')
+
+    def _escape_text(self, text):
+        # empty strings, should give a small performance improvement
+        if not text:
+            return ''
+
+        # escape text
+        text = self._escape(text)
+
+        buf = []
+        for c in text:
+            cn = ord(c)
+            if cn < (2**7):
+                # ASCII character
+                buf.append(str(c))
+            elif (2**7) <= cn < (2**16):
+                # single unicode escape sequence
+                buf.append('{\\u%d}' % cn)
+            elif (2**16) <= cn:
+                # RTF limits unicode to 16 bits.
+                # Force surrogate pairs
+                buf.append('{\\u%d}{\\u%d}' % surrogatepair(cn))
+
+        return ''.join(buf).replace('\n', '\\par\n')
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        # rtf 1.8 header
+        outfile.write('{\\rtf1\\ansi\\uc0\\deff0'
+                      '{\\fonttbl{\\f0\\fmodern\\fprq1\\fcharset0%s;}}'
+                      '{\\colortbl;' % (self.fontface and
+                                        ' ' + self._escape(self.fontface) or
+                                        ''))
+
+        # convert colors and save them in a mapping to access them later.
+        color_mapping = {}
+        offset = 1
+        for _, style in self.style:
+            for color in style['color'], style['bgcolor'], style['border']:
+                if color and color not in color_mapping:
+                    color_mapping[color] = offset
+                    outfile.write('\\red%d\\green%d\\blue%d;' % (
+                        int(color[0:2], 16),
+                        int(color[2:4], 16),
+                        int(color[4:6], 16)
+                    ))
+                    offset += 1
+        outfile.write('}\\f0 ')
+        if self.fontsize:
+            outfile.write('\\fs%d' % self.fontsize)
+
+        # highlight stream
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            while not self.style.styles_token(ttype) and ttype.parent:
+                ttype = ttype.parent
+            style = self.style.style_for_token(ttype)
+            buf = []
+            if style['bgcolor']:
+                buf.append('\\cb%d' % color_mapping[style['bgcolor']])
+            if style['color']:
+                buf.append('\\cf%d' % color_mapping[style['color']])
+            if style['bold']:
+                buf.append('\\b')
+            if style['italic']:
+                buf.append('\\i')
+            if style['underline']:
+                buf.append('\\ul')
+            if style['border']:
+                buf.append('\\chbrdr\\chcfpat%d' %
+                           color_mapping[style['border']])
+            start = ''.join(buf)
+            if start:
+                outfile.write('{%s ' % start)
+            outfile.write(self._escape_text(value))
+            if start:
+                outfile.write('}')
+
+        outfile.write('}')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8727ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/svg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.svg
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for SVG output.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt
+
+__all__ = ['SvgFormatter']
+
+
+def escape_html(text):
+    """Escape &, <, > as well as single and double quotes for HTML."""
+    return text.replace('&', '&amp;').  \
+                replace('<', '&lt;').   \
+                replace('>', '&gt;').   \
+                replace('"', '&quot;'). \
+                replace("'", '&#39;')
+
+
+class2style = {}
+
+class SvgFormatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens as an SVG graphics file.  This formatter is still experimental.
+    Each line of code is a ``<text>`` element with explicit ``x`` and ``y``
+    coordinates containing ``<tspan>`` elements with the individual token styles.
+
+    By default, this formatter outputs a full SVG document including doctype
+    declaration and the ``<svg>`` root element.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    Additional options accepted:
+
+    `nowrap`
+        Don't wrap the SVG ``<text>`` elements in ``<svg><g>`` elements and
+        don't add a XML declaration and a doctype.  If true, the `fontfamily`
+        and `fontsize` options are ignored.  Defaults to ``False``.
+
+    `fontfamily`
+        The value to give the wrapping ``<g>`` element's ``font-family``
+        attribute, defaults to ``"monospace"``.
+
+    `fontsize`
+        The value to give the wrapping ``<g>`` element's ``font-size``
+        attribute, defaults to ``"14px"``.
+
+    `linenos`
+        If ``True``, add line numbers (default: ``False``).
+
+    `linenostart`
+        The line number for the first line (default: ``1``).
+
+    `linenostep`
+        If set to a number n > 1, only every nth line number is printed.
+        
+    `linenowidth`
+        Maximum width devoted to line numbers (default: ``3*ystep``, sufficient
+        for up to 4-digit line numbers. Increase width for longer code blocks).  
+        
+    `xoffset`
+        Starting offset in X direction, defaults to ``0``.
+
+    `yoffset`
+        Starting offset in Y direction, defaults to the font size if it is given
+        in pixels, or ``20`` else.  (This is necessary since text coordinates
+        refer to the text baseline, not the top edge.)
+
+    `ystep`
+        Offset to add to the Y coordinate for each subsequent line.  This should
+        roughly be the text size plus 5.  It defaults to that value if the text
+        size is given in pixels, or ``25`` else.
+
+    `spacehack`
+        Convert spaces in the source to ``&#160;``, which are non-breaking
+        spaces.  SVG provides the ``xml:space`` attribute to control how
+        whitespace inside tags is handled, in theory, the ``preserve`` value
+        could be used to keep all whitespace as-is.  However, many current SVG
+        viewers don't obey that rule, so this option is provided as a workaround
+        and defaults to ``True``.
+    """
+    name = 'SVG'
+    aliases = ['svg']
+    filenames = ['*.svg']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.nowrap = get_bool_opt(options, 'nowrap', False)
+        self.fontfamily = options.get('fontfamily', 'monospace')
+        self.fontsize = options.get('fontsize', '14px')
+        self.xoffset = get_int_opt(options, 'xoffset', 0)
+        fs = self.fontsize.strip()
+        if fs.endswith('px'): fs = fs[:-2].strip()
+        try:
+            int_fs = int(fs)
+        except:
+            int_fs = 20
+        self.yoffset = get_int_opt(options, 'yoffset', int_fs)
+        self.ystep = get_int_opt(options, 'ystep', int_fs + 5)
+        self.spacehack = get_bool_opt(options, 'spacehack', True)
+        self.linenos = get_bool_opt(options,'linenos',False)
+        self.linenostart = get_int_opt(options,'linenostart',1)
+        self.linenostep = get_int_opt(options,'linenostep',1)
+        self.linenowidth = get_int_opt(options,'linenowidth', 3*self.ystep)
+        self._stylecache = {}
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        """
+        Format ``tokensource``, an iterable of ``(tokentype, tokenstring)``
+        tuples and write it into ``outfile``.
+
+        For our implementation we put all lines in their own 'line group'.
+        """
+        x = self.xoffset
+        y = self.yoffset
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            if self.encoding:
+                outfile.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="%s"?>\n' %
+                              self.encoding)
+            else:
+                outfile.write('<?xml version="1.0"?>\n')
+            outfile.write('<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" '
+                          '"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/'
+                          'svg10.dtd">\n')
+            outfile.write('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n')
+            outfile.write('<g font-family="%s" font-size="%s">\n' %
+                          (self.fontfamily, self.fontsize))
+        
+        counter = self.linenostart 
+        counter_step = self.linenostep
+        counter_style = self._get_style(Comment)
+        line_x = x
+        
+        if self.linenos:
+            if counter % counter_step == 0:
+                outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" %s text-anchor="end">%s</text>' %
+                    (x+self.linenowidth,y,counter_style,counter))
+            line_x += self.linenowidth + self.ystep
+            counter += 1
+
+        outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" xml:space="preserve">' % (line_x, y))
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            style = self._get_style(ttype)
+            tspan = style and '<tspan' + style + '>' or ''
+            tspanend = tspan and '</tspan>' or ''
+            value = escape_html(value)
+            if self.spacehack:
+                value = value.expandtabs().replace(' ', '&#160;')
+            parts = value.split('\n')
+            for part in parts[:-1]:
+                outfile.write(tspan + part + tspanend)
+                y += self.ystep
+                outfile.write('</text>\n')
+                if self.linenos and counter % counter_step == 0:
+                    outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" text-anchor="end" %s>%s</text>' %
+                        (x+self.linenowidth,y,counter_style,counter))
+                
+                counter += 1
+                outfile.write('<text x="%s" y="%s" ' 'xml:space="preserve">' % (line_x,y))
+            outfile.write(tspan + parts[-1] + tspanend)
+        outfile.write('</text>')
+
+        if not self.nowrap:
+            outfile.write('</g></svg>\n')
+
+    def _get_style(self, tokentype):
+        if tokentype in self._stylecache:
+            return self._stylecache[tokentype]
+        otokentype = tokentype
+        while not self.style.styles_token(tokentype):
+            tokentype = tokentype.parent
+        value = self.style.style_for_token(tokentype)
+        result = ''
+        if value['color']:
+            result = ' fill="#' + value['color'] + '"'
+        if value['bold']:
+            result += ' font-weight="bold"'
+        if value['italic']:
+            result += ' font-style="italic"'
+        self._stylecache[otokentype] = result
+        return result
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abb8770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.terminal
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for terminal output with ANSI sequences.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+    Number, Operator, Generic, Token, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import ansiformat
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_choice_opt
+
+
+__all__ = ['TerminalFormatter']
+
+
+#: Map token types to a tuple of color values for light and dark
+#: backgrounds.
+TERMINAL_COLORS = {
+    Token:              ('',            ''),
+
+    Whitespace:         ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment:            ('gray',   'brightblack'),
+    Comment.Preproc:    ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Keyword:            ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+    Keyword.Type:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Operator.Word:      ('magenta',      'brightmagenta'),
+    Name.Builtin:       ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Function:      ('green',   'brightgreen'),
+    Name.Namespace:     ('_cyan_',      '_brightcyan_'),
+    Name.Class:         ('_green_', '_brightgreen_'),
+    Name.Exception:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Decorator:     ('brightblack',    'gray'),
+    Name.Variable:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Constant:      ('red',     'brightred'),
+    Name.Attribute:     ('cyan',        'brightcyan'),
+    Name.Tag:           ('brightblue',        'brightblue'),
+    String:             ('yellow',       'yellow'),
+    Number:             ('blue',    'brightblue'),
+
+    Generic.Deleted:    ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+    Generic.Inserted:   ('green',  'brightgreen'),
+    Generic.Heading:    ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Subheading: ('*magenta*',   '*brightmagenta*'),
+    Generic.Prompt:     ('**',         '**'),
+    Generic.Error:      ('brightred',        'brightred'),
+
+    Error:              ('_brightred_',      '_brightred_'),
+}
+
+
+class TerminalFormatter(Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a text console.
+    Color sequences are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output
+    works correctly.
+
+    The `get_style_defs()` method doesn't do anything special since there is
+    no support for common styles.
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `bg`
+        Set to ``"light"`` or ``"dark"`` depending on the terminal's background
+        (default: ``"light"``).
+
+    `colorscheme`
+        A dictionary mapping token types to (lightbg, darkbg) color names or
+        ``None`` (default: ``None`` = use builtin colorscheme).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers on the terminal output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'Terminal'
+    aliases = ['terminal', 'console']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+        self.darkbg = get_choice_opt(options, 'bg',
+                                     ['light', 'dark'], 'light') == 'dark'
+        self.colorscheme = options.get('colorscheme', None) or TERMINAL_COLORS
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        return Formatter.format(self, tokensource, outfile)
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s%04d: " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+    def _get_color(self, ttype):
+        # self.colorscheme is a dict containing usually generic types, so we
+        # have to walk the tree of dots.  The base Token type must be a key,
+        # even if it's empty string, as in the default above.
+        colors = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+        while colors is None:
+            ttype = ttype.parent
+            colors = self.colorscheme.get(ttype)
+        return colors[self.darkbg]
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            color = self._get_color(ttype)
+
+            for line in value.splitlines(True):
+                if color:
+                    outfile.write(ansiformat(color, line.rstrip('\n')))
+                else:
+                    outfile.write(line.rstrip('\n'))
+                if line.endswith('\n'):
+                    if self.linenos:
+                        self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                    else:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            outfile.write("\n")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cfe5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/formatters/terminal256.py
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+"""
+    pygments.formatters.terminal256
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Formatter for 256-color terminal output with ANSI sequences.
+
+    RGB-to-XTERM color conversion routines adapted from xterm256-conv
+    tool (http://frexx.de/xterm-256-notes/data/xterm256-conv2.tar.bz2)
+    by Wolfgang Frisch.
+
+    Formatter version 1.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+# TODO:
+#  - Options to map style's bold/underline/italic/border attributes
+#    to some ANSI attrbutes (something like 'italic=underline')
+#  - An option to output "style RGB to xterm RGB/index" conversion table
+#  - An option to indicate that we are running in "reverse background"
+#    xterm. This means that default colors are white-on-black, not
+#    black-on-while, so colors like "white background" need to be converted
+#    to "white background, black foreground", etc...
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.formatter import Formatter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.console import codes
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import ansicolors
+
+
+__all__ = ['Terminal256Formatter', 'TerminalTrueColorFormatter']
+
+
+class EscapeSequence:
+    def __init__(self, fg=None, bg=None, bold=False, underline=False, italic=False):
+        self.fg = fg
+        self.bg = bg
+        self.bold = bold
+        self.underline = underline
+        self.italic = italic
+
+    def escape(self, attrs):
+        if len(attrs):
+            return "\x1b[" + ";".join(attrs) + "m"
+        return ""
+
+    def color_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg is not None:
+            if self.fg in ansicolors:
+                esc = codes[self.fg.replace('ansi','')]
+                if ';01m' in esc:
+                    self.bold = True
+                # extract fg color code.
+                attrs.append(esc[2:4])
+            else:
+                attrs.extend(("38", "5", "%i" % self.fg))
+        if self.bg is not None:
+            if self.bg in ansicolors:
+                esc = codes[self.bg.replace('ansi','')]
+                # extract fg color code, add 10 for bg.
+                attrs.append(str(int(esc[2:4])+10))
+            else:
+                attrs.extend(("48", "5", "%i" % self.bg))
+        if self.bold:
+            attrs.append("01")
+        if self.underline:
+            attrs.append("04")
+        if self.italic:
+            attrs.append("03")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+    def true_color_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg:
+            attrs.extend(("38", "2", str(self.fg[0]), str(self.fg[1]), str(self.fg[2])))
+        if self.bg:
+            attrs.extend(("48", "2", str(self.bg[0]), str(self.bg[1]), str(self.bg[2])))
+        if self.bold:
+            attrs.append("01")
+        if self.underline:
+            attrs.append("04")
+        if self.italic:
+            attrs.append("03")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+    def reset_string(self):
+        attrs = []
+        if self.fg is not None:
+            attrs.append("39")
+        if self.bg is not None:
+            attrs.append("49")
+        if self.bold or self.underline or self.italic:
+            attrs.append("00")
+        return self.escape(attrs)
+
+
+class Terminal256Formatter(Formatter):
+    """
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a 256-color
+    terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences
+    are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.
+
+    The formatter takes colors from a style defined by the `style` option
+    and converts them to nearest ANSI 256-color escape sequences. Bold and
+    underline attributes from the style are preserved (and displayed).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.9
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.2
+       If the used style defines foreground colors in the form ``#ansi*``, then
+       `Terminal256Formatter` will map these to non extended foreground color.
+       See :ref:`AnsiTerminalStyle` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.4
+       The ANSI color names have been updated with names that are easier to
+       understand and align with colornames of other projects and terminals.
+       See :ref:`this table <new-ansi-color-names>` for more information.
+
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+
+    `linenos`
+        Set to ``True`` to have line numbers on the terminal output as well
+        (default: ``False`` = no line numbers).
+    """
+    name = 'Terminal256'
+    aliases = ['terminal256', 'console256', '256']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        Formatter.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        self.xterm_colors = []
+        self.best_match = {}
+        self.style_string = {}
+
+        self.usebold = 'nobold' not in options
+        self.useunderline = 'nounderline' not in options
+        self.useitalic = 'noitalic' not in options
+
+        self._build_color_table()  # build an RGB-to-256 color conversion table
+        self._setup_styles()  # convert selected style's colors to term. colors
+
+        self.linenos = options.get('linenos', False)
+        self._lineno = 0
+
+    def _build_color_table(self):
+        # colors 0..15: 16 basic colors
+
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0x00, 0x00))  # 0
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0x00, 0x00))  # 1
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xcd, 0x00))  # 2
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0xcd, 0x00))  # 3
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0x00, 0xee))  # 4
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xcd, 0x00, 0xcd))  # 5
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xcd, 0xcd))  # 6
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xe5, 0xe5, 0xe5))  # 7
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x7f, 0x7f, 0x7f))  # 8
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0x00, 0x00))  # 9
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xff, 0x00))  # 10
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0xff, 0x00))  # 11
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x5c, 0x5c, 0xff))  # 12
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0x00, 0xff))  # 13
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0x00, 0xff, 0xff))  # 14
+        self.xterm_colors.append((0xff, 0xff, 0xff))  # 15
+
+        # colors 16..232: the 6x6x6 color cube
+
+        valuerange = (0x00, 0x5f, 0x87, 0xaf, 0xd7, 0xff)
+
+        for i in range(217):
+            r = valuerange[(i // 36) % 6]
+            g = valuerange[(i // 6) % 6]
+            b = valuerange[i % 6]
+            self.xterm_colors.append((r, g, b))
+
+        # colors 233..253: grayscale
+
+        for i in range(1, 22):
+            v = 8 + i * 10
+            self.xterm_colors.append((v, v, v))
+
+    def _closest_color(self, r, g, b):
+        distance = 257*257*3  # "infinity" (>distance from #000000 to #ffffff)
+        match = 0
+
+        for i in range(0, 254):
+            values = self.xterm_colors[i]
+
+            rd = r - values[0]
+            gd = g - values[1]
+            bd = b - values[2]
+            d = rd*rd + gd*gd + bd*bd
+
+            if d < distance:
+                match = i
+                distance = d
+        return match
+
+    def _color_index(self, color):
+        index = self.best_match.get(color, None)
+        if color in ansicolors:
+            # strip the `ansi/#ansi` part and look up code
+            index = color
+            self.best_match[color] = index
+        if index is None:
+            try:
+                rgb = int(str(color), 16)
+            except ValueError:
+                rgb = 0
+
+            r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff
+            g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff
+            b = rgb & 0xff
+            index = self._closest_color(r, g, b)
+            self.best_match[color] = index
+        return index
+
+    def _setup_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            escape = EscapeSequence()
+            # get foreground from ansicolor if set
+            if ndef['ansicolor']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_index(ndef['ansicolor'])
+            elif ndef['color']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_index(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bgansicolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_index(ndef['bgansicolor'])
+            elif ndef['bgcolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_index(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if self.usebold and ndef['bold']:
+                escape.bold = True
+            if self.useunderline and ndef['underline']:
+                escape.underline = True
+            if self.useitalic and ndef['italic']:
+                escape.italic = True
+            self.style_string[str(ttype)] = (escape.color_string(),
+                                             escape.reset_string())
+
+    def _write_lineno(self, outfile):
+        self._lineno += 1
+        outfile.write("%s%04d: " % (self._lineno != 1 and '\n' or '', self._lineno))
+
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        return Formatter.format(self, tokensource, outfile)
+
+    def format_unencoded(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        if self.linenos:
+            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+
+        for ttype, value in tokensource:
+            not_found = True
+            while ttype and not_found:
+                try:
+                    # outfile.write( "<" + str(ttype) + ">" )
+                    on, off = self.style_string[str(ttype)]
+
+                    # Like TerminalFormatter, add "reset colors" escape sequence
+                    # on newline.
+                    spl = value.split('\n')
+                    for line in spl[:-1]:
+                        if line:
+                            outfile.write(on + line + off)
+                        if self.linenos:
+                            self._write_lineno(outfile)
+                        else:
+                            outfile.write('\n')
+
+                    if spl[-1]:
+                        outfile.write(on + spl[-1] + off)
+
+                    not_found = False
+                    # outfile.write( '#' + str(ttype) + '#' )
+
+                except KeyError:
+                    # ottype = ttype
+                    ttype = ttype.parent
+                    # outfile.write( '!' + str(ottype) + '->' + str(ttype) + '!' )
+
+            if not_found:
+                outfile.write(value)
+
+        if self.linenos:
+            outfile.write("\n")
+
+
+
+class TerminalTrueColorFormatter(Terminal256Formatter):
+    r"""
+    Format tokens with ANSI color sequences, for output in a true-color
+    terminal or console.  Like in `TerminalFormatter` color sequences
+    are terminated at newlines, so that paging the output works correctly.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    Options accepted:
+
+    `style`
+        The style to use, can be a string or a Style subclass (default:
+        ``'default'``).
+    """
+    name = 'TerminalTrueColor'
+    aliases = ['terminal16m', 'console16m', '16m']
+    filenames = []
+
+    def _build_color_table(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _color_tuple(self, color):
+        try:
+            rgb = int(str(color), 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff
+        g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff
+        b = rgb & 0xff
+        return (r, g, b)
+
+    def _setup_styles(self):
+        for ttype, ndef in self.style:
+            escape = EscapeSequence()
+            if ndef['color']:
+                escape.fg = self._color_tuple(ndef['color'])
+            if ndef['bgcolor']:
+                escape.bg = self._color_tuple(ndef['bgcolor'])
+            if self.usebold and ndef['bold']:
+                escape.bold = True
+            if self.useunderline and ndef['underline']:
+                escape.underline = True
+            if self.useitalic and ndef['italic']:
+                escape.italic = True
+            self.style_string[str(ttype)] = (escape.true_color_string(),
+                                             escape.reset_string())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb2c1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexer
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Base lexer classes.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filter import apply_filters, Filter
+from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import get_filter_by_name
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Error, Text, Other, Whitespace, _TokenType
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, get_int_opt, get_list_opt, \
+    make_analysator, Future, guess_decode
+from pip._vendor.pygments.regexopt import regex_opt
+
+__all__ = ['Lexer', 'RegexLexer', 'ExtendedRegexLexer', 'DelegatingLexer',
+           'LexerContext', 'include', 'inherit', 'bygroups', 'using', 'this',
+           'default', 'words', 'line_re']
+
+line_re = re.compile('.*?\n')
+
+_encoding_map = [(b'\xef\xbb\xbf', 'utf-8'),
+                 (b'\xff\xfe\0\0', 'utf-32'),
+                 (b'\0\0\xfe\xff', 'utf-32be'),
+                 (b'\xff\xfe', 'utf-16'),
+                 (b'\xfe\xff', 'utf-16be')]
+
+_default_analyse = staticmethod(lambda x: 0.0)
+
+
+class LexerMeta(type):
+    """
+    This metaclass automagically converts ``analyse_text`` methods into
+    static methods which always return float values.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, d):
+        if 'analyse_text' in d:
+            d['analyse_text'] = make_analysator(d['analyse_text'])
+        return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, d)
+
+
+class Lexer(metaclass=LexerMeta):
+    """
+    Lexer for a specific language.
+
+    See also :doc:`lexerdevelopment`, a high-level guide to writing
+    lexers.
+
+    Lexer classes have attributes used for choosing the most appropriate
+    lexer based on various criteria.
+
+    .. autoattribute:: name
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: aliases
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: filenames
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: alias_filenames
+    .. autoattribute:: mimetypes
+       :no-value:
+    .. autoattribute:: priority
+
+    Lexers included in Pygments should have an additional attribute:
+
+    .. autoattribute:: url
+       :no-value:
+
+    You can pass options to the constructor. The basic options recognized
+    by all lexers and processed by the base `Lexer` class are:
+
+    ``stripnl``
+        Strip leading and trailing newlines from the input (default: True).
+    ``stripall``
+        Strip all leading and trailing whitespace from the input
+        (default: False).
+    ``ensurenl``
+        Make sure that the input ends with a newline (default: True).  This
+        is required for some lexers that consume input linewise.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.3
+
+    ``tabsize``
+        If given and greater than 0, expand tabs in the input (default: 0).
+    ``encoding``
+        If given, must be an encoding name. This encoding will be used to
+        convert the input string to Unicode, if it is not already a Unicode
+        string (default: ``'guess'``, which uses a simple UTF-8 / Locale /
+        Latin1 detection.  Can also be ``'chardet'`` to use the chardet
+        library, if it is installed.
+    ``inencoding``
+        Overrides the ``encoding`` if given.
+    """
+
+    #: Full name of the lexer, in human-readable form
+    name = None
+
+    #: A list of short, unique identifiers that can be used to look
+    #: up the lexer from a list, e.g., using `get_lexer_by_name()`.
+    aliases = []
+
+    #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which contain
+    #: content for this lexer. The patterns in this list should be unique among
+    #: all lexers.
+    filenames = []
+
+    #: A list of `fnmatch` patterns that match filenames which may or may not
+    #: contain content for this lexer. This list is used by the
+    #: :func:`.guess_lexer_for_filename()` function, to determine which lexers
+    #: are then included in guessing the correct one. That means that
+    #: e.g. every lexer for HTML and a template language should include
+    #: ``\*.html`` in this list.
+    alias_filenames = []
+
+    #: A list of MIME types for content that can be lexed with this lexer.
+    mimetypes = []
+
+    #: Priority, should multiple lexers match and no content is provided
+    priority = 0
+
+    #: URL of the language specification/definition. Used in the Pygments
+    #: documentation.
+    url = None
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        """
+        This constructor takes arbitrary options as keyword arguments.
+        Every subclass must first process its own options and then call
+        the `Lexer` constructor, since it processes the basic
+        options like `stripnl`.
+
+        An example looks like this:
+
+        .. sourcecode:: python
+
+           def __init__(self, **options):
+               self.compress = options.get('compress', '')
+               Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+        As these options must all be specifiable as strings (due to the
+        command line usage), there are various utility functions
+        available to help with that, see `Utilities`_.
+        """
+        self.options = options
+        self.stripnl = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripnl', True)
+        self.stripall = get_bool_opt(options, 'stripall', False)
+        self.ensurenl = get_bool_opt(options, 'ensurenl', True)
+        self.tabsize = get_int_opt(options, 'tabsize', 0)
+        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'guess')
+        self.encoding = options.get('inencoding') or self.encoding
+        self.filters = []
+        for filter_ in get_list_opt(options, 'filters', ()):
+            self.add_filter(filter_)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.options:
+            return '<pygments.lexers.%s with %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                                     self.options)
+        else:
+            return '<pygments.lexers.%s>' % self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def add_filter(self, filter_, **options):
+        """
+        Add a new stream filter to this lexer.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(filter_, Filter):
+            filter_ = get_filter_by_name(filter_, **options)
+        self.filters.append(filter_)
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        """
+        A static method which is called for lexer guessing.
+
+        It should analyse the text and return a float in the range
+        from ``0.0`` to ``1.0``.  If it returns ``0.0``, the lexer
+        will not be selected as the most probable one, if it returns
+        ``1.0``, it will be selected immediately.  This is used by
+        `guess_lexer`.
+
+        The `LexerMeta` metaclass automatically wraps this function so
+        that it works like a static method (no ``self`` or ``cls``
+        parameter) and the return value is automatically converted to
+        `float`. If the return value is an object that is boolean `False`
+        it's the same as if the return values was ``0.0``.
+        """
+
+    def get_tokens(self, text, unfiltered=False):
+        """
+        This method is the basic interface of a lexer. It is called by
+        the `highlight()` function. It must process the text and return an
+        iterable of ``(tokentype, value)`` pairs from `text`.
+
+        Normally, you don't need to override this method. The default
+        implementation processes the options recognized by all lexers
+        (`stripnl`, `stripall` and so on), and then yields all tokens
+        from `get_tokens_unprocessed()`, with the ``index`` dropped.
+
+        If `unfiltered` is set to `True`, the filtering mechanism is
+        bypassed even if filters are defined.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            if self.encoding == 'guess':
+                text, _ = guess_decode(text)
+            elif self.encoding == 'chardet':
+                try:
+                    from pip._vendor import chardet
+                except ImportError as e:
+                    raise ImportError('To enable chardet encoding guessing, '
+                                      'please install the chardet library '
+                                      'from http://chardet.feedparser.org/') from e
+                # check for BOM first
+                decoded = None
+                for bom, encoding in _encoding_map:
+                    if text.startswith(bom):
+                        decoded = text[len(bom):].decode(encoding, 'replace')
+                        break
+                # no BOM found, so use chardet
+                if decoded is None:
+                    enc = chardet.detect(text[:1024])  # Guess using first 1KB
+                    decoded = text.decode(enc.get('encoding') or 'utf-8',
+                                          'replace')
+                text = decoded
+            else:
+                text = text.decode(self.encoding)
+                if text.startswith('\ufeff'):
+                    text = text[len('\ufeff'):]
+        else:
+            if text.startswith('\ufeff'):
+                text = text[len('\ufeff'):]
+
+        # text now *is* a unicode string
+        text = text.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+        text = text.replace('\r', '\n')
+        if self.stripall:
+            text = text.strip()
+        elif self.stripnl:
+            text = text.strip('\n')
+        if self.tabsize > 0:
+            text = text.expandtabs(self.tabsize)
+        if self.ensurenl and not text.endswith('\n'):
+            text += '\n'
+
+        def streamer():
+            for _, t, v in self.get_tokens_unprocessed(text):
+                yield t, v
+        stream = streamer()
+        if not unfiltered:
+            stream = apply_filters(stream, self.filters, self)
+        return stream
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        """
+        This method should process the text and return an iterable of
+        ``(index, tokentype, value)`` tuples where ``index`` is the starting
+        position of the token within the input text.
+
+        It must be overridden by subclasses. It is recommended to
+        implement it as a generator to maximize effectiveness.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class DelegatingLexer(Lexer):
+    """
+    This lexer takes two lexer as arguments. A root lexer and
+    a language lexer. First everything is scanned using the language
+    lexer, afterwards all ``Other`` tokens are lexed using the root
+    lexer.
+
+    The lexers from the ``template`` lexer package use this base lexer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, _root_lexer, _language_lexer, _needle=Other, **options):
+        self.root_lexer = _root_lexer(**options)
+        self.language_lexer = _language_lexer(**options)
+        self.needle = _needle
+        Lexer.__init__(self, **options)
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        buffered = ''
+        insertions = []
+        lng_buffer = []
+        for i, t, v in self.language_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(text):
+            if t is self.needle:
+                if lng_buffer:
+                    insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer))
+                    lng_buffer = []
+                buffered += v
+            else:
+                lng_buffer.append((i, t, v))
+        if lng_buffer:
+            insertions.append((len(buffered), lng_buffer))
+        return do_insertions(insertions,
+                             self.root_lexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(buffered))
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# RegexLexer and ExtendedRegexLexer
+#
+
+
+class include(str):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """
+    Indicates that a state should include rules from another state.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class _inherit:
+    """
+    Indicates the a state should inherit from its superclass.
+    """
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'inherit'
+
+inherit = _inherit()  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+
+
+class combined(tuple):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    """
+    Indicates a state combined from multiple states.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args):
+        return tuple.__new__(cls, args)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        # tuple.__init__ doesn't do anything
+        pass
+
+
+class _PseudoMatch:
+    """
+    A pseudo match object constructed from a string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, start, text):
+        self._text = text
+        self._start = start
+
+    def start(self, arg=None):
+        return self._start
+
+    def end(self, arg=None):
+        return self._start + len(self._text)
+
+    def group(self, arg=None):
+        if arg:
+            raise IndexError('No such group')
+        return self._text
+
+    def groups(self):
+        return (self._text,)
+
+    def groupdict(self):
+        return {}
+
+
+def bygroups(*args):
+    """
+    Callback that yields multiple actions for each group in the match.
+    """
+    def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+        for i, action in enumerate(args):
+            if action is None:
+                continue
+            elif type(action) is _TokenType:
+                data = match.group(i + 1)
+                if data:
+                    yield match.start(i + 1), action, data
+            else:
+                data = match.group(i + 1)
+                if data is not None:
+                    if ctx:
+                        ctx.pos = match.start(i + 1)
+                    for item in action(lexer,
+                                       _PseudoMatch(match.start(i + 1), data), ctx):
+                        if item:
+                            yield item
+        if ctx:
+            ctx.pos = match.end()
+    return callback
+
+
+class _This:
+    """
+    Special singleton used for indicating the caller class.
+    Used by ``using``.
+    """
+
+this = _This()
+
+
+def using(_other, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Callback that processes the match with a different lexer.
+
+    The keyword arguments are forwarded to the lexer, except `state` which
+    is handled separately.
+
+    `state` specifies the state that the new lexer will start in, and can
+    be an enumerable such as ('root', 'inline', 'string') or a simple
+    string which is assumed to be on top of the root state.
+
+    Note: For that to work, `_other` must not be an `ExtendedRegexLexer`.
+    """
+    gt_kwargs = {}
+    if 'state' in kwargs:
+        s = kwargs.pop('state')
+        if isinstance(s, (list, tuple)):
+            gt_kwargs['stack'] = s
+        else:
+            gt_kwargs['stack'] = ('root', s)
+
+    if _other is this:
+        def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+            # if keyword arguments are given the callback
+            # function has to create a new lexer instance
+            if kwargs:
+                # XXX: cache that somehow
+                kwargs.update(lexer.options)
+                lx = lexer.__class__(**kwargs)
+            else:
+                lx = lexer
+            s = match.start()
+            for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs):
+                yield i + s, t, v
+            if ctx:
+                ctx.pos = match.end()
+    else:
+        def callback(lexer, match, ctx=None):
+            # XXX: cache that somehow
+            kwargs.update(lexer.options)
+            lx = _other(**kwargs)
+
+            s = match.start()
+            for i, t, v in lx.get_tokens_unprocessed(match.group(), **gt_kwargs):
+                yield i + s, t, v
+            if ctx:
+                ctx.pos = match.end()
+    return callback
+
+
+class default:
+    """
+    Indicates a state or state action (e.g. #pop) to apply.
+    For example default('#pop') is equivalent to ('', Token, '#pop')
+    Note that state tuples may be used as well.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, state):
+        self.state = state
+
+
+class words(Future):
+    """
+    Indicates a list of literal words that is transformed into an optimized
+    regex that matches any of the words.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+    def __init__(self, words, prefix='', suffix=''):
+        self.words = words
+        self.prefix = prefix
+        self.suffix = suffix
+
+    def get(self):
+        return regex_opt(self.words, prefix=self.prefix, suffix=self.suffix)
+
+
+class RegexLexerMeta(LexerMeta):
+    """
+    Metaclass for RegexLexer, creates the self._tokens attribute from
+    self.tokens on the first instantiation.
+    """
+
+    def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state):
+        """Preprocess the regular expression component of a token definition."""
+        if isinstance(regex, Future):
+            regex = regex.get()
+        return re.compile(regex, rflags).match
+
+    def _process_token(cls, token):
+        """Preprocess the token component of a token definition."""
+        assert type(token) is _TokenType or callable(token), \
+            'token type must be simple type or callable, not %r' % (token,)
+        return token
+
+    def _process_new_state(cls, new_state, unprocessed, processed):
+        """Preprocess the state transition action of a token definition."""
+        if isinstance(new_state, str):
+            # an existing state
+            if new_state == '#pop':
+                return -1
+            elif new_state in unprocessed:
+                return (new_state,)
+            elif new_state == '#push':
+                return new_state
+            elif new_state[:5] == '#pop:':
+                return -int(new_state[5:])
+            else:
+                assert False, 'unknown new state %r' % new_state
+        elif isinstance(new_state, combined):
+            # combine a new state from existing ones
+            tmp_state = '_tmp_%d' % cls._tmpname
+            cls._tmpname += 1
+            itokens = []
+            for istate in new_state:
+                assert istate != new_state, 'circular state ref %r' % istate
+                itokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed,
+                                                  processed, istate))
+            processed[tmp_state] = itokens
+            return (tmp_state,)
+        elif isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+            # push more than one state
+            for istate in new_state:
+                assert (istate in unprocessed or
+                        istate in ('#pop', '#push')), \
+                    'unknown new state ' + istate
+            return new_state
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown new state def %r' % new_state
+
+    def _process_state(cls, unprocessed, processed, state):
+        """Preprocess a single state definition."""
+        assert type(state) is str, "wrong state name %r" % state
+        assert state[0] != '#', "invalid state name %r" % state
+        if state in processed:
+            return processed[state]
+        tokens = processed[state] = []
+        rflags = cls.flags
+        for tdef in unprocessed[state]:
+            if isinstance(tdef, include):
+                # it's a state reference
+                assert tdef != state, "circular state reference %r" % state
+                tokens.extend(cls._process_state(unprocessed, processed,
+                                                 str(tdef)))
+                continue
+            if isinstance(tdef, _inherit):
+                # should be processed already, but may not in the case of:
+                # 1. the state has no counterpart in any parent
+                # 2. the state includes more than one 'inherit'
+                continue
+            if isinstance(tdef, default):
+                new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef.state, unprocessed, processed)
+                tokens.append((re.compile('').match, None, new_state))
+                continue
+
+            assert type(tdef) is tuple, "wrong rule def %r" % tdef
+
+            try:
+                rex = cls._process_regex(tdef[0], rflags, state)
+            except Exception as err:
+                raise ValueError("uncompilable regex %r in state %r of %r: %s" %
+                                 (tdef[0], state, cls, err)) from err
+
+            token = cls._process_token(tdef[1])
+
+            if len(tdef) == 2:
+                new_state = None
+            else:
+                new_state = cls._process_new_state(tdef[2],
+                                                   unprocessed, processed)
+
+            tokens.append((rex, token, new_state))
+        return tokens
+
+    def process_tokendef(cls, name, tokendefs=None):
+        """Preprocess a dictionary of token definitions."""
+        processed = cls._all_tokens[name] = {}
+        tokendefs = tokendefs or cls.tokens[name]
+        for state in list(tokendefs):
+            cls._process_state(tokendefs, processed, state)
+        return processed
+
+    def get_tokendefs(cls):
+        """
+        Merge tokens from superclasses in MRO order, returning a single tokendef
+        dictionary.
+
+        Any state that is not defined by a subclass will be inherited
+        automatically.  States that *are* defined by subclasses will, by
+        default, override that state in the superclass.  If a subclass wishes to
+        inherit definitions from a superclass, it can use the special value
+        "inherit", which will cause the superclass' state definition to be
+        included at that point in the state.
+        """
+        tokens = {}
+        inheritable = {}
+        for c in cls.__mro__:
+            toks = c.__dict__.get('tokens', {})
+
+            for state, items in toks.items():
+                curitems = tokens.get(state)
+                if curitems is None:
+                    # N.b. because this is assigned by reference, sufficiently
+                    # deep hierarchies are processed incrementally (e.g. for
+                    # A(B), B(C), C(RegexLexer), B will be premodified so X(B)
+                    # will not see any inherits in B).
+                    tokens[state] = items
+                    try:
+                        inherit_ndx = items.index(inherit)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        continue
+                    inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx
+                    continue
+
+                inherit_ndx = inheritable.pop(state, None)
+                if inherit_ndx is None:
+                    continue
+
+                # Replace the "inherit" value with the items
+                curitems[inherit_ndx:inherit_ndx+1] = items
+                try:
+                    # N.b. this is the index in items (that is, the superclass
+                    # copy), so offset required when storing below.
+                    new_inh_ndx = items.index(inherit)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    inheritable[state] = inherit_ndx + new_inh_ndx
+
+        return tokens
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+        """Instantiate cls after preprocessing its token definitions."""
+        if '_tokens' not in cls.__dict__:
+            cls._all_tokens = {}
+            cls._tmpname = 0
+            if hasattr(cls, 'token_variants') and cls.token_variants:
+                # don't process yet
+                pass
+            else:
+                cls._tokens = cls.process_tokendef('', cls.get_tokendefs())
+
+        return type.__call__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+
+
+class RegexLexer(Lexer, metaclass=RegexLexerMeta):
+    """
+    Base for simple stateful regular expression-based lexers.
+    Simplifies the lexing process so that you need only
+    provide a list of states and regular expressions.
+    """
+
+    #: Flags for compiling the regular expressions.
+    #: Defaults to MULTILINE.
+    flags = re.MULTILINE
+
+    #: At all time there is a stack of states. Initially, the stack contains
+    #: a single state 'root'. The top of the stack is called "the current state".
+    #:
+    #: Dict of ``{'state': [(regex, tokentype, new_state), ...], ...}``
+    #:
+    #: ``new_state`` can be omitted to signify no state transition.
+    #: If ``new_state`` is a string, it is pushed on the stack. This ensure
+    #: the new current state is ``new_state``.
+    #: If ``new_state`` is a tuple of strings, all of those strings are pushed
+    #: on the stack and the current state will be the last element of the list.
+    #: ``new_state`` can also be ``combined('state1', 'state2', ...)``
+    #: to signify a new, anonymous state combined from the rules of two
+    #: or more existing ones.
+    #: Furthermore, it can be '#pop' to signify going back one step in
+    #: the state stack, or '#push' to push the current state on the stack
+    #: again. Note that if you push while in a combined state, the combined
+    #: state itself is pushed, and not only the state in which the rule is
+    #: defined.
+    #:
+    #: The tuple can also be replaced with ``include('state')``, in which
+    #: case the rules from the state named by the string are included in the
+    #: current one.
+    tokens = {}
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)):
+        """
+        Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs.
+
+        ``stack`` is the initial stack (default: ``['root']``)
+        """
+        pos = 0
+        tokendefs = self._tokens
+        statestack = list(stack)
+        statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]]
+        while 1:
+            for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = rexmatch(text, pos)
+                if m:
+                    if action is not None:
+                        if type(action) is _TokenType:
+                            yield pos, action, m.group()
+                        else:
+                            yield from action(self, m)
+                    pos = m.end()
+                    if new_state is not None:
+                        # state transition
+                        if isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+                            for state in new_state:
+                                if state == '#pop':
+                                    if len(statestack) > 1:
+                                        statestack.pop()
+                                elif state == '#push':
+                                    statestack.append(statestack[-1])
+                                else:
+                                    statestack.append(state)
+                        elif isinstance(new_state, int):
+                            # pop, but keep at least one state on the stack
+                            # (random code leading to unexpected pops should
+                            # not allow exceptions)
+                            if abs(new_state) >= len(statestack):
+                                del statestack[1:]
+                            else:
+                                del statestack[new_state:]
+                        elif new_state == '#push':
+                            statestack.append(statestack[-1])
+                        else:
+                            assert False, "wrong state def: %r" % new_state
+                        statetokens = tokendefs[statestack[-1]]
+                    break
+            else:
+                # We are here only if all state tokens have been considered
+                # and there was not a match on any of them.
+                try:
+                    if text[pos] == '\n':
+                        # at EOL, reset state to "root"
+                        statestack = ['root']
+                        statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+                        yield pos, Whitespace, '\n'
+                        pos += 1
+                        continue
+                    yield pos, Error, text[pos]
+                    pos += 1
+                except IndexError:
+                    break
+
+
+class LexerContext:
+    """
+    A helper object that holds lexer position data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, text, pos, stack=None, end=None):
+        self.text = text
+        self.pos = pos
+        self.end = end or len(text)  # end=0 not supported ;-)
+        self.stack = stack or ['root']
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'LexerContext(%r, %r, %r)' % (
+            self.text, self.pos, self.stack)
+
+
+class ExtendedRegexLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    A RegexLexer that uses a context object to store its state.
+    """
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text=None, context=None):
+        """
+        Split ``text`` into (tokentype, text) pairs.
+        If ``context`` is given, use this lexer context instead.
+        """
+        tokendefs = self._tokens
+        if not context:
+            ctx = LexerContext(text, 0)
+            statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+        else:
+            ctx = context
+            statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+            text = ctx.text
+        while 1:
+            for rexmatch, action, new_state in statetokens:
+                m = rexmatch(text, ctx.pos, ctx.end)
+                if m:
+                    if action is not None:
+                        if type(action) is _TokenType:
+                            yield ctx.pos, action, m.group()
+                            ctx.pos = m.end()
+                        else:
+                            yield from action(self, m, ctx)
+                            if not new_state:
+                                # altered the state stack?
+                                statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+                    # CAUTION: callback must set ctx.pos!
+                    if new_state is not None:
+                        # state transition
+                        if isinstance(new_state, tuple):
+                            for state in new_state:
+                                if state == '#pop':
+                                    if len(ctx.stack) > 1:
+                                        ctx.stack.pop()
+                                elif state == '#push':
+                                    ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1])
+                                else:
+                                    ctx.stack.append(state)
+                        elif isinstance(new_state, int):
+                            # see RegexLexer for why this check is made
+                            if abs(new_state) >= len(ctx.stack):
+                                del ctx.stack[1:]
+                            else:
+                                del ctx.stack[new_state:]
+                        elif new_state == '#push':
+                            ctx.stack.append(ctx.stack[-1])
+                        else:
+                            assert False, "wrong state def: %r" % new_state
+                        statetokens = tokendefs[ctx.stack[-1]]
+                    break
+            else:
+                try:
+                    if ctx.pos >= ctx.end:
+                        break
+                    if text[ctx.pos] == '\n':
+                        # at EOL, reset state to "root"
+                        ctx.stack = ['root']
+                        statetokens = tokendefs['root']
+                        yield ctx.pos, Text, '\n'
+                        ctx.pos += 1
+                        continue
+                    yield ctx.pos, Error, text[ctx.pos]
+                    ctx.pos += 1
+                except IndexError:
+                    break
+
+
+def do_insertions(insertions, tokens):
+    """
+    Helper for lexers which must combine the results of several
+    sublexers.
+
+    ``insertions`` is a list of ``(index, itokens)`` pairs.
+    Each ``itokens`` iterable should be inserted at position
+    ``index`` into the token stream given by the ``tokens``
+    argument.
+
+    The result is a combined token stream.
+
+    TODO: clean up the code here.
+    """
+    insertions = iter(insertions)
+    try:
+        index, itokens = next(insertions)
+    except StopIteration:
+        # no insertions
+        yield from tokens
+        return
+
+    realpos = None
+    insleft = True
+
+    # iterate over the token stream where we want to insert
+    # the tokens from the insertion list.
+    for i, t, v in tokens:
+        # first iteration. store the position of first item
+        if realpos is None:
+            realpos = i
+        oldi = 0
+        while insleft and i + len(v) >= index:
+            tmpval = v[oldi:index - i]
+            if tmpval:
+                yield realpos, t, tmpval
+                realpos += len(tmpval)
+            for it_index, it_token, it_value in itokens:
+                yield realpos, it_token, it_value
+                realpos += len(it_value)
+            oldi = index - i
+            try:
+                index, itokens = next(insertions)
+            except StopIteration:
+                insleft = False
+                break  # not strictly necessary
+        if oldi < len(v):
+            yield realpos, t, v[oldi:]
+            realpos += len(v) - oldi
+
+    # leftover tokens
+    while insleft:
+        # no normal tokens, set realpos to zero
+        realpos = realpos or 0
+        for p, t, v in itokens:
+            yield realpos, t, v
+            realpos += len(v)
+        try:
+            index, itokens = next(insertions)
+        except StopIteration:
+            insleft = False
+            break  # not strictly necessary
+
+
+class ProfilingRegexLexerMeta(RegexLexerMeta):
+    """Metaclass for ProfilingRegexLexer, collects regex timing info."""
+
+    def _process_regex(cls, regex, rflags, state):
+        if isinstance(regex, words):
+            rex = regex_opt(regex.words, prefix=regex.prefix,
+                            suffix=regex.suffix)
+        else:
+            rex = regex
+        compiled = re.compile(rex, rflags)
+
+        def match_func(text, pos, endpos=sys.maxsize):
+            info = cls._prof_data[-1].setdefault((state, rex), [0, 0.0])
+            t0 = time.time()
+            res = compiled.match(text, pos, endpos)
+            t1 = time.time()
+            info[0] += 1
+            info[1] += t1 - t0
+            return res
+        return match_func
+
+
+class ProfilingRegexLexer(RegexLexer, metaclass=ProfilingRegexLexerMeta):
+    """Drop-in replacement for RegexLexer that does profiling of its regexes."""
+
+    _prof_data = []
+    _prof_sort_index = 4  # defaults to time per call
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack=('root',)):
+        # this needs to be a stack, since using(this) will produce nested calls
+        self.__class__._prof_data.append({})
+        yield from RegexLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text, stack)
+        rawdata = self.__class__._prof_data.pop()
+        data = sorted(((s, repr(r).strip('u\'').replace('\\\\', '\\')[:65],
+                        n, 1000 * t, 1000 * t / n)
+                       for ((s, r), (n, t)) in rawdata.items()),
+                      key=lambda x: x[self._prof_sort_index],
+                      reverse=True)
+        sum_total = sum(x[3] for x in data)
+
+        print()
+        print('Profiling result for %s lexing %d chars in %.3f ms' %
+              (self.__class__.__name__, len(text), sum_total))
+        print('=' * 110)
+        print('%-20s %-64s ncalls  tottime  percall' % ('state', 'regex'))
+        print('-' * 110)
+        for d in data:
+            print('%-20s %-65s %5d %8.4f %8.4f' % d)
+        print('=' * 110)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d97c3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexers
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments lexers.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import fnmatch
+from os.path import basename
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+from pip._vendor.pygments.modeline import get_filetype_from_buffer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_lexers
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound, guess_decode
+
+COMPAT = {
+    'Python3Lexer': 'PythonLexer',
+    'Python3TracebackLexer': 'PythonTracebackLexer',
+}
+
+__all__ = ['get_lexer_by_name', 'get_lexer_for_filename', 'find_lexer_class',
+           'guess_lexer', 'load_lexer_from_file'] + list(LEXERS) + list(COMPAT)
+
+_lexer_cache = {}
+_pattern_cache = {}
+
+
+def _fn_matches(fn, glob):
+    """Return whether the supplied file name fn matches pattern filename."""
+    if glob not in _pattern_cache:
+        pattern = _pattern_cache[glob] = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(glob))
+        return pattern.match(fn)
+    return _pattern_cache[glob].match(fn)
+
+
+def _load_lexers(module_name):
+    """Load a lexer (and all others in the module too)."""
+    mod = __import__(module_name, None, None, ['__all__'])
+    for lexer_name in mod.__all__:
+        cls = getattr(mod, lexer_name)
+        _lexer_cache[cls.name] = cls
+
+
+def get_all_lexers(plugins=True):
+    """Return a generator of tuples in the form ``(name, aliases,
+    filenames, mimetypes)`` of all know lexers.
+
+    If *plugins* is true (the default), plugin lexers supplied by entrypoints
+    are also returned.  Otherwise, only builtin ones are considered.
+    """
+    for item in LEXERS.values():
+        yield item[1:]
+    if plugins:
+        for lexer in find_plugin_lexers():
+            yield lexer.name, lexer.aliases, lexer.filenames, lexer.mimetypes
+
+
+def find_lexer_class(name):
+    """
+    Return the `Lexer` subclass that with the *name* attribute as given by
+    the *name* argument.
+    """
+    if name in _lexer_cache:
+        return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, lname, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if name == lname:
+            _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if cls.name == name:
+            return cls
+
+
+def find_lexer_class_by_name(_alias):
+    """
+    Return the `Lexer` subclass that has `alias` in its aliases list, without
+    instantiating it.
+
+    Like `get_lexer_by_name`, but does not instantiate the class.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer with that alias is
+    found.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    if not _alias:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if _alias.lower() in aliases:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name]
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _alias.lower() in cls.aliases:
+            return cls
+    raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+
+
+def get_lexer_by_name(_alias, **options):
+    """
+    Return an instance of a `Lexer` subclass that has `alias` in its
+    aliases list. The lexer is given the `options` at its
+    instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer with that alias is
+    found.
+    """
+    if not _alias:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+
+    # lookup builtin lexers
+    for module_name, name, aliases, _, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        if _alias.lower() in aliases:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(module_name)
+            return _lexer_cache[name](**options)
+    # continue with lexers from setuptools entrypoints
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _alias.lower() in cls.aliases:
+            return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for alias %r found' % _alias)
+
+
+def load_lexer_from_file(filename, lexername="CustomLexer", **options):
+    """Load a lexer from a file.
+
+    This method expects a file located relative to the current working
+    directory, which contains a Lexer class. By default, it expects the
+    Lexer to be name CustomLexer; you can specify your own class name
+    as the second argument to this function.
+
+    Users should be very careful with the input, because this method
+    is equivalent to running eval on the input file.
+
+    Raises ClassNotFound if there are any problems importing the Lexer.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.2
+    """
+    try:
+        # This empty dict will contain the namespace for the exec'd file
+        custom_namespace = {}
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+            exec(f.read(), custom_namespace)
+        # Retrieve the class `lexername` from that namespace
+        if lexername not in custom_namespace:
+            raise ClassNotFound('no valid %s class found in %s' %
+                                (lexername, filename))
+        lexer_class = custom_namespace[lexername]
+        # And finally instantiate it with the options
+        return lexer_class(**options)
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('cannot read %s: %s' % (filename, err))
+    except ClassNotFound:
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        raise ClassNotFound('error when loading custom lexer: %s' % err)
+
+
+def find_lexer_class_for_filename(_fn, code=None):
+    """Get a lexer for a filename.
+
+    If multiple lexers match the filename pattern, use ``analyse_text()`` to
+    figure out which one is more appropriate.
+
+    Returns None if not found.
+    """
+    matches = []
+    fn = basename(_fn)
+    for modname, name, _, filenames, _ in LEXERS.values():
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                    _load_lexers(modname)
+                matches.append((_lexer_cache[name], filename))
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        for filename in cls.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matches.append((cls, filename))
+
+    if isinstance(code, bytes):
+        # decode it, since all analyse_text functions expect unicode
+        code = guess_decode(code)
+
+    def get_rating(info):
+        cls, filename = info
+        # explicit patterns get a bonus
+        bonus = '*' not in filename and 0.5 or 0
+        # The class _always_ defines analyse_text because it's included in
+        # the Lexer class.  The default implementation returns None which
+        # gets turned into 0.0.  Run scripts/detect_missing_analyse_text.py
+        # to find lexers which need it overridden.
+        if code:
+            return cls.analyse_text(code) + bonus, cls.__name__
+        return cls.priority + bonus, cls.__name__
+
+    if matches:
+        matches.sort(key=get_rating)
+        # print "Possible lexers, after sort:", matches
+        return matches[-1][0]
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_filename(_fn, code=None, **options):
+    """Get a lexer for a filename.
+
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that has a filename pattern
+    matching `fn`. The lexer is given the `options` at its
+    instantiation.
+
+    Raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no lexer for that filename
+    is found.
+
+    If multiple lexers match the filename pattern, use their ``analyse_text()``
+    methods to figure out which one is more appropriate.
+    """
+    res = find_lexer_class_for_filename(_fn, code)
+    if not res:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for filename %r found' % _fn)
+    return res(**options)
+
+
+def get_lexer_for_mimetype(_mime, **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that has `mime` in its mimetype
+    list. The lexer is given the `options` at its instantiation.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if not lexer for that mimetype
+    is found.
+    """
+    for modname, name, _, _, mimetypes in LEXERS.values():
+        if _mime in mimetypes:
+            if name not in _lexer_cache:
+                _load_lexers(modname)
+            return _lexer_cache[name](**options)
+    for cls in find_plugin_lexers():
+        if _mime in cls.mimetypes:
+            return cls(**options)
+    raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for mimetype %r found' % _mime)
+
+
+def _iter_lexerclasses(plugins=True):
+    """Return an iterator over all lexer classes."""
+    for key in sorted(LEXERS):
+        module_name, name = LEXERS[key][:2]
+        if name not in _lexer_cache:
+            _load_lexers(module_name)
+        yield _lexer_cache[name]
+    if plugins:
+        yield from find_plugin_lexers()
+
+
+def guess_lexer_for_filename(_fn, _text, **options):
+    """
+    As :func:`guess_lexer()`, but only lexers which have a pattern in `filenames`
+    or `alias_filenames` that matches `filename` are taken into consideration.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if no lexer thinks it can
+    handle the content.
+    """
+    fn = basename(_fn)
+    primary = {}
+    matching_lexers = set()
+    for lexer in _iter_lexerclasses():
+        for filename in lexer.filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matching_lexers.add(lexer)
+                primary[lexer] = True
+        for filename in lexer.alias_filenames:
+            if _fn_matches(fn, filename):
+                matching_lexers.add(lexer)
+                primary[lexer] = False
+    if not matching_lexers:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer for filename %r found' % fn)
+    if len(matching_lexers) == 1:
+        return matching_lexers.pop()(**options)
+    result = []
+    for lexer in matching_lexers:
+        rv = lexer.analyse_text(_text)
+        if rv == 1.0:
+            return lexer(**options)
+        result.append((rv, lexer))
+
+    def type_sort(t):
+        # sort by:
+        # - analyse score
+        # - is primary filename pattern?
+        # - priority
+        # - last resort: class name
+        return (t[0], primary[t[1]], t[1].priority, t[1].__name__)
+    result.sort(key=type_sort)
+
+    return result[-1][1](**options)
+
+
+def guess_lexer(_text, **options):
+    """
+    Return a `Lexer` subclass instance that's guessed from the text in
+    `text`. For that, the :meth:`.analyse_text()` method of every known lexer
+    class is called with the text as argument, and the lexer which returned the
+    highest value will be instantiated and returned.
+
+    :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` is raised if no lexer thinks it can
+    handle the content.
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(_text, str):
+        inencoding = options.get('inencoding', options.get('encoding'))
+        if inencoding:
+            _text = _text.decode(inencoding or 'utf8')
+        else:
+            _text, _ = guess_decode(_text)
+
+    # try to get a vim modeline first
+    ft = get_filetype_from_buffer(_text)
+
+    if ft is not None:
+        try:
+            return get_lexer_by_name(ft, **options)
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            pass
+
+    best_lexer = [0.0, None]
+    for lexer in _iter_lexerclasses():
+        rv = lexer.analyse_text(_text)
+        if rv == 1.0:
+            return lexer(**options)
+        if rv > best_lexer[0]:
+            best_lexer[:] = (rv, lexer)
+    if not best_lexer[0] or best_lexer[1] is None:
+        raise ClassNotFound('no lexer matching the text found')
+    return best_lexer[1](**options)
+
+
+class _automodule(types.ModuleType):
+    """Automatically import lexers."""
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        info = LEXERS.get(name)
+        if info:
+            _load_lexers(info[0])
+            cls = _lexer_cache[info[1]]
+            setattr(self, name, cls)
+            return cls
+        if name in COMPAT:
+            return getattr(self, COMPAT[name])
+        raise AttributeError(name)
+
+
+oldmod = sys.modules[__name__]
+newmod = _automodule(__name__)
+newmod.__dict__.update(oldmod.__dict__)
+sys.modules[__name__] = newmod
+del newmod.newmod, newmod.oldmod, newmod.sys, newmod.types
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de6a015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/_mapping.py
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+# Automatically generated by scripts/gen_mapfiles.py.
+# DO NOT EDIT BY HAND; run `tox -e mapfiles` instead.
+
+LEXERS = {
+    'ABAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'ABAP', ('abap',), ('*.abap', '*.ABAP'), ('text/x-abap',)),
+    'AMDGPULexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.amdgpu', 'AMDGPU', ('amdgpu',), ('*.isa',), ()),
+    'APLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.apl', 'APL', ('apl',), ('*.apl', '*.aplf', '*.aplo', '*.apln', '*.aplc', '*.apli', '*.dyalog'), ()),
+    'AbnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'ABNF', ('abnf',), ('*.abnf',), ('text/x-abnf',)),
+    'ActionScript3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'ActionScript 3', ('actionscript3', 'as3'), ('*.as',), ('application/x-actionscript3', 'text/x-actionscript3', 'text/actionscript3')),
+    'ActionScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'ActionScript', ('actionscript', 'as'), ('*.as',), ('application/x-actionscript', 'text/x-actionscript', 'text/actionscript')),
+    'AdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ada', 'Ada', ('ada', 'ada95', 'ada2005'), ('*.adb', '*.ads', '*.ada'), ('text/x-ada',)),
+    'AdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'ADL', ('adl',), ('*.adl', '*.adls', '*.adlf', '*.adlx'), ()),
+    'AgdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Agda', ('agda',), ('*.agda',), ('text/x-agda',)),
+    'AheuiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Aheui', ('aheui',), ('*.aheui',), ()),
+    'AlloyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Alloy', ('alloy',), ('*.als',), ('text/x-alloy',)),
+    'AmbientTalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ambient', 'AmbientTalk', ('ambienttalk', 'ambienttalk/2', 'at'), ('*.at',), ('text/x-ambienttalk',)),
+    'AmplLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ampl', 'Ampl', ('ampl',), ('*.run',), ()),
+    'Angular2HtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML + Angular2', ('html+ng2',), ('*.ng2',), ()),
+    'Angular2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Angular2', ('ng2',), (), ()),
+    'AntlrActionScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With ActionScript Target', ('antlr-actionscript', 'antlr-as'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrCSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With C# Target', ('antlr-csharp', 'antlr-c#'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With CPP Target', ('antlr-cpp',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrJavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Java Target', ('antlr-java',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR', ('antlr',), (), ()),
+    'AntlrObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With ObjectiveC Target', ('antlr-objc',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrPerlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Perl Target', ('antlr-perl',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrPythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Python Target', ('antlr-python',), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'AntlrRubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'ANTLR With Ruby Target', ('antlr-ruby', 'antlr-rb'), ('*.G', '*.g'), ()),
+    'ApacheConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'ApacheConf', ('apacheconf', 'aconf', 'apache'), ('.htaccess', 'apache.conf', 'apache2.conf'), ('text/x-apacheconf',)),
+    'AppleScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'AppleScript', ('applescript',), ('*.applescript',), ()),
+    'ArduinoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Arduino', ('arduino',), ('*.ino',), ('text/x-arduino',)),
+    'ArrowLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.arrow', 'Arrow', ('arrow',), ('*.arw',), ()),
+    'ArturoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.arturo', 'Arturo', ('arturo', 'art'), ('*.art',), ()),
+    'AscLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asc', 'ASCII armored', ('asc', 'pem'), ('*.asc', '*.pem', 'id_dsa', 'id_ecdsa', 'id_ecdsa_sk', 'id_ed25519', 'id_ed25519_sk', 'id_rsa'), ('application/pgp-keys', 'application/pgp-encrypted', 'application/pgp-signature')),
+    'AspectJLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'AspectJ', ('aspectj',), ('*.aj',), ('text/x-aspectj',)),
+    'AsymptoteLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'Asymptote', ('asymptote', 'asy'), ('*.asy',), ('text/x-asymptote',)),
+    'AugeasLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Augeas', ('augeas',), ('*.aug',), ()),
+    'AutoItLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.automation', 'AutoIt', ('autoit',), ('*.au3',), ('text/x-autoit',)),
+    'AutohotkeyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.automation', 'autohotkey', ('autohotkey', 'ahk'), ('*.ahk', '*.ahkl'), ('text/x-autohotkey',)),
+    'AwkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'Awk', ('awk', 'gawk', 'mawk', 'nawk'), ('*.awk',), ('application/x-awk',)),
+    'BBCBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BBC Basic', ('bbcbasic',), ('*.bbc',), ()),
+    'BBCodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'BBCode', ('bbcode',), (), ('text/x-bbcode',)),
+    'BCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'BC', ('bc',), ('*.bc',), ()),
+    'BSTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bibtex', 'BST', ('bst', 'bst-pybtex'), ('*.bst',), ()),
+    'BareLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bare', 'BARE', ('bare',), ('*.bare',), ()),
+    'BaseMakefileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'Base Makefile', ('basemake',), (), ()),
+    'BashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Bash', ('bash', 'sh', 'ksh', 'zsh', 'shell'), ('*.sh', '*.ksh', '*.bash', '*.ebuild', '*.eclass', '*.exheres-0', '*.exlib', '*.zsh', '.bashrc', 'bashrc', '.bash_*', 'bash_*', 'zshrc', '.zshrc', '.kshrc', 'kshrc', 'PKGBUILD'), ('application/x-sh', 'application/x-shellscript', 'text/x-shellscript')),
+    'BashSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Bash Session', ('console', 'shell-session'), ('*.sh-session', '*.shell-session'), ('application/x-shell-session', 'application/x-sh-session')),
+    'BatchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Batchfile', ('batch', 'bat', 'dosbatch', 'winbatch'), ('*.bat', '*.cmd'), ('application/x-dos-batch',)),
+    'BddLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bdd', 'Bdd', ('bdd',), ('*.feature',), ('text/x-bdd',)),
+    'BefungeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Befunge', ('befunge',), ('*.befunge',), ('application/x-befunge',)),
+    'BerryLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.berry', 'Berry', ('berry', 'be'), ('*.be',), ('text/x-berry', 'application/x-berry')),
+    'BibTeXLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.bibtex', 'BibTeX', ('bibtex', 'bib'), ('*.bib',), ('text/x-bibtex',)),
+    'BlitzBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BlitzBasic', ('blitzbasic', 'b3d', 'bplus'), ('*.bb', '*.decls'), ('text/x-bb',)),
+    'BlitzMaxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'BlitzMax', ('blitzmax', 'bmax'), ('*.bmx',), ('text/x-bmx',)),
+    'BnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'BNF', ('bnf',), ('*.bnf',), ('text/x-bnf',)),
+    'BoaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.boa', 'Boa', ('boa',), ('*.boa',), ()),
+    'BooLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'Boo', ('boo',), ('*.boo',), ('text/x-boo',)),
+    'BoogieLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verification', 'Boogie', ('boogie',), ('*.bpl',), ()),
+    'BrainfuckLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Brainfuck', ('brainfuck', 'bf'), ('*.bf', '*.b'), ('application/x-brainfuck',)),
+    'BugsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'BUGS', ('bugs', 'winbugs', 'openbugs'), ('*.bug',), ()),
+    'CAmkESLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'CAmkES', ('camkes', 'idl4'), ('*.camkes', '*.idl4'), ()),
+    'CLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_cpp', 'C', ('c',), ('*.c', '*.h', '*.idc', '*.x[bp]m'), ('text/x-chdr', 'text/x-csrc', 'image/x-xbitmap', 'image/x-xpixmap')),
+    'CMakeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'CMake', ('cmake',), ('*.cmake', 'CMakeLists.txt'), ('text/x-cmake',)),
+    'CObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'c-objdump', ('c-objdump',), ('*.c-objdump',), ('text/x-c-objdump',)),
+    'CPSALexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'CPSA', ('cpsa',), ('*.cpsa',), ()),
+    'CSSUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'CSS+UL4', ('css+ul4',), ('*.cssul4',), ()),
+    'CSharpAspxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'aspx-cs', ('aspx-cs',), ('*.aspx', '*.asax', '*.ascx', '*.ashx', '*.asmx', '*.axd'), ()),
+    'CSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'C#', ('csharp', 'c#', 'cs'), ('*.cs',), ('text/x-csharp',)),
+    'Ca65Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'ca65 assembler', ('ca65',), ('*.s',), ()),
+    'CadlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'cADL', ('cadl',), ('*.cadl',), ()),
+    'CapDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'CapDL', ('capdl',), ('*.cdl',), ()),
+    'CapnProtoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.capnproto', "Cap'n Proto", ('capnp',), ('*.capnp',), ()),
+    'CarbonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.carbon', 'Carbon', ('carbon',), ('*.carbon',), ('text/x-carbon',)),
+    'CbmBasicV2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'CBM BASIC V2', ('cbmbas',), ('*.bas',), ()),
+    'CddlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.cddl', 'CDDL', ('cddl',), ('*.cddl',), ('text/x-cddl',)),
+    'CeylonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Ceylon', ('ceylon',), ('*.ceylon',), ('text/x-ceylon',)),
+    'Cfengine3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'CFEngine3', ('cfengine3', 'cf3'), ('*.cf',), ()),
+    'ChaiscriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'ChaiScript', ('chaiscript', 'chai'), ('*.chai',), ('text/x-chaiscript', 'application/x-chaiscript')),
+    'ChapelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.chapel', 'Chapel', ('chapel', 'chpl'), ('*.chpl',), ()),
+    'CharmciLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Charmci', ('charmci',), ('*.ci',), ()),
+    'CheetahHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Cheetah', ('html+cheetah', 'html+spitfire', 'htmlcheetah'), (), ('text/html+cheetah', 'text/html+spitfire')),
+    'CheetahJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Cheetah', ('javascript+cheetah', 'js+cheetah', 'javascript+spitfire', 'js+spitfire'), (), ('application/x-javascript+cheetah', 'text/x-javascript+cheetah', 'text/javascript+cheetah', 'application/x-javascript+spitfire', 'text/x-javascript+spitfire', 'text/javascript+spitfire')),
+    'CheetahLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Cheetah', ('cheetah', 'spitfire'), ('*.tmpl', '*.spt'), ('application/x-cheetah', 'application/x-spitfire')),
+    'CheetahXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Cheetah', ('xml+cheetah', 'xml+spitfire'), (), ('application/xml+cheetah', 'application/xml+spitfire')),
+    'CirruLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Cirru', ('cirru',), ('*.cirru',), ('text/x-cirru',)),
+    'ClayLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Clay', ('clay',), ('*.clay',), ('text/x-clay',)),
+    'CleanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.clean', 'Clean', ('clean',), ('*.icl', '*.dcl'), ()),
+    'ClojureLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Clojure', ('clojure', 'clj'), ('*.clj', '*.cljc'), ('text/x-clojure', 'application/x-clojure')),
+    'ClojureScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'ClojureScript', ('clojurescript', 'cljs'), ('*.cljs',), ('text/x-clojurescript', 'application/x-clojurescript')),
+    'CobolFreeformatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'COBOLFree', ('cobolfree',), ('*.cbl', '*.CBL'), ()),
+    'CobolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'COBOL', ('cobol',), ('*.cob', '*.COB', '*.cpy', '*.CPY'), ('text/x-cobol',)),
+    'CoffeeScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'CoffeeScript', ('coffeescript', 'coffee-script', 'coffee'), ('*.coffee',), ('text/coffeescript',)),
+    'ColdfusionCFCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Coldfusion CFC', ('cfc',), ('*.cfc',), ()),
+    'ColdfusionHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Coldfusion HTML', ('cfm',), ('*.cfm', '*.cfml'), ('application/x-coldfusion',)),
+    'ColdfusionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'cfstatement', ('cfs',), (), ()),
+    'Comal80Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.comal', 'COMAL-80', ('comal', 'comal80'), ('*.cml', '*.comal'), ()),
+    'CommonLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Common Lisp', ('common-lisp', 'cl', 'lisp'), ('*.cl', '*.lisp'), ('text/x-common-lisp',)),
+    'ComponentPascalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.oberon', 'Component Pascal', ('componentpascal', 'cp'), ('*.cp', '*.cps'), ('text/x-component-pascal',)),
+    'CoqLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Coq', ('coq',), ('*.v',), ('text/x-coq',)),
+    'CplintLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.cplint', 'cplint', ('cplint',), ('*.ecl', '*.prolog', '*.pro', '*.pl', '*.P', '*.lpad', '*.cpl'), ('text/x-cplint',)),
+    'CppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_cpp', 'C++', ('cpp', 'c++'), ('*.cpp', '*.hpp', '*.c++', '*.h++', '*.cc', '*.hh', '*.cxx', '*.hxx', '*.C', '*.H', '*.cp', '*.CPP', '*.tpp'), ('text/x-c++hdr', 'text/x-c++src')),
+    'CppObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'cpp-objdump', ('cpp-objdump', 'c++-objdumb', 'cxx-objdump'), ('*.cpp-objdump', '*.c++-objdump', '*.cxx-objdump'), ('text/x-cpp-objdump',)),
+    'CrmshLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Crmsh', ('crmsh', 'pcmk'), ('*.crmsh', '*.pcmk'), ()),
+    'CrocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'Croc', ('croc',), ('*.croc',), ('text/x-crocsrc',)),
+    'CryptolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Cryptol', ('cryptol', 'cry'), ('*.cry',), ('text/x-cryptol',)),
+    'CrystalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.crystal', 'Crystal', ('cr', 'crystal'), ('*.cr',), ('text/x-crystal',)),
+    'CsoundDocumentLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Document', ('csound-document', 'csound-csd'), ('*.csd',), ()),
+    'CsoundOrchestraLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Orchestra', ('csound', 'csound-orc'), ('*.orc', '*.udo'), ()),
+    'CsoundScoreLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.csound', 'Csound Score', ('csound-score', 'csound-sco'), ('*.sco',), ()),
+    'CssDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Django/Jinja', ('css+django', 'css+jinja'), ('*.css.j2', '*.css.jinja2'), ('text/css+django', 'text/css+jinja')),
+    'CssErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Ruby', ('css+ruby', 'css+erb'), (), ('text/css+ruby',)),
+    'CssGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Genshi Text', ('css+genshitext', 'css+genshi'), (), ('text/css+genshi',)),
+    'CssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'CSS', ('css',), ('*.css',), ('text/css',)),
+    'CssPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+PHP', ('css+php',), (), ('text/css+php',)),
+    'CssSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Smarty', ('css+smarty',), (), ('text/css+smarty',)),
+    'CudaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'CUDA', ('cuda', 'cu'), ('*.cu', '*.cuh'), ('text/x-cuda',)),
+    'CypherLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graph', 'Cypher', ('cypher',), ('*.cyp', '*.cypher'), ()),
+    'CythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Cython', ('cython', 'pyx', 'pyrex'), ('*.pyx', '*.pxd', '*.pxi'), ('text/x-cython', 'application/x-cython')),
+    'DLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'D', ('d',), ('*.d', '*.di'), ('text/x-dsrc',)),
+    'DObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'd-objdump', ('d-objdump',), ('*.d-objdump',), ('text/x-d-objdump',)),
+    'DarcsPatchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'Darcs Patch', ('dpatch',), ('*.dpatch', '*.darcspatch'), ()),
+    'DartLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Dart', ('dart',), ('*.dart',), ('text/x-dart',)),
+    'Dasm16Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'DASM16', ('dasm16',), ('*.dasm16', '*.dasm'), ('text/x-dasm16',)),
+    'DaxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dax', 'Dax', ('dax',), ('*.dax',), ()),
+    'DebianControlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'Debian Control file', ('debcontrol', 'control'), ('control',), ()),
+    'DelphiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pascal', 'Delphi', ('delphi', 'pas', 'pascal', 'objectpascal'), ('*.pas', '*.dpr'), ('text/x-pascal',)),
+    'DevicetreeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.devicetree', 'Devicetree', ('devicetree', 'dts'), ('*.dts', '*.dtsi'), ('text/x-c',)),
+    'DgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'dg', ('dg',), ('*.dg',), ('text/x-dg',)),
+    'DiffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'Diff', ('diff', 'udiff'), ('*.diff', '*.patch'), ('text/x-diff', 'text/x-patch')),
+    'DjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Django/Jinja', ('django', 'jinja'), (), ('application/x-django-templating', 'application/x-jinja')),
+    'DockerLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Docker', ('docker', 'dockerfile'), ('Dockerfile', '*.docker'), ('text/x-dockerfile-config',)),
+    'DtdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'DTD', ('dtd',), ('*.dtd',), ('application/xml-dtd',)),
+    'DuelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Duel', ('duel', 'jbst', 'jsonml+bst'), ('*.duel', '*.jbst'), ('text/x-duel', 'text/x-jbst')),
+    'DylanConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'Dylan session', ('dylan-console', 'dylan-repl'), ('*.dylan-console',), ('text/x-dylan-console',)),
+    'DylanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'Dylan', ('dylan',), ('*.dylan', '*.dyl', '*.intr'), ('text/x-dylan',)),
+    'DylanLidLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dylan', 'DylanLID', ('dylan-lid', 'lid'), ('*.lid', '*.hdp'), ('text/x-dylan-lid',)),
+    'ECLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ecl', 'ECL', ('ecl',), ('*.ecl',), ('application/x-ecl',)),
+    'ECLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'eC', ('ec',), ('*.ec', '*.eh'), ('text/x-echdr', 'text/x-ecsrc')),
+    'EarlGreyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Earl Grey', ('earl-grey', 'earlgrey', 'eg'), ('*.eg',), ('text/x-earl-grey',)),
+    'EasytrieveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Easytrieve', ('easytrieve',), ('*.ezt', '*.mac'), ('text/x-easytrieve',)),
+    'EbnfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'EBNF', ('ebnf',), ('*.ebnf',), ('text/x-ebnf',)),
+    'EiffelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.eiffel', 'Eiffel', ('eiffel',), ('*.e',), ('text/x-eiffel',)),
+    'ElixirConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Elixir iex session', ('iex',), (), ('text/x-elixir-shellsession',)),
+    'ElixirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Elixir', ('elixir', 'ex', 'exs'), ('*.ex', '*.eex', '*.exs', '*.leex'), ('text/x-elixir',)),
+    'ElmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.elm', 'Elm', ('elm',), ('*.elm',), ('text/x-elm',)),
+    'ElpiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.elpi', 'Elpi', ('elpi',), ('*.elpi',), ('text/x-elpi',)),
+    'EmacsLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'EmacsLisp', ('emacs-lisp', 'elisp', 'emacs'), ('*.el',), ('text/x-elisp', 'application/x-elisp')),
+    'EmailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.email', 'E-mail', ('email', 'eml'), ('*.eml',), ('message/rfc822',)),
+    'ErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'ERB', ('erb',), (), ('application/x-ruby-templating',)),
+    'ErlangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Erlang', ('erlang',), ('*.erl', '*.hrl', '*.es', '*.escript'), ('text/x-erlang',)),
+    'ErlangShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.erlang', 'Erlang erl session', ('erl',), ('*.erl-sh',), ('text/x-erl-shellsession',)),
+    'EvoqueHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Evoque', ('html+evoque',), ('*.html',), ('text/html+evoque',)),
+    'EvoqueLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Evoque', ('evoque',), ('*.evoque',), ('application/x-evoque',)),
+    'EvoqueXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Evoque', ('xml+evoque',), ('*.xml',), ('application/xml+evoque',)),
+    'ExeclineLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'execline', ('execline',), ('*.exec',), ()),
+    'EzhilLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ezhil', 'Ezhil', ('ezhil',), ('*.n',), ('text/x-ezhil',)),
+    'FSharpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'F#', ('fsharp', 'f#'), ('*.fs', '*.fsi', '*.fsx'), ('text/x-fsharp',)),
+    'FStarLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'FStar', ('fstar',), ('*.fst', '*.fsti'), ('text/x-fstar',)),
+    'FactorLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.factor', 'Factor', ('factor',), ('*.factor',), ('text/x-factor',)),
+    'FancyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Fancy', ('fancy', 'fy'), ('*.fy', '*.fancypack'), ('text/x-fancysrc',)),
+    'FantomLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fantom', 'Fantom', ('fan',), ('*.fan',), ('application/x-fantom',)),
+    'FelixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.felix', 'Felix', ('felix', 'flx'), ('*.flx', '*.flxh'), ('text/x-felix',)),
+    'FennelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Fennel', ('fennel', 'fnl'), ('*.fnl',), ()),
+    'FiftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fift', 'Fift', ('fift', 'fif'), ('*.fif',), ()),
+    'FishShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Fish', ('fish', 'fishshell'), ('*.fish', '*.load'), ('application/x-fish',)),
+    'FlatlineLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Flatline', ('flatline',), (), ('text/x-flatline',)),
+    'FloScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.floscript', 'FloScript', ('floscript', 'flo'), ('*.flo',), ()),
+    'ForthLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.forth', 'Forth', ('forth',), ('*.frt', '*.fs'), ('application/x-forth',)),
+    'FortranFixedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fortran', 'FortranFixed', ('fortranfixed',), ('*.f', '*.F'), ()),
+    'FortranLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.fortran', 'Fortran', ('fortran', 'f90'), ('*.f03', '*.f90', '*.F03', '*.F90'), ('text/x-fortran',)),
+    'FoxProLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.foxpro', 'FoxPro', ('foxpro', 'vfp', 'clipper', 'xbase'), ('*.PRG', '*.prg'), ()),
+    'FreeFemLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.freefem', 'Freefem', ('freefem',), ('*.edp',), ('text/x-freefem',)),
+    'FuncLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.func', 'FunC', ('func', 'fc'), ('*.fc', '*.func'), ()),
+    'FutharkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.futhark', 'Futhark', ('futhark',), ('*.fut',), ('text/x-futhark',)),
+    'GAPConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'GAP session', ('gap-console', 'gap-repl'), ('*.tst',), ()),
+    'GAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'GAP', ('gap',), ('*.g', '*.gd', '*.gi', '*.gap'), ()),
+    'GDScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gdscript', 'GDScript', ('gdscript', 'gd'), ('*.gd',), ('text/x-gdscript', 'application/x-gdscript')),
+    'GLShaderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'GLSL', ('glsl',), ('*.vert', '*.frag', '*.geo'), ('text/x-glslsrc',)),
+    'GSQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gsql', 'GSQL', ('gsql',), ('*.gsql',), ()),
+    'GasLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'GAS', ('gas', 'asm'), ('*.s', '*.S'), ('text/x-gas',)),
+    'GcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.gcodelexer', 'g-code', ('gcode',), ('*.gcode',), ()),
+    'GenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Genshi', ('genshi', 'kid', 'xml+genshi', 'xml+kid'), ('*.kid',), ('application/x-genshi', 'application/x-kid')),
+    'GenshiTextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Genshi Text', ('genshitext',), (), ('application/x-genshi-text', 'text/x-genshi')),
+    'GettextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Gettext Catalog', ('pot', 'po'), ('*.pot', '*.po'), ('application/x-gettext', 'text/x-gettext', 'text/gettext')),
+    'GherkinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.testing', 'Gherkin', ('gherkin', 'cucumber'), ('*.feature',), ('text/x-gherkin',)),
+    'GnuplotLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'Gnuplot', ('gnuplot',), ('*.plot', '*.plt'), ('text/x-gnuplot',)),
+    'GoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.go', 'Go', ('go', 'golang'), ('*.go',), ('text/x-gosrc',)),
+    'GoloLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Golo', ('golo',), ('*.golo',), ()),
+    'GoodDataCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'GoodData-CL', ('gooddata-cl',), ('*.gdc',), ('text/x-gooddata-cl',)),
+    'GosuLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Gosu', ('gosu',), ('*.gs', '*.gsx', '*.gsp', '*.vark'), ('text/x-gosu',)),
+    'GosuTemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Gosu Template', ('gst',), ('*.gst',), ('text/x-gosu-template',)),
+    'GraphvizLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphviz', 'Graphviz', ('graphviz', 'dot'), ('*.gv', '*.dot'), ('text/x-graphviz', 'text/vnd.graphviz')),
+    'GroffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Groff', ('groff', 'nroff', 'man'), ('*.[1-9]', '*.man', '*.1p', '*.3pm'), ('application/x-troff', 'text/troff')),
+    'GroovyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Groovy', ('groovy',), ('*.groovy', '*.gradle'), ('text/x-groovy',)),
+    'HLSLShaderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'HLSL', ('hlsl',), ('*.hlsl', '*.hlsli'), ('text/x-hlsl',)),
+    'HTMLUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'HTML+UL4', ('html+ul4',), ('*.htmlul4',), ()),
+    'HamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Haml', ('haml',), ('*.haml',), ('text/x-haml',)),
+    'HandlebarsHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Handlebars', ('html+handlebars',), ('*.handlebars', '*.hbs'), ('text/html+handlebars', 'text/x-handlebars-template')),
+    'HandlebarsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Handlebars', ('handlebars',), (), ()),
+    'HaskellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Haskell', ('haskell', 'hs'), ('*.hs',), ('text/x-haskell',)),
+    'HaxeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haxe', 'Haxe', ('haxe', 'hxsl', 'hx'), ('*.hx', '*.hxsl'), ('text/haxe', 'text/x-haxe', 'text/x-hx')),
+    'HexdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hexdump', 'Hexdump', ('hexdump',), (), ()),
+    'HsailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'HSAIL', ('hsail', 'hsa'), ('*.hsail',), ('text/x-hsail',)),
+    'HspecLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Hspec', ('hspec',), ('*Spec.hs',), ()),
+    'HtmlDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Django/Jinja', ('html+django', 'html+jinja', 'htmldjango'), ('*.html.j2', '*.htm.j2', '*.xhtml.j2', '*.html.jinja2', '*.htm.jinja2', '*.xhtml.jinja2'), ('text/html+django', 'text/html+jinja')),
+    'HtmlGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Genshi', ('html+genshi', 'html+kid'), (), ('text/html+genshi',)),
+    'HtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'HTML', ('html',), ('*.html', '*.htm', '*.xhtml', '*.xslt'), ('text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml')),
+    'HtmlPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+PHP', ('html+php',), ('*.phtml',), ('application/x-php', 'application/x-httpd-php', 'application/x-httpd-php3', 'application/x-httpd-php4', 'application/x-httpd-php5')),
+    'HtmlSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Smarty', ('html+smarty',), (), ('text/html+smarty',)),
+    'HttpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'HTTP', ('http',), (), ()),
+    'HxmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haxe', 'Hxml', ('haxeml', 'hxml'), ('*.hxml',), ()),
+    'HyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Hy', ('hylang',), ('*.hy',), ('text/x-hy', 'application/x-hy')),
+    'HybrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Hybris', ('hybris', 'hy'), ('*.hy', '*.hyb'), ('text/x-hybris', 'application/x-hybris')),
+    'IDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.idl', 'IDL', ('idl',), ('*.pro',), ('text/idl',)),
+    'IconLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'Icon', ('icon',), ('*.icon', '*.ICON'), ()),
+    'IdrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Idris', ('idris', 'idr'), ('*.idr',), ('text/x-idris',)),
+    'IgorLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.igor', 'Igor', ('igor', 'igorpro'), ('*.ipf',), ('text/ipf',)),
+    'Inform6Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 6', ('inform6', 'i6'), ('*.inf',), ()),
+    'Inform6TemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 6 template', ('i6t',), ('*.i6t',), ()),
+    'Inform7Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'Inform 7', ('inform7', 'i7'), ('*.ni', '*.i7x'), ()),
+    'IniLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'INI', ('ini', 'cfg', 'dosini'), ('*.ini', '*.cfg', '*.inf', '.editorconfig', '*.service', '*.socket', '*.device', '*.mount', '*.automount', '*.swap', '*.target', '*.path', '*.timer', '*.slice', '*.scope'), ('text/x-ini', 'text/inf')),
+    'IoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.iolang', 'Io', ('io',), ('*.io',), ('text/x-iosrc',)),
+    'IokeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Ioke', ('ioke', 'ik'), ('*.ik',), ('text/x-iokesrc',)),
+    'IrcLogsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'IRC logs', ('irc',), ('*.weechatlog',), ('text/x-irclog',)),
+    'IsabelleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Isabelle', ('isabelle',), ('*.thy',), ('text/x-isabelle',)),
+    'JLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.j', 'J', ('j',), ('*.ijs',), ('text/x-j',)),
+    'JMESPathLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jmespath', 'JMESPath', ('jmespath', 'jp'), ('*.jp',), ()),
+    'JSLTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jslt', 'JSLT', ('jslt',), ('*.jslt',), ('text/x-jslt',)),
+    'JagsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'JAGS', ('jags',), ('*.jag', '*.bug'), ()),
+    'JasminLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Jasmin', ('jasmin', 'jasminxt'), ('*.j',), ()),
+    'JavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Java', ('java',), ('*.java',), ('text/x-java',)),
+    'JavascriptDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Django/Jinja', ('javascript+django', 'js+django', 'javascript+jinja', 'js+jinja'), ('*.js.j2', '*.js.jinja2'), ('application/x-javascript+django', 'application/x-javascript+jinja', 'text/x-javascript+django', 'text/x-javascript+jinja', 'text/javascript+django', 'text/javascript+jinja')),
+    'JavascriptErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Ruby', ('javascript+ruby', 'js+ruby', 'javascript+erb', 'js+erb'), (), ('application/x-javascript+ruby', 'text/x-javascript+ruby', 'text/javascript+ruby')),
+    'JavascriptGenshiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Genshi Text', ('js+genshitext', 'js+genshi', 'javascript+genshitext', 'javascript+genshi'), (), ('application/x-javascript+genshi', 'text/x-javascript+genshi', 'text/javascript+genshi')),
+    'JavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'JavaScript', ('javascript', 'js'), ('*.js', '*.jsm', '*.mjs', '*.cjs'), ('application/javascript', 'application/x-javascript', 'text/x-javascript', 'text/javascript')),
+    'JavascriptPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+PHP', ('javascript+php', 'js+php'), (), ('application/x-javascript+php', 'text/x-javascript+php', 'text/javascript+php')),
+    'JavascriptSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Smarty', ('javascript+smarty', 'js+smarty'), (), ('application/x-javascript+smarty', 'text/x-javascript+smarty', 'text/javascript+smarty')),
+    'JavascriptUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'Javascript+UL4', ('js+ul4',), ('*.jsul4',), ()),
+    'JclLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'JCL', ('jcl',), ('*.jcl',), ('text/x-jcl',)),
+    'JsgfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'JSGF', ('jsgf',), ('*.jsgf',), ('application/jsgf', 'application/x-jsgf', 'text/jsgf')),
+    'JsonBareObjectLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSONBareObject', (), (), ()),
+    'JsonLdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSON-LD', ('jsonld', 'json-ld'), ('*.jsonld',), ('application/ld+json',)),
+    'JsonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'JSON', ('json', 'json-object'), ('*.json', 'Pipfile.lock'), ('application/json', 'application/json-object')),
+    'JsonnetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jsonnet', 'Jsonnet', ('jsonnet',), ('*.jsonnet', '*.libsonnet'), ()),
+    'JspLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Java Server Page', ('jsp',), ('*.jsp',), ('application/x-jsp',)),
+    'JuliaConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.julia', 'Julia console', ('jlcon', 'julia-repl'), (), ()),
+    'JuliaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.julia', 'Julia', ('julia', 'jl'), ('*.jl',), ('text/x-julia', 'application/x-julia')),
+    'JuttleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Juttle', ('juttle',), ('*.juttle',), ('application/juttle', 'application/x-juttle', 'text/x-juttle', 'text/juttle')),
+    'KLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.q', 'K', ('k',), ('*.k',), ()),
+    'KalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Kal', ('kal',), ('*.kal',), ('text/kal', 'application/kal')),
+    'KconfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Kconfig', ('kconfig', 'menuconfig', 'linux-config', 'kernel-config'), ('Kconfig*', '*Config.in*', 'external.in*', 'standard-modules.in'), ('text/x-kconfig',)),
+    'KernelLogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Kernel log', ('kmsg', 'dmesg'), ('*.kmsg', '*.dmesg'), ()),
+    'KokaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Koka', ('koka',), ('*.kk', '*.kki'), ('text/x-koka',)),
+    'KotlinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Kotlin', ('kotlin',), ('*.kt', '*.kts'), ('text/x-kotlin',)),
+    'KuinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.kuin', 'Kuin', ('kuin',), ('*.kn',), ()),
+    'LSLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'LSL', ('lsl',), ('*.lsl',), ('text/x-lsl',)),
+    'LassoCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Lasso', ('css+lasso',), (), ('text/css+lasso',)),
+    'LassoHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Lasso', ('html+lasso',), (), ('text/html+lasso', 'application/x-httpd-lasso', 'application/x-httpd-lasso[89]')),
+    'LassoJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Lasso', ('javascript+lasso', 'js+lasso'), (), ('application/x-javascript+lasso', 'text/x-javascript+lasso', 'text/javascript+lasso')),
+    'LassoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Lasso', ('lasso', 'lassoscript'), ('*.lasso', '*.lasso[89]'), ('text/x-lasso',)),
+    'LassoXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Lasso', ('xml+lasso',), (), ('application/xml+lasso',)),
+    'LeanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.theorem', 'Lean', ('lean',), ('*.lean',), ('text/x-lean',)),
+    'LessCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'LessCss', ('less',), ('*.less',), ('text/x-less-css',)),
+    'LighttpdConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Lighttpd configuration file', ('lighttpd', 'lighty'), ('lighttpd.conf',), ('text/x-lighttpd-conf',)),
+    'LilyPondLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lilypond', 'LilyPond', ('lilypond',), ('*.ly',), ()),
+    'LimboLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.inferno', 'Limbo', ('limbo',), ('*.b',), ('text/limbo',)),
+    'LiquidLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'liquid', ('liquid',), ('*.liquid',), ()),
+    'LiterateAgdaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Agda', ('literate-agda', 'lagda'), ('*.lagda',), ('text/x-literate-agda',)),
+    'LiterateCryptolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Cryptol', ('literate-cryptol', 'lcryptol', 'lcry'), ('*.lcry',), ('text/x-literate-cryptol',)),
+    'LiterateHaskellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Haskell', ('literate-haskell', 'lhaskell', 'lhs'), ('*.lhs',), ('text/x-literate-haskell',)),
+    'LiterateIdrisLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.haskell', 'Literate Idris', ('literate-idris', 'lidris', 'lidr'), ('*.lidr',), ('text/x-literate-idris',)),
+    'LiveScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'LiveScript', ('livescript', 'live-script'), ('*.ls',), ('text/livescript',)),
+    'LlvmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM', ('llvm',), ('*.ll',), ('text/x-llvm',)),
+    'LlvmMirBodyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM-MIR Body', ('llvm-mir-body',), (), ()),
+    'LlvmMirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'LLVM-MIR', ('llvm-mir',), ('*.mir',), ()),
+    'LogosLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Logos', ('logos',), ('*.x', '*.xi', '*.xm', '*.xmi'), ('text/x-logos',)),
+    'LogtalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prolog', 'Logtalk', ('logtalk',), ('*.lgt', '*.logtalk'), ('text/x-logtalk',)),
+    'LuaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Lua', ('lua',), ('*.lua', '*.wlua'), ('text/x-lua', 'application/x-lua')),
+    'MCFunctionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'MCFunction', ('mcfunction', 'mcf'), ('*.mcfunction',), ('text/mcfunction',)),
+    'MCSchemaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'MCSchema', ('mcschema',), ('*.mcschema',), ('text/mcschema',)),
+    'MIMELexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mime', 'MIME', ('mime',), (), ('multipart/mixed', 'multipart/related', 'multipart/alternative')),
+    'MIPSLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mips', 'MIPS', ('mips',), ('*.mips', '*.MIPS'), ()),
+    'MOOCodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MOOCode', ('moocode', 'moo'), ('*.moo',), ('text/x-moocode',)),
+    'MSDOSSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'MSDOS Session', ('doscon',), (), ()),
+    'Macaulay2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.macaulay2', 'Macaulay2', ('macaulay2',), ('*.m2',), ()),
+    'MakefileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.make', 'Makefile', ('make', 'makefile', 'mf', 'bsdmake'), ('*.mak', '*.mk', 'Makefile', 'makefile', 'Makefile.*', 'GNUmakefile'), ('text/x-makefile',)),
+    'MakoCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Mako', ('css+mako',), (), ('text/css+mako',)),
+    'MakoHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Mako', ('html+mako',), (), ('text/html+mako',)),
+    'MakoJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Mako', ('javascript+mako', 'js+mako'), (), ('application/x-javascript+mako', 'text/x-javascript+mako', 'text/javascript+mako')),
+    'MakoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Mako', ('mako',), ('*.mao',), ('application/x-mako',)),
+    'MakoXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Mako', ('xml+mako',), (), ('application/xml+mako',)),
+    'MaqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'MAQL', ('maql',), ('*.maql',), ('text/x-gooddata-maql', 'application/x-gooddata-maql')),
+    'MarkdownLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Markdown', ('markdown', 'md'), ('*.md', '*.markdown'), ('text/x-markdown',)),
+    'MaskLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Mask', ('mask',), ('*.mask',), ('text/x-mask',)),
+    'MasonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Mason', ('mason',), ('*.m', '*.mhtml', '*.mc', '*.mi', 'autohandler', 'dhandler'), ('application/x-mason',)),
+    'MathematicaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'Mathematica', ('mathematica', 'mma', 'nb'), ('*.nb', '*.cdf', '*.nbp', '*.ma'), ('application/mathematica', 'application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica', 'application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica.package', 'application/vnd.wolfram.cdf')),
+    'MatlabLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Matlab', ('matlab',), ('*.m',), ('text/matlab',)),
+    'MatlabSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Matlab session', ('matlabsession',), (), ()),
+    'MaximaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.maxima', 'Maxima', ('maxima', 'macsyma'), ('*.mac', '*.max'), ()),
+    'MesonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.meson', 'Meson', ('meson', 'meson.build'), ('meson.build', 'meson_options.txt'), ('text/x-meson',)),
+    'MiniDLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.d', 'MiniD', ('minid',), (), ('text/x-minidsrc',)),
+    'MiniScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MiniScript', ('miniscript', 'ms'), ('*.ms',), ('text/x-minicript', 'application/x-miniscript')),
+    'ModelicaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'Modelica', ('modelica',), ('*.mo',), ('text/x-modelica',)),
+    'Modula2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modula2', 'Modula-2', ('modula2', 'm2'), ('*.def', '*.mod'), ('text/x-modula2',)),
+    'MoinWikiLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'MoinMoin/Trac Wiki markup', ('trac-wiki', 'moin'), (), ('text/x-trac-wiki',)),
+    'MonkeyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'Monkey', ('monkey',), ('*.monkey',), ('text/x-monkey',)),
+    'MonteLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.monte', 'Monte', ('monte',), ('*.mt',), ()),
+    'MoonScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'MoonScript', ('moonscript', 'moon'), ('*.moon',), ('text/x-moonscript', 'application/x-moonscript')),
+    'MoselLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.mosel', 'Mosel', ('mosel',), ('*.mos',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'CSS+mozpreproc', ('css+mozpreproc',), ('*.css.in',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocHashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'mozhashpreproc', ('mozhashpreproc',), (), ()),
+    'MozPreprocJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Javascript+mozpreproc', ('javascript+mozpreproc',), ('*.js.in',), ()),
+    'MozPreprocPercentLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'mozpercentpreproc', ('mozpercentpreproc',), (), ()),
+    'MozPreprocXulLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'XUL+mozpreproc', ('xul+mozpreproc',), ('*.xul.in',), ()),
+    'MqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'MQL', ('mql', 'mq4', 'mq5', 'mql4', 'mql5'), ('*.mq4', '*.mq5', '*.mqh'), ('text/x-mql',)),
+    'MscgenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Mscgen', ('mscgen', 'msc'), ('*.msc',), ()),
+    'MuPADLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.algebra', 'MuPAD', ('mupad',), ('*.mu',), ()),
+    'MxmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.actionscript', 'MXML', ('mxml',), ('*.mxml',), ()),
+    'MySqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'MySQL', ('mysql',), (), ('text/x-mysql',)),
+    'MyghtyCssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'CSS+Myghty', ('css+myghty',), (), ('text/css+myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Myghty', ('html+myghty',), (), ('text/html+myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyJavascriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'JavaScript+Myghty', ('javascript+myghty', 'js+myghty'), (), ('application/x-javascript+myghty', 'text/x-javascript+myghty', 'text/javascript+mygthy')),
+    'MyghtyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Myghty', ('myghty',), ('*.myt', 'autodelegate'), ('application/x-myghty',)),
+    'MyghtyXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Myghty', ('xml+myghty',), (), ('application/xml+myghty',)),
+    'NCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ncl', 'NCL', ('ncl',), ('*.ncl',), ('text/ncl',)),
+    'NSISLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'NSIS', ('nsis', 'nsi', 'nsh'), ('*.nsi', '*.nsh'), ('text/x-nsis',)),
+    'NasmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'NASM', ('nasm',), ('*.asm', '*.ASM', '*.nasm'), ('text/x-nasm',)),
+    'NasmObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'objdump-nasm', ('objdump-nasm',), ('*.objdump-intel',), ('text/x-nasm-objdump',)),
+    'NemerleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'Nemerle', ('nemerle',), ('*.n',), ('text/x-nemerle',)),
+    'NesCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'nesC', ('nesc',), ('*.nc',), ('text/x-nescsrc',)),
+    'NestedTextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'NestedText', ('nestedtext', 'nt'), ('*.nt',), ()),
+    'NewLispLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'NewLisp', ('newlisp',), ('*.lsp', '*.nl', '*.kif'), ('text/x-newlisp', 'application/x-newlisp')),
+    'NewspeakLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smalltalk', 'Newspeak', ('newspeak',), ('*.ns2',), ('text/x-newspeak',)),
+    'NginxConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Nginx configuration file', ('nginx',), ('nginx.conf',), ('text/x-nginx-conf',)),
+    'NimrodLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nimrod', 'Nimrod', ('nimrod', 'nim'), ('*.nim', '*.nimrod'), ('text/x-nim',)),
+    'NitLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nit', 'Nit', ('nit',), ('*.nit',), ()),
+    'NixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.nix', 'Nix', ('nixos', 'nix'), ('*.nix',), ('text/x-nix',)),
+    'NodeConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Node.js REPL console session', ('nodejsrepl',), (), ('text/x-nodejsrepl',)),
+    'NotmuchLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Notmuch', ('notmuch',), (), ()),
+    'NuSMVLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smv', 'NuSMV', ('nusmv',), ('*.smv',), ()),
+    'NumPyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'NumPy', ('numpy',), (), ()),
+    'ObjdumpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'objdump', ('objdump',), ('*.objdump',), ('text/x-objdump',)),
+    'ObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Objective-C', ('objective-c', 'objectivec', 'obj-c', 'objc'), ('*.m', '*.h'), ('text/x-objective-c',)),
+    'ObjectiveCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Objective-C++', ('objective-c++', 'objectivec++', 'obj-c++', 'objc++'), ('*.mm', '*.hh'), ('text/x-objective-c++',)),
+    'ObjectiveJLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'Objective-J', ('objective-j', 'objectivej', 'obj-j', 'objj'), ('*.j',), ('text/x-objective-j',)),
+    'OcamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'OCaml', ('ocaml',), ('*.ml', '*.mli', '*.mll', '*.mly'), ('text/x-ocaml',)),
+    'OctaveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Octave', ('octave',), ('*.m',), ('text/octave',)),
+    'OdinLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.archetype', 'ODIN', ('odin',), ('*.odin',), ('text/odin',)),
+    'OmgIdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'OMG Interface Definition Language', ('omg-idl',), ('*.idl', '*.pidl'), ()),
+    'OocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ooc', 'Ooc', ('ooc',), ('*.ooc',), ('text/x-ooc',)),
+    'OpaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'Opa', ('opa',), ('*.opa',), ('text/x-opa',)),
+    'OpenEdgeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.business', 'OpenEdge ABL', ('openedge', 'abl', 'progress'), ('*.p', '*.cls'), ('text/x-openedge', 'application/x-openedge')),
+    'OutputLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Text output', ('output',), (), ()),
+    'PacmanConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'PacmanConf', ('pacmanconf',), ('pacman.conf',), ()),
+    'PanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Pan', ('pan',), ('*.pan',), ()),
+    'ParaSailLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parasail', 'ParaSail', ('parasail',), ('*.psi', '*.psl'), ('text/x-parasail',)),
+    'PawnLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pawn', 'Pawn', ('pawn',), ('*.p', '*.pwn', '*.inc'), ('text/x-pawn',)),
+    'PegLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.grammar_notation', 'PEG', ('peg',), ('*.peg',), ('text/x-peg',)),
+    'Perl6Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.perl', 'Perl6', ('perl6', 'pl6', 'raku'), ('*.pl', '*.pm', '*.nqp', '*.p6', '*.6pl', '*.p6l', '*.pl6', '*.6pm', '*.p6m', '*.pm6', '*.t', '*.raku', '*.rakumod', '*.rakutest', '*.rakudoc'), ('text/x-perl6', 'application/x-perl6')),
+    'PerlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.perl', 'Perl', ('perl', 'pl'), ('*.pl', '*.pm', '*.t', '*.perl'), ('text/x-perl', 'application/x-perl')),
+    'PhixLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.phix', 'Phix', ('phix',), ('*.exw',), ('text/x-phix',)),
+    'PhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'PHP', ('php', 'php3', 'php4', 'php5'), ('*.php', '*.php[345]', '*.inc'), ('text/x-php',)),
+    'PigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Pig', ('pig',), ('*.pig',), ('text/x-pig',)),
+    'PikeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Pike', ('pike',), ('*.pike', '*.pmod'), ('text/x-pike',)),
+    'PkgConfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'PkgConfig', ('pkgconfig',), ('*.pc',), ()),
+    'PlPgsqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PL/pgSQL', ('plpgsql',), (), ('text/x-plpgsql',)),
+    'PointlessLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pointless', 'Pointless', ('pointless',), ('*.ptls',), ()),
+    'PonyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pony', 'Pony', ('pony',), ('*.pony',), ()),
+    'PortugolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pascal', 'Portugol', ('portugol',), ('*.alg', '*.portugol'), ()),
+    'PostScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'PostScript', ('postscript', 'postscr'), ('*.ps', '*.eps'), ('application/postscript',)),
+    'PostgresConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL console (psql)', ('psql', 'postgresql-console', 'postgres-console'), (), ('text/x-postgresql-psql',)),
+    'PostgresExplainLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL EXPLAIN dialect', ('postgres-explain',), ('*.explain',), ('text/x-postgresql-explain',)),
+    'PostgresLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'PostgreSQL SQL dialect', ('postgresql', 'postgres'), (), ('text/x-postgresql',)),
+    'PovrayLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.graphics', 'POVRay', ('pov',), ('*.pov', '*.inc'), ('text/x-povray',)),
+    'PowerShellLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'PowerShell', ('powershell', 'pwsh', 'posh', 'ps1', 'psm1'), ('*.ps1', '*.psm1'), ('text/x-powershell',)),
+    'PowerShellSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'PowerShell Session', ('pwsh-session', 'ps1con'), (), ()),
+    'PraatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.praat', 'Praat', ('praat',), ('*.praat', '*.proc', '*.psc'), ()),
+    'ProcfileLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.procfile', 'Procfile', ('procfile',), ('Procfile',), ()),
+    'PrologLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.prolog', 'Prolog', ('prolog',), ('*.ecl', '*.prolog', '*.pro', '*.pl'), ('text/x-prolog',)),
+    'PromQLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.promql', 'PromQL', ('promql',), ('*.promql',), ()),
+    'PropertiesLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Properties', ('properties', 'jproperties'), ('*.properties',), ('text/x-java-properties',)),
+    'ProtoBufLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Protocol Buffer', ('protobuf', 'proto'), ('*.proto',), ()),
+    'PsyshConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'PsySH console session for PHP', ('psysh',), (), ()),
+    'PugLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Pug', ('pug', 'jade'), ('*.pug', '*.jade'), ('text/x-pug', 'text/x-jade')),
+    'PuppetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Puppet', ('puppet',), ('*.pp',), ()),
+    'PyPyLogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.console', 'PyPy Log', ('pypylog', 'pypy'), ('*.pypylog',), ('application/x-pypylog',)),
+    'Python2Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python 2.x', ('python2', 'py2'), (), ('text/x-python2', 'application/x-python2')),
+    'Python2TracebackLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python 2.x Traceback', ('py2tb',), ('*.py2tb',), ('text/x-python2-traceback',)),
+    'PythonConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python console session', ('pycon',), (), ('text/x-python-doctest',)),
+    'PythonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python', ('python', 'py', 'sage', 'python3', 'py3'), ('*.py', '*.pyw', '*.pyi', '*.jy', '*.sage', '*.sc', 'SConstruct', 'SConscript', '*.bzl', 'BUCK', 'BUILD', 'BUILD.bazel', 'WORKSPACE', '*.tac'), ('text/x-python', 'application/x-python', 'text/x-python3', 'application/x-python3')),
+    'PythonTracebackLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.python', 'Python Traceback', ('pytb', 'py3tb'), ('*.pytb', '*.py3tb'), ('text/x-python-traceback', 'text/x-python3-traceback')),
+    'PythonUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'Python+UL4', ('py+ul4',), ('*.pyul4',), ()),
+    'QBasicLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'QBasic', ('qbasic', 'basic'), ('*.BAS', '*.bas'), ('text/basic',)),
+    'QLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.q', 'Q', ('q',), ('*.q',), ()),
+    'QVToLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.qvt', 'QVTO', ('qvto', 'qvt'), ('*.qvto',), ()),
+    'QlikLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.qlik', 'Qlik', ('qlik', 'qlikview', 'qliksense', 'qlikscript'), ('*.qvs', '*.qvw'), ()),
+    'QmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'QML', ('qml', 'qbs'), ('*.qml', '*.qbs'), ('application/x-qml', 'application/x-qt.qbs+qml')),
+    'RConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'RConsole', ('rconsole', 'rout'), ('*.Rout',), ()),
+    'RNCCompactLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rnc', 'Relax-NG Compact', ('rng-compact', 'rnc'), ('*.rnc',), ()),
+    'RPMSpecLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'RPMSpec', ('spec',), ('*.spec',), ('text/x-rpm-spec',)),
+    'RacketLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Racket', ('racket', 'rkt'), ('*.rkt', '*.rktd', '*.rktl'), ('text/x-racket', 'application/x-racket')),
+    'RagelCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in C Host', ('ragel-c',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelCppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in CPP Host', ('ragel-cpp',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelDLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in D Host', ('ragel-d',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelEmbeddedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Embedded Ragel', ('ragel-em',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelJavaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Java Host', ('ragel-java',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel', ('ragel',), (), ()),
+    'RagelObjectiveCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Objective C Host', ('ragel-objc',), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RagelRubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Ragel in Ruby Host', ('ragel-ruby', 'ragel-rb'), ('*.rl',), ()),
+    'RawTokenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Raw token data', (), (), ('application/x-pygments-tokens',)),
+    'RdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'Rd', ('rd',), ('*.Rd',), ('text/x-r-doc',)),
+    'ReasonLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'ReasonML', ('reasonml', 'reason'), ('*.re', '*.rei'), ('text/x-reasonml',)),
+    'RebolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rebol', 'REBOL', ('rebol',), ('*.r', '*.r3', '*.reb'), ('text/x-rebol',)),
+    'RedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rebol', 'Red', ('red', 'red/system'), ('*.red', '*.reds'), ('text/x-red', 'text/x-red-system')),
+    'RedcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.esoteric', 'Redcode', ('redcode',), ('*.cw',), ()),
+    'RegeditLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'reg', ('registry',), ('*.reg',), ('text/x-windows-registry',)),
+    'ResourceLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.resource', 'ResourceBundle', ('resourcebundle', 'resource'), (), ()),
+    'RexxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scripting', 'Rexx', ('rexx', 'arexx'), ('*.rexx', '*.rex', '*.rx', '*.arexx'), ('text/x-rexx',)),
+    'RhtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'RHTML', ('rhtml', 'html+erb', 'html+ruby'), ('*.rhtml',), ('text/html+ruby',)),
+    'RideLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ride', 'Ride', ('ride',), ('*.ride',), ('text/x-ride',)),
+    'RitaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rita', 'Rita', ('rita',), ('*.rita',), ('text/rita',)),
+    'RoboconfGraphLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.roboconf', 'Roboconf Graph', ('roboconf-graph',), ('*.graph',), ()),
+    'RoboconfInstancesLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.roboconf', 'Roboconf Instances', ('roboconf-instances',), ('*.instances',), ()),
+    'RobotFrameworkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.robotframework', 'RobotFramework', ('robotframework',), ('*.robot', '*.resource'), ('text/x-robotframework',)),
+    'RqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'RQL', ('rql',), ('*.rql',), ('text/x-rql',)),
+    'RslLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'RSL', ('rsl',), ('*.rsl',), ('text/rsl',)),
+    'RstLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'reStructuredText', ('restructuredtext', 'rst', 'rest'), ('*.rst', '*.rest'), ('text/x-rst', 'text/prs.fallenstein.rst')),
+    'RtsLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.trafficscript', 'TrafficScript', ('trafficscript', 'rts'), ('*.rts',), ()),
+    'RubyConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Ruby irb session', ('rbcon', 'irb'), (), ('text/x-ruby-shellsession',)),
+    'RubyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ruby', 'Ruby', ('ruby', 'rb', 'duby'), ('*.rb', '*.rbw', 'Rakefile', '*.rake', '*.gemspec', '*.rbx', '*.duby', 'Gemfile', 'Vagrantfile'), ('text/x-ruby', 'application/x-ruby')),
+    'RustLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rust', 'Rust', ('rust', 'rs'), ('*.rs', '*.rs.in'), ('text/rust', 'text/x-rust')),
+    'SASLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sas', 'SAS', ('sas',), ('*.SAS', '*.sas'), ('text/x-sas', 'text/sas', 'application/x-sas')),
+    'SLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.r', 'S', ('splus', 's', 'r'), ('*.S', '*.R', '.Rhistory', '.Rprofile', '.Renviron'), ('text/S-plus', 'text/S', 'text/x-r-source', 'text/x-r', 'text/x-R', 'text/x-r-history', 'text/x-r-profile')),
+    'SMLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ml', 'Standard ML', ('sml',), ('*.sml', '*.sig', '*.fun'), ('text/x-standardml', 'application/x-standardml')),
+    'SNBTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.minecraft', 'SNBT', ('snbt',), ('*.snbt',), ('text/snbt',)),
+    'SarlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'SARL', ('sarl',), ('*.sarl',), ('text/x-sarl',)),
+    'SassLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'Sass', ('sass',), ('*.sass',), ('text/x-sass',)),
+    'SaviLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.savi', 'Savi', ('savi',), ('*.savi',), ()),
+    'ScalaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Scala', ('scala',), ('*.scala',), ('text/x-scala',)),
+    'ScamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'Scaml', ('scaml',), ('*.scaml',), ('text/x-scaml',)),
+    'ScdocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.scdoc', 'scdoc', ('scdoc', 'scd'), ('*.scd', '*.scdoc'), ()),
+    'SchemeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Scheme', ('scheme', 'scm'), ('*.scm', '*.ss'), ('text/x-scheme', 'application/x-scheme')),
+    'ScilabLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.matlab', 'Scilab', ('scilab',), ('*.sci', '*.sce', '*.tst'), ('text/scilab',)),
+    'ScssLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.css', 'SCSS', ('scss',), ('*.scss',), ('text/x-scss',)),
+    'SedLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'Sed', ('sed', 'gsed', 'ssed'), ('*.sed', '*.[gs]sed'), ('text/x-sed',)),
+    'ShExCLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'ShExC', ('shexc', 'shex'), ('*.shex',), ('text/shex',)),
+    'ShenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'Shen', ('shen',), ('*.shen',), ('text/x-shen', 'application/x-shen')),
+    'SieveLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sieve', 'Sieve', ('sieve',), ('*.siv', '*.sieve'), ()),
+    'SilverLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.verification', 'Silver', ('silver',), ('*.sil', '*.vpr'), ()),
+    'SingularityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Singularity', ('singularity',), ('*.def', 'Singularity'), ()),
+    'SlashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.slash', 'Slash', ('slash',), ('*.sla',), ()),
+    'SlimLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'Slim', ('slim',), ('*.slim',), ('text/x-slim',)),
+    'SlurmBashLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Slurm', ('slurm', 'sbatch'), ('*.sl',), ()),
+    'SmaliLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dalvik', 'Smali', ('smali',), ('*.smali',), ('text/smali',)),
+    'SmalltalkLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smalltalk', 'Smalltalk', ('smalltalk', 'squeak', 'st'), ('*.st',), ('text/x-smalltalk',)),
+    'SmartGameFormatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sgf', 'SmartGameFormat', ('sgf',), ('*.sgf',), ()),
+    'SmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Smarty', ('smarty',), ('*.tpl',), ('application/x-smarty',)),
+    'SmithyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.smithy', 'Smithy', ('smithy',), ('*.smithy',), ()),
+    'SnobolLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.snobol', 'Snobol', ('snobol',), ('*.snobol',), ('text/x-snobol',)),
+    'SnowballLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Snowball', ('snowball',), ('*.sbl',), ()),
+    'SolidityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.solidity', 'Solidity', ('solidity',), ('*.sol',), ()),
+    'SophiaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sophia', 'Sophia', ('sophia',), ('*.aes',), ()),
+    'SourcePawnLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.pawn', 'SourcePawn', ('sp',), ('*.sp',), ('text/x-sourcepawn',)),
+    'SourcesListLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.installers', 'Debian Sourcelist', ('debsources', 'sourceslist', 'sources.list'), ('sources.list',), ()),
+    'SparqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'SPARQL', ('sparql',), ('*.rq', '*.sparql'), ('application/sparql-query',)),
+    'SpiceLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.spice', 'Spice', ('spice', 'spicelang'), ('*.spice',), ('text/x-spice',)),
+    'SqlJinjaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'SQL+Jinja', ('sql+jinja',), ('*.sql', '*.sql.j2', '*.sql.jinja2'), ()),
+    'SqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'SQL', ('sql',), ('*.sql',), ('text/x-sql',)),
+    'SqliteConsoleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'sqlite3con', ('sqlite3',), ('*.sqlite3-console',), ('text/x-sqlite3-console',)),
+    'SquidConfLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'SquidConf', ('squidconf', 'squid.conf', 'squid'), ('squid.conf',), ('text/x-squidconf',)),
+    'SrcinfoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.srcinfo', 'Srcinfo', ('srcinfo',), ('.SRCINFO',), ()),
+    'SspLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Scalate Server Page', ('ssp',), ('*.ssp',), ('application/x-ssp',)),
+    'StanLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.modeling', 'Stan', ('stan',), ('*.stan',), ()),
+    'StataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.stata', 'Stata', ('stata', 'do'), ('*.do', '*.ado'), ('text/x-stata', 'text/stata', 'application/x-stata')),
+    'SuperColliderLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.supercollider', 'SuperCollider', ('supercollider', 'sc'), ('*.sc', '*.scd'), ('application/supercollider', 'text/supercollider')),
+    'SwiftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.objective', 'Swift', ('swift',), ('*.swift',), ('text/x-swift',)),
+    'SwigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'SWIG', ('swig',), ('*.swg', '*.i'), ('text/swig',)),
+    'SystemVerilogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'systemverilog', ('systemverilog', 'sv'), ('*.sv', '*.svh'), ('text/x-systemverilog',)),
+    'TAPLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.testing', 'TAP', ('tap',), ('*.tap',), ()),
+    'TNTLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tnt', 'Typographic Number Theory', ('tnt',), ('*.tnt',), ()),
+    'TOMLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'TOML', ('toml',), ('*.toml', 'Pipfile', 'poetry.lock'), ()),
+    'Tads3Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.int_fiction', 'TADS 3', ('tads3',), ('*.t',), ()),
+    'TalLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tal', 'Tal', ('tal', 'uxntal'), ('*.tal',), ('text/x-uxntal',)),
+    'TasmLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.asm', 'TASM', ('tasm',), ('*.asm', '*.ASM', '*.tasm'), ('text/x-tasm',)),
+    'TclLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tcl', 'Tcl', ('tcl',), ('*.tcl', '*.rvt'), ('text/x-tcl', 'text/x-script.tcl', 'application/x-tcl')),
+    'TcshLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Tcsh', ('tcsh', 'csh'), ('*.tcsh', '*.csh'), ('application/x-csh',)),
+    'TcshSessionLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.shell', 'Tcsh Session', ('tcshcon',), (), ()),
+    'TeaTemplateLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Tea', ('tea',), ('*.tea',), ('text/x-tea',)),
+    'TealLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.teal', 'teal', ('teal',), ('*.teal',), ()),
+    'TeraTermLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.teraterm', 'Tera Term macro', ('teratermmacro', 'teraterm', 'ttl'), ('*.ttl',), ('text/x-teratermmacro',)),
+    'TermcapLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Termcap', ('termcap',), ('termcap', 'termcap.src'), ()),
+    'TerminfoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Terminfo', ('terminfo',), ('terminfo', 'terminfo.src'), ()),
+    'TerraformLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Terraform', ('terraform', 'tf', 'hcl'), ('*.tf', '*.hcl'), ('application/x-tf', 'application/x-terraform')),
+    'TexLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'TeX', ('tex', 'latex'), ('*.tex', '*.aux', '*.toc'), ('text/x-tex', 'text/x-latex')),
+    'TextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.special', 'Text only', ('text',), ('*.txt',), ('text/plain',)),
+    'ThingsDBLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.thingsdb', 'ThingsDB', ('ti', 'thingsdb'), ('*.ti',), ()),
+    'ThriftLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Thrift', ('thrift',), ('*.thrift',), ('application/x-thrift',)),
+    'TiddlyWiki5Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'tiddler', ('tid',), ('*.tid',), ('text/vnd.tiddlywiki',)),
+    'TlbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.tlb', 'Tl-b', ('tlb',), ('*.tlb',), ()),
+    'TodotxtLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textfmts', 'Todotxt', ('todotxt',), ('todo.txt', '*.todotxt'), ('text/x-todo',)),
+    'TransactSqlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.sql', 'Transact-SQL', ('tsql', 't-sql'), ('*.sql',), ('text/x-tsql',)),
+    'TreetopLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.parsers', 'Treetop', ('treetop',), ('*.treetop', '*.tt'), ()),
+    'TurtleLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.rdf', 'Turtle', ('turtle',), ('*.ttl',), ('text/turtle', 'application/x-turtle')),
+    'TwigHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Twig', ('html+twig',), ('*.twig',), ('text/html+twig',)),
+    'TwigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Twig', ('twig',), (), ('application/x-twig',)),
+    'TypeScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.javascript', 'TypeScript', ('typescript', 'ts'), ('*.ts',), ('application/x-typescript', 'text/x-typescript')),
+    'TypoScriptCssDataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScriptCssData', ('typoscriptcssdata',), (), ()),
+    'TypoScriptHtmlDataLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScriptHtmlData', ('typoscripthtmldata',), (), ()),
+    'TypoScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.typoscript', 'TypoScript', ('typoscript',), ('*.typoscript',), ('text/x-typoscript',)),
+    'UL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'UL4', ('ul4',), ('*.ul4',), ()),
+    'UcodeLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'ucode', ('ucode',), ('*.u', '*.u1', '*.u2'), ()),
+    'UniconLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.unicon', 'Unicon', ('unicon',), ('*.icn',), ('text/unicon',)),
+    'UnixConfigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.configs', 'Unix/Linux config files', ('unixconfig', 'linuxconfig'), (), ()),
+    'UrbiscriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.urbi', 'UrbiScript', ('urbiscript',), ('*.u',), ('application/x-urbiscript',)),
+    'UsdLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.usd', 'USD', ('usd', 'usda'), ('*.usd', '*.usda'), ()),
+    'VBScriptLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.basic', 'VBScript', ('vbscript',), ('*.vbs', '*.VBS'), ()),
+    'VCLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.varnish', 'VCL', ('vcl',), ('*.vcl',), ('text/x-vclsrc',)),
+    'VCLSnippetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.varnish', 'VCLSnippets', ('vclsnippets', 'vclsnippet'), (), ('text/x-vclsnippet',)),
+    'VCTreeStatusLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.console', 'VCTreeStatus', ('vctreestatus',), (), ()),
+    'VGLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'VGL', ('vgl',), ('*.rpf',), ()),
+    'ValaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.c_like', 'Vala', ('vala', 'vapi'), ('*.vala', '*.vapi'), ('text/x-vala',)),
+    'VbNetAspxLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'aspx-vb', ('aspx-vb',), ('*.aspx', '*.asax', '*.ascx', '*.ashx', '*.asmx', '*.axd'), ()),
+    'VbNetLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'VB.net', ('vb.net', 'vbnet', 'lobas', 'oobas', 'sobas'), ('*.vb', '*.bas'), ('text/x-vbnet', 'text/x-vba')),
+    'VelocityHtmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'HTML+Velocity', ('html+velocity',), (), ('text/html+velocity',)),
+    'VelocityLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'Velocity', ('velocity',), ('*.vm', '*.fhtml'), ()),
+    'VelocityXmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Velocity', ('xml+velocity',), (), ('application/xml+velocity',)),
+    'VerilogLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'verilog', ('verilog', 'v'), ('*.v',), ('text/x-verilog',)),
+    'VhdlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.hdl', 'vhdl', ('vhdl',), ('*.vhdl', '*.vhd'), ('text/x-vhdl',)),
+    'VimLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.textedit', 'VimL', ('vim',), ('*.vim', '.vimrc', '.exrc', '.gvimrc', '_vimrc', '_exrc', '_gvimrc', 'vimrc', 'gvimrc'), ('text/x-vim',)),
+    'WDiffLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.diff', 'WDiff', ('wdiff',), ('*.wdiff',), ()),
+    'WatLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webassembly', 'WebAssembly', ('wast', 'wat'), ('*.wat', '*.wast'), ()),
+    'WebIDLLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webidl', 'Web IDL', ('webidl',), ('*.webidl',), ()),
+    'WgslLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wgsl', 'WebGPU Shading Language', ('wgsl',), ('*.wgsl',), ('text/wgsl',)),
+    'WhileyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.whiley', 'Whiley', ('whiley',), ('*.whiley',), ('text/x-whiley',)),
+    'WikitextLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.markup', 'Wikitext', ('wikitext', 'mediawiki'), (), ('text/x-wiki',)),
+    'WoWTocLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wowtoc', 'World of Warcraft TOC', ('wowtoc',), ('*.toc',), ()),
+    'WrenLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.wren', 'Wren', ('wren',), ('*.wren',), ()),
+    'X10Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.x10', 'X10', ('x10', 'xten'), ('*.x10',), ('text/x-x10',)),
+    'XMLUL4Lexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.ul4', 'XML+UL4', ('xml+ul4',), ('*.xmlul4',), ()),
+    'XQueryLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.webmisc', 'XQuery', ('xquery', 'xqy', 'xq', 'xql', 'xqm'), ('*.xqy', '*.xquery', '*.xq', '*.xql', '*.xqm'), ('text/xquery', 'application/xquery')),
+    'XmlDjangoLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Django/Jinja', ('xml+django', 'xml+jinja'), ('*.xml.j2', '*.xml.jinja2'), ('application/xml+django', 'application/xml+jinja')),
+    'XmlErbLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Ruby', ('xml+ruby', 'xml+erb'), (), ('application/xml+ruby',)),
+    'XmlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'XML', ('xml',), ('*.xml', '*.xsl', '*.rss', '*.xslt', '*.xsd', '*.wsdl', '*.wsf'), ('text/xml', 'application/xml', 'image/svg+xml', 'application/rss+xml', 'application/atom+xml')),
+    'XmlPhpLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+PHP', ('xml+php',), (), ('application/xml+php',)),
+    'XmlSmartyLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'XML+Smarty', ('xml+smarty',), (), ('application/xml+smarty',)),
+    'XorgLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.xorg', 'Xorg', ('xorg.conf',), ('xorg.conf',), ()),
+    'XppLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dotnet', 'X++', ('xpp', 'x++'), ('*.xpp',), ()),
+    'XsltLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.html', 'XSLT', ('xslt',), ('*.xsl', '*.xslt', '*.xpl'), ('application/xsl+xml', 'application/xslt+xml')),
+    'XtendLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.jvm', 'Xtend', ('xtend',), ('*.xtend',), ('text/x-xtend',)),
+    'XtlangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.lisp', 'xtlang', ('extempore',), ('*.xtm',), ()),
+    'YamlJinjaLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.templates', 'YAML+Jinja', ('yaml+jinja', 'salt', 'sls'), ('*.sls', '*.yaml.j2', '*.yml.j2', '*.yaml.jinja2', '*.yml.jinja2'), ('text/x-yaml+jinja', 'text/x-sls')),
+    'YamlLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.data', 'YAML', ('yaml',), ('*.yaml', '*.yml'), ('text/x-yaml',)),
+    'YangLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.yang', 'YANG', ('yang',), ('*.yang',), ('application/yang',)),
+    'ZeekLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.dsls', 'Zeek', ('zeek', 'bro'), ('*.zeek', '*.bro'), ()),
+    'ZephirLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.php', 'Zephir', ('zephir',), ('*.zep',), ()),
+    'ZigLexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.zig', 'Zig', ('zig',), ('*.zig',), ('text/zig',)),
+    'apdlexer': ('pip._vendor.pygments.lexers.apdlexer', 'ANSYS parametric design language', ('ansys', 'apdl'), ('*.ans',), ()),
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9bf2d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/lexers/python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@
+"""
+    pygments.lexers.python
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Lexers for Python and related languages.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+import keyword
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import DelegatingLexer, Lexer, RegexLexer, include, \
+    bygroups, using, default, words, combined, do_insertions, this, line_re
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import get_bool_opt, shebang_matches
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text, Comment, Operator, Keyword, Name, String, \
+    Number, Punctuation, Generic, Other, Error, Whitespace
+from pip._vendor.pygments import unistring as uni
+
+__all__ = ['PythonLexer', 'PythonConsoleLexer', 'PythonTracebackLexer',
+           'Python2Lexer', 'Python2TracebackLexer',
+           'CythonLexer', 'DgLexer', 'NumPyLexer']
+
+
+class PythonLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python source code (version 3.x).
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This is now the default ``PythonLexer``.  It is still available as the
+       alias ``Python3Lexer``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python'
+    url = 'http://www.python.org'
+    aliases = ['python', 'py', 'sage', 'python3', 'py3']
+    filenames = [
+        '*.py',
+        '*.pyw',
+        # Type stubs
+        '*.pyi',
+        # Jython
+        '*.jy',
+        # Sage
+        '*.sage',
+        # SCons
+        '*.sc',
+        'SConstruct',
+        'SConscript',
+        # Skylark/Starlark (used by Bazel, Buck, and Pants)
+        '*.bzl',
+        'BUCK',
+        'BUILD',
+        'BUILD.bazel',
+        'WORKSPACE',
+        # Twisted Application infrastructure
+        '*.tac',
+    ]
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python', 'application/x-python',
+                 'text/x-python3', 'application/x-python3']
+
+    uni_name = "[%s][%s]*" % (uni.xid_start, uni.xid_continue)
+
+    def innerstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # the old style '%s' % (...) string formatting (still valid in Py3)
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsaux%]', String.Interpol),
+            # the new style '{}'.format(...) string formatting
+            (r'\{'
+             r'((\w+)((\.\w+)|(\[[^\]]+\]))*)?'  # field name
+             r'(\![sra])?'                       # conversion
+             r'(\:(.?[<>=\^])?[-+ ]?#?0?(\d+)?,?(\.\d+)?[E-GXb-gnosx%]?)?'
+             r'\}', String.Interpol),
+
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"%{\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%|(\{{1,2})', ttype)
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    def fstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # Assuming that a '}' is the closing brace after format specifier.
+            # Sadly, this means that we won't detect syntax error. But it's
+            # more important to parse correct syntax correctly, than to
+            # highlight invalid syntax.
+            (r'\}', String.Interpol),
+            (r'\{', String.Interpol, 'expr-inside-fstring'),
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"{}\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})("""(?:.|\n)*?""")',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})('''(?:.|\n)*?''')",
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r'\A#!.+$', Comment.Hashbang),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment.Single),
+            (r'\\\n', Text),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            include('keywords'),
+            include('soft-keywords'),
+            (r'(def)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(class)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'fromimport'),
+            (r'(import)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'import'),
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr': [
+            # raw f-strings
+            ('(?i)(rf|fr)(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'tdqf')),
+            ("(?i)(rf|fr)(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'tsqf')),
+            ('(?i)(rf|fr)(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'dqf')),
+            ("(?i)(rf|fr)(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('rfstringescape', 'sqf')),
+            # non-raw f-strings
+            ('([fF])(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'tdqf')),
+            ("([fF])(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'tsqf')),
+            ('([fF])(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'dqf')),
+            ("([fF])(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('fstringescape', 'sqf')),
+            # raw bytes and strings
+            ('(?i)(rb|br|r)(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'tdqs'),
+            ("(?i)(rb|br|r)(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'tsqs'),
+            ('(?i)(rb|br|r)(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'dqs'),
+            ("(?i)(rb|br|r)(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'sqs'),
+            # non-raw strings
+            ('([uU]?)(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([uU]?)(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([uU]?)(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([uU]?)(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            # non-raw bytes
+            ('([bB])(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([bB])(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([bB])(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([bB])(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('bytesescape', 'sqs')),
+
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            include('numbers'),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|:=|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.]', Operator),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            include('expr-keywords'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            include('magicvars'),
+            include('name'),
+        ],
+        'expr-inside-fstring': [
+            (r'[{([]', Punctuation, 'expr-inside-fstring-inner'),
+            # without format specifier
+            (r'(=\s*)?'         # debug (https://bugs.python.org/issue36817)
+             r'(\![sraf])?'     # conversion
+             r'\}', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
+            # with format specifier
+            # we'll catch the remaining '}' in the outer scope
+            (r'(=\s*)?'         # debug (https://bugs.python.org/issue36817)
+             r'(\![sraf])?'     # conversion
+             r':', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
+            (r'\s+', Whitespace),  # allow new lines
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr-inside-fstring-inner': [
+            (r'[{([]', Punctuation, 'expr-inside-fstring-inner'),
+            (r'[])}]', Punctuation, '#pop'),
+            (r'\s+', Whitespace),  # allow new lines
+            include('expr'),
+        ],
+        'expr-keywords': [
+            # Based on https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html
+            (words((
+                'async for', 'await', 'else', 'for', 'if', 'lambda',
+                'yield', 'yield from'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (words(('True', 'False', 'None'), suffix=r'\b'), Keyword.Constant),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'continue', 'del', 'elif',
+                'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'global', 'if', 'lambda',
+                'pass', 'raise', 'nonlocal', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield',
+                'yield from', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (words(('True', 'False', 'None'), suffix=r'\b'), Keyword.Constant),
+        ],
+        'soft-keywords': [
+            # `match`, `case` and `_` soft keywords
+            (r'(^[ \t]*)'              # at beginning of line + possible indentation
+             r'(match|case)\b'         # a possible keyword
+             r'(?![ \t]*(?:'           # not followed by...
+             r'[:,;=^&|@~)\]}]|(?:' +  # characters and keywords that mean this isn't
+             r'|'.join(keyword.kwlist) + r')\b))',                 # pattern matching
+             bygroups(Text, Keyword), 'soft-keywords-inner'),
+        ],
+        'soft-keywords-inner': [
+            # optional `_` keyword
+            (r'(\s+)([^\n_]*)(_\b)', bygroups(Whitespace, using(this), Keyword)),
+            default('#pop')
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'aiter', 'all', 'any', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray',
+                'breakpoint', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile',
+                'complex', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval',
+                'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals',
+                'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance',
+                'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max',
+                'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow',
+                'print', 'property', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set',
+                'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super',
+                'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|cls)\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'DeprecationWarning',
+                'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'FloatingPointError',
+                'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError',
+                'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'KeyError',
+                'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'NameError',
+                'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning',
+                'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopIteration',
+                'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit',
+                'TabError', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'VMSError',
+                'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError',
+                # new builtin exceptions from PEP 3151
+                'BlockingIOError', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionError',
+                'BrokenPipeError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionRefusedError',
+                'ConnectionResetError', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError',
+                'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'NotADirectoryError',
+                'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'TimeoutError',
+                # others new in Python 3
+                'StopAsyncIteration', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'RecursionError',
+                'EncodingWarning'),
+                prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'magicfuncs': [
+            (words((
+                '__abs__', '__add__', '__aenter__', '__aexit__', '__aiter__',
+                '__and__', '__anext__', '__await__', '__bool__', '__bytes__',
+                '__call__', '__complex__', '__contains__', '__del__', '__delattr__',
+                '__delete__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__enter__',
+                '__eq__', '__exit__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__',
+                '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattr__', '__getattribute__',
+                '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__iand__',
+                '__ifloordiv__', '__ilshift__', '__imatmul__', '__imod__',
+                '__imul__', '__index__', '__init__', '__instancecheck__',
+                '__int__', '__invert__', '__ior__', '__ipow__', '__irshift__',
+                '__isub__', '__iter__', '__itruediv__', '__ixor__', '__le__',
+                '__len__', '__length_hint__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__matmul__',
+                '__missing__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__',
+                '__new__', '__next__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',
+                '__prepare__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__repr__',
+                '__reversed__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmatmul__',
+                '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__',
+                '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__',
+                '__rxor__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__str__',
+                '__sub__', '__subclasscheck__', '__truediv__',
+                '__xor__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Function.Magic),
+        ],
+        'magicvars': [
+            (words((
+                '__annotations__', '__bases__', '__class__', '__closure__',
+                '__code__', '__defaults__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__file__',
+                '__func__', '__globals__', '__kwdefaults__', '__module__',
+                '__mro__', '__name__', '__objclass__', '__qualname__',
+                '__self__', '__slots__', '__weakref__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Variable.Magic),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d(?:_?\d)*\.(?:\d(?:_?\d)*)?|(?:\d(?:_?\d)*)?\.\d(?:_?\d)*)'
+             r'([eE][+-]?\d(?:_?\d)*)?', Number.Float),
+            (r'\d(?:_?\d)*[eE][+-]?\d(?:_?\d)*j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0[oO](?:_?[0-7])+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[bB](?:_?[01])+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'0[xX](?:_?[a-fA-F0-9])+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d(?:_?\d)*', Number.Integer),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@' + uni_name, Name.Decorator),
+            (r'@', Operator),  # new matrix multiplication operator
+            (uni_name, Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            (uni_name, Name.Function, '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (uni_name, Name.Class, '#pop'),
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(\s+)(as)(\s+)', bygroups(Text, Keyword, Text)),
+            (r'\.', Name.Namespace),
+            (uni_name, Name.Namespace),
+            (r'(\s*)(,)(\s*)', bygroups(Text, Operator, Text)),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(\s+)(import)\b', bygroups(Text, Keyword.Namespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'\.', Name.Namespace),
+            # if None occurs here, it's "raise x from None", since None can
+            # never be a module name
+            (r'None\b', Keyword.Constant, '#pop'),
+            (uni_name, Name.Namespace),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'rfstringescape': [
+            (r'\{\{', String.Escape),
+            (r'\}\}', String.Escape),
+        ],
+        'fstringescape': [
+            include('rfstringescape'),
+            include('stringescape'),
+        ],
+        'bytesescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\(N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|U[a-fA-F0-9]{8})', String.Escape),
+            include('bytesescape')
+        ],
+        'fstrings-single': fstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'fstrings-double': fstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'strings-single': innerstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'strings-double': innerstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'dqf': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('fstrings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqf': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('fstrings-single')
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-single')
+        ],
+        'tdqf': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('fstrings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqf': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('fstrings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        return shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?(3(\.\d)?)?') or \
+            'import ' in text[:1000]
+
+
+Python3Lexer = PythonLexer
+
+
+class Python2Lexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python 2.x source code.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This class has been renamed from ``PythonLexer``.  ``PythonLexer`` now
+       refers to the Python 3 variant.  File name patterns like ``*.py`` have
+       been moved to Python 3 as well.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python 2.x'
+    url = 'http://www.python.org'
+    aliases = ['python2', 'py2']
+    filenames = []  # now taken over by PythonLexer (3.x)
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python2', 'application/x-python2']
+
+    def innerstring_rules(ttype):
+        return [
+            # the old style '%s' % (...) string formatting
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            # backslashes, quotes and formatting signs must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', ttype),
+            (r'[\'"\\]', ttype),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', ttype),
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ]
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})("""(?:.|\n)*?""")',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)([rRuUbB]{,2})('''(?:.|\n)*?''')",
+             bygroups(Whitespace, String.Affix, String.Doc)),
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            (r'\A#!.+$', Comment.Hashbang),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment.Single),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'\\\n', Text),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.]', Operator),
+            include('keywords'),
+            (r'(def)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(class)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'fromimport'),
+            (r'(import)((?:\s|\\\s)+)', bygroups(Keyword.Namespace, Text),
+             'import'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            include('magicvars'),
+            include('backtick'),
+            ('([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(""")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'tdqs'),
+            ("([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(''')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'tsqs'),
+            ('([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(")',
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double), 'dqs'),
+            ("([rR]|[uUbB][rR]|[rR][uUbB])(')",
+             bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single), 'sqs'),
+            ('([uUbB]?)(""")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("([uUbB]?)(''')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('([uUbB]?)(")', bygroups(String.Affix, String.Double),
+             combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("([uUbB]?)(')", bygroups(String.Affix, String.Single),
+             combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            include('name'),
+            include('numbers'),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'break', 'continue', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except',
+                'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'global', 'if', 'lambda', 'pass',
+                'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield',
+                'yield from', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin',
+                'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod',
+                'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'divmod',
+                'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'exit', 'file', 'filter', 'float',
+                'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id',
+                'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len',
+                'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max', 'min', 'next', 'object',
+                'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'property', 'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce',
+                'reload', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice',
+                'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type',
+                'unichr', 'unicode', 'vars', 'xrange', 'zip'),
+                prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|None|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|False|True|cls'
+             r')\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError',
+                'Exception', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit',
+                'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError',
+                'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',
+                'MemoryError', 'NameError',
+                'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'OverflowWarning',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError',
+                'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration',
+                'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit',
+                'TabError', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'VMSError', 'Warning',
+                'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'magicfuncs': [
+            (words((
+                '__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__call__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__',
+                '__complex__', '__contains__', '__del__', '__delattr__', '__delete__',
+                '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__enter__',
+                '__eq__', '__exit__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__ge__', '__get__',
+                '__getattr__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__',
+                '__hash__', '__hex__', '__iadd__', '__iand__', '__idiv__', '__ifloordiv__',
+                '__ilshift__', '__imod__', '__imul__', '__index__', '__init__',
+                '__instancecheck__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__iop__', '__ior__',
+                '__ipow__', '__irshift__', '__isub__', '__iter__', '__itruediv__',
+                '__ixor__', '__le__', '__len__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__lt__',
+                '__missing__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__',
+                '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__op__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__',
+                '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rcmp__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__repr__',
+                '__reversed__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__',
+                '__rop__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__',
+                '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__',
+                '__setslice__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasscheck__', '__truediv__',
+                '__unicode__', '__xor__'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Function.Magic),
+        ],
+        'magicvars': [
+            (words((
+                '__bases__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defaults__',
+                '__dict__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__func__', '__globals__',
+                '__metaclass__', '__module__', '__mro__', '__name__', '__self__',
+                '__slots__', '__weakref__'),
+                suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Variable.Magic),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d+\.\d*|\d*\.\d+)([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'\d+[eE][+-]?[0-9]+j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0[0-7]+j?', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[bB][01]+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'0[xX][a-fA-F0-9]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d+L', Number.Integer.Long),
+            (r'\d+j?', Number.Integer)
+        ],
+        'backtick': [
+            ('`.*?`', String.Backtick),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@[\w.]+', Name.Decorator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            include('magicfuncs'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Function, '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Class, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(?:[ \t]|\\\n)+', Text),
+            (r'as\b', Keyword.Namespace),
+            (r',', Operator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(?:[ \t]|\\\n)+', Text),
+            (r'import\b', Keyword.Namespace, '#pop'),
+            # if None occurs here, it's "raise x from None", since None can
+            # never be a module name
+            (r'None\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo, '#pop'),
+            # sadly, in "raise x from y" y will be highlighted as namespace too
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_.][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            # anything else here also means "raise x from y" and is therefore
+            # not an error
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'strings-single': innerstring_rules(String.Single),
+        'strings-double': innerstring_rules(String.Double),
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-double')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here for raw strings
+            include('strings-single')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String.Double, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-double'),
+            (r'\n', String.Double)
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String.Single, '#pop'),
+            include('strings-single'),
+            (r'\n', String.Single)
+        ],
+    }
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        return shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?2(\.\d)?')
+
+class _PythonConsoleLexerBase(RegexLexer):
+    name = 'Python console session'
+    aliases = ['pycon']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-doctest']
+
+    """Auxiliary lexer for `PythonConsoleLexer`.
+
+    Code tokens are output as ``Token.Other.Code``, traceback tokens as
+    ``Token.Other.Traceback``.
+    """
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'(>>> )(.*\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Other.Code), 'continuations'),
+            # This happens, e.g., when tracebacks are embedded in documentation;
+            # trailing whitespaces are often stripped in such contexts.
+            (r'(>>>)(\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Whitespace)),
+            (r'(\^C)?Traceback \(most recent call last\):\n', Other.Traceback, 'traceback'),
+            # SyntaxError starts with this
+            (r'  File "[^"]+", line \d+', Other.Traceback, 'traceback'),
+            (r'.*\n', Generic.Output),
+        ],
+        'continuations': [
+            (r'(\.\.\. )(.*\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Other.Code)),
+            # See above.
+            (r'(\.\.\.)(\n)', bygroups(Generic.Prompt, Whitespace)),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'traceback': [
+            # As soon as we see a traceback, consume everything until the next
+            # >>> prompt.
+            (r'(?=>>>( |$))', Text, '#pop'),
+            (r'(KeyboardInterrupt)(\n)', bygroups(Name.Class, Whitespace)),
+            (r'.*\n', Other.Traceback),
+        ],
+    }
+
+class PythonConsoleLexer(DelegatingLexer):
+    """
+    For Python console output or doctests, such as:
+
+    .. sourcecode:: pycon
+
+        >>> a = 'foo'
+        >>> print(a)
+        foo
+        >>> 1 / 0
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+          File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+        ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
+
+    Additional options:
+
+    `python3`
+        Use Python 3 lexer for code.  Default is ``True``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.0
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+           Now defaults to ``True``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python console session'
+    aliases = ['pycon']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-doctest']
+
+    def __init__(self, **options):
+        python3 = get_bool_opt(options, 'python3', True)
+        if python3:
+            pylexer = PythonLexer
+            tblexer = PythonTracebackLexer
+        else:
+            pylexer = Python2Lexer
+            tblexer = Python2TracebackLexer
+        # We have two auxiliary lexers. Use DelegatingLexer twice with
+        # different tokens.  TODO: DelegatingLexer should support this
+        # directly, by accepting a tuplet of auxiliary lexers and a tuple of
+        # distinguishing tokens. Then we wouldn't need this intermediary
+        # class.
+        class _ReplaceInnerCode(DelegatingLexer):
+            def __init__(self, **options):
+                super().__init__(pylexer, _PythonConsoleLexerBase, Other.Code, **options)
+        super().__init__(tblexer, _ReplaceInnerCode, Other.Traceback, **options)
+
+class PythonTracebackLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python 3.x tracebacks, with support for chained exceptions.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.0
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This is now the default ``PythonTracebackLexer``.  It is still available
+       as the alias ``Python3TracebackLexer``.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python Traceback'
+    aliases = ['pytb', 'py3tb']
+    filenames = ['*.pytb', '*.py3tb']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python-traceback', 'text/x-python3-traceback']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\^C)?Traceback \(most recent call last\):\n', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^During handling of the above exception, another '
+             r'exception occurred:\n\n', Generic.Traceback),
+            (r'^The above exception was the direct cause of the '
+             r'following exception:\n\n', Generic.Traceback),
+            (r'^(?=  File "[^"]+", line \d+)', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^.*\n', Other),
+        ],
+        'intb': [
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(, in )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Text, Name, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(    )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, using(PythonLexer), Whitespace), 'markers'),
+            (r'^([ \t]*)(\.\.\.)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, Comment, Whitespace)),  # for doctests...
+            (r'^([^:]+)(: )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Text, Name, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'^([a-zA-Z_][\w.]*)(:?\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'markers': [
+            # Either `PEP 657 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0657/>`
+            # error locations in Python 3.11+, or single-caret markers
+            # for syntax errors before that.
+            (r'^( {4,})([~^]+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Whitespace, Punctuation.Marker, Whitespace),
+             '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+Python3TracebackLexer = PythonTracebackLexer
+
+
+class Python2TracebackLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Python tracebacks.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 2.5
+       This class has been renamed from ``PythonTracebackLexer``.
+       ``PythonTracebackLexer`` now refers to the Python 3 variant.
+    """
+
+    name = 'Python 2.x Traceback'
+    aliases = ['py2tb']
+    filenames = ['*.py2tb']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-python2-traceback']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            # Cover both (most recent call last) and (innermost last)
+            # The optional ^C allows us to catch keyboard interrupt signals.
+            (r'^(\^C)?(Traceback.*\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Generic.Traceback), 'intb'),
+            # SyntaxError starts with this.
+            (r'^(?=  File "[^"]+", line \d+)', Generic.Traceback, 'intb'),
+            (r'^.*\n', Other),
+        ],
+        'intb': [
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(, in )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Text, Name, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(  File )("[^"]+")(, line )(\d+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Name.Builtin, Text, Number, Whitespace)),
+            (r'^(    )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, using(Python2Lexer), Whitespace), 'marker'),
+            (r'^([ \t]*)(\.\.\.)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Text, Comment, Whitespace)),  # for doctests...
+            (r'^([^:]+)(: )(.+)(\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Text, Name, Whitespace), '#pop'),
+            (r'^([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(:?\n)',
+             bygroups(Generic.Error, Whitespace), '#pop')
+        ],
+        'marker': [
+            # For syntax errors.
+            (r'( {4,})(\^)', bygroups(Text, Punctuation.Marker), '#pop'),
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class CythonLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    For Pyrex and Cython source code.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.1
+    """
+
+    name = 'Cython'
+    url = 'http://cython.org'
+    aliases = ['cython', 'pyx', 'pyrex']
+    filenames = ['*.pyx', '*.pxd', '*.pxi']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-cython', 'application/x-cython']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'^(\s*)("""(?:.|\n)*?""")', bygroups(Whitespace, String.Doc)),
+            (r"^(\s*)('''(?:.|\n)*?''')", bygroups(Whitespace, String.Doc)),
+            (r'[^\S\n]+', Text),
+            (r'#.*$', Comment),
+            (r'[]{}:(),;[]', Punctuation),
+            (r'\\\n', Whitespace),
+            (r'\\', Text),
+            (r'(in|is|and|or|not)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'(<)([a-zA-Z0-9.?]+)(>)',
+             bygroups(Punctuation, Keyword.Type, Punctuation)),
+            (r'!=|==|<<|>>|[-~+/*%=<>&^|.?]', Operator),
+            (r'(from)(\d+)(<=)(\s+)(<)(\d+)(:)',
+             bygroups(Keyword, Number.Integer, Operator, Name, Operator,
+                      Name, Punctuation)),
+            include('keywords'),
+            (r'(def|property)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
+            (r'(cp?def)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'cdef'),
+            # (should actually start a block with only cdefs)
+            (r'(cdef)(:)', bygroups(Keyword, Punctuation)),
+            (r'(class|struct)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'classname'),
+            (r'(from)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'fromimport'),
+            (r'(c?import)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'import'),
+            include('builtins'),
+            include('backtick'),
+            ('(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])"""', String, 'tdqs'),
+            ("(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])'''", String, 'tsqs'),
+            ('(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])"', String, 'dqs'),
+            ("(?:[rR]|[uU][rR]|[rR][uU])'", String, 'sqs'),
+            ('[uU]?"""', String, combined('stringescape', 'tdqs')),
+            ("[uU]?'''", String, combined('stringescape', 'tsqs')),
+            ('[uU]?"', String, combined('stringescape', 'dqs')),
+            ("[uU]?'", String, combined('stringescape', 'sqs')),
+            include('name'),
+            include('numbers'),
+        ],
+        'keywords': [
+            (words((
+                'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'by', 'continue', 'ctypedef', 'del', 'elif',
+                'else', 'except', 'except?', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'fused', 'gil',
+                'global', 'if', 'include', 'lambda', 'nogil', 'pass', 'print',
+                'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'yield', 'as', 'with'), suffix=r'\b'),
+             Keyword),
+            (r'(DEF|IF|ELIF|ELSE)\b', Comment.Preproc),
+        ],
+        'builtins': [
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'apply', 'basestring', 'bin', 'bint',
+                'bool', 'buffer', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr',
+                'classmethod', 'cmp', 'coerce', 'compile', 'complex', 'delattr',
+                'dict', 'dir', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'execfile', 'exit',
+                'file', 'filter', 'float', 'frozenset', 'getattr', 'globals',
+                'hasattr', 'hash', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'intern', 'isinstance',
+                'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'list', 'locals', 'long', 'map', 'max',
+                'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'property', 'Py_ssize_t',
+                'range', 'raw_input', 'reduce', 'reload', 'repr', 'reversed',
+                'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod',
+                'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'unichr', 'unicode', 'unsigned',
+                'vars', 'xrange', 'zip'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r'(?<!\.)(self|None|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|False|True|NULL'
+             r')\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+            (words((
+                'ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError',
+                'BaseException', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'EnvironmentError',
+                'Exception', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit',
+                'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError',
+                'IndexError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError',
+                'MemoryError', 'NameError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError',
+                'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'OverflowWarning',
+                'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'ReferenceError', 'RuntimeError',
+                'RuntimeWarning', 'StandardError', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError',
+                'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError',
+                'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError',
+                'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError',
+                'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning',
+                'ZeroDivisionError'), prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'\b'),
+             Name.Exception),
+        ],
+        'numbers': [
+            (r'(\d+\.?\d*|\d*\.\d+)([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?', Number.Float),
+            (r'0\d+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'0[xX][a-fA-F0-9]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'\d+L', Number.Integer.Long),
+            (r'\d+', Number.Integer)
+        ],
+        'backtick': [
+            ('`.*?`', String.Backtick),
+        ],
+        'name': [
+            (r'@\w+', Name.Decorator),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name),
+        ],
+        'funcname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Function, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'cdef': [
+            (r'(public|readonly|extern|api|inline)\b', Keyword.Reserved),
+            (r'(struct|enum|union|class)\b', Keyword),
+            (r'([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\s*)(?=[(:#=]|$)',
+             bygroups(Name.Function, Text), '#pop'),
+            (r'([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\s*)(,)',
+             bygroups(Name.Function, Text, Punctuation)),
+            (r'from\b', Keyword, '#pop'),
+            (r'as\b', Keyword),
+            (r':', Punctuation, '#pop'),
+            (r'(?=["\'])', Text, '#pop'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Keyword.Type),
+            (r'.', Text),
+        ],
+        'classname': [
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*', Name.Class, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'import': [
+            (r'(\s+)(as)(\s+)', bygroups(Text, Keyword, Text)),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            (r'(\s*)(,)(\s*)', bygroups(Text, Operator, Text)),
+            default('#pop')  # all else: go back
+        ],
+        'fromimport': [
+            (r'(\s+)(c?import)\b', bygroups(Text, Keyword), '#pop'),
+            (r'[a-zA-Z_.][\w.]*', Name.Namespace),
+            # ``cdef foo from "header"``, or ``for foo from 0 < i < 10``
+            default('#pop'),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'strings': [
+            (r'%(\([a-zA-Z0-9]+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', String),
+            # quotes, percents and backslashes must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[\'"\\]', String),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', String)
+            # newlines are an error (use "nl" state)
+        ],
+        'nl': [
+            (r'\n', String)
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String, '#pop'),
+            (r'\\\\|\\"|\\\n', String.Escape),  # included here again for raw strings
+            include('strings')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String, '#pop'),
+            (r"\\\\|\\'|\\\n", String.Escape),  # included here again for raw strings
+            include('strings')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String, '#pop'),
+            include('strings'),
+            include('nl')
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String, '#pop'),
+            include('strings'),
+            include('nl')
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class DgLexer(RegexLexer):
+    """
+    Lexer for dg,
+    a functional and object-oriented programming language
+    running on the CPython 3 VM.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.6
+    """
+    name = 'dg'
+    aliases = ['dg']
+    filenames = ['*.dg']
+    mimetypes = ['text/x-dg']
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            (r'\s+', Text),
+            (r'#.*?$', Comment.Single),
+
+            (r'(?i)0b[01]+', Number.Bin),
+            (r'(?i)0o[0-7]+', Number.Oct),
+            (r'(?i)0x[0-9a-f]+', Number.Hex),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(e[+-]?[0-9]+)?j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+e[+-]?\d+j?', Number.Float),
+            (r'(?i)[+-]?[0-9]+j?', Number.Integer),
+
+            (r"(?i)(br|r?b?)'''", String, combined('stringescape', 'tsqs', 'string')),
+            (r'(?i)(br|r?b?)"""', String, combined('stringescape', 'tdqs', 'string')),
+            (r"(?i)(br|r?b?)'", String, combined('stringescape', 'sqs', 'string')),
+            (r'(?i)(br|r?b?)"', String, combined('stringescape', 'dqs', 'string')),
+
+            (r"`\w+'*`", Operator),
+            (r'\b(and|in|is|or|where)\b', Operator.Word),
+            (r'[!$%&*+\-./:<-@\\^|~;,]+', Operator),
+
+            (words((
+                'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'classmethod', 'complex', 'dict', 'dict\'',
+                'float', 'frozenset', 'int', 'list', 'list\'', 'memoryview', 'object',
+                'property', 'range', 'set', 'set\'', 'slice', 'staticmethod', 'str',
+                'super', 'tuple', 'tuple\'', 'type'),
+                   prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'(?![\'\w])'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (words((
+                '__import__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'bin', 'bind', 'chr', 'cmp', 'compile',
+                'complex', 'delattr', 'dir', 'divmod', 'drop', 'dropwhile', 'enumerate',
+                'eval', 'exhaust', 'filter', 'flip', 'foldl1?', 'format', 'fst',
+                'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'head', 'hex', 'id', 'init',
+                'input', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'iterate', 'last', 'len',
+                'locals', 'map', 'max', 'min', 'next', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow',
+                'print', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'setattr', 'scanl1?', 'snd',
+                'sorted', 'sum', 'tail', 'take', 'takewhile', 'vars', 'zip'),
+                   prefix=r'(?<!\.)', suffix=r'(?![\'\w])'),
+             Name.Builtin),
+            (r"(?<!\.)(self|Ellipsis|NotImplemented|None|True|False)(?!['\w])",
+             Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
+
+            (r"(?<!\.)[A-Z]\w*(Error|Exception|Warning)'*(?!['\w])",
+             Name.Exception),
+            (r"(?<!\.)(Exception|GeneratorExit|KeyboardInterrupt|StopIteration|"
+             r"SystemExit)(?!['\w])", Name.Exception),
+
+            (r"(?<![\w.])(except|finally|for|if|import|not|otherwise|raise|"
+             r"subclass|while|with|yield)(?!['\w])", Keyword.Reserved),
+
+            (r"[A-Z_]+'*(?!['\w])", Name),
+            (r"[A-Z]\w+'*(?!['\w])", Keyword.Type),
+            (r"\w+'*", Name),
+
+            (r'[()]', Punctuation),
+            (r'.', Error),
+        ],
+        'stringescape': [
+            (r'\\([\\abfnrtv"\']|\n|N\{.*?\}|u[a-fA-F0-9]{4}|'
+             r'U[a-fA-F0-9]{8}|x[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|[0-7]{1,3})', String.Escape)
+        ],
+        'string': [
+            (r'%(\(\w+\))?[-#0 +]*([0-9]+|[*])?(\.([0-9]+|[*]))?'
+             '[hlL]?[E-GXc-giorsux%]', String.Interpol),
+            (r'[^\\\'"%\n]+', String),
+            # quotes, percents and backslashes must be parsed one at a time
+            (r'[\'"\\]', String),
+            # unhandled string formatting sign
+            (r'%', String),
+            (r'\n', String)
+        ],
+        'dqs': [
+            (r'"', String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'sqs': [
+            (r"'", String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'tdqs': [
+            (r'"""', String, '#pop')
+        ],
+        'tsqs': [
+            (r"'''", String, '#pop')
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class NumPyLexer(PythonLexer):
+    """
+    A Python lexer recognizing Numerical Python builtins.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.10
+    """
+
+    name = 'NumPy'
+    url = 'https://numpy.org/'
+    aliases = ['numpy']
+
+    # override the mimetypes to not inherit them from python
+    mimetypes = []
+    filenames = []
+
+    EXTRA_KEYWORDS = {
+        'abs', 'absolute', 'accumulate', 'add', 'alen', 'all', 'allclose',
+        'alltrue', 'alterdot', 'amax', 'amin', 'angle', 'any', 'append',
+        'apply_along_axis', 'apply_over_axes', 'arange', 'arccos', 'arccosh',
+        'arcsin', 'arcsinh', 'arctan', 'arctan2', 'arctanh', 'argmax', 'argmin',
+        'argsort', 'argwhere', 'around', 'array', 'array2string', 'array_equal',
+        'array_equiv', 'array_repr', 'array_split', 'array_str', 'arrayrange',
+        'asanyarray', 'asarray', 'asarray_chkfinite', 'ascontiguousarray',
+        'asfarray', 'asfortranarray', 'asmatrix', 'asscalar', 'astype',
+        'atleast_1d', 'atleast_2d', 'atleast_3d', 'average', 'bartlett',
+        'base_repr', 'beta', 'binary_repr', 'bincount', 'binomial',
+        'bitwise_and', 'bitwise_not', 'bitwise_or', 'bitwise_xor', 'blackman',
+        'bmat', 'broadcast', 'byte_bounds', 'bytes', 'byteswap', 'c_',
+        'can_cast', 'ceil', 'choose', 'clip', 'column_stack', 'common_type',
+        'compare_chararrays', 'compress', 'concatenate', 'conj', 'conjugate',
+        'convolve', 'copy', 'corrcoef', 'correlate', 'cos', 'cosh', 'cov',
+        'cross', 'cumprod', 'cumproduct', 'cumsum', 'delete', 'deprecate',
+        'diag', 'diagflat', 'diagonal', 'diff', 'digitize', 'disp', 'divide',
+        'dot', 'dsplit', 'dstack', 'dtype', 'dump', 'dumps', 'ediff1d', 'empty',
+        'empty_like', 'equal', 'exp', 'expand_dims', 'expm1', 'extract', 'eye',
+        'fabs', 'fastCopyAndTranspose', 'fft', 'fftfreq', 'fftshift', 'fill',
+        'finfo', 'fix', 'flat', 'flatnonzero', 'flatten', 'fliplr', 'flipud',
+        'floor', 'floor_divide', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fromarrays', 'frombuffer',
+        'fromfile', 'fromfunction', 'fromiter', 'frompyfunc', 'fromstring',
+        'generic', 'get_array_wrap', 'get_include', 'get_numarray_include',
+        'get_numpy_include', 'get_printoptions', 'getbuffer', 'getbufsize',
+        'geterr', 'geterrcall', 'geterrobj', 'getfield', 'gradient', 'greater',
+        'greater_equal', 'gumbel', 'hamming', 'hanning', 'histogram',
+        'histogram2d', 'histogramdd', 'hsplit', 'hstack', 'hypot', 'i0',
+        'identity', 'ifft', 'imag', 'index_exp', 'indices', 'inf', 'info',
+        'inner', 'insert', 'int_asbuffer', 'interp', 'intersect1d',
+        'intersect1d_nu', 'inv', 'invert', 'iscomplex', 'iscomplexobj',
+        'isfinite', 'isfortran', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isneginf', 'isposinf',
+        'isreal', 'isrealobj', 'isscalar', 'issctype', 'issubclass_',
+        'issubdtype', 'issubsctype', 'item', 'itemset', 'iterable', 'ix_',
+        'kaiser', 'kron', 'ldexp', 'left_shift', 'less', 'less_equal', 'lexsort',
+        'linspace', 'load', 'loads', 'loadtxt', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2',
+        'logical_and', 'logical_not', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor', 'logspace',
+        'lstsq', 'mat', 'matrix', 'max', 'maximum', 'maximum_sctype',
+        'may_share_memory', 'mean', 'median', 'meshgrid', 'mgrid', 'min',
+        'minimum', 'mintypecode', 'mod', 'modf', 'msort', 'multiply', 'nan',
+        'nan_to_num', 'nanargmax', 'nanargmin', 'nanmax', 'nanmin', 'nansum',
+        'ndenumerate', 'ndim', 'ndindex', 'negative', 'newaxis', 'newbuffer',
+        'newbyteorder', 'nonzero', 'not_equal', 'obj2sctype', 'ogrid', 'ones',
+        'ones_like', 'outer', 'permutation', 'piecewise', 'pinv', 'pkgload',
+        'place', 'poisson', 'poly', 'poly1d', 'polyadd', 'polyder', 'polydiv',
+        'polyfit', 'polyint', 'polymul', 'polysub', 'polyval', 'power', 'prod',
+        'product', 'ptp', 'put', 'putmask', 'r_', 'randint', 'random_integers',
+        'random_sample', 'ranf', 'rank', 'ravel', 'real', 'real_if_close',
+        'recarray', 'reciprocal', 'reduce', 'remainder', 'repeat', 'require',
+        'reshape', 'resize', 'restoredot', 'right_shift', 'rint', 'roll',
+        'rollaxis', 'roots', 'rot90', 'round', 'round_', 'row_stack', 's_',
+        'sample', 'savetxt', 'sctype2char', 'searchsorted', 'seed', 'select',
+        'set_numeric_ops', 'set_printoptions', 'set_string_function',
+        'setbufsize', 'setdiff1d', 'seterr', 'seterrcall', 'seterrobj',
+        'setfield', 'setflags', 'setmember1d', 'setxor1d', 'shape',
+        'show_config', 'shuffle', 'sign', 'signbit', 'sin', 'sinc', 'sinh',
+        'size', 'slice', 'solve', 'sometrue', 'sort', 'sort_complex', 'source',
+        'split', 'sqrt', 'square', 'squeeze', 'standard_normal', 'std',
+        'subtract', 'sum', 'svd', 'swapaxes', 'take', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tensordot',
+        'test', 'tile', 'tofile', 'tolist', 'tostring', 'trace', 'transpose',
+        'trapz', 'tri', 'tril', 'trim_zeros', 'triu', 'true_divide', 'typeDict',
+        'typename', 'uniform', 'union1d', 'unique', 'unique1d', 'unravel_index',
+        'unwrap', 'vander', 'var', 'vdot', 'vectorize', 'view', 'vonmises',
+        'vsplit', 'vstack', 'weibull', 'where', 'who', 'zeros', 'zeros_like'
+    }
+
+    def get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+        for index, token, value in \
+                PythonLexer.get_tokens_unprocessed(self, text):
+            if token is Name and value in self.EXTRA_KEYWORDS:
+                yield index, Keyword.Pseudo, value
+            else:
+                yield index, token, value
+
+    def analyse_text(text):
+        ltext = text[:1000]
+        return (shebang_matches(text, r'pythonw?(3(\.\d)?)?') or
+                'import ' in ltext) \
+            and ('import numpy' in ltext or 'from numpy import' in ltext)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b6f6a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/modeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""
+    pygments.modeline
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A simple modeline parser (based on pymodeline).
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+__all__ = ['get_filetype_from_buffer']
+
+
+modeline_re = re.compile(r'''
+    (?: vi | vim | ex ) (?: [<=>]? \d* )? :
+    .* (?: ft | filetype | syn | syntax ) = ( [^:\s]+ )
+''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+
+def get_filetype_from_line(l):
+    m = modeline_re.search(l)
+    if m:
+        return m.group(1)
+
+
+def get_filetype_from_buffer(buf, max_lines=5):
+    """
+    Scan the buffer for modelines and return filetype if one is found.
+    """
+    lines = buf.splitlines()
+    for l in lines[-1:-max_lines-1:-1]:
+        ret = get_filetype_from_line(l)
+        if ret:
+            return ret
+    for i in range(max_lines, -1, -1):
+        if i < len(lines):
+            ret = get_filetype_from_line(lines[i])
+            if ret:
+                return ret
+
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b722d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""
+    pygments.plugin
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Pygments plugin interface. By default, this tries to use
+    ``importlib.metadata``, which is in the Python standard
+    library since Python 3.8, or its ``importlib_metadata``
+    backport for earlier versions of Python. It falls back on
+    ``pkg_resources`` if not found. Finally, if ``pkg_resources``
+    is not found either, no plugins are loaded at all.
+
+    lexer plugins::
+
+        [pygments.lexers]
+        yourlexer = yourmodule:YourLexer
+
+    formatter plugins::
+
+        [pygments.formatters]
+        yourformatter = yourformatter:YourFormatter
+        /.ext = yourformatter:YourFormatter
+
+    As you can see, you can define extensions for the formatter
+    with a leading slash.
+
+    syntax plugins::
+
+        [pygments.styles]
+        yourstyle = yourstyle:YourStyle
+
+    filter plugin::
+
+        [pygments.filter]
+        yourfilter = yourfilter:YourFilter
+
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+LEXER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.lexers'
+FORMATTER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.formatters'
+STYLE_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.styles'
+FILTER_ENTRY_POINT = 'pygments.filters'
+
+
+def iter_entry_points(group_name):
+    try:
+        from importlib.metadata import entry_points
+    except ImportError:
+        try:
+            from importlib_metadata import entry_points
+        except ImportError:
+            try:
+                from pip._vendor.pkg_resources import iter_entry_points
+            except (ImportError, OSError):
+                return []
+            else:
+                return iter_entry_points(group_name)
+    groups = entry_points()
+    if hasattr(groups, 'select'):
+        # New interface in Python 3.10 and newer versions of the
+        # importlib_metadata backport.
+        return groups.select(group=group_name)
+    else:
+        # Older interface, deprecated in Python 3.10 and recent
+        # importlib_metadata, but we need it in Python 3.8 and 3.9.
+        return groups.get(group_name, [])
+
+
+def find_plugin_lexers():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(LEXER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_formatters():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(FORMATTER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_styles():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(STYLE_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
+
+
+def find_plugin_filters():
+    for entrypoint in iter_entry_points(FILTER_ENTRY_POINT):
+        yield entrypoint.name, entrypoint.load()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45223ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/regexopt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""
+    pygments.regexopt
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    An algorithm that generates optimized regexes for matching long lists of
+    literal strings.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+from re import escape
+from os.path import commonprefix
+from itertools import groupby
+from operator import itemgetter
+
+CS_ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\[\^\\\-\]]')
+FIRST_ELEMENT = itemgetter(0)
+
+
+def make_charset(letters):
+    return '[' + CS_ESCAPE.sub(lambda m: '\\' + m.group(), ''.join(letters)) + ']'
+
+
+def regex_opt_inner(strings, open_paren):
+    """Return a regex that matches any string in the sorted list of strings."""
+    close_paren = open_paren and ')' or ''
+    # print strings, repr(open_paren)
+    if not strings:
+        # print '-> nothing left'
+        return ''
+    first = strings[0]
+    if len(strings) == 1:
+        # print '-> only 1 string'
+        return open_paren + escape(first) + close_paren
+    if not first:
+        # print '-> first string empty'
+        return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(strings[1:], '(?:') \
+            + '?' + close_paren
+    if len(first) == 1:
+        # multiple one-char strings? make a charset
+        oneletter = []
+        rest = []
+        for s in strings:
+            if len(s) == 1:
+                oneletter.append(s)
+            else:
+                rest.append(s)
+        if len(oneletter) > 1:  # do we have more than one oneletter string?
+            if rest:
+                # print '-> 1-character + rest'
+                return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(rest, '') + '|' \
+                    + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
+            # print '-> only 1-character'
+            return open_paren + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
+    prefix = commonprefix(strings)
+    if prefix:
+        plen = len(prefix)
+        # we have a prefix for all strings
+        # print '-> prefix:', prefix
+        return open_paren + escape(prefix) \
+            + regex_opt_inner([s[plen:] for s in strings], '(?:') \
+            + close_paren
+    # is there a suffix?
+    strings_rev = [s[::-1] for s in strings]
+    suffix = commonprefix(strings_rev)
+    if suffix:
+        slen = len(suffix)
+        # print '-> suffix:', suffix[::-1]
+        return open_paren \
+            + regex_opt_inner(sorted(s[:-slen] for s in strings), '(?:') \
+            + escape(suffix[::-1]) + close_paren
+    # recurse on common 1-string prefixes
+    # print '-> last resort'
+    return open_paren + \
+        '|'.join(regex_opt_inner(list(group[1]), '')
+                 for group in groupby(strings, lambda s: s[0] == first[0])) \
+        + close_paren
+
+
+def regex_opt(strings, prefix='', suffix=''):
+    """Return a compiled regex that matches any string in the given list.
+
+    The strings to match must be literal strings, not regexes.  They will be
+    regex-escaped.
+
+    *prefix* and *suffix* are pre- and appended to the final regex.
+    """
+    strings = sorted(strings)
+    return prefix + regex_opt_inner(strings, '(') + suffix
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32a2f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/scanner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+    pygments.scanner
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    This library implements a regex based scanner. Some languages
+    like Pascal are easy to parse but have some keywords that
+    depend on the context. Because of this it's impossible to lex
+    that just by using a regular expression lexer like the
+    `RegexLexer`.
+
+    Have a look at the `DelphiLexer` to get an idea of how to use
+    this scanner.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+import re
+
+
+class EndOfText(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raise if end of text is reached and the user
+    tried to call a match function.
+    """
+
+
+class Scanner:
+    """
+    Simple scanner
+
+    All method patterns are regular expression strings (not
+    compiled expressions!)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, text, flags=0):
+        """
+        :param text:    The text which should be scanned
+        :param flags:   default regular expression flags
+        """
+        self.data = text
+        self.data_length = len(text)
+        self.start_pos = 0
+        self.pos = 0
+        self.flags = flags
+        self.last = None
+        self.match = None
+        self._re_cache = {}
+
+    def eos(self):
+        """`True` if the scanner reached the end of text."""
+        return self.pos >= self.data_length
+    eos = property(eos, eos.__doc__)
+
+    def check(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Apply `pattern` on the current position and return
+        the match object. (Doesn't touch pos). Use this for
+        lookahead.
+        """
+        if self.eos:
+            raise EndOfText()
+        if pattern not in self._re_cache:
+            self._re_cache[pattern] = re.compile(pattern, self.flags)
+        return self._re_cache[pattern].match(self.data, self.pos)
+
+    def test(self, pattern):
+        """Apply a pattern on the current position and check
+        if it patches. Doesn't touch pos.
+        """
+        return self.check(pattern) is not None
+
+    def scan(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Scan the text for the given pattern and update pos/match
+        and related fields. The return value is a boolean that
+        indicates if the pattern matched. The matched value is
+        stored on the instance as ``match``, the last value is
+        stored as ``last``. ``start_pos`` is the position of the
+        pointer before the pattern was matched, ``pos`` is the
+        end position.
+        """
+        if self.eos:
+            raise EndOfText()
+        if pattern not in self._re_cache:
+            self._re_cache[pattern] = re.compile(pattern, self.flags)
+        self.last = self.match
+        m = self._re_cache[pattern].match(self.data, self.pos)
+        if m is None:
+            return False
+        self.start_pos = m.start()
+        self.pos = m.end()
+        self.match = m.group()
+        return True
+
+    def get_char(self):
+        """Scan exactly one char."""
+        self.scan('.')
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %d/%d>' % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.pos,
+            self.data_length
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7facd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/sphinxext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+"""
+    pygments.sphinxext
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Sphinx extension to generate automatic documentation of lexers,
+    formatters and filters.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
+from sphinx.util.nodes import nested_parse_with_titles
+
+
+MODULEDOC = '''
+.. module:: %s
+
+%s
+%s
+'''
+
+LEXERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Short names: %s
+    :Filenames:   %s
+    :MIME types:  %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+FMTERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Short names: %s
+    :Filenames: %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+FILTERDOC = '''
+.. class:: %s
+
+    :Name: %s
+
+    %s
+
+'''
+
+
+class PygmentsDoc(Directive):
+    """
+    A directive to collect all lexers/formatters/filters and generate
+    autoclass directives for them.
+    """
+    has_content = False
+    required_arguments = 1
+    optional_arguments = 0
+    final_argument_whitespace = False
+    option_spec = {}
+
+    def run(self):
+        self.filenames = set()
+        if self.arguments[0] == 'lexers':
+            out = self.document_lexers()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'formatters':
+            out = self.document_formatters()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'filters':
+            out = self.document_filters()
+        elif self.arguments[0] == 'lexers_overview':
+            out = self.document_lexers_overview()
+        else:
+            raise Exception('invalid argument for "pygmentsdoc" directive')
+        node = nodes.compound()
+        vl = ViewList(out.split('\n'), source='')
+        nested_parse_with_titles(self.state, vl, node)
+        for fn in self.filenames:
+            self.state.document.settings.record_dependencies.add(fn)
+        return node.children
+
+    def document_lexers_overview(self):
+        """Generate a tabular overview of all lexers.
+
+        The columns are the lexer name, the extensions handled by this lexer
+        (or "None"), the aliases and a link to the lexer class."""
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import find_lexer_class
+        out = []
+
+        table = []
+
+        def format_link(name, url):
+            if url:
+                return f'`{name} <{url}>`_'
+            return name
+
+        for classname, data in sorted(LEXERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[1][1].lower()):
+            lexer_cls = find_lexer_class(data[1])
+            extensions = lexer_cls.filenames + lexer_cls.alias_filenames
+
+            table.append({
+                'name': format_link(data[1], lexer_cls.url),
+                'extensions': ', '.join(extensions).replace('*', '\\*').replace('_', '\\') or 'None',
+                'aliases': ', '.join(data[2]),
+                'class': f'{data[0]}.{classname}'
+            })
+
+        column_names = ['name', 'extensions', 'aliases', 'class']
+        column_lengths = [max([len(row[column]) for row in table if row[column]])
+                          for column in column_names]
+
+        def write_row(*columns):
+            """Format a table row"""
+            out = []
+            for l, c in zip(column_lengths, columns):
+                if c:
+                    out.append(c.ljust(l))
+                else:
+                    out.append(' '*l)
+
+            return ' '.join(out)
+
+        def write_seperator():
+            """Write a table separator row"""
+            sep = ['='*c for c in column_lengths]
+            return write_row(*sep)
+
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+        out.append(write_row('Name', 'Extension(s)', 'Short name(s)', 'Lexer class'))
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+        for row in table:
+            out.append(write_row(
+                row['name'],
+                row['extensions'],
+                row['aliases'],
+                f':class:`~{row["class"]}`'))
+        out.append(write_seperator())
+
+        return '\n'.join(out)
+
+    def document_lexers(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers._mapping import LEXERS
+        out = []
+        modules = {}
+        moduledocstrings = {}
+        for classname, data in sorted(LEXERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            module = data[0]
+            mod = __import__(module, None, None, [classname])
+            self.filenames.add(mod.__file__)
+            cls = getattr(mod, classname)
+            if not cls.__doc__:
+                print("Warning: %s does not have a docstring." % classname)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            modules.setdefault(module, []).append((
+                classname,
+                ', '.join(data[2]) or 'None',
+                ', '.join(data[3]).replace('*', '\\*').replace('_', '\\') or 'None',
+                ', '.join(data[4]) or 'None',
+                docstring))
+            if module not in moduledocstrings:
+                moddoc = mod.__doc__
+                if isinstance(moddoc, bytes):
+                    moddoc = moddoc.decode('utf8')
+                moduledocstrings[module] = moddoc
+
+        for module, lexers in sorted(modules.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            if moduledocstrings[module] is None:
+                raise Exception("Missing docstring for %s" % (module,))
+            heading = moduledocstrings[module].splitlines()[4].strip().rstrip('.')
+            out.append(MODULEDOC % (module, heading, '-'*len(heading)))
+            for data in lexers:
+                out.append(LEXERDOC % data)
+
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+    def document_formatters(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.formatters import FORMATTERS
+
+        out = []
+        for classname, data in sorted(FORMATTERS.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            module = data[0]
+            mod = __import__(module, None, None, [classname])
+            self.filenames.add(mod.__file__)
+            cls = getattr(mod, classname)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            heading = cls.__name__
+            out.append(FMTERDOC % (heading, ', '.join(data[2]) or 'None',
+                                   ', '.join(data[3]).replace('*', '\\*') or 'None',
+                                   docstring))
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+    def document_filters(self):
+        from pip._vendor.pygments.filters import FILTERS
+
+        out = []
+        for name, cls in FILTERS.items():
+            self.filenames.add(sys.modules[cls.__module__].__file__)
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+            if isinstance(docstring, bytes):
+                docstring = docstring.decode('utf8')
+            out.append(FILTERDOC % (cls.__name__, name, docstring))
+        return ''.join(out)
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_directive('pygmentsdoc', PygmentsDoc)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edc1962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/style.py
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+"""
+    pygments.style
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Basic style object.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token, STANDARD_TYPES
+
+# Default mapping of ansixxx to RGB colors.
+_ansimap = {
+    # dark
+    'ansiblack': '000000',
+    'ansired': '7f0000',
+    'ansigreen': '007f00',
+    'ansiyellow': '7f7fe0',
+    'ansiblue': '00007f',
+    'ansimagenta': '7f007f',
+    'ansicyan': '007f7f',
+    'ansigray': 'e5e5e5',
+    # normal
+    'ansibrightblack': '555555',
+    'ansibrightred': 'ff0000',
+    'ansibrightgreen': '00ff00',
+    'ansibrightyellow': 'ffff00',
+    'ansibrightblue': '0000ff',
+    'ansibrightmagenta': 'ff00ff',
+    'ansibrightcyan': '00ffff',
+    'ansiwhite': 'ffffff',
+}
+# mapping of deprecated #ansixxx colors to new color names
+_deprecated_ansicolors = {
+    # dark
+    '#ansiblack': 'ansiblack',
+    '#ansidarkred': 'ansired',
+    '#ansidarkgreen': 'ansigreen',
+    '#ansibrown': 'ansiyellow',
+    '#ansidarkblue': 'ansiblue',
+    '#ansipurple': 'ansimagenta',
+    '#ansiteal': 'ansicyan',
+    '#ansilightgray': 'ansigray',
+    # normal
+    '#ansidarkgray': 'ansibrightblack',
+    '#ansired': 'ansibrightred',
+    '#ansigreen': 'ansibrightgreen',
+    '#ansiyellow': 'ansibrightyellow',
+    '#ansiblue': 'ansibrightblue',
+    '#ansifuchsia': 'ansibrightmagenta',
+    '#ansiturquoise': 'ansibrightcyan',
+    '#ansiwhite': 'ansiwhite',
+}
+ansicolors = set(_ansimap)
+
+
+class StyleMeta(type):
+
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dct):
+        obj = type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct)
+        for token in STANDARD_TYPES:
+            if token not in obj.styles:
+                obj.styles[token] = ''
+
+        def colorformat(text):
+            if text in ansicolors:
+                return text
+            if text[0:1] == '#':
+                col = text[1:]
+                if len(col) == 6:
+                    return col
+                elif len(col) == 3:
+                    return col[0] * 2 + col[1] * 2 + col[2] * 2
+            elif text == '':
+                return ''
+            elif text.startswith('var') or text.startswith('calc'):
+                return text
+            assert False, "wrong color format %r" % text
+
+        _styles = obj._styles = {}
+
+        for ttype in obj.styles:
+            for token in ttype.split():
+                if token in _styles:
+                    continue
+                ndef = _styles.get(token.parent, None)
+                styledefs = obj.styles.get(token, '').split()
+                if not ndef or token is None:
+                    ndef = ['', 0, 0, 0, '', '', 0, 0, 0]
+                elif 'noinherit' in styledefs and token is not Token:
+                    ndef = _styles[Token][:]
+                else:
+                    ndef = ndef[:]
+                _styles[token] = ndef
+                for styledef in obj.styles.get(token, '').split():
+                    if styledef == 'noinherit':
+                        pass
+                    elif styledef == 'bold':
+                        ndef[1] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'nobold':
+                        ndef[1] = 0
+                    elif styledef == 'italic':
+                        ndef[2] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'noitalic':
+                        ndef[2] = 0
+                    elif styledef == 'underline':
+                        ndef[3] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'nounderline':
+                        ndef[3] = 0
+                    elif styledef[:3] == 'bg:':
+                        ndef[4] = colorformat(styledef[3:])
+                    elif styledef[:7] == 'border:':
+                        ndef[5] = colorformat(styledef[7:])
+                    elif styledef == 'roman':
+                        ndef[6] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'sans':
+                        ndef[7] = 1
+                    elif styledef == 'mono':
+                        ndef[8] = 1
+                    else:
+                        ndef[0] = colorformat(styledef)
+
+        return obj
+
+    def style_for_token(cls, token):
+        t = cls._styles[token]
+        ansicolor = bgansicolor = None
+        color = t[0]
+        if color in _deprecated_ansicolors:
+            color = _deprecated_ansicolors[color]
+        if color in ansicolors:
+            ansicolor = color
+            color = _ansimap[color]
+        bgcolor = t[4]
+        if bgcolor in _deprecated_ansicolors:
+            bgcolor = _deprecated_ansicolors[bgcolor]
+        if bgcolor in ansicolors:
+            bgansicolor = bgcolor
+            bgcolor = _ansimap[bgcolor]
+
+        return {
+            'color':        color or None,
+            'bold':         bool(t[1]),
+            'italic':       bool(t[2]),
+            'underline':    bool(t[3]),
+            'bgcolor':      bgcolor or None,
+            'border':       t[5] or None,
+            'roman':        bool(t[6]) or None,
+            'sans':         bool(t[7]) or None,
+            'mono':         bool(t[8]) or None,
+            'ansicolor':    ansicolor,
+            'bgansicolor':  bgansicolor,
+        }
+
+    def list_styles(cls):
+        return list(cls)
+
+    def styles_token(cls, ttype):
+        return ttype in cls._styles
+
+    def __iter__(cls):
+        for token in cls._styles:
+            yield token, cls.style_for_token(token)
+
+    def __len__(cls):
+        return len(cls._styles)
+
+
+class Style(metaclass=StyleMeta):
+
+    #: overall background color (``None`` means transparent)
+    background_color = '#ffffff'
+
+    #: highlight background color
+    highlight_color = '#ffffcc'
+
+    #: line number font color
+    line_number_color = 'inherit'
+
+    #: line number background color
+    line_number_background_color = 'transparent'
+
+    #: special line number font color
+    line_number_special_color = '#000000'
+
+    #: special line number background color
+    line_number_special_background_color = '#ffffc0'
+
+    #: Style definitions for individual token types.
+    styles = {}
+
+    # Attribute for lexers defined within Pygments. If set
+    # to True, the style is not shown in the style gallery
+    # on the website. This is intended for language-specific
+    # styles.
+    web_style_gallery_exclude = False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7401cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""
+    pygments.styles
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Contains built-in styles.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.plugin import find_plugin_styles
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+#: A dictionary of built-in styles, mapping style names to
+#: ``'submodule::classname'`` strings.
+STYLE_MAP = {
+    'default':  'default::DefaultStyle',
+    'emacs':    'emacs::EmacsStyle',
+    'friendly': 'friendly::FriendlyStyle',
+    'friendly_grayscale': 'friendly_grayscale::FriendlyGrayscaleStyle',
+    'colorful': 'colorful::ColorfulStyle',
+    'autumn':   'autumn::AutumnStyle',
+    'murphy':   'murphy::MurphyStyle',
+    'manni':    'manni::ManniStyle',
+    'material': 'material::MaterialStyle',
+    'monokai':  'monokai::MonokaiStyle',
+    'perldoc':  'perldoc::PerldocStyle',
+    'pastie':   'pastie::PastieStyle',
+    'borland':  'borland::BorlandStyle',
+    'trac':     'trac::TracStyle',
+    'native':   'native::NativeStyle',
+    'fruity':   'fruity::FruityStyle',
+    'bw':       'bw::BlackWhiteStyle',
+    'vim':      'vim::VimStyle',
+    'vs':       'vs::VisualStudioStyle',
+    'tango':    'tango::TangoStyle',
+    'rrt':      'rrt::RrtStyle',
+    'xcode':    'xcode::XcodeStyle',
+    'igor':     'igor::IgorStyle',
+    'paraiso-light': 'paraiso_light::ParaisoLightStyle',
+    'paraiso-dark': 'paraiso_dark::ParaisoDarkStyle',
+    'lovelace': 'lovelace::LovelaceStyle',
+    'algol':    'algol::AlgolStyle',
+    'algol_nu': 'algol_nu::Algol_NuStyle',
+    'arduino':  'arduino::ArduinoStyle',
+    'rainbow_dash': 'rainbow_dash::RainbowDashStyle',
+    'abap':     'abap::AbapStyle',
+    'solarized-dark': 'solarized::SolarizedDarkStyle',
+    'solarized-light': 'solarized::SolarizedLightStyle',
+    'sas':         'sas::SasStyle',
+    'staroffice' : 'staroffice::StarofficeStyle',
+    'stata':       'stata_light::StataLightStyle',
+    'stata-light': 'stata_light::StataLightStyle',
+    'stata-dark':  'stata_dark::StataDarkStyle',
+    'inkpot':      'inkpot::InkPotStyle',
+    'zenburn': 'zenburn::ZenburnStyle',
+    'gruvbox-dark': 'gruvbox::GruvboxDarkStyle',
+    'gruvbox-light': 'gruvbox::GruvboxLightStyle',
+    'dracula': 'dracula::DraculaStyle',
+    'one-dark': 'onedark::OneDarkStyle',
+    'lilypond' : 'lilypond::LilyPondStyle',
+    'nord': 'nord::NordStyle',
+    'nord-darker': 'nord::NordDarkerStyle',
+    'github-dark': 'gh_dark::GhDarkStyle'
+}
+
+
+def get_style_by_name(name):
+    """
+    Return a style class by its short name. The names of the builtin styles
+    are listed in :data:`pygments.styles.STYLE_MAP`.
+
+    Will raise :exc:`pygments.util.ClassNotFound` if no style of that name is
+    found.
+    """
+    if name in STYLE_MAP:
+        mod, cls = STYLE_MAP[name].split('::')
+        builtin = "yes"
+    else:
+        for found_name, style in find_plugin_styles():
+            if name == found_name:
+                return style
+        # perhaps it got dropped into our styles package
+        builtin = ""
+        mod = name
+        cls = name.title() + "Style"
+
+    try:
+        mod = __import__('pygments.styles.' + mod, None, None, [cls])
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ClassNotFound("Could not find style module %r" % mod +
+                         (builtin and ", though it should be builtin") + ".")
+    try:
+        return getattr(mod, cls)
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise ClassNotFound("Could not find style class %r in style module." % cls)
+
+
+def get_all_styles():
+    """Return a generator for all styles by name, both builtin and plugin."""
+    yield from STYLE_MAP
+    for name, _ in find_plugin_styles():
+        yield name
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54ada75
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/styles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7395cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/token.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+"""
+    pygments.token
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Basic token types and the standard tokens.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+
+class _TokenType(tuple):
+    parent = None
+
+    def split(self):
+        buf = []
+        node = self
+        while node is not None:
+            buf.append(node)
+            node = node.parent
+        buf.reverse()
+        return buf
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        # no need to call super.__init__
+        self.subtypes = set()
+
+    def __contains__(self, val):
+        return self is val or (
+            type(val) is self.__class__ and
+            val[:len(self)] == self
+        )
+
+    def __getattr__(self, val):
+        if not val or not val[0].isupper():
+            return tuple.__getattribute__(self, val)
+        new = _TokenType(self + (val,))
+        setattr(self, val, new)
+        self.subtypes.add(new)
+        new.parent = self
+        return new
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Token' + (self and '.' or '') + '.'.join(self)
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
+        return self
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
+        return self
+
+
+Token = _TokenType()
+
+# Special token types
+Text = Token.Text
+Whitespace = Text.Whitespace
+Escape = Token.Escape
+Error = Token.Error
+# Text that doesn't belong to this lexer (e.g. HTML in PHP)
+Other = Token.Other
+
+# Common token types for source code
+Keyword = Token.Keyword
+Name = Token.Name
+Literal = Token.Literal
+String = Literal.String
+Number = Literal.Number
+Punctuation = Token.Punctuation
+Operator = Token.Operator
+Comment = Token.Comment
+
+# Generic types for non-source code
+Generic = Token.Generic
+
+# String and some others are not direct children of Token.
+# alias them:
+Token.Token = Token
+Token.String = String
+Token.Number = Number
+
+
+def is_token_subtype(ttype, other):
+    """
+    Return True if ``ttype`` is a subtype of ``other``.
+
+    exists for backwards compatibility. use ``ttype in other`` now.
+    """
+    return ttype in other
+
+
+def string_to_tokentype(s):
+    """
+    Convert a string into a token type::
+
+        >>> string_to_token('String.Double')
+        Token.Literal.String.Double
+        >>> string_to_token('Token.Literal.Number')
+        Token.Literal.Number
+        >>> string_to_token('')
+        Token
+
+    Tokens that are already tokens are returned unchanged:
+
+        >>> string_to_token(String)
+        Token.Literal.String
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, _TokenType):
+        return s
+    if not s:
+        return Token
+    node = Token
+    for item in s.split('.'):
+        node = getattr(node, item)
+    return node
+
+
+# Map standard token types to short names, used in CSS class naming.
+# If you add a new item, please be sure to run this file to perform
+# a consistency check for duplicate values.
+STANDARD_TYPES = {
+    Token:                         '',
+
+    Text:                          '',
+    Whitespace:                    'w',
+    Escape:                        'esc',
+    Error:                         'err',
+    Other:                         'x',
+
+    Keyword:                       'k',
+    Keyword.Constant:              'kc',
+    Keyword.Declaration:           'kd',
+    Keyword.Namespace:             'kn',
+    Keyword.Pseudo:                'kp',
+    Keyword.Reserved:              'kr',
+    Keyword.Type:                  'kt',
+
+    Name:                          'n',
+    Name.Attribute:                'na',
+    Name.Builtin:                  'nb',
+    Name.Builtin.Pseudo:           'bp',
+    Name.Class:                    'nc',
+    Name.Constant:                 'no',
+    Name.Decorator:                'nd',
+    Name.Entity:                   'ni',
+    Name.Exception:                'ne',
+    Name.Function:                 'nf',
+    Name.Function.Magic:           'fm',
+    Name.Property:                 'py',
+    Name.Label:                    'nl',
+    Name.Namespace:                'nn',
+    Name.Other:                    'nx',
+    Name.Tag:                      'nt',
+    Name.Variable:                 'nv',
+    Name.Variable.Class:           'vc',
+    Name.Variable.Global:          'vg',
+    Name.Variable.Instance:        'vi',
+    Name.Variable.Magic:           'vm',
+
+    Literal:                       'l',
+    Literal.Date:                  'ld',
+
+    String:                        's',
+    String.Affix:                  'sa',
+    String.Backtick:               'sb',
+    String.Char:                   'sc',
+    String.Delimiter:              'dl',
+    String.Doc:                    'sd',
+    String.Double:                 's2',
+    String.Escape:                 'se',
+    String.Heredoc:                'sh',
+    String.Interpol:               'si',
+    String.Other:                  'sx',
+    String.Regex:                  'sr',
+    String.Single:                 's1',
+    String.Symbol:                 'ss',
+
+    Number:                        'm',
+    Number.Bin:                    'mb',
+    Number.Float:                  'mf',
+    Number.Hex:                    'mh',
+    Number.Integer:                'mi',
+    Number.Integer.Long:           'il',
+    Number.Oct:                    'mo',
+
+    Operator:                      'o',
+    Operator.Word:                 'ow',
+
+    Punctuation:                   'p',
+    Punctuation.Marker:            'pm',
+
+    Comment:                       'c',
+    Comment.Hashbang:              'ch',
+    Comment.Multiline:             'cm',
+    Comment.Preproc:               'cp',
+    Comment.PreprocFile:           'cpf',
+    Comment.Single:                'c1',
+    Comment.Special:               'cs',
+
+    Generic:                       'g',
+    Generic.Deleted:               'gd',
+    Generic.Emph:                  'ge',
+    Generic.Error:                 'gr',
+    Generic.Heading:               'gh',
+    Generic.Inserted:              'gi',
+    Generic.Output:                'go',
+    Generic.Prompt:                'gp',
+    Generic.Strong:                'gs',
+    Generic.Subheading:            'gu',
+    Generic.Traceback:             'gt',
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39f6bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/unistring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""
+    pygments.unistring
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Strings of all Unicode characters of a certain category.
+    Used for matching in Unicode-aware languages. Run to regenerate.
+
+    Inspired by chartypes_create.py from the MoinMoin project.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+Cc = '\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f'
+
+Cf = '\xad\u0600-\u0605\u061c\u06dd\u070f\u08e2\u180e\u200b-\u200f\u202a-\u202e\u2060-\u2064\u2066-\u206f\ufeff\ufff9-\ufffb\U000110bd\U000110cd\U0001bca0-\U0001bca3\U0001d173-\U0001d17a\U000e0001\U000e0020-\U000e007f'
+
+Cn = '\u0378-\u0379\u0380-\u0383\u038b\u038d\u03a2\u0530\u0557-\u0558\u058b-\u058c\u0590\u05c8-\u05cf\u05eb-\u05ee\u05f5-\u05ff\u061d\u070e\u074b-\u074c\u07b2-\u07bf\u07fb-\u07fc\u082e-\u082f\u083f\u085c-\u085d\u085f\u086b-\u089f\u08b5\u08be-\u08d2\u0984\u098d-\u098e\u0991-\u0992\u09a9\u09b1\u09b3-\u09b5\u09ba-\u09bb\u09c5-\u09c6\u09c9-\u09ca\u09cf-\u09d6\u09d8-\u09db\u09de\u09e4-\u09e5\u09ff-\u0a00\u0a04\u0a0b-\u0a0e\u0a11-\u0a12\u0a29\u0a31\u0a34\u0a37\u0a3a-\u0a3b\u0a3d\u0a43-\u0a46\u0a49-\u0a4a\u0a4e-\u0a50\u0a52-\u0a58\u0a5d\u0a5f-\u0a65\u0a77-\u0a80\u0a84\u0a8e\u0a92\u0aa9\u0ab1\u0ab4\u0aba-\u0abb\u0ac6\u0aca\u0ace-\u0acf\u0ad1-\u0adf\u0ae4-\u0ae5\u0af2-\u0af8\u0b00\u0b04\u0b0d-\u0b0e\u0b11-\u0b12\u0b29\u0b31\u0b34\u0b3a-\u0b3b\u0b45-\u0b46\u0b49-\u0b4a\u0b4e-\u0b55\u0b58-\u0b5b\u0b5e\u0b64-\u0b65\u0b78-\u0b81\u0b84\u0b8b-\u0b8d\u0b91\u0b96-\u0b98\u0b9b\u0b9d\u0ba0-\u0ba2\u0ba5-\u0ba7\u0bab-\u0bad\u0bba-\u0bbd\u0bc3-\u0bc5\u0bc9\u0bce-\u0bcf\u0bd1-\u0bd6\u0bd8-\u0be5\u0bfb-\u0bff\u0c0d\u0c11\u0c29\u0c3a-\u0c3c\u0c45\u0c49\u0c4e-\u0c54\u0c57\u0c5b-\u0c5f\u0c64-\u0c65\u0c70-\u0c77\u0c8d\u0c91\u0ca9\u0cb4\u0cba-\u0cbb\u0cc5\u0cc9\u0cce-\u0cd4\u0cd7-\u0cdd\u0cdf\u0ce4-\u0ce5\u0cf0\u0cf3-\u0cff\u0d04\u0d0d\u0d11\u0d45\u0d49\u0d50-\u0d53\u0d64-\u0d65\u0d80-\u0d81\u0d84\u0d97-\u0d99\u0db2\u0dbc\u0dbe-\u0dbf\u0dc7-\u0dc9\u0dcb-\u0dce\u0dd5\u0dd7\u0de0-\u0de5\u0df0-\u0df1\u0df5-\u0e00\u0e3b-\u0e3e\u0e5c-\u0e80\u0e83\u0e85-\u0e86\u0e89\u0e8b-\u0e8c\u0e8e-\u0e93\u0e98\u0ea0\u0ea4\u0ea6\u0ea8-\u0ea9\u0eac\u0eba\u0ebe-\u0ebf\u0ec5\u0ec7\u0ece-\u0ecf\u0eda-\u0edb\u0ee0-\u0eff\u0f48\u0f6d-\u0f70\u0f98\u0fbd\u0fcd\u0fdb-\u0fff\u10c6\u10c8-\u10cc\u10ce-\u10cf\u1249\u124e-\u124f\u1257\u1259\u125e-\u125f\u1289\u128e-\u128f\u12b1\u12b6-\u12b7\u12bf\u12c1\u12c6-\u12c7\u12d7\u1311\u1316-\u1317\u135b-\u135c\u137d-\u137f\u139a-\u139f\u13f6-\u13f7\u13fe-\u13ff\u169d-\u169f\u16f9-\u16ff\u170d\u1715-\u171f\u1737-\u173f\u1754-\u175f\u176d\u1771\u1774-\u177f\u17de-\u17df\u17ea-\u17ef\u17fa-\u17ff\u180f\u181a-\u181f\u1879-\u187f\u18ab-\u18af\u18f6-\u18ff\u191f\u192c-\u192f\u193c-\u193f\u1941-\u1943\u196e-\u196f\u1975-\u197f\u19ac-\u19af\u19ca-\u19cf\u19db-\u19dd\u1a1c-\u1a1d\u1a5f\u1a7d-\u1a7e\u1a8a-\u1a8f\u1a9a-\u1a9f\u1aae-\u1aaf\u1abf-\u1aff\u1b4c-\u1b4f\u1b7d-\u1b7f\u1bf4-\u1bfb\u1c38-\u1c3a\u1c4a-\u1c4c\u1c89-\u1c8f\u1cbb-\u1cbc\u1cc8-\u1ccf\u1cfa-\u1cff\u1dfa\u1f16-\u1f17\u1f1e-\u1f1f\u1f46-\u1f47\u1f4e-\u1f4f\u1f58\u1f5a\u1f5c\u1f5e\u1f7e-\u1f7f\u1fb5\u1fc5\u1fd4-\u1fd5\u1fdc\u1ff0-\u1ff1\u1ff5\u1fff\u2065\u2072-\u2073\u208f\u209d-\u209f\u20c0-\u20cf\u20f1-\u20ff\u218c-\u218f\u2427-\u243f\u244b-\u245f\u2b74-\u2b75\u2b96-\u2b97\u2bc9\u2bff\u2c2f\u2c5f\u2cf4-\u2cf8\u2d26\u2d28-\u2d2c\u2d2e-\u2d2f\u2d68-\u2d6e\u2d71-\u2d7e\u2d97-\u2d9f\u2da7\u2daf\u2db7\u2dbf\u2dc7\u2dcf\u2dd7\u2ddf\u2e4f-\u2e7f\u2e9a\u2ef4-\u2eff\u2fd6-\u2fef\u2ffc-\u2fff\u3040\u3097-\u3098\u3100-\u3104\u3130\u318f\u31bb-\u31bf\u31e4-\u31ef\u321f\u32ff\u4db6-\u4dbf\u9ff0-\u9fff\ua48d-\ua48f\ua4c7-\ua4cf\ua62c-\ua63f\ua6f8-\ua6ff\ua7ba-\ua7f6\ua82c-\ua82f\ua83a-\ua83f\ua878-\ua87f\ua8c6-\ua8cd\ua8da-\ua8df\ua954-\ua95e\ua97d-\ua97f\ua9ce\ua9da-\ua9dd\ua9ff\uaa37-\uaa3f\uaa4e-\uaa4f\uaa5a-\uaa5b\uaac3-\uaada\uaaf7-\uab00\uab07-\uab08\uab0f-\uab10\uab17-\uab1f\uab27\uab2f\uab66-\uab6f\uabee-\uabef\uabfa-\uabff\ud7a4-\ud7af\ud7c7-\ud7ca\ud7fc-\ud7ff\ufa6e-\ufa6f\ufada-\ufaff\ufb07-\ufb12\ufb18-\ufb1c\ufb37\ufb3d\ufb3f\ufb42\ufb45\ufbc2-\ufbd2\ufd40-\ufd4f\ufd90-\ufd91\ufdc8-\ufdef\ufdfe-\ufdff\ufe1a-\ufe1f\ufe53\ufe67\ufe6c-\ufe6f\ufe75\ufefd-\ufefe\uff00\uffbf-\uffc1\uffc8-\uffc9\uffd0-\uffd1\uffd8-\uffd9\uffdd-\uffdf\uffe7\uffef-\ufff8\ufffe-\uffff\U0001000c\U00010027\U0001003b\U0001003e\U0001004e-\U0001004f\U0001005e-\U0001007f\U000100fb-\U000100ff\U00010103-\U00010106\U00010134-\U00010136\U0001018f\U0001019c-\U0001019f\U000101a1-\U000101cf\U000101fe-\U0001027f\U0001029d-\U0001029f\U000102d1-\U000102df\U000102fc-\U000102ff\U00010324-\U0001032c\U0001034b-\U0001034f\U0001037b-\U0001037f\U0001039e\U000103c4-\U000103c7\U000103d6-\U000103ff\U0001049e-\U0001049f\U000104aa-\U000104af\U000104d4-\U000104d7\U000104fc-\U000104ff\U00010528-\U0001052f\U00010564-\U0001056e\U00010570-\U000105ff\U00010737-\U0001073f\U00010756-\U0001075f\U00010768-\U000107ff\U00010806-\U00010807\U00010809\U00010836\U00010839-\U0001083b\U0001083d-\U0001083e\U00010856\U0001089f-\U000108a6\U000108b0-\U000108df\U000108f3\U000108f6-\U000108fa\U0001091c-\U0001091e\U0001093a-\U0001093e\U00010940-\U0001097f\U000109b8-\U000109bb\U000109d0-\U000109d1\U00010a04\U00010a07-\U00010a0b\U00010a14\U00010a18\U00010a36-\U00010a37\U00010a3b-\U00010a3e\U00010a49-\U00010a4f\U00010a59-\U00010a5f\U00010aa0-\U00010abf\U00010ae7-\U00010aea\U00010af7-\U00010aff\U00010b36-\U00010b38\U00010b56-\U00010b57\U00010b73-\U00010b77\U00010b92-\U00010b98\U00010b9d-\U00010ba8\U00010bb0-\U00010bff\U00010c49-\U00010c7f\U00010cb3-\U00010cbf\U00010cf3-\U00010cf9\U00010d28-\U00010d2f\U00010d3a-\U00010e5f\U00010e7f-\U00010eff\U00010f28-\U00010f2f\U00010f5a-\U00010fff\U0001104e-\U00011051\U00011070-\U0001107e\U000110c2-\U000110cc\U000110ce-\U000110cf\U000110e9-\U000110ef\U000110fa-\U000110ff\U00011135\U00011147-\U0001114f\U00011177-\U0001117f\U000111ce-\U000111cf\U000111e0\U000111f5-\U000111ff\U00011212\U0001123f-\U0001127f\U00011287\U00011289\U0001128e\U0001129e\U000112aa-\U000112af\U000112eb-\U000112ef\U000112fa-\U000112ff\U00011304\U0001130d-\U0001130e\U00011311-\U00011312\U00011329\U00011331\U00011334\U0001133a\U00011345-\U00011346\U00011349-\U0001134a\U0001134e-\U0001134f\U00011351-\U00011356\U00011358-\U0001135c\U00011364-\U00011365\U0001136d-\U0001136f\U00011375-\U000113ff\U0001145a\U0001145c\U0001145f-\U0001147f\U000114c8-\U000114cf\U000114da-\U0001157f\U000115b6-\U000115b7\U000115de-\U000115ff\U00011645-\U0001164f\U0001165a-\U0001165f\U0001166d-\U0001167f\U000116b8-\U000116bf\U000116ca-\U000116ff\U0001171b-\U0001171c\U0001172c-\U0001172f\U00011740-\U000117ff\U0001183c-\U0001189f\U000118f3-\U000118fe\U00011900-\U000119ff\U00011a48-\U00011a4f\U00011a84-\U00011a85\U00011aa3-\U00011abf\U00011af9-\U00011bff\U00011c09\U00011c37\U00011c46-\U00011c4f\U00011c6d-\U00011c6f\U00011c90-\U00011c91\U00011ca8\U00011cb7-\U00011cff\U00011d07\U00011d0a\U00011d37-\U00011d39\U00011d3b\U00011d3e\U00011d48-\U00011d4f\U00011d5a-\U00011d5f\U00011d66\U00011d69\U00011d8f\U00011d92\U00011d99-\U00011d9f\U00011daa-\U00011edf\U00011ef9-\U00011fff\U0001239a-\U000123ff\U0001246f\U00012475-\U0001247f\U00012544-\U00012fff\U0001342f-\U000143ff\U00014647-\U000167ff\U00016a39-\U00016a3f\U00016a5f\U00016a6a-\U00016a6d\U00016a70-\U00016acf\U00016aee-\U00016aef\U00016af6-\U00016aff\U00016b46-\U00016b4f\U00016b5a\U00016b62\U00016b78-\U00016b7c\U00016b90-\U00016e3f\U00016e9b-\U00016eff\U00016f45-\U00016f4f\U00016f7f-\U00016f8e\U00016fa0-\U00016fdf\U00016fe2-\U00016fff\U000187f2-\U000187ff\U00018af3-\U0001afff\U0001b11f-\U0001b16f\U0001b2fc-\U0001bbff\U0001bc6b-\U0001bc6f\U0001bc7d-\U0001bc7f\U0001bc89-\U0001bc8f\U0001bc9a-\U0001bc9b\U0001bca4-\U0001cfff\U0001d0f6-\U0001d0ff\U0001d127-\U0001d128\U0001d1e9-\U0001d1ff\U0001d246-\U0001d2df\U0001d2f4-\U0001d2ff\U0001d357-\U0001d35f\U0001d379-\U0001d3ff\U0001d455\U0001d49d\U0001d4a0-\U0001d4a1\U0001d4a3-\U0001d4a4\U0001d4a7-\U0001d4a8\U0001d4ad\U0001d4ba\U0001d4bc\U0001d4c4\U0001d506\U0001d50b-\U0001d50c\U0001d515\U0001d51d\U0001d53a\U0001d53f\U0001d545\U0001d547-\U0001d549\U0001d551\U0001d6a6-\U0001d6a7\U0001d7cc-\U0001d7cd\U0001da8c-\U0001da9a\U0001daa0\U0001dab0-\U0001dfff\U0001e007\U0001e019-\U0001e01a\U0001e022\U0001e025\U0001e02b-\U0001e7ff\U0001e8c5-\U0001e8c6\U0001e8d7-\U0001e8ff\U0001e94b-\U0001e94f\U0001e95a-\U0001e95d\U0001e960-\U0001ec70\U0001ecb5-\U0001edff\U0001ee04\U0001ee20\U0001ee23\U0001ee25-\U0001ee26\U0001ee28\U0001ee33\U0001ee38\U0001ee3a\U0001ee3c-\U0001ee41\U0001ee43-\U0001ee46\U0001ee48\U0001ee4a\U0001ee4c\U0001ee50\U0001ee53\U0001ee55-\U0001ee56\U0001ee58\U0001ee5a\U0001ee5c\U0001ee5e\U0001ee60\U0001ee63\U0001ee65-\U0001ee66\U0001ee6b\U0001ee73\U0001ee78\U0001ee7d\U0001ee7f\U0001ee8a\U0001ee9c-\U0001eea0\U0001eea4\U0001eeaa\U0001eebc-\U0001eeef\U0001eef2-\U0001efff\U0001f02c-\U0001f02f\U0001f094-\U0001f09f\U0001f0af-\U0001f0b0\U0001f0c0\U0001f0d0\U0001f0f6-\U0001f0ff\U0001f10d-\U0001f10f\U0001f16c-\U0001f16f\U0001f1ad-\U0001f1e5\U0001f203-\U0001f20f\U0001f23c-\U0001f23f\U0001f249-\U0001f24f\U0001f252-\U0001f25f\U0001f266-\U0001f2ff\U0001f6d5-\U0001f6df\U0001f6ed-\U0001f6ef\U0001f6fa-\U0001f6ff\U0001f774-\U0001f77f\U0001f7d9-\U0001f7ff\U0001f80c-\U0001f80f\U0001f848-\U0001f84f\U0001f85a-\U0001f85f\U0001f888-\U0001f88f\U0001f8ae-\U0001f8ff\U0001f90c-\U0001f90f\U0001f93f\U0001f971-\U0001f972\U0001f977-\U0001f979\U0001f97b\U0001f9a3-\U0001f9af\U0001f9ba-\U0001f9bf\U0001f9c3-\U0001f9cf\U0001fa00-\U0001fa5f\U0001fa6e-\U0001ffff\U0002a6d7-\U0002a6ff\U0002b735-\U0002b73f\U0002b81e-\U0002b81f\U0002cea2-\U0002ceaf\U0002ebe1-\U0002f7ff\U0002fa1e-\U000e0000\U000e0002-\U000e001f\U000e0080-\U000e00ff\U000e01f0-\U000effff\U000ffffe-\U000fffff\U0010fffe-\U0010ffff'
+
+Co = '\ue000-\uf8ff\U000f0000-\U000ffffd\U00100000-\U0010fffd'
+
+Cs = '\ud800-\udbff\\\udc00\udc01-\udfff'
+
+Ll = 'a-z\xb5\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff\u0101\u0103\u0105\u0107\u0109\u010b\u010d\u010f\u0111\u0113\u0115\u0117\u0119\u011b\u011d\u011f\u0121\u0123\u0125\u0127\u0129\u012b\u012d\u012f\u0131\u0133\u0135\u0137-\u0138\u013a\u013c\u013e\u0140\u0142\u0144\u0146\u0148-\u0149\u014b\u014d\u014f\u0151\u0153\u0155\u0157\u0159\u015b\u015d\u015f\u0161\u0163\u0165\u0167\u0169\u016b\u016d\u016f\u0171\u0173\u0175\u0177\u017a\u017c\u017e-\u0180\u0183\u0185\u0188\u018c-\u018d\u0192\u0195\u0199-\u019b\u019e\u01a1\u01a3\u01a5\u01a8\u01aa-\u01ab\u01ad\u01b0\u01b4\u01b6\u01b9-\u01ba\u01bd-\u01bf\u01c6\u01c9\u01cc\u01ce\u01d0\u01d2\u01d4\u01d6\u01d8\u01da\u01dc-\u01dd\u01df\u01e1\u01e3\u01e5\u01e7\u01e9\u01eb\u01ed\u01ef-\u01f0\u01f3\u01f5\u01f9\u01fb\u01fd\u01ff\u0201\u0203\u0205\u0207\u0209\u020b\u020d\u020f\u0211\u0213\u0215\u0217\u0219\u021b\u021d\u021f\u0221\u0223\u0225\u0227\u0229\u022b\u022d\u022f\u0231\u0233-\u0239\u023c\u023f-\u0240\u0242\u0247\u0249\u024b\u024d\u024f-\u0293\u0295-\u02af\u0371\u0373\u0377\u037b-\u037d\u0390\u03ac-\u03ce\u03d0-\u03d1\u03d5-\u03d7\u03d9\u03db\u03dd\u03df\u03e1\u03e3\u03e5\u03e7\u03e9\u03eb\u03ed\u03ef-\u03f3\u03f5\u03f8\u03fb-\u03fc\u0430-\u045f\u0461\u0463\u0465\u0467\u0469\u046b\u046d\u046f\u0471\u0473\u0475\u0477\u0479\u047b\u047d\u047f\u0481\u048b\u048d\u048f\u0491\u0493\u0495\u0497\u0499\u049b\u049d\u049f\u04a1\u04a3\u04a5\u04a7\u04a9\u04ab\u04ad\u04af\u04b1\u04b3\u04b5\u04b7\u04b9\u04bb\u04bd\u04bf\u04c2\u04c4\u04c6\u04c8\u04ca\u04cc\u04ce-\u04cf\u04d1\u04d3\u04d5\u04d7\u04d9\u04db\u04dd\u04df\u04e1\u04e3\u04e5\u04e7\u04e9\u04eb\u04ed\u04ef\u04f1\u04f3\u04f5\u04f7\u04f9\u04fb\u04fd\u04ff\u0501\u0503\u0505\u0507\u0509\u050b\u050d\u050f\u0511\u0513\u0515\u0517\u0519\u051b\u051d\u051f\u0521\u0523\u0525\u0527\u0529\u052b\u052d\u052f\u0560-\u0588\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fd-\u10ff\u13f8-\u13fd\u1c80-\u1c88\u1d00-\u1d2b\u1d6b-\u1d77\u1d79-\u1d9a\u1e01\u1e03\u1e05\u1e07\u1e09\u1e0b\u1e0d\u1e0f\u1e11\u1e13\u1e15\u1e17\u1e19\u1e1b\u1e1d\u1e1f\u1e21\u1e23\u1e25\u1e27\u1e29\u1e2b\u1e2d\u1e2f\u1e31\u1e33\u1e35\u1e37\u1e39\u1e3b\u1e3d\u1e3f\u1e41\u1e43\u1e45\u1e47\u1e49\u1e4b\u1e4d\u1e4f\u1e51\u1e53\u1e55\u1e57\u1e59\u1e5b\u1e5d\u1e5f\u1e61\u1e63\u1e65\u1e67\u1e69\u1e6b\u1e6d\u1e6f\u1e71\u1e73\u1e75\u1e77\u1e79\u1e7b\u1e7d\u1e7f\u1e81\u1e83\u1e85\u1e87\u1e89\u1e8b\u1e8d\u1e8f\u1e91\u1e93\u1e95-\u1e9d\u1e9f\u1ea1\u1ea3\u1ea5\u1ea7\u1ea9\u1eab\u1ead\u1eaf\u1eb1\u1eb3\u1eb5\u1eb7\u1eb9\u1ebb\u1ebd\u1ebf\u1ec1\u1ec3\u1ec5\u1ec7\u1ec9\u1ecb\u1ecd\u1ecf\u1ed1\u1ed3\u1ed5\u1ed7\u1ed9\u1edb\u1edd\u1edf\u1ee1\u1ee3\u1ee5\u1ee7\u1ee9\u1eeb\u1eed\u1eef\u1ef1\u1ef3\u1ef5\u1ef7\u1ef9\u1efb\u1efd\u1eff-\u1f07\u1f10-\u1f15\u1f20-\u1f27\u1f30-\u1f37\u1f40-\u1f45\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f60-\u1f67\u1f70-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1f87\u1f90-\u1f97\u1fa0-\u1fa7\u1fb0-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fb7\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fc7\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fd7\u1fe0-\u1fe7\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ff7\u210a\u210e-\u210f\u2113\u212f\u2134\u2139\u213c-\u213d\u2146-\u2149\u214e\u2184\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c61\u2c65-\u2c66\u2c68\u2c6a\u2c6c\u2c71\u2c73-\u2c74\u2c76-\u2c7b\u2c81\u2c83\u2c85\u2c87\u2c89\u2c8b\u2c8d\u2c8f\u2c91\u2c93\u2c95\u2c97\u2c99\u2c9b\u2c9d\u2c9f\u2ca1\u2ca3\u2ca5\u2ca7\u2ca9\u2cab\u2cad\u2caf\u2cb1\u2cb3\u2cb5\u2cb7\u2cb9\u2cbb\u2cbd\u2cbf\u2cc1\u2cc3\u2cc5\u2cc7\u2cc9\u2ccb\u2ccd\u2ccf\u2cd1\u2cd3\u2cd5\u2cd7\u2cd9\u2cdb\u2cdd\u2cdf\u2ce1\u2ce3-\u2ce4\u2cec\u2cee\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\ua641\ua643\ua645\ua647\ua649\ua64b\ua64d\ua64f\ua651\ua653\ua655\ua657\ua659\ua65b\ua65d\ua65f\ua661\ua663\ua665\ua667\ua669\ua66b\ua66d\ua681\ua683\ua685\ua687\ua689\ua68b\ua68d\ua68f\ua691\ua693\ua695\ua697\ua699\ua69b\ua723\ua725\ua727\ua729\ua72b\ua72d\ua72f-\ua731\ua733\ua735\ua737\ua739\ua73b\ua73d\ua73f\ua741\ua743\ua745\ua747\ua749\ua74b\ua74d\ua74f\ua751\ua753\ua755\ua757\ua759\ua75b\ua75d\ua75f\ua761\ua763\ua765\ua767\ua769\ua76b\ua76d\ua76f\ua771-\ua778\ua77a\ua77c\ua77f\ua781\ua783\ua785\ua787\ua78c\ua78e\ua791\ua793-\ua795\ua797\ua799\ua79b\ua79d\ua79f\ua7a1\ua7a3\ua7a5\ua7a7\ua7a9\ua7af\ua7b5\ua7b7\ua7b9\ua7fa\uab30-\uab5a\uab60-\uab65\uab70-\uabbf\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\uff41-\uff5a\U00010428-\U0001044f\U000104d8-\U000104fb\U00010cc0-\U00010cf2\U000118c0-\U000118df\U00016e60-\U00016e7f\U0001d41a-\U0001d433\U0001d44e-\U0001d454\U0001d456-\U0001d467\U0001d482-\U0001d49b\U0001d4b6-\U0001d4b9\U0001d4bb\U0001d4bd-\U0001d4c3\U0001d4c5-\U0001d4cf\U0001d4ea-\U0001d503\U0001d51e-\U0001d537\U0001d552-\U0001d56b\U0001d586-\U0001d59f\U0001d5ba-\U0001d5d3\U0001d5ee-\U0001d607\U0001d622-\U0001d63b\U0001d656-\U0001d66f\U0001d68a-\U0001d6a5\U0001d6c2-\U0001d6da\U0001d6dc-\U0001d6e1\U0001d6fc-\U0001d714\U0001d716-\U0001d71b\U0001d736-\U0001d74e\U0001d750-\U0001d755\U0001d770-\U0001d788\U0001d78a-\U0001d78f\U0001d7aa-\U0001d7c2\U0001d7c4-\U0001d7c9\U0001d7cb\U0001e922-\U0001e943'
+
+Lm = '\u02b0-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0374\u037a\u0559\u0640\u06e5-\u06e6\u07f4-\u07f5\u07fa\u081a\u0824\u0828\u0971\u0e46\u0ec6\u10fc\u17d7\u1843\u1aa7\u1c78-\u1c7d\u1d2c-\u1d6a\u1d78\u1d9b-\u1dbf\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u2c7c-\u2c7d\u2d6f\u2e2f\u3005\u3031-\u3035\u303b\u309d-\u309e\u30fc-\u30fe\ua015\ua4f8-\ua4fd\ua60c\ua67f\ua69c-\ua69d\ua717-\ua71f\ua770\ua788\ua7f8-\ua7f9\ua9cf\ua9e6\uaa70\uaadd\uaaf3-\uaaf4\uab5c-\uab5f\uff70\uff9e-\uff9f\U00016b40-\U00016b43\U00016f93-\U00016f9f\U00016fe0-\U00016fe1'
+
+Lo = '\xaa\xba\u01bb\u01c0-\u01c3\u0294\u05d0-\u05ea\u05ef-\u05f2\u0620-\u063f\u0641-\u064a\u066e-\u066f\u0671-\u06d3\u06d5\u06ee-\u06ef\u06fa-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710\u0712-\u072f\u074d-\u07a5\u07b1\u07ca-\u07ea\u0800-\u0815\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086a\u08a0-\u08b4\u08b6-\u08bd\u0904-\u0939\u093d\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0972-\u0980\u0985-\u098c\u098f-\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bd\u09ce\u09dc-\u09dd\u09df-\u09e1\u09f0-\u09f1\u09fc\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f-\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32-\u0a33\u0a35-\u0a36\u0a38-\u0a39\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a72-\u0a74\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2-\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae1\u0af9\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f-\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32-\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3d\u0b5c-\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b61\u0b71\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99-\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e-\u0b9f\u0ba3-\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bd0\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c39\u0c3d\u0c58-\u0c5a\u0c60-\u0c61\u0c80\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbd\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce1\u0cf1-\u0cf2\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d\u0d4e\u0d54-\u0d56\u0d5f-\u0d61\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0e01-\u0e30\u0e32-\u0e33\u0e40-\u0e45\u0e81-\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87-\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa-\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb0\u0eb2-\u0eb3\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f40-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f88-\u0f8c\u1000-\u102a\u103f\u1050-\u1055\u105a-\u105d\u1061\u1065-\u1066\u106e-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108e\u1100-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u1380-\u138f\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16f1-\u16f8\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1780-\u17b3\u17dc\u1820-\u1842\u1844-\u1878\u1880-\u1884\u1887-\u18a8\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191e\u1950-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u1a00-\u1a16\u1a20-\u1a54\u1b05-\u1b33\u1b45-\u1b4b\u1b83-\u1ba0\u1bae-\u1baf\u1bba-\u1be5\u1c00-\u1c23\u1c4d-\u1c4f\u1c5a-\u1c77\u1ce9-\u1cec\u1cee-\u1cf1\u1cf5-\u1cf6\u2135-\u2138\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d80-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u3006\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30ff\u3105-\u312f\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fef\ua000-\ua014\ua016-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4f7\ua500-\ua60b\ua610-\ua61f\ua62a-\ua62b\ua66e\ua6a0-\ua6e5\ua78f\ua7f7\ua7fb-\ua801\ua803-\ua805\ua807-\ua80a\ua80c-\ua822\ua840-\ua873\ua882-\ua8b3\ua8f2-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua8fd-\ua8fe\ua90a-\ua925\ua930-\ua946\ua960-\ua97c\ua984-\ua9b2\ua9e0-\ua9e4\ua9e7-\ua9ef\ua9fa-\ua9fe\uaa00-\uaa28\uaa40-\uaa42\uaa44-\uaa4b\uaa60-\uaa6f\uaa71-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7e-\uaaaf\uaab1\uaab5-\uaab6\uaab9-\uaabd\uaac0\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadc\uaae0-\uaaea\uaaf2\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uabc0-\uabe2\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb1d\ufb1f-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40-\ufb41\ufb43-\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdfb\ufe70-\ufe74\ufe76-\ufefc\uff66-\uff6f\uff71-\uff9d\uffa0-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc\U00010000-\U0001000b\U0001000d-\U00010026\U00010028-\U0001003a\U0001003c-\U0001003d\U0001003f-\U0001004d\U00010050-\U0001005d\U00010080-\U000100fa\U00010280-\U0001029c\U000102a0-\U000102d0\U00010300-\U0001031f\U0001032d-\U00010340\U00010342-\U00010349\U00010350-\U00010375\U00010380-\U0001039d\U000103a0-\U000103c3\U000103c8-\U000103cf\U00010450-\U0001049d\U00010500-\U00010527\U00010530-\U00010563\U00010600-\U00010736\U00010740-\U00010755\U00010760-\U00010767\U00010800-\U00010805\U00010808\U0001080a-\U00010835\U00010837-\U00010838\U0001083c\U0001083f-\U00010855\U00010860-\U00010876\U00010880-\U0001089e\U000108e0-\U000108f2\U000108f4-\U000108f5\U00010900-\U00010915\U00010920-\U00010939\U00010980-\U000109b7\U000109be-\U000109bf\U00010a00\U00010a10-\U00010a13\U00010a15-\U00010a17\U00010a19-\U00010a35\U00010a60-\U00010a7c\U00010a80-\U00010a9c\U00010ac0-\U00010ac7\U00010ac9-\U00010ae4\U00010b00-\U00010b35\U00010b40-\U00010b55\U00010b60-\U00010b72\U00010b80-\U00010b91\U00010c00-\U00010c48\U00010d00-\U00010d23\U00010f00-\U00010f1c\U00010f27\U00010f30-\U00010f45\U00011003-\U00011037\U00011083-\U000110af\U000110d0-\U000110e8\U00011103-\U00011126\U00011144\U00011150-\U00011172\U00011176\U00011183-\U000111b2\U000111c1-\U000111c4\U000111da\U000111dc\U00011200-\U00011211\U00011213-\U0001122b\U00011280-\U00011286\U00011288\U0001128a-\U0001128d\U0001128f-\U0001129d\U0001129f-\U000112a8\U000112b0-\U000112de\U00011305-\U0001130c\U0001130f-\U00011310\U00011313-\U00011328\U0001132a-\U00011330\U00011332-\U00011333\U00011335-\U00011339\U0001133d\U00011350\U0001135d-\U00011361\U00011400-\U00011434\U00011447-\U0001144a\U00011480-\U000114af\U000114c4-\U000114c5\U000114c7\U00011580-\U000115ae\U000115d8-\U000115db\U00011600-\U0001162f\U00011644\U00011680-\U000116aa\U00011700-\U0001171a\U00011800-\U0001182b\U000118ff\U00011a00\U00011a0b-\U00011a32\U00011a3a\U00011a50\U00011a5c-\U00011a83\U00011a86-\U00011a89\U00011a9d\U00011ac0-\U00011af8\U00011c00-\U00011c08\U00011c0a-\U00011c2e\U00011c40\U00011c72-\U00011c8f\U00011d00-\U00011d06\U00011d08-\U00011d09\U00011d0b-\U00011d30\U00011d46\U00011d60-\U00011d65\U00011d67-\U00011d68\U00011d6a-\U00011d89\U00011d98\U00011ee0-\U00011ef2\U00012000-\U00012399\U00012480-\U00012543\U00013000-\U0001342e\U00014400-\U00014646\U00016800-\U00016a38\U00016a40-\U00016a5e\U00016ad0-\U00016aed\U00016b00-\U00016b2f\U00016b63-\U00016b77\U00016b7d-\U00016b8f\U00016f00-\U00016f44\U00016f50\U00017000-\U000187f1\U00018800-\U00018af2\U0001b000-\U0001b11e\U0001b170-\U0001b2fb\U0001bc00-\U0001bc6a\U0001bc70-\U0001bc7c\U0001bc80-\U0001bc88\U0001bc90-\U0001bc99\U0001e800-\U0001e8c4\U0001ee00-\U0001ee03\U0001ee05-\U0001ee1f\U0001ee21-\U0001ee22\U0001ee24\U0001ee27\U0001ee29-\U0001ee32\U0001ee34-\U0001ee37\U0001ee39\U0001ee3b\U0001ee42\U0001ee47\U0001ee49\U0001ee4b\U0001ee4d-\U0001ee4f\U0001ee51-\U0001ee52\U0001ee54\U0001ee57\U0001ee59\U0001ee5b\U0001ee5d\U0001ee5f\U0001ee61-\U0001ee62\U0001ee64\U0001ee67-\U0001ee6a\U0001ee6c-\U0001ee72\U0001ee74-\U0001ee77\U0001ee79-\U0001ee7c\U0001ee7e\U0001ee80-\U0001ee89\U0001ee8b-\U0001ee9b\U0001eea1-\U0001eea3\U0001eea5-\U0001eea9\U0001eeab-\U0001eebb\U00020000-\U0002a6d6\U0002a700-\U0002b734\U0002b740-\U0002b81d\U0002b820-\U0002cea1\U0002ceb0-\U0002ebe0\U0002f800-\U0002fa1d'
+
+Lt = '\u01c5\u01c8\u01cb\u01f2\u1f88-\u1f8f\u1f98-\u1f9f\u1fa8-\u1faf\u1fbc\u1fcc\u1ffc'
+
+Lu = 'A-Z\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\u0100\u0102\u0104\u0106\u0108\u010a\u010c\u010e\u0110\u0112\u0114\u0116\u0118\u011a\u011c\u011e\u0120\u0122\u0124\u0126\u0128\u012a\u012c\u012e\u0130\u0132\u0134\u0136\u0139\u013b\u013d\u013f\u0141\u0143\u0145\u0147\u014a\u014c\u014e\u0150\u0152\u0154\u0156\u0158\u015a\u015c\u015e\u0160\u0162\u0164\u0166\u0168\u016a\u016c\u016e\u0170\u0172\u0174\u0176\u0178-\u0179\u017b\u017d\u0181-\u0182\u0184\u0186-\u0187\u0189-\u018b\u018e-\u0191\u0193-\u0194\u0196-\u0198\u019c-\u019d\u019f-\u01a0\u01a2\u01a4\u01a6-\u01a7\u01a9\u01ac\u01ae-\u01af\u01b1-\u01b3\u01b5\u01b7-\u01b8\u01bc\u01c4\u01c7\u01ca\u01cd\u01cf\u01d1\u01d3\u01d5\u01d7\u01d9\u01db\u01de\u01e0\u01e2\u01e4\u01e6\u01e8\u01ea\u01ec\u01ee\u01f1\u01f4\u01f6-\u01f8\u01fa\u01fc\u01fe\u0200\u0202\u0204\u0206\u0208\u020a\u020c\u020e\u0210\u0212\u0214\u0216\u0218\u021a\u021c\u021e\u0220\u0222\u0224\u0226\u0228\u022a\u022c\u022e\u0230\u0232\u023a-\u023b\u023d-\u023e\u0241\u0243-\u0246\u0248\u024a\u024c\u024e\u0370\u0372\u0376\u037f\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u038f\u0391-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03ab\u03cf\u03d2-\u03d4\u03d8\u03da\u03dc\u03de\u03e0\u03e2\u03e4\u03e6\u03e8\u03ea\u03ec\u03ee\u03f4\u03f7\u03f9-\u03fa\u03fd-\u042f\u0460\u0462\u0464\u0466\u0468\u046a\u046c\u046e\u0470\u0472\u0474\u0476\u0478\u047a\u047c\u047e\u0480\u048a\u048c\u048e\u0490\u0492\u0494\u0496\u0498\u049a\u049c\u049e\u04a0\u04a2\u04a4\u04a6\u04a8\u04aa\u04ac\u04ae\u04b0\u04b2\u04b4\u04b6\u04b8\u04ba\u04bc\u04be\u04c0-\u04c1\u04c3\u04c5\u04c7\u04c9\u04cb\u04cd\u04d0\u04d2\u04d4\u04d6\u04d8\u04da\u04dc\u04de\u04e0\u04e2\u04e4\u04e6\u04e8\u04ea\u04ec\u04ee\u04f0\u04f2\u04f4\u04f6\u04f8\u04fa\u04fc\u04fe\u0500\u0502\u0504\u0506\u0508\u050a\u050c\u050e\u0510\u0512\u0514\u0516\u0518\u051a\u051c\u051e\u0520\u0522\u0524\u0526\u0528\u052a\u052c\u052e\u0531-\u0556\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u13a0-\u13f5\u1c90-\u1cba\u1cbd-\u1cbf\u1e00\u1e02\u1e04\u1e06\u1e08\u1e0a\u1e0c\u1e0e\u1e10\u1e12\u1e14\u1e16\u1e18\u1e1a\u1e1c\u1e1e\u1e20\u1e22\u1e24\u1e26\u1e28\u1e2a\u1e2c\u1e2e\u1e30\u1e32\u1e34\u1e36\u1e38\u1e3a\u1e3c\u1e3e\u1e40\u1e42\u1e44\u1e46\u1e48\u1e4a\u1e4c\u1e4e\u1e50\u1e52\u1e54\u1e56\u1e58\u1e5a\u1e5c\u1e5e\u1e60\u1e62\u1e64\u1e66\u1e68\u1e6a\u1e6c\u1e6e\u1e70\u1e72\u1e74\u1e76\u1e78\u1e7a\u1e7c\u1e7e\u1e80\u1e82\u1e84\u1e86\u1e88\u1e8a\u1e8c\u1e8e\u1e90\u1e92\u1e94\u1e9e\u1ea0\u1ea2\u1ea4\u1ea6\u1ea8\u1eaa\u1eac\u1eae\u1eb0\u1eb2\u1eb4\u1eb6\u1eb8\u1eba\u1ebc\u1ebe\u1ec0\u1ec2\u1ec4\u1ec6\u1ec8\u1eca\u1ecc\u1ece\u1ed0\u1ed2\u1ed4\u1ed6\u1ed8\u1eda\u1edc\u1ede\u1ee0\u1ee2\u1ee4\u1ee6\u1ee8\u1eea\u1eec\u1eee\u1ef0\u1ef2\u1ef4\u1ef6\u1ef8\u1efa\u1efc\u1efe\u1f08-\u1f0f\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f28-\u1f2f\u1f38-\u1f3f\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f\u1f68-\u1f6f\u1fb8-\u1fbb\u1fc8-\u1fcb\u1fd8-\u1fdb\u1fe8-\u1fec\u1ff8-\u1ffb\u2102\u2107\u210b-\u210d\u2110-\u2112\u2115\u2119-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u212d\u2130-\u2133\u213e-\u213f\u2145\u2183\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c60\u2c62-\u2c64\u2c67\u2c69\u2c6b\u2c6d-\u2c70\u2c72\u2c75\u2c7e-\u2c80\u2c82\u2c84\u2c86\u2c88\u2c8a\u2c8c\u2c8e\u2c90\u2c92\u2c94\u2c96\u2c98\u2c9a\u2c9c\u2c9e\u2ca0\u2ca2\u2ca4\u2ca6\u2ca8\u2caa\u2cac\u2cae\u2cb0\u2cb2\u2cb4\u2cb6\u2cb8\u2cba\u2cbc\u2cbe\u2cc0\u2cc2\u2cc4\u2cc6\u2cc8\u2cca\u2ccc\u2cce\u2cd0\u2cd2\u2cd4\u2cd6\u2cd8\u2cda\u2cdc\u2cde\u2ce0\u2ce2\u2ceb\u2ced\u2cf2\ua640\ua642\ua644\ua646\ua648\ua64a\ua64c\ua64e\ua650\ua652\ua654\ua656\ua658\ua65a\ua65c\ua65e\ua660\ua662\ua664\ua666\ua668\ua66a\ua66c\ua680\ua682\ua684\ua686\ua688\ua68a\ua68c\ua68e\ua690\ua692\ua694\ua696\ua698\ua69a\ua722\ua724\ua726\ua728\ua72a\ua72c\ua72e\ua732\ua734\ua736\ua738\ua73a\ua73c\ua73e\ua740\ua742\ua744\ua746\ua748\ua74a\ua74c\ua74e\ua750\ua752\ua754\ua756\ua758\ua75a\ua75c\ua75e\ua760\ua762\ua764\ua766\ua768\ua76a\ua76c\ua76e\ua779\ua77b\ua77d-\ua77e\ua780\ua782\ua784\ua786\ua78b\ua78d\ua790\ua792\ua796\ua798\ua79a\ua79c\ua79e\ua7a0\ua7a2\ua7a4\ua7a6\ua7a8\ua7aa-\ua7ae\ua7b0-\ua7b4\ua7b6\ua7b8\uff21-\uff3a\U00010400-\U00010427\U000104b0-\U000104d3\U00010c80-\U00010cb2\U000118a0-\U000118bf\U00016e40-\U00016e5f\U0001d400-\U0001d419\U0001d434-\U0001d44d\U0001d468-\U0001d481\U0001d49c\U0001d49e-\U0001d49f\U0001d4a2\U0001d4a5-\U0001d4a6\U0001d4a9-\U0001d4ac\U0001d4ae-\U0001d4b5\U0001d4d0-\U0001d4e9\U0001d504-\U0001d505\U0001d507-\U0001d50a\U0001d50d-\U0001d514\U0001d516-\U0001d51c\U0001d538-\U0001d539\U0001d53b-\U0001d53e\U0001d540-\U0001d544\U0001d546\U0001d54a-\U0001d550\U0001d56c-\U0001d585\U0001d5a0-\U0001d5b9\U0001d5d4-\U0001d5ed\U0001d608-\U0001d621\U0001d63c-\U0001d655\U0001d670-\U0001d689\U0001d6a8-\U0001d6c0\U0001d6e2-\U0001d6fa\U0001d71c-\U0001d734\U0001d756-\U0001d76e\U0001d790-\U0001d7a8\U0001d7ca\U0001e900-\U0001e921'
+
+Mc = '\u0903\u093b\u093e-\u0940\u0949-\u094c\u094e-\u094f\u0982-\u0983\u09be-\u09c0\u09c7-\u09c8\u09cb-\u09cc\u09d7\u0a03\u0a3e-\u0a40\u0a83\u0abe-\u0ac0\u0ac9\u0acb-\u0acc\u0b02-\u0b03\u0b3e\u0b40\u0b47-\u0b48\u0b4b-\u0b4c\u0b57\u0bbe-\u0bbf\u0bc1-\u0bc2\u0bc6-\u0bc8\u0bca-\u0bcc\u0bd7\u0c01-\u0c03\u0c41-\u0c44\u0c82-\u0c83\u0cbe\u0cc0-\u0cc4\u0cc7-\u0cc8\u0cca-\u0ccb\u0cd5-\u0cd6\u0d02-\u0d03\u0d3e-\u0d40\u0d46-\u0d48\u0d4a-\u0d4c\u0d57\u0d82-\u0d83\u0dcf-\u0dd1\u0dd8-\u0ddf\u0df2-\u0df3\u0f3e-\u0f3f\u0f7f\u102b-\u102c\u1031\u1038\u103b-\u103c\u1056-\u1057\u1062-\u1064\u1067-\u106d\u1083-\u1084\u1087-\u108c\u108f\u109a-\u109c\u17b6\u17be-\u17c5\u17c7-\u17c8\u1923-\u1926\u1929-\u192b\u1930-\u1931\u1933-\u1938\u1a19-\u1a1a\u1a55\u1a57\u1a61\u1a63-\u1a64\u1a6d-\u1a72\u1b04\u1b35\u1b3b\u1b3d-\u1b41\u1b43-\u1b44\u1b82\u1ba1\u1ba6-\u1ba7\u1baa\u1be7\u1bea-\u1bec\u1bee\u1bf2-\u1bf3\u1c24-\u1c2b\u1c34-\u1c35\u1ce1\u1cf2-\u1cf3\u1cf7\u302e-\u302f\ua823-\ua824\ua827\ua880-\ua881\ua8b4-\ua8c3\ua952-\ua953\ua983\ua9b4-\ua9b5\ua9ba-\ua9bb\ua9bd-\ua9c0\uaa2f-\uaa30\uaa33-\uaa34\uaa4d\uaa7b\uaa7d\uaaeb\uaaee-\uaaef\uaaf5\uabe3-\uabe4\uabe6-\uabe7\uabe9-\uabea\uabec\U00011000\U00011002\U00011082\U000110b0-\U000110b2\U000110b7-\U000110b8\U0001112c\U00011145-\U00011146\U00011182\U000111b3-\U000111b5\U000111bf-\U000111c0\U0001122c-\U0001122e\U00011232-\U00011233\U00011235\U000112e0-\U000112e2\U00011302-\U00011303\U0001133e-\U0001133f\U00011341-\U00011344\U00011347-\U00011348\U0001134b-\U0001134d\U00011357\U00011362-\U00011363\U00011435-\U00011437\U00011440-\U00011441\U00011445\U000114b0-\U000114b2\U000114b9\U000114bb-\U000114be\U000114c1\U000115af-\U000115b1\U000115b8-\U000115bb\U000115be\U00011630-\U00011632\U0001163b-\U0001163c\U0001163e\U000116ac\U000116ae-\U000116af\U000116b6\U00011720-\U00011721\U00011726\U0001182c-\U0001182e\U00011838\U00011a39\U00011a57-\U00011a58\U00011a97\U00011c2f\U00011c3e\U00011ca9\U00011cb1\U00011cb4\U00011d8a-\U00011d8e\U00011d93-\U00011d94\U00011d96\U00011ef5-\U00011ef6\U00016f51-\U00016f7e\U0001d165-\U0001d166\U0001d16d-\U0001d172'
+
+Me = '\u0488-\u0489\u1abe\u20dd-\u20e0\u20e2-\u20e4\ua670-\ua672'
+
+Mn = '\u0300-\u036f\u0483-\u0487\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1-\u05c2\u05c4-\u05c5\u05c7\u0610-\u061a\u064b-\u065f\u0670\u06d6-\u06dc\u06df-\u06e4\u06e7-\u06e8\u06ea-\u06ed\u0711\u0730-\u074a\u07a6-\u07b0\u07eb-\u07f3\u07fd\u0816-\u0819\u081b-\u0823\u0825-\u0827\u0829-\u082d\u0859-\u085b\u08d3-\u08e1\u08e3-\u0902\u093a\u093c\u0941-\u0948\u094d\u0951-\u0957\u0962-\u0963\u0981\u09bc\u09c1-\u09c4\u09cd\u09e2-\u09e3\u09fe\u0a01-\u0a02\u0a3c\u0a41-\u0a42\u0a47-\u0a48\u0a4b-\u0a4d\u0a51\u0a70-\u0a71\u0a75\u0a81-\u0a82\u0abc\u0ac1-\u0ac5\u0ac7-\u0ac8\u0acd\u0ae2-\u0ae3\u0afa-\u0aff\u0b01\u0b3c\u0b3f\u0b41-\u0b44\u0b4d\u0b56\u0b62-\u0b63\u0b82\u0bc0\u0bcd\u0c00\u0c04\u0c3e-\u0c40\u0c46-\u0c48\u0c4a-\u0c4d\u0c55-\u0c56\u0c62-\u0c63\u0c81\u0cbc\u0cbf\u0cc6\u0ccc-\u0ccd\u0ce2-\u0ce3\u0d00-\u0d01\u0d3b-\u0d3c\u0d41-\u0d44\u0d4d\u0d62-\u0d63\u0dca\u0dd2-\u0dd4\u0dd6\u0e31\u0e34-\u0e3a\u0e47-\u0e4e\u0eb1\u0eb4-\u0eb9\u0ebb-\u0ebc\u0ec8-\u0ecd\u0f18-\u0f19\u0f35\u0f37\u0f39\u0f71-\u0f7e\u0f80-\u0f84\u0f86-\u0f87\u0f8d-\u0f97\u0f99-\u0fbc\u0fc6\u102d-\u1030\u1032-\u1037\u1039-\u103a\u103d-\u103e\u1058-\u1059\u105e-\u1060\u1071-\u1074\u1082\u1085-\u1086\u108d\u109d\u135d-\u135f\u1712-\u1714\u1732-\u1734\u1752-\u1753\u1772-\u1773\u17b4-\u17b5\u17b7-\u17bd\u17c6\u17c9-\u17d3\u17dd\u180b-\u180d\u1885-\u1886\u18a9\u1920-\u1922\u1927-\u1928\u1932\u1939-\u193b\u1a17-\u1a18\u1a1b\u1a56\u1a58-\u1a5e\u1a60\u1a62\u1a65-\u1a6c\u1a73-\u1a7c\u1a7f\u1ab0-\u1abd\u1b00-\u1b03\u1b34\u1b36-\u1b3a\u1b3c\u1b42\u1b6b-\u1b73\u1b80-\u1b81\u1ba2-\u1ba5\u1ba8-\u1ba9\u1bab-\u1bad\u1be6\u1be8-\u1be9\u1bed\u1bef-\u1bf1\u1c2c-\u1c33\u1c36-\u1c37\u1cd0-\u1cd2\u1cd4-\u1ce0\u1ce2-\u1ce8\u1ced\u1cf4\u1cf8-\u1cf9\u1dc0-\u1df9\u1dfb-\u1dff\u20d0-\u20dc\u20e1\u20e5-\u20f0\u2cef-\u2cf1\u2d7f\u2de0-\u2dff\u302a-\u302d\u3099-\u309a\ua66f\ua674-\ua67d\ua69e-\ua69f\ua6f0-\ua6f1\ua802\ua806\ua80b\ua825-\ua826\ua8c4-\ua8c5\ua8e0-\ua8f1\ua8ff\ua926-\ua92d\ua947-\ua951\ua980-\ua982\ua9b3\ua9b6-\ua9b9\ua9bc\ua9e5\uaa29-\uaa2e\uaa31-\uaa32\uaa35-\uaa36\uaa43\uaa4c\uaa7c\uaab0\uaab2-\uaab4\uaab7-\uaab8\uaabe-\uaabf\uaac1\uaaec-\uaaed\uaaf6\uabe5\uabe8\uabed\ufb1e\ufe00-\ufe0f\ufe20-\ufe2f\U000101fd\U000102e0\U00010376-\U0001037a\U00010a01-\U00010a03\U00010a05-\U00010a06\U00010a0c-\U00010a0f\U00010a38-\U00010a3a\U00010a3f\U00010ae5-\U00010ae6\U00010d24-\U00010d27\U00010f46-\U00010f50\U00011001\U00011038-\U00011046\U0001107f-\U00011081\U000110b3-\U000110b6\U000110b9-\U000110ba\U00011100-\U00011102\U00011127-\U0001112b\U0001112d-\U00011134\U00011173\U00011180-\U00011181\U000111b6-\U000111be\U000111c9-\U000111cc\U0001122f-\U00011231\U00011234\U00011236-\U00011237\U0001123e\U000112df\U000112e3-\U000112ea\U00011300-\U00011301\U0001133b-\U0001133c\U00011340\U00011366-\U0001136c\U00011370-\U00011374\U00011438-\U0001143f\U00011442-\U00011444\U00011446\U0001145e\U000114b3-\U000114b8\U000114ba\U000114bf-\U000114c0\U000114c2-\U000114c3\U000115b2-\U000115b5\U000115bc-\U000115bd\U000115bf-\U000115c0\U000115dc-\U000115dd\U00011633-\U0001163a\U0001163d\U0001163f-\U00011640\U000116ab\U000116ad\U000116b0-\U000116b5\U000116b7\U0001171d-\U0001171f\U00011722-\U00011725\U00011727-\U0001172b\U0001182f-\U00011837\U00011839-\U0001183a\U00011a01-\U00011a0a\U00011a33-\U00011a38\U00011a3b-\U00011a3e\U00011a47\U00011a51-\U00011a56\U00011a59-\U00011a5b\U00011a8a-\U00011a96\U00011a98-\U00011a99\U00011c30-\U00011c36\U00011c38-\U00011c3d\U00011c3f\U00011c92-\U00011ca7\U00011caa-\U00011cb0\U00011cb2-\U00011cb3\U00011cb5-\U00011cb6\U00011d31-\U00011d36\U00011d3a\U00011d3c-\U00011d3d\U00011d3f-\U00011d45\U00011d47\U00011d90-\U00011d91\U00011d95\U00011d97\U00011ef3-\U00011ef4\U00016af0-\U00016af4\U00016b30-\U00016b36\U00016f8f-\U00016f92\U0001bc9d-\U0001bc9e\U0001d167-\U0001d169\U0001d17b-\U0001d182\U0001d185-\U0001d18b\U0001d1aa-\U0001d1ad\U0001d242-\U0001d244\U0001da00-\U0001da36\U0001da3b-\U0001da6c\U0001da75\U0001da84\U0001da9b-\U0001da9f\U0001daa1-\U0001daaf\U0001e000-\U0001e006\U0001e008-\U0001e018\U0001e01b-\U0001e021\U0001e023-\U0001e024\U0001e026-\U0001e02a\U0001e8d0-\U0001e8d6\U0001e944-\U0001e94a\U000e0100-\U000e01ef'
+
+Nd = '0-9\u0660-\u0669\u06f0-\u06f9\u07c0-\u07c9\u0966-\u096f\u09e6-\u09ef\u0a66-\u0a6f\u0ae6-\u0aef\u0b66-\u0b6f\u0be6-\u0bef\u0c66-\u0c6f\u0ce6-\u0cef\u0d66-\u0d6f\u0de6-\u0def\u0e50-\u0e59\u0ed0-\u0ed9\u0f20-\u0f29\u1040-\u1049\u1090-\u1099\u17e0-\u17e9\u1810-\u1819\u1946-\u194f\u19d0-\u19d9\u1a80-\u1a89\u1a90-\u1a99\u1b50-\u1b59\u1bb0-\u1bb9\u1c40-\u1c49\u1c50-\u1c59\ua620-\ua629\ua8d0-\ua8d9\ua900-\ua909\ua9d0-\ua9d9\ua9f0-\ua9f9\uaa50-\uaa59\uabf0-\uabf9\uff10-\uff19\U000104a0-\U000104a9\U00010d30-\U00010d39\U00011066-\U0001106f\U000110f0-\U000110f9\U00011136-\U0001113f\U000111d0-\U000111d9\U000112f0-\U000112f9\U00011450-\U00011459\U000114d0-\U000114d9\U00011650-\U00011659\U000116c0-\U000116c9\U00011730-\U00011739\U000118e0-\U000118e9\U00011c50-\U00011c59\U00011d50-\U00011d59\U00011da0-\U00011da9\U00016a60-\U00016a69\U00016b50-\U00016b59\U0001d7ce-\U0001d7ff\U0001e950-\U0001e959'
+
+Nl = '\u16ee-\u16f0\u2160-\u2182\u2185-\u2188\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3038-\u303a\ua6e6-\ua6ef\U00010140-\U00010174\U00010341\U0001034a\U000103d1-\U000103d5\U00012400-\U0001246e'
+
+No = '\xb2-\xb3\xb9\xbc-\xbe\u09f4-\u09f9\u0b72-\u0b77\u0bf0-\u0bf2\u0c78-\u0c7e\u0d58-\u0d5e\u0d70-\u0d78\u0f2a-\u0f33\u1369-\u137c\u17f0-\u17f9\u19da\u2070\u2074-\u2079\u2080-\u2089\u2150-\u215f\u2189\u2460-\u249b\u24ea-\u24ff\u2776-\u2793\u2cfd\u3192-\u3195\u3220-\u3229\u3248-\u324f\u3251-\u325f\u3280-\u3289\u32b1-\u32bf\ua830-\ua835\U00010107-\U00010133\U00010175-\U00010178\U0001018a-\U0001018b\U000102e1-\U000102fb\U00010320-\U00010323\U00010858-\U0001085f\U00010879-\U0001087f\U000108a7-\U000108af\U000108fb-\U000108ff\U00010916-\U0001091b\U000109bc-\U000109bd\U000109c0-\U000109cf\U000109d2-\U000109ff\U00010a40-\U00010a48\U00010a7d-\U00010a7e\U00010a9d-\U00010a9f\U00010aeb-\U00010aef\U00010b58-\U00010b5f\U00010b78-\U00010b7f\U00010ba9-\U00010baf\U00010cfa-\U00010cff\U00010e60-\U00010e7e\U00010f1d-\U00010f26\U00010f51-\U00010f54\U00011052-\U00011065\U000111e1-\U000111f4\U0001173a-\U0001173b\U000118ea-\U000118f2\U00011c5a-\U00011c6c\U00016b5b-\U00016b61\U00016e80-\U00016e96\U0001d2e0-\U0001d2f3\U0001d360-\U0001d378\U0001e8c7-\U0001e8cf\U0001ec71-\U0001ecab\U0001ecad-\U0001ecaf\U0001ecb1-\U0001ecb4\U0001f100-\U0001f10c'
+
+Pc = '_\u203f-\u2040\u2054\ufe33-\ufe34\ufe4d-\ufe4f\uff3f'
+
+Pd = '\\-\u058a\u05be\u1400\u1806\u2010-\u2015\u2e17\u2e1a\u2e3a-\u2e3b\u2e40\u301c\u3030\u30a0\ufe31-\ufe32\ufe58\ufe63\uff0d'
+
+Pe = ')\\]}\u0f3b\u0f3d\u169c\u2046\u207e\u208e\u2309\u230b\u232a\u2769\u276b\u276d\u276f\u2771\u2773\u2775\u27c6\u27e7\u27e9\u27eb\u27ed\u27ef\u2984\u2986\u2988\u298a\u298c\u298e\u2990\u2992\u2994\u2996\u2998\u29d9\u29db\u29fd\u2e23\u2e25\u2e27\u2e29\u3009\u300b\u300d\u300f\u3011\u3015\u3017\u3019\u301b\u301e-\u301f\ufd3e\ufe18\ufe36\ufe38\ufe3a\ufe3c\ufe3e\ufe40\ufe42\ufe44\ufe48\ufe5a\ufe5c\ufe5e\uff09\uff3d\uff5d\uff60\uff63'
+
+Pf = '\xbb\u2019\u201d\u203a\u2e03\u2e05\u2e0a\u2e0d\u2e1d\u2e21'
+
+Pi = '\xab\u2018\u201b-\u201c\u201f\u2039\u2e02\u2e04\u2e09\u2e0c\u2e1c\u2e20'
+
+Po = "!-#%-'*,.-/:-;?-@\\\\\xa1\xa7\xb6-\xb7\xbf\u037e\u0387\u055a-\u055f\u0589\u05c0\u05c3\u05c6\u05f3-\u05f4\u0609-\u060a\u060c-\u060d\u061b\u061e-\u061f\u066a-\u066d\u06d4\u0700-\u070d\u07f7-\u07f9\u0830-\u083e\u085e\u0964-\u0965\u0970\u09fd\u0a76\u0af0\u0c84\u0df4\u0e4f\u0e5a-\u0e5b\u0f04-\u0f12\u0f14\u0f85\u0fd0-\u0fd4\u0fd9-\u0fda\u104a-\u104f\u10fb\u1360-\u1368\u166d-\u166e\u16eb-\u16ed\u1735-\u1736\u17d4-\u17d6\u17d8-\u17da\u1800-\u1805\u1807-\u180a\u1944-\u1945\u1a1e-\u1a1f\u1aa0-\u1aa6\u1aa8-\u1aad\u1b5a-\u1b60\u1bfc-\u1bff\u1c3b-\u1c3f\u1c7e-\u1c7f\u1cc0-\u1cc7\u1cd3\u2016-\u2017\u2020-\u2027\u2030-\u2038\u203b-\u203e\u2041-\u2043\u2047-\u2051\u2053\u2055-\u205e\u2cf9-\u2cfc\u2cfe-\u2cff\u2d70\u2e00-\u2e01\u2e06-\u2e08\u2e0b\u2e0e-\u2e16\u2e18-\u2e19\u2e1b\u2e1e-\u2e1f\u2e2a-\u2e2e\u2e30-\u2e39\u2e3c-\u2e3f\u2e41\u2e43-\u2e4e\u3001-\u3003\u303d\u30fb\ua4fe-\ua4ff\ua60d-\ua60f\ua673\ua67e\ua6f2-\ua6f7\ua874-\ua877\ua8ce-\ua8cf\ua8f8-\ua8fa\ua8fc\ua92e-\ua92f\ua95f\ua9c1-\ua9cd\ua9de-\ua9df\uaa5c-\uaa5f\uaade-\uaadf\uaaf0-\uaaf1\uabeb\ufe10-\ufe16\ufe19\ufe30\ufe45-\ufe46\ufe49-\ufe4c\ufe50-\ufe52\ufe54-\ufe57\ufe5f-\ufe61\ufe68\ufe6a-\ufe6b\uff01-\uff03\uff05-\uff07\uff0a\uff0c\uff0e-\uff0f\uff1a-\uff1b\uff1f-\uff20\uff3c\uff61\uff64-\uff65\U00010100-\U00010102\U0001039f\U000103d0\U0001056f\U00010857\U0001091f\U0001093f\U00010a50-\U00010a58\U00010a7f\U00010af0-\U00010af6\U00010b39-\U00010b3f\U00010b99-\U00010b9c\U00010f55-\U00010f59\U00011047-\U0001104d\U000110bb-\U000110bc\U000110be-\U000110c1\U00011140-\U00011143\U00011174-\U00011175\U000111c5-\U000111c8\U000111cd\U000111db\U000111dd-\U000111df\U00011238-\U0001123d\U000112a9\U0001144b-\U0001144f\U0001145b\U0001145d\U000114c6\U000115c1-\U000115d7\U00011641-\U00011643\U00011660-\U0001166c\U0001173c-\U0001173e\U0001183b\U00011a3f-\U00011a46\U00011a9a-\U00011a9c\U00011a9e-\U00011aa2\U00011c41-\U00011c45\U00011c70-\U00011c71\U00011ef7-\U00011ef8\U00012470-\U00012474\U00016a6e-\U00016a6f\U00016af5\U00016b37-\U00016b3b\U00016b44\U00016e97-\U00016e9a\U0001bc9f\U0001da87-\U0001da8b\U0001e95e-\U0001e95f"
+
+Ps = '(\\[{\u0f3a\u0f3c\u169b\u201a\u201e\u2045\u207d\u208d\u2308\u230a\u2329\u2768\u276a\u276c\u276e\u2770\u2772\u2774\u27c5\u27e6\u27e8\u27ea\u27ec\u27ee\u2983\u2985\u2987\u2989\u298b\u298d\u298f\u2991\u2993\u2995\u2997\u29d8\u29da\u29fc\u2e22\u2e24\u2e26\u2e28\u2e42\u3008\u300a\u300c\u300e\u3010\u3014\u3016\u3018\u301a\u301d\ufd3f\ufe17\ufe35\ufe37\ufe39\ufe3b\ufe3d\ufe3f\ufe41\ufe43\ufe47\ufe59\ufe5b\ufe5d\uff08\uff3b\uff5b\uff5f\uff62'
+
+Sc = '$\xa2-\xa5\u058f\u060b\u07fe-\u07ff\u09f2-\u09f3\u09fb\u0af1\u0bf9\u0e3f\u17db\u20a0-\u20bf\ua838\ufdfc\ufe69\uff04\uffe0-\uffe1\uffe5-\uffe6\U0001ecb0'
+
+Sk = '\\^`\xa8\xaf\xb4\xb8\u02c2-\u02c5\u02d2-\u02df\u02e5-\u02eb\u02ed\u02ef-\u02ff\u0375\u0384-\u0385\u1fbd\u1fbf-\u1fc1\u1fcd-\u1fcf\u1fdd-\u1fdf\u1fed-\u1fef\u1ffd-\u1ffe\u309b-\u309c\ua700-\ua716\ua720-\ua721\ua789-\ua78a\uab5b\ufbb2-\ufbc1\uff3e\uff40\uffe3\U0001f3fb-\U0001f3ff'
+
+Sm = '+<->|~\xac\xb1\xd7\xf7\u03f6\u0606-\u0608\u2044\u2052\u207a-\u207c\u208a-\u208c\u2118\u2140-\u2144\u214b\u2190-\u2194\u219a-\u219b\u21a0\u21a3\u21a6\u21ae\u21ce-\u21cf\u21d2\u21d4\u21f4-\u22ff\u2320-\u2321\u237c\u239b-\u23b3\u23dc-\u23e1\u25b7\u25c1\u25f8-\u25ff\u266f\u27c0-\u27c4\u27c7-\u27e5\u27f0-\u27ff\u2900-\u2982\u2999-\u29d7\u29dc-\u29fb\u29fe-\u2aff\u2b30-\u2b44\u2b47-\u2b4c\ufb29\ufe62\ufe64-\ufe66\uff0b\uff1c-\uff1e\uff5c\uff5e\uffe2\uffe9-\uffec\U0001d6c1\U0001d6db\U0001d6fb\U0001d715\U0001d735\U0001d74f\U0001d76f\U0001d789\U0001d7a9\U0001d7c3\U0001eef0-\U0001eef1'
+
+So = '\xa6\xa9\xae\xb0\u0482\u058d-\u058e\u060e-\u060f\u06de\u06e9\u06fd-\u06fe\u07f6\u09fa\u0b70\u0bf3-\u0bf8\u0bfa\u0c7f\u0d4f\u0d79\u0f01-\u0f03\u0f13\u0f15-\u0f17\u0f1a-\u0f1f\u0f34\u0f36\u0f38\u0fbe-\u0fc5\u0fc7-\u0fcc\u0fce-\u0fcf\u0fd5-\u0fd8\u109e-\u109f\u1390-\u1399\u1940\u19de-\u19ff\u1b61-\u1b6a\u1b74-\u1b7c\u2100-\u2101\u2103-\u2106\u2108-\u2109\u2114\u2116-\u2117\u211e-\u2123\u2125\u2127\u2129\u212e\u213a-\u213b\u214a\u214c-\u214d\u214f\u218a-\u218b\u2195-\u2199\u219c-\u219f\u21a1-\u21a2\u21a4-\u21a5\u21a7-\u21ad\u21af-\u21cd\u21d0-\u21d1\u21d3\u21d5-\u21f3\u2300-\u2307\u230c-\u231f\u2322-\u2328\u232b-\u237b\u237d-\u239a\u23b4-\u23db\u23e2-\u2426\u2440-\u244a\u249c-\u24e9\u2500-\u25b6\u25b8-\u25c0\u25c2-\u25f7\u2600-\u266e\u2670-\u2767\u2794-\u27bf\u2800-\u28ff\u2b00-\u2b2f\u2b45-\u2b46\u2b4d-\u2b73\u2b76-\u2b95\u2b98-\u2bc8\u2bca-\u2bfe\u2ce5-\u2cea\u2e80-\u2e99\u2e9b-\u2ef3\u2f00-\u2fd5\u2ff0-\u2ffb\u3004\u3012-\u3013\u3020\u3036-\u3037\u303e-\u303f\u3190-\u3191\u3196-\u319f\u31c0-\u31e3\u3200-\u321e\u322a-\u3247\u3250\u3260-\u327f\u328a-\u32b0\u32c0-\u32fe\u3300-\u33ff\u4dc0-\u4dff\ua490-\ua4c6\ua828-\ua82b\ua836-\ua837\ua839\uaa77-\uaa79\ufdfd\uffe4\uffe8\uffed-\uffee\ufffc-\ufffd\U00010137-\U0001013f\U00010179-\U00010189\U0001018c-\U0001018e\U00010190-\U0001019b\U000101a0\U000101d0-\U000101fc\U00010877-\U00010878\U00010ac8\U0001173f\U00016b3c-\U00016b3f\U00016b45\U0001bc9c\U0001d000-\U0001d0f5\U0001d100-\U0001d126\U0001d129-\U0001d164\U0001d16a-\U0001d16c\U0001d183-\U0001d184\U0001d18c-\U0001d1a9\U0001d1ae-\U0001d1e8\U0001d200-\U0001d241\U0001d245\U0001d300-\U0001d356\U0001d800-\U0001d9ff\U0001da37-\U0001da3a\U0001da6d-\U0001da74\U0001da76-\U0001da83\U0001da85-\U0001da86\U0001ecac\U0001f000-\U0001f02b\U0001f030-\U0001f093\U0001f0a0-\U0001f0ae\U0001f0b1-\U0001f0bf\U0001f0c1-\U0001f0cf\U0001f0d1-\U0001f0f5\U0001f110-\U0001f16b\U0001f170-\U0001f1ac\U0001f1e6-\U0001f202\U0001f210-\U0001f23b\U0001f240-\U0001f248\U0001f250-\U0001f251\U0001f260-\U0001f265\U0001f300-\U0001f3fa\U0001f400-\U0001f6d4\U0001f6e0-\U0001f6ec\U0001f6f0-\U0001f6f9\U0001f700-\U0001f773\U0001f780-\U0001f7d8\U0001f800-\U0001f80b\U0001f810-\U0001f847\U0001f850-\U0001f859\U0001f860-\U0001f887\U0001f890-\U0001f8ad\U0001f900-\U0001f90b\U0001f910-\U0001f93e\U0001f940-\U0001f970\U0001f973-\U0001f976\U0001f97a\U0001f97c-\U0001f9a2\U0001f9b0-\U0001f9b9\U0001f9c0-\U0001f9c2\U0001f9d0-\U0001f9ff\U0001fa60-\U0001fa6d'
+
+Zl = '\u2028'
+
+Zp = '\u2029'
+
+Zs = ' \xa0\u1680\u2000-\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
+
+xid_continue = 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+
+xid_start = 'A-Z_a-z\xaa\xb5\xba\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xf6\xf8-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0370-\u0374\u0376-\u0377\u037b-\u037d\u037f\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03f5\u03f7-\u0481\u048a-\u052f\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0560-\u0588\u05d0-\u05ea\u05ef-\u05f2\u0620-\u064a\u066e-\u066f\u0671-\u06d3\u06d5\u06e5-\u06e6\u06ee-\u06ef\u06fa-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710\u0712-\u072f\u074d-\u07a5\u07b1\u07ca-\u07ea\u07f4-\u07f5\u07fa\u0800-\u0815\u081a\u0824\u0828\u0840-\u0858\u0860-\u086a\u08a0-\u08b4\u08b6-\u08bd\u0904-\u0939\u093d\u0950\u0958-\u0961\u0971-\u0980\u0985-\u098c\u098f-\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bd\u09ce\u09dc-\u09dd\u09df-\u09e1\u09f0-\u09f1\u09fc\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f-\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32-\u0a33\u0a35-\u0a36\u0a38-\u0a39\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a72-\u0a74\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2-\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae1\u0af9\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f-\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32-\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3d\u0b5c-\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b61\u0b71\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99-\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e-\u0b9f\u0ba3-\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bd0\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c39\u0c3d\u0c58-\u0c5a\u0c60-\u0c61\u0c80\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbd\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce1\u0cf1-\u0cf2\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d\u0d4e\u0d54-\u0d56\u0d5f-\u0d61\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0e01-\u0e30\u0e32\u0e40-\u0e46\u0e81-\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87-\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa-\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb0\u0eb2\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0ec6\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f40-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f88-\u0f8c\u1000-\u102a\u103f\u1050-\u1055\u105a-\u105d\u1061\u1065-\u1066\u106e-\u1070\u1075-\u1081\u108e\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fc-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u1380-\u138f\u13a0-\u13f5\u13f8-\u13fd\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16ee-\u16f8\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1711\u1720-\u1731\u1740-\u1751\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1780-\u17b3\u17d7\u17dc\u1820-\u1878\u1880-\u18a8\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191e\u1950-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u1a00-\u1a16\u1a20-\u1a54\u1aa7\u1b05-\u1b33\u1b45-\u1b4b\u1b83-\u1ba0\u1bae-\u1baf\u1bba-\u1be5\u1c00-\u1c23\u1c4d-\u1c4f\u1c5a-\u1c7d\u1c80-\u1c88\u1c90-\u1cba\u1cbd-\u1cbf\u1ce9-\u1cec\u1cee-\u1cf1\u1cf5-\u1cf6\u1d00-\u1dbf\u1e00-\u1f15\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f20-\u1f45\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fbc\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fcc\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fdb\u1fe0-\u1fec\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ffc\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u2102\u2107\u210a-\u2113\u2115\u2118-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u2139\u213c-\u213f\u2145-\u2149\u214e\u2160-\u2188\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c60-\u2ce4\u2ceb-\u2cee\u2cf2-\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d6f\u2d80-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u3005-\u3007\u3021-\u3029\u3031-\u3035\u3038-\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u309d-\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30fc-\u30ff\u3105-\u312f\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fef\ua000-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4fd\ua500-\ua60c\ua610-\ua61f\ua62a-\ua62b\ua640-\ua66e\ua67f-\ua69d\ua6a0-\ua6ef\ua717-\ua71f\ua722-\ua788\ua78b-\ua7b9\ua7f7-\ua801\ua803-\ua805\ua807-\ua80a\ua80c-\ua822\ua840-\ua873\ua882-\ua8b3\ua8f2-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua8fd-\ua8fe\ua90a-\ua925\ua930-\ua946\ua960-\ua97c\ua984-\ua9b2\ua9cf\ua9e0-\ua9e4\ua9e6-\ua9ef\ua9fa-\ua9fe\uaa00-\uaa28\uaa40-\uaa42\uaa44-\uaa4b\uaa60-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7e-\uaaaf\uaab1\uaab5-\uaab6\uaab9-\uaabd\uaac0\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadd\uaae0-\uaaea\uaaf2-\uaaf4\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uab30-\uab5a\uab5c-\uab65\uab70-\uabe2\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\ufb1d\ufb1f-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40-\ufb41\ufb43-\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufc5d\ufc64-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdf9\ufe71\ufe73\ufe77\ufe79\ufe7b\ufe7d\ufe7f-\ufefc\uff21-\uff3a\uff41-\uff5a\uff66-\uff9d\uffa0-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc\U00010000-\U0001000b\U0001000d-\U00010026\U00010028-\U0001003a\U0001003c-\U0001003d\U0001003f-\U0001004d\U00010050-\U0001005d\U00010080-\U000100fa\U00010140-\U00010174\U00010280-\U0001029c\U000102a0-\U000102d0\U00010300-\U0001031f\U0001032d-\U0001034a\U00010350-\U00010375\U00010380-\U0001039d\U000103a0-\U000103c3\U000103c8-\U000103cf\U000103d1-\U000103d5\U00010400-\U0001049d\U000104b0-\U000104d3\U000104d8-\U000104fb\U00010500-\U00010527\U00010530-\U00010563\U00010600-\U00010736\U00010740-\U00010755\U00010760-\U00010767\U00010800-\U00010805\U00010808\U0001080a-\U00010835\U00010837-\U00010838\U0001083c\U0001083f-\U00010855\U00010860-\U00010876\U00010880-\U0001089e\U000108e0-\U000108f2\U000108f4-\U000108f5\U00010900-\U00010915\U00010920-\U00010939\U00010980-\U000109b7\U000109be-\U000109bf\U00010a00\U00010a10-\U00010a13\U00010a15-\U00010a17\U00010a19-\U00010a35\U00010a60-\U00010a7c\U00010a80-\U00010a9c\U00010ac0-\U00010ac7\U00010ac9-\U00010ae4\U00010b00-\U00010b35\U00010b40-\U00010b55\U00010b60-\U00010b72\U00010b80-\U00010b91\U00010c00-\U00010c48\U00010c80-\U00010cb2\U00010cc0-\U00010cf2\U00010d00-\U00010d23\U00010f00-\U00010f1c\U00010f27\U00010f30-\U00010f45\U00011003-\U00011037\U00011083-\U000110af\U000110d0-\U000110e8\U00011103-\U00011126\U00011144\U00011150-\U00011172\U00011176\U00011183-\U000111b2\U000111c1-\U000111c4\U000111da\U000111dc\U00011200-\U00011211\U00011213-\U0001122b\U00011280-\U00011286\U00011288\U0001128a-\U0001128d\U0001128f-\U0001129d\U0001129f-\U000112a8\U000112b0-\U000112de\U00011305-\U0001130c\U0001130f-\U00011310\U00011313-\U00011328\U0001132a-\U00011330\U00011332-\U00011333\U00011335-\U00011339\U0001133d\U00011350\U0001135d-\U00011361\U00011400-\U00011434\U00011447-\U0001144a\U00011480-\U000114af\U000114c4-\U000114c5\U000114c7\U00011580-\U000115ae\U000115d8-\U000115db\U00011600-\U0001162f\U00011644\U00011680-\U000116aa\U00011700-\U0001171a\U00011800-\U0001182b\U000118a0-\U000118df\U000118ff\U00011a00\U00011a0b-\U00011a32\U00011a3a\U00011a50\U00011a5c-\U00011a83\U00011a86-\U00011a89\U00011a9d\U00011ac0-\U00011af8\U00011c00-\U00011c08\U00011c0a-\U00011c2e\U00011c40\U00011c72-\U00011c8f\U00011d00-\U00011d06\U00011d08-\U00011d09\U00011d0b-\U00011d30\U00011d46\U00011d60-\U00011d65\U00011d67-\U00011d68\U00011d6a-\U00011d89\U00011d98\U00011ee0-\U00011ef2\U00012000-\U00012399\U00012400-\U0001246e\U00012480-\U00012543\U00013000-\U0001342e\U00014400-\U00014646\U00016800-\U00016a38\U00016a40-\U00016a5e\U00016ad0-\U00016aed\U00016b00-\U00016b2f\U00016b40-\U00016b43\U00016b63-\U00016b77\U00016b7d-\U00016b8f\U00016e40-\U00016e7f\U00016f00-\U00016f44\U00016f50\U00016f93-\U00016f9f\U00016fe0-\U00016fe1\U00017000-\U000187f1\U00018800-\U00018af2\U0001b000-\U0001b11e\U0001b170-\U0001b2fb\U0001bc00-\U0001bc6a\U0001bc70-\U0001bc7c\U0001bc80-\U0001bc88\U0001bc90-\U0001bc99\U0001d400-\U0001d454\U0001d456-\U0001d49c\U0001d49e-\U0001d49f\U0001d4a2\U0001d4a5-\U0001d4a6\U0001d4a9-\U0001d4ac\U0001d4ae-\U0001d4b9\U0001d4bb\U0001d4bd-\U0001d4c3\U0001d4c5-\U0001d505\U0001d507-\U0001d50a\U0001d50d-\U0001d514\U0001d516-\U0001d51c\U0001d51e-\U0001d539\U0001d53b-\U0001d53e\U0001d540-\U0001d544\U0001d546\U0001d54a-\U0001d550\U0001d552-\U0001d6a5\U0001d6a8-\U0001d6c0\U0001d6c2-\U0001d6da\U0001d6dc-\U0001d6fa\U0001d6fc-\U0001d714\U0001d716-\U0001d734\U0001d736-\U0001d74e\U0001d750-\U0001d76e\U0001d770-\U0001d788\U0001d78a-\U0001d7a8\U0001d7aa-\U0001d7c2\U0001d7c4-\U0001d7cb\U0001e800-\U0001e8c4\U0001e900-\U0001e943\U0001ee00-\U0001ee03\U0001ee05-\U0001ee1f\U0001ee21-\U0001ee22\U0001ee24\U0001ee27\U0001ee29-\U0001ee32\U0001ee34-\U0001ee37\U0001ee39\U0001ee3b\U0001ee42\U0001ee47\U0001ee49\U0001ee4b\U0001ee4d-\U0001ee4f\U0001ee51-\U0001ee52\U0001ee54\U0001ee57\U0001ee59\U0001ee5b\U0001ee5d\U0001ee5f\U0001ee61-\U0001ee62\U0001ee64\U0001ee67-\U0001ee6a\U0001ee6c-\U0001ee72\U0001ee74-\U0001ee77\U0001ee79-\U0001ee7c\U0001ee7e\U0001ee80-\U0001ee89\U0001ee8b-\U0001ee9b\U0001eea1-\U0001eea3\U0001eea5-\U0001eea9\U0001eeab-\U0001eebb\U00020000-\U0002a6d6\U0002a700-\U0002b734\U0002b740-\U0002b81d\U0002b820-\U0002cea1\U0002ceb0-\U0002ebe0\U0002f800-\U0002fa1d'
+
+cats = ['Cc', 'Cf', 'Cn', 'Co', 'Cs', 'Ll', 'Lm', 'Lo', 'Lt', 'Lu', 'Mc', 'Me', 'Mn', 'Nd', 'Nl', 'No', 'Pc', 'Pd', 'Pe', 'Pf', 'Pi', 'Po', 'Ps', 'Sc', 'Sk', 'Sm', 'So', 'Zl', 'Zp', 'Zs']
+
+# Generated from unidata 11.0.0
+
+def combine(*args):
+    return ''.join(globals()[cat] for cat in args)
+
+
+def allexcept(*args):
+    newcats = cats[:]
+    for arg in args:
+        newcats.remove(arg)
+    return ''.join(globals()[cat] for cat in newcats)
+
+
+def _handle_runs(char_list):  # pragma: no cover
+    buf = []
+    for c in char_list:
+        if len(c) == 1:
+            if buf and buf[-1][1] == chr(ord(c)-1):
+                buf[-1] = (buf[-1][0], c)
+            else:
+                buf.append((c, c))
+        else:
+            buf.append((c, c))
+    for a, b in buf:
+        if a == b:
+            yield a
+        else:
+            yield '%s-%s' % (a, b)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':  # pragma: no cover
+    import unicodedata
+
+    categories = {'xid_start': [], 'xid_continue': []}
+
+    with open(__file__, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = fp.read()
+
+    header = content[:content.find('Cc =')]
+    footer = content[content.find("def combine("):]
+
+    for code in range(0x110000):
+        c = chr(code)
+        cat = unicodedata.category(c)
+        if ord(c) == 0xdc00:
+            # Hack to avoid combining this combining with the preceding high
+            # surrogate, 0xdbff, when doing a repr.
+            c = '\\' + c
+        elif ord(c) in (0x2d, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e):
+            # Escape regex metachars.
+            c = '\\' + c
+        categories.setdefault(cat, []).append(c)
+        # XID_START and XID_CONTINUE are special categories used for matching
+        # identifiers in Python 3.
+        if c.isidentifier():
+            categories['xid_start'].append(c)
+        if ('a' + c).isidentifier():
+            categories['xid_continue'].append(c)
+
+    with open(__file__, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        fp.write(header)
+
+        for cat in sorted(categories):
+            val = ''.join(_handle_runs(categories[cat]))
+            fp.write('%s = %a\n\n' % (cat, val))
+
+        cats = sorted(categories)
+        cats.remove('xid_start')
+        cats.remove('xid_continue')
+        fp.write('cats = %r\n\n' % cats)
+
+        fp.write('# Generated from unidata %s\n\n' % (unicodedata.unidata_version,))
+
+        fp.write(footer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..941fdb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pygments/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+"""
+    pygments.util
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Utility functions.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2023 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+
+import re
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+
+
+split_path_re = re.compile(r'[/\\ ]')
+doctype_lookup_re = re.compile(r'''
+    <!DOCTYPE\s+(
+     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]*
+     (?: \s+      # optional in HTML5
+     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]*\s+
+     "[^"]*")?
+     )
+     [^>]*>
+''', re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE | re.VERBOSE)
+tag_re = re.compile(r'<(.+?)(\s.*?)?>.*?</.+?>',
+                    re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+xml_decl_re = re.compile(r'\s*<\?xml[^>]*\?>', re.I)
+
+
+class ClassNotFound(ValueError):
+    """Raised if one of the lookup functions didn't find a matching class."""
+
+
+class OptionError(Exception):
+    """
+    This exception will be raised by all option processing functions if
+    the type or value of the argument is not correct.
+    """
+
+def get_choice_opt(options, optname, allowed, default=None, normcase=False):
+    """
+    If the key `optname` from the dictionary is not in the sequence
+    `allowed`, raise an error, otherwise return it.
+    """
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    if normcase:
+        string = string.lower()
+    if string not in allowed:
+        raise OptionError('Value for option %s must be one of %s' %
+                          (optname, ', '.join(map(str, allowed))))
+    return string
+
+
+def get_bool_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """
+    Intuitively, this is `options.get(optname, default)`, but restricted to
+    Boolean value. The Booleans can be represented as string, in order to accept
+    Boolean value from the command line arguments. If the key `optname` is
+    present in the dictionary `options` and is not associated with a Boolean,
+    raise an `OptionError`. If it is absent, `default` is returned instead.
+
+    The valid string values for ``True`` are ``1``, ``yes``, ``true`` and
+    ``on``, the ones for ``False`` are ``0``, ``no``, ``false`` and ``off``
+    (matched case-insensitively).
+    """
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    if isinstance(string, bool):
+        return string
+    elif isinstance(string, int):
+        return bool(string)
+    elif not isinstance(string, str):
+        raise OptionError('Invalid type %r for option %s; use '
+                          '1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off' % (
+                              string, optname))
+    elif string.lower() in ('1', 'yes', 'true', 'on'):
+        return True
+    elif string.lower() in ('0', 'no', 'false', 'off'):
+        return False
+    else:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid value %r for option %s; use '
+                          '1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off' % (
+                              string, optname))
+
+
+def get_int_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """As :func:`get_bool_opt`, but interpret the value as an integer."""
+    string = options.get(optname, default)
+    try:
+        return int(string)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid type %r for option %s; you '
+                          'must give an integer value' % (
+                              string, optname))
+    except ValueError:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid value %r for option %s; you '
+                          'must give an integer value' % (
+                              string, optname))
+
+def get_list_opt(options, optname, default=None):
+    """
+    If the key `optname` from the dictionary `options` is a string,
+    split it at whitespace and return it. If it is already a list
+    or a tuple, it is returned as a list.
+    """
+    val = options.get(optname, default)
+    if isinstance(val, str):
+        return val.split()
+    elif isinstance(val, (list, tuple)):
+        return list(val)
+    else:
+        raise OptionError('Invalid type %r for option %s; you '
+                          'must give a list value' % (
+                              val, optname))
+
+
+def docstring_headline(obj):
+    if not obj.__doc__:
+        return ''
+    res = []
+    for line in obj.__doc__.strip().splitlines():
+        if line.strip():
+            res.append(" " + line.strip())
+        else:
+            break
+    return ''.join(res).lstrip()
+
+
+def make_analysator(f):
+    """Return a static text analyser function that returns float values."""
+    def text_analyse(text):
+        try:
+            rv = f(text)
+        except Exception:
+            return 0.0
+        if not rv:
+            return 0.0
+        try:
+            return min(1.0, max(0.0, float(rv)))
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return 0.0
+    text_analyse.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+    return staticmethod(text_analyse)
+
+
+def shebang_matches(text, regex):
+    r"""Check if the given regular expression matches the last part of the
+    shebang if one exists.
+
+        >>> from pygments.util import shebang_matches
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/env python', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python2.4', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python-ruby', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        False
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/python/ruby', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        False
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!/usr/bin/startsomethingwith python',
+        ...                 r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+
+    It also checks for common windows executable file extensions::
+
+        >>> shebang_matches('#!C:\\Python2.4\\Python.exe', r'python(2\.\d)?')
+        True
+
+    Parameters (``'-f'`` or ``'--foo'`` are ignored so ``'perl'`` does
+    the same as ``'perl -e'``)
+
+    Note that this method automatically searches the whole string (eg:
+    the regular expression is wrapped in ``'^$'``)
+    """
+    index = text.find('\n')
+    if index >= 0:
+        first_line = text[:index].lower()
+    else:
+        first_line = text.lower()
+    if first_line.startswith('#!'):
+        try:
+            found = [x for x in split_path_re.split(first_line[2:].strip())
+                     if x and not x.startswith('-')][-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            return False
+        regex = re.compile(r'^%s(\.(exe|cmd|bat|bin))?$' % regex, re.IGNORECASE)
+        if regex.search(found) is not None:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def doctype_matches(text, regex):
+    """Check if the doctype matches a regular expression (if present).
+
+    Note that this method only checks the first part of a DOCTYPE.
+    eg: 'html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"'
+    """
+    m = doctype_lookup_re.search(text)
+    if m is None:
+        return False
+    doctype = m.group(1)
+    return re.compile(regex, re.I).match(doctype.strip()) is not None
+
+
+def html_doctype_matches(text):
+    """Check if the file looks like it has a html doctype."""
+    return doctype_matches(text, r'html')
+
+
+_looks_like_xml_cache = {}
+
+
+def looks_like_xml(text):
+    """Check if a doctype exists or if we have some tags."""
+    if xml_decl_re.match(text):
+        return True
+    key = hash(text)
+    try:
+        return _looks_like_xml_cache[key]
+    except KeyError:
+        m = doctype_lookup_re.search(text)
+        if m is not None:
+            return True
+        rv = tag_re.search(text[:1000]) is not None
+        _looks_like_xml_cache[key] = rv
+        return rv
+
+
+def surrogatepair(c):
+    """Given a unicode character code with length greater than 16 bits,
+    return the two 16 bit surrogate pair.
+    """
+    # From example D28 of:
+    # http://www.unicode.org/book/ch03.pdf
+    return (0xd7c0 + (c >> 10), (0xdc00 + (c & 0x3ff)))
+
+
+def format_lines(var_name, seq, raw=False, indent_level=0):
+    """Formats a sequence of strings for output."""
+    lines = []
+    base_indent = ' ' * indent_level * 4
+    inner_indent = ' ' * (indent_level + 1) * 4
+    lines.append(base_indent + var_name + ' = (')
+    if raw:
+        # These should be preformatted reprs of, say, tuples.
+        for i in seq:
+            lines.append(inner_indent + i + ',')
+    else:
+        for i in seq:
+            # Force use of single quotes
+            r = repr(i + '"')
+            lines.append(inner_indent + r[:-2] + r[-1] + ',')
+    lines.append(base_indent + ')')
+    return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+
+def duplicates_removed(it, already_seen=()):
+    """
+    Returns a list with duplicates removed from the iterable `it`.
+
+    Order is preserved.
+    """
+    lst = []
+    seen = set()
+    for i in it:
+        if i in seen or i in already_seen:
+            continue
+        lst.append(i)
+        seen.add(i)
+    return lst
+
+
+class Future:
+    """Generic class to defer some work.
+
+    Handled specially in RegexLexerMeta, to support regex string construction at
+    first use.
+    """
+    def get(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def guess_decode(text):
+    """Decode *text* with guessed encoding.
+
+    First try UTF-8; this should fail for non-UTF-8 encodings.
+    Then try the preferred locale encoding.
+    Fall back to latin-1, which always works.
+    """
+    try:
+        text = text.decode('utf-8')
+        return text, 'utf-8'
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+        try:
+            import locale
+            prefencoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
+            text = text.decode()
+            return text, prefencoding
+        except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
+            text = text.decode('latin1')
+            return text, 'latin1'
+
+
+def guess_decode_from_terminal(text, term):
+    """Decode *text* coming from terminal *term*.
+
+    First try the terminal encoding, if given.
+    Then try UTF-8.  Then try the preferred locale encoding.
+    Fall back to latin-1, which always works.
+    """
+    if getattr(term, 'encoding', None):
+        try:
+            text = text.decode(term.encoding)
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return text, term.encoding
+    return guess_decode(text)
+
+
+def terminal_encoding(term):
+    """Return our best guess of encoding for the given *term*."""
+    if getattr(term, 'encoding', None):
+        return term.encoding
+    import locale
+    return locale.getpreferredencoding()
+
+
+class UnclosingTextIOWrapper(TextIOWrapper):
+    # Don't close underlying buffer on destruction.
+    def close(self):
+        self.flush()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88bc10a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# module pyparsing.py
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2022  Paul T. McGuire
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+__doc__ = """
+pyparsing module - Classes and methods to define and execute parsing grammars
+=============================================================================
+
+The pyparsing module is an alternative approach to creating and
+executing simple grammars, vs. the traditional lex/yacc approach, or the
+use of regular expressions.  With pyparsing, you don't need to learn
+a new syntax for defining grammars or matching expressions - the parsing
+module provides a library of classes that you use to construct the
+grammar directly in Python.
+
+Here is a program to parse "Hello, World!" (or any greeting of the form
+``"<salutation>, <addressee>!"``), built up using :class:`Word`,
+:class:`Literal`, and :class:`And` elements
+(the :meth:`'+'<ParserElement.__add__>` operators create :class:`And` expressions,
+and the strings are auto-converted to :class:`Literal` expressions)::
+
+    from pip._vendor.pyparsing import Word, alphas
+
+    # define grammar of a greeting
+    greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
+
+    hello = "Hello, World!"
+    print(hello, "->", greet.parse_string(hello))
+
+The program outputs the following::
+
+    Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+
+The Python representation of the grammar is quite readable, owing to the
+self-explanatory class names, and the use of :class:`'+'<And>`,
+:class:`'|'<MatchFirst>`, :class:`'^'<Or>` and :class:`'&'<Each>` operators.
+
+The :class:`ParseResults` object returned from
+:class:`ParserElement.parse_string` can be
+accessed as a nested list, a dictionary, or an object with named
+attributes.
+
+The pyparsing module handles some of the problems that are typically
+vexing when writing text parsers:
+
+  - extra or missing whitespace (the above program will also handle
+    "Hello,World!", "Hello  ,  World  !", etc.)
+  - quoted strings
+  - embedded comments
+
+
+Getting Started -
+-----------------
+Visit the classes :class:`ParserElement` and :class:`ParseResults` to
+see the base classes that most other pyparsing
+classes inherit from. Use the docstrings for examples of how to:
+
+ - construct literal match expressions from :class:`Literal` and
+   :class:`CaselessLiteral` classes
+ - construct character word-group expressions using the :class:`Word`
+   class
+ - see how to create repetitive expressions using :class:`ZeroOrMore`
+   and :class:`OneOrMore` classes
+ - use :class:`'+'<And>`, :class:`'|'<MatchFirst>`, :class:`'^'<Or>`,
+   and :class:`'&'<Each>` operators to combine simple expressions into
+   more complex ones
+ - associate names with your parsed results using
+   :class:`ParserElement.set_results_name`
+ - access the parsed data, which is returned as a :class:`ParseResults`
+   object
+ - find some helpful expression short-cuts like :class:`DelimitedList`
+   and :class:`one_of`
+ - find more useful common expressions in the :class:`pyparsing_common`
+   namespace class
+"""
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class version_info(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+    micro: int
+    releaselevel: str
+    serial: int
+
+    @property
+    def __version__(self):
+        return (
+            f"{self.major}.{self.minor}.{self.micro}"
+            + (
+                f"{'r' if self.releaselevel[0] == 'c' else ''}{self.releaselevel[0]}{self.serial}",
+                "",
+            )[self.releaselevel == "final"]
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{__name__} {self.__version__} / {__version_time__}"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{__name__}.{type(self).__name__}({', '.join('{}={!r}'.format(*nv) for nv in zip(self._fields, self))})"
+
+
+__version_info__ = version_info(3, 1, 0, "final", 1)
+__version_time__ = "18 Jun 2023 14:05 UTC"
+__version__ = __version_info__.__version__
+__versionTime__ = __version_time__
+__author__ = "Paul McGuire <ptmcg.gm+pyparsing@gmail.com>"
+
+from .util import *
+from .exceptions import *
+from .actions import *
+from .core import __diag__, __compat__
+from .results import *
+from .core import *  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+from .core import _builtin_exprs as core_builtin_exprs
+from .helpers import *  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+from .helpers import _builtin_exprs as helper_builtin_exprs
+
+from .unicode import unicode_set, UnicodeRangeList, pyparsing_unicode as unicode
+from .testing import pyparsing_test as testing
+from .common import (
+    pyparsing_common as common,
+    _builtin_exprs as common_builtin_exprs,
+)
+
+# define backward compat synonyms
+if "pyparsing_unicode" not in globals():
+    pyparsing_unicode = unicode  # type: ignore[misc]
+if "pyparsing_common" not in globals():
+    pyparsing_common = common  # type: ignore[misc]
+if "pyparsing_test" not in globals():
+    pyparsing_test = testing  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+core_builtin_exprs += common_builtin_exprs + helper_builtin_exprs
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "__version_time__",
+    "__author__",
+    "__compat__",
+    "__diag__",
+    "And",
+    "AtLineStart",
+    "AtStringStart",
+    "CaselessKeyword",
+    "CaselessLiteral",
+    "CharsNotIn",
+    "CloseMatch",
+    "Combine",
+    "DelimitedList",
+    "Dict",
+    "Each",
+    "Empty",
+    "FollowedBy",
+    "Forward",
+    "GoToColumn",
+    "Group",
+    "IndentedBlock",
+    "Keyword",
+    "LineEnd",
+    "LineStart",
+    "Literal",
+    "Located",
+    "PrecededBy",
+    "MatchFirst",
+    "NoMatch",
+    "NotAny",
+    "OneOrMore",
+    "OnlyOnce",
+    "OpAssoc",
+    "Opt",
+    "Optional",
+    "Or",
+    "ParseBaseException",
+    "ParseElementEnhance",
+    "ParseException",
+    "ParseExpression",
+    "ParseFatalException",
+    "ParseResults",
+    "ParseSyntaxException",
+    "ParserElement",
+    "PositionToken",
+    "QuotedString",
+    "RecursiveGrammarException",
+    "Regex",
+    "SkipTo",
+    "StringEnd",
+    "StringStart",
+    "Suppress",
+    "Token",
+    "TokenConverter",
+    "White",
+    "Word",
+    "WordEnd",
+    "WordStart",
+    "ZeroOrMore",
+    "Char",
+    "alphanums",
+    "alphas",
+    "alphas8bit",
+    "any_close_tag",
+    "any_open_tag",
+    "autoname_elements",
+    "c_style_comment",
+    "col",
+    "common_html_entity",
+    "condition_as_parse_action",
+    "counted_array",
+    "cpp_style_comment",
+    "dbl_quoted_string",
+    "dbl_slash_comment",
+    "delimited_list",
+    "dict_of",
+    "empty",
+    "hexnums",
+    "html_comment",
+    "identchars",
+    "identbodychars",
+    "infix_notation",
+    "java_style_comment",
+    "line",
+    "line_end",
+    "line_start",
+    "lineno",
+    "make_html_tags",
+    "make_xml_tags",
+    "match_only_at_col",
+    "match_previous_expr",
+    "match_previous_literal",
+    "nested_expr",
+    "null_debug_action",
+    "nums",
+    "one_of",
+    "original_text_for",
+    "printables",
+    "punc8bit",
+    "pyparsing_common",
+    "pyparsing_test",
+    "pyparsing_unicode",
+    "python_style_comment",
+    "quoted_string",
+    "remove_quotes",
+    "replace_with",
+    "replace_html_entity",
+    "rest_of_line",
+    "sgl_quoted_string",
+    "srange",
+    "string_end",
+    "string_start",
+    "token_map",
+    "trace_parse_action",
+    "ungroup",
+    "unicode_set",
+    "unicode_string",
+    "with_attribute",
+    "with_class",
+    # pre-PEP8 compatibility names
+    "__versionTime__",
+    "anyCloseTag",
+    "anyOpenTag",
+    "cStyleComment",
+    "commonHTMLEntity",
+    "conditionAsParseAction",
+    "countedArray",
+    "cppStyleComment",
+    "dblQuotedString",
+    "dblSlashComment",
+    "delimitedList",
+    "dictOf",
+    "htmlComment",
+    "indentedBlock",
+    "infixNotation",
+    "javaStyleComment",
+    "lineEnd",
+    "lineStart",
+    "locatedExpr",
+    "makeHTMLTags",
+    "makeXMLTags",
+    "matchOnlyAtCol",
+    "matchPreviousExpr",
+    "matchPreviousLiteral",
+    "nestedExpr",
+    "nullDebugAction",
+    "oneOf",
+    "opAssoc",
+    "originalTextFor",
+    "pythonStyleComment",
+    "quotedString",
+    "removeQuotes",
+    "replaceHTMLEntity",
+    "replaceWith",
+    "restOfLine",
+    "sglQuotedString",
+    "stringEnd",
+    "stringStart",
+    "tokenMap",
+    "traceParseAction",
+    "unicodeString",
+    "withAttribute",
+    "withClass",
+]
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca6e4c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/actions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# actions.py
+
+from .exceptions import ParseException
+from .util import col, replaced_by_pep8
+
+
+class OnlyOnce:
+    """
+    Wrapper for parse actions, to ensure they are only called once.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, method_call):
+        from .core import _trim_arity
+
+        self.callable = _trim_arity(method_call)
+        self.called = False
+
+    def __call__(self, s, l, t):
+        if not self.called:
+            results = self.callable(s, l, t)
+            self.called = True
+            return results
+        raise ParseException(s, l, "OnlyOnce obj called multiple times w/out reset")
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """
+        Allow the associated parse action to be called once more.
+        """
+
+        self.called = False
+
+
+def match_only_at_col(n):
+    """
+    Helper method for defining parse actions that require matching at
+    a specific column in the input text.
+    """
+
+    def verify_col(strg, locn, toks):
+        if col(locn, strg) != n:
+            raise ParseException(strg, locn, f"matched token not at column {n}")
+
+    return verify_col
+
+
+def replace_with(repl_str):
+    """
+    Helper method for common parse actions that simply return
+    a literal value.  Especially useful when used with
+    :class:`transform_string<ParserElement.transform_string>` ().
+
+    Example::
+
+        num = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+        na = one_of("N/A NA").set_parse_action(replace_with(math.nan))
+        term = na | num
+
+        term[1, ...].parse_string("324 234 N/A 234") # -> [324, 234, nan, 234]
+    """
+    return lambda s, l, t: [repl_str]
+
+
+def remove_quotes(s, l, t):
+    """
+    Helper parse action for removing quotation marks from parsed
+    quoted strings.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # by default, quotation marks are included in parsed results
+        quoted_string.parse_string("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'"]
+
+        # use remove_quotes to strip quotation marks from parsed results
+        quoted_string.set_parse_action(remove_quotes)
+        quoted_string.parse_string("'Now is the Winter of our Discontent'") # -> ["Now is the Winter of our Discontent"]
+    """
+    return t[0][1:-1]
+
+
+def with_attribute(*args, **attr_dict):
+    """
+    Helper to create a validating parse action to be used with start
+    tags created with :class:`make_xml_tags` or
+    :class:`make_html_tags`. Use ``with_attribute`` to qualify
+    a starting tag with a required attribute value, to avoid false
+    matches on common tags such as ``<TD>`` or ``<DIV>``.
+
+    Call ``with_attribute`` with a series of attribute names and
+    values. Specify the list of filter attributes names and values as:
+
+    - keyword arguments, as in ``(align="right")``, or
+    - as an explicit dict with ``**`` operator, when an attribute
+      name is also a Python reserved word, as in ``**{"class":"Customer", "align":"right"}``
+    - a list of name-value tuples, as in ``(("ns1:class", "Customer"), ("ns2:align", "right"))``
+
+    For attribute names with a namespace prefix, you must use the second
+    form.  Attribute names are matched insensitive to upper/lower case.
+
+    If just testing for ``class`` (with or without a namespace), use
+    :class:`with_class`.
+
+    To verify that the attribute exists, but without specifying a value,
+    pass ``with_attribute.ANY_VALUE`` as the value.
+
+    Example::
+
+        html = '''
+            <div>
+            Some text
+            <div type="grid">1 4 0 1 0</div>
+            <div type="graph">1,3 2,3 1,1</div>
+            <div>this has no type</div>
+            </div>
+
+        '''
+        div,div_end = make_html_tags("div")
+
+        # only match div tag having a type attribute with value "grid"
+        div_grid = div().set_parse_action(with_attribute(type="grid"))
+        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for grid_header in grid_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(grid_header.body)
+
+        # construct a match with any div tag having a type attribute, regardless of the value
+        div_any_type = div().set_parse_action(with_attribute(type=with_attribute.ANY_VALUE))
+        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for div_header in div_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(div_header.body)
+
+    prints::
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+        1,3 2,3 1,1
+    """
+    if args:
+        attrs = args[:]
+    else:
+        attrs = attr_dict.items()
+    attrs = [(k, v) for k, v in attrs]
+
+    def pa(s, l, tokens):
+        for attrName, attrValue in attrs:
+            if attrName not in tokens:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, "no matching attribute " + attrName)
+            if attrValue != with_attribute.ANY_VALUE and tokens[attrName] != attrValue:
+                raise ParseException(
+                    s,
+                    l,
+                    f"attribute {attrName!r} has value {tokens[attrName]!r}, must be {attrValue!r}",
+                )
+
+    return pa
+
+
+with_attribute.ANY_VALUE = object()  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+
+
+def with_class(classname, namespace=""):
+    """
+    Simplified version of :class:`with_attribute` when
+    matching on a div class - made difficult because ``class`` is
+    a reserved word in Python.
+
+    Example::
+
+        html = '''
+            <div>
+            Some text
+            <div class="grid">1 4 0 1 0</div>
+            <div class="graph">1,3 2,3 1,1</div>
+            <div>this &lt;div&gt; has no class</div>
+            </div>
+
+        '''
+        div,div_end = make_html_tags("div")
+        div_grid = div().set_parse_action(with_class("grid"))
+
+        grid_expr = div_grid + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for grid_header in grid_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(grid_header.body)
+
+        div_any_type = div().set_parse_action(with_class(withAttribute.ANY_VALUE))
+        div_expr = div_any_type + SkipTo(div | div_end)("body")
+        for div_header in div_expr.search_string(html):
+            print(div_header.body)
+
+    prints::
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+
+        1 4 0 1 0
+        1,3 2,3 1,1
+    """
+    classattr = f"{namespace}:class" if namespace else "class"
+    return with_attribute(**{classattr: classname})
+
+
+# pre-PEP8 compatibility symbols
+# fmt: off
+@replaced_by_pep8(replace_with)
+def replaceWith(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(remove_quotes)
+def removeQuotes(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(with_attribute)
+def withAttribute(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(with_class)
+def withClass(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(match_only_at_col)
+def matchOnlyAtCol(): ...
+
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/common.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a666b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+# common.py
+from .core import *
+from .helpers import DelimitedList, any_open_tag, any_close_tag
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+# some other useful expressions - using lower-case class name since we are really using this as a namespace
+class pyparsing_common:
+    """Here are some common low-level expressions that may be useful in
+    jump-starting parser development:
+
+    - numeric forms (:class:`integers<integer>`, :class:`reals<real>`,
+      :class:`scientific notation<sci_real>`)
+    - common :class:`programming identifiers<identifier>`
+    - network addresses (:class:`MAC<mac_address>`,
+      :class:`IPv4<ipv4_address>`, :class:`IPv6<ipv6_address>`)
+    - ISO8601 :class:`dates<iso8601_date>` and
+      :class:`datetime<iso8601_datetime>`
+    - :class:`UUID<uuid>`
+    - :class:`comma-separated list<comma_separated_list>`
+    - :class:`url`
+
+    Parse actions:
+
+    - :class:`convert_to_integer`
+    - :class:`convert_to_float`
+    - :class:`convert_to_date`
+    - :class:`convert_to_datetime`
+    - :class:`strip_html_tags`
+    - :class:`upcase_tokens`
+    - :class:`downcase_tokens`
+
+    Example::
+
+        pyparsing_common.number.run_tests('''
+            # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
+            100
+            -100
+            +100
+            3.14159
+            6.02e23
+            1e-12
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.fnumber.run_tests('''
+            # any int or real number, returned as float
+            100
+            -100
+            +100
+            3.14159
+            6.02e23
+            1e-12
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.hex_integer.run_tests('''
+            # hex numbers
+            100
+            FF
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.fraction.run_tests('''
+            # fractions
+            1/2
+            -3/4
+            ''')
+
+        pyparsing_common.mixed_integer.run_tests('''
+            # mixed fractions
+            1
+            1/2
+            -3/4
+            1-3/4
+            ''')
+
+        import uuid
+        pyparsing_common.uuid.set_parse_action(token_map(uuid.UUID))
+        pyparsing_common.uuid.run_tests('''
+            # uuid
+            12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+            ''')
+
+    prints::
+
+        # any int or real number, returned as the appropriate type
+        100
+        [100]
+
+        -100
+        [-100]
+
+        +100
+        [100]
+
+        3.14159
+        [3.14159]
+
+        6.02e23
+        [6.02e+23]
+
+        1e-12
+        [1e-12]
+
+        # any int or real number, returned as float
+        100
+        [100.0]
+
+        -100
+        [-100.0]
+
+        +100
+        [100.0]
+
+        3.14159
+        [3.14159]
+
+        6.02e23
+        [6.02e+23]
+
+        1e-12
+        [1e-12]
+
+        # hex numbers
+        100
+        [256]
+
+        FF
+        [255]
+
+        # fractions
+        1/2
+        [0.5]
+
+        -3/4
+        [-0.75]
+
+        # mixed fractions
+        1
+        [1]
+
+        1/2
+        [0.5]
+
+        -3/4
+        [-0.75]
+
+        1-3/4
+        [1.75]
+
+        # uuid
+        12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678
+        [UUID('12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')]
+    """
+
+    convert_to_integer = token_map(int)
+    """
+    Parse action for converting parsed integers to Python int
+    """
+
+    convert_to_float = token_map(float)
+    """
+    Parse action for converting parsed numbers to Python float
+    """
+
+    integer = Word(nums).set_name("integer").set_parse_action(convert_to_integer)
+    """expression that parses an unsigned integer, returns an int"""
+
+    hex_integer = (
+        Word(hexnums).set_name("hex integer").set_parse_action(token_map(int, 16))
+    )
+    """expression that parses a hexadecimal integer, returns an int"""
+
+    signed_integer = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?\d+")
+        .set_name("signed integer")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_integer)
+    )
+    """expression that parses an integer with optional leading sign, returns an int"""
+
+    fraction = (
+        signed_integer().set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+        + "/"
+        + signed_integer().set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    ).set_name("fraction")
+    """fractional expression of an integer divided by an integer, returns a float"""
+    fraction.add_parse_action(lambda tt: tt[0] / tt[-1])
+
+    mixed_integer = (
+        fraction | signed_integer + Opt(Opt("-").suppress() + fraction)
+    ).set_name("fraction or mixed integer-fraction")
+    """mixed integer of the form 'integer - fraction', with optional leading integer, returns float"""
+    mixed_integer.add_parse_action(sum)
+
+    real = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?(?:\d+\.\d*|\.\d+)")
+        .set_name("real number")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    )
+    """expression that parses a floating point number and returns a float"""
+
+    sci_real = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?(?:\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)|(?:\d+\.\d*|\.\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?)")
+        .set_name("real number with scientific notation")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    )
+    """expression that parses a floating point number with optional
+    scientific notation and returns a float"""
+
+    # streamlining this expression makes the docs nicer-looking
+    number = (sci_real | real | signed_integer).setName("number").streamline()
+    """any numeric expression, returns the corresponding Python type"""
+
+    fnumber = (
+        Regex(r"[+-]?\d+\.?\d*([eE][+-]?\d+)?")
+        .set_name("fnumber")
+        .set_parse_action(convert_to_float)
+    )
+    """any int or real number, returned as float"""
+
+    identifier = Word(identchars, identbodychars).set_name("identifier")
+    """typical code identifier (leading alpha or '_', followed by 0 or more alphas, nums, or '_')"""
+
+    ipv4_address = Regex(
+        r"(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1?[0-9]{1,2})){3}"
+    ).set_name("IPv4 address")
+    "IPv4 address (``0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255``)"
+
+    _ipv6_part = Regex(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}").set_name("hex_integer")
+    _full_ipv6_address = (_ipv6_part + (":" + _ipv6_part) * 7).set_name(
+        "full IPv6 address"
+    )
+    _short_ipv6_address = (
+        Opt(_ipv6_part + (":" + _ipv6_part) * (0, 6))
+        + "::"
+        + Opt(_ipv6_part + (":" + _ipv6_part) * (0, 6))
+    ).set_name("short IPv6 address")
+    _short_ipv6_address.add_condition(
+        lambda t: sum(1 for tt in t if pyparsing_common._ipv6_part.matches(tt)) < 8
+    )
+    _mixed_ipv6_address = ("::ffff:" + ipv4_address).set_name("mixed IPv6 address")
+    ipv6_address = Combine(
+        (_full_ipv6_address | _mixed_ipv6_address | _short_ipv6_address).set_name(
+            "IPv6 address"
+        )
+    ).set_name("IPv6 address")
+    "IPv6 address (long, short, or mixed form)"
+
+    mac_address = Regex(
+        r"[0-9a-fA-F]{2}([:.-])[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?:\1[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){4}"
+    ).set_name("MAC address")
+    "MAC address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx (may also have '-' or '.' delimiters)"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_to_date(fmt: str = "%Y-%m-%d"):
+        """
+        Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed date string to Python datetime.date
+
+        Params -
+        - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default= ``"%Y-%m-%d"``)
+
+        Example::
+
+            date_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_date.copy()
+            date_expr.set_parse_action(pyparsing_common.convert_to_date())
+            print(date_expr.parse_string("1999-12-31"))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)]
+        """
+
+        def cvt_fn(ss, ll, tt):
+            try:
+                return datetime.strptime(tt[0], fmt).date()
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise ParseException(ss, ll, str(ve))
+
+        return cvt_fn
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_to_datetime(fmt: str = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"):
+        """Helper to create a parse action for converting parsed
+        datetime string to Python datetime.datetime
+
+        Params -
+        - fmt - format to be passed to datetime.strptime (default= ``"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f"``)
+
+        Example::
+
+            dt_expr = pyparsing_common.iso8601_datetime.copy()
+            dt_expr.set_parse_action(pyparsing_common.convert_to_datetime())
+            print(dt_expr.parse_string("1999-12-31T23:59:59.999"))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999000)]
+        """
+
+        def cvt_fn(s, l, t):
+            try:
+                return datetime.strptime(t[0], fmt)
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, str(ve))
+
+        return cvt_fn
+
+    iso8601_date = Regex(
+        r"(?P<year>\d{4})(?:-(?P<month>\d\d)(?:-(?P<day>\d\d))?)?"
+    ).set_name("ISO8601 date")
+    "ISO8601 date (``yyyy-mm-dd``)"
+
+    iso8601_datetime = Regex(
+        r"(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d\d)-(?P<day>\d\d)[T ](?P<hour>\d\d):(?P<minute>\d\d)(:(?P<second>\d\d(\.\d*)?)?)?(?P<tz>Z|[+-]\d\d:?\d\d)?"
+    ).set_name("ISO8601 datetime")
+    "ISO8601 datetime (``yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.s(Z|+-00:00)``) - trailing seconds, milliseconds, and timezone optional; accepts separating ``'T'`` or ``' '``"
+
+    uuid = Regex(r"[0-9a-fA-F]{8}(-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}){3}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}").set_name("UUID")
+    "UUID (``xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx``)"
+
+    _html_stripper = any_open_tag.suppress() | any_close_tag.suppress()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def strip_html_tags(s: str, l: int, tokens: ParseResults):
+        """Parse action to remove HTML tags from web page HTML source
+
+        Example::
+
+            # strip HTML links from normal text
+            text = '<td>More info at the <a href="https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing/wiki">pyparsing</a> wiki page</td>'
+            td, td_end = make_html_tags("TD")
+            table_text = td + SkipTo(td_end).set_parse_action(pyparsing_common.strip_html_tags)("body") + td_end
+            print(table_text.parse_string(text).body)
+
+        Prints::
+
+            More info at the pyparsing wiki page
+        """
+        return pyparsing_common._html_stripper.transform_string(tokens[0])
+
+    _commasepitem = (
+        Combine(
+            OneOrMore(
+                ~Literal(",")
+                + ~LineEnd()
+                + Word(printables, exclude_chars=",")
+                + Opt(White(" \t") + ~FollowedBy(LineEnd() | ","))
+            )
+        )
+        .streamline()
+        .set_name("commaItem")
+    )
+    comma_separated_list = DelimitedList(
+        Opt(quoted_string.copy() | _commasepitem, default="")
+    ).set_name("comma separated list")
+    """Predefined expression of 1 or more printable words or quoted strings, separated by commas."""
+
+    upcase_tokens = staticmethod(token_map(lambda t: t.upper()))
+    """Parse action to convert tokens to upper case."""
+
+    downcase_tokens = staticmethod(token_map(lambda t: t.lower()))
+    """Parse action to convert tokens to lower case."""
+
+    # fmt: off
+    url = Regex(
+        # https://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex
+        # https://gist.github.com/dperini/729294
+        r"(?P<url>" +
+        # protocol identifier (optional)
+        # short syntax // still required
+        r"(?:(?:(?P<scheme>https?|ftp):)?\/\/)" +
+        # user:pass BasicAuth (optional)
+        r"(?:(?P<auth>\S+(?::\S*)?)@)?" +
+        r"(?P<host>" +
+        # IP address exclusion
+        # private & local networks
+        r"(?!(?:10|127)(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})" +
+        r"(?!(?:169\.254|192\.168)(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})" +
+        r"(?!172\.(?:1[6-9]|2\d|3[0-1])(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})" +
+        # IP address dotted notation octets
+        # excludes loopback network 0.0.0.0
+        # excludes reserved space >= 224.0.0.0
+        # excludes network & broadcast addresses
+        # (first & last IP address of each class)
+        r"(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])" +
+        r"(?:\.(?:1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}" +
+        r"(?:\.(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))" +
+        r"|" +
+        # host & domain names, may end with dot
+        # can be replaced by a shortest alternative
+        # (?![-_])(?:[-\w\u00a1-\uffff]{0,63}[^-_]\.)+
+        r"(?:" +
+        r"(?:" +
+        r"[a-z0-9\u00a1-\uffff]" +
+        r"[a-z0-9\u00a1-\uffff_-]{0,62}" +
+        r")?" +
+        r"[a-z0-9\u00a1-\uffff]\." +
+        r")+" +
+        # TLD identifier name, may end with dot
+        r"(?:[a-z\u00a1-\uffff]{2,}\.?)" +
+        r")" +
+        # port number (optional)
+        r"(:(?P<port>\d{2,5}))?" +
+        # resource path (optional)
+        r"(?P<path>\/[^?# ]*)?" +
+        # query string (optional)
+        r"(\?(?P<query>[^#]*))?" +
+        # fragment (optional)
+        r"(#(?P<fragment>\S*))?" +
+        r")"
+    ).set_name("url")
+    """URL (http/https/ftp scheme)"""
+    # fmt: on
+
+    # pre-PEP8 compatibility names
+    convertToInteger = convert_to_integer
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_integer`"""
+    convertToFloat = convert_to_float
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_float`"""
+    convertToDate = convert_to_date
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_date`"""
+    convertToDatetime = convert_to_datetime
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`convert_to_datetime`"""
+    stripHTMLTags = strip_html_tags
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`strip_html_tags`"""
+    upcaseTokens = upcase_tokens
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`upcase_tokens`"""
+    downcaseTokens = downcase_tokens
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`downcase_tokens`"""
+
+
+_builtin_exprs = [
+    v for v in vars(pyparsing_common).values() if isinstance(v, ParserElement)
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/core.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/core.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5a856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/core.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6115 @@
+#
+# core.py
+#
+
+from collections import deque
+import os
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from enum import Enum
+import string
+import copy
+import warnings
+import re
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+import traceback
+import types
+from operator import itemgetter
+from functools import wraps
+from threading import RLock
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from .util import (
+    _FifoCache,
+    _UnboundedCache,
+    __config_flags,
+    _collapse_string_to_ranges,
+    _escape_regex_range_chars,
+    _bslash,
+    _flatten,
+    LRUMemo as _LRUMemo,
+    UnboundedMemo as _UnboundedMemo,
+    replaced_by_pep8,
+)
+from .exceptions import *
+from .actions import *
+from .results import ParseResults, _ParseResultsWithOffset
+from .unicode import pyparsing_unicode
+
+_MAX_INT = sys.maxsize
+str_type: Tuple[type, ...] = (str, bytes)
+
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2022  Paul T. McGuire
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from functools import cached_property
+else:
+
+    class cached_property:
+        def __init__(self, func):
+            self._func = func
+
+        def __get__(self, instance, owner=None):
+            ret = instance.__dict__[self._func.__name__] = self._func(instance)
+            return ret
+
+
+class __compat__(__config_flags):
+    """
+    A cross-version compatibility configuration for pyparsing features that will be
+    released in a future version. By setting values in this configuration to True,
+    those features can be enabled in prior versions for compatibility development
+    and testing.
+
+    - ``collect_all_And_tokens`` - flag to enable fix for Issue #63 that fixes erroneous grouping
+      of results names when an :class:`And` expression is nested within an :class:`Or` or :class:`MatchFirst`;
+      maintained for compatibility, but setting to ``False`` no longer restores pre-2.3.1
+      behavior
+    """
+
+    _type_desc = "compatibility"
+
+    collect_all_And_tokens = True
+
+    _all_names = [__ for __ in locals() if not __.startswith("_")]
+    _fixed_names = """
+        collect_all_And_tokens
+        """.split()
+
+
+class __diag__(__config_flags):
+    _type_desc = "diagnostic"
+
+    warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation = False
+    warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection = False
+    warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward = False
+    warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward = False
+    warn_on_assignment_to_Forward = False
+    warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof = False
+    warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator = False
+    enable_debug_on_named_expressions = False
+
+    _all_names = [__ for __ in locals() if not __.startswith("_")]
+    _warning_names = [name for name in _all_names if name.startswith("warn")]
+    _debug_names = [name for name in _all_names if name.startswith("enable_debug")]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def enable_all_warnings(cls) -> None:
+        for name in cls._warning_names:
+            cls.enable(name)
+
+
+class Diagnostics(Enum):
+    """
+    Diagnostic configuration (all default to disabled)
+
+    - ``warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation`` - flag to enable warnings when a results
+      name is defined on a :class:`MatchFirst` or :class:`Or` expression with one or more :class:`And` subexpressions
+    - ``warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection`` - flag to enable warnings when a results
+      name is defined on a containing expression with ungrouped subexpressions that also
+      have results names
+    - ``warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward`` - flag to enable warnings when a :class:`Forward` is defined
+      with a results name, but has no contents defined
+    - ``warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward`` - flag to enable warnings when a :class:`Forward` is
+      defined in a grammar but has never had an expression attached to it
+    - ``warn_on_assignment_to_Forward`` - flag to enable warnings when a :class:`Forward` is defined
+      but is overwritten by assigning using ``'='`` instead of ``'<<='`` or ``'<<'``
+    - ``warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof`` - flag to enable warnings when :class:`one_of` is
+      incorrectly called with multiple str arguments
+    - ``enable_debug_on_named_expressions`` - flag to auto-enable debug on all subsequent
+      calls to :class:`ParserElement.set_name`
+
+    Diagnostics are enabled/disabled by calling :class:`enable_diag` and :class:`disable_diag`.
+    All warnings can be enabled by calling :class:`enable_all_warnings`.
+    """
+
+    warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation = 0
+    warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection = 1
+    warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward = 2
+    warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward = 3
+    warn_on_assignment_to_Forward = 4
+    warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof = 5
+    warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator = 6
+    enable_debug_on_named_expressions = 7
+
+
+def enable_diag(diag_enum: Diagnostics) -> None:
+    """
+    Enable a global pyparsing diagnostic flag (see :class:`Diagnostics`).
+    """
+    __diag__.enable(diag_enum.name)
+
+
+def disable_diag(diag_enum: Diagnostics) -> None:
+    """
+    Disable a global pyparsing diagnostic flag (see :class:`Diagnostics`).
+    """
+    __diag__.disable(diag_enum.name)
+
+
+def enable_all_warnings() -> None:
+    """
+    Enable all global pyparsing diagnostic warnings (see :class:`Diagnostics`).
+    """
+    __diag__.enable_all_warnings()
+
+
+# hide abstract class
+del __config_flags
+
+
+def _should_enable_warnings(
+    cmd_line_warn_options: typing.Iterable[str], warn_env_var: typing.Optional[str]
+) -> bool:
+    enable = bool(warn_env_var)
+    for warn_opt in cmd_line_warn_options:
+        w_action, w_message, w_category, w_module, w_line = (warn_opt + "::::").split(
+            ":"
+        )[:5]
+        if not w_action.lower().startswith("i") and (
+            not (w_message or w_category or w_module) or w_module == "pyparsing"
+        ):
+            enable = True
+        elif w_action.lower().startswith("i") and w_module in ("pyparsing", ""):
+            enable = False
+    return enable
+
+
+if _should_enable_warnings(
+    sys.warnoptions, os.environ.get("PYPARSINGENABLEALLWARNINGS")
+):
+    enable_all_warnings()
+
+
+# build list of single arg builtins, that can be used as parse actions
+_single_arg_builtins = {
+    sum,
+    len,
+    sorted,
+    reversed,
+    list,
+    tuple,
+    set,
+    any,
+    all,
+    min,
+    max,
+}
+
+_generatorType = types.GeneratorType
+ParseImplReturnType = Tuple[int, Any]
+PostParseReturnType = Union[ParseResults, Sequence[ParseResults]]
+ParseAction = Union[
+    Callable[[], Any],
+    Callable[[ParseResults], Any],
+    Callable[[int, ParseResults], Any],
+    Callable[[str, int, ParseResults], Any],
+]
+ParseCondition = Union[
+    Callable[[], bool],
+    Callable[[ParseResults], bool],
+    Callable[[int, ParseResults], bool],
+    Callable[[str, int, ParseResults], bool],
+]
+ParseFailAction = Callable[[str, int, "ParserElement", Exception], None]
+DebugStartAction = Callable[[str, int, "ParserElement", bool], None]
+DebugSuccessAction = Callable[
+    [str, int, int, "ParserElement", ParseResults, bool], None
+]
+DebugExceptionAction = Callable[[str, int, "ParserElement", Exception, bool], None]
+
+
+alphas = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase
+identchars = pyparsing_unicode.Latin1.identchars
+identbodychars = pyparsing_unicode.Latin1.identbodychars
+nums = "0123456789"
+hexnums = nums + "ABCDEFabcdef"
+alphanums = alphas + nums
+printables = "".join([c for c in string.printable if c not in string.whitespace])
+
+_trim_arity_call_line: traceback.StackSummary = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+def _trim_arity(func, max_limit=3):
+    """decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target"""
+    global _trim_arity_call_line
+
+    if func in _single_arg_builtins:
+        return lambda s, l, t: func(t)
+
+    limit = 0
+    found_arity = False
+
+    # synthesize what would be returned by traceback.extract_stack at the call to
+    # user's parse action 'func', so that we don't incur call penalty at parse time
+
+    # fmt: off
+    LINE_DIFF = 7
+    # IF ANY CODE CHANGES, EVEN JUST COMMENTS OR BLANK LINES, BETWEEN THE NEXT LINE AND
+    # THE CALL TO FUNC INSIDE WRAPPER, LINE_DIFF MUST BE MODIFIED!!!!
+    _trim_arity_call_line = (_trim_arity_call_line or traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[-1])
+    pa_call_line_synth = (_trim_arity_call_line[0], _trim_arity_call_line[1] + LINE_DIFF)
+
+    def wrapper(*args):
+        nonlocal found_arity, limit
+        while 1:
+            try:
+                ret = func(*args[limit:])
+                found_arity = True
+                return ret
+            except TypeError as te:
+                # re-raise TypeErrors if they did not come from our arity testing
+                if found_arity:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    tb = te.__traceback__
+                    frames = traceback.extract_tb(tb, limit=2)
+                    frame_summary = frames[-1]
+                    trim_arity_type_error = (
+                        [frame_summary[:2]][-1][:2] == pa_call_line_synth
+                    )
+                    del tb
+
+                    if trim_arity_type_error:
+                        if limit < max_limit:
+                            limit += 1
+                            continue
+
+                    raise
+    # fmt: on
+
+    # copy func name to wrapper for sensible debug output
+    # (can't use functools.wraps, since that messes with function signature)
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", getattr(func, "__class__").__name__)
+    wrapper.__name__ = func_name
+    wrapper.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def condition_as_parse_action(
+    fn: ParseCondition, message: typing.Optional[str] = None, fatal: bool = False
+) -> ParseAction:
+    """
+    Function to convert a simple predicate function that returns ``True`` or ``False``
+    into a parse action. Can be used in places when a parse action is required
+    and :class:`ParserElement.add_condition` cannot be used (such as when adding a condition
+    to an operator level in :class:`infix_notation`).
+
+    Optional keyword arguments:
+
+    - ``message`` - define a custom message to be used in the raised exception
+    - ``fatal`` - if True, will raise :class:`ParseFatalException` to stop parsing immediately;
+      otherwise will raise :class:`ParseException`
+
+    """
+    msg = message if message is not None else "failed user-defined condition"
+    exc_type = ParseFatalException if fatal else ParseException
+    fn = _trim_arity(fn)
+
+    @wraps(fn)
+    def pa(s, l, t):
+        if not bool(fn(s, l, t)):
+            raise exc_type(s, l, msg)
+
+    return pa
+
+
+def _default_start_debug_action(
+    instring: str, loc: int, expr: "ParserElement", cache_hit: bool = False
+):
+    cache_hit_str = "*" if cache_hit else ""
+    print(
+        (
+            f"{cache_hit_str}Match {expr} at loc {loc}({lineno(loc, instring)},{col(loc, instring)})\n"
+            f"  {line(loc, instring)}\n"
+            f"  {' ' * (col(loc, instring) - 1)}^"
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _default_success_debug_action(
+    instring: str,
+    startloc: int,
+    endloc: int,
+    expr: "ParserElement",
+    toks: ParseResults,
+    cache_hit: bool = False,
+):
+    cache_hit_str = "*" if cache_hit else ""
+    print(f"{cache_hit_str}Matched {expr} -> {toks.as_list()}")
+
+
+def _default_exception_debug_action(
+    instring: str,
+    loc: int,
+    expr: "ParserElement",
+    exc: Exception,
+    cache_hit: bool = False,
+):
+    cache_hit_str = "*" if cache_hit else ""
+    print(f"{cache_hit_str}Match {expr} failed, {type(exc).__name__} raised: {exc}")
+
+
+def null_debug_action(*args):
+    """'Do-nothing' debug action, to suppress debugging output during parsing."""
+
+
+class ParserElement(ABC):
+    """Abstract base level parser element class."""
+
+    DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS: str = " \n\t\r"
+    verbose_stacktrace: bool = False
+    _literalStringClass: type = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def set_default_whitespace_chars(chars: str) -> None:
+        r"""
+        Overrides the default whitespace chars
+
+        Example::
+
+            # default whitespace chars are space, <TAB> and newline
+            Word(alphas)[1, ...].parse_string("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'jkl']
+
+            # change to just treat newline as significant
+            ParserElement.set_default_whitespace_chars(" \t")
+            Word(alphas)[1, ...].parse_string("abc def\nghi jkl")  # -> ['abc', 'def']
+        """
+        ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = chars
+
+        # update whitespace all parse expressions defined in this module
+        for expr in _builtin_exprs:
+            if expr.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
+                expr.whiteChars = set(chars)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inline_literals_using(cls: type) -> None:
+        """
+        Set class to be used for inclusion of string literals into a parser.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # default literal class used is Literal
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+
+
+            # change to Suppress
+            ParserElement.inline_literals_using(Suppress)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")  # -> ['1999', '12', '31']
+        """
+        ParserElement._literalStringClass = cls
+
+    @classmethod
+    def using_each(cls, seq, **class_kwargs):
+        """
+        Yields a sequence of class(obj, **class_kwargs) for obj in seq.
+
+        Example::
+
+            LPAR, RPAR, LBRACE, RBRACE, SEMI = Suppress.using_each("(){};")
+
+        """
+        yield from (cls(obj, **class_kwargs) for obj in seq)
+
+    class DebugActions(NamedTuple):
+        debug_try: typing.Optional[DebugStartAction]
+        debug_match: typing.Optional[DebugSuccessAction]
+        debug_fail: typing.Optional[DebugExceptionAction]
+
+    def __init__(self, savelist: bool = False):
+        self.parseAction: List[ParseAction] = list()
+        self.failAction: typing.Optional[ParseFailAction] = None
+        self.customName: str = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self._defaultName: typing.Optional[str] = None
+        self.resultsName: str = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.saveAsList = savelist
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = set(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS)
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = True
+        # used when checking for left-recursion
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.keepTabs = False
+        self.ignoreExprs: List["ParserElement"] = list()
+        self.debug = False
+        self.streamlined = False
+        # optimize exception handling for subclasses that don't advance parse index
+        self.mayIndexError = True
+        self.errmsg = ""
+        # mark results names as modal (report only last) or cumulative (list all)
+        self.modalResults = True
+        # custom debug actions
+        self.debugActions = self.DebugActions(None, None, None)
+        # avoid redundant calls to preParse
+        self.callPreparse = True
+        self.callDuringTry = False
+        self.suppress_warnings_: List[Diagnostics] = []
+
+    def suppress_warning(self, warning_type: Diagnostics) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Suppress warnings emitted for a particular diagnostic on this expression.
+
+        Example::
+
+            base = pp.Forward()
+            base.suppress_warning(Diagnostics.warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward)
+
+            # statement would normally raise a warning, but is now suppressed
+            print(base.parse_string("x"))
+
+        """
+        self.suppress_warnings_.append(warning_type)
+        return self
+
+    def visit_all(self):
+        """General-purpose method to yield all expressions and sub-expressions
+        in a grammar. Typically just for internal use.
+        """
+        to_visit = deque([self])
+        seen = set()
+        while to_visit:
+            cur = to_visit.popleft()
+
+            # guard against looping forever through recursive grammars
+            if cur in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(cur)
+
+            to_visit.extend(cur.recurse())
+            yield cur
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Make a copy of this :class:`ParserElement`.  Useful for defining
+        different parse actions for the same parsing pattern, using copies of
+        the original parse element.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            integerK = integer.copy().add_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0] * 1024) + Suppress("K")
+            integerM = integer.copy().add_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0] * 1024 * 1024) + Suppress("M")
+
+            print((integerK | integerM | integer)[1, ...].parse_string("5K 100 640K 256M"))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [5120, 100, 655360, 268435456]
+
+        Equivalent form of ``expr.copy()`` is just ``expr()``::
+
+            integerM = integer().add_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0] * 1024 * 1024) + Suppress("M")
+        """
+        cpy = copy.copy(self)
+        cpy.parseAction = self.parseAction[:]
+        cpy.ignoreExprs = self.ignoreExprs[:]
+        if self.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
+            cpy.whiteChars = set(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS)
+        return cpy
+
+    def set_results_name(
+        self, name: str, list_all_matches: bool = False, *, listAllMatches: bool = False
+    ) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define name for referencing matching tokens as a nested attribute
+        of the returned parse results.
+
+        Normally, results names are assigned as you would assign keys in a dict:
+        any existing value is overwritten by later values. If it is necessary to
+        keep all values captured for a particular results name, call ``set_results_name``
+        with ``list_all_matches`` = True.
+
+        NOTE: ``set_results_name`` returns a *copy* of the original :class:`ParserElement` object;
+        this is so that the client can define a basic element, such as an
+        integer, and reference it in multiple places with different names.
+
+        You can also set results names using the abbreviated syntax,
+        ``expr("name")`` in place of ``expr.set_results_name("name")``
+        - see :class:`__call__`. If ``list_all_matches`` is required, use
+        ``expr("name*")``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            date_str = (integer.set_results_name("year") + '/'
+                        + integer.set_results_name("month") + '/'
+                        + integer.set_results_name("day"))
+
+            # equivalent form:
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+        """
+        listAllMatches = listAllMatches or list_all_matches
+        return self._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if name is None:
+            return self
+        newself = self.copy()
+        if name.endswith("*"):
+            name = name[:-1]
+            listAllMatches = True
+        newself.resultsName = name
+        newself.modalResults = not listAllMatches
+        return newself
+
+    def set_break(self, break_flag: bool = True) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Method to invoke the Python pdb debugger when this element is
+        about to be parsed. Set ``break_flag`` to ``True`` to enable, ``False`` to
+        disable.
+        """
+        if break_flag:
+            _parseMethod = self._parse
+
+            def breaker(instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True):
+                import pdb
+
+                # this call to pdb.set_trace() is intentional, not a checkin error
+                pdb.set_trace()
+                return _parseMethod(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse)
+
+            breaker._originalParseMethod = _parseMethod  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+            self._parse = breaker  # type: ignore [assignment]
+        else:
+            if hasattr(self._parse, "_originalParseMethod"):
+                self._parse = self._parse._originalParseMethod  # type: ignore [attr-defined, assignment]
+        return self
+
+    def set_parse_action(self, *fns: ParseAction, **kwargs) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define one or more actions to perform when successfully matching parse element definition.
+
+        Parse actions can be called to perform data conversions, do extra validation,
+        update external data structures, or enhance or replace the parsed tokens.
+        Each parse action ``fn`` is a callable method with 0-3 arguments, called as
+        ``fn(s, loc, toks)`` , ``fn(loc, toks)`` , ``fn(toks)`` , or just ``fn()`` , where:
+
+        - ``s``    = the original string being parsed (see note below)
+        - ``loc``  = the location of the matching substring
+        - ``toks`` = a list of the matched tokens, packaged as a :class:`ParseResults` object
+
+        The parsed tokens are passed to the parse action as ParseResults. They can be
+        modified in place using list-style append, extend, and pop operations to update
+        the parsed list elements; and with dictionary-style item set and del operations
+        to add, update, or remove any named results. If the tokens are modified in place,
+        it is not necessary to return them with a return statement.
+
+        Parse actions can also completely replace the given tokens, with another ``ParseResults``
+        object, or with some entirely different object (common for parse actions that perform data
+        conversions). A convenient way to build a new parse result is to define the values
+        using a dict, and then create the return value using :class:`ParseResults.from_dict`.
+
+        If None is passed as the ``fn`` parse action, all previously added parse actions for this
+        expression are cleared.
+
+        Optional keyword arguments:
+
+        - ``call_during_try`` = (default= ``False``) indicate if parse action should be run during
+          lookaheads and alternate testing. For parse actions that have side effects, it is
+          important to only call the parse action once it is determined that it is being
+          called as part of a successful parse. For parse actions that perform additional
+          validation, then call_during_try should be passed as True, so that the validation
+          code is included in the preliminary "try" parses.
+
+        Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+        before starting the parsing process.  See :class:`parse_string` for more
+        information on parsing strings containing ``<TAB>`` s, and suggested
+        methods to maintain a consistent view of the parsed string, the parse
+        location, and line and column positions within the parsed string.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # parse dates in the form YYYY/MM/DD
+
+            # use parse action to convert toks from str to int at parse time
+            def convert_to_int(toks):
+                return int(toks[0])
+
+            # use a parse action to verify that the date is a valid date
+            def is_valid_date(instring, loc, toks):
+                from datetime import date
+                year, month, day = toks[::2]
+                try:
+                    date(year, month, day)
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise ParseException(instring, loc, "invalid date given")
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            # add parse actions
+            integer.set_parse_action(convert_to_int)
+            date_str.set_parse_action(is_valid_date)
+
+            # note that integer fields are now ints, not strings
+            date_str.run_tests('''
+                # successful parse - note that integer fields were converted to ints
+                1999/12/31
+
+                # fail - invalid date
+                1999/13/31
+                ''')
+        """
+        if list(fns) == [None]:
+            self.parseAction = []
+        else:
+            if not all(callable(fn) for fn in fns):
+                raise TypeError("parse actions must be callable")
+            self.parseAction = [_trim_arity(fn) for fn in fns]
+            self.callDuringTry = kwargs.get(
+                "call_during_try", kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+            )
+        return self
+
+    def add_parse_action(self, *fns: ParseAction, **kwargs) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Add one or more parse actions to expression's list of parse actions. See :class:`set_parse_action`.
+
+        See examples in :class:`copy`.
+        """
+        self.parseAction += [_trim_arity(fn) for fn in fns]
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get(
+            "call_during_try", kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        )
+        return self
+
+    def add_condition(self, *fns: ParseCondition, **kwargs) -> "ParserElement":
+        """Add a boolean predicate function to expression's list of parse actions. See
+        :class:`set_parse_action` for function call signatures. Unlike ``set_parse_action``,
+        functions passed to ``add_condition`` need to return boolean success/fail of the condition.
+
+        Optional keyword arguments:
+
+        - ``message`` = define a custom message to be used in the raised exception
+        - ``fatal`` = if True, will raise ParseFatalException to stop parsing immediately; otherwise will raise
+          ParseException
+        - ``call_during_try`` = boolean to indicate if this method should be called during internal tryParse calls,
+          default=False
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda toks: int(toks[0]))
+            year_int = integer.copy()
+            year_int.add_condition(lambda toks: toks[0] >= 2000, message="Only support years 2000 and later")
+            date_str = year_int + '/' + integer + '/' + integer
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")  # -> Exception: Only support years 2000 and later (at char 0),
+                                                                         (line:1, col:1)
+        """
+        for fn in fns:
+            self.parseAction.append(
+                condition_as_parse_action(
+                    fn,
+                    message=str(kwargs.get("message")),
+                    fatal=bool(kwargs.get("fatal", False)),
+                )
+            )
+
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or kwargs.get(
+            "call_during_try", kwargs.get("callDuringTry", False)
+        )
+        return self
+
+    def set_fail_action(self, fn: ParseFailAction) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define action to perform if parsing fails at this expression.
+        Fail acton fn is a callable function that takes the arguments
+        ``fn(s, loc, expr, err)`` where:
+
+        - ``s`` = string being parsed
+        - ``loc`` = location where expression match was attempted and failed
+        - ``expr`` = the parse expression that failed
+        - ``err`` = the exception thrown
+
+        The function returns no value.  It may throw :class:`ParseFatalException`
+        if it is desired to stop parsing immediately."""
+        self.failAction = fn
+        return self
+
+    def _skipIgnorables(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if not self.ignoreExprs:
+            return loc
+        exprsFound = True
+        ignore_expr_fns = [e._parse for e in self.ignoreExprs]
+        while exprsFound:
+            exprsFound = False
+            for ignore_fn in ignore_expr_fns:
+                try:
+                    while 1:
+                        loc, dummy = ignore_fn(instring, loc)
+                        exprsFound = True
+                except ParseException:
+                    pass
+        return loc
+
+    def preParse(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if self.ignoreExprs:
+            loc = self._skipIgnorables(instring, loc)
+
+        if self.skipWhitespace:
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            white_chars = self.whiteChars
+            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in white_chars:
+                loc += 1
+
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        return loc, []
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        return tokenlist
+
+    # @profile
+    def _parseNoCache(
+        self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True
+    ) -> Tuple[int, ParseResults]:
+        TRY, MATCH, FAIL = 0, 1, 2
+        debugging = self.debug  # and doActions)
+        len_instring = len(instring)
+
+        if debugging or self.failAction:
+            # print("Match {} at loc {}({}, {})".format(self, loc, lineno(loc, instring), col(loc, instring)))
+            try:
+                if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                    pre_loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+                else:
+                    pre_loc = loc
+                tokens_start = pre_loc
+                if self.debugActions.debug_try:
+                    self.debugActions.debug_try(instring, tokens_start, self, False)
+                if self.mayIndexError or pre_loc >= len_instring:
+                    try:
+                        loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+                    except IndexError:
+                        raise ParseException(instring, len_instring, self.errmsg, self)
+                else:
+                    loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+            except Exception as err:
+                # print("Exception raised:", err)
+                if self.debugActions.debug_fail:
+                    self.debugActions.debug_fail(
+                        instring, tokens_start, self, err, False
+                    )
+                if self.failAction:
+                    self.failAction(instring, tokens_start, self, err)
+                raise
+        else:
+            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                pre_loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+            else:
+                pre_loc = loc
+            tokens_start = pre_loc
+            if self.mayIndexError or pre_loc >= len_instring:
+                try:
+                    loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseException(instring, len_instring, self.errmsg, self)
+            else:
+                loc, tokens = self.parseImpl(instring, pre_loc, doActions)
+
+        tokens = self.postParse(instring, loc, tokens)
+
+        ret_tokens = ParseResults(
+            tokens, self.resultsName, asList=self.saveAsList, modal=self.modalResults
+        )
+        if self.parseAction and (doActions or self.callDuringTry):
+            if debugging:
+                try:
+                    for fn in self.parseAction:
+                        try:
+                            tokens = fn(instring, tokens_start, ret_tokens)  # type: ignore [call-arg, arg-type]
+                        except IndexError as parse_action_exc:
+                            exc = ParseException("exception raised in parse action")
+                            raise exc from parse_action_exc
+
+                        if tokens is not None and tokens is not ret_tokens:
+                            ret_tokens = ParseResults(
+                                tokens,
+                                self.resultsName,
+                                asList=self.saveAsList
+                                and isinstance(tokens, (ParseResults, list)),
+                                modal=self.modalResults,
+                            )
+                except Exception as err:
+                    # print "Exception raised in user parse action:", err
+                    if self.debugActions.debug_fail:
+                        self.debugActions.debug_fail(
+                            instring, tokens_start, self, err, False
+                        )
+                    raise
+            else:
+                for fn in self.parseAction:
+                    try:
+                        tokens = fn(instring, tokens_start, ret_tokens)  # type: ignore [call-arg, arg-type]
+                    except IndexError as parse_action_exc:
+                        exc = ParseException("exception raised in parse action")
+                        raise exc from parse_action_exc
+
+                    if tokens is not None and tokens is not ret_tokens:
+                        ret_tokens = ParseResults(
+                            tokens,
+                            self.resultsName,
+                            asList=self.saveAsList
+                            and isinstance(tokens, (ParseResults, list)),
+                            modal=self.modalResults,
+                        )
+        if debugging:
+            # print("Matched", self, "->", ret_tokens.as_list())
+            if self.debugActions.debug_match:
+                self.debugActions.debug_match(
+                    instring, tokens_start, loc, self, ret_tokens, False
+                )
+
+        return loc, ret_tokens
+
+    def try_parse(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        loc: int,
+        *,
+        raise_fatal: bool = False,
+        do_actions: bool = False,
+    ) -> int:
+        try:
+            return self._parse(instring, loc, doActions=do_actions)[0]
+        except ParseFatalException:
+            if raise_fatal:
+                raise
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+    def can_parse_next(self, instring: str, loc: int, do_actions: bool = False) -> bool:
+        try:
+            self.try_parse(instring, loc, do_actions=do_actions)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    # cache for left-recursion in Forward references
+    recursion_lock = RLock()
+    recursion_memos: typing.Dict[
+        Tuple[int, "Forward", bool], Tuple[int, Union[ParseResults, Exception]]
+    ] = {}
+
+    class _CacheType(dict):
+        """
+        class to help type checking
+        """
+
+        not_in_cache: bool
+
+        def get(self, *args):
+            ...
+
+        def set(self, *args):
+            ...
+
+    # argument cache for optimizing repeated calls when backtracking through recursive expressions
+    packrat_cache = (
+        _CacheType()
+    )  # set later by enable_packrat(); this is here so that reset_cache() doesn't fail
+    packrat_cache_lock = RLock()
+    packrat_cache_stats = [0, 0]
+
+    # this method gets repeatedly called during backtracking with the same arguments -
+    # we can cache these arguments and save ourselves the trouble of re-parsing the contained expression
+    def _parseCache(
+        self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True
+    ) -> Tuple[int, ParseResults]:
+        HIT, MISS = 0, 1
+        TRY, MATCH, FAIL = 0, 1, 2
+        lookup = (self, instring, loc, callPreParse, doActions)
+        with ParserElement.packrat_cache_lock:
+            cache = ParserElement.packrat_cache
+            value = cache.get(lookup)
+            if value is cache.not_in_cache:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[MISS] += 1
+                try:
+                    value = self._parseNoCache(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse)
+                except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                    # cache a copy of the exception, without the traceback
+                    cache.set(lookup, pe.__class__(*pe.args))
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    cache.set(lookup, (value[0], value[1].copy(), loc))
+                    return value
+            else:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[HIT] += 1
+                if self.debug and self.debugActions.debug_try:
+                    try:
+                        self.debugActions.debug_try(instring, loc, self, cache_hit=True)  # type: ignore [call-arg]
+                    except TypeError:
+                        pass
+                if isinstance(value, Exception):
+                    if self.debug and self.debugActions.debug_fail:
+                        try:
+                            self.debugActions.debug_fail(
+                                instring, loc, self, value, cache_hit=True  # type: ignore [call-arg]
+                            )
+                        except TypeError:
+                            pass
+                    raise value
+
+                value = cast(Tuple[int, ParseResults, int], value)
+                loc_, result, endloc = value[0], value[1].copy(), value[2]
+                if self.debug and self.debugActions.debug_match:
+                    try:
+                        self.debugActions.debug_match(
+                            instring, loc_, endloc, self, result, cache_hit=True  # type: ignore [call-arg]
+                        )
+                    except TypeError:
+                        pass
+
+                return loc_, result
+
+    _parse = _parseNoCache
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def reset_cache() -> None:
+        ParserElement.packrat_cache.clear()
+        ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats[:] = [0] * len(
+            ParserElement.packrat_cache_stats
+        )
+        ParserElement.recursion_memos.clear()
+
+    _packratEnabled = False
+    _left_recursion_enabled = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def disable_memoization() -> None:
+        """
+        Disables active Packrat or Left Recursion parsing and their memoization
+
+        This method also works if neither Packrat nor Left Recursion are enabled.
+        This makes it safe to call before activating Packrat nor Left Recursion
+        to clear any previous settings.
+        """
+        ParserElement.reset_cache()
+        ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled = False
+        ParserElement._packratEnabled = False
+        ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseNoCache
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def enable_left_recursion(
+        cache_size_limit: typing.Optional[int] = None, *, force=False
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Enables "bounded recursion" parsing, which allows for both direct and indirect
+        left-recursion. During parsing, left-recursive :class:`Forward` elements are
+        repeatedly matched with a fixed recursion depth that is gradually increased
+        until finding the longest match.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from pip._vendor import pyparsing as pp
+            pp.ParserElement.enable_left_recursion()
+
+            E = pp.Forward("E")
+            num = pp.Word(pp.nums)
+            # match `num`, or `num '+' num`, or `num '+' num '+' num`, ...
+            E <<= E + '+' - num | num
+
+            print(E.parse_string("1+2+3"))
+
+        Recursion search naturally memoizes matches of ``Forward`` elements and may
+        thus skip reevaluation of parse actions during backtracking. This may break
+        programs with parse actions which rely on strict ordering of side-effects.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``cache_size_limit`` - (default=``None``) - memoize at most this many
+          ``Forward`` elements during matching; if ``None`` (the default),
+          memoize all ``Forward`` elements.
+
+        Bounded Recursion parsing works similar but not identical to Packrat parsing,
+        thus the two cannot be used together. Use ``force=True`` to disable any
+        previous, conflicting settings.
+        """
+        if force:
+            ParserElement.disable_memoization()
+        elif ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+            raise RuntimeError("Packrat and Bounded Recursion are not compatible")
+        if cache_size_limit is None:
+            ParserElement.recursion_memos = _UnboundedMemo()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        elif cache_size_limit > 0:
+            ParserElement.recursion_memos = _LRUMemo(capacity=cache_size_limit)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Memo size of %s" % cache_size_limit)
+        ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled = True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def enable_packrat(cache_size_limit: int = 128, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """
+        Enables "packrat" parsing, which adds memoizing to the parsing logic.
+        Repeated parse attempts at the same string location (which happens
+        often in many complex grammars) can immediately return a cached value,
+        instead of re-executing parsing/validating code.  Memoizing is done of
+        both valid results and parsing exceptions.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``cache_size_limit`` - (default= ``128``) - if an integer value is provided
+          will limit the size of the packrat cache; if None is passed, then
+          the cache size will be unbounded; if 0 is passed, the cache will
+          be effectively disabled.
+
+        This speedup may break existing programs that use parse actions that
+        have side-effects.  For this reason, packrat parsing is disabled when
+        you first import pyparsing.  To activate the packrat feature, your
+        program must call the class method :class:`ParserElement.enable_packrat`.
+        For best results, call ``enable_packrat()`` immediately after
+        importing pyparsing.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from pip._vendor import pyparsing
+            pyparsing.ParserElement.enable_packrat()
+
+        Packrat parsing works similar but not identical to Bounded Recursion parsing,
+        thus the two cannot be used together. Use ``force=True`` to disable any
+        previous, conflicting settings.
+        """
+        if force:
+            ParserElement.disable_memoization()
+        elif ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled:
+            raise RuntimeError("Packrat and Bounded Recursion are not compatible")
+        if not ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+            ParserElement._packratEnabled = True
+            if cache_size_limit is None:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache = _UnboundedCache()
+            else:
+                ParserElement.packrat_cache = _FifoCache(cache_size_limit)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseCache
+
+    def parse_string(
+        self, instring: str, parse_all: bool = False, *, parseAll: bool = False
+    ) -> ParseResults:
+        """
+        Parse a string with respect to the parser definition. This function is intended as the primary interface to the
+        client code.
+
+        :param instring: The input string to be parsed.
+        :param parse_all: If set, the entire input string must match the grammar.
+        :param parseAll: retained for pre-PEP8 compatibility, will be removed in a future release.
+        :raises ParseException: Raised if ``parse_all`` is set and the input string does not match the whole grammar.
+        :returns: the parsed data as a :class:`ParseResults` object, which may be accessed as a `list`, a `dict`, or
+          an object with attributes if the given parser includes results names.
+
+        If the input string is required to match the entire grammar, ``parse_all`` flag must be set to ``True``. This
+        is also equivalent to ending the grammar with :class:`StringEnd`\\ ().
+
+        To report proper column numbers, ``parse_string`` operates on a copy of the input string where all tabs are
+        converted to spaces (8 spaces per tab, as per the default in ``string.expandtabs``). If the input string
+        contains tabs and the grammar uses parse actions that use the ``loc`` argument to index into the string
+        being parsed, one can ensure a consistent view of the input string by doing one of the following:
+
+        - calling ``parse_with_tabs`` on your grammar before calling ``parse_string`` (see :class:`parse_with_tabs`),
+        - define your parse action using the full ``(s,loc,toks)`` signature, and reference the input string using the
+          parse action's ``s`` argument, or
+        - explicitly expand the tabs in your input string before calling ``parse_string``.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        By default, partial matches are OK.
+
+        >>> res = Word('a').parse_string('aaaaabaaa')
+        >>> print(res)
+        ['aaaaa']
+
+        The parsing behavior varies by the inheriting class of this abstract class. Please refer to the children
+        directly to see more examples.
+
+        It raises an exception if parse_all flag is set and instring does not match the whole grammar.
+
+        >>> res = Word('a').parse_string('aaaaabaaa', parse_all=True)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        pyparsing.ParseException: Expected end of text, found 'b'  (at char 5), (line:1, col:6)
+        """
+        parseAll = parse_all or parseAll
+
+        ParserElement.reset_cache()
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = instring.expandtabs()
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self._parse(instring, 0)
+            if parseAll:
+                loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+                se = Empty() + StringEnd()
+                se._parse(instring, loc)
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clearing out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+        else:
+            return tokens
+
+    def scan_string(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        max_matches: int = _MAX_INT,
+        overlap: bool = False,
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        maxMatches: int = _MAX_INT,
+    ) -> Generator[Tuple[ParseResults, int, int], None, None]:
+        """
+        Scan the input string for expression matches.  Each match will return the
+        matching tokens, start location, and end location.  May be called with optional
+        ``max_matches`` argument, to clip scanning after 'n' matches are found.  If
+        ``overlap`` is specified, then overlapping matches will be reported.
+
+        Note that the start and end locations are reported relative to the string
+        being parsed.  See :class:`parse_string` for more information on parsing
+        strings with embedded tabs.
+
+        Example::
+
+            source = "sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987"
+            print(source)
+            for tokens, start, end in Word(alphas).scan_string(source):
+                print(' '*start + '^'*(end-start))
+                print(' '*start + tokens[0])
+
+        prints::
+
+            sldjf123lsdjjkf345sldkjf879lkjsfd987
+            ^^^^^
+            sldjf
+                    ^^^^^^^
+                    lsdjjkf
+                              ^^^^^^
+                              sldkjf
+                                       ^^^^^^
+                                       lkjsfd
+        """
+        maxMatches = min(maxMatches, max_matches)
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = str(instring).expandtabs()
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        loc = 0
+        preparseFn = self.preParse
+        parseFn = self._parse
+        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        matches = 0
+        try:
+            while loc <= instrlen and matches < maxMatches:
+                try:
+                    preloc: int = preparseFn(instring, loc)
+                    nextLoc: int
+                    tokens: ParseResults
+                    nextLoc, tokens = parseFn(instring, preloc, callPreParse=False)
+                except ParseException:
+                    loc = preloc + 1
+                else:
+                    if nextLoc > loc:
+                        matches += 1
+                        if debug:
+                            print(
+                                {
+                                    "tokens": tokens.asList(),
+                                    "start": preloc,
+                                    "end": nextLoc,
+                                }
+                            )
+                        yield tokens, preloc, nextLoc
+                        if overlap:
+                            nextloc = preparseFn(instring, loc)
+                            if nextloc > loc:
+                                loc = nextLoc
+                            else:
+                                loc += 1
+                        else:
+                            loc = nextLoc
+                    else:
+                        loc = preloc + 1
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def transform_string(self, instring: str, *, debug: bool = False) -> str:
+        """
+        Extension to :class:`scan_string`, to modify matching text with modified tokens that may
+        be returned from a parse action.  To use ``transform_string``, define a grammar and
+        attach a parse action to it that modifies the returned token list.
+        Invoking ``transform_string()`` on a target string will then scan for matches,
+        and replace the matched text patterns according to the logic in the parse
+        action.  ``transform_string()`` returns the resulting transformed string.
+
+        Example::
+
+            wd = Word(alphas)
+            wd.set_parse_action(lambda toks: toks[0].title())
+
+            print(wd.transform_string("now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york."))
+
+        prints::
+
+            Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York.
+        """
+        out: List[str] = []
+        lastE = 0
+        # force preservation of <TAB>s, to minimize unwanted transformation of string, and to
+        # keep string locs straight between transform_string and scan_string
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        try:
+            for t, s, e in self.scan_string(instring, debug=debug):
+                out.append(instring[lastE:s])
+                if t:
+                    if isinstance(t, ParseResults):
+                        out += t.as_list()
+                    elif isinstance(t, Iterable) and not isinstance(t, str_type):
+                        out.extend(t)
+                    else:
+                        out.append(t)
+                lastE = e
+            out.append(instring[lastE:])
+            out = [o for o in out if o]
+            return "".join([str(s) for s in _flatten(out)])
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def search_string(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        max_matches: int = _MAX_INT,
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        maxMatches: int = _MAX_INT,
+    ) -> ParseResults:
+        """
+        Another extension to :class:`scan_string`, simplifying the access to the tokens found
+        to match the given parse expression.  May be called with optional
+        ``max_matches`` argument, to clip searching after 'n' matches are found.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # a capitalized word starts with an uppercase letter, followed by zero or more lowercase letters
+            cap_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
+
+            print(cap_word.search_string("More than Iron, more than Lead, more than Gold I need Electricity"))
+
+            # the sum() builtin can be used to merge results into a single ParseResults object
+            print(sum(cap_word.search_string("More than Iron, more than Lead, more than Gold I need Electricity")))
+
+        prints::
+
+            [['More'], ['Iron'], ['Lead'], ['Gold'], ['I'], ['Electricity']]
+            ['More', 'Iron', 'Lead', 'Gold', 'I', 'Electricity']
+        """
+        maxMatches = min(maxMatches, max_matches)
+        try:
+            return ParseResults(
+                [t for t, s, e in self.scan_string(instring, maxMatches, debug=debug)]
+            )
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        instring: str,
+        maxsplit: int = _MAX_INT,
+        include_separators: bool = False,
+        *,
+        includeSeparators=False,
+    ) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
+        """
+        Generator method to split a string using the given expression as a separator.
+        May be called with optional ``maxsplit`` argument, to limit the number of splits;
+        and the optional ``include_separators`` argument (default= ``False``), if the separating
+        matching text should be included in the split results.
+
+        Example::
+
+            punc = one_of(list(".,;:/-!?"))
+            print(list(punc.split("This, this?, this sentence, is badly punctuated!")))
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['This', ' this', '', ' this sentence', ' is badly punctuated', '']
+        """
+        includeSeparators = includeSeparators or include_separators
+        last = 0
+        for t, s, e in self.scan_string(instring, max_matches=maxsplit):
+            yield instring[last:s]
+            if includeSeparators:
+                yield t[0]
+            last = e
+        yield instring[last:]
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``+`` operator - returns :class:`And`. Adding strings to a :class:`ParserElement`
+        converts them to :class:`Literal`\\ s by default.
+
+        Example::
+
+            greet = Word(alphas) + "," + Word(alphas) + "!"
+            hello = "Hello, World!"
+            print(hello, "->", greet.parse_string(hello))
+
+        prints::
+
+            Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+
+        ``...`` may be used as a parse expression as a short form of :class:`SkipTo`::
+
+            Literal('start') + ... + Literal('end')
+
+        is equivalent to::
+
+            Literal('start') + SkipTo('end')("_skipped*") + Literal('end')
+
+        Note that the skipped text is returned with '_skipped' as a results name,
+        and to support having multiple skips in the same parser, the value returned is
+        a list of all skipped text.
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            return _PendingSkip(self)
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return And([self, other])
+
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``+`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            return SkipTo(self)("_skipped*") + self
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other + self
+
+    def __sub__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``-`` operator, returns :class:`And` with error stop
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self + And._ErrorStop() + other
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``-`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other - self
+
+    def __mul__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``*`` operator, allows use of ``expr * 3`` in place of
+        ``expr + expr + expr``.  Expressions may also be multiplied by a 2-integer
+        tuple, similar to ``{min, max}`` multipliers in regular expressions.  Tuples
+        may also include ``None`` as in:
+
+        - ``expr*(n, None)`` or ``expr*(n, )`` is equivalent
+          to ``expr*n + ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+          (read as "at least n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr*(None, n)`` is equivalent to ``expr*(0, n)``
+          (read as "0 to n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr*(None, None)`` is equivalent to ``ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+        - ``expr*(1, None)`` is equivalent to ``OneOrMore(expr)``
+
+        Note that ``expr*(None, n)`` does not raise an exception if
+        more than n exprs exist in the input stream; that is,
+        ``expr*(None, n)`` does not enforce a maximum number of expr
+        occurrences.  If this behavior is desired, then write
+        ``expr*(None, n) + ~expr``
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            other = (0, None)
+        elif isinstance(other, tuple) and other[:1] == (Ellipsis,):
+            other = ((0,) + other[1:] + (None,))[:2]
+
+        if isinstance(other, int):
+            minElements, optElements = other, 0
+        elif isinstance(other, tuple):
+            other = tuple(o if o is not Ellipsis else None for o in other)
+            other = (other + (None, None))[:2]
+            if other[0] is None:
+                other = (0, other[1])
+            if isinstance(other[0], int) and other[1] is None:
+                if other[0] == 0:
+                    return ZeroOrMore(self)
+                if other[0] == 1:
+                    return OneOrMore(self)
+                else:
+                    return self * other[0] + ZeroOrMore(self)
+            elif isinstance(other[0], int) and isinstance(other[1], int):
+                minElements, optElements = other
+                optElements -= minElements
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        if minElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by negative value")
+        if optElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "second tuple value must be greater or equal to first tuple value"
+            )
+        if minElements == optElements == 0:
+            return And([])
+
+        if optElements:
+
+            def makeOptionalList(n):
+                if n > 1:
+                    return Opt(self + makeOptionalList(n - 1))
+                else:
+                    return Opt(self)
+
+            if minElements:
+                if minElements == 1:
+                    ret = self + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+                else:
+                    ret = And([self] * minElements) + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+            else:
+                ret = makeOptionalList(optElements)
+        else:
+            if minElements == 1:
+                ret = self
+            else:
+                ret = And([self] * minElements)
+        return ret
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        return self.__mul__(other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``|`` operator - returns :class:`MatchFirst`
+        """
+        if other is Ellipsis:
+            return _PendingSkip(self, must_skip=True)
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            # `expr | ""` is equivalent to `Opt(expr)`
+            if other == "":
+                return Opt(self)
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return MatchFirst([self, other])
+
+    def __ror__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``|`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other | self
+
+    def __xor__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``^`` operator - returns :class:`Or`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return Or([self, other])
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``^`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other ^ self
+
+    def __and__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``&`` operator - returns :class:`Each`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return Each([self, other])
+
+    def __rand__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``&`` operator when left operand is not a :class:`ParserElement`
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return other & self
+
+    def __invert__(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Implementation of ``~`` operator - returns :class:`NotAny`
+        """
+        return NotAny(self)
+
+    # disable __iter__ to override legacy use of sequential access to __getitem__ to
+    # iterate over a sequence
+    __iter__ = None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        """
+        use ``[]`` indexing notation as a short form for expression repetition:
+
+        - ``expr[n]`` is equivalent to ``expr*n``
+        - ``expr[m, n]`` is equivalent to ``expr*(m, n)``
+        - ``expr[n, ...]`` or ``expr[n,]`` is equivalent
+             to ``expr*n + ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+             (read as "at least n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr[..., n]`` is equivalent to ``expr*(0, n)``
+             (read as "0 to n instances of ``expr``")
+        - ``expr[...]`` and ``expr[0, ...]`` are equivalent to ``ZeroOrMore(expr)``
+        - ``expr[1, ...]`` is equivalent to ``OneOrMore(expr)``
+
+        ``None`` may be used in place of ``...``.
+
+        Note that ``expr[..., n]`` and ``expr[m, n]`` do not raise an exception
+        if more than ``n`` ``expr``\\ s exist in the input stream.  If this behavior is
+        desired, then write ``expr[..., n] + ~expr``.
+
+        For repetition with a stop_on expression, use slice notation:
+
+        - ``expr[...: end_expr]`` and ``expr[0, ...: end_expr]`` are equivalent to ``ZeroOrMore(expr, stop_on=end_expr)``
+        - ``expr[1, ...: end_expr]`` is equivalent to ``OneOrMore(expr, stop_on=end_expr)``
+
+        """
+
+        stop_on_defined = False
+        stop_on = NoMatch()
+        if isinstance(key, slice):
+            key, stop_on = key.start, key.stop
+            if key is None:
+                key = ...
+            stop_on_defined = True
+        elif isinstance(key, tuple) and isinstance(key[-1], slice):
+            key, stop_on = (key[0], key[1].start), key[1].stop
+            stop_on_defined = True
+
+        # convert single arg keys to tuples
+        if isinstance(key, str_type):
+            key = (key,)
+        try:
+            iter(key)
+        except TypeError:
+            key = (key, key)
+
+        if len(key) > 2:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"only 1 or 2 index arguments supported ({key[:5]}{f'... [{len(key)}]' if len(key) > 5 else ''})"
+            )
+
+        # clip to 2 elements
+        ret = self * tuple(key[:2])
+        ret = typing.cast(_MultipleMatch, ret)
+
+        if stop_on_defined:
+            ret.stopOn(stop_on)
+
+        return ret
+
+    def __call__(self, name: typing.Optional[str] = None) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Shortcut for :class:`set_results_name`, with ``list_all_matches=False``.
+
+        If ``name`` is given with a trailing ``'*'`` character, then ``list_all_matches`` will be
+        passed as ``True``.
+
+        If ``name`` is omitted, same as calling :class:`copy`.
+
+        Example::
+
+            # these are equivalent
+            userdata = Word(alphas).set_results_name("name") + Word(nums + "-").set_results_name("socsecno")
+            userdata = Word(alphas)("name") + Word(nums + "-")("socsecno")
+        """
+        if name is not None:
+            return self._setResultsName(name)
+        else:
+            return self.copy()
+
+    def suppress(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Suppresses the output of this :class:`ParserElement`; useful to keep punctuation from
+        cluttering up returned output.
+        """
+        return Suppress(self)
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Enables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
+        :class:`ParserElement`'s defined pattern.
+
+        :param recursive: If ``True`` (the default), also enable whitespace skipping in child elements (if any)
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        return self
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
+        :class:`ParserElement`'s defined pattern.  This is normally only used internally by
+        the pyparsing module, but may be needed in some whitespace-sensitive grammars.
+
+        :param recursive: If true (the default), also disable whitespace skipping in child elements (if any)
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def set_whitespace_chars(
+        self, chars: Union[Set[str], str], copy_defaults: bool = False
+    ) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Overrides the default whitespace chars
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = set(chars)
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = copy_defaults
+        return self
+
+    def parse_with_tabs(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Overrides default behavior to expand ``<TAB>`` s to spaces before parsing the input string.
+        Must be called before ``parse_string`` when the input grammar contains elements that
+        match ``<TAB>`` characters.
+        """
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        return self
+
+    def ignore(self, other: "ParserElement") -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define expression to be ignored (e.g., comments) while doing pattern
+        matching; may be called repeatedly, to define multiple comment or other
+        ignorable patterns.
+
+        Example::
+
+            patt = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+            patt.parse_string('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd')
+            # -> ['ablaj']
+
+            patt.ignore(c_style_comment)
+            patt.parse_string('ablaj /* comment */ lskjd')
+            # -> ['ablaj', 'lskjd']
+        """
+        import typing
+
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = Suppress(other)
+
+        if isinstance(other, Suppress):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                self.ignoreExprs.append(other)
+        else:
+            self.ignoreExprs.append(Suppress(other.copy()))
+        return self
+
+    def set_debug_actions(
+        self,
+        start_action: DebugStartAction,
+        success_action: DebugSuccessAction,
+        exception_action: DebugExceptionAction,
+    ) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Customize display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching:
+
+        - ``start_action`` - method to be called when an expression is about to be parsed;
+          should have the signature ``fn(input_string: str, location: int, expression: ParserElement, cache_hit: bool)``
+
+        - ``success_action`` - method to be called when an expression has successfully parsed;
+          should have the signature ``fn(input_string: str, start_location: int, end_location: int, expression: ParserELement, parsed_tokens: ParseResults, cache_hit: bool)``
+
+        - ``exception_action`` - method to be called when expression fails to parse;
+          should have the signature ``fn(input_string: str, location: int, expression: ParserElement, exception: Exception, cache_hit: bool)``
+        """
+        self.debugActions = self.DebugActions(
+            start_action or _default_start_debug_action,  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+            success_action or _default_success_debug_action,  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+            exception_action or _default_exception_debug_action,  # type: ignore[truthy-function]
+        )
+        self.debug = True
+        return self
+
+    def set_debug(self, flag: bool = True, recurse: bool = False) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
+        Set ``flag`` to ``True`` to enable, ``False`` to disable.
+        Set ``recurse`` to ``True`` to set the debug flag on this expression and all sub-expressions.
+
+        Example::
+
+            wd = Word(alphas).set_name("alphaword")
+            integer = Word(nums).set_name("numword")
+            term = wd | integer
+
+            # turn on debugging for wd
+            wd.set_debug()
+
+            term[1, ...].parse_string("abc 123 xyz 890")
+
+        prints::
+
+            Match alphaword at loc 0(1,1)
+            Matched alphaword -> ['abc']
+            Match alphaword at loc 3(1,4)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
+            Match alphaword at loc 7(1,8)
+            Matched alphaword -> ['xyz']
+            Match alphaword at loc 11(1,12)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 12), (line:1, col:13)
+            Match alphaword at loc 15(1,16)
+            Exception raised:Expected alphaword (at char 15), (line:1, col:16)
+
+        The output shown is that produced by the default debug actions - custom debug actions can be
+        specified using :class:`set_debug_actions`. Prior to attempting
+        to match the ``wd`` expression, the debugging message ``"Match <exprname> at loc <n>(<line>,<col>)"``
+        is shown. Then if the parse succeeds, a ``"Matched"`` message is shown, or an ``"Exception raised"``
+        message is shown. Also note the use of :class:`set_name` to assign a human-readable name to the expression,
+        which makes debugging and exception messages easier to understand - for instance, the default
+        name created for the :class:`Word` expression without calling ``set_name`` is ``"W:(A-Za-z)"``.
+        """
+        if recurse:
+            for expr in self.visit_all():
+                expr.set_debug(flag, recurse=False)
+            return self
+
+        if flag:
+            self.set_debug_actions(
+                _default_start_debug_action,
+                _default_success_debug_action,
+                _default_exception_debug_action,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.debug = False
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def default_name(self) -> str:
+        if self._defaultName is None:
+            self._defaultName = self._generateDefaultName()
+        return self._defaultName
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Child classes must define this method, which defines how the ``default_name`` is set.
+        """
+
+    def set_name(self, name: str) -> "ParserElement":
+        """
+        Define name for this expression, makes debugging and exception messages clearer.
+
+        Example::
+
+            Word(nums).parse_string("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected W:(0-9) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+            Word(nums).set_name("integer").parse_string("ABC")  # -> Exception: Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        """
+        self.customName = name
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        if __diag__.enable_debug_on_named_expressions:
+            self.set_debug()
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        # This will use a user-defined name if available, but otherwise defaults back to the auto-generated name
+        return self.customName if self.customName is not None else self.default_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+    def streamline(self) -> "ParserElement":
+        self.streamlined = True
+        self._defaultName = None
+        return self
+
+    def recurse(self) -> List["ParserElement"]:
+        return []
+
+    def _checkRecursion(self, parseElementList):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [self]
+        for e in self.recurse():
+            e._checkRecursion(subRecCheckList)
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        """
+        Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite recursive definitions.
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def parse_file(
+        self,
+        file_or_filename: Union[str, Path, TextIO],
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+        parse_all: bool = False,
+        *,
+        parseAll: bool = False,
+    ) -> ParseResults:
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression on the given file or filename.
+        If a filename is specified (instead of a file object),
+        the entire file is opened, read, and closed before parsing.
+        """
+        parseAll = parseAll or parse_all
+        try:
+            file_or_filename = typing.cast(TextIO, file_or_filename)
+            file_contents = file_or_filename.read()
+        except AttributeError:
+            file_or_filename = typing.cast(str, file_or_filename)
+            with open(file_or_filename, "r", encoding=encoding) as f:
+                file_contents = f.read()
+        try:
+            return self.parse_string(file_contents, parseAll)
+        except ParseBaseException as exc:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                raise exc.with_traceback(None)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        elif isinstance(other, str_type):
+            return self.matches(other, parse_all=True)
+        elif isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return vars(self) == vars(other)
+        return False
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def matches(
+        self, test_string: str, parse_all: bool = True, *, parseAll: bool = True
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Method for quick testing of a parser against a test string. Good for simple
+        inline microtests of sub expressions while building up larger parser.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``test_string`` - to test against this expression for a match
+        - ``parse_all`` - (default= ``True``) - flag to pass to :class:`parse_string` when running tests
+
+        Example::
+
+            expr = Word(nums)
+            assert expr.matches("100")
+        """
+        parseAll = parseAll and parse_all
+        try:
+            self.parse_string(str(test_string), parse_all=parseAll)
+            return True
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            return False
+
+    def run_tests(
+        self,
+        tests: Union[str, List[str]],
+        parse_all: bool = True,
+        comment: typing.Optional[Union["ParserElement", str]] = "#",
+        full_dump: bool = True,
+        print_results: bool = True,
+        failure_tests: bool = False,
+        post_parse: typing.Optional[Callable[[str, ParseResults], str]] = None,
+        file: typing.Optional[TextIO] = None,
+        with_line_numbers: bool = False,
+        *,
+        parseAll: bool = True,
+        fullDump: bool = True,
+        printResults: bool = True,
+        failureTests: bool = False,
+        postParse: typing.Optional[Callable[[str, ParseResults], str]] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[bool, List[Tuple[str, Union[ParseResults, Exception]]]]:
+        """
+        Execute the parse expression on a series of test strings, showing each
+        test, the parsed results or where the parse failed. Quick and easy way to
+        run a parse expression against a list of sample strings.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``tests`` - a list of separate test strings, or a multiline string of test strings
+        - ``parse_all`` - (default= ``True``) - flag to pass to :class:`parse_string` when running tests
+        - ``comment`` - (default= ``'#'``) - expression for indicating embedded comments in the test
+          string; pass None to disable comment filtering
+        - ``full_dump`` - (default= ``True``) - dump results as list followed by results names in nested outline;
+          if False, only dump nested list
+        - ``print_results`` - (default= ``True``) prints test output to stdout
+        - ``failure_tests`` - (default= ``False``) indicates if these tests are expected to fail parsing
+        - ``post_parse`` - (default= ``None``) optional callback for successful parse results; called as
+          `fn(test_string, parse_results)` and returns a string to be added to the test output
+        - ``file`` - (default= ``None``) optional file-like object to which test output will be written;
+          if None, will default to ``sys.stdout``
+        - ``with_line_numbers`` - default= ``False``) show test strings with line and column numbers
+
+        Returns: a (success, results) tuple, where success indicates that all tests succeeded
+        (or failed if ``failure_tests`` is True), and the results contain a list of lines of each
+        test's output
+
+        Example::
+
+            number_expr = pyparsing_common.number.copy()
+
+            result = number_expr.run_tests('''
+                # unsigned integer
+                100
+                # negative integer
+                -100
+                # float with scientific notation
+                6.02e23
+                # integer with scientific notation
+                1e-12
+                ''')
+            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
+
+            result = number_expr.run_tests('''
+                # stray character
+                100Z
+                # missing leading digit before '.'
+                -.100
+                # too many '.'
+                3.14.159
+                ''', failure_tests=True)
+            print("Success" if result[0] else "Failed!")
+
+        prints::
+
+            # unsigned integer
+            100
+            [100]
+
+            # negative integer
+            -100
+            [-100]
+
+            # float with scientific notation
+            6.02e23
+            [6.02e+23]
+
+            # integer with scientific notation
+            1e-12
+            [1e-12]
+
+            Success
+
+            # stray character
+            100Z
+               ^
+            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 3), (line:1, col:4)
+
+            # missing leading digit before '.'
+            -.100
+            ^
+            FAIL: Expected {real number with scientific notation | real number | signed integer} (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+
+            # too many '.'
+            3.14.159
+                ^
+            FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 4), (line:1, col:5)
+
+            Success
+
+        Each test string must be on a single line. If you want to test a string that spans multiple
+        lines, create a test like this::
+
+            expr.run_tests(r"this is a test\\n of strings that spans \\n 3 lines")
+
+        (Note that this is a raw string literal, you must include the leading ``'r'``.)
+        """
+        from .testing import pyparsing_test
+
+        parseAll = parseAll and parse_all
+        fullDump = fullDump and full_dump
+        printResults = printResults and print_results
+        failureTests = failureTests or failure_tests
+        postParse = postParse or post_parse
+        if isinstance(tests, str_type):
+            tests = typing.cast(str, tests)
+            line_strip = type(tests).strip
+            tests = [line_strip(test_line) for test_line in tests.rstrip().splitlines()]
+        comment_specified = comment is not None
+        if comment_specified:
+            if isinstance(comment, str_type):
+                comment = typing.cast(str, comment)
+                comment = Literal(comment)
+        comment = typing.cast(ParserElement, comment)
+        if file is None:
+            file = sys.stdout
+        print_ = file.write
+
+        result: Union[ParseResults, Exception]
+        allResults: List[Tuple[str, Union[ParseResults, Exception]]] = []
+        comments: List[str] = []
+        success = True
+        NL = Literal(r"\n").add_parse_action(replace_with("\n")).ignore(quoted_string)
+        BOM = "\ufeff"
+        for t in tests:
+            if comment_specified and comment.matches(t, False) or comments and not t:
+                comments.append(
+                    pyparsing_test.with_line_numbers(t) if with_line_numbers else t
+                )
+                continue
+            if not t:
+                continue
+            out = [
+                "\n" + "\n".join(comments) if comments else "",
+                pyparsing_test.with_line_numbers(t) if with_line_numbers else t,
+            ]
+            comments = []
+            try:
+                # convert newline marks to actual newlines, and strip leading BOM if present
+                t = NL.transform_string(t.lstrip(BOM))
+                result = self.parse_string(t, parse_all=parseAll)
+            except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                fatal = "(FATAL)" if isinstance(pe, ParseFatalException) else ""
+                out.append(pe.explain())
+                out.append("FAIL: " + str(pe))
+                if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                    out.extend(traceback.format_tb(pe.__traceback__))
+                success = success and failureTests
+                result = pe
+            except Exception as exc:
+                out.append(f"FAIL-EXCEPTION: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+                if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                    out.extend(traceback.format_tb(exc.__traceback__))
+                success = success and failureTests
+                result = exc
+            else:
+                success = success and not failureTests
+                if postParse is not None:
+                    try:
+                        pp_value = postParse(t, result)
+                        if pp_value is not None:
+                            if isinstance(pp_value, ParseResults):
+                                out.append(pp_value.dump())
+                            else:
+                                out.append(str(pp_value))
+                        else:
+                            out.append(result.dump())
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        out.append(result.dump(full=fullDump))
+                        out.append(
+                            f"{postParse.__name__} failed: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
+                        )
+                else:
+                    out.append(result.dump(full=fullDump))
+            out.append("")
+
+            if printResults:
+                print_("\n".join(out))
+
+            allResults.append((t, result))
+
+        return success, allResults
+
+    def create_diagram(
+        self,
+        output_html: Union[TextIO, Path, str],
+        vertical: int = 3,
+        show_results_names: bool = False,
+        show_groups: bool = False,
+        embed: bool = False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a railroad diagram for the parser.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - ``output_html`` (str or file-like object) - output target for generated
+          diagram HTML
+        - ``vertical`` (int) - threshold for formatting multiple alternatives vertically
+          instead of horizontally (default=3)
+        - ``show_results_names`` - bool flag whether diagram should show annotations for
+          defined results names
+        - ``show_groups`` - bool flag whether groups should be highlighted with an unlabeled surrounding box
+        - ``embed`` - bool flag whether generated HTML should omit <HEAD>, <BODY>, and <DOCTYPE> tags to embed
+          the resulting HTML in an enclosing HTML source
+        - ``head`` - str containing additional HTML to insert into the <HEAD> section of the generated code;
+          can be used to insert custom CSS styling
+        - ``body`` - str containing additional HTML to insert at the beginning of the <BODY> section of the
+          generated code
+
+        Additional diagram-formatting keyword arguments can also be included;
+        see railroad.Diagram class.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            from .diagram import to_railroad, railroad_to_html
+        except ImportError as ie:
+            raise Exception(
+                "must ``pip install pyparsing[diagrams]`` to generate parser railroad diagrams"
+            ) from ie
+
+        self.streamline()
+
+        railroad = to_railroad(
+            self,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            show_results_names=show_results_names,
+            show_groups=show_groups,
+            diagram_kwargs=kwargs,
+        )
+        if isinstance(output_html, (str, Path)):
+            with open(output_html, "w", encoding="utf-8") as diag_file:
+                diag_file.write(railroad_to_html(railroad, embed=embed, **kwargs))
+        else:
+            # we were passed a file-like object, just write to it
+            output_html.write(railroad_to_html(railroad, embed=embed, **kwargs))
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(inline_literals_using)
+    def inlineLiteralsUsing(): ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_default_whitespace_chars)
+    def setDefaultWhitespaceChars(): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_results_name)
+    def setResultsName(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_break)
+    def setBreak(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_parse_action)
+    def setParseAction(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(add_parse_action)
+    def addParseAction(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(add_condition)
+    def addCondition(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_fail_action)
+    def setFailAction(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(try_parse)
+    def tryParse(self): ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(enable_left_recursion)
+    def enableLeftRecursion(): ...
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @replaced_by_pep8(enable_packrat)
+    def enablePackrat(): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(parse_string)
+    def parseString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(scan_string)
+    def scanString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(transform_string)
+    def transformString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(search_string)
+    def searchString(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_whitespace_chars)
+    def setWhitespaceChars(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(parse_with_tabs)
+    def parseWithTabs(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_debug_actions)
+    def setDebugActions(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_debug)
+    def setDebug(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(set_name)
+    def setName(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(parse_file)
+    def parseFile(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(run_tests)
+    def runTests(self): ...
+
+    canParseNext = can_parse_next
+    resetCache = reset_cache
+    defaultName = default_name
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class _PendingSkip(ParserElement):
+    # internal placeholder class to hold a place were '...' is added to a parser element,
+    # once another ParserElement is added, this placeholder will be replaced with a SkipTo
+    def __init__(self, expr: ParserElement, must_skip: bool = False):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.anchor = expr
+        self.must_skip = must_skip
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.anchor + Empty()).replace("Empty", "...")
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        skipper = SkipTo(other).set_name("...")("_skipped*")
+        if self.must_skip:
+
+            def must_skip(t):
+                if not t._skipped or t._skipped.as_list() == [""]:
+                    del t[0]
+                    t.pop("_skipped", None)
+
+            def show_skip(t):
+                if t._skipped.as_list()[-1:] == [""]:
+                    t.pop("_skipped")
+                    t["_skipped"] = "missing <" + repr(self.anchor) + ">"
+
+            return (
+                self.anchor + skipper().add_parse_action(must_skip)
+                | skipper().add_parse_action(show_skip)
+            ) + other
+
+        return self.anchor + skipper + other
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.defaultName
+
+    def parseImpl(self, *args):
+        raise Exception(
+            "use of `...` expression without following SkipTo target expression"
+        )
+
+
+class Token(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract :class:`ParserElement` subclass, for defining atomic
+    matching patterns.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(savelist=False)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return type(self).__name__
+
+
+class NoMatch(Token):
+    """
+    A token that will never match.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.errmsg = "Unmatchable token"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Literal(Token):
+    """
+    Token to exactly match a specified string.
+
+    Example::
+
+        Literal('blah').parse_string('blah')  # -> ['blah']
+        Literal('blah').parse_string('blahfooblah')  # -> ['blah']
+        Literal('blah').parse_string('bla')  # -> Exception: Expected "blah"
+
+    For case-insensitive matching, use :class:`CaselessLiteral`.
+
+    For keyword matching (force word break before and after the matched string),
+    use :class:`Keyword` or :class:`CaselessKeyword`.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, match_string: str = "", *, matchString: str = ""):
+        # Performance tuning: select a subclass with optimized parseImpl
+        if cls is Literal:
+            match_string = matchString or match_string
+            if not match_string:
+                return super().__new__(Empty)
+            if len(match_string) == 1:
+                return super().__new__(_SingleCharLiteral)
+
+        # Default behavior
+        return super().__new__(cls)
+
+    # Needed to make copy.copy() work correctly if we customize __new__
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return (self.match,)
+
+    def __init__(self, match_string: str = "", *, matchString: str = ""):
+        super().__init__()
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        self.match = match_string
+        self.matchLen = len(match_string)
+        self.firstMatchChar = match_string[:1]
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self.match)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and instring.startswith(
+            self.match, loc
+        ):
+            return loc + self.matchLen, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Empty(Literal):
+    """
+    An empty token, will always match.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, match_string="", *, matchString=""):
+        super().__init__("")
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "Empty"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class _SingleCharLiteral(Literal):
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar:
+            return loc + 1, self.match
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+ParserElement._literalStringClass = Literal
+
+
+class Keyword(Token):
+    """
+    Token to exactly match a specified string as a keyword, that is,
+    it must be immediately preceded and followed by whitespace or
+    non-keyword characters. Compare with :class:`Literal`:
+
+    - ``Literal("if")`` will match the leading ``'if'`` in
+      ``'ifAndOnlyIf'``.
+    - ``Keyword("if")`` will not; it will only match the leading
+      ``'if'`` in ``'if x=1'``, or ``'if(y==2)'``
+
+    Accepts two optional constructor arguments in addition to the
+    keyword string:
+
+    - ``ident_chars`` is a string of characters that would be valid
+      identifier characters, defaulting to all alphanumerics + "_" and
+      "$"
+    - ``caseless`` allows case-insensitive matching, default is ``False``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        Keyword("start").parse_string("start")  # -> ['start']
+        Keyword("start").parse_string("starting")  # -> Exception
+
+    For case-insensitive matching, use :class:`CaselessKeyword`.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = alphanums + "_$"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        match_string: str = "",
+        ident_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        caseless: bool = False,
+        *,
+        matchString: str = "",
+        identChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        identChars = identChars or ident_chars
+        if identChars is None:
+            identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        self.match = match_string
+        self.matchLen = len(match_string)
+        try:
+            self.firstMatchChar = match_string[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise ValueError("null string passed to Keyword; use Empty() instead")
+        self.errmsg = f"Expected {type(self).__name__} {self.name}"
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.caseless = caseless
+        if caseless:
+            self.caselessmatch = match_string.upper()
+            identChars = identChars.upper()
+        self.identChars = set(identChars)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self.match)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        errmsg = self.errmsg
+        errloc = loc
+        if self.caseless:
+            if instring[loc : loc + self.matchLen].upper() == self.caselessmatch:
+                if loc == 0 or instring[loc - 1].upper() not in self.identChars:
+                    if (
+                        loc >= len(instring) - self.matchLen
+                        or instring[loc + self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars
+                    ):
+                        return loc + self.matchLen, self.match
+                    else:
+                        # followed by keyword char
+                        errmsg += ", was immediately followed by keyword character"
+                        errloc = loc + self.matchLen
+                else:
+                    # preceded by keyword char
+                    errmsg += ", keyword was immediately preceded by keyword character"
+                    errloc = loc - 1
+            # else no match just raise plain exception
+
+        else:
+            if (
+                instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar
+                and self.matchLen == 1
+                or instring.startswith(self.match, loc)
+            ):
+                if loc == 0 or instring[loc - 1] not in self.identChars:
+                    if (
+                        loc >= len(instring) - self.matchLen
+                        or instring[loc + self.matchLen] not in self.identChars
+                    ):
+                        return loc + self.matchLen, self.match
+                    else:
+                        # followed by keyword char
+                        errmsg += (
+                            ", keyword was immediately followed by keyword character"
+                        )
+                        errloc = loc + self.matchLen
+                else:
+                    # preceded by keyword char
+                    errmsg += ", keyword was immediately preceded by keyword character"
+                    errloc = loc - 1
+            # else no match just raise plain exception
+
+        raise ParseException(instring, errloc, errmsg, self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def set_default_keyword_chars(chars) -> None:
+        """
+        Overrides the default characters used by :class:`Keyword` expressions.
+        """
+        Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = chars
+
+    setDefaultKeywordChars = set_default_keyword_chars
+
+
+class CaselessLiteral(Literal):
+    """
+    Token to match a specified string, ignoring case of letters.
+    Note: the matched results will always be in the case of the given
+    match string, NOT the case of the input text.
+
+    Example::
+
+        CaselessLiteral("CMD")[1, ...].parse_string("cmd CMD Cmd10")
+        # -> ['CMD', 'CMD', 'CMD']
+
+    (Contrast with example for :class:`CaselessKeyword`.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, match_string: str = "", *, matchString: str = ""):
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        super().__init__(match_string.upper())
+        # Preserve the defining literal.
+        self.returnString = match_string
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc : loc + self.matchLen].upper() == self.match:
+            return loc + self.matchLen, self.returnString
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class CaselessKeyword(Keyword):
+    """
+    Caseless version of :class:`Keyword`.
+
+    Example::
+
+        CaselessKeyword("CMD")[1, ...].parse_string("cmd CMD Cmd10")
+        # -> ['CMD', 'CMD']
+
+    (Contrast with example for :class:`CaselessLiteral`.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        match_string: str = "",
+        ident_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        matchString: str = "",
+        identChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        identChars = identChars or ident_chars
+        match_string = matchString or match_string
+        super().__init__(match_string, identChars, caseless=True)
+
+
+class CloseMatch(Token):
+    """A variation on :class:`Literal` which matches "close" matches,
+    that is, strings with at most 'n' mismatching characters.
+    :class:`CloseMatch` takes parameters:
+
+    - ``match_string`` - string to be matched
+    - ``caseless`` - a boolean indicating whether to ignore casing when comparing characters
+    - ``max_mismatches`` - (``default=1``) maximum number of
+      mismatches allowed to count as a match
+
+    The results from a successful parse will contain the matched text
+    from the input string and the following named results:
+
+    - ``mismatches`` - a list of the positions within the
+      match_string where mismatches were found
+    - ``original`` - the original match_string used to compare
+      against the input string
+
+    If ``mismatches`` is an empty list, then the match was an exact
+    match.
+
+    Example::
+
+        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA")
+        patt.parse_string("ATCATCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+        patt.parse_string("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> Exception: Expected 'ATCATCGAATGGA' (with up to 1 mismatches) (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+
+        # exact match
+        patt.parse_string("ATCATCGAATGGA") # -> (['ATCATCGAATGGA'], {'mismatches': [[]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+
+        # close match allowing up to 2 mismatches
+        patt = CloseMatch("ATCATCGAATGGA", max_mismatches=2)
+        patt.parse_string("ATCAXCGAAXGGA") # -> (['ATCAXCGAAXGGA'], {'mismatches': [[4, 9]], 'original': ['ATCATCGAATGGA']})
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        match_string: str,
+        max_mismatches: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        maxMismatches: int = 1,
+        caseless=False,
+    ):
+        maxMismatches = max_mismatches if max_mismatches is not None else maxMismatches
+        super().__init__()
+        self.match_string = match_string
+        self.maxMismatches = maxMismatches
+        self.errmsg = f"Expected {self.match_string!r} (with up to {self.maxMismatches} mismatches)"
+        self.caseless = caseless
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}:{self.match_string!r}"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        start = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        maxloc = start + len(self.match_string)
+
+        if maxloc <= instrlen:
+            match_string = self.match_string
+            match_stringloc = 0
+            mismatches = []
+            maxMismatches = self.maxMismatches
+
+            for match_stringloc, s_m in enumerate(
+                zip(instring[loc:maxloc], match_string)
+            ):
+                src, mat = s_m
+                if self.caseless:
+                    src, mat = src.lower(), mat.lower()
+
+                if src != mat:
+                    mismatches.append(match_stringloc)
+                    if len(mismatches) > maxMismatches:
+                        break
+            else:
+                loc = start + match_stringloc + 1
+                results = ParseResults([instring[start:loc]])
+                results["original"] = match_string
+                results["mismatches"] = mismatches
+                return loc, results
+
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class Word(Token):
+    """Token for matching words composed of allowed character sets.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``init_chars`` - string of all characters that should be used to
+      match as a word; "ABC" will match "AAA", "ABAB", "CBAC", etc.;
+      if ``body_chars`` is also specified, then this is the string of
+      initial characters
+    - ``body_chars`` - string of characters that
+      can be used for matching after a matched initial character as
+      given in ``init_chars``; if omitted, same as the initial characters
+      (default=``None``)
+    - ``min`` - minimum number of characters to match (default=1)
+    - ``max`` - maximum number of characters to match (default=0)
+    - ``exact`` - exact number of characters to match (default=0)
+    - ``as_keyword`` - match as a keyword (default=``False``)
+    - ``exclude_chars`` - characters that might be
+      found in the input ``body_chars`` string but which should not be
+      accepted for matching ;useful to define a word of all
+      printables except for one or two characters, for instance
+      (default=``None``)
+
+    :class:`srange` is useful for defining custom character set strings
+    for defining :class:`Word` expressions, using range notation from
+    regular expression character sets.
+
+    A common mistake is to use :class:`Word` to match a specific literal
+    string, as in ``Word("Address")``. Remember that :class:`Word`
+    uses the string argument to define *sets* of matchable characters.
+    This expression would match "Add", "AAA", "dAred", or any other word
+    made up of the characters 'A', 'd', 'r', 'e', and 's'. To match an
+    exact literal string, use :class:`Literal` or :class:`Keyword`.
+
+    pyparsing includes helper strings for building Words:
+
+    - :class:`alphas`
+    - :class:`nums`
+    - :class:`alphanums`
+    - :class:`hexnums`
+    - :class:`alphas8bit` (alphabetic characters in ASCII range 128-255
+      - accented, tilded, umlauted, etc.)
+    - :class:`punc8bit` (non-alphabetic characters in ASCII range
+      128-255 - currency, symbols, superscripts, diacriticals, etc.)
+    - :class:`printables` (any non-whitespace character)
+
+    ``alphas``, ``nums``, and ``printables`` are also defined in several
+    Unicode sets - see :class:`pyparsing_unicode``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # a word composed of digits
+        integer = Word(nums) # equivalent to Word("0123456789") or Word(srange("0-9"))
+
+        # a word with a leading capital, and zero or more lowercase
+        capital_word = Word(alphas.upper(), alphas.lower())
+
+        # hostnames are alphanumeric, with leading alpha, and '-'
+        hostname = Word(alphas, alphanums + '-')
+
+        # roman numeral (not a strict parser, accepts invalid mix of characters)
+        roman = Word("IVXLCDM")
+
+        # any string of non-whitespace characters, except for ','
+        csv_value = Word(printables, exclude_chars=",")
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        init_chars: str = "",
+        body_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        min: int = 1,
+        max: int = 0,
+        exact: int = 0,
+        as_keyword: bool = False,
+        exclude_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        initChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        bodyChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        asKeyword: bool = False,
+        excludeChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        initChars = initChars or init_chars
+        bodyChars = bodyChars or body_chars
+        asKeyword = asKeyword or as_keyword
+        excludeChars = excludeChars or exclude_chars
+        super().__init__()
+        if not initChars:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid {type(self).__name__}, initChars cannot be empty string"
+            )
+
+        initChars_set = set(initChars)
+        if excludeChars:
+            excludeChars_set = set(excludeChars)
+            initChars_set -= excludeChars_set
+            if bodyChars:
+                bodyChars = "".join(set(bodyChars) - excludeChars_set)
+        self.initChars = initChars_set
+        self.initCharsOrig = "".join(sorted(initChars_set))
+
+        if bodyChars:
+            self.bodyChars = set(bodyChars)
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = "".join(sorted(bodyChars))
+        else:
+            self.bodyChars = initChars_set
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = self.initCharsOrig
+
+        self.maxSpecified = max > 0
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Opt(Word()) if zero-length word is permitted"
+            )
+
+        if self.maxSpecified and min > max:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid args, if min and max both specified min must be <= max (min={min}, max={max})"
+            )
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            min = max = exact
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.asKeyword = asKeyword
+        if self.asKeyword:
+            self.errmsg += " as a keyword"
+
+        # see if we can make a regex for this Word
+        if " " not in (self.initChars | self.bodyChars):
+            if len(self.initChars) == 1:
+                re_leading_fragment = re.escape(self.initCharsOrig)
+            else:
+                re_leading_fragment = f"[{_collapse_string_to_ranges(self.initChars)}]"
+
+            if self.bodyChars == self.initChars:
+                if max == 0:
+                    repeat = "+"
+                elif max == 1:
+                    repeat = ""
+                else:
+                    if self.minLen != self.maxLen:
+                        repeat = f"{{{self.minLen},{'' if self.maxLen == _MAX_INT else self.maxLen}}}"
+                    else:
+                        repeat = f"{{{self.minLen}}}"
+                self.reString = f"{re_leading_fragment}{repeat}"
+            else:
+                if max == 1:
+                    re_body_fragment = ""
+                    repeat = ""
+                else:
+                    re_body_fragment = f"[{_collapse_string_to_ranges(self.bodyChars)}]"
+                    if max == 0:
+                        repeat = "*"
+                    elif max == 2:
+                        repeat = "?" if min <= 1 else ""
+                    else:
+                        if min != max:
+                            repeat = f"{{{min - 1 if min > 0 else 0},{max - 1}}}"
+                        else:
+                            repeat = f"{{{min - 1 if min > 0 else 0}}}"
+
+                self.reString = (
+                    f"{re_leading_fragment}" f"{re_body_fragment}" f"{repeat}"
+                )
+
+            if self.asKeyword:
+                self.reString = rf"\b{self.reString}\b"
+
+            try:
+                self.re = re.compile(self.reString)
+            except re.error:
+                self.re = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            else:
+                self.re_match = self.re.match
+                self.parseImpl = self.parseImpl_regex  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        def charsAsStr(s):
+            max_repr_len = 16
+            s = _collapse_string_to_ranges(s, re_escape=False)
+            if len(s) > max_repr_len:
+                return s[: max_repr_len - 3] + "..."
+            else:
+                return s
+
+        if self.initChars != self.bodyChars:
+            base = f"W:({charsAsStr(self.initChars)}, {charsAsStr(self.bodyChars)})"
+        else:
+            base = f"W:({charsAsStr(self.initChars)})"
+
+        # add length specification
+        if self.minLen > 1 or self.maxLen != _MAX_INT:
+            if self.minLen == self.maxLen:
+                if self.minLen == 1:
+                    return base[2:]
+                else:
+                    return base + f"{{{self.minLen}}}"
+            elif self.maxLen == _MAX_INT:
+                return base + f"{{{self.minLen},...}}"
+            else:
+                return base + f"{{{self.minLen},{self.maxLen}}}"
+        return base
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] not in self.initChars:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        bodychars = self.bodyChars
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min(maxloc, instrlen)
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            loc += 1
+
+        throwException = False
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            throwException = True
+        elif self.maxSpecified and loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            throwException = True
+        elif self.asKeyword:
+            if (
+                start > 0
+                and instring[start - 1] in bodychars
+                or loc < instrlen
+                and instring[loc] in bodychars
+            ):
+                throwException = True
+
+        if throwException:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+    def parseImpl_regex(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        return loc, result.group()
+
+
+class Char(Word):
+    """A short-cut class for defining :class:`Word` ``(characters, exact=1)``,
+    when defining a match of any single character in a string of
+    characters.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        charset: str,
+        as_keyword: bool = False,
+        exclude_chars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        asKeyword: bool = False,
+        excludeChars: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        asKeyword = asKeyword or as_keyword
+        excludeChars = excludeChars or exclude_chars
+        super().__init__(
+            charset, exact=1, as_keyword=asKeyword, exclude_chars=excludeChars
+        )
+
+
+class Regex(Token):
+    r"""Token for matching strings that match a given regular
+    expression. Defined with string specifying the regular expression in
+    a form recognized by the stdlib Python  `re module <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html>`_.
+    If the given regex contains named groups (defined using ``(?P<name>...)``),
+    these will be preserved as named :class:`ParseResults`.
+
+    If instead of the Python stdlib ``re`` module you wish to use a different RE module
+    (such as the ``regex`` module), you can do so by building your ``Regex`` object with
+    a compiled RE that was compiled using ``regex``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        realnum = Regex(r"[+-]?\d+\.\d*")
+        # ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/267399/how-do-you-match-only-valid-roman-numerals-with-a-regular-expression
+        roman = Regex(r"M{0,4}(CM|CD|D?{0,3})(XC|XL|L?X{0,3})(IX|IV|V?I{0,3})")
+
+        # named fields in a regex will be returned as named results
+        date = Regex(r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d\d?)-(?P<day>\d\d?)')
+
+        # the Regex class will accept re's compiled using the regex module
+        import regex
+        parser = pp.Regex(regex.compile(r'[0-9]'))
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pattern: Any,
+        flags: Union[re.RegexFlag, int] = 0,
+        as_group_list: bool = False,
+        as_match: bool = False,
+        *,
+        asGroupList: bool = False,
+        asMatch: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """The parameters ``pattern`` and ``flags`` are passed
+        to the ``re.compile()`` function as-is. See the Python
+        `re module <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html>`_ module for an
+        explanation of the acceptable patterns and flags.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        asGroupList = asGroupList or as_group_list
+        asMatch = asMatch or as_match
+
+        if isinstance(pattern, str_type):
+            if not pattern:
+                raise ValueError("null string passed to Regex; use Empty() instead")
+
+            self._re = None
+            self.reString = self.pattern = pattern
+            self.flags = flags
+
+        elif hasattr(pattern, "pattern") and hasattr(pattern, "match"):
+            self._re = pattern
+            self.pattern = self.reString = pattern.pattern
+            self.flags = flags
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Regex may only be constructed with a string or a compiled RE object"
+            )
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.asGroupList = asGroupList
+        self.asMatch = asMatch
+        if self.asGroupList:
+            self.parseImpl = self.parseImplAsGroupList  # type: ignore [assignment]
+        if self.asMatch:
+            self.parseImpl = self.parseImplAsMatch  # type: ignore [assignment]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def re(self):
+        if self._re:
+            return self._re
+        else:
+            try:
+                return re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+            except re.error:
+                raise ValueError(f"invalid pattern ({self.pattern!r}) passed to Regex")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def re_match(self):
+        return self.re.match
+
+    @cached_property
+    def mayReturnEmpty(self):
+        return self.re_match("") is not None
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "Re:({})".format(repr(self.pattern).replace("\\\\", "\\"))
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = ParseResults(result.group())
+        d = result.groupdict()
+        if d:
+            for k, v in d.items():
+                ret[k] = v
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def parseImplAsGroupList(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result.groups()
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def parseImplAsMatch(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = self.re_match(instring, loc)
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def sub(self, repl: str) -> ParserElement:
+        r"""
+        Return :class:`Regex` with an attached parse action to transform the parsed
+        result as if called using `re.sub(expr, repl, string) <https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.sub>`_.
+
+        Example::
+
+            make_html = Regex(r"(\w+):(.*?):").sub(r"<\1>\2</\1>")
+            print(make_html.transform_string("h1:main title:"))
+            # prints "<h1>main title</h1>"
+        """
+        if self.asGroupList:
+            raise TypeError("cannot use sub() with Regex(as_group_list=True)")
+
+        if self.asMatch and callable(repl):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "cannot use sub() with a callable with Regex(as_match=True)"
+            )
+
+        if self.asMatch:
+
+            def pa(tokens):
+                return tokens[0].expand(repl)
+
+        else:
+
+            def pa(tokens):
+                return self.re.sub(repl, tokens[0])
+
+        return self.add_parse_action(pa)
+
+
+class QuotedString(Token):
+    r"""
+    Token for matching strings that are delimited by quoting characters.
+
+    Defined with the following parameters:
+
+    - ``quote_char`` - string of one or more characters defining the
+      quote delimiting string
+    - ``esc_char`` - character to re_escape quotes, typically backslash
+      (default= ``None``)
+    - ``esc_quote`` - special quote sequence to re_escape an embedded quote
+      string (such as SQL's ``""`` to re_escape an embedded ``"``)
+      (default= ``None``)
+    - ``multiline`` - boolean indicating whether quotes can span
+      multiple lines (default= ``False``)
+    - ``unquote_results`` - boolean indicating whether the matched text
+      should be unquoted (default= ``True``)
+    - ``end_quote_char`` - string of one or more characters defining the
+      end of the quote delimited string (default= ``None``  => same as
+      quote_char)
+    - ``convert_whitespace_escapes`` - convert escaped whitespace
+      (``'\t'``, ``'\n'``, etc.) to actual whitespace
+      (default= ``True``)
+
+    Example::
+
+        qs = QuotedString('"')
+        print(qs.search_string('lsjdf "This is the quote" sldjf'))
+        complex_qs = QuotedString('{{', end_quote_char='}}')
+        print(complex_qs.search_string('lsjdf {{This is the "quote"}} sldjf'))
+        sql_qs = QuotedString('"', esc_quote='""')
+        print(sql_qs.search_string('lsjdf "This is the quote with ""embedded"" quotes" sldjf'))
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['This is the quote']]
+        [['This is the "quote"']]
+        [['This is the quote with "embedded" quotes']]
+    """
+    ws_map = dict(((r"\t", "\t"), (r"\n", "\n"), (r"\f", "\f"), (r"\r", "\r")))
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        quote_char: str = "",
+        esc_char: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        esc_quote: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        multiline: bool = False,
+        unquote_results: bool = True,
+        end_quote_char: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        convert_whitespace_escapes: bool = True,
+        *,
+        quoteChar: str = "",
+        escChar: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        escQuote: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        unquoteResults: bool = True,
+        endQuoteChar: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        convertWhitespaceEscapes: bool = True,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        escChar = escChar or esc_char
+        escQuote = escQuote or esc_quote
+        unquoteResults = unquoteResults and unquote_results
+        endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar or end_quote_char
+        convertWhitespaceEscapes = (
+            convertWhitespaceEscapes and convert_whitespace_escapes
+        )
+        quote_char = quoteChar or quote_char
+
+        # remove white space from quote chars - wont work anyway
+        quote_char = quote_char.strip()
+        if not quote_char:
+            raise ValueError("quote_char cannot be the empty string")
+
+        if endQuoteChar is None:
+            endQuoteChar = quote_char
+        else:
+            endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar.strip()
+            if not endQuoteChar:
+                raise ValueError("end_quote_char cannot be the empty string")
+
+        self.quoteChar: str = quote_char
+        self.quoteCharLen: int = len(quote_char)
+        self.firstQuoteChar: str = quote_char[0]
+        self.endQuoteChar: str = endQuoteChar
+        self.endQuoteCharLen: int = len(endQuoteChar)
+        self.escChar: str = escChar or ""
+        self.escQuote: str = escQuote or ""
+        self.unquoteResults: bool = unquoteResults
+        self.convertWhitespaceEscapes: bool = convertWhitespaceEscapes
+        self.multiline = multiline
+
+        sep = ""
+        inner_pattern = ""
+
+        if escQuote:
+            inner_pattern += rf"{sep}(?:{re.escape(escQuote)})"
+            sep = "|"
+
+        if escChar:
+            inner_pattern += rf"{sep}(?:{re.escape(escChar)}.)"
+            sep = "|"
+            self.escCharReplacePattern = re.escape(escChar) + "(.)"
+
+        if len(self.endQuoteChar) > 1:
+            inner_pattern += (
+                f"{sep}(?:"
+                + "|".join(
+                    f"(?:{re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[:i])}(?!{re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[i:])}))"
+                    for i in range(len(self.endQuoteChar) - 1, 0, -1)
+                )
+                + ")"
+            )
+            sep = "|"
+
+        self.flags = re.RegexFlag(0)
+
+        if multiline:
+            self.flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
+            inner_pattern += (
+                rf"{sep}(?:[^{_escape_regex_range_chars(self.endQuoteChar[0])}"
+                rf"{(_escape_regex_range_chars(escChar) if escChar is not None else '')}])"
+            )
+        else:
+            inner_pattern += (
+                rf"{sep}(?:[^{_escape_regex_range_chars(self.endQuoteChar[0])}\n\r"
+                rf"{(_escape_regex_range_chars(escChar) if escChar is not None else '')}])"
+            )
+
+        self.pattern = "".join(
+            [
+                re.escape(self.quoteChar),
+                "(?:",
+                inner_pattern,
+                ")*",
+                re.escape(self.endQuoteChar),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        if self.unquoteResults:
+            if self.convertWhitespaceEscapes:
+                self.unquote_scan_re = re.compile(
+                    rf"({'|'.join(re.escape(k) for k in self.ws_map)})|({re.escape(self.escChar)}.)|(\n|.)",
+                    flags=self.flags,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.unquote_scan_re = re.compile(
+                    rf"({re.escape(self.escChar)}.)|(\n|.)", flags=self.flags
+                )
+
+        try:
+            self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+            self.reString = self.pattern
+            self.re_match = self.re.match
+        except re.error:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid pattern {self.pattern!r} passed to Regex")
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        if self.quoteChar == self.endQuoteChar and isinstance(self.quoteChar, str_type):
+            return f"string enclosed in {self.quoteChar!r}"
+
+        return f"quoted string, starting with {self.quoteChar} ending with {self.endQuoteChar}"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        result = (
+            instring[loc] == self.firstQuoteChar
+            and self.re_match(instring, loc)
+            or None
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result.group()
+
+        if self.unquoteResults:
+            # strip off quotes
+            ret = ret[self.quoteCharLen : -self.endQuoteCharLen]
+
+            if isinstance(ret, str_type):
+                if self.convertWhitespaceEscapes:
+                    ret = "".join(
+                        self.ws_map[match.group(1)]
+                        if match.group(1)
+                        else match.group(2)[-1]
+                        if match.group(2)
+                        else match.group(3)
+                        for match in self.unquote_scan_re.finditer(ret)
+                    )
+                else:
+                    ret = "".join(
+                        match.group(1)[-1] if match.group(1) else match.group(2)
+                        for match in self.unquote_scan_re.finditer(ret)
+                    )
+
+                # replace escaped quotes
+                if self.escQuote:
+                    ret = ret.replace(self.escQuote, self.endQuoteChar)
+
+        return loc, ret
+
+
+class CharsNotIn(Token):
+    """Token for matching words composed of characters *not* in a given
+    set (will include whitespace in matched characters if not listed in
+    the provided exclusion set - see example). Defined with string
+    containing all disallowed characters, and an optional minimum,
+    maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for ``min`` is
+    1 (a minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for
+    ``max`` and ``exact`` are 0, meaning no maximum or exact
+    length restriction.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # define a comma-separated-value as anything that is not a ','
+        csv_value = CharsNotIn(',')
+        print(DelimitedList(csv_value).parse_string("dkls,lsdkjf,s12 34,@!#,213"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['dkls', 'lsdkjf', 's12 34', '@!#', '213']
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        not_chars: str = "",
+        min: int = 1,
+        max: int = 0,
+        exact: int = 0,
+        *,
+        notChars: str = "",
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.notChars = not_chars or notChars
+        self.notCharsSet = set(self.notChars)
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use "
+                "Opt(CharsNotIn()) if zero-length char group is permitted"
+            )
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.minLen == 0
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        not_chars_str = _collapse_string_to_ranges(self.notChars)
+        if len(not_chars_str) > 16:
+            return f"!W:({self.notChars[: 16 - 3]}...)"
+        else:
+            return f"!W:({self.notChars})"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        notchars = self.notCharsSet
+        if instring[loc] in notchars:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        maxlen = min(start + self.maxLen, len(instring))
+        while loc < maxlen and instring[loc] not in notchars:
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+
+class White(Token):
+    """Special matching class for matching whitespace.  Normally,
+    whitespace is ignored by pyparsing grammars.  This class is included
+    when some whitespace structures are significant.  Define with
+    a string containing the whitespace characters to be matched; default
+    is ``" \\t\\r\\n"``.  Also takes optional ``min``,
+    ``max``, and ``exact`` arguments, as defined for the
+    :class:`Word` class.
+    """
+
+    whiteStrs = {
+        " ": "<SP>",
+        "\t": "<TAB>",
+        "\n": "<LF>",
+        "\r": "<CR>",
+        "\f": "<FF>",
+        "\u00A0": "<NBSP>",
+        "\u1680": "<OGHAM_SPACE_MARK>",
+        "\u180E": "<MONGOLIAN_VOWEL_SEPARATOR>",
+        "\u2000": "<EN_QUAD>",
+        "\u2001": "<EM_QUAD>",
+        "\u2002": "<EN_SPACE>",
+        "\u2003": "<EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2004": "<THREE-PER-EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2005": "<FOUR-PER-EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2006": "<SIX-PER-EM_SPACE>",
+        "\u2007": "<FIGURE_SPACE>",
+        "\u2008": "<PUNCTUATION_SPACE>",
+        "\u2009": "<THIN_SPACE>",
+        "\u200A": "<HAIR_SPACE>",
+        "\u200B": "<ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE>",
+        "\u202F": "<NNBSP>",
+        "\u205F": "<MMSP>",
+        "\u3000": "<IDEOGRAPHIC_SPACE>",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, ws: str = " \t\r\n", min: int = 1, max: int = 0, exact: int = 0):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.matchWhite = ws
+        self.set_whitespace_chars(
+            "".join(c for c in self.whiteStrs if c not in self.matchWhite),
+            copy_defaults=True,
+        )
+        # self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(White.whiteStrs[c] for c in self.matchWhite)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if instring[loc] not in self.matchWhite:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min(maxloc, len(instring))
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in self.matchWhite:
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+
+class PositionToken(Token):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+
+class GoToColumn(PositionToken):
+    """Token to advance to a specific column of input text; useful for
+    tabular report scraping.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, colno: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.col = colno
+
+    def preParse(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if col(loc, instring) != self.col:
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            if self.ignoreExprs:
+                loc = self._skipIgnorables(instring, loc)
+            while (
+                loc < instrlen
+                and instring[loc].isspace()
+                and col(loc, instring) != self.col
+            ):
+                loc += 1
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        thiscol = col(loc, instring)
+        if thiscol > self.col:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "Text not in expected column", self)
+        newloc = loc + self.col - thiscol
+        ret = instring[loc:newloc]
+        return newloc, ret
+
+
+class LineStart(PositionToken):
+    r"""Matches if current position is at the beginning of a line within
+    the parse string
+
+    Example::
+
+        test = '''\
+        AAA this line
+        AAA and this line
+          AAA but not this one
+        B AAA and definitely not this one
+        '''
+
+        for t in (LineStart() + 'AAA' + rest_of_line).search_string(test):
+            print(t)
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['AAA', ' this line']
+        ['AAA', ' and this line']
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.orig_whiteChars = set() | self.whiteChars
+        self.whiteChars.discard("\n")
+        self.skipper = Empty().set_whitespace_chars(self.whiteChars)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of line"
+
+    def preParse(self, instring: str, loc: int) -> int:
+        if loc == 0:
+            return loc
+        else:
+            ret = self.skipper.preParse(instring, loc)
+            if "\n" in self.orig_whiteChars:
+                while instring[ret : ret + 1] == "\n":
+                    ret = self.skipper.preParse(instring, ret + 1)
+            return ret
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if col(loc, instring) == 1:
+            return loc, []
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class LineEnd(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the end of a line within the
+    parse string
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.whiteChars.discard("\n")
+        self.set_whitespace_chars(self.whiteChars, copy_defaults=False)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of line"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc < len(instring):
+            if instring[loc] == "\n":
+                return loc + 1, "\n"
+            else:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        elif loc == len(instring):
+            return loc + 1, []
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class StringStart(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the beginning of the parse
+    string
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of text"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc != 0:
+            # see if entire string up to here is just whitespace and ignoreables
+            if loc != self.preParse(instring, 0):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class StringEnd(PositionToken):
+    """
+    Matches if current position is at the end of the parse string
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of text"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc < len(instring):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        elif loc == len(instring):
+            return loc + 1, []
+        elif loc > len(instring):
+            return loc, []
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+
+class WordStart(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if the current position is at the beginning of a
+    :class:`Word`, and is not preceded by any character in a given
+    set of ``word_chars`` (default= ``printables``). To emulate the
+    ``\b`` behavior of regular expressions, use
+    ``WordStart(alphanums)``. ``WordStart`` will also match at
+    the beginning of the string being parsed, or at the beginning of
+    a line.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, word_chars: str = printables, *, wordChars: str = printables):
+        wordChars = word_chars if wordChars == printables else wordChars
+        super().__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the start of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc != 0:
+            if (
+                instring[loc - 1] in self.wordChars
+                or instring[loc] not in self.wordChars
+            ):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class WordEnd(PositionToken):
+    """Matches if the current position is at the end of a :class:`Word`,
+    and is not followed by any character in a given set of ``word_chars``
+    (default= ``printables``). To emulate the ``\b`` behavior of
+    regular expressions, use ``WordEnd(alphanums)``. ``WordEnd``
+    will also match at the end of the string being parsed, or at the end
+    of a line.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, word_chars: str = printables, *, wordChars: str = printables):
+        wordChars = word_chars if wordChars == printables else wordChars
+        super().__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the end of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        if instrlen > 0 and loc < instrlen:
+            if (
+                instring[loc] in self.wordChars
+                or instring[loc - 1] not in self.wordChars
+            ):
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class ParseExpression(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract subclass of ParserElement, for combining and
+    post-processing parsed tokens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(savelist)
+        self.exprs: List[ParserElement]
+        if isinstance(exprs, _generatorType):
+            exprs = list(exprs)
+
+        if isinstance(exprs, str_type):
+            self.exprs = [self._literalStringClass(exprs)]
+        elif isinstance(exprs, ParserElement):
+            self.exprs = [exprs]
+        elif isinstance(exprs, Iterable):
+            exprs = list(exprs)
+            # if sequence of strings provided, wrap with Literal
+            if any(isinstance(expr, str_type) for expr in exprs):
+                exprs = (
+                    self._literalStringClass(e) if isinstance(e, str_type) else e
+                    for e in exprs
+                )
+            self.exprs = list(exprs)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.exprs = list(exprs)
+            except TypeError:
+                self.exprs = [exprs]
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def recurse(self) -> List[ParserElement]:
+        return self.exprs[:]
+
+    def append(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        self.exprs.append(other)
+        self._defaultName = None
+        return self
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        """
+        Extends ``leave_whitespace`` defined in base class, and also invokes ``leave_whitespace`` on
+           all contained expressions.
+        """
+        super().leave_whitespace(recursive)
+
+        if recursive:
+            self.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.leave_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        """
+        Extends ``ignore_whitespace`` defined in base class, and also invokes ``leave_whitespace`` on
+           all contained expressions.
+        """
+        super().ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+        if recursive:
+            self.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        if isinstance(other, Suppress):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super().ignore(other)
+                for e in self.exprs:
+                    e.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        else:
+            super().ignore(other)
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        return self
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({str(self.exprs)})"
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.streamlined:
+            return self
+
+        super().streamline()
+
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        # collapse nested :class:`And`'s of the form ``And(And(And(a, b), c), d)`` to ``And(a, b, c, d)``
+        # but only if there are no parse actions or resultsNames on the nested And's
+        # (likewise for :class:`Or`'s and :class:`MatchFirst`'s)
+        if len(self.exprs) == 2:
+            other = self.exprs[0]
+            if (
+                isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+                and not other.parseAction
+                and other.resultsName is None
+                and not other.debug
+            ):
+                self.exprs = other.exprs[:] + [self.exprs[1]]
+                self._defaultName = None
+                self.mayReturnEmpty |= other.mayReturnEmpty
+                self.mayIndexError |= other.mayIndexError
+
+            other = self.exprs[-1]
+            if (
+                isinstance(other, self.__class__)
+                and not other.parseAction
+                and other.resultsName is None
+                and not other.debug
+            ):
+                self.exprs = self.exprs[:-1] + other.exprs[:]
+                self._defaultName = None
+                self.mayReturnEmpty |= other.mayReturnEmpty
+                self.mayIndexError |= other.mayIndexError
+
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + str(self)
+
+        return self
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        tmp = (validateTrace if validateTrace is not None else [])[:] + [self]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.validate(tmp)
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def copy(self) -> ParserElement:
+        ret = super().copy()
+        ret = typing.cast(ParseExpression, ret)
+        ret.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+        return ret
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                if (
+                    isinstance(e, ParserElement)
+                    and e.resultsName
+                    and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+                    not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                ):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                        "collides with {!r} on contained expression".format(
+                            "warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection",
+                            name,
+                            type(self).__name__,
+                            e.resultsName,
+                        ),
+                        stacklevel=3,
+                    )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class And(ParseExpression):
+    """
+    Requires all given :class:`ParseExpression` s to be found in the given order.
+    Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+    May be constructed using the ``'+'`` operator.
+    May also be constructed using the ``'-'`` operator, which will
+    suppress backtracking.
+
+    Example::
+
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        name_expr = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+
+        expr = And([integer("id"), name_expr("name"), integer("age")])
+        # more easily written as:
+        expr = integer("id") + name_expr("name") + integer("age")
+    """
+
+    class _ErrorStop(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self.leave_whitespace()
+
+        def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+            return "-"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, exprs_arg: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = True
+    ):
+        exprs: List[ParserElement] = list(exprs_arg)
+        if exprs and Ellipsis in exprs:
+            tmp = []
+            for i, expr in enumerate(exprs):
+                if expr is Ellipsis:
+                    if i < len(exprs) - 1:
+                        skipto_arg: ParserElement = typing.cast(
+                            ParseExpression, (Empty() + exprs[i + 1])
+                        ).exprs[-1]
+                        tmp.append(SkipTo(skipto_arg)("_skipped*"))
+                    else:
+                        raise Exception(
+                            "cannot construct And with sequence ending in ..."
+                        )
+                else:
+                    tmp.append(expr)
+            exprs[:] = tmp
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            if not isinstance(self.exprs[0], White):
+                self.set_whitespace_chars(
+                    self.exprs[0].whiteChars,
+                    copy_defaults=self.exprs[0].copyDefaultWhiteChars,
+                )
+                self.skipWhitespace = self.exprs[0].skipWhitespace
+            else:
+                self.skipWhitespace = False
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        # collapse any _PendingSkip's
+        if self.exprs:
+            if any(
+                isinstance(e, ParseExpression)
+                and e.exprs
+                and isinstance(e.exprs[-1], _PendingSkip)
+                for e in self.exprs[:-1]
+            ):
+                deleted_expr_marker = NoMatch()
+                for i, e in enumerate(self.exprs[:-1]):
+                    if e is deleted_expr_marker:
+                        continue
+                    if (
+                        isinstance(e, ParseExpression)
+                        and e.exprs
+                        and isinstance(e.exprs[-1], _PendingSkip)
+                    ):
+                        e.exprs[-1] = e.exprs[-1] + self.exprs[i + 1]
+                        self.exprs[i + 1] = deleted_expr_marker
+                self.exprs = [e for e in self.exprs if e is not deleted_expr_marker]
+
+        super().streamline()
+
+        # link any IndentedBlocks to the prior expression
+        prev: ParserElement
+        cur: ParserElement
+        for prev, cur in zip(self.exprs, self.exprs[1:]):
+            # traverse cur or any first embedded expr of cur looking for an IndentedBlock
+            # (but watch out for recursive grammar)
+            seen = set()
+            while True:
+                if id(cur) in seen:
+                    break
+                seen.add(id(cur))
+                if isinstance(cur, IndentedBlock):
+                    prev.add_parse_action(
+                        lambda s, l, t, cur_=cur: setattr(
+                            cur_, "parent_anchor", col(l, s)
+                        )
+                    )
+                    break
+                subs = cur.recurse()
+                next_first = next(iter(subs), None)
+                if next_first is None:
+                    break
+                cur = typing.cast(ParserElement, next_first)
+
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        # pass False as callPreParse arg to _parse for first element, since we already
+        # pre-parsed the string as part of our And pre-parsing
+        loc, resultlist = self.exprs[0]._parse(
+            instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False
+        )
+        errorStop = False
+        for e in self.exprs[1:]:
+            # if isinstance(e, And._ErrorStop):
+            if type(e) is And._ErrorStop:
+                errorStop = True
+                continue
+            if errorStop:
+                try:
+                    loc, exprtokens = e._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+                except ParseSyntaxException:
+                    raise
+                except ParseBaseException as pe:
+                    pe.__traceback__ = None
+                    raise ParseSyntaxException._from_exception(pe)
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseSyntaxException(
+                        instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self
+                    )
+            else:
+                loc, exprtokens = e._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+            resultlist += exprtokens
+        return loc, resultlist
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # And([self, other])
+
+    def _checkRecursion(self, parseElementList):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [self]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e._checkRecursion(subRecCheckList)
+            if not e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                break
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        inner = " ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs)
+        # strip off redundant inner {}'s
+        while len(inner) > 1 and inner[0 :: len(inner) - 1] == "{}":
+            inner = inner[1:-1]
+        return "{" + inner + "}"
+
+
+class Or(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires that at least one :class:`ParseExpression` is found. If
+    two expressions match, the expression that matches the longest
+    string will be used. May be constructed using the ``'^'``
+    operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # construct Or using '^' operator
+
+        number = Word(nums) ^ Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(number.search_string("123 3.1416 789"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['123'], ['3.1416'], ['789']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(e.skipWhitespace for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.saveAsList = any(e.saveAsList for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(
+                e.skipWhitespace and not isinstance(e, White) for e in self.exprs
+            )
+        else:
+            self.saveAsList = False
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+        matches = []
+        fatals = []
+        if all(e.callPreparse for e in self.exprs):
+            loc = self.preParse(instring, loc)
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                loc2 = e.try_parse(instring, loc, raise_fatal=True)
+            except ParseFatalException as pfe:
+                pfe.__traceback__ = None
+                pfe.parser_element = e
+                fatals.append(pfe)
+                maxException = None
+                maxExcLoc = -1
+            except ParseException as err:
+                if not fatals:
+                    err.__traceback__ = None
+                    if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                        maxException = err
+                        maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(
+                        instring, len(instring), e.errmsg, self
+                    )
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+            else:
+                # save match among all matches, to retry longest to shortest
+                matches.append((loc2, e))
+
+        if matches:
+            # re-evaluate all matches in descending order of length of match, in case attached actions
+            # might change whether or how much they match of the input.
+            matches.sort(key=itemgetter(0), reverse=True)
+
+            if not doActions:
+                # no further conditions or parse actions to change the selection of
+                # alternative, so the first match will be the best match
+                best_expr = matches[0][1]
+                return best_expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+
+            longest = -1, None
+            for loc1, expr1 in matches:
+                if loc1 <= longest[0]:
+                    # already have a longer match than this one will deliver, we are done
+                    return longest
+
+                try:
+                    loc2, toks = expr1._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+                except ParseException as err:
+                    err.__traceback__ = None
+                    if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                        maxException = err
+                        maxExcLoc = err.loc
+                else:
+                    if loc2 >= loc1:
+                        return loc2, toks
+                    # didn't match as much as before
+                    elif loc2 > longest[0]:
+                        longest = loc2, toks
+
+            if longest != (-1, None):
+                return longest
+
+        if fatals:
+            if len(fatals) > 1:
+                fatals.sort(key=lambda e: -e.loc)
+                if fatals[0].loc == fatals[1].loc:
+                    fatals.sort(key=lambda e: (-e.loc, -len(str(e.parser_element))))
+            max_fatal = fatals[0]
+            raise max_fatal
+
+        if maxException is not None:
+            # infer from this check that all alternatives failed at the current position
+            # so emit this collective error message instead of any single error message
+            if maxExcLoc == loc:
+                maxException.msg = self.errmsg
+            raise maxException
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(
+                instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self
+            )
+
+    def __ixor__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # Or([self, other])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + " ^ ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            if any(
+                isinstance(e, And)
+                and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+                not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                for e in self.exprs
+            ):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                    "will return a list of all parsed tokens in an And alternative, "
+                    "in prior versions only the first token was returned; enclose "
+                    "contained argument in Group".format(
+                        "warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation",
+                        name,
+                        type(self).__name__,
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+
+class MatchFirst(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires that at least one :class:`ParseExpression` is found. If
+    more than one expression matches, the first one listed is the one that will
+    match. May be constructed using the ``'|'`` operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # construct MatchFirst using '|' operator
+
+        # watch the order of expressions to match
+        number = Word(nums) | Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(number.search_string("123 3.1416 789")) #  Fail! -> [['123'], ['3'], ['1416'], ['789']]
+
+        # put more selective expression first
+        number = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)) | Word(nums)
+        print(number.search_string("123 3.1416 789")) #  Better -> [['123'], ['3.1416'], ['789']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(e.skipWhitespace for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.streamlined:
+            return self
+
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.saveAsList = any(e.saveAsList for e in self.exprs)
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = any(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+            self.skipWhitespace = all(
+                e.skipWhitespace and not isinstance(e, White) for e in self.exprs
+            )
+        else:
+            self.saveAsList = False
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                return e._parse(
+                    instring,
+                    loc,
+                    doActions,
+                )
+            except ParseFatalException as pfe:
+                pfe.__traceback__ = None
+                pfe.parser_element = e
+                raise
+            except ParseException as err:
+                if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = err
+                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(
+                        instring, len(instring), e.errmsg, self
+                    )
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+
+        if maxException is not None:
+            # infer from this check that all alternatives failed at the current position
+            # so emit this collective error message instead of any individual error message
+            if maxExcLoc == loc:
+                maxException.msg = self.errmsg
+            raise maxException
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(
+                instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self
+            )
+
+    def __ior__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # MatchFirst([self, other])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + " | ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            if any(
+                isinstance(e, And)
+                and Diagnostics.warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation
+                not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                for e in self.exprs
+            ):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                    "will return a list of all parsed tokens in an And alternative, "
+                    "in prior versions only the first token was returned; enclose "
+                    "contained argument in Group".format(
+                        "warn_multiple_tokens_in_named_alternation",
+                        name,
+                        type(self).__name__,
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+
+class Each(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires all given :class:`ParseExpression` s to be found, but in
+    any order. Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+
+    May be constructed using the ``'&'`` operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        color = one_of("RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE PURPLE BLACK WHITE BROWN")
+        shape_type = one_of("SQUARE CIRCLE TRIANGLE STAR HEXAGON OCTAGON")
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        shape_attr = "shape:" + shape_type("shape")
+        posn_attr = "posn:" + Group(integer("x") + ',' + integer("y"))("posn")
+        color_attr = "color:" + color("color")
+        size_attr = "size:" + integer("size")
+
+        # use Each (using operator '&') to accept attributes in any order
+        # (shape and posn are required, color and size are optional)
+        shape_spec = shape_attr & posn_attr & Opt(color_attr) & Opt(size_attr)
+
+        shape_spec.run_tests('''
+            shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
+            shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
+            color:GREEN size:20 shape:TRIANGLE posn:20,40
+            '''
+            )
+
+    prints::
+
+        shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: 100, 120
+        ['shape:', 'SQUARE', 'color:', 'BLACK', 'posn:', ['100', ',', '120']]
+        - color: BLACK
+        - posn: ['100', ',', '120']
+          - x: 100
+          - y: 120
+        - shape: SQUARE
+
+
+        shape: CIRCLE size: 50 color: BLUE posn: 50,80
+        ['shape:', 'CIRCLE', 'size:', '50', 'color:', 'BLUE', 'posn:', ['50', ',', '80']]
+        - color: BLUE
+        - posn: ['50', ',', '80']
+          - x: 50
+          - y: 80
+        - shape: CIRCLE
+        - size: 50
+
+
+        color: GREEN size: 20 shape: TRIANGLE posn: 20,40
+        ['color:', 'GREEN', 'size:', '20', 'shape:', 'TRIANGLE', 'posn:', ['20', ',', '40']]
+        - color: GREEN
+        - posn: ['20', ',', '40']
+          - x: 20
+          - y: 40
+        - shape: TRIANGLE
+        - size: 20
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, exprs: typing.Iterable[ParserElement], savelist: bool = True):
+        super().__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.initExprGroups = True
+        self.saveAsList = True
+
+    def __iand__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.append(other)  # Each([self, other])
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = all(e.mayReturnEmpty for e in self.exprs)
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if self.initExprGroups:
+            self.opt1map = dict(
+                (id(e.expr), e) for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e, Opt)
+            )
+            opt1 = [e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e, Opt)]
+            opt2 = [
+                e
+                for e in self.exprs
+                if e.mayReturnEmpty and not isinstance(e, (Opt, Regex, ZeroOrMore))
+            ]
+            self.optionals = opt1 + opt2
+            self.multioptionals = [
+                e.expr.set_results_name(e.resultsName, list_all_matches=True)
+                for e in self.exprs
+                if isinstance(e, _MultipleMatch)
+            ]
+            self.multirequired = [
+                e.expr.set_results_name(e.resultsName, list_all_matches=True)
+                for e in self.exprs
+                if isinstance(e, OneOrMore)
+            ]
+            self.required = [
+                e for e in self.exprs if not isinstance(e, (Opt, ZeroOrMore, OneOrMore))
+            ]
+            self.required += self.multirequired
+            self.initExprGroups = False
+
+        tmpLoc = loc
+        tmpReqd = self.required[:]
+        tmpOpt = self.optionals[:]
+        multis = self.multioptionals[:]
+        matchOrder = []
+
+        keepMatching = True
+        failed = []
+        fatals = []
+        while keepMatching:
+            tmpExprs = tmpReqd + tmpOpt + multis
+            failed.clear()
+            fatals.clear()
+            for e in tmpExprs:
+                try:
+                    tmpLoc = e.try_parse(instring, tmpLoc, raise_fatal=True)
+                except ParseFatalException as pfe:
+                    pfe.__traceback__ = None
+                    pfe.parser_element = e
+                    fatals.append(pfe)
+                    failed.append(e)
+                except ParseException:
+                    failed.append(e)
+                else:
+                    matchOrder.append(self.opt1map.get(id(e), e))
+                    if e in tmpReqd:
+                        tmpReqd.remove(e)
+                    elif e in tmpOpt:
+                        tmpOpt.remove(e)
+            if len(failed) == len(tmpExprs):
+                keepMatching = False
+
+        # look for any ParseFatalExceptions
+        if fatals:
+            if len(fatals) > 1:
+                fatals.sort(key=lambda e: -e.loc)
+                if fatals[0].loc == fatals[1].loc:
+                    fatals.sort(key=lambda e: (-e.loc, -len(str(e.parser_element))))
+            max_fatal = fatals[0]
+            raise max_fatal
+
+        if tmpReqd:
+            missing = ", ".join([str(e) for e in tmpReqd])
+            raise ParseException(
+                instring,
+                loc,
+                f"Missing one or more required elements ({missing})",
+            )
+
+        # add any unmatched Opts, in case they have default values defined
+        matchOrder += [e for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e, Opt) and e.expr in tmpOpt]
+
+        total_results = ParseResults([])
+        for e in matchOrder:
+            loc, results = e._parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+            total_results += results
+
+        return loc, total_results
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + " & ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+
+
+class ParseElementEnhance(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract subclass of :class:`ParserElement`, for combining and
+    post-processing parsed tokens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], savelist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(savelist)
+        if isinstance(expr, str_type):
+            expr_str = typing.cast(str, expr)
+            if issubclass(self._literalStringClass, Token):
+                expr = self._literalStringClass(expr_str)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+            elif issubclass(type(self), self._literalStringClass):
+                expr = Literal(expr_str)
+            else:
+                expr = self._literalStringClass(Literal(expr_str))  # type: ignore[assignment, call-arg]
+        expr = typing.cast(ParserElement, expr)
+        self.expr = expr
+        if expr is not None:
+            self.mayIndexError = expr.mayIndexError
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = expr.mayReturnEmpty
+            self.set_whitespace_chars(
+                expr.whiteChars, copy_defaults=expr.copyDefaultWhiteChars
+            )
+            self.skipWhitespace = expr.skipWhitespace
+            self.saveAsList = expr.saveAsList
+            self.callPreparse = expr.callPreparse
+            self.ignoreExprs.extend(expr.ignoreExprs)
+
+    def recurse(self) -> List[ParserElement]:
+        return [self.expr] if self.expr is not None else []
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            try:
+                return self.expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+            except ParseBaseException as pbe:
+                pbe.msg = self.errmsg
+                raise
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "No expression defined", self)
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        super().leave_whitespace(recursive)
+
+        if recursive:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr = self.expr.copy()
+                self.expr.leave_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        super().ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+
+        if recursive:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr = self.expr.copy()
+                self.expr.ignore_whitespace(recursive)
+        return self
+
+    def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        if isinstance(other, Suppress):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super().ignore(other)
+                if self.expr is not None:
+                    self.expr.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        else:
+            super().ignore(other)
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.ignore(self.ignoreExprs[-1])
+        return self
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        super().streamline()
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def _checkRecursion(self, parseElementList):
+        if self in parseElementList:
+            raise RecursiveGrammarException(parseElementList + [self])
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [self]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr._checkRecursion(subRecCheckList)
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if validateTrace is None:
+            validateTrace = []
+        tmp = validateTrace[:] + [self]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({str(self.expr)})"
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class IndentedBlock(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Expression to match one or more expressions at a given indentation level.
+    Useful for parsing text where structure is implied by indentation (like Python source code).
+    """
+
+    class _Indent(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, ref_col: int):
+            super().__init__()
+            self.errmsg = f"expected indent at column {ref_col}"
+            self.add_condition(lambda s, l, t: col(l, s) == ref_col)
+
+    class _IndentGreater(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, ref_col: int):
+            super().__init__()
+            self.errmsg = f"expected indent at column greater than {ref_col}"
+            self.add_condition(lambda s, l, t: col(l, s) > ref_col)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, expr: ParserElement, *, recursive: bool = False, grouped: bool = True
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr, savelist=True)
+        # if recursive:
+        #     raise NotImplementedError("IndentedBlock with recursive is not implemented")
+        self._recursive = recursive
+        self._grouped = grouped
+        self.parent_anchor = 1
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        # advance parse position to non-whitespace by using an Empty()
+        # this should be the column to be used for all subsequent indented lines
+        anchor_loc = Empty().preParse(instring, loc)
+
+        # see if self.expr matches at the current location - if not it will raise an exception
+        # and no further work is necessary
+        self.expr.try_parse(instring, anchor_loc, do_actions=doActions)
+
+        indent_col = col(anchor_loc, instring)
+        peer_detect_expr = self._Indent(indent_col)
+
+        inner_expr = Empty() + peer_detect_expr + self.expr
+        if self._recursive:
+            sub_indent = self._IndentGreater(indent_col)
+            nested_block = IndentedBlock(
+                self.expr, recursive=self._recursive, grouped=self._grouped
+            )
+            nested_block.set_debug(self.debug)
+            nested_block.parent_anchor = indent_col
+            inner_expr += Opt(sub_indent + nested_block)
+
+        inner_expr.set_name(f"inner {hex(id(inner_expr))[-4:].upper()}@{indent_col}")
+        block = OneOrMore(inner_expr)
+
+        trailing_undent = self._Indent(self.parent_anchor) | StringEnd()
+
+        if self._grouped:
+            wrapper = Group
+        else:
+            wrapper = lambda expr: expr
+        return (wrapper(block) + Optional(trailing_undent)).parseImpl(
+            instring, anchor_loc, doActions
+        )
+
+
+class AtStringStart(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Matches if expression matches at the beginning of the parse
+    string::
+
+        AtStringStart(Word(nums)).parse_string("123")
+        # prints ["123"]
+
+        AtStringStart(Word(nums)).parse_string("    123")
+        # raises ParseException
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if loc != 0:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "not found at string start")
+        return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+
+
+class AtLineStart(ParseElementEnhance):
+    r"""Matches if an expression matches at the beginning of a line within
+    the parse string
+
+    Example::
+
+        test = '''\
+        AAA this line
+        AAA and this line
+          AAA but not this one
+        B AAA and definitely not this one
+        '''
+
+        for t in (AtLineStart('AAA') + rest_of_line).search_string(test):
+            print(t)
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['AAA', ' this line']
+        ['AAA', ' and this line']
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if col(loc, instring) != 1:
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, "not found at line start")
+        return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+
+
+class FollowedBy(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Lookahead matching of the given parse expression.
+    ``FollowedBy`` does *not* advance the parsing position within
+    the input string, it only verifies that the specified parse
+    expression matches at the current position.  ``FollowedBy``
+    always returns a null token list. If any results names are defined
+    in the lookahead expression, those *will* be returned for access by
+    name.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # use FollowedBy to match a label only if it is followed by a ':'
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+
+        attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string("shape: SQUARE color: BLACK posn: upper left").pprint()
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['color', 'BLACK'], ['posn', 'upper left']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        # by using self._expr.parse and deleting the contents of the returned ParseResults list
+        # we keep any named results that were defined in the FollowedBy expression
+        _, ret = self.expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions=doActions)
+        del ret[:]
+
+        return loc, ret
+
+
+class PrecededBy(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Lookbehind matching of the given parse expression.
+    ``PrecededBy`` does not advance the parsing position within the
+    input string, it only verifies that the specified parse expression
+    matches prior to the current position.  ``PrecededBy`` always
+    returns a null token list, but if a results name is defined on the
+    given expression, it is returned.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match prior to the current parse
+      location
+    - ``retreat`` - (default= ``None``) - (int) maximum number of characters
+      to lookbehind prior to the current parse location
+
+    If the lookbehind expression is a string, :class:`Literal`,
+    :class:`Keyword`, or a :class:`Word` or :class:`CharsNotIn`
+    with a specified exact or maximum length, then the retreat
+    parameter is not required. Otherwise, retreat must be specified to
+    give a maximum number of characters to look back from
+    the current parse position for a lookbehind match.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # VB-style variable names with type prefixes
+        int_var = PrecededBy("#") + pyparsing_common.identifier
+        str_var = PrecededBy("$") + pyparsing_common.identifier
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], retreat: typing.Optional[int] = None
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.expr = self.expr().leave_whitespace()
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.exact = False
+        if isinstance(expr, str_type):
+            expr = typing.cast(str, expr)
+            retreat = len(expr)
+            self.exact = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, (Literal, Keyword)):
+            retreat = expr.matchLen
+            self.exact = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, (Word, CharsNotIn)) and expr.maxLen != _MAX_INT:
+            retreat = expr.maxLen
+            self.exact = True
+        elif isinstance(expr, PositionToken):
+            retreat = 0
+            self.exact = True
+        self.retreat = retreat
+        self.errmsg = "not preceded by " + str(expr)
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.parseAction.append(lambda s, l, t: t.__delitem__(slice(None, None)))
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc=0, doActions=True):
+        if self.exact:
+            if loc < self.retreat:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg)
+            start = loc - self.retreat
+            _, ret = self.expr._parse(instring, start)
+        else:
+            # retreat specified a maximum lookbehind window, iterate
+            test_expr = self.expr + StringEnd()
+            instring_slice = instring[max(0, loc - self.retreat) : loc]
+            last_expr = ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg)
+            for offset in range(1, min(loc, self.retreat + 1) + 1):
+                try:
+                    # print('trying', offset, instring_slice, repr(instring_slice[loc - offset:]))
+                    _, ret = test_expr._parse(
+                        instring_slice, len(instring_slice) - offset
+                    )
+                except ParseBaseException as pbe:
+                    last_expr = pbe
+                else:
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise last_expr
+        return loc, ret
+
+
+class Located(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Decorates a returned token with its starting and ending
+    locations in the input string.
+
+    This helper adds the following results names:
+
+    - ``locn_start`` - location where matched expression begins
+    - ``locn_end`` - location where matched expression ends
+    - ``value`` - the actual parsed results
+
+    Be careful if the input text contains ``<TAB>`` characters, you
+    may want to call :class:`ParserElement.parse_with_tabs`
+
+    Example::
+
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        for match in Located(wd).search_string("ljsdf123lksdjjf123lkkjj1222"):
+            print(match)
+
+    prints::
+
+        [0, ['ljsdf'], 5]
+        [8, ['lksdjjf'], 15]
+        [18, ['lkkjj'], 23]
+
+    """
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        start = loc
+        loc, tokens = self.expr._parse(instring, start, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+        ret_tokens = ParseResults([start, tokens, loc])
+        ret_tokens["locn_start"] = start
+        ret_tokens["value"] = tokens
+        ret_tokens["locn_end"] = loc
+        if self.resultsName:
+            # must return as a list, so that the name will be attached to the complete group
+            return loc, [ret_tokens]
+        else:
+            return loc, ret_tokens
+
+
+class NotAny(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Lookahead to disallow matching with the given parse expression.
+    ``NotAny`` does *not* advance the parsing position within the
+    input string, it only verifies that the specified parse expression
+    does *not* match at the current position.  Also, ``NotAny`` does
+    *not* skip over leading whitespace. ``NotAny`` always returns
+    a null token list.  May be constructed using the ``'~'`` operator.
+
+    Example::
+
+        AND, OR, NOT = map(CaselessKeyword, "AND OR NOT".split())
+
+        # take care not to mistake keywords for identifiers
+        ident = ~(AND | OR | NOT) + Word(alphas)
+        boolean_term = Opt(NOT) + ident
+
+        # very crude boolean expression - to support parenthesis groups and
+        # operation hierarchy, use infix_notation
+        boolean_expr = boolean_term + ((AND | OR) + boolean_term)[...]
+
+        # integers that are followed by "." are actually floats
+        integer = Word(nums) + ~Char(".")
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str]):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        # do NOT use self.leave_whitespace(), don't want to propagate to exprs
+        # self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Found unwanted token, " + str(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if self.expr.can_parse_next(instring, loc, do_actions=doActions):
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+        return loc, []
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "~{" + str(self.expr) + "}"
+
+
+class _MultipleMatch(ParseElementEnhance):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+        stop_on: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        *,
+        stopOn: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        stopOn = stopOn or stop_on
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        ender = stopOn
+        if isinstance(ender, str_type):
+            ender = self._literalStringClass(ender)
+        self.stopOn(ender)
+
+    def stopOn(self, ender) -> ParserElement:
+        if isinstance(ender, str_type):
+            ender = self._literalStringClass(ender)
+        self.not_ender = ~ender if ender is not None else None
+        return self
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        self_expr_parse = self.expr._parse
+        self_skip_ignorables = self._skipIgnorables
+        check_ender = self.not_ender is not None
+        if check_ender:
+            try_not_ender = self.not_ender.try_parse
+
+        # must be at least one (but first see if we are the stopOn sentinel;
+        # if so, fail)
+        if check_ender:
+            try_not_ender(instring, loc)
+        loc, tokens = self_expr_parse(instring, loc, doActions)
+        try:
+            hasIgnoreExprs = not not self.ignoreExprs
+            while 1:
+                if check_ender:
+                    try_not_ender(instring, loc)
+                if hasIgnoreExprs:
+                    preloc = self_skip_ignorables(instring, loc)
+                else:
+                    preloc = loc
+                loc, tmptokens = self_expr_parse(instring, preloc, doActions)
+                tokens += tmptokens
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            pass
+
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            for e in [self.expr] + self.expr.recurse():
+                if (
+                    isinstance(e, ParserElement)
+                    and e.resultsName
+                    and Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection
+                    not in e.suppress_warnings_
+                ):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                        "collides with {!r} on contained expression".format(
+                            "warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection",
+                            name,
+                            type(self).__name__,
+                            e.resultsName,
+                        ),
+                        stacklevel=3,
+                    )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, listAllMatches)
+
+
+class OneOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
+    """
+    Repetition of one or more of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match one or more times
+    - ``stop_on`` - (default= ``None``) - expression for a terminating sentinel
+      (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition
+      expression)
+
+    Example::
+
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: BLACK"
+        attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string(text).pprint()  # Fail! read 'color' as data instead of next label -> [['shape', 'SQUARE color']]
+
+        # use stop_on attribute for OneOrMore to avoid reading label string as part of the data
+        attr_expr = Group(label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+        OneOrMore(attr_expr).parse_string(text).pprint() # Better -> [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'BLACK']]
+
+        # could also be written as
+        (attr_expr * (1,)).parse_string(text).pprint()
+    """
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{" + str(self.expr) + "}..."
+
+
+class ZeroOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
+    """
+    Optional repetition of zero or more of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match zero or more times
+    - ``stop_on`` - expression for a terminating sentinel
+      (only required if the sentinel would ordinarily match the repetition
+      expression) - (default= ``None``)
+
+    Example: similar to :class:`OneOrMore`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+        stop_on: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        *,
+        stopOn: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr, stopOn=stopOn or stop_on)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        try:
+            return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            return loc, ParseResults([], name=self.resultsName)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "[" + str(self.expr) + "]..."
+
+
+class DelimitedList(ParseElementEnhance):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+        delim: Union[str, ParserElement] = ",",
+        combine: bool = False,
+        min: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        max: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        allow_trailing_delim: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """Helper to define a delimited list of expressions - the delimiter
+        defaults to ','. By default, the list elements and delimiters can
+        have intervening whitespace, and comments, but this can be
+        overridden by passing ``combine=True`` in the constructor. If
+        ``combine`` is set to ``True``, the matching tokens are
+        returned as a single token string, with the delimiters included;
+        otherwise, the matching tokens are returned as a list of tokens,
+        with the delimiters suppressed.
+
+        If ``allow_trailing_delim`` is set to True, then the list may end with
+        a delimiter.
+
+        Example::
+
+            DelimitedList(Word(alphas)).parse_string("aa,bb,cc") # -> ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
+            DelimitedList(Word(hexnums), delim=':', combine=True).parse_string("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE") # -> ['AA:BB:CC:DD:EE']
+        """
+        if isinstance(expr, str_type):
+            expr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(expr)
+        expr = typing.cast(ParserElement, expr)
+
+        if min is not None:
+            if min < 1:
+                raise ValueError("min must be greater than 0")
+        if max is not None:
+            if min is not None and max < min:
+                raise ValueError("max must be greater than, or equal to min")
+
+        self.content = expr
+        self.raw_delim = str(delim)
+        self.delim = delim
+        self.combine = combine
+        if not combine:
+            self.delim = Suppress(delim)
+        self.min = min or 1
+        self.max = max
+        self.allow_trailing_delim = allow_trailing_delim
+
+        delim_list_expr = self.content + (self.delim + self.content) * (
+            self.min - 1,
+            None if self.max is None else self.max - 1,
+        )
+        if self.allow_trailing_delim:
+            delim_list_expr += Opt(self.delim)
+
+        if self.combine:
+            delim_list_expr = Combine(delim_list_expr)
+
+        super().__init__(delim_list_expr, savelist=True)
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        return "{0} [{1} {0}]...".format(self.content.streamline(), self.raw_delim)
+
+
+class _NullToken:
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ""
+
+
+class Opt(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Optional matching of the given expression.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - expression that must match zero or more times
+    - ``default`` (optional) - value to be returned if the optional expression is not found.
+
+    Example::
+
+        # US postal code can be a 5-digit zip, plus optional 4-digit qualifier
+        zip = Combine(Word(nums, exact=5) + Opt('-' + Word(nums, exact=4)))
+        zip.run_tests('''
+            # traditional ZIP code
+            12345
+
+            # ZIP+4 form
+            12101-0001
+
+            # invalid ZIP
+            98765-
+            ''')
+
+    prints::
+
+        # traditional ZIP code
+        12345
+        ['12345']
+
+        # ZIP+4 form
+        12101-0001
+        ['12101-0001']
+
+        # invalid ZIP
+        98765-
+             ^
+        FAIL: Expected end of text (at char 5), (line:1, col:6)
+    """
+
+    __optionalNotMatched = _NullToken()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], default: Any = __optionalNotMatched
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr, savelist=False)
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.defaultValue = default
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        self_expr = self.expr
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self_expr._parse(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+        except (ParseException, IndexError):
+            default_value = self.defaultValue
+            if default_value is not self.__optionalNotMatched:
+                if self_expr.resultsName:
+                    tokens = ParseResults([default_value])
+                    tokens[self_expr.resultsName] = default_value
+                else:
+                    tokens = [default_value]
+            else:
+                tokens = []
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        inner = str(self.expr)
+        # strip off redundant inner {}'s
+        while len(inner) > 1 and inner[0 :: len(inner) - 1] == "{}":
+            inner = inner[1:-1]
+        return "[" + inner + "]"
+
+
+Optional = Opt
+
+
+class SkipTo(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Token for skipping over all undefined text until the matched
+    expression is found.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``expr`` - target expression marking the end of the data to be skipped
+    - ``include`` - if ``True``, the target expression is also parsed
+      (the skipped text and target expression are returned as a 2-element
+      list) (default= ``False``).
+    - ``ignore`` - (default= ``None``) used to define grammars (typically quoted strings and
+      comments) that might contain false matches to the target expression
+    - ``fail_on`` - (default= ``None``) define expressions that are not allowed to be
+      included in the skipped test; if found before the target expression is found,
+      the :class:`SkipTo` is not a match
+
+    Example::
+
+        report = '''
+            Outstanding Issues Report - 1 Jan 2000
+
+               # | Severity | Description                               |  Days Open
+            -----+----------+-------------------------------------------+-----------
+             101 | Critical | Intermittent system crash                 |          6
+              94 | Cosmetic | Spelling error on Login ('log|n')         |         14
+              79 | Minor    | System slow when running too many reports |         47
+            '''
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        SEP = Suppress('|')
+        # use SkipTo to simply match everything up until the next SEP
+        # - ignore quoted strings, so that a '|' character inside a quoted string does not match
+        # - parse action will call token.strip() for each matched token, i.e., the description body
+        string_data = SkipTo(SEP, ignore=quoted_string)
+        string_data.set_parse_action(token_map(str.strip))
+        ticket_expr = (integer("issue_num") + SEP
+                      + string_data("sev") + SEP
+                      + string_data("desc") + SEP
+                      + integer("days_open"))
+
+        for tkt in ticket_expr.search_string(report):
+            print tkt.dump()
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['101', 'Critical', 'Intermittent system crash', '6']
+        - days_open: '6'
+        - desc: 'Intermittent system crash'
+        - issue_num: '101'
+        - sev: 'Critical'
+        ['94', 'Cosmetic', "Spelling error on Login ('log|n')", '14']
+        - days_open: '14'
+        - desc: "Spelling error on Login ('log|n')"
+        - issue_num: '94'
+        - sev: 'Cosmetic'
+        ['79', 'Minor', 'System slow when running too many reports', '47']
+        - days_open: '47'
+        - desc: 'System slow when running too many reports'
+        - issue_num: '79'
+        - sev: 'Minor'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        other: Union[ParserElement, str],
+        include: bool = False,
+        ignore: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        fail_on: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+        *,
+        failOn: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(other)
+        failOn = failOn or fail_on
+        if ignore is not None:
+            self.ignore(ignore)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.includeMatch = include
+        self.saveAsList = False
+        if isinstance(failOn, str_type):
+            self.failOn = self._literalStringClass(failOn)
+        else:
+            self.failOn = failOn
+        self.errmsg = "No match found for " + str(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        startloc = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        self_expr_parse = self.expr._parse
+        self_failOn_canParseNext = (
+            self.failOn.canParseNext if self.failOn is not None else None
+        )
+        self_preParse = self.preParse if self.callPreparse else None
+
+        tmploc = loc
+        while tmploc <= instrlen:
+            if self_failOn_canParseNext is not None:
+                # break if failOn expression matches
+                if self_failOn_canParseNext(instring, tmploc):
+                    break
+
+            if self_preParse is not None:
+                # skip grammar-ignored expressions
+                tmploc = self_preParse(instring, tmploc)
+
+            try:
+                self_expr_parse(instring, tmploc, doActions=False, callPreParse=False)
+            except (ParseException, IndexError):
+                # no match, advance loc in string
+                tmploc += 1
+            else:
+                # matched skipto expr, done
+                break
+
+        else:
+            # ran off the end of the input string without matching skipto expr, fail
+            raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+        # build up return values
+        loc = tmploc
+        skiptext = instring[startloc:loc]
+        skipresult = ParseResults(skiptext)
+
+        if self.includeMatch:
+            loc, mat = self_expr_parse(instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False)
+            skipresult += mat
+
+        return loc, skipresult
+
+
+class Forward(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Forward declaration of an expression to be defined later -
+    used for recursive grammars, such as algebraic infix notation.
+    When the expression is known, it is assigned to the ``Forward``
+    variable using the ``'<<'`` operator.
+
+    Note: take care when assigning to ``Forward`` not to overlook
+    precedence of operators.
+
+    Specifically, ``'|'`` has a lower precedence than ``'<<'``, so that::
+
+        fwd_expr << a | b | c
+
+    will actually be evaluated as::
+
+        (fwd_expr << a) | b | c
+
+    thereby leaving b and c out as parseable alternatives.  It is recommended that you
+    explicitly group the values inserted into the ``Forward``::
+
+        fwd_expr << (a | b | c)
+
+    Converting to use the ``'<<='`` operator instead will avoid this problem.
+
+    See :class:`ParseResults.pprint` for an example of a recursive
+    parser created using ``Forward``.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, other: typing.Optional[Union[ParserElement, str]] = None):
+        self.caller_frame = traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0]
+        super().__init__(other, savelist=False)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self.lshift_line = None
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other) -> "Forward":
+        if hasattr(self, "caller_frame"):
+            del self.caller_frame
+        if isinstance(other, str_type):
+            other = self._literalStringClass(other)
+
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        self.expr = other
+        self.streamlined = other.streamlined
+        self.mayIndexError = self.expr.mayIndexError
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.expr.mayReturnEmpty
+        self.set_whitespace_chars(
+            self.expr.whiteChars, copy_defaults=self.expr.copyDefaultWhiteChars
+        )
+        self.skipWhitespace = self.expr.skipWhitespace
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.ignoreExprs.extend(self.expr.ignoreExprs)
+        self.lshift_line = traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[-2]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        return self
+
+    def __ilshift__(self, other) -> "Forward":
+        if not isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self << other
+
+    def __or__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        caller_line = traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[-2]
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator
+            and caller_line == self.lshift_line
+            and Diagnostics.warn_on_match_first_with_lshift_operator
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "using '<<' operator with '|' is probably an error, use '<<='",
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        ret = super().__or__(other)
+        return ret
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        # see if we are getting dropped because of '=' reassignment of var instead of '<<=' or '<<'
+        if (
+            self.expr is None
+            and __diag__.warn_on_assignment_to_Forward
+            and Diagnostics.warn_on_assignment_to_Forward not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            warnings.warn_explicit(
+                "Forward defined here but no expression attached later using '<<=' or '<<'",
+                UserWarning,
+                filename=self.caller_frame.filename,
+                lineno=self.caller_frame.lineno,
+            )
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+        if (
+            self.expr is None
+            and __diag__.warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward
+            and Diagnostics.warn_on_parse_using_empty_Forward
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            # walk stack until parse_string, scan_string, search_string, or transform_string is found
+            parse_fns = (
+                "parse_string",
+                "scan_string",
+                "search_string",
+                "transform_string",
+            )
+            tb = traceback.extract_stack(limit=200)
+            for i, frm in enumerate(reversed(tb), start=1):
+                if frm.name in parse_fns:
+                    stacklevel = i + 1
+                    break
+            else:
+                stacklevel = 2
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Forward expression was never assigned a value, will not parse any input",
+                stacklevel=stacklevel,
+            )
+        if not ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled:
+            return super().parseImpl(instring, loc, doActions)
+        # ## Bounded Recursion algorithm ##
+        # Recursion only needs to be processed at ``Forward`` elements, since they are
+        # the only ones that can actually refer to themselves. The general idea is
+        # to handle recursion stepwise: We start at no recursion, then recurse once,
+        # recurse twice, ..., until more recursion offers no benefit (we hit the bound).
+        #
+        # The "trick" here is that each ``Forward`` gets evaluated in two contexts
+        # - to *match* a specific recursion level, and
+        # - to *search* the bounded recursion level
+        # and the two run concurrently. The *search* must *match* each recursion level
+        # to find the best possible match. This is handled by a memo table, which
+        # provides the previous match to the next level match attempt.
+        #
+        # See also "Left Recursion in Parsing Expression Grammars", Medeiros et al.
+        #
+        # There is a complication since we not only *parse* but also *transform* via
+        # actions: We do not want to run the actions too often while expanding. Thus,
+        # we expand using `doActions=False` and only run `doActions=True` if the next
+        # recursion level is acceptable.
+        with ParserElement.recursion_lock:
+            memo = ParserElement.recursion_memos
+            try:
+                # we are parsing at a specific recursion expansion - use it as-is
+                prev_loc, prev_result = memo[loc, self, doActions]
+                if isinstance(prev_result, Exception):
+                    raise prev_result
+                return prev_loc, prev_result.copy()
+            except KeyError:
+                act_key = (loc, self, True)
+                peek_key = (loc, self, False)
+                # we are searching for the best recursion expansion - keep on improving
+                # both `doActions` cases must be tracked separately here!
+                prev_loc, prev_peek = memo[peek_key] = (
+                    loc - 1,
+                    ParseException(
+                        instring, loc, "Forward recursion without base case", self
+                    ),
+                )
+                if doActions:
+                    memo[act_key] = memo[peek_key]
+                while True:
+                    try:
+                        new_loc, new_peek = super().parseImpl(instring, loc, False)
+                    except ParseException:
+                        # we failed before getting any match – do not hide the error
+                        if isinstance(prev_peek, Exception):
+                            raise
+                        new_loc, new_peek = prev_loc, prev_peek
+                    # the match did not get better: we are done
+                    if new_loc <= prev_loc:
+                        if doActions:
+                            # replace the match for doActions=False as well,
+                            # in case the action did backtrack
+                            prev_loc, prev_result = memo[peek_key] = memo[act_key]
+                            del memo[peek_key], memo[act_key]
+                            return prev_loc, prev_result.copy()
+                        del memo[peek_key]
+                        return prev_loc, prev_peek.copy()
+                    # the match did get better: see if we can improve further
+                    else:
+                        if doActions:
+                            try:
+                                memo[act_key] = super().parseImpl(instring, loc, True)
+                            except ParseException as e:
+                                memo[peek_key] = memo[act_key] = (new_loc, e)
+                                raise
+                        prev_loc, prev_peek = memo[peek_key] = new_loc, new_peek
+
+    def leave_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def ignore_whitespace(self, recursive: bool = True) -> ParserElement:
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        return self
+
+    def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamlined = True
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "ParserElement.validate() is deprecated, and should not be used to check for left recursion",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if validateTrace is None:
+            validateTrace = []
+
+        if self not in validateTrace:
+            tmp = validateTrace[:] + [self]
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self._checkRecursion([])
+
+    def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
+        # Avoid infinite recursion by setting a temporary _defaultName
+        self._defaultName = ": ..."
+
+        # Use the string representation of main expression.
+        retString = "..."
+        try:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                retString = str(self.expr)[:1000]
+            else:
+                retString = "None"
+        finally:
+            return self.__class__.__name__ + ": " + retString
+
+    def copy(self) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            return super().copy()
+        else:
+            ret = Forward()
+            ret <<= self
+            return ret
+
+    def _setResultsName(self, name, list_all_matches=False):
+        if (
+            __diag__.warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward
+            and Diagnostics.warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward
+            not in self.suppress_warnings_
+        ):
+            if self.expr is None:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "{}: setting results name {!r} on {} expression "
+                    "that has no contained expression".format(
+                        "warn_name_set_on_empty_Forward", name, type(self).__name__
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=3,
+                )
+
+        return super()._setResultsName(name, list_all_matches)
+
+    # Compatibility synonyms
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(leave_whitespace)
+    def leaveWhitespace(self): ...
+
+    @replaced_by_pep8(ignore_whitespace)
+    def ignoreWhitespace(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class TokenConverter(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """
+    Abstract subclass of :class:`ParseExpression`, for converting parsed results.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], savelist=False):
+        super().__init__(expr)  # , savelist)
+        self.saveAsList = False
+
+
+class Combine(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to concatenate all matching tokens to a single string.
+    By default, the matching patterns must also be contiguous in the
+    input string; this can be disabled by specifying
+    ``'adjacent=False'`` in the constructor.
+
+    Example::
+
+        real = Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums)
+        print(real.parse_string('3.1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
+        # will also erroneously match the following
+        print(real.parse_string('3. 1416')) # -> ['3', '.', '1416']
+
+        real = Combine(Word(nums) + '.' + Word(nums))
+        print(real.parse_string('3.1416')) # -> ['3.1416']
+        # no match when there are internal spaces
+        print(real.parse_string('3. 1416')) # -> Exception: Expected W:(0123...)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expr: ParserElement,
+        join_string: str = "",
+        adjacent: bool = True,
+        *,
+        joinString: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        joinString = joinString if joinString is not None else join_string
+        # suppress whitespace-stripping in contained parse expressions, but re-enable it on the Combine itself
+        if adjacent:
+            self.leave_whitespace()
+        self.adjacent = adjacent
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.joinString = joinString
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
+        if self.adjacent:
+            ParserElement.ignore(self, other)
+        else:
+            super().ignore(other)
+        return self
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        retToks = tokenlist.copy()
+        del retToks[:]
+        retToks += ParseResults(
+            ["".join(tokenlist._asStringList(self.joinString))], modal=self.modalResults
+        )
+
+        if self.resultsName and retToks.haskeys():
+            return [retToks]
+        else:
+            return retToks
+
+
+class Group(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to return the matched tokens as a list - useful for
+    returning tokens of :class:`ZeroOrMore` and :class:`OneOrMore` expressions.
+
+    The optional ``aslist`` argument when set to True will return the
+    parsed tokens as a Python list instead of a pyparsing ParseResults.
+
+    Example::
+
+        ident = Word(alphas)
+        num = Word(nums)
+        term = ident | num
+        func = ident + Opt(DelimitedList(term))
+        print(func.parse_string("fn a, b, 100"))
+        # -> ['fn', 'a', 'b', '100']
+
+        func = ident + Group(Opt(DelimitedList(term)))
+        print(func.parse_string("fn a, b, 100"))
+        # -> ['fn', ['a', 'b', '100']]
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: ParserElement, aslist: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        self._asPythonList = aslist
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        if self._asPythonList:
+            return ParseResults.List(
+                tokenlist.asList()
+                if isinstance(tokenlist, ParseResults)
+                else list(tokenlist)
+            )
+        else:
+            return [tokenlist]
+
+
+class Dict(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to return a repetitive expression as a list, but also
+    as a dictionary. Each element can also be referenced using the first
+    token in the expression as its key. Useful for tabular report
+    scraping when the first column can be used as a item key.
+
+    The optional ``asdict`` argument when set to True will return the
+    parsed tokens as a Python dict instead of a pyparsing ParseResults.
+
+    Example::
+
+        data_word = Word(alphas)
+        label = data_word + FollowedBy(':')
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
+        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+
+        # print attributes as plain groups
+        print(attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string(text).dump())
+
+        # instead of OneOrMore(expr), parse using Dict(Group(expr)[1, ...]) - Dict will auto-assign names
+        result = Dict(Group(attr_expr)[1, ...]).parse_string(text)
+        print(result.dump())
+
+        # access named fields as dict entries, or output as dict
+        print(result['shape'])
+        print(result.as_dict())
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['shape', 'SQUARE', 'posn', 'upper left', 'color', 'light blue', 'texture', 'burlap']
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
+        - color: 'light blue'
+        - posn: 'upper left'
+        - shape: 'SQUARE'
+        - texture: 'burlap'
+        SQUARE
+        {'color': 'light blue', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap', 'shape': 'SQUARE'}
+
+    See more examples at :class:`ParseResults` of accessing fields by results name.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: ParserElement, asdict: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        self.saveAsList = True
+        self._asPythonDict = asdict
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        for i, tok in enumerate(tokenlist):
+            if len(tok) == 0:
+                continue
+
+            ikey = tok[0]
+            if isinstance(ikey, int):
+                ikey = str(ikey).strip()
+
+            if len(tok) == 1:
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset("", i)
+
+            elif len(tok) == 2 and not isinstance(tok[1], ParseResults):
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(tok[1], i)
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    dictvalue = tok.copy()  # ParseResults(i)
+                except Exception:
+                    exc = TypeError(
+                        "could not extract dict values from parsed results"
+                        " - Dict expression must contain Grouped expressions"
+                    )
+                    raise exc from None
+
+                del dictvalue[0]
+
+                if len(dictvalue) != 1 or (
+                    isinstance(dictvalue, ParseResults) and dictvalue.haskeys()
+                ):
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue, i)
+                else:
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue[0], i)
+
+        if self._asPythonDict:
+            return [tokenlist.as_dict()] if self.resultsName else tokenlist.as_dict()
+        else:
+            return [tokenlist] if self.resultsName else tokenlist
+
+
+class Suppress(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter for ignoring the results of a parsed expression.
+
+    Example::
+
+        source = "a, b, c,d"
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        wd_list1 = wd + (',' + wd)[...]
+        print(wd_list1.parse_string(source))
+
+        # often, delimiters that are useful during parsing are just in the
+        # way afterward - use Suppress to keep them out of the parsed output
+        wd_list2 = wd + (Suppress(',') + wd)[...]
+        print(wd_list2.parse_string(source))
+
+        # Skipped text (using '...') can be suppressed as well
+        source = "lead in START relevant text END trailing text"
+        start_marker = Keyword("START")
+        end_marker = Keyword("END")
+        find_body = Suppress(...) + start_marker + ... + end_marker
+        print(find_body.parse_string(source)
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['a', ',', 'b', ',', 'c', ',', 'd']
+        ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+        ['START', 'relevant text ', 'END']
+
+    (See also :class:`DelimitedList`.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expr: Union[ParserElement, str], savelist: bool = False):
+        if expr is ...:
+            expr = _PendingSkip(NoMatch())
+        super().__init__(expr)
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        if isinstance(self.expr, _PendingSkip):
+            return Suppress(SkipTo(other)) + other
+        else:
+            return super().__add__(other)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other) -> "ParserElement":
+        if isinstance(self.expr, _PendingSkip):
+            return Suppress(SkipTo(other)) - other
+        else:
+            return super().__sub__(other)
+
+    def postParse(self, instring, loc, tokenlist):
+        return []
+
+    def suppress(self) -> ParserElement:
+        return self
+
+
+def trace_parse_action(f: ParseAction) -> ParseAction:
+    """Decorator for debugging parse actions.
+
+    When the parse action is called, this decorator will print
+    ``">> entering method-name(line:<current_source_line>, <parse_location>, <matched_tokens>)"``.
+    When the parse action completes, the decorator will print
+    ``"<<"`` followed by the returned value, or any exception that the parse action raised.
+
+    Example::
+
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+
+        @trace_parse_action
+        def remove_duplicate_chars(tokens):
+            return ''.join(sorted(set(''.join(tokens))))
+
+        wds = wd[1, ...].set_parse_action(remove_duplicate_chars)
+        print(wds.parse_string("slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        >>entering remove_duplicate_chars(line: 'slkdjs sld sldd sdlf sdljf', 0, (['slkdjs', 'sld', 'sldd', 'sdlf', 'sdljf'], {}))
+        <<leaving remove_duplicate_chars (ret: 'dfjkls')
+        ['dfjkls']
+    """
+    f = _trim_arity(f)
+
+    def z(*paArgs):
+        thisFunc = f.__name__
+        s, l, t = paArgs[-3:]
+        if len(paArgs) > 3:
+            thisFunc = paArgs[0].__class__.__name__ + "." + thisFunc
+        sys.stderr.write(f">>entering {thisFunc}(line: {line(l, s)!r}, {l}, {t!r})\n")
+        try:
+            ret = f(*paArgs)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            sys.stderr.write(f"<<leaving {thisFunc} (exception: {exc})\n")
+            raise
+        sys.stderr.write(f"<<leaving {thisFunc} (ret: {ret!r})\n")
+        return ret
+
+    z.__name__ = f.__name__
+    return z
+
+
+# convenience constants for positional expressions
+empty = Empty().set_name("empty")
+line_start = LineStart().set_name("line_start")
+line_end = LineEnd().set_name("line_end")
+string_start = StringStart().set_name("string_start")
+string_end = StringEnd().set_name("string_end")
+
+_escapedPunc = Regex(r"\\[\\[\]\/\-\*\.\$\+\^\?()~ ]").set_parse_action(
+    lambda s, l, t: t[0][1]
+)
+_escapedHexChar = Regex(r"\\0?[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+").set_parse_action(
+    lambda s, l, t: chr(int(t[0].lstrip(r"\0x"), 16))
+)
+_escapedOctChar = Regex(r"\\0[0-7]+").set_parse_action(
+    lambda s, l, t: chr(int(t[0][1:], 8))
+)
+_singleChar = (
+    _escapedPunc | _escapedHexChar | _escapedOctChar | CharsNotIn(r"\]", exact=1)
+)
+_charRange = Group(_singleChar + Suppress("-") + _singleChar)
+_reBracketExpr = (
+    Literal("[")
+    + Opt("^").set_results_name("negate")
+    + Group(OneOrMore(_charRange | _singleChar)).set_results_name("body")
+    + Literal("]")
+)
+
+
+def srange(s: str) -> str:
+    r"""Helper to easily define string ranges for use in :class:`Word`
+    construction. Borrows syntax from regexp ``'[]'`` string range
+    definitions::
+
+        srange("[0-9]")   -> "0123456789"
+        srange("[a-z]")   -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+        srange("[a-z$_]") -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz$_"
+
+    The input string must be enclosed in []'s, and the returned string
+    is the expanded character set joined into a single string. The
+    values enclosed in the []'s may be:
+
+    - a single character
+    - an escaped character with a leading backslash (such as ``\-``
+      or ``\]``)
+    - an escaped hex character with a leading ``'\x'``
+      (``\x21``, which is a ``'!'`` character) (``\0x##``
+      is also supported for backwards compatibility)
+    - an escaped octal character with a leading ``'\0'``
+      (``\041``, which is a ``'!'`` character)
+    - a range of any of the above, separated by a dash (``'a-z'``,
+      etc.)
+    - any combination of the above (``'aeiouy'``,
+      ``'a-zA-Z0-9_$'``, etc.)
+    """
+    _expanded = (
+        lambda p: p
+        if not isinstance(p, ParseResults)
+        else "".join(chr(c) for c in range(ord(p[0]), ord(p[1]) + 1))
+    )
+    try:
+        return "".join(_expanded(part) for part in _reBracketExpr.parse_string(s).body)
+    except Exception as e:
+        return ""
+
+
+def token_map(func, *args) -> ParseAction:
+    """Helper to define a parse action by mapping a function to all
+    elements of a :class:`ParseResults` list. If any additional args are passed,
+    they are forwarded to the given function as additional arguments
+    after the token, as in
+    ``hex_integer = Word(hexnums).set_parse_action(token_map(int, 16))``,
+    which will convert the parsed data to an integer using base 16.
+
+    Example (compare the last to example in :class:`ParserElement.transform_string`::
+
+        hex_ints = Word(hexnums)[1, ...].set_parse_action(token_map(int, 16))
+        hex_ints.run_tests('''
+            00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
+            ''')
+
+        upperword = Word(alphas).set_parse_action(token_map(str.upper))
+        upperword[1, ...].run_tests('''
+            my kingdom for a horse
+            ''')
+
+        wd = Word(alphas).set_parse_action(token_map(str.title))
+        wd[1, ...].set_parse_action(' '.join).run_tests('''
+            now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
+            ''')
+
+    prints::
+
+        00 11 22 aa FF 0a 0d 1a
+        [0, 17, 34, 170, 255, 10, 13, 26]
+
+        my kingdom for a horse
+        ['MY', 'KINGDOM', 'FOR', 'A', 'HORSE']
+
+        now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this sun of york
+        ['Now Is The Winter Of Our Discontent Made Glorious Summer By This Sun Of York']
+    """
+
+    def pa(s, l, t):
+        return [func(tokn, *args) for tokn in t]
+
+    func_name = getattr(func, "__name__", getattr(func, "__class__").__name__)
+    pa.__name__ = func_name
+
+    return pa
+
+
+def autoname_elements() -> None:
+    """
+    Utility to simplify mass-naming of parser elements, for
+    generating railroad diagram with named subdiagrams.
+    """
+    calling_frame = sys._getframe().f_back
+    if calling_frame is None:
+        return
+    calling_frame = typing.cast(types.FrameType, calling_frame)
+    for name, var in calling_frame.f_locals.items():
+        if isinstance(var, ParserElement) and not var.customName:
+            var.set_name(name)
+
+
+dbl_quoted_string = Combine(
+    Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*') + '"'
+).set_name("string enclosed in double quotes")
+
+sgl_quoted_string = Combine(
+    Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*") + "'"
+).set_name("string enclosed in single quotes")
+
+quoted_string = Combine(
+    (Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*') + '"').set_name(
+        "double quoted string"
+    )
+    | (Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*") + "'").set_name(
+        "single quoted string"
+    )
+).set_name("quoted string using single or double quotes")
+
+python_quoted_string = Combine(
+    (Regex(r'"""(?:[^"\\]|""(?!")|"(?!"")|\\.)*', flags=re.MULTILINE) + '"""').set_name(
+        "multiline double quoted string"
+    )
+    ^ (
+        Regex(r"'''(?:[^'\\]|''(?!')|'(?!'')|\\.)*", flags=re.MULTILINE) + "'''"
+    ).set_name("multiline single quoted string")
+    ^ (Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:\\")|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*') + '"').set_name(
+        "double quoted string"
+    )
+    ^ (Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:\\')|(?:\\(?:[^x]|x[0-9a-fA-F]+)))*") + "'").set_name(
+        "single quoted string"
+    )
+).set_name("Python quoted string")
+
+unicode_string = Combine("u" + quoted_string.copy()).set_name("unicode string literal")
+
+
+alphas8bit = srange(r"[\0xc0-\0xd6\0xd8-\0xf6\0xf8-\0xff]")
+punc8bit = srange(r"[\0xa1-\0xbf\0xd7\0xf7]")
+
+# build list of built-in expressions, for future reference if a global default value
+# gets updated
+_builtin_exprs: List[ParserElement] = [
+    v for v in vars().values() if isinstance(v, ParserElement)
+]
+
+# backward compatibility names
+# fmt: off
+sglQuotedString = sgl_quoted_string
+dblQuotedString = dbl_quoted_string
+quotedString = quoted_string
+unicodeString = unicode_string
+lineStart = line_start
+lineEnd = line_end
+stringStart = string_start
+stringEnd = string_end
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(null_debug_action)
+def nullDebugAction(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(trace_parse_action)
+def traceParseAction(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(condition_as_parse_action)
+def conditionAsParseAction(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(token_map)
+def tokenMap(): ...
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83f9018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+# mypy: ignore-errors
+import railroad
+from pip._vendor import pyparsing
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    Dict,
+    Callable,
+    Set,
+    Iterable,
+)
+from jinja2 import Template
+from io import StringIO
+import inspect
+
+
+jinja2_template_source = """\
+{% if not embed %}
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+{% endif %}
+    {% if not head %}
+        <style>
+            .railroad-heading {
+                font-family: monospace;
+            }
+        </style>
+    {% else %}
+        {{ head | safe }}
+    {% endif %}
+{% if not embed %}
+</head>
+<body>
+{% endif %}
+{{ body | safe }}
+{% for diagram in diagrams %}
+    <div class="railroad-group">
+        <h1 class="railroad-heading">{{ diagram.title }}</h1>
+        <div class="railroad-description">{{ diagram.text }}</div>
+        <div class="railroad-svg">
+            {{ diagram.svg }}
+        </div>
+    </div>
+{% endfor %}
+{% if not embed %}
+</body>
+</html>
+{% endif %}
+"""
+
+template = Template(jinja2_template_source)
+
+# Note: ideally this would be a dataclass, but we're supporting Python 3.5+ so we can't do this yet
+NamedDiagram = NamedTuple(
+    "NamedDiagram",
+    [("name", str), ("diagram", typing.Optional[railroad.DiagramItem]), ("index", int)],
+)
+"""
+A simple structure for associating a name with a railroad diagram
+"""
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class EachItem(railroad.Group):
+    """
+    Custom railroad item to compose a:
+    - Group containing a
+      - OneOrMore containing a
+        - Choice of the elements in the Each
+    with the group label indicating that all must be matched
+    """
+
+    all_label = "[ALL]"
+
+    def __init__(self, *items):
+        choice_item = railroad.Choice(len(items) - 1, *items)
+        one_or_more_item = railroad.OneOrMore(item=choice_item)
+        super().__init__(one_or_more_item, label=self.all_label)
+
+
+class AnnotatedItem(railroad.Group):
+    """
+    Simple subclass of Group that creates an annotation label
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, label: str, item):
+        super().__init__(item=item, label="[{}]".format(label) if label else label)
+
+
+class EditablePartial(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Acts like a functools.partial, but can be edited. In other words, it represents a type that hasn't yet been
+    constructed.
+    """
+
+    # We need this here because the railroad constructors actually transform the data, so can't be called until the
+    # entire tree is assembled
+
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[..., T], args: list, kwargs: dict):
+        self.func = func
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_call(cls, func: Callable[..., T], *args, **kwargs) -> "EditablePartial[T]":
+        """
+        If you call this function in the same way that you would call the constructor, it will store the arguments
+        as you expect. For example EditablePartial.from_call(Fraction, 1, 3)() == Fraction(1, 3)
+        """
+        return EditablePartial(func=func, args=list(args), kwargs=kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.kwargs["name"]
+
+    def __call__(self) -> T:
+        """
+        Evaluate the partial and return the result
+        """
+        args = self.args.copy()
+        kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
+
+        # This is a helpful hack to allow you to specify varargs parameters (e.g. *args) as keyword args (e.g.
+        # args=['list', 'of', 'things'])
+        arg_spec = inspect.getfullargspec(self.func)
+        if arg_spec.varargs in self.kwargs:
+            args += kwargs.pop(arg_spec.varargs)
+
+        return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def railroad_to_html(diagrams: List[NamedDiagram], embed=False, **kwargs) -> str:
+    """
+    Given a list of NamedDiagram, produce a single HTML string that visualises those diagrams
+    :params kwargs: kwargs to be passed in to the template
+    """
+    data = []
+    for diagram in diagrams:
+        if diagram.diagram is None:
+            continue
+        io = StringIO()
+        try:
+            css = kwargs.get('css')
+            diagram.diagram.writeStandalone(io.write, css=css)
+        except AttributeError:
+            diagram.diagram.writeSvg(io.write)
+        title = diagram.name
+        if diagram.index == 0:
+            title += " (root)"
+        data.append({"title": title, "text": "", "svg": io.getvalue()})
+
+    return template.render(diagrams=data, embed=embed, **kwargs)
+
+
+def resolve_partial(partial: "EditablePartial[T]") -> T:
+    """
+    Recursively resolves a collection of Partials into whatever type they are
+    """
+    if isinstance(partial, EditablePartial):
+        partial.args = resolve_partial(partial.args)
+        partial.kwargs = resolve_partial(partial.kwargs)
+        return partial()
+    elif isinstance(partial, list):
+        return [resolve_partial(x) for x in partial]
+    elif isinstance(partial, dict):
+        return {key: resolve_partial(x) for key, x in partial.items()}
+    else:
+        return partial
+
+
+def to_railroad(
+    element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+    diagram_kwargs: typing.Optional[dict] = None,
+    vertical: int = 3,
+    show_results_names: bool = False,
+    show_groups: bool = False,
+) -> List[NamedDiagram]:
+    """
+    Convert a pyparsing element tree into a list of diagrams. This is the recommended entrypoint to diagram
+    creation if you want to access the Railroad tree before it is converted to HTML
+    :param element: base element of the parser being diagrammed
+    :param diagram_kwargs: kwargs to pass to the Diagram() constructor
+    :param vertical: (optional) - int - limit at which number of alternatives should be
+       shown vertically instead of horizontally
+    :param show_results_names - bool to indicate whether results name annotations should be
+       included in the diagram
+    :param show_groups - bool to indicate whether groups should be highlighted with an unlabeled
+       surrounding box
+    """
+    # Convert the whole tree underneath the root
+    lookup = ConverterState(diagram_kwargs=diagram_kwargs or {})
+    _to_diagram_element(
+        element,
+        lookup=lookup,
+        parent=None,
+        vertical=vertical,
+        show_results_names=show_results_names,
+        show_groups=show_groups,
+    )
+
+    root_id = id(element)
+    # Convert the root if it hasn't been already
+    if root_id in lookup:
+        if not element.customName:
+            lookup[root_id].name = ""
+        lookup[root_id].mark_for_extraction(root_id, lookup, force=True)
+
+    # Now that we're finished, we can convert from intermediate structures into Railroad elements
+    diags = list(lookup.diagrams.values())
+    if len(diags) > 1:
+        # collapse out duplicate diags with the same name
+        seen = set()
+        deduped_diags = []
+        for d in diags:
+            # don't extract SkipTo elements, they are uninformative as subdiagrams
+            if d.name == "...":
+                continue
+            if d.name is not None and d.name not in seen:
+                seen.add(d.name)
+                deduped_diags.append(d)
+        resolved = [resolve_partial(partial) for partial in deduped_diags]
+    else:
+        # special case - if just one diagram, always display it, even if
+        # it has no name
+        resolved = [resolve_partial(partial) for partial in diags]
+    return sorted(resolved, key=lambda diag: diag.index)
+
+
+def _should_vertical(
+    specification: int, exprs: Iterable[pyparsing.ParserElement]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns true if we should return a vertical list of elements
+    """
+    if specification is None:
+        return False
+    else:
+        return len(_visible_exprs(exprs)) >= specification
+
+
+class ElementState:
+    """
+    State recorded for an individual pyparsing Element
+    """
+
+    # Note: this should be a dataclass, but we have to support Python 3.5
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+        converted: EditablePartial,
+        parent: EditablePartial,
+        number: int,
+        name: str = None,
+        parent_index: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
+        #: The pyparsing element that this represents
+        self.element: pyparsing.ParserElement = element
+        #: The name of the element
+        self.name: typing.Optional[str] = name
+        #: The output Railroad element in an unconverted state
+        self.converted: EditablePartial = converted
+        #: The parent Railroad element, which we store so that we can extract this if it's duplicated
+        self.parent: EditablePartial = parent
+        #: The order in which we found this element, used for sorting diagrams if this is extracted into a diagram
+        self.number: int = number
+        #: The index of this inside its parent
+        self.parent_index: typing.Optional[int] = parent_index
+        #: If true, we should extract this out into a subdiagram
+        self.extract: bool = False
+        #: If true, all of this element's children have been filled out
+        self.complete: bool = False
+
+    def mark_for_extraction(
+        self, el_id: int, state: "ConverterState", name: str = None, force: bool = False
+    ):
+        """
+        Called when this instance has been seen twice, and thus should eventually be extracted into a sub-diagram
+        :param el_id: id of the element
+        :param state: element/diagram state tracker
+        :param name: name to use for this element's text
+        :param force: If true, force extraction now, regardless of the state of this. Only useful for extracting the
+        root element when we know we're finished
+        """
+        self.extract = True
+
+        # Set the name
+        if not self.name:
+            if name:
+                # Allow forcing a custom name
+                self.name = name
+            elif self.element.customName:
+                self.name = self.element.customName
+            else:
+                self.name = ""
+
+        # Just because this is marked for extraction doesn't mean we can do it yet. We may have to wait for children
+        # to be added
+        # Also, if this is just a string literal etc, don't bother extracting it
+        if force or (self.complete and _worth_extracting(self.element)):
+            state.extract_into_diagram(el_id)
+
+
+class ConverterState:
+    """
+    Stores some state that persists between recursions into the element tree
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, diagram_kwargs: typing.Optional[dict] = None):
+        #: A dictionary mapping ParserElements to state relating to them
+        self._element_diagram_states: Dict[int, ElementState] = {}
+        #: A dictionary mapping ParserElement IDs to subdiagrams generated from them
+        self.diagrams: Dict[int, EditablePartial[NamedDiagram]] = {}
+        #: The index of the next unnamed element
+        self.unnamed_index: int = 1
+        #: The index of the next element. This is used for sorting
+        self.index: int = 0
+        #: Shared kwargs that are used to customize the construction of diagrams
+        self.diagram_kwargs: dict = diagram_kwargs or {}
+        self.extracted_diagram_names: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: int, value: ElementState):
+        self._element_diagram_states[key] = value
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> ElementState:
+        return self._element_diagram_states[key]
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: int):
+        del self._element_diagram_states[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: int):
+        return key in self._element_diagram_states
+
+    def generate_unnamed(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Generate a number used in the name of an otherwise unnamed diagram
+        """
+        self.unnamed_index += 1
+        return self.unnamed_index
+
+    def generate_index(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Generate a number used to index a diagram
+        """
+        self.index += 1
+        return self.index
+
+    def extract_into_diagram(self, el_id: int):
+        """
+        Used when we encounter the same token twice in the same tree. When this
+        happens, we replace all instances of that token with a terminal, and
+        create a new subdiagram for the token
+        """
+        position = self[el_id]
+
+        # Replace the original definition of this element with a regular block
+        if position.parent:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.NonTerminal, text=position.name)
+            if "item" in position.parent.kwargs:
+                position.parent.kwargs["item"] = ret
+            elif "items" in position.parent.kwargs:
+                position.parent.kwargs["items"][position.parent_index] = ret
+
+        # If the element we're extracting is a group, skip to its content but keep the title
+        if position.converted.func == railroad.Group:
+            content = position.converted.kwargs["item"]
+        else:
+            content = position.converted
+
+        self.diagrams[el_id] = EditablePartial.from_call(
+            NamedDiagram,
+            name=position.name,
+            diagram=EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.Diagram, content, **self.diagram_kwargs
+            ),
+            index=position.number,
+        )
+
+        del self[el_id]
+
+
+def _worth_extracting(element: pyparsing.ParserElement) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns true if this element is worth having its own sub-diagram. Simply, if any of its children
+    themselves have children, then its complex enough to extract
+    """
+    children = element.recurse()
+    return any(child.recurse() for child in children)
+
+
+def _apply_diagram_item_enhancements(fn):
+    """
+    decorator to ensure enhancements to a diagram item (such as results name annotations)
+    get applied on return from _to_diagram_element (we do this since there are several
+    returns in _to_diagram_element)
+    """
+
+    def _inner(
+        element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+        parent: typing.Optional[EditablePartial],
+        lookup: ConverterState = None,
+        vertical: int = None,
+        index: int = 0,
+        name_hint: str = None,
+        show_results_names: bool = False,
+        show_groups: bool = False,
+    ) -> typing.Optional[EditablePartial]:
+        ret = fn(
+            element,
+            parent,
+            lookup,
+            vertical,
+            index,
+            name_hint,
+            show_results_names,
+            show_groups,
+        )
+
+        # apply annotation for results name, if present
+        if show_results_names and ret is not None:
+            element_results_name = element.resultsName
+            if element_results_name:
+                # add "*" to indicate if this is a "list all results" name
+                element_results_name += "" if element.modalResults else "*"
+                ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                    railroad.Group, item=ret, label=element_results_name
+                )
+
+        return ret
+
+    return _inner
+
+
+def _visible_exprs(exprs: Iterable[pyparsing.ParserElement]):
+    non_diagramming_exprs = (
+        pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance,
+        pyparsing.PositionToken,
+        pyparsing.And._ErrorStop,
+    )
+    return [
+        e
+        for e in exprs
+        if not (e.customName or e.resultsName or isinstance(e, non_diagramming_exprs))
+    ]
+
+
+@_apply_diagram_item_enhancements
+def _to_diagram_element(
+    element: pyparsing.ParserElement,
+    parent: typing.Optional[EditablePartial],
+    lookup: ConverterState = None,
+    vertical: int = None,
+    index: int = 0,
+    name_hint: str = None,
+    show_results_names: bool = False,
+    show_groups: bool = False,
+) -> typing.Optional[EditablePartial]:
+    """
+    Recursively converts a PyParsing Element to a railroad Element
+    :param lookup: The shared converter state that keeps track of useful things
+    :param index: The index of this element within the parent
+    :param parent: The parent of this element in the output tree
+    :param vertical: Controls at what point we make a list of elements vertical. If this is an integer (the default),
+    it sets the threshold of the number of items before we go vertical. If True, always go vertical, if False, never
+    do so
+    :param name_hint: If provided, this will override the generated name
+    :param show_results_names: bool flag indicating whether to add annotations for results names
+    :returns: The converted version of the input element, but as a Partial that hasn't yet been constructed
+    :param show_groups: bool flag indicating whether to show groups using bounding box
+    """
+    exprs = element.recurse()
+    name = name_hint or element.customName or element.__class__.__name__
+
+    # Python's id() is used to provide a unique identifier for elements
+    el_id = id(element)
+
+    element_results_name = element.resultsName
+
+    # Here we basically bypass processing certain wrapper elements if they contribute nothing to the diagram
+    if not element.customName:
+        if isinstance(
+            element,
+            (
+                # pyparsing.TokenConverter,
+                # pyparsing.Forward,
+                pyparsing.Located,
+            ),
+        ):
+            # However, if this element has a useful custom name, and its child does not, we can pass it on to the child
+            if exprs:
+                if not exprs[0].customName:
+                    propagated_name = name
+                else:
+                    propagated_name = None
+
+                return _to_diagram_element(
+                    element.expr,
+                    parent=parent,
+                    lookup=lookup,
+                    vertical=vertical,
+                    index=index,
+                    name_hint=propagated_name,
+                    show_results_names=show_results_names,
+                    show_groups=show_groups,
+                )
+
+    # If the element isn't worth extracting, we always treat it as the first time we say it
+    if _worth_extracting(element):
+        if el_id in lookup:
+            # If we've seen this element exactly once before, we are only just now finding out that it's a duplicate,
+            # so we have to extract it into a new diagram.
+            looked_up = lookup[el_id]
+            looked_up.mark_for_extraction(el_id, lookup, name=name_hint)
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.NonTerminal, text=looked_up.name)
+            return ret
+
+        elif el_id in lookup.diagrams:
+            # If we have seen the element at least twice before, and have already extracted it into a subdiagram, we
+            # just put in a marker element that refers to the sub-diagram
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.NonTerminal, text=lookup.diagrams[el_id].kwargs["name"]
+            )
+            return ret
+
+    # Recursively convert child elements
+    # Here we find the most relevant Railroad element for matching pyparsing Element
+    # We use ``items=[]`` here to hold the place for where the child elements will go once created
+    if isinstance(element, pyparsing.And):
+        # detect And's created with ``expr*N`` notation - for these use a OneOrMore with a repeat
+        # (all will have the same name, and resultsName)
+        if not exprs:
+            return None
+        if len(set((e.name, e.resultsName) for e in exprs)) == 1:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.OneOrMore, item="", repeat=str(len(exprs))
+            )
+        elif _should_vertical(vertical, exprs):
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Stack, items=[])
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+    elif isinstance(element, (pyparsing.Or, pyparsing.MatchFirst)):
+        if not exprs:
+            return None
+        if _should_vertical(vertical, exprs):
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Choice, 0, items=[])
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.HorizontalChoice, items=[])
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Each):
+        if not exprs:
+            return None
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(EachItem, items=[])
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.NotAny):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="NOT", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.FollowedBy):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="LOOKAHEAD", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.PrecededBy):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="LOOKBEHIND", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Group):
+        if show_groups:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label="", item="")
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Group, label="", item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.TokenConverter):
+        label = type(element).__name__.lower()
+        if label == "tokenconverter":
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+        else:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(AnnotatedItem, label=label, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Opt):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Optional, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.OneOrMore):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.OneOrMore, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.ZeroOrMore):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.ZeroOrMore, item="")
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Group):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+            railroad.Group, item=None, label=element_results_name
+        )
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.Empty) and not element.customName:
+        # Skip unnamed "Empty" elements
+        ret = None
+    elif isinstance(element, pyparsing.ParseElementEnhance):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+    elif len(exprs) > 0 and not element_results_name:
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Group, item="", label=name)
+    elif len(exprs) > 0:
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Sequence, items=[])
+    else:
+        terminal = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Terminal, element.defaultName)
+        ret = terminal
+
+    if ret is None:
+        return
+
+    # Indicate this element's position in the tree so we can extract it if necessary
+    lookup[el_id] = ElementState(
+        element=element,
+        converted=ret,
+        parent=parent,
+        parent_index=index,
+        number=lookup.generate_index(),
+    )
+    if element.customName:
+        lookup[el_id].mark_for_extraction(el_id, lookup, element.customName)
+
+    i = 0
+    for expr in exprs:
+        # Add a placeholder index in case we have to extract the child before we even add it to the parent
+        if "items" in ret.kwargs:
+            ret.kwargs["items"].insert(i, None)
+
+        item = _to_diagram_element(
+            expr,
+            parent=ret,
+            lookup=lookup,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            index=i,
+            show_results_names=show_results_names,
+            show_groups=show_groups,
+        )
+
+        # Some elements don't need to be shown in the diagram
+        if item is not None:
+            if "item" in ret.kwargs:
+                ret.kwargs["item"] = item
+            elif "items" in ret.kwargs:
+                # If we've already extracted the child, don't touch this index, since it's occupied by a nonterminal
+                ret.kwargs["items"][i] = item
+                i += 1
+        elif "items" in ret.kwargs:
+            # If we're supposed to skip this element, remove it from the parent
+            del ret.kwargs["items"][i]
+
+    # If all this items children are none, skip this item
+    if ret and (
+        ("items" in ret.kwargs and len(ret.kwargs["items"]) == 0)
+        or ("item" in ret.kwargs and ret.kwargs["item"] is None)
+    ):
+        ret = EditablePartial.from_call(railroad.Terminal, name)
+
+    # Mark this element as "complete", ie it has all of its children
+    if el_id in lookup:
+        lookup[el_id].complete = True
+
+    if el_id in lookup and lookup[el_id].extract and lookup[el_id].complete:
+        lookup.extract_into_diagram(el_id)
+        if ret is not None:
+            ret = EditablePartial.from_call(
+                railroad.NonTerminal, text=lookup.diagrams[el_id].kwargs["name"]
+            )
+
+    return ret
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a94a6f
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/diagram/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12219f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# exceptions.py
+
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from .util import (
+    col,
+    line,
+    lineno,
+    _collapse_string_to_ranges,
+    replaced_by_pep8,
+)
+from .unicode import pyparsing_unicode as ppu
+
+
+class ExceptionWordUnicode(ppu.Latin1, ppu.LatinA, ppu.LatinB, ppu.Greek, ppu.Cyrillic):
+    pass
+
+
+_extract_alphanums = _collapse_string_to_ranges(ExceptionWordUnicode.alphanums)
+_exception_word_extractor = re.compile("([" + _extract_alphanums + "]{1,16})|.")
+
+
+class ParseBaseException(Exception):
+    """base exception class for all parsing runtime exceptions"""
+
+    loc: int
+    msg: str
+    pstr: str
+    parser_element: typing.Any  # "ParserElement"
+    args: typing.Tuple[str, int, typing.Optional[str]]
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "loc",
+        "msg",
+        "pstr",
+        "parser_element",
+        "args",
+    )
+
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pstr: str,
+        loc: int = 0,
+        msg: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        elem=None,
+    ):
+        self.loc = loc
+        if msg is None:
+            self.msg = pstr
+            self.pstr = ""
+        else:
+            self.msg = msg
+            self.pstr = pstr
+        self.parser_element = elem
+        self.args = (pstr, loc, msg)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def explain_exception(exc, depth=16):
+        """
+        Method to take an exception and translate the Python internal traceback into a list
+        of the pyparsing expressions that caused the exception to be raised.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - exc - exception raised during parsing (need not be a ParseException, in support
+          of Python exceptions that might be raised in a parse action)
+        - depth (default=16) - number of levels back in the stack trace to list expression
+          and function names; if None, the full stack trace names will be listed; if 0, only
+          the failing input line, marker, and exception string will be shown
+
+        Returns a multi-line string listing the ParserElements and/or function names in the
+        exception's stack trace.
+        """
+        import inspect
+        from .core import ParserElement
+
+        if depth is None:
+            depth = sys.getrecursionlimit()
+        ret = []
+        if isinstance(exc, ParseBaseException):
+            ret.append(exc.line)
+            ret.append(" " * (exc.column - 1) + "^")
+        ret.append(f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
+
+        if depth > 0:
+            callers = inspect.getinnerframes(exc.__traceback__, context=depth)
+            seen = set()
+            for i, ff in enumerate(callers[-depth:]):
+                frm = ff[0]
+
+                f_self = frm.f_locals.get("self", None)
+                if isinstance(f_self, ParserElement):
+                    if not frm.f_code.co_name.startswith(
+                        ("parseImpl", "_parseNoCache")
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    if id(f_self) in seen:
+                        continue
+                    seen.add(id(f_self))
+
+                    self_type = type(f_self)
+                    ret.append(
+                        f"{self_type.__module__}.{self_type.__name__} - {f_self}"
+                    )
+
+                elif f_self is not None:
+                    self_type = type(f_self)
+                    ret.append(f"{self_type.__module__}.{self_type.__name__}")
+
+                else:
+                    code = frm.f_code
+                    if code.co_name in ("wrapper", "<module>"):
+                        continue
+
+                    ret.append(code.co_name)
+
+                depth -= 1
+                if not depth:
+                    break
+
+        return "\n".join(ret)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_exception(cls, pe):
+        """
+        internal factory method to simplify creating one type of ParseException
+        from another - avoids having __init__ signature conflicts among subclasses
+        """
+        return cls(pe.pstr, pe.loc, pe.msg, pe.parser_element)
+
+    @property
+    def line(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the line of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return line(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    @property
+    def lineno(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the 1-based line number of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return lineno(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    @property
+    def col(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the 1-based column on the line of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return col(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    @property
+    def column(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return the 1-based column on the line of text where the exception occurred.
+        """
+        return col(self.loc, self.pstr)
+
+    # pre-PEP8 compatibility
+    @property
+    def parserElement(self):
+        return self.parser_element
+
+    @parserElement.setter
+    def parserElement(self, elem):
+        self.parser_element = elem
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.pstr:
+            if self.loc >= len(self.pstr):
+                foundstr = ", found end of text"
+            else:
+                # pull out next word at error location
+                found_match = _exception_word_extractor.match(self.pstr, self.loc)
+                if found_match is not None:
+                    found = found_match.group(0)
+                else:
+                    found = self.pstr[self.loc : self.loc + 1]
+                foundstr = (", found %r" % found).replace(r"\\", "\\")
+        else:
+            foundstr = ""
+        return f"{self.msg}{foundstr}  (at char {self.loc}), (line:{self.lineno}, col:{self.column})"
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+    def mark_input_line(
+        self, marker_string: typing.Optional[str] = None, *, markerString: str = ">!<"
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Extracts the exception line from the input string, and marks
+        the location of the exception with a special symbol.
+        """
+        markerString = marker_string if marker_string is not None else markerString
+        line_str = self.line
+        line_column = self.column - 1
+        if markerString:
+            line_str = "".join(
+                (line_str[:line_column], markerString, line_str[line_column:])
+            )
+        return line_str.strip()
+
+    def explain(self, depth=16) -> str:
+        """
+        Method to translate the Python internal traceback into a list
+        of the pyparsing expressions that caused the exception to be raised.
+
+        Parameters:
+
+        - depth (default=16) - number of levels back in the stack trace to list expression
+          and function names; if None, the full stack trace names will be listed; if 0, only
+          the failing input line, marker, and exception string will be shown
+
+        Returns a multi-line string listing the ParserElements and/or function names in the
+        exception's stack trace.
+
+        Example::
+
+            expr = pp.Word(pp.nums) * 3
+            try:
+                expr.parse_string("123 456 A789")
+            except pp.ParseException as pe:
+                print(pe.explain(depth=0))
+
+        prints::
+
+            123 456 A789
+                    ^
+            ParseException: Expected W:(0-9), found 'A'  (at char 8), (line:1, col:9)
+
+        Note: the diagnostic output will include string representations of the expressions
+        that failed to parse. These representations will be more helpful if you use `set_name` to
+        give identifiable names to your expressions. Otherwise they will use the default string
+        forms, which may be cryptic to read.
+
+        Note: pyparsing's default truncation of exception tracebacks may also truncate the
+        stack of expressions that are displayed in the ``explain`` output. To get the full listing
+        of parser expressions, you may have to set ``ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace = True``
+        """
+        return self.explain_exception(self, depth)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    @replaced_by_pep8(mark_input_line)
+    def markInputline(self): ...
+    # fmt: on
+
+
+class ParseException(ParseBaseException):
+    """
+    Exception thrown when a parse expression doesn't match the input string
+
+    Example::
+
+        try:
+            Word(nums).set_name("integer").parse_string("ABC")
+        except ParseException as pe:
+            print(pe)
+            print("column: {}".format(pe.column))
+
+    prints::
+
+       Expected integer (at char 0), (line:1, col:1)
+        column: 1
+
+    """
+
+
+class ParseFatalException(ParseBaseException):
+    """
+    User-throwable exception thrown when inconsistent parse content
+    is found; stops all parsing immediately
+    """
+
+
+class ParseSyntaxException(ParseFatalException):
+    """
+    Just like :class:`ParseFatalException`, but thrown internally
+    when an :class:`ErrorStop<And._ErrorStop>` ('-' operator) indicates
+    that parsing is to stop immediately because an unbacktrackable
+    syntax error has been found.
+    """
+
+
+class RecursiveGrammarException(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception thrown by :class:`ParserElement.validate` if the
+    grammar could be left-recursive; parser may need to enable
+    left recursion using :class:`ParserElement.enable_left_recursion<ParserElement.enable_left_recursion>`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, parseElementList):
+        self.parseElementTrace = parseElementList
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"RecursiveGrammarException: {self.parseElementTrace}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/helpers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..018f0d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@
+# helpers.py
+import html.entities
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from . import __diag__
+from .core import *
+from .util import (
+    _bslash,
+    _flatten,
+    _escape_regex_range_chars,
+    replaced_by_pep8,
+)
+
+
+#
+# global helpers
+#
+def counted_array(
+    expr: ParserElement,
+    int_expr: typing.Optional[ParserElement] = None,
+    *,
+    intExpr: typing.Optional[ParserElement] = None,
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to define a counted list of expressions.
+
+    This helper defines a pattern of the form::
+
+        integer expr expr expr...
+
+    where the leading integer tells how many expr expressions follow.
+    The matched tokens returns the array of expr tokens as a list - the
+    leading count token is suppressed.
+
+    If ``int_expr`` is specified, it should be a pyparsing expression
+    that produces an integer value.
+
+    Example::
+
+        counted_array(Word(alphas)).parse_string('2 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
+
+        # in this parser, the leading integer value is given in binary,
+        # '10' indicating that 2 values are in the array
+        binary_constant = Word('01').set_parse_action(lambda t: int(t[0], 2))
+        counted_array(Word(alphas), int_expr=binary_constant).parse_string('10 ab cd ef')  # -> ['ab', 'cd']
+
+        # if other fields must be parsed after the count but before the
+        # list items, give the fields results names and they will
+        # be preserved in the returned ParseResults:
+        count_with_metadata = integer + Word(alphas)("type")
+        typed_array = counted_array(Word(alphanums), int_expr=count_with_metadata)("items")
+        result = typed_array.parse_string("3 bool True True False")
+        print(result.dump())
+
+        # prints
+        # ['True', 'True', 'False']
+        # - items: ['True', 'True', 'False']
+        # - type: 'bool'
+    """
+    intExpr = intExpr or int_expr
+    array_expr = Forward()
+
+    def count_field_parse_action(s, l, t):
+        nonlocal array_expr
+        n = t[0]
+        array_expr <<= (expr * n) if n else Empty()
+        # clear list contents, but keep any named results
+        del t[:]
+
+    if intExpr is None:
+        intExpr = Word(nums).set_parse_action(lambda t: int(t[0]))
+    else:
+        intExpr = intExpr.copy()
+    intExpr.set_name("arrayLen")
+    intExpr.add_parse_action(count_field_parse_action, call_during_try=True)
+    return (intExpr + array_expr).set_name("(len) " + str(expr) + "...")
+
+
+def match_previous_literal(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks for
+    a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+
+        first = Word(nums)
+        second = match_previous_literal(first)
+        match_expr = first + ":" + second
+
+    will match ``"1:1"``, but not ``"1:2"``.  Because this
+    matches a previous literal, will also match the leading
+    ``"1:1"`` in ``"1:10"``. If this is not desired, use
+    :class:`match_previous_expr`. Do *not* use with packrat parsing
+    enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+
+    def copy_token_to_repeater(s, l, t):
+        if t:
+            if len(t) == 1:
+                rep << t[0]
+            else:
+                # flatten t tokens
+                tflat = _flatten(t.as_list())
+                rep << And(Literal(tt) for tt in tflat)
+        else:
+            rep << Empty()
+
+    expr.add_parse_action(copy_token_to_repeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    rep.set_name("(prev) " + str(expr))
+    return rep
+
+
+def match_previous_expr(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+    the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks for
+    a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+
+        first = Word(nums)
+        second = match_previous_expr(first)
+        match_expr = first + ":" + second
+
+    will match ``"1:1"``, but not ``"1:2"``.  Because this
+    matches by expressions, will *not* match the leading ``"1:1"``
+    in ``"1:10"``; the expressions are evaluated first, and then
+    compared, so ``"1"`` is compared with ``"10"``. Do *not* use
+    with packrat parsing enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+    e2 = expr.copy()
+    rep <<= e2
+
+    def copy_token_to_repeater(s, l, t):
+        matchTokens = _flatten(t.as_list())
+
+        def must_match_these_tokens(s, l, t):
+            theseTokens = _flatten(t.as_list())
+            if theseTokens != matchTokens:
+                raise ParseException(
+                    s, l, f"Expected {matchTokens}, found{theseTokens}"
+                )
+
+        rep.set_parse_action(must_match_these_tokens, callDuringTry=True)
+
+    expr.add_parse_action(copy_token_to_repeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    rep.set_name("(prev) " + str(expr))
+    return rep
+
+
+def one_of(
+    strs: Union[typing.Iterable[str], str],
+    caseless: bool = False,
+    use_regex: bool = True,
+    as_keyword: bool = False,
+    *,
+    useRegex: bool = True,
+    asKeyword: bool = False,
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to quickly define a set of alternative :class:`Literal` s,
+    and makes sure to do longest-first testing when there is a conflict,
+    regardless of the input order, but returns
+    a :class:`MatchFirst` for best performance.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``strs`` - a string of space-delimited literals, or a collection of
+      string literals
+    - ``caseless`` - treat all literals as caseless - (default= ``False``)
+    - ``use_regex`` - as an optimization, will
+      generate a :class:`Regex` object; otherwise, will generate
+      a :class:`MatchFirst` object (if ``caseless=True`` or ``as_keyword=True``, or if
+      creating a :class:`Regex` raises an exception) - (default= ``True``)
+    - ``as_keyword`` - enforce :class:`Keyword`-style matching on the
+      generated expressions - (default= ``False``)
+    - ``asKeyword`` and ``useRegex`` are retained for pre-PEP8 compatibility,
+      but will be removed in a future release
+
+    Example::
+
+        comp_oper = one_of("< = > <= >= !=")
+        var = Word(alphas)
+        number = Word(nums)
+        term = var | number
+        comparison_expr = term + comp_oper + term
+        print(comparison_expr.search_string("B = 12  AA=23 B<=AA AA>12"))
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['B', '=', '12'], ['AA', '=', '23'], ['B', '<=', 'AA'], ['AA', '>', '12']]
+    """
+    asKeyword = asKeyword or as_keyword
+    useRegex = useRegex and use_regex
+
+    if (
+        isinstance(caseless, str_type)
+        and __diag__.warn_on_multiple_string_args_to_oneof
+    ):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "More than one string argument passed to one_of, pass"
+            " choices as a list or space-delimited string",
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    if caseless:
+        isequal = lambda a, b: a.upper() == b.upper()
+        masks = lambda a, b: b.upper().startswith(a.upper())
+        parseElementClass = CaselessKeyword if asKeyword else CaselessLiteral
+    else:
+        isequal = lambda a, b: a == b
+        masks = lambda a, b: b.startswith(a)
+        parseElementClass = Keyword if asKeyword else Literal
+
+    symbols: List[str] = []
+    if isinstance(strs, str_type):
+        strs = typing.cast(str, strs)
+        symbols = strs.split()
+    elif isinstance(strs, Iterable):
+        symbols = list(strs)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Invalid argument to one_of, expected string or iterable")
+    if not symbols:
+        return NoMatch()
+
+    # reorder given symbols to take care to avoid masking longer choices with shorter ones
+    # (but only if the given symbols are not just single characters)
+    if any(len(sym) > 1 for sym in symbols):
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(symbols) - 1:
+            cur = symbols[i]
+            for j, other in enumerate(symbols[i + 1 :]):
+                if isequal(other, cur):
+                    del symbols[i + j + 1]
+                    break
+                elif masks(cur, other):
+                    del symbols[i + j + 1]
+                    symbols.insert(i, other)
+                    break
+            else:
+                i += 1
+
+    if useRegex:
+        re_flags: int = re.IGNORECASE if caseless else 0
+
+        try:
+            if all(len(sym) == 1 for sym in symbols):
+                # symbols are just single characters, create range regex pattern
+                patt = f"[{''.join(_escape_regex_range_chars(sym) for sym in symbols)}]"
+            else:
+                patt = "|".join(re.escape(sym) for sym in symbols)
+
+            # wrap with \b word break markers if defining as keywords
+            if asKeyword:
+                patt = rf"\b(?:{patt})\b"
+
+            ret = Regex(patt, flags=re_flags).set_name(" | ".join(symbols))
+
+            if caseless:
+                # add parse action to return symbols as specified, not in random
+                # casing as found in input string
+                symbol_map = {sym.lower(): sym for sym in symbols}
+                ret.add_parse_action(lambda s, l, t: symbol_map[t[0].lower()])
+
+            return ret
+
+        except re.error:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Exception creating Regex for one_of, building MatchFirst", stacklevel=2
+            )
+
+    # last resort, just use MatchFirst
+    return MatchFirst(parseElementClass(sym) for sym in symbols).set_name(
+        " | ".join(symbols)
+    )
+
+
+def dict_of(key: ParserElement, value: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to easily and clearly define a dictionary by specifying
+    the respective patterns for the key and value.  Takes care of
+    defining the :class:`Dict`, :class:`ZeroOrMore`, and
+    :class:`Group` tokens in the proper order.  The key pattern
+    can include delimiting markers or punctuation, as long as they are
+    suppressed, thereby leaving the significant key text.  The value
+    pattern can include named results, so that the :class:`Dict` results
+    can include named token fields.
+
+    Example::
+
+        text = "shape: SQUARE posn: upper left color: light blue texture: burlap"
+        attr_expr = (label + Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join))
+        print(attr_expr[1, ...].parse_string(text).dump())
+
+        attr_label = label
+        attr_value = Suppress(':') + OneOrMore(data_word, stop_on=label).set_parse_action(' '.join)
+
+        # similar to Dict, but simpler call format
+        result = dict_of(attr_label, attr_value).parse_string(text)
+        print(result.dump())
+        print(result['shape'])
+        print(result.shape)  # object attribute access works too
+        print(result.as_dict())
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['shape', 'SQUARE'], ['posn', 'upper left'], ['color', 'light blue'], ['texture', 'burlap']]
+        - color: 'light blue'
+        - posn: 'upper left'
+        - shape: 'SQUARE'
+        - texture: 'burlap'
+        SQUARE
+        SQUARE
+        {'color': 'light blue', 'shape': 'SQUARE', 'posn': 'upper left', 'texture': 'burlap'}
+    """
+    return Dict(OneOrMore(Group(key + value)))
+
+
+def original_text_for(
+    expr: ParserElement, as_string: bool = True, *, asString: bool = True
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to return the original, untokenized text for a given
+    expression.  Useful to restore the parsed fields of an HTML start
+    tag into the raw tag text itself, or to revert separate tokens with
+    intervening whitespace back to the original matching input text. By
+    default, returns a string containing the original parsed text.
+
+    If the optional ``as_string`` argument is passed as
+    ``False``, then the return value is
+    a :class:`ParseResults` containing any results names that
+    were originally matched, and a single token containing the original
+    matched text from the input string.  So if the expression passed to
+    :class:`original_text_for` contains expressions with defined
+    results names, you must set ``as_string`` to ``False`` if you
+    want to preserve those results name values.
+
+    The ``asString`` pre-PEP8 argument is retained for compatibility,
+    but will be removed in a future release.
+
+    Example::
+
+        src = "this is test <b> bold <i>text</i> </b> normal text "
+        for tag in ("b", "i"):
+            opener, closer = make_html_tags(tag)
+            patt = original_text_for(opener + ... + closer)
+            print(patt.search_string(src)[0])
+
+    prints::
+
+        ['<b> bold <i>text</i> </b>']
+        ['<i>text</i>']
+    """
+    asString = asString and as_string
+
+    locMarker = Empty().set_parse_action(lambda s, loc, t: loc)
+    endlocMarker = locMarker.copy()
+    endlocMarker.callPreparse = False
+    matchExpr = locMarker("_original_start") + expr + endlocMarker("_original_end")
+    if asString:
+        extractText = lambda s, l, t: s[t._original_start : t._original_end]
+    else:
+
+        def extractText(s, l, t):
+            t[:] = [s[t.pop("_original_start") : t.pop("_original_end")]]
+
+    matchExpr.set_parse_action(extractText)
+    matchExpr.ignoreExprs = expr.ignoreExprs
+    matchExpr.suppress_warning(Diagnostics.warn_ungrouped_named_tokens_in_collection)
+    return matchExpr
+
+
+def ungroup(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper to undo pyparsing's default grouping of And expressions,
+    even if all but one are non-empty.
+    """
+    return TokenConverter(expr).add_parse_action(lambda t: t[0])
+
+
+def locatedExpr(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
+    """
+    (DEPRECATED - future code should use the :class:`Located` class)
+    Helper to decorate a returned token with its starting and ending
+    locations in the input string.
+
+    This helper adds the following results names:
+
+    - ``locn_start`` - location where matched expression begins
+    - ``locn_end`` - location where matched expression ends
+    - ``value`` - the actual parsed results
+
+    Be careful if the input text contains ``<TAB>`` characters, you
+    may want to call :class:`ParserElement.parse_with_tabs`
+
+    Example::
+
+        wd = Word(alphas)
+        for match in locatedExpr(wd).search_string("ljsdf123lksdjjf123lkkjj1222"):
+            print(match)
+
+    prints::
+
+        [[0, 'ljsdf', 5]]
+        [[8, 'lksdjjf', 15]]
+        [[18, 'lkkjj', 23]]
+    """
+    locator = Empty().set_parse_action(lambda ss, ll, tt: ll)
+    return Group(
+        locator("locn_start")
+        + expr("value")
+        + locator.copy().leaveWhitespace()("locn_end")
+    )
+
+
+def nested_expr(
+    opener: Union[str, ParserElement] = "(",
+    closer: Union[str, ParserElement] = ")",
+    content: typing.Optional[ParserElement] = None,
+    ignore_expr: ParserElement = quoted_string(),
+    *,
+    ignoreExpr: ParserElement = quoted_string(),
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper method for defining nested lists enclosed in opening and
+    closing delimiters (``"("`` and ``")"`` are the default).
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``opener`` - opening character for a nested list
+      (default= ``"("``); can also be a pyparsing expression
+    - ``closer`` - closing character for a nested list
+      (default= ``")"``); can also be a pyparsing expression
+    - ``content`` - expression for items within the nested lists
+      (default= ``None``)
+    - ``ignore_expr`` - expression for ignoring opening and closing delimiters
+      (default= :class:`quoted_string`)
+    - ``ignoreExpr`` - this pre-PEP8 argument is retained for compatibility
+      but will be removed in a future release
+
+    If an expression is not provided for the content argument, the
+    nested expression will capture all whitespace-delimited content
+    between delimiters as a list of separate values.
+
+    Use the ``ignore_expr`` argument to define expressions that may
+    contain opening or closing characters that should not be treated as
+    opening or closing characters for nesting, such as quoted_string or
+    a comment expression.  Specify multiple expressions using an
+    :class:`Or` or :class:`MatchFirst`. The default is
+    :class:`quoted_string`, but if no expressions are to be ignored, then
+    pass ``None`` for this argument.
+
+    Example::
+
+        data_type = one_of("void int short long char float double")
+        decl_data_type = Combine(data_type + Opt(Word('*')))
+        ident = Word(alphas+'_', alphanums+'_')
+        number = pyparsing_common.number
+        arg = Group(decl_data_type + ident)
+        LPAR, RPAR = map(Suppress, "()")
+
+        code_body = nested_expr('{', '}', ignore_expr=(quoted_string | c_style_comment))
+
+        c_function = (decl_data_type("type")
+                      + ident("name")
+                      + LPAR + Opt(DelimitedList(arg), [])("args") + RPAR
+                      + code_body("body"))
+        c_function.ignore(c_style_comment)
+
+        source_code = '''
+            int is_odd(int x) {
+                return (x%2);
+            }
+
+            int dec_to_hex(char hchar) {
+                if (hchar >= '0' && hchar <= '9') {
+                    return (ord(hchar)-ord('0'));
+                } else {
+                    return (10+ord(hchar)-ord('A'));
+                }
+            }
+        '''
+        for func in c_function.search_string(source_code):
+            print("%(name)s (%(type)s) args: %(args)s" % func)
+
+
+    prints::
+
+        is_odd (int) args: [['int', 'x']]
+        dec_to_hex (int) args: [['char', 'hchar']]
+    """
+    if ignoreExpr != ignore_expr:
+        ignoreExpr = ignore_expr if ignoreExpr == quoted_string() else ignoreExpr
+    if opener == closer:
+        raise ValueError("opening and closing strings cannot be the same")
+    if content is None:
+        if isinstance(opener, str_type) and isinstance(closer, str_type):
+            opener = typing.cast(str, opener)
+            closer = typing.cast(str, closer)
+            if len(opener) == 1 and len(closer) == 1:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = Combine(
+                        OneOrMore(
+                            ~ignoreExpr
+                            + CharsNotIn(
+                                opener + closer + ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,
+                                exact=1,
+                            )
+                        )
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+                else:
+                    content = empty.copy() + CharsNotIn(
+                        opener + closer + ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+            else:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = Combine(
+                        OneOrMore(
+                            ~ignoreExpr
+                            + ~Literal(opener)
+                            + ~Literal(closer)
+                            + CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS, exact=1)
+                        )
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+                else:
+                    content = Combine(
+                        OneOrMore(
+                            ~Literal(opener)
+                            + ~Literal(closer)
+                            + CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS, exact=1)
+                        )
+                    ).set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].strip())
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "opening and closing arguments must be strings if no content expression is given"
+            )
+    ret = Forward()
+    if ignoreExpr is not None:
+        ret <<= Group(
+            Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore(ignoreExpr | ret | content) + Suppress(closer)
+        )
+    else:
+        ret <<= Group(Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore(ret | content) + Suppress(closer))
+    ret.set_name("nested %s%s expression" % (opener, closer))
+    return ret
+
+
+def _makeTags(tagStr, xml, suppress_LT=Suppress("<"), suppress_GT=Suppress(">")):
+    """Internal helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions, given a tag name"""
+    if isinstance(tagStr, str_type):
+        resname = tagStr
+        tagStr = Keyword(tagStr, caseless=not xml)
+    else:
+        resname = tagStr.name
+
+    tagAttrName = Word(alphas, alphanums + "_-:")
+    if xml:
+        tagAttrValue = dbl_quoted_string.copy().set_parse_action(remove_quotes)
+        openTag = (
+            suppress_LT
+            + tagStr("tag")
+            + Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group(tagAttrName + Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue)))
+            + Opt("/", default=[False])("empty").set_parse_action(
+                lambda s, l, t: t[0] == "/"
+            )
+            + suppress_GT
+        )
+    else:
+        tagAttrValue = quoted_string.copy().set_parse_action(remove_quotes) | Word(
+            printables, exclude_chars=">"
+        )
+        openTag = (
+            suppress_LT
+            + tagStr("tag")
+            + Dict(
+                ZeroOrMore(
+                    Group(
+                        tagAttrName.set_parse_action(lambda t: t[0].lower())
+                        + Opt(Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue)
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+            + Opt("/", default=[False])("empty").set_parse_action(
+                lambda s, l, t: t[0] == "/"
+            )
+            + suppress_GT
+        )
+    closeTag = Combine(Literal("</") + tagStr + ">", adjacent=False)
+
+    openTag.set_name("<%s>" % resname)
+    # add start<tagname> results name in parse action now that ungrouped names are not reported at two levels
+    openTag.add_parse_action(
+        lambda t: t.__setitem__(
+            "start" + "".join(resname.replace(":", " ").title().split()), t.copy()
+        )
+    )
+    closeTag = closeTag(
+        "end" + "".join(resname.replace(":", " ").title().split())
+    ).set_name("</%s>" % resname)
+    openTag.tag = resname
+    closeTag.tag = resname
+    openTag.tag_body = SkipTo(closeTag())
+    return openTag, closeTag
+
+
+def make_html_tags(
+    tag_str: Union[str, ParserElement]
+) -> Tuple[ParserElement, ParserElement]:
+    """Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for HTML,
+    given a tag name. Matches tags in either upper or lower case,
+    attributes with namespaces and with quoted or unquoted values.
+
+    Example::
+
+        text = '<td>More info at the <a href="https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing/wiki">pyparsing</a> wiki page</td>'
+        # make_html_tags returns pyparsing expressions for the opening and
+        # closing tags as a 2-tuple
+        a, a_end = make_html_tags("A")
+        link_expr = a + SkipTo(a_end)("link_text") + a_end
+
+        for link in link_expr.search_string(text):
+            # attributes in the <A> tag (like "href" shown here) are
+            # also accessible as named results
+            print(link.link_text, '->', link.href)
+
+    prints::
+
+        pyparsing -> https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing/wiki
+    """
+    return _makeTags(tag_str, False)
+
+
+def make_xml_tags(
+    tag_str: Union[str, ParserElement]
+) -> Tuple[ParserElement, ParserElement]:
+    """Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for XML,
+    given a tag name. Matches tags only in the given upper/lower case.
+
+    Example: similar to :class:`make_html_tags`
+    """
+    return _makeTags(tag_str, True)
+
+
+any_open_tag: ParserElement
+any_close_tag: ParserElement
+any_open_tag, any_close_tag = make_html_tags(
+    Word(alphas, alphanums + "_:").set_name("any tag")
+)
+
+_htmlEntityMap = {k.rstrip(";"): v for k, v in html.entities.html5.items()}
+common_html_entity = Regex("&(?P<entity>" + "|".join(_htmlEntityMap) + ");").set_name(
+    "common HTML entity"
+)
+
+
+def replace_html_entity(s, l, t):
+    """Helper parser action to replace common HTML entities with their special characters"""
+    return _htmlEntityMap.get(t.entity)
+
+
+class OpAssoc(Enum):
+    """Enumeration of operator associativity
+    - used in constructing InfixNotationOperatorSpec for :class:`infix_notation`"""
+
+    LEFT = 1
+    RIGHT = 2
+
+
+InfixNotationOperatorArgType = Union[
+    ParserElement, str, Tuple[Union[ParserElement, str], Union[ParserElement, str]]
+]
+InfixNotationOperatorSpec = Union[
+    Tuple[
+        InfixNotationOperatorArgType,
+        int,
+        OpAssoc,
+        typing.Optional[ParseAction],
+    ],
+    Tuple[
+        InfixNotationOperatorArgType,
+        int,
+        OpAssoc,
+    ],
+]
+
+
+def infix_notation(
+    base_expr: ParserElement,
+    op_list: List[InfixNotationOperatorSpec],
+    lpar: Union[str, ParserElement] = Suppress("("),
+    rpar: Union[str, ParserElement] = Suppress(")"),
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """Helper method for constructing grammars of expressions made up of
+    operators working in a precedence hierarchy.  Operators may be unary
+    or binary, left- or right-associative.  Parse actions can also be
+    attached to operator expressions. The generated parser will also
+    recognize the use of parentheses to override operator precedences
+    (see example below).
+
+    Note: if you define a deep operator list, you may see performance
+    issues when using infix_notation. See
+    :class:`ParserElement.enable_packrat` for a mechanism to potentially
+    improve your parser performance.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``base_expr`` - expression representing the most basic operand to
+      be used in the expression
+    - ``op_list`` - list of tuples, one for each operator precedence level
+      in the expression grammar; each tuple is of the form ``(op_expr,
+      num_operands, right_left_assoc, (optional)parse_action)``, where:
+
+      - ``op_expr`` is the pyparsing expression for the operator; may also
+        be a string, which will be converted to a Literal; if ``num_operands``
+        is 3, ``op_expr`` is a tuple of two expressions, for the two
+        operators separating the 3 terms
+      - ``num_operands`` is the number of terms for this operator (must be 1,
+        2, or 3)
+      - ``right_left_assoc`` is the indicator whether the operator is right
+        or left associative, using the pyparsing-defined constants
+        ``OpAssoc.RIGHT`` and ``OpAssoc.LEFT``.
+      - ``parse_action`` is the parse action to be associated with
+        expressions matching this operator expression (the parse action
+        tuple member may be omitted); if the parse action is passed
+        a tuple or list of functions, this is equivalent to calling
+        ``set_parse_action(*fn)``
+        (:class:`ParserElement.set_parse_action`)
+    - ``lpar`` - expression for matching left-parentheses; if passed as a
+      str, then will be parsed as ``Suppress(lpar)``. If lpar is passed as
+      an expression (such as ``Literal('(')``), then it will be kept in
+      the parsed results, and grouped with them. (default= ``Suppress('(')``)
+    - ``rpar`` - expression for matching right-parentheses; if passed as a
+      str, then will be parsed as ``Suppress(rpar)``. If rpar is passed as
+      an expression (such as ``Literal(')')``), then it will be kept in
+      the parsed results, and grouped with them. (default= ``Suppress(')')``)
+
+    Example::
+
+        # simple example of four-function arithmetic with ints and
+        # variable names
+        integer = pyparsing_common.signed_integer
+        varname = pyparsing_common.identifier
+
+        arith_expr = infix_notation(integer | varname,
+            [
+            ('-', 1, OpAssoc.RIGHT),
+            (one_of('* /'), 2, OpAssoc.LEFT),
+            (one_of('+ -'), 2, OpAssoc.LEFT),
+            ])
+
+        arith_expr.run_tests('''
+            5+3*6
+            (5+3)*6
+            -2--11
+            ''', full_dump=False)
+
+    prints::
+
+        5+3*6
+        [[5, '+', [3, '*', 6]]]
+
+        (5+3)*6
+        [[[5, '+', 3], '*', 6]]
+
+        (5+x)*y
+        [[[5, '+', 'x'], '*', 'y']]
+
+        -2--11
+        [[['-', 2], '-', ['-', 11]]]
+    """
+
+    # captive version of FollowedBy that does not do parse actions or capture results names
+    class _FB(FollowedBy):
+        def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
+            self.expr.try_parse(instring, loc)
+            return loc, []
+
+    _FB.__name__ = "FollowedBy>"
+
+    ret = Forward()
+    if isinstance(lpar, str):
+        lpar = Suppress(lpar)
+    if isinstance(rpar, str):
+        rpar = Suppress(rpar)
+
+    # if lpar and rpar are not suppressed, wrap in group
+    if not (isinstance(rpar, Suppress) and isinstance(rpar, Suppress)):
+        lastExpr = base_expr | Group(lpar + ret + rpar)
+    else:
+        lastExpr = base_expr | (lpar + ret + rpar)
+
+    arity: int
+    rightLeftAssoc: opAssoc
+    pa: typing.Optional[ParseAction]
+    opExpr1: ParserElement
+    opExpr2: ParserElement
+    for i, operDef in enumerate(op_list):
+        opExpr, arity, rightLeftAssoc, pa = (operDef + (None,))[:4]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if isinstance(opExpr, str_type):
+            opExpr = ParserElement._literalStringClass(opExpr)
+        opExpr = typing.cast(ParserElement, opExpr)
+        if arity == 3:
+            if not isinstance(opExpr, (tuple, list)) or len(opExpr) != 2:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "if numterms=3, opExpr must be a tuple or list of two expressions"
+                )
+            opExpr1, opExpr2 = opExpr
+            term_name = f"{opExpr1}{opExpr2} term"
+        else:
+            term_name = f"{opExpr} term"
+
+        if not 1 <= arity <= 3:
+            raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
+
+        if rightLeftAssoc not in (OpAssoc.LEFT, OpAssoc.RIGHT):
+            raise ValueError("operator must indicate right or left associativity")
+
+        thisExpr: ParserElement = Forward().set_name(term_name)
+        thisExpr = typing.cast(Forward, thisExpr)
+        if rightLeftAssoc is OpAssoc.LEFT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + opExpr) + Group(lastExpr + opExpr[1, ...])
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + opExpr + lastExpr) + Group(
+                        lastExpr + (opExpr + lastExpr)[1, ...]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + lastExpr) + Group(lastExpr[2, ...])
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = _FB(
+                    lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr
+                ) + Group(lastExpr + OneOrMore(opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr))
+        elif rightLeftAssoc is OpAssoc.RIGHT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                # try to avoid LR with this extra test
+                if not isinstance(opExpr, Opt):
+                    opExpr = Opt(opExpr)
+                matchExpr = _FB(opExpr.expr + thisExpr) + Group(opExpr + thisExpr)
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + opExpr + thisExpr) + Group(
+                        lastExpr + (opExpr + thisExpr)[1, ...]
+                    )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = _FB(lastExpr + thisExpr) + Group(
+                        lastExpr + thisExpr[1, ...]
+                    )
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = _FB(
+                    lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr
+                ) + Group(lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr)
+        if pa:
+            if isinstance(pa, (tuple, list)):
+                matchExpr.set_parse_action(*pa)
+            else:
+                matchExpr.set_parse_action(pa)
+        thisExpr <<= (matchExpr | lastExpr).setName(term_name)
+        lastExpr = thisExpr
+    ret <<= lastExpr
+    return ret
+
+
+def indentedBlock(blockStatementExpr, indentStack, indent=True, backup_stacks=[]):
+    """
+    (DEPRECATED - use :class:`IndentedBlock` class instead)
+    Helper method for defining space-delimited indentation blocks,
+    such as those used to define block statements in Python source code.
+
+    Parameters:
+
+    - ``blockStatementExpr`` - expression defining syntax of statement that
+      is repeated within the indented block
+    - ``indentStack`` - list created by caller to manage indentation stack
+      (multiple ``statementWithIndentedBlock`` expressions within a single
+      grammar should share a common ``indentStack``)
+    - ``indent`` - boolean indicating whether block must be indented beyond
+      the current level; set to ``False`` for block of left-most statements
+      (default= ``True``)
+
+    A valid block must contain at least one ``blockStatement``.
+
+    (Note that indentedBlock uses internal parse actions which make it
+    incompatible with packrat parsing.)
+
+    Example::
+
+        data = '''
+        def A(z):
+          A1
+          B = 100
+          G = A2
+          A2
+          A3
+        B
+        def BB(a,b,c):
+          BB1
+          def BBA():
+            bba1
+            bba2
+            bba3
+        C
+        D
+        def spam(x,y):
+             def eggs(z):
+                 pass
+        '''
+
+
+        indentStack = [1]
+        stmt = Forward()
+
+        identifier = Word(alphas, alphanums)
+        funcDecl = ("def" + identifier + Group("(" + Opt(delimitedList(identifier)) + ")") + ":")
+        func_body = indentedBlock(stmt, indentStack)
+        funcDef = Group(funcDecl + func_body)
+
+        rvalue = Forward()
+        funcCall = Group(identifier + "(" + Opt(delimitedList(rvalue)) + ")")
+        rvalue << (funcCall | identifier | Word(nums))
+        assignment = Group(identifier + "=" + rvalue)
+        stmt << (funcDef | assignment | identifier)
+
+        module_body = stmt[1, ...]
+
+        parseTree = module_body.parseString(data)
+        parseTree.pprint()
+
+    prints::
+
+        [['def',
+          'A',
+          ['(', 'z', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [['A1'], [['B', '=', '100']], [['G', '=', 'A2']], ['A2'], ['A3']]],
+         'B',
+         ['def',
+          'BB',
+          ['(', 'a', 'b', 'c', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [['BB1'], [['def', 'BBA', ['(', ')'], ':', [['bba1'], ['bba2'], ['bba3']]]]]],
+         'C',
+         'D',
+         ['def',
+          'spam',
+          ['(', 'x', 'y', ')'],
+          ':',
+          [[['def', 'eggs', ['(', 'z', ')'], ':', [['pass']]]]]]]
+    """
+    backup_stacks.append(indentStack[:])
+
+    def reset_stack():
+        indentStack[:] = backup_stacks[-1]
+
+    def checkPeerIndent(s, l, t):
+        if l >= len(s):
+            return
+        curCol = col(l, s)
+        if curCol != indentStack[-1]:
+            if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+                raise ParseException(s, l, "illegal nesting")
+            raise ParseException(s, l, "not a peer entry")
+
+    def checkSubIndent(s, l, t):
+        curCol = col(l, s)
+        if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+            indentStack.append(curCol)
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(s, l, "not a subentry")
+
+    def checkUnindent(s, l, t):
+        if l >= len(s):
+            return
+        curCol = col(l, s)
+        if not (indentStack and curCol in indentStack):
+            raise ParseException(s, l, "not an unindent")
+        if curCol < indentStack[-1]:
+            indentStack.pop()
+
+    NL = OneOrMore(LineEnd().set_whitespace_chars("\t ").suppress())
+    INDENT = (Empty() + Empty().set_parse_action(checkSubIndent)).set_name("INDENT")
+    PEER = Empty().set_parse_action(checkPeerIndent).set_name("")
+    UNDENT = Empty().set_parse_action(checkUnindent).set_name("UNINDENT")
+    if indent:
+        smExpr = Group(
+            Opt(NL)
+            + INDENT
+            + OneOrMore(PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Opt(NL))
+            + UNDENT
+        )
+    else:
+        smExpr = Group(
+            Opt(NL)
+            + OneOrMore(PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Opt(NL))
+            + Opt(UNDENT)
+        )
+
+    # add a parse action to remove backup_stack from list of backups
+    smExpr.add_parse_action(
+        lambda: backup_stacks.pop(-1) and None if backup_stacks else None
+    )
+    smExpr.set_fail_action(lambda a, b, c, d: reset_stack())
+    blockStatementExpr.ignore(_bslash + LineEnd())
+    return smExpr.set_name("indented block")
+
+
+# it's easy to get these comment structures wrong - they're very common, so may as well make them available
+c_style_comment = Combine(Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + "*/").set_name(
+    "C style comment"
+)
+"Comment of the form ``/* ... */``"
+
+html_comment = Regex(r"<!--[\s\S]*?-->").set_name("HTML comment")
+"Comment of the form ``<!-- ... -->``"
+
+rest_of_line = Regex(r".*").leave_whitespace().set_name("rest of line")
+dbl_slash_comment = Regex(r"//(?:\\\n|[^\n])*").set_name("// comment")
+"Comment of the form ``// ... (to end of line)``"
+
+cpp_style_comment = Combine(
+    Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]|\*(?!/))*") + "*/" | dbl_slash_comment
+).set_name("C++ style comment")
+"Comment of either form :class:`c_style_comment` or :class:`dbl_slash_comment`"
+
+java_style_comment = cpp_style_comment
+"Same as :class:`cpp_style_comment`"
+
+python_style_comment = Regex(r"#.*").set_name("Python style comment")
+"Comment of the form ``# ... (to end of line)``"
+
+
+# build list of built-in expressions, for future reference if a global default value
+# gets updated
+_builtin_exprs: List[ParserElement] = [
+    v for v in vars().values() if isinstance(v, ParserElement)
+]
+
+
+# compatibility function, superseded by DelimitedList class
+def delimited_list(
+    expr: Union[str, ParserElement],
+    delim: Union[str, ParserElement] = ",",
+    combine: bool = False,
+    min: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+    max: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+    *,
+    allow_trailing_delim: bool = False,
+) -> ParserElement:
+    """(DEPRECATED - use :class:`DelimitedList` class)"""
+    return DelimitedList(
+        expr, delim, combine, min, max, allow_trailing_delim=allow_trailing_delim
+    )
+
+
+# pre-PEP8 compatible names
+# fmt: off
+opAssoc = OpAssoc
+anyOpenTag = any_open_tag
+anyCloseTag = any_close_tag
+commonHTMLEntity = common_html_entity
+cStyleComment = c_style_comment
+htmlComment = html_comment
+restOfLine = rest_of_line
+dblSlashComment = dbl_slash_comment
+cppStyleComment = cpp_style_comment
+javaStyleComment = java_style_comment
+pythonStyleComment = python_style_comment
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(DelimitedList)
+def delimitedList(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(DelimitedList)
+def delimited_list(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(counted_array)
+def countedArray(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(match_previous_literal)
+def matchPreviousLiteral(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(match_previous_expr)
+def matchPreviousExpr(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(one_of)
+def oneOf(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(dict_of)
+def dictOf(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(original_text_for)
+def originalTextFor(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(nested_expr)
+def nestedExpr(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(make_html_tags)
+def makeHTMLTags(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(make_xml_tags)
+def makeXMLTags(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(replace_html_entity)
+def replaceHTMLEntity(): ...
+
+@replaced_by_pep8(infix_notation)
+def infixNotation(): ...
+# fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/results.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/results.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0313049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/results.py
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+# results.py
+from collections.abc import (
+    MutableMapping,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableSequence,
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+    Container,
+)
+import pprint
+from typing import Tuple, Any, Dict, Set, List
+
+str_type: Tuple[type, ...] = (str, bytes)
+_generator_type = type((_ for _ in ()))
+
+
+class _ParseResultsWithOffset:
+    tup: Tuple["ParseResults", int]
+    __slots__ = ["tup"]
+
+    def __init__(self, p1: "ParseResults", p2: int):
+        self.tup: Tuple[ParseResults, int] = (p1, p2)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        return self.tup[i]
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self.tup
+
+    def __setstate__(self, *args):
+        self.tup = args[0]
+
+
+class ParseResults:
+    """Structured parse results, to provide multiple means of access to
+    the parsed data:
+
+    - as a list (``len(results)``)
+    - by list index (``results[0], results[1]``, etc.)
+    - by attribute (``results.<results_name>`` - see :class:`ParserElement.set_results_name`)
+
+    Example::
+
+        integer = Word(nums)
+        date_str = (integer.set_results_name("year") + '/'
+                    + integer.set_results_name("month") + '/'
+                    + integer.set_results_name("day"))
+        # equivalent form:
+        # date_str = (integer("year") + '/'
+        #             + integer("month") + '/'
+        #             + integer("day"))
+
+        # parse_string returns a ParseResults object
+        result = date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")
+
+        def test(s, fn=repr):
+            print(f"{s} -> {fn(eval(s))}")
+        test("list(result)")
+        test("result[0]")
+        test("result['month']")
+        test("result.day")
+        test("'month' in result")
+        test("'minutes' in result")
+        test("result.dump()", str)
+
+    prints::
+
+        list(result) -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+        result[0] -> '1999'
+        result['month'] -> '12'
+        result.day -> '31'
+        'month' in result -> True
+        'minutes' in result -> False
+        result.dump() -> ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+        - day: '31'
+        - month: '12'
+        - year: '1999'
+    """
+
+    _null_values: Tuple[Any, ...] = (None, [], ())
+
+    _name: str
+    _parent: "ParseResults"
+    _all_names: Set[str]
+    _modal: bool
+    _toklist: List[Any]
+    _tokdict: Dict[str, Any]
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_name",
+        "_parent",
+        "_all_names",
+        "_modal",
+        "_toklist",
+        "_tokdict",
+    )
+
+    class List(list):
+        """
+        Simple wrapper class to distinguish parsed list results that should be preserved
+        as actual Python lists, instead of being converted to :class:`ParseResults`::
+
+            LBRACK, RBRACK = map(pp.Suppress, "[]")
+            element = pp.Forward()
+            item = ppc.integer
+            element_list = LBRACK + pp.DelimitedList(element) + RBRACK
+
+            # add parse actions to convert from ParseResults to actual Python collection types
+            def as_python_list(t):
+                return pp.ParseResults.List(t.as_list())
+            element_list.add_parse_action(as_python_list)
+
+            element <<= item | element_list
+
+            element.run_tests('''
+                100
+                [2,3,4]
+                [[2, 1],3,4]
+                [(2, 1),3,4]
+                (2,3,4)
+                ''', post_parse=lambda s, r: (r[0], type(r[0])))
+
+        prints::
+
+            100
+            (100, <class 'int'>)
+
+            [2,3,4]
+            ([2, 3, 4], <class 'list'>)
+
+            [[2, 1],3,4]
+            ([[2, 1], 3, 4], <class 'list'>)
+
+        (Used internally by :class:`Group` when `aslist=True`.)
+        """
+
+        def __new__(cls, contained=None):
+            if contained is None:
+                contained = []
+
+            if not isinstance(contained, list):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"{cls.__name__} may only be constructed with a list, not {type(contained).__name__}"
+                )
+
+            return list.__new__(cls)
+
+    def __new__(cls, toklist=None, name=None, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults):
+            return toklist
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        self._name = None
+        self._parent = None
+        self._all_names = set()
+
+        if toklist is None:
+            self._toklist = []
+        elif isinstance(toklist, (list, _generator_type)):
+            self._toklist = (
+                [toklist[:]]
+                if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults.List)
+                else list(toklist)
+            )
+        else:
+            self._toklist = [toklist]
+        self._tokdict = dict()
+        return self
+
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__(
+        self, toklist=None, name=None, asList=True, modal=True, isinstance=isinstance
+    ):
+        self._tokdict: Dict[str, _ParseResultsWithOffset]
+        self._modal = modal
+        if name is not None and name != "":
+            if isinstance(name, int):
+                name = str(name)
+            if not modal:
+                self._all_names = {name}
+            self._name = name
+            if toklist not in self._null_values:
+                if isinstance(toklist, (str_type, type)):
+                    toklist = [toklist]
+                if asList:
+                    if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults):
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                            ParseResults(toklist._toklist), 0
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                            ParseResults(toklist[0]), 0
+                        )
+                    self[name]._name = name
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self[name] = toklist[0]
+                    except (KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):
+                        if toklist is not self:
+                            self[name] = toklist
+                        else:
+                            self._name = name
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        if isinstance(i, (int, slice)):
+            return self._toklist[i]
+        else:
+            if i not in self._all_names:
+                return self._tokdict[i][-1][0]
+            else:
+                return ParseResults([v[0] for v in self._tokdict[i]])
+
+    def __setitem__(self, k, v, isinstance=isinstance):
+        if isinstance(v, _ParseResultsWithOffset):
+            self._tokdict[k] = self._tokdict.get(k, list()) + [v]
+            sub = v[0]
+        elif isinstance(k, (int, slice)):
+            self._toklist[k] = v
+            sub = v
+        else:
+            self._tokdict[k] = self._tokdict.get(k, list()) + [
+                _ParseResultsWithOffset(v, 0)
+            ]
+            sub = v
+        if isinstance(sub, ParseResults):
+            sub._parent = self
+
+    def __delitem__(self, i):
+        if isinstance(i, (int, slice)):
+            mylen = len(self._toklist)
+            del self._toklist[i]
+
+            # convert int to slice
+            if isinstance(i, int):
+                if i < 0:
+                    i += mylen
+                i = slice(i, i + 1)
+            # get removed indices
+            removed = list(range(*i.indices(mylen)))
+            removed.reverse()
+            # fixup indices in token dictionary
+            for name, occurrences in self._tokdict.items():
+                for j in removed:
+                    for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                        occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                            value, position - (position > j)
+                        )
+        else:
+            del self._tokdict[i]
+
+    def __contains__(self, k) -> bool:
+        return k in self._tokdict
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._toklist)
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return not not (self._toklist or self._tokdict)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator:
+        return iter(self._toklist)
+
+    def __reversed__(self) -> Iterator:
+        return iter(self._toklist[::-1])
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return iter(self._tokdict)
+
+    def values(self):
+        return (self[k] for k in self.keys())
+
+    def items(self):
+        return ((k, self[k]) for k in self.keys())
+
+    def haskeys(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Since ``keys()`` returns an iterator, this method is helpful in bypassing
+        code that looks for the existence of any defined results names."""
+        return not not self._tokdict
+
+    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Removes and returns item at specified index (default= ``last``).
+        Supports both ``list`` and ``dict`` semantics for ``pop()``. If
+        passed no argument or an integer argument, it will use ``list``
+        semantics and pop tokens from the list of parsed tokens. If passed
+        a non-integer argument (most likely a string), it will use ``dict``
+        semantics and pop the corresponding value from any defined results
+        names. A second default return value argument is supported, just as in
+        ``dict.pop()``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            numlist = Word(nums)[...]
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            def remove_first(tokens):
+                tokens.pop(0)
+            numlist.add_parse_action(remove_first)
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['123', '321']
+
+            label = Word(alphas)
+            patt = label("LABEL") + Word(nums)[1, ...]
+            print(patt.parse_string("AAB 123 321").dump())
+
+            # Use pop() in a parse action to remove named result (note that corresponding value is not
+            # removed from list form of results)
+            def remove_LABEL(tokens):
+                tokens.pop("LABEL")
+                return tokens
+            patt.add_parse_action(remove_LABEL)
+            print(patt.parse_string("AAB 123 321").dump())
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['AAB', '123', '321']
+            - LABEL: 'AAB'
+
+            ['AAB', '123', '321']
+        """
+        if not args:
+            args = [-1]
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            if k == "default":
+                args = (args[0], v)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"pop() got an unexpected keyword argument {k!r}")
+        if isinstance(args[0], int) or len(args) == 1 or args[0] in self:
+            index = args[0]
+            ret = self[index]
+            del self[index]
+            return ret
+        else:
+            defaultvalue = args[1]
+            return defaultvalue
+
+    def get(self, key, default_value=None):
+        """
+        Returns named result matching the given key, or if there is no
+        such name, then returns the given ``default_value`` or ``None`` if no
+        ``default_value`` is specified.
+
+        Similar to ``dict.get()``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string("1999/12/31")
+            print(result.get("year")) # -> '1999'
+            print(result.get("hour", "not specified")) # -> 'not specified'
+            print(result.get("hour")) # -> None
+        """
+        if key in self:
+            return self[key]
+        else:
+            return default_value
+
+    def insert(self, index, ins_string):
+        """
+        Inserts new element at location index in the list of parsed tokens.
+
+        Similar to ``list.insert()``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            numlist = Word(nums)[...]
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            # use a parse action to insert the parse location in the front of the parsed results
+            def insert_locn(locn, tokens):
+                tokens.insert(0, locn)
+            numlist.add_parse_action(insert_locn)
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> [0, '0', '123', '321']
+        """
+        self._toklist.insert(index, ins_string)
+        # fixup indices in token dictionary
+        for name, occurrences in self._tokdict.items():
+            for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
+                    value, position + (position > index)
+                )
+
+    def append(self, item):
+        """
+        Add single element to end of ``ParseResults`` list of elements.
+
+        Example::
+
+            numlist = Word(nums)[...]
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321']
+
+            # use a parse action to compute the sum of the parsed integers, and add it to the end
+            def append_sum(tokens):
+                tokens.append(sum(map(int, tokens)))
+            numlist.add_parse_action(append_sum)
+            print(numlist.parse_string("0 123 321")) # -> ['0', '123', '321', 444]
+        """
+        self._toklist.append(item)
+
+    def extend(self, itemseq):
+        """
+        Add sequence of elements to end of ``ParseResults`` list of elements.
+
+        Example::
+
+            patt = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+
+            # use a parse action to append the reverse of the matched strings, to make a palindrome
+            def make_palindrome(tokens):
+                tokens.extend(reversed([t[::-1] for t in tokens]))
+                return ''.join(tokens)
+            patt.add_parse_action(make_palindrome)
+            print(patt.parse_string("lskdj sdlkjf lksd")) # -> 'lskdjsdlkjflksddsklfjkldsjdksl'
+        """
+        if isinstance(itemseq, ParseResults):
+            self.__iadd__(itemseq)
+        else:
+            self._toklist.extend(itemseq)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Clear all elements and results names.
+        """
+        del self._toklist[:]
+        self._tokdict.clear()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return self[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            if name.startswith("__"):
+                raise AttributeError(name)
+            return ""
+
+    def __add__(self, other: "ParseResults") -> "ParseResults":
+        ret = self.copy()
+        ret += other
+        return ret
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other: "ParseResults") -> "ParseResults":
+        if not other:
+            return self
+
+        if other._tokdict:
+            offset = len(self._toklist)
+            addoffset = lambda a: offset if a < 0 else a + offset
+            otheritems = other._tokdict.items()
+            otherdictitems = [
+                (k, _ParseResultsWithOffset(v[0], addoffset(v[1])))
+                for k, vlist in otheritems
+                for v in vlist
+            ]
+            for k, v in otherdictitems:
+                self[k] = v
+                if isinstance(v[0], ParseResults):
+                    v[0]._parent = self
+
+        self._toklist += other._toklist
+        self._all_names |= other._all_names
+        return self
+
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> "ParseResults":
+        if isinstance(other, int) and other == 0:
+            # useful for merging many ParseResults using sum() builtin
+            return self.copy()
+        else:
+            # this may raise a TypeError - so be it
+            return other + self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{type(self).__name__}({self._toklist!r}, {self.as_dict()})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "["
+            + ", ".join(
+                [
+                    str(i) if isinstance(i, ParseResults) else repr(i)
+                    for i in self._toklist
+                ]
+            )
+            + "]"
+        )
+
+    def _asStringList(self, sep=""):
+        out = []
+        for item in self._toklist:
+            if out and sep:
+                out.append(sep)
+            if isinstance(item, ParseResults):
+                out += item._asStringList()
+            else:
+                out.append(str(item))
+        return out
+
+    def as_list(self) -> list:
+        """
+        Returns the parse results as a nested list of matching tokens, all converted to strings.
+
+        Example::
+
+            patt = Word(alphas)[1, ...]
+            result = patt.parse_string("sldkj lsdkj sldkj")
+            # even though the result prints in string-like form, it is actually a pyparsing ParseResults
+            print(type(result), result) # -> <class 'pyparsing.ParseResults'> ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
+
+            # Use as_list() to create an actual list
+            result_list = result.as_list()
+            print(type(result_list), result_list) # -> <class 'list'> ['sldkj', 'lsdkj', 'sldkj']
+        """
+        return [
+            res.as_list() if isinstance(res, ParseResults) else res
+            for res in self._toklist
+        ]
+
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        Returns the named parse results as a nested dictionary.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string('12/31/1999')
+            print(type(result), repr(result)) # -> <class 'pyparsing.ParseResults'> (['12', '/', '31', '/', '1999'], {'day': [('1999', 4)], 'year': [('12', 0)], 'month': [('31', 2)]})
+
+            result_dict = result.as_dict()
+            print(type(result_dict), repr(result_dict)) # -> <class 'dict'> {'day': '1999', 'year': '12', 'month': '31'}
+
+            # even though a ParseResults supports dict-like access, sometime you just need to have a dict
+            import json
+            print(json.dumps(result)) # -> Exception: TypeError: ... is not JSON serializable
+            print(json.dumps(result.as_dict())) # -> {"month": "31", "day": "1999", "year": "12"}
+        """
+
+        def to_item(obj):
+            if isinstance(obj, ParseResults):
+                return obj.as_dict() if obj.haskeys() else [to_item(v) for v in obj]
+            else:
+                return obj
+
+        return dict((k, to_item(v)) for k, v in self.items())
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ParseResults":
+        """
+        Returns a new shallow copy of a :class:`ParseResults` object. `ParseResults`
+        items contained within the source are shared with the copy. Use
+        :class:`ParseResults.deepcopy()` to create a copy with its own separate
+        content values.
+        """
+        ret = ParseResults(self._toklist)
+        ret._tokdict = self._tokdict.copy()
+        ret._parent = self._parent
+        ret._all_names |= self._all_names
+        ret._name = self._name
+        return ret
+
+    def deepcopy(self) -> "ParseResults":
+        """
+        Returns a new deep copy of a :class:`ParseResults` object.
+        """
+        ret = self.copy()
+        # replace values with copies if they are of known mutable types
+        for i, obj in enumerate(self._toklist):
+            if isinstance(obj, ParseResults):
+                self._toklist[i] = obj.deepcopy()
+            elif isinstance(obj, (str, bytes)):
+                pass
+            elif isinstance(obj, MutableMapping):
+                self._toklist[i] = dest = type(obj)()
+                for k, v in obj.items():
+                    dest[k] = v.deepcopy() if isinstance(v, ParseResults) else v
+            elif isinstance(obj, Container):
+                self._toklist[i] = type(obj)(
+                    v.deepcopy() if isinstance(v, ParseResults) else v for v in obj
+                )
+        return ret
+
+    def get_name(self):
+        r"""
+        Returns the results name for this token expression. Useful when several
+        different expressions might match at a particular location.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            ssn_expr = Regex(r"\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d\d\d")
+            house_number_expr = Suppress('#') + Word(nums, alphanums)
+            user_data = (Group(house_number_expr)("house_number")
+                        | Group(ssn_expr)("ssn")
+                        | Group(integer)("age"))
+            user_info = user_data[1, ...]
+
+            result = user_info.parse_string("22 111-22-3333 #221B")
+            for item in result:
+                print(item.get_name(), ':', item[0])
+
+        prints::
+
+            age : 22
+            ssn : 111-22-3333
+            house_number : 221B
+        """
+        if self._name:
+            return self._name
+        elif self._parent:
+            par: "ParseResults" = self._parent
+            parent_tokdict_items = par._tokdict.items()
+            return next(
+                (
+                    k
+                    for k, vlist in parent_tokdict_items
+                    for v, loc in vlist
+                    if v is self
+                ),
+                None,
+            )
+        elif (
+            len(self) == 1
+            and len(self._tokdict) == 1
+            and next(iter(self._tokdict.values()))[0][1] in (0, -1)
+        ):
+            return next(iter(self._tokdict.keys()))
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def dump(self, indent="", full=True, include_list=True, _depth=0) -> str:
+        """
+        Diagnostic method for listing out the contents of
+        a :class:`ParseResults`. Accepts an optional ``indent`` argument so
+        that this string can be embedded in a nested display of other data.
+
+        Example::
+
+            integer = Word(nums)
+            date_str = integer("year") + '/' + integer("month") + '/' + integer("day")
+
+            result = date_str.parse_string('1999/12/31')
+            print(result.dump())
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['1999', '/', '12', '/', '31']
+            - day: '31'
+            - month: '12'
+            - year: '1999'
+        """
+        out = []
+        NL = "\n"
+        out.append(indent + str(self.as_list()) if include_list else "")
+
+        if full:
+            if self.haskeys():
+                items = sorted((str(k), v) for k, v in self.items())
+                for k, v in items:
+                    if out:
+                        out.append(NL)
+                    out.append(f"{indent}{('  ' * _depth)}- {k}: ")
+                    if isinstance(v, ParseResults):
+                        if v:
+                            out.append(
+                                v.dump(
+                                    indent=indent,
+                                    full=full,
+                                    include_list=include_list,
+                                    _depth=_depth + 1,
+                                )
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            out.append(str(v))
+                    else:
+                        out.append(repr(v))
+            if any(isinstance(vv, ParseResults) for vv in self):
+                v = self
+                for i, vv in enumerate(v):
+                    if isinstance(vv, ParseResults):
+                        out.append(
+                            "\n{}{}[{}]:\n{}{}{}".format(
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth)),
+                                i,
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth + 1)),
+                                vv.dump(
+                                    indent=indent,
+                                    full=full,
+                                    include_list=include_list,
+                                    _depth=_depth + 1,
+                                ),
+                            )
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        out.append(
+                            "\n%s%s[%d]:\n%s%s%s"
+                            % (
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth)),
+                                i,
+                                indent,
+                                ("  " * (_depth + 1)),
+                                str(vv),
+                            )
+                        )
+
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    def pprint(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Pretty-printer for parsed results as a list, using the
+        `pprint <https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html>`_ module.
+        Accepts additional positional or keyword args as defined for
+        `pprint.pprint <https://docs.python.org/3/library/pprint.html#pprint.pprint>`_ .
+
+        Example::
+
+            ident = Word(alphas, alphanums)
+            num = Word(nums)
+            func = Forward()
+            term = ident | num | Group('(' + func + ')')
+            func <<= ident + Group(Optional(DelimitedList(term)))
+            result = func.parse_string("fna a,b,(fnb c,d,200),100")
+            result.pprint(width=40)
+
+        prints::
+
+            ['fna',
+             ['a',
+              'b',
+              ['(', 'fnb', ['c', 'd', '200'], ')'],
+              '100']]
+        """
+        pprint.pprint(self.as_list(), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    # add support for pickle protocol
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return (
+            self._toklist,
+            (
+                self._tokdict.copy(),
+                None,
+                self._all_names,
+                self._name,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self._toklist, (self._tokdict, par, inAccumNames, self._name) = state
+        self._all_names = set(inAccumNames)
+        self._parent = None
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return self._toklist, self._name
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return dir(type(self)) + list(self.keys())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, other, name=None) -> "ParseResults":
+        """
+        Helper classmethod to construct a ``ParseResults`` from a ``dict``, preserving the
+        name-value relations as results names. If an optional ``name`` argument is
+        given, a nested ``ParseResults`` will be returned.
+        """
+
+        def is_iterable(obj):
+            try:
+                iter(obj)
+            except Exception:
+                return False
+            # str's are iterable, but in pyparsing, we don't want to iterate over them
+            else:
+                return not isinstance(obj, str_type)
+
+        ret = cls([])
+        for k, v in other.items():
+            if isinstance(v, Mapping):
+                ret += cls.from_dict(v, name=k)
+            else:
+                ret += cls([v], name=k, asList=is_iterable(v))
+        if name is not None:
+            ret = cls([ret], name=name)
+        return ret
+
+    asList = as_list
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`as_list`"""
+    asDict = as_dict
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`as_dict`"""
+    getName = get_name
+    """Deprecated - use :class:`get_name`"""
+
+
+MutableMapping.register(ParseResults)
+MutableSequence.register(ParseResults)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/testing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/testing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a254c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/testing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+# testing.py
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import typing
+
+from .core import (
+    ParserElement,
+    ParseException,
+    Keyword,
+    __diag__,
+    __compat__,
+)
+
+
+class pyparsing_test:
+    """
+    namespace class for classes useful in writing unit tests
+    """
+
+    class reset_pyparsing_context:
+        """
+        Context manager to be used when writing unit tests that modify pyparsing config values:
+        - packrat parsing
+        - bounded recursion parsing
+        - default whitespace characters.
+        - default keyword characters
+        - literal string auto-conversion class
+        - __diag__ settings
+
+        Example::
+
+            with reset_pyparsing_context():
+                # test that literals used to construct a grammar are automatically suppressed
+                ParserElement.inlineLiteralsUsing(Suppress)
+
+                term = Word(alphas) | Word(nums)
+                group = Group('(' + term[...] + ')')
+
+                # assert that the '()' characters are not included in the parsed tokens
+                self.assertParseAndCheckList(group, "(abc 123 def)", ['abc', '123', 'def'])
+
+            # after exiting context manager, literals are converted to Literal expressions again
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._save_context = {}
+
+        def save(self):
+            self._save_context["default_whitespace"] = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+            self._save_context["default_keyword_chars"] = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+
+            self._save_context[
+                "literal_string_class"
+            ] = ParserElement._literalStringClass
+
+            self._save_context["verbose_stacktrace"] = ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace
+
+            self._save_context["packrat_enabled"] = ParserElement._packratEnabled
+            if ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+                self._save_context[
+                    "packrat_cache_size"
+                ] = ParserElement.packrat_cache.size
+            else:
+                self._save_context["packrat_cache_size"] = None
+            self._save_context["packrat_parse"] = ParserElement._parse
+            self._save_context[
+                "recursion_enabled"
+            ] = ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled
+
+            self._save_context["__diag__"] = {
+                name: getattr(__diag__, name) for name in __diag__._all_names
+            }
+
+            self._save_context["__compat__"] = {
+                "collect_all_And_tokens": __compat__.collect_all_And_tokens
+            }
+
+            return self
+
+        def restore(self):
+            # reset pyparsing global state
+            if (
+                ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+                != self._save_context["default_whitespace"]
+            ):
+                ParserElement.set_default_whitespace_chars(
+                    self._save_context["default_whitespace"]
+                )
+
+            ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace = self._save_context["verbose_stacktrace"]
+
+            Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = self._save_context["default_keyword_chars"]
+            ParserElement.inlineLiteralsUsing(
+                self._save_context["literal_string_class"]
+            )
+
+            for name, value in self._save_context["__diag__"].items():
+                (__diag__.enable if value else __diag__.disable)(name)
+
+            ParserElement._packratEnabled = False
+            if self._save_context["packrat_enabled"]:
+                ParserElement.enable_packrat(self._save_context["packrat_cache_size"])
+            else:
+                ParserElement._parse = self._save_context["packrat_parse"]
+            ParserElement._left_recursion_enabled = self._save_context[
+                "recursion_enabled"
+            ]
+
+            __compat__.collect_all_And_tokens = self._save_context["__compat__"]
+
+            return self
+
+        def copy(self):
+            ret = type(self)()
+            ret._save_context.update(self._save_context)
+            return ret
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self.save()
+
+        def __exit__(self, *args):
+            self.restore()
+
+    class TestParseResultsAsserts:
+        """
+        A mixin class to add parse results assertion methods to normal unittest.TestCase classes.
+        """
+
+        def assertParseResultsEquals(
+            self, result, expected_list=None, expected_dict=None, msg=None
+        ):
+            """
+            Unit test assertion to compare a :class:`ParseResults` object with an optional ``expected_list``,
+            and compare any defined results names with an optional ``expected_dict``.
+            """
+            if expected_list is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(expected_list, result.as_list(), msg=msg)
+            if expected_dict is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(expected_dict, result.as_dict(), msg=msg)
+
+        def assertParseAndCheckList(
+            self, expr, test_string, expected_list, msg=None, verbose=True
+        ):
+            """
+            Convenience wrapper assert to test a parser element and input string, and assert that
+            the resulting ``ParseResults.asList()`` is equal to the ``expected_list``.
+            """
+            result = expr.parse_string(test_string, parse_all=True)
+            if verbose:
+                print(result.dump())
+            else:
+                print(result.as_list())
+            self.assertParseResultsEquals(result, expected_list=expected_list, msg=msg)
+
+        def assertParseAndCheckDict(
+            self, expr, test_string, expected_dict, msg=None, verbose=True
+        ):
+            """
+            Convenience wrapper assert to test a parser element and input string, and assert that
+            the resulting ``ParseResults.asDict()`` is equal to the ``expected_dict``.
+            """
+            result = expr.parse_string(test_string, parseAll=True)
+            if verbose:
+                print(result.dump())
+            else:
+                print(result.as_list())
+            self.assertParseResultsEquals(result, expected_dict=expected_dict, msg=msg)
+
+        def assertRunTestResults(
+            self, run_tests_report, expected_parse_results=None, msg=None
+        ):
+            """
+            Unit test assertion to evaluate output of ``ParserElement.runTests()``. If a list of
+            list-dict tuples is given as the ``expected_parse_results`` argument, then these are zipped
+            with the report tuples returned by ``runTests`` and evaluated using ``assertParseResultsEquals``.
+            Finally, asserts that the overall ``runTests()`` success value is ``True``.
+
+            :param run_tests_report: tuple(bool, [tuple(str, ParseResults or Exception)]) returned from runTests
+            :param expected_parse_results (optional): [tuple(str, list, dict, Exception)]
+            """
+            run_test_success, run_test_results = run_tests_report
+
+            if expected_parse_results is not None:
+                merged = [
+                    (*rpt, expected)
+                    for rpt, expected in zip(run_test_results, expected_parse_results)
+                ]
+                for test_string, result, expected in merged:
+                    # expected should be a tuple containing a list and/or a dict or an exception,
+                    # and optional failure message string
+                    # an empty tuple will skip any result validation
+                    fail_msg = next(
+                        (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, str)), None
+                    )
+                    expected_exception = next(
+                        (
+                            exp
+                            for exp in expected
+                            if isinstance(exp, type) and issubclass(exp, Exception)
+                        ),
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    if expected_exception is not None:
+                        with self.assertRaises(
+                            expected_exception=expected_exception, msg=fail_msg or msg
+                        ):
+                            if isinstance(result, Exception):
+                                raise result
+                    else:
+                        expected_list = next(
+                            (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, list)), None
+                        )
+                        expected_dict = next(
+                            (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, dict)), None
+                        )
+                        if (expected_list, expected_dict) != (None, None):
+                            self.assertParseResultsEquals(
+                                result,
+                                expected_list=expected_list,
+                                expected_dict=expected_dict,
+                                msg=fail_msg or msg,
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            # warning here maybe?
+                            print(f"no validation for {test_string!r}")
+
+            # do this last, in case some specific test results can be reported instead
+            self.assertTrue(
+                run_test_success, msg=msg if msg is not None else "failed runTests"
+            )
+
+        @contextmanager
+        def assertRaisesParseException(self, exc_type=ParseException, msg=None):
+            with self.assertRaises(exc_type, msg=msg):
+                yield
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def with_line_numbers(
+        s: str,
+        start_line: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        end_line: typing.Optional[int] = None,
+        expand_tabs: bool = True,
+        eol_mark: str = "|",
+        mark_spaces: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        mark_control: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Helpful method for debugging a parser - prints a string with line and column numbers.
+        (Line and column numbers are 1-based.)
+
+        :param s: tuple(bool, str - string to be printed with line and column numbers
+        :param start_line: int - (optional) starting line number in s to print (default=1)
+        :param end_line: int - (optional) ending line number in s to print (default=len(s))
+        :param expand_tabs: bool - (optional) expand tabs to spaces, to match the pyparsing default
+        :param eol_mark: str - (optional) string to mark the end of lines, helps visualize trailing spaces (default="|")
+        :param mark_spaces: str - (optional) special character to display in place of spaces
+        :param mark_control: str - (optional) convert non-printing control characters to a placeholding
+                                 character; valid values:
+                                 - "unicode" - replaces control chars with Unicode symbols, such as "␍" and "␊"
+                                 - any single character string - replace control characters with given string
+                                 - None (default) - string is displayed as-is
+
+        :return: str - input string with leading line numbers and column number headers
+        """
+        if expand_tabs:
+            s = s.expandtabs()
+        if mark_control is not None:
+            mark_control = typing.cast(str, mark_control)
+            if mark_control == "unicode":
+                transtable_map = {
+                    c: u for c, u in zip(range(0, 33), range(0x2400, 0x2433))
+                }
+                transtable_map[127] = 0x2421
+                tbl = str.maketrans(transtable_map)
+                eol_mark = ""
+            else:
+                ord_mark_control = ord(mark_control)
+                tbl = str.maketrans(
+                    {c: ord_mark_control for c in list(range(0, 32)) + [127]}
+                )
+            s = s.translate(tbl)
+        if mark_spaces is not None and mark_spaces != " ":
+            if mark_spaces == "unicode":
+                tbl = str.maketrans({9: 0x2409, 32: 0x2423})
+                s = s.translate(tbl)
+            else:
+                s = s.replace(" ", mark_spaces)
+        if start_line is None:
+            start_line = 1
+        if end_line is None:
+            end_line = len(s)
+        end_line = min(end_line, len(s))
+        start_line = min(max(1, start_line), end_line)
+
+        if mark_control != "unicode":
+            s_lines = s.splitlines()[start_line - 1 : end_line]
+        else:
+            s_lines = [line + "␊" for line in s.split("␊")[start_line - 1 : end_line]]
+        if not s_lines:
+            return ""
+
+        lineno_width = len(str(end_line))
+        max_line_len = max(len(line) for line in s_lines)
+        lead = " " * (lineno_width + 1)
+        if max_line_len >= 99:
+            header0 = (
+                lead
+                + "".join(
+                    f"{' ' * 99}{(i + 1) % 100}"
+                    for i in range(max(max_line_len // 100, 1))
+                )
+                + "\n"
+            )
+        else:
+            header0 = ""
+        header1 = (
+            header0
+            + lead
+            + "".join(f"         {(i + 1) % 10}" for i in range(-(-max_line_len // 10)))
+            + "\n"
+        )
+        header2 = lead + "1234567890" * (-(-max_line_len // 10)) + "\n"
+        return (
+            header1
+            + header2
+            + "\n".join(
+                f"{i:{lineno_width}d}:{line}{eol_mark}"
+                for i, line in enumerate(s_lines, start=start_line)
+            )
+            + "\n"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/unicode.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/unicode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec0b3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/unicode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+# unicode.py
+
+import sys
+from itertools import filterfalse
+from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+
+
+class _lazyclassproperty:
+    def __init__(self, fn):
+        self.fn = fn
+        self.__doc__ = fn.__doc__
+        self.__name__ = fn.__name__
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+        if cls is None:
+            cls = type(obj)
+        if not hasattr(cls, "_intern") or any(
+            cls._intern is getattr(superclass, "_intern", [])
+            for superclass in cls.__mro__[1:]
+        ):
+            cls._intern = {}
+        attrname = self.fn.__name__
+        if attrname not in cls._intern:
+            cls._intern[attrname] = self.fn(cls)
+        return cls._intern[attrname]
+
+
+UnicodeRangeList = List[Union[Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int]]]
+
+
+class unicode_set:
+    """
+    A set of Unicode characters, for language-specific strings for
+    ``alphas``, ``nums``, ``alphanums``, and ``printables``.
+    A unicode_set is defined by a list of ranges in the Unicode character
+    set, in a class attribute ``_ranges``. Ranges can be specified using
+    2-tuples or a 1-tuple, such as::
+
+        _ranges = [
+            (0x0020, 0x007e),
+            (0x00a0, 0x00ff),
+            (0x0100,),
+            ]
+
+    Ranges are left- and right-inclusive. A 1-tuple of (x,) is treated as (x, x).
+
+    A unicode set can also be defined using multiple inheritance of other unicode sets::
+
+        class CJK(Chinese, Japanese, Korean):
+            pass
+    """
+
+    _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = []
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def _chars_for_ranges(cls):
+        ret = []
+        for cc in cls.__mro__:
+            if cc is unicode_set:
+                break
+            for rr in getattr(cc, "_ranges", ()):
+                ret.extend(range(rr[0], rr[-1] + 1))
+        return [chr(c) for c in sorted(set(ret))]
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def printables(cls):
+        """all non-whitespace characters in this range"""
+        return "".join(filterfalse(str.isspace, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def alphas(cls):
+        """all alphabetic characters in this range"""
+        return "".join(filter(str.isalpha, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def nums(cls):
+        """all numeric digit characters in this range"""
+        return "".join(filter(str.isdigit, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def alphanums(cls):
+        """all alphanumeric characters in this range"""
+        return cls.alphas + cls.nums
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def identchars(cls):
+        """all characters in this range that are valid identifier characters, plus underscore '_'"""
+        return "".join(
+            sorted(
+                set(
+                    "".join(filter(str.isidentifier, cls._chars_for_ranges))
+                    + "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzªµº"
+                    + "ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüýþÿ"
+                    + "_"
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def identbodychars(cls):
+        """
+        all characters in this range that are valid identifier body characters,
+        plus the digits 0-9, and · (Unicode MIDDLE DOT)
+        """
+        return "".join(
+            sorted(
+                set(
+                    cls.identchars
+                    + "0123456789·"
+                    + "".join(
+                        [c for c in cls._chars_for_ranges if ("_" + c).isidentifier()]
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    @_lazyclassproperty
+    def identifier(cls):
+        """
+        a pyparsing Word expression for an identifier using this range's definitions for
+        identchars and identbodychars
+        """
+        from pip._vendor.pyparsing import Word
+
+        return Word(cls.identchars, cls.identbodychars)
+
+
+class pyparsing_unicode(unicode_set):
+    """
+    A namespace class for defining common language unicode_sets.
+    """
+
+    # fmt: off
+
+    # define ranges in language character sets
+    _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+        (0x0020, sys.maxunicode),
+    ]
+
+    class BasicMultilingualPlane(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for the Basic Multilingual Plane"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0020, 0xFFFF),
+        ]
+
+    class Latin1(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Latin-1 Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0020, 0x007E),
+            (0x00A0, 0x00FF),
+        ]
+
+    class LatinA(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Latin-A Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0100, 0x017F),
+        ]
+
+    class LatinB(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Latin-B Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0180, 0x024F),
+        ]
+
+    class Greek(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Greek Unicode Character Ranges"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0342, 0x0345),
+            (0x0370, 0x0377),
+            (0x037A, 0x037F),
+            (0x0384, 0x038A),
+            (0x038C,),
+            (0x038E, 0x03A1),
+            (0x03A3, 0x03E1),
+            (0x03F0, 0x03FF),
+            (0x1D26, 0x1D2A),
+            (0x1D5E,),
+            (0x1D60,),
+            (0x1D66, 0x1D6A),
+            (0x1F00, 0x1F15),
+            (0x1F18, 0x1F1D),
+            (0x1F20, 0x1F45),
+            (0x1F48, 0x1F4D),
+            (0x1F50, 0x1F57),
+            (0x1F59,),
+            (0x1F5B,),
+            (0x1F5D,),
+            (0x1F5F, 0x1F7D),
+            (0x1F80, 0x1FB4),
+            (0x1FB6, 0x1FC4),
+            (0x1FC6, 0x1FD3),
+            (0x1FD6, 0x1FDB),
+            (0x1FDD, 0x1FEF),
+            (0x1FF2, 0x1FF4),
+            (0x1FF6, 0x1FFE),
+            (0x2129,),
+            (0x2719, 0x271A),
+            (0xAB65,),
+            (0x10140, 0x1018D),
+            (0x101A0,),
+            (0x1D200, 0x1D245),
+            (0x1F7A1, 0x1F7A7),
+        ]
+
+    class Cyrillic(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Cyrillic Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0400, 0x052F),
+            (0x1C80, 0x1C88),
+            (0x1D2B,),
+            (0x1D78,),
+            (0x2DE0, 0x2DFF),
+            (0xA640, 0xA672),
+            (0xA674, 0xA69F),
+            (0xFE2E, 0xFE2F),
+        ]
+
+    class Chinese(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Chinese Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x2E80, 0x2E99),
+            (0x2E9B, 0x2EF3),
+            (0x31C0, 0x31E3),
+            (0x3400, 0x4DB5),
+            (0x4E00, 0x9FEF),
+            (0xA700, 0xA707),
+            (0xF900, 0xFA6D),
+            (0xFA70, 0xFAD9),
+            (0x16FE2, 0x16FE3),
+            (0x1F210, 0x1F212),
+            (0x1F214, 0x1F23B),
+            (0x1F240, 0x1F248),
+            (0x20000, 0x2A6D6),
+            (0x2A700, 0x2B734),
+            (0x2B740, 0x2B81D),
+            (0x2B820, 0x2CEA1),
+            (0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0),
+            (0x2F800, 0x2FA1D),
+        ]
+
+    class Japanese(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Japanese Unicode Character Range, combining Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana ranges"""
+
+        class Kanji(unicode_set):
+            "Unicode set for Kanji Unicode Character Range"
+            _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+                (0x4E00, 0x9FBF),
+                (0x3000, 0x303F),
+            ]
+
+        class Hiragana(unicode_set):
+            """Unicode set for Hiragana Unicode Character Range"""
+            _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+                (0x3041, 0x3096),
+                (0x3099, 0x30A0),
+                (0x30FC,),
+                (0xFF70,),
+                (0x1B001,),
+                (0x1B150, 0x1B152),
+                (0x1F200,),
+            ]
+
+        class Katakana(unicode_set):
+            """Unicode set for Katakana  Unicode Character Range"""
+            _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+                (0x3099, 0x309C),
+                (0x30A0, 0x30FF),
+                (0x31F0, 0x31FF),
+                (0x32D0, 0x32FE),
+                (0xFF65, 0xFF9F),
+                (0x1B000,),
+                (0x1B164, 0x1B167),
+                (0x1F201, 0x1F202),
+                (0x1F213,),
+            ]
+
+        漢字 = Kanji
+        カタカナ = Katakana
+        ひらがな = Hiragana
+
+        _ranges = (
+            Kanji._ranges
+            + Hiragana._ranges
+            + Katakana._ranges
+        )
+
+    class Hangul(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Hangul (Korean) Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x1100, 0x11FF),
+            (0x302E, 0x302F),
+            (0x3131, 0x318E),
+            (0x3200, 0x321C),
+            (0x3260, 0x327B),
+            (0x327E,),
+            (0xA960, 0xA97C),
+            (0xAC00, 0xD7A3),
+            (0xD7B0, 0xD7C6),
+            (0xD7CB, 0xD7FB),
+            (0xFFA0, 0xFFBE),
+            (0xFFC2, 0xFFC7),
+            (0xFFCA, 0xFFCF),
+            (0xFFD2, 0xFFD7),
+            (0xFFDA, 0xFFDC),
+        ]
+
+    Korean = Hangul
+
+    class CJK(Chinese, Japanese, Hangul):
+        """Unicode set for combined Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) Unicode Character Range"""
+
+    class Thai(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Thai Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0E01, 0x0E3A),
+            (0x0E3F, 0x0E5B)
+        ]
+
+    class Arabic(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Arabic Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0600, 0x061B),
+            (0x061E, 0x06FF),
+            (0x0700, 0x077F),
+        ]
+
+    class Hebrew(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Hebrew Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0591, 0x05C7),
+            (0x05D0, 0x05EA),
+            (0x05EF, 0x05F4),
+            (0xFB1D, 0xFB36),
+            (0xFB38, 0xFB3C),
+            (0xFB3E,),
+            (0xFB40, 0xFB41),
+            (0xFB43, 0xFB44),
+            (0xFB46, 0xFB4F),
+        ]
+
+    class Devanagari(unicode_set):
+        """Unicode set for Devanagari Unicode Character Range"""
+        _ranges: UnicodeRangeList = [
+            (0x0900, 0x097F),
+            (0xA8E0, 0xA8FF)
+        ]
+
+    BMP = BasicMultilingualPlane
+
+    # add language identifiers using language Unicode
+    العربية = Arabic
+    中文 = Chinese
+    кириллица = Cyrillic
+    Ελληνικά = Greek
+    עִברִית = Hebrew
+    日本語 = Japanese
+    한국어 = Korean
+    ไทย = Thai
+    देवनागरी = Devanagari
+
+    # fmt: on
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/util.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8d3f41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyparsing/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+# util.py
+import inspect
+import warnings
+import types
+import collections
+import itertools
+from functools import lru_cache, wraps
+from typing import Callable, List, Union, Iterable, TypeVar, cast
+
+_bslash = chr(92)
+C = TypeVar("C", bound=Callable)
+
+
+class __config_flags:
+    """Internal class for defining compatibility and debugging flags"""
+
+    _all_names: List[str] = []
+    _fixed_names: List[str] = []
+    _type_desc = "configuration"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _set(cls, dname, value):
+        if dname in cls._fixed_names:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"{cls.__name__}.{dname} {cls._type_desc} is {str(getattr(cls, dname)).upper()}"
+                f" and cannot be overridden",
+                stacklevel=3,
+            )
+            return
+        if dname in cls._all_names:
+            setattr(cls, dname, value)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"no such {cls._type_desc} {dname!r}")
+
+    enable = classmethod(lambda cls, name: cls._set(name, True))
+    disable = classmethod(lambda cls, name: cls._set(name, False))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def col(loc: int, strg: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Returns current column within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+    The first column is number 1.
+
+    Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+    before starting the parsing process.  See
+    :class:`ParserElement.parse_string` for more
+    information on parsing strings containing ``<TAB>`` s, and suggested
+    methods to maintain a consistent view of the parsed string, the parse
+    location, and line and column positions within the parsed string.
+    """
+    s = strg
+    return 1 if 0 < loc < len(s) and s[loc - 1] == "\n" else loc - s.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def lineno(loc: int, strg: str) -> int:
+    """Returns current line number within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+    The first line is number 1.
+
+    Note - the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+    before starting the parsing process.  See :class:`ParserElement.parse_string`
+    for more information on parsing strings containing ``<TAB>`` s, and
+    suggested methods to maintain a consistent view of the parsed string, the
+    parse location, and line and column positions within the parsed string.
+    """
+    return strg.count("\n", 0, loc) + 1
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+def line(loc: int, strg: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Returns the line of text containing loc within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+    """
+    last_cr = strg.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+    next_cr = strg.find("\n", loc)
+    return strg[last_cr + 1 : next_cr] if next_cr >= 0 else strg[last_cr + 1 :]
+
+
+class _UnboundedCache:
+    def __init__(self):
+        cache = {}
+        cache_get = cache.get
+        self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+
+        def get(_, key):
+            return cache_get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+        def set_(_, key, value):
+            cache[key] = value
+
+        def clear(_):
+            cache.clear()
+
+        self.size = None
+        self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+        self.set = types.MethodType(set_, self)
+        self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+
+class _FifoCache:
+    def __init__(self, size):
+        self.not_in_cache = not_in_cache = object()
+        cache = {}
+        keyring = [object()] * size
+        cache_get = cache.get
+        cache_pop = cache.pop
+        keyiter = itertools.cycle(range(size))
+
+        def get(_, key):
+            return cache_get(key, not_in_cache)
+
+        def set_(_, key, value):
+            cache[key] = value
+            i = next(keyiter)
+            cache_pop(keyring[i], None)
+            keyring[i] = key
+
+        def clear(_):
+            cache.clear()
+            keyring[:] = [object()] * size
+
+        self.size = size
+        self.get = types.MethodType(get, self)
+        self.set = types.MethodType(set_, self)
+        self.clear = types.MethodType(clear, self)
+
+
+class LRUMemo:
+    """
+    A memoizing mapping that retains `capacity` deleted items
+
+    The memo tracks retained items by their access order; once `capacity` items
+    are retained, the least recently used item is discarded.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, capacity):
+        self._capacity = capacity
+        self._active = {}
+        self._memory = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        try:
+            return self._active[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            self._memory.move_to_end(key)
+            return self._memory[key]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self._memory.pop(key, None)
+        self._active[key] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        try:
+            value = self._active.pop(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            while len(self._memory) >= self._capacity:
+                self._memory.popitem(last=False)
+            self._memory[key] = value
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self._active.clear()
+        self._memory.clear()
+
+
+class UnboundedMemo(dict):
+    """
+    A memoizing mapping that retains all deleted items
+    """
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        pass
+
+
+def _escape_regex_range_chars(s: str) -> str:
+    # escape these chars: ^-[]
+    for c in r"\^-[]":
+        s = s.replace(c, _bslash + c)
+    s = s.replace("\n", r"\n")
+    s = s.replace("\t", r"\t")
+    return str(s)
+
+
+def _collapse_string_to_ranges(
+    s: Union[str, Iterable[str]], re_escape: bool = True
+) -> str:
+    def is_consecutive(c):
+        c_int = ord(c)
+        is_consecutive.prev, prev = c_int, is_consecutive.prev
+        if c_int - prev > 1:
+            is_consecutive.value = next(is_consecutive.counter)
+        return is_consecutive.value
+
+    is_consecutive.prev = 0  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+    is_consecutive.counter = itertools.count()  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+    is_consecutive.value = -1  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+
+    def escape_re_range_char(c):
+        return "\\" + c if c in r"\^-][" else c
+
+    def no_escape_re_range_char(c):
+        return c
+
+    if not re_escape:
+        escape_re_range_char = no_escape_re_range_char
+
+    ret = []
+    s = "".join(sorted(set(s)))
+    if len(s) > 3:
+        for _, chars in itertools.groupby(s, key=is_consecutive):
+            first = last = next(chars)
+            last = collections.deque(
+                itertools.chain(iter([last]), chars), maxlen=1
+            ).pop()
+            if first == last:
+                ret.append(escape_re_range_char(first))
+            else:
+                sep = "" if ord(last) == ord(first) + 1 else "-"
+                ret.append(
+                    f"{escape_re_range_char(first)}{sep}{escape_re_range_char(last)}"
+                )
+    else:
+        ret = [escape_re_range_char(c) for c in s]
+
+    return "".join(ret)
+
+
+def _flatten(ll: list) -> list:
+    ret = []
+    for i in ll:
+        if isinstance(i, list):
+            ret.extend(_flatten(i))
+        else:
+            ret.append(i)
+    return ret
+
+
+def _make_synonym_function(compat_name: str, fn: C) -> C:
+    # In a future version, uncomment the code in the internal _inner() functions
+    # to begin emitting DeprecationWarnings.
+
+    # Unwrap staticmethod/classmethod
+    fn = getattr(fn, "__func__", fn)
+
+    # (Presence of 'self' arg in signature is used by explain_exception() methods, so we take
+    # some extra steps to add it if present in decorated function.)
+    if "self" == list(inspect.signature(fn).parameters)[0]:
+
+        @wraps(fn)
+        def _inner(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            # warnings.warn(
+            #     f"Deprecated - use {fn.__name__}", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3
+            # )
+            return fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    else:
+
+        @wraps(fn)
+        def _inner(*args, **kwargs):
+            # warnings.warn(
+            #     f"Deprecated - use {fn.__name__}", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3
+            # )
+            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    _inner.__doc__ = f"""Deprecated - use :class:`{fn.__name__}`"""
+    _inner.__name__ = compat_name
+    _inner.__annotations__ = fn.__annotations__
+    if isinstance(fn, types.FunctionType):
+        _inner.__kwdefaults__ = fn.__kwdefaults__
+    elif isinstance(fn, type) and hasattr(fn, "__init__"):
+        _inner.__kwdefaults__ = fn.__init__.__kwdefaults__
+    else:
+        _inner.__kwdefaults__ = None
+    _inner.__qualname__ = fn.__qualname__
+    return cast(C, _inner)
+
+
+def replaced_by_pep8(fn: C) -> Callable[[Callable], C]:
+    """
+    Decorator for pre-PEP8 compatibility synonyms, to link them to the new function.
+    """
+    return lambda other: _make_synonym_function(other.__name__, fn)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddfcf7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Wrappers to call pyproject.toml-based build backend hooks.
+"""
+
+from ._impl import (
+    BackendInvalid,
+    BackendUnavailable,
+    BuildBackendHookCaller,
+    HookMissing,
+    UnsupportedOperation,
+    default_subprocess_runner,
+    quiet_subprocess_runner,
+)
+
+__version__ = '1.0.0'
+__all__ = [
+    'BackendUnavailable',
+    'BackendInvalid',
+    'HookMissing',
+    'UnsupportedOperation',
+    'default_subprocess_runner',
+    'quiet_subprocess_runner',
+    'BuildBackendHookCaller',
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/_impl.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/__pycache__/_impl.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bc3ab2
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95e509c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+__all__ = ("tomllib",)
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    from pip._vendor import tomli as tomllib
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b0e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from os.path import abspath
+from os.path import join as pjoin
+from subprocess import STDOUT, check_call, check_output
+
+from ._in_process import _in_proc_script_path
+
+
+def write_json(obj, path, **kwargs):
+    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, **kwargs)
+
+
+def read_json(path):
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+class BackendUnavailable(Exception):
+    """Will be raised if the backend cannot be imported in the hook process."""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+class BackendInvalid(Exception):
+    """Will be raised if the backend is invalid."""
+    def __init__(self, backend_name, backend_path, message):
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.backend_name = backend_name
+        self.backend_path = backend_path
+
+
+class HookMissing(Exception):
+    """Will be raised on missing hooks (if a fallback can't be used)."""
+    def __init__(self, hook_name):
+        super().__init__(hook_name)
+        self.hook_name = hook_name
+
+
+class UnsupportedOperation(Exception):
+    """May be raised by build_sdist if the backend indicates that it can't."""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+def default_subprocess_runner(cmd, cwd=None, extra_environ=None):
+    """The default method of calling the wrapper subprocess.
+
+    This uses :func:`subprocess.check_call` under the hood.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+
+    check_call(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env)
+
+
+def quiet_subprocess_runner(cmd, cwd=None, extra_environ=None):
+    """Call the subprocess while suppressing output.
+
+    This uses :func:`subprocess.check_output` under the hood.
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    if extra_environ:
+        env.update(extra_environ)
+
+    check_output(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env, stderr=STDOUT)
+
+
+def norm_and_check(source_tree, requested):
+    """Normalise and check a backend path.
+
+    Ensure that the requested backend path is specified as a relative path,
+    and resolves to a location under the given source tree.
+
+    Return an absolute version of the requested path.
+    """
+    if os.path.isabs(requested):
+        raise ValueError("paths must be relative")
+
+    abs_source = os.path.abspath(source_tree)
+    abs_requested = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(abs_source, requested))
+    # We have to use commonprefix for Python 2.7 compatibility. So we
+    # normalise case to avoid problems because commonprefix is a character
+    # based comparison :-(
+    norm_source = os.path.normcase(abs_source)
+    norm_requested = os.path.normcase(abs_requested)
+    if os.path.commonprefix([norm_source, norm_requested]) != norm_source:
+        raise ValueError("paths must be inside source tree")
+
+    return abs_requested
+
+
+class BuildBackendHookCaller:
+    """A wrapper to call the build backend hooks for a source directory.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            source_dir,
+            build_backend,
+            backend_path=None,
+            runner=None,
+            python_executable=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        :param source_dir: The source directory to invoke the build backend for
+        :param build_backend: The build backend spec
+        :param backend_path: Additional path entries for the build backend spec
+        :param runner: The :ref:`subprocess runner <Subprocess Runners>` to use
+        :param python_executable:
+            The Python executable used to invoke the build backend
+        """
+        if runner is None:
+            runner = default_subprocess_runner
+
+        self.source_dir = abspath(source_dir)
+        self.build_backend = build_backend
+        if backend_path:
+            backend_path = [
+                norm_and_check(self.source_dir, p) for p in backend_path
+            ]
+        self.backend_path = backend_path
+        self._subprocess_runner = runner
+        if not python_executable:
+            python_executable = sys.executable
+        self.python_executable = python_executable
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def subprocess_runner(self, runner):
+        """A context manager for temporarily overriding the default
+        :ref:`subprocess runner <Subprocess Runners>`.
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+            hook_caller = BuildBackendHookCaller(...)
+            with hook_caller.subprocess_runner(quiet_subprocess_runner):
+                ...
+        """
+        prev = self._subprocess_runner
+        self._subprocess_runner = runner
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._subprocess_runner = prev
+
+    def _supported_features(self):
+        """Return the list of optional features supported by the backend."""
+        return self._call_hook('_supported_features', {})
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_wheel(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building a wheel.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not defined a hook with this name, an
+            empty list will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_wheel', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+            self, metadata_directory, config_settings=None,
+            _allow_fallback=True):
+        """Prepare a ``*.dist-info`` folder with metadata for this project.
+
+        :returns: Name of the newly created subfolder within
+                  ``metadata_directory``, containing the metadata.
+        :rtype: str
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not define a hook with this name and
+            ``_allow_fallback`` is truthy, the backend will be asked to build a
+            wheel via the ``build_wheel`` hook and the dist-info extracted from
+            that will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel', {
+            'metadata_directory': abspath(metadata_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            '_allow_fallback': _allow_fallback,
+        })
+
+    def build_wheel(
+            self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
+            metadata_directory=None):
+        """Build a wheel from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created wheel within ``wheel_directory``.
+
+        .. admonition:: Interaction with fallback
+
+            If the ``build_wheel`` hook was called in the fallback for
+            :meth:`prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel`, the build backend would
+            not be invoked. Instead, the previously built wheel will be copied
+            to ``wheel_directory`` and the name of that file will be returned.
+        """
+        if metadata_directory is not None:
+            metadata_directory = abspath(metadata_directory)
+        return self._call_hook('build_wheel', {
+            'wheel_directory': abspath(wheel_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            'metadata_directory': metadata_directory,
+        })
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_editable(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building an editable wheel.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not defined a hook with this name, an
+            empty list will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_editable', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+            self, metadata_directory, config_settings=None,
+            _allow_fallback=True):
+        """Prepare a ``*.dist-info`` folder with metadata for this project.
+
+        :returns: Name of the newly created subfolder within
+                  ``metadata_directory``, containing the metadata.
+        :rtype: str
+
+        .. admonition:: Fallback
+
+            If the build backend does not define a hook with this name and
+            ``_allow_fallback`` is truthy, the backend will be asked to build a
+            wheel via the ``build_editable`` hook and the dist-info
+            extracted from that will be returned.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('prepare_metadata_for_build_editable', {
+            'metadata_directory': abspath(metadata_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            '_allow_fallback': _allow_fallback,
+        })
+
+    def build_editable(
+            self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None,
+            metadata_directory=None):
+        """Build an editable wheel from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created wheel within ``wheel_directory``.
+
+        .. admonition:: Interaction with fallback
+
+            If the ``build_editable`` hook was called in the fallback for
+            :meth:`prepare_metadata_for_build_editable`, the build backend
+            would not be invoked. Instead, the previously built wheel will be
+            copied to ``wheel_directory`` and the name of that file will be
+            returned.
+        """
+        if metadata_directory is not None:
+            metadata_directory = abspath(metadata_directory)
+        return self._call_hook('build_editable', {
+            'wheel_directory': abspath(wheel_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+            'metadata_directory': metadata_directory,
+        })
+
+    def get_requires_for_build_sdist(self, config_settings=None):
+        """Get additional dependencies required for building an sdist.
+
+        :returns: A list of :pep:`dependency specifiers <508>`.
+        :rtype: list[str]
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('get_requires_for_build_sdist', {
+            'config_settings': config_settings
+        })
+
+    def build_sdist(self, sdist_directory, config_settings=None):
+        """Build an sdist from this project.
+
+        :returns:
+            The name of the newly created sdist within ``wheel_directory``.
+        """
+        return self._call_hook('build_sdist', {
+            'sdist_directory': abspath(sdist_directory),
+            'config_settings': config_settings,
+        })
+
+    def _call_hook(self, hook_name, kwargs):
+        extra_environ = {'PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND': self.build_backend}
+
+        if self.backend_path:
+            backend_path = os.pathsep.join(self.backend_path)
+            extra_environ['PEP517_BACKEND_PATH'] = backend_path
+
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            hook_input = {'kwargs': kwargs}
+            write_json(hook_input, pjoin(td, 'input.json'), indent=2)
+
+            # Run the hook in a subprocess
+            with _in_proc_script_path() as script:
+                python = self.python_executable
+                self._subprocess_runner(
+                    [python, abspath(str(script)), hook_name, td],
+                    cwd=self.source_dir,
+                    extra_environ=extra_environ
+                )
+
+            data = read_json(pjoin(td, 'output.json'))
+            if data.get('unsupported'):
+                raise UnsupportedOperation(data.get('traceback', ''))
+            if data.get('no_backend'):
+                raise BackendUnavailable(data.get('traceback', ''))
+            if data.get('backend_invalid'):
+                raise BackendInvalid(
+                    backend_name=self.build_backend,
+                    backend_path=self.backend_path,
+                    message=data.get('backend_error', '')
+                )
+            if data.get('hook_missing'):
+                raise HookMissing(data.get('missing_hook_name') or hook_name)
+            return data['return_val']
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917fa06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""This is a subpackage because the directory is on sys.path for _in_process.py
+
+The subpackage should stay as empty as possible to avoid shadowing modules that
+the backend might import.
+"""
+
+import importlib.resources as resources
+
+try:
+    resources.files
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 3.8 compatibility
+    def _in_proc_script_path():
+        return resources.path(__package__, '_in_process.py')
+else:
+    def _in_proc_script_path():
+        return resources.as_file(
+            resources.files(__package__).joinpath('_in_process.py'))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/_in_process.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/__pycache__/_in_process.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee511ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+"""This is invoked in a subprocess to call the build backend hooks.
+
+It expects:
+- Command line args: hook_name, control_dir
+- Environment variables:
+      PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND=entry.point:spec
+      PEP517_BACKEND_PATH=paths (separated with os.pathsep)
+- control_dir/input.json:
+  - {"kwargs": {...}}
+
+Results:
+- control_dir/output.json
+  - {"return_val": ...}
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import traceback
+from glob import glob
+from importlib import import_module
+from os.path import join as pjoin
+
+# This file is run as a script, and `import wrappers` is not zip-safe, so we
+# include write_json() and read_json() from wrappers.py.
+
+
+def write_json(obj, path, **kwargs):
+    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, **kwargs)
+
+
+def read_json(path):
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return json.load(f)
+
+
+class BackendUnavailable(Exception):
+    """Raised if we cannot import the backend"""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+class BackendInvalid(Exception):
+    """Raised if the backend is invalid"""
+    def __init__(self, message):
+        self.message = message
+
+
+class HookMissing(Exception):
+    """Raised if a hook is missing and we are not executing the fallback"""
+    def __init__(self, hook_name=None):
+        super().__init__(hook_name)
+        self.hook_name = hook_name
+
+
+def contained_in(filename, directory):
+    """Test if a file is located within the given directory."""
+    filename = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(filename))
+    directory = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(directory))
+    return os.path.commonprefix([filename, directory]) == directory
+
+
+def _build_backend():
+    """Find and load the build backend"""
+    # Add in-tree backend directories to the front of sys.path.
+    backend_path = os.environ.get('PEP517_BACKEND_PATH')
+    if backend_path:
+        extra_pathitems = backend_path.split(os.pathsep)
+        sys.path[:0] = extra_pathitems
+
+    ep = os.environ['PEP517_BUILD_BACKEND']
+    mod_path, _, obj_path = ep.partition(':')
+    try:
+        obj = import_module(mod_path)
+    except ImportError:
+        raise BackendUnavailable(traceback.format_exc())
+
+    if backend_path:
+        if not any(
+            contained_in(obj.__file__, path)
+            for path in extra_pathitems
+        ):
+            raise BackendInvalid("Backend was not loaded from backend-path")
+
+    if obj_path:
+        for path_part in obj_path.split('.'):
+            obj = getattr(obj, path_part)
+    return obj
+
+
+def _supported_features():
+    """Return the list of options features supported by the backend.
+
+    Returns a list of strings.
+    The only possible value is 'build_editable'.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    features = []
+    if hasattr(backend, "build_editable"):
+        features.append("build_editable")
+    return features
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_wheel(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_wheel hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_wheel
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_editable(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_editable hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+def prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel(
+        metadata_directory, config_settings, _allow_fallback):
+    """Invoke optional prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
+
+    Implements a fallback by building a wheel if the hook isn't defined,
+    unless _allow_fallback is False in which case HookMissing is raised.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
+    except AttributeError:
+        if not _allow_fallback:
+            raise HookMissing()
+    else:
+        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+    # fallback to build_wheel outside the try block to avoid exception chaining
+    # which can be confusing to users and is not relevant
+    whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+    return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(whl_basename, metadata_directory,
+                                          config_settings)
+
+
+def prepare_metadata_for_build_editable(
+        metadata_directory, config_settings, _allow_fallback):
+    """Invoke optional prepare_metadata_for_build_editable
+
+    Implements a fallback by building an editable wheel if the hook isn't
+    defined, unless _allow_fallback is False in which case HookMissing is
+    raised.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        if not _allow_fallback:
+            raise HookMissing()
+        try:
+            build_hook = backend.build_editable
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise HookMissing(hook_name='build_editable')
+        else:
+            whl_basename = build_hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+            return _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(whl_basename,
+                                                  metadata_directory,
+                                                  config_settings)
+    else:
+        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
+
+
+WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER = 'PEP517_ALREADY_BUILT_WHEEL'
+
+
+def _dist_info_files(whl_zip):
+    """Identify the .dist-info folder inside a wheel ZipFile."""
+    res = []
+    for path in whl_zip.namelist():
+        m = re.match(r'[^/\\]+-[^/\\]+\.dist-info/', path)
+        if m:
+            res.append(path)
+    if res:
+        return res
+    raise Exception("No .dist-info folder found in wheel")
+
+
+def _get_wheel_metadata_from_wheel(
+        whl_basename, metadata_directory, config_settings):
+    """Extract the metadata from a wheel.
+
+    Fallback for when the build backend does not
+    define the 'get_wheel_metadata' hook.
+    """
+    from zipfile import ZipFile
+    with open(os.path.join(metadata_directory, WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER), 'wb'):
+        pass  # Touch marker file
+
+    whl_file = os.path.join(metadata_directory, whl_basename)
+    with ZipFile(whl_file) as zipf:
+        dist_info = _dist_info_files(zipf)
+        zipf.extractall(path=metadata_directory, members=dist_info)
+    return dist_info[0].split('/')[0]
+
+
+def _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory):
+    """Check for a wheel already built during the get_wheel_metadata hook.
+    """
+    if not metadata_directory:
+        return None
+    metadata_parent = os.path.dirname(metadata_directory)
+    if not os.path.isfile(pjoin(metadata_parent, WHEEL_BUILT_MARKER)):
+        return None
+
+    whl_files = glob(os.path.join(metadata_parent, '*.whl'))
+    if not whl_files:
+        print('Found wheel built marker, but no .whl files')
+        return None
+    if len(whl_files) > 1:
+        print('Found multiple .whl files; unspecified behaviour. '
+              'Will call build_wheel.')
+        return None
+
+    # Exactly one .whl file
+    return whl_files[0]
+
+
+def build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory=None):
+    """Invoke the mandatory build_wheel hook.
+
+    If a wheel was already built in the
+    prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel fallback, this
+    will copy it rather than rebuilding the wheel.
+    """
+    prebuilt_whl = _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory)
+    if prebuilt_whl:
+        shutil.copy2(prebuilt_whl, wheel_directory)
+        return os.path.basename(prebuilt_whl)
+
+    return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
+                                        metadata_directory)
+
+
+def build_editable(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory=None):
+    """Invoke the optional build_editable hook.
+
+    If a wheel was already built in the
+    prepare_metadata_for_build_editable fallback, this
+    will copy it rather than rebuilding the wheel.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.build_editable
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise HookMissing()
+    else:
+        prebuilt_whl = _find_already_built_wheel(metadata_directory)
+        if prebuilt_whl:
+            shutil.copy2(prebuilt_whl, wheel_directory)
+            return os.path.basename(prebuilt_whl)
+
+        return hook(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
+
+
+def get_requires_for_build_sdist(config_settings):
+    """Invoke the optional get_requires_for_build_wheel hook
+
+    Returns [] if the hook is not defined.
+    """
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        hook = backend.get_requires_for_build_sdist
+    except AttributeError:
+        return []
+    else:
+        return hook(config_settings)
+
+
+class _DummyException(Exception):
+    """Nothing should ever raise this exception"""
+
+
+class GotUnsupportedOperation(Exception):
+    """For internal use when backend raises UnsupportedOperation"""
+    def __init__(self, traceback):
+        self.traceback = traceback
+
+
+def build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings):
+    """Invoke the mandatory build_sdist hook."""
+    backend = _build_backend()
+    try:
+        return backend.build_sdist(sdist_directory, config_settings)
+    except getattr(backend, 'UnsupportedOperation', _DummyException):
+        raise GotUnsupportedOperation(traceback.format_exc())
+
+
+HOOK_NAMES = {
+    'get_requires_for_build_wheel',
+    'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel',
+    'build_wheel',
+    'get_requires_for_build_editable',
+    'prepare_metadata_for_build_editable',
+    'build_editable',
+    'get_requires_for_build_sdist',
+    'build_sdist',
+    '_supported_features',
+}
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
+        sys.exit("Needs args: hook_name, control_dir")
+    hook_name = sys.argv[1]
+    control_dir = sys.argv[2]
+    if hook_name not in HOOK_NAMES:
+        sys.exit("Unknown hook: %s" % hook_name)
+    hook = globals()[hook_name]
+
+    hook_input = read_json(pjoin(control_dir, 'input.json'))
+
+    json_out = {'unsupported': False, 'return_val': None}
+    try:
+        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
+    except BackendUnavailable as e:
+        json_out['no_backend'] = True
+        json_out['traceback'] = e.traceback
+    except BackendInvalid as e:
+        json_out['backend_invalid'] = True
+        json_out['backend_error'] = e.message
+    except GotUnsupportedOperation as e:
+        json_out['unsupported'] = True
+        json_out['traceback'] = e.traceback
+    except HookMissing as e:
+        json_out['hook_missing'] = True
+        json_out['missing_hook_name'] = e.hook_name or hook_name
+
+    write_json(json_out, pjoin(control_dir, 'output.json'), indent=2)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10ff67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#   __
+#  /__)  _  _     _   _ _/   _
+# / (   (- (/ (/ (- _)  /  _)
+#          /
+
+"""
+Requests HTTP Library
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Requests is an HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings.
+Basic GET usage:
+
+   >>> import requests
+   >>> r = requests.get('https://www.python.org')
+   >>> r.status_code
+   200
+   >>> b'Python is a programming language' in r.content
+   True
+
+... or POST:
+
+   >>> payload = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+   >>> r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
+   >>> print(r.text)
+   {
+     ...
+     "form": {
+       "key1": "value1",
+       "key2": "value2"
+     },
+     ...
+   }
+
+The other HTTP methods are supported - see `requests.api`. Full documentation
+is at <https://requests.readthedocs.io>.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2017 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+import warnings
+
+from pip._vendor import urllib3
+
+from .exceptions import RequestsDependencyWarning
+
+charset_normalizer_version = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.chardet import __version__ as chardet_version
+except ImportError:
+    chardet_version = None
+
+
+def check_compatibility(urllib3_version, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version):
+    urllib3_version = urllib3_version.split(".")
+    assert urllib3_version != ["dev"]  # Verify urllib3 isn't installed from git.
+
+    # Sometimes, urllib3 only reports its version as 16.1.
+    if len(urllib3_version) == 2:
+        urllib3_version.append("0")
+
+    # Check urllib3 for compatibility.
+    major, minor, patch = urllib3_version  # noqa: F811
+    major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+    # urllib3 >= 1.21.1
+    assert major >= 1
+    if major == 1:
+        assert minor >= 21
+
+    # Check charset_normalizer for compatibility.
+    if chardet_version:
+        major, minor, patch = chardet_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # chardet_version >= 3.0.2, < 6.0.0
+        assert (3, 0, 2) <= (major, minor, patch) < (6, 0, 0)
+    elif charset_normalizer_version:
+        major, minor, patch = charset_normalizer_version.split(".")[:3]
+        major, minor, patch = int(major), int(minor), int(patch)
+        # charset_normalizer >= 2.0.0 < 4.0.0
+        assert (2, 0, 0) <= (major, minor, patch) < (4, 0, 0)
+    else:
+        raise Exception("You need either charset_normalizer or chardet installed")
+
+
+def _check_cryptography(cryptography_version):
+    # cryptography < 1.3.4
+    try:
+        cryptography_version = list(map(int, cryptography_version.split(".")))
+    except ValueError:
+        return
+
+    if cryptography_version < [1, 3, 4]:
+        warning = "Old version of cryptography ({}) may cause slowdown.".format(
+            cryptography_version
+        )
+        warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning)
+
+
+# Check imported dependencies for compatibility.
+try:
+    check_compatibility(
+        urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
+    )
+except (AssertionError, ValueError):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "urllib3 ({}) or chardet ({})/charset_normalizer ({}) doesn't match a supported "
+        "version!".format(
+            urllib3.__version__, chardet_version, charset_normalizer_version
+        ),
+        RequestsDependencyWarning,
+    )
+
+# Attempt to enable urllib3's fallback for SNI support
+# if the standard library doesn't support SNI or the
+# 'ssl' library isn't available.
+try:
+    # Note: This logic prevents upgrading cryptography on Windows, if imported
+    #       as part of pip.
+    from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+    if not WINDOWS:
+        raise ImportError("pip internals: don't import cryptography on Windows")
+    try:
+        import ssl
+    except ImportError:
+        ssl = None
+
+    if not getattr(ssl, "HAS_SNI", False):
+        from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+        # Check cryptography version
+        from cryptography import __version__ as cryptography_version
+
+        _check_cryptography(cryptography_version)
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+# urllib3's DependencyWarnings should be silenced.
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DependencyWarning)
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import packages, utils
+from .__version__ import (
+    __author__,
+    __author_email__,
+    __build__,
+    __cake__,
+    __copyright__,
+    __description__,
+    __license__,
+    __title__,
+    __url__,
+    __version__,
+)
+from .api import delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put, request
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    FileModeWarning,
+    HTTPError,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RequestException,
+    Timeout,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+    URLRequired,
+)
+from .models import PreparedRequest, Request, Response
+from .sessions import Session, session
+from .status_codes import codes
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+# FileModeWarnings go off per the default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", FileModeWarning, append=True)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5063c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__version__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# .-. .-. .-. . . .-. .-. .-. .-.
+# |(  |-  |.| | | |-  `-.  |  `-.
+# ' ' `-' `-`.`-' `-' `-'  '  `-'
+
+__title__ = "requests"
+__description__ = "Python HTTP for Humans."
+__url__ = "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
+__version__ = "2.31.0"
+__build__ = 0x023100
+__author__ = "Kenneth Reitz"
+__author_email__ = "me@kennethreitz.org"
+__license__ = "Apache 2.0"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright Kenneth Reitz"
+__cake__ = "\u2728 \U0001f370 \u2728"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2cf635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/_internal_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""
+requests._internal_utils
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Provides utility functions that are consumed internally by Requests
+which depend on extremely few external helpers (such as compat)
+"""
+import re
+
+from .compat import builtin_str
+
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
+_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^[^:\s][^:\r\n]*$")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE = re.compile(rb"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+_VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR = re.compile(r"^\S[^\r\n]*$|^$")
+
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_STR, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_STR)
+_HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE = (_VALID_HEADER_NAME_RE_BYTE, _VALID_HEADER_VALUE_RE_BYTE)
+HEADER_VALIDATORS = {
+    bytes: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    str: _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+}
+
+
+def to_native_string(string, encoding="ascii"):
+    """Given a string object, regardless of type, returns a representation of
+    that string in the native string type, encoding and decoding where
+    necessary. This assumes ASCII unless told otherwise.
+    """
+    if isinstance(string, builtin_str):
+        out = string
+    else:
+        out = string.decode(encoding)
+
+    return out
+
+
+def unicode_is_ascii(u_string):
+    """Determine if unicode string only contains ASCII characters.
+
+    :param str u_string: unicode string to check. Must be unicode
+        and not Python 2 `str`.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    assert isinstance(u_string, str)
+    try:
+        u_string.encode("ascii")
+        return True
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10c1767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+"""
+requests.adapters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the transport adapters that Requests uses to define
+and maintain connections.
+"""
+
+import os.path
+import socket  # noqa: F401
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ClosedPoolError, ConnectTimeoutError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _HTTPError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import InvalidHeader as _InvalidHeader
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import (
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ProxyError as _ProxyError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import ReadTimeoutError, ResponseError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import SSLError as _SSLError
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager, proxy_from_url
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import Timeout as TimeoutSauce
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import parse_url
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util.retry import Retry
+
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .compat import basestring, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionError,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidProxyURL,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    InvalidURL,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeout,
+    RetryError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .models import Response
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH,
+    extract_zipped_paths,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_encoding_from_headers,
+    prepend_scheme_if_needed,
+    select_proxy,
+    urldefragauth,
+)
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.socks import SOCKSProxyManager
+except ImportError:
+
+    def SOCKSProxyManager(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise InvalidSchema("Missing dependencies for SOCKS support.")
+
+
+DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK = False
+DEFAULT_POOLSIZE = 10
+DEFAULT_RETRIES = 0
+DEFAULT_POOL_TIMEOUT = None
+
+
+class BaseAdapter:
+    """The Base Transport Adapter"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def send(
+        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
+    ):
+        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
+        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Cleans up adapter specific items."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
+    """The built-in HTTP Adapter for urllib3.
+
+    Provides a general-case interface for Requests sessions to contact HTTP and
+    HTTPS urls by implementing the Transport Adapter interface. This class will
+    usually be created by the :class:`Session <Session>` class under the
+    covers.
+
+    :param pool_connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
+    :param pool_maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
+    :param max_retries: The maximum number of retries each connection
+        should attempt. Note, this applies only to failed DNS lookups, socket
+        connections and connection timeouts, never to requests where data has
+        made it to the server. By default, Requests does not retry failed
+        connections. If you need granular control over the conditions under
+        which we retry a request, import urllib3's ``Retry`` class and pass
+        that instead.
+    :param pool_block: Whether the connection pool should block for connections.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> a = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3)
+      >>> s.mount('http://', a)
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "max_retries",
+        "config",
+        "_pool_connections",
+        "_pool_maxsize",
+        "_pool_block",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pool_connections=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        pool_maxsize=DEFAULT_POOLSIZE,
+        max_retries=DEFAULT_RETRIES,
+        pool_block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK,
+    ):
+        if max_retries == DEFAULT_RETRIES:
+            self.max_retries = Retry(0, read=False)
+        else:
+            self.max_retries = Retry.from_int(max_retries)
+        self.config = {}
+        self.proxy_manager = {}
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self._pool_connections = pool_connections
+        self._pool_maxsize = pool_maxsize
+        self._pool_block = pool_block
+
+        self.init_poolmanager(pool_connections, pool_maxsize, block=pool_block)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        # Can't handle by adding 'proxy_manager' to self.__attrs__ because
+        # self.poolmanager uses a lambda function, which isn't pickleable.
+        self.proxy_manager = {}
+        self.config = {}
+
+        for attr, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+
+        self.init_poolmanager(
+            self._pool_connections, self._pool_maxsize, block=self._pool_block
+        )
+
+    def init_poolmanager(
+        self, connections, maxsize, block=DEFAULT_POOLBLOCK, **pool_kwargs
+    ):
+        """Initializes a urllib3 PoolManager.
+
+        This method should not be called from user code, and is only
+        exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param connections: The number of urllib3 connection pools to cache.
+        :param maxsize: The maximum number of connections to save in the pool.
+        :param block: Block when no free connections are available.
+        :param pool_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to initialize the Pool Manager.
+        """
+        # save these values for pickling
+        self._pool_connections = connections
+        self._pool_maxsize = maxsize
+        self._pool_block = block
+
+        self.poolmanager = PoolManager(
+            num_pools=connections,
+            maxsize=maxsize,
+            block=block,
+            **pool_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy, **proxy_kwargs):
+        """Return urllib3 ProxyManager for the given proxy.
+
+        This method should not be called from user code, and is only
+        exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param proxy: The proxy to return a urllib3 ProxyManager for.
+        :param proxy_kwargs: Extra keyword arguments used to configure the Proxy Manager.
+        :returns: ProxyManager
+        :rtype: urllib3.ProxyManager
+        """
+        if proxy in self.proxy_manager:
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy]
+        elif proxy.lower().startswith("socks"):
+            username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = SOCKSProxyManager(
+                proxy,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                num_pools=self._pool_connections,
+                maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
+                block=self._pool_block,
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            proxy_headers = self.proxy_headers(proxy)
+            manager = self.proxy_manager[proxy] = proxy_from_url(
+                proxy,
+                proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+                num_pools=self._pool_connections,
+                maxsize=self._pool_maxsize,
+                block=self._pool_block,
+                **proxy_kwargs,
+            )
+
+        return manager
+
+    def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
+        """Verify a SSL certificate. This method should not be called from user
+        code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param conn: The urllib3 connection object associated with the cert.
+        :param url: The requested URL.
+        :param verify: Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: The SSL certificate to verify.
+        """
+        if url.lower().startswith("https") and verify:
+
+            cert_loc = None
+
+            # Allow self-specified cert location.
+            if verify is not True:
+                cert_loc = verify
+
+            if not cert_loc:
+                cert_loc = extract_zipped_paths(DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH)
+
+            if not cert_loc or not os.path.exists(cert_loc):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, "
+                    f"invalid path: {cert_loc}"
+                )
+
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_REQUIRED"
+
+            if not os.path.isdir(cert_loc):
+                conn.ca_certs = cert_loc
+            else:
+                conn.ca_cert_dir = cert_loc
+        else:
+            conn.cert_reqs = "CERT_NONE"
+            conn.ca_certs = None
+            conn.ca_cert_dir = None
+
+        if cert:
+            if not isinstance(cert, basestring):
+                conn.cert_file = cert[0]
+                conn.key_file = cert[1]
+            else:
+                conn.cert_file = cert
+                conn.key_file = None
+            if conn.cert_file and not os.path.exists(conn.cert_file):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS certificate file, "
+                    f"invalid path: {conn.cert_file}"
+                )
+            if conn.key_file and not os.path.exists(conn.key_file):
+                raise OSError(
+                    f"Could not find the TLS key file, invalid path: {conn.key_file}"
+                )
+
+    def build_response(self, req, resp):
+        """Builds a :class:`Response <requests.Response>` object from a urllib3
+        response. This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed
+        for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`
+
+        :param req: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` used to generate the response.
+        :param resp: The urllib3 response object.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        response = Response()
+
+        # Fallback to None if there's no status_code, for whatever reason.
+        response.status_code = getattr(resp, "status", None)
+
+        # Make headers case-insensitive.
+        response.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict(getattr(resp, "headers", {}))
+
+        # Set encoding.
+        response.encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
+        response.raw = resp
+        response.reason = response.raw.reason
+
+        if isinstance(req.url, bytes):
+            response.url = req.url.decode("utf-8")
+        else:
+            response.url = req.url
+
+        # Add new cookies from the server.
+        extract_cookies_to_jar(response.cookies, req, resp)
+
+        # Give the Response some context.
+        response.request = req
+        response.connection = self
+
+        return response
+
+    def get_connection(self, url, proxies=None):
+        """Returns a urllib3 connection for the given URL. This should not be
+        called from user code, and is only exposed for use when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param url: The URL to connect to.
+        :param proxies: (optional) A Requests-style dictionary of proxies used on this request.
+        :rtype: urllib3.ConnectionPool
+        """
+        proxy = select_proxy(url, proxies)
+
+        if proxy:
+            proxy = prepend_scheme_if_needed(proxy, "http")
+            proxy_url = parse_url(proxy)
+            if not proxy_url.host:
+                raise InvalidProxyURL(
+                    "Please check proxy URL. It is malformed "
+                    "and could be missing the host."
+                )
+            proxy_manager = self.proxy_manager_for(proxy)
+            conn = proxy_manager.connection_from_url(url)
+        else:
+            # Only scheme should be lower case
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            url = parsed.geturl()
+            conn = self.poolmanager.connection_from_url(url)
+
+        return conn
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Disposes of any internal state.
+
+        Currently, this closes the PoolManager and any active ProxyManager,
+        which closes any pooled connections.
+        """
+        self.poolmanager.clear()
+        for proxy in self.proxy_manager.values():
+            proxy.clear()
+
+    def request_url(self, request, proxies):
+        """Obtain the url to use when making the final request.
+
+        If the message is being sent through a HTTP proxy, the full URL has to
+        be used. Otherwise, we should only use the path portion of the URL.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        proxy = select_proxy(request.url, proxies)
+        scheme = urlparse(request.url).scheme
+
+        is_proxied_http_request = proxy and scheme != "https"
+        using_socks_proxy = False
+        if proxy:
+            proxy_scheme = urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower()
+            using_socks_proxy = proxy_scheme.startswith("socks")
+
+        url = request.path_url
+        if is_proxied_http_request and not using_socks_proxy:
+            url = urldefragauth(request.url)
+
+        return url
+
+    def add_headers(self, request, **kwargs):
+        """Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does
+        nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass
+        the :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` to add headers to.
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments from the call to send().
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def proxy_headers(self, proxy):
+        """Returns a dictionary of the headers to add to any request sent
+        through a proxy. This works with urllib3 magic to ensure that they are
+        correctly sent to the proxy, rather than in a tunnelled request if
+        CONNECT is being used.
+
+        This should not be called from user code, and is only exposed for use
+        when subclassing the
+        :class:`HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter>`.
+
+        :param proxy: The url of the proxy being used for this request.
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        headers = {}
+        username, password = get_auth_from_url(proxy)
+
+        if username:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+
+        return headers
+
+    def send(
+        self, request, stream=False, timeout=None, verify=True, cert=None, proxies=None
+    ):
+        """Sends PreparedRequest object. Returns Response object.
+
+        :param request: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` being sent.
+        :param stream: (optional) Whether to stream the request content.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple or urllib3 Timeout object
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether
+            we verify the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it
+            must be a path to a CA bundle to use
+        :param cert: (optional) Any user-provided SSL certificate to be trusted.
+        :param proxies: (optional) The proxies dictionary to apply to the request.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        try:
+            conn = self.get_connection(request.url, proxies)
+        except LocationValueError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(e, request=request)
+
+        self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
+        url = self.request_url(request, proxies)
+        self.add_headers(
+            request,
+            stream=stream,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            verify=verify,
+            cert=cert,
+            proxies=proxies,
+        )
+
+        chunked = not (request.body is None or "Content-Length" in request.headers)
+
+        if isinstance(timeout, tuple):
+            try:
+                connect, read = timeout
+                timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=connect, read=read)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid timeout {timeout}. Pass a (connect, read) timeout tuple, "
+                    f"or a single float to set both timeouts to the same value."
+                )
+        elif isinstance(timeout, TimeoutSauce):
+            pass
+        else:
+            timeout = TimeoutSauce(connect=timeout, read=timeout)
+
+        try:
+            resp = conn.urlopen(
+                method=request.method,
+                url=url,
+                body=request.body,
+                headers=request.headers,
+                redirect=False,
+                assert_same_host=False,
+                preload_content=False,
+                decode_content=False,
+                retries=self.max_retries,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
+
+        except (ProtocolError, OSError) as err:
+            raise ConnectionError(err, request=request)
+
+        except MaxRetryError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.reason, ConnectTimeoutError):
+                # TODO: Remove this in 3.0.0: see #2811
+                if not isinstance(e.reason, NewConnectionError):
+                    raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, ResponseError):
+                raise RetryError(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, _ProxyError):
+                raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
+
+            if isinstance(e.reason, _SSLError):
+                # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
+                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
+
+            raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
+
+        except ClosedPoolError as e:
+            raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
+
+        except _ProxyError as e:
+            raise ProxyError(e)
+
+        except (_SSLError, _HTTPError) as e:
+            if isinstance(e, _SSLError):
+                # This branch is for urllib3 versions earlier than v1.22
+                raise SSLError(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError):
+                raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)
+            elif isinstance(e, _InvalidHeader):
+                raise InvalidHeader(e, request=request)
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        return self.build_response(request, resp)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd0b3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""
+requests.api
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module implements the Requests API.
+
+:copyright: (c) 2012 by Kenneth Reitz.
+:license: Apache2, see LICENSE for more details.
+"""
+
+from . import sessions
+
+
+def request(method, url, **kwargs):
+    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.
+
+    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object: ``GET``, ``OPTIONS``, ``HEAD``, ``POST``, ``PUT``, ``PATCH``, or ``DELETE``.
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
+        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
+    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
+    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
+        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
+        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
+        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
+        to add for the file.
+    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
+    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
+        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
+        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+    :type timeout: float or tuple
+    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :type allow_redirects: bool
+    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
+    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
+    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
+    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> req
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
+    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
+    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
+    with sessions.Session() as session:
+        return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a GET request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
+        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)
+
+
+def options(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends an OPTIONS request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("options", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def head(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a HEAD request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. If
+        `allow_redirects` is not provided, it will be set to `False` (as
+        opposed to the default :meth:`request` behavior).
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+    return request("head", url, **kwargs)
+
+
+def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a POST request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+
+
+def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a PUT request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+
+def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a PATCH request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("patch", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+
+def delete(url, **kwargs):
+    r"""Sends a DELETE request.
+
+    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
+    :rtype: requests.Response
+    """
+
+    return request("delete", url, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9733686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+"""
+requests.auth
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the authentication handlers for Requests.
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import threading
+import time
+import warnings
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import basestring, str, urlparse
+from .cookies import extract_cookies_to_jar
+from .utils import parse_dict_header
+
+CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URLENCODED = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+CONTENT_TYPE_MULTI_PART = "multipart/form-data"
+
+
+def _basic_auth_str(username, password):
+    """Returns a Basic Auth string."""
+
+    # "I want us to put a big-ol' comment on top of it that
+    # says that this behaviour is dumb but we need to preserve
+    # it because people are relying on it."
+    #    - Lukasa
+    #
+    # These are here solely to maintain backwards compatibility
+    # for things like ints. This will be removed in 3.0.0.
+    if not isinstance(username, basestring):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string usernames will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.".format(username),
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        username = str(username)
+
+    if not isinstance(password, basestring):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Non-string passwords will no longer be supported in Requests "
+            "3.0.0. Please convert the object you've passed in ({!r}) to "
+            "a string or bytes object in the near future to avoid "
+            "problems.".format(type(password)),
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        password = str(password)
+    # -- End Removal --
+
+    if isinstance(username, str):
+        username = username.encode("latin1")
+
+    if isinstance(password, str):
+        password = password.encode("latin1")
+
+    authstr = "Basic " + to_native_string(
+        b64encode(b":".join((username, password))).strip()
+    )
+
+    return authstr
+
+
+class AuthBase:
+    """Base class that all auth implementations derive from"""
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Auth hooks must be callable.")
+
+
+class HTTPBasicAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Basic Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, username, password):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        r.headers["Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPProxyAuth(HTTPBasicAuth):
+    """Attaches HTTP Proxy Authentication to a given Request object."""
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        r.headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password)
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPDigestAuth(AuthBase):
+    """Attaches HTTP Digest Authentication to the given Request object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, username, password):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        # Keep state in per-thread local storage
+        self._thread_local = threading.local()
+
+    def init_per_thread_state(self):
+        # Ensure state is initialized just once per-thread
+        if not hasattr(self._thread_local, "init"):
+            self._thread_local.init = True
+            self._thread_local.last_nonce = ""
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 0
+            self._thread_local.chal = {}
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = None
+
+    def build_digest_header(self, method, url):
+        """
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+
+        realm = self._thread_local.chal["realm"]
+        nonce = self._thread_local.chal["nonce"]
+        qop = self._thread_local.chal.get("qop")
+        algorithm = self._thread_local.chal.get("algorithm")
+        opaque = self._thread_local.chal.get("opaque")
+        hash_utf8 = None
+
+        if algorithm is None:
+            _algorithm = "MD5"
+        else:
+            _algorithm = algorithm.upper()
+        # lambdas assume digest modules are imported at the top level
+        if _algorithm == "MD5" or _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+
+            def md5_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.md5(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = md5_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA":
+
+            def sha_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha1(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-256":
+
+            def sha256_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha256(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha256_utf8
+        elif _algorithm == "SHA-512":
+
+            def sha512_utf8(x):
+                if isinstance(x, str):
+                    x = x.encode("utf-8")
+                return hashlib.sha512(x).hexdigest()
+
+            hash_utf8 = sha512_utf8
+
+        KD = lambda s, d: hash_utf8(f"{s}:{d}")  # noqa:E731
+
+        if hash_utf8 is None:
+            return None
+
+        # XXX not implemented yet
+        entdig = None
+        p_parsed = urlparse(url)
+        #: path is request-uri defined in RFC 2616 which should not be empty
+        path = p_parsed.path or "/"
+        if p_parsed.query:
+            path += f"?{p_parsed.query}"
+
+        A1 = f"{self.username}:{realm}:{self.password}"
+        A2 = f"{method}:{path}"
+
+        HA1 = hash_utf8(A1)
+        HA2 = hash_utf8(A2)
+
+        if nonce == self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count += 1
+        else:
+            self._thread_local.nonce_count = 1
+        ncvalue = f"{self._thread_local.nonce_count:08x}"
+        s = str(self._thread_local.nonce_count).encode("utf-8")
+        s += nonce.encode("utf-8")
+        s += time.ctime().encode("utf-8")
+        s += os.urandom(8)
+
+        cnonce = hashlib.sha1(s).hexdigest()[:16]
+        if _algorithm == "MD5-SESS":
+            HA1 = hash_utf8(f"{HA1}:{nonce}:{cnonce}")
+
+        if not qop:
+            respdig = KD(HA1, f"{nonce}:{HA2}")
+        elif qop == "auth" or "auth" in qop.split(","):
+            noncebit = f"{nonce}:{ncvalue}:{cnonce}:auth:{HA2}"
+            respdig = KD(HA1, noncebit)
+        else:
+            # XXX handle auth-int.
+            return None
+
+        self._thread_local.last_nonce = nonce
+
+        # XXX should the partial digests be encoded too?
+        base = (
+            f'username="{self.username}", realm="{realm}", nonce="{nonce}", '
+            f'uri="{path}", response="{respdig}"'
+        )
+        if opaque:
+            base += f', opaque="{opaque}"'
+        if algorithm:
+            base += f', algorithm="{algorithm}"'
+        if entdig:
+            base += f', digest="{entdig}"'
+        if qop:
+            base += f', qop="auth", nc={ncvalue}, cnonce="{cnonce}"'
+
+        return f"Digest {base}"
+
+    def handle_redirect(self, r, **kwargs):
+        """Reset num_401_calls counter on redirects."""
+        if r.is_redirect:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+    def handle_401(self, r, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Takes the given response and tries digest-auth, if needed.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        # If response is not 4xx, do not auth
+        # See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3772
+        if not 400 <= r.status_code < 500:
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+            return r
+
+        if self._thread_local.pos is not None:
+            # Rewind the file position indicator of the body to where
+            # it was to resend the request.
+            r.request.body.seek(self._thread_local.pos)
+        s_auth = r.headers.get("www-authenticate", "")
+
+        if "digest" in s_auth.lower() and self._thread_local.num_401_calls < 2:
+
+            self._thread_local.num_401_calls += 1
+            pat = re.compile(r"digest ", flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+            self._thread_local.chal = parse_dict_header(pat.sub("", s_auth, count=1))
+
+            # Consume content and release the original connection
+            # to allow our new request to reuse the same one.
+            r.content
+            r.close()
+            prep = r.request.copy()
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(prep._cookies, r.request, r.raw)
+            prep.prepare_cookies(prep._cookies)
+
+            prep.headers["Authorization"] = self.build_digest_header(
+                prep.method, prep.url
+            )
+            _r = r.connection.send(prep, **kwargs)
+            _r.history.append(r)
+            _r.request = prep
+
+            return _r
+
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+        return r
+
+    def __call__(self, r):
+        # Initialize per-thread state, if needed
+        self.init_per_thread_state()
+        # If we have a saved nonce, skip the 401
+        if self._thread_local.last_nonce:
+            r.headers["Authorization"] = self.build_digest_header(r.method, r.url)
+        try:
+            self._thread_local.pos = r.body.tell()
+        except AttributeError:
+            # In the case of HTTPDigestAuth being reused and the body of
+            # the previous request was a file-like object, pos has the
+            # file position of the previous body. Ensure it's set to
+            # None.
+            self._thread_local.pos = None
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_401)
+        r.register_hook("response", self.handle_redirect)
+        self._thread_local.num_401_calls = 1
+
+        return r
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return all(
+            [
+                self.username == getattr(other, "username", None),
+                self.password == getattr(other, "password", None),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38696a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/certs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+requests.certs
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module returns the preferred default CA certificate bundle. There is
+only one — the one from the certifi package.
+
+If you are packaging Requests, e.g., for a Linux distribution or a managed
+environment, you can change the definition of where() to return a separately
+packaged CA bundle.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+if "_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT" not in os.environ:
+    from pip._vendor.certifi import where
+else:
+    def where():
+        return os.environ["_PIP_STANDALONE_CERT"]
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(where())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ab2bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""
+requests.compat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module previously handled import compatibility issues
+between Python 2 and Python 3. It remains for backwards
+compatibility until the next major version.
+"""
+
+from pip._vendor import chardet
+
+import sys
+
+# -------
+# Pythons
+# -------
+
+# Syntax sugar.
+_ver = sys.version_info
+
+#: Python 2.x?
+is_py2 = _ver[0] == 2
+
+#: Python 3.x?
+is_py3 = _ver[0] == 3
+
+# Note: We've patched out simplejson support in pip because it prevents
+#       upgrading simplejson on Windows.
+import json
+from json import JSONDecodeError
+
+# Keep OrderedDict for backwards compatibility.
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from http import cookiejar as cookielib
+from http.cookies import Morsel
+from io import StringIO
+
+# --------------
+# Legacy Imports
+# --------------
+from urllib.parse import (
+    quote,
+    quote_plus,
+    unquote,
+    unquote_plus,
+    urldefrag,
+    urlencode,
+    urljoin,
+    urlparse,
+    urlsplit,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from urllib.request import (
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    parse_http_list,
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,
+)
+
+builtin_str = str
+str = str
+bytes = bytes
+basestring = (str, bytes)
+numeric_types = (int, float)
+integer_types = (int,)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf54ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/cookies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+"""
+requests.cookies
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Compatibility code to be able to use `cookielib.CookieJar` with requests.
+
+requests.utils imports from here, so be careful with imports.
+"""
+
+import calendar
+import copy
+import time
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .compat import Morsel, MutableMapping, cookielib, urlparse, urlunparse
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+
+
+class MockRequest:
+    """Wraps a `requests.Request` to mimic a `urllib2.Request`.
+
+    The code in `cookielib.CookieJar` expects this interface in order to correctly
+    manage cookie policies, i.e., determine whether a cookie can be set, given the
+    domains of the request and the cookie.
+
+    The original request object is read-only. The client is responsible for collecting
+    the new headers via `get_new_headers()` and interpreting them appropriately. You
+    probably want `get_cookie_header`, defined below.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request):
+        self._r = request
+        self._new_headers = {}
+        self.type = urlparse(self._r.url).scheme
+
+    def get_type(self):
+        return self.type
+
+    def get_host(self):
+        return urlparse(self._r.url).netloc
+
+    def get_origin_req_host(self):
+        return self.get_host()
+
+    def get_full_url(self):
+        # Only return the response's URL if the user hadn't set the Host
+        # header
+        if not self._r.headers.get("Host"):
+            return self._r.url
+        # If they did set it, retrieve it and reconstruct the expected domain
+        host = to_native_string(self._r.headers["Host"], encoding="utf-8")
+        parsed = urlparse(self._r.url)
+        # Reconstruct the URL as we expect it
+        return urlunparse(
+            [
+                parsed.scheme,
+                host,
+                parsed.path,
+                parsed.params,
+                parsed.query,
+                parsed.fragment,
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def is_unverifiable(self):
+        return True
+
+    def has_header(self, name):
+        return name in self._r.headers or name in self._new_headers
+
+    def get_header(self, name, default=None):
+        return self._r.headers.get(name, self._new_headers.get(name, default))
+
+    def add_header(self, key, val):
+        """cookielib has no legitimate use for this method; add it back if you find one."""
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Cookie headers should be added with add_unredirected_header()"
+        )
+
+    def add_unredirected_header(self, name, value):
+        self._new_headers[name] = value
+
+    def get_new_headers(self):
+        return self._new_headers
+
+    @property
+    def unverifiable(self):
+        return self.is_unverifiable()
+
+    @property
+    def origin_req_host(self):
+        return self.get_origin_req_host()
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        return self.get_host()
+
+
+class MockResponse:
+    """Wraps a `httplib.HTTPMessage` to mimic a `urllib.addinfourl`.
+
+    ...what? Basically, expose the parsed HTTP headers from the server response
+    the way `cookielib` expects to see them.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers):
+        """Make a MockResponse for `cookielib` to read.
+
+        :param headers: a httplib.HTTPMessage or analogous carrying the headers
+        """
+        self._headers = headers
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self._headers
+
+    def getheaders(self, name):
+        self._headers.getheaders(name)
+
+
+def extract_cookies_to_jar(jar, request, response):
+    """Extract the cookies from the response into a CookieJar.
+
+    :param jar: cookielib.CookieJar (not necessarily a RequestsCookieJar)
+    :param request: our own requests.Request object
+    :param response: urllib3.HTTPResponse object
+    """
+    if not (hasattr(response, "_original_response") and response._original_response):
+        return
+    # the _original_response field is the wrapped httplib.HTTPResponse object,
+    req = MockRequest(request)
+    # pull out the HTTPMessage with the headers and put it in the mock:
+    res = MockResponse(response._original_response.msg)
+    jar.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+
+def get_cookie_header(jar, request):
+    """
+    Produce an appropriate Cookie header string to be sent with `request`, or None.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    r = MockRequest(request)
+    jar.add_cookie_header(r)
+    return r.get_new_headers().get("Cookie")
+
+
+def remove_cookie_by_name(cookiejar, name, domain=None, path=None):
+    """Unsets a cookie by name, by default over all domains and paths.
+
+    Wraps CookieJar.clear(), is O(n).
+    """
+    clearables = []
+    for cookie in cookiejar:
+        if cookie.name != name:
+            continue
+        if domain is not None and domain != cookie.domain:
+            continue
+        if path is not None and path != cookie.path:
+            continue
+        clearables.append((cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name))
+
+    for domain, path, name in clearables:
+        cookiejar.clear(domain, path, name)
+
+
+class CookieConflictError(RuntimeError):
+    """There are two cookies that meet the criteria specified in the cookie jar.
+    Use .get and .set and include domain and path args in order to be more specific.
+    """
+
+
+class RequestsCookieJar(cookielib.CookieJar, MutableMapping):
+    """Compatibility class; is a cookielib.CookieJar, but exposes a dict
+    interface.
+
+    This is the CookieJar we create by default for requests and sessions that
+    don't specify one, since some clients may expect response.cookies and
+    session.cookies to support dict operations.
+
+    Requests does not use the dict interface internally; it's just for
+    compatibility with external client code. All requests code should work
+    out of the box with externally provided instances of ``CookieJar``, e.g.
+    ``LWPCookieJar`` and ``FileCookieJar``.
+
+    Unlike a regular CookieJar, this class is pickleable.
+
+    .. warning:: dictionary operations that are normally O(1) may be O(n).
+    """
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Dict-like get() that also supports optional domain and path args in
+        order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
+        multiple domains.
+
+        .. warning:: operation is O(n), not O(1).
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._find_no_duplicates(name, domain, path)
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def set(self, name, value, **kwargs):
+        """Dict-like set() that also supports optional domain and path args in
+        order to resolve naming collisions from using one cookie jar over
+        multiple domains.
+        """
+        # support client code that unsets cookies by assignment of a None value:
+        if value is None:
+            remove_cookie_by_name(
+                self, name, domain=kwargs.get("domain"), path=kwargs.get("path")
+            )
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(value, Morsel):
+            c = morsel_to_cookie(value)
+        else:
+            c = create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs)
+        self.set_cookie(c)
+        return c
+
+    def iterkeys(self):
+        """Dict-like iterkeys() that returns an iterator of names of cookies
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: itervalues() and iteritems().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.name
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """Dict-like keys() that returns a list of names of cookies from the
+        jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: values() and items().
+        """
+        return list(self.iterkeys())
+
+    def itervalues(self):
+        """Dict-like itervalues() that returns an iterator of values of cookies
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: iterkeys() and iteritems().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.value
+
+    def values(self):
+        """Dict-like values() that returns a list of values of cookies from the
+        jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: keys() and items().
+        """
+        return list(self.itervalues())
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        """Dict-like iteritems() that returns an iterator of name-value tuples
+        from the jar.
+
+        .. seealso:: iterkeys() and itervalues().
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            yield cookie.name, cookie.value
+
+    def items(self):
+        """Dict-like items() that returns a list of name-value tuples from the
+        jar. Allows client-code to call ``dict(RequestsCookieJar)`` and get a
+        vanilla python dict of key value pairs.
+
+        .. seealso:: keys() and values().
+        """
+        return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    def list_domains(self):
+        """Utility method to list all the domains in the jar."""
+        domains = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.domain not in domains:
+                domains.append(cookie.domain)
+        return domains
+
+    def list_paths(self):
+        """Utility method to list all the paths in the jar."""
+        paths = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.path not in paths:
+                paths.append(cookie.path)
+        return paths
+
+    def multiple_domains(self):
+        """Returns True if there are multiple domains in the jar.
+        Returns False otherwise.
+
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        domains = []
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.domain is not None and cookie.domain in domains:
+                return True
+            domains.append(cookie.domain)
+        return False  # there is only one domain in jar
+
+    def get_dict(self, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Takes as an argument an optional domain and path and returns a plain
+        old Python dict of name-value pairs of cookies that meet the
+        requirements.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        dictionary = {}
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if (domain is None or cookie.domain == domain) and (
+                path is None or cookie.path == path
+            ):
+                dictionary[cookie.name] = cookie.value
+        return dictionary
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        try:
+            return super().__contains__(name)
+        except CookieConflictError:
+            return True
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        """Dict-like __getitem__() for compatibility with client code. Throws
+        exception if there are more than one cookie with name. In that case,
+        use the more explicit get() method instead.
+
+        .. warning:: operation is O(n), not O(1).
+        """
+        return self._find_no_duplicates(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
+        """Dict-like __setitem__ for compatibility with client code. Throws
+        exception if there is already a cookie of that name in the jar. In that
+        case, use the more explicit set() method instead.
+        """
+        self.set(name, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        """Deletes a cookie given a name. Wraps ``cookielib.CookieJar``'s
+        ``remove_cookie_by_name()``.
+        """
+        remove_cookie_by_name(self, name)
+
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie, *args, **kwargs):
+        if (
+            hasattr(cookie.value, "startswith")
+            and cookie.value.startswith('"')
+            and cookie.value.endswith('"')
+        ):
+            cookie.value = cookie.value.replace('\\"', "")
+        return super().set_cookie(cookie, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def update(self, other):
+        """Updates this jar with cookies from another CookieJar or dict-like"""
+        if isinstance(other, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            for cookie in other:
+                self.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
+        else:
+            super().update(other)
+
+    def _find(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Requests uses this method internally to get cookie values.
+
+        If there are conflicting cookies, _find arbitrarily chooses one.
+        See _find_no_duplicates if you want an exception thrown if there are
+        conflicting cookies.
+
+        :param name: a string containing name of cookie
+        :param domain: (optional) string containing domain of cookie
+        :param path: (optional) string containing path of cookie
+        :return: cookie.value
+        """
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        return cookie.value
+
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
+
+    def _find_no_duplicates(self, name, domain=None, path=None):
+        """Both ``__get_item__`` and ``get`` call this function: it's never
+        used elsewhere in Requests.
+
+        :param name: a string containing name of cookie
+        :param domain: (optional) string containing domain of cookie
+        :param path: (optional) string containing path of cookie
+        :raises KeyError: if cookie is not found
+        :raises CookieConflictError: if there are multiple cookies
+            that match name and optionally domain and path
+        :return: cookie.value
+        """
+        toReturn = None
+        for cookie in iter(self):
+            if cookie.name == name:
+                if domain is None or cookie.domain == domain:
+                    if path is None or cookie.path == path:
+                        if toReturn is not None:
+                            # if there are multiple cookies that meet passed in criteria
+                            raise CookieConflictError(
+                                f"There are multiple cookies with name, {name!r}"
+                            )
+                        # we will eventually return this as long as no cookie conflict
+                        toReturn = cookie.value
+
+        if toReturn:
+            return toReturn
+        raise KeyError(f"name={name!r}, domain={domain!r}, path={path!r}")
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        state = self.__dict__.copy()
+        # remove the unpickleable RLock object
+        state.pop("_cookies_lock")
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        """Unlike a normal CookieJar, this class is pickleable."""
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if "_cookies_lock" not in self.__dict__:
+            self._cookies_lock = threading.RLock()
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a copy of this RequestsCookieJar."""
+        new_cj = RequestsCookieJar()
+        new_cj.set_policy(self.get_policy())
+        new_cj.update(self)
+        return new_cj
+
+    def get_policy(self):
+        """Return the CookiePolicy instance used."""
+        return self._policy
+
+
+def _copy_cookie_jar(jar):
+    if jar is None:
+        return None
+
+    if hasattr(jar, "copy"):
+        # We're dealing with an instance of RequestsCookieJar
+        return jar.copy()
+    # We're dealing with a generic CookieJar instance
+    new_jar = copy.copy(jar)
+    new_jar.clear()
+    for cookie in jar:
+        new_jar.set_cookie(copy.copy(cookie))
+    return new_jar
+
+
+def create_cookie(name, value, **kwargs):
+    """Make a cookie from underspecified parameters.
+
+    By default, the pair of `name` and `value` will be set for the domain ''
+    and sent on every request (this is sometimes called a "supercookie").
+    """
+    result = {
+        "version": 0,
+        "name": name,
+        "value": value,
+        "port": None,
+        "domain": "",
+        "path": "/",
+        "secure": False,
+        "expires": None,
+        "discard": True,
+        "comment": None,
+        "comment_url": None,
+        "rest": {"HttpOnly": None},
+        "rfc2109": False,
+    }
+
+    badargs = set(kwargs) - set(result)
+    if badargs:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"create_cookie() got unexpected keyword arguments: {list(badargs)}"
+        )
+
+    result.update(kwargs)
+    result["port_specified"] = bool(result["port"])
+    result["domain_specified"] = bool(result["domain"])
+    result["domain_initial_dot"] = result["domain"].startswith(".")
+    result["path_specified"] = bool(result["path"])
+
+    return cookielib.Cookie(**result)
+
+
+def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
+    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""
+
+    expires = None
+    if morsel["max-age"]:
+        try:
+            expires = int(time.time() + int(morsel["max-age"]))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise TypeError(f"max-age: {morsel['max-age']} must be integer")
+    elif morsel["expires"]:
+        time_template = "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT"
+        expires = calendar.timegm(time.strptime(morsel["expires"], time_template))
+    return create_cookie(
+        comment=morsel["comment"],
+        comment_url=bool(morsel["comment"]),
+        discard=False,
+        domain=morsel["domain"],
+        expires=expires,
+        name=morsel.key,
+        path=morsel["path"],
+        port=None,
+        rest={"HttpOnly": morsel["httponly"]},
+        rfc2109=False,
+        secure=bool(morsel["secure"]),
+        value=morsel.value,
+        version=morsel["version"] or 0,
+    )
+
+
+def cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cookiejar=None, overwrite=True):
+    """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
+
+    :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
+    :param cookiejar: (optional) A cookiejar to add the cookies to.
+    :param overwrite: (optional) If False, will not replace cookies
+        already in the jar with new ones.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+    if cookiejar is None:
+        cookiejar = RequestsCookieJar()
+
+    if cookie_dict is not None:
+        names_from_jar = [cookie.name for cookie in cookiejar]
+        for name in cookie_dict:
+            if overwrite or (name not in names_from_jar):
+                cookiejar.set_cookie(create_cookie(name, cookie_dict[name]))
+
+    return cookiejar
+
+
+def merge_cookies(cookiejar, cookies):
+    """Add cookies to cookiejar and returns a merged CookieJar.
+
+    :param cookiejar: CookieJar object to add the cookies to.
+    :param cookies: Dictionary or CookieJar object to be added.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cookiejar, cookielib.CookieJar):
+        raise ValueError("You can only merge into CookieJar")
+
+    if isinstance(cookies, dict):
+        cookiejar = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies, cookiejar=cookiejar, overwrite=False)
+    elif isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+        try:
+            cookiejar.update(cookies)
+        except AttributeError:
+            for cookie_in_jar in cookies:
+                cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie_in_jar)
+
+    return cookiejar
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..168d073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+"""
+requests.exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
+"""
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
+
+from .compat import JSONDecodeError as CompatJSONDecodeError
+
+
+class RequestException(IOError):
+    """There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your
+    request.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize RequestException with `request` and `response` objects."""
+        response = kwargs.pop("response", None)
+        self.response = response
+        self.request = kwargs.pop("request", None)
+        if response is not None and not self.request and hasattr(response, "request"):
+            self.request = self.response.request
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class InvalidJSONError(RequestException):
+    """A JSON error occurred."""
+
+
+class JSONDecodeError(InvalidJSONError, CompatJSONDecodeError):
+    """Couldn't decode the text into json"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Construct the JSONDecodeError instance first with all
+        args. Then use it's args to construct the IOError so that
+        the json specific args aren't used as IOError specific args
+        and the error message from JSONDecodeError is preserved.
+        """
+        CompatJSONDecodeError.__init__(self, *args)
+        InvalidJSONError.__init__(self, *self.args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPError(RequestException):
+    """An HTTP error occurred."""
+
+
+class ConnectionError(RequestException):
+    """A Connection error occurred."""
+
+
+class ProxyError(ConnectionError):
+    """A proxy error occurred."""
+
+
+class SSLError(ConnectionError):
+    """An SSL error occurred."""
+
+
+class Timeout(RequestException):
+    """The request timed out.
+
+    Catching this error will catch both
+    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout` and
+    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout` errors.
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectTimeout(ConnectionError, Timeout):
+    """The request timed out while trying to connect to the remote server.
+
+    Requests that produced this error are safe to retry.
+    """
+
+
+class ReadTimeout(Timeout):
+    """The server did not send any data in the allotted amount of time."""
+
+
+class URLRequired(RequestException):
+    """A valid URL is required to make a request."""
+
+
+class TooManyRedirects(RequestException):
+    """Too many redirects."""
+
+
+class MissingSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL scheme (e.g. http or https) is missing."""
+
+
+class InvalidSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL scheme provided is either invalid or unsupported."""
+
+
+class InvalidURL(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The URL provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(RequestException, ValueError):
+    """The header value provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+
+class InvalidProxyURL(InvalidURL):
+    """The proxy URL provided is invalid."""
+
+
+class ChunkedEncodingError(RequestException):
+    """The server declared chunked encoding but sent an invalid chunk."""
+
+
+class ContentDecodingError(RequestException, BaseHTTPError):
+    """Failed to decode response content."""
+
+
+class StreamConsumedError(RequestException, TypeError):
+    """The content for this response was already consumed."""
+
+
+class RetryError(RequestException):
+    """Custom retries logic failed"""
+
+
+class UnrewindableBodyError(RequestException):
+    """Requests encountered an error when trying to rewind a body."""
+
+
+# Warnings
+
+
+class RequestsWarning(Warning):
+    """Base warning for Requests."""
+
+
+class FileModeWarning(RequestsWarning, DeprecationWarning):
+    """A file was opened in text mode, but Requests determined its binary length."""
+
+
+class RequestsDependencyWarning(RequestsWarning):
+    """An imported dependency doesn't match the expected version range."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d292c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/help.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""Module containing bug report helper(s)."""
+
+import json
+import platform
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+from pip._vendor import idna
+from pip._vendor import urllib3
+
+from . import __version__ as requests_version
+
+charset_normalizer = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor import chardet
+except ImportError:
+    chardet = None
+
+try:
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib import pyopenssl
+except ImportError:
+    pyopenssl = None
+    OpenSSL = None
+    cryptography = None
+else:
+    import cryptography
+    import OpenSSL
+
+
+def _implementation():
+    """Return a dict with the Python implementation and version.
+
+    Provide both the name and the version of the Python implementation
+    currently running. For example, on CPython 3.10.3 it will return
+    {'name': 'CPython', 'version': '3.10.3'}.
+
+    This function works best on CPython and PyPy: in particular, it probably
+    doesn't work for Jython or IronPython. Future investigation should be done
+    to work out the correct shape of the code for those platforms.
+    """
+    implementation = platform.python_implementation()
+
+    if implementation == "CPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()
+    elif implementation == "PyPy":
+        implementation_version = "{}.{}.{}".format(
+            sys.pypy_version_info.major,
+            sys.pypy_version_info.minor,
+            sys.pypy_version_info.micro,
+        )
+        if sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel != "final":
+            implementation_version = "".join(
+                [implementation_version, sys.pypy_version_info.releaselevel]
+            )
+    elif implementation == "Jython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    elif implementation == "IronPython":
+        implementation_version = platform.python_version()  # Complete Guess
+    else:
+        implementation_version = "Unknown"
+
+    return {"name": implementation, "version": implementation_version}
+
+
+def info():
+    """Generate information for a bug report."""
+    try:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": platform.system(),
+            "release": platform.release(),
+        }
+    except OSError:
+        platform_info = {
+            "system": "Unknown",
+            "release": "Unknown",
+        }
+
+    implementation_info = _implementation()
+    urllib3_info = {"version": urllib3.__version__}
+    charset_normalizer_info = {"version": None}
+    chardet_info = {"version": None}
+    if charset_normalizer:
+        charset_normalizer_info = {"version": charset_normalizer.__version__}
+    if chardet:
+        chardet_info = {"version": chardet.__version__}
+
+    pyopenssl_info = {
+        "version": None,
+        "openssl_version": "",
+    }
+    if OpenSSL:
+        pyopenssl_info = {
+            "version": OpenSSL.__version__,
+            "openssl_version": f"{OpenSSL.SSL.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER:x}",
+        }
+    cryptography_info = {
+        "version": getattr(cryptography, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+    idna_info = {
+        "version": getattr(idna, "__version__", ""),
+    }
+
+    system_ssl = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
+    system_ssl_info = {"version": f"{system_ssl:x}" if system_ssl is not None else ""}
+
+    return {
+        "platform": platform_info,
+        "implementation": implementation_info,
+        "system_ssl": system_ssl_info,
+        "using_pyopenssl": pyopenssl is not None,
+        "using_charset_normalizer": chardet is None,
+        "pyOpenSSL": pyopenssl_info,
+        "urllib3": urllib3_info,
+        "chardet": chardet_info,
+        "charset_normalizer": charset_normalizer_info,
+        "cryptography": cryptography_info,
+        "idna": idna_info,
+        "requests": {
+            "version": requests_version,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def main():
+    """Pretty-print the bug information as JSON."""
+    print(json.dumps(info(), sort_keys=True, indent=2))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d181ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/hooks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+requests.hooks
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides the capabilities for the Requests hooks system.
+
+Available hooks:
+
+``response``:
+    The response generated from a Request.
+"""
+HOOKS = ["response"]
+
+
+def default_hooks():
+    return {event: [] for event in HOOKS}
+
+
+# TODO: response is the only one
+
+
+def dispatch_hook(key, hooks, hook_data, **kwargs):
+    """Dispatches a hook dictionary on a given piece of data."""
+    hooks = hooks or {}
+    hooks = hooks.get(key)
+    if hooks:
+        if hasattr(hooks, "__call__"):
+            hooks = [hooks]
+        for hook in hooks:
+            _hook_data = hook(hook_data, **kwargs)
+            if _hook_data is not None:
+                hook_data = _hook_data
+    return hook_data
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76e6f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1034 @@
+"""
+requests.models
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module contains the primary objects that power Requests.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+# Import encoding now, to avoid implicit import later.
+# Implicit import within threads may cause LookupError when standard library is in a ZIP,
+# such as in Embedded Python. See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3578.
+import encodings.idna  # noqa: F401
+from io import UnsupportedOperation
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import (
+    DecodeError,
+    LocationParseError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.fields import RequestField
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import parse_url
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string, unicode_is_ascii
+from .auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+from .compat import (
+    Callable,
+    JSONDecodeError,
+    Mapping,
+    basestring,
+    builtin_str,
+    chardet,
+    cookielib,
+)
+from .compat import json as complexjson
+from .compat import urlencode, urlsplit, urlunparse
+from .cookies import _copy_cookie_jar, cookiejar_from_dict, get_cookie_header
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ConnectionError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    HTTPError,
+    InvalidJSONError,
+    InvalidURL,
+)
+from .exceptions import JSONDecodeError as RequestsJSONDecodeError
+from .exceptions import MissingSchema
+from .exceptions import SSLError as RequestsSSLError
+from .exceptions import StreamConsumedError
+from .hooks import default_hooks
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (
+    check_header_validity,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    guess_filename,
+    guess_json_utf,
+    iter_slices,
+    parse_header_links,
+    requote_uri,
+    stream_decode_response_unicode,
+    super_len,
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+#: The set of HTTP status codes that indicate an automatically
+#: processable redirect.
+REDIRECT_STATI = (
+    codes.moved,  # 301
+    codes.found,  # 302
+    codes.other,  # 303
+    codes.temporary_redirect,  # 307
+    codes.permanent_redirect,  # 308
+)
+
+DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT = 30
+CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE = 10 * 1024
+ITER_CHUNK_SIZE = 512
+
+
+class RequestEncodingMixin:
+    @property
+    def path_url(self):
+        """Build the path URL to use."""
+
+        url = []
+
+        p = urlsplit(self.url)
+
+        path = p.path
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        url.append(path)
+
+        query = p.query
+        if query:
+            url.append("?")
+            url.append(query)
+
+        return "".join(url)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_params(data):
+        """Encode parameters in a piece of data.
+
+        Will successfully encode parameters when passed as a dict or a list of
+        2-tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of 2-tuples but arbitrary
+        if parameters are supplied as a dict.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(data, (str, bytes)):
+            return data
+        elif hasattr(data, "read"):
+            return data
+        elif hasattr(data, "__iter__"):
+            result = []
+            for k, vs in to_key_val_list(data):
+                if isinstance(vs, basestring) or not hasattr(vs, "__iter__"):
+                    vs = [vs]
+                for v in vs:
+                    if v is not None:
+                        result.append(
+                            (
+                                k.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(k, str) else k,
+                                v.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+                            )
+                        )
+            return urlencode(result, doseq=True)
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_files(files, data):
+        """Build the body for a multipart/form-data request.
+
+        Will successfully encode files when passed as a dict or a list of
+        tuples. Order is retained if data is a list of tuples but arbitrary
+        if parameters are supplied as a dict.
+        The tuples may be 2-tuples (filename, fileobj), 3-tuples (filename, fileobj, contentype)
+        or 4-tuples (filename, fileobj, contentype, custom_headers).
+        """
+        if not files:
+            raise ValueError("Files must be provided.")
+        elif isinstance(data, basestring):
+            raise ValueError("Data must not be a string.")
+
+        new_fields = []
+        fields = to_key_val_list(data or {})
+        files = to_key_val_list(files or {})
+
+        for field, val in fields:
+            if isinstance(val, basestring) or not hasattr(val, "__iter__"):
+                val = [val]
+            for v in val:
+                if v is not None:
+                    # Don't call str() on bytestrings: in Py3 it all goes wrong.
+                    if not isinstance(v, bytes):
+                        v = str(v)
+
+                    new_fields.append(
+                        (
+                            field.decode("utf-8")
+                            if isinstance(field, bytes)
+                            else field,
+                            v.encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, str) else v,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+        for (k, v) in files:
+            # support for explicit filename
+            ft = None
+            fh = None
+            if isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
+                if len(v) == 2:
+                    fn, fp = v
+                elif len(v) == 3:
+                    fn, fp, ft = v
+                else:
+                    fn, fp, ft, fh = v
+            else:
+                fn = guess_filename(v) or k
+                fp = v
+
+            if isinstance(fp, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
+                fdata = fp
+            elif hasattr(fp, "read"):
+                fdata = fp.read()
+            elif fp is None:
+                continue
+            else:
+                fdata = fp
+
+            rf = RequestField(name=k, data=fdata, filename=fn, headers=fh)
+            rf.make_multipart(content_type=ft)
+            new_fields.append(rf)
+
+        body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(new_fields)
+
+        return body, content_type
+
+
+class RequestHooksMixin:
+    def register_hook(self, event, hook):
+        """Properly register a hook."""
+
+        if event not in self.hooks:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported event specified, with event name "{event}"')
+
+        if isinstance(hook, Callable):
+            self.hooks[event].append(hook)
+        elif hasattr(hook, "__iter__"):
+            self.hooks[event].extend(h for h in hook if isinstance(h, Callable))
+
+    def deregister_hook(self, event, hook):
+        """Deregister a previously registered hook.
+        Returns True if the hook existed, False if not.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            self.hooks[event].remove(hook)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+
+class Request(RequestHooksMixin):
+    """A user-created :class:`Request <Request>` object.
+
+    Used to prepare a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>`, which is sent to the server.
+
+    :param method: HTTP method to use.
+    :param url: URL to send.
+    :param headers: dictionary of headers to send.
+    :param files: dictionary of {filename: fileobject} files to multipart upload.
+    :param data: the body to attach to the request. If a dictionary or
+        list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` is provided, form-encoding will
+        take place.
+    :param json: json for the body to attach to the request (if files or data is not specified).
+    :param params: URL parameters to append to the URL. If a dictionary or
+        list of tuples ``[(key, value)]`` is provided, form-encoding will
+        take place.
+    :param auth: Auth handler or (user, pass) tuple.
+    :param cookies: dictionary or CookieJar of cookies to attach to this request.
+    :param hooks: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> req.prepare()
+      <PreparedRequest [GET]>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        headers=None,
+        files=None,
+        data=None,
+        params=None,
+        auth=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+
+        # Default empty dicts for dict params.
+        data = [] if data is None else data
+        files = [] if files is None else files
+        headers = {} if headers is None else headers
+        params = {} if params is None else params
+        hooks = {} if hooks is None else hooks
+
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        for (k, v) in list(hooks.items()):
+            self.register_hook(event=k, hook=v)
+
+        self.method = method
+        self.url = url
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.files = files
+        self.data = data
+        self.json = json
+        self.params = params
+        self.auth = auth
+        self.cookies = cookies
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Request [{self.method}]>"
+
+    def prepare(self):
+        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for transmission and returns it."""
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.prepare(
+            method=self.method,
+            url=self.url,
+            headers=self.headers,
+            files=self.files,
+            data=self.data,
+            json=self.json,
+            params=self.params,
+            auth=self.auth,
+            cookies=self.cookies,
+            hooks=self.hooks,
+        )
+        return p
+
+
+class PreparedRequest(RequestEncodingMixin, RequestHooksMixin):
+    """The fully mutable :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object,
+    containing the exact bytes that will be sent to the server.
+
+    Instances are generated from a :class:`Request <Request>` object, and
+    should not be instantiated manually; doing so may produce undesirable
+    effects.
+
+    Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> req = requests.Request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
+      >>> r = req.prepare()
+      >>> r
+      <PreparedRequest [GET]>
+
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> s.send(r)
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: HTTP verb to send to the server.
+        self.method = None
+        #: HTTP URL to send the request to.
+        self.url = None
+        #: dictionary of HTTP headers.
+        self.headers = None
+        # The `CookieJar` used to create the Cookie header will be stored here
+        # after prepare_cookies is called
+        self._cookies = None
+        #: request body to send to the server.
+        self.body = None
+        #: dictionary of callback hooks, for internal usage.
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+        #: integer denoting starting position of a readable file-like body.
+        self._body_position = None
+
+    def prepare(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        headers=None,
+        files=None,
+        data=None,
+        params=None,
+        auth=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        """Prepares the entire request with the given parameters."""
+
+        self.prepare_method(method)
+        self.prepare_url(url, params)
+        self.prepare_headers(headers)
+        self.prepare_cookies(cookies)
+        self.prepare_body(data, files, json)
+        self.prepare_auth(auth, url)
+
+        # Note that prepare_auth must be last to enable authentication schemes
+        # such as OAuth to work on a fully prepared request.
+
+        # This MUST go after prepare_auth. Authenticators could add a hook
+        self.prepare_hooks(hooks)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<PreparedRequest [{self.method}]>"
+
+    def copy(self):
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.method = self.method
+        p.url = self.url
+        p.headers = self.headers.copy() if self.headers is not None else None
+        p._cookies = _copy_cookie_jar(self._cookies)
+        p.body = self.body
+        p.hooks = self.hooks
+        p._body_position = self._body_position
+        return p
+
+    def prepare_method(self, method):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP method."""
+        self.method = method
+        if self.method is not None:
+            self.method = to_native_string(self.method.upper())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_idna_encoded_host(host):
+        from pip._vendor import idna
+
+        try:
+            host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True).decode("utf-8")
+        except idna.IDNAError:
+            raise UnicodeError
+        return host
+
+    def prepare_url(self, url, params):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP URL."""
+        #: Accept objects that have string representations.
+        #: We're unable to blindly call unicode/str functions
+        #: as this will include the bytestring indicator (b'')
+        #: on python 3.x.
+        #: https://github.com/psf/requests/pull/2238
+        if isinstance(url, bytes):
+            url = url.decode("utf8")
+        else:
+            url = str(url)
+
+        # Remove leading whitespaces from url
+        url = url.lstrip()
+
+        # Don't do any URL preparation for non-HTTP schemes like `mailto`,
+        # `data` etc to work around exceptions from `url_parse`, which
+        # handles RFC 3986 only.
+        if ":" in url and not url.lower().startswith("http"):
+            self.url = url
+            return
+
+        # Support for unicode domain names and paths.
+        try:
+            scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parse_url(url)
+        except LocationParseError as e:
+            raise InvalidURL(*e.args)
+
+        if not scheme:
+            raise MissingSchema(
+                f"Invalid URL {url!r}: No scheme supplied. "
+                f"Perhaps you meant https://{url}?"
+            )
+
+        if not host:
+            raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid URL {url!r}: No host supplied")
+
+        # In general, we want to try IDNA encoding the hostname if the string contains
+        # non-ASCII characters. This allows users to automatically get the correct IDNA
+        # behaviour. For strings containing only ASCII characters, we need to also verify
+        # it doesn't start with a wildcard (*), before allowing the unencoded hostname.
+        if not unicode_is_ascii(host):
+            try:
+                host = self._get_idna_encoded_host(host)
+            except UnicodeError:
+                raise InvalidURL("URL has an invalid label.")
+        elif host.startswith(("*", ".")):
+            raise InvalidURL("URL has an invalid label.")
+
+        # Carefully reconstruct the network location
+        netloc = auth or ""
+        if netloc:
+            netloc += "@"
+        netloc += host
+        if port:
+            netloc += f":{port}"
+
+        # Bare domains aren't valid URLs.
+        if not path:
+            path = "/"
+
+        if isinstance(params, (str, bytes)):
+            params = to_native_string(params)
+
+        enc_params = self._encode_params(params)
+        if enc_params:
+            if query:
+                query = f"{query}&{enc_params}"
+            else:
+                query = enc_params
+
+        url = requote_uri(urlunparse([scheme, netloc, path, None, query, fragment]))
+        self.url = url
+
+    def prepare_headers(self, headers):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP headers."""
+
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+        if headers:
+            for header in headers.items():
+                # Raise exception on invalid header value.
+                check_header_validity(header)
+                name, value = header
+                self.headers[to_native_string(name)] = value
+
+    def prepare_body(self, data, files, json=None):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP body data."""
+
+        # Check if file, fo, generator, iterator.
+        # If not, run through normal process.
+
+        # Nottin' on you.
+        body = None
+        content_type = None
+
+        if not data and json is not None:
+            # urllib3 requires a bytes-like body. Python 2's json.dumps
+            # provides this natively, but Python 3 gives a Unicode string.
+            content_type = "application/json"
+
+            try:
+                body = complexjson.dumps(json, allow_nan=False)
+            except ValueError as ve:
+                raise InvalidJSONError(ve, request=self)
+
+            if not isinstance(body, bytes):
+                body = body.encode("utf-8")
+
+        is_stream = all(
+            [
+                hasattr(data, "__iter__"),
+                not isinstance(data, (basestring, list, tuple, Mapping)),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        if is_stream:
+            try:
+                length = super_len(data)
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError, UnsupportedOperation):
+                length = None
+
+            body = data
+
+            if getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
+                # Record the current file position before reading.
+                # This will allow us to rewind a file in the event
+                # of a redirect.
+                try:
+                    self._body_position = body.tell()
+                except OSError:
+                    # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
+                    # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body
+                    self._body_position = object()
+
+            if files:
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    "Streamed bodies and files are mutually exclusive."
+                )
+
+            if length:
+                self.headers["Content-Length"] = builtin_str(length)
+            else:
+                self.headers["Transfer-Encoding"] = "chunked"
+        else:
+            # Multi-part file uploads.
+            if files:
+                (body, content_type) = self._encode_files(files, data)
+            else:
+                if data:
+                    body = self._encode_params(data)
+                    if isinstance(data, basestring) or hasattr(data, "read"):
+                        content_type = None
+                    else:
+                        content_type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+            self.prepare_content_length(body)
+
+            # Add content-type if it wasn't explicitly provided.
+            if content_type and ("content-type" not in self.headers):
+                self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+
+        self.body = body
+
+    def prepare_content_length(self, body):
+        """Prepare Content-Length header based on request method and body"""
+        if body is not None:
+            length = super_len(body)
+            if length:
+                # If length exists, set it. Otherwise, we fallback
+                # to Transfer-Encoding: chunked.
+                self.headers["Content-Length"] = builtin_str(length)
+        elif (
+            self.method not in ("GET", "HEAD")
+            and self.headers.get("Content-Length") is None
+        ):
+            # Set Content-Length to 0 for methods that can have a body
+            # but don't provide one. (i.e. not GET or HEAD)
+            self.headers["Content-Length"] = "0"
+
+    def prepare_auth(self, auth, url=""):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP auth data."""
+
+        # If no Auth is explicitly provided, extract it from the URL first.
+        if auth is None:
+            url_auth = get_auth_from_url(self.url)
+            auth = url_auth if any(url_auth) else None
+
+        if auth:
+            if isinstance(auth, tuple) and len(auth) == 2:
+                # special-case basic HTTP auth
+                auth = HTTPBasicAuth(*auth)
+
+            # Allow auth to make its changes.
+            r = auth(self)
+
+            # Update self to reflect the auth changes.
+            self.__dict__.update(r.__dict__)
+
+            # Recompute Content-Length
+            self.prepare_content_length(self.body)
+
+    def prepare_cookies(self, cookies):
+        """Prepares the given HTTP cookie data.
+
+        This function eventually generates a ``Cookie`` header from the
+        given cookies using cookielib. Due to cookielib's design, the header
+        will not be regenerated if it already exists, meaning this function
+        can only be called once for the life of the
+        :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object. Any subsequent calls
+        to ``prepare_cookies`` will have no actual effect, unless the "Cookie"
+        header is removed beforehand.
+        """
+        if isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            self._cookies = cookies
+        else:
+            self._cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
+
+        cookie_header = get_cookie_header(self._cookies, self)
+        if cookie_header is not None:
+            self.headers["Cookie"] = cookie_header
+
+    def prepare_hooks(self, hooks):
+        """Prepares the given hooks."""
+        # hooks can be passed as None to the prepare method and to this
+        # method. To prevent iterating over None, simply use an empty list
+        # if hooks is False-y
+        hooks = hooks or []
+        for event in hooks:
+            self.register_hook(event, hooks[event])
+
+
+class Response:
+    """The :class:`Response <Response>` object, which contains a
+    server's response to an HTTP request.
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "_content",
+        "status_code",
+        "headers",
+        "url",
+        "history",
+        "encoding",
+        "reason",
+        "cookies",
+        "elapsed",
+        "request",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._content = False
+        self._content_consumed = False
+        self._next = None
+
+        #: Integer Code of responded HTTP Status, e.g. 404 or 200.
+        self.status_code = None
+
+        #: Case-insensitive Dictionary of Response Headers.
+        #: For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
+        #: value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header.
+        self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+
+        #: File-like object representation of response (for advanced usage).
+        #: Use of ``raw`` requires that ``stream=True`` be set on the request.
+        #: This requirement does not apply for use internally to Requests.
+        self.raw = None
+
+        #: Final URL location of Response.
+        self.url = None
+
+        #: Encoding to decode with when accessing r.text.
+        self.encoding = None
+
+        #: A list of :class:`Response <Response>` objects from
+        #: the history of the Request. Any redirect responses will end
+        #: up here. The list is sorted from the oldest to the most recent request.
+        self.history = []
+
+        #: Textual reason of responded HTTP Status, e.g. "Not Found" or "OK".
+        self.reason = None
+
+        #: A CookieJar of Cookies the server sent back.
+        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+
+        #: The amount of time elapsed between sending the request
+        #: and the arrival of the response (as a timedelta).
+        #: This property specifically measures the time taken between sending
+        #: the first byte of the request and finishing parsing the headers. It
+        #: is therefore unaffected by consuming the response content or the
+        #: value of the ``stream`` keyword argument.
+        self.elapsed = datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+        #: The :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` object to which this
+        #: is a response.
+        self.request = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        # Consume everything; accessing the content attribute makes
+        # sure the content has been fully read.
+        if not self._content_consumed:
+            self.content
+
+        return {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        # pickled objects do not have .raw
+        setattr(self, "_content_consumed", True)
+        setattr(self, "raw", None)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Response [{self.status_code}]>"
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code, is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        return self.ok
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code, is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        return self.ok
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Allows you to use a response as an iterator."""
+        return self.iter_content(128)
+
+    @property
+    def ok(self):
+        """Returns True if :attr:`status_code` is less than 400, False if not.
+
+        This attribute checks if the status code of the response is between
+        400 and 600 to see if there was a client error or a server error. If
+        the status code is between 200 and 400, this will return True. This
+        is **not** a check to see if the response code is ``200 OK``.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.raise_for_status()
+        except HTTPError:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def is_redirect(self):
+        """True if this Response is a well-formed HTTP redirect that could have
+        been processed automatically (by :meth:`Session.resolve_redirects`).
+        """
+        return "location" in self.headers and self.status_code in REDIRECT_STATI
+
+    @property
+    def is_permanent_redirect(self):
+        """True if this Response one of the permanent versions of redirect."""
+        return "location" in self.headers and self.status_code in (
+            codes.moved_permanently,
+            codes.permanent_redirect,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def next(self):
+        """Returns a PreparedRequest for the next request in a redirect chain, if there is one."""
+        return self._next
+
+    @property
+    def apparent_encoding(self):
+        """The apparent encoding, provided by the charset_normalizer or chardet libraries."""
+        return chardet.detect(self.content)["encoding"]
+
+    def iter_content(self, chunk_size=1, decode_unicode=False):
+        """Iterates over the response data.  When stream=True is set on the
+        request, this avoids reading the content at once into memory for
+        large responses.  The chunk size is the number of bytes it should
+        read into memory.  This is not necessarily the length of each item
+        returned as decoding can take place.
+
+        chunk_size must be of type int or None. A value of None will
+        function differently depending on the value of `stream`.
+        stream=True will read data as it arrives in whatever size the
+        chunks are received. If stream=False, data is returned as
+        a single chunk.
+
+        If decode_unicode is True, content will be decoded using the best
+        available encoding based on the response.
+        """
+
+        def generate():
+            # Special case for urllib3.
+            if hasattr(self.raw, "stream"):
+                try:
+                    yield from self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True)
+                except ProtocolError as e:
+                    raise ChunkedEncodingError(e)
+                except DecodeError as e:
+                    raise ContentDecodingError(e)
+                except ReadTimeoutError as e:
+                    raise ConnectionError(e)
+                except SSLError as e:
+                    raise RequestsSSLError(e)
+            else:
+                # Standard file-like object.
+                while True:
+                    chunk = self.raw.read(chunk_size)
+                    if not chunk:
+                        break
+                    yield chunk
+
+            self._content_consumed = True
+
+        if self._content_consumed and isinstance(self._content, bool):
+            raise StreamConsumedError()
+        elif chunk_size is not None and not isinstance(chunk_size, int):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"chunk_size must be an int, it is instead a {type(chunk_size)}."
+            )
+        # simulate reading small chunks of the content
+        reused_chunks = iter_slices(self._content, chunk_size)
+
+        stream_chunks = generate()
+
+        chunks = reused_chunks if self._content_consumed else stream_chunks
+
+        if decode_unicode:
+            chunks = stream_decode_response_unicode(chunks, self)
+
+        return chunks
+
+    def iter_lines(
+        self, chunk_size=ITER_CHUNK_SIZE, decode_unicode=False, delimiter=None
+    ):
+        """Iterates over the response data, one line at a time.  When
+        stream=True is set on the request, this avoids reading the
+        content at once into memory for large responses.
+
+        .. note:: This method is not reentrant safe.
+        """
+
+        pending = None
+
+        for chunk in self.iter_content(
+            chunk_size=chunk_size, decode_unicode=decode_unicode
+        ):
+
+            if pending is not None:
+                chunk = pending + chunk
+
+            if delimiter:
+                lines = chunk.split(delimiter)
+            else:
+                lines = chunk.splitlines()
+
+            if lines and lines[-1] and chunk and lines[-1][-1] == chunk[-1]:
+                pending = lines.pop()
+            else:
+                pending = None
+
+            yield from lines
+
+        if pending is not None:
+            yield pending
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        """Content of the response, in bytes."""
+
+        if self._content is False:
+            # Read the contents.
+            if self._content_consumed:
+                raise RuntimeError("The content for this response was already consumed")
+
+            if self.status_code == 0 or self.raw is None:
+                self._content = None
+            else:
+                self._content = b"".join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or b""
+
+        self._content_consumed = True
+        # don't need to release the connection; that's been handled by urllib3
+        # since we exhausted the data.
+        return self._content
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        """Content of the response, in unicode.
+
+        If Response.encoding is None, encoding will be guessed using
+        ``charset_normalizer`` or ``chardet``.
+
+        The encoding of the response content is determined based solely on HTTP
+        headers, following RFC 2616 to the letter. If you can take advantage of
+        non-HTTP knowledge to make a better guess at the encoding, you should
+        set ``r.encoding`` appropriately before accessing this property.
+        """
+
+        # Try charset from content-type
+        content = None
+        encoding = self.encoding
+
+        if not self.content:
+            return ""
+
+        # Fallback to auto-detected encoding.
+        if self.encoding is None:
+            encoding = self.apparent_encoding
+
+        # Decode unicode from given encoding.
+        try:
+            content = str(self.content, encoding, errors="replace")
+        except (LookupError, TypeError):
+            # A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could
+            # indicate a misspelling or similar mistake.
+            #
+            # A TypeError can be raised if encoding is None
+            #
+            # So we try blindly encoding.
+            content = str(self.content, errors="replace")
+
+        return content
+
+    def json(self, **kwargs):
+        r"""Returns the json-encoded content of a response, if any.
+
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``json.loads`` takes.
+        :raises requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError: If the response body does not
+            contain valid json.
+        """
+
+        if not self.encoding and self.content and len(self.content) > 3:
+            # No encoding set. JSON RFC 4627 section 3 states we should expect
+            # UTF-8, -16 or -32. Detect which one to use; If the detection or
+            # decoding fails, fall back to `self.text` (using charset_normalizer to make
+            # a best guess).
+            encoding = guess_json_utf(self.content)
+            if encoding is not None:
+                try:
+                    return complexjson.loads(self.content.decode(encoding), **kwargs)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # Wrong UTF codec detected; usually because it's not UTF-8
+                    # but some other 8-bit codec.  This is an RFC violation,
+                    # and the server didn't bother to tell us what codec *was*
+                    # used.
+                    pass
+                except JSONDecodeError as e:
+                    raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
+
+        try:
+            return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
+        except JSONDecodeError as e:
+            # Catch JSON-related errors and raise as requests.JSONDecodeError
+            # This aliases json.JSONDecodeError and simplejson.JSONDecodeError
+            raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
+
+    @property
+    def links(self):
+        """Returns the parsed header links of the response, if any."""
+
+        header = self.headers.get("link")
+
+        resolved_links = {}
+
+        if header:
+            links = parse_header_links(header)
+
+            for link in links:
+                key = link.get("rel") or link.get("url")
+                resolved_links[key] = link
+
+        return resolved_links
+
+    def raise_for_status(self):
+        """Raises :class:`HTTPError`, if one occurred."""
+
+        http_error_msg = ""
+        if isinstance(self.reason, bytes):
+            # We attempt to decode utf-8 first because some servers
+            # choose to localize their reason strings. If the string
+            # isn't utf-8, we fall back to iso-8859-1 for all other
+            # encodings. (See PR #3538)
+            try:
+                reason = self.reason.decode("utf-8")
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                reason = self.reason.decode("iso-8859-1")
+        else:
+            reason = self.reason
+
+        if 400 <= self.status_code < 500:
+            http_error_msg = (
+                f"{self.status_code} Client Error: {reason} for url: {self.url}"
+            )
+
+        elif 500 <= self.status_code < 600:
+            http_error_msg = (
+                f"{self.status_code} Server Error: {reason} for url: {self.url}"
+            )
+
+        if http_error_msg:
+            raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Releases the connection back to the pool. Once this method has been
+        called the underlying ``raw`` object must not be accessed again.
+
+        *Note: Should not normally need to be called explicitly.*
+        """
+        if not self._content_consumed:
+            self.raw.close()
+
+        release_conn = getattr(self.raw, "release_conn", None)
+        if release_conn is not None:
+            release_conn()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9582fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import sys
+
+# This code exists for backwards compatibility reasons.
+# I don't like it either. Just look the other way. :)
+
+for package in ('urllib3', 'idna', 'chardet'):
+    vendored_package = "pip._vendor." + package
+    locals()[package] = __import__(vendored_package)
+    # This traversal is apparently necessary such that the identities are
+    # preserved (requests.packages.urllib3.* is urllib3.*)
+    for mod in list(sys.modules):
+        if mod == vendored_package or mod.startswith(vendored_package + '.'):
+            unprefixed_mod = mod[len("pip._vendor."):]
+            sys.modules['pip._vendor.requests.packages.' + unprefixed_mod] = sys.modules[mod]
+
+# Kinda cool, though, right?
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbcf2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,833 @@
+"""
+requests.sessions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides a Session object to manage and persist settings across
+requests (cookies, auth, proxies).
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+from ._internal_utils import to_native_string
+from .adapters import HTTPAdapter
+from .auth import _basic_auth_str
+from .compat import Mapping, cookielib, urljoin, urlparse
+from .cookies import (
+    RequestsCookieJar,
+    cookiejar_from_dict,
+    extract_cookies_to_jar,
+    merge_cookies,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ChunkedEncodingError,
+    ContentDecodingError,
+    InvalidSchema,
+    TooManyRedirects,
+)
+from .hooks import default_hooks, dispatch_hook
+
+# formerly defined here, reexposed here for backward compatibility
+from .models import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT,
+    REDIRECT_STATI,
+    PreparedRequest,
+    Request,
+)
+from .status_codes import codes
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+from .utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    DEFAULT_PORTS,
+    default_headers,
+    get_auth_from_url,
+    get_environ_proxies,
+    get_netrc_auth,
+    requote_uri,
+    resolve_proxies,
+    rewind_body,
+    should_bypass_proxies,
+    to_key_val_list,
+)
+
+# Preferred clock, based on which one is more accurate on a given system.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    preferred_clock = time.perf_counter
+else:
+    preferred_clock = time.time
+
+
+def merge_setting(request_setting, session_setting, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+    """Determines appropriate setting for a given request, taking into account
+    the explicit setting on that request, and the setting in the session. If a
+    setting is a dictionary, they will be merged together using `dict_class`
+    """
+
+    if session_setting is None:
+        return request_setting
+
+    if request_setting is None:
+        return session_setting
+
+    # Bypass if not a dictionary (e.g. verify)
+    if not (
+        isinstance(session_setting, Mapping) and isinstance(request_setting, Mapping)
+    ):
+        return request_setting
+
+    merged_setting = dict_class(to_key_val_list(session_setting))
+    merged_setting.update(to_key_val_list(request_setting))
+
+    # Remove keys that are set to None. Extract keys first to avoid altering
+    # the dictionary during iteration.
+    none_keys = [k for (k, v) in merged_setting.items() if v is None]
+    for key in none_keys:
+        del merged_setting[key]
+
+    return merged_setting
+
+
+def merge_hooks(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class=OrderedDict):
+    """Properly merges both requests and session hooks.
+
+    This is necessary because when request_hooks == {'response': []}, the
+    merge breaks Session hooks entirely.
+    """
+    if session_hooks is None or session_hooks.get("response") == []:
+        return request_hooks
+
+    if request_hooks is None or request_hooks.get("response") == []:
+        return session_hooks
+
+    return merge_setting(request_hooks, session_hooks, dict_class)
+
+
+class SessionRedirectMixin:
+    def get_redirect_target(self, resp):
+        """Receives a Response. Returns a redirect URI or ``None``"""
+        # Due to the nature of how requests processes redirects this method will
+        # be called at least once upon the original response and at least twice
+        # on each subsequent redirect response (if any).
+        # If a custom mixin is used to handle this logic, it may be advantageous
+        # to cache the redirect location onto the response object as a private
+        # attribute.
+        if resp.is_redirect:
+            location = resp.headers["location"]
+            # Currently the underlying http module on py3 decode headers
+            # in latin1, but empirical evidence suggests that latin1 is very
+            # rarely used with non-ASCII characters in HTTP headers.
+            # It is more likely to get UTF8 header rather than latin1.
+            # This causes incorrect handling of UTF8 encoded location headers.
+            # To solve this, we re-encode the location in latin1.
+            location = location.encode("latin1")
+            return to_native_string(location, "utf8")
+        return None
+
+    def should_strip_auth(self, old_url, new_url):
+        """Decide whether Authorization header should be removed when redirecting"""
+        old_parsed = urlparse(old_url)
+        new_parsed = urlparse(new_url)
+        if old_parsed.hostname != new_parsed.hostname:
+            return True
+        # Special case: allow http -> https redirect when using the standard
+        # ports. This isn't specified by RFC 7235, but is kept to avoid
+        # breaking backwards compatibility with older versions of requests
+        # that allowed any redirects on the same host.
+        if (
+            old_parsed.scheme == "http"
+            and old_parsed.port in (80, None)
+            and new_parsed.scheme == "https"
+            and new_parsed.port in (443, None)
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        # Handle default port usage corresponding to scheme.
+        changed_port = old_parsed.port != new_parsed.port
+        changed_scheme = old_parsed.scheme != new_parsed.scheme
+        default_port = (DEFAULT_PORTS.get(old_parsed.scheme, None), None)
+        if (
+            not changed_scheme
+            and old_parsed.port in default_port
+            and new_parsed.port in default_port
+        ):
+            return False
+
+        # Standard case: root URI must match
+        return changed_port or changed_scheme
+
+    def resolve_redirects(
+        self,
+        resp,
+        req,
+        stream=False,
+        timeout=None,
+        verify=True,
+        cert=None,
+        proxies=None,
+        yield_requests=False,
+        **adapter_kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Receives a Response. Returns a generator of Responses or Requests."""
+
+        hist = []  # keep track of history
+
+        url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
+        previous_fragment = urlparse(req.url).fragment
+        while url:
+            prepared_request = req.copy()
+
+            # Update history and keep track of redirects.
+            # resp.history must ignore the original request in this loop
+            hist.append(resp)
+            resp.history = hist[1:]
+
+            try:
+                resp.content  # Consume socket so it can be released
+            except (ChunkedEncodingError, ContentDecodingError, RuntimeError):
+                resp.raw.read(decode_content=False)
+
+            if len(resp.history) >= self.max_redirects:
+                raise TooManyRedirects(
+                    f"Exceeded {self.max_redirects} redirects.", response=resp
+                )
+
+            # Release the connection back into the pool.
+            resp.close()
+
+            # Handle redirection without scheme (see: RFC 1808 Section 4)
+            if url.startswith("//"):
+                parsed_rurl = urlparse(resp.url)
+                url = ":".join([to_native_string(parsed_rurl.scheme), url])
+
+            # Normalize url case and attach previous fragment if needed (RFC 7231 7.1.2)
+            parsed = urlparse(url)
+            if parsed.fragment == "" and previous_fragment:
+                parsed = parsed._replace(fragment=previous_fragment)
+            elif parsed.fragment:
+                previous_fragment = parsed.fragment
+            url = parsed.geturl()
+
+            # Facilitate relative 'location' headers, as allowed by RFC 7231.
+            # (e.g. '/path/to/resource' instead of 'http://domain.tld/path/to/resource')
+            # Compliant with RFC3986, we percent encode the url.
+            if not parsed.netloc:
+                url = urljoin(resp.url, requote_uri(url))
+            else:
+                url = requote_uri(url)
+
+            prepared_request.url = to_native_string(url)
+
+            self.rebuild_method(prepared_request, resp)
+
+            # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1084
+            if resp.status_code not in (
+                codes.temporary_redirect,
+                codes.permanent_redirect,
+            ):
+                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/3490
+                purged_headers = ("Content-Length", "Content-Type", "Transfer-Encoding")
+                for header in purged_headers:
+                    prepared_request.headers.pop(header, None)
+                prepared_request.body = None
+
+            headers = prepared_request.headers
+            headers.pop("Cookie", None)
+
+            # Extract any cookies sent on the response to the cookiejar
+            # in the new request. Because we've mutated our copied prepared
+            # request, use the old one that we haven't yet touched.
+            extract_cookies_to_jar(prepared_request._cookies, req, resp.raw)
+            merge_cookies(prepared_request._cookies, self.cookies)
+            prepared_request.prepare_cookies(prepared_request._cookies)
+
+            # Rebuild auth and proxy information.
+            proxies = self.rebuild_proxies(prepared_request, proxies)
+            self.rebuild_auth(prepared_request, resp)
+
+            # A failed tell() sets `_body_position` to `object()`. This non-None
+            # value ensures `rewindable` will be True, allowing us to raise an
+            # UnrewindableBodyError, instead of hanging the connection.
+            rewindable = prepared_request._body_position is not None and (
+                "Content-Length" in headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in headers
+            )
+
+            # Attempt to rewind consumed file-like object.
+            if rewindable:
+                rewind_body(prepared_request)
+
+            # Override the original request.
+            req = prepared_request
+
+            if yield_requests:
+                yield req
+            else:
+
+                resp = self.send(
+                    req,
+                    stream=stream,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    verify=verify,
+                    cert=cert,
+                    proxies=proxies,
+                    allow_redirects=False,
+                    **adapter_kwargs,
+                )
+
+                extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, prepared_request, resp.raw)
+
+                # extract redirect url, if any, for the next loop
+                url = self.get_redirect_target(resp)
+                yield resp
+
+    def rebuild_auth(self, prepared_request, response):
+        """When being redirected we may want to strip authentication from the
+        request to avoid leaking credentials. This method intelligently removes
+        and reapplies authentication where possible to avoid credential loss.
+        """
+        headers = prepared_request.headers
+        url = prepared_request.url
+
+        if "Authorization" in headers and self.should_strip_auth(
+            response.request.url, url
+        ):
+            # If we get redirected to a new host, we should strip out any
+            # authentication headers.
+            del headers["Authorization"]
+
+        # .netrc might have more auth for us on our new host.
+        new_auth = get_netrc_auth(url) if self.trust_env else None
+        if new_auth is not None:
+            prepared_request.prepare_auth(new_auth)
+
+    def rebuild_proxies(self, prepared_request, proxies):
+        """This method re-evaluates the proxy configuration by considering the
+        environment variables. If we are redirected to a URL covered by
+        NO_PROXY, we strip the proxy configuration. Otherwise, we set missing
+        proxy keys for this URL (in case they were stripped by a previous
+        redirect).
+
+        This method also replaces the Proxy-Authorization header where
+        necessary.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        headers = prepared_request.headers
+        scheme = urlparse(prepared_request.url).scheme
+        new_proxies = resolve_proxies(prepared_request, proxies, self.trust_env)
+
+        if "Proxy-Authorization" in headers:
+            del headers["Proxy-Authorization"]
+
+        try:
+            username, password = get_auth_from_url(new_proxies[scheme])
+        except KeyError:
+            username, password = None, None
+
+        # urllib3 handles proxy authorization for us in the standard adapter.
+        # Avoid appending this to TLS tunneled requests where it may be leaked.
+        if not scheme.startswith('https') and username and password:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = _basic_auth_str(username, password)
+
+        return new_proxies
+
+    def rebuild_method(self, prepared_request, response):
+        """When being redirected we may want to change the method of the request
+        based on certain specs or browser behavior.
+        """
+        method = prepared_request.method
+
+        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+        if response.status_code == codes.see_other and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Do what the browsers do, despite standards...
+        # First, turn 302s into GETs.
+        if response.status_code == codes.found and method != "HEAD":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        # Second, if a POST is responded to with a 301, turn it into a GET.
+        # This bizarre behaviour is explained in Issue 1704.
+        if response.status_code == codes.moved and method == "POST":
+            method = "GET"
+
+        prepared_request.method = method
+
+
+class Session(SessionRedirectMixin):
+    """A Requests session.
+
+    Provides cookie persistence, connection-pooling, and configuration.
+
+    Basic Usage::
+
+      >>> import requests
+      >>> s = requests.Session()
+      >>> s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
+      <Response [200]>
+
+    Or as a context manager::
+
+      >>> with requests.Session() as s:
+      ...     s.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
+      <Response [200]>
+    """
+
+    __attrs__ = [
+        "headers",
+        "cookies",
+        "auth",
+        "proxies",
+        "hooks",
+        "params",
+        "verify",
+        "cert",
+        "adapters",
+        "stream",
+        "trust_env",
+        "max_redirects",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self):
+
+        #: A case-insensitive dictionary of headers to be sent on each
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>` sent from this
+        #: :class:`Session <Session>`.
+        self.headers = default_headers()
+
+        #: Default Authentication tuple or object to attach to
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>`.
+        self.auth = None
+
+        #: Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and host to the URL of the proxy
+        #: (e.g. {'http': 'foo.bar:3128', 'http://host.name': 'foo.bar:4012'}) to
+        #: be used on each :class:`Request <Request>`.
+        self.proxies = {}
+
+        #: Event-handling hooks.
+        self.hooks = default_hooks()
+
+        #: Dictionary of querystring data to attach to each
+        #: :class:`Request <Request>`. The dictionary values may be lists for
+        #: representing multivalued query parameters.
+        self.params = {}
+
+        #: Stream response content default.
+        self.stream = False
+
+        #: SSL Verification default.
+        #: Defaults to `True`, requiring requests to verify the TLS certificate at the
+        #: remote end.
+        #: If verify is set to `False`, requests will accept any TLS certificate
+        #: presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or
+        #: expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+        #: man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks.
+        #: Only set this to `False` for testing.
+        self.verify = True
+
+        #: SSL client certificate default, if String, path to ssl client
+        #: cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+        self.cert = None
+
+        #: Maximum number of redirects allowed. If the request exceeds this
+        #: limit, a :class:`TooManyRedirects` exception is raised.
+        #: This defaults to requests.models.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT, which is
+        #: 30.
+        self.max_redirects = DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT
+
+        #: Trust environment settings for proxy configuration, default
+        #: authentication and similar.
+        self.trust_env = True
+
+        #: A CookieJar containing all currently outstanding cookies set on this
+        #: session. By default it is a
+        #: :class:`RequestsCookieJar <requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar>`, but
+        #: may be any other ``cookielib.CookieJar`` compatible object.
+        self.cookies = cookiejar_from_dict({})
+
+        # Default connection adapters.
+        self.adapters = OrderedDict()
+        self.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter())
+        self.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter())
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def prepare_request(self, request):
+        """Constructs a :class:`PreparedRequest <PreparedRequest>` for
+        transmission and returns it. The :class:`PreparedRequest` has settings
+        merged from the :class:`Request <Request>` instance and those of the
+        :class:`Session`.
+
+        :param request: :class:`Request` instance to prepare with this
+            session's settings.
+        :rtype: requests.PreparedRequest
+        """
+        cookies = request.cookies or {}
+
+        # Bootstrap CookieJar.
+        if not isinstance(cookies, cookielib.CookieJar):
+            cookies = cookiejar_from_dict(cookies)
+
+        # Merge with session cookies
+        merged_cookies = merge_cookies(
+            merge_cookies(RequestsCookieJar(), self.cookies), cookies
+        )
+
+        # Set environment's basic authentication if not explicitly set.
+        auth = request.auth
+        if self.trust_env and not auth and not self.auth:
+            auth = get_netrc_auth(request.url)
+
+        p = PreparedRequest()
+        p.prepare(
+            method=request.method.upper(),
+            url=request.url,
+            files=request.files,
+            data=request.data,
+            json=request.json,
+            headers=merge_setting(
+                request.headers, self.headers, dict_class=CaseInsensitiveDict
+            ),
+            params=merge_setting(request.params, self.params),
+            auth=merge_setting(auth, self.auth),
+            cookies=merged_cookies,
+            hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
+        )
+        return p
+
+    def request(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        params=None,
+        data=None,
+        headers=None,
+        cookies=None,
+        files=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=None,
+        allow_redirects=True,
+        proxies=None,
+        hooks=None,
+        stream=None,
+        verify=None,
+        cert=None,
+        json=None,
+    ):
+        """Constructs a :class:`Request <Request>`, prepares it and sends it.
+        Returns :class:`Response <Response>` object.
+
+        :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query
+            string for the :class:`Request`.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the
+            :class:`Request`.
+        :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'filename': file-like-objects``
+            for multipart encoding upload.
+        :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple or callable to enable
+            Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
+        :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send
+            data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout,
+            read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
+        :type timeout: float or tuple
+        :param allow_redirects: (optional) Set to True by default.
+        :type allow_redirects: bool
+        :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol or protocol and
+            hostname to the URL of the proxy.
+        :param stream: (optional) whether to immediately download the response
+            content. Defaults to ``False``.
+        :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
+            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
+            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``. When set to
+            ``False``, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by
+            the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired
+            certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to
+            man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to ``False``
+            may be useful during local development or testing.
+        :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem).
+            If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        # Create the Request.
+        req = Request(
+            method=method.upper(),
+            url=url,
+            headers=headers,
+            files=files,
+            data=data or {},
+            json=json,
+            params=params or {},
+            auth=auth,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            hooks=hooks,
+        )
+        prep = self.prepare_request(req)
+
+        proxies = proxies or {}
+
+        settings = self.merge_environment_settings(
+            prep.url, proxies, stream, verify, cert
+        )
+
+        # Send the request.
+        send_kwargs = {
+            "timeout": timeout,
+            "allow_redirects": allow_redirects,
+        }
+        send_kwargs.update(settings)
+        resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
+
+        return resp
+
+    def get(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a GET request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def options(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a OPTIONS request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", True)
+        return self.request("OPTIONS", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a HEAD request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
+        return self.request("HEAD", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def post(self, url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a POST request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param json: (optional) json to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("POST", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
+
+    def put(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a PUT request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("PUT", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+    def patch(self, url, data=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a PATCH request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
+            object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("PATCH", url, data=data, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
+        r"""Sends a DELETE request. Returns :class:`Response` object.
+
+        :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
+        :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+
+        return self.request("DELETE", url, **kwargs)
+
+    def send(self, request, **kwargs):
+        """Send a given PreparedRequest.
+
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        # Set defaults that the hooks can utilize to ensure they always have
+        # the correct parameters to reproduce the previous request.
+        kwargs.setdefault("stream", self.stream)
+        kwargs.setdefault("verify", self.verify)
+        kwargs.setdefault("cert", self.cert)
+        if "proxies" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["proxies"] = resolve_proxies(request, self.proxies, self.trust_env)
+
+        # It's possible that users might accidentally send a Request object.
+        # Guard against that specific failure case.
+        if isinstance(request, Request):
+            raise ValueError("You can only send PreparedRequests.")
+
+        # Set up variables needed for resolve_redirects and dispatching of hooks
+        allow_redirects = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
+        stream = kwargs.get("stream")
+        hooks = request.hooks
+
+        # Get the appropriate adapter to use
+        adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
+
+        # Start time (approximately) of the request
+        start = preferred_clock()
+
+        # Send the request
+        r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
+
+        # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)
+        elapsed = preferred_clock() - start
+        r.elapsed = timedelta(seconds=elapsed)
+
+        # Response manipulation hooks
+        r = dispatch_hook("response", hooks, r, **kwargs)
+
+        # Persist cookies
+        if r.history:
+
+            # If the hooks create history then we want those cookies too
+            for resp in r.history:
+                extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, resp.request, resp.raw)
+
+        extract_cookies_to_jar(self.cookies, request, r.raw)
+
+        # Resolve redirects if allowed.
+        if allow_redirects:
+            # Redirect resolving generator.
+            gen = self.resolve_redirects(r, request, **kwargs)
+            history = [resp for resp in gen]
+        else:
+            history = []
+
+        # Shuffle things around if there's history.
+        if history:
+            # Insert the first (original) request at the start
+            history.insert(0, r)
+            # Get the last request made
+            r = history.pop()
+            r.history = history
+
+        # If redirects aren't being followed, store the response on the Request for Response.next().
+        if not allow_redirects:
+            try:
+                r._next = next(
+                    self.resolve_redirects(r, request, yield_requests=True, **kwargs)
+                )
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+
+        if not stream:
+            r.content
+
+        return r
+
+    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
+        """
+        Check the environment and merge it with some settings.
+
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        # Gather clues from the surrounding environment.
+        if self.trust_env:
+            # Set environment's proxies.
+            no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy") if proxies is not None else None
+            env_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
+            for (k, v) in env_proxies.items():
+                proxies.setdefault(k, v)
+
+            # Look for requests environment configuration
+            # and be compatible with cURL.
+            if verify is True or verify is None:
+                verify = (
+                    os.environ.get("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or os.environ.get("CURL_CA_BUNDLE")
+                    or verify
+                )
+
+        # Merge all the kwargs.
+        proxies = merge_setting(proxies, self.proxies)
+        stream = merge_setting(stream, self.stream)
+        verify = merge_setting(verify, self.verify)
+        cert = merge_setting(cert, self.cert)
+
+        return {"proxies": proxies, "stream": stream, "verify": verify, "cert": cert}
+
+    def get_adapter(self, url):
+        """
+        Returns the appropriate connection adapter for the given URL.
+
+        :rtype: requests.adapters.BaseAdapter
+        """
+        for (prefix, adapter) in self.adapters.items():
+
+            if url.lower().startswith(prefix.lower()):
+                return adapter
+
+        # Nothing matches :-/
+        raise InvalidSchema(f"No connection adapters were found for {url!r}")
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Closes all adapters and as such the session"""
+        for v in self.adapters.values():
+            v.close()
+
+    def mount(self, prefix, adapter):
+        """Registers a connection adapter to a prefix.
+
+        Adapters are sorted in descending order by prefix length.
+        """
+        self.adapters[prefix] = adapter
+        keys_to_move = [k for k in self.adapters if len(k) < len(prefix)]
+
+        for key in keys_to_move:
+            self.adapters[key] = self.adapters.pop(key)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        state = {attr: getattr(self, attr, None) for attr in self.__attrs__}
+        return state
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        for attr, value in state.items():
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+
+
+def session():
+    """
+    Returns a :class:`Session` for context-management.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 1.0.0
+
+        This method has been deprecated since version 1.0.0 and is only kept for
+        backwards compatibility. New code should use :class:`~requests.sessions.Session`
+        to create a session. This may be removed at a future date.
+
+    :rtype: Session
+    """
+    return Session()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bd072b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+r"""
+The ``codes`` object defines a mapping from common names for HTTP statuses
+to their numerical codes, accessible either as attributes or as dictionary
+items.
+
+Example::
+
+    >>> import requests
+    >>> requests.codes['temporary_redirect']
+    307
+    >>> requests.codes.teapot
+    418
+    >>> requests.codes['\o/']
+    200
+
+Some codes have multiple names, and both upper- and lower-case versions of
+the names are allowed. For example, ``codes.ok``, ``codes.OK``, and
+``codes.okay`` all correspond to the HTTP status code 200.
+"""
+
+from .structures import LookupDict
+
+_codes = {
+    # Informational.
+    100: ("continue",),
+    101: ("switching_protocols",),
+    102: ("processing",),
+    103: ("checkpoint",),
+    122: ("uri_too_long", "request_uri_too_long"),
+    200: ("ok", "okay", "all_ok", "all_okay", "all_good", "\\o/", "✓"),
+    201: ("created",),
+    202: ("accepted",),
+    203: ("non_authoritative_info", "non_authoritative_information"),
+    204: ("no_content",),
+    205: ("reset_content", "reset"),
+    206: ("partial_content", "partial"),
+    207: ("multi_status", "multiple_status", "multi_stati", "multiple_stati"),
+    208: ("already_reported",),
+    226: ("im_used",),
+    # Redirection.
+    300: ("multiple_choices",),
+    301: ("moved_permanently", "moved", "\\o-"),
+    302: ("found",),
+    303: ("see_other", "other"),
+    304: ("not_modified",),
+    305: ("use_proxy",),
+    306: ("switch_proxy",),
+    307: ("temporary_redirect", "temporary_moved", "temporary"),
+    308: (
+        "permanent_redirect",
+        "resume_incomplete",
+        "resume",
+    ),  # "resume" and "resume_incomplete" to be removed in 3.0
+    # Client Error.
+    400: ("bad_request", "bad"),
+    401: ("unauthorized",),
+    402: ("payment_required", "payment"),
+    403: ("forbidden",),
+    404: ("not_found", "-o-"),
+    405: ("method_not_allowed", "not_allowed"),
+    406: ("not_acceptable",),
+    407: ("proxy_authentication_required", "proxy_auth", "proxy_authentication"),
+    408: ("request_timeout", "timeout"),
+    409: ("conflict",),
+    410: ("gone",),
+    411: ("length_required",),
+    412: ("precondition_failed", "precondition"),
+    413: ("request_entity_too_large",),
+    414: ("request_uri_too_large",),
+    415: ("unsupported_media_type", "unsupported_media", "media_type"),
+    416: (
+        "requested_range_not_satisfiable",
+        "requested_range",
+        "range_not_satisfiable",
+    ),
+    417: ("expectation_failed",),
+    418: ("im_a_teapot", "teapot", "i_am_a_teapot"),
+    421: ("misdirected_request",),
+    422: ("unprocessable_entity", "unprocessable"),
+    423: ("locked",),
+    424: ("failed_dependency", "dependency"),
+    425: ("unordered_collection", "unordered"),
+    426: ("upgrade_required", "upgrade"),
+    428: ("precondition_required", "precondition"),
+    429: ("too_many_requests", "too_many"),
+    431: ("header_fields_too_large", "fields_too_large"),
+    444: ("no_response", "none"),
+    449: ("retry_with", "retry"),
+    450: ("blocked_by_windows_parental_controls", "parental_controls"),
+    451: ("unavailable_for_legal_reasons", "legal_reasons"),
+    499: ("client_closed_request",),
+    # Server Error.
+    500: ("internal_server_error", "server_error", "/o\\", "✗"),
+    501: ("not_implemented",),
+    502: ("bad_gateway",),
+    503: ("service_unavailable", "unavailable"),
+    504: ("gateway_timeout",),
+    505: ("http_version_not_supported", "http_version"),
+    506: ("variant_also_negotiates",),
+    507: ("insufficient_storage",),
+    509: ("bandwidth_limit_exceeded", "bandwidth"),
+    510: ("not_extended",),
+    511: ("network_authentication_required", "network_auth", "network_authentication"),
+}
+
+codes = LookupDict(name="status_codes")
+
+
+def _init():
+    for code, titles in _codes.items():
+        for title in titles:
+            setattr(codes, title, code)
+            if not title.startswith(("\\", "/")):
+                setattr(codes, title.upper(), code)
+
+    def doc(code):
+        names = ", ".join(f"``{n}``" for n in _codes[code])
+        return "* %d: %s" % (code, names)
+
+    global __doc__
+    __doc__ = (
+        __doc__ + "\n" + "\n".join(doc(code) for code in sorted(_codes))
+        if __doc__ is not None
+        else None
+    )
+
+
+_init()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..188e13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/structures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""
+requests.structures
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Data structures that power Requests.
+"""
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from .compat import Mapping, MutableMapping
+
+
+class CaseInsensitiveDict(MutableMapping):
+    """A case-insensitive ``dict``-like object.
+
+    Implements all methods and operations of
+    ``MutableMapping`` as well as dict's ``copy``. Also
+    provides ``lower_items``.
+
+    All keys are expected to be strings. The structure remembers the
+    case of the last key to be set, and ``iter(instance)``,
+    ``keys()``, ``items()``, ``iterkeys()``, and ``iteritems()``
+    will contain case-sensitive keys. However, querying and contains
+    testing is case insensitive::
+
+        cid = CaseInsensitiveDict()
+        cid['Accept'] = 'application/json'
+        cid['aCCEPT'] == 'application/json'  # True
+        list(cid) == ['Accept']  # True
+
+    For example, ``headers['content-encoding']`` will return the
+    value of a ``'Content-Encoding'`` response header, regardless
+    of how the header name was originally stored.
+
+    If the constructor, ``.update``, or equality comparison
+    operations are given keys that have equal ``.lower()``s, the
+    behavior is undefined.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None, **kwargs):
+        self._store = OrderedDict()
+        if data is None:
+            data = {}
+        self.update(data, **kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        # Use the lowercased key for lookups, but store the actual
+        # key alongside the value.
+        self._store[key.lower()] = (key, value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._store[key.lower()][1]
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._store[key.lower()]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return (casedkey for casedkey, mappedvalue in self._store.values())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._store)
+
+    def lower_items(self):
+        """Like iteritems(), but with all lowercase keys."""
+        return ((lowerkey, keyval[1]) for (lowerkey, keyval) in self._store.items())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            other = CaseInsensitiveDict(other)
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+        # Compare insensitively
+        return dict(self.lower_items()) == dict(other.lower_items())
+
+    # Copy is required
+    def copy(self):
+        return CaseInsensitiveDict(self._store.values())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(dict(self.items()))
+
+
+class LookupDict(dict):
+    """Dictionary lookup object."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name=None):
+        self.name = name
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<lookup '{self.name}'>"
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # We allow fall-through here, so values default to None
+
+        return self.__dict__.get(key, None)
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        return self.__dict__.get(key, default)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6adec33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+"""
+requests.utils
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This module provides utility functions that are used within Requests
+that are also useful for external consumption.
+"""
+
+import codecs
+import contextlib
+import io
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import struct
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import warnings
+import zipfile
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import make_headers, parse_url
+
+from . import certs
+from .__version__ import __version__
+
+# to_native_string is unused here, but imported here for backwards compatibility
+from ._internal_utils import (  # noqa: F401
+    _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE,
+    _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR,
+    HEADER_VALIDATORS,
+    to_native_string,
+)
+from .compat import (
+    Mapping,
+    basestring,
+    bytes,
+    getproxies,
+    getproxies_environment,
+    integer_types,
+)
+from .compat import parse_http_list as _parse_list_header
+from .compat import (
+    proxy_bypass,
+    proxy_bypass_environment,
+    quote,
+    str,
+    unquote,
+    urlparse,
+    urlunparse,
+)
+from .cookies import cookiejar_from_dict
+from .exceptions import (
+    FileModeWarning,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidURL,
+    UnrewindableBodyError,
+)
+from .structures import CaseInsensitiveDict
+
+NETRC_FILES = (".netrc", "_netrc")
+
+DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = certs.where()
+
+DEFAULT_PORTS = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
+
+# Ensure that ', ' is used to preserve previous delimiter behavior.
+DEFAULT_ACCEPT_ENCODING = ", ".join(
+    re.split(r",\s*", make_headers(accept_encoding=True)["accept-encoding"])
+)
+
+
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    # provide a proxy_bypass version on Windows without DNS lookups
+
+    def proxy_bypass_registry(host):
+        try:
+            import winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(
+                winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings",
+            )
+            # ProxyEnable could be REG_SZ or REG_DWORD, normalizing it
+            proxyEnable = int(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings, "ProxyEnable")[0])
+            # ProxyOverride is almost always a string
+            proxyOverride = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings, "ProxyOverride")[0]
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            return False
+        if not proxyEnable or not proxyOverride:
+            return False
+
+        # make a check value list from the registry entry: replace the
+        # '<local>' string by the localhost entry and the corresponding
+        # canonical entry.
+        proxyOverride = proxyOverride.split(";")
+        # now check if we match one of the registry values.
+        for test in proxyOverride:
+            if test == "<local>":
+                if "." not in host:
+                    return True
+            test = test.replace(".", r"\.")  # mask dots
+            test = test.replace("*", r".*")  # change glob sequence
+            test = test.replace("?", r".")  # change glob char
+            if re.match(test, host, re.I):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def proxy_bypass(host):  # noqa
+        """Return True, if the host should be bypassed.
+
+        Checks proxy settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
+        or the registry.
+        """
+        if getproxies_environment():
+            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
+        else:
+            return proxy_bypass_registry(host)
+
+
+def dict_to_sequence(d):
+    """Returns an internal sequence dictionary update."""
+
+    if hasattr(d, "items"):
+        d = d.items()
+
+    return d
+
+
+def super_len(o):
+    total_length = None
+    current_position = 0
+
+    if hasattr(o, "__len__"):
+        total_length = len(o)
+
+    elif hasattr(o, "len"):
+        total_length = o.len
+
+    elif hasattr(o, "fileno"):
+        try:
+            fileno = o.fileno()
+        except (io.UnsupportedOperation, AttributeError):
+            # AttributeError is a surprising exception, seeing as how we've just checked
+            # that `hasattr(o, 'fileno')`.  It happens for objects obtained via
+            # `Tarfile.extractfile()`, per issue 5229.
+            pass
+        else:
+            total_length = os.fstat(fileno).st_size
+
+            # Having used fstat to determine the file length, we need to
+            # confirm that this file was opened up in binary mode.
+            if "b" not in o.mode:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Requests has determined the content-length for this "
+                        "request using the binary size of the file: however, the "
+                        "file has been opened in text mode (i.e. without the 'b' "
+                        "flag in the mode). This may lead to an incorrect "
+                        "content-length. In Requests 3.0, support will be removed "
+                        "for files in text mode."
+                    ),
+                    FileModeWarning,
+                )
+
+    if hasattr(o, "tell"):
+        try:
+            current_position = o.tell()
+        except OSError:
+            # This can happen in some weird situations, such as when the file
+            # is actually a special file descriptor like stdin. In this
+            # instance, we don't know what the length is, so set it to zero and
+            # let requests chunk it instead.
+            if total_length is not None:
+                current_position = total_length
+        else:
+            if hasattr(o, "seek") and total_length is None:
+                # StringIO and BytesIO have seek but no usable fileno
+                try:
+                    # seek to end of file
+                    o.seek(0, 2)
+                    total_length = o.tell()
+
+                    # seek back to current position to support
+                    # partially read file-like objects
+                    o.seek(current_position or 0)
+                except OSError:
+                    total_length = 0
+
+    if total_length is None:
+        total_length = 0
+
+    return max(0, total_length - current_position)
+
+
+def get_netrc_auth(url, raise_errors=False):
+    """Returns the Requests tuple auth for a given url from netrc."""
+
+    netrc_file = os.environ.get("NETRC")
+    if netrc_file is not None:
+        netrc_locations = (netrc_file,)
+    else:
+        netrc_locations = (f"~/{f}" for f in NETRC_FILES)
+
+    try:
+        from netrc import NetrcParseError, netrc
+
+        netrc_path = None
+
+        for f in netrc_locations:
+            try:
+                loc = os.path.expanduser(f)
+            except KeyError:
+                # os.path.expanduser can fail when $HOME is undefined and
+                # getpwuid fails. See https://bugs.python.org/issue20164 &
+                # https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/1846
+                return
+
+            if os.path.exists(loc):
+                netrc_path = loc
+                break
+
+        # Abort early if there isn't one.
+        if netrc_path is None:
+            return
+
+        ri = urlparse(url)
+        host = ri.hostname
+
+        try:
+            _netrc = netrc(netrc_path).authenticators(host)
+            if _netrc:
+                # Return with login / password
+                login_i = 0 if _netrc[0] else 1
+                return (_netrc[login_i], _netrc[2])
+        except (NetrcParseError, OSError):
+            # If there was a parsing error or a permissions issue reading the file,
+            # we'll just skip netrc auth unless explicitly asked to raise errors.
+            if raise_errors:
+                raise
+
+    # App Engine hackiness.
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        pass
+
+
+def guess_filename(obj):
+    """Tries to guess the filename of the given object."""
+    name = getattr(obj, "name", None)
+    if name and isinstance(name, basestring) and name[0] != "<" and name[-1] != ">":
+        return os.path.basename(name)
+
+
+def extract_zipped_paths(path):
+    """Replace nonexistent paths that look like they refer to a member of a zip
+    archive with the location of an extracted copy of the target, or else
+    just return the provided path unchanged.
+    """
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        # this is already a valid path, no need to do anything further
+        return path
+
+    # find the first valid part of the provided path and treat that as a zip archive
+    # assume the rest of the path is the name of a member in the archive
+    archive, member = os.path.split(path)
+    while archive and not os.path.exists(archive):
+        archive, prefix = os.path.split(archive)
+        if not prefix:
+            # If we don't check for an empty prefix after the split (in other words, archive remains unchanged after the split),
+            # we _can_ end up in an infinite loop on a rare corner case affecting a small number of users
+            break
+        member = "/".join([prefix, member])
+
+    if not zipfile.is_zipfile(archive):
+        return path
+
+    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(archive)
+    if member not in zip_file.namelist():
+        return path
+
+    # we have a valid zip archive and a valid member of that archive
+    tmp = tempfile.gettempdir()
+    extracted_path = os.path.join(tmp, member.split("/")[-1])
+    if not os.path.exists(extracted_path):
+        # use read + write to avoid the creating nested folders, we only want the file, avoids mkdir racing condition
+        with atomic_open(extracted_path) as file_handler:
+            file_handler.write(zip_file.read(member))
+    return extracted_path
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def atomic_open(filename):
+    """Write a file to the disk in an atomic fashion"""
+    tmp_descriptor, tmp_name = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename))
+    try:
+        with os.fdopen(tmp_descriptor, "wb") as tmp_handler:
+            yield tmp_handler
+        os.replace(tmp_name, filename)
+    except BaseException:
+        os.remove(tmp_name)
+        raise
+
+
+def from_key_val_list(value):
+    """Take an object and test to see if it can be represented as a
+    dictionary. Unless it can not be represented as such, return an
+    OrderedDict, e.g.,
+
+    ::
+
+        >>> from_key_val_list([('key', 'val')])
+        OrderedDict([('key', 'val')])
+        >>> from_key_val_list('string')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples
+        >>> from_key_val_list({'key': 'val'})
+        OrderedDict([('key', 'val')])
+
+    :rtype: OrderedDict
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bool, int)):
+        raise ValueError("cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples")
+
+    return OrderedDict(value)
+
+
+def to_key_val_list(value):
+    """Take an object and test to see if it can be represented as a
+    dictionary. If it can be, return a list of tuples, e.g.,
+
+    ::
+
+        >>> to_key_val_list([('key', 'val')])
+        [('key', 'val')]
+        >>> to_key_val_list({'key': 'val'})
+        [('key', 'val')]
+        >>> to_key_val_list('string')
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples
+
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, bool, int)):
+        raise ValueError("cannot encode objects that are not 2-tuples")
+
+    if isinstance(value, Mapping):
+        value = value.items()
+
+    return list(value)
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def parse_list_header(value):
+    """Parse lists as described by RFC 2068 Section 2.
+
+    In particular, parse comma-separated lists where the elements of
+    the list may include quoted-strings.  A quoted-string could
+    contain a comma.  A non-quoted string could have quotes in the
+    middle.  Quotes are removed automatically after parsing.
+
+    It basically works like :func:`parse_set_header` just that items
+    may appear multiple times and case sensitivity is preserved.
+
+    The return value is a standard :class:`list`:
+
+    >>> parse_list_header('token, "quoted value"')
+    ['token', 'quoted value']
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`list` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a string with a list header.
+    :return: :class:`list`
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+    result = []
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if item[:1] == item[-1:] == '"':
+            item = unquote_header_value(item[1:-1])
+        result.append(item)
+    return result
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def parse_dict_header(value):
+    """Parse lists of key, value pairs as described by RFC 2068 Section 2 and
+    convert them into a python dict:
+
+    >>> d = parse_dict_header('foo="is a fish", bar="as well"')
+    >>> type(d) is dict
+    True
+    >>> sorted(d.items())
+    [('bar', 'as well'), ('foo', 'is a fish')]
+
+    If there is no value for a key it will be `None`:
+
+    >>> parse_dict_header('key_without_value')
+    {'key_without_value': None}
+
+    To create a header from the :class:`dict` again, use the
+    :func:`dump_header` function.
+
+    :param value: a string with a dict header.
+    :return: :class:`dict`
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    result = {}
+    for item in _parse_list_header(value):
+        if "=" not in item:
+            result[item] = None
+            continue
+        name, value = item.split("=", 1)
+        if value[:1] == value[-1:] == '"':
+            value = unquote_header_value(value[1:-1])
+        result[name] = value
+    return result
+
+
+# From mitsuhiko/werkzeug (used with permission).
+def unquote_header_value(value, is_filename=False):
+    r"""Unquotes a header value.  (Reversal of :func:`quote_header_value`).
+    This does not use the real unquoting but what browsers are actually
+    using for quoting.
+
+    :param value: the header value to unquote.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    if value and value[0] == value[-1] == '"':
+        # this is not the real unquoting, but fixing this so that the
+        # RFC is met will result in bugs with internet explorer and
+        # probably some other browsers as well.  IE for example is
+        # uploading files with "C:\foo\bar.txt" as filename
+        value = value[1:-1]
+
+        # if this is a filename and the starting characters look like
+        # a UNC path, then just return the value without quotes.  Using the
+        # replace sequence below on a UNC path has the effect of turning
+        # the leading double slash into a single slash and then
+        # _fix_ie_filename() doesn't work correctly.  See #458.
+        if not is_filename or value[:2] != "\\\\":
+            return value.replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"')
+    return value
+
+
+def dict_from_cookiejar(cj):
+    """Returns a key/value dictionary from a CookieJar.
+
+    :param cj: CookieJar object to extract cookies from.
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+
+    cookie_dict = {}
+
+    for cookie in cj:
+        cookie_dict[cookie.name] = cookie.value
+
+    return cookie_dict
+
+
+def add_dict_to_cookiejar(cj, cookie_dict):
+    """Returns a CookieJar from a key/value dictionary.
+
+    :param cj: CookieJar to insert cookies into.
+    :param cookie_dict: Dict of key/values to insert into CookieJar.
+    :rtype: CookieJar
+    """
+
+    return cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict, cj)
+
+
+def get_encodings_from_content(content):
+    """Returns encodings from given content string.
+
+    :param content: bytestring to extract encodings from.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "In requests 3.0, get_encodings_from_content will be removed. For "
+            "more information, please see the discussion on issue #2266. (This"
+            " warning should only appear once.)"
+        ),
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    charset_re = re.compile(r'<meta.*?charset=["\']*(.+?)["\'>]', flags=re.I)
+    pragma_re = re.compile(r'<meta.*?content=["\']*;?charset=(.+?)["\'>]', flags=re.I)
+    xml_re = re.compile(r'^<\?xml.*?encoding=["\']*(.+?)["\'>]')
+
+    return (
+        charset_re.findall(content)
+        + pragma_re.findall(content)
+        + xml_re.findall(content)
+    )
+
+
+def _parse_content_type_header(header):
+    """Returns content type and parameters from given header
+
+    :param header: string
+    :return: tuple containing content type and dictionary of
+         parameters
+    """
+
+    tokens = header.split(";")
+    content_type, params = tokens[0].strip(), tokens[1:]
+    params_dict = {}
+    items_to_strip = "\"' "
+
+    for param in params:
+        param = param.strip()
+        if param:
+            key, value = param, True
+            index_of_equals = param.find("=")
+            if index_of_equals != -1:
+                key = param[:index_of_equals].strip(items_to_strip)
+                value = param[index_of_equals + 1 :].strip(items_to_strip)
+            params_dict[key.lower()] = value
+    return content_type, params_dict
+
+
+def get_encoding_from_headers(headers):
+    """Returns encodings from given HTTP Header Dict.
+
+    :param headers: dictionary to extract encoding from.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+
+    content_type = headers.get("content-type")
+
+    if not content_type:
+        return None
+
+    content_type, params = _parse_content_type_header(content_type)
+
+    if "charset" in params:
+        return params["charset"].strip("'\"")
+
+    if "text" in content_type:
+        return "ISO-8859-1"
+
+    if "application/json" in content_type:
+        # Assume UTF-8 based on RFC 4627: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt since the charset was unset
+        return "utf-8"
+
+
+def stream_decode_response_unicode(iterator, r):
+    """Stream decodes an iterator."""
+
+    if r.encoding is None:
+        yield from iterator
+        return
+
+    decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(r.encoding)(errors="replace")
+    for chunk in iterator:
+        rv = decoder.decode(chunk)
+        if rv:
+            yield rv
+    rv = decoder.decode(b"", final=True)
+    if rv:
+        yield rv
+
+
+def iter_slices(string, slice_length):
+    """Iterate over slices of a string."""
+    pos = 0
+    if slice_length is None or slice_length <= 0:
+        slice_length = len(string)
+    while pos < len(string):
+        yield string[pos : pos + slice_length]
+        pos += slice_length
+
+
+def get_unicode_from_response(r):
+    """Returns the requested content back in unicode.
+
+    :param r: Response object to get unicode content from.
+
+    Tried:
+
+    1. charset from content-type
+    2. fall back and replace all unicode characters
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "In requests 3.0, get_unicode_from_response will be removed. For "
+            "more information, please see the discussion on issue #2266. (This"
+            " warning should only appear once.)"
+        ),
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    tried_encodings = []
+
+    # Try charset from content-type
+    encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(r.headers)
+
+    if encoding:
+        try:
+            return str(r.content, encoding)
+        except UnicodeError:
+            tried_encodings.append(encoding)
+
+    # Fall back:
+    try:
+        return str(r.content, encoding, errors="replace")
+    except TypeError:
+        return r.content
+
+
+# The unreserved URI characters (RFC 3986)
+UNRESERVED_SET = frozenset(
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" + "0123456789-._~"
+)
+
+
+def unquote_unreserved(uri):
+    """Un-escape any percent-escape sequences in a URI that are unreserved
+    characters. This leaves all reserved, illegal and non-ASCII bytes encoded.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    parts = uri.split("%")
+    for i in range(1, len(parts)):
+        h = parts[i][0:2]
+        if len(h) == 2 and h.isalnum():
+            try:
+                c = chr(int(h, 16))
+            except ValueError:
+                raise InvalidURL(f"Invalid percent-escape sequence: '{h}'")
+
+            if c in UNRESERVED_SET:
+                parts[i] = c + parts[i][2:]
+            else:
+                parts[i] = f"%{parts[i]}"
+        else:
+            parts[i] = f"%{parts[i]}"
+    return "".join(parts)
+
+
+def requote_uri(uri):
+    """Re-quote the given URI.
+
+    This function passes the given URI through an unquote/quote cycle to
+    ensure that it is fully and consistently quoted.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    safe_with_percent = "!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]~"
+    safe_without_percent = "!#$&'()*+,/:;=?@[]~"
+    try:
+        # Unquote only the unreserved characters
+        # Then quote only illegal characters (do not quote reserved,
+        # unreserved, or '%')
+        return quote(unquote_unreserved(uri), safe=safe_with_percent)
+    except InvalidURL:
+        # We couldn't unquote the given URI, so let's try quoting it, but
+        # there may be unquoted '%'s in the URI. We need to make sure they're
+        # properly quoted so they do not cause issues elsewhere.
+        return quote(uri, safe=safe_without_percent)
+
+
+def address_in_network(ip, net):
+    """This function allows you to check if an IP belongs to a network subnet
+
+    Example: returns True if ip = 192.168.1.1 and net = 192.168.1.0/24
+             returns False if ip = 192.168.1.1 and net = 192.168.100.0/24
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    ipaddr = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
+    netaddr, bits = net.split("/")
+    netmask = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(dotted_netmask(int(bits))))[0]
+    network = struct.unpack("=L", socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & netmask
+    return (ipaddr & netmask) == (network & netmask)
+
+
+def dotted_netmask(mask):
+    """Converts mask from /xx format to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
+
+    Example: if mask is 24 function returns 255.255.255.0
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    bits = 0xFFFFFFFF ^ (1 << 32 - mask) - 1
+    return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack(">I", bits))
+
+
+def is_ipv4_address(string_ip):
+    """
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    try:
+        socket.inet_aton(string_ip)
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def is_valid_cidr(string_network):
+    """
+    Very simple check of the cidr format in no_proxy variable.
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    if string_network.count("/") == 1:
+        try:
+            mask = int(string_network.split("/")[1])
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+        if mask < 1 or mask > 32:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            socket.inet_aton(string_network.split("/")[0])
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+    else:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def set_environ(env_name, value):
+    """Set the environment variable 'env_name' to 'value'
+
+    Save previous value, yield, and then restore the previous value stored in
+    the environment variable 'env_name'.
+
+    If 'value' is None, do nothing"""
+    value_changed = value is not None
+    if value_changed:
+        old_value = os.environ.get(env_name)
+        os.environ[env_name] = value
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if value_changed:
+            if old_value is None:
+                del os.environ[env_name]
+            else:
+                os.environ[env_name] = old_value
+
+
+def should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy):
+    """
+    Returns whether we should bypass proxies or not.
+
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    # Prioritize lowercase environment variables over uppercase
+    # to keep a consistent behaviour with other http projects (curl, wget).
+    def get_proxy(key):
+        return os.environ.get(key) or os.environ.get(key.upper())
+
+    # First check whether no_proxy is defined. If it is, check that the URL
+    # we're getting isn't in the no_proxy list.
+    no_proxy_arg = no_proxy
+    if no_proxy is None:
+        no_proxy = get_proxy("no_proxy")
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        # URLs don't always have hostnames, e.g. file:/// urls.
+        return True
+
+    if no_proxy:
+        # We need to check whether we match here. We need to see if we match
+        # the end of the hostname, both with and without the port.
+        no_proxy = (host for host in no_proxy.replace(" ", "").split(",") if host)
+
+        if is_ipv4_address(parsed.hostname):
+            for proxy_ip in no_proxy:
+                if is_valid_cidr(proxy_ip):
+                    if address_in_network(parsed.hostname, proxy_ip):
+                        return True
+                elif parsed.hostname == proxy_ip:
+                    # If no_proxy ip was defined in plain IP notation instead of cidr notation &
+                    # matches the IP of the index
+                    return True
+        else:
+            host_with_port = parsed.hostname
+            if parsed.port:
+                host_with_port += f":{parsed.port}"
+
+            for host in no_proxy:
+                if parsed.hostname.endswith(host) or host_with_port.endswith(host):
+                    # The URL does match something in no_proxy, so we don't want
+                    # to apply the proxies on this URL.
+                    return True
+
+    with set_environ("no_proxy", no_proxy_arg):
+        # parsed.hostname can be `None` in cases such as a file URI.
+        try:
+            bypass = proxy_bypass(parsed.hostname)
+        except (TypeError, socket.gaierror):
+            bypass = False
+
+    if bypass:
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=None):
+    """
+    Return a dict of environment proxies.
+
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    if should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy):
+        return {}
+    else:
+        return getproxies()
+
+
+def select_proxy(url, proxies):
+    """Select a proxy for the url, if applicable.
+
+    :param url: The url being for the request
+    :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs
+    """
+    proxies = proxies or {}
+    urlparts = urlparse(url)
+    if urlparts.hostname is None:
+        return proxies.get(urlparts.scheme, proxies.get("all"))
+
+    proxy_keys = [
+        urlparts.scheme + "://" + urlparts.hostname,
+        urlparts.scheme,
+        "all://" + urlparts.hostname,
+        "all",
+    ]
+    proxy = None
+    for proxy_key in proxy_keys:
+        if proxy_key in proxies:
+            proxy = proxies[proxy_key]
+            break
+
+    return proxy
+
+
+def resolve_proxies(request, proxies, trust_env=True):
+    """This method takes proxy information from a request and configuration
+    input to resolve a mapping of target proxies. This will consider settings
+    such a NO_PROXY to strip proxy configurations.
+
+    :param request: Request or PreparedRequest
+    :param proxies: A dictionary of schemes or schemes and hosts to proxy URLs
+    :param trust_env: Boolean declaring whether to trust environment configs
+
+    :rtype: dict
+    """
+    proxies = proxies if proxies is not None else {}
+    url = request.url
+    scheme = urlparse(url).scheme
+    no_proxy = proxies.get("no_proxy")
+    new_proxies = proxies.copy()
+
+    if trust_env and not should_bypass_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy):
+        environ_proxies = get_environ_proxies(url, no_proxy=no_proxy)
+
+        proxy = environ_proxies.get(scheme, environ_proxies.get("all"))
+
+        if proxy:
+            new_proxies.setdefault(scheme, proxy)
+    return new_proxies
+
+
+def default_user_agent(name="python-requests"):
+    """
+    Return a string representing the default user agent.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    return f"{name}/{__version__}"
+
+
+def default_headers():
+    """
+    :rtype: requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict
+    """
+    return CaseInsensitiveDict(
+        {
+            "User-Agent": default_user_agent(),
+            "Accept-Encoding": DEFAULT_ACCEPT_ENCODING,
+            "Accept": "*/*",
+            "Connection": "keep-alive",
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def parse_header_links(value):
+    """Return a list of parsed link headers proxies.
+
+    i.e. Link: <http:/.../front.jpeg>; rel=front; type="image/jpeg",<http://.../back.jpeg>; rel=back;type="image/jpeg"
+
+    :rtype: list
+    """
+
+    links = []
+
+    replace_chars = " '\""
+
+    value = value.strip(replace_chars)
+    if not value:
+        return links
+
+    for val in re.split(", *<", value):
+        try:
+            url, params = val.split(";", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            url, params = val, ""
+
+        link = {"url": url.strip("<> '\"")}
+
+        for param in params.split(";"):
+            try:
+                key, value = param.split("=")
+            except ValueError:
+                break
+
+            link[key.strip(replace_chars)] = value.strip(replace_chars)
+
+        links.append(link)
+
+    return links
+
+
+# Null bytes; no need to recreate these on each call to guess_json_utf
+_null = "\x00".encode("ascii")  # encoding to ASCII for Python 3
+_null2 = _null * 2
+_null3 = _null * 3
+
+
+def guess_json_utf(data):
+    """
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    # JSON always starts with two ASCII characters, so detection is as
+    # easy as counting the nulls and from their location and count
+    # determine the encoding. Also detect a BOM, if present.
+    sample = data[:4]
+    if sample in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE):
+        return "utf-32"  # BOM included
+    if sample[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
+        return "utf-8-sig"  # BOM included, MS style (discouraged)
+    if sample[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE):
+        return "utf-16"  # BOM included
+    nullcount = sample.count(_null)
+    if nullcount == 0:
+        return "utf-8"
+    if nullcount == 2:
+        if sample[::2] == _null2:  # 1st and 3rd are null
+            return "utf-16-be"
+        if sample[1::2] == _null2:  # 2nd and 4th are null
+            return "utf-16-le"
+        # Did not detect 2 valid UTF-16 ascii-range characters
+    if nullcount == 3:
+        if sample[:3] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-be"
+        if sample[1:] == _null3:
+            return "utf-32-le"
+        # Did not detect a valid UTF-32 ascii-range character
+    return None
+
+
+def prepend_scheme_if_needed(url, new_scheme):
+    """Given a URL that may or may not have a scheme, prepend the given scheme.
+    Does not replace a present scheme with the one provided as an argument.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    parsed = parse_url(url)
+    scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = parsed
+
+    # A defect in urlparse determines that there isn't a netloc present in some
+    # urls. We previously assumed parsing was overly cautious, and swapped the
+    # netloc and path. Due to a lack of tests on the original defect, this is
+    # maintained with parse_url for backwards compatibility.
+    netloc = parsed.netloc
+    if not netloc:
+        netloc, path = path, netloc
+
+    if auth:
+        # parse_url doesn't provide the netloc with auth
+        # so we'll add it ourselves.
+        netloc = "@".join([auth, netloc])
+    if scheme is None:
+        scheme = new_scheme
+    if path is None:
+        path = ""
+
+    return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, "", query, fragment))
+
+
+def get_auth_from_url(url):
+    """Given a url with authentication components, extract them into a tuple of
+    username,password.
+
+    :rtype: (str,str)
+    """
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+
+    try:
+        auth = (unquote(parsed.username), unquote(parsed.password))
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        auth = ("", "")
+
+    return auth
+
+
+def check_header_validity(header):
+    """Verifies that header parts don't contain leading whitespace
+    reserved characters, or return characters.
+
+    :param header: tuple, in the format (name, value).
+    """
+    name, value = header
+    _validate_header_part(header, name, 0)
+    _validate_header_part(header, value, 1)
+
+
+def _validate_header_part(header, header_part, header_validator_index):
+    if isinstance(header_part, str):
+        validator = _HEADER_VALIDATORS_STR[header_validator_index]
+    elif isinstance(header_part, bytes):
+        validator = _HEADER_VALIDATORS_BYTE[header_validator_index]
+    else:
+        raise InvalidHeader(
+            f"Header part ({header_part!r}) from {header} "
+            f"must be of type str or bytes, not {type(header_part)}"
+        )
+
+    if not validator.match(header_part):
+        header_kind = "name" if header_validator_index == 0 else "value"
+        raise InvalidHeader(
+            f"Invalid leading whitespace, reserved character(s), or return"
+            f"character(s) in header {header_kind}: {header_part!r}"
+        )
+
+
+def urldefragauth(url):
+    """
+    Given a url remove the fragment and the authentication part.
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = urlparse(url)
+
+    # see func:`prepend_scheme_if_needed`
+    if not netloc:
+        netloc, path = path, netloc
+
+    netloc = netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1]
+
+    return urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, query, ""))
+
+
+def rewind_body(prepared_request):
+    """Move file pointer back to its recorded starting position
+    so it can be read again on redirect.
+    """
+    body_seek = getattr(prepared_request.body, "seek", None)
+    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(
+        prepared_request._body_position, integer_types
+    ):
+        try:
+            body_seek(prepared_request._body_position)
+        except OSError:
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect."
+            )
+    else:
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError("Unable to rewind request body for redirect.")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d92acc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "AbstractProvider",
+    "AbstractResolver",
+    "BaseReporter",
+    "InconsistentCandidate",
+    "Resolver",
+    "RequirementsConflicted",
+    "ResolutionError",
+    "ResolutionImpossible",
+    "ResolutionTooDeep",
+]
+
+__version__ = "1.0.1"
+
+
+from .providers import AbstractProvider, AbstractResolver
+from .reporters import BaseReporter
+from .resolvers import (
+    InconsistentCandidate,
+    RequirementsConflicted,
+    ResolutionError,
+    ResolutionImpossible,
+    ResolutionTooDeep,
+    Resolver,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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index 0000000..1becc50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/compat/collections_abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+__all__ = ["Mapping", "Sequence"]
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Mapping, Sequence
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e99d87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/providers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+class AbstractProvider(object):
+    """Delegate class to provide the required interface for the resolver."""
+
+    def identify(self, requirement_or_candidate):
+        """Given a requirement, return an identifier for it.
+
+        This is used to identify a requirement, e.g. whether two requirements
+        should have their specifier parts merged.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_preference(
+        self,
+        identifier,
+        resolutions,
+        candidates,
+        information,
+        backtrack_causes,
+    ):
+        """Produce a sort key for given requirement based on preference.
+
+        The preference is defined as "I think this requirement should be
+        resolved first". The lower the return value is, the more preferred
+        this group of arguments is.
+
+        :param identifier: An identifier as returned by ``identify()``. This
+            identifies the dependency matches which should be returned.
+        :param resolutions: Mapping of candidates currently pinned by the
+            resolver. Each key is an identifier, and the value is a candidate.
+            The candidate may conflict with requirements from ``information``.
+        :param candidates: Mapping of each dependency's possible candidates.
+            Each value is an iterator of candidates.
+        :param information: Mapping of requirement information of each package.
+            Each value is an iterator of *requirement information*.
+        :param backtrack_causes: Sequence of requirement information that were
+            the requirements that caused the resolver to most recently backtrack.
+
+        A *requirement information* instance is a named tuple with two members:
+
+        * ``requirement`` specifies a requirement contributing to the current
+          list of candidates.
+        * ``parent`` specifies the candidate that provides (depended on) the
+          requirement, or ``None`` to indicate a root requirement.
+
+        The preference could depend on various issues, including (not
+        necessarily in this order):
+
+        * Is this package pinned in the current resolution result?
+        * How relaxed is the requirement? Stricter ones should probably be
+          worked on first? (I don't know, actually.)
+        * How many possibilities are there to satisfy this requirement? Those
+          with few left should likely be worked on first, I guess?
+        * Are there any known conflicts for this requirement? We should
+          probably work on those with the most known conflicts.
+
+        A sortable value should be returned (this will be used as the ``key``
+        parameter of the built-in sorting function). The smaller the value is,
+        the more preferred this requirement is (i.e. the sorting function
+        is called with ``reverse=False``).
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def find_matches(self, identifier, requirements, incompatibilities):
+        """Find all possible candidates that satisfy the given constraints.
+
+        :param identifier: An identifier as returned by ``identify()``. This
+            identifies the dependency matches of which should be returned.
+        :param requirements: A mapping of requirements that all returned
+            candidates must satisfy. Each key is an identifier, and the value
+            an iterator of requirements for that dependency.
+        :param incompatibilities: A mapping of known incompatibilities of
+            each dependency. Each key is an identifier, and the value an
+            iterator of incompatibilities known to the resolver. All
+            incompatibilities *must* be excluded from the return value.
+
+        This should try to get candidates based on the requirements' types.
+        For VCS, local, and archive requirements, the one-and-only match is
+        returned, and for a "named" requirement, the index(es) should be
+        consulted to find concrete candidates for this requirement.
+
+        The return value should produce candidates ordered by preference; the
+        most preferred candidate should come first. The return type may be one
+        of the following:
+
+        * A callable that returns an iterator that yields candidates.
+        * An collection of candidates.
+        * An iterable of candidates. This will be consumed immediately into a
+          list of candidates.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def is_satisfied_by(self, requirement, candidate):
+        """Whether the given requirement can be satisfied by a candidate.
+
+        The candidate is guaranteed to have been generated from the
+        requirement.
+
+        A boolean should be returned to indicate whether ``candidate`` is a
+        viable solution to the requirement.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_dependencies(self, candidate):
+        """Get dependencies of a candidate.
+
+        This should return a collection of requirements that `candidate`
+        specifies as its dependencies.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class AbstractResolver(object):
+    """The thing that performs the actual resolution work."""
+
+    base_exception = Exception
+
+    def __init__(self, provider, reporter):
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.reporter = reporter
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, **kwargs):
+        """Take a collection of constraints, spit out the resolution result.
+
+        This returns a representation of the final resolution state, with one
+        guarenteed attribute ``mapping`` that contains resolved candidates as
+        values. The keys are their respective identifiers.
+
+        :param requirements: A collection of constraints.
+        :param kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that subclasses may accept.
+
+        :raises: ``self.base_exception`` or its subclass.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..688b5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/reporters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+class BaseReporter(object):
+    """Delegate class to provider progress reporting for the resolver."""
+
+    def starting(self):
+        """Called before the resolution actually starts."""
+
+    def starting_round(self, index):
+        """Called before each round of resolution starts.
+
+        The index is zero-based.
+        """
+
+    def ending_round(self, index, state):
+        """Called before each round of resolution ends.
+
+        This is NOT called if the resolution ends at this round. Use `ending`
+        if you want to report finalization. The index is zero-based.
+        """
+
+    def ending(self, state):
+        """Called before the resolution ends successfully."""
+
+    def adding_requirement(self, requirement, parent):
+        """Called when adding a new requirement into the resolve criteria.
+
+        :param requirement: The additional requirement to be applied to filter
+            the available candidaites.
+        :param parent: The candidate that requires ``requirement`` as a
+            dependency, or None if ``requirement`` is one of the root
+            requirements passed in from ``Resolver.resolve()``.
+        """
+
+    def resolving_conflicts(self, causes):
+        """Called when starting to attempt requirement conflict resolution.
+
+        :param causes: The information on the collision that caused the backtracking.
+        """
+
+    def rejecting_candidate(self, criterion, candidate):
+        """Called when rejecting a candidate during backtracking."""
+
+    def pinning(self, candidate):
+        """Called when adding a candidate to the potential solution."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c3d0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+import collections
+import itertools
+import operator
+
+from .providers import AbstractResolver
+from .structs import DirectedGraph, IteratorMapping, build_iter_view
+
+RequirementInformation = collections.namedtuple(
+    "RequirementInformation", ["requirement", "parent"]
+)
+
+
+class ResolverException(Exception):
+    """A base class for all exceptions raised by this module.
+
+    Exceptions derived by this class should all be handled in this module. Any
+    bubbling pass the resolver should be treated as a bug.
+    """
+
+
+class RequirementsConflicted(ResolverException):
+    def __init__(self, criterion):
+        super(RequirementsConflicted, self).__init__(criterion)
+        self.criterion = criterion
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Requirements conflict: {}".format(
+            ", ".join(repr(r) for r in self.criterion.iter_requirement()),
+        )
+
+
+class InconsistentCandidate(ResolverException):
+    def __init__(self, candidate, criterion):
+        super(InconsistentCandidate, self).__init__(candidate, criterion)
+        self.candidate = candidate
+        self.criterion = criterion
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Provided candidate {!r} does not satisfy {}".format(
+            self.candidate,
+            ", ".join(repr(r) for r in self.criterion.iter_requirement()),
+        )
+
+
+class Criterion(object):
+    """Representation of possible resolution results of a package.
+
+    This holds three attributes:
+
+    * `information` is a collection of `RequirementInformation` pairs.
+      Each pair is a requirement contributing to this criterion, and the
+      candidate that provides the requirement.
+    * `incompatibilities` is a collection of all known not-to-work candidates
+      to exclude from consideration.
+    * `candidates` is a collection containing all possible candidates deducted
+      from the union of contributing requirements and known incompatibilities.
+      It should never be empty, except when the criterion is an attribute of a
+      raised `RequirementsConflicted` (in which case it is always empty).
+
+    .. note::
+        This class is intended to be externally immutable. **Do not** mutate
+        any of its attribute containers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, candidates, information, incompatibilities):
+        self.candidates = candidates
+        self.information = information
+        self.incompatibilities = incompatibilities
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        requirements = ", ".join(
+            "({!r}, via={!r})".format(req, parent)
+            for req, parent in self.information
+        )
+        return "Criterion({})".format(requirements)
+
+    def iter_requirement(self):
+        return (i.requirement for i in self.information)
+
+    def iter_parent(self):
+        return (i.parent for i in self.information)
+
+
+class ResolutionError(ResolverException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ResolutionImpossible(ResolutionError):
+    def __init__(self, causes):
+        super(ResolutionImpossible, self).__init__(causes)
+        # causes is a list of RequirementInformation objects
+        self.causes = causes
+
+
+class ResolutionTooDeep(ResolutionError):
+    def __init__(self, round_count):
+        super(ResolutionTooDeep, self).__init__(round_count)
+        self.round_count = round_count
+
+
+# Resolution state in a round.
+State = collections.namedtuple("State", "mapping criteria backtrack_causes")
+
+
+class Resolution(object):
+    """Stateful resolution object.
+
+    This is designed as a one-off object that holds information to kick start
+    the resolution process, and holds the results afterwards.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, provider, reporter):
+        self._p = provider
+        self._r = reporter
+        self._states = []
+
+    @property
+    def state(self):
+        try:
+            return self._states[-1]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise AttributeError("state")
+
+    def _push_new_state(self):
+        """Push a new state into history.
+
+        This new state will be used to hold resolution results of the next
+        coming round.
+        """
+        base = self._states[-1]
+        state = State(
+            mapping=base.mapping.copy(),
+            criteria=base.criteria.copy(),
+            backtrack_causes=base.backtrack_causes[:],
+        )
+        self._states.append(state)
+
+    def _add_to_criteria(self, criteria, requirement, parent):
+        self._r.adding_requirement(requirement=requirement, parent=parent)
+
+        identifier = self._p.identify(requirement_or_candidate=requirement)
+        criterion = criteria.get(identifier)
+        if criterion:
+            incompatibilities = list(criterion.incompatibilities)
+        else:
+            incompatibilities = []
+
+        matches = self._p.find_matches(
+            identifier=identifier,
+            requirements=IteratorMapping(
+                criteria,
+                operator.methodcaller("iter_requirement"),
+                {identifier: [requirement]},
+            ),
+            incompatibilities=IteratorMapping(
+                criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("incompatibilities"),
+                {identifier: incompatibilities},
+            ),
+        )
+
+        if criterion:
+            information = list(criterion.information)
+            information.append(RequirementInformation(requirement, parent))
+        else:
+            information = [RequirementInformation(requirement, parent)]
+
+        criterion = Criterion(
+            candidates=build_iter_view(matches),
+            information=information,
+            incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+        )
+        if not criterion.candidates:
+            raise RequirementsConflicted(criterion)
+        criteria[identifier] = criterion
+
+    def _remove_information_from_criteria(self, criteria, parents):
+        """Remove information from parents of criteria.
+
+        Concretely, removes all values from each criterion's ``information``
+        field that have one of ``parents`` as provider of the requirement.
+
+        :param criteria: The criteria to update.
+        :param parents: Identifiers for which to remove information from all criteria.
+        """
+        if not parents:
+            return
+        for key, criterion in criteria.items():
+            criteria[key] = Criterion(
+                criterion.candidates,
+                [
+                    information
+                    for information in criterion.information
+                    if (
+                        information.parent is None
+                        or self._p.identify(information.parent) not in parents
+                    )
+                ],
+                criterion.incompatibilities,
+            )
+
+    def _get_preference(self, name):
+        return self._p.get_preference(
+            identifier=name,
+            resolutions=self.state.mapping,
+            candidates=IteratorMapping(
+                self.state.criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("candidates"),
+            ),
+            information=IteratorMapping(
+                self.state.criteria,
+                operator.attrgetter("information"),
+            ),
+            backtrack_causes=self.state.backtrack_causes,
+        )
+
+    def _is_current_pin_satisfying(self, name, criterion):
+        try:
+            current_pin = self.state.mapping[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+        return all(
+            self._p.is_satisfied_by(requirement=r, candidate=current_pin)
+            for r in criterion.iter_requirement()
+        )
+
+    def _get_updated_criteria(self, candidate):
+        criteria = self.state.criteria.copy()
+        for requirement in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate=candidate):
+            self._add_to_criteria(criteria, requirement, parent=candidate)
+        return criteria
+
+    def _attempt_to_pin_criterion(self, name):
+        criterion = self.state.criteria[name]
+
+        causes = []
+        for candidate in criterion.candidates:
+            try:
+                criteria = self._get_updated_criteria(candidate)
+            except RequirementsConflicted as e:
+                self._r.rejecting_candidate(e.criterion, candidate)
+                causes.append(e.criterion)
+                continue
+
+            # Check the newly-pinned candidate actually works. This should
+            # always pass under normal circumstances, but in the case of a
+            # faulty provider, we will raise an error to notify the implementer
+            # to fix find_matches() and/or is_satisfied_by().
+            satisfied = all(
+                self._p.is_satisfied_by(requirement=r, candidate=candidate)
+                for r in criterion.iter_requirement()
+            )
+            if not satisfied:
+                raise InconsistentCandidate(candidate, criterion)
+
+            self._r.pinning(candidate=candidate)
+            self.state.criteria.update(criteria)
+
+            # Put newly-pinned candidate at the end. This is essential because
+            # backtracking looks at this mapping to get the last pin.
+            self.state.mapping.pop(name, None)
+            self.state.mapping[name] = candidate
+
+            return []
+
+        # All candidates tried, nothing works. This criterion is a dead
+        # end, signal for backtracking.
+        return causes
+
+    def _backjump(self, causes):
+        """Perform backjumping.
+
+        When we enter here, the stack is like this::
+
+            [ state Z ]
+            [ state Y ]
+            [ state X ]
+            .... earlier states are irrelevant.
+
+        1. No pins worked for Z, so it does not have a pin.
+        2. We want to reset state Y to unpinned, and pin another candidate.
+        3. State X holds what state Y was before the pin, but does not
+           have the incompatibility information gathered in state Y.
+
+        Each iteration of the loop will:
+
+        1.  Identify Z. The incompatibility is not always caused by the latest
+            state. For example, given three requirements A, B and C, with
+            dependencies A1, B1 and C1, where A1 and B1 are incompatible: the
+            last state might be related to C, so we want to discard the
+            previous state.
+        2.  Discard Z.
+        3.  Discard Y but remember its incompatibility information gathered
+            previously, and the failure we're dealing with right now.
+        4.  Push a new state Y' based on X, and apply the incompatibility
+            information from Y to Y'.
+        5a. If this causes Y' to conflict, we need to backtrack again. Make Y'
+            the new Z and go back to step 2.
+        5b. If the incompatibilities apply cleanly, end backtracking.
+        """
+        incompatible_reqs = itertools.chain(
+            (c.parent for c in causes if c.parent is not None),
+            (c.requirement for c in causes),
+        )
+        incompatible_deps = {self._p.identify(r) for r in incompatible_reqs}
+        while len(self._states) >= 3:
+            # Remove the state that triggered backtracking.
+            del self._states[-1]
+
+            # Ensure to backtrack to a state that caused the incompatibility
+            incompatible_state = False
+            while not incompatible_state:
+                # Retrieve the last candidate pin and known incompatibilities.
+                try:
+                    broken_state = self._states.pop()
+                    name, candidate = broken_state.mapping.popitem()
+                except (IndexError, KeyError):
+                    raise ResolutionImpossible(causes)
+                current_dependencies = {
+                    self._p.identify(d)
+                    for d in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate)
+                }
+                incompatible_state = not current_dependencies.isdisjoint(
+                    incompatible_deps
+                )
+
+            incompatibilities_from_broken = [
+                (k, list(v.incompatibilities))
+                for k, v in broken_state.criteria.items()
+            ]
+
+            # Also mark the newly known incompatibility.
+            incompatibilities_from_broken.append((name, [candidate]))
+
+            # Create a new state from the last known-to-work one, and apply
+            # the previously gathered incompatibility information.
+            def _patch_criteria():
+                for k, incompatibilities in incompatibilities_from_broken:
+                    if not incompatibilities:
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        criterion = self.state.criteria[k]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        continue
+                    matches = self._p.find_matches(
+                        identifier=k,
+                        requirements=IteratorMapping(
+                            self.state.criteria,
+                            operator.methodcaller("iter_requirement"),
+                        ),
+                        incompatibilities=IteratorMapping(
+                            self.state.criteria,
+                            operator.attrgetter("incompatibilities"),
+                            {k: incompatibilities},
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    candidates = build_iter_view(matches)
+                    if not candidates:
+                        return False
+                    incompatibilities.extend(criterion.incompatibilities)
+                    self.state.criteria[k] = Criterion(
+                        candidates=candidates,
+                        information=list(criterion.information),
+                        incompatibilities=incompatibilities,
+                    )
+                return True
+
+            self._push_new_state()
+            success = _patch_criteria()
+
+            # It works! Let's work on this new state.
+            if success:
+                return True
+
+            # State does not work after applying known incompatibilities.
+            # Try the still previous state.
+
+        # No way to backtrack anymore.
+        return False
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, max_rounds):
+        if self._states:
+            raise RuntimeError("already resolved")
+
+        self._r.starting()
+
+        # Initialize the root state.
+        self._states = [
+            State(
+                mapping=collections.OrderedDict(),
+                criteria={},
+                backtrack_causes=[],
+            )
+        ]
+        for r in requirements:
+            try:
+                self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None)
+            except RequirementsConflicted as e:
+                raise ResolutionImpossible(e.criterion.information)
+
+        # The root state is saved as a sentinel so the first ever pin can have
+        # something to backtrack to if it fails. The root state is basically
+        # pinning the virtual "root" package in the graph.
+        self._push_new_state()
+
+        for round_index in range(max_rounds):
+            self._r.starting_round(index=round_index)
+
+            unsatisfied_names = [
+                key
+                for key, criterion in self.state.criteria.items()
+                if not self._is_current_pin_satisfying(key, criterion)
+            ]
+
+            # All criteria are accounted for. Nothing more to pin, we are done!
+            if not unsatisfied_names:
+                self._r.ending(state=self.state)
+                return self.state
+
+            # keep track of satisfied names to calculate diff after pinning
+            satisfied_names = set(self.state.criteria.keys()) - set(
+                unsatisfied_names
+            )
+
+            # Choose the most preferred unpinned criterion to try.
+            name = min(unsatisfied_names, key=self._get_preference)
+            failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name)
+
+            if failure_causes:
+                causes = [i for c in failure_causes for i in c.information]
+                # Backjump if pinning fails. The backjump process puts us in
+                # an unpinned state, so we can work on it in the next round.
+                self._r.resolving_conflicts(causes=causes)
+                success = self._backjump(causes)
+                self.state.backtrack_causes[:] = causes
+
+                # Dead ends everywhere. Give up.
+                if not success:
+                    raise ResolutionImpossible(self.state.backtrack_causes)
+            else:
+                # discard as information sources any invalidated names
+                # (unsatisfied names that were previously satisfied)
+                newly_unsatisfied_names = {
+                    key
+                    for key, criterion in self.state.criteria.items()
+                    if key in satisfied_names
+                    and not self._is_current_pin_satisfying(key, criterion)
+                }
+                self._remove_information_from_criteria(
+                    self.state.criteria, newly_unsatisfied_names
+                )
+                # Pinning was successful. Push a new state to do another pin.
+                self._push_new_state()
+
+            self._r.ending_round(index=round_index, state=self.state)
+
+        raise ResolutionTooDeep(max_rounds)
+
+
+def _has_route_to_root(criteria, key, all_keys, connected):
+    if key in connected:
+        return True
+    if key not in criteria:
+        return False
+    for p in criteria[key].iter_parent():
+        try:
+            pkey = all_keys[id(p)]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        if pkey in connected:
+            connected.add(key)
+            return True
+        if _has_route_to_root(criteria, pkey, all_keys, connected):
+            connected.add(key)
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+Result = collections.namedtuple("Result", "mapping graph criteria")
+
+
+def _build_result(state):
+    mapping = state.mapping
+    all_keys = {id(v): k for k, v in mapping.items()}
+    all_keys[id(None)] = None
+
+    graph = DirectedGraph()
+    graph.add(None)  # Sentinel as root dependencies' parent.
+
+    connected = {None}
+    for key, criterion in state.criteria.items():
+        if not _has_route_to_root(state.criteria, key, all_keys, connected):
+            continue
+        if key not in graph:
+            graph.add(key)
+        for p in criterion.iter_parent():
+            try:
+                pkey = all_keys[id(p)]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+            if pkey not in graph:
+                graph.add(pkey)
+            graph.connect(pkey, key)
+
+    return Result(
+        mapping={k: v for k, v in mapping.items() if k in connected},
+        graph=graph,
+        criteria=state.criteria,
+    )
+
+
+class Resolver(AbstractResolver):
+    """The thing that performs the actual resolution work."""
+
+    base_exception = ResolverException
+
+    def resolve(self, requirements, max_rounds=100):
+        """Take a collection of constraints, spit out the resolution result.
+
+        The return value is a representation to the final resolution result. It
+        is a tuple subclass with three public members:
+
+        * `mapping`: A dict of resolved candidates. Each key is an identifier
+            of a requirement (as returned by the provider's `identify` method),
+            and the value is the resolved candidate.
+        * `graph`: A `DirectedGraph` instance representing the dependency tree.
+            The vertices are keys of `mapping`, and each edge represents *why*
+            a particular package is included. A special vertex `None` is
+            included to represent parents of user-supplied requirements.
+        * `criteria`: A dict of "criteria" that hold detailed information on
+            how edges in the graph are derived. Each key is an identifier of a
+            requirement, and the value is a `Criterion` instance.
+
+        The following exceptions may be raised if a resolution cannot be found:
+
+        * `ResolutionImpossible`: A resolution cannot be found for the given
+            combination of requirements. The `causes` attribute of the
+            exception is a list of (requirement, parent), giving the
+            requirements that could not be satisfied.
+        * `ResolutionTooDeep`: The dependency tree is too deeply nested and
+            the resolver gave up. This is usually caused by a circular
+            dependency, but you can try to resolve this by increasing the
+            `max_rounds` argument.
+        """
+        resolution = Resolution(self.provider, self.reporter)
+        state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
+        return _build_result(state)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..359a34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import itertools
+
+from .compat import collections_abc
+
+
+class DirectedGraph(object):
+    """A graph structure with directed edges."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._vertices = set()
+        self._forwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
+        self._backwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._vertices)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._vertices)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._vertices
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a shallow copy of this graph."""
+        other = DirectedGraph()
+        other._vertices = set(self._vertices)
+        other._forwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._forwards.items()}
+        other._backwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._backwards.items()}
+        return other
+
+    def add(self, key):
+        """Add a new vertex to the graph."""
+        if key in self._vertices:
+            raise ValueError("vertex exists")
+        self._vertices.add(key)
+        self._forwards[key] = set()
+        self._backwards[key] = set()
+
+    def remove(self, key):
+        """Remove a vertex from the graph, disconnecting all edges from/to it."""
+        self._vertices.remove(key)
+        for f in self._forwards.pop(key):
+            self._backwards[f].remove(key)
+        for t in self._backwards.pop(key):
+            self._forwards[t].remove(key)
+
+    def connected(self, f, t):
+        return f in self._backwards[t] and t in self._forwards[f]
+
+    def connect(self, f, t):
+        """Connect two existing vertices.
+
+        Nothing happens if the vertices are already connected.
+        """
+        if t not in self._vertices:
+            raise KeyError(t)
+        self._forwards[f].add(t)
+        self._backwards[t].add(f)
+
+    def iter_edges(self):
+        for f, children in self._forwards.items():
+            for t in children:
+                yield f, t
+
+    def iter_children(self, key):
+        return iter(self._forwards[key])
+
+    def iter_parents(self, key):
+        return iter(self._backwards[key])
+
+
+class IteratorMapping(collections_abc.Mapping):
+    def __init__(self, mapping, accessor, appends=None):
+        self._mapping = mapping
+        self._accessor = accessor
+        self._appends = appends or {}
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "IteratorMapping({!r}, {!r}, {!r})".format(
+            self._mapping,
+            self._accessor,
+            self._appends,
+        )
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._mapping or self._appends)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._mapping or key in self._appends
+
+    def __getitem__(self, k):
+        try:
+            v = self._mapping[k]
+        except KeyError:
+            return iter(self._appends[k])
+        return itertools.chain(self._accessor(v), self._appends.get(k, ()))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        more = (k for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
+        return itertools.chain(self._mapping, more)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        more = sum(1 for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
+        return len(self._mapping) + more
+
+
+class _FactoryIterableView(object):
+    """Wrap an iterator factory returned by `find_matches()`.
+
+    Calling `iter()` on this class would invoke the underlying iterator
+    factory, making it a "collection with ordering" that can be iterated
+    through multiple times, but lacks random access methods presented in
+    built-in Python sequence types.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, factory):
+        self._factory = factory
+        self._iterable = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, list(self))
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        try:
+            next(iter(self))
+        except StopIteration:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        iterable = (
+            self._factory() if self._iterable is None else self._iterable
+        )
+        self._iterable, current = itertools.tee(iterable)
+        return current
+
+
+class _SequenceIterableView(object):
+    """Wrap an iterable returned by find_matches().
+
+    This is essentially just a proxy to the underlying sequence that provides
+    the same interface as `_FactoryIterableView`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sequence):
+        self._sequence = sequence
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, self._sequence)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._sequence)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._sequence)
+
+
+def build_iter_view(matches):
+    """Build an iterable view from the value returned by `find_matches()`."""
+    if callable(matches):
+        return _FactoryIterableView(matches)
+    if not isinstance(matches, collections_abc.Sequence):
+        matches = list(matches)
+    return _SequenceIterableView(matches)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73f58d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal."""
+
+import os
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from ._extension import load_ipython_extension  # noqa: F401
+
+__all__ = ["get_console", "reconfigure", "print", "inspect", "print_json"]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console
+
+# Global console used by alternative print
+_console: Optional["Console"] = None
+
+try:
+    _IMPORT_CWD = os.path.abspath(os.getcwd())
+except FileNotFoundError:
+    # Can happen if the cwd has been deleted
+    _IMPORT_CWD = ""
+
+
+def get_console() -> "Console":
+    """Get a global :class:`~rich.console.Console` instance. This function is used when Rich requires a Console,
+    and hasn't been explicitly given one.
+
+    Returns:
+        Console: A console instance.
+    """
+    global _console
+    if _console is None:
+        from .console import Console
+
+        _console = Console()
+
+    return _console
+
+
+def reconfigure(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Reconfigures the global console by replacing it with another.
+
+    Args:
+        *args (Any): Positional arguments for the replacement :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+        **kwargs (Any): Keyword arguments for the replacement :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    new_console = Console(*args, **kwargs)
+    _console = get_console()
+    _console.__dict__ = new_console.__dict__
+
+
+def print(
+    *objects: Any,
+    sep: str = " ",
+    end: str = "\n",
+    file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+    flush: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    r"""Print object(s) supplied via positional arguments.
+    This function has an identical signature to the built-in print.
+    For more advanced features, see the :class:`~rich.console.Console` class.
+
+    Args:
+        sep (str, optional): Separator between printed objects. Defaults to " ".
+        end (str, optional): Character to write at end of output. Defaults to "\\n".
+        file (IO[str], optional): File to write to, or None for stdout. Defaults to None.
+        flush (bool, optional): Has no effect as Rich always flushes output. Defaults to False.
+
+    """
+    from .console import Console
+
+    write_console = get_console() if file is None else Console(file=file)
+    return write_console.print(*objects, sep=sep, end=end)
+
+
+def print_json(
+    json: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    data: Any = None,
+    indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+    highlight: bool = True,
+    skip_keys: bool = False,
+    ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+    check_circular: bool = True,
+    allow_nan: bool = True,
+    default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+    sort_keys: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Pretty prints JSON. Output will be valid JSON.
+
+    Args:
+        json (str): A string containing JSON.
+        data (Any): If json is not supplied, then encode this data.
+        indent (int, optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 2.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting of output: Defaults to True.
+        skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+        ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+        check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+        allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+        default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+            in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    get_console().print_json(
+        json,
+        data=data,
+        indent=indent,
+        highlight=highlight,
+        skip_keys=skip_keys,
+        ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+        check_circular=check_circular,
+        allow_nan=allow_nan,
+        default=default,
+        sort_keys=sort_keys,
+    )
+
+
+def inspect(
+    obj: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    help: bool = False,
+    methods: bool = False,
+    docs: bool = True,
+    private: bool = False,
+    dunder: bool = False,
+    sort: bool = True,
+    all: bool = False,
+    value: bool = True,
+) -> None:
+    """Inspect any Python object.
+
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>) to see summarized info.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, methods=True) to see methods.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, help=True) to see full (non-abbreviated) help.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, private=True) to see private attributes (single underscore).
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, dunder=True) to see attributes beginning with double underscore.
+    * inspect(<OBJECT>, all=True) to see all attributes.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
+        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
+        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
+        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
+        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
+        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
+        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
+        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
+        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
+        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value. Defaults to True.
+    """
+    _console = console or get_console()
+    from pip._vendor.rich._inspect import Inspect
+
+    # Special case for inspect(inspect)
+    is_inspect = obj is inspect
+
+    _inspect = Inspect(
+        obj,
+        title=title,
+        help=is_inspect or help,
+        methods=is_inspect or methods,
+        docs=is_inspect or docs,
+        private=private,
+        dunder=dunder,
+        sort=sort,
+        all=all,
+        value=value,
+    )
+    _console.print(_inspect)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    print("Hello, **World**")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..270629f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+import colorsys
+import io
+from time import process_time
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import box
+from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions, Group, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from pip._vendor.rich.markdown import Markdown
+from pip._vendor.rich.measure import Measurement
+from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import Pretty
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+
+class ColorBox:
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        for y in range(0, 5):
+            for x in range(options.max_width):
+                h = x / options.max_width
+                l = 0.1 + ((y / 5) * 0.7)
+                r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
+                r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + 0.7 / 10, 1.0)
+                bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
+                color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
+                yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
+            yield Segment.line()
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement(1, options.max_width)
+
+
+def make_test_card() -> Table:
+    """Get a renderable that demonstrates a number of features."""
+    table = Table.grid(padding=1, pad_edge=True)
+    table.title = "Rich features"
+    table.add_column("Feature", no_wrap=True, justify="center", style="bold red")
+    table.add_column("Demonstration")
+
+    color_table = Table(
+        box=None,
+        expand=False,
+        show_header=False,
+        show_edge=False,
+        pad_edge=False,
+    )
+    color_table.add_row(
+        (
+            "✓ [bold green]4-bit color[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold blue]8-bit color[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold magenta]Truecolor (16.7 million)[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold yellow]Dumb terminals[/]\n"
+            "✓ [bold cyan]Automatic color conversion"
+        ),
+        ColorBox(),
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("Colors", color_table)
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "Styles",
+        "All ansi styles: [bold]bold[/], [dim]dim[/], [italic]italic[/italic], [underline]underline[/], [strike]strikethrough[/], [reverse]reverse[/], and even [blink]blink[/].",
+    )
+
+    lorem = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque in metus sed sapien ultricies pretium a at justo. Maecenas luctus velit et auctor maximus."
+    lorem_table = Table.grid(padding=1, collapse_padding=True)
+    lorem_table.pad_edge = False
+    lorem_table.add_row(
+        Text(lorem, justify="left", style="green"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="center", style="yellow"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="right", style="blue"),
+        Text(lorem, justify="full", style="red"),
+    )
+    table.add_row(
+        "Text",
+        Group(
+            Text.from_markup(
+                """Word wrap text. Justify [green]left[/], [yellow]center[/], [blue]right[/] or [red]full[/].\n"""
+            ),
+            lorem_table,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    def comparison(renderable1: RenderableType, renderable2: RenderableType) -> Table:
+        table = Table(show_header=False, pad_edge=False, box=None, expand=True)
+        table.add_column("1", ratio=1)
+        table.add_column("2", ratio=1)
+        table.add_row(renderable1, renderable2)
+        return table
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "Asian\nlanguage\nsupport",
+        ":flag_for_china:  该库支持中文，日文和韩文文本！\n:flag_for_japan:  ライブラリは中国語、日本語、韓国語のテキストをサポートしています\n:flag_for_south_korea:  이 라이브러리는 중국어, 일본어 및 한국어 텍스트를 지원합니다",
+    )
+
+    markup_example = (
+        "[bold magenta]Rich[/] supports a simple [i]bbcode[/i]-like [b]markup[/b] for [yellow]color[/], [underline]style[/], and emoji! "
+        ":+1: :apple: :ant: :bear: :baguette_bread: :bus: "
+    )
+    table.add_row("Markup", markup_example)
+
+    example_table = Table(
+        show_edge=False,
+        show_header=True,
+        expand=False,
+        row_styles=["none", "dim"],
+        box=box.SIMPLE,
+    )
+    example_table.add_column("[green]Date", style="green", no_wrap=True)
+    example_table.add_column("[blue]Title", style="blue")
+    example_table.add_column(
+        "[cyan]Production Budget",
+        style="cyan",
+        justify="right",
+        no_wrap=True,
+    )
+    example_table.add_column(
+        "[magenta]Box Office",
+        style="magenta",
+        justify="right",
+        no_wrap=True,
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "Dec 20, 2019",
+        "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker",
+        "$275,000,000",
+        "$375,126,118",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "May 25, 2018",
+        "[b]Solo[/]: A Star Wars Story",
+        "$275,000,000",
+        "$393,151,347",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "Dec 15, 2017",
+        "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",
+        "$262,000,000",
+        "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",
+    )
+    example_table.add_row(
+        "May 19, 1999",
+        "Star Wars Ep. [b]I[/b]: [i]The phantom Menace",
+        "$115,000,000",
+        "$1,027,044,677",
+    )
+
+    table.add_row("Tables", example_table)
+
+    code = '''\
+def iter_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value'''
+
+    pretty_data = {
+        "foo": [
+            3.1427,
+            (
+                "Paul Atreides",
+                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
+                "Thufir Hawat",
+            ),
+        ],
+        "atomic": (False, True, None),
+    }
+    table.add_row(
+        "Syntax\nhighlighting\n&\npretty\nprinting",
+        comparison(
+            Syntax(code, "python3", line_numbers=True, indent_guides=True),
+            Pretty(pretty_data, indent_guides=True),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    markdown_example = """\
+# Markdown
+
+Supports much of the *markdown* __syntax__!
+
+- Headers
+- Basic formatting: **bold**, *italic*, `code`
+- Block quotes
+- Lists, and more...
+    """
+    table.add_row(
+        "Markdown", comparison("[cyan]" + markdown_example, Markdown(markdown_example))
+    )
+
+    table.add_row(
+        "+more!",
+        """Progress bars, columns, styled logging handler, tracebacks, etc...""",
+    )
+    return table
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    console = Console(
+        file=io.StringIO(),
+        force_terminal=True,
+    )
+    test_card = make_test_card()
+
+    # Print once to warm cache
+    start = process_time()
+    console.print(test_card)
+    pre_cache_taken = round((process_time() - start) * 1000.0, 1)
+
+    console.file = io.StringIO()
+
+    start = process_time()
+    console.print(test_card)
+    taken = round((process_time() - start) * 1000.0, 1)
+
+    c = Console(record=True)
+    c.print(test_card)
+
+    print(f"rendered in {pre_cache_taken}ms (cold cache)")
+    print(f"rendered in {taken}ms (warm cache)")
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    sponsor_message = Table.grid(padding=1)
+    sponsor_message.add_column(style="green", justify="right")
+    sponsor_message.add_column(no_wrap=True)
+
+    sponsor_message.add_row(
+        "Textualize",
+        "[u blue link=https://github.com/textualize]https://github.com/textualize",
+    )
+    sponsor_message.add_row(
+        "Twitter",
+        "[u blue link=https://twitter.com/willmcgugan]https://twitter.com/willmcgugan",
+    )
+
+    intro_message = Text.from_markup(
+        """\
+We hope you enjoy using Rich!
+
+Rich is maintained with [red]:heart:[/] by [link=https://www.textualize.io]Textualize.io[/]
+
+- Will McGugan"""
+    )
+
+    message = Table.grid(padding=2)
+    message.add_column()
+    message.add_column(no_wrap=True)
+    message.add_row(intro_message, sponsor_message)
+
+    console.print(
+        Panel.fit(
+            message,
+            box=box.ROUNDED,
+            padding=(1, 2),
+            title="[b red]Thanks for trying out Rich!",
+            border_style="bright_blue",
+        ),
+        justify="center",
+    )
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+    (127488, 127490, 2),
+    (127504, 127547, 2),
+    (127552, 127560, 2),
+    (127568, 127569, 2),
+    (127584, 127589, 2),
+    (127744, 127776, 2),
+    (127789, 127797, 2),
+    (127799, 127868, 2),
+    (127870, 127891, 2),
+    (127904, 127946, 2),
+    (127951, 127955, 2),
+    (127968, 127984, 2),
+    (127988, 127988, 2),
+    (127992, 128062, 2),
+    (128064, 128064, 2),
+    (128066, 128252, 2),
+    (128255, 128317, 2),
+    (128331, 128334, 2),
+    (128336, 128359, 2),
+    (128378, 128378, 2),
+    (128405, 128406, 2),
+    (128420, 128420, 2),
+    (128507, 128591, 2),
+    (128640, 128709, 2),
+    (128716, 128716, 2),
+    (128720, 128722, 2),
+    (128725, 128727, 2),
+    (128747, 128748, 2),
+    (128756, 128764, 2),
+    (128992, 129003, 2),
+    (129292, 129338, 2),
+    (129340, 129349, 2),
+    (129351, 129400, 2),
+    (129402, 129483, 2),
+    (129485, 129535, 2),
+    (129648, 129652, 2),
+    (129656, 129658, 2),
+    (129664, 129670, 2),
+    (129680, 129704, 2),
+    (129712, 129718, 2),
+    (129728, 129730, 2),
+    (129744, 129750, 2),
+    (131072, 196605, 2),
+    (196608, 262141, 2),
+    (917760, 917999, 0),
+]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f2877b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_codes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3610 @@
+EMOJI = {
+    "1st_place_medal": "🥇",
+    "2nd_place_medal": "🥈",
+    "3rd_place_medal": "🥉",
+    "ab_button_(blood_type)": "🆎",
+    "atm_sign": "🏧",
+    "a_button_(blood_type)": "🅰",
+    "afghanistan": "🇦🇫",
+    "albania": "🇦🇱",
+    "algeria": "🇩🇿",
+    "american_samoa": "🇦🇸",
+    "andorra": "🇦🇩",
+    "angola": "🇦🇴",
+    "anguilla": "🇦🇮",
+    "antarctica": "🇦🇶",
+    "antigua_&_barbuda": "🇦🇬",
+    "aquarius": "♒",
+    "argentina": "🇦🇷",
+    "aries": "♈",
+    "armenia": "🇦🇲",
+    "aruba": "🇦🇼",
+    "ascension_island": "🇦🇨",
+    "australia": "🇦🇺",
+    "austria": "🇦🇹",
+    "azerbaijan": "🇦🇿",
+    "back_arrow": "🔙",
+    "b_button_(blood_type)": "🅱",
+    "bahamas": "🇧🇸",
+    "bahrain": "🇧🇭",
+    "bangladesh": "🇧🇩",
+    "barbados": "🇧🇧",
+    "belarus": "🇧🇾",
+    "belgium": "🇧🇪",
+    "belize": "🇧🇿",
+    "benin": "🇧🇯",
+    "bermuda": "🇧🇲",
+    "bhutan": "🇧🇹",
+    "bolivia": "🇧🇴",
+    "bosnia_&_herzegovina": "🇧🇦",
+    "botswana": "🇧🇼",
+    "bouvet_island": "🇧🇻",
+    "brazil": "🇧🇷",
+    "british_indian_ocean_territory": "🇮🇴",
+    "british_virgin_islands": "🇻🇬",
+    "brunei": "🇧🇳",
+    "bulgaria": "🇧🇬",
+    "burkina_faso": "🇧🇫",
+    "burundi": "🇧🇮",
+    "cl_button": "🆑",
+    "cool_button": "🆒",
+    "cambodia": "🇰🇭",
+    "cameroon": "🇨🇲",
+    "canada": "🇨🇦",
+    "canary_islands": "🇮🇨",
+    "cancer": "♋",
+    "cape_verde": "🇨🇻",
+    "capricorn": "♑",
+    "caribbean_netherlands": "🇧🇶",
+    "cayman_islands": "🇰🇾",
+    "central_african_republic": "🇨🇫",
+    "ceuta_&_melilla": "🇪🇦",
+    "chad": "🇹🇩",
+    "chile": "🇨🇱",
+    "china": "🇨🇳",
+    "christmas_island": "🇨🇽",
+    "christmas_tree": "🎄",
+    "clipperton_island": "🇨🇵",
+    "cocos_(keeling)_islands": "🇨🇨",
+    "colombia": "🇨🇴",
+    "comoros": "🇰🇲",
+    "congo_-_brazzaville": "🇨🇬",
+    "congo_-_kinshasa": "🇨🇩",
+    "cook_islands": "🇨🇰",
+    "costa_rica": "🇨🇷",
+    "croatia": "🇭🇷",
+    "cuba": "🇨🇺",
+    "curaçao": "🇨🇼",
+    "cyprus": "🇨🇾",
+    "czechia": "🇨🇿",
+    "côte_d’ivoire": "🇨🇮",
+    "denmark": "🇩🇰",
+    "diego_garcia": "🇩🇬",
+    "djibouti": "🇩🇯",
+    "dominica": "🇩🇲",
+    "dominican_republic": "🇩🇴",
+    "end_arrow": "🔚",
+    "ecuador": "🇪🇨",
+    "egypt": "🇪🇬",
+    "el_salvador": "🇸🇻",
+    "england": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0065\U000e006e\U000e0067\U000e007f",
+    "equatorial_guinea": "🇬🇶",
+    "eritrea": "🇪🇷",
+    "estonia": "🇪🇪",
+    "ethiopia": "🇪🇹",
+    "european_union": "🇪🇺",
+    "free_button": "🆓",
+    "falkland_islands": "🇫🇰",
+    "faroe_islands": "🇫🇴",
+    "fiji": "🇫🇯",
+    "finland": "🇫🇮",
+    "france": "🇫🇷",
+    "french_guiana": "🇬🇫",
+    "french_polynesia": "🇵🇫",
+    "french_southern_territories": "🇹🇫",
+    "gabon": "🇬🇦",
+    "gambia": "🇬🇲",
+    "gemini": "♊",
+    "georgia": "🇬🇪",
+    "germany": "🇩🇪",
+    "ghana": "🇬🇭",
+    "gibraltar": "🇬🇮",
+    "greece": "🇬🇷",
+    "greenland": "🇬🇱",
+    "grenada": "🇬🇩",
+    "guadeloupe": "🇬🇵",
+    "guam": "🇬🇺",
+    "guatemala": "🇬🇹",
+    "guernsey": "🇬🇬",
+    "guinea": "🇬🇳",
+    "guinea-bissau": "🇬🇼",
+    "guyana": "🇬🇾",
+    "haiti": "🇭🇹",
+    "heard_&_mcdonald_islands": "🇭🇲",
+    "honduras": "🇭🇳",
+    "hong_kong_sar_china": "🇭🇰",
+    "hungary": "🇭🇺",
+    "id_button": "🆔",
+    "iceland": "🇮🇸",
+    "india": "🇮🇳",
+    "indonesia": "🇮🇩",
+    "iran": "🇮🇷",
+    "iraq": "🇮🇶",
+    "ireland": "🇮🇪",
+    "isle_of_man": "🇮🇲",
+    "israel": "🇮🇱",
+    "italy": "🇮🇹",
+    "jamaica": "🇯🇲",
+    "japan": "🗾",
+    "japanese_acceptable_button": "🉑",
+    "japanese_application_button": "🈸",
+    "japanese_bargain_button": "🉐",
+    "japanese_castle": "🏯",
+    "japanese_congratulations_button": "㊗",
+    "japanese_discount_button": "🈹",
+    "japanese_dolls": "🎎",
+    "japanese_free_of_charge_button": "🈚",
+    "japanese_here_button": "🈁",
+    "japanese_monthly_amount_button": "🈷",
+    "japanese_no_vacancy_button": "🈵",
+    "japanese_not_free_of_charge_button": "🈶",
+    "japanese_open_for_business_button": "🈺",
+    "japanese_passing_grade_button": "🈴",
+    "japanese_post_office": "🏣",
+    "japanese_prohibited_button": "🈲",
+    "japanese_reserved_button": "🈯",
+    "japanese_secret_button": "㊙",
+    "japanese_service_charge_button": "🈂",
+    "japanese_symbol_for_beginner": "🔰",
+    "japanese_vacancy_button": "🈳",
+    "jersey": "🇯🇪",
+    "jordan": "🇯🇴",
+    "kazakhstan": "🇰🇿",
+    "kenya": "🇰🇪",
+    "kiribati": "🇰🇮",
+    "kosovo": "🇽🇰",
+    "kuwait": "🇰🇼",
+    "kyrgyzstan": "🇰🇬",
+    "laos": "🇱🇦",
+    "latvia": "🇱🇻",
+    "lebanon": "🇱🇧",
+    "leo": "♌",
+    "lesotho": "🇱🇸",
+    "liberia": "🇱🇷",
+    "libra": "♎",
+    "libya": "🇱🇾",
+    "liechtenstein": "🇱🇮",
+    "lithuania": "🇱🇹",
+    "luxembourg": "🇱🇺",
+    "macau_sar_china": "🇲🇴",
+    "macedonia": "🇲🇰",
+    "madagascar": "🇲🇬",
+    "malawi": "🇲🇼",
+    "malaysia": "🇲🇾",
+    "maldives": "🇲🇻",
+    "mali": "🇲🇱",
+    "malta": "🇲🇹",
+    "marshall_islands": "🇲🇭",
+    "martinique": "🇲🇶",
+    "mauritania": "🇲🇷",
+    "mauritius": "🇲🇺",
+    "mayotte": "🇾🇹",
+    "mexico": "🇲🇽",
+    "micronesia": "🇫🇲",
+    "moldova": "🇲🇩",
+    "monaco": "🇲🇨",
+    "mongolia": "🇲🇳",
+    "montenegro": "🇲🇪",
+    "montserrat": "🇲🇸",
+    "morocco": "🇲🇦",
+    "mozambique": "🇲🇿",
+    "mrs._claus": "🤶",
+    "mrs._claus_dark_skin_tone": "🤶🏿",
+    "mrs._claus_light_skin_tone": "🤶🏻",
+    "mrs._claus_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤶🏾",
+    "mrs._claus_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤶🏼",
+    "mrs._claus_medium_skin_tone": "🤶🏽",
+    "myanmar_(burma)": "🇲🇲",
+    "new_button": "🆕",
+    "ng_button": "🆖",
+    "namibia": "🇳🇦",
+    "nauru": "🇳🇷",
+    "nepal": "🇳🇵",
+    "netherlands": "🇳🇱",
+    "new_caledonia": "🇳🇨",
+    "new_zealand": "🇳🇿",
+    "nicaragua": "🇳🇮",
+    "niger": "🇳🇪",
+    "nigeria": "🇳🇬",
+    "niue": "🇳🇺",
+    "norfolk_island": "🇳🇫",
+    "north_korea": "🇰🇵",
+    "northern_mariana_islands": "🇲🇵",
+    "norway": "🇳🇴",
+    "ok_button": "🆗",
+    "ok_hand": "👌",
+    "ok_hand_dark_skin_tone": "👌🏿",
+    "ok_hand_light_skin_tone": "👌🏻",
+    "ok_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👌🏾",
+    "ok_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "👌🏼",
+    "ok_hand_medium_skin_tone": "👌🏽",
+    "on!_arrow": "🔛",
+    "o_button_(blood_type)": "🅾",
+    "oman": "🇴🇲",
+    "ophiuchus": "⛎",
+    "p_button": "🅿",
+    "pakistan": "🇵🇰",
+    "palau": "🇵🇼",
+    "palestinian_territories": "🇵🇸",
+    "panama": "🇵🇦",
+    "papua_new_guinea": "🇵🇬",
+    "paraguay": "🇵🇾",
+    "peru": "🇵🇪",
+    "philippines": "🇵🇭",
+    "pisces": "♓",
+    "pitcairn_islands": "🇵🇳",
+    "poland": "🇵🇱",
+    "portugal": "🇵🇹",
+    "puerto_rico": "🇵🇷",
+    "qatar": "🇶🇦",
+    "romania": "🇷🇴",
+    "russia": "🇷🇺",
+    "rwanda": "🇷🇼",
+    "réunion": "🇷🇪",
+    "soon_arrow": "🔜",
+    "sos_button": "🆘",
+    "sagittarius": "♐",
+    "samoa": "🇼🇸",
+    "san_marino": "🇸🇲",
+    "santa_claus": "🎅",
+    "santa_claus_dark_skin_tone": "🎅🏿",
+    "santa_claus_light_skin_tone": "🎅🏻",
+    "santa_claus_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🎅🏾",
+    "santa_claus_medium-light_skin_tone": "🎅🏼",
+    "santa_claus_medium_skin_tone": "🎅🏽",
+    "saudi_arabia": "🇸🇦",
+    "scorpio": "♏",
+    "scotland": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0073\U000e0063\U000e0074\U000e007f",
+    "senegal": "🇸🇳",
+    "serbia": "🇷🇸",
+    "seychelles": "🇸🇨",
+    "sierra_leone": "🇸🇱",
+    "singapore": "🇸🇬",
+    "sint_maarten": "🇸🇽",
+    "slovakia": "🇸🇰",
+    "slovenia": "🇸🇮",
+    "solomon_islands": "🇸🇧",
+    "somalia": "🇸🇴",
+    "south_africa": "🇿🇦",
+    "south_georgia_&_south_sandwich_islands": "🇬🇸",
+    "south_korea": "🇰🇷",
+    "south_sudan": "🇸🇸",
+    "spain": "🇪🇸",
+    "sri_lanka": "🇱🇰",
+    "st._barthélemy": "🇧🇱",
+    "st._helena": "🇸🇭",
+    "st._kitts_&_nevis": "🇰🇳",
+    "st._lucia": "🇱🇨",
+    "st._martin": "🇲🇫",
+    "st._pierre_&_miquelon": "🇵🇲",
+    "st._vincent_&_grenadines": "🇻🇨",
+    "statue_of_liberty": "🗽",
+    "sudan": "🇸🇩",
+    "suriname": "🇸🇷",
+    "svalbard_&_jan_mayen": "🇸🇯",
+    "swaziland": "🇸🇿",
+    "sweden": "🇸🇪",
+    "switzerland": "🇨🇭",
+    "syria": "🇸🇾",
+    "são_tomé_&_príncipe": "🇸🇹",
+    "t-rex": "🦖",
+    "top_arrow": "🔝",
+    "taiwan": "🇹🇼",
+    "tajikistan": "🇹🇯",
+    "tanzania": "🇹🇿",
+    "taurus": "♉",
+    "thailand": "🇹🇭",
+    "timor-leste": "🇹🇱",
+    "togo": "🇹🇬",
+    "tokelau": "🇹🇰",
+    "tokyo_tower": "🗼",
+    "tonga": "🇹🇴",
+    "trinidad_&_tobago": "🇹🇹",
+    "tristan_da_cunha": "🇹🇦",
+    "tunisia": "🇹🇳",
+    "turkey": "🦃",
+    "turkmenistan": "🇹🇲",
+    "turks_&_caicos_islands": "🇹🇨",
+    "tuvalu": "🇹🇻",
+    "u.s._outlying_islands": "🇺🇲",
+    "u.s._virgin_islands": "🇻🇮",
+    "up!_button": "🆙",
+    "uganda": "🇺🇬",
+    "ukraine": "🇺🇦",
+    "united_arab_emirates": "🇦🇪",
+    "united_kingdom": "🇬🇧",
+    "united_nations": "🇺🇳",
+    "united_states": "🇺🇸",
+    "uruguay": "🇺🇾",
+    "uzbekistan": "🇺🇿",
+    "vs_button": "🆚",
+    "vanuatu": "🇻🇺",
+    "vatican_city": "🇻🇦",
+    "venezuela": "🇻🇪",
+    "vietnam": "🇻🇳",
+    "virgo": "♍",
+    "wales": "🏴\U000e0067\U000e0062\U000e0077\U000e006c\U000e0073\U000e007f",
+    "wallis_&_futuna": "🇼🇫",
+    "western_sahara": "🇪🇭",
+    "yemen": "🇾🇪",
+    "zambia": "🇿🇲",
+    "zimbabwe": "🇿🇼",
+    "abacus": "🧮",
+    "adhesive_bandage": "🩹",
+    "admission_tickets": "🎟",
+    "adult": "🧑",
+    "adult_dark_skin_tone": "🧑🏿",
+    "adult_light_skin_tone": "🧑🏻",
+    "adult_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧑🏾",
+    "adult_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧑🏼",
+    "adult_medium_skin_tone": "🧑🏽",
+    "aerial_tramway": "🚡",
+    "airplane": "✈",
+    "airplane_arrival": "🛬",
+    "airplane_departure": "🛫",
+    "alarm_clock": "⏰",
+    "alembic": "⚗",
+    "alien": "👽",
+    "alien_monster": "👾",
+    "ambulance": "🚑",
+    "american_football": "🏈",
+    "amphora": "🏺",
+    "anchor": "⚓",
+    "anger_symbol": "💢",
+    "angry_face": "😠",
+    "angry_face_with_horns": "👿",
+    "anguished_face": "😧",
+    "ant": "🐜",
+    "antenna_bars": "📶",
+    "anxious_face_with_sweat": "😰",
+    "articulated_lorry": "🚛",
+    "artist_palette": "🎨",
+    "astonished_face": "😲",
+    "atom_symbol": "⚛",
+    "auto_rickshaw": "🛺",
+    "automobile": "🚗",
+    "avocado": "🥑",
+    "axe": "🪓",
+    "baby": "👶",
+    "baby_angel": "👼",
+    "baby_angel_dark_skin_tone": "👼🏿",
+    "baby_angel_light_skin_tone": "👼🏻",
+    "baby_angel_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👼🏾",
+    "baby_angel_medium-light_skin_tone": "👼🏼",
+    "baby_angel_medium_skin_tone": "👼🏽",
+    "baby_bottle": "🍼",
+    "baby_chick": "🐤",
+    "baby_dark_skin_tone": "👶🏿",
+    "baby_light_skin_tone": "👶🏻",
+    "baby_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👶🏾",
+    "baby_medium-light_skin_tone": "👶🏼",
+    "baby_medium_skin_tone": "👶🏽",
+    "baby_symbol": "🚼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down": "👇",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_dark_skin_tone": "👇🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_light_skin_tone": "👇🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👇🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium-light_skin_tone": "👇🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_down_medium_skin_tone": "👇🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left": "👈",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_dark_skin_tone": "👈🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_light_skin_tone": "👈🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👈🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium-light_skin_tone": "👈🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_left_medium_skin_tone": "👈🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right": "👉",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_dark_skin_tone": "👉🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_light_skin_tone": "👉🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👉🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium-light_skin_tone": "👉🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_right_medium_skin_tone": "👉🏽",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up": "👆",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_dark_skin_tone": "👆🏿",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_light_skin_tone": "👆🏻",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👆🏾",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "👆🏼",
+    "backhand_index_pointing_up_medium_skin_tone": "👆🏽",
+    "bacon": "🥓",
+    "badger": "🦡",
+    "badminton": "🏸",
+    "bagel": "🥯",
+    "baggage_claim": "🛄",
+    "baguette_bread": "🥖",
+    "balance_scale": "⚖",
+    "bald": "🦲",
+    "bald_man": "👨\u200d🦲",
+    "bald_woman": "👩\u200d🦲",
+    "ballet_shoes": "🩰",
+    "balloon": "🎈",
+    "ballot_box_with_ballot": "🗳",
+    "ballot_box_with_check": "☑",
+    "banana": "🍌",
+    "banjo": "🪕",
+    "bank": "🏦",
+    "bar_chart": "📊",
+    "barber_pole": "💈",
+    "baseball": "⚾",
+    "basket": "🧺",
+    "basketball": "🏀",
+    "bat": "🦇",
+    "bathtub": "🛁",
+    "battery": "🔋",
+    "beach_with_umbrella": "🏖",
+    "beaming_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😁",
+    "bear_face": "🐻",
+    "bearded_person": "🧔",
+    "bearded_person_dark_skin_tone": "🧔🏿",
+    "bearded_person_light_skin_tone": "🧔🏻",
+    "bearded_person_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧔🏾",
+    "bearded_person_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧔🏼",
+    "bearded_person_medium_skin_tone": "🧔🏽",
+    "beating_heart": "💓",
+    "bed": "🛏",
+    "beer_mug": "🍺",
+    "bell": "🔔",
+    "bell_with_slash": "🔕",
+    "bellhop_bell": "🛎",
+    "bento_box": "🍱",
+    "beverage_box": "🧃",
+    "bicycle": "🚲",
+    "bikini": "👙",
+    "billed_cap": "🧢",
+    "biohazard": "☣",
+    "bird": "🐦",
+    "birthday_cake": "🎂",
+    "black_circle": "⚫",
+    "black_flag": "🏴",
+    "black_heart": "🖤",
+    "black_large_square": "⬛",
+    "black_medium-small_square": "◾",
+    "black_medium_square": "◼",
+    "black_nib": "✒",
+    "black_small_square": "▪",
+    "black_square_button": "🔲",
+    "blond-haired_man": "👱\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_man_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "blond-haired_person": "👱",
+    "blond-haired_person_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿",
+    "blond-haired_person_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼",
+    "blond-haired_person_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽",
+    "blond-haired_woman": "👱\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_dark_skin_tone": "👱🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_light_skin_tone": "👱🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👱🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👱🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "blond-haired_woman_medium_skin_tone": "👱🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "blossom": "🌼",
+    "blowfish": "🐡",
+    "blue_book": "📘",
+    "blue_circle": "🔵",
+    "blue_heart": "💙",
+    "blue_square": "🟦",
+    "boar": "🐗",
+    "bomb": "💣",
+    "bone": "🦴",
+    "bookmark": "🔖",
+    "bookmark_tabs": "📑",
+    "books": "📚",
+    "bottle_with_popping_cork": "🍾",
+    "bouquet": "💐",
+    "bow_and_arrow": "🏹",
+    "bowl_with_spoon": "🥣",
+    "bowling": "🎳",
+    "boxing_glove": "🥊",
+    "boy": "👦",
+    "boy_dark_skin_tone": "👦🏿",
+    "boy_light_skin_tone": "👦🏻",
+    "boy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👦🏾",
+    "boy_medium-light_skin_tone": "👦🏼",
+    "boy_medium_skin_tone": "👦🏽",
+    "brain": "🧠",
+    "bread": "🍞",
+    "breast-feeding": "🤱",
+    "breast-feeding_dark_skin_tone": "🤱🏿",
+    "breast-feeding_light_skin_tone": "🤱🏻",
+    "breast-feeding_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤱🏾",
+    "breast-feeding_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤱🏼",
+    "breast-feeding_medium_skin_tone": "🤱🏽",
+    "brick": "🧱",
+    "bride_with_veil": "👰",
+    "bride_with_veil_dark_skin_tone": "👰🏿",
+    "bride_with_veil_light_skin_tone": "👰🏻",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👰🏾",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium-light_skin_tone": "👰🏼",
+    "bride_with_veil_medium_skin_tone": "👰🏽",
+    "bridge_at_night": "🌉",
+    "briefcase": "💼",
+    "briefs": "🩲",
+    "bright_button": "🔆",
+    "broccoli": "🥦",
+    "broken_heart": "💔",
+    "broom": "🧹",
+    "brown_circle": "🟤",
+    "brown_heart": "🤎",
+    "brown_square": "🟫",
+    "bug": "🐛",
+    "building_construction": "🏗",
+    "bullet_train": "🚅",
+    "burrito": "🌯",
+    "bus": "🚌",
+    "bus_stop": "🚏",
+    "bust_in_silhouette": "👤",
+    "busts_in_silhouette": "👥",
+    "butter": "🧈",
+    "butterfly": "🦋",
+    "cactus": "🌵",
+    "calendar": "📆",
+    "call_me_hand": "🤙",
+    "call_me_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🤙🏿",
+    "call_me_hand_light_skin_tone": "🤙🏻",
+    "call_me_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤙🏾",
+    "call_me_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤙🏼",
+    "call_me_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🤙🏽",
+    "camel": "🐫",
+    "camera": "📷",
+    "camera_with_flash": "📸",
+    "camping": "🏕",
+    "candle": "🕯",
+    "candy": "🍬",
+    "canned_food": "🥫",
+    "canoe": "🛶",
+    "card_file_box": "🗃",
+    "card_index": "📇",
+    "card_index_dividers": "🗂",
+    "carousel_horse": "🎠",
+    "carp_streamer": "🎏",
+    "carrot": "🥕",
+    "castle": "🏰",
+    "cat": "🐱",
+    "cat_face": "🐱",
+    "cat_face_with_tears_of_joy": "😹",
+    "cat_face_with_wry_smile": "😼",
+    "chains": "⛓",
+    "chair": "🪑",
+    "chart_decreasing": "📉",
+    "chart_increasing": "📈",
+    "chart_increasing_with_yen": "💹",
+    "cheese_wedge": "🧀",
+    "chequered_flag": "🏁",
+    "cherries": "🍒",
+    "cherry_blossom": "🌸",
+    "chess_pawn": "♟",
+    "chestnut": "🌰",
+    "chicken": "🐔",
+    "child": "🧒",
+    "child_dark_skin_tone": "🧒🏿",
+    "child_light_skin_tone": "🧒🏻",
+    "child_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧒🏾",
+    "child_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧒🏼",
+    "child_medium_skin_tone": "🧒🏽",
+    "children_crossing": "🚸",
+    "chipmunk": "🐿",
+    "chocolate_bar": "🍫",
+    "chopsticks": "🥢",
+    "church": "⛪",
+    "cigarette": "🚬",
+    "cinema": "🎦",
+    "circled_m": "Ⓜ",
+    "circus_tent": "🎪",
+    "cityscape": "🏙",
+    "cityscape_at_dusk": "🌆",
+    "clamp": "🗜",
+    "clapper_board": "🎬",
+    "clapping_hands": "👏",
+    "clapping_hands_dark_skin_tone": "👏🏿",
+    "clapping_hands_light_skin_tone": "👏🏻",
+    "clapping_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👏🏾",
+    "clapping_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "👏🏼",
+    "clapping_hands_medium_skin_tone": "👏🏽",
+    "classical_building": "🏛",
+    "clinking_beer_mugs": "🍻",
+    "clinking_glasses": "🥂",
+    "clipboard": "📋",
+    "clockwise_vertical_arrows": "🔃",
+    "closed_book": "📕",
+    "closed_mailbox_with_lowered_flag": "📪",
+    "closed_mailbox_with_raised_flag": "📫",
+    "closed_umbrella": "🌂",
+    "cloud": "☁",
+    "cloud_with_lightning": "🌩",
+    "cloud_with_lightning_and_rain": "⛈",
+    "cloud_with_rain": "🌧",
+    "cloud_with_snow": "🌨",
+    "clown_face": "🤡",
+    "club_suit": "♣",
+    "clutch_bag": "👝",
+    "coat": "🧥",
+    "cocktail_glass": "🍸",
+    "coconut": "🥥",
+    "coffin": "⚰",
+    "cold_face": "🥶",
+    "collision": "💥",
+    "comet": "☄",
+    "compass": "🧭",
+    "computer_disk": "💽",
+    "computer_mouse": "🖱",
+    "confetti_ball": "🎊",
+    "confounded_face": "😖",
+    "confused_face": "😕",
+    "construction": "🚧",
+    "construction_worker": "👷",
+    "construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿",
+    "construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻",
+    "construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾",
+    "construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼",
+    "construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽",
+    "control_knobs": "🎛",
+    "convenience_store": "🏪",
+    "cooked_rice": "🍚",
+    "cookie": "🍪",
+    "cooking": "🍳",
+    "copyright": "©",
+    "couch_and_lamp": "🛋",
+    "counterclockwise_arrows_button": "🔄",
+    "couple_with_heart": "💑",
+    "couple_with_heart_man_man": "👨\u200d❤️\u200d👨",
+    "couple_with_heart_woman_man": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d👨",
+    "couple_with_heart_woman_woman": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d👩",
+    "cow": "🐮",
+    "cow_face": "🐮",
+    "cowboy_hat_face": "🤠",
+    "crab": "🦀",
+    "crayon": "🖍",
+    "credit_card": "💳",
+    "crescent_moon": "🌙",
+    "cricket": "🦗",
+    "cricket_game": "🏏",
+    "crocodile": "🐊",
+    "croissant": "🥐",
+    "cross_mark": "❌",
+    "cross_mark_button": "❎",
+    "crossed_fingers": "🤞",
+    "crossed_fingers_dark_skin_tone": "🤞🏿",
+    "crossed_fingers_light_skin_tone": "🤞🏻",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤞🏾",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤞🏼",
+    "crossed_fingers_medium_skin_tone": "🤞🏽",
+    "crossed_flags": "🎌",
+    "crossed_swords": "⚔",
+    "crown": "👑",
+    "crying_cat_face": "😿",
+    "crying_face": "😢",
+    "crystal_ball": "🔮",
+    "cucumber": "🥒",
+    "cupcake": "🧁",
+    "cup_with_straw": "🥤",
+    "curling_stone": "🥌",
+    "curly_hair": "🦱",
+    "curly-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦱",
+    "curly-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦱",
+    "curly_loop": "➰",
+    "currency_exchange": "💱",
+    "curry_rice": "🍛",
+    "custard": "🍮",
+    "customs": "🛃",
+    "cut_of_meat": "🥩",
+    "cyclone": "🌀",
+    "dagger": "🗡",
+    "dango": "🍡",
+    "dashing_away": "💨",
+    "deaf_person": "🧏",
+    "deciduous_tree": "🌳",
+    "deer": "🦌",
+    "delivery_truck": "🚚",
+    "department_store": "🏬",
+    "derelict_house": "🏚",
+    "desert": "🏜",
+    "desert_island": "🏝",
+    "desktop_computer": "🖥",
+    "detective": "🕵",
+    "detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿",
+    "detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻",
+    "detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾",
+    "detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼",
+    "detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽",
+    "diamond_suit": "♦",
+    "diamond_with_a_dot": "💠",
+    "dim_button": "🔅",
+    "direct_hit": "🎯",
+    "disappointed_face": "😞",
+    "diving_mask": "🤿",
+    "diya_lamp": "🪔",
+    "dizzy": "💫",
+    "dizzy_face": "😵",
+    "dna": "🧬",
+    "dog": "🐶",
+    "dog_face": "🐶",
+    "dollar_banknote": "💵",
+    "dolphin": "🐬",
+    "door": "🚪",
+    "dotted_six-pointed_star": "🔯",
+    "double_curly_loop": "➿",
+    "double_exclamation_mark": "‼",
+    "doughnut": "🍩",
+    "dove": "🕊",
+    "down-left_arrow": "↙",
+    "down-right_arrow": "↘",
+    "down_arrow": "⬇",
+    "downcast_face_with_sweat": "😓",
+    "downwards_button": "🔽",
+    "dragon": "🐉",
+    "dragon_face": "🐲",
+    "dress": "👗",
+    "drooling_face": "🤤",
+    "drop_of_blood": "🩸",
+    "droplet": "💧",
+    "drum": "🥁",
+    "duck": "🦆",
+    "dumpling": "🥟",
+    "dvd": "📀",
+    "e-mail": "📧",
+    "eagle": "🦅",
+    "ear": "👂",
+    "ear_dark_skin_tone": "👂🏿",
+    "ear_light_skin_tone": "👂🏻",
+    "ear_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👂🏾",
+    "ear_medium-light_skin_tone": "👂🏼",
+    "ear_medium_skin_tone": "👂🏽",
+    "ear_of_corn": "🌽",
+    "ear_with_hearing_aid": "🦻",
+    "egg": "🍳",
+    "eggplant": "🍆",
+    "eight-pointed_star": "✴",
+    "eight-spoked_asterisk": "✳",
+    "eight-thirty": "🕣",
+    "eight_o’clock": "🕗",
+    "eject_button": "⏏",
+    "electric_plug": "🔌",
+    "elephant": "🐘",
+    "eleven-thirty": "🕦",
+    "eleven_o’clock": "🕚",
+    "elf": "🧝",
+    "elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿",
+    "elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻",
+    "elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾",
+    "elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼",
+    "elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽",
+    "envelope": "✉",
+    "envelope_with_arrow": "📩",
+    "euro_banknote": "💶",
+    "evergreen_tree": "🌲",
+    "ewe": "🐑",
+    "exclamation_mark": "❗",
+    "exclamation_question_mark": "⁉",
+    "exploding_head": "🤯",
+    "expressionless_face": "😑",
+    "eye": "👁",
+    "eye_in_speech_bubble": "👁️\u200d🗨️",
+    "eyes": "👀",
+    "face_blowing_a_kiss": "😘",
+    "face_savoring_food": "😋",
+    "face_screaming_in_fear": "😱",
+    "face_vomiting": "🤮",
+    "face_with_hand_over_mouth": "🤭",
+    "face_with_head-bandage": "🤕",
+    "face_with_medical_mask": "😷",
+    "face_with_monocle": "🧐",
+    "face_with_open_mouth": "😮",
+    "face_with_raised_eyebrow": "🤨",
+    "face_with_rolling_eyes": "🙄",
+    "face_with_steam_from_nose": "😤",
+    "face_with_symbols_on_mouth": "🤬",
+    "face_with_tears_of_joy": "😂",
+    "face_with_thermometer": "🤒",
+    "face_with_tongue": "😛",
+    "face_without_mouth": "😶",
+    "factory": "🏭",
+    "fairy": "🧚",
+    "fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿",
+    "fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻",
+    "fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾",
+    "fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼",
+    "fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽",
+    "falafel": "🧆",
+    "fallen_leaf": "🍂",
+    "family": "👪",
+    "family_man_boy": "👨\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_girl": "👨\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_man_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_girl": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_man_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_man_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👨\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_woman_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_boy_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_girl": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_man_woman_girl_boy": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_man_woman_girl_girl": "👨\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_boy": "👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_boy_boy": "👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_girl": "👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_girl_boy": "👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_girl_girl": "👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_woman_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_boy_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👦\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl_boy": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👦",
+    "family_woman_woman_girl_girl": "👩\u200d👩\u200d👧\u200d👧",
+    "fast-forward_button": "⏩",
+    "fast_down_button": "⏬",
+    "fast_reverse_button": "⏪",
+    "fast_up_button": "⏫",
+    "fax_machine": "📠",
+    "fearful_face": "😨",
+    "female_sign": "♀",
+    "ferris_wheel": "🎡",
+    "ferry": "⛴",
+    "field_hockey": "🏑",
+    "file_cabinet": "🗄",
+    "file_folder": "📁",
+    "film_frames": "🎞",
+    "film_projector": "📽",
+    "fire": "🔥",
+    "fire_extinguisher": "🧯",
+    "firecracker": "🧨",
+    "fire_engine": "🚒",
+    "fireworks": "🎆",
+    "first_quarter_moon": "🌓",
+    "first_quarter_moon_face": "🌛",
+    "fish": "🐟",
+    "fish_cake_with_swirl": "🍥",
+    "fishing_pole": "🎣",
+    "five-thirty": "🕠",
+    "five_o’clock": "🕔",
+    "flag_in_hole": "⛳",
+    "flamingo": "🦩",
+    "flashlight": "🔦",
+    "flat_shoe": "🥿",
+    "fleur-de-lis": "⚜",
+    "flexed_biceps": "💪",
+    "flexed_biceps_dark_skin_tone": "💪🏿",
+    "flexed_biceps_light_skin_tone": "💪🏻",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💪🏾",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium-light_skin_tone": "💪🏼",
+    "flexed_biceps_medium_skin_tone": "💪🏽",
+    "floppy_disk": "💾",
+    "flower_playing_cards": "🎴",
+    "flushed_face": "😳",
+    "flying_disc": "🥏",
+    "flying_saucer": "🛸",
+    "fog": "🌫",
+    "foggy": "🌁",
+    "folded_hands": "🙏",
+    "folded_hands_dark_skin_tone": "🙏🏿",
+    "folded_hands_light_skin_tone": "🙏🏻",
+    "folded_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙏🏾",
+    "folded_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙏🏼",
+    "folded_hands_medium_skin_tone": "🙏🏽",
+    "foot": "🦶",
+    "footprints": "👣",
+    "fork_and_knife": "🍴",
+    "fork_and_knife_with_plate": "🍽",
+    "fortune_cookie": "🥠",
+    "fountain": "⛲",
+    "fountain_pen": "🖋",
+    "four-thirty": "🕟",
+    "four_leaf_clover": "🍀",
+    "four_o’clock": "🕓",
+    "fox_face": "🦊",
+    "framed_picture": "🖼",
+    "french_fries": "🍟",
+    "fried_shrimp": "🍤",
+    "frog_face": "🐸",
+    "front-facing_baby_chick": "🐥",
+    "frowning_face": "☹",
+    "frowning_face_with_open_mouth": "😦",
+    "fuel_pump": "⛽",
+    "full_moon": "🌕",
+    "full_moon_face": "🌝",
+    "funeral_urn": "⚱",
+    "game_die": "🎲",
+    "garlic": "🧄",
+    "gear": "⚙",
+    "gem_stone": "💎",
+    "genie": "🧞",
+    "ghost": "👻",
+    "giraffe": "🦒",
+    "girl": "👧",
+    "girl_dark_skin_tone": "👧🏿",
+    "girl_light_skin_tone": "👧🏻",
+    "girl_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👧🏾",
+    "girl_medium-light_skin_tone": "👧🏼",
+    "girl_medium_skin_tone": "👧🏽",
+    "glass_of_milk": "🥛",
+    "glasses": "👓",
+    "globe_showing_americas": "🌎",
+    "globe_showing_asia-australia": "🌏",
+    "globe_showing_europe-africa": "🌍",
+    "globe_with_meridians": "🌐",
+    "gloves": "🧤",
+    "glowing_star": "🌟",
+    "goal_net": "🥅",
+    "goat": "🐐",
+    "goblin": "👺",
+    "goggles": "🥽",
+    "gorilla": "🦍",
+    "graduation_cap": "🎓",
+    "grapes": "🍇",
+    "green_apple": "🍏",
+    "green_book": "📗",
+    "green_circle": "🟢",
+    "green_heart": "💚",
+    "green_salad": "🥗",
+    "green_square": "🟩",
+    "grimacing_face": "😬",
+    "grinning_cat_face": "😺",
+    "grinning_cat_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😸",
+    "grinning_face": "😀",
+    "grinning_face_with_big_eyes": "😃",
+    "grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😄",
+    "grinning_face_with_sweat": "😅",
+    "grinning_squinting_face": "😆",
+    "growing_heart": "💗",
+    "guard": "💂",
+    "guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿",
+    "guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻",
+    "guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾",
+    "guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼",
+    "guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽",
+    "guide_dog": "🦮",
+    "guitar": "🎸",
+    "hamburger": "🍔",
+    "hammer": "🔨",
+    "hammer_and_pick": "⚒",
+    "hammer_and_wrench": "🛠",
+    "hamster_face": "🐹",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed": "🖐",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_dark_skin_tone": "🖐🏿",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_light_skin_tone": "🖐🏻",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖐🏾",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖐🏼",
+    "hand_with_fingers_splayed_medium_skin_tone": "🖐🏽",
+    "handbag": "👜",
+    "handshake": "🤝",
+    "hatching_chick": "🐣",
+    "headphone": "🎧",
+    "hear-no-evil_monkey": "🙉",
+    "heart_decoration": "💟",
+    "heart_suit": "♥",
+    "heart_with_arrow": "💘",
+    "heart_with_ribbon": "💝",
+    "heavy_check_mark": "✔",
+    "heavy_division_sign": "➗",
+    "heavy_dollar_sign": "💲",
+    "heavy_heart_exclamation": "❣",
+    "heavy_large_circle": "⭕",
+    "heavy_minus_sign": "➖",
+    "heavy_multiplication_x": "✖",
+    "heavy_plus_sign": "➕",
+    "hedgehog": "🦔",
+    "helicopter": "🚁",
+    "herb": "🌿",
+    "hibiscus": "🌺",
+    "high-heeled_shoe": "👠",
+    "high-speed_train": "🚄",
+    "high_voltage": "⚡",
+    "hiking_boot": "🥾",
+    "hindu_temple": "🛕",
+    "hippopotamus": "🦛",
+    "hole": "🕳",
+    "honey_pot": "🍯",
+    "honeybee": "🐝",
+    "horizontal_traffic_light": "🚥",
+    "horse": "🐴",
+    "horse_face": "🐴",
+    "horse_racing": "🏇",
+    "horse_racing_dark_skin_tone": "🏇🏿",
+    "horse_racing_light_skin_tone": "🏇🏻",
+    "horse_racing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏇🏾",
+    "horse_racing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏇🏼",
+    "horse_racing_medium_skin_tone": "🏇🏽",
+    "hospital": "🏥",
+    "hot_beverage": "☕",
+    "hot_dog": "🌭",
+    "hot_face": "🥵",
+    "hot_pepper": "🌶",
+    "hot_springs": "♨",
+    "hotel": "🏨",
+    "hourglass_done": "⌛",
+    "hourglass_not_done": "⏳",
+    "house": "🏠",
+    "house_with_garden": "🏡",
+    "houses": "🏘",
+    "hugging_face": "🤗",
+    "hundred_points": "💯",
+    "hushed_face": "😯",
+    "ice": "🧊",
+    "ice_cream": "🍨",
+    "ice_hockey": "🏒",
+    "ice_skate": "⛸",
+    "inbox_tray": "📥",
+    "incoming_envelope": "📨",
+    "index_pointing_up": "☝",
+    "index_pointing_up_dark_skin_tone": "☝🏿",
+    "index_pointing_up_light_skin_tone": "☝🏻",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "☝🏾",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "☝🏼",
+    "index_pointing_up_medium_skin_tone": "☝🏽",
+    "infinity": "♾",
+    "information": "ℹ",
+    "input_latin_letters": "🔤",
+    "input_latin_lowercase": "🔡",
+    "input_latin_uppercase": "🔠",
+    "input_numbers": "🔢",
+    "input_symbols": "🔣",
+    "jack-o-lantern": "🎃",
+    "jeans": "👖",
+    "jigsaw": "🧩",
+    "joker": "🃏",
+    "joystick": "🕹",
+    "kaaba": "🕋",
+    "kangaroo": "🦘",
+    "key": "🔑",
+    "keyboard": "⌨",
+    "keycap_#": "#️⃣",
+    "keycap_*": "*️⃣",
+    "keycap_0": "0️⃣",
+    "keycap_1": "1️⃣",
+    "keycap_10": "🔟",
+    "keycap_2": "2️⃣",
+    "keycap_3": "3️⃣",
+    "keycap_4": "4️⃣",
+    "keycap_5": "5️⃣",
+    "keycap_6": "6️⃣",
+    "keycap_7": "7️⃣",
+    "keycap_8": "8️⃣",
+    "keycap_9": "9️⃣",
+    "kick_scooter": "🛴",
+    "kimono": "👘",
+    "kiss": "💋",
+    "kiss_man_man": "👨\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👨",
+    "kiss_mark": "💋",
+    "kiss_woman_man": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👨",
+    "kiss_woman_woman": "👩\u200d❤️\u200d💋\u200d👩",
+    "kissing_cat_face": "😽",
+    "kissing_face": "😗",
+    "kissing_face_with_closed_eyes": "😚",
+    "kissing_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😙",
+    "kitchen_knife": "🔪",
+    "kite": "🪁",
+    "kiwi_fruit": "🥝",
+    "koala": "🐨",
+    "lab_coat": "🥼",
+    "label": "🏷",
+    "lacrosse": "🥍",
+    "lady_beetle": "🐞",
+    "laptop_computer": "💻",
+    "large_blue_diamond": "🔷",
+    "large_orange_diamond": "🔶",
+    "last_quarter_moon": "🌗",
+    "last_quarter_moon_face": "🌜",
+    "last_track_button": "⏮",
+    "latin_cross": "✝",
+    "leaf_fluttering_in_wind": "🍃",
+    "leafy_green": "🥬",
+    "ledger": "📒",
+    "left-facing_fist": "🤛",
+    "left-facing_fist_dark_skin_tone": "🤛🏿",
+    "left-facing_fist_light_skin_tone": "🤛🏻",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤛🏾",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤛🏼",
+    "left-facing_fist_medium_skin_tone": "🤛🏽",
+    "left-right_arrow": "↔",
+    "left_arrow": "⬅",
+    "left_arrow_curving_right": "↪",
+    "left_luggage": "🛅",
+    "left_speech_bubble": "🗨",
+    "leg": "🦵",
+    "lemon": "🍋",
+    "leopard": "🐆",
+    "level_slider": "🎚",
+    "light_bulb": "💡",
+    "light_rail": "🚈",
+    "link": "🔗",
+    "linked_paperclips": "🖇",
+    "lion_face": "🦁",
+    "lipstick": "💄",
+    "litter_in_bin_sign": "🚮",
+    "lizard": "🦎",
+    "llama": "🦙",
+    "lobster": "🦞",
+    "locked": "🔒",
+    "locked_with_key": "🔐",
+    "locked_with_pen": "🔏",
+    "locomotive": "🚂",
+    "lollipop": "🍭",
+    "lotion_bottle": "🧴",
+    "loudly_crying_face": "😭",
+    "loudspeaker": "📢",
+    "love-you_gesture": "🤟",
+    "love-you_gesture_dark_skin_tone": "🤟🏿",
+    "love-you_gesture_light_skin_tone": "🤟🏻",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤟🏾",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤟🏼",
+    "love-you_gesture_medium_skin_tone": "🤟🏽",
+    "love_hotel": "🏩",
+    "love_letter": "💌",
+    "luggage": "🧳",
+    "lying_face": "🤥",
+    "mage": "🧙",
+    "mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿",
+    "mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻",
+    "mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾",
+    "mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼",
+    "mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽",
+    "magnet": "🧲",
+    "magnifying_glass_tilted_left": "🔍",
+    "magnifying_glass_tilted_right": "🔎",
+    "mahjong_red_dragon": "🀄",
+    "male_sign": "♂",
+    "man": "👨",
+    "man_and_woman_holding_hands": "👫",
+    "man_artist": "👨\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎨",
+    "man_artist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎨",
+    "man_astronaut": "👨\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🚀",
+    "man_astronaut_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🚀",
+    "man_biking": "🚴\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball": "⛹️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing": "🙇\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling": "🤸\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing": "🧗\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker": "👷\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_cook": "👨\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🍳",
+    "man_cook_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🍳",
+    "man_dancing": "🕺",
+    "man_dancing_dark_skin_tone": "🕺🏿",
+    "man_dancing_light_skin_tone": "🕺🏻",
+    "man_dancing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕺🏾",
+    "man_dancing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕺🏼",
+    "man_dancing_medium_skin_tone": "🕺🏽",
+    "man_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿",
+    "man_detective": "🕵️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf": "🧝\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming": "🤦\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_factory_worker": "👨\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🏭",
+    "man_factory_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🏭",
+    "man_fairy": "🧚\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_farmer": "👨\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🌾",
+    "man_farmer_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🌾",
+    "man_firefighter": "👨\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🚒",
+    "man_firefighter_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🚒",
+    "man_frowning": "🙍\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_genie": "🧞\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no": "🙅\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok": "🙆\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut": "💇\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage": "💆\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing": "🏌️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard": "💂\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_health_worker": "👨\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_health_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d⚕️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position": "🧘\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_manual_wheelchair": "👨\u200d🦽",
+    "man_in_motorized_wheelchair": "👨\u200d🦼",
+    "man_in_steamy_room": "🧖\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating": "🕴",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_dark_skin_tone": "🕴🏿",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_light_skin_tone": "🕴🏻",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕴🏾",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕴🏼",
+    "man_in_suit_levitating_medium_skin_tone": "🕴🏽",
+    "man_in_tuxedo": "🤵",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_dark_skin_tone": "🤵🏿",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_light_skin_tone": "🤵🏻",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤵🏾",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤵🏼",
+    "man_in_tuxedo_medium_skin_tone": "🤵🏽",
+    "man_judge": "👨\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_judge_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d⚖️",
+    "man_juggling": "🤹\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights": "🏋️\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻",
+    "man_mage": "🧙\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mechanic": "👨\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🔧",
+    "man_mechanic_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🔧",
+    "man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾",
+    "man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼",
+    "man_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽",
+    "man_mountain_biking": "🚵\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_office_worker": "👨\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d💼",
+    "man_office_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d💼",
+    "man_pilot": "👨\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d✈️",
+    "man_pilot_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d✈️",
+    "man_playing_handball": "🤾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo": "🤽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer": "👮\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting": "🙎\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand": "🙋\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat": "🚣\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running": "🏃\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_scientist": "👨\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🔬",
+    "man_scientist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🔬",
+    "man_shrugging": "🤷\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_singer": "👨\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎤",
+    "man_singer_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎤",
+    "man_student": "👨\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🎓",
+    "man_student_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🎓",
+    "man_surfing": "🏄\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming": "🏊\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_teacher": "👨\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d🏫",
+    "man_teacher_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d🏫",
+    "man_technologist": "👨\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_dark_skin_tone": "👨🏿\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_light_skin_tone": "👨🏻\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👨🏾\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👨🏼\u200d💻",
+    "man_technologist_medium_skin_tone": "👨🏽\u200d💻",
+    "man_tipping_hand": "💁\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire": "🧛\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking": "🚶\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban": "👳\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "man_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "man_with_probing_cane": "👨\u200d🦯",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap": "👲",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_dark_skin_tone": "👲🏿",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_light_skin_tone": "👲🏻",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👲🏾",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium-light_skin_tone": "👲🏼",
+    "man_with_chinese_cap_medium_skin_tone": "👲🏽",
+    "man_zombie": "🧟\u200d♂️",
+    "mango": "🥭",
+    "mantelpiece_clock": "🕰",
+    "manual_wheelchair": "🦽",
+    "man’s_shoe": "👞",
+    "map_of_japan": "🗾",
+    "maple_leaf": "🍁",
+    "martial_arts_uniform": "🥋",
+    "mate": "🧉",
+    "meat_on_bone": "🍖",
+    "mechanical_arm": "🦾",
+    "mechanical_leg": "🦿",
+    "medical_symbol": "⚕",
+    "megaphone": "📣",
+    "melon": "🍈",
+    "memo": "📝",
+    "men_with_bunny_ears": "👯\u200d♂️",
+    "men_wrestling": "🤼\u200d♂️",
+    "menorah": "🕎",
+    "men’s_room": "🚹",
+    "mermaid": "🧜\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "mermaid_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "merman": "🧜\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼\u200d♂️",
+    "merman_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽\u200d♂️",
+    "merperson": "🧜",
+    "merperson_dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏿",
+    "merperson_light_skin_tone": "🧜🏻",
+    "merperson_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧜🏾",
+    "merperson_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧜🏼",
+    "merperson_medium_skin_tone": "🧜🏽",
+    "metro": "🚇",
+    "microbe": "🦠",
+    "microphone": "🎤",
+    "microscope": "🔬",
+    "middle_finger": "🖕",
+    "middle_finger_dark_skin_tone": "🖕🏿",
+    "middle_finger_light_skin_tone": "🖕🏻",
+    "middle_finger_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖕🏾",
+    "middle_finger_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖕🏼",
+    "middle_finger_medium_skin_tone": "🖕🏽",
+    "military_medal": "🎖",
+    "milky_way": "🌌",
+    "minibus": "🚐",
+    "moai": "🗿",
+    "mobile_phone": "📱",
+    "mobile_phone_off": "📴",
+    "mobile_phone_with_arrow": "📲",
+    "money-mouth_face": "🤑",
+    "money_bag": "💰",
+    "money_with_wings": "💸",
+    "monkey": "🐒",
+    "monkey_face": "🐵",
+    "monorail": "🚝",
+    "moon_cake": "🥮",
+    "moon_viewing_ceremony": "🎑",
+    "mosque": "🕌",
+    "mosquito": "🦟",
+    "motor_boat": "🛥",
+    "motor_scooter": "🛵",
+    "motorcycle": "🏍",
+    "motorized_wheelchair": "🦼",
+    "motorway": "🛣",
+    "mount_fuji": "🗻",
+    "mountain": "⛰",
+    "mountain_cableway": "🚠",
+    "mountain_railway": "🚞",
+    "mouse": "🐭",
+    "mouse_face": "🐭",
+    "mouth": "👄",
+    "movie_camera": "🎥",
+    "mushroom": "🍄",
+    "musical_keyboard": "🎹",
+    "musical_note": "🎵",
+    "musical_notes": "🎶",
+    "musical_score": "🎼",
+    "muted_speaker": "🔇",
+    "nail_polish": "💅",
+    "nail_polish_dark_skin_tone": "💅🏿",
+    "nail_polish_light_skin_tone": "💅🏻",
+    "nail_polish_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💅🏾",
+    "nail_polish_medium-light_skin_tone": "💅🏼",
+    "nail_polish_medium_skin_tone": "💅🏽",
+    "name_badge": "📛",
+    "national_park": "🏞",
+    "nauseated_face": "🤢",
+    "nazar_amulet": "🧿",
+    "necktie": "👔",
+    "nerd_face": "🤓",
+    "neutral_face": "😐",
+    "new_moon": "🌑",
+    "new_moon_face": "🌚",
+    "newspaper": "📰",
+    "next_track_button": "⏭",
+    "night_with_stars": "🌃",
+    "nine-thirty": "🕤",
+    "nine_o’clock": "🕘",
+    "no_bicycles": "🚳",
+    "no_entry": "⛔",
+    "no_littering": "🚯",
+    "no_mobile_phones": "📵",
+    "no_one_under_eighteen": "🔞",
+    "no_pedestrians": "🚷",
+    "no_smoking": "🚭",
+    "non-potable_water": "🚱",
+    "nose": "👃",
+    "nose_dark_skin_tone": "👃🏿",
+    "nose_light_skin_tone": "👃🏻",
+    "nose_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👃🏾",
+    "nose_medium-light_skin_tone": "👃🏼",
+    "nose_medium_skin_tone": "👃🏽",
+    "notebook": "📓",
+    "notebook_with_decorative_cover": "📔",
+    "nut_and_bolt": "🔩",
+    "octopus": "🐙",
+    "oden": "🍢",
+    "office_building": "🏢",
+    "ogre": "👹",
+    "oil_drum": "🛢",
+    "old_key": "🗝",
+    "old_man": "👴",
+    "old_man_dark_skin_tone": "👴🏿",
+    "old_man_light_skin_tone": "👴🏻",
+    "old_man_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👴🏾",
+    "old_man_medium-light_skin_tone": "👴🏼",
+    "old_man_medium_skin_tone": "👴🏽",
+    "old_woman": "👵",
+    "old_woman_dark_skin_tone": "👵🏿",
+    "old_woman_light_skin_tone": "👵🏻",
+    "old_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👵🏾",
+    "old_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👵🏼",
+    "old_woman_medium_skin_tone": "👵🏽",
+    "older_adult": "🧓",
+    "older_adult_dark_skin_tone": "🧓🏿",
+    "older_adult_light_skin_tone": "🧓🏻",
+    "older_adult_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧓🏾",
+    "older_adult_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧓🏼",
+    "older_adult_medium_skin_tone": "🧓🏽",
+    "om": "🕉",
+    "oncoming_automobile": "🚘",
+    "oncoming_bus": "🚍",
+    "oncoming_fist": "👊",
+    "oncoming_fist_dark_skin_tone": "👊🏿",
+    "oncoming_fist_light_skin_tone": "👊🏻",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👊🏾",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👊🏼",
+    "oncoming_fist_medium_skin_tone": "👊🏽",
+    "oncoming_police_car": "🚔",
+    "oncoming_taxi": "🚖",
+    "one-piece_swimsuit": "🩱",
+    "one-thirty": "🕜",
+    "one_o’clock": "🕐",
+    "onion": "🧅",
+    "open_book": "📖",
+    "open_file_folder": "📂",
+    "open_hands": "👐",
+    "open_hands_dark_skin_tone": "👐🏿",
+    "open_hands_light_skin_tone": "👐🏻",
+    "open_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👐🏾",
+    "open_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "👐🏼",
+    "open_hands_medium_skin_tone": "👐🏽",
+    "open_mailbox_with_lowered_flag": "📭",
+    "open_mailbox_with_raised_flag": "📬",
+    "optical_disk": "💿",
+    "orange_book": "📙",
+    "orange_circle": "🟠",
+    "orange_heart": "🧡",
+    "orange_square": "🟧",
+    "orangutan": "🦧",
+    "orthodox_cross": "☦",
+    "otter": "🦦",
+    "outbox_tray": "📤",
+    "owl": "🦉",
+    "ox": "🐂",
+    "oyster": "🦪",
+    "package": "📦",
+    "page_facing_up": "📄",
+    "page_with_curl": "📃",
+    "pager": "📟",
+    "paintbrush": "🖌",
+    "palm_tree": "🌴",
+    "palms_up_together": "🤲",
+    "palms_up_together_dark_skin_tone": "🤲🏿",
+    "palms_up_together_light_skin_tone": "🤲🏻",
+    "palms_up_together_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤲🏾",
+    "palms_up_together_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤲🏼",
+    "palms_up_together_medium_skin_tone": "🤲🏽",
+    "pancakes": "🥞",
+    "panda_face": "🐼",
+    "paperclip": "📎",
+    "parrot": "🦜",
+    "part_alternation_mark": "〽",
+    "party_popper": "🎉",
+    "partying_face": "🥳",
+    "passenger_ship": "🛳",
+    "passport_control": "🛂",
+    "pause_button": "⏸",
+    "paw_prints": "🐾",
+    "peace_symbol": "☮",
+    "peach": "🍑",
+    "peacock": "🦚",
+    "peanuts": "🥜",
+    "pear": "🍐",
+    "pen": "🖊",
+    "pencil": "📝",
+    "penguin": "🐧",
+    "pensive_face": "😔",
+    "people_holding_hands": "🧑\u200d🤝\u200d🧑",
+    "people_with_bunny_ears": "👯",
+    "people_wrestling": "🤼",
+    "performing_arts": "🎭",
+    "persevering_face": "😣",
+    "person_biking": "🚴",
+    "person_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿",
+    "person_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻",
+    "person_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾",
+    "person_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼",
+    "person_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽",
+    "person_bouncing_ball": "⛹",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼",
+    "person_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽",
+    "person_bowing": "🙇",
+    "person_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿",
+    "person_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻",
+    "person_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾",
+    "person_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼",
+    "person_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽",
+    "person_cartwheeling": "🤸",
+    "person_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿",
+    "person_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼",
+    "person_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽",
+    "person_climbing": "🧗",
+    "person_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿",
+    "person_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻",
+    "person_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾",
+    "person_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼",
+    "person_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽",
+    "person_facepalming": "🤦",
+    "person_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿",
+    "person_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻",
+    "person_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾",
+    "person_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼",
+    "person_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽",
+    "person_fencing": "🤺",
+    "person_frowning": "🙍",
+    "person_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿",
+    "person_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻",
+    "person_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾",
+    "person_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼",
+    "person_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽",
+    "person_gesturing_no": "🙅",
+    "person_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿",
+    "person_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼",
+    "person_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽",
+    "person_gesturing_ok": "🙆",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼",
+    "person_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽",
+    "person_getting_haircut": "💇",
+    "person_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿",
+    "person_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼",
+    "person_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽",
+    "person_getting_massage": "💆",
+    "person_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿",
+    "person_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼",
+    "person_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽",
+    "person_golfing": "🏌",
+    "person_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿",
+    "person_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻",
+    "person_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾",
+    "person_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼",
+    "person_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽",
+    "person_in_bed": "🛌",
+    "person_in_bed_dark_skin_tone": "🛌🏿",
+    "person_in_bed_light_skin_tone": "🛌🏻",
+    "person_in_bed_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🛌🏾",
+    "person_in_bed_medium-light_skin_tone": "🛌🏼",
+    "person_in_bed_medium_skin_tone": "🛌🏽",
+    "person_in_lotus_position": "🧘",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼",
+    "person_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽",
+    "person_in_steamy_room": "🧖",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼",
+    "person_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽",
+    "person_juggling": "🤹",
+    "person_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿",
+    "person_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻",
+    "person_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾",
+    "person_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼",
+    "person_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽",
+    "person_kneeling": "🧎",
+    "person_lifting_weights": "🏋",
+    "person_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿",
+    "person_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼",
+    "person_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽",
+    "person_mountain_biking": "🚵",
+    "person_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿",
+    "person_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼",
+    "person_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽",
+    "person_playing_handball": "🤾",
+    "person_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿",
+    "person_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼",
+    "person_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽",
+    "person_playing_water_polo": "🤽",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼",
+    "person_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽",
+    "person_pouting": "🙎",
+    "person_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿",
+    "person_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻",
+    "person_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾",
+    "person_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼",
+    "person_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽",
+    "person_raising_hand": "🙋",
+    "person_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿",
+    "person_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼",
+    "person_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽",
+    "person_rowing_boat": "🚣",
+    "person_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿",
+    "person_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼",
+    "person_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽",
+    "person_running": "🏃",
+    "person_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿",
+    "person_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻",
+    "person_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾",
+    "person_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼",
+    "person_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽",
+    "person_shrugging": "🤷",
+    "person_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿",
+    "person_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻",
+    "person_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾",
+    "person_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼",
+    "person_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽",
+    "person_standing": "🧍",
+    "person_surfing": "🏄",
+    "person_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿",
+    "person_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻",
+    "person_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾",
+    "person_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼",
+    "person_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽",
+    "person_swimming": "🏊",
+    "person_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿",
+    "person_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻",
+    "person_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾",
+    "person_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼",
+    "person_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽",
+    "person_taking_bath": "🛀",
+    "person_taking_bath_dark_skin_tone": "🛀🏿",
+    "person_taking_bath_light_skin_tone": "🛀🏻",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🛀🏾",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium-light_skin_tone": "🛀🏼",
+    "person_taking_bath_medium_skin_tone": "🛀🏽",
+    "person_tipping_hand": "💁",
+    "person_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿",
+    "person_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼",
+    "person_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽",
+    "person_walking": "🚶",
+    "person_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿",
+    "person_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻",
+    "person_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾",
+    "person_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼",
+    "person_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽",
+    "person_wearing_turban": "👳",
+    "person_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿",
+    "person_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼",
+    "person_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽",
+    "petri_dish": "🧫",
+    "pick": "⛏",
+    "pie": "🥧",
+    "pig": "🐷",
+    "pig_face": "🐷",
+    "pig_nose": "🐽",
+    "pile_of_poo": "💩",
+    "pill": "💊",
+    "pinching_hand": "🤏",
+    "pine_decoration": "🎍",
+    "pineapple": "🍍",
+    "ping_pong": "🏓",
+    "pirate_flag": "🏴\u200d☠️",
+    "pistol": "🔫",
+    "pizza": "🍕",
+    "place_of_worship": "🛐",
+    "play_button": "▶",
+    "play_or_pause_button": "⏯",
+    "pleading_face": "🥺",
+    "police_car": "🚓",
+    "police_car_light": "🚨",
+    "police_officer": "👮",
+    "police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿",
+    "police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻",
+    "police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾",
+    "police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼",
+    "police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽",
+    "poodle": "🐩",
+    "pool_8_ball": "🎱",
+    "popcorn": "🍿",
+    "post_office": "🏣",
+    "postal_horn": "📯",
+    "postbox": "📮",
+    "pot_of_food": "🍲",
+    "potable_water": "🚰",
+    "potato": "🥔",
+    "poultry_leg": "🍗",
+    "pound_banknote": "💷",
+    "pouting_cat_face": "😾",
+    "pouting_face": "😡",
+    "prayer_beads": "📿",
+    "pregnant_woman": "🤰",
+    "pregnant_woman_dark_skin_tone": "🤰🏿",
+    "pregnant_woman_light_skin_tone": "🤰🏻",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤰🏾",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤰🏼",
+    "pregnant_woman_medium_skin_tone": "🤰🏽",
+    "pretzel": "🥨",
+    "probing_cane": "🦯",
+    "prince": "🤴",
+    "prince_dark_skin_tone": "🤴🏿",
+    "prince_light_skin_tone": "🤴🏻",
+    "prince_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤴🏾",
+    "prince_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤴🏼",
+    "prince_medium_skin_tone": "🤴🏽",
+    "princess": "👸",
+    "princess_dark_skin_tone": "👸🏿",
+    "princess_light_skin_tone": "👸🏻",
+    "princess_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👸🏾",
+    "princess_medium-light_skin_tone": "👸🏼",
+    "princess_medium_skin_tone": "👸🏽",
+    "printer": "🖨",
+    "prohibited": "🚫",
+    "purple_circle": "🟣",
+    "purple_heart": "💜",
+    "purple_square": "🟪",
+    "purse": "👛",
+    "pushpin": "📌",
+    "question_mark": "❓",
+    "rabbit": "🐰",
+    "rabbit_face": "🐰",
+    "raccoon": "🦝",
+    "racing_car": "🏎",
+    "radio": "📻",
+    "radio_button": "🔘",
+    "radioactive": "☢",
+    "railway_car": "🚃",
+    "railway_track": "🛤",
+    "rainbow": "🌈",
+    "rainbow_flag": "🏳️\u200d🌈",
+    "raised_back_of_hand": "🤚",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🤚🏿",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_light_skin_tone": "🤚🏻",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤚🏾",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤚🏼",
+    "raised_back_of_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🤚🏽",
+    "raised_fist": "✊",
+    "raised_fist_dark_skin_tone": "✊🏿",
+    "raised_fist_light_skin_tone": "✊🏻",
+    "raised_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✊🏾",
+    "raised_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "✊🏼",
+    "raised_fist_medium_skin_tone": "✊🏽",
+    "raised_hand": "✋",
+    "raised_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✋🏿",
+    "raised_hand_light_skin_tone": "✋🏻",
+    "raised_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✋🏾",
+    "raised_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✋🏼",
+    "raised_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✋🏽",
+    "raising_hands": "🙌",
+    "raising_hands_dark_skin_tone": "🙌🏿",
+    "raising_hands_light_skin_tone": "🙌🏻",
+    "raising_hands_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙌🏾",
+    "raising_hands_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙌🏼",
+    "raising_hands_medium_skin_tone": "🙌🏽",
+    "ram": "🐏",
+    "rat": "🐀",
+    "razor": "🪒",
+    "ringed_planet": "🪐",
+    "receipt": "🧾",
+    "record_button": "⏺",
+    "recycling_symbol": "♻",
+    "red_apple": "🍎",
+    "red_circle": "🔴",
+    "red_envelope": "🧧",
+    "red_hair": "🦰",
+    "red-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦰",
+    "red-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦰",
+    "red_heart": "❤",
+    "red_paper_lantern": "🏮",
+    "red_square": "🟥",
+    "red_triangle_pointed_down": "🔻",
+    "red_triangle_pointed_up": "🔺",
+    "registered": "®",
+    "relieved_face": "😌",
+    "reminder_ribbon": "🎗",
+    "repeat_button": "🔁",
+    "repeat_single_button": "🔂",
+    "rescue_worker’s_helmet": "⛑",
+    "restroom": "🚻",
+    "reverse_button": "◀",
+    "revolving_hearts": "💞",
+    "rhinoceros": "🦏",
+    "ribbon": "🎀",
+    "rice_ball": "🍙",
+    "rice_cracker": "🍘",
+    "right-facing_fist": "🤜",
+    "right-facing_fist_dark_skin_tone": "🤜🏿",
+    "right-facing_fist_light_skin_tone": "🤜🏻",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤜🏾",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤜🏼",
+    "right-facing_fist_medium_skin_tone": "🤜🏽",
+    "right_anger_bubble": "🗯",
+    "right_arrow": "➡",
+    "right_arrow_curving_down": "⤵",
+    "right_arrow_curving_left": "↩",
+    "right_arrow_curving_up": "⤴",
+    "ring": "💍",
+    "roasted_sweet_potato": "🍠",
+    "robot_face": "🤖",
+    "rocket": "🚀",
+    "roll_of_paper": "🧻",
+    "rolled-up_newspaper": "🗞",
+    "roller_coaster": "🎢",
+    "rolling_on_the_floor_laughing": "🤣",
+    "rooster": "🐓",
+    "rose": "🌹",
+    "rosette": "🏵",
+    "round_pushpin": "📍",
+    "rugby_football": "🏉",
+    "running_shirt": "🎽",
+    "running_shoe": "👟",
+    "sad_but_relieved_face": "😥",
+    "safety_pin": "🧷",
+    "safety_vest": "🦺",
+    "salt": "🧂",
+    "sailboat": "⛵",
+    "sake": "🍶",
+    "sandwich": "🥪",
+    "sari": "🥻",
+    "satellite": "📡",
+    "satellite_antenna": "📡",
+    "sauropod": "🦕",
+    "saxophone": "🎷",
+    "scarf": "🧣",
+    "school": "🏫",
+    "school_backpack": "🎒",
+    "scissors": "✂",
+    "scorpion": "🦂",
+    "scroll": "📜",
+    "seat": "💺",
+    "see-no-evil_monkey": "🙈",
+    "seedling": "🌱",
+    "selfie": "🤳",
+    "selfie_dark_skin_tone": "🤳🏿",
+    "selfie_light_skin_tone": "🤳🏻",
+    "selfie_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤳🏾",
+    "selfie_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤳🏼",
+    "selfie_medium_skin_tone": "🤳🏽",
+    "service_dog": "🐕\u200d🦺",
+    "seven-thirty": "🕢",
+    "seven_o’clock": "🕖",
+    "shallow_pan_of_food": "🥘",
+    "shamrock": "☘",
+    "shark": "🦈",
+    "shaved_ice": "🍧",
+    "sheaf_of_rice": "🌾",
+    "shield": "🛡",
+    "shinto_shrine": "⛩",
+    "ship": "🚢",
+    "shooting_star": "🌠",
+    "shopping_bags": "🛍",
+    "shopping_cart": "🛒",
+    "shortcake": "🍰",
+    "shorts": "🩳",
+    "shower": "🚿",
+    "shrimp": "🦐",
+    "shuffle_tracks_button": "🔀",
+    "shushing_face": "🤫",
+    "sign_of_the_horns": "🤘",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_dark_skin_tone": "🤘🏿",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_light_skin_tone": "🤘🏻",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤘🏾",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤘🏼",
+    "sign_of_the_horns_medium_skin_tone": "🤘🏽",
+    "six-thirty": "🕡",
+    "six_o’clock": "🕕",
+    "skateboard": "🛹",
+    "skier": "⛷",
+    "skis": "🎿",
+    "skull": "💀",
+    "skull_and_crossbones": "☠",
+    "skunk": "🦨",
+    "sled": "🛷",
+    "sleeping_face": "😴",
+    "sleepy_face": "😪",
+    "slightly_frowning_face": "🙁",
+    "slightly_smiling_face": "🙂",
+    "slot_machine": "🎰",
+    "sloth": "🦥",
+    "small_airplane": "🛩",
+    "small_blue_diamond": "🔹",
+    "small_orange_diamond": "🔸",
+    "smiling_cat_face_with_heart-eyes": "😻",
+    "smiling_face": "☺",
+    "smiling_face_with_halo": "😇",
+    "smiling_face_with_3_hearts": "🥰",
+    "smiling_face_with_heart-eyes": "😍",
+    "smiling_face_with_horns": "😈",
+    "smiling_face_with_smiling_eyes": "😊",
+    "smiling_face_with_sunglasses": "😎",
+    "smirking_face": "😏",
+    "snail": "🐌",
+    "snake": "🐍",
+    "sneezing_face": "🤧",
+    "snow-capped_mountain": "🏔",
+    "snowboarder": "🏂",
+    "snowboarder_dark_skin_tone": "🏂🏿",
+    "snowboarder_light_skin_tone": "🏂🏻",
+    "snowboarder_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏂🏾",
+    "snowboarder_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏂🏼",
+    "snowboarder_medium_skin_tone": "🏂🏽",
+    "snowflake": "❄",
+    "snowman": "☃",
+    "snowman_without_snow": "⛄",
+    "soap": "🧼",
+    "soccer_ball": "⚽",
+    "socks": "🧦",
+    "softball": "🥎",
+    "soft_ice_cream": "🍦",
+    "spade_suit": "♠",
+    "spaghetti": "🍝",
+    "sparkle": "❇",
+    "sparkler": "🎇",
+    "sparkles": "✨",
+    "sparkling_heart": "💖",
+    "speak-no-evil_monkey": "🙊",
+    "speaker_high_volume": "🔊",
+    "speaker_low_volume": "🔈",
+    "speaker_medium_volume": "🔉",
+    "speaking_head": "🗣",
+    "speech_balloon": "💬",
+    "speedboat": "🚤",
+    "spider": "🕷",
+    "spider_web": "🕸",
+    "spiral_calendar": "🗓",
+    "spiral_notepad": "🗒",
+    "spiral_shell": "🐚",
+    "spoon": "🥄",
+    "sponge": "🧽",
+    "sport_utility_vehicle": "🚙",
+    "sports_medal": "🏅",
+    "spouting_whale": "🐳",
+    "squid": "🦑",
+    "squinting_face_with_tongue": "😝",
+    "stadium": "🏟",
+    "star-struck": "🤩",
+    "star_and_crescent": "☪",
+    "star_of_david": "✡",
+    "station": "🚉",
+    "steaming_bowl": "🍜",
+    "stethoscope": "🩺",
+    "stop_button": "⏹",
+    "stop_sign": "🛑",
+    "stopwatch": "⏱",
+    "straight_ruler": "📏",
+    "strawberry": "🍓",
+    "studio_microphone": "🎙",
+    "stuffed_flatbread": "🥙",
+    "sun": "☀",
+    "sun_behind_cloud": "⛅",
+    "sun_behind_large_cloud": "🌥",
+    "sun_behind_rain_cloud": "🌦",
+    "sun_behind_small_cloud": "🌤",
+    "sun_with_face": "🌞",
+    "sunflower": "🌻",
+    "sunglasses": "😎",
+    "sunrise": "🌅",
+    "sunrise_over_mountains": "🌄",
+    "sunset": "🌇",
+    "superhero": "🦸",
+    "supervillain": "🦹",
+    "sushi": "🍣",
+    "suspension_railway": "🚟",
+    "swan": "🦢",
+    "sweat_droplets": "💦",
+    "synagogue": "🕍",
+    "syringe": "💉",
+    "t-shirt": "👕",
+    "taco": "🌮",
+    "takeout_box": "🥡",
+    "tanabata_tree": "🎋",
+    "tangerine": "🍊",
+    "taxi": "🚕",
+    "teacup_without_handle": "🍵",
+    "tear-off_calendar": "📆",
+    "teddy_bear": "🧸",
+    "telephone": "☎",
+    "telephone_receiver": "📞",
+    "telescope": "🔭",
+    "television": "📺",
+    "ten-thirty": "🕥",
+    "ten_o’clock": "🕙",
+    "tennis": "🎾",
+    "tent": "⛺",
+    "test_tube": "🧪",
+    "thermometer": "🌡",
+    "thinking_face": "🤔",
+    "thought_balloon": "💭",
+    "thread": "🧵",
+    "three-thirty": "🕞",
+    "three_o’clock": "🕒",
+    "thumbs_down": "👎",
+    "thumbs_down_dark_skin_tone": "👎🏿",
+    "thumbs_down_light_skin_tone": "👎🏻",
+    "thumbs_down_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👎🏾",
+    "thumbs_down_medium-light_skin_tone": "👎🏼",
+    "thumbs_down_medium_skin_tone": "👎🏽",
+    "thumbs_up": "👍",
+    "thumbs_up_dark_skin_tone": "👍🏿",
+    "thumbs_up_light_skin_tone": "👍🏻",
+    "thumbs_up_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👍🏾",
+    "thumbs_up_medium-light_skin_tone": "👍🏼",
+    "thumbs_up_medium_skin_tone": "👍🏽",
+    "ticket": "🎫",
+    "tiger": "🐯",
+    "tiger_face": "🐯",
+    "timer_clock": "⏲",
+    "tired_face": "😫",
+    "toolbox": "🧰",
+    "toilet": "🚽",
+    "tomato": "🍅",
+    "tongue": "👅",
+    "tooth": "🦷",
+    "top_hat": "🎩",
+    "tornado": "🌪",
+    "trackball": "🖲",
+    "tractor": "🚜",
+    "trade_mark": "™",
+    "train": "🚋",
+    "tram": "🚊",
+    "tram_car": "🚋",
+    "triangular_flag": "🚩",
+    "triangular_ruler": "📐",
+    "trident_emblem": "🔱",
+    "trolleybus": "🚎",
+    "trophy": "🏆",
+    "tropical_drink": "🍹",
+    "tropical_fish": "🐠",
+    "trumpet": "🎺",
+    "tulip": "🌷",
+    "tumbler_glass": "🥃",
+    "turtle": "🐢",
+    "twelve-thirty": "🕧",
+    "twelve_o’clock": "🕛",
+    "two-hump_camel": "🐫",
+    "two-thirty": "🕝",
+    "two_hearts": "💕",
+    "two_men_holding_hands": "👬",
+    "two_o’clock": "🕑",
+    "two_women_holding_hands": "👭",
+    "umbrella": "☂",
+    "umbrella_on_ground": "⛱",
+    "umbrella_with_rain_drops": "☔",
+    "unamused_face": "😒",
+    "unicorn_face": "🦄",
+    "unlocked": "🔓",
+    "up-down_arrow": "↕",
+    "up-left_arrow": "↖",
+    "up-right_arrow": "↗",
+    "up_arrow": "⬆",
+    "upside-down_face": "🙃",
+    "upwards_button": "🔼",
+    "vampire": "🧛",
+    "vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿",
+    "vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻",
+    "vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾",
+    "vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼",
+    "vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽",
+    "vertical_traffic_light": "🚦",
+    "vibration_mode": "📳",
+    "victory_hand": "✌",
+    "victory_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✌🏿",
+    "victory_hand_light_skin_tone": "✌🏻",
+    "victory_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✌🏾",
+    "victory_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✌🏼",
+    "victory_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✌🏽",
+    "video_camera": "📹",
+    "video_game": "🎮",
+    "videocassette": "📼",
+    "violin": "🎻",
+    "volcano": "🌋",
+    "volleyball": "🏐",
+    "vulcan_salute": "🖖",
+    "vulcan_salute_dark_skin_tone": "🖖🏿",
+    "vulcan_salute_light_skin_tone": "🖖🏻",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🖖🏾",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium-light_skin_tone": "🖖🏼",
+    "vulcan_salute_medium_skin_tone": "🖖🏽",
+    "waffle": "🧇",
+    "waning_crescent_moon": "🌘",
+    "waning_gibbous_moon": "🌖",
+    "warning": "⚠",
+    "wastebasket": "🗑",
+    "watch": "⌚",
+    "water_buffalo": "🐃",
+    "water_closet": "🚾",
+    "water_wave": "🌊",
+    "watermelon": "🍉",
+    "waving_hand": "👋",
+    "waving_hand_dark_skin_tone": "👋🏿",
+    "waving_hand_light_skin_tone": "👋🏻",
+    "waving_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👋🏾",
+    "waving_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "👋🏼",
+    "waving_hand_medium_skin_tone": "👋🏽",
+    "wavy_dash": "〰",
+    "waxing_crescent_moon": "🌒",
+    "waxing_gibbous_moon": "🌔",
+    "weary_cat_face": "🙀",
+    "weary_face": "😩",
+    "wedding": "💒",
+    "whale": "🐳",
+    "wheel_of_dharma": "☸",
+    "wheelchair_symbol": "♿",
+    "white_circle": "⚪",
+    "white_exclamation_mark": "❕",
+    "white_flag": "🏳",
+    "white_flower": "💮",
+    "white_hair": "🦳",
+    "white-haired_man": "👨\u200d🦳",
+    "white-haired_woman": "👩\u200d🦳",
+    "white_heart": "🤍",
+    "white_heavy_check_mark": "✅",
+    "white_large_square": "⬜",
+    "white_medium-small_square": "◽",
+    "white_medium_square": "◻",
+    "white_medium_star": "⭐",
+    "white_question_mark": "❔",
+    "white_small_square": "▫",
+    "white_square_button": "🔳",
+    "wilted_flower": "🥀",
+    "wind_chime": "🎐",
+    "wind_face": "🌬",
+    "wine_glass": "🍷",
+    "winking_face": "😉",
+    "winking_face_with_tongue": "😜",
+    "wolf_face": "🐺",
+    "woman": "👩",
+    "woman_artist": "👩\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_artist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎨",
+    "woman_astronaut": "👩\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_astronaut_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🚀",
+    "woman_biking": "🚴\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚴🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚴🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚴🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚴🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball": "⛹️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_light_skin_tone": "⛹🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "⛹🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium-light_skin_tone": "⛹🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bouncing_ball_medium_skin_tone": "⛹🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing": "🙇\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_light_skin_tone": "🙇🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙇🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙇🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_bowing_medium_skin_tone": "🙇🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling": "🤸\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_light_skin_tone": "🤸🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤸🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤸🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cartwheeling_medium_skin_tone": "🤸🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing": "🧗\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_light_skin_tone": "🧗🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧗🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧗🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_climbing_medium_skin_tone": "🧗🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker": "👷\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👷🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_light_skin_tone": "👷🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👷🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👷🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_construction_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👷🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_cook": "👩\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_cook_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🍳",
+    "woman_dancing": "💃",
+    "woman_dancing_dark_skin_tone": "💃🏿",
+    "woman_dancing_light_skin_tone": "💃🏻",
+    "woman_dancing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💃🏾",
+    "woman_dancing_medium-light_skin_tone": "💃🏼",
+    "woman_dancing_medium_skin_tone": "💃🏽",
+    "woman_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿",
+    "woman_detective": "🕵️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_light_skin_tone": "🕵🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🕵🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium-light_skin_tone": "🕵🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_detective_medium_skin_tone": "🕵🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf": "🧝\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_light_skin_tone": "🧝🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧝🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧝🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_elf_medium_skin_tone": "🧝🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming": "🤦\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_light_skin_tone": "🤦🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤦🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤦🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_facepalming_medium_skin_tone": "🤦🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_factory_worker": "👩\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_factory_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🏭",
+    "woman_fairy": "🧚\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_light_skin_tone": "🧚🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧚🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧚🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_fairy_medium_skin_tone": "🧚🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_farmer": "👩\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_farmer_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🌾",
+    "woman_firefighter": "👩\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_firefighter_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🚒",
+    "woman_frowning": "🙍\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_light_skin_tone": "🙍🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙍🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙍🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_frowning_medium_skin_tone": "🙍🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_genie": "🧞\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no": "🙅\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_light_skin_tone": "🙅🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙅🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙅🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_no_medium_skin_tone": "🙅🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok": "🙆\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_light_skin_tone": "🙆🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙆🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙆🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_gesturing_ok_medium_skin_tone": "🙆🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut": "💇\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_dark_skin_tone": "💇🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_light_skin_tone": "💇🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💇🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium-light_skin_tone": "💇🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_haircut_medium_skin_tone": "💇🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage": "💆\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_dark_skin_tone": "💆🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_light_skin_tone": "💆🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💆🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium-light_skin_tone": "💆🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_getting_massage_medium_skin_tone": "💆🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing": "🏌️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_light_skin_tone": "🏌🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏌🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏌🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_golfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏌🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard": "💂\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_dark_skin_tone": "💂🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_light_skin_tone": "💂🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💂🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium-light_skin_tone": "💂🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_guard_medium_skin_tone": "💂🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_health_worker": "👩\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_health_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d⚕️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position": "🧘\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_light_skin_tone": "🧘🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧘🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧘🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_lotus_position_medium_skin_tone": "🧘🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_manual_wheelchair": "👩\u200d🦽",
+    "woman_in_motorized_wheelchair": "👩\u200d🦼",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room": "🧖\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_light_skin_tone": "🧖🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧖🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧖🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_in_steamy_room_medium_skin_tone": "🧖🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_judge": "👩\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_judge_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d⚖️",
+    "woman_juggling": "🤹\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_light_skin_tone": "🤹🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤹🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤹🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_juggling_medium_skin_tone": "🤹🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights": "🏋️\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_light_skin_tone": "🏋🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏋🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏋🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_lifting_weights_medium_skin_tone": "🏋🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻",
+    "woman_mage": "🧙\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_light_skin_tone": "🧙🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧙🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧙🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mage_medium_skin_tone": "🧙🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mechanic": "👩\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_mechanic_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🔧",
+    "woman_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾",
+    "woman_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼",
+    "woman_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽",
+    "woman_mountain_biking": "🚵\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_light_skin_tone": "🚵🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚵🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚵🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_mountain_biking_medium_skin_tone": "🚵🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_office_worker": "👩\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d💼",
+    "woman_office_worker_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d💼",
+    "woman_pilot": "👩\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_pilot_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d✈️",
+    "woman_playing_handball": "🤾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_light_skin_tone": "🤾🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤾🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤾🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_handball_medium_skin_tone": "🤾🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo": "🤽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_light_skin_tone": "🤽🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤽🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤽🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_playing_water_polo_medium_skin_tone": "🤽🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer": "👮\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_dark_skin_tone": "👮🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_light_skin_tone": "👮🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👮🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👮🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_police_officer_medium_skin_tone": "👮🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting": "🙎\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_light_skin_tone": "🙎🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙎🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙎🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_pouting_medium_skin_tone": "🙎🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand": "🙋\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_light_skin_tone": "🙋🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🙋🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "🙋🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_raising_hand_medium_skin_tone": "🙋🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat": "🚣\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_light_skin_tone": "🚣🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚣🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚣🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_rowing_boat_medium_skin_tone": "🚣🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running": "🏃\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_light_skin_tone": "🏃🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏃🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏃🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_running_medium_skin_tone": "🏃🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_scientist": "👩\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_scientist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🔬",
+    "woman_shrugging": "🤷\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_light_skin_tone": "🤷🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🤷🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium-light_skin_tone": "🤷🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_shrugging_medium_skin_tone": "🤷🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_singer": "👩\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_singer_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎤",
+    "woman_student": "👩\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_student_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🎓",
+    "woman_surfing": "🏄\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_light_skin_tone": "🏄🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏄🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏄🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_surfing_medium_skin_tone": "🏄🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming": "🏊\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_light_skin_tone": "🏊🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🏊🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium-light_skin_tone": "🏊🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_swimming_medium_skin_tone": "🏊🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_teacher": "👩\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_teacher_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d🏫",
+    "woman_technologist": "👩\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_dark_skin_tone": "👩🏿\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_light_skin_tone": "👩🏻\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👩🏾\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium-light_skin_tone": "👩🏼\u200d💻",
+    "woman_technologist_medium_skin_tone": "👩🏽\u200d💻",
+    "woman_tipping_hand": "💁\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_dark_skin_tone": "💁🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_light_skin_tone": "💁🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "💁🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "💁🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_tipping_hand_medium_skin_tone": "💁🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire": "🧛\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_light_skin_tone": "🧛🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧛🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧛🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_vampire_medium_skin_tone": "🧛🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking": "🚶\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_light_skin_tone": "🚶🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🚶🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium-light_skin_tone": "🚶🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_walking_medium_skin_tone": "🚶🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban": "👳\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_dark_skin_tone": "👳🏿\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_light_skin_tone": "👳🏻\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium-dark_skin_tone": "👳🏾\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium-light_skin_tone": "👳🏼\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_wearing_turban_medium_skin_tone": "👳🏽\u200d♀️",
+    "woman_with_headscarf": "🧕",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_dark_skin_tone": "🧕🏿",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_light_skin_tone": "🧕🏻",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium-dark_skin_tone": "🧕🏾",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium-light_skin_tone": "🧕🏼",
+    "woman_with_headscarf_medium_skin_tone": "🧕🏽",
+    "woman_with_probing_cane": "👩\u200d🦯",
+    "woman_zombie": "🧟\u200d♀️",
+    "woman’s_boot": "👢",
+    "woman’s_clothes": "👚",
+    "woman’s_hat": "👒",
+    "woman’s_sandal": "👡",
+    "women_with_bunny_ears": "👯\u200d♀️",
+    "women_wrestling": "🤼\u200d♀️",
+    "women’s_room": "🚺",
+    "woozy_face": "🥴",
+    "world_map": "🗺",
+    "worried_face": "😟",
+    "wrapped_gift": "🎁",
+    "wrench": "🔧",
+    "writing_hand": "✍",
+    "writing_hand_dark_skin_tone": "✍🏿",
+    "writing_hand_light_skin_tone": "✍🏻",
+    "writing_hand_medium-dark_skin_tone": "✍🏾",
+    "writing_hand_medium-light_skin_tone": "✍🏼",
+    "writing_hand_medium_skin_tone": "✍🏽",
+    "yarn": "🧶",
+    "yawning_face": "🥱",
+    "yellow_circle": "🟡",
+    "yellow_heart": "💛",
+    "yellow_square": "🟨",
+    "yen_banknote": "💴",
+    "yo-yo": "🪀",
+    "yin_yang": "☯",
+    "zany_face": "🤪",
+    "zebra": "🦓",
+    "zipper-mouth_face": "🤐",
+    "zombie": "🧟",
+    "zzz": "💤",
+    "åland_islands": "🇦🇽",
+    "keycap_asterisk": "*⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_eight": "8⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_five": "5⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_four": "4⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_nine": "9⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_one": "1⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_seven": "7⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_six": "6⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_three": "3⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_two": "2⃣",
+    "keycap_digit_zero": "0⃣",
+    "keycap_number_sign": "#⃣",
+    "light_skin_tone": "🏻",
+    "medium_light_skin_tone": "🏼",
+    "medium_skin_tone": "🏽",
+    "medium_dark_skin_tone": "🏾",
+    "dark_skin_tone": "🏿",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_a": "🇦",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_b": "🇧",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_c": "🇨",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_d": "🇩",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_e": "🇪",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_f": "🇫",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_g": "🇬",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_h": "🇭",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_i": "🇮",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_j": "🇯",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_k": "🇰",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_l": "🇱",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_m": "🇲",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_n": "🇳",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_o": "🇴",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_p": "🇵",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_q": "🇶",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_r": "🇷",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_s": "🇸",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_t": "🇹",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_u": "🇺",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_v": "🇻",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_w": "🇼",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_x": "🇽",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_y": "🇾",
+    "regional_indicator_symbol_letter_z": "🇿",
+    "airplane_arriving": "🛬",
+    "space_invader": "👾",
+    "football": "🏈",
+    "anger": "💢",
+    "angry": "😠",
+    "anguished": "😧",
+    "signal_strength": "📶",
+    "arrows_counterclockwise": "🔄",
+    "arrow_heading_down": "⤵",
+    "arrow_heading_up": "⤴",
+    "art": "🎨",
+    "astonished": "😲",
+    "athletic_shoe": "👟",
+    "atm": "🏧",
+    "car": "🚗",
+    "red_car": "🚗",
+    "angel": "👼",
+    "back": "🔙",
+    "badminton_racquet_and_shuttlecock": "🏸",
+    "dollar": "💵",
+    "euro": "💶",
+    "pound": "💷",
+    "yen": "💴",
+    "barber": "💈",
+    "bath": "🛀",
+    "bear": "🐻",
+    "heartbeat": "💓",
+    "beer": "🍺",
+    "no_bell": "🔕",
+    "bento": "🍱",
+    "bike": "🚲",
+    "bicyclist": "🚴",
+    "8ball": "🎱",
+    "biohazard_sign": "☣",
+    "birthday": "🎂",
+    "black_circle_for_record": "⏺",
+    "clubs": "♣",
+    "diamonds": "♦",
+    "arrow_double_down": "⏬",
+    "hearts": "♥",
+    "rewind": "⏪",
+    "black_left__pointing_double_triangle_with_vertical_bar": "⏮",
+    "arrow_backward": "◀",
+    "black_medium_small_square": "◾",
+    "question": "❓",
+    "fast_forward": "⏩",
+    "black_right__pointing_double_triangle_with_vertical_bar": "⏭",
+    "arrow_forward": "▶",
+    "black_right__pointing_triangle_with_double_vertical_bar": "⏯",
+    "arrow_right": "➡",
+    "spades": "♠",
+    "black_square_for_stop": "⏹",
+    "sunny": "☀",
+    "phone": "☎",
+    "recycle": "♻",
+    "arrow_double_up": "⏫",
+    "busstop": "🚏",
+    "date": "📅",
+    "flags": "🎏",
+    "cat2": "🐈",
+    "joy_cat": "😹",
+    "smirk_cat": "😼",
+    "chart_with_downwards_trend": "📉",
+    "chart_with_upwards_trend": "📈",
+    "chart": "💹",
+    "mega": "📣",
+    "checkered_flag": "🏁",
+    "accept": "🉑",
+    "ideograph_advantage": "🉐",
+    "congratulations": "㊗",
+    "secret": "㊙",
+    "m": "Ⓜ",
+    "city_sunset": "🌆",
+    "clapper": "🎬",
+    "clap": "👏",
+    "beers": "🍻",
+    "clock830": "🕣",
+    "clock8": "🕗",
+    "clock1130": "🕦",
+    "clock11": "🕚",
+    "clock530": "🕠",
+    "clock5": "🕔",
+    "clock430": "🕟",
+    "clock4": "🕓",
+    "clock930": "🕤",
+    "clock9": "🕘",
+    "clock130": "🕜",
+    "clock1": "🕐",
+    "clock730": "🕢",
+    "clock7": "🕖",
+    "clock630": "🕡",
+    "clock6": "🕕",
+    "clock1030": "🕥",
+    "clock10": "🕙",
+    "clock330": "🕞",
+    "clock3": "🕒",
+    "clock1230": "🕧",
+    "clock12": "🕛",
+    "clock230": "🕝",
+    "clock2": "🕑",
+    "arrows_clockwise": "🔃",
+    "repeat": "🔁",
+    "repeat_one": "🔂",
+    "closed_lock_with_key": "🔐",
+    "mailbox_closed": "📪",
+    "mailbox": "📫",
+    "cloud_with_tornado": "🌪",
+    "cocktail": "🍸",
+    "boom": "💥",
+    "compression": "🗜",
+    "confounded": "😖",
+    "confused": "😕",
+    "rice": "🍚",
+    "cow2": "🐄",
+    "cricket_bat_and_ball": "🏏",
+    "x": "❌",
+    "cry": "😢",
+    "curry": "🍛",
+    "dagger_knife": "🗡",
+    "dancer": "💃",
+    "dark_sunglasses": "🕶",
+    "dash": "💨",
+    "truck": "🚚",
+    "derelict_house_building": "🏚",
+    "diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside": "💠",
+    "dart": "🎯",
+    "disappointed_relieved": "😥",
+    "disappointed": "😞",
+    "do_not_litter": "🚯",
+    "dog2": "🐕",
+    "flipper": "🐬",
+    "loop": "➿",
+    "bangbang": "‼",
+    "double_vertical_bar": "⏸",
+    "dove_of_peace": "🕊",
+    "small_red_triangle_down": "🔻",
+    "arrow_down_small": "🔽",
+    "arrow_down": "⬇",
+    "dromedary_camel": "🐪",
+    "e__mail": "📧",
+    "corn": "🌽",
+    "ear_of_rice": "🌾",
+    "earth_americas": "🌎",
+    "earth_asia": "🌏",
+    "earth_africa": "🌍",
+    "eight_pointed_black_star": "✴",
+    "eight_spoked_asterisk": "✳",
+    "eject_symbol": "⏏",
+    "bulb": "💡",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__1__2": "🏻",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__3": "🏼",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__4": "🏽",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__5": "🏾",
+    "emoji_modifier_fitzpatrick_type__6": "🏿",
+    "end": "🔚",
+    "email": "✉",
+    "european_castle": "🏰",
+    "european_post_office": "🏤",
+    "interrobang": "⁉",
+    "expressionless": "😑",
+    "eyeglasses": "👓",
+    "massage": "💆",
+    "yum": "😋",
+    "scream": "😱",
+    "kissing_heart": "😘",
+    "sweat": "😓",
+    "face_with_head__bandage": "🤕",
+    "triumph": "😤",
+    "mask": "😷",
+    "no_good": "🙅",
+    "ok_woman": "🙆",
+    "open_mouth": "😮",
+    "cold_sweat": "😰",
+    "stuck_out_tongue": "😛",
+    "stuck_out_tongue_closed_eyes": "😝",
+    "stuck_out_tongue_winking_eye": "😜",
+    "joy": "😂",
+    "no_mouth": "😶",
+    "santa": "🎅",
+    "fax": "📠",
+    "fearful": "😨",
+    "field_hockey_stick_and_ball": "🏑",
+    "first_quarter_moon_with_face": "🌛",
+    "fish_cake": "🍥",
+    "fishing_pole_and_fish": "🎣",
+    "facepunch": "👊",
+    "punch": "👊",
+    "flag_for_afghanistan": "🇦🇫",
+    "flag_for_albania": "🇦🇱",
+    "flag_for_algeria": "🇩🇿",
+    "flag_for_american_samoa": "🇦🇸",
+    "flag_for_andorra": "🇦🇩",
+    "flag_for_angola": "🇦🇴",
+    "flag_for_anguilla": "🇦🇮",
+    "flag_for_antarctica": "🇦🇶",
+    "flag_for_antigua_&_barbuda": "🇦🇬",
+    "flag_for_argentina": "🇦🇷",
+    "flag_for_armenia": "🇦🇲",
+    "flag_for_aruba": "🇦🇼",
+    "flag_for_ascension_island": "🇦🇨",
+    "flag_for_australia": "🇦🇺",
+    "flag_for_austria": "🇦🇹",
+    "flag_for_azerbaijan": "🇦🇿",
+    "flag_for_bahamas": "🇧🇸",
+    "flag_for_bahrain": "🇧🇭",
+    "flag_for_bangladesh": "🇧🇩",
+    "flag_for_barbados": "🇧🇧",
+    "flag_for_belarus": "🇧🇾",
+    "flag_for_belgium": "🇧🇪",
+    "flag_for_belize": "🇧🇿",
+    "flag_for_benin": "🇧🇯",
+    "flag_for_bermuda": "🇧🇲",
+    "flag_for_bhutan": "🇧🇹",
+    "flag_for_bolivia": "🇧🇴",
+    "flag_for_bosnia_&_herzegovina": "🇧🇦",
+    "flag_for_botswana": "🇧🇼",
+    "flag_for_bouvet_island": "🇧🇻",
+    "flag_for_brazil": "🇧🇷",
+    "flag_for_british_indian_ocean_territory": "🇮🇴",
+    "flag_for_british_virgin_islands": "🇻🇬",
+    "flag_for_brunei": "🇧🇳",
+    "flag_for_bulgaria": "🇧🇬",
+    "flag_for_burkina_faso": "🇧🇫",
+    "flag_for_burundi": "🇧🇮",
+    "flag_for_cambodia": "🇰🇭",
+    "flag_for_cameroon": "🇨🇲",
+    "flag_for_canada": "🇨🇦",
+    "flag_for_canary_islands": "🇮🇨",
+    "flag_for_cape_verde": "🇨🇻",
+    "flag_for_caribbean_netherlands": "🇧🇶",
+    "flag_for_cayman_islands": "🇰🇾",
+    "flag_for_central_african_republic": "🇨🇫",
+    "flag_for_ceuta_&_melilla": "🇪🇦",
+    "flag_for_chad": "🇹🇩",
+    "flag_for_chile": "🇨🇱",
+    "flag_for_china": "🇨🇳",
+    "flag_for_christmas_island": "🇨🇽",
+    "flag_for_clipperton_island": "🇨🇵",
+    "flag_for_cocos__islands": "🇨🇨",
+    "flag_for_colombia": "🇨🇴",
+    "flag_for_comoros": "🇰🇲",
+    "flag_for_congo____brazzaville": "🇨🇬",
+    "flag_for_congo____kinshasa": "🇨🇩",
+    "flag_for_cook_islands": "🇨🇰",
+    "flag_for_costa_rica": "🇨🇷",
+    "flag_for_croatia": "🇭🇷",
+    "flag_for_cuba": "🇨🇺",
+    "flag_for_curaçao": "🇨🇼",
+    "flag_for_cyprus": "🇨🇾",
+    "flag_for_czech_republic": "🇨🇿",
+    "flag_for_côte_d’ivoire": "🇨🇮",
+    "flag_for_denmark": "🇩🇰",
+    "flag_for_diego_garcia": "🇩🇬",
+    "flag_for_djibouti": "🇩🇯",
+    "flag_for_dominica": "🇩🇲",
+    "flag_for_dominican_republic": "🇩🇴",
+    "flag_for_ecuador": "🇪🇨",
+    "flag_for_egypt": "🇪🇬",
+    "flag_for_el_salvador": "🇸🇻",
+    "flag_for_equatorial_guinea": "🇬🇶",
+    "flag_for_eritrea": "🇪🇷",
+    "flag_for_estonia": "🇪🇪",
+    "flag_for_ethiopia": "🇪🇹",
+    "flag_for_european_union": "🇪🇺",
+    "flag_for_falkland_islands": "🇫🇰",
+    "flag_for_faroe_islands": "🇫🇴",
+    "flag_for_fiji": "🇫🇯",
+    "flag_for_finland": "🇫🇮",
+    "flag_for_france": "🇫🇷",
+    "flag_for_french_guiana": "🇬🇫",
+    "flag_for_french_polynesia": "🇵🇫",
+    "flag_for_french_southern_territories": "🇹🇫",
+    "flag_for_gabon": "🇬🇦",
+    "flag_for_gambia": "🇬🇲",
+    "flag_for_georgia": "🇬🇪",
+    "flag_for_germany": "🇩🇪",
+    "flag_for_ghana": "🇬🇭",
+    "flag_for_gibraltar": "🇬🇮",
+    "flag_for_greece": "🇬🇷",
+    "flag_for_greenland": "🇬🇱",
+    "flag_for_grenada": "🇬🇩",
+    "flag_for_guadeloupe": "🇬🇵",
+    "flag_for_guam": "🇬🇺",
+    "flag_for_guatemala": "🇬🇹",
+    "flag_for_guernsey": "🇬🇬",
+    "flag_for_guinea": "🇬🇳",
+    "flag_for_guinea__bissau": "🇬🇼",
+    "flag_for_guyana": "🇬🇾",
+    "flag_for_haiti": "🇭🇹",
+    "flag_for_heard_&_mcdonald_islands": "🇭🇲",
+    "flag_for_honduras": "🇭🇳",
+    "flag_for_hong_kong": "🇭🇰",
+    "flag_for_hungary": "🇭🇺",
+    "flag_for_iceland": "🇮🇸",
+    "flag_for_india": "🇮🇳",
+    "flag_for_indonesia": "🇮🇩",
+    "flag_for_iran": "🇮🇷",
+    "flag_for_iraq": "🇮🇶",
+    "flag_for_ireland": "🇮🇪",
+    "flag_for_isle_of_man": "🇮🇲",
+    "flag_for_israel": "🇮🇱",
+    "flag_for_italy": "🇮🇹",
+    "flag_for_jamaica": "🇯🇲",
+    "flag_for_japan": "🇯🇵",
+    "flag_for_jersey": "🇯🇪",
+    "flag_for_jordan": "🇯🇴",
+    "flag_for_kazakhstan": "🇰🇿",
+    "flag_for_kenya": "🇰🇪",
+    "flag_for_kiribati": "🇰🇮",
+    "flag_for_kosovo": "🇽🇰",
+    "flag_for_kuwait": "🇰🇼",
+    "flag_for_kyrgyzstan": "🇰🇬",
+    "flag_for_laos": "🇱🇦",
+    "flag_for_latvia": "🇱🇻",
+    "flag_for_lebanon": "🇱🇧",
+    "flag_for_lesotho": "🇱🇸",
+    "flag_for_liberia": "🇱🇷",
+    "flag_for_libya": "🇱🇾",
+    "flag_for_liechtenstein": "🇱🇮",
+    "flag_for_lithuania": "🇱🇹",
+    "flag_for_luxembourg": "🇱🇺",
+    "flag_for_macau": "🇲🇴",
+    "flag_for_macedonia": "🇲🇰",
+    "flag_for_madagascar": "🇲🇬",
+    "flag_for_malawi": "🇲🇼",
+    "flag_for_malaysia": "🇲🇾",
+    "flag_for_maldives": "🇲🇻",
+    "flag_for_mali": "🇲🇱",
+    "flag_for_malta": "🇲🇹",
+    "flag_for_marshall_islands": "🇲🇭",
+    "flag_for_martinique": "🇲🇶",
+    "flag_for_mauritania": "🇲🇷",
+    "flag_for_mauritius": "🇲🇺",
+    "flag_for_mayotte": "🇾🇹",
+    "flag_for_mexico": "🇲🇽",
+    "flag_for_micronesia": "🇫🇲",
+    "flag_for_moldova": "🇲🇩",
+    "flag_for_monaco": "🇲🇨",
+    "flag_for_mongolia": "🇲🇳",
+    "flag_for_montenegro": "🇲🇪",
+    "flag_for_montserrat": "🇲🇸",
+    "flag_for_morocco": "🇲🇦",
+    "flag_for_mozambique": "🇲🇿",
+    "flag_for_myanmar": "🇲🇲",
+    "flag_for_namibia": "🇳🇦",
+    "flag_for_nauru": "🇳🇷",
+    "flag_for_nepal": "🇳🇵",
+    "flag_for_netherlands": "🇳🇱",
+    "flag_for_new_caledonia": "🇳🇨",
+    "flag_for_new_zealand": "🇳🇿",
+    "flag_for_nicaragua": "🇳🇮",
+    "flag_for_niger": "🇳🇪",
+    "flag_for_nigeria": "🇳🇬",
+    "flag_for_niue": "🇳🇺",
+    "flag_for_norfolk_island": "🇳🇫",
+    "flag_for_north_korea": "🇰🇵",
+    "flag_for_northern_mariana_islands": "🇲🇵",
+    "flag_for_norway": "🇳🇴",
+    "flag_for_oman": "🇴🇲",
+    "flag_for_pakistan": "🇵🇰",
+    "flag_for_palau": "🇵🇼",
+    "flag_for_palestinian_territories": "🇵🇸",
+    "flag_for_panama": "🇵🇦",
+    "flag_for_papua_new_guinea": "🇵🇬",
+    "flag_for_paraguay": "🇵🇾",
+    "flag_for_peru": "🇵🇪",
+    "flag_for_philippines": "🇵🇭",
+    "flag_for_pitcairn_islands": "🇵🇳",
+    "flag_for_poland": "🇵🇱",
+    "flag_for_portugal": "🇵🇹",
+    "flag_for_puerto_rico": "🇵🇷",
+    "flag_for_qatar": "🇶🇦",
+    "flag_for_romania": "🇷🇴",
+    "flag_for_russia": "🇷🇺",
+    "flag_for_rwanda": "🇷🇼",
+    "flag_for_réunion": "🇷🇪",
+    "flag_for_samoa": "🇼🇸",
+    "flag_for_san_marino": "🇸🇲",
+    "flag_for_saudi_arabia": "🇸🇦",
+    "flag_for_senegal": "🇸🇳",
+    "flag_for_serbia": "🇷🇸",
+    "flag_for_seychelles": "🇸🇨",
+    "flag_for_sierra_leone": "🇸🇱",
+    "flag_for_singapore": "🇸🇬",
+    "flag_for_sint_maarten": "🇸🇽",
+    "flag_for_slovakia": "🇸🇰",
+    "flag_for_slovenia": "🇸🇮",
+    "flag_for_solomon_islands": "🇸🇧",
+    "flag_for_somalia": "🇸🇴",
+    "flag_for_south_africa": "🇿🇦",
+    "flag_for_south_georgia_&_south_sandwich_islands": "🇬🇸",
+    "flag_for_south_korea": "🇰🇷",
+    "flag_for_south_sudan": "🇸🇸",
+    "flag_for_spain": "🇪🇸",
+    "flag_for_sri_lanka": "🇱🇰",
+    "flag_for_st._barthélemy": "🇧🇱",
+    "flag_for_st._helena": "🇸🇭",
+    "flag_for_st._kitts_&_nevis": "🇰🇳",
+    "flag_for_st._lucia": "🇱🇨",
+    "flag_for_st._martin": "🇲🇫",
+    "flag_for_st._pierre_&_miquelon": "🇵🇲",
+    "flag_for_st._vincent_&_grenadines": "🇻🇨",
+    "flag_for_sudan": "🇸🇩",
+    "flag_for_suriname": "🇸🇷",
+    "flag_for_svalbard_&_jan_mayen": "🇸🇯",
+    "flag_for_swaziland": "🇸🇿",
+    "flag_for_sweden": "🇸🇪",
+    "flag_for_switzerland": "🇨🇭",
+    "flag_for_syria": "🇸🇾",
+    "flag_for_são_tomé_&_príncipe": "🇸🇹",
+    "flag_for_taiwan": "🇹🇼",
+    "flag_for_tajikistan": "🇹🇯",
+    "flag_for_tanzania": "🇹🇿",
+    "flag_for_thailand": "🇹🇭",
+    "flag_for_timor__leste": "🇹🇱",
+    "flag_for_togo": "🇹🇬",
+    "flag_for_tokelau": "🇹🇰",
+    "flag_for_tonga": "🇹🇴",
+    "flag_for_trinidad_&_tobago": "🇹🇹",
+    "flag_for_tristan_da_cunha": "🇹🇦",
+    "flag_for_tunisia": "🇹🇳",
+    "flag_for_turkey": "🇹🇷",
+    "flag_for_turkmenistan": "🇹🇲",
+    "flag_for_turks_&_caicos_islands": "🇹🇨",
+    "flag_for_tuvalu": "🇹🇻",
+    "flag_for_u.s._outlying_islands": "🇺🇲",
+    "flag_for_u.s._virgin_islands": "🇻🇮",
+    "flag_for_uganda": "🇺🇬",
+    "flag_for_ukraine": "🇺🇦",
+    "flag_for_united_arab_emirates": "🇦🇪",
+    "flag_for_united_kingdom": "🇬🇧",
+    "flag_for_united_states": "🇺🇸",
+    "flag_for_uruguay": "🇺🇾",
+    "flag_for_uzbekistan": "🇺🇿",
+    "flag_for_vanuatu": "🇻🇺",
+    "flag_for_vatican_city": "🇻🇦",
+    "flag_for_venezuela": "🇻🇪",
+    "flag_for_vietnam": "🇻🇳",
+    "flag_for_wallis_&_futuna": "🇼🇫",
+    "flag_for_western_sahara": "🇪🇭",
+    "flag_for_yemen": "🇾🇪",
+    "flag_for_zambia": "🇿🇲",
+    "flag_for_zimbabwe": "🇿🇼",
+    "flag_for_åland_islands": "🇦🇽",
+    "golf": "⛳",
+    "fleur__de__lis": "⚜",
+    "muscle": "💪",
+    "flushed": "😳",
+    "frame_with_picture": "🖼",
+    "fries": "🍟",
+    "frog": "🐸",
+    "hatched_chick": "🐥",
+    "frowning": "😦",
+    "fuelpump": "⛽",
+    "full_moon_with_face": "🌝",
+    "gem": "💎",
+    "star2": "🌟",
+    "golfer": "🏌",
+    "mortar_board": "🎓",
+    "grimacing": "😬",
+    "smile_cat": "😸",
+    "grinning": "😀",
+    "grin": "😁",
+    "heartpulse": "💗",
+    "guardsman": "💂",
+    "haircut": "💇",
+    "hamster": "🐹",
+    "raising_hand": "🙋",
+    "headphones": "🎧",
+    "hear_no_evil": "🙉",
+    "cupid": "💘",
+    "gift_heart": "💝",
+    "heart": "❤",
+    "exclamation": "❗",
+    "heavy_exclamation_mark": "❗",
+    "heavy_heart_exclamation_mark_ornament": "❣",
+    "o": "⭕",
+    "helm_symbol": "⎈",
+    "helmet_with_white_cross": "⛑",
+    "high_heel": "👠",
+    "bullettrain_side": "🚄",
+    "bullettrain_front": "🚅",
+    "high_brightness": "🔆",
+    "zap": "⚡",
+    "hocho": "🔪",
+    "knife": "🔪",
+    "bee": "🐝",
+    "traffic_light": "🚥",
+    "racehorse": "🐎",
+    "coffee": "☕",
+    "hotsprings": "♨",
+    "hourglass": "⌛",
+    "hourglass_flowing_sand": "⏳",
+    "house_buildings": "🏘",
+    "100": "💯",
+    "hushed": "😯",
+    "ice_hockey_stick_and_puck": "🏒",
+    "imp": "👿",
+    "information_desk_person": "💁",
+    "information_source": "ℹ",
+    "capital_abcd": "🔠",
+    "abc": "🔤",
+    "abcd": "🔡",
+    "1234": "🔢",
+    "symbols": "🔣",
+    "izakaya_lantern": "🏮",
+    "lantern": "🏮",
+    "jack_o_lantern": "🎃",
+    "dolls": "🎎",
+    "japanese_goblin": "👺",
+    "japanese_ogre": "👹",
+    "beginner": "🔰",
+    "zero": "0️⃣",
+    "one": "1️⃣",
+    "ten": "🔟",
+    "two": "2️⃣",
+    "three": "3️⃣",
+    "four": "4️⃣",
+    "five": "5️⃣",
+    "six": "6️⃣",
+    "seven": "7️⃣",
+    "eight": "8️⃣",
+    "nine": "9️⃣",
+    "couplekiss": "💏",
+    "kissing_cat": "😽",
+    "kissing": "😗",
+    "kissing_closed_eyes": "😚",
+    "kissing_smiling_eyes": "😙",
+    "beetle": "🐞",
+    "large_blue_circle": "🔵",
+    "last_quarter_moon_with_face": "🌜",
+    "leaves": "🍃",
+    "mag": "🔍",
+    "left_right_arrow": "↔",
+    "leftwards_arrow_with_hook": "↩",
+    "arrow_left": "⬅",
+    "lock": "🔒",
+    "lock_with_ink_pen": "🔏",
+    "sob": "😭",
+    "low_brightness": "🔅",
+    "lower_left_ballpoint_pen": "🖊",
+    "lower_left_crayon": "🖍",
+    "lower_left_fountain_pen": "🖋",
+    "lower_left_paintbrush": "🖌",
+    "mahjong": "🀄",
+    "couple": "👫",
+    "man_in_business_suit_levitating": "🕴",
+    "man_with_gua_pi_mao": "👲",
+    "man_with_turban": "👳",
+    "mans_shoe": "👞",
+    "shoe": "👞",
+    "menorah_with_nine_branches": "🕎",
+    "mens": "🚹",
+    "minidisc": "💽",
+    "iphone": "📱",
+    "calling": "📲",
+    "money__mouth_face": "🤑",
+    "moneybag": "💰",
+    "rice_scene": "🎑",
+    "mountain_bicyclist": "🚵",
+    "mouse2": "🐁",
+    "lips": "👄",
+    "moyai": "🗿",
+    "notes": "🎶",
+    "nail_care": "💅",
+    "ab": "🆎",
+    "negative_squared_cross_mark": "❎",
+    "a": "🅰",
+    "b": "🅱",
+    "o2": "🅾",
+    "parking": "🅿",
+    "new_moon_with_face": "🌚",
+    "no_entry_sign": "🚫",
+    "underage": "🔞",
+    "non__potable_water": "🚱",
+    "arrow_upper_right": "↗",
+    "arrow_upper_left": "↖",
+    "office": "🏢",
+    "older_man": "👴",
+    "older_woman": "👵",
+    "om_symbol": "🕉",
+    "on": "🔛",
+    "book": "📖",
+    "unlock": "🔓",
+    "mailbox_with_no_mail": "📭",
+    "mailbox_with_mail": "📬",
+    "cd": "💿",
+    "tada": "🎉",
+    "feet": "🐾",
+    "walking": "🚶",
+    "pencil2": "✏",
+    "pensive": "😔",
+    "persevere": "😣",
+    "bow": "🙇",
+    "raised_hands": "🙌",
+    "person_with_ball": "⛹",
+    "person_with_blond_hair": "👱",
+    "pray": "🙏",
+    "person_with_pouting_face": "🙎",
+    "computer": "💻",
+    "pig2": "🐖",
+    "hankey": "💩",
+    "poop": "💩",
+    "shit": "💩",
+    "bamboo": "🎍",
+    "gun": "🔫",
+    "black_joker": "🃏",
+    "rotating_light": "🚨",
+    "cop": "👮",
+    "stew": "🍲",
+    "pouch": "👝",
+    "pouting_cat": "😾",
+    "rage": "😡",
+    "put_litter_in_its_place": "🚮",
+    "rabbit2": "🐇",
+    "racing_motorcycle": "🏍",
+    "radioactive_sign": "☢",
+    "fist": "✊",
+    "hand": "✋",
+    "raised_hand_with_fingers_splayed": "🖐",
+    "raised_hand_with_part_between_middle_and_ring_fingers": "🖖",
+    "blue_car": "🚙",
+    "apple": "🍎",
+    "relieved": "😌",
+    "reversed_hand_with_middle_finger_extended": "🖕",
+    "mag_right": "🔎",
+    "arrow_right_hook": "↪",
+    "sweet_potato": "🍠",
+    "robot": "🤖",
+    "rolled__up_newspaper": "🗞",
+    "rowboat": "🚣",
+    "runner": "🏃",
+    "running": "🏃",
+    "running_shirt_with_sash": "🎽",
+    "boat": "⛵",
+    "scales": "⚖",
+    "school_satchel": "🎒",
+    "scorpius": "♏",
+    "see_no_evil": "🙈",
+    "sheep": "🐑",
+    "stars": "🌠",
+    "cake": "🍰",
+    "six_pointed_star": "🔯",
+    "ski": "🎿",
+    "sleeping_accommodation": "🛌",
+    "sleeping": "😴",
+    "sleepy": "😪",
+    "sleuth_or_spy": "🕵",
+    "heart_eyes_cat": "😻",
+    "smiley_cat": "😺",
+    "innocent": "😇",
+    "heart_eyes": "😍",
+    "smiling_imp": "😈",
+    "smiley": "😃",
+    "sweat_smile": "😅",
+    "smile": "😄",
+    "laughing": "😆",
+    "satisfied": "😆",
+    "blush": "😊",
+    "smirk": "😏",
+    "smoking": "🚬",
+    "snow_capped_mountain": "🏔",
+    "soccer": "⚽",
+    "icecream": "🍦",
+    "soon": "🔜",
+    "arrow_lower_right": "↘",
+    "arrow_lower_left": "↙",
+    "speak_no_evil": "🙊",
+    "speaker": "🔈",
+    "mute": "🔇",
+    "sound": "🔉",
+    "loud_sound": "🔊",
+    "speaking_head_in_silhouette": "🗣",
+    "spiral_calendar_pad": "🗓",
+    "spiral_note_pad": "🗒",
+    "shell": "🐚",
+    "sweat_drops": "💦",
+    "u5272": "🈹",
+    "u5408": "🈴",
+    "u55b6": "🈺",
+    "u6307": "🈯",
+    "u6708": "🈷",
+    "u6709": "🈶",
+    "u6e80": "🈵",
+    "u7121": "🈚",
+    "u7533": "🈸",
+    "u7981": "🈲",
+    "u7a7a": "🈳",
+    "cl": "🆑",
+    "cool": "🆒",
+    "free": "🆓",
+    "id": "🆔",
+    "koko": "🈁",
+    "sa": "🈂",
+    "new": "🆕",
+    "ng": "🆖",
+    "ok": "🆗",
+    "sos": "🆘",
+    "up": "🆙",
+    "vs": "🆚",
+    "steam_locomotive": "🚂",
+    "ramen": "🍜",
+    "partly_sunny": "⛅",
+    "city_sunrise": "🌇",
+    "surfer": "🏄",
+    "swimmer": "🏊",
+    "shirt": "👕",
+    "tshirt": "👕",
+    "table_tennis_paddle_and_ball": "🏓",
+    "tea": "🍵",
+    "tv": "📺",
+    "three_button_mouse": "🖱",
+    "+1": "👍",
+    "thumbsup": "👍",
+    "__1": "👎",
+    "-1": "👎",
+    "thumbsdown": "👎",
+    "thunder_cloud_and_rain": "⛈",
+    "tiger2": "🐅",
+    "tophat": "🎩",
+    "top": "🔝",
+    "tm": "™",
+    "train2": "🚆",
+    "triangular_flag_on_post": "🚩",
+    "trident": "🔱",
+    "twisted_rightwards_arrows": "🔀",
+    "unamused": "😒",
+    "small_red_triangle": "🔺",
+    "arrow_up_small": "🔼",
+    "arrow_up_down": "↕",
+    "upside__down_face": "🙃",
+    "arrow_up": "⬆",
+    "v": "✌",
+    "vhs": "📼",
+    "wc": "🚾",
+    "ocean": "🌊",
+    "waving_black_flag": "🏴",
+    "wave": "👋",
+    "waving_white_flag": "🏳",
+    "moon": "🌔",
+    "scream_cat": "🙀",
+    "weary": "😩",
+    "weight_lifter": "🏋",
+    "whale2": "🐋",
+    "wheelchair": "♿",
+    "point_down": "👇",
+    "grey_exclamation": "❕",
+    "white_frowning_face": "☹",
+    "white_check_mark": "✅",
+    "point_left": "👈",
+    "white_medium_small_square": "◽",
+    "star": "⭐",
+    "grey_question": "❔",
+    "point_right": "👉",
+    "relaxed": "☺",
+    "white_sun_behind_cloud": "🌥",
+    "white_sun_behind_cloud_with_rain": "🌦",
+    "white_sun_with_small_cloud": "🌤",
+    "point_up_2": "👆",
+    "point_up": "☝",
+    "wind_blowing_face": "🌬",
+    "wink": "😉",
+    "wolf": "🐺",
+    "dancers": "👯",
+    "boot": "👢",
+    "womans_clothes": "👚",
+    "womans_hat": "👒",
+    "sandal": "👡",
+    "womens": "🚺",
+    "worried": "😟",
+    "gift": "🎁",
+    "zipper__mouth_face": "🤐",
+    "regional_indicator_a": "🇦",
+    "regional_indicator_b": "🇧",
+    "regional_indicator_c": "🇨",
+    "regional_indicator_d": "🇩",
+    "regional_indicator_e": "🇪",
+    "regional_indicator_f": "🇫",
+    "regional_indicator_g": "🇬",
+    "regional_indicator_h": "🇭",
+    "regional_indicator_i": "🇮",
+    "regional_indicator_j": "🇯",
+    "regional_indicator_k": "🇰",
+    "regional_indicator_l": "🇱",
+    "regional_indicator_m": "🇲",
+    "regional_indicator_n": "🇳",
+    "regional_indicator_o": "🇴",
+    "regional_indicator_p": "🇵",
+    "regional_indicator_q": "🇶",
+    "regional_indicator_r": "🇷",
+    "regional_indicator_s": "🇸",
+    "regional_indicator_t": "🇹",
+    "regional_indicator_u": "🇺",
+    "regional_indicator_v": "🇻",
+    "regional_indicator_w": "🇼",
+    "regional_indicator_x": "🇽",
+    "regional_indicator_y": "🇾",
+    "regional_indicator_z": "🇿",
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb2cafa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_emoji_replace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from typing import Callable, Match, Optional
+import re
+
+from ._emoji_codes import EMOJI
+
+
+_ReStringMatch = Match[str]  # regex match object
+_ReSubCallable = Callable[[_ReStringMatch], str]  # Callable invoked by re.sub
+_EmojiSubMethod = Callable[[_ReSubCallable, str], str]  # Sub method of a compiled re
+
+
+def _emoji_replace(
+    text: str,
+    default_variant: Optional[str] = None,
+    _emoji_sub: _EmojiSubMethod = re.compile(r"(:(\S*?)(?:(?:\-)(emoji|text))?:)").sub,
+) -> str:
+    """Replace emoji code in text."""
+    get_emoji = EMOJI.__getitem__
+    variants = {"text": "\uFE0E", "emoji": "\uFE0F"}
+    get_variant = variants.get
+    default_variant_code = variants.get(default_variant, "") if default_variant else ""
+
+    def do_replace(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        emoji_code, emoji_name, variant = match.groups()
+        try:
+            return get_emoji(emoji_name.lower()) + get_variant(
+                variant, default_variant_code
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            return emoji_code
+
+    return _emoji_sub(do_replace, text)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..094d2dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_export_format.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT = """\
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<style>
+{stylesheet}
+body {{
+    color: {foreground};
+    background-color: {background};
+}}
+</style>
+</head>
+<html>
+<body>
+    <pre style="font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace"><code>{code}</code></pre>
+</body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT = """\
+<svg class="rich-terminal" viewBox="0 0 {width} {height}" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+    <!-- Generated with Rich https://www.textualize.io -->
+    <style>
+
+    @font-face {{
+        font-family: "Fira Code";
+        src: local("FiraCode-Regular"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff2/FiraCode-Regular.woff2") format("woff2"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff/FiraCode-Regular.woff") format("woff");
+        font-style: normal;
+        font-weight: 400;
+    }}
+    @font-face {{
+        font-family: "Fira Code";
+        src: local("FiraCode-Bold"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff2/FiraCode-Bold.woff2") format("woff2"),
+                url("https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/firacode/6.2.0/woff/FiraCode-Bold.woff") format("woff");
+        font-style: bold;
+        font-weight: 700;
+    }}
+
+    .{unique_id}-matrix {{
+        font-family: Fira Code, monospace;
+        font-size: {char_height}px;
+        line-height: {line_height}px;
+        font-variant-east-asian: full-width;
+    }}
+
+    .{unique_id}-title {{
+        font-size: 18px;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        font-family: arial;
+    }}
+
+    {styles}
+    </style>
+
+    <defs>
+    <clipPath id="{unique_id}-clip-terminal">
+      <rect x="0" y="0" width="{terminal_width}" height="{terminal_height}" />
+    </clipPath>
+    {lines}
+    </defs>
+
+    {chrome}
+    <g transform="translate({terminal_x}, {terminal_y})" clip-path="url(#{unique_id}-clip-terminal)">
+    {backgrounds}
+    <g class="{unique_id}-matrix">
+    {matrix}
+    </g>
+    </g>
+</svg>
+"""
+
+_SVG_FONT_FAMILY = "Rich Fira Code"
+_SVG_CLASSES_PREFIX = "rich-svg"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbd6da9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_extension.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def load_ipython_extension(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    # prevent circular import
+    from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import install
+    from pip._vendor.rich.traceback import install as tr_install
+
+    install()
+    tr_install()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b17ee65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_fileno.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import IO, Callable
+
+
+def get_fileno(file_like: IO[str]) -> int | None:
+    """Get fileno() from a file, accounting for poorly implemented file-like objects.
+
+    Args:
+        file_like (IO): A file-like object.
+
+    Returns:
+        int | None: The result of fileno if available, or None if operation failed.
+    """
+    fileno: Callable[[], int] | None = getattr(file_like, "fileno", None)
+    if fileno is not None:
+        try:
+            return fileno()
+        except Exception:
+            # `fileno` is documented as potentially raising a OSError
+            # Alas, from the issues, there are so many poorly implemented file-like objects,
+            # that `fileno()` can raise just about anything.
+            return None
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30446ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import inspect
+from inspect import cleandoc, getdoc, getfile, isclass, ismodule, signature
+from typing import Any, Collection, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from .console import Group, RenderableType
+from .control import escape_control_codes
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+
+def _first_paragraph(doc: str) -> str:
+    """Get the first paragraph from a docstring."""
+    paragraph, _, _ = doc.partition("\n\n")
+    return paragraph
+
+
+class Inspect(JupyterMixin):
+    """A renderable to inspect any Python Object.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
+        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
+        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
+        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
+        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
+        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
+        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
+        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
+        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
+        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value of object. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        help: bool = False,
+        methods: bool = False,
+        docs: bool = True,
+        private: bool = False,
+        dunder: bool = False,
+        sort: bool = True,
+        all: bool = True,
+        value: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        self.obj = obj
+        self.title = title or self._make_title(obj)
+        if all:
+            methods = private = dunder = True
+        self.help = help
+        self.methods = methods
+        self.docs = docs or help
+        self.private = private or dunder
+        self.dunder = dunder
+        self.sort = sort
+        self.value = value
+
+    def _make_title(self, obj: Any) -> Text:
+        """Make a default title."""
+        title_str = (
+            str(obj)
+            if (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj))
+            else str(type(obj))
+        )
+        title_text = self.highlighter(title_str)
+        return title_text
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Panel:
+        return Panel.fit(
+            Group(*self._render()),
+            title=self.title,
+            border_style="scope.border",
+            padding=(0, 1),
+        )
+
+    def _get_signature(self, name: str, obj: Any) -> Optional[Text]:
+        """Get a signature for a callable."""
+        try:
+            _signature = str(signature(obj)) + ":"
+        except ValueError:
+            _signature = "(...)"
+        except TypeError:
+            return None
+
+        source_filename: Optional[str] = None
+        try:
+            source_filename = getfile(obj)
+        except (OSError, TypeError):
+            # OSError is raised if obj has no source file, e.g. when defined in REPL.
+            pass
+
+        callable_name = Text(name, style="inspect.callable")
+        if source_filename:
+            callable_name.stylize(f"link file://{source_filename}")
+        signature_text = self.highlighter(_signature)
+
+        qualname = name or getattr(obj, "__qualname__", name)
+
+        # If obj is a module, there may be classes (which are callable) to display
+        if inspect.isclass(obj):
+            prefix = "class"
+        elif inspect.iscoroutinefunction(obj):
+            prefix = "async def"
+        else:
+            prefix = "def"
+
+        qual_signature = Text.assemble(
+            (f"{prefix} ", f"inspect.{prefix.replace(' ', '_')}"),
+            (qualname, "inspect.callable"),
+            signature_text,
+        )
+
+        return qual_signature
+
+    def _render(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
+        """Render object."""
+
+        def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+            key, (_error, value) = item
+            return (callable(value), key.strip("_").lower())
+
+        def safe_getattr(attr_name: str) -> Tuple[Any, Any]:
+            """Get attribute or any exception."""
+            try:
+                return (None, getattr(obj, attr_name))
+            except Exception as error:
+                return (error, None)
+
+        obj = self.obj
+        keys = dir(obj)
+        total_items = len(keys)
+        if not self.dunder:
+            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("__")]
+        if not self.private:
+            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("_")]
+        not_shown_count = total_items - len(keys)
+        items = [(key, safe_getattr(key)) for key in keys]
+        if self.sort:
+            items.sort(key=sort_items)
+
+        items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
+        items_table.add_column(justify="right")
+        add_row = items_table.add_row
+        highlighter = self.highlighter
+
+        if callable(obj):
+            signature = self._get_signature("", obj)
+            if signature is not None:
+                yield signature
+                yield ""
+
+        if self.docs:
+            _doc = self._get_formatted_doc(obj)
+            if _doc is not None:
+                doc_text = Text(_doc, style="inspect.help")
+                doc_text = highlighter(doc_text)
+                yield doc_text
+                yield ""
+
+        if self.value and not (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj)):
+            yield Panel(
+                Pretty(obj, indent_guides=True, max_length=10, max_string=60),
+                border_style="inspect.value.border",
+            )
+            yield ""
+
+        for key, (error, value) in items:
+            key_text = Text.assemble(
+                (
+                    key,
+                    "inspect.attr.dunder" if key.startswith("__") else "inspect.attr",
+                ),
+                (" =", "inspect.equals"),
+            )
+            if error is not None:
+                warning = key_text.copy()
+                warning.stylize("inspect.error")
+                add_row(warning, highlighter(repr(error)))
+                continue
+
+            if callable(value):
+                if not self.methods:
+                    continue
+
+                _signature_text = self._get_signature(key, value)
+                if _signature_text is None:
+                    add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
+                else:
+                    if self.docs:
+                        docs = self._get_formatted_doc(value)
+                        if docs is not None:
+                            _signature_text.append("\n" if "\n" in docs else " ")
+                            doc = highlighter(docs)
+                            doc.stylize("inspect.doc")
+                            _signature_text.append(doc)
+
+                    add_row(key_text, _signature_text)
+            else:
+                add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
+        if items_table.row_count:
+            yield items_table
+        elif not_shown_count:
+            yield Text.from_markup(
+                f"[b cyan]{not_shown_count}[/][i] attribute(s) not shown.[/i] "
+                f"Run [b][magenta]inspect[/]([not b]inspect[/])[/b] for options."
+            )
+
+    def _get_formatted_doc(self, object_: Any) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Extract the docstring of an object, process it and returns it.
+        The processing consists in cleaning up the doctring's indentation,
+        taking only its 1st paragraph if `self.help` is not True,
+        and escape its control codes.
+
+        Args:
+            object_ (Any): the object to get the docstring from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: the processed docstring, or None if no docstring was found.
+        """
+        docs = getdoc(object_)
+        if docs is None:
+            return None
+        docs = cleandoc(docs).strip()
+        if not self.help:
+            docs = _first_paragraph(docs)
+        return escape_control_codes(docs)
+
+
+def get_object_types_mro(obj: Union[object, Type[Any]]) -> Tuple[type, ...]:
+    """Returns the MRO of an object's class, or of the object itself if it's a class."""
+    if not hasattr(obj, "__mro__"):
+        # N.B. we cannot use `if type(obj) is type` here because it doesn't work with
+        # some types of classes, such as the ones that use abc.ABCMeta.
+        obj = type(obj)
+    return getattr(obj, "__mro__", ())
+
+
+def get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj: object) -> Collection[str]:
+    """
+    Returns the MRO of an object's class as full qualified names, or of the object itself if it's a class.
+
+    Examples:
+        `object_types_mro_as_strings(JSONDecoder)` will return `['json.decoder.JSONDecoder', 'builtins.object']`
+    """
+    return [
+        f'{getattr(type_, "__module__", "")}.{getattr(type_, "__qualname__", "")}'
+        for type_ in get_object_types_mro(obj)
+    ]
+
+
+def is_object_one_of_types(
+    obj: object, fully_qualified_types_names: Collection[str]
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Returns `True` if the given object's class (or the object itself, if it's a class) has one of the
+    fully qualified names in its MRO.
+    """
+    for type_name in get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj):
+        if type_name in fully_qualified_types_names:
+            return True
+    return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc16c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_log_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, Callable
+
+
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable, RenderableType
+    from .table import Table
+
+FormatTimeCallable = Callable[[datetime], Text]
+
+
+class LogRender:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        show_time: bool = True,
+        show_level: bool = False,
+        show_path: bool = True,
+        time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
+        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
+        level_width: Optional[int] = 8,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.show_time = show_time
+        self.show_level = show_level
+        self.show_path = show_path
+        self.time_format = time_format
+        self.omit_repeated_times = omit_repeated_times
+        self.level_width = level_width
+        self._last_time: Optional[Text] = None
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        renderables: Iterable["ConsoleRenderable"],
+        log_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
+        time_format: Optional[Union[str, FormatTimeCallable]] = None,
+        level: TextType = "",
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        line_no: Optional[int] = None,
+        link_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> "Table":
+        from .containers import Renderables
+        from .table import Table
+
+        output = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1))
+        output.expand = True
+        if self.show_time:
+            output.add_column(style="log.time")
+        if self.show_level:
+            output.add_column(style="log.level", width=self.level_width)
+        output.add_column(ratio=1, style="log.message", overflow="fold")
+        if self.show_path and path:
+            output.add_column(style="log.path")
+        row: List["RenderableType"] = []
+        if self.show_time:
+            log_time = log_time or console.get_datetime()
+            time_format = time_format or self.time_format
+            if callable(time_format):
+                log_time_display = time_format(log_time)
+            else:
+                log_time_display = Text(log_time.strftime(time_format))
+            if log_time_display == self._last_time and self.omit_repeated_times:
+                row.append(Text(" " * len(log_time_display)))
+            else:
+                row.append(log_time_display)
+                self._last_time = log_time_display
+        if self.show_level:
+            row.append(level)
+
+        row.append(Renderables(renderables))
+        if self.show_path and path:
+            path_text = Text()
+            path_text.append(
+                path, style=f"link file://{link_path}" if link_path else ""
+            )
+            if line_no:
+                path_text.append(":")
+                path_text.append(
+                    f"{line_no}",
+                    style=f"link file://{link_path}#{line_no}" if link_path else "",
+                )
+            row.append(path_text)
+
+        output.add_row(*row)
+        return output
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    c = Console()
+    c.print("[on blue]Hello", justify="right")
+    c.log("[on blue]hello", justify="right")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c6caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_loop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Tuple, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def loop_first(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    yield True, value
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, value
+
+
+def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value
+
+
+def loop_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    first = True
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield first, False, previous_value
+        first = False
+        previous_value = value
+    yield first, True, previous_value
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b659673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Type
+
+
+class NullFile(IO[str]):
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def read(self, __n: int = 1) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def readline(self, __limit: int = 1) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def readlines(self, __hint: int = 1) -> List[str]:
+        return []
+
+    def seek(self, __offset: int, __whence: int = 1) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def truncate(self, __size: Optional[int] = 1) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def writelines(self, __lines: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __next__(self) -> str:
+        return ""
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter([""])
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> IO[str]:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        __t: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        __value: Optional[BaseException],
+        __traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return -1
+
+
+NULL_FILE = NullFile()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c748d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_palettes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+from .palette import Palette
+
+
+# Taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code (Windows 10 column)
+WINDOWS_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (12, 12, 12),
+        (197, 15, 31),
+        (19, 161, 14),
+        (193, 156, 0),
+        (0, 55, 218),
+        (136, 23, 152),
+        (58, 150, 221),
+        (204, 204, 204),
+        (118, 118, 118),
+        (231, 72, 86),
+        (22, 198, 12),
+        (249, 241, 165),
+        (59, 120, 255),
+        (180, 0, 158),
+        (97, 214, 214),
+        (242, 242, 242),
+    ]
+)
+
+# # The standard ansi colors (including bright variants)
+STANDARD_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (170, 0, 0),
+        (0, 170, 0),
+        (170, 85, 0),
+        (0, 0, 170),
+        (170, 0, 170),
+        (0, 170, 170),
+        (170, 170, 170),
+        (85, 85, 85),
+        (255, 85, 85),
+        (85, 255, 85),
+        (255, 255, 85),
+        (85, 85, 255),
+        (255, 85, 255),
+        (85, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# The 256 color palette
+EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE = Palette(
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (128, 0, 0),
+        (0, 128, 0),
+        (128, 128, 0),
+        (0, 0, 128),
+        (128, 0, 128),
+        (0, 128, 128),
+        (192, 192, 192),
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (0, 0, 95),
+        (0, 0, 135),
+        (0, 0, 175),
+        (0, 0, 215),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (0, 95, 0),
+        (0, 95, 95),
+        (0, 95, 135),
+        (0, 95, 175),
+        (0, 95, 215),
+        (0, 95, 255),
+        (0, 135, 0),
+        (0, 135, 95),
+        (0, 135, 135),
+        (0, 135, 175),
+        (0, 135, 215),
+        (0, 135, 255),
+        (0, 175, 0),
+        (0, 175, 95),
+        (0, 175, 135),
+        (0, 175, 175),
+        (0, 175, 215),
+        (0, 175, 255),
+        (0, 215, 0),
+        (0, 215, 95),
+        (0, 215, 135),
+        (0, 215, 175),
+        (0, 215, 215),
+        (0, 215, 255),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (0, 255, 95),
+        (0, 255, 135),
+        (0, 255, 175),
+        (0, 255, 215),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (95, 0, 0),
+        (95, 0, 95),
+        (95, 0, 135),
+        (95, 0, 175),
+        (95, 0, 215),
+        (95, 0, 255),
+        (95, 95, 0),
+        (95, 95, 95),
+        (95, 95, 135),
+        (95, 95, 175),
+        (95, 95, 215),
+        (95, 95, 255),
+        (95, 135, 0),
+        (95, 135, 95),
+        (95, 135, 135),
+        (95, 135, 175),
+        (95, 135, 215),
+        (95, 135, 255),
+        (95, 175, 0),
+        (95, 175, 95),
+        (95, 175, 135),
+        (95, 175, 175),
+        (95, 175, 215),
+        (95, 175, 255),
+        (95, 215, 0),
+        (95, 215, 95),
+        (95, 215, 135),
+        (95, 215, 175),
+        (95, 215, 215),
+        (95, 215, 255),
+        (95, 255, 0),
+        (95, 255, 95),
+        (95, 255, 135),
+        (95, 255, 175),
+        (95, 255, 215),
+        (95, 255, 255),
+        (135, 0, 0),
+        (135, 0, 95),
+        (135, 0, 135),
+        (135, 0, 175),
+        (135, 0, 215),
+        (135, 0, 255),
+        (135, 95, 0),
+        (135, 95, 95),
+        (135, 95, 135),
+        (135, 95, 175),
+        (135, 95, 215),
+        (135, 95, 255),
+        (135, 135, 0),
+        (135, 135, 95),
+        (135, 135, 135),
+        (135, 135, 175),
+        (135, 135, 215),
+        (135, 135, 255),
+        (135, 175, 0),
+        (135, 175, 95),
+        (135, 175, 135),
+        (135, 175, 175),
+        (135, 175, 215),
+        (135, 175, 255),
+        (135, 215, 0),
+        (135, 215, 95),
+        (135, 215, 135),
+        (135, 215, 175),
+        (135, 215, 215),
+        (135, 215, 255),
+        (135, 255, 0),
+        (135, 255, 95),
+        (135, 255, 135),
+        (135, 255, 175),
+        (135, 255, 215),
+        (135, 255, 255),
+        (175, 0, 0),
+        (175, 0, 95),
+        (175, 0, 135),
+        (175, 0, 175),
+        (175, 0, 215),
+        (175, 0, 255),
+        (175, 95, 0),
+        (175, 95, 95),
+        (175, 95, 135),
+        (175, 95, 175),
+        (175, 95, 215),
+        (175, 95, 255),
+        (175, 135, 0),
+        (175, 135, 95),
+        (175, 135, 135),
+        (175, 135, 175),
+        (175, 135, 215),
+        (175, 135, 255),
+        (175, 175, 0),
+        (175, 175, 95),
+        (175, 175, 135),
+        (175, 175, 175),
+        (175, 175, 215),
+        (175, 175, 255),
+        (175, 215, 0),
+        (175, 215, 95),
+        (175, 215, 135),
+        (175, 215, 175),
+        (175, 215, 215),
+        (175, 215, 255),
+        (175, 255, 0),
+        (175, 255, 95),
+        (175, 255, 135),
+        (175, 255, 175),
+        (175, 255, 215),
+        (175, 255, 255),
+        (215, 0, 0),
+        (215, 0, 95),
+        (215, 0, 135),
+        (215, 0, 175),
+        (215, 0, 215),
+        (215, 0, 255),
+        (215, 95, 0),
+        (215, 95, 95),
+        (215, 95, 135),
+        (215, 95, 175),
+        (215, 95, 215),
+        (215, 95, 255),
+        (215, 135, 0),
+        (215, 135, 95),
+        (215, 135, 135),
+        (215, 135, 175),
+        (215, 135, 215),
+        (215, 135, 255),
+        (215, 175, 0),
+        (215, 175, 95),
+        (215, 175, 135),
+        (215, 175, 175),
+        (215, 175, 215),
+        (215, 175, 255),
+        (215, 215, 0),
+        (215, 215, 95),
+        (215, 215, 135),
+        (215, 215, 175),
+        (215, 215, 215),
+        (215, 215, 255),
+        (215, 255, 0),
+        (215, 255, 95),
+        (215, 255, 135),
+        (215, 255, 175),
+        (215, 255, 215),
+        (215, 255, 255),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (255, 0, 95),
+        (255, 0, 135),
+        (255, 0, 175),
+        (255, 0, 215),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (255, 95, 0),
+        (255, 95, 95),
+        (255, 95, 135),
+        (255, 95, 175),
+        (255, 95, 215),
+        (255, 95, 255),
+        (255, 135, 0),
+        (255, 135, 95),
+        (255, 135, 135),
+        (255, 135, 175),
+        (255, 135, 215),
+        (255, 135, 255),
+        (255, 175, 0),
+        (255, 175, 95),
+        (255, 175, 135),
+        (255, 175, 175),
+        (255, 175, 215),
+        (255, 175, 255),
+        (255, 215, 0),
+        (255, 215, 95),
+        (255, 215, 135),
+        (255, 215, 175),
+        (255, 215, 215),
+        (255, 215, 255),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 95),
+        (255, 255, 135),
+        (255, 255, 175),
+        (255, 255, 215),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+        (8, 8, 8),
+        (18, 18, 18),
+        (28, 28, 28),
+        (38, 38, 38),
+        (48, 48, 48),
+        (58, 58, 58),
+        (68, 68, 68),
+        (78, 78, 78),
+        (88, 88, 88),
+        (98, 98, 98),
+        (108, 108, 108),
+        (118, 118, 118),
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (138, 138, 138),
+        (148, 148, 148),
+        (158, 158, 158),
+        (168, 168, 168),
+        (178, 178, 178),
+        (188, 188, 188),
+        (198, 198, 198),
+        (208, 208, 208),
+        (218, 218, 218),
+        (228, 228, 228),
+        (238, 238, 238),
+    ]
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f6d8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_pick.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+def pick_bool(*values: Optional[bool]) -> bool:
+    """Pick the first non-none bool or return the last value.
+
+    Args:
+        *values (bool): Any number of boolean or None values.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: First non-none boolean.
+    """
+    assert values, "1 or more values required"
+    for value in values:
+        if value is not None:
+            return value
+    return bool(value)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a3a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_ratio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import sys
+from fractions import Fraction
+from math import ceil
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, Sequence
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Protocol
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Protocol  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class Edge(Protocol):
+    """Any object that defines an edge (such as Layout)."""
+
+    size: Optional[int] = None
+    ratio: int = 1
+    minimum_size: int = 1
+
+
+def ratio_resolve(total: int, edges: Sequence[Edge]) -> List[int]:
+    """Divide total space to satisfy size, ratio, and minimum_size, constraints.
+
+    The returned list of integers should add up to total in most cases, unless it is
+    impossible to satisfy all the constraints. For instance, if there are two edges
+    with a minimum size of 20 each and `total` is 30 then the returned list will be
+    greater than total. In practice, this would mean that a Layout object would
+    clip the rows that would overflow the screen height.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): Total number of characters.
+        edges (List[Edge]): Edges within total space.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: Number of characters for each edge.
+    """
+    # Size of edge or None for yet to be determined
+    sizes = [(edge.size or None) for edge in edges]
+
+    _Fraction = Fraction
+
+    # While any edges haven't been calculated
+    while None in sizes:
+        # Get flexible edges and index to map these back on to sizes list
+        flexible_edges = [
+            (index, edge)
+            for index, (size, edge) in enumerate(zip(sizes, edges))
+            if size is None
+        ]
+        # Remaining space in total
+        remaining = total - sum(size or 0 for size in sizes)
+        if remaining <= 0:
+            # No room for flexible edges
+            return [
+                ((edge.minimum_size or 1) if size is None else size)
+                for size, edge in zip(sizes, edges)
+            ]
+        # Calculate number of characters in a ratio portion
+        portion = _Fraction(
+            remaining, sum((edge.ratio or 1) for _, edge in flexible_edges)
+        )
+
+        # If any edges will be less than their minimum, replace size with the minimum
+        for index, edge in flexible_edges:
+            if portion * edge.ratio <= edge.minimum_size:
+                sizes[index] = edge.minimum_size
+                # New fixed size will invalidate calculations, so we need to repeat the process
+                break
+        else:
+            # Distribute flexible space and compensate for rounding error
+            # Since edge sizes can only be integers we need to add the remainder
+            # to the following line
+            remainder = _Fraction(0)
+            for index, edge in flexible_edges:
+                size, remainder = divmod(portion * edge.ratio + remainder, 1)
+                sizes[index] = size
+            break
+    # Sizes now contains integers only
+    return cast(List[int], sizes)
+
+
+def ratio_reduce(
+    total: int, ratios: List[int], maximums: List[int], values: List[int]
+) -> List[int]:
+    """Divide an integer total in to parts based on ratios.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): The total to divide.
+        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
+        maximums (List[int]): List of maximums values for each slot.
+        values (List[int]): List of values
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
+    """
+    ratios = [ratio if _max else 0 for ratio, _max in zip(ratios, maximums)]
+    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
+    if not total_ratio:
+        return values[:]
+    total_remaining = total
+    result: List[int] = []
+    append = result.append
+    for ratio, maximum, value in zip(ratios, maximums, values):
+        if ratio and total_ratio > 0:
+            distributed = min(maximum, round(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
+            append(value - distributed)
+            total_remaining -= distributed
+            total_ratio -= ratio
+        else:
+            append(value)
+    return result
+
+
+def ratio_distribute(
+    total: int, ratios: List[int], minimums: Optional[List[int]] = None
+) -> List[int]:
+    """Distribute an integer total in to parts based on ratios.
+
+    Args:
+        total (int): The total to divide.
+        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
+        minimums (List[int]): List of minimum values for each slot.
+
+    Returns:
+        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
+    """
+    if minimums:
+        ratios = [ratio if _min else 0 for ratio, _min in zip(ratios, minimums)]
+    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
+    assert total_ratio > 0, "Sum of ratios must be > 0"
+
+    total_remaining = total
+    distributed_total: List[int] = []
+    append = distributed_total.append
+    if minimums is None:
+        _minimums = [0] * len(ratios)
+    else:
+        _minimums = minimums
+    for ratio, minimum in zip(ratios, _minimums):
+        if total_ratio > 0:
+            distributed = max(minimum, ceil(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
+        else:
+            distributed = total_remaining
+        append(distributed)
+        total_ratio -= ratio
+        total_remaining -= distributed
+    return distributed_total
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+    @dataclass
+    class E:
+
+        size: Optional[int] = None
+        ratio: int = 1
+        minimum_size: int = 1
+
+    resolved = ratio_resolve(110, [E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1)])
+    print(sum(resolved))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0bb1fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_spinners.py
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+"""
+Spinners are from:
+* cli-spinners:
+    MIT License
+    Copyright (c) Sindre Sorhus <sindresorhus@gmail.com> (sindresorhus.com)
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+    the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+    subject to the following conditions:
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+    in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+    INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+    PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+    FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+    ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+    IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+SPINNERS = {
+    "dots": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏",
+    },
+    "dots2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⣾⣽⣻⢿⡿⣟⣯⣷"},
+    "dots3": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠚⠞⠖⠦⠴⠲⠳⠓",
+    },
+    "dots4": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠄⠆⠇⠋⠙⠸⠰⠠⠰⠸⠙⠋⠇⠆",
+    },
+    "dots5": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠋⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋",
+    },
+    "dots6": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠁⠉⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠤⠄⠄⠤⠴⠲⠒⠂⠂⠒⠚⠙⠉⠁",
+    },
+    "dots7": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠈⠉⠋⠓⠒⠐⠐⠒⠖⠦⠤⠠⠠⠤⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋⠉⠈",
+    },
+    "dots8": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠁⠁⠉⠙⠚⠒⠂⠂⠒⠲⠴⠤⠄⠄⠤⠠⠠⠤⠦⠖⠒⠐⠐⠒⠓⠋⠉⠈⠈",
+    },
+    "dots9": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⢹⢺⢼⣸⣇⡧⡗⡏"},
+    "dots10": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⢄⢂⢁⡁⡈⡐⡠"},
+    "dots11": {"interval": 100, "frames": "⠁⠂⠄⡀⢀⠠⠐⠈"},
+    "dots12": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "⢀⠀",
+            "⡀⠀",
+            "⠄⠀",
+            "⢂⠀",
+            "⡂⠀",
+            "⠅⠀",
+            "⢃⠀",
+            "⡃⠀",
+            "⠍⠀",
+            "⢋⠀",
+            "⡋⠀",
+            "⠍⠁",
+            "⢋⠁",
+            "⡋⠁",
+            "⠍⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠩",
+            "⠈⢙",
+            "⠈⡙",
+            "⢈⠩",
+            "⡀⢙",
+            "⠄⡙",
+            "⢂⠩",
+            "⡂⢘",
+            "⠅⡘",
+            "⢃⠨",
+            "⡃⢐",
+            "⠍⡐",
+            "⢋⠠",
+            "⡋⢀",
+            "⠍⡁",
+            "⢋⠁",
+            "⡋⠁",
+            "⠍⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠋⠉",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠙",
+            "⠉⠩",
+            "⠈⢙",
+            "⠈⡙",
+            "⠈⠩",
+            "⠀⢙",
+            "⠀⡙",
+            "⠀⠩",
+            "⠀⢘",
+            "⠀⡘",
+            "⠀⠨",
+            "⠀⢐",
+            "⠀⡐",
+            "⠀⠠",
+            "⠀⢀",
+            "⠀⡀",
+        ],
+    },
+    "dots8Bit": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": "⠀⠁⠂⠃⠄⠅⠆⠇⡀⡁⡂⡃⡄⡅⡆⡇⠈⠉⠊⠋⠌⠍⠎⠏⡈⡉⡊⡋⡌⡍⡎⡏⠐⠑⠒⠓⠔⠕⠖⠗⡐⡑⡒⡓⡔⡕⡖⡗⠘⠙⠚⠛⠜⠝⠞⠟⡘⡙"
+        "⡚⡛⡜⡝⡞⡟⠠⠡⠢⠣⠤⠥⠦⠧⡠⡡⡢⡣⡤⡥⡦⡧⠨⠩⠪⠫⠬⠭⠮⠯⡨⡩⡪⡫⡬⡭⡮⡯⠰⠱⠲⠳⠴⠵⠶⠷⡰⡱⡲⡳⡴⡵⡶⡷⠸⠹⠺⠻"
+        "⠼⠽⠾⠿⡸⡹⡺⡻⡼⡽⡾⡿⢀⢁⢂⢃⢄⢅⢆⢇⣀⣁⣂⣃⣄⣅⣆⣇⢈⢉⢊⢋⢌⢍⢎⢏⣈⣉⣊⣋⣌⣍⣎⣏⢐⢑⢒⢓⢔⢕⢖⢗⣐⣑⣒⣓⣔⣕"
+        "⣖⣗⢘⢙⢚⢛⢜⢝⢞⢟⣘⣙⣚⣛⣜⣝⣞⣟⢠⢡⢢⢣⢤⢥⢦⢧⣠⣡⣢⣣⣤⣥⣦⣧⢨⢩⢪⢫⢬⢭⢮⢯⣨⣩⣪⣫⣬⣭⣮⣯⢰⢱⢲⢳⢴⢵⢶⢷"
+        "⣰⣱⣲⣳⣴⣵⣶⣷⢸⢹⢺⢻⢼⢽⢾⢿⣸⣹⣺⣻⣼⣽⣾⣿",
+    },
+    "line": {"interval": 130, "frames": ["-", "\\", "|", "/"]},
+    "line2": {"interval": 100, "frames": "⠂-–—–-"},
+    "pipe": {"interval": 100, "frames": "┤┘┴└├┌┬┐"},
+    "simpleDots": {"interval": 400, "frames": [".  ", ".. ", "...", "   "]},
+    "simpleDotsScrolling": {
+        "interval": 200,
+        "frames": [".  ", ".. ", "...", " ..", "  .", "   "],
+    },
+    "star": {"interval": 70, "frames": "✶✸✹✺✹✷"},
+    "star2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "+x*"},
+    "flip": {
+        "interval": 70,
+        "frames": "___-``'´-___",
+    },
+    "hamburger": {"interval": 100, "frames": "☱☲☴"},
+    "growVertical": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": "▁▃▄▅▆▇▆▅▄▃",
+    },
+    "growHorizontal": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": "▏▎▍▌▋▊▉▊▋▌▍▎",
+    },
+    "balloon": {"interval": 140, "frames": " .oO@* "},
+    "balloon2": {"interval": 120, "frames": ".oO°Oo."},
+    "noise": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▓▒░"},
+    "bounce": {"interval": 120, "frames": "⠁⠂⠄⠂"},
+    "boxBounce": {"interval": 120, "frames": "▖▘▝▗"},
+    "boxBounce2": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▌▀▐▄"},
+    "triangle": {"interval": 50, "frames": "◢◣◤◥"},
+    "arc": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◜◠◝◞◡◟"},
+    "circle": {"interval": 120, "frames": "◡⊙◠"},
+    "squareCorners": {"interval": 180, "frames": "◰◳◲◱"},
+    "circleQuarters": {"interval": 120, "frames": "◴◷◶◵"},
+    "circleHalves": {"interval": 50, "frames": "◐◓◑◒"},
+    "squish": {"interval": 100, "frames": "╫╪"},
+    "toggle": {"interval": 250, "frames": "⊶⊷"},
+    "toggle2": {"interval": 80, "frames": "▫▪"},
+    "toggle3": {"interval": 120, "frames": "□■"},
+    "toggle4": {"interval": 100, "frames": "■□▪▫"},
+    "toggle5": {"interval": 100, "frames": "▮▯"},
+    "toggle6": {"interval": 300, "frames": "ဝ၀"},
+    "toggle7": {"interval": 80, "frames": "⦾⦿"},
+    "toggle8": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◍◌"},
+    "toggle9": {"interval": 100, "frames": "◉◎"},
+    "toggle10": {"interval": 100, "frames": "㊂㊀㊁"},
+    "toggle11": {"interval": 50, "frames": "⧇⧆"},
+    "toggle12": {"interval": 120, "frames": "☗☖"},
+    "toggle13": {"interval": 80, "frames": "=*-"},
+    "arrow": {"interval": 100, "frames": "←↖↑↗→↘↓↙"},
+    "arrow2": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": ["⬆️ ", "↗️ ", "➡️ ", "↘️ ", "⬇️ ", "↙️ ", "⬅️ ", "↖️ "],
+    },
+    "arrow3": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": ["▹▹▹▹▹", "▸▹▹▹▹", "▹▸▹▹▹", "▹▹▸▹▹", "▹▹▹▸▹", "▹▹▹▹▸"],
+    },
+    "bouncingBar": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "[    ]",
+            "[=   ]",
+            "[==  ]",
+            "[=== ]",
+            "[ ===]",
+            "[  ==]",
+            "[   =]",
+            "[    ]",
+            "[   =]",
+            "[  ==]",
+            "[ ===]",
+            "[====]",
+            "[=== ]",
+            "[==  ]",
+            "[=   ]",
+        ],
+    },
+    "bouncingBall": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "( ●    )",
+            "(  ●   )",
+            "(   ●  )",
+            "(    ● )",
+            "(     ●)",
+            "(    ● )",
+            "(   ●  )",
+            "(  ●   )",
+            "( ●    )",
+            "(●     )",
+        ],
+    },
+    "smiley": {"interval": 200, "frames": ["😄 ", "😝 "]},
+    "monkey": {"interval": 300, "frames": ["🙈 ", "🙈 ", "🙉 ", "🙊 "]},
+    "hearts": {"interval": 100, "frames": ["💛 ", "💙 ", "💜 ", "💚 ", "❤️ "]},
+    "clock": {
+        "interval": 100,
+        "frames": [
+            "🕛 ",
+            "🕐 ",
+            "🕑 ",
+            "🕒 ",
+            "🕓 ",
+            "🕔 ",
+            "🕕 ",
+            "🕖 ",
+            "🕗 ",
+            "🕘 ",
+            "🕙 ",
+            "🕚 ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "earth": {"interval": 180, "frames": ["🌍 ", "🌎 ", "🌏 "]},
+    "material": {
+        "interval": 17,
+        "frames": [
+            "█▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁██████████████▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁██████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁█████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁██████████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁██████████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁██████████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "█▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "██▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "███▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "█████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "█████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "██████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "█████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "███████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "██████████████▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁██████████████▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁█████████████▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁████████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁███████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁████",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁███",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁██",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁█",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+            "▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁",
+        ],
+    },
+    "moon": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": ["🌑 ", "🌒 ", "🌓 ", "🌔 ", "🌕 ", "🌖 ", "🌗 ", "🌘 "],
+    },
+    "runner": {"interval": 140, "frames": ["🚶 ", "🏃 "]},
+    "pong": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "▐⠂       ▌",
+            "▐⠈       ▌",
+            "▐ ⠂      ▌",
+            "▐ ⠠      ▌",
+            "▐  ⡀     ▌",
+            "▐  ⠠     ▌",
+            "▐   ⠂    ▌",
+            "▐   ⠈    ▌",
+            "▐    ⠂   ▌",
+            "▐    ⠠   ▌",
+            "▐     ⡀  ▌",
+            "▐     ⠠  ▌",
+            "▐      ⠂ ▌",
+            "▐      ⠈ ▌",
+            "▐       ⠂▌",
+            "▐       ⠠▌",
+            "▐       ⡀▌",
+            "▐      ⠠ ▌",
+            "▐      ⠂ ▌",
+            "▐     ⠈  ▌",
+            "▐     ⠂  ▌",
+            "▐    ⠠   ▌",
+            "▐    ⡀   ▌",
+            "▐   ⠠    ▌",
+            "▐   ⠂    ▌",
+            "▐  ⠈     ▌",
+            "▐  ⠂     ▌",
+            "▐ ⠠      ▌",
+            "▐ ⡀      ▌",
+            "▐⠠       ▌",
+        ],
+    },
+    "shark": {
+        "interval": 120,
+        "frames": [
+            "▐|\\____________▌",
+            "▐_|\\___________▌",
+            "▐__|\\__________▌",
+            "▐___|\\_________▌",
+            "▐____|\\________▌",
+            "▐_____|\\_______▌",
+            "▐______|\\______▌",
+            "▐_______|\\_____▌",
+            "▐________|\\____▌",
+            "▐_________|\\___▌",
+            "▐__________|\\__▌",
+            "▐___________|\\_▌",
+            "▐____________|\\▌",
+            "▐____________/|▌",
+            "▐___________/|_▌",
+            "▐__________/|__▌",
+            "▐_________/|___▌",
+            "▐________/|____▌",
+            "▐_______/|_____▌",
+            "▐______/|______▌",
+            "▐_____/|_______▌",
+            "▐____/|________▌",
+            "▐___/|_________▌",
+            "▐__/|__________▌",
+            "▐_/|___________▌",
+            "▐/|____________▌",
+        ],
+    },
+    "dqpb": {"interval": 100, "frames": "dqpb"},
+    "weather": {
+        "interval": 100,
+        "frames": [
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "🌤 ",
+            "⛅️ ",
+            "🌥 ",
+            "☁️ ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "⛈ ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "🌧 ",
+            "🌨 ",
+            "☁️ ",
+            "🌥 ",
+            "⛅️ ",
+            "🌤 ",
+            "☀️ ",
+            "☀️ ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "christmas": {"interval": 400, "frames": "🌲🎄"},
+    "grenade": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "،   ",
+            "′   ",
+            " ´ ",
+            " ‾ ",
+            "  ⸌",
+            "  ⸊",
+            "  |",
+            "  ⁎",
+            "  ⁕",
+            " ෴ ",
+            "  ⁓",
+            "   ",
+            "   ",
+            "   ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "point": {"interval": 125, "frames": ["∙∙∙", "●∙∙", "∙●∙", "∙∙●", "∙∙∙"]},
+    "layer": {"interval": 150, "frames": "-=≡"},
+    "betaWave": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "ρββββββ",
+            "βρβββββ",
+            "ββρββββ",
+            "βββρβββ",
+            "ββββρββ",
+            "βββββρβ",
+            "ββββββρ",
+        ],
+    },
+    "aesthetic": {
+        "interval": 80,
+        "frames": [
+            "▰▱▱▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▱▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▱▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▱▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▱▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▰▱",
+            "▰▰▰▰▰▰▰",
+            "▰▱▱▱▱▱▱",
+        ],
+    },
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..194564e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_stack.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from typing import List, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Stack(List[T]):
+    """A small shim over builtin list."""
+
+    @property
+    def top(self) -> T:
+        """Get top of stack."""
+        return self[-1]
+
+    def push(self, item: T) -> None:
+        """Push an item on to the stack (append in stack nomenclature)."""
+        self.append(item)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ca6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_timer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""
+Timer context manager, only used in debug.
+
+"""
+
+from time import time
+
+import contextlib
+from typing import Generator
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def timer(subject: str = "time") -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """print the elapsed time. (only used in debugging)"""
+    start = time()
+    yield
+    elapsed = time() - start
+    elapsed_ms = elapsed * 1000
+    print(f"{subject} elapsed {elapsed_ms:.1f}ms")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81b1082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_win32_console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+"""Light wrapper around the Win32 Console API - this module should only be imported on Windows
+
+The API that this module wraps is documented at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/console-functions
+"""
+import ctypes
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+windll: Any = None
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    windll = ctypes.LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+else:
+    raise ImportError(f"{__name__} can only be imported on Windows")
+
+import time
+from ctypes import Structure, byref, wintypes
+from typing import IO, NamedTuple, Type, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.color import ColorSystem
+from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+STDOUT = -11
+ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 4
+
+COORD = wintypes._COORD
+
+
+class LegacyWindowsError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class WindowsCoordinates(NamedTuple):
+    """Coordinates in the Windows Console API are (y, x), not (x, y).
+    This class is intended to prevent that confusion.
+    Rows and columns are indexed from 0.
+    This class can be used in place of wintypes._COORD in arguments and argtypes.
+    """
+
+    row: int
+    col: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_param(cls, value: "WindowsCoordinates") -> COORD:
+        """Converts a WindowsCoordinates into a wintypes _COORD structure.
+        This classmethod is internally called by ctypes to perform the conversion.
+
+        Args:
+            value (WindowsCoordinates): The input coordinates to convert.
+
+        Returns:
+            wintypes._COORD: The converted coordinates struct.
+        """
+        return COORD(value.col, value.row)
+
+
+class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [
+        ("dwSize", COORD),
+        ("dwCursorPosition", COORD),
+        ("wAttributes", wintypes.WORD),
+        ("srWindow", wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+        ("dwMaximumWindowSize", COORD),
+    ]
+
+
+class CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(ctypes.Structure):
+    _fields_ = [("dwSize", wintypes.DWORD), ("bVisible", wintypes.BOOL)]
+
+
+_GetStdHandle = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle
+_GetStdHandle.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+]
+_GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+
+
+def GetStdHandle(handle: int = STDOUT) -> wintypes.HANDLE:
+    """Retrieves a handle to the specified standard device (standard input, standard output, or standard error).
+
+    Args:
+        handle (int): Integer identifier for the handle. Defaults to -11 (stdout).
+
+    Returns:
+        wintypes.HANDLE: The handle
+    """
+    return cast(wintypes.HANDLE, _GetStdHandle(handle))
+
+
+_GetConsoleMode = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleMode
+_GetConsoleMode.argtypes = [wintypes.HANDLE, wintypes.LPDWORD]
+_GetConsoleMode.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleMode(std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE) -> int:
+    """Retrieves the current input mode of a console's input buffer
+    or the current output mode of a console screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+
+    Raises:
+        LegacyWindowsError: If any error occurs while calling the Windows console API.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Value representing the current console mode as documented at
+            https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/getconsolemode#parameters
+    """
+
+    console_mode = wintypes.DWORD()
+    success = bool(_GetConsoleMode(std_handle, console_mode))
+    if not success:
+        raise LegacyWindowsError("Unable to get legacy Windows Console Mode")
+    return console_mode.value
+
+
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterW
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.c_char,
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+]
+_FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+    char: str,
+    length: int,
+    start: WindowsCoordinates,
+) -> int:
+    """Writes a character to the console screen buffer a specified number of times, beginning at the specified coordinates.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        char (str): The character to write. Must be a string of length 1.
+        length (int): The number of times to write the character.
+        start (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates to start writing at.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The number of characters written.
+    """
+    character = ctypes.c_char(char.encode())
+    num_characters = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+    num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+    _FillConsoleOutputCharacterW(
+        std_handle,
+        character,
+        num_characters,
+        start,
+        byref(num_written),
+    )
+    return num_written.value
+
+
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute = windll.kernel32.FillConsoleOutputAttribute
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    wintypes.WORD,
+    wintypes.DWORD,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
+]
+_FillConsoleOutputAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+    attributes: int,
+    length: int,
+    start: WindowsCoordinates,
+) -> int:
+    """Sets the character attributes for a specified number of character cells,
+    beginning at the specified coordinates in a screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        attributes (int): Integer value representing the foreground and background colours of the cells.
+        length (int): The number of cells to set the output attribute of.
+        start (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates of the first cell whose attributes are to be set.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: The number of cells whose attributes were actually set.
+    """
+    num_cells = wintypes.DWORD(length)
+    style_attrs = wintypes.WORD(attributes)
+    num_written = wintypes.DWORD(0)
+    _FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+        std_handle, style_attrs, num_cells, start, byref(num_written)
+    )
+    return num_written.value
+
+
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    wintypes.WORD,
+]
+_SetConsoleTextAttribute.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleTextAttribute(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, attributes: wintypes.WORD
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the colour attributes for all text written after this function is called.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        attributes (int): Integer value representing the foreground and background colours.
+
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the attribute was set successfully, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleTextAttribute(std_handle, attributes))
+
+
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO),
+]
+_GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE,
+) -> CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO:
+    """Retrieves information about the specified console screen buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+
+    Returns:
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO: A CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO ctype struct contain information about
+            screen size, cursor position, colour attributes, and more."""
+    console_screen_buffer_info = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO()
+    _GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(std_handle, byref(console_screen_buffer_info))
+    return console_screen_buffer_info
+
+
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    cast(Type[COORD], WindowsCoordinates),
+]
+_SetConsoleCursorPosition.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, coords: WindowsCoordinates
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the position of the cursor in the console screen
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        coords (WindowsCoordinates): The coordinates to move the cursor to.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleCursorPosition(std_handle, coords))
+
+
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleCursorInfo
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO),
+]
+_GetConsoleCursorInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def GetConsoleCursorInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, cursor_info: CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO
+) -> bool:
+    """Get the cursor info - used to get cursor visibility and width
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        cursor_info (CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO): CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ctype struct that receives information
+            about the console's cursor.
+
+    Returns:
+          bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_GetConsoleCursorInfo(std_handle, byref(cursor_info)))
+
+
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCursorInfo
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo.argtypes = [
+    wintypes.HANDLE,
+    ctypes.POINTER(CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO),
+]
+_SetConsoleCursorInfo.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleCursorInfo(
+    std_handle: wintypes.HANDLE, cursor_info: CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO
+) -> bool:
+    """Set the cursor info - used for adjusting cursor visibility and width
+
+    Args:
+        std_handle (wintypes.HANDLE): A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
+        cursor_info (CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO): CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ctype struct containing the new cursor info.
+
+    Returns:
+          bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleCursorInfo(std_handle, byref(cursor_info)))
+
+
+_SetConsoleTitle = windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW
+_SetConsoleTitle.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR]
+_SetConsoleTitle.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+
+
+def SetConsoleTitle(title: str) -> bool:
+    """Sets the title of the current console window
+
+    Args:
+        title (str): The new title of the console window.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the function succeeds, otherwise False.
+    """
+    return bool(_SetConsoleTitle(title))
+
+
+class LegacyWindowsTerm:
+    """This class allows interaction with the legacy Windows Console API. It should only be used in the context
+    of environments where virtual terminal processing is not available. However, if it is used in a Windows environment,
+    the entire API should work.
+
+    Args:
+        file (IO[str]): The file which the Windows Console API HANDLE is retrieved from, defaults to sys.stdout.
+    """
+
+    BRIGHT_BIT = 8
+
+    # Indices are ANSI color numbers, values are the corresponding Windows Console API color numbers
+    ANSI_TO_WINDOWS = [
+        0,  # black                      The Windows colours are defined in wincon.h as follows:
+        4,  # red                         define FOREGROUND_BLUE            0x0001 -- 0000 0001
+        2,  # green                       define FOREGROUND_GREEN           0x0002 -- 0000 0010
+        6,  # yellow                      define FOREGROUND_RED             0x0004 -- 0000 0100
+        1,  # blue                        define FOREGROUND_INTENSITY       0x0008 -- 0000 1000
+        5,  # magenta                     define BACKGROUND_BLUE            0x0010 -- 0001 0000
+        3,  # cyan                        define BACKGROUND_GREEN           0x0020 -- 0010 0000
+        7,  # white                       define BACKGROUND_RED             0x0040 -- 0100 0000
+        8,  # bright black (grey)         define BACKGROUND_INTENSITY       0x0080 -- 1000 0000
+        12,  # bright red
+        10,  # bright green
+        14,  # bright yellow
+        9,  # bright blue
+        13,  # bright magenta
+        11,  # bright cyan
+        15,  # bright white
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, file: "IO[str]") -> None:
+        handle = GetStdHandle(STDOUT)
+        self._handle = handle
+        default_text = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle).wAttributes
+        self._default_text = default_text
+
+        self._default_fore = default_text & 7
+        self._default_back = (default_text >> 4) & 7
+        self._default_attrs = self._default_fore | (self._default_back << 4)
+
+        self._file = file
+        self.write = file.write
+        self.flush = file.flush
+
+    @property
+    def cursor_position(self) -> WindowsCoordinates:
+        """Returns the current position of the cursor (0-based)
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsCoordinates: The current cursor position.
+        """
+        coord: COORD = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(self._handle).dwCursorPosition
+        return WindowsCoordinates(row=cast(int, coord.Y), col=cast(int, coord.X))
+
+    @property
+    def screen_size(self) -> WindowsCoordinates:
+        """Returns the current size of the console screen buffer, in character columns and rows
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsCoordinates: The width and height of the screen as WindowsCoordinates.
+        """
+        screen_size: COORD = GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(self._handle).dwSize
+        return WindowsCoordinates(
+            row=cast(int, screen_size.Y), col=cast(int, screen_size.X)
+        )
+
+    def write_text(self, text: str) -> None:
+        """Write text directly to the terminal without any modification of styles
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to write to the console
+        """
+        self.write(text)
+        self.flush()
+
+    def write_styled(self, text: str, style: Style) -> None:
+        """Write styled text to the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text to write
+            style (Style): The style of the text
+        """
+        color = style.color
+        bgcolor = style.bgcolor
+        if style.reverse:
+            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+
+        if color:
+            fore = color.downgrade(ColorSystem.WINDOWS).number
+            fore = fore if fore is not None else 7  # Default to ANSI 7: White
+            if style.bold:
+                fore = fore | self.BRIGHT_BIT
+            if style.dim:
+                fore = fore & ~self.BRIGHT_BIT
+            fore = self.ANSI_TO_WINDOWS[fore]
+        else:
+            fore = self._default_fore
+
+        if bgcolor:
+            back = bgcolor.downgrade(ColorSystem.WINDOWS).number
+            back = back if back is not None else 0  # Default to ANSI 0: Black
+            back = self.ANSI_TO_WINDOWS[back]
+        else:
+            back = self._default_back
+
+        assert fore is not None
+        assert back is not None
+
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(
+            self._handle, attributes=ctypes.c_ushort(fore | (back << 4))
+        )
+        self.write_text(text)
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(self._handle, attributes=self._default_text)
+
+    def move_cursor_to(self, new_position: WindowsCoordinates) -> None:
+        """Set the position of the cursor
+
+        Args:
+            new_position (WindowsCoordinates): The WindowsCoordinates representing the new position of the cursor.
+        """
+        if new_position.col < 0 or new_position.row < 0:
+            return
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(self._handle, coords=new_position)
+
+    def erase_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content on the line the cursor is currently located at"""
+        screen_size = self.screen_size
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        cells_to_erase = screen_size.col
+        start_coordinates = WindowsCoordinates(row=cursor_position.row, col=0)
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+            self._handle, " ", length=cells_to_erase, start=start_coordinates
+        )
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle,
+            self._default_attrs,
+            length=cells_to_erase,
+            start=start_coordinates,
+        )
+
+    def erase_end_of_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content from the cursor position to the end of that line"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        cells_to_erase = self.screen_size.col - cursor_position.col
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(
+            self._handle, " ", length=cells_to_erase, start=cursor_position
+        )
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle,
+            self._default_attrs,
+            length=cells_to_erase,
+            start=cursor_position,
+        )
+
+    def erase_start_of_line(self) -> None:
+        """Erase all content from the cursor position to the start of that line"""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        start = WindowsCoordinates(row, 0)
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacter(self._handle, " ", length=col, start=start)
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(
+            self._handle, self._default_attrs, length=col, start=start
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_up(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor up a single cell"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle,
+            coords=WindowsCoordinates(
+                row=cursor_position.row - 1, col=cursor_position.col
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_down(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor down a single cell"""
+        cursor_position = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle,
+            coords=WindowsCoordinates(
+                row=cursor_position.row + 1,
+                col=cursor_position.col,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_forward(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor forward a single cell. Wrap to the next line if required."""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        if col == self.screen_size.col - 1:
+            row += 1
+            col = 0
+        else:
+            col += 1
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row=row, col=col)
+        )
+
+    def move_cursor_to_column(self, column: int) -> None:
+        """Move cursor to the column specified by the zero-based column index, staying on the same row
+
+        Args:
+            column (int): The zero-based column index to move the cursor to.
+        """
+        row, _ = self.cursor_position
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row, column))
+
+    def move_cursor_backward(self) -> None:
+        """Move the cursor backward a single cell. Wrap to the previous line if required."""
+        row, col = self.cursor_position
+        if col == 0:
+            row -= 1
+            col = self.screen_size.col - 1
+        else:
+            col -= 1
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(
+            self._handle, coords=WindowsCoordinates(row=row, col=col)
+        )
+
+    def hide_cursor(self) -> None:
+        """Hide the cursor"""
+        current_cursor_size = self._get_cursor_size()
+        invisible_cursor = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(dwSize=current_cursor_size, bVisible=0)
+        SetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=invisible_cursor)
+
+    def show_cursor(self) -> None:
+        """Show the cursor"""
+        current_cursor_size = self._get_cursor_size()
+        visible_cursor = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO(dwSize=current_cursor_size, bVisible=1)
+        SetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=visible_cursor)
+
+    def set_title(self, title: str) -> None:
+        """Set the title of the terminal window
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new title of the console window
+        """
+        assert len(title) < 255, "Console title must be less than 255 characters"
+        SetConsoleTitle(title)
+
+    def _get_cursor_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the percentage of the character cell that is filled by the cursor"""
+        cursor_info = CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO()
+        GetConsoleCursorInfo(self._handle, cursor_info=cursor_info)
+        return int(cursor_info.dwSize)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    handle = GetStdHandle()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    term = LegacyWindowsTerm(sys.stdout)
+    term.set_title("Win32 Console Examples")
+
+    style = Style(color="black", bgcolor="red")
+
+    heading = Style.parse("black on green")
+
+    # Check colour output
+    console.rule("Checking colour output")
+    console.print("[on red]on red!")
+    console.print("[blue]blue!")
+    console.print("[yellow]yellow!")
+    console.print("[bold yellow]bold yellow!")
+    console.print("[bright_yellow]bright_yellow!")
+    console.print("[dim bright_yellow]dim bright_yellow!")
+    console.print("[italic cyan]italic cyan!")
+    console.print("[bold white on blue]bold white on blue!")
+    console.print("[reverse bold white on blue]reverse bold white on blue!")
+    console.print("[bold black on cyan]bold black on cyan!")
+    console.print("[black on green]black on green!")
+    console.print("[blue on green]blue on green!")
+    console.print("[white on black]white on black!")
+    console.print("[black on white]black on white!")
+    console.print("[#1BB152 on #DA812D]#1BB152 on #DA812D!")
+
+    # Check cursor movement
+    console.rule("Checking cursor movement")
+    console.print()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("went back and wrapped to prev line")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_up()
+    term.write_text("we go up")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_down()
+    term.write_text("and down")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_up()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("we went up and back 2")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_down()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    term.write_text("we went down and back 2")
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    # Check erasing of lines
+    term.hide_cursor()
+    console.print()
+    console.rule("Checking line erasing")
+    console.print("\n...Deleting to the start of the line...")
+    term.write_text("The red arrow shows the cursor location, and direction of erase")
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.move_cursor_to_column(16)
+    term.write_styled("<", Style.parse("black on red"))
+    term.move_cursor_backward()
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_start_of_line()
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    console.print("\n\n...And to the end of the line...")
+    term.write_text("The red arrow shows the cursor location, and direction of erase")
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    term.move_cursor_to_column(16)
+    term.write_styled(">", Style.parse("black on red"))
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_end_of_line()
+    time.sleep(1)
+
+    console.print("\n\n...Now the whole line will be erased...")
+    term.write_styled("I'm going to disappear!", style=Style.parse("black on cyan"))
+    time.sleep(1)
+    term.erase_line()
+
+    term.show_cursor()
+    print("\n")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10fc0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+    """Windows features available."""
+
+    vt: bool = False
+    """The console supports VT codes."""
+    truecolor: bool = False
+    """The console supports truecolor."""
+
+
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import LibraryLoader
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        windll = LibraryLoader(ctypes.WinDLL)
+    else:
+        windll = None
+        raise ImportError("Not windows")
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import (
+        ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING,
+        GetConsoleMode,
+        GetStdHandle,
+        LegacyWindowsError,
+    )
+
+except (AttributeError, ImportError, ValueError):
+
+    # Fallback if we can't load the Windows DLL
+    def get_windows_console_features() -> WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+        features = WindowsConsoleFeatures()
+        return features
+
+else:
+
+    def get_windows_console_features() -> WindowsConsoleFeatures:
+        """Get windows console features.
+
+        Returns:
+            WindowsConsoleFeatures: An instance of WindowsConsoleFeatures.
+        """
+        handle = GetStdHandle()
+        try:
+            console_mode = GetConsoleMode(handle)
+            success = True
+        except LegacyWindowsError:
+            console_mode = 0
+            success = False
+        vt = bool(success and console_mode & ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)
+        truecolor = False
+        if vt:
+            win_version = sys.getwindowsversion()
+            truecolor = win_version.major > 10 or (
+                win_version.major == 10 and win_version.build >= 15063
+            )
+        features = WindowsConsoleFeatures(vt=vt, truecolor=truecolor)
+        return features
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import platform
+
+    features = get_windows_console_features()
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(f'platform="{platform.system()}"')
+    print(repr(features))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ece056
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_windows_renderer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Sequence, Tuple, cast
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import LegacyWindowsTerm, WindowsCoordinates
+from pip._vendor.rich.segment import ControlCode, ControlType, Segment
+
+
+def legacy_windows_render(buffer: Iterable[Segment], term: LegacyWindowsTerm) -> None:
+    """Makes appropriate Windows Console API calls based on the segments in the buffer.
+
+    Args:
+        buffer (Iterable[Segment]): Iterable of Segments to convert to Win32 API calls.
+        term (LegacyWindowsTerm): Used to call the Windows Console API.
+    """
+    for text, style, control in buffer:
+        if not control:
+            if style:
+                term.write_styled(text, style)
+            else:
+                term.write_text(text)
+        else:
+            control_codes: Sequence[ControlCode] = control
+            for control_code in control_codes:
+                control_type = control_code[0]
+                if control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO:
+                    _, x, y = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int, int], control_code)
+                    term.move_cursor_to(WindowsCoordinates(row=y - 1, col=x - 1))
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN:
+                    term.write_text("\r")
+                elif control_type == ControlType.HOME:
+                    term.move_cursor_to(WindowsCoordinates(0, 0))
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_UP:
+                    term.move_cursor_up()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN:
+                    term.move_cursor_down()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_FORWARD:
+                    term.move_cursor_forward()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_BACKWARD:
+                    term.move_cursor_backward()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN:
+                    _, column = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int], control_code)
+                    term.move_cursor_to_column(column - 1)
+                elif control_type == ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR:
+                    term.hide_cursor()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR:
+                    term.show_cursor()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE:
+                    _, mode = cast(Tuple[ControlType, int], control_code)
+                    if mode == 0:
+                        term.erase_end_of_line()
+                    elif mode == 1:
+                        term.erase_start_of_line()
+                    elif mode == 2:
+                        term.erase_line()
+                elif control_type == ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE:
+                    _, title = cast(Tuple[ControlType, str], control_code)
+                    term.set_title(title)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c45f193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/_wrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import re
+from typing import Iterable, List, Tuple
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .cells import cell_len, chop_cells
+
+re_word = re.compile(r"\s*\S+\s*")
+
+
+def words(text: str) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, int, str]]:
+    position = 0
+    word_match = re_word.match(text, position)
+    while word_match is not None:
+        start, end = word_match.span()
+        word = word_match.group(0)
+        yield start, end, word
+        word_match = re_word.match(text, end)
+
+
+def divide_line(text: str, width: int, fold: bool = True) -> List[int]:
+    divides: List[int] = []
+    append = divides.append
+    line_position = 0
+    _cell_len = cell_len
+    for start, _end, word in words(text):
+        word_length = _cell_len(word.rstrip())
+        if line_position + word_length > width:
+            if word_length > width:
+                if fold:
+                    chopped_words = chop_cells(word, max_size=width, position=0)
+                    for last, line in loop_last(chopped_words):
+                        if start:
+                            append(start)
+
+                        if last:
+                            line_position = _cell_len(line)
+                        else:
+                            start += len(line)
+                else:
+                    if start:
+                        append(start)
+                    line_position = _cell_len(word)
+            elif line_position and start:
+                append(start)
+                line_position = _cell_len(word)
+        else:
+            line_position += _cell_len(word)
+    return divides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console(width=10)
+    console.print("12345 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 12345")
+    print(chop_cells("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", 10, position=2))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e498e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from abc import ABC
+
+
+class RichRenderable(ABC):
+    """An abstract base class for Rich renderables.
+
+    Note that there is no need to extend this class, the intended use is to check if an
+    object supports the Rich renderable protocol. For example::
+
+        if isinstance(my_object, RichRenderable):
+            console.print(my_object)
+
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, other: type) -> bool:
+        """Check if this class supports the rich render protocol."""
+        return hasattr(other, "__rich_console__") or hasattr(other, "__rich__")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    t = Text()
+    print(isinstance(Text, RichRenderable))
+    print(isinstance(t, RichRenderable))
+
+    class Foo:
+        pass
+
+    f = Foo()
+    print(isinstance(f, RichRenderable))
+    print(isinstance("", RichRenderable))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c310b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/align.py
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+import sys
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+AlignMethod = Literal["left", "center", "right"]
+VerticalAlignMethod = Literal["top", "middle", "bottom"]
+
+
+class Align(JupyterMixin):
+    """Align a renderable by adding spaces if necessary.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A console renderable.
+        align (AlignMethod): One of "left", "center", or "right""
+        style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the background.
+        vertical (Optional[VerticalAlginMethod], optional): Optional vertical align, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom". Defaults to None.
+        pad (bool, optional): Pad the right with spaces. Defaults to True.
+        width (int, optional): Restrict contents to given width, or None to use default width. Defaults to None.
+        height (int, optional): Set height of align renderable, or None to fit to contents. Defaults to None.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: if ``align`` is not one of the expected values.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        align: AlignMethod = "left",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if align not in ("left", "center", "right"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for align, expected "left", "center", or "right" (not {align!r})'
+            )
+        if vertical is not None and vertical not in ("top", "middle", "bottom"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for vertical, expected "top", "middle", or "bottom" (not {vertical!r})'
+            )
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.align = align
+        self.style = style
+        self.vertical = vertical
+        self.pad = pad
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Align({self.renderable!r}, {self.align!r})"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def left(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the left."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "left",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def center(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the center."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "center",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def right(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        *,
+        vertical: Optional[VerticalAlignMethod] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> "Align":
+        """Align a renderable to the right."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            "right",
+            style=style,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            pad=pad,
+            width=width,
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        align = self.align
+        width = console.measure(self.renderable, options=options).maximum
+        rendered = console.render(
+            Constrain(
+                self.renderable, width if self.width is None else min(width, self.width)
+            ),
+            options.update(height=None),
+        )
+        lines = list(Segment.split_lines(rendered))
+        width, height = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        lines = Segment.set_shape(lines, width, height)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        excess_space = options.max_width - width
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style is not None else None
+
+        def generate_segments() -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            if excess_space <= 0:
+                # Exact fit
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "left":
+                # Pad on the right
+                pad = Segment(" " * excess_space, style) if self.pad else None
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield from line
+                    if pad:
+                        yield pad
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "center":
+                # Pad left and right
+                left = excess_space // 2
+                pad = Segment(" " * left, style)
+                pad_right = (
+                    Segment(" " * (excess_space - left), style) if self.pad else None
+                )
+                for line in lines:
+                    if left:
+                        yield pad
+                    yield from line
+                    if pad_right:
+                        yield pad_right
+                    yield new_line
+
+            elif align == "right":
+                # Padding on left
+                pad = Segment(" " * excess_space, style)
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield pad
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+
+        blank_line = (
+            Segment(f"{' ' * (self.width or options.max_width)}\n", style)
+            if self.pad
+            else Segment("\n")
+        )
+
+        def blank_lines(count: int) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            if count > 0:
+                for _ in range(count):
+                    yield blank_line
+
+        vertical_height = self.height or options.height
+        iter_segments: Iterable[Segment]
+        if self.vertical and vertical_height is not None:
+            if self.vertical == "top":
+                bottom_space = vertical_height - height
+                iter_segments = chain(generate_segments(), blank_lines(bottom_space))
+            elif self.vertical == "middle":
+                top_space = (vertical_height - height) // 2
+                bottom_space = vertical_height - top_space - height
+                iter_segments = chain(
+                    blank_lines(top_space),
+                    generate_segments(),
+                    blank_lines(bottom_space),
+                )
+            else:  #  self.vertical == "bottom":
+                top_space = vertical_height - height
+                iter_segments = chain(blank_lines(top_space), generate_segments())
+        else:
+            iter_segments = generate_segments()
+        if self.style:
+            style = console.get_style(self.style)
+            iter_segments = Segment.apply_style(iter_segments, style)
+        yield from iter_segments
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+
+class VerticalCenter(JupyterMixin):
+    """Vertically aligns a renderable.
+
+    Warn:
+        This class is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. Use Align class with
+        `vertical="middle"`.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A renderable object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"VerticalCenter({self.renderable!r})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style is not None else None
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable, options.update(height=None), pad=False
+        )
+        width, _height = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        height = options.height or options.size.height
+        top_space = (height - len(lines)) // 2
+        bottom_space = height - top_space - len(lines)
+        blank_line = Segment(f"{' ' * width}", style)
+
+        def blank_lines(count: int) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            for _ in range(count):
+                yield blank_line
+                yield new_line
+
+        if top_space > 0:
+            yield from blank_lines(top_space)
+        for line in lines:
+            yield from line
+            yield new_line
+        if bottom_space > 0:
+            yield from blank_lines(bottom_space)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, Group
+    from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+    console = Console()
+
+    panel = Panel(
+        Group(
+            Align.left(highlighter("align='left'")),
+            Align.center(highlighter("align='center'")),
+            Align.right(highlighter("align='right'")),
+        ),
+        width=60,
+        style="on dark_blue",
+        title="Align",
+    )
+
+    console.print(
+        Align.center(panel, vertical="middle", style="on red", height=console.height)
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66365e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/ansi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from typing import Iterable, NamedTuple, Optional
+
+from .color import Color
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Text
+
+re_ansi = re.compile(
+    r"""
+(?:\x1b\](.*?)\x1b\\)|
+(?:\x1b([(@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]))
+""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+class _AnsiToken(NamedTuple):
+    """Result of ansi tokenized string."""
+
+    plain: str = ""
+    sgr: Optional[str] = ""
+    osc: Optional[str] = ""
+
+
+def _ansi_tokenize(ansi_text: str) -> Iterable[_AnsiToken]:
+    """Tokenize a string in to plain text and ANSI codes.
+
+    Args:
+        ansi_text (str): A String containing ANSI codes.
+
+    Yields:
+        AnsiToken: A named tuple of (plain, sgr, osc)
+    """
+
+    position = 0
+    sgr: Optional[str]
+    osc: Optional[str]
+    for match in re_ansi.finditer(ansi_text):
+        start, end = match.span(0)
+        osc, sgr = match.groups()
+        if start > position:
+            yield _AnsiToken(ansi_text[position:start])
+        if sgr:
+            if sgr == "(":
+                position = end + 1
+                continue
+            if sgr.endswith("m"):
+                yield _AnsiToken("", sgr[1:-1], osc)
+        else:
+            yield _AnsiToken("", sgr, osc)
+        position = end
+    if position < len(ansi_text):
+        yield _AnsiToken(ansi_text[position:])
+
+
+SGR_STYLE_MAP = {
+    1: "bold",
+    2: "dim",
+    3: "italic",
+    4: "underline",
+    5: "blink",
+    6: "blink2",
+    7: "reverse",
+    8: "conceal",
+    9: "strike",
+    21: "underline2",
+    22: "not dim not bold",
+    23: "not italic",
+    24: "not underline",
+    25: "not blink",
+    26: "not blink2",
+    27: "not reverse",
+    28: "not conceal",
+    29: "not strike",
+    30: "color(0)",
+    31: "color(1)",
+    32: "color(2)",
+    33: "color(3)",
+    34: "color(4)",
+    35: "color(5)",
+    36: "color(6)",
+    37: "color(7)",
+    39: "default",
+    40: "on color(0)",
+    41: "on color(1)",
+    42: "on color(2)",
+    43: "on color(3)",
+    44: "on color(4)",
+    45: "on color(5)",
+    46: "on color(6)",
+    47: "on color(7)",
+    49: "on default",
+    51: "frame",
+    52: "encircle",
+    53: "overline",
+    54: "not frame not encircle",
+    55: "not overline",
+    90: "color(8)",
+    91: "color(9)",
+    92: "color(10)",
+    93: "color(11)",
+    94: "color(12)",
+    95: "color(13)",
+    96: "color(14)",
+    97: "color(15)",
+    100: "on color(8)",
+    101: "on color(9)",
+    102: "on color(10)",
+    103: "on color(11)",
+    104: "on color(12)",
+    105: "on color(13)",
+    106: "on color(14)",
+    107: "on color(15)",
+}
+
+
+class AnsiDecoder:
+    """Translate ANSI code in to styled Text."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.style = Style.null()
+
+    def decode(self, terminal_text: str) -> Iterable[Text]:
+        """Decode ANSI codes in an iterable of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[str]): An iterable of lines of terminal output.
+
+        Yields:
+            Text: Marked up Text.
+        """
+        for line in terminal_text.splitlines():
+            yield self.decode_line(line)
+
+    def decode_line(self, line: str) -> Text:
+        """Decode a line containing ansi codes.
+
+        Args:
+            line (str): A line of terminal output.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A Text instance marked up according to ansi codes.
+        """
+        from_ansi = Color.from_ansi
+        from_rgb = Color.from_rgb
+        _Style = Style
+        text = Text()
+        append = text.append
+        line = line.rsplit("\r", 1)[-1]
+        for plain_text, sgr, osc in _ansi_tokenize(line):
+            if plain_text:
+                append(plain_text, self.style or None)
+            elif osc is not None:
+                if osc.startswith("8;"):
+                    _params, semicolon, link = osc[2:].partition(";")
+                    if semicolon:
+                        self.style = self.style.update_link(link or None)
+            elif sgr is not None:
+                # Translate in to semi-colon separated codes
+                # Ignore invalid codes, because we want to be lenient
+                codes = [
+                    min(255, int(_code) if _code else 0)
+                    for _code in sgr.split(";")
+                    if _code.isdigit() or _code == ""
+                ]
+                iter_codes = iter(codes)
+                for code in iter_codes:
+                    if code == 0:
+                        # reset
+                        self.style = _Style.null()
+                    elif code in SGR_STYLE_MAP:
+                        # styles
+                        self.style += _Style.parse(SGR_STYLE_MAP[code])
+                    elif code == 38:
+                        #  Foreground
+                        with suppress(StopIteration):
+                            color_type = next(iter_codes)
+                            if color_type == 5:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    from_ansi(next(iter_codes))
+                                )
+                            elif color_type == 2:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    from_rgb(
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                    )
+                                )
+                    elif code == 48:
+                        # Background
+                        with suppress(StopIteration):
+                            color_type = next(iter_codes)
+                            if color_type == 5:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    None, from_ansi(next(iter_codes))
+                                )
+                            elif color_type == 2:
+                                self.style += _Style.from_color(
+                                    None,
+                                    from_rgb(
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                        next(iter_codes),
+                                    ),
+                                )
+
+        return text
+
+
+if sys.platform != "win32" and __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import io
+    import os
+    import pty
+    import sys
+
+    decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+
+    stdout = io.BytesIO()
+
+    def read(fd: int) -> bytes:
+        data = os.read(fd, 1024)
+        stdout.write(data)
+        return data
+
+    pty.spawn(sys.argv[1:], read)
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    stdout_result = stdout.getvalue().decode("utf-8")
+    print(stdout_result)
+
+    for line in decoder.decode(stdout_result):
+        console.print(line)
+
+    console.save_html("stdout.html")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed86a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .color import Color
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style
+
+# There are left-aligned characters for 1/8 to 7/8, but
+# the right-aligned characters exist only for 1/8 and 4/8.
+BEGIN_BLOCK_ELEMENTS = ["█", "█", "█", "▐", "▐", "▐", "▕", "▕"]
+END_BLOCK_ELEMENTS = [" ", "▏", "▎", "▍", "▌", "▋", "▊", "▉"]
+FULL_BLOCK = "█"
+
+
+class Bar(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders a solid block bar.
+
+    Args:
+        size (float): Value for the end of the bar.
+        begin (float): Begin point (between 0 and size, inclusive).
+        end (float): End point (between 0 and size, inclusive).
+        width (int, optional): Width of the bar, or ``None`` for maximum width. Defaults to None.
+        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of the bar. Defaults to "default".
+        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of bar background. Defaults to "default".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: float,
+        begin: float,
+        end: float,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        color: Union[Color, str] = "default",
+        bgcolor: Union[Color, str] = "default",
+    ):
+        self.size = size
+        self.begin = max(begin, 0)
+        self.end = min(end, size)
+        self.width = width
+        self.style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Bar({self.size}, {self.begin}, {self.end})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+
+        width = min(
+            self.width if self.width is not None else options.max_width,
+            options.max_width,
+        )
+
+        if self.begin >= self.end:
+            yield Segment(" " * width, self.style)
+            yield Segment.line()
+            return
+
+        prefix_complete_eights = int(width * 8 * self.begin / self.size)
+        prefix_bar_count = prefix_complete_eights // 8
+        prefix_eights_count = prefix_complete_eights % 8
+
+        body_complete_eights = int(width * 8 * self.end / self.size)
+        body_bar_count = body_complete_eights // 8
+        body_eights_count = body_complete_eights % 8
+
+        # When start and end fall into the same cell, we ideally should render
+        # a symbol that's "center-aligned", but there is no good symbol in Unicode.
+        # In this case, we fall back to right-aligned block symbol for simplicity.
+
+        prefix = " " * prefix_bar_count
+        if prefix_eights_count:
+            prefix += BEGIN_BLOCK_ELEMENTS[prefix_eights_count]
+
+        body = FULL_BLOCK * body_bar_count
+        if body_eights_count:
+            body += END_BLOCK_ELEMENTS[body_eights_count]
+
+        suffix = " " * (width - len(body))
+
+        yield Segment(prefix + body[len(prefix) :] + suffix, self.style)
+        yield Segment.line()
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return (
+            Measurement(self.width, self.width)
+            if self.width is not None
+            else Measurement(4, options.max_width)
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97d2a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/box.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, List
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleOptions
+
+
+class Box:
+    """Defines characters to render boxes.
+
+    ┌─┬┐ top
+    │ ││ head
+    ├─┼┤ head_row
+    │ ││ mid
+    ├─┼┤ row
+    ├─┼┤ foot_row
+    │ ││ foot
+    └─┴┘ bottom
+
+    Args:
+        box (str): Characters making up box.
+        ascii (bool, optional): True if this box uses ascii characters only. Default is False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, box: str, *, ascii: bool = False) -> None:
+        self._box = box
+        self.ascii = ascii
+        line1, line2, line3, line4, line5, line6, line7, line8 = box.splitlines()
+        # top
+        self.top_left, self.top, self.top_divider, self.top_right = iter(line1)
+        # head
+        self.head_left, _, self.head_vertical, self.head_right = iter(line2)
+        # head_row
+        (
+            self.head_row_left,
+            self.head_row_horizontal,
+            self.head_row_cross,
+            self.head_row_right,
+        ) = iter(line3)
+
+        # mid
+        self.mid_left, _, self.mid_vertical, self.mid_right = iter(line4)
+        # row
+        self.row_left, self.row_horizontal, self.row_cross, self.row_right = iter(line5)
+        # foot_row
+        (
+            self.foot_row_left,
+            self.foot_row_horizontal,
+            self.foot_row_cross,
+            self.foot_row_right,
+        ) = iter(line6)
+        # foot
+        self.foot_left, _, self.foot_vertical, self.foot_right = iter(line7)
+        # bottom
+        self.bottom_left, self.bottom, self.bottom_divider, self.bottom_right = iter(
+            line8
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "Box(...)"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._box
+
+    def substitute(self, options: "ConsoleOptions", safe: bool = True) -> "Box":
+        """Substitute this box for another if it won't render due to platform issues.
+
+        Args:
+            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options used in rendering.
+            safe (bool, optional): Substitute this for another Box if there are known problems
+                displaying on the platform (currently only relevant on Windows). Default is True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Box: A different Box or the same Box.
+        """
+        box = self
+        if options.legacy_windows and safe:
+            box = LEGACY_WINDOWS_SUBSTITUTIONS.get(box, box)
+        if options.ascii_only and not box.ascii:
+            box = ASCII
+        return box
+
+    def get_plain_headed_box(self) -> "Box":
+        """If this box uses special characters for the borders of the header, then
+        return the equivalent box that does not.
+
+        Returns:
+            Box: The most similar Box that doesn't use header-specific box characters.
+                If the current Box already satisfies this criterion, then it's returned.
+        """
+        return PLAIN_HEADED_SUBSTITUTIONS.get(self, self)
+
+    def get_top(self, widths: Iterable[int]) -> str:
+        """Get the top of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        append(self.top_left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(self.top * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(self.top_divider)
+        append(self.top_right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def get_row(
+        self,
+        widths: Iterable[int],
+        level: Literal["head", "row", "foot", "mid"] = "row",
+        edge: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get the top of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            width (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+        if level == "head":
+            left = self.head_row_left
+            horizontal = self.head_row_horizontal
+            cross = self.head_row_cross
+            right = self.head_row_right
+        elif level == "row":
+            left = self.row_left
+            horizontal = self.row_horizontal
+            cross = self.row_cross
+            right = self.row_right
+        elif level == "mid":
+            left = self.mid_left
+            horizontal = " "
+            cross = self.mid_vertical
+            right = self.mid_right
+        elif level == "foot":
+            left = self.foot_row_left
+            horizontal = self.foot_row_horizontal
+            cross = self.foot_row_cross
+            right = self.foot_row_right
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("level must be 'head', 'row' or 'foot'")
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        if edge:
+            append(left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(horizontal * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(cross)
+        if edge:
+            append(right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+    def get_bottom(self, widths: Iterable[int]) -> str:
+        """Get the bottom of a simple box.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): Widths of columns.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string of box characters.
+        """
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        append = parts.append
+        append(self.bottom_left)
+        for last, width in loop_last(widths):
+            append(self.bottom * width)
+            if not last:
+                append(self.bottom_divider)
+        append(self.bottom_right)
+        return "".join(parts)
+
+
+ASCII: Box = Box(
+    """\
++--+
+| ||
+|-+|
+| ||
+|-+|
+|-+|
+| ||
++--+
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+ASCII2: Box = Box(
+    """\
++-++
+| ||
++-++
+| ||
++-++
++-++
+| ||
++-++
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
++-++
+| ||
++=++
+| ||
++-++
++-++
+| ||
++-++
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+SQUARE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┌─┬┐
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+└─┴┘
+"""
+)
+
+SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┌─┬┐
+│ ││
+╞═╪╡
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+└─┴┘
+"""
+)
+
+MINIMAL: Box = Box(
+    """\
+  ╷ 
+  │ 
+╶─┼╴
+  │ 
+╶─┼╴
+╶─┼╴
+  │ 
+  ╵ 
+"""
+)
+
+
+MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+  ╷ 
+  │ 
+╺━┿╸
+  │ 
+╶─┼╴
+╶─┼╴
+  │ 
+  ╵ 
+"""
+)
+
+MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+  ╷ 
+  │ 
+ ═╪ 
+  │ 
+ ─┼ 
+ ─┼ 
+  │ 
+  ╵ 
+"""
+)
+
+
+SIMPLE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+    
+ ── 
+    
+    
+ ── 
+    
+    
+"""
+)
+
+SIMPLE_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+    
+ ── 
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+"""
+)
+
+
+SIMPLE_HEAVY: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+    
+ ━━ 
+    
+    
+ ━━ 
+    
+    
+"""
+)
+
+
+HORIZONTALS: Box = Box(
+    """\
+ ── 
+    
+ ── 
+    
+ ── 
+ ── 
+    
+ ── 
+"""
+)
+
+ROUNDED: Box = Box(
+    """\
+╭─┬╮
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+╰─┴╯
+"""
+)
+
+HEAVY: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┏━┳┓
+┃ ┃┃
+┣━╋┫
+┃ ┃┃
+┣━╋┫
+┣━╋┫
+┃ ┃┃
+┗━┻┛
+"""
+)
+
+HEAVY_EDGE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┏━┯┓
+┃ │┃
+┠─┼┨
+┃ │┃
+┠─┼┨
+┠─┼┨
+┃ │┃
+┗━┷┛
+"""
+)
+
+HEAVY_HEAD: Box = Box(
+    """\
+┏━┳┓
+┃ ┃┃
+┡━╇┩
+│ ││
+├─┼┤
+├─┼┤
+│ ││
+└─┴┘
+"""
+)
+
+DOUBLE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+╔═╦╗
+║ ║║
+╠═╬╣
+║ ║║
+╠═╬╣
+╠═╬╣
+║ ║║
+╚═╩╝
+"""
+)
+
+DOUBLE_EDGE: Box = Box(
+    """\
+╔═╤╗
+║ │║
+╟─┼╢
+║ │║
+╟─┼╢
+╟─┼╢
+║ │║
+╚═╧╝
+"""
+)
+
+MARKDOWN: Box = Box(
+    """\
+    
+| ||
+|-||
+| ||
+|-||
+|-||
+| ||
+    
+""",
+    ascii=True,
+)
+
+# Map Boxes that don't render with raster fonts on to equivalent that do
+LEGACY_WINDOWS_SUBSTITUTIONS = {
+    ROUNDED: SQUARE,
+    MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    SIMPLE_HEAVY: SIMPLE,
+    HEAVY: SQUARE,
+    HEAVY_EDGE: SQUARE,
+    HEAVY_HEAD: SQUARE,
+}
+
+# Map headed boxes to their headerless equivalents
+PLAIN_HEADED_SUBSTITUTIONS = {
+    HEAVY_HEAD: SQUARE,
+    SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD: SQUARE,
+    MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD: MINIMAL,
+    ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD: ASCII2,
+}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.columns import Columns
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    from . import box as box
+    from .console import Console
+    from .table import Table
+    from .text import Text
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    BOXES = [
+        "ASCII",
+        "ASCII2",
+        "ASCII_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "SQUARE",
+        "SQUARE_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "MINIMAL",
+        "MINIMAL_HEAVY_HEAD",
+        "MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD",
+        "SIMPLE",
+        "SIMPLE_HEAD",
+        "SIMPLE_HEAVY",
+        "HORIZONTALS",
+        "ROUNDED",
+        "HEAVY",
+        "HEAVY_EDGE",
+        "HEAVY_HEAD",
+        "DOUBLE",
+        "DOUBLE_EDGE",
+        "MARKDOWN",
+    ]
+
+    console.print(Panel("[bold green]Box Constants", style="green"), justify="center")
+    console.print()
+
+    columns = Columns(expand=True, padding=2)
+    for box_name in sorted(BOXES):
+        table = Table(
+            show_footer=True, style="dim", border_style="not dim", expand=True
+        )
+        table.add_column("Header 1", "Footer 1")
+        table.add_column("Header 2", "Footer 2")
+        table.add_row("Cell", "Cell")
+        table.add_row("Cell", "Cell")
+        table.box = getattr(box, box_name)
+        table.title = Text(f"box.{box_name}", style="magenta")
+        columns.add_renderable(table)
+    console.print(columns)
+
+    # console.save_svg("box.svg")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9354f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/cells.py
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import re
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Callable, List
+
+from ._cell_widths import CELL_WIDTHS
+
+# Regex to match sequence of the most common character ranges
+_is_single_cell_widths = re.compile("^[\u0020-\u006f\u00a0\u02ff\u0370-\u0482]*$").match
+
+
+@lru_cache(4096)
+def cached_cell_len(text: str) -> int:
+    """Get the number of cells required to display text.
+
+    This method always caches, which may use up a lot of memory. It is recommended to use
+    `cell_len` over this method.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): Text to display.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Get the number of cells required to display text.
+    """
+    _get_size = get_character_cell_size
+    total_size = sum(_get_size(character) for character in text)
+    return total_size
+
+
+def cell_len(text: str, _cell_len: Callable[[str], int] = cached_cell_len) -> int:
+    """Get the number of cells required to display text.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): Text to display.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Get the number of cells required to display text.
+    """
+    if len(text) < 512:
+        return _cell_len(text)
+    _get_size = get_character_cell_size
+    total_size = sum(_get_size(character) for character in text)
+    return total_size
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def get_character_cell_size(character: str) -> int:
+    """Get the cell size of a character.
+
+    Args:
+        character (str): A single character.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Number of cells (0, 1 or 2) occupied by that character.
+    """
+    return _get_codepoint_cell_size(ord(character))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+def _get_codepoint_cell_size(codepoint: int) -> int:
+    """Get the cell size of a character.
+
+    Args:
+        codepoint (int): Codepoint of a character.
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Number of cells (0, 1 or 2) occupied by that character.
+    """
+
+    _table = CELL_WIDTHS
+    lower_bound = 0
+    upper_bound = len(_table) - 1
+    index = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+    while True:
+        start, end, width = _table[index]
+        if codepoint < start:
+            upper_bound = index - 1
+        elif codepoint > end:
+            lower_bound = index + 1
+        else:
+            return 0 if width == -1 else width
+        if upper_bound < lower_bound:
+            break
+        index = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+    return 1
+
+
+def set_cell_size(text: str, total: int) -> str:
+    """Set the length of a string to fit within given number of cells."""
+
+    if _is_single_cell_widths(text):
+        size = len(text)
+        if size < total:
+            return text + " " * (total - size)
+        return text[:total]
+
+    if total <= 0:
+        return ""
+    cell_size = cell_len(text)
+    if cell_size == total:
+        return text
+    if cell_size < total:
+        return text + " " * (total - cell_size)
+
+    start = 0
+    end = len(text)
+
+    # Binary search until we find the right size
+    while True:
+        pos = (start + end) // 2
+        before = text[: pos + 1]
+        before_len = cell_len(before)
+        if before_len == total + 1 and cell_len(before[-1]) == 2:
+            return before[:-1] + " "
+        if before_len == total:
+            return before
+        if before_len > total:
+            end = pos
+        else:
+            start = pos
+
+
+# TODO: This is inefficient
+# TODO: This might not work with CWJ type characters
+def chop_cells(text: str, max_size: int, position: int = 0) -> List[str]:
+    """Break text in to equal (cell) length strings, returning the characters in reverse
+    order"""
+    _get_character_cell_size = get_character_cell_size
+    characters = [
+        (character, _get_character_cell_size(character)) for character in text
+    ]
+    total_size = position
+    lines: List[List[str]] = [[]]
+    append = lines[-1].append
+
+    for character, size in reversed(characters):
+        if total_size + size > max_size:
+            lines.append([character])
+            append = lines[-1].append
+            total_size = size
+        else:
+            total_size += size
+            append(character)
+
+    return ["".join(line) for line in lines]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    print(get_character_cell_size("😽"))
+    for line in chop_cells("""这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑。""", 8):
+        print(line)
+    for n in range(80, 1, -1):
+        print(set_cell_size("""这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑。""", n) + "|")
+        print("x" * n)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfe4559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+import platform
+import re
+from colorsys import rgb_to_hls
+from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+
+from ._palettes import EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE, STANDARD_PALETTE, WINDOWS_PALETTE
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .terminal_theme import TerminalTheme
+    from .text import Text
+
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+
+class ColorSystem(IntEnum):
+    """One of the 3 color system supported by terminals."""
+
+    STANDARD = 1
+    EIGHT_BIT = 2
+    TRUECOLOR = 3
+    WINDOWS = 4
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ColorSystem.{self.name}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self)
+
+
+class ColorType(IntEnum):
+    """Type of color stored in Color class."""
+
+    DEFAULT = 0
+    STANDARD = 1
+    EIGHT_BIT = 2
+    TRUECOLOR = 3
+    WINDOWS = 4
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ColorType.{self.name}"
+
+
+ANSI_COLOR_NAMES = {
+    "black": 0,
+    "red": 1,
+    "green": 2,
+    "yellow": 3,
+    "blue": 4,
+    "magenta": 5,
+    "cyan": 6,
+    "white": 7,
+    "bright_black": 8,
+    "bright_red": 9,
+    "bright_green": 10,
+    "bright_yellow": 11,
+    "bright_blue": 12,
+    "bright_magenta": 13,
+    "bright_cyan": 14,
+    "bright_white": 15,
+    "grey0": 16,
+    "gray0": 16,
+    "navy_blue": 17,
+    "dark_blue": 18,
+    "blue3": 20,
+    "blue1": 21,
+    "dark_green": 22,
+    "deep_sky_blue4": 25,
+    "dodger_blue3": 26,
+    "dodger_blue2": 27,
+    "green4": 28,
+    "spring_green4": 29,
+    "turquoise4": 30,
+    "deep_sky_blue3": 32,
+    "dodger_blue1": 33,
+    "green3": 40,
+    "spring_green3": 41,
+    "dark_cyan": 36,
+    "light_sea_green": 37,
+    "deep_sky_blue2": 38,
+    "deep_sky_blue1": 39,
+    "spring_green2": 47,
+    "cyan3": 43,
+    "dark_turquoise": 44,
+    "turquoise2": 45,
+    "green1": 46,
+    "spring_green1": 48,
+    "medium_spring_green": 49,
+    "cyan2": 50,
+    "cyan1": 51,
+    "dark_red": 88,
+    "deep_pink4": 125,
+    "purple4": 55,
+    "purple3": 56,
+    "blue_violet": 57,
+    "orange4": 94,
+    "grey37": 59,
+    "gray37": 59,
+    "medium_purple4": 60,
+    "slate_blue3": 62,
+    "royal_blue1": 63,
+    "chartreuse4": 64,
+    "dark_sea_green4": 71,
+    "pale_turquoise4": 66,
+    "steel_blue": 67,
+    "steel_blue3": 68,
+    "cornflower_blue": 69,
+    "chartreuse3": 76,
+    "cadet_blue": 73,
+    "sky_blue3": 74,
+    "steel_blue1": 81,
+    "pale_green3": 114,
+    "sea_green3": 78,
+    "aquamarine3": 79,
+    "medium_turquoise": 80,
+    "chartreuse2": 112,
+    "sea_green2": 83,
+    "sea_green1": 85,
+    "aquamarine1": 122,
+    "dark_slate_gray2": 87,
+    "dark_magenta": 91,
+    "dark_violet": 128,
+    "purple": 129,
+    "light_pink4": 95,
+    "plum4": 96,
+    "medium_purple3": 98,
+    "slate_blue1": 99,
+    "yellow4": 106,
+    "wheat4": 101,
+    "grey53": 102,
+    "gray53": 102,
+    "light_slate_grey": 103,
+    "light_slate_gray": 103,
+    "medium_purple": 104,
+    "light_slate_blue": 105,
+    "dark_olive_green3": 149,
+    "dark_sea_green": 108,
+    "light_sky_blue3": 110,
+    "sky_blue2": 111,
+    "dark_sea_green3": 150,
+    "dark_slate_gray3": 116,
+    "sky_blue1": 117,
+    "chartreuse1": 118,
+    "light_green": 120,
+    "pale_green1": 156,
+    "dark_slate_gray1": 123,
+    "red3": 160,
+    "medium_violet_red": 126,
+    "magenta3": 164,
+    "dark_orange3": 166,
+    "indian_red": 167,
+    "hot_pink3": 168,
+    "medium_orchid3": 133,
+    "medium_orchid": 134,
+    "medium_purple2": 140,
+    "dark_goldenrod": 136,
+    "light_salmon3": 173,
+    "rosy_brown": 138,
+    "grey63": 139,
+    "gray63": 139,
+    "medium_purple1": 141,
+    "gold3": 178,
+    "dark_khaki": 143,
+    "navajo_white3": 144,
+    "grey69": 145,
+    "gray69": 145,
+    "light_steel_blue3": 146,
+    "light_steel_blue": 147,
+    "yellow3": 184,
+    "dark_sea_green2": 157,
+    "light_cyan3": 152,
+    "light_sky_blue1": 153,
+    "green_yellow": 154,
+    "dark_olive_green2": 155,
+    "dark_sea_green1": 193,
+    "pale_turquoise1": 159,
+    "deep_pink3": 162,
+    "magenta2": 200,
+    "hot_pink2": 169,
+    "orchid": 170,
+    "medium_orchid1": 207,
+    "orange3": 172,
+    "light_pink3": 174,
+    "pink3": 175,
+    "plum3": 176,
+    "violet": 177,
+    "light_goldenrod3": 179,
+    "tan": 180,
+    "misty_rose3": 181,
+    "thistle3": 182,
+    "plum2": 183,
+    "khaki3": 185,
+    "light_goldenrod2": 222,
+    "light_yellow3": 187,
+    "grey84": 188,
+    "gray84": 188,
+    "light_steel_blue1": 189,
+    "yellow2": 190,
+    "dark_olive_green1": 192,
+    "honeydew2": 194,
+    "light_cyan1": 195,
+    "red1": 196,
+    "deep_pink2": 197,
+    "deep_pink1": 199,
+    "magenta1": 201,
+    "orange_red1": 202,
+    "indian_red1": 204,
+    "hot_pink": 206,
+    "dark_orange": 208,
+    "salmon1": 209,
+    "light_coral": 210,
+    "pale_violet_red1": 211,
+    "orchid2": 212,
+    "orchid1": 213,
+    "orange1": 214,
+    "sandy_brown": 215,
+    "light_salmon1": 216,
+    "light_pink1": 217,
+    "pink1": 218,
+    "plum1": 219,
+    "gold1": 220,
+    "navajo_white1": 223,
+    "misty_rose1": 224,
+    "thistle1": 225,
+    "yellow1": 226,
+    "light_goldenrod1": 227,
+    "khaki1": 228,
+    "wheat1": 229,
+    "cornsilk1": 230,
+    "grey100": 231,
+    "gray100": 231,
+    "grey3": 232,
+    "gray3": 232,
+    "grey7": 233,
+    "gray7": 233,
+    "grey11": 234,
+    "gray11": 234,
+    "grey15": 235,
+    "gray15": 235,
+    "grey19": 236,
+    "gray19": 236,
+    "grey23": 237,
+    "gray23": 237,
+    "grey27": 238,
+    "gray27": 238,
+    "grey30": 239,
+    "gray30": 239,
+    "grey35": 240,
+    "gray35": 240,
+    "grey39": 241,
+    "gray39": 241,
+    "grey42": 242,
+    "gray42": 242,
+    "grey46": 243,
+    "gray46": 243,
+    "grey50": 244,
+    "gray50": 244,
+    "grey54": 245,
+    "gray54": 245,
+    "grey58": 246,
+    "gray58": 246,
+    "grey62": 247,
+    "gray62": 247,
+    "grey66": 248,
+    "gray66": 248,
+    "grey70": 249,
+    "gray70": 249,
+    "grey74": 250,
+    "gray74": 250,
+    "grey78": 251,
+    "gray78": 251,
+    "grey82": 252,
+    "gray82": 252,
+    "grey85": 253,
+    "gray85": 253,
+    "grey89": 254,
+    "gray89": 254,
+    "grey93": 255,
+    "gray93": 255,
+}
+
+
+class ColorParseError(Exception):
+    """The color could not be parsed."""
+
+
+RE_COLOR = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+\#([0-9a-f]{6})$|
+color\(([0-9]{1,3})\)$|
+rgb\(([\d\s,]+)\)$
+""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Color(NamedTuple):
+    """Terminal color definition."""
+
+    name: str
+    """The name of the color (typically the input to Color.parse)."""
+    type: ColorType
+    """The type of the color."""
+    number: Optional[int] = None
+    """The color number, if a standard color, or None."""
+    triplet: Optional[ColorTriplet] = None
+    """A triplet of color components, if an RGB color."""
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> "Text":
+        """Displays the actual color if Rich printed."""
+        from .style import Style
+        from .text import Text
+
+        return Text.assemble(
+            f"<color {self.name!r} ({self.type.name.lower()})",
+            ("⬤", Style(color=self)),
+            " >",
+        )
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield self.name
+        yield self.type
+        yield "number", self.number, None
+        yield "triplet", self.triplet, None
+
+    @property
+    def system(self) -> ColorSystem:
+        """Get the native color system for this color."""
+        if self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            return ColorSystem.STANDARD
+        return ColorSystem(int(self.type))
+
+    @property
+    def is_system_defined(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the color is ultimately defined by the system."""
+        return self.system not in (ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT, ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR)
+
+    @property
+    def is_default(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the color is a default color."""
+        return self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT
+
+    def get_truecolor(
+        self, theme: Optional["TerminalTheme"] = None, foreground: bool = True
+    ) -> ColorTriplet:
+        """Get an equivalent color triplet for this color.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): Optional terminal theme, or None to use default. Defaults to None.
+            foreground (bool, optional): True for a foreground color, or False for background. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            ColorTriplet: A color triplet containing RGB components.
+        """
+
+        if theme is None:
+            theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        if self.type == ColorType.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            return self.triplet
+        elif self.type == ColorType.EIGHT_BIT:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number]
+        elif self.type == ColorType.STANDARD:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return theme.ansi_colors[self.number]
+        elif self.type == ColorType.WINDOWS:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return WINDOWS_PALETTE[self.number]
+        else:  # self.type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            assert self.number is None
+            return theme.foreground_color if foreground else theme.background_color
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ansi(cls, number: int) -> "Color":
+        """Create a Color number from it's 8-bit ansi number.
+
+        Args:
+            number (int): A number between 0-255 inclusive.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new Color instance.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            name=f"color({number})",
+            type=(ColorType.STANDARD if number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+            number=number,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_triplet(cls, triplet: "ColorTriplet") -> "Color":
+        """Create a truecolor RGB color from a triplet of values.
+
+        Args:
+            triplet (ColorTriplet): A color triplet containing red, green and blue components.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new color object.
+        """
+        return cls(name=triplet.hex, type=ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_rgb(cls, red: float, green: float, blue: float) -> "Color":
+        """Create a truecolor from three color components in the range(0->255).
+
+        Args:
+            red (float): Red component in range 0-255.
+            green (float): Green component in range 0-255.
+            blue (float): Blue component in range 0-255.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: A new color object.
+        """
+        return cls.from_triplet(ColorTriplet(int(red), int(green), int(blue)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def default(cls) -> "Color":
+        """Get a Color instance representing the default color.
+
+        Returns:
+            Color: Default color.
+        """
+        return cls(name="default", type=ColorType.DEFAULT)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def parse(cls, color: str) -> "Color":
+        """Parse a color definition."""
+        original_color = color
+        color = color.lower().strip()
+
+        if color == "default":
+            return cls(color, type=ColorType.DEFAULT)
+
+        color_number = ANSI_COLOR_NAMES.get(color)
+        if color_number is not None:
+            return cls(
+                color,
+                type=(ColorType.STANDARD if color_number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+                number=color_number,
+            )
+
+        color_match = RE_COLOR.match(color)
+        if color_match is None:
+            raise ColorParseError(f"{original_color!r} is not a valid color")
+
+        color_24, color_8, color_rgb = color_match.groups()
+        if color_24:
+            triplet = ColorTriplet(
+                int(color_24[0:2], 16), int(color_24[2:4], 16), int(color_24[4:6], 16)
+            )
+            return cls(color, ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+        elif color_8:
+            number = int(color_8)
+            if number > 255:
+                raise ColorParseError(f"color number must be <= 255 in {color!r}")
+            return cls(
+                color,
+                type=(ColorType.STANDARD if number < 16 else ColorType.EIGHT_BIT),
+                number=number,
+            )
+
+        else:  #  color_rgb:
+            components = color_rgb.split(",")
+            if len(components) != 3:
+                raise ColorParseError(
+                    f"expected three components in {original_color!r}"
+                )
+            red, green, blue = components
+            triplet = ColorTriplet(int(red), int(green), int(blue))
+            if not all(component <= 255 for component in triplet):
+                raise ColorParseError(
+                    f"color components must be <= 255 in {original_color!r}"
+                )
+            return cls(color, ColorType.TRUECOLOR, triplet=triplet)
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def get_ansi_codes(self, foreground: bool = True) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+        """Get the ANSI escape codes for this color."""
+        _type = self.type
+        if _type == ColorType.DEFAULT:
+            return ("39" if foreground else "49",)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.WINDOWS:
+            number = self.number
+            assert number is not None
+            fore, back = (30, 40) if number < 8 else (82, 92)
+            return (str(fore + number if foreground else back + number),)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.STANDARD:
+            number = self.number
+            assert number is not None
+            fore, back = (30, 40) if number < 8 else (82, 92)
+            return (str(fore + number if foreground else back + number),)
+
+        elif _type == ColorType.EIGHT_BIT:
+            assert self.number is not None
+            return ("38" if foreground else "48", "5", str(self.number))
+
+        else:  # self.standard == ColorStandard.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            red, green, blue = self.triplet
+            return ("38" if foreground else "48", "2", str(red), str(green), str(blue))
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def downgrade(self, system: ColorSystem) -> "Color":
+        """Downgrade a color system to a system with fewer colors."""
+
+        if self.type in (ColorType.DEFAULT, system):
+            return self
+        # Convert to 8-bit color from truecolor color
+        if system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT and self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+            assert self.triplet is not None
+            _h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(*self.triplet.normalized)
+            # If saturation is under 15% assume it is grayscale
+            if s < 0.15:
+                gray = round(l * 25.0)
+                if gray == 0:
+                    color_number = 16
+                elif gray == 25:
+                    color_number = 231
+                else:
+                    color_number = 231 + gray
+                return Color(self.name, ColorType.EIGHT_BIT, number=color_number)
+
+            red, green, blue = self.triplet
+            six_red = red / 95 if red < 95 else 1 + (red - 95) / 40
+            six_green = green / 95 if green < 95 else 1 + (green - 95) / 40
+            six_blue = blue / 95 if blue < 95 else 1 + (blue - 95) / 40
+
+            color_number = (
+                16 + 36 * round(six_red) + 6 * round(six_green) + round(six_blue)
+            )
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.EIGHT_BIT, number=color_number)
+
+        # Convert to standard from truecolor or 8-bit
+        elif system == ColorSystem.STANDARD:
+            if self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+                assert self.triplet is not None
+                triplet = self.triplet
+            else:  # self.system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+                assert self.number is not None
+                triplet = ColorTriplet(*EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number])
+
+            color_number = STANDARD_PALETTE.match(triplet)
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.STANDARD, number=color_number)
+
+        elif system == ColorSystem.WINDOWS:
+            if self.system == ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR:
+                assert self.triplet is not None
+                triplet = self.triplet
+            else:  # self.system == ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+                assert self.number is not None
+                if self.number < 16:
+                    return Color(self.name, ColorType.WINDOWS, number=self.number)
+                triplet = ColorTriplet(*EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[self.number])
+
+            color_number = WINDOWS_PALETTE.match(triplet)
+            return Color(self.name, ColorType.WINDOWS, number=color_number)
+
+        return self
+
+
+def parse_rgb_hex(hex_color: str) -> ColorTriplet:
+    """Parse six hex characters in to RGB triplet."""
+    assert len(hex_color) == 6, "must be 6 characters"
+    color = ColorTriplet(
+        int(hex_color[0:2], 16), int(hex_color[2:4], 16), int(hex_color[4:6], 16)
+    )
+    return color
+
+
+def blend_rgb(
+    color1: ColorTriplet, color2: ColorTriplet, cross_fade: float = 0.5
+) -> ColorTriplet:
+    """Blend one RGB color in to another."""
+    r1, g1, b1 = color1
+    r2, g2, b2 = color2
+    new_color = ColorTriplet(
+        int(r1 + (r2 - r1) * cross_fade),
+        int(g1 + (g2 - g1) * cross_fade),
+        int(b1 + (b2 - b1) * cross_fade),
+    )
+    return new_color
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from .console import Console
+    from .table import Table
+    from .text import Text
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    table = Table(show_footer=False, show_edge=True)
+    table.add_column("Color", width=10, overflow="ellipsis")
+    table.add_column("Number", justify="right", style="yellow")
+    table.add_column("Name", style="green")
+    table.add_column("Hex", style="blue")
+    table.add_column("RGB", style="magenta")
+
+    colors = sorted((v, k) for k, v in ANSI_COLOR_NAMES.items())
+    for color_number, name in colors:
+        if "grey" in name:
+            continue
+        color_cell = Text(" " * 10, style=f"on {name}")
+        if color_number < 16:
+            table.add_row(color_cell, f"{color_number}", Text(f'"{name}"'))
+        else:
+            color = EIGHT_BIT_PALETTE[color_number]  # type: ignore[has-type]
+            table.add_row(
+                color_cell, str(color_number), Text(f'"{name}"'), color.hex, color.rgb
+            )
+
+    console.print(table)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02cab32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/color_triplet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple, Tuple
+
+
+class ColorTriplet(NamedTuple):
+    """The red, green, and blue components of a color."""
+
+    red: int
+    """Red component in 0 to 255 range."""
+    green: int
+    """Green component in 0 to 255 range."""
+    blue: int
+    """Blue component in 0 to 255 range."""
+
+    @property
+    def hex(self) -> str:
+        """get the color triplet in CSS style."""
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return f"#{red:02x}{green:02x}{blue:02x}"
+
+    @property
+    def rgb(self) -> str:
+        """The color in RGB format.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: An rgb color, e.g. ``"rgb(100,23,255)"``.
+        """
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return f"rgb({red},{green},{blue})"
+
+    @property
+    def normalized(self) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
+        """Convert components into floats between 0 and 1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[float, float, float]: A tuple of three normalized colour components.
+        """
+        red, green, blue = self
+        return red / 255.0, green / 255.0, blue / 255.0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..669a3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/columns.py
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from itertools import chain
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .align import Align, AlignMethod
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .table import Table
+from .text import TextType
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+
+
+class Columns(JupyterMixin):
+    """Display renderables in neat columns.
+
+    Args:
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): Any number of Rich renderables (including str).
+        width (int, optional): The desired width of the columns, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Optional padding around cells. Defaults to (0, 1).
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand columns to full width. Defaults to False.
+        equal (bool, optional): Arrange in to equal sized columns. Defaults to False.
+        column_first (bool, optional): Align items from top to bottom (rather than left to right). Defaults to False.
+        right_to_left (bool, optional): Start column from right hand side. Defaults to False.
+        align (str, optional): Align value ("left", "right", or "center") or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        title (TextType, optional): Optional title for Columns.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderables: Optional[Iterable[RenderableType]] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        equal: bool = False,
+        column_first: bool = False,
+        right_to_left: bool = False,
+        align: Optional[AlignMethod] = None,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderables = list(renderables or [])
+        self.width = width
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.expand = expand
+        self.equal = equal
+        self.column_first = column_first
+        self.right_to_left = right_to_left
+        self.align: Optional[AlignMethod] = align
+        self.title = title
+
+    def add_renderable(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Add a renderable to the columns.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object.
+        """
+        self.renderables.append(renderable)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        render_str = console.render_str
+        renderables = [
+            render_str(renderable) if isinstance(renderable, str) else renderable
+            for renderable in self.renderables
+        ]
+        if not renderables:
+            return
+        _top, right, _bottom, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        width_padding = max(left, right)
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        widths: Dict[int, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        column_count = len(renderables)
+
+        get_measurement = Measurement.get
+        renderable_widths = [
+            get_measurement(console, options, renderable).maximum
+            for renderable in renderables
+        ]
+        if self.equal:
+            renderable_widths = [max(renderable_widths)] * len(renderable_widths)
+
+        def iter_renderables(
+            column_count: int,
+        ) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Optional[RenderableType]]]:
+            item_count = len(renderables)
+            if self.column_first:
+                width_renderables = list(zip(renderable_widths, renderables))
+
+                column_lengths: List[int] = [item_count // column_count] * column_count
+                for col_no in range(item_count % column_count):
+                    column_lengths[col_no] += 1
+
+                row_count = (item_count + column_count - 1) // column_count
+                cells = [[-1] * column_count for _ in range(row_count)]
+                row = col = 0
+                for index in range(item_count):
+                    cells[row][col] = index
+                    column_lengths[col] -= 1
+                    if column_lengths[col]:
+                        row += 1
+                    else:
+                        col += 1
+                        row = 0
+                for index in chain.from_iterable(cells):
+                    if index == -1:
+                        break
+                    yield width_renderables[index]
+            else:
+                yield from zip(renderable_widths, renderables)
+            # Pad odd elements with spaces
+            if item_count % column_count:
+                for _ in range(column_count - (item_count % column_count)):
+                    yield 0, None
+
+        table = Table.grid(padding=self.padding, collapse_padding=True, pad_edge=False)
+        table.expand = self.expand
+        table.title = self.title
+
+        if self.width is not None:
+            column_count = (max_width) // (self.width + width_padding)
+            for _ in range(column_count):
+                table.add_column(width=self.width)
+        else:
+            while column_count > 1:
+                widths.clear()
+                column_no = 0
+                for renderable_width, _ in iter_renderables(column_count):
+                    widths[column_no] = max(widths[column_no], renderable_width)
+                    total_width = sum(widths.values()) + width_padding * (
+                        len(widths) - 1
+                    )
+                    if total_width > max_width:
+                        column_count = len(widths) - 1
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        column_no = (column_no + 1) % column_count
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        get_renderable = itemgetter(1)
+        _renderables = [
+            get_renderable(_renderable)
+            for _renderable in iter_renderables(column_count)
+        ]
+        if self.equal:
+            _renderables = [
+                None
+                if renderable is None
+                else Constrain(renderable, renderable_widths[0])
+                for renderable in _renderables
+            ]
+        if self.align:
+            align = self.align
+            _Align = Align
+            _renderables = [
+                None if renderable is None else _Align(renderable, align)
+                for renderable in _renderables
+            ]
+
+        right_to_left = self.right_to_left
+        add_row = table.add_row
+        for start in range(0, len(_renderables), column_count):
+            row = _renderables[start : start + column_count]
+            if right_to_left:
+                row = row[::-1]
+            add_row(*row)
+        yield table
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import os
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    files = [f"{i} {s}" for i, s in enumerate(sorted(os.listdir()))]
+    columns = Columns(files, padding=(0, 1), expand=False, equal=False)
+    console.print(columns)
+    console.rule()
+    columns.column_first = True
+    console.print(columns)
+    columns.right_to_left = True
+    console.rule()
+    console.print(columns)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e559cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/console.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2633 @@
+import inspect
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+import threading
+import zlib
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import wraps
+from getpass import getpass
+from html import escape
+from inspect import isclass
+from itertools import islice
+from math import ceil
+from time import monotonic
+from types import FrameType, ModuleType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NULL_FILE
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal, Protocol, runtime_checkable
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import (
+        Literal,
+        Protocol,
+        runtime_checkable,
+    )  # pragma: no cover
+
+from . import errors, themes
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+from ._export_format import CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT, CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT
+from ._fileno import get_fileno
+from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
+from .align import Align, AlignMethod
+from .color import ColorSystem, blend_rgb
+from .control import Control
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .highlighter import NullHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .markup import render as render_markup
+from .measure import Measurement, measure_renderables
+from .pager import Pager, SystemPager
+from .pretty import Pretty, is_expandable
+from .protocol import rich_cast
+from .region import Region
+from .scope import render_scope
+from .screen import Screen
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .styled import Styled
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, SVG_EXPORT_THEME, TerminalTheme
+from .text import Text, TextType
+from .theme import Theme, ThemeStack
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._windows import WindowsConsoleFeatures
+    from .live import Live
+    from .status import Status
+
+JUPYTER_DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 115
+JUPYTER_DEFAULT_LINES = 100
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+HighlighterType = Callable[[Union[str, "Text"]], "Text"]
+JustifyMethod = Literal["default", "left", "center", "right", "full"]
+OverflowMethod = Literal["fold", "crop", "ellipsis", "ignore"]
+
+
+class NoChange:
+    pass
+
+
+NO_CHANGE = NoChange()
+
+try:
+    _STDIN_FILENO = sys.__stdin__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDIN_FILENO = 0
+try:
+    _STDOUT_FILENO = sys.__stdout__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDOUT_FILENO = 1
+try:
+    _STDERR_FILENO = sys.__stderr__.fileno()
+except Exception:
+    _STDERR_FILENO = 2
+
+_STD_STREAMS = (_STDIN_FILENO, _STDOUT_FILENO, _STDERR_FILENO)
+_STD_STREAMS_OUTPUT = (_STDOUT_FILENO, _STDERR_FILENO)
+
+
+_TERM_COLORS = {
+    "kitty": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "256color": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "16color": ColorSystem.STANDARD,
+}
+
+
+class ConsoleDimensions(NamedTuple):
+    """Size of the terminal."""
+
+    width: int
+    """The width of the console in 'cells'."""
+    height: int
+    """The height of the console in lines."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ConsoleOptions:
+    """Options for __rich_console__ method."""
+
+    size: ConsoleDimensions
+    """Size of console."""
+    legacy_windows: bool
+    """legacy_windows: flag for legacy windows."""
+    min_width: int
+    """Minimum width of renderable."""
+    max_width: int
+    """Maximum width of renderable."""
+    is_terminal: bool
+    """True if the target is a terminal, otherwise False."""
+    encoding: str
+    """Encoding of terminal."""
+    max_height: int
+    """Height of container (starts as terminal)"""
+    justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None
+    """Justify value override for renderable."""
+    overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None
+    """Overflow value override for renderable."""
+    no_wrap: Optional[bool] = False
+    """Disable wrapping for text."""
+    highlight: Optional[bool] = None
+    """Highlight override for render_str."""
+    markup: Optional[bool] = None
+    """Enable markup when rendering strings."""
+    height: Optional[int] = None
+
+    @property
+    def ascii_only(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if renderables should use ascii only."""
+        return not self.encoding.startswith("utf")
+
+    def copy(self) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Return a copy of the options.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleOptions: a copy of self.
+        """
+        options: ConsoleOptions = ConsoleOptions.__new__(ConsoleOptions)
+        options.__dict__ = self.__dict__.copy()
+        return options
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        min_width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        max_width: Union[int, NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        justify: Union[Optional[JustifyMethod], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        overflow: Union[Optional[OverflowMethod], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        no_wrap: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        highlight: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        markup: Union[Optional[bool], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+        height: Union[Optional[int], NoChange] = NO_CHANGE,
+    ) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update values, return a copy."""
+        options = self.copy()
+        if not isinstance(width, NoChange):
+            options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        if not isinstance(min_width, NoChange):
+            options.min_width = min_width
+        if not isinstance(max_width, NoChange):
+            options.max_width = max_width
+        if not isinstance(justify, NoChange):
+            options.justify = justify
+        if not isinstance(overflow, NoChange):
+            options.overflow = overflow
+        if not isinstance(no_wrap, NoChange):
+            options.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        if not isinstance(highlight, NoChange):
+            options.highlight = highlight
+        if not isinstance(markup, NoChange):
+            options.markup = markup
+        if not isinstance(height, NoChange):
+            if height is not None:
+                options.max_height = height
+            options.height = None if height is None else max(0, height)
+        return options
+
+    def update_width(self, width: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update just the width, return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width (sets both min_width and max_width)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        return options
+
+    def update_height(self, height: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update the height, and return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            height (int): New height
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New Console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.max_height = options.height = height
+        return options
+
+    def reset_height(self) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Return a copy of the options with height set to ``None``.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.height = None
+        return options
+
+    def update_dimensions(self, width: int, height: int) -> "ConsoleOptions":
+        """Update the width and height, and return a copy.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width (sets both min_width and max_width).
+            height (int): New height.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ConsoleOptions: New console options instance.
+        """
+        options = self.copy()
+        options.min_width = options.max_width = max(0, width)
+        options.height = options.max_height = height
+        return options
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class RichCast(Protocol):
+    """An object that may be 'cast' to a console renderable."""
+
+    def __rich__(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union["ConsoleRenderable", "RichCast", str]:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class ConsoleRenderable(Protocol):
+    """An object that supports the console protocol."""
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+# A type that may be rendered by Console.
+RenderableType = Union[ConsoleRenderable, RichCast, str]
+
+# The result of calling a __rich_console__ method.
+RenderResult = Iterable[Union[RenderableType, Segment]]
+
+_null_highlighter = NullHighlighter()
+
+
+class CaptureError(Exception):
+    """An error in the Capture context manager."""
+
+
+class NewLine:
+    """A renderable to generate new line(s)"""
+
+    def __init__(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
+        self.count = count
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        yield Segment("\n" * self.count)
+
+
+class ScreenUpdate:
+    """Render a list of lines at a given offset."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: List[List[Segment]], x: int, y: int) -> None:
+        self._lines = lines
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        x = self.x
+        move_to = Control.move_to
+        for offset, line in enumerate(self._lines, self.y):
+            yield move_to(x, offset)
+            yield from line
+
+
+class Capture:
+    """Context manager to capture the result of printing to the console.
+    See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.capture` for how to use.
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console): A console instance to capture output.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console") -> None:
+        self._console = console
+        self._result: Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Capture":
+        self._console.begin_capture()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self._result = self._console.end_capture()
+
+    def get(self) -> str:
+        """Get the result of the capture."""
+        if self._result is None:
+            raise CaptureError(
+                "Capture result is not available until context manager exits."
+            )
+        return self._result
+
+
+class ThemeContext:
+    """A context manager to use a temporary theme. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.use_theme` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console", theme: Theme, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        self.console = console
+        self.theme = theme
+        self.inherit = inherit
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ThemeContext":
+        self.console.push_theme(self.theme)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console.pop_theme()
+
+
+class PagerContext:
+    """A context manager that 'pages' content. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.pager` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        pager: Optional[Pager] = None,
+        styles: bool = False,
+        links: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._console = console
+        self.pager = SystemPager() if pager is None else pager
+        self.styles = styles
+        self.links = links
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "PagerContext":
+        self._console._enter_buffer()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            with self._console._lock:
+                buffer: List[Segment] = self._console._buffer[:]
+                del self._console._buffer[:]
+                segments: Iterable[Segment] = buffer
+                if not self.styles:
+                    segments = Segment.strip_styles(segments)
+                elif not self.links:
+                    segments = Segment.strip_links(segments)
+                content = self._console._render_buffer(segments)
+            self.pager.show(content)
+        self._console._exit_buffer()
+
+
+class ScreenContext:
+    """A context manager that enables an alternative screen. See :meth:`~rich.console.Console.screen` for usage."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, console: "Console", hide_cursor: bool, style: StyleType = ""
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console = console
+        self.hide_cursor = hide_cursor
+        self.screen = Screen(style=style)
+        self._changed = False
+
+    def update(
+        self, *renderables: RenderableType, style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the screen.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType, optional): Optional renderable to replace current renderable,
+                or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            style: (Style, optional): Replacement style, or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if renderables:
+            self.screen.renderable = (
+                Group(*renderables) if len(renderables) > 1 else renderables[0]
+            )
+        if style is not None:
+            self.screen.style = style
+        self.console.print(self.screen, end="")
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "ScreenContext":
+        self._changed = self.console.set_alt_screen(True)
+        if self._changed and self.hide_cursor:
+            self.console.show_cursor(False)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        if self._changed:
+            self.console.set_alt_screen(False)
+            if self.hide_cursor:
+                self.console.show_cursor(True)
+
+
+class Group:
+    """Takes a group of renderables and returns a renderable object that renders the group.
+
+    Args:
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): An iterable of renderable objects.
+        fit (bool, optional): Fit dimension of group to contents, or fill available space. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *renderables: "RenderableType", fit: bool = True) -> None:
+        self._renderables = renderables
+        self.fit = fit
+        self._render: Optional[List[RenderableType]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def renderables(self) -> List["RenderableType"]:
+        if self._render is None:
+            self._render = list(self._renderables)
+        return self._render
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        if self.fit:
+            return measure_renderables(console, options, self.renderables)
+        else:
+            return Measurement(options.max_width, options.max_width)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        yield from self.renderables
+
+
+def group(fit: bool = True) -> Callable[..., Callable[..., Group]]:
+    """A decorator that turns an iterable of renderables in to a group.
+
+    Args:
+        fit (bool, optional): Fit dimension of group to contents, or fill available space. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def decorator(
+        method: Callable[..., Iterable[RenderableType]]
+    ) -> Callable[..., Group]:
+        """Convert a method that returns an iterable of renderables in to a Group."""
+
+        @wraps(method)
+        def _replace(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Group:
+            renderables = method(*args, **kwargs)
+            return Group(*renderables, fit=fit)
+
+        return _replace
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def _is_jupyter() -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Check if we're running in a Jupyter notebook."""
+    try:
+        get_ipython  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    except NameError:
+        return False
+    ipython = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    shell = ipython.__class__.__name__
+    if (
+        "google.colab" in str(ipython.__class__)
+        or os.getenv("DATABRICKS_RUNTIME_VERSION")
+        or shell == "ZMQInteractiveShell"
+    ):
+        return True  # Jupyter notebook or qtconsole
+    elif shell == "TerminalInteractiveShell":
+        return False  # Terminal running IPython
+    else:
+        return False  # Other type (?)
+
+
+COLOR_SYSTEMS = {
+    "standard": ColorSystem.STANDARD,
+    "256": ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT,
+    "truecolor": ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
+    "windows": ColorSystem.WINDOWS,
+}
+
+_COLOR_SYSTEMS_NAMES = {system: name for name, system in COLOR_SYSTEMS.items()}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ConsoleThreadLocals(threading.local):
+    """Thread local values for Console context."""
+
+    theme_stack: ThemeStack
+    buffer: List[Segment] = field(default_factory=list)
+    buffer_index: int = 0
+
+
+class RenderHook(ABC):
+    """Provides hooks in to the render process."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def process_renderables(
+        self, renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable]
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Called with a list of objects to render.
+
+        This method can return a new list of renderables, or modify and return the same list.
+
+        Args:
+            renderables (List[ConsoleRenderable]): A number of renderable objects.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[ConsoleRenderable]: A replacement list of renderables.
+        """
+
+
+_windows_console_features: Optional["WindowsConsoleFeatures"] = None
+
+
+def get_windows_console_features() -> "WindowsConsoleFeatures":  # pragma: no cover
+    global _windows_console_features
+    if _windows_console_features is not None:
+        return _windows_console_features
+    from ._windows import get_windows_console_features
+
+    _windows_console_features = get_windows_console_features()
+    return _windows_console_features
+
+
+def detect_legacy_windows() -> bool:
+    """Detect legacy Windows."""
+    return WINDOWS and not get_windows_console_features().vt
+
+
+class Console:
+    """A high level console interface.
+
+    Args:
+        color_system (str, optional): The color system supported by your terminal,
+            either ``"standard"``, ``"256"`` or ``"truecolor"``. Leave as ``"auto"`` to autodetect.
+        force_terminal (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable terminal control codes, or None to auto-detect terminal. Defaults to None.
+        force_jupyter (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable Jupyter rendering, or None to auto-detect Jupyter. Defaults to None.
+        force_interactive (Optional[bool], optional): Enable/disable interactive mode, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        soft_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Set soft wrap default on print method. Defaults to False.
+        theme (Theme, optional): An optional style theme object, or ``None`` for default theme.
+        stderr (bool, optional): Use stderr rather than stdout if ``file`` is not specified. Defaults to False.
+        file (IO, optional): A file object where the console should write to. Defaults to stdout.
+        quiet (bool, Optional): Boolean to suppress all output. Defaults to False.
+        width (int, optional): The width of the terminal. Leave as default to auto-detect width.
+        height (int, optional): The height of the terminal. Leave as default to auto-detect height.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style to apply to all output, or None for no style. Defaults to None.
+        no_color (Optional[bool], optional): Enabled no color mode, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+        tab_size (int, optional): Number of spaces used to replace a tab character. Defaults to 8.
+        record (bool, optional): Boolean to enable recording of terminal output,
+            required to call :meth:`export_html`, :meth:`export_svg`, and :meth:`export_text`. Defaults to False.
+        markup (bool, optional): Boolean to enable :ref:`console_markup`. Defaults to True.
+        emoji (bool, optional): Enable emoji code. Defaults to True.
+        emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable automatic highlighting. Defaults to True.
+        log_time (bool, optional): Boolean to enable logging of time by :meth:`log` methods. Defaults to True.
+        log_path (bool, optional): Boolean to enable the logging of the caller by :meth:`log`. Defaults to True.
+        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%X] ".
+        highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Default highlighter.
+        legacy_windows (bool, optional): Enable legacy Windows mode, or ``None`` to auto detect. Defaults to ``None``.
+        safe_box (bool, optional): Restrict box options that don't render on legacy Windows.
+        get_datetime (Callable[[], datetime], optional): Callable that gets the current time as a datetime.datetime object (used by Console.log),
+            or None for datetime.now.
+        get_time (Callable[[], time], optional): Callable that gets the current time in seconds, default uses time.monotonic.
+    """
+
+    _environ: Mapping[str, str] = os.environ
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color_system: Optional[
+            Literal["auto", "standard", "256", "truecolor", "windows"]
+        ] = "auto",
+        force_terminal: Optional[bool] = None,
+        force_jupyter: Optional[bool] = None,
+        force_interactive: Optional[bool] = None,
+        soft_wrap: bool = False,
+        theme: Optional[Theme] = None,
+        stderr: bool = False,
+        file: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        quiet: bool = False,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        no_color: Optional[bool] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        record: bool = False,
+        markup: bool = True,
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        log_time: bool = True,
+        log_path: bool = True,
+        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%X]",
+        highlighter: Optional["HighlighterType"] = ReprHighlighter(),
+        legacy_windows: Optional[bool] = None,
+        safe_box: bool = True,
+        get_datetime: Optional[Callable[[], datetime]] = None,
+        get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+        _environ: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
+    ):
+        # Copy of os.environ allows us to replace it for testing
+        if _environ is not None:
+            self._environ = _environ
+
+        self.is_jupyter = _is_jupyter() if force_jupyter is None else force_jupyter
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            if width is None:
+                jupyter_columns = self._environ.get("JUPYTER_COLUMNS")
+                if jupyter_columns is not None and jupyter_columns.isdigit():
+                    width = int(jupyter_columns)
+                else:
+                    width = JUPYTER_DEFAULT_COLUMNS
+            if height is None:
+                jupyter_lines = self._environ.get("JUPYTER_LINES")
+                if jupyter_lines is not None and jupyter_lines.isdigit():
+                    height = int(jupyter_lines)
+                else:
+                    height = JUPYTER_DEFAULT_LINES
+
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self.record = record
+        self._markup = markup
+        self._emoji = emoji
+        self._emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = emoji_variant
+        self._highlight = highlight
+        self.legacy_windows: bool = (
+            (detect_legacy_windows() and not self.is_jupyter)
+            if legacy_windows is None
+            else legacy_windows
+        )
+
+        if width is None:
+            columns = self._environ.get("COLUMNS")
+            if columns is not None and columns.isdigit():
+                width = int(columns) - self.legacy_windows
+        if height is None:
+            lines = self._environ.get("LINES")
+            if lines is not None and lines.isdigit():
+                height = int(lines)
+
+        self.soft_wrap = soft_wrap
+        self._width = width
+        self._height = height
+
+        self._color_system: Optional[ColorSystem]
+
+        self._force_terminal = None
+        if force_terminal is not None:
+            self._force_terminal = force_terminal
+
+        self._file = file
+        self.quiet = quiet
+        self.stderr = stderr
+
+        if color_system is None:
+            self._color_system = None
+        elif color_system == "auto":
+            self._color_system = self._detect_color_system()
+        else:
+            self._color_system = COLOR_SYSTEMS[color_system]
+
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._log_render = LogRender(
+            show_time=log_time,
+            show_path=log_path,
+            time_format=log_time_format,
+        )
+        self.highlighter: HighlighterType = highlighter or _null_highlighter
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self.get_datetime = get_datetime or datetime.now
+        self.get_time = get_time or monotonic
+        self.style = style
+        self.no_color = (
+            no_color if no_color is not None else "NO_COLOR" in self._environ
+        )
+        self.is_interactive = (
+            (self.is_terminal and not self.is_dumb_terminal)
+            if force_interactive is None
+            else force_interactive
+        )
+
+        self._record_buffer_lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._thread_locals = ConsoleThreadLocals(
+            theme_stack=ThemeStack(themes.DEFAULT if theme is None else theme)
+        )
+        self._record_buffer: List[Segment] = []
+        self._render_hooks: List[RenderHook] = []
+        self._live: Optional["Live"] = None
+        self._is_alt_screen = False
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<console width={self.width} {self._color_system!s}>"
+
+    @property
+    def file(self) -> IO[str]:
+        """Get the file object to write to."""
+        file = self._file or (sys.stderr if self.stderr else sys.stdout)
+        file = getattr(file, "rich_proxied_file", file)
+        if file is None:
+            file = NULL_FILE
+        return file
+
+    @file.setter
+    def file(self, new_file: IO[str]) -> None:
+        """Set a new file object."""
+        self._file = new_file
+
+    @property
+    def _buffer(self) -> List[Segment]:
+        """Get a thread local buffer."""
+        return self._thread_locals.buffer
+
+    @property
+    def _buffer_index(self) -> int:
+        """Get a thread local buffer."""
+        return self._thread_locals.buffer_index
+
+    @_buffer_index.setter
+    def _buffer_index(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self._thread_locals.buffer_index = value
+
+    @property
+    def _theme_stack(self) -> ThemeStack:
+        """Get the thread local theme stack."""
+        return self._thread_locals.theme_stack
+
+    def _detect_color_system(self) -> Optional[ColorSystem]:
+        """Detect color system from env vars."""
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            return ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+        if not self.is_terminal or self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            return None
+        if WINDOWS:  # pragma: no cover
+            if self.legacy_windows:  # pragma: no cover
+                return ColorSystem.WINDOWS
+            windows_console_features = get_windows_console_features()
+            return (
+                ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+                if windows_console_features.truecolor
+                else ColorSystem.EIGHT_BIT
+            )
+        else:
+            color_term = self._environ.get("COLORTERM", "").strip().lower()
+            if color_term in ("truecolor", "24bit"):
+                return ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR
+            term = self._environ.get("TERM", "").strip().lower()
+            _term_name, _hyphen, colors = term.rpartition("-")
+            color_system = _TERM_COLORS.get(colors, ColorSystem.STANDARD)
+            return color_system
+
+    def _enter_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Enter in to a buffer context, and buffer all output."""
+        self._buffer_index += 1
+
+    def _exit_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Leave buffer context, and render content if required."""
+        self._buffer_index -= 1
+        self._check_buffer()
+
+    def set_live(self, live: "Live") -> None:
+        """Set Live instance. Used by Live context manager.
+
+        Args:
+            live (Live): Live instance using this Console.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.LiveError: If this Console has a Live context currently active.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._live is not None:
+                raise errors.LiveError("Only one live display may be active at once")
+            self._live = live
+
+    def clear_live(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the Live instance."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._live = None
+
+    def push_render_hook(self, hook: RenderHook) -> None:
+        """Add a new render hook to the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            hook (RenderHook): Render hook instance.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self._render_hooks.append(hook)
+
+    def pop_render_hook(self) -> None:
+        """Pop the last renderhook from the stack."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._render_hooks.pop()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Console":
+        """Own context manager to enter buffer context."""
+        self._enter_buffer()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc_value: Any, traceback: Any) -> None:
+        """Exit buffer context."""
+        self._exit_buffer()
+
+    def begin_capture(self) -> None:
+        """Begin capturing console output. Call :meth:`end_capture` to exit capture mode and return output."""
+        self._enter_buffer()
+
+    def end_capture(self) -> str:
+        """End capture mode and return captured string.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Console output.
+        """
+        render_result = self._render_buffer(self._buffer)
+        del self._buffer[:]
+        self._exit_buffer()
+        return render_result
+
+    def push_theme(self, theme: Theme, *, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Push a new theme on to the top of the stack, replacing the styles from the previous theme.
+        Generally speaking, you should call :meth:`~rich.console.Console.use_theme` to get a context manager, rather
+        than calling this method directly.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): A theme instance.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit existing styles. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        self._theme_stack.push_theme(theme, inherit=inherit)
+
+    def pop_theme(self) -> None:
+        """Remove theme from top of stack, restoring previous theme."""
+        self._theme_stack.pop_theme()
+
+    def use_theme(self, theme: Theme, *, inherit: bool = True) -> ThemeContext:
+        """Use a different theme for the duration of the context manager.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): Theme instance to user.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit existing console styles. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            ThemeContext: [description]
+        """
+        return ThemeContext(self, theme, inherit)
+
+    @property
+    def color_system(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get color system string.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[str]: "standard", "256" or "truecolor".
+        """
+
+        if self._color_system is not None:
+            return _COLOR_SYSTEMS_NAMES[self._color_system]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    @property
+    def encoding(self) -> str:
+        """Get the encoding of the console file, e.g. ``"utf-8"``.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A standard encoding string.
+        """
+        return (getattr(self.file, "encoding", "utf-8") or "utf-8").lower()
+
+    @property
+    def is_terminal(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the console is writing to a terminal.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the console writing to a device capable of
+            understanding terminal codes, otherwise False.
+        """
+        if self._force_terminal is not None:
+            return self._force_terminal
+
+        if hasattr(sys.stdin, "__module__") and sys.stdin.__module__.startswith(
+            "idlelib"
+        ):
+            # Return False for Idle which claims to be a tty but can't handle ansi codes
+            return False
+
+        if self.is_jupyter:
+            # return False for Jupyter, which may have FORCE_COLOR set
+            return False
+
+        # If FORCE_COLOR env var has any value at all, we assume a terminal.
+        force_color = self._environ.get("FORCE_COLOR")
+        if force_color is not None:
+            self._force_terminal = True
+            return True
+
+        isatty: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = getattr(self.file, "isatty", None)
+        try:
+            return False if isatty is None else isatty()
+        except ValueError:
+            # in some situation (at the end of a pytest run for example) isatty() can raise
+            # ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
+            # return False because we aren't in a terminal anymore
+            return False
+
+    @property
+    def is_dumb_terminal(self) -> bool:
+        """Detect dumb terminal.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if writing to a dumb terminal, otherwise False.
+
+        """
+        _term = self._environ.get("TERM", "")
+        is_dumb = _term.lower() in ("dumb", "unknown")
+        return self.is_terminal and is_dumb
+
+    @property
+    def options(self) -> ConsoleOptions:
+        """Get default console options."""
+        return ConsoleOptions(
+            max_height=self.size.height,
+            size=self.size,
+            legacy_windows=self.legacy_windows,
+            min_width=1,
+            max_width=self.width,
+            encoding=self.encoding,
+            is_terminal=self.is_terminal,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> ConsoleDimensions:
+        """Get the size of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleDimensions: A named tuple containing the dimensions.
+        """
+
+        if self._width is not None and self._height is not None:
+            return ConsoleDimensions(self._width - self.legacy_windows, self._height)
+
+        if self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            return ConsoleDimensions(80, 25)
+
+        width: Optional[int] = None
+        height: Optional[int] = None
+
+        if WINDOWS:  # pragma: no cover
+            try:
+                width, height = os.get_terminal_size()
+            except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):  # Probably not a terminal
+                pass
+        else:
+            for file_descriptor in _STD_STREAMS:
+                try:
+                    width, height = os.get_terminal_size(file_descriptor)
+                except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    break
+
+        columns = self._environ.get("COLUMNS")
+        if columns is not None and columns.isdigit():
+            width = int(columns)
+        lines = self._environ.get("LINES")
+        if lines is not None and lines.isdigit():
+            height = int(lines)
+
+        # get_terminal_size can report 0, 0 if run from pseudo-terminal
+        width = width or 80
+        height = height or 25
+        return ConsoleDimensions(
+            width - self.legacy_windows if self._width is None else self._width,
+            height if self._height is None else self._height,
+        )
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, new_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> None:
+        """Set a new size for the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            new_size (Tuple[int, int]): New width and height.
+        """
+        width, height = new_size
+        self._width = width
+        self._height = height
+
+    @property
+    def width(self) -> int:
+        """Get the width of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The width (in characters) of the console.
+        """
+        return self.size.width
+
+    @width.setter
+    def width(self, width: int) -> None:
+        """Set width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): New width.
+        """
+        self._width = width
+
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> int:
+        """Get the height of the console.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The height (in lines) of the console.
+        """
+        return self.size.height
+
+    @height.setter
+    def height(self, height: int) -> None:
+        """Set height.
+
+        Args:
+            height (int): new height.
+        """
+        self._height = height
+
+    def bell(self) -> None:
+        """Play a 'bell' sound (if supported by the terminal)."""
+        self.control(Control.bell())
+
+    def capture(self) -> Capture:
+        """A context manager to *capture* the result of print() or log() in a string,
+        rather than writing it to the console.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.console import Console
+            >>> console = Console()
+            >>> with console.capture() as capture:
+            ...     console.print("[bold magenta]Hello World[/]")
+            >>> print(capture.get())
+
+        Returns:
+            Capture: Context manager with disables writing to the terminal.
+        """
+        capture = Capture(self)
+        return capture
+
+    def pager(
+        self, pager: Optional[Pager] = None, styles: bool = False, links: bool = False
+    ) -> PagerContext:
+        """A context manager to display anything printed within a "pager". The pager application
+        is defined by the system and will typically support at least pressing a key to scroll.
+
+        Args:
+            pager (Pager, optional): A pager object, or None to use :class:`~rich.pager.SystemPager`. Defaults to None.
+            styles (bool, optional): Show styles in pager. Defaults to False.
+            links (bool, optional): Show links in pager. Defaults to False.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.console import Console
+            >>> from rich.__main__ import make_test_card
+            >>> console = Console()
+            >>> with console.pager():
+                    console.print(make_test_card())
+
+        Returns:
+            PagerContext: A context manager.
+        """
+        return PagerContext(self, pager=pager, styles=styles, links=links)
+
+    def line(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Write new line(s).
+
+        Args:
+            count (int, optional): Number of new lines. Defaults to 1.
+        """
+
+        assert count >= 0, "count must be >= 0"
+        self.print(NewLine(count))
+
+    def clear(self, home: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Clear the screen.
+
+        Args:
+            home (bool, optional): Also move the cursor to 'home' position. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        if home:
+            self.control(Control.clear(), Control.home())
+        else:
+            self.control(Control.clear())
+
+    def status(
+        self,
+        status: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        spinner: str = "dots",
+        spinner_style: StyleType = "status.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 12.5,
+    ) -> "Status":
+        """Display a status and spinner.
+
+        Args:
+            status (RenderableType): A status renderable (str or Text typically).
+            spinner (str, optional): Name of spinner animation (see python -m rich.spinner). Defaults to "dots".
+            spinner_style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "status.spinner".
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for spinner animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+            refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of refreshes per second. Defaults to 12.5.
+
+        Returns:
+            Status: A Status object that may be used as a context manager.
+        """
+        from .status import Status
+
+        status_renderable = Status(
+            status,
+            console=self,
+            spinner=spinner,
+            spinner_style=spinner_style,
+            speed=speed,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+        )
+        return status_renderable
+
+    def show_cursor(self, show: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Show or hide the cursor.
+
+        Args:
+            show (bool, optional): Set visibility of the cursor.
+        """
+        if self.is_terminal:
+            self.control(Control.show_cursor(show))
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def set_alt_screen(self, enable: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Enables alternative screen mode.
+
+        Note, if you enable this mode, you should ensure that is disabled before
+        the application exits. See :meth:`~rich.Console.screen` for a context manager
+        that handles this for you.
+
+        Args:
+            enable (bool, optional): Enable (True) or disable (False) alternate screen. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the control codes were written.
+
+        """
+        changed = False
+        if self.is_terminal and not self.legacy_windows:
+            self.control(Control.alt_screen(enable))
+            changed = True
+            self._is_alt_screen = enable
+        return changed
+
+    @property
+    def is_alt_screen(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the alt screen was enabled.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the alt screen was enabled, otherwise False.
+        """
+        return self._is_alt_screen
+
+    def set_window_title(self, title: str) -> bool:
+        """Set the title of the console terminal window.
+
+        Warning: There is no means within Rich of "resetting" the window title to its
+        previous value, meaning the title you set will persist even after your application
+        exits.
+
+        ``fish`` shell resets the window title before and after each command by default,
+        negating this issue. Windows Terminal and command prompt will also reset the title for you.
+        Most other shells and terminals, however, do not do this.
+
+        Some terminals may require configuration changes before you can set the title.
+        Some terminals may not support setting the title at all.
+
+        Other software (including the terminal itself, the shell, custom prompts, plugins, etc.)
+        may also set the terminal window title. This could result in whatever value you write
+        using this method being overwritten.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new title of the terminal window.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the control code to change the terminal title was
+                written, otherwise False. Note that a return value of True
+                does not guarantee that the window title has actually changed,
+                since the feature may be unsupported/disabled in some terminals.
+        """
+        if self.is_terminal:
+            self.control(Control.title(title))
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def screen(
+        self, hide_cursor: bool = True, style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    ) -> "ScreenContext":
+        """Context manager to enable and disable 'alternative screen' mode.
+
+        Args:
+            hide_cursor (bool, optional): Also hide the cursor. Defaults to False.
+            style (Style, optional): Optional style for screen. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~ScreenContext: Context which enables alternate screen on enter, and disables it on exit.
+        """
+        return ScreenContext(self, hide_cursor=hide_cursor, style=style or "")
+
+    def measure(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType, *, options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        """Measure a renderable. Returns a :class:`~rich.measure.Measurement` object which contains
+        information regarding the number of characters required to print the renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable or string.
+            options (Optional[ConsoleOptions], optional): Options to use when measuring, or None
+                to use default options. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: A measurement of the renderable.
+        """
+        measurement = Measurement.get(self, options or self.options, renderable)
+        return measurement
+
+    def render(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType, options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """Render an object in to an iterable of `Segment` instances.
+
+        This method contains the logic for rendering objects with the console protocol.
+        You are unlikely to need to use it directly, unless you are extending the library.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): An object supporting the console protocol, or
+                an object that may be converted to a string.
+            options (ConsoleOptions, optional): An options object, or None to use self.options. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: An iterable of segments that may be rendered.
+        """
+
+        _options = options or self.options
+        if _options.max_width < 1:
+            # No space to render anything. This prevents potential recursion errors.
+            return
+        render_iterable: RenderResult
+
+        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+        if hasattr(renderable, "__rich_console__") and not isclass(renderable):
+            render_iterable = renderable.__rich_console__(self, _options)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        elif isinstance(renderable, str):
+            text_renderable = self.render_str(
+                renderable, highlight=_options.highlight, markup=_options.markup
+            )
+            render_iterable = text_renderable.__rich_console__(self, _options)
+        else:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"Unable to render {renderable!r}; "
+                "A str, Segment or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            iter_render = iter(render_iterable)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"object {render_iterable!r} is not renderable"
+            )
+        _Segment = Segment
+        _options = _options.reset_height()
+        for render_output in iter_render:
+            if isinstance(render_output, _Segment):
+                yield render_output
+            else:
+                yield from self.render(render_output, _options)
+
+    def render_lines(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None,
+        *,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List[Segment]]:
+        """Render objects in to a list of lines.
+
+        The output of render_lines is useful when further formatting of rendered console text
+        is required, such as the Panel class which draws a border around any renderable object.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any object renderable in the console.
+            options (Optional[ConsoleOptions], optional): Console options, or None to use self.options. Default to ``None``.
+            style (Style, optional): Optional style to apply to renderables. Defaults to ``None``.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad lines shorter than render width. Defaults to ``True``.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Include "\n" characters at end of lines.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: A list of lines, where a line is a list of Segment objects.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            render_options = options or self.options
+            _rendered = self.render(renderable, render_options)
+            if style:
+                _rendered = Segment.apply_style(_rendered, style)
+
+            render_height = render_options.height
+            if render_height is not None:
+                render_height = max(0, render_height)
+
+            lines = list(
+                islice(
+                    Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                        _rendered,
+                        render_options.max_width,
+                        include_new_lines=new_lines,
+                        pad=pad,
+                        style=style,
+                    ),
+                    None,
+                    render_height,
+                )
+            )
+            if render_options.height is not None:
+                extra_lines = render_options.height - len(lines)
+                if extra_lines > 0:
+                    pad_line = [
+                        [Segment(" " * render_options.max_width, style), Segment("\n")]
+                        if new_lines
+                        else [Segment(" " * render_options.max_width, style)]
+                    ]
+                    lines.extend(pad_line * extra_lines)
+
+            return lines
+
+    def render_str(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlighter: Optional[HighlighterType] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Convert a string to a Text instance. This is called automatically if
+        you print or log a string.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): Text to render.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style to apply to rendered text.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "center", "full", or "right". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable highlighting, or ``None`` to use Console default.
+            highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Optional highlighter to apply.
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable object.
+
+        """
+        emoji_enabled = emoji or (emoji is None and self._emoji)
+        markup_enabled = markup or (markup is None and self._markup)
+        highlight_enabled = highlight or (highlight is None and self._highlight)
+
+        if markup_enabled:
+            rich_text = render_markup(
+                text,
+                style=style,
+                emoji=emoji_enabled,
+                emoji_variant=self._emoji_variant,
+            )
+            rich_text.justify = justify
+            rich_text.overflow = overflow
+        else:
+            rich_text = Text(
+                _emoji_replace(text, default_variant=self._emoji_variant)
+                if emoji_enabled
+                else text,
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                style=style,
+            )
+
+        _highlighter = (highlighter or self.highlighter) if highlight_enabled else None
+        if _highlighter is not None:
+            highlight_text = _highlighter(str(rich_text))
+            highlight_text.copy_styles(rich_text)
+            return highlight_text
+
+        return rich_text
+
+    def get_style(
+        self, name: Union[str, Style], *, default: Optional[Union[Style, str]] = None
+    ) -> Style:
+        """Get a Style instance by its theme name or parse a definition.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): The name of a style or a style definition.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style object.
+
+        Raises:
+            MissingStyle: If no style could be parsed from name.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(name, Style):
+            return name
+
+        try:
+            style = self._theme_stack.get(name)
+            if style is None:
+                style = Style.parse(name)
+            return style.copy() if style.link else style
+        except errors.StyleSyntaxError as error:
+            if default is not None:
+                return self.get_style(default)
+            raise errors.MissingStyle(
+                f"Failed to get style {name!r}; {error}"
+            ) from None
+
+    def _collect_renderables(
+        self,
+        objects: Iterable[Any],
+        sep: str,
+        end: str,
+        *,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Combine a number of renderables and text into one renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (Iterable[Any]): Anything that Rich can render.
+            sep (str): String to write between print data.
+            end (str): String to write at end of print data.
+            justify (str, optional): One of "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[ConsoleRenderable]: A list of things to render.
+        """
+        renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable] = []
+        _append = renderables.append
+        text: List[Text] = []
+        append_text = text.append
+
+        append = _append
+        if justify in ("left", "center", "right"):
+
+            def align_append(renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+                _append(Align(renderable, cast(AlignMethod, justify)))
+
+            append = align_append
+
+        _highlighter: HighlighterType = _null_highlighter
+        if highlight or (highlight is None and self._highlight):
+            _highlighter = self.highlighter
+
+        def check_text() -> None:
+            if text:
+                sep_text = Text(sep, justify=justify, end=end)
+                append(sep_text.join(text))
+                text.clear()
+
+        for renderable in objects:
+            renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+            if isinstance(renderable, str):
+                append_text(
+                    self.render_str(
+                        renderable, emoji=emoji, markup=markup, highlighter=_highlighter
+                    )
+                )
+            elif isinstance(renderable, Text):
+                append_text(renderable)
+            elif isinstance(renderable, ConsoleRenderable):
+                check_text()
+                append(renderable)
+            elif is_expandable(renderable):
+                check_text()
+                append(Pretty(renderable, highlighter=_highlighter))
+            else:
+                append_text(_highlighter(str(renderable)))
+
+        check_text()
+
+        if self.style is not None:
+            style = self.get_style(self.style)
+            renderables = [Styled(renderable, style) for renderable in renderables]
+
+        return renderables
+
+    def rule(
+        self,
+        title: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        characters: str = "─",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "rule.line",
+        align: AlignMethod = "center",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Draw a line with optional centered title.
+
+        Args:
+            title (str, optional): Text to render over the rule. Defaults to "".
+            characters (str, optional): Character(s) to form the line. Defaults to "─".
+            style (str, optional): Style of line. Defaults to "rule.line".
+            align (str, optional): How to align the title, one of "left", "center", or "right". Defaults to "center".
+        """
+        from .rule import Rule
+
+        rule = Rule(title=title, characters=characters, style=style, align=align)
+        self.print(rule)
+
+    def control(self, *control: Control) -> None:
+        """Insert non-printing control codes.
+
+        Args:
+            control_codes (str): Control codes, such as those that may move the cursor.
+        """
+        if not self.is_dumb_terminal:
+            with self:
+                self._buffer.extend(_control.segment for _control in control)
+
+    def out(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Output to the terminal. This is a low-level way of writing to the terminal which unlike
+        :meth:`~rich.console.Console.print` won't pretty print, wrap text, or apply markup, but will
+        optionally apply highlighting and a basic style.
+
+        Args:
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use
+                console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+        """
+        raw_output: str = sep.join(str(_object) for _object in objects)
+        self.print(
+            raw_output,
+            style=style,
+            highlight=highlight,
+            emoji=False,
+            markup=False,
+            no_wrap=True,
+            overflow="ignore",
+            crop=False,
+            end=end,
+        )
+
+    def print(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        overflow: Optional[OverflowMethod] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        crop: bool = True,
+        soft_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        new_line_start: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Print to the console.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (positional args): Objects to log to the terminal.
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "ignore", "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Disable word wrapping. Defaults to None.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Width of output, or ``None`` to auto-detect. Defaults to ``None``.
+            crop (Optional[bool], optional): Crop output to width of terminal. Defaults to True.
+            soft_wrap (bool, optional): Enable soft wrap mode which disables word wrapping and cropping of text or ``None`` for
+                Console default. Defaults to ``None``.
+            new_line_start (bool, False): Insert a new line at the start if the output contains more than one line. Defaults to ``False``.
+        """
+        if not objects:
+            objects = (NewLine(),)
+
+        if soft_wrap is None:
+            soft_wrap = self.soft_wrap
+        if soft_wrap:
+            if no_wrap is None:
+                no_wrap = True
+            if overflow is None:
+                overflow = "ignore"
+            crop = False
+        render_hooks = self._render_hooks[:]
+        with self:
+            renderables = self._collect_renderables(
+                objects,
+                sep,
+                end,
+                justify=justify,
+                emoji=emoji,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+            for hook in render_hooks:
+                renderables = hook.process_renderables(renderables)
+            render_options = self.options.update(
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                width=min(width, self.width) if width is not None else NO_CHANGE,
+                height=height,
+                no_wrap=no_wrap,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+
+            new_segments: List[Segment] = []
+            extend = new_segments.extend
+            render = self.render
+            if style is None:
+                for renderable in renderables:
+                    extend(render(renderable, render_options))
+            else:
+                for renderable in renderables:
+                    extend(
+                        Segment.apply_style(
+                            render(renderable, render_options), self.get_style(style)
+                        )
+                    )
+            if new_line_start:
+                if (
+                    len("".join(segment.text for segment in new_segments).splitlines())
+                    > 1
+                ):
+                    new_segments.insert(0, Segment.line())
+            if crop:
+                buffer_extend = self._buffer.extend
+                for line in Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                    new_segments, self.width, pad=False
+                ):
+                    buffer_extend(line)
+            else:
+                self._buffer.extend(new_segments)
+
+    def print_json(
+        self,
+        json: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        data: Any = None,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Pretty prints JSON. Output will be valid JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            json (Optional[str]): A string containing JSON.
+            data (Any): If json is not supplied, then encode this data.
+            indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 2.
+            highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting of output: Defaults to True.
+            skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+            ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+            check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+            allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+                in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+            sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        from pip._vendor.rich.json import JSON
+
+        if json is None:
+            json_renderable = JSON.from_data(
+                data,
+                indent=indent,
+                highlight=highlight,
+                skip_keys=skip_keys,
+                ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+                check_circular=check_circular,
+                allow_nan=allow_nan,
+                default=default,
+                sort_keys=sort_keys,
+            )
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(json, str):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"json must be str. Did you mean print_json(data={json!r}) ?"
+                )
+            json_renderable = JSON(
+                json,
+                indent=indent,
+                highlight=highlight,
+                skip_keys=skip_keys,
+                ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+                check_circular=check_circular,
+                allow_nan=allow_nan,
+                default=default,
+                sort_keys=sort_keys,
+            )
+        self.print(json_renderable, soft_wrap=True)
+
+    def update_screen(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        region: Optional[Region] = None,
+        options: Optional[ConsoleOptions] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the screen at a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): A Rich renderable.
+            region (Region, optional): Region of screen to update, or None for entire screen. Defaults to None.
+            x (int, optional): x offset. Defaults to 0.
+            y (int, optional): y offset. Defaults to 0.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NoAltScreen: If the Console isn't in alt screen mode.
+
+        """
+        if not self.is_alt_screen:
+            raise errors.NoAltScreen("Alt screen must be enabled to call update_screen")
+        render_options = options or self.options
+        if region is None:
+            x = y = 0
+            render_options = render_options.update_dimensions(
+                render_options.max_width, render_options.height or self.height
+            )
+        else:
+            x, y, width, height = region
+            render_options = render_options.update_dimensions(width, height)
+
+        lines = self.render_lines(renderable, options=render_options)
+        self.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)
+
+    def update_screen_lines(
+        self, lines: List[List[Segment]], x: int = 0, y: int = 0
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update lines of the screen at a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): Rendered lines (as produced by :meth:`~rich.Console.render_lines`).
+            x (int, optional): x offset (column no). Defaults to 0.
+            y (int, optional): y offset (column no). Defaults to 0.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NoAltScreen: If the Console isn't in alt screen mode.
+        """
+        if not self.is_alt_screen:
+            raise errors.NoAltScreen("Alt screen must be enabled to call update_screen")
+        screen_update = ScreenUpdate(lines, x, y)
+        segments = self.render(screen_update)
+        self._buffer.extend(segments)
+        self._check_buffer()
+
+    def print_exception(
+        self,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Prints a rich render of the last exception and traceback.
+
+        Args:
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render code. Defaults to 100.
+            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+        """
+        from .traceback import Traceback
+
+        traceback = Traceback(
+            width=width,
+            extra_lines=extra_lines,
+            theme=theme,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            suppress=suppress,
+            max_frames=max_frames,
+        )
+        self.print(traceback)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _caller_frame_info(
+        offset: int,
+        currentframe: Callable[[], Optional[FrameType]] = inspect.currentframe,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, int, Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get caller frame information.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): the caller offset within the current frame stack.
+            currentframe (Callable[[], Optional[FrameType]], optional): the callable to use to
+                retrieve the current frame. Defaults to ``inspect.currentframe``.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[str, int, Dict[str, Any]]: A tuple containing the filename, the line number and
+                the dictionary of local variables associated with the caller frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the stack offset is invalid.
+        """
+        # Ignore the frame of this local helper
+        offset += 1
+
+        frame = currentframe()
+        if frame is not None:
+            # Use the faster currentframe where implemented
+            while offset and frame is not None:
+                frame = frame.f_back
+                offset -= 1
+            assert frame is not None
+            return frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno, frame.f_locals
+        else:
+            # Fallback to the slower stack
+            frame_info = inspect.stack()[offset]
+            return frame_info.filename, frame_info.lineno, frame_info.frame.f_locals
+
+    def log(
+        self,
+        *objects: Any,
+        sep: str = " ",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        style: Optional[Union[str, Style]] = None,
+        justify: Optional[JustifyMethod] = None,
+        emoji: Optional[bool] = None,
+        markup: Optional[bool] = None,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = None,
+        log_locals: bool = False,
+        _stack_offset: int = 1,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Log rich content to the terminal.
+
+        Args:
+            objects (positional args): Objects to log to the terminal.
+            sep (str, optional): String to write between print data. Defaults to " ".
+            end (str, optional): String to write at end of print data. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): A style to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+            justify (str, optional): One of "left", "right", "center", or "full". Defaults to ``None``.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            emoji (Optional[bool], optional): Enable emoji code, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            markup (Optional[bool], optional): Enable markup, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Enable automatic highlighting, or ``None`` to use console default. Defaults to None.
+            log_locals (bool, optional): Boolean to enable logging of locals where ``log()``
+                was called. Defaults to False.
+            _stack_offset (int, optional): Offset of caller from end of call stack. Defaults to 1.
+        """
+        if not objects:
+            objects = (NewLine(),)
+
+        render_hooks = self._render_hooks[:]
+
+        with self:
+            renderables = self._collect_renderables(
+                objects,
+                sep,
+                end,
+                justify=justify,
+                emoji=emoji,
+                markup=markup,
+                highlight=highlight,
+            )
+            if style is not None:
+                renderables = [Styled(renderable, style) for renderable in renderables]
+
+            filename, line_no, locals = self._caller_frame_info(_stack_offset)
+            link_path = None if filename.startswith("<") else os.path.abspath(filename)
+            path = filename.rpartition(os.sep)[-1]
+            if log_locals:
+                locals_map = {
+                    key: value
+                    for key, value in locals.items()
+                    if not key.startswith("__")
+                }
+                renderables.append(render_scope(locals_map, title="[i]locals"))
+
+            renderables = [
+                self._log_render(
+                    self,
+                    renderables,
+                    log_time=self.get_datetime(),
+                    path=path,
+                    line_no=line_no,
+                    link_path=link_path,
+                )
+            ]
+            for hook in render_hooks:
+                renderables = hook.process_renderables(renderables)
+            new_segments: List[Segment] = []
+            extend = new_segments.extend
+            render = self.render
+            render_options = self.options
+            for renderable in renderables:
+                extend(render(renderable, render_options))
+            buffer_extend = self._buffer.extend
+            for line in Segment.split_and_crop_lines(
+                new_segments, self.width, pad=False
+            ):
+                buffer_extend(line)
+
+    def _check_buffer(self) -> None:
+        """Check if the buffer may be rendered. Render it if it can (e.g. Console.quiet is False)
+        Rendering is supported on Windows, Unix and Jupyter environments. For
+        legacy Windows consoles, the win32 API is called directly.
+        This method will also record what it renders if recording is enabled via Console.record.
+        """
+        if self.quiet:
+            del self._buffer[:]
+            return
+        with self._lock:
+            if self.record:
+                with self._record_buffer_lock:
+                    self._record_buffer.extend(self._buffer[:])
+
+            if self._buffer_index == 0:
+                if self.is_jupyter:  # pragma: no cover
+                    from .jupyter import display
+
+                    display(self._buffer, self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:]))
+                    del self._buffer[:]
+                else:
+                    if WINDOWS:
+                        use_legacy_windows_render = False
+                        if self.legacy_windows:
+                            fileno = get_fileno(self.file)
+                            if fileno is not None:
+                                use_legacy_windows_render = (
+                                    fileno in _STD_STREAMS_OUTPUT
+                                )
+
+                        if use_legacy_windows_render:
+                            from pip._vendor.rich._win32_console import LegacyWindowsTerm
+                            from pip._vendor.rich._windows_renderer import legacy_windows_render
+
+                            buffer = self._buffer[:]
+                            if self.no_color and self._color_system:
+                                buffer = list(Segment.remove_color(buffer))
+
+                            legacy_windows_render(buffer, LegacyWindowsTerm(self.file))
+                        else:
+                            # Either a non-std stream on legacy Windows, or modern Windows.
+                            text = self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:])
+                            # https://bugs.python.org/issue37871
+                            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82052
+                            # We need to avoid writing more than 32Kb in a single write, due to the above bug
+                            write = self.file.write
+                            # Worse case scenario, every character is 4 bytes of utf-8
+                            MAX_WRITE = 32 * 1024 // 4
+                            try:
+                                if len(text) <= MAX_WRITE:
+                                    write(text)
+                                else:
+                                    batch: List[str] = []
+                                    batch_append = batch.append
+                                    size = 0
+                                    for line in text.splitlines(True):
+                                        if size + len(line) > MAX_WRITE and batch:
+                                            write("".join(batch))
+                                            batch.clear()
+                                            size = 0
+                                        batch_append(line)
+                                        size += len(line)
+                                    if batch:
+                                        write("".join(batch))
+                                        batch.clear()
+                            except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
+                                error.reason = f"{error.reason}\n*** You may need to add PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 to your environment ***"
+                                raise
+                    else:
+                        text = self._render_buffer(self._buffer[:])
+                        try:
+                            self.file.write(text)
+                        except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
+                            error.reason = f"{error.reason}\n*** You may need to add PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 to your environment ***"
+                            raise
+
+                    self.file.flush()
+                    del self._buffer[:]
+
+    def _render_buffer(self, buffer: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
+        """Render buffered output, and clear buffer."""
+        output: List[str] = []
+        append = output.append
+        color_system = self._color_system
+        legacy_windows = self.legacy_windows
+        not_terminal = not self.is_terminal
+        if self.no_color and color_system:
+            buffer = Segment.remove_color(buffer)
+        for text, style, control in buffer:
+            if style:
+                append(
+                    style.render(
+                        text,
+                        color_system=color_system,
+                        legacy_windows=legacy_windows,
+                    )
+                )
+            elif not (not_terminal and control):
+                append(text)
+
+        rendered = "".join(output)
+        return rendered
+
+    def input(
+        self,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        markup: bool = True,
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        password: bool = False,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Displays a prompt and waits for input from the user. The prompt may contain color / style.
+
+        It works in the same way as Python's builtin :func:`input` function and provides elaborate line editing and history features if Python's builtin :mod:`readline` module is previously loaded.
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (Union[str, Text]): Text to render in the prompt.
+            markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup (requires a str prompt). Defaults to True.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Enable emoji (requires a str prompt). Defaults to True.
+            password: (bool, optional): Hide typed text. Defaults to False.
+            stream: (TextIO, optional): Optional file to read input from (rather than stdin). Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Text read from stdin.
+        """
+        if prompt:
+            self.print(prompt, markup=markup, emoji=emoji, end="")
+        if password:
+            result = getpass("", stream=stream)
+        else:
+            if stream:
+                result = stream.readline()
+            else:
+                result = input()
+        return result
+
+    def export_text(self, *, clear: bool = True, styles: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Generate text from console contents (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            styles (bool, optional): If ``True``, ansi escape codes will be included. ``False`` for plain text.
+                Defaults to ``False``.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing console contents.
+
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.record
+        ), "To export console contents set record=True in the constructor or instance"
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            if styles:
+                text = "".join(
+                    (style.render(text) if style else text)
+                    for text, style, _ in self._record_buffer
+                )
+            else:
+                text = "".join(
+                    segment.text
+                    for segment in self._record_buffer
+                    if not segment.control
+                )
+            if clear:
+                del self._record_buffer[:]
+        return text
+
+    def save_text(self, path: str, *, clear: bool = True, styles: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Generate text from console and save to a given location (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to write text files.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            styles (bool, optional): If ``True``, ansi style codes will be included. ``False`` for plain text.
+                Defaults to ``False``.
+
+        """
+        text = self.export_text(clear=clear, styles=styles)
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(text)
+
+    def export_html(
+        self,
+        *,
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: Optional[str] = None,
+        inline_styles: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Generate HTML from console contents (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): TerminalTheme object containing console colors.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string to render HTML. In addition to '{foreground}',
+                '{background}', and '{code}', should contain '{stylesheet}' if inline_styles is ``False``.
+            inline_styles (bool, optional): If ``True`` styles will be inlined in to spans, which makes files
+                larger but easier to cut and paste markup. If ``False``, styles will be embedded in a style tag.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing console contents as HTML.
+        """
+        assert (
+            self.record
+        ), "To export console contents set record=True in the constructor or instance"
+        fragments: List[str] = []
+        append = fragments.append
+        _theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        stylesheet = ""
+
+        render_code_format = CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT if code_format is None else code_format
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            if inline_styles:
+                for text, style, _ in Segment.filter_control(
+                    Segment.simplify(self._record_buffer)
+                ):
+                    text = escape(text)
+                    if style:
+                        rule = style.get_html_style(_theme)
+                        if style.link:
+                            text = f'<a href="{style.link}">{text}</a>'
+                        text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
+                    append(text)
+            else:
+                styles: Dict[str, int] = {}
+                for text, style, _ in Segment.filter_control(
+                    Segment.simplify(self._record_buffer)
+                ):
+                    text = escape(text)
+                    if style:
+                        rule = style.get_html_style(_theme)
+                        style_number = styles.setdefault(rule, len(styles) + 1)
+                        if style.link:
+                            text = f'<a class="r{style_number}" href="{style.link}">{text}</a>'
+                        else:
+                            text = f'<span class="r{style_number}">{text}</span>'
+                    append(text)
+                stylesheet_rules: List[str] = []
+                stylesheet_append = stylesheet_rules.append
+                for style_rule, style_number in styles.items():
+                    if style_rule:
+                        stylesheet_append(f".r{style_number} {{{style_rule}}}")
+                stylesheet = "\n".join(stylesheet_rules)
+
+            rendered_code = render_code_format.format(
+                code="".join(fragments),
+                stylesheet=stylesheet,
+                foreground=_theme.foreground_color.hex,
+                background=_theme.background_color.hex,
+            )
+            if clear:
+                del self._record_buffer[:]
+        return rendered_code
+
+    def save_html(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_HTML_FORMAT,
+        inline_styles: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Generate HTML from console contents and write to a file (requires record=True argument in constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to write html file.
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): TerminalTheme object containing console colors.
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``.
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string to render HTML. In addition to '{foreground}',
+                '{background}', and '{code}', should contain '{stylesheet}' if inline_styles is ``False``.
+            inline_styles (bool, optional): If ``True`` styles will be inlined in to spans, which makes files
+                larger but easier to cut and paste markup. If ``False``, styles will be embedded in a style tag.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        """
+        html = self.export_html(
+            theme=theme,
+            clear=clear,
+            code_format=code_format,
+            inline_styles=inline_styles,
+        )
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(html)
+
+    def export_svg(
+        self,
+        *,
+        title: str = "Rich",
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT,
+        font_aspect_ratio: float = 0.61,
+        unique_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Generate an SVG from the console contents (requires record=True in Console constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            title (str, optional): The title of the tab in the output image
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): The ``TerminalTheme`` object to use to style the terminal
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string used to generate the SVG. Rich will inject a number of variables
+                into the string in order to form the final SVG output. The default template used and the variables
+                injected by Rich can be found by inspecting the ``console.CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT`` variable.
+            font_aspect_ratio (float, optional): The width to height ratio of the font used in the ``code_format``
+                string. Defaults to 0.61, which is the width to height ratio of Fira Code (the default font).
+                If you aren't specifying a different font inside ``code_format``, you probably don't need this.
+            unique_id (str, optional): unique id that is used as the prefix for various elements (CSS styles, node
+                ids). If not set, this defaults to a computed value based on the recorded content.
+        """
+
+        from pip._vendor.rich.cells import cell_len
+
+        style_cache: Dict[Style, str] = {}
+
+        def get_svg_style(style: Style) -> str:
+            """Convert a Style to CSS rules for SVG."""
+            if style in style_cache:
+                return style_cache[style]
+            css_rules = []
+            color = (
+                _theme.foreground_color
+                if (style.color is None or style.color.is_default)
+                else style.color.get_truecolor(_theme)
+            )
+            bgcolor = (
+                _theme.background_color
+                if (style.bgcolor is None or style.bgcolor.is_default)
+                else style.bgcolor.get_truecolor(_theme)
+            )
+            if style.reverse:
+                color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+            if style.dim:
+                color = blend_rgb(color, bgcolor, 0.4)
+            css_rules.append(f"fill: {color.hex}")
+            if style.bold:
+                css_rules.append("font-weight: bold")
+            if style.italic:
+                css_rules.append("font-style: italic;")
+            if style.underline:
+                css_rules.append("text-decoration: underline;")
+            if style.strike:
+                css_rules.append("text-decoration: line-through;")
+
+            css = ";".join(css_rules)
+            style_cache[style] = css
+            return css
+
+        _theme = theme or SVG_EXPORT_THEME
+
+        width = self.width
+        char_height = 20
+        char_width = char_height * font_aspect_ratio
+        line_height = char_height * 1.22
+
+        margin_top = 1
+        margin_right = 1
+        margin_bottom = 1
+        margin_left = 1
+
+        padding_top = 40
+        padding_right = 8
+        padding_bottom = 8
+        padding_left = 8
+
+        padding_width = padding_left + padding_right
+        padding_height = padding_top + padding_bottom
+        margin_width = margin_left + margin_right
+        margin_height = margin_top + margin_bottom
+
+        text_backgrounds: List[str] = []
+        text_group: List[str] = []
+        classes: Dict[str, int] = {}
+        style_no = 1
+
+        def escape_text(text: str) -> str:
+            """HTML escape text and replace spaces with nbsp."""
+            return escape(text).replace(" ", "&#160;")
+
+        def make_tag(
+            name: str, content: Optional[str] = None, **attribs: object
+        ) -> str:
+            """Make a tag from name, content, and attributes."""
+
+            def stringify(value: object) -> str:
+                if isinstance(value, (float)):
+                    return format(value, "g")
+                return str(value)
+
+            tag_attribs = " ".join(
+                f'{k.lstrip("_").replace("_", "-")}="{stringify(v)}"'
+                for k, v in attribs.items()
+            )
+            return (
+                f"<{name} {tag_attribs}>{content}</{name}>"
+                if content
+                else f"<{name} {tag_attribs}/>"
+            )
+
+        with self._record_buffer_lock:
+            segments = list(Segment.filter_control(self._record_buffer))
+            if clear:
+                self._record_buffer.clear()
+
+        if unique_id is None:
+            unique_id = "terminal-" + str(
+                zlib.adler32(
+                    ("".join(repr(segment) for segment in segments)).encode(
+                        "utf-8",
+                        "ignore",
+                    )
+                    + title.encode("utf-8", "ignore")
+                )
+            )
+        y = 0
+        for y, line in enumerate(Segment.split_and_crop_lines(segments, length=width)):
+            x = 0
+            for text, style, _control in line:
+                style = style or Style()
+                rules = get_svg_style(style)
+                if rules not in classes:
+                    classes[rules] = style_no
+                    style_no += 1
+                class_name = f"r{classes[rules]}"
+
+                if style.reverse:
+                    has_background = True
+                    background = (
+                        _theme.foreground_color.hex
+                        if style.color is None
+                        else style.color.get_truecolor(_theme).hex
+                    )
+                else:
+                    bgcolor = style.bgcolor
+                    has_background = bgcolor is not None and not bgcolor.is_default
+                    background = (
+                        _theme.background_color.hex
+                        if style.bgcolor is None
+                        else style.bgcolor.get_truecolor(_theme).hex
+                    )
+
+                text_length = cell_len(text)
+                if has_background:
+                    text_backgrounds.append(
+                        make_tag(
+                            "rect",
+                            fill=background,
+                            x=x * char_width,
+                            y=y * line_height + 1.5,
+                            width=char_width * text_length,
+                            height=line_height + 0.25,
+                            shape_rendering="crispEdges",
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                if text != " " * len(text):
+                    text_group.append(
+                        make_tag(
+                            "text",
+                            escape_text(text),
+                            _class=f"{unique_id}-{class_name}",
+                            x=x * char_width,
+                            y=y * line_height + char_height,
+                            textLength=char_width * len(text),
+                            clip_path=f"url(#{unique_id}-line-{y})",
+                        )
+                    )
+                x += cell_len(text)
+
+        line_offsets = [line_no * line_height + 1.5 for line_no in range(y)]
+        lines = "\n".join(
+            f"""<clipPath id="{unique_id}-line-{line_no}">
+    {make_tag("rect", x=0, y=offset, width=char_width * width, height=line_height + 0.25)}
+            </clipPath>"""
+            for line_no, offset in enumerate(line_offsets)
+        )
+
+        styles = "\n".join(
+            f".{unique_id}-r{rule_no} {{ {css} }}" for css, rule_no in classes.items()
+        )
+        backgrounds = "".join(text_backgrounds)
+        matrix = "".join(text_group)
+
+        terminal_width = ceil(width * char_width + padding_width)
+        terminal_height = (y + 1) * line_height + padding_height
+        chrome = make_tag(
+            "rect",
+            fill=_theme.background_color.hex,
+            stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.35)",
+            stroke_width="1",
+            x=margin_left,
+            y=margin_top,
+            width=terminal_width,
+            height=terminal_height,
+            rx=8,
+        )
+
+        title_color = _theme.foreground_color.hex
+        if title:
+            chrome += make_tag(
+                "text",
+                escape_text(title),
+                _class=f"{unique_id}-title",
+                fill=title_color,
+                text_anchor="middle",
+                x=terminal_width // 2,
+                y=margin_top + char_height + 6,
+            )
+        chrome += f"""
+            <g transform="translate(26,22)">
+            <circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#ff5f57"/>
+            <circle cx="22" cy="0" r="7" fill="#febc2e"/>
+            <circle cx="44" cy="0" r="7" fill="#28c840"/>
+            </g>
+        """
+
+        svg = code_format.format(
+            unique_id=unique_id,
+            char_width=char_width,
+            char_height=char_height,
+            line_height=line_height,
+            terminal_width=char_width * width - 1,
+            terminal_height=(y + 1) * line_height - 1,
+            width=terminal_width + margin_width,
+            height=terminal_height + margin_height,
+            terminal_x=margin_left + padding_left,
+            terminal_y=margin_top + padding_top,
+            styles=styles,
+            chrome=chrome,
+            backgrounds=backgrounds,
+            matrix=matrix,
+            lines=lines,
+        )
+        return svg
+
+    def save_svg(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        title: str = "Rich",
+        theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None,
+        clear: bool = True,
+        code_format: str = CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT,
+        font_aspect_ratio: float = 0.61,
+        unique_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Generate an SVG file from the console contents (requires record=True in Console constructor).
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): The path to write the SVG to.
+            title (str, optional): The title of the tab in the output image
+            theme (TerminalTheme, optional): The ``TerminalTheme`` object to use to style the terminal
+            clear (bool, optional): Clear record buffer after exporting. Defaults to ``True``
+            code_format (str, optional): Format string used to generate the SVG. Rich will inject a number of variables
+                into the string in order to form the final SVG output. The default template used and the variables
+                injected by Rich can be found by inspecting the ``console.CONSOLE_SVG_FORMAT`` variable.
+            font_aspect_ratio (float, optional): The width to height ratio of the font used in the ``code_format``
+                string. Defaults to 0.61, which is the width to height ratio of Fira Code (the default font).
+                If you aren't specifying a different font inside ``code_format``, you probably don't need this.
+            unique_id (str, optional): unique id that is used as the prefix for various elements (CSS styles, node
+                ids). If not set, this defaults to a computed value based on the recorded content.
+        """
+        svg = self.export_svg(
+            title=title,
+            theme=theme,
+            clear=clear,
+            code_format=code_format,
+            font_aspect_ratio=font_aspect_ratio,
+            unique_id=unique_id,
+        )
+        with open(path, "wt", encoding="utf-8") as write_file:
+            write_file.write(svg)
+
+
+def _svg_hash(svg_main_code: str) -> str:
+    """Returns a unique hash for the given SVG main code.
+
+    Args:
+        svg_main_code (str): The content we're going to inject in the SVG envelope.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: a hash of the given content
+    """
+    return str(zlib.adler32(svg_main_code.encode()))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    console.log(
+        "JSONRPC [i]request[/i]",
+        5,
+        1.3,
+        True,
+        False,
+        None,
+        {
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "subtract",
+            "params": {"minuend": 42, "subtrahend": 23},
+            "id": 3,
+        },
+    )
+
+    console.log("Hello, World!", "{'a': 1}", repr(console))
+
+    console.print(
+        {
+            "name": None,
+            "empty": [],
+            "quiz": {
+                "sport": {
+                    "answered": True,
+                    "q1": {
+                        "question": "Which one is correct team name in NBA?",
+                        "options": [
+                            "New York Bulls",
+                            "Los Angeles Kings",
+                            "Golden State Warriors",
+                            "Huston Rocket",
+                        ],
+                        "answer": "Huston Rocket",
+                    },
+                },
+                "maths": {
+                    "answered": False,
+                    "q1": {
+                        "question": "5 + 7 = ?",
+                        "options": [10, 11, 12, 13],
+                        "answer": 12,
+                    },
+                    "q2": {
+                        "question": "12 - 8 = ?",
+                        "options": [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                        "answer": 4,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65fdf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/constrain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+
+class Constrain(JupyterMixin):
+    """Constrain the width of a renderable to a given number of characters.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A renderable object.
+        width (int, optional): The maximum width (in characters) to render. Defaults to 80.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, renderable: "RenderableType", width: Optional[int] = 80) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.width = width
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.width is None:
+            yield self.renderable
+        else:
+            child_options = options.update_width(min(self.width, options.max_width))
+            yield from console.render(self.renderable, child_options)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        if self.width is not None:
+            options = options.update_width(self.width)
+        measurement = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        return measurement
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e29cf36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/containers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from typing import (
+    Iterator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+    TypeVar,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderResult,
+        RenderableType,
+    )
+    from .text import Text
+
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .measure import Measurement
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Renderables:
+    """A list subclass which renders its contents to the console."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, renderables: Optional[Iterable["RenderableType"]] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self._renderables: List["RenderableType"] = (
+            list(renderables) if renderables is not None else []
+        )
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        """Console render method to insert line-breaks."""
+        yield from self._renderables
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        dimensions = [
+            Measurement.get(console, options, renderable)
+            for renderable in self._renderables
+        ]
+        if not dimensions:
+            return Measurement(1, 1)
+        _min = max(dimension.minimum for dimension in dimensions)
+        _max = max(dimension.maximum for dimension in dimensions)
+        return Measurement(_min, _max)
+
+    def append(self, renderable: "RenderableType") -> None:
+        self._renderables.append(renderable)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterable["RenderableType"]:
+        return iter(self._renderables)
+
+
+class Lines:
+    """A list subclass which can render to the console."""
+
+    def __init__(self, lines: Iterable["Text"] = ()) -> None:
+        self._lines: List["Text"] = list(lines)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Lines({self._lines!r})"
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator["Text"]:
+        return iter(self._lines)
+
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> "Text":
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __getitem__(self, index: slice) -> List["Text"]:
+        ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: Union[slice, int]) -> Union["Text", List["Text"]]:
+        return self._lines[index]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, index: int, value: "Text") -> "Lines":
+        self._lines[index] = value
+        return self
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._lines.__len__()
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        """Console render method to insert line-breaks."""
+        yield from self._lines
+
+    def append(self, line: "Text") -> None:
+        self._lines.append(line)
+
+    def extend(self, lines: Iterable["Text"]) -> None:
+        self._lines.extend(lines)
+
+    def pop(self, index: int = -1) -> "Text":
+        return self._lines.pop(index)
+
+    def justify(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        width: int,
+        justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left",
+        overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "fold",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Justify and overflow text to a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Number of characters per line.
+            justify (str, optional): Default justify method for text: "left", "center", "full" or "right". Defaults to "left".
+            overflow (str, optional): Default overflow for text: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to "fold".
+
+        """
+        from .text import Text
+
+        if justify == "left":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow, pad=True)
+        elif justify == "center":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.rstrip()
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow)
+                line.pad_left((width - cell_len(line.plain)) // 2)
+                line.pad_right(width - cell_len(line.plain))
+        elif justify == "right":
+            for line in self._lines:
+                line.rstrip()
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=overflow)
+                line.pad_left(width - cell_len(line.plain))
+        elif justify == "full":
+            for line_index, line in enumerate(self._lines):
+                if line_index == len(self._lines) - 1:
+                    break
+                words = line.split(" ")
+                words_size = sum(cell_len(word.plain) for word in words)
+                num_spaces = len(words) - 1
+                spaces = [1 for _ in range(num_spaces)]
+                index = 0
+                if spaces:
+                    while words_size + num_spaces < width:
+                        spaces[len(spaces) - index - 1] += 1
+                        num_spaces += 1
+                        index = (index + 1) % len(spaces)
+                tokens: List[Text] = []
+                for index, (word, next_word) in enumerate(
+                    zip_longest(words, words[1:])
+                ):
+                    tokens.append(word)
+                    if index < len(spaces):
+                        style = word.get_style_at_offset(console, -1)
+                        next_style = next_word.get_style_at_offset(console, 0)
+                        space_style = style if style == next_style else line.style
+                        tokens.append(Text(" " * spaces[index], style=space_style))
+                self[line_index] = Text("").join(tokens)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88fcb92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Union
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Final
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Final  # pragma: no cover
+
+from .segment import ControlCode, ControlType, Segment
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+STRIP_CONTROL_CODES: Final = [
+    7,  # Bell
+    8,  # Backspace
+    11,  # Vertical tab
+    12,  # Form feed
+    13,  # Carriage return
+]
+_CONTROL_STRIP_TRANSLATE: Final = {
+    _codepoint: None for _codepoint in STRIP_CONTROL_CODES
+}
+
+CONTROL_ESCAPE: Final = {
+    7: "\\a",
+    8: "\\b",
+    11: "\\v",
+    12: "\\f",
+    13: "\\r",
+}
+
+CONTROL_CODES_FORMAT: Dict[int, Callable[..., str]] = {
+    ControlType.BELL: lambda: "\x07",
+    ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN: lambda: "\r",
+    ControlType.HOME: lambda: "\x1b[H",
+    ControlType.CLEAR: lambda: "\x1b[2J",
+    ControlType.ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN: lambda: "\x1b[?1049h",
+    ControlType.DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN: lambda: "\x1b[?1049l",
+    ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR: lambda: "\x1b[?25h",
+    ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR: lambda: "\x1b[?25l",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_UP: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}A",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}B",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_FORWARD: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}C",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_BACKWARD: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}D",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param+1}G",
+    ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE: lambda param: f"\x1b[{param}K",
+    ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO: lambda x, y: f"\x1b[{y+1};{x+1}H",
+    ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE: lambda title: f"\x1b]0;{title}\x07",
+}
+
+
+class Control:
+    """A renderable that inserts a control code (non printable but may move cursor).
+
+    Args:
+        *codes (str): Positional arguments are either a :class:`~rich.segment.ControlType` enum or a
+            tuple of ControlType and an integer parameter
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["segment"]
+
+    def __init__(self, *codes: Union[ControlType, ControlCode]) -> None:
+        control_codes: List[ControlCode] = [
+            (code,) if isinstance(code, ControlType) else code for code in codes
+        ]
+        _format_map = CONTROL_CODES_FORMAT
+        rendered_codes = "".join(
+            _format_map[code](*parameters) for code, *parameters in control_codes
+        )
+        self.segment = Segment(rendered_codes, None, control_codes)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def bell(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Ring the 'bell'."""
+        return cls(ControlType.BELL)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def home(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor to 'home' position."""
+        return cls(ControlType.HOME)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move(cls, x: int = 0, y: int = 0) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor relative to current position.
+
+        Args:
+            x (int): X offset.
+            y (int): Y offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+
+        """
+
+        def get_codes() -> Iterable[ControlCode]:
+            control = ControlType
+            if x:
+                yield (
+                    control.CURSOR_FORWARD if x > 0 else control.CURSOR_BACKWARD,
+                    abs(x),
+                )
+            if y:
+                yield (
+                    control.CURSOR_DOWN if y > 0 else control.CURSOR_UP,
+                    abs(y),
+                )
+
+        control = cls(*get_codes())
+        return control
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_to_column(cls, x: int, y: int = 0) -> "Control":
+        """Move to the given column, optionally add offset to row.
+
+        Returns:
+            x (int): absolute x (column)
+            y (int): optional y offset (row)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+        """
+
+        return (
+            cls(
+                (ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN, x),
+                (
+                    ControlType.CURSOR_DOWN if y > 0 else ControlType.CURSOR_UP,
+                    abs(y),
+                ),
+            )
+            if y
+            else cls((ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN, x))
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move_to(cls, x: int, y: int) -> "Control":
+        """Move cursor to absolute position.
+
+        Args:
+            x (int): x offset (column)
+            y (int): y offset (row)
+
+        Returns:
+            ~Control: Control object.
+        """
+        return cls((ControlType.CURSOR_MOVE_TO, x, y))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear(cls) -> "Control":
+        """Clear the screen."""
+        return cls(ControlType.CLEAR)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def show_cursor(cls, show: bool) -> "Control":
+        """Show or hide the cursor."""
+        return cls(ControlType.SHOW_CURSOR if show else ControlType.HIDE_CURSOR)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def alt_screen(cls, enable: bool) -> "Control":
+        """Enable or disable alt screen."""
+        if enable:
+            return cls(ControlType.ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN, ControlType.HOME)
+        else:
+            return cls(ControlType.DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def title(cls, title: str) -> "Control":
+        """Set the terminal window title
+
+        Args:
+            title (str): The new terminal window title
+        """
+        return cls((ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE, title))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.segment.text
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.segment.text:
+            yield self.segment
+
+
+def strip_control_codes(
+    text: str, _translate_table: Dict[int, None] = _CONTROL_STRIP_TRANSLATE
+) -> str:
+    """Remove control codes from text.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A string possibly contain control codes.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: String with control codes removed.
+    """
+    return text.translate(_translate_table)
+
+
+def escape_control_codes(
+    text: str,
+    _translate_table: Dict[int, str] = CONTROL_ESCAPE,
+) -> str:
+    """Replace control codes with their "escaped" equivalent in the given text.
+    (e.g. "\b" becomes "\\b")
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A string possibly containing control codes.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: String with control codes replaced with their escaped version.
+    """
+    return text.translate(_translate_table)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print("Look at the title of your terminal window ^")
+    # console.print(Control((ControlType.SET_WINDOW_TITLE, "Hello, world!")))
+    for i in range(10):
+        console.set_window_title("🚀 Loading" + "." * i)
+        time.sleep(0.5)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dca3719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/default_styles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from .style import Style
+
+DEFAULT_STYLES: Dict[str, Style] = {
+    "none": Style.null(),
+    "reset": Style(
+        color="default",
+        bgcolor="default",
+        dim=False,
+        bold=False,
+        italic=False,
+        underline=False,
+        blink=False,
+        blink2=False,
+        reverse=False,
+        conceal=False,
+        strike=False,
+    ),
+    "dim": Style(dim=True),
+    "bright": Style(dim=False),
+    "bold": Style(bold=True),
+    "strong": Style(bold=True),
+    "code": Style(reverse=True, bold=True),
+    "italic": Style(italic=True),
+    "emphasize": Style(italic=True),
+    "underline": Style(underline=True),
+    "blink": Style(blink=True),
+    "blink2": Style(blink2=True),
+    "reverse": Style(reverse=True),
+    "strike": Style(strike=True),
+    "black": Style(color="black"),
+    "red": Style(color="red"),
+    "green": Style(color="green"),
+    "yellow": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "magenta": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "cyan": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "white": Style(color="white"),
+    "inspect.attr": Style(color="yellow", italic=True),
+    "inspect.attr.dunder": Style(color="yellow", italic=True, dim=True),
+    "inspect.callable": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "inspect.async_def": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.def": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.class": Style(italic=True, color="bright_cyan"),
+    "inspect.error": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "inspect.equals": Style(),
+    "inspect.help": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "inspect.doc": Style(dim=True),
+    "inspect.value.border": Style(color="green"),
+    "live.ellipsis": Style(bold=True, color="red"),
+    "layout.tree.row": Style(dim=False, color="red"),
+    "layout.tree.column": Style(dim=False, color="blue"),
+    "logging.keyword": Style(bold=True, color="yellow"),
+    "logging.level.notset": Style(dim=True),
+    "logging.level.debug": Style(color="green"),
+    "logging.level.info": Style(color="blue"),
+    "logging.level.warning": Style(color="red"),
+    "logging.level.error": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "logging.level.critical": Style(color="red", bold=True, reverse=True),
+    "log.level": Style.null(),
+    "log.time": Style(color="cyan", dim=True),
+    "log.message": Style.null(),
+    "log.path": Style(dim=True),
+    "repr.ellipsis": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "repr.indent": Style(color="green", dim=True),
+    "repr.error": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "repr.str": Style(color="green", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "repr.brace": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.comma": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.ipv4": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.ipv6": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.eui48": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.eui64": Style(bold=True, color="bright_green"),
+    "repr.tag_start": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.tag_name": Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    "repr.tag_contents": Style(color="default"),
+    "repr.tag_end": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.attrib_name": Style(color="yellow", italic=False),
+    "repr.attrib_equal": Style(bold=True),
+    "repr.attrib_value": Style(color="magenta", italic=False),
+    "repr.number": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),
+    "repr.number_complex": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),  # same
+    "repr.bool_true": Style(color="bright_green", italic=True),
+    "repr.bool_false": Style(color="bright_red", italic=True),
+    "repr.none": Style(color="magenta", italic=True),
+    "repr.url": Style(underline=True, color="bright_blue", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "repr.uuid": Style(color="bright_yellow", bold=False),
+    "repr.call": Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    "repr.path": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "repr.filename": Style(color="bright_magenta"),
+    "rule.line": Style(color="bright_green"),
+    "rule.text": Style.null(),
+    "json.brace": Style(bold=True),
+    "json.bool_true": Style(color="bright_green", italic=True),
+    "json.bool_false": Style(color="bright_red", italic=True),
+    "json.null": Style(color="magenta", italic=True),
+    "json.number": Style(color="cyan", bold=True, italic=False),
+    "json.str": Style(color="green", italic=False, bold=False),
+    "json.key": Style(color="blue", bold=True),
+    "prompt": Style.null(),
+    "prompt.choices": Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    "prompt.default": Style(color="cyan", bold=True),
+    "prompt.invalid": Style(color="red"),
+    "prompt.invalid.choice": Style(color="red"),
+    "pretty": Style.null(),
+    "scope.border": Style(color="blue"),
+    "scope.key": Style(color="yellow", italic=True),
+    "scope.key.special": Style(color="yellow", italic=True, dim=True),
+    "scope.equals": Style(color="red"),
+    "table.header": Style(bold=True),
+    "table.footer": Style(bold=True),
+    "table.cell": Style.null(),
+    "table.title": Style(italic=True),
+    "table.caption": Style(italic=True, dim=True),
+    "traceback.error": Style(color="red", italic=True),
+    "traceback.border.syntax_error": Style(color="bright_red"),
+    "traceback.border": Style(color="red"),
+    "traceback.text": Style.null(),
+    "traceback.title": Style(color="red", bold=True),
+    "traceback.exc_type": Style(color="bright_red", bold=True),
+    "traceback.exc_value": Style.null(),
+    "traceback.offset": Style(color="bright_red", bold=True),
+    "bar.back": Style(color="grey23"),
+    "bar.complete": Style(color="rgb(249,38,114)"),
+    "bar.finished": Style(color="rgb(114,156,31)"),
+    "bar.pulse": Style(color="rgb(249,38,114)"),
+    "progress.description": Style.null(),
+    "progress.filesize": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.filesize.total": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.download": Style(color="green"),
+    "progress.elapsed": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "progress.percentage": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "progress.remaining": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "progress.data.speed": Style(color="red"),
+    "progress.spinner": Style(color="green"),
+    "status.spinner": Style(color="green"),
+    "tree": Style(),
+    "tree.line": Style(),
+    "markdown.paragraph": Style(),
+    "markdown.text": Style(),
+    "markdown.em": Style(italic=True),
+    "markdown.emph": Style(italic=True),  # For commonmark backwards compatibility
+    "markdown.strong": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.code": Style(bold=True, color="cyan", bgcolor="black"),
+    "markdown.code_block": Style(color="cyan", bgcolor="black"),
+    "markdown.block_quote": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "markdown.list": Style(color="cyan"),
+    "markdown.item": Style(),
+    "markdown.item.bullet": Style(color="yellow", bold=True),
+    "markdown.item.number": Style(color="yellow", bold=True),
+    "markdown.hr": Style(color="yellow"),
+    "markdown.h1.border": Style(),
+    "markdown.h1": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.h2": Style(bold=True, underline=True),
+    "markdown.h3": Style(bold=True),
+    "markdown.h4": Style(bold=True, dim=True),
+    "markdown.h5": Style(underline=True),
+    "markdown.h6": Style(italic=True),
+    "markdown.h7": Style(italic=True, dim=True),
+    "markdown.link": Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    "markdown.link_url": Style(color="blue", underline=True),
+    "markdown.s": Style(strike=True),
+    "iso8601.date": Style(color="blue"),
+    "iso8601.time": Style(color="magenta"),
+    "iso8601.timezone": Style(color="yellow"),
+}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import argparse
+    import io
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--html", action="store_true", help="Export as HTML table")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    html: bool = args.html
+    console = Console(record=True, width=70, file=io.StringIO()) if html else Console()
+
+    table = Table("Name", "Styling")
+
+    for style_name, style in DEFAULT_STYLES.items():
+        table.add_row(Text(style_name, style=style), str(style))
+
+    console.print(table)
+    if html:
+        print(console.export_html(inline_styles=True))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad36183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/diagnose.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import os
+import platform
+
+from pip._vendor.rich import inspect
+from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, get_windows_console_features
+from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import Pretty
+
+
+def report() -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Print a report to the terminal with debugging information"""
+    console = Console()
+    inspect(console)
+    features = get_windows_console_features()
+    inspect(features)
+
+    env_names = (
+        "TERM",
+        "COLORTERM",
+        "CLICOLOR",
+        "NO_COLOR",
+        "TERM_PROGRAM",
+        "COLUMNS",
+        "LINES",
+        "JUPYTER_COLUMNS",
+        "JUPYTER_LINES",
+        "JPY_PARENT_PID",
+        "VSCODE_VERBOSE_LOGGING",
+    )
+    env = {name: os.getenv(name) for name in env_names}
+    console.print(Panel.fit((Pretty(env)), title="[b]Environment Variables"))
+
+    console.print(f'platform="{platform.system()}"')
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    report()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..791f046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/emoji.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
+
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style
+from ._emoji_codes import EMOJI
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+
+EmojiVariant = Literal["emoji", "text"]
+
+
+class NoEmoji(Exception):
+    """No emoji by that name."""
+
+
+class Emoji(JupyterMixin):
+    __slots__ = ["name", "style", "_char", "variant"]
+
+    VARIANTS = {"text": "\uFE0E", "emoji": "\uFE0F"}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "none",
+        variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A single emoji character.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of emoji.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Optional style. Defaults to None.
+
+        Raises:
+            NoEmoji: If the emoji doesn't exist.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.style = style
+        self.variant = variant
+        try:
+            self._char = EMOJI[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoEmoji(f"No emoji called {name!r}")
+        if variant is not None:
+            self._char += self.VARIANTS.get(variant, "")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def replace(cls, text: str) -> str:
+        """Replace emoji markup with corresponding unicode characters.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string with emojis codes, e.g. "Hello :smiley:!"
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string with emoji codes replaces with actual emoji.
+        """
+        return _emoji_replace(text)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<emoji {self.name!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._char
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        yield Segment(self._char, console.get_style(self.style))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sys
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.columns import Columns
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    columns = Columns(
+        (f":{name}: {name}" for name in sorted(EMOJI.keys()) if "\u200D" not in name),
+        column_first=True,
+    )
+
+    console.print(columns)
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
+        console.save_html(sys.argv[1])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bcbe53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class ConsoleError(Exception):
+    """An error in console operation."""
+
+
+class StyleError(Exception):
+    """An error in styles."""
+
+
+class StyleSyntaxError(ConsoleError):
+    """Style was badly formatted."""
+
+
+class MissingStyle(StyleError):
+    """No such style."""
+
+
+class StyleStackError(ConsoleError):
+    """Style stack is invalid."""
+
+
+class NotRenderableError(ConsoleError):
+    """Object is not renderable."""
+
+
+class MarkupError(ConsoleError):
+    """Markup was badly formatted."""
+
+
+class LiveError(ConsoleError):
+    """Error related to Live display."""
+
+
+class NoAltScreen(ConsoleError):
+    """Alt screen mode was required."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b0b0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/file_proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import io
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List
+
+from .ansi import AnsiDecoder
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console
+
+
+class FileProxy(io.TextIOBase):
+    """Wraps a file (e.g. sys.stdout) and redirects writes to a console."""
+
+    def __init__(self, console: "Console", file: IO[str]) -> None:
+        self.__console = console
+        self.__file = file
+        self.__buffer: List[str] = []
+        self.__ansi_decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+
+    @property
+    def rich_proxied_file(self) -> IO[str]:
+        """Get proxied file."""
+        return self.__file
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.__file, name)
+
+    def write(self, text: str) -> int:
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            raise TypeError(f"write() argument must be str, not {type(text).__name__}")
+        buffer = self.__buffer
+        lines: List[str] = []
+        while text:
+            line, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+            if new_line:
+                lines.append("".join(buffer) + line)
+                buffer.clear()
+            else:
+                buffer.append(line)
+                break
+        if lines:
+            console = self.__console
+            with console:
+                output = Text("\n").join(
+                    self.__ansi_decoder.decode_line(line) for line in lines
+                )
+                console.print(output)
+        return len(text)
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        output = "".join(self.__buffer)
+        if output:
+            self.__console.print(output)
+        del self.__buffer[:]
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return self.__file.fileno()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99f118e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/filesize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Functions for reporting filesizes. Borrowed from https://github.com/PyFilesystem/pyfilesystem2
+
+The functions declared in this module should cover the different
+use cases needed to generate a string representation of a file size
+using several different units. Since there are many standards regarding
+file size units, three different functions have been implemented.
+
+See Also:
+    * `Wikipedia: Binary prefix <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix>`_
+
+"""
+
+__all__ = ["decimal"]
+
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+
+def _to_str(
+    size: int,
+    suffixes: Iterable[str],
+    base: int,
+    *,
+    precision: Optional[int] = 1,
+    separator: Optional[str] = " ",
+) -> str:
+    if size == 1:
+        return "1 byte"
+    elif size < base:
+        return "{:,} bytes".format(size)
+
+    for i, suffix in enumerate(suffixes, 2):  # noqa: B007
+        unit = base**i
+        if size < unit:
+            break
+    return "{:,.{precision}f}{separator}{}".format(
+        (base * size / unit),
+        suffix,
+        precision=precision,
+        separator=separator,
+    )
+
+
+def pick_unit_and_suffix(size: int, suffixes: List[str], base: int) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+    """Pick a suffix and base for the given size."""
+    for i, suffix in enumerate(suffixes):
+        unit = base**i
+        if size < unit * base:
+            break
+    return unit, suffix
+
+
+def decimal(
+    size: int,
+    *,
+    precision: Optional[int] = 1,
+    separator: Optional[str] = " ",
+) -> str:
+    """Convert a filesize in to a string (powers of 1000, SI prefixes).
+
+    In this convention, ``1000 B = 1 kB``.
+
+    This is typically the format used to advertise the storage
+    capacity of USB flash drives and the like (*256 MB* meaning
+    actually a storage capacity of more than *256 000 000 B*),
+    or used by **Mac OS X** since v10.6 to report file sizes.
+
+    Arguments:
+        int (size): A file size.
+        int (precision): The number of decimal places to include (default = 1).
+        str (separator): The string to separate the value from the units (default = " ").
+
+    Returns:
+        `str`: A string containing a abbreviated file size and units.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> filesize.decimal(30000)
+        '30.0 kB'
+        >>> filesize.decimal(30000, precision=2, separator="")
+        '30.00kB'
+
+    """
+    return _to_str(
+        size,
+        ("kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"),
+        1000,
+        precision=precision,
+        separator=separator,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c264679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/highlighter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import re
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import List, Union
+
+from .text import Span, Text
+
+
+def _combine_regex(*regexes: str) -> str:
+    """Combine a number of regexes in to a single regex.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: New regex with all regexes ORed together.
+    """
+    return "|".join(regexes)
+
+
+class Highlighter(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for highlighters."""
+
+    def __call__(self, text: Union[str, Text]) -> Text:
+        """Highlight a str or Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Union[str, ~Text]): Text to highlight.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If not called with text or str.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A test instance with highlighting applied.
+        """
+        if isinstance(text, str):
+            highlight_text = Text(text)
+        elif isinstance(text, Text):
+            highlight_text = text.copy()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"str or Text instance required, not {text!r}")
+        self.highlight(highlight_text)
+        return highlight_text
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Apply highlighting in place to text.
+
+        Args:
+            text (~Text): A text object highlight.
+        """
+
+
+class NullHighlighter(Highlighter):
+    """A highlighter object that doesn't highlight.
+
+    May be used to disable highlighting entirely.
+
+    """
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Nothing to do"""
+
+
+class RegexHighlighter(Highlighter):
+    """Applies highlighting from a list of regular expressions."""
+
+    highlights: List[str] = []
+    base_style: str = ""
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """Highlight :class:`rich.text.Text` using regular expressions.
+
+        Args:
+            text (~Text): Text to highlighted.
+
+        """
+
+        highlight_regex = text.highlight_regex
+        for re_highlight in self.highlights:
+            highlight_regex(re_highlight, style_prefix=self.base_style)
+
+
+class ReprHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights the text typically produced from ``__repr__`` methods."""
+
+    base_style = "repr."
+    highlights = [
+        r"(?P<tag_start><)(?P<tag_name>[-\w.:|]*)(?P<tag_contents>[\w\W]*)(?P<tag_end>>)",
+        r'(?P<attrib_name>[\w_]{1,50})=(?P<attrib_value>"?[\w_]+"?)?',
+        r"(?P<brace>[][{}()])",
+        _combine_regex(
+            r"(?P<ipv4>[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})",
+            r"(?P<ipv6>([A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4}::?){1,7}[A-Fa-f0-9]{1,4})",
+            r"(?P<eui64>(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}-){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}:){7}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{4})",
+            r"(?P<eui48>(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}-){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}:){5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}|(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}\.){2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{4})",
+            r"(?P<uuid>[a-fA-F0-9]{8}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{4}-[a-fA-F0-9]{12})",
+            r"(?P<call>[\w.]*?)\(",
+            r"\b(?P<bool_true>True)\b|\b(?P<bool_false>False)\b|\b(?P<none>None)\b",
+            r"(?P<ellipsis>\.\.\.)",
+            r"(?P<number_complex>(?<!\w)(?:\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(?:e[-+]?\d+?)?)(?:[-+](?:[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(?:e[-+]?\d+)?))?j)",
+            r"(?P<number>(?<!\w)\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(e[-+]?\d+?)?\b|0x[0-9a-fA-F]*)",
+            r"(?P<path>\B(/[-\w._+]+)*\/)(?P<filename>[-\w._+]*)?",
+            r"(?<![\\\w])(?P<str>b?'''.*?(?<!\\)'''|b?'.*?(?<!\\)'|b?\"\"\".*?(?<!\\)\"\"\"|b?\".*?(?<!\\)\")",
+            r"(?P<url>(file|https|http|ws|wss)://[-0-9a-zA-Z$_+!`(),.?/;:&=%#]*)",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+class JSONHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights JSON"""
+
+    # Captures the start and end of JSON strings, handling escaped quotes
+    JSON_STR = r"(?<![\\\w])(?P<str>b?\".*?(?<!\\)\")"
+    JSON_WHITESPACE = {" ", "\n", "\r", "\t"}
+
+    base_style = "json."
+    highlights = [
+        _combine_regex(
+            r"(?P<brace>[\{\[\(\)\]\}])",
+            r"\b(?P<bool_true>true)\b|\b(?P<bool_false>false)\b|\b(?P<null>null)\b",
+            r"(?P<number>(?<!\w)\-?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*(e[\-\+]?\d+?)?\b|0x[0-9a-fA-F]*)",
+            JSON_STR,
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    def highlight(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        super().highlight(text)
+
+        # Additional work to handle highlighting JSON keys
+        plain = text.plain
+        append = text.spans.append
+        whitespace = self.JSON_WHITESPACE
+        for match in re.finditer(self.JSON_STR, plain):
+            start, end = match.span()
+            cursor = end
+            while cursor < len(plain):
+                char = plain[cursor]
+                cursor += 1
+                if char == ":":
+                    append(Span(start, end, "json.key"))
+                elif char in whitespace:
+                    continue
+                break
+
+
+class ISO8601Highlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    """Highlights the ISO8601 date time strings.
+    Regex reference: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/regular-expressions-cookbook/9781449327453/ch04s07.html
+    """
+
+    base_style = "iso8601."
+    highlights = [
+        #
+        # Dates
+        #
+        # Calendar month (e.g. 2008-08). The hyphen is required
+        r"^(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])$",
+        # Calendar date w/o hyphens (e.g. 20080830)
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))$",
+        # Ordinal date (e.g. 2008-243). The hyphen is optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?(?P<day>36[0-6]|3[0-5][0-9]|[12][0-9]{2}|0[1-9][0-9]|00[1-9]))$",
+        #
+        # Weeks
+        #
+        # Week of the year (e.g., 2008-W35). The hyphen is optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?W(?P<week>5[0-3]|[1-4][0-9]|0[1-9]))$",
+        # Week date (e.g., 2008-W35-6). The hyphens are optional
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})-?W(?P<week>5[0-3]|[1-4][0-9]|0[1-9])-?(?P<day>[1-7]))$",
+        #
+        # Times
+        #
+        # Hours and minutes (e.g., 17:21). The colon is optional
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):?(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        # Hours, minutes, and seconds w/o colons (e.g., 172159)
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        # Time zone designator (e.g., Z, +07 or +07:00). The colons and the minutes are optional
+        r"^(?P<timezone>(Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?::?(?:[0-5][0-9]))?))$",
+        # Hours, minutes, and seconds with time zone designator (e.g., 17:21:59+07:00).
+        # All the colons are optional. The minutes in the time zone designator are also optional
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?::?(?:[0-5][0-9]))?)$",
+        #
+        # Date and Time
+        #
+        # Calendar date with hours, minutes, and seconds (e.g., 2008-08-30 17:21:59 or 20080830 172159).
+        # A space is required between the date and the time. The hyphens and colons are optional.
+        # This regex matches dates and times that specify some hyphens or colons but omit others.
+        # This does not follow ISO 8601
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>[0-9]{4})(?P<hyphen>-)?(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])(?(hyphen)-)(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9])) (?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9])(?(hyphen):)(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9])(?(hyphen):)(?P<second>[0-5][0-9]))$",
+        #
+        # XML Schema dates and times
+        #
+        # Date, with optional time zone (e.g., 2008-08-30 or 2008-08-30+07:00).
+        # Hyphens are required. This is the XML Schema 'date' type
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*)?[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+        # Time, with optional fractional seconds and time zone (e.g., 01:45:36 or 01:45:36.123+07:00).
+        # There is no limit on the number of digits for the fractional seconds. This is the XML Schema 'time' type
+        r"^(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]):(?P<second>[0-5][0-9])(?P<frac>\.[0-9]+)?)(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+        # Date and time, with optional fractional seconds and time zone (e.g., 2008-08-30T01:45:36 or 2008-08-30T01:45:36.123Z).
+        # This is the XML Schema 'dateTime' type
+        r"^(?P<date>(?P<year>-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*)?[0-9]{4})-(?P<month>1[0-2]|0[1-9])-(?P<day>3[01]|0[1-9]|[12][0-9]))T(?P<time>(?P<hour>2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):(?P<minute>[0-5][0-9]):(?P<second>[0-5][0-9])(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?)(?P<timezone>Z|[+-](?:2[0-3]|[01][0-9]):[0-5][0-9])?$",
+    ]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print("[bold green]hello world![/bold green]")
+    console.print("'[bold green]hello world![/bold green]'")
+
+    console.print(" /foo")
+    console.print("/foo/")
+    console.print("/foo/bar")
+    console.print("foo/bar/baz")
+
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz?foo=bar+egg&egg=baz")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg.py")
+    console.print("/foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print(" /foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print("foo /foo/bar/baz/egg.py word")
+    console.print("foo /foo/bar/ba._++z/egg+.py word")
+    console.print("https://example.org?foo=bar#header")
+
+    console.print(1234567.34)
+    console.print(1 / 2)
+    console.print(-1 / 123123123123)
+
+    console.print(
+        "127.0.1.1 bar 192.168.1.4 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 foo"
+    )
+    import json
+
+    console.print_json(json.dumps(obj={"name": "apple", "count": 1}), indent=None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea94493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from json import loads, dumps
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+from .text import Text
+from .highlighter import JSONHighlighter, NullHighlighter
+
+
+class JSON:
+    """A renderable which pretty prints JSON.
+
+    Args:
+        json (str): JSON encoded data.
+        indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of characters to indent by. Defaults to 2.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting. Defaults to True.
+        skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+        ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+        check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+        allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+        default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+            in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        json: str,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        data = loads(json)
+        json = dumps(
+            data,
+            indent=indent,
+            skipkeys=skip_keys,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            check_circular=check_circular,
+            allow_nan=allow_nan,
+            default=default,
+            sort_keys=sort_keys,
+        )
+        highlighter = JSONHighlighter() if highlight else NullHighlighter()
+        self.text = highlighter(json)
+        self.text.no_wrap = True
+        self.text.overflow = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_data(
+        cls,
+        data: Any,
+        indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2,
+        highlight: bool = True,
+        skip_keys: bool = False,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        check_circular: bool = True,
+        allow_nan: bool = True,
+        default: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        sort_keys: bool = False,
+    ) -> "JSON":
+        """Encodes a JSON object from arbitrary data.
+
+        Args:
+            data (Any): An object that may be encoded in to JSON
+            indent (Union[None, int, str], optional): Number of characters to indent by. Defaults to 2.
+            highlight (bool, optional): Enable highlighting. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): Optional callable which will be called for objects that cannot be serialized. Defaults to None.
+            skip_keys (bool, optional): Skip keys not of a basic type. Defaults to False.
+            ensure_ascii (bool, optional): Escape all non-ascii characters. Defaults to False.
+            check_circular (bool, optional): Check for circular references. Defaults to True.
+            allow_nan (bool, optional): Allow NaN and Infinity values. Defaults to True.
+            default (Callable, optional): A callable that converts values that can not be encoded
+                in to something that can be JSON encoded. Defaults to None.
+            sort_keys (bool, optional): Sort dictionary keys. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            JSON: New JSON object from the given data.
+        """
+        json_instance: "JSON" = cls.__new__(cls)
+        json = dumps(
+            data,
+            indent=indent,
+            skipkeys=skip_keys,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            check_circular=check_circular,
+            allow_nan=allow_nan,
+            default=default,
+            sort_keys=sort_keys,
+        )
+        highlighter = JSONHighlighter() if highlight else NullHighlighter()
+        json_instance.text = highlighter(json)
+        json_instance.text.no_wrap = True
+        json_instance.text.overflow = None
+        return json_instance
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> Text:
+        return self.text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    import argparse
+    import sys
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pretty print json")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "path",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="path to file, or - for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--indent",
+        metavar="SPACES",
+        type=int,
+        help="Number of spaces in an indent",
+        default=2,
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    error_console = Console(stderr=True)
+
+    try:
+        if args.path == "-":
+            json_data = sys.stdin.read()
+        else:
+            json_data = Path(args.path).read_text()
+    except Exception as error:
+        error_console.print(f"Unable to read {args.path!r}; {error}")
+        sys.exit(-1)
+
+    console.print(JSON(json_data, indent=args.indent), soft_wrap=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f4d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/jupyter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Sequence
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+from . import get_console
+from .segment import Segment
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT = """\
+<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">{code}</pre>
+"""
+
+
+class JupyterRenderable:
+    """A shim to write html to Jupyter notebook."""
+
+    def __init__(self, html: str, text: str) -> None:
+        self.html = html
+        self.text = text
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(
+        self, include: Sequence[str], exclude: Sequence[str], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        data = {"text/plain": self.text, "text/html": self.html}
+        if include:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
+        if exclude:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
+        return data
+
+
+class JupyterMixin:
+    """Add to an Rich renderable to make it render in Jupyter notebook."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def _repr_mimebundle_(
+        self: "ConsoleRenderable",
+        include: Sequence[str],
+        exclude: Sequence[str],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        console = get_console()
+        segments = list(console.render(self, console.options))
+        html = _render_segments(segments)
+        text = console._render_buffer(segments)
+        data = {"text/plain": text, "text/html": html}
+        if include:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
+        if exclude:
+            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
+        return data
+
+
+def _render_segments(segments: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
+    def escape(text: str) -> str:
+        """Escape html."""
+        return text.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")
+
+    fragments: List[str] = []
+    append_fragment = fragments.append
+    theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+    for text, style, control in Segment.simplify(segments):
+        if control:
+            continue
+        text = escape(text)
+        if style:
+            rule = style.get_html_style(theme)
+            text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
+            if style.link:
+                text = f'<a href="{style.link}" target="_blank">{text}</a>'
+        append_fragment(text)
+
+    code = "".join(fragments)
+    html = JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT.format(code=code)
+
+    return html
+
+
+def display(segments: Iterable[Segment], text: str) -> None:
+    """Render segments to Jupyter."""
+    html = _render_segments(segments)
+    jupyter_renderable = JupyterRenderable(html, text)
+    try:
+        from IPython.display import display as ipython_display
+
+        ipython_display(jupyter_renderable)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:
+        # Handle the case where the Console has force_jupyter=True,
+        # but IPython is not installed.
+        pass
+
+
+def print(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Proxy for Console print."""
+    console = get_console()
+    return console.print(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..849356e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/layout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from itertools import islice
+from operator import itemgetter
+from threading import RLock
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._ratio import ratio_resolve
+from .align import Align
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .region import Region
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree
+
+
+class LayoutRender(NamedTuple):
+    """An individual layout render."""
+
+    region: Region
+    render: List[List[Segment]]
+
+
+RegionMap = Dict["Layout", Region]
+RenderMap = Dict["Layout", LayoutRender]
+
+
+class LayoutError(Exception):
+    """Layout related error."""
+
+
+class NoSplitter(LayoutError):
+    """Requested splitter does not exist."""
+
+
+class _Placeholder:
+    """An internal renderable used as a Layout placeholder."""
+
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+
+    def __init__(self, layout: "Layout", style: StyleType = "") -> None:
+        self.layout = layout
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = options.max_width
+        height = options.height or options.size.height
+        layout = self.layout
+        title = (
+            f"{layout.name!r} ({width} x {height})"
+            if layout.name
+            else f"({width} x {height})"
+        )
+        yield Panel(
+            Align.center(Pretty(layout), vertical="middle"),
+            style=self.style,
+            title=self.highlighter(title),
+            border_style="blue",
+            height=height,
+        )
+
+
+class Splitter(ABC):
+    """Base class for a splitter."""
+
+    name: str = ""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        """Get the icon (emoji) used in layout.tree"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        """Divide a region amongst several child layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            children (Sequence(Layout)): A number of child layouts.
+            region (Region): A rectangular region to divide.
+        """
+
+
+class RowSplitter(Splitter):
+    """Split a layout region in to rows."""
+
+    name = "row"
+
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        return "[layout.tree.row]⬌"
+
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        x, y, width, height = region
+        render_widths = ratio_resolve(width, children)
+        offset = 0
+        _Region = Region
+        for child, child_width in zip(children, render_widths):
+            yield child, _Region(x + offset, y, child_width, height)
+            offset += child_width
+
+
+class ColumnSplitter(Splitter):
+    """Split a layout region in to columns."""
+
+    name = "column"
+
+    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
+        return "[layout.tree.column]⬍"
+
+    def divide(
+        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
+        x, y, width, height = region
+        render_heights = ratio_resolve(height, children)
+        offset = 0
+        _Region = Region
+        for child, child_height in zip(children, render_heights):
+            yield child, _Region(x, y + offset, width, child_height)
+            offset += child_height
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Layout:
+    """A renderable to divide a fixed height in to rows or columns.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Renderable content, or None for placeholder. Defaults to None.
+        name (str, optional): Optional identifier for Layout. Defaults to None.
+        size (int, optional): Optional fixed size of layout. Defaults to None.
+        minimum_size (int, optional): Minimum size of layout. Defaults to 1.
+        ratio (int, optional): Optional ratio for flexible layout. Defaults to 1.
+        visible (bool, optional): Visibility of layout. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    splitters = {"row": RowSplitter, "column": ColumnSplitter}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        size: Optional[int] = None,
+        minimum_size: int = 1,
+        ratio: int = 1,
+        visible: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._renderable = renderable or _Placeholder(self)
+        self.size = size
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.ratio = ratio
+        self.name = name
+        self.visible = visible
+        self.splitter: Splitter = self.splitters["column"]()
+        self._children: List[Layout] = []
+        self._render_map: RenderMap = {}
+        self._lock = RLock()
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield "name", self.name, None
+        yield "size", self.size, None
+        yield "minimum_size", self.minimum_size, 1
+        yield "ratio", self.ratio, 1
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Layout renderable."""
+        return self if self._children else self._renderable
+
+    @property
+    def children(self) -> List["Layout"]:
+        """Gets (visible) layout children."""
+        return [child for child in self._children if child.visible]
+
+    @property
+    def map(self) -> RenderMap:
+        """Get a map of the last render."""
+        return self._render_map
+
+    def get(self, name: str) -> Optional["Layout"]:
+        """Get a named layout, or None if it doesn't exist.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of layout.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Layout]: Layout instance or None if no layout was found.
+        """
+        if self.name == name:
+            return self
+        else:
+            for child in self._children:
+                named_layout = child.get(name)
+                if named_layout is not None:
+                    return named_layout
+        return None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> "Layout":
+        layout = self.get(name)
+        if layout is None:
+            raise KeyError(f"No layout with name {name!r}")
+        return layout
+
+    @property
+    def tree(self) -> "Tree":
+        """Get a tree renderable to show layout structure."""
+        from pip._vendor.rich.styled import Styled
+        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+        from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree
+
+        def summary(layout: "Layout") -> Table:
+
+            icon = layout.splitter.get_tree_icon()
+
+            table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1, 0, 0))
+
+            text: RenderableType = (
+                Pretty(layout) if layout.visible else Styled(Pretty(layout), "dim")
+            )
+            table.add_row(icon, text)
+            _summary = table
+            return _summary
+
+        layout = self
+        tree = Tree(
+            summary(layout),
+            guide_style=f"layout.tree.{layout.splitter.name}",
+            highlight=True,
+        )
+
+        def recurse(tree: "Tree", layout: "Layout") -> None:
+            for child in layout._children:
+                recurse(
+                    tree.add(
+                        summary(child),
+                        guide_style=f"layout.tree.{child.splitter.name}",
+                    ),
+                    child,
+                )
+
+        recurse(tree, self)
+        return tree
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType],
+        splitter: Union[Splitter, str] = "column",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to multiple sub-layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+            splitter (Union[Splitter, str]): Splitter instance or name of splitter.
+        """
+        _layouts = [
+            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
+            for layout in layouts
+        ]
+        try:
+            self.splitter = (
+                splitter
+                if isinstance(splitter, Splitter)
+                else self.splitters[splitter]()
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NoSplitter(f"No splitter called {splitter!r}")
+        self._children[:] = _layouts
+
+    def add_split(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Add a new layout(s) to existing split.
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Union[Layout, RenderableType]): Positional arguments should be renderables or (sub) Layout instances.
+
+        """
+        _layouts = (
+            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
+            for layout in layouts
+        )
+        self._children.extend(_layouts)
+
+    def split_row(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to a row (layouts side by side).
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+        """
+        self.split(*layouts, splitter="row")
+
+    def split_column(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
+        """Split the layout in to a column (layouts stacked on top of each other).
+
+        Args:
+            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
+        """
+        self.split(*layouts, splitter="column")
+
+    def unsplit(self) -> None:
+        """Reset splits to initial state."""
+        del self._children[:]
+
+    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Update renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable object.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self._renderable = renderable
+
+    def refresh_screen(self, console: "Console", layout_name: str) -> None:
+        """Refresh a sub-layout.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance where Layout is to be rendered.
+            layout_name (str): Name of layout.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            layout = self[layout_name]
+            region, _lines = self._render_map[layout]
+            (x, y, width, height) = region
+            lines = console.render_lines(
+                layout, console.options.update_dimensions(width, height)
+            )
+            self._render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
+            console.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)
+
+    def _make_region_map(self, width: int, height: int) -> RegionMap:
+        """Create a dict that maps layout on to Region."""
+        stack: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = [(self, Region(0, 0, width, height))]
+        push = stack.append
+        pop = stack.pop
+        layout_regions: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = []
+        append_layout_region = layout_regions.append
+        while stack:
+            append_layout_region(pop())
+            layout, region = layout_regions[-1]
+            children = layout.children
+            if children:
+                for child_and_region in layout.splitter.divide(children, region):
+                    push(child_and_region)
+
+        region_map = {
+            layout: region
+            for layout, region in sorted(layout_regions, key=itemgetter(1))
+        }
+        return region_map
+
+    def render(self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions) -> RenderMap:
+        """Render the sub_layouts.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderMap: A dict that maps Layout on to a tuple of Region, lines
+        """
+        render_width = options.max_width
+        render_height = options.height or console.height
+        region_map = self._make_region_map(render_width, render_height)
+        layout_regions = [
+            (layout, region)
+            for layout, region in region_map.items()
+            if not layout.children
+        ]
+        render_map: Dict["Layout", "LayoutRender"] = {}
+        render_lines = console.render_lines
+        update_dimensions = options.update_dimensions
+
+        for layout, region in layout_regions:
+            lines = render_lines(
+                layout.renderable, update_dimensions(region.width, region.height)
+            )
+            render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
+        return render_map
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        with self._lock:
+            width = options.max_width or console.width
+            height = options.height or console.height
+            render_map = self.render(console, options.update_dimensions(width, height))
+            self._render_map = render_map
+            layout_lines: List[List[Segment]] = [[] for _ in range(height)]
+            _islice = islice
+            for (region, lines) in render_map.values():
+                _x, y, _layout_width, layout_height = region
+                for row, line in zip(
+                    _islice(layout_lines, y, y + layout_height), lines
+                ):
+                    row.extend(line)
+
+            new_line = Segment.line()
+            for layout_row in layout_lines:
+                yield from layout_row
+                yield new_line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    layout = Layout()
+
+    layout.split_column(
+        Layout(name="header", size=3),
+        Layout(ratio=1, name="main"),
+        Layout(size=10, name="footer"),
+    )
+
+    layout["main"].split_row(Layout(name="side"), Layout(name="body", ratio=2))
+
+    layout["body"].split_row(Layout(name="content", ratio=2), Layout(name="s2"))
+
+    layout["s2"].split_column(
+        Layout(name="top"), Layout(name="middle"), Layout(name="bottom")
+    )
+
+    layout["side"].split_column(Layout(layout.tree, name="left1"), Layout(name="left2"))
+
+    layout["content"].update("foo")
+
+    console.print(layout)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ebbbc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import sys
+from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, List, Optional, TextIO, Type, cast
+
+from . import get_console
+from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable, RenderableType, RenderHook
+from .control import Control
+from .file_proxy import FileProxy
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live_render import LiveRender, VerticalOverflowMethod
+from .screen import Screen
+from .text import Text
+
+
+class _RefreshThread(Thread):
+    """A thread that calls refresh() at regular intervals."""
+
+    def __init__(self, live: "Live", refresh_per_second: float) -> None:
+        self.live = live
+        self.refresh_per_second = refresh_per_second
+        self.done = Event()
+        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        self.done.set()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        while not self.done.wait(1 / self.refresh_per_second):
+            with self.live._lock:
+                if not self.done.is_set():
+                    self.live.refresh()
+
+
+class Live(JupyterMixin, RenderHook):
+    """Renders an auto-updating live display of any given renderable.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): The renderable to live display. Defaults to displaying nothing.
+        console (Console, optional): Optional Console instance. Default will an internal Console instance writing to stdout.
+        screen (bool, optional): Enable alternate screen mode. Defaults to False.
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Enable auto refresh. If disabled, you will need to call `refresh()` or `update()` with refresh flag. Defaults to True
+        refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of times per second to refresh the live display. Defaults to 4.
+        transient (bool, optional): Clear the renderable on exit (has no effect when screen=True). Defaults to False.
+        redirect_stdout (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stdout, so ``print`` may be used. Defaults to True.
+        redirect_stderr (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stderr. Defaults to True.
+        vertical_overflow (VerticalOverflowMethod, optional): How to handle renderable when it is too tall for the console. Defaults to "ellipsis".
+        get_renderable (Callable[[], RenderableType], optional): Optional callable to get renderable. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        screen: bool = False,
+        auto_refresh: bool = True,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 4,
+        transient: bool = False,
+        redirect_stdout: bool = True,
+        redirect_stderr: bool = True,
+        vertical_overflow: VerticalOverflowMethod = "ellipsis",
+        get_renderable: Optional[Callable[[], RenderableType]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert refresh_per_second > 0, "refresh_per_second must be > 0"
+        self._renderable = renderable
+        self.console = console if console is not None else get_console()
+        self._screen = screen
+        self._alt_screen = False
+
+        self._redirect_stdout = redirect_stdout
+        self._redirect_stderr = redirect_stderr
+        self._restore_stdout: Optional[IO[str]] = None
+        self._restore_stderr: Optional[IO[str]] = None
+
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.ipy_widget: Optional[Any] = None
+        self.auto_refresh = auto_refresh
+        self._started: bool = False
+        self.transient = True if screen else transient
+
+        self._refresh_thread: Optional[_RefreshThread] = None
+        self.refresh_per_second = refresh_per_second
+
+        self.vertical_overflow = vertical_overflow
+        self._get_renderable = get_renderable
+        self._live_render = LiveRender(
+            self.get_renderable(), vertical_overflow=vertical_overflow
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def is_started(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if live display has been started."""
+        return self._started
+
+    def get_renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        renderable = (
+            self._get_renderable()
+            if self._get_renderable is not None
+            else self._renderable
+        )
+        return renderable or ""
+
+    def start(self, refresh: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Start live rendering display.
+
+        Args:
+            refresh (bool, optional): Also refresh. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._started:
+                return
+            self.console.set_live(self)
+            self._started = True
+            if self._screen:
+                self._alt_screen = self.console.set_alt_screen(True)
+            self.console.show_cursor(False)
+            self._enable_redirect_io()
+            self.console.push_render_hook(self)
+            if refresh:
+                try:
+                    self.refresh()
+                except Exception:
+                    # If refresh fails, we want to stop the redirection of sys.stderr,
+                    # so the error stacktrace is properly displayed in the terminal.
+                    # (or, if the code that calls Rich captures the exception and wants to display something,
+                    # let this be displayed in the terminal).
+                    self.stop()
+                    raise
+            if self.auto_refresh:
+                self._refresh_thread = _RefreshThread(self, self.refresh_per_second)
+                self._refresh_thread.start()
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop live rendering display."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._started:
+                return
+            self.console.clear_live()
+            self._started = False
+
+            if self.auto_refresh and self._refresh_thread is not None:
+                self._refresh_thread.stop()
+                self._refresh_thread = None
+            # allow it to fully render on the last even if overflow
+            self.vertical_overflow = "visible"
+            with self.console:
+                try:
+                    if not self._alt_screen and not self.console.is_jupyter:
+                        self.refresh()
+                finally:
+                    self._disable_redirect_io()
+                    self.console.pop_render_hook()
+                    if not self._alt_screen and self.console.is_terminal:
+                        self.console.line()
+                    self.console.show_cursor(True)
+                    if self._alt_screen:
+                        self.console.set_alt_screen(False)
+
+                    if self.transient and not self._alt_screen:
+                        self.console.control(self._live_render.restore_cursor())
+                    if self.ipy_widget is not None and self.transient:
+                        self.ipy_widget.close()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Live":
+        self.start(refresh=self._renderable is not None)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+    def _enable_redirect_io(self) -> None:
+        """Enable redirecting of stdout / stderr."""
+        if self.console.is_terminal or self.console.is_jupyter:
+            if self._redirect_stdout and not isinstance(sys.stdout, FileProxy):
+                self._restore_stdout = sys.stdout
+                sys.stdout = cast("TextIO", FileProxy(self.console, sys.stdout))
+            if self._redirect_stderr and not isinstance(sys.stderr, FileProxy):
+                self._restore_stderr = sys.stderr
+                sys.stderr = cast("TextIO", FileProxy(self.console, sys.stderr))
+
+    def _disable_redirect_io(self) -> None:
+        """Disable redirecting of stdout / stderr."""
+        if self._restore_stdout:
+            sys.stdout = cast("TextIO", self._restore_stdout)
+            self._restore_stdout = None
+        if self._restore_stderr:
+            sys.stderr = cast("TextIO", self._restore_stderr)
+            self._restore_stderr = None
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Get the renderable that is being displayed
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: Displayed renderable.
+        """
+        renderable = self.get_renderable()
+        return Screen(renderable) if self._alt_screen else renderable
+
+    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType, *, refresh: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Update the renderable that is being displayed
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable to use.
+            refresh (bool, optional): Refresh the display. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if isinstance(renderable, str):
+            renderable = self.console.render_str(renderable)
+        with self._lock:
+            self._renderable = renderable
+            if refresh:
+                self.refresh()
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Update the display of the Live Render."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._live_render.set_renderable(self.renderable)
+            if self.console.is_jupyter:  # pragma: no cover
+                try:
+                    from IPython.display import display
+                    from ipywidgets import Output
+                except ImportError:
+                    import warnings
+
+                    warnings.warn('install "ipywidgets" for Jupyter support')
+                else:
+                    if self.ipy_widget is None:
+                        self.ipy_widget = Output()
+                        display(self.ipy_widget)
+
+                    with self.ipy_widget:
+                        self.ipy_widget.clear_output(wait=True)
+                        self.console.print(self._live_render.renderable)
+            elif self.console.is_terminal and not self.console.is_dumb_terminal:
+                with self.console:
+                    self.console.print(Control())
+            elif (
+                not self._started and not self.transient
+            ):  # if it is finished allow files or dumb-terminals to see final result
+                with self.console:
+                    self.console.print(Control())
+
+    def process_renderables(
+        self, renderables: List[ConsoleRenderable]
+    ) -> List[ConsoleRenderable]:
+        """Process renderables to restore cursor and display progress."""
+        self._live_render.vertical_overflow = self.vertical_overflow
+        if self.console.is_interactive:
+            # lock needs acquiring as user can modify live_render renderable at any time unlike in Progress.
+            with self._lock:
+                reset = (
+                    Control.home()
+                    if self._alt_screen
+                    else self._live_render.position_cursor()
+                )
+                renderables = [reset, *renderables, self._live_render]
+        elif (
+            not self._started and not self.transient
+        ):  # if it is finished render the final output for files or dumb_terminals
+            renderables = [*renderables, self._live_render]
+
+        return renderables
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import random
+    import time
+    from itertools import cycle
+    from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
+
+    from .align import Align
+    from .console import Console
+    from .live import Live as Live
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .rule import Rule
+    from .syntax import Syntax
+    from .table import Table
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    syntax = Syntax(
+        '''def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value''',
+        "python",
+        line_numbers=True,
+    )
+
+    table = Table("foo", "bar", "baz")
+    table.add_row("1", "2", "3")
+
+    progress_renderables = [
+        "You can make the terminal shorter and taller to see the live table hide"
+        "Text may be printed while the progress bars are rendering.",
+        Panel("In fact, [i]any[/i] renderable will work"),
+        "Such as [magenta]tables[/]...",
+        table,
+        "Pretty printed structures...",
+        {"type": "example", "text": "Pretty printed"},
+        "Syntax...",
+        syntax,
+        Rule("Give it a try!"),
+    ]
+
+    examples = cycle(progress_renderables)
+
+    exchanges = [
+        "SGD",
+        "MYR",
+        "EUR",
+        "USD",
+        "AUD",
+        "JPY",
+        "CNH",
+        "HKD",
+        "CAD",
+        "INR",
+        "DKK",
+        "GBP",
+        "RUB",
+        "NZD",
+        "MXN",
+        "IDR",
+        "TWD",
+        "THB",
+        "VND",
+    ]
+    with Live(console=console) as live_table:
+        exchange_rate_dict: Dict[Tuple[str, str], float] = {}
+
+        for index in range(100):
+            select_exchange = exchanges[index % len(exchanges)]
+
+            for exchange in exchanges:
+                if exchange == select_exchange:
+                    continue
+                time.sleep(0.4)
+                if random.randint(0, 10) < 1:
+                    console.log(next(examples))
+                exchange_rate_dict[(select_exchange, exchange)] = 200 / (
+                    (random.random() * 320) + 1
+                )
+                if len(exchange_rate_dict) > len(exchanges) - 1:
+                    exchange_rate_dict.pop(list(exchange_rate_dict.keys())[0])
+                table = Table(title="Exchange Rates")
+
+                table.add_column("Source Currency")
+                table.add_column("Destination Currency")
+                table.add_column("Exchange Rate")
+
+                for ((source, dest), exchange_rate) in exchange_rate_dict.items():
+                    table.add_row(
+                        source,
+                        dest,
+                        Text(
+                            f"{exchange_rate:.4f}",
+                            style="red" if exchange_rate < 1.0 else "green",
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+                live_table.update(Align.center(table))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b90fbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live_render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .control import Control
+from .segment import ControlType, Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+from .text import Text
+
+VerticalOverflowMethod = Literal["crop", "ellipsis", "visible"]
+
+
+class LiveRender:
+    """Creates a renderable that may be updated.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object.
+        style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the renderable. Defaults to "".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: RenderableType,
+        style: StyleType = "",
+        vertical_overflow: VerticalOverflowMethod = "ellipsis",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+        self.vertical_overflow = vertical_overflow
+        self._shape: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None
+
+    def set_renderable(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
+        """Set a new renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable object, including str.
+        """
+        self.renderable = renderable
+
+    def position_cursor(self) -> Control:
+        """Get control codes to move cursor to beginning of live render.
+
+        Returns:
+            Control: A control instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        if self._shape is not None:
+            _, height = self._shape
+            return Control(
+                ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN,
+                (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2),
+                *(
+                    (
+                        (ControlType.CURSOR_UP, 1),
+                        (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2),
+                    )
+                    * (height - 1)
+                )
+            )
+        return Control()
+
+    def restore_cursor(self) -> Control:
+        """Get control codes to clear the render and restore the cursor to its previous position.
+
+        Returns:
+            Control: A Control instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        if self._shape is not None:
+            _, height = self._shape
+            return Control(
+                ControlType.CARRIAGE_RETURN,
+                *((ControlType.CURSOR_UP, 1), (ControlType.ERASE_IN_LINE, 2)) * height
+            )
+        return Control()
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+
+        renderable = self.renderable
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        lines = console.render_lines(renderable, options, style=style, pad=False)
+        shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+
+        _, height = shape
+        if height > options.size.height:
+            if self.vertical_overflow == "crop":
+                lines = lines[: options.size.height]
+                shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+            elif self.vertical_overflow == "ellipsis":
+                lines = lines[: (options.size.height - 1)]
+                overflow_text = Text(
+                    "...",
+                    overflow="crop",
+                    justify="center",
+                    end="",
+                    style="live.ellipsis",
+                )
+                lines.append(list(console.render(overflow_text)))
+                shape = Segment.get_shape(lines)
+        self._shape = shape
+
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+            yield from line
+            if not last:
+                yield new_line
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91368dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime
+from logging import Handler, LogRecord
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import ClassVar, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NullFile
+
+from . import get_console
+from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
+from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable
+from .highlighter import Highlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .text import Text
+from .traceback import Traceback
+
+
+class RichHandler(Handler):
+    """A logging handler that renders output with Rich. The time / level / message and file are displayed in columns.
+    The level is color coded, and the message is syntax highlighted.
+
+    Note:
+        Be careful when enabling console markup in log messages if you have configured logging for libraries not
+        under your control. If a dependency writes messages containing square brackets, it may not produce the intended output.
+
+    Args:
+        level (Union[int, str], optional): Log level. Defaults to logging.NOTSET.
+        console (:class:`~rich.console.Console`, optional): Optional console instance to write logs.
+            Default will use a global console instance writing to stdout.
+        show_time (bool, optional): Show a column for the time. Defaults to True.
+        omit_repeated_times (bool, optional): Omit repetition of the same time. Defaults to True.
+        show_level (bool, optional): Show a column for the level. Defaults to True.
+        show_path (bool, optional): Show the path to the original log call. Defaults to True.
+        enable_link_path (bool, optional): Enable terminal link of path column to file. Defaults to True.
+        highlighter (Highlighter, optional): Highlighter to style log messages, or None to use ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
+        markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup in log messages. Defaults to False.
+        rich_tracebacks (bool, optional): Enable rich tracebacks with syntax highlighting and formatting. Defaults to False.
+        tracebacks_width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
+        tracebacks_extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
+        tracebacks_theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+        tracebacks_word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long tracebacks lines. Defaults to True.
+        tracebacks_show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of locals in tracebacks. Defaults to False.
+        tracebacks_suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%x %X] ".
+        keywords (List[str], optional): List of words to highlight instead of ``RichHandler.KEYWORDS``.
+    """
+
+    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = [
+        "GET",
+        "POST",
+        "HEAD",
+        "PUT",
+        "DELETE",
+        "OPTIONS",
+        "TRACE",
+        "PATCH",
+    ]
+    HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[Highlighter]] = ReprHighlighter
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        level: Union[int, str] = logging.NOTSET,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        *,
+        show_time: bool = True,
+        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
+        show_level: bool = True,
+        show_path: bool = True,
+        enable_link_path: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        markup: bool = False,
+        rich_tracebacks: bool = False,
+        tracebacks_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tracebacks_extra_lines: int = 3,
+        tracebacks_theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        tracebacks_word_wrap: bool = True,
+        tracebacks_show_locals: bool = False,
+        tracebacks_suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        locals_max_length: int = 10,
+        locals_max_string: int = 80,
+        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
+        keywords: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(level=level)
+        self.console = console or get_console()
+        self.highlighter = highlighter or self.HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS()
+        self._log_render = LogRender(
+            show_time=show_time,
+            show_level=show_level,
+            show_path=show_path,
+            time_format=log_time_format,
+            omit_repeated_times=omit_repeated_times,
+            level_width=None,
+        )
+        self.enable_link_path = enable_link_path
+        self.markup = markup
+        self.rich_tracebacks = rich_tracebacks
+        self.tracebacks_width = tracebacks_width
+        self.tracebacks_extra_lines = tracebacks_extra_lines
+        self.tracebacks_theme = tracebacks_theme
+        self.tracebacks_word_wrap = tracebacks_word_wrap
+        self.tracebacks_show_locals = tracebacks_show_locals
+        self.tracebacks_suppress = tracebacks_suppress
+        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
+        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
+        self.keywords = keywords
+
+    def get_level_text(self, record: LogRecord) -> Text:
+        """Get the level name from the record.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): LogRecord instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A tuple of the style and level name.
+        """
+        level_name = record.levelname
+        level_text = Text.styled(
+            level_name.ljust(8), f"logging.level.{level_name.lower()}"
+        )
+        return level_text
+
+    def emit(self, record: LogRecord) -> None:
+        """Invoked by logging."""
+        message = self.format(record)
+        traceback = None
+        if (
+            self.rich_tracebacks
+            and record.exc_info
+            and record.exc_info != (None, None, None)
+        ):
+            exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = record.exc_info
+            assert exc_type is not None
+            assert exc_value is not None
+            traceback = Traceback.from_exception(
+                exc_type,
+                exc_value,
+                exc_traceback,
+                width=self.tracebacks_width,
+                extra_lines=self.tracebacks_extra_lines,
+                theme=self.tracebacks_theme,
+                word_wrap=self.tracebacks_word_wrap,
+                show_locals=self.tracebacks_show_locals,
+                locals_max_length=self.locals_max_length,
+                locals_max_string=self.locals_max_string,
+                suppress=self.tracebacks_suppress,
+            )
+            message = record.getMessage()
+            if self.formatter:
+                record.message = record.getMessage()
+                formatter = self.formatter
+                if hasattr(formatter, "usesTime") and formatter.usesTime():
+                    record.asctime = formatter.formatTime(record, formatter.datefmt)
+                message = formatter.formatMessage(record)
+
+        message_renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
+        log_renderable = self.render(
+            record=record, traceback=traceback, message_renderable=message_renderable
+        )
+        if isinstance(self.console.file, NullFile):
+            # Handles pythonw, where stdout/stderr are null, and we return NullFile
+            # instance from Console.file. In this case, we still want to make a log record
+            # even though we won't be writing anything to a file.
+            self.handleError(record)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.console.print(log_renderable)
+            except Exception:
+                self.handleError(record)
+
+    def render_message(self, record: LogRecord, message: str) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+        """Render message text in to Text.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
+            message (str): String containing log message.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log message.
+        """
+        use_markup = getattr(record, "markup", self.markup)
+        message_text = Text.from_markup(message) if use_markup else Text(message)
+
+        highlighter = getattr(record, "highlighter", self.highlighter)
+        if highlighter:
+            message_text = highlighter(message_text)
+
+        if self.keywords is None:
+            self.keywords = self.KEYWORDS
+
+        if self.keywords:
+            message_text.highlight_words(self.keywords, "logging.keyword")
+
+        return message_text
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        *,
+        record: LogRecord,
+        traceback: Optional[Traceback],
+        message_renderable: "ConsoleRenderable",
+    ) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+        """Render log for display.
+
+        Args:
+            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
+            traceback (Optional[Traceback]): Traceback instance or None for no Traceback.
+            message_renderable (ConsoleRenderable): Renderable (typically Text) containing log message contents.
+
+        Returns:
+            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log.
+        """
+        path = Path(record.pathname).name
+        level = self.get_level_text(record)
+        time_format = None if self.formatter is None else self.formatter.datefmt
+        log_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created)
+
+        log_renderable = self._log_render(
+            self.console,
+            [message_renderable] if not traceback else [message_renderable, traceback],
+            log_time=log_time,
+            time_format=time_format,
+            level=level,
+            path=path,
+            line_no=record.lineno,
+            link_path=record.pathname if self.enable_link_path else None,
+        )
+        return log_renderable
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    FORMAT = "%(message)s"
+    # FORMAT = "%(asctime)-15s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level="NOTSET",
+        format=FORMAT,
+        datefmt="[%X]",
+        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, tracebacks_show_locals=True)],
+    )
+    log = logging.getLogger("rich")
+
+    log.info("Server starting...")
+    log.info("Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080")
+    sleep(1)
+
+    log.info("GET /index.html 200 1298")
+    log.info("GET /imgs/backgrounds/back1.jpg 200 54386")
+    log.info("GET /css/styles.css 200 54386")
+    log.warning("GET /favicon.ico 404 242")
+    sleep(1)
+
+    log.debug(
+        "JSONRPC request\n--> %r\n<-- %r",
+        {
+            "version": "1.1",
+            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
+            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
+            "id": "194521489",
+        },
+        {"version": "1.1", "result": True, "error": None, "id": "194521489"},
+    )
+    log.debug(
+        "Loading configuration file /adasd/asdasd/qeqwe/qwrqwrqwr/sdgsdgsdg/werwerwer/dfgerert/ertertert/ertetert/werwerwer"
+    )
+    log.error("Unable to find 'pomelo' in database!")
+    log.info("POST /jsonrpc/ 200 65532")
+    log.info("POST /admin/ 401 42234")
+    log.warning("password was rejected for admin site.")
+
+    def divide() -> None:
+        number = 1
+        divisor = 0
+        foos = ["foo"] * 100
+        log.debug("in divide")
+        try:
+            number / divisor
+        except:
+            log.exception("An error of some kind occurred!")
+
+    divide()
+    sleep(1)
+    log.critical("Out of memory!")
+    log.info("Server exited with code=-1")
+    log.info("[bold]EXITING...[/bold]", extra=dict(markup=True))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd80d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/markup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+import re
+from ast import literal_eval
+from operator import attrgetter
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, List, Match, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from ._emoji_replace import _emoji_replace
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .errors import MarkupError
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Span, Text
+
+RE_TAGS = re.compile(
+    r"""((\\*)\[([a-z#/@][^[]*?)])""",
+    re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+RE_HANDLER = re.compile(r"^([\w.]*?)(\(.*?\))?$")
+
+
+class Tag(NamedTuple):
+    """A tag in console markup."""
+
+    name: str
+    """The tag name. e.g. 'bold'."""
+    parameters: Optional[str]
+    """Any additional parameters after the name."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            self.name if self.parameters is None else f"{self.name} {self.parameters}"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def markup(self) -> str:
+        """Get the string representation of this tag."""
+        return (
+            f"[{self.name}]"
+            if self.parameters is None
+            else f"[{self.name}={self.parameters}]"
+        )
+
+
+_ReStringMatch = Match[str]  # regex match object
+_ReSubCallable = Callable[[_ReStringMatch], str]  # Callable invoked by re.sub
+_EscapeSubMethod = Callable[[_ReSubCallable, str], str]  # Sub method of a compiled re
+
+
+def escape(
+    markup: str,
+    _escape: _EscapeSubMethod = re.compile(r"(\\*)(\[[a-z#/@][^[]*?])").sub,
+) -> str:
+    """Escapes text so that it won't be interpreted as markup.
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): Content to be inserted in to markup.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Markup with square brackets escaped.
+    """
+
+    def escape_backslashes(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+        """Called by re.sub replace matches."""
+        backslashes, text = match.groups()
+        return f"{backslashes}{backslashes}\\{text}"
+
+    markup = _escape(escape_backslashes, markup)
+    return markup
+
+
+def _parse(markup: str) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Optional[str], Optional[Tag]]]:
+    """Parse markup in to an iterable of tuples of (position, text, tag).
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): A string containing console markup
+
+    """
+    position = 0
+    _divmod = divmod
+    _Tag = Tag
+    for match in RE_TAGS.finditer(markup):
+        full_text, escapes, tag_text = match.groups()
+        start, end = match.span()
+        if start > position:
+            yield start, markup[position:start], None
+        if escapes:
+            backslashes, escaped = _divmod(len(escapes), 2)
+            if backslashes:
+                # Literal backslashes
+                yield start, "\\" * backslashes, None
+                start += backslashes * 2
+            if escaped:
+                # Escape of tag
+                yield start, full_text[len(escapes) :], None
+                position = end
+                continue
+        text, equals, parameters = tag_text.partition("=")
+        yield start, None, _Tag(text, parameters if equals else None)
+        position = end
+    if position < len(markup):
+        yield position, markup[position:], None
+
+
+def render(
+    markup: str,
+    style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+    emoji: bool = True,
+    emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+) -> Text:
+    """Render console markup in to a Text instance.
+
+    Args:
+        markup (str): A string containing console markup.
+        emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+
+    Raises:
+        MarkupError: If there is a syntax error in the markup.
+
+    Returns:
+        Text: A test instance.
+    """
+    emoji_replace = _emoji_replace
+    if "[" not in markup:
+        return Text(
+            emoji_replace(markup, default_variant=emoji_variant) if emoji else markup,
+            style=style,
+        )
+    text = Text(style=style)
+    append = text.append
+    normalize = Style.normalize
+
+    style_stack: List[Tuple[int, Tag]] = []
+    pop = style_stack.pop
+
+    spans: List[Span] = []
+    append_span = spans.append
+
+    _Span = Span
+    _Tag = Tag
+
+    def pop_style(style_name: str) -> Tuple[int, Tag]:
+        """Pop tag matching given style name."""
+        for index, (_, tag) in enumerate(reversed(style_stack), 1):
+            if tag.name == style_name:
+                return pop(-index)
+        raise KeyError(style_name)
+
+    for position, plain_text, tag in _parse(markup):
+        if plain_text is not None:
+            # Handle open brace escapes, where the brace is not part of a tag.
+            plain_text = plain_text.replace("\\[", "[")
+            append(emoji_replace(plain_text) if emoji else plain_text)
+        elif tag is not None:
+            if tag.name.startswith("/"):  # Closing tag
+                style_name = tag.name[1:].strip()
+
+                if style_name:  # explicit close
+                    style_name = normalize(style_name)
+                    try:
+                        start, open_tag = pop_style(style_name)
+                    except KeyError:
+                        raise MarkupError(
+                            f"closing tag '{tag.markup}' at position {position} doesn't match any open tag"
+                        ) from None
+                else:  # implicit close
+                    try:
+                        start, open_tag = pop()
+                    except IndexError:
+                        raise MarkupError(
+                            f"closing tag '[/]' at position {position} has nothing to close"
+                        ) from None
+
+                if open_tag.name.startswith("@"):
+                    if open_tag.parameters:
+                        handler_name = ""
+                        parameters = open_tag.parameters.strip()
+                        handler_match = RE_HANDLER.match(parameters)
+                        if handler_match is not None:
+                            handler_name, match_parameters = handler_match.groups()
+                            parameters = (
+                                "()" if match_parameters is None else match_parameters
+                            )
+
+                        try:
+                            meta_params = literal_eval(parameters)
+                        except SyntaxError as error:
+                            raise MarkupError(
+                                f"error parsing {parameters!r} in {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error.msg}"
+                            )
+                        except Exception as error:
+                            raise MarkupError(
+                                f"error parsing {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error}"
+                            ) from None
+
+                        if handler_name:
+                            meta_params = (
+                                handler_name,
+                                meta_params
+                                if isinstance(meta_params, tuple)
+                                else (meta_params,),
+                            )
+
+                    else:
+                        meta_params = ()
+
+                    append_span(
+                        _Span(
+                            start, len(text), Style(meta={open_tag.name: meta_params})
+                        )
+                    )
+                else:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, len(text), str(open_tag)))
+
+            else:  # Opening tag
+                normalized_tag = _Tag(normalize(tag.name), tag.parameters)
+                style_stack.append((len(text), normalized_tag))
+
+    text_length = len(text)
+    while style_stack:
+        start, tag = style_stack.pop()
+        style = str(tag)
+        if style:
+            append_span(_Span(start, text_length, style))
+
+    text.spans = sorted(spans[::-1], key=attrgetter("start"))
+    return text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    MARKUP = [
+        "[red]Hello World[/red]",
+        "[magenta]Hello [b]World[/b]",
+        "[bold]Bold[italic] bold and italic [/bold]italic[/italic]",
+        "Click [link=https://www.willmcgugan.com]here[/link] to visit my Blog",
+        ":warning-emoji: [bold red blink] DANGER![/]",
+    ]
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+    grid = Table("Markup", "Result", padding=(0, 1))
+
+    for markup in MARKUP:
+        grid.add_row(Text(markup), markup)
+
+    print(grid)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a508ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/measure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
+
+from . import errors
+from .protocol import is_renderable, rich_cast
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType
+
+
+class Measurement(NamedTuple):
+    """Stores the minimum and maximum widths (in characters) required to render an object."""
+
+    minimum: int
+    """Minimum number of cells required to render."""
+    maximum: int
+    """Maximum number of cells required to render."""
+
+    @property
+    def span(self) -> int:
+        """Get difference between maximum and minimum."""
+        return self.maximum - self.minimum
+
+    def normalize(self) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get measurement that ensures that minimum <= maximum and minimum >= 0
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: A normalized measurement.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        minimum = min(max(0, minimum), maximum)
+        return Measurement(max(0, minimum), max(0, max(minimum, maximum)))
+
+    def with_maximum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are <= width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Maximum desired width.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        return Measurement(min(minimum, width), min(maximum, width))
+
+    def with_minimum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are >= width.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Minimum desired width.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        minimum, maximum = self
+        width = max(0, width)
+        return Measurement(max(minimum, width), max(maximum, width))
+
+    def clamp(
+        self, min_width: Optional[int] = None, max_width: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        """Clamp a measurement within the specified range.
+
+        Args:
+            min_width (int): Minimum desired width, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+            max_width (int): Maximum desired width, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: New Measurement object.
+        """
+        measurement = self
+        if min_width is not None:
+            measurement = measurement.with_minimum(min_width)
+        if max_width is not None:
+            measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
+        return measurement
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get(
+        cls, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", renderable: "RenderableType"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        """Get a measurement for a renderable.
+
+        Args:
+            console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
+            options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+            renderable (RenderableType): An object that may be rendered with Rich.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NotRenderableError: If the object is not renderable.
+
+        Returns:
+            Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to render the object.
+        """
+        _max_width = options.max_width
+        if _max_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+        if isinstance(renderable, str):
+            renderable = console.render_str(
+                renderable, markup=options.markup, highlight=False
+            )
+        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
+        if is_renderable(renderable):
+            get_console_width: Optional[
+                Callable[["Console", "ConsoleOptions"], "Measurement"]
+            ] = getattr(renderable, "__rich_measure__", None)
+            if get_console_width is not None:
+                render_width = (
+                    get_console_width(console, options)
+                    .normalize()
+                    .with_maximum(_max_width)
+                )
+                if render_width.maximum < 1:
+                    return Measurement(0, 0)
+                return render_width.normalize()
+            else:
+                return Measurement(0, _max_width)
+        else:
+            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                f"Unable to get render width for {renderable!r}; "
+                "a str, Segment, or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
+            )
+
+
+def measure_renderables(
+    console: "Console",
+    options: "ConsoleOptions",
+    renderables: Sequence["RenderableType"],
+) -> "Measurement":
+    """Get a measurement that would fit a number of renderables.
+
+    Args:
+        console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
+        options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
+        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): One or more renderable objects.
+
+    Returns:
+        Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to
+            contain all given renderables.
+    """
+    if not renderables:
+        return Measurement(0, 0)
+    get_measurement = Measurement.get
+    measurements = [
+        get_measurement(console, options, renderable) for renderable in renderables
+    ]
+    measured_width = Measurement(
+        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(0)).minimum,
+        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(1)).maximum,
+    )
+    return measured_width
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b2204f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/padding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        RenderableType,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .style import Style
+from .segment import Segment
+
+
+PaddingDimensions = Union[int, Tuple[int], Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int, int, int]]
+
+
+class Padding(JupyterMixin):
+    """Draw space around content.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> print(Padding("Hello", (2, 4), style="on blue"))
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): String or other renderable.
+        pad (Union[int, Tuple[int]]): Padding for top, right, bottom, and left borders.
+            May be specified with 1, 2, or 4 integers (CSS style).
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for padding characters. Defaults to "none".
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand padding to fit available width. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        pad: "PaddingDimensions" = (0, 0, 0, 0),
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "none",
+        expand: bool = True,
+    ):
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.top, self.right, self.bottom, self.left = self.unpack(pad)
+        self.style = style
+        self.expand = expand
+
+    @classmethod
+    def indent(cls, renderable: "RenderableType", level: int) -> "Padding":
+        """Make padding instance to render an indent.
+
+        Args:
+            renderable (RenderableType): String or other renderable.
+            level (int): Number of characters to indent.
+
+        Returns:
+            Padding: A Padding instance.
+        """
+
+        return Padding(renderable, pad=(0, 0, 0, level), expand=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def unpack(pad: "PaddingDimensions") -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Unpack padding specified in CSS style."""
+        if isinstance(pad, int):
+            return (pad, pad, pad, pad)
+        if len(pad) == 1:
+            _pad = pad[0]
+            return (_pad, _pad, _pad, _pad)
+        if len(pad) == 2:
+            pad_top, pad_right = cast(Tuple[int, int], pad)
+            return (pad_top, pad_right, pad_top, pad_right)
+        if len(pad) == 4:
+            top, right, bottom, left = cast(Tuple[int, int, int, int], pad)
+            return (top, right, bottom, left)
+        raise ValueError(f"1, 2 or 4 integers required for padding; {len(pad)} given")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Padding({self.renderable!r}, ({self.top},{self.right},{self.bottom},{self.left}))"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        if self.expand:
+            width = options.max_width
+        else:
+            width = min(
+                Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable).maximum
+                + self.left
+                + self.right,
+                options.max_width,
+            )
+        render_options = options.update_width(width - self.left - self.right)
+        if render_options.height is not None:
+            render_options = render_options.update_height(
+                height=render_options.height - self.top - self.bottom
+            )
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable, render_options, style=style, pad=True
+        )
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        left = _Segment(" " * self.left, style) if self.left else None
+        right = (
+            [_Segment(f'{" " * self.right}', style), _Segment.line()]
+            if self.right
+            else [_Segment.line()]
+        )
+        blank_line: Optional[List[Segment]] = None
+        if self.top:
+            blank_line = [_Segment(f'{" " * width}\n', style)]
+            yield from blank_line * self.top
+        if left:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield left
+                yield from line
+                yield from right
+        else:
+            for line in lines:
+                yield from line
+                yield from right
+        if self.bottom:
+            blank_line = blank_line or [_Segment(f'{" " * width}\n', style)]
+            yield from blank_line * self.bottom
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        extra_width = self.left + self.right
+        if max_width - extra_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(max_width, max_width)
+        measure_min, measure_max = Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+        measurement = Measurement(measure_min + extra_width, measure_max + extra_width)
+        measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
+        return measurement
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  #  pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print(Padding("Hello, World", (2, 4), style="on blue"))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3f7aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class Pager(ABC):
+    """Base class for a pager."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
+        """Show content in pager.
+
+        Args:
+            content (str): Content to be displayed.
+        """
+
+
+class SystemPager(Pager):
+    """Uses the pager installed on the system."""
+
+    def _pager(self, content: str) -> Any:  #  pragma: no cover
+        return __import__("pydoc").pager(content)
+
+    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
+        """Use the same pager used by pydoc."""
+        self._pager(content)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .__main__ import make_test_card
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    with console.pager(styles=True):
+        console.print(make_test_card())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0c4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/palette.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from math import sqrt
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+
+class Palette:
+    """A palette of available colors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, colors: Sequence[Tuple[int, int, int]]):
+        self._colors = colors
+
+    def __getitem__(self, number: int) -> ColorTriplet:
+        return ColorTriplet(*self._colors[number])
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> "Table":
+        from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+        from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+        from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+        table = Table(
+            "index",
+            "RGB",
+            "Color",
+            title="Palette",
+            caption=f"{len(self._colors)} colors",
+            highlight=True,
+            caption_justify="right",
+        )
+        for index, color in enumerate(self._colors):
+            table.add_row(
+                str(index),
+                repr(color),
+                Text(" " * 16, style=Style(bgcolor=Color.from_rgb(*color))),
+            )
+        return table
+
+    # This is somewhat inefficient and needs caching
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def match(self, color: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> int:
+        """Find a color from a palette that most closely matches a given color.
+
+        Args:
+            color (Tuple[int, int, int]): RGB components in range 0 > 255.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Index of closes matching color.
+        """
+        red1, green1, blue1 = color
+        _sqrt = sqrt
+        get_color = self._colors.__getitem__
+
+        def get_color_distance(index: int) -> float:
+            """Get the distance to a color."""
+            red2, green2, blue2 = get_color(index)
+            red_mean = (red1 + red2) // 2
+            red = red1 - red2
+            green = green1 - green2
+            blue = blue1 - blue2
+            return _sqrt(
+                (((512 + red_mean) * red * red) >> 8)
+                + 4 * green * green
+                + (((767 - red_mean) * blue * blue) >> 8)
+            )
+
+        min_index = min(range(len(self._colors)), key=get_color_distance)
+        return min_index
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import colorsys
+    from typing import Iterable
+    from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions
+    from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
+    from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
+
+    class ColorBox:
+        def __rich_console__(
+            self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+        ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+            height = console.size.height - 3
+            for y in range(0, height):
+                for x in range(options.max_width):
+                    h = x / options.max_width
+                    l = y / (height + 1)
+                    r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
+                    r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + (1 / height / 2), 1.0)
+                    bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
+                    color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
+                    yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
+                yield Segment.line()
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(ColorBox())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d522d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/panel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .box import ROUNDED, Box
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement, measure_renderables
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+
+
+class Panel(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable that draws a border around its contents.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> console.print(Panel("Hello, World!"))
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): A console renderable object.
+        box (Box, optional): A Box instance that defines the look of the border (see :ref:`appendix_box`.
+            Defaults to box.ROUNDED.
+        safe_box (bool, optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): If True the panel will stretch to fill the console
+            width, otherwise it will be sized to fit the contents. Defaults to True.
+        style (str, optional): The style of the panel (border and contents). Defaults to "none".
+        border_style (str, optional): The style of the border. Defaults to "none".
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Optional width of panel. Defaults to None to auto-detect.
+        height (Optional[int], optional): Optional height of panel. Defaults to None to auto-detect.
+        padding (Optional[PaddingDimensions]): Optional padding around renderable. Defaults to 0.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Enable automatic highlighting of panel title (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        box: Box = ROUNDED,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        title_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        subtitle: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        subtitle_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        expand: bool = True,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        border_style: StyleType = "none",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.box = box
+        self.title = title
+        self.title_align: AlignMethod = title_align
+        self.subtitle = subtitle
+        self.subtitle_align = subtitle_align
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self.expand = expand
+        self.style = style
+        self.border_style = border_style
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.highlight = highlight
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fit(
+        cls,
+        renderable: "RenderableType",
+        box: Box = ROUNDED,
+        *,
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        title_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        subtitle: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        subtitle_align: AlignMethod = "center",
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        border_style: StyleType = "none",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+    ) -> "Panel":
+        """An alternative constructor that sets expand=False."""
+        return cls(
+            renderable,
+            box,
+            title=title,
+            title_align=title_align,
+            subtitle=subtitle,
+            subtitle_align=subtitle_align,
+            safe_box=safe_box,
+            style=style,
+            border_style=border_style,
+            width=width,
+            padding=padding,
+            expand=False,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _title(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        if self.title:
+            title_text = (
+                Text.from_markup(self.title)
+                if isinstance(self.title, str)
+                else self.title.copy()
+            )
+            title_text.end = ""
+            title_text.plain = title_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+            title_text.no_wrap = True
+            title_text.expand_tabs()
+            title_text.pad(1)
+            return title_text
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def _subtitle(self) -> Optional[Text]:
+        if self.subtitle:
+            subtitle_text = (
+                Text.from_markup(self.subtitle)
+                if isinstance(self.subtitle, str)
+                else self.subtitle.copy()
+            )
+            subtitle_text.end = ""
+            subtitle_text.plain = subtitle_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+            subtitle_text.no_wrap = True
+            subtitle_text.expand_tabs()
+            subtitle_text.pad(1)
+            return subtitle_text
+        return None
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        _padding = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        renderable = (
+            Padding(self.renderable, _padding) if any(_padding) else self.renderable
+        )
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        border_style = style + console.get_style(self.border_style)
+        width = (
+            options.max_width
+            if self.width is None
+            else min(options.max_width, self.width)
+        )
+
+        safe_box: bool = console.safe_box if self.safe_box is None else self.safe_box
+        box = self.box.substitute(options, safe=safe_box)
+
+        def align_text(
+            text: Text, width: int, align: str, character: str, style: Style
+        ) -> Text:
+            """Gets new aligned text.
+
+            Args:
+                text (Text): Title or subtitle text.
+                width (int): Desired width.
+                align (str): Alignment.
+                character (str): Character for alignment.
+                style (Style): Border style
+
+            Returns:
+                Text: New text instance
+            """
+            text = text.copy()
+            text.truncate(width)
+            excess_space = width - cell_len(text.plain)
+            if excess_space:
+                if align == "left":
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        text,
+                        (character * excess_space, style),
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+                elif align == "center":
+                    left = excess_space // 2
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        (character * left, style),
+                        text,
+                        (character * (excess_space - left), style),
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return Text.assemble(
+                        (character * excess_space, style),
+                        text,
+                        no_wrap=True,
+                        end="",
+                    )
+            return text
+
+        title_text = self._title
+        if title_text is not None:
+            title_text.stylize_before(border_style)
+
+        child_width = (
+            width - 2
+            if self.expand
+            else console.measure(
+                renderable, options=options.update_width(width - 2)
+            ).maximum
+        )
+        child_height = self.height or options.height or None
+        if child_height:
+            child_height -= 2
+        if title_text is not None:
+            child_width = min(
+                options.max_width - 2, max(child_width, title_text.cell_len + 2)
+            )
+
+        width = child_width + 2
+        child_options = options.update(
+            width=child_width, height=child_height, highlight=self.highlight
+        )
+        lines = console.render_lines(renderable, child_options, style=style)
+
+        line_start = Segment(box.mid_left, border_style)
+        line_end = Segment(f"{box.mid_right}", border_style)
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+        if title_text is None or width <= 4:
+            yield Segment(box.get_top([width - 2]), border_style)
+        else:
+            title_text = align_text(
+                title_text,
+                width - 4,
+                self.title_align,
+                box.top,
+                border_style,
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.top_left + box.top, border_style)
+            yield from console.render(title_text, child_options.update_width(width - 4))
+            yield Segment(box.top + box.top_right, border_style)
+
+        yield new_line
+        for line in lines:
+            yield line_start
+            yield from line
+            yield line_end
+            yield new_line
+
+        subtitle_text = self._subtitle
+        if subtitle_text is not None:
+            subtitle_text.stylize_before(border_style)
+
+        if subtitle_text is None or width <= 4:
+            yield Segment(box.get_bottom([width - 2]), border_style)
+        else:
+            subtitle_text = align_text(
+                subtitle_text,
+                width - 4,
+                self.subtitle_align,
+                box.bottom,
+                border_style,
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.bottom_left + box.bottom, border_style)
+            yield from console.render(
+                subtitle_text, child_options.update_width(width - 4)
+            )
+            yield Segment(box.bottom + box.bottom_right, border_style)
+
+        yield new_line
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        _title = self._title
+        _, right, _, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        padding = left + right
+        renderables = [self.renderable, _title] if _title else [self.renderable]
+
+        if self.width is None:
+            width = (
+                measure_renderables(
+                    console,
+                    options.update_width(options.max_width - padding - 2),
+                    renderables,
+                ).maximum
+                + padding
+                + 2
+            )
+        else:
+            width = self.width
+        return Measurement(width, width)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console
+
+    c = Console()
+
+    from .box import DOUBLE, ROUNDED
+    from .padding import Padding
+
+    p = Panel(
+        "Hello, World!",
+        title="rich.Panel",
+        style="white on blue",
+        box=DOUBLE,
+        padding=1,
+    )
+
+    c.print()
+    c.print(p)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bd9eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/pretty.py
@@ -0,0 +1,994 @@
+import builtins
+import collections
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import os
+import sys
+from array import array
+from collections import Counter, UserDict, UserList, defaultdict, deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, fields, is_dataclass
+from inspect import isclass
+from itertools import islice
+from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    DefaultDict,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.repr import RichReprResult
+
+try:
+    import attr as _attr_module
+
+    _has_attrs = hasattr(_attr_module, "ib")
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    _has_attrs = False
+
+from . import get_console
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from .abc import RichRenderable
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin, JupyterRenderable
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        HighlighterType,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+
+
+def _is_attr_object(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object was created with attrs module."""
+    return _has_attrs and _attr_module.has(type(obj))
+
+
+def _get_attr_fields(obj: Any) -> Sequence["_attr_module.Attribute[Any]"]:
+    """Get fields for an attrs object."""
+    return _attr_module.fields(type(obj)) if _has_attrs else []
+
+
+def _is_dataclass_repr(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an instance of a dataclass contains the default repr.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (object): A dataclass instance.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the default repr is used, False if there is a custom repr.
+    """
+    # Digging in to a lot of internals here
+    # Catching all exceptions in case something is missing on a non CPython implementation
+    try:
+        return obj.__repr__.__code__.co_filename == dataclasses.__file__
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no coverage
+        return False
+
+
+_dummy_namedtuple = collections.namedtuple("_dummy_namedtuple", [])
+
+
+def _has_default_namedtuple_repr(obj: object) -> bool:
+    """Check if an instance of namedtuple contains the default repr
+
+    Args:
+        obj (object): A namedtuple
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the default repr is used, False if there's a custom repr.
+    """
+    obj_file = None
+    try:
+        obj_file = inspect.getfile(obj.__repr__)
+    except (OSError, TypeError):
+        # OSError handles case where object is defined in __main__ scope, e.g. REPL - no filename available.
+        # TypeError trapped defensively, in case of object without filename slips through.
+        pass
+    default_repr_file = inspect.getfile(_dummy_namedtuple.__repr__)
+    return obj_file == default_repr_file
+
+
+def _ipy_display_hook(
+    value: Any,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ignore",
+    crop: bool = False,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> Union[str, None]:
+    # needed here to prevent circular import:
+    from .console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+    # always skip rich generated jupyter renderables or None values
+    if _safe_isinstance(value, JupyterRenderable) or value is None:
+        return None
+
+    console = console or get_console()
+
+    with console.capture() as capture:
+        # certain renderables should start on a new line
+        if _safe_isinstance(value, ConsoleRenderable):
+            console.line()
+        console.print(
+            value
+            if _safe_isinstance(value, RichRenderable)
+            else Pretty(
+                value,
+                overflow=overflow,
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                max_length=max_length,
+                max_string=max_string,
+                max_depth=max_depth,
+                expand_all=expand_all,
+                margin=12,
+            ),
+            crop=crop,
+            new_line_start=True,
+            end="",
+        )
+    # strip trailing newline, not usually part of a text repr
+    # I'm not sure if this should be prevented at a lower level
+    return capture.get().rstrip("\n")
+
+
+def _safe_isinstance(
+    obj: object, class_or_tuple: Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]]
+) -> bool:
+    """isinstance can fail in rare cases, for example types with no __class__"""
+    try:
+        return isinstance(obj, class_or_tuple)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def install(
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ignore",
+    crop: bool = False,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Install automatic pretty printing in the Python REPL.
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance or ``None`` to use global console. Defaults to None.
+        overflow (Optional[OverflowMethod], optional): Overflow method. Defaults to "ignore".
+        crop (Optional[bool], optional): Enable cropping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structures, or None for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich import get_console
+
+    console = console or get_console()
+    assert console is not None
+
+    def display_hook(value: Any) -> None:
+        """Replacement sys.displayhook which prettifies objects with Rich."""
+        if value is not None:
+            assert console is not None
+            builtins._ = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            console.print(
+                value
+                if _safe_isinstance(value, RichRenderable)
+                else Pretty(
+                    value,
+                    overflow=overflow,
+                    indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                    max_length=max_length,
+                    max_string=max_string,
+                    max_depth=max_depth,
+                    expand_all=expand_all,
+                ),
+                crop=crop,
+            )
+            builtins._ = value  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    if "get_ipython" in globals():
+        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        from IPython.core.formatters import BaseFormatter
+
+        class RichFormatter(BaseFormatter):  # type: ignore[misc]
+            pprint: bool = True
+
+            def __call__(self, value: Any) -> Any:
+                if self.pprint:
+                    return _ipy_display_hook(
+                        value,
+                        console=get_console(),
+                        overflow=overflow,
+                        indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                        max_length=max_length,
+                        max_string=max_string,
+                        max_depth=max_depth,
+                        expand_all=expand_all,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    return repr(value)
+
+        # replace plain text formatter with rich formatter
+        rich_formatter = RichFormatter()
+        ip.display_formatter.formatters["text/plain"] = rich_formatter
+    else:
+        sys.displayhook = display_hook
+
+
+class Pretty(JupyterMixin):
+    """A rich renderable that pretty prints an object.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): An object to pretty print.
+        highlighter (HighlighterType, optional): Highlighter object to apply to result, or None for ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
+        indent_size (int, optional): Number of spaces in indent. Defaults to 4.
+        justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Justify method, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        overflow (OverflowMethod, optional): Overflow method, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        no_wrap (Optional[bool], optional): Disable word wrapping. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structures, or None for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+        margin (int, optional): Subtrace a margin from width to force containers to expand earlier. Defaults to 0.
+        insert_line (bool, optional): Insert a new line if the output has multiple new lines. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        _object: Any,
+        highlighter: Optional["HighlighterType"] = None,
+        *,
+        indent_size: int = 4,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+        expand_all: bool = False,
+        margin: int = 0,
+        insert_line: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._object = _object
+        self.highlighter = highlighter or ReprHighlighter()
+        self.indent_size = indent_size
+        self.justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = justify
+        self.overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = overflow
+        self.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.max_length = max_length
+        self.max_string = max_string
+        self.max_depth = max_depth
+        self.expand_all = expand_all
+        self.margin = margin
+        self.insert_line = insert_line
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        pretty_str = pretty_repr(
+            self._object,
+            max_width=options.max_width - self.margin,
+            indent_size=self.indent_size,
+            max_length=self.max_length,
+            max_string=self.max_string,
+            max_depth=self.max_depth,
+            expand_all=self.expand_all,
+        )
+        pretty_text = Text.from_ansi(
+            pretty_str,
+            justify=self.justify or options.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow or options.overflow,
+            no_wrap=pick_bool(self.no_wrap, options.no_wrap),
+            style="pretty",
+        )
+        pretty_text = (
+            self.highlighter(pretty_text)
+            if pretty_text
+            else Text(
+                f"{type(self._object)}.__repr__ returned empty string",
+                style="dim italic",
+            )
+        )
+        if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+            pretty_text = pretty_text.with_indent_guides(
+                self.indent_size, style="repr.indent"
+            )
+        if self.insert_line and "\n" in pretty_text:
+            yield ""
+        yield pretty_text
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        pretty_str = pretty_repr(
+            self._object,
+            max_width=options.max_width,
+            indent_size=self.indent_size,
+            max_length=self.max_length,
+            max_string=self.max_string,
+            max_depth=self.max_depth,
+            expand_all=self.expand_all,
+        )
+        text_width = (
+            max(cell_len(line) for line in pretty_str.splitlines()) if pretty_str else 0
+        )
+        return Measurement(text_width, text_width)
+
+
+def _get_braces_for_defaultdict(_object: DefaultDict[Any, Any]) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    return (
+        f"defaultdict({_object.default_factory!r}, {{",
+        "})",
+        f"defaultdict({_object.default_factory!r}, {{}})",
+    )
+
+
+def _get_braces_for_array(_object: "array[Any]") -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    return (f"array({_object.typecode!r}, [", "])", f"array({_object.typecode!r})")
+
+
+_BRACES: Dict[type, Callable[[Any], Tuple[str, str, str]]] = {
+    os._Environ: lambda _object: ("environ({", "})", "environ({})"),
+    array: _get_braces_for_array,
+    defaultdict: _get_braces_for_defaultdict,
+    Counter: lambda _object: ("Counter({", "})", "Counter()"),
+    deque: lambda _object: ("deque([", "])", "deque()"),
+    dict: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "{}"),
+    UserDict: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "{}"),
+    frozenset: lambda _object: ("frozenset({", "})", "frozenset()"),
+    list: lambda _object: ("[", "]", "[]"),
+    UserList: lambda _object: ("[", "]", "[]"),
+    set: lambda _object: ("{", "}", "set()"),
+    tuple: lambda _object: ("(", ")", "()"),
+    MappingProxyType: lambda _object: ("mappingproxy({", "})", "mappingproxy({})"),
+}
+_CONTAINERS = tuple(_BRACES.keys())
+_MAPPING_CONTAINERS = (dict, os._Environ, MappingProxyType, UserDict)
+
+
+def is_expandable(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object may be expanded by pretty print."""
+    return (
+        _safe_isinstance(obj, _CONTAINERS)
+        or (is_dataclass(obj))
+        or (hasattr(obj, "__rich_repr__"))
+        or _is_attr_object(obj)
+    ) and not isclass(obj)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Node:
+    """A node in a repr tree. May be atomic or a container."""
+
+    key_repr: str = ""
+    value_repr: str = ""
+    open_brace: str = ""
+    close_brace: str = ""
+    empty: str = ""
+    last: bool = False
+    is_tuple: bool = False
+    is_namedtuple: bool = False
+    children: Optional[List["Node"]] = None
+    key_separator: str = ": "
+    separator: str = ", "
+
+    def iter_tokens(self) -> Iterable[str]:
+        """Generate tokens for this node."""
+        if self.key_repr:
+            yield self.key_repr
+            yield self.key_separator
+        if self.value_repr:
+            yield self.value_repr
+        elif self.children is not None:
+            if self.children:
+                yield self.open_brace
+                if self.is_tuple and not self.is_namedtuple and len(self.children) == 1:
+                    yield from self.children[0].iter_tokens()
+                    yield ","
+                else:
+                    for child in self.children:
+                        yield from child.iter_tokens()
+                        if not child.last:
+                            yield self.separator
+                yield self.close_brace
+            else:
+                yield self.empty
+
+    def check_length(self, start_length: int, max_length: int) -> bool:
+        """Check the length fits within a limit.
+
+        Args:
+            start_length (int): Starting length of the line (indent, prefix, suffix).
+            max_length (int): Maximum length.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the node can be rendered within max length, otherwise False.
+        """
+        total_length = start_length
+        for token in self.iter_tokens():
+            total_length += cell_len(token)
+            if total_length > max_length:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        repr_text = "".join(self.iter_tokens())
+        return repr_text
+
+    def render(
+        self, max_width: int = 80, indent_size: int = 4, expand_all: bool = False
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render the node to a pretty repr.
+
+        Args:
+            max_width (int, optional): Maximum width of the repr. Defaults to 80.
+            indent_size (int, optional): Size of indents. Defaults to 4.
+            expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all levels. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A repr string of the original object.
+        """
+        lines = [_Line(node=self, is_root=True)]
+        line_no = 0
+        while line_no < len(lines):
+            line = lines[line_no]
+            if line.expandable and not line.expanded:
+                if expand_all or not line.check_length(max_width):
+                    lines[line_no : line_no + 1] = line.expand(indent_size)
+            line_no += 1
+
+        repr_str = "\n".join(str(line) for line in lines)
+        return repr_str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _Line:
+    """A line in repr output."""
+
+    parent: Optional["_Line"] = None
+    is_root: bool = False
+    node: Optional[Node] = None
+    text: str = ""
+    suffix: str = ""
+    whitespace: str = ""
+    expanded: bool = False
+    last: bool = False
+
+    @property
+    def expandable(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the line may be expanded."""
+        return bool(self.node is not None and self.node.children)
+
+    def check_length(self, max_length: int) -> bool:
+        """Check this line fits within a given number of cells."""
+        start_length = (
+            len(self.whitespace) + cell_len(self.text) + cell_len(self.suffix)
+        )
+        assert self.node is not None
+        return self.node.check_length(start_length, max_length)
+
+    def expand(self, indent_size: int) -> Iterable["_Line"]:
+        """Expand this line by adding children on their own line."""
+        node = self.node
+        assert node is not None
+        whitespace = self.whitespace
+        assert node.children
+        if node.key_repr:
+            new_line = yield _Line(
+                text=f"{node.key_repr}{node.key_separator}{node.open_brace}",
+                whitespace=whitespace,
+            )
+        else:
+            new_line = yield _Line(text=node.open_brace, whitespace=whitespace)
+        child_whitespace = self.whitespace + " " * indent_size
+        tuple_of_one = node.is_tuple and len(node.children) == 1
+        for last, child in loop_last(node.children):
+            separator = "," if tuple_of_one else node.separator
+            line = _Line(
+                parent=new_line,
+                node=child,
+                whitespace=child_whitespace,
+                suffix=separator,
+                last=last and not tuple_of_one,
+            )
+            yield line
+
+        yield _Line(
+            text=node.close_brace,
+            whitespace=whitespace,
+            suffix=self.suffix,
+            last=self.last,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.last:
+            return f"{self.whitespace}{self.text}{self.node or ''}"
+        else:
+            return (
+                f"{self.whitespace}{self.text}{self.node or ''}{self.suffix.rstrip()}"
+            )
+
+
+def _is_namedtuple(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    """Checks if an object is most likely a namedtuple. It is possible
+    to craft an object that passes this check and isn't a namedtuple, but
+    there is only a minuscule chance of this happening unintentionally.
+
+    Args:
+        obj (Any): The object to test
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the object is a namedtuple. False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        fields = getattr(obj, "_fields", None)
+    except Exception:
+        # Being very defensive - if we cannot get the attr then its not a namedtuple
+        return False
+    return isinstance(obj, tuple) and isinstance(fields, tuple)
+
+
+def traverse(
+    _object: Any,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> Node:
+    """Traverse object and generate a tree.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to be traversed.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable truncating.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of data structures, or None for no maximum.
+            Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        Node: The root of a tree structure which can be used to render a pretty repr.
+    """
+
+    def to_repr(obj: Any) -> str:
+        """Get repr string for an object, but catch errors."""
+        if (
+            max_string is not None
+            and _safe_isinstance(obj, (bytes, str))
+            and len(obj) > max_string
+        ):
+            truncated = len(obj) - max_string
+            obj_repr = f"{obj[:max_string]!r}+{truncated}"
+        else:
+            try:
+                obj_repr = repr(obj)
+            except Exception as error:
+                obj_repr = f"<repr-error {str(error)!r}>"
+        return obj_repr
+
+    visited_ids: Set[int] = set()
+    push_visited = visited_ids.add
+    pop_visited = visited_ids.remove
+
+    def _traverse(obj: Any, root: bool = False, depth: int = 0) -> Node:
+        """Walk the object depth first."""
+
+        obj_id = id(obj)
+        if obj_id in visited_ids:
+            # Recursion detected
+            return Node(value_repr="...")
+
+        obj_type = type(obj)
+        children: List[Node]
+        reached_max_depth = max_depth is not None and depth >= max_depth
+
+        def iter_rich_args(rich_args: Any) -> Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[str, Any]]]:
+            for arg in rich_args:
+                if _safe_isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                    if len(arg) == 3:
+                        key, child, default = arg
+                        if default == child:
+                            continue
+                        yield key, child
+                    elif len(arg) == 2:
+                        key, child = arg
+                        yield key, child
+                    elif len(arg) == 1:
+                        yield arg[0]
+                else:
+                    yield arg
+
+        try:
+            fake_attributes = hasattr(
+                obj, "awehoi234_wdfjwljet234_234wdfoijsdfmmnxpi492"
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            fake_attributes = False
+
+        rich_repr_result: Optional[RichReprResult] = None
+        if not fake_attributes:
+            try:
+                if hasattr(obj, "__rich_repr__") and not isclass(obj):
+                    rich_repr_result = obj.__rich_repr__()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        if rich_repr_result is not None:
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            angular = getattr(obj.__rich_repr__, "angular", False)
+            args = list(iter_rich_args(rich_repr_result))
+            class_name = obj.__class__.__name__
+
+            if args:
+                children = []
+                append = children.append
+
+                if reached_max_depth:
+                    if angular:
+                        node = Node(value_repr=f"<{class_name}...>")
+                    else:
+                        node = Node(value_repr=f"{class_name}(...)")
+                else:
+                    if angular:
+                        node = Node(
+                            open_brace=f"<{class_name} ",
+                            close_brace=">",
+                            children=children,
+                            last=root,
+                            separator=" ",
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        node = Node(
+                            open_brace=f"{class_name}(",
+                            close_brace=")",
+                            children=children,
+                            last=root,
+                        )
+                    for last, arg in loop_last(args):
+                        if _safe_isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                            key, child = arg
+                            child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                            child_node.last = last
+                            child_node.key_repr = key
+                            child_node.key_separator = "="
+                            append(child_node)
+                        else:
+                            child_node = _traverse(arg, depth=depth + 1)
+                            child_node.last = last
+                            append(child_node)
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"<{class_name}>" if angular else f"{class_name}()",
+                    children=[],
+                    last=root,
+                )
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _is_attr_object(obj) and not fake_attributes:
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            children = []
+            append = children.append
+
+            attr_fields = _get_attr_fields(obj)
+            if attr_fields:
+                if reached_max_depth:
+                    node = Node(value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(...)")
+                else:
+                    node = Node(
+                        open_brace=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(",
+                        close_brace=")",
+                        children=children,
+                        last=root,
+                    )
+
+                    def iter_attrs() -> Iterable[
+                        Tuple[str, Any, Optional[Callable[[Any], str]]]
+                    ]:
+                        """Iterate over attr fields and values."""
+                        for attr in attr_fields:
+                            if attr.repr:
+                                try:
+                                    value = getattr(obj, attr.name)
+                                except Exception as error:
+                                    # Can happen, albeit rarely
+                                    yield (attr.name, error, None)
+                                else:
+                                    yield (
+                                        attr.name,
+                                        value,
+                                        attr.repr if callable(attr.repr) else None,
+                                    )
+
+                    for last, (name, value, repr_callable) in loop_last(iter_attrs()):
+                        if repr_callable:
+                            child_node = Node(value_repr=str(repr_callable(value)))
+                        else:
+                            child_node = _traverse(value, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.last = last
+                        child_node.key_repr = name
+                        child_node.key_separator = "="
+                        append(child_node)
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}()", children=[], last=root
+                )
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif (
+            is_dataclass(obj)
+            and not _safe_isinstance(obj, type)
+            and not fake_attributes
+            and _is_dataclass_repr(obj)
+        ):
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            children = []
+            append = children.append
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                node = Node(value_repr=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(...)")
+            else:
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}(",
+                    close_brace=")",
+                    children=children,
+                    last=root,
+                    empty=f"{obj.__class__.__name__}()",
+                )
+
+                for last, field in loop_last(
+                    field for field in fields(obj) if field.repr
+                ):
+                    child_node = _traverse(getattr(obj, field.name), depth=depth + 1)
+                    child_node.key_repr = field.name
+                    child_node.last = last
+                    child_node.key_separator = "="
+                    append(child_node)
+
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _is_namedtuple(obj) and _has_default_namedtuple_repr(obj):
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+            class_name = obj.__class__.__name__
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                # If we've reached the max depth, we still show the class name, but not its contents
+                node = Node(
+                    value_repr=f"{class_name}(...)",
+                )
+            else:
+                children = []
+                append = children.append
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=f"{class_name}(",
+                    close_brace=")",
+                    children=children,
+                    empty=f"{class_name}()",
+                )
+                for last, (key, value) in loop_last(obj._asdict().items()):
+                    child_node = _traverse(value, depth=depth + 1)
+                    child_node.key_repr = key
+                    child_node.last = last
+                    child_node.key_separator = "="
+                    append(child_node)
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        elif _safe_isinstance(obj, _CONTAINERS):
+            for container_type in _CONTAINERS:
+                if _safe_isinstance(obj, container_type):
+                    obj_type = container_type
+                    break
+
+            push_visited(obj_id)
+
+            open_brace, close_brace, empty = _BRACES[obj_type](obj)
+
+            if reached_max_depth:
+                node = Node(value_repr=f"{open_brace}...{close_brace}")
+            elif obj_type.__repr__ != type(obj).__repr__:
+                node = Node(value_repr=to_repr(obj), last=root)
+            elif obj:
+                children = []
+                node = Node(
+                    open_brace=open_brace,
+                    close_brace=close_brace,
+                    children=children,
+                    last=root,
+                )
+                append = children.append
+                num_items = len(obj)
+                last_item_index = num_items - 1
+
+                if _safe_isinstance(obj, _MAPPING_CONTAINERS):
+                    iter_items = iter(obj.items())
+                    if max_length is not None:
+                        iter_items = islice(iter_items, max_length)
+                    for index, (key, child) in enumerate(iter_items):
+                        child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.key_repr = to_repr(key)
+                        child_node.last = index == last_item_index
+                        append(child_node)
+                else:
+                    iter_values = iter(obj)
+                    if max_length is not None:
+                        iter_values = islice(iter_values, max_length)
+                    for index, child in enumerate(iter_values):
+                        child_node = _traverse(child, depth=depth + 1)
+                        child_node.last = index == last_item_index
+                        append(child_node)
+                if max_length is not None and num_items > max_length:
+                    append(Node(value_repr=f"... +{num_items - max_length}", last=True))
+            else:
+                node = Node(empty=empty, children=[], last=root)
+
+            pop_visited(obj_id)
+        else:
+            node = Node(value_repr=to_repr(obj), last=root)
+        node.is_tuple = _safe_isinstance(obj, tuple)
+        node.is_namedtuple = _is_namedtuple(obj)
+        return node
+
+    node = _traverse(_object, root=True)
+    return node
+
+
+def pretty_repr(
+    _object: Any,
+    *,
+    max_width: int = 80,
+    indent_size: int = 4,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Prettify repr string by expanding on to new lines to fit within a given width.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to repr.
+        max_width (int, optional): Desired maximum width of repr string. Defaults to 80.
+        indent_size (int, optional): Number of spaces to indent. Defaults to 4.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable truncating.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth of nested data structure, or None for no depth.
+            Defaults to None.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers regardless of available width. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: A possibly multi-line representation of the object.
+    """
+
+    if _safe_isinstance(_object, Node):
+        node = _object
+    else:
+        node = traverse(
+            _object, max_length=max_length, max_string=max_string, max_depth=max_depth
+        )
+    repr_str: str = node.render(
+        max_width=max_width, indent_size=indent_size, expand_all=expand_all
+    )
+    return repr_str
+
+
+def pprint(
+    _object: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Optional["Console"] = None,
+    indent_guides: bool = True,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_depth: Optional[int] = None,
+    expand_all: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """A convenience function for pretty printing.
+
+    Args:
+        _object (Any): Object to pretty print.
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance, or None to use default. Defaults to None.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of strings before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+        max_depth (int, optional): Maximum depth for nested data structures, or None for unlimited depth. Defaults to None.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to True.
+        expand_all (bool, optional): Expand all containers. Defaults to False.
+    """
+    _console = get_console() if console is None else console
+    _console.print(
+        Pretty(
+            _object,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            max_string=max_string,
+            max_depth=max_depth,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            expand_all=expand_all,
+            overflow="ignore",
+        ),
+        soft_wrap=True,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class BrokenRepr:
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            1 / 0
+            return "this will fail"
+
+    from typing import NamedTuple
+
+    class StockKeepingUnit(NamedTuple):
+        name: str
+        description: str
+        price: float
+        category: str
+        reviews: List[str]
+
+    d = defaultdict(int)
+    d["foo"] = 5
+    data = {
+        "foo": [
+            1,
+            "Hello World!",
+            100.123,
+            323.232,
+            432324.0,
+            {5, 6, 7, (1, 2, 3, 4), 8},
+        ],
+        "bar": frozenset({1, 2, 3}),
+        "defaultdict": defaultdict(
+            list, {"crumble": ["apple", "rhubarb", "butter", "sugar", "flour"]}
+        ),
+        "counter": Counter(
+            [
+                "apple",
+                "orange",
+                "pear",
+                "kumquat",
+                "kumquat",
+                "durian" * 100,
+            ]
+        ),
+        "atomic": (False, True, None),
+        "namedtuple": StockKeepingUnit(
+            "Sparkling British Spring Water",
+            "Carbonated spring water",
+            0.9,
+            "water",
+            ["its amazing!", "its terrible!"],
+        ),
+        "Broken": BrokenRepr(),
+    }
+    data["foo"].append(data)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    # print(Pretty(data, indent_guides=True, max_string=20))
+
+    class Thing:
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return "Hello\x1b[38;5;239m World!"
+
+    print(Pretty(Thing()))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b0a315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1702 @@
+import io
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections import deque
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import timedelta
+from io import RawIOBase, UnsupportedOperation
+from math import ceil
+from mmap import mmap
+from operator import length_hint
+from os import PathLike, stat
+from threading import Event, RLock, Thread
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    ContextManager,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+else:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+from . import filesize, get_console
+from .console import Console, Group, JustifyMethod, RenderableType
+from .highlighter import Highlighter
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live import Live
+from .progress_bar import ProgressBar
+from .spinner import Spinner
+from .style import StyleType
+from .table import Column, Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+TaskID = NewType("TaskID", int)
+
+ProgressType = TypeVar("ProgressType")
+
+GetTimeCallable = Callable[[], float]
+
+
+_I = typing.TypeVar("_I", TextIO, BinaryIO)
+
+
+class _TrackThread(Thread):
+    """A thread to periodically update progress."""
+
+    def __init__(self, progress: "Progress", task_id: "TaskID", update_period: float):
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.task_id = task_id
+        self.update_period = update_period
+        self.done = Event()
+
+        self.completed = 0
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        task_id = self.task_id
+        advance = self.progress.advance
+        update_period = self.update_period
+        last_completed = 0
+        wait = self.done.wait
+        while not wait(update_period):
+            completed = self.completed
+            if last_completed != completed:
+                advance(task_id, completed - last_completed)
+                last_completed = completed
+
+        self.progress.update(self.task_id, completed=self.completed, refresh=True)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_TrackThread":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.done.set()
+        self.join()
+
+
+def track(
+    sequence: Union[Sequence[ProgressType], Iterable[ProgressType]],
+    description: str = "Working...",
+    total: Optional[float] = None,
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    update_period: float = 0.1,
+    disable: bool = False,
+    show_speed: bool = True,
+) -> Iterable[ProgressType]:
+    """Track progress by iterating over a sequence.
+
+    Args:
+        sequence (Iterable[ProgressType]): A sequence (must support "len") you wish to iterate over.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Working".
+        total: (float, optional): Total number of steps. Default is len(sequence).
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        update_period (float, optional): Minimum time (in seconds) between calls to update(). Defaults to 0.1.
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+        show_speed (bool, optional): Show speed if total isn't known. Defaults to True.
+    Returns:
+        Iterable[ProgressType]: An iterable of the values in the sequence.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            TaskProgressColumn(show_speed=show_speed),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(elapsed_when_finished=True),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    with progress:
+        yield from progress.track(
+            sequence, total=total, description=description, update_period=update_period
+        )
+
+
+class _Reader(RawIOBase, BinaryIO):
+    """A reader that tracks progress while it's being read from."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handle: BinaryIO,
+        progress: "Progress",
+        task: TaskID,
+        close_handle: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.handle = handle
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.task = task
+        self.close_handle = close_handle
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "_Reader":
+        self.handle.__enter__()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.close()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> BinaryIO:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> bytes:
+        line = next(self.handle)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(line))
+        return line
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        return self._closed
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        return self.handle.fileno()
+
+    def isatty(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.isatty()
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> str:
+        return self.handle.mode
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.handle.name
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.readable()
+
+    def seekable(self) -> bool:
+        return self.handle.seekable()
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        block = self.handle.read(size)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(block))
+        return block
+
+    def readinto(self, b: Union[bytearray, memoryview, mmap]):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def, override]
+        n = self.handle.readinto(b)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=n)
+        return n
+
+    def readline(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:  # type: ignore[override]
+        line = self.handle.readline(size)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=len(line))
+        return line
+
+    def readlines(self, hint: int = -1) -> List[bytes]:
+        lines = self.handle.readlines(hint)
+        self.progress.advance(self.task, advance=sum(map(len, lines)))
+        return lines
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        if self.close_handle:
+            self.handle.close()
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> int:
+        pos = self.handle.seek(offset, whence)
+        self.progress.update(self.task, completed=pos)
+        return pos
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        return self.handle.tell()
+
+    def write(self, s: Any) -> int:
+        raise UnsupportedOperation("write")
+
+
+class _ReadContext(ContextManager[_I], Generic[_I]):
+    """A utility class to handle a context for both a reader and a progress."""
+
+    def __init__(self, progress: "Progress", reader: _I) -> None:
+        self.progress = progress
+        self.reader: _I = reader
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> _I:
+        self.progress.start()
+        return self.reader.__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.progress.stop()
+        self.reader.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
+
+
+def wrap_file(
+    file: BinaryIO,
+    total: int,
+    *,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[BinaryIO]:
+    """Read bytes from a file while tracking progress.
+
+    Args:
+        file (Union[str, PathLike[str], BinaryIO]): The path to the file to read, or a file-like object in binary mode.
+        total (int): Total number of bytes to read.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Reading".
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+    Returns:
+        ContextManager[BinaryIO]: A context manager yielding a progress reader.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    reader = progress.wrap_file(file, total=total, description=description)
+    return _ReadContext(progress, reader)
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Union[Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]],
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[TextIO]:
+    pass
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Literal["rb"],
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> ContextManager[BinaryIO]:
+    pass
+
+
+def open(
+    file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+    mode: Union[Literal["rb"], Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]] = "r",
+    buffering: int = -1,
+    encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+    errors: Optional[str] = None,
+    newline: Optional[str] = None,
+    *,
+    total: Optional[int] = None,
+    description: str = "Reading...",
+    auto_refresh: bool = True,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    transient: bool = False,
+    get_time: Optional[Callable[[], float]] = None,
+    refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+    style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+    complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+    finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+    pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+    disable: bool = False,
+) -> Union[ContextManager[BinaryIO], ContextManager[TextIO]]:
+    """Read bytes from a file while tracking progress.
+
+    Args:
+        path (Union[str, PathLike[str], BinaryIO]): The path to the file to read, or a file-like object in binary mode.
+        mode (str): The mode to use to open the file. Only supports "r", "rb" or "rt".
+        buffering (int): The buffering strategy to use, see :func:`io.open`.
+        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+        errors (str, optional): The error handling strategy for decoding errors, see :func:`io.open`.
+        newline (str, optional): The strategy for handling newlines in text mode, see :func:`io.open`
+        total: (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. Must be provided if reading from a file handle. Default for a path is os.stat(file).st_size.
+        description (str, optional): Description of task show next to progress bar. Defaults to "Reading".
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Automatic refresh, disable to force a refresh after each iteration. Default is True.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        console (Console, optional): Console to write to. Default creates internal Console instance.
+        refresh_per_second (float): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information. Defaults to 10.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable display of progress.
+        encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        ContextManager[BinaryIO]: A context manager yielding a progress reader.
+
+    """
+
+    columns: List["ProgressColumn"] = (
+        [TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}")] if description else []
+    )
+    columns.extend(
+        (
+            BarColumn(
+                style=style,
+                complete_style=complete_style,
+                finished_style=finished_style,
+                pulse_style=pulse_style,
+            ),
+            DownloadColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+    )
+    progress = Progress(
+        *columns,
+        auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+        console=console,
+        transient=transient,
+        get_time=get_time,
+        refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second or 10,
+        disable=disable,
+    )
+
+    reader = progress.open(
+        file,
+        mode=mode,
+        buffering=buffering,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        errors=errors,
+        newline=newline,
+        total=total,
+        description=description,
+    )
+    return _ReadContext(progress, reader)  # type: ignore[return-value, type-var]
+
+
+class ProgressColumn(ABC):
+    """Base class for a widget to use in progress display."""
+
+    max_refresh: Optional[float] = None
+
+    def __init__(self, table_column: Optional[Column] = None) -> None:
+        self._table_column = table_column
+        self._renderable_cache: Dict[TaskID, Tuple[float, RenderableType]] = {}
+        self._update_time: Optional[float] = None
+
+    def get_table_column(self) -> Column:
+        """Get a table column, used to build tasks table."""
+        return self._table_column or Column()
+
+    def __call__(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        """Called by the Progress object to return a renderable for the given task.
+
+        Args:
+            task (Task): An object containing information regarding the task.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: Anything renderable (including str).
+        """
+        current_time = task.get_time()
+        if self.max_refresh is not None and not task.completed:
+            try:
+                timestamp, renderable = self._renderable_cache[task.id]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if timestamp + self.max_refresh > current_time:
+                    return renderable
+
+        renderable = self.render(task)
+        self._renderable_cache[task.id] = (current_time, renderable)
+        return renderable
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        """Should return a renderable object."""
+
+
+class RenderableColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column to insert an arbitrary column.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Any renderable. Defaults to empty string.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, renderable: RenderableType = "", *, table_column: Optional[Column] = None
+    ):
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        return self.renderable
+
+
+class SpinnerColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column with a 'spinner' animation.
+
+    Args:
+        spinner_name (str, optional): Name of spinner animation. Defaults to "dots".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "progress.spinner".
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor of spinner. Defaults to 1.0.
+        finished_text (TextType, optional): Text used when task is finished. Defaults to " ".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        spinner_name: str = "dots",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = "progress.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        finished_text: TextType = " ",
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ):
+        self.spinner = Spinner(spinner_name, style=style, speed=speed)
+        self.finished_text = (
+            Text.from_markup(finished_text)
+            if isinstance(finished_text, str)
+            else finished_text
+        )
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def set_spinner(
+        self,
+        spinner_name: str,
+        spinner_style: Optional[StyleType] = "progress.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set a new spinner.
+
+        Args:
+            spinner_name (str): Spinner name, see python -m rich.spinner.
+            spinner_style (Optional[StyleType], optional): Spinner style. Defaults to "progress.spinner".
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor of spinner. Defaults to 1.0.
+        """
+        self.spinner = Spinner(spinner_name, style=spinner_style, speed=speed)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> RenderableType:
+        text = (
+            self.finished_text
+            if task.finished
+            else self.spinner.render(task.get_time())
+        )
+        return text
+
+
+class TextColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """A column containing text."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text_format: str,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        justify: JustifyMethod = "left",
+        markup: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.text_format = text_format
+        self.justify: JustifyMethod = justify
+        self.style = style
+        self.markup = markup
+        self.highlighter = highlighter
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column or Column(no_wrap=True))
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        _text = self.text_format.format(task=task)
+        if self.markup:
+            text = Text.from_markup(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        else:
+            text = Text(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        if self.highlighter:
+            self.highlighter.highlight(text)
+        return text
+
+
+class BarColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders a visual progress bar.
+
+    Args:
+        bar_width (Optional[int], optional): Width of bar or None for full width. Defaults to 40.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        bar_width: Optional[int] = 40,
+        style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+        complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+        finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+        pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.bar_width = bar_width
+        self.style = style
+        self.complete_style = complete_style
+        self.finished_style = finished_style
+        self.pulse_style = pulse_style
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> ProgressBar:
+        """Gets a progress bar widget for a task."""
+        return ProgressBar(
+            total=max(0, task.total) if task.total is not None else None,
+            completed=max(0, task.completed),
+            width=None if self.bar_width is None else max(1, self.bar_width),
+            pulse=not task.started,
+            animation_time=task.get_time(),
+            style=self.style,
+            complete_style=self.complete_style,
+            finished_style=self.finished_style,
+            pulse_style=self.pulse_style,
+        )
+
+
+class TimeElapsedColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders time elapsed."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show time elapsed."""
+        elapsed = task.finished_time if task.finished else task.elapsed
+        if elapsed is None:
+            return Text("-:--:--", style="progress.elapsed")
+        delta = timedelta(seconds=int(elapsed))
+        return Text(str(delta), style="progress.elapsed")
+
+
+class TaskProgressColumn(TextColumn):
+    """Show task progress as a percentage.
+
+    Args:
+        text_format (str, optional): Format for percentage display. Defaults to "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%".
+        text_format_no_percentage (str, optional): Format if percentage is unknown. Defaults to "".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of output. Defaults to "none".
+        justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Text justification. Defaults to "left".
+        markup (bool, optional): Enable markup. Defaults to True.
+        highlighter (Optional[Highlighter], optional): Highlighter to apply to output. Defaults to None.
+        table_column (Optional[Column], optional): Table Column to use. Defaults to None.
+        show_speed (bool, optional): Show speed if total is unknown. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text_format: str = "[progress.percentage]{task.percentage:>3.0f}%",
+        text_format_no_percentage: str = "",
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        justify: JustifyMethod = "left",
+        markup: bool = True,
+        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+        show_speed: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.text_format_no_percentage = text_format_no_percentage
+        self.show_speed = show_speed
+        super().__init__(
+            text_format=text_format,
+            style=style,
+            justify=justify,
+            markup=markup,
+            highlighter=highlighter,
+            table_column=table_column,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def render_speed(cls, speed: Optional[float]) -> Text:
+        """Render the speed in iterations per second.
+
+        Args:
+            task (Task): A Task object.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text object containing the task speed.
+        """
+        if speed is None:
+            return Text("", style="progress.percentage")
+        unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+            int(speed),
+            ["", "×10³", "×10⁶", "×10⁹", "×10¹²"],
+            1000,
+        )
+        data_speed = speed / unit
+        return Text(f"{data_speed:.1f}{suffix} it/s", style="progress.percentage")
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        if task.total is None and self.show_speed:
+            return self.render_speed(task.finished_speed or task.speed)
+        text_format = (
+            self.text_format_no_percentage if task.total is None else self.text_format
+        )
+        _text = text_format.format(task=task)
+        if self.markup:
+            text = Text.from_markup(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        else:
+            text = Text(_text, style=self.style, justify=self.justify)
+        if self.highlighter:
+            self.highlighter.highlight(text)
+        return text
+
+
+class TimeRemainingColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders estimated time remaining.
+
+    Args:
+        compact (bool, optional): Render MM:SS when time remaining is less than an hour. Defaults to False.
+        elapsed_when_finished (bool, optional): Render time elapsed when the task is finished. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    # Only refresh twice a second to prevent jitter
+    max_refresh = 0.5
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        compact: bool = False,
+        elapsed_when_finished: bool = False,
+        table_column: Optional[Column] = None,
+    ):
+        self.compact = compact
+        self.elapsed_when_finished = elapsed_when_finished
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show time remaining."""
+        if self.elapsed_when_finished and task.finished:
+            task_time = task.finished_time
+            style = "progress.elapsed"
+        else:
+            task_time = task.time_remaining
+            style = "progress.remaining"
+
+        if task.total is None:
+            return Text("", style=style)
+
+        if task_time is None:
+            return Text("--:--" if self.compact else "-:--:--", style=style)
+
+        # Based on https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/std.py
+        minutes, seconds = divmod(int(task_time), 60)
+        hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+
+        if self.compact and not hours:
+            formatted = f"{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+        else:
+            formatted = f"{hours:d}:{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+
+        return Text(formatted, style=style)
+
+
+class FileSizeColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders completed filesize."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data completed."""
+        data_size = filesize.decimal(int(task.completed))
+        return Text(data_size, style="progress.filesize")
+
+
+class TotalFileSizeColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders total filesize."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data completed."""
+        data_size = filesize.decimal(int(task.total)) if task.total is not None else ""
+        return Text(data_size, style="progress.filesize.total")
+
+
+class MofNCompleteColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders completed count/total, e.g. '  10/1000'.
+
+    Best for bounded tasks with int quantities.
+
+    Space pads the completed count so that progress length does not change as task progresses
+    past powers of 10.
+
+    Args:
+        separator (str, optional): Text to separate completed and total values. Defaults to "/".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, separator: str = "/", table_column: Optional[Column] = None):
+        self.separator = separator
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show completed/total."""
+        completed = int(task.completed)
+        total = int(task.total) if task.total is not None else "?"
+        total_width = len(str(total))
+        return Text(
+            f"{completed:{total_width}d}{self.separator}{total}",
+            style="progress.download",
+        )
+
+
+class DownloadColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders file size downloaded and total, e.g. '0.5/2.3 GB'.
+
+    Args:
+        binary_units (bool, optional): Use binary units, KiB, MiB etc. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, binary_units: bool = False, table_column: Optional[Column] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        self.binary_units = binary_units
+        super().__init__(table_column=table_column)
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Calculate common unit for completed and total."""
+        completed = int(task.completed)
+
+        unit_and_suffix_calculation_base = (
+            int(task.total) if task.total is not None else completed
+        )
+        if self.binary_units:
+            unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+                unit_and_suffix_calculation_base,
+                ["bytes", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB", "PiB", "EiB", "ZiB", "YiB"],
+                1024,
+            )
+        else:
+            unit, suffix = filesize.pick_unit_and_suffix(
+                unit_and_suffix_calculation_base,
+                ["bytes", "kB", "MB", "GB", "TB", "PB", "EB", "ZB", "YB"],
+                1000,
+            )
+        precision = 0 if unit == 1 else 1
+
+        completed_ratio = completed / unit
+        completed_str = f"{completed_ratio:,.{precision}f}"
+
+        if task.total is not None:
+            total = int(task.total)
+            total_ratio = total / unit
+            total_str = f"{total_ratio:,.{precision}f}"
+        else:
+            total_str = "?"
+
+        download_status = f"{completed_str}/{total_str} {suffix}"
+        download_text = Text(download_status, style="progress.download")
+        return download_text
+
+
+class TransferSpeedColumn(ProgressColumn):
+    """Renders human readable transfer speed."""
+
+    def render(self, task: "Task") -> Text:
+        """Show data transfer speed."""
+        speed = task.finished_speed or task.speed
+        if speed is None:
+            return Text("?", style="progress.data.speed")
+        data_speed = filesize.decimal(int(speed))
+        return Text(f"{data_speed}/s", style="progress.data.speed")
+
+
+class ProgressSample(NamedTuple):
+    """Sample of progress for a given time."""
+
+    timestamp: float
+    """Timestamp of sample."""
+    completed: float
+    """Number of steps completed."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Task:
+    """Information regarding a progress task.
+
+    This object should be considered read-only outside of the :class:`~Progress` class.
+
+    """
+
+    id: TaskID
+    """Task ID associated with this task (used in Progress methods)."""
+
+    description: str
+    """str: Description of the task."""
+
+    total: Optional[float]
+    """Optional[float]: Total number of steps in this task."""
+
+    completed: float
+    """float: Number of steps completed"""
+
+    _get_time: GetTimeCallable
+    """Callable to get the current time."""
+
+    finished_time: Optional[float] = None
+    """float: Time task was finished."""
+
+    visible: bool = True
+    """bool: Indicates if this task is visible in the progress display."""
+
+    fields: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    """dict: Arbitrary fields passed in via Progress.update."""
+
+    start_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)
+    """Optional[float]: Time this task was started, or None if not started."""
+
+    stop_time: Optional[float] = field(default=None, init=False, repr=False)
+    """Optional[float]: Time this task was stopped, or None if not stopped."""
+
+    finished_speed: Optional[float] = None
+    """Optional[float]: The last speed for a finished task."""
+
+    _progress: Deque[ProgressSample] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: deque(maxlen=1000), init=False, repr=False
+    )
+
+    _lock: RLock = field(repr=False, default_factory=RLock)
+    """Thread lock."""
+
+    def get_time(self) -> float:
+        """float: Get the current time, in seconds."""
+        return self._get_time()
+
+    @property
+    def started(self) -> bool:
+        """bool: Check if the task as started."""
+        return self.start_time is not None
+
+    @property
+    def remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get the number of steps remaining, if a non-None total was set."""
+        if self.total is None:
+            return None
+        return self.total - self.completed
+
+    @property
+    def elapsed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Time elapsed since task was started, or ``None`` if the task hasn't started."""
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            return None
+        if self.stop_time is not None:
+            return self.stop_time - self.start_time
+        return self.get_time() - self.start_time
+
+    @property
+    def finished(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the task has finished."""
+        return self.finished_time is not None
+
+    @property
+    def percentage(self) -> float:
+        """float: Get progress of task as a percentage. If a None total was set, returns 0"""
+        if not self.total:
+            return 0.0
+        completed = (self.completed / self.total) * 100.0
+        completed = min(100.0, max(0.0, completed))
+        return completed
+
+    @property
+    def speed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get the estimated speed in steps per second."""
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            return None
+        with self._lock:
+            progress = self._progress
+            if not progress:
+                return None
+            total_time = progress[-1].timestamp - progress[0].timestamp
+            if total_time == 0:
+                return None
+            iter_progress = iter(progress)
+            next(iter_progress)
+            total_completed = sum(sample.completed for sample in iter_progress)
+            speed = total_completed / total_time
+            return speed
+
+    @property
+    def time_remaining(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Optional[float]: Get estimated time to completion, or ``None`` if no data."""
+        if self.finished:
+            return 0.0
+        speed = self.speed
+        if not speed:
+            return None
+        remaining = self.remaining
+        if remaining is None:
+            return None
+        estimate = ceil(remaining / speed)
+        return estimate
+
+    def _reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset progress."""
+        self._progress.clear()
+        self.finished_time = None
+        self.finished_speed = None
+
+
+class Progress(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders an auto-updating progress bar(s).
+
+    Args:
+        console (Console, optional): Optional Console instance. Default will an internal Console instance writing to stdout.
+        auto_refresh (bool, optional): Enable auto refresh. If disabled, you will need to call `refresh()`.
+        refresh_per_second (Optional[float], optional): Number of times per second to refresh the progress information or None to use default (10). Defaults to None.
+        speed_estimate_period: (float, optional): Period (in seconds) used to calculate the speed estimate. Defaults to 30.
+        transient: (bool, optional): Clear the progress on exit. Defaults to False.
+        redirect_stdout: (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stdout, so ``print`` may be used. Defaults to True.
+        redirect_stderr: (bool, optional): Enable redirection of stderr. Defaults to True.
+        get_time: (Callable, optional): A callable that gets the current time, or None to use Console.get_time. Defaults to None.
+        disable (bool, optional): Disable progress display. Defaults to False
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand tasks table to fit width. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *columns: Union[str, ProgressColumn],
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        auto_refresh: bool = True,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 10,
+        speed_estimate_period: float = 30.0,
+        transient: bool = False,
+        redirect_stdout: bool = True,
+        redirect_stderr: bool = True,
+        get_time: Optional[GetTimeCallable] = None,
+        disable: bool = False,
+        expand: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert refresh_per_second > 0, "refresh_per_second must be > 0"
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self.columns = columns or self.get_default_columns()
+        self.speed_estimate_period = speed_estimate_period
+
+        self.disable = disable
+        self.expand = expand
+        self._tasks: Dict[TaskID, Task] = {}
+        self._task_index: TaskID = TaskID(0)
+        self.live = Live(
+            console=console or get_console(),
+            auto_refresh=auto_refresh,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+            transient=transient,
+            redirect_stdout=redirect_stdout,
+            redirect_stderr=redirect_stderr,
+            get_renderable=self.get_renderable,
+        )
+        self.get_time = get_time or self.console.get_time
+        self.print = self.console.print
+        self.log = self.console.log
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_default_columns(cls) -> Tuple[ProgressColumn, ...]:
+        """Get the default columns used for a new Progress instance:
+           - a text column for the description (TextColumn)
+           - the bar itself (BarColumn)
+           - a text column showing completion percentage (TextColumn)
+           - an estimated-time-remaining column (TimeRemainingColumn)
+        If the Progress instance is created without passing a columns argument,
+        the default columns defined here will be used.
+
+        You can also create a Progress instance using custom columns before
+        and/or after the defaults, as in this example:
+
+            progress = Progress(
+                SpinnerColumn(),
+                *Progress.default_columns(),
+                "Elapsed:",
+                TimeElapsedColumn(),
+            )
+
+        This code shows the creation of a Progress display, containing
+        a spinner to the left, the default columns, and a labeled elapsed
+        time column.
+        """
+        return (
+            TextColumn("[progress.description]{task.description}"),
+            BarColumn(),
+            TaskProgressColumn(),
+            TimeRemainingColumn(),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def console(self) -> Console:
+        return self.live.console
+
+    @property
+    def tasks(self) -> List[Task]:
+        """Get a list of Task instances."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return list(self._tasks.values())
+
+    @property
+    def task_ids(self) -> List[TaskID]:
+        """A list of task IDs."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return list(self._tasks.keys())
+
+    @property
+    def finished(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if all tasks have been completed."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if not self._tasks:
+                return True
+            return all(task.finished for task in self._tasks.values())
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start the progress display."""
+        if not self.disable:
+            self.live.start(refresh=True)
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the progress display."""
+        self.live.stop()
+        if not self.console.is_interactive:
+            self.console.print()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Progress":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+    def track(
+        self,
+        sequence: Union[Iterable[ProgressType], Sequence[ProgressType]],
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Working...",
+        update_period: float = 0.1,
+    ) -> Iterable[ProgressType]:
+        """Track progress by iterating over a sequence.
+
+        Args:
+            sequence (Sequence[ProgressType]): A sequence of values you want to iterate over and track progress.
+            total: (float, optional): Total number of steps. Default is len(sequence).
+            task_id: (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description: (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+            update_period (float, optional): Minimum time (in seconds) between calls to update(). Defaults to 0.1.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[ProgressType]: An iterable of values taken from the provided sequence.
+        """
+        if total is None:
+            total = float(length_hint(sequence)) or None
+
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total)
+
+        if self.live.auto_refresh:
+            with _TrackThread(self, task_id, update_period) as track_thread:
+                for value in sequence:
+                    yield value
+                    track_thread.completed += 1
+        else:
+            advance = self.advance
+            refresh = self.refresh
+            for value in sequence:
+                yield value
+                advance(task_id, 1)
+                refresh()
+
+    def wrap_file(
+        self,
+        file: BinaryIO,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> BinaryIO:
+        """Track progress file reading from a binary file.
+
+        Args:
+            file (BinaryIO): A file-like object opened in binary mode.
+            total (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. This must be provided unless a task with a total is also given.
+            task_id (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+
+        Returns:
+            BinaryIO: A readable file-like object in binary mode.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When no total value can be extracted from the arguments or the task.
+        """
+        # attempt to recover the total from the task
+        total_bytes: Optional[float] = None
+        if total is not None:
+            total_bytes = total
+        elif task_id is not None:
+            with self._lock:
+                total_bytes = self._tasks[task_id].total
+        if total_bytes is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"unable to get the total number of bytes, please specify 'total'"
+            )
+
+        # update total of task or create new task
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total_bytes)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total_bytes)
+
+        return _Reader(file, self, task_id, close_handle=False)
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Literal["rb"],
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> BinaryIO:
+        pass
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Union[Literal["r"], Literal["rt"]],
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> TextIO:
+        pass
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        file: Union[str, "PathLike[str]", bytes],
+        mode: Union[Literal["rb"], Literal["rt"], Literal["r"]] = "r",
+        buffering: int = -1,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        errors: Optional[str] = None,
+        newline: Optional[str] = None,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[int] = None,
+        task_id: Optional[TaskID] = None,
+        description: str = "Reading...",
+    ) -> Union[BinaryIO, TextIO]:
+        """Track progress while reading from a binary file.
+
+        Args:
+            path (Union[str, PathLike[str]]): The path to the file to read.
+            mode (str): The mode to use to open the file. Only supports "r", "rb" or "rt".
+            buffering (int): The buffering strategy to use, see :func:`io.open`.
+            encoding (str, optional): The encoding to use when reading in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+            errors (str, optional): The error handling strategy for decoding errors, see :func:`io.open`.
+            newline (str, optional): The strategy for handling newlines in text mode, see :func:`io.open`.
+            total (int, optional): Total number of bytes to read. If none given, os.stat(path).st_size is used.
+            task_id (TaskID): Task to track. Default is new task.
+            description (str, optional): Description of task, if new task is created.
+
+        Returns:
+            BinaryIO: A readable file-like object in binary mode.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When an invalid mode is given.
+        """
+        # normalize the mode (always rb, rt)
+        _mode = "".join(sorted(mode, reverse=False))
+        if _mode not in ("br", "rt", "r"):
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode {!r}".format(mode))
+
+        # patch buffering to provide the same behaviour as the builtin `open`
+        line_buffering = buffering == 1
+        if _mode == "br" and buffering == 1:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "line buffering (buffering=1) isn't supported in binary mode, the default buffer size will be used",
+                RuntimeWarning,
+            )
+            buffering = -1
+        elif _mode in ("rt", "r"):
+            if buffering == 0:
+                raise ValueError("can't have unbuffered text I/O")
+            elif buffering == 1:
+                buffering = -1
+
+        # attempt to get the total with `os.stat`
+        if total is None:
+            total = stat(file).st_size
+
+        # update total of task or create new task
+        if task_id is None:
+            task_id = self.add_task(description, total=total)
+        else:
+            self.update(task_id, total=total)
+
+        # open the file in binary mode,
+        handle = io.open(file, "rb", buffering=buffering)
+        reader = _Reader(handle, self, task_id, close_handle=True)
+
+        # wrap the reader in a `TextIOWrapper` if text mode
+        if mode in ("r", "rt"):
+            return io.TextIOWrapper(
+                reader,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                errors=errors,
+                newline=newline,
+                line_buffering=line_buffering,
+            )
+
+        return reader
+
+    def start_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Start a task.
+
+        Starts a task (used when calculating elapsed time). You may need to call this manually,
+        if you called ``add_task`` with ``start=False``.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            if task.start_time is None:
+                task.start_time = self.get_time()
+
+    def stop_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Stop a task.
+
+        This will freeze the elapsed time on the task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            current_time = self.get_time()
+            if task.start_time is None:
+                task.start_time = current_time
+            task.stop_time = current_time
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        task_id: TaskID,
+        *,
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        completed: Optional[float] = None,
+        advance: Optional[float] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        visible: Optional[bool] = None,
+        refresh: bool = False,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update information associated with a task.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): Task id (returned by add_task).
+            total (float, optional): Updates task.total if not None.
+            completed (float, optional): Updates task.completed if not None.
+            advance (float, optional): Add a value to task.completed if not None.
+            description (str, optional): Change task description if not None.
+            visible (bool, optional): Set visible flag if not None.
+            refresh (bool): Force a refresh of progress information. Default is False.
+            **fields (Any): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            completed_start = task.completed
+
+            if total is not None and total != task.total:
+                task.total = total
+                task._reset()
+            if advance is not None:
+                task.completed += advance
+            if completed is not None:
+                task.completed = completed
+            if description is not None:
+                task.description = description
+            if visible is not None:
+                task.visible = visible
+            task.fields.update(fields)
+            update_completed = task.completed - completed_start
+
+            current_time = self.get_time()
+            old_sample_time = current_time - self.speed_estimate_period
+            _progress = task._progress
+
+            popleft = _progress.popleft
+            while _progress and _progress[0].timestamp < old_sample_time:
+                popleft()
+            if update_completed > 0:
+                _progress.append(ProgressSample(current_time, update_completed))
+            if (
+                task.total is not None
+                and task.completed >= task.total
+                and task.finished_time is None
+            ):
+                task.finished_time = task.elapsed
+
+        if refresh:
+            self.refresh()
+
+    def reset(
+        self,
+        task_id: TaskID,
+        *,
+        start: bool = True,
+        total: Optional[float] = None,
+        completed: int = 0,
+        visible: Optional[bool] = None,
+        description: Optional[str] = None,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reset a task so completed is 0 and the clock is reset.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+            start (bool, optional): Start the task after reset. Defaults to True.
+            total (float, optional): New total steps in task, or None to use current total. Defaults to None.
+            completed (int, optional): Number of steps completed. Defaults to 0.
+            visible (bool, optional): Enable display of the task. Defaults to True.
+            description (str, optional): Change task description if not None. Defaults to None.
+            **fields (str): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+        """
+        current_time = self.get_time()
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            task._reset()
+            task.start_time = current_time if start else None
+            if total is not None:
+                task.total = total
+            task.completed = completed
+            if visible is not None:
+                task.visible = visible
+            if fields:
+                task.fields = fields
+            if description is not None:
+                task.description = description
+            task.finished_time = None
+        self.refresh()
+
+    def advance(self, task_id: TaskID, advance: float = 1) -> None:
+        """Advance task by a number of steps.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): ID of task.
+            advance (float): Number of steps to advance. Default is 1.
+        """
+        current_time = self.get_time()
+        with self._lock:
+            task = self._tasks[task_id]
+            completed_start = task.completed
+            task.completed += advance
+            update_completed = task.completed - completed_start
+            old_sample_time = current_time - self.speed_estimate_period
+            _progress = task._progress
+
+            popleft = _progress.popleft
+            while _progress and _progress[0].timestamp < old_sample_time:
+                popleft()
+            while len(_progress) > 1000:
+                popleft()
+            _progress.append(ProgressSample(current_time, update_completed))
+            if (
+                task.total is not None
+                and task.completed >= task.total
+                and task.finished_time is None
+            ):
+                task.finished_time = task.elapsed
+                task.finished_speed = task.speed
+
+    def refresh(self) -> None:
+        """Refresh (render) the progress information."""
+        if not self.disable and self.live.is_started:
+            self.live.refresh()
+
+    def get_renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Get a renderable for the progress display."""
+        renderable = Group(*self.get_renderables())
+        return renderable
+
+    def get_renderables(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
+        """Get a number of renderables for the progress display."""
+        table = self.make_tasks_table(self.tasks)
+        yield table
+
+    def make_tasks_table(self, tasks: Iterable[Task]) -> Table:
+        """Get a table to render the Progress display.
+
+        Args:
+            tasks (Iterable[Task]): An iterable of Task instances, one per row of the table.
+
+        Returns:
+            Table: A table instance.
+        """
+        table_columns = (
+            (
+                Column(no_wrap=True)
+                if isinstance(_column, str)
+                else _column.get_table_column().copy()
+            )
+            for _column in self.columns
+        )
+        table = Table.grid(*table_columns, padding=(0, 1), expand=self.expand)
+
+        for task in tasks:
+            if task.visible:
+                table.add_row(
+                    *(
+                        (
+                            column.format(task=task)
+                            if isinstance(column, str)
+                            else column(task)
+                        )
+                        for column in self.columns
+                    )
+                )
+        return table
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> RenderableType:
+        """Makes the Progress class itself renderable."""
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.get_renderable()
+
+    def add_task(
+        self,
+        description: str,
+        start: bool = True,
+        total: Optional[float] = 100.0,
+        completed: int = 0,
+        visible: bool = True,
+        **fields: Any,
+    ) -> TaskID:
+        """Add a new 'task' to the Progress display.
+
+        Args:
+            description (str): A description of the task.
+            start (bool, optional): Start the task immediately (to calculate elapsed time). If set to False,
+                you will need to call `start` manually. Defaults to True.
+            total (float, optional): Number of total steps in the progress if known.
+                Set to None to render a pulsing animation. Defaults to 100.
+            completed (int, optional): Number of steps completed so far. Defaults to 0.
+            visible (bool, optional): Enable display of the task. Defaults to True.
+            **fields (str): Additional data fields required for rendering.
+
+        Returns:
+            TaskID: An ID you can use when calling `update`.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            task = Task(
+                self._task_index,
+                description,
+                total,
+                completed,
+                visible=visible,
+                fields=fields,
+                _get_time=self.get_time,
+                _lock=self._lock,
+            )
+            self._tasks[self._task_index] = task
+            if start:
+                self.start_task(self._task_index)
+            new_task_index = self._task_index
+            self._task_index = TaskID(int(self._task_index) + 1)
+        self.refresh()
+        return new_task_index
+
+    def remove_task(self, task_id: TaskID) -> None:
+        """Delete a task if it exists.
+
+        Args:
+            task_id (TaskID): A task ID.
+
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            del self._tasks[task_id]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no coverage
+
+    import random
+    import time
+
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .rule import Rule
+    from .syntax import Syntax
+    from .table import Table
+
+    syntax = Syntax(
+        '''def loop_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, T]]:
+    """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for last value."""
+    iter_values = iter(values)
+    try:
+        previous_value = next(iter_values)
+    except StopIteration:
+        return
+    for value in iter_values:
+        yield False, previous_value
+        previous_value = value
+    yield True, previous_value''',
+        "python",
+        line_numbers=True,
+    )
+
+    table = Table("foo", "bar", "baz")
+    table.add_row("1", "2", "3")
+
+    progress_renderables = [
+        "Text may be printed while the progress bars are rendering.",
+        Panel("In fact, [i]any[/i] renderable will work"),
+        "Such as [magenta]tables[/]...",
+        table,
+        "Pretty printed structures...",
+        {"type": "example", "text": "Pretty printed"},
+        "Syntax...",
+        syntax,
+        Rule("Give it a try!"),
+    ]
+
+    from itertools import cycle
+
+    examples = cycle(progress_renderables)
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    with Progress(
+        SpinnerColumn(),
+        *Progress.get_default_columns(),
+        TimeElapsedColumn(),
+        console=console,
+        transient=False,
+    ) as progress:
+
+        task1 = progress.add_task("[red]Downloading", total=1000)
+        task2 = progress.add_task("[green]Processing", total=1000)
+        task3 = progress.add_task("[yellow]Thinking", total=None)
+
+        while not progress.finished:
+            progress.update(task1, advance=0.5)
+            progress.update(task2, advance=0.3)
+            time.sleep(0.01)
+            if random.randint(0, 100) < 1:
+                progress.log(next(examples))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67361df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress_bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+import math
+from functools import lru_cache
+from time import monotonic
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from .color import Color, blend_rgb
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+# Number of characters before 'pulse' animation repeats
+PULSE_SIZE = 20
+
+
+class ProgressBar(JupyterMixin):
+    """Renders a (progress) bar. Used by rich.progress.
+
+    Args:
+        total (float, optional): Number of steps in the bar. Defaults to 100. Set to None to render a pulsing animation.
+        completed (float, optional): Number of steps completed. Defaults to 0.
+        width (int, optional): Width of the bar, or ``None`` for maximum width. Defaults to None.
+        pulse (bool, optional): Enable pulse effect. Defaults to False. Will pulse if a None total was passed.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for the bar background. Defaults to "bar.back".
+        complete_style (StyleType, optional): Style for the completed bar. Defaults to "bar.complete".
+        finished_style (StyleType, optional): Style for a finished bar. Defaults to "bar.finished".
+        pulse_style (StyleType, optional): Style for pulsing bars. Defaults to "bar.pulse".
+        animation_time (Optional[float], optional): Time in seconds to use for animation, or None to use system time.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total: Optional[float] = 100.0,
+        completed: float = 0,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        pulse: bool = False,
+        style: StyleType = "bar.back",
+        complete_style: StyleType = "bar.complete",
+        finished_style: StyleType = "bar.finished",
+        pulse_style: StyleType = "bar.pulse",
+        animation_time: Optional[float] = None,
+    ):
+        self.total = total
+        self.completed = completed
+        self.width = width
+        self.pulse = pulse
+        self.style = style
+        self.complete_style = complete_style
+        self.finished_style = finished_style
+        self.pulse_style = pulse_style
+        self.animation_time = animation_time
+
+        self._pulse_segments: Optional[List[Segment]] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Bar {self.completed!r} of {self.total!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def percentage_completed(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Calculate percentage complete."""
+        if self.total is None:
+            return None
+        completed = (self.completed / self.total) * 100.0
+        completed = min(100, max(0.0, completed))
+        return completed
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=16)
+    def _get_pulse_segments(
+        self,
+        fore_style: Style,
+        back_style: Style,
+        color_system: str,
+        no_color: bool,
+        ascii: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[Segment]:
+        """Get a list of segments to render a pulse animation.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Segment]: A list of segments, one segment per character.
+        """
+        bar = "-" if ascii else "━"
+        segments: List[Segment] = []
+        if color_system not in ("standard", "eight_bit", "truecolor") or no_color:
+            segments += [Segment(bar, fore_style)] * (PULSE_SIZE // 2)
+            segments += [Segment(" " if no_color else bar, back_style)] * (
+                PULSE_SIZE - (PULSE_SIZE // 2)
+            )
+            return segments
+
+        append = segments.append
+        fore_color = (
+            fore_style.color.get_truecolor()
+            if fore_style.color
+            else ColorTriplet(255, 0, 255)
+        )
+        back_color = (
+            back_style.color.get_truecolor()
+            if back_style.color
+            else ColorTriplet(0, 0, 0)
+        )
+        cos = math.cos
+        pi = math.pi
+        _Segment = Segment
+        _Style = Style
+        from_triplet = Color.from_triplet
+
+        for index in range(PULSE_SIZE):
+            position = index / PULSE_SIZE
+            fade = 0.5 + cos((position * pi * 2)) / 2.0
+            color = blend_rgb(fore_color, back_color, cross_fade=fade)
+            append(_Segment(bar, _Style(color=from_triplet(color))))
+        return segments
+
+    def update(self, completed: float, total: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
+        """Update progress with new values.
+
+        Args:
+            completed (float): Number of steps completed.
+            total (float, optional): Total number of steps, or ``None`` to not change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        self.completed = completed
+        self.total = total if total is not None else self.total
+
+    def _render_pulse(
+        self, console: Console, width: int, ascii: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """Renders the pulse animation.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Width in characters of pulse animation.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderResult: [description]
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterator[Segment]: Segments to render pulse
+        """
+        fore_style = console.get_style(self.pulse_style, default="white")
+        back_style = console.get_style(self.style, default="black")
+
+        pulse_segments = self._get_pulse_segments(
+            fore_style, back_style, console.color_system, console.no_color, ascii=ascii
+        )
+        segment_count = len(pulse_segments)
+        current_time = (
+            monotonic() if self.animation_time is None else self.animation_time
+        )
+        segments = pulse_segments * (int(width / segment_count) + 2)
+        offset = int(-current_time * 15) % segment_count
+        segments = segments[offset : offset + width]
+        yield from segments
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+
+        width = min(self.width or options.max_width, options.max_width)
+        ascii = options.legacy_windows or options.ascii_only
+        should_pulse = self.pulse or self.total is None
+        if should_pulse:
+            yield from self._render_pulse(console, width, ascii=ascii)
+            return
+
+        completed: Optional[float] = (
+            min(self.total, max(0, self.completed)) if self.total is not None else None
+        )
+
+        bar = "-" if ascii else "━"
+        half_bar_right = " " if ascii else "╸"
+        half_bar_left = " " if ascii else "╺"
+        complete_halves = (
+            int(width * 2 * completed / self.total)
+            if self.total and completed is not None
+            else width * 2
+        )
+        bar_count = complete_halves // 2
+        half_bar_count = complete_halves % 2
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        is_finished = self.total is None or self.completed >= self.total
+        complete_style = console.get_style(
+            self.finished_style if is_finished else self.complete_style
+        )
+        _Segment = Segment
+        if bar_count:
+            yield _Segment(bar * bar_count, complete_style)
+        if half_bar_count:
+            yield _Segment(half_bar_right * half_bar_count, complete_style)
+
+        if not console.no_color:
+            remaining_bars = width - bar_count - half_bar_count
+            if remaining_bars and console.color_system is not None:
+                if not half_bar_count and bar_count:
+                    yield _Segment(half_bar_left, style)
+                    remaining_bars -= 1
+                if remaining_bars:
+                    yield _Segment(bar * remaining_bars, style)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return (
+            Measurement(self.width, self.width)
+            if self.width is not None
+            else Measurement(4, options.max_width)
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    console = Console()
+    bar = ProgressBar(width=50, total=100)
+
+    import time
+
+    console.show_cursor(False)
+    for n in range(0, 101, 1):
+        bar.update(n)
+        console.print(bar)
+        console.file.write("\r")
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+    console.show_cursor(True)
+    console.print()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bd0a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/prompt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+from typing import Any, Generic, List, Optional, TextIO, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from . import get_console
+from .console import Console
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+PromptType = TypeVar("PromptType")
+DefaultType = TypeVar("DefaultType")
+
+
+class PromptError(Exception):
+    """Exception base class for prompt related errors."""
+
+
+class InvalidResponse(PromptError):
+    """Exception to indicate a response was invalid. Raise this within process_response() to indicate an error
+    and provide an error message.
+
+    Args:
+        message (Union[str, Text]): Error message.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: TextType) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> TextType:
+        return self.message
+
+
+class PromptBase(Generic[PromptType]):
+    """Ask the user for input until a valid response is received. This is the base class, see one of
+    the concrete classes for examples.
+
+    Args:
+        prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
+        console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
+        password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
+        choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
+        show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
+        show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    response_type: type = str
+
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid value"
+    illegal_choice_message = (
+        "[prompt.invalid.choice]Please select one of the available options"
+    )
+    prompt_suffix = ": "
+
+    choices: Optional[List[str]] = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.console = console or get_console()
+        self.prompt = (
+            Text.from_markup(prompt, style="prompt")
+            if isinstance(prompt, str)
+            else prompt
+        )
+        self.password = password
+        if choices is not None:
+            self.choices = choices
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.show_choices = show_choices
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        default: DefaultType,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> Union[DefaultType, PromptType]:
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    @overload
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> PromptType:
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def ask(
+        cls,
+        prompt: TextType = "",
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        password: bool = False,
+        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        show_default: bool = True,
+        show_choices: bool = True,
+        default: Any = ...,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Shortcut to construct and run a prompt loop and return the result.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> filename = Prompt.ask("Enter a filename")
+
+        Args:
+            prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
+            console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
+            password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
+            choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
+            show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
+            show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
+            stream (TextIO, optional): Optional text file open for reading to get input. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        _prompt = cls(
+            prompt,
+            console=console,
+            password=password,
+            choices=choices,
+            show_default=show_default,
+            show_choices=show_choices,
+        )
+        return _prompt(default=default, stream=stream)
+
+    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Turn the supplied default in to a Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            default (DefaultType): Default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text containing rendering of default value.
+        """
+        return Text(f"({default})", "prompt.default")
+
+    def make_prompt(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Make prompt text.
+
+        Args:
+            default (DefaultType): Default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Text to display in prompt.
+        """
+        prompt = self.prompt.copy()
+        prompt.end = ""
+
+        if self.show_choices and self.choices:
+            _choices = "/".join(self.choices)
+            choices = f"[{_choices}]"
+            prompt.append(" ")
+            prompt.append(choices, "prompt.choices")
+
+        if (
+            default != ...
+            and self.show_default
+            and isinstance(default, (str, self.response_type))
+        ):
+            prompt.append(" ")
+            _default = self.render_default(default)
+            prompt.append(_default)
+
+        prompt.append(self.prompt_suffix)
+
+        return prompt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_input(
+        cls,
+        console: Console,
+        prompt: TextType,
+        password: bool,
+        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Get input from user.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            prompt (TextType): Prompt text.
+            password (bool): Enable password entry.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String from user.
+        """
+        return console.input(prompt, password=password, stream=stream)
+
+    def check_choice(self, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Check value is in the list of valid choices.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): Value entered by user.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if choice was valid, otherwise False.
+        """
+        assert self.choices is not None
+        return value.strip() in self.choices
+
+    def process_response(self, value: str) -> PromptType:
+        """Process response from user, convert to prompt type.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): String typed by user.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidResponse: If ``value`` is invalid.
+
+        Returns:
+            PromptType: The value to be returned from ask method.
+        """
+        value = value.strip()
+        try:
+            return_value: PromptType = self.response_type(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
+
+        if self.choices is not None and not self.check_choice(value):
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.illegal_choice_message)
+
+        return return_value
+
+    def on_validate_error(self, value: str, error: InvalidResponse) -> None:
+        """Called to handle validation error.
+
+        Args:
+            value (str): String entered by user.
+            error (InvalidResponse): Exception instance the initiated the error.
+        """
+        self.console.print(error)
+
+    def pre_prompt(self) -> None:
+        """Hook to display something before the prompt."""
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, *, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> PromptType:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self, *, default: DefaultType, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None
+    ) -> Union[PromptType, DefaultType]:
+        ...
+
+    def __call__(self, *, default: Any = ..., stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> Any:
+        """Run the prompt loop.
+
+        Args:
+            default (Any, optional): Optional default value.
+
+        Returns:
+            PromptType: Processed value.
+        """
+        while True:
+            self.pre_prompt()
+            prompt = self.make_prompt(default)
+            value = self.get_input(self.console, prompt, self.password, stream=stream)
+            if value == "" and default != ...:
+                return default
+            try:
+                return_value = self.process_response(value)
+            except InvalidResponse as error:
+                self.on_validate_error(value, error)
+                continue
+            else:
+                return return_value
+
+
+class Prompt(PromptBase[str]):
+    """A prompt that returns a str.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> name = Prompt.ask("Enter your name")
+
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = str
+
+
+class IntPrompt(PromptBase[int]):
+    """A prompt that returns an integer.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> burrito_count = IntPrompt.ask("How many burritos do you want to order")
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = int
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid integer number"
+
+
+class FloatPrompt(PromptBase[int]):
+    """A prompt that returns a float.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> temperature = FloatPrompt.ask("Enter desired temperature")
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = float
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a number"
+
+
+class Confirm(PromptBase[bool]):
+    """A yes / no confirmation prompt.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> if Confirm.ask("Continue"):
+                run_job()
+
+    """
+
+    response_type = bool
+    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter Y or N"
+    choices: List[str] = ["y", "n"]
+
+    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
+        """Render the default as (y) or (n) rather than True/False."""
+        yes, no = self.choices
+        return Text(f"({yes})" if default else f"({no})", style="prompt.default")
+
+    def process_response(self, value: str) -> bool:
+        """Convert choices to a bool."""
+        value = value.strip().lower()
+        if value not in self.choices:
+            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
+        return value == self.choices[0]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    if Confirm.ask("Run [i]prompt[/i] tests?", default=True):
+        while True:
+            result = IntPrompt.ask(
+                ":rocket: Enter a number between [b]1[/b] and [b]10[/b]", default=5
+            )
+            if result >= 1 and result <= 10:
+                break
+            print(":pile_of_poo: [prompt.invalid]Number must be between 1 and 10")
+        print(f"number={result}")
+
+        while True:
+            password = Prompt.ask(
+                "Please enter a password [cyan](must be at least 5 characters)",
+                password=True,
+            )
+            if len(password) >= 5:
+                break
+            print("[prompt.invalid]password too short")
+        print(f"password={password!r}")
+
+        fruit = Prompt.ask("Enter a fruit", choices=["apple", "orange", "pear"])
+        print(f"fruit={fruit!r}")
+
+    else:
+        print("[b]OK :loudly_crying_face:")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12ab237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import Any, cast, Set, TYPE_CHECKING
+from inspect import isclass
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import RenderableType
+
+_GIBBERISH = """aihwerij235234ljsdnp34ksodfipwoe234234jlskjdf"""
+
+
+def is_renderable(check_object: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if an object may be rendered by Rich."""
+    return (
+        isinstance(check_object, str)
+        or hasattr(check_object, "__rich__")
+        or hasattr(check_object, "__rich_console__")
+    )
+
+
+def rich_cast(renderable: object) -> "RenderableType":
+    """Cast an object to a renderable by calling __rich__ if present.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (object): A potentially renderable object
+
+    Returns:
+        object: The result of recursively calling __rich__.
+    """
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import RenderableType
+
+    rich_visited_set: Set[type] = set()  # Prevent potential infinite loop
+    while hasattr(renderable, "__rich__") and not isclass(renderable):
+        # Detect object which claim to have all the attributes
+        if hasattr(renderable, _GIBBERISH):
+            return repr(renderable)
+        cast_method = getattr(renderable, "__rich__")
+        renderable = cast_method()
+        renderable_type = type(renderable)
+        if renderable_type in rich_visited_set:
+            break
+        rich_visited_set.add(renderable_type)
+
+    return cast(RenderableType, renderable)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75b3631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/region.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Region(NamedTuple):
+    """Defines a rectangular region of the screen."""
+
+    x: int
+    y: int
+    width: int
+    height: int
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f284bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/repr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import inspect
+from functools import partial
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+Result = Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[Any], Tuple[str, Any], Tuple[str, Any, Any]]]
+RichReprResult = Result
+
+
+class ReprError(Exception):
+    """An error occurred when attempting to build a repr."""
+
+
+@overload
+def auto(cls: Optional[Type[T]]) -> Type[T]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def auto(*, angular: bool = False) -> Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def auto(
+    cls: Optional[Type[T]] = None, *, angular: Optional[bool] = None
+) -> Union[Type[T], Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]]:
+    """Class decorator to create __repr__ from __rich_repr__"""
+
+    def do_replace(cls: Type[T], angular: Optional[bool] = None) -> Type[T]:
+        def auto_repr(self: T) -> str:
+            """Create repr string from __rich_repr__"""
+            repr_str: List[str] = []
+            append = repr_str.append
+
+            angular: bool = getattr(self.__rich_repr__, "angular", False)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            for arg in self.__rich_repr__():  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                if isinstance(arg, tuple):
+                    if len(arg) == 1:
+                        append(repr(arg[0]))
+                    else:
+                        key, value, *default = arg
+                        if key is None:
+                            append(repr(value))
+                        else:
+                            if default and default[0] == value:
+                                continue
+                            append(f"{key}={value!r}")
+                else:
+                    append(repr(arg))
+            if angular:
+                return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {' '.join(repr_str)}>"
+            else:
+                return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({', '.join(repr_str)})"
+
+        def auto_rich_repr(self: Type[T]) -> Result:
+            """Auto generate __rich_rep__ from signature of __init__"""
+            try:
+                signature = inspect.signature(self.__init__)
+                for name, param in signature.parameters.items():
+                    if param.kind == param.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                        yield getattr(self, name)
+                    elif param.kind in (
+                        param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+                        param.KEYWORD_ONLY,
+                    ):
+                        if param.default == param.empty:
+                            yield getattr(self, param.name)
+                        else:
+                            yield param.name, getattr(self, param.name), param.default
+            except Exception as error:
+                raise ReprError(
+                    f"Failed to auto generate __rich_repr__; {error}"
+                ) from None
+
+        if not hasattr(cls, "__rich_repr__"):
+            auto_rich_repr.__doc__ = "Build a rich repr"
+            cls.__rich_repr__ = auto_rich_repr  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        auto_repr.__doc__ = "Return repr(self)"
+        cls.__repr__ = auto_repr  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        if angular is not None:
+            cls.__rich_repr__.angular = angular  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return cls
+
+    if cls is None:
+        return partial(do_replace, angular=angular)
+    else:
+        return do_replace(cls, angular=angular)
+
+
+@overload
+def rich_repr(cls: Optional[Type[T]]) -> Type[T]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def rich_repr(*, angular: bool = False) -> Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def rich_repr(
+    cls: Optional[Type[T]] = None, *, angular: bool = False
+) -> Union[Type[T], Callable[[Type[T]], Type[T]]]:
+    if cls is None:
+        return auto(angular=angular)
+    else:
+        return auto(cls)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    @auto
+    class Foo:
+        def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+            yield "foo"
+            yield "bar", {"shopping": ["eggs", "ham", "pineapple"]}
+            yield "buy", "hand sanitizer"
+
+    foo = Foo()
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("Standard repr")
+    console.print(foo)
+
+    console.print(foo, width=60)
+    console.print(foo, width=30)
+
+    console.rule("Angular repr")
+    Foo.__rich_repr__.angular = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    console.print(foo)
+
+    console.print(foo, width=60)
+    console.print(foo, width=30)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd00ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/rule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .cells import cell_len, set_cell_size
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .style import Style
+from .text import Text
+
+
+class Rule(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable to draw a horizontal rule (line).
+
+    Args:
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): Text to render in the rule. Defaults to "".
+        characters (str, optional): Character(s) used to draw the line. Defaults to "─".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of Rule. Defaults to "rule.line".
+        end (str, optional): Character at end of Rule. defaults to "\\\\n"
+        align (str, optional): How to align the title, one of "left", "center", or "right". Defaults to "center".
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        title: Union[str, Text] = "",
+        *,
+        characters: str = "─",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "rule.line",
+        end: str = "\n",
+        align: AlignMethod = "center",
+    ) -> None:
+        if cell_len(characters) < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "'characters' argument must have a cell width of at least 1"
+            )
+        if align not in ("left", "center", "right"):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'invalid value for align, expected "left", "center", "right" (not {align!r})'
+            )
+        self.title = title
+        self.characters = characters
+        self.style = style
+        self.end = end
+        self.align = align
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Rule({self.title!r}, {self.characters!r})"
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        width = options.max_width
+
+        characters = (
+            "-"
+            if (options.ascii_only and not self.characters.isascii())
+            else self.characters
+        )
+
+        chars_len = cell_len(characters)
+        if not self.title:
+            yield self._rule_line(chars_len, width)
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(self.title, Text):
+            title_text = self.title
+        else:
+            title_text = console.render_str(self.title, style="rule.text")
+
+        title_text.plain = title_text.plain.replace("\n", " ")
+        title_text.expand_tabs()
+
+        required_space = 4 if self.align == "center" else 2
+        truncate_width = max(0, width - required_space)
+        if not truncate_width:
+            yield self._rule_line(chars_len, width)
+            return
+
+        rule_text = Text(end=self.end)
+        if self.align == "center":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            side_width = (width - cell_len(title_text.plain)) // 2
+            left = Text(characters * (side_width // chars_len + 1))
+            left.truncate(side_width - 1)
+            right_length = width - cell_len(left.plain) - cell_len(title_text.plain)
+            right = Text(characters * (side_width // chars_len + 1))
+            right.truncate(right_length)
+            rule_text.append(left.plain + " ", self.style)
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+            rule_text.append(" " + right.plain, self.style)
+        elif self.align == "left":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+            rule_text.append(" ")
+            rule_text.append(characters * (width - rule_text.cell_len), self.style)
+        elif self.align == "right":
+            title_text.truncate(truncate_width, overflow="ellipsis")
+            rule_text.append(characters * (width - title_text.cell_len - 1), self.style)
+            rule_text.append(" ")
+            rule_text.append(title_text)
+
+        rule_text.plain = set_cell_size(rule_text.plain, width)
+        yield rule_text
+
+    def _rule_line(self, chars_len: int, width: int) -> Text:
+        rule_text = Text(self.characters * ((width // chars_len) + 1), self.style)
+        rule_text.truncate(width)
+        rule_text.plain = set_cell_size(rule_text.plain, width)
+        return rule_text
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement(1, 1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import sys
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    try:
+        text = sys.argv[1]
+    except IndexError:
+        text = "Hello, World"
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(Rule(title=text))
+
+    console = Console()
+    console.print(Rule("foo"), width=4)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d134c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .pretty import Pretty
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import ConsoleRenderable
+
+
+def render_scope(
+    scope: "Mapping[str, Any]",
+    *,
+    title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+    sort_keys: bool = True,
+    indent_guides: bool = False,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_string: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
+    """Render python variables in a given scope.
+
+    Args:
+        scope (Mapping): A mapping containing variable names and values.
+        title (str, optional): Optional title. Defaults to None.
+        sort_keys (bool, optional): Enable sorting of items. Defaults to True.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indentation guides. Defaults to False.
+        max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to None.
+        max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        ConsoleRenderable: A renderable object.
+    """
+    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+    items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
+    items_table.add_column(justify="right")
+
+    def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """Sort special variables first, then alphabetically."""
+        key, _ = item
+        return (not key.startswith("__"), key.lower())
+
+    items = sorted(scope.items(), key=sort_items) if sort_keys else scope.items()
+    for key, value in items:
+        key_text = Text.assemble(
+            (key, "scope.key.special" if key.startswith("__") else "scope.key"),
+            (" =", "scope.equals"),
+        )
+        items_table.add_row(
+            key_text,
+            Pretty(
+                value,
+                highlighter=highlighter,
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                max_length=max_length,
+                max_string=max_string,
+            ),
+        )
+    return Panel.fit(
+        items_table,
+        title=title,
+        border_style="scope.border",
+        padding=(0, 1),
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+
+    print()
+
+    def test(foo: float, bar: float) -> None:
+        list_of_things = [1, 2, 3, None, 4, True, False, "Hello World"]
+        dict_of_things = {
+            "version": "1.1",
+            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
+            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
+            "id": "194521489",
+        }
+        print(render_scope(locals(), title="[i]locals", sort_keys=False))
+
+    test(20.3423, 3.1427)
+    print()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f416e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/screen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+from ._loop import loop_last
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        RenderResult,
+        RenderableType,
+        Group,
+    )
+
+
+class Screen:
+    """A renderable that fills the terminal screen and crops excess.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Child renderable.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Optional background style. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    renderable: "RenderableType"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *renderables: "RenderableType",
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        application_mode: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+
+        self.renderable = Group(*renderables)
+        self.style = style
+        self.application_mode = application_mode
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        width, height = options.size
+        style = console.get_style(self.style) if self.style else None
+        render_options = options.update(width=width, height=height)
+        lines = console.render_lines(
+            self.renderable or "", render_options, style=style, pad=True
+        )
+        lines = Segment.set_shape(lines, width, height, style=style)
+        new_line = Segment("\n\r") if self.application_mode else Segment.line()
+        for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+            yield from line
+            if not last:
+                yield new_line
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e125798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/segment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import lru_cache
+from itertools import filterfalse
+from logging import getLogger
+from operator import attrgetter
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from .cells import (
+    _is_single_cell_widths,
+    cached_cell_len,
+    cell_len,
+    get_character_cell_size,
+    set_cell_size,
+)
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .style import Style
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult
+
+log = getLogger("rich")
+
+
+class ControlType(IntEnum):
+    """Non-printable control codes which typically translate to ANSI codes."""
+
+    BELL = 1
+    CARRIAGE_RETURN = 2
+    HOME = 3
+    CLEAR = 4
+    SHOW_CURSOR = 5
+    HIDE_CURSOR = 6
+    ENABLE_ALT_SCREEN = 7
+    DISABLE_ALT_SCREEN = 8
+    CURSOR_UP = 9
+    CURSOR_DOWN = 10
+    CURSOR_FORWARD = 11
+    CURSOR_BACKWARD = 12
+    CURSOR_MOVE_TO_COLUMN = 13
+    CURSOR_MOVE_TO = 14
+    ERASE_IN_LINE = 15
+    SET_WINDOW_TITLE = 16
+
+
+ControlCode = Union[
+    Tuple[ControlType],
+    Tuple[ControlType, Union[int, str]],
+    Tuple[ControlType, int, int],
+]
+
+
+@rich_repr()
+class Segment(NamedTuple):
+    """A piece of text with associated style. Segments are produced by the Console render process and
+    are ultimately converted in to strings to be written to the terminal.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str): A piece of text.
+        style (:class:`~rich.style.Style`, optional): An optional style to apply to the text.
+        control (Tuple[ControlCode], optional): Optional sequence of control codes.
+
+    Attributes:
+        cell_length (int): The cell length of this Segment.
+    """
+
+    text: str
+    style: Optional[Style] = None
+    control: Optional[Sequence[ControlCode]] = None
+
+    @property
+    def cell_length(self) -> int:
+        """The number of terminal cells required to display self.text.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: A number of cells.
+        """
+        text, _style, control = self
+        return 0 if control else cell_len(text)
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield self.text
+        if self.control is None:
+            if self.style is not None:
+                yield self.style
+        else:
+            yield self.style
+            yield self.control
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the segment contains text."""
+        return bool(self.text)
+
+    @property
+    def is_control(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the segment contains control codes."""
+        return self.control is not None
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(1024 * 16)
+    def _split_cells(cls, segment: "Segment", cut: int) -> Tuple["Segment", "Segment"]:
+
+        text, style, control = segment
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        cell_length = segment.cell_length
+        if cut >= cell_length:
+            return segment, _Segment("", style, control)
+
+        cell_size = get_character_cell_size
+
+        pos = int((cut / cell_length) * (len(text) - 1))
+
+        before = text[:pos]
+        cell_pos = cell_len(before)
+        if cell_pos == cut:
+            return (
+                _Segment(before, style, control),
+                _Segment(text[pos:], style, control),
+            )
+        while pos < len(text):
+            char = text[pos]
+            pos += 1
+            cell_pos += cell_size(char)
+            before = text[:pos]
+            if cell_pos == cut:
+                return (
+                    _Segment(before, style, control),
+                    _Segment(text[pos:], style, control),
+                )
+            if cell_pos > cut:
+                return (
+                    _Segment(before[: pos - 1] + " ", style, control),
+                    _Segment(" " + text[pos:], style, control),
+                )
+
+        raise AssertionError("Will never reach here")
+
+    def split_cells(self, cut: int) -> Tuple["Segment", "Segment"]:
+        """Split segment in to two segments at the specified column.
+
+        If the cut point falls in the middle of a 2-cell wide character then it is replaced
+        by two spaces, to preserve the display width of the parent segment.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[Segment, Segment]: Two segments.
+        """
+        text, style, control = self
+
+        if _is_single_cell_widths(text):
+            # Fast path with all 1 cell characters
+            if cut >= len(text):
+                return self, Segment("", style, control)
+            return (
+                Segment(text[:cut], style, control),
+                Segment(text[cut:], style, control),
+            )
+
+        return self._split_cells(self, cut)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def line(cls) -> "Segment":
+        """Make a new line segment."""
+        return cls("\n")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def apply_style(
+        cls,
+        segments: Iterable["Segment"],
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        post_style: Optional[Style] = None,
+    ) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Apply style(s) to an iterable of segments.
+
+        Returns an iterable of segments where the style is replaced by ``style + segment.style + post_style``.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): Segments to process.
+            style (Style, optional): Base style. Defaults to None.
+            post_style (Style, optional): Style to apply on top of segment style. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segments]: A new iterable of segments (possibly the same iterable).
+        """
+        result_segments = segments
+        if style:
+            apply = style.__add__
+            result_segments = (
+                cls(text, None if control else apply(_style), control)
+                for text, _style, control in result_segments
+            )
+        if post_style:
+            result_segments = (
+                cls(
+                    text,
+                    (
+                        None
+                        if control
+                        else (_style + post_style if _style else post_style)
+                    ),
+                    control,
+                )
+                for text, _style, control in result_segments
+            )
+        return result_segments
+
+    @classmethod
+    def filter_control(
+        cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"], is_control: bool = False
+    ) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Filter segments by ``is_control`` attribute.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of Segment instances.
+            is_control (bool, optional): is_control flag to match in search.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: And iterable of Segment instances.
+
+        """
+        if is_control:
+            return filter(attrgetter("control"), segments)
+        else:
+            return filterfalse(attrgetter("control"), segments)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def split_lines(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Split a sequence of segments in to a list of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): Segments potentially containing line feeds.
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[List[Segment]]: Iterable of segment lists, one per line.
+        """
+        line: List[Segment] = []
+        append = line.append
+
+        for segment in segments:
+            if "\n" in segment.text and not segment.control:
+                text, style, _ = segment
+                while text:
+                    _text, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+                    if _text:
+                        append(cls(_text, style))
+                    if new_line:
+                        yield line
+                        line = []
+                        append = line.append
+            else:
+                append(segment)
+        if line:
+            yield line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def split_and_crop_lines(
+        cls,
+        segments: Iterable["Segment"],
+        length: int,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+        include_new_lines: bool = True,
+    ) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Split segments in to lines, and crop lines greater than a given length.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments, probably
+                generated from console.render.
+            length (int): Desired line length.
+            style (Style, optional): Style to use for any padding.
+            pad (bool): Enable padding of lines that are less than `length`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[List[Segment]]: An iterable of lines of segments.
+        """
+        line: List[Segment] = []
+        append = line.append
+
+        adjust_line_length = cls.adjust_line_length
+        new_line_segment = cls("\n")
+
+        for segment in segments:
+            if "\n" in segment.text and not segment.control:
+                text, segment_style, _ = segment
+                while text:
+                    _text, new_line, text = text.partition("\n")
+                    if _text:
+                        append(cls(_text, segment_style))
+                    if new_line:
+                        cropped_line = adjust_line_length(
+                            line, length, style=style, pad=pad
+                        )
+                        if include_new_lines:
+                            cropped_line.append(new_line_segment)
+                        yield cropped_line
+                        line.clear()
+            else:
+                append(segment)
+        if line:
+            yield adjust_line_length(line, length, style=style, pad=pad)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def adjust_line_length(
+        cls,
+        line: List["Segment"],
+        length: int,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        pad: bool = True,
+    ) -> List["Segment"]:
+        """Adjust a line to a given width (cropping or padding as required).
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): A list of segments in a single line.
+            length (int): The desired width of the line.
+            style (Style, optional): The style of padding if used (space on the end). Defaults to None.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad lines with spaces if they are shorter than `length`. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Segment]: A line of segments with the desired length.
+        """
+        line_length = sum(segment.cell_length for segment in line)
+        new_line: List[Segment]
+
+        if line_length < length:
+            if pad:
+                new_line = line + [cls(" " * (length - line_length), style)]
+            else:
+                new_line = line[:]
+        elif line_length > length:
+            new_line = []
+            append = new_line.append
+            line_length = 0
+            for segment in line:
+                segment_length = segment.cell_length
+                if line_length + segment_length < length or segment.control:
+                    append(segment)
+                    line_length += segment_length
+                else:
+                    text, segment_style, _ = segment
+                    text = set_cell_size(text, length - line_length)
+                    append(cls(text, segment_style))
+                    break
+        else:
+            new_line = line[:]
+        return new_line
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_line_length(cls, line: List["Segment"]) -> int:
+        """Get the length of list of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            line (List[Segment]): A line encoded as a list of Segments (assumes no '\\\\n' characters),
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The length of the line.
+        """
+        _cell_len = cell_len
+        return sum(_cell_len(text) for text, style, control in line if not control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_shape(cls, lines: List[List["Segment"]]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Get the shape (enclosing rectangle) of a list of lines.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines (no '\\\\n' characters).
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[int, int]: Width and height in characters.
+        """
+        get_line_length = cls.get_line_length
+        max_width = max(get_line_length(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0
+        return (max_width, len(lines))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def set_shape(
+        cls,
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: Optional[int] = None,
+        style: Optional[Style] = None,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Set the shape of a list of lines (enclosing rectangle).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style, optional): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        _height = height or len(lines)
+
+        blank = (
+            [cls(" " * width + "\n", style)] if new_lines else [cls(" " * width, style)]
+        )
+
+        adjust_line_length = cls.adjust_line_length
+        shaped_lines = lines[:_height]
+        shaped_lines[:] = [
+            adjust_line_length(line, width, style=style) for line in lines
+        ]
+        if len(shaped_lines) < _height:
+            shaped_lines.extend([blank] * (_height - len(shaped_lines)))
+        return shaped_lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_top(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns lines to top (adds extra lines to bottom as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        lines = lines + [[blank]] * extra_lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_bottom(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns render to bottom (adds extra lines above as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added. Defaults to None.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        lines = [[blank]] * extra_lines + lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def align_middle(
+        cls: Type["Segment"],
+        lines: List[List["Segment"]],
+        width: int,
+        height: int,
+        style: Style,
+        new_lines: bool = False,
+    ) -> List[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Aligns lines to middle (adds extra lines to above and below as required).
+
+        Args:
+            lines (List[List[Segment]]): A list of lines.
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            height (int, optional): Desired height or None for no change.
+            style (Style): Style of any padding added.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Padded lines should include "\n". Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[List[Segment]]: New list of lines.
+        """
+        extra_lines = height - len(lines)
+        if not extra_lines:
+            return lines[:]
+        lines = lines[:height]
+        blank = cls(" " * width + "\n", style) if new_lines else cls(" " * width, style)
+        top_lines = extra_lines // 2
+        bottom_lines = extra_lines - top_lines
+        lines = [[blank]] * top_lines + lines + [[blank]] * bottom_lines
+        return lines
+
+    @classmethod
+    def simplify(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Simplify an iterable of segments by combining contiguous segments with the same style.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: A possibly smaller iterable of segments that will render the same way.
+        """
+        iter_segments = iter(segments)
+        try:
+            last_segment = next(iter_segments)
+        except StopIteration:
+            return
+
+        _Segment = Segment
+        for segment in iter_segments:
+            if last_segment.style == segment.style and not segment.control:
+                last_segment = _Segment(
+                    last_segment.text + segment.text, last_segment.style
+                )
+            else:
+                yield last_segment
+                last_segment = segment
+        yield last_segment
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_links(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all links from an iterable of styles.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with link removed.
+        """
+        for segment in segments:
+            if segment.control or segment.style is None:
+                yield segment
+            else:
+                text, style, _control = segment
+                yield cls(text, style.update_link(None) if style else None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strip_styles(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all styles from an iterable of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with styles replace with None
+        """
+        for text, _style, control in segments:
+            yield cls(text, None, control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def remove_color(cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"]) -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Remove all color from an iterable of segments.
+
+        Args:
+            segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable segments.
+
+        Yields:
+            Segment: Segments with colorless style.
+        """
+
+        cache: Dict[Style, Style] = {}
+        for text, style, control in segments:
+            if style:
+                colorless_style = cache.get(style)
+                if colorless_style is None:
+                    colorless_style = style.without_color
+                    cache[style] = colorless_style
+                yield cls(text, colorless_style, control)
+            else:
+                yield cls(text, None, control)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def divide(
+        cls, segments: Iterable["Segment"], cuts: Iterable[int]
+    ) -> Iterable[List["Segment"]]:
+        """Divides an iterable of segments in to portions.
+
+        Args:
+            cuts (Iterable[int]): Cell positions where to divide.
+
+        Yields:
+            [Iterable[List[Segment]]]: An iterable of Segments in List.
+        """
+        split_segments: List["Segment"] = []
+        add_segment = split_segments.append
+
+        iter_cuts = iter(cuts)
+
+        while True:
+            cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+            if cut == -1:
+                return []
+            if cut != 0:
+                break
+            yield []
+        pos = 0
+
+        segments_clear = split_segments.clear
+        segments_copy = split_segments.copy
+
+        _cell_len = cached_cell_len
+        for segment in segments:
+            text, _style, control = segment
+            while text:
+                end_pos = pos if control else pos + _cell_len(text)
+                if end_pos < cut:
+                    add_segment(segment)
+                    pos = end_pos
+                    break
+
+                if end_pos == cut:
+                    add_segment(segment)
+                    yield segments_copy()
+                    segments_clear()
+                    pos = end_pos
+
+                    cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+                    if cut == -1:
+                        if split_segments:
+                            yield segments_copy()
+                        return
+
+                    break
+
+                else:
+                    before, segment = segment.split_cells(cut - pos)
+                    text, _style, control = segment
+                    add_segment(before)
+                    yield segments_copy()
+                    segments_clear()
+                    pos = cut
+
+                cut = next(iter_cuts, -1)
+                if cut == -1:
+                    if split_segments:
+                        yield segments_copy()
+                    return
+
+        yield segments_copy()
+
+
+class Segments:
+    """A simple renderable to render an iterable of segments. This class may be useful if
+    you want to print segments outside of a __rich_console__ method.
+
+    Args:
+        segments (Iterable[Segment]): An iterable of segments.
+        new_lines (bool, optional): Add new lines between segments. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, segments: Iterable[Segment], new_lines: bool = False) -> None:
+        self.segments = list(segments)
+        self.new_lines = new_lines
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.new_lines:
+            line = Segment.line()
+            for segment in self.segments:
+                yield segment
+                yield line
+        else:
+            yield from self.segments
+
+
+class SegmentLines:
+    def __init__(self, lines: Iterable[List[Segment]], new_lines: bool = False) -> None:
+        """A simple renderable containing a number of lines of segments. May be used as an intermediate
+        in rendering process.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[List[Segment]]): Lists of segments forming lines.
+            new_lines (bool, optional): Insert new lines after each line. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        self.lines = list(lines)
+        self.new_lines = new_lines
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        if self.new_lines:
+            new_line = Segment.line()
+            for line in self.lines:
+                yield from line
+                yield new_line
+        else:
+            for line in self.lines:
+                yield from line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
+
+    code = """from rich.console import Console
+console = Console()
+text = Text.from_markup("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/]!")
+console.print(text)"""
+
+    text = Text.from_markup("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/]!")
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("rich.Segment")
+    console.print(
+        "A Segment is the last step in the Rich render process before generating text with ANSI codes."
+    )
+    console.print("\nConsider the following code:\n")
+    console.print(Syntax(code, "python", line_numbers=True))
+    console.print()
+    console.print(
+        "When you call [b]print()[/b], Rich [i]renders[/i] the object in to the following:\n"
+    )
+    fragments = list(console.render(text))
+    console.print(fragments)
+    console.print()
+    console.print("The Segments are then processed to produce the following output:\n")
+    console.print(text)
+    console.print(
+        "\nYou will only need to know this if you are implementing your own Rich renderables."
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91ea630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from typing import cast, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+
+from ._spinners import SPINNERS
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .table import Table
+from .text import Text
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
+    from .style import StyleType
+
+
+class Spinner:
+    """A spinner animation.
+
+    Args:
+        name (str): Name of spinner (run python -m rich.spinner).
+        text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+
+    Raises:
+        KeyError: If name isn't one of the supported spinner animations.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        text: "RenderableType" = "",
+        *,
+        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        try:
+            spinner = SPINNERS[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError(f"no spinner called {name!r}")
+        self.text: "Union[RenderableType, Text]" = (
+            Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
+        )
+        self.frames = cast(List[str], spinner["frames"])[:]
+        self.interval = cast(float, spinner["interval"])
+        self.start_time: Optional[float] = None
+        self.style = style
+        self.speed = speed
+        self.frame_no_offset: float = 0.0
+        self._update_speed = 0.0
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        yield self.render(console.get_time())
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        text = self.render(0)
+        return Measurement.get(console, options, text)
+
+    def render(self, time: float) -> "RenderableType":
+        """Render the spinner for a given time.
+
+        Args:
+            time (float): Time in seconds.
+
+        Returns:
+            RenderableType: A renderable containing animation frame.
+        """
+        if self.start_time is None:
+            self.start_time = time
+
+        frame_no = ((time - self.start_time) * self.speed) / (
+            self.interval / 1000.0
+        ) + self.frame_no_offset
+        frame = Text(
+            self.frames[int(frame_no) % len(self.frames)], style=self.style or ""
+        )
+
+        if self._update_speed:
+            self.frame_no_offset = frame_no
+            self.start_time = time
+            self.speed = self._update_speed
+            self._update_speed = 0.0
+
+        if not self.text:
+            return frame
+        elif isinstance(self.text, (str, Text)):
+            return Text.assemble(frame, " ", self.text)
+        else:
+            table = Table.grid(padding=1)
+            table.add_row(frame, self.text)
+            return table
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        text: "RenderableType" = "",
+        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
+        speed: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Updates attributes of a spinner after it has been started.
+
+        Args:
+            text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
+            style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
+            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if text:
+            self.text = Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
+        if style:
+            self.style = style
+        if speed:
+            self._update_speed = speed
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from time import sleep
+
+    from .columns import Columns
+    from .panel import Panel
+    from .live import Live
+
+    all_spinners = Columns(
+        [
+            Spinner(spinner_name, text=Text(repr(spinner_name), style="green"))
+            for spinner_name in sorted(SPINNERS.keys())
+        ],
+        column_first=True,
+        expand=True,
+    )
+
+    with Live(
+        Panel(all_spinners, title="Spinners", border_style="blue"),
+        refresh_per_second=20,
+    ) as live:
+        while True:
+            sleep(0.1)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09eff40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/status.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+from .console import Console, RenderableType
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .live import Live
+from .spinner import Spinner
+from .style import StyleType
+
+
+class Status(JupyterMixin):
+    """Displays a status indicator with a 'spinner' animation.
+
+    Args:
+        status (RenderableType): A status renderable (str or Text typically).
+        console (Console, optional): Console instance to use, or None for global console. Defaults to None.
+        spinner (str, optional): Name of spinner animation (see python -m rich.spinner). Defaults to "dots".
+        spinner_style (StyleType, optional): Style of spinner. Defaults to "status.spinner".
+        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for spinner animation. Defaults to 1.0.
+        refresh_per_second (float, optional): Number of refreshes per second. Defaults to 12.5.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        console: Optional[Console] = None,
+        spinner: str = "dots",
+        spinner_style: StyleType = "status.spinner",
+        speed: float = 1.0,
+        refresh_per_second: float = 12.5,
+    ):
+        self.status = status
+        self.spinner_style = spinner_style
+        self.speed = speed
+        self._spinner = Spinner(spinner, text=status, style=spinner_style, speed=speed)
+        self._live = Live(
+            self.renderable,
+            console=console,
+            refresh_per_second=refresh_per_second,
+            transient=True,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def renderable(self) -> Spinner:
+        return self._spinner
+
+    @property
+    def console(self) -> "Console":
+        """Get the Console used by the Status objects."""
+        return self._live.console
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        status: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
+        *,
+        spinner: Optional[str] = None,
+        spinner_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        speed: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update status.
+
+        Args:
+            status (Optional[RenderableType], optional): New status renderable or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            spinner (Optional[str], optional): New spinner or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            spinner_style (Optional[StyleType], optional): New spinner style or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+            speed (Optional[float], optional): Speed factor for spinner animation or None for no change. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if status is not None:
+            self.status = status
+        if spinner_style is not None:
+            self.spinner_style = spinner_style
+        if speed is not None:
+            self.speed = speed
+        if spinner is not None:
+            self._spinner = Spinner(
+                spinner, text=self.status, style=self.spinner_style, speed=self.speed
+            )
+            self._live.update(self.renderable, refresh=True)
+        else:
+            self._spinner.update(
+                text=self.status, style=self.spinner_style, speed=self.speed
+            )
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        """Start the status animation."""
+        self._live.start()
+
+    def stop(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the spinner animation."""
+        self._live.stop()
+
+    def __rich__(self) -> RenderableType:
+        return self.renderable
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Status":
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stop()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from time import sleep
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    with console.status("[magenta]Covid detector booting up") as status:
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Importing advanced AI")
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Advanced Covid AI Ready")
+        sleep(3)
+        status.update(status="[bold blue] Scanning for Covid", spinner="earth")
+        sleep(3)
+        console.log("Found 10,000,000,000 copies of Covid32.exe")
+        sleep(3)
+        status.update(
+            status="[bold red]Moving Covid32.exe to Trash",
+            spinner="bouncingBall",
+            spinner_style="yellow",
+        )
+        sleep(5)
+    console.print("[bold green]Covid deleted successfully")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..313c889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py
@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from marshal import dumps, loads
+from random import randint
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union, cast
+
+from . import errors
+from .color import Color, ColorParseError, ColorSystem, blend_rgb
+from .repr import Result, rich_repr
+from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, TerminalTheme
+
+# Style instances and style definitions are often interchangeable
+StyleType = Union[str, "Style"]
+
+
+class _Bit:
+    """A descriptor to get/set a style attribute bit."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["bit"]
+
+    def __init__(self, bit_no: int) -> None:
+        self.bit = 1 << bit_no
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: "Style", objtype: Type["Style"]) -> Optional[bool]:
+        if obj._set_attributes & self.bit:
+            return obj._attributes & self.bit != 0
+        return None
+
+
+@rich_repr
+class Style:
+    """A terminal style.
+
+    A terminal style consists of a color (`color`), a background color (`bgcolor`), and a number of attributes, such
+    as bold, italic etc. The attributes have 3 states: they can either be on
+    (``True``), off (``False``), or not set (``None``).
+
+    Args:
+        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal text. Defaults to None.
+        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal background. Defaults to None.
+        bold (bool, optional): Enable bold text. Defaults to None.
+        dim (bool, optional): Enable dim text. Defaults to None.
+        italic (bool, optional): Enable italic text. Defaults to None.
+        underline (bool, optional): Enable underlined text. Defaults to None.
+        blink (bool, optional): Enabled blinking text. Defaults to None.
+        blink2 (bool, optional): Enable fast blinking text. Defaults to None.
+        reverse (bool, optional): Enabled reverse text. Defaults to None.
+        conceal (bool, optional): Enable concealed text. Defaults to None.
+        strike (bool, optional): Enable strikethrough text. Defaults to None.
+        underline2 (bool, optional): Enable doubly underlined text. Defaults to None.
+        frame (bool, optional): Enable framed text. Defaults to None.
+        encircle (bool, optional): Enable encircled text. Defaults to None.
+        overline (bool, optional): Enable overlined text. Defaults to None.
+        link (str, link): Link URL. Defaults to None.
+
+    """
+
+    _color: Optional[Color]
+    _bgcolor: Optional[Color]
+    _attributes: int
+    _set_attributes: int
+    _hash: Optional[int]
+    _null: bool
+    _meta: Optional[bytes]
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_color",
+        "_bgcolor",
+        "_attributes",
+        "_set_attributes",
+        "_link",
+        "_link_id",
+        "_ansi",
+        "_style_definition",
+        "_hash",
+        "_null",
+        "_meta",
+    ]
+
+    # maps bits on to SGR parameter
+    _style_map = {
+        0: "1",
+        1: "2",
+        2: "3",
+        3: "4",
+        4: "5",
+        5: "6",
+        6: "7",
+        7: "8",
+        8: "9",
+        9: "21",
+        10: "51",
+        11: "52",
+        12: "53",
+    }
+
+    STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = {
+        "dim": "dim",
+        "d": "dim",
+        "bold": "bold",
+        "b": "bold",
+        "italic": "italic",
+        "i": "italic",
+        "underline": "underline",
+        "u": "underline",
+        "blink": "blink",
+        "blink2": "blink2",
+        "reverse": "reverse",
+        "r": "reverse",
+        "conceal": "conceal",
+        "c": "conceal",
+        "strike": "strike",
+        "s": "strike",
+        "underline2": "underline2",
+        "uu": "underline2",
+        "frame": "frame",
+        "encircle": "encircle",
+        "overline": "overline",
+        "o": "overline",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
+        bgcolor: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
+        bold: Optional[bool] = None,
+        dim: Optional[bool] = None,
+        italic: Optional[bool] = None,
+        underline: Optional[bool] = None,
+        blink: Optional[bool] = None,
+        blink2: Optional[bool] = None,
+        reverse: Optional[bool] = None,
+        conceal: Optional[bool] = None,
+        strike: Optional[bool] = None,
+        underline2: Optional[bool] = None,
+        frame: Optional[bool] = None,
+        encircle: Optional[bool] = None,
+        overline: Optional[bool] = None,
+        link: Optional[str] = None,
+        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        self._ansi: Optional[str] = None
+        self._style_definition: Optional[str] = None
+
+        def _make_color(color: Union[Color, str]) -> Color:
+            return color if isinstance(color, Color) else Color.parse(color)
+
+        self._color = None if color is None else _make_color(color)
+        self._bgcolor = None if bgcolor is None else _make_color(bgcolor)
+        self._set_attributes = sum(
+            (
+                bold is not None,
+                dim is not None and 2,
+                italic is not None and 4,
+                underline is not None and 8,
+                blink is not None and 16,
+                blink2 is not None and 32,
+                reverse is not None and 64,
+                conceal is not None and 128,
+                strike is not None and 256,
+                underline2 is not None and 512,
+                frame is not None and 1024,
+                encircle is not None and 2048,
+                overline is not None and 4096,
+            )
+        )
+        self._attributes = (
+            sum(
+                (
+                    bold and 1 or 0,
+                    dim and 2 or 0,
+                    italic and 4 or 0,
+                    underline and 8 or 0,
+                    blink and 16 or 0,
+                    blink2 and 32 or 0,
+                    reverse and 64 or 0,
+                    conceal and 128 or 0,
+                    strike and 256 or 0,
+                    underline2 and 512 or 0,
+                    frame and 1024 or 0,
+                    encircle and 2048 or 0,
+                    overline and 4096 or 0,
+                )
+            )
+            if self._set_attributes
+            else 0
+        )
+
+        self._link = link
+        self._meta = None if meta is None else dumps(meta)
+        self._link_id = (
+            f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(self._meta)}" if (link or meta) else ""
+        )
+        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
+        self._null = not (self._set_attributes or color or bgcolor or link or meta)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def null(cls) -> "Style":
+        """Create an 'null' style, equivalent to Style(), but more performant."""
+        return NULL_STYLE
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_color(
+        cls, color: Optional[Color] = None, bgcolor: Optional[Color] = None
+    ) -> "Style":
+        """Create a new style with colors and no attributes.
+
+        Returns:
+            color (Optional[Color]): A (foreground) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
+            bgcolor (Optional[Color]): A (background) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = color
+        style._bgcolor = bgcolor
+        style._set_attributes = 0
+        style._attributes = 0
+        style._link = None
+        style._link_id = ""
+        style._meta = None
+        style._null = not (color or bgcolor)
+        style._hash = None
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_meta(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> "Style":
+        """Create a new style with meta data.
+
+        Returns:
+            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): A dictionary of meta data. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = None
+        style._bgcolor = None
+        style._set_attributes = 0
+        style._attributes = 0
+        style._link = None
+        style._meta = dumps(meta)
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(style._meta)}"
+        style._hash = None
+        style._null = not (meta)
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    def on(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Style":
+        """Create a blank style with meta information.
+
+        Example:
+            style = Style.on(click=self.on_click)
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): An optional dict of meta information.
+            **handlers (Any): Keyword arguments are translated in to handlers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style with meta information attached.
+        """
+        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
+        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
+        return cls.from_meta(meta)
+
+    bold = _Bit(0)
+    dim = _Bit(1)
+    italic = _Bit(2)
+    underline = _Bit(3)
+    blink = _Bit(4)
+    blink2 = _Bit(5)
+    reverse = _Bit(6)
+    conceal = _Bit(7)
+    strike = _Bit(8)
+    underline2 = _Bit(9)
+    frame = _Bit(10)
+    encircle = _Bit(11)
+    overline = _Bit(12)
+
+    @property
+    def link_id(self) -> str:
+        """Get a link id, used in ansi code for links."""
+        return self._link_id
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Re-generate style definition from attributes."""
+        if self._style_definition is None:
+            attributes: List[str] = []
+            append = attributes.append
+            bits = self._set_attributes
+            if bits & 0b0000000001111:
+                if bits & 1:
+                    append("bold" if self.bold else "not bold")
+                if bits & (1 << 1):
+                    append("dim" if self.dim else "not dim")
+                if bits & (1 << 2):
+                    append("italic" if self.italic else "not italic")
+                if bits & (1 << 3):
+                    append("underline" if self.underline else "not underline")
+            if bits & 0b0000111110000:
+                if bits & (1 << 4):
+                    append("blink" if self.blink else "not blink")
+                if bits & (1 << 5):
+                    append("blink2" if self.blink2 else "not blink2")
+                if bits & (1 << 6):
+                    append("reverse" if self.reverse else "not reverse")
+                if bits & (1 << 7):
+                    append("conceal" if self.conceal else "not conceal")
+                if bits & (1 << 8):
+                    append("strike" if self.strike else "not strike")
+            if bits & 0b1111000000000:
+                if bits & (1 << 9):
+                    append("underline2" if self.underline2 else "not underline2")
+                if bits & (1 << 10):
+                    append("frame" if self.frame else "not frame")
+                if bits & (1 << 11):
+                    append("encircle" if self.encircle else "not encircle")
+                if bits & (1 << 12):
+                    append("overline" if self.overline else "not overline")
+            if self._color is not None:
+                append(self._color.name)
+            if self._bgcolor is not None:
+                append("on")
+                append(self._bgcolor.name)
+            if self._link:
+                append("link")
+                append(self._link)
+            self._style_definition = " ".join(attributes) or "none"
+        return self._style_definition
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        """A Style is false if it has no attributes, colors, or links."""
+        return not self._null
+
+    def _make_ansi_codes(self, color_system: ColorSystem) -> str:
+        """Generate ANSI codes for this style.
+
+        Args:
+            color_system (ColorSystem): Color system.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: String containing codes.
+        """
+
+        if self._ansi is None:
+            sgr: List[str] = []
+            append = sgr.append
+            _style_map = self._style_map
+            attributes = self._attributes & self._set_attributes
+            if attributes:
+                if attributes & 1:
+                    append(_style_map[0])
+                if attributes & 2:
+                    append(_style_map[1])
+                if attributes & 4:
+                    append(_style_map[2])
+                if attributes & 8:
+                    append(_style_map[3])
+                if attributes & 0b0000111110000:
+                    for bit in range(4, 9):
+                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
+                            append(_style_map[bit])
+                if attributes & 0b1111000000000:
+                    for bit in range(9, 13):
+                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
+                            append(_style_map[bit])
+            if self._color is not None:
+                sgr.extend(self._color.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes())
+            if self._bgcolor is not None:
+                sgr.extend(
+                    self._bgcolor.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes(
+                        foreground=False
+                    )
+                )
+            self._ansi = ";".join(sgr)
+        return self._ansi
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def normalize(cls, style: str) -> str:
+        """Normalize a style definition so that styles with the same effect have the same string
+        representation.
+
+        Args:
+            style (str): A style definition.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Normal form of style definition.
+        """
+        try:
+            return str(cls.parse(style))
+        except errors.StyleSyntaxError:
+            return style.strip().lower()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def pick_first(cls, *values: Optional[StyleType]) -> StyleType:
+        """Pick first non-None style."""
+        for value in values:
+            if value is not None:
+                return value
+        raise ValueError("expected at least one non-None style")
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
+        yield "color", self.color, None
+        yield "bgcolor", self.bgcolor, None
+        yield "bold", self.bold, None,
+        yield "dim", self.dim, None,
+        yield "italic", self.italic, None
+        yield "underline", self.underline, None,
+        yield "blink", self.blink, None
+        yield "blink2", self.blink2, None
+        yield "reverse", self.reverse, None
+        yield "conceal", self.conceal, None
+        yield "strike", self.strike, None
+        yield "underline2", self.underline2, None
+        yield "frame", self.frame, None
+        yield "encircle", self.encircle, None
+        yield "link", self.link, None
+        if self._meta:
+            yield "meta", self.meta
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Style):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__hash__() == other.__hash__()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Style):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__hash__() != other.__hash__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        if self._hash is not None:
+            return self._hash
+        self._hash = hash(
+            (
+                self._color,
+                self._bgcolor,
+                self._attributes,
+                self._set_attributes,
+                self._link,
+                self._meta,
+            )
+        )
+        return self._hash
+
+    @property
+    def color(self) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """The foreground color or None if it is not set."""
+        return self._color
+
+    @property
+    def bgcolor(self) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """The background color or None if it is not set."""
+        return self._bgcolor
+
+    @property
+    def link(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Link text, if set."""
+        return self._link
+
+    @property
+    def transparent_background(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the style specified a transparent background."""
+        return self.bgcolor is None or self.bgcolor.is_default
+
+    @property
+    def background_style(self) -> "Style":
+        """A Style with background only."""
+        return Style(bgcolor=self.bgcolor)
+
+    @property
+    def meta(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get meta information (can not be changed after construction)."""
+        return {} if self._meta is None else cast(Dict[str, Any], loads(self._meta))
+
+    @property
+    def without_color(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of the style with color removed."""
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = None
+        style._style_definition = None
+        style._color = None
+        style._bgcolor = None
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = self._link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = None
+        style._hash = None
+        return style
+
+    @classmethod
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
+    def parse(cls, style_definition: str) -> "Style":
+        """Parse a style definition.
+
+        Args:
+            style_definition (str): A string containing a style.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.StyleSyntaxError: If the style definition syntax is invalid.
+
+        Returns:
+            `Style`: A Style instance.
+        """
+        if style_definition.strip() == "none" or not style_definition:
+            return cls.null()
+
+        STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = cls.STYLE_ATTRIBUTES
+        color: Optional[str] = None
+        bgcolor: Optional[str] = None
+        attributes: Dict[str, Optional[Any]] = {}
+        link: Optional[str] = None
+
+        words = iter(style_definition.split())
+        for original_word in words:
+            word = original_word.lower()
+            if word == "on":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                if not word:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("color expected after 'on'")
+                try:
+                    Color.parse(word) is None
+                except ColorParseError as error:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as background color; {error}"
+                    ) from None
+                bgcolor = word
+
+            elif word == "not":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                attribute = STYLE_ATTRIBUTES.get(word)
+                if attribute is None:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"expected style attribute after 'not', found {word!r}"
+                    )
+                attributes[attribute] = False
+
+            elif word == "link":
+                word = next(words, "")
+                if not word:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("URL expected after 'link'")
+                link = word
+
+            elif word in STYLE_ATTRIBUTES:
+                attributes[STYLE_ATTRIBUTES[word]] = True
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    Color.parse(word)
+                except ColorParseError as error:
+                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
+                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as color; {error}"
+                    ) from None
+                color = word
+        style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor, link=link, **attributes)
+        return style
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def get_html_style(self, theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None) -> str:
+        """Get a CSS style rule."""
+        theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
+        css: List[str] = []
+        append = css.append
+
+        color = self.color
+        bgcolor = self.bgcolor
+        if self.reverse:
+            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
+        if self.dim:
+            foreground_color = (
+                theme.foreground_color if color is None else color.get_truecolor(theme)
+            )
+            color = Color.from_triplet(
+                blend_rgb(foreground_color, theme.background_color, 0.5)
+            )
+        if color is not None:
+            theme_color = color.get_truecolor(theme)
+            append(f"color: {theme_color.hex}")
+            append(f"text-decoration-color: {theme_color.hex}")
+        if bgcolor is not None:
+            theme_color = bgcolor.get_truecolor(theme, foreground=False)
+            append(f"background-color: {theme_color.hex}")
+        if self.bold:
+            append("font-weight: bold")
+        if self.italic:
+            append("font-style: italic")
+        if self.underline:
+            append("text-decoration: underline")
+        if self.strike:
+            append("text-decoration: line-through")
+        if self.overline:
+            append("text-decoration: overline")
+        return "; ".join(css)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def combine(cls, styles: Iterable["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        """Combine styles and get result.
+
+        Args:
+            styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new style instance.
+        """
+        iter_styles = iter(styles)
+        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def chain(cls, *styles: "Style") -> "Style":
+        """Combine styles from positional argument in to a single style.
+
+        Args:
+            *styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new style instance.
+        """
+        iter_styles = iter(styles)
+        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of this style.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new Style instance with identical attributes.
+        """
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = self._link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
+        style._hash = self._hash
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = self._meta
+        return style
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=128)
+    def clear_meta_and_links(self) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy of this style with link and meta information removed.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: New style object.
+        """
+        if self._null:
+            return NULL_STYLE
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = None
+        style._link_id = ""
+        style._hash = self._hash
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = None
+        return style
+
+    def update_link(self, link: Optional[str] = None) -> "Style":
+        """Get a copy with a different value for link.
+
+        Args:
+            link (str, optional): New value for link. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A new Style instance.
+        """
+        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        style._ansi = self._ansi
+        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
+        style._color = self._color
+        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
+        style._attributes = self._attributes
+        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
+        style._link = link
+        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if link else ""
+        style._hash = None
+        style._null = False
+        style._meta = self._meta
+        return style
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        text: str = "",
+        *,
+        color_system: Optional[ColorSystem] = ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
+        legacy_windows: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render the ANSI codes for the style.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str, optional): A string to style. Defaults to "".
+            color_system (Optional[ColorSystem], optional): Color system to render to. Defaults to ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string containing ANSI style codes.
+        """
+        if not text or color_system is None:
+            return text
+        attrs = self._ansi or self._make_ansi_codes(color_system)
+        rendered = f"\x1b[{attrs}m{text}\x1b[0m" if attrs else text
+        if self._link and not legacy_windows:
+            rendered = (
+                f"\x1b]8;id={self._link_id};{self._link}\x1b\\{rendered}\x1b]8;;\x1b\\"
+            )
+        return rendered
+
+    def test(self, text: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Write text with style directly to terminal.
+
+        This method is for testing purposes only.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Optional[str], optional): Text to style or None for style name.
+
+        """
+        text = text or str(self)
+        sys.stdout.write(f"{self.render(text)}\n")
+
+    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+    def _add(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        if style is None or style._null:
+            return self
+        if self._null:
+            return style
+        new_style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
+        new_style._ansi = None
+        new_style._style_definition = None
+        new_style._color = style._color or self._color
+        new_style._bgcolor = style._bgcolor or self._bgcolor
+        new_style._attributes = (self._attributes & ~style._set_attributes) | (
+            style._attributes & style._set_attributes
+        )
+        new_style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes | style._set_attributes
+        new_style._link = style._link or self._link
+        new_style._link_id = style._link_id or self._link_id
+        new_style._null = style._null
+        if self._meta and style._meta:
+            new_style._meta = dumps({**self.meta, **style.meta})
+        else:
+            new_style._meta = self._meta or style._meta
+        new_style._hash = None
+        return new_style
+
+    def __add__(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
+        combined_style = self._add(style)
+        return combined_style.copy() if combined_style.link else combined_style
+
+
+NULL_STYLE = Style()
+
+
+class StyleStack:
+    """A stack of styles."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["_stack"]
+
+    def __init__(self, default_style: "Style") -> None:
+        self._stack: List[Style] = [default_style]
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<stylestack {self._stack!r}>"
+
+    @property
+    def current(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the Style at the top of the stack."""
+        return self._stack[-1]
+
+    def push(self, style: Style) -> None:
+        """Push a new style on to the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Style): New style to combine with current style.
+        """
+        self._stack.append(self._stack[-1] + style)
+
+    def pop(self) -> Style:
+        """Pop last style and discard.
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: New current style (also available as stack.current)
+        """
+        self._stack.pop()
+        return self._stack[-1]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91cd0db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/styled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
+
+
+class Styled:
+    """Apply a style to a renderable.
+
+    Args:
+        renderable (RenderableType): Any renderable.
+        style (StyleType): A style to apply across the entire renderable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, renderable: "RenderableType", style: "StyleType") -> None:
+        self.renderable = renderable
+        self.style = style
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        style = console.get_style(self.style)
+        rendered_segments = console.render(self.renderable, options)
+        segments = Segment.apply_style(rendered_segments, style)
+        return segments
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        return Measurement.get(console, options, self.renderable)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich import print
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+
+    panel = Styled(Panel("hello"), "on blue")
+    print(panel)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5703376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/syntax.py
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+import os.path
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexer import Lexer
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name, guess_lexer_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.style import Style as PygmentsStyle
+from pip._vendor.pygments.styles import get_style_by_name
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import (
+    Comment,
+    Error,
+    Generic,
+    Keyword,
+    Name,
+    Number,
+    Operator,
+    String,
+    Token,
+    Whitespace,
+)
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from pip._vendor.rich.containers import Lines
+from pip._vendor.rich.padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+
+from ._loop import loop_first
+from .cells import cell_len
+from .color import Color, blend_rgb
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, JustifyMethod, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment, Segments
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text
+
+TokenType = Tuple[str, ...]
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+DEFAULT_THEME = "monokai"
+
+# The following styles are based on https://github.com/pygments/pygments/blob/master/pygments/formatters/terminal.py
+# A few modifications were made
+
+ANSI_LIGHT: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {
+    Token: Style(),
+    Whitespace: Style(color="white"),
+    Comment: Style(dim=True),
+    Comment.Preproc: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Keyword: Style(color="blue"),
+    Keyword.Type: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Operator.Word: Style(color="magenta"),
+    Name.Builtin: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Function: Style(color="green"),
+    Name.Namespace: Style(color="cyan", underline=True),
+    Name.Class: Style(color="green", underline=True),
+    Name.Exception: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Decorator: Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    Name.Variable: Style(color="red"),
+    Name.Constant: Style(color="red"),
+    Name.Attribute: Style(color="cyan"),
+    Name.Tag: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    String: Style(color="yellow"),
+    Number: Style(color="blue"),
+    Generic.Deleted: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Generic.Inserted: Style(color="green"),
+    Generic.Heading: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Subheading: Style(color="magenta", bold=True),
+    Generic.Prompt: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Error: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Error: Style(color="red", underline=True),
+}
+
+ANSI_DARK: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {
+    Token: Style(),
+    Whitespace: Style(color="bright_black"),
+    Comment: Style(dim=True),
+    Comment.Preproc: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Keyword: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    Keyword.Type: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Operator.Word: Style(color="bright_magenta"),
+    Name.Builtin: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Function: Style(color="bright_green"),
+    Name.Namespace: Style(color="bright_cyan", underline=True),
+    Name.Class: Style(color="bright_green", underline=True),
+    Name.Exception: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Decorator: Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    Name.Variable: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Name.Constant: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Name.Attribute: Style(color="bright_cyan"),
+    Name.Tag: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    String: Style(color="yellow"),
+    Number: Style(color="bright_blue"),
+    Generic.Deleted: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Generic.Inserted: Style(color="bright_green"),
+    Generic.Heading: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Subheading: Style(color="bright_magenta", bold=True),
+    Generic.Prompt: Style(bold=True),
+    Generic.Error: Style(color="bright_red"),
+    Error: Style(color="red", underline=True),
+}
+
+RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES = {"ansi_light": ANSI_LIGHT, "ansi_dark": ANSI_DARK}
+NUMBERS_COLUMN_DEFAULT_PADDING = 2
+
+
+class SyntaxTheme(ABC):
+    """Base class for a syntax theme."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Get a style for a given Pygments token."""
+        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the background color."""
+        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class PygmentsSyntaxTheme(SyntaxTheme):
+    """Syntax theme that delegates to Pygments theme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, theme: Union[str, Type[PygmentsStyle]]) -> None:
+        self._style_cache: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {}
+        if isinstance(theme, str):
+            try:
+                self._pygments_style_class = get_style_by_name(theme)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                self._pygments_style_class = get_style_by_name("default")
+        else:
+            self._pygments_style_class = theme
+
+        self._background_color = self._pygments_style_class.background_color
+        self._background_style = Style(bgcolor=self._background_color)
+
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Get a style from a Pygments class."""
+        try:
+            return self._style_cache[token_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            try:
+                pygments_style = self._pygments_style_class.style_for_token(token_type)
+            except KeyError:
+                style = Style.null()
+            else:
+                color = pygments_style["color"]
+                bgcolor = pygments_style["bgcolor"]
+                style = Style(
+                    color="#" + color if color else "#000000",
+                    bgcolor="#" + bgcolor if bgcolor else self._background_color,
+                    bold=pygments_style["bold"],
+                    italic=pygments_style["italic"],
+                    underline=pygments_style["underline"],
+                )
+            self._style_cache[token_type] = style
+        return style
+
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        return self._background_style
+
+
+class ANSISyntaxTheme(SyntaxTheme):
+    """Syntax theme to use standard colors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, style_map: Dict[TokenType, Style]) -> None:
+        self.style_map = style_map
+        self._missing_style = Style.null()
+        self._background_style = Style.null()
+        self._style_cache: Dict[TokenType, Style] = {}
+
+    def get_style_for_token(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Style:
+        """Look up style in the style map."""
+        try:
+            return self._style_cache[token_type]
+        except KeyError:
+            # Styles form a hierarchy
+            # We need to go from most to least specific
+            # e.g. ("foo", "bar", "baz") to ("foo", "bar")  to ("foo",)
+            get_style = self.style_map.get
+            token = tuple(token_type)
+            style = self._missing_style
+            while token:
+                _style = get_style(token)
+                if _style is not None:
+                    style = _style
+                    break
+                token = token[:-1]
+            self._style_cache[token_type] = style
+            return style
+
+    def get_background_style(self) -> Style:
+        return self._background_style
+
+
+SyntaxPosition = Tuple[int, int]
+
+
+class _SyntaxHighlightRange(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    A range to highlight in a Syntax object.
+    `start` and `end` are 2-integers tuples, where the first integer is the line number
+    (starting from 1) and the second integer is the column index (starting from 0).
+    """
+
+    style: StyleType
+    start: SyntaxPosition
+    end: SyntaxPosition
+
+
+class Syntax(JupyterMixin):
+    """Construct a Syntax object to render syntax highlighted code.
+
+    Args:
+        code (str): Code to highlight.
+        lexer (Lexer | str): Lexer to use (see https://pygments.org/docs/lexers/)
+        theme (str, optional): Color theme, aka Pygments style (see https://pygments.org/docs/styles/#getting-a-list-of-available-styles). Defaults to "monokai".
+        dedent (bool, optional): Enable stripping of initial whitespace. Defaults to False.
+        line_numbers (bool, optional): Enable rendering of line numbers. Defaults to False.
+        start_line (int, optional): Starting number for line numbers. Defaults to 1.
+        line_range (Tuple[int | None, int | None], optional): If given should be a tuple of the start and end line to render.
+            A value of None in the tuple indicates the range is open in that direction.
+        highlight_lines (Set[int]): A set of line numbers to highlight.
+        code_width: Width of code to render (not including line numbers), or ``None`` to use all available width.
+        tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 4.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping.
+        background_color (str, optional): Optional background color, or None to use theme color. Defaults to None.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Show indent guides. Defaults to False.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions): Padding to apply around the syntax. Defaults to 0 (no padding).
+    """
+
+    _pygments_style_class: Type[PygmentsStyle]
+    _theme: SyntaxTheme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_theme(cls, name: Union[str, SyntaxTheme]) -> SyntaxTheme:
+        """Get a syntax theme instance."""
+        if isinstance(name, SyntaxTheme):
+            return name
+        theme: SyntaxTheme
+        if name in RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES:
+            theme = ANSISyntaxTheme(RICH_SYNTAX_THEMES[name])
+        else:
+            theme = PygmentsSyntaxTheme(name)
+        return theme
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: str,
+        lexer: Union[Lexer, str],
+        *,
+        theme: Union[str, SyntaxTheme] = DEFAULT_THEME,
+        dedent: bool = False,
+        line_numbers: bool = False,
+        start_line: int = 1,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]] = None,
+        highlight_lines: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
+        code_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 4,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        background_color: Optional[str] = None,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self._lexer = lexer
+        self.dedent = dedent
+        self.line_numbers = line_numbers
+        self.start_line = start_line
+        self.line_range = line_range
+        self.highlight_lines = highlight_lines or set()
+        self.code_width = code_width
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
+        self.background_color = background_color
+        self.background_style = (
+            Style(bgcolor=background_color) if background_color else Style()
+        )
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.padding = padding
+
+        self._theme = self.get_theme(theme)
+        self._stylized_ranges: List[_SyntaxHighlightRange] = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_path(
+        cls,
+        path: str,
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+        lexer: Optional[Union[Lexer, str]] = None,
+        theme: Union[str, SyntaxTheme] = DEFAULT_THEME,
+        dedent: bool = False,
+        line_numbers: bool = False,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
+        start_line: int = 1,
+        highlight_lines: Optional[Set[int]] = None,
+        code_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 4,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        background_color: Optional[str] = None,
+        indent_guides: bool = False,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+    ) -> "Syntax":
+        """Construct a Syntax object from a file.
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to file to highlight.
+            encoding (str): Encoding of file.
+            lexer (str | Lexer, optional): Lexer to use. If None, lexer will be auto-detected from path/file content.
+            theme (str, optional): Color theme, aka Pygments style (see https://pygments.org/docs/styles/#getting-a-list-of-available-styles). Defaults to "emacs".
+            dedent (bool, optional): Enable stripping of initial whitespace. Defaults to True.
+            line_numbers (bool, optional): Enable rendering of line numbers. Defaults to False.
+            start_line (int, optional): Starting number for line numbers. Defaults to 1.
+            line_range (Tuple[int, int], optional): If given should be a tuple of the start and end line to render.
+            highlight_lines (Set[int]): A set of line numbers to highlight.
+            code_width: Width of code to render (not including line numbers), or ``None`` to use all available width.
+            tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 4.
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of code.
+            background_color (str, optional): Optional background color, or None to use theme color. Defaults to None.
+            indent_guides (bool, optional): Show indent guides. Defaults to False.
+            padding (PaddingDimensions): Padding to apply around the syntax. Defaults to 0 (no padding).
+
+        Returns:
+            [Syntax]: A Syntax object that may be printed to the console
+        """
+        code = Path(path).read_text(encoding=encoding)
+
+        if not lexer:
+            lexer = cls.guess_lexer(path, code=code)
+
+        return cls(
+            code,
+            lexer,
+            theme=theme,
+            dedent=dedent,
+            line_numbers=line_numbers,
+            line_range=line_range,
+            start_line=start_line,
+            highlight_lines=highlight_lines,
+            code_width=code_width,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            background_color=background_color,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            padding=padding,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def guess_lexer(cls, path: str, code: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        """Guess the alias of the Pygments lexer to use based on a path and an optional string of code.
+        If code is supplied, it will use a combination of the code and the filename to determine the
+        best lexer to use. For example, if the file is ``index.html`` and the file contains Django
+        templating syntax, then "html+django" will be returned. If the file is ``index.html``, and no
+        templating language is used, the "html" lexer will be used. If no string of code
+        is supplied, the lexer will be chosen based on the file extension..
+
+        Args:
+             path (AnyStr): The path to the file containing the code you wish to know the lexer for.
+             code (str, optional): Optional string of code that will be used as a fallback if no lexer
+                is found for the supplied path.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: The name of the Pygments lexer that best matches the supplied path/code.
+        """
+        lexer: Optional[Lexer] = None
+        lexer_name = "default"
+        if code:
+            try:
+                lexer = guess_lexer_for_filename(path, code)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+
+        if not lexer:
+            try:
+                _, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
+                if ext:
+                    extension = ext.lstrip(".").lower()
+                    lexer = get_lexer_by_name(extension)
+            except ClassNotFound:
+                pass
+
+        if lexer:
+            if lexer.aliases:
+                lexer_name = lexer.aliases[0]
+            else:
+                lexer_name = lexer.name
+
+        return lexer_name
+
+    def _get_base_style(self) -> Style:
+        """Get the base style."""
+        default_style = self._theme.get_background_style() + self.background_style
+        return default_style
+
+    def _get_token_color(self, token_type: TokenType) -> Optional[Color]:
+        """Get a color (if any) for the given token.
+
+        Args:
+            token_type (TokenType): A token type tuple from Pygments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Color]: Color from theme, or None for no color.
+        """
+        style = self._theme.get_style_for_token(token_type)
+        return style.color
+
+    @property
+    def lexer(self) -> Optional[Lexer]:
+        """The lexer for this syntax, or None if no lexer was found.
+
+        Tries to find the lexer by name if a string was passed to the constructor.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(self._lexer, Lexer):
+            return self._lexer
+        try:
+            return get_lexer_by_name(
+                self._lexer,
+                stripnl=False,
+                ensurenl=True,
+                tabsize=self.tab_size,
+            )
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            return None
+
+    def highlight(
+        self,
+        code: str,
+        line_range: Optional[Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]] = None,
+    ) -> Text:
+        """Highlight code and return a Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            code (str): Code to highlight.
+            line_range(Tuple[int, int], optional): Optional line range to highlight.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A text instance containing highlighted syntax.
+        """
+
+        base_style = self._get_base_style()
+        justify: JustifyMethod = (
+            "default" if base_style.transparent_background else "left"
+        )
+
+        text = Text(
+            justify=justify,
+            style=base_style,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+            no_wrap=not self.word_wrap,
+        )
+        _get_theme_style = self._theme.get_style_for_token
+
+        lexer = self.lexer
+
+        if lexer is None:
+            text.append(code)
+        else:
+            if line_range:
+                # More complicated path to only stylize a portion of the code
+                # This speeds up further operations as there are less spans to process
+                line_start, line_end = line_range
+
+                def line_tokenize() -> Iterable[Tuple[Any, str]]:
+                    """Split tokens to one per line."""
+                    assert lexer  # required to make MyPy happy - we know lexer is not None at this point
+
+                    for token_type, token in lexer.get_tokens(code):
+                        while token:
+                            line_token, new_line, token = token.partition("\n")
+                            yield token_type, line_token + new_line
+
+                def tokens_to_spans() -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[Style]]]:
+                    """Convert tokens to spans."""
+                    tokens = iter(line_tokenize())
+                    line_no = 0
+                    _line_start = line_start - 1 if line_start else 0
+
+                    # Skip over tokens until line start
+                    while line_no < _line_start:
+                        try:
+                            _token_type, token = next(tokens)
+                        except StopIteration:
+                            break
+                        yield (token, None)
+                        if token.endswith("\n"):
+                            line_no += 1
+                    # Generate spans until line end
+                    for token_type, token in tokens:
+                        yield (token, _get_theme_style(token_type))
+                        if token.endswith("\n"):
+                            line_no += 1
+                            if line_end and line_no >= line_end:
+                                break
+
+                text.append_tokens(tokens_to_spans())
+
+            else:
+                text.append_tokens(
+                    (token, _get_theme_style(token_type))
+                    for token_type, token in lexer.get_tokens(code)
+                )
+            if self.background_color is not None:
+                text.stylize(f"on {self.background_color}")
+
+        if self._stylized_ranges:
+            self._apply_stylized_ranges(text)
+
+        return text
+
+    def stylize_range(
+        self, style: StyleType, start: SyntaxPosition, end: SyntaxPosition
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a custom style on a part of the code, that will be applied to the syntax display when it's rendered.
+        Line numbers are 1-based, while column indexes are 0-based.
+
+        Args:
+            style (StyleType): The style to apply.
+            start (Tuple[int, int]): The start of the range, in the form `[line number, column index]`.
+            end (Tuple[int, int]): The end of the range, in the form `[line number, column index]`.
+        """
+        self._stylized_ranges.append(_SyntaxHighlightRange(style, start, end))
+
+    def _get_line_numbers_color(self, blend: float = 0.3) -> Color:
+        background_style = self._theme.get_background_style() + self.background_style
+        background_color = background_style.bgcolor
+        if background_color is None or background_color.is_system_defined:
+            return Color.default()
+        foreground_color = self._get_token_color(Token.Text)
+        if foreground_color is None or foreground_color.is_system_defined:
+            return foreground_color or Color.default()
+        new_color = blend_rgb(
+            background_color.get_truecolor(),
+            foreground_color.get_truecolor(),
+            cross_fade=blend,
+        )
+        return Color.from_triplet(new_color)
+
+    @property
+    def _numbers_column_width(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of characters used to render the numbers column."""
+        column_width = 0
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            column_width = (
+                len(str(self.start_line + self.code.count("\n")))
+                + NUMBERS_COLUMN_DEFAULT_PADDING
+            )
+        return column_width
+
+    def _get_number_styles(self, console: Console) -> Tuple[Style, Style, Style]:
+        """Get background, number, and highlight styles for line numbers."""
+        background_style = self._get_base_style()
+        if background_style.transparent_background:
+            return Style.null(), Style(dim=True), Style.null()
+        if console.color_system in ("256", "truecolor"):
+            number_style = Style.chain(
+                background_style,
+                self._theme.get_style_for_token(Token.Text),
+                Style(color=self._get_line_numbers_color()),
+                self.background_style,
+            )
+            highlight_number_style = Style.chain(
+                background_style,
+                self._theme.get_style_for_token(Token.Text),
+                Style(bold=True, color=self._get_line_numbers_color(0.9)),
+                self.background_style,
+            )
+        else:
+            number_style = background_style + Style(dim=True)
+            highlight_number_style = background_style + Style(dim=False)
+        return background_style, number_style, highlight_number_style
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        _, right, _, left = Padding.unpack(self.padding)
+        padding = left + right
+        if self.code_width is not None:
+            width = self.code_width + self._numbers_column_width + padding + 1
+            return Measurement(self._numbers_column_width, width)
+        lines = self.code.splitlines()
+        width = (
+            self._numbers_column_width
+            + padding
+            + (max(cell_len(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0)
+        )
+        if self.line_numbers:
+            width += 1
+        return Measurement(self._numbers_column_width, width)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        segments = Segments(self._get_syntax(console, options))
+        if self.padding:
+            yield Padding(
+                segments, style=self._theme.get_background_style(), pad=self.padding
+            )
+        else:
+            yield segments
+
+    def _get_syntax(
+        self,
+        console: Console,
+        options: ConsoleOptions,
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        """
+        Get the Segments for the Syntax object, excluding any vertical/horizontal padding
+        """
+        transparent_background = self._get_base_style().transparent_background
+        code_width = (
+            (
+                (options.max_width - self._numbers_column_width - 1)
+                if self.line_numbers
+                else options.max_width
+            )
+            if self.code_width is None
+            else self.code_width
+        )
+
+        ends_on_nl, processed_code = self._process_code(self.code)
+        text = self.highlight(processed_code, self.line_range)
+
+        if not self.line_numbers and not self.word_wrap and not self.line_range:
+            if not ends_on_nl:
+                text.remove_suffix("\n")
+            # Simple case of just rendering text
+            style = (
+                self._get_base_style()
+                + self._theme.get_style_for_token(Comment)
+                + Style(dim=True)
+                + self.background_style
+            )
+            if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+                text = text.with_indent_guides(self.tab_size, style=style)
+                text.overflow = "crop"
+            if style.transparent_background:
+                yield from console.render(
+                    text, options=options.update(width=code_width)
+                )
+            else:
+                syntax_lines = console.render_lines(
+                    text,
+                    options.update(width=code_width, height=None, justify="left"),
+                    style=self.background_style,
+                    pad=True,
+                    new_lines=True,
+                )
+                for syntax_line in syntax_lines:
+                    yield from syntax_line
+            return
+
+        start_line, end_line = self.line_range or (None, None)
+        line_offset = 0
+        if start_line:
+            line_offset = max(0, start_line - 1)
+        lines: Union[List[Text], Lines] = text.split("\n", allow_blank=ends_on_nl)
+        if self.line_range:
+            if line_offset > len(lines):
+                return
+            lines = lines[line_offset:end_line]
+
+        if self.indent_guides and not options.ascii_only:
+            style = (
+                self._get_base_style()
+                + self._theme.get_style_for_token(Comment)
+                + Style(dim=True)
+                + self.background_style
+            )
+            lines = (
+                Text("\n")
+                .join(lines)
+                .with_indent_guides(self.tab_size, style=style + Style(italic=False))
+                .split("\n", allow_blank=True)
+            )
+
+        numbers_column_width = self._numbers_column_width
+        render_options = options.update(width=code_width)
+
+        highlight_line = self.highlight_lines.__contains__
+        _Segment = Segment
+        new_line = _Segment("\n")
+
+        line_pointer = "> " if options.legacy_windows else "❱ "
+
+        (
+            background_style,
+            number_style,
+            highlight_number_style,
+        ) = self._get_number_styles(console)
+
+        for line_no, line in enumerate(lines, self.start_line + line_offset):
+            if self.word_wrap:
+                wrapped_lines = console.render_lines(
+                    line,
+                    render_options.update(height=None, justify="left"),
+                    style=background_style,
+                    pad=not transparent_background,
+                )
+            else:
+                segments = list(line.render(console, end=""))
+                if options.no_wrap:
+                    wrapped_lines = [segments]
+                else:
+                    wrapped_lines = [
+                        _Segment.adjust_line_length(
+                            segments,
+                            render_options.max_width,
+                            style=background_style,
+                            pad=not transparent_background,
+                        )
+                    ]
+
+            if self.line_numbers:
+                wrapped_line_left_pad = _Segment(
+                    " " * numbers_column_width + " ", background_style
+                )
+                for first, wrapped_line in loop_first(wrapped_lines):
+                    if first:
+                        line_column = str(line_no).rjust(numbers_column_width - 2) + " "
+                        if highlight_line(line_no):
+                            yield _Segment(line_pointer, Style(color="red"))
+                            yield _Segment(line_column, highlight_number_style)
+                        else:
+                            yield _Segment("  ", highlight_number_style)
+                            yield _Segment(line_column, number_style)
+                    else:
+                        yield wrapped_line_left_pad
+                    yield from wrapped_line
+                    yield new_line
+            else:
+                for wrapped_line in wrapped_lines:
+                    yield from wrapped_line
+                    yield new_line
+
+    def _apply_stylized_ranges(self, text: Text) -> None:
+        """
+        Apply stylized ranges to a text instance,
+        using the given code to determine the right portion to apply the style to.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): Text instance to apply the style to.
+        """
+        code = text.plain
+        newlines_offsets = [
+            # Let's add outer boundaries at each side of the list:
+            0,
+            # N.B. using "\n" here is much faster than using metacharacters such as "^" or "\Z":
+            *[
+                match.start() + 1
+                for match in re.finditer("\n", code, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+            ],
+            len(code) + 1,
+        ]
+
+        for stylized_range in self._stylized_ranges:
+            start = _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+                newlines_offsets, stylized_range.start
+            )
+            end = _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+                newlines_offsets, stylized_range.end
+            )
+            if start is not None and end is not None:
+                text.stylize(stylized_range.style, start, end)
+
+    def _process_code(self, code: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
+        """
+        Applies various processing to a raw code string
+        (normalises it so it always ends with a line return, dedents it if necessary, etc.)
+
+        Args:
+            code (str): The raw code string to process
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple[bool, str]: the boolean indicates whether the raw code ends with a line return,
+                while the string is the processed code.
+        """
+        ends_on_nl = code.endswith("\n")
+        processed_code = code if ends_on_nl else code + "\n"
+        processed_code = (
+            textwrap.dedent(processed_code) if self.dedent else processed_code
+        )
+        processed_code = processed_code.expandtabs(self.tab_size)
+        return ends_on_nl, processed_code
+
+
+def _get_code_index_for_syntax_position(
+    newlines_offsets: Sequence[int], position: SyntaxPosition
+) -> Optional[int]:
+    """
+    Returns the index of the code string for the given positions.
+
+    Args:
+        newlines_offsets (Sequence[int]): The offset of each newline character found in the code snippet.
+        position (SyntaxPosition): The position to search for.
+
+    Returns:
+        Optional[int]: The index of the code string for this position, or `None`
+            if the given position's line number is out of range (if it's the column that is out of range
+            we silently clamp its value so that it reaches the end of the line)
+    """
+    lines_count = len(newlines_offsets)
+
+    line_number, column_index = position
+    if line_number > lines_count or len(newlines_offsets) < (line_number + 1):
+        return None  # `line_number` is out of range
+    line_index = line_number - 1
+    line_length = newlines_offsets[line_index + 1] - newlines_offsets[line_index] - 1
+    # If `column_index` is out of range: let's silently clamp it:
+    column_index = min(line_length, column_index)
+    return newlines_offsets[line_index] + column_index
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    import argparse
+    import sys
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Render syntax to the console with Rich"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "path",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="path to file, or - for stdin",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-c",
+        "--force-color",
+        dest="force_color",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=None,
+        help="force color for non-terminals",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--indent-guides",
+        dest="indent_guides",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="display indent guides",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l",
+        "--line-numbers",
+        dest="line_numbers",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="render line numbers",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-w",
+        "--width",
+        type=int,
+        dest="width",
+        default=None,
+        help="width of output (default will auto-detect)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-r",
+        "--wrap",
+        dest="word_wrap",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="word wrap long lines",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-s",
+        "--soft-wrap",
+        action="store_true",
+        dest="soft_wrap",
+        default=False,
+        help="enable soft wrapping mode",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t", "--theme", dest="theme", default="monokai", help="pygments theme"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-b",
+        "--background-color",
+        dest="background_color",
+        default=None,
+        help="Override background color",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-x",
+        "--lexer",
+        default=None,
+        dest="lexer_name",
+        help="Lexer name",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-p", "--padding", type=int, default=0, dest="padding", help="Padding"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--highlight-line",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        dest="highlight_line",
+        help="The line number (not index!) to highlight",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    console = Console(force_terminal=args.force_color, width=args.width)
+
+    if args.path == "-":
+        code = sys.stdin.read()
+        syntax = Syntax(
+            code=code,
+            lexer=args.lexer_name,
+            line_numbers=args.line_numbers,
+            word_wrap=args.word_wrap,
+            theme=args.theme,
+            background_color=args.background_color,
+            indent_guides=args.indent_guides,
+            padding=args.padding,
+            highlight_lines={args.highlight_line},
+        )
+    else:
+        syntax = Syntax.from_path(
+            args.path,
+            lexer=args.lexer_name,
+            line_numbers=args.line_numbers,
+            word_wrap=args.word_wrap,
+            theme=args.theme,
+            background_color=args.background_color,
+            indent_guides=args.indent_guides,
+            padding=args.padding,
+            highlight_lines={args.highlight_line},
+        )
+    console.print(syntax, soft_wrap=args.soft_wrap)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17409f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/table.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1002 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from . import box, errors
+from ._loop import loop_first_last, loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from ._ratio import ratio_distribute, ratio_reduce
+from .align import VerticalAlignMethod
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .padding import Padding, PaddingDimensions
+from .protocol import is_renderable
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+from .text import Text, TextType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .console import (
+        Console,
+        ConsoleOptions,
+        JustifyMethod,
+        OverflowMethod,
+        RenderableType,
+        RenderResult,
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Column:
+    """Defines a column within a ~Table.
+
+    Args:
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): The title of the table rendered at the top. Defaults to None.
+        caption (Union[str, Text], optional): The table caption rendered below. Defaults to None.
+        width (int, optional): The width in characters of the table, or ``None`` to automatically fit. Defaults to None.
+        min_width (Optional[int], optional): The minimum width of the table, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+        box (box.Box, optional): One of the constants in box.py used to draw the edges (see :ref:`appendix_box`), or ``None`` for no box lines. Defaults to box.HEAVY_HEAD.
+        safe_box (Optional[bool], optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Padding for cells (top, right, bottom, left). Defaults to (0, 1).
+        collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to False.
+        pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding of edge cells. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+        show_header (bool, optional): Show a header row. Defaults to True.
+        show_footer (bool, optional): Show a footer row. Defaults to False.
+        show_edge (bool, optional): Draw a box around the outside of the table. Defaults to True.
+        show_lines (bool, optional): Draw lines between every row. Defaults to False.
+        leading (bool, optional): Number of blank lines between rows (precludes ``show_lines``). Defaults to 0.
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Default style for the table. Defaults to "none".
+        row_styles (List[Union, str], optional): Optional list of row styles, if more than one style is given then the styles will alternate. Defaults to None.
+        header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the header. Defaults to "table.header".
+        footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the footer. Defaults to "table.footer".
+        border_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the border. Defaults to None.
+        title_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the title. Defaults to None.
+        caption_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the caption. Defaults to None.
+        title_justify (str, optional): Justify method for title. Defaults to "center".
+        caption_justify (str, optional): Justify method for caption. Defaults to "center".
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight cell contents (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    header: "RenderableType" = ""
+    """RenderableType: Renderable for the header (typically a string)"""
+
+    footer: "RenderableType" = ""
+    """RenderableType: Renderable for the footer (typically a string)"""
+
+    header_style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the header."""
+
+    footer_style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the footer."""
+
+    style: StyleType = ""
+    """StyleType: The style of the column."""
+
+    justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left"
+    """str: How to justify text within the column ("left", "center", "right", or "full")"""
+
+    vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod" = "top"
+    """str: How to vertically align content ("top", "middle", or "bottom")"""
+
+    overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ellipsis"
+    """str: Overflow method."""
+
+    width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Width of the column, or ``None`` (default) to auto calculate width."""
+
+    min_width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Minimum width of column, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None."""
+
+    max_width: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Maximum width of column, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None."""
+
+    ratio: Optional[int] = None
+    """Optional[int]: Ratio to use when calculating column width, or ``None`` (default) to adapt to column contents."""
+
+    no_wrap: bool = False
+    """bool: Prevent wrapping of text within the column. Defaults to ``False``."""
+
+    _index: int = 0
+    """Index of column."""
+
+    _cells: List["RenderableType"] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Column":
+        """Return a copy of this Column."""
+        return replace(self, _cells=[])
+
+    @property
+    def cells(self) -> Iterable["RenderableType"]:
+        """Get all cells in the column, not including header."""
+        yield from self._cells
+
+    @property
+    def flexible(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this column is flexible."""
+        return self.ratio is not None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Row:
+    """Information regarding a row."""
+
+    style: Optional[StyleType] = None
+    """Style to apply to row."""
+
+    end_section: bool = False
+    """Indicated end of section, which will force a line beneath the row."""
+
+
+class _Cell(NamedTuple):
+    """A single cell in a table."""
+
+    style: StyleType
+    """Style to apply to cell."""
+    renderable: "RenderableType"
+    """Cell renderable."""
+    vertical: VerticalAlignMethod
+    """Cell vertical alignment."""
+
+
+class Table(JupyterMixin):
+    """A console renderable to draw a table.
+
+    Args:
+        *headers (Union[Column, str]): Column headers, either as a string, or :class:`~rich.table.Column` instance.
+        title (Union[str, Text], optional): The title of the table rendered at the top. Defaults to None.
+        caption (Union[str, Text], optional): The table caption rendered below. Defaults to None.
+        width (int, optional): The width in characters of the table, or ``None`` to automatically fit. Defaults to None.
+        min_width (Optional[int], optional): The minimum width of the table, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+        box (box.Box, optional): One of the constants in box.py used to draw the edges (see :ref:`appendix_box`), or ``None`` for no box lines. Defaults to box.HEAVY_HEAD.
+        safe_box (Optional[bool], optional): Disable box characters that don't display on windows legacy terminal with *raster* fonts. Defaults to True.
+        padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Padding for cells (top, right, bottom, left). Defaults to (0, 1).
+        collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to False.
+        pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding of edge cells. Defaults to True.
+        expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+        show_header (bool, optional): Show a header row. Defaults to True.
+        show_footer (bool, optional): Show a footer row. Defaults to False.
+        show_edge (bool, optional): Draw a box around the outside of the table. Defaults to True.
+        show_lines (bool, optional): Draw lines between every row. Defaults to False.
+        leading (bool, optional): Number of blank lines between rows (precludes ``show_lines``). Defaults to 0.
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Default style for the table. Defaults to "none".
+        row_styles (List[Union, str], optional): Optional list of row styles, if more than one style is given then the styles will alternate. Defaults to None.
+        header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the header. Defaults to "table.header".
+        footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the footer. Defaults to "table.footer".
+        border_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the border. Defaults to None.
+        title_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the title. Defaults to None.
+        caption_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style of the caption. Defaults to None.
+        title_justify (str, optional): Justify method for title. Defaults to "center".
+        caption_justify (str, optional): Justify method for caption. Defaults to "center".
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight cell contents (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    columns: List[Column]
+    rows: List[Row]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *headers: Union[Column, str],
+        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        caption: Optional[TextType] = None,
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        min_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        box: Optional[box.Box] = box.HEAVY_HEAD,
+        safe_box: Optional[bool] = None,
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = (0, 1),
+        collapse_padding: bool = False,
+        pad_edge: bool = True,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        show_header: bool = True,
+        show_footer: bool = False,
+        show_edge: bool = True,
+        show_lines: bool = False,
+        leading: int = 0,
+        style: StyleType = "none",
+        row_styles: Optional[Iterable[StyleType]] = None,
+        header_style: Optional[StyleType] = "table.header",
+        footer_style: Optional[StyleType] = "table.footer",
+        border_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        title_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        caption_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        title_justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center",
+        caption_justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center",
+        highlight: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.columns: List[Column] = []
+        self.rows: List[Row] = []
+        self.title = title
+        self.caption = caption
+        self.width = width
+        self.min_width = min_width
+        self.box = box
+        self.safe_box = safe_box
+        self._padding = Padding.unpack(padding)
+        self.pad_edge = pad_edge
+        self._expand = expand
+        self.show_header = show_header
+        self.show_footer = show_footer
+        self.show_edge = show_edge
+        self.show_lines = show_lines
+        self.leading = leading
+        self.collapse_padding = collapse_padding
+        self.style = style
+        self.header_style = header_style or ""
+        self.footer_style = footer_style or ""
+        self.border_style = border_style
+        self.title_style = title_style
+        self.caption_style = caption_style
+        self.title_justify: "JustifyMethod" = title_justify
+        self.caption_justify: "JustifyMethod" = caption_justify
+        self.highlight = highlight
+        self.row_styles: Sequence[StyleType] = list(row_styles or [])
+        append_column = self.columns.append
+        for header in headers:
+            if isinstance(header, str):
+                self.add_column(header=header)
+            else:
+                header._index = len(self.columns)
+                append_column(header)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def grid(
+        cls,
+        *headers: Union[Column, str],
+        padding: PaddingDimensions = 0,
+        collapse_padding: bool = True,
+        pad_edge: bool = False,
+        expand: bool = False,
+    ) -> "Table":
+        """Get a table with no lines, headers, or footer.
+
+        Args:
+            *headers (Union[Column, str]): Column headers, either as a string, or :class:`~rich.table.Column` instance.
+            padding (PaddingDimensions, optional): Get padding around cells. Defaults to 0.
+            collapse_padding (bool, optional): Enable collapsing of padding around cells. Defaults to True.
+            pad_edge (bool, optional): Enable padding around edges of table. Defaults to False.
+            expand (bool, optional): Expand the table to fit the available space if ``True``, otherwise the table width will be auto-calculated. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Table: A table instance.
+        """
+        return cls(
+            *headers,
+            box=None,
+            padding=padding,
+            collapse_padding=collapse_padding,
+            show_header=False,
+            show_footer=False,
+            show_edge=False,
+            pad_edge=pad_edge,
+            expand=expand,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def expand(self) -> bool:
+        """Setting a non-None self.width implies expand."""
+        return self._expand or self.width is not None
+
+    @expand.setter
+    def expand(self, expand: bool) -> None:
+        """Set expand."""
+        self._expand = expand
+
+    @property
+    def _extra_width(self) -> int:
+        """Get extra width to add to cell content."""
+        width = 0
+        if self.box and self.show_edge:
+            width += 2
+        if self.box:
+            width += len(self.columns) - 1
+        return width
+
+    @property
+    def row_count(self) -> int:
+        """Get the current number of rows."""
+        return len(self.rows)
+
+    def get_row_style(self, console: "Console", index: int) -> StyleType:
+        """Get the current row style."""
+        style = Style.null()
+        if self.row_styles:
+            style += console.get_style(self.row_styles[index % len(self.row_styles)])
+        row_style = self.rows[index].style
+        if row_style is not None:
+            style += console.get_style(row_style)
+        return style
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if self.width is not None:
+            max_width = self.width
+        if max_width < 0:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        max_width = sum(
+            self._calculate_column_widths(
+                console, options.update_width(max_width - extra_width)
+            )
+        )
+        _measure_column = self._measure_column
+
+        measurements = [
+            _measure_column(console, options.update_width(max_width), column)
+            for column in self.columns
+        ]
+        minimum_width = (
+            sum(measurement.minimum for measurement in measurements) + extra_width
+        )
+        maximum_width = (
+            sum(measurement.maximum for measurement in measurements) + extra_width
+            if (self.width is None)
+            else self.width
+        )
+        measurement = Measurement(minimum_width, maximum_width)
+        measurement = measurement.clamp(self.min_width)
+        return measurement
+
+    @property
+    def padding(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+        """Get cell padding."""
+        return self._padding
+
+    @padding.setter
+    def padding(self, padding: PaddingDimensions) -> "Table":
+        """Set cell padding."""
+        self._padding = Padding.unpack(padding)
+        return self
+
+    def add_column(
+        self,
+        header: "RenderableType" = "",
+        footer: "RenderableType" = "",
+        *,
+        header_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        footer_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        justify: "JustifyMethod" = "left",
+        vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod" = "top",
+        overflow: "OverflowMethod" = "ellipsis",
+        width: Optional[int] = None,
+        min_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        max_width: Optional[int] = None,
+        ratio: Optional[int] = None,
+        no_wrap: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a column to the table.
+
+        Args:
+            header (RenderableType, optional): Text or renderable for the header.
+                Defaults to "".
+            footer (RenderableType, optional): Text or renderable for the footer.
+                Defaults to "".
+            header_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the header, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            footer_style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the footer, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Style for the column cells, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            justify (JustifyMethod, optional): Alignment for cells. Defaults to "left".
+            vertical (VerticalAlignMethod, optional): Vertical alignment, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom". Defaults to "top".
+            overflow (OverflowMethod): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to "ellipsis".
+            width (int, optional): Desired width of column in characters, or None to fit to contents. Defaults to None.
+            min_width (Optional[int], optional): Minimum width of column, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
+            max_width (Optional[int], optional): Maximum width of column, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.
+            ratio (int, optional): Flexible ratio for the column (requires ``Table.expand`` or ``Table.width``). Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Set to ``True`` to disable wrapping of this column.
+        """
+
+        column = Column(
+            _index=len(self.columns),
+            header=header,
+            footer=footer,
+            header_style=header_style or "",
+            footer_style=footer_style or "",
+            style=style or "",
+            justify=justify,
+            vertical=vertical,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            width=width,
+            min_width=min_width,
+            max_width=max_width,
+            ratio=ratio,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+        )
+        self.columns.append(column)
+
+    def add_row(
+        self,
+        *renderables: Optional["RenderableType"],
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        end_section: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a row of renderables.
+
+        Args:
+            *renderables (None or renderable): Each cell in a row must be a renderable object (including str),
+                or ``None`` for a blank cell.
+            style (StyleType, optional): An optional style to apply to the entire row. Defaults to None.
+            end_section (bool, optional): End a section and draw a line. Defaults to False.
+
+        Raises:
+            errors.NotRenderableError: If you add something that can't be rendered.
+        """
+
+        def add_cell(column: Column, renderable: "RenderableType") -> None:
+            column._cells.append(renderable)
+
+        cell_renderables: List[Optional["RenderableType"]] = list(renderables)
+
+        columns = self.columns
+        if len(cell_renderables) < len(columns):
+            cell_renderables = [
+                *cell_renderables,
+                *[None] * (len(columns) - len(cell_renderables)),
+            ]
+        for index, renderable in enumerate(cell_renderables):
+            if index == len(columns):
+                column = Column(_index=index)
+                for _ in self.rows:
+                    add_cell(column, Text(""))
+                self.columns.append(column)
+            else:
+                column = columns[index]
+            if renderable is None:
+                add_cell(column, "")
+            elif is_renderable(renderable):
+                add_cell(column, renderable)
+            else:
+                raise errors.NotRenderableError(
+                    f"unable to render {type(renderable).__name__}; a string or other renderable object is required"
+                )
+        self.rows.append(Row(style=style, end_section=end_section))
+
+    def add_section(self) -> None:
+        """Add a new section (draw a line after current row)."""
+
+        if self.rows:
+            self.rows[-1].end_section = True
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+
+        if not self.columns:
+            yield Segment("\n")
+            return
+
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if self.width is not None:
+            max_width = self.width
+
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        widths = self._calculate_column_widths(
+            console, options.update_width(max_width - extra_width)
+        )
+        table_width = sum(widths) + extra_width
+
+        render_options = options.update(
+            width=table_width, highlight=self.highlight, height=None
+        )
+
+        def render_annotation(
+            text: TextType, style: StyleType, justify: "JustifyMethod" = "center"
+        ) -> "RenderResult":
+            render_text = (
+                console.render_str(text, style=style, highlight=False)
+                if isinstance(text, str)
+                else text
+            )
+            return console.render(
+                render_text, options=render_options.update(justify=justify)
+            )
+
+        if self.title:
+            yield from render_annotation(
+                self.title,
+                style=Style.pick_first(self.title_style, "table.title"),
+                justify=self.title_justify,
+            )
+        yield from self._render(console, render_options, widths)
+        if self.caption:
+            yield from render_annotation(
+                self.caption,
+                style=Style.pick_first(self.caption_style, "table.caption"),
+                justify=self.caption_justify,
+            )
+
+    def _calculate_column_widths(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Calculate the widths of each column, including padding, not including borders."""
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        columns = self.columns
+        width_ranges = [
+            self._measure_column(console, options, column) for column in columns
+        ]
+        widths = [_range.maximum or 1 for _range in width_ranges]
+        get_padding_width = self._get_padding_width
+        extra_width = self._extra_width
+        if self.expand:
+            ratios = [col.ratio or 0 for col in columns if col.flexible]
+            if any(ratios):
+                fixed_widths = [
+                    0 if column.flexible else _range.maximum
+                    for _range, column in zip(width_ranges, columns)
+                ]
+                flex_minimum = [
+                    (column.width or 1) + get_padding_width(column._index)
+                    for column in columns
+                    if column.flexible
+                ]
+                flexible_width = max_width - sum(fixed_widths)
+                flex_widths = ratio_distribute(flexible_width, ratios, flex_minimum)
+                iter_flex_widths = iter(flex_widths)
+                for index, column in enumerate(columns):
+                    if column.flexible:
+                        widths[index] = fixed_widths[index] + next(iter_flex_widths)
+        table_width = sum(widths)
+
+        if table_width > max_width:
+            widths = self._collapse_widths(
+                widths,
+                [(column.width is None and not column.no_wrap) for column in columns],
+                max_width,
+            )
+            table_width = sum(widths)
+            # last resort, reduce columns evenly
+            if table_width > max_width:
+                excess_width = table_width - max_width
+                widths = ratio_reduce(excess_width, [1] * len(widths), widths, widths)
+                table_width = sum(widths)
+
+            width_ranges = [
+                self._measure_column(console, options.update_width(width), column)
+                for width, column in zip(widths, columns)
+            ]
+            widths = [_range.maximum or 0 for _range in width_ranges]
+
+        if (table_width < max_width and self.expand) or (
+            self.min_width is not None and table_width < (self.min_width - extra_width)
+        ):
+            _max_width = (
+                max_width
+                if self.min_width is None
+                else min(self.min_width - extra_width, max_width)
+            )
+            pad_widths = ratio_distribute(_max_width - table_width, widths)
+            widths = [_width + pad for _width, pad in zip(widths, pad_widths)]
+
+        return widths
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _collapse_widths(
+        cls, widths: List[int], wrapable: List[bool], max_width: int
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Reduce widths so that the total is under max_width.
+
+        Args:
+            widths (List[int]): List of widths.
+            wrapable (List[bool]): List of booleans that indicate if a column may shrink.
+            max_width (int): Maximum width to reduce to.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[int]: A new list of widths.
+        """
+        total_width = sum(widths)
+        excess_width = total_width - max_width
+        if any(wrapable):
+            while total_width and excess_width > 0:
+                max_column = max(
+                    width for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable) if allow_wrap
+                )
+                second_max_column = max(
+                    width if allow_wrap and width != max_column else 0
+                    for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable)
+                )
+                column_difference = max_column - second_max_column
+                ratios = [
+                    (1 if (width == max_column and allow_wrap) else 0)
+                    for width, allow_wrap in zip(widths, wrapable)
+                ]
+                if not any(ratios) or not column_difference:
+                    break
+                max_reduce = [min(excess_width, column_difference)] * len(widths)
+                widths = ratio_reduce(excess_width, ratios, max_reduce, widths)
+
+                total_width = sum(widths)
+                excess_width = total_width - max_width
+        return widths
+
+    def _get_cells(
+        self, console: "Console", column_index: int, column: Column
+    ) -> Iterable[_Cell]:
+        """Get all the cells with padding and optional header."""
+
+        collapse_padding = self.collapse_padding
+        pad_edge = self.pad_edge
+        padding = self.padding
+        any_padding = any(padding)
+
+        first_column = column_index == 0
+        last_column = column_index == len(self.columns) - 1
+
+        _padding_cache: Dict[Tuple[bool, bool], Tuple[int, int, int, int]] = {}
+
+        def get_padding(first_row: bool, last_row: bool) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+            cached = _padding_cache.get((first_row, last_row))
+            if cached:
+                return cached
+            top, right, bottom, left = padding
+
+            if collapse_padding:
+                if not first_column:
+                    left = max(0, left - right)
+                if not last_row:
+                    bottom = max(0, top - bottom)
+
+            if not pad_edge:
+                if first_column:
+                    left = 0
+                if last_column:
+                    right = 0
+                if first_row:
+                    top = 0
+                if last_row:
+                    bottom = 0
+            _padding = (top, right, bottom, left)
+            _padding_cache[(first_row, last_row)] = _padding
+            return _padding
+
+        raw_cells: List[Tuple[StyleType, "RenderableType"]] = []
+        _append = raw_cells.append
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        if self.show_header:
+            header_style = get_style(self.header_style or "") + get_style(
+                column.header_style
+            )
+            _append((header_style, column.header))
+        cell_style = get_style(column.style or "")
+        for cell in column.cells:
+            _append((cell_style, cell))
+        if self.show_footer:
+            footer_style = get_style(self.footer_style or "") + get_style(
+                column.footer_style
+            )
+            _append((footer_style, column.footer))
+
+        if any_padding:
+            _Padding = Padding
+            for first, last, (style, renderable) in loop_first_last(raw_cells):
+                yield _Cell(
+                    style,
+                    _Padding(renderable, get_padding(first, last)),
+                    getattr(renderable, "vertical", None) or column.vertical,
+                )
+        else:
+            for (style, renderable) in raw_cells:
+                yield _Cell(
+                    style,
+                    renderable,
+                    getattr(renderable, "vertical", None) or column.vertical,
+                )
+
+    def _get_padding_width(self, column_index: int) -> int:
+        """Get extra width from padding."""
+        _, pad_right, _, pad_left = self.padding
+        if self.collapse_padding:
+            if column_index > 0:
+                pad_left = max(0, pad_left - pad_right)
+        return pad_left + pad_right
+
+    def _measure_column(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        options: "ConsoleOptions",
+        column: Column,
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        """Get the minimum and maximum width of the column."""
+
+        max_width = options.max_width
+        if max_width < 1:
+            return Measurement(0, 0)
+
+        padding_width = self._get_padding_width(column._index)
+
+        if column.width is not None:
+            # Fixed width column
+            return Measurement(
+                column.width + padding_width, column.width + padding_width
+            ).with_maximum(max_width)
+        # Flexible column, we need to measure contents
+        min_widths: List[int] = []
+        max_widths: List[int] = []
+        append_min = min_widths.append
+        append_max = max_widths.append
+        get_render_width = Measurement.get
+        for cell in self._get_cells(console, column._index, column):
+            _min, _max = get_render_width(console, options, cell.renderable)
+            append_min(_min)
+            append_max(_max)
+
+        measurement = Measurement(
+            max(min_widths) if min_widths else 1,
+            max(max_widths) if max_widths else max_width,
+        ).with_maximum(max_width)
+        measurement = measurement.clamp(
+            None if column.min_width is None else column.min_width + padding_width,
+            None if column.max_width is None else column.max_width + padding_width,
+        )
+        return measurement
+
+    def _render(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", widths: List[int]
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+        table_style = console.get_style(self.style or "")
+
+        border_style = table_style + console.get_style(self.border_style or "")
+        _column_cells = (
+            self._get_cells(console, column_index, column)
+            for column_index, column in enumerate(self.columns)
+        )
+        row_cells: List[Tuple[_Cell, ...]] = list(zip(*_column_cells))
+        _box = (
+            self.box.substitute(
+                options, safe=pick_bool(self.safe_box, console.safe_box)
+            )
+            if self.box
+            else None
+        )
+        _box = _box.get_plain_headed_box() if _box and not self.show_header else _box
+
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+
+        columns = self.columns
+        show_header = self.show_header
+        show_footer = self.show_footer
+        show_edge = self.show_edge
+        show_lines = self.show_lines
+        leading = self.leading
+
+        _Segment = Segment
+        if _box:
+            box_segments = [
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.head_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.head_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.head_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.foot_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+                (
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_left, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_right, border_style),
+                    _Segment(_box.mid_vertical, border_style),
+                ),
+            ]
+            if show_edge:
+                yield _Segment(_box.get_top(widths), border_style)
+                yield new_line
+        else:
+            box_segments = []
+
+        get_row_style = self.get_row_style
+        get_style = console.get_style
+
+        for index, (first, last, row_cell) in enumerate(loop_first_last(row_cells)):
+            header_row = first and show_header
+            footer_row = last and show_footer
+            row = (
+                self.rows[index - show_header]
+                if (not header_row and not footer_row)
+                else None
+            )
+            max_height = 1
+            cells: List[List[List[Segment]]] = []
+            if header_row or footer_row:
+                row_style = Style.null()
+            else:
+                row_style = get_style(
+                    get_row_style(console, index - 1 if show_header else index)
+                )
+            for width, cell, column in zip(widths, row_cell, columns):
+                render_options = options.update(
+                    width=width,
+                    justify=column.justify,
+                    no_wrap=column.no_wrap,
+                    overflow=column.overflow,
+                    height=None,
+                )
+                lines = console.render_lines(
+                    cell.renderable,
+                    render_options,
+                    style=get_style(cell.style) + row_style,
+                )
+                max_height = max(max_height, len(lines))
+                cells.append(lines)
+
+            row_height = max(len(cell) for cell in cells)
+
+            def align_cell(
+                cell: List[List[Segment]],
+                vertical: "VerticalAlignMethod",
+                width: int,
+                style: Style,
+            ) -> List[List[Segment]]:
+                if header_row:
+                    vertical = "bottom"
+                elif footer_row:
+                    vertical = "top"
+
+                if vertical == "top":
+                    return _Segment.align_top(cell, width, row_height, style)
+                elif vertical == "middle":
+                    return _Segment.align_middle(cell, width, row_height, style)
+                return _Segment.align_bottom(cell, width, row_height, style)
+
+            cells[:] = [
+                _Segment.set_shape(
+                    align_cell(
+                        cell,
+                        _cell.vertical,
+                        width,
+                        get_style(_cell.style) + row_style,
+                    ),
+                    width,
+                    max_height,
+                )
+                for width, _cell, cell, column in zip(widths, row_cell, cells, columns)
+            ]
+
+            if _box:
+                if last and show_footer:
+                    yield _Segment(
+                        _box.get_row(widths, "foot", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                    )
+                    yield new_line
+                left, right, _divider = box_segments[0 if first else (2 if last else 1)]
+
+                # If the column divider is whitespace also style it with the row background
+                divider = (
+                    _divider
+                    if _divider.text.strip()
+                    else _Segment(
+                        _divider.text, row_style.background_style + _divider.style
+                    )
+                )
+                for line_no in range(max_height):
+                    if show_edge:
+                        yield left
+                    for last_cell, rendered_cell in loop_last(cells):
+                        yield from rendered_cell[line_no]
+                        if not last_cell:
+                            yield divider
+                    if show_edge:
+                        yield right
+                    yield new_line
+            else:
+                for line_no in range(max_height):
+                    for rendered_cell in cells:
+                        yield from rendered_cell[line_no]
+                    yield new_line
+            if _box and first and show_header:
+                yield _Segment(
+                    _box.get_row(widths, "head", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                )
+                yield new_line
+            end_section = row and row.end_section
+            if _box and (show_lines or leading or end_section):
+                if (
+                    not last
+                    and not (show_footer and index >= len(row_cells) - 2)
+                    and not (show_header and header_row)
+                ):
+                    if leading:
+                        yield _Segment(
+                            _box.get_row(widths, "mid", edge=show_edge) * leading,
+                            border_style,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        yield _Segment(
+                            _box.get_row(widths, "row", edge=show_edge), border_style
+                        )
+                    yield new_line
+
+        if _box and show_edge:
+            yield _Segment(_box.get_bottom(widths), border_style)
+            yield new_line
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+    from pip._vendor.rich.highlighter import ReprHighlighter
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table as Table
+
+    from ._timer import timer
+
+    with timer("Table render"):
+        table = Table(
+            title="Star Wars Movies",
+            caption="Rich example table",
+            caption_justify="right",
+        )
+
+        table.add_column(
+            "Released", header_style="bright_cyan", style="cyan", no_wrap=True
+        )
+        table.add_column("Title", style="magenta")
+        table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right", style="green")
+
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 20, 2019",
+            "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker",
+            "$952,110,690",
+        )
+        table.add_row("May 25, 2018", "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "$393,151,347")
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 15, 2017",
+            "Star Wars Ep. V111: The Last Jedi",
+            "$1,332,539,889",
+            style="on black",
+            end_section=True,
+        )
+        table.add_row(
+            "Dec 16, 2016",
+            "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story",
+            "$1,332,439,889",
+        )
+
+        def header(text: str) -> None:
+            console.print()
+            console.rule(highlight(text))
+            console.print()
+
+        console = Console()
+        highlight = ReprHighlighter()
+        header("Example Table")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.expand = True
+        header("expand=True")
+        console.print(table)
+
+        table.width = 50
+        header("width=50")
+
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        header("row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        table.leading = 1
+        header("leading=1, row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
+
+        table.width = None
+        table.expand = False
+        table.row_styles = ["dim", "none"]
+        table.show_lines = True
+        table.leading = 0
+        header("show_lines=True, row_styles=['dim', 'none']")
+        console.print(table, justify="center")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..565e9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/terminal_theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet
+from .palette import Palette
+
+_ColorTuple = Tuple[int, int, int]
+
+
+class TerminalTheme:
+    """A color theme used when exporting console content.
+
+    Args:
+        background (Tuple[int, int, int]): The background color.
+        foreground (Tuple[int, int, int]): The foreground (text) color.
+        normal (List[Tuple[int, int, int]]): A list of 8 normal intensity colors.
+        bright (List[Tuple[int, int, int]], optional): A list of 8 bright colors, or None
+            to repeat normal intensity. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        background: _ColorTuple,
+        foreground: _ColorTuple,
+        normal: List[_ColorTuple],
+        bright: Optional[List[_ColorTuple]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.background_color = ColorTriplet(*background)
+        self.foreground_color = ColorTriplet(*foreground)
+        self.ansi_colors = Palette(normal + (bright or normal))
+
+
+DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME = TerminalTheme(
+    (255, 255, 255),
+    (0, 0, 0),
+    [
+        (0, 0, 0),
+        (128, 0, 0),
+        (0, 128, 0),
+        (128, 128, 0),
+        (0, 0, 128),
+        (128, 0, 128),
+        (0, 128, 128),
+        (192, 192, 192),
+    ],
+    [
+        (128, 128, 128),
+        (255, 0, 0),
+        (0, 255, 0),
+        (255, 255, 0),
+        (0, 0, 255),
+        (255, 0, 255),
+        (0, 255, 255),
+        (255, 255, 255),
+    ],
+)
+
+MONOKAI = TerminalTheme(
+    (12, 12, 12),
+    (217, 217, 217),
+    [
+        (26, 26, 26),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (152, 224, 36),
+        (253, 151, 31),
+        (157, 101, 255),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (88, 209, 235),
+        (196, 197, 181),
+        (98, 94, 76),
+    ],
+    [
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (152, 224, 36),
+        (224, 213, 97),
+        (157, 101, 255),
+        (244, 0, 95),
+        (88, 209, 235),
+        (246, 246, 239),
+    ],
+)
+DIMMED_MONOKAI = TerminalTheme(
+    (25, 25, 25),
+    (185, 188, 186),
+    [
+        (58, 61, 67),
+        (190, 63, 72),
+        (135, 154, 59),
+        (197, 166, 53),
+        (79, 118, 161),
+        (133, 92, 141),
+        (87, 143, 164),
+        (185, 188, 186),
+        (136, 137, 135),
+    ],
+    [
+        (251, 0, 31),
+        (15, 114, 47),
+        (196, 112, 51),
+        (24, 109, 227),
+        (251, 0, 103),
+        (46, 112, 109),
+        (253, 255, 185),
+    ],
+)
+NIGHT_OWLISH = TerminalTheme(
+    (255, 255, 255),
+    (64, 63, 83),
+    [
+        (1, 22, 39),
+        (211, 66, 62),
+        (42, 162, 152),
+        (218, 170, 1),
+        (72, 118, 214),
+        (64, 63, 83),
+        (8, 145, 106),
+        (122, 129, 129),
+        (122, 129, 129),
+    ],
+    [
+        (247, 110, 110),
+        (73, 208, 197),
+        (218, 194, 107),
+        (92, 167, 228),
+        (105, 112, 152),
+        (0, 201, 144),
+        (152, 159, 177),
+    ],
+)
+
+SVG_EXPORT_THEME = TerminalTheme(
+    (41, 41, 41),
+    (197, 200, 198),
+    [
+        (75, 78, 85),
+        (204, 85, 90),
+        (152, 168, 75),
+        (208, 179, 68),
+        (96, 138, 177),
+        (152, 114, 159),
+        (104, 160, 179),
+        (197, 200, 198),
+        (154, 155, 153),
+    ],
+    [
+        (255, 38, 39),
+        (0, 130, 61),
+        (208, 132, 66),
+        (25, 132, 233),
+        (255, 44, 122),
+        (57, 130, 128),
+        (253, 253, 197),
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..998cb87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1307 @@
+import re
+from functools import partial, reduce
+from math import gcd
+from operator import itemgetter
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from ._pick import pick_bool
+from ._wrap import divide_line
+from .align import AlignMethod
+from .cells import cell_len, set_cell_size
+from .containers import Lines
+from .control import strip_control_codes
+from .emoji import EmojiVariant
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, JustifyMethod, OverflowMethod
+
+DEFAULT_JUSTIFY: "JustifyMethod" = "default"
+DEFAULT_OVERFLOW: "OverflowMethod" = "fold"
+
+
+_re_whitespace = re.compile(r"\s+$")
+
+TextType = Union[str, "Text"]
+
+GetStyleCallable = Callable[[str], Optional[StyleType]]
+
+
+class Span(NamedTuple):
+    """A marked up region in some text."""
+
+    start: int
+    """Span start index."""
+    end: int
+    """Span end index."""
+    style: Union[str, Style]
+    """Style associated with the span."""
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Span({self.start}, {self.end}, {self.style!r})"
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return self.end > self.start
+
+    def split(self, offset: int) -> Tuple["Span", Optional["Span"]]:
+        """Split a span in to 2 from a given offset."""
+
+        if offset < self.start:
+            return self, None
+        if offset >= self.end:
+            return self, None
+
+        start, end, style = self
+        span1 = Span(start, min(end, offset), style)
+        span2 = Span(span1.end, end, style)
+        return span1, span2
+
+    def move(self, offset: int) -> "Span":
+        """Move start and end by a given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): Number of characters to add to start and end.
+
+        Returns:
+            TextSpan: A new TextSpan with adjusted position.
+        """
+        start, end, style = self
+        return Span(start + offset, end + offset, style)
+
+    def right_crop(self, offset: int) -> "Span":
+        """Crop the span at the given offset.
+
+        Args:
+            offset (int): A value between start and end.
+
+        Returns:
+            Span: A new (possibly smaller) span.
+        """
+        start, end, style = self
+        if offset >= end:
+            return self
+        return Span(start, min(offset, end), style)
+
+
+class Text(JupyterMixin):
+    """Text with color / style.
+
+    Args:
+        text (str, optional): Default unstyled text. Defaults to "".
+        style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+        justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+        overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+        no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+        end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+        tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to 8.
+        spans (List[Span], optional). A list of predefined style spans. Defaults to None.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = [
+        "_text",
+        "style",
+        "justify",
+        "overflow",
+        "no_wrap",
+        "end",
+        "tab_size",
+        "_spans",
+        "_length",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: str = "",
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: Optional[int] = 8,
+        spans: Optional[List[Span]] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(text)
+        self._text = [sanitized_text]
+        self.style = style
+        self.justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = justify
+        self.overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = overflow
+        self.no_wrap = no_wrap
+        self.end = end
+        self.tab_size = tab_size
+        self._spans: List[Span] = spans or []
+        self._length: int = len(sanitized_text)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._length
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._length)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.plain
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<text {self.plain!r} {self._spans!r}>"
+
+    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> "Text":
+        if isinstance(other, (str, Text)):
+            result = self.copy()
+            result.append(other)
+            return result
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Text):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.plain == other.plain and self._spans == other._spans
+
+    def __contains__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, str):
+            return other in self.plain
+        elif isinstance(other, Text):
+            return other.plain in self.plain
+        return False
+
+    def __getitem__(self, slice: Union[int, slice]) -> "Text":
+        def get_text_at(offset: int) -> "Text":
+            _Span = Span
+            text = Text(
+                self.plain[offset],
+                spans=[
+                    _Span(0, 1, style)
+                    for start, end, style in self._spans
+                    if end > offset >= start
+                ],
+                end="",
+            )
+            return text
+
+        if isinstance(slice, int):
+            return get_text_at(slice)
+        else:
+            start, stop, step = slice.indices(len(self.plain))
+            if step == 1:
+                lines = self.divide([start, stop])
+                return lines[1]
+            else:
+                # This would be a bit of work to implement efficiently
+                # For now, its not required
+                raise TypeError("slices with step!=1 are not supported")
+
+    @property
+    def cell_len(self) -> int:
+        """Get the number of cells required to render this text."""
+        return cell_len(self.plain)
+
+    @property
+    def markup(self) -> str:
+        """Get console markup to render this Text.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: A string potentially creating markup tags.
+        """
+        from .markup import escape
+
+        output: List[str] = []
+
+        plain = self.plain
+        markup_spans = [
+            (0, False, self.style),
+            *((span.start, False, span.style) for span in self._spans),
+            *((span.end, True, span.style) for span in self._spans),
+            (len(plain), True, self.style),
+        ]
+        markup_spans.sort(key=itemgetter(0, 1))
+        position = 0
+        append = output.append
+        for offset, closing, style in markup_spans:
+            if offset > position:
+                append(escape(plain[position:offset]))
+                position = offset
+            if style:
+                append(f"[/{style}]" if closing else f"[{style}]")
+        markup = "".join(output)
+        return markup
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_markup(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        emoji: bool = True,
+        emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Create Text instance from markup.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing console markup.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A Text instance with markup rendered.
+        """
+        from .markup import render
+
+        rendered_text = render(text, style, emoji=emoji, emoji_variant=emoji_variant)
+        rendered_text.justify = justify
+        rendered_text.overflow = overflow
+        rendered_text.end = end
+        return rendered_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_ansi(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        *,
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: Optional[int] = 8,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Create a Text object from a string containing ANSI escape codes.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing escape codes.
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable text wrapping, or None for default. Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to 8.
+        """
+        from .ansi import AnsiDecoder
+
+        joiner = Text(
+            "\n",
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+            end=end,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+            style=style,
+        )
+        decoder = AnsiDecoder()
+        result = joiner.join(line for line in decoder.decode(text))
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def styled(
+        cls,
+        text: str,
+        style: StyleType = "",
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Construct a Text instance with a pre-applied styled. A style applied in this way won't be used
+        to pad the text when it is justified.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): A string containing console markup.
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style to apply to the text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A text instance with a style applied to the entire string.
+        """
+        styled_text = cls(text, justify=justify, overflow=overflow)
+        styled_text.stylize(style)
+        return styled_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def assemble(
+        cls,
+        *parts: Union[str, "Text", Tuple[str, StyleType]],
+        style: Union[str, Style] = "",
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+        end: str = "\n",
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Construct a text instance by combining a sequence of strings with optional styles.
+        The positional arguments should be either strings, or a tuple of string + style.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style], optional): Base style for text. Defaults to "".
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to None.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            end (str, optional): Character to end text with. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            tab_size (int): Number of spaces per tab, or ``None`` to use ``console.tab_size``. Defaults to 8.
+            meta (Dict[str, Any], optional). Meta data to apply to text, or None for no meta data. Default to None
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A new text instance.
+        """
+        text = cls(
+            style=style,
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            no_wrap=no_wrap,
+            end=end,
+            tab_size=tab_size,
+        )
+        append = text.append
+        _Text = Text
+        for part in parts:
+            if isinstance(part, (_Text, str)):
+                append(part)
+            else:
+                append(*part)
+        if meta:
+            text.apply_meta(meta)
+        return text
+
+    @property
+    def plain(self) -> str:
+        """Get the text as a single string."""
+        if len(self._text) != 1:
+            self._text[:] = ["".join(self._text)]
+        return self._text[0]
+
+    @plain.setter
+    def plain(self, new_text: str) -> None:
+        """Set the text to a new value."""
+        if new_text != self.plain:
+            sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(new_text)
+            self._text[:] = [sanitized_text]
+            old_length = self._length
+            self._length = len(sanitized_text)
+            if old_length > self._length:
+                self._trim_spans()
+
+    @property
+    def spans(self) -> List[Span]:
+        """Get a reference to the internal list of spans."""
+        return self._spans
+
+    @spans.setter
+    def spans(self, spans: List[Span]) -> None:
+        """Set spans."""
+        self._spans = spans[:]
+
+    def blank_copy(self, plain: str = "") -> "Text":
+        """Return a new Text instance with copied meta data (but not the string or spans)."""
+        copy_self = Text(
+            plain,
+            style=self.style,
+            justify=self.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow,
+            no_wrap=self.no_wrap,
+            end=self.end,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+        )
+        return copy_self
+
+    def copy(self) -> "Text":
+        """Return a copy of this instance."""
+        copy_self = Text(
+            self.plain,
+            style=self.style,
+            justify=self.justify,
+            overflow=self.overflow,
+            no_wrap=self.no_wrap,
+            end=self.end,
+            tab_size=self.tab_size,
+        )
+        copy_self._spans[:] = self._spans
+        return copy_self
+
+    def stylize(
+        self,
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        start: int = 0,
+        end: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a style to the text, or a portion of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style instance or style definition to apply.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if style:
+            length = len(self)
+            if start < 0:
+                start = length + start
+            if end is None:
+                end = length
+            if end < 0:
+                end = length + end
+            if start >= length or end <= start:
+                # Span not in text or not valid
+                return
+            self._spans.append(Span(start, min(length, end), style))
+
+    def stylize_before(
+        self,
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        start: int = 0,
+        end: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a style to the text, or a portion of the text. Styles will be applied before other styles already present.
+
+        Args:
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style instance or style definition to apply.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+        """
+        if style:
+            length = len(self)
+            if start < 0:
+                start = length + start
+            if end is None:
+                end = length
+            if end < 0:
+                end = length + end
+            if start >= length or end <= start:
+                # Span not in text or not valid
+                return
+            self._spans.insert(0, Span(start, min(length, end), style))
+
+    def apply_meta(
+        self, meta: Dict[str, Any], start: int = 0, end: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply meta data to the text, or a portion of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Dict[str, Any]): A dict of meta information.
+            start (int): Start offset (negative indexing is supported). Defaults to 0.
+            end (Optional[int], optional): End offset (negative indexing is supported), or None for end of text. Defaults to None.
+
+        """
+        style = Style.from_meta(meta)
+        self.stylize(style, start=start, end=end)
+
+    def on(self, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Text":
+        """Apply event handlers (used by Textual project).
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from rich.text import Text
+            >>> text = Text("hello world")
+            >>> text.on(click="view.toggle('world')")
+
+        Args:
+            meta (Dict[str, Any]): Mapping of meta information.
+            **handlers: Keyword args are prefixed with "@" to defined handlers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Self is returned to method may be chained.
+        """
+        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
+        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
+        self.stylize(Style.from_meta(meta))
+        return self
+
+    def remove_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> None:
+        """Remove a suffix if it exists.
+
+        Args:
+            suffix (str): Suffix to remove.
+        """
+        if self.plain.endswith(suffix):
+            self.right_crop(len(suffix))
+
+    def get_style_at_offset(self, console: "Console", offset: int) -> Style:
+        """Get the style of a character at give offset.
+
+        Args:
+            console (~Console): Console where text will be rendered.
+            offset (int): Offset in to text (negative indexing supported)
+
+        Returns:
+            Style: A Style instance.
+        """
+        # TODO: This is a little inefficient, it is only used by full justify
+        if offset < 0:
+            offset = len(self) + offset
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        style = get_style(self.style).copy()
+        for start, end, span_style in self._spans:
+            if end > offset >= start:
+                style += get_style(span_style, default="")
+        return style
+
+    def highlight_regex(
+        self,
+        re_highlight: str,
+        style: Optional[Union[GetStyleCallable, StyleType]] = None,
+        *,
+        style_prefix: str = "",
+    ) -> int:
+        """Highlight text with a regular expression, where group names are
+        translated to styles.
+
+        Args:
+            re_highlight (str): A regular expression.
+            style (Union[GetStyleCallable, StyleType]): Optional style to apply to whole match, or a callable
+                which accepts the matched text and returns a style. Defaults to None.
+            style_prefix (str, optional): Optional prefix to add to style group names.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of regex matches
+        """
+        count = 0
+        append_span = self._spans.append
+        _Span = Span
+        plain = self.plain
+        for match in re.finditer(re_highlight, plain):
+            get_span = match.span
+            if style:
+                start, end = get_span()
+                match_style = style(plain[start:end]) if callable(style) else style
+                if match_style is not None and end > start:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, end, match_style))
+
+            count += 1
+            for name in match.groupdict().keys():
+                start, end = get_span(name)
+                if start != -1 and end > start:
+                    append_span(_Span(start, end, f"{style_prefix}{name}"))
+        return count
+
+    def highlight_words(
+        self,
+        words: Iterable[str],
+        style: Union[str, Style],
+        *,
+        case_sensitive: bool = True,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Highlight words with a style.
+
+        Args:
+            words (Iterable[str]): Worlds to highlight.
+            style (Union[str, Style]): Style to apply.
+            case_sensitive (bool, optional): Enable case sensitive matchings. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of words highlighted.
+        """
+        re_words = "|".join(re.escape(word) for word in words)
+        add_span = self._spans.append
+        count = 0
+        _Span = Span
+        for match in re.finditer(
+            re_words, self.plain, flags=0 if case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE
+        ):
+            start, end = match.span(0)
+            add_span(_Span(start, end, style))
+            count += 1
+        return count
+
+    def rstrip(self) -> None:
+        """Strip whitespace from end of text."""
+        self.plain = self.plain.rstrip()
+
+    def rstrip_end(self, size: int) -> None:
+        """Remove whitespace beyond a certain width at the end of the text.
+
+        Args:
+            size (int): The desired size of the text.
+        """
+        text_length = len(self)
+        if text_length > size:
+            excess = text_length - size
+            whitespace_match = _re_whitespace.search(self.plain)
+            if whitespace_match is not None:
+                whitespace_count = len(whitespace_match.group(0))
+                self.right_crop(min(whitespace_count, excess))
+
+    def set_length(self, new_length: int) -> None:
+        """Set new length of the text, clipping or padding is required."""
+        length = len(self)
+        if length != new_length:
+            if length < new_length:
+                self.pad_right(new_length - length)
+            else:
+                self.right_crop(length - new_length)
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        tab_size: int = console.tab_size or self.tab_size or 8
+        justify = self.justify or options.justify or DEFAULT_JUSTIFY
+
+        overflow = self.overflow or options.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+
+        lines = self.wrap(
+            console,
+            options.max_width,
+            justify=justify,
+            overflow=overflow,
+            tab_size=tab_size or 8,
+            no_wrap=pick_bool(self.no_wrap, options.no_wrap, False),
+        )
+        all_lines = Text("\n").join(lines)
+        yield from all_lines.render(console, end=self.end)
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> Measurement:
+        text = self.plain
+        lines = text.splitlines()
+        max_text_width = max(cell_len(line) for line in lines) if lines else 0
+        words = text.split()
+        min_text_width = (
+            max(cell_len(word) for word in words) if words else max_text_width
+        )
+        return Measurement(min_text_width, max_text_width)
+
+    def render(self, console: "Console", end: str = "") -> Iterable["Segment"]:
+        """Render the text as Segments.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            end (Optional[str], optional): Optional end character.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[Segment]: Result of render that may be written to the console.
+        """
+        _Segment = Segment
+        text = self.plain
+        if not self._spans:
+            yield Segment(text)
+            if end:
+                yield _Segment(end)
+            return
+        get_style = partial(console.get_style, default=Style.null())
+
+        enumerated_spans = list(enumerate(self._spans, 1))
+        style_map = {index: get_style(span.style) for index, span in enumerated_spans}
+        style_map[0] = get_style(self.style)
+
+        spans = [
+            (0, False, 0),
+            *((span.start, False, index) for index, span in enumerated_spans),
+            *((span.end, True, index) for index, span in enumerated_spans),
+            (len(text), True, 0),
+        ]
+        spans.sort(key=itemgetter(0, 1))
+
+        stack: List[int] = []
+        stack_append = stack.append
+        stack_pop = stack.remove
+
+        style_cache: Dict[Tuple[Style, ...], Style] = {}
+        style_cache_get = style_cache.get
+        combine = Style.combine
+
+        def get_current_style() -> Style:
+            """Construct current style from stack."""
+            styles = tuple(style_map[_style_id] for _style_id in sorted(stack))
+            cached_style = style_cache_get(styles)
+            if cached_style is not None:
+                return cached_style
+            current_style = combine(styles)
+            style_cache[styles] = current_style
+            return current_style
+
+        for (offset, leaving, style_id), (next_offset, _, _) in zip(spans, spans[1:]):
+            if leaving:
+                stack_pop(style_id)
+            else:
+                stack_append(style_id)
+            if next_offset > offset:
+                yield _Segment(text[offset:next_offset], get_current_style())
+        if end:
+            yield _Segment(end)
+
+    def join(self, lines: Iterable["Text"]) -> "Text":
+        """Join text together with this instance as the separator.
+
+        Args:
+            lines (Iterable[Text]): An iterable of Text instances to join.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: A new text instance containing join text.
+        """
+
+        new_text = self.blank_copy()
+
+        def iter_text() -> Iterable["Text"]:
+            if self.plain:
+                for last, line in loop_last(lines):
+                    yield line
+                    if not last:
+                        yield self
+            else:
+                yield from lines
+
+        extend_text = new_text._text.extend
+        append_span = new_text._spans.append
+        extend_spans = new_text._spans.extend
+        offset = 0
+        _Span = Span
+
+        for text in iter_text():
+            extend_text(text._text)
+            if text.style:
+                append_span(_Span(offset, offset + len(text), text.style))
+            extend_spans(
+                _Span(offset + start, offset + end, style)
+                for start, end, style in text._spans
+            )
+            offset += len(text)
+        new_text._length = offset
+        return new_text
+
+    def expand_tabs(self, tab_size: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+        """Converts tabs to spaces.
+
+        Args:
+            tab_size (int, optional): Size of tabs. Defaults to 8.
+
+        """
+        if "\t" not in self.plain:
+            return
+        pos = 0
+        if tab_size is None:
+            tab_size = self.tab_size
+        assert tab_size is not None
+        result = self.blank_copy()
+        append = result.append
+
+        _style = self.style
+        for line in self.split("\n", include_separator=True):
+            parts = line.split("\t", include_separator=True)
+            for part in parts:
+                if part.plain.endswith("\t"):
+                    part._text = [part.plain[:-1] + " "]
+                    append(part)
+                    pos += len(part)
+                    spaces = tab_size - ((pos - 1) % tab_size) - 1
+                    if spaces:
+                        append(" " * spaces, _style)
+                        pos += spaces
+                else:
+                    append(part)
+        self._text = [result.plain]
+        self._length = len(self.plain)
+        self._spans[:] = result._spans
+
+    def truncate(
+        self,
+        max_width: int,
+        *,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        pad: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Truncate text if it is longer that a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            max_width (int): Maximum number of characters in text.
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None, to use self.overflow.
+            pad (bool, optional): Pad with spaces if the length is less than max_width. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        _overflow = overflow or self.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+        if _overflow != "ignore":
+            length = cell_len(self.plain)
+            if length > max_width:
+                if _overflow == "ellipsis":
+                    self.plain = set_cell_size(self.plain, max_width - 1) + "…"
+                else:
+                    self.plain = set_cell_size(self.plain, max_width)
+            if pad and length < max_width:
+                spaces = max_width - length
+                self._text = [f"{self.plain}{' ' * spaces}"]
+                self._length = len(self.plain)
+
+    def _trim_spans(self) -> None:
+        """Remove or modify any spans that are over the end of the text."""
+        max_offset = len(self.plain)
+        _Span = Span
+        self._spans[:] = [
+            (
+                span
+                if span.end < max_offset
+                else _Span(span.start, min(max_offset, span.end), span.style)
+            )
+            for span in self._spans
+            if span.start < max_offset
+        ]
+
+    def pad(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad left and right with a given number of characters.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Width of padding.
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            pad_characters = character * count
+            self.plain = f"{pad_characters}{self.plain}{pad_characters}"
+            _Span = Span
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                _Span(start + count, end + count, style)
+                for start, end, style in self._spans
+            ]
+
+    def pad_left(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad the left with a given character.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Number of characters to pad.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            self.plain = f"{character * count}{self.plain}"
+            _Span = Span
+            self._spans[:] = [
+                _Span(start + count, end + count, style)
+                for start, end, style in self._spans
+            ]
+
+    def pad_right(self, count: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Pad the right with a given character.
+
+        Args:
+            count (int): Number of characters to pad.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        assert len(character) == 1, "Character must be a string of length 1"
+        if count:
+            self.plain = f"{self.plain}{character * count}"
+
+    def align(self, align: AlignMethod, width: int, character: str = " ") -> None:
+        """Align text to a given width.
+
+        Args:
+            align (AlignMethod): One of "left", "center", or "right".
+            width (int): Desired width.
+            character (str, optional): Character to pad with. Defaults to " ".
+        """
+        self.truncate(width)
+        excess_space = width - cell_len(self.plain)
+        if excess_space:
+            if align == "left":
+                self.pad_right(excess_space, character)
+            elif align == "center":
+                left = excess_space // 2
+                self.pad_left(left, character)
+                self.pad_right(excess_space - left, character)
+            else:
+                self.pad_left(excess_space, character)
+
+    def append(
+        self, text: Union["Text", str], style: Optional[Union[str, "Style"]] = None
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Add text with an optional style.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Union[Text, str]): A str or Text to append.
+            style (str, optional): A style name. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+
+        if not isinstance(text, (str, Text)):
+            raise TypeError("Only str or Text can be appended to Text")
+
+        if len(text):
+            if isinstance(text, str):
+                sanitized_text = strip_control_codes(text)
+                self._text.append(sanitized_text)
+                offset = len(self)
+                text_length = len(sanitized_text)
+                if style is not None:
+                    self._spans.append(Span(offset, offset + text_length, style))
+                self._length += text_length
+            elif isinstance(text, Text):
+                _Span = Span
+                if style is not None:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "style must not be set when appending Text instance"
+                    )
+                text_length = self._length
+                if text.style is not None:
+                    self._spans.append(
+                        _Span(text_length, text_length + len(text), text.style)
+                    )
+                self._text.append(text.plain)
+                self._spans.extend(
+                    _Span(start + text_length, end + text_length, style)
+                    for start, end, style in text._spans
+                )
+                self._length += len(text)
+        return self
+
+    def append_text(self, text: "Text") -> "Text":
+        """Append another Text instance. This method is more performant that Text.append, but
+        only works for Text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+        _Span = Span
+        text_length = self._length
+        if text.style is not None:
+            self._spans.append(_Span(text_length, text_length + len(text), text.style))
+        self._text.append(text.plain)
+        self._spans.extend(
+            _Span(start + text_length, end + text_length, style)
+            for start, end, style in text._spans
+        )
+        self._length += len(text)
+        return self
+
+    def append_tokens(
+        self, tokens: Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[StyleType]]]
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Append iterable of str and style. Style may be a Style instance or a str style definition.
+
+        Args:
+            pairs (Iterable[Tuple[str, Optional[StyleType]]]): An iterable of tuples containing str content and style.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: Returns self for chaining.
+        """
+        append_text = self._text.append
+        append_span = self._spans.append
+        _Span = Span
+        offset = len(self)
+        for content, style in tokens:
+            append_text(content)
+            if style is not None:
+                append_span(_Span(offset, offset + len(content), style))
+            offset += len(content)
+        self._length = offset
+        return self
+
+    def copy_styles(self, text: "Text") -> None:
+        """Copy styles from another Text instance.
+
+        Args:
+            text (Text): A Text instance to copy styles from, must be the same length.
+        """
+        self._spans.extend(text._spans)
+
+    def split(
+        self,
+        separator: str = "\n",
+        *,
+        include_separator: bool = False,
+        allow_blank: bool = False,
+    ) -> Lines:
+        """Split rich text in to lines, preserving styles.
+
+        Args:
+            separator (str, optional): String to split on. Defaults to "\\\\n".
+            include_separator (bool, optional): Include the separator in the lines. Defaults to False.
+            allow_blank (bool, optional): Return a blank line if the text ends with a separator. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[RichText]: A list of rich text, one per line of the original.
+        """
+        assert separator, "separator must not be empty"
+
+        text = self.plain
+        if separator not in text:
+            return Lines([self.copy()])
+
+        if include_separator:
+            lines = self.divide(
+                match.end() for match in re.finditer(re.escape(separator), text)
+            )
+        else:
+
+            def flatten_spans() -> Iterable[int]:
+                for match in re.finditer(re.escape(separator), text):
+                    start, end = match.span()
+                    yield start
+                    yield end
+
+            lines = Lines(
+                line for line in self.divide(flatten_spans()) if line.plain != separator
+            )
+
+        if not allow_blank and text.endswith(separator):
+            lines.pop()
+
+        return lines
+
+    def divide(self, offsets: Iterable[int]) -> Lines:
+        """Divide text in to a number of lines at given offsets.
+
+        Args:
+            offsets (Iterable[int]): Offsets used to divide text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: New RichText instances between offsets.
+        """
+        _offsets = list(offsets)
+
+        if not _offsets:
+            return Lines([self.copy()])
+
+        text = self.plain
+        text_length = len(text)
+        divide_offsets = [0, *_offsets, text_length]
+        line_ranges = list(zip(divide_offsets, divide_offsets[1:]))
+
+        style = self.style
+        justify = self.justify
+        overflow = self.overflow
+        _Text = Text
+        new_lines = Lines(
+            _Text(
+                text[start:end],
+                style=style,
+                justify=justify,
+                overflow=overflow,
+            )
+            for start, end in line_ranges
+        )
+        if not self._spans:
+            return new_lines
+
+        _line_appends = [line._spans.append for line in new_lines._lines]
+        line_count = len(line_ranges)
+        _Span = Span
+
+        for span_start, span_end, style in self._spans:
+
+            lower_bound = 0
+            upper_bound = line_count
+            start_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            while True:
+                line_start, line_end = line_ranges[start_line_no]
+                if span_start < line_start:
+                    upper_bound = start_line_no - 1
+                elif span_start > line_end:
+                    lower_bound = start_line_no + 1
+                else:
+                    break
+                start_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            if span_end < line_end:
+                end_line_no = start_line_no
+            else:
+                end_line_no = lower_bound = start_line_no
+                upper_bound = line_count
+
+                while True:
+                    line_start, line_end = line_ranges[end_line_no]
+                    if span_end < line_start:
+                        upper_bound = end_line_no - 1
+                    elif span_end > line_end:
+                        lower_bound = end_line_no + 1
+                    else:
+                        break
+                    end_line_no = (lower_bound + upper_bound) // 2
+
+            for line_no in range(start_line_no, end_line_no + 1):
+                line_start, line_end = line_ranges[line_no]
+                new_start = max(0, span_start - line_start)
+                new_end = min(span_end - line_start, line_end - line_start)
+                if new_end > new_start:
+                    _line_appends[line_no](_Span(new_start, new_end, style))
+
+        return new_lines
+
+    def right_crop(self, amount: int = 1) -> None:
+        """Remove a number of characters from the end of the text."""
+        max_offset = len(self.plain) - amount
+        _Span = Span
+        self._spans[:] = [
+            (
+                span
+                if span.end < max_offset
+                else _Span(span.start, min(max_offset, span.end), span.style)
+            )
+            for span in self._spans
+            if span.start < max_offset
+        ]
+        self._text = [self.plain[:-amount]]
+        self._length -= amount
+
+    def wrap(
+        self,
+        console: "Console",
+        width: int,
+        *,
+        justify: Optional["JustifyMethod"] = None,
+        overflow: Optional["OverflowMethod"] = None,
+        tab_size: int = 8,
+        no_wrap: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Lines:
+        """Word wrap the text.
+
+        Args:
+            console (Console): Console instance.
+            width (int): Number of characters per line.
+            emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
+            justify (str, optional): Justify method: "default", "left", "center", "full", "right". Defaults to "default".
+            overflow (str, optional): Overflow method: "crop", "fold", or "ellipsis". Defaults to None.
+            tab_size (int, optional): Default tab size. Defaults to 8.
+            no_wrap (bool, optional): Disable wrapping, Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: Number of lines.
+        """
+        wrap_justify = justify or self.justify or DEFAULT_JUSTIFY
+        wrap_overflow = overflow or self.overflow or DEFAULT_OVERFLOW
+
+        no_wrap = pick_bool(no_wrap, self.no_wrap, False) or overflow == "ignore"
+
+        lines = Lines()
+        for line in self.split(allow_blank=True):
+            if "\t" in line:
+                line.expand_tabs(tab_size)
+            if no_wrap:
+                new_lines = Lines([line])
+            else:
+                offsets = divide_line(str(line), width, fold=wrap_overflow == "fold")
+                new_lines = line.divide(offsets)
+            for line in new_lines:
+                line.rstrip_end(width)
+            if wrap_justify:
+                new_lines.justify(
+                    console, width, justify=wrap_justify, overflow=wrap_overflow
+                )
+            for line in new_lines:
+                line.truncate(width, overflow=wrap_overflow)
+            lines.extend(new_lines)
+        return lines
+
+    def fit(self, width: int) -> Lines:
+        """Fit the text in to given width by chopping in to lines.
+
+        Args:
+            width (int): Maximum characters in a line.
+
+        Returns:
+            Lines: Lines container.
+        """
+        lines: Lines = Lines()
+        append = lines.append
+        for line in self.split():
+            line.set_length(width)
+            append(line)
+        return lines
+
+    def detect_indentation(self) -> int:
+        """Auto-detect indentation of code.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Number of spaces used to indent code.
+        """
+
+        _indentations = {
+            len(match.group(1))
+            for match in re.finditer(r"^( *)(.*)$", self.plain, flags=re.MULTILINE)
+        }
+
+        try:
+            indentation = (
+                reduce(gcd, [indent for indent in _indentations if not indent % 2]) or 1
+            )
+        except TypeError:
+            indentation = 1
+
+        return indentation
+
+    def with_indent_guides(
+        self,
+        indent_size: Optional[int] = None,
+        *,
+        character: str = "│",
+        style: StyleType = "dim green",
+    ) -> "Text":
+        """Adds indent guide lines to text.
+
+        Args:
+            indent_size (Optional[int]): Size of indentation, or None to auto detect. Defaults to None.
+            character (str, optional): Character to use for indentation. Defaults to "│".
+            style (Union[Style, str], optional): Style of indent guides.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text: New text with indentation guides.
+        """
+
+        _indent_size = self.detect_indentation() if indent_size is None else indent_size
+
+        text = self.copy()
+        text.expand_tabs()
+        indent_line = f"{character}{' ' * (_indent_size - 1)}"
+
+        re_indent = re.compile(r"^( *)(.*)$")
+        new_lines: List[Text] = []
+        add_line = new_lines.append
+        blank_lines = 0
+        for line in text.split(allow_blank=True):
+            match = re_indent.match(line.plain)
+            if not match or not match.group(2):
+                blank_lines += 1
+                continue
+            indent = match.group(1)
+            full_indents, remaining_space = divmod(len(indent), _indent_size)
+            new_indent = f"{indent_line * full_indents}{' ' * remaining_space}"
+            line.plain = new_indent + line.plain[len(new_indent) :]
+            line.stylize(style, 0, len(new_indent))
+            if blank_lines:
+                new_lines.extend([Text(new_indent, style=style)] * blank_lines)
+                blank_lines = 0
+            add_line(line)
+        if blank_lines:
+            new_lines.extend([Text("", style=style)] * blank_lines)
+
+        new_text = text.blank_copy("\n").join(new_lines)
+        return new_text
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console
+
+    text = Text(
+        """\nLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.\n"""
+    )
+    text.highlight_words(["Lorem"], "bold")
+    text.highlight_words(["ipsum"], "italic")
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.rule("justify='left'")
+    console.print(text, style="red")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='center'")
+    console.print(text, style="green", justify="center")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='right'")
+    console.print(text, style="blue", justify="right")
+    console.print()
+
+    console.rule("justify='full'")
+    console.print(text, style="magenta", justify="full")
+    console.print()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..471dfb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import configparser
+from typing import Dict, List, IO, Mapping, Optional
+
+from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
+from .style import Style, StyleType
+
+
+class Theme:
+    """A container for style information, used by :class:`~rich.console.Console`.
+
+    Args:
+        styles (Dict[str, Style], optional): A mapping of style names on to styles. Defaults to None for a theme with no styles.
+        inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+    """
+
+    styles: Dict[str, Style]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, styles: Optional[Mapping[str, StyleType]] = None, inherit: bool = True
+    ):
+        self.styles = DEFAULT_STYLES.copy() if inherit else {}
+        if styles is not None:
+            self.styles.update(
+                {
+                    name: style if isinstance(style, Style) else Style.parse(style)
+                    for name, style in styles.items()
+                }
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def config(self) -> str:
+        """Get contents of a config file for this theme."""
+        config = "[styles]\n" + "\n".join(
+            f"{name} = {style}" for name, style in sorted(self.styles.items())
+        )
+        return config
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_file(
+        cls, config_file: IO[str], source: Optional[str] = None, inherit: bool = True
+    ) -> "Theme":
+        """Load a theme from a text mode file.
+
+        Args:
+            config_file (IO[str]): An open conf file.
+            source (str, optional): The filename of the open file. Defaults to None.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Theme: A New theme instance.
+        """
+        config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        config.read_file(config_file, source=source)
+        styles = {name: Style.parse(value) for name, value in config.items("styles")}
+        theme = Theme(styles, inherit=inherit)
+        return theme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def read(
+        cls, path: str, inherit: bool = True, encoding: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> "Theme":
+        """Read a theme from a path.
+
+        Args:
+            path (str): Path to a config file readable by Python configparser module.
+            inherit (bool, optional): Inherit default styles. Defaults to True.
+            encoding (str, optional): Encoding of the config file. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns:
+            Theme: A new theme instance.
+        """
+        with open(path, "rt", encoding=encoding) as config_file:
+            return cls.from_file(config_file, source=path, inherit=inherit)
+
+
+class ThemeStackError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for errors related to the theme stack."""
+
+
+class ThemeStack:
+    """A stack of themes.
+
+    Args:
+        theme (Theme): A theme instance
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, theme: Theme) -> None:
+        self._entries: List[Dict[str, Style]] = [theme.styles]
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+    def push_theme(self, theme: Theme, inherit: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Push a theme on the top of the stack.
+
+        Args:
+            theme (Theme): A Theme instance.
+            inherit (boolean, optional): Inherit styles from current top of stack.
+        """
+        styles: Dict[str, Style]
+        styles = (
+            {**self._entries[-1], **theme.styles} if inherit else theme.styles.copy()
+        )
+        self._entries.append(styles)
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+    def pop_theme(self) -> None:
+        """Pop (and discard) the top-most theme."""
+        if len(self._entries) == 1:
+            raise ThemeStackError("Unable to pop base theme")
+        self._entries.pop()
+        self.get = self._entries[-1].get
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    theme = Theme()
+    print(theme.config)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf6db10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/themes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
+from .theme import Theme
+
+
+DEFAULT = Theme(DEFAULT_STYLES)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4ffe1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/traceback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,756 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import linecache
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from traceback import walk_tb
+from types import ModuleType, TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import guess_lexer_for_filename
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment, Keyword, Name, Number, Operator, String
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text as TextToken
+from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
+from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound
+
+from . import pretty
+from ._loop import loop_last
+from .columns import Columns
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, ConsoleRenderable, RenderResult, group
+from .constrain import Constrain
+from .highlighter import RegexHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
+from .panel import Panel
+from .scope import render_scope
+from .style import Style
+from .syntax import Syntax
+from .text import Text
+from .theme import Theme
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH = 10
+LOCALS_MAX_STRING = 80
+
+
+def install(
+    *,
+    console: Optional[Console] = None,
+    width: Optional[int] = 100,
+    extra_lines: int = 3,
+    theme: Optional[str] = None,
+    word_wrap: bool = False,
+    show_locals: bool = False,
+    locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+    locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+    locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+    locals_hide_sunder: Optional[bool] = None,
+    indent_guides: bool = True,
+    suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+    max_frames: int = 100,
+) -> Callable[[Type[BaseException], BaseException, Optional[TracebackType]], Any]:
+    """Install a rich traceback handler.
+
+    Once installed, any tracebacks will be printed with syntax highlighting and rich formatting.
+
+
+    Args:
+        console (Optional[Console], optional): Console to write exception to. Default uses internal Console instance.
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Width (in characters) of traceback. Defaults to 100.
+        extra_lines (int, optional): Extra lines of code. Defaults to 3.
+        theme (Optional[str], optional): Pygments theme to use in traceback. Defaults to ``None`` which will pick
+            a theme appropriate for the platform.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+
+    Returns:
+        Callable: The previous exception handler that was replaced.
+
+    """
+    traceback_console = Console(stderr=True) if console is None else console
+
+    locals_hide_sunder = (
+        True
+        if (traceback_console.is_jupyter and locals_hide_sunder is None)
+        else locals_hide_sunder
+    )
+
+    def excepthook(
+        type_: Type[BaseException],
+        value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        traceback_console.print(
+            Traceback.from_exception(
+                type_,
+                value,
+                traceback,
+                width=width,
+                extra_lines=extra_lines,
+                theme=theme,
+                word_wrap=word_wrap,
+                show_locals=show_locals,
+                locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+                locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+                locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+                locals_hide_sunder=bool(locals_hide_sunder),
+                indent_guides=indent_guides,
+                suppress=suppress,
+                max_frames=max_frames,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def ipy_excepthook_closure(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        tb_data = {}  # store information about showtraceback call
+        default_showtraceback = ip.showtraceback  # keep reference of default traceback
+
+        def ipy_show_traceback(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            """wrap the default ip.showtraceback to store info for ip._showtraceback"""
+            nonlocal tb_data
+            tb_data = kwargs
+            default_showtraceback(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        def ipy_display_traceback(
+            *args: Any, is_syntax: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+        ) -> None:
+            """Internally called traceback from ip._showtraceback"""
+            nonlocal tb_data
+            exc_tuple = ip._get_exc_info()
+
+            # do not display trace on syntax error
+            tb: Optional[TracebackType] = None if is_syntax else exc_tuple[2]
+
+            # determine correct tb_offset
+            compiled = tb_data.get("running_compiled_code", False)
+            tb_offset = tb_data.get("tb_offset", 1 if compiled else 0)
+            # remove ipython internal frames from trace with tb_offset
+            for _ in range(tb_offset):
+                if tb is None:
+                    break
+                tb = tb.tb_next
+
+            excepthook(exc_tuple[0], exc_tuple[1], tb)
+            tb_data = {}  # clear data upon usage
+
+        # replace _showtraceback instead of showtraceback to allow ipython features such as debugging to work
+        # this is also what the ipython docs recommends to modify when subclassing InteractiveShell
+        ip._showtraceback = ipy_display_traceback
+        # add wrapper to capture tb_data
+        ip.showtraceback = ipy_show_traceback
+        ip.showsyntaxerror = lambda *args, **kwargs: ipy_display_traceback(
+            *args, is_syntax=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    try:  # pragma: no cover
+        # if within ipython, use customized traceback
+        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        ipy_excepthook_closure(ip)
+        return sys.excepthook
+    except Exception:
+        # otherwise use default system hook
+        old_excepthook = sys.excepthook
+        sys.excepthook = excepthook
+        return old_excepthook
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Frame:
+    filename: str
+    lineno: int
+    name: str
+    line: str = ""
+    locals: Optional[Dict[str, pretty.Node]] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SyntaxError:
+    offset: int
+    filename: str
+    line: str
+    lineno: int
+    msg: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Stack:
+    exc_type: str
+    exc_value: str
+    syntax_error: Optional[_SyntaxError] = None
+    is_cause: bool = False
+    frames: List[Frame] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Trace:
+    stacks: List[Stack]
+
+
+class PathHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
+    highlights = [r"(?P<dim>.*/)(?P<bold>.+)"]
+
+
+class Traceback:
+    """A Console renderable that renders a traceback.
+
+    Args:
+        trace (Trace, optional): A `Trace` object produced from `extract`. Defaults to None, which uses
+            the last exception.
+        width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
+        extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+        theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+            Defaults to 10.
+        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+
+    """
+
+    LEXERS = {
+        "": "text",
+        ".py": "python",
+        ".pxd": "cython",
+        ".pyx": "cython",
+        ".pxi": "pyrex",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        trace: Optional[Trace] = None,
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = True,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ):
+        if trace is None:
+            exc_type, exc_value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+            if exc_type is None or exc_value is None or traceback is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Value for 'trace' required if not called in except: block"
+                )
+            trace = self.extract(
+                exc_type, exc_value, traceback, show_locals=show_locals
+            )
+        self.trace = trace
+        self.width = width
+        self.extra_lines = extra_lines
+        self.theme = Syntax.get_theme(theme or "ansi_dark")
+        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
+        self.show_locals = show_locals
+        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
+        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
+        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
+        self.locals_hide_dunder = locals_hide_dunder
+        self.locals_hide_sunder = locals_hide_sunder
+
+        self.suppress: Sequence[str] = []
+        for suppress_entity in suppress:
+            if not isinstance(suppress_entity, str):
+                assert (
+                    suppress_entity.__file__ is not None
+                ), f"{suppress_entity!r} must be a module with '__file__' attribute"
+                path = os.path.dirname(suppress_entity.__file__)
+            else:
+                path = suppress_entity
+            path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
+            self.suppress.append(path)
+        self.max_frames = max(4, max_frames) if max_frames > 0 else 0
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_exception(
+        cls,
+        exc_type: Type[Any],
+        exc_value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+        *,
+        width: Optional[int] = 100,
+        extra_lines: int = 3,
+        theme: Optional[str] = None,
+        word_wrap: bool = False,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+        indent_guides: bool = True,
+        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
+        max_frames: int = 100,
+    ) -> "Traceback":
+        """Create a traceback from exception info
+
+        Args:
+            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
+            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
+            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
+            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
+            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
+            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
+            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
+            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+                Defaults to 10.
+            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
+            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.
+
+        Returns:
+            Traceback: A Traceback instance that may be printed.
+        """
+        rich_traceback = cls.extract(
+            exc_type,
+            exc_value,
+            traceback,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            rich_traceback,
+            width=width,
+            extra_lines=extra_lines,
+            theme=theme,
+            word_wrap=word_wrap,
+            show_locals=show_locals,
+            indent_guides=indent_guides,
+            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
+            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
+            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
+            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
+            suppress=suppress,
+            max_frames=max_frames,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def extract(
+        cls,
+        exc_type: Type[BaseException],
+        exc_value: BaseException,
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+        *,
+        show_locals: bool = False,
+        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
+        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
+        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
+        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
+    ) -> Trace:
+        """Extract traceback information.
+
+        Args:
+            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
+            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
+            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
+            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
+            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
+                Defaults to 10.
+            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
+            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
+            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Trace: A Trace instance which you can use to construct a `Traceback`.
+        """
+
+        stacks: List[Stack] = []
+        is_cause = False
+
+        from pip._vendor.rich import _IMPORT_CWD
+
+        def safe_str(_object: Any) -> str:
+            """Don't allow exceptions from __str__ to propagate."""
+            try:
+                return str(_object)
+            except Exception:
+                return "<exception str() failed>"
+
+        while True:
+            stack = Stack(
+                exc_type=safe_str(exc_type.__name__),
+                exc_value=safe_str(exc_value),
+                is_cause=is_cause,
+            )
+
+            if isinstance(exc_value, SyntaxError):
+                stack.syntax_error = _SyntaxError(
+                    offset=exc_value.offset or 0,
+                    filename=exc_value.filename or "?",
+                    lineno=exc_value.lineno or 0,
+                    line=exc_value.text or "",
+                    msg=exc_value.msg,
+                )
+
+            stacks.append(stack)
+            append = stack.frames.append
+
+            def get_locals(
+                iter_locals: Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]
+            ) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]:
+                """Extract locals from an iterator of key pairs."""
+                if not (locals_hide_dunder or locals_hide_sunder):
+                    yield from iter_locals
+                    return
+                for key, value in iter_locals:
+                    if locals_hide_dunder and key.startswith("__"):
+                        continue
+                    if locals_hide_sunder and key.startswith("_"):
+                        continue
+                    yield key, value
+
+            for frame_summary, line_no in walk_tb(traceback):
+                filename = frame_summary.f_code.co_filename
+                if filename and not filename.startswith("<"):
+                    if not os.path.isabs(filename):
+                        filename = os.path.join(_IMPORT_CWD, filename)
+                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_omit", False):
+                    continue
+
+                frame = Frame(
+                    filename=filename or "?",
+                    lineno=line_no,
+                    name=frame_summary.f_code.co_name,
+                    locals={
+                        key: pretty.traverse(
+                            value,
+                            max_length=locals_max_length,
+                            max_string=locals_max_string,
+                        )
+                        for key, value in get_locals(frame_summary.f_locals.items())
+                    }
+                    if show_locals
+                    else None,
+                )
+                append(frame)
+                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_guard", False):
+                    del stack.frames[:]
+
+            cause = getattr(exc_value, "__cause__", None)
+            if cause:
+                exc_type = cause.__class__
+                exc_value = cause
+                # __traceback__ can be None, e.g. for exceptions raised by the
+                # 'multiprocessing' module
+                traceback = cause.__traceback__
+                is_cause = True
+                continue
+
+            cause = exc_value.__context__
+            if cause and not getattr(exc_value, "__suppress_context__", False):
+                exc_type = cause.__class__
+                exc_value = cause
+                traceback = cause.__traceback__
+                is_cause = False
+                continue
+            # No cover, code is reached but coverage doesn't recognize it.
+            break  # pragma: no cover
+
+        trace = Trace(stacks=stacks)
+        return trace
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
+    ) -> RenderResult:
+        theme = self.theme
+        background_style = theme.get_background_style()
+        token_style = theme.get_style_for_token
+
+        traceback_theme = Theme(
+            {
+                "pretty": token_style(TextToken),
+                "pygments.text": token_style(Token),
+                "pygments.string": token_style(String),
+                "pygments.function": token_style(Name.Function),
+                "pygments.number": token_style(Number),
+                "repr.indent": token_style(Comment) + Style(dim=True),
+                "repr.str": token_style(String),
+                "repr.brace": token_style(TextToken) + Style(bold=True),
+                "repr.number": token_style(Number),
+                "repr.bool_true": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "repr.bool_false": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "repr.none": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
+                "scope.border": token_style(String.Delimiter),
+                "scope.equals": token_style(Operator),
+                "scope.key": token_style(Name),
+                "scope.key.special": token_style(Name.Constant) + Style(dim=True),
+            },
+            inherit=False,
+        )
+
+        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        for last, stack in loop_last(reversed(self.trace.stacks)):
+            if stack.frames:
+                stack_renderable: ConsoleRenderable = Panel(
+                    self._render_stack(stack),
+                    title="[traceback.title]Traceback [dim](most recent call last)",
+                    style=background_style,
+                    border_style="traceback.border",
+                    expand=True,
+                    padding=(0, 1),
+                )
+                stack_renderable = Constrain(stack_renderable, self.width)
+                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
+                    yield stack_renderable
+            if stack.syntax_error is not None:
+                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
+                    yield Constrain(
+                        Panel(
+                            self._render_syntax_error(stack.syntax_error),
+                            style=background_style,
+                            border_style="traceback.border.syntax_error",
+                            expand=True,
+                            padding=(0, 1),
+                            width=self.width,
+                        ),
+                        self.width,
+                    )
+                yield Text.assemble(
+                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
+                    highlighter(stack.syntax_error.msg),
+                )
+            elif stack.exc_value:
+                yield Text.assemble(
+                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
+                    highlighter(stack.exc_value),
+                )
+            else:
+                yield Text.assemble((f"{stack.exc_type}", "traceback.exc_type"))
+
+            if not last:
+                if stack.is_cause:
+                    yield Text.from_markup(
+                        "\n[i]The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    yield Text.from_markup(
+                        "\n[i]During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
+                    )
+
+    @group()
+    def _render_syntax_error(self, syntax_error: _SyntaxError) -> RenderResult:
+        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
+        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
+        if syntax_error.filename != "<stdin>":
+            if os.path.exists(syntax_error.filename):
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    (f" {syntax_error.filename}", "pygments.string"),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(syntax_error.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+                yield path_highlighter(text)
+        syntax_error_text = highlighter(syntax_error.line.rstrip())
+        syntax_error_text.no_wrap = True
+        offset = min(syntax_error.offset - 1, len(syntax_error_text))
+        syntax_error_text.stylize("bold underline", offset, offset)
+        syntax_error_text += Text.from_markup(
+            "\n" + " " * offset + "[traceback.offset]▲[/]",
+            style="pygments.text",
+        )
+        yield syntax_error_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _guess_lexer(cls, filename: str, code: str) -> str:
+        ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1]
+        if not ext:
+            # No extension, look at first line to see if it is a hashbang
+            # Note, this is an educated guess and not a guarantee
+            # If it fails, the only downside is that the code is highlighted strangely
+            new_line_index = code.index("\n")
+            first_line = code[:new_line_index] if new_line_index != -1 else code
+            if first_line.startswith("#!") and "python" in first_line.lower():
+                return "python"
+        try:
+            return cls.LEXERS.get(ext) or guess_lexer_for_filename(filename, code).name
+        except ClassNotFound:
+            return "text"
+
+    @group()
+    def _render_stack(self, stack: Stack) -> RenderResult:
+        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
+        theme = self.theme
+
+        def read_code(filename: str) -> str:
+            """Read files, and cache results on filename.
+
+            Args:
+                filename (str): Filename to read
+
+            Returns:
+                str: Contents of file
+            """
+            return "".join(linecache.getlines(filename))
+
+        def render_locals(frame: Frame) -> Iterable[ConsoleRenderable]:
+            if frame.locals:
+                yield render_scope(
+                    frame.locals,
+                    title="locals",
+                    indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
+                    max_length=self.locals_max_length,
+                    max_string=self.locals_max_string,
+                )
+
+        exclude_frames: Optional[range] = None
+        if self.max_frames != 0:
+            exclude_frames = range(
+                self.max_frames // 2,
+                len(stack.frames) - self.max_frames // 2,
+            )
+
+        excluded = False
+        for frame_index, frame in enumerate(stack.frames):
+
+            if exclude_frames and frame_index in exclude_frames:
+                excluded = True
+                continue
+
+            if excluded:
+                assert exclude_frames is not None
+                yield Text(
+                    f"\n... {len(exclude_frames)} frames hidden ...",
+                    justify="center",
+                    style="traceback.error",
+                )
+                excluded = False
+
+            first = frame_index == 0
+            frame_filename = frame.filename
+            suppressed = any(frame_filename.startswith(path) for path in self.suppress)
+
+            if os.path.exists(frame.filename):
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    path_highlighter(Text(frame.filename, style="pygments.string")),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    " in ",
+                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+            else:
+                text = Text.assemble(
+                    "in ",
+                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
+                    (":", "pygments.text"),
+                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
+                    style="pygments.text",
+                )
+            if not frame.filename.startswith("<") and not first:
+                yield ""
+            yield text
+            if frame.filename.startswith("<"):
+                yield from render_locals(frame)
+                continue
+            if not suppressed:
+                try:
+                    code = read_code(frame.filename)
+                    if not code:
+                        # code may be an empty string if the file doesn't exist, OR
+                        # if the traceback filename is generated dynamically
+                        continue
+                    lexer_name = self._guess_lexer(frame.filename, code)
+                    syntax = Syntax(
+                        code,
+                        lexer_name,
+                        theme=theme,
+                        line_numbers=True,
+                        line_range=(
+                            frame.lineno - self.extra_lines,
+                            frame.lineno + self.extra_lines,
+                        ),
+                        highlight_lines={frame.lineno},
+                        word_wrap=self.word_wrap,
+                        code_width=88,
+                        indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
+                        dedent=False,
+                    )
+                    yield ""
+                except Exception as error:
+                    yield Text.assemble(
+                        (f"\n{error}", "traceback.error"),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    yield (
+                        Columns(
+                            [
+                                syntax,
+                                *render_locals(frame),
+                            ],
+                            padding=1,
+                        )
+                        if frame.locals
+                        else syntax
+                    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from .console import Console
+
+    console = Console()
+    import sys
+
+    def bar(a: Any) -> None:  # 这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑
+        one = 1
+        print(one / a)
+
+    def foo(a: Any) -> None:
+        _rich_traceback_guard = True
+        zed = {
+            "characters": {
+                "Paul Atreides",
+                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
+                "Thufir Hawat",
+                "Duncan Idaho",
+            },
+            "atomic_types": (None, False, True),
+        }
+        bar(a)
+
+    def error() -> None:
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                foo(0)
+            except:
+                slfkjsldkfj  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+        except:
+            console.print_exception(show_locals=True)
+
+    error()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afe8da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/tree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+from typing import Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from ._loop import loop_first, loop_last
+from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
+from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
+from .measure import Measurement
+from .segment import Segment
+from .style import Style, StyleStack, StyleType
+from .styled import Styled
+
+
+class Tree(JupyterMixin):
+    """A renderable for a tree structure.
+
+    Args:
+        label (RenderableType): The renderable or str for the tree label.
+        style (StyleType, optional): Style of this tree. Defaults to "tree".
+        guide_style (StyleType, optional): Style of the guide lines. Defaults to "tree.line".
+        expanded (bool, optional): Also display children. Defaults to True.
+        highlight (bool, optional): Highlight renderable (if str). Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        label: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        style: StyleType = "tree",
+        guide_style: StyleType = "tree.line",
+        expanded: bool = True,
+        highlight: bool = False,
+        hide_root: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.label = label
+        self.style = style
+        self.guide_style = guide_style
+        self.children: List[Tree] = []
+        self.expanded = expanded
+        self.highlight = highlight
+        self.hide_root = hide_root
+
+    def add(
+        self,
+        label: RenderableType,
+        *,
+        style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        guide_style: Optional[StyleType] = None,
+        expanded: bool = True,
+        highlight: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> "Tree":
+        """Add a child tree.
+
+        Args:
+            label (RenderableType): The renderable or str for the tree label.
+            style (StyleType, optional): Style of this tree. Defaults to "tree".
+            guide_style (StyleType, optional): Style of the guide lines. Defaults to "tree.line".
+            expanded (bool, optional): Also display children. Defaults to True.
+            highlight (Optional[bool], optional): Highlight renderable (if str). Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tree: A new child Tree, which may be further modified.
+        """
+        node = Tree(
+            label,
+            style=self.style if style is None else style,
+            guide_style=self.guide_style if guide_style is None else guide_style,
+            expanded=expanded,
+            highlight=self.highlight if highlight is None else highlight,
+        )
+        self.children.append(node)
+        return node
+
+    def __rich_console__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "RenderResult":
+
+        stack: List[Iterator[Tuple[bool, Tree]]] = []
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+        new_line = Segment.line()
+
+        get_style = console.get_style
+        null_style = Style.null()
+        guide_style = get_style(self.guide_style, default="") or null_style
+        SPACE, CONTINUE, FORK, END = range(4)
+
+        ASCII_GUIDES = ("    ", "|   ", "+-- ", "`-- ")
+        TREE_GUIDES = [
+            ("    ", "│   ", "├── ", "└── "),
+            ("    ", "┃   ", "┣━━ ", "┗━━ "),
+            ("    ", "║   ", "╠══ ", "╚══ "),
+        ]
+        _Segment = Segment
+
+        def make_guide(index: int, style: Style) -> Segment:
+            """Make a Segment for a level of the guide lines."""
+            if options.ascii_only:
+                line = ASCII_GUIDES[index]
+            else:
+                guide = 1 if style.bold else (2 if style.underline2 else 0)
+                line = TREE_GUIDES[0 if options.legacy_windows else guide][index]
+            return _Segment(line, style)
+
+        levels: List[Segment] = [make_guide(CONTINUE, guide_style)]
+        push(iter(loop_last([self])))
+
+        guide_style_stack = StyleStack(get_style(self.guide_style))
+        style_stack = StyleStack(get_style(self.style))
+        remove_guide_styles = Style(bold=False, underline2=False)
+
+        depth = 0
+
+        while stack:
+            stack_node = pop()
+            try:
+                last, node = next(stack_node)
+            except StopIteration:
+                levels.pop()
+                if levels:
+                    guide_style = levels[-1].style or null_style
+                    levels[-1] = make_guide(FORK, guide_style)
+                    guide_style_stack.pop()
+                    style_stack.pop()
+                continue
+            push(stack_node)
+            if last:
+                levels[-1] = make_guide(END, levels[-1].style or null_style)
+
+            guide_style = guide_style_stack.current + get_style(node.guide_style)
+            style = style_stack.current + get_style(node.style)
+            prefix = levels[(2 if self.hide_root else 1) :]
+            renderable_lines = console.render_lines(
+                Styled(node.label, style),
+                options.update(
+                    width=options.max_width
+                    - sum(level.cell_length for level in prefix),
+                    highlight=self.highlight,
+                    height=None,
+                ),
+                pad=options.justify is not None,
+            )
+
+            if not (depth == 0 and self.hide_root):
+                for first, line in loop_first(renderable_lines):
+                    if prefix:
+                        yield from _Segment.apply_style(
+                            prefix,
+                            style.background_style,
+                            post_style=remove_guide_styles,
+                        )
+                    yield from line
+                    yield new_line
+                    if first and prefix:
+                        prefix[-1] = make_guide(
+                            SPACE if last else CONTINUE, prefix[-1].style or null_style
+                        )
+
+            if node.expanded and node.children:
+                levels[-1] = make_guide(
+                    SPACE if last else CONTINUE, levels[-1].style or null_style
+                )
+                levels.append(
+                    make_guide(END if len(node.children) == 1 else FORK, guide_style)
+                )
+                style_stack.push(get_style(node.style))
+                guide_style_stack.push(get_style(node.guide_style))
+                push(iter(loop_last(node.children)))
+                depth += 1
+
+    def __rich_measure__(
+        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
+    ) -> "Measurement":
+        stack: List[Iterator[Tree]] = [iter([self])]
+        pop = stack.pop
+        push = stack.append
+        minimum = 0
+        maximum = 0
+        measure = Measurement.get
+        level = 0
+        while stack:
+            iter_tree = pop()
+            try:
+                tree = next(iter_tree)
+            except StopIteration:
+                level -= 1
+                continue
+            push(iter_tree)
+            min_measure, max_measure = measure(console, options, tree.label)
+            indent = level * 4
+            minimum = max(min_measure + indent, minimum)
+            maximum = max(max_measure + indent, maximum)
+            if tree.expanded and tree.children:
+                push(iter(tree.children))
+                level += 1
+        return Measurement(minimum, maximum)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+
+    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Group
+    from pip._vendor.rich.markdown import Markdown
+    from pip._vendor.rich.panel import Panel
+    from pip._vendor.rich.syntax import Syntax
+    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
+
+    table = Table(row_styles=["", "dim"])
+
+    table.add_column("Released", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
+    table.add_column("Title", style="magenta")
+    table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right", style="green")
+
+    table.add_row("Dec 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$952,110,690")
+    table.add_row("May 25, 2018", "Solo: A Star Wars Story", "$393,151,347")
+    table.add_row("Dec 15, 2017", "Star Wars Ep. V111: The Last Jedi", "$1,332,539,889")
+    table.add_row("Dec 16, 2016", "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story", "$1,332,439,889")
+
+    code = """\
+class Segment(NamedTuple):
+    text: str = ""
+    style: Optional[Style] = None
+    is_control: bool = False
+"""
+    syntax = Syntax(code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)
+
+    markdown = Markdown(
+        """\
+### example.md
+> Hello, World!
+>
+> Markdown _all_ the things
+"""
+    )
+
+    root = Tree("🌲 [b green]Rich Tree", highlight=True, hide_root=True)
+
+    node = root.add(":file_folder: Renderables", guide_style="red")
+    simple_node = node.add(":file_folder: [bold yellow]Atomic", guide_style="uu green")
+    simple_node.add(Group("📄 Syntax", syntax))
+    simple_node.add(Group("📄 Markdown", Panel(markdown, border_style="green")))
+
+    containers_node = node.add(
+        ":file_folder: [bold magenta]Containers", guide_style="bold magenta"
+    )
+    containers_node.expanded = True
+    panel = Panel.fit("Just a panel", border_style="red")
+    containers_node.add(Group("📄 Panels", panel))
+
+    containers_node.add(Group("📄 [b magenta]Table", table))
+
+    console = Console()
+
+    console.print(root)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/six.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/six.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e15675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/six.py
@@ -0,0 +1,998 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Benjamin Peterson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+
+__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
+__version__ = "1.16.0"
+
+
+# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = str,
+    integer_types = int,
+    class_types = type,
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
+else:
+    string_types = basestring,
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
+        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
+        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+    else:
+        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
+        class X(object):
+
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1 << 31
+        try:
+            len(X())
+        except OverflowError:
+            # 32-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+        else:
+            # 64-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
+        del X
+
+if PY34:
+    from importlib.util import spec_from_loader
+else:
+    spec_from_loader = None
+
+
+def _add_doc(func, doc):
+    """Add documentation to a function."""
+    func.__doc__ = doc
+
+
+def _import_module(name):
+    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
+    __import__(name)
+    return sys.modules[name]
+
+
+class _LazyDescr(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
+        result = self._resolve()
+        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
+        try:
+            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
+            # removing this descriptor.
+            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+
+class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
+        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new is None:
+                new = name
+            self.mod = new
+        else:
+            self.mod = old
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        return _import_module(self.mod)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        _module = self._resolve()
+        value = getattr(_module, attr)
+        setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return value
+
+
+class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
+        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
+        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
+        return attrs
+
+    # Subclasses should override this
+    _moved_attributes = []
+
+
+class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
+        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new_mod is None:
+                new_mod = name
+            self.mod = new_mod
+            if new_attr is None:
+                if old_attr is None:
+                    new_attr = name
+                else:
+                    new_attr = old_attr
+            self.attr = new_attr
+        else:
+            self.mod = old_mod
+            if old_attr is None:
+                old_attr = name
+            self.attr = old_attr
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        module = _import_module(self.mod)
+        return getattr(module, self.attr)
+
+
+class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
+
+    """
+    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
+
+    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
+    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
+        self.name = six_module_name
+        self.known_modules = {}
+
+    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
+        for fullname in fullnames:
+            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
+
+    def _get_module(self, fullname):
+        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
+        return None
+
+    def __get_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            return self.known_modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            # in case of a reload
+            return sys.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
+        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
+            mod = mod._resolve()
+        else:
+            mod.__loader__ = self
+        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+        return mod
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Return true, if the named module is a package.
+
+        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
+        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
+        """
+        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
+
+    def get_code(self, fullname):
+        """Return None
+
+        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
+        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
+        return None
+    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
+
+    def create_module(self, spec):
+        return self.load_module(spec.name)
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        pass
+
+_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
+
+
+class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+
+
+_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
+    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
+    MovedAttribute("filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"),
+    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
+    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
+    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
+    MovedAttribute("getoutput", "commands", "subprocess"),
+    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"),
+    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
+    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
+    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"),
+    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
+    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
+    MovedModule("collections_abc", "collections", "collections.abc" if sys.version_info >= (3, 3) else "collections"),
+    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_ndbm", "dbm", "dbm.ndbm"),
+    MovedModule("_dummy_thread", "dummy_thread", "_dummy_thread" if sys.version_info < (3, 9) else "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
+    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
+    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
+    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_image", "email.MIMEImage", "email.mime.image"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
+    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
+    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
+    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
+    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
+    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser",
+                "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog",
+                "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog",
+                "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
+]
+# Add windows specific modules.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    _moved_attributes += [
+        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
+    ]
+
+for attr in _moved_attributes:
+    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
+    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
+        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
+del attr
+
+_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
+
+moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
+_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
+
+
+_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_to_bytes", "urllib", "urllib.parse", "unquote", "unquote_to_bytes"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitvalue", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+                      "moves.urllib_parse", "moves.urllib.parse")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
+
+
+_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+                      "moves.urllib_error", "moves.urllib.error")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
+
+
+_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_http_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_keqv_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+                      "moves.urllib_request", "moves.urllib.request")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
+
+
+_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+                      "moves.urllib_response", "moves.urllib.response")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
+
+
+_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+                      "moves.urllib_robotparser", "moves.urllib.robotparser")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
+
+    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
+    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
+    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
+    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
+    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ['parse', 'error', 'request', 'response', 'robotparser']
+
+_importer._add_module(Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+                      "moves.urllib")
+
+
+def add_move(move):
+    """Add an item to six.moves."""
+    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
+
+
+def remove_move(name):
+    """Remove item from six.moves."""
+    try:
+        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            del moves.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    _meth_func = "__func__"
+    _meth_self = "__self__"
+
+    _func_closure = "__closure__"
+    _func_code = "__code__"
+    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
+    _func_globals = "__globals__"
+else:
+    _meth_func = "im_func"
+    _meth_self = "im_self"
+
+    _func_closure = "func_closure"
+    _func_code = "func_code"
+    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
+    _func_globals = "func_globals"
+
+
+try:
+    advance_iterator = next
+except NameError:
+    def advance_iterator(it):
+        return it.next()
+next = advance_iterator
+
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound
+
+    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return func
+
+    Iterator = object
+else:
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound.im_func
+
+    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
+        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
+
+    class Iterator(object):
+
+        def next(self):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+
+    callable = callable
+_add_doc(get_unbound_function,
+         """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function""")
+
+
+get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
+get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
+get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
+get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
+get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
+get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.values(**kw))
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.items(**kw))
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
+else:
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return d.itervalues(**kw)
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return d.iteritems(**kw)
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterlists(**kw)
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
+
+_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems,
+         "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iterlists,
+         "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary.")
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+    unichr = chr
+    import struct
+    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
+    del struct
+    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
+    indexbytes = operator.getitem
+    iterbytes = iter
+    import io
+    StringIO = io.StringIO
+    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
+    del io
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
+    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+    else:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegex"
+else:
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+    # Workaround for standalone backslash
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s.replace(r'\\', r'\\\\'), "unicode_escape")
+    unichr = unichr
+    int2byte = chr
+
+    def byte2int(bs):
+        return ord(bs[0])
+
+    def indexbytes(buf, i):
+        return ord(buf[i])
+    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
+    import StringIO
+    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
+    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+    _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
+_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
+
+
+def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertNotRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertNotRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        try:
+            if value is None:
+                value = tp()
+            if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+                raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+            raise value
+        finally:
+            value = None
+            tb = None
+
+else:
+    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if _globs_ is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
+            if _locs_ is None:
+                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif _locs_ is None:
+            _locs_ = _globs_
+        exec("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
+
+    exec_("""def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    try:
+        raise tp, value, tb
+    finally:
+        tb = None
+""")
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] > (3,):
+    exec_("""def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    try:
+        raise value from from_value
+    finally:
+        value = None
+""")
+else:
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
+if print_ is None:
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
+        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
+        if fp is None:
+            return
+
+        def write(data):
+            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+                data = str(data)
+            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
+            if (isinstance(fp, file) and
+                    isinstance(data, unicode) and
+                    fp.encoding is not None):
+                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
+                if errors is None:
+                    errors = "strict"
+                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
+            fp.write(data)
+        want_unicode = False
+        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
+        if sep is not None:
+            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
+                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
+        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
+        if end is not None:
+            if isinstance(end, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(end, str):
+                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
+        if not want_unicode:
+            for arg in args:
+                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
+                    want_unicode = True
+                    break
+        if want_unicode:
+            newline = unicode("\n")
+            space = unicode(" ")
+        else:
+            newline = "\n"
+            space = " "
+        if sep is None:
+            sep = space
+        if end is None:
+            end = newline
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i:
+                write(sep)
+            write(arg)
+        write(end)
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
+    _print = print_
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
+        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
+        _print(*args, **kwargs)
+        if flush and fp is not None:
+            fp.flush()
+
+_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
+
+if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
+    # This does exactly the same what the :func:`py3:functools.update_wrapper`
+    # function does on Python versions after 3.2. It sets the ``__wrapped__``
+    # attribute on ``wrapper`` object and it doesn't raise an error if any of
+    # the attributes mentioned in ``assigned`` and ``updated`` are missing on
+    # ``wrapped`` object.
+    def _update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped,
+                        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+                        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
+        for attr in assigned:
+            try:
+                value = getattr(wrapped, attr)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+            else:
+                setattr(wrapper, attr, value)
+        for attr in updated:
+            getattr(wrapper, attr).update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
+        wrapper.__wrapped__ = wrapped
+        return wrapper
+    _update_wrapper.__doc__ = functools.update_wrapper.__doc__
+
+    def wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+              updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES):
+        return functools.partial(_update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped,
+                                 assigned=assigned, updated=updated)
+    wraps.__doc__ = functools.wraps.__doc__
+
+else:
+    wraps = functools.wraps
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(type):
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+                # This version introduced PEP 560 that requires a bit
+                # of extra care (we mimic what is done by __build_class__).
+                resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(bases)
+                if resolved_bases is not bases:
+                    d['__orig_bases__'] = bases
+            else:
+                resolved_bases = bases
+            return meta(name, resolved_bases, d)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __prepare__(cls, name, this_bases):
+            return meta.__prepare__(name, bases)
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
+
+
+def add_metaclass(metaclass):
+    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+    def wrapper(cls):
+        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
+        slots = orig_vars.get('__slots__')
+        if slots is not None:
+            if isinstance(slots, str):
+                slots = [slots]
+            for slots_var in slots:
+                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
+        orig_vars.pop('__dict__', None)
+        orig_vars.pop('__weakref__', None)
+        if hasattr(cls, '__qualname__'):
+            orig_vars['__qualname__'] = cls.__qualname__
+        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def ensure_binary(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+    """Coerce **s** to six.binary_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> encoded to `bytes`
+      - `bytes` -> `bytes`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def ensure_str(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+    """Coerce *s* to `str`.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    # Optimization: Fast return for the common case.
+    if type(s) is str:
+        return s
+    if PY2 and isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    elif PY3 and isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif not isinstance(s, (text_type, binary_type)):
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+    return s
+
+
+def ensure_text(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+    """Coerce *s* to six.text_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> `unicode`
+      - `str` -> `unicode`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A class decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if PY2:
+        if '__str__' not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError("@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                             "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." %
+                             klass.__name__)
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+    return klass
+
+
+# Complete the moves implementation.
+# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
+# Turn this module into a package.
+__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
+__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
+if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
+    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
+# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
+# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
+# this for some reason.)
+if sys.meta_path:
+    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
+        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
+        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
+        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
+        # inserted an importer with different class.
+        if (type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter" and
+                importer.name == __name__):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+            break
+    del i, importer
+# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
+sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f1603a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+# Copyright 2016-2018 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2017 Elisey Zanko
+# Copyright 2016 Étienne Bersac
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import functools
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import typing as t
+import warnings
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from concurrent import futures
+from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+
+# Import all built-in retry strategies for easier usage.
+from .retry import retry_base  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_all  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_always  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_any  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception_cause_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_not_exception_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_not_result  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_result  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_never  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_unless_exception_type  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_exception_message  # noqa
+from .retry import retry_if_not_exception_message  # noqa
+
+# Import all nap strategies for easier usage.
+from .nap import sleep  # noqa
+from .nap import sleep_using_event  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in stop strategies for easier usage.
+from .stop import stop_after_attempt  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_after_delay  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_all  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_any  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_never  # noqa
+from .stop import stop_when_event_set  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in wait strategies for easier usage.
+from .wait import wait_chain  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_combine  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_exponential  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_fixed  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_incrementing  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_none  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_random  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_random_exponential  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_random_exponential as wait_full_jitter  # noqa
+from .wait import wait_exponential_jitter  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in before strategies for easier usage.
+from .before import before_log  # noqa
+from .before import before_nothing  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in after strategies for easier usage.
+from .after import after_log  # noqa
+from .after import after_nothing  # noqa
+
+# Import all built-in after strategies for easier usage.
+from .before_sleep import before_sleep_log  # noqa
+from .before_sleep import before_sleep_nothing  # noqa
+
+# Replace a conditional import with a hard-coded None so that pip does
+# not attempt to use tornado even if it is present in the environment.
+# If tornado is non-None, tenacity will attempt to execute some code
+# that is sensitive to the version of tornado, which could break pip
+# if an old version is found.
+tornado = None  # type: ignore
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import types
+
+    from .retry import RetryBaseT
+    from .stop import StopBaseT
+    from .wait import WaitBaseT
+
+
+WrappedFnReturnT = t.TypeVar("WrappedFnReturnT")
+WrappedFn = t.TypeVar("WrappedFn", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
+
+
+class TryAgain(Exception):
+    """Always retry the executed function when raised."""
+
+
+NO_RESULT = object()
+
+
+class DoAttempt:
+    pass
+
+
+class DoSleep(float):
+    pass
+
+
+class BaseAction:
+    """Base class for representing actions to take by retry object.
+
+    Concrete implementations must define:
+    - __init__: to initialize all necessary fields
+    - REPR_FIELDS: class variable specifying attributes to include in repr(self)
+    - NAME: for identification in retry object methods and callbacks
+    """
+
+    REPR_FIELDS: t.Sequence[str] = ()
+    NAME: t.Optional[str] = None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        state_str = ", ".join(f"{field}={getattr(self, field)!r}" for field in self.REPR_FIELDS)
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({state_str})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return repr(self)
+
+
+class RetryAction(BaseAction):
+    REPR_FIELDS = ("sleep",)
+    NAME = "retry"
+
+    def __init__(self, sleep: t.SupportsFloat) -> None:
+        self.sleep = float(sleep)
+
+
+_unset = object()
+
+
+def _first_set(first: t.Union[t.Any, object], second: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    return second if first is _unset else first
+
+
+class RetryError(Exception):
+    """Encapsulates the last attempt instance right before giving up."""
+
+    def __init__(self, last_attempt: "Future") -> None:
+        self.last_attempt = last_attempt
+        super().__init__(last_attempt)
+
+    def reraise(self) -> "t.NoReturn":
+        if self.last_attempt.failed:
+            raise self.last_attempt.result()
+        raise self
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}[{self.last_attempt}]"
+
+
+class AttemptManager:
+    """Manage attempt context."""
+
+    def __init__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState"):
+        self.retry_state = retry_state
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: t.Optional[t.Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: t.Optional[BaseException],
+        traceback: t.Optional["types.TracebackType"],
+    ) -> t.Optional[bool]:
+        if exc_type is not None and exc_value is not None:
+            self.retry_state.set_exception((exc_type, exc_value, traceback))
+            return True  # Swallow exception.
+        else:
+            # We don't have the result, actually.
+            self.retry_state.set_result(None)
+            return None
+
+
+class BaseRetrying(ABC):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sleep: t.Callable[[t.Union[int, float]], None] = sleep,
+        stop: "StopBaseT" = stop_never,
+        wait: "WaitBaseT" = wait_none(),
+        retry: "RetryBaseT" = retry_if_exception_type(),
+        before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = before_nothing,
+        after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = after_nothing,
+        before_sleep: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]] = None,
+        reraise: bool = False,
+        retry_error_cls: t.Type[RetryError] = RetryError,
+        retry_error_callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]] = None,
+    ):
+        self.sleep = sleep
+        self.stop = stop
+        self.wait = wait
+        self.retry = retry
+        self.before = before
+        self.after = after
+        self.before_sleep = before_sleep
+        self.reraise = reraise
+        self._local = threading.local()
+        self.retry_error_cls = retry_error_cls
+        self.retry_error_callback = retry_error_callback
+
+    def copy(
+        self,
+        sleep: t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Union[int, float]], None], object] = _unset,
+        stop: t.Union["StopBaseT", object] = _unset,
+        wait: t.Union["WaitBaseT", object] = _unset,
+        retry: t.Union[retry_base, object] = _unset,
+        before: t.Union[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None], object] = _unset,
+        after: t.Union[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None], object] = _unset,
+        before_sleep: t.Union[t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]], object] = _unset,
+        reraise: t.Union[bool, object] = _unset,
+        retry_error_cls: t.Union[t.Type[RetryError], object] = _unset,
+        retry_error_callback: t.Union[t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]], object] = _unset,
+    ) -> "BaseRetrying":
+        """Copy this object with some parameters changed if needed."""
+        return self.__class__(
+            sleep=_first_set(sleep, self.sleep),
+            stop=_first_set(stop, self.stop),
+            wait=_first_set(wait, self.wait),
+            retry=_first_set(retry, self.retry),
+            before=_first_set(before, self.before),
+            after=_first_set(after, self.after),
+            before_sleep=_first_set(before_sleep, self.before_sleep),
+            reraise=_first_set(reraise, self.reraise),
+            retry_error_cls=_first_set(retry_error_cls, self.retry_error_cls),
+            retry_error_callback=_first_set(retry_error_callback, self.retry_error_callback),
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} object at 0x{id(self):x} ("
+            f"stop={self.stop}, "
+            f"wait={self.wait}, "
+            f"sleep={self.sleep}, "
+            f"retry={self.retry}, "
+            f"before={self.before}, "
+            f"after={self.after})>"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def statistics(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+        """Return a dictionary of runtime statistics.
+
+        This dictionary will be empty when the controller has never been
+        ran. When it is running or has ran previously it should have (but
+        may not) have useful and/or informational keys and values when
+        running is underway and/or completed.
+
+        .. warning:: The keys in this dictionary **should** be some what
+                     stable (not changing), but there existence **may**
+                     change between major releases as new statistics are
+                     gathered or removed so before accessing keys ensure that
+                     they actually exist and handle when they do not.
+
+        .. note:: The values in this dictionary are local to the thread
+                  running call (so if multiple threads share the same retrying
+                  object - either directly or indirectly) they will each have
+                  there own view of statistics they have collected (in the
+                  future we may provide a way to aggregate the various
+                  statistics from each thread).
+        """
+        try:
+            return self._local.statistics  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._local.statistics = t.cast(t.Dict[str, t.Any], {})
+            return self._local.statistics
+
+    def wraps(self, f: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+        """Wrap a function for retrying.
+
+        :param f: A function to wraps for retrying.
+        """
+
+        @functools.wraps(f)
+        def wrapped_f(*args: t.Any, **kw: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            return self(f, *args, **kw)
+
+        def retry_with(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> WrappedFn:
+            return self.copy(*args, **kwargs).wraps(f)
+
+        wrapped_f.retry = self  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        wrapped_f.retry_with = retry_with  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return wrapped_f  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def begin(self) -> None:
+        self.statistics.clear()
+        self.statistics["start_time"] = time.monotonic()
+        self.statistics["attempt_number"] = 1
+        self.statistics["idle_for"] = 0
+
+    def iter(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> t.Union[DoAttempt, DoSleep, t.Any]:  # noqa
+        fut = retry_state.outcome
+        if fut is None:
+            if self.before is not None:
+                self.before(retry_state)
+            return DoAttempt()
+
+        is_explicit_retry = fut.failed and isinstance(fut.exception(), TryAgain)
+        if not (is_explicit_retry or self.retry(retry_state)):
+            return fut.result()
+
+        if self.after is not None:
+            self.after(retry_state)
+
+        self.statistics["delay_since_first_attempt"] = retry_state.seconds_since_start
+        if self.stop(retry_state):
+            if self.retry_error_callback:
+                return self.retry_error_callback(retry_state)
+            retry_exc = self.retry_error_cls(fut)
+            if self.reraise:
+                raise retry_exc.reraise()
+            raise retry_exc from fut.exception()
+
+        if self.wait:
+            sleep = self.wait(retry_state)
+        else:
+            sleep = 0.0
+        retry_state.next_action = RetryAction(sleep)
+        retry_state.idle_for += sleep
+        self.statistics["idle_for"] += sleep
+        self.statistics["attempt_number"] += 1
+
+        if self.before_sleep is not None:
+            self.before_sleep(retry_state)
+
+        return DoSleep(sleep)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Generator[AttemptManager, None, None]:
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(self, fn=None, args=(), kwargs={})
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                yield AttemptManager(retry_state=retry_state)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        fn: t.Callable[..., WrappedFnReturnT],
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> WrappedFnReturnT:
+        pass
+
+
+class Retrying(BaseRetrying):
+    """Retrying controller."""
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        fn: t.Callable[..., WrappedFnReturnT],
+        *args: t.Any,
+        **kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> WrappedFnReturnT:
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(retry_object=self, fn=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                try:
+                    result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
+                except BaseException:  # noqa: B902
+                    retry_state.set_exception(sys.exc_info())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    retry_state.set_result(result)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                return do  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+if sys.version_info[1] >= 9:
+    FutureGenericT = futures.Future[t.Any]
+else:
+    FutureGenericT = futures.Future
+
+
+class Future(FutureGenericT):
+    """Encapsulates a (future or past) attempted call to a target function."""
+
+    def __init__(self, attempt_number: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.attempt_number = attempt_number
+
+    @property
+    def failed(self) -> bool:
+        """Return whether a exception is being held in this future."""
+        return self.exception() is not None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def construct(cls, attempt_number: int, value: t.Any, has_exception: bool) -> "Future":
+        """Construct a new Future object."""
+        fut = cls(attempt_number)
+        if has_exception:
+            fut.set_exception(value)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(value)
+        return fut
+
+
+class RetryCallState:
+    """State related to a single call wrapped with Retrying."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        retry_object: BaseRetrying,
+        fn: t.Optional[WrappedFn],
+        args: t.Any,
+        kwargs: t.Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        #: Retry call start timestamp
+        self.start_time = time.monotonic()
+        #: Retry manager object
+        self.retry_object = retry_object
+        #: Function wrapped by this retry call
+        self.fn = fn
+        #: Arguments of the function wrapped by this retry call
+        self.args = args
+        #: Keyword arguments of the function wrapped by this retry call
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+        #: The number of the current attempt
+        self.attempt_number: int = 1
+        #: Last outcome (result or exception) produced by the function
+        self.outcome: t.Optional[Future] = None
+        #: Timestamp of the last outcome
+        self.outcome_timestamp: t.Optional[float] = None
+        #: Time spent sleeping in retries
+        self.idle_for: float = 0.0
+        #: Next action as decided by the retry manager
+        self.next_action: t.Optional[RetryAction] = None
+
+    @property
+    def seconds_since_start(self) -> t.Optional[float]:
+        if self.outcome_timestamp is None:
+            return None
+        return self.outcome_timestamp - self.start_time
+
+    def prepare_for_next_attempt(self) -> None:
+        self.outcome = None
+        self.outcome_timestamp = None
+        self.attempt_number += 1
+        self.next_action = None
+
+    def set_result(self, val: t.Any) -> None:
+        ts = time.monotonic()
+        fut = Future(self.attempt_number)
+        fut.set_result(val)
+        self.outcome, self.outcome_timestamp = fut, ts
+
+    def set_exception(
+        self, exc_info: t.Tuple[t.Type[BaseException], BaseException, "types.TracebackType| None"]
+    ) -> None:
+        ts = time.monotonic()
+        fut = Future(self.attempt_number)
+        fut.set_exception(exc_info[1])
+        self.outcome, self.outcome_timestamp = fut, ts
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.outcome is None:
+            result = "none yet"
+        elif self.outcome.failed:
+            exception = self.outcome.exception()
+            result = f"failed ({exception.__class__.__name__} {exception})"
+        else:
+            result = f"returned {self.outcome.result()}"
+
+        slept = float(round(self.idle_for, 2))
+        clsname = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"<{clsname} {id(self)}: attempt #{self.attempt_number}; slept for {slept}; last result: {result}>"
+
+
+@t.overload
+def retry(func: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+    ...
+
+
+@t.overload
+def retry(
+    sleep: t.Callable[[t.Union[int, float]], None] = sleep,
+    stop: "StopBaseT" = stop_never,
+    wait: "WaitBaseT" = wait_none(),
+    retry: "RetryBaseT" = retry_if_exception_type(),
+    before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = before_nothing,
+    after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] = after_nothing,
+    before_sleep: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]] = None,
+    reraise: bool = False,
+    retry_error_cls: t.Type["RetryError"] = RetryError,
+    retry_error_callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]] = None,
+) -> t.Callable[[WrappedFn], WrappedFn]:
+    ...
+
+
+def retry(*dargs: t.Any, **dkw: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    """Wrap a function with a new `Retrying` object.
+
+    :param dargs: positional arguments passed to Retrying object
+    :param dkw: keyword arguments passed to the Retrying object
+    """
+    # support both @retry and @retry() as valid syntax
+    if len(dargs) == 1 and callable(dargs[0]):
+        return retry()(dargs[0])
+    else:
+
+        def wrap(f: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+            if isinstance(f, retry_base):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"Got retry_base instance ({f.__class__.__name__}) as callable argument, "
+                    f"this will probably hang indefinitely (did you mean retry={f.__class__.__name__}(...)?)"
+                )
+            r: "BaseRetrying"
+            if iscoroutinefunction(f):
+                r = AsyncRetrying(*dargs, **dkw)
+            elif tornado and hasattr(tornado.gen, "is_coroutine_function") and tornado.gen.is_coroutine_function(f):
+                r = TornadoRetrying(*dargs, **dkw)
+            else:
+                r = Retrying(*dargs, **dkw)
+
+            return r.wraps(f)
+
+        return wrap
+
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity._asyncio import AsyncRetrying  # noqa:E402,I100
+
+if tornado:
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity.tornadoweb import TornadoRetrying
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "retry_base",
+    "retry_all",
+    "retry_always",
+    "retry_any",
+    "retry_if_exception",
+    "retry_if_exception_type",
+    "retry_if_exception_cause_type",
+    "retry_if_not_exception_type",
+    "retry_if_not_result",
+    "retry_if_result",
+    "retry_never",
+    "retry_unless_exception_type",
+    "retry_if_exception_message",
+    "retry_if_not_exception_message",
+    "sleep",
+    "sleep_using_event",
+    "stop_after_attempt",
+    "stop_after_delay",
+    "stop_all",
+    "stop_any",
+    "stop_never",
+    "stop_when_event_set",
+    "wait_chain",
+    "wait_combine",
+    "wait_exponential",
+    "wait_fixed",
+    "wait_incrementing",
+    "wait_none",
+    "wait_random",
+    "wait_random_exponential",
+    "wait_full_jitter",
+    "wait_exponential_jitter",
+    "before_log",
+    "before_nothing",
+    "after_log",
+    "after_nothing",
+    "before_sleep_log",
+    "before_sleep_nothing",
+    "retry",
+    "WrappedFn",
+    "TryAgain",
+    "NO_RESULT",
+    "DoAttempt",
+    "DoSleep",
+    "BaseAction",
+    "RetryAction",
+    "RetryError",
+    "AttemptManager",
+    "BaseRetrying",
+    "Retrying",
+    "Future",
+    "RetryCallState",
+    "AsyncRetrying",
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_asyncio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e50cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Étienne Bersac
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import functools
+import sys
+import typing as t
+from asyncio import sleep
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import AttemptManager
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import BaseRetrying
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoAttempt
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoSleep
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+WrappedFnReturnT = t.TypeVar("WrappedFnReturnT")
+WrappedFn = t.TypeVar("WrappedFn", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Awaitable[t.Any]])
+
+
+class AsyncRetrying(BaseRetrying):
+    sleep: t.Callable[[float], t.Awaitable[t.Any]]
+
+    def __init__(self, sleep: t.Callable[[float], t.Awaitable[t.Any]] = sleep, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.sleep = sleep
+
+    async def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, fn: WrappedFn, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
+    ) -> WrappedFnReturnT:
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(retry_object=self, fn=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                try:
+                    result = await fn(*args, **kwargs)
+                except BaseException:  # noqa: B902
+                    retry_state.set_exception(sys.exc_info())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    retry_state.set_result(result)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                await self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                return do  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> t.Generator[AttemptManager, None, None]:
+        raise TypeError("AsyncRetrying object is not iterable")
+
+    def __aiter__(self) -> "AsyncRetrying":
+        self.begin()
+        self._retry_state = RetryCallState(self, fn=None, args=(), kwargs={})
+        return self
+
+    async def __anext__(self) -> AttemptManager:
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=self._retry_state)
+            if do is None:
+                raise StopAsyncIteration
+            elif isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                return AttemptManager(retry_state=self._retry_state)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                self._retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                await self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                raise StopAsyncIteration
+
+    def wraps(self, fn: WrappedFn) -> WrappedFn:
+        fn = super().wraps(fn)
+        # Ensure wrapper is recognized as a coroutine function.
+
+        @functools.wraps(fn)
+        async def async_wrapped(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+            return await fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Preserve attributes
+        async_wrapped.retry = fn.retry  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        async_wrapped.retry_with = fn.retry_with  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+        return async_wrapped  # type: ignore[return-value]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f14ff32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import sys
+import typing
+from datetime import timedelta
+
+
+# sys.maxsize:
+# An integer giving the maximum value a variable of type Py_ssize_t can take.
+MAX_WAIT = sys.maxsize / 2
+
+
+def find_ordinal(pos_num: int) -> str:
+    # See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_numerals#Ordinal_numbers
+    if pos_num == 0:
+        return "th"
+    elif pos_num == 1:
+        return "st"
+    elif pos_num == 2:
+        return "nd"
+    elif pos_num == 3:
+        return "rd"
+    elif 4 <= pos_num <= 20:
+        return "th"
+    else:
+        return find_ordinal(pos_num % 10)
+
+
+def to_ordinal(pos_num: int) -> str:
+    return f"{pos_num}{find_ordinal(pos_num)}"
+
+
+def get_callback_name(cb: typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]) -> str:
+    """Get a callback fully-qualified name.
+
+    If no name can be produced ``repr(cb)`` is called and returned.
+    """
+    segments = []
+    try:
+        segments.append(cb.__qualname__)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            segments.append(cb.__name__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+    if not segments:
+        return repr(cb)
+    else:
+        try:
+            # When running under sphinx it appears this can be none?
+            if cb.__module__:
+                segments.insert(0, cb.__module__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return ".".join(segments)
+
+
+time_unit_type = typing.Union[int, float, timedelta]
+
+
+def to_seconds(time_unit: time_unit_type) -> float:
+    return float(time_unit.total_seconds() if isinstance(time_unit, timedelta) else time_unit)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/after.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/after.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..574c9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/after.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+def after_nothing(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+    """After call strategy that does nothing."""
+
+
+def after_log(
+    logger: "logging.Logger",
+    log_level: int,
+    sec_format: str = "%0.3f",
+) -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
+    """After call strategy that logs to some logger the finished attempt."""
+
+    def log_it(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+        if retry_state.fn is None:
+            # NOTE(sileht): can't really happen, but we must please mypy
+            fn_name = "<unknown>"
+        else:
+            fn_name = _utils.get_callback_name(retry_state.fn)
+        logger.log(
+            log_level,
+            f"Finished call to '{fn_name}' "
+            f"after {sec_format % retry_state.seconds_since_start}(s), "
+            f"this was the {_utils.to_ordinal(retry_state.attempt_number)} time calling it.",
+        )
+
+    return log_it
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfd7dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+def before_nothing(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+    """Before call strategy that does nothing."""
+
+
+def before_log(logger: "logging.Logger", log_level: int) -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
+    """Before call strategy that logs to some logger the attempt."""
+
+    def log_it(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+        if retry_state.fn is None:
+            # NOTE(sileht): can't really happen, but we must please mypy
+            fn_name = "<unknown>"
+        else:
+            fn_name = _utils.get_callback_name(retry_state.fn)
+        logger.log(
+            log_level,
+            f"Starting call to '{fn_name}', "
+            f"this is the {_utils.to_ordinal(retry_state.attempt_number)} time calling it.",
+        )
+
+    return log_it
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before_sleep.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before_sleep.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c6167f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/before_sleep.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import logging
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+def before_sleep_nothing(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+    """Before call strategy that does nothing."""
+
+
+def before_sleep_log(
+    logger: "logging.Logger",
+    log_level: int,
+    exc_info: bool = False,
+) -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
+    """Before call strategy that logs to some logger the attempt."""
+
+    def log_it(retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> None:
+        local_exc_info: BaseException | bool | None
+
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("log_it() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if retry_state.next_action is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("log_it() called before next_action was set")
+
+        if retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            ex = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            verb, value = "raised", f"{ex.__class__.__name__}: {ex}"
+
+            if exc_info:
+                local_exc_info = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            else:
+                local_exc_info = False
+        else:
+            verb, value = "returned", retry_state.outcome.result()
+            local_exc_info = False  # exc_info does not apply when no exception
+
+        if retry_state.fn is None:
+            # NOTE(sileht): can't really happen, but we must please mypy
+            fn_name = "<unknown>"
+        else:
+            fn_name = _utils.get_callback_name(retry_state.fn)
+
+        logger.log(
+            log_level,
+            f"Retrying {fn_name} " f"in {retry_state.next_action.sleep} seconds as it {verb} {value}.",
+            exc_info=local_exc_info,
+        )
+
+    return log_it
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/nap.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/nap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72aa5bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/nap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Copyright 2016 Étienne Bersac
+# Copyright 2016 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import time
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
+
+def sleep(seconds: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Sleep strategy that delays execution for a given number of seconds.
+
+    This is the default strategy, and may be mocked out for unit testing.
+    """
+    time.sleep(seconds)
+
+
+class sleep_using_event:
+    """Sleep strategy that waits on an event to be set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, event: "threading.Event") -> None:
+        self.event = event
+
+    def __call__(self, timeout: typing.Optional[float]) -> None:
+        # NOTE(harlowja): this may *not* actually wait for timeout
+        # seconds if the event is set (ie this may eject out early).
+        self.event.wait(timeout=timeout)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/retry.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3898873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+# Copyright 2016–2021 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import re
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+class retry_base(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for retry strategies."""
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        pass
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "retry_base") -> "retry_all":
+        return retry_all(self, other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other: "retry_base") -> "retry_any":
+        return retry_any(self, other)
+
+
+RetryBaseT = typing.Union[retry_base, typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], bool]]
+
+
+class _retry_never(retry_base):
+    """Retry strategy that never rejects any result."""
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+retry_never = _retry_never()
+
+
+class _retry_always(retry_base):
+    """Retry strategy that always rejects any result."""
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return True
+
+
+retry_always = _retry_always()
+
+
+class retry_if_exception(retry_base):
+    """Retry strategy that retries if an exception verifies a predicate."""
+
+    def __init__(self, predicate: typing.Callable[[BaseException], bool]) -> None:
+        self.predicate = predicate
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            exception = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            if exception is None:
+                raise RuntimeError("outcome failed but the exception is None")
+            return self.predicate(exception)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+class retry_if_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries if an exception has been raised of one or more types."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_types = exception_types
+        super().__init__(lambda e: isinstance(e, exception_types))
+
+
+class retry_if_not_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries except an exception has been raised of one or more types."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_types = exception_types
+        super().__init__(lambda e: not isinstance(e, exception_types))
+
+
+class retry_unless_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries until an exception is raised of one or more types."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_types = exception_types
+        super().__init__(lambda e: not isinstance(e, exception_types))
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        # always retry if no exception was raised
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return True
+
+        exception = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+        if exception is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("outcome failed but the exception is None")
+        return self.predicate(exception)
+
+
+class retry_if_exception_cause_type(retry_base):
+    """Retries if any of the causes of the raised exception is of one or more types.
+
+    The check on the type of the cause of the exception is done recursively (until finding
+    an exception in the chain that has no `__cause__`)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        exception_types: typing.Union[
+            typing.Type[BaseException],
+            typing.Tuple[typing.Type[BaseException], ...],
+        ] = Exception,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exception_cause_types = exception_types
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__ called before outcome was set")
+
+        if retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            exc = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+            while exc is not None:
+                if isinstance(exc.__cause__, self.exception_cause_types):
+                    return True
+                exc = exc.__cause__
+
+        return False
+
+
+class retry_if_result(retry_base):
+    """Retries if the result verifies a predicate."""
+
+    def __init__(self, predicate: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], bool]) -> None:
+        self.predicate = predicate
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return self.predicate(retry_state.outcome.result())
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+class retry_if_not_result(retry_base):
+    """Retries if the result refutes a predicate."""
+
+    def __init__(self, predicate: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], bool]) -> None:
+        self.predicate = predicate
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return not self.predicate(retry_state.outcome.result())
+        else:
+            return False
+
+
+class retry_if_exception_message(retry_if_exception):
+    """Retries if an exception message equals or matches."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        match: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if message and match:
+            raise TypeError(f"{self.__class__.__name__}() takes either 'message' or 'match', not both")
+
+        # set predicate
+        if message:
+
+            def message_fnc(exception: BaseException) -> bool:
+                return message == str(exception)
+
+            predicate = message_fnc
+        elif match:
+            prog = re.compile(match)
+
+            def match_fnc(exception: BaseException) -> bool:
+                return bool(prog.match(str(exception)))
+
+            predicate = match_fnc
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"{self.__class__.__name__}() missing 1 required argument 'message' or 'match'")
+
+        super().__init__(predicate)
+
+
+class retry_if_not_exception_message(retry_if_exception_message):
+    """Retries until an exception message equals or matches."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        message: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+        match: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, match)
+        # invert predicate
+        if_predicate = self.predicate
+        self.predicate = lambda *args_, **kwargs_: not if_predicate(*args_, **kwargs_)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.outcome is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called before outcome was set")
+
+        if not retry_state.outcome.failed:
+            return True
+
+        exception = retry_state.outcome.exception()
+        if exception is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("outcome failed but the exception is None")
+        return self.predicate(exception)
+
+
+class retry_any(retry_base):
+    """Retries if any of the retries condition is valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *retries: retry_base) -> None:
+        self.retries = retries
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return any(r(retry_state) for r in self.retries)
+
+
+class retry_all(retry_base):
+    """Retries if all the retries condition are valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *retries: retry_base) -> None:
+        self.retries = retries
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return all(r(retry_state) for r in self.retries)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/stop.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/stop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb23eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/stop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# Copyright 2016–2021 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+import abc
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import threading
+
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+class stop_base(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for stop strategies."""
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        pass
+
+    def __and__(self, other: "stop_base") -> "stop_all":
+        return stop_all(self, other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other: "stop_base") -> "stop_any":
+        return stop_any(self, other)
+
+
+StopBaseT = typing.Union[stop_base, typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], bool]]
+
+
+class stop_any(stop_base):
+    """Stop if any of the stop condition is valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *stops: stop_base) -> None:
+        self.stops = stops
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return any(x(retry_state) for x in self.stops)
+
+
+class stop_all(stop_base):
+    """Stop if all the stop conditions are valid."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *stops: stop_base) -> None:
+        self.stops = stops
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return all(x(retry_state) for x in self.stops)
+
+
+class _stop_never(stop_base):
+    """Never stop."""
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+stop_never = _stop_never()
+
+
+class stop_when_event_set(stop_base):
+    """Stop when the given event is set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, event: "threading.Event") -> None:
+        self.event = event
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return self.event.is_set()
+
+
+class stop_after_attempt(stop_base):
+    """Stop when the previous attempt >= max_attempt."""
+
+    def __init__(self, max_attempt_number: int) -> None:
+        self.max_attempt_number = max_attempt_number
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        return retry_state.attempt_number >= self.max_attempt_number
+
+
+class stop_after_delay(stop_base):
+    """Stop when the time from the first attempt >= limit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, max_delay: _utils.time_unit_type) -> None:
+        self.max_delay = _utils.to_seconds(max_delay)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
+        if retry_state.seconds_since_start is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("__call__() called but seconds_since_start is not set")
+        return retry_state.seconds_since_start >= self.max_delay
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/tornadoweb.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/tornadoweb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e19c30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/tornadoweb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Copyright 2017 Elisey Zanko
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import sys
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import BaseRetrying
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoAttempt
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import DoSleep
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+from tornado import gen
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tornado.concurrent import Future
+
+_RetValT = typing.TypeVar("_RetValT")
+
+
+class TornadoRetrying(BaseRetrying):
+    def __init__(self, sleep: "typing.Callable[[float], Future[None]]" = gen.sleep, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.sleep = sleep
+
+    @gen.coroutine  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        fn: "typing.Callable[..., typing.Union[typing.Generator[typing.Any, typing.Any, _RetValT], Future[_RetValT]]]",
+        *args: typing.Any,
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> "typing.Generator[typing.Any, typing.Any, _RetValT]":
+        self.begin()
+
+        retry_state = RetryCallState(retry_object=self, fn=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        while True:
+            do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
+            if isinstance(do, DoAttempt):
+                try:
+                    result = yield fn(*args, **kwargs)
+                except BaseException:  # noqa: B902
+                    retry_state.set_exception(sys.exc_info())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                else:
+                    retry_state.set_result(result)
+            elif isinstance(do, DoSleep):
+                retry_state.prepare_for_next_attempt()
+                yield self.sleep(do)
+            else:
+                raise gen.Return(do)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/wait.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/wait.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9349c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tenacity/wait.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# Copyright 2016–2021 Julien Danjou
+# Copyright 2016 Joshua Harlow
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Ray Holder
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import abc
+import random
+import typing
+
+from pip._vendor.tenacity import _utils
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.tenacity import RetryCallState
+
+
+class wait_base(abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for wait strategies."""
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        pass
+
+    def __add__(self, other: "wait_base") -> "wait_combine":
+        return wait_combine(self, other)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: "wait_base") -> typing.Union["wait_combine", "wait_base"]:
+        # make it possible to use multiple waits with the built-in sum function
+        if other == 0:  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+            return self
+        return self.__add__(other)
+
+
+WaitBaseT = typing.Union[wait_base, typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], typing.Union[float, int]]]
+
+
+class wait_fixed(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that waits a fixed amount of time between each retry."""
+
+    def __init__(self, wait: _utils.time_unit_type) -> None:
+        self.wait_fixed = _utils.to_seconds(wait)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        return self.wait_fixed
+
+
+class wait_none(wait_fixed):
+    """Wait strategy that doesn't wait at all before retrying."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(0)
+
+
+class wait_random(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that waits a random amount of time between min/max."""
+
+    def __init__(self, min: _utils.time_unit_type = 0, max: _utils.time_unit_type = 1) -> None:  # noqa
+        self.wait_random_min = _utils.to_seconds(min)
+        self.wait_random_max = _utils.to_seconds(max)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        return self.wait_random_min + (random.random() * (self.wait_random_max - self.wait_random_min))
+
+
+class wait_combine(wait_base):
+    """Combine several waiting strategies."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *strategies: wait_base) -> None:
+        self.wait_funcs = strategies
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        return sum(x(retry_state=retry_state) for x in self.wait_funcs)
+
+
+class wait_chain(wait_base):
+    """Chain two or more waiting strategies.
+
+    If all strategies are exhausted, the very last strategy is used
+    thereafter.
+
+    For example::
+
+        @retry(wait=wait_chain(*[wait_fixed(1) for i in range(3)] +
+                               [wait_fixed(2) for j in range(5)] +
+                               [wait_fixed(5) for k in range(4)))
+        def wait_chained():
+            print("Wait 1s for 3 attempts, 2s for 5 attempts and 5s
+                   thereafter.")
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *strategies: wait_base) -> None:
+        self.strategies = strategies
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        wait_func_no = min(max(retry_state.attempt_number, 1), len(self.strategies))
+        wait_func = self.strategies[wait_func_no - 1]
+        return wait_func(retry_state=retry_state)
+
+
+class wait_incrementing(wait_base):
+    """Wait an incremental amount of time after each attempt.
+
+    Starting at a starting value and incrementing by a value for each attempt
+    (and restricting the upper limit to some maximum value).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        start: _utils.time_unit_type = 0,
+        increment: _utils.time_unit_type = 100,
+        max: _utils.time_unit_type = _utils.MAX_WAIT,  # noqa
+    ) -> None:
+        self.start = _utils.to_seconds(start)
+        self.increment = _utils.to_seconds(increment)
+        self.max = _utils.to_seconds(max)
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        result = self.start + (self.increment * (retry_state.attempt_number - 1))
+        return max(0, min(result, self.max))
+
+
+class wait_exponential(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that applies exponential backoff.
+
+    It allows for a customized multiplier and an ability to restrict the
+    upper and lower limits to some maximum and minimum value.
+
+    The intervals are fixed (i.e. there is no jitter), so this strategy is
+    suitable for balancing retries against latency when a required resource is
+    unavailable for an unknown duration, but *not* suitable for resolving
+    contention between multiple processes for a shared resource. Use
+    wait_random_exponential for the latter case.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        multiplier: typing.Union[int, float] = 1,
+        max: _utils.time_unit_type = _utils.MAX_WAIT,  # noqa
+        exp_base: typing.Union[int, float] = 2,
+        min: _utils.time_unit_type = 0,  # noqa
+    ) -> None:
+        self.multiplier = multiplier
+        self.min = _utils.to_seconds(min)
+        self.max = _utils.to_seconds(max)
+        self.exp_base = exp_base
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        try:
+            exp = self.exp_base ** (retry_state.attempt_number - 1)
+            result = self.multiplier * exp
+        except OverflowError:
+            return self.max
+        return max(max(0, self.min), min(result, self.max))
+
+
+class wait_random_exponential(wait_exponential):
+    """Random wait with exponentially widening window.
+
+    An exponential backoff strategy used to mediate contention between multiple
+    uncoordinated processes for a shared resource in distributed systems. This
+    is the sense in which "exponential backoff" is meant in e.g. Ethernet
+    networking, and corresponds to the "Full Jitter" algorithm described in
+    this blog post:
+
+    https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/architecture/exponential-backoff-and-jitter/
+
+    Each retry occurs at a random time in a geometrically expanding interval.
+    It allows for a custom multiplier and an ability to restrict the upper
+    limit of the random interval to some maximum value.
+
+    Example::
+
+        wait_random_exponential(multiplier=0.5,  # initial window 0.5s
+                                max=60)          # max 60s timeout
+
+    When waiting for an unavailable resource to become available again, as
+    opposed to trying to resolve contention for a shared resource, the
+    wait_exponential strategy (which uses a fixed interval) may be preferable.
+
+    """
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        high = super().__call__(retry_state=retry_state)
+        return random.uniform(0, high)
+
+
+class wait_exponential_jitter(wait_base):
+    """Wait strategy that applies exponential backoff and jitter.
+
+    It allows for a customized initial wait, maximum wait and jitter.
+
+    This implements the strategy described here:
+    https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/retry-strategy
+
+    The wait time is min(initial * 2**n + random.uniform(0, jitter), maximum)
+    where n is the retry count.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        initial: float = 1,
+        max: float = _utils.MAX_WAIT,  # noqa
+        exp_base: float = 2,
+        jitter: float = 1,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.initial = initial
+        self.max = max
+        self.exp_base = exp_base
+        self.jitter = jitter
+
+    def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> float:
+        jitter = random.uniform(0, self.jitter)
+        try:
+            exp = self.exp_base ** (retry_state.attempt_number - 1)
+            result = self.initial * exp + jitter
+        except OverflowError:
+            result = self.max
+        return max(0, min(result, self.max))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c6ec97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+__all__ = ("loads", "load", "TOMLDecodeError")
+__version__ = "2.0.1"  # DO NOT EDIT THIS LINE MANUALLY. LET bump2version UTILITY DO IT
+
+from ._parser import TOMLDecodeError, load, loads
+
+# Pretend this exception was created here.
+TOMLDecodeError.__module__ = __name__
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__pycache__/_types.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/__pycache__/_types.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1bb0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+import string
+from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, NamedTuple
+
+from ._re import (
+    RE_DATETIME,
+    RE_LOCALTIME,
+    RE_NUMBER,
+    match_to_datetime,
+    match_to_localtime,
+    match_to_number,
+)
+from ._types import Key, ParseFloat, Pos
+
+ASCII_CTRL = frozenset(chr(i) for i in range(32)) | frozenset(chr(127))
+
+# Neither of these sets include quotation mark or backslash. They are
+# currently handled as separate cases in the parser functions.
+ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS = ASCII_CTRL - frozenset("\t")
+ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS = ASCII_CTRL - frozenset("\t\n")
+
+ILLEGAL_LITERAL_STR_CHARS = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_LITERAL_STR_CHARS = ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+
+ILLEGAL_COMMENT_CHARS = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+
+TOML_WS = frozenset(" \t")
+TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE = TOML_WS | frozenset("\n")
+BARE_KEY_CHARS = frozenset(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "-_")
+KEY_INITIAL_CHARS = BARE_KEY_CHARS | frozenset("\"'")
+HEXDIGIT_CHARS = frozenset(string.hexdigits)
+
+BASIC_STR_ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = MappingProxyType(
+    {
+        "\\b": "\u0008",  # backspace
+        "\\t": "\u0009",  # tab
+        "\\n": "\u000A",  # linefeed
+        "\\f": "\u000C",  # form feed
+        "\\r": "\u000D",  # carriage return
+        '\\"': "\u0022",  # quote
+        "\\\\": "\u005C",  # backslash
+    }
+)
+
+
+class TOMLDecodeError(ValueError):
+    """An error raised if a document is not valid TOML."""
+
+
+def load(__fp: BinaryIO, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Parse TOML from a binary file object."""
+    b = __fp.read()
+    try:
+        s = b.decode()
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "File must be opened in binary mode, e.g. use `open('foo.toml', 'rb')`"
+        ) from None
+    return loads(s, parse_float=parse_float)
+
+
+def loads(__s: str, *, parse_float: ParseFloat = float) -> dict[str, Any]:  # noqa: C901
+    """Parse TOML from a string."""
+
+    # The spec allows converting "\r\n" to "\n", even in string
+    # literals. Let's do so to simplify parsing.
+    src = __s.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+    pos = 0
+    out = Output(NestedDict(), Flags())
+    header: Key = ()
+    parse_float = make_safe_parse_float(parse_float)
+
+    # Parse one statement at a time
+    # (typically means one line in TOML source)
+    while True:
+        # 1. Skip line leading whitespace
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+        # 2. Parse rules. Expect one of the following:
+        #    - end of file
+        #    - end of line
+        #    - comment
+        #    - key/value pair
+        #    - append dict to list (and move to its namespace)
+        #    - create dict (and move to its namespace)
+        # Skip trailing whitespace when applicable.
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if char == "\n":
+            pos += 1
+            continue
+        if char in KEY_INITIAL_CHARS:
+            pos = key_value_rule(src, pos, out, header, parse_float)
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        elif char == "[":
+            try:
+                second_char: str | None = src[pos + 1]
+            except IndexError:
+                second_char = None
+            out.flags.finalize_pending()
+            if second_char == "[":
+                pos, header = create_list_rule(src, pos, out)
+            else:
+                pos, header = create_dict_rule(src, pos, out)
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        elif char != "#":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid statement")
+
+        # 3. Skip comment
+        pos = skip_comment(src, pos)
+
+        # 4. Expect end of line or end of file
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            break
+        if char != "\n":
+            raise suffixed_err(
+                src, pos, "Expected newline or end of document after a statement"
+            )
+        pos += 1
+
+    return out.data.dict
+
+
+class Flags:
+    """Flags that map to parsed keys/namespaces."""
+
+    # Marks an immutable namespace (inline array or inline table).
+    FROZEN = 0
+    # Marks a nest that has been explicitly created and can no longer
+    # be opened using the "[table]" syntax.
+    EXPLICIT_NEST = 1
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._flags: dict[str, dict] = {}
+        self._pending_flags: set[tuple[Key, int]] = set()
+
+    def add_pending(self, key: Key, flag: int) -> None:
+        self._pending_flags.add((key, flag))
+
+    def finalize_pending(self) -> None:
+        for key, flag in self._pending_flags:
+            self.set(key, flag, recursive=False)
+        self._pending_flags.clear()
+
+    def unset_all(self, key: Key) -> None:
+        cont = self._flags
+        for k in key[:-1]:
+            if k not in cont:
+                return
+            cont = cont[k]["nested"]
+        cont.pop(key[-1], None)
+
+    def set(self, key: Key, flag: int, *, recursive: bool) -> None:  # noqa: A003
+        cont = self._flags
+        key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+        for k in key_parent:
+            if k not in cont:
+                cont[k] = {"flags": set(), "recursive_flags": set(), "nested": {}}
+            cont = cont[k]["nested"]
+        if key_stem not in cont:
+            cont[key_stem] = {"flags": set(), "recursive_flags": set(), "nested": {}}
+        cont[key_stem]["recursive_flags" if recursive else "flags"].add(flag)
+
+    def is_(self, key: Key, flag: int) -> bool:
+        if not key:
+            return False  # document root has no flags
+        cont = self._flags
+        for k in key[:-1]:
+            if k not in cont:
+                return False
+            inner_cont = cont[k]
+            if flag in inner_cont["recursive_flags"]:
+                return True
+            cont = inner_cont["nested"]
+        key_stem = key[-1]
+        if key_stem in cont:
+            cont = cont[key_stem]
+            return flag in cont["flags"] or flag in cont["recursive_flags"]
+        return False
+
+
+class NestedDict:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # The parsed content of the TOML document
+        self.dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def get_or_create_nest(
+        self,
+        key: Key,
+        *,
+        access_lists: bool = True,
+    ) -> dict:
+        cont: Any = self.dict
+        for k in key:
+            if k not in cont:
+                cont[k] = {}
+            cont = cont[k]
+            if access_lists and isinstance(cont, list):
+                cont = cont[-1]
+            if not isinstance(cont, dict):
+                raise KeyError("There is no nest behind this key")
+        return cont
+
+    def append_nest_to_list(self, key: Key) -> None:
+        cont = self.get_or_create_nest(key[:-1])
+        last_key = key[-1]
+        if last_key in cont:
+            list_ = cont[last_key]
+            if not isinstance(list_, list):
+                raise KeyError("An object other than list found behind this key")
+            list_.append({})
+        else:
+            cont[last_key] = [{}]
+
+
+class Output(NamedTuple):
+    data: NestedDict
+    flags: Flags
+
+
+def skip_chars(src: str, pos: Pos, chars: Iterable[str]) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        while src[pos] in chars:
+            pos += 1
+    except IndexError:
+        pass
+    return pos
+
+
+def skip_until(
+    src: str,
+    pos: Pos,
+    expect: str,
+    *,
+    error_on: frozenset[str],
+    error_on_eof: bool,
+) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        new_pos = src.index(expect, pos)
+    except ValueError:
+        new_pos = len(src)
+        if error_on_eof:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, new_pos, f"Expected {expect!r}") from None
+
+    if not error_on.isdisjoint(src[pos:new_pos]):
+        while src[pos] not in error_on:
+            pos += 1
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Found invalid character {src[pos]!r}")
+    return new_pos
+
+
+def skip_comment(src: str, pos: Pos) -> Pos:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char == "#":
+        return skip_until(
+            src, pos + 1, "\n", error_on=ILLEGAL_COMMENT_CHARS, error_on_eof=False
+        )
+    return pos
+
+
+def skip_comments_and_array_ws(src: str, pos: Pos) -> Pos:
+    while True:
+        pos_before_skip = pos
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE)
+        pos = skip_comment(src, pos)
+        if pos == pos_before_skip:
+            return pos
+
+
+def create_dict_rule(src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos += 1  # Skip "["
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST) or out.flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot declare {key} twice")
+    out.flags.set(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST, recursive=False)
+    try:
+        out.data.get_or_create_nest(key)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+
+    if not src.startswith("]", pos):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected ']' at the end of a table declaration")
+    return pos + 1, key
+
+
+def create_list_rule(src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos += 2  # Skip "[["
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {key}")
+    # Free the namespace now that it points to another empty list item...
+    out.flags.unset_all(key)
+    # ...but this key precisely is still prohibited from table declaration
+    out.flags.set(key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST, recursive=False)
+    try:
+        out.data.append_nest_to_list(key)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+
+    if not src.startswith("]]", pos):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected ']]' at the end of an array declaration")
+    return pos + 2, key
+
+
+def key_value_rule(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, out: Output, header: Key, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> Pos:
+    pos, key, value = parse_key_value_pair(src, pos, parse_float)
+    key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+    abs_key_parent = header + key_parent
+
+    relative_path_cont_keys = (header + key[:i] for i in range(1, len(key)))
+    for cont_key in relative_path_cont_keys:
+        # Check that dotted key syntax does not redefine an existing table
+        if out.flags.is_(cont_key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST):
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot redefine namespace {cont_key}")
+        # Containers in the relative path can't be opened with the table syntax or
+        # dotted key/value syntax in following table sections.
+        out.flags.add_pending(cont_key, Flags.EXPLICIT_NEST)
+
+    if out.flags.is_(abs_key_parent, Flags.FROZEN):
+        raise suffixed_err(
+            src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {abs_key_parent}"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        nest = out.data.get_or_create_nest(abs_key_parent)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+    if key_stem in nest:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value")
+    # Mark inline table and array namespaces recursively immutable
+    if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+        out.flags.set(header + key, Flags.FROZEN, recursive=True)
+    nest[key_stem] = value
+    return pos
+
+
+def parse_key_value_pair(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> tuple[Pos, Key, Any]:
+    pos, key = parse_key(src, pos)
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char != "=":
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Expected '=' after a key in a key/value pair")
+    pos += 1
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    pos, value = parse_value(src, pos, parse_float)
+    return pos, key, value
+
+
+def parse_key(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, Key]:
+    pos, key_part = parse_key_part(src, pos)
+    key: Key = (key_part,)
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            char: str | None = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            char = None
+        if char != ".":
+            return pos, key
+        pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        pos, key_part = parse_key_part(src, pos)
+        key += (key_part,)
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+
+def parse_key_part(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+    if char in BARE_KEY_CHARS:
+        start_pos = pos
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, BARE_KEY_CHARS)
+        return pos, src[start_pos:pos]
+    if char == "'":
+        return parse_literal_str(src, pos)
+    if char == '"':
+        return parse_one_line_basic_str(src, pos)
+    raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid initial character for a key part")
+
+
+def parse_one_line_basic_str(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 1
+    return parse_basic_str(src, pos, multiline=False)
+
+
+def parse_array(src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> tuple[Pos, list]:
+    pos += 1
+    array: list = []
+
+    pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+    if src.startswith("]", pos):
+        return pos + 1, array
+    while True:
+        pos, val = parse_value(src, pos, parse_float)
+        array.append(val)
+        pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+
+        c = src[pos : pos + 1]
+        if c == "]":
+            return pos + 1, array
+        if c != ",":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unclosed array")
+        pos += 1
+
+        pos = skip_comments_and_array_ws(src, pos)
+        if src.startswith("]", pos):
+            return pos + 1, array
+
+
+def parse_inline_table(src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> tuple[Pos, dict]:
+    pos += 1
+    nested_dict = NestedDict()
+    flags = Flags()
+
+    pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+    if src.startswith("}", pos):
+        return pos + 1, nested_dict.dict
+    while True:
+        pos, key, value = parse_key_value_pair(src, pos, parse_float)
+        key_parent, key_stem = key[:-1], key[-1]
+        if flags.is_(key, Flags.FROZEN):
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Cannot mutate immutable namespace {key}")
+        try:
+            nest = nested_dict.get_or_create_nest(key_parent, access_lists=False)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Cannot overwrite a value") from None
+        if key_stem in nest:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Duplicate inline table key {key_stem!r}")
+        nest[key_stem] = value
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+        c = src[pos : pos + 1]
+        if c == "}":
+            return pos + 1, nested_dict.dict
+        if c != ",":
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unclosed inline table")
+        if isinstance(value, (dict, list)):
+            flags.set(key, Flags.FROZEN, recursive=True)
+        pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+
+
+def parse_basic_str_escape(
+    src: str, pos: Pos, *, multiline: bool = False
+) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    escape_id = src[pos : pos + 2]
+    pos += 2
+    if multiline and escape_id in {"\\ ", "\\\t", "\\\n"}:
+        # Skip whitespace until next non-whitespace character or end of
+        # the doc. Error if non-whitespace is found before newline.
+        if escape_id != "\\\n":
+            pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS)
+            try:
+                char = src[pos]
+            except IndexError:
+                return pos, ""
+            if char != "\n":
+                raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unescaped '\\' in a string")
+            pos += 1
+        pos = skip_chars(src, pos, TOML_WS_AND_NEWLINE)
+        return pos, ""
+    if escape_id == "\\u":
+        return parse_hex_char(src, pos, 4)
+    if escape_id == "\\U":
+        return parse_hex_char(src, pos, 8)
+    try:
+        return pos, BASIC_STR_ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[escape_id]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unescaped '\\' in a string") from None
+
+
+def parse_basic_str_escape_multiline(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    return parse_basic_str_escape(src, pos, multiline=True)
+
+
+def parse_hex_char(src: str, pos: Pos, hex_len: int) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    hex_str = src[pos : pos + hex_len]
+    if len(hex_str) != hex_len or not HEXDIGIT_CHARS.issuperset(hex_str):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid hex value")
+    pos += hex_len
+    hex_int = int(hex_str, 16)
+    if not is_unicode_scalar_value(hex_int):
+        raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Escaped character is not a Unicode scalar value")
+    return pos, chr(hex_int)
+
+
+def parse_literal_str(src: str, pos: Pos) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 1  # Skip starting apostrophe
+    start_pos = pos
+    pos = skip_until(
+        src, pos, "'", error_on=ILLEGAL_LITERAL_STR_CHARS, error_on_eof=True
+    )
+    return pos + 1, src[start_pos:pos]  # Skip ending apostrophe
+
+
+def parse_multiline_str(src: str, pos: Pos, *, literal: bool) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    pos += 3
+    if src.startswith("\n", pos):
+        pos += 1
+
+    if literal:
+        delim = "'"
+        end_pos = skip_until(
+            src,
+            pos,
+            "'''",
+            error_on=ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_LITERAL_STR_CHARS,
+            error_on_eof=True,
+        )
+        result = src[pos:end_pos]
+        pos = end_pos + 3
+    else:
+        delim = '"'
+        pos, result = parse_basic_str(src, pos, multiline=True)
+
+    # Add at maximum two extra apostrophes/quotes if the end sequence
+    # is 4 or 5 chars long instead of just 3.
+    if not src.startswith(delim, pos):
+        return pos, result
+    pos += 1
+    if not src.startswith(delim, pos):
+        return pos, result + delim
+    pos += 1
+    return pos, result + (delim * 2)
+
+
+def parse_basic_str(src: str, pos: Pos, *, multiline: bool) -> tuple[Pos, str]:
+    if multiline:
+        error_on = ILLEGAL_MULTILINE_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+        parse_escapes = parse_basic_str_escape_multiline
+    else:
+        error_on = ILLEGAL_BASIC_STR_CHARS
+        parse_escapes = parse_basic_str_escape
+    result = ""
+    start_pos = pos
+    while True:
+        try:
+            char = src[pos]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Unterminated string") from None
+        if char == '"':
+            if not multiline:
+                return pos + 1, result + src[start_pos:pos]
+            if src.startswith('"""', pos):
+                return pos + 3, result + src[start_pos:pos]
+            pos += 1
+            continue
+        if char == "\\":
+            result += src[start_pos:pos]
+            pos, parsed_escape = parse_escapes(src, pos)
+            result += parsed_escape
+            start_pos = pos
+            continue
+        if char in error_on:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, f"Illegal character {char!r}")
+        pos += 1
+
+
+def parse_value(  # noqa: C901
+    src: str, pos: Pos, parse_float: ParseFloat
+) -> tuple[Pos, Any]:
+    try:
+        char: str | None = src[pos]
+    except IndexError:
+        char = None
+
+    # IMPORTANT: order conditions based on speed of checking and likelihood
+
+    # Basic strings
+    if char == '"':
+        if src.startswith('"""', pos):
+            return parse_multiline_str(src, pos, literal=False)
+        return parse_one_line_basic_str(src, pos)
+
+    # Literal strings
+    if char == "'":
+        if src.startswith("'''", pos):
+            return parse_multiline_str(src, pos, literal=True)
+        return parse_literal_str(src, pos)
+
+    # Booleans
+    if char == "t":
+        if src.startswith("true", pos):
+            return pos + 4, True
+    if char == "f":
+        if src.startswith("false", pos):
+            return pos + 5, False
+
+    # Arrays
+    if char == "[":
+        return parse_array(src, pos, parse_float)
+
+    # Inline tables
+    if char == "{":
+        return parse_inline_table(src, pos, parse_float)
+
+    # Dates and times
+    datetime_match = RE_DATETIME.match(src, pos)
+    if datetime_match:
+        try:
+            datetime_obj = match_to_datetime(datetime_match)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid date or datetime") from e
+        return datetime_match.end(), datetime_obj
+    localtime_match = RE_LOCALTIME.match(src, pos)
+    if localtime_match:
+        return localtime_match.end(), match_to_localtime(localtime_match)
+
+    # Integers and "normal" floats.
+    # The regex will greedily match any type starting with a decimal
+    # char, so needs to be located after handling of dates and times.
+    number_match = RE_NUMBER.match(src, pos)
+    if number_match:
+        return number_match.end(), match_to_number(number_match, parse_float)
+
+    # Special floats
+    first_three = src[pos : pos + 3]
+    if first_three in {"inf", "nan"}:
+        return pos + 3, parse_float(first_three)
+    first_four = src[pos : pos + 4]
+    if first_four in {"-inf", "+inf", "-nan", "+nan"}:
+        return pos + 4, parse_float(first_four)
+
+    raise suffixed_err(src, pos, "Invalid value")
+
+
+def suffixed_err(src: str, pos: Pos, msg: str) -> TOMLDecodeError:
+    """Return a `TOMLDecodeError` where error message is suffixed with
+    coordinates in source."""
+
+    def coord_repr(src: str, pos: Pos) -> str:
+        if pos >= len(src):
+            return "end of document"
+        line = src.count("\n", 0, pos) + 1
+        if line == 1:
+            column = pos + 1
+        else:
+            column = pos - src.rindex("\n", 0, pos)
+        return f"line {line}, column {column}"
+
+    return TOMLDecodeError(f"{msg} (at {coord_repr(src, pos)})")
+
+
+def is_unicode_scalar_value(codepoint: int) -> bool:
+    return (0 <= codepoint <= 55295) or (57344 <= codepoint <= 1114111)
+
+
+def make_safe_parse_float(parse_float: ParseFloat) -> ParseFloat:
+    """A decorator to make `parse_float` safe.
+
+    `parse_float` must not return dicts or lists, because these types
+    would be mixed with parsed TOML tables and arrays, thus confusing
+    the parser. The returned decorated callable raises `ValueError`
+    instead of returning illegal types.
+    """
+    # The default `float` callable never returns illegal types. Optimize it.
+    if parse_float is float:  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
+        return float
+
+    def safe_parse_float(float_str: str) -> Any:
+        float_value = parse_float(float_str)
+        if isinstance(float_value, (dict, list)):
+            raise ValueError("parse_float must not return dicts or lists")
+        return float_value
+
+    return safe_parse_float
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..994bb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_re.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone, tzinfo
+from functools import lru_cache
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from ._types import ParseFloat
+
+# E.g.
+# - 00:32:00.999999
+# - 00:32:00
+_TIME_RE_STR = r"([01][0-9]|2[0-3]):([0-5][0-9]):([0-5][0-9])(?:\.([0-9]{1,6})[0-9]*)?"
+
+RE_NUMBER = re.compile(
+    r"""
+0
+(?:
+    x[0-9A-Fa-f](?:_?[0-9A-Fa-f])*   # hex
+    |
+    b[01](?:_?[01])*                 # bin
+    |
+    o[0-7](?:_?[0-7])*               # oct
+)
+|
+[+-]?(?:0|[1-9](?:_?[0-9])*)         # dec, integer part
+(?P<floatpart>
+    (?:\.[0-9](?:_?[0-9])*)?         # optional fractional part
+    (?:[eE][+-]?[0-9](?:_?[0-9])*)?  # optional exponent part
+)
+""",
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+RE_LOCALTIME = re.compile(_TIME_RE_STR)
+RE_DATETIME = re.compile(
+    rf"""
+([0-9]{{4}})-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])  # date, e.g. 1988-10-27
+(?:
+    [Tt ]
+    {_TIME_RE_STR}
+    (?:([Zz])|([+-])([01][0-9]|2[0-3]):([0-5][0-9]))?  # optional time offset
+)?
+""",
+    flags=re.VERBOSE,
+)
+
+
+def match_to_datetime(match: re.Match) -> datetime | date:
+    """Convert a `RE_DATETIME` match to `datetime.datetime` or `datetime.date`.
+
+    Raises ValueError if the match does not correspond to a valid date
+    or datetime.
+    """
+    (
+        year_str,
+        month_str,
+        day_str,
+        hour_str,
+        minute_str,
+        sec_str,
+        micros_str,
+        zulu_time,
+        offset_sign_str,
+        offset_hour_str,
+        offset_minute_str,
+    ) = match.groups()
+    year, month, day = int(year_str), int(month_str), int(day_str)
+    if hour_str is None:
+        return date(year, month, day)
+    hour, minute, sec = int(hour_str), int(minute_str), int(sec_str)
+    micros = int(micros_str.ljust(6, "0")) if micros_str else 0
+    if offset_sign_str:
+        tz: tzinfo | None = cached_tz(
+            offset_hour_str, offset_minute_str, offset_sign_str
+        )
+    elif zulu_time:
+        tz = timezone.utc
+    else:  # local date-time
+        tz = None
+    return datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec, micros, tzinfo=tz)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def cached_tz(hour_str: str, minute_str: str, sign_str: str) -> timezone:
+    sign = 1 if sign_str == "+" else -1
+    return timezone(
+        timedelta(
+            hours=sign * int(hour_str),
+            minutes=sign * int(minute_str),
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def match_to_localtime(match: re.Match) -> time:
+    hour_str, minute_str, sec_str, micros_str = match.groups()
+    micros = int(micros_str.ljust(6, "0")) if micros_str else 0
+    return time(int(hour_str), int(minute_str), int(sec_str), micros)
+
+
+def match_to_number(match: re.Match, parse_float: ParseFloat) -> Any:
+    if match.group("floatpart"):
+        return parse_float(match.group())
+    return int(match.group(), 0)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d949412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/tomli/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Taneli Hukkinen
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Tuple
+
+# Type annotations
+ParseFloat = Callable[[str], Any]
+Key = Tuple[str, ...]
+Pos = int
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59930f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+"""Verify certificates using native system trust stores"""
+
+import sys as _sys
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    raise ImportError("truststore requires Python 3.10 or later")
+
+from ._api import SSLContext, extract_from_ssl, inject_into_ssl  # noqa: E402
+
+del _api, _sys  # type: ignore[name-defined] # noqa: F821
+
+__all__ = ["SSLContext", "inject_into_ssl", "extract_from_ssl"]
+__version__ = "0.8.0"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..829aff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+import os
+import platform
+import socket
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+import _ssl  # type: ignore[import]
+
+from ._ssl_constants import (
+    _original_SSLContext,
+    _original_super_SSLContext,
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class,
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class,
+)
+
+if platform.system() == "Windows":
+    from ._windows import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+elif platform.system() == "Darwin":
+    from ._macos import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+else:
+    from ._openssl import _configure_context, _verify_peercerts_impl
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Buffer
+
+# From typeshed/stdlib/ssl.pyi
+_StrOrBytesPath: typing.TypeAlias = str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes]
+_PasswordType: typing.TypeAlias = str | bytes | typing.Callable[[], str | bytes]
+
+
+def inject_into_ssl() -> None:
+    """Injects the :class:`truststore.SSLContext` into the ``ssl``
+    module by replacing :class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
+    """
+    setattr(ssl, "SSLContext", SSLContext)
+    # urllib3 holds on to its own reference of ssl.SSLContext
+    # so we need to replace that reference too.
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ as urllib3_ssl
+
+        setattr(urllib3_ssl, "SSLContext", SSLContext)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+def extract_from_ssl() -> None:
+    """Restores the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class to its original state"""
+    setattr(ssl, "SSLContext", _original_SSLContext)
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.util.ssl_ as urllib3_ssl
+
+        urllib3_ssl.SSLContext = _original_SSLContext
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+class SSLContext(_truststore_SSLContext_super_class):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    """SSLContext API that uses system certificates on all platforms"""
+
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def __class__(self) -> type:
+        # Dirty hack to get around isinstance() checks
+        # for ssl.SSLContext instances in aiohttp/trustme
+        # when using non-CPython implementations.
+        return _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class or SSLContext
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol: int = None) -> None:  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self._ctx = _original_SSLContext(protocol)
+
+        class TruststoreSSLObject(ssl.SSLObject):
+            # This object exists because wrap_bio() doesn't
+            # immediately do the handshake so we need to do
+            # certificate verifications after SSLObject.do_handshake()
+
+            def do_handshake(self) -> None:
+                ret = super().do_handshake()
+                _verify_peercerts(self, server_hostname=self.server_hostname)
+                return ret
+
+        self._ctx.sslobject_class = TruststoreSSLObject
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        server_side: bool = False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect: bool = True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        session: ssl.SSLSession | None = None,
+    ) -> ssl.SSLSocket:
+        # Use a context manager here because the
+        # inner SSLContext holds on to our state
+        # but also does the actual handshake.
+        with _configure_context(self._ctx):
+            ssl_sock = self._ctx.wrap_socket(
+                sock,
+                server_side=server_side,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
+                suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
+                session=session,
+            )
+        try:
+            _verify_peercerts(ssl_sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+        except Exception:
+            ssl_sock.close()
+            raise
+        return ssl_sock
+
+    def wrap_bio(
+        self,
+        incoming: ssl.MemoryBIO,
+        outgoing: ssl.MemoryBIO,
+        server_side: bool = False,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+        session: ssl.SSLSession | None = None,
+    ) -> ssl.SSLObject:
+        with _configure_context(self._ctx):
+            ssl_obj = self._ctx.wrap_bio(
+                incoming,
+                outgoing,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                server_side=server_side,
+                session=session,
+            )
+        return ssl_obj
+
+    def load_verify_locations(
+        self,
+        cafile: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] | None = None,
+        capath: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] | None = None,
+        cadata: typing.Union[str, "Buffer", None] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_verify_locations(
+            cafile=cafile, capath=capath, cadata=cadata
+        )
+
+    def load_cert_chain(
+        self,
+        certfile: _StrOrBytesPath,
+        keyfile: _StrOrBytesPath | None = None,
+        password: _PasswordType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_cert_chain(
+            certfile=certfile, keyfile=keyfile, password=password
+        )
+
+    def load_default_certs(
+        self, purpose: ssl.Purpose = ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH
+    ) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.load_default_certs(purpose)
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, alpn_protocols: typing.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+    def set_npn_protocols(self, npn_protocols: typing.Iterable[str]) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_npn_protocols(npn_protocols)
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, __cipherlist: str) -> None:
+        return self._ctx.set_ciphers(__cipherlist)
+
+    def get_ciphers(self) -> typing.Any:
+        return self._ctx.get_ciphers()
+
+    def session_stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        return self._ctx.session_stats()
+
+    def cert_store_stats(self) -> dict[str, int]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(
+        self, binary_form: typing.Literal[False] = ...
+    ) -> list[typing.Any]:
+        ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: typing.Literal[True] = ...) -> list[bytes]:
+        ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: bool = ...) -> typing.Any:
+        ...
+
+    def get_ca_certs(self, binary_form: bool = False) -> list[typing.Any] | list[bytes]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @property
+    def check_hostname(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.check_hostname
+
+    @check_hostname.setter
+    def check_hostname(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.check_hostname = value
+
+    @property
+    def hostname_checks_common_name(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.hostname_checks_common_name
+
+    @hostname_checks_common_name.setter
+    def hostname_checks_common_name(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.hostname_checks_common_name = value
+
+    @property
+    def keylog_filename(self) -> str:
+        return self._ctx.keylog_filename
+
+    @keylog_filename.setter
+    def keylog_filename(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._ctx.keylog_filename = value
+
+    @property
+    def maximum_version(self) -> ssl.TLSVersion:
+        return self._ctx.maximum_version
+
+    @maximum_version.setter
+    def maximum_version(self, value: ssl.TLSVersion) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.maximum_version.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def minimum_version(self) -> ssl.TLSVersion:
+        return self._ctx.minimum_version
+
+    @minimum_version.setter
+    def minimum_version(self, value: ssl.TLSVersion) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.minimum_version.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def options(self) -> ssl.Options:
+        return self._ctx.options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value: ssl.Options) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.options.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def post_handshake_auth(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ctx.post_handshake_auth
+
+    @post_handshake_auth.setter
+    def post_handshake_auth(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        self._ctx.post_handshake_auth = value
+
+    @property
+    def protocol(self) -> ssl._SSLMethod:
+        return self._ctx.protocol
+
+    @property
+    def security_level(self) -> int:
+        return self._ctx.security_level
+
+    @property
+    def verify_flags(self) -> ssl.VerifyFlags:
+        return self._ctx.verify_flags
+
+    @verify_flags.setter
+    def verify_flags(self, value: ssl.VerifyFlags) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.verify_flags.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self) -> ssl.VerifyMode:
+        return self._ctx.verify_mode
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value: ssl.VerifyMode) -> None:
+        _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            self._ctx, value
+        )
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts(
+    sock_or_sslobj: ssl.SSLSocket | ssl.SSLObject, server_hostname: str | None
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Verifies the peer certificates from an SSLSocket or SSLObject
+    against the certificates in the OS trust store.
+    """
+    sslobj: ssl.SSLObject = sock_or_sslobj  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    try:
+        while not hasattr(sslobj, "get_unverified_chain"):
+            sslobj = sslobj._sslobj  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    # SSLObject.get_unverified_chain() returns 'None'
+    # if the peer sends no certificates. This is common
+    # for the server-side scenario.
+    unverified_chain: typing.Sequence[_ssl.Certificate] = (
+        sslobj.get_unverified_chain() or ()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    )
+    cert_bytes = [cert.public_bytes(_ssl.ENCODING_DER) for cert in unverified_chain]
+    _verify_peercerts_impl(
+        sock_or_sslobj.context, cert_bytes, server_hostname=server_hostname
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc440b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_macos.py
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import platform
+import ssl
+import typing
+from ctypes import (
+    CDLL,
+    POINTER,
+    c_bool,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_long,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from ._ssl_constants import _set_ssl_context_verify_mode
+
+_mac_version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+_mac_version_info = tuple(map(int, _mac_version.split(".")))
+if _mac_version_info < (10, 8):
+    raise ImportError(
+        f"Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not {_mac_version_info[0]}.{_mac_version_info[1]}"
+    )
+
+
+def _load_cdll(name: str, macos10_16_path: str) -> CDLL:
+    """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
+    try:
+        # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
+        # beta being labeled as 10.16.
+        path: str | None
+        if _mac_version_info >= (10, 16):
+            path = macos10_16_path
+        else:
+            path = find_library(name)
+        if not path:
+            raise OSError  # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
+        return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
+    except OSError:
+        raise ImportError(f"The library {name} failed to load") from None
+
+
+Security = _load_cdll(
+    "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+)
+CoreFoundation = _load_cdll(
+    "CoreFoundation",
+    "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
+)
+
+Boolean = c_bool
+CFIndex = c_long
+CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
+CFData = c_void_p
+CFString = c_void_p
+CFArray = c_void_p
+CFMutableArray = c_void_p
+CFError = c_void_p
+CFType = c_void_p
+CFTypeID = c_ulong
+CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
+CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
+
+OSStatus = c_int32
+
+CFErrorRef = POINTER(CFError)
+CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
+CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
+CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
+CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
+CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFOptionFlags = c_uint32
+
+SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecPolicyRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
+SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
+
+try:
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation.argtypes = [CFOptionFlags]
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation.restype = SecPolicyRef
+
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL.argtypes = [Boolean, CFStringRef]
+    Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL.restype = SecPolicyRef
+
+    Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.argtypes = [
+        CFTypeRef,
+        CFTypeRef,
+        POINTER(SecTrustRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.argtypes = [
+        SecTrustRef,
+        POINTER(SecTrustResultType),
+    ]
+    Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    Security.OSStatus = OSStatus  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod = 3
+    kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse = 8
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
+        CFStringRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode.argtypes = [CFErrorRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription.argtypes = [CFErrorRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
+    )
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    CoreFoundation.CFErrorRef = CFErrorRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+except AttributeError:
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes") from None
+
+
+def _handle_osstatus(result: OSStatus, _: typing.Any, args: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+    """
+    Raises an error if the OSStatus value is non-zero.
+    """
+    if int(result) == 0:
+        return args
+
+    # Returns a CFString which we need to transform
+    # into a UTF-8 Python string.
+    error_message_cfstring = None
+    try:
+        error_message_cfstring = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(result, None)
+
+        # First step is convert the CFString into a C string pointer.
+        # We try the fast no-copy way first.
+        error_message_cfstring_c_void_p = ctypes.cast(
+            error_message_cfstring, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)
+        )
+        message = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+            error_message_cfstring_c_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+
+        # Quoting the Apple dev docs:
+        #
+        # "A pointer to a C string or NULL if the internal
+        # storage of theString does not allow this to be
+        # returned efficiently."
+        #
+        # So we need to get our hands dirty.
+        if message is None:
+            buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+            result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+                error_message_cfstring_c_void_p,
+                buffer,
+                1024,
+                CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+            )
+            if not result:
+                raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+            message = buffer.value
+
+    finally:
+        if error_message_cfstring is not None:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(error_message_cfstring)
+
+    # If no message can be found for this status we come
+    # up with a generic one that forwards the status code.
+    if message is None or message == "":
+        message = f"SecureTransport operation returned a non-zero OSStatus: {result}"
+
+    raise ssl.SSLError(message)
+
+
+Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult.errcheck = _handle_osstatus  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+class CFConst:
+    """CoreFoundation constants"""
+
+    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
+
+    errSecIncompleteCertRevocationCheck = -67635
+    errSecHostNameMismatch = -67602
+    errSecCertificateExpired = -67818
+    errSecNotTrusted = -67843
+
+
+def _bytes_to_cf_data_ref(value: bytes) -> CFDataRef:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, value, len(value)
+    )
+
+
+def _bytes_to_cf_string(value: bytes) -> CFString:
+    """
+    Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
+    The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(value)
+    cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        c_str,
+        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+    )
+    return cf_str  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _cf_string_ref_to_str(cf_string_ref: CFStringRef) -> str | None:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    """
+    Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
+    reporting.
+    Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
+    """
+
+    string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+        cf_string_ref, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+    )
+    if string is None:
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+        result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+            cf_string_ref, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+        string = buffer.value
+    if string is not None:
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
+    return string  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+def _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(certs: list[bytes]) -> CFMutableArrayRef:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    """Builds a CFArray of SecCertificateRefs from a list of DER-encoded certificates.
+    Responsibility of the caller to call CoreFoundation.CFRelease on the CFArray.
+    """
+    cf_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        0,
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+    )
+    if not cf_array:
+        raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+
+    for cert_data in certs:
+        cf_data = None
+        sec_cert_ref = None
+        try:
+            cf_data = _bytes_to_cf_data_ref(cert_data)
+            sec_cert_ref = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, cf_data
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_array, sec_cert_ref)
+        finally:
+            if cf_data:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_data)
+            if sec_cert_ref:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(sec_cert_ref)
+
+    return cf_array  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    check_hostname = ctx.check_hostname
+    verify_mode = ctx.verify_mode
+    ctx.check_hostname = False
+    _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+        _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, verify_mode)
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    certs = None
+    policies = None
+    trust = None
+    cf_error = None
+    try:
+        if server_hostname is not None:
+            cf_str_hostname = None
+            try:
+                cf_str_hostname = _bytes_to_cf_string(server_hostname.encode("ascii"))
+                ssl_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL(True, cf_str_hostname)
+            finally:
+                if cf_str_hostname:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str_hostname)
+        else:
+            ssl_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateSSL(True, None)
+
+        policies = ssl_policy
+        if ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN:
+            # Add explicit policy requiring positive revocation checks
+            policies = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                0,
+                ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(policies, ssl_policy)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(ssl_policy)
+            revocation_policy = Security.SecPolicyCreateRevocation(
+                kSecRevocationUseAnyAvailableMethod
+                | kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(policies, revocation_policy)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(revocation_policy)
+        elif ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF:
+            raise NotImplementedError("VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF not implemented for macOS")
+
+        certs = None
+        try:
+            certs = _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(cert_chain)
+
+            # Now that we have certificates loaded and a SecPolicy
+            # we can finally create a SecTrust object!
+            trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+            Security.SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(
+                certs, policies, ctypes.byref(trust)
+            )
+
+        finally:
+            # The certs are now being held by SecTrust so we can
+            # release our handles for the array.
+            if certs:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certs)
+
+        # If there are additional trust anchors to load we need to transform
+        # the list of DER-encoded certificates into a CFArray. Otherwise
+        # pass 'None' to signal that we only want system / fetched certificates.
+        ctx_ca_certs_der: list[bytes] | None = ssl_context.get_ca_certs(
+            binary_form=True
+        )
+        if ctx_ca_certs_der:
+            ctx_ca_certs = None
+            try:
+                ctx_ca_certs = _der_certs_to_cf_cert_array(cert_chain)
+                Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, ctx_ca_certs)
+            finally:
+                if ctx_ca_certs:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(ctx_ca_certs)
+        else:
+            Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, None)
+
+        cf_error = CoreFoundation.CFErrorRef()
+        sec_trust_eval_result = Security.SecTrustEvaluateWithError(
+            trust, ctypes.byref(cf_error)
+        )
+        # sec_trust_eval_result is a bool (0 or 1)
+        # where 1 means that the certs are trusted.
+        if sec_trust_eval_result == 1:
+            is_trusted = True
+        elif sec_trust_eval_result == 0:
+            is_trusted = False
+        else:
+            raise ssl.SSLError(
+                f"Unknown result from Security.SecTrustEvaluateWithError: {sec_trust_eval_result!r}"
+            )
+
+        cf_error_code = 0
+        if not is_trusted:
+            cf_error_code = CoreFoundation.CFErrorGetCode(cf_error)
+
+            # If the error is a known failure that we're
+            # explicitly okay with from SSLContext configuration
+            # we can set is_trusted accordingly.
+            if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_REQUIRED and (
+                cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecNotTrusted
+                or cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecCertificateExpired
+            ):
+                is_trusted = True
+            elif (
+                not ssl_context.check_hostname
+                and cf_error_code == CFConst.errSecHostNameMismatch
+            ):
+                is_trusted = True
+
+        # If we're still not trusted then we start to
+        # construct and raise the SSLCertVerificationError.
+        if not is_trusted:
+            cf_error_string_ref = None
+            try:
+                cf_error_string_ref = CoreFoundation.CFErrorCopyDescription(cf_error)
+
+                # Can this ever return 'None' if there's a CFError?
+                cf_error_message = (
+                    _cf_string_ref_to_str(cf_error_string_ref)
+                    or "Certificate verification failed"
+                )
+
+                # TODO: Not sure if we need the SecTrustResultType for anything?
+                # We only care whether or not it's a success or failure for now.
+                sec_trust_result_type = Security.SecTrustResultType()
+                Security.SecTrustGetTrustResult(
+                    trust, ctypes.byref(sec_trust_result_type)
+                )
+
+                err = ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(cf_error_message)
+                err.verify_message = cf_error_message
+                err.verify_code = cf_error_code
+                raise err
+            finally:
+                if cf_error_string_ref:
+                    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string_ref)
+
+    finally:
+        if policies:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(policies)
+        if trust:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9951cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_openssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+import re
+import ssl
+import typing
+
+# candidates based on https://github.com/tiran/certifi-system-store by Christian Heimes
+_CA_FILE_CANDIDATES = [
+    # Alpine, Arch, Fedora 34+, OpenWRT, RHEL 9+, BSD
+    "/etc/ssl/cert.pem",
+    # Fedora <= 34, RHEL <= 9, CentOS <= 9
+    "/etc/pki/tls/cert.pem",
+    # Debian, Ubuntu (requires ca-certificates)
+    "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt",
+    # SUSE
+    "/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem",
+]
+
+_HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\.[0-9]$")
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    # First, check whether the default locations from OpenSSL
+    # seem like they will give us a usable set of CA certs.
+    # ssl.get_default_verify_paths already takes care of:
+    # - getting cafile from either the SSL_CERT_FILE env var
+    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
+    #   and verifying that that path exists
+    # - getting capath from either the SSL_CERT_DIR env var
+    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
+    #   and verifying that that path exists
+    # In addition we'll check whether capath appears to contain certs.
+    defaults = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
+    if defaults.cafile or (defaults.capath and _capath_contains_certs(defaults.capath)):
+        ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
+    else:
+        # cafile from OpenSSL doesn't exist
+        # and capath from OpenSSL doesn't contain certs.
+        # Let's search other common locations instead.
+        for cafile in _CA_FILE_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.path.isfile(cafile):
+                ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cafile)
+                break
+
+    yield
+
+
+def _capath_contains_certs(capath: str) -> bool:
+    """Check whether capath exists and contains certs in the expected format."""
+    if not os.path.isdir(capath):
+        return False
+    for name in os.listdir(capath):
+        if _HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE.match(name):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    # This is a no-op because we've enabled SSLContext's built-in
+    # verification via verify_mode=CERT_REQUIRED, and don't need to repeat it.
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1ee7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_ssl_constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+
+# Hold on to the original class so we can create it consistently
+# even if we inject our own SSLContext into the ssl module.
+_original_SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
+_original_super_SSLContext = super(_original_SSLContext, _original_SSLContext)
+
+# CPython is known to be good, but non-CPython implementations
+# may implement SSLContext differently so to be safe we don't
+# subclass the SSLContext.
+
+# This is returned by truststore.SSLContext.__class__()
+_truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class: typing.Optional[type]
+
+# This value is the superclass of truststore.SSLContext.
+_truststore_SSLContext_super_class: type
+
+if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = _original_SSLContext
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = None
+else:
+    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = object
+    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = _original_SSLContext
+
+
+def _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext, verify_mode: ssl.VerifyMode
+) -> None:
+    _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(ssl_context, verify_mode)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3de4960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/truststore/_windows.py
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+import contextlib
+import ssl
+import typing
+from ctypes import WinDLL  # type: ignore
+from ctypes import WinError  # type: ignore
+from ctypes import (
+    POINTER,
+    Structure,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+    c_wchar_p,
+    cast,
+    create_unicode_buffer,
+    pointer,
+    sizeof,
+)
+from ctypes.wintypes import (
+    BOOL,
+    DWORD,
+    HANDLE,
+    LONG,
+    LPCSTR,
+    LPCVOID,
+    LPCWSTR,
+    LPFILETIME,
+    LPSTR,
+    LPWSTR,
+)
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from ._ssl_constants import _set_ssl_context_verify_mode
+
+HCERTCHAINENGINE = HANDLE
+HCERTSTORE = HANDLE
+HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY = HANDLE
+
+
+class CERT_CONTEXT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwCertEncodingType", DWORD),
+        ("pbCertEncoded", c_void_p),
+        ("cbCertEncoded", DWORD),
+        ("pCertInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("hCertStore", HCERTSTORE),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CONTEXT = POINTER(CERT_CONTEXT)
+PCCERT_CONTEXT = POINTER(PCERT_CONTEXT)
+
+
+class CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cUsageIdentifier", DWORD),
+        ("rgpszUsageIdentifier", POINTER(LPSTR)),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE = POINTER(CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE)
+
+
+class CERT_USAGE_MATCH(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwType", DWORD),
+        ("Usage", CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("RequestedUsage", CERT_USAGE_MATCH),
+        ("RequestedIssuancePolicy", CERT_USAGE_MATCH),
+        ("dwUrlRetrievalTimeout", DWORD),
+        ("fCheckRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+        ("pftCacheResync", LPFILETIME),
+        ("pStrongSignPara", c_void_p),
+        ("dwStrongSignFlags", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA = pointer[CERT_CHAIN_PARA]  # type: ignore[misc]
+else:
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_PARA)
+
+
+class CERT_TRUST_STATUS(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("dwErrorStatus", DWORD),
+        ("dwInfoStatus", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("pCertContext", PCERT_CONTEXT),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("pRevocationInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("pIssuanceUsage", PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+        ("pApplicationUsage", PCERT_ENHKEY_USAGE),
+        ("pwszExtendedErrorInfo", LPCWSTR),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT)
+
+
+class CERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("cElement", DWORD),
+        ("rgpElement", POINTER(PCERT_CHAIN_ELEMENT)),
+        ("pTrustListInfo", c_void_p),
+        ("fHasRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN = POINTER(CERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("TrustStatus", CERT_TRUST_STATUS),
+        ("cChain", DWORD),
+        ("rgpChain", POINTER(PCERT_SIMPLE_CHAIN)),
+        ("cLowerQualityChainContext", DWORD),
+        ("rgpLowerQualityChainContext", c_void_p),
+        ("fHasRevocationFreshnessTime", BOOL),
+        ("dwRevocationFreshnessTime", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT)
+PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT = POINTER(PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT)
+
+
+class SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwAuthType", DWORD),
+        ("fdwChecks", DWORD),
+        ("pwszServerName", LPCWSTR),
+    )
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+        ("pvExtraPolicyPara", c_void_p),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("dwError", DWORD),
+        ("lChainIndex", LONG),
+        ("lElementIndex", LONG),
+        ("pvExtraPolicyStatus", c_void_p),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS)
+
+
+class CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG(Structure):
+    _fields_ = (
+        ("cbSize", DWORD),
+        ("hRestrictedRoot", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hRestrictedTrust", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hRestrictedOther", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("cAdditionalStore", DWORD),
+        ("rghAdditionalStore", c_void_p),
+        ("dwFlags", DWORD),
+        ("dwUrlRetrievalTimeout", DWORD),
+        ("MaximumCachedCertificates", DWORD),
+        ("CycleDetectionModulus", DWORD),
+        ("hExclusiveRoot", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("hExclusiveTrustedPeople", HCERTSTORE),
+        ("dwExclusiveFlags", DWORD),
+    )
+
+
+PCERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG = POINTER(CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG)
+PHCERTCHAINENGINE = POINTER(HCERTCHAINENGINE)
+
+X509_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00000001
+PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING = 0x00010000
+CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY = b"Memory"
+CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING = 2
+USAGE_MATCH_TYPE_OR = 1
+OID_PKIX_KP_SERVER_AUTH = c_char_p(b"1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1")
+CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT = 0x10000000
+CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN = 0x20000000
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_NOT_TIME_VALID_FLAGS = 0x00000007
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_FLAG = 0x00000008
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_CA_FLAG = 0x00000010
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG = 0x00000040
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_WRONG_USAGE_FLAG = 0x00000020
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_POLICY_FLAG = 0x00000080
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_REV_UNKNOWN_FLAGS = 0x00000F00
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_TESTROOT_FLAG = 0x00008000
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_TRUST_TESTROOT_FLAG = 0x00004000
+AUTHTYPE_SERVER = 2
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL = 4
+FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000
+FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS = 0x00000200
+
+# Flags to set for SSLContext.verify_mode=CERT_NONE
+CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_VERIFY_MODE_NONE_FLAGS = (
+    CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_NOT_TIME_VALID_FLAGS
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_CA_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_WRONG_USAGE_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_POLICY_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_ALL_REV_UNKNOWN_FLAGS
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_ALLOW_TESTROOT_FLAG
+    | CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_TRUST_TESTROOT_FLAG
+)
+
+wincrypt = WinDLL("crypt32.dll")
+kernel32 = WinDLL("kernel32.dll")
+
+
+def _handle_win_error(result: bool, _: Any, args: Any) -> Any:
+    if not result:
+        # Note, actually raises OSError after calling GetLastError and FormatMessage
+        raise WinError()
+    return args
+
+
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine = wincrypt.CertCreateCertificateChainEngine
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine.argtypes = (
+    PCERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG,
+    PHCERTCHAINENGINE,
+)
+CertCreateCertificateChainEngine.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertOpenStore = wincrypt.CertOpenStore
+CertOpenStore.argtypes = (LPCSTR, DWORD, HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY, DWORD, c_void_p)
+CertOpenStore.restype = HCERTSTORE
+CertOpenStore.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore = wincrypt.CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.argtypes = (
+    HCERTSTORE,
+    DWORD,
+    c_char_p,
+    DWORD,
+    DWORD,
+    PCCERT_CONTEXT,
+)
+CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.restype = BOOL
+
+CertCreateCertificateContext = wincrypt.CertCreateCertificateContext
+CertCreateCertificateContext.argtypes = (DWORD, c_char_p, DWORD)
+CertCreateCertificateContext.restype = PCERT_CONTEXT
+CertCreateCertificateContext.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertGetCertificateChain = wincrypt.CertGetCertificateChain
+CertGetCertificateChain.argtypes = (
+    HCERTCHAINENGINE,
+    PCERT_CONTEXT,
+    LPFILETIME,
+    HCERTSTORE,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,
+    DWORD,
+    c_void_p,
+    PCCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,
+)
+CertGetCertificateChain.restype = BOOL
+CertGetCertificateChain.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy = wincrypt.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy.argtypes = (
+    c_ulong,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA,
+    PCERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS,
+)
+CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy.restype = BOOL
+
+CertCloseStore = wincrypt.CertCloseStore
+CertCloseStore.argtypes = (HCERTSTORE, DWORD)
+CertCloseStore.restype = BOOL
+CertCloseStore.errcheck = _handle_win_error
+
+CertFreeCertificateChain = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateChain
+CertFreeCertificateChain.argtypes = (PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT,)
+
+CertFreeCertificateContext = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateContext
+CertFreeCertificateContext.argtypes = (PCERT_CONTEXT,)
+
+CertFreeCertificateChainEngine = wincrypt.CertFreeCertificateChainEngine
+CertFreeCertificateChainEngine.argtypes = (HCERTCHAINENGINE,)
+
+FormatMessageW = kernel32.FormatMessageW
+FormatMessageW.argtypes = (
+    DWORD,
+    LPCVOID,
+    DWORD,
+    DWORD,
+    LPWSTR,
+    DWORD,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+FormatMessageW.restype = DWORD
+
+
+def _verify_peercerts_impl(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    cert_chain: list[bytes],
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Verify the cert_chain from the server using Windows APIs."""
+    pCertContext = None
+    hIntermediateCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, None, 0, None)
+    try:
+        # Add intermediate certs to an in-memory cert store
+        for cert_bytes in cert_chain[1:]:
+            CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                hIntermediateCertStore,
+                X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                cert_bytes,
+                len(cert_bytes),
+                CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        # Cert context for leaf cert
+        leaf_cert = cert_chain[0]
+        pCertContext = CertCreateCertificateContext(
+            X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING, leaf_cert, len(leaf_cert)
+        )
+
+        # Chain params to match certs for serverAuth extended usage
+        cert_enhkey_usage = CERT_ENHKEY_USAGE()
+        cert_enhkey_usage.cUsageIdentifier = 1
+        cert_enhkey_usage.rgpszUsageIdentifier = (c_char_p * 1)(OID_PKIX_KP_SERVER_AUTH)
+        cert_usage_match = CERT_USAGE_MATCH()
+        cert_usage_match.Usage = cert_enhkey_usage
+        chain_params = CERT_CHAIN_PARA()
+        chain_params.RequestedUsage = cert_usage_match
+        chain_params.cbSize = sizeof(chain_params)
+        pChainPara = pointer(chain_params)
+
+        if ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN:
+            chain_flags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN
+        elif ssl_context.verify_flags & ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF:
+            chain_flags = CERT_CHAIN_REVOCATION_CHECK_END_CERT
+        else:
+            chain_flags = 0
+
+        try:
+            # First attempt to verify using the default Windows system trust roots
+            # (default chain engine).
+            _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+                ssl_context,
+                None,
+                hIntermediateCertStore,
+                pCertContext,
+                pChainPara,
+                server_hostname,
+                chain_flags=chain_flags,
+            )
+        except ssl.SSLCertVerificationError:
+            # If that fails but custom CA certs have been added
+            # to the SSLContext using load_verify_locations,
+            # try verifying using a custom chain engine
+            # that trusts the custom CA certs.
+            custom_ca_certs: list[bytes] | None = ssl_context.get_ca_certs(
+                binary_form=True
+            )
+            if custom_ca_certs:
+                _verify_using_custom_ca_certs(
+                    ssl_context,
+                    custom_ca_certs,
+                    hIntermediateCertStore,
+                    pCertContext,
+                    pChainPara,
+                    server_hostname,
+                    chain_flags=chain_flags,
+                )
+            else:
+                raise
+    finally:
+        CertCloseStore(hIntermediateCertStore, 0)
+        if pCertContext:
+            CertFreeCertificateContext(pCertContext)
+
+
+def _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    hChainEngine: HCERTCHAINENGINE | None,
+    hIntermediateCertStore: HCERTSTORE,
+    pPeerCertContext: c_void_p,
+    pChainPara: PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    server_hostname: str | None,
+    chain_flags: int,
+) -> None:
+    ppChainContext = None
+    try:
+        # Get cert chain
+        ppChainContext = pointer(PCERT_CHAIN_CONTEXT())
+        CertGetCertificateChain(
+            hChainEngine,  # chain engine
+            pPeerCertContext,  # leaf cert context
+            None,  # current system time
+            hIntermediateCertStore,  # additional in-memory cert store
+            pChainPara,  # chain-building parameters
+            chain_flags,
+            None,  # reserved
+            ppChainContext,  # the resulting chain context
+        )
+        pChainContext = ppChainContext.contents
+
+        # Verify cert chain
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para = SSL_EXTRA_CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA()
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.cbSize = sizeof(
+            ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para
+        )
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.dwAuthType = AUTHTYPE_SERVER
+        ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.fdwChecks = 0
+        if server_hostname:
+            ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para.pwszServerName = c_wchar_p(server_hostname)
+
+        chain_policy = CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_PARA()
+        chain_policy.pvExtraPolicyPara = cast(
+            pointer(ssl_extra_cert_chain_policy_para), c_void_p
+        )
+        if ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_NONE:
+            chain_policy.dwFlags |= CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_VERIFY_MODE_NONE_FLAGS
+        if not ssl_context.check_hostname:
+            chain_policy.dwFlags |= CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_IGNORE_INVALID_NAME_FLAG
+        chain_policy.cbSize = sizeof(chain_policy)
+
+        pPolicyPara = pointer(chain_policy)
+        policy_status = CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_STATUS()
+        policy_status.cbSize = sizeof(policy_status)
+        pPolicyStatus = pointer(policy_status)
+        CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(
+            CERT_CHAIN_POLICY_SSL,
+            pChainContext,
+            pPolicyPara,
+            pPolicyStatus,
+        )
+
+        # Check status
+        error_code = policy_status.dwError
+        if error_code:
+            # Try getting a human readable message for an error code.
+            error_message_buf = create_unicode_buffer(1024)
+            error_message_chars = FormatMessageW(
+                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                None,
+                error_code,
+                0,
+                error_message_buf,
+                sizeof(error_message_buf),
+                None,
+            )
+
+            # See if we received a message for the error,
+            # otherwise we use a generic error with the
+            # error code and hope that it's search-able.
+            if error_message_chars <= 0:
+                error_message = f"Certificate chain policy error {error_code:#x} [{policy_status.lElementIndex}]"
+            else:
+                error_message = error_message_buf.value.strip()
+
+            err = ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(error_message)
+            err.verify_message = error_message
+            err.verify_code = error_code
+            raise err from None
+    finally:
+        if ppChainContext:
+            CertFreeCertificateChain(ppChainContext.contents)
+
+
+def _verify_using_custom_ca_certs(
+    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
+    custom_ca_certs: list[bytes],
+    hIntermediateCertStore: HCERTSTORE,
+    pPeerCertContext: c_void_p,
+    pChainPara: PCERT_CHAIN_PARA,  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    server_hostname: str | None,
+    chain_flags: int,
+) -> None:
+    hChainEngine = None
+    hRootCertStore = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, 0, None, 0, None)
+    try:
+        # Add custom CA certs to an in-memory cert store
+        for cert_bytes in custom_ca_certs:
+            CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore(
+                hRootCertStore,
+                X509_ASN_ENCODING | PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING,
+                cert_bytes,
+                len(cert_bytes),
+                CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
+                None,
+            )
+
+        # Create a custom cert chain engine which exclusively trusts
+        # certs from our hRootCertStore
+        cert_chain_engine_config = CERT_CHAIN_ENGINE_CONFIG()
+        cert_chain_engine_config.cbSize = sizeof(cert_chain_engine_config)
+        cert_chain_engine_config.hExclusiveRoot = hRootCertStore
+        pConfig = pointer(cert_chain_engine_config)
+        phChainEngine = pointer(HCERTCHAINENGINE())
+        CertCreateCertificateChainEngine(
+            pConfig,
+            phChainEngine,
+        )
+        hChainEngine = phChainEngine.contents
+
+        # Get and verify a cert chain using the custom chain engine
+        _get_and_verify_cert_chain(
+            ssl_context,
+            hChainEngine,
+            hIntermediateCertStore,
+            pPeerCertContext,
+            pChainPara,
+            server_hostname,
+            chain_flags,
+        )
+    finally:
+        if hChainEngine:
+            CertFreeCertificateChainEngine(hChainEngine)
+        CertCloseStore(hRootCertStore, 0)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
+    check_hostname = ctx.check_hostname
+    verify_mode = ctx.verify_mode
+    ctx.check_hostname = False
+    _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, ssl.CERT_NONE)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+        _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(ctx, verify_mode)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f93acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/typing_extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3072 @@
+import abc
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import functools
+import inspect
+import operator
+import sys
+import types as _types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Super-special typing primitives.
+    'Any',
+    'ClassVar',
+    'Concatenate',
+    'Final',
+    'LiteralString',
+    'ParamSpec',
+    'ParamSpecArgs',
+    'ParamSpecKwargs',
+    'Self',
+    'Type',
+    'TypeVar',
+    'TypeVarTuple',
+    'Unpack',
+
+    # ABCs (from collections.abc).
+    'Awaitable',
+    'AsyncIterator',
+    'AsyncIterable',
+    'Coroutine',
+    'AsyncGenerator',
+    'AsyncContextManager',
+    'Buffer',
+    'ChainMap',
+
+    # Concrete collection types.
+    'ContextManager',
+    'Counter',
+    'Deque',
+    'DefaultDict',
+    'NamedTuple',
+    'OrderedDict',
+    'TypedDict',
+
+    # Structural checks, a.k.a. protocols.
+    'SupportsAbs',
+    'SupportsBytes',
+    'SupportsComplex',
+    'SupportsFloat',
+    'SupportsIndex',
+    'SupportsInt',
+    'SupportsRound',
+
+    # One-off things.
+    'Annotated',
+    'assert_never',
+    'assert_type',
+    'clear_overloads',
+    'dataclass_transform',
+    'deprecated',
+    'get_overloads',
+    'final',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_original_bases',
+    'get_protocol_members',
+    'get_type_hints',
+    'IntVar',
+    'is_protocol',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'Literal',
+    'NewType',
+    'overload',
+    'override',
+    'Protocol',
+    'reveal_type',
+    'runtime',
+    'runtime_checkable',
+    'Text',
+    'TypeAlias',
+    'TypeAliasType',
+    'TypeGuard',
+    'TYPE_CHECKING',
+    'Never',
+    'NoReturn',
+    'Required',
+    'NotRequired',
+
+    # Pure aliases, have always been in typing
+    'AbstractSet',
+    'AnyStr',
+    'BinaryIO',
+    'Callable',
+    'Collection',
+    'Container',
+    'Dict',
+    'ForwardRef',
+    'FrozenSet',
+    'Generator',
+    'Generic',
+    'Hashable',
+    'IO',
+    'ItemsView',
+    'Iterable',
+    'Iterator',
+    'KeysView',
+    'List',
+    'Mapping',
+    'MappingView',
+    'Match',
+    'MutableMapping',
+    'MutableSequence',
+    'MutableSet',
+    'Optional',
+    'Pattern',
+    'Reversible',
+    'Sequence',
+    'Set',
+    'Sized',
+    'TextIO',
+    'Tuple',
+    'Union',
+    'ValuesView',
+    'cast',
+    'no_type_check',
+    'no_type_check_decorator',
+]
+
+# for backward compatibility
+PEP_560 = True
+GenericMeta = type
+
+# The functions below are modified copies of typing internal helpers.
+# They are needed by _ProtocolMeta and they provide support for PEP 646.
+
+
+class _Sentinel:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<sentinel>"
+
+
+_marker = _Sentinel()
+
+
+def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen=_marker):
+    """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+    This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+    """
+    if not elen:
+        raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+    if elen is _marker:
+        if not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__") or not cls.__parameters__:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        elen = len(cls.__parameters__)
+    alen = len(parameters)
+    if alen != elen:
+        if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+            parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+            num_tv_tuples = sum(isinstance(p, TypeVarTuple) for p in parameters)
+            if (num_tv_tuples > 0) and (alen >= elen - num_tv_tuples):
+                return
+        raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} parameters for {cls};"
+                        f" actual {alen}, expected {elen}")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(
+            t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias, _types.UnionType)
+        )
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias))
+else:
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias) and not t._special
+
+
+def _collect_type_vars(types, typevar_types=None):
+    """Collect all type variable contained in types in order of
+    first appearance (lexicographic order). For example::
+
+        _collect_type_vars((T, List[S, T])) == (T, S)
+    """
+    if typevar_types is None:
+        typevar_types = typing.TypeVar
+    tvars = []
+    for t in types:
+        if (
+            isinstance(t, typevar_types) and
+            t not in tvars and
+            not _is_unpack(t)
+        ):
+            tvars.append(t)
+        if _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+            tvars.extend([t for t in t.__parameters__ if t not in tvars])
+    return tuple(tvars)
+
+
+NoReturn = typing.NoReturn
+
+# Some unconstrained type variables.  These are used by the container types.
+# (These are not for export.)
+T = typing.TypeVar('T')  # Any type.
+KT = typing.TypeVar('KT')  # Key type.
+VT = typing.TypeVar('VT')  # Value type.
+T_co = typing.TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)  # Any type covariant containers.
+T_contra = typing.TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)  # Ditto contravariant.
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Any
+else:
+
+    class _AnyMeta(type):
+        def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+            if self is Any:
+                raise TypeError("typing_extensions.Any cannot be used with isinstance()")
+            return super().__instancecheck__(obj)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self is Any:
+                return "typing_extensions.Any"
+            return super().__repr__()
+
+    class Any(metaclass=_AnyMeta):
+        """Special type indicating an unconstrained type.
+        - Any is compatible with every type.
+        - Any assumed to have all methods.
+        - All values assumed to be instances of Any.
+        Note that all the above statements are true from the point of view of
+        static type checkers. At runtime, Any should not be used with instance
+        checks.
+        """
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            if cls is Any:
+                raise TypeError("Any cannot be instantiated")
+            return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ClassVar = typing.ClassVar
+
+
+class _ExtensionsSpecialForm(typing._SpecialForm, _root=True):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'typing_extensions.' + self._name
+
+
+# On older versions of typing there is an internal class named "Final".
+# 3.8+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Final') and sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+    Final = typing.Final
+# 3.7
+else:
+    class _FinalForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Final = _FinalForm('Final',
+                       doc="""A special typing construct to indicate that a name
+                       cannot be re-assigned or overridden in a subclass.
+                       For example:
+
+                           MAX_SIZE: Final = 9000
+                           MAX_SIZE += 1  # Error reported by type checker
+
+                           class Connection:
+                               TIMEOUT: Final[int] = 10
+                           class FastConnector(Connection):
+                               TIMEOUT = 1  # Error reported by type checker
+
+                       There is no runtime checking of these properties.""")
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    final = typing.final
+else:
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+
+def IntVar(name):
+    return typing.TypeVar(name)
+
+
+# A Literal bug was fixed in 3.11.0, 3.10.1 and 3.9.8
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+    Literal = typing.Literal
+else:
+    def _flatten_literal_params(parameters):
+        """An internal helper for Literal creation: flatten Literals among parameters"""
+        params = []
+        for p in parameters:
+            if isinstance(p, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                params.extend(p.__args__)
+            else:
+                params.append(p)
+        return tuple(params)
+
+    def _value_and_type_iter(params):
+        for p in params:
+            yield p, type(p)
+
+    class _LiteralGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            these_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__))
+            other_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(other.__args__))
+            return these_args_deduped == other_args_deduped
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash(frozenset(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__)))
+
+    class _LiteralForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, doc: str):
+            self._name = 'Literal'
+            self._doc = self.__doc__ = doc
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+
+            parameters = _flatten_literal_params(parameters)
+
+            val_type_pairs = list(_value_and_type_iter(parameters))
+            try:
+                deduped_pairs = set(val_type_pairs)
+            except TypeError:
+                # unhashable parameters
+                pass
+            else:
+                # similar logic to typing._deduplicate on Python 3.9+
+                if len(deduped_pairs) < len(val_type_pairs):
+                    new_parameters = []
+                    for pair in val_type_pairs:
+                        if pair in deduped_pairs:
+                            new_parameters.append(pair[0])
+                            deduped_pairs.remove(pair)
+                    assert not deduped_pairs, deduped_pairs
+                    parameters = tuple(new_parameters)
+
+            return _LiteralGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+    Literal = _LiteralForm(doc="""\
+                           A type that can be used to indicate to type checkers
+                           that the corresponding value has a value literally equivalent
+                           to the provided parameter. For example:
+
+                               var: Literal[4] = 4
+
+                           The type checker understands that 'var' is literally equal to
+                           the value 4 and no other value.
+
+                           Literal[...] cannot be subclassed. There is no runtime
+                           checking verifying that the parameter is actually a value
+                           instead of a type.""")
+
+
+_overload_dummy = typing._overload_dummy
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "get_overloads"):  # 3.11+
+    overload = typing.overload
+    get_overloads = typing.get_overloads
+    clear_overloads = typing.clear_overloads
+else:
+    # {module: {qualname: {firstlineno: func}}}
+    _overload_registry = collections.defaultdict(
+        functools.partial(collections.defaultdict, dict)
+    )
+
+    def overload(func):
+        """Decorator for overloaded functions/methods.
+
+        In a stub file, place two or more stub definitions for the same
+        function in a row, each decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+
+        In a non-stub file (i.e. a regular .py file), do the same but
+        follow it with an implementation.  The implementation should *not*
+        be decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+        def utf8(value):
+            # implementation goes here
+
+        The overloads for a function can be retrieved at runtime using the
+        get_overloads() function.
+        """
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        try:
+            _overload_registry[f.__module__][f.__qualname__][
+                f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            ] = func
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Not a normal function; ignore.
+            pass
+        return _overload_dummy
+
+    def get_overloads(func):
+        """Return all defined overloads for *func* as a sequence."""
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        if f.__module__ not in _overload_registry:
+            return []
+        mod_dict = _overload_registry[f.__module__]
+        if f.__qualname__ not in mod_dict:
+            return []
+        return list(mod_dict[f.__qualname__].values())
+
+    def clear_overloads():
+        """Clear all overloads in the registry."""
+        _overload_registry.clear()
+
+
+# This is not a real generic class.  Don't use outside annotations.
+Type = typing.Type
+
+# Various ABCs mimicking those in collections.abc.
+# A few are simply re-exported for completeness.
+
+
+Awaitable = typing.Awaitable
+Coroutine = typing.Coroutine
+AsyncIterable = typing.AsyncIterable
+AsyncIterator = typing.AsyncIterator
+Deque = typing.Deque
+ContextManager = typing.ContextManager
+AsyncContextManager = typing.AsyncContextManager
+DefaultDict = typing.DefaultDict
+
+# 3.7.2+
+if hasattr(typing, 'OrderedDict'):
+    OrderedDict = typing.OrderedDict
+# 3.7.0-3.7.2
+else:
+    OrderedDict = typing._alias(collections.OrderedDict, (KT, VT))
+
+Counter = typing.Counter
+ChainMap = typing.ChainMap
+AsyncGenerator = typing.AsyncGenerator
+Text = typing.Text
+TYPE_CHECKING = typing.TYPE_CHECKING
+
+
+_PROTO_ALLOWLIST = {
+    'collections.abc': [
+        'Callable', 'Awaitable', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'AsyncIterable',
+        'Hashable', 'Sized', 'Container', 'Collection', 'Reversible', 'Buffer',
+    ],
+    'contextlib': ['AbstractContextManager', 'AbstractAsyncContextManager'],
+    'typing_extensions': ['Buffer'],
+}
+
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = {
+    "__abstractmethods__", "__annotations__", "__weakref__", "_is_protocol",
+    "_is_runtime_protocol", "__dict__", "__slots__", "__parameters__",
+    "__orig_bases__", "__module__", "_MutableMapping__marker", "__doc__",
+    "__subclasshook__", "__orig_class__", "__init__", "__new__",
+    "__protocol_attrs__", "__callable_proto_members_only__",
+}
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    _EXCLUDED_ATTRS |= {
+        "_gorg", "__next_in_mro__", "__extra__", "__tree_hash__", "__args__",
+        "__origin__"
+    }
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    _EXCLUDED_ATTRS.add("__class_getitem__")
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    _EXCLUDED_ATTRS.add("__type_params__")
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = frozenset(_EXCLUDED_ATTRS)
+
+
+def _get_protocol_attrs(cls):
+    attrs = set()
+    for base in cls.__mro__[:-1]:  # without object
+        if base.__name__ in {'Protocol', 'Generic'}:
+            continue
+        annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+        for attr in (*base.__dict__, *annotations):
+            if (not attr.startswith('_abc_') and attr not in _EXCLUDED_ATTRS):
+                attrs.add(attr)
+    return attrs
+
+
+def _maybe_adjust_parameters(cls):
+    """Helper function used in Protocol.__init_subclass__ and _TypedDictMeta.__new__.
+
+    The contents of this function are very similar
+    to logic found in typing.Generic.__init_subclass__
+    on the CPython main branch.
+    """
+    tvars = []
+    if '__orig_bases__' in cls.__dict__:
+        tvars = _collect_type_vars(cls.__orig_bases__)
+        # Look for Generic[T1, ..., Tn] or Protocol[T1, ..., Tn].
+        # If found, tvars must be a subset of it.
+        # If not found, tvars is it.
+        # Also check for and reject plain Generic,
+        # and reject multiple Generic[...] and/or Protocol[...].
+        gvars = None
+        for base in cls.__orig_bases__:
+            if (isinstance(base, typing._GenericAlias) and
+                    base.__origin__ in (typing.Generic, Protocol)):
+                # for error messages
+                the_base = base.__origin__.__name__
+                if gvars is not None:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Cannot inherit from Generic[...]"
+                        " and/or Protocol[...] multiple types.")
+                gvars = base.__parameters__
+        if gvars is None:
+            gvars = tvars
+        else:
+            tvarset = set(tvars)
+            gvarset = set(gvars)
+            if not tvarset <= gvarset:
+                s_vars = ', '.join(str(t) for t in tvars if t not in gvarset)
+                s_args = ', '.join(str(g) for g in gvars)
+                raise TypeError(f"Some type variables ({s_vars}) are"
+                                f" not listed in {the_base}[{s_args}]")
+            tvars = gvars
+    cls.__parameters__ = tuple(tvars)
+
+
+def _caller(depth=2):
+    try:
+        return sys._getframe(depth).f_globals.get('__name__', '__main__')
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):  # For platforms without _getframe()
+        return None
+
+
+# The performance of runtime-checkable protocols is significantly improved on Python 3.12,
+# so we backport the 3.12 version of Protocol to Python <=3.11
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    Protocol = typing.Protocol
+else:
+    def _allow_reckless_class_checks(depth=3):
+        """Allow instance and class checks for special stdlib modules.
+        The abc and functools modules indiscriminately call isinstance() and
+        issubclass() on the whole MRO of a user class, which may contain protocols.
+        """
+        return _caller(depth) in {'abc', 'functools', None}
+
+    def _no_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if type(self)._is_protocol:
+            raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        # Inheriting from typing._ProtocolMeta isn't actually desirable,
+        # but is necessary to allow typing.Protocol and typing_extensions.Protocol
+        # to mix without getting TypeErrors about "metaclass conflict"
+        _typing_Protocol = typing.Protocol
+        _ProtocolMetaBase = type(_typing_Protocol)
+    else:
+        _typing_Protocol = _marker
+        _ProtocolMetaBase = abc.ABCMeta
+
+    class _ProtocolMeta(_ProtocolMetaBase):
+        # This metaclass is somewhat unfortunate,
+        # but is necessary for several reasons...
+        #
+        # NOTE: DO NOT call super() in any methods in this class
+        # That would call the methods on typing._ProtocolMeta on Python 3.8-3.11
+        # and those are slow
+        def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+            if name == "Protocol" and len(bases) < 2:
+                pass
+            elif {Protocol, _typing_Protocol} & set(bases):
+                for base in bases:
+                    if not (
+                        base in {object, typing.Generic, Protocol, _typing_Protocol}
+                        or base.__name__ in _PROTO_ALLOWLIST.get(base.__module__, [])
+                        or is_protocol(base)
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Protocols can only inherit from other protocols, "
+                            f"got {base!r}"
+                        )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+        def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            abc.ABCMeta.__init__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+            if getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                cls.__protocol_attrs__ = _get_protocol_attrs(cls)
+                # PEP 544 prohibits using issubclass()
+                # with protocols that have non-method members.
+                cls.__callable_proto_members_only__ = all(
+                    callable(getattr(cls, attr, None)) for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__
+                )
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+            if (
+                getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False)
+                and not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                if not isinstance(other, type):
+                    # Same error message as for issubclass(1, int).
+                    raise TypeError('issubclass() arg 1 must be a class')
+                if (
+                    not cls.__callable_proto_members_only__
+                    and cls.__dict__.get("__subclasshook__") is _proto_hook
+                ):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()"
+                    )
+                if not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Instance and class checks can only be used with "
+                        "@runtime_checkable protocols"
+                    )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+
+        def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+            # We need this method for situations where attributes are
+            # assigned in __init__.
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+            if not getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                # i.e., it's a concrete subclass of a protocol
+                return abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+
+            if (
+                not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False) and
+                not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                raise TypeError("Instance and class checks can only be used with"
+                                " @runtime_checkable protocols")
+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+                return True
+
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    val = inspect.getattr_static(instance, attr)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    break
+                if val is None and callable(getattr(cls, attr, None)):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return True
+
+            return False
+
+        def __eq__(cls, other):
+            # Hack so that typing.Generic.__class_getitem__
+            # treats typing_extensions.Protocol
+            # as equivalent to typing.Protocol on Python 3.8+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__eq__(cls, other) is True:
+                return True
+            return (
+                cls is Protocol and other is getattr(typing, "Protocol", object())
+            )
+
+        # This has to be defined, or the abc-module cache
+        # complains about classes with this metaclass being unhashable,
+        # if we define only __eq__!
+        def __hash__(cls) -> int:
+            return type.__hash__(cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _proto_hook(cls, other):
+        if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+            for base in other.__mro__:
+                # Check if the members appears in the class dictionary...
+                if attr in base.__dict__:
+                    if base.__dict__[attr] is None:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    break
+
+                # ...or in annotations, if it is a sub-protocol.
+                annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+                if (
+                    isinstance(annotations, collections.abc.Mapping)
+                    and attr in annotations
+                    and is_protocol(other)
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        return True
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        class Protocol(typing.Generic, metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+            __doc__ = typing.Protocol.__doc__
+            __slots__ = ()
+            _is_protocol = True
+            _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+                if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+                    cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+                # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+                if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                    cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+                # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+                if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                    cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+    else:
+        class Protocol(metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+            # There is quite a lot of overlapping code with typing.Generic.
+            # Unfortunately it is hard to avoid this on Python <3.8,
+            # as the typing module on Python 3.7 doesn't let us subclass typing.Generic!
+            """Base class for protocol classes. Protocol classes are defined as::
+
+                class Proto(Protocol):
+                    def meth(self) -> int:
+                        ...
+
+            Such classes are primarily used with static type checkers that recognize
+            structural subtyping (static duck-typing), for example::
+
+                class C:
+                    def meth(self) -> int:
+                        return 0
+
+                def func(x: Proto) -> int:
+                    return x.meth()
+
+                func(C())  # Passes static type check
+
+            See PEP 544 for details. Protocol classes decorated with
+            @typing_extensions.runtime_checkable act
+            as simple-minded runtime-checkable protocols that check
+            only the presence of given attributes, ignoring their type signatures.
+
+            Protocol classes can be generic, they are defined as::
+
+                class GenProto(Protocol[T]):
+                    def meth(self) -> T:
+                        ...
+            """
+            __slots__ = ()
+            _is_protocol = True
+            _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+                if cls is Protocol:
+                    raise TypeError("Type Protocol cannot be instantiated; "
+                                    "it can only be used as a base class")
+                return super().__new__(cls)
+
+            @typing._tp_cache
+            def __class_getitem__(cls, params):
+                if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+                    params = (params,)
+                if not params and cls is not typing.Tuple:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Parameter list to {cls.__qualname__}[...] cannot be empty")
+                msg = "Parameters to generic types must be types."
+                params = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in params)
+                if cls is Protocol:
+                    # Generic can only be subscripted with unique type variables.
+                    if not all(isinstance(p, typing.TypeVar) for p in params):
+                        i = 0
+                        while isinstance(params[i], typing.TypeVar):
+                            i += 1
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            "Parameters to Protocol[...] must all be type variables."
+                            f" Parameter {i + 1} is {params[i]}")
+                    if len(set(params)) != len(params):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            "Parameters to Protocol[...] must all be unique")
+                else:
+                    # Subscripting a regular Generic subclass.
+                    _check_generic(cls, params, len(cls.__parameters__))
+                return typing._GenericAlias(cls, params)
+
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                if '__orig_bases__' in cls.__dict__:
+                    error = typing.Generic in cls.__orig_bases__
+                else:
+                    error = typing.Generic in cls.__bases__
+                if error:
+                    raise TypeError("Cannot inherit from plain Generic")
+                _maybe_adjust_parameters(cls)
+
+                # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+                if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', None):
+                    cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+                # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+                if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                    cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+                # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+                if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                    cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    runtime_checkable = typing.runtime_checkable
+else:
+    def runtime_checkable(cls):
+        """Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol, so that it
+        can be used with isinstance() and issubclass(). Raise TypeError
+        if applied to a non-protocol class.
+
+        This allows a simple-minded structural check very similar to the
+        one-offs in collections.abc such as Hashable.
+        """
+        if not (
+            (isinstance(cls, _ProtocolMeta) or issubclass(cls, typing.Generic))
+            and getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False)
+        ):
+            raise TypeError('@runtime_checkable can be only applied to protocol classes,'
+                            f' got {cls!r}')
+        cls._is_runtime_protocol = True
+        return cls
+
+
+# Exists for backwards compatibility.
+runtime = runtime_checkable
+
+
+# Our version of runtime-checkable protocols is faster on Python 3.7-3.11
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    SupportsInt = typing.SupportsInt
+    SupportsFloat = typing.SupportsFloat
+    SupportsComplex = typing.SupportsComplex
+    SupportsBytes = typing.SupportsBytes
+    SupportsIndex = typing.SupportsIndex
+    SupportsAbs = typing.SupportsAbs
+    SupportsRound = typing.SupportsRound
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsInt(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __int__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __int__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsFloat(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __float__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __float__(self) -> float:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsComplex(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __complex__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __complex__(self) -> complex:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsBytes(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __bytes__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsIndex(Protocol):
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __index__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsAbs(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __abs__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __abs__(self) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsRound(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __round__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+
+def _ensure_subclassable(mro_entries):
+    def inner(func):
+        if sys.implementation.name == "pypy" and sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+            cls_dict = {
+                "__call__": staticmethod(func),
+                "__mro_entries__": staticmethod(mro_entries)
+            }
+            t = type(func.__name__, (), cls_dict)
+            return functools.update_wrapper(t(), func)
+        else:
+            func.__mro_entries__ = mro_entries
+            return func
+    return inner
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.8 does not store runtime information
+    # about which (if any) keys are optional.  See https://bugs.python.org/issue38834
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.9.0/1 does not honour the "total"
+    # keyword with old-style TypedDict().  See https://bugs.python.org/issue42059
+    # The standard library TypedDict below Python 3.11 does not store runtime
+    # information about optional and required keys when using Required or NotRequired.
+    # Generic TypedDicts are also impossible using typing.TypedDict on Python <3.11.
+    # Aaaand on 3.12 we add __orig_bases__ to TypedDict
+    # to enable better runtime introspection.
+    # On 3.13 we deprecate some odd ways of creating TypedDicts.
+    TypedDict = typing.TypedDict
+    _TypedDictMeta = typing._TypedDictMeta
+    is_typeddict = typing.is_typeddict
+else:
+    # 3.10.0 and later
+    _TAKES_MODULE = "module" in inspect.signature(typing._type_check).parameters
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        _fake_name = "Protocol"
+    else:
+        _fake_name = "_Protocol"
+
+    class _TypedDictMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, total=True):
+            """Create new typed dict class object.
+
+            This method is called when TypedDict is subclassed,
+            or when TypedDict is instantiated. This way
+            TypedDict supports all three syntax forms described in its docstring.
+            Subclasses and instances of TypedDict return actual dictionaries.
+            """
+            for base in bases:
+                if type(base) is not _TypedDictMeta and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError('cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type '
+                                    'and a non-TypedDict base class')
+
+            if any(issubclass(b, typing.Generic) for b in bases):
+                generic_base = (typing.Generic,)
+            else:
+                generic_base = ()
+
+            # typing.py generally doesn't let you inherit from plain Generic, unless
+            # the name of the class happens to be "Protocol" (or "_Protocol" on 3.7).
+            tp_dict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, _fake_name, (*generic_base, dict), ns)
+            tp_dict.__name__ = name
+            if tp_dict.__qualname__ == _fake_name:
+                tp_dict.__qualname__ = name
+
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__orig_bases__'):
+                tp_dict.__orig_bases__ = bases
+
+            annotations = {}
+            own_annotations = ns.get('__annotations__', {})
+            msg = "TypedDict('Name', {f0: t0, f1: t1, ...}); each t must be a type"
+            if _TAKES_MODULE:
+                own_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                own_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            required_keys = set()
+            optional_keys = set()
+
+            for base in bases:
+                annotations.update(base.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {}))
+                required_keys.update(base.__dict__.get('__required_keys__', ()))
+                optional_keys.update(base.__dict__.get('__optional_keys__', ()))
+
+            annotations.update(own_annotations)
+            for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_annotations.items():
+                annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+                if annotation_origin is Annotated:
+                    annotation_args = get_args(annotation_type)
+                    if annotation_args:
+                        annotation_type = annotation_args[0]
+                        annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+
+                if annotation_origin is Required:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif annotation_origin is NotRequired:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif total:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+
+            tp_dict.__annotations__ = annotations
+            tp_dict.__required_keys__ = frozenset(required_keys)
+            tp_dict.__optional_keys__ = frozenset(optional_keys)
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__total__'):
+                tp_dict.__total__ = total
+            return tp_dict
+
+        __call__ = dict  # static method
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            # Typed dicts are only for static structural subtyping.
+            raise TypeError('TypedDict does not support instance and class checks')
+
+        __instancecheck__ = __subclasscheck__
+
+    _TypedDict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, 'TypedDict', (), {})
+
+    @_ensure_subclassable(lambda bases: (_TypedDict,))
+    def TypedDict(__typename, __fields=_marker, *, total=True, **kwargs):
+        """A simple typed namespace. At runtime it is equivalent to a plain dict.
+
+        TypedDict creates a dictionary type such that a type checker will expect all
+        instances to have a certain set of keys, where each key is
+        associated with a value of a consistent type. This expectation
+        is not checked at runtime.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+                label: str
+
+            a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'}  # OK
+            b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'}           # Fails type check
+
+            assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')
+
+        The type info can be accessed via the Point2D.__annotations__ dict, and
+        the Point2D.__required_keys__ and Point2D.__optional_keys__ frozensets.
+        TypedDict supports an additional equivalent form::
+
+            Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
+
+        By default, all keys must be present in a TypedDict. It is possible
+        to override this by specifying totality::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+
+        This means that a Point2D TypedDict can have any of the keys omitted. A type
+        checker is only expected to support a literal False or True as the value of
+        the total argument. True is the default, and makes all items defined in the
+        class body be required.
+
+        The Required and NotRequired special forms can also be used to mark
+        individual keys as being required or not required::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int  # the "x" key must always be present (Required is the default)
+                y: NotRequired[int]  # the "y" key can be omitted
+
+        See PEP 655 for more details on Required and NotRequired.
+        """
+        if __fields is _marker or __fields is None:
+            if __fields is _marker:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+
+            example = f"`{__typename} = TypedDict({__typename!r}, {{}})`"
+            deprecation_msg = (
+                f"{deprecated_thing} is deprecated and will be disallowed in "
+                "Python 3.15. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
+                "using the functional syntax, pass an empty dictionary, e.g. "
+            ) + example + "."
+            warnings.warn(deprecation_msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            __fields = kwargs
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("TypedDict takes either a dict or keyword arguments,"
+                            " but not both")
+        if kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The kwargs-based syntax for TypedDict definitions is deprecated "
+                "in Python 3.11, will be removed in Python 3.13, and may not be "
+                "understood by third-party type checkers.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        ns = {'__annotations__': dict(__fields)}
+        module = _caller()
+        if module is not None:
+            # Setting correct module is necessary to make typed dict classes pickleable.
+            ns['__module__'] = module
+
+        td = _TypedDictMeta(__typename, (), ns, total=total)
+        td.__orig_bases__ = (TypedDict,)
+        return td
+
+    if hasattr(typing, "_TypedDictMeta"):
+        _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (typing._TypedDictMeta, _TypedDictMeta)
+    else:
+        _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (_TypedDictMeta,)
+
+    def is_typeddict(tp):
+        """Check if an annotation is a TypedDict class
+
+        For example::
+            class Film(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: int
+
+            is_typeddict(Film)  # => True
+            is_typeddict(Union[list, str])  # => False
+        """
+        # On 3.8, this would otherwise return True
+        if hasattr(typing, "TypedDict") and tp is typing.TypedDict:
+            return False
+        return isinstance(tp, _TYPEDDICT_TYPES)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_type"):
+    assert_type = typing.assert_type
+
+else:
+    def assert_type(__val, __typ):
+        """Assert (to the type checker) that the value is of the given type.
+
+        When the type checker encounters a call to assert_type(), it
+        emits an error if the value is not of the specified type::
+
+            def greet(name: str) -> None:
+                assert_type(name, str)  # ok
+                assert_type(name, int)  # type checker error
+
+        At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged and otherwise
+        does nothing.
+        """
+        return __val
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Required"):
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+else:
+    # replaces _strip_annotations()
+    def _strip_extras(t):
+        """Strips Annotated, Required and NotRequired from a given type."""
+        if isinstance(t, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__origin__)
+        if hasattr(t, "__origin__") and t.__origin__ in (Required, NotRequired):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__args__[0])
+        if isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return t.copy_with(stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") and isinstance(t, _types.GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return _types.GenericAlias(t.__origin__, stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "UnionType") and isinstance(t, _types.UnionType):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, stripped_args)
+
+        return t
+
+    def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
+        """Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]', 'Required[T]' or 'NotRequired[T]' with 'T'
+        (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        if hasattr(typing, "Annotated"):
+            hint = typing.get_type_hints(
+                obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_extras=True
+            )
+        else:
+            hint = typing.get_type_hints(obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+        if include_extras:
+            return hint
+        return {k: _strip_extras(t) for k, t in hint.items()}
+
+
+# Python 3.9+ has PEP 593 (Annotated)
+if hasattr(typing, 'Annotated'):
+    Annotated = typing.Annotated
+    # Not exported and not a public API, but needed for get_origin() and get_args()
+    # to work.
+    _AnnotatedAlias = typing._AnnotatedAlias
+# 3.7-3.8
+else:
+    class _AnnotatedAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        """Runtime representation of an annotated type.
+
+        At its core 'Annotated[t, dec1, dec2, ...]' is an alias for the type 't'
+        with extra annotations. The alias behaves like a normal typing alias,
+        instantiating is the same as instantiating the underlying type, binding
+        it to types is also the same.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin, metadata):
+            if isinstance(origin, _AnnotatedAlias):
+                metadata = origin.__metadata__ + metadata
+                origin = origin.__origin__
+            super().__init__(origin, origin)
+            self.__metadata__ = metadata
+
+        def copy_with(self, params):
+            assert len(params) == 1
+            new_type = params[0]
+            return _AnnotatedAlias(new_type, self.__metadata__)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return (f"typing_extensions.Annotated[{typing._type_repr(self.__origin__)}, "
+                    f"{', '.join(repr(a) for a in self.__metadata__)}]")
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return operator.getitem, (
+                Annotated, (self.__origin__,) + self.__metadata__
+            )
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _AnnotatedAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            if self.__origin__ != other.__origin__:
+                return False
+            return self.__metadata__ == other.__metadata__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__metadata__))
+
+    class Annotated:
+        """Add context specific metadata to a type.
+
+        Example: Annotated[int, runtime_check.Unsigned] indicates to the
+        hypothetical runtime_check module that this type is an unsigned int.
+        Every other consumer of this type can ignore this metadata and treat
+        this type as int.
+
+        The first argument to Annotated must be a valid type (and will be in
+        the __origin__ field), the remaining arguments are kept as a tuple in
+        the __extra__ field.
+
+        Details:
+
+        - It's an error to call `Annotated` with less than two arguments.
+        - Nested Annotated are flattened::
+
+            Annotated[Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2], Ann3] == Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2, Ann3]
+
+        - Instantiating an annotated type is equivalent to instantiating the
+        underlying type::
+
+            Annotated[C, Ann1](5) == C(5)
+
+        - Annotated can be used as a generic type alias::
+
+            Optimized = Annotated[T, runtime.Optimize()]
+            Optimized[int] == Annotated[int, runtime.Optimize()]
+
+            OptimizedList = Annotated[List[T], runtime.Optimize()]
+            OptimizedList[int] == Annotated[List[int], runtime.Optimize()]
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError("Type Annotated cannot be instantiated.")
+
+        @typing._tp_cache
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, params):
+            if not isinstance(params, tuple) or len(params) < 2:
+                raise TypeError("Annotated[...] should be used "
+                                "with at least two arguments (a type and an "
+                                "annotation).")
+            allowed_special_forms = (ClassVar, Final)
+            if get_origin(params[0]) in allowed_special_forms:
+                origin = params[0]
+            else:
+                msg = "Annotated[t, ...]: t must be a type."
+                origin = typing._type_check(params[0], msg)
+            metadata = tuple(params[1:])
+            return _AnnotatedAlias(origin, metadata)
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Cannot subclass {cls.__module__}.Annotated"
+            )
+
+# Python 3.8 has get_origin() and get_args() but those implementations aren't
+# Annotated-aware, so we can't use those. Python 3.9's versions don't support
+# ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs, so only Python 3.10's versions will do.
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+    get_origin = typing.get_origin
+    get_args = typing.get_args
+# 3.7-3.9
+else:
+    try:
+        # 3.9+
+        from typing import _BaseGenericAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        _BaseGenericAlias = typing._GenericAlias
+    try:
+        # 3.9+
+        from typing import GenericAlias as _typing_GenericAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        _typing_GenericAlias = typing._GenericAlias
+
+    def get_origin(tp):
+        """Get the unsubscripted version of a type.
+
+        This supports generic types, Callable, Tuple, Union, Literal, Final, ClassVar
+        and Annotated. Return None for unsupported types. Examples::
+
+            get_origin(Literal[42]) is Literal
+            get_origin(int) is None
+            get_origin(ClassVar[int]) is ClassVar
+            get_origin(Generic) is Generic
+            get_origin(Generic[T]) is Generic
+            get_origin(Union[T, int]) is Union
+            get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]) == list
+            get_origin(P.args) is P
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return Annotated
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _typing_GenericAlias, _BaseGenericAlias,
+                           ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs)):
+            return tp.__origin__
+        if tp is typing.Generic:
+            return typing.Generic
+        return None
+
+    def get_args(tp):
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, _AnnotatedAlias):
+            return (tp.__origin__,) + tp.__metadata__
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _typing_GenericAlias)):
+            if getattr(tp, "_special", False):
+                return ()
+            res = tp.__args__
+            if get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return ()
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeAlias'):
+    TypeAlias = typing.TypeAlias
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeAlias(self, parameters):
+        """Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example above.
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+# 3.7-3.8
+else:
+    TypeAlias = _ExtensionsSpecialForm(
+        'TypeAlias',
+        doc="""Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example
+        above."""
+    )
+
+
+def _set_default(type_param, default):
+    if isinstance(default, (tuple, list)):
+        type_param.__default__ = tuple((typing._type_check(d, "Default must be a type")
+                                        for d in default))
+    elif default != _marker:
+        type_param.__default__ = typing._type_check(default, "Default must be a type")
+    else:
+        type_param.__default__ = None
+
+
+def _set_module(typevarlike):
+    # for pickling:
+    def_mod = _caller(depth=3)
+    if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+        typevarlike.__module__ = def_mod
+
+
+class _DefaultMixin:
+    """Mixin for TypeVarLike defaults."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __init__ = _set_default
+
+
+# Classes using this metaclass must provide a _backported_typevarlike ClassVar
+class _TypeVarLikeMeta(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, __instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(__instance, cls._backported_typevarlike)
+
+
+# Add default and infer_variance parameters from PEP 696 and 695
+class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+    """Type variable."""
+
+    _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVar
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, *constraints, bound=None,
+                covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                default=_marker, infer_variance=False):
+        if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+            # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+            typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                     covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant,
+                                     infer_variance=infer_variance)
+        else:
+            typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                     covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant)
+            if infer_variance and (covariant or contravariant):
+                raise ValueError("Variance cannot be specified with infer_variance.")
+            typevar.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+        _set_default(typevar, default)
+        _set_module(typevar)
+        return typevar
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+
+# Python 3.10+ has PEP 612
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpecArgs'):
+    ParamSpecArgs = typing.ParamSpecArgs
+    ParamSpecKwargs = typing.ParamSpecKwargs
+# 3.7-3.9
+else:
+    class _Immutable:
+        """Mixin to indicate that object should not be copied."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __copy__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+            return self
+
+    class ParamSpecArgs(_Immutable):
+        """The args for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.args is an instance of ParamSpecArgs.
+
+        ParamSpecArgs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.args.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.args"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecArgs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+    class ParamSpecKwargs(_Immutable):
+        """The kwargs for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.kwargs is an instance of ParamSpecKwargs.
+
+        ParamSpecKwargs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.kwargs.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.kwargs"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecKwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpec'):
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Parameter specification."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.ParamSpec
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    infer_variance=False, default=_marker):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant,
+                                             infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant)
+                paramspec.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(paramspec, default)
+            _set_module(paramspec)
+            return paramspec
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+# 3.7-3.9
+else:
+
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class ParamSpec(list, _DefaultMixin):
+        """Parameter specification variable.
+
+        Usage::
+
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+        Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static
+        type checkers.  They are used to forward the parameter types of one
+        callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in higher order
+        functions and decorators.  They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``,
+        or s the first argument to ``Callable``. In Python 3.10 and higher,
+        they are also supported in user-defined Generics at runtime.
+        See class Generic for more information on generic types.  An
+        example for annotating a decorator::
+
+           T = TypeVar('T')
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+           def add_logging(f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
+               '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''
+               def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+                   logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')
+                   return f(*args, **kwargs)
+               return inner
+
+           @add_logging
+           def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:
+               '''Add two numbers together.'''
+               return x + y
+
+        Parameter specification variables defined with covariant=True or
+        contravariant=True can be used to declare covariant or contravariant
+        generic types.  These keyword arguments are valid, but their actual semantics
+        are yet to be decided.  See PEP 612 for details.
+
+        Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.:
+
+           P.__name__ == 'T'
+           P.__bound__ == None
+           P.__covariant__ == False
+           P.__contravariant__ == False
+
+        Note that only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can
+        be pickled.
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def args(self):
+            return ParamSpecArgs(self)
+
+        @property
+        def kwargs(self):
+            return ParamSpecKwargs(self)
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, bound=None, covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                     infer_variance=False, default=_marker):
+            super().__init__([self])
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__covariant__ = bool(covariant)
+            self.__contravariant__ = bool(contravariant)
+            self.__infer_variance__ = bool(infer_variance)
+            if bound:
+                self.__bound__ = typing._type_check(bound, 'Bound must be a type.')
+            else:
+                self.__bound__ = None
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self.__infer_variance__:
+                prefix = ''
+            elif self.__covariant__:
+                prefix = '+'
+            elif self.__contravariant__:
+                prefix = '-'
+            else:
+                prefix = '~'
+            return prefix + self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+
+# 3.7-3.9
+if not hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(list):
+
+        # Trick Generic into looking into this for __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing._GenericAlias
+
+        # Flag in 3.8.
+        _special = False
+
+        def __init__(self, origin, args):
+            super().__init__(args)
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+            self.__args__ = args
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            _type_repr = typing._type_repr
+            return (f'{_type_repr(self.__origin__)}'
+                    f'[{", ".join(_type_repr(arg) for arg in self.__args__)}]')
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__args__))
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass in Generic.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @property
+        def __parameters__(self):
+            return tuple(
+                tp for tp in self.__args__ if isinstance(tp, (typing.TypeVar, ParamSpec))
+            )
+
+
+# 3.7-3.9
+@typing._tp_cache
+def _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters):
+    if parameters == ():
+        raise TypeError("Cannot take a Concatenate of no types.")
+    if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+        parameters = (parameters,)
+    if not isinstance(parameters[-1], ParamSpec):
+        raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable.")
+    msg = "Concatenate[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type."
+    parameters = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in parameters)
+    return _ConcatenateGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    Concatenate = typing.Concatenate
+    _ConcatenateGenericAlias = typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias  # noqa: F811
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Concatenate(self, parameters):
+        """Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """
+        return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+# 3.7-8
+else:
+    class _ConcatenateForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+
+    Concatenate = _ConcatenateForm(
+        'Concatenate',
+        doc="""Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """)
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeGuard'):
+    TypeGuard = typing.TypeGuard
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeGuard(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+# 3.7-3.8
+else:
+    class _TypeGuardForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    TypeGuard = _TypeGuardForm(
+        'TypeGuard',
+        doc="""Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """)
+
+
+# Vendored from cpython typing._SpecialFrom
+class _SpecialForm(typing._Final, _root=True):
+    __slots__ = ('_name', '__doc__', '_getitem')
+
+    def __init__(self, getitem):
+        self._getitem = getitem
+        self._name = getitem.__name__
+        self.__doc__ = getitem.__doc__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in {'__name__', '__qualname__'}:
+            return self._name
+
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot subclass {self!r}")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'typing_extensions.{self._name}'
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot instantiate {self!r}")
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with isinstance()")
+
+    def __subclasscheck__(self, cls):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with issubclass()")
+
+    @typing._tp_cache
+    def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+        return self._getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "LiteralString"):
+    LiteralString = typing.LiteralString
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def LiteralString(self, params):
+        """Represents an arbitrary literal string.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import LiteralString
+
+          def query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...:
+              ...
+
+          query("SELECT * FROM table")  # ok
+          query(f"SELECT * FROM {input()}")  # not ok
+
+        See PEP 675 for details.
+
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Self"):
+    Self = typing.Self
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Self(self, params):
+        """Used to spell the type of "self" in classes.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing import Self
+
+          class ReturnsSelf:
+              def parse(self, data: bytes) -> Self:
+                  ...
+                  return self
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Never"):
+    Never = typing.Never
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Never(self, params):
+        """The bottom type, a type that has no members.
+
+        This can be used to define a function that should never be
+        called, or a function that never returns::
+
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Never
+
+            def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                never_call_me(arg)  # type checker error
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        never_call_me(arg)  # ok, arg is of type Never
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Required'):
+    Required = typing.Required
+    NotRequired = typing.NotRequired
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Required(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def NotRequired(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+else:
+    class _RequiredForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Required = _RequiredForm(
+        'Required',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """)
+    NotRequired = _RequiredForm(
+        'NotRequired',
+        doc="""A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """)
+
+
+_UNPACK_DOC = """\
+Type unpack operator.
+
+The type unpack operator takes the child types from some container type,
+such as `tuple[int, str]` or a `TypeVarTuple`, and 'pulls them out'. For
+example:
+
+  # For some generic class `Foo`:
+  Foo[Unpack[tuple[int, str]]]  # Equivalent to Foo[int, str]
+
+  Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+  # Specifies that `Bar` is generic in an arbitrary number of types.
+  # (Think of `Ts` as a tuple of an arbitrary number of individual
+  #  `TypeVar`s, which the `Unpack` is 'pulling out' directly into the
+  #  `Generic[]`.)
+  class Bar(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): ...
+  Bar[int]  # Valid
+  Bar[int, str]  # Also valid
+
+From Python 3.11, this can also be done using the `*` operator:
+
+    Foo[*tuple[int, str]]
+    class Bar(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+The operator can also be used along with a `TypedDict` to annotate
+`**kwargs` in a function signature. For instance:
+
+  class Movie(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    year: int
+
+  # This function expects two keyword arguments - *name* of type `str` and
+  # *year* of type `int`.
+  def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ...
+
+Note that there is only some runtime checking of this operator. Not
+everything the runtime allows may be accepted by static type checkers.
+
+For more information, see PEP 646 and PEP 692.
+"""
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # PEP 692 changed the repr of Unpack[]
+    Unpack = typing.Unpack
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return get_origin(obj) is Unpack
+
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    class _UnpackSpecialForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, getitem):
+            super().__init__(getitem)
+            self.__doc__ = _UNPACK_DOC
+
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+    @_UnpackSpecialForm
+    def Unpack(self, parameters):
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+else:
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+    class _UnpackForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+            return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    Unpack = _UnpackForm('Unpack', doc=_UNPACK_DOC)
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):  # 3.11+
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable tuple."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVarTuple
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, default=_marker):
+            tvt = typing.TypeVarTuple(name)
+            _set_default(tvt, default)
+            _set_module(tvt)
+            return tvt
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+else:
+    class TypeVarTuple(_DefaultMixin):
+        """Type variable tuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+
+        In the same way that a normal type variable is a stand-in for a single
+        type such as ``int``, a type variable *tuple* is a stand-in for a *tuple*
+        type such as ``Tuple[int, str]``.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used in ``Generic`` declarations.
+        Consider the following example::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+        The ``Ts`` type variable tuple here behaves like ``tuple[T1, T2]``,
+        where ``T1`` and ``T2`` are type variables. To use these type variables
+        as type parameters of ``Array``, we must *unpack* the type variable tuple using
+        the star operator: ``*Ts``. The signature of ``Array`` then behaves
+        as if we had simply written ``class Array(Generic[T1, T2]): ...``.
+        In contrast to ``Generic[T1, T2]``, however, ``Generic[*Shape]`` allows
+        us to parameterise the class with an *arbitrary* number of type parameters.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used anywhere a normal ``TypeVar`` can.
+        This includes class definitions, as shown above, as well as function
+        signatures and variable annotations::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]):
+
+                def __init__(self, shape: Tuple[*Ts]):
+                    self._shape: Tuple[*Ts] = shape
+
+                def get_shape(self) -> Tuple[*Ts]:
+                    return self._shape
+
+            shape = (Height(480), Width(640))
+            x: Array[Height, Width] = Array(shape)
+            y = abs(x)  # Inferred type is Array[Height, Width]
+            z = x + x   #        ...    is Array[Height, Width]
+            x.get_shape()  #     ...    is tuple[Height, Width]
+
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            yield self.__unpacked__
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, default=_marker):
+            self.__name__ = name
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+            self.__unpacked__ = Unpack[self]
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if '_root' not in kwds:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "reveal_type"):
+    reveal_type = typing.reveal_type
+else:
+    def reveal_type(__obj: T) -> T:
+        """Reveal the inferred type of a variable.
+
+        When a static type checker encounters a call to ``reveal_type()``,
+        it will emit the inferred type of the argument::
+
+            x: int = 1
+            reveal_type(x)
+
+        Running a static type checker (e.g., ``mypy``) on this example
+        will produce output similar to 'Revealed type is "builtins.int"'.
+
+        At runtime, the function prints the runtime type of the
+        argument and returns it unchanged.
+
+        """
+        print(f"Runtime type is {type(__obj).__name__!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return __obj
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_never"):
+    assert_never = typing.assert_never
+else:
+    def assert_never(__arg: Never) -> Never:
+        """Assert to the type checker that a line of code is unreachable.
+
+        Example::
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(arg)
+
+        If a type checker finds that a call to assert_never() is
+        reachable, it will emit an error.
+
+        At runtime, this throws an exception when called.
+
+        """
+        raise AssertionError("Expected code to be unreachable")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    # dataclass_transform exists in 3.11 but lacks the frozen_default parameter
+    dataclass_transform = typing.dataclass_transform
+else:
+    def dataclass_transform(
+        *,
+        eq_default: bool = True,
+        order_default: bool = False,
+        kw_only_default: bool = False,
+        frozen_default: bool = False,
+        field_specifiers: typing.Tuple[
+            typing.Union[typing.Type[typing.Any], typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]],
+            ...
+        ] = (),
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[T], T]:
+        """Decorator that marks a function, class, or metaclass as providing
+        dataclass-like behavior.
+
+        Example:
+
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+            _T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+            # Used on a decorator function
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            def create_model(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+                ...
+                return cls
+
+            @create_model
+            class CustomerModel:
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a base class
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelBase: ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a metaclass
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelMeta(type): ...
+
+            class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+        Each of the ``CustomerModel`` classes defined in this example will now
+        behave similarly to a dataclass created with the ``@dataclasses.dataclass``
+        decorator. For example, the type checker will synthesize an ``__init__``
+        method.
+
+        The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior:
+        - ``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be
+          True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``frozen_default`` indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes
+          or functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``.
+
+        At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the
+        ``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+
+        See PEP 681 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(cls_or_fn):
+            cls_or_fn.__dataclass_transform__ = {
+                "eq_default": eq_default,
+                "order_default": order_default,
+                "kw_only_default": kw_only_default,
+                "frozen_default": frozen_default,
+                "field_specifiers": field_specifiers,
+                "kwargs": kwargs,
+            }
+            return cls_or_fn
+        return decorator
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "override"):
+    override = typing.override
+else:
+    _F = typing.TypeVar("_F", bound=typing.Callable[..., typing.Any])
+
+    def override(__arg: _F) -> _F:
+        """Indicate that a method is intended to override a method in a base class.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            class Base:
+                def method(self) -> None: ...
+                    pass
+
+            class Child(Base):
+                @override
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    super().method()
+
+        When this decorator is applied to a method, the type checker will
+        validate that it overrides a method with the same name on a base class.
+        This helps prevent bugs that may occur when a base class is changed
+        without an equivalent change to a child class.
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+
+        See PEP 698 for details.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            __arg.__override__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return __arg
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "deprecated"):
+    deprecated = typing.deprecated
+else:
+    _T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+    def deprecated(
+        __msg: str,
+        *,
+        category: typing.Optional[typing.Type[Warning]] = DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel: int = 1,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[_T], _T]:
+        """Indicate that a class, function or overload is deprecated.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            @deprecated("Use B instead")
+            class A:
+                pass
+
+            @deprecated("Use g instead")
+            def f():
+                pass
+
+            @overload
+            @deprecated("int support is deprecated")
+            def g(x: int) -> int: ...
+            @overload
+            def g(x: str) -> int: ...
+
+        When this decorator is applied to an object, the type checker
+        will generate a diagnostic on usage of the deprecated object.
+
+        The warning specified by ``category`` will be emitted on use
+        of deprecated objects. For functions, that happens on calls;
+        for classes, on instantiation. If the ``category`` is ``None``,
+        no warning is emitted. The ``stacklevel`` determines where the
+        warning is emitted. If it is ``1`` (the default), the warning
+        is emitted at the direct caller of the deprecated object; if it
+        is higher, it is emitted further up the stack.
+
+        The decorator sets the ``__deprecated__``
+        attribute on the decorated object to the deprecation message
+        passed to the decorator. If applied to an overload, the decorator
+        must be after the ``@overload`` decorator for the attribute to
+        exist on the overload as returned by ``get_overloads()``.
+
+        See PEP 702 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(__arg: _T) -> _T:
+            if category is None:
+                __arg.__deprecated__ = __msg
+                return __arg
+            elif isinstance(__arg, type):
+                original_new = __arg.__new__
+                has_init = __arg.__init__ is not object.__init__
+
+                @functools.wraps(original_new)
+                def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(__msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    if original_new is not object.__new__:
+                        return original_new(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                    # Mirrors a similar check in object.__new__.
+                    elif not has_init and (args or kwargs):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{cls.__name__}() takes no arguments")
+                    else:
+                        return original_new(cls)
+
+                __arg.__new__ = staticmethod(__new__)
+                __arg.__deprecated__ = __new__.__deprecated__ = __msg
+                return __arg
+            elif callable(__arg):
+                @functools.wraps(__arg)
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(__msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    return __arg(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                __arg.__deprecated__ = wrapper.__deprecated__ = __msg
+                return wrapper
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "@deprecated decorator with non-None category must be applied to "
+                    f"a class or callable, not {__arg!r}"
+                )
+
+        return decorator
+
+
+# We have to do some monkey patching to deal with the dual nature of
+# Unpack/TypeVarTuple:
+# - We want Unpack to be a kind of TypeVar so it gets accepted in
+#   Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+# - We want it to *not* be treated as a TypeVar for the purposes of
+#   counting generic parameters, so that when we subscript a generic,
+#   the runtime doesn't try to substitute the Unpack with the subscripted type.
+if not hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):
+    typing._collect_type_vars = _collect_type_vars
+    typing._check_generic = _check_generic
+
+
+# Backport typing.NamedTuple as it exists in Python 3.12.
+# In 3.11, the ability to define generic `NamedTuple`s was supported.
+# This was explicitly disallowed in 3.9-3.10, and only half-worked in <=3.8.
+# On 3.12, we added __orig_bases__ to call-based NamedTuples
+# On 3.13, we deprecated kwargs-based NamedTuples
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    NamedTuple = typing.NamedTuple
+else:
+    def _make_nmtuple(name, types, module, defaults=()):
+        fields = [n for n, t in types]
+        annotations = {n: typing._type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
+                       for n, t in types}
+        nm_tpl = collections.namedtuple(name, fields,
+                                        defaults=defaults, module=module)
+        nm_tpl.__annotations__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotations__ = annotations
+        # The `_field_types` attribute was removed in 3.9;
+        # in earlier versions, it is the same as the `__annotations__` attribute
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+            nm_tpl._field_types = annotations
+        return nm_tpl
+
+    _prohibited_namedtuple_fields = typing._prohibited
+    _special_namedtuple_fields = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__'})
+
+    class _NamedTupleMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
+            assert _NamedTuple in bases
+            for base in bases:
+                if base is not _NamedTuple and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic')
+            bases = tuple(tuple if base is _NamedTuple else base for base in bases)
+            types = ns.get('__annotations__', {})
+            default_names = []
+            for field_name in types:
+                if field_name in ns:
+                    default_names.append(field_name)
+                elif default_names:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Non-default namedtuple field {field_name} "
+                                    f"cannot follow default field"
+                                    f"{'s' if len(default_names) > 1 else ''} "
+                                    f"{', '.join(default_names)}")
+            nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(
+                typename, types.items(),
+                defaults=[ns[n] for n in default_names],
+                module=ns['__module__']
+            )
+            nm_tpl.__bases__ = bases
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                if hasattr(typing, '_generic_class_getitem'):  # 3.12+
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(typing._generic_class_getitem)
+                else:
+                    class_getitem = typing.Generic.__class_getitem__.__func__
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(class_getitem)
+            # update from user namespace without overriding special namedtuple attributes
+            for key in ns:
+                if key in _prohibited_namedtuple_fields:
+                    raise AttributeError("Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute " + key)
+                elif key not in _special_namedtuple_fields and key not in nm_tpl._fields:
+                    setattr(nm_tpl, key, ns[key])
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                nm_tpl.__init_subclass__()
+            return nm_tpl
+
+    _NamedTuple = type.__new__(_NamedTupleMeta, 'NamedTuple', (), {})
+
+    def _namedtuple_mro_entries(bases):
+        assert NamedTuple in bases
+        return (_NamedTuple,)
+
+    @_ensure_subclassable(_namedtuple_mro_entries)
+    def NamedTuple(__typename, __fields=_marker, **kwargs):
+        """Typed version of namedtuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Employee(NamedTuple):
+                name: str
+                id: int
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])
+
+        The resulting class has an extra __annotations__ attribute, giving a
+        dict that maps field names to types.  (The field names are also in
+        the _fields attribute, which is part of the namedtuple API.)
+        An alternative equivalent functional syntax is also accepted::
+
+            Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
+        """
+        if __fields is _marker:
+            if kwargs:
+                deprecated_thing = "Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "Use the class-based or functional syntax instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{__typename} = NamedTuple({__typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif __fields is None:
+            if kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Cannot pass `None` as the 'fields' parameter "
+                    "and also specify fields using keyword arguments"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{__typename} = NamedTuple({__typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("Either list of fields or keywords"
+                            " can be provided to NamedTuple, not both")
+        if __fields is _marker or __fields is None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                deprecation_msg.format(name=deprecated_thing, remove="3.15"),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            __fields = kwargs.items()
+        nt = _make_nmtuple(__typename, __fields, module=_caller())
+        nt.__orig_bases__ = (NamedTuple,)
+        return nt
+
+    # On 3.8+, alter the signature so that it matches typing.NamedTuple.
+    # The signature of typing.NamedTuple on >=3.8 is invalid syntax in Python 3.7,
+    # so just leave the signature as it is on 3.7.
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        _new_signature = '(typename, fields=None, /, **kwargs)'
+        if isinstance(NamedTuple, _types.FunctionType):
+            NamedTuple.__text_signature__ = _new_signature
+        else:
+            NamedTuple.__call__.__text_signature__ = _new_signature
+
+
+if hasattr(collections.abc, "Buffer"):
+    Buffer = collections.abc.Buffer
+else:
+    class Buffer(abc.ABC):
+        """Base class for classes that implement the buffer protocol.
+
+        The buffer protocol allows Python objects to expose a low-level
+        memory buffer interface. Before Python 3.12, it is not possible
+        to implement the buffer protocol in pure Python code, or even
+        to check whether a class implements the buffer protocol. In
+        Python 3.12 and higher, the ``__buffer__`` method allows access
+        to the buffer protocol from Python code, and the
+        ``collections.abc.Buffer`` ABC allows checking whether a class
+        implements the buffer protocol.
+
+        To indicate support for the buffer protocol in earlier versions,
+        inherit from this ABC, either in a stub file or at runtime,
+        or use ABC registration. This ABC provides no methods, because
+        there is no Python-accessible methods shared by pre-3.12 buffer
+        classes. It is useful primarily for static checks.
+
+        """
+
+    # As a courtesy, register the most common stdlib buffer classes.
+    Buffer.register(memoryview)
+    Buffer.register(bytearray)
+    Buffer.register(bytes)
+
+
+# Backport of types.get_original_bases, available on 3.12+ in CPython
+if hasattr(_types, "get_original_bases"):
+    get_original_bases = _types.get_original_bases
+else:
+    def get_original_bases(__cls):
+        """Return the class's "original" bases prior to modification by `__mro_entries__`.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            from typing import TypeVar, Generic
+            from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            class Foo(Generic[T]): ...
+            class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...
+            class Baz(list[str]): ...
+            Eggs = NamedTuple("Eggs", [("a", int), ("b", str)])
+            Spam = TypedDict("Spam", {"a": int, "b": str})
+
+            assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)
+            assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)
+            assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)
+            assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)
+            assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)
+        """
+        try:
+            return __cls.__orig_bases__
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                return __cls.__bases__
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'Expected an instance of type, not {type(__cls).__name__!r}'
+                ) from None
+
+
+# NewType is a class on Python 3.10+, making it pickleable
+# The error message for subclassing instances of NewType was improved on 3.11+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    NewType = typing.NewType
+else:
+    class NewType:
+        """NewType creates simple unique types with almost zero
+        runtime overhead. NewType(name, tp) is considered a subtype of tp
+        by static type checkers. At runtime, NewType(name, tp) returns
+        a dummy callable that simply returns its argument. Usage::
+            UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
+            def name_by_id(user_id: UserId) -> str:
+                ...
+            UserId('user')          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(42)          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(UserId(42))  # OK
+            num = UserId(5) + 1     # type: int
+        """
+
+        def __call__(self, obj):
+            return obj
+
+        def __init__(self, name, tp):
+            self.__qualname__ = name
+            if '.' in name:
+                name = name.rpartition('.')[-1]
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__supertype__ = tp
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            # We defined __mro_entries__ to get a better error message
+            # if a user attempts to subclass a NewType instance. bpo-46170
+            supercls_name = self.__name__
+
+            class Dummy:
+                def __init_subclass__(cls):
+                    subcls_name = cls.__name__
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot subclass an instance of NewType. "
+                        f"Perhaps you were looking for: "
+                        f"`{subcls_name} = NewType({subcls_name!r}, {supercls_name})`"
+                    )
+
+            return (Dummy,)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f'{self.__module__}.{self.__qualname__}'
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__qualname__
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            # PEP 604 methods
+            # It doesn't make sense to have these methods on Python <3.10
+
+            def __or__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+            def __ror__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+    TypeAliasType = typing.TypeAliasType
+else:
+    def _is_unionable(obj):
+        """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+        return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+            type,
+            _types.GenericAlias,
+            _types.UnionType,
+            TypeAliasType,
+        ))
+
+    class TypeAliasType:
+        """Create named, parameterized type aliases.
+
+        This provides a backport of the new `type` statement in Python 3.12:
+
+            type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]
+
+        is equivalent to:
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            ListOrSet = TypeAliasType("ListOrSet", list[T] | set[T], type_params=(T,))
+
+        The name ListOrSet can then be used as an alias for the type it refers to.
+
+        The type_params argument should contain all the type parameters used
+        in the value of the type alias. If the alias is not generic, this
+        argument is omitted.
+
+        Static type checkers should only support type aliases declared using
+        TypeAliasType that follow these rules:
+
+        - The first argument (the name) must be a string literal.
+        - The TypeAliasType instance must be immediately assigned to a variable
+          of the same name. (For example, 'X = TypeAliasType("Y", int)' is invalid,
+          as is 'X, Y = TypeAliasType("X", int), TypeAliasType("Y", int)').
+
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, value, *, type_params=()):
+            if not isinstance(name, str):
+                raise TypeError("TypeAliasType name must be a string")
+            self.__value__ = value
+            self.__type_params__ = type_params
+
+            parameters = []
+            for type_param in type_params:
+                if isinstance(type_param, TypeVarTuple):
+                    parameters.extend(type_param)
+                else:
+                    parameters.append(type_param)
+            self.__parameters__ = tuple(parameters)
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+            # Setting this attribute closes the TypeAliasType from further modification
+            self.__name__ = name
+
+        def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: object) -> None:
+            if hasattr(self, "__name__"):
+                self._raise_attribute_error(__name)
+            super().__setattr__(__name, __value)
+
+        def __delattr__(self, __name: str) -> Never:
+            self._raise_attribute_error(__name)
+
+        def _raise_attribute_error(self, name: str) -> Never:
+            # Match the Python 3.12 error messages exactly
+            if name == "__name__":
+                raise AttributeError("readonly attribute")
+            elif name in {"__value__", "__type_params__", "__parameters__", "__module__"}:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"attribute '{name}' of 'typing.TypeAliasType' objects "
+                    "is not writable"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"'typing.TypeAliasType' object has no attribute '{name}'"
+                )
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+            parameters = [
+                typing._type_check(
+                    item, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                )
+                for item in parameters
+            ]
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, tuple(parameters))
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "type 'typing_extensions.TypeAliasType' is not an acceptable base type"
+            )
+
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that TypeAliasTypes are types.
+        def __call__(self):
+            raise TypeError("Type alias is not callable")
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def __or__(self, right):
+                # For forward compatibility with 3.12, reject Unions
+                # that are not accepted by the built-in Union.
+                if not _is_unionable(right):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[self, right]
+
+            def __ror__(self, left):
+                if not _is_unionable(left):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[left, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "is_protocol"):
+    is_protocol = typing.is_protocol
+    get_protocol_members = typing.get_protocol_members
+else:
+    def is_protocol(__tp: type) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the given type is a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, is_protocol
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> is_protocol(P)
+            True
+            >>> is_protocol(int)
+            False
+        """
+        return (
+            isinstance(__tp, type)
+            and getattr(__tp, '_is_protocol', False)
+            and __tp is not Protocol
+            and __tp is not getattr(typing, "Protocol", object())
+        )
+
+    def get_protocol_members(__tp: type) -> typing.FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Return the set of members defined in a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, get_protocol_members
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> get_protocol_members(P)
+            frozenset({'a', 'b'})
+
+        Raise a TypeError for arguments that are not Protocols.
+        """
+        if not is_protocol(__tp):
+            raise TypeError(f'{__tp!r} is not a Protocol')
+        if hasattr(__tp, '__protocol_attrs__'):
+            return frozenset(__tp.__protocol_attrs__)
+        return frozenset(_get_protocol_attrs(__tp))
+
+
+# Aliases for items that have always been in typing.
+# Explicitly assign these (rather than using `from typing import *` at the top),
+# so that we get a CI error if one of these is deleted from typing.py
+# in a future version of Python
+AbstractSet = typing.AbstractSet
+AnyStr = typing.AnyStr
+BinaryIO = typing.BinaryIO
+Callable = typing.Callable
+Collection = typing.Collection
+Container = typing.Container
+Dict = typing.Dict
+ForwardRef = typing.ForwardRef
+FrozenSet = typing.FrozenSet
+Generator = typing.Generator
+Generic = typing.Generic
+Hashable = typing.Hashable
+IO = typing.IO
+ItemsView = typing.ItemsView
+Iterable = typing.Iterable
+Iterator = typing.Iterator
+KeysView = typing.KeysView
+List = typing.List
+Mapping = typing.Mapping
+MappingView = typing.MappingView
+Match = typing.Match
+MutableMapping = typing.MutableMapping
+MutableSequence = typing.MutableSequence
+MutableSet = typing.MutableSet
+Optional = typing.Optional
+Pattern = typing.Pattern
+Reversible = typing.Reversible
+Sequence = typing.Sequence
+Set = typing.Set
+Sized = typing.Sized
+TextIO = typing.TextIO
+Tuple = typing.Tuple
+Union = typing.Union
+ValuesView = typing.ValuesView
+cast = typing.cast
+no_type_check = typing.no_type_check
+no_type_check_decorator = typing.no_type_check_decorator
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fa382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""
+Python HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, user friendly, and more
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+import logging
+import warnings
+from logging import NullHandler
+
+from . import exceptions
+from ._version import __version__
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, connection_from_url
+from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from .poolmanager import PoolManager, ProxyManager, proxy_from_url
+from .response import HTTPResponse
+from .util.request import make_headers
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.timeout import Timeout
+from .util.url import get_host
+
+# === NOTE TO REPACKAGERS AND VENDORS ===
+# Please delete this block, this logic is only
+# for urllib3 being distributed via PyPI.
+# See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680
+try:
+    import urllib3_secure_extra  # type: ignore # noqa: F401
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    warnings.warn(
+        "'urllib3[secure]' extra is deprecated and will be removed "
+        "in a future release of urllib3 2.x. Read more in this issue: "
+        "https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
+        category=DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+__author__ = "Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+__version__ = __version__
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HTTPConnectionPool",
+    "HTTPSConnectionPool",
+    "PoolManager",
+    "ProxyManager",
+    "HTTPResponse",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "add_stderr_logger",
+    "connection_from_url",
+    "disable_warnings",
+    "encode_multipart_formdata",
+    "get_host",
+    "make_headers",
+    "proxy_from_url",
+)
+
+logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+
+def add_stderr_logger(level=logging.DEBUG):
+    """
+    Helper for quickly adding a StreamHandler to the logger. Useful for
+    debugging.
+
+    Returns the handler after adding it.
+    """
+    # This method needs to be in this __init__.py to get the __name__ correct
+    # even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s"))
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.setLevel(level)
+    logger.debug("Added a stderr logging handler to logger: %s", __name__)
+    return handler
+
+
+# ... Clean up.
+del NullHandler
+
+
+# All warning filters *must* be appended unless you're really certain that they
+# shouldn't be: otherwise, it's very hard for users to use most Python
+# mechanisms to silence them.
+# SecurityWarning's always go off by default.
+warnings.simplefilter("always", exceptions.SecurityWarning, append=True)
+# SubjectAltNameWarning's should go off once per host
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SubjectAltNameWarning, append=True)
+# InsecurePlatformWarning's don't vary between requests, so we keep it default.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.InsecurePlatformWarning, append=True)
+# SNIMissingWarnings should go off only once.
+warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.SNIMissingWarning, append=True)
+
+
+def disable_warnings(category=exceptions.HTTPWarning):
+    """
+    Helper for quickly disabling all urllib3 warnings.
+    """
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bceb845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_collections.py
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
+except ImportError:
+    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
+try:
+    from threading import RLock
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: No threads available
+
+    class RLock:
+        def __enter__(self):
+            pass
+
+        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+            pass
+
+
+from collections import OrderedDict
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six import iterkeys, itervalues
+
+__all__ = ["RecentlyUsedContainer", "HTTPHeaderDict"]
+
+
+_Null = object()
+
+
+class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
+    ``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
+    ``maxsize``.
+
+    :param maxsize:
+        Maximum number of recent elements to retain.
+
+    :param dispose_func:
+        Every time an item is evicted from the container,
+        ``dispose_func(value)`` is called.  Callback which will get called
+    """
+
+    ContainerCls = OrderedDict
+
+    def __init__(self, maxsize=10, dispose_func=None):
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+        self.dispose_func = dispose_func
+
+        self._container = self.ContainerCls()
+        self.lock = RLock()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
+        with self.lock:
+            item = self._container.pop(key)
+            self._container[key] = item
+            return item
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        evicted_value = _Null
+        with self.lock:
+            # Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
+            evicted_value = self._container.get(key, _Null)
+            self._container[key] = value
+
+            # If we didn't evict an existing value, we might have to evict the
+            # least recently used item from the beginning of the container.
+            if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
+                _key, evicted_value = self._container.popitem(last=False)
+
+        if self.dispose_func and evicted_value is not _Null:
+            self.dispose_func(evicted_value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        with self.lock:
+            value = self._container.pop(key)
+
+        if self.dispose_func:
+            self.dispose_func(value)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            return len(self._container)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe."
+        )
+
+    def clear(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            # Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
+            values = list(itervalues(self._container))
+            self._container.clear()
+
+        if self.dispose_func:
+            for value in values:
+                self.dispose_func(value)
+
+    def keys(self):
+        with self.lock:
+            return list(iterkeys(self._container))
+
+
+class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    :param headers:
+        An iterable of field-value pairs. Must not contain multiple field names
+        when compared case-insensitively.
+
+    :param kwargs:
+        Additional field-value pairs to pass in to ``dict.update``.
+
+    A ``dict`` like container for storing HTTP Headers.
+
+    Field names are stored and compared case-insensitively in compliance with
+    RFC 7230. Iteration provides the first case-sensitive key seen for each
+    case-insensitive pair.
+
+    Using ``__setitem__`` syntax overwrites fields that compare equal
+    case-insensitively in order to maintain ``dict``'s api. For fields that
+    compare equal, instead create a new ``HTTPHeaderDict`` and use ``.add``
+    in a loop.
+
+    If multiple fields that are equal case-insensitively are passed to the
+    constructor or ``.update``, the behavior is undefined and some will be
+    lost.
+
+    >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
+    >>> headers.add('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar')
+    >>> headers.add('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')
+    >>> headers['content-length'] = '7'
+    >>> headers['SET-cookie']
+    'foo=bar, baz=quxx'
+    >>> headers['Content-Length']
+    '7'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, headers=None, **kwargs):
+        super(HTTPHeaderDict, self).__init__()
+        self._container = OrderedDict()
+        if headers is not None:
+            if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+                self._copy_from(headers)
+            else:
+                self.extend(headers)
+        if kwargs:
+            self.extend(kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
+        self._container[key.lower()] = [key, val]
+        return self._container[key.lower()]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        val = self._container[key.lower()]
+        return ", ".join(val[1:])
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._container[key.lower()]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key.lower() in self._container
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping) and not hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            return False
+        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = type(self)(other)
+        return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in self.itermerged()) == dict(
+            (k.lower(), v) for k, v in other.itermerged()
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2
+        iterkeys = MutableMapping.iterkeys
+        itervalues = MutableMapping.itervalues
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._container)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Only provide the originally cased names
+        for vals in self._container.values():
+            yield vals[0]
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+        """D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
+        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
+        """
+        # Using the MutableMapping function directly fails due to the private marker.
+        # Using ordinary dict.pop would expose the internal structures.
+        # So let's reinvent the wheel.
+        try:
+            value = self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                raise
+            return default
+        else:
+            del self[key]
+            return value
+
+    def discard(self, key):
+        try:
+            del self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def add(self, key, val):
+        """Adds a (name, value) pair, doesn't overwrite the value if it already
+        exists.
+
+        >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict(foo='bar')
+        >>> headers.add('Foo', 'baz')
+        >>> headers['foo']
+        'bar, baz'
+        """
+        key_lower = key.lower()
+        new_vals = [key, val]
+        # Keep the common case aka no item present as fast as possible
+        vals = self._container.setdefault(key_lower, new_vals)
+        if new_vals is not vals:
+            vals.append(val)
+
+    def extend(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Generic import function for any type of header-like object.
+        Adapted version of MutableMapping.update in order to insert items
+        with self.add instead of self.__setitem__
+        """
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "extend() takes at most 1 positional "
+                "arguments ({0} given)".format(len(args))
+            )
+        other = args[0] if len(args) >= 1 else ()
+
+        if isinstance(other, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            for key, val in other.iteritems():
+                self.add(key, val)
+        elif isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            for key in other:
+                self.add(key, other[key])
+        elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
+            for key in other.keys():
+                self.add(key, other[key])
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self.add(key, value)
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            self.add(key, value)
+
+    def getlist(self, key, default=__marker):
+        """Returns a list of all the values for the named field. Returns an
+        empty list if the key doesn't exist."""
+        try:
+            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            if default is self.__marker:
+                return []
+            return default
+        else:
+            return vals[1:]
+
+    def _prepare_for_method_change(self):
+        """
+        Remove content-specific header fields before changing the request
+        method to GET or HEAD according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.
+        """
+        content_specific_headers = [
+            "Content-Encoding",
+            "Content-Language",
+            "Content-Location",
+            "Content-Type",
+            "Content-Length",
+            "Digest",
+            "Last-Modified",
+        ]
+        for header in content_specific_headers:
+            self.discard(header)
+        return self
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for httplib
+    getheaders = getlist
+    getallmatchingheaders = getlist
+    iget = getlist
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
+    get_all = getlist
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(%s)" % (type(self).__name__, dict(self.itermerged()))
+
+    def _copy_from(self, other):
+        for key in other:
+            val = other.getlist(key)
+            if isinstance(val, list):
+                # Don't need to convert tuples
+                val = list(val)
+            self._container[key.lower()] = [key] + val
+
+    def copy(self):
+        clone = type(self)()
+        clone._copy_from(self)
+        return clone
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        """Iterate over all header lines, including duplicate ones."""
+        for key in self:
+            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
+            for val in vals[1:]:
+                yield vals[0], val
+
+    def itermerged(self):
+        """Iterate over all headers, merging duplicate ones together."""
+        for key in self:
+            val = self._container[key.lower()]
+            yield val[0], ", ".join(val[1:])
+
+    def items(self):
+        return list(self.iteritems())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_httplib(cls, message):  # Python 2
+        """Read headers from a Python 2 httplib message object."""
+        # python2.7 does not expose a proper API for exporting multiheaders
+        # efficiently. This function re-reads raw lines from the message
+        # object and extracts the multiheaders properly.
+        obs_fold_continued_leaders = (" ", "\t")
+        headers = []
+
+        for line in message.headers:
+            if line.startswith(obs_fold_continued_leaders):
+                if not headers:
+                    # We received a header line that starts with OWS as described
+                    # in RFC-7230 S3.2.4. This indicates a multiline header, but
+                    # there exists no previous header to which we can attach it.
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Header continuation with no previous header: %s" % line
+                    )
+                else:
+                    key, value = headers[-1]
+                    headers[-1] = (key, value + " " + line.strip())
+                    continue
+
+            key, value = line.split(":", 1)
+            headers.append((key, value.strip()))
+
+        return cls(headers)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad75fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# This file is protected via CODEOWNERS
+__version__ = "1.26.17"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54b96b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import socket
+import warnings
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException  # noqa: F401
+from .util.proxy import create_proxy_ssl_context
+
+try:  # Compiled with SSL?
+    import ssl
+
+    BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
+except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # Platform-specific: No SSL.
+    ssl = None
+
+    class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    # Python 3: not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
+    ConnectionError = ConnectionError
+except NameError:
+    # Python 2
+    class ConnectionError(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+try:  # Python 3:
+    # Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
+    BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
+except NameError:  # Python 2:
+
+    class BrokenPipeError(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict  # noqa (historical, removed in v2)
+from ._version import __version__
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+    SystemTimeWarning,
+)
+from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection
+from .util.ssl_ import (
+    assert_fingerprint,
+    create_urllib3_context,
+    is_ipaddress,
+    resolve_cert_reqs,
+    resolve_ssl_version,
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
+)
+from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
+
+# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
+# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
+RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2022, 1, 1)
+
+_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
+    """
+    Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
+    backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.
+
+    Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
+    Accepted parameters include:
+
+    - ``strict``: See the documentation on :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
+    - ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
+    - ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
+      defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
+      Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.
+
+      For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
+      you might pass:
+
+      .. code-block:: python
+
+         HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
+             (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
+         ]
+
+      Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
+    """
+
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]
+
+    #: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
+    #: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
+    default_socket_options = [(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]
+
+    #: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
+    is_verified = False
+
+    #: Whether this proxy connection (if used) verifies the proxy host's
+    #: certificate.
+    proxy_is_verified = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        if not six.PY2:
+            kw.pop("strict", None)
+
+        # Pre-set source_address.
+        self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")
+
+        #: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
+        #: provided, we use the default options.
+        self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)
+
+        # Proxy options provided by the user.
+        self.proxy = kw.pop("proxy", None)
+        self.proxy_config = kw.pop("proxy_config", None)
+
+        _HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def host(self):
+        """
+        Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.
+
+        In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
+        fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
+        checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
+        servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.
+
+        However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
+        lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
+        whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
+        list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
+        those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
+        actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
+        """
+        return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")
+
+    @host.setter
+    def host(self, value):
+        """
+        Setter for the `host` property.
+
+        We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
+        only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
+        """
+        self._dns_host = value
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
+
+        :return: New socket connection.
+        """
+        extra_kw = {}
+        if self.source_address:
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
+
+        if self.socket_options:
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
+
+        try:
+            conn = connection.create_connection(
+                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
+            )
+
+        except SocketTimeout:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
+
+        except SocketError as e:
+            raise NewConnectionError(
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+    def _is_using_tunnel(self):
+        # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
+        return getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None)
+
+    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
+        self.sock = conn
+        if self._is_using_tunnel():
+            # TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
+            self._tunnel()
+            # Mark this connection as not reusable
+            self.auto_open = 0
+
+    def connect(self):
+        conn = self._new_conn()
+        self._prepare_conn(conn)
+
+    def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
+        """ """
+        # Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
+        # is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
+        match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
+        if match:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Method cannot contain non-token characters %r (found at least %r)"
+                % (method, match.group())
+            )
+
+        return _HTTPConnection.putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def putheader(self, header, *values):
+        """ """
+        if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
+            _HTTPConnection.putheader(self, header, *values)
+        elif six.ensure_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '%s'"
+                % ("', '".join(map(str.title, sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS))),)
+            )
+
+    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        # Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
+        # This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
+        if getattr(self, "sock", None) is not None:
+            self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        else:
+            # Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request()
+            headers = headers.copy()
+        if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers):
+            headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent()
+        super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
+
+    def request_chunked(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        """
+        Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
+        body with chunked encoding and not as one block
+        """
+        headers = headers or {}
+        header_keys = set([six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers])
+        skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
+        skip_host = "host" in header_keys
+        self.putrequest(
+            method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
+        )
+        if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
+            self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
+        for header, value in headers.items():
+            self.putheader(header, value)
+        if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
+            self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
+        self.endheaders()
+
+        if body is not None:
+            stringish_types = six.string_types + (bytes,)
+            if isinstance(body, stringish_types):
+                body = (body,)
+            for chunk in body:
+                if not chunk:
+                    continue
+                if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
+                    chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
+                len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
+                to_send = bytearray(len_str.encode())
+                to_send += b"\r\n"
+                to_send += chunk
+                to_send += b"\r\n"
+                self.send(to_send)
+
+        # After the if clause, to always have a closed body
+        self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+
+
+class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    """
+    Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
+    socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
+    """
+
+    default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]
+
+    cert_reqs = None
+    ca_certs = None
+    ca_cert_dir = None
+    ca_cert_data = None
+    ssl_version = None
+    assert_fingerprint = None
+    tls_in_tls_required = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        strict=None,
+        timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        ssl_context=None,
+        server_hostname=None,
+        **kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
+        self.server_hostname = server_hostname
+
+        # Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
+        # HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
+        self._protocol = "https"
+
+    def set_cert(
+        self,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        ca_cert_data=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
+        """
+        # If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
+        # have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
+        if cert_reqs is None:
+            if self.ssl_context is not None:
+                cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
+            else:
+                cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
+        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
+        self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
+        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
+        self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data
+
+    def connect(self):
+        # Add certificate verification
+        self.sock = conn = self._new_conn()
+        hostname = self.host
+        tls_in_tls = False
+
+        if self._is_using_tunnel():
+            if self.tls_in_tls_required:
+                self.sock = conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
+                tls_in_tls = True
+
+            # Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
+            # self._tunnel_host below.
+            self._tunnel()
+            # Mark this connection as not reusable
+            self.auto_open = 0
+
+            # Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
+            hostname = self._tunnel_host
+
+        server_hostname = hostname
+        if self.server_hostname is not None:
+            server_hostname = self.server_hostname
+
+        is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
+        if is_time_off:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
+                    "lead to SSL verification errors"
+                ).format(RECENT_DATE),
+                SystemTimeWarning,
+            )
+
+        # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
+        # trusted_root_certs
+        default_ssl_context = False
+        if self.ssl_context is None:
+            default_ssl_context = True
+            self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
+                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
+                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
+            )
+
+        context = self.ssl_context
+        context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)
+
+        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
+        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
+        if (
+            not self.ca_certs
+            and not self.ca_cert_dir
+            and not self.ca_cert_data
+            and default_ssl_context
+            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
+        ):
+            context.load_default_certs()
+
+        self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
+            sock=conn,
+            keyfile=self.key_file,
+            certfile=self.cert_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            ssl_context=context,
+            tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
+        )
+
+        # If we're using all defaults and the connection
+        # is TLSv1 or TLSv1.1 we throw a DeprecationWarning
+        # for the host.
+        if (
+            default_ssl_context
+            and self.ssl_version is None
+            and hasattr(self.sock, "version")
+            and self.sock.version() in {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1"}
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Negotiating TLSv1/TLSv1.1 by default is deprecated "
+                "and will be disabled in urllib3 v2.0.0. Connecting to "
+                "'%s' with '%s' can be enabled by explicitly opting-in "
+                "with 'ssl_version'" % (self.host, self.sock.version()),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+
+        if self.assert_fingerprint:
+            assert_fingerprint(
+                self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
+            )
+        elif (
+            context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
+            and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
+            and self.assert_hostname is not False
+        ):
+            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
+            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
+            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
+            cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+                )
+            _match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)
+
+        self.is_verified = (
+            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+            or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
+        )
+
+    def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname, conn):
+        """
+        Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
+        """
+        proxy_config = self.proxy_config
+        ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
+        if ssl_context:
+            # If the user provided a proxy context, we assume CA and client
+            # certificates have already been set
+            return ssl_wrap_socket(
+                sock=conn,
+                server_hostname=hostname,
+                ssl_context=ssl_context,
+            )
+
+        ssl_context = create_proxy_ssl_context(
+            self.ssl_version,
+            self.cert_reqs,
+            self.ca_certs,
+            self.ca_cert_dir,
+            self.ca_cert_data,
+        )
+
+        # If no cert was provided, use only the default options for server
+        # certificate validation
+        socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
+            sock=conn,
+            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
+            server_hostname=hostname,
+            ssl_context=ssl_context,
+        )
+
+        if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE and not getattr(
+            ssl_context, "check_hostname", False
+        ):
+            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
+            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
+            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
+            cert = socket.getpeercert()
+            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    (
+                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
+                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
+                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
+                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
+                    ),
+                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
+                )
+            _match_hostname(cert, hostname)
+
+        self.proxy_is_verified = ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        return socket
+
+
+def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
+    # Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
+    # only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
+    # match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
+    stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("u[]")
+    if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
+        asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname
+
+    try:
+        match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
+    except CertificateError as e:
+        log.warning(
+            "Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
+            asserted_hostname,
+            cert,
+        )
+        # Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
+        # the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
+        e._peer_cert = cert
+        raise
+
+
+def _get_default_user_agent():
+    return "python-urllib3/%s" % __version__
+
+
+class DummyConnection(object):
+    """Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+if not ssl:
+    HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection  # noqa: F811
+
+
+VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a6adcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import errno
+import logging
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+import warnings
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
+from .connection import (
+    BaseSSLError,
+    BrokenPipeError,
+    DummyConnection,
+    HTTPConnection,
+    HTTPException,
+    HTTPSConnection,
+    VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
+    port_by_scheme,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    ClosedPoolError,
+    EmptyPoolError,
+    HeaderParsingError,
+    HostChangedError,
+    InsecureRequestWarning,
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    NewConnectionError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    SSLError,
+    TimeoutError,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves import queue
+from .request import RequestMethods
+from .response import HTTPResponse
+from .util.connection import is_connection_dropped
+from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
+from .util.queue import LifoQueue
+from .util.request import set_file_position
+from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError
+from .util.timeout import Timeout
+from .util.url import Url, _encode_target
+from .util.url import _normalize_host as normalize_host
+from .util.url import get_host, parse_url
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    import weakref
+
+    weakref_finalize = weakref.finalize
+except AttributeError:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from .packages.backports.weakref_finalize import weakref_finalize
+
+xrange = six.moves.xrange
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_Default = object()
+
+
+# Pool objects
+class ConnectionPool(object):
+    """
+    Base class for all connection pools, such as
+    :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.
+
+    .. note::
+       ConnectionPool.urlopen() does not normalize or percent-encode target URIs
+       which is useful if your target server doesn't support percent-encoded
+       target URIs.
+    """
+
+    scheme = None
+    QueueCls = LifoQueue
+
+    def __init__(self, host, port=None):
+        if not host:
+            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
+
+        self.host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=self.scheme)
+        self._proxy_host = host.lower()
+        self.port = port
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.close()
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
+_blocking_errnos = {errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK}
+
+
+class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Thread-safe connection pool for one host.
+
+    :param host:
+        Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+    :param port:
+        Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
+        into :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+    :param strict:
+        Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
+        as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.
+
+        .. note::
+           Only works in Python 2. This parameter is ignored in Python 3.
+
+    :param timeout:
+        Socket timeout in seconds for each individual connection. This can
+        be a float or integer, which sets the timeout for the HTTP request,
+        or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` which gives you more
+        fine-grained control over request timeouts. After the constructor has
+        been parsed, this is always a `urllib3.util.Timeout` object.
+
+    :param maxsize:
+        Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
+        in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to False, more
+        connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
+        been used.
+
+    :param block:
+        If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
+        a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
+        until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
+        particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
+        than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+
+    :param retries:
+        Retry configuration to use by default with requests in this pool.
+
+    :param _proxy:
+        Parsed proxy URL, should not be used directly, instead, see
+        :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`
+
+    :param _proxy_headers:
+        A dictionary with proxy headers, should not be used directly,
+        instead, see :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`
+
+    :param \\**conn_kw:
+        Additional parameters are used to create fresh :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection`,
+        :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
+    """
+
+    scheme = "http"
+    ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
+    ResponseCls = HTTPResponse
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        _proxy_config=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+        ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+
+        self.strict = strict
+
+        if not isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            timeout = Timeout.from_float(timeout)
+
+        if retries is None:
+            retries = Retry.DEFAULT
+
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.retries = retries
+
+        self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
+        self.block = block
+
+        self.proxy = _proxy
+        self.proxy_headers = _proxy_headers or {}
+        self.proxy_config = _proxy_config
+
+        # Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
+        for _ in xrange(maxsize):
+            self.pool.put(None)
+
+        # These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
+        self.num_connections = 0
+        self.num_requests = 0
+        self.conn_kw = conn_kw
+
+        if self.proxy:
+            # Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
+            # We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
+            # list.
+            self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])
+
+            self.conn_kw["proxy"] = self.proxy
+            self.conn_kw["proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
+
+        # Do not pass 'self' as callback to 'finalize'.
+        # Then the 'finalize' would keep an endless living (leak) to self.
+        # By just passing a reference to the pool allows the garbage collector
+        # to free self if nobody else has a reference to it.
+        pool = self.pool
+
+        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool before the
+        # HTTPConnectionPool object is garbage collected.
+        weakref_finalize(self, _close_pool_connections, pool)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
+        """
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "80",
+        )
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=self.host,
+            port=self.port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
+        return conn
+
+    def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
+        """
+        Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.
+
+        If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
+        fresh connection is returned.
+
+        :param timeout:
+            Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
+            :class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
+            :prop:`.block` is ``True``.
+        """
+        conn = None
+        try:
+            conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)
+
+        except AttributeError:  # self.pool is None
+            raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")
+
+        except queue.Empty:
+            if self.block:
+                raise EmptyPoolError(
+                    self,
+                    "Pool reached maximum size and no more connections are allowed.",
+                )
+            pass  # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then
+
+        # If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
+        if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
+            log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
+            conn.close()
+            if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
+                # This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
+                # http.client._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
+                # attempt to bypass the proxy)
+                conn = None
+
+        return conn or self._new_conn()
+
+    def _put_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Put a connection back into the pool.
+
+        :param conn:
+            Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
+            :meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.
+
+        If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
+        because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
+        then maxsize should be increased.
+
+        If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
+            return  # Everything is dandy, done.
+        except AttributeError:
+            # self.pool is None.
+            pass
+        except queue.Full:
+            # This should never happen if self.block == True
+            log.warning(
+                "Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s. Connection pool size: %s",
+                self.host,
+                self.pool.qsize(),
+            )
+        # Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
+        if conn:
+            conn.close()
+
+    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
+        # Nothing to do for HTTP connections.
+        pass
+
+    def _get_timeout(self, timeout):
+        """Helper that always returns a :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`"""
+        if timeout is _Default:
+            return self.timeout.clone()
+
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            return timeout.clone()
+        else:
+            # User passed us an int/float. This is for backwards compatibility,
+            # can be removed later
+            return Timeout.from_float(timeout)
+
+    def _raise_timeout(self, err, url, timeout_value):
+        """Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""
+
+        if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+        # See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
+        # to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
+        if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+        # Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
+        # case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
+        # http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
+        if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
+            err
+        ):  # Python < 2.7.4
+            raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
+            )
+
+    def _make_request(
+        self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
+        pool.
+
+        :param conn:
+            a connection from one of our connection pools
+
+        :param timeout:
+            Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
+            float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
+            the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
+            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
+            control over your timeouts.
+        """
+        self.num_requests += 1
+
+        timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
+        timeout_obj.start_connect()
+        conn.timeout = Timeout.resolve_default_timeout(timeout_obj.connect_timeout)
+
+        # Trigger any extra validation we need to do.
+        try:
+            self._validate_conn(conn)
+        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
+            # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout.
+            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
+            raise
+
+        # conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in
+        # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
+        try:
+            if chunked:
+                conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
+            else:
+                conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
+
+        # We are swallowing BrokenPipeError (errno.EPIPE) since the server is
+        # legitimately able to close the connection after sending a valid response.
+        # With this behaviour, the received response is still readable.
+        except BrokenPipeError:
+            # Python 3
+            pass
+        except IOError as e:
+            # Python 2 and macOS/Linux
+            # EPIPE and ESHUTDOWN are BrokenPipeError on Python 2, and EPROTOTYPE is needed on macOS
+            # https://erickt.github.io/blog/2014/11/19/adventures-in-debugging-a-potential-osx-kernel-bug/
+            if e.errno not in {
+                errno.EPIPE,
+                errno.ESHUTDOWN,
+                errno.EPROTOTYPE,
+            }:
+                raise
+
+        # Reset the timeout for the recv() on the socket
+        read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout
+
+        # App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
+        if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
+            # In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
+            # try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
+            # instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
+            # the exception and assuming all BadStatusLine exceptions are read
+            # timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
+            if read_timeout == 0:
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(
+                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
+                )
+            if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
+            else:  # None or a value
+                conn.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)
+
+        # Receive the response from the server
+        try:
+            try:
+                # Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
+                httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
+            except TypeError:
+                # Python 3
+                try:
+                    httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
+                    # Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
+                    # Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
+                    six.raise_from(e, None)
+        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
+            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
+            raise
+
+        # AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
+        http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
+        log.debug(
+            '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
+            self.scheme,
+            self.host,
+            self.port,
+            method,
+            url,
+            http_version,
+            httplib_response.status,
+            httplib_response.length,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
+        except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+            log.warning(
+                "Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
+                self._absolute_url(url),
+                hpe,
+                exc_info=True,
+            )
+
+        return httplib_response
+
+    def _absolute_url(self, path):
+        return Url(scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port, path=path).url
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
+        """
+        if self.pool is None:
+            return
+        # Disable access to the pool
+        old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None
+
+        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool.
+        _close_pool_connections(old_pool)
+
+    def is_same_host(self, url):
+        """
+        Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
+        connection pool.
+        """
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            return True
+
+        # TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
+        scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
+        if host is not None:
+            host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=scheme)
+
+        # Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
+        if self.port and not port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
+        elif not self.port and port == port_by_scheme.get(scheme):
+            port = None
+
+        return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+        timeout=_Default,
+        pool_timeout=None,
+        release_conn=None,
+        chunked=False,
+        body_pos=None,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
+        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
+        the raw details.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
+           by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
+           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
+           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
+           breaking backwards compatibility.
+
+        :param method:
+            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)
+
+        :param url:
+            The URL to perform the request on.
+
+        :param body:
+            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
+            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.
+
+        :param headers:
+            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
+            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
+            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.
+
+        :param retries:
+            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
+            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.
+
+            Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
+            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
+            over different types of retries.
+            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
+            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.
+
+            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
+            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
+            the redirect response will be returned.
+
+        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.
+
+        :param redirect:
+            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
+            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
+            will disable redirect, too.
+
+        :param assert_same_host:
+            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
+            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
+            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.
+
+        :param timeout:
+            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
+            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
+            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.
+
+        :param pool_timeout:
+            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
+            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
+            connection is available within the time period.
+
+        :param release_conn:
+            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
+            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
+            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
+            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
+            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
+            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
+            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
+            ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.
+
+        :param chunked:
+            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
+            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
+            content-length form. Defaults to False.
+
+        :param int body_pos:
+            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
+            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
+            auto-populate the value when needed.
+
+        :param \\**response_kw:
+            Additional parameters are passed to
+            :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
+        """
+
+        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
+        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme
+
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+
+        if release_conn is None:
+            release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)
+
+        # Check host
+        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
+            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)
+
+        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
+        if url.startswith("/"):
+            url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url))
+        else:
+            url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url)
+
+        conn = None
+
+        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
+        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
+        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
+        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
+        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
+        #
+        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
+        #
+        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
+        release_this_conn = release_conn
+
+        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
+        )
+
+        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
+        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
+        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
+        if not http_tunnel_required:
+            headers = headers.copy()
+            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)
+
+        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
+        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
+        err = None
+
+        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
+        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
+        clean_exit = False
+
+        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
+        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
+        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)
+
+        try:
+            # Request a connection from the queue.
+            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
+            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)
+
+            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout
+
+            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
+                conn, "sock", None
+            )
+            if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required:
+                self._prepare_proxy(conn)
+
+            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
+            httplib_response = self._make_request(
+                conn,
+                method,
+                url,
+                timeout=timeout_obj,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                chunked=chunked,
+            )
+
+            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
+            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
+            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
+            # mess.
+            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None
+
+            # Pass method to Response for length checking
+            response_kw["request_method"] = method
+
+            # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
+            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
+                httplib_response,
+                pool=self,
+                connection=response_conn,
+                retries=retries,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+            # Everything went great!
+            clean_exit = True
+
+        except EmptyPoolError:
+            # Didn't get a connection from the pool, no need to clean up
+            clean_exit = True
+            release_this_conn = False
+            raise
+
+        except (
+            TimeoutError,
+            HTTPException,
+            SocketError,
+            ProtocolError,
+            BaseSSLError,
+            SSLError,
+            CertificateError,
+        ) as e:
+            # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
+            # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
+            clean_exit = False
+
+            def _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(ssl_error):
+                # We're trying to detect the message 'WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER' but
+                # SSLErrors are kinda all over the place when it comes to the message,
+                # so we try to cover our bases here!
+                message = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(ssl_error).lower()))
+                return (
+                    "wrong version number" in message or "unknown protocol" in message
+                )
+
+            # Try to detect a common user error with proxies which is to
+            # set an HTTP proxy to be HTTPS when it should be 'http://'
+            # (ie {'http': 'http://proxy', 'https': 'https://proxy'})
+            # Instead we add a nice error message and point to a URL.
+            if (
+                isinstance(e, BaseSSLError)
+                and self.proxy
+                and _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(e)
+                and conn.proxy
+                and conn.proxy.scheme == "https"
+            ):
+                e = ProxyError(
+                    "Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, "
+                    "try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#https-proxy-error-http-proxy",
+                    SSLError(e),
+                )
+            elif isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
+                e = SSLError(e)
+            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
+                e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
+            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
+                e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)
+
+            retries = retries.increment(
+                method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
+            )
+            retries.sleep()
+
+            # Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
+            err = e
+
+        finally:
+            if not clean_exit:
+                # We hit some kind of exception, handled or otherwise. We need
+                # to throw the connection away unless explicitly told not to.
+                # Close the connection, set the variable to None, and make sure
+                # we put the None back in the pool to avoid leaking it.
+                conn = conn and conn.close()
+                release_this_conn = True
+
+            if release_this_conn:
+                # Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
+                # expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
+                # fresh connection during _get_conn.
+                self._put_conn(conn)
+
+        if not conn:
+            # Try again
+            log.warning(
+                "Retrying (%r) after connection broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url
+            )
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries,
+                redirect,
+                assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        # Handle redirect?
+        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
+        if redirect_location:
+            if response.status == 303:
+                # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
+                method = "GET"
+                # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
+                body = None
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)._prepare_for_method_change()
+
+            try:
+                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
+            except MaxRetryError:
+                if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                    response.drain_conn()
+                    raise
+                return response
+
+            response.drain_conn()
+            retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
+            log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                redirect_location,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
+        has_retry_after = bool(response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+        if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
+            try:
+                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
+            except MaxRetryError:
+                if retries.raise_on_status:
+                    response.drain_conn()
+                    raise
+                return response
+
+            response.drain_conn()
+            retries.sleep(response)
+            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body,
+                headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
+                release_conn=release_conn,
+                chunked=chunked,
+                body_pos=body_pos,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        return response
+
+
+class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
+    """
+    Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.
+
+    :class:`.HTTPSConnection` uses one of ``assert_fingerprint``,
+    ``assert_hostname`` and ``host`` in this order to verify connections.
+    If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.
+
+    The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs``,
+    ``ca_cert_dir``, ``ssl_version``, ``key_password`` are only used if :mod:`ssl`
+    is available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
+    the connection socket into an SSL socket.
+    """
+
+    scheme = "https"
+    ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        strict=False,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        maxsize=1,
+        block=False,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        _proxy=None,
+        _proxy_headers=None,
+        key_file=None,
+        cert_file=None,
+        cert_reqs=None,
+        key_password=None,
+        ca_certs=None,
+        ssl_version=None,
+        assert_hostname=None,
+        assert_fingerprint=None,
+        ca_cert_dir=None,
+        **conn_kw
+    ):
+
+        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
+            self,
+            host,
+            port,
+            strict,
+            timeout,
+            maxsize,
+            block,
+            headers,
+            retries,
+            _proxy,
+            _proxy_headers,
+            **conn_kw
+        )
+
+        self.key_file = key_file
+        self.cert_file = cert_file
+        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
+        self.key_password = key_password
+        self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir
+        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
+        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
+        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
+
+    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Prepare the ``connection`` for :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`
+        and establish the tunnel if proxy is used.
+        """
+
+        if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
+            conn.set_cert(
+                key_file=self.key_file,
+                key_password=self.key_password,
+                cert_file=self.cert_file,
+                cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
+                ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+                ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
+                assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
+                assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
+            )
+            conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
+        return conn
+
+    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
+        """
+        Establishes a tunnel connection through HTTP CONNECT.
+
+        Tunnel connection is established early because otherwise httplib would
+        improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
+        """
+
+        conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)
+
+        if self.proxy.scheme == "https":
+            conn.tls_in_tls_required = True
+
+        conn.connect()
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Return a fresh :class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`.
+        """
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.port or "443",
+        )
+
+        if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
+            raise SSLError(
+                "Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available."
+            )
+
+        actual_host = self.host
+        actual_port = self.port
+        if self.proxy is not None:
+            actual_host = self.proxy.host
+            actual_port = self.proxy.port
+
+        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
+            host=actual_host,
+            port=actual_port,
+            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
+            strict=self.strict,
+            cert_file=self.cert_file,
+            key_file=self.key_file,
+            key_password=self.key_password,
+            **self.conn_kw
+        )
+
+        return self._prepare_conn(conn)
+
+    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
+        """
+        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
+        """
+        super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)
+
+        # Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
+        if not getattr(conn, "sock", None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
+            conn.connect()
+
+        if not conn.is_verified:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host '%s'. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings" % conn.host
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
+
+        if getattr(conn, "proxy_is_verified", None) is False:
+            warnings.warn(
+                (
+                    "Unverified HTTPS connection done to an HTTPS proxy. "
+                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
+                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                    "#ssl-warnings"
+                ),
+                InsecureRequestWarning,
+            )
+
+
+def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
+    """
+    Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.
+
+    This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
+    of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.
+
+    :param url:
+        Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.
+
+    :param \\**kw:
+        Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
+        :class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
+        timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
+        >>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
+    """
+    scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
+    port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
+    if scheme == "https":
+        return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
+    else:
+        return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
+
+
+def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
+    """
+    Normalize hosts for comparisons and use with sockets.
+    """
+
+    host = normalize_host(host, scheme)
+
+    # httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in IPv6 addresses
+    # Specifically, if we include brackets but also pass the port then
+    # httplib crazily doubles up the square brackets on the Host header.
+    # Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
+    # However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
+    # *assert* that.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
+    if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
+        host = host[1:-1]
+    return host
+
+
+def _close_pool_connections(pool):
+    """Drains a queue of connections and closes each one."""
+    try:
+        while True:
+            conn = pool.get(block=False)
+            if conn:
+                conn.close()
+    except queue.Empty:
+        pass  # Done.
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_appengine_environ.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""
+This module provides means to detect the App Engine environment.
+"""
+
+import os
+
+
+def is_appengine():
+    return is_local_appengine() or is_prod_appengine()
+
+
+def is_appengine_sandbox():
+    """Reports if the app is running in the first generation sandbox.
+
+    The second generation runtimes are technically still in a sandbox, but it
+    is much less restrictive, so generally you shouldn't need to check for it.
+    see https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/runtimes
+    """
+    return is_appengine() and os.environ["APPENGINE_RUNTIME"] == "python27"
+
+
+def is_local_appengine():
+    return "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and os.environ.get(
+        "SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
+    ).startswith("Development/")
+
+
+def is_prod_appengine():
+    return "APPENGINE_RUNTIME" in os.environ and os.environ.get(
+        "SERVER_SOFTWARE", ""
+    ).startswith("Google App Engine/")
+
+
+def is_prod_appengine_mvms():
+    """Deprecated."""
+    return False
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/bindings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+"""
+This module uses ctypes to bind a whole bunch of functions and constants from
+SecureTransport. The goal here is to provide the low-level API to
+SecureTransport. These are essentially the C-level functions and constants, and
+they're pretty gross to work with.
+
+This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
+library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
+that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
+license and by oscrypto's:
+
+    Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import platform
+from ctypes import (
+    CDLL,
+    CFUNCTYPE,
+    POINTER,
+    c_bool,
+    c_byte,
+    c_char_p,
+    c_int32,
+    c_long,
+    c_size_t,
+    c_uint32,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_void_p,
+)
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from ...packages.six import raise_from
+
+if platform.system() != "Darwin":
+    raise ImportError("Only macOS is supported")
+
+version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
+if version_info < (10, 8):
+    raise OSError(
+        "Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not %s.%s"
+        % (version_info[0], version_info[1])
+    )
+
+
+def load_cdll(name, macos10_16_path):
+    """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
+    try:
+        # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
+        # beta being labeled as 10.16.
+        if version_info >= (10, 16):
+            path = macos10_16_path
+        else:
+            path = find_library(name)
+        if not path:
+            raise OSError  # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
+        return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
+    except OSError:
+        raise_from(ImportError("The library %s failed to load" % name), None)
+
+
+Security = load_cdll(
+    "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+)
+CoreFoundation = load_cdll(
+    "CoreFoundation",
+    "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
+)
+
+
+Boolean = c_bool
+CFIndex = c_long
+CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
+CFData = c_void_p
+CFString = c_void_p
+CFArray = c_void_p
+CFMutableArray = c_void_p
+CFDictionary = c_void_p
+CFError = c_void_p
+CFType = c_void_p
+CFTypeID = c_ulong
+
+CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
+CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
+
+OSStatus = c_int32
+
+CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
+CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
+CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
+CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
+CFDictionaryRef = POINTER(CFDictionary)
+CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p
+CFDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p
+
+SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecExternalFormat = c_uint32
+SecExternalItemType = c_uint32
+SecIdentityRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecItemImportExportFlags = c_uint32
+SecItemImportExportKeyParameters = c_void_p
+SecKeychainRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SSLProtocol = c_uint32
+SSLCipherSuite = c_uint32
+SSLContextRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
+SSLConnectionRef = c_uint32
+SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
+SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
+SSLProtocolSide = c_uint32
+SSLConnectionType = c_uint32
+SSLSessionOption = c_uint32
+
+
+try:
+    Security.SecItemImport.argtypes = [
+        CFDataRef,
+        CFStringRef,
+        POINTER(SecExternalFormat),
+        POINTER(SecExternalItemType),
+        SecItemImportExportFlags,
+        POINTER(SecItemImportExportKeyParameters),
+        SecKeychainRef,
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecItemImport.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.argtypes = []
+    Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
+    Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.argtypes = [
+        CFTypeRef,
+        SecCertificateRef,
+        POINTER(SecIdentityRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecKeychainCreate.argtypes = [
+        c_char_p,
+        c_uint32,
+        c_void_p,
+        Boolean,
+        c_void_p,
+        POINTER(SecKeychainRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecKeychainCreate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [SecKeychainRef]
+    Security.SecKeychainDelete.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecPKCS12Import.argtypes = [
+        CFDataRef,
+        CFDictionaryRef,
+        POINTER(CFArrayRef),
+    ]
+    Security.SecPKCS12Import.restype = OSStatus
+
+    SSLReadFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, c_void_p, POINTER(c_size_t))
+    SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE(
+        OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t)
+    )
+
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLReadFunc, SSLWriteFunc]
+    Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerID.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFTypeRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLConnectionRef]
+    Security.SSLSetConnection.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
+    Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
+    Security.SSLHandshake.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLRead.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLWrite.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
+    Security.SSLClose.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        c_size_t,
+    ]
+    Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
+    Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
+        POINTER(c_size_t),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.argtypes = [
+        SSLContextRef,
+        POINTER(SSLProtocol),
+    ]
+    Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SecTrustRef)]
+    Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
+    Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
+    Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [SecTrustRef]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFIndex]
+    Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.restype = SecCertificateRef
+
+    Security.SSLCreateContext.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        SSLProtocolSide,
+        SSLConnectionType,
+    ]
+    Security.SSLCreateContext.restype = SSLContextRef
+
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLSessionOption, Boolean]
+    Security.SSLSetSessionOption.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.restype = OSStatus
+
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
+    Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.restype = OSStatus
+
+    try:
+        Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
+        Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.restype = OSStatus
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Supported only in 10.12+
+        pass
+
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
+    Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    Security.SSLReadFunc = SSLReadFunc
+    Security.SSLWriteFunc = SSLWriteFunc
+    Security.SSLContextRef = SSLContextRef
+    Security.SSLProtocol = SSLProtocol
+    Security.SSLCipherSuite = SSLCipherSuite
+    Security.SecIdentityRef = SecIdentityRef
+    Security.SecKeychainRef = SecKeychainRef
+    Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef
+    Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType
+    Security.SecExternalFormat = SecExternalFormat
+    Security.OSStatus = OSStatus
+
+    Security.kSecImportExportPassphrase = CFStringRef.in_dll(
+        Security, "kSecImportExportPassphrase"
+    )
+    Security.kSecImportItemIdentity = CFStringRef.in_dll(
+        Security, "kSecImportItemIdentity"
+    )
+
+    # CoreFoundation time!
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRetain.restype = CFTypeRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
+        CFStringRef,
+        c_char_p,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFStringEncoding,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        CFDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.restype = CFDictionaryRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [CFDictionaryRef, CFTypeRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = CFTypeRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        POINTER(CFTypeRef),
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
+        CFAllocatorRef,
+        CFIndex,
+        CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
+
+    CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks"
+    )
+    CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
+        CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks"
+    )
+
+    CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef
+    CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryRef
+
+except (AttributeError):
+    raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes")
+
+
+class CFConst(object):
+    """
+    A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for CoreFoundation
+    constants.
+    """
+
+    kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)
+
+
+class SecurityConst(object):
+    """
+    A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for Security constants.
+    """
+
+    kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth = 0
+
+    kSSLProtocol2 = 1
+    kSSLProtocol3 = 2
+    kTLSProtocol1 = 4
+    kTLSProtocol11 = 7
+    kTLSProtocol12 = 8
+    # SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3 even if there's a constant for it
+    kTLSProtocol13 = 10
+    kTLSProtocolMaxSupported = 999
+
+    kSSLClientSide = 1
+    kSSLStreamType = 0
+
+    kSecFormatPEMSequence = 10
+
+    kSecTrustResultInvalid = 0
+    kSecTrustResultProceed = 1
+    # This gap is present on purpose: this was kSecTrustResultConfirm, which
+    # is deprecated.
+    kSecTrustResultDeny = 3
+    kSecTrustResultUnspecified = 4
+    kSecTrustResultRecoverableTrustFailure = 5
+    kSecTrustResultFatalTrustFailure = 6
+    kSecTrustResultOtherError = 7
+
+    errSSLProtocol = -9800
+    errSSLWouldBlock = -9803
+    errSSLClosedGraceful = -9805
+    errSSLClosedNoNotify = -9816
+    errSSLClosedAbort = -9806
+
+    errSSLXCertChainInvalid = -9807
+    errSSLCrypto = -9809
+    errSSLInternal = -9810
+    errSSLCertExpired = -9814
+    errSSLCertNotYetValid = -9815
+    errSSLUnknownRootCert = -9812
+    errSSLNoRootCert = -9813
+    errSSLHostNameMismatch = -9843
+    errSSLPeerHandshakeFail = -9824
+    errSSLPeerUserCancelled = -9839
+    errSSLWeakPeerEphemeralDHKey = -9850
+    errSSLServerAuthCompleted = -9841
+    errSSLRecordOverflow = -9847
+
+    errSecVerifyFailed = -67808
+    errSecNoTrustSettings = -25263
+    errSecItemNotFound = -25300
+    errSecInvalidTrustSettings = -25262
+
+    # Cipher suites. We only pick the ones our default cipher string allows.
+    # Source: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1550981-ssl_cipher_suite_values
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC02C
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC030
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02B
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02F
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA9
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA8
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009F
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009E
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC024
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC028
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC00A
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC014
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x006B
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0039
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC023
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC027
+    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC009
+    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC013
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x0067
+    TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x0033
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009D
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009C
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003D
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003C
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0035
+    TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x002F
+    TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x1301
+    TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x1302
+    TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256 = 0x1305
+    TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 = 0x1304
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa0b245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/_securetransport/low_level.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+"""
+Low-level helpers for the SecureTransport bindings.
+
+These are Python functions that are not directly related to the high-level APIs
+but are necessary to get them to work. They include a whole bunch of low-level
+CoreFoundation messing about and memory management. The concerns in this module
+are almost entirely about trying to avoid memory leaks and providing
+appropriate and useful assistance to the higher-level code.
+"""
+import base64
+import ctypes
+import itertools
+import os
+import re
+import ssl
+import struct
+import tempfile
+
+from .bindings import CFConst, CoreFoundation, Security
+
+# This regular expression is used to grab PEM data out of a PEM bundle.
+_PEM_CERTS_RE = re.compile(
+    b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n(.*?)\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----", re.DOTALL
+)
+
+
+def _cf_data_from_bytes(bytestring):
+    """
+    Given a bytestring, create a CFData object from it. This CFData object must
+    be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, bytestring, len(bytestring)
+    )
+
+
+def _cf_dictionary_from_tuples(tuples):
+    """
+    Given a list of Python tuples, create an associated CFDictionary.
+    """
+    dictionary_size = len(tuples)
+
+    # We need to get the dictionary keys and values out in the same order.
+    keys = (t[0] for t in tuples)
+    values = (t[1] for t in tuples)
+    cf_keys = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*keys)
+    cf_values = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*values)
+
+    return CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        cf_keys,
+        cf_values,
+        dictionary_size,
+        CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
+        CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks,
+    )
+
+
+def _cfstr(py_bstr):
+    """
+    Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
+    The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
+    """
+    c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(py_bstr)
+    cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        c_str,
+        CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
+    )
+    return cf_str
+
+
+def _create_cfstring_array(lst):
+    """
+    Given a list of Python binary data, create an associated CFMutableArray.
+    The array must be CFReleased by the caller.
+
+    Raises an ssl.SSLError on failure.
+    """
+    cf_arr = None
+    try:
+        cf_arr = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+            0,
+            ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+        )
+        if not cf_arr:
+            raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+        for item in lst:
+            cf_str = _cfstr(item)
+            if not cf_str:
+                raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+            try:
+                CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_arr, cf_str)
+            finally:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str)
+    except BaseException as e:
+        if cf_arr:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_arr)
+        raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate array: %s" % (e,))
+    return cf_arr
+
+
+def _cf_string_to_unicode(value):
+    """
+    Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
+    reporting.
+
+    Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
+    """
+    value_as_void_p = ctypes.cast(value, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p))
+
+    string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
+        value_as_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+    )
+    if string is None:
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
+        result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
+            value_as_void_p, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
+        )
+        if not result:
+            raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
+        string = buffer.value
+    if string is not None:
+        string = string.decode("utf-8")
+    return string
+
+
+def _assert_no_error(error, exception_class=None):
+    """
+    Checks the return code and throws an exception if there is an error to
+    report
+    """
+    if error == 0:
+        return
+
+    cf_error_string = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(error, None)
+    output = _cf_string_to_unicode(cf_error_string)
+    CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string)
+
+    if output is None or output == u"":
+        output = u"OSStatus %s" % error
+
+    if exception_class is None:
+        exception_class = ssl.SSLError
+
+    raise exception_class(output)
+
+
+def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle):
+    """
+    Given a bundle of certs in PEM format, turns them into a CFArray of certs
+    that can be used to validate a cert chain.
+    """
+    # Normalize the PEM bundle's line endings.
+    pem_bundle = pem_bundle.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
+
+    der_certs = [
+        base64.b64decode(match.group(1)) for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle)
+    ]
+    if not der_certs:
+        raise ssl.SSLError("No root certificates specified")
+
+    cert_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+        CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+        0,
+        ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+    )
+    if not cert_array:
+        raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+
+    try:
+        for der_bytes in der_certs:
+            certdata = _cf_data_from_bytes(der_bytes)
+            if not certdata:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
+            cert = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
+                CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, certdata
+            )
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
+            if not cert:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to build cert object!")
+
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cert_array, cert)
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert)
+    except Exception:
+        # We need to free the array before the exception bubbles further.
+        # We only want to do that if an error occurs: otherwise, the caller
+        # should free.
+        CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
+        raise
+
+    return cert_array
+
+
+def _is_cert(item):
+    """
+    Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is a certificate.
+    """
+    expected = Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID()
+    return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected
+
+
+def _is_identity(item):
+    """
+    Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is an identity.
+    """
+    expected = Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID()
+    return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected
+
+
+def _temporary_keychain():
+    """
+    This function creates a temporary Mac keychain that we can use to work with
+    credentials. This keychain uses a one-time password and a temporary file to
+    store the data. We expect to have one keychain per socket. The returned
+    SecKeychainRef must be freed by the caller, including calling
+    SecKeychainDelete.
+
+    Returns a tuple of the SecKeychainRef and the path to the temporary
+    directory that contains it.
+    """
+    # Unfortunately, SecKeychainCreate requires a path to a keychain. This
+    # means we cannot use mkstemp to use a generic temporary file. Instead,
+    # we're going to create a temporary directory and a filename to use there.
+    # This filename will be 8 random bytes expanded into base64. We also need
+    # some random bytes to password-protect the keychain we're creating, so we
+    # ask for 40 random bytes.
+    random_bytes = os.urandom(40)
+    filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode("utf-8")
+    password = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[8:])  # Must be valid UTF-8
+    tempdirectory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+
+    keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode("utf-8")
+
+    # We now want to create the keychain itself.
+    keychain = Security.SecKeychainRef()
+    status = Security.SecKeychainCreate(
+        keychain_path, len(password), password, False, None, ctypes.byref(keychain)
+    )
+    _assert_no_error(status)
+
+    # Having created the keychain, we want to pass it off to the caller.
+    return keychain, tempdirectory
+
+
+def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path):
+    """
+    Given a single file, loads all the trust objects from it into arrays and
+    the keychain.
+    Returns a tuple of lists: the first list is a list of identities, the
+    second a list of certs.
+    """
+    certificates = []
+    identities = []
+    result_array = None
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        raw_filedata = f.read()
+
+    try:
+        filedata = CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, raw_filedata, len(raw_filedata)
+        )
+        result_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef()
+        result = Security.SecItemImport(
+            filedata,  # cert data
+            None,  # Filename, leaving it out for now
+            None,  # What the type of the file is, we don't care
+            None,  # what's in the file, we don't care
+            0,  # import flags
+            None,  # key params, can include passphrase in the future
+            keychain,  # The keychain to insert into
+            ctypes.byref(result_array),  # Results
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # A CFArray is not very useful to us as an intermediary
+        # representation, so we are going to extract the objects we want
+        # and then free the array. We don't need to keep hold of keys: the
+        # keychain already has them!
+        result_count = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount(result_array)
+        for index in range(result_count):
+            item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(result_array, index)
+            item = ctypes.cast(item, CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef)
+
+            if _is_cert(item):
+                CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
+                certificates.append(item)
+            elif _is_identity(item):
+                CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
+                identities.append(item)
+    finally:
+        if result_array:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(result_array)
+
+        CoreFoundation.CFRelease(filedata)
+
+    return (identities, certificates)
+
+
+def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain, *paths):
+    """
+    Load certificates and maybe keys from a number of files. Has the end goal
+    of returning a CFArray containing one SecIdentityRef, and then zero or more
+    SecCertificateRef objects, suitable for use as a client certificate trust
+    chain.
+    """
+    # Ok, the strategy.
+    #
+    # This relies on knowing that macOS will not give you a SecIdentityRef
+    # unless you have imported a key into a keychain. This is a somewhat
+    # artificial limitation of macOS (for example, it doesn't necessarily
+    # affect iOS), but there is nothing inside Security.framework that lets you
+    # get a SecIdentityRef without having a key in a keychain.
+    #
+    # So the policy here is we take all the files and iterate them in order.
+    # Each one will use SecItemImport to have one or more objects loaded from
+    # it. We will also point at a keychain that macOS can use to work with the
+    # private key.
+    #
+    # Once we have all the objects, we'll check what we actually have. If we
+    # already have a SecIdentityRef in hand, fab: we'll use that. Otherwise,
+    # we'll take the first certificate (which we assume to be our leaf) and
+    # ask the keychain to give us a SecIdentityRef with that cert's associated
+    # key.
+    #
+    # We'll then return a CFArray containing the trust chain: one
+    # SecIdentityRef and then zero-or-more SecCertificateRef objects. The
+    # responsibility for freeing this CFArray will be with the caller. This
+    # CFArray must remain alive for the entire connection, so in practice it
+    # will be stored with a single SSLSocket, along with the reference to the
+    # keychain.
+    certificates = []
+    identities = []
+
+    # Filter out bad paths.
+    paths = (path for path in paths if path)
+
+    try:
+        for file_path in paths:
+            new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(keychain, file_path)
+            identities.extend(new_identities)
+            certificates.extend(new_certs)
+
+        # Ok, we have everything. The question is: do we have an identity? If
+        # not, we want to grab one from the first cert we have.
+        if not identities:
+            new_identity = Security.SecIdentityRef()
+            status = Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(
+                keychain, certificates[0], ctypes.byref(new_identity)
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(status)
+            identities.append(new_identity)
+
+            # We now want to release the original certificate, as we no longer
+            # need it.
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certificates.pop(0))
+
+        # We now need to build a new CFArray that holds the trust chain.
+        trust_chain = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
+            CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
+            0,
+            ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
+        )
+        for item in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
+            # ArrayAppendValue does a CFRetain on the item. That's fine,
+            # because the finally block will release our other refs to them.
+            CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(trust_chain, item)
+
+        return trust_chain
+    finally:
+        for obj in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(obj)
+
+
+TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = {
+    "SSLv2": (0, 2),
+    "SSLv3": (3, 0),
+    "TLSv1": (3, 1),
+    "TLSv1.1": (3, 2),
+    "TLSv1.2": (3, 3),
+}
+
+
+def _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(version):
+    """
+    Builds a TLS alert record for an unknown CA.
+    """
+    ver_maj, ver_min = TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS[version]
+    severity_fatal = 0x02
+    description_unknown_ca = 0x30
+    msg = struct.pack(">BB", severity_fatal, description_unknown_ca)
+    msg_len = len(msg)
+    record_type_alert = 0x15
+    record = struct.pack(">BBBH", record_type_alert, ver_maj, ver_min, msg_len) + msg
+    return record
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1717ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/appengine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+"""
+This module provides a pool manager that uses Google App Engine's
+`URLFetch Service <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/urlfetch>`_.
+
+Example usage::
+
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3 import PoolManager
+    from pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.appengine import AppEngineManager, is_appengine_sandbox
+
+    if is_appengine_sandbox():
+        # AppEngineManager uses AppEngine's URLFetch API behind the scenes
+        http = AppEngineManager()
+    else:
+        # PoolManager uses a socket-level API behind the scenes
+        http = PoolManager()
+
+    r = http.request('GET', 'https://google.com/')
+
+There are `limitations <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/\
+urlfetch/#Python_Quotas_and_limits>`_ to the URLFetch service and it may not be
+the best choice for your application. There are three options for using
+urllib3 on Google App Engine:
+
+1. You can use :class:`AppEngineManager` with URLFetch. URLFetch is
+   cost-effective in many circumstances as long as your usage is within the
+   limitations.
+2. You can use a normal :class:`~urllib3.PoolManager` by enabling sockets.
+   Sockets also have `limitations and restrictions
+   <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/sockets/\
+   #limitations-and-restrictions>`_ and have a lower free quota than URLFetch.
+   To use sockets, be sure to specify the following in your ``app.yaml``::
+
+        env_variables:
+            GAE_USE_SOCKETS_HTTPLIB : 'true'
+
+3. If you are using `App Engine Flexible
+<https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/>`_, you can use the standard
+:class:`PoolManager` without any configuration or special environment variables.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import io
+import logging
+import warnings
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    HTTPWarning,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    SSLError,
+    TimeoutError,
+)
+from ..packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from ..request import RequestMethods
+from ..response import HTTPResponse
+from ..util.retry import Retry
+from ..util.timeout import Timeout
+from . import _appengine_environ
+
+try:
+    from google.appengine.api import urlfetch
+except ImportError:
+    urlfetch = None
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class AppEnginePlatformWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppEnginePlatformError(HTTPError):
+    pass
+
+
+class AppEngineManager(RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Connection manager for Google App Engine sandbox applications.
+
+    This manager uses the URLFetch service directly instead of using the
+    emulated httplib, and is subject to URLFetch limitations as described in
+    the App Engine documentation `here
+    <https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/python/urlfetch>`_.
+
+    Notably it will raise an :class:`AppEnginePlatformError` if:
+        * URLFetch is not available.
+        * If you attempt to use this on App Engine Flexible, as full socket
+          support is available.
+        * If a request size is more than 10 megabytes.
+        * If a response size is more than 32 megabytes.
+        * If you use an unsupported request method such as OPTIONS.
+
+    Beyond those cases, it will raise normal urllib3 errors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        validate_certificate=True,
+        urlfetch_retries=True,
+    ):
+        if not urlfetch:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch is not available in this environment."
+            )
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "urllib3 is using URLFetch on Google App Engine sandbox instead "
+            "of sockets. To use sockets directly instead of URLFetch see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/reference/urllib3.contrib.html.",
+            AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+        )
+
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+        self.validate_certificate = validate_certificate
+        self.urlfetch_retries = urlfetch_retries
+
+        self.retries = retries or Retry.DEFAULT
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=None,
+        redirect=True,
+        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+        **response_kw
+    ):
+
+        retries = self._get_retries(retries, redirect)
+
+        try:
+            follow_redirects = redirect and retries.redirect != 0 and retries.total
+            response = urlfetch.fetch(
+                url,
+                payload=body,
+                method=method,
+                headers=headers or {},
+                allow_truncated=False,
+                follow_redirects=self.urlfetch_retries and follow_redirects,
+                deadline=self._get_absolute_timeout(timeout),
+                validate_certificate=self.validate_certificate,
+            )
+        except urlfetch.DeadlineExceededError as e:
+            raise TimeoutError(self, e)
+
+        except urlfetch.InvalidURLError as e:
+            if "too large" in str(e):
+                raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                    "URLFetch request too large, URLFetch only "
+                    "supports requests up to 10mb in size.",
+                    e,
+                )
+            raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.DownloadError as e:
+            if "Too many redirects" in str(e):
+                raise MaxRetryError(self, url, reason=e)
+            raise ProtocolError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.ResponseTooLargeError as e:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch response too large, URLFetch only supports"
+                "responses up to 32mb in size.",
+                e,
+            )
+
+        except urlfetch.SSLCertificateError as e:
+            raise SSLError(e)
+
+        except urlfetch.InvalidMethodError as e:
+            raise AppEnginePlatformError(
+                "URLFetch does not support method: %s" % method, e
+            )
+
+        http_response = self._urlfetch_response_to_http_response(
+            response, retries=retries, **response_kw
+        )
+
+        # Handle redirect?
+        redirect_location = redirect and http_response.get_redirect_location()
+        if redirect_location:
+            # Check for redirect response
+            if self.urlfetch_retries and retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
+            else:
+                if http_response.status == 303:
+                    method = "GET"
+
+                try:
+                    retries = retries.increment(
+                        method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self
+                    )
+                except MaxRetryError:
+                    if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                        raise MaxRetryError(self, url, "too many redirects")
+                    return http_response
+
+                retries.sleep_for_retry(http_response)
+                log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+                redirect_url = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
+                return self.urlopen(
+                    method,
+                    redirect_url,
+                    body,
+                    headers,
+                    retries=retries,
+                    redirect=redirect,
+                    timeout=timeout,
+                    **response_kw
+                )
+
+        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
+        has_retry_after = bool(http_response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+        if retries.is_retry(method, http_response.status, has_retry_after):
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=http_response, _pool=self)
+            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
+            retries.sleep(http_response)
+            return self.urlopen(
+                method,
+                url,
+                body=body,
+                headers=headers,
+                retries=retries,
+                redirect=redirect,
+                timeout=timeout,
+                **response_kw
+            )
+
+        return http_response
+
+    def _urlfetch_response_to_http_response(self, urlfetch_resp, **response_kw):
+
+        if is_prod_appengine():
+            # Production GAE handles deflate encoding automatically, but does
+            # not remove the encoding header.
+            content_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("content-encoding")
+
+            if content_encoding == "deflate":
+                del urlfetch_resp.headers["content-encoding"]
+
+        transfer_encoding = urlfetch_resp.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
+        # We have a full response's content,
+        # so let's make sure we don't report ourselves as chunked data.
+        if transfer_encoding == "chunked":
+            encodings = transfer_encoding.split(",")
+            encodings.remove("chunked")
+            urlfetch_resp.headers["transfer-encoding"] = ",".join(encodings)
+
+        original_response = HTTPResponse(
+            # In order for decoding to work, we must present the content as
+            # a file-like object.
+            body=io.BytesIO(urlfetch_resp.content),
+            msg=urlfetch_resp.header_msg,
+            headers=urlfetch_resp.headers,
+            status=urlfetch_resp.status_code,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+
+        return HTTPResponse(
+            body=io.BytesIO(urlfetch_resp.content),
+            headers=urlfetch_resp.headers,
+            status=urlfetch_resp.status_code,
+            original_response=original_response,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+
+    def _get_absolute_timeout(self, timeout):
+        if timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return None  # Defer to URLFetch's default.
+        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
+            if timeout._read is not None or timeout._connect is not None:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "URLFetch does not support granular timeout settings, "
+                    "reverting to total or default URLFetch timeout.",
+                    AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+                )
+            return timeout.total
+        return timeout
+
+    def _get_retries(self, retries, redirect):
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)
+
+        if retries.connect or retries.read or retries.redirect:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "URLFetch only supports total retries and does not "
+                "recognize connect, read, or redirect retry parameters.",
+                AppEnginePlatformWarning,
+            )
+
+        return retries
+
+
+# Alias methods from _appengine_environ to maintain public API interface.
+
+is_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_appengine
+is_appengine_sandbox = _appengine_environ.is_appengine_sandbox
+is_local_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_local_appengine
+is_prod_appengine = _appengine_environ.is_prod_appengine
+is_prod_appengine_mvms = _appengine_environ.is_prod_appengine_mvms
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4716657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/ntlmpool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"""
+NTLM authenticating pool, contributed by erikcederstran
+
+Issue #10, see: http://code.google.com/p/urllib3/issues/detail?id=10
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import warnings
+from logging import getLogger
+
+from ntlm import ntlm
+
+from .. import HTTPSConnectionPool
+from ..packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPSConnection
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The 'urllib3.contrib.ntlmpool' module is deprecated and will be removed "
+    "in urllib3 v2.0 release, urllib3 is not able to support it properly due "
+    "to reasons listed in issue: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2282. "
+    "If you are a user of this module please comment in the mentioned issue.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
+
+log = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class NTLMConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    """
+    Implements an NTLM authentication version of an urllib3 connection pool
+    """
+
+    scheme = "https"
+
+    def __init__(self, user, pw, authurl, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        authurl is a random URL on the server that is protected by NTLM.
+        user is the Windows user, probably in the DOMAIN\\username format.
+        pw is the password for the user.
+        """
+        super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.authurl = authurl
+        self.rawuser = user
+        user_parts = user.split("\\", 1)
+        self.domain = user_parts[0].upper()
+        self.user = user_parts[1]
+        self.pw = pw
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        # Performs the NTLM handshake that secures the connection. The socket
+        # must be kept open while requests are performed.
+        self.num_connections += 1
+        log.debug(
+            "Starting NTLM HTTPS connection no. %d: https://%s%s",
+            self.num_connections,
+            self.host,
+            self.authurl,
+        )
+
+        headers = {"Connection": "Keep-Alive"}
+        req_header = "Authorization"
+        resp_header = "www-authenticate"
+
+        conn = HTTPSConnection(host=self.host, port=self.port)
+
+        # Send negotiation message
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % ntlm.create_NTLM_NEGOTIATE_MESSAGE(
+            self.rawuser
+        )
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
+        res = conn.getresponse()
+        reshdr = dict(res.headers)
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", reshdr)
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read(100))
+
+        # Remove the reference to the socket, so that it can not be closed by
+        # the response object (we want to keep the socket open)
+        res.fp = None
+
+        # Server should respond with a challenge message
+        auth_header_values = reshdr[resp_header].split(", ")
+        auth_header_value = None
+        for s in auth_header_values:
+            if s[:5] == "NTLM ":
+                auth_header_value = s[5:]
+        if auth_header_value is None:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Unexpected %s response header: %s" % (resp_header, reshdr[resp_header])
+            )
+
+        # Send authentication message
+        ServerChallenge, NegotiateFlags = ntlm.parse_NTLM_CHALLENGE_MESSAGE(
+            auth_header_value
+        )
+        auth_msg = ntlm.create_NTLM_AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE(
+            ServerChallenge, self.user, self.domain, self.pw, NegotiateFlags
+        )
+        headers[req_header] = "NTLM %s" % auth_msg
+        log.debug("Request headers: %s", headers)
+        conn.request("GET", self.authurl, None, headers)
+        res = conn.getresponse()
+        log.debug("Response status: %s %s", res.status, res.reason)
+        log.debug("Response headers: %s", dict(res.headers))
+        log.debug("Response data: %s [...]", res.read()[:100])
+        if res.status != 200:
+            if res.status == 401:
+                raise Exception("Server rejected request: wrong username or password")
+            raise Exception("Wrong server response: %s %s" % (res.status, res.reason))
+
+        res.fp = None
+        log.debug("Connection established")
+        return conn
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        retries=3,
+        redirect=True,
+        assert_same_host=True,
+    ):
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        headers["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
+        return super(NTLMConnectionPool, self).urlopen(
+            method, url, body, headers, retries, redirect, assert_same_host
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e4aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/pyopenssl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+"""
+TLS with SNI_-support for Python 2. Follow these instructions if you would
+like to verify TLS certificates in Python 2. Note, the default libraries do
+*not* do certificate checking; you need to do additional work to validate
+certificates yourself.
+
+This needs the following packages installed:
+
+* `pyOpenSSL`_ (tested with 16.0.0)
+* `cryptography`_ (minimum 1.3.4, from pyopenssl)
+* `idna`_ (minimum 2.0, from cryptography)
+
+However, pyopenssl depends on cryptography, which depends on idna, so while we
+use all three directly here we end up having relatively few packages required.
+
+You can install them with the following command:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ python -m pip install pyopenssl cryptography idna
+
+To activate certificate checking, call
+:func:`~urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3` from your Python code
+before you begin making HTTP requests. This can be done in a ``sitecustomize``
+module, or at any other time before your application begins using ``urllib3``,
+like this:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    try:
+        import pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl as pyopenssl
+        pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+Now you can use :mod:`urllib3` as you normally would, and it will support SNI
+when the required modules are installed.
+
+Activating this module also has the positive side effect of disabling SSL/TLS
+compression in Python 2 (see `CRIME attack`_).
+
+.. _sni: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
+.. _crime attack: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRIME_(security_exploit)
+.. _pyopenssl: https://www.pyopenssl.org
+.. _cryptography: https://cryptography.io
+.. _idna: https://github.com/kjd/idna
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import OpenSSL.crypto
+import OpenSSL.SSL
+from cryptography import x509
+from cryptography.hazmat.backends.openssl import backend as openssl_backend
+
+try:
+    from cryptography.x509 import UnsupportedExtension
+except ImportError:
+    # UnsupportedExtension is gone in cryptography >= 2.1.0
+    class UnsupportedExtension(Exception):
+        pass
+
+
+from io import BytesIO
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from socket import _fileobject
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    _fileobject = None
+    from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
+
+import logging
+import ssl
+import sys
+import warnings
+
+from .. import util
+from ..packages import six
+from ..util.ssl_ import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "'urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl' module is deprecated and will be removed "
+    "in a future release of urllib3 2.x. Read more in this issue: "
+    "https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
+    category=DeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
+
+# SNI always works.
+HAS_SNI = True
+
+# Map from urllib3 to PyOpenSSL compatible parameter-values.
+_openssl_versions = {
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
+    ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1: OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,
+}
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "SSLv3_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv3_METHOD
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_1_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_1_METHOD
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_2_METHOD"):
+    _openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_2_METHOD
+
+
+_stdlib_to_openssl_verify = {
+    ssl.CERT_NONE: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
+    ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
+    ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER
+    + OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+}
+_openssl_to_stdlib_verify = dict((v, k) for k, v in _stdlib_to_openssl_verify.items())
+
+# OpenSSL will only write 16K at a time
+SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
+orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def inject_into_urllib3():
+    "Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support."
+
+    _validate_dependencies_met()
+
+    util.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
+    util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
+
+
+def extract_from_urllib3():
+    "Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`."
+
+    util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+    util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+
+
+def _validate_dependencies_met():
+    """
+    Verifies that PyOpenSSL's package-level dependencies have been met.
+    Throws `ImportError` if they are not met.
+    """
+    # Method added in `cryptography==1.1`; not available in older versions
+    from cryptography.x509.extensions import Extensions
+
+    if getattr(Extensions, "get_extension_for_class", None) is None:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'cryptography' module missing required functionality.  "
+            "Try upgrading to v1.3.4 or newer."
+        )
+
+    # pyOpenSSL 0.14 and above use cryptography for OpenSSL bindings. The _x509
+    # attribute is only present on those versions.
+    from OpenSSL.crypto import X509
+
+    x509 = X509()
+    if getattr(x509, "_x509", None) is None:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. "
+            "Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer."
+        )
+
+
+def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name):
+    """
+    Converts a dNSName SubjectAlternativeName field to the form used by the
+    standard library on the given Python version.
+
+    Cryptography produces a dNSName as a unicode string that was idna-decoded
+    from ASCII bytes. We need to idna-encode that string to get it back, and
+    then on Python 3 we also need to convert to unicode via UTF-8 (the stdlib
+    uses PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize on it, which decodes via UTF-8).
+
+    If the name cannot be idna-encoded then we return None signalling that
+    the name given should be skipped.
+    """
+
+    def idna_encode(name):
+        """
+        Borrowed wholesale from the Python Cryptography Project. It turns out
+        that we can't just safely call `idna.encode`: it can explode for
+        wildcard names. This avoids that problem.
+        """
+        from pip._vendor import idna
+
+        try:
+            for prefix in [u"*.", u"."]:
+                if name.startswith(prefix):
+                    name = name[len(prefix) :]
+                    return prefix.encode("ascii") + idna.encode(name)
+            return idna.encode(name)
+        except idna.core.IDNAError:
+            return None
+
+    # Don't send IPv6 addresses through the IDNA encoder.
+    if ":" in name:
+        return name
+
+    name = idna_encode(name)
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
+        name = name.decode("utf-8")
+    return name
+
+
+def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert):
+    """
+    Given an PyOpenSSL certificate, provides all the subject alternative names.
+    """
+    # Pass the cert to cryptography, which has much better APIs for this.
+    if hasattr(peer_cert, "to_cryptography"):
+        cert = peer_cert.to_cryptography()
+    else:
+        der = OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, peer_cert)
+        cert = x509.load_der_x509_certificate(der, openssl_backend)
+
+    # We want to find the SAN extension. Ask Cryptography to locate it (it's
+    # faster than looping in Python)
+    try:
+        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.SubjectAlternativeName).value
+    except x509.ExtensionNotFound:
+        # No such extension, return the empty list.
+        return []
+    except (
+        x509.DuplicateExtension,
+        UnsupportedExtension,
+        x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType,
+        UnicodeError,
+    ) as e:
+        # A problem has been found with the quality of the certificate. Assume
+        # no SAN field is present.
+        log.warning(
+            "A problem was encountered with the certificate that prevented "
+            "urllib3 from finding the SubjectAlternativeName field. This can "
+            "affect certificate validation. The error was %s",
+            e,
+        )
+        return []
+
+    # We want to return dNSName and iPAddress fields. We need to cast the IPs
+    # back to strings because the match_hostname function wants them as
+    # strings.
+    # Sadly the DNS names need to be idna encoded and then, on Python 3, UTF-8
+    # decoded. This is pretty frustrating, but that's what the standard library
+    # does with certificates, and so we need to attempt to do the same.
+    # We also want to skip over names which cannot be idna encoded.
+    names = [
+        ("DNS", name)
+        for name in map(_dnsname_to_stdlib, ext.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName))
+        if name is not None
+    ]
+    names.extend(
+        ("IP Address", str(name)) for name in ext.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
+    )
+
+    return names
+
+
+class WrappedSocket(object):
+    """API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class.
+
+    Note: _makefile_refs, _drop() and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
+    collector of pypy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, connection, socket, suppress_ragged_eofs=True):
+        self.connection = connection
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+        self._makefile_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    # Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs > 0:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def recv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            data = self.connection.recv(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return b""
+            else:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
+            if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
+                return b""
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+            if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
+            else:
+                return self.recv(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("read error: %r" % e)
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    def recv_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return self.connection.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+            if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
+                return 0
+            else:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
+            if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
+                return 0
+            else:
+                raise
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+            if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                raise timeout("The read operation timed out")
+            else:
+                return self.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("read error: %r" % e)
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout):
+        return self.socket.settimeout(timeout)
+
+    def _send_until_done(self, data):
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return self.connection.send(data)
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.WantWriteError:
+                if not util.wait_for_write(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
+                    raise timeout()
+                continue
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
+                raise SocketError(str(e))
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        total_sent = 0
+        while total_sent < len(data):
+            sent = self._send_until_done(
+                data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE]
+            )
+            total_sent += sent
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        # FIXME rethrow compatible exceptions should we ever use this
+        self.connection.shutdown()
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            try:
+                self._closed = True
+                return self.connection.close()
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.Error:
+                return
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        x509 = self.connection.get_peer_certificate()
+
+        if not x509:
+            return x509
+
+        if binary_form:
+            return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, x509)
+
+        return {
+            "subject": ((("commonName", x509.get_subject().CN),),),
+            "subjectAltName": get_subj_alt_name(x509),
+        }
+
+    def version(self):
+        return self.connection.get_protocol_version_name()
+
+    def _reuse(self):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+
+    def _drop(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+
+if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    makefile = backport_makefile
+
+WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
+
+
+class PyOpenSSLContext(object):
+    """
+    I am a wrapper class for the PyOpenSSL ``Context`` object. I am responsible
+    for translating the interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object
+    to calls into PyOpenSSL.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self.protocol = _openssl_versions[protocol]
+        self._ctx = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(self.protocol)
+        self._options = 0
+        self.check_hostname = False
+
+    @property
+    def options(self):
+        return self._options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value):
+        self._options = value
+        self._ctx.set_options(value)
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self):
+        return _openssl_to_stdlib_verify[self._ctx.get_verify_mode()]
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value):
+        self._ctx.set_verify(_stdlib_to_openssl_verify[value], _verify_callback)
+
+    def set_default_verify_paths(self):
+        self._ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
+        if isinstance(ciphers, six.text_type):
+            ciphers = ciphers.encode("utf-8")
+        self._ctx.set_cipher_list(ciphers)
+
+    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+        if cafile is not None:
+            cafile = cafile.encode("utf-8")
+        if capath is not None:
+            capath = capath.encode("utf-8")
+        try:
+            self._ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile, capath)
+            if cadata is not None:
+                self._ctx.load_verify_locations(BytesIO(cadata))
+        except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("unable to load trusted certificates: %r" % e)
+
+    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
+        self._ctx.use_certificate_chain_file(certfile)
+        if password is not None:
+            if not isinstance(password, six.binary_type):
+                password = password.encode("utf-8")
+            self._ctx.set_passwd_cb(lambda *_: password)
+        self._ctx.use_privatekey_file(keyfile or certfile)
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        protocols = [six.ensure_binary(p) for p in protocols]
+        return self._ctx.set_alpn_protos(protocols)
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
+        cnx = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(self._ctx, sock)
+
+        if isinstance(server_hostname, six.text_type):  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+            server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
+
+        if server_hostname is not None:
+            cnx.set_tlsext_host_name(server_hostname)
+
+        cnx.set_connect_state()
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                cnx.do_handshake()
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError:
+                if not util.wait_for_read(sock, sock.gettimeout()):
+                    raise timeout("select timed out")
+                continue
+            except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("bad handshake: %r" % e)
+            break
+
+        return WrappedSocket(cnx, sock)
+
+
+def _verify_callback(cnx, x509, err_no, err_depth, return_code):
+    return err_no == 0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a06bc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py
@@ -0,0 +1,921 @@
+"""
+SecureTranport support for urllib3 via ctypes.
+
+This makes platform-native TLS available to urllib3 users on macOS without the
+use of a compiler. This is an important feature because the Python Package
+Index is moving to become a TLSv1.2-or-higher server, and the default OpenSSL
+that ships with macOS is not capable of doing TLSv1.2. The only way to resolve
+this is to give macOS users an alternative solution to the problem, and that
+solution is to use SecureTransport.
+
+We use ctypes here because this solution must not require a compiler. That's
+because pip is not allowed to require a compiler either.
+
+This is not intended to be a seriously long-term solution to this problem.
+The hope is that PEP 543 will eventually solve this issue for us, at which
+point we can retire this contrib module. But in the short term, we need to
+solve the impending tire fire that is Python on Mac without this kind of
+contrib module. So...here we are.
+
+To use this module, simply import and inject it::
+
+    import pip._vendor.urllib3.contrib.securetransport as securetransport
+    securetransport.inject_into_urllib3()
+
+Happy TLSing!
+
+This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
+library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
+that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
+license and by oscrypto's:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+    copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+    to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+    the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+    and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+    Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import contextlib
+import ctypes
+import errno
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import socket
+import ssl
+import struct
+import threading
+import weakref
+
+from pip._vendor import six
+
+from .. import util
+from ..util.ssl_ import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+from ._securetransport.bindings import CoreFoundation, Security, SecurityConst
+from ._securetransport.low_level import (
+    _assert_no_error,
+    _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert,
+    _cert_array_from_pem,
+    _create_cfstring_array,
+    _load_client_cert_chain,
+    _temporary_keychain,
+)
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+    from socket import _fileobject
+except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+    _fileobject = None
+    from ..packages.backports.makefile import backport_makefile
+
+__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
+
+# SNI always works
+HAS_SNI = True
+
+orig_util_HAS_SNI = util.HAS_SNI
+orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
+
+# This dictionary is used by the read callback to obtain a handle to the
+# calling wrapped socket. This is a pretty silly approach, but for now it'll
+# do. I feel like I should be able to smuggle a handle to the wrapped socket
+# directly in the SSLConnectionRef, but for now this approach will work I
+# guess.
+#
+# We need to lock around this structure for inserts, but we don't do it for
+# reads/writes in the callbacks. The reasoning here goes as follows:
+#
+#    1. It is not possible to call into the callbacks before the dictionary is
+#       populated, so once in the callback the id must be in the dictionary.
+#    2. The callbacks don't mutate the dictionary, they only read from it, and
+#       so cannot conflict with any of the insertions.
+#
+# This is good: if we had to lock in the callbacks we'd drastically slow down
+# the performance of this code.
+_connection_refs = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+_connection_ref_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+# Limit writes to 16kB. This is OpenSSL's limit, but we'll cargo-cult it over
+# for no better reason than we need *a* limit, and this one is right there.
+SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+# This is our equivalent of util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS, but expanded out to
+# individual cipher suites. We need to do this because this is how
+# SecureTransport wants them.
+CIPHER_SUITES = [
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    SecurityConst.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+]
+
+# Basically this is simple: for PROTOCOL_SSLv23 we turn it into a low of
+# TLSv1 and a high of TLSv1.2. For everything else, we pin to that version.
+# TLSv1 to 1.2 are supported on macOS 10.8+
+_protocol_to_min_max = {
+    util.PROTOCOL_TLS: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12),
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12),
+}
+
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv2"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = (
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = (
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+        SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
+    )
+if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"):
+    _protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = (
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+        SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
+    )
+
+
+def inject_into_urllib3():
+    """
+    Monkey-patch urllib3 with SecureTransport-backed SSL-support.
+    """
+    util.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+    util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+
+
+def extract_from_urllib3():
+    """
+    Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`.
+    """
+    util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
+    util.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.ssl_.HAS_SNI = orig_util_HAS_SNI
+    util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+    util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+
+
+def _read_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
+    """
+    SecureTransport read callback. This is called by ST to request that data
+    be returned from the socket.
+    """
+    wrapped_socket = None
+    try:
+        wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
+        if wrapped_socket is None:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+        base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
+
+        requested_length = data_length_pointer[0]
+
+        timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
+        error = None
+        read_count = 0
+
+        try:
+            while read_count < requested_length:
+                if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
+                    if not util.wait_for_read(base_socket, timeout):
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
+
+                remaining = requested_length - read_count
+                buffer = (ctypes.c_char * remaining).from_address(
+                    data_buffer + read_count
+                )
+                chunk_size = base_socket.recv_into(buffer, remaining)
+                read_count += chunk_size
+                if not chunk_size:
+                    if not read_count:
+                        return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful
+                    break
+        except (socket.error) as e:
+            error = e.errno
+
+            if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
+                data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
+                if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
+                    return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
+                raise
+
+        data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
+
+        if read_count != requested_length:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
+
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        if wrapped_socket is not None:
+            wrapped_socket._exception = e
+        return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+
+
+def _write_callback(connection_id, data_buffer, data_length_pointer):
+    """
+    SecureTransport write callback. This is called by ST to request that data
+    actually be sent on the network.
+    """
+    wrapped_socket = None
+    try:
+        wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
+        if wrapped_socket is None:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+        base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
+
+        bytes_to_write = data_length_pointer[0]
+        data = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, bytes_to_write)
+
+        timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
+        error = None
+        sent = 0
+
+        try:
+            while sent < bytes_to_write:
+                if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
+                    if not util.wait_for_write(base_socket, timeout):
+                        raise socket.error(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
+                chunk_sent = base_socket.send(data)
+                sent += chunk_sent
+
+                # This has some needless copying here, but I'm not sure there's
+                # much value in optimising this data path.
+                data = data[chunk_sent:]
+        except (socket.error) as e:
+            error = e.errno
+
+            if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
+                data_length_pointer[0] = sent
+                if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
+                    return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
+                raise
+
+        data_length_pointer[0] = sent
+
+        if sent != bytes_to_write:
+            return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
+
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        if wrapped_socket is not None:
+            wrapped_socket._exception = e
+        return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
+
+
+# We need to keep these two objects references alive: if they get GC'd while
+# in use then SecureTransport could attempt to call a function that is in freed
+# memory. That would be...uh...bad. Yeah, that's the word. Bad.
+_read_callback_pointer = Security.SSLReadFunc(_read_callback)
+_write_callback_pointer = Security.SSLWriteFunc(_write_callback)
+
+
+class WrappedSocket(object):
+    """
+    API-compatibility wrapper for Python's OpenSSL wrapped socket object.
+
+    Note: _makefile_refs, _drop(), and _reuse() are needed for the garbage
+    collector of PyPy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, socket):
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.context = None
+        self._makefile_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+        self._exception = None
+        self._keychain = None
+        self._keychain_dir = None
+        self._client_cert_chain = None
+
+        # We save off the previously-configured timeout and then set it to
+        # zero. This is done because we use select and friends to handle the
+        # timeouts, but if we leave the timeout set on the lower socket then
+        # Python will "kindly" call select on that socket again for us. Avoid
+        # that by forcing the timeout to zero.
+        self._timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
+        self.socket.settimeout(0)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _raise_on_error(self):
+        """
+        A context manager that can be used to wrap calls that do I/O from
+        SecureTransport. If any of the I/O callbacks hit an exception, this
+        context manager will correctly propagate the exception after the fact.
+        This avoids silently swallowing those exceptions.
+
+        It also correctly forces the socket closed.
+        """
+        self._exception = None
+
+        # We explicitly don't catch around this yield because in the unlikely
+        # event that an exception was hit in the block we don't want to swallow
+        # it.
+        yield
+        if self._exception is not None:
+            exception, self._exception = self._exception, None
+            self.close()
+            raise exception
+
+    def _set_ciphers(self):
+        """
+        Sets up the allowed ciphers. By default this matches the set in
+        util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS, at least as supported by macOS. This is done
+        custom and doesn't allow changing at this time, mostly because parsing
+        OpenSSL cipher strings is going to be a freaking nightmare.
+        """
+        ciphers = (Security.SSLCipherSuite * len(CIPHER_SUITES))(*CIPHER_SUITES)
+        result = Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers(
+            self.context, ciphers, len(CIPHER_SUITES)
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+    def _set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        """
+        Sets up the ALPN protocols on the context.
+        """
+        if not protocols:
+            return
+        protocols_arr = _create_cfstring_array(protocols)
+        try:
+            result = Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols(self.context, protocols_arr)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+        finally:
+            CoreFoundation.CFRelease(protocols_arr)
+
+    def _custom_validate(self, verify, trust_bundle):
+        """
+        Called when we have set custom validation. We do this in two cases:
+        first, when cert validation is entirely disabled; and second, when
+        using a custom trust DB.
+        Raises an SSLError if the connection is not trusted.
+        """
+        # If we disabled cert validation, just say: cool.
+        if not verify:
+            return
+
+        successes = (
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultUnspecified,
+            SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultProceed,
+        )
+        try:
+            trust_result = self._evaluate_trust(trust_bundle)
+            if trust_result in successes:
+                return
+            reason = "error code: %d" % (trust_result,)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Do not trust on error
+            reason = "exception: %r" % (e,)
+
+        # SecureTransport does not send an alert nor shuts down the connection.
+        rec = _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(self.version())
+        self.socket.sendall(rec)
+        # close the connection immediately
+        # l_onoff = 1, activate linger
+        # l_linger = 0, linger for 0 seoncds
+        opts = struct.pack("ii", 1, 0)
+        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER, opts)
+        self.close()
+        raise ssl.SSLError("certificate verify failed, %s" % reason)
+
+    def _evaluate_trust(self, trust_bundle):
+        # We want data in memory, so load it up.
+        if os.path.isfile(trust_bundle):
+            with open(trust_bundle, "rb") as f:
+                trust_bundle = f.read()
+
+        cert_array = None
+        trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+
+        try:
+            # Get a CFArray that contains the certs we want.
+            cert_array = _cert_array_from_pem(trust_bundle)
+
+            # Ok, now the hard part. We want to get the SecTrustRef that ST has
+            # created for this connection, shove our CAs into it, tell ST to
+            # ignore everything else it knows, and then ask if it can build a
+            # chain. This is a buuuunch of code.
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+            if not trust:
+                raise ssl.SSLError("Failed to copy trust reference")
+
+            result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, cert_array)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+            result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trust, True)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+            trust_result = Security.SecTrustResultType()
+            result = Security.SecTrustEvaluate(trust, ctypes.byref(trust_result))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+        finally:
+            if trust:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
+
+            if cert_array is not None:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
+
+        return trust_result.value
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        server_hostname,
+        verify,
+        trust_bundle,
+        min_version,
+        max_version,
+        client_cert,
+        client_key,
+        client_key_passphrase,
+        alpn_protocols,
+    ):
+        """
+        Actually performs the TLS handshake. This is run automatically by
+        wrapped socket, and shouldn't be needed in user code.
+        """
+        # First, we do the initial bits of connection setup. We need to create
+        # a context, set its I/O funcs, and set the connection reference.
+        self.context = Security.SSLCreateContext(
+            None, SecurityConst.kSSLClientSide, SecurityConst.kSSLStreamType
+        )
+        result = Security.SSLSetIOFuncs(
+            self.context, _read_callback_pointer, _write_callback_pointer
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Here we need to compute the handle to use. We do this by taking the
+        # id of self modulo 2**31 - 1. If this is already in the dictionary, we
+        # just keep incrementing by one until we find a free space.
+        with _connection_ref_lock:
+            handle = id(self) % 2147483647
+            while handle in _connection_refs:
+                handle = (handle + 1) % 2147483647
+            _connection_refs[handle] = self
+
+        result = Security.SSLSetConnection(self.context, handle)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If we have a server hostname, we should set that too.
+        if server_hostname:
+            if not isinstance(server_hostname, bytes):
+                server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
+
+            result = Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName(
+                self.context, server_hostname, len(server_hostname)
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Setup the ciphers.
+        self._set_ciphers()
+
+        # Setup the ALPN protocols.
+        self._set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
+
+        # Set the minimum and maximum TLS versions.
+        result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin(self.context, min_version)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(self.context, max_version)
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If there's a trust DB, we need to use it. We do that by telling
+        # SecureTransport to break on server auth. We also do that if we don't
+        # want to validate the certs at all: we just won't actually do any
+        # authing in that case.
+        if not verify or trust_bundle is not None:
+            result = Security.SSLSetSessionOption(
+                self.context, SecurityConst.kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth, True
+            )
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # If there's a client cert, we need to use it.
+        if client_cert:
+            self._keychain, self._keychain_dir = _temporary_keychain()
+            self._client_cert_chain = _load_client_cert_chain(
+                self._keychain, client_cert, client_key
+            )
+            result = Security.SSLSetCertificate(self.context, self._client_cert_chain)
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        while True:
+            with self._raise_on_error():
+                result = Security.SSLHandshake(self.context)
+
+                if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
+                    raise socket.timeout("handshake timed out")
+                elif result == SecurityConst.errSSLServerAuthCompleted:
+                    self._custom_validate(verify, trust_bundle)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    _assert_no_error(result)
+                    break
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    # Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs > 0:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def recv(self, bufsiz):
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufsiz)
+        bytes_read = self.recv_into(buffer, bufsiz)
+        data = buffer[:bytes_read]
+        return data
+
+    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None):
+        # Read short on EOF.
+        if self._closed:
+            return 0
+
+        if nbytes is None:
+            nbytes = len(buffer)
+
+        buffer = (ctypes.c_char * nbytes).from_buffer(buffer)
+        processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
+
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            result = Security.SSLRead(
+                self.context, buffer, nbytes, ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
+            )
+
+        # There are some result codes that we want to treat as "not always
+        # errors". Specifically, those are errSSLWouldBlock,
+        # errSSLClosedGraceful, and errSSLClosedNoNotify.
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
+            # If we didn't process any bytes, then this was just a time out.
+            # However, we can get errSSLWouldBlock in situations when we *did*
+            # read some data, and in those cases we should just read "short"
+            # and return.
+            if processed_bytes.value == 0:
+                # Timed out, no data read.
+                raise socket.timeout("recv timed out")
+        elif result in (
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful,
+            SecurityConst.errSSLClosedNoNotify,
+        ):
+            # The remote peer has closed this connection. We should do so as
+            # well. Note that we don't actually return here because in
+            # principle this could actually be fired along with return data.
+            # It's unlikely though.
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # Ok, we read and probably succeeded. We should return whatever data
+        # was actually read.
+        return processed_bytes.value
+
+    def settimeout(self, timeout):
+        self._timeout = timeout
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return self._timeout
+
+    def send(self, data):
+        processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
+
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            result = Security.SSLWrite(
+                self.context, data, len(data), ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
+            )
+
+        if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock and processed_bytes.value == 0:
+            # Timed out
+            raise socket.timeout("send timed out")
+        else:
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+
+        # We sent, and probably succeeded. Tell them how much we sent.
+        return processed_bytes.value
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        total_sent = 0
+        while total_sent < len(data):
+            sent = self.send(data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
+            total_sent += sent
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        with self._raise_on_error():
+            Security.SSLClose(self.context)
+
+    def close(self):
+        # TODO: should I do clean shutdown here? Do I have to?
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self._closed = True
+            if self.context:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self.context)
+                self.context = None
+            if self._client_cert_chain:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._client_cert_chain)
+                self._client_cert_chain = None
+            if self._keychain:
+                Security.SecKeychainDelete(self._keychain)
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._keychain)
+                shutil.rmtree(self._keychain_dir)
+                self._keychain = self._keychain_dir = None
+            return self.socket.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        # Urgh, annoying.
+        #
+        # Here's how we do this:
+        #
+        # 1. Call SSLCopyPeerTrust to get hold of the trust object for this
+        #    connection.
+        # 2. Call SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex for index 0 to get the leaf.
+        # 3. To get the CN, call SecCertificateCopyCommonName and process that
+        #    string so that it's of the appropriate type.
+        # 4. To get the SAN, we need to do something a bit more complex:
+        #    a. Call SecCertificateCopyValues to get the data, requesting
+        #       kSecOIDSubjectAltName.
+        #    b. Mess about with this dictionary to try to get the SANs out.
+        #
+        # This is gross. Really gross. It's going to be a few hundred LoC extra
+        # just to repeat something that SecureTransport can *already do*. So my
+        # operating assumption at this time is that what we want to do is
+        # instead to just flag to urllib3 that it shouldn't do its own hostname
+        # validation when using SecureTransport.
+        if not binary_form:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport only supports dumping binary certs")
+        trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
+        certdata = None
+        der_bytes = None
+
+        try:
+            # Grab the trust store.
+            result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
+            _assert_no_error(result)
+            if not trust:
+                # Probably we haven't done the handshake yet. No biggie.
+                return None
+
+            cert_count = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust)
+            if not cert_count:
+                # Also a case that might happen if we haven't handshaked.
+                # Handshook? Handshaken?
+                return None
+
+            leaf = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, 0)
+            assert leaf
+
+            # Ok, now we want the DER bytes.
+            certdata = Security.SecCertificateCopyData(leaf)
+            assert certdata
+
+            data_length = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength(certdata)
+            data_buffer = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr(certdata)
+            der_bytes = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, data_length)
+        finally:
+            if certdata:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
+            if trust:
+                CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
+
+        return der_bytes
+
+    def version(self):
+        protocol = Security.SSLProtocol()
+        result = Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion(
+            self.context, ctypes.byref(protocol)
+        )
+        _assert_no_error(result)
+        if protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol13:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3")
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12:
+            return "TLSv1.2"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11:
+            return "TLSv1.1"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1:
+            return "TLSv1"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3:
+            return "SSLv3"
+        elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2:
+            return "SSLv2"
+        else:
+            raise ssl.SSLError("Unknown TLS version: %r" % protocol)
+
+    def _reuse(self):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+
+    def _drop(self):
+        if self._makefile_refs < 1:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self._makefile_refs -= 1
+
+
+if _fileobject:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=-1):
+        self._makefile_refs += 1
+        return _fileobject(self, mode, bufsize, close=True)
+
+else:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
+
+    def makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        # We disable buffering with SecureTransport because it conflicts with
+        # the buffering that ST does internally (see issue #1153 for more).
+        buffering = 0
+        return backport_makefile(self, mode, buffering, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile
+
+
+class SecureTransportContext(object):
+    """
+    I am a wrapper class for the SecureTransport library, to translate the
+    interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object to calls into
+    SecureTransport.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, protocol):
+        self._min_version, self._max_version = _protocol_to_min_max[protocol]
+        self._options = 0
+        self._verify = False
+        self._trust_bundle = None
+        self._client_cert = None
+        self._client_key = None
+        self._client_key_passphrase = None
+        self._alpn_protocols = None
+
+    @property
+    def check_hostname(self):
+        """
+        SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
+        see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @check_hostname.setter
+    def check_hostname(self, value):
+        """
+        SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
+        see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def options(self):
+        # TODO: Well, crap.
+        #
+        # So this is the bit of the code that is the most likely to cause us
+        # trouble. Essentially we need to enumerate all of the SSL options that
+        # users might want to use and try to see if we can sensibly translate
+        # them, or whether we should just ignore them.
+        return self._options
+
+    @options.setter
+    def options(self, value):
+        # TODO: Update in line with above.
+        self._options = value
+
+    @property
+    def verify_mode(self):
+        return ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if self._verify else ssl.CERT_NONE
+
+    @verify_mode.setter
+    def verify_mode(self, value):
+        self._verify = True if value == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED else False
+
+    def set_default_verify_paths(self):
+        # So, this has to do something a bit weird. Specifically, what it does
+        # is nothing.
+        #
+        # This means that, if we had previously had load_verify_locations
+        # called, this does not undo that. We need to do that because it turns
+        # out that the rest of the urllib3 code will attempt to load the
+        # default verify paths if it hasn't been told about any paths, even if
+        # the context itself was sometime earlier. We resolve that by just
+        # ignoring it.
+        pass
+
+    def load_default_certs(self):
+        return self.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+    def set_ciphers(self, ciphers):
+        # For now, we just require the default cipher string.
+        if ciphers != util.ssl_.DEFAULT_CIPHERS:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport doesn't support custom cipher strings")
+
+    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+        # OK, we only really support cadata and cafile.
+        if capath is not None:
+            raise ValueError("SecureTransport does not support cert directories")
+
+        # Raise if cafile does not exist.
+        if cafile is not None:
+            with open(cafile):
+                pass
+
+        self._trust_bundle = cafile or cadata
+
+    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
+        self._client_cert = certfile
+        self._client_key = keyfile
+        self._client_cert_passphrase = password
+
+    def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols):
+        """
+        Sets the ALPN protocols that will later be set on the context.
+
+        Raises a NotImplementedError if ALPN is not supported.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(Security, "SSLSetALPNProtocols"):
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "SecureTransport supports ALPN only in macOS 10.12+"
+            )
+        self._alpn_protocols = [six.ensure_binary(p) for p in protocols]
+
+    def wrap_socket(
+        self,
+        sock,
+        server_side=False,
+        do_handshake_on_connect=True,
+        suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
+        server_hostname=None,
+    ):
+        # So, what do we do here? Firstly, we assert some properties. This is a
+        # stripped down shim, so there is some functionality we don't support.
+        # See PEP 543 for the real deal.
+        assert not server_side
+        assert do_handshake_on_connect
+        assert suppress_ragged_eofs
+
+        # Ok, we're good to go. Now we want to create the wrapped socket object
+        # and store it in the appropriate place.
+        wrapped_socket = WrappedSocket(sock)
+
+        # Now we can handshake
+        wrapped_socket.handshake(
+            server_hostname,
+            self._verify,
+            self._trust_bundle,
+            self._min_version,
+            self._max_version,
+            self._client_cert,
+            self._client_key,
+            self._client_key_passphrase,
+            self._alpn_protocols,
+        )
+        return wrapped_socket
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c326e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/contrib/socks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+This module contains provisional support for SOCKS proxies from within
+urllib3. This module supports SOCKS4, SOCKS4A (an extension of SOCKS4), and
+SOCKS5. To enable its functionality, either install PySocks or install this
+module with the ``socks`` extra.
+
+The SOCKS implementation supports the full range of urllib3 features. It also
+supports the following SOCKS features:
+
+- SOCKS4A (``proxy_url='socks4a://...``)
+- SOCKS4 (``proxy_url='socks4://...``)
+- SOCKS5 with remote DNS (``proxy_url='socks5h://...``)
+- SOCKS5 with local DNS (``proxy_url='socks5://...``)
+- Usernames and passwords for the SOCKS proxy
+
+.. note::
+   It is recommended to use ``socks5h://`` or ``socks4a://`` schemes in
+   your ``proxy_url`` to ensure that DNS resolution is done from the remote
+   server instead of client-side when connecting to a domain name.
+
+SOCKS4 supports IPv4 and domain names with the SOCKS4A extension. SOCKS5
+supports IPv4, IPv6, and domain names.
+
+When connecting to a SOCKS4 proxy the ``username`` portion of the ``proxy_url``
+will be sent as the ``userid`` section of the SOCKS request:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    proxy_url="socks4a://<userid>@proxy-host"
+
+When connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy the ``username`` and ``password`` portion
+of the ``proxy_url`` will be sent as the username/password to authenticate
+with the proxy:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    proxy_url="socks5h://<username>:<password>@proxy-host"
+
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+try:
+    import socks
+except ImportError:
+    import warnings
+
+    from ..exceptions import DependencyWarning
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        (
+            "SOCKS support in urllib3 requires the installation of optional "
+            "dependencies: specifically, PySocks.  For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/contrib.html#socks-proxies"
+        ),
+        DependencyWarning,
+    )
+    raise
+
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+from ..connection import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
+from ..connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
+from ..exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError, NewConnectionError
+from ..poolmanager import PoolManager
+from ..util.url import parse_url
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+except ImportError:
+    ssl = None
+
+
+class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    """
+    A plain-text HTTP connection that connects via a SOCKS proxy.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._socks_options = kwargs.pop("_socks_options")
+        super(SOCKSConnection, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        """
+        Establish a new connection via the SOCKS proxy.
+        """
+        extra_kw = {}
+        if self.source_address:
+            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
+
+        if self.socket_options:
+            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
+
+        try:
+            conn = socks.create_connection(
+                (self.host, self.port),
+                proxy_type=self._socks_options["socks_version"],
+                proxy_addr=self._socks_options["proxy_host"],
+                proxy_port=self._socks_options["proxy_port"],
+                proxy_username=self._socks_options["username"],
+                proxy_password=self._socks_options["password"],
+                proxy_rdns=self._socks_options["rdns"],
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                **extra_kw
+            )
+
+        except SocketTimeout:
+            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self,
+                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                % (self.host, self.timeout),
+            )
+
+        except socks.ProxyError as e:
+            # This is fragile as hell, but it seems to be the only way to raise
+            # useful errors here.
+            if e.socket_err:
+                error = e.socket_err
+                if isinstance(error, SocketTimeout):
+                    raise ConnectTimeoutError(
+                        self,
+                        "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
+                        % (self.host, self.timeout),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise NewConnectionError(
+                        self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % error
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise NewConnectionError(
+                    self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+                )
+
+        except SocketError as e:  # Defensive: PySocks should catch all these.
+            raise NewConnectionError(
+                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
+            )
+
+        return conn
+
+
+# We don't need to duplicate the Verified/Unverified distinction from
+# urllib3/connection.py here because the HTTPSConnection will already have been
+# correctly set to either the Verified or Unverified form by that module. This
+# means the SOCKSHTTPSConnection will automatically be the correct type.
+class SOCKSHTTPSConnection(SOCKSConnection, HTTPSConnection):
+    pass
+
+
+class SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SOCKSConnection
+
+
+class SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SOCKSHTTPSConnection
+
+
+class SOCKSProxyManager(PoolManager):
+    """
+    A version of the urllib3 ProxyManager that routes connections via the
+    defined SOCKS proxy.
+    """
+
+    pool_classes_by_scheme = {
+        "http": SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool,
+        "https": SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
+        parsed = parse_url(proxy_url)
+
+        if username is None and password is None and parsed.auth is not None:
+            split = parsed.auth.split(":")
+            if len(split) == 2:
+                username, password = split
+        if parsed.scheme == "socks5":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
+            rdns = False
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks5h":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
+            rdns = True
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
+            rdns = False
+        elif parsed.scheme == "socks4a":
+            socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
+            rdns = True
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unable to determine SOCKS version from %s" % proxy_url)
+
+        self.proxy_url = proxy_url
+
+        socks_options = {
+            "socks_version": socks_version,
+            "proxy_host": parsed.host,
+            "proxy_port": parsed.port,
+            "username": username,
+            "password": password,
+            "rdns": rdns,
+        }
+        connection_pool_kw["_socks_options"] = socks_options
+
+        super(SOCKSProxyManager, self).__init__(
+            num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw
+        )
+
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = SOCKSProxyManager.pool_classes_by_scheme
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cba6f3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
+
+# Base Exceptions
+
+
+class HTTPError(Exception):
+    """Base exception used by this module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HTTPWarning(Warning):
+    """Base warning used by this module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class PoolError(HTTPError):
+    """Base exception for errors caused within a pool."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, message):
+        self.pool = pool
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, "%s: %s" % (pool, message))
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # For pickling purposes.
+        return self.__class__, (None, None)
+
+
+class RequestError(PoolError):
+    """Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, message):
+        self.url = url
+        PoolError.__init__(self, pool, message)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # For pickling purposes.
+        return self.__class__, (None, self.url, None)
+
+
+class SSLError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when the connection to a proxy fails."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message, error, *args):
+        super(ProxyError, self).__init__(message, error, *args)
+        self.original_error = error
+
+
+class DecodeError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProtocolError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when something unexpected happens mid-request/response."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+#: Renamed to ProtocolError but aliased for backwards compatibility.
+ConnectionError = ProtocolError
+
+
+# Leaf Exceptions
+
+
+class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
+    """Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded.
+
+    :param pool: The connection pool
+    :type pool: :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
+    :param string url: The requested Url
+    :param exceptions.Exception reason: The underlying error
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, reason=None):
+        self.reason = reason
+
+        message = "Max retries exceeded with url: %s (Caused by %r)" % (url, reason)
+
+        RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
+
+
+class HostChangedError(RequestError):
+    """Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pool, url, retries=3):
+        message = "Tried to open a foreign host with url: %s" % url
+        RequestError.__init__(self, pool, url, message)
+        self.retries = retries
+
+
+class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout error occurs.
+
+    Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
+    <ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ReadTimeoutError(TimeoutError, RequestError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout occurs while receiving data from a server"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+# This timeout error does not have a URL attached and needs to inherit from the
+# base HTTPError
+class ConnectTimeoutError(TimeoutError):
+    """Raised when a socket timeout occurs while connecting to a server"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class NewConnectionError(ConnectTimeoutError, PoolError):
+    """Raised when we fail to establish a new connection. Usually ECONNREFUSED."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
+    """Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
+    """Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class LocationValueError(ValueError, HTTPError):
+    """Raised when there is something wrong with a given URL input."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class LocationParseError(LocationValueError):
+    """Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."""
+
+    def __init__(self, location):
+        message = "Failed to parse: %s" % location
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, message)
+
+        self.location = location
+
+
+class URLSchemeUnknown(LocationValueError):
+    """Raised when a URL input has an unsupported scheme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme):
+        message = "Not supported URL scheme %s" % scheme
+        super(URLSchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
+
+        self.scheme = scheme
+
+
+class ResponseError(HTTPError):
+    """Used as a container for an error reason supplied in a MaxRetryError."""
+
+    GENERIC_ERROR = "too many error responses"
+    SPECIFIC_ERROR = "too many {status_code} error responses"
+
+
+class SecurityWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """Warned when performing security reducing actions"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SubjectAltNameWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when connecting to a host with a certificate missing a SAN."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecureRequestWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when making an unverified HTTPS request."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SystemTimeWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when system time is suspected to be wrong"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class InsecurePlatformWarning(SecurityWarning):
+    """Warned when certain TLS/SSL configuration is not available on a platform."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class SNIMissingWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """Warned when making a HTTPS request without SNI available."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class DependencyWarning(HTTPWarning):
+    """
+    Warned when an attempt is made to import a module with missing optional
+    dependencies.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ResponseNotChunked(ProtocolError, ValueError):
+    """Response needs to be chunked in order to read it as chunks."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class BodyNotHttplibCompatible(HTTPError):
+    """
+    Body should be :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` like
+    (have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks) for read_chunked().
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
+    """
+    Response length doesn't match expected Content-Length
+
+    Subclass of :class:`http.client.IncompleteRead` to allow int value
+    for ``partial`` to avoid creating large objects on streamed reads.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, partial, expected):
+        super(IncompleteRead, self).__init__(partial, expected)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, %i more expected)" % (
+            self.partial,
+            self.expected,
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidChunkLength(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
+    """Invalid chunk length in a chunked response."""
+
+    def __init__(self, response, length):
+        super(InvalidChunkLength, self).__init__(
+            response.tell(), response.length_remaining
+        )
+        self.response = response
+        self.length = length
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "InvalidChunkLength(got length %r, %i bytes read)" % (
+            self.length,
+            self.partial,
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(HTTPError):
+    """The header provided was somehow invalid."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxySchemeUnknown(AssertionError, URLSchemeUnknown):
+    """ProxyManager does not support the supplied scheme"""
+
+    # TODO(t-8ch): Stop inheriting from AssertionError in v2.0.
+
+    def __init__(self, scheme):
+        # 'localhost' is here because our URL parser parses
+        # localhost:8080 -> scheme=localhost, remove if we fix this.
+        if scheme == "localhost":
+            scheme = None
+        if scheme is None:
+            message = "Proxy URL had no scheme, should start with http:// or https://"
+        else:
+            message = (
+                "Proxy URL had unsupported scheme %s, should use http:// or https://"
+                % scheme
+            )
+        super(ProxySchemeUnknown, self).__init__(message)
+
+
+class ProxySchemeUnsupported(ValueError):
+    """Fetching HTTPS resources through HTTPS proxies is unsupported"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HeaderParsingError(HTTPError):
+    """Raised by assert_header_parsing, but we convert it to a log.warning statement."""
+
+    def __init__(self, defects, unparsed_data):
+        message = "%s, unparsed data: %r" % (defects or "Unknown", unparsed_data)
+        super(HeaderParsingError, self).__init__(message)
+
+
+class UnrewindableBodyError(HTTPError):
+    """urllib3 encountered an error when trying to rewind a body"""
+
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d630f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import email.utils
+import mimetypes
+import re
+
+from .packages import six
+
+
+def guess_content_type(filename, default="application/octet-stream"):
+    """
+    Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
+
+    :param filename:
+        The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
+    :param default:
+        If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
+    """
+    if filename:
+        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
+    return default
+
+
+def format_header_param_rfc2231(name, value):
+    """
+    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
+    strategy defined in RFC 2231.
+
+    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
+    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows
+    `RFC 2388 Section 4.4 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-4.4>`_.
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+    :param value:
+        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
+    :ret:
+        An RFC-2231-formatted unicode string.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
+        result = u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+        try:
+            result.encode("ascii")
+        except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            return result
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2:
+        value = value.encode("utf-8")
+
+    # encode_rfc2231 accepts an encoded string and returns an ascii-encoded
+    # string in Python 2 but accepts and returns unicode strings in Python 3
+    value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
+    value = "%s*=%s" % (name, value)
+
+    if six.PY2:  # Python 2:
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    return value
+
+
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS = {
+    u"\u0022": u"%22",
+    # Replace "\" with "\\".
+    u"\u005C": u"\u005C\u005C",
+}
+
+# All control characters from 0x00 to 0x1F *except* 0x1B.
+_HTML5_REPLACEMENTS.update(
+    {
+        six.unichr(cc): u"%{:02X}".format(cc)
+        for cc in range(0x00, 0x1F + 1)
+        if cc not in (0x1B,)
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _replace_multiple(value, needles_and_replacements):
+    def replacer(match):
+        return needles_and_replacements[match.group(0)]
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r"|".join([re.escape(needle) for needle in needles_and_replacements.keys()])
+    )
+
+    result = pattern.sub(replacer, value)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def format_header_param_html5(name, value):
+    """
+    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
+    HTML5 strategy.
+
+    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
+    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows the `HTML5 Working Draft
+    Section 4.10.22.7`_ and matches the behavior of curl and modern browsers.
+
+    .. _HTML5 Working Draft Section 4.10.22.7:
+        https://w3c.github.io/html/sec-forms.html#multipart-form-data
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+    :param value:
+        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
+    :ret:
+        A unicode string, stripped of troublesome characters.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, six.binary_type):
+        value = value.decode("utf-8")
+
+    value = _replace_multiple(value, _HTML5_REPLACEMENTS)
+
+    return u'%s="%s"' % (name, value)
+
+
+# For backwards-compatibility.
+format_header_param = format_header_param_html5
+
+
+class RequestField(object):
+    """
+    A data container for request body parameters.
+
+    :param name:
+        The name of this request field. Must be unicode.
+    :param data:
+        The data/value body.
+    :param filename:
+        An optional filename of the request field. Must be unicode.
+    :param headers:
+        An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.
+    :param header_formatter:
+        An optional callable that is used to encode and format the headers. By
+        default, this is :func:`format_header_param_html5`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name,
+        data,
+        filename=None,
+        headers=None,
+        header_formatter=format_header_param_html5,
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._filename = filename
+        self.data = data
+        self.headers = {}
+        if headers:
+            self.headers = dict(headers)
+        self.header_formatter = header_formatter
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_tuples(cls, fieldname, value, header_formatter=format_header_param_html5):
+        """
+        A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
+
+        Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from
+        parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a
+        (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional.
+        For example::
+
+            'foo': 'bar',
+            'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
+            'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
+            'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
+            'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
+
+        Field names and filenames must be unicode.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            if len(value) == 3:
+                filename, data, content_type = value
+            else:
+                filename, data = value
+                content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
+        else:
+            filename = None
+            content_type = None
+            data = value
+
+        request_param = cls(
+            fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
+        )
+        request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
+
+        return request_param
+
+    def _render_part(self, name, value):
+        """
+        Overridable helper function to format a single header parameter. By
+        default, this calls ``self.header_formatter``.
+
+        :param name:
+            The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
+        :param value:
+            The value of the parameter, provided as a unicode string.
+        """
+
+        return self.header_formatter(name, value)
+
+    def _render_parts(self, header_parts):
+        """
+        Helper function to format and quote a single header.
+
+        Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
+        'Content-Disposition' fields.
+
+        :param header_parts:
+            A sequence of (k, v) tuples or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format
+            as `k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
+        """
+        parts = []
+        iterable = header_parts
+        if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
+            iterable = header_parts.items()
+
+        for name, value in iterable:
+            if value is not None:
+                parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
+
+        return u"; ".join(parts)
+
+    def render_headers(self):
+        """
+        Renders the headers for this request field.
+        """
+        lines = []
+
+        sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
+        for sort_key in sort_keys:
+            if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
+                lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (sort_key, self.headers[sort_key]))
+
+        for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
+            if header_name not in sort_keys:
+                if header_value:
+                    lines.append(u"%s: %s" % (header_name, header_value))
+
+        lines.append(u"\r\n")
+        return u"\r\n".join(lines)
+
+    def make_multipart(
+        self, content_disposition=None, content_type=None, content_location=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
+
+        This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
+        "Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.
+
+        :param content_type:
+            The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
+        :param content_location:
+            The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
+
+        """
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition or u"form-data"
+        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] += u"; ".join(
+            [
+                u"",
+                self._render_parts(
+                    ((u"name", self._name), (u"filename", self._filename))
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
+        self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c9252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/filepost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import binascii
+import codecs
+import os
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from .fields import RequestField
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six import b
+
+writer = codecs.lookup("utf-8")[3]
+
+
+def choose_boundary():
+    """
+    Our embarrassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
+    """
+    boundary = binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16))
+    if not six.PY2:
+        boundary = boundary.decode("ascii")
+    return boundary
+
+
+def iter_field_objects(fields):
+    """
+    Iterate over fields.
+
+    Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts, and lists of
+    :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(fields, dict):
+        i = six.iteritems(fields)
+    else:
+        i = iter(fields)
+
+    for field in i:
+        if isinstance(field, RequestField):
+            yield field
+        else:
+            yield RequestField.from_tuples(*field)
+
+
+def iter_fields(fields):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.6
+
+    Iterate over fields.
+
+    The addition of :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` makes this function
+    obsolete. Instead, use :func:`iter_field_objects`, which returns
+    :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` objects.
+
+    Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
+    """
+    if isinstance(fields, dict):
+        return ((k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(fields))
+
+    return ((k, v) for k, v in fields)
+
+
+def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None):
+    """
+    Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
+
+    :param fields:
+        Dictionary of fields or list of (key, :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`).
+
+    :param boundary:
+        If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
+        :func:`urllib3.filepost.choose_boundary`.
+    """
+    body = BytesIO()
+    if boundary is None:
+        boundary = choose_boundary()
+
+    for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
+        body.write(b("--%s\r\n" % (boundary)))
+
+        writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
+        data = field.data
+
+        if isinstance(data, int):
+            data = str(data)  # Backwards compatibility
+
+        if isinstance(data, six.text_type):
+            writer(body).write(data)
+        else:
+            body.write(data)
+
+        body.write(b"\r\n")
+
+    body.write(b("--%s--\r\n" % (boundary)))
+
+    content_type = str("multipart/form-data; boundary=%s" % boundary)
+
+    return body.getvalue(), content_type
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/__pycache__/weakref_finalize.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/__pycache__/weakref_finalize.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8fb215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/makefile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+backports.makefile
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Backports the Python 3 ``socket.makefile`` method for use with anything that
+wants to create a "fake" socket object.
+"""
+import io
+from socket import SocketIO
+
+
+def backport_makefile(
+    self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+):
+    """
+    Backport of ``socket.makefile`` from Python 3.5.
+    """
+    if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
+        raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
+    writing = "w" in mode
+    reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+    assert reading or writing
+    binary = "b" in mode
+    rawmode = ""
+    if reading:
+        rawmode += "r"
+    if writing:
+        rawmode += "w"
+    raw = SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+    self._makefile_refs += 1
+    if buffering is None:
+        buffering = -1
+    if buffering < 0:
+        buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+    if buffering == 0:
+        if not binary:
+            raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+        return raw
+    if reading and writing:
+        buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+    elif reading:
+        buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+    else:
+        assert writing
+        buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+    if binary:
+        return buffer
+    text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+    text.mode = mode
+    return text
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2f2966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/backports/weakref_finalize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+backports.weakref_finalize
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Backports the Python 3 ``weakref.finalize`` method.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import itertools
+import sys
+from weakref import ref
+
+__all__ = ["weakref_finalize"]
+
+
+class weakref_finalize(object):
+    """Class for finalization of weakrefable objects
+    finalize(obj, func, *args, **kwargs) returns a callable finalizer
+    object which will be called when obj is garbage collected. The
+    first time the finalizer is called it evaluates func(*arg, **kwargs)
+    and returns the result. After this the finalizer is dead, and
+    calling it just returns None.
+    When the program exits any remaining finalizers for which the
+    atexit attribute is true will be run in reverse order of creation.
+    By default atexit is true.
+    """
+
+    # Finalizer objects don't have any state of their own.  They are
+    # just used as keys to lookup _Info objects in the registry.  This
+    # ensures that they cannot be part of a ref-cycle.
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _registry = {}
+    _shutdown = False
+    _index_iter = itertools.count()
+    _dirty = False
+    _registered_with_atexit = False
+
+    class _Info(object):
+        __slots__ = ("weakref", "func", "args", "kwargs", "atexit", "index")
+
+    def __init__(self, obj, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        if not self._registered_with_atexit:
+            # We may register the exit function more than once because
+            # of a thread race, but that is harmless
+            import atexit
+
+            atexit.register(self._exitfunc)
+            weakref_finalize._registered_with_atexit = True
+        info = self._Info()
+        info.weakref = ref(obj, self)
+        info.func = func
+        info.args = args
+        info.kwargs = kwargs or None
+        info.atexit = True
+        info.index = next(self._index_iter)
+        self._registry[self] = info
+        weakref_finalize._dirty = True
+
+    def __call__(self, _=None):
+        """If alive then mark as dead and return func(*args, **kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.pop(self, None)
+        if info and not self._shutdown:
+            return info.func(*info.args, **(info.kwargs or {}))
+
+    def detach(self):
+        """If alive then mark as dead and return (obj, func, args, kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is not None and self._registry.pop(self, None):
+            return (obj, info.func, info.args, info.kwargs or {})
+
+    def peek(self):
+        """If alive then return (obj, func, args, kwargs);
+        otherwise return None"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is not None:
+            return (obj, info.func, info.args, info.kwargs or {})
+
+    @property
+    def alive(self):
+        """Whether finalizer is alive"""
+        return self in self._registry
+
+    @property
+    def atexit(self):
+        """Whether finalizer should be called at exit"""
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        return bool(info) and info.atexit
+
+    @atexit.setter
+    def atexit(self, value):
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        if info:
+            info.atexit = bool(value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = self._registry.get(self)
+        obj = info and info.weakref()
+        if obj is None:
+            return "<%s object at %#x; dead>" % (type(self).__name__, id(self))
+        else:
+            return "<%s object at %#x; for %r at %#x>" % (
+                type(self).__name__,
+                id(self),
+                type(obj).__name__,
+                id(obj),
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _select_for_exit(cls):
+        # Return live finalizers marked for exit, oldest first
+        L = [(f, i) for (f, i) in cls._registry.items() if i.atexit]
+        L.sort(key=lambda item: item[1].index)
+        return [f for (f, i) in L]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _exitfunc(cls):
+        # At shutdown invoke finalizers for which atexit is true.
+        # This is called once all other non-daemonic threads have been
+        # joined.
+        reenable_gc = False
+        try:
+            if cls._registry:
+                import gc
+
+                if gc.isenabled():
+                    reenable_gc = True
+                    gc.disable()
+                pending = None
+                while True:
+                    if pending is None or weakref_finalize._dirty:
+                        pending = cls._select_for_exit()
+                        weakref_finalize._dirty = False
+                    if not pending:
+                        break
+                    f = pending.pop()
+                    try:
+                        # gc is disabled, so (assuming no daemonic
+                        # threads) the following is the only line in
+                        # this function which might trigger creation
+                        # of a new finalizer
+                        f()
+                    except Exception:
+                        sys.excepthook(*sys.exc_info())
+                    assert f not in cls._registry
+        finally:
+            # prevent any more finalizers from executing during shutdown
+            weakref_finalize._shutdown = True
+            if reenable_gc:
+                gc.enable()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f099a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/packages/six.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Benjamin Peterson
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+
+"""Utilities for writing code that runs on Python 2 and 3"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import functools
+import itertools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+
+__author__ = "Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>"
+__version__ = "1.16.0"
+
+
+# Useful for very coarse version differentiation.
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3
+PY34 = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = (str,)
+    integer_types = (int,)
+    class_types = (type,)
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    MAXSIZE = sys.maxsize
+else:
+    string_types = (basestring,)
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith("java"):
+        # Jython always uses 32 bits.
+        MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+    else:
+        # It's possible to have sizeof(long) != sizeof(Py_ssize_t).
+        class X(object):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 1 << 31
+
+        try:
+            len(X())
+        except OverflowError:
+            # 32-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 31) - 1)
+        else:
+            # 64-bit
+            MAXSIZE = int((1 << 63) - 1)
+        del X
+
+if PY34:
+    from importlib.util import spec_from_loader
+else:
+    spec_from_loader = None
+
+
+def _add_doc(func, doc):
+    """Add documentation to a function."""
+    func.__doc__ = doc
+
+
+def _import_module(name):
+    """Import module, returning the module after the last dot."""
+    __import__(name)
+    return sys.modules[name]
+
+
+class _LazyDescr(object):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, tp):
+        result = self._resolve()
+        setattr(obj, self.name, result)  # Invokes __set__.
+        try:
+            # This is a bit ugly, but it avoids running this again by
+            # removing this descriptor.
+            delattr(obj.__class__, self.name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+
+class MovedModule(_LazyDescr):
+    def __init__(self, name, old, new=None):
+        super(MovedModule, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new is None:
+                new = name
+            self.mod = new
+        else:
+            self.mod = old
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        return _import_module(self.mod)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        _module = self._resolve()
+        value = getattr(_module, attr)
+        setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return value
+
+
+class _LazyModule(types.ModuleType):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super(_LazyModule, self).__init__(name)
+        self.__doc__ = self.__class__.__doc__
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        attrs = ["__doc__", "__name__"]
+        attrs += [attr.name for attr in self._moved_attributes]
+        return attrs
+
+    # Subclasses should override this
+    _moved_attributes = []
+
+
+class MovedAttribute(_LazyDescr):
+    def __init__(self, name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None):
+        super(MovedAttribute, self).__init__(name)
+        if PY3:
+            if new_mod is None:
+                new_mod = name
+            self.mod = new_mod
+            if new_attr is None:
+                if old_attr is None:
+                    new_attr = name
+                else:
+                    new_attr = old_attr
+            self.attr = new_attr
+        else:
+            self.mod = old_mod
+            if old_attr is None:
+                old_attr = name
+            self.attr = old_attr
+
+    def _resolve(self):
+        module = _import_module(self.mod)
+        return getattr(module, self.attr)
+
+
+class _SixMetaPathImporter(object):
+
+    """
+    A meta path importer to import six.moves and its submodules.
+
+    This class implements a PEP302 finder and loader. It should be compatible
+    with Python 2.5 and all existing versions of Python3
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, six_module_name):
+        self.name = six_module_name
+        self.known_modules = {}
+
+    def _add_module(self, mod, *fullnames):
+        for fullname in fullnames:
+            self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname] = mod
+
+    def _get_module(self, fullname):
+        return self.known_modules[self.name + "." + fullname]
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        if fullname in self.known_modules:
+            return spec_from_loader(fullname, self)
+        return None
+
+    def __get_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            return self.known_modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ImportError("This loader does not know module " + fullname)
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        try:
+            # in case of a reload
+            return sys.modules[fullname]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        mod = self.__get_module(fullname)
+        if isinstance(mod, MovedModule):
+            mod = mod._resolve()
+        else:
+            mod.__loader__ = self
+        sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+        return mod
+
+    def is_package(self, fullname):
+        """
+        Return true, if the named module is a package.
+
+        We need this method to get correct spec objects with
+        Python 3.4 (see PEP451)
+        """
+        return hasattr(self.__get_module(fullname), "__path__")
+
+    def get_code(self, fullname):
+        """Return None
+
+        Required, if is_package is implemented"""
+        self.__get_module(fullname)  # eventually raises ImportError
+        return None
+
+    get_source = get_code  # same as get_code
+
+    def create_module(self, spec):
+        return self.load_module(spec.name)
+
+    def exec_module(self, module):
+        pass
+
+
+_importer = _SixMetaPathImporter(__name__)
+
+
+class _MovedItems(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects"""
+
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+
+
+_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("cStringIO", "cStringIO", "io", "StringIO"),
+    MovedAttribute("filter", "itertools", "builtins", "ifilter", "filter"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "filterfalse", "itertools", "itertools", "ifilterfalse", "filterfalse"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("input", "__builtin__", "builtins", "raw_input", "input"),
+    MovedAttribute("intern", "__builtin__", "sys"),
+    MovedAttribute("map", "itertools", "builtins", "imap", "map"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwd", "os", "os", "getcwdu", "getcwd"),
+    MovedAttribute("getcwdb", "os", "os", "getcwd", "getcwdb"),
+    MovedAttribute("getoutput", "commands", "subprocess"),
+    MovedAttribute("range", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "reload_module", "__builtin__", "importlib" if PY34 else "imp", "reload"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("reduce", "__builtin__", "functools"),
+    MovedAttribute("shlex_quote", "pipes", "shlex", "quote"),
+    MovedAttribute("StringIO", "StringIO", "io"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserDict", "UserDict", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserList", "UserList", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("UserString", "UserString", "collections"),
+    MovedAttribute("xrange", "__builtin__", "builtins", "xrange", "range"),
+    MovedAttribute("zip", "itertools", "builtins", "izip", "zip"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "zip_longest", "itertools", "itertools", "izip_longest", "zip_longest"
+    ),
+    MovedModule("builtins", "__builtin__"),
+    MovedModule("configparser", "ConfigParser"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "collections_abc",
+        "collections",
+        "collections.abc" if sys.version_info >= (3, 3) else "collections",
+    ),
+    MovedModule("copyreg", "copy_reg"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_gnu", "gdbm", "dbm.gnu"),
+    MovedModule("dbm_ndbm", "dbm", "dbm.ndbm"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "_dummy_thread",
+        "dummy_thread",
+        "_dummy_thread" if sys.version_info < (3, 9) else "_thread",
+    ),
+    MovedModule("http_cookiejar", "cookielib", "http.cookiejar"),
+    MovedModule("http_cookies", "Cookie", "http.cookies"),
+    MovedModule("html_entities", "htmlentitydefs", "html.entities"),
+    MovedModule("html_parser", "HTMLParser", "html.parser"),
+    MovedModule("http_client", "httplib", "http.client"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_base", "email.MIMEBase", "email.mime.base"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_image", "email.MIMEImage", "email.mime.image"),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_multipart", "email.MIMEMultipart", "email.mime.multipart"),
+    MovedModule(
+        "email_mime_nonmultipart", "email.MIMENonMultipart", "email.mime.nonmultipart"
+    ),
+    MovedModule("email_mime_text", "email.MIMEText", "email.mime.text"),
+    MovedModule("BaseHTTPServer", "BaseHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("CGIHTTPServer", "CGIHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("SimpleHTTPServer", "SimpleHTTPServer", "http.server"),
+    MovedModule("cPickle", "cPickle", "pickle"),
+    MovedModule("queue", "Queue"),
+    MovedModule("reprlib", "repr"),
+    MovedModule("socketserver", "SocketServer"),
+    MovedModule("_thread", "thread", "_thread"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter", "Tkinter"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dialog", "Dialog", "tkinter.dialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_filedialog", "FileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_scrolledtext", "ScrolledText", "tkinter.scrolledtext"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_simpledialog", "SimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tix", "Tix", "tkinter.tix"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_ttk", "ttk", "tkinter.ttk"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_constants", "Tkconstants", "tkinter.constants"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_dnd", "Tkdnd", "tkinter.dnd"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_colorchooser", "tkColorChooser", "tkinter.colorchooser"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_commondialog", "tkCommonDialog", "tkinter.commondialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tkfiledialog", "tkFileDialog", "tkinter.filedialog"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_font", "tkFont", "tkinter.font"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_messagebox", "tkMessageBox", "tkinter.messagebox"),
+    MovedModule("tkinter_tksimpledialog", "tkSimpleDialog", "tkinter.simpledialog"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_parse", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_error", __name__ + ".moves.urllib_error", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedModule("urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib", __name__ + ".moves.urllib"),
+    MovedModule("urllib_robotparser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_client", "xmlrpclib", "xmlrpc.client"),
+    MovedModule("xmlrpc_server", "SimpleXMLRPCServer", "xmlrpc.server"),
+]
+# Add windows specific modules.
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    _moved_attributes += [
+        MovedModule("winreg", "_winreg"),
+    ]
+
+for attr in _moved_attributes:
+    setattr(_MovedItems, attr.name, attr)
+    if isinstance(attr, MovedModule):
+        _importer._add_module(attr, "moves." + attr.name)
+del attr
+
+_MovedItems._moved_attributes = _moved_attributes
+
+moves = _MovedItems(__name__ + ".moves")
+_importer._add_module(moves, "moves")
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_parse"""
+
+
+_urllib_parse_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("ParseResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("SplitResult", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qs", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_qsl", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urldefrag", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urljoin", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunparse", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlunsplit", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("quote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("unquote_plus", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute(
+        "unquote_to_bytes", "urllib", "urllib.parse", "unquote", "unquote_to_bytes"
+    ),
+    MovedAttribute("urlencode", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitquery", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splittag", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splituser", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("splitvalue", "urllib", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_fragment", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_netloc", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_params", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_query", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+    MovedAttribute("uses_relative", "urlparse", "urllib.parse"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_parse_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_parse, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_parse._moved_attributes = _urllib_parse_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_parse(__name__ + ".moves.urllib_parse"),
+    "moves.urllib_parse",
+    "moves.urllib.parse",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_error(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_error"""
+
+
+_urllib_error_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("URLError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPError", "urllib2", "urllib.error"),
+    MovedAttribute("ContentTooShortError", "urllib", "urllib.error"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_error_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_error, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_error._moved_attributes = _urllib_error_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_error(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.error"),
+    "moves.urllib_error",
+    "moves.urllib.error",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_request(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_request"""
+
+
+_urllib_request_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("urlopen", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("install_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("build_opener", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("pathname2url", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("url2pathname", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("getproxies", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("Request", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("OpenerDirector", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDefaultErrorHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPRedirectHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPCookieProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("BaseHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgr", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyBasicAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("AbstractDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("ProxyDigestAuthHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPSHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FileHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("CacheFTPHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("UnknownHandler", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("HTTPErrorProcessor", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlretrieve", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("urlcleanup", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("URLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("FancyURLopener", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("proxy_bypass", "urllib", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_http_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+    MovedAttribute("parse_keqv_list", "urllib2", "urllib.request"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_request_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_request, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_request._moved_attributes = _urllib_request_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_request(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.request"),
+    "moves.urllib_request",
+    "moves.urllib.request",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_response(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_response"""
+
+
+_urllib_response_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("addbase", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addclosehook", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfo", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+    MovedAttribute("addinfourl", "urllib", "urllib.response"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_response_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_response, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_response._moved_attributes = _urllib_response_moved_attributes
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_response(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.response"),
+    "moves.urllib_response",
+    "moves.urllib.response",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(_LazyModule):
+
+    """Lazy loading of moved objects in six.moves.urllib_robotparser"""
+
+
+_urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes = [
+    MovedAttribute("RobotFileParser", "robotparser", "urllib.robotparser"),
+]
+for attr in _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes:
+    setattr(Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser, attr.name, attr)
+del attr
+
+Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser._moved_attributes = (
+    _urllib_robotparser_moved_attributes
+)
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib_robotparser(__name__ + ".moves.urllib.robotparser"),
+    "moves.urllib_robotparser",
+    "moves.urllib.robotparser",
+)
+
+
+class Module_six_moves_urllib(types.ModuleType):
+
+    """Create a six.moves.urllib namespace that resembles the Python 3 namespace"""
+
+    __path__ = []  # mark as package
+    parse = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_parse")
+    error = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_error")
+    request = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_request")
+    response = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_response")
+    robotparser = _importer._get_module("moves.urllib_robotparser")
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return ["parse", "error", "request", "response", "robotparser"]
+
+
+_importer._add_module(
+    Module_six_moves_urllib(__name__ + ".moves.urllib"), "moves.urllib"
+)
+
+
+def add_move(move):
+    """Add an item to six.moves."""
+    setattr(_MovedItems, move.name, move)
+
+
+def remove_move(name):
+    """Remove item from six.moves."""
+    try:
+        delattr(_MovedItems, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        try:
+            del moves.__dict__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise AttributeError("no such move, %r" % (name,))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    _meth_func = "__func__"
+    _meth_self = "__self__"
+
+    _func_closure = "__closure__"
+    _func_code = "__code__"
+    _func_defaults = "__defaults__"
+    _func_globals = "__globals__"
+else:
+    _meth_func = "im_func"
+    _meth_self = "im_self"
+
+    _func_closure = "func_closure"
+    _func_code = "func_code"
+    _func_defaults = "func_defaults"
+    _func_globals = "func_globals"
+
+
+try:
+    advance_iterator = next
+except NameError:
+
+    def advance_iterator(it):
+        return it.next()
+
+
+next = advance_iterator
+
+
+try:
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound
+
+    create_bound_method = types.MethodType
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return func
+
+    Iterator = object
+else:
+
+    def get_unbound_function(unbound):
+        return unbound.im_func
+
+    def create_bound_method(func, obj):
+        return types.MethodType(func, obj, obj.__class__)
+
+    def create_unbound_method(func, cls):
+        return types.MethodType(func, None, cls)
+
+    class Iterator(object):
+        def next(self):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+
+    callable = callable
+_add_doc(
+    get_unbound_function, """Get the function out of a possibly unbound function"""
+)
+
+
+get_method_function = operator.attrgetter(_meth_func)
+get_method_self = operator.attrgetter(_meth_self)
+get_function_closure = operator.attrgetter(_func_closure)
+get_function_code = operator.attrgetter(_func_code)
+get_function_defaults = operator.attrgetter(_func_defaults)
+get_function_globals = operator.attrgetter(_func_globals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.keys(**kw))
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.values(**kw))
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.items(**kw))
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return iter(d.lists(**kw))
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("keys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("values")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
+else:
+
+    def iterkeys(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterkeys(**kw)
+
+    def itervalues(d, **kw):
+        return d.itervalues(**kw)
+
+    def iteritems(d, **kw):
+        return d.iteritems(**kw)
+
+    def iterlists(d, **kw):
+        return d.iterlists(**kw)
+
+    viewkeys = operator.methodcaller("viewkeys")
+
+    viewvalues = operator.methodcaller("viewvalues")
+
+    viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")
+
+_add_doc(iterkeys, "Return an iterator over the keys of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(itervalues, "Return an iterator over the values of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(iteritems, "Return an iterator over the (key, value) pairs of a dictionary.")
+_add_doc(
+    iterlists, "Return an iterator over the (key, [values]) pairs of a dictionary."
+)
+
+
+if PY3:
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode("latin-1")
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+
+    unichr = chr
+    import struct
+
+    int2byte = struct.Struct(">B").pack
+    del struct
+    byte2int = operator.itemgetter(0)
+    indexbytes = operator.getitem
+    iterbytes = iter
+    import io
+
+    StringIO = io.StringIO
+    BytesIO = io.BytesIO
+    del io
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertCountEqual"
+    if sys.version_info[1] <= 1:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+    else:
+        _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegex"
+        _assertRegex = "assertRegex"
+        _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegex"
+else:
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+
+    # Workaround for standalone backslash
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s.replace(r"\\", r"\\\\"), "unicode_escape")
+
+    unichr = unichr
+    int2byte = chr
+
+    def byte2int(bs):
+        return ord(bs[0])
+
+    def indexbytes(buf, i):
+        return ord(buf[i])
+
+    iterbytes = functools.partial(itertools.imap, ord)
+    import StringIO
+
+    StringIO = BytesIO = StringIO.StringIO
+    _assertCountEqual = "assertItemsEqual"
+    _assertRaisesRegex = "assertRaisesRegexp"
+    _assertRegex = "assertRegexpMatches"
+    _assertNotRegex = "assertNotRegexpMatches"
+_add_doc(b, """Byte literal""")
+_add_doc(u, """Text literal""")
+
+
+def assertCountEqual(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertCountEqual)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRaisesRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRaisesRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assertNotRegex(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    return getattr(self, _assertNotRegex)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    exec_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "exec")
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        try:
+            if value is None:
+                value = tp()
+            if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+                raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+            raise value
+        finally:
+            value = None
+            tb = None
+
+else:
+
+    def exec_(_code_, _globs_=None, _locs_=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if _globs_ is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            _globs_ = frame.f_globals
+            if _locs_ is None:
+                _locs_ = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif _locs_ is None:
+            _locs_ = _globs_
+        exec ("""exec _code_ in _globs_, _locs_""")
+
+    exec_(
+        """def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+    try:
+        raise tp, value, tb
+    finally:
+        tb = None
+"""
+    )
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] > (3,):
+    exec_(
+        """def raise_from(value, from_value):
+    try:
+        raise value from from_value
+    finally:
+        value = None
+"""
+    )
+else:
+
+    def raise_from(value, from_value):
+        raise value
+
+
+print_ = getattr(moves.builtins, "print", None)
+if print_ is None:
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        """The new-style print function for Python 2.4 and 2.5."""
+        fp = kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
+        if fp is None:
+            return
+
+        def write(data):
+            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+                data = str(data)
+            # If the file has an encoding, encode unicode with it.
+            if (
+                isinstance(fp, file)
+                and isinstance(data, unicode)
+                and fp.encoding is not None
+            ):
+                errors = getattr(fp, "errors", None)
+                if errors is None:
+                    errors = "strict"
+                data = data.encode(fp.encoding, errors)
+            fp.write(data)
+
+        want_unicode = False
+        sep = kwargs.pop("sep", None)
+        if sep is not None:
+            if isinstance(sep, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(sep, str):
+                raise TypeError("sep must be None or a string")
+        end = kwargs.pop("end", None)
+        if end is not None:
+            if isinstance(end, unicode):
+                want_unicode = True
+            elif not isinstance(end, str):
+                raise TypeError("end must be None or a string")
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("invalid keyword arguments to print()")
+        if not want_unicode:
+            for arg in args:
+                if isinstance(arg, unicode):
+                    want_unicode = True
+                    break
+        if want_unicode:
+            newline = unicode("\n")
+            space = unicode(" ")
+        else:
+            newline = "\n"
+            space = " "
+        if sep is None:
+            sep = space
+        if end is None:
+            end = newline
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if i:
+                write(sep)
+            write(arg)
+        write(end)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
+    _print = print_
+
+    def print_(*args, **kwargs):
+        fp = kwargs.get("file", sys.stdout)
+        flush = kwargs.pop("flush", False)
+        _print(*args, **kwargs)
+        if flush and fp is not None:
+            fp.flush()
+
+
+_add_doc(reraise, """Reraise an exception.""")
+
+if sys.version_info[0:2] < (3, 4):
+    # This does exactly the same what the :func:`py3:functools.update_wrapper`
+    # function does on Python versions after 3.2. It sets the ``__wrapped__``
+    # attribute on ``wrapper`` object and it doesn't raise an error if any of
+    # the attributes mentioned in ``assigned`` and ``updated`` are missing on
+    # ``wrapped`` object.
+    def _update_wrapper(
+        wrapper,
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
+        for attr in assigned:
+            try:
+                value = getattr(wrapped, attr)
+            except AttributeError:
+                continue
+            else:
+                setattr(wrapper, attr, value)
+        for attr in updated:
+            getattr(wrapper, attr).update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
+        wrapper.__wrapped__ = wrapped
+        return wrapper
+
+    _update_wrapper.__doc__ = functools.update_wrapper.__doc__
+
+    def wraps(
+        wrapped,
+        assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
+        updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES,
+    ):
+        return functools.partial(
+            _update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped, assigned=assigned, updated=updated
+        )
+
+    wraps.__doc__ = functools.wraps.__doc__
+
+else:
+    wraps = functools.wraps
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
+    # metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
+    # the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(type):
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 7):
+                # This version introduced PEP 560 that requires a bit
+                # of extra care (we mimic what is done by __build_class__).
+                resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(bases)
+                if resolved_bases is not bases:
+                    d["__orig_bases__"] = bases
+            else:
+                resolved_bases = bases
+            return meta(name, resolved_bases, d)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __prepare__(cls, name, this_bases):
+            return meta.__prepare__(name, bases)
+
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
+
+
+def add_metaclass(metaclass):
+    """Class decorator for creating a class with a metaclass."""
+
+    def wrapper(cls):
+        orig_vars = cls.__dict__.copy()
+        slots = orig_vars.get("__slots__")
+        if slots is not None:
+            if isinstance(slots, str):
+                slots = [slots]
+            for slots_var in slots:
+                orig_vars.pop(slots_var)
+        orig_vars.pop("__dict__", None)
+        orig_vars.pop("__weakref__", None)
+        if hasattr(cls, "__qualname__"):
+            orig_vars["__qualname__"] = cls.__qualname__
+        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, orig_vars)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def ensure_binary(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce **s** to six.binary_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> encoded to `bytes`
+      - `bytes` -> `bytes`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def ensure_str(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce *s* to `str`.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> encoded to `str`
+      - `str` -> `str`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    # Optimization: Fast return for the common case.
+    if type(s) is str:
+        return s
+    if PY2 and isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+    elif PY3 and isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif not isinstance(s, (text_type, binary_type)):
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+    return s
+
+
+def ensure_text(s, encoding="utf-8", errors="strict"):
+    """Coerce *s* to six.text_type.
+
+    For Python 2:
+      - `unicode` -> `unicode`
+      - `str` -> `unicode`
+
+    For Python 3:
+      - `str` -> `str`
+      - `bytes` -> decoded to `str`
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, binary_type):
+        return s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    elif isinstance(s, text_type):
+        return s
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("not expecting type '%s'" % type(s))
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A class decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if PY2:
+        if "__str__" not in klass.__dict__:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "@python_2_unicode_compatible cannot be applied "
+                "to %s because it doesn't define __str__()." % klass.__name__
+            )
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
+    return klass
+
+
+# Complete the moves implementation.
+# This code is at the end of this module to speed up module loading.
+# Turn this module into a package.
+__path__ = []  # required for PEP 302 and PEP 451
+__package__ = __name__  # see PEP 366 @ReservedAssignment
+if globals().get("__spec__") is not None:
+    __spec__.submodule_search_locations = []  # PEP 451 @UndefinedVariable
+# Remove other six meta path importers, since they cause problems. This can
+# happen if six is removed from sys.modules and then reloaded. (Setuptools does
+# this for some reason.)
+if sys.meta_path:
+    for i, importer in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
+        # Here's some real nastiness: Another "instance" of the six module might
+        # be floating around. Therefore, we can't use isinstance() to check for
+        # the six meta path importer, since the other six instance will have
+        # inserted an importer with different class.
+        if (
+            type(importer).__name__ == "_SixMetaPathImporter"
+            and importer.name == __name__
+        ):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+            break
+    del i, importer
+# Finally, add the importer to the meta path import hook.
+sys.meta_path.append(_importer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8de7c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/poolmanager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import collections
+import functools
+import logging
+
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict, RecentlyUsedContainer
+from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, port_by_scheme
+from .exceptions import (
+    LocationValueError,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProxySchemeUnknown,
+    ProxySchemeUnsupported,
+    URLSchemeUnknown,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urljoin
+from .request import RequestMethods
+from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
+from .util.retry import Retry
+from .util.url import parse_url
+
+__all__ = ["PoolManager", "ProxyManager", "proxy_from_url"]
+
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SSL_KEYWORDS = (
+    "key_file",
+    "cert_file",
+    "cert_reqs",
+    "ca_certs",
+    "ssl_version",
+    "ca_cert_dir",
+    "ssl_context",
+    "key_password",
+    "server_hostname",
+)
+
+# All known keyword arguments that could be provided to the pool manager, its
+# pools, or the underlying connections. This is used to construct a pool key.
+_key_fields = (
+    "key_scheme",  # str
+    "key_host",  # str
+    "key_port",  # int
+    "key_timeout",  # int or float or Timeout
+    "key_retries",  # int or Retry
+    "key_strict",  # bool
+    "key_block",  # bool
+    "key_source_address",  # str
+    "key_key_file",  # str
+    "key_key_password",  # str
+    "key_cert_file",  # str
+    "key_cert_reqs",  # str
+    "key_ca_certs",  # str
+    "key_ssl_version",  # str
+    "key_ca_cert_dir",  # str
+    "key_ssl_context",  # instance of ssl.SSLContext or urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext
+    "key_maxsize",  # int
+    "key_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy",  # parsed proxy url
+    "key__proxy_headers",  # dict
+    "key__proxy_config",  # class
+    "key_socket_options",  # list of (level (int), optname (int), value (int or str)) tuples
+    "key__socks_options",  # dict
+    "key_assert_hostname",  # bool or string
+    "key_assert_fingerprint",  # str
+    "key_server_hostname",  # str
+)
+
+#: The namedtuple class used to construct keys for the connection pool.
+#: All custom key schemes should include the fields in this key at a minimum.
+PoolKey = collections.namedtuple("PoolKey", _key_fields)
+
+_proxy_config_fields = ("ssl_context", "use_forwarding_for_https")
+ProxyConfig = collections.namedtuple("ProxyConfig", _proxy_config_fields)
+
+
+def _default_key_normalizer(key_class, request_context):
+    """
+    Create a pool key out of a request context dictionary.
+
+    According to RFC 3986, both the scheme and host are case-insensitive.
+    Therefore, this function normalizes both before constructing the pool
+    key for an HTTPS request. If you wish to change this behaviour, provide
+    alternate callables to ``key_fn_by_scheme``.
+
+    :param key_class:
+        The class to use when constructing the key. This should be a namedtuple
+        with the ``scheme`` and ``host`` keys at a minimum.
+    :type  key_class: namedtuple
+    :param request_context:
+        A dictionary-like object that contain the context for a request.
+    :type  request_context: dict
+
+    :return: A namedtuple that can be used as a connection pool key.
+    :rtype:  PoolKey
+    """
+    # Since we mutate the dictionary, make a copy first
+    context = request_context.copy()
+    context["scheme"] = context["scheme"].lower()
+    context["host"] = context["host"].lower()
+
+    # These are both dictionaries and need to be transformed into frozensets
+    for key in ("headers", "_proxy_headers", "_socks_options"):
+        if key in context and context[key] is not None:
+            context[key] = frozenset(context[key].items())
+
+    # The socket_options key may be a list and needs to be transformed into a
+    # tuple.
+    socket_opts = context.get("socket_options")
+    if socket_opts is not None:
+        context["socket_options"] = tuple(socket_opts)
+
+    # Map the kwargs to the names in the namedtuple - this is necessary since
+    # namedtuples can't have fields starting with '_'.
+    for key in list(context.keys()):
+        context["key_" + key] = context.pop(key)
+
+    # Default to ``None`` for keys missing from the context
+    for field in key_class._fields:
+        if field not in context:
+            context[field] = None
+
+    return key_class(**context)
+
+
+#: A dictionary that maps a scheme to a callable that creates a pool key.
+#: This can be used to alter the way pool keys are constructed, if desired.
+#: Each PoolManager makes a copy of this dictionary so they can be configured
+#: globally here, or individually on the instance.
+key_fn_by_scheme = {
+    "http": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+    "https": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
+}
+
+pool_classes_by_scheme = {"http": HTTPConnectionPool, "https": HTTPSConnectionPool}
+
+
+class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
+    """
+    Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
+    necessary connection pools for you.
+
+    :param num_pools:
+        Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least
+        recently used pool.
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+
+    :param \\**connection_pool_kw:
+        Additional parameters are used to create fresh
+        :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> manager = PoolManager(num_pools=2)
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://google.com/mail')
+        >>> r = manager.request('GET', 'http://yahoo.com/')
+        >>> len(manager.pools)
+        2
+
+    """
+
+    proxy = None
+    proxy_config = None
+
+    def __init__(self, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
+        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)
+        if "retries" in connection_pool_kw:
+            retries = connection_pool_kw["retries"]
+            if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+                # When Retry is initialized, raise_on_redirect is based
+                # on a redirect boolean value.
+                # But requests made via a pool manager always set
+                # redirect to False, and raise_on_redirect always ends
+                # up being False consequently.
+                # Here we fix the issue by setting raise_on_redirect to
+                # a value needed by the pool manager without considering
+                # the redirect boolean.
+                raise_on_redirect = retries is not False
+                retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=False)
+                retries.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
+                connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw.copy()
+                connection_pool_kw["retries"] = retries
+        self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
+        self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools)
+
+        # Locally set the pool classes and keys so other PoolManagers can
+        # override them.
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = pool_classes_by_scheme
+        self.key_fn_by_scheme = key_fn_by_scheme.copy()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.clear()
+        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
+        return False
+
+    def _new_pool(self, scheme, host, port, request_context=None):
+        """
+        Create a new :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on host, port, scheme, and
+        any additional pool keyword arguments.
+
+        If ``request_context`` is provided, it is provided as keyword arguments
+        to the pool class used. This method is used to actually create the
+        connection pools handed out by :meth:`connection_from_url` and
+        companion methods. It is intended to be overridden for customization.
+        """
+        pool_cls = self.pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
+        if request_context is None:
+            request_context = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
+
+        # Although the context has everything necessary to create the pool,
+        # this function has historically only used the scheme, host, and port
+        # in the positional args. When an API change is acceptable these can
+        # be removed.
+        for key in ("scheme", "host", "port"):
+            request_context.pop(key, None)
+
+        if scheme == "http":
+            for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
+                request_context.pop(kw, None)
+
+        return pool_cls(host, port, **request_context)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """
+        Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
+
+        This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
+        re-used after completion.
+        """
+        self.pools.clear()
+
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
+
+        If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
+        ``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``. If ``pool_kwargs`` is
+        provided, it is merged with the instance's ``connection_pool_kw``
+        variable and used to create the new connection pool, if one is
+        needed.
+        """
+
+        if not host:
+            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
+
+        request_context = self._merge_pool_kwargs(pool_kwargs)
+        request_context["scheme"] = scheme or "http"
+        if not port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context["scheme"].lower(), 80)
+        request_context["port"] = port
+        request_context["host"] = host
+
+        return self.connection_from_context(request_context)
+
+    def connection_from_context(self, request_context):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the request context.
+
+        ``request_context`` must at least contain the ``scheme`` key and its
+        value must be a key in ``key_fn_by_scheme`` instance variable.
+        """
+        scheme = request_context["scheme"].lower()
+        pool_key_constructor = self.key_fn_by_scheme.get(scheme)
+        if not pool_key_constructor:
+            raise URLSchemeUnknown(scheme)
+        pool_key = pool_key_constructor(request_context)
+
+        return self.connection_from_pool_key(pool_key, request_context=request_context)
+
+    def connection_from_pool_key(self, pool_key, request_context=None):
+        """
+        Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the provided pool key.
+
+        ``pool_key`` should be a namedtuple that only contains immutable
+        objects. At a minimum it must have the ``scheme``, ``host``, and
+        ``port`` fields.
+        """
+        with self.pools.lock:
+            # If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open
+            # connections, open a new ConnectionPool.
+            pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
+            if pool:
+                return pool
+
+            # Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
+            scheme = request_context["scheme"]
+            host = request_context["host"]
+            port = request_context["port"]
+            pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port, request_context=request_context)
+            self.pools[pool_key] = pool
+
+        return pool
+
+    def connection_from_url(self, url, pool_kwargs=None):
+        """
+        Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url`.
+
+        If ``pool_kwargs`` is not provided and a new pool needs to be
+        constructed, ``self.connection_pool_kw`` is used to initialize
+        the :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool`. If ``pool_kwargs``
+        is provided, it is used instead. Note that if a new pool does not
+        need to be created for the request, the provided ``pool_kwargs`` are
+        not used.
+        """
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        return self.connection_from_host(
+            u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _merge_pool_kwargs(self, override):
+        """
+        Merge a dictionary of override values for self.connection_pool_kw.
+
+        This does not modify self.connection_pool_kw and returns a new dict.
+        Any keys in the override dictionary with a value of ``None`` are
+        removed from the merged dictionary.
+        """
+        base_pool_kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
+        if override:
+            for key, value in override.items():
+                if value is None:
+                    try:
+                        del base_pool_kwargs[key]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+                else:
+                    base_pool_kwargs[key] = value
+        return base_pool_kwargs
+
+    def _proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(self, parsed_url):
+        """
+        Indicates if the proxy requires the complete destination URL in the
+        request.  Normally this is only needed when not using an HTTP CONNECT
+        tunnel.
+        """
+        if self.proxy is None:
+            return False
+
+        return not connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, parsed_url.scheme
+        )
+
+    def _validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(self, url_scheme):
+        """
+        Validates that were not attempting to do TLS in TLS connections on
+        Python2 or with unsupported SSL implementations.
+        """
+        if self.proxy is None or url_scheme != "https":
+            return
+
+        if self.proxy.scheme != "https":
+            return
+
+        if six.PY2 and not self.proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https:
+            raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                "Contacting HTTPS destinations through HTTPS proxies "
+                "'via CONNECT tunnels' is not supported in Python 2"
+            )
+
+    def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
+        """
+        Same as :meth:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
+        with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
+        portion of the ``url``.
+
+        The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
+        :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
+        """
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        self._validate_proxy_scheme_url_selection(u.scheme)
+
+        conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
+
+        kw["assert_same_host"] = False
+        kw["redirect"] = False
+
+        if "headers" not in kw:
+            kw["headers"] = self.headers.copy()
+
+        if self._proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(u):
+            response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
+        else:
+            response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
+
+        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
+        if not redirect_location:
+            return response
+
+        # Support relative URLs for redirecting.
+        redirect_location = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
+
+        if response.status == 303:
+            # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
+            method = "GET"
+            # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
+            kw["body"] = None
+            kw["headers"] = HTTPHeaderDict(kw["headers"])._prepare_for_method_change()
+
+        retries = kw.get("retries", response.retries)
+        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect)
+
+        # Strip headers marked as unsafe to forward to the redirected location.
+        # Check remove_headers_on_redirect to avoid a potential network call within
+        # conn.is_same_host() which may use socket.gethostbyname() in the future.
+        if retries.remove_headers_on_redirect and not conn.is_same_host(
+            redirect_location
+        ):
+            headers = list(six.iterkeys(kw["headers"]))
+            for header in headers:
+                if header.lower() in retries.remove_headers_on_redirect:
+                    kw["headers"].pop(header, None)
+
+        try:
+            retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=conn)
+        except MaxRetryError:
+            if retries.raise_on_redirect:
+                response.drain_conn()
+                raise
+            return response
+
+        kw["retries"] = retries
+        kw["redirect"] = redirect
+
+        log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
+
+        response.drain_conn()
+        return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
+
+
+class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
+    """
+    Behaves just like :class:`PoolManager`, but sends all requests through
+    the defined proxy, using the CONNECT method for HTTPS URLs.
+
+    :param proxy_url:
+        The URL of the proxy to be used.
+
+    :param proxy_headers:
+        A dictionary containing headers that will be sent to the proxy. In case
+        of HTTP they are being sent with each request, while in the
+        HTTPS/CONNECT case they are sent only once. Could be used for proxy
+        authentication.
+
+    :param proxy_ssl_context:
+        The proxy SSL context is used to establish the TLS connection to the
+        proxy when using HTTPS proxies.
+
+    :param use_forwarding_for_https:
+        (Defaults to False) If set to True will forward requests to the HTTPS
+        proxy to be made on behalf of the client instead of creating a TLS
+        tunnel via the CONNECT method. **Enabling this flag means that request
+        and response headers and content will be visible from the HTTPS proxy**
+        whereas tunneling keeps request and response headers and content
+        private.  IP address, target hostname, SNI, and port are always visible
+        to an HTTPS proxy even when this flag is disabled.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> proxy = urllib3.ProxyManager('http://localhost:3128/')
+        >>> r1 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://google.com/')
+        >>> r2 = proxy.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/')
+        >>> len(proxy.pools)
+        1
+        >>> r3 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/')
+        >>> r4 = proxy.request('GET', 'https://twitter.com/')
+        >>> len(proxy.pools)
+        3
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        proxy_url,
+        num_pools=10,
+        headers=None,
+        proxy_headers=None,
+        proxy_ssl_context=None,
+        use_forwarding_for_https=False,
+        **connection_pool_kw
+    ):
+
+        if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
+            proxy_url = "%s://%s:%i" % (
+                proxy_url.scheme,
+                proxy_url.host,
+                proxy_url.port,
+            )
+        proxy = parse_url(proxy_url)
+
+        if proxy.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
+            raise ProxySchemeUnknown(proxy.scheme)
+
+        if not proxy.port:
+            port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
+            proxy = proxy._replace(port=port)
+
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
+        self.proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
+        self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig(proxy_ssl_context, use_forwarding_for_https)
+
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy"] = self.proxy
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_headers"] = self.proxy_headers
+        connection_pool_kw["_proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
+
+        super(ProxyManager, self).__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
+
+    def connection_from_host(self, host, port=None, scheme="http", pool_kwargs=None):
+        if scheme == "https":
+            return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
+                host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+            )
+
+        return super(ProxyManager, self).connection_from_host(
+            self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
+        )
+
+    def _set_proxy_headers(self, url, headers=None):
+        """
+        Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
+        headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
+        """
+        headers_ = {"Accept": "*/*"}
+
+        netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
+        if netloc:
+            headers_["Host"] = netloc
+
+        if headers:
+            headers_.update(headers)
+        return headers_
+
+    def urlopen(self, method, url, redirect=True, **kw):
+        "Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
+        u = parse_url(url)
+        if not connection_requires_http_tunnel(self.proxy, self.proxy_config, u.scheme):
+            # For connections using HTTP CONNECT, httplib sets the necessary
+            # headers on the CONNECT to the proxy. If we're not using CONNECT,
+            # we'll definitely need to set 'Host' at the very least.
+            headers = kw.get("headers", self.headers)
+            kw["headers"] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
+
+        return super(ProxyManager, self).urlopen(method, url, redirect=redirect, **kw)
+
+
+def proxy_from_url(url, **kw):
+    return ProxyManager(proxy_url=url, **kw)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b4cf99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import sys
+
+from .filepost import encode_multipart_formdata
+from .packages import six
+from .packages.six.moves.urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+__all__ = ["RequestMethods"]
+
+
+class RequestMethods(object):
+    """
+    Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such
+    as :class:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool` and
+    :class:`urllib3.PoolManager`.
+
+    Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and
+    decides which type of request field encoding to use.
+
+    Specifically,
+
+    :meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are
+    encoded in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE).
+
+    :meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are
+    encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-form-urlencoded
+    (such as for POST, PUT, PATCH).
+
+    :meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the
+    appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make
+    the request.
+
+    Initializer parameters:
+
+    :param headers:
+        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
+        explicitly.
+    """
+
+    _encode_url_methods = {"DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
+
+    def __init__(self, headers=None):
+        self.headers = headers or {}
+
+    def urlopen(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        body=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **kw
+    ):  # Abstract
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
+            "their own ``urlopen`` method."
+        )
+
+    def request(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of
+        ``fields`` based on the ``method`` used.
+
+        This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual
+        effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the
+        option to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as
+        :meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`,
+        or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`.
+        """
+        method = method.upper()
+
+        urlopen_kw["request_url"] = url
+
+        if method in self._encode_url_methods:
+            return self.request_encode_url(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
+        else:
+            return self.request_encode_body(
+                method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
+            )
+
+    def request_encode_url(self, method, url, fields=None, headers=None, **urlopen_kw):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
+        the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        extra_kw = {"headers": headers}
+        extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
+
+        if fields:
+            url += "?" + urlencode(fields)
+
+        return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
+
+    def request_encode_body(
+        self,
+        method,
+        url,
+        fields=None,
+        headers=None,
+        encode_multipart=True,
+        multipart_boundary=None,
+        **urlopen_kw
+    ):
+        """
+        Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
+        the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
+
+        When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then
+        :func:`urllib3.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode
+        the payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise
+        :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` is used with the
+        'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type.
+
+        Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably
+        safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request
+        signing, such as with OAuth.
+
+        Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND
+        key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where
+        the MIME type is optional. For example::
+
+            fields = {
+                'foo': 'bar',
+                'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
+                'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
+                'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(),
+                              'image/jpeg'),
+                'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
+            }
+
+        When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the
+        tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimic behavior of browsers.
+
+        Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will
+        be overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string
+        which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary
+        string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter.
+        """
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = self.headers
+
+        extra_kw = {"headers": {}}
+
+        if fields:
+            if "body" in urlopen_kw:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one."
+                )
+
+            if encode_multipart:
+                body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(
+                    fields, boundary=multipart_boundary
+                )
+            else:
+                body, content_type = (
+                    urlencode(fields),
+                    "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+                )
+
+            extra_kw["body"] = body
+            extra_kw["headers"] = {"Content-Type": content_type}
+
+        extra_kw["headers"].update(headers)
+        extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
+
+        return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
+
+
+if not six.PY2:
+
+    class RequestModule(sys.modules[__name__].__class__):
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            """
+            If user tries to call this module directly urllib3 v2.x style raise an error to the user
+            suggesting they may need urllib3 v2
+            """
+            raise TypeError(
+                "'module' object is not callable\n"
+                "urllib3.request() method is not supported in this release, "
+                "upgrade to urllib3 v2 to use it\n"
+                "see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/stable/v2-migration-guide.html"
+            )
+
+    sys.modules[__name__].__class__ = RequestModule
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8909f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import io
+import logging
+import sys
+import warnings
+import zlib
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from socket import error as SocketError
+from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
+
+brotli = None
+
+from . import util
+from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
+from .connection import BaseSSLError, HTTPException
+from .exceptions import (
+    BodyNotHttplibCompatible,
+    DecodeError,
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    InvalidChunkLength,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseNotChunked,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from .packages import six
+from .util.response import is_fp_closed, is_response_to_head
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DeflateDecoder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._first_try = True
+        self._data = b""
+        self._obj = zlib.decompressobj()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._obj, name)
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        if not data:
+            return data
+
+        if not self._first_try:
+            return self._obj.decompress(data)
+
+        self._data += data
+        try:
+            decompressed = self._obj.decompress(data)
+            if decompressed:
+                self._first_try = False
+                self._data = None
+            return decompressed
+        except zlib.error:
+            self._first_try = False
+            self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+            try:
+                return self.decompress(self._data)
+            finally:
+                self._data = None
+
+
+class GzipDecoderState(object):
+
+    FIRST_MEMBER = 0
+    OTHER_MEMBERS = 1
+    SWALLOW_DATA = 2
+
+
+class GzipDecoder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+        self._state = GzipDecoderState.FIRST_MEMBER
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._obj, name)
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        ret = bytearray()
+        if self._state == GzipDecoderState.SWALLOW_DATA or not data:
+            return bytes(ret)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                ret += self._obj.decompress(data)
+            except zlib.error:
+                previous_state = self._state
+                # Ignore data after the first error
+                self._state = GzipDecoderState.SWALLOW_DATA
+                if previous_state == GzipDecoderState.OTHER_MEMBERS:
+                    # Allow trailing garbage acceptable in other gzip clients
+                    return bytes(ret)
+                raise
+            data = self._obj.unused_data
+            if not data:
+                return bytes(ret)
+            self._state = GzipDecoderState.OTHER_MEMBERS
+            self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+
+
+if brotli is not None:
+
+    class BrotliDecoder(object):
+        # Supports both 'brotlipy' and 'Brotli' packages
+        # since they share an import name. The top branches
+        # are for 'brotlipy' and bottom branches for 'Brotli'
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._obj = brotli.Decompressor()
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "decompress"):
+                self.decompress = self._obj.decompress
+            else:
+                self.decompress = self._obj.process
+
+        def flush(self):
+            if hasattr(self._obj, "flush"):
+                return self._obj.flush()
+            return b""
+
+
+class MultiDecoder(object):
+    """
+    From RFC7231:
+        If one or more encodings have been applied to a representation, the
+        sender that applied the encodings MUST generate a Content-Encoding
+        header field that lists the content codings in the order in which
+        they were applied.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, modes):
+        self._decoders = [_get_decoder(m.strip()) for m in modes.split(",")]
+
+    def flush(self):
+        return self._decoders[0].flush()
+
+    def decompress(self, data):
+        for d in reversed(self._decoders):
+            data = d.decompress(data)
+        return data
+
+
+def _get_decoder(mode):
+    if "," in mode:
+        return MultiDecoder(mode)
+
+    if mode == "gzip":
+        return GzipDecoder()
+
+    if brotli is not None and mode == "br":
+        return BrotliDecoder()
+
+    return DeflateDecoder()
+
+
+class HTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Response container.
+
+    Backwards-compatible with :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` but the response ``body`` is
+    loaded and decoded on-demand when the ``data`` property is accessed.  This
+    class is also compatible with the Python standard library's :mod:`io`
+    module, and can hence be treated as a readable object in the context of that
+    framework.
+
+    Extra parameters for behaviour not present in :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse`:
+
+    :param preload_content:
+        If True, the response's body will be preloaded during construction.
+
+    :param decode_content:
+        If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+        'content-encoding' header.
+
+    :param original_response:
+        When this HTTPResponse wrapper is generated from an :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse`
+        object, it's convenient to include the original for debug purposes. It's
+        otherwise unused.
+
+    :param retries:
+        The retries contains the last :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` that
+        was used during the request.
+
+    :param enforce_content_length:
+        Enforce content length checking. Body returned by server must match
+        value of Content-Length header, if present. Otherwise, raise error.
+    """
+
+    CONTENT_DECODERS = ["gzip", "deflate"]
+    if brotli is not None:
+        CONTENT_DECODERS += ["br"]
+    REDIRECT_STATUSES = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        body="",
+        headers=None,
+        status=0,
+        version=0,
+        reason=None,
+        strict=0,
+        preload_content=True,
+        decode_content=True,
+        original_response=None,
+        pool=None,
+        connection=None,
+        msg=None,
+        retries=None,
+        enforce_content_length=False,
+        request_method=None,
+        request_url=None,
+        auto_close=True,
+    ):
+
+        if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            self.headers = headers
+        else:
+            self.headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)
+        self.status = status
+        self.version = version
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.strict = strict
+        self.decode_content = decode_content
+        self.retries = retries
+        self.enforce_content_length = enforce_content_length
+        self.auto_close = auto_close
+
+        self._decoder = None
+        self._body = None
+        self._fp = None
+        self._original_response = original_response
+        self._fp_bytes_read = 0
+        self.msg = msg
+        self._request_url = request_url
+
+        if body and isinstance(body, (six.string_types, bytes)):
+            self._body = body
+
+        self._pool = pool
+        self._connection = connection
+
+        if hasattr(body, "read"):
+            self._fp = body
+
+        # Are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
+        self.chunked = False
+        self.chunk_left = None
+        tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding", "").lower()
+        # Don't incur the penalty of creating a list and then discarding it
+        encodings = (enc.strip() for enc in tr_enc.split(","))
+        if "chunked" in encodings:
+            self.chunked = True
+
+        # Determine length of response
+        self.length_remaining = self._init_length(request_method)
+
+        # If requested, preload the body.
+        if preload_content and not self._body:
+            self._body = self.read(decode_content=decode_content)
+
+    def get_redirect_location(self):
+        """
+        Should we redirect and where to?
+
+        :returns: Truthy redirect location string if we got a redirect status
+            code and valid location. ``None`` if redirect status and no
+            location. ``False`` if not a redirect status code.
+        """
+        if self.status in self.REDIRECT_STATUSES:
+            return self.headers.get("location")
+
+        return False
+
+    def release_conn(self):
+        if not self._pool or not self._connection:
+            return
+
+        self._pool._put_conn(self._connection)
+        self._connection = None
+
+    def drain_conn(self):
+        """
+        Read and discard any remaining HTTP response data in the response connection.
+
+        Unread data in the HTTPResponse connection blocks the connection from being released back to the pool.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.read()
+        except (HTTPError, SocketError, BaseSSLError, HTTPException):
+            pass
+
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        # For backwards-compat with earlier urllib3 0.4 and earlier.
+        if self._body:
+            return self._body
+
+        if self._fp:
+            return self.read(cache_content=True)
+
+    @property
+    def connection(self):
+        return self._connection
+
+    def isclosed(self):
+        return is_fp_closed(self._fp)
+
+    def tell(self):
+        """
+        Obtain the number of bytes pulled over the wire so far. May differ from
+        the amount of content returned by :meth:``urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.read``
+        if bytes are encoded on the wire (e.g, compressed).
+        """
+        return self._fp_bytes_read
+
+    def _init_length(self, request_method):
+        """
+        Set initial length value for Response content if available.
+        """
+        length = self.headers.get("content-length")
+
+        if length is not None:
+            if self.chunked:
+                # This Response will fail with an IncompleteRead if it can't be
+                # received as chunked. This method falls back to attempt reading
+                # the response before raising an exception.
+                log.warning(
+                    "Received response with both Content-Length and "
+                    "Transfer-Encoding set. This is expressly forbidden "
+                    "by RFC 7230 sec 3.3.2. Ignoring Content-Length and "
+                    "attempting to process response as Transfer-Encoding: "
+                    "chunked."
+                )
+                return None
+
+            try:
+                # RFC 7230 section 3.3.2 specifies multiple content lengths can
+                # be sent in a single Content-Length header
+                # (e.g. Content-Length: 42, 42). This line ensures the values
+                # are all valid ints and that as long as the `set` length is 1,
+                # all values are the same. Otherwise, the header is invalid.
+                lengths = set([int(val) for val in length.split(",")])
+                if len(lengths) > 1:
+                    raise InvalidHeader(
+                        "Content-Length contained multiple "
+                        "unmatching values (%s)" % length
+                    )
+                length = lengths.pop()
+            except ValueError:
+                length = None
+            else:
+                if length < 0:
+                    length = None
+
+        # Convert status to int for comparison
+        # In some cases, httplib returns a status of "_UNKNOWN"
+        try:
+            status = int(self.status)
+        except ValueError:
+            status = 0
+
+        # Check for responses that shouldn't include a body
+        if status in (204, 304) or 100 <= status < 200 or request_method == "HEAD":
+            length = 0
+
+        return length
+
+    def _init_decoder(self):
+        """
+        Set-up the _decoder attribute if necessary.
+        """
+        # Note: content-encoding value should be case-insensitive, per RFC 7230
+        # Section 3.2
+        content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
+        if self._decoder is None:
+            if content_encoding in self.CONTENT_DECODERS:
+                self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
+            elif "," in content_encoding:
+                encodings = [
+                    e.strip()
+                    for e in content_encoding.split(",")
+                    if e.strip() in self.CONTENT_DECODERS
+                ]
+                if len(encodings):
+                    self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)
+
+    DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES = (IOError, zlib.error)
+    if brotli is not None:
+        DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES += (brotli.error,)
+
+    def _decode(self, data, decode_content, flush_decoder):
+        """
+        Decode the data passed in and potentially flush the decoder.
+        """
+        if not decode_content:
+            return data
+
+        try:
+            if self._decoder:
+                data = self._decoder.decompress(data)
+        except self.DECODER_ERROR_CLASSES as e:
+            content_encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "").lower()
+            raise DecodeError(
+                "Received response with content-encoding: %s, but "
+                "failed to decode it." % content_encoding,
+                e,
+            )
+        if flush_decoder:
+            data += self._flush_decoder()
+
+        return data
+
+    def _flush_decoder(self):
+        """
+        Flushes the decoder. Should only be called if the decoder is actually
+        being used.
+        """
+        if self._decoder:
+            buf = self._decoder.decompress(b"")
+            return buf + self._decoder.flush()
+
+        return b""
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _error_catcher(self):
+        """
+        Catch low-level python exceptions, instead re-raising urllib3
+        variants, so that low-level exceptions are not leaked in the
+        high-level api.
+
+        On exit, release the connection back to the pool.
+        """
+        clean_exit = False
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                yield
+
+            except SocketTimeout:
+                # FIXME: Ideally we'd like to include the url in the ReadTimeoutError but
+                # there is yet no clean way to get at it from this context.
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
+
+            except BaseSSLError as e:
+                # FIXME: Is there a better way to differentiate between SSLErrors?
+                if "read operation timed out" not in str(e):
+                    # SSL errors related to framing/MAC get wrapped and reraised here
+                    raise SSLError(e)
+
+                raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
+
+            except (HTTPException, SocketError) as e:
+                # This includes IncompleteRead.
+                raise ProtocolError("Connection broken: %r" % e, e)
+
+            # If no exception is thrown, we should avoid cleaning up
+            # unnecessarily.
+            clean_exit = True
+        finally:
+            # If we didn't terminate cleanly, we need to throw away our
+            # connection.
+            if not clean_exit:
+                # The response may not be closed but we're not going to use it
+                # anymore so close it now to ensure that the connection is
+                # released back to the pool.
+                if self._original_response:
+                    self._original_response.close()
+
+                # Closing the response may not actually be sufficient to close
+                # everything, so if we have a hold of the connection close that
+                # too.
+                if self._connection:
+                    self._connection.close()
+
+            # If we hold the original response but it's closed now, we should
+            # return the connection back to the pool.
+            if self._original_response and self._original_response.isclosed():
+                self.release_conn()
+
+    def _fp_read(self, amt):
+        """
+        Read a response with the thought that reading the number of bytes
+        larger than can fit in a 32-bit int at a time via SSL in some
+        known cases leads to an overflow error that has to be prevented
+        if `amt` or `self.length_remaining` indicate that a problem may
+        happen.
+
+        The known cases:
+          * 3.8 <= CPython < 3.9.7 because of a bug
+            https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2513#issuecomment-1152559900.
+          * urllib3 injected with pyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support.
+          * CPython < 3.10 only when `amt` does not fit 32-bit int.
+        """
+        assert self._fp
+        c_int_max = 2 ** 31 - 1
+        if (
+            (
+                (amt and amt > c_int_max)
+                or (self.length_remaining and self.length_remaining > c_int_max)
+            )
+            and not util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT
+            and (util.IS_PYOPENSSL or sys.version_info < (3, 10))
+        ):
+            buffer = io.BytesIO()
+            # Besides `max_chunk_amt` being a maximum chunk size, it
+            # affects memory overhead of reading a response by this
+            # method in CPython.
+            # `c_int_max` equal to 2 GiB - 1 byte is the actual maximum
+            # chunk size that does not lead to an overflow error, but
+            # 256 MiB is a compromise.
+            max_chunk_amt = 2 ** 28
+            while amt is None or amt != 0:
+                if amt is not None:
+                    chunk_amt = min(amt, max_chunk_amt)
+                    amt -= chunk_amt
+                else:
+                    chunk_amt = max_chunk_amt
+                data = self._fp.read(chunk_amt)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                buffer.write(data)
+                del data  # to reduce peak memory usage by `max_chunk_amt`.
+            return buffer.getvalue()
+        else:
+            # StringIO doesn't like amt=None
+            return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
+
+    def read(self, amt=None, decode_content=None, cache_content=False):
+        """
+        Similar to :meth:`http.client.HTTPResponse.read`, but with two additional
+        parameters: ``decode_content`` and ``cache_content``.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
+            because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
+            response.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+
+        :param cache_content:
+            If True, will save the returned data such that the same result is
+            returned despite of the state of the underlying file object. This
+            is useful if you want the ``.data`` property to continue working
+            after having ``.read()`` the file object. (Overridden if ``amt`` is
+            set.)
+        """
+        self._init_decoder()
+        if decode_content is None:
+            decode_content = self.decode_content
+
+        if self._fp is None:
+            return
+
+        flush_decoder = False
+        fp_closed = getattr(self._fp, "closed", False)
+
+        with self._error_catcher():
+            data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
+            if amt is None:
+                flush_decoder = True
+            else:
+                cache_content = False
+                if (
+                    amt != 0 and not data
+                ):  # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.
+                    # Close the connection when no data is returned
+                    #
+                    # This is redundant to what httplib/http.client _should_
+                    # already do.  However, versions of python released before
+                    # December 15, 2012 (http://bugs.python.org/issue16298) do
+                    # not properly close the connection in all cases. There is
+                    # no harm in redundantly calling close.
+                    self._fp.close()
+                    flush_decoder = True
+                    if self.enforce_content_length and self.length_remaining not in (
+                        0,
+                        None,
+                    ):
+                        # This is an edge case that httplib failed to cover due
+                        # to concerns of backward compatibility. We're
+                        # addressing it here to make sure IncompleteRead is
+                        # raised during streaming, so all calls with incorrect
+                        # Content-Length are caught.
+                        raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
+
+        if data:
+            self._fp_bytes_read += len(data)
+            if self.length_remaining is not None:
+                self.length_remaining -= len(data)
+
+            data = self._decode(data, decode_content, flush_decoder)
+
+            if cache_content:
+                self._body = data
+
+        return data
+
+    def stream(self, amt=2 ** 16, decode_content=None):
+        """
+        A generator wrapper for the read() method. A call will block until
+        ``amt`` bytes have been read from the connection or until the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. The generator will return up to
+            much data per iteration, but may return less. This is particularly
+            likely when using compressed data. However, the empty string will
+            never be returned.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+        """
+        if self.chunked and self.supports_chunked_reads():
+            for line in self.read_chunked(amt, decode_content=decode_content):
+                yield line
+        else:
+            while not is_fp_closed(self._fp):
+                data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
+
+                if data:
+                    yield data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_httplib(ResponseCls, r, **response_kw):
+        """
+        Given an :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` instance ``r``, return a
+        corresponding :class:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse` object.
+
+        Remaining parameters are passed to the HTTPResponse constructor, along
+        with ``original_response=r``.
+        """
+        headers = r.msg
+
+        if not isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            if six.PY2:
+                # Python 2.7
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict.from_httplib(headers)
+            else:
+                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers.items())
+
+        # HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute
+        strict = getattr(r, "strict", 0)
+        resp = ResponseCls(
+            body=r,
+            headers=headers,
+            status=r.status,
+            version=r.version,
+            reason=r.reason,
+            strict=strict,
+            original_response=r,
+            **response_kw
+        )
+        return resp
+
+    # Backwards-compatibility methods for http.client.HTTPResponse
+    def getheaders(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "HTTPResponse.getheaders() is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead access HTTPResponse.headers directly.",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.headers
+
+    def getheader(self, name, default=None):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "HTTPResponse.getheader() is deprecated and will be removed "
+            "in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead use HTTPResponse.headers.get(name, default).",
+            category=DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.headers.get(name, default)
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+
+    # Overrides from io.IOBase
+    def close(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            self._fp.close()
+
+        if self._connection:
+            self._connection.close()
+
+        if not self.auto_close:
+            io.IOBase.close(self)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        if not self.auto_close:
+            return io.IOBase.closed.__get__(self)
+        elif self._fp is None:
+            return True
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "isclosed"):
+            return self._fp.isclosed()
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "closed"):
+            return self._fp.closed
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        if self._fp is None:
+            raise IOError("HTTPResponse has no file to get a fileno from")
+        elif hasattr(self._fp, "fileno"):
+            return self._fp.fileno()
+        else:
+            raise IOError(
+                "The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped "
+                "around has no file descriptor"
+            )
+
+    def flush(self):
+        if (
+            self._fp is not None
+            and hasattr(self._fp, "flush")
+            and not getattr(self._fp, "closed", False)
+        ):
+            return self._fp.flush()
+
+    def readable(self):
+        # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.
+        return True
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.
+        temp = self.read(len(b))
+        if len(temp) == 0:
+            return 0
+        else:
+            b[: len(temp)] = temp
+            return len(temp)
+
+    def supports_chunked_reads(self):
+        """
+        Checks if the underlying file-like object looks like a
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` object. We do this by testing for
+        the fp attribute. If it is present we assume it returns raw chunks as
+        processed by read_chunked().
+        """
+        return hasattr(self._fp, "fp")
+
+    def _update_chunk_length(self):
+        # First, we'll figure out length of a chunk and then
+        # we'll try to read it from socket.
+        if self.chunk_left is not None:
+            return
+        line = self._fp.fp.readline()
+        line = line.split(b";", 1)[0]
+        try:
+            self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            # Invalid chunked protocol response, abort.
+            self.close()
+            raise InvalidChunkLength(self, line)
+
+    def _handle_chunk(self, amt):
+        returned_chunk = None
+        if amt is None:
+            chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)
+            returned_chunk = chunk
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        elif amt < self.chunk_left:
+            value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)
+            self.chunk_left = self.chunk_left - amt
+            returned_chunk = value
+        elif amt == self.chunk_left:
+            value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+            returned_chunk = value
+        else:  # amt > self.chunk_left
+            returned_chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)
+            self._fp._safe_read(2)  # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        return returned_chunk
+
+    def read_chunked(self, amt=None, decode_content=None):
+        """
+        Similar to :meth:`HTTPResponse.read`, but with an additional
+        parameter: ``decode_content``.
+
+        :param amt:
+            How much of the content to read. If specified, caching is skipped
+            because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full
+            response.
+
+        :param decode_content:
+            If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the
+            'content-encoding' header.
+        """
+        self._init_decoder()
+        # FIXME: Rewrite this method and make it a class with a better structured logic.
+        if not self.chunked:
+            raise ResponseNotChunked(
+                "Response is not chunked. "
+                "Header 'transfer-encoding: chunked' is missing."
+            )
+        if not self.supports_chunked_reads():
+            raise BodyNotHttplibCompatible(
+                "Body should be http.client.HTTPResponse like. "
+                "It should have have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks."
+            )
+
+        with self._error_catcher():
+            # Don't bother reading the body of a HEAD request.
+            if self._original_response and is_response_to_head(self._original_response):
+                self._original_response.close()
+                return
+
+            # If a response is already read and closed
+            # then return immediately.
+            if self._fp.fp is None:
+                return
+
+            while True:
+                self._update_chunk_length()
+                if self.chunk_left == 0:
+                    break
+                chunk = self._handle_chunk(amt)
+                decoded = self._decode(
+                    chunk, decode_content=decode_content, flush_decoder=False
+                )
+                if decoded:
+                    yield decoded
+
+            if decode_content:
+                # On CPython and PyPy, we should never need to flush the
+                # decoder. However, on Jython we *might* need to, so
+                # lets defensively do it anyway.
+                decoded = self._flush_decoder()
+                if decoded:  # Platform-specific: Jython.
+                    yield decoded
+
+            # Chunk content ends with \r\n: discard it.
+            while True:
+                line = self._fp.fp.readline()
+                if not line:
+                    # Some sites may not end with '\r\n'.
+                    break
+                if line == b"\r\n":
+                    break
+
+            # We read everything; close the "file".
+            if self._original_response:
+                self._original_response.close()
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        """
+        Returns the URL that was the source of this response.
+        If the request that generated this response redirected, this method
+        will return the final redirect location.
+        """
+        if self.retries is not None and len(self.retries.history):
+            return self.retries.history[-1].redirect_location
+        else:
+            return self._request_url
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        buffer = []
+        for chunk in self.stream(decode_content=True):
+            if b"\n" in chunk:
+                chunk = chunk.split(b"\n")
+                yield b"".join(buffer) + chunk[0] + b"\n"
+                for x in chunk[1:-1]:
+                    yield x + b"\n"
+                if chunk[-1]:
+                    buffer = [chunk[-1]]
+                else:
+                    buffer = []
+            else:
+                buffer.append(chunk)
+        if buffer:
+            yield b"".join(buffer)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4547fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# For backwards compatibility, provide imports that used to be here.
+from .connection import is_connection_dropped
+from .request import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, make_headers
+from .response import is_fp_closed
+from .retry import Retry
+from .ssl_ import (
+    ALPN_PROTOCOLS,
+    HAS_SNI,
+    IS_PYOPENSSL,
+    IS_SECURETRANSPORT,
+    PROTOCOL_TLS,
+    SSLContext,
+    assert_fingerprint,
+    resolve_cert_reqs,
+    resolve_ssl_version,
+    ssl_wrap_socket,
+)
+from .timeout import Timeout, current_time
+from .url import Url, get_host, parse_url, split_first
+from .wait import wait_for_read, wait_for_write
+
+__all__ = (
+    "HAS_SNI",
+    "IS_PYOPENSSL",
+    "IS_SECURETRANSPORT",
+    "SSLContext",
+    "PROTOCOL_TLS",
+    "ALPN_PROTOCOLS",
+    "Retry",
+    "Timeout",
+    "Url",
+    "assert_fingerprint",
+    "current_time",
+    "is_connection_dropped",
+    "is_fp_closed",
+    "get_host",
+    "parse_url",
+    "make_headers",
+    "resolve_cert_reqs",
+    "resolve_ssl_version",
+    "split_first",
+    "ssl_wrap_socket",
+    "wait_for_read",
+    "wait_for_write",
+    "SKIP_HEADER",
+    "SKIPPABLE_HEADERS",
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6af1138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import socket
+
+from ..contrib import _appengine_environ
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from ..packages import six
+from .wait import NoWayToWaitForSocketError, wait_for_read
+
+
+def is_connection_dropped(conn):  # Platform-specific
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
+
+    :param conn:
+        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` object.
+
+    Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
+    let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
+    """
+    sock = getattr(conn, "sock", False)
+    if sock is False:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
+        return False
+    if sock is None:  # Connection already closed (such as by httplib).
+        return True
+    try:
+        # Returns True if readable, which here means it's been dropped
+        return wait_for_read(sock, timeout=0.0)
+    except NoWayToWaitForSocketError:  # Platform-specific: AppEngine
+        return False
+
+
+# This function is copied from socket.py in the Python 2.7 standard
+# library test suite. Added to its signature is only `socket_options`.
+# One additional modification is that we avoid binding to IPv6 servers
+# discovered in DNS if the system doesn't have IPv6 functionality.
+def create_connection(
+    address,
+    timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address=None,
+    socket_options=None,
+):
+    """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
+
+    Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
+    port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
+    *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
+    before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
+    global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout`
+    is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
+    for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
+    An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
+    """
+
+    host, port = address
+    if host.startswith("["):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
+    err = None
+
+    # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
+    # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
+    # The original create_connection function always returns all records.
+    family = allowed_gai_family()
+
+    try:
+        host.encode("idna")
+    except UnicodeError:
+        return six.raise_from(
+            LocationParseError(u"'%s', label empty or too long" % host), None
+        )
+
+    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+
+            # If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
+            _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
+
+            if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            return sock
+
+        except socket.error as e:
+            err = e
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+                sock = None
+
+    if err is not None:
+        raise err
+
+    raise socket.error("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+
+
+def _set_socket_options(sock, options):
+    if options is None:
+        return
+
+    for opt in options:
+        sock.setsockopt(*opt)
+
+
+def allowed_gai_family():
+    """This function is designed to work in the context of
+    getaddrinfo, where family=socket.AF_UNSPEC is the default and
+    will perform a DNS search for both IPv6 and IPv4 records."""
+
+    family = socket.AF_INET
+    if HAS_IPV6:
+        family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    return family
+
+
+def _has_ipv6(host):
+    """Returns True if the system can bind an IPv6 address."""
+    sock = None
+    has_ipv6 = False
+
+    # App Engine doesn't support IPV6 sockets and actually has a quota on the
+    # number of sockets that can be used, so just early out here instead of
+    # creating a socket needlessly.
+    # See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/1446
+    if _appengine_environ.is_appengine_sandbox():
+        return False
+
+    if socket.has_ipv6:
+        # has_ipv6 returns true if cPython was compiled with IPv6 support.
+        # It does not tell us if the system has IPv6 support enabled. To
+        # determine that we must bind to an IPv6 address.
+        # https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/611
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue658327
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+            sock.bind((host, 0))
+            has_ipv6 = True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if sock:
+        sock.close()
+    return has_ipv6
+
+
+HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6("::1")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2199cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from .ssl_ import create_urllib3_context, resolve_cert_reqs, resolve_ssl_version
+
+
+def connection_requires_http_tunnel(
+    proxy_url=None, proxy_config=None, destination_scheme=None
+):
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection requires an HTTP CONNECT through the proxy.
+
+    :param URL proxy_url:
+        URL of the proxy.
+    :param ProxyConfig proxy_config:
+        Proxy configuration from poolmanager.py
+    :param str destination_scheme:
+        The scheme of the destination. (i.e https, http, etc)
+    """
+    # If we're not using a proxy, no way to use a tunnel.
+    if proxy_url is None:
+        return False
+
+    # HTTP destinations never require tunneling, we always forward.
+    if destination_scheme == "http":
+        return False
+
+    # Support for forwarding with HTTPS proxies and HTTPS destinations.
+    if (
+        proxy_url.scheme == "https"
+        and proxy_config
+        and proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https
+    ):
+        return False
+
+    # Otherwise always use a tunnel.
+    return True
+
+
+def create_proxy_ssl_context(
+    ssl_version, cert_reqs, ca_certs=None, ca_cert_dir=None, ca_cert_data=None
+):
+    """
+    Generates a default proxy ssl context if one hasn't been provided by the
+    user.
+    """
+    ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
+        ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(ssl_version),
+        cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(cert_reqs),
+    )
+
+    if (
+        not ca_certs
+        and not ca_cert_dir
+        and not ca_cert_data
+        and hasattr(ssl_context, "load_default_certs")
+    ):
+        ssl_context.load_default_certs()
+
+    return ssl_context
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4178410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/queue.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import collections
+
+from ..packages import six
+from ..packages.six.moves import queue
+
+if six.PY2:
+    # Queue is imported for side effects on MS Windows. See issue #229.
+    import Queue as _unused_module_Queue  # noqa: F401
+
+
+class LifoQueue(queue.Queue):
+    def _init(self, _):
+        self.queue = collections.deque()
+
+    def _qsize(self, len=len):
+        return len(self.queue)
+
+    def _put(self, item):
+        self.queue.append(item)
+
+    def _get(self):
+        return self.queue.pop()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..330766e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from ..exceptions import UnrewindableBodyError
+from ..packages.six import b, integer_types
+
+# Pass as a value within ``headers`` to skip
+# emitting some HTTP headers that are added automatically.
+# The only headers that are supported are ``Accept-Encoding``,
+# ``Host``, and ``User-Agent``.
+SKIP_HEADER = "@@@SKIP_HEADER@@@"
+SKIPPABLE_HEADERS = frozenset(["accept-encoding", "host", "user-agent"])
+
+ACCEPT_ENCODING = "gzip,deflate"
+
+_FAILEDTELL = object()
+
+
+def make_headers(
+    keep_alive=None,
+    accept_encoding=None,
+    user_agent=None,
+    basic_auth=None,
+    proxy_basic_auth=None,
+    disable_cache=None,
+):
+    """
+    Shortcuts for generating request headers.
+
+    :param keep_alive:
+        If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
+
+    :param accept_encoding:
+        Can be a boolean, list, or string.
+        ``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
+        List will get joined by comma.
+        String will be used as provided.
+
+    :param user_agent:
+        String representing the user-agent you want, such as
+        "python-urllib3/0.6"
+
+    :param basic_auth:
+        Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
+        auth header.
+
+    :param proxy_basic_auth:
+        Colon-separated username:password string for 'proxy-authorization: basic ...'
+        auth header.
+
+    :param disable_cache:
+        If ``True``, adds 'cache-control: no-cache' header.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
+        {'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
+        >>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
+        {'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
+    """
+    headers = {}
+    if accept_encoding:
+        if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
+            accept_encoding = ",".join(accept_encoding)
+        else:
+            accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
+        headers["accept-encoding"] = accept_encoding
+
+    if user_agent:
+        headers["user-agent"] = user_agent
+
+    if keep_alive:
+        headers["connection"] = "keep-alive"
+
+    if basic_auth:
+        headers["authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(b(basic_auth)).decode("utf-8")
+
+    if proxy_basic_auth:
+        headers["proxy-authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode(
+            b(proxy_basic_auth)
+        ).decode("utf-8")
+
+    if disable_cache:
+        headers["cache-control"] = "no-cache"
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def set_file_position(body, pos):
+    """
+    If a position is provided, move file to that point.
+    Otherwise, we'll attempt to record a position for future use.
+    """
+    if pos is not None:
+        rewind_body(body, pos)
+    elif getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
+        try:
+            pos = body.tell()
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            # This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
+            # a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body.
+            pos = _FAILEDTELL
+
+    return pos
+
+
+def rewind_body(body, body_pos):
+    """
+    Attempt to rewind body to a certain position.
+    Primarily used for request redirects and retries.
+
+    :param body:
+        File-like object that supports seek.
+
+    :param int pos:
+        Position to seek to in file.
+    """
+    body_seek = getattr(body, "seek", None)
+    if body_seek is not None and isinstance(body_pos, integer_types):
+        try:
+            body_seek(body_pos)
+        except (IOError, OSError):
+            raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+                "An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect/retry."
+            )
+    elif body_pos is _FAILEDTELL:
+        raise UnrewindableBodyError(
+            "Unable to record file position for rewinding "
+            "request body during a redirect/retry."
+        )
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "body_pos must be of type integer, instead it was %s." % type(body_pos)
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ea609c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from email.errors import MultipartInvariantViolationDefect, StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect
+
+from ..exceptions import HeaderParsingError
+from ..packages.six.moves import http_client as httplib
+
+
+def is_fp_closed(obj):
+    """
+    Checks whether a given file-like object is closed.
+
+    :param obj:
+        The file-like object to check.
+    """
+
+    try:
+        # Check `isclosed()` first, in case Python3 doesn't set `closed`.
+        # GH Issue #928
+        return obj.isclosed()
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # Check via the official file-like-object way.
+        return obj.closed
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # Check if the object is a container for another file-like object that
+        # gets released on exhaustion (e.g. HTTPResponse).
+        return obj.fp is None
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    raise ValueError("Unable to determine whether fp is closed.")
+
+
+def assert_header_parsing(headers):
+    """
+    Asserts whether all headers have been successfully parsed.
+    Extracts encountered errors from the result of parsing headers.
+
+    Only works on Python 3.
+
+    :param http.client.HTTPMessage headers: Headers to verify.
+
+    :raises urllib3.exceptions.HeaderParsingError:
+        If parsing errors are found.
+    """
+
+    # This will fail silently if we pass in the wrong kind of parameter.
+    # To make debugging easier add an explicit check.
+    if not isinstance(headers, httplib.HTTPMessage):
+        raise TypeError("expected httplib.Message, got {0}.".format(type(headers)))
+
+    defects = getattr(headers, "defects", None)
+    get_payload = getattr(headers, "get_payload", None)
+
+    unparsed_data = None
+    if get_payload:
+        # get_payload is actually email.message.Message.get_payload;
+        # we're only interested in the result if it's not a multipart message
+        if not headers.is_multipart():
+            payload = get_payload()
+
+            if isinstance(payload, (bytes, str)):
+                unparsed_data = payload
+    if defects:
+        # httplib is assuming a response body is available
+        # when parsing headers even when httplib only sends
+        # header data to parse_headers() This results in
+        # defects on multipart responses in particular.
+        # See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/800
+
+        # So we ignore the following defects:
+        # - StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect:
+        #     The claimed start boundary was never found.
+        # - MultipartInvariantViolationDefect:
+        #     A message claimed to be a multipart but no subparts were found.
+        defects = [
+            defect
+            for defect in defects
+            if not isinstance(
+                defect, (StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect, MultipartInvariantViolationDefect)
+            )
+        ]
+
+    if defects or unparsed_data:
+        raise HeaderParsingError(defects=defects, unparsed_data=unparsed_data)
+
+
+def is_response_to_head(response):
+    """
+    Checks whether the request of a response has been a HEAD-request.
+    Handles the quirks of AppEngine.
+
+    :param http.client.HTTPResponse response:
+        Response to check if the originating request
+        used 'HEAD' as a method.
+    """
+    # FIXME: Can we do this somehow without accessing private httplib _method?
+    method = response._method
+    if isinstance(method, int):  # Platform-specific: Appengine
+        return method == 3
+    return method.upper() == "HEAD"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a1e90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import email
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+import warnings
+from collections import namedtuple
+from itertools import takewhile
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConnectTimeoutError,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    MaxRetryError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    ProxyError,
+    ReadTimeoutError,
+    ResponseError,
+)
+from ..packages import six
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
+RequestHistory = namedtuple(
+    "RequestHistory", ["method", "url", "error", "status", "redirect_location"]
+)
+
+
+# TODO: In v2 we can remove this sentinel and metaclass with deprecated options.
+_Default = object()
+
+
+class _RetryMeta(type):
+    @property
+    def DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+
+    @DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST.setter
+    def DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_METHOD_WHITELIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = value
+
+    @property
+    def DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT
+
+    @DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST.setter
+    def DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.DEFAULT_REDIRECT_HEADERS_BLACKLIST' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = value
+
+    @property
+    def BACKOFF_MAX(cls):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.BACKOFF_MAX' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return cls.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX
+
+    @BACKOFF_MAX.setter
+    def BACKOFF_MAX(cls, value):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Using 'Retry.BACKOFF_MAX' is deprecated and "
+            "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX' instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        cls.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = value
+
+
+@six.add_metaclass(_RetryMeta)
+class Retry(object):
+    """Retry configuration.
+
+    Each retry attempt will create a new Retry object with updated values, so
+    they can be safely reused.
+
+    Retries can be defined as a default for a pool::
+
+        retries = Retry(connect=5, read=2, redirect=5)
+        http = PoolManager(retries=retries)
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/')
+
+    Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool)::
+
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', retries=Retry(10))
+
+    Retries can be disabled by passing ``False``::
+
+        response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', retries=False)
+
+    Errors will be wrapped in :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` unless
+    retries are disabled, in which case the causing exception will be raised.
+
+    :param int total:
+        Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts.
+
+        Set to ``None`` to remove this constraint and fall back on other
+        counts.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry.
+
+        Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
+
+    :param int connect:
+        How many connection-related errors to retry on.
+
+        These are errors raised before the request is sent to the remote server,
+        which we assume has not triggered the server to process the request.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int read:
+        How many times to retry on read errors.
+
+        These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
+        request may have side-effects.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int redirect:
+        How many redirects to perform. Limit this to avoid infinite redirect
+        loops.
+
+        A redirect is a HTTP response with a status code 301, 302, 303, 307 or
+        308.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+        Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
+
+    :param int status:
+        How many times to retry on bad status codes.
+
+        These are retries made on responses, where status code matches
+        ``status_forcelist``.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+    :param int other:
+        How many times to retry on other errors.
+
+        Other errors are errors that are not connect, read, redirect or status errors.
+        These errors might be raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
+        request might have side-effects.
+
+        Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
+
+        If ``total`` is not set, it's a good idea to set this to 0 to account
+        for unexpected edge cases and avoid infinite retry loops.
+
+    :param iterable allowed_methods:
+        Set of uppercased HTTP method verbs that we should retry on.
+
+        By default, we only retry on methods which are considered to be
+        idempotent (multiple requests with the same parameters end with the
+        same state). See :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS`.
+
+        Set to a ``False`` value to retry on any verb.
+
+        .. warning::
+
+            Previously this parameter was named ``method_whitelist``, that
+            usage is deprecated in v1.26.0 and will be removed in v2.0.
+
+    :param iterable status_forcelist:
+        A set of integer HTTP status codes that we should force a retry on.
+        A retry is initiated if the request method is in ``allowed_methods``
+        and the response status code is in ``status_forcelist``.
+
+        By default, this is disabled with ``None``.
+
+    :param float backoff_factor:
+        A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second try
+        (most errors are resolved immediately by a second try without a
+        delay). urllib3 will sleep for::
+
+            {backoff factor} * (2 ** ({number of total retries} - 1))
+
+        seconds. If the backoff_factor is 0.1, then :func:`.sleep` will sleep
+        for [0.0s, 0.2s, 0.4s, ...] between retries. It will never be longer
+        than :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX`.
+
+        By default, backoff is disabled (set to 0).
+
+    :param bool raise_on_redirect: Whether, if the number of redirects is
+        exhausted, to raise a MaxRetryError, or to return a response with a
+        response code in the 3xx range.
+
+    :param bool raise_on_status: Similar meaning to ``raise_on_redirect``:
+        whether we should raise an exception, or return a response,
+        if status falls in ``status_forcelist`` range and retries have
+        been exhausted.
+
+    :param tuple history: The history of the request encountered during
+        each call to :meth:`~Retry.increment`. The list is in the order
+        the requests occurred. Each list item is of class :class:`RequestHistory`.
+
+    :param bool respect_retry_after_header:
+        Whether to respect Retry-After header on status codes defined as
+        :attr:`Retry.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES` or not.
+
+    :param iterable remove_headers_on_redirect:
+        Sequence of headers to remove from the request when a response
+        indicating a redirect is returned before firing off the redirected
+        request.
+    """
+
+    #: Default methods to be used for ``allowed_methods``
+    DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = frozenset(
+        ["HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"]
+    )
+
+    #: Default status codes to be used for ``status_forcelist``
+    RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([413, 429, 503])
+
+    #: Default headers to be used for ``remove_headers_on_redirect``
+    DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = frozenset(
+        ["Cookie", "Authorization", "Proxy-Authorization"]
+    )
+
+    #: Maximum backoff time.
+    DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = 120
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        total=10,
+        connect=None,
+        read=None,
+        redirect=None,
+        status=None,
+        other=None,
+        allowed_methods=_Default,
+        status_forcelist=None,
+        backoff_factor=0,
+        raise_on_redirect=True,
+        raise_on_status=True,
+        history=None,
+        respect_retry_after_header=True,
+        remove_headers_on_redirect=_Default,
+        # TODO: Deprecated, remove in v2.0
+        method_whitelist=_Default,
+    ):
+
+        if method_whitelist is not _Default:
+            if allowed_methods is not _Default:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Using both 'allowed_methods' and "
+                    "'method_whitelist' together is not allowed. "
+                    "Instead only use 'allowed_methods'"
+                )
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            allowed_methods = method_whitelist
+        if allowed_methods is _Default:
+            allowed_methods = self.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS
+        if remove_headers_on_redirect is _Default:
+            remove_headers_on_redirect = self.DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT
+
+        self.total = total
+        self.connect = connect
+        self.read = read
+        self.status = status
+        self.other = other
+
+        if redirect is False or total is False:
+            redirect = 0
+            raise_on_redirect = False
+
+        self.redirect = redirect
+        self.status_forcelist = status_forcelist or set()
+        self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods
+        self.backoff_factor = backoff_factor
+        self.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
+        self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
+        self.history = history or tuple()
+        self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
+        self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
+            [h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect]
+        )
+
+    def new(self, **kw):
+        params = dict(
+            total=self.total,
+            connect=self.connect,
+            read=self.read,
+            redirect=self.redirect,
+            status=self.status,
+            other=self.other,
+            status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
+            backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
+            raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
+            raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
+            history=self.history,
+            remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
+            respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: If already given in **kw we use what's given to us
+        # If not given we need to figure out what to pass. We decide
+        # based on whether our class has the 'method_whitelist' property
+        # and if so we pass the deprecated 'method_whitelist' otherwise
+        # we use 'allowed_methods'. Remove in v2.0
+        if "method_whitelist" not in kw and "allowed_methods" not in kw:
+            if "method_whitelist" in self.__dict__:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                    "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                    DeprecationWarning,
+                )
+                params["method_whitelist"] = self.allowed_methods
+            else:
+                params["allowed_methods"] = self.allowed_methods
+
+        params.update(kw)
+        return type(self)(**params)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_int(cls, retries, redirect=True, default=None):
+        """Backwards-compatibility for the old retries format."""
+        if retries is None:
+            retries = default if default is not None else cls.DEFAULT
+
+        if isinstance(retries, Retry):
+            return retries
+
+        redirect = bool(redirect) and None
+        new_retries = cls(retries, redirect=redirect)
+        log.debug("Converted retries value: %r -> %r", retries, new_retries)
+        return new_retries
+
+    def get_backoff_time(self):
+        """Formula for computing the current backoff
+
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+        # We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
+        consecutive_errors_len = len(
+            list(
+                takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None, reversed(self.history))
+            )
+        )
+        if consecutive_errors_len <= 1:
+            return 0
+
+        backoff_value = self.backoff_factor * (2 ** (consecutive_errors_len - 1))
+        return min(self.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX, backoff_value)
+
+    def parse_retry_after(self, retry_after):
+        # Whitespace: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4
+        if re.match(r"^\s*[0-9]+\s*$", retry_after):
+            seconds = int(retry_after)
+        else:
+            retry_date_tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(retry_after)
+            if retry_date_tuple is None:
+                raise InvalidHeader("Invalid Retry-After header: %s" % retry_after)
+            if retry_date_tuple[9] is None:  # Python 2
+                # Assume UTC if no timezone was specified
+                # On Python2.7, parsedate_tz returns None for a timezone offset
+                # instead of 0 if no timezone is given, where mktime_tz treats
+                # a None timezone offset as local time.
+                retry_date_tuple = retry_date_tuple[:9] + (0,) + retry_date_tuple[10:]
+
+            retry_date = email.utils.mktime_tz(retry_date_tuple)
+            seconds = retry_date - time.time()
+
+        if seconds < 0:
+            seconds = 0
+
+        return seconds
+
+    def get_retry_after(self, response):
+        """Get the value of Retry-After in seconds."""
+
+        retry_after = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
+
+        if retry_after is None:
+            return None
+
+        return self.parse_retry_after(retry_after)
+
+    def sleep_for_retry(self, response=None):
+        retry_after = self.get_retry_after(response)
+        if retry_after:
+            time.sleep(retry_after)
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    def _sleep_backoff(self):
+        backoff = self.get_backoff_time()
+        if backoff <= 0:
+            return
+        time.sleep(backoff)
+
+    def sleep(self, response=None):
+        """Sleep between retry attempts.
+
+        This method will respect a server's ``Retry-After`` response header
+        and sleep the duration of the time requested. If that is not present, it
+        will use an exponential backoff. By default, the backoff factor is 0 and
+        this method will return immediately.
+        """
+
+        if self.respect_retry_after_header and response:
+            slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
+            if slept:
+                return
+
+        self._sleep_backoff()
+
+    def _is_connection_error(self, err):
+        """Errors when we're fairly sure that the server did not receive the
+        request, so it should be safe to retry.
+        """
+        if isinstance(err, ProxyError):
+            err = err.original_error
+        return isinstance(err, ConnectTimeoutError)
+
+    def _is_read_error(self, err):
+        """Errors that occur after the request has been started, so we should
+        assume that the server began processing it.
+        """
+        return isinstance(err, (ReadTimeoutError, ProtocolError))
+
+    def _is_method_retryable(self, method):
+        """Checks if a given HTTP method should be retried upon, depending if
+        it is included in the allowed_methods
+        """
+        # TODO: For now favor if the Retry implementation sets its own method_whitelist
+        # property outside of our constructor to avoid breaking custom implementations.
+        if "method_whitelist" in self.__dict__:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            allowed_methods = self.method_whitelist
+        else:
+            allowed_methods = self.allowed_methods
+
+        if allowed_methods and method.upper() not in allowed_methods:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def is_retry(self, method, status_code, has_retry_after=False):
+        """Is this method/status code retryable? (Based on allowlists and control
+        variables such as the number of total retries to allow, whether to
+        respect the Retry-After header, whether this header is present, and
+        whether the returned status code is on the list of status codes to
+        be retried upon on the presence of the aforementioned header)
+        """
+        if not self._is_method_retryable(method):
+            return False
+
+        if self.status_forcelist and status_code in self.status_forcelist:
+            return True
+
+        return (
+            self.total
+            and self.respect_retry_after_header
+            and has_retry_after
+            and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
+        )
+
+    def is_exhausted(self):
+        """Are we out of retries?"""
+        retry_counts = (
+            self.total,
+            self.connect,
+            self.read,
+            self.redirect,
+            self.status,
+            self.other,
+        )
+        retry_counts = list(filter(None, retry_counts))
+        if not retry_counts:
+            return False
+
+        return min(retry_counts) < 0
+
+    def increment(
+        self,
+        method=None,
+        url=None,
+        response=None,
+        error=None,
+        _pool=None,
+        _stacktrace=None,
+    ):
+        """Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
+
+        :param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
+            return a response.
+        :type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.HTTPResponse`
+        :param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
+            None if the response was received successfully.
+
+        :return: A new ``Retry`` object.
+        """
+        if self.total is False and error:
+            # Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
+            raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+
+        total = self.total
+        if total is not None:
+            total -= 1
+
+        connect = self.connect
+        read = self.read
+        redirect = self.redirect
+        status_count = self.status
+        other = self.other
+        cause = "unknown"
+        status = None
+        redirect_location = None
+
+        if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
+            # Connect retry?
+            if connect is False:
+                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+            elif connect is not None:
+                connect -= 1
+
+        elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
+            # Read retry?
+            if read is False or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
+                raise six.reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
+            elif read is not None:
+                read -= 1
+
+        elif error:
+            # Other retry?
+            if other is not None:
+                other -= 1
+
+        elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
+            # Redirect retry?
+            if redirect is not None:
+                redirect -= 1
+            cause = "too many redirects"
+            redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
+            status = response.status
+
+        else:
+            # Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
+            # status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
+            cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
+            if response and response.status:
+                if status_count is not None:
+                    status_count -= 1
+                cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
+                status = response.status
+
+        history = self.history + (
+            RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
+        )
+
+        new_retry = self.new(
+            total=total,
+            connect=connect,
+            read=read,
+            redirect=redirect,
+            status=status_count,
+            other=other,
+            history=history,
+        )
+
+        if new_retry.is_exhausted():
+            raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
+
+        log.debug("Incremented Retry for (url='%s'): %r", url, new_retry)
+
+        return new_retry
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "{cls.__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
+            "read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
+        ).format(cls=type(self), self=self)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item == "method_whitelist":
+            # TODO: Remove this deprecated alias in v2.0
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using 'method_whitelist' with Retry is deprecated and "
+                "will be removed in v2.0. Use 'allowed_methods' instead",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            return self.allowed_methods
+        try:
+            return getattr(super(Retry, self), item)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return getattr(Retry, item)
+
+
+# For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
+Retry.DEFAULT = Retry(3)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b45d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import hmac
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
+from hashlib import md5, sha1, sha256
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InsecurePlatformWarning,
+    ProxySchemeUnsupported,
+    SNIMissingWarning,
+    SSLError,
+)
+from ..packages import six
+from .url import BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE, IPV4_RE
+
+SSLContext = None
+SSLTransport = None
+HAS_SNI = False
+IS_PYOPENSSL = False
+IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
+ALPN_PROTOCOLS = ["http/1.1"]
+
+# Maps the length of a digest to a possible hash function producing this digest
+HASHFUNC_MAP = {32: md5, 40: sha1, 64: sha256}
+
+
+def _const_compare_digest_backport(a, b):
+    """
+    Compare two digests of equal length in constant time.
+
+    The digests must be of type str/bytes.
+    Returns True if the digests match, and False otherwise.
+    """
+    result = abs(len(a) - len(b))
+    for left, right in zip(bytearray(a), bytearray(b)):
+        result |= left ^ right
+    return result == 0
+
+
+_const_compare_digest = getattr(hmac, "compare_digest", _const_compare_digest_backport)
+
+try:  # Test for SSL features
+    import ssl
+    from ssl import CERT_REQUIRED, wrap_socket
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from ssl import HAS_SNI  # Has SNI?
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from .ssltransport import SSLTransport
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3.6
+    from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+    PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from ssl import PROTOCOL_SSLv23 as PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
+    except ImportError:
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS = 2
+
+try:
+    from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+except ImportError:
+    PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT = PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+
+try:
+    from ssl import OP_NO_COMPRESSION, OP_NO_SSLv2, OP_NO_SSLv3
+except ImportError:
+    OP_NO_SSLv2, OP_NO_SSLv3 = 0x1000000, 0x2000000
+    OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x20000
+
+
+try:  # OP_NO_TICKET was added in Python 3.6
+    from ssl import OP_NO_TICKET
+except ImportError:
+    OP_NO_TICKET = 0x4000
+
+
+# A secure default.
+# Sources for more information on TLS ciphers:
+#
+# - https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
+# - https://www.ssllabs.com/projects/best-practices/index.html
+# - https://hynek.me/articles/hardening-your-web-servers-ssl-ciphers/
+#
+# The general intent is:
+# - prefer cipher suites that offer perfect forward secrecy (DHE/ECDHE),
+# - prefer ECDHE over DHE for better performance,
+# - prefer any AES-GCM and ChaCha20 over any AES-CBC for better performance and
+#   security,
+# - prefer AES-GCM over ChaCha20 because hardware-accelerated AES is common,
+# - disable NULL authentication, MD5 MACs, DSS, and other
+#   insecure ciphers for security reasons.
+# - NOTE: TLS 1.3 cipher suites are managed through a different interface
+#   not exposed by CPython (yet!) and are enabled by default if they're available.
+DEFAULT_CIPHERS = ":".join(
+    [
+        "ECDHE+AESGCM",
+        "ECDHE+CHACHA20",
+        "DHE+AESGCM",
+        "DHE+CHACHA20",
+        "ECDH+AESGCM",
+        "DH+AESGCM",
+        "ECDH+AES",
+        "DH+AES",
+        "RSA+AESGCM",
+        "RSA+AES",
+        "!aNULL",
+        "!eNULL",
+        "!MD5",
+        "!DSS",
+    ]
+)
+
+try:
+    from ssl import SSLContext  # Modern SSL?
+except ImportError:
+
+    class SSLContext(object):  # Platform-specific: Python 2
+        def __init__(self, protocol_version):
+            self.protocol = protocol_version
+            # Use default values from a real SSLContext
+            self.check_hostname = False
+            self.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+            self.ca_certs = None
+            self.options = 0
+            self.certfile = None
+            self.keyfile = None
+            self.ciphers = None
+
+        def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile):
+            self.certfile = certfile
+            self.keyfile = keyfile
+
+        def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):
+            self.ca_certs = cafile
+
+            if capath is not None:
+                raise SSLError("CA directories not supported in older Pythons")
+
+            if cadata is not None:
+                raise SSLError("CA data not supported in older Pythons")
+
+        def set_ciphers(self, cipher_suite):
+            self.ciphers = cipher_suite
+
+        def wrap_socket(self, socket, server_hostname=None, server_side=False):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents "
+                "urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause "
+                "certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer "
+                "version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+                "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+                "#ssl-warnings",
+                InsecurePlatformWarning,
+            )
+            kwargs = {
+                "keyfile": self.keyfile,
+                "certfile": self.certfile,
+                "ca_certs": self.ca_certs,
+                "cert_reqs": self.verify_mode,
+                "ssl_version": self.protocol,
+                "server_side": server_side,
+            }
+            return wrap_socket(socket, ciphers=self.ciphers, **kwargs)
+
+
+def assert_fingerprint(cert, fingerprint):
+    """
+    Checks if given fingerprint matches the supplied certificate.
+
+    :param cert:
+        Certificate as bytes object.
+    :param fingerprint:
+        Fingerprint as string of hexdigits, can be interspersed by colons.
+    """
+
+    fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(":", "").lower()
+    digest_length = len(fingerprint)
+    hashfunc = HASHFUNC_MAP.get(digest_length)
+    if not hashfunc:
+        raise SSLError("Fingerprint of invalid length: {0}".format(fingerprint))
+
+    # We need encode() here for py32; works on py2 and p33.
+    fingerprint_bytes = unhexlify(fingerprint.encode())
+
+    cert_digest = hashfunc(cert).digest()
+
+    if not _const_compare_digest(cert_digest, fingerprint_bytes):
+        raise SSLError(
+            'Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{0}", got "{1}".'.format(
+                fingerprint, hexlify(cert_digest)
+            )
+        )
+
+
+def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate):
+    """
+    Resolves the argument to a numeric constant, which can be passed to
+    the wrap_socket function/method from the ssl module.
+    Defaults to :data:`ssl.CERT_REQUIRED`.
+    If given a string it is assumed to be the name of the constant in the
+    :mod:`ssl` module or its abbreviation.
+    (So you can specify `REQUIRED` instead of `CERT_REQUIRED`.
+    If it's neither `None` nor a string we assume it is already the numeric
+    constant which can directly be passed to wrap_socket.
+    """
+    if candidate is None:
+        return CERT_REQUIRED
+
+    if isinstance(candidate, str):
+        res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
+        if res is None:
+            res = getattr(ssl, "CERT_" + candidate)
+        return res
+
+    return candidate
+
+
+def resolve_ssl_version(candidate):
+    """
+    like resolve_cert_reqs
+    """
+    if candidate is None:
+        return PROTOCOL_TLS
+
+    if isinstance(candidate, str):
+        res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
+        if res is None:
+            res = getattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_" + candidate)
+        return res
+
+    return candidate
+
+
+def create_urllib3_context(
+    ssl_version=None, cert_reqs=None, options=None, ciphers=None
+):
+    """All arguments have the same meaning as ``ssl_wrap_socket``.
+
+    By default, this function does a lot of the same work that
+    ``ssl.create_default_context`` does on Python 3.4+. It:
+
+    - Disables SSLv2, SSLv3, and compression
+    - Sets a restricted set of server ciphers
+
+    If you wish to enable SSLv3, you can do::
+
+        from pip._vendor.urllib3.util import ssl_
+        context = ssl_.create_urllib3_context()
+        context.options &= ~ssl_.OP_NO_SSLv3
+
+    You can do the same to enable compression (substituting ``COMPRESSION``
+    for ``SSLv3`` in the last line above).
+
+    :param ssl_version:
+        The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
+        PROTOCOL_SSLv23 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
+        the server and your installation of OpenSSL support.
+    :param cert_reqs:
+        Whether to require the certificate verification. This defaults to
+        ``ssl.CERT_REQUIRED``.
+    :param options:
+        Specific OpenSSL options. These default to ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2``,
+        ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3``, ``ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION``, and ``ssl.OP_NO_TICKET``.
+    :param ciphers:
+        Which cipher suites to allow the server to select.
+    :returns:
+        Constructed SSLContext object with specified options
+    :rtype: SSLContext
+    """
+    # PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated in Python 3.10
+    if not ssl_version or ssl_version == PROTOCOL_TLS:
+        ssl_version = PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
+
+    context = SSLContext(ssl_version)
+
+    context.set_ciphers(ciphers or DEFAULT_CIPHERS)
+
+    # Setting the default here, as we may have no ssl module on import
+    cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if cert_reqs is None else cert_reqs
+
+    if options is None:
+        options = 0
+        # SSLv2 is easily broken and is considered harmful and dangerous
+        options |= OP_NO_SSLv2
+        # SSLv3 has several problems and is now dangerous
+        options |= OP_NO_SSLv3
+        # Disable compression to prevent CRIME attacks for OpenSSL 1.0+
+        # (issue #309)
+        options |= OP_NO_COMPRESSION
+        # TLSv1.2 only. Unless set explicitly, do not request tickets.
+        # This may save some bandwidth on wire, and although the ticket is encrypted,
+        # there is a risk associated with it being on wire,
+        # if the server is not rotating its ticketing keys properly.
+        options |= OP_NO_TICKET
+
+    context.options |= options
+
+    # Enable post-handshake authentication for TLS 1.3, see GH #1634. PHA is
+    # necessary for conditional client cert authentication with TLS 1.3.
+    # The attribute is None for OpenSSL <= 1.1.0 or does not exist in older
+    # versions of Python.  We only enable on Python 3.7.4+ or if certificate
+    # verification is enabled to work around Python issue #37428
+    # See: https://bugs.python.org/issue37428
+    if (cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED or sys.version_info >= (3, 7, 4)) and getattr(
+        context, "post_handshake_auth", None
+    ) is not None:
+        context.post_handshake_auth = True
+
+    def disable_check_hostname():
+        if (
+            getattr(context, "check_hostname", None) is not None
+        ):  # Platform-specific: Python 3.2
+            # We do our own verification, including fingerprints and alternative
+            # hostnames. So disable it here
+            context.check_hostname = False
+
+    # The order of the below lines setting verify_mode and check_hostname
+    # matter due to safe-guards SSLContext has to prevent an SSLContext with
+    # check_hostname=True, verify_mode=NONE/OPTIONAL. This is made even more
+    # complex because we don't know whether PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT will be used
+    # or not so we don't know the initial state of the freshly created SSLContext.
+    if cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED:
+        context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
+        disable_check_hostname()
+    else:
+        disable_check_hostname()
+        context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
+
+    # Enable logging of TLS session keys via defacto standard environment variable
+    # 'SSLKEYLOGFILE', if the feature is available (Python 3.8+). Skip empty values.
+    if hasattr(context, "keylog_filename"):
+        sslkeylogfile = os.environ.get("SSLKEYLOGFILE")
+        if sslkeylogfile:
+            context.keylog_filename = sslkeylogfile
+
+    return context
+
+
+def ssl_wrap_socket(
+    sock,
+    keyfile=None,
+    certfile=None,
+    cert_reqs=None,
+    ca_certs=None,
+    server_hostname=None,
+    ssl_version=None,
+    ciphers=None,
+    ssl_context=None,
+    ca_cert_dir=None,
+    key_password=None,
+    ca_cert_data=None,
+    tls_in_tls=False,
+):
+    """
+    All arguments except for server_hostname, ssl_context, and ca_cert_dir have
+    the same meaning as they do when using :func:`ssl.wrap_socket`.
+
+    :param server_hostname:
+        When SNI is supported, the expected hostname of the certificate
+    :param ssl_context:
+        A pre-made :class:`SSLContext` object. If none is provided, one will
+        be created using :func:`create_urllib3_context`.
+    :param ciphers:
+        A string of ciphers we wish the client to support.
+    :param ca_cert_dir:
+        A directory containing CA certificates in multiple separate files, as
+        supported by OpenSSL's -CApath flag or the capath argument to
+        SSLContext.load_verify_locations().
+    :param key_password:
+        Optional password if the keyfile is encrypted.
+    :param ca_cert_data:
+        Optional string containing CA certificates in PEM format suitable for
+        passing as the cadata parameter to SSLContext.load_verify_locations()
+    :param tls_in_tls:
+        Use SSLTransport to wrap the existing socket.
+    """
+    context = ssl_context
+    if context is None:
+        # Note: This branch of code and all the variables in it are no longer
+        # used by urllib3 itself. We should consider deprecating and removing
+        # this code.
+        context = create_urllib3_context(ssl_version, cert_reqs, ciphers=ciphers)
+
+    if ca_certs or ca_cert_dir or ca_cert_data:
+        try:
+            context.load_verify_locations(ca_certs, ca_cert_dir, ca_cert_data)
+        except (IOError, OSError) as e:
+            raise SSLError(e)
+
+    elif ssl_context is None and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs"):
+        # try to load OS default certs; works well on Windows (require Python3.4+)
+        context.load_default_certs()
+
+    # Attempt to detect if we get the goofy behavior of the
+    # keyfile being encrypted and OpenSSL asking for the
+    # passphrase via the terminal and instead error out.
+    if keyfile and key_password is None and _is_key_file_encrypted(keyfile):
+        raise SSLError("Client private key is encrypted, password is required")
+
+    if certfile:
+        if key_password is None:
+            context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
+        else:
+            context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, key_password)
+
+    try:
+        if hasattr(context, "set_alpn_protocols"):
+            context.set_alpn_protocols(ALPN_PROTOCOLS)
+    except NotImplementedError:  # Defensive: in CI, we always have set_alpn_protocols
+        pass
+
+    # If we detect server_hostname is an IP address then the SNI
+    # extension should not be used according to RFC3546 Section 3.1
+    use_sni_hostname = server_hostname and not is_ipaddress(server_hostname)
+    # SecureTransport uses server_hostname in certificate verification.
+    send_sni = (use_sni_hostname and HAS_SNI) or (
+        IS_SECURETRANSPORT and server_hostname
+    )
+    # Do not warn the user if server_hostname is an invalid SNI hostname.
+    if not HAS_SNI and use_sni_hostname:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name "
+            "Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. "
+            "This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS "
+            "certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to "
+            "a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see "
+            "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
+            "#ssl-warnings",
+            SNIMissingWarning,
+        )
+
+    if send_sni:
+        ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
+            sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=server_hostname
+        )
+    else:
+        ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls)
+    return ssl_sock
+
+
+def is_ipaddress(hostname):
+    """Detects whether the hostname given is an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+    Also detects IPv6 addresses with Zone IDs.
+
+    :param str hostname: Hostname to examine.
+    :return: True if the hostname is an IP address, False otherwise.
+    """
+    if not six.PY2 and isinstance(hostname, bytes):
+        # IDN A-label bytes are ASCII compatible.
+        hostname = hostname.decode("ascii")
+    return bool(IPV4_RE.match(hostname) or BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(hostname))
+
+
+def _is_key_file_encrypted(key_file):
+    """Detects if a key file is encrypted or not."""
+    with open(key_file, "r") as f:
+        for line in f:
+            # Look for Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+            if "ENCRYPTED" in line:
+                return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, ssl_context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname=None):
+    if tls_in_tls:
+        if not SSLTransport:
+            # Import error, ssl is not available.
+            raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                "TLS in TLS requires support for the 'ssl' module"
+            )
+
+        SSLTransport._validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context)
+        return SSLTransport(sock, ssl_context, server_hostname)
+
+    if server_hostname:
+        return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+    else:
+        return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd950c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_match_hostname.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.3.3, essential when using SSL."""
+
+# Note: This file is under the PSF license as the code comes from the python
+# stdlib.   http://docs.python.org/3/license.html
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+# ipaddress has been backported to 2.6+ in pypi.  If it is installed on the
+# system, use it to handle IPAddress ServerAltnames (this was added in
+# python-3.5) otherwise only do DNS matching.  This allows
+# util.ssl_match_hostname to continue to be used in Python 2.7.
+try:
+    import ipaddress
+except ImportError:
+    ipaddress = None
+
+__version__ = "3.5.0.1"
+
+
+class CertificateError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+def _dnsname_match(dn, hostname, max_wildcards=1):
+    """Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
+
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
+    """
+    pats = []
+    if not dn:
+        return False
+
+    # Ported from python3-syntax:
+    # leftmost, *remainder = dn.split(r'.')
+    parts = dn.split(r".")
+    leftmost = parts[0]
+    remainder = parts[1:]
+
+    wildcards = leftmost.count("*")
+    if wildcards > max_wildcards:
+        # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
+        # than one wildcard per fragment.  A survey of established
+        # policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
+        # reasonable choice.
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn)
+        )
+
+    # speed up common case w/o wildcards
+    if not wildcards:
+        return dn.lower() == hostname.lower()
+
+    # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
+    # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
+    # the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
+    if leftmost == "*":
+        # When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
+        # fragment.
+        pats.append("[^.]+")
+    elif leftmost.startswith("xn--") or hostname.startswith("xn--"):
+        # RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
+        # The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
+        # where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
+        # U-label of an internationalized domain name.
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
+    else:
+        # Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
+        pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r"\*", "[^.]*"))
+
+    # add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
+    for frag in remainder:
+        pats.append(re.escape(frag))
+
+    pat = re.compile(r"\A" + r"\.".join(pats) + r"\Z", re.IGNORECASE)
+    return pat.match(hostname)
+
+
+def _to_unicode(obj):
+    if isinstance(obj, str) and sys.version_info < (3,):
+        # ignored flake8 # F821 to support python 2.7 function
+        obj = unicode(obj, encoding="ascii", errors="strict")  # noqa: F821
+    return obj
+
+
+def _ipaddress_match(ipname, host_ip):
+    """Exact matching of IP addresses.
+
+    RFC 6125 explicitly doesn't define an algorithm for this
+    (section 1.7.2 - "Out of Scope").
+    """
+    # OpenSSL may add a trailing newline to a subjectAltName's IP address
+    # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
+    ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(ipname).rstrip())
+    return ip == host_ip
+
+
+def match_hostname(cert, hostname):
+    """Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
+    SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*.  RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
+    rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
+
+    CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
+    returns nothing.
+    """
+    if not cert:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
+            "SSL socket or SSL context with either "
+            "CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED"
+        )
+    try:
+        # Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
+        host_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(_to_unicode(hostname))
+    except (UnicodeError, ValueError):
+        # ValueError: Not an IP address (common case)
+        # UnicodeError: Divergence from upstream: Have to deal with ipaddress not taking
+        # byte strings.  addresses should be all ascii, so we consider it not
+        # an ipaddress in this case
+        host_ip = None
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Divergence from upstream: Make ipaddress library optional
+        if ipaddress is None:
+            host_ip = None
+        else:  # Defensive
+            raise
+    dnsnames = []
+    san = cert.get("subjectAltName", ())
+    for key, value in san:
+        if key == "DNS":
+            if host_ip is None and _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                return
+            dnsnames.append(value)
+        elif key == "IP Address":
+            if host_ip is not None and _ipaddress_match(value, host_ip):
+                return
+            dnsnames.append(value)
+    if not dnsnames:
+        # The subject is only checked when there is no dNSName entry
+        # in subjectAltName
+        for sub in cert.get("subject", ()):
+            for key, value in sub:
+                # XXX according to RFC 2818, the most specific Common Name
+                # must be used.
+                if key == "commonName":
+                    if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
+                        return
+                    dnsnames.append(value)
+    if len(dnsnames) > 1:
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "hostname %r "
+            "doesn't match either of %s" % (hostname, ", ".join(map(repr, dnsnames)))
+        )
+    elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
+        raise CertificateError("hostname %r doesn't match %r" % (hostname, dnsnames[0]))
+    else:
+        raise CertificateError(
+            "no appropriate commonName or subjectAltName fields were found"
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7105d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssltransport.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import io
+import socket
+import ssl
+
+from ..exceptions import ProxySchemeUnsupported
+from ..packages import six
+
+SSL_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
+
+
+class SSLTransport:
+    """
+    The SSLTransport wraps an existing socket and establishes an SSL connection.
+
+    Contrary to Python's implementation of SSLSocket, it allows you to chain
+    multiple TLS connections together. It's particularly useful if you need to
+    implement TLS within TLS.
+
+    The class supports most of the socket API operations.
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context):
+        """
+        Raises a ProxySchemeUnsupported if the provided ssl_context can't be used
+        for TLS in TLS.
+
+        The only requirement is that the ssl_context provides the 'wrap_bio'
+        methods.
+        """
+
+        if not hasattr(ssl_context, "wrap_bio"):
+            if six.PY2:
+                raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                    "TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
+                    "supported on Python 2"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
+                    "TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
+                    "available on non-native SSLContext"
+                )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, socket, ssl_context, server_hostname=None, suppress_ragged_eofs=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Create an SSLTransport around socket using the provided ssl_context.
+        """
+        self.incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+        self.outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+        self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+        self.socket = socket
+
+        self.sslobj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            self.incoming, self.outgoing, server_hostname=server_hostname
+        )
+
+        # Perform initial handshake.
+        self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *_):
+        self.close()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def read(self, len=1024, buffer=None):
+        return self._wrap_ssl_read(len, buffer)
+
+    def recv(self, len=1024, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv")
+        return self._wrap_ssl_read(len)
+
+    def recv_into(self, buffer, nbytes=None, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv_into")
+        if buffer and (nbytes is None):
+            nbytes = len(buffer)
+        elif nbytes is None:
+            nbytes = 1024
+        return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
+
+    def sendall(self, data, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to sendall")
+        count = 0
+        with memoryview(data) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
+            amount = len(byte_view)
+            while count < amount:
+                v = self.send(byte_view[count:])
+                count += v
+
+    def send(self, data, flags=0):
+        if flags != 0:
+            raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to send")
+        response = self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.write, data)
+        return response
+
+    def makefile(
+        self, mode="r", buffering=None, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Python's httpclient uses makefile and buffered io when reading HTTP
+        messages and we need to support it.
+
+        This is unfortunately a copy and paste of socket.py makefile with small
+        changes to point to the socket directly.
+        """
+        if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)" % (mode,))
+
+        writing = "w" in mode
+        reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+        assert reading or writing
+        binary = "b" in mode
+        rawmode = ""
+        if reading:
+            rawmode += "r"
+        if writing:
+            rawmode += "w"
+        raw = socket.SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+        self.socket._io_refs += 1
+        if buffering is None:
+            buffering = -1
+        if buffering < 0:
+            buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        if buffering == 0:
+            if not binary:
+                raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+            return raw
+        if reading and writing:
+            buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+        elif reading:
+            buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+        else:
+            assert writing
+            buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+        if binary:
+            return buffer
+        text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+        text.mode = mode
+        return text
+
+    def unwrap(self):
+        self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.unwrap)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.socket.close()
+
+    def getpeercert(self, binary_form=False):
+        return self.sslobj.getpeercert(binary_form)
+
+    def version(self):
+        return self.sslobj.version()
+
+    def cipher(self):
+        return self.sslobj.cipher()
+
+    def selected_alpn_protocol(self):
+        return self.sslobj.selected_alpn_protocol()
+
+    def selected_npn_protocol(self):
+        return self.sslobj.selected_npn_protocol()
+
+    def shared_ciphers(self):
+        return self.sslobj.shared_ciphers()
+
+    def compression(self):
+        return self.sslobj.compression()
+
+    def settimeout(self, value):
+        self.socket.settimeout(value)
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return self.socket.gettimeout()
+
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        self.socket._decref_socketios()
+
+    def _wrap_ssl_read(self, len, buffer=None):
+        try:
+            return self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.read, len, buffer)
+        except ssl.SSLError as e:
+            if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF and self.suppress_ragged_eofs:
+                return 0  # eof, return 0.
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def _ssl_io_loop(self, func, *args):
+        """Performs an I/O loop between incoming/outgoing and the socket."""
+        should_loop = True
+        ret = None
+
+        while should_loop:
+            errno = None
+            try:
+                ret = func(*args)
+            except ssl.SSLError as e:
+                if e.errno not in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
+                    # WANT_READ, and WANT_WRITE are expected, others are not.
+                    raise e
+                errno = e.errno
+
+            buf = self.outgoing.read()
+            self.socket.sendall(buf)
+
+            if errno is None:
+                should_loop = False
+            elif errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+                buf = self.socket.recv(SSL_BLOCKSIZE)
+                if buf:
+                    self.incoming.write(buf)
+                else:
+                    self.incoming.write_eof()
+        return ret
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78e18a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/timeout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import time
+
+# The default socket timeout, used by httplib to indicate that no timeout was; specified by the user
+from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, getdefaulttimeout
+
+from ..exceptions import TimeoutStateError
+
+# A sentinel value to indicate that no timeout was specified by the user in
+# urllib3
+_Default = object()
+
+
+# Use time.monotonic if available.
+current_time = getattr(time, "monotonic", time.time)
+
+
+class Timeout(object):
+    """Timeout configuration.
+
+    Timeouts can be defined as a default for a pool:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       timeout = Timeout(connect=2.0, read=7.0)
+       http = PoolManager(timeout=timeout)
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/')
+
+    Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool):
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/', timeout=Timeout(10))
+
+    Timeouts can be disabled by setting all the parameters to ``None``:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+       no_timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None)
+       response = http.request('GET', 'http://example.com/, timeout=no_timeout)
+
+
+    :param total:
+        This combines the connect and read timeouts into one; the read timeout
+        will be set to the time leftover from the connect attempt. In the
+        event that both a connect timeout and a total are specified, or a read
+        timeout and a total are specified, the shorter timeout will be applied.
+
+        Defaults to None.
+
+    :type total: int, float, or None
+
+    :param connect:
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection
+        attempt to a server to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the
+        connect timeout to the system default, probably `the global default
+        timeout in socket.py
+        <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
+        None will set an infinite timeout for connection attempts.
+
+    :type connect: int, float, or None
+
+    :param read:
+        The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait between consecutive
+        read operations for a response from the server. Omitting the parameter
+        will default the read timeout to the system default, probably `the
+        global default timeout in socket.py
+        <http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
+        None will set an infinite timeout.
+
+    :type read: int, float, or None
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Many factors can affect the total amount of time for urllib3 to return
+        an HTTP response.
+
+        For example, Python's DNS resolver does not obey the timeout specified
+        on the socket. Other factors that can affect total request time include
+        high CPU load, high swap, the program running at a low priority level,
+        or other behaviors.
+
+        In addition, the read and total timeouts only measure the time between
+        read operations on the socket connecting the client and the server,
+        not the total amount of time for the request to return a complete
+        response. For most requests, the timeout is raised because the server
+        has not sent the first byte in the specified time. This is not always
+        the case; if a server streams one byte every fifteen seconds, a timeout
+        of 20 seconds will not trigger, even though the request will take
+        several minutes to complete.
+
+        If your goal is to cut off any request after a set amount of wall clock
+        time, consider having a second "watcher" thread to cut off a slow
+        request.
+    """
+
+    #: A sentinel object representing the default timeout value
+    DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+    def __init__(self, total=None, connect=_Default, read=_Default):
+        self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, "connect")
+        self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, "read")
+        self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, "total")
+        self._start_connect = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "%s(connect=%r, read=%r, total=%r)" % (
+            type(self).__name__,
+            self._connect,
+            self._read,
+            self.total,
+        )
+
+    # __str__ provided for backwards compatibility
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def resolve_default_timeout(cls, timeout):
+        return getdefaulttimeout() if timeout is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT else timeout
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate_timeout(cls, value, name):
+        """Check that a timeout attribute is valid.
+
+        :param value: The timeout value to validate
+        :param name: The name of the timeout attribute to validate. This is
+            used to specify in error messages.
+        :return: The validated and casted version of the given value.
+        :raises ValueError: If it is a numeric value less than or equal to
+            zero, or the type is not an integer, float, or None.
+        """
+        if value is _Default:
+            return cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+        if value is None or value is cls.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return value
+
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout cannot be a boolean value. It must "
+                "be an int, float or None."
+            )
+        try:
+            float(value)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
+
+        try:
+            if value <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
+                    "timeout cannot be set to a value less "
+                    "than or equal to 0." % (name, value)
+                )
+        except TypeError:
+            # Python 3
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
+                "int, float or None." % (name, value)
+            )
+
+        return value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_float(cls, timeout):
+        """Create a new Timeout from a legacy timeout value.
+
+        The timeout value used by httplib.py sets the same timeout on the
+        connect(), and recv() socket requests. This creates a :class:`Timeout`
+        object that sets the individual timeouts to the ``timeout`` value
+        passed to this function.
+
+        :param timeout: The legacy timeout value.
+        :type timeout: integer, float, sentinel default object, or None
+        :return: Timeout object
+        :rtype: :class:`Timeout`
+        """
+        return Timeout(read=timeout, connect=timeout)
+
+    def clone(self):
+        """Create a copy of the timeout object
+
+        Timeout properties are stored per-pool but each request needs a fresh
+        Timeout object to ensure each one has its own start/stop configured.
+
+        :return: a copy of the timeout object
+        :rtype: :class:`Timeout`
+        """
+        # We can't use copy.deepcopy because that will also create a new object
+        # for _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, which socket.py uses as a sentinel to
+        # detect the user default.
+        return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read, total=self.total)
+
+    def start_connect(self):
+        """Start the timeout clock, used during a connect() attempt
+
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
+            to start a timer that has been started already.
+        """
+        if self._start_connect is not None:
+            raise TimeoutStateError("Timeout timer has already been started.")
+        self._start_connect = current_time()
+        return self._start_connect
+
+    def get_connect_duration(self):
+        """Gets the time elapsed since the call to :meth:`start_connect`.
+
+        :return: Elapsed time in seconds.
+        :rtype: float
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
+            to get duration for a timer that hasn't been started.
+        """
+        if self._start_connect is None:
+            raise TimeoutStateError(
+                "Can't get connect duration for timer that has not started."
+            )
+        return current_time() - self._start_connect
+
+    @property
+    def connect_timeout(self):
+        """Get the value to use when setting a connection timeout.
+
+        This will be a positive float or integer, the value None
+        (never timeout), or the default system timeout.
+
+        :return: Connect timeout.
+        :rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
+        """
+        if self.total is None:
+            return self._connect
+
+        if self._connect is None or self._connect is self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return self.total
+
+        return min(self._connect, self.total)
+
+    @property
+    def read_timeout(self):
+        """Get the value for the read timeout.
+
+        This assumes some time has elapsed in the connection timeout and
+        computes the read timeout appropriately.
+
+        If self.total is set, the read timeout is dependent on the amount of
+        time taken by the connect timeout. If the connection time has not been
+        established, a :exc:`~urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError` will be
+        raised.
+
+        :return: Value to use for the read timeout.
+        :rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
+        :raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: If :meth:`start_connect`
+            has not yet been called on this object.
+        """
+        if (
+            self.total is not None
+            and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+            and self._read is not None
+            and self._read is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        ):
+            # In case the connect timeout has not yet been established.
+            if self._start_connect is None:
+                return self._read
+            return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(), self._read))
+        elif self.total is not None and self.total is not self.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            return max(0, self.total - self.get_connect_duration())
+        else:
+            return self._read
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a960b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/url.py
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import re
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from ..packages import six
+
+url_attrs = ["scheme", "auth", "host", "port", "path", "query", "fragment"]
+
+# We only want to normalize urls with an HTTP(S) scheme.
+# urllib3 infers URLs without a scheme (None) to be http.
+NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ("http", "https", None)
+
+# Almost all of these patterns were derived from the
+# 'rfc3986' module: https://github.com/python-hyper/rfc3986
+PERCENT_RE = re.compile(r"%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}")
+SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-]*:|/)")
+URI_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^(?:([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*):)?"
+    r"(?://([^\\/?#]*))?"
+    r"([^?#]*)"
+    r"(?:\?([^#]*))?"
+    r"(?:#(.*))?$",
+    re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL,
+)
+
+IPV4_PAT = r"(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
+HEX_PAT = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}"
+LS32_PAT = "(?:{hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=HEX_PAT, ipv4=IPV4_PAT)
+_subs = {"hex": HEX_PAT, "ls32": LS32_PAT}
+_variations = [
+    #                            6( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s",
+    #                       "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "::(?:%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s",
+    # [               h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"    h16 ":"   ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              ls32
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s",
+    # [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"              h16
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s",
+    # [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
+    "(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::",
+]
+
+UNRESERVED_PAT = r"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._\-~"
+IPV6_PAT = "(?:" + "|".join([x % _subs for x in _variations]) + ")"
+ZONE_ID_PAT = "(?:%25|%)(?:[" + UNRESERVED_PAT + "]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})+"
+IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT = r"\[" + IPV6_PAT + r"(?:" + ZONE_ID_PAT + r")?\]"
+REG_NAME_PAT = r"(?:[^\[\]%:/?#]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})*"
+TARGET_RE = re.compile(r"^(/[^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#.*)?$")
+
+IPV4_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV4_PAT + "$")
+IPV6_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_PAT + "$")
+IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT + "$")
+BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT[2:-2] + "$")
+ZONE_ID_RE = re.compile("(" + ZONE_ID_PAT + r")\]$")
+
+_HOST_PORT_PAT = ("^(%s|%s|%s)(?::0*?(|0|[1-9][0-9]{0,4}))?$") % (
+    REG_NAME_PAT,
+    IPV4_PAT,
+    IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT,
+)
+_HOST_PORT_RE = re.compile(_HOST_PORT_PAT, re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL)
+
+UNRESERVED_CHARS = set(
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._-~"
+)
+SUB_DELIM_CHARS = set("!$&'()*+,;=")
+USERINFO_CHARS = UNRESERVED_CHARS | SUB_DELIM_CHARS | {":"}
+PATH_CHARS = USERINFO_CHARS | {"@", "/"}
+QUERY_CHARS = FRAGMENT_CHARS = PATH_CHARS | {"?"}
+
+
+class Url(namedtuple("Url", url_attrs)):
+    """
+    Data structure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
+    :func:`parse_url`. Both the scheme and host are normalized as they are
+    both case-insensitive according to RFC 3986.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        scheme=None,
+        auth=None,
+        host=None,
+        port=None,
+        path=None,
+        query=None,
+        fragment=None,
+    ):
+        if path and not path.startswith("/"):
+            path = "/" + path
+        if scheme is not None:
+            scheme = scheme.lower()
+        return super(Url, cls).__new__(
+            cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self):
+        """For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def request_uri(self):
+        """Absolute path including the query string."""
+        uri = self.path or "/"
+
+        if self.query is not None:
+            uri += "?" + self.query
+
+        return uri
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self):
+        """Network location including host and port"""
+        if self.port:
+            return "%s:%d" % (self.host, self.port)
+        return self.host
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        """
+        Convert self into a url
+
+        This function should more or less round-trip with :func:`.parse_url`. The
+        returned url may not be exactly the same as the url inputted to
+        :func:`.parse_url`, but it should be equivalent by the RFC (e.g., urls
+        with a blank port will have : removed).
+
+        Example: ::
+
+            >>> U = parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
+            >>> U.url
+            'http://google.com/mail/'
+            >>> Url('http', 'username:password', 'host.com', 80,
+            ... '/path', 'query', 'fragment').url
+            'http://username:password@host.com:80/path?query#fragment'
+        """
+        scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = self
+        url = u""
+
+        # We use "is not None" we want things to happen with empty strings (or 0 port)
+        if scheme is not None:
+            url += scheme + u"://"
+        if auth is not None:
+            url += auth + u"@"
+        if host is not None:
+            url += host
+        if port is not None:
+            url += u":" + str(port)
+        if path is not None:
+            url += path
+        if query is not None:
+            url += u"?" + query
+        if fragment is not None:
+            url += u"#" + fragment
+
+        return url
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.url
+
+
+def split_first(s, delims):
+    """
+    .. deprecated:: 1.25
+
+    Given a string and an iterable of delimiters, split on the first found
+    delimiter. Return two split parts and the matched delimiter.
+
+    If not found, then the first part is the full input string.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '?/=')
+        ('foo', 'bar?baz', '/')
+        >>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '123')
+        ('foo/bar?baz', '', None)
+
+    Scales linearly with number of delims. Not ideal for large number of delims.
+    """
+    min_idx = None
+    min_delim = None
+    for d in delims:
+        idx = s.find(d)
+        if idx < 0:
+            continue
+
+        if min_idx is None or idx < min_idx:
+            min_idx = idx
+            min_delim = d
+
+    if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
+        return s, "", None
+
+    return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx + 1 :], min_delim
+
+
+def _encode_invalid_chars(component, allowed_chars, encoding="utf-8"):
+    """Percent-encodes a URI component without reapplying
+    onto an already percent-encoded component.
+    """
+    if component is None:
+        return component
+
+    component = six.ensure_text(component)
+
+    # Normalize existing percent-encoded bytes.
+    # Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
+    # so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
+    component, percent_encodings = PERCENT_RE.subn(
+        lambda match: match.group(0).upper(), component
+    )
+
+    uri_bytes = component.encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass")
+    is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
+    encoded_component = bytearray()
+
+    for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
+        # Will return a single character bytestring on both Python 2 & 3
+        byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
+        byte_ord = ord(byte)
+        if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
+            byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars
+        ):
+            encoded_component += byte
+            continue
+        encoded_component.extend(b"%" + (hex(byte_ord)[2:].encode().zfill(2).upper()))
+
+    return encoded_component.decode(encoding)
+
+
+def _remove_path_dot_segments(path):
+    # See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code
+    segments = path.split("/")  # Turn the path into a list of segments
+    output = []  # Initialize the variable to use to store output
+
+    for segment in segments:
+        # '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous
+        if segment == ".":
+            continue
+        # Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output
+        elif segment != "..":
+            output.append(segment)
+        # In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last
+        # element
+        elif output:
+            output.pop()
+
+    # If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string
+    # is non-empty
+    if path.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]):
+        output.insert(0, "")
+
+    # If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty
+    # string to add a trailing '/'
+    if path.endswith(("/.", "/..")):
+        output.append("")
+
+    return "/".join(output)
+
+
+def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
+    if host:
+        if isinstance(host, six.binary_type):
+            host = six.ensure_str(host)
+
+        if scheme in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES:
+            is_ipv6 = IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(host)
+            if is_ipv6:
+                # IPv6 hosts of the form 'a::b%zone' are encoded in a URL as
+                # such per RFC 6874: 'a::b%25zone'. Unquote the ZoneID
+                # separator as necessary to return a valid RFC 4007 scoped IP.
+                match = ZONE_ID_RE.search(host)
+                if match:
+                    start, end = match.span(1)
+                    zone_id = host[start:end]
+
+                    if zone_id.startswith("%25") and zone_id != "%25":
+                        zone_id = zone_id[3:]
+                    else:
+                        zone_id = zone_id[1:]
+                    zone_id = "%" + _encode_invalid_chars(zone_id, UNRESERVED_CHARS)
+                    return host[:start].lower() + zone_id + host[end:]
+                else:
+                    return host.lower()
+            elif not IPV4_RE.match(host):
+                return six.ensure_str(
+                    b".".join([_idna_encode(label) for label in host.split(".")])
+                )
+    return host
+
+
+def _idna_encode(name):
+    if name and any(ord(x) >= 128 for x in name):
+        try:
+            from pip._vendor import idna
+        except ImportError:
+            six.raise_from(
+                LocationParseError("Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module"),
+                None,
+            )
+        try:
+            return idna.encode(name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True)
+        except idna.IDNAError:
+            six.raise_from(
+                LocationParseError(u"Name '%s' is not a valid IDNA label" % name), None
+            )
+    return name.lower().encode("ascii")
+
+
+def _encode_target(target):
+    """Percent-encodes a request target so that there are no invalid characters"""
+    path, query = TARGET_RE.match(target).groups()
+    target = _encode_invalid_chars(path, PATH_CHARS)
+    query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, QUERY_CHARS)
+    if query is not None:
+        target += "?" + query
+    return target
+
+
+def parse_url(url):
+    """
+    Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
+    performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
+    This parser is RFC 3986 and RFC 6874 compliant.
+
+    The parser logic and helper functions are based heavily on
+    work done in the ``rfc3986`` module.
+
+    :param str url: URL to parse into a :class:`.Url` namedtuple.
+
+    Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urlparse`.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
+        Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/mail/', ...)
+        >>> parse_url('google.com:80')
+        Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
+        >>> parse_url('/foo?bar')
+        Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
+    """
+    if not url:
+        # Empty
+        return Url()
+
+    source_url = url
+    if not SCHEME_RE.search(url):
+        url = "//" + url
+
+    try:
+        scheme, authority, path, query, fragment = URI_RE.match(url).groups()
+        normalize_uri = scheme is None or scheme.lower() in NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES
+
+        if scheme:
+            scheme = scheme.lower()
+
+        if authority:
+            auth, _, host_port = authority.rpartition("@")
+            auth = auth or None
+            host, port = _HOST_PORT_RE.match(host_port).groups()
+            if auth and normalize_uri:
+                auth = _encode_invalid_chars(auth, USERINFO_CHARS)
+            if port == "":
+                port = None
+        else:
+            auth, host, port = None, None, None
+
+        if port is not None:
+            port = int(port)
+            if not (0 <= port <= 65535):
+                raise LocationParseError(url)
+
+        host = _normalize_host(host, scheme)
+
+        if normalize_uri and path:
+            path = _remove_path_dot_segments(path)
+            path = _encode_invalid_chars(path, PATH_CHARS)
+        if normalize_uri and query:
+            query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, QUERY_CHARS)
+        if normalize_uri and fragment:
+            fragment = _encode_invalid_chars(fragment, FRAGMENT_CHARS)
+
+    except (ValueError, AttributeError):
+        return six.raise_from(LocationParseError(source_url), None)
+
+    # For the sake of backwards compatibility we put empty
+    # string values for path if there are any defined values
+    # beyond the path in the URL.
+    # TODO: Remove this when we break backwards compatibility.
+    if not path:
+        if query is not None or fragment is not None:
+            path = ""
+        else:
+            path = None
+
+    # Ensure that each part of the URL is a `str` for
+    # backwards compatibility.
+    if isinstance(url, six.text_type):
+        ensure_func = six.ensure_text
+    else:
+        ensure_func = six.ensure_str
+
+    def ensure_type(x):
+        return x if x is None else ensure_func(x)
+
+    return Url(
+        scheme=ensure_type(scheme),
+        auth=ensure_type(auth),
+        host=ensure_type(host),
+        port=port,
+        path=ensure_type(path),
+        query=ensure_type(query),
+        fragment=ensure_type(fragment),
+    )
+
+
+def get_host(url):
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use :func:`parse_url` instead.
+    """
+    p = parse_url(url)
+    return p.scheme or "http", p.hostname, p.port
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21b4590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/wait.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import errno
+import select
+import sys
+from functools import partial
+
+try:
+    from time import monotonic
+except ImportError:
+    from time import time as monotonic
+
+__all__ = ["NoWayToWaitForSocketError", "wait_for_read", "wait_for_write"]
+
+
+class NoWayToWaitForSocketError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# How should we wait on sockets?
+#
+# There are two types of APIs you can use for waiting on sockets: the fancy
+# modern stateful APIs like epoll/kqueue, and the older stateless APIs like
+# select/poll. The stateful APIs are more efficient when you have a lots of
+# sockets to keep track of, because you can set them up once and then use them
+# lots of times. But we only ever want to wait on a single socket at a time
+# and don't want to keep track of state, so the stateless APIs are actually
+# more efficient. So we want to use select() or poll().
+#
+# Now, how do we choose between select() and poll()? On traditional Unixes,
+# select() has a strange calling convention that makes it slow, or fail
+# altogether, for high-numbered file descriptors. The point of poll() is to fix
+# that, so on Unixes, we prefer poll().
+#
+# On Windows, there is no poll() (or at least Python doesn't provide a wrapper
+# for it), but that's OK, because on Windows, select() doesn't have this
+# strange calling convention; plain select() works fine.
+#
+# So: on Windows we use select(), and everywhere else we use poll(). We also
+# fall back to select() in case poll() is somehow broken or missing.
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 5):
+    # Modern Python, that retries syscalls by default
+    def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
+        return fn(timeout)
+
+else:
+    # Old and broken Pythons.
+    def _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout):
+        if timeout is None:
+            deadline = float("inf")
+        else:
+            deadline = monotonic() + timeout
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return fn(timeout)
+            # OSError for 3 <= pyver < 3.5, select.error for pyver <= 2.7
+            except (OSError, select.error) as e:
+                # 'e.args[0]' incantation works for both OSError and select.error
+                if e.args[0] != errno.EINTR:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    timeout = deadline - monotonic()
+                    if timeout < 0:
+                        timeout = 0
+                    if timeout == float("inf"):
+                        timeout = None
+                    continue
+
+
+def select_wait_for_socket(sock, read=False, write=False, timeout=None):
+    if not read and not write:
+        raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
+    rcheck = []
+    wcheck = []
+    if read:
+        rcheck.append(sock)
+    if write:
+        wcheck.append(sock)
+    # When doing a non-blocking connect, most systems signal success by
+    # marking the socket writable. Windows, though, signals success by marked
+    # it as "exceptional". We paper over the difference by checking the write
+    # sockets for both conditions. (The stdlib selectors module does the same
+    # thing.)
+    fn = partial(select.select, rcheck, wcheck, wcheck)
+    rready, wready, xready = _retry_on_intr(fn, timeout)
+    return bool(rready or wready or xready)
+
+
+def poll_wait_for_socket(sock, read=False, write=False, timeout=None):
+    if not read and not write:
+        raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
+    mask = 0
+    if read:
+        mask |= select.POLLIN
+    if write:
+        mask |= select.POLLOUT
+    poll_obj = select.poll()
+    poll_obj.register(sock, mask)
+
+    # For some reason, poll() takes timeout in milliseconds
+    def do_poll(t):
+        if t is not None:
+            t *= 1000
+        return poll_obj.poll(t)
+
+    return bool(_retry_on_intr(do_poll, timeout))
+
+
+def null_wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs):
+    raise NoWayToWaitForSocketError("no select-equivalent available")
+
+
+def _have_working_poll():
+    # Apparently some systems have a select.poll that fails as soon as you try
+    # to use it, either due to strange configuration or broken monkeypatching
+    # from libraries like eventlet/greenlet.
+    try:
+        poll_obj = select.poll()
+        _retry_on_intr(poll_obj.poll, 0)
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs):
+    # We delay choosing which implementation to use until the first time we're
+    # called. We could do it at import time, but then we might make the wrong
+    # decision if someone goes wild with monkeypatching select.poll after
+    # we're imported.
+    global wait_for_socket
+    if _have_working_poll():
+        wait_for_socket = poll_wait_for_socket
+    elif hasattr(select, "select"):
+        wait_for_socket = select_wait_for_socket
+    else:  # Platform-specific: Appengine.
+        wait_for_socket = null_wait_for_socket
+    return wait_for_socket(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def wait_for_read(sock, timeout=None):
+    """Waits for reading to be available on a given socket.
+    Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
+    """
+    return wait_for_socket(sock, read=True, timeout=timeout)
+
+
+def wait_for_write(sock, timeout=None):
+    """Waits for writing to be available on a given socket.
+    Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
+    """
+    return wait_for_socket(sock, write=True, timeout=timeout)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5554c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/vendor.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+CacheControl==0.13.1  # Make sure to update the license in pyproject.toml for this.
+colorama==0.4.6
+distlib==0.3.8
+distro==1.8.0
+msgpack==1.0.5
+packaging==21.3
+platformdirs==3.8.1
+pyparsing==3.1.0
+pyproject-hooks==1.0.0
+requests==2.31.0
+    certifi==2023.7.22
+    chardet==5.1.0
+    idna==3.4
+    urllib3==1.26.17
+rich==13.4.2
+    pygments==2.15.1
+    typing_extensions==4.7.1
+resolvelib==1.0.1
+setuptools==68.0.0
+six==1.16.0
+tenacity==8.2.2
+tomli==2.0.1
+truststore==0.8.0
+webencodings==0.5.1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d21d697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+
+    webencodings
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    This is a Python implementation of the `WHATWG Encoding standard
+    <http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/>`. See README for details.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+
+from .labels import LABELS
+
+
+VERSION = '0.5.1'
+
+
+# Some names in Encoding are not valid Python aliases. Remap these.
+PYTHON_NAMES = {
+    'iso-8859-8-i': 'iso-8859-8',
+    'x-mac-cyrillic': 'mac-cyrillic',
+    'macintosh': 'mac-roman',
+    'windows-874': 'cp874'}
+
+CACHE = {}
+
+
+def ascii_lower(string):
+    r"""Transform (only) ASCII letters to lower case: A-Z is mapped to a-z.
+
+    :param string: An Unicode string.
+    :returns: A new Unicode string.
+
+    This is used for `ASCII case-insensitive
+    <http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#ascii-case-insensitive>`_
+    matching of encoding labels.
+    The same matching is also used, among other things,
+    for `CSS keywords <http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-values/#keywords>`_.
+
+    This is different from the :meth:`~py:str.lower` method of Unicode strings
+    which also affect non-ASCII characters,
+    sometimes mapping them into the ASCII range:
+
+        >>> keyword = u'Bac\N{KELVIN SIGN}ground'
+        >>> assert keyword.lower() == u'background'
+        >>> assert ascii_lower(keyword) != keyword.lower()
+        >>> assert ascii_lower(keyword) == u'bac\N{KELVIN SIGN}ground'
+
+    """
+    # This turns out to be faster than unicode.translate()
+    return string.encode('utf8').lower().decode('utf8')
+
+
+def lookup(label):
+    """
+    Look for an encoding by its label.
+    This is the spec’s `get an encoding
+    <http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-encoding-get>`_ algorithm.
+    Supported labels are listed there.
+
+    :param label: A string.
+    :returns:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object, or :obj:`None` for an unknown label.
+
+    """
+    # Only strip ASCII whitespace: U+0009, U+000A, U+000C, U+000D, and U+0020.
+    label = ascii_lower(label.strip('\t\n\f\r '))
+    name = LABELS.get(label)
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+    encoding = CACHE.get(name)
+    if encoding is None:
+        if name == 'x-user-defined':
+            from .x_user_defined import codec_info
+        else:
+            python_name = PYTHON_NAMES.get(name, name)
+            # Any python_name value that gets to here should be valid.
+            codec_info = codecs.lookup(python_name)
+        encoding = Encoding(name, codec_info)
+        CACHE[name] = encoding
+    return encoding
+
+
+def _get_encoding(encoding_or_label):
+    """
+    Accept either an encoding object or label.
+
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :returns: An :class:`Encoding` object.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown label.
+
+    """
+    if hasattr(encoding_or_label, 'codec_info'):
+        return encoding_or_label
+
+    encoding = lookup(encoding_or_label)
+    if encoding is None:
+        raise LookupError('Unknown encoding label: %r' % encoding_or_label)
+    return encoding
+
+
+class Encoding(object):
+    """Reresents a character encoding such as UTF-8,
+    that can be used for decoding or encoding.
+
+    .. attribute:: name
+
+        Canonical name of the encoding
+
+    .. attribute:: codec_info
+
+        The actual implementation of the encoding,
+        a stdlib :class:`~codecs.CodecInfo` object.
+        See :func:`codecs.register`.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, codec_info):
+        self.name = name
+        self.codec_info = codec_info
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Encoding %s>' % self.name
+
+
+#: The UTF-8 encoding. Should be used for new content and formats.
+UTF8 = lookup('utf-8')
+
+_UTF16LE = lookup('utf-16le')
+_UTF16BE = lookup('utf-16be')
+
+
+def decode(input, fallback_encoding, errors='replace'):
+    """
+    Decode a single string.
+
+    :param input: A byte string
+    :param fallback_encoding:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+        The encoding to use if :obj:`input` does note have a BOM.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :return:
+        A ``(output, encoding)`` tuple of an Unicode string
+        and an :obj:`Encoding`.
+
+    """
+    # Fail early if `encoding` is an invalid label.
+    fallback_encoding = _get_encoding(fallback_encoding)
+    bom_encoding, input = _detect_bom(input)
+    encoding = bom_encoding or fallback_encoding
+    return encoding.codec_info.decode(input, errors)[0], encoding
+
+
+def _detect_bom(input):
+    """Return (bom_encoding, input), with any BOM removed from the input."""
+    if input.startswith(b'\xFF\xFE'):
+        return _UTF16LE, input[2:]
+    if input.startswith(b'\xFE\xFF'):
+        return _UTF16BE, input[2:]
+    if input.startswith(b'\xEF\xBB\xBF'):
+        return UTF8, input[3:]
+    return None, input
+
+
+def encode(input, encoding=UTF8, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    Encode a single string.
+
+    :param input: An Unicode string.
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :return: A byte string.
+
+    """
+    return _get_encoding(encoding).codec_info.encode(input, errors)[0]
+
+
+def iter_decode(input, fallback_encoding, errors='replace'):
+    """
+    "Pull"-based decoder.
+
+    :param input:
+        An iterable of byte strings.
+
+        The input is first consumed just enough to determine the encoding
+        based on the precense of a BOM,
+        then consumed on demand when the return value is.
+    :param fallback_encoding:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+        The encoding to use if :obj:`input` does note have a BOM.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :returns:
+        An ``(output, encoding)`` tuple.
+        :obj:`output` is an iterable of Unicode strings,
+        :obj:`encoding` is the :obj:`Encoding` that is being used.
+
+    """
+
+    decoder = IncrementalDecoder(fallback_encoding, errors)
+    generator = _iter_decode_generator(input, decoder)
+    encoding = next(generator)
+    return generator, encoding
+
+
+def _iter_decode_generator(input, decoder):
+    """Return a generator that first yields the :obj:`Encoding`,
+    then yields output chukns as Unicode strings.
+
+    """
+    decode = decoder.decode
+    input = iter(input)
+    for chunck in input:
+        output = decode(chunck)
+        if output:
+            assert decoder.encoding is not None
+            yield decoder.encoding
+            yield output
+            break
+    else:
+        # Input exhausted without determining the encoding
+        output = decode(b'', final=True)
+        assert decoder.encoding is not None
+        yield decoder.encoding
+        if output:
+            yield output
+        return
+
+    for chunck in input:
+        output = decode(chunck)
+        if output:
+            yield output
+    output = decode(b'', final=True)
+    if output:
+        yield output
+
+
+def iter_encode(input, encoding=UTF8, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    “Pull”-based encoder.
+
+    :param input: An iterable of Unicode strings.
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+    :returns: An iterable of byte strings.
+
+    """
+    # Fail early if `encoding` is an invalid label.
+    encode = IncrementalEncoder(encoding, errors).encode
+    return _iter_encode_generator(input, encode)
+
+
+def _iter_encode_generator(input, encode):
+    for chunck in input:
+        output = encode(chunck)
+        if output:
+            yield output
+    output = encode('', final=True)
+    if output:
+        yield output
+
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(object):
+    """
+    “Push”-based decoder.
+
+    :param fallback_encoding:
+        An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+        The encoding to use if :obj:`input` does note have a BOM.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, fallback_encoding, errors='replace'):
+        # Fail early if `encoding` is an invalid label.
+        self._fallback_encoding = _get_encoding(fallback_encoding)
+        self._errors = errors
+        self._buffer = b''
+        self._decoder = None
+        #: The actual :class:`Encoding` that is being used,
+        #: or :obj:`None` if that is not determined yet.
+        #: (Ie. if there is not enough input yet to determine
+        #: if there is a BOM.)
+        self.encoding = None  # Not known yet.
+
+    def decode(self, input, final=False):
+        """Decode one chunk of the input.
+
+        :param input: A byte string.
+        :param final:
+            Indicate that no more input is available.
+            Must be :obj:`True` if this is the last call.
+        :returns: An Unicode string.
+
+        """
+        decoder = self._decoder
+        if decoder is not None:
+            return decoder(input, final)
+
+        input = self._buffer + input
+        encoding, input = _detect_bom(input)
+        if encoding is None:
+            if len(input) < 3 and not final:  # Not enough data yet.
+                self._buffer = input
+                return ''
+            else:  # No BOM
+                encoding = self._fallback_encoding
+        decoder = encoding.codec_info.incrementaldecoder(self._errors).decode
+        self._decoder = decoder
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        return decoder(input, final)
+
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(object):
+    """
+    “Push”-based encoder.
+
+    :param encoding: An :class:`Encoding` object or a label string.
+    :param errors: Type of error handling. See :func:`codecs.register`.
+    :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.LookupError` for an unknown encoding label.
+
+    .. method:: encode(input, final=False)
+
+        :param input: An Unicode string.
+        :param final:
+            Indicate that no more input is available.
+            Must be :obj:`True` if this is the last call.
+        :returns: A byte string.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, encoding=UTF8, errors='strict'):
+        encoding = _get_encoding(encoding)
+        self.encode = encoding.codec_info.incrementalencoder(errors).encode
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/labels.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/labels.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29cbf91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/labels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""
+
+    webencodings.labels
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Map encoding labels to their name.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+# XXX Do not edit!
+# This file is automatically generated by mklabels.py
+
+LABELS = {
+    'unicode-1-1-utf-8':   'utf-8',
+    'utf-8':               'utf-8',
+    'utf8':                'utf-8',
+    '866':                 'ibm866',
+    'cp866':               'ibm866',
+    'csibm866':            'ibm866',
+    'ibm866':              'ibm866',
+    'csisolatin2':         'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso-8859-2':          'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso-ir-101':          'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso8859-2':           'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso88592':            'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso_8859-2':          'iso-8859-2',
+    'iso_8859-2:1987':     'iso-8859-2',
+    'l2':                  'iso-8859-2',
+    'latin2':              'iso-8859-2',
+    'csisolatin3':         'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso-8859-3':          'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso-ir-109':          'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso8859-3':           'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso88593':            'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso_8859-3':          'iso-8859-3',
+    'iso_8859-3:1988':     'iso-8859-3',
+    'l3':                  'iso-8859-3',
+    'latin3':              'iso-8859-3',
+    'csisolatin4':         'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso-8859-4':          'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso-ir-110':          'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso8859-4':           'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso88594':            'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso_8859-4':          'iso-8859-4',
+    'iso_8859-4:1988':     'iso-8859-4',
+    'l4':                  'iso-8859-4',
+    'latin4':              'iso-8859-4',
+    'csisolatincyrillic':  'iso-8859-5',
+    'cyrillic':            'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso-8859-5':          'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso-ir-144':          'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso8859-5':           'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso88595':            'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso_8859-5':          'iso-8859-5',
+    'iso_8859-5:1988':     'iso-8859-5',
+    'arabic':              'iso-8859-6',
+    'asmo-708':            'iso-8859-6',
+    'csiso88596e':         'iso-8859-6',
+    'csiso88596i':         'iso-8859-6',
+    'csisolatinarabic':    'iso-8859-6',
+    'ecma-114':            'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-8859-6':          'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-8859-6-e':        'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-8859-6-i':        'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso-ir-127':          'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso8859-6':           'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso88596':            'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso_8859-6':          'iso-8859-6',
+    'iso_8859-6:1987':     'iso-8859-6',
+    'csisolatingreek':     'iso-8859-7',
+    'ecma-118':            'iso-8859-7',
+    'elot_928':            'iso-8859-7',
+    'greek':               'iso-8859-7',
+    'greek8':              'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso-8859-7':          'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso-ir-126':          'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso8859-7':           'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso88597':            'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso_8859-7':          'iso-8859-7',
+    'iso_8859-7:1987':     'iso-8859-7',
+    'sun_eu_greek':        'iso-8859-7',
+    'csiso88598e':         'iso-8859-8',
+    'csisolatinhebrew':    'iso-8859-8',
+    'hebrew':              'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso-8859-8':          'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso-8859-8-e':        'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso-ir-138':          'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso8859-8':           'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso88598':            'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso_8859-8':          'iso-8859-8',
+    'iso_8859-8:1988':     'iso-8859-8',
+    'visual':              'iso-8859-8',
+    'csiso88598i':         'iso-8859-8-i',
+    'iso-8859-8-i':        'iso-8859-8-i',
+    'logical':             'iso-8859-8-i',
+    'csisolatin6':         'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso-8859-10':         'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso-ir-157':          'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso8859-10':          'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso885910':           'iso-8859-10',
+    'l6':                  'iso-8859-10',
+    'latin6':              'iso-8859-10',
+    'iso-8859-13':         'iso-8859-13',
+    'iso8859-13':          'iso-8859-13',
+    'iso885913':           'iso-8859-13',
+    'iso-8859-14':         'iso-8859-14',
+    'iso8859-14':          'iso-8859-14',
+    'iso885914':           'iso-8859-14',
+    'csisolatin9':         'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso-8859-15':         'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso8859-15':          'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso885915':           'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso_8859-15':         'iso-8859-15',
+    'l9':                  'iso-8859-15',
+    'iso-8859-16':         'iso-8859-16',
+    'cskoi8r':             'koi8-r',
+    'koi':                 'koi8-r',
+    'koi8':                'koi8-r',
+    'koi8-r':              'koi8-r',
+    'koi8_r':              'koi8-r',
+    'koi8-u':              'koi8-u',
+    'csmacintosh':         'macintosh',
+    'mac':                 'macintosh',
+    'macintosh':           'macintosh',
+    'x-mac-roman':         'macintosh',
+    'dos-874':             'windows-874',
+    'iso-8859-11':         'windows-874',
+    'iso8859-11':          'windows-874',
+    'iso885911':           'windows-874',
+    'tis-620':             'windows-874',
+    'windows-874':         'windows-874',
+    'cp1250':              'windows-1250',
+    'windows-1250':        'windows-1250',
+    'x-cp1250':            'windows-1250',
+    'cp1251':              'windows-1251',
+    'windows-1251':        'windows-1251',
+    'x-cp1251':            'windows-1251',
+    'ansi_x3.4-1968':      'windows-1252',
+    'ascii':               'windows-1252',
+    'cp1252':              'windows-1252',
+    'cp819':               'windows-1252',
+    'csisolatin1':         'windows-1252',
+    'ibm819':              'windows-1252',
+    'iso-8859-1':          'windows-1252',
+    'iso-ir-100':          'windows-1252',
+    'iso8859-1':           'windows-1252',
+    'iso88591':            'windows-1252',
+    'iso_8859-1':          'windows-1252',
+    'iso_8859-1:1987':     'windows-1252',
+    'l1':                  'windows-1252',
+    'latin1':              'windows-1252',
+    'us-ascii':            'windows-1252',
+    'windows-1252':        'windows-1252',
+    'x-cp1252':            'windows-1252',
+    'cp1253':              'windows-1253',
+    'windows-1253':        'windows-1253',
+    'x-cp1253':            'windows-1253',
+    'cp1254':              'windows-1254',
+    'csisolatin5':         'windows-1254',
+    'iso-8859-9':          'windows-1254',
+    'iso-ir-148':          'windows-1254',
+    'iso8859-9':           'windows-1254',
+    'iso88599':            'windows-1254',
+    'iso_8859-9':          'windows-1254',
+    'iso_8859-9:1989':     'windows-1254',
+    'l5':                  'windows-1254',
+    'latin5':              'windows-1254',
+    'windows-1254':        'windows-1254',
+    'x-cp1254':            'windows-1254',
+    'cp1255':              'windows-1255',
+    'windows-1255':        'windows-1255',
+    'x-cp1255':            'windows-1255',
+    'cp1256':              'windows-1256',
+    'windows-1256':        'windows-1256',
+    'x-cp1256':            'windows-1256',
+    'cp1257':              'windows-1257',
+    'windows-1257':        'windows-1257',
+    'x-cp1257':            'windows-1257',
+    'cp1258':              'windows-1258',
+    'windows-1258':        'windows-1258',
+    'x-cp1258':            'windows-1258',
+    'x-mac-cyrillic':      'x-mac-cyrillic',
+    'x-mac-ukrainian':     'x-mac-cyrillic',
+    'chinese':             'gbk',
+    'csgb2312':            'gbk',
+    'csiso58gb231280':     'gbk',
+    'gb2312':              'gbk',
+    'gb_2312':             'gbk',
+    'gb_2312-80':          'gbk',
+    'gbk':                 'gbk',
+    'iso-ir-58':           'gbk',
+    'x-gbk':               'gbk',
+    'gb18030':             'gb18030',
+    'hz-gb-2312':          'hz-gb-2312',
+    'big5':                'big5',
+    'big5-hkscs':          'big5',
+    'cn-big5':             'big5',
+    'csbig5':              'big5',
+    'x-x-big5':            'big5',
+    'cseucpkdfmtjapanese': 'euc-jp',
+    'euc-jp':              'euc-jp',
+    'x-euc-jp':            'euc-jp',
+    'csiso2022jp':         'iso-2022-jp',
+    'iso-2022-jp':         'iso-2022-jp',
+    'csshiftjis':          'shift_jis',
+    'ms_kanji':            'shift_jis',
+    'shift-jis':           'shift_jis',
+    'shift_jis':           'shift_jis',
+    'sjis':                'shift_jis',
+    'windows-31j':         'shift_jis',
+    'x-sjis':              'shift_jis',
+    'cseuckr':             'euc-kr',
+    'csksc56011987':       'euc-kr',
+    'euc-kr':              'euc-kr',
+    'iso-ir-149':          'euc-kr',
+    'korean':              'euc-kr',
+    'ks_c_5601-1987':      'euc-kr',
+    'ks_c_5601-1989':      'euc-kr',
+    'ksc5601':             'euc-kr',
+    'ksc_5601':            'euc-kr',
+    'windows-949':         'euc-kr',
+    'csiso2022kr':         'iso-2022-kr',
+    'iso-2022-kr':         'iso-2022-kr',
+    'utf-16be':            'utf-16be',
+    'utf-16':              'utf-16le',
+    'utf-16le':            'utf-16le',
+    'x-user-defined':      'x-user-defined',
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/mklabels.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/mklabels.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..295dc92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/mklabels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""
+
+    webencodings.mklabels
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Regenarate the webencodings.labels module.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+import json
+try:
+    from urllib import urlopen
+except ImportError:
+    from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+
+def assert_lower(string):
+    assert string == string.lower()
+    return string
+
+
+def generate(url):
+    parts = ['''\
+"""
+
+    webencodings.labels
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Map encoding labels to their name.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+# XXX Do not edit!
+# This file is automatically generated by mklabels.py
+
+LABELS = {
+''']
+    labels = [
+        (repr(assert_lower(label)).lstrip('u'),
+         repr(encoding['name']).lstrip('u'))
+        for category in json.loads(urlopen(url).read().decode('ascii'))
+        for encoding in category['encodings']
+        for label in encoding['labels']]
+    max_len = max(len(label) for label, name in labels)
+    parts.extend(
+        '    %s:%s %s,\n' % (label, ' ' * (max_len - len(label)), name)
+        for label, name in labels)
+    parts.append('}')
+    return ''.join(parts)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print(generate('http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/encodings.json'))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/tests.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e12c10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+
+    webencodings.tests
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A basic test suite for Encoding.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from . import (lookup, LABELS, decode, encode, iter_decode, iter_encode,
+               IncrementalDecoder, IncrementalEncoder, UTF8)
+
+
+def assert_raises(exception, function, *args, **kwargs):
+    try:
+        function(*args, **kwargs)
+    except exception:
+        return
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise AssertionError('Did not raise %s.' % exception)
+
+
+def test_labels():
+    assert lookup('utf-8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('Utf-8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('UTF-8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('utf8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('utf8').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('utf8 ').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup(' \r\nutf8\t').name == 'utf-8'
+    assert lookup('u8') is None  # Python label.
+    assert lookup('utf-8 ') is None  # Non-ASCII white space.
+
+    assert lookup('US-ASCII').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('iso-8859-1').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('latin1').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('LATIN1').name == 'windows-1252'
+    assert lookup('latin-1') is None
+    assert lookup('LATİN1') is None  # ASCII-only case insensitivity.
+
+
+def test_all_labels():
+    for label in LABELS:
+        assert decode(b'', label) == ('', lookup(label))
+        assert encode('', label) == b''
+        for repeat in [0, 1, 12]:
+            output, _ = iter_decode([b''] * repeat, label)
+            assert list(output) == []
+            assert list(iter_encode([''] * repeat, label)) == []
+        decoder = IncrementalDecoder(label)
+        assert decoder.decode(b'') == ''
+        assert decoder.decode(b'', final=True) == ''
+        encoder = IncrementalEncoder(label)
+        assert encoder.encode('') == b''
+        assert encoder.encode('', final=True) == b''
+    # All encoding names are valid labels too:
+    for name in set(LABELS.values()):
+        assert lookup(name).name == name
+
+
+def test_invalid_label():
+    assert_raises(LookupError, decode, b'\xEF\xBB\xBF\xc3\xa9', 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, encode, 'é', 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, iter_decode, [], 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, iter_encode, [], 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, IncrementalDecoder, 'invalid')
+    assert_raises(LookupError, IncrementalEncoder, 'invalid')
+
+
+def test_decode():
+    assert decode(b'\x80', 'latin1') == ('€', lookup('latin1'))
+    assert decode(b'\x80', lookup('latin1')) == ('€', lookup('latin1'))
+    assert decode(b'\xc3\xa9', 'utf8') == ('é', lookup('utf8'))
+    assert decode(b'\xc3\xa9', UTF8) == ('é', lookup('utf8'))
+    assert decode(b'\xc3\xa9', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('ascii'))
+    assert decode(b'\xEF\xBB\xBF\xc3\xa9', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('utf8'))  # UTF-8 with BOM
+
+    assert decode(b'\xFE\xFF\x00\xe9', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('utf-16be'))  # UTF-16-BE with BOM
+    assert decode(b'\xFF\xFE\xe9\x00', 'ascii') == ('é', lookup('utf-16le'))  # UTF-16-LE with BOM
+    assert decode(b'\xFE\xFF\xe9\x00', 'ascii') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16be'))
+    assert decode(b'\xFF\xFE\x00\xe9', 'ascii') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16le'))
+
+    assert decode(b'\x00\xe9', 'UTF-16BE') == ('é', lookup('utf-16be'))
+    assert decode(b'\xe9\x00', 'UTF-16LE') == ('é', lookup('utf-16le'))
+    assert decode(b'\xe9\x00', 'UTF-16') == ('é', lookup('utf-16le'))
+
+    assert decode(b'\xe9\x00', 'UTF-16BE') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16be'))
+    assert decode(b'\x00\xe9', 'UTF-16LE') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16le'))
+    assert decode(b'\x00\xe9', 'UTF-16') == ('\ue900', lookup('utf-16le'))
+
+
+def test_encode():
+    assert encode('é', 'latin1') == b'\xe9'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf8') == b'\xc3\xa9'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf8') == b'\xc3\xa9'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf-16') == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf-16le') == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert encode('é', 'utf-16be') == b'\x00\xe9'
+
+
+def test_iter_decode():
+    def iter_decode_to_string(input, fallback_encoding):
+        output, _encoding = iter_decode(input, fallback_encoding)
+        return ''.join(output)
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([], 'latin1') == ''
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b''], 'latin1') == ''
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xe9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'hello'], 'latin1') == 'hello'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'he', b'llo'], 'latin1') == 'hello'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'hell', b'o'], 'latin1') == 'hello'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xc3\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xEF\xBB\xBF\xc3\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'\xEF\xBB\xBF', b'\xc3', b'\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'\xEF\xBB\xBF', b'a', b'\xc3'], 'latin1') == 'a\uFFFD'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'', b'\xEF', b'', b'', b'\xBB\xBF\xc3', b'\xa9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xEF\xBB\xBF'], 'latin1') == ''
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xEF\xBB'], 'latin1') == 'ï»'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xFE\xFF\x00\xe9'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([b'\xFF\xFE\xe9\x00'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'', b'\xFF', b'', b'', b'\xFE\xe9', b'\x00'], 'latin1') == 'é'
+    assert iter_decode_to_string([
+        b'', b'h\xe9', b'llo'], 'x-user-defined') == 'h\uF7E9llo'
+
+
+def test_iter_encode():
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode([], 'latin1')) == b''
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode([''], 'latin1')) == b''
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['é'], 'latin1')) == b'\xe9'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'latin1')) == b'\xe9'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'utf-16')) == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'utf-16le')) == b'\xe9\x00'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode(['', 'é', '', ''], 'utf-16be')) == b'\x00\xe9'
+    assert b''.join(iter_encode([
+        '', 'h\uF7E9', '', 'llo'], 'x-user-defined')) == b'h\xe9llo'
+
+
+def test_x_user_defined():
+    encoded = b'2,\x0c\x0b\x1aO\xd9#\xcb\x0f\xc9\xbbt\xcf\xa8\xca'
+    decoded = '2,\x0c\x0b\x1aO\uf7d9#\uf7cb\x0f\uf7c9\uf7bbt\uf7cf\uf7a8\uf7ca'
+    encoded = b'aa'
+    decoded = 'aa'
+    assert decode(encoded, 'x-user-defined') == (decoded, lookup('x-user-defined'))
+    assert encode(decoded, 'x-user-defined') == encoded
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/x_user_defined.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/x_user_defined.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16e326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/webencodings/x_user_defined.py
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+
+    webencodings.x_user_defined
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    An implementation of the x-user-defined encoding.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2012 by Simon Sapin
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+
+
+### Codec APIs
+
+class Codec(codecs.Codec):
+
+    def encode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+        return codecs.charmap_encode(input, errors, encoding_table)
+
+    def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
+        return codecs.charmap_decode(input, errors, decoding_table)
+
+
+class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.IncrementalEncoder):
+    def encode(self, input, final=False):
+        return codecs.charmap_encode(input, self.errors, encoding_table)[0]
+
+
+class IncrementalDecoder(codecs.IncrementalDecoder):
+    def decode(self, input, final=False):
+        return codecs.charmap_decode(input, self.errors, decoding_table)[0]
+
+
+class StreamWriter(Codec, codecs.StreamWriter):
+    pass
+
+
+class StreamReader(Codec, codecs.StreamReader):
+    pass
+
+
+### encodings module API
+
+codec_info = codecs.CodecInfo(
+    name='x-user-defined',
+    encode=Codec().encode,
+    decode=Codec().decode,
+    incrementalencoder=IncrementalEncoder,
+    incrementaldecoder=IncrementalDecoder,
+    streamreader=StreamReader,
+    streamwriter=StreamWriter,
+)
+
+
+### Decoding Table
+
+# Python 3:
+# for c in range(256): print('    %r' % chr(c if c < 128 else c + 0xF700))
+decoding_table = (
+    '\x00'
+    '\x01'
+    '\x02'
+    '\x03'
+    '\x04'
+    '\x05'
+    '\x06'
+    '\x07'
+    '\x08'
+    '\t'
+    '\n'
+    '\x0b'
+    '\x0c'
+    '\r'
+    '\x0e'
+    '\x0f'
+    '\x10'
+    '\x11'
+    '\x12'
+    '\x13'
+    '\x14'
+    '\x15'
+    '\x16'
+    '\x17'
+    '\x18'
+    '\x19'
+    '\x1a'
+    '\x1b'
+    '\x1c'
+    '\x1d'
+    '\x1e'
+    '\x1f'
+    ' '
+    '!'
+    '"'
+    '#'
+    '$'
+    '%'
+    '&'
+    "'"
+    '('
+    ')'
+    '*'
+    '+'
+    ','
+    '-'
+    '.'
+    '/'
+    '0'
+    '1'
+    '2'
+    '3'
+    '4'
+    '5'
+    '6'
+    '7'
+    '8'
+    '9'
+    ':'
+    ';'
+    '<'
+    '='
+    '>'
+    '?'
+    '@'
+    'A'
+    'B'
+    'C'
+    'D'
+    'E'
+    'F'
+    'G'
+    'H'
+    'I'
+    'J'
+    'K'
+    'L'
+    'M'
+    'N'
+    'O'
+    'P'
+    'Q'
+    'R'
+    'S'
+    'T'
+    'U'
+    'V'
+    'W'
+    'X'
+    'Y'
+    'Z'
+    '['
+    '\\'
+    ']'
+    '^'
+    '_'
+    '`'
+    'a'
+    'b'
+    'c'
+    'd'
+    'e'
+    'f'
+    'g'
+    'h'
+    'i'
+    'j'
+    'k'
+    'l'
+    'm'
+    'n'
+    'o'
+    'p'
+    'q'
+    'r'
+    's'
+    't'
+    'u'
+    'v'
+    'w'
+    'x'
+    'y'
+    'z'
+    '{'
+    '|'
+    '}'
+    '~'
+    '\x7f'
+    '\uf780'
+    '\uf781'
+    '\uf782'
+    '\uf783'
+    '\uf784'
+    '\uf785'
+    '\uf786'
+    '\uf787'
+    '\uf788'
+    '\uf789'
+    '\uf78a'
+    '\uf78b'
+    '\uf78c'
+    '\uf78d'
+    '\uf78e'
+    '\uf78f'
+    '\uf790'
+    '\uf791'
+    '\uf792'
+    '\uf793'
+    '\uf794'
+    '\uf795'
+    '\uf796'
+    '\uf797'
+    '\uf798'
+    '\uf799'
+    '\uf79a'
+    '\uf79b'
+    '\uf79c'
+    '\uf79d'
+    '\uf79e'
+    '\uf79f'
+    '\uf7a0'
+    '\uf7a1'
+    '\uf7a2'
+    '\uf7a3'
+    '\uf7a4'
+    '\uf7a5'
+    '\uf7a6'
+    '\uf7a7'
+    '\uf7a8'
+    '\uf7a9'
+    '\uf7aa'
+    '\uf7ab'
+    '\uf7ac'
+    '\uf7ad'
+    '\uf7ae'
+    '\uf7af'
+    '\uf7b0'
+    '\uf7b1'
+    '\uf7b2'
+    '\uf7b3'
+    '\uf7b4'
+    '\uf7b5'
+    '\uf7b6'
+    '\uf7b7'
+    '\uf7b8'
+    '\uf7b9'
+    '\uf7ba'
+    '\uf7bb'
+    '\uf7bc'
+    '\uf7bd'
+    '\uf7be'
+    '\uf7bf'
+    '\uf7c0'
+    '\uf7c1'
+    '\uf7c2'
+    '\uf7c3'
+    '\uf7c4'
+    '\uf7c5'
+    '\uf7c6'
+    '\uf7c7'
+    '\uf7c8'
+    '\uf7c9'
+    '\uf7ca'
+    '\uf7cb'
+    '\uf7cc'
+    '\uf7cd'
+    '\uf7ce'
+    '\uf7cf'
+    '\uf7d0'
+    '\uf7d1'
+    '\uf7d2'
+    '\uf7d3'
+    '\uf7d4'
+    '\uf7d5'
+    '\uf7d6'
+    '\uf7d7'
+    '\uf7d8'
+    '\uf7d9'
+    '\uf7da'
+    '\uf7db'
+    '\uf7dc'
+    '\uf7dd'
+    '\uf7de'
+    '\uf7df'
+    '\uf7e0'
+    '\uf7e1'
+    '\uf7e2'
+    '\uf7e3'
+    '\uf7e4'
+    '\uf7e5'
+    '\uf7e6'
+    '\uf7e7'
+    '\uf7e8'
+    '\uf7e9'
+    '\uf7ea'
+    '\uf7eb'
+    '\uf7ec'
+    '\uf7ed'
+    '\uf7ee'
+    '\uf7ef'
+    '\uf7f0'
+    '\uf7f1'
+    '\uf7f2'
+    '\uf7f3'
+    '\uf7f4'
+    '\uf7f5'
+    '\uf7f6'
+    '\uf7f7'
+    '\uf7f8'
+    '\uf7f9'
+    '\uf7fa'
+    '\uf7fb'
+    '\uf7fc'
+    '\uf7fd'
+    '\uf7fe'
+    '\uf7ff'
+)
+
+### Encoding table
+encoding_table = codecs.charmap_build(decoding_table)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..493b53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pip is a command line program. While it is implemented in Python, and so is
+available for import, you must not use pip's internal APIs in this way. Typing
+information is provided as a convenience only and is not a guarantee. Expect
+unannounced changes to the API and types in releases.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44d82dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,1294 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: pydantic
+Version: 2.13.4
+Summary: Data validation using Python type hints
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://docs.pydantic.dev
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/changelog/
+Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Eric Jolibois <em.jolibois@gmail.com>, Hasan Ramezani <hasan.r67@gmail.com>, Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, Terrence Dorsey <terry@pydantic.dev>, David Montague <david@pydantic.dev>, Serge Matveenko <lig@countzero.co>, Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>, Sydney Runkle <sydneymarierunkle@gmail.com>, David Hewitt <mail@davidhewitt.dev>, Alex Hall <alex.mojaki@gmail.com>, Victorien Plot <contact@vctrn.dev>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Framework :: Hypothesis
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Requires-Dist: annotated-types>=0.6.0
+Requires-Dist: pydantic-core==2.46.4
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.14.1
+Requires-Dist: typing-inspection>=0.4.2
+Provides-Extra: email
+Requires-Dist: email-validator>=2.0.0; extra == 'email'
+Provides-Extra: timezone
+Requires-Dist: tzdata; (python_version >= '3.9' and platform_system == 'Windows') and extra == 'timezone'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Pydantic Validation
+
+[![CI](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pydantic/pydantic/ci.yml?branch=main&logo=github&label=CI)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
+[![Coverage](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/pydantic/pydantic.svg)](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/pydantic/pydantic)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pydantic.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pydantic)
+[![CondaForge](https://img.shields.io/conda/v/conda-forge/pydantic.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/pydantic)
+[![downloads](https://static.pepy.tech/badge/pydantic/month)](https://pepy.tech/project/pydantic)
+[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pydantic.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/pydantic/pydantic.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![Pydantic v2](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pydantic/pydantic/main/docs/badge/v2.json)](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/contributing/#badges)
+[![llms.txt](https://img.shields.io/badge/llms.txt-green)](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/llms.txt)
+
+Data validation using Python type hints.
+
+Fast and extensible, Pydantic plays nicely with your linters/IDE/brain.
+Define how data should be in pure, canonical Python 3.9+; validate it with Pydantic.
+
+## Pydantic Logfire :fire:
+
+We've launched Pydantic Logfire to help you monitor your applications.
+[Learn more](https://pydantic.dev/logfire/?utm_source=pydantic_validation)
+
+## Pydantic V1.10 vs. V2
+
+Pydantic V2 is a ground-up rewrite that offers many new features, performance improvements, and some breaking changes compared to Pydantic V1.
+
+If you're using Pydantic V1 you may want to look at the
+[pydantic V1.10 Documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) or,
+[`1.10.X-fixes` git branch](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/tree/1.10.X-fixes). Pydantic V2 also ships with the latest version of Pydantic V1 built in so that you can incrementally upgrade your code base and projects: `from pydantic import v1 as pydantic_v1`.
+
+## Help
+
+See [documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) for more details.
+
+## Installation
+
+Install using `pip install -U pydantic` or `conda install pydantic -c conda-forge`.
+For more installation options to make Pydantic even faster,
+see the [Install](https://docs.pydantic.dev/install/) section in the documentation.
+
+## A Simple Example
+
+```python
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    name: str = 'John Doe'
+    signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None
+    friends: list[int] = []
+
+external_data = {'id': '123', 'signup_ts': '2017-06-01 12:22', 'friends': [1, '2', b'3']}
+user = User(**external_data)
+print(user)
+#> User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3]
+print(user.id)
+#> 123
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+For guidance on setting up a development environment and how to make a
+contribution to Pydantic, see
+[Contributing to Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/contributing/).
+
+## Reporting a Security Vulnerability
+
+See our [security policy](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/security/policy).
+
+## Changelog
+
+<!-- markdownlint-disable no-bare-urls -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable descriptive-link-text -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line first-line-heading -->
+
+## v2.13.4 (2026-05-06)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.4)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump libc from 0.2.155 to 0.2.185 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13109](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13109)
+* Adapt `pydantic-core` linker flags on macOS by [@washingtoneg](https://github.com/washingtoneg) and [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13147](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13147)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Preserve `RootModel` core metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13129](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13129)
+
+## v2.13.3 (2026-04-20)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Handle `AttributeError` subclasses with `from_attributes` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13096](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13096)
+
+## v2.13.2 (2026-04-17)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `ValidationInfo.field_name` missing with `model_validate_json()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13084](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13084)
+
+## v2.13.1 (2026-04-15)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `ValidationInfo.data` missing with `model_validate_json()` by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#13079](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13079)
+
+## v2.13.0 (2026-04-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0)
+
+The highlights of the v2.13 release are available in the [blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-13-release).
+Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our [versioning policy](https://pydantic.dev/docs/validation/2.13/get-started/version-policy/#pydantic-v2))
+are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.
+
+This release contains the updated `pydantic.v1` namespace, matching version 1.10.26 which includes support for Python 3.14.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+See the beta releases for all changes sinces 2.12.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Allow default factories of private attributes to take validated model data by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13013](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13013)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Warn when serializing fixed length tuples with too few items by [@arvindsaripalli](https://github.com/arvindsaripalli) in [#13016](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13016)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Change type of `Any` when synthesizing `_build_sources` for  `BaseSettings.__init__()` signature in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13049](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13049)
+* Fix model equality when using runtime `extra` configuration by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13062](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13062)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Add zizmor for GitHub Actions workflow linting by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13039](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13039)
+* Update jiter to v0.14.0 to fix a segmentation fault on musl Linux by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#13064](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13064)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@arvindsaripalli](https://github.com/arvindsaripalli) made their first contribution in [#13016](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/13016)
+
+## v2.13.0b3 (2026-03-31)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0b3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `ascii_only` option to `StringConstraints` by [@ai-man-codes](https://github.com/ai-man-codes) in [#12907](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12907)
+* Support `exclude_if` in computed fields by [@andresliszt](https://github.com/andresliszt) in [#12748](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12748)
+* Push down constraints in unions involving `MISSING` sentinel by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12908](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12908)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Track extra fields set after init in `model_fields_set` by [@navalprakhar](https://github.com/navalprakhar) in [#12817](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12817)
+* Do not include annotations that are not part of named tuple fields by [@galuszkak](https://github.com/galuszkak) in [#12951](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12951)
+* No longer fall back to trying all union members when the variant selected by discriminator fails to serialize by [@navalprakhar](https://github.com/navalprakhar) in [#12825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12825)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Support discriminator metadata outside union type alias by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12785](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12785)
+* Respect `extras_schema` when only `extra_fields_behavior` is set on the config in JSON Schema generation for typed dictionaries by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12810](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12810)
+* Ensure `__pydantic_private__` is set in `model_construct()` with user-defined `model_post_init()` by [@nightcityblade](https://github.com/nightcityblade) in [#12816](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12816)
+* Handle all schema generation errors in `InstanceOf` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12705](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12705)
+* Allow dynamic models created with `create_model()` to be used as annotations in the Mypy plugin by [@Br1an67](https://github.com/Br1an67) in [#12879](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12879)
+* Check for `PlaceholderNode` in Mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12929](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12929)
+* Try other branches in smart union in case of omit errors by [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) in [#12758](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12758)
+* Patch unset attributes with `MISSING` during model serialization with `exclude_unset` by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12905](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12905)
+* Ensure custom `__init__()` is called when using `model_validate_strings()` by [@siewcapital](https://github.com/siewcapital) in [#12897](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12897)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Add riscv64 build target for manylinux by [@boosterl](https://github.com/boosterl) in [#12723](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12723)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@kelsonbrito50](https://github.com/kelsonbrito50) made their first contribution in [#12860](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12860)
+* [@boosterl](https://github.com/boosterl) made their first contribution in [#12723](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12723)
+* [@adityagiri3600](https://github.com/adityagiri3600) made their first contribution in [#12868](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12868)
+* [@navalprakhar](https://github.com/navalprakhar) made their first contribution in [#12817](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12817)
+* [@Br1an67](https://github.com/Br1an67) made their first contribution in [#12879](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12879)
+* [@rmorshea](https://github.com/rmorshea) made their first contribution in [#12910](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12910)
+* [@N3XT3R1337](https://github.com/N3XT3R1337) made their first contribution in [#12922](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12922)
+* [@ai-man-codes](https://github.com/ai-man-codes) made their first contribution in [#12907](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12907)
+* [@Yume05-dev](https://github.com/Yume05-dev) made their first contribution in [#12953](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12953)
+* [@galuszkak](https://github.com/galuszkak) made their first contribution in [#12951](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12951)
+* [@siewcapital](https://github.com/siewcapital) made their first contribution in [#12897](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12897)
+
+## v2.13.0b2 (2026-02-24)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0b2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix backported V1 namespace by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12855](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12855)
+* Allow any type form to be used in `validate_as()` by [@bledden](https://github.com/bledden) in [#12846](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12846)
+* Fix walrus operator precedence in `UrlConstraints.__get_pydantic_core_schema__()` by [@bysiber](https://github.com/bysiber) in [#12826](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12826)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@bledden](https://github.com/bledden) made their first contribution in [#12846](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12846)
+* [@bysiber](https://github.com/bysiber) made their first contribution in [#12827](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12827)
+
+## v2.13.0b1 (2026-02-23)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.13.0b1)
+
+This is the first beta release of the 2.13 version, mainly providing bug fixes and performance improvements
+for validation and serialization.
+
+Notable changes include:
+
+* Add a new `polymorphic_serialization` option, solving issues with `serialize_as_any` introduced in 2.12.
+* Latest V1.10.26 release under the `pydantic.v1` namespace. This version includes support for Python 3.14.
+* The [`pydantic-core`](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/) repository was merged inside the main `pydantic` one.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `polymorphic_serialization` option by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12518](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12518)
+* Support Root models with `Literal` root types as discriminator field types by [@YassinNouh21](https://github.com/YassinNouh21) in [#12680](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12680)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Migrate `pydantic-core` CI by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12752](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12752)
+* Import `pydantic-core` into pydantic by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12481](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12481)
+* Backport V1 changes up to v1.10.26 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12663](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12663)
+* Use the `complex()` constructor unconditionally when validating `complex` Python data by [@tanmaymunjal](https://github.com/tanmaymunjal) in [#12498](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12498)
+* Add support for three-tuple input for `Decimal` by [@tanmaymunjal](https://github.com/tanmaymunjal) in [#12500](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12500)
+* Align `@field_serializer` logic with `@field_validator` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12577](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12577)
+* Make `PydanticUserError` a `RuntimeError` instead of a `TypeError` by [@poliakovva](https://github.com/poliakovva) in [#12579](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12579)
+* Remove redundant serialization attempts in nested unions by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12604](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12604)
+* Copy `root` value when making root model shallow copies by [@YassinNouh21](https://github.com/YassinNouh21) in [#12679](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12679)
+* Ensure deterministic JSON schema defaults by sorting sets by [@drshvik](https://github.com/drshvik) in [#12760](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12760)
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Refactor `DecoratorInfos.build()` implementation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12536](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12536)
+* Cache compiled regex in `pydantic-core` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12549](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12549)
+* Optimize creation of `Literal` validators by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12569](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12569)
+* Optimize implementation of `LookupKey` by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12571](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12571)
+* Use python strings for field names by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12631](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12631)
+* Optimize datetime formatting code by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12626](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12626)
+* Validate JSON model data by iteration by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12550](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12550)
+* Optimize annotations evaluation of Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12681](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12681)
+* Optimize `FieldInfo._copy()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12727)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `FieldInfo` rebuilding when parameterizing generic models with an `Annotated` type by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12463](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12463)
+* Fix nested model schema deduplication in JSON schema generation by [@marwan-alloreview](https://github.com/marwan-alloreview) in [#12494](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12494)
+* Fix `InitVar` being ignored when using with the `pydantic.Field()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12495](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12495)
+* Fix support for enums with `NamedTuple` as values by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12506](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12506)
+* Do not delete mock validator/serializer in `rebuild_dataclass()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12513](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12513)
+* Require test suite to pass with free threading, switch back to global generic types cache by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12537](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12537)
+* Refactor `__pydantic_extra__` annotation handling by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12563](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12563)
+* Do not add claim of UUID "safety" provision by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12567](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12567)
+* Use Python hash to perform lookup in tagged union serializer by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12594](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12594)
+* Do not emit serialization warning `MISSING` sentinel is present in a nested model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12635](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12635)
+* Do not eagerly evaluate annotations in signature logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12660](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12660)
+* Fix serialization of typed dict unions when `exclude_none` is set by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12677](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12677)
+* Do not reuse prebuilt serializers/validators on rebuilds by [@lmmx](https://github.com/lmmx) in [#12689](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12689)
+* Fix type annotation of `field_definitions` in `create_model()` by [@lehmann-hqs](https://github.com/lehmann-hqs) in [#12734](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12734)
+* Fix incorrect dataclass constructor signature when overriding class `kw_only` with `Field()` by [@jfadia](https://github.com/jfadia) in [#12741](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12741)
+* Use `typing.Union` when replacing types under Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12733](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12733)
+* Improve ImportString error when internal imports fail by [@tsembp](https://github.com/tsembp) in [#12740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12740)
+* Fix serializing complex numbers with negative zero imaginary part by [@lhnwrk](https://github.com/lhnwrk) in [#12770](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12770)
+* Preserve custom docstrings on stdlib dataclasses in JSON schema by [@nightcityblade](https://github.com/nightcityblade) in [#12815](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12815)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump Rust url dependency from 2.5.4 to 2.5.7 in `pydantic-core` by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot)[bot] in [#12508](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12508)
+* Bump Rust minimum version to 1.88, use edition 2024 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) and [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12551](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12551) and [#12752](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12752)
+* Bump PyO3 to 0.28, jiter to 0.13 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#12767](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12767)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@marwan-alloreview](https://github.com/marwan-alloreview) made their first contribution in [#12494](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12494)
+* [@tanmaymunjal](https://github.com/tanmaymunjal) made their first contribution in [#12498](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12498)
+* [@poliakovva](https://github.com/poliakovva) made their first contribution in [#12579](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12579)
+* [@lehmann-hqs](https://github.com/lehmann-hqs) made their first contribution in [#12734](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12734)
+* [@jfadia](https://github.com/jfadia) made their first contribution in [#12741](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12741)
+* [@tsembp](https://github.com/tsembp) made their first contribution in [#12740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12740)
+* [@drshvik](https://github.com/drshvik) made their first contribution in [#12760](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12760)
+* [@lhnwrk](https://github.com/lhnwrk) made their first contribution in [#12770](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12770)
+* [@nightcityblade](https://github.com/nightcityblade) made their first contribution in [#12815](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12811)
+
+## v2.12.5 (2025-11-26)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.5)
+
+This is the fifth 2.12 patch release, addressing an issue with the `MISSING` sentinel and providing several documentation improvements.
+
+The next 2.13 minor release will be published in a couple weeks, and will include a new *polymorphic serialization* feature addressing
+the remaining unexpected changes to the *serialize as any* behavior.
+
+* Fix pickle error when using `model_construct()` on a model with `MISSING` as a default value by [@ornariece](https://github.com/ornariece) in [#12522](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12522).
+* Several updates to the documentation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos).
+
+## v2.12.4 (2025-11-05)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.4)
+
+This is the fourth 2.12 patch release, fixing more regressions, and reverting a change in the `build()` method
+of the [`AnyUrl` and Dsn types](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/).
+
+This patch release also fixes an issue with the serialization of IP address types, when `serialize_as_any` is used. The next patch release
+will try to address the remaining issues with *serialize as any* behavior by introducing a new *polymorphic serialization* feature, that
+should be used in most cases in place of *serialize as any*.
+
+* Fix issue with forward references in parent `TypedDict` classes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12427](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12427).
+
+    This issue is only relevant on Python 3.14 and greater.
+
+* Exclude fields with `exclude_if` from JSON Schema required fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12430](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12430)
+* Revert URL percent-encoding of credentials in the `build()` method
+  of the [`AnyUrl` and Dsn types](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/) by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in
+  [pydantic-core#1833](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1833).
+
+    This was initially considered as a bugfix, but caused regressions and as such was fully reverted. The next release will include
+    an opt-in option to percent-encode components of the URL.
+
+* Add type inference for IP address types by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1868](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1868).
+
+    The 2.12 changes to the `serialize_as_any` behavior made it so that IP address types could not properly serialize to JSON.
+
+* Avoid getting default values from defaultdict by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1853](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1853).
+
+    This fixes a subtle regression in the validation behavior of the [`collections.defaultdict`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict)
+    type.
+
+* Fix issue with field serializers on nested typed dictionaries by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1879](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1879).
+* Add more `pydantic-core` builds for the three-threaded version of Python 3.14 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1864](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1864).
+
+## v2.12.3 (2025-10-17)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+This is the third 2.12 patch release, fixing issues related to the `FieldInfo` class, and reverting a change to the supported
+[*after* model validator](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#model-validators) function signatures.
+
+* Raise a warning when an invalid after model validator function signature is raised by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12414](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12414).
+  Starting in 2.12.0, using class methods for *after* model validators raised an error, but the error wasn't raised concistently. We decided
+  to emit a deprecation warning instead.
+* Add [`FieldInfo.asdict()`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/fields/#pydantic.fields.FieldInfo.asdict) method, improve documentation around `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12411](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12411).
+  This also add back support for mutations on `FieldInfo` classes, that are reused as `Annotated` metadata. **However**, note that this is still
+  *not* a supported pattern. Instead, please refer to the [added example](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/examples/dynamic_models/) in the documentation.
+
+The [blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-12-release#changes) section on changes was also updated to document the changes related to `serialize_as_any`.
+
+## v2.12.2 (2025-10-14)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Release a new `pydantic-core` version, as a corrupted CPython 3.10 `manylinux2014_aarch64` wheel got uploaded ([pydantic-core#1843](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1843)).
+* Fix issue with recursive generic models with a parent model class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12398](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12398)
+
+## v2.12.1 (2025-10-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+This is the first 2.12 patch release, addressing most (but not all yet) regressions from the initial 2.12.0 release.
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Do not evaluate annotations when inspecting validators and serializers by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12355](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12355)
+* Make sure `None` is converted as `NoneType` in Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12370](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12370)
+* Backport V1 runtime warning when using Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12367](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12367)
+* Fix error message for invalid validator signatures by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12366](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12366)
+* Populate field name in `ValidationInfo` for validation of default value by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [pydantic-core#1826](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1826)
+* Encode credentials in `MultiHostUrl` builder by [@willswire](https://github.com/willswire) in [pydantic-core#1829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1829)
+* Respect field serializers when using `serialize_as_any` serialization flag by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1829)
+* Fix various `RootModel` serialization issues by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1836](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1836)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@willswire](https://github.com/willswire) made their first contribution in [pydantic-core#1829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1829)
+
+## v2.12.0 (2025-10-07)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.0)
+
+This is the final 2.12 release. It features the work of 20 external contributors and provides useful new features, along with initial Python 3.14 support.
+Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our [versioning policy](https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.12/version-policy/#pydantic-v2))
+are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.
+
+**Note that Pydantic V1 is not compatible with Python 3.14 and greater**.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+See the beta releases for all changes sinces 2.11.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `extra` parameter to the validate functions by [@anvilpete](https://github.com/anvilpete) in [#12233](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12233)
+* Add `exclude_computed_fields` serialization option by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12334](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12334)
+* Add `preverse_empty_path` URL options by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12336](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12336)
+* Add `union_format` parameter to JSON Schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12147](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12147)
+* Add `__qualname__` parameter for `create_model` by [@Atry](https://github.com/Atry) in [#12001](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12001)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Do not try to infer name from lambda definitions in pipelines API by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12289](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12289)
+* Use proper namespace for functions in `TypeAdapter` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12324)
+* Use `Any` for context type annotation in `TypeAdapter` by [@inducer](https://github.com/inducer) in [#12279](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12279)
+* Expose `FieldInfo` in `pydantic.fields.__all__` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12339](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12339)
+* Respect `validation_alias` in `@validate_call` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12340](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12340)
+* Use `Any` as context annotation in plugin API by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12341](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12341)
+* Use proper `stacklevel` in warnings when possible by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12342](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12342)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Update V1 copy to v1.10.24 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12338](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12338)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@anvilpete](https://github.com/anvilpete) made their first contribution in [#12233](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12233)
+* [@JonathanWindell](https://github.com/JonathanWindell) made their first contribution in [#12327](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12327)
+* [@inducer](https://github.com/inducer) made their first contribution in [#12279](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12279)
+* [@Atry](https://github.com/Atry) made their first contribution in [#12001](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12001)
+
+## v2.12.0b1 (2025-10-03)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.0b1)
+
+This is the first beta release of the upcoming 2.12 release.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add support for `exclude_if` at the field level by [@andresliszt](https://github.com/andresliszt) in [#12141](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12141)
+* Add `ValidateAs` annotation helper by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11942](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11942)
+* Add configuration options for validation and JSON serialization of temporal types by [@ollz272](https://github.com/ollz272) in [#12068](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12068)
+* Add support for PEP 728 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12179](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12179)
+* Add field name in serialization error by [@NicolasPllr1](https://github.com/NicolasPllr1) in [pydantic-core#1799](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1799)
+* Add option to preserve empty URL paths by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1789)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Raise error if an incompatible `pydantic-core` version is installed by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12196](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12196)
+* Remove runtime warning for experimental features by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12265](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12265)
+* Warn if registering virtual subclasses on Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11669](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11669)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `__getattr__()` behavior on Pydantic models when a property raised an `AttributeError` and extra values are present by [@raspuchin](https://github.com/raspuchin) in [#12106](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12106)
+* Add test to prevent regression with Pydantic models used as annotated metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12133](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12133)
+* Allow to use property setters on Pydantic dataclasses with `validate_assignment` set by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12173](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12173)
+* Fix mypy v2 plugin for upcoming mypy release by [@cdce8p](https://github.com/cdce8p) in [#12209](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12209)
+* Respect custom title in functions JSON Schema by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11892](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11892)
+* Fix `ImportString` JSON serialization for objects with a `name` attribute by [@chr1sj0nes](https://github.com/chr1sj0nes) in [#12219](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12219)
+* Do not error on fields overridden by methods in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12290](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12290)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.40.1 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12314](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12314)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@raspuchin](https://github.com/raspuchin) made their first contribution in [#12106](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12106)
+* [@chr1sj0nes](https://github.com/chr1sj0nes) made their first contribution in [#12219](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12219)
+
+## v2.12.0a1 (2025-07-26)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.12.0a1)
+
+This is the first alpha release of the upcoming 2.12 release, which adds initial support for Python 3.14.
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `__pydantic_on_complete__()` hook that is called once model is fully ready to be used by [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) in [#11762](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11762)
+* Add initial support for Python 3.14 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11991](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11991)
+* Add regex patterns to JSON schema for `Decimal` type by [@Dima-Bulavenko](https://github.com/Dima-Bulavenko) in [#11987](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11987)
+* Add support for `doc` attribute on dataclass fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12077)
+* Add experimental `MISSING` sentinel by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11883](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11883)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Allow config and bases to be specified together in `create_model()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11714](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11714)
+* Move some field logic out of the `GenerateSchema` class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11733](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11733)
+* Always make use of `inspect.getsourcelines()` for docstring extraction on Python 3.13 and greater by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11829](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11829)
+* Only support the latest Mypy version by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11832](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11832)
+* Do not implicitly convert after model validators to class methods by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11957](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11957)
+* Refactor `FieldInfo` creation implementation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11898](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11898)
+* Make `Secret` covariant by [@bluenote10](https://github.com/bluenote10) in [#12008](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12008)
+* Emit warning when field-specific metadata is used in invalid contexts by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12028](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12028)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Properly fetch plain serializer function when serializing default value in JSON Schema by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11721](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11721)
+* Remove generics cache workaround by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11755](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11755)
+* Remove coercion of decimal constraints by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11772](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11772)
+* Fix crash when expanding root type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11735](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11735)
+* Only mark model as complete once all fields are complete by [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) in [#11759](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11759)
+* Do not provide `field_name` in validator core schemas by [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) in [#11761](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11761)
+* Fix issue with recursive generic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11775](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11775)
+* Fix qualified name comparison of private attributes during namespace inspection by [@karta9821](https://github.com/karta9821) in [#11803](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11803)
+* Make sure Pydantic dataclasses with slots and `validate_assignment` can be unpickled by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11769](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11769)
+* Traverse `function-before` schemas during schema gathering by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11801](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11801)
+* Fix check for stdlib dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11822](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11822)
+* Check if `FieldInfo` is complete after applying type variable map by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11855](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11855)
+* Do not delete mock validator/serializer in `model_rebuild()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11890](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11890)
+* Rebuild dataclass fields before schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11949](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11949)
+* Always store the original field assignment on `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11946](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11946)
+* Do not use deprecated methods as default field values by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11914](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11914)
+* Allow callable discriminator to be applied on PEP 695 type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11941](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11941)
+* Suppress core schema generation warning when using `SkipValidation` by [@ygsh0816](https://github.com/ygsh0816) in [#12002](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12002)
+* Do not emit typechecking error for invalid `Field()` default with `validate_default` set to `True` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11988](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11988)
+* Refactor logic to support Pydantic's `Field()` function in dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12051](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12051)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Update project metadata to use PEP 639 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11694](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11694)
+* Bump `mkdocs-llmstxt` to v0.2.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11725)
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.35.1 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11963](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11963)
+* Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 10 to 11 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot)[bot] in [#12033](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12033)
+* Bump astral-sh/setup-uv from 5 to 6 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot)[bot] in [#11826](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11826)
+* Update mypy to 1.17.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#12076](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12076)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@parth-paradkar](https://github.com/parth-paradkar) made their first contribution in [#11695](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11695)
+* [@dqkqd](https://github.com/dqkqd) made their first contribution in [#11739](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11739)
+* [@fhightower](https://github.com/fhightower) made their first contribution in [#11722](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11722)
+* [@gbaian10](https://github.com/gbaian10) made their first contribution in [#11766](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11766)
+* [@DouweM](https://github.com/DouweM) made their first contribution in [#11759](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11759)
+* [@bowenliang123](https://github.com/bowenliang123) made their first contribution in [#11719](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11719)
+* [@rawwar](https://github.com/rawwar) made their first contribution in [#11799](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11799)
+* [@karta9821](https://github.com/karta9821) made their first contribution in [#11803](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11803)
+* [@jinnovation](https://github.com/jinnovation) made their first contribution in [#11834](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11834)
+* [@zmievsa](https://github.com/zmievsa) made their first contribution in [#11861](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11861)
+* [@Otto-AA](https://github.com/Otto-AA) made their first contribution in [#11860](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11860)
+* [@ygsh0816](https://github.com/ygsh0816) made their first contribution in [#12002](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12002)
+* [@lukland](https://github.com/lukland) made their first contribution in [#12015](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12015)
+* [@Dima-Bulavenko](https://github.com/Dima-Bulavenko) made their first contribution in [#11987](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11987)
+* [@GSemikozov](https://github.com/GSemikozov) made their first contribution in [#12050](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12050)
+* [@hannah-heywa](https://github.com/hannah-heywa) made their first contribution in [#12082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12082)
+
+## v2.11.10 (2025-10-04)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.10)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Backport v1.10.24 changes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos)
+
+## v2.11.9 (2025-09-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.9)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Backport v1.10.23 changes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos)
+
+## v2.11.8 (2025-09-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.8)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix mypy plugin for mypy 1.18 by [@cdce8p](https://github.com/cdce8p) in [#12209](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/12209)
+
+## v2.11.7 (2025-06-14)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.7)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Copy `FieldInfo` instance if necessary during `FieldInfo` build by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11898](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11898)
+
+## v2.11.6 (2025-06-13)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.6)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Rebuild dataclass fields before schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11949](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11949)
+* Always store the original field assignment on `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11946](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11946)
+
+## v2.11.5 (2025-05-22)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.5)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Check if `FieldInfo` is complete after applying type variable map by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11855](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11855)
+* Do not delete mock validator/serializer in `model_rebuild()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11890](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11890)
+* Do not duplicate metadata on model rebuild by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11902](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11902)
+
+## v2.11.4 (2025-04-29)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.4)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Allow config and bases to be specified together in `create_model()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11714](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11714).
+  This change was backported as it was previously possible (although not meant to be supported)
+  to provide `model_config` as a field, which would make it possible to provide both configuration
+  and bases.
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Remove generics cache workaround by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11755](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11755)
+* Remove coercion of decimal constraints by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11772](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11772)
+* Fix crash when expanding root type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11735](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11735)
+* Fix issue with recursive generic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11775](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11775)
+* Traverse `function-before` schemas during schema gathering by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11801](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11801)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `mkdocs-llmstxt` to v0.2.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11725)
+
+## v2.11.3 (2025-04-08)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Preserve field description when rebuilding model fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11698](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11698)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Update V1 copy to v1.10.21 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11706](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11706)
+
+## v2.11.2 (2025-04-03)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.33.1 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11678](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11678)
+* Make sure `__pydantic_private__` exists before setting private attributes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11666](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11666)
+* Do not override `FieldInfo._complete` when using field from parent class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11668](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11668)
+* Provide the available definitions when applying discriminated unions by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11670](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11670)
+* Do not expand root type in the mypy plugin for variables by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11676](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11676)
+* Mention the attribute name in model fields deprecation message by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11674](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11674)
+* Properly validate parameterized mappings by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11658](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11658)
+
+## v2.11.1 (2025-03-28)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Do not override `'definitions-ref'` schemas containing serialization schemas or metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11644](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11644)
+
+## v2.11.0 (2025-03-27)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general).
+See the [blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-11-release) for more details.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add `encoded_string()` method to the URL types by [@YassinNouh21](https://github.com/YassinNouh21) in [#11580](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11580)
+* Add support for `defer_build` with `@validate_call` decorator by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11584](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11584)
+* Allow `@with_config` decorator to be used with keyword arguments by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11608](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11608)
+* Simplify customization of default value inclusion in JSON Schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11634](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11634)
+* Add `generate_arguments_schema()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11572](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11572)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Allow generic typed dictionaries to be used for unpacked variadic keyword parameters by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11571](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11571)
+* Fix runtime error when computing model string representation involving cached properties and self-referenced models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11579](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11579)
+* Preserve other steps when using the ellipsis in the pipeline API by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11626](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11626)
+* Fix deferred discriminator application logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11591](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11591)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.33.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11631](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11631)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@cmenon12](https://github.com/cmenon12) made their first contribution in [#11562](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11562)
+* [@Jeukoh](https://github.com/Jeukoh) made their first contribution in [#11611](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11611)
+
+## v2.11.0b2 (2025-03-17)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0b2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Add experimental support for free threading by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11516](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11516)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix `NotRequired` qualifier not taken into account in stringified annotation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11559](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11559)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.32.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11567](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11567)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@joren485](https://github.com/joren485) made their first contribution in [#11547](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11547)
+
+## v2.11.0b1 (2025-03-06)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0b1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Support unsubstituted type variables with both a default and a bound or constraints by [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789
+* Add a `default_factory_takes_validated_data` property to `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11034
+* Raise a better error when a generic alias is used inside `type[]` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11088
+* Properly support PEP 695 generics syntax by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11189
+* Properly support type variable defaults by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11332
+* Add support for validating v6, v7, v8 UUIDs by [@astei](https://github.com/astei) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11436
+* Improve alias configuration APIs by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11468
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Rework `create_model` field definitions format by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11032
+* Raise a deprecation warning when a field is annotated as final with a default value by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11168
+* Deprecate accessing `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` on instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11169
+* **Breaking Change:** Move core schema generation logic for path types inside the `GenerateSchema` class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10846
+* Remove Python 3.8 Support by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11258
+* Optimize calls to `get_type_ref` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10863
+* Disable `pydantic-core` core schema validation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11271
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Only evaluate `FieldInfo` annotations if required during schema building by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10769
+* Improve `__setattr__` performance of Pydantic models by caching setter functions by [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10868
+* Improve annotation application performance by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11186
+* Improve performance of `_typing_extra` module by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11255
+* Refactor and optimize schema cleaning logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11244
+* Create a single dictionary when creating a `CoreConfig` instance by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11384
+* Bump `pydantic-core` and thus use `SchemaValidator` and `SchemaSerializer` caching by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402
+* Reuse cached core schemas for parametrized generic Pydantic models by [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11434
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872
+* Use the correct frame when instantiating a parametrized `TypeAdapter` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10893
+* Infer final fields with a default value as class variables in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11121
+* Recursively unpack `Literal` values if using PEP 695 type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11114
+* Override `__subclasscheck__` on `ModelMetaclass` to avoid memory leak and performance issues by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11116
+* Remove unused `_extract_get_pydantic_json_schema()` parameter by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11155
+* Improve discriminated union error message for invalid union variants by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11161
+* Unpack PEP 695 type aliases if using the `Annotated` form by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11109
+* Add missing stacklevel in `deprecated_instance_property` warning by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11200
+* Copy `WithJsonSchema` schema to avoid sharing mutated data by [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014
+* Do not cache parametrized models when in the process of parametrizing another model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10704
+* Add discriminated union related metadata entries to the `CoreMetadata` definition by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11216
+* Consolidate schema definitions logic in the `_Definitions` class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11208
+* Support initializing root model fields with values of the `root` type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11212
+* Fix various issues with dataclasses and `use_attribute_docstrings` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11246
+* Only compute normalized decimal places if necessary in `decimal_places_validator` by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11281
+* Add support for `validation_alias` in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11295
+* Fix JSON Schema reference collection with `"examples"` keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11305
+* Do not transform model serializer functions as class methods in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11298
+* Simplify `GenerateJsonSchema.literal_schema()` implementation by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11321
+* Add additional allowed schemes for `ClickHouseDsn` by [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319
+* Coerce decimal constraints to `Decimal` instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11350
+* Use the correct JSON Schema mode when handling function schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11367
+* Improve exception message when encountering recursion errors during type evaluation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11356
+* Always include `additionalProperties: True` for arbitrary dictionary schemas by [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392
+* Expose `fallback` parameter in serialization methods by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11398
+* Fix path serialization behavior by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11416
+* Do not reuse validators and serializers during model rebuild by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11429
+* Collect model fields when rebuilding a model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11388
+* Allow cached properties to be altered on frozen models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11432
+* Fix tuple serialization for `Sequence` types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11435
+* Fix: do not check for `__get_validators__` on classes where `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` is also defined by [@tlambert03](https://github.com/tlambert03) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11444
+* Allow callable instances to be used as serializers by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11451
+* Improve error thrown when overriding field with a property by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11459
+* Fix JSON Schema generation with referenceable core schemas holding JSON metadata by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11475
+* Support strict specification on union member types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11481
+* Implicitly set `validate_by_name` to `True` when `validate_by_alias` is `False` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11503
+* Change type of `Any` when synthesizing `BaseSettings.__init__` signature in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11497
+* Support type variable defaults referencing other type variables by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11520
+* Fix `ValueError` on year zero by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1583
+* `dataclass` `InitVar` shouldn't be required on serialization by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1602
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Add a `check_pydantic_core_version()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11324
+* Remove `greenlet` development dependency by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11351
+* Use the `typing-inspection` library by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11479
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to `v2.31.1` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11526
+
+## New Contributors
+
+* [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789
+* [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948
+* [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077
+* [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082
+* [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111
+* [@mdaffad](https://github.com/mdaffad) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11177
+* [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014
+* [@thomasfrimannkoren](https://github.com/thomasfrimannkoren) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11251
+* [@usernameMAI](https://github.com/usernameMAI) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11275
+* [@ananiavito](https://github.com/ananiavito) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11302
+* [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11311
+* [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319
+* [@kauabh](https://github.com/kauabh) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11369
+* [@jaceklaskowski](https://github.com/jaceklaskowski) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11353
+* [@tmpbeing](https://github.com/tmpbeing) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11375
+* [@petyosi](https://github.com/petyosi) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11405
+* [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392
+* [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402
+* [@astei](https://github.com/astei) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11436
+* [@dsayling](https://github.com/dsayling) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11522
+* [@sobolevn](https://github.com/sobolevn) made their first contribution in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1645
+
+## v2.11.0a2 (2025-02-10)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0a2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general).
+This is another early alpha release, meant to collect early feedback from users having issues with core schema builds.
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Create a single dictionary when creating a `CoreConfig` instance by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11384](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11384)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Use the correct JSON Schema mode when handling function schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11367](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11367)
+* Fix JSON Schema reference logic with `examples` keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11366](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11366)
+* Improve exception message when encountering recursion errors during type evaluation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11356](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11356)
+* Always include `additionalProperties: True` for arbitrary dictionary schemas by [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) in [#11392](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392)
+* Expose `fallback` parameter in serialization methods by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11398](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11398)
+* Fix path serialization behavior by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11416](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11416)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `ruff` from 0.9.2 to 0.9.5 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11407](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11407)
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.29.0 by [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) in [#11402](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402)
+* Use locally-built rust with symbols & pgo by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#11403](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11403)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@kauabh](https://github.com/kauabh) made their first contribution in [#11369](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11369)
+* [@jaceklaskowski](https://github.com/jaceklaskowski) made their first contribution in [#11353](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11353)
+* [@tmpbeing](https://github.com/tmpbeing) made their first contribution in [#11375](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11375)
+* [@petyosi](https://github.com/petyosi) made their first contribution in [#11405](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11405)
+* [@austinyu](https://github.com/austinyu) made their first contribution in [#11392](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11392)
+* [@mikeedjones](https://github.com/mikeedjones) made their first contribution in [#11402](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11402)
+
+## v2.11.0a1 (2025-01-30)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.11.0a1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general).
+This is an early alpha release, meant to collect early feedback from users having issues with core schema builds.
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Support unsubstituted type variables with both a default and a bound or constraints by [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) in [#10789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789)
+* Add a `default_factory_takes_validated_data` property to `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11034](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11034)
+* Raise a better error when a generic alias is used inside `type[]` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11088](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11088)
+* Properly support PEP 695 generics syntax by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11189](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11189)
+* Properly support type variable defaults by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11332](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11332)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Rework `create_model` field definitions format by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11032](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11032)
+* Raise a deprecation warning when a field is annotated as final with a default value by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11168](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11168)
+* Deprecate accessing `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` on instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11169](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11169)
+* Move core schema generation logic for path types inside the `GenerateSchema` class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10846](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10846)
+* Move `deque` schema gen to `GenerateSchema` class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11239](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11239)
+* Move `Mapping` schema gen to `GenerateSchema` to complete removal of `prepare_annotations_for_known_type` workaround by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11247](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11247)
+* Remove Python 3.8 Support by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11258](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11258)
+* Disable `pydantic-core` core schema validation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11271](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11271)
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Only evaluate `FieldInfo` annotations if required during schema building by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10769](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10769)
+* Optimize calls to `get_type_ref` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10863](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10863)
+* Improve `__setattr__` performance of Pydantic models by caching setter functions by [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in [#10868](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10868)
+* Improve annotation application performance by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11186](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11186)
+* Improve performance of `_typing_extra` module by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11255](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11255)
+* Refactor and optimize schema cleaning logic by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) and [@MarkusSintonen](https://github.com/MarkusSintonen) in [#11244](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11244)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Add validation tests for `_internal/_validators.py` by [@tkasuz](https://github.com/tkasuz) in [#10763](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10763)
+* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10872](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872)
+* Revert "ci: use locally built pydantic-core with debug symbols by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10942](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10942)
+* Re-enable all FastAPI tests by [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) in [#10948](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948)
+* Fix typo in HISTORY.md. by [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) in [#11077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077)
+* Infer final fields with a default value as class variables in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11121](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11121)
+* Recursively unpack `Literal` values if using PEP 695 type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11114](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11114)
+* Override `__subclasscheck__` on `ModelMetaclass` to avoid memory leak and performance issues by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11116](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11116)
+* Remove unused `_extract_get_pydantic_json_schema()` parameter by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11155](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11155)
+* Add FastAPI and SQLModel to third-party tests by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11044](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11044)
+* Fix conditional expressions syntax for third-party tests by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11162](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11162)
+* Move FastAPI tests to third-party workflow by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11164](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11164)
+* Improve discriminated union error message for invalid union variants by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11161](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11161)
+* Unpack PEP 695 type aliases if using the `Annotated` form by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11109](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11109)
+* Include `openapi-python-client` check in issue creation for third-party failures, use `main` branch by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11182](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11182)
+* Add pandera third-party tests by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11193](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11193)
+* Add ODMantic third-party tests by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11197](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11197)
+* Add missing stacklevel in `deprecated_instance_property` warning by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11200](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11200)
+* Copy `WithJsonSchema` schema to avoid sharing mutated data by [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) in [#11014](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014)
+* Do not cache parametrized models when in the process of parametrizing another model by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10704](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10704)
+* Re-enable Beanie third-party tests by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11214](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11214)
+* Add discriminated union related metadata entries to the `CoreMetadata` definition by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11216](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11216)
+* Consolidate schema definitions logic in the `_Definitions` class by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11208](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11208)
+* Support initializing root model fields with values of the `root` type in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11212](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11212)
+* Fix various issues with dataclasses and `use_attribute_docstrings` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11246](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11246)
+* Only compute normalized decimal places if necessary in `decimal_places_validator` by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in [#11281](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11281)
+* Fix two misplaced sentences in validation errors documentation by [@ananiavito](https://github.com/ananiavito) in [#11302](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11302)
+* Fix mkdocstrings inventory example in documentation by [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy) in [#11311](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11311)
+* Add support for `validation_alias` in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11295](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11295)
+* Do not transform model serializer functions as class methods in the mypy plugin by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11298](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11298)
+* Simplify `GenerateJsonSchema.literal_schema()` implementation by [@misrasaurabh1](https://github.com/misrasaurabh1) in [#11321](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11321)
+* Add additional allowed schemes for `ClickHouseDsn` by [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) in [#11319](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319)
+* Coerce decimal constraints to `Decimal` instances by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11350](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11350)
+* Fix `ValueError` on year zero by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [pydantic-core#1583](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1583)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 6 to 7 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) in [#11018](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11018)
+* Re-enable memray related tests on Python 3.12+ by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11191](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11191)
+* Bump astral-sh/setup-uv to 5 by [@dependabot](https://github.com/dependabot) in [#11205](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11205)
+* Bump `ruff` to v0.9.0 by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11254](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11254)
+* Regular `uv.lock` deps update by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11333](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11333)
+* Add a `check_pydantic_core_version()` function by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11324)
+* Remove `greenlet` development dependency by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11351](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11351)
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.28.0 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11364](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11364)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) made their first contribution in [#10789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789)
+* [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) made their first contribution in [#10948](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948)
+* [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) made their first contribution in [#11077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077)
+* [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) made their first contribution in [#11082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082)
+* [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) made their first contribution in [#11111](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111)
+* [@mdaffad](https://github.com/mdaffad) made their first contribution in [#11177](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11177)
+* [@thejcannon](https://github.com/thejcannon) made their first contribution in [#11014](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11014)
+* [@thomasfrimannkoren](https://github.com/thomasfrimannkoren) made their first contribution in [#11251](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11251)
+* [@usernameMAI](https://github.com/usernameMAI) made their first contribution in [#11275](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11275)
+* [@ananiavito](https://github.com/ananiavito) made their first contribution in [#11302](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11302)
+* [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy) made their first contribution in [#11311](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11311)
+* [@Maze21127](https://github.com/Maze21127) made their first contribution in [#11319](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11319)
+
+## v2.10.6 (2025-01-23)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.6)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix JSON Schema reference collection with `'examples'` keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11325](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11325)
+* Fix url python serialization by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11331)
+
+## v2.10.5 (2025-01-08)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.5)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Remove custom MRO implementation of Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11184](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11184)
+* Fix URL serialization for unions by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11233](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11233)
+
+## v2.10.4 (2024-12-18)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.4)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Fix for comparison of `AnyUrl` objects by [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) in [#11082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082)
+* Properly fetch PEP 695 type params for functions, do not fetch annotations from signature by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11093](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11093)
+* Include JSON Schema input core schema in function schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11085](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11085)
+* Add `len` to `_BaseUrl` to avoid TypeError by [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) in [#11111](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111)
+* Make sure the type reference is removed from the seen references by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11143](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11143)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@FyZzyss](https://github.com/FyZzyss) made their first contribution in [#10789](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10789)
+* [@tamird](https://github.com/tamird) made their first contribution in [#10948](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10948)
+* [@felixxm](https://github.com/felixxm) made their first contribution in [#11077](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11077)
+* [@alexprabhat99](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) made their first contribution in [#11082](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11082)
+* [@Kharianne](https://github.com/Kharianne) made their first contribution in [#11111](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11111)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to v2.27.2 by [@davidhewitt](https://github.com/davidhewitt) in [#11138](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11138)
+
+## v2.10.3 (2024-12-03)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.3)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Set fields when `defer_build` is set on Pydantic dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10984](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10984)
+* Do not resolve the JSON Schema reference for `dict` core schema keys by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10989](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10989)
+* Use the globals of the function when evaluating the return type for `PlainSerializer` and `WrapSerializer` functions by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11008](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11008)
+* Fix host required enforcement for urls to be compatible with v2.9 behavior by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11027](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11027)
+* Add a `default_factory_takes_validated_data` property to `FieldInfo` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#11034](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11034)
+* Fix url json schema in `serialization` mode by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#11035](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/11035)
+
+## v2.10.2 (2024-11-25)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.2)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Only evaluate FieldInfo annotations if required during schema building by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10769](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10769)
+* Do not evaluate annotations for private fields by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10962](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10962)
+* Support serialization as any for `Secret` types and `Url` types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10947](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10947)
+* Fix type hint of `Field.default` to be compatible with Python 3.8 and 3.9 by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10972](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10972)
+* Add hashing support for URL types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10975](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10975)
+* Hide `BaseModel.__replace__` definition from type checkers by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10979](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10979)
+
+## v2.10.1 (2024-11-21)
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.1)
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Use the correct frame when instantiating a parametrized `TypeAdapter` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10893](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10893)
+* Relax check for validated data in `default_factory` utils by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10909](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10909)
+* Fix type checking issue with `model_fields` and `model_computed_fields` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10911](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10911)
+* Use the parent configuration during schema generation for stdlib `dataclass`es by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10928](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10928)
+* Use the `globals` of the function when evaluating the return type of serializers and `computed_field`s by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10929](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10929)
+* Fix URL constraint application by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10922](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10922)
+* Fix URL equality with different validation methods by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10934](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10934)
+* Fix JSON schema title when specified as `''` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10936](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10936)
+* Fix `python` mode serialization for `complex` inference by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [pydantic-core#1549](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1549)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` version to `v2.27.1` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10938](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10938)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+## v2.10.0 (2024-11-20)
+
+The code released in v2.10.0 is practically identical to that of v2.10.0b2.
+
+[GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0)
+
+See the [v2.10 release blog post](https://pydantic.dev/articles/pydantic-v2-10-release) for the highlights!
+
+### What's Changed
+
+#### New Features
+
+* Support `fractions.Fraction` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10318](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10318)
+* Support `Hashable` for json validation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10324](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10324)
+* Add a `SocketPath` type for `linux` systems by [@theunkn0wn1](https://github.com/theunkn0wn1) in [#10378](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10378)
+* Allow arbitrary refs in JSON schema `examples` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10417](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10417)
+* Support `defer_build` for Pydantic dataclasses by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10313](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10313)
+* Adding v1 / v2 incompatibility warning for nested v1 model by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10431](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10431)
+* Add support for unpacked `TypedDict` to type hint variadic keyword arguments with `@validate_call` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10416](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10416)
+* Support compiled patterns in `protected_namespaces` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10522](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10522)
+* Add support for `propertyNames` in JSON schema by [@FlorianSW](https://github.com/FlorianSW) in [#10478](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10478)
+* Adding `__replace__` protocol for Python 3.13+ support by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10596](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10596)
+* Expose public `sort` method for JSON schema generation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10595](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10595)
+* Add runtime validation of `@validate_call` callable argument by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10627](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10627)
+* Add `experimental_allow_partial` support by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin) in [#10748](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10748)
+* Support default factories taking validated data as an argument by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10678](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10678)
+* Allow subclassing `ValidationError` and `PydanticCustomError` by [@Youssefares](https://github.com/Youssefares) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1413](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1413)
+* Add `trailing-strings` support to `experimental_allow_partial` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10825)
+* Add `rebuild()` method for `TypeAdapter` and simplify `defer_build` patterns by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10537](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10537)
+* Improve `TypeAdapter` instance repr by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10872](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10872)
+
+#### Changes
+
+* Don't allow customization of `SchemaGenerator` until interface is more stable by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10303](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10303)
+* Cleanly `defer_build` on `TypeAdapters`, removing experimental flag by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10329](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10329)
+* Fix `mro` of generic subclass  by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10100](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10100)
+* Strip whitespaces on JSON Schema title generation by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10404](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10404)
+* Use `b64decode` and `b64encode` for `Base64Bytes` type by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10486](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10486)
+* Relax protected namespace config default by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10441](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10441)
+* Revalidate parametrized generics if instance's origin is subclass of OG class by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10666](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10666)
+* Warn if configuration is specified on the `@dataclass` decorator and with the `__pydantic_config__` attribute by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10406](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10406)
+* Recommend against using `Ellipsis` (...) with `Field` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10661](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10661)
+* Migrate to subclassing instead of annotated approach for pydantic url types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10662](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10662)
+* Change JSON schema generation of `Literal`s and `Enums` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10692](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10692)
+* Simplify unions involving `Any` or `Never` when replacing type variables by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10338](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10338)
+* Do not require padding when decoding `base64` bytes by [@bschoenmaeckers](https://github.com/bschoenmaeckers) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1448](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1448)
+* Support dates all the way to 1BC by [@changhc](https://github.com/changhc) in [pydantic/speedate#77](https://github.com/pydantic/speedate/pull/77)
+
+#### Performance
+
+* Schema cleaning: skip unnecessary copies during schema walking by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10286](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10286)
+* Refactor namespace logic for annotations evaluation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10530](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10530)
+* Improve email regexp on edge cases by [@AlekseyLobanov](https://github.com/AlekseyLobanov) in [#10601](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10601)
+* `CoreMetadata` refactor with an emphasis on documentation, schema build time performance, and reducing complexity by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10675](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10675)
+
+#### Packaging
+
+* Bump `pydantic-core` to `v2.27.0` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10825](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10825)
+* Replaced pdm with uv by [@frfahim](https://github.com/frfahim) in [#10727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10727)
+
+#### Fixes
+
+* Remove guarding check on `computed_field` with `field_serializer` by [@nix010](https://github.com/nix010) in [#10390](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10390)
+* Fix `Predicate` issue in `v2.9.0` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10321](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10321)
+* Fixing `annotated-types` bound by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10327](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10327)
+* Turn `tzdata` install requirement into optional `timezone` dependency by [@jakob-keller](https://github.com/jakob-keller) in [#10331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10331)
+* Use correct types namespace when building `namedtuple` core schemas by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10337](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10337)
+* Fix evaluation of stringified annotations during namespace inspection by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10347](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10347)
+* Fix `IncEx` type alias definition by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10339](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10339)
+* Do not error when trying to evaluate annotations of private attributes by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10358](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10358)
+* Fix nested type statement by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10369](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10369)
+* Improve typing of `ModelMetaclass.mro` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10372](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10372)
+* Fix class access of deprecated `computed_field`s by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10391](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10391)
+* Make sure `inspect.iscoroutinefunction` works on coroutines decorated with `@validate_call` by [@MovisLi](https://github.com/MovisLi) in [#10374](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10374)
+* Fix `NameError` when using `validate_call` with PEP 695 on a class by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10380](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10380)
+* Fix `ZoneInfo` with various invalid types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10408](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10408)
+* Fix `PydanticUserError` on empty `model_config` with annotations by [@cdwilson](https://github.com/cdwilson) in [#10412](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10412)
+* Fix variance issue in `_IncEx` type alias, only allow `True` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10414](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10414)
+* Fix serialization schema generation when using `PlainValidator` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10427](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10427)
+* Fix schema generation error when serialization schema holds references by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10444](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10444)
+* Inline references if possible when generating schema for `json_schema_input_type` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10439](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10439)
+* Fix recursive arguments in `Representation` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10480](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10480)
+* Fix representation for builtin function types by [@kschwab](https://github.com/kschwab) in [#10479](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10479)
+* Add python validators for decimal constraints (`max_digits` and `decimal_places`) by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10506](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10506)
+* Only fetch `__pydantic_core_schema__` from the current class during schema generation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10518](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10518)
+* Fix `stacklevel` on deprecation warnings for `BaseModel` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10520](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10520)
+* Fix warning `stacklevel` in `BaseModel.__init__` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10526](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10526)
+* Improve error handling for in-evaluable refs for discriminator application by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10440](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10440)
+* Change the signature of `ConfigWrapper.core_config` to take the title directly by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10562](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10562)
+* Do not use the previous config from the stack for dataclasses without config by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10576](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10576)
+* Fix serialization for IP types with `mode='python'` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10594](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10594)
+* Support constraint application for `Base64Etc` types by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10584](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10584)
+* Fix `validate_call` ignoring `Field` in `Annotated` by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10610](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10610)
+* Raise an error when `Self` is invalid by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10609](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10609)
+* Using `core_schema.InvalidSchema` instead of metadata injection + checks by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10523](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10523)
+* Tweak type alias logic by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10643](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10643)
+* Support usage of `type` with `typing.Self` and type aliases by [@kc0506](https://github.com/kc0506) in [#10621](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10621)
+* Use overloads for `Field` and `PrivateAttr` functions by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10651](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10651)
+* Clean up the `mypy` plugin implementation by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10669](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10669)
+* Properly check for `typing_extensions` variant of `TypeAliasType` by [@Daraan](https://github.com/Daraan) in [#10713](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10713)
+* Allow any mapping in `BaseModel.model_copy()` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10751](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10751)
+* Fix `isinstance` behavior for urls by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10766](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10766)
+* Ensure `cached_property` can be set on Pydantic models by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10774](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10774)
+* Fix equality checks for primitives in literals by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1459](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1459)
+* Properly enforce `host_required` for URLs by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1488](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1488)
+* Fix when `coerce_numbers_to_str` enabled and string has invalid Unicode character by [@andrey-berenda](https://github.com/andrey-berenda) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1515](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1515)
+* Fix serializing `complex` values in `Enum`s by [@changhc](https://github.com/changhc) in [pydantic/pydantic-core#1524](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/pull/1524)
+* Refactor `_typing_extra` module by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10725](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10725)
+* Support intuitive equality for urls by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10798](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10798)
+* Add `bytearray` to `TypeAdapter.validate_json` signature by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin) in [#10802](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10802)
+* Ensure class access of method descriptors is performed when used as a default with `Field` by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10816](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10816)
+* Fix circular import with `validate_call` by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10807](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10807)
+* Fix error when using type aliases referencing other type aliases by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10809](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10809)
+* Fix `IncEx` type alias to be compatible with mypy by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10813](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10813)
+* Make `__signature__` a lazy property, do not deepcopy defaults by [@Viicos](https://github.com/Viicos) in [#10818](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10818)
+* Make `__signature__` lazy for dataclasses, too by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10832](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10832)
+* Subclass all single host url classes from `AnyUrl` to preserve behavior from v2.9 by [@sydney-runkle](https://github.com/sydney-runkle) in [#10856](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10856)
+
+### New Contributors
+
+* [@jakob-keller](https://github.com/jakob-keller) made their first contribution in [#10331](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10331)
+* [@MovisLi](https://github.com/MovisLi) made their first contribution in [#10374](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10374)
+* [@joaopalmeiro](https://github.com/joaopalmeiro) made their first contribution in [#10405](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10405)
+* [@theunkn0wn1](https://github.com/theunkn0wn1) made their first contribution in [#10378](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10378)
+* [@cdwilson](https://github.com/cdwilson) made their first contribution in [#10412](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10412)
+* [@dlax](https://github.com/dlax) made their first contribution in [#10421](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10421)
+* [@kschwab](https://github.com/kschwab) made their first contribution in [#10479](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10479)
+* [@santibreo](https://github.com/santibreo) made their first contribution in [#10453](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10453)
+* [@FlorianSW](https://github.com/FlorianSW) made their first contribution in [#10478](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10478)
+* [@tkasuz](https://github.com/tkasuz) made their first contribution in [#10555](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10555)
+* [@AlekseyLobanov](https://github.com/AlekseyLobanov) made their first contribution in [#10601](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10601)
+* [@NiclasvanEyk](https://github.com/NiclasvanEyk) made their first contribution in [#10667](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10667)
+* [@mschoettle](https://github.com/mschoettle) made their first contribution in [#10677](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10677)
+* [@Daraan](https://github.com/Daraan) made their first contribution in [#10713](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10713)
+* [@k4nar](https://github.com/k4nar) made their first contribution in [#10736](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10736)
+* [@UriyaHarpeness](https://github.com/UriyaHarpeness) made their first contribution in [#10740](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10740)
+* [@frfahim](https://github.com/frfahim) made their first contribution in [#10727](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10727)
+
+## v2.10.0b2 (2024-11-13)
+
+Pre-release, see [the GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0b2) for details.
+
+## v2.10.0b1 (2024-11-06)
+
+Pre-release, see [the GitHub release](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/releases/tag/v2.10.0b1) for details.
+
+
+... see [here](https://docs.pydantic.dev/changelog/#v0322-2019-08-17) for earlier changes.
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b94fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.29.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488c626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic-2.13.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 to present Pydantic Services Inc. and individual contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0121284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from warnings import warn
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .version import VERSION, _ensure_pydantic_core_version
+
+_ensure_pydantic_core_version()
+del _ensure_pydantic_core_version
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # import of virtually everything is supported via `__getattr__` below,
+    # but we need them here for type checking and IDE support
+    import pydantic_core
+    from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
+        FieldSerializationInfo,
+        SerializationInfo,
+        SerializerFunctionWrapHandler,
+        ValidationInfo,
+        ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+    )
+
+    from . import dataclasses
+    from .aliases import AliasChoices, AliasGenerator, AliasPath
+    from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    from .config import ConfigDict, with_config
+    from .errors import *
+    from .fields import Field, PrivateAttr, computed_field
+    from .functional_serializers import (
+        PlainSerializer,
+        SerializeAsAny,
+        WrapSerializer,
+        field_serializer,
+        model_serializer,
+    )
+    from .functional_validators import (
+        AfterValidator,
+        BeforeValidator,
+        InstanceOf,
+        ModelWrapValidatorHandler,
+        PlainValidator,
+        SkipValidation,
+        ValidateAs,
+        WrapValidator,
+        field_validator,
+        model_validator,
+    )
+    from .json_schema import WithJsonSchema
+    from .main import *
+    from .networks import *
+    from .type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+    from .types import *
+    from .validate_call_decorator import validate_call
+    from .warnings import (
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince26,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince29,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince210,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince212,
+        PydanticDeprecationWarning,
+        PydanticExperimentalWarning,
+    )
+
+    # this encourages pycharm to import `ValidationError` from here, not pydantic_core
+    ValidationError = pydantic_core.ValidationError
+    from .deprecated.class_validators import root_validator, validator
+    from .deprecated.config import BaseConfig, Extra
+    from .deprecated.tools import *
+    from .root_model import RootModel
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+__all__ = (
+    # dataclasses
+    'dataclasses',
+    # functional validators
+    'field_validator',
+    'model_validator',
+    'AfterValidator',
+    'BeforeValidator',
+    'PlainValidator',
+    'WrapValidator',
+    'SkipValidation',
+    'ValidateAs',
+    'InstanceOf',
+    'ModelWrapValidatorHandler',
+    # JSON Schema
+    'WithJsonSchema',
+    # deprecated V1 functional validators, these are imported via `__getattr__` below
+    'root_validator',
+    'validator',
+    # functional serializers
+    'field_serializer',
+    'model_serializer',
+    'PlainSerializer',
+    'SerializeAsAny',
+    'WrapSerializer',
+    # config
+    'ConfigDict',
+    'with_config',
+    # deprecated V1 config, these are imported via `__getattr__` below
+    'BaseConfig',
+    'Extra',
+    # validate_call
+    'validate_call',
+    # errors
+    'PydanticErrorCodes',
+    'PydanticUserError',
+    'PydanticSchemaGenerationError',
+    'PydanticImportError',
+    'PydanticUndefinedAnnotation',
+    'PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema',
+    'PydanticForbiddenQualifier',
+    # fields
+    'Field',
+    'computed_field',
+    'PrivateAttr',
+    # alias
+    'AliasChoices',
+    'AliasGenerator',
+    'AliasPath',
+    # main
+    'BaseModel',
+    'create_model',
+    # network
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'FtpUrl',
+    'WebsocketUrl',
+    'AnyWebsocketUrl',
+    'UrlConstraints',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'NatsDsn',
+    'MySQLDsn',
+    'MariaDBDsn',
+    'ClickHouseDsn',
+    'SnowflakeDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+    # root_model
+    'RootModel',
+    # deprecated tools, these are imported via `__getattr__` below
+    'parse_obj_as',
+    'schema_of',
+    'schema_json_of',
+    # types
+    'Strict',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'conbytes',
+    'conlist',
+    'conset',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'constr',
+    'StringConstraints',
+    'ImportString',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'condecimal',
+    'condate',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'UUID6',
+    'UUID7',
+    'UUID8',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'NewPath',
+    'Json',
+    'Secret',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'SocketPath',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    'PastDatetime',
+    'FutureDatetime',
+    'AwareDatetime',
+    'NaiveDatetime',
+    'AllowInfNan',
+    'EncoderProtocol',
+    'EncodedBytes',
+    'EncodedStr',
+    'Base64Encoder',
+    'Base64Bytes',
+    'Base64Str',
+    'Base64UrlBytes',
+    'Base64UrlStr',
+    'GetPydanticSchema',
+    'Tag',
+    'Discriminator',
+    'JsonValue',
+    'FailFast',
+    # type_adapter
+    'TypeAdapter',
+    # version
+    '__version__',
+    'VERSION',
+    # warnings
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince20',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince26',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince29',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince210',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince211',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince212',
+    'PydanticDeprecationWarning',
+    'PydanticExperimentalWarning',
+    # annotated handlers
+    'GetCoreSchemaHandler',
+    'GetJsonSchemaHandler',
+    # pydantic_core
+    'ValidationError',
+    'ValidationInfo',
+    'SerializationInfo',
+    'ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler',
+    'FieldSerializationInfo',
+    'SerializerFunctionWrapHandler',
+    'OnErrorOmit',
+)
+
+# A mapping of {<member name>: (package, <module name>)} defining dynamic imports
+_dynamic_imports: 'dict[str, tuple[str, str]]' = {
+    'dataclasses': (__spec__.parent, '__module__'),
+    # functional validators
+    'field_validator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'model_validator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'AfterValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'BeforeValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'PlainValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'WrapValidator': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'SkipValidation': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'InstanceOf': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'ValidateAs': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    'ModelWrapValidatorHandler': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_validators'),
+    # JSON Schema
+    'WithJsonSchema': (__spec__.parent, '.json_schema'),
+    # functional serializers
+    'field_serializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'model_serializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'PlainSerializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'SerializeAsAny': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    'WrapSerializer': (__spec__.parent, '.functional_serializers'),
+    # config
+    'ConfigDict': (__spec__.parent, '.config'),
+    'with_config': (__spec__.parent, '.config'),
+    # validate call
+    'validate_call': (__spec__.parent, '.validate_call_decorator'),
+    # errors
+    'PydanticErrorCodes': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticUserError': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticSchemaGenerationError': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticImportError': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticUndefinedAnnotation': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    'PydanticForbiddenQualifier': (__spec__.parent, '.errors'),
+    # fields
+    'Field': (__spec__.parent, '.fields'),
+    'computed_field': (__spec__.parent, '.fields'),
+    'PrivateAttr': (__spec__.parent, '.fields'),
+    # alias
+    'AliasChoices': (__spec__.parent, '.aliases'),
+    'AliasGenerator': (__spec__.parent, '.aliases'),
+    'AliasPath': (__spec__.parent, '.aliases'),
+    # main
+    'BaseModel': (__spec__.parent, '.main'),
+    'create_model': (__spec__.parent, '.main'),
+    # network
+    'AnyUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'AnyHttpUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'FileUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'HttpUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'FtpUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'WebsocketUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'AnyWebsocketUrl': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'UrlConstraints': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'EmailStr': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'NameEmail': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'IPvAnyAddress': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'IPvAnyInterface': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'IPvAnyNetwork': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'PostgresDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'CockroachDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'AmqpDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'RedisDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'MongoDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'KafkaDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'NatsDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'MySQLDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'MariaDBDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'ClickHouseDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'SnowflakeDsn': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    'validate_email': (__spec__.parent, '.networks'),
+    # root_model
+    'RootModel': (__spec__.parent, '.root_model'),
+    # types
+    'Strict': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conbytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conlist': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conset': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'confrozenset': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'constr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StringConstraints': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'ImportString': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'conint': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PositiveInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NegativeInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonNegativeInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonPositiveInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'confloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PositiveFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NegativeFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonNegativeFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NonPositiveFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FiniteFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'condecimal': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'condate': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID1': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID3': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID4': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID5': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID6': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID7': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'UUID8': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FilePath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'DirectoryPath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NewPath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Json': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Secret': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'SecretStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'SecretBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictBool': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictInt': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'StrictFloat': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PaymentCardNumber': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'ByteSize': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PastDate': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'SocketPath': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FutureDate': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'PastDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FutureDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'AwareDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'NaiveDatetime': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'AllowInfNan': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'EncoderProtocol': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'EncodedBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'EncodedStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64Encoder': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64Bytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64Str': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64UrlBytes': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Base64UrlStr': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'GetPydanticSchema': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Tag': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'Discriminator': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'JsonValue': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'OnErrorOmit': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    'FailFast': (__spec__.parent, '.types'),
+    # type_adapter
+    'TypeAdapter': (__spec__.parent, '.type_adapter'),
+    # warnings
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince20': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince26': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince29': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince210': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince211': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince212': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticDeprecationWarning': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    'PydanticExperimentalWarning': (__spec__.parent, '.warnings'),
+    # annotated handlers
+    'GetCoreSchemaHandler': (__spec__.parent, '.annotated_handlers'),
+    'GetJsonSchemaHandler': (__spec__.parent, '.annotated_handlers'),
+    # pydantic_core stuff
+    'ValidationError': ('pydantic_core', '.'),
+    'ValidationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'SerializationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'FieldSerializationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'SerializerFunctionWrapHandler': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    # deprecated, mostly not included in __all__
+    'root_validator': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.class_validators'),
+    'validator': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.class_validators'),
+    'BaseConfig': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.config'),
+    'Extra': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.config'),
+    'parse_obj_as': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.tools'),
+    'schema_of': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.tools'),
+    'schema_json_of': (__spec__.parent, '.deprecated.tools'),
+    # deprecated dynamic imports
+    'FieldValidationInfo': ('pydantic_core', '.core_schema'),
+    'GenerateSchema': (__spec__.parent, '._internal._generate_schema'),
+}
+_deprecated_dynamic_imports = {'FieldValidationInfo', 'GenerateSchema'}
+
+_getattr_migration = getattr_migration(__name__)
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr_name: str) -> object:
+    if attr_name in _deprecated_dynamic_imports:
+        from pydantic.warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+        warn(
+            f'Importing {attr_name} from `pydantic` is deprecated. This feature is either no longer supported, or is not public.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    dynamic_attr = _dynamic_imports.get(attr_name)
+    if dynamic_attr is None:
+        return _getattr_migration(attr_name)
+
+    package, module_name = dynamic_attr
+
+    if module_name == '__module__':
+        result = import_module(f'.{attr_name}', package=package)
+        globals()[attr_name] = result
+        return result
+    else:
+        module = import_module(module_name, package=package)
+        result = getattr(module, attr_name)
+        g = globals()
+        for k, (_, v_module_name) in _dynamic_imports.items():
+            if v_module_name == module_name and k not in _deprecated_dynamic_imports:
+                g[k] = getattr(module, k)
+        return result
+
+
+def __dir__() -> list[str]:
+    return list(__all__)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b5870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import warnings
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Literal,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from ..aliases import AliasGenerator
+from ..config import ConfigDict, ExtraValues, JsonDict, JsonEncoder, JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20, PydanticDeprecatedSince210
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._internal._schema_generation_shared import GenerateSchema
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo
+
+DEPRECATION_MESSAGE = 'Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead.'
+
+
+class ConfigWrapper:
+    """Internal wrapper for Config which exposes ConfigDict items as attributes."""
+
+    __slots__ = ('config_dict',)
+
+    config_dict: ConfigDict
+
+    # all annotations are copied directly from ConfigDict, and should be kept up to date, a test will fail if they
+    # stop matching
+    title: str | None
+    str_to_lower: bool
+    str_to_upper: bool
+    str_strip_whitespace: bool
+    str_min_length: int
+    str_max_length: int | None
+    extra: ExtraValues | None
+    frozen: bool
+    populate_by_name: bool
+    use_enum_values: bool
+    validate_assignment: bool
+    arbitrary_types_allowed: bool
+    from_attributes: bool
+    # whether to use the actual key provided in the data (e.g. alias or first alias for "field required" errors) instead of field_names
+    # to construct error `loc`s, default `True`
+    loc_by_alias: bool
+    alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator | None
+    model_title_generator: Callable[[type], str] | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo | ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None
+    ignored_types: tuple[type, ...]
+    allow_inf_nan: bool
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None
+    json_encoders: dict[type[object], JsonEncoder] | None
+
+    # new in V2
+    strict: bool
+    # whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances) should re-validate, default 'never'
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']
+    ser_json_timedelta: Literal['iso8601', 'float']
+    ser_json_temporal: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds']
+    val_temporal_unit: Literal['seconds', 'milliseconds', 'infer']
+    ser_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    val_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    ser_json_inf_nan: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings']
+    # whether to validate default values during validation, default False
+    validate_default: bool
+    validate_return: bool
+    protected_namespaces: tuple[str | Pattern[str], ...]
+    hide_input_in_errors: bool
+    defer_build: bool
+    plugin_settings: dict[str, object] | None
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateSchema] | None
+    json_schema_serialization_defaults_required: bool
+    json_schema_mode_override: Literal['validation', 'serialization', None]
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']
+    validation_error_cause: bool
+    use_attribute_docstrings: bool
+    cache_strings: bool | Literal['all', 'keys', 'none']
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    serialize_by_alias: bool
+    url_preserve_empty_path: bool
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, config: ConfigDict | dict[str, Any] | type[Any] | None, *, check: bool = True):
+        if check:
+            self.config_dict = prepare_config(config)
+        else:
+            self.config_dict = cast(ConfigDict, config)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def for_model(
+        cls,
+        bases: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+        namespace: dict[str, Any],
+        raw_annotations: dict[str, Any],
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a new `ConfigWrapper` instance for a `BaseModel`.
+
+        The config wrapper built based on (in descending order of priority):
+        - options from `kwargs`
+        - options from the `namespace`
+        - options from the base classes (`bases`)
+
+        Args:
+            bases: A tuple of base classes.
+            namespace: The namespace of the class being created.
+            raw_annotations: The (non-evaluated) annotations of the model.
+            kwargs: The kwargs passed to the class being created.
+
+        Returns:
+            A `ConfigWrapper` instance for `BaseModel`.
+        """
+        config_new = ConfigDict()
+        for base in bases:
+            config = getattr(base, 'model_config', None)
+            if config:
+                config_new.update(config.copy())
+
+        config_class_from_namespace = namespace.get('Config')
+        config_dict_from_namespace = namespace.get('model_config')
+
+        if raw_annotations.get('model_config') and config_dict_from_namespace is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                '`model_config` cannot be used as a model field name. Use `model_config` for model configuration.',
+                code='model-config-invalid-field-name',
+            )
+
+        if config_class_from_namespace and config_dict_from_namespace:
+            raise PydanticUserError('"Config" and "model_config" cannot be used together', code='config-both')
+
+        config_from_namespace = config_dict_from_namespace or prepare_config(config_class_from_namespace)
+
+        config_new.update(config_from_namespace)
+
+        for k in list(kwargs.keys()):
+            if k in config_keys:
+                config_new[k] = kwargs.pop(k)
+
+        return cls(config_new)
+
+    # we don't show `__getattr__` to type checkers so missing attributes cause errors
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no branch
+
+        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+            try:
+                return self.config_dict[name]
+            except KeyError:
+                try:
+                    return config_defaults[name]
+                except KeyError:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'Config has no attribute {name!r}') from None
+
+    def core_config(self, title: str | None) -> core_schema.CoreConfig:
+        """Create a pydantic-core config.
+
+        We don't use getattr here since we don't want to populate with defaults.
+
+        Args:
+            title: The title to use if not set in config.
+
+        Returns:
+            A `CoreConfig` object created from config.
+        """
+        config = self.config_dict
+
+        if config.get('schema_generator') is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'The `schema_generator` setting has been deprecated since v2.10. This setting no longer has any effect.',
+                PydanticDeprecatedSince210,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        if (populate_by_name := config.get('populate_by_name')) is not None:
+            # We include this patch for backwards compatibility purposes, but this config setting will be deprecated in v3.0, and likely removed in v4.0.
+            # Thus, the above warning and this patch can be removed then as well.
+            if config.get('validate_by_name') is None:
+                config['validate_by_alias'] = True
+                config['validate_by_name'] = populate_by_name
+
+        # We dynamically patch validate_by_name to be True if validate_by_alias is set to False
+        # and validate_by_name is not explicitly set.
+        if config.get('validate_by_alias') is False and config.get('validate_by_name') is None:
+            config['validate_by_name'] = True
+
+        if (not config.get('validate_by_alias', True)) and (not config.get('validate_by_name', False)):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `validate_by_alias` or `validate_by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return core_schema.CoreConfig(
+            **{  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                k: v
+                for k, v in (
+                    ('title', config.get('title') or title or None),
+                    ('extra_fields_behavior', config.get('extra')),
+                    ('allow_inf_nan', config.get('allow_inf_nan')),
+                    ('str_strip_whitespace', config.get('str_strip_whitespace')),
+                    ('str_to_lower', config.get('str_to_lower')),
+                    ('str_to_upper', config.get('str_to_upper')),
+                    ('strict', config.get('strict')),
+                    ('ser_json_timedelta', config.get('ser_json_timedelta')),
+                    ('ser_json_temporal', config.get('ser_json_temporal')),
+                    ('val_temporal_unit', config.get('val_temporal_unit')),
+                    ('ser_json_bytes', config.get('ser_json_bytes')),
+                    ('val_json_bytes', config.get('val_json_bytes')),
+                    ('ser_json_inf_nan', config.get('ser_json_inf_nan')),
+                    ('from_attributes', config.get('from_attributes')),
+                    ('loc_by_alias', config.get('loc_by_alias')),
+                    ('revalidate_instances', config.get('revalidate_instances')),
+                    ('validate_default', config.get('validate_default')),
+                    ('str_max_length', config.get('str_max_length')),
+                    ('str_min_length', config.get('str_min_length')),
+                    ('hide_input_in_errors', config.get('hide_input_in_errors')),
+                    ('coerce_numbers_to_str', config.get('coerce_numbers_to_str')),
+                    ('regex_engine', config.get('regex_engine')),
+                    ('validation_error_cause', config.get('validation_error_cause')),
+                    ('cache_strings', config.get('cache_strings')),
+                    ('validate_by_alias', config.get('validate_by_alias')),
+                    ('validate_by_name', config.get('validate_by_name')),
+                    ('serialize_by_alias', config.get('serialize_by_alias')),
+                    ('url_preserve_empty_path', config.get('url_preserve_empty_path')),
+                    ('polymorphic_serialization', config.get('polymorphic_serialization')),
+                )
+                if v is not None
+            }
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        c = ', '.join(f'{k}={v!r}' for k, v in self.config_dict.items())
+        return f'ConfigWrapper({c})'
+
+
+class ConfigWrapperStack:
+    """A stack of `ConfigWrapper` instances."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper):
+        self._config_wrapper_stack: list[ConfigWrapper] = [config_wrapper]
+
+    @property
+    def tail(self) -> ConfigWrapper:
+        return self._config_wrapper_stack[-1]
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper | ConfigDict | None):
+        if config_wrapper is None:
+            yield
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(config_wrapper, ConfigWrapper):
+            config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper(config_wrapper, check=False)
+
+        self._config_wrapper_stack.append(config_wrapper)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._config_wrapper_stack.pop()
+
+
+config_defaults = ConfigDict(
+    title=None,
+    str_to_lower=False,
+    str_to_upper=False,
+    str_strip_whitespace=False,
+    str_min_length=0,
+    str_max_length=None,
+    # let the model / dataclass decide how to handle it
+    extra=None,
+    frozen=False,
+    populate_by_name=False,
+    use_enum_values=False,
+    validate_assignment=False,
+    arbitrary_types_allowed=False,
+    from_attributes=False,
+    loc_by_alias=True,
+    alias_generator=None,
+    model_title_generator=None,
+    field_title_generator=None,
+    ignored_types=(),
+    allow_inf_nan=True,
+    json_schema_extra=None,
+    strict=False,
+    revalidate_instances='never',
+    ser_json_timedelta='iso8601',
+    ser_json_temporal='iso8601',
+    val_temporal_unit='infer',
+    ser_json_bytes='utf8',
+    val_json_bytes='utf8',
+    ser_json_inf_nan='null',
+    validate_default=False,
+    validate_return=False,
+    protected_namespaces=('model_validate', 'model_dump'),
+    hide_input_in_errors=False,
+    json_encoders=None,
+    defer_build=False,
+    schema_generator=None,
+    plugin_settings=None,
+    json_schema_serialization_defaults_required=False,
+    json_schema_mode_override=None,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str=False,
+    regex_engine='rust-regex',
+    validation_error_cause=False,
+    use_attribute_docstrings=False,
+    cache_strings=True,
+    validate_by_alias=True,
+    validate_by_name=False,
+    serialize_by_alias=False,
+    url_preserve_empty_path=False,
+    polymorphic_serialization=False,
+)
+
+
+def prepare_config(config: ConfigDict | dict[str, Any] | type[Any] | None) -> ConfigDict:
+    """Create a `ConfigDict` instance from an existing dict, a class (e.g. old class-based config) or None.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The input config.
+
+    Returns:
+        A ConfigDict object created from config.
+    """
+    if config is None:
+        return ConfigDict()
+
+    if not isinstance(config, dict):
+        warnings.warn(DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=4)
+        config = {k: getattr(config, k) for k in dir(config) if not k.startswith('__')}
+
+    config_dict = cast(ConfigDict, config)
+    check_deprecated(config_dict)
+    return config_dict
+
+
+config_keys = set(ConfigDict.__annotations__.keys())
+
+
+V2_REMOVED_KEYS = {
+    'allow_mutation',
+    'error_msg_templates',
+    'fields',
+    'getter_dict',
+    'smart_union',
+    'underscore_attrs_are_private',
+    'json_loads',
+    'json_dumps',
+    'copy_on_model_validation',
+    'post_init_call',
+}
+V2_RENAMED_KEYS = {
+    'allow_population_by_field_name': 'validate_by_name',
+    'anystr_lower': 'str_to_lower',
+    'anystr_strip_whitespace': 'str_strip_whitespace',
+    'anystr_upper': 'str_to_upper',
+    'keep_untouched': 'ignored_types',
+    'max_anystr_length': 'str_max_length',
+    'min_anystr_length': 'str_min_length',
+    'orm_mode': 'from_attributes',
+    'schema_extra': 'json_schema_extra',
+    'validate_all': 'validate_default',
+}
+
+
+def check_deprecated(config_dict: ConfigDict) -> None:
+    """Check for deprecated config keys and warn the user.
+
+    Args:
+        config_dict: The input config.
+    """
+    deprecated_removed_keys = V2_REMOVED_KEYS & config_dict.keys()
+    deprecated_renamed_keys = V2_RENAMED_KEYS.keys() & config_dict.keys()
+    if deprecated_removed_keys or deprecated_renamed_keys:
+        renamings = {k: V2_RENAMED_KEYS[k] for k in sorted(deprecated_renamed_keys)}
+        renamed_bullets = [f'* {k!r} has been renamed to {v!r}' for k, v in renamings.items()]
+        removed_bullets = [f'* {k!r} has been removed' for k in sorted(deprecated_removed_keys)]
+        message = '\n'.join(['Valid config keys have changed in V2:'] + renamed_bullets + removed_bullets)
+        warnings.warn(message, UserWarning)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f2510c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypedDict, cast
+from warnings import warn
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..config import JsonDict, JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+    from ._schema_generation_shared import (
+        GetJsonSchemaFunction,
+    )
+
+
+class CoreMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """A `TypedDict` for holding the metadata dict of the schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        pydantic_js_functions: List of JSON schema functions that resolve refs during application.
+        pydantic_js_annotation_functions: List of JSON schema functions that don't resolve refs during application.
+        pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments: Whether JSON schema generator will
+            prefer positional over keyword arguments for an 'arguments' schema.
+            custom validation function. Only applies to before, plain, and wrap validators.
+        pydantic_js_updates: key / value pair updates to apply to the JSON schema for a type.
+        pydantic_js_extra: WIP, either key/value pair updates to apply to the JSON schema, or a custom callable.
+        pydantic_internal_union_tag_key: Used internally by the `Tag` metadata to specify the tag used for a discriminated union.
+        pydantic_internal_union_discriminator: Used internally to specify the discriminator value for a discriminated union
+            when the discriminator was applied to a `'definition-ref'` schema, and that reference was missing at the time
+            of the annotation application.
+
+    TODO: Perhaps we should move this structure to pydantic-core. At the moment, though,
+    it's easier to iterate on if we leave it in pydantic until we feel there is a semi-stable API.
+
+    TODO: It's unfortunate how functionally oriented JSON schema generation is, especially that which occurs during
+    the core schema generation process. It's inevitable that we need to store some json schema related information
+    on core schemas, given that we generate JSON schemas directly from core schemas. That being said, debugging related
+    issues is quite difficult when JSON schema information is disguised via dynamically defined functions.
+    """
+
+    pydantic_js_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction]
+    pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction]
+    pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments: bool
+    pydantic_js_updates: JsonDict
+    pydantic_js_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+    pydantic_internal_union_tag_key: str
+    pydantic_internal_union_discriminator: str
+
+
+def update_core_metadata(
+    core_metadata: Any,
+    /,
+    *,
+    pydantic_js_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction] | None = None,
+    pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction] | None = None,
+    pydantic_js_updates: JsonDict | None = None,
+    pydantic_js_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    from ..json_schema import PydanticJsonSchemaWarning
+
+    """Update CoreMetadata instance in place. When we make modifications in this function, they
+    take effect on the `core_metadata` reference passed in as the first (and only) positional argument.
+
+    First, cast to `CoreMetadata`, then finish with a cast to `dict[str, Any]` for core schema compatibility.
+    We do this here, instead of before / after each call to this function so that this typing hack
+    can be easily removed if/when we move `CoreMetadata` to `pydantic-core`.
+
+    For parameter descriptions, see `CoreMetadata` above.
+    """
+    core_metadata = cast(CoreMetadata, core_metadata)
+
+    if pydantic_js_functions:
+        core_metadata.setdefault('pydantic_js_functions', []).extend(pydantic_js_functions)
+
+    if pydantic_js_annotation_functions:
+        core_metadata.setdefault('pydantic_js_annotation_functions', []).extend(pydantic_js_annotation_functions)
+
+    if pydantic_js_updates:
+        if (existing_updates := core_metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates')) is not None:
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = {**existing_updates, **pydantic_js_updates}
+        else:
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = pydantic_js_updates
+
+    if pydantic_js_extra is not None:
+        existing_pydantic_js_extra = core_metadata.get('pydantic_js_extra')
+        if existing_pydantic_js_extra is None:
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_extra'] = pydantic_js_extra
+        if isinstance(existing_pydantic_js_extra, dict):
+            if isinstance(pydantic_js_extra, dict):
+                core_metadata['pydantic_js_extra'] = {**existing_pydantic_js_extra, **pydantic_js_extra}
+            if callable(pydantic_js_extra):
+                warn(
+                    'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported.'
+                    'The `callable` type is being ignored.'
+                    "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                    PydanticJsonSchemaWarning,
+                )
+        if callable(existing_pydantic_js_extra):
+            # if ever there's a case of a callable, we'll just keep the last json schema extra spec
+            core_metadata['pydantic_js_extra'] = pydantic_js_extra
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caa51e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_core_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import TypeGuard, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from . import _repr
+from ._typing_extra import is_generic_alias
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from rich.console import Console
+
+AnyFunctionSchema = Union[
+    core_schema.AfterValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.WrapValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.PlainValidatorFunctionSchema,
+]
+
+
+FunctionSchemaWithInnerSchema = Union[
+    core_schema.AfterValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema,
+    core_schema.WrapValidatorFunctionSchema,
+]
+
+CoreSchemaField = Union[
+    core_schema.ModelField, core_schema.DataclassField, core_schema.TypedDictField, core_schema.ComputedField
+]
+CoreSchemaOrField = Union[core_schema.CoreSchema, CoreSchemaField]
+
+_CORE_SCHEMA_FIELD_TYPES = {'typed-dict-field', 'dataclass-field', 'model-field', 'computed-field'}
+_FUNCTION_WITH_INNER_SCHEMA_TYPES = {'function-before', 'function-after', 'function-wrap'}
+_LIST_LIKE_SCHEMA_WITH_ITEMS_TYPES = {'list', 'set', 'frozenset'}
+
+
+def is_core_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchemaOrField,
+) -> TypeGuard[CoreSchema]:
+    return schema['type'] not in _CORE_SCHEMA_FIELD_TYPES
+
+
+def is_core_schema_field(
+    schema: CoreSchemaOrField,
+) -> TypeGuard[CoreSchemaField]:
+    return schema['type'] in _CORE_SCHEMA_FIELD_TYPES
+
+
+def is_function_with_inner_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchemaOrField,
+) -> TypeGuard[FunctionSchemaWithInnerSchema]:
+    return schema['type'] in _FUNCTION_WITH_INNER_SCHEMA_TYPES
+
+
+def is_list_like_schema_with_items_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+) -> TypeGuard[core_schema.ListSchema | core_schema.SetSchema | core_schema.FrozenSetSchema]:
+    return schema['type'] in _LIST_LIKE_SCHEMA_WITH_ITEMS_TYPES
+
+
+def get_type_ref(type_: Any, args_override: tuple[type[Any], ...] | None = None) -> str:
+    """Produces the ref to be used for this type by pydantic_core's core schemas.
+
+    This `args_override` argument was added for the purpose of creating valid recursive references
+    when creating generic models without needing to create a concrete class.
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(type_) or type_
+
+    args = get_args(type_) if is_generic_alias(type_) else (args_override or ())
+    generic_metadata = getattr(type_, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', None)
+    if generic_metadata:
+        origin = generic_metadata['origin'] or origin
+        args = generic_metadata['args'] or args
+
+    module_name = getattr(origin, '__module__', '<No __module__>')
+    if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(origin):
+        type_ref = f'{module_name}.{origin.__name__}:{id(origin)}'
+    else:
+        try:
+            qualname = getattr(origin, '__qualname__', f'<No __qualname__: {origin}>')
+        except Exception:
+            qualname = getattr(origin, '__qualname__', '<No __qualname__>')
+        type_ref = f'{module_name}.{qualname}:{id(origin)}'
+
+    arg_refs: list[str] = []
+    for arg in args:
+        if isinstance(arg, str):
+            # Handle string literals as a special case; we may be able to remove this special handling if we
+            # wrap them in a ForwardRef at some point.
+            arg_ref = f'{arg}:str-{id(arg)}'
+        else:
+            arg_ref = f'{_repr.display_as_type(arg)}:{id(arg)}'
+        arg_refs.append(arg_ref)
+    if arg_refs:
+        type_ref = f'{type_ref}[{",".join(arg_refs)}]'
+    return type_ref
+
+
+def get_ref(s: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> None | str:
+    """Get the ref from the schema if it has one.
+    This exists just for type checking to work correctly.
+    """
+    return s.get('ref', None)
+
+
+def _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(obj: Any, strip_metadata: bool = True) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+    """A utility function to remove irrelevant information from a core schema."""
+    if isinstance(obj, Mapping):
+        new_dct = {}
+        for k, v in obj.items():
+            if k == 'metadata' and strip_metadata:
+                new_metadata = {}
+
+                for meta_k, meta_v in v.items():
+                    if meta_k in ('pydantic_js_functions', 'pydantic_js_annotation_functions'):
+                        new_metadata['js_metadata'] = '<stripped>'
+                    else:
+                        new_metadata[meta_k] = _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(meta_v, strip_metadata=strip_metadata)
+
+                if list(new_metadata.keys()) == ['js_metadata']:
+                    new_metadata = {'<stripped>'}
+
+                new_dct[k] = new_metadata
+            # Remove some defaults:
+            elif k in ('custom_init', 'root_model') and not v:
+                continue
+            else:
+                new_dct[k] = _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(v, strip_metadata=strip_metadata)
+
+        return new_dct
+    elif isinstance(obj, Sequence) and not isinstance(obj, str):
+        return [_clean_schema_for_pretty_print(v, strip_metadata=strip_metadata) for v in obj]
+    else:
+        return obj
+
+
+def pretty_print_core_schema(
+    val: Any,
+    *,
+    console: Console | None = None,
+    max_depth: int | None = None,
+    strip_metadata: bool = True,
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Pretty-print a core schema using the `rich` library.
+
+    Args:
+        val: The core schema to print, or a Pydantic model/dataclass/type adapter
+            (in which case the cached core schema is fetched and printed).
+        console: A rich console to use when printing. Defaults to the global rich console instance.
+        max_depth: The number of nesting levels which may be printed.
+        strip_metadata: Whether to strip metadata in the output. If `True` any known core metadata
+            attributes will be stripped (but custom attributes are kept). Defaults to `True`.
+    """
+    # lazy import:
+    from rich.pretty import pprint
+
+    # circ. imports:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, TypeAdapter
+    from pydantic.dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+
+    if (inspect.isclass(val) and issubclass(val, BaseModel)) or is_pydantic_dataclass(val):
+        val = val.__pydantic_core_schema__
+    if isinstance(val, TypeAdapter):
+        val = val.core_schema
+    cleaned_schema = _clean_schema_for_pretty_print(val, strip_metadata=strip_metadata)
+
+    pprint(cleaned_schema, console=console, max_depth=max_depth)
+
+
+pps = pretty_print_core_schema
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_dataclasses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_dataclasses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f00c8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_dataclasses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+"""Private logic for creating pydantic dataclasses."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import copy
+import dataclasses
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import partial
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Protocol, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import (
+    ArgsKwargs,
+    SchemaSerializer,
+    SchemaValidator,
+    core_schema,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeIs
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from ..fields import FieldInfo
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator, create_schema_validator
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+from . import _config, _decorators
+from ._fields import collect_dataclass_fields
+from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema, InvalidSchemaError
+from ._generics import get_standard_typevars_map
+from ._mock_val_ser import set_dataclass_mocks
+from ._namespace_utils import NsResolver
+from ._signature import generate_pydantic_signature
+from ._utils import LazyClassAttribute
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _typeshed import DataclassInstance as StandardDataclass
+
+    from ..config import ConfigDict
+
+    class PydanticDataclass(StandardDataclass, Protocol):
+        """A protocol containing attributes only available once a class has been decorated as a Pydantic dataclass.
+
+        Attributes:
+            __pydantic_config__: Pydantic-specific configuration settings for the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_complete__: Whether dataclass building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields.
+            __pydantic_core_schema__: The pydantic-core schema used to build the SchemaValidator and SchemaSerializer.
+            __pydantic_decorators__: Metadata containing the decorators defined on the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_fields__: Metadata about the fields defined on the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_serializer__: The pydantic-core SchemaSerializer used to dump instances of the dataclass.
+            __pydantic_validator__: The pydantic-core SchemaValidator used to validate instances of the dataclass.
+        """
+
+        __pydantic_config__: ClassVar[ConfigDict]
+        __pydantic_complete__: ClassVar[bool]
+        __pydantic_core_schema__: ClassVar[core_schema.CoreSchema]
+        __pydantic_decorators__: ClassVar[_decorators.DecoratorInfos]
+        __pydantic_fields__: ClassVar[dict[str, FieldInfo]]
+        __pydantic_serializer__: ClassVar[SchemaSerializer]
+        __pydantic_validator__: ClassVar[SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __pydantic_fields_complete__(cls) -> bool: ...
+
+
+def set_dataclass_fields(
+    cls: type[StandardDataclass],
+    config_wrapper: _config.ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Collect and set `cls.__pydantic_fields__`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting dataclass annotations.
+    """
+    typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(cls)
+    fields = collect_dataclass_fields(
+        cls, ns_resolver=ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map, config_wrapper=config_wrapper
+    )
+
+    cls.__pydantic_fields__ = fields  # type: ignore
+
+
+def complete_dataclass(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    config_wrapper: _config.ConfigWrapper,
+    *,
+    raise_errors: bool = True,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+    _force_build: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Finish building a pydantic dataclass.
+
+    This logic is called on a class which has already been wrapped in `dataclasses.dataclass()`.
+
+    This is somewhat analogous to `pydantic._internal._model_construction.complete_model_class`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+        ns_resolver: The namespace resolver instance to use when collecting dataclass fields
+            and during schema building.
+        _force_build: Whether to force building the dataclass, no matter if
+            [`defer_build`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.defer_build] is set.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if building a pydantic dataclass is successfully completed, `False` otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUndefinedAnnotation: If `raise_error` is `True` and there is an undefined annotations.
+    """
+    original_init = cls.__init__
+
+    # dataclass.__init__ must be defined here so its `__qualname__` can be changed since functions can't be copied,
+    # and so that the mock validator is used if building was deferred:
+    def __init__(__dataclass_self__: PydanticDataclass, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        s = __dataclass_self__
+        s.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(ArgsKwargs(args, kwargs), self_instance=s)
+
+    __init__.__qualname__ = f'{cls.__qualname__}.__init__'
+
+    cls.__init__ = __init__  # type: ignore
+    cls.__pydantic_config__ = config_wrapper.config_dict  # type: ignore
+
+    set_dataclass_fields(cls, config_wrapper=config_wrapper, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+    if not _force_build and config_wrapper.defer_build:
+        set_dataclass_mocks(cls)
+        return False
+
+    if hasattr(cls, '__post_init_post_parse__'):
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Support for `__post_init_post_parse__` has been dropped, the method will not be called',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        )
+
+    typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(cls)
+    gen_schema = GenerateSchema(
+        config_wrapper,
+        ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
+        typevars_map=typevars_map,
+    )
+
+    # set __signature__ attr only for the class, but not for its instances
+    # (because instances can define `__call__`, and `inspect.signature` shouldn't
+    # use the `__signature__` attribute and instead generate from `__call__`).
+    cls.__signature__ = LazyClassAttribute(
+        '__signature__',
+        partial(
+            generate_pydantic_signature,
+            # It's important that we reference the `original_init` here,
+            # as it is the one synthesized by the stdlib `dataclass` module:
+            init=original_init,
+            fields=cls.__pydantic_fields__,  # type: ignore
+            validate_by_name=config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+            extra=config_wrapper.extra,
+            is_dataclass=True,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.generate_schema(cls)
+    except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation as e:
+        if raise_errors:
+            raise
+        set_dataclass_mocks(cls, f'`{e.name}`')
+        return False
+
+    core_config = config_wrapper.core_config(title=cls.__name__)
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(schema)
+    except InvalidSchemaError:
+        set_dataclass_mocks(cls)
+        return False
+
+    # We are about to set all the remaining required properties expected for this cast;
+    # __pydantic_decorators__ and __pydantic_fields__ should already be set
+    cls = cast('type[PydanticDataclass]', cls)
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = schema
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = create_schema_validator(
+        schema, cls, cls.__module__, cls.__qualname__, 'dataclass', core_config, config_wrapper.plugin_settings
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(schema, core_config)
+    cls.__pydantic_complete__ = True
+    return True
+
+
+def is_stdlib_dataclass(cls: type[Any], /) -> TypeIs[type[StandardDataclass]]:
+    """Returns `True` if the class is a stdlib dataclass and *not* a Pydantic dataclass.
+
+    Unlike the stdlib `dataclasses.is_dataclass()` function, this does *not* include subclasses
+    of a dataclass that are themselves not dataclasses.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the class is a stdlib dataclass, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    return '__dataclass_fields__' in cls.__dict__ and not hasattr(cls, '__pydantic_validator__')
+
+
+def as_dataclass_field(pydantic_field: FieldInfo) -> dataclasses.Field[Any]:
+    field_args: dict[str, Any] = {'default': pydantic_field}
+
+    # Needed because if `doc` is set, the dataclass slots will be a dict (field name -> doc) instead of a tuple:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and pydantic_field.description is not None:
+        field_args['doc'] = pydantic_field.description
+
+    # Needed as the stdlib dataclass module processes kw_only in a specific way during class construction:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) and pydantic_field.kw_only is not None:
+        field_args['kw_only'] = pydantic_field.kw_only
+
+    # Needed as the stdlib dataclass modules generates `__repr__()` during class construction:
+    if pydantic_field.repr is not True:
+        field_args['repr'] = pydantic_field.repr
+
+    return dataclasses.field(**field_args)
+
+
+DcFields: TypeAlias = dict[str, dataclasses.Field[Any]]
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def patch_base_fields(cls: type[Any]) -> Generator[None]:
+    """Temporarily patch the stdlib dataclasses bases of `cls` if the Pydantic `Field()` function is used.
+
+    When creating a Pydantic dataclass, it is possible to inherit from stdlib dataclasses, where
+    the Pydantic `Field()` function is used. To create this Pydantic dataclass, we first apply
+    the stdlib `@dataclass` decorator on it. During the construction of the stdlib dataclass,
+    the `kw_only` and `repr` field arguments need to be understood by the stdlib *during* the
+    dataclass construction. To do so, we temporarily patch the fields dictionary of the affected
+    bases.
+
+    For instance, with the following example:
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    import dataclasses as stdlib_dc
+
+    import pydantic
+    import pydantic.dataclasses as pydantic_dc
+
+    @stdlib_dc.dataclass
+    class A:
+        a: int = pydantic.Field(repr=False)
+
+    # Notice that the `repr` attribute of the dataclass field is `True`:
+    A.__dataclass_fields__['a']
+    #> dataclass.Field(default=FieldInfo(repr=False), repr=True, ...)
+
+    @pydantic_dc.dataclass
+    class B(A):
+        b: int = pydantic.Field(repr=False)
+    ```
+
+    When passing `B` to the stdlib `@dataclass` decorator, it will look for fields in the parent classes
+    and reuse them directly. When this context manager is active, `A` will be temporarily patched to be
+    equivalent to:
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    @stdlib_dc.dataclass
+    class A:
+        a: int = stdlib_dc.field(default=Field(repr=False), repr=False)
+    ```
+
+    !!! note
+        This is only applied to the bases of `cls`, and not `cls` itself. The reason is that the Pydantic
+        dataclass decorator "owns" `cls` (in the previous example, `B`). As such, we instead modify the fields
+        directly (in the previous example, we simply do `setattr(B, 'b', as_dataclass_field(pydantic_field))`).
+
+    !!! note
+        This approach is far from ideal, and can probably be the source of unwanted side effects/race conditions.
+        The previous implemented approach was mutating the `__annotations__` dict of `cls`, which is no longer a
+        safe operation in Python 3.14+, and resulted in unexpected behavior with field ordering anyway.
+    """
+    # A list of two-tuples, the first element being a reference to the
+    # dataclass fields dictionary, the second element being a mapping between
+    # the field names that were modified, and their original `Field`:
+    original_fields_list: list[tuple[DcFields, DcFields]] = []
+
+    for base in cls.__mro__[1:]:
+        dc_fields: dict[str, dataclasses.Field[Any]] = base.__dict__.get('__dataclass_fields__', {})
+        dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults = {
+            field_name: field
+            for field_name, field in dc_fields.items()
+            if isinstance(field.default, FieldInfo)
+            # Only do the patching if one of the affected attributes is set:
+            and (field.default.description is not None or field.default.kw_only or field.default.repr is not True)
+        }
+        if dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults:
+            original_fields_list.append((dc_fields, dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults))
+            for field_name, field in dc_fields_with_pydantic_field_defaults.items():
+                default = cast(FieldInfo, field.default)
+                # `dataclasses.Field` isn't documented as working with `copy.copy()`.
+                # It is a class with `__slots__`, so should work (and we hope for the best):
+                new_dc_field = copy.copy(field)
+                # For base fields, no need to set `doc` from `FieldInfo.description`, this is only relevant
+                # for the class under construction and handled in `as_dataclass_field()`.
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) and default.kw_only:
+                    new_dc_field.kw_only = True
+                if default.repr is not True:
+                    new_dc_field.repr = default.repr
+                dc_fields[field_name] = new_dc_field
+
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        for fields, original_fields in original_fields_list:
+            for field_name, original_field in original_fields.items():
+                fields[field_name] = original_field
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24ad2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,873 @@
+"""Logic related to validators applied to models etc. via the `@field_validator` and `@model_validator` decorators."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import types
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from copy import copy
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from functools import cached_property, partial, partialmethod
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature, isdatadescriptor, ismethoddescriptor
+from itertools import islice
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, PydanticUndefinedType, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, is_typeddict
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ._core_utils import get_type_ref
+from ._internal_dataclass import slots_true
+from ._namespace_utils import GlobalsNamespace, MappingNamespace
+from ._typing_extra import get_function_type_hints, signature_no_eval
+from ._utils import can_be_positional
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+    from ..functional_validators import FieldValidatorModes
+    from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class ValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@validator'.
+        fields: A tuple of field names the validator should be called on.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+        each_item: For complex objects (sets, lists etc.) whether to validate individual
+            elements rather than the whole object.
+        always: Whether this method and other validators should be called even if the value is missing.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@validator'
+
+    fields: tuple[str, ...]
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after']
+    each_item: bool
+    always: bool
+    check_fields: bool | None
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@field_validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@field_validator'.
+        fields: A tuple of field names the validator should be called on.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type of the function. This is only used to generate
+            the appropriate JSON Schema (in validation mode) and can only specified
+            when `mode` is either `'before'`, `'plain'` or `'wrap'`.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@field_validator'
+
+    fields: tuple[str, ...]
+    mode: FieldValidatorModes
+    check_fields: bool | None
+    json_schema_input_type: Any
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class RootValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@root_validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@root_validator'.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@root_validator'
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after']
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@field_serializer` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@field_serializer'.
+        fields: A tuple of field names the serializer should be called on.
+        mode: The proposed serializer mode.
+        return_type: The type of the serializer's return value.
+        when_used: The serialization condition. Accepts a string with values `'always'`, `'unless-none'`, `'json'`,
+            and `'json-unless-none'`.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@field_serializer'
+    fields: tuple[str, ...]
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']
+    return_type: Any
+    when_used: core_schema.WhenUsed
+    check_fields: bool | None
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@model_serializer` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@model_serializer'.
+        mode: The proposed serializer mode.
+        return_type: The type of the serializer's return value.
+        when_used: The serialization condition. Accepts a string with values `'always'`, `'unless-none'`, `'json'`,
+            and `'json-unless-none'`.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@model_serializer'
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']
+    return_type: Any
+    when_used: core_schema.WhenUsed
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@model_validator` so that we can access it
+    while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@model_validator'.
+        mode: The proposed serializer mode.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@model_validator'
+    mode: Literal['wrap', 'before', 'after']
+
+
+DecoratorInfo: TypeAlias = """Union[
+    ValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    RootValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    ComputedFieldInfo,
+]"""
+
+ReturnType = TypeVar('ReturnType')
+DecoratedType: TypeAlias = (
+    'Union[classmethod[Any, Any, ReturnType], staticmethod[Any, ReturnType], Callable[..., ReturnType], property]'
+)
+
+
+@dataclass  # can't use slots here since we set attributes on `__post_init__`
+class PydanticDescriptorProxy(Generic[ReturnType]):
+    """Wrap a classmethod, staticmethod, property or unbound function
+    and act as a descriptor that allows us to detect decorated items
+    from the class' attributes.
+
+    This class' __get__ returns the wrapped item's __get__ result,
+    which makes it transparent for classmethods and staticmethods.
+
+    Attributes:
+        wrapped: The decorator that has to be wrapped.
+        decorator_info: The decorator info.
+        shim: A wrapper function to wrap V1 style function.
+    """
+
+    wrapped: DecoratedType[ReturnType]
+    decorator_info: DecoratorInfo
+    shim: Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]] | None = None
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        for attr in 'setter', 'deleter':
+            if hasattr(self.wrapped, attr):
+                f = partial(self._call_wrapped_attr, name=attr)
+                setattr(self, attr, f)
+
+    def _call_wrapped_attr(self, func: Callable[[Any], None], *, name: str) -> PydanticDescriptorProxy[ReturnType]:
+        self.wrapped = getattr(self.wrapped, name)(func)
+        if isinstance(self.wrapped, property):
+            # update ComputedFieldInfo.wrapped_property
+            from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+
+            if isinstance(self.decorator_info, ComputedFieldInfo):
+                self.decorator_info.wrapped_property = self.wrapped
+        return self
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: object | None, obj_type: type[object] | None = None) -> PydanticDescriptorProxy[ReturnType]:
+        try:
+            return self.wrapped.__get__(obj, obj_type)  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        except AttributeError:
+            # not a descriptor, e.g. a partial object
+            return self.wrapped  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def __set_name__(self, instance: Any, name: str) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self.wrapped, '__set_name__'):
+            self.wrapped.__set_name__(instance, name)  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str, /) -> Any:
+        """Forward checks for __isabstractmethod__ and such."""
+        return getattr(self.wrapped, name)
+
+
+DecoratorInfoType = TypeVar('DecoratorInfoType', bound=DecoratorInfo)
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class Decorator(Generic[DecoratorInfoType]):
+    """A generic container class to join together the decorator metadata
+    (metadata from decorator itself, which we have when the
+    decorator is called but not when we are building the core-schema)
+    and the bound function (which we have after the class itself is created).
+
+    Attributes:
+        cls_ref: The class ref.
+        cls_var_name: The decorated function name.
+        func: The decorated function.
+        shim: A wrapper function to wrap V1 style function.
+        info: The decorator info.
+    """
+
+    cls_ref: str
+    cls_var_name: str
+    func: Callable[..., Any]
+    shim: Callable[[Any], Any] | None
+    info: DecoratorInfoType
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build(
+        cls_: Any,
+        *,
+        cls_var_name: str,
+        shim: Callable[[Any], Any] | None,
+        info: DecoratorInfoType,
+    ) -> Decorator[DecoratorInfoType]:
+        """Build a new decorator.
+
+        Args:
+            cls_: The class.
+            cls_var_name: The decorated function name.
+            shim: A wrapper function to wrap V1 style function.
+            info: The decorator info.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new decorator instance.
+        """
+        func = get_attribute_from_bases(cls_, cls_var_name)
+        if shim is not None:
+            func = shim(func)
+        func = unwrap_wrapped_function(func, unwrap_partial=False)
+        if not callable(func):
+            # TODO most likely this branch can be removed when we drop support for Python 3.12:
+            # This branch will get hit for classmethod properties
+            attribute = get_attribute_from_base_dicts(cls_, cls_var_name)  # prevents the binding call to `__get__`
+            if isinstance(attribute, PydanticDescriptorProxy):
+                func = unwrap_wrapped_function(attribute.wrapped)
+        return Decorator(
+            cls_ref=get_type_ref(cls_),
+            cls_var_name=cls_var_name,
+            func=func,
+            shim=shim,
+            info=info,
+        )
+
+    def bind_to_cls(self, cls: Any) -> Decorator[DecoratorInfoType]:
+        """Bind the decorator to a class.
+
+        Args:
+            cls: the class.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new decorator instance.
+        """
+        return self.build(
+            cls,
+            cls_var_name=self.cls_var_name,
+            shim=self.shim,
+            info=copy(self.info),
+        )
+
+
+def get_bases(tp: type[Any]) -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    """Get the base classes of a class or typeddict.
+
+    Args:
+        tp: The type or class to get the bases.
+
+    Returns:
+        The base classes.
+    """
+    if is_typeddict(tp):
+        return tp.__orig_bases__  # type: ignore
+    try:
+        return tp.__bases__
+    except AttributeError:
+        return ()
+
+
+def mro(tp: type[Any]) -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    """Calculate the Method Resolution Order of bases using the C3 algorithm.
+
+    See https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/
+    """
+    # try to use the existing mro, for performance mainly
+    # but also because it helps verify the implementation below
+    if not is_typeddict(tp):
+        try:
+            return tp.__mro__
+        except AttributeError:
+            # GenericAlias and some other cases
+            pass
+
+    bases = get_bases(tp)
+    return (tp,) + mro_for_bases(bases)
+
+
+def mro_for_bases(bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    def merge_seqs(seqs: list[deque[type[Any]]]) -> Iterable[type[Any]]:
+        while True:
+            non_empty = [seq for seq in seqs if seq]
+            if not non_empty:
+                # Nothing left to process, we're done.
+                return
+            candidate: type[Any] | None = None
+            for seq in non_empty:  # Find merge candidates among seq heads.
+                candidate = seq[0]
+                not_head = [s for s in non_empty if candidate in islice(s, 1, None)]
+                if not_head:
+                    # Reject the candidate.
+                    candidate = None
+                else:
+                    break
+            if not candidate:
+                raise TypeError('Inconsistent hierarchy, no C3 MRO is possible')
+            yield candidate
+            for seq in non_empty:
+                # Remove candidate.
+                if seq[0] == candidate:
+                    seq.popleft()
+
+    seqs = [deque(mro(base)) for base in bases] + [deque(bases)]
+    return tuple(merge_seqs(seqs))
+
+
+_sentinel = object()
+
+
+def get_attribute_from_bases(tp: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...], name: str) -> Any:
+    """Get the attribute from the next class in the MRO that has it,
+    aiming to simulate calling the method on the actual class.
+
+    The reason for iterating over the mro instead of just getting
+    the attribute (which would do that for us) is to support TypedDict,
+    which lacks a real __mro__, but can have a virtual one constructed
+    from its bases (as done here).
+
+    Args:
+        tp: The type or class to search for the attribute. If a tuple, this is treated as a set of base classes.
+        name: The name of the attribute to retrieve.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: The attribute value, if found.
+
+    Raises:
+        AttributeError: If the attribute is not found in any class in the MRO.
+    """
+    if isinstance(tp, tuple):
+        for base in mro_for_bases(tp):
+            attribute = base.__dict__.get(name, _sentinel)
+            if attribute is not _sentinel:
+                attribute_get = getattr(attribute, '__get__', None)
+                if attribute_get is not None:
+                    return attribute_get(None, tp)
+                return attribute
+        raise AttributeError(f'{name} not found in {tp}')
+    else:
+        try:
+            return getattr(tp, name)
+        except AttributeError:
+            return get_attribute_from_bases(mro(tp), name)
+
+
+def get_attribute_from_base_dicts(tp: type[Any], name: str) -> Any:
+    """Get an attribute out of the `__dict__` following the MRO.
+    This prevents the call to `__get__` on the descriptor, and allows
+    us to get the original function for classmethod properties.
+
+    Args:
+        tp: The type or class to search for the attribute.
+        name: The name of the attribute to retrieve.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: The attribute value, if found.
+
+    Raises:
+        KeyError: If the attribute is not found in any class's `__dict__` in the MRO.
+    """
+    for base in reversed(mro(tp)):
+        if name in base.__dict__:
+            return base.__dict__[name]
+    return tp.__dict__[name]  # raise the error
+
+
+@dataclass(**slots_true)
+class DecoratorInfos:
+    """Mapping of name in the class namespace to decorator info.
+
+    note that the name in the class namespace is the function or attribute name
+    not the field name!
+    """
+
+    validators: dict[str, Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    field_validators: dict[str, Decorator[FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    root_validators: dict[str, Decorator[RootValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    field_serializers: dict[str, Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    model_serializers: dict[str, Decorator[ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    model_validators: dict[str, Decorator[ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    computed_fields: dict[str, Decorator[ComputedFieldInfo]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        typ: type[Any],
+        # Default to `True` for backwards compatibility:
+        replace_wrapped_methods: bool = True,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a `DecoratorInfos` instance for the given model, dataclass or `TypedDict` type.
+
+        Decorators from parent classes are included, including "bare" classes (e.g. if `typ`
+        is a Pydantic model, non Pydantic parent model classes are also taken into account).
+        The collection of the decorators happens by respecting the MRO.
+
+        If one of the bases has an `__pydantic_decorators__` attribute set, it is assumed to be
+        a `DecoratorInfos` instance and is used as-is. The `__pydantic_decorators__` attribute
+        is *not* being set on the provided `typ`.
+
+        Args:
+            typ: The model, dataclass or `TypedDict` type to use when building the `DecoratorInfos` instance.
+            replace_wrapped_methods: Whether to replace the decorator's wrapped methods on `typ`.
+                This is useful e.g. for field validators which are initially class methods. This should
+                only be set to `True` if `typ` is a Pydantic model or dataclass (otherwise this results
+                in mutations of classes Pydantic doesn't "own").
+        """
+        # reminder: dicts are ordered and replacement does not alter the order
+        res = cls()
+        # Iterate over the bases, without the actual `typ`.
+        # `1:-1` because we don't need to include `object`/`TypedDict`:
+        for base in reversed(mro(typ)[1:-1]):
+            existing: DecoratorInfos | None = base.__dict__.get('__pydantic_decorators__')
+            if existing is None:
+                existing, _ = _decorator_infos_for_class(base, collect_to_replace=False)
+            res.validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.validators.items()})
+            res.field_validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.field_validators.items()})
+            res.root_validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.root_validators.items()})
+            res.field_serializers.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.field_serializers.items()})
+            res.model_serializers.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.model_serializers.items()})
+            res.model_validators.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.model_validators.items()})
+            res.computed_fields.update({k: v.bind_to_cls(typ) for k, v in existing.computed_fields.items()})
+
+        decorator_infos, to_replace = _decorator_infos_for_class(typ, collect_to_replace=True)
+
+        res.validators.update(decorator_infos.validators)
+        res.field_validators.update(decorator_infos.field_validators)
+        res.root_validators.update(decorator_infos.root_validators)
+        res.field_serializers.update(decorator_infos.field_serializers)
+        res.model_serializers.update(decorator_infos.model_serializers)
+        res.model_validators.update(decorator_infos.model_validators)
+        res.computed_fields.update(decorator_infos.computed_fields)
+
+        if replace_wrapped_methods and to_replace:
+            for name, value in to_replace:
+                setattr(typ, name, value)
+
+        res._validate()
+        return res
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        seen: set[str] = set()
+        for field_ser in self.field_serializers.values():
+            for f_name in field_ser.info.fields:
+                if f_name in seen:
+                    raise PydanticUserError(
+                        f'Multiple field serializer functions were defined for field {f_name!r}, this is not allowed.',
+                        code='multiple-field-serializers',
+                    )
+                seen.add(f_name)
+
+    def update_from_config(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper) -> None:
+        """Update the decorator infos from the configuration of the class they are attached to."""
+        for name, computed_field_dec in self.computed_fields.items():
+            computed_field_dec.info._update_from_config(config_wrapper, name)
+
+
+def _decorator_infos_for_class(
+    typ: type[Any],
+    *,
+    collect_to_replace: bool,
+) -> tuple[DecoratorInfos, list[tuple[str, Any]]]:
+    """Collect a `DecoratorInfos` for class, without looking into bases."""
+    res = DecoratorInfos()
+    to_replace: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+
+    for var_name, var_value in vars(typ).items():
+        if isinstance(var_value, PydanticDescriptorProxy):
+            info = var_value.decorator_info
+            if isinstance(info, ValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info)
+            elif isinstance(info, FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.field_validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, RootValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.root_validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo):
+                res.field_serializers[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo):
+                res.model_validators[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            elif isinstance(info, ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo):
+                res.model_serializers[var_name] = Decorator.build(
+                    typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=var_value.shim, info=info
+                )
+            else:
+                from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+
+                isinstance(var_value, ComputedFieldInfo)
+                res.computed_fields[var_name] = Decorator.build(typ, cls_var_name=var_name, shim=None, info=info)
+            if collect_to_replace:
+                to_replace.append((var_name, var_value.wrapped))
+
+    return res, to_replace
+
+
+def inspect_validator(
+    validator: Callable[..., Any], *, mode: FieldValidatorModes, type: Literal['field', 'model']
+) -> bool:
+    """Look at a field or model validator function and determine whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: The validator function to inspect.
+        mode: The proposed validator mode.
+        type: The type of validator, either 'field' or 'model'.
+
+    Returns:
+        Whether the validator takes an info argument.
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = signature_no_eval(validator)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no info argument is present:
+        return False
+    n_positional = count_positional_required_params(sig)
+    if mode == 'wrap':
+        if n_positional == 3:
+            return True
+        elif n_positional == 2:
+            return False
+    else:
+        assert mode in {'before', 'after', 'plain'}, f"invalid mode: {mode!r}, expected 'before', 'after' or 'plain"
+        if n_positional == 2:
+            return True
+        elif n_positional == 1:
+            return False
+
+    raise PydanticUserError(
+        f'Unrecognized {type} validator function signature for {validator} with `mode={mode}`: {sig}',
+        code='validator-signature',
+    )
+
+
+def inspect_field_serializer(serializer: Callable[..., Any], mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
+    """Look at a field serializer function and determine if it is a field serializer,
+    and whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        serializer: The serializer function to inspect.
+        mode: The serializer mode, either 'plain' or 'wrap'.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (is_field_serializer, info_arg).
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = signature_no_eval(serializer)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no info argument is present and this is not a method:
+        return (False, False)
+
+    first = next(iter(sig.parameters.values()), None)
+    is_field_serializer = first is not None and first.name == 'self'
+
+    n_positional = count_positional_required_params(sig)
+    if is_field_serializer:
+        # -1 to correct for self parameter
+        info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, n_positional - 1)
+    else:
+        info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, n_positional)
+
+    if info_arg is None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unrecognized field_serializer function signature for {serializer} with `mode={mode}`:{sig}',
+            code='field-serializer-signature',
+        )
+
+    return is_field_serializer, info_arg
+
+
+def inspect_annotated_serializer(serializer: Callable[..., Any], mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']) -> bool:
+    """Look at a serializer function used via `Annotated` and determine whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        serializer: The serializer function to check.
+        mode: The serializer mode, either 'plain' or 'wrap'.
+
+    Returns:
+        info_arg
+    """
+    try:
+        sig = signature_no_eval(serializer)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no info argument is present:
+        return False
+    info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, count_positional_required_params(sig))
+    if info_arg is None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unrecognized field_serializer function signature for {serializer} with `mode={mode}`:{sig}',
+            code='field-serializer-signature',
+        )
+    else:
+        return info_arg
+
+
+def inspect_model_serializer(serializer: Callable[..., Any], mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap']) -> bool:
+    """Look at a model serializer function and determine whether it takes an info argument.
+
+    An error is raised if the function has an invalid signature.
+
+    Args:
+        serializer: The serializer function to check.
+        mode: The serializer mode, either 'plain' or 'wrap'.
+
+    Returns:
+        `info_arg` - whether the function expects an info argument.
+    """
+    if isinstance(serializer, (staticmethod, classmethod)) or not is_instance_method_from_sig(serializer):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            '`@model_serializer` must be applied to instance methods', code='model-serializer-instance-method'
+        )
+
+    sig = signature_no_eval(serializer)
+    info_arg = _serializer_info_arg(mode, count_positional_required_params(sig))
+    if info_arg is None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unrecognized model_serializer function signature for {serializer} with `mode={mode}`:{sig}',
+            code='model-serializer-signature',
+        )
+    else:
+        return info_arg
+
+
+def _serializer_info_arg(mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap'], n_positional: int) -> bool | None:
+    if mode == 'plain':
+        if n_positional == 1:
+            # (input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+            return False
+        elif n_positional == 2:
+            # (model: Any, input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+            return True
+    else:
+        assert mode == 'wrap', f"invalid mode: {mode!r}, expected 'plain' or 'wrap'"
+        if n_positional == 2:
+            # (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+            return False
+        elif n_positional == 3:
+            # (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+            return True
+
+    return None
+
+
+AnyDecoratorCallable: TypeAlias = (
+    'Union[classmethod[Any, Any, Any], staticmethod[Any, Any], partialmethod[Any], Callable[..., Any]]'
+)
+
+
+def is_instance_method_from_sig(function: AnyDecoratorCallable) -> bool:
+    """Whether the function is an instance method.
+
+    It will consider a function as instance method if the first parameter of
+    function is `self`.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the function is an instance method, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    sig = signature_no_eval(unwrap_wrapped_function(function))
+    first = next(iter(sig.parameters.values()), None)
+    if first and first.name == 'self':
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(function: AnyDecoratorCallable) -> Any:
+    """Apply the `@classmethod` decorator on the function.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to apply the decorator on.
+
+    Return:
+        The `@classmethod` decorator applied function.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(
+        unwrap_wrapped_function(function, unwrap_class_static_method=False), classmethod
+    ) and _is_classmethod_from_sig(function):
+        return classmethod(function)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    return function
+
+
+def _is_classmethod_from_sig(function: AnyDecoratorCallable) -> bool:
+    sig = signature_no_eval(unwrap_wrapped_function(function))
+    first = next(iter(sig.parameters.values()), None)
+    if first and first.name == 'cls':
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def unwrap_wrapped_function(
+    func: Any,
+    *,
+    unwrap_partial: bool = True,
+    unwrap_class_static_method: bool = True,
+) -> Any:
+    """Recursively unwraps a wrapped function until the underlying function is reached.
+    This handles property, functools.partial, functools.partialmethod, staticmethod, and classmethod.
+
+    Args:
+        func: The function to unwrap.
+        unwrap_partial: If True (default), unwrap partial and partialmethod decorators.
+        unwrap_class_static_method: If True (default), also unwrap classmethod and staticmethod
+            decorators. If False, only unwrap partial and partialmethod decorators.
+
+    Returns:
+        The underlying function of the wrapped function.
+    """
+    # Define the types we want to check against as a single tuple.
+    unwrap_types = (
+        (property, cached_property)
+        + ((partial, partialmethod) if unwrap_partial else ())
+        + ((staticmethod, classmethod) if unwrap_class_static_method else ())
+    )
+
+    while isinstance(func, unwrap_types):
+        if unwrap_class_static_method and isinstance(func, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+            func = func.__func__
+        elif isinstance(func, (partial, partialmethod)):
+            func = func.func
+        elif isinstance(func, property):
+            func = func.fget  # arbitrary choice, convenient for computed fields
+        else:
+            # Make coverage happy as it can only get here in the last possible case
+            assert isinstance(func, cached_property)
+            func = func.func  # type: ignore
+
+    return func
+
+
+_function_like = (
+    partial,
+    partialmethod,
+    types.FunctionType,
+    types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+    types.MethodType,
+    types.WrapperDescriptorType,
+    types.MethodWrapperType,
+    types.MemberDescriptorType,
+)
+
+
+def get_callable_return_type(
+    callable_obj: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> Any | PydanticUndefinedType:
+    """Get the callable return type.
+
+    Args:
+        callable_obj: The callable to analyze.
+        globalns: The globals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+        localns: The locals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+
+    Returns:
+        The function return type.
+    """
+    if isinstance(callable_obj, type):
+        # types are callables, and we assume the return type
+        # is the type itself (e.g. `int()` results in an instance of `int`).
+        return callable_obj
+
+    if not isinstance(callable_obj, _function_like):
+        call_func = getattr(type(callable_obj), '__call__', None)  # noqa: B004
+        if call_func is not None:
+            callable_obj = call_func
+
+    hints = get_function_type_hints(
+        unwrap_wrapped_function(callable_obj),
+        include_keys={'return'},
+        globalns=globalns,
+        localns=localns,
+    )
+    return hints.get('return', PydanticUndefined)
+
+
+def count_positional_required_params(sig: Signature) -> int:
+    """Get the number of positional (required) arguments of a signature.
+
+    This function should only be used to inspect signatures of validation and serialization functions.
+    The first argument (the value being serialized or validated) is counted as a required argument
+    even if a default value exists.
+
+    Returns:
+        The number of positional arguments of a signature.
+    """
+    parameters = list(sig.parameters.values())
+    return sum(
+        1
+        for param in parameters
+        if can_be_positional(param)
+        # First argument is the value being validated/serialized, and can have a default value
+        # (e.g. `float`, which has signature `(x=0, /)`). We assume other parameters (the info arg
+        # for instance) should be required, and thus without any default value.
+        and (param.default is Parameter.empty or param is parameters[0])
+    )
+
+
+def ensure_property(f: Any) -> Any:
+    """Ensure that a function is a `property` or `cached_property`, or is a valid descriptor.
+
+    Args:
+        f: The function to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        The function, or a `property` or `cached_property` instance wrapping the function.
+    """
+    if ismethoddescriptor(f) or isdatadescriptor(f):
+        return f
+    else:
+        return property(f)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators_v1.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators_v1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3427377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_decorators_v1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Logic for V1 validators, e.g. `@validator` and `@root_validator`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from inspect import Parameter, signature
+from typing import Any, Union, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Protocol
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ._utils import can_be_positional
+
+
+class V1OnlyValueValidator(Protocol):
+    """A simple validator, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithValues(Protocol):
+    """A validator with `values` argument, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnly(Protocol):
+    """A validator with keyword only `values` argument, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, *, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithKwargs(Protocol):
+    """A validator with `kwargs` argument, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargs(Protocol):
+    """A validator with `values` and `kwargs` arguments, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __value: Any, values: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+
+V1Validator = Union[
+    V1ValidatorWithValues, V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnly, V1ValidatorWithKwargs, V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargs
+]
+
+
+def can_be_keyword(param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    return param.kind in (Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY)
+
+
+def make_generic_v1_field_validator(validator: V1Validator) -> core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction:
+    """Wrap a V1 style field validator for V2 compatibility.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: The V1 style field validator.
+
+    Returns:
+        A wrapped V2 style field validator.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError: If the signature is not supported or the parameters are
+            not available in Pydantic V2.
+    """
+    sig = signature(validator)
+
+    needs_values_kw = False
+
+    for param_num, (param_name, parameter) in enumerate(sig.parameters.items()):
+        if can_be_keyword(parameter) and param_name in ('field', 'config'):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'The `field` and `config` parameters are not available in Pydantic V2, '
+                'please use the `info` parameter instead.',
+                code='validator-field-config-info',
+            )
+        if parameter.kind is Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            needs_values_kw = True
+        elif can_be_keyword(parameter) and param_name == 'values':
+            needs_values_kw = True
+        elif can_be_positional(parameter) and param_num == 0:
+            # value
+            continue
+        elif parameter.default is Parameter.empty:  # ignore params with defaults e.g. bound by functools.partial
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Unsupported signature for V1 style validator {validator}: {sig} is not supported.',
+                code='validator-v1-signature',
+            )
+
+    if needs_values_kw:
+        # (v, **kwargs), (v, values, **kwargs), (v, *, values, **kwargs) or (v, *, values)
+        val1 = cast(V1ValidatorWithValues, validator)
+
+        def wrapper1(value: Any, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Any:
+            return val1(value, values=info.data)
+
+        return wrapper1
+    else:
+        val2 = cast(V1OnlyValueValidator, validator)
+
+        def wrapper2(value: Any, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Any:
+            return val2(value)
+
+        return wrapper2
+
+
+RootValidatorValues = dict[str, Any]
+# technically tuple[model_dict, model_extra, fields_set] | tuple[dataclass_dict, init_vars]
+RootValidatorFieldsTuple = tuple[Any, ...]
+
+
+class V1RootValidatorFunction(Protocol):
+    """A simple root validator, supported for V1 validators and V2 validators."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __values: RootValidatorValues) -> RootValidatorValues: ...
+
+
+class V2CoreBeforeRootValidator(Protocol):
+    """V2 validator with mode='before'."""
+
+    def __call__(self, __values: RootValidatorValues, __info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> RootValidatorValues: ...
+
+
+class V2CoreAfterRootValidator(Protocol):
+    """V2 validator with mode='after'."""
+
+    def __call__(
+        self, __fields_tuple: RootValidatorFieldsTuple, __info: core_schema.ValidationInfo
+    ) -> RootValidatorFieldsTuple: ...
+
+
+def make_v1_generic_root_validator(
+    validator: V1RootValidatorFunction, pre: bool
+) -> V2CoreBeforeRootValidator | V2CoreAfterRootValidator:
+    """Wrap a V1 style root validator for V2 compatibility.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: The V1 style field validator.
+        pre: Whether the validator is a pre validator.
+
+    Returns:
+        A wrapped V2 style validator.
+    """
+    if pre is True:
+        # mode='before' for pydantic-core
+        def _wrapper1(values: RootValidatorValues, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> RootValidatorValues:
+            return validator(values)
+
+        return _wrapper1
+
+    # mode='after' for pydantic-core
+    def _wrapper2(fields_tuple: RootValidatorFieldsTuple, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> RootValidatorFieldsTuple:
+        if len(fields_tuple) == 2:
+            # dataclass, this is easy
+            values, init_vars = fields_tuple
+            values = validator(values)
+            return values, init_vars
+        else:
+            # ugly hack: to match v1 behaviour, we merge values and model_extra, then split them up based on fields
+            # afterwards
+            model_dict, model_extra, fields_set = fields_tuple
+            if model_extra:
+                fields = set(model_dict.keys())
+                model_dict.update(model_extra)
+                model_dict_new = validator(model_dict)
+                for k in list(model_dict_new.keys()):
+                    if k not in fields:
+                        model_extra[k] = model_dict_new.pop(k)
+            else:
+                model_dict_new = validator(model_dict)
+            return model_dict_new, model_extra, fields_set
+
+    return _wrapper2
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_discriminated_union.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_discriminated_union.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc52f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_discriminated_union.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Hashable, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, core_schema
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from . import _core_utils
+from ._core_utils import (
+    CoreSchemaField,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..types import Discriminator
+    from ._core_metadata import CoreMetadata
+
+
+class MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(Exception):
+    """Raised when applying a discriminated union discriminator to a schema
+    requires a definition that is not yet defined
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ref: str) -> None:
+        self.ref = ref
+        super().__init__(f'Missing definition for ref {self.ref!r}')
+
+
+def set_discriminator_in_metadata(schema: CoreSchema, discriminator: Any) -> None:
+    metadata = cast('CoreMetadata', schema.setdefault('metadata', {}))
+    metadata['pydantic_internal_union_discriminator'] = discriminator
+
+
+def apply_discriminator(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    discriminator: str | Discriminator,
+    definitions: dict[str, core_schema.CoreSchema] | None = None,
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Applies the discriminator and returns a new core schema.
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The input schema.
+        discriminator: The name of the field which will serve as the discriminator.
+        definitions: A mapping of schema ref to schema.
+
+    Returns:
+        The new core schema.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError:
+            - If `discriminator` is used with invalid union variant.
+            - If `discriminator` is used with `Union` type with one variant.
+            - If `discriminator` value mapped to multiple choices.
+        MissingDefinitionForUnionRef:
+            If the definition for ref is missing.
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If a model in union doesn't have a discriminator field.
+            - If discriminator field has a non-string alias.
+            - If discriminator fields have different aliases.
+            - If discriminator field not of type `Literal`.
+    """
+    from ..types import Discriminator
+
+    if isinstance(discriminator, Discriminator):
+        if isinstance(discriminator.discriminator, str):
+            discriminator = discriminator.discriminator
+        else:
+            return discriminator._convert_schema(schema)
+
+    return _ApplyInferredDiscriminator(discriminator, definitions or {}).apply(schema)
+
+
+class _ApplyInferredDiscriminator:
+    """This class is used to convert an input schema containing a union schema into one where that union is
+    replaced with a tagged-union, with all the associated debugging and performance benefits.
+
+    This is done by:
+    * Validating that the input schema is compatible with the provided discriminator
+    * Introspecting the schema to determine which discriminator values should map to which union choices
+    * Handling various edge cases such as 'definitions', 'default', 'nullable' schemas, and more
+
+    I have chosen to implement the conversion algorithm in this class, rather than a function,
+    to make it easier to maintain state while recursively walking the provided CoreSchema.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, discriminator: str, definitions: dict[str, core_schema.CoreSchema]):
+        # `discriminator` should be the name of the field which will serve as the discriminator.
+        # It must be the python name of the field, and *not* the field's alias. Note that as of now,
+        # all members of a discriminated union _must_ use a field with the same name as the discriminator.
+        # This may change if/when we expose a way to manually specify the TaggedUnionSchema's choices.
+        self.discriminator = discriminator
+
+        # `definitions` should contain a mapping of schema ref to schema for all schemas which might
+        # be referenced by some choice
+        self.definitions = definitions
+
+        # `_discriminator_alias` will hold the value, if present, of the alias for the discriminator
+        #
+        # Note: following the v1 implementation, we currently disallow the use of different aliases
+        # for different choices. This is not a limitation of pydantic_core, but if we try to handle
+        # this, the inference logic gets complicated very quickly, and could result in confusing
+        # debugging challenges for users making subtle mistakes.
+        #
+        # Rather than trying to do the most powerful inference possible, I think we should eventually
+        # expose a way to more-manually control the way the TaggedUnionSchema is constructed through
+        # the use of a new type which would be placed as an Annotation on the Union type. This would
+        # provide the full flexibility/power of pydantic_core's TaggedUnionSchema where necessary for
+        # more complex cases, without over-complicating the inference logic for the common cases.
+        self._discriminator_alias: str | None = None
+
+        # `_should_be_nullable` indicates whether the converted union has `None` as an allowed value.
+        # If `None` is an acceptable value of the (possibly-wrapped) union, we ignore it while
+        # constructing the TaggedUnionSchema, but set the `_should_be_nullable` attribute to True.
+        # Once we have constructed the TaggedUnionSchema, if `_should_be_nullable` is True, we ensure
+        # that the final schema gets wrapped as a NullableSchema. This has the same semantics on the
+        # python side, but resolves the issue that `None` cannot correspond to any discriminator values.
+        self._should_be_nullable = False
+
+        # `_is_nullable` is used to track if the final produced schema will definitely be nullable;
+        # we set it to True if the input schema is wrapped in a nullable schema that we know will be preserved
+        # as an indication that, even if None is discovered as one of the union choices, we will not need to wrap
+        # the final value in another nullable schema.
+        #
+        # This is more complicated than just checking for the final outermost schema having type 'nullable' thanks
+        # to the possible presence of other wrapper schemas such as DefinitionsSchema, WithDefaultSchema, etc.
+        self._is_nullable = False
+
+        # `_choices_to_handle` serves as a stack of choices to add to the tagged union. Initially, choices
+        # from the union in the wrapped schema will be appended to this list, and the recursive choice-handling
+        # algorithm may add more choices to this stack as (nested) unions are encountered.
+        self._choices_to_handle: list[core_schema.CoreSchema] = []
+
+        # `_tagged_union_choices` is built during the call to `apply`, and will hold the choices to be included
+        # in the output TaggedUnionSchema that will replace the union from the input schema
+        self._tagged_union_choices: dict[Hashable, core_schema.CoreSchema] = {}
+
+        # `_used` is changed to True after applying the discriminator to prevent accidental reuse
+        self._used = False
+
+    def apply(self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Return a new CoreSchema based on `schema` that uses a tagged-union with the discriminator provided
+        to this class.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The input schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new core schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError:
+                - If `discriminator` is used with invalid union variant.
+                - If `discriminator` is used with `Union` type with one variant.
+                - If `discriminator` value mapped to multiple choices.
+            ValueError:
+                If the definition for ref is missing.
+            PydanticUserError:
+                - If a model in union doesn't have a discriminator field.
+                - If discriminator field has a non-string alias.
+                - If discriminator fields have different aliases.
+                - If discriminator field not of type `Literal`.
+        """
+        assert not self._used
+        schema = self._apply_to_root(schema)
+        if self._should_be_nullable and not self._is_nullable:
+            schema = core_schema.nullable_schema(schema)
+        self._used = True
+        return schema
+
+    def _apply_to_root(self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """This method handles the outer-most stage of recursion over the input schema:
+        unwrapping nullable or definitions schemas, and calling the `_handle_choice`
+        method iteratively on the choices extracted (recursively) from the possibly-wrapped union.
+        """
+        if schema['type'] == 'nullable':
+            self._is_nullable = True
+            wrapped = self._apply_to_root(schema['schema'])
+            nullable_wrapper = schema.copy()
+            nullable_wrapper['schema'] = wrapped
+            return nullable_wrapper
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+            wrapped = self._apply_to_root(schema['schema'])
+            definitions_wrapper = schema.copy()
+            definitions_wrapper['schema'] = wrapped
+            return definitions_wrapper
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            schema_ref = schema['schema_ref']
+            if schema_ref not in self.definitions:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(schema_ref)
+
+            def_schema = self.definitions[schema_ref]
+            # If using a referenceable union as discriminated (e.g. `type Pet = Cat | Dog; field: Pet = Field(discriminator=...)`):
+            if def_schema['type'] == 'union':
+                schema = def_schema.copy()
+                schema.pop('ref')
+
+        if schema['type'] != 'union':
+            # If the schema is not a union, it probably means it just had a single member and
+            # was flattened by pydantic_core.
+            # However, it still may make sense to apply the discriminator to this schema,
+            # as a way to get discriminated-union-style error messages, so we allow this here.
+            schema = core_schema.union_schema([schema])
+
+        # Reverse the choices list before extending the stack so that they get handled in the order they occur
+        choices_schemas = [v[0] if isinstance(v, tuple) else v for v in schema['choices'][::-1]]
+        self._choices_to_handle.extend(choices_schemas)
+        while self._choices_to_handle:
+            choice = self._choices_to_handle.pop()
+            self._handle_choice(choice)
+
+        if self._discriminator_alias is not None and self._discriminator_alias != self.discriminator:
+            # * We need to annotate `discriminator` as a union here to handle both branches of this conditional
+            # * We need to annotate `discriminator` as list[list[str | int]] and not list[list[str]] due to the
+            #   invariance of list, and because list[list[str | int]] is the type of the discriminator argument
+            #   to tagged_union_schema below
+            # * See the docstring of pydantic_core.core_schema.tagged_union_schema for more details about how to
+            #   interpret the value of the discriminator argument to tagged_union_schema. (The list[list[str]] here
+            #   is the appropriate way to provide a list of fallback attributes to check for a discriminator value.)
+            discriminator: str | list[list[str | int]] = [[self.discriminator], [self._discriminator_alias]]
+        else:
+            discriminator = self.discriminator
+        return core_schema.tagged_union_schema(
+            choices=self._tagged_union_choices,
+            discriminator=discriminator,
+            custom_error_type=schema.get('custom_error_type'),
+            custom_error_message=schema.get('custom_error_message'),
+            custom_error_context=schema.get('custom_error_context'),
+            strict=False,
+            from_attributes=True,
+            ref=schema.get('ref'),
+            metadata=schema.get('metadata'),
+            serialization=schema.get('serialization'),
+        )
+
+    def _handle_choice(self, choice: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> None:
+        """This method handles the "middle" stage of recursion over the input schema.
+        Specifically, it is responsible for handling each choice of the outermost union
+        (and any "coalesced" choices obtained from inner unions).
+
+        Here, "handling" entails:
+        * Coalescing nested unions and compatible tagged-unions
+        * Tracking the presence of 'none' and 'nullable' schemas occurring as choices
+        * Validating that each allowed discriminator value maps to a unique choice
+        * Updating the _tagged_union_choices mapping that will ultimately be used to build the TaggedUnionSchema.
+        """
+        if choice['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            if choice['schema_ref'] not in self.definitions:
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(choice['schema_ref'])
+
+        if choice['type'] == 'none':
+            self._should_be_nullable = True
+        elif choice['type'] == 'definitions':
+            self._handle_choice(choice['schema'])
+        elif choice['type'] == 'nullable':
+            self._should_be_nullable = True
+            self._handle_choice(choice['schema'])  # unwrap the nullable schema
+        elif choice['type'] == 'union':
+            # Reverse the choices list before extending the stack so that they get handled in the order they occur
+            choices_schemas = [v[0] if isinstance(v, tuple) else v for v in choice['choices'][::-1]]
+            self._choices_to_handle.extend(choices_schemas)
+        elif choice['type'] not in {
+            'model',
+            'typed-dict',
+            'tagged-union',
+            'lax-or-strict',
+            'dataclass',
+            'dataclass-args',
+            'definition-ref',
+        } and not _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(choice):
+            # We should eventually handle 'definition-ref' as well
+            err_str = f'The core schema type {choice["type"]!r} is not a valid discriminated union variant.'
+            if choice['type'] == 'list':
+                err_str += (
+                    ' If you are making use of a list of union types, make sure the discriminator is applied to the '
+                    'union type and not the list (e.g. `list[Annotated[<T> | <U>, Field(discriminator=...)]]`).'
+                )
+            raise TypeError(err_str)
+        else:
+            if choice['type'] == 'tagged-union' and self._is_discriminator_shared(choice):
+                # In this case, this inner tagged-union is compatible with the outer tagged-union,
+                # and its choices can be coalesced into the outer TaggedUnionSchema.
+                subchoices = [x for x in choice['choices'].values() if not isinstance(x, (str, int))]
+                # Reverse the choices list before extending the stack so that they get handled in the order they occur
+                self._choices_to_handle.extend(subchoices[::-1])
+                return
+
+            inferred_discriminator_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice, source_name=None)
+            self._set_unique_choice_for_values(choice, inferred_discriminator_values)
+
+    def _is_discriminator_shared(self, choice: core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema) -> bool:
+        """This method returns a boolean indicating whether the discriminator for the `choice`
+        is the same as that being used for the outermost tagged union. This is used to
+        determine whether this TaggedUnionSchema choice should be "coalesced" into the top level,
+        or whether it should be treated as a separate (nested) choice.
+        """
+        inner_discriminator = choice['discriminator']
+        return inner_discriminator == self.discriminator or (
+            isinstance(inner_discriminator, list)
+            and (self.discriminator in inner_discriminator or [self.discriminator] in inner_discriminator)
+        )
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(  # noqa C901
+        self, choice: core_schema.CoreSchema, source_name: str | None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        """This function recurses over `choice`, extracting all discriminator values that should map to this choice.
+
+        `model_name` is accepted for the purpose of producing useful error messages.
+        """
+        if choice['type'] == 'definitions':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(choice):
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'lax-or-strict':
+            return sorted(
+                set(
+                    self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['lax_schema'], source_name=None)
+                    + self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['strict_schema'], source_name=None)
+                )
+            )
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'tagged-union':
+            values: list[str | int] = []
+            # Ignore str/int "choices" since these are just references to other choices
+            subchoices = [x for x in choice['choices'].values() if not isinstance(x, (str, int))]
+            for subchoice in subchoices:
+                subchoice_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(subchoice, source_name=None)
+                values.extend(subchoice_values)
+            return values
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'union':
+            values = []
+            for subchoice in choice['choices']:
+                subchoice_schema = subchoice[0] if isinstance(subchoice, tuple) else subchoice
+                subchoice_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(subchoice_schema, source_name=None)
+                values.extend(subchoice_values)
+            return values
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'nullable':
+            self._should_be_nullable = True
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=None)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'model':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=choice['cls'].__name__)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'dataclass':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(choice['schema'], source_name=choice['cls'].__name__)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'model-fields':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_model_choice(choice, source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'dataclass-args':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_dataclass_choice(choice, source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'typed-dict':
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_typed_dict_choice(choice, source_name=source_name)
+
+        elif choice['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            schema_ref = choice['schema_ref']
+            if schema_ref not in self.definitions:
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(schema_ref)
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_choice(self.definitions[schema_ref], source_name=source_name)
+        else:
+            err_str = f'The core schema type {choice["type"]!r} is not a valid discriminated union variant.'
+            if choice['type'] == 'list':
+                err_str += (
+                    ' If you are making use of a list of union types, make sure the discriminator is applied to the '
+                    'union type and not the list (e.g. `list[Annotated[<T> | <U>, Field(discriminator=...)]]`).'
+                )
+            raise TypeError(err_str)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_typed_dict_choice(
+        self, choice: core_schema.TypedDictSchema, source_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        """This method just extracts the _infer_discriminator_values_for_choice logic specific to TypedDictSchema
+        for the sake of readability.
+        """
+        source = 'TypedDict' if source_name is None else f'TypedDict {source_name!r}'
+        field = choice['fields'].get(self.discriminator)
+        if field is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs a discriminator field for key {self.discriminator!r}', code='discriminator-no-field'
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_field(field, source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_model_choice(
+        self, choice: core_schema.ModelFieldsSchema, source_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        source = 'ModelFields' if source_name is None else f'Model {source_name!r}'
+        field = choice['fields'].get(self.discriminator)
+        if field is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs a discriminator field for key {self.discriminator!r}', code='discriminator-no-field'
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_field(field, source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_dataclass_choice(
+        self, choice: core_schema.DataclassArgsSchema, source_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        source = 'DataclassArgs' if source_name is None else f'Dataclass {source_name!r}'
+        for field in choice['fields']:
+            if field['name'] == self.discriminator:
+                break
+        else:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs a discriminator field for key {self.discriminator!r}', code='discriminator-no-field'
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_field(field, source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_field(self, field: CoreSchemaField, source: str) -> list[str | int]:
+        if field['type'] == 'computed-field':
+            # This should never occur as a discriminator, as it is only relevant to serialization
+            return []
+        alias = field.get('validation_alias', self.discriminator)
+        if not isinstance(alias, str):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Alias {alias!r} is not supported in a discriminated union', code='discriminator-alias-type'
+            )
+        if self._discriminator_alias is None:
+            self._discriminator_alias = alias
+        elif self._discriminator_alias != alias:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Aliases for discriminator {self.discriminator!r} must be the same '
+                f'(got {alias}, {self._discriminator_alias})',
+                code='discriminator-alias',
+            )
+        return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(field['schema'], source)
+
+    def _infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(
+        self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, source: str
+    ) -> list[str | int]:
+        """When inferring discriminator values for a field, we typically extract the expected values from a literal
+        schema. This function does that, but also handles nested unions and defaults.
+        """
+        if schema['type'] == 'literal':
+            return schema['expected']
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'union':
+            # Generally when multiple values are allowed they should be placed in a single `Literal`, but
+            # we add this case to handle the situation where a field is annotated as a `Union` of `Literal`s.
+            # For example, this lets us handle `Union[Literal['key'], Union[Literal['Key'], Literal['KEY']]]`
+            values: list[Any] = []
+            for choice in schema['choices']:
+                choice_schema = choice[0] if isinstance(choice, tuple) else choice
+                choice_values = self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(choice_schema, source)
+                values.extend(choice_values)
+            return values
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'default':
+            # This will happen if the field has a default value; we ignore it while extracting the discriminator values
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(schema['schema'], source)
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'function-after':
+            # After validators don't affect the discriminator values
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(schema['schema'], source)
+
+        elif schema['type'] == 'model' and schema.get('root_model'):
+            # Support RootModel[Literal[...]] as discriminator field type
+            return self._infer_discriminator_values_for_inner_schema(schema['schema'], source)
+
+        elif schema['type'] in {'function-before', 'function-wrap', 'function-plain'}:
+            validator_type = repr(schema['type'].split('-')[1])
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Cannot use a mode={validator_type} validator in the'
+                f' discriminator field {self.discriminator!r} of {source}',
+                code='discriminator-validator',
+            )
+
+        else:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'{source} needs field {self.discriminator!r} to be of type `Literal`',
+                code='discriminator-needs-literal',
+            )
+
+    def _set_unique_choice_for_values(self, choice: core_schema.CoreSchema, values: Sequence[str | int]) -> None:
+        """This method updates `self.tagged_union_choices` so that all provided (discriminator) `values` map to the
+        provided `choice`, validating that none of these values already map to another (different) choice.
+        """
+        for discriminator_value in values:
+            if discriminator_value in self._tagged_union_choices:
+                # It is okay if `value` is already in tagged_union_choices as long as it maps to the same value.
+                # Because tagged_union_choices may map values to other values, we need to walk the choices dict
+                # until we get to a "real" choice, and confirm that is equal to the one assigned.
+                existing_choice = self._tagged_union_choices[discriminator_value]
+                if existing_choice != choice:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f'Value {discriminator_value!r} for discriminator '
+                        f'{self.discriminator!r} mapped to multiple choices'
+                    )
+            else:
+                self._tagged_union_choices[discriminator_value] = choice
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_docs_extraction.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_docs_extraction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df77bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_docs_extraction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""Utilities related to attribute docstring extraction."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import inspect
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class DocstringVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.target: str | None = None
+        self.attrs: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.previous_node_type: type[ast.AST] | None = None
+
+    def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> Any:
+        node_result = super().visit(node)
+        self.previous_node_type = type(node)
+        return node_result
+
+    def visit_AnnAssign(self, node: ast.AnnAssign) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(node.target, ast.Name):
+            self.target = node.target.id
+
+    def visit_Expr(self, node: ast.Expr) -> Any:
+        if (
+            isinstance(node.value, ast.Constant)
+            and isinstance(node.value.value, str)
+            and self.previous_node_type is ast.AnnAssign
+        ):
+            docstring = inspect.cleandoc(node.value.value)
+            if self.target:
+                self.attrs[self.target] = docstring
+            self.target = None
+
+
+def _dedent_source_lines(source: list[str]) -> str:
+    # Required for nested class definitions, e.g. in a function block
+    dedent_source = textwrap.dedent(''.join(source))
+    if dedent_source.startswith((' ', '\t')):
+        # We are in the case where there's a dedented (usually multiline) string
+        # at a lower indentation level than the class itself. We wrap our class
+        # in a function as a workaround.
+        dedent_source = f'def dedent_workaround():\n{dedent_source}'
+    return dedent_source
+
+
+def _extract_source_from_frame(cls: type[Any]) -> list[str] | None:
+    frame = inspect.currentframe()
+
+    while frame:
+        if inspect.getmodule(frame) is inspect.getmodule(cls):
+            lnum = frame.f_lineno
+            try:
+                lines, _ = inspect.findsource(frame)
+            except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # Source can't be retrieved (maybe because running in an interactive terminal),
+                # we don't want to error here.
+                pass
+            else:
+                block_lines = inspect.getblock(lines[lnum - 1 :])
+                dedent_source = _dedent_source_lines(block_lines)
+                try:
+                    block_tree = ast.parse(dedent_source)
+                except SyntaxError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    stmt = block_tree.body[0]
+                    if isinstance(stmt, ast.FunctionDef) and stmt.name == 'dedent_workaround':
+                        # `_dedent_source_lines` wrapped the class around the workaround function
+                        stmt = stmt.body[0]
+                    if isinstance(stmt, ast.ClassDef) and stmt.name == cls.__name__:
+                        return block_lines
+
+        frame = frame.f_back
+
+
+def extract_docstrings_from_cls(cls: type[Any], use_inspect: bool = False) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Map model attributes and their corresponding docstring.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class of the Pydantic model to inspect.
+        use_inspect: Whether to skip usage of frames to find the object and use
+            the `inspect` module instead.
+
+    Returns:
+        A mapping containing attribute names and their corresponding docstring.
+    """
+    if use_inspect or sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        # On Python < 3.13, `inspect.getsourcelines()` might not work as expected
+        # if two classes have the same name in the same source file.
+        # On Python 3.13+, it will use the new `__firstlineno__` class attribute,
+        # making it way more robust.
+        try:
+            source, _ = inspect.getsourcelines(cls)
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return {}
+    else:
+        # TODO remove this implementation when we drop support for Python 3.12:
+        source = _extract_source_from_frame(cls)
+
+    if not source:
+        return {}
+
+    dedent_source = _dedent_source_lines(source)
+
+    visitor = DocstringVisitor()
+    visitor.visit(ast.parse(dedent_source))
+    return visitor.attrs
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_fields.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a2a96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+"""Private logic related to fields (the `Field()` function and `FieldInfo` class), and arguments to `Annotated`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from functools import cache
+from inspect import Parameter, ismethoddescriptor
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import TypeIs
+from typing_inspection.introspection import AnnotationSource
+
+from pydantic import PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticUserError
+
+from ..aliases import AliasGenerator
+from . import _generics, _typing_extra
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+from ._docs_extraction import extract_docstrings_from_cls
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model, import_cached_field_info
+from ._internal_dataclass import slots_true
+from ._namespace_utils import NsResolver
+from ._repr import Representation
+from ._utils import can_be_positional, get_first_not_none
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from annotated_types import BaseMetadata
+
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass, StandardDataclass
+    from ._decorators import DecoratorInfos
+
+
+class PydanticMetadata(Representation):
+    """Base class for annotation markers like `Strict`."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**slots_true)  # TODO: make kw_only when we drop support for 3.9.
+class PydanticExtraInfo:
+    # TODO: make use of PEP 747:
+    annotation: Any
+    complete: bool
+
+
+def pydantic_general_metadata(**metadata: Any) -> BaseMetadata:
+    """Create a new `_PydanticGeneralMetadata` class with the given metadata.
+
+    Args:
+        **metadata: The metadata to add.
+
+    Returns:
+        The new `_PydanticGeneralMetadata` class.
+    """
+    return _general_metadata_cls()(metadata)  # type: ignore
+
+
+@cache
+def _general_metadata_cls() -> type[BaseMetadata]:
+    """Do it this way to avoid importing `annotated_types` at import time."""
+    from annotated_types import BaseMetadata
+
+    class _PydanticGeneralMetadata(PydanticMetadata, BaseMetadata):
+        """Pydantic general metadata like `max_digits`."""
+
+        def __init__(self, metadata: Any):
+            self.__dict__ = metadata
+
+    return _PydanticGeneralMetadata  # type: ignore
+
+
+def _check_protected_namespaces(
+    protected_namespaces: tuple[str | Pattern[str], ...],
+    ann_name: str,
+    bases: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+    cls_name: str,
+) -> None:
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    for protected_namespace in protected_namespaces:
+        ns_violation = False
+        if isinstance(protected_namespace, Pattern):
+            ns_violation = protected_namespace.match(ann_name) is not None
+        elif isinstance(protected_namespace, str):
+            ns_violation = ann_name.startswith(protected_namespace)
+
+        if ns_violation:
+            for b in bases:
+                if hasattr(b, ann_name):
+                    if not (issubclass(b, BaseModel) and ann_name in getattr(b, '__pydantic_fields__', {})):
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            f'Field {ann_name!r} conflicts with member {getattr(b, ann_name)}'
+                            f' of protected namespace {protected_namespace!r}.'
+                        )
+            else:
+                valid_namespaces: list[str] = []
+                for pn in protected_namespaces:
+                    if isinstance(pn, Pattern):
+                        if not pn.match(ann_name):
+                            valid_namespaces.append(f're.compile({pn.pattern!r})')
+                    else:
+                        if not ann_name.startswith(pn):
+                            valid_namespaces.append(f"'{pn}'")
+
+                valid_namespaces_str = f'({", ".join(valid_namespaces)}{",)" if len(valid_namespaces) == 1 else ")"}'
+
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Field {ann_name!r} in {cls_name!r} conflicts with protected namespace {protected_namespace!r}.\n\n'
+                    f"You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to {valid_namespaces_str}.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=5,
+                )
+
+
+def _update_fields_from_docstrings(cls: type[Any], fields: dict[str, FieldInfo], use_inspect: bool = False) -> None:
+    fields_docs = extract_docstrings_from_cls(cls, use_inspect=use_inspect)
+    for ann_name, field_info in fields.items():
+        if field_info.description is None and ann_name in fields_docs:
+            field_info.description = fields_docs[ann_name]
+
+
+def _apply_field_title_generator_to_field_info(
+    title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str],
+    field_name: str,
+    field_info: FieldInfo,
+):
+    if field_info.title is None:
+        title = title_generator(field_name, field_info)
+        if not isinstance(title, str):
+            raise TypeError(f'field_title_generator {title_generator} must return str, not {title.__class__}')
+
+        field_info.title = title
+
+
+def _apply_alias_generator_to_field_info(
+    alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator, field_name: str, field_info: FieldInfo
+):
+    """Apply an alias generator to aliases on a `FieldInfo` instance if appropriate.
+
+    Args:
+        alias_generator: A callable that takes a string and returns a string, or an `AliasGenerator` instance.
+        field_name: The name of the field from which to generate the alias.
+        field_info: The `FieldInfo` instance to which the alias generator is (maybe) applied.
+    """
+    # Apply an alias_generator if
+    # 1. An alias is not specified
+    # 2. An alias is specified, but the priority is <= 1
+    if (
+        field_info.alias_priority is None
+        or field_info.alias_priority <= 1
+        or field_info.alias is None
+        or field_info.validation_alias is None
+        or field_info.serialization_alias is None
+    ):
+        alias, validation_alias, serialization_alias = None, None, None
+
+        if isinstance(alias_generator, AliasGenerator):
+            alias, validation_alias, serialization_alias = alias_generator.generate_aliases(field_name)
+        elif callable(alias_generator):
+            alias = alias_generator(field_name)
+            if not isinstance(alias, str):
+                raise TypeError(f'alias_generator {alias_generator} must return str, not {alias.__class__}')
+
+        # if priority is not set, we set to 1
+        # which supports the case where the alias_generator from a child class is used
+        # to generate an alias for a field in a parent class
+        if field_info.alias_priority is None or field_info.alias_priority <= 1:
+            field_info.alias_priority = 1
+
+        # if the priority is 1, then we set the aliases to the generated alias
+        if field_info.alias_priority == 1:
+            field_info.serialization_alias = get_first_not_none(serialization_alias, alias)
+            field_info.validation_alias = get_first_not_none(validation_alias, alias)
+            field_info.alias = alias
+
+        # if any of the aliases are not set, then we set them to the corresponding generated alias
+        if field_info.alias is None:
+            field_info.alias = alias
+        if field_info.serialization_alias is None:
+            field_info.serialization_alias = get_first_not_none(serialization_alias, alias)
+        if field_info.validation_alias is None:
+            field_info.validation_alias = get_first_not_none(validation_alias, alias)
+
+
+def update_field_from_config(config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper, field_name: str, field_info: FieldInfo) -> None:
+    """Update the `FieldInfo` instance from the configuration set on the model it belongs to.
+
+    This will apply the title and alias generators from the configuration.
+
+    Args:
+        config_wrapper: The configuration from the model.
+        field_name: The field name the `FieldInfo` instance is attached to.
+        field_info: The `FieldInfo` instance to update.
+    """
+    field_title_generator = field_info.field_title_generator or config_wrapper.field_title_generator
+    if field_title_generator is not None:
+        _apply_field_title_generator_to_field_info(field_title_generator, field_name, field_info)
+    if config_wrapper.alias_generator is not None:
+        _apply_alias_generator_to_field_info(config_wrapper.alias_generator, field_name, field_info)
+
+
+_deprecated_method_names = {'dict', 'json', 'copy', '_iter', '_copy_and_set_values', '_calculate_keys'}
+
+_deprecated_classmethod_names = {
+    'parse_obj',
+    'parse_raw',
+    'parse_file',
+    'from_orm',
+    'construct',
+    'schema',
+    'schema_json',
+    'validate',
+    'update_forward_refs',
+    '_get_value',
+}
+
+
+def collect_model_fields(  # noqa: C901
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    *,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, FieldInfo], PydanticExtraInfo | None, set[str]]:
+    """Collect the fields and class variables names of a nascent Pydantic model.
+
+    The fields collection process is *lenient*, meaning it won't error if string annotations
+    fail to evaluate. If this happens, the original annotation (and assigned value, if any)
+    is stored on the created `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+    The `rebuild_model_fields()` should be called at a later point (e.g. when rebuilding the model),
+    and will make use of these stored attributes.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: BaseModel or dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting model annotations.
+        typevars_map: A dictionary mapping type variables to their concrete types.
+
+    Returns:
+        A three-tuple containing the model fields, the `PydanticExtraInfo` instance if the `__pydantic_extra__` annotation is set,
+        and class variables names.
+
+    Raises:
+        NameError:
+            - If there is a conflict between a field name and protected namespaces.
+            - If there is a field other than `root` in `RootModel`.
+            - If a field shadows an attribute in the parent model.
+    """
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+    BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    bases = cls.__bases__
+    parent_fields_lookup: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    for base in reversed(bases):
+        if model_fields := getattr(base, '__pydantic_fields__', None):
+            parent_fields_lookup.update(model_fields)
+
+    type_hints = _typing_extra.get_model_type_hints(cls, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+    # `cls_annotations` is only used to determine if an annotation comes from a parent class
+    cls_annotations = _typing_extra.safe_get_annotations(cls)
+
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+
+    class_vars: set[str] = set()
+    for ann_name, (ann_type, evaluated) in type_hints.items():
+        if ann_name == 'model_config':
+            # We never want to treat `model_config` as a field
+            # Note: we may need to change this logic if/when we introduce a `BareModel` class with no
+            # protected namespaces (where `model_config` might be allowed as a field name)
+            continue
+
+        _check_protected_namespaces(
+            protected_namespaces=config_wrapper.protected_namespaces,
+            ann_name=ann_name,
+            bases=bases,
+            cls_name=cls.__name__,
+        )
+
+        if _typing_extra.is_classvar_annotation(ann_type):
+            class_vars.add(ann_name)
+            continue
+
+        assigned_value = getattr(cls, ann_name, PydanticUndefined)
+        if assigned_value is not PydanticUndefined and (
+            # One of the deprecated instance methods was used as a field name (e.g. `dict()`):
+            any(getattr(BaseModel_, depr_name, None) is assigned_value for depr_name in _deprecated_method_names)
+            # One of the deprecated class methods was used as a field name (e.g. `schema()`):
+            or (
+                hasattr(assigned_value, '__func__')
+                and any(
+                    getattr(getattr(BaseModel_, depr_name, None), '__func__', None) is assigned_value.__func__  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                    for depr_name in _deprecated_classmethod_names
+                )
+            )
+        ):
+            # Then `assigned_value` would be the method, even though no default was specified:
+            assigned_value = PydanticUndefined
+
+        if not is_valid_field_name(ann_name):
+            continue
+        if cls.__pydantic_root_model__ and ann_name != 'root':
+            raise NameError(
+                f"Unexpected field with name {ann_name!r}; only 'root' is allowed as a field of a `RootModel`"
+            )
+
+        for base in bases:
+            if hasattr(base, ann_name):
+                if ann_name not in cls_annotations:
+                    # Don't warn when a field exists in a parent class but has not been defined in the current class
+                    continue
+
+                # when building a generic model with `MyModel[int]`, the generic_origin check makes sure we don't get
+                # "... shadows an attribute" warnings
+                generic_origin = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', {}).get('origin')
+                if base is generic_origin:
+                    # Don't warn when "shadowing" of attributes in parametrized generics
+                    continue
+
+                dataclass_fields = {
+                    field.name for field in (dataclasses.fields(base) if dataclasses.is_dataclass(base) else ())
+                }
+                if ann_name in dataclass_fields:
+                    # Don't warn when inheriting stdlib dataclasses whose fields are "shadowed" by defaults being set
+                    # on the class instance.
+                    continue
+
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Field name "{ann_name}" in "{cls.__qualname__}" shadows an attribute in parent '
+                    f'"{base.__qualname__}"',
+                    UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=4,
+                )
+
+        if assigned_value is PydanticUndefined:  # no assignment, just a plain annotation
+            if ann_name in cls_annotations or ann_name not in parent_fields_lookup:
+                # field is either:
+                # - present in the current model's annotations (and *not* from parent classes)
+                # - not found on any base classes; this seems to be caused by fields not getting
+                #   generated due to models not being fully defined while initializing recursive models.
+                #   Nothing stops us from just creating a `FieldInfo` for this type hint, so we do this.
+                field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotation(ann_type, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+                field_info._original_annotation = ann_type
+                if not evaluated:
+                    field_info._complete = False
+                    # Store the original annotation that should be used to rebuild
+                    # the field info later:
+            else:
+                # The field was present on one of the (possibly multiple) base classes, we make a copy directly from it.
+                parent_field_info = parent_fields_lookup[ann_name]._copy()
+
+                # The only case where substituting the type variables is relevant (i.e. when `typevars_map` is not empty)
+                # is when a generic class is parameterized (e.g. `MyGenericModel[int, str]`), which creates a new class object
+                # (unlike the stdlib genercis that create a generic alias). In this case, we are guaranteed to only have to copy
+                # from the origin/parent model (e.g. `MyGenericModel`).
+                if typevars_map:
+                    field_info = _recreate_field_info(
+                        parent_field_info, ns_resolver=ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map, lenient=True
+                    )
+                else:
+                    field_info = parent_field_info
+
+        else:  # An assigned value is present (either the default value, or a `Field()` function)
+            if isinstance(assigned_value, FieldInfo_) and ismethoddescriptor(assigned_value.default):
+                # `assigned_value` was fetched using `getattr`, which triggers a call to `__get__`
+                # for descriptors, so we do the same if the `= field(default=...)` form is used.
+                # Note that we only do this for method descriptors for now, we might want to
+                # extend this to any descriptor in the future (by simply checking for
+                # `hasattr(assigned_value.default, '__get__')`).
+                default = assigned_value.default.__get__(None, cls)
+                assigned_value.default = default
+                assigned_value._attributes_set['default'] = default
+
+            field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(ann_type, assigned_value, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+
+            # Store the original annotation and assignment value that could be used to rebuild the field info later.
+            field_info._original_assignment = assigned_value
+            field_info._original_annotation = ann_type
+            if not evaluated:
+                field_info._complete = False
+            elif 'final' in field_info._qualifiers and not field_info.is_required():
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Annotation {ann_name!r} is marked as final and has a default value. Pydantic treats {ann_name!r} as a '
+                    'class variable, but it will be considered as a normal field in V3 to be aligned with dataclasses. If you '
+                    f'still want {ann_name!r} to be considered as a class variable, annotate it as: `ClassVar[<type>] = <default>.`',
+                    category=PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+                    # Incorrect when `create_model` is used, but the chance that final with a default is used is low in that case:
+                    stacklevel=4,
+                )
+                class_vars.add(ann_name)
+                continue
+
+            # attributes which are fields are removed from the class namespace:
+            # 1. To match the behaviour of annotation-only fields
+            # 2. To avoid false positives in the NameError check above
+            try:
+                delattr(cls, ann_name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass  # indicates the attribute was on a parent class
+
+        # Use cls.__dict__['__pydantic_decorators__'] instead of cls.__pydantic_decorators__
+        # to make sure the decorators have already been built for this exact class
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos = cls.__dict__['__pydantic_decorators__']
+        if ann_name in decorators.computed_fields:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Field {ann_name!r} of class {cls.__name__!r} overrides symbol of same name in a parent class. '
+                'This override with a computed_field is incompatible.'
+            )
+        fields[ann_name] = field_info
+
+        if field_info._complete:
+            # If not complete, this will be called in `rebuild_model_fields()`:
+            update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, ann_name, field_info)
+
+    if config_wrapper.use_attribute_docstrings:
+        _update_fields_from_docstrings(cls, fields)
+
+    pydantic_extra_info: PydanticExtraInfo | None = None
+    if '__pydantic_extra__' in type_hints:
+        ann, complete = type_hints['__pydantic_extra__']
+        pydantic_extra_info = PydanticExtraInfo(
+            annotation=ann,
+            complete=complete,
+        )
+
+    return fields, pydantic_extra_info, class_vars
+
+
+def rebuild_model_fields(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    *,
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any],
+) -> tuple[dict[str, FieldInfo], PydanticExtraInfo | None]:
+    """Rebuild the (already present) model fields by trying to reevaluate annotations.
+
+    This function should be called whenever a model with incomplete fields is encountered.
+
+    Returns:
+        A two-tuple, the first element being the rebuilt fields, the second element being
+        the rebuild `PydanticExtraInfo` instance, if available.
+
+    Raises:
+        NameError: If one of the annotations failed to evaluate.
+
+    Note:
+        This function *doesn't* mutate the model fields in place, as it can be called during
+        schema generation, where you don't want to mutate other model's fields.
+    """
+    rebuilt_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    with ns_resolver.push(cls):
+        for f_name, field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+            if field_info._complete:
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = field_info
+            else:
+                new_field = _recreate_field_info(
+                    field_info, ns_resolver=ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map, lenient=False
+                )
+                update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, f_name, new_field)
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = new_field
+
+        if cls.__pydantic_extra_info__ is not None and not cls.__pydantic_extra_info__.complete:
+            rebuilt_extra_info = PydanticExtraInfo(
+                annotation=_typing_extra.eval_type(
+                    cls.__pydantic_extra_info__.annotation, *ns_resolver.types_namespace
+                ),
+                complete=True,
+            )
+        else:
+            rebuilt_extra_info = cls.__pydantic_extra_info__
+
+    return rebuilt_fields, rebuilt_extra_info
+
+
+def _recreate_field_info(
+    field_info: FieldInfo,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any],
+    *,
+    lenient: bool,
+) -> FieldInfo:
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    existing_desc = field_info.description
+    if lenient:
+        ann = _generics.replace_types(field_info._original_annotation, typevars_map)
+        ann, evaluated = _typing_extra.try_eval_type(
+            ann,
+            *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+        )
+    else:
+        # Not the best pattern, maybe we could ship our own `eval_type()`,
+        # that would replace the type variables on the fly during evaluation.
+        ann = _typing_extra.eval_type(
+            field_info._original_annotation,
+            *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+        )
+        ann = _generics.replace_types(ann, typevars_map)
+        ann = _typing_extra.eval_type(
+            ann,
+            *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+        )
+        evaluated = True
+
+    if (assign := field_info._original_assignment) is PydanticUndefined:
+        new_field = FieldInfo_.from_annotation(ann, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+    else:
+        new_field = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(ann, assign, _source=AnnotationSource.CLASS)
+        new_field._original_assignment = assign
+    new_field._original_annotation = ann
+    # The description might come from the docstring if `use_attribute_docstrings` was `True`:
+    new_field.description = new_field.description if new_field.description is not None else existing_desc
+    if not evaluated:
+        new_field._complete = False
+
+    return new_field
+
+
+def collect_dataclass_fields(
+    cls: type[StandardDataclass],
+    *,
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+    typevars_map: dict[Any, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+    """Collect the fields of a dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting dataclass annotations.
+            Defaults to an empty instance.
+        typevars_map: A dictionary mapping type variables to their concrete types.
+
+    Returns:
+        The dataclass fields.
+    """
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+    dataclass_fields = cls.__dataclass_fields__
+
+    # The logic here is similar to `_typing_extra.get_cls_type_hints`,
+    # although we do it manually as stdlib dataclasses already have annotations
+    # collected in each class:
+    for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
+        if not dataclasses.is_dataclass(base):
+            continue
+
+        with ns_resolver.push(base):
+            for ann_name, dataclass_field in dataclass_fields.items():
+                base_anns = _typing_extra.safe_get_annotations(base)
+
+                if ann_name not in base_anns:
+                    # `__dataclass_fields__`contains every field, even the ones from base classes.
+                    # Only collect the ones defined on `base`.
+                    continue
+
+                globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+                ann_type, evaluated = _typing_extra.try_eval_type(dataclass_field.type, globalns, localns)
+
+                if _typing_extra.is_classvar_annotation(ann_type):
+                    continue
+
+                if (
+                    not dataclass_field.init
+                    and dataclass_field.default is dataclasses.MISSING
+                    and dataclass_field.default_factory is dataclasses.MISSING
+                ):
+                    # TODO: We should probably do something with this so that validate_assignment behaves properly
+                    #   Issue: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5470
+                    continue
+
+                if isinstance(dataclass_field.default, FieldInfo_):
+                    if dataclass_field.default.init_var:
+                        if dataclass_field.default.init is False:
+                            raise PydanticUserError(
+                                f'Dataclass field {ann_name} has init=False and init_var=True, but these are mutually exclusive.',
+                                code='clashing-init-and-init-var',
+                            )
+
+                        # TODO: same note as above re validate_assignment
+                        continue
+                    field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(
+                        ann_type, dataclass_field.default, _source=AnnotationSource.DATACLASS
+                    )
+                    field_info._original_assignment = dataclass_field.default
+                else:
+                    field_info = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(
+                        ann_type, dataclass_field, _source=AnnotationSource.DATACLASS
+                    )
+                    field_info._original_assignment = dataclass_field
+
+                if not evaluated:
+                    field_info._complete = False
+                    field_info._original_annotation = ann_type
+
+                fields[ann_name] = field_info
+                update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, ann_name, field_info)
+
+                if field_info.default is not PydanticUndefined and isinstance(
+                    getattr(cls, ann_name, field_info), FieldInfo_
+                ):
+                    # We need this to fix the default when the "default" from __dataclass_fields__ is a pydantic.FieldInfo
+                    setattr(cls, ann_name, field_info.default)
+
+    if typevars_map:
+        for field in fields.values():
+            # We don't pass any ns, as `field.annotation`
+            # was already evaluated. TODO: is this method relevant?
+            # Can't we juste use `_generics.replace_types`?
+            field.apply_typevars_map(typevars_map)
+
+    if config_wrapper.use_attribute_docstrings:
+        _update_fields_from_docstrings(
+            cls,
+            fields,
+            # We can't rely on the (more reliable) frame inspection method
+            # for stdlib dataclasses:
+            use_inspect=not hasattr(cls, '__is_pydantic_dataclass__'),
+        )
+
+    return fields
+
+
+def rebuild_dataclass_fields(
+    cls: type[PydanticDataclass],
+    *,
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any],
+) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+    """Rebuild the (already present) dataclass fields by trying to reevaluate annotations.
+
+    This function should be called whenever a dataclass with incomplete fields is encountered.
+
+    Raises:
+        NameError: If one of the annotations failed to evaluate.
+
+    Note:
+        This function *doesn't* mutate the dataclass fields in place, as it can be called during
+        schema generation, where you don't want to mutate other dataclass's fields.
+    """
+    FieldInfo_ = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    rebuilt_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] = {}
+    with ns_resolver.push(cls):
+        for f_name, field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+            if field_info._complete:
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = field_info
+            else:
+                existing_desc = field_info.description
+                ann = _typing_extra.eval_type(
+                    field_info._original_annotation,
+                    *ns_resolver.types_namespace,
+                )
+                ann = _generics.replace_types(ann, typevars_map)
+                new_field = FieldInfo_.from_annotated_attribute(
+                    ann,
+                    field_info._original_assignment,
+                    _source=AnnotationSource.DATACLASS,
+                )
+
+                # The description might come from the docstring if `use_attribute_docstrings` was `True`:
+                new_field.description = new_field.description if new_field.description is not None else existing_desc
+                update_field_from_config(config_wrapper, f_name, new_field)
+                rebuilt_fields[f_name] = new_field
+
+    return rebuilt_fields
+
+
+def is_valid_field_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return not name.startswith('_')
+
+
+def is_valid_privateattr_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return name.startswith('_') and not name.startswith('__')
+
+
+def takes_validated_data_argument(
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any],
+) -> TypeIs[Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any]]:
+    """Whether the provided default factory callable has a validated data parameter."""
+    try:
+        sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(default_factory)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        # `inspect.signature` might not be able to infer a signature, e.g. with C objects.
+        # In this case, we assume no data argument is present:
+        return False
+
+    parameters = list(sig.parameters.values())
+
+    return len(parameters) == 1 and can_be_positional(parameters[0]) and parameters[0].default is Parameter.empty
+
+
+def resolve_default_value(
+    default: Any,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None,
+    *,
+    validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    call_default_factory: bool = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Resolve the default value using either a static default or a default_factory."""
+    from ._utils import smart_deepcopy
+
+    if default_factory is None:
+        return smart_deepcopy(default)
+    if call_default_factory:
+        if takes_validated_data_argument(default_factory=default_factory):
+            fac = cast('Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any]', default_factory)
+            if validated_data is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "The default factory requires the 'validated_data' argument, which was not provided when calling 'get_default()'."
+                )
+            return fac(validated_data)
+        else:
+            fac = cast('Callable[[], Any]', default_factory)
+            return fac()
+
+    return PydanticUndefined
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_forward_ref.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_forward_ref.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..231f81d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_forward_ref.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Union
+
+
+@dataclass
+class PydanticRecursiveRef:
+    type_ref: str
+
+    __name__ = 'PydanticRecursiveRef'
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+    def __call__(self) -> None:
+        """Defining __call__ is necessary for the `typing` module to let you use an instance of
+        this class as the result of resolving a standard ForwardRef.
+        """
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return Union[self, other]  # type: ignore
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return Union[other, self]  # type: ignore
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generate_schema.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generate_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98fae40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generate_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2934 @@
+"""Convert python types to pydantic-core schema."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+import inspect
+import os
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from copy import copy
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from fractions import Fraction
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import Parameter, _ParameterKind
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from itertools import chain
+from operator import attrgetter
+from types import FunctionType, GenericAlias, LambdaType, MethodType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Final,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import (
+    MISSING,
+    CoreSchema,
+    MultiHostUrl,
+    PydanticCustomError,
+    PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue,
+    PydanticUndefined,
+    Url,
+    core_schema,
+    to_jsonable_python,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeAliasType, get_args, get_origin, is_typeddict
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import AnnotationSource, get_literal_values, is_union_origin
+
+from ..aliases import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from ..annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from ..config import ConfigDict, JsonDict, JsonEncoder, JsonSchemaExtraCallable
+from ..errors import (
+    PydanticForbiddenQualifier,
+    PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema,
+    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
+    PydanticUndefinedAnnotation,
+    PydanticUserError,
+)
+from ..functional_validators import AfterValidator, BeforeValidator, FieldValidatorModes, PlainValidator, WrapValidator
+from ..json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from ..version import version_short
+from ..warnings import (
+    ArbitraryTypeWarning,
+    PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+    TypedDictExtraConfigWarning,
+    UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning,
+)
+from . import _decorators, _discriminated_union, _known_annotated_metadata, _repr, _typing_extra
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper, ConfigWrapperStack
+from ._core_metadata import CoreMetadata, update_core_metadata
+from ._core_utils import (
+    get_ref,
+    get_type_ref,
+    is_list_like_schema_with_items_schema,
+)
+from ._decorators import (
+    Decorator,
+    DecoratorInfos,
+    FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo,
+    ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    RootValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    ValidatorDecoratorInfo,
+    get_attribute_from_bases,
+    inspect_field_serializer,
+    inspect_model_serializer,
+    inspect_validator,
+)
+from ._docs_extraction import extract_docstrings_from_cls
+from ._fields import (
+    collect_dataclass_fields,
+    rebuild_dataclass_fields,
+    rebuild_model_fields,
+    takes_validated_data_argument,
+    update_field_from_config,
+)
+from ._forward_ref import PydanticRecursiveRef
+from ._generics import get_standard_typevars_map, replace_types
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model, import_cached_field_info
+from ._mock_val_ser import MockCoreSchema
+from ._namespace_utils import NamespacesTuple, NsResolver
+from ._schema_gather import MissingDefinitionError, gather_schemas_for_cleaning
+from ._schema_generation_shared import CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler
+from ._utils import lenient_issubclass, smart_deepcopy
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ..types import Discriminator
+    from ._dataclasses import StandardDataclass
+    from ._schema_generation_shared import GetJsonSchemaFunction
+
+_SUPPORTS_TYPEDDICT = sys.version_info >= (3, 12)
+
+FieldDecoratorInfo = Union[ValidatorDecoratorInfo, FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo, FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]
+FieldDecoratorInfoType = TypeVar('FieldDecoratorInfoType', bound=FieldDecoratorInfo)
+AnyFieldDecorator = Union[
+    Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo],
+    Decorator[FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo],
+    Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo],
+]
+
+ModifyCoreSchemaWrapHandler: TypeAlias = GetCoreSchemaHandler
+GetCoreSchemaFunction: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, ModifyCoreSchemaWrapHandler], core_schema.CoreSchema]
+ParametersCallback: TypeAlias = "Callable[[int, str, Any], Literal['skip'] | None]"
+
+TUPLE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Tuple, tuple]  # noqa: UP006
+LIST_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.List, list, collections.abc.MutableSequence]  # noqa: UP006
+SET_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Set, set, collections.abc.MutableSet]  # noqa: UP006
+FROZEN_SET_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.FrozenSet, frozenset, collections.abc.Set]  # noqa: UP006
+DICT_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Dict, dict]  # noqa: UP006
+IP_TYPES: list[type] = [IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network]
+SEQUENCE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Sequence, collections.abc.Sequence]
+ITERABLE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Iterable, collections.abc.Iterable, typing.Generator, collections.abc.Generator]
+TYPE_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Type, type]  # noqa: UP006
+PATTERN_TYPES: list[type] = [typing.Pattern, re.Pattern]
+PATH_TYPES: list[type] = [
+    os.PathLike,
+    pathlib.Path,
+    pathlib.PurePath,
+    pathlib.PosixPath,
+    pathlib.PurePosixPath,
+    pathlib.PureWindowsPath,
+]
+MAPPING_TYPES = [
+    typing.Mapping,
+    typing.MutableMapping,
+    collections.abc.Mapping,
+    collections.abc.MutableMapping,
+    collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing_extensions.OrderedDict,
+    typing.DefaultDict,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.defaultdict,
+]
+COUNTER_TYPES = [collections.Counter, typing.Counter]
+DEQUE_TYPES: list[type] = [collections.deque, typing.Deque]  # noqa: UP006
+
+# Note: This does not play very well with type checkers. For example,
+# `a: LambdaType = lambda x: x` will raise a type error by Pyright.
+ValidateCallSupportedTypes = Union[
+    LambdaType,
+    FunctionType,
+    MethodType,
+    partial,
+]
+
+VALIDATE_CALL_SUPPORTED_TYPES = get_args(ValidateCallSupportedTypes)
+UNSUPPORTED_STANDALONE_FIELDINFO_ATTRIBUTES: list[tuple[str, Any]] = [
+    ('alias', None),
+    ('validation_alias', None),
+    ('serialization_alias', None),
+    # will be set if any alias is set, so disable it to avoid double warnings:
+    # 'alias_priority',
+    ('default', PydanticUndefined),
+    ('default_factory', None),
+    ('exclude', None),
+    ('deprecated', None),
+    ('repr', True),
+    ('validate_default', None),
+    ('frozen', None),
+    ('init', None),
+    ('init_var', None),
+    ('kw_only', None),
+]
+"""`FieldInfo` attributes (and their default value) that can't be used outside of a model (e.g. in a type adapter or a PEP 695 type alias)."""
+
+_mode_to_validator: dict[
+    FieldValidatorModes, type[BeforeValidator | AfterValidator | PlainValidator | WrapValidator]
+] = {'before': BeforeValidator, 'after': AfterValidator, 'plain': PlainValidator, 'wrap': WrapValidator}
+
+
+def check_validator_fields_against_field_name(
+    info: FieldDecoratorInfo,
+    field: str,
+) -> bool:
+    """Check if field name is in validator fields.
+
+    Args:
+        info: The field info.
+        field: The field name to check.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if field name is in validator fields, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    fields = info.fields
+    return '*' in fields or field in fields
+
+
+def check_decorator_fields_exist(decorators: Iterable[AnyFieldDecorator], fields: Iterable[str]) -> None:
+    """Check if the defined fields in decorators exist in `fields` param.
+
+    It ignores the check for a decorator if the decorator has `*` as field or `check_fields=False`.
+
+    Args:
+        decorators: An iterable of decorators.
+        fields: An iterable of fields name.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError: If one of the field names does not exist in `fields` param.
+    """
+    fields = set(fields)
+    for dec in decorators:
+        if '*' in dec.info.fields:
+            continue
+        if dec.info.check_fields is False:
+            continue
+        for field in dec.info.fields:
+            if field not in fields:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Decorators defined with incorrect fields: {dec.cls_ref}.{dec.cls_var_name}'
+                    " (use check_fields=False if you're inheriting from the model and intended this)",
+                    code='decorator-missing-field',
+                )
+
+
+def filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(
+    validator_functions: Iterable[Decorator[FieldDecoratorInfoType]], field: str
+) -> list[Decorator[FieldDecoratorInfoType]]:
+    return [dec for dec in validator_functions if check_validator_fields_against_field_name(dec.info, field)]
+
+
+def apply_each_item_validators(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    each_item_validators: list[Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]],
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    # This V1 compatibility shim should eventually be removed
+
+    # fail early if each_item_validators is empty
+    if not each_item_validators:
+        return schema
+
+    # push down any `each_item=True` validators
+    # note that this won't work for any Annotated types that get wrapped by a function validator
+    # but that's okay because that didn't exist in V1
+    if schema['type'] == 'nullable':
+        schema['schema'] = apply_each_item_validators(schema['schema'], each_item_validators)
+        return schema
+    elif schema['type'] == 'tuple':
+        if (variadic_item_index := schema.get('variadic_item_index')) is not None:
+            schema['items_schema'][variadic_item_index] = apply_validators(
+                schema['items_schema'][variadic_item_index],
+                each_item_validators,
+            )
+    elif is_list_like_schema_with_items_schema(schema):
+        inner_schema = schema.get('items_schema', core_schema.any_schema())
+        schema['items_schema'] = apply_validators(inner_schema, each_item_validators)
+    elif schema['type'] == 'dict':
+        inner_schema = schema.get('values_schema', core_schema.any_schema())
+        schema['values_schema'] = apply_validators(inner_schema, each_item_validators)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f'`@validator(..., each_item=True)` cannot be applied to fields with a schema of {schema["type"]}'
+        )
+    return schema
+
+
+def _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(
+    info: FieldInfo | ComputedFieldInfo,
+) -> tuple[JsonDict | None, JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None]:
+    json_schema_updates = {
+        'title': info.title,
+        'description': info.description,
+        'deprecated': bool(info.deprecated) or info.deprecated == '' or None,
+        'examples': to_jsonable_python(info.examples),
+    }
+    json_schema_updates = {k: v for k, v in json_schema_updates.items() if v is not None}
+    return (json_schema_updates or None, info.json_schema_extra)
+
+
+JsonEncoders = dict[type[Any], JsonEncoder]
+
+
+def _add_custom_serialization_from_json_encoders(
+    json_encoders: JsonEncoders | None, tp: Any, schema: CoreSchema
+) -> CoreSchema:
+    """Iterate over the json_encoders and add the first matching encoder to the schema.
+
+    Args:
+        json_encoders: A dictionary of types and their encoder functions.
+        tp: The type to check for a matching encoder.
+        schema: The schema to add the encoder to.
+    """
+    if not json_encoders:
+        return schema
+    if 'serialization' in schema:
+        return schema
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    # Decimal.__class__.__mro__ (and probably other cases) doesn't include Decimal itself
+    # if the type is a GenericAlias (e.g. from list[int]) we need to use __class__ instead of .__mro__
+    for base in (tp, *getattr(tp, '__mro__', tp.__class__.__mro__)[:-1]):
+        encoder = json_encoders.get(base)
+        if encoder is None:
+            continue
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            f'`json_encoders` is deprecated. See https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/concepts/serialization/#custom-serializers for alternatives',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        )
+
+        # TODO: in theory we should check that the schema accepts a serialization key
+        schema['serialization'] = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(encoder, when_used='json')
+        return schema
+
+    return schema
+
+
+GENERATE_SCHEMA_ERRORS = (
+    PydanticForbiddenQualifier,
+    PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema,
+    PydanticSchemaGenerationError,
+    PydanticUndefinedAnnotation,
+)
+"""Errors raised during core schema generation. This does *not* include `InvalidSchemaError`, which is raised during schema cleaning."""
+
+
+class InvalidSchemaError(Exception):
+    """The core schema is invalid."""
+
+
+class GenerateSchema:
+    """Generate core schema for a Pydantic model, dataclass and types like `str`, `datetime`, ... ."""
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        '_config_wrapper_stack',
+        '_ns_resolver',
+        '_typevars_map',
+        'field_name_stack',
+        'model_type_stack',
+        'defs',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+        ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+        typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # we need a stack for recursing into nested models
+        self._config_wrapper_stack = ConfigWrapperStack(config_wrapper)
+        self._ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+        self._typevars_map = typevars_map
+        self.field_name_stack = _FieldNameStack()
+        self.model_type_stack = _ModelTypeStack()
+        self.defs = _Definitions()
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__()
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Subclassing `GenerateSchema` is not supported. The API is highly subject to change in minor versions.',
+            UserWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def _config_wrapper(self) -> ConfigWrapper:
+        return self._config_wrapper_stack.tail
+
+    @property
+    def _types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        return self._ns_resolver.types_namespace
+
+    @property
+    def _arbitrary_types(self) -> bool:
+        return self._config_wrapper.arbitrary_types_allowed
+
+    # the following methods can be overridden but should be considered
+    # unstable / private APIs
+    def _list_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.list_schema(self.generate_schema(items_type))
+
+    def _dict_schema(self, keys_type: Any, values_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.dict_schema(self.generate_schema(keys_type), self.generate_schema(values_type))
+
+    def _set_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.set_schema(self.generate_schema(items_type))
+
+    def _frozenset_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.frozenset_schema(self.generate_schema(items_type))
+
+    def _enum_schema(self, enum_type: type[Enum]) -> CoreSchema:
+        cases: list[Any] = list(enum_type.__members__.values())
+
+        enum_ref = get_type_ref(enum_type)
+        description = None if not enum_type.__doc__ else inspect.cleandoc(enum_type.__doc__)
+        if (
+            description == 'An enumeration.'
+        ):  # This is the default value provided by enum.EnumMeta.__new__; don't use it
+            description = None
+        js_updates = {'title': enum_type.__name__, 'description': description}
+        js_updates = {k: v for k, v in js_updates.items() if v is not None}
+
+        sub_type: Literal['str', 'int', 'float'] | None = None
+        if issubclass(enum_type, int):
+            sub_type = 'int'
+            value_ser_type: core_schema.SerSchema = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('int')
+        elif issubclass(enum_type, str):
+            # this handles `StrEnum` (3.11 only), and also `Foobar(str, Enum)`
+            sub_type = 'str'
+            value_ser_type = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('str')
+        elif issubclass(enum_type, float):
+            sub_type = 'float'
+            value_ser_type = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('float')
+        else:
+            # TODO this is an ugly hack, how do we trigger an Any schema for serialization?
+            value_ser_type = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(lambda x: x)
+
+        if cases:
+
+            def get_json_schema(schema: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = handler(schema)
+                original_schema = handler.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+                original_schema.update(js_updates)
+                return json_schema
+
+            # we don't want to add the missing to the schema if it's the default one
+            default_missing = getattr(enum_type._missing_, '__func__', None) is Enum._missing_.__func__  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+            enum_schema = core_schema.enum_schema(
+                enum_type,
+                cases,
+                sub_type=sub_type,
+                missing=None if default_missing else enum_type._missing_,
+                ref=enum_ref,
+                metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [get_json_schema]},
+            )
+
+            if self._config_wrapper.use_enum_values:
+                enum_schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                    attrgetter('value'), enum_schema, serialization=value_ser_type
+                )
+
+            return enum_schema
+
+        else:
+
+            def get_json_schema_no_cases(_, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = handler(core_schema.enum_schema(enum_type, cases, sub_type=sub_type, ref=enum_ref))
+                original_schema = handler.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+                original_schema.update(js_updates)
+                return json_schema
+
+            # Use an isinstance check for enums with no cases.
+            # The most important use case for this is creating TypeVar bounds for generics that should
+            # be restricted to enums. This is more consistent than it might seem at first, since you can only
+            # subclass enum.Enum (or subclasses of enum.Enum) if all parent classes have no cases.
+            # We use the get_json_schema function when an Enum subclass has been declared with no cases
+            # so that we can still generate a valid json schema.
+            return core_schema.is_instance_schema(
+                enum_type,
+                metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [get_json_schema_no_cases]},
+            )
+
+    def _ip_schema(self, tp: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        from ._validators import IP_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP, IpType
+
+        ip_type_json_schema_format: dict[type[IpType], str] = {
+            IPv4Address: 'ipv4',
+            IPv4Network: 'ipv4network',
+            IPv4Interface: 'ipv4interface',
+            IPv6Address: 'ipv6',
+            IPv6Network: 'ipv6network',
+            IPv6Interface: 'ipv6interface',
+        }
+
+        def ser_ip(ip: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | IpType:
+            if not isinstance(ip, (tp, str)):
+                raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                    f"Expected `{tp}` but got `{type(ip)}` with value `'{ip}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+                )
+            if info.mode == 'python':
+                return ip
+            return str(ip)
+
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(IP_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP[tp]),
+            strict_schema=core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(tp, core_schema.str_schema()),
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(tp),
+            ),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(ser_ip, info_arg=True, when_used='always'),
+            metadata={
+                'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': ip_type_json_schema_format[tp]}]
+            },
+        )
+
+    def _path_schema(self, tp: Any, path_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        if tp is os.PathLike and (path_type not in {str, bytes} and not typing_objects.is_any(path_type)):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                '`os.PathLike` can only be used with `str`, `bytes` or `Any`', code='schema-for-unknown-type'
+            )
+
+        path_constructor = pathlib.PurePath if tp is os.PathLike else tp
+        strict_inner_schema = (
+            core_schema.bytes_schema(strict=True) if (path_type is bytes) else core_schema.str_schema(strict=True)
+        )
+        lax_inner_schema = core_schema.bytes_schema() if (path_type is bytes) else core_schema.str_schema()
+
+        def path_validator(input_value: str | bytes) -> os.PathLike[Any]:  # type: ignore
+            try:
+                if path_type is bytes:
+                    if isinstance(input_value, bytes):
+                        try:
+                            input_value = input_value.decode()
+                        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+                            raise PydanticCustomError('bytes_type', 'Input must be valid bytes') from e
+                    else:
+                        raise PydanticCustomError('bytes_type', 'Input must be bytes')
+                elif not isinstance(input_value, str):
+                    raise PydanticCustomError('path_type', 'Input is not a valid path')
+
+                return path_constructor(input_value)  # type: ignore
+            except TypeError as e:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('path_type', 'Input is not a valid path') from e
+
+        def ser_path(path: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | os.PathLike[Any]:
+            if not isinstance(path, (tp, str)):
+                raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                    f"Expected `{tp}` but got `{type(path)}` with value `'{path}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+                )
+            if info.mode == 'python':
+                return path
+            return str(path)
+
+        instance_schema = core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(path_validator, lax_inner_schema),
+            python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(tp),
+        )
+
+        schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                [
+                    instance_schema,
+                    core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(path_validator, strict_inner_schema),
+                ],
+                custom_error_type='path_type',
+                custom_error_message=f'Input is not a valid path for {tp}',
+            ),
+            strict_schema=instance_schema,
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(ser_path, info_arg=True, when_used='always'),
+            metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda source, handler: {**handler(source), 'format': 'path'}]},
+        )
+        return schema
+
+    def _deque_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        from ._serializers import serialize_sequence_via_list
+        from ._validators import deque_validator
+
+        item_type_schema = self.generate_schema(items_type)
+
+        # we have to use a lax list schema here, because we need to validate the deque's
+        # items via a list schema, but it's ok if the deque itself is not a list
+        list_schema = core_schema.list_schema(item_type_schema, strict=False)
+
+        check_instance = core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=list_schema,
+            python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(collections.deque, cls_repr='Deque'),
+        )
+
+        lax_schema = core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(deque_validator, list_schema)
+
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=lax_schema,
+            strict_schema=core_schema.chain_schema([check_instance, lax_schema]),
+            serialization=core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                serialize_sequence_via_list, schema=item_type_schema, info_arg=True
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def _mapping_schema(self, tp: Any, keys_type: Any, values_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        from ._validators import MAPPING_ORIGIN_MAP, defaultdict_validator, get_defaultdict_default_default_factory
+
+        mapped_origin = MAPPING_ORIGIN_MAP[tp]
+        keys_schema = self.generate_schema(keys_type)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            # We kind of abused `Field()` default factories to be able to specify
+            # the `defaultdict`'s `default_factory`. As a consequence, we get warnings
+            # as normally `FieldInfo.default_factory` is unsupported in the context where
+            # `Field()` is used and our only solution is to ignore them (note that this might
+            # wrongfully ignore valid warnings, e.g. if the `value_type` is a PEP 695 type alias
+            # with unsupported metadata).
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning)
+            values_schema = self.generate_schema(values_type)
+        dict_schema = core_schema.dict_schema(keys_schema, values_schema, strict=False)
+
+        if mapped_origin is dict:
+            schema = dict_schema
+        else:
+            check_instance = core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=dict_schema,
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(mapped_origin),
+            )
+
+            if tp is collections.defaultdict:
+                default_default_factory = get_defaultdict_default_default_factory(values_type)
+                coerce_instance_wrap = partial(
+                    core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function,
+                    partial(defaultdict_validator, default_default_factory=default_default_factory),
+                )
+            else:
+                coerce_instance_wrap = partial(core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function, mapped_origin)
+
+            lax_schema = coerce_instance_wrap(dict_schema)
+            strict_schema = core_schema.chain_schema([check_instance, lax_schema])
+
+            schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+                lax_schema=lax_schema,
+                strict_schema=strict_schema,
+                serialization=core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    lambda v, h: h(v), schema=dict_schema, info_arg=False
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return schema
+
+    def _fraction_schema(self) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Support for [`fractions.Fraction`][fractions.Fraction]."""
+        from ._validators import fraction_validator
+
+        # TODO: note, this is a fairly common pattern, re lax / strict for attempted type coercion,
+        # can we use a helper function to reduce boilerplate?
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(fraction_validator),
+            strict_schema=core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(fraction_validator),
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(Fraction),
+            ),
+            # use str serialization to guarantee round trip behavior
+            serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(when_used='always'),
+            metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': 'fraction'}]},
+        )
+
+    def _arbitrary_type_schema(self, tp: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        if not isinstance(tp, type):
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'{tp!r} is not a Python type (it may be an instance of an object),'
+                ' Pydantic will allow any object with no validation since we cannot even'
+                ' enforce that the input is an instance of the given type.'
+                ' To get rid of this error wrap the type with `pydantic.SkipValidation`.',
+                ArbitraryTypeWarning,
+            )
+            return core_schema.any_schema()
+        return core_schema.is_instance_schema(tp)
+
+    def _unknown_type_schema(self, obj: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(
+            f'Unable to generate pydantic-core schema for {obj!r}. '
+            'Set `arbitrary_types_allowed=True` in the model_config to ignore this error'
+            ' or implement `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` on your type to fully support it.'
+            '\n\nIf you got this error by calling handler(<some type>) within'
+            ' `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` then you likely need to call'
+            ' `handler.generate_schema(<some type>)` since we do not call'
+            ' `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` on `<some type>` otherwise to avoid infinite recursion.'
+        )
+
+    def _apply_discriminator_to_union(
+        self, schema: CoreSchema, discriminator: str | Discriminator | None
+    ) -> CoreSchema:
+        if discriminator is None:
+            return schema
+        try:
+            return _discriminated_union.apply_discriminator(
+                schema,
+                discriminator,
+                self.defs._definitions,
+            )
+        except _discriminated_union.MissingDefinitionForUnionRef:
+            # defer until defs are resolved
+            _discriminated_union.set_discriminator_in_metadata(
+                schema,
+                discriminator,
+            )
+            return schema
+
+    def clean_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+        return self.defs.finalize_schema(schema)
+
+    def _add_js_function(self, metadata_schema: CoreSchema, js_function: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
+        metadata = metadata_schema.get('metadata', {})
+        pydantic_js_functions = metadata.setdefault('pydantic_js_functions', [])
+        # because of how we generate core schemas for nested generic models
+        # we can end up adding `BaseModel.__get_pydantic_json_schema__` multiple times
+        # this check may fail to catch duplicates if the function is a `functools.partial`
+        # or something like that, but if it does it'll fail by inserting the duplicate
+        if js_function not in pydantic_js_functions:
+            pydantic_js_functions.append(js_function)
+        metadata_schema['metadata'] = metadata
+
+    def generate_schema(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object to generate core schema for.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated core schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
+                If it is not possible to evaluate forward reference.
+            PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+                If it is not possible to generate pydantic-core schema.
+            TypeError:
+                - If `alias_generator` returns a disallowed type (must be str, AliasPath or AliasChoices).
+                - If V1 style validator with `each_item=True` applied on a wrong field.
+            PydanticUserError:
+                - If `typing.TypedDict` is used instead of `typing_extensions.TypedDict` on Python < 3.12.
+                - If `__modify_schema__` method is used instead of `__get_pydantic_json_schema__`.
+        """
+        schema = self._generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(obj, obj)
+
+        if schema is None:
+            schema = self._generate_schema_inner(obj)
+
+        metadata_js_function = _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(obj)
+        if metadata_js_function is not None:
+            metadata_schema = resolve_original_schema(schema, self.defs)
+            if metadata_schema:
+                self._add_js_function(metadata_schema, metadata_js_function)
+
+        schema = _add_custom_serialization_from_json_encoders(self._config_wrapper.json_encoders, obj, schema)
+
+        return schema
+
+    def _model_schema(self, cls: type[BaseModel]) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Pydantic model."""
+        BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        with self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(cls) as (model_ref, maybe_schema):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            schema = cls.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
+            if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, MockCoreSchema):
+                if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                    schema = self.defs.unpack_definitions(schema)
+                ref = get_ref(schema)
+                if ref:
+                    return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+                else:
+                    return schema
+
+            config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper(cls.model_config, check=False)
+
+            with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config_wrapper), self._ns_resolver.push(cls):
+                core_config = self._config_wrapper.core_config(title=cls.__name__)
+
+                if cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__ or cls is BaseModel_:
+                    fields = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+                    extra_info = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_extra_info__', None)
+                else:
+                    if '__pydantic_fields__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                        # This happens when we have a loop in the schema generation:
+                        # class Base[T](BaseModel):
+                        #     t: T
+                        #
+                        # class Other(BaseModel):
+                        #     b: 'Base[Other]'
+                        # When we build fields for `Other`, we evaluate the forward annotation.
+                        # At this point, `Other` doesn't have the model fields set. We create
+                        # `Base[Other]`; model fields are successfully built, and we try to generate
+                        # a schema for `t: Other`. As `Other.__pydantic_fields__` aren't set, we abort.
+                        raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation(
+                            name=cls.__name__,
+                            message=f'Class {cls.__name__!r} is not defined',
+                        )
+                    try:
+                        fields, extra_info = rebuild_model_fields(
+                            cls,
+                            config_wrapper=self._config_wrapper,
+                            ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver,
+                            typevars_map=self._typevars_map or {},
+                        )
+                    except NameError as e:
+                        raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+                decorators = cls.__pydantic_decorators__
+                computed_fields = decorators.computed_fields
+                check_decorator_fields_exist(
+                    chain(
+                        decorators.field_validators.values(),
+                        decorators.field_serializers.values(),
+                        decorators.validators.values(),
+                    ),
+                    {*fields.keys(), *computed_fields.keys()},
+                )
+
+                model_validators = decorators.model_validators.values()
+
+                extras_schema = None
+                extras_keys_schema = None
+                if core_config.get('extra_fields_behavior') == 'allow' and extra_info is not None:
+                    tp = get_origin(extra_info.annotation)
+                    if tp not in DICT_TYPES:
+                        raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(
+                            'The type annotation for `__pydantic_extra__` must be `dict[str, ...]`'
+                        )
+                    # See the comments in `_get_args_resolving_forward_refs()` for why we need
+                    # to re-evaluate the annotation:
+                    extra_keys_type, extra_items_type = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(
+                        extra_info.annotation,
+                        required=True,
+                    )
+                    if extra_keys_type is not str:
+                        extras_keys_schema = self.generate_schema(extra_keys_type)
+                    if not typing_objects.is_any(extra_items_type):
+                        extras_schema = self.generate_schema(extra_items_type)
+
+                generic_origin: type[BaseModel] | None = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', {}).get('origin')
+
+                if cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
+                    inner_schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema('root', fields['root'], decorators)
+                    if cls.__doc__ and metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates', {}).get('description'):
+                        # This is a bit of a leaky abstraction, but as the model docstring takes priority
+                        # over the root field's description, we need to override it here. This can't be done
+                        # in the JSON Schema generation logic because the metadata's `pydantic_js_updates` are
+                        # applied last, and overrides any value previously set (so the description set from the
+                        # docstring in `GenerateJsonSchema._update_class_schema()` is overridden):
+                        update_core_metadata(
+                            metadata, pydantic_js_updates={'description': inspect.cleandoc(cls.__doc__)}
+                        )
+
+                    inner_schema = apply_model_validators(inner_schema, model_validators, 'inner')
+                    model_schema = core_schema.model_schema(
+                        cls,
+                        inner_schema,
+                        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+                        custom_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_custom_init__', None),
+                        root_model=True,
+                        post_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_post_init__', None),
+                        config=core_config,
+                        ref=model_ref,
+                        metadata=metadata,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    fields_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema = core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+                        {k: self._generate_md_field_schema(k, v, decorators) for k, v in fields.items()},
+                        computed_fields=[
+                            self._computed_field_schema(d, decorators.field_serializers)
+                            for d in computed_fields.values()
+                        ],
+                        extras_schema=extras_schema,
+                        extras_keys_schema=extras_keys_schema,
+                        model_name=cls.__name__,
+                    )
+                    inner_schema = apply_validators(fields_schema, decorators.root_validators.values())
+                    inner_schema = apply_model_validators(inner_schema, model_validators, 'inner')
+
+                    model_schema = core_schema.model_schema(
+                        cls,
+                        inner_schema,
+                        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+                        custom_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_custom_init__', None),
+                        root_model=False,
+                        post_init=getattr(cls, '__pydantic_post_init__', None),
+                        config=core_config,
+                        ref=model_ref,
+                    )
+
+                schema = self._apply_model_serializers(model_schema, decorators.model_serializers.values())
+                schema = apply_model_validators(schema, model_validators, 'outer')
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _resolve_self_type(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        obj = self.model_type_stack.get()
+        if obj is None:
+            raise PydanticUserError('`typing.Self` is invalid in this context', code='invalid-self-type')
+        return obj
+
+    def _generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(self, obj: Any, source: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema | None:
+        BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        get_schema = getattr(obj, '__get_pydantic_core_schema__', None)
+        is_base_model_get_schema = (
+            getattr(get_schema, '__func__', None) is BaseModel_.__get_pydantic_core_schema__.__func__  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+        )
+
+        if (
+            get_schema is not None
+            # BaseModel.__get_pydantic_core_schema__ is defined for backwards compatibility,
+            # to allow existing code to call `super().__get_pydantic_core_schema__` in Pydantic
+            # model that overrides `__get_pydantic_core_schema__`. However, it raises a deprecation
+            # warning stating that the method will be removed, and during the core schema gen we actually
+            # don't call the method:
+            and not is_base_model_get_schema
+        ):
+            # Some referenceable types might have a `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` method
+            # defined on it by users (e.g. on a dataclass). This generally doesn't play well
+            # as these types are already recognized by the `GenerateSchema` class and isn't ideal
+            # as we might end up calling `get_schema_or_ref` (expensive) on types that are actually
+            # not referenceable:
+            with self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(obj) as (_, maybe_schema):
+                if maybe_schema is not None:
+                    return maybe_schema
+
+            if obj is source:
+                ref_mode = 'unpack'
+            else:
+                ref_mode = 'to-def'
+            schema = get_schema(
+                source, CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(self._generate_schema_inner, self, ref_mode=ref_mode)
+            )
+            if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                schema = self.defs.unpack_definitions(schema)
+
+            ref = get_ref(schema)
+            if ref:
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+            # Note: if schema is of type `'definition-ref'`, we might want to copy it as a
+            # safety measure (because these are inlined in place -- i.e. mutated directly)
+            return schema
+
+        if get_schema is None and (validators := getattr(obj, '__get_validators__', None)) is not None:
+            from pydantic.v1 import BaseModel as BaseModelV1
+
+            if issubclass(obj, BaseModelV1):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'Mixing V1 models and V2 models (or constructs, like `TypeAdapter`) is not supported. Please upgrade `{obj.__name__}` to V2.',
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+            else:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    '`__get_validators__` is deprecated and will be removed, use `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` instead.',
+                    PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+                )
+            return core_schema.chain_schema([core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(v) for v in validators()])
+
+    def _resolve_forward_ref(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        # we assume that types_namespace has the target of forward references in its scope,
+        # but this could fail, for example, if calling Validator on an imported type which contains
+        # forward references to other types only defined in the module from which it was imported
+        # `Validator(SomeImportedTypeAliasWithAForwardReference)`
+        # or the equivalent for BaseModel
+        # class Model(BaseModel):
+        #   x: SomeImportedTypeAliasWithAForwardReference
+        try:
+            obj = _typing_extra.eval_type_backport(obj, *self._types_namespace)
+        except NameError as e:
+            raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+        # if obj is still a ForwardRef, it means we can't evaluate it, raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+        if isinstance(obj, ForwardRef):
+            raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation(obj.__forward_arg__, f'Unable to evaluate forward reference {obj}')
+
+        if self._typevars_map:
+            obj = replace_types(obj, self._typevars_map)
+
+        return obj
+
+    @overload
+    def _get_args_resolving_forward_refs(self, obj: Any, required: Literal[True]) -> tuple[Any, ...]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def _get_args_resolving_forward_refs(self, obj: Any) -> tuple[Any, ...] | None: ...
+
+    def _get_args_resolving_forward_refs(self, obj: Any, required: bool = False) -> tuple[Any, ...] | None:
+        args = get_args(obj)
+        if args:
+            if isinstance(obj, GenericAlias):
+                # PEP 585 generic aliases don't convert args to ForwardRefs, unlike `typing.List/Dict` etc.
+                # This was fixed in https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30900 (Python 3.11).
+                # TODO: this shouldn't be necessary (probably even this `_get_args_resolving_forward_refs()` function)
+                # once we drop support for Python 3.10 *or* if we implement our own `typing._eval_type()` implementation.
+                args = (_typing_extra._make_forward_ref(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a for a in args)
+            args = tuple(self._resolve_forward_ref(a) if isinstance(a, ForwardRef) else a for a in args)
+        elif required:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError(f'Expected {obj} to have generic parameters but it had none')
+        return args
+
+    def _get_first_arg_or_any(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(obj)
+        if not args:
+            return Any
+        return args[0]
+
+    def _get_first_two_args_or_any(self, obj: Any) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(obj)
+        if not args:
+            return (Any, Any)
+        if len(args) < 2:
+            origin = get_origin(obj)
+            raise TypeError(f'Expected two type arguments for {origin}, got 1')
+        return args[0], args[1]
+
+    def _generate_schema_inner(self, obj: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        if typing_objects.is_self(obj):
+            obj = self._resolve_self_type(obj)
+
+        if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(obj)):
+            return self._annotated_schema(obj)
+
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            # we assume this is already a valid schema
+            return obj  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+        if isinstance(obj, str):
+            obj = ForwardRef(obj)
+
+        if isinstance(obj, ForwardRef):
+            return self.generate_schema(self._resolve_forward_ref(obj))
+
+        BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        if lenient_issubclass(obj, BaseModel):
+            with self.model_type_stack.push(obj):
+                return self._model_schema(obj)
+
+        if isinstance(obj, PydanticRecursiveRef):
+            return core_schema.definition_reference_schema(schema_ref=obj.type_ref)
+
+        return self.match_type(obj)
+
+    def match_type(self, obj: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:  # noqa: C901
+        """Main mapping of types to schemas.
+
+        The general structure is a series of if statements starting with the simple cases
+        (non-generic primitive types) and then handling generics and other more complex cases.
+
+        Each case either generates a schema directly, calls into a public user-overridable method
+        (like `GenerateSchema.tuple_variable_schema`) or calls into a private method that handles some
+        boilerplate before calling into the user-facing method (e.g. `GenerateSchema._tuple_schema`).
+
+        The idea is that we'll evolve this into adding more and more user facing methods over time
+        as they get requested and we figure out what the right API for them is.
+        """
+        if obj is str:
+            return core_schema.str_schema()
+        elif obj is bytes:
+            return core_schema.bytes_schema()
+        elif obj is int:
+            return core_schema.int_schema()
+        elif obj is float:
+            return core_schema.float_schema()
+        elif obj is bool:
+            return core_schema.bool_schema()
+        elif obj is complex:
+            return core_schema.complex_schema()
+        elif typing_objects.is_any(obj) or obj is object:
+            return core_schema.any_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.date:
+            return core_schema.date_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.datetime:
+            return core_schema.datetime_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.time:
+            return core_schema.time_schema()
+        elif obj is datetime.timedelta:
+            return core_schema.timedelta_schema()
+        elif obj is Decimal:
+            return core_schema.decimal_schema()
+        elif obj is UUID:
+            return core_schema.uuid_schema()
+        elif obj is Url:
+            return core_schema.url_schema()
+        elif obj is Fraction:
+            return self._fraction_schema()
+        elif obj is MultiHostUrl:
+            return core_schema.multi_host_url_schema()
+        elif obj is None or obj is _typing_extra.NoneType:
+            return core_schema.none_schema()
+        if obj is MISSING:
+            return core_schema.missing_sentinel_schema()
+        elif obj in IP_TYPES:
+            return self._ip_schema(obj)
+        elif obj in TUPLE_TYPES:
+            return self._tuple_schema(obj)
+        elif obj in LIST_TYPES:
+            return self._list_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in SET_TYPES:
+            return self._set_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in FROZEN_SET_TYPES:
+            return self._frozenset_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in SEQUENCE_TYPES:
+            return self._sequence_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in ITERABLE_TYPES:
+            return self._iterable_schema(obj)
+        elif obj in DICT_TYPES:
+            return self._dict_schema(Any, Any)
+        elif obj in PATH_TYPES:
+            return self._path_schema(obj, Any)
+        elif obj in DEQUE_TYPES:
+            return self._deque_schema(Any)
+        elif obj in MAPPING_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(obj, Any, Any)
+        elif obj in COUNTER_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(obj, Any, int)
+        elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(obj):
+            return self._type_alias_type_schema(obj)
+        elif obj is type:
+            return self._type_schema()
+        elif _typing_extra.is_callable(obj):
+            return core_schema.callable_schema()
+        elif typing_objects.is_literal(get_origin(obj)):
+            return self._literal_schema(obj)
+        elif is_typeddict(obj):
+            return self._typed_dict_schema(obj, None)
+        elif inspect.isclass(obj) and issubclass(obj, Enum):
+            # NOTE: this must come before the `is_namedtuple()` check as enums values
+            # can be namedtuples:
+            return self._enum_schema(obj)
+        elif _typing_extra.is_namedtuple(obj):
+            return self._namedtuple_schema(obj, None)
+        elif typing_objects.is_newtype(obj):
+            # NewType, can't use isinstance because it fails <3.10
+            return self.generate_schema(obj.__supertype__)
+        elif obj in PATTERN_TYPES:
+            return self._pattern_schema(obj)
+        elif _typing_extra.is_hashable(obj):
+            return self._hashable_schema()
+        elif isinstance(obj, typing.TypeVar):
+            return self._unsubstituted_typevar_schema(obj)
+        elif _typing_extra.is_finalvar(obj):
+            if obj is Final:
+                return core_schema.any_schema()
+            return self.generate_schema(
+                self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj),
+            )
+        elif isinstance(obj, VALIDATE_CALL_SUPPORTED_TYPES):
+            return self._call_schema(obj)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        elif obj is ZoneInfo:
+            return self._zoneinfo_schema()
+
+        # dataclasses.is_dataclass coerces dc instances to types, but we only handle
+        # the case of a dc type here
+        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj):
+            return self._dataclass_schema(obj, None)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+        origin = get_origin(obj)
+        if origin is not None:
+            return self._match_generic_type(obj, origin)
+
+        if self._arbitrary_types:
+            return self._arbitrary_type_schema(obj)
+        return self._unknown_type_schema(obj)
+
+    def _match_generic_type(self, obj: Any, origin: Any) -> CoreSchema:  # noqa: C901
+        # Need to handle generic dataclasses before looking for the schema properties because attribute accesses
+        # on _GenericAlias delegate to the origin type, so lose the information about the concrete parametrization
+        # As a result, currently, there is no way to cache the schema for generic dataclasses. This may be possible
+        # to resolve by modifying the value returned by `Generic.__class_getitem__`, but that is a dangerous game.
+        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(origin):
+            return self._dataclass_schema(obj, origin)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        if _typing_extra.is_namedtuple(origin):
+            return self._namedtuple_schema(obj, origin)
+
+        schema = self._generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(origin, obj)
+        if schema is not None:
+            return schema
+
+        if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(origin):
+            return self._type_alias_type_schema(obj)
+        elif is_union_origin(origin):
+            return self._union_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in TUPLE_TYPES:
+            return self._tuple_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in LIST_TYPES:
+            return self._list_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in SET_TYPES:
+            return self._set_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in FROZEN_SET_TYPES:
+            return self._frozenset_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in DICT_TYPES:
+            return self._dict_schema(*self._get_first_two_args_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in PATH_TYPES:
+            return self._path_schema(origin, self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in DEQUE_TYPES:
+            return self._deque_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in MAPPING_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(origin, *self._get_first_two_args_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in COUNTER_TYPES:
+            return self._mapping_schema(origin, self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj), int)
+        elif is_typeddict(origin):
+            return self._typed_dict_schema(obj, origin)
+        elif origin in TYPE_TYPES:
+            return self._subclass_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in SEQUENCE_TYPES:
+            return self._sequence_schema(self._get_first_arg_or_any(obj))
+        elif origin in ITERABLE_TYPES:
+            return self._iterable_schema(obj)
+        elif origin in PATTERN_TYPES:
+            return self._pattern_schema(obj)
+
+        if self._arbitrary_types:
+            return self._arbitrary_type_schema(origin)
+        return self._unknown_type_schema(obj)
+
+    def _generate_td_field_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        field_info: FieldInfo,
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos,
+        *,
+        required: bool = True,
+    ) -> core_schema.TypedDictField:
+        """Prepare a TypedDictField to represent a model or typeddict field."""
+        schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema(name, field_info, decorators)
+        return core_schema.typed_dict_field(
+            schema,
+            required=False if not field_info.is_required() else required,
+            serialization_exclude=field_info.exclude,
+            validation_alias=_convert_to_aliases(field_info.validation_alias),
+            serialization_alias=field_info.serialization_alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=field_info.exclude_if,
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _generate_md_field_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        field_info: FieldInfo,
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos,
+    ) -> core_schema.ModelField:
+        """Prepare a ModelField to represent a model field."""
+        schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema(name, field_info, decorators)
+        return core_schema.model_field(
+            schema,
+            serialization_exclude=field_info.exclude,
+            validation_alias=_convert_to_aliases(field_info.validation_alias),
+            serialization_alias=field_info.serialization_alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=field_info.exclude_if,
+            frozen=field_info.frozen,
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _generate_dc_field_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        field_info: FieldInfo,
+        decorators: DecoratorInfos,
+    ) -> core_schema.DataclassField:
+        """Prepare a DataclassField to represent the parameter/field, of a dataclass."""
+        schema, metadata = self._common_field_schema(name, field_info, decorators)
+        return core_schema.dataclass_field(
+            name,
+            schema,
+            init=field_info.init,
+            init_only=field_info.init_var or None,
+            kw_only=None if field_info.kw_only else False,
+            serialization_exclude=field_info.exclude,
+            validation_alias=_convert_to_aliases(field_info.validation_alias),
+            serialization_alias=field_info.serialization_alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=field_info.exclude_if,
+            frozen=field_info.frozen,
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _common_field_schema(  # C901
+        self, name: str, field_info: FieldInfo, decorators: DecoratorInfos
+    ) -> tuple[CoreSchema, dict[str, Any]]:
+        source_type, annotations = field_info.annotation, field_info.metadata
+
+        def set_discriminator(schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+            schema = self._apply_discriminator_to_union(schema, field_info.discriminator)
+            return schema
+
+        # Convert `@field_validator` decorators to `Before/After/Plain/WrapValidator` instances:
+        validators_from_decorators = [
+            _mode_to_validator[decorator.info.mode]._from_decorator(decorator)
+            for decorator in filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(decorators.field_validators.values(), name)
+        ]
+
+        with self.field_name_stack.push(name):
+            if field_info.discriminator is not None:
+                schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                    source_type, annotations + validators_from_decorators, transform_inner_schema=set_discriminator
+                )
+            else:
+                schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                    source_type,
+                    annotations + validators_from_decorators,
+                )
+
+        # This V1 compatibility shim should eventually be removed
+        # push down any `each_item=True` validators
+        # note that this won't work for any Annotated types that get wrapped by a function validator
+        # but that's okay because that didn't exist in V1
+        this_field_validators = filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(decorators.validators.values(), name)
+        if _validators_require_validate_default(this_field_validators):
+            field_info.validate_default = True
+        each_item_validators = [v for v in this_field_validators if v.info.each_item is True]
+        this_field_validators = [v for v in this_field_validators if v not in each_item_validators]
+        schema = apply_each_item_validators(schema, each_item_validators)
+
+        schema = apply_validators(schema, this_field_validators)
+
+        # the default validator needs to go outside of any other validators
+        # so that it is the topmost validator for the field validator
+        # which uses it to check if the field has a default value or not
+        if not field_info.is_required():
+            schema = wrap_default(field_info, schema)
+
+        schema = self._apply_field_serializers(
+            schema, filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(decorators.field_serializers.values(), name)
+        )
+
+        pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra = _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(field_info)
+        core_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        update_core_metadata(
+            core_metadata, pydantic_js_updates=pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra=pydantic_js_extra
+        )
+
+        return schema, core_metadata
+
+    def _union_schema(self, union_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Union."""
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(union_type, required=True)
+        choices: list[CoreSchema] = []
+        nullable = False
+        for arg in args:
+            if arg is None or arg is _typing_extra.NoneType:
+                nullable = True
+            else:
+                choices.append(self.generate_schema(arg))
+
+        if len(choices) == 1:
+            s = choices[0]
+        else:
+            choices_with_tags: list[CoreSchema | tuple[CoreSchema, str]] = []
+            for choice in choices:
+                tag = cast(CoreMetadata, choice.get('metadata', {})).get('pydantic_internal_union_tag_key')
+                if tag is not None:
+                    choices_with_tags.append((choice, tag))
+                else:
+                    choices_with_tags.append(choice)
+            s = core_schema.union_schema(choices_with_tags)
+
+        if nullable:
+            s = core_schema.nullable_schema(s)
+        return s
+
+    def _type_alias_type_schema(self, obj: TypeAliasType) -> CoreSchema:
+        with self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(obj) as (ref, maybe_schema):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            origin: TypeAliasType = get_origin(obj) or obj
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(obj)
+
+            with self._ns_resolver.push(origin):
+                try:
+                    annotation = _typing_extra.eval_type(origin.__value__, *self._types_namespace)
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+                annotation = replace_types(annotation, typevars_map)
+                schema = self.generate_schema(annotation)
+                assert schema['type'] != 'definitions'
+                schema['ref'] = ref  # type: ignore
+            return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _literal_schema(self, literal_type: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Literal."""
+        expected = list(get_literal_values(literal_type, type_check=False, unpack_type_aliases='eager'))
+        assert expected, f'literal "expected" cannot be empty, obj={literal_type}'
+        schema = core_schema.literal_schema(expected)
+
+        if self._config_wrapper.use_enum_values and any(isinstance(v, Enum) for v in expected):
+            schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                lambda v: v.value if isinstance(v, Enum) else v, schema
+            )
+
+        return schema
+
+    def _typed_dict_schema(self, typed_dict_cls: Any, origin: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate a core schema for a `TypedDict` class.
+
+        To be able to build a `DecoratorInfos` instance for the `TypedDict` class (which will include
+        validators, serializers, etc.), we need to have access to the original bases of the class
+        (see https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.get_original_bases).
+        However, the `__orig_bases__` attribute was only added in 3.12 (https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/103698).
+
+        For this reason, we require Python 3.12 (or using the `typing_extensions` backport).
+        """
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        with (
+            self.model_type_stack.push(typed_dict_cls),
+            self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(typed_dict_cls) as (
+                typed_dict_ref,
+                maybe_schema,
+            ),
+        ):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(typed_dict_cls)
+            if origin is not None:
+                typed_dict_cls = origin
+
+            if not _SUPPORTS_TYPEDDICT and type(typed_dict_cls).__module__ == 'typing':
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    'Please use `typing_extensions.TypedDict` instead of `typing.TypedDict` on Python < 3.12.',
+                    code='typed-dict-version',
+                )
+
+            try:
+                # if a typed dictionary class doesn't have config, we use the parent's config, hence a default of `None`
+                # see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/10917
+                config: ConfigDict | None = get_attribute_from_bases(typed_dict_cls, '__pydantic_config__')
+            except AttributeError:
+                config = None
+
+            with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+                core_config = self._config_wrapper.core_config(title=typed_dict_cls.__name__)
+
+                required_keys: frozenset[str] = typed_dict_cls.__required_keys__
+
+                fields: dict[str, core_schema.TypedDictField] = {}
+
+                decorators = DecoratorInfos.build(typed_dict_cls, replace_wrapped_methods=False)
+                decorators.update_from_config(self._config_wrapper)
+
+                if self._config_wrapper.use_attribute_docstrings:
+                    field_docstrings = extract_docstrings_from_cls(typed_dict_cls, use_inspect=True)
+                else:
+                    field_docstrings = None
+
+                try:
+                    annotations = _typing_extra.get_cls_type_hints(typed_dict_cls, ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver)
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+                readonly_fields: list[str] = []
+
+                for field_name, annotation in annotations.items():
+                    field_info = FieldInfo.from_annotation(annotation, _source=AnnotationSource.TYPED_DICT)
+                    field_info.annotation = replace_types(field_info.annotation, typevars_map)
+
+                    required = (
+                        field_name in required_keys or 'required' in field_info._qualifiers
+                    ) and 'not_required' not in field_info._qualifiers
+                    if 'read_only' in field_info._qualifiers:
+                        readonly_fields.append(field_name)
+
+                    if (
+                        field_docstrings is not None
+                        and field_info.description is None
+                        and field_name in field_docstrings
+                    ):
+                        field_info.description = field_docstrings[field_name]
+                    update_field_from_config(self._config_wrapper, field_name, field_info)
+
+                    fields[field_name] = self._generate_td_field_schema(
+                        field_name, field_info, decorators, required=required
+                    )
+
+                if readonly_fields:
+                    fields_repr = ', '.join(repr(f) for f in readonly_fields)
+                    plural = len(readonly_fields) >= 2
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'Item{"s" if plural else ""} {fields_repr} on TypedDict class {typed_dict_cls.__name__!r} '
+                        f'{"are" if plural else "is"} using the `ReadOnly` qualifier. Pydantic will not protect items '
+                        'from any mutation on dictionary instances.',
+                        UserWarning,
+                    )
+
+                extra_behavior: core_schema.ExtraBehavior = 'ignore'
+                extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None  # For 'allow', equivalent to `Any` - no validation performed.
+
+                # `__closed__` is `None` when not specified (equivalent to `False`):
+                is_closed = bool(getattr(typed_dict_cls, '__closed__', False))
+                extra_items = getattr(typed_dict_cls, '__extra_items__', typing_extensions.NoExtraItems)
+                if is_closed:
+                    extra_behavior = 'forbid'
+                    extras_schema = None
+                elif not typing_objects.is_noextraitems(extra_items):
+                    extra_behavior = 'allow'
+                    extras_schema = self.generate_schema(replace_types(extra_items, typevars_map))
+
+                if (config_extra := self._config_wrapper.extra) in ('allow', 'forbid'):
+                    if is_closed and config_extra == 'allow':
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f"TypedDict class {typed_dict_cls.__qualname__!r} is closed, but 'extra' configuration "
+                            "is set to `'allow'`. The 'extra' configuration value will be ignored.",
+                            category=TypedDictExtraConfigWarning,
+                        )
+                    elif not typing_objects.is_noextraitems(extra_items) and config_extra == 'forbid':
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f"TypedDict class {typed_dict_cls.__qualname__!r} allows extra items, but 'extra' configuration "
+                            "is set to `'forbid'`. The 'extra' configuration value will be ignored.",
+                            category=TypedDictExtraConfigWarning,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        extra_behavior = config_extra
+
+                td_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+                    fields,
+                    cls=typed_dict_cls,
+                    computed_fields=[
+                        self._computed_field_schema(d, decorators.field_serializers)
+                        for d in decorators.computed_fields.values()
+                    ],
+                    extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+                    extras_schema=extras_schema,
+                    ref=typed_dict_ref,
+                    config=core_config,
+                )
+
+                schema = self._apply_model_serializers(td_schema, decorators.model_serializers.values())
+                schema = apply_model_validators(schema, decorators.model_validators.values(), 'all')
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _namedtuple_schema(self, namedtuple_cls: Any, origin: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a NamedTuple."""
+        with (
+            self.model_type_stack.push(namedtuple_cls),
+            self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(namedtuple_cls) as (
+                namedtuple_ref,
+                maybe_schema,
+            ),
+        ):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(namedtuple_cls)
+            if origin is not None:
+                namedtuple_cls = origin
+
+            try:
+                annotations = _typing_extra.get_cls_type_hints(namedtuple_cls, ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver)
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+            # Filter annotations to only include fields that are actually in the NamedTuple
+            # (as subclassing an existing NamedTuple is not supported yet - see https://github.com/python/typing/issues/427)
+            # and use `Any` if no annotation exist (i.e. when using `collections.namedtuple()`).
+            annotations = {field_name: annotations.get(field_name, Any) for field_name in namedtuple_cls._fields}
+
+            if typevars_map:
+                annotations = {
+                    field_name: replace_types(annotation, typevars_map)
+                    for field_name, annotation in annotations.items()
+                }
+
+            arguments_schema = core_schema.arguments_schema(
+                [
+                    self._generate_parameter_schema(
+                        field_name,
+                        annotation,
+                        source=AnnotationSource.NAMED_TUPLE,
+                        default=namedtuple_cls._field_defaults.get(field_name, Parameter.empty),
+                    )
+                    for field_name, annotation in annotations.items()
+                ],
+                metadata={'pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments': True},
+            )
+            schema = core_schema.call_schema(arguments_schema, namedtuple_cls, ref=namedtuple_ref)
+            return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _generate_parameter_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        annotation: type[Any],
+        source: AnnotationSource,
+        default: Any = Parameter.empty,
+        mode: Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only'] | None = None,
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsParameter:
+        """Generate the definition of a field in a namedtuple or a parameter in a function signature.
+
+        This definition is meant to be used for the `'arguments'` core schema, which will be replaced
+        in V3 by the `'arguments-v3`'.
+        """
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if default is Parameter.empty:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotation(annotation, _source=source)
+        else:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotated_attribute(annotation, default, _source=source)
+
+        assert field.annotation is not None, 'field.annotation should not be None when generating a schema'
+        update_field_from_config(self._config_wrapper, name, field)
+
+        with self.field_name_stack.push(name):
+            schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                field.annotation,
+                [field],
+                # Because we pass `field` as metadata above (required for attributes relevant for
+                # JSON Scheme generation), we need to ignore the potential warnings about `FieldInfo`
+                # attributes that will not be used:
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=False,
+            )
+
+        if not field.is_required():
+            schema = wrap_default(field, schema)
+
+        parameter_schema = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+            name,
+            schema,
+            mode=mode,
+            alias=_convert_to_aliases(field.validation_alias),
+        )
+
+        return parameter_schema
+
+    def _generate_parameter_v3_schema(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        annotation: Any,
+        source: AnnotationSource,
+        mode: Literal[
+            'positional_only',
+            'positional_or_keyword',
+            'keyword_only',
+            'var_args',
+            'var_kwargs_uniform',
+            'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict',
+        ],
+        default: Any = Parameter.empty,
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsV3Parameter:
+        """Generate the definition of a parameter in a function signature.
+
+        This definition is meant to be used for the `'arguments-v3'` core schema, which will replace
+        the `'arguments`' schema in V3.
+        """
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if default is Parameter.empty:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotation(annotation, _source=source)
+        else:
+            field = FieldInfo.from_annotated_attribute(annotation, default, _source=source)
+        update_field_from_config(self._config_wrapper, name, field)
+
+        with self.field_name_stack.push(name):
+            schema = self._apply_annotations(
+                field.annotation,
+                [field],
+                # Because we pass `field` as metadata above (required for attributes relevant for
+                # JSON Scheme generation), we need to ignore the potential warnings about `FieldInfo`
+                # attributes that will not be used:
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=False,
+            )
+
+        if not field.is_required():
+            schema = wrap_default(field, schema)
+
+        parameter_schema = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+            name=name,
+            schema=schema,
+            mode=mode,
+            alias=_convert_to_aliases(field.validation_alias),
+        )
+
+        return parameter_schema
+
+    def _tuple_schema(self, tuple_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Tuple, e.g. `tuple[int, str]` or `tuple[int, ...]`."""
+        # TODO: do we really need to resolve type vars here?
+        typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(tuple_type)
+        params = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(tuple_type)
+
+        if typevars_map and params:
+            params = tuple(replace_types(param, typevars_map) for param in params)
+
+        # NOTE: subtle difference: `tuple[()]` gives `params=()`, whereas `typing.Tuple[()]` gives `params=((),)`
+        # This is only true for <3.11, on Python 3.11+ `typing.Tuple[()]` gives `params=()`
+        if not params:
+            if tuple_type in TUPLE_TYPES:
+                return core_schema.tuple_schema([core_schema.any_schema()], variadic_item_index=0)
+            else:
+                # special case for `tuple[()]` which means `tuple[]` - an empty tuple
+                return core_schema.tuple_schema([])
+        elif params[-1] is Ellipsis:
+            if len(params) == 2:
+                return core_schema.tuple_schema([self.generate_schema(params[0])], variadic_item_index=0)
+            else:
+                # TODO: something like https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5952
+                raise ValueError('Variable tuples can only have one type')
+        elif len(params) == 1 and params[0] == ():
+            # special case for `tuple[()]` which means `tuple[]` - an empty tuple
+            # NOTE: This conditional can be removed when we drop support for Python 3.10.
+            return core_schema.tuple_schema([])
+        else:
+            return core_schema.tuple_schema([self.generate_schema(param) for param in params])
+
+    def _type_schema(self) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.custom_error_schema(
+            core_schema.is_instance_schema(type),
+            custom_error_type='is_type',
+            custom_error_message='Input should be a type',
+        )
+
+    def _zoneinfo_schema(self) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a zone_info.ZoneInfo object"""
+        from ._validators import validate_str_is_valid_iana_tz
+
+        metadata = {'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': 'zoneinfo'}]}
+        return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+            validate_str_is_valid_iana_tz,
+            serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(),
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _union_is_subclass_schema(self, union_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for `type[Union[X, ...]]`."""
+        args = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(union_type, required=True)
+        return core_schema.union_schema([self.generate_schema(type[args]) for args in args])
+
+    def _subclass_schema(self, type_: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a type, e.g. `type[int]`."""
+        type_param = self._get_first_arg_or_any(type_)
+
+        # Assume `type[Annotated[<typ>, ...]]` is equivalent to `type[<typ>]`:
+        type_param = _typing_extra.annotated_type(type_param) or type_param
+
+        if typing_objects.is_any(type_param):
+            return self._type_schema()
+        elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(type_param):
+            return self.generate_schema(type[type_param.__value__])
+        elif typing_objects.is_typevar(type_param):
+            if type_param.__bound__:
+                if is_union_origin(get_origin(type_param.__bound__)):
+                    return self._union_is_subclass_schema(type_param.__bound__)
+                return core_schema.is_subclass_schema(type_param.__bound__)
+            elif type_param.__constraints__:
+                return core_schema.union_schema([self.generate_schema(type[c]) for c in type_param.__constraints__])
+            else:
+                return self._type_schema()
+        elif is_union_origin(get_origin(type_param)):
+            return self._union_is_subclass_schema(type_param)
+        else:
+            if typing_objects.is_self(type_param):
+                type_param = self._resolve_self_type(type_param)
+            if _typing_extra.is_generic_alias(type_param):
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    'Subscripting `type[]` with an already parametrized type is not supported. '
+                    f'Instead of using type[{type_param!r}], use type[{_repr.display_as_type(get_origin(type_param))}].',
+                    code=None,
+                )
+            if not inspect.isclass(type_param):
+                # when using type[None], this doesn't type convert to type[NoneType], and None isn't a class
+                # so we handle it manually here
+                if type_param is None:
+                    return core_schema.is_subclass_schema(_typing_extra.NoneType)
+                raise TypeError(f'Expected a class, got {type_param!r}')
+            return core_schema.is_subclass_schema(type_param)
+
+    def _sequence_schema(self, items_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Sequence, e.g. `Sequence[int]`."""
+        from ._serializers import serialize_sequence_via_list
+
+        item_type_schema = self.generate_schema(items_type)
+        list_schema = core_schema.list_schema(item_type_schema)
+
+        json_schema = smart_deepcopy(list_schema)
+        python_schema = core_schema.is_instance_schema(typing.Sequence, cls_repr='Sequence')
+        if not typing_objects.is_any(items_type):
+            from ._validators import sequence_validator
+
+            python_schema = core_schema.chain_schema(
+                [python_schema, core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(sequence_validator, list_schema)],
+            )
+
+        serialization = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            serialize_sequence_via_list, schema=item_type_schema, info_arg=True
+        )
+        return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=json_schema, python_schema=python_schema, serialization=serialization
+        )
+
+    def _iterable_schema(self, type_: Any) -> core_schema.GeneratorSchema:
+        """Generate a schema for an `Iterable`."""
+        item_type = self._get_first_arg_or_any(type_)
+
+        return core_schema.generator_schema(self.generate_schema(item_type))
+
+    def _pattern_schema(self, pattern_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        from . import _validators
+
+        metadata = {'pydantic_js_functions': [lambda _1, _2: {'type': 'string', 'format': 'regex'}]}
+        ser = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            attrgetter('pattern'), when_used='json', return_schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+        )
+        if pattern_type is typing.Pattern or pattern_type is re.Pattern:
+            # bare type
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                _validators.pattern_either_validator, serialization=ser, metadata=metadata
+            )
+
+        param = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(
+            pattern_type,
+            required=True,
+        )[0]
+        if param is str:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                _validators.pattern_str_validator, serialization=ser, metadata=metadata
+            )
+        elif param is bytes:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                _validators.pattern_bytes_validator, serialization=ser, metadata=metadata
+            )
+        else:
+            raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(f'Unable to generate pydantic-core schema for {pattern_type!r}.')
+
+    def _hashable_schema(self) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.custom_error_schema(
+            schema=core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.chain_schema(
+                    [core_schema.any_schema(), core_schema.is_instance_schema(collections.abc.Hashable)]
+                ),
+                python_schema=core_schema.is_instance_schema(collections.abc.Hashable),
+            ),
+            custom_error_type='is_hashable',
+            custom_error_message='Input should be hashable',
+        )
+
+    def _dataclass_schema(
+        self, dataclass: type[StandardDataclass], origin: type[StandardDataclass] | None
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a dataclass."""
+        with (
+            self.model_type_stack.push(dataclass),
+            self.defs.get_schema_or_ref(dataclass) as (
+                dataclass_ref,
+                maybe_schema,
+            ),
+        ):
+            if maybe_schema is not None:
+                return maybe_schema
+
+            schema = dataclass.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
+            if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, MockCoreSchema):
+                if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                    schema = self.defs.unpack_definitions(schema)
+                ref = get_ref(schema)
+                if ref:
+                    return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+                else:
+                    return schema
+
+            typevars_map = get_standard_typevars_map(dataclass)
+            if origin is not None:
+                dataclass = origin
+
+            # if (plain) dataclass doesn't have config, we use the parent's config, hence a default of `None`
+            # (Pydantic dataclasses have an empty dict config by default).
+            # see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/10917
+            config = getattr(dataclass, '__pydantic_config__', None)
+
+            from ..dataclasses import is_pydantic_dataclass
+
+            with self._ns_resolver.push(dataclass), self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+                if is_pydantic_dataclass(dataclass):
+                    if dataclass.__pydantic_fields_complete__():
+                        # Copy the field info instances to avoid mutating the `FieldInfo` instances
+                        # of the generic dataclass generic origin (e.g. `apply_typevars_map` below).
+                        # Note that we don't apply `deepcopy` on `__pydantic_fields__` because we
+                        # don't want to copy the `FieldInfo` attributes:
+                        fields = {
+                            f_name: copy(field_info) for f_name, field_info in dataclass.__pydantic_fields__.items()
+                        }
+                        if typevars_map:
+                            for field in fields.values():
+                                field.apply_typevars_map(typevars_map, *self._types_namespace)
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            fields = rebuild_dataclass_fields(
+                                dataclass,
+                                config_wrapper=self._config_wrapper,
+                                ns_resolver=self._ns_resolver,
+                                typevars_map=typevars_map or {},
+                            )
+                        except NameError as e:
+                            raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+                else:
+                    fields = collect_dataclass_fields(
+                        dataclass,
+                        typevars_map=typevars_map,
+                        config_wrapper=self._config_wrapper,
+                    )
+
+                if self._config_wrapper.extra == 'allow':
+                    # disallow combination of init=False on a dataclass field and extra='allow' on a dataclass
+                    for field_name, field in fields.items():
+                        if field.init is False:
+                            raise PydanticUserError(
+                                f'Field {field_name} has `init=False` and dataclass has config setting `extra="allow"`. '
+                                f'This combination is not allowed.',
+                                code='dataclass-init-false-extra-allow',
+                            )
+
+                decorators = dataclass.__dict__.get('__pydantic_decorators__')
+                if decorators is None:
+                    decorators = DecoratorInfos.build(dataclass, replace_wrapped_methods=False)
+                    decorators.update_from_config(self._config_wrapper)
+                # Move kw_only=False args to the start of the list, as this is how vanilla dataclasses work.
+                # Note that when kw_only is missing or None, it is treated as equivalent to kw_only=True
+                args = sorted(
+                    (self._generate_dc_field_schema(k, v, decorators) for k, v in fields.items()),
+                    key=lambda a: a.get('kw_only') is not False,
+                )
+                has_post_init = hasattr(dataclass, '__post_init__')
+                has_slots = hasattr(dataclass, '__slots__')
+
+                args_schema = core_schema.dataclass_args_schema(
+                    dataclass.__name__,
+                    args,
+                    computed_fields=[
+                        self._computed_field_schema(d, decorators.field_serializers)
+                        for d in decorators.computed_fields.values()
+                    ],
+                    collect_init_only=has_post_init,
+                )
+
+                inner_schema = apply_validators(args_schema, decorators.root_validators.values())
+
+                model_validators = decorators.model_validators.values()
+                inner_schema = apply_model_validators(inner_schema, model_validators, 'inner')
+
+                core_config = self._config_wrapper.core_config(title=dataclass.__name__)
+
+                dc_schema = core_schema.dataclass_schema(
+                    dataclass,
+                    inner_schema,
+                    generic_origin=origin,
+                    post_init=has_post_init,
+                    ref=dataclass_ref,
+                    fields=[field.name for field in dataclasses.fields(dataclass)],
+                    slots=has_slots,
+                    config=core_config,
+                    # we don't use a custom __setattr__ for dataclasses, so we must
+                    # pass along the frozen config setting to the pydantic-core schema
+                    frozen=self._config_wrapper_stack.tail.frozen,
+                )
+                schema = self._apply_model_serializers(dc_schema, decorators.model_serializers.values())
+                schema = apply_model_validators(schema, model_validators, 'outer')
+                return self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+    def _call_schema(self, function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes) -> core_schema.CallSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Callable.
+
+        TODO support functional validators once we support them in Config
+        """
+        arguments_schema = self._arguments_schema(function)
+
+        return_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema | None = None
+        config_wrapper = self._config_wrapper
+        if config_wrapper.validate_return:
+            sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(function)
+            return_hint = sig.return_annotation
+            if return_hint is not sig.empty:
+                globalns, localns = self._types_namespace
+                type_hints = _typing_extra.get_function_type_hints(
+                    function, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_keys={'return'}
+                )
+                return_schema = self.generate_schema(type_hints['return'])
+
+        return core_schema.call_schema(
+            arguments_schema,
+            function,
+            return_schema=return_schema,
+        )
+
+    def _arguments_schema(
+        self, function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes, parameters_callback: ParametersCallback | None = None
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsSchema:
+        """Generate schema for a Signature."""
+        mode_lookup: dict[_ParameterKind, Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only']] = {
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY: 'positional_only',
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD: 'positional_or_keyword',
+            Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY: 'keyword_only',
+        }
+
+        sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(function)
+        globalns, localns = self._types_namespace
+        type_hints = _typing_extra.get_function_type_hints(function, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+
+        arguments_list: list[core_schema.ArgumentsParameter] = []
+        var_args_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema | None = None
+        var_kwargs_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema | None = None
+        var_kwargs_mode: core_schema.VarKwargsMode | None = None
+
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(sig.parameters.items()):
+            if p.annotation is sig.empty:
+                annotation = typing.cast(Any, Any)
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            if parameters_callback is not None:
+                result = parameters_callback(i, name, annotation)
+                if result == 'skip':
+                    continue
+
+            parameter_mode = mode_lookup.get(p.kind)
+            if parameter_mode is not None:
+                arg_schema = self._generate_parameter_schema(
+                    name, annotation, AnnotationSource.FUNCTION, p.default, parameter_mode
+                )
+                arguments_list.append(arg_schema)
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                var_args_schema = self.generate_schema(annotation)
+            else:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+
+                unpack_type = _typing_extra.unpack_type(annotation)
+                if unpack_type is not None:
+                    origin = get_origin(unpack_type) or unpack_type
+                    if not is_typeddict(origin):
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Expected a `TypedDict` class inside `Unpack[...]`, got {unpack_type!r}',
+                            code='unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+                    non_pos_only_param_names = {
+                        name for name, p in sig.parameters.items() if p.kind != Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+                    }
+                    overlapping_params = non_pos_only_param_names.intersection(origin.__annotations__)
+                    if overlapping_params:
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Typed dictionary {origin.__name__!r} overlaps with parameter'
+                            f'{"s" if len(overlapping_params) >= 2 else ""} '
+                            f'{", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(overlapping_params))}',
+                            code='overlapping-unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+
+                    var_kwargs_mode = 'unpacked-typed-dict'
+                    var_kwargs_schema = self._typed_dict_schema(unpack_type, get_origin(unpack_type))
+                else:
+                    var_kwargs_mode = 'uniform'
+                    var_kwargs_schema = self.generate_schema(annotation)
+
+        return core_schema.arguments_schema(
+            arguments_list,
+            var_args_schema=var_args_schema,
+            var_kwargs_mode=var_kwargs_mode,
+            var_kwargs_schema=var_kwargs_schema,
+            validate_by_name=self._config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+        )
+
+    def _arguments_v3_schema(
+        self, function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes, parameters_callback: ParametersCallback | None = None
+    ) -> core_schema.ArgumentsV3Schema:
+        mode_lookup: dict[
+            _ParameterKind, Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'var_args', 'keyword_only']
+        ] = {
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY: 'positional_only',
+            Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD: 'positional_or_keyword',
+            Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL: 'var_args',
+            Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY: 'keyword_only',
+        }
+
+        sig = _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(function)
+        globalns, localns = self._types_namespace
+        type_hints = _typing_extra.get_function_type_hints(function, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+
+        parameters_list: list[core_schema.ArgumentsV3Parameter] = []
+
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(sig.parameters.items()):
+            if parameters_callback is not None:
+                result = parameters_callback(i, name, p.annotation)
+                if result == 'skip':
+                    continue
+
+            if p.annotation is Parameter.empty:
+                annotation = typing.cast(Any, Any)
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            parameter_mode = mode_lookup.get(p.kind)
+            if parameter_mode is None:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+
+                unpack_type = _typing_extra.unpack_type(annotation)
+                if unpack_type is not None:
+                    origin = get_origin(unpack_type) or unpack_type
+                    if not is_typeddict(origin):
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Expected a `TypedDict` class inside `Unpack[...]`, got {unpack_type!r}',
+                            code='unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+                    non_pos_only_param_names = {
+                        name for name, p in sig.parameters.items() if p.kind != Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+                    }
+                    overlapping_params = non_pos_only_param_names.intersection(origin.__annotations__)
+                    if overlapping_params:
+                        raise PydanticUserError(
+                            f'Typed dictionary {origin.__name__!r} overlaps with parameter'
+                            f'{"s" if len(overlapping_params) >= 2 else ""} '
+                            f'{", ".join(repr(p) for p in sorted(overlapping_params))}',
+                            code='overlapping-unpack-typed-dict',
+                        )
+                    parameter_mode = 'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict'
+                    annotation = unpack_type
+                else:
+                    parameter_mode = 'var_kwargs_uniform'
+
+            parameters_list.append(
+                self._generate_parameter_v3_schema(
+                    name, annotation, AnnotationSource.FUNCTION, parameter_mode, default=p.default
+                )
+            )
+
+        return core_schema.arguments_v3_schema(
+            parameters_list,
+            validate_by_name=self._config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+        )
+
+    def _unsubstituted_typevar_schema(self, typevar: typing.TypeVar) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        try:
+            has_default = typevar.has_default()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Happens if using `typing.TypeVar` (and not `typing_extensions`) on Python < 3.13
+            pass
+        else:
+            if has_default:
+                return self.generate_schema(typevar.__default__)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+        if constraints := typevar.__constraints__:
+            return self._union_schema(typing.Union[constraints])
+
+        if bound := typevar.__bound__:
+            schema = self.generate_schema(bound)
+            schema['serialization'] = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('any')
+            return schema
+
+        return core_schema.any_schema()
+
+    def _computed_field_schema(
+        self,
+        d: Decorator[ComputedFieldInfo],
+        field_serializers: dict[str, Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]],
+    ) -> core_schema.ComputedField:
+        if d.info.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+            return_type = d.info.return_type
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(d.func, localns=self._types_namespace.locals)
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+        if return_type is PydanticUndefined:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Computed field is missing return type annotation or specifying `return_type`'
+                ' to the `@computed_field` decorator (e.g. `@computed_field(return_type=int | str)`)',
+                code='model-field-missing-annotation',
+            )
+
+        return_type = replace_types(return_type, self._typevars_map)
+        # Create a new ComputedFieldInfo so that different type parametrizations of the same
+        # generic model's computed field can have different return types.
+        d.info = dataclasses.replace(d.info, return_type=return_type)
+        return_type_schema = self.generate_schema(return_type)
+        # Apply serializers to computed field if there exist
+        return_type_schema = self._apply_field_serializers(
+            return_type_schema,
+            filter_field_decorator_info_by_field(field_serializers.values(), d.cls_var_name),
+        )
+
+        pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra = _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(d.info)
+        core_metadata: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        update_core_metadata(
+            core_metadata,
+            pydantic_js_updates={'readOnly': True, **(pydantic_js_updates if pydantic_js_updates else {})},
+            pydantic_js_extra=pydantic_js_extra,
+        )
+        exclude_if = d.info.exclude_if
+        # TODO: Should we support exclude_if from annotations?
+        return core_schema.computed_field(
+            d.cls_var_name,
+            return_schema=return_type_schema,
+            alias=d.info.alias,
+            serialization_exclude_if=exclude_if,
+            metadata=core_metadata,
+        )
+
+    def _annotated_schema(self, annotated_type: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate schema for an Annotated type, e.g. `Annotated[int, Field(...)]` or `Annotated[int, Gt(0)]`."""
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+        source_type, *annotations = self._get_args_resolving_forward_refs(
+            annotated_type,
+            required=True,
+        )
+        schema = self._apply_annotations(source_type, annotations)
+        # put the default validator last so that TypeAdapter.get_default_value() works
+        # even if there are function validators involved
+        for annotation in annotations:
+            if isinstance(annotation, FieldInfo):
+                schema = wrap_default(annotation, schema)
+        return schema
+
+    def _apply_annotations(
+        self,
+        source_type: Any,
+        annotations: list[Any],
+        transform_inner_schema: Callable[[CoreSchema], CoreSchema] = lambda x: x,
+        check_unsupported_field_info_attributes: bool = True,
+    ) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Apply arguments from `Annotated` or from `FieldInfo` to a schema.
+
+        This gets called by `GenerateSchema._annotated_schema` but differs from it in that it does
+        not expect `source_type` to be an `Annotated` object, it expects it to be  the first argument of that
+        (in other words, `GenerateSchema._annotated_schema` just unpacks `Annotated`, this process it).
+        """
+        annotations = list(_known_annotated_metadata.expand_grouped_metadata(annotations))
+
+        pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction] = []
+
+        def inner_handler(obj: Any) -> CoreSchema:
+            schema = self._generate_schema_from_get_schema_method(obj, source_type)
+
+            if schema is None:
+                schema = self._generate_schema_inner(obj)
+
+            metadata_js_function = _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(obj)
+            if metadata_js_function is not None:
+                metadata_schema = resolve_original_schema(schema, self.defs)
+                if metadata_schema is not None:
+                    self._add_js_function(metadata_schema, metadata_js_function)
+            return transform_inner_schema(schema)
+
+        get_inner_schema = CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(inner_handler, self)
+
+        for annotation in annotations:
+            if annotation is None:
+                continue
+            get_inner_schema = self._get_wrapped_inner_schema(
+                get_inner_schema,
+                annotation,
+                pydantic_js_annotation_functions,
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=check_unsupported_field_info_attributes,
+            )
+
+        schema = get_inner_schema(source_type)
+        if pydantic_js_annotation_functions:
+            core_metadata = schema.setdefault('metadata', {})
+            update_core_metadata(core_metadata, pydantic_js_annotation_functions=pydantic_js_annotation_functions)
+        return _add_custom_serialization_from_json_encoders(self._config_wrapper.json_encoders, source_type, schema)
+
+    def _apply_single_annotation(
+        self,
+        schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+        metadata: Any,
+        check_unsupported_field_info_attributes: bool = True,
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if isinstance(metadata, FieldInfo):
+            if (
+                check_unsupported_field_info_attributes
+                # HACK: we don't want to emit the warning for `FieldInfo` subclasses, because FastAPI does weird manipulations
+                # with its subclasses and their annotations:
+                and type(metadata) is FieldInfo
+            ):
+                for attr, value in (unsupported_attributes := self._get_unsupported_field_info_attributes(metadata)):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'The {attr!r} attribute with value {value!r} was provided to the `Field()` function, '
+                        f'which has no effect in the context it was used. {attr!r} is field-specific metadata, '
+                        'and can only be attached to a model field using `Annotated` metadata or by assignment. '
+                        'This may have happened because an `Annotated` type alias using the `type` statement was '
+                        'used, or if the `Field()` function was attached to a single member of a union type.',
+                        category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning,
+                    )
+
+                if (
+                    metadata.default_factory_takes_validated_data
+                    and self.model_type_stack.get() is None
+                    and 'defaut_factory' not in unsupported_attributes
+                ):
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        "A 'default_factory' taking validated data as an argument was provided to the `Field()` function, "
+                        'but no validated data is available in the context it was used.',
+                        category=UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning,
+                    )
+
+            for field_metadata in metadata.metadata:
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation(schema, field_metadata)
+
+            if metadata.discriminator is not None:
+                schema = self._apply_discriminator_to_union(schema, metadata.discriminator)
+            return schema
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'nullable':
+            # for nullable schemas, metadata is automatically applied to the inner schema
+            inner = schema.get('schema', core_schema.any_schema())
+            inner = self._apply_single_annotation(inner, metadata)
+            if inner:
+                schema['schema'] = inner
+            return schema
+
+        if schema['type'] == 'union' and any(
+            choice['type'] == 'missing-sentinel' for choice in core_schema.iter_union_choices(schema)
+        ):
+            # Same behavior as for nullable schemas. This is a bit gross, but we have to support the same pattern
+            filtered_choices = [
+                choice
+                for choice in schema['choices']
+                if (choice[0] if isinstance(choice, tuple) else choice)['type'] != 'missing-sentinel'
+            ]
+            if len(filtered_choices) >= 2:
+                # e.g. `Annotated[int | str | MISSING, Constraint(...)]`. We apply `Constraint(...)` to `int | str`,
+                # and create a new union semantically equivalent to `Annotated[int | str, Constraint(...)] | MISSING`:
+                filtered_union = core_schema.union_schema(filtered_choices)
+                filtered_union = self._apply_single_annotation(filtered_union, metadata)
+                new_union = schema.copy()
+                new_union['choices'] = [
+                    filtered_union,
+                    next(
+                        choice
+                        for choice in schema['choices']
+                        if (choice[0] if isinstance(choice, tuple) else choice)['type'] == 'missing-sentinel'
+                    ),
+                ]
+                return new_union
+            elif len(filtered_choices) == 1:
+                # e.g. `Annotated[int | MISSING, Constraint(...)]`. We apply `Constraint(...)` to `int`, and reconstruct
+                # a new union preserving the order.
+                inner = filtered_choices[0][0] if isinstance(filtered_choices[0], tuple) else filtered_choices[0]
+                inner = self._apply_single_annotation(inner, metadata)
+
+                # Create a new union schema, preserving the order of the union:
+                new_union = schema.copy()
+                new_union['choices'] = [
+                    (inner, choice[1])
+                    if isinstance(choice, tuple) and choice[0]['type'] != 'missing-sentinel'
+                    else inner
+                    if not isinstance(choice, tuple) and choice['type'] != 'missing-sentinel'
+                    else choice
+                    for choice in schema['choices']
+                ]
+                return new_union
+
+        original_schema = schema
+        ref = schema.get('ref')
+        if ref is not None:
+            schema = schema.copy()
+            new_ref = ref + f'_{repr(metadata)}'
+            if (existing := self.defs.get_schema_from_ref(new_ref)) is not None:
+                return existing
+            schema['ref'] = new_ref  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+        elif schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            ref = schema['schema_ref']
+            if (referenced_schema := self.defs.get_schema_from_ref(ref)) is not None:
+                schema = referenced_schema.copy()
+                new_ref = ref + f'_{repr(metadata)}'
+                if (existing := self.defs.get_schema_from_ref(new_ref)) is not None:
+                    return existing
+                schema['ref'] = new_ref  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+
+        maybe_updated_schema = _known_annotated_metadata.apply_known_metadata(metadata, schema)
+
+        if maybe_updated_schema is not None:
+            return maybe_updated_schema
+        return original_schema
+
+    def _apply_single_annotation_json_schema(
+        self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, metadata: Any
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+        if isinstance(metadata, FieldInfo):
+            for field_metadata in metadata.metadata:
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation_json_schema(schema, field_metadata)
+
+            pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra = _extract_json_schema_info_from_field_info(metadata)
+            core_metadata = schema.setdefault('metadata', {})
+            update_core_metadata(
+                core_metadata, pydantic_js_updates=pydantic_js_updates, pydantic_js_extra=pydantic_js_extra
+            )
+        return schema
+
+    def _get_unsupported_field_info_attributes(self, field_info: FieldInfo) -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
+        """Get the list of unsupported `FieldInfo` attributes when not directly used in `Annotated` for field annotations."""
+        unused_metadata: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
+        for unused_metadata_name, unset_value in UNSUPPORTED_STANDALONE_FIELDINFO_ATTRIBUTES:
+            if (
+                (unused_metadata_value := getattr(field_info, unused_metadata_name)) is not unset_value
+                # `default` and `default_factory` can still be used with a type adapter, so only include them
+                # if used with a model-like class:
+                and (
+                    unused_metadata_name not in ('default', 'default_factory')
+                    or self.model_type_stack.get() is not None
+                )
+                # Setting `alias` will set `validation/serialization_alias` as well, so we want to avoid duplicate warnings:
+                and (
+                    unused_metadata_name not in ('validation_alias', 'serialization_alias')
+                    or 'alias' not in field_info._attributes_set
+                )
+            ):
+                unused_metadata.append((unused_metadata_name, unused_metadata_value))
+
+        return unused_metadata
+
+    def _get_wrapped_inner_schema(
+        self,
+        get_inner_schema: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        annotation: Any,
+        pydantic_js_annotation_functions: list[GetJsonSchemaFunction],
+        check_unsupported_field_info_attributes: bool = False,
+    ) -> CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler:
+        annotation_get_schema: GetCoreSchemaFunction | None = getattr(annotation, '__get_pydantic_core_schema__', None)
+
+        def new_handler(source: Any) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if annotation_get_schema is not None:
+                schema = annotation_get_schema(source, get_inner_schema)
+            else:
+                schema = get_inner_schema(source)
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation(
+                    schema,
+                    annotation,
+                    check_unsupported_field_info_attributes=check_unsupported_field_info_attributes,
+                )
+                schema = self._apply_single_annotation_json_schema(schema, annotation)
+
+            metadata_js_function = _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(annotation)
+            if metadata_js_function is not None:
+                pydantic_js_annotation_functions.append(metadata_js_function)
+            return schema
+
+        return CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(new_handler, self)
+
+    def _apply_field_serializers(
+        self,
+        schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+        serializers: list[Decorator[FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo]],
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Apply field serializers to a schema."""
+        if serializers:
+            schema = copy(schema)
+            if schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+                inner_schema = schema['schema']
+                schema['schema'] = self._apply_field_serializers(inner_schema, serializers)
+                return schema
+            elif 'ref' in schema:
+                schema = self.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+
+            # use the last serializer to make it easy to override a serializer set on a parent model
+            serializer = serializers[-1]
+            is_field_serializer, info_arg = inspect_field_serializer(serializer.func, serializer.info.mode)
+
+            if serializer.info.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+                return_type = serializer.info.return_type
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                    # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                    # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                    return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                        serializer.func, localns=self._types_namespace.locals
+                    )
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+            if return_type is PydanticUndefined:
+                return_schema = None
+            else:
+                return_schema = self.generate_schema(return_type)
+
+            if serializer.info.mode == 'wrap':
+                schema['serialization'] = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+            else:
+                assert serializer.info.mode == 'plain'
+                schema['serialization'] = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+        return schema
+
+    def _apply_model_serializers(
+        self, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, serializers: Iterable[Decorator[ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo]]
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Apply model serializers to a schema."""
+        ref: str | None = schema.pop('ref', None)  # type: ignore
+        if serializers:
+            serializer = list(serializers)[-1]
+            info_arg = inspect_model_serializer(serializer.func, serializer.info.mode)
+
+            if serializer.info.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+                return_type = serializer.info.return_type
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                    # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                    # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                    return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                        serializer.func, localns=self._types_namespace.locals
+                    )
+                except NameError as e:
+                    raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+            if return_type is PydanticUndefined:
+                return_schema = None
+            else:
+                return_schema = self.generate_schema(return_type)
+
+            if serializer.info.mode == 'wrap':
+                ser_schema: core_schema.SerSchema = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+            else:
+                # plain
+                ser_schema = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    serializer.func,
+                    info_arg=info_arg,
+                    return_schema=return_schema,
+                    when_used=serializer.info.when_used,
+                )
+            schema['serialization'] = ser_schema
+        if ref:
+            schema['ref'] = ref  # type: ignore
+        return schema
+
+
+_VALIDATOR_F_MATCH: Mapping[
+    tuple[FieldValidatorModes, Literal['no-info', 'with-info']],
+    Callable[[Callable[..., Any], core_schema.CoreSchema], core_schema.CoreSchema],
+] = {
+    ('before', 'no-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('after', 'no-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('plain', 'no-info'): lambda f, _: core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(f),
+    ('wrap', 'no-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('before', 'with-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('after', 'with-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(f, schema),
+    ('plain', 'with-info'): lambda f, _: core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(f),
+    ('wrap', 'with-info'): lambda f, schema: core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(f, schema),
+}
+
+
+# TODO V3: this function is only used for deprecated decorators. It should
+# be removed once we drop support for those.
+def apply_validators(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    validators: Iterable[Decorator[RootValidatorDecoratorInfo]]
+    | Iterable[Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]]
+    | Iterable[Decorator[FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]],
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Apply validators to a schema.
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to apply validators on.
+        validators: An iterable of validators.
+        field_name: The name of the field if validators are being applied to a model field.
+
+    Returns:
+        The updated schema.
+    """
+    for validator in validators:
+        # Actually, type could be 'field' or 'model', but this is only used for deprecated
+        # decorators, so let's not worry about it.
+        info_arg = inspect_validator(validator.func, mode=validator.info.mode, type='field')
+        val_type = 'with-info' if info_arg else 'no-info'
+
+        schema = _VALIDATOR_F_MATCH[(validator.info.mode, val_type)](validator.func, schema)
+    return schema
+
+
+def _validators_require_validate_default(validators: Iterable[Decorator[ValidatorDecoratorInfo]]) -> bool:
+    """In v1, if any of the validators for a field had `always=True`, the default value would be validated.
+
+    This serves as an auxiliary function for re-implementing that logic, by looping over a provided
+    collection of (v1-style) ValidatorDecoratorInfo's and checking if any of them have `always=True`.
+
+    We should be able to drop this function and the associated logic calling it once we drop support
+    for v1-style validator decorators. (Or we can extend it and keep it if we add something equivalent
+    to the v1-validator `always` kwarg to `field_validator`.)
+    """
+    for validator in validators:
+        if validator.info.always:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _convert_to_aliases(
+    alias: str | AliasChoices | AliasPath | None,
+) -> str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None:
+    if isinstance(alias, (AliasChoices, AliasPath)):
+        return alias.convert_to_aliases()
+    else:
+        return alias
+
+
+def apply_model_validators(
+    schema: core_schema.CoreSchema,
+    validators: Iterable[Decorator[ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]],
+    mode: Literal['inner', 'outer', 'all'],
+) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Apply model validators to a schema.
+
+    If mode == 'inner', only "before" validators are applied
+    If mode == 'outer', validators other than "before" are applied
+    If mode == 'all', all validators are applied
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to apply validators on.
+        validators: An iterable of validators.
+        mode: The validator mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        The updated schema.
+    """
+    ref: str | None = schema.pop('ref', None)  # type: ignore
+    for validator in validators:
+        if mode == 'inner' and validator.info.mode != 'before':
+            continue
+        if mode == 'outer' and validator.info.mode == 'before':
+            continue
+        info_arg = inspect_validator(validator.func, mode=validator.info.mode, type='model')
+        if validator.info.mode == 'wrap':
+            if info_arg:
+                schema = core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+            else:
+                schema = core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+        elif validator.info.mode == 'before':
+            if info_arg:
+                schema = core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+            else:
+                schema = core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+        else:
+            assert validator.info.mode == 'after'
+            if info_arg:
+                schema = core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+            else:
+                schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(function=validator.func, schema=schema)
+    if ref:
+        schema['ref'] = ref  # type: ignore
+    return schema
+
+
+def wrap_default(field_info: FieldInfo, schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+    """Wrap schema with default schema if default value or `default_factory` are available.
+
+    Args:
+        field_info: The field info object.
+        schema: The schema to apply default on.
+
+    Returns:
+        Updated schema by default value or `default_factory`.
+    """
+    if field_info.default_factory:
+        return core_schema.with_default_schema(
+            schema,
+            default_factory=field_info.default_factory,
+            default_factory_takes_data=takes_validated_data_argument(field_info.default_factory),
+            validate_default=field_info.validate_default,
+        )
+    elif field_info.default is not PydanticUndefined:
+        return core_schema.with_default_schema(
+            schema, default=field_info.default, validate_default=field_info.validate_default
+        )
+    else:
+        return schema
+
+
+def _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(tp: Any) -> GetJsonSchemaFunction | None:
+    """Extract `__get_pydantic_json_schema__` from a type, handling the deprecated `__modify_schema__`."""
+    js_modify_function = getattr(tp, '__get_pydantic_json_schema__', None)
+
+    if hasattr(tp, '__modify_schema__'):
+        BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        has_custom_v2_modify_js_func = (
+            js_modify_function is not None
+            and BaseModel.__get_pydantic_json_schema__.__func__  # type: ignore
+            not in (js_modify_function, getattr(js_modify_function, '__func__', None))
+        )
+
+        if not has_custom_v2_modify_js_func:
+            cls_name = getattr(tp, '__name__', None)
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'The `__modify_schema__` method is not supported in Pydantic v2. '
+                f'Use `__get_pydantic_json_schema__` instead{f" in class `{cls_name}`" if cls_name else ""}.',
+                code='custom-json-schema',
+            )
+
+    if (origin := get_origin(tp)) is not None:
+        # Generic aliases proxy attribute access to the origin, *except* dunder attributes,
+        # such as `__get_pydantic_json_schema__`, hence the explicit check.
+        return _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema(origin)
+
+    if js_modify_function is None:
+        return None
+
+    return js_modify_function
+
+
+def resolve_original_schema(schema: CoreSchema, definitions: _Definitions) -> CoreSchema | None:
+    if schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+        return definitions.get_schema_from_ref(schema['schema_ref'])
+    elif schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+        return schema['schema']
+    else:
+        return schema
+
+
+def _inlining_behavior(
+    def_ref: core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema,
+) -> Literal['inline', 'keep', 'preserve_metadata']:
+    """Determine the inlining behavior of the `'definition-ref'` schema.
+
+    - If no `'serialization'` schema and no metadata is attached, the schema can safely be inlined.
+    - If it has metadata but only related to the deferred discriminator application, it can be inlined
+      provided that such metadata is kept.
+    - Otherwise, the schema should not be inlined. Doing so would remove the `'serialization'` schema or metadata.
+    """
+    if 'serialization' in def_ref:
+        return 'keep'
+    metadata = def_ref.get('metadata')
+    if not metadata:
+        return 'inline'
+    if len(metadata) == 1 and 'pydantic_internal_union_discriminator' in metadata:
+        return 'preserve_metadata'
+    return 'keep'
+
+
+class _Definitions:
+    """Keeps track of references and definitions."""
+
+    _recursively_seen: set[str]
+    """A set of recursively seen references.
+
+    When a referenceable type is encountered, the `get_schema_or_ref` context manager is
+    entered to compute the reference. If the type references itself by some way (e.g. for
+    a dataclass a Pydantic model, the class can be referenced as a field annotation),
+    entering the context manager again will yield a `'definition-ref'` schema that should
+    short-circuit the normal generation process, as the reference was already in this set.
+    """
+
+    _definitions: dict[str, core_schema.CoreSchema]
+    """A mapping of references to their corresponding schema.
+
+    When a schema for a referenceable type is generated, it is stored in this mapping. If the
+    same type is encountered again, the reference is yielded by the `get_schema_or_ref` context
+    manager.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._recursively_seen = set()
+        self._definitions = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_schema_or_ref(self, tp: Any, /) -> Generator[tuple[str, core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema | None]]:
+        """Get a definition for `tp` if one exists.
+
+        If a definition exists, a tuple of `(ref_string, CoreSchema)` is returned.
+        If no definition exists yet, a tuple of `(ref_string, None)` is returned.
+
+        Note that the returned `CoreSchema` will always be a `DefinitionReferenceSchema`,
+        not the actual definition itself.
+
+        This should be called for any type that can be identified by reference.
+        This includes any recursive types.
+
+        At present the following types can be named/recursive:
+
+        - Pydantic model
+        - Pydantic and stdlib dataclasses
+        - Typed dictionaries
+        - Named tuples
+        - `TypeAliasType` instances
+        - Enums
+        """
+        ref = get_type_ref(tp)
+        # return the reference if we're either (1) in a cycle or (2) it the reference was already encountered:
+        if ref in self._recursively_seen or ref in self._definitions:
+            yield (ref, core_schema.definition_reference_schema(ref))
+        else:
+            self._recursively_seen.add(ref)
+            try:
+                yield (ref, None)
+            finally:
+                self._recursively_seen.discard(ref)
+
+    def get_schema_from_ref(self, ref: str) -> CoreSchema | None:
+        """Resolve the schema from the given reference."""
+        return self._definitions.get(ref)
+
+    def create_definition_reference_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema:
+        """Store the schema as a definition and return a `'definition-reference'` schema pointing to it.
+
+        The schema must have a reference attached to it.
+        """
+        ref = schema['ref']  # pyright: ignore
+        self._definitions[ref] = schema
+        return core_schema.definition_reference_schema(ref)
+
+    def unpack_definitions(self, schema: core_schema.DefinitionsSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Store the definitions of the `'definitions'` core schema and return the inner core schema."""
+        for def_schema in schema['definitions']:
+            self._definitions[def_schema['ref']] = def_schema  # pyright: ignore
+        return schema['schema']
+
+    def finalize_schema(self, schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema:
+        """Finalize the core schema.
+
+        This traverses the core schema and referenced definitions, replaces `'definition-ref'` schemas
+        by the referenced definition if possible, and applies deferred discriminators.
+        """
+        definitions = self._definitions
+        try:
+            gather_result = gather_schemas_for_cleaning(
+                schema,
+                definitions=definitions,
+            )
+        except MissingDefinitionError as e:
+            raise InvalidSchemaError from e
+
+        remaining_defs: dict[str, CoreSchema] = {}
+
+        # Note: this logic doesn't play well when core schemas with deferred discriminator metadata
+        # and references are encountered. See the `test_deferred_discriminated_union_and_references()` test.
+        for ref, inlinable_def_ref in gather_result['collected_references'].items():
+            if inlinable_def_ref is not None and (inlining_behavior := _inlining_behavior(inlinable_def_ref)) != 'keep':
+                if inlining_behavior == 'inline':
+                    # `ref` was encountered, and only once:
+                    #  - `inlinable_def_ref` is a `'definition-ref'` schema and is guaranteed to be
+                    #    the only one. Transform it into the definition it points to.
+                    #  - Do not store the definition in the `remaining_defs`.
+                    inlinable_def_ref.clear()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                    inlinable_def_ref.update(self._resolve_definition(ref, definitions))  # pyright: ignore
+                elif inlining_behavior == 'preserve_metadata':
+                    # `ref` was encountered, and only once, but contains discriminator metadata.
+                    # We will do the same thing as if `inlining_behavior` was `'inline'`, but make
+                    # sure to keep the metadata for the deferred discriminator application logic below.
+                    meta = inlinable_def_ref.pop('metadata')
+                    inlinable_def_ref.clear()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                    inlinable_def_ref.update(self._resolve_definition(ref, definitions))  # pyright: ignore
+                    inlinable_def_ref['metadata'] = meta
+            else:
+                # `ref` was encountered, at least two times (or only once, but with metadata or a serialization schema):
+                # - Do not inline the `'definition-ref'` schemas (they are not provided in the gather result anyway).
+                # - Store the definition in the `remaining_defs`
+                remaining_defs[ref] = self._resolve_definition(ref, definitions)
+
+        for cs in gather_result['deferred_discriminator_schemas']:
+            discriminator: str | None = cs['metadata'].pop('pydantic_internal_union_discriminator', None)  # pyright: ignore[reportTypedDictNotRequiredAccess]
+            if discriminator is None:
+                # This can happen in rare scenarios, when a deferred schema is present multiple times in the
+                # gather result (e.g. when using the `Sequence` type -- see `test_sequence_discriminated_union()`).
+                # In this case, a previous loop iteration applied the discriminator and so we can just skip it here.
+                continue
+            applied = _discriminated_union.apply_discriminator(cs.copy(), discriminator, remaining_defs)
+            # Mutate the schema directly to have the discriminator applied
+            cs.clear()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            cs.update(applied)  # pyright: ignore
+
+        if remaining_defs:
+            schema = core_schema.definitions_schema(schema=schema, definitions=[*remaining_defs.values()])
+        return schema
+
+    def _resolve_definition(self, ref: str, definitions: dict[str, CoreSchema]) -> CoreSchema:
+        definition = definitions[ref]
+        if definition['type'] != 'definition-ref':
+            return definition
+
+        # Some `'definition-ref'` schemas might act as "intermediate" references (e.g. when using
+        # a PEP 695 type alias (which is referenceable) that references another PEP 695 type alias):
+        visited: set[str] = set()
+        while definition['type'] == 'definition-ref' and _inlining_behavior(definition) == 'inline':
+            schema_ref = definition['schema_ref']
+            if schema_ref in visited:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'{ref} contains a circular reference to itself.', code='circular-reference-schema'
+                )
+            visited.add(schema_ref)
+            definition = definitions[schema_ref]
+        return {**definition, 'ref': ref}  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+class _FieldNameStack:
+    __slots__ = ('_stack',)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stack: list[str] = []
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, field_name: str) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self._stack.append(field_name)
+        yield
+        self._stack.pop()
+
+    def get(self) -> str | None:
+        if self._stack:
+            return self._stack[-1]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+
+class _ModelTypeStack:
+    __slots__ = ('_stack',)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stack: list[type] = []
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, type_obj: type) -> Iterator[None]:
+        self._stack.append(type_obj)
+        yield
+        self._stack.pop()
+
+    def get(self) -> type | None:
+        if self._stack:
+            return self._stack[-1]
+        else:
+            return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generics.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e927c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_generics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+from collections import ChainMap
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from contextvars import ContextVar
+from functools import reduce
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from types import prepare_class
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, TypedDict, TypeVar, cast
+from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from . import _typing_extra
+from ._core_utils import get_type_ref
+from ._forward_ref import PydanticRecursiveRef
+from ._utils import all_identical, is_model_class
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+
+GenericTypesCacheKey = tuple[Any, Any, tuple[Any, ...]]
+
+# Note: We want to remove LimitedDict, but to do this, we'd need to improve the handling of generics caching.
+#   Right now, to handle recursive generics, we some types must remain cached for brief periods without references.
+#   By chaining the WeakValuesDict with a LimitedDict, we have a way to retain caching for all types with references,
+#   while also retaining a limited number of types even without references. This is generally enough to build
+#   specific recursive generic models without losing required items out of the cache.
+
+KT = TypeVar('KT')
+VT = TypeVar('VT')
+_LIMITED_DICT_SIZE = 100
+
+
+class LimitedDict(dict[KT, VT]):
+    def __init__(self, size_limit: int = _LIMITED_DICT_SIZE) -> None:
+        self.size_limit = size_limit
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: KT, value: VT, /) -> None:
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+        if len(self) > self.size_limit:
+            excess = len(self) - self.size_limit + self.size_limit // 10
+            to_remove = list(self.keys())[:excess]
+            for k in to_remove:
+                del self[k]
+
+
+# weak dictionaries allow the dynamically created parametrized versions of generic models to get collected
+# once they are no longer referenced by the caller.
+GenericTypesCache = WeakValueDictionary[GenericTypesCacheKey, 'type[BaseModel]']
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class DeepChainMap(ChainMap[KT, VT]):  # type: ignore
+        ...
+
+else:
+
+    class DeepChainMap(ChainMap):
+        """Variant of ChainMap that allows direct updates to inner scopes.
+
+        Taken from https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.ChainMap,
+        with some light modifications for this use case.
+        """
+
+        def clear(self) -> None:
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                mapping.clear()
+
+        def __setitem__(self, key: KT, value: VT) -> None:
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                mapping[key] = value
+
+        def __delitem__(self, key: KT) -> None:
+            hit = False
+            for mapping in self.maps:
+                if key in mapping:
+                    del mapping[key]
+                    hit = True
+            if not hit:
+                raise KeyError(key)
+
+
+# Despite the fact that LimitedDict _seems_ no longer necessary, I'm very nervous to actually remove it
+# and discover later on that we need to re-add all this infrastructure...
+# _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE = DeepChainMap(GenericTypesCache(), LimitedDict())
+
+_GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE = GenericTypesCache()
+
+
+class PydanticGenericMetadata(TypedDict):
+    origin: type[BaseModel] | None  # analogous to typing._GenericAlias.__origin__
+    args: tuple[Any, ...]  # analogous to typing._GenericAlias.__args__
+    parameters: tuple[TypeVar, ...]  # analogous to typing.Generic.__parameters__
+
+
+def create_generic_submodel(
+    model_name: str, origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...], params: tuple[Any, ...]
+) -> type[BaseModel]:
+    """Dynamically create a submodel of a provided (generic) BaseModel.
+
+    This is used when producing concrete parametrizations of generic models. This function
+    only *creates* the new subclass; the schema/validators/serialization must be updated to
+    reflect a concrete parametrization elsewhere.
+
+    Args:
+        model_name: The name of the newly created model.
+        origin: The base class for the new model to inherit from.
+        args: A tuple of generic metadata arguments.
+        params: A tuple of generic metadata parameters.
+
+    Returns:
+        The created submodel.
+    """
+    namespace: dict[str, Any] = {'__module__': origin.__module__}
+    bases = (origin,)
+    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(model_name, bases)
+    namespace.update(ns)
+    created_model = meta(
+        model_name,
+        bases,
+        namespace,
+        __pydantic_generic_metadata__={
+            'origin': origin,
+            'args': args,
+            'parameters': params,
+        },
+        __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__=False,
+        **kwds,
+    )
+
+    model_module, called_globally = _get_caller_frame_info(depth=3)
+    if called_globally:  # create global reference and therefore allow pickling
+        object_by_reference = None
+        reference_name = model_name
+        reference_module_globals = sys.modules[created_model.__module__].__dict__
+        while object_by_reference is not created_model:
+            object_by_reference = reference_module_globals.setdefault(reference_name, created_model)
+            reference_name += '_'
+
+    return created_model
+
+
+def _get_caller_frame_info(depth: int = 2) -> tuple[str | None, bool]:
+    """Used inside a function to check whether it was called globally.
+
+    Args:
+        depth: The depth to get the frame.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple contains `module_name` and `called_globally`.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If the function is not called inside a function.
+    """
+    try:
+        previous_caller_frame = sys._getframe(depth)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError('This function must be used inside another function') from e
+    except AttributeError:  # sys module does not have _getframe function, so there's nothing we can do about it
+        return None, False
+    frame_globals = previous_caller_frame.f_globals
+    return frame_globals.get('__name__'), previous_caller_frame.f_locals is frame_globals
+
+
+DictValues: type[Any] = {}.values().__class__
+
+
+def iter_contained_typevars(v: Any) -> Iterator[TypeVar]:
+    """Recursively iterate through all subtypes and type args of `v` and yield any typevars that are found.
+
+    This is inspired as an alternative to directly accessing the `__parameters__` attribute of a GenericAlias,
+    since __parameters__ of (nested) generic BaseModel subclasses won't show up in that list.
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, TypeVar):
+        yield v
+    elif is_model_class(v):
+        yield from v.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters']
+    elif isinstance(v, (DictValues, list)):
+        for var in v:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(var)
+    else:
+        args = get_args(v)
+        for arg in args:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(arg)
+
+
+def get_args(v: Any) -> Any:
+    pydantic_generic_metadata: PydanticGenericMetadata | None = getattr(v, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', None)
+    if pydantic_generic_metadata:
+        return pydantic_generic_metadata.get('args')
+    return typing_extensions.get_args(v)
+
+
+def get_origin(v: Any) -> Any:
+    pydantic_generic_metadata: PydanticGenericMetadata | None = getattr(v, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', None)
+    if pydantic_generic_metadata:
+        return pydantic_generic_metadata.get('origin')
+    return typing_extensions.get_origin(v)
+
+
+def get_standard_typevars_map(cls: Any) -> dict[TypeVar, Any] | None:
+    """Package a generic type's typevars and parametrization (if present) into a dictionary compatible with the
+    `replace_types` function. Specifically, this works with standard typing generics and typing._GenericAlias.
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(cls)
+    if origin is None:
+        return None
+    if not hasattr(origin, '__parameters__'):
+        return None
+
+    # In this case, we know that cls is a _GenericAlias, and origin is the generic type
+    # So it is safe to access cls.__args__ and origin.__parameters__
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = cls.__args__  # type: ignore
+    parameters: tuple[TypeVar, ...] = origin.__parameters__
+    return dict(zip(parameters, args))
+
+
+def get_model_typevars_map(cls: type[BaseModel]) -> dict[TypeVar, Any]:
+    """Package a generic BaseModel's typevars and concrete parametrization (if present) into a dictionary compatible
+    with the `replace_types` function.
+
+    Since BaseModel.__class_getitem__ does not produce a typing._GenericAlias, and the BaseModel generic info is
+    stored in the __pydantic_generic_metadata__ attribute, we need special handling here.
+    """
+    # TODO: This could be unified with `get_standard_typevars_map` if we stored the generic metadata
+    #   in the __origin__, __args__, and __parameters__ attributes of the model.
+    generic_metadata = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__
+    origin = generic_metadata['origin']
+    args = generic_metadata['args']
+    if not args:
+        # No need to go into `iter_contained_typevars`:
+        return {}
+    return dict(zip(iter_contained_typevars(origin), args))
+
+
+def replace_types(type_: Any, type_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None) -> Any:
+    """Return type with all occurrences of `type_map` keys recursively replaced with their values.
+
+    Args:
+        type_: The class or generic alias.
+        type_map: Mapping from `TypeVar` instance to concrete types.
+
+    Returns:
+        A new type representing the basic structure of `type_` with all
+        `typevar_map` keys recursively replaced.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Union
+
+        from pydantic._internal._generics import replace_types
+
+        replace_types(tuple[str, Union[list[str], float]], {str: int})
+        #> tuple[int, Union[list[int], float]]
+        ```
+    """
+    if not type_map:
+        return type_
+
+    type_args = get_args(type_)
+    origin_type = get_origin(type_)
+
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(origin_type):
+        annotated_type, *annotations = type_args
+        annotated_type = replace_types(annotated_type, type_map)
+        # TODO remove parentheses when we drop support for Python 3.10:
+        return Annotated[(annotated_type, *annotations)]
+
+    # Having type args is a good indicator that this is a typing special form
+    # instance or a generic alias of some sort.
+    if type_args:
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(arg, type_map) for arg in type_args)
+        if all_identical(type_args, resolved_type_args):
+            # If all arguments are the same, there is no need to modify the
+            # type or create a new object at all
+            return type_
+
+        if (
+            origin_type is not None
+            and isinstance(type_, _typing_extra.typing_base)
+            and not isinstance(origin_type, _typing_extra.typing_base)
+            and getattr(type_, '_name', None) is not None
+        ):
+            # In python < 3.9 generic aliases don't exist so any of these like `list`,
+            # `type` or `collections.abc.Callable` need to be translated.
+            # See: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0585
+            origin_type = getattr(typing, type_._name)
+        assert origin_type is not None
+
+        if is_union_origin(origin_type):
+            if any(typing_objects.is_any(arg) for arg in resolved_type_args):
+                # `Any | T` ~ `Any`:
+                resolved_type_args = (Any,)
+            # `Never | T` ~ `T`:
+            resolved_type_args = tuple(
+                arg
+                for arg in resolved_type_args
+                if not (typing_objects.is_noreturn(arg) or typing_objects.is_never(arg))
+            )
+
+        # PEP-604 syntax (e.g. `list | str`) is represented with a types.UnionType object that does not
+        # implement `__getitem__()`. In Python 3.14+, `typing.Union` and `types.UnionType` are the same,
+        # and we instead rely on `typing.Union` as it implicitly converts string annotations to `ForwardRef`
+        # instances (this is to avoid type errors as per https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/105366).
+        # TODO remove type ignore comment when we drop support for Python 3.9 (https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/11241):
+        if (3, 10) <= sys.version_info < (3, 14) and origin_type is types.UnionType:  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            return reduce(operator.or_, resolved_type_args)
+        # NotRequired[T] and Required[T] don't support tuple type resolved_type_args, hence the condition below
+        return origin_type[resolved_type_args[0] if len(resolved_type_args) == 1 else resolved_type_args]
+
+    # We handle pydantic generic models separately as they don't have the same
+    # semantics as "typing" classes or generic aliases
+
+    if not origin_type and is_model_class(type_):
+        parameters = type_.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters']
+        if not parameters:
+            return type_
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(t, type_map) for t in parameters)
+        if all_identical(parameters, resolved_type_args):
+            return type_
+        return type_[resolved_type_args]
+
+    # Handle special case for typehints that can have lists as arguments.
+    # `typing.Callable[[int, str], int]` is an example for this.
+    if isinstance(type_, list):
+        resolved_list = [replace_types(element, type_map) for element in type_]
+        if all_identical(type_, resolved_list):
+            return type_
+        return resolved_list
+
+    # If all else fails, we try to resolve the type directly and otherwise just
+    # return the input with no modifications.
+    return type_map.get(type_, type_)
+
+
+def map_generic_model_arguments(cls: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...]) -> dict[TypeVar, Any]:
+    """Return a mapping between the parameters of a generic model and the provided arguments during parameterization.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If the number of arguments does not match the parameters (i.e. if providing too few or too many arguments).
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+        class Model[T, U, V = int](BaseModel): ...
+
+        map_generic_model_arguments(Model, (str, bytes))
+        #> {T: str, U: bytes, V: int}
+
+        map_generic_model_arguments(Model, (str,))
+        #> TypeError: Too few arguments for <class '__main__.Model'>; actual 1, expected at least 2
+
+        map_generic_model_arguments(Model, (str, bytes, int, complex))
+        #> TypeError: Too many arguments for <class '__main__.Model'>; actual 4, expected 3
+        ```
+
+    Note:
+        This function is analogous to the private `typing._check_generic_specialization` function.
+    """
+    parameters = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters']
+    expected_len = len(parameters)
+    typevars_map: dict[TypeVar, Any] = {}
+
+    _missing = object()
+    for parameter, argument in zip_longest(parameters, args, fillvalue=_missing):
+        if parameter is _missing:
+            raise TypeError(f'Too many arguments for {cls}; actual {len(args)}, expected {expected_len}')
+
+        if argument is _missing:
+            param = cast(TypeVar, parameter)
+            try:
+                has_default = param.has_default()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            except AttributeError:
+                # Happens if using `typing.TypeVar` (and not `typing_extensions`) on Python < 3.13.
+                has_default = False
+            if has_default:
+                # The default might refer to other type parameters. For an example, see:
+                # https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/generics.html#type-parameters-as-parameters-to-generics
+                typevars_map[param] = replace_types(param.__default__, typevars_map)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+            else:
+                expected_len -= sum(hasattr(p, 'has_default') and p.has_default() for p in parameters)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                raise TypeError(f'Too few arguments for {cls}; actual {len(args)}, expected at least {expected_len}')
+        else:
+            param = cast(TypeVar, parameter)
+            typevars_map[param] = argument
+
+    return typevars_map
+
+
+_generic_recursion_cache: ContextVar[set[str] | None] = ContextVar('_generic_recursion_cache', default=None)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def generic_recursion_self_type(
+    origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+) -> Iterator[PydanticRecursiveRef | None]:
+    """This contextmanager should be placed around the recursive calls used to build a generic type,
+    and accept as arguments the generic origin type and the type arguments being passed to it.
+
+    If the same origin and arguments are observed twice, it implies that a self-reference placeholder
+    can be used while building the core schema, and will produce a schema_ref that will be valid in the
+    final parent schema.
+    """
+    previously_seen_type_refs = _generic_recursion_cache.get()
+    if previously_seen_type_refs is None:
+        previously_seen_type_refs = set()
+        token = _generic_recursion_cache.set(previously_seen_type_refs)
+    else:
+        token = None
+
+    try:
+        type_ref = get_type_ref(origin, args_override=args)
+        if type_ref in previously_seen_type_refs:
+            self_type = PydanticRecursiveRef(type_ref=type_ref)
+            yield self_type
+        else:
+            previously_seen_type_refs.add(type_ref)
+            yield
+            previously_seen_type_refs.remove(type_ref)
+    finally:
+        if token:
+            _generic_recursion_cache.reset(token)
+
+
+def recursively_defined_type_refs() -> set[str]:
+    visited = _generic_recursion_cache.get()
+    if not visited:
+        return set()  # not in a generic recursion, so there are no types
+
+    return visited.copy()  # don't allow modifications
+
+
+def get_cached_generic_type_early(parent: type[BaseModel], typevar_values: Any) -> type[BaseModel] | None:
+    """The use of a two-stage cache lookup approach was necessary to have the highest performance possible for
+    repeated calls to `__class_getitem__` on generic types (which may happen in tighter loops during runtime),
+    while still ensuring that certain alternative parametrizations ultimately resolve to the same type.
+
+    As a concrete example, this approach was necessary to make Model[List[T]][int] equal to Model[List[int]].
+    The approach could be modified to not use two different cache keys at different points, but the
+    _early_cache_key is optimized to be as quick to compute as possible (for repeated-access speed), and the
+    _late_cache_key is optimized to be as "correct" as possible, so that two types that will ultimately be the
+    same after resolving the type arguments will always produce cache hits.
+
+    If we wanted to move to only using a single cache key per type, we would either need to always use the
+    slower/more computationally intensive logic associated with _late_cache_key, or would need to accept
+    that Model[List[T]][int] is a different type than Model[List[T]][int]. Because we rely on subclass relationships
+    during validation, I think it is worthwhile to ensure that types that are functionally equivalent are actually
+    equal.
+    """
+    return _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE.get(_early_cache_key(parent, typevar_values))
+
+
+def get_cached_generic_type_late(
+    parent: type[BaseModel], typevar_values: Any, origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...]
+) -> type[BaseModel] | None:
+    """See the docstring of `get_cached_generic_type_early` for more information about the two-stage cache lookup."""
+    cached = _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE.get(_late_cache_key(origin, args, typevar_values))
+    if cached is not None:
+        set_cached_generic_type(parent, typevar_values, cached, origin, args)
+    return cached
+
+
+def set_cached_generic_type(
+    parent: type[BaseModel],
+    typevar_values: tuple[Any, ...],
+    type_: type[BaseModel],
+    origin: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """See the docstring of `get_cached_generic_type_early` for more information about why items are cached with
+    two different keys.
+    """
+    _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE[_early_cache_key(parent, typevar_values)] = type_
+    if len(typevar_values) == 1:
+        _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE[_early_cache_key(parent, typevar_values[0])] = type_
+    if origin and args:
+        _GENERIC_TYPES_CACHE[_late_cache_key(origin, args, typevar_values)] = type_
+
+
+def _union_orderings_key(typevar_values: Any) -> Any:
+    """This is intended to help differentiate between Union types with the same arguments in different order.
+
+    Thanks to caching internal to the `typing` module, it is not possible to distinguish between
+    List[Union[int, float]] and List[Union[float, int]] (and similarly for other "parent" origins besides List)
+    because `typing` considers Union[int, float] to be equal to Union[float, int].
+
+    However, you _can_ distinguish between (top-level) Union[int, float] vs. Union[float, int].
+    Because we parse items as the first Union type that is successful, we get slightly more consistent behavior
+    if we make an effort to distinguish the ordering of items in a union. It would be best if we could _always_
+    get the exact-correct order of items in the union, but that would require a change to the `typing` module itself.
+    (See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86483 for reference.)
+    """
+    if isinstance(typevar_values, tuple):
+        return tuple(_union_orderings_key(value) for value in typevar_values)
+    elif typing_objects.is_union(typing_extensions.get_origin(typevar_values)):
+        return get_args(typevar_values)
+    else:
+        return ()
+
+
+def _early_cache_key(cls: type[BaseModel], typevar_values: Any) -> GenericTypesCacheKey:
+    """This is intended for minimal computational overhead during lookups of cached types.
+
+    Note that this is overly simplistic, and it's possible that two different cls/typevar_values
+    inputs would ultimately result in the same type being created in BaseModel.__class_getitem__.
+    To handle this, we have a fallback _late_cache_key that is checked later if the _early_cache_key
+    lookup fails, and should result in a cache hit _precisely_ when the inputs to __class_getitem__
+    would result in the same type.
+    """
+    return cls, typevar_values, _union_orderings_key(typevar_values)
+
+
+def _late_cache_key(origin: type[BaseModel], args: tuple[Any, ...], typevar_values: Any) -> GenericTypesCacheKey:
+    """This is intended for use later in the process of creating a new type, when we have more information
+    about the exact args that will be passed. If it turns out that a different set of inputs to
+    __class_getitem__ resulted in the same inputs to the generic type creation process, we can still
+    return the cached type, and update the cache with the _early_cache_key as well.
+    """
+    # The _union_orderings_key is placed at the start here to ensure there cannot be a collision with an
+    # _early_cache_key, as that function will always produce a BaseModel subclass as the first item in the key,
+    # whereas this function will always produce a tuple as the first item in the key.
+    return _union_orderings_key(typevar_values), origin, args
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_git.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_git.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96dcda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_git.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Git utilities, adopted from mypy's git utilities (https://github.com/python/mypy/blob/master/mypy/git.py)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def is_git_repo(dir: Path) -> bool:
+    """Is the given directory version-controlled with git?"""
+    return dir.joinpath('.git').exists()
+
+
+def have_git() -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Can we run the git executable?"""
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_output(['git', '--help'])
+        return True
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        return False
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def git_revision(dir: Path) -> str:
+    """Get the SHA-1 of the HEAD of a git repository."""
+    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], cwd=dir).decode('utf-8').strip()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_import_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_import_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638102f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_import_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from functools import cache
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+
+@cache
+def import_cached_base_model() -> type['BaseModel']:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    return BaseModel
+
+
+@cache
+def import_cached_field_info() -> type['FieldInfo']:
+    from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+    return FieldInfo
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_internal_dataclass.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_internal_dataclass.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33e152c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_internal_dataclass.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import sys
+
+# `slots` is available on Python >= 3.10
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    slots_true = {'slots': True}
+else:
+    slots_true = {}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_known_annotated_metadata.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_known_annotated_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5954dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_known_annotated_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from copy import copy
+from functools import lru_cache, partial
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, PydanticCustomError, ValidationError, to_jsonable_python
+from pydantic_core import core_schema as cs
+
+from ._fields import PydanticMetadata
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_field_info
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    pass
+
+STRICT = {'strict'}
+FAIL_FAST = {'fail_fast'}
+LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS = {'min_length', 'max_length'}
+INEQUALITY = {'le', 'ge', 'lt', 'gt'}
+NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS = {'multiple_of', *INEQUALITY}
+ALLOW_INF_NAN = {'allow_inf_nan'}
+
+STR_CONSTRAINTS = {
+    *LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS,
+    *STRICT,
+    'strip_whitespace',
+    'to_lower',
+    'to_upper',
+    'pattern',
+    'coerce_numbers_to_str',
+    'ascii_only',
+}
+BYTES_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+
+LIST_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT, *FAIL_FAST}
+TUPLE_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT, *FAIL_FAST}
+SET_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT, *FAIL_FAST}
+DICT_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+GENERATOR_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+SEQUENCE_CONSTRAINTS = {*LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS, *FAIL_FAST}
+
+FLOAT_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *ALLOW_INF_NAN, *STRICT}
+DECIMAL_CONSTRAINTS = {'max_digits', 'decimal_places', *FLOAT_CONSTRAINTS}
+INT_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *ALLOW_INF_NAN, *STRICT}
+BOOL_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+UUID_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+
+DATE_TIME_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+TIMEDELTA_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+TIME_CONSTRAINTS = {*NUMERIC_CONSTRAINTS, *STRICT}
+LAX_OR_STRICT_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+ENUM_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+COMPLEX_CONSTRAINTS = STRICT
+
+UNION_CONSTRAINTS = {'union_mode'}
+URL_CONSTRAINTS = {
+    'max_length',
+    'allowed_schemes',
+    'host_required',
+    'default_host',
+    'default_port',
+    'default_path',
+}
+
+TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('str', 'bytes', 'url', 'multi-host-url')
+SEQUENCE_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('list', 'tuple', 'set', 'frozenset', 'generator', *TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES)
+NUMERIC_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('float', 'int', 'date', 'time', 'timedelta', 'datetime')
+
+CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS: dict[str, set[str]] = defaultdict(set)
+
+constraint_schema_pairings: list[tuple[set[str], tuple[str, ...]]] = [
+    (STR_CONSTRAINTS, TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES),
+    (BYTES_CONSTRAINTS, ('bytes',)),
+    (LIST_CONSTRAINTS, ('list',)),
+    (TUPLE_CONSTRAINTS, ('tuple',)),
+    (SET_CONSTRAINTS, ('set', 'frozenset')),
+    (DICT_CONSTRAINTS, ('dict',)),
+    (GENERATOR_CONSTRAINTS, ('generator',)),
+    (FLOAT_CONSTRAINTS, ('float',)),
+    (INT_CONSTRAINTS, ('int',)),
+    (DATE_TIME_CONSTRAINTS, ('date', 'time', 'datetime', 'timedelta')),
+    # TODO: this is a bit redundant, we could probably avoid some of these
+    (STRICT, (*TEXT_SCHEMA_TYPES, *SEQUENCE_SCHEMA_TYPES, *NUMERIC_SCHEMA_TYPES, 'typed-dict', 'model')),
+    (UNION_CONSTRAINTS, ('union',)),
+    (URL_CONSTRAINTS, ('url', 'multi-host-url')),
+    (BOOL_CONSTRAINTS, ('bool',)),
+    (UUID_CONSTRAINTS, ('uuid',)),
+    (LAX_OR_STRICT_CONSTRAINTS, ('lax-or-strict',)),
+    (ENUM_CONSTRAINTS, ('enum',)),
+    (DECIMAL_CONSTRAINTS, ('decimal',)),
+    (COMPLEX_CONSTRAINTS, ('complex',)),
+]
+
+for constraints, schemas in constraint_schema_pairings:
+    for c in constraints:
+        CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS[c].update(schemas)
+
+
+def as_jsonable_value(v: Any) -> Any:
+    if type(v) not in (int, str, float, bytes, bool, type(None)):
+        return to_jsonable_python(v)
+    return v
+
+
+def expand_grouped_metadata(annotations: Iterable[Any]) -> Iterable[Any]:
+    """Expand the annotations.
+
+    Args:
+        annotations: An iterable of annotations.
+
+    Returns:
+        An iterable of expanded annotations.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from annotated_types import Ge, Len
+
+        from pydantic._internal._known_annotated_metadata import expand_grouped_metadata
+
+        print(list(expand_grouped_metadata([Ge(4), Len(5)])))
+        #> [Ge(ge=4), MinLen(min_length=5)]
+        ```
+    """
+    import annotated_types as at
+
+    FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    for annotation in annotations:
+        if isinstance(annotation, at.GroupedMetadata):
+            yield from annotation
+        elif isinstance(annotation, FieldInfo):
+            yield from annotation.metadata
+            # this is a bit problematic in that it results in duplicate metadata
+            # all of our "consumers" can handle it, but it is not ideal
+            # we probably should split up FieldInfo into:
+            # - annotated types metadata
+            # - individual metadata known only to Pydantic
+            annotation = copy(annotation)
+            annotation.metadata = []
+            yield annotation
+        else:
+            yield annotation
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def _get_at_to_constraint_map() -> dict[type, str]:
+    """Return a mapping of annotated types to constraints.
+
+    Normally, we would define a mapping like this in the module scope, but we can't do that
+    because we don't permit module level imports of `annotated_types`, in an attempt to speed up
+    the import time of `pydantic`. We still only want to have this dictionary defined in one place,
+    so we use this function to cache the result.
+    """
+    import annotated_types as at
+
+    return {
+        at.Gt: 'gt',
+        at.Ge: 'ge',
+        at.Lt: 'lt',
+        at.Le: 'le',
+        at.MultipleOf: 'multiple_of',
+        at.MinLen: 'min_length',
+        at.MaxLen: 'max_length',
+    }
+
+
+def apply_known_metadata(annotation: Any, schema: CoreSchema) -> CoreSchema | None:  # noqa: C901
+    """Apply `annotation` to `schema` if it is an annotation we know about (Gt, Le, etc.).
+    Otherwise return `None`.
+
+    This does not handle all known annotations. If / when it does, it can always
+    return a CoreSchema and return the unmodified schema if the annotation should be ignored.
+
+    Assumes that GroupedMetadata has already been expanded via `expand_grouped_metadata`.
+
+    Args:
+        annotation: The annotation.
+        schema: The schema.
+
+    Returns:
+        An updated schema with annotation if it is an annotation we know about, `None` otherwise.
+
+    Raises:
+        RuntimeError: If a constraint can't be applied to a specific schema type.
+        ValueError: If an unknown constraint is encountered.
+    """
+    import annotated_types as at
+
+    from ._validators import NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP, forbid_inf_nan_check
+
+    schema = schema.copy()
+    schema_update, other_metadata = collect_known_metadata([annotation])
+    schema_type = schema['type']
+
+    chain_schema_constraints: set[str] = {
+        'pattern',
+        'strip_whitespace',
+        'to_lower',
+        'to_upper',
+        'coerce_numbers_to_str',
+        'ascii_only',
+    }
+    chain_schema_steps: list[CoreSchema] = []
+
+    for constraint, value in schema_update.items():
+        if constraint not in CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unknown constraint {constraint}')
+        allowed_schemas = CONSTRAINTS_TO_ALLOWED_SCHEMAS[constraint]
+
+        # if it becomes necessary to handle more than one constraint
+        # in this recursive case with function-after or function-wrap, we should refactor
+        # this is a bit challenging because we sometimes want to apply constraints to the inner schema,
+        # whereas other times we want to wrap the existing schema with a new one that enforces a new constraint.
+        if schema_type in {'function-before', 'function-wrap', 'function-after'} and constraint == 'strict':
+            schema['schema'] = apply_known_metadata(annotation, schema['schema'])  # type: ignore  # schema is function schema
+            return schema
+
+        # if we're allowed to apply constraint directly to the schema, like le to int, do that
+        if schema_type in allowed_schemas:
+            if constraint == 'union_mode' and schema_type == 'union':
+                schema['mode'] = value  # type: ignore  # schema is UnionSchema
+            else:
+                schema[constraint] = value
+            continue
+
+        #  else, apply a function after validator to the schema to enforce the corresponding constraint
+        if constraint in chain_schema_constraints:
+
+            def _apply_constraint_with_incompatibility_info(
+                value: Any, handler: cs.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler
+            ) -> Any:
+                try:
+                    x = handler(value)
+                except ValidationError as ve:
+                    # if the error is about the type, it's likely that the constraint is incompatible the type of the field
+                    # for example, the following invalid schema wouldn't be caught during schema build, but rather at this point
+                    # with a cryptic 'string_type' error coming from the string validator,
+                    # that we'd rather express as a constraint incompatibility error (TypeError)
+                    # Annotated[list[int], Field(pattern='abc')]
+                    if 'type' in ve.errors()[0]['type']:
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Unable to apply constraint '{constraint}' to supplied value {value} for schema of type '{schema_type}'"  # noqa: B023
+                        )
+                    raise ve
+                return x
+
+            chain_schema_steps.append(
+                cs.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                    _apply_constraint_with_incompatibility_info, cs.str_schema(**{constraint: value})
+                )
+            )
+        elif constraint in NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP:
+            if constraint in LENGTH_CONSTRAINTS:
+                inner_schema = schema
+                while inner_schema['type'] in {'function-before', 'function-wrap', 'function-after'}:
+                    inner_schema = inner_schema['schema']  # type: ignore
+                inner_schema_type = inner_schema['type']
+                if inner_schema_type == 'list' or (
+                    inner_schema_type == 'json-or-python' and inner_schema['json_schema']['type'] == 'list'  # type: ignore
+                ):
+                    js_constraint_key = 'minItems' if constraint == 'min_length' else 'maxItems'
+                else:
+                    js_constraint_key = 'minLength' if constraint == 'min_length' else 'maxLength'
+            else:
+                js_constraint_key = constraint
+
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                partial(NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP[constraint], **{constraint: value}), schema
+            )
+            metadata = schema.get('metadata', {})
+            if (existing_json_schema_updates := metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates')) is not None:
+                metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = {
+                    **existing_json_schema_updates,
+                    **{js_constraint_key: as_jsonable_value(value)},
+                }
+            else:
+                metadata['pydantic_js_updates'] = {js_constraint_key: as_jsonable_value(value)}
+            schema['metadata'] = metadata
+        elif constraint == 'allow_inf_nan' and value is False:
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                forbid_inf_nan_check,
+                schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            # It's rare that we'd get here, but it's possible if we add a new constraint and forget to handle it
+            # Most constraint errors are caught at runtime during attempted application
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unable to apply constraint '{constraint}' to schema of type '{schema_type}'")
+
+    for annotation in other_metadata:
+        if (annotation_type := type(annotation)) in (at_to_constraint_map := _get_at_to_constraint_map()):
+            constraint = at_to_constraint_map[annotation_type]
+            validator = NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP.get(constraint)
+            if validator is None:
+                raise ValueError(f'Unknown constraint {constraint}')
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                partial(validator, {constraint: getattr(annotation, constraint)}), schema
+            )
+            continue
+        elif isinstance(annotation, (at.Predicate, at.Not)):
+            predicate_name = f'{annotation.func.__qualname__!r} ' if hasattr(annotation.func, '__qualname__') else ''
+
+            # Note: B023 is ignored because even though we iterate over `other_metadata`, it is guaranteed
+            # to be of length 1. `apply_known_metadata()` is called from `GenerateSchema`, where annotations
+            # were already expanded via `expand_grouped_metadata()`. Confusing, but this falls into the annotations
+            # refactor.
+            if isinstance(annotation, at.Predicate):
+
+                def val_func(v: Any) -> Any:
+                    predicate_satisfied = annotation.func(v)  # noqa: B023
+                    if not predicate_satisfied:
+                        raise PydanticCustomError(
+                            'predicate_failed',
+                            f'Predicate {predicate_name}failed',  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]  # noqa: B023
+                        )
+                    return v
+
+            else:
+
+                def val_func(v: Any) -> Any:
+                    predicate_satisfied = annotation.func(v)  # noqa: B023
+                    if predicate_satisfied:
+                        raise PydanticCustomError(
+                            'not_operation_failed',
+                            f'Not of {predicate_name}failed',  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]  # noqa: B023
+                        )
+                    return v
+
+            schema = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(val_func, schema)
+        else:
+            # ignore any other unknown metadata
+            return None
+
+    if chain_schema_steps:
+        chain_schema_steps = [schema] + chain_schema_steps
+        return cs.chain_schema(chain_schema_steps)
+
+    return schema
+
+
+def collect_known_metadata(annotations: Iterable[Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[Any]]:
+    """Split `annotations` into known metadata and unknown annotations.
+
+    Args:
+        annotations: An iterable of annotations.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple contains a dict of known metadata and a list of unknown annotations.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from annotated_types import Gt, Len
+
+        from pydantic._internal._known_annotated_metadata import collect_known_metadata
+
+        print(collect_known_metadata([Gt(1), Len(42), ...]))
+        #> ({'gt': 1, 'min_length': 42}, [Ellipsis])
+        ```
+    """
+    annotations = expand_grouped_metadata(annotations)
+
+    res: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    remaining: list[Any] = []
+
+    for annotation in annotations:
+        # isinstance(annotation, PydanticMetadata) also covers ._fields:_PydanticGeneralMetadata
+        if isinstance(annotation, PydanticMetadata):
+            res.update(annotation.__dict__)
+        # we don't use dataclasses.asdict because that recursively calls asdict on the field values
+        elif (annotation_type := type(annotation)) in (at_to_constraint_map := _get_at_to_constraint_map()):
+            constraint = at_to_constraint_map[annotation_type]
+            res[constraint] = getattr(annotation, constraint)
+        elif isinstance(annotation, type) and issubclass(annotation, PydanticMetadata):
+            # also support PydanticMetadata classes being used without initialisation,
+            # e.g. `Annotated[int, Strict]` as well as `Annotated[int, Strict()]`
+            res.update({k: v for k, v in vars(annotation).items() if not k.startswith('_')})
+        else:
+            remaining.append(annotation)
+    # Nones can sneak in but pydantic-core will reject them
+    # it'd be nice to clean things up so we don't put in None (we probably don't _need_ to, it was just easier)
+    # but this is simple enough to kick that can down the road
+    res = {k: v for k, v in res.items() if v is not None}
+    return res, remaining
+
+
+def check_metadata(metadata: dict[str, Any], allowed: Iterable[str], source_type: Any) -> None:
+    """A small utility function to validate that the given metadata can be applied to the target.
+    More than saving lines of code, this gives us a consistent error message for all of our internal implementations.
+
+    Args:
+        metadata: A dict of metadata.
+        allowed: An iterable of allowed metadata.
+        source_type: The source type.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If there is metadatas that can't be applied on source type.
+    """
+    unknown = metadata.keys() - set(allowed)
+    if unknown:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f'The following constraints cannot be applied to {source_type!r}: {", ".join([f"{k!r}" for k in unknown])}'
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_mock_val_ser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_mock_val_ser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9125ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_mock_val_ser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, SchemaSerializer, SchemaValidator
+
+from ..errors import PydanticErrorCodes, PydanticUserError
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ..type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+
+
+ValSer = TypeVar('ValSer', bound=Union[SchemaValidator, PluggableSchemaValidator, SchemaSerializer])
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class MockCoreSchema(Mapping[str, Any]):
+    """Mocker for `pydantic_core.CoreSchema` which optionally attempts to
+    rebuild the thing it's mocking when one of its methods is accessed and raises an error if that fails.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = '_error_message', '_code', '_attempt_rebuild', '_built_memo'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_message: str,
+        *,
+        code: PydanticErrorCodes,
+        attempt_rebuild: Callable[[], CoreSchema | None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._error_message = error_message
+        self._code: PydanticErrorCodes = code
+        self._attempt_rebuild = attempt_rebuild
+        self._built_memo: CoreSchema | None = None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self._get_built().__getitem__(key)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self._get_built().__len__()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return self._get_built().__iter__()
+
+    def _get_built(self) -> CoreSchema:
+        if self._built_memo is not None:
+            return self._built_memo
+
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            schema = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if schema is not None:
+                self._built_memo = schema
+                return schema
+        raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+
+    def rebuild(self) -> CoreSchema | None:
+        self._built_memo = None
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            schema = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if schema is not None:
+                return schema
+            else:
+                raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+        return None
+
+
+class MockValSer(Generic[ValSer]):
+    """Mocker for `pydantic_core.SchemaValidator` or `pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer` which optionally attempts to
+    rebuild the thing it's mocking when one of its methods is accessed and raises an error if that fails.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = '_error_message', '_code', '_val_or_ser', '_attempt_rebuild'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        error_message: str,
+        *,
+        code: PydanticErrorCodes,
+        val_or_ser: Literal['validator', 'serializer'],
+        attempt_rebuild: Callable[[], ValSer | None] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._error_message = error_message
+        self._val_or_ser = SchemaValidator if val_or_ser == 'validator' else SchemaSerializer
+        self._code: PydanticErrorCodes = code
+        self._attempt_rebuild = attempt_rebuild
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> None:
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            val_ser = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if val_ser is not None:
+                return getattr(val_ser, item)
+
+        # raise an AttributeError if `item` doesn't exist
+        getattr(self._val_or_ser, item)
+        raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+
+    def rebuild(self) -> ValSer | None:
+        if self._attempt_rebuild:
+            val_ser = self._attempt_rebuild()
+            if val_ser is not None:
+                return val_ser
+            else:
+                raise PydanticUserError(self._error_message, code=self._code)
+        return None
+
+
+def set_type_adapter_mocks(adapter: TypeAdapter) -> None:
+    """Set `core_schema`, `validator` and `serializer` to mock core types on a type adapter instance.
+
+    Args:
+        adapter: The type adapter instance to set the mocks on
+    """
+    type_repr = str(adapter._type)
+    undefined_type_error_message = (
+        f'`TypeAdapter[{type_repr}]` is not fully defined; you should define `{type_repr}` and all referenced types,'
+        f' then call `.rebuild()` on the instance.'
+    )
+
+    def attempt_rebuild_fn(attr_fn: Callable[[TypeAdapter], T]) -> Callable[[], T | None]:
+        def handler() -> T | None:
+            if adapter.rebuild(raise_errors=False, _parent_namespace_depth=5) is not False:
+                return attr_fn(adapter)
+            return None
+
+        return handler
+
+    adapter.core_schema = MockCoreSchema(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda ta: ta.core_schema),
+    )
+    adapter.validator = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='validator',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda ta: ta.validator),
+    )
+    adapter.serializer = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='serializer',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda ta: ta.serializer),
+    )
+
+
+def set_model_mocks(cls: type[BaseModel], undefined_name: str = 'all referenced types') -> None:
+    """Set `__pydantic_core_schema__`, `__pydantic_validator__` and `__pydantic_serializer__` to mock core types on a model.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The model class to set the mocks on
+        undefined_name: Name of the undefined thing, used in error messages
+    """
+    undefined_type_error_message = (
+        f'`{cls.__name__}` is not fully defined; you should define {undefined_name},'
+        f' then call `{cls.__name__}.model_rebuild()`.'
+    )
+
+    def attempt_rebuild_fn(attr_fn: Callable[[type[BaseModel]], T]) -> Callable[[], T | None]:
+        def handler() -> T | None:
+            if cls.model_rebuild(raise_errors=False, _parent_namespace_depth=5) is not False:
+                return attr_fn(cls)
+            return None
+
+        return handler
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = MockCoreSchema(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_core_schema__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='validator',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_validator__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='serializer',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_serializer__),
+    )
+
+
+def set_dataclass_mocks(cls: type[PydanticDataclass], undefined_name: str = 'all referenced types') -> None:
+    """Set `__pydantic_validator__` and `__pydantic_serializer__` to `MockValSer`s on a dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The model class to set the mocks on
+        undefined_name: Name of the undefined thing, used in error messages
+    """
+    from ..dataclasses import rebuild_dataclass
+
+    undefined_type_error_message = (
+        f'`{cls.__name__}` is not fully defined; you should define {undefined_name},'
+        f' then call `pydantic.dataclasses.rebuild_dataclass({cls.__name__})`.'
+    )
+
+    def attempt_rebuild_fn(attr_fn: Callable[[type[PydanticDataclass]], T]) -> Callable[[], T | None]:
+        def handler() -> T | None:
+            if rebuild_dataclass(cls, raise_errors=False, _parent_namespace_depth=5) is not False:
+                return attr_fn(cls)
+            return None
+
+        return handler
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = MockCoreSchema(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_core_schema__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='validator',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_validator__),
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = MockValSer(  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        undefined_type_error_message,
+        code='class-not-fully-defined',
+        val_or_ser='serializer',
+        attempt_rebuild=attempt_rebuild_fn(lambda c: c.__pydantic_serializer__),
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b794544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_model_construction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,868 @@
+"""Private logic for creating models."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import operator
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from functools import cache, partial, wraps
+from types import FunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, NoReturn, TypeVar, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, SchemaSerializer
+from typing_extensions import TypeAliasType, dataclass_transform, deprecated, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from ..errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation, PydanticUserError
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import create_schema_validator
+from ..warnings import GenericBeforeBaseModelWarning, PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+from ._decorators import DecoratorInfos, PydanticDescriptorProxy, get_attribute_from_bases, unwrap_wrapped_function
+from ._fields import collect_model_fields, is_valid_field_name, is_valid_privateattr_name, rebuild_model_fields
+from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema, InvalidSchemaError
+from ._generics import PydanticGenericMetadata, get_model_typevars_map
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model, import_cached_field_info
+from ._mock_val_ser import set_model_mocks
+from ._namespace_utils import NsResolver
+from ._signature import generate_pydantic_signature
+from ._typing_extra import (
+    _make_forward_ref,
+    eval_type_backport,
+    is_classvar_annotation,
+    parent_frame_namespace,
+)
+from ._utils import LazyClassAttribute, SafeGetItemProxy
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fields import Field as PydanticModelField
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo, ModelPrivateAttr
+    from ..fields import PrivateAttr as PydanticModelPrivateAttr
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+    from ._fields import PydanticExtraInfo
+else:
+    PydanticModelField = object()
+    PydanticModelPrivateAttr = object()
+
+object_setattr = object.__setattr__
+
+
+class _ModelNamespaceDict(dict):
+    """A dictionary subclass that intercepts attribute setting on model classes and
+    warns about overriding of decorators.
+    """
+
+    def __setitem__(self, k: str, v: object) -> None:
+        existing: Any = self.get(k, None)
+        if existing and v is not existing and isinstance(existing, PydanticDescriptorProxy):
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'`{k}` overrides an existing Pydantic `{existing.decorator_info.decorator_repr}` decorator',
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        return super().__setitem__(k, v)
+
+
+def NoInitField(
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Only for typing purposes. Used as default value of `__pydantic_fields_set__`,
+    `__pydantic_extra__`, `__pydantic_private__`, so they could be ignored when
+    synthesizing the `__init__` signature.
+    """
+
+
+# For ModelMetaclass.register():
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=True, field_specifiers=(PydanticModelField, PydanticModelPrivateAttr, NoInitField))
+class ModelMetaclass(ABCMeta):
+    def __new__(
+        mcs,
+        cls_name: str,
+        bases: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+        namespace: dict[str, Any],
+        __pydantic_generic_metadata__: PydanticGenericMetadata | None = None,
+        __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__: bool = True,
+        _create_model_module: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> type:
+        """Metaclass for creating Pydantic models.
+
+        Args:
+            cls_name: The name of the class to be created.
+            bases: The base classes of the class to be created.
+            namespace: The attribute dictionary of the class to be created.
+            __pydantic_generic_metadata__: Metadata for generic models.
+            __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__: Reset parent namespace.
+            _create_model_module: The module of the class to be created, if created by `create_model`.
+            **kwargs: Catch-all for any other keyword arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new class created by the metaclass.
+        """
+        # Note `ModelMetaclass` refers to `BaseModel`, but is also used to *create* `BaseModel`, so we rely on the fact
+        # that `BaseModel` itself won't have any bases, but any subclass of it will, to determine whether the `__new__`
+        # call we're in the middle of is for the `BaseModel` class.
+        if bases:
+            raw_annotations: dict[str, Any]
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                if (
+                    '__annotations__' in namespace
+                ):  # `from __future__ import annotations` was used in the model's module
+                    raw_annotations = namespace['__annotations__']
+                else:
+                    # See https://docs.python.org/3.14/library/annotationlib.html#using-annotations-in-a-metaclass:
+                    from annotationlib import Format, call_annotate_function, get_annotate_from_class_namespace
+
+                    if annotate := get_annotate_from_class_namespace(namespace):
+                        raw_annotations = call_annotate_function(annotate, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+                    else:
+                        raw_annotations = {}
+            else:
+                raw_annotations = namespace.get('__annotations__', {})
+
+            base_field_names, class_vars, base_private_attributes = mcs._collect_bases_data(bases)
+
+            config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper.for_model(bases, namespace, raw_annotations, kwargs)
+            namespace['model_config'] = config_wrapper.config_dict
+            private_attributes = inspect_namespace(
+                namespace, raw_annotations, config_wrapper.ignored_types, class_vars, base_field_names
+            )
+            if private_attributes or base_private_attributes:
+                original_model_post_init = get_model_post_init(namespace, bases)
+                if original_model_post_init is not None:
+                    # if there are private attributes and a model_post_init function, we handle both
+
+                    @wraps(original_model_post_init)
+                    def wrapped_model_post_init(self: BaseModel, context: Any, /) -> None:
+                        """We need to both initialize private attributes and call the user-defined model_post_init
+                        method.
+                        """
+                        init_private_attributes(self, context)
+                        original_model_post_init(self, context)
+
+                    namespace['model_post_init'] = wrapped_model_post_init
+                else:
+                    namespace['model_post_init'] = init_private_attributes
+
+            namespace['__class_vars__'] = class_vars
+            namespace['__private_attributes__'] = {**base_private_attributes, **private_attributes}
+
+            cls = cast('type[BaseModel]', super().__new__(mcs, cls_name, bases, namespace, **kwargs))
+            BaseModel_ = import_cached_base_model()
+
+            mro = cls.__mro__
+            if Generic in mro and mro.index(Generic) < mro.index(BaseModel_):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    GenericBeforeBaseModelWarning(
+                        'Classes should inherit from `BaseModel` before generic classes (e.g. `typing.Generic[T]`) '
+                        'for pydantic generics to work properly.'
+                    ),
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+
+            cls.__pydantic_custom_init__ = not getattr(cls.__init__, '__pydantic_base_init__', False)
+            cls.__pydantic_post_init__ = (
+                None if cls.model_post_init is BaseModel_.model_post_init else 'model_post_init'
+            )
+
+            cls.__pydantic_setattr_handlers__ = {}
+
+            cls.__pydantic_decorators__ = DecoratorInfos.build(cls, replace_wrapped_methods=True)
+            cls.__pydantic_decorators__.update_from_config(config_wrapper)
+
+            # Use the getattr below to grab the __parameters__ from the `typing.Generic` parent class
+            if __pydantic_generic_metadata__:
+                cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__ = __pydantic_generic_metadata__
+            else:
+                parent_parameters = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_generic_metadata__', {}).get('parameters', ())
+                parameters = getattr(cls, '__parameters__', None) or parent_parameters
+                if parameters and parent_parameters and not all(x in parameters for x in parent_parameters):
+                    from ..root_model import RootModelRootType
+
+                    missing_parameters = tuple(x for x in parameters if x not in parent_parameters)
+                    if RootModelRootType in parent_parameters and RootModelRootType not in parameters:
+                        # This is a special case where the user has subclassed RootModel, but has not parameterized
+                        # RootModel with the generic type identifiers being used. Ex:
+                        # class MyModel(RootModel, Generic[T]):
+                        #    root: T
+                        # Should instead just be:
+                        # class MyModel(RootModel[T]):
+                        #   root: T
+                        parameters_str = ', '.join([x.__name__ for x in missing_parameters])
+                        error_message = (
+                            f'{cls.__name__} is a subclass of `RootModel`, but does not include the generic type identifier(s) '
+                            f'{parameters_str} in its parameters. '
+                            f'You should parametrize RootModel directly, e.g., `class {cls.__name__}(RootModel[{parameters_str}]): ...`.'
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        combined_parameters = parent_parameters + missing_parameters
+                        parameters_str = ', '.join([str(x) for x in combined_parameters])
+                        generic_type_label = f'typing.Generic[{parameters_str}]'
+                        error_message = (
+                            f'All parameters must be present on typing.Generic;'
+                            f' you should inherit from {generic_type_label}.'
+                        )
+                        if Generic not in bases:  # pragma: no cover
+                            # We raise an error here not because it is desirable, but because some cases are mishandled.
+                            # It would be nice to remove this error and still have things behave as expected, it's just
+                            # challenging because we are using a custom `__class_getitem__` to parametrize generic models,
+                            # and not returning a typing._GenericAlias from it.
+                            bases_str = ', '.join([x.__name__ for x in bases] + [generic_type_label])
+                            error_message += (
+                                f' Note: `typing.Generic` must go last: `class {cls.__name__}({bases_str}): ...`)'
+                            )
+                    raise TypeError(error_message)
+
+                cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__ = {
+                    'origin': None,
+                    'args': (),
+                    'parameters': parameters,
+                }
+
+            cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False  # Ensure this specific class gets completed
+
+            # preserve `__set_name__` protocol defined in https://peps.python.org/pep-0487
+            # for attributes not in `new_namespace` (e.g. private attributes)
+            for name, obj in private_attributes.items():
+                obj.__set_name__(cls, name)
+
+            if __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__:
+                cls.__pydantic_parent_namespace__ = build_lenient_weakvaluedict(parent_frame_namespace())
+            parent_namespace: dict[str, Any] | None = getattr(cls, '__pydantic_parent_namespace__', None)
+            if isinstance(parent_namespace, dict):
+                parent_namespace = unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(parent_namespace)
+
+            ns_resolver = NsResolver(parent_namespace=parent_namespace)
+
+            set_model_fields(cls, config_wrapper=config_wrapper, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+            # This is also set in `complete_model_class()`, after schema gen because they are recreated.
+            # We set them here as well for backwards compatibility:
+            cls.__pydantic_computed_fields__ = {
+                k: v.info for k, v in cls.__pydantic_decorators__.computed_fields.items()
+            }
+
+            if config_wrapper.defer_build:
+                set_model_mocks(cls)
+            else:
+                # Any operation that requires accessing the field infos instances should be put inside
+                # `complete_model_class()`:
+                complete_model_class(
+                    cls,
+                    config_wrapper,
+                    ns_resolver,
+                    raise_errors=False,
+                    create_model_module=_create_model_module,
+                )
+
+            if config_wrapper.frozen and '__hash__' not in namespace:
+                set_default_hash_func(cls, bases)
+
+            # using super(cls, cls) on the next line ensures we only call the parent class's __pydantic_init_subclass__
+            # I believe the `type: ignore` is only necessary because mypy doesn't realize that this code branch is
+            # only hit for _proper_ subclasses of BaseModel
+            super(cls, cls).__pydantic_init_subclass__(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[misc]
+            return cls
+        else:
+            # These are instance variables, but have been assigned to `NoInitField` to trick the type checker.
+            for instance_slot in '__pydantic_fields_set__', '__pydantic_extra__', '__pydantic_private__':
+                namespace.pop(
+                    instance_slot,
+                    None,  # In case the metaclass is used with a class other than `BaseModel`.
+                )
+            namespace.get('__annotations__', {}).clear()
+            return super().__new__(mcs, cls_name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no branch
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            """This is necessary to keep attribute access working for class attribute access."""
+            private_attributes = self.__dict__.get('__private_attributes__')
+            if private_attributes and item in private_attributes:
+                return private_attributes[item]
+            raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __prepare__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> dict[str, object]:
+        return _ModelNamespaceDict()
+
+    # Due to performance and memory issues, in the ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__ implementation, we don't support
+    # registered virtual subclasses. See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/92810#issuecomment-2762454345.
+    # This may change once CPython is fixed (possibly in 3.15), in which case we should conditionally
+    # define `register()`.
+    def register(self, subclass: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"For performance reasons, virtual subclasses registered using '{self.__qualname__}.register()' "
+            "are not supported in 'isinstance()' and 'issubclass()' checks.",
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return super().register(subclass)
+
+    __instancecheck__ = type.__instancecheck__  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+    __subclasscheck__ = type.__subclasscheck__  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _collect_bases_data(bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> tuple[set[str], set[str], dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]:
+        BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+        field_names: set[str] = set()
+        class_vars: set[str] = set()
+        private_attributes: dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+        for base in bases:
+            if issubclass(base, BaseModel) and base is not BaseModel:
+                # model_fields might not be defined yet in the case of generics, so we use getattr here:
+                field_names.update(getattr(base, '__pydantic_fields__', {}).keys())
+                class_vars.update(base.__class_vars__)
+                private_attributes.update(base.__private_attributes__)
+        return field_names, class_vars, private_attributes
+
+    @property
+    @deprecated(
+        'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.', category=None
+    )
+    def __fields__(self) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return getattr(self, '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+
+    @property
+    def __pydantic_fields_complete__(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether the fields were successfully collected (i.e. type hints were successfully resolved).
+
+        This is a private attribute, not meant to be used outside Pydantic.
+        """
+        if '__pydantic_fields__' not in self.__dict__:
+            return False
+
+        field_infos = cast('dict[str, FieldInfo]', self.__pydantic_fields__)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+        pydantic_extra_info = cast('PydanticExtraInfo | None', self.__pydantic_extra_info__)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        if pydantic_extra_info is not None:
+            extra_complete = pydantic_extra_info.complete
+        else:
+            extra_complete = True
+
+        return all(field_info._complete for field_info in field_infos.values()) and extra_complete
+
+    def __dir__(self) -> list[str]:
+        attributes = list(super().__dir__())
+        if '__fields__' in attributes:
+            attributes.remove('__fields__')
+        return attributes
+
+
+def init_private_attributes(self: BaseModel, context: Any, /) -> None:
+    """This function is meant to behave like a BaseModel method to initialize private attributes.
+
+    It takes context as an argument since that's what pydantic-core passes when calling it.
+
+    Args:
+        self: The BaseModel instance.
+        context: The context.
+    """
+    if getattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', None) is None:
+        pydantic_private = {}
+        for name, private_attr in self.__private_attributes__.items():
+            # Avoid needlessly creating a new dict for the validated data:
+            if private_attr.default_factory_takes_validated_data:
+                default = private_attr.get_default(
+                    call_default_factory=True, validated_data={**self.__dict__, **pydantic_private}
+                )
+            else:
+                default = private_attr.get_default(call_default_factory=True)
+            if default is not PydanticUndefined:
+                pydantic_private[name] = default
+        object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', pydantic_private)
+
+
+def get_model_post_init(namespace: dict[str, Any], bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> Callable[..., Any] | None:
+    """Get the `model_post_init` method from the namespace or the class bases, or `None` if not defined."""
+    if 'model_post_init' in namespace:
+        return namespace['model_post_init']
+
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    model_post_init = get_attribute_from_bases(bases, 'model_post_init')
+    if model_post_init is not BaseModel.model_post_init:
+        return model_post_init
+
+
+def inspect_namespace(  # noqa C901
+    namespace: dict[str, Any],
+    raw_annotations: dict[str, Any],
+    ignored_types: tuple[type[Any], ...],
+    base_class_vars: set[str],
+    base_class_fields: set[str],
+) -> dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]:
+    """Iterate over the namespace and:
+    * gather private attributes
+    * check for items which look like fields but are not (e.g. have no annotation) and warn.
+
+    Args:
+        namespace: The attribute dictionary of the class to be created.
+        raw_annotations: The (non-evaluated) annotations of the model.
+        ignored_types: A tuple of ignore types.
+        base_class_vars: A set of base class class variables.
+        base_class_fields: A set of base class fields.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dict containing private attributes info.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If there is a `__root__` field in model.
+        NameError: If private attribute name is invalid.
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If a field does not have a type annotation.
+            - If a field on base class was overridden by a non-annotated attribute.
+    """
+    from ..fields import ModelPrivateAttr, PrivateAttr
+
+    FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    all_ignored_types = ignored_types + default_ignored_types()
+
+    private_attributes: dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+
+    if '__root__' in raw_annotations or '__root__' in namespace:
+        raise TypeError("To define root models, use `pydantic.RootModel` rather than a field called '__root__'")
+
+    ignored_names: set[str] = set()
+    for var_name, value in list(namespace.items()):
+        if var_name == 'model_config' or var_name == '__pydantic_extra__':
+            continue
+        elif (
+            isinstance(value, type)
+            and value.__module__ == namespace['__module__']
+            and '__qualname__' in namespace
+            and value.__qualname__.startswith(f'{namespace["__qualname__"]}.')
+        ):
+            # `value` is a nested type defined in this namespace; don't error
+            continue
+        elif isinstance(value, all_ignored_types) or value.__class__.__module__ == 'functools':
+            ignored_names.add(var_name)
+            continue
+        elif isinstance(value, ModelPrivateAttr):
+            if var_name.startswith('__'):
+                raise NameError(
+                    'Private attributes must not use dunder names;'
+                    f' use a single underscore prefix instead of {var_name!r}.'
+                )
+            elif is_valid_field_name(var_name):
+                raise NameError(
+                    'Private attributes must not use valid field names;'
+                    f' use sunder names, e.g. {"_" + var_name!r} instead of {var_name!r}.'
+                )
+            private_attributes[var_name] = value
+            del namespace[var_name]
+        elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo) and not is_valid_field_name(var_name):
+            suggested_name = var_name.lstrip('_') or 'my_field'  # don't suggest '' for all-underscore name
+            raise NameError(
+                f'Fields must not use names with leading underscores;'
+                f' e.g., use {suggested_name!r} instead of {var_name!r}.'
+            )
+
+        elif var_name.startswith('__'):
+            continue
+        elif is_valid_privateattr_name(var_name):
+            if var_name not in raw_annotations or not is_classvar_annotation(raw_annotations[var_name]):
+                private_attributes[var_name] = cast(ModelPrivateAttr, PrivateAttr(default=value))
+                del namespace[var_name]
+        elif var_name in base_class_vars:
+            continue
+        elif var_name not in raw_annotations:
+            if var_name in base_class_fields:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Field {var_name!r} defined on a base class was overridden by a non-annotated attribute. '
+                    f'All field definitions, including overrides, require a type annotation.',
+                    code='model-field-overridden',
+                )
+            elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo):
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Field {var_name!r} requires a type annotation', code='model-field-missing-annotation'
+                )
+            else:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'A non-annotated attribute was detected: `{var_name} = {value!r}`. All model fields require a '
+                    f'type annotation; if `{var_name}` is not meant to be a field, you may be able to resolve this '
+                    f"error by annotating it as a `ClassVar` or updating `model_config['ignored_types']`.",
+                    code='model-field-missing-annotation',
+                )
+
+    for ann_name, ann_type in raw_annotations.items():
+        if (
+            is_valid_privateattr_name(ann_name)
+            and ann_name not in private_attributes
+            and ann_name not in ignored_names
+            # This condition can be a false negative when `ann_type` is stringified,
+            # but it is handled in most cases in `set_model_fields`:
+            and not is_classvar_annotation(ann_type)
+            and ann_type not in all_ignored_types
+            and getattr(ann_type, '__module__', None) != 'functools'
+        ):
+            if isinstance(ann_type, str):
+                # Walking up the frames to get the module namespace where the model is defined
+                # (as the model class wasn't created yet, we unfortunately can't use `cls.__module__`):
+                frame = sys._getframe(2)
+                if frame is not None:
+                    try:
+                        ann_type = eval_type_backport(
+                            _make_forward_ref(ann_type, is_argument=False, is_class=True),
+                            globalns=frame.f_globals,
+                            localns=frame.f_locals,
+                        )
+                    except (NameError, TypeError):
+                        pass
+
+            if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(ann_type)):
+                _, *metadata = get_args(ann_type)
+                private_attr = next((v for v in metadata if isinstance(v, ModelPrivateAttr)), None)
+                if private_attr is not None:
+                    private_attributes[ann_name] = private_attr
+                    continue
+            private_attributes[ann_name] = PrivateAttr()
+
+    return private_attributes
+
+
+def set_default_hash_func(cls: type[BaseModel], bases: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> None:
+    base_hash_func = get_attribute_from_bases(bases, '__hash__')
+    new_hash_func = make_hash_func(cls)
+    if base_hash_func in {None, object.__hash__} or getattr(base_hash_func, '__code__', None) == new_hash_func.__code__:
+        # If `__hash__` is some default, we generate a hash function.
+        # It will be `None` if not overridden from BaseModel.
+        # It may be `object.__hash__` if there is another
+        # parent class earlier in the bases which doesn't override `__hash__` (e.g. `typing.Generic`).
+        # It may be a value set by `set_default_hash_func` if `cls` is a subclass of another frozen model.
+        # In the last case we still need a new hash function to account for new `model_fields`.
+        cls.__hash__ = new_hash_func
+
+
+def make_hash_func(cls: type[BaseModel]) -> Any:
+    getter = operator.itemgetter(*cls.__pydantic_fields__.keys()) if cls.__pydantic_fields__ else lambda _: 0
+
+    def hash_func(self: Any) -> int:
+        try:
+            return hash(getter(self.__dict__))
+        except KeyError:
+            # In rare cases (such as when using the deprecated copy method), the __dict__ may not contain
+            # all model fields, which is how we can get here.
+            # getter(self.__dict__) is much faster than any 'safe' method that accounts for missing keys,
+            # and wrapping it in a `try` doesn't slow things down much in the common case.
+            return hash(getter(SafeGetItemProxy(self.__dict__)))
+
+    return hash_func
+
+
+def set_model_fields(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+) -> None:
+    """Collect and set `cls.__pydantic_fields__` and `cls.__class_vars__`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: BaseModel or dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: Namespace resolver to use when getting model annotations.
+    """
+    typevars_map = get_model_typevars_map(cls)
+    fields, pydantic_extra_info, class_vars = collect_model_fields(
+        cls, config_wrapper, ns_resolver, typevars_map=typevars_map
+    )
+
+    cls.__pydantic_fields__ = fields
+    cls.__pydantic_extra_info__ = pydantic_extra_info
+    cls.__class_vars__.update(class_vars)
+
+    for k in class_vars:
+        # Class vars should not be private attributes
+        #     We remove them _here_ and not earlier because we rely on inspecting the class to determine its classvars,
+        #     but private attributes are determined by inspecting the namespace _prior_ to class creation.
+        #     In the case that a classvar with a leading-'_' is defined via a ForwardRef (e.g., when using
+        #     `__future__.annotations`), we want to remove the private attribute which was detected _before_ we knew it
+        #     evaluated to a classvar
+
+        value = cls.__private_attributes__.pop(k, None)
+        if value is not None and value.default is not PydanticUndefined:
+            setattr(cls, k, value.default)
+
+
+def complete_model_class(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver,
+    *,
+    raise_errors: bool = True,
+    call_on_complete_hook: bool = True,
+    create_model_module: str | None = None,
+    is_force_rebuild: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Finish building a model class.
+
+    This logic must be called after class has been created since validation functions must be bound
+    and `get_type_hints` requires a class object.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: BaseModel or dataclass.
+        config_wrapper: The config wrapper instance.
+        ns_resolver: The namespace resolver instance to use during schema building.
+        raise_errors: Whether to raise errors.
+        call_on_complete_hook: Whether to call the `__pydantic_on_complete__` hook.
+        create_model_module: The module of the class to be created, if created by `create_model`.
+        is_force_rebuild: Whether the model is being force-rebuilt (if True, pre-built serializers and
+                          validators are not used, to avoid stale references).
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the model is successfully completed, else `False`.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUndefinedAnnotation: If PydanticUndefinedAnnotation occurs in __get_pydantic_core_schema__
+            and `raise_errors=True`.
+    """
+    typevars_map = get_model_typevars_map(cls)
+
+    if not cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__:
+        # Note: when coming from `ModelMetaclass.__new__()`, this results in fields being built twice.
+        # We do so a second time here so that we can get the ``NameError`` for the specific undefined annotation.
+        # Alternatively, we could let `GenerateSchema()` raise the error, but there are cases where incomplete
+        # fields are inherited in `collect_model_fields()` and can actually have their annotation resolved in the
+        # generate schema process. As we want to avoid having `__pydantic_fields_complete__` set to `False`
+        # when `__pydantic_complete__` is `True`, we rebuild here:
+        try:
+            cls.__pydantic_fields__, cls.__pydantic_extra_info__ = rebuild_model_fields(
+                cls,
+                config_wrapper=config_wrapper,
+                ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
+                typevars_map=typevars_map,
+            )
+        except NameError as e:
+            exc = PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e)
+            set_model_mocks(cls, f'`{exc.name}`')
+            if raise_errors:
+                raise exc from e
+
+        if not raise_errors and not cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__:
+            # No need to continue with schema gen, it is guaranteed to fail
+            return False
+
+        assert cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__
+
+    gen_schema = GenerateSchema(
+        config_wrapper,
+        ns_resolver,
+        typevars_map,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.generate_schema(cls)
+    except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation as e:
+        if raise_errors:
+            raise
+        set_model_mocks(cls, f'`{e.name}`')
+        return False
+
+    core_config = config_wrapper.core_config(title=cls.__name__)
+
+    try:
+        schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(schema)
+    except InvalidSchemaError:
+        set_model_mocks(cls)
+        return False
+
+    # This needs to happen *after* model schema generation, as the return types
+    # of the properties are evaluated and the `ComputedFieldInfo` are recreated:
+    cls.__pydantic_computed_fields__ = {k: v.info for k, v in cls.__pydantic_decorators__.computed_fields.items()}
+
+    set_deprecated_descriptors(cls)
+
+    cls.__pydantic_core_schema__ = schema
+
+    cls.__pydantic_validator__ = create_schema_validator(
+        schema,
+        cls,
+        create_model_module or cls.__module__,
+        cls.__qualname__,
+        'create_model' if create_model_module else 'BaseModel',
+        core_config,
+        config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+        _use_prebuilt=not is_force_rebuild,
+    )
+    cls.__pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(schema, core_config, _use_prebuilt=not is_force_rebuild)
+
+    # set __signature__ attr only for model class, but not for its instances
+    # (because instances can define `__call__`, and `inspect.signature` shouldn't
+    # use the `__signature__` attribute and instead generate from `__call__`).
+    cls.__signature__ = LazyClassAttribute(
+        '__signature__',
+        partial(
+            generate_pydantic_signature,
+            init=cls.__init__,
+            fields=cls.__pydantic_fields__,
+            validate_by_name=config_wrapper.validate_by_name,
+            extra=config_wrapper.extra,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    cls.__pydantic_complete__ = True
+
+    if call_on_complete_hook:
+        cls.__pydantic_on_complete__()
+
+    return True
+
+
+def set_deprecated_descriptors(cls: type[BaseModel]) -> None:
+    """Set data descriptors on the class for deprecated fields."""
+    for field, field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+        if (msg := field_info.deprecation_message) is not None:
+            desc = _DeprecatedFieldDescriptor(msg)
+            desc.__set_name__(cls, field)
+            setattr(cls, field, desc)
+
+    for field, computed_field_info in cls.__pydantic_computed_fields__.items():
+        if (
+            (msg := computed_field_info.deprecation_message) is not None
+            # Avoid having two warnings emitted:
+            and not hasattr(unwrap_wrapped_function(computed_field_info.wrapped_property), '__deprecated__')
+        ):
+            desc = _DeprecatedFieldDescriptor(msg, computed_field_info.wrapped_property)
+            desc.__set_name__(cls, field)
+            setattr(cls, field, desc)
+
+
+class _DeprecatedFieldDescriptor:
+    """Read-only data descriptor used to emit a runtime deprecation warning before accessing a deprecated field.
+
+    Attributes:
+        msg: The deprecation message to be emitted.
+        wrapped_property: The property instance if the deprecated field is a computed field, or `None`.
+        field_name: The name of the field being deprecated.
+    """
+
+    field_name: str
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, wrapped_property: property | None = None) -> None:
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.wrapped_property = wrapped_property
+
+    def __set_name__(self, cls: type[BaseModel], name: str) -> None:
+        self.field_name = name
+
+    def __get__(self, obj: BaseModel | None, obj_type: type[BaseModel] | None = None) -> Any:
+        if obj is None:
+            if self.wrapped_property is not None:
+                return self.wrapped_property.__get__(None, obj_type)
+            raise AttributeError(self.field_name)
+
+        warnings.warn(self.msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+        if self.wrapped_property is not None:
+            return self.wrapped_property.__get__(obj, obj_type)
+        return obj.__dict__[self.field_name]
+
+    # Defined to make it a data descriptor and take precedence over the instance's dictionary.
+    # Note that it will not be called when setting a value on a model instance
+    # as `BaseModel.__setattr__` is defined and takes priority.
+    def __set__(self, obj: Any, value: Any) -> NoReturn:
+        raise AttributeError(self.field_name)
+
+
+class _PydanticWeakRef:
+    """Wrapper for `weakref.ref` that enables `pickle` serialization.
+
+    Cloudpickle fails to serialize weakref.ref objects due to an arcane error related to
+    to abstract base classes (`abc.ABC`). This class works around the issue by wrapping
+    `weakref.ref` instead of subclassing it.
+
+    See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/6763 for context.
+
+    Semantics:
+        - If not pickled, behaves the same as a `weakref.ref`.
+        - If pickled along with the referenced object, the same `weakref.ref` behavior
+          will be maintained between them after unpickling.
+        - If pickled without the referenced object, after unpickling the underlying
+          reference will be cleared (`__call__` will always return `None`).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, obj: Any):
+        if obj is None:
+            # The object will be `None` upon deserialization if the serialized weakref
+            # had lost its underlying object.
+            self._wr = None
+        else:
+            self._wr = weakref.ref(obj)
+
+    def __call__(self) -> Any:
+        if self._wr is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self._wr()
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[Callable, tuple[weakref.ReferenceType | None]]:
+        return _PydanticWeakRef, (self(),)
+
+
+def build_lenient_weakvaluedict(d: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Takes an input dictionary, and produces a new value that (invertibly) replaces the values with weakrefs.
+
+    We can't just use a WeakValueDictionary because many types (including int, str, etc.) can't be stored as values
+    in a WeakValueDictionary.
+
+    The `unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict` function can be used to reverse this operation.
+    """
+    if d is None:
+        return None
+    result = {}
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        try:
+            proxy = _PydanticWeakRef(v)
+        except TypeError:
+            proxy = v
+        result[k] = proxy
+    return result
+
+
+def unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(d: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Inverts the transform performed by `build_lenient_weakvaluedict`."""
+    if d is None:
+        return None
+
+    result = {}
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        if isinstance(v, _PydanticWeakRef):
+            v = v()
+            if v is not None:
+                result[k] = v
+        else:
+            result[k] = v
+    return result
+
+
+@cache
+def default_ignored_types() -> tuple[type[Any], ...]:
+    from ..fields import ComputedFieldInfo
+
+    ignored_types = [
+        FunctionType,
+        property,
+        classmethod,
+        staticmethod,
+        PydanticDescriptorProxy,
+        ComputedFieldInfo,
+        TypeAliasType,  # from `typing_extensions`
+    ]
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        ignored_types.append(typing.TypeAliasType)
+
+    return tuple(ignored_types)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_namespace_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_namespace_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af0cddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_namespace_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterator, Mapping
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, TypeAlias, TypeAliasType, TypeVarTuple
+
+GlobalsNamespace: TypeAlias = 'dict[str, Any]'
+"""A global namespace.
+
+In most cases, this is a reference to the `__dict__` attribute of a module.
+This namespace type is expected as the `globals` argument during annotations evaluation.
+"""
+
+MappingNamespace: TypeAlias = Mapping[str, Any]
+"""Any kind of namespace.
+
+In most cases, this is a local namespace (e.g. the `__dict__` attribute of a class,
+the [`f_locals`][frame.f_locals] attribute of a frame object, when dealing with types
+defined inside functions).
+This namespace type is expected as the `locals` argument during annotations evaluation.
+"""
+
+_TypeVarLike: TypeAlias = 'TypeVar | ParamSpec | TypeVarTuple'
+
+
+class NamespacesTuple(NamedTuple):
+    """A tuple of globals and locals to be used during annotations evaluation.
+
+    This datastructure is defined as a named tuple so that it can easily be unpacked:
+
+    ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+    def eval_type(typ: type[Any], ns: NamespacesTuple) -> None:
+        return eval(typ, *ns)
+    ```
+    """
+
+    globals: GlobalsNamespace
+    """The namespace to be used as the `globals` argument during annotations evaluation."""
+
+    locals: MappingNamespace
+    """The namespace to be used as the `locals` argument during annotations evaluation."""
+
+
+def get_module_ns_of(obj: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get the namespace of the module where the object is defined.
+
+    Caution: this function does not return a copy of the module namespace, so the result
+    should not be mutated. The burden of enforcing this is on the caller.
+    """
+    module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
+    if module_name:
+        try:
+            return sys.modules[module_name].__dict__
+        except KeyError:
+            # happens occasionally, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/2363
+            return {}
+    return {}
+
+
+# Note that this class is almost identical to `collections.ChainMap`, but need to enforce
+# immutable mappings here:
+class LazyLocalNamespace(Mapping[str, Any]):
+    """A lazily evaluated mapping, to be used as the `locals` argument during annotations evaluation.
+
+    While the [`eval`][eval] function expects a mapping as the `locals` argument, it only
+    performs `__getitem__` calls. The [`Mapping`][collections.abc.Mapping] abstract base class
+    is fully implemented only for type checking purposes.
+
+    Args:
+        *namespaces: The namespaces to consider, in ascending order of priority.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+        ns = LazyLocalNamespace({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 3})
+        ns['a']
+        #> 3
+        ns['b']
+        #> 2
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *namespaces: MappingNamespace) -> None:
+        self._namespaces = namespaces
+
+    @cached_property
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {k: v for ns in self._namespaces for k, v in ns.items()}
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.data)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self.data[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
+        return key in self.data
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self.data)
+
+
+def ns_for_function(obj: Callable[..., Any], parent_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None) -> NamespacesTuple:
+    """Return the global and local namespaces to be used when evaluating annotations for the provided function.
+
+    The global namespace will be the `__dict__` attribute of the module the function was defined in.
+    The local namespace will contain the `__type_params__` introduced by PEP 695.
+
+    Args:
+        obj: The object to use when building namespaces.
+        parent_namespace: Optional namespace to be added with the lowest priority in the local namespace.
+            If the passed function is a method, the `parent_namespace` will be the namespace of the class
+            the method is defined in. Thus, we also fetch type `__type_params__` from there (i.e. the
+            class-scoped type variables).
+    """
+    locals_list: list[MappingNamespace] = []
+    if parent_namespace is not None:
+        locals_list.append(parent_namespace)
+
+    # Get the `__type_params__` attribute introduced by PEP 695.
+    # Note that the `typing._eval_type` function expects type params to be
+    # passed as a separate argument. However, internally, `_eval_type` calls
+    # `ForwardRef._evaluate` which will merge type params with the localns,
+    # essentially mimicking what we do here.
+    type_params: tuple[_TypeVarLike, ...] = getattr(obj, '__type_params__', ())
+    if parent_namespace is not None:
+        # We also fetch type params from the parent namespace. If present, it probably
+        # means the function was defined in a class. This is to support the following:
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/124089.
+        type_params += parent_namespace.get('__type_params__', ())
+
+    locals_list.append({t.__name__: t for t in type_params})
+
+    # What about short-circuiting to `obj.__globals__`?
+    globalns = get_module_ns_of(obj)
+
+    return NamespacesTuple(globalns, LazyLocalNamespace(*locals_list))
+
+
+class NsResolver:
+    """A class responsible for the namespaces resolving logic for annotations evaluation.
+
+    This class handles the namespace logic when evaluating annotations mainly for class objects.
+
+    It holds a stack of classes that are being inspected during the core schema building,
+    and the `types_namespace` property exposes the globals and locals to be used for
+    type annotation evaluation. Additionally -- if no class is present in the stack -- a
+    fallback globals and locals can be provided using the `namespaces_tuple` argument
+    (this is useful when generating a schema for a simple annotation, e.g. when using
+    `TypeAdapter`).
+
+    The namespace creation logic is unfortunately flawed in some cases, for backwards
+    compatibility reasons and to better support valid edge cases. See the description
+    for the `parent_namespace` argument and the example for more details.
+
+    Args:
+        namespaces_tuple: The default globals and locals to use if no class is present
+            on the stack. This can be useful when using the `GenerateSchema` class
+            with `TypeAdapter`, where the "type" being analyzed is a simple annotation.
+        parent_namespace: An optional parent namespace that will be added to the locals
+            with the lowest priority. For a given class defined in a function, the locals
+            of this function are usually used as the parent namespace:
+
+            ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+            from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+            def func() -> None:
+                SomeType = int
+
+                class Model(BaseModel):
+                    f: 'SomeType'
+
+                # when collecting fields, an namespace resolver instance will be created
+                # this way:
+                # ns_resolver = NsResolver(parent_namespace={'SomeType': SomeType})
+            ```
+
+            For backwards compatibility reasons and to support valid edge cases, this parent
+            namespace will be used for *every* type being pushed to the stack. In the future,
+            we might want to be smarter by only doing so when the type being pushed is defined
+            in the same module as the parent namespace.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+        ns_resolver = NsResolver(
+            parent_namespace={'fallback': 1},
+        )
+
+        class Sub:
+            m: 'Model'
+
+        class Model:
+            some_local = 1
+            sub: Sub
+
+        ns_resolver = NsResolver()
+
+        # This is roughly what happens when we build a core schema for `Model`:
+        with ns_resolver.push(Model):
+            ns_resolver.types_namespace
+            #> NamespacesTuple({'Sub': Sub}, {'Model': Model, 'some_local': 1})
+            # First thing to notice here, the model being pushed is added to the locals.
+            # Because `NsResolver` is being used during the model definition, it is not
+            # yet added to the globals. This is useful when resolving self-referencing annotations.
+
+            with ns_resolver.push(Sub):
+                ns_resolver.types_namespace
+                #> NamespacesTuple({'Sub': Sub}, {'Sub': Sub, 'Model': Model})
+                # Second thing to notice: `Sub` is present in both the globals and locals.
+                # This is not an issue, just that as described above, the model being pushed
+                # is added to the locals, but it happens to be present in the globals as well
+                # because it is already defined.
+                # Third thing to notice: `Model` is also added in locals. This is a backwards
+                # compatibility workaround that allows for `Sub` to be able to resolve `'Model'`
+                # correctly (as otherwise models would have to be rebuilt even though this
+                # doesn't look necessary).
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        namespaces_tuple: NamespacesTuple | None = None,
+        parent_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._base_ns_tuple = namespaces_tuple or NamespacesTuple({}, {})
+        self._parent_ns = parent_namespace
+        self._types_stack: list[type[Any] | TypeAliasType] = []
+
+    @cached_property
+    def types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        """The current global and local namespaces to be used for annotations evaluation."""
+        if not self._types_stack:
+            # TODO: should we merge the parent namespace here?
+            # This is relevant for TypeAdapter, where there are no types on the stack, and we might
+            # need access to the parent_ns. Right now, we sidestep this in `type_adapter.py` by passing
+            # locals to both parent_ns and the base_ns_tuple, but this is a bit hacky.
+            # we might consider something like:
+            # if self._parent_ns is not None:
+            #     # Hacky workarounds, see class docstring:
+            #     # An optional parent namespace that will be added to the locals with the lowest priority
+            #     locals_list: list[MappingNamespace] = [self._parent_ns, self._base_ns_tuple.locals]
+            #     return NamespacesTuple(self._base_ns_tuple.globals, LazyLocalNamespace(*locals_list))
+            return self._base_ns_tuple
+
+        typ = self._types_stack[-1]
+
+        globalns = get_module_ns_of(typ)
+
+        locals_list: list[MappingNamespace] = []
+        # Hacky workarounds, see class docstring:
+        # An optional parent namespace that will be added to the locals with the lowest priority
+        if self._parent_ns is not None:
+            locals_list.append(self._parent_ns)
+        if len(self._types_stack) > 1:
+            first_type = self._types_stack[0]
+            locals_list.append({first_type.__name__: first_type})
+
+        # Adding `__type_params__` *before* `vars(typ)`, as the latter takes priority
+        # (see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/120272).
+        # TODO `typ.__type_params__` when we drop support for Python 3.11:
+        type_params: tuple[_TypeVarLike, ...] = getattr(typ, '__type_params__', ())
+        if type_params:
+            # Adding `__type_params__` is mostly useful for generic classes defined using
+            # PEP 695 syntax *and* using forward annotations (see the example in
+            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/114053). For TypeAliasType instances,
+            # it is way less common, but still required if using a string annotation in the alias
+            # value, e.g. `type A[T] = 'T'` (which is not necessary in most cases).
+            locals_list.append({t.__name__: t for t in type_params})
+
+        # TypeAliasType instances don't have a `__dict__` attribute, so the check
+        # is necessary:
+        if hasattr(typ, '__dict__'):
+            locals_list.append(vars(typ))
+
+        # The `len(self._types_stack) > 1` check above prevents this from being added twice:
+        locals_list.append({typ.__name__: typ})
+
+        return NamespacesTuple(globalns, LazyLocalNamespace(*locals_list))
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def push(self, typ: type[Any] | TypeAliasType, /) -> Generator[None]:
+        """Push a type to the stack."""
+        self._types_stack.append(typ)
+        # Reset the cached property:
+        self.__dict__.pop('types_namespace', None)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._types_stack.pop()
+            self.__dict__.pop('types_namespace', None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_repr.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_repr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e80a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_repr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""Tools to provide pretty/human-readable display of objects."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import types
+from collections.abc import Callable, Collection, Generator, Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ForwardRef, cast
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from . import _typing_extra
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TODO remove type error comments when we drop support for Python 3.9
+    ReprArgs: TypeAlias = Iterable[tuple[str | None, Any]]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+    RichReprResult: TypeAlias = Iterable[Any | tuple[Any] | tuple[str, Any] | tuple[str, Any, Any]]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+
+
+class PlainRepr(str):
+    """String class where repr doesn't include quotes. Useful with Representation when you want to return a string
+    representation of something that is valid (or pseudo-valid) python.
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Representation:
+    # Mixin to provide `__str__`, `__repr__`, and `__pretty__` and `__rich_repr__` methods.
+    # `__pretty__` is used by [devtools](https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/).
+    # `__rich_repr__` is used by [rich](https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pretty.html).
+    # (this is not a docstring to avoid adding a docstring to classes which inherit from Representation)
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> ReprArgs:
+        """Returns the attributes to show in __str__, __repr__, and __pretty__ this is generally overridden.
+
+        Can either return:
+        * name - value pairs, e.g.: `[('foo_name', 'foo'), ('bar_name', ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        * or, just values, e.g.: `[(None, 'foo'), (None, ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        """
+        attrs_names = cast(Collection[str], self.__slots__)
+        if not attrs_names and hasattr(self, '__dict__'):
+            attrs_names = self.__dict__.keys()
+        attrs = ((s, getattr(self, s)) for s in attrs_names)
+        return [(a, v if v is not self else self.__repr_recursion__(v)) for a, v in attrs if v is not None]
+
+    def __repr_name__(self) -> str:
+        """Name of the instance's class, used in __repr__."""
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def __repr_recursion__(self, object: Any) -> str:
+        """Returns the string representation of a recursive object."""
+        # This is copied over from the stdlib `pprint` module:
+        return f'<Recursion on {type(object).__name__} with id={id(object)}>'
+
+    def __repr_str__(self, join_str: str) -> str:
+        return join_str.join(repr(v) if a is None else f'{a}={v!r}' for a, v in self.__repr_args__())
+
+    def __pretty__(self, fmt: Callable[[Any], Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[Any]:
+        """Used by devtools (https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to pretty print objects."""
+        yield self.__repr_name__() + '('
+        yield 1
+        for name, value in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is not None:
+                yield name + '='
+            yield fmt(value)
+            yield ','
+            yield 0
+        yield -1
+        yield ')'
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> RichReprResult:
+        """Used by Rich (https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pretty.html) to pretty print objects."""
+        for name, field_repr in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is None:
+                yield field_repr
+            else:
+                yield name, field_repr
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__repr_str__(' ')
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'
+
+
+def display_as_type(obj: Any) -> str:
+    """Pretty representation of a type, should be as close as possible to the original type definition string.
+
+    Takes some logic from `typing._type_repr`.
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, (types.FunctionType, types.BuiltinFunctionType)):
+        return obj.__name__
+    elif obj is ...:
+        return '...'
+    elif isinstance(obj, Representation):
+        return repr(obj)
+    elif isinstance(obj, ForwardRef) or typing_objects.is_typealiastype(obj):
+        return str(obj)
+
+    if not isinstance(obj, (_typing_extra.typing_base, _typing_extra.WithArgsTypes, type)):
+        obj = obj.__class__
+
+    if is_union_origin(typing_extensions.get_origin(obj)):
+        args = ', '.join(map(display_as_type, typing_extensions.get_args(obj)))
+        return f'Union[{args}]'
+    elif isinstance(obj, _typing_extra.WithArgsTypes):
+        if typing_objects.is_literal(typing_extensions.get_origin(obj)):
+            args = ', '.join(map(repr, typing_extensions.get_args(obj)))
+        else:
+            args = ', '.join(map(display_as_type, typing_extensions.get_args(obj)))
+        try:
+            return f'{obj.__qualname__}[{args}]'
+        except AttributeError:
+            return str(obj).replace('typing.', '').replace('typing_extensions.', '')  # handles TypeAliasType in 3.12
+    elif isinstance(obj, type):
+        return obj.__qualname__
+    else:
+        return repr(obj).replace('typing.', '').replace('typing_extensions.', '')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_gather.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_gather.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e07b20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_gather.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# pyright: reportTypedDictNotRequiredAccess=false, reportGeneralTypeIssues=false, reportArgumentType=false, reportAttributeAccessIssue=false
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import TypedDict
+
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
+    ComputedField,
+    CoreSchema,
+    DefinitionReferenceSchema,
+    SerSchema,
+    iter_union_choices,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+
+AllSchemas: TypeAlias = 'CoreSchema | SerSchema | ComputedField'
+
+
+class GatherResult(TypedDict):
+    """Schema traversing result."""
+
+    collected_references: dict[str, DefinitionReferenceSchema | None]
+    """The collected definition references.
+
+    If a definition reference schema can be inlined, it means that there is
+    only one in the whole core schema. As such, it is stored as the value.
+    Otherwise, the value is set to `None`.
+    """
+
+    deferred_discriminator_schemas: list[CoreSchema]
+    """The list of core schemas having the discriminator application deferred."""
+
+
+class MissingDefinitionError(LookupError):
+    """A reference was pointing to a non-existing core schema."""
+
+    def __init__(self, schema_reference: str, /) -> None:
+        self.schema_reference = schema_reference
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GatherContext:
+    """The current context used during core schema traversing.
+
+    Context instances should only be used during schema traversing.
+    """
+
+    definitions: dict[str, CoreSchema]
+    """The available definitions."""
+
+    deferred_discriminator_schemas: list[CoreSchema] = field(init=False, default_factory=list)
+    """The list of core schemas having the discriminator application deferred.
+
+    Internally, these core schemas have a specific key set in the core metadata dict.
+    """
+
+    collected_references: dict[str, DefinitionReferenceSchema | None] = field(init=False, default_factory=dict)
+    """The collected definition references.
+
+    If a definition reference schema can be inlined, it means that there is
+    only one in the whole core schema. As such, it is stored as the value.
+    Otherwise, the value is set to `None`.
+
+    During schema traversing, definition reference schemas can be added as candidates, or removed
+    (by setting the value to `None`).
+    """
+
+
+def traverse_metadata(schema: AllSchemas, ctx: GatherContext) -> None:
+    meta = schema.get('metadata')
+    if meta is not None and 'pydantic_internal_union_discriminator' in meta:
+        ctx.deferred_discriminator_schemas.append(schema)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+
+def traverse_definition_ref(def_ref_schema: DefinitionReferenceSchema, ctx: GatherContext) -> None:
+    schema_ref = def_ref_schema['schema_ref']
+
+    if schema_ref not in ctx.collected_references:
+        definition = ctx.definitions.get(schema_ref)
+        if definition is None:
+            raise MissingDefinitionError(schema_ref)
+
+        # The `'definition-ref'` schema was only encountered once, make it
+        # a candidate to be inlined:
+        ctx.collected_references[schema_ref] = def_ref_schema
+        traverse_schema(definition, ctx)
+        if 'serialization' in def_ref_schema:
+            traverse_schema(def_ref_schema['serialization'], ctx)
+        traverse_metadata(def_ref_schema, ctx)
+    else:
+        # The `'definition-ref'` schema was already encountered, meaning
+        # the previously encountered schema (and this one) can't be inlined:
+        ctx.collected_references[schema_ref] = None
+
+
+def traverse_schema(schema: AllSchemas, context: GatherContext) -> None:
+    # TODO When we drop 3.9, use a match statement to get better type checking and remove
+    # file-level type ignore.
+    # (the `'type'` could also be fetched in every `if/elif` statement, but this alters performance).
+    schema_type = schema['type']
+
+    if schema_type == 'definition-ref':
+        traverse_definition_ref(schema, context)
+        # `traverse_definition_ref` handles the possible serialization and metadata schemas:
+        return
+    elif schema_type == 'definitions':
+        traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+        for definition in schema['definitions']:
+            traverse_schema(definition, context)
+    elif schema_type in {'list', 'set', 'frozenset', 'generator'}:
+        if 'items_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['items_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'tuple':
+        if 'items_schema' in schema:
+            for s in schema['items_schema']:
+                traverse_schema(s, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'dict':
+        if 'keys_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['keys_schema'], context)
+        if 'values_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['values_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'union':
+        for choice in iter_union_choices(schema):
+            traverse_schema(choice, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'tagged-union':
+        for v in schema['choices'].values():
+            traverse_schema(v, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'chain':
+        for step in schema['steps']:
+            traverse_schema(step, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'lax-or-strict':
+        traverse_schema(schema['lax_schema'], context)
+        traverse_schema(schema['strict_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'json-or-python':
+        traverse_schema(schema['json_schema'], context)
+        traverse_schema(schema['python_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type in {'model-fields', 'typed-dict'}:
+        if 'extras_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['extras_schema'], context)
+        if 'computed_fields' in schema:
+            for s in schema['computed_fields']:
+                traverse_schema(s, context)
+        for s in schema['fields'].values():
+            traverse_schema(s, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'dataclass-args':
+        if 'computed_fields' in schema:
+            for s in schema['computed_fields']:
+                traverse_schema(s, context)
+        for s in schema['fields']:
+            traverse_schema(s, context)
+    elif schema_type == 'arguments':
+        for s in schema['arguments_schema']:
+            traverse_schema(s['schema'], context)
+        if 'var_args_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['var_args_schema'], context)
+        if 'var_kwargs_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['var_kwargs_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'arguments-v3':
+        for s in schema['arguments_schema']:
+            traverse_schema(s['schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'call':
+        traverse_schema(schema['arguments_schema'], context)
+        if 'return_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'computed-field':
+        traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'function-before':
+        if 'schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+        if 'json_schema_input_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['json_schema_input_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'function-plain':
+        # TODO duplicate schema types for serializers and validators, needs to be deduplicated.
+        if 'return_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+        if 'json_schema_input_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['json_schema_input_schema'], context)
+    elif schema_type == 'function-wrap':
+        # TODO duplicate schema types for serializers and validators, needs to be deduplicated.
+        if 'return_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['return_schema'], context)
+        if 'schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+        if 'json_schema_input_schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['json_schema_input_schema'], context)
+    else:
+        if 'schema' in schema:
+            traverse_schema(schema['schema'], context)
+
+    if 'serialization' in schema:
+        traverse_schema(schema['serialization'], context)
+    traverse_metadata(schema, context)
+
+
+def gather_schemas_for_cleaning(schema: CoreSchema, definitions: dict[str, CoreSchema]) -> GatherResult:
+    """Traverse the core schema and definitions and return the necessary information for schema cleaning.
+
+    During the core schema traversing, any `'definition-ref'` schema is:
+
+    - Validated: the reference must point to an existing definition. If this is not the case, a
+      `MissingDefinitionError` exception is raised.
+    - Stored in the context: the actual reference is stored in the context. Depending on whether
+      the `'definition-ref'` schema is encountered more that once, the schema itself is also
+      saved in the context to be inlined (i.e. replaced by the definition it points to).
+    """
+    context = GatherContext(definitions)
+    traverse_schema(schema, context)
+
+    return {
+        'collected_references': context.collected_references,
+        'deferred_discriminator_schemas': context.deferred_discriminator_schemas,
+    }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_generation_shared.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_generation_shared.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b231a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_schema_generation_shared.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+"""Types and utility functions used by various other internal tools."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+from ..annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema, JsonSchemaValue
+    from ._core_utils import CoreSchemaOrField
+    from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema
+    from ._namespace_utils import NamespacesTuple
+
+    GetJsonSchemaFunction = Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField, GetJsonSchemaHandler], JsonSchemaValue]
+    HandlerOverride = Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField], JsonSchemaValue]
+
+
+class GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(GetJsonSchemaHandler):
+    """JsonSchemaHandler implementation that doesn't do ref unwrapping by default.
+
+    This is used for any Annotated metadata so that we don't end up with conflicting
+    modifications to the definition schema.
+
+    Used internally by Pydantic, please do not rely on this implementation.
+    See `GetJsonSchemaHandler` for the handler API.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, generate_json_schema: GenerateJsonSchema, handler_override: HandlerOverride | None) -> None:
+        self.generate_json_schema = generate_json_schema
+        self.handler = handler_override or generate_json_schema.generate_inner
+        self.mode = generate_json_schema.mode
+
+    def __call__(self, core_schema: CoreSchemaOrField, /) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        return self.handler(core_schema)
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Resolves `$ref` in the json schema.
+
+        This returns the input json schema if there is no `$ref` in json schema.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_json_schema: The input json schema that may contains `$ref`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolved json schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If it can't find the definition for `$ref`.
+        """
+        if '$ref' not in maybe_ref_json_schema:
+            return maybe_ref_json_schema
+        ref = maybe_ref_json_schema['$ref']
+        json_schema = self.generate_json_schema.get_schema_from_definitions(ref)
+        if json_schema is None:
+            raise LookupError(
+                f'Could not find a ref for {ref}.'
+                ' Maybe you tried to call resolve_ref_schema from within a recursive model?'
+            )
+        return json_schema
+
+
+class CallbackGetCoreSchemaHandler(GetCoreSchemaHandler):
+    """Wrapper to use an arbitrary function as a `GetCoreSchemaHandler`.
+
+    Used internally by Pydantic, please do not rely on this implementation.
+    See `GetCoreSchemaHandler` for the handler API.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[Any], core_schema.CoreSchema],
+        generate_schema: GenerateSchema,
+        ref_mode: Literal['to-def', 'unpack'] = 'to-def',
+    ) -> None:
+        self._handler = handler
+        self._generate_schema = generate_schema
+        self._ref_mode = ref_mode
+
+    def __call__(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = self._handler(source_type)
+        if self._ref_mode == 'to-def':
+            ref = schema.get('ref')
+            if ref is not None:
+                return self._generate_schema.defs.create_definition_reference_schema(schema)
+            return schema
+        else:  # ref_mode = 'unpack'
+            return self.resolve_ref_schema(schema)
+
+    def _get_types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        return self._generate_schema._types_namespace
+
+    def generate_schema(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return self._generate_schema.generate_schema(source_type)
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str | None:
+        return self._generate_schema.field_name_stack.get()
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Resolves reference in the core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_schema: The input core schema that may contains reference.
+
+        Returns:
+            Resolved core schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If it can't find the definition for reference.
+        """
+        if maybe_ref_schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            ref = maybe_ref_schema['schema_ref']
+            definition = self._generate_schema.defs.get_schema_from_ref(ref)
+            if definition is None:
+                raise LookupError(
+                    f'Could not find a ref for {ref}.'
+                    ' Maybe you tried to call resolve_ref_schema from within a recursive model?'
+                )
+            return definition
+        elif maybe_ref_schema['type'] == 'definitions':
+            return self.resolve_ref_schema(maybe_ref_schema['schema'])
+        return maybe_ref_schema
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_serializers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_serializers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4058e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_serializers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import typing
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticOmit, core_schema
+
+SEQUENCE_ORIGIN_MAP: dict[Any, Any] = {
+    typing.Deque: collections.deque,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.deque: collections.deque,
+    list: list,
+    typing.List: list,  # noqa: UP006
+    tuple: tuple,
+    typing.Tuple: tuple,  # noqa: UP006
+    set: set,
+    typing.AbstractSet: set,
+    typing.Set: set,  # noqa: UP006
+    frozenset: frozenset,
+    typing.FrozenSet: frozenset,  # noqa: UP006
+    typing.Sequence: list,
+    typing.MutableSequence: list,
+    typing.MutableSet: set,
+    # this doesn't handle subclasses of these
+    # parametrized typing.Set creates one of these
+    collections.abc.MutableSet: set,
+    collections.abc.Set: frozenset,
+}
+
+
+def serialize_sequence_via_list(
+    v: Any, handler: core_schema.SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo
+) -> Any:
+    items: list[Any] = []
+
+    mapped_origin = SEQUENCE_ORIGIN_MAP.get(type(v), None)
+    if mapped_origin is None:
+        # we shouldn't hit this branch, should probably add a serialization error or something
+        return v
+
+    for index, item in enumerate(v):
+        try:
+            v = handler(item, index)
+        except PydanticOmit:  # noqa: PERF203
+            pass
+        else:
+            items.append(v)
+
+    if info.mode_is_json():
+        return items
+    else:
+        return mapped_origin(items)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_signature.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_signature.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b0c5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_signature.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+
+from ._typing_extra import signature_no_eval
+from ._utils import is_valid_identifier
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..config import ExtraValues
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo
+
+
+# Copied over from stdlib dataclasses
+class _HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<factory>'
+
+
+_HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY = _HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY_CLASS()
+
+
+def _field_name_for_signature(field_name: str, field_info: FieldInfo) -> str:
+    """Extract the correct name to use for the field when generating a signature.
+
+    Assuming the field has a valid alias, this will return the alias. Otherwise, it will return the field name.
+    First priority is given to the alias, then the validation_alias, then the field name.
+
+    Args:
+        field_name: The name of the field
+        field_info: The corresponding FieldInfo object.
+
+    Returns:
+        The correct name to use when generating a signature.
+    """
+    if isinstance(field_info.alias, str) and is_valid_identifier(field_info.alias):
+        return field_info.alias
+    if isinstance(field_info.validation_alias, str) and is_valid_identifier(field_info.validation_alias):
+        return field_info.validation_alias
+
+    return field_name
+
+
+def _process_param_defaults(param: Parameter) -> Parameter:
+    """Modify the signature for a parameter in a dataclass where the default value is a FieldInfo instance.
+
+    Args:
+        param (Parameter): The parameter
+
+    Returns:
+        Parameter: The custom processed parameter
+    """
+    from ..fields import FieldInfo
+
+    param_default = param.default
+    if isinstance(param_default, FieldInfo):
+        annotation = param.annotation
+        # Replace the annotation if appropriate
+        # inspect does "clever" things to show annotations as strings because we have
+        # `from __future__ import annotations` in main, we don't want that
+        if annotation == 'Any':
+            annotation = Any
+
+        # Replace the field default
+        default = param_default.default
+        if default is PydanticUndefined:
+            if param_default.default_factory is None:
+                default = Signature.empty
+            else:
+                # this is used by dataclasses to indicate a factory exists:
+                default = dataclasses._HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY  # type: ignore
+        return param.replace(
+            annotation=annotation, name=_field_name_for_signature(param.name, param_default), default=default
+        )
+    return param
+
+
+def _generate_signature_parameters(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity, could use a refactor)
+    init: Callable[..., None],
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo],
+    validate_by_name: bool,
+    extra: ExtraValues | None,
+) -> dict[str, Parameter]:
+    """Generate a mapping of parameter names to Parameter objects for a pydantic BaseModel or dataclass."""
+    from itertools import islice
+
+    present_params = signature_no_eval(init).parameters.values()
+    merged_params: dict[str, Parameter] = {}
+    var_kw = None
+    use_var_kw = False
+
+    for param in islice(present_params, 1, None):  # skip self arg
+        # inspect does "clever" things to show annotations as strings because we have
+        # `from __future__ import annotations` in main, we don't want that
+        if fields.get(param.name):
+            # exclude params with init=False
+            if getattr(fields[param.name], 'init', True) is False:
+                continue
+            param = param.replace(name=_field_name_for_signature(param.name, fields[param.name]))
+        if param.annotation == 'Any':
+            param = param.replace(annotation=Any)
+        if param.kind is param.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            var_kw = param
+            continue
+        merged_params[param.name] = param
+
+    if var_kw:  # if custom init has no var_kw, fields which are not declared in it cannot be passed through
+        allow_names = validate_by_name
+        for field_name, field in fields.items():
+            # when alias is a str it should be used for signature generation
+            param_name = _field_name_for_signature(field_name, field)
+
+            if field_name in merged_params or param_name in merged_params:
+                continue
+
+            if not is_valid_identifier(param_name):
+                if allow_names:
+                    param_name = field_name
+                else:
+                    use_var_kw = True
+                    continue
+
+            if field.is_required():
+                default = Parameter.empty
+            elif field.default_factory is not None:
+                # Mimics stdlib dataclasses:
+                default = _HAS_DEFAULT_FACTORY
+            else:
+                default = field.default
+            merged_params[param_name] = Parameter(
+                param_name,
+                Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY,
+                annotation=field.rebuild_annotation(),
+                default=default,
+            )
+
+    if extra == 'allow':
+        use_var_kw = True
+
+    if var_kw and use_var_kw:
+        # Make sure the parameter for extra kwargs
+        # does not have the same name as a field
+        default_model_signature = [
+            ('self', Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY),
+            ('data', Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD),
+        ]
+        if [(p.name, p.kind) for p in present_params] == default_model_signature:
+            # if this is the standard model signature, use extra_data as the extra args name
+            var_kw_name = 'extra_data'
+        else:
+            # else start from var_kw
+            var_kw_name = var_kw.name
+
+        # generate a name that's definitely unique
+        while var_kw_name in fields:
+            var_kw_name += '_'
+        merged_params[var_kw_name] = var_kw.replace(name=var_kw_name)
+
+    return merged_params
+
+
+def generate_pydantic_signature(
+    init: Callable[..., None],
+    fields: dict[str, FieldInfo],
+    validate_by_name: bool,
+    extra: ExtraValues | None,
+    is_dataclass: bool = False,
+) -> Signature:
+    """Generate signature for a pydantic BaseModel or dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        init: The class init.
+        fields: The model fields.
+        validate_by_name: The `validate_by_name` value of the config.
+        extra: The `extra` value of the config.
+        is_dataclass: Whether the model is a dataclass.
+
+    Returns:
+        The dataclass/BaseModel subclass signature.
+    """
+    merged_params = _generate_signature_parameters(init, fields, validate_by_name, extra)
+
+    if is_dataclass:
+        merged_params = {k: _process_param_defaults(v) for k, v in merged_params.items()}
+
+    return Signature(parameters=list(merged_params.values()), return_annotation=None)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c217f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_typing_extra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+"""Logic for interacting with type annotations, mostly extensions, shims and hacks to wrap Python's typing module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import re
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+from functools import partial
+from inspect import Signature, signature
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, cast
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_extensions import deprecated, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import is_union_origin
+
+from pydantic.version import version_short
+
+from ._namespace_utils import GlobalsNamespace, MappingNamespace, NsResolver, get_module_ns_of
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    NoneType = type(None)
+    EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
+else:
+    from types import EllipsisType as EllipsisType
+    from types import NoneType as NoneType
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    import annotationlib
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+# As per https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#runtime-use-of-types,
+# always check for both `typing` and `typing_extensions` variants of a typing construct.
+# (this is implemented differently than the suggested approach in the `typing_extensions`
+# docs for performance).
+
+
+_t_annotated = typing.Annotated
+_te_annotated = typing_extensions.Annotated
+
+
+def is_annotated(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a `Annotated` special form.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_annotated(Annotated[int, ...])
+    #> True
+    ```
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+    return origin is _t_annotated or origin is _te_annotated
+
+
+def annotated_type(tp: Any, /) -> Any | None:
+    """Return the type of the `Annotated` special form, or `None`."""
+    return tp.__origin__ if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(tp)) else None
+
+
+def unpack_type(tp: Any, /) -> Any | None:
+    """Return the type wrapped by the `Unpack` special form, or `None`."""
+    return get_args(tp)[0] if typing_objects.is_unpack(get_origin(tp)) else None
+
+
+def is_hashable(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is the `Hashable` class.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_hashable(Hashable)
+    #> True
+    ```
+    """
+    # `get_origin` is documented as normalizing any typing-module aliases to `collections` classes,
+    # hence the second check:
+    return tp is collections.abc.Hashable or get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Hashable
+
+
+def is_callable(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a `Callable`, parametrized or not.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_callable(Callable[[int], str])
+    #> True
+    is_callable(typing.Callable)
+    #> True
+    is_callable(collections.abc.Callable)
+    #> True
+    ```
+    """
+    # `get_origin` is documented as normalizing any typing-module aliases to `collections` classes,
+    # hence the second check:
+    return tp is collections.abc.Callable or get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable
+
+
+_classvar_re = re.compile(r'((\w+\.)?Annotated\[)?(\w+\.)?ClassVar\[')
+
+
+def is_classvar_annotation(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument represents a class variable annotation.
+
+    Although not explicitly stated by the typing specification, `ClassVar` can be used
+    inside `Annotated` and as such, this function checks for this specific scenario.
+
+    Because this function is used to detect class variables before evaluating forward references
+    (or because evaluation failed), we also implement a naive regex match implementation. This is
+    required because class variables are inspected before fields are collected, so we try to be
+    as accurate as possible.
+    """
+    if typing_objects.is_classvar(tp):
+        return True
+
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+
+    if typing_objects.is_classvar(origin):
+        return True
+
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(origin):
+        annotated_type = tp.__origin__
+        if typing_objects.is_classvar(annotated_type) or typing_objects.is_classvar(get_origin(annotated_type)):
+            return True
+
+    str_ann: str | None = None
+    if isinstance(tp, typing.ForwardRef):
+        str_ann = tp.__forward_arg__
+    if isinstance(tp, str):
+        str_ann = tp
+
+    if str_ann is not None and _classvar_re.match(str_ann):
+        # stdlib dataclasses do something similar, although a bit more advanced
+        # (see `dataclass._is_type`).
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+_t_final = typing.Final
+_te_final = typing_extensions.Final
+
+
+# TODO implement `is_finalvar_annotation` as Final can be wrapped with other special forms:
+def is_finalvar(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a `Final` special form, parametrized or not.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_finalvar(Final[int])
+    #> True
+    is_finalvar(Final)
+    #> True
+    """
+    # Final is not necessarily parametrized:
+    if tp is _t_final or tp is _te_final:
+        return True
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+    return origin is _t_final or origin is _te_final
+
+
+_NONE_TYPES: tuple[Any, ...] = (None, NoneType, typing.Literal[None], typing_extensions.Literal[None])
+
+
+def is_none_type(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the argument represents the `None` type as part of an annotation.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    is_none_type(None)
+    #> True
+    is_none_type(NoneType)
+    #> True
+    is_none_type(Literal[None])
+    #> True
+    is_none_type(type[None])
+    #> False
+    """
+    return tp in _NONE_TYPES
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the provided argument is a named tuple class.
+
+    The class can be created using `typing.NamedTuple` or `collections.namedtuple`.
+    Parametrized generic classes are *not* assumed to be named tuples.
+    """
+    from ._utils import lenient_issubclass  # circ. import
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(tp, tuple) and hasattr(tp, '_fields')
+
+
+# TODO In 2.12, delete this export. It is currently defined only to not break
+# pydantic-settings which relies on it:
+origin_is_union = is_union_origin
+
+
+def is_generic_alias(tp: Any, /) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(tp, (types.GenericAlias, typing._GenericAlias))  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+# TODO: Ideally, we should avoid relying on the private `typing` constructs:
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    WithArgsTypes: tuple[Any, ...] = (typing._GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+else:
+    WithArgsTypes: tuple[Any, ...] = (typing._GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+# Similarly, we shouldn't rely on this `_Final` class, which is even more private than `_GenericAlias`:
+typing_base: Any = typing._Final  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+### Annotation evaluations functions:
+
+
+def parent_frame_namespace(*, parent_depth: int = 2, force: bool = False) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Fetch the local namespace of the parent frame where this function is called.
+
+    Using this function is mostly useful to resolve forward annotations pointing to members defined in a local namespace,
+    such as assignments inside a function. Using the standard library tools, it is currently not possible to resolve
+    such annotations:
+
+    ```python {lint="skip" test="skip"}
+    from typing import get_type_hints
+
+    def func() -> None:
+        Alias = int
+
+        class C:
+            a: 'Alias'
+
+        # Raises a `NameError: 'Alias' is not defined`
+        get_type_hints(C)
+    ```
+
+    Pydantic uses this function when a Pydantic model is being defined to fetch the parent frame locals. However,
+    this only allows us to fetch the parent frame namespace and not other parents (e.g. a model defined in a function,
+    itself defined in another function). Inspecting the next outer frames (using `f_back`) is not reliable enough
+    (see https://discuss.python.org/t/20659).
+
+    Because this function is mostly used to better resolve forward annotations, nothing is returned if the parent frame's
+    code object is defined at the module level. In this case, the locals of the frame will be the same as the module
+    globals where the class is defined (see `_namespace_utils.get_module_ns_of`). However, if you still want to fetch
+    the module globals (e.g. when rebuilding a model, where the frame where the rebuild call is performed might contain
+    members that you want to use for forward annotations evaluation), you can use the `force` parameter.
+
+    Args:
+        parent_depth: The depth at which to get the frame. Defaults to 2, meaning the parent frame where this function
+            is called will be used.
+        force: Whether to always return the frame locals, even if the frame's code object is defined at the module level.
+
+    Returns:
+        The locals of the namespace, or `None` if it was skipped as per the described logic.
+    """
+    frame = sys._getframe(parent_depth)
+
+    if frame.f_code.co_name.startswith('<generic parameters of'):
+        # As `parent_frame_namespace` is mostly called in `ModelMetaclass.__new__`,
+        # the parent frame can be the annotation scope if the PEP 695 generic syntax is used.
+        # (see https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html#annotation-scopes,
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#generic-classes).
+        # In this case, the code name is set to `<generic parameters of MyClass>`,
+        # and we need to skip this frame as it is irrelevant.
+        frame = cast(types.FrameType, frame.f_back)  # guaranteed to not be `None`
+
+    # note, we don't copy frame.f_locals here (or during the last return call), because we don't expect the namespace to be
+    # modified down the line if this becomes a problem, we could implement some sort of frozen mapping structure to enforce this.
+    if force:
+        return frame.f_locals
+
+    # If either of the following conditions are true, the class is defined at the top module level.
+    # To better understand why we need both of these checks, see
+    # https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/10113#discussion_r1714981531.
+    if frame.f_back is None or frame.f_code.co_name == '<module>':
+        return None
+
+    return frame.f_locals
+
+
+def _type_convert(arg: Any) -> Any:
+    """Convert `None` to `NoneType` and strings to `ForwardRef` instances.
+
+    This is a backport of the private `typing._type_convert` function. When
+    evaluating a type, `ForwardRef._evaluate` ends up being called, and is
+    responsible for making this conversion. However, we still have to apply
+    it for the first argument passed to our type evaluation functions, similarly
+    to the `typing.get_type_hints` function.
+    """
+    if arg is None:
+        return NoneType
+    if isinstance(arg, str):
+        # Like `typing.get_type_hints`, assume the arg can be in any context,
+        # hence the proper `is_argument` and `is_class` args:
+        return _make_forward_ref(arg, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+    return arg
+
+
+def safe_get_annotations(obj: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Get the annotations for the provided object, accounting for potential deferred forward references.
+
+    Starting with Python 3.14, accessing the `__annotations__` attribute might raise a `NameError` if
+    a referenced symbol isn't defined yet. In this case, we return the annotation in the *forward ref*
+    format.
+    """
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        return annotationlib.get_annotations(obj, format=annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
+    else:
+        # TODO just do getattr(obj, '__annotations__', {}) when dropping support for Python 3.9:
+        if isinstance(obj, type):
+            return obj.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {})
+        else:
+            return getattr(obj, '__annotations__', {})
+
+
+def get_model_type_hints(
+    model_class: type[BaseModel],
+    *,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, tuple[Any, bool]]:
+    """Collect annotations from a Pydantic model class, including those from parent classes.
+
+    Args:
+        model_class: The Pydantic model class to inspect.
+        ns_resolver: A namespace resolver instance to use. Defaults to an empty instance.
+
+    Returns:
+        A dictionary mapping annotation names to a two-tuple: the first element is the evaluated
+        type or the original annotation if a `NameError` occurred, the second element is a boolean
+        indicating if whether the evaluation succeeded.
+    """
+    hints: dict[str, Any] | dict[str, tuple[Any, bool]] = {}
+    ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+
+    for base in reversed(model_class.__mro__[:-1]):
+        # For Python 3.14, we could also use `Format.VALUE` and pass the globals/locals
+        # from the ns_resolver, but we want to be able to know which specific field failed
+        # to evaluate:
+        ann = safe_get_annotations(base)
+
+        if not ann:
+            continue
+
+        with ns_resolver.push(base):
+            base_model_fields: dict[str, FieldInfo] | None = base.__dict__.get('__pydantic_fields__')
+
+            for name, value in ann.items():
+                if name.startswith('_'):
+                    globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+
+                    # For private attributes, we only need the annotation to detect the `ClassVar` special form.
+                    # For this reason, we still try to evaluate it, but we also catch any possible exception (on
+                    # top of the `NameError`s caught in `try_eval_type`) that could happen so that users are free
+                    # to use any kind of forward annotation for private fields (e.g. circular imports, new typing
+                    # syntax, etc).
+                    try:
+                        hints[name] = try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+                    except Exception:
+                        hints[name] = (value, False)
+                else:
+                    if base_model_fields is not None and name in base_model_fields:
+                        # Avoid unnecessarily evaluating annotations from parent models, as we'll end up
+                        # copying the `FieldInfo` instance from it anyway if we need to.
+                        # We use the `annotation` attribute here, but in reality could put anything here,
+                        # As we are guaranteed to not make use of it:
+                        hints[name] = (base_model_fields[name].annotation, True)
+                    else:
+                        globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+
+                        hints[name] = try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+
+    return hints
+
+
+def get_cls_type_hints(
+    obj: type[Any],
+    *,
+    ns_resolver: NsResolver | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Collect annotations from a class, including those from parent classes.
+
+    Args:
+        obj: The class to inspect.
+        ns_resolver: A namespace resolver instance to use. Defaults to an empty instance.
+    """
+    hints: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    ns_resolver = ns_resolver or NsResolver()
+
+    for base in reversed(obj.__mro__):
+        # For Python 3.14, we could also use `Format.VALUE` and pass the globals/locals
+        # from the ns_resolver, but we want to be able to know which specific field failed
+        # to evaluate:
+        ann = safe_get_annotations(base)
+
+        if not ann:
+            continue
+
+        with ns_resolver.push(base):
+            globalns, localns = ns_resolver.types_namespace
+            for name, value in ann.items():
+                hints[name] = eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+    return hints
+
+
+def try_eval_type(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+    """Try evaluating the annotation using the provided namespaces.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value to evaluate. If `None`, it will be replaced by `type[None]`. If an instance
+            of `str`, it will be converted to a `ForwardRef`.
+        localns: The global namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+        globalns: The local namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+
+    Returns:
+        A two-tuple containing the possibly evaluated type and a boolean indicating
+            whether the evaluation succeeded or not.
+    """
+    value = _type_convert(value)
+
+    try:
+        return eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns), True
+    except NameError:
+        return value, False
+
+
+def eval_type(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """Evaluate the annotation using the provided namespaces.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The value to evaluate. If `None`, it will be replaced by `type[None]`. If an instance
+            of `str`, it will be converted to a `ForwardRef`.
+        localns: The global namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+        globalns: The local namespace to use during annotation evaluation.
+    """
+    value = _type_convert(value)
+    return eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns)
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`eval_type_lenient` is deprecated, use `try_eval_type` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def eval_type_lenient(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    ev, _ = try_eval_type(value, globalns, localns)
+    return ev
+
+
+def eval_type_backport(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """An enhanced version of `typing._eval_type` which will fall back to using the `eval_type_backport`
+    package if it's installed to let older Python versions use newer typing constructs.
+
+    Specifically, this transforms `X | Y` into `typing.Union[X, Y]` and `list[X]` into `typing.List[X]`
+    (as well as all the types made generic in PEP 585) if the original syntax is not supported in the
+    current Python version.
+
+    This function will also display a helpful error if the value passed fails to evaluate.
+    """
+    try:
+        return _eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        if 'Unable to evaluate type annotation' in str(e):
+            raise
+
+        # If it is a `TypeError` and value isn't a `ForwardRef`, it would have failed during annotation definition.
+        # Thus we assert here for type checking purposes:
+        assert isinstance(value, typing.ForwardRef)
+
+        message = f'Unable to evaluate type annotation {value.__forward_arg__!r}.'
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            e.add_note(message)
+            raise
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(message) from e
+    except RecursionError as e:
+        # TODO ideally recursion errors should be checked in `eval_type` above, but `eval_type_backport`
+        # is used directly in some places.
+        message = (
+            "If you made use of an implicit recursive type alias (e.g. `MyType = list['MyType']), "
+            'consider using PEP 695 type aliases instead. For more details, refer to the documentation: '
+            f'https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/concepts/types/#named-recursive-types'
+        )
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            e.add_note(message)
+            raise
+        else:
+            raise RecursionError(f'{e.args[0]}\n{message}')
+
+
+def _eval_type_backport(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    try:
+        return _eval_type(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+    except TypeError as e:
+        if not (isinstance(value, typing.ForwardRef) and is_backport_fixable_error(e)):
+            raise
+
+        try:
+            from eval_type_backport import eval_type_backport
+        except ImportError:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Unable to evaluate type annotation {value.__forward_arg__!r}. If you are making use '
+                'of the new typing syntax (unions using `|` since Python 3.10 or builtins subscripting '
+                'since Python 3.9), you should either replace the use of new syntax with the existing '
+                '`typing` constructs or install the `eval_type_backport` package.'
+            ) from e
+
+        return eval_type_backport(
+            value,
+            globalns,
+            localns,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType], waiting on a new `eval_type_backport` release.
+            try_default=False,
+        )
+
+
+def _eval_type(
+    value: Any,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        # Starting in 3.14, `_eval_type()` does *not* apply `_type_convert()`
+        # anymore. This means the `None` -> `type(None)` conversion does not apply:
+        evaluated = typing._eval_type(  # type: ignore
+            value,
+            globalns,
+            localns,
+            type_params=type_params,
+            # This is relevant when evaluating types from `TypedDict` classes, where string annotations
+            # are automatically converted to `ForwardRef` instances with a module set. In this case,
+            # Our `globalns` is irrelevant and we need to indicate `typing._eval_type()` that it should
+            # infer it from the `ForwardRef.__forward_module__` attribute instead (`typing.get_type_hints()`
+            # does the same). Note that this would probably be unnecessary if we properly iterated over the
+            # `__orig_bases__` for TypedDicts in `get_cls_type_hints()`:
+            prefer_fwd_module=True,
+        )
+        if evaluated is None:
+            evaluated = type(None)
+        return evaluated
+    elif sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+        return typing._eval_type(  # type: ignore
+            value, globalns, localns, type_params=type_params
+        )
+    else:
+        return typing._eval_type(  # type: ignore
+            value, globalns, localns
+        )
+
+
+def is_backport_fixable_error(e: TypeError) -> bool:
+    msg = str(e)
+
+    return sys.version_info < (3, 10) and msg.startswith('unsupported operand type(s) for |: ')
+
+
+def signature_no_eval(f: Callable[..., Any]) -> Signature:
+    """Get the signature of a callable without evaluating any annotations."""
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+        from annotationlib import Format
+
+        return signature(f, annotation_format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+    else:
+        return signature(f)
+
+
+def get_function_type_hints(
+    function: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    include_keys: set[str] | None = None,
+    globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+    localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Return type hints for a function.
+
+    This is similar to the `typing.get_type_hints` function, with a few differences:
+    - Support `functools.partial` by using the underlying `func` attribute.
+    - Do not wrap type annotation of a parameter with `Optional` if it has a default value of `None`
+      (related bug: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90353, only fixed in 3.11+).
+    """
+    if isinstance(function, partial):
+        annotations = safe_get_annotations(function.func)
+    else:
+        annotations = safe_get_annotations(function)
+
+    if globalns is None:
+        globalns = get_module_ns_of(function)
+    type_params: tuple[Any, ...] | None = None
+    if localns is None:
+        # If localns was specified, it is assumed to already contain type params. This is because
+        # Pydantic has more advanced logic to do so (see `_namespace_utils.ns_for_function`).
+        type_params = getattr(function, '__type_params__', ())
+
+    type_hints = {}
+    for name, value in annotations.items():
+        if include_keys is not None and name not in include_keys:
+            continue
+        if value is None:
+            value = NoneType
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            value = _make_forward_ref(value)
+
+        type_hints[name] = eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns, type_params)
+
+    return type_hints
+
+
+# TODO use typing.ForwardRef directly when we stop supporting 3.9:
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9, 8) or (3, 10) <= sys.version_info < (3, 10, 1):
+
+    def _make_forward_ref(
+        arg: Any,
+        is_argument: bool = True,
+        *,
+        is_class: bool = False,
+    ) -> typing.ForwardRef:
+        """Wrapper for ForwardRef that accounts for the `is_class` argument missing in older versions.
+        The `module` argument is omitted as it breaks <3.9.8, =3.10.0 and isn't used in the calls below.
+
+        See https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/28560 for some background.
+        The backport happened on 3.9.8, see:
+        https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/discussions/6244#discussioncomment-6275458,
+        and on 3.10.1 for the 3.10 branch, see:
+        https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/6912
+
+        Implemented as EAFP with memory.
+        """
+        return typing.ForwardRef(arg, is_argument)  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+
+else:
+    _make_forward_ref = typing.ForwardRef  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+
+else:
+    """
+    For older versions of python, we have a custom implementation of `get_type_hints` which is a close as possible to
+    the implementation in CPython 3.10.8.
+    """
+
+    @typing.no_type_check
+    def get_type_hints(  # noqa: C901
+        obj: Any,
+        globalns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        localns: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        include_extras: bool = False,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Taken verbatim from python 3.10.8 unchanged, except:
+        * type annotations of the function definition above.
+        * prefixing `typing.` where appropriate
+        * Use `_make_forward_ref` instead of `typing.ForwardRef` to handle the `is_class` argument.
+
+        https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/aaaf5174241496afca7ce4d4584570190ff972fe/Lib/typing.py#L1773-L1875
+
+        DO NOT CHANGE THIS METHOD UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY.
+        ======================================================
+
+        Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]' with 'T' (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.  For classes, the search
+          order is globals first then locals.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        if getattr(obj, '__no_type_check__', None):
+            return {}
+        # Classes require a special treatment.
+        if isinstance(obj, type):
+            hints = {}
+            for base in reversed(obj.__mro__):
+                if globalns is None:
+                    base_globals = getattr(sys.modules.get(base.__module__, None), '__dict__', {})
+                else:
+                    base_globals = globalns
+                ann = base.__dict__.get('__annotations__', {})
+                if isinstance(ann, types.GetSetDescriptorType):
+                    ann = {}
+                base_locals = dict(vars(base)) if localns is None else localns
+                if localns is None and globalns is None:
+                    # This is surprising, but required.  Before Python 3.10,
+                    # get_type_hints only evaluated the globalns of
+                    # a class.  To maintain backwards compatibility, we reverse
+                    # the globalns and localns order so that eval() looks into
+                    # *base_globals* first rather than *base_locals*.
+                    # This only affects ForwardRefs.
+                    base_globals, base_locals = base_locals, base_globals
+                for name, value in ann.items():
+                    if value is None:
+                        value = type(None)
+                    if isinstance(value, str):
+                        value = _make_forward_ref(value, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+
+                    value = eval_type_backport(value, base_globals, base_locals)
+                    hints[name] = value
+            if not include_extras and hasattr(typing, '_strip_annotations'):
+                return {
+                    k: typing._strip_annotations(t)  # type: ignore
+                    for k, t in hints.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                return hints
+
+        if globalns is None:
+            if isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType):
+                globalns = obj.__dict__
+            else:
+                nsobj = obj
+                # Find globalns for the unwrapped object.
+                while hasattr(nsobj, '__wrapped__'):
+                    nsobj = nsobj.__wrapped__
+                globalns = getattr(nsobj, '__globals__', {})
+            if localns is None:
+                localns = globalns
+        elif localns is None:
+            localns = globalns
+        hints = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
+        if hints is None:
+            # Return empty annotations for something that _could_ have them.
+            if isinstance(obj, typing._allowed_types):  # type: ignore
+                return {}
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f'{obj!r} is not a module, class, method, or function.')
+        defaults = typing._get_defaults(obj)  # type: ignore
+        hints = dict(hints)
+        for name, value in hints.items():
+            if value is None:
+                value = type(None)
+            if isinstance(value, str):
+                # class-level forward refs were handled above, this must be either
+                # a module-level annotation or a function argument annotation
+
+                value = _make_forward_ref(
+                    value,
+                    is_argument=not isinstance(obj, types.ModuleType),
+                    is_class=False,
+                )
+            value = eval_type_backport(value, globalns, localns)
+            if name in defaults and defaults[name] is None:
+                value = typing.Optional[value]
+            hints[name] = value
+        return hints if include_extras else {k: typing._strip_annotations(t) for k, t in hints.items()}  # type: ignore
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a0346d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+"""Bucket of reusable internal utilities.
+
+This should be reduced as much as possible with functions only used in one place, moved to that place.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import keyword
+import sys
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict, deque
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
+from collections.abc import Set as AbstractSet
+from copy import deepcopy
+from functools import cached_property
+from inspect import Parameter
+from itertools import zip_longest
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType, CodeType, FunctionType, GeneratorType, LambdaType, ModuleType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
+
+from pydantic_core import MISSING, PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeGuard, deprecated
+
+from pydantic import PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+
+from . import _repr, _typing_extra
+from ._import_utils import import_cached_base_model
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # TODO remove type error comments when we drop support for Python 3.9
+    MappingIntStrAny: TypeAlias = Mapping[int, Any] | Mapping[str, Any]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+    AbstractSetIntStr: TypeAlias = AbstractSet[int] | AbstractSet[str]  # pyright: ignore[reportGeneralTypeIssues]
+    from ..main import BaseModel
+
+
+# these are types that are returned unchanged by deepcopy
+IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES: set[type[Any]] = {
+    int,
+    float,
+    complex,
+    str,
+    bool,
+    bytes,
+    type,
+    _typing_extra.NoneType,
+    FunctionType,
+    BuiltinFunctionType,
+    LambdaType,
+    weakref.ref,
+    CodeType,
+    # note: including ModuleType will differ from behaviour of deepcopy by not producing error.
+    # It might be not a good idea in general, but considering that this function used only internally
+    # against default values of fields, this will allow to actually have a field with module as default value
+    ModuleType,
+    NotImplemented.__class__,
+    Ellipsis.__class__,
+}
+
+# these are types that if empty, might be copied with simple copy() instead of deepcopy()
+BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS: set[type[Any]] = {
+    list,
+    set,
+    tuple,
+    frozenset,
+    dict,
+    OrderedDict,
+    defaultdict,
+    deque,
+}
+
+
+def can_be_positional(param: Parameter) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the parameter accepts a positional argument.
+
+    ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+    def func(a, /, b, *, c):
+        pass
+
+    params = inspect.signature(func).parameters
+    can_be_positional(params['a'])
+    #> True
+    can_be_positional(params['b'])
+    #> True
+    can_be_positional(params['c'])
+    #> False
+    ```
+    """
+    return param.kind in (Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY, Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+
+
+def sequence_like(v: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(v, (list, tuple, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, deque))
+
+
+def lenient_isinstance(o: Any, class_or_tuple: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...] | None) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        return isinstance(o, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def lenient_issubclass(cls: Any, class_or_tuple: Any) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)
+    except TypeError:
+        if isinstance(cls, _typing_extra.WithArgsTypes):
+            return False
+        raise  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def is_model_class(cls: Any) -> TypeGuard[type[BaseModel]]:
+    """Returns true if cls is a _proper_ subclass of BaseModel, and provides proper type-checking,
+    unlike raw calls to lenient_issubclass.
+    """
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(cls, BaseModel) and cls is not BaseModel
+
+
+def is_valid_identifier(identifier: str) -> bool:
+    """Checks that a string is a valid identifier and not a Python keyword.
+    :param identifier: The identifier to test.
+    :return: True if the identifier is valid.
+    """
+    return identifier.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(identifier)
+
+
+KeyType = TypeVar('KeyType')
+
+
+def deep_update(mapping: dict[KeyType, Any], *updating_mappings: dict[KeyType, Any]) -> dict[KeyType, Any]:
+    updated_mapping = mapping.copy()
+    for updating_mapping in updating_mappings:
+        for k, v in updating_mapping.items():
+            if k in updated_mapping and isinstance(updated_mapping[k], dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
+                updated_mapping[k] = deep_update(updated_mapping[k], v)
+            else:
+                updated_mapping[k] = v
+    return updated_mapping
+
+
+def update_not_none(mapping: dict[Any, Any], **update: Any) -> None:
+    mapping.update({k: v for k, v in update.items() if v is not None})
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def unique_list(
+    input_list: list[T] | tuple[T, ...],
+    *,
+    name_factory: Callable[[T], str] = str,
+) -> list[T]:
+    """Make a list unique while maintaining order.
+    We update the list if another one with the same name is set
+    (e.g. model validator overridden in subclass).
+    """
+    result: list[T] = []
+    result_names: list[str] = []
+    for v in input_list:
+        v_name = name_factory(v)
+        if v_name not in result_names:
+            result_names.append(v_name)
+            result.append(v)
+        else:
+            result[result_names.index(v_name)] = v
+
+    return result
+
+
+class ValueItems(_repr.Representation):
+    """Class for more convenient calculation of excluded or included fields on values."""
+
+    __slots__ = ('_items', '_type')
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Any, items: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny) -> None:
+        items = self._coerce_items(items)
+
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            items = self._normalize_indexes(items, len(value))  # type: ignore
+
+        self._items: MappingIntStrAny = items  # type: ignore
+
+    def is_excluded(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if item is fully excluded.
+
+        :param item: key or index of a value
+        """
+        return self.is_true(self._items.get(item))
+
+    def is_included(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """Check if value is contained in self._items.
+
+        :param item: key or index of value
+        """
+        return item in self._items
+
+    def for_element(self, e: int | str) -> AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None:
+        """:param e: key or index of element on value
+        :return: raw values for element if self._items is dict and contain needed element
+        """
+        item = self._items.get(e)  # type: ignore
+        return item if not self.is_true(item) else None
+
+    def _normalize_indexes(self, items: MappingIntStrAny, v_length: int) -> dict[int | str, Any]:
+        """:param items: dict or set of indexes which will be normalized
+        :param v_length: length of sequence indexes of which will be
+
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({0: True, -2: True, -1: True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({'__all__': True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 1: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        """
+        normalized_items: dict[int | str, Any] = {}
+        all_items = None
+        for i, v in items.items():
+            if not (isinstance(v, Mapping) or isinstance(v, AbstractSet) or self.is_true(v)):
+                raise TypeError(f'Unexpected type of exclude value for index "{i}" {v.__class__}')
+            if i == '__all__':
+                all_items = self._coerce_value(v)
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(i, int):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    'Excluding fields from a sequence of sub-models or dicts must be performed index-wise: '
+                    'expected integer keys or keyword "__all__"'
+                )
+            normalized_i = v_length + i if i < 0 else i
+            normalized_items[normalized_i] = self.merge(v, normalized_items.get(normalized_i))
+
+        if not all_items:
+            return normalized_items
+        if self.is_true(all_items):
+            for i in range(v_length):
+                normalized_items.setdefault(i, ...)
+            return normalized_items
+        for i in range(v_length):
+            normalized_item = normalized_items.setdefault(i, {})
+            if not self.is_true(normalized_item):
+                normalized_items[i] = self.merge(all_items, normalized_item)
+        return normalized_items
+
+    @classmethod
+    def merge(cls, base: Any, override: Any, intersect: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """Merge a `base` item with an `override` item.
+
+        Both `base` and `override` are converted to dictionaries if possible.
+        Sets are converted to dictionaries with the sets entries as keys and
+        Ellipsis as values.
+
+        Each key-value pair existing in `base` is merged with `override`,
+        while the rest of the key-value pairs are updated recursively with this function.
+
+        Merging takes place based on the "union" of keys if `intersect` is
+        set to `False` (default) and on the intersection of keys if
+        `intersect` is set to `True`.
+        """
+        override = cls._coerce_value(override)
+        base = cls._coerce_value(base)
+        if override is None:
+            return base
+        if cls.is_true(base) or base is None:
+            return override
+        if cls.is_true(override):
+            return base if intersect else override
+
+        # intersection or union of keys while preserving ordering:
+        if intersect:
+            merge_keys = [k for k in base if k in override] + [k for k in override if k in base]
+        else:
+            merge_keys = list(base) + [k for k in override if k not in base]
+
+        merged: dict[int | str, Any] = {}
+        for k in merge_keys:
+            merged_item = cls.merge(base.get(k), override.get(k), intersect=intersect)
+            if merged_item is not None:
+                merged[k] = merged_item
+
+        return merged
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _coerce_items(items: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny) -> MappingIntStrAny:
+        if isinstance(items, Mapping):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(items, AbstractSet):
+            items = dict.fromkeys(items, ...)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            class_name = getattr(items, '__class__', '???')
+            raise TypeError(f'Unexpected type of exclude value {class_name}')
+        return items  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _coerce_value(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+        if value is None or cls.is_true(value):
+            return value
+        return cls._coerce_items(value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_true(v: Any) -> bool:
+        return v is True or v is ...
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
+        return [(None, self._items)]
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    def LazyClassAttribute(name: str, get_value: Callable[[], T]) -> T: ...
+
+else:
+
+    class LazyClassAttribute:
+        """A descriptor exposing an attribute only accessible on a class (hidden from instances).
+
+        The attribute is lazily computed and cached during the first access.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, get_value: Callable[[], Any]) -> None:
+            self.name = name
+            self.get_value = get_value
+
+        @cached_property
+        def value(self) -> Any:
+            return self.get_value()
+
+        def __get__(self, instance: Any, owner: type[Any]) -> None:
+            if instance is None:
+                return self.value
+            raise AttributeError(f'{self.name!r} attribute of {owner.__name__!r} is class-only')
+
+
+Obj = TypeVar('Obj')
+
+
+def smart_deepcopy(obj: Obj) -> Obj:
+    """Return type as is for immutable built-in types
+    Use obj.copy() for built-in empty collections
+    Use copy.deepcopy() for non-empty collections and unknown objects.
+    """
+    if obj is MISSING or obj is PydanticUndefined:
+        return obj  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+    obj_type = obj.__class__
+    if obj_type in IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES:
+        return obj  # fastest case: obj is immutable and not collection therefore will not be copied anyway
+    try:
+        if not obj and obj_type in BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS:
+            # faster way for empty collections, no need to copy its members
+            return obj if obj_type is tuple else obj.copy()  # tuple doesn't have copy method  # type: ignore
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
+        # do we really dare to catch ALL errors? Seems a bit risky
+        pass
+
+    return deepcopy(obj)  # slowest way when we actually might need a deepcopy
+
+
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+def all_identical(left: Iterable[Any], right: Iterable[Any]) -> bool:
+    """Check that the items of `left` are the same objects as those in `right`.
+
+    >>> a, b = object(), object()
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, a], [a, b, a])
+    True
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, [a]], [a, b, [a]])  # new list object, while "equal" is not "identical"
+    False
+    """
+    for left_item, right_item in zip_longest(left, right, fillvalue=_SENTINEL):
+        if left_item is not right_item:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def get_first_not_none(a: Any, b: Any) -> Any:
+    """Return the first argument if it is not `None`, otherwise return the second argument."""
+    return a if a is not None else b
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SafeGetItemProxy:
+    """Wrapper redirecting `__getitem__` to `get` with a sentinel value as default
+
+    This makes is safe to use in `operator.itemgetter` when some keys may be missing
+    """
+
+    # Define __slots__manually for performances
+    # @dataclasses.dataclass() only support slots=True in python>=3.10
+    __slots__ = ('wrapped',)
+
+    wrapped: Mapping[str, Any]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str, /) -> Any:
+        return self.wrapped.get(key, _SENTINEL)
+
+    # required to pass the object to operator.itemgetter() instances due to a quirk of typeshed
+    # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/13713
+    # https://github.com/python/typeshed/pull/8785
+    # Since this is typing-only, hide it in a typing.TYPE_CHECKING block
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def __contains__(self, key: str, /) -> bool:
+            return self.wrapped.__contains__(key)
+
+
+_ModelT = TypeVar('_ModelT', bound='BaseModel')
+_RT = TypeVar('_RT')
+
+
+class deprecated_instance_property(Generic[_ModelT, _RT]):
+    """A decorator exposing the decorated class method as a property, with a warning on instance access.
+
+    This decorator takes a class method defined on the `BaseModel` class and transforms it into
+    an attribute. The attribute can be accessed on both the class and instances of the class. If accessed
+    via an instance, a deprecation warning is emitted stating that instance access will be removed in V3.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fget: Callable[[type[_ModelT]], _RT], /) -> None:
+        # Note: fget should be a classmethod:
+        self.fget = fget
+
+    @overload
+    def __get__(self, instance: None, objtype: type[_ModelT]) -> _RT: ...
+    @overload
+    @deprecated(
+        'Accessing this attribute on the instance is deprecated, and will be removed in Pydantic V3. '
+        'Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def __get__(self, instance: _ModelT, objtype: type[_ModelT]) -> _RT: ...
+    def __get__(self, instance: _ModelT | None, objtype: type[_ModelT]) -> _RT:
+        if instance is not None:
+            # fmt: off
+            attr_name = (
+                self.fget.__name__
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 10)
+                else self.fget.__func__.__name__  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+            )
+            # fmt: on
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'Accessing the {attr_name!r} attribute on the instance is deprecated. '
+                'Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.',
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        return self.fget.__get__(instance, objtype)()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validate_call.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validate_call.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49ccd4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validate_call.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from functools import partial
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+import pydantic_core
+
+from ..config import ConfigDict
+from ..plugin._schema_validator import create_schema_validator
+from ._config import ConfigWrapper
+from ._generate_schema import GenerateSchema, ValidateCallSupportedTypes
+from ._namespace_utils import MappingNamespace, NsResolver, ns_for_function
+from ._typing_extra import signature_no_eval
+
+
+def extract_function_name(func: ValidateCallSupportedTypes) -> str:
+    """Extract the name of a `ValidateCallSupportedTypes` object."""
+    return f'partial({func.func.__name__})' if isinstance(func, functools.partial) else func.__name__
+
+
+def extract_function_qualname(func: ValidateCallSupportedTypes) -> str:
+    """Extract the qualname of a `ValidateCallSupportedTypes` object."""
+    return f'partial({func.func.__qualname__})' if isinstance(func, functools.partial) else func.__qualname__
+
+
+def update_wrapper_attributes(wrapped: ValidateCallSupportedTypes, wrapper: Callable[..., Any]):
+    """Update the `wrapper` function with the attributes of the `wrapped` function. Return the updated function."""
+    if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(wrapped):
+
+        @functools.wraps(wrapped)
+        async def wrapper_function(*args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
+            return await wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+    else:
+
+        @functools.wraps(wrapped)
+        def wrapper_function(*args, **kwargs):
+            return wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    # We need to manually update this because `partial` object has no `__name__` and `__qualname__`.
+    wrapper_function.__name__ = extract_function_name(wrapped)
+    wrapper_function.__qualname__ = extract_function_qualname(wrapped)
+    wrapper_function.raw_function = wrapped  # type: ignore
+
+    return wrapper_function
+
+
+class ValidateCallWrapper:
+    """This is a wrapper around a function that validates the arguments passed to it, and optionally the return value."""
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'function',
+        'validate_return',
+        'schema_type',
+        'module',
+        'qualname',
+        'ns_resolver',
+        'config_wrapper',
+        '__pydantic_complete__',
+        '__pydantic_validator__',
+        '__return_pydantic_validator__',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        function: ValidateCallSupportedTypes,
+        config: ConfigDict | None,
+        validate_return: bool,
+        parent_namespace: MappingNamespace | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.function = function
+        self.validate_return = validate_return
+        if isinstance(function, partial):
+            self.schema_type = function.func
+            self.module = function.func.__module__
+        else:
+            self.schema_type = function
+            self.module = function.__module__
+        self.qualname = extract_function_qualname(function)
+
+        self.ns_resolver = NsResolver(
+            namespaces_tuple=ns_for_function(self.schema_type, parent_namespace=parent_namespace)
+        )
+        self.config_wrapper = ConfigWrapper(config)
+        if not self.config_wrapper.defer_build:
+            self._create_validators()
+        else:
+            self.__pydantic_complete__ = False
+
+    def _create_validators(self) -> None:
+        gen_schema = GenerateSchema(self.config_wrapper, self.ns_resolver)
+        schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(gen_schema.generate_schema(self.function))
+        core_config = self.config_wrapper.core_config(title=self.qualname)
+
+        self.__pydantic_validator__ = create_schema_validator(
+            schema,
+            self.schema_type,
+            self.module,
+            self.qualname,
+            'validate_call',
+            core_config,
+            self.config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+        )
+        if self.validate_return:
+            signature = signature_no_eval(self.function)
+            return_type = signature.return_annotation if signature.return_annotation is not signature.empty else Any
+            gen_schema = GenerateSchema(self.config_wrapper, self.ns_resolver)
+            schema = gen_schema.clean_schema(gen_schema.generate_schema(return_type))
+            validator = create_schema_validator(
+                schema,
+                self.schema_type,
+                self.module,
+                self.qualname,
+                'validate_call',
+                core_config,
+                self.config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+            )
+            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(self.function):
+
+                async def return_val_wrapper(aw: Awaitable[Any]) -> None:
+                    return validator.validate_python(await aw)
+
+                self.__return_pydantic_validator__ = return_val_wrapper
+            else:
+                self.__return_pydantic_validator__ = validator.validate_python
+        else:
+            self.__return_pydantic_validator__ = None
+
+        self.__pydantic_complete__ = True
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        if not self.__pydantic_complete__:
+            self._create_validators()
+
+        res = self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(pydantic_core.ArgsKwargs(args, kwargs))
+        if self.__return_pydantic_validator__:
+            return self.__return_pydantic_validator__(res)
+        else:
+            return res
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad6c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_internal/_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+"""Validator functions for standard library types.
+
+Import of this module is deferred since it contains imports of many standard library modules.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import math
+import re
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from decimal import Decimal
+from fractions import Fraction
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union, cast
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError
+
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError, PydanticKnownError, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import get_args, get_origin
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+from pydantic._internal._import_utils import import_cached_field_info
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+
+
+def sequence_validator(
+    input_value: Sequence[Any],
+    /,
+    validator: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+) -> Sequence[Any]:
+    """Validator for `Sequence` types, isinstance(v, Sequence) has already been called."""
+    value_type = type(input_value)
+
+    # We don't accept any plain string as a sequence
+    # Relevant issue: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5595
+    if issubclass(value_type, (str, bytes)):
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'sequence_str',
+            "'{type_name}' instances are not allowed as a Sequence value",
+            {'type_name': value_type.__name__},
+        )
+
+    # TODO: refactor sequence validation to validate with either a list or a tuple
+    # schema, depending on the type of the value.
+    # Additionally, we should be able to remove one of either this validator or the
+    # SequenceValidator in _std_types_schema.py (preferably this one, while porting over some logic).
+    # Effectively, a refactor for sequence validation is needed.
+    if value_type is tuple:
+        input_value = list(input_value)
+
+    v_list = validator(input_value)
+
+    # the rest of the logic is just re-creating the original type from `v_list`
+    if value_type is list:
+        return v_list
+    elif issubclass(value_type, range):
+        # return the list as we probably can't re-create the range
+        return v_list
+    elif value_type is tuple:
+        return tuple(v_list)
+    else:
+        # best guess at how to re-create the original type, more custom construction logic might be required
+        return value_type(v_list)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+
+
+def import_string(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return _import_string_logic(value)
+        except ImportError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('import_error', 'Invalid python path: {error}', {'error': str(e)}) from e
+    else:
+        # otherwise we just return the value and let the next validator do the rest of the work
+        return value
+
+
+def _import_string_logic(dotted_path: str) -> Any:
+    """Inspired by uvicorn — dotted paths should include a colon before the final item if that item is not a module.
+    (This is necessary to distinguish between a submodule and an attribute when there is a conflict.).
+
+    If the dotted path does not include a colon and the final item is not a valid module, importing as an attribute
+    rather than a submodule will be attempted automatically.
+
+    So, for example, the following values of `dotted_path` result in the following returned values:
+    * 'collections': <module 'collections'>
+    * 'collections.abc': <module 'collections.abc'>
+    * 'collections.abc:Mapping': <class 'collections.abc.Mapping'>
+    * `collections.abc.Mapping`: <class 'collections.abc.Mapping'> (though this is a bit slower than the previous line)
+
+    An error will be raised under any of the following scenarios:
+    * `dotted_path` contains more than one colon (e.g., 'collections:abc:Mapping')
+    * the substring of `dotted_path` before the colon is not a valid module in the environment (e.g., '123:Mapping')
+    * the substring of `dotted_path` after the colon is not an attribute of the module (e.g., 'collections:abc123')
+    """
+    from importlib import import_module
+
+    components = dotted_path.strip().split(':')
+    if len(components) > 2:
+        raise ImportError(f"Import strings should have at most one ':'; received {dotted_path!r}")
+    attribute = None
+    if len(components) == 2:
+        attribute = components[1]
+    module_path = components[0]
+    if not module_path:
+        raise ImportError(f'Import strings should have a nonempty module name; received {dotted_path!r}')
+
+    try:
+        module = import_module(module_path)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:
+        if attribute is None and '.' in module_path:
+            # Try interpreting the final dotted segment as an attribute, not a submodule
+            maybe_module_path, maybe_attribute = module_path.rsplit('.', 1)
+
+            try:
+                return _import_string_logic(f'{maybe_module_path}:{maybe_attribute}')
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+        raise
+
+    if attribute is not None:
+        try:
+            return getattr(module, attribute)
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise ImportError(f'cannot import name {attribute!r} from {module_path!r}') from e
+    else:
+        return module
+
+
+def pattern_either_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> re.Pattern[Any]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, re.Pattern):
+        return input_value
+    elif isinstance(input_value, (str, bytes)):
+        # todo strict mode
+        return compile_pattern(input_value)  # type: ignore
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_type', 'Input should be a valid pattern')
+
+
+def pattern_str_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> re.Pattern[str]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, re.Pattern):
+        if isinstance(input_value.pattern, str):
+            return input_value
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_str_type', 'Input should be a string pattern')
+    elif isinstance(input_value, str):
+        return compile_pattern(input_value)
+    elif isinstance(input_value, bytes):
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_str_type', 'Input should be a string pattern')
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_type', 'Input should be a valid pattern')
+
+
+def pattern_bytes_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> re.Pattern[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, re.Pattern):
+        if isinstance(input_value.pattern, bytes):
+            return input_value
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_bytes_type', 'Input should be a bytes pattern')
+    elif isinstance(input_value, bytes):
+        return compile_pattern(input_value)
+    elif isinstance(input_value, str):
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_bytes_type', 'Input should be a bytes pattern')
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_type', 'Input should be a valid pattern')
+
+
+PatternType = TypeVar('PatternType', str, bytes)
+
+
+def compile_pattern(pattern: PatternType) -> re.Pattern[PatternType]:
+    try:
+        return re.compile(pattern)
+    except re.error:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('pattern_regex', 'Input should be a valid regular expression')
+
+
+def ip_v4_address_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv4Address:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv4Address):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Address(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v4_address', 'Input is not a valid IPv4 address')
+
+
+def ip_v6_address_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv6Address:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv6Address):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Address(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v6_address', 'Input is not a valid IPv6 address')
+
+
+def ip_v4_network_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv4Network:
+    """Assume IPv4Network initialised with a default `strict` argument.
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv4Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv4Network):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Network(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v4_network', 'Input is not a valid IPv4 network')
+
+
+def ip_v6_network_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv6Network:
+    """Assume IPv6Network initialised with a default `strict` argument.
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv6Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv6Network):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Network(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v6_network', 'Input is not a valid IPv6 network')
+
+
+def ip_v4_interface_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv4Interface:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv4Interface):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Interface(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v4_interface', 'Input is not a valid IPv4 interface')
+
+
+def ip_v6_interface_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> IPv6Interface:
+    if isinstance(input_value, IPv6Interface):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Interface(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('ip_v6_interface', 'Input is not a valid IPv6 interface')
+
+
+def fraction_validator(input_value: Any, /) -> Fraction:
+    if isinstance(input_value, Fraction):
+        return input_value
+
+    try:
+        return Fraction(input_value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('fraction_parsing', 'Input is not a valid fraction')
+
+
+def forbid_inf_nan_check(x: Any) -> Any:
+    if not math.isfinite(x):
+        raise PydanticKnownError('finite_number')
+    return x
+
+
+def _safe_repr(v: Any) -> int | float | str:
+    """The context argument for `PydanticKnownError` requires a number or str type, so we do a simple repr() coercion for types like timedelta.
+
+    See tests/test_types.py::test_annotated_metadata_any_order for some context.
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, (int, float, str)):
+        return v
+    return repr(v)
+
+
+def greater_than_validator(x: Any, gt: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x > gt):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than', {'gt': _safe_repr(gt)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'gt' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def greater_than_or_equal_validator(x: Any, ge: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x >= ge):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than_equal', {'ge': _safe_repr(ge)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'ge' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def less_than_validator(x: Any, lt: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x < lt):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('less_than', {'lt': _safe_repr(lt)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'lt' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def less_than_or_equal_validator(x: Any, le: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (x <= le):
+            raise PydanticKnownError('less_than_equal', {'le': _safe_repr(le)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'le' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def multiple_of_validator(x: Any, multiple_of: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if x % multiple_of:
+            raise PydanticKnownError('multiple_of', {'multiple_of': _safe_repr(multiple_of)})
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'multiple_of' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def min_length_validator(x: Any, min_length: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if not (len(x) >= min_length):
+            raise PydanticKnownError(
+                'too_short', {'field_type': 'Value', 'min_length': min_length, 'actual_length': len(x)}
+            )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'min_length' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def max_length_validator(x: Any, max_length: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        if len(x) > max_length:
+            raise PydanticKnownError(
+                'too_long',
+                {'field_type': 'Value', 'max_length': max_length, 'actual_length': len(x)},
+            )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'max_length' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def _extract_decimal_digits_info(decimal: Decimal) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """Compute the total number of digits and decimal places for a given [`Decimal`][decimal.Decimal] instance.
+
+    This function handles both normalized and non-normalized Decimal instances.
+    Example: Decimal('1.230') -> 4 digits, 3 decimal places
+
+    Args:
+        decimal (Decimal): The decimal number to analyze.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple[int, int]: A tuple containing the number of decimal places and total digits.
+
+    Though this could be divided into two separate functions, the logic is easier to follow if we couple the computation
+    of the number of decimals and digits together.
+    """
+    try:
+        decimal_tuple = decimal.as_tuple()
+
+        assert isinstance(decimal_tuple.exponent, int)
+
+        exponent = decimal_tuple.exponent
+        num_digits = len(decimal_tuple.digits)
+
+        if exponent >= 0:
+            # A positive exponent adds that many trailing zeros
+            # Ex: digit_tuple=(1, 2, 3), exponent=2 -> 12300 -> 0 decimal places, 5 digits
+            num_digits += exponent
+            decimal_places = 0
+        else:
+            # If the absolute value of the negative exponent is larger than the
+            # number of digits, then it's the same as the number of digits,
+            # because it'll consume all the digits in digit_tuple and then
+            # add abs(exponent) - len(digit_tuple) leading zeros after the decimal point.
+            # Ex: digit_tuple=(1, 2, 3), exponent=-2 -> 1.23 -> 2 decimal places, 3 digits
+            # Ex: digit_tuple=(1, 2, 3), exponent=-4 -> 0.0123 -> 4 decimal places, 4 digits
+            decimal_places = abs(exponent)
+            num_digits = max(num_digits, decimal_places)
+
+        return decimal_places, num_digits
+    except (AssertionError, AttributeError):
+        raise TypeError(f'Unable to extract decimal digits info from supplied value {decimal}')
+
+
+def max_digits_validator(x: Any, max_digits: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        _, num_digits = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x)
+        _, normalized_num_digits = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x.normalize())
+        if (num_digits > max_digits) and (normalized_num_digits > max_digits):
+            raise PydanticKnownError(
+                'decimal_max_digits',
+                {'max_digits': max_digits},
+            )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'max_digits' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def decimal_places_validator(x: Any, decimal_places: Any) -> Any:
+    try:
+        decimal_places_, _ = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x)
+        if decimal_places_ > decimal_places:
+            normalized_decimal_places, _ = _extract_decimal_digits_info(x.normalize())
+            if normalized_decimal_places > decimal_places:
+                raise PydanticKnownError(
+                    'decimal_max_places',
+                    {'decimal_places': decimal_places},
+                )
+        return x
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f"Unable to apply constraint 'decimal_places' to supplied value {x}")
+
+
+def deque_validator(input_value: Any, handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler) -> collections.deque[Any]:
+    return collections.deque(handler(input_value), maxlen=getattr(input_value, 'maxlen', None))
+
+
+def defaultdict_validator(
+    input_value: Any, handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, default_default_factory: Callable[[], Any]
+) -> collections.defaultdict[Any, Any]:
+    if isinstance(input_value, collections.defaultdict):
+        default_factory = input_value.default_factory
+        return collections.defaultdict(default_factory, handler(input_value))
+    else:
+        return collections.defaultdict(default_default_factory, handler(input_value))
+
+
+def get_defaultdict_default_default_factory(values_source_type: Any) -> Callable[[], Any]:
+    FieldInfo = import_cached_field_info()
+
+    values_type_origin = get_origin(values_source_type)
+
+    def infer_default() -> Callable[[], Any]:
+        allowed_default_types: dict[Any, Any] = {
+            tuple: tuple,
+            collections.abc.Sequence: tuple,
+            collections.abc.MutableSequence: list,
+            list: list,
+            typing.Sequence: list,
+            set: set,
+            typing.MutableSet: set,
+            collections.abc.MutableSet: set,
+            collections.abc.Set: frozenset,
+            typing.MutableMapping: dict,
+            typing.Mapping: dict,
+            collections.abc.Mapping: dict,
+            collections.abc.MutableMapping: dict,
+            float: float,
+            int: int,
+            str: str,
+            bool: bool,
+        }
+        values_type = values_type_origin or values_source_type
+        instructions = 'set using `DefaultDict[..., Annotated[..., Field(default_factory=...)]]`'
+        if typing_objects.is_typevar(values_type):
+
+            def type_var_default_factory() -> None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'Generic defaultdict cannot be used without a concrete value type or an'
+                    ' explicit default factory, ' + instructions
+                )
+
+            return type_var_default_factory
+        elif values_type not in allowed_default_types:
+            # a somewhat subjective set of types that have reasonable default values
+            allowed_msg = ', '.join([t.__name__ for t in set(allowed_default_types.values())])
+            raise PydanticSchemaGenerationError(
+                f'Unable to infer a default factory for keys of type {values_source_type}.'
+                f' Only {allowed_msg} are supported, other types require an explicit default factory'
+                ' ' + instructions
+            )
+        return allowed_default_types[values_type]
+
+    # Assume Annotated[..., Field(...)]
+    if typing_objects.is_annotated(values_type_origin):
+        field_info = next((v for v in get_args(values_source_type) if isinstance(v, FieldInfo)), None)
+    else:
+        field_info = None
+    if field_info and field_info.default_factory:
+        # Assume the default factory does not take any argument:
+        default_default_factory = cast(Callable[[], Any], field_info.default_factory)
+    else:
+        default_default_factory = infer_default()
+    return default_default_factory
+
+
+def validate_str_is_valid_iana_tz(value: Any, /) -> ZoneInfo:
+    if isinstance(value, ZoneInfo):
+        return value
+    try:
+        return ZoneInfo(value)
+    except (ZoneInfoNotFoundError, ValueError, TypeError):
+        raise PydanticCustomError('zoneinfo_str', 'invalid timezone: {value}', {'value': value})
+
+
+NUMERIC_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP: dict[str, Callable] = {
+    'gt': greater_than_validator,
+    'ge': greater_than_or_equal_validator,
+    'lt': less_than_validator,
+    'le': less_than_or_equal_validator,
+    'multiple_of': multiple_of_validator,
+    'min_length': min_length_validator,
+    'max_length': max_length_validator,
+    'max_digits': max_digits_validator,
+    'decimal_places': decimal_places_validator,
+}
+
+IpType = Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Network, IPv4Interface, IPv6Interface]
+
+IP_VALIDATOR_LOOKUP: dict[type[IpType], Callable] = {
+    IPv4Address: ip_v4_address_validator,
+    IPv6Address: ip_v6_address_validator,
+    IPv4Network: ip_v4_network_validator,
+    IPv6Network: ip_v6_network_validator,
+    IPv4Interface: ip_v4_interface_validator,
+    IPv6Interface: ip_v6_interface_validator,
+}
+
+MAPPING_ORIGIN_MAP: dict[Any, Any] = {
+    typing.DefaultDict: collections.defaultdict,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.defaultdict: collections.defaultdict,
+    typing.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,  # noqa: UP006
+    collections.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing_extensions.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing.Counter: collections.Counter,
+    collections.Counter: collections.Counter,
+    # this doesn't handle subclasses of these
+    typing.Mapping: dict,
+    typing.MutableMapping: dict,
+    # parametrized typing.{Mutable}Mapping creates one of these
+    collections.abc.Mapping: dict,
+    collections.abc.MutableMapping: dict,
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_migration.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_migration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4ecd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/_migration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from pydantic.warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+from .version import version_short
+
+MOVED_IN_V2 = {
+    'pydantic.utils:version_info': 'pydantic.version:version_info',
+    'pydantic.error_wrappers:ValidationError': 'pydantic:ValidationError',
+    'pydantic.utils:to_camel': 'pydantic.alias_generators:to_pascal',
+    'pydantic.utils:to_lower_camel': 'pydantic.alias_generators:to_camel',
+    'pydantic:PyObject': 'pydantic.types:ImportString',
+    'pydantic.types:PyObject': 'pydantic.types:ImportString',
+    'pydantic.generics:GenericModel': 'pydantic.BaseModel',
+}
+
+DEPRECATED_MOVED_IN_V2 = {
+    'pydantic.tools:schema_of': 'pydantic.deprecated.tools:schema_of',
+    'pydantic.tools:parse_obj_as': 'pydantic.deprecated.tools:parse_obj_as',
+    'pydantic.tools:schema_json_of': 'pydantic.deprecated.tools:schema_json_of',
+    'pydantic.json:pydantic_encoder': 'pydantic.deprecated.json:pydantic_encoder',
+    'pydantic:validate_arguments': 'pydantic.deprecated.decorator:validate_arguments',
+    'pydantic.json:custom_pydantic_encoder': 'pydantic.deprecated.json:custom_pydantic_encoder',
+    'pydantic.json:timedelta_isoformat': 'pydantic.deprecated.json:timedelta_isoformat',
+    'pydantic.decorator:validate_arguments': 'pydantic.deprecated.decorator:validate_arguments',
+    'pydantic.class_validators:validator': 'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators:validator',
+    'pydantic.class_validators:root_validator': 'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators:root_validator',
+    'pydantic.config:BaseConfig': 'pydantic.deprecated.config:BaseConfig',
+    'pydantic.config:Extra': 'pydantic.deprecated.config:Extra',
+}
+
+REDIRECT_TO_V1 = {
+    f'pydantic.utils:{obj}': f'pydantic.v1.utils:{obj}'
+    for obj in (
+        'deep_update',
+        'GetterDict',
+        'lenient_issubclass',
+        'lenient_isinstance',
+        'is_valid_field',
+        'update_not_none',
+        'import_string',
+        'Representation',
+        'ROOT_KEY',
+        'smart_deepcopy',
+        'sequence_like',
+    )
+}
+
+
+REMOVED_IN_V2 = {
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedBytes',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedDate',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedFloat',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedInt',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedList',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedSet',
+    'pydantic:ConstrainedStr',
+    'pydantic:JsonWrapper',
+    'pydantic:NoneBytes',
+    'pydantic:NoneStr',
+    'pydantic:NoneStrBytes',
+    'pydantic:Protocol',
+    'pydantic:Required',
+    'pydantic:StrBytes',
+    'pydantic:compiled',
+    'pydantic.config:get_config',
+    'pydantic.config:inherit_config',
+    'pydantic.config:prepare_config',
+    'pydantic:create_model_from_namedtuple',
+    'pydantic:create_model_from_typeddict',
+    'pydantic.dataclasses:create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass',
+    'pydantic.dataclasses:make_dataclass_validator',
+    'pydantic.dataclasses:set_validation',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_date',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_time',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_datetime',
+    'pydantic.datetime_parse:parse_duration',
+    'pydantic.error_wrappers:ErrorWrapper',
+    'pydantic.errors:AnyStrMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:AnyStrMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ArbitraryTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:BoolError',
+    'pydantic.errors:BytesError',
+    'pydantic.errors:CallableError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ClassError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ColorError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ConfigError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DataclassTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateNotInTheFutureError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateNotInThePastError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DateTimeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalIsNotFiniteError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalMaxDigitsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalMaxPlacesError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DecimalWholeDigitsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DictError',
+    'pydantic.errors:DurationError',
+    'pydantic.errors:EmailError',
+    'pydantic.errors:EnumError',
+    'pydantic.errors:EnumMemberError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ExtraError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FloatError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FrozenSetError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FrozenSetMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:FrozenSetMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:HashableError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv4AddressError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv4InterfaceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv4NetworkError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv6AddressError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv6InterfaceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPv6NetworkError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPvAnyAddressError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPvAnyInterfaceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IPvAnyNetworkError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IntEnumError',
+    'pydantic.errors:IntegerError',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidByteSize',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidByteSizeUnit',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidDiscriminator',
+    'pydantic.errors:InvalidLengthForBrand',
+    'pydantic.errors:JsonError',
+    'pydantic.errors:JsonTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:ListUniqueItemsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:LuhnValidationError',
+    'pydantic.errors:MissingDiscriminator',
+    'pydantic.errors:MissingError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NoneIsAllowedError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NoneIsNotAllowedError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NotDigitError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NotNoneError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotGeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotGtError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotLeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotLtError',
+    'pydantic.errors:NumberNotMultipleError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathNotADirectoryError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathNotAFileError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PathNotExistsError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PatternError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PyObjectError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PydanticTypeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:PydanticValueError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SequenceError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SetError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SetMaxLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SetMinLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:StrError',
+    'pydantic.errors:StrRegexError',
+    'pydantic.errors:StrictBoolError',
+    'pydantic.errors:SubclassError',
+    'pydantic.errors:TimeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:TupleError',
+    'pydantic.errors:TupleLengthError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UUIDError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UUIDVersionError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlExtraError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlHostError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlHostTldError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlPortError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlSchemeError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlSchemePermittedError',
+    'pydantic.errors:UrlUserInfoError',
+    'pydantic.errors:WrongConstantError',
+    'pydantic.main:validate_model',
+    'pydantic.networks:stricturl',
+    'pydantic:parse_file_as',
+    'pydantic:parse_raw_as',
+    'pydantic:stricturl',
+    'pydantic.tools:parse_file_as',
+    'pydantic.tools:parse_raw_as',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedBytes',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedDate',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedFloat',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedInt',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedList',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedSet',
+    'pydantic.types:ConstrainedStr',
+    'pydantic.types:JsonWrapper',
+    'pydantic.types:NoneBytes',
+    'pydantic.types:NoneStr',
+    'pydantic.types:NoneStrBytes',
+    'pydantic.types:StrBytes',
+    'pydantic.typing:evaluate_forwardref',
+    'pydantic.typing:AbstractSetIntStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:AnyCallable',
+    'pydantic.typing:AnyClassMethod',
+    'pydantic.typing:CallableGenerator',
+    'pydantic.typing:DictAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:DictIntStrAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:DictStrAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:IntStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:ListStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:MappingIntStrAny',
+    'pydantic.typing:NoArgAnyCallable',
+    'pydantic.typing:NoneType',
+    'pydantic.typing:ReprArgs',
+    'pydantic.typing:SetStr',
+    'pydantic.typing:StrPath',
+    'pydantic.typing:TupleGenerator',
+    'pydantic.typing:WithArgsTypes',
+    'pydantic.typing:all_literal_values',
+    'pydantic.typing:display_as_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_all_type_hints',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_args',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_origin',
+    'pydantic.typing:get_sub_types',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_callable_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_classvar',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_finalvar',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_literal_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_namedtuple',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_new_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_none_type',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_typeddict',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_typeddict_special',
+    'pydantic.typing:is_union',
+    'pydantic.typing:new_type_supertype',
+    'pydantic.typing:resolve_annotations',
+    'pydantic.typing:typing_base',
+    'pydantic.typing:update_field_forward_refs',
+    'pydantic.typing:update_model_forward_refs',
+    'pydantic.utils:ClassAttribute',
+    'pydantic.utils:DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES',
+    'pydantic.utils:PyObjectStr',
+    'pydantic.utils:ValueItems',
+    'pydantic.utils:almost_equal_floats',
+    'pydantic.utils:get_discriminator_alias_and_values',
+    'pydantic.utils:get_model',
+    'pydantic.utils:get_unique_discriminator_alias',
+    'pydantic.utils:in_ipython',
+    'pydantic.utils:is_valid_identifier',
+    'pydantic.utils:path_type',
+    'pydantic.utils:validate_field_name',
+    'pydantic:validate_model',
+}
+
+
+def getattr_migration(module: str) -> Callable[[str], Any]:
+    """Implement PEP 562 for objects that were either moved or removed on the migration
+    to V2.
+
+    Args:
+        module: The module name.
+
+    Returns:
+        A callable that will raise an error if the object is not found.
+    """
+    # This avoids circular import with errors.py.
+    from .errors import PydanticImportError
+
+    def wrapper(name: str) -> object:
+        """Raise an error if the object is not found, or warn if it was moved.
+
+        In case it was moved, it still returns the object.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The object name.
+
+        Returns:
+            The object.
+        """
+        if name == '__path__':
+            raise AttributeError(f'module {module!r} has no attribute {name!r}')
+
+        import warnings
+
+        from ._internal._validators import import_string
+
+        import_path = f'{module}:{name}'
+        if import_path in MOVED_IN_V2.keys():
+            new_location = MOVED_IN_V2[import_path]
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'`{import_path}` has been moved to `{new_location}`.',
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return import_string(MOVED_IN_V2[import_path])
+        if import_path in DEPRECATED_MOVED_IN_V2:
+            # skip the warning here because a deprecation warning will be raised elsewhere
+            return import_string(DEPRECATED_MOVED_IN_V2[import_path])
+        if import_path in REDIRECT_TO_V1:
+            new_location = REDIRECT_TO_V1[import_path]
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'`{import_path}` has been removed. We are importing from `{new_location}` instead.'
+                'See the migration guide for more details: https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/migration/',
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return import_string(REDIRECT_TO_V1[import_path])
+        if import_path == 'pydantic:BaseSettings':
+            raise PydanticImportError(
+                '`BaseSettings` has been moved to the `pydantic-settings` package. '
+                f'See https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/migration/#basesettings-has-moved-to-pydantic-settings '
+                'for more details.'
+            )
+        if import_path in REMOVED_IN_V2:
+            raise PydanticImportError(f'`{import_path}` has been removed in V2.')
+        globals: dict[str, Any] = sys.modules[module].__dict__
+        if name in globals:
+            return globals[name]
+        raise AttributeError(f'module {module!r} has no attribute {name!r}')
+
+    return wrapper
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/alias_generators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/alias_generators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b7653f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/alias_generators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Alias generators for converting between different capitalization conventions."""
+
+import re
+
+__all__ = ('to_pascal', 'to_camel', 'to_snake')
+
+# TODO: in V3, change the argument names to be more descriptive
+# Generally, don't only convert from snake_case, or name the functions
+# more specifically like snake_to_camel.
+
+
+def to_pascal(snake: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a snake_case string to PascalCase.
+
+    Args:
+        snake: The string to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+        The PascalCase string.
+    """
+    camel = snake.title()
+    return re.sub('([0-9A-Za-z])_(?=[0-9A-Z])', lambda m: m.group(1), camel)
+
+
+def to_camel(snake: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a snake_case string to camelCase.
+
+    Args:
+        snake: The string to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+        The converted camelCase string.
+    """
+    # If the string is already in camelCase and does not contain a digit followed
+    # by a lowercase letter, return it as it is
+    if re.match('^[a-z]+[A-Za-z0-9]*$', snake) and not re.search(r'\d[a-z]', snake):
+        return snake
+
+    camel = to_pascal(snake)
+    return re.sub('(^_*[A-Z])', lambda m: m.group(1).lower(), camel)
+
+
+def to_snake(camel: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a PascalCase, camelCase, or kebab-case string to snake_case.
+
+    Args:
+        camel: The string to convert.
+
+    Returns:
+        The converted string in snake_case.
+    """
+    # Handle the sequence of uppercase letters followed by a lowercase letter
+    snake = re.sub(r'([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', camel)
+    # Insert an underscore between a lowercase letter and an uppercase letter
+    snake = re.sub(r'([a-z])([A-Z])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', snake)
+    # Insert an underscore between a digit and an uppercase letter
+    snake = re.sub(r'([0-9])([A-Z])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', snake)
+    # Insert an underscore between a lowercase letter and a digit
+    snake = re.sub(r'([a-z])([0-9])', lambda m: f'{m.group(1)}_{m.group(2)}', snake)
+    # Replace hyphens with underscores to handle kebab-case
+    snake = snake.replace('-', '_')
+    return snake.lower()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/aliases.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/aliases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac22737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/aliases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""Support for alias configurations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+
+from ._internal import _internal_dataclass
+
+__all__ = ('AliasGenerator', 'AliasPath', 'AliasChoices')
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AliasPath:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`AliasPath` and `AliasChoices`](../concepts/alias.md#aliaspath-and-aliaschoices)
+
+    A data class used by `validation_alias` as a convenience to create aliases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path: A list of string or integer aliases.
+    """
+
+    path: list[int | str]
+
+    def __init__(self, first_arg: str, *args: str | int) -> None:
+        self.path = [first_arg] + list(args)
+
+    def convert_to_aliases(self) -> list[str | int]:
+        """Converts arguments to a list of string or integer aliases.
+
+        Returns:
+            The list of aliases.
+        """
+        return self.path
+
+    def search_dict_for_path(self, d: dict) -> Any:
+        """Searches a dictionary for the path specified by the alias.
+
+        Returns:
+            The value at the specified path, or `PydanticUndefined` if the path is not found.
+        """
+        v = d
+        for k in self.path:
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                # disallow indexing into a str, like for AliasPath('x', 0) and x='abc'
+                return PydanticUndefined
+            try:
+                v = v[k]
+            except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+                return PydanticUndefined
+        return v
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AliasChoices:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`AliasPath` and `AliasChoices`](../concepts/alias.md#aliaspath-and-aliaschoices)
+
+    A data class used by `validation_alias` as a convenience to create aliases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        choices: A list containing a string or `AliasPath`.
+    """
+
+    choices: list[str | AliasPath]
+
+    def __init__(self, first_choice: str | AliasPath, *choices: str | AliasPath) -> None:
+        self.choices = [first_choice] + list(choices)
+
+    def convert_to_aliases(self) -> list[list[str | int]]:
+        """Converts arguments to a list of lists containing string or integer aliases.
+
+        Returns:
+            The list of aliases.
+        """
+        aliases: list[list[str | int]] = []
+        for c in self.choices:
+            if isinstance(c, AliasPath):
+                aliases.append(c.convert_to_aliases())
+            else:
+                aliases.append([c])
+        return aliases
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AliasGenerator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Using an `AliasGenerator`](../concepts/alias.md#using-an-aliasgenerator)
+
+    A data class used by `alias_generator` as a convenience to create various aliases.
+
+    Attributes:
+        alias: A callable that takes a field name and returns an alias for it.
+        validation_alias: A callable that takes a field name and returns a validation alias for it.
+        serialization_alias: A callable that takes a field name and returns a serialization alias for it.
+    """
+
+    alias: Callable[[str], str] | None = None
+    validation_alias: Callable[[str], str | AliasPath | AliasChoices] | None = None
+    serialization_alias: Callable[[str], str] | None = None
+
+    def _generate_alias(
+        self,
+        alias_kind: Literal['alias', 'validation_alias', 'serialization_alias'],
+        allowed_types: tuple[type[str] | type[AliasPath] | type[AliasChoices], ...],
+        field_name: str,
+    ) -> str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None:
+        """Generate an alias of the specified kind. Returns None if the alias generator is None.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If the alias generator produces an invalid type.
+        """
+        alias = None
+        if alias_generator := getattr(self, alias_kind):
+            alias = alias_generator(field_name)
+            if alias and not isinstance(alias, allowed_types):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'Invalid `{alias_kind}` type. `{alias_kind}` generator must produce one of `{allowed_types}`'
+                )
+        return alias
+
+    def generate_aliases(self, field_name: str) -> tuple[str | None, str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None, str | None]:
+        """Generate `alias`, `validation_alias`, and `serialization_alias` for a field.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of three aliases - validation, alias, and serialization.
+        """
+        alias = self._generate_alias('alias', (str,), field_name)
+        validation_alias = self._generate_alias('validation_alias', (str, AliasChoices, AliasPath), field_name)
+        serialization_alias = self._generate_alias('serialization_alias', (str,), field_name)
+
+        return alias, validation_alias, serialization_alias  # type: ignore
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/annotated_handlers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/annotated_handlers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0cb5d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/annotated_handlers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Type annotations to use with `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` and `__get_pydantic_json_schema__`."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
+
+from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._namespace_utils import NamespacesTuple
+    from .json_schema import JsonSchemaMode, JsonSchemaValue
+
+    CoreSchemaOrField = Union[
+        core_schema.CoreSchema,
+        core_schema.ModelField,
+        core_schema.DataclassField,
+        core_schema.TypedDictField,
+        core_schema.ComputedField,
+    ]
+
+__all__ = 'GetJsonSchemaHandler', 'GetCoreSchemaHandler'
+
+
+class GetJsonSchemaHandler:
+    """Handler to call into the next JSON schema generation function.
+
+    Attributes:
+        mode: Json schema mode, can be `validation` or `serialization`.
+    """
+
+    mode: JsonSchemaMode
+
+    def __call__(self, core_schema: CoreSchemaOrField, /) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Call the inner handler and get the JsonSchemaValue it returns.
+        This will call the next JSON schema modifying function up until it calls
+        into `pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema`, which will raise a
+        `pydantic.errors.PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema` error if it cannot generate
+        a JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            core_schema: A `pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreSchema`.
+
+        Returns:
+            JsonSchemaValue: The JSON schema generated by the inner JSON schema modify
+            functions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_json_schema: JsonSchemaValue, /) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Get the real schema for a `{"$ref": ...}` schema.
+        If the schema given is not a `$ref` schema, it will be returned as is.
+        This means you don't have to check before calling this function.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_json_schema: A JsonSchemaValue which may be a `$ref` schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If the ref is not found.
+
+        Returns:
+            JsonSchemaValue: A JsonSchemaValue that has no `$ref`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class GetCoreSchemaHandler:
+    """Handler to call into the next CoreSchema schema generation function."""
+
+    def __call__(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Call the inner handler and get the CoreSchema it returns.
+        This will call the next CoreSchema modifying function up until it calls
+        into Pydantic's internal schema generation machinery, which will raise a
+        `pydantic.errors.PydanticSchemaGenerationError` error if it cannot generate
+        a CoreSchema for the given source type.
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: The input type.
+
+        Returns:
+            CoreSchema: The `pydantic-core` CoreSchema generated.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def generate_schema(self, source_type: Any, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Generate a schema unrelated to the current context.
+        Use this function if e.g. you are handling schema generation for a sequence
+        and want to generate a schema for its items.
+        Otherwise, you may end up doing something like applying a `min_length` constraint
+        that was intended for the sequence itself to its items!
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: The input type.
+
+        Returns:
+            CoreSchema: The `pydantic-core` CoreSchema generated.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, maybe_ref_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, /) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Get the real schema for a `definition-ref` schema.
+        If the schema given is not a `definition-ref` schema, it will be returned as is.
+        This means you don't have to check before calling this function.
+
+        Args:
+            maybe_ref_schema: A `CoreSchema`, `ref`-based or not.
+
+        Raises:
+            LookupError: If the `ref` is not found.
+
+        Returns:
+            A concrete `CoreSchema`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str | None:
+        """Get the name of the closest field to this validator."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _get_types_namespace(self) -> NamespacesTuple:
+        """Internal method used during type resolution for serializer annotations."""
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/class_validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/class_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9977150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/class_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""`class_validators` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/color.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a42d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+"""Color definitions are used as per the CSS3
+[CSS Color Module Level 3](http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color) specification.
+
+A few colors have multiple names referring to the sames colors, eg. `grey` and `gray` or `aqua` and `cyan`.
+
+In these cases the _last_ color when sorted alphabetically takes preferences,
+eg. `Color((0, 255, 255)).as_named() == 'cyan'` because "cyan" comes after "aqua".
+
+Warning: Deprecated
+    The `Color` class is deprecated, use `pydantic_extra_types` instead.
+    See [`pydantic-extra-types.Color`](../usage/types/extra_types/color_types.md)
+    for more information.
+"""
+
+import math
+import re
+from colorsys import hls_to_rgb, rgb_to_hls
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union, cast
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, PydanticCustomError, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ._internal import _repr
+from ._internal._schema_generation_shared import GetJsonSchemaHandler as _GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+ColorTuple = Union[tuple[int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int, float]]
+ColorType = Union[ColorTuple, str]
+HslColorTuple = Union[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float, float]]
+
+
+class RGBA:
+    """Internal use only as a representation of a color."""
+
+    __slots__ = 'r', 'g', 'b', 'alpha', '_tuple'
+
+    def __init__(self, r: float, g: float, b: float, alpha: Optional[float]):
+        self.r = r
+        self.g = g
+        self.b = b
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+        self._tuple: tuple[float, float, float, Optional[float]] = (r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any:
+        return self._tuple[item]
+
+
+# these are not compiled here to avoid import slowdown, they'll be compiled the first time they're used, then cached
+_r_255 = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)'
+_r_comma = r'\s*,\s*'
+_r_alpha = r'(\d(?:\.\d+)?|\.\d+|\d{1,2}%)'
+_r_h = r'(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?|-?\.\d+)(deg|rad|turn)?'
+_r_sl = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)%'
+r_hex_short = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])?\s*'
+r_hex_long = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})?\s*'
+# CSS3 RGB examples: rgb(0, 0, 0), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 50%)
+r_rgb = rf'\s*rgba?\(\s*{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}(?:{_r_comma}{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+# CSS3 HSL examples: hsl(270, 60%, 50%), hsla(270, 60%, 50%, 0.5), hsla(270, 60%, 50%, 50%)
+r_hsl = rf'\s*hsla?\(\s*{_r_h}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}(?:{_r_comma}{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+# CSS4 RGB examples: rgb(0 0 0), rgb(0 0 0 / 0.5), rgb(0 0 0 / 50%), rgba(0 0 0 / 50%)
+r_rgb_v4_style = rf'\s*rgba?\(\s*{_r_255}\s+{_r_255}\s+{_r_255}(?:\s*/\s*{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+# CSS4 HSL examples: hsl(270 60% 50%), hsl(270 60% 50% / 0.5), hsl(270 60% 50% / 50%), hsla(270 60% 50% / 50%)
+r_hsl_v4_style = rf'\s*hsla?\(\s*{_r_h}\s+{_r_sl}\s+{_r_sl}(?:\s*/\s*{_r_alpha})?\s*\)\s*'
+
+# colors where the two hex characters are the same, if all colors match this the short version of hex colors can be used
+repeat_colors = {int(c * 2, 16) for c in '0123456789abcdef'}
+rads = 2 * math.pi
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'The `Color` class is deprecated, use `pydantic_extra_types` instead. '
+    'See https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/pydantic_extra_types_color/.',
+    category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+)
+class Color(_repr.Representation):
+    """Represents a color."""
+
+    __slots__ = '_original', '_rgba'
+
+    def __init__(self, value: ColorType) -> None:
+        self._rgba: RGBA
+        self._original: ColorType
+        if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+            self._rgba = parse_tuple(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self._rgba = parse_str(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, Color):
+            self._rgba = value._rgba
+            value = value._original
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError(
+                'color_error', 'value is not a valid color: value must be a tuple, list or string'
+            )
+
+        # if we've got here value must be a valid color
+        self._original = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = {}
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='color')
+        return field_schema
+
+    def original(self) -> ColorType:
+        """Original value passed to `Color`."""
+        return self._original
+
+    def as_named(self, *, fallback: bool = False) -> str:
+        """Returns the name of the color if it can be found in `COLORS_BY_VALUE` dictionary,
+        otherwise returns the hexadecimal representation of the color or raises `ValueError`.
+
+        Args:
+            fallback: If True, falls back to returning the hexadecimal representation of
+                the color instead of raising a ValueError when no named color is found.
+
+        Returns:
+            The name of the color, or the hexadecimal representation of the color.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When no named color is found and fallback is `False`.
+        """
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            rgb = cast(tuple[int, int, int], self.as_rgb_tuple())
+            try:
+                return COLORS_BY_VALUE[rgb]
+            except KeyError as e:
+                if fallback:
+                    return self.as_hex()
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('no named color found, use fallback=True, as_hex() or as_rgb()') from e
+        else:
+            return self.as_hex()
+
+    def as_hex(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the hexadecimal representation of the color.
+
+        Hex string representing the color can be 3, 4, 6, or 8 characters depending on whether the string
+        a "short" representation of the color is possible and whether there's an alpha channel.
+
+        Returns:
+            The hexadecimal representation of the color.
+        """
+        values = [float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3]]
+        if self._rgba.alpha is not None:
+            values.append(float_to_255(self._rgba.alpha))
+
+        as_hex = ''.join(f'{v:02x}' for v in values)
+        if all(c in repeat_colors for c in values):
+            as_hex = ''.join(as_hex[c] for c in range(0, len(as_hex), 2))
+        return '#' + as_hex
+
+    def as_rgb(self) -> str:
+        """Color as an `rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>)` or `rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>)` string."""
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            return f'rgb({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)})'
+        else:
+            return (
+                f'rgba({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)}, '
+                f'{round(self._alpha_float(), 2)})'
+            )
+
+    def as_rgb_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> ColorTuple:
+        """Returns the color as an RGB or RGBA tuple.
+
+        Args:
+            alpha: Whether to include the alpha channel. There are three options for this input:
+
+                - `None` (default): Include alpha only if it's set. (e.g. not `None`)
+                - `True`: Always include alpha.
+                - `False`: Always omit alpha.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple that contains the values of the red, green, and blue channels in the range 0 to 255.
+                If alpha is included, it is in the range 0 to 1.
+        """
+        r, g, b = (float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3])
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return r, g, b
+            else:
+                return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        elif alpha:
+            return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return r, g, b
+
+    def as_hsl(self) -> str:
+        """Color as an `hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>)` or `hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>, <a>)` string."""
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            h, s, li = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=False)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%})'
+        else:
+            h, s, li, a = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=True)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%}, {round(a, 2)})'
+
+    def as_hsl_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> HslColorTuple:
+        """Returns the color as an HSL or HSLA tuple.
+
+        Args:
+            alpha: Whether to include the alpha channel.
+
+                - `None` (default): Include the alpha channel only if it's set (e.g. not `None`).
+                - `True`: Always include alpha.
+                - `False`: Always omit alpha.
+
+        Returns:
+            The color as a tuple of hue, saturation, lightness, and alpha (if included).
+                All elements are in the range 0 to 1.
+
+        Note:
+            This is HSL as used in HTML and most other places, not HLS as used in Python's `colorsys`.
+        """
+        h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(self._rgba.r, self._rgba.g, self._rgba.b)  # noqa: E741
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return h, s, l
+            else:
+                return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        if alpha:
+            return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return h, s, l
+
+    def _alpha_float(self) -> float:
+        return 1 if self._rgba.alpha is None else self._rgba.alpha
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], CoreSchema]
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(
+            cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> 'Color':
+        return cls(__input_value)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.as_named(fallback=True)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> '_repr.ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, self.as_named(fallback=True))] + [('rgb', self.as_rgb_tuple())]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Color) and self.as_rgb_tuple() == other.as_rgb_tuple()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.as_rgb_tuple())
+
+
+def parse_tuple(value: tuple[Any, ...]) -> RGBA:
+    """Parse a tuple or list to get RGBA values.
+
+    Args:
+        value: A tuple or list.
+
+    Returns:
+        An `RGBA` tuple parsed from the input tuple.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If tuple is not valid.
+    """
+    if len(value) == 3:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value)
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, None)
+    elif len(value) == 4:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value[:3])
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, parse_float_alpha(value[3]))
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: tuples must have length 3 or 4')
+
+
+def parse_str(value: str) -> RGBA:
+    """Parse a string representing a color to an RGBA tuple.
+
+    Possible formats for the input string include:
+
+    * named color, see `COLORS_BY_NAME`
+    * hex short eg. `<prefix>fff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * hex long eg. `<prefix>ffffff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * `rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>)`
+    * `rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>)`
+
+    Args:
+        value: A string representing a color.
+
+    Returns:
+        An `RGBA` tuple parsed from the input string.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the input string cannot be parsed to an RGBA tuple.
+    """
+    value_lower = value.lower()
+    try:
+        r, g, b = COLORS_BY_NAME[value_lower]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, None)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_short, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v * 2, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha: Optional[float] = int(a * 2, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_long, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha = int(a, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_rgb, value_lower) or re.fullmatch(r_rgb_v4_style, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return ints_to_rgba(*m.groups())  # type: ignore
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hsl, value_lower) or re.fullmatch(r_hsl_v4_style, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return parse_hsl(*m.groups())  # type: ignore
+
+    raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: string not recognised as a valid color')
+
+
+def ints_to_rgba(r: Union[int, str], g: Union[int, str], b: Union[int, str], alpha: Optional[float] = None) -> RGBA:
+    """Converts integer or string values for RGB color and an optional alpha value to an `RGBA` object.
+
+    Args:
+        r: An integer or string representing the red color value.
+        g: An integer or string representing the green color value.
+        b: An integer or string representing the blue color value.
+        alpha: A float representing the alpha value. Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of the `RGBA` class with the corresponding color and alpha values.
+    """
+    return RGBA(parse_color_value(r), parse_color_value(g), parse_color_value(b), parse_float_alpha(alpha))
+
+
+def parse_color_value(value: Union[int, str], max_val: int = 255) -> float:
+    """Parse the color value provided and return a number between 0 and 1.
+
+    Args:
+        value: An integer or string color value.
+        max_val: Maximum range value. Defaults to 255.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If the value is not a valid color.
+
+    Returns:
+        A number between 0 and 1.
+    """
+    try:
+        color = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: color values must be a valid number')
+    if 0 <= color <= max_val:
+        return color / max_val
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'color_error',
+            'value is not a valid color: color values must be in the range 0 to {max_val}',
+            {'max_val': max_val},
+        )
+
+
+def parse_float_alpha(value: Union[None, str, float, int]) -> Optional[float]:
+    """Parse an alpha value checking it's a valid float in the range 0 to 1.
+
+    Args:
+        value: The input value to parse.
+
+    Returns:
+        The parsed value as a float, or `None` if the value was None or equal 1.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If the input value cannot be successfully parsed as a float in the expected range.
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith('%'):
+            alpha = float(value[:-1]) / 100
+        else:
+            alpha = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: alpha values must be a valid float')
+
+    if math.isclose(alpha, 1):
+        return None
+    elif 0 <= alpha <= 1:
+        return alpha
+    else:
+        raise PydanticCustomError('color_error', 'value is not a valid color: alpha values must be in the range 0 to 1')
+
+
+def parse_hsl(h: str, h_units: str, sat: str, light: str, alpha: Optional[float] = None) -> RGBA:
+    """Parse raw hue, saturation, lightness, and alpha values and convert to RGBA.
+
+    Args:
+        h: The hue value.
+        h_units: The unit for hue value.
+        sat: The saturation value.
+        light: The lightness value.
+        alpha: Alpha value.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of `RGBA`.
+    """
+    s_value, l_value = parse_color_value(sat, 100), parse_color_value(light, 100)
+
+    h_value = float(h)
+    if h_units in {None, 'deg'}:
+        h_value = h_value % 360 / 360
+    elif h_units == 'rad':
+        h_value = h_value % rads / rads
+    else:
+        # turns
+        h_value = h_value % 1
+
+    r, g, b = hls_to_rgb(h_value, l_value, s_value)
+    return RGBA(r, g, b, parse_float_alpha(alpha))
+
+
+def float_to_255(c: float) -> int:
+    """Converts a float value between 0 and 1 (inclusive) to an integer between 0 and 255 (inclusive).
+
+    Args:
+        c: The float value to be converted. Must be between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
+
+    Returns:
+        The integer equivalent of the given float value rounded to the nearest whole number.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the given float value is outside the acceptable range of 0 to 1 (inclusive).
+    """
+    return int(round(c * 255))
+
+
+COLORS_BY_NAME = {
+    'aliceblue': (240, 248, 255),
+    'antiquewhite': (250, 235, 215),
+    'aqua': (0, 255, 255),
+    'aquamarine': (127, 255, 212),
+    'azure': (240, 255, 255),
+    'beige': (245, 245, 220),
+    'bisque': (255, 228, 196),
+    'black': (0, 0, 0),
+    'blanchedalmond': (255, 235, 205),
+    'blue': (0, 0, 255),
+    'blueviolet': (138, 43, 226),
+    'brown': (165, 42, 42),
+    'burlywood': (222, 184, 135),
+    'cadetblue': (95, 158, 160),
+    'chartreuse': (127, 255, 0),
+    'chocolate': (210, 105, 30),
+    'coral': (255, 127, 80),
+    'cornflowerblue': (100, 149, 237),
+    'cornsilk': (255, 248, 220),
+    'crimson': (220, 20, 60),
+    'cyan': (0, 255, 255),
+    'darkblue': (0, 0, 139),
+    'darkcyan': (0, 139, 139),
+    'darkgoldenrod': (184, 134, 11),
+    'darkgray': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkgreen': (0, 100, 0),
+    'darkgrey': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkkhaki': (189, 183, 107),
+    'darkmagenta': (139, 0, 139),
+    'darkolivegreen': (85, 107, 47),
+    'darkorange': (255, 140, 0),
+    'darkorchid': (153, 50, 204),
+    'darkred': (139, 0, 0),
+    'darksalmon': (233, 150, 122),
+    'darkseagreen': (143, 188, 143),
+    'darkslateblue': (72, 61, 139),
+    'darkslategray': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkslategrey': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkturquoise': (0, 206, 209),
+    'darkviolet': (148, 0, 211),
+    'deeppink': (255, 20, 147),
+    'deepskyblue': (0, 191, 255),
+    'dimgray': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dimgrey': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dodgerblue': (30, 144, 255),
+    'firebrick': (178, 34, 34),
+    'floralwhite': (255, 250, 240),
+    'forestgreen': (34, 139, 34),
+    'fuchsia': (255, 0, 255),
+    'gainsboro': (220, 220, 220),
+    'ghostwhite': (248, 248, 255),
+    'gold': (255, 215, 0),
+    'goldenrod': (218, 165, 32),
+    'gray': (128, 128, 128),
+    'green': (0, 128, 0),
+    'greenyellow': (173, 255, 47),
+    'grey': (128, 128, 128),
+    'honeydew': (240, 255, 240),
+    'hotpink': (255, 105, 180),
+    'indianred': (205, 92, 92),
+    'indigo': (75, 0, 130),
+    'ivory': (255, 255, 240),
+    'khaki': (240, 230, 140),
+    'lavender': (230, 230, 250),
+    'lavenderblush': (255, 240, 245),
+    'lawngreen': (124, 252, 0),
+    'lemonchiffon': (255, 250, 205),
+    'lightblue': (173, 216, 230),
+    'lightcoral': (240, 128, 128),
+    'lightcyan': (224, 255, 255),
+    'lightgoldenrodyellow': (250, 250, 210),
+    'lightgray': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightgreen': (144, 238, 144),
+    'lightgrey': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightpink': (255, 182, 193),
+    'lightsalmon': (255, 160, 122),
+    'lightseagreen': (32, 178, 170),
+    'lightskyblue': (135, 206, 250),
+    'lightslategray': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightslategrey': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightsteelblue': (176, 196, 222),
+    'lightyellow': (255, 255, 224),
+    'lime': (0, 255, 0),
+    'limegreen': (50, 205, 50),
+    'linen': (250, 240, 230),
+    'magenta': (255, 0, 255),
+    'maroon': (128, 0, 0),
+    'mediumaquamarine': (102, 205, 170),
+    'mediumblue': (0, 0, 205),
+    'mediumorchid': (186, 85, 211),
+    'mediumpurple': (147, 112, 219),
+    'mediumseagreen': (60, 179, 113),
+    'mediumslateblue': (123, 104, 238),
+    'mediumspringgreen': (0, 250, 154),
+    'mediumturquoise': (72, 209, 204),
+    'mediumvioletred': (199, 21, 133),
+    'midnightblue': (25, 25, 112),
+    'mintcream': (245, 255, 250),
+    'mistyrose': (255, 228, 225),
+    'moccasin': (255, 228, 181),
+    'navajowhite': (255, 222, 173),
+    'navy': (0, 0, 128),
+    'oldlace': (253, 245, 230),
+    'olive': (128, 128, 0),
+    'olivedrab': (107, 142, 35),
+    'orange': (255, 165, 0),
+    'orangered': (255, 69, 0),
+    'orchid': (218, 112, 214),
+    'palegoldenrod': (238, 232, 170),
+    'palegreen': (152, 251, 152),
+    'paleturquoise': (175, 238, 238),
+    'palevioletred': (219, 112, 147),
+    'papayawhip': (255, 239, 213),
+    'peachpuff': (255, 218, 185),
+    'peru': (205, 133, 63),
+    'pink': (255, 192, 203),
+    'plum': (221, 160, 221),
+    'powderblue': (176, 224, 230),
+    'purple': (128, 0, 128),
+    'red': (255, 0, 0),
+    'rosybrown': (188, 143, 143),
+    'royalblue': (65, 105, 225),
+    'saddlebrown': (139, 69, 19),
+    'salmon': (250, 128, 114),
+    'sandybrown': (244, 164, 96),
+    'seagreen': (46, 139, 87),
+    'seashell': (255, 245, 238),
+    'sienna': (160, 82, 45),
+    'silver': (192, 192, 192),
+    'skyblue': (135, 206, 235),
+    'slateblue': (106, 90, 205),
+    'slategray': (112, 128, 144),
+    'slategrey': (112, 128, 144),
+    'snow': (255, 250, 250),
+    'springgreen': (0, 255, 127),
+    'steelblue': (70, 130, 180),
+    'tan': (210, 180, 140),
+    'teal': (0, 128, 128),
+    'thistle': (216, 191, 216),
+    'tomato': (255, 99, 71),
+    'turquoise': (64, 224, 208),
+    'violet': (238, 130, 238),
+    'wheat': (245, 222, 179),
+    'white': (255, 255, 255),
+    'whitesmoke': (245, 245, 245),
+    'yellow': (255, 255, 0),
+    'yellowgreen': (154, 205, 50),
+}
+
+COLORS_BY_VALUE = {v: k for k, v in COLORS_BY_NAME.items()}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d89525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1296 @@
+"""Configuration for Pydantic models."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import warnings
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, cast, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypedDict, Unpack, deprecated
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .aliases import AliasGenerator
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._generate_schema import GenerateSchema as _GenerateSchema
+    from .fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo
+
+__all__ = ('ConfigDict', 'with_config')
+
+
+JsonValue: TypeAlias = Union[int, float, str, bool, None, list['JsonValue'], 'JsonDict']
+JsonDict: TypeAlias = dict[str, JsonValue]
+
+JsonEncoder = Callable[[Any], Any]
+
+JsonSchemaExtraCallable: TypeAlias = Union[
+    Callable[[JsonDict], None],
+    Callable[[JsonDict, type[Any]], None],
+]
+
+ExtraValues = Literal['allow', 'ignore', 'forbid']
+
+
+class ConfigDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """A TypedDict for configuring Pydantic behaviour."""
+
+    title: str | None
+    """The title for the generated JSON schema, defaults to the model's name"""
+
+    model_title_generator: Callable[[type], str] | None
+    """A callable that takes a model class and returns the title for it. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo | ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None
+    """A callable that takes a field's name and info and returns title for it. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    str_to_lower: bool
+    """Whether to convert all characters to lowercase for str types. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    str_to_upper: bool
+    """Whether to convert all characters to uppercase for str types. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    str_strip_whitespace: bool
+    """Whether to strip leading and trailing whitespace for str types."""
+
+    str_min_length: int
+    """The minimum length for str types. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    str_max_length: int | None
+    """The maximum length for str types. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    extra: ExtraValues | None
+    '''
+    Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model initialization. Defaults to `'ignore'`.
+
+    Three configuration values are available:
+
+    - `'ignore'`: Providing extra data is ignored (the default):
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+      class User(BaseModel):
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='ignore')  # (1)!
+
+          name: str
+
+      user = User(name='John Doe', age=20)  # (2)!
+      print(user)
+      #> name='John Doe'
+      ```
+
+        1. This is the default behaviour.
+        2. The `age` argument is ignored.
+
+    - `'forbid'`: Providing extra data is not permitted, and a [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError]
+      will be raised if this is the case:
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+
+      class Model(BaseModel):
+          x: int
+
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid')
+
+
+      try:
+          Model(x=1, y='a')
+      except ValidationError as exc:
+          print(exc)
+          """
+          1 validation error for Model
+          y
+            Extra inputs are not permitted [type=extra_forbidden, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+          """
+      ```
+
+    - `'allow'`: Providing extra data is allowed and stored in the `__pydantic_extra__` dictionary attribute:
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+
+      class Model(BaseModel):
+          x: int
+
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow')
+
+
+      m = Model(x=1, y='a')
+      assert m.__pydantic_extra__ == {'y': 'a'}
+      ```
+      By default, no validation will be applied to these extra items, but you can set a type for the values by overriding
+      the type annotation for `__pydantic_extra__`:
+      ```python
+      from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+
+
+      class Model(BaseModel):
+          __pydantic_extra__: dict[str, int] = Field(init=False)  # (1)!
+
+          x: int
+
+          model_config = ConfigDict(extra='allow')
+
+
+      try:
+          Model(x=1, y='a')
+      except ValidationError as exc:
+          print(exc)
+          """
+          1 validation error for Model
+          y
+            Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+          """
+
+      m = Model(x=1, y='2')
+      assert m.x == 1
+      assert m.y == 2
+      assert m.model_dump() == {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
+      assert m.__pydantic_extra__ == {'y': 2}
+      ```
+
+        1. The `= Field(init=False)` does not have any effect at runtime, but prevents the `__pydantic_extra__` field from
+           being included as a parameter to the model's `__init__` method by type checkers.
+
+    As well as specifying an `extra` configuration value on the model, you can also provide it as an argument to the validation methods.
+    This will override any `extra` configuration value set on the model:
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        x: int
+        model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
+
+    try:
+        # Override model config and forbid extra fields just this time
+        Model.model_validate({"x": 1, "y": 2}, extra="forbid")
+    except ValidationError as exc:
+        print(exc)
+        """
+        1 validation error for Model
+        y
+          Extra inputs are not permitted [type=extra_forbidden, input_value=2, input_type=int]
+        """
+    ```
+    '''
+
+    frozen: bool
+    """
+    Whether models are faux-immutable, i.e. whether `__setattr__` is allowed, and also generates
+    a `__hash__()` method for the model. This makes instances of the model potentially hashable if all the
+    attributes are hashable. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Note:
+        On V1, the inverse of this setting was called `allow_mutation`, and was `True` by default.
+    """
+
+    populate_by_name: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field may be populated by its name as given by the model
+    attribute, as well as the alias. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    !!! warning
+        `populate_by_name` usage is not recommended in v2.11+ and will be deprecated in v3.
+        Instead, you should use the [`validate_by_name`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.validate_by_name] configuration setting.
+
+        When `validate_by_name=True` and `validate_by_alias=True`, this is strictly equivalent to the
+        previous behavior of `populate_by_name=True`.
+
+        In v2.11, we also introduced a [`validate_by_alias`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.validate_by_alias] setting that introduces more fine grained
+        control for validation behavior.
+
+        Here's how you might go about using the new settings to achieve the same behavior:
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=True)
+
+            my_field: str = Field(alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+        m = Model(my_alias='foo')  # (2)!
+        print(m)
+        #> my_field='foo'
+
+        m = Model(my_field='foo')  # (3)!
+        print(m)
+        #> my_field='foo'
+        ```
+
+        1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+        2. The model is populated by the alias `'my_alias'`.
+        3. The model is populated by the attribute name `'my_field'`.
+    """
+
+    use_enum_values: bool
+    """
+    Whether to populate models with the `value` property of enums, rather than the raw enum.
+    This may be useful if you want to serialize `model.model_dump()` later. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    !!! note
+        If you have an `Optional[Enum]` value that you set a default for, you need to use `validate_default=True`
+        for said Field to ensure that the `use_enum_values` flag takes effect on the default, as extracting an
+        enum's value occurs during validation, not serialization.
+
+    ```python
+    from enum import Enum
+    from typing import Optional
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class SomeEnum(Enum):
+        FOO = 'foo'
+        BAR = 'bar'
+        BAZ = 'baz'
+
+    class SomeModel(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(use_enum_values=True)
+
+        some_enum: SomeEnum
+        another_enum: Optional[SomeEnum] = Field(
+            default=SomeEnum.FOO, validate_default=True
+        )
+
+    model1 = SomeModel(some_enum=SomeEnum.BAR)
+    print(model1.model_dump())
+    #> {'some_enum': 'bar', 'another_enum': 'foo'}
+
+    model2 = SomeModel(some_enum=SomeEnum.BAR, another_enum=SomeEnum.BAZ)
+    print(model2.model_dump())
+    #> {'some_enum': 'bar', 'another_enum': 'baz'}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    validate_assignment: bool
+    """
+    Whether to validate the data when the model is changed. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    The default behavior of Pydantic is to validate the data when the model is created.
+
+    In case the user changes the data after the model is created, the model is _not_ revalidated.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        name: str
+
+    user = User(name='John Doe')  # (1)!
+    print(user)
+    #> name='John Doe'
+    user.name = 123  # (1)!
+    print(user)
+    #> name=123
+    ```
+
+    1. The validation happens only when the model is created.
+    2. The validation does not happen when the data is changed.
+
+    In case you want to revalidate the model when the data is changed, you can use `validate_assignment=True`:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+    class User(BaseModel, validate_assignment=True):  # (1)!
+        name: str
+
+    user = User(name='John Doe')  # (2)!
+    print(user)
+    #> name='John Doe'
+    try:
+        user.name = 123  # (3)!
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for User
+        name
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value=123, input_type=int]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    1. You can either use class keyword arguments, or `model_config` to set `validate_assignment=True`.
+    2. The validation happens when the model is created.
+    3. The validation _also_ happens when the data is changed.
+    """
+
+    arbitrary_types_allowed: bool
+    """
+    Whether arbitrary types are allowed for field types. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    # This is not a pydantic model, it's an arbitrary class
+    class Pet:
+        def __init__(self, name: str):
+            self.name = name
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
+
+        pet: Pet
+        owner: str
+
+    pet = Pet(name='Hedwig')
+    # A simple check of instance type is used to validate the data
+    model = Model(owner='Harry', pet=pet)
+    print(model)
+    #> pet=<__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab> owner='Harry'
+    print(model.pet)
+    #> <__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab>
+    print(model.pet.name)
+    #> Hedwig
+    print(type(model.pet))
+    #> <class '__main__.Pet'>
+    try:
+        # If the value is not an instance of the type, it's invalid
+        Model(owner='Harry', pet='Hedwig')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        pet
+          Input should be an instance of Pet [type=is_instance_of, input_value='Hedwig', input_type=str]
+        '''
+
+    # Nothing in the instance of the arbitrary type is checked
+    # Here name probably should have been a str, but it's not validated
+    pet2 = Pet(name=42)
+    model2 = Model(owner='Harry', pet=pet2)
+    print(model2)
+    #> pet=<__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab> owner='Harry'
+    print(model2.pet)
+    #> <__main__.Pet object at 0x0123456789ab>
+    print(model2.pet.name)
+    #> 42
+    print(type(model2.pet))
+    #> <class '__main__.Pet'>
+    ```
+    """
+
+    from_attributes: bool
+    """
+    Whether to build models and look up discriminators of tagged unions using python object attributes.
+    """
+
+    loc_by_alias: bool
+    """Whether to use the actual key provided in the data (e.g. alias) for error `loc`s rather than the field's name. Defaults to `True`."""
+
+    alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator | None
+    """
+    A callable that takes a field name and returns an alias for it
+    or an instance of [`AliasGenerator`][pydantic.aliases.AliasGenerator]. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    When using a callable, the alias generator is used for both validation and serialization.
+    If you want to use different alias generators for validation and serialization, you can use
+    [`AliasGenerator`][pydantic.aliases.AliasGenerator] instead.
+
+    If data source field names do not match your code style (e.g. CamelCase fields),
+    you can automatically generate aliases using `alias_generator`. Here's an example with
+    a basic callable:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+    from pydantic.alias_generators import to_pascal
+
+    class Voice(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(alias_generator=to_pascal)
+
+        name: str
+        language_code: str
+
+    voice = Voice(Name='Filiz', LanguageCode='tr-TR')
+    print(voice.language_code)
+    #> tr-TR
+    print(voice.model_dump(by_alias=True))
+    #> {'Name': 'Filiz', 'LanguageCode': 'tr-TR'}
+    ```
+
+    If you want to use different alias generators for validation and serialization, you can use
+    [`AliasGenerator`][pydantic.aliases.AliasGenerator].
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import AliasGenerator, BaseModel, ConfigDict
+    from pydantic.alias_generators import to_camel, to_pascal
+
+    class Athlete(BaseModel):
+        first_name: str
+        last_name: str
+        sport: str
+
+        model_config = ConfigDict(
+            alias_generator=AliasGenerator(
+                validation_alias=to_camel,
+                serialization_alias=to_pascal,
+            )
+        )
+
+    athlete = Athlete(firstName='John', lastName='Doe', sport='track')
+    print(athlete.model_dump(by_alias=True))
+    #> {'FirstName': 'John', 'LastName': 'Doe', 'Sport': 'track'}
+    ```
+
+    Note:
+        Pydantic offers three built-in alias generators: [`to_pascal`][pydantic.alias_generators.to_pascal],
+        [`to_camel`][pydantic.alias_generators.to_camel], and [`to_snake`][pydantic.alias_generators.to_snake].
+    """
+
+    ignored_types: tuple[type, ...]
+    """A tuple of types that may occur as values of class attributes without annotations. This is
+    typically used for custom descriptors (classes that behave like `property`). If an attribute is set on a
+    class without an annotation and has a type that is not in this tuple (or otherwise recognized by
+    _pydantic_), an error will be raised. Defaults to `()`.
+    """
+
+    allow_inf_nan: bool
+    """Whether to allow infinity (`+inf` an `-inf`) and NaN values to float and decimal fields. Defaults to `True`."""
+
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | JsonSchemaExtraCallable | None
+    """A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    json_encoders: dict[type[object], JsonEncoder] | None
+    """
+    A `dict` of custom JSON encoders for specific types. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    /// version-deprecated | v2
+    This configuration option is a carryover from v1. We originally planned to remove it in v2 but didn't have a 1:1 replacement
+    so we are keeping it for now. It is still deprecated and will likely be removed in the future.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    # new in V2
+    strict: bool
+    """
+    Whether strict validation is applied to all fields on the model.
+
+    By default, Pydantic attempts to coerce values to the correct type, when possible.
+
+    There are situations in which you may want to disable this behavior, and instead raise an error if a value's type
+    does not match the field's type annotation.
+
+    To configure strict mode for all fields on a model, you can set `strict=True` on the model.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(strict=True)
+
+        name: str
+        age: int
+    ```
+
+    See [Strict Mode](../concepts/strict_mode.md) for more details.
+
+    See the [Conversion Table](../concepts/conversion_table.md) for more details on how Pydantic converts data in both
+    strict and lax modes.
+
+    /// version-added | v2
+    ///
+    """
+    # whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances) should re-validate, default 'never'
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']
+    """
+    When and how to revalidate models and dataclasses during validation. Can be one of:
+
+    - `'never'`: will *not* revalidate models and dataclasses during validation
+    - `'always'`: will revalidate models and dataclasses during validation
+    - `'subclass-instances'`: will revalidate models and dataclasses during validation if the instance is a
+        subclass of the model or dataclass
+
+    The default is `'never'` (no revalidation).
+
+    This configuration only affects *the current model* it is applied on, and does *not* propagate to the models
+    referenced in fields.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    class User(BaseModel, revalidate_instances='never'):  # (1)!
+        name: str
+
+    class Transaction(BaseModel):
+        user: User
+
+    my_user = User(name='John')
+    t = Transaction(user=my_user)
+
+    my_user.name = 1  # (2)!
+    t = Transaction(user=my_user)  # (3)!
+    print(t)
+    #> user=User(name=1)
+    ```
+
+    1. This is the default behavior.
+    2. The assignment is *not* validated, unless you set [`validate_assignment`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_assignment] in the configuration.
+    3. Since `revalidate_instances` is set to `'never'`, the user instance is not revalidated.
+
+    Here is an example demonstrating the behavior of `'subclass-instances'`:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    class User(BaseModel, revalidate_instances='subclass-instances'):
+        name: str
+
+    class SubUser(User):
+        age: int
+
+    class Transaction(BaseModel):
+        user: User
+
+    my_user = User(name='John')
+    my_user.name = 1  # (1)!
+    t = Transaction(user=my_user)  # (2)!
+    print(t)
+    #> user=User(name=1)
+
+    my_sub_user = SubUser(name='John', age=20)
+    t = Transaction(user=my_sub_user)
+    print(t)  # (3)!
+    #> user=User(name='John')
+    ```
+
+    1. The assignment is *not* validated, unless you set [`validate_assignment`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_assignment] in the configuration.
+    2. Because `my_user` is a "direct" instance of `User`, it is *not* being revalidated. It would have been the case if
+      `revalidate_instances` was set to `'always'`.
+    3. Because `my_sub_user` is an instance of a `User` subclass, it is being revalidated. In this case, Pydantic coerces `my_sub_user` to the defined
+       `User` class defined on `Transaction`. If one of its fields had an invalid value, a validation error would have been raised.
+
+    /// version-added | v2
+    ///
+    """
+
+    ser_json_timedelta: Literal['iso8601', 'float']
+    """
+    The format of JSON serialized timedeltas. Accepts the string values of `'iso8601'` and
+    `'float'`. Defaults to `'iso8601'`.
+
+    - `'iso8601'` will serialize timedeltas to [ISO 8601 text format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations).
+    - `'float'` will serialize timedeltas to the total number of seconds.
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.12
+    It is now recommended to use the [`ser_json_temporal`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.ser_json_temporal]
+    setting. `ser_json_timedelta` will be deprecated in v3.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    ser_json_temporal: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds']
+    """
+    The format of JSON serialized temporal types from the [`datetime`][] module. This includes:
+
+    - [`datetime.datetime`][]
+    - [`datetime.date`][]
+    - [`datetime.time`][]
+    - [`datetime.timedelta`][]
+
+    Can be one of:
+
+    - `'iso8601'` will serialize date-like types to [ISO 8601 text format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations).
+    - `'milliseconds'` will serialize date-like types to a floating point number of milliseconds since the epoch.
+    - `'seconds'` will serialize date-like types to a floating point number of seconds since the epoch.
+
+    Defaults to `'iso8601'`.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.12
+    This setting replaces [`ser_json_timedelta`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.ser_json_timedelta],
+    which will be deprecated in v3. `ser_json_temporal` adds more configurability for the other temporal types.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    val_temporal_unit: Literal['seconds', 'milliseconds', 'infer']
+    """
+    The unit to assume for validating numeric input for datetime-like types ([`datetime.datetime`][] and [`datetime.date`][]). Can be one of:
+
+    - `'seconds'` will validate date or time numeric inputs as seconds since the [epoch].
+    - `'milliseconds'` will validate date or time numeric inputs as milliseconds since the [epoch].
+    - `'infer'` will infer the unit from the string numeric input on unix time as:
+
+        * seconds since the [epoch] if $-2^{10} <= v <= 2^{10}$
+        * milliseconds since the [epoch] (if $v < -2^{10}$ or $v > 2^{10}$).
+
+    Defaults to `'infer'`.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.12
+    ///
+
+    [epoch]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time
+    """
+
+    ser_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    """
+    The encoding of JSON serialized bytes. Defaults to `'utf8'`.
+    Set equal to `val_json_bytes` to get back an equal value after serialization round trip.
+
+    - `'utf8'` will serialize bytes to UTF-8 strings.
+    - `'base64'` will serialize bytes to URL safe base64 strings.
+    - `'hex'` will serialize bytes to hexadecimal strings.
+    """
+
+    val_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']
+    """
+    /// version-added | v2.9
+    ///
+
+    The encoding of JSON serialized bytes to decode. Defaults to `'utf8'`.
+    Set equal to `ser_json_bytes` to get back an equal value after serialization round trip.
+
+    - `'utf8'` will deserialize UTF-8 strings to bytes.
+    - `'base64'` will deserialize URL safe base64 strings to bytes.
+    - `'hex'` will deserialize hexadecimal strings to bytes.
+    """
+
+    ser_json_inf_nan: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings']
+    """
+    The encoding of JSON serialized infinity and NaN float values. Defaults to `'null'`.
+
+    - `'null'` will serialize infinity and NaN values as `null`.
+    - `'constants'` will serialize infinity and NaN values as `Infinity` and `NaN`.
+    - `'strings'` will serialize infinity as string `"Infinity"` and NaN as string `"NaN"`.
+    """
+
+    # whether to validate default values during validation, default False
+    validate_default: bool
+    """Whether to validate default values during validation. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    validate_return: bool
+    """Whether to validate the return value from call validators. Defaults to `False`."""
+
+    protected_namespaces: tuple[str | Pattern[str], ...]
+    """
+    A tuple of strings and/or regex patterns that prevent models from having fields with names that conflict with its existing members/methods.
+
+    Strings are matched on a prefix basis. For instance, with `'dog'`, having a field named `'dog_name'` will be disallowed.
+
+    Regex patterns are matched on the entire field name. For instance, with the pattern `'^dog$'`, having a field named `'dog'` will be disallowed,
+    but `'dog_name'` will be accepted.
+
+    Defaults to `('model_validate', 'model_dump')`. This default is used to prevent collisions with the existing (and possibly future)
+    [validation](../concepts/models.md#validating-data) and [serialization](../concepts/serialization.md#serializing-data) methods.
+
+    ```python
+    import warnings
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    warnings.filterwarnings('error')  # Raise warnings as errors
+
+    try:
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            model_dump_something: str
+
+    except UserWarning as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        Field 'model_dump_something' in 'Model' conflicts with protected namespace 'model_dump'.
+
+        You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to ('model_validate',).
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    You can customize this behavior using the `protected_namespaces` setting:
+
+    ```python {test="skip"}
+    import re
+    import warnings
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as caught_warnings:
+        warnings.simplefilter('always')  # Catch all warnings
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            safe_field: str
+            also_protect_field: str
+            protect_this: str
+
+            model_config = ConfigDict(
+                protected_namespaces=(
+                    'protect_me_',
+                    'also_protect_',
+                    re.compile('^protect_this$'),
+                )
+            )
+
+    for warning in caught_warnings:
+        print(f'{warning.message}')
+        '''
+        Field 'also_protect_field' in 'Model' conflicts with protected namespace 'also_protect_'.
+        You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to ('protect_me_', re.compile('^protect_this$'))`.
+
+        Field 'protect_this' in 'Model' conflicts with protected namespace 're.compile('^protect_this$')'.
+        You may be able to solve this by setting the 'protected_namespaces' configuration to ('protect_me_', 'also_protect_')`.
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    While Pydantic will only emit a warning when an item is in a protected namespace but does not actually have a collision,
+    an error _is_ raised if there is an actual collision with an existing attribute:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    try:
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            model_validate: str
+
+            model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=('model_',))
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        Field 'model_validate' conflicts with member <bound method BaseModel.model_validate of <class 'pydantic.main.BaseModel'>> of protected namespace 'model_'.
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.10
+    The default protected namespaces was changed from `('model_',)` to `('model_validate', 'model_dump')`, to allow
+    for fields like `model_id`, `model_name` to be used.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    hide_input_in_errors: bool
+    """
+    Whether to hide inputs when printing errors. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Pydantic shows the input value and type when it raises `ValidationError` during the validation.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+
+    try:
+        Model(a=123)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        a
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value=123, input_type=int]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    You can hide the input value and type by setting the `hide_input_in_errors` config to `True`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+        model_config = ConfigDict(hide_input_in_errors=True)
+
+    try:
+        Model(a=123)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        a
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    defer_build: bool
+    """
+    Whether to defer model validator and serializer construction until the first model validation. Defaults to False.
+
+    This can be useful to avoid the overhead of building models which are only
+    used nested within other models, or when you want to manually define type namespace via
+    [`Model.model_rebuild(_types_namespace=...)`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_rebuild].
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.10
+    The setting also applies to [Pydantic dataclasses](../concepts/dataclasses.md) and [type adapters](../concepts/type_adapter.md).
+    ///
+    """
+
+    plugin_settings: dict[str, object] | None
+    """A `dict` of settings for plugins. Defaults to `None`."""
+
+    schema_generator: type[_GenerateSchema] | None
+    """
+    The `GenerateSchema` class to use during core schema generation.
+
+    /// version-deprecated | v2.10
+    The `GenerateSchema` class is private and highly subject to change.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    json_schema_serialization_defaults_required: bool
+    """
+    Whether fields with default values should be marked as required in the serialization schema. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    This ensures that the serialization schema will reflect the fact a field with a default will always be present
+    when serializing the model, even though it is not required for validation.
+
+    However, there are scenarios where this may be undesirable — in particular, if you want to share the schema
+    between validation and serialization, and don't mind fields with defaults being marked as not required during
+    serialization. See [#7209](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/7209) for more details.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str = 'a'
+
+        model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_serialization_defaults_required=True)
+
+    print(Model.model_json_schema(mode='validation'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {'a': {'default': 'a', 'title': 'A', 'type': 'string'}},
+        'title': 'Model',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+    print(Model.model_json_schema(mode='serialization'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {'a': {'default': 'a', 'title': 'A', 'type': 'string'}},
+        'required': ['a'],
+        'title': 'Model',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.4
+    ///
+    """
+
+    json_schema_mode_override: Literal['validation', 'serialization', None]
+    """
+    If not `None`, the specified mode will be used to generate the JSON schema regardless of what `mode` was passed to
+    the function call. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    This provides a way to force the JSON schema generation to reflect a specific mode, e.g., to always use the
+    validation schema.
+
+    It can be useful when using frameworks (such as FastAPI) that may generate different schemas for validation
+    and serialization that must both be referenced from the same schema; when this happens, we automatically append
+    `-Input` to the definition reference for the validation schema and `-Output` to the definition reference for the
+    serialization schema. By specifying a `json_schema_mode_override` though, this prevents the conflict between
+    the validation and serialization schemas (since both will use the specified schema), and so prevents the suffixes
+    from being added to the definition references.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Json
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: Json[int]  # requires a string to validate, but will dump an int
+
+    print(Model.model_json_schema(mode='serialization'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {'a': {'title': 'A', 'type': 'integer'}},
+        'required': ['a'],
+        'title': 'Model',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+
+    class ForceInputModel(Model):
+        # the following ensures that even with mode='serialization', we
+        # will get the schema that would be generated for validation.
+        model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_mode_override='validation')
+
+    print(ForceInputModel.model_json_schema(mode='serialization'))
+    '''
+    {
+        'properties': {
+            'a': {
+                'contentMediaType': 'application/json',
+                'contentSchema': {'type': 'integer'},
+                'title': 'A',
+                'type': 'string',
+            }
+        },
+        'required': ['a'],
+        'title': 'ForceInputModel',
+        'type': 'object',
+    }
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.4
+    ///
+    """
+
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool
+    """
+    If `True`, enables automatic coercion of any `Number` type to `str` in "lax" (non-strict) mode. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Pydantic doesn't allow number types (`int`, `float`, `Decimal`) to be coerced as type `str` by default.
+
+    ```python
+    from decimal import Decimal
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        value: str
+
+    try:
+        print(Model(value=42))
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        value
+          Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value=42, input_type=int]
+        '''
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(coerce_numbers_to_str=True)
+
+        value: str
+
+    repr(Model(value=42).value)
+    #> "42"
+    repr(Model(value=42.13).value)
+    #> "42.13"
+    repr(Model(value=Decimal('42.13')).value)
+    #> "42.13"
+    ```
+    """
+
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']
+    """
+    The regex engine to be used for pattern validation.
+    Defaults to `'rust-regex'`.
+
+    - `'rust-regex'` uses the [`regex`](https://docs.rs/regex) Rust crate,
+      which is non-backtracking and therefore more DDoS resistant, but does not support all regex features.
+    - `'python-re'` use the [`re`][] module, which supports all regex features, but may be slower.
+
+    !!! note
+        If you use a compiled regex pattern, the `'python-re'` engine will be used regardless of this setting.
+        This is so that flags such as [`re.IGNORECASE`][] are respected.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(regex_engine='python-re')
+
+        value: str = Field(pattern=r'^abc(?=def)')
+
+    print(Model(value='abcdef').value)
+    #> abcdef
+
+    try:
+        print(Model(value='abxyzcdef'))
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        value
+          String should match pattern '^abc(?=def)' [type=string_pattern_mismatch, input_value='abxyzcdef', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.5
+    ///
+    """
+
+    validation_error_cause: bool
+    """
+    If `True`, Python exceptions that were part of a validation failure will be shown as an exception group as a cause. Can be useful for debugging. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Note:
+        Python 3.10 and older don't support exception groups natively. <=3.10, backport must be installed: `pip install exceptiongroup`.
+
+    Note:
+        The structure of validation errors are likely to change in future Pydantic versions. Pydantic offers no guarantees about their structure. Should be used for visual traceback debugging only.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.5
+    ///
+    """
+
+    use_attribute_docstrings: bool
+    '''
+    Whether docstrings of attributes (bare string literals immediately following the attribute declaration)
+    should be used for field descriptions. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(use_attribute_docstrings=True)
+
+        x: str
+        """
+        Example of an attribute docstring
+        """
+
+        y: int = Field(description="Description in Field")
+        """
+        Description in Field overrides attribute docstring
+        """
+
+
+    print(Model.model_fields["x"].description)
+    # > Example of an attribute docstring
+    print(Model.model_fields["y"].description)
+    # > Description in Field
+    ```
+    This requires the source code of the class to be available at runtime (and so won't work in the interactive interpreter shell).
+
+    !!! warning "Usage with `TypedDict` and stdlib dataclasses"
+        Due to current limitations, attribute docstrings detection may not work as expected when using
+        [`TypedDict`][typing.TypedDict] and stdlib dataclasses, in particular when:
+
+        - inheritance is being used.
+        - multiple classes have the same name in the same source file (unless Python 3.13 or greater is used).
+
+    /// version-added | v2.7
+    ///
+    '''
+
+    cache_strings: bool | Literal['all', 'keys', 'none']
+    """
+    Whether to cache strings to avoid constructing new Python objects. Defaults to True.
+
+    Enabling this setting should significantly improve validation performance while increasing memory usage slightly.
+
+    - `True` or `'all'` (the default): cache all strings
+    - `'keys'`: cache only dictionary keys
+    - `False` or `'none'`: no caching
+
+    !!! note
+        `True` or `'all'` is required to cache strings during general validation because
+        validators don't know if they're in a key or a value.
+
+    !!! tip
+        If repeated strings are rare, it's recommended to use `'keys'` or `'none'` to reduce memory usage,
+        as the performance difference is minimal if repeated strings are rare.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.7
+    ///
+    """
+
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field may be populated by its alias. Defaults to `True`.
+
+    Here's an example of disabling validation by alias:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=False)
+
+        my_field: str = Field(validation_alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+    m = Model(my_field='foo')  # (2)!
+    print(m)
+    #> my_field='foo'
+    ```
+
+    1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+    2. The model can only be populated by the attribute name `'my_field'`.
+
+    !!! warning
+        You cannot set both `validate_by_alias` and `validate_by_name` to `False`.
+        This would make it impossible to populate an attribute.
+
+        See [usage errors](../errors/usage_errors.md#validate-by-alias-and-name-false) for an example.
+
+        If you set `validate_by_alias` to `False`, under the hood, Pydantic dynamically sets
+        `validate_by_name` to `True` to ensure that validation can still occur.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.11
+    This setting was introduced in conjunction with [`validate_by_name`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_by_name]
+    to empower users with more fine grained validation control.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field may be populated by its name as given by the model
+    attribute. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(validate_by_name=True, validate_by_alias=True)
+
+        my_field: str = Field(validation_alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+    m = Model(my_alias='foo')  # (2)!
+    print(m)
+    #> my_field='foo'
+
+    m = Model(my_field='foo')  # (3)!
+    print(m)
+    #> my_field='foo'
+    ```
+
+    1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+    2. The model is populated by the alias `'my_alias'`.
+    3. The model is populated by the attribute name `'my_field'`.
+
+    !!! warning
+        You cannot set both `validate_by_alias` and `validate_by_name` to `False`.
+        This would make it impossible to populate an attribute.
+
+        See [usage errors](../errors/usage_errors.md#validate-by-alias-and-name-false) for an example.
+
+    /// version-added | v2.11
+    This setting was introduced in conjunction with [`validate_by_alias`][pydantic.ConfigDict.validate_by_alias]
+    to empower users with more fine grained validation control. It is an alternative to [`populate_by_name`][pydantic.ConfigDict.populate_by_name],
+    that enables validation by name **and** by alias.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    serialize_by_alias: bool
+    """
+    Whether an aliased field should be serialized by its alias. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    Note: In v2.11, `serialize_by_alias` was introduced to address the
+    [popular request](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8379)
+    for consistency with alias behavior for validation and serialization settings.
+    In v3, the default value is expected to change to `True` for consistency with the validation default.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(serialize_by_alias=True)
+
+        my_field: str = Field(serialization_alias='my_alias')  # (1)!
+
+    m = Model(my_field='foo')
+    print(m.model_dump())  # (2)!
+    #> {'my_alias': 'foo'}
+    ```
+
+    1. The field `'my_field'` has an alias `'my_alias'`.
+    2. The model is serialized using the alias `'my_alias'` for the `'my_field'` attribute.
+
+
+    /// version-added | v2.11
+    This setting was introduced to address the [popular request](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8379)
+    for consistency with alias behavior for validation and serialization.
+
+    In v3, the default value is expected to change to `True` for consistency with the validation default.
+    ///
+    """
+
+    url_preserve_empty_path: bool
+    """
+    Whether to preserve empty URL paths when validating values for a URL type. Defaults to `False`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, ConfigDict
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        model_config = ConfigDict(url_preserve_empty_path=True)
+
+        url: AnyUrl
+
+    m = Model(url='http://example.com')
+    print(m.url)
+    #> http://example.com
+    ```
+
+    /// version-added | v2.12
+    ///
+    """
+
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool
+    """
+    Whether to use polymorphic serialization for subclasses of the model or Pydantic dataclass. Defaults to `False`.
+    """
+
+
+_TypeT = TypeVar('_TypeT', bound=type)
+
+
+@overload
+@deprecated('Passing `config` as a keyword argument is deprecated. Pass `config` as a positional argument instead.')
+def with_config(*, config: ConfigDict) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def with_config(config: ConfigDict, /) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def with_config(**config: Unpack[ConfigDict]) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]: ...
+
+
+def with_config(config: ConfigDict | None = None, /, **kwargs: Any) -> Callable[[_TypeT], _TypeT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Configuration with other types](../concepts/config.md#configuration-on-other-supported-types)
+
+    A convenience decorator to set a [Pydantic configuration](config.md) on a `TypedDict` or a `dataclass` from the standard library.
+
+    Although the configuration can be set using the `__pydantic_config__` attribute, it does not play well with type checkers,
+    especially with `TypedDict`.
+
+    !!! example "Usage"
+
+        ```python
+        from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+        from pydantic import ConfigDict, TypeAdapter, with_config
+
+        @with_config(ConfigDict(str_to_lower=True))
+        class TD(TypedDict):
+            x: str
+
+        ta = TypeAdapter(TD)
+
+        print(ta.validate_python({'x': 'ABC'}))
+        #> {'x': 'abc'}
+        ```
+
+    /// deprecated-removed | v2.11 v3
+    Passing `config` as a keyword argument.
+    ///
+
+    /// version-changed | v2.11
+    Keyword arguments can be provided directly instead of a config dictionary.
+    ///
+    """
+    if config is not None and kwargs:
+        raise ValueError('Cannot specify both `config` and keyword arguments')
+
+    if len(kwargs) == 1 and (kwargs_conf := kwargs.get('config')) is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'Passing `config` as a keyword argument is deprecated. Pass `config` as a positional argument instead',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        final_config = cast(ConfigDict, kwargs_conf)
+    else:
+        final_config = config if config is not None else cast(ConfigDict, kwargs)
+
+    def inner(class_: _TypeT, /) -> _TypeT:
+        # Ideally, we would check for `class_` to either be a `TypedDict` or a stdlib dataclass.
+        # However, the `@with_config` decorator can be applied *after* `@dataclass`. To avoid
+        # common mistakes, we at least check for `class_` to not be a Pydantic model.
+        from ._internal._utils import is_model_class
+
+        if is_model_class(class_):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Cannot use `with_config` on {class_.__name__} as it is a Pydantic model',
+                code='with-config-on-model',
+            )
+        class_.__pydantic_config__ = final_config
+        return class_
+
+    return inner
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/dataclasses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/dataclasses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46401c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/dataclasses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+"""Provide an enhanced dataclass that performs validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import functools
+import sys
+import types
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, NoReturn, TypeVar, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeGuard, dataclass_transform
+
+from ._internal import _config, _decorators, _mock_val_ser, _namespace_utils, _typing_extra
+from ._internal import _dataclasses as _pydantic_dataclasses
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .config import ConfigDict
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .fields import Field, FieldInfo, PrivateAttr
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from ._internal._namespace_utils import MappingNamespace
+
+__all__ = 'dataclass', 'rebuild_dataclass'
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+        slots: bool = ...,
+    ) -> Callable[[type[_T]], type[PydanticDataclass]]:  # type: ignore
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: type[_T],  # type: ignore
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+        slots: bool = ...,
+    ) -> type[PydanticDataclass]: ...
+
+else:
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[type[_T]], type[PydanticDataclass]]:  # type: ignore
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: type[_T],  # type: ignore
+        *,
+        init: Literal[False] = False,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+        validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> type[PydanticDataclass]: ...
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field, PrivateAttr))
+def dataclass(
+    _cls: type[_T] | None = None,
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    eq: bool = True,
+    order: bool = False,
+    unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    config: ConfigDict | type[object] | None = None,
+    validate_on_init: bool | None = None,
+    kw_only: bool = False,
+    slots: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[type[_T]], type[PydanticDataclass]] | type[PydanticDataclass]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`dataclasses`](../concepts/dataclasses.md)
+
+    A decorator used to create a Pydantic-enhanced dataclass, similar to the standard Python `dataclass`,
+    but with added validation.
+
+    This function should be used similarly to `dataclasses.dataclass`.
+
+    Args:
+        _cls: The target `dataclass`.
+        init: Included for signature compatibility with `dataclasses.dataclass`, and is passed through to
+            `dataclasses.dataclass` when appropriate. If specified, must be set to `False`, as pydantic inserts its
+            own  `__init__` function.
+        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the `__repr__` output.
+        eq: Determines if a `__eq__` method should be generated for the class.
+        order: Determines if comparison magic methods should be generated, such as `__lt__`, but not `__eq__`.
+        unsafe_hash: Determines if a `__hash__` method should be included in the class, as in `dataclasses.dataclass`.
+        frozen: Determines if the generated class should be a 'frozen' `dataclass`, which does not allow its
+            attributes to be modified after it has been initialized. If not set, the value from the provided `config` argument will be used (and will default to `False` otherwise).
+        config: The Pydantic config to use for the `dataclass`.
+        validate_on_init: A deprecated parameter included for backwards compatibility; in V2, all Pydantic dataclasses
+            are validated on init.
+        kw_only: Determines if `__init__` method parameters must be specified by keyword only. Defaults to `False`.
+        slots: Determines if the generated class should be a 'slots' `dataclass`, which does not allow the addition of
+            new attributes after instantiation.
+
+    Returns:
+        A decorator that accepts a class as its argument and returns a Pydantic `dataclass`.
+
+    Raises:
+        AssertionError: Raised if `init` is not `False` or `validate_on_init` is `False`.
+    """
+    assert init is False, 'pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass only supports init=False'
+    assert validate_on_init is not False, 'validate_on_init=False is no longer supported'
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        kwargs = {'kw_only': kw_only, 'slots': slots}
+    else:
+        kwargs = {}
+
+    def create_dataclass(cls: type[Any]) -> type[PydanticDataclass]:
+        """Create a Pydantic dataclass from a regular dataclass.
+
+        Args:
+            cls: The class to create the Pydantic dataclass from.
+
+        Returns:
+            A Pydantic dataclass.
+        """
+        from ._internal._utils import is_model_class
+
+        if is_model_class(cls):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'Cannot create a Pydantic dataclass from {cls.__name__} as it is already a Pydantic model',
+                code='dataclass-on-model',
+            )
+
+        original_cls = cls
+
+        # we warn on conflicting config specifications, but only if the class doesn't have a dataclass base
+        # because a dataclass base might provide a __pydantic_config__ attribute that we don't want to warn about
+        has_dataclass_base = any(dataclasses.is_dataclass(base) for base in cls.__bases__)
+        if not has_dataclass_base and config is not None and hasattr(cls, '__pydantic_config__'):
+            warn(
+                f'`config` is set via both the `dataclass` decorator and `__pydantic_config__` for dataclass {cls.__name__}. '
+                f'The `config` specification from `dataclass` decorator will take priority.',
+                category=UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        # if config is not explicitly provided, try to read it from the type
+        config_dict = config if config is not None else getattr(cls, '__pydantic_config__', None)
+        config_wrapper = _config.ConfigWrapper(config_dict)
+        decorators = _decorators.DecoratorInfos.build(cls, replace_wrapped_methods=True)
+        decorators.update_from_config(config_wrapper)
+
+        # Keep track of the original __doc__ so that we can restore it after applying the dataclasses decorator
+        # Otherwise, classes with no __doc__ will have their signature added into the JSON schema description,
+        # since dataclasses.dataclass will set this as the __doc__
+        original_doc = cls.__doc__
+
+        if _pydantic_dataclasses.is_stdlib_dataclass(cls):
+            # Vanilla dataclasses include a default docstring (representing the class signature),
+            # which we don't want to preserve.
+            original_doc = None
+
+            # We don't want to add validation to the existing std lib dataclass, so we will subclass it
+            #   If the class is generic, we need to make sure the subclass also inherits from Generic
+            #   with all the same parameters.
+            bases = (cls,)
+            if issubclass(cls, Generic):
+                generic_base = Generic[cls.__parameters__]  # type: ignore
+                bases = bases + (generic_base,)
+            cls = types.new_class(cls.__name__, bases)
+
+        # Respect frozen setting from dataclass constructor and fallback to config setting if not provided
+        if frozen is not None:
+            frozen_ = frozen
+            if config_wrapper.frozen:
+                # It's not recommended to define both, as the setting from the dataclass decorator will take priority.
+                warn(
+                    f'`frozen` is set via both the `dataclass` decorator and `config` for dataclass {cls.__name__!r}.'
+                    'This is not recommended. The `frozen` specification on `dataclass` will take priority.',
+                    category=UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+        else:
+            frozen_ = config_wrapper.frozen or False
+
+        # Make Pydantic's `Field()` function compatible with stdlib dataclasses. As we'll decorate
+        # `cls` with the stdlib `@dataclass` decorator first, there are two attributes, `kw_only` and
+        # `repr` that need to be understood *during* the stdlib creation. We do so in two steps:
+
+        # 1. On the decorated class, wrap `Field()` assignment with `dataclass.field()`, with the
+        # two attributes set (done in `as_dataclass_field()`)
+        cls_anns = _typing_extra.safe_get_annotations(cls)
+        for field_name in cls_anns:
+            # We should look for assignments in `__dict__` instead, but for now we follow
+            # the same behavior as stdlib dataclasses (see https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/88609)
+            field_value = getattr(cls, field_name, None)
+            if isinstance(field_value, FieldInfo):
+                setattr(cls, field_name, _pydantic_dataclasses.as_dataclass_field(field_value))
+
+        # 2. For bases of `cls` that are stdlib dataclasses, we temporarily patch their fields
+        # (see the docstring of the context manager):
+        with _pydantic_dataclasses.patch_base_fields(cls):
+            cls = dataclasses.dataclass(  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+                cls,
+                # the value of init here doesn't affect anything except that it makes it easier to generate a signature
+                init=True,
+                repr=repr,
+                eq=eq,
+                order=order,
+                unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash,
+                frozen=frozen_,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        if config_wrapper.validate_assignment:
+            original_setattr = cls.__setattr__
+
+            @functools.wraps(cls.__setattr__)
+            def validated_setattr(instance: PydanticDataclass, name: str, value: Any, /) -> None:
+                if frozen_:
+                    return original_setattr(instance, name, value)  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+                inst_cls = type(instance)
+                attr = getattr(inst_cls, name, None)
+
+                if isinstance(attr, property):
+                    attr.__set__(instance, value)
+                elif isinstance(attr, functools.cached_property):
+                    instance.__dict__.__setitem__(name, value)
+                else:
+                    inst_cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_assignment(instance, name, value)
+
+            cls.__setattr__ = validated_setattr.__get__(None, cls)  # type: ignore
+
+            if slots and not hasattr(cls, '__setstate__'):
+                # If slots is set, `pickle` (relied on by `copy.copy()`) will use
+                # `__setattr__()` to reconstruct the dataclass. However, the custom
+                # `__setattr__()` set above relies on `validate_assignment()`, which
+                # in turn expects all the field values to be already present on the
+                # instance, resulting in attribute errors.
+                # As such, we make use of `object.__setattr__()` instead.
+                # Note that we do so only if `__setstate__()` isn't already set (this is the
+                # case if on top of `slots`, `frozen` is used).
+
+                # Taken from `dataclasses._dataclass_get/setstate()`:
+                def _dataclass_getstate(self: Any) -> list[Any]:
+                    return [getattr(self, f.name) for f in dataclasses.fields(self)]
+
+                def _dataclass_setstate(self: Any, state: list[Any]) -> None:
+                    for field, value in zip(dataclasses.fields(self), state):
+                        object.__setattr__(self, field.name, value)
+
+                cls.__getstate__ = _dataclass_getstate  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+                cls.__setstate__ = _dataclass_setstate  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+        # This is an undocumented attribute to distinguish stdlib/Pydantic dataclasses.
+        # It should be set as early as possible:
+        cls.__is_pydantic_dataclass__ = True
+        cls.__pydantic_decorators__ = decorators  # type: ignore
+        cls.__doc__ = original_doc
+        # Can be non-existent for dynamically created classes:
+        firstlineno = getattr(original_cls, '__firstlineno__', None)
+        cls.__module__ = original_cls.__module__
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 13) and firstlineno is not None:
+            # As per https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#type.__firstlineno__:
+            # Setting the `__module__` attribute removes the `__firstlineno__` item from the type’s dictionary.
+            original_cls.__firstlineno__ = firstlineno
+            cls.__firstlineno__ = firstlineno
+        cls.__qualname__ = original_cls.__qualname__
+        cls.__pydantic_fields_complete__ = classmethod(_pydantic_fields_complete)
+        cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False  # `complete_dataclass` will set it to `True` if successful.
+        # TODO `parent_namespace` is currently None, but we could do the same thing as Pydantic models:
+        # fetch the parent ns using `parent_frame_namespace` (if the dataclass was defined in a function),
+        # and possibly cache it (see the `__pydantic_parent_namespace__` logic for models).
+        _pydantic_dataclasses.complete_dataclass(cls, config_wrapper, raise_errors=False)
+        return cls
+
+    return create_dataclass if _cls is None else create_dataclass(_cls)
+
+
+def _pydantic_fields_complete(cls: type[PydanticDataclass]) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the fields were successfully collected (i.e. type hints were successfully resolved).
+
+    This is a private helper, not meant to be used outside Pydantic.
+    """
+    return all(field_info._complete for field_info in cls.__pydantic_fields__.values())
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    # Monkeypatch dataclasses.InitVar so that typing doesn't error if it occurs as a type when evaluating type hints
+    # Starting in 3.11, typing.get_type_hints will not raise an error if the retrieved type hints are not callable.
+
+    def _call_initvar(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> NoReturn:
+        """This function does nothing but raise an error that is as similar as possible to what you'd get
+        if you were to try calling `InitVar[int]()` without this monkeypatch. The whole purpose is just
+        to ensure typing._type_check does not error if the type hint evaluates to `InitVar[<parameter>]`.
+        """
+        raise TypeError("'InitVar' object is not callable")
+
+    dataclasses.InitVar.__call__ = _call_initvar
+
+
+def rebuild_dataclass(
+    cls: type[PydanticDataclass],
+    *,
+    force: bool = False,
+    raise_errors: bool = True,
+    _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
+    _types_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+) -> bool | None:
+    """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the dataclass.
+
+    This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
+    the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.
+
+    This is analogous to `BaseModel.model_rebuild`.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for.
+        force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the schema, defaults to `False`.
+        raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+        _parent_namespace_depth: The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.
+        _types_namespace: The types namespace, defaults to `None`.
+
+    Returns:
+        Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
+        If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
+    """
+    if not force and cls.__pydantic_complete__:
+        return None
+
+    for attr in ('__pydantic_core_schema__', '__pydantic_validator__', '__pydantic_serializer__'):
+        if attr in cls.__dict__ and not isinstance(getattr(cls, attr), _mock_val_ser.MockValSer):
+            # Deleting the validator/serializer is necessary as otherwise they can get reused in
+            # pydantic-core. Same applies for the core schema that can be reused in schema generation.
+            delattr(cls, attr)
+
+    cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False
+
+    if _types_namespace is not None:
+        rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
+    elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
+        rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
+    else:
+        rebuild_ns = {}
+
+    ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+        parent_namespace=rebuild_ns,
+    )
+
+    return _pydantic_dataclasses.complete_dataclass(
+        cls,
+        _config.ConfigWrapper(cls.__pydantic_config__, check=False),
+        raise_errors=raise_errors,
+        ns_resolver=ns_resolver,
+        # We could provide a different config instead (with `'defer_build'` set to `True`)
+        # of this explicit `_force_build` argument, but because config can come from the
+        # decorator parameter or the `__pydantic_config__` attribute, `complete_dataclass`
+        # will overwrite `__pydantic_config__` with the provided config above:
+        _force_build=True,
+    )
+
+
+def is_pydantic_dataclass(class_: type[Any], /) -> TypeGuard[type[PydanticDataclass]]:
+    """Whether a class is a pydantic dataclass.
+
+    Args:
+        class_: The class.
+
+    Returns:
+        `True` if the class is a pydantic dataclass, `False` otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        return '__is_pydantic_dataclass__' in class_.__dict__ and dataclasses.is_dataclass(class_)
+    except AttributeError:
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/datetime_parse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/datetime_parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53d5264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/datetime_parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `datetime_parse` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/decorator.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d97560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `decorator` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/class_validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/class_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6ba195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/class_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+"""Old `@validator` and `@root_validator` function validators from V1."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from functools import partial, partialmethod
+from types import FunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAlias, deprecated
+
+from .._internal import _decorators, _decorators_v1
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+_ALLOW_REUSE_WARNING_MESSAGE = '`allow_reuse` is deprecated and will be ignored; it should no longer be necessary'
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, __value: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithValuesClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, __value: Any, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnlyClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, __value: Any, *, values: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithKwargsClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargsClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, __cls: Any, values: dict[str, Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V1RootValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(
+            self, __cls: Any, __values: _decorators_v1.RootValidatorValues
+        ) -> _decorators_v1.RootValidatorValues: ...
+
+    V1Validator = Union[
+        _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithValuesClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnlyClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithKwargsClsMethod,
+        _V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargsClsMethod,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithValues,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithValuesKwOnly,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithKwargs,
+        _decorators_v1.V1ValidatorWithValuesAndKwargs,
+    ]
+
+    V1RootValidator = Union[
+        _V1RootValidatorClsMethod,
+        _decorators_v1.V1RootValidatorFunction,
+    ]
+
+    _PartialClsOrStaticMethod: TypeAlias = Union[classmethod[Any, Any, Any], staticmethod[Any, Any], partialmethod[Any]]
+
+    # Allow both a V1 (assumed pre=False) or V2 (assumed mode='after') validator
+    # We lie to type checkers and say we return the same thing we get
+    # but in reality we return a proxy object that _mostly_ behaves like the wrapped thing
+    _V1ValidatorType = TypeVar('_V1ValidatorType', V1Validator, _PartialClsOrStaticMethod)
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType = TypeVar(
+        '_V1RootValidatorFunctionType',
+        _decorators_v1.V1RootValidatorFunction,
+        _V1RootValidatorClsMethod,
+        _PartialClsOrStaticMethod,
+    )
+else:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'Pydantic V1 style `@validator` validators are deprecated.'
+    ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@field_validator` validators,'
+    ' see the migration guide for more details',
+    category=None,
+)
+def validator(
+    __field: str,
+    *fields: str,
+    pre: bool = False,
+    each_item: bool = False,
+    always: bool = False,
+    check_fields: bool | None = None,
+    allow_reuse: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[_V1ValidatorType], _V1ValidatorType]:
+    """Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields.
+
+    Args:
+        __field (str): The first field the validator should be called on; this is separate
+            from `fields` to ensure an error is raised if you don't pass at least one.
+        *fields (str): Additional field(s) the validator should be called on.
+        pre (bool, optional): Whether this validator should be called before the standard
+            validators (else after). Defaults to False.
+        each_item (bool, optional): For complex objects (sets, lists etc.) whether to validate
+            individual elements rather than the whole object. Defaults to False.
+        always (bool, optional): Whether this method and other validators should be called even if
+            the value is missing. Defaults to False.
+        check_fields (bool | None, optional): Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+            Defaults to None.
+        allow_reuse (bool, optional): Whether to track and raise an error if another validator refers to
+            the decorated function. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        Callable: A decorator that can be used to decorate a
+            function to be used as a validator.
+    """
+    warn(
+        'Pydantic V1 style `@validator` validators are deprecated.'
+        ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@field_validator` validators,'
+        ' see the migration guide for more details',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+    if allow_reuse is True:  # pragma: no cover
+        warn(_ALLOW_REUSE_WARNING_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    fields = __field, *fields
+    if isinstance(fields[0], FunctionType):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            '`@validator` should be used with fields and keyword arguments, not bare. '
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name>', ...)`",
+            code='decorator-missing-arguments',
+        )
+    elif not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            '`@validator` fields should be passed as separate string args. '
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...)`",
+            code='decorator-invalid-fields',
+        )
+
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after'] = 'before' if pre is True else 'after'
+
+    def dec(f: Any) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                '`@validator` cannot be applied to instance methods', code='validator-instance-method'
+            )
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
+        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+        wrap = _decorators_v1.make_generic_v1_field_validator
+        validator_wrapper_info = _decorators.ValidatorDecoratorInfo(
+            fields=fields,
+            mode=mode,
+            each_item=each_item,
+            always=always,
+            check_fields=check_fields,
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, validator_wrapper_info, shim=wrap)
+
+    return dec  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *,
+    # if you don't specify `pre` the default is `pre=False`
+    # which means you need to specify `skip_on_failure=True`
+    skip_on_failure: Literal[True],
+    allow_reuse: bool = ...,
+) -> Callable[
+    [_V1RootValidatorFunctionType],
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType,
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *,
+    # if you specify `pre=True` then you don't need to specify
+    # `skip_on_failure`, in fact it is not allowed as an argument!
+    pre: Literal[True],
+    allow_reuse: bool = ...,
+) -> Callable[
+    [_V1RootValidatorFunctionType],
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType,
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *,
+    # if you explicitly specify `pre=False` then you
+    # MUST specify `skip_on_failure=True`
+    pre: Literal[False],
+    skip_on_failure: Literal[True],
+    allow_reuse: bool = ...,
+) -> Callable[
+    [_V1RootValidatorFunctionType],
+    _V1RootValidatorFunctionType,
+]: ...
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'Pydantic V1 style `@root_validator` validators are deprecated.'
+    ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@model_validator` validators,'
+    ' see the migration guide for more details',
+    category=None,
+)
+def root_validator(
+    *__args,
+    pre: bool = False,
+    skip_on_failure: bool = False,
+    allow_reuse: bool = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """Decorate methods on a model indicating that they should be used to validate (and perhaps
+    modify) data either before or after standard model parsing/validation is performed.
+
+    Args:
+        pre (bool, optional): Whether this validator should be called before the standard
+            validators (else after). Defaults to False.
+        skip_on_failure (bool, optional): Whether to stop validation and return as soon as a
+            failure is encountered. Defaults to False.
+        allow_reuse (bool, optional): Whether to track and raise an error if another validator
+            refers to the decorated function. Defaults to False.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a root_validator.
+    """
+    warn(
+        'Pydantic V1 style `@root_validator` validators are deprecated.'
+        ' You should migrate to Pydantic V2 style `@model_validator` validators,'
+        ' see the migration guide for more details',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+    if __args:
+        # Ensure a nice error is raised if someone attempts to use the bare decorator
+        return root_validator()(*__args)  # type: ignore
+
+    if allow_reuse is True:  # pragma: no cover
+        warn(_ALLOW_REUSE_WARNING_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+    mode: Literal['before', 'after'] = 'before' if pre is True else 'after'
+    if pre is False and skip_on_failure is not True:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'If you use `@root_validator` with pre=False (the default) you MUST specify `skip_on_failure=True`.'
+            ' Note that `@root_validator` is deprecated and should be replaced with `@model_validator`.',
+            code='root-validator-pre-skip',
+        )
+
+    wrap = partial(_decorators_v1.make_v1_generic_root_validator, pre=pre)
+
+    def dec(f: Callable[..., Any] | classmethod[Any, Any, Any] | staticmethod[Any, Any]) -> Any:
+        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
+            raise TypeError('`@root_validator` cannot be applied to instance methods')
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
+        res = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+        dec_info = _decorators.RootValidatorDecoratorInfo(mode=mode)
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(res, dec_info, shim=wrap)
+
+    return dec
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd4692a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import warnings
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from .._internal import _config
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = 'BaseConfig', 'Extra'
+
+
+class _ConfigMetaclass(type):
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            obj = _config.config_defaults[item]
+            warnings.warn(_config.DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning)
+            return obj
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise AttributeError(f"type object '{self.__name__}' has no attribute {exc}") from exc
+
+
+@deprecated('BaseConfig is deprecated. Use the `pydantic.ConfigDict` instead.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20)
+class BaseConfig(metaclass=_ConfigMetaclass):
+    """This class is only retained for backwards compatibility.
+
+    !!! Warning "Deprecated"
+        BaseConfig is deprecated. Use the [`pydantic.ConfigDict`][pydantic.ConfigDict] instead.
+    """
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            obj = super().__getattribute__(item)
+            warnings.warn(_config.DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning)
+            return obj
+        except AttributeError as exc:
+            try:
+                return getattr(type(self), item)
+            except AttributeError:
+                # re-raising changes the displayed text to reflect that `self` is not a type
+                raise AttributeError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(_config.DEPRECATION_MESSAGE, DeprecationWarning)
+        return super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+
+
+class _ExtraMeta(type):
+    def __getattribute__(self, __name: str) -> Any:
+        # The @deprecated decorator accesses other attributes, so we only emit a warning for the expected ones
+        if __name in {'allow', 'ignore', 'forbid'}:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "`pydantic.config.Extra` is deprecated, use literal values instead (e.g. `extra='allow'`)",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        return super().__getattribute__(__name)
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    "Extra is deprecated. Use literal values instead (e.g. `extra='allow'`)", category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+)
+class Extra(metaclass=_ExtraMeta):
+    allow: Literal['allow'] = 'allow'
+    ignore: Literal['ignore'] = 'ignore'
+    forbid: Literal['forbid'] = 'forbid'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/copy_internals.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/copy_internals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0170dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/copy_internals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import typing
+from copy import deepcopy
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any
+
+import typing_extensions
+
+from .._internal import (
+    _model_construction,
+    _typing_extra,
+    _utils,
+)
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .. import BaseModel
+    from .._internal._utils import AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny
+
+    AnyClassMethod = classmethod[Any, Any, Any]
+    TupleGenerator = typing.Generator[tuple[str, Any], None, None]
+    Model = typing.TypeVar('Model', bound='BaseModel')
+    # should be `set[int] | set[str] | dict[int, IncEx] | dict[str, IncEx] | None`, but mypy can't cope
+    IncEx: typing_extensions.TypeAlias = 'set[int] | set[str] | dict[int, Any] | dict[str, Any] | None'
+
+_object_setattr = _model_construction.object_setattr
+
+
+def _iter(
+    self: BaseModel,
+    to_dict: bool = False,
+    by_alias: bool = False,
+    include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+    exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+    exclude_unset: bool = False,
+    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+) -> TupleGenerator:
+    # Merge field set excludes with explicit exclude parameter with explicit overriding field set options.
+    # The extra "is not None" guards are not logically necessary but optimizes performance for the simple case.
+    if exclude is not None:
+        exclude = _utils.ValueItems.merge(
+            {k: v.exclude for k, v in self.__pydantic_fields__.items() if v.exclude is not None}, exclude
+        )
+
+    if include is not None:
+        include = _utils.ValueItems.merge(dict.fromkeys(self.__pydantic_fields__, True), include, intersect=True)
+
+    allowed_keys = _calculate_keys(self, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=exclude_unset)  # type: ignore
+    if allowed_keys is None and not (to_dict or by_alias or exclude_unset or exclude_defaults or exclude_none):
+        # huge boost for plain _iter()
+        yield from self.__dict__.items()
+        if self.__pydantic_extra__:
+            yield from self.__pydantic_extra__.items()
+        return
+
+    value_exclude = _utils.ValueItems(self, exclude) if exclude is not None else None
+    value_include = _utils.ValueItems(self, include) if include is not None else None
+
+    if self.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
+        items = self.__dict__.items()
+    else:
+        items = list(self.__dict__.items()) + list(self.__pydantic_extra__.items())
+
+    for field_key, v in items:
+        if (allowed_keys is not None and field_key not in allowed_keys) or (exclude_none and v is None):
+            continue
+
+        if exclude_defaults:
+            try:
+                field = self.__pydantic_fields__[field_key]
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if not field.is_required() and field.default == v:
+                    continue
+
+        if by_alias and field_key in self.__pydantic_fields__:
+            dict_key = self.__pydantic_fields__[field_key].alias or field_key
+        else:
+            dict_key = field_key
+
+        if to_dict or value_include or value_exclude:
+            v = _get_value(
+                type(self),
+                v,
+                to_dict=to_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                include=value_include and value_include.for_element(field_key),
+                exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(field_key),
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        yield dict_key, v
+
+
+def _copy_and_set_values(
+    self: Model,
+    values: dict[str, Any],
+    fields_set: set[str],
+    extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    private: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    *,
+    deep: bool,  # UP006
+) -> Model:
+    if deep:
+        # chances of having empty dict here are quite low for using smart_deepcopy
+        values = deepcopy(values)
+        extra = deepcopy(extra)
+        private = deepcopy(private)
+
+    cls = self.__class__
+    m = cls.__new__(cls)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', values)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', extra)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', fields_set)
+    _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', private)
+
+    return m
+
+
+@typing.no_type_check
+def _get_value(
+    cls: type[BaseModel],
+    v: Any,
+    to_dict: bool,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude_unset: bool,
+    exclude_defaults: bool,
+    exclude_none: bool,
+) -> Any:
+    from .. import BaseModel
+
+    if isinstance(v, BaseModel):
+        if to_dict:
+            return v.model_dump(
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                include=include,  # type: ignore
+                exclude=exclude,  # type: ignore
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        else:
+            return v.copy(include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+    value_exclude = _utils.ValueItems(v, exclude) if exclude else None
+    value_include = _utils.ValueItems(v, include) if include else None
+
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        return {
+            k_: _get_value(
+                cls,
+                v_,
+                to_dict=to_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                include=value_include and value_include.for_element(k_),
+                exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(k_),
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+            for k_, v_ in v.items()
+            if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(k_))
+            and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(k_))
+        }
+
+    elif _utils.sequence_like(v):
+        seq_args = (
+            _get_value(
+                cls,
+                v_,
+                to_dict=to_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                include=value_include and value_include.for_element(i),
+                exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(i),
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+            for i, v_ in enumerate(v)
+            if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(i))
+            and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(i))
+        )
+
+        return v.__class__(*seq_args) if _typing_extra.is_namedtuple(v.__class__) else v.__class__(seq_args)
+
+    elif isinstance(v, Enum) and getattr(cls.model_config, 'use_enum_values', False):
+        return v.value
+
+    else:
+        return v
+
+
+def _calculate_keys(
+    self: BaseModel,
+    include: MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude: MappingIntStrAny | None,
+    exclude_unset: bool,
+    update: dict[str, Any] | None = None,  # noqa UP006
+) -> typing.AbstractSet[str] | None:
+    if include is None and exclude is None and exclude_unset is False:
+        return None
+
+    keys: typing.AbstractSet[str]
+    if exclude_unset:
+        keys = self.__pydantic_fields_set__.copy()
+    else:
+        keys = set(self.__dict__.keys())
+        keys = keys | (self.__pydantic_extra__ or {}).keys()
+
+    if include is not None:
+        keys &= include.keys()
+
+    if update:
+        keys -= update.keys()
+
+    if exclude:
+        keys -= {k for k, v in exclude.items() if _utils.ValueItems.is_true(v)}
+
+    return keys
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/decorator.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e73ad20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from .._internal import _config, _typing_extra
+from ..alias_generators import to_pascal
+from ..errors import PydanticUserError
+from ..functional_validators import field_validator
+from ..main import BaseModel, create_model
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = ('validate_arguments',)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    AnyCallable = Callable[..., Any]
+
+    AnyCallableT = TypeVar('AnyCallableT', bound=AnyCallable)
+    ConfigType = Union[None, type[Any], dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(
+    func: None = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None
+) -> Callable[['AnyCallableT'], 'AnyCallableT']: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(func: 'AnyCallableT') -> 'AnyCallableT': ...
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'The `validate_arguments` method is deprecated; use `validate_call` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def validate_arguments(func: Optional['AnyCallableT'] = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None) -> Any:
+    """Decorator to validate the arguments passed to a function."""
+    warnings.warn(
+        'The `validate_arguments` method is deprecated; use `validate_call` instead.',
+        PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+
+    def validate(_func: 'AnyCallable') -> 'AnyCallable':
+        vd = ValidatedFunction(_func, config)
+
+        @wraps(_func)
+        def wrapper_function(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            return vd.call(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        wrapper_function.vd = vd  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.validate = vd.init_model_instance  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.raw_function = vd.raw_function  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.model = vd.model  # type: ignore
+        return wrapper_function
+
+    if func:
+        return validate(func)
+    else:
+        return validate
+
+
+ALT_V_ARGS = 'v__args'
+ALT_V_KWARGS = 'v__kwargs'
+V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME = 'v__positional_only'
+V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS = 'v__duplicate_kwargs'
+
+
+class ValidatedFunction:
+    def __init__(self, function: 'AnyCallable', config: 'ConfigType'):
+        from inspect import Parameter, signature
+
+        parameters: Mapping[str, Parameter] = signature(function).parameters
+
+        if parameters.keys() & {ALT_V_ARGS, ALT_V_KWARGS, V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f'"{ALT_V_ARGS}", "{ALT_V_KWARGS}", "{V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME}" and "{V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}" '
+                f'are not permitted as argument names when using the "{validate_arguments.__name__}" decorator',
+                code=None,
+            )
+
+        self.raw_function = function
+        self.arg_mapping: dict[int, str] = {}
+        self.positional_only_args: set[str] = set()
+        self.v_args_name = 'args'
+        self.v_kwargs_name = 'kwargs'
+
+        type_hints = _typing_extra.get_type_hints(function, include_extras=True)
+        takes_args = False
+        takes_kwargs = False
+        fields: dict[str, tuple[Any, Any]] = {}
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(parameters.items()):
+            if p.annotation is p.empty:
+                annotation = Any
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            default = ... if p.default is p.empty else p.default
+            if p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = list[str], None
+                self.positional_only_args.add(name)
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = list[str], None
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                self.v_args_name = name
+                fields[name] = tuple[annotation, ...], None
+                takes_args = True
+            else:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+                self.v_kwargs_name = name
+                fields[name] = dict[str, annotation], None
+                takes_kwargs = True
+
+        # these checks avoid a clash between "args" and a field with that name
+        if not takes_args and self.v_args_name in fields:
+            self.v_args_name = ALT_V_ARGS
+
+        # same with "kwargs"
+        if not takes_kwargs and self.v_kwargs_name in fields:
+            self.v_kwargs_name = ALT_V_KWARGS
+
+        if not takes_args:
+            # we add the field so validation below can raise the correct exception
+            fields[self.v_args_name] = list[Any], None
+
+        if not takes_kwargs:
+            # same with kwargs
+            fields[self.v_kwargs_name] = dict[Any, Any], None
+
+        self.create_model(fields, takes_args, takes_kwargs, config)
+
+    def init_model_instance(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> BaseModel:
+        values = self.build_values(args, kwargs)
+        return self.model(**values)
+
+    def call(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        m = self.init_model_instance(*args, **kwargs)
+        return self.execute(m)
+
+    def build_values(self, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if args:
+            arg_iter = enumerate(args)
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    i, a = next(arg_iter)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    break
+                arg_name = self.arg_mapping.get(i)
+                if arg_name is not None:
+                    values[arg_name] = a
+                else:
+                    values[self.v_args_name] = [a] + [a for _, a in arg_iter]
+                    break
+
+        var_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        wrong_positional_args = []
+        duplicate_kwargs = []
+        fields_alias = [
+            field.alias
+            for name, field in self.model.__pydantic_fields__.items()
+            if name not in (self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name)
+        ]
+        non_var_fields = set(self.model.__pydantic_fields__) - {self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name}
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            if k in non_var_fields or k in fields_alias:
+                if k in self.positional_only_args:
+                    wrong_positional_args.append(k)
+                if k in values:
+                    duplicate_kwargs.append(k)
+                values[k] = v
+            else:
+                var_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        if var_kwargs:
+            values[self.v_kwargs_name] = var_kwargs
+        if wrong_positional_args:
+            values[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = wrong_positional_args
+        if duplicate_kwargs:
+            values[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = duplicate_kwargs
+        return values
+
+    def execute(self, m: BaseModel) -> Any:
+        d = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in m.__dict__.items()
+            if k in m.__pydantic_fields_set__ or m.__pydantic_fields__[k].default_factory
+        }
+        var_kwargs = d.pop(self.v_kwargs_name, {})
+
+        if self.v_args_name in d:
+            args_: list[Any] = []
+            in_kwargs = False
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if in_kwargs:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+                elif name == self.v_args_name:
+                    args_ += value
+                    in_kwargs = True
+                else:
+                    args_.append(value)
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        elif self.positional_only_args:
+            args_ = []
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if name in self.positional_only_args:
+                    args_.append(value)
+                else:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.raw_function(**d, **var_kwargs)
+
+    def create_model(self, fields: dict[str, Any], takes_args: bool, takes_kwargs: bool, config: 'ConfigType') -> None:
+        pos_args = len(self.arg_mapping)
+
+        config_wrapper = _config.ConfigWrapper(config)
+
+        if config_wrapper.alias_generator:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Setting the "alias_generator" property on custom Config for '
+                '@validate_arguments is not yet supported, please remove.',
+                code=None,
+            )
+        if config_wrapper.extra is None:
+            config_wrapper.config_dict['extra'] = 'forbid'
+
+        class DecoratorBaseModel(BaseModel):
+            @field_validator(self.v_args_name, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_args(cls, v: Optional[list[Any]]) -> Optional[list[Any]]:
+                if takes_args or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                raise TypeError(f'{pos_args} positional arguments expected but {pos_args + len(v)} given')
+
+            @field_validator(self.v_kwargs_name, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[dict[str, Any]]:
+                if takes_kwargs or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v.keys()))
+                raise TypeError(f'unexpected keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @field_validator(V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_positional_only(cls, v: Optional[list[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'positional-only argument{plural} passed as keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @field_validator(V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS, check_fields=False)
+            @classmethod
+            def check_duplicate_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[list[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'multiple values for argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            model_config = config_wrapper.config_dict
+
+        self.model = create_model(to_pascal(self.raw_function.__name__), __base__=DecoratorBaseModel, **fields)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e216a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import datetime
+import warnings
+from collections import deque
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from re import Pattern
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Union
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from .._internal._import_utils import import_cached_base_model
+from ..color import Color
+from ..networks import NameEmail
+from ..types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = 'pydantic_encoder', 'custom_pydantic_encoder', 'timedelta_isoformat'
+
+
+def isoformat(o: Union[datetime.date, datetime.time]) -> str:
+    return o.isoformat()
+
+
+def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> Union[int, float]:
+    """Encodes a Decimal as int of there's no exponent, otherwise float.
+
+    This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0)
+    where a integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float
+    results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse.
+    Our Id type is a prime example of this.
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0"))
+    1.0
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1"))
+    1
+    """
+    exponent = dec_value.as_tuple().exponent
+    if isinstance(exponent, int) and exponent >= 0:
+        return int(dec_value)
+    else:
+        return float(dec_value)
+
+
+ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: dict[type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = {
+    bytes: lambda o: o.decode(),
+    Color: str,
+    datetime.date: isoformat,
+    datetime.datetime: isoformat,
+    datetime.time: isoformat,
+    datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(),
+    Decimal: decimal_encoder,
+    Enum: lambda o: o.value,
+    frozenset: list,
+    deque: list,
+    GeneratorType: list,
+    IPv4Address: str,
+    IPv4Interface: str,
+    IPv4Network: str,
+    IPv6Address: str,
+    IPv6Interface: str,
+    IPv6Network: str,
+    NameEmail: str,
+    Path: str,
+    Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern,
+    SecretBytes: str,
+    SecretStr: str,
+    set: list,
+    UUID: str,
+}
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def pydantic_encoder(obj: Any) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
+
+    BaseModel = import_cached_base_model()
+
+    if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
+        return obj.model_dump()
+    elif is_dataclass(obj):
+        return asdict(obj)  # type: ignore
+
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        raise TypeError(f"Object of type '{obj.__class__.__name__}' is not JSON serializable")
+
+
+# TODO: Add a suggested migration path once there is a way to use custom encoders
+@deprecated(
+    '`custom_pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `BaseModel.model_dump` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def custom_pydantic_encoder(type_encoders: dict[Any, Callable[[type[Any]], Any]], obj: Any) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`custom_pydantic_encoder` is deprecated, use `BaseModel.model_dump` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = type_encoders[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        return pydantic_encoder(obj)
+
+
+@deprecated('`timedelta_isoformat` is deprecated.', category=None)
+def timedelta_isoformat(td: datetime.timedelta) -> str:
+    """ISO 8601 encoding for Python timedelta object."""
+    warnings.warn('`timedelta_isoformat` is deprecated.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=2)
+    minutes, seconds = divmod(td.seconds, 60)
+    hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+    return f'{"-" if td.days < 0 else ""}P{abs(td.days)}DT{hours:d}H{minutes:d}M{seconds:d}.{td.microseconds:06d}S'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/parse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a92e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import pickle
+import warnings
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+
+class Protocol(str, Enum):
+    json = 'json'
+    pickle = 'pickle'
+
+
+@deprecated('`load_str_bytes` is deprecated.', category=None)
+def load_str_bytes(
+    b: str | bytes,
+    *,
+    content_type: str | None = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol | None = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn('`load_str_bytes` is deprecated.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=2)
+    if proto is None and content_type:
+        if content_type.endswith(('json', 'javascript')):
+            pass
+        elif allow_pickle and content_type.endswith('pickle'):
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Unknown content-type: {content_type}')
+
+    proto = proto or Protocol.json
+
+    if proto == Protocol.json:
+        if isinstance(b, bytes):
+            b = b.decode(encoding)
+        return json_loads(b)  # type: ignore
+    elif proto == Protocol.pickle:
+        if not allow_pickle:
+            raise RuntimeError('Trying to decode with pickle with allow_pickle=False')
+        bb = b if isinstance(b, bytes) else b.encode()  # type: ignore
+        return pickle.loads(bb)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'Unknown protocol: {proto}')
+
+
+@deprecated('`load_file` is deprecated.', category=None)
+def load_file(
+    path: str | Path,
+    *,
+    content_type: str | None = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol | None = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    warnings.warn('`load_file` is deprecated.', category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20, stacklevel=2)
+    path = Path(path)
+    b = path.read_bytes()
+    if content_type is None:
+        if path.suffix in ('.js', '.json'):
+            proto = Protocol.json
+        elif path.suffix == '.pkl':
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+
+    return load_str_bytes(
+        b, proto=proto, content_type=content_type, encoding=encoding, allow_pickle=allow_pickle, json_loads=json_loads
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/tools.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad7fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/deprecated/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import warnings
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
+
+from ..json_schema import DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, GenerateJsonSchema
+from ..type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+from ..warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # See PyCharm issues https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-21915
+    # and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-51428
+    DeprecationWarning = PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+__all__ = 'parse_obj_as', 'schema_of', 'schema_json_of'
+
+NameFactory = Union[str, Callable[[type[Any]], str]]
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`parse_obj_as` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.validate_python` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def parse_obj_as(type_: type[T], obj: Any, type_name: NameFactory | None = None) -> T:
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`parse_obj_as` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.validate_python` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    if type_name is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The type_name parameter is deprecated. parse_obj_as no longer creates temporary models',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+    return TypeAdapter(type_).validate_python(obj)
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`schema_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def schema_of(
+    type_: Any,
+    *,
+    title: NameFactory | None = None,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as dict) for the passed model or dynamically generated one."""
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`schema_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    res = TypeAdapter(type_).json_schema(
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        schema_generator=schema_generator,
+        ref_template=ref_template,
+    )
+    if title is not None:
+        if isinstance(title, str):
+            res['title'] = title
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Passing a callable for the `title` parameter is deprecated and no longer supported',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            res['title'] = title(type_)
+    return res
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    '`schema_json_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+    category=None,
+)
+def schema_json_of(
+    type_: Any,
+    *,
+    title: NameFactory | None = None,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+    **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as JSON) for the passed model or dynamically generated one."""
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`schema_json_of` is deprecated. Use `pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema` instead.',
+        category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    return json.dumps(
+        schema_of(type_, title=title, by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, schema_generator=schema_generator),
+        **dumps_kwargs,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/env_settings.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/env_settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd0b04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/env_settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `env_settings` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/error_wrappers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/error_wrappers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2985419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/error_wrappers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `error_wrappers` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33851bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""Pydantic-specific errors."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Literal
+
+from typing_extensions import Self
+from typing_inspection.introspection import Qualifier
+
+from pydantic._internal import _repr
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .version import version_short
+
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticUserError',
+    'PydanticUndefinedAnnotation',
+    'PydanticImportError',
+    'PydanticSchemaGenerationError',
+    'PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema',
+    'PydanticForbiddenQualifier',
+    'PydanticErrorCodes',
+)
+
+# We use this URL to allow for future flexibility about how we host the docs, while allowing for Pydantic
+# code in the while with "old" URLs to still work.
+# 'u' refers to "user errors" - e.g. errors caused by developers using pydantic, as opposed to validation errors.
+DEV_ERROR_DOCS_URL = f'https://errors.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/u/'
+PydanticErrorCodes = Literal[
+    'class-not-fully-defined',
+    'custom-json-schema',
+    'decorator-invalid-fields',
+    'decorator-missing-arguments',
+    'decorator-missing-field',
+    'discriminator-no-field',
+    'discriminator-alias-type',
+    'discriminator-needs-literal',
+    'discriminator-alias',
+    'discriminator-validator',
+    'callable-discriminator-no-tag',
+    'typed-dict-version',
+    'model-field-overridden',
+    'model-field-missing-annotation',
+    'config-both',
+    'removed-kwargs',
+    'circular-reference-schema',
+    'invalid-for-json-schema',
+    'json-schema-already-used',
+    'base-model-instantiated',
+    'undefined-annotation',
+    'schema-for-unknown-type',
+    'import-error',
+    'create-model-field-definitions',
+    'validator-instance-method',
+    'validator-input-type',
+    'root-validator-pre-skip',
+    'model-serializer-instance-method',
+    'validator-field-config-info',
+    'validator-v1-signature',
+    'validator-signature',
+    'field-serializer-signature',
+    'model-serializer-signature',
+    'multiple-field-serializers',
+    'invalid-annotated-type',
+    'type-adapter-config-unused',
+    'root-model-extra',
+    'unevaluable-type-annotation',
+    'dataclass-init-false-extra-allow',
+    'clashing-init-and-init-var',
+    'model-config-invalid-field-name',
+    'with-config-on-model',
+    'dataclass-on-model',
+    'validate-call-type',
+    'unpack-typed-dict',
+    'overlapping-unpack-typed-dict',
+    'invalid-self-type',
+    'validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+]
+
+
+class PydanticErrorMixin:
+    """A mixin class for common functionality shared by all Pydantic-specific errors.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: A message describing the error.
+        code: An optional error code from PydanticErrorCodes enum.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, code: PydanticErrorCodes | None) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+        self.code = code
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.code is None:
+            return self.message
+        else:
+            return f'{self.message}\n\nFor further information visit {DEV_ERROR_DOCS_URL}{self.code}'
+
+
+class PydanticUserError(PydanticErrorMixin, RuntimeError):
+    """An error raised due to incorrect use of Pydantic."""
+
+
+class PydanticUndefinedAnnotation(PydanticErrorMixin, NameError):
+    """A subclass of `NameError` raised when handling undefined annotations during `CoreSchema` generation.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: Name of the error.
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, message: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        super().__init__(message=message, code='undefined-annotation')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_name_error(cls, name_error: NameError) -> Self:
+        """Convert a `NameError` to a `PydanticUndefinedAnnotation` error.
+
+        Args:
+            name_error: `NameError` to be converted.
+
+        Returns:
+            Converted `PydanticUndefinedAnnotation` error.
+        """
+        try:
+            name = name_error.name  # type: ignore  # python > 3.10
+        except AttributeError:
+            name = re.search(r".*'(.+?)'", str(name_error)).group(1)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        return cls(name=name, message=str(name_error))
+
+
+class PydanticImportError(PydanticErrorMixin, ImportError):
+    """An error raised when an import fails due to module changes between V1 and V2.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, code='import-error')
+
+
+class PydanticSchemaGenerationError(PydanticUserError):
+    """An error raised during failures to generate a `CoreSchema` for some type.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, code='schema-for-unknown-type')
+
+
+class PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(PydanticUserError):
+    """An error raised during failures to generate a JSON schema for some `CoreSchema`.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, code='invalid-for-json-schema')
+
+
+class PydanticForbiddenQualifier(PydanticUserError):
+    """An error raised if a forbidden type qualifier is found in a type annotation."""
+
+    _qualifier_repr_map: ClassVar[dict[Qualifier, str]] = {
+        'required': 'typing.Required',
+        'not_required': 'typing.NotRequired',
+        'read_only': 'typing.ReadOnly',
+        'class_var': 'typing.ClassVar',
+        'init_var': 'dataclasses.InitVar',
+        'final': 'typing.Final',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, qualifier: Qualifier, annotation: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            message=(
+                f'The annotation {_repr.display_as_type(annotation)!r} contains the {self._qualifier_repr_map[qualifier]!r} '
+                f'type qualifier, which is invalid in the context it is defined.'
+            ),
+            code=None,
+        )
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b5add1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""The "experimental" module of pydantic contains potential new features that are subject to change."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/arguments_schema.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/arguments_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af4a8f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/arguments_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Experimental module exposing a function to generate a core schema that validates callable arguments."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema
+
+from pydantic import ConfigDict
+from pydantic._internal import _config, _generate_schema, _namespace_utils
+
+
+def generate_arguments_schema(
+    func: Callable[..., Any],
+    schema_type: Literal['arguments', 'arguments-v3'] = 'arguments-v3',
+    parameters_callback: Callable[[int, str, Any], Literal['skip'] | None] | None = None,
+    config: ConfigDict | None = None,
+) -> CoreSchema:
+    """Generate the schema for the arguments of a function.
+
+    Args:
+        func: The function to generate the schema for.
+        schema_type: The type of schema to generate.
+        parameters_callback: A callable that will be invoked for each parameter. The callback
+            should take three required arguments: the index, the name and the type annotation
+            (or [`Parameter.empty`][inspect.Parameter.empty] if not annotated) of the parameter.
+            The callback can optionally return `'skip'`, so that the parameter gets excluded
+            from the resulting schema.
+        config: The configuration to use.
+
+    Returns:
+        The generated schema.
+    """
+    generate_schema = _generate_schema.GenerateSchema(
+        _config.ConfigWrapper(config),
+        ns_resolver=_namespace_utils.NsResolver(namespaces_tuple=_namespace_utils.ns_for_function(func)),
+    )
+
+    if schema_type == 'arguments':
+        schema = generate_schema._arguments_schema(func, parameters_callback)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    else:
+        schema = generate_schema._arguments_v3_schema(func, parameters_callback)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    return generate_schema.clean_schema(schema)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/missing_sentinel.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/missing_sentinel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e7f820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/missing_sentinel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Experimental module exposing a function a `MISSING` sentinel."""
+
+from pydantic_core import MISSING
+
+__all__ = ('MISSING',)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/pipeline.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/pipeline.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ead658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/experimental/pipeline.py
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+"""Experimental pipeline API functionality. Be careful with this API, it's subject to change."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import operator
+import re
+import sys
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Container
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from decimal import Decimal
+from functools import cached_property, partial
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, Callable, Generic, Protocol, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+import annotated_types
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
+from pydantic_core import core_schema as cs
+
+from pydantic import Strict
+from pydantic._internal._internal_dataclass import slots_true as _slots_true
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
+else:
+    from types import EllipsisType
+
+__all__ = ['validate_as', 'validate_as_deferred', 'transform']
+
+_slots_frozen = {**_slots_true, 'frozen': True}
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _ValidateAs:
+    tp: type[Any]
+    strict: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _ValidateAsDefer:
+    func: Callable[[], type[Any]]
+
+    @cached_property
+    def tp(self) -> type[Any]:
+        return self.func()
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _Transform:
+    func: Callable[[Any], Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _PipelineOr:
+    left: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+    right: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _PipelineAnd:
+    left: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+    right: _Pipeline[Any, Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _Eq:
+    value: Any
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _NotEq:
+    value: Any
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _In:
+    values: Container[Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _NotIn:
+    values: Container[Any]
+
+
+_ConstraintAnnotation = Union[
+    annotated_types.Le,
+    annotated_types.Ge,
+    annotated_types.Lt,
+    annotated_types.Gt,
+    annotated_types.Len,
+    annotated_types.MultipleOf,
+    annotated_types.Timezone,
+    annotated_types.Interval,
+    annotated_types.Predicate,
+    # common predicates not included in annotated_types
+    _Eq,
+    _NotEq,
+    _In,
+    _NotIn,
+    # regular expressions
+    Pattern[str],
+]
+
+
+@dataclass(**_slots_frozen)
+class _Constraint:
+    constraint: _ConstraintAnnotation
+
+
+_Step = Union[_ValidateAs, _ValidateAsDefer, _Transform, _PipelineOr, _PipelineAnd, _Constraint]
+
+_InT = TypeVar('_InT')
+_OutT = TypeVar('_OutT')
+_NewOutT = TypeVar('_NewOutT')
+
+
+class _FieldTypeMarker:
+    pass
+
+
+# TODO: ultimately, make this public, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/9459#discussion_r1628197626
+# Also, make this frozen eventually, but that doesn't work right now because of the generic base
+# Which attempts to modify __orig_base__ and such.
+# We could go with a manual freeze, but that seems overkill for now.
+@dataclass(**_slots_true)
+class _Pipeline(Generic[_InT, _OutT]):
+    """Abstract representation of a chain of validation, transformation, and parsing steps."""
+
+    _steps: tuple[_Step, ...]
+
+    def transform(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[[_OutT], _NewOutT],
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]:
+        """Transform the output of the previous step.
+
+        If used as the first step in a pipeline, the type of the field is used.
+        That is, the transformation is applied to after the value is parsed to the field's type.
+        """
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT](self._steps + (_Transform(func),))
+
+    @overload
+    def validate_as(self, tp: type[_NewOutT], *, strict: bool = False) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def validate_as(
+        self,
+        tp: ellipsis,  # noqa: F821  # TODO: use `_typing_extra.EllipsisType` when we drop Py3.9
+        *,
+        strict: bool = False,
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]: ...
+
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm to properly type Annotated aliases (e.g. NewPath, FilePath).
+    # This fallback accepts any type expression but loses generic type inference.
+    @overload
+    def validate_as(self, tp: Any, *, strict: bool = ...) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]: ...
+
+    def validate_as(self, tp: type[_NewOutT] | EllipsisType | Any, *, strict: bool = False) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]:  # type: ignore
+        """Validate / parse the input into a new type.
+
+        If no type is provided, the type of the field is used.
+
+        Types are parsed in Pydantic's `lax` mode by default,
+        but you can enable `strict` mode by passing `strict=True`.
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, EllipsisType):
+            return _Pipeline[_InT, Any](self._steps + (_ValidateAs(_FieldTypeMarker, strict=strict),))
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT](self._steps + (_ValidateAs(tp, strict=strict),))
+
+    def validate_as_deferred(self, func: Callable[[], type[_NewOutT]]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]:
+        """Parse the input into a new type, deferring resolution of the type until the current class
+        is fully defined.
+
+        This is useful when you need to reference the class in it's own type annotations.
+        """
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT](self._steps + (_ValidateAsDefer(func),))
+
+    # constraints
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe], constraint: annotated_types.Ge) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt], constraint: annotated_types.Gt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe], constraint: annotated_types.Le) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt], constraint: annotated_types.Lt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen], constraint: annotated_types.Len
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT], constraint: annotated_types.MultipleOf
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDatetime], constraint: annotated_types.Timezone
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDatetime]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: annotated_types.Predicate) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutInterval], constraint: annotated_types.Interval
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutInterval]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _Eq) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _NotEq) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _In) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], constraint: _NotIn) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def constrain(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT], constraint: Pattern[str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]: ...
+
+    def constrain(self, constraint: _ConstraintAnnotation) -> Any:
+        """Constrain a value to meet a certain condition.
+
+        We support most conditions from `annotated_types`, as well as regular expressions.
+
+        Most of the time you'll be calling a shortcut method like `gt`, `lt`, `len`, etc
+        so you don't need to call this directly.
+        """
+        return _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT](self._steps + (_Constraint(constraint),))
+
+    def predicate(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT], func: Callable[[_NewOutT], bool]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to meet a certain predicate."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Predicate(func))
+
+    def gt(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt], gt: _NewOutGt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGt]:
+        """Constrain a value to be greater than a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Gt(gt))
+
+    def lt(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt], lt: _NewOutLt) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLt]:
+        """Constrain a value to be less than a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Lt(lt))
+
+    def ge(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe], ge: _NewOutGe) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutGe]:
+        """Constrain a value to be greater than or equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Ge(ge))
+
+    def le(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe], le: _NewOutLe) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLe]:
+        """Constrain a value to be less than or equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Le(le))
+
+    def len(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen], min_len: int, max_len: int | None = None) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutLen]:
+        """Constrain a value to have a certain length."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Len(min_len, max_len))
+
+    @overload
+    def multiple_of(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDiv], multiple_of: _NewOutDiv) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutDiv]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def multiple_of(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutMod], multiple_of: _NewOutMod) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _NewOutMod]: ...
+
+    def multiple_of(self: _Pipeline[_InT, Any], multiple_of: Any) -> _Pipeline[_InT, Any]:
+        """Constrain a value to be a multiple of a certain number."""
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of))
+
+    def eq(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], value: _OutT) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to be equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(_Eq(value))
+
+    def not_eq(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], value: _OutT) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to not be equal to a certain value."""
+        return self.constrain(_NotEq(value))
+
+    def in_(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], values: Container[_OutT]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to be in a certain set."""
+        return self.constrain(_In(values))
+
+    def not_in(self: _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT], values: Container[_OutT]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OutT]:
+        """Constrain a value to not be in a certain set."""
+        return self.constrain(_NotIn(values))
+
+    # timezone methods
+    def datetime_tz_naive(self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Timezone(None))
+
+    def datetime_tz_aware(self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Timezone(...))
+
+    def datetime_tz(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime], tz: datetime.tzinfo
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.constrain(annotated_types.Timezone(tz))  # type: ignore
+
+    def datetime_with_tz(
+        self: _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime], tz: datetime.tzinfo | None
+    ) -> _Pipeline[_InT, datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.transform(partial(datetime.datetime.replace, tzinfo=tz))
+
+    # string methods
+    def str_lower(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.lower)
+
+    def str_upper(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.upper)
+
+    def str_title(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.title)
+
+    def str_strip(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.transform(str.strip)
+
+    def str_pattern(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], pattern: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.constrain(re.compile(pattern))
+
+    def str_contains(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], substring: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.predicate(lambda v: substring in v)
+
+    def str_starts_with(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], prefix: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.predicate(lambda v: v.startswith(prefix))
+
+    def str_ends_with(self: _Pipeline[_InT, str], suffix: str) -> _Pipeline[_InT, str]:
+        return self.predicate(lambda v: v.endswith(suffix))
+
+    # operators
+    def otherwise(self, other: _Pipeline[_OtherIn, _OtherOut]) -> _Pipeline[_InT | _OtherIn, _OutT | _OtherOut]:
+        """Combine two validation chains, returning the result of the first chain if it succeeds, and the second chain if it fails."""
+        return _Pipeline((_PipelineOr(self, other),))
+
+    __or__ = otherwise
+
+    def then(self, other: _Pipeline[_OutT, _OtherOut]) -> _Pipeline[_InT, _OtherOut]:
+        """Pipe the result of one validation chain into another."""
+        return _Pipeline((_PipelineAnd(self, other),))
+
+    __and__ = then
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+        queue = deque(self._steps)
+
+        s = None
+
+        while queue:
+            step = queue.popleft()
+            s = _apply_step(step, s, handler, source_type)
+
+        s = s or cs.any_schema()
+        return s
+
+    def __supports_type__(self, _: _OutT) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+validate_as = _Pipeline[Any, Any](()).validate_as
+validate_as_deferred = _Pipeline[Any, Any](()).validate_as_deferred
+transform = _Pipeline[Any, Any]((_ValidateAs(_FieldTypeMarker),)).transform
+
+
+def _check_func(
+    func: Callable[[Any], bool], predicate_err: str | Callable[[], str], s: cs.CoreSchema | None
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    def handler(v: Any) -> Any:
+        if func(v):
+            return v
+        raise ValueError(f'Expected {predicate_err if isinstance(predicate_err, str) else predicate_err()}')
+
+    if s is None:
+        return cs.no_info_plain_validator_function(handler)
+    else:
+        return cs.no_info_after_validator_function(handler, s)
+
+
+def _apply_step(step: _Step, s: cs.CoreSchema | None, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler, source_type: Any) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    if isinstance(step, _ValidateAs):
+        s = _apply_parse(s, step.tp, step.strict, handler, source_type)
+    elif isinstance(step, _ValidateAsDefer):
+        s = _apply_parse(s, step.tp, False, handler, source_type)
+    elif isinstance(step, _Transform):
+        s = _apply_transform(s, step.func, handler)
+    elif isinstance(step, _Constraint):
+        s = _apply_constraint(s, step.constraint)
+    elif isinstance(step, _PipelineOr):
+        s = cs.union_schema([handler(step.left), handler(step.right)])
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(step, _PipelineAnd)
+        s = cs.chain_schema([handler(step.left), handler(step.right)])
+    return s
+
+
+def _apply_parse(
+    s: cs.CoreSchema | None,
+    tp: type[Any],
+    strict: bool,
+    handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+    source_type: Any,
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    if tp is _FieldTypeMarker:
+        return cs.chain_schema([s, handler(source_type)]) if s else handler(source_type)
+
+    if strict:
+        tp = Annotated[tp, Strict()]  # type: ignore
+
+    if s and s['type'] == 'any':
+        return handler(tp)
+    else:
+        return cs.chain_schema([s, handler(tp)]) if s else handler(tp)
+
+
+def _apply_transform(
+    s: cs.CoreSchema | None, func: Callable[[Any], Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    if s is None:
+        return cs.no_info_plain_validator_function(func)
+
+    if s['type'] == 'str':
+        if func is str.strip:
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['strip_whitespace'] = True
+            return s
+        elif func is str.lower:
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['to_lower'] = True
+            return s
+        elif func is str.upper:
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['to_upper'] = True
+            return s
+
+    return cs.no_info_after_validator_function(func, s)
+
+
+def _apply_constraint(  # noqa: C901
+    s: cs.CoreSchema | None, constraint: _ConstraintAnnotation
+) -> cs.CoreSchema:
+    """Apply a single constraint to a schema."""
+    if isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Gt):
+        gt = constraint.gt
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(gt, int):
+                s['gt'] = gt
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(gt, float):
+                s['gt'] = gt
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(gt, Decimal):
+                s['gt'] = gt
+        else:
+
+            def check_gt(v: Any) -> bool:
+                return v > gt
+
+            s = _check_func(check_gt, f'> {gt}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Ge):
+        ge = constraint.ge
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(ge, int):
+                s['ge'] = ge
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(ge, float):
+                s['ge'] = ge
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(ge, Decimal):
+                s['ge'] = ge
+
+        def check_ge(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v >= ge
+
+        s = _check_func(check_ge, f'>= {ge}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Lt):
+        lt = constraint.lt
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(lt, int):
+                s['lt'] = lt
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(lt, float):
+                s['lt'] = lt
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(lt, Decimal):
+                s['lt'] = lt
+
+        def check_lt(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v < lt
+
+        s = _check_func(check_lt, f'< {lt}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Le):
+        le = constraint.le
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(le, int):
+                s['le'] = le
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(le, float):
+                s['le'] = le
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(le, Decimal):
+                s['le'] = le
+
+        def check_le(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v <= le
+
+        s = _check_func(check_le, f'<= {le}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Len):
+        min_len = constraint.min_length
+        max_len = constraint.max_length
+
+        if s and s['type'] in {'str', 'list', 'tuple', 'set', 'frozenset', 'dict'}:
+            assert (
+                s['type'] == 'str'
+                or s['type'] == 'list'
+                or s['type'] == 'tuple'
+                or s['type'] == 'set'
+                or s['type'] == 'dict'
+                or s['type'] == 'frozenset'
+            )
+            s = s.copy()
+            if min_len != 0:
+                s['min_length'] = min_len
+            if max_len is not None:
+                s['max_length'] = max_len
+
+        def check_len(v: Any) -> bool:
+            if max_len is not None:
+                return (min_len <= len(v)) and (len(v) <= max_len)
+            return min_len <= len(v)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_len, f'length >= {min_len} and length <= {max_len}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.MultipleOf):
+        multiple_of = constraint.multiple_of
+        if s and s['type'] in {'int', 'float', 'decimal'}:
+            s = s.copy()
+            if s['type'] == 'int' and isinstance(multiple_of, int):
+                s['multiple_of'] = multiple_of
+            elif s['type'] == 'float' and isinstance(multiple_of, float):
+                s['multiple_of'] = multiple_of
+            elif s['type'] == 'decimal' and isinstance(multiple_of, Decimal):
+                s['multiple_of'] = multiple_of
+
+        def check_multiple_of(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return v % multiple_of == 0
+
+        s = _check_func(check_multiple_of, f'% {multiple_of} == 0', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Timezone):
+        tz = constraint.tz
+
+        if tz is ...:
+            if s and s['type'] == 'datetime':
+                s = s.copy()
+                s['tz_constraint'] = 'aware'
+            else:
+
+                def check_tz_aware(v: object) -> bool:
+                    assert isinstance(v, datetime.datetime)
+                    return v.tzinfo is not None
+
+                s = _check_func(check_tz_aware, 'timezone aware', s)
+        elif tz is None:
+            if s and s['type'] == 'datetime':
+                s = s.copy()
+                s['tz_constraint'] = 'naive'
+            else:
+
+                def check_tz_naive(v: object) -> bool:
+                    assert isinstance(v, datetime.datetime)
+                    return v.tzinfo is None
+
+                s = _check_func(check_tz_naive, 'timezone naive', s)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError('Constraining to a specific timezone is not yet supported')
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Interval):
+        if constraint.ge:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Ge(constraint.ge))
+        if constraint.gt:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Gt(constraint.gt))
+        if constraint.le:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Le(constraint.le))
+        if constraint.lt:
+            s = _apply_constraint(s, annotated_types.Lt(constraint.lt))
+        assert s is not None
+    elif isinstance(constraint, annotated_types.Predicate):
+        func = constraint.func
+        # Same logic as in `_known_annotated_metadata.apply_known_metadata()`:
+        predicate_name = f'{func.__qualname__!r} ' if hasattr(func, '__qualname__') else ''
+
+        def predicate_func(v: Any) -> Any:
+            if not func(v):
+                raise PydanticCustomError(
+                    'predicate_failed',
+                    f'Predicate {predicate_name}failed',  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                )
+            return v
+
+        if s is None:
+            s = cs.no_info_plain_validator_function(predicate_func)
+        else:
+            s = cs.no_info_after_validator_function(predicate_func, s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _NotEq):
+        value = constraint.value
+
+        def check_not_eq(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__ne__(v, value)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_not_eq, f'!= {value}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _Eq):
+        value = constraint.value
+
+        def check_eq(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__eq__(v, value)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_eq, f'== {value}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _In):
+        values = constraint.values
+
+        def check_in(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__contains__(values, v)
+
+        s = _check_func(check_in, f'in {values}', s)
+    elif isinstance(constraint, _NotIn):
+        values = constraint.values
+
+        def check_not_in(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return operator.__not__(operator.__contains__(values, v))
+
+        s = _check_func(check_not_in, f'not in {values}', s)
+    else:
+        assert isinstance(constraint, Pattern)
+        if s and s['type'] == 'str':
+            s = s.copy()
+            s['pattern'] = constraint.pattern
+        else:
+
+            def check_pattern(v: object) -> bool:
+                assert isinstance(v, str)
+                return constraint.match(v) is not None
+
+            s = _check_func(check_pattern, f'~ {constraint.pattern}', s)
+    return s
+
+
+class _SupportsRange(annotated_types.SupportsLe, annotated_types.SupportsGe, Protocol):
+    pass
+
+
+class _SupportsLen(Protocol):
+    def __len__(self) -> int: ...
+
+
+_NewOutGt = TypeVar('_NewOutGt', bound=annotated_types.SupportsGt)
+_NewOutGe = TypeVar('_NewOutGe', bound=annotated_types.SupportsGe)
+_NewOutLt = TypeVar('_NewOutLt', bound=annotated_types.SupportsLt)
+_NewOutLe = TypeVar('_NewOutLe', bound=annotated_types.SupportsLe)
+_NewOutLen = TypeVar('_NewOutLen', bound=_SupportsLen)
+_NewOutDiv = TypeVar('_NewOutDiv', bound=annotated_types.SupportsDiv)
+_NewOutMod = TypeVar('_NewOutMod', bound=annotated_types.SupportsMod)
+_NewOutDatetime = TypeVar('_NewOutDatetime', bound=datetime.datetime)
+_NewOutInterval = TypeVar('_NewOutInterval', bound=_SupportsRange)
+_OtherIn = TypeVar('_OtherIn')
+_OtherOut = TypeVar('_OtherOut')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/fields.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ede966f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1892 @@
+"""Defining fields on models."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import re
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from copy import copy
+from dataclasses import Field as DataclassField
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, ClassVar, Literal, TypeVar, final, overload
+from warnings import warn
+
+import annotated_types
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import MISSING, PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, TypedDict, Unpack, deprecated
+from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+from typing_inspection.introspection import UNKNOWN, AnnotationSource, ForbiddenQualifier, Qualifier, inspect_annotation
+
+from . import types
+from ._internal import _decorators, _fields, _generics, _internal_dataclass, _repr, _typing_extra, _utils
+from ._internal._namespace_utils import GlobalsNamespace, MappingNamespace
+from .aliases import AliasChoices, AliasGenerator, AliasPath
+from .config import JsonDict
+from .errors import PydanticForbiddenQualifier, PydanticUserError
+from .json_schema import PydanticJsonSchemaWarning
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._config import ConfigWrapper
+    from ._internal._repr import ReprArgs
+
+
+__all__ = 'Field', 'FieldInfo', 'PrivateAttr', 'computed_field'
+
+
+_Unset: Any = PydanticUndefined
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    import warnings
+
+    Deprecated: TypeAlias = warnings.deprecated | deprecated
+else:
+    Deprecated: TypeAlias = deprecated
+
+
+class _FromFieldInfoInputs(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """This class exists solely to add type checking for the `**kwargs` in `FieldInfo.from_field`."""
+
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm:
+    annotation: type[Any] | None
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None
+    alias: str | None
+    alias_priority: int | None
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None
+    serialization_alias: str | None
+    title: str | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None
+    description: str | None
+    examples: list[Any] | None
+    exclude: bool | None
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None
+    multiple_of: float | None
+    strict: bool | None
+    min_length: int | None
+    max_length: int | None
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None
+    max_digits: int | None
+    decimal_places: int | None
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] | None
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None
+    frozen: bool | None
+    validate_default: bool | None
+    repr: bool
+    init: bool | None
+    init_var: bool | None
+    kw_only: bool | None
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None
+    fail_fast: bool | None
+
+
+class _FieldInfoInputs(_FromFieldInfoInputs, total=False):
+    """This class exists solely to add type checking for the `**kwargs` in `FieldInfo.__init__`."""
+
+    default: Any
+
+
+class _FieldInfoAsDict(TypedDict, closed=True):
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm:
+    annotation: Any
+    metadata: list[Any]
+    attributes: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+@final
+class FieldInfo(_repr.Representation):
+    """This class holds information about a field.
+
+    `FieldInfo` is used for any field definition regardless of whether the [`Field()`][pydantic.fields.Field]
+    function is explicitly used.
+
+    !!! warning
+        The `FieldInfo` class is meant to expose information about a field in a Pydantic model or dataclass.
+        `FieldInfo` instances shouldn't be instantiated directly, nor mutated.
+
+        If you need to derive a new model from another one and are willing to alter `FieldInfo` instances,
+        refer to this [dynamic model example](../examples/dynamic_models.md).
+
+    Attributes:
+        annotation: The type annotation of the field.
+        default: The default value of the field.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the already validated data.
+        alias: The alias name of the field.
+        alias_priority: The priority of the field's alias.
+        validation_alias: The validation alias of the field.
+        serialization_alias: The serialization alias of the field.
+        title: The title of the field.
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: The description of the field.
+        examples: List of examples of the field.
+        exclude: Whether to exclude the field from the model serialization.
+        exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude a field during serialization based on its value.
+        discriminator: Field name or Discriminator for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
+            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen.
+        validate_default: Whether to validate the default value of the field.
+        repr: Whether to include the field in representation of the model.
+        init: Whether the field should be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
+        init_var: Whether the field should _only_ be included in the constructor of the dataclass, and not stored.
+        kw_only: Whether the field should be a keyword-only argument in the constructor of the dataclass.
+        metadata: The metadata list. Contains all the data that isn't expressed as direct `FieldInfo` attributes, including:
+
+            * Type-specific constraints, such as `gt` or `min_length` (these are converted to metadata classes such as `annotated_types.Gt`).
+            * Any other arbitrary object used within [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] metadata
+              (e.g. [custom types handlers](../concepts/types.md#as-an-annotation) or any object not recognized by Pydantic).
+    """
+
+    # TODO PEP 747: use TypeForm:
+    annotation: type[Any] | None
+    default: Any
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None
+    alias: str | None
+    alias_priority: int | None
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None
+    serialization_alias: str | None
+    title: str | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None
+    description: str | None
+    examples: list[Any] | None
+    exclude: bool | None
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None
+    frozen: bool | None
+    validate_default: bool | None
+    repr: bool
+    init: bool | None
+    init_var: bool | None
+    kw_only: bool | None
+    metadata: list[Any]
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'annotation',
+        'default',
+        'default_factory',
+        'alias',
+        'alias_priority',
+        'validation_alias',
+        'serialization_alias',
+        'title',
+        'field_title_generator',
+        'description',
+        'examples',
+        'exclude',
+        'exclude_if',
+        'discriminator',
+        'deprecated',
+        'json_schema_extra',
+        'frozen',
+        'validate_default',
+        'repr',
+        'init',
+        'init_var',
+        'kw_only',
+        'metadata',
+        '_attributes_set',
+        '_qualifiers',
+        '_complete',
+        '_original_assignment',
+        '_original_annotation',
+        '_final',
+    )
+
+    # used to convert kwargs to metadata/constraints,
+    # None has a special meaning - these items are collected into a `PydanticGeneralMetadata`
+    metadata_lookup: ClassVar[dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any] | None]] = {
+        'strict': types.Strict,
+        'gt': annotated_types.Gt,
+        'ge': annotated_types.Ge,
+        'lt': annotated_types.Lt,
+        'le': annotated_types.Le,
+        'multiple_of': annotated_types.MultipleOf,
+        'min_length': annotated_types.MinLen,
+        'max_length': annotated_types.MaxLen,
+        'pattern': None,
+        'allow_inf_nan': None,
+        'max_digits': None,
+        'decimal_places': None,
+        'union_mode': None,
+        'coerce_numbers_to_str': None,
+        'fail_fast': types.FailFast,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_FieldInfoInputs]) -> None:
+        """This class should generally not be initialized directly; instead, use the `pydantic.fields.Field` function
+        or one of the constructor classmethods.
+
+        See the signature of `pydantic.fields.Field` for more details about the expected arguments.
+        """
+        # Tracking the explicitly set attributes is necessary to correctly merge `Field()` functions
+        # (e.g. with `Annotated[int, Field(alias='a'), Field(alias=None)]`, even though `None` is the default value,
+        # we need to track that `alias=None` was explicitly set):
+        self._attributes_set = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset and k not in self.metadata_lookup}
+        kwargs = {k: _DefaultValues.get(k) if v is _Unset else v for k, v in kwargs.items()}  # type: ignore
+        self.annotation = kwargs.get('annotation')
+
+        # Note: in theory, the second `pop()` arguments are not required below, as defaults are already set from `_DefaultsValues`.
+        default = kwargs.pop('default', PydanticUndefined)
+        if default is Ellipsis:
+            self.default = PydanticUndefined
+            self._attributes_set.pop('default', None)
+        else:
+            self.default = default
+
+        self.default_factory = kwargs.pop('default_factory', None)
+
+        if self.default is not PydanticUndefined and self.default_factory is not None:
+            raise TypeError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+        self.alias = kwargs.pop('alias', None)
+        self.validation_alias = kwargs.pop('validation_alias', None)
+        self.serialization_alias = kwargs.pop('serialization_alias', None)
+        alias_is_set = any(alias is not None for alias in (self.alias, self.validation_alias, self.serialization_alias))
+        self.alias_priority = kwargs.pop('alias_priority', None) or 2 if alias_is_set else None
+        self.title = kwargs.pop('title', None)
+        self.field_title_generator = kwargs.pop('field_title_generator', None)
+        self.description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
+        self.examples = kwargs.pop('examples', None)
+        self.exclude = kwargs.pop('exclude', None)
+        self.exclude_if = kwargs.pop('exclude_if', None)
+        self.discriminator = kwargs.pop('discriminator', None)
+        # For compatibility with FastAPI<=0.110.0, we preserve the existing value if it is not overridden
+        self.deprecated = kwargs.pop('deprecated', getattr(self, 'deprecated', None))
+        self.repr = kwargs.pop('repr', True)
+        self.json_schema_extra = kwargs.pop('json_schema_extra', None)
+        self.validate_default = kwargs.pop('validate_default', None)
+        self.frozen = kwargs.pop('frozen', None)
+        # currently only used on dataclasses
+        self.init = kwargs.pop('init', None)
+        self.init_var = kwargs.pop('init_var', None)
+        self.kw_only = kwargs.pop('kw_only', None)
+
+        self.metadata = self._collect_metadata(kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+        # Private attributes:
+        self._qualifiers: set[Qualifier] = set()
+        # Used to rebuild FieldInfo instances:
+        self._complete = True
+        self._original_annotation: Any = PydanticUndefined
+        self._original_assignment: Any = PydanticUndefined
+        # Used to track whether the `FieldInfo` instance represents the data about a field (and is exposed in `model_fields`/`__pydantic_fields__`),
+        # or if it is the result of the `Field()` function being used as metadata in an `Annotated` type/as an assignment
+        # (not an ideal pattern, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/11122):
+        self._final = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_field(default: Any = PydanticUndefined, **kwargs: Unpack[_FromFieldInfoInputs]) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Create a new `FieldInfo` object with the `Field` function.
+
+        Args:
+            default: The default value for the field. Defaults to Undefined.
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments dictionary.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If 'annotation' is passed as a keyword argument.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new FieldInfo object with the given parameters.
+
+        Example:
+            This is how you can create a field with default value like this:
+
+            ```python
+            import pydantic
+
+            class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+                foo: int = pydantic.Field(4)
+            ```
+        """
+        if 'annotation' in kwargs:
+            raise TypeError('"annotation" is not permitted as a Field keyword argument')
+        return FieldInfo(default=default, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_annotation(annotation: type[Any], *, _source: AnnotationSource = AnnotationSource.ANY) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Creates a `FieldInfo` instance from a bare annotation.
+
+        This function is used internally to create a `FieldInfo` from a bare annotation like this:
+
+        ```python
+        import pydantic
+
+        class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+            foo: int  # <-- like this
+        ```
+
+        We also account for the case where the annotation can be an instance of `Annotated` and where
+        one of the (not first) arguments in `Annotated` is an instance of `FieldInfo`, e.g.:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        import annotated_types
+
+        import pydantic
+
+        class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+            foo: Annotated[int, annotated_types.Gt(42)]
+            bar: Annotated[int, pydantic.Field(gt=42)]
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            annotation: An annotation object.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of the field metadata.
+        """
+        try:
+            inspected_ann = inspect_annotation(
+                annotation,
+                annotation_source=_source,
+                unpack_type_aliases='skip',
+            )
+        except ForbiddenQualifier as e:
+            raise PydanticForbiddenQualifier(e.qualifier, annotation)
+
+        # TODO check for classvar and error?
+
+        # No assigned value, this happens when using a bare `Final` qualifier (also for other
+        # qualifiers, but they shouldn't appear here). In this case we infer the type as `Any`
+        # because we don't have any assigned value.
+        type_expr: Any = Any if inspected_ann.type is UNKNOWN else inspected_ann.type
+        final = 'final' in inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        metadata = inspected_ann.metadata
+
+        attr_overrides = {'annotation': type_expr}
+        if final:
+            attr_overrides['frozen'] = True
+        field_info = FieldInfo._construct(metadata, **attr_overrides)
+        field_info._qualifiers = inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        field_info._final = True
+        return field_info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_annotated_attribute(
+        annotation: type[Any], default: Any, *, _source: AnnotationSource = AnnotationSource.ANY
+    ) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Create `FieldInfo` from an annotation with a default value.
+
+        This is used in cases like the following:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        import annotated_types
+
+        import pydantic
+
+        class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+            foo: int = 4  # <-- like this
+            bar: Annotated[int, annotated_types.Gt(4)] = 4  # <-- or this
+            spam: Annotated[int, pydantic.Field(gt=4)] = 4  # <-- or this
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            annotation: The type annotation of the field.
+            default: The default value of the field.
+
+        Returns:
+            A field object with the passed values.
+        """
+        if annotation is not MISSING and annotation is default:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Error when building FieldInfo from annotated attribute. '
+                "Make sure you don't have any field name clashing with a type annotation.",
+                code='unevaluable-type-annotation',
+            )
+
+        try:
+            inspected_ann = inspect_annotation(
+                annotation,
+                annotation_source=_source,
+                unpack_type_aliases='skip',
+            )
+        except ForbiddenQualifier as e:
+            raise PydanticForbiddenQualifier(e.qualifier, annotation)
+
+        # TODO check for classvar and error?
+
+        # TODO infer from the default, this can be done in v3 once we treat final fields with
+        # a default as proper fields and not class variables:
+        type_expr: Any = Any if inspected_ann.type is UNKNOWN else inspected_ann.type
+        final = 'final' in inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        metadata = inspected_ann.metadata
+
+        # HACK 1: the order in which the metadata is merged is inconsistent; we need to prepend
+        # metadata from the assignment at the beginning of the metadata. Changing this is only
+        # possible in v3 (at least). See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/10507
+        prepend_metadata: list[Any] | None = None
+        attr_overrides = {'annotation': type_expr}
+        if final:
+            attr_overrides['frozen'] = True
+
+        # HACK 2: FastAPI is subclassing `FieldInfo` and historically expected the actual
+        # instance's type to be preserved when constructing new models with its subclasses as assignments.
+        # This code is never reached by Pydantic itself, and in an ideal world this shouldn't be necessary.
+        if not metadata and isinstance(default, FieldInfo) and type(default) is not FieldInfo:
+            field_info = default._copy()
+            field_info._attributes_set.update(attr_overrides)
+            for k, v in attr_overrides.items():
+                setattr(field_info, k, v)
+            return field_info
+
+        if isinstance(default, FieldInfo):
+            default_copy = default._copy()  # Copy unnecessary when we remove HACK 1.
+            prepend_metadata = default_copy.metadata
+            default_copy.metadata = []
+            metadata = metadata + [default_copy]
+            if 'init_var' in inspected_ann.qualifiers:
+                # Only relevant for dataclasses, when `f: InitVar[<type>] = Field(...)`
+                # is used:
+                attr_overrides['init_var'] = True
+        elif isinstance(default, dataclasses.Field):
+            from_field = FieldInfo._from_dataclass_field(default)
+            prepend_metadata = from_field.metadata  # Unnecessary when we remove HACK 1.
+            from_field.metadata = []
+            metadata = metadata + [from_field]
+            if 'init_var' in inspected_ann.qualifiers:
+                attr_overrides['init_var'] = True
+            if (init := getattr(default, 'init', None)) is not None:
+                attr_overrides['init'] = init
+            if (kw_only := getattr(default, 'kw_only', None)) is not None:
+                attr_overrides['kw_only'] = kw_only
+        else:
+            # `default` is the actual default value
+            attr_overrides['default'] = default
+
+        field_info = FieldInfo._construct(
+            prepend_metadata + metadata if prepend_metadata is not None else metadata, **attr_overrides
+        )
+        field_info._qualifiers = inspected_ann.qualifiers
+        field_info._final = True
+        return field_info
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _construct(cls, metadata: list[Any], **attr_overrides: Any) -> Self:
+        """Construct the final `FieldInfo` instance, by merging the possibly existing `FieldInfo` instances from the metadata.
+
+        With the following example:
+
+        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            f: Annotated[int, Gt(1), Field(description='desc', lt=2)]
+        ```
+
+        `metadata` refers to the metadata elements of the `Annotated` form. This metadata is iterated over from left to right:
+
+        - If the element is a `Field()` function (which is itself a `FieldInfo` instance), the field attributes (such as
+          `description`) are saved to be set on the final `FieldInfo` instance.
+          On the other hand, some kwargs (such as `lt`) are stored as `metadata` (see `FieldInfo.__init__()`, calling
+          `FieldInfo._collect_metadata()`). In this case, the final metadata list is extended with the one from this instance.
+        - Else, the element is considered as a single metadata object, and is appended to the final metadata list.
+
+        Args:
+            metadata: The list of metadata elements to merge together. If the `FieldInfo` instance to be constructed is for
+                a field with an assigned `Field()`, this `Field()` assignment should be added as the last element of the
+                provided metadata.
+            **attr_overrides: Extra attributes that should be set on the final merged `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            The final merged `FieldInfo` instance.
+        """
+        merged_metadata: list[Any] = []
+        merged_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        for meta in metadata:
+            if isinstance(meta, FieldInfo):
+                merged_metadata.extend(meta.metadata)
+
+                new_js_extra: JsonDict | None = None
+                current_js_extra = meta.json_schema_extra
+                if current_js_extra is not None and 'json_schema_extra' in merged_kwargs:
+                    # We need to merge `json_schema_extra`'s:
+                    existing_js_extra = merged_kwargs['json_schema_extra']
+                    if isinstance(existing_js_extra, dict):
+                        if isinstance(current_js_extra, dict):
+                            new_js_extra = {
+                                **existing_js_extra,
+                                **current_js_extra,
+                            }
+                        elif callable(current_js_extra):
+                            warn(
+                                'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported. '
+                                'The `callable` type is being ignored. '
+                                "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                                UserWarning,
+                            )
+                    elif callable(existing_js_extra) and isinstance(current_js_extra, dict):
+                        warn(
+                            'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported. '
+                            'The `callable` type is being ignored. '
+                            "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                            UserWarning,
+                        )
+
+                # HACK: It is common for users to define "make model partial" (or similar) utilities, that
+                # convert all model fields to be optional (i.e. have a default value). To do so, they mutate
+                # each `FieldInfo` instance from `model_fields` to set a `default`, and use `create_model()`
+                # with `Annotated[<orig_type> | None, mutated_field_info]`` as an annotation. However, such
+                # mutations (by doing simple assignments) are only accidentally working, because we also
+                # need to track attributes explicitly set in `_attributes_set` (relying on default values for
+                # each attribute is *not* enough, for instance with `Annotated[int, Field(alias='a'), Field(alias=None)]`
+                # the resulting `FieldInfo` should have `alias=None`).
+                # To mitigate this, we add a special case when a "final" `FieldInfo` instance (that is an instance coming
+                # from `model_fields`) is used in annotated metadata (or assignment). In this case, we assume *all* attributes
+                # were explicitly set, and as such we use all of them (and this will correctly pick up the mutations).
+                # In theory, this shouldn't really be supported, you are only supposed to use the `Field()` function, not
+                # a `FieldInfo` instance directly (granted, `Field()` returns a `FieldInfo`, see
+                # https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/11122):
+                if meta._final:
+                    merged_kwargs.update({attr: getattr(meta, attr) for attr in _Attrs})
+                else:
+                    merged_kwargs.update(meta._attributes_set)
+
+                if new_js_extra is not None:
+                    merged_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = new_js_extra
+            elif typing_objects.is_deprecated(meta):
+                merged_kwargs['deprecated'] = meta
+            else:
+                merged_metadata.append(meta)
+
+        merged_kwargs.update(attr_overrides)
+        merged_field_info = cls(**merged_kwargs)
+        merged_field_info.metadata = merged_metadata
+        return merged_field_info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        "The 'merge_field_infos()' method is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. "
+        'If you relied on this method, please open an issue in the Pydantic issue tracker.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def merge_field_infos(*field_infos: FieldInfo, **overrides: Any) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Merge `FieldInfo` instances keeping only explicitly set attributes.
+
+        Later `FieldInfo` instances override earlier ones.
+
+        Returns:
+            FieldInfo: A merged FieldInfo instance.
+        """
+        if len(field_infos) == 1:
+            # No merging necessary, but we still need to make a copy and apply the overrides
+            field_info = field_infos[0]._copy()
+            field_info._attributes_set.update(overrides)
+
+            default_override = overrides.pop('default', PydanticUndefined)
+            if default_override is Ellipsis:
+                default_override = PydanticUndefined
+            if default_override is not PydanticUndefined:
+                field_info.default = default_override
+
+            for k, v in overrides.items():
+                setattr(field_info, k, v)
+            return field_info  # type: ignore
+
+        merged_field_info_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        metadata = {}
+        for field_info in field_infos:
+            attributes_set = field_info._attributes_set.copy()
+
+            try:
+                json_schema_extra = attributes_set.pop('json_schema_extra')
+                existing_json_schema_extra = merged_field_info_kwargs.get('json_schema_extra')
+
+                if existing_json_schema_extra is None:
+                    merged_field_info_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = json_schema_extra
+                if isinstance(existing_json_schema_extra, dict):
+                    if isinstance(json_schema_extra, dict):
+                        merged_field_info_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = {
+                            **existing_json_schema_extra,
+                            **json_schema_extra,
+                        }
+                    if callable(json_schema_extra):
+                        warn(
+                            'Composing `dict` and `callable` type `json_schema_extra` is not supported.'
+                            'The `callable` type is being ignored.'
+                            "If you'd like support for this behavior, please open an issue on pydantic.",
+                            PydanticJsonSchemaWarning,
+                        )
+                elif callable(json_schema_extra):
+                    # if ever there's a case of a callable, we'll just keep the last json schema extra spec
+                    merged_field_info_kwargs['json_schema_extra'] = json_schema_extra
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+
+            # later FieldInfo instances override everything except json_schema_extra from earlier FieldInfo instances
+            merged_field_info_kwargs.update(attributes_set)
+
+            for x in field_info.metadata:
+                if not isinstance(x, FieldInfo):
+                    metadata[type(x)] = x
+
+        merged_field_info_kwargs.update(overrides)
+        field_info = FieldInfo(**merged_field_info_kwargs)
+        field_info.metadata = list(metadata.values())
+        return field_info
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _from_dataclass_field(dc_field: DataclassField[Any]) -> FieldInfo:
+        """Return a new `FieldInfo` instance from a `dataclasses.Field` instance.
+
+        Args:
+            dc_field: The `dataclasses.Field` instance to convert.
+
+        Returns:
+            The corresponding `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If any of the `FieldInfo` kwargs does not match the `dataclass.Field` kwargs.
+        """
+        default = dc_field.default
+        if default is dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default = _Unset
+
+        if dc_field.default_factory is dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default_factory = _Unset
+        else:
+            default_factory = dc_field.default_factory
+
+        # use the `Field` function so in correct kwargs raise the correct `TypeError`
+        dc_field_metadata = {k: v for k, v in dc_field.metadata.items() if k in _FIELD_ARG_NAMES}
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) and dc_field.doc is not None:
+            dc_field_metadata['description'] = dc_field.doc
+        return Field(default=default, default_factory=default_factory, repr=dc_field.repr, **dc_field_metadata)  # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _collect_metadata(kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> list[Any]:
+        """Collect annotations from kwargs.
+
+        Args:
+            kwargs: Keyword arguments passed to the function.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of metadata objects - a combination of `annotated_types.BaseMetadata` and
+                `PydanticMetadata`.
+        """
+        metadata: list[Any] = []
+        general_metadata = {}
+        for key, value in list(kwargs.items()):
+            try:
+                marker = FieldInfo.metadata_lookup[key]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+
+            del kwargs[key]
+            if value is not None:
+                if marker is None:
+                    general_metadata[key] = value
+                else:
+                    metadata.append(marker(value))
+        if general_metadata:
+            metadata.append(_fields.pydantic_general_metadata(**general_metadata))
+        return metadata
+
+    @property
+    def deprecation_message(self) -> str | None:
+        """The deprecation message to be emitted, or `None` if not set."""
+        if self.deprecated is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(self.deprecated, bool):
+            return 'deprecated' if self.deprecated else None
+        return self.deprecated if isinstance(self.deprecated, str) else self.deprecated.message
+
+    @property
+    def default_factory_takes_validated_data(self) -> bool | None:
+        """Whether the provided default factory callable has a validated data parameter.
+
+        Returns `None` if no default factory is set.
+        """
+        if self.default_factory is not None:
+            return _fields.takes_validated_data_argument(self.default_factory)
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[True], validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[False] = ...) -> Any: ...
+
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: bool = False, validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Any:
+        """Get the default value.
+
+        We expose an option for whether to call the default_factory (if present), as calling it may
+        result in side effects that we want to avoid. However, there are times when it really should
+        be called (namely, when instantiating a model via `model_construct`).
+
+        Args:
+            call_default_factory: Whether to call the default factory or not.
+            validated_data: The already validated data to be passed to the default factory.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value, calling the default factory if requested or `PydanticUndefined` if not set.
+        """
+        return _fields.resolve_default_value(
+            default=self.default,
+            default_factory=self.default_factory,
+            validated_data=validated_data,
+            call_default_factory=call_default_factory,
+        )
+
+    def is_required(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the field is required (i.e., does not have a default value or factory).
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field is required, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        return self.default is PydanticUndefined and self.default_factory is None
+
+    def rebuild_annotation(self) -> Any:
+        """Attempts to rebuild the original annotation for use in function signatures.
+
+        If metadata is present, it adds it to the original annotation using
+        `Annotated`. Otherwise, it returns the original annotation as-is.
+
+        Note that because the metadata has been flattened, the original annotation
+        may not be reconstructed exactly as originally provided, e.g. if the original
+        type had unrecognized annotations, or was annotated with a call to `pydantic.Field`.
+
+        Returns:
+            The rebuilt annotation.
+        """
+        if not self.metadata:
+            return self.annotation
+        else:
+            # Annotated arguments must be a tuple
+            return Annotated[(self.annotation, *self.metadata)]  # type: ignore
+
+    def apply_typevars_map(
+        self,
+        typevars_map: Mapping[TypeVar, Any] | None,
+        globalns: GlobalsNamespace | None = None,
+        localns: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Apply a `typevars_map` to the annotation.
+
+        This method is used when analyzing parametrized generic types to replace typevars with their concrete types.
+
+        This method applies the `typevars_map` to the annotation in place.
+
+        Args:
+            typevars_map: A dictionary mapping type variables to their concrete types.
+            globalns: The globals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+            localns: The locals namespace to use during type annotation evaluation.
+
+        See Also:
+            pydantic._internal._generics.replace_types is used for replacing the typevars with
+                their concrete types.
+        """
+        annotation = _generics.replace_types(self.annotation, typevars_map)
+        annotation, evaluated = _typing_extra.try_eval_type(annotation, globalns, localns)
+        self.annotation = annotation
+        if not evaluated:
+            self._complete = False
+            self._original_annotation = self.annotation
+
+    def asdict(self) -> _FieldInfoAsDict:
+        """Return a dictionary representation of the `FieldInfo` instance.
+
+        The returned value is a dictionary with three items:
+
+        * `annotation`: The type annotation of the field.
+        * `metadata`: The metadata list.
+        * `attributes`: A mapping of the remaining `FieldInfo` attributes to their values (e.g. `alias`, `title`).
+        """
+        return {
+            'annotation': self.annotation,
+            'metadata': self.metadata,
+            'attributes': {attr: getattr(self, attr) for attr in _Attrs},
+        }
+
+    def _copy(self) -> Self:
+        """Return a copy of the `FieldInfo` instance."""
+        # Note: we can't define a custom `__copy__()`, as `FieldInfo` is being subclassed
+        # by some third-party libraries with extra attributes defined (and as `FieldInfo`
+        # is slotted, we can't make a copy of the `__dict__`).
+        if type(self) is FieldInfo:
+            # Fast-path if the instance isn't a subclass (`copy.copy()` relies on pickling which is slower):
+            copied = FieldInfo.__new__(FieldInfo)
+            for attr_name in FieldInfo.__slots__:
+                setattr(copied, attr_name, getattr(self, attr_name))
+        else:
+            copied = copy(self)
+
+        for attr_name in ('metadata', '_attributes_set', '_qualifiers'):
+            # Apply "deep-copy" behavior on collections attributes:
+            setattr(copied, attr_name, getattr(copied, attr_name).copy())
+
+        return copied  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> ReprArgs:
+        yield 'annotation', _repr.PlainRepr(_repr.display_as_type(self.annotation))
+        yield 'required', self.is_required()
+
+        for s in self.__slots__:
+            # TODO: properly make use of the protocol (https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/pretty.html#rich-repr-protocol)
+            # By yielding a three-tuple:
+            if s in (
+                'annotation',
+                '_attributes_set',
+                '_qualifiers',
+                '_complete',
+                '_original_assignment',
+                '_original_annotation',
+                '_final',
+            ):
+                continue
+            elif s == 'metadata' and not self.metadata:
+                continue
+            elif s == 'repr' and self.repr is True:
+                continue
+            if s == 'frozen' and self.frozen is False:
+                continue
+            if s == 'validation_alias' and self.validation_alias == self.alias:
+                continue
+            if s == 'serialization_alias' and self.serialization_alias == self.alias:
+                continue
+            if s == 'default' and self.default is not PydanticUndefined:
+                yield 'default', self.default
+            elif s == 'default_factory' and self.default_factory is not None:
+                yield 'default_factory', _repr.PlainRepr(_repr.display_as_type(self.default_factory))
+            else:
+                value = getattr(self, s)
+                if value is not None and value is not PydanticUndefined:
+                    yield s, value
+
+
+class _EmptyKwargs(TypedDict):
+    """This class exists solely to ensure that type checking warns about passing `**extra` in `Field`."""
+
+
+_Attrs = {
+    'default': ...,
+    'default_factory': None,
+    'alias': None,
+    'alias_priority': None,
+    'validation_alias': None,
+    'serialization_alias': None,
+    'title': None,
+    'field_title_generator': None,
+    'description': None,
+    'examples': None,
+    'exclude': None,
+    'exclude_if': None,
+    'discriminator': None,
+    'deprecated': None,
+    'json_schema_extra': None,
+    'frozen': None,
+    'validate_default': None,
+    'repr': True,
+    'init': None,
+    'init_var': None,
+    'kw_only': None,
+}
+
+_DefaultValues = {
+    **_Attrs,
+    'kw_only': None,
+    'pattern': None,
+    'strict': None,
+    'gt': None,
+    'ge': None,
+    'lt': None,
+    'le': None,
+    'multiple_of': None,
+    'allow_inf_nan': None,
+    'max_digits': None,
+    'decimal_places': None,
+    'min_length': None,
+    'max_length': None,
+    'coerce_numbers_to_str': None,
+}
+
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+
+# NOTE: Actual return type is 'FieldInfo', but we want to help type checkers
+# to understand the magic that happens at runtime with the following overloads:
+@overload  # type hint the return value as `Any` to avoid type checking regressions when using `...`.
+def Field(
+    default: ellipsis,  # noqa: F821  # TODO: use `_typing_extra.EllipsisType` when we drop Py3.9
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload  # `default` argument set, validate_default=True (no type checking on the default value)
+def Field(
+    default: Any,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[True],
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload  # `default` argument set, validate_default=False or unset
+def Field(
+    default: _T,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    # NOTE: to get proper type checking on `exclude_if`'s argument, we could use `_T` instead of `Any`. However,
+    # this requires (at least for pyright) adding an additional overload where `exclude_if` is required (otherwise
+    # `a: int = Field(default_factory=str)` results in a false negative).
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[False] = ...,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload  # `default_factory` argument set, validate_default=True  (no type checking on the default value)
+def Field(  # pyright: ignore[reportOverlappingOverload]
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any],
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[True],
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+@overload  # `default_factory` argument set, validate_default=False or unset
+def Field(
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], _T] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], _T],
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    # NOTE: to get proper type checking on `exclude_if`'s argument, we could use `_T` instead of `Any`. However,
+    # this requires (at least for pyright) adding an additional overload where `exclude_if` is required (otherwise
+    # `a: int = Field(default_factory=str)` results in a false negative).
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: Literal[False] | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload
+def Field(  # No default set
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any: ...
+def Field(  # noqa: C901
+    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = _Unset,
+    alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    alias_priority: int | None = _Unset,
+    validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None = _Unset,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = _Unset,
+    title: str | None = _Unset,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, FieldInfo], str] | None = _Unset,
+    description: str | None = _Unset,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = _Unset,
+    exclude: bool | None = _Unset,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = _Unset,
+    discriminator: str | types.Discriminator | None = _Unset,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = _Unset,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = _Unset,
+    frozen: bool | None = _Unset,
+    validate_default: bool | None = _Unset,
+    repr: bool = _Unset,
+    init: bool | None = _Unset,
+    init_var: bool | None = _Unset,
+    kw_only: bool | None = _Unset,
+    pattern: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = _Unset,
+    strict: bool | None = _Unset,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = _Unset,
+    gt: annotated_types.SupportsGt | None = _Unset,
+    ge: annotated_types.SupportsGe | None = _Unset,
+    lt: annotated_types.SupportsLt | None = _Unset,
+    le: annotated_types.SupportsLe | None = _Unset,
+    multiple_of: float | None = _Unset,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = _Unset,
+    max_digits: int | None = _Unset,
+    decimal_places: int | None = _Unset,
+    min_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    max_length: int | None = _Unset,
+    union_mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] = _Unset,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = _Unset,
+    **extra: Unpack[_EmptyKwargs],
+) -> Any:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Fields](../concepts/fields.md)
+
+    Create a field for objects that can be configured.
+
+    Used to provide extra information about a field, either for the model schema or complex validation. Some arguments
+    apply only to number fields (`int`, `float`, `Decimal`) and some apply only to `str`.
+
+    Note:
+        - Any `_Unset` objects will be replaced by the corresponding value defined in the `_DefaultValues` dictionary. If a key for the `_Unset` object is not found in the `_DefaultValues` dictionary, it will default to `None`
+
+    Args:
+        default: Default value if the field is not set.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the already validated data.
+        alias: The name to use for the attribute when validating or serializing by alias.
+            This is often used for things like converting between snake and camel case.
+        alias_priority: Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+        validation_alias: Like `alias`, but only affects validation, not serialization.
+        serialization_alias: Like `alias`, but only affects serialization, not validation.
+        title: Human-readable title.
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: Human-readable description.
+        examples: Example values for this field.
+        exclude: Whether to exclude the field from the model serialization.
+        exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude a field during serialization based on its value.
+        discriminator: Field name or Discriminator for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
+            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen. If true, attempts to change the value on an instance will raise an error.
+        validate_default: If `True`, apply validation to the default value every time you create an instance.
+            Otherwise, for performance reasons, the default value of the field is trusted and not validated.
+        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the `__repr__` output.
+        init: Whether the field should be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
+            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
+        init_var: Whether the field should _only_ be included in the constructor of the dataclass.
+            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
+        kw_only: Whether the field should be a keyword-only argument in the constructor of the dataclass.
+            (Only applies to dataclasses.)
+        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
+        strict: If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field.
+            See [Strict Mode](../concepts/strict_mode.md) for details.
+        gt: Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        ge: Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        lt: Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        le: Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        multiple_of: Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers.
+        min_length: Minimum length for iterables.
+        max_length: Maximum length for iterables.
+        pattern: Pattern for strings (a regular expression).
+        allow_inf_nan: Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to float and [`Decimal`][decimal.Decimal] numbers.
+        max_digits: Maximum number of allow digits for strings.
+        decimal_places: Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers.
+        union_mode: The strategy to apply when validating a union. Can be `smart` (the default), or `left_to_right`.
+            See [Union Mode](../concepts/unions.md#union-modes) for details.
+        fail_fast: If `True`, validation will stop on the first error. If `False`, all validation errors will be collected.
+            This option can be applied only to iterable types (list, tuple, set, and frozenset).
+        extra: (Deprecated) Extra fields that will be included in the JSON schema.
+
+            !!! warning Deprecated
+                The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead.
+
+    Returns:
+        A new [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo]. The return annotation is `Any` so `Field` can be used on
+            type-annotated fields without causing a type error.
+    """
+    # Check deprecated and removed params from V1. This logic should eventually be removed.
+    const = extra.pop('const', None)  # type: ignore
+    if const is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError('`const` is removed, use `Literal` instead', code='removed-kwargs')
+
+    min_items = extra.pop('min_items', None)  # type: ignore
+    if min_items is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`min_items` is deprecated and will be removed, use `min_length` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if min_length in (None, _Unset):
+            min_length = min_items  # type: ignore
+
+    max_items = extra.pop('max_items', None)  # type: ignore
+    if max_items is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`max_items` is deprecated and will be removed, use `max_length` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if max_length in (None, _Unset):
+            max_length = max_items  # type: ignore
+
+    unique_items = extra.pop('unique_items', None)  # type: ignore
+    if unique_items is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            (
+                '`unique_items` is removed, use `Set` instead'
+                '(this feature is discussed in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296)'
+            ),
+            code='removed-kwargs',
+        )
+
+    allow_mutation = extra.pop('allow_mutation', None)  # type: ignore
+    if allow_mutation is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`allow_mutation` is deprecated and will be removed. use `frozen` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if allow_mutation is False:
+            frozen = True
+
+    regex = extra.pop('regex', None)  # type: ignore
+    if regex is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError('`regex` is removed. use `pattern` instead', code='removed-kwargs')
+
+    if extra:
+        warn(
+            'Using extra keyword arguments on `Field` is deprecated and will be removed.'
+            ' Use `json_schema_extra` instead.'
+            f' (Extra keys: {", ".join(k.__repr__() for k in extra.keys())})',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if not json_schema_extra or json_schema_extra is _Unset:
+            json_schema_extra = extra  # type: ignore
+
+    if (
+        validation_alias
+        and validation_alias is not _Unset
+        and not isinstance(validation_alias, (str, AliasChoices, AliasPath))
+    ):
+        raise TypeError('Invalid `validation_alias` type. it should be `str`, `AliasChoices`, or `AliasPath`')
+
+    if serialization_alias in (_Unset, None) and isinstance(alias, str):
+        serialization_alias = alias
+
+    if validation_alias in (_Unset, None):
+        validation_alias = alias
+
+    include = extra.pop('include', None)  # type: ignore
+    if include is not None:
+        warn(
+            '`include` is deprecated and does nothing. It will be removed, use `exclude` instead',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return FieldInfo.from_field(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        alias_priority=alias_priority,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        title=title,
+        field_title_generator=field_title_generator,
+        description=description,
+        examples=examples,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        exclude_if=exclude_if,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        pattern=pattern,
+        validate_default=validate_default,
+        repr=repr,
+        init=init,
+        init_var=init_var,
+        kw_only=kw_only,
+        coerce_numbers_to_str=coerce_numbers_to_str,
+        strict=strict,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        union_mode=union_mode,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+    )
+
+
+_FIELD_ARG_NAMES = set(inspect.signature(Field).parameters)
+_FIELD_ARG_NAMES.remove('extra')  # do not include the varkwargs parameter
+
+
+class ModelPrivateAttr(_repr.Representation):
+    """A descriptor for private attributes in class models.
+
+    !!! warning
+        You generally shouldn't be creating `ModelPrivateAttr` instances directly, instead use
+        `pydantic.fields.PrivateAttr`. (This is similar to `FieldInfo` vs. `Field`.)
+
+    Attributes:
+        default: The default value of the attribute if not provided.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the validated data (the model's
+            [`__dict__`][object.__dict__]) and the already initialized private attributes.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ('default', 'default_factory')
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+        *,
+        default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if default is Ellipsis:
+            self.default = PydanticUndefined
+        else:
+            self.default = default
+        self.default_factory = default_factory
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            """This function improves compatibility with custom descriptors by ensuring delegation happens
+            as expected when the default value of a private attribute is a descriptor.
+            """
+            if item in {'__get__', '__set__', '__delete__'}:
+                if hasattr(self.default, item):
+                    return getattr(self.default, item)
+            raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
+
+    def __set_name__(self, cls: type[Any], name: str) -> None:
+        """Preserve `__set_name__` protocol defined in https://peps.python.org/pep-0487."""
+        default = self.default
+        if default is PydanticUndefined:
+            return
+        set_name = getattr(default, '__set_name__', None)
+        if callable(set_name):
+            set_name(cls, name)
+
+    @property
+    def default_factory_takes_validated_data(self) -> bool | None:
+        """Whether the provided default factory callable has a validated data parameter.
+
+        Returns `None` if no default factory is set.
+        """
+        if self.default_factory is not None:
+            return _fields.takes_validated_data_argument(self.default_factory)
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(
+        self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[True], validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: Literal[False] = ...) -> Any: ...
+
+    def get_default(self, *, call_default_factory: bool = False, validated_data: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Any:
+        """Get the default value.
+
+        We expose an option for whether to call the default_factory (if present), as calling it may
+        result in side effects that we want to avoid. However, there are times when it really should
+        be called (namely, when instantiating a model via `model_construct`).
+
+        Args:
+            call_default_factory: Whether to call the default factory or not.
+            validated_data: The already validated data to be passed to the default factory.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value, calling the default factory if requested or `None` if not set.
+        """
+        return _fields.resolve_default_value(
+            default=self.default,
+            default_factory=self.default_factory,
+            validated_data=validated_data,
+            call_default_factory=call_default_factory,
+        )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and (self.default, self.default_factory) == (
+            other.default,
+            other.default_factory,
+        )
+
+
+# NOTE: Actual return type is 'ModelPrivateAttr', but we want to help type checkers
+# to understand the magic that happens at runtime.
+@overload  # `default` argument set
+def PrivateAttr(
+    default: _T,
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload  # `default_factory` argument set
+def PrivateAttr(
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], _T] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], _T],
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload  # No default set
+def PrivateAttr(
+    *,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> Any: ...
+def PrivateAttr(
+    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Callable[[], Any] | Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = None,
+    init: Literal[False] = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Private Model Attributes](../concepts/models.md#private-model-attributes)
+
+    Indicates that an attribute is intended for private use and not handled during normal validation/serialization.
+
+    Private attributes are not validated by Pydantic, so it's up to you to ensure they are used in a type-safe manner.
+
+    Private attributes are stored in `__private_attributes__` on the model.
+
+    Args:
+        default: The attribute's default value. Defaults to Undefined.
+        default_factory: A callable to generate the default value. The callable can either take 0 arguments
+            (in which case it is called as is) or a single argument containing the validated data (the model's
+            [`__dict__`][object.__dict__]) and the already initialized private attributes.
+            If both `default` and `default_factory` are set, an error will be raised.
+        init: Whether the attribute should be included in the constructor of the dataclass. Always `False`.
+
+    Returns:
+        An instance of [`ModelPrivateAttr`][pydantic.fields.ModelPrivateAttr] class.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If both `default` and `default_factory` are set.
+    """
+    if default is not PydanticUndefined and default_factory is not None:
+        raise TypeError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+    return ModelPrivateAttr(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+    )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class ComputedFieldInfo:
+    """A container for data from `@computed_field` so that we can access it while building the pydantic-core schema.
+
+    Attributes:
+        decorator_repr: A class variable representing the decorator string, '@computed_field'.
+        wrapped_property: The wrapped computed field property.
+        return_type: The type of the computed field property's return value.
+        alias: The alias of the property to be used during serialization.
+        alias_priority: The priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used.
+        title: Title of the computed field to include in the serialization JSON schema.
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: Description of the computed field to include in the serialization JSON schema.
+        deprecated: A deprecation message, an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport,
+            or a boolean. If `True`, a default deprecation message will be emitted when accessing the field.
+        examples: Example values of the computed field to include in the serialization JSON schema.
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        repr: A boolean indicating whether to include the field in the __repr__ output.
+    """
+
+    decorator_repr: ClassVar[str] = '@computed_field'
+    wrapped_property: property
+    return_type: Any
+    alias: str | None
+    alias_priority: int | None
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None
+    title: str | None
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None
+    description: str | None
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None
+    examples: list[Any] | None
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None
+    repr: bool
+    # NOTE: if you add a new field, add it to the `__copy__()` implementation.
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
+        return type(self)(
+            wrapped_property=self.wrapped_property,
+            return_type=self.return_type,
+            alias=self.alias,
+            alias_priority=self.alias_priority,
+            exclude_if=self.exclude_if,
+            title=self.title,
+            field_title_generator=self.field_title_generator,
+            description=self.description,
+            deprecated=self.deprecated,
+            examples=self.examples.copy() if isinstance(self.examples, list) else self.examples,
+            json_schema_extra=self.json_schema_extra.copy()
+            if isinstance(self.json_schema_extra, dict)
+            else self.json_schema_extra,
+            repr=self.repr,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def deprecation_message(self) -> str | None:
+        """The deprecation message to be emitted, or `None` if not set."""
+        if self.deprecated is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(self.deprecated, bool):
+            return 'deprecated' if self.deprecated else None
+        return self.deprecated if isinstance(self.deprecated, str) else self.deprecated.message
+
+    def _update_from_config(self, config_wrapper: ConfigWrapper, name: str) -> None:
+        """Update the instance from the configuration set on the class this computed field belongs to."""
+        title_generator = self.field_title_generator or config_wrapper.field_title_generator
+        if title_generator is not None and self.title is None:
+            self.title = title_generator(name, self)
+        if config_wrapper.alias_generator is not None:
+            self._apply_alias_generator(config_wrapper.alias_generator, name)
+
+    def _apply_alias_generator(self, alias_generator: Callable[[str], str] | AliasGenerator, name: str) -> None:
+        """Apply an alias generator to aliases if appropriate.
+
+        Args:
+            alias_generator: A callable that takes a string and returns a string, or an `AliasGenerator` instance.
+            name: The name of the computed field from which to generate the alias.
+        """
+        # Apply an alias_generator if
+        # 1. An alias is not specified
+        # 2. An alias is specified, but the priority is <= 1
+
+        if self.alias_priority is None or self.alias_priority <= 1 or self.alias is None:
+            alias, _, serialization_alias = None, None, None
+
+            if isinstance(alias_generator, AliasGenerator):
+                alias, _, serialization_alias = alias_generator.generate_aliases(name)
+            elif callable(alias_generator):
+                alias = alias_generator(name)
+
+            # if priority is not set, we set to 1
+            # which supports the case where the alias_generator from a child class is used
+            # to generate an alias for a field in a parent class
+            if self.alias_priority is None or self.alias_priority <= 1:
+                self.alias_priority = 1
+
+            # if the priority is 1, then we set the aliases to the generated alias
+            # note that we use the serialization_alias with priority over alias, as computed_field
+            # aliases are used for serialization only (not validation)
+            if self.alias_priority == 1:
+                self.alias = _utils.get_first_not_none(serialization_alias, alias)
+
+
+def _wrapped_property_is_private(property_: cached_property | property) -> bool:  # type: ignore
+    """Returns true if provided property is private, False otherwise."""
+    wrapped_name: str = ''
+
+    if isinstance(property_, property):
+        wrapped_name = getattr(property_.fget, '__name__', '')
+    elif isinstance(property_, cached_property):  # type: ignore
+        wrapped_name = getattr(property_.func, '__name__', '')  # type: ignore
+
+    return wrapped_name.startswith('_') and not wrapped_name.startswith('__')
+
+
+# this should really be `property[T], cached_property[T]` but property is not generic unlike cached_property
+# See https://github.com/python/typing/issues/985 and linked issues
+PropertyT = TypeVar('PropertyT')
+
+
+@overload
+def computed_field(func: PropertyT, /) -> PropertyT: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def computed_field(
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    alias_priority: int | None = None,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = None,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> Callable[[PropertyT], PropertyT]: ...
+
+
+def computed_field(
+    func: PropertyT | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    alias_priority: int | None = None,
+    exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    field_title_generator: Callable[[str, ComputedFieldInfo], str] | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    deprecated: Deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
+    examples: list[Any] | None = None,
+    json_schema_extra: JsonDict | Callable[[JsonDict], None] | None = None,
+    repr: bool | None = None,
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> PropertyT | Callable[[PropertyT], PropertyT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [The `computed_field` decorator](../concepts/fields.md#the-computed_field-decorator)
+
+    Decorator to include `property` and `cached_property` when serializing models or dataclasses.
+
+    This is useful for fields that are computed from other fields, or for fields that are expensive to compute and should be cached.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Rectangle(BaseModel):
+        width: int
+        length: int
+
+        @computed_field
+        @property
+        def area(self) -> int:
+            return self.width * self.length
+
+    print(Rectangle(width=3, length=2).model_dump())
+    #> {'width': 3, 'length': 2, 'area': 6}
+    ```
+
+    If applied to functions not yet decorated with `@property` or `@cached_property`, the function is
+    automatically wrapped with `property`. Although this is more concise, you will lose IntelliSense in your IDE,
+    and confuse static type checkers, thus explicit use of `@property` is recommended.
+
+    !!! warning "Mypy Warning"
+        Even with the `@property` or `@cached_property` applied to your function before `@computed_field`,
+        mypy may throw a `Decorated property not supported` error.
+        See [mypy issue #1362](https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1362), for more information.
+        To avoid this error message, add `# type: ignore[prop-decorator]` to the `@computed_field` line.
+
+        [pyright](https://github.com/microsoft/pyright) supports `@computed_field` without error.
+
+    ```python
+    import random
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Square(BaseModel):
+        width: float
+
+        @computed_field
+        def area(self) -> float:  # converted to a `property` by `computed_field`
+            return round(self.width**2, 2)
+
+        @area.setter
+        def area(self, new_area: float) -> None:
+            self.width = new_area**0.5
+
+        @computed_field(alias='the magic number', repr=False)
+        def random_number(self) -> int:
+            return random.randint(0, 1_000)
+
+    square = Square(width=1.3)
+
+    # `random_number` does not appear in representation
+    print(repr(square))
+    #> Square(width=1.3, area=1.69)
+
+    print(square.random_number)
+    #> 3
+
+    square.area = 4
+
+    print(square.model_dump_json(by_alias=True))
+    #> {"width":2.0,"area":4.0,"the magic number":3}
+    ```
+
+    !!! warning "Overriding with `computed_field`"
+        You can't override a field from a parent class with a `computed_field` in the child class.
+        `mypy` complains about this behavior if allowed, and `dataclasses` doesn't allow this pattern either.
+        See the example below:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Parent(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+
+    try:
+
+        class Child(Parent):
+            @computed_field
+            @property
+            def a(self) -> str:
+                return 'new a'
+
+    except TypeError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        Field 'a' of class 'Child' overrides symbol of same name in a parent class. This override with a computed_field is incompatible.
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    Private properties decorated with `@computed_field` have `repr=False` by default.
+
+    ```python
+    from functools import cached_property
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, computed_field
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        foo: int
+
+        @computed_field
+        @cached_property
+        def _private_cached_property(self) -> int:
+            return -self.foo
+
+        @computed_field
+        @property
+        def _private_property(self) -> int:
+            return -self.foo
+
+    m = Model(foo=1)
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> Model(foo=1)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        func: the function to wrap.
+        alias: alias to use when serializing this computed field, only used when `by_alias=True`
+        alias_priority: priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used
+        exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude this computed field during serialization based on its value.
+        title: Title to use when including this computed field in JSON Schema
+        field_title_generator: A callable that takes a field name and returns title for it.
+        description: Description to use when including this computed field in JSON Schema, defaults to the function's
+            docstring
+        deprecated: A deprecation message (or an instance of `warnings.deprecated` or the `typing_extensions.deprecated` backport).
+            to be emitted when accessing the field. Or a boolean. This will automatically be set if the property is decorated with the
+            `deprecated` decorator.
+        examples: Example values to use when including this computed field in JSON Schema
+        json_schema_extra: A dict or callable to provide extra JSON schema properties.
+        repr: whether to include this computed field in model repr.
+            Default is `False` for private properties and `True` for public properties.
+        return_type: optional return for serialization logic to expect when serializing to JSON, if included
+            this must be correct, otherwise a `TypeError` is raised.
+            If you don't include a return type Any is used, which does runtime introspection to handle arbitrary
+            objects.
+
+    Returns:
+        A proxy wrapper for the property.
+    """
+
+    def dec(f: Any) -> Any:
+        nonlocal description, deprecated, return_type, alias_priority
+        unwrapped = _decorators.unwrap_wrapped_function(f)
+
+        if description is None and unwrapped.__doc__:
+            description = inspect.cleandoc(unwrapped.__doc__)
+
+        if deprecated is None and hasattr(unwrapped, '__deprecated__'):
+            deprecated = unwrapped.__deprecated__
+
+        # if the function isn't already decorated with `@property` (or another descriptor), then we wrap it now
+        f = _decorators.ensure_property(f)
+        alias_priority = (alias_priority or 2) if alias is not None else None
+
+        if repr is None:
+            repr_: bool = not _wrapped_property_is_private(property_=f)
+        else:
+            repr_ = repr
+
+        dec_info = ComputedFieldInfo(
+            f,
+            return_type,
+            alias,
+            alias_priority,
+            exclude_if,
+            title,
+            field_title_generator,
+            description,
+            deprecated,
+            examples,
+            json_schema_extra,
+            repr_,
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    if func is None:
+        return dec
+    else:
+        return dec(func)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_serializers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_serializers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed63336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_serializers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+"""This module contains related classes and functions for serialization."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from functools import partial, partialmethod
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, overload
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, core_schema
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import SerializationInfo, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, WhenUsed
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+
+from . import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from ._internal import _decorators, _internal_dataclass
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class PlainSerializer:
+    """Plain serializers use a function to modify the output of serialization.
+
+    This is particularly helpful when you want to customize the serialization for annotated types.
+    Consider an input of `list`, which will be serialized into a space-delimited string.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, PlainSerializer
+
+    CustomStr = Annotated[
+        list, PlainSerializer(lambda x: ' '.join(x), return_type=str)
+    ]
+
+    class StudentModel(BaseModel):
+        courses: CustomStr
+
+    student = StudentModel(courses=['Math', 'Chemistry', 'English'])
+    print(student.model_dump())
+    #> {'courses': 'Math Chemistry English'}
+    ```
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The serializer function.
+        return_type: The return type for the function. If omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+        when_used: Determines when this serializer should be used. Accepts a string with values `'always'`,
+            `'unless-none'`, `'json'`, and `'json-unless-none'`. Defaults to 'always'.
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.SerializerFunction
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always'
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """Gets the Pydantic core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: The source type.
+            handler: The `GetCoreSchemaHandler` instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            The Pydantic core schema.
+        """
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        if self.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+            return_type = self.return_type
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                    self.func,
+                    localns=handler._get_types_namespace().locals,
+                )
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+        return_schema = None if return_type is PydanticUndefined else handler.generate_schema(return_type)
+        schema['serialization'] = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            function=self.func,
+            info_arg=_decorators.inspect_annotated_serializer(self.func, 'plain'),
+            return_schema=return_schema,
+            when_used=self.when_used,
+        )
+        return schema
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class WrapSerializer:
+    """Wrap serializers receive the raw inputs along with a handler function that applies the standard serialization
+    logic, and can modify the resulting value before returning it as the final output of serialization.
+
+    For example, here's a scenario in which a wrap serializer transforms timezones to UTC **and** utilizes the existing `datetime` serialization logic.
+
+    ```python
+    from datetime import datetime, timezone
+    from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, WrapSerializer
+
+    class EventDatetime(BaseModel):
+        start: datetime
+        end: datetime
+
+    def convert_to_utc(value: Any, handler, info) -> dict[str, datetime]:
+        # Note that `handler` can actually help serialize the `value` for
+        # further custom serialization in case it's a subclass.
+        partial_result = handler(value, info)
+        if info.mode == 'json':
+            return {
+                k: datetime.fromisoformat(v).astimezone(timezone.utc)
+                for k, v in partial_result.items()
+            }
+        return {k: v.astimezone(timezone.utc) for k, v in partial_result.items()}
+
+    UTCEventDatetime = Annotated[EventDatetime, WrapSerializer(convert_to_utc)]
+
+    class EventModel(BaseModel):
+        event_datetime: UTCEventDatetime
+
+    dt = EventDatetime(
+        start='2024-01-01T07:00:00-08:00', end='2024-01-03T20:00:00+06:00'
+    )
+    event = EventModel(event_datetime=dt)
+    print(event.model_dump())
+    '''
+    {
+        'event_datetime': {
+            'start': datetime.datetime(
+                2024, 1, 1, 15, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+            'end': datetime.datetime(
+                2024, 1, 3, 14, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+    '''
+
+    print(event.model_dump_json())
+    '''
+    {"event_datetime":{"start":"2024-01-01T15:00:00Z","end":"2024-01-03T14:00:00Z"}}
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The serializer function to be wrapped.
+        return_type: The return type for the function. If omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+        when_used: Determines when this serializer should be used. Accepts a string with values `'always'`,
+            `'unless-none'`, `'json'`, and `'json-unless-none'`. Defaults to 'always'.
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.WrapSerializerFunction
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always'
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        """This method is used to get the Pydantic core schema of the class.
+
+        Args:
+            source_type: Source type.
+            handler: Core schema handler.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated core schema of the class.
+        """
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        if self.return_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+            return_type = self.return_type
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Do not pass in globals as the function could be defined in a different module.
+                # Instead, let `get_callable_return_type` infer the globals to use, but still pass
+                # in locals that may contain a parent/rebuild namespace:
+                return_type = _decorators.get_callable_return_type(
+                    self.func,
+                    localns=handler._get_types_namespace().locals,
+                )
+            except NameError as e:
+                raise PydanticUndefinedAnnotation.from_name_error(e) from e
+
+        return_schema = None if return_type is PydanticUndefined else handler.generate_schema(return_type)
+        schema['serialization'] = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+            function=self.func,
+            info_arg=_decorators.inspect_annotated_serializer(self.func, 'wrap'),
+            return_schema=return_schema,
+            when_used=self.when_used,
+        )
+        return schema
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    _Partial: TypeAlias = 'partial[Any] | partialmethod[Any]'
+
+    FieldPlainSerializer: TypeAlias = 'core_schema.SerializerFunction | _Partial'
+    """A field serializer method or function in `plain` mode."""
+
+    FieldWrapSerializer: TypeAlias = 'core_schema.WrapSerializerFunction | _Partial'
+    """A field serializer method or function in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    FieldSerializer: TypeAlias = 'FieldPlainSerializer | FieldWrapSerializer'
+    """A field serializer method or function."""
+
+    _FieldPlainSerializerT = TypeVar('_FieldPlainSerializerT', bound=FieldPlainSerializer)
+    _FieldWrapSerializerT = TypeVar('_FieldWrapSerializerT', bound=FieldWrapSerializer)
+
+
+@overload
+def field_serializer(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['wrap'],
+    return_type: Any = ...,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = ...,
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_FieldWrapSerializerT], _FieldWrapSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def field_serializer(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['plain'] = ...,
+    return_type: Any = ...,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = ...,
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_FieldPlainSerializerT], _FieldPlainSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+def field_serializer(  # noqa: D417
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap'] = 'plain',
+    # TODO PEP 747 (grep for 'return_type' on the whole code base):
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+    check_fields: bool | None = None,
+) -> (
+    Callable[[_FieldWrapSerializerT], _FieldWrapSerializerT]
+    | Callable[[_FieldPlainSerializerT], _FieldPlainSerializerT]
+):
+    """Decorator that enables custom field serialization.
+
+    In the below example, a field of type `set` is used to mitigate duplication. A `field_serializer` is used to serialize the data as a sorted list.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, field_serializer
+
+    class StudentModel(BaseModel):
+        name: str = 'Jane'
+        courses: set[str]
+
+        @field_serializer('courses', when_used='json')
+        def serialize_courses_in_order(self, courses: set[str]):
+            return sorted(courses)
+
+    student = StudentModel(courses={'Math', 'Chemistry', 'English'})
+    print(student.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"name":"Jane","courses":["Chemistry","English","Math"]}
+    ```
+
+    See [the usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializers) for more information.
+
+    Four signatures are supported for the decorated serializer:
+
+    - `(self, value: Any, info: FieldSerializationInfo)`
+    - `(self, value: Any, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: FieldSerializationInfo)`
+    - `(value: Any, info: SerializationInfo)`
+    - `(value: Any, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo)`
+
+    Args:
+        *fields: The field names the serializer should apply to.
+        mode: The serialization mode.
+
+            - `plain` means the function will be called instead of the default serialization logic,
+            - `wrap` means the function will be called with an argument to optionally call the
+               default serialization logic.
+        return_type: Optional return type for the function, if omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+        when_used: Determines the serializer will be used for serialization.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If the decorator is used without any arguments (at least one field name must be provided).
+            - If the provided field names are not strings.
+    """
+    if callable(field) or isinstance(field, classmethod):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The `@field_serializer` decorator cannot be used without arguments, at least one field must be provided. '
+            "For example: `@field_serializer('<field_name>', ...)`.",
+            code='decorator-missing-arguments',
+        )
+
+    fields = field, *fields
+    if not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The provided field names to the `@field_serializer` decorator should be strings. '
+            "For example: `@field_serializer('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...).`",
+            code='decorator-invalid-fields',
+        )
+
+    def dec(f: FieldSerializer) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        dec_info = _decorators.FieldSerializerDecoratorInfo(
+            fields=fields,
+            mode=mode,
+            return_type=return_type,
+            when_used=when_used,
+            check_fields=check_fields,
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+    return dec  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # The first argument in the following callables represent the `self` type:
+
+    ModelPlainSerializerWithInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+    """A model serializer method with the `info` argument, in `plain` mode."""
+
+    ModelPlainSerializerWithoutInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any], Any]
+    """A model serializer method without the `info` argument, in `plain` mode."""
+
+    ModelPlainSerializer: TypeAlias = 'ModelPlainSerializerWithInfo | ModelPlainSerializerWithoutInfo'
+    """A model serializer method in `plain` mode."""
+
+    ModelWrapSerializerWithInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+    """A model serializer method with the `info` argument, in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    ModelWrapSerializerWithoutInfo: TypeAlias = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+    """A model serializer method without the `info` argument, in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    ModelWrapSerializer: TypeAlias = 'ModelWrapSerializerWithInfo | ModelWrapSerializerWithoutInfo'
+    """A model serializer method in `wrap` mode."""
+
+    ModelSerializer: TypeAlias = 'ModelPlainSerializer | ModelWrapSerializer'
+
+    _ModelPlainSerializerT = TypeVar('_ModelPlainSerializerT', bound=ModelPlainSerializer)
+    _ModelWrapSerializerT = TypeVar('_ModelWrapSerializerT', bound=ModelWrapSerializer)
+
+
+@overload
+def model_serializer(f: _ModelPlainSerializerT, /) -> _ModelPlainSerializerT: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_serializer(
+    *, mode: Literal['wrap'], when_used: WhenUsed = 'always', return_type: Any = ...
+) -> Callable[[_ModelWrapSerializerT], _ModelWrapSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_serializer(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['plain'] = ...,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+    return_type: Any = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_ModelPlainSerializerT], _ModelPlainSerializerT]: ...
+
+
+def model_serializer(
+    f: _ModelPlainSerializerT | _ModelWrapSerializerT | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['plain', 'wrap'] = 'plain',
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+    return_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> (
+    _ModelPlainSerializerT
+    | Callable[[_ModelWrapSerializerT], _ModelWrapSerializerT]
+    | Callable[[_ModelPlainSerializerT], _ModelPlainSerializerT]
+):
+    """Decorator that enables custom model serialization.
+
+    This is useful when a model need to be serialized in a customized manner, allowing for flexibility beyond just specific fields.
+
+    An example would be to serialize temperature to the same temperature scale, such as degrees Celsius.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Literal
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, model_serializer
+
+    class TemperatureModel(BaseModel):
+        unit: Literal['C', 'F']
+        value: int
+
+        @model_serializer()
+        def serialize_model(self):
+            if self.unit == 'F':
+                return {'unit': 'C', 'value': int((self.value - 32) / 1.8)}
+            return {'unit': self.unit, 'value': self.value}
+
+    temperature = TemperatureModel(unit='F', value=212)
+    print(temperature.model_dump())
+    #> {'unit': 'C', 'value': 100}
+    ```
+
+    Two signatures are supported for `mode='plain'`, which is the default:
+
+    - `(self)`
+    - `(self, info: SerializationInfo)`
+
+    And two other signatures for `mode='wrap'`:
+
+    - `(self, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler)`
+    - `(self, nxt: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo)`
+
+        See [the usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializers) for more information.
+
+    Args:
+        f: The function to be decorated.
+        mode: The serialization mode.
+
+            - `'plain'` means the function will be called instead of the default serialization logic
+            - `'wrap'` means the function will be called with an argument to optionally call the default
+                serialization logic.
+        when_used: Determines when this serializer should be used.
+        return_type: The return type for the function. If omitted it will be inferred from the type annotation.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decorator function.
+    """
+
+    def dec(f: ModelSerializer) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        dec_info = _decorators.ModelSerializerDecoratorInfo(mode=mode, return_type=return_type, when_used=when_used)
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    if f is None:
+        return dec  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+    else:
+        return dec(f)  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SerializeAsAny = Annotated[AnyType, ...]  # SerializeAsAny[list[str]] will be treated by type checkers as list[str]
+    """Annotation used to mark a type as having duck-typing serialization behavior.
+
+    See [usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializing-with-duck-typing) for more details.
+    """
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class SerializeAsAny:
+        """Annotation used to mark a type as having duck-typing serialization behavior.
+
+        See [usage documentation](../concepts/serialization.md#serializing-with-duck-typing) for more details.
+        """
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> Any:
+            return Annotated[item, SerializeAsAny()]
+
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            schema = handler(source_type)
+            schema_to_update = schema
+            while schema_to_update['type'] == 'definitions':
+                schema_to_update = schema_to_update.copy()
+                schema_to_update = schema_to_update['schema']
+            schema_to_update['serialization'] = core_schema.simple_ser_schema('any')
+            return schema
+
+        __hash__ = object.__hash__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..558e99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/functional_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,889 @@
+"""This module contains related classes and functions for validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import sys
+import warnings
+from functools import partialmethod
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, Union, cast, overload
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias
+
+from ._internal import _decorators, _generics, _internal_dataclass
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .version import version_short
+from .warnings import ArbitraryTypeWarning, PydanticDeprecatedSince212
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import Protocol
+else:
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+_inspect_validator = _decorators.inspect_validator
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class AfterValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *after* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-after-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **after** the inner validation logic.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic import AfterValidator, BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+        MyInt = Annotated[int, AfterValidator(lambda v: v + 1)]
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: MyInt
+
+        print(Model(a=1).a)
+        #> 2
+
+        try:
+            Model(a='a')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e.json(indent=2))
+            '''
+            [
+              {
+                "type": "int_parsing",
+                "loc": [
+                  "a"
+                ],
+                "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
+                "input": "a",
+                "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/int_parsing"
+              }
+            ]
+            '''
+        ```
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='after', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(func, schema=schema)
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(func, schema=schema)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(func=decorator.func)
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class BeforeValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *before* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-before-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **before** the inner validation logic.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type used to generate the appropriate
+            JSON Schema (in validation mode). The actual input type is `Any`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, BeforeValidator
+
+        MyInt = Annotated[int, BeforeValidator(lambda v: v + 1)]
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: MyInt
+
+        print(Model(a=1).a)
+        #> 2
+
+        try:
+            Model(a='a')
+        except TypeError as e:
+            print(e)
+            #> can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
+        ```
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        input_schema = (
+            None
+            if self.json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined
+            else handler.generate_schema(self.json_schema_input_type)
+        )
+
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='before', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(
+                func,
+                schema=schema,
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(
+                func, schema=schema, json_schema_input_schema=input_schema
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            func=decorator.func,
+            json_schema_input_type=decorator.info.json_schema_input_type,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class PlainValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *plain* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-plain-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **instead** of the inner validation logic.
+
+    !!! note
+        Before v2.9, `PlainValidator` wasn't always compatible with JSON Schema generation for `mode='validation'`.
+        You can now use the `json_schema_input_type` argument to specify the input type of the function
+        to be used in the JSON schema when `mode='validation'` (the default). See the example below for more details.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type used to generate the appropriate
+            JSON Schema (in validation mode). The actual input type is `Any`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated, Union
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, PlainValidator
+
+        def validate(v: object) -> int:
+            if not isinstance(v, (int, str)):
+                raise ValueError(f'Expected int or str, got {type(v)}')
+
+            return int(v) + 1
+
+        MyInt = Annotated[
+            int,
+            PlainValidator(validate, json_schema_input_type=Union[str, int]),  # (1)!
+        ]
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: MyInt
+
+        print(Model(a='1').a)
+        #> 2
+
+        print(Model(a=1).a)
+        #> 2
+        ```
+
+        1. In this example, we've specified the `json_schema_input_type` as `Union[str, int]` which indicates to the JSON schema
+        generator that in validation mode, the input type for the `a` field can be either a [`str`][] or an [`int`][].
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = Any
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        # Note that for some valid uses of PlainValidator, it is not possible to generate a core schema for the
+        # source_type, so calling `handler(source_type)` will error, which prevents us from generating a proper
+        # serialization schema. To work around this for use cases that will not involve serialization, we simply
+        # catch any PydanticSchemaGenerationError that may be raised while attempting to build the serialization schema
+        # and abort any attempts to handle special serialization.
+        from pydantic import PydanticSchemaGenerationError
+
+        try:
+            schema = handler(source_type)
+            # TODO if `schema['serialization']` is one of `'include-exclude-dict/sequence',
+            # schema validation will fail. That's why we use 'type ignore' comments below.
+            serialization = schema.get(
+                'serialization',
+                core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    function=lambda v, h: h(v),
+                    schema=schema,
+                    return_schema=handler.generate_schema(source_type),
+                ),
+            )
+        except PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+            serialization = None
+
+        input_schema = handler.generate_schema(self.json_schema_input_type)
+
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='plain', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(
+                func,
+                serialization=serialization,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                func,
+                serialization=serialization,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            func=decorator.func,
+            json_schema_input_type=decorator.info.json_schema_input_type,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True, **_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class WrapValidator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field *wrap* validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-wrap-validator)
+
+    A metadata class that indicates that a validation should be applied **around** the inner validation logic.
+
+    Attributes:
+        func: The validator function.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type used to generate the appropriate
+            JSON Schema (in validation mode). The actual input type is `Any`.
+
+    ```python
+    from datetime import datetime
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, WrapValidator
+
+    def validate_timestamp(v, handler):
+        if v == 'now':
+            # we don't want to bother with further validation, just return the new value
+            return datetime.now()
+        try:
+            return handler(v)
+        except ValidationError:
+            # validation failed, in this case we want to return a default value
+            return datetime(2000, 1, 1)
+
+    MyTimestamp = Annotated[datetime, WrapValidator(validate_timestamp)]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: MyTimestamp
+
+    print(Model(a='now').a)
+    #> 2032-01-02 03:04:05.000006
+    print(Model(a='invalid').a)
+    #> 2000-01-01 00:00:00
+    ```
+    """
+
+    func: core_schema.NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction | core_schema.WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        input_schema = (
+            None
+            if self.json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined
+            else handler.generate_schema(self.json_schema_input_type)
+        )
+
+        info_arg = _inspect_validator(self.func, mode='wrap', type='field')
+        if info_arg:
+            func = cast(core_schema.WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                func,
+                schema=schema,
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+        else:
+            func = cast(core_schema.NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction, self.func)
+            return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                func,
+                schema=schema,
+                json_schema_input_schema=input_schema,
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_decorator(cls, decorator: _decorators.Decorator[_decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo]) -> Self:
+        return cls(
+            func=decorator.func,
+            json_schema_input_type=decorator.info.json_schema_input_type,
+        )
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    class _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, cls: Any, value: Any, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V2ValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, cls: Any, value: Any, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any], /) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _OnlyValueWrapValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(self, cls: Any, value: Any, handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any: ...
+
+    class _V2WrapValidatorClsMethod(Protocol):
+        def __call__(
+            self,
+            cls: Any,
+            value: Any,
+            handler: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+            info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any],
+            /,
+        ) -> Any: ...
+
+    _V2Validator = Union[
+        _V2ValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+        _OnlyValueValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    ]
+
+    _V2WrapValidator = Union[
+        _V2WrapValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+        _OnlyValueWrapValidatorClsMethod,
+        core_schema.NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+    ]
+
+    _PartialClsOrStaticMethod: TypeAlias = Union[classmethod[Any, Any, Any], staticmethod[Any, Any], partialmethod[Any]]
+
+    _V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType = TypeVar(
+        '_V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType',
+        bound=Union[_V2Validator, _PartialClsOrStaticMethod],
+    )
+    _V2WrapValidatorType = TypeVar('_V2WrapValidatorType', bound=Union[_V2WrapValidator, _PartialClsOrStaticMethod])
+
+FieldValidatorModes: TypeAlias = Literal['before', 'after', 'wrap', 'plain']
+
+
+@overload
+def field_validator(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['wrap'],
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_V2WrapValidatorType], _V2WrapValidatorType]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def field_validator(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['before', 'plain'],
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType], _V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def field_validator(
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: Literal['after'] = ...,
+    check_fields: bool | None = ...,
+) -> Callable[[_V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType], _V2BeforeAfterOrPlainValidatorType]: ...
+
+
+def field_validator(  # noqa: D417
+    field: str,
+    /,
+    *fields: str,
+    mode: FieldValidatorModes = 'after',
+    check_fields: bool | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_type: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [field validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-validators)
+
+    Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields.
+
+    Example usage:
+    ```python
+    from typing import Any
+
+    from pydantic import (
+        BaseModel,
+        ValidationError,
+        field_validator,
+    )
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        a: str
+
+        @field_validator('a')
+        @classmethod
+        def ensure_foobar(cls, v: Any):
+            if 'foobar' not in v:
+                raise ValueError('"foobar" not found in a')
+            return v
+
+    print(repr(Model(a='this is foobar good')))
+    #> Model(a='this is foobar good')
+
+    try:
+        Model(a='snap')
+    except ValidationError as exc_info:
+        print(exc_info)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        a
+          Value error, "foobar" not found in a [type=value_error, input_value='snap', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    For more in depth examples, see [Field Validators](../concepts/validators.md#field-validators).
+
+    Args:
+        *fields: The field names the validator should apply to.
+        mode: Specifies whether to validate the fields before or after validation.
+        check_fields: Whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model.
+        json_schema_input_type: The input type of the function. This is only used to generate
+            the appropriate JSON Schema (in validation mode) and can only specified
+            when `mode` is either `'before'`, `'plain'` or `'wrap'`.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError:
+            - If the decorator is used without any arguments (at least one field name must be provided).
+            - If the provided field names are not strings.
+            - If `json_schema_input_type` is provided with an unsupported `mode`.
+            - If the decorator is applied to an instance method.
+    """
+    if callable(field) or isinstance(field, classmethod):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The `@field_validator` decorator cannot be used without arguments, at least one field must be provided. '
+            "For example: `@field_validator('<field_name>', ...)`.",
+            code='decorator-missing-arguments',
+        )
+
+    if mode not in ('before', 'plain', 'wrap') and json_schema_input_type is not PydanticUndefined:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f"`json_schema_input_type` can't be used when mode is set to {mode!r}",
+            code='validator-input-type',
+        )
+
+    if json_schema_input_type is PydanticUndefined and mode == 'plain':
+        json_schema_input_type = Any
+
+    fields = field, *fields
+    if not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            'The provided field names to the `@field_validator` decorator should be strings. '
+            "For example: `@field_validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...).`",
+            code='decorator-invalid-fields',
+        )
+
+    def dec(
+        f: Callable[..., Any] | staticmethod[Any, Any] | classmethod[Any, Any, Any],
+    ) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        if _decorators.is_instance_method_from_sig(f):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'The `@field_validator` decorator cannot be applied to instance methods',
+                code='validator-instance-method',
+            )
+
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator
+        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+
+        dec_info = _decorators.FieldValidatorDecoratorInfo(
+            fields=fields, mode=mode, check_fields=check_fields, json_schema_input_type=json_schema_input_type
+        )
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    return dec
+
+
+_ModelType = TypeVar('_ModelType')
+_ModelTypeCo = TypeVar('_ModelTypeCo', covariant=True)
+
+
+class ModelWrapValidatorHandler(core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, Protocol[_ModelTypeCo]):
+    """`@model_validator` decorated function handler argument type. This is used when `mode='wrap'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        outer_location: str | int | None = None,
+        /,
+    ) -> _ModelTypeCo:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+class ModelWrapValidatorWithoutInfo(Protocol[_ModelType]):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature.
+    This is used when `mode='wrap'` and the function does not have info argument.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: type[_ModelType],
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        handler: ModelWrapValidatorHandler[_ModelType],
+        /,
+    ) -> _ModelType: ...
+
+
+class ModelWrapValidator(Protocol[_ModelType]):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='wrap'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: type[_ModelType],
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        handler: ModelWrapValidatorHandler[_ModelType],
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo,
+        /,
+    ) -> _ModelType: ...
+
+
+class FreeModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature.
+    This is used when `mode='before'` and the function does not have info argument.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class ModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature.
+    This is used when `mode='before'` and the function does not have info argument.
+    """
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: Any,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class FreeModelBeforeValidator(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='before'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any],
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class ModelBeforeValidator(Protocol):
+    """A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='before'`."""
+
+    def __call__(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        cls: Any,
+        # this can be a dict, a model instance
+        # or anything else that gets passed to validate_python
+        # thus validators _must_ handle all cases
+        value: Any,
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any],
+        /,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+
+ModelAfterValidatorWithoutInfo = Callable[[_ModelType], _ModelType]
+"""A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='after'` and the function does not
+have info argument.
+"""
+
+ModelAfterValidator = Callable[[_ModelType, core_schema.ValidationInfo[Any]], _ModelType]
+"""A `@model_validator` decorated function signature. This is used when `mode='after'`."""
+
+_AnyModelWrapValidator = Union[ModelWrapValidator[_ModelType], ModelWrapValidatorWithoutInfo[_ModelType]]
+_AnyModelBeforeValidator = Union[
+    FreeModelBeforeValidator, ModelBeforeValidator, FreeModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo, ModelBeforeValidatorWithoutInfo
+]
+_AnyModelAfterValidator = Union[ModelAfterValidator[_ModelType], ModelAfterValidatorWithoutInfo[_ModelType]]
+
+
+@overload
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['wrap'],
+) -> Callable[
+    [_AnyModelWrapValidator[_ModelType]], _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[_decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['before'],
+) -> Callable[
+    [_AnyModelBeforeValidator], _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[_decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]
+]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['after'],
+) -> Callable[
+    [_AnyModelAfterValidator[_ModelType]], _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[_decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo]
+]: ...
+
+
+def model_validator(
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['wrap', 'before', 'after'],
+) -> Any:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Model Validators](../concepts/validators.md#model-validators)
+
+    Decorate model methods for validation purposes.
+
+    Example usage:
+    ```python
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, model_validator
+
+    class Square(BaseModel):
+        width: float
+        height: float
+
+        @model_validator(mode='after')
+        def verify_square(self) -> Self:
+            if self.width != self.height:
+                raise ValueError('width and height do not match')
+            return self
+
+    s = Square(width=1, height=1)
+    print(repr(s))
+    #> Square(width=1.0, height=1.0)
+
+    try:
+        Square(width=1, height=2)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Square
+          Value error, width and height do not match [type=value_error, input_value={'width': 1, 'height': 2}, input_type=dict]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    For more in depth examples, see [Model Validators](../concepts/validators.md#model-validators).
+
+    Args:
+        mode: A required string literal that specifies the validation mode.
+            It can be one of the following: 'wrap', 'before', or 'after'.
+
+    Returns:
+        A decorator that can be used to decorate a function to be used as a model validator.
+    """
+
+    def dec(f: Any) -> _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy[Any]:
+        # auto apply the @classmethod decorator. NOTE: in V3, do not apply the conversion for 'after' validators:
+        f = _decorators.ensure_classmethod_based_on_signature(f)
+        if mode == 'after' and isinstance(f, classmethod):
+            warnings.warn(
+                category=PydanticDeprecatedSince212,
+                message=(
+                    "Using `@model_validator` with mode='after' on a classmethod is deprecated. Instead, use an instance method. "
+                    f'See the documentation at https://docs.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/concepts/validators/#model-after-validator.'
+                ),
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        dec_info = _decorators.ModelValidatorDecoratorInfo(mode=mode)
+        return _decorators.PydanticDescriptorProxy(f, dec_info)
+
+    return dec
+
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # If we add configurable attributes to IsInstance, we'd probably need to stop hiding it from type checkers like this
+    InstanceOf = Annotated[AnyType, ...]  # `IsInstance[Sequence]` will be recognized by type checkers as `Sequence`
+
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class InstanceOf:
+        '''Generic type for annotating a type that is an instance of a given class.
+
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, InstanceOf
+
+            class Foo:
+                ...
+
+            class Bar(BaseModel):
+                foo: InstanceOf[Foo]
+
+            Bar(foo=Foo())
+            try:
+                Bar(foo=42)
+            except ValidationError as e:
+                print(e)
+                """
+                [
+                │   {
+                │   │   'type': 'is_instance_of',
+                │   │   'loc': ('foo',),
+                │   │   'msg': 'Input should be an instance of Foo',
+                │   │   'input': 42,
+                │   │   'ctx': {'class': 'Foo'},
+                │   │   'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/0.38.0/v/is_instance_of'
+                │   }
+                ]
+                """
+            ```
+        '''
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            from pydantic._internal._generate_schema import GENERATE_SCHEMA_ERRORS
+
+            # use the generic _origin_ as the second argument to isinstance when appropriate
+            instance_of_schema = core_schema.is_instance_schema(_generics.get_origin(source) or source)
+
+            try:
+                # Try to generate the "standard" schema, which will be used when loading from JSON
+                original_schema = handler(source)
+            except GENERATE_SCHEMA_ERRORS:
+                # If that fails, just produce a schema that can validate from python
+                return instance_of_schema
+            else:
+                # Use the "original" approach to serialization
+                instance_of_schema['serialization'] = core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    function=lambda v, h: h(v), schema=original_schema
+                )
+                return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(python_schema=instance_of_schema, json_schema=original_schema)
+
+        __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SkipValidation = Annotated[AnyType, ...]  # SkipValidation[list[str]] will be treated by type checkers as list[str]
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class SkipValidation:
+        """If this is applied as an annotation (e.g., via `x: Annotated[int, SkipValidation]`), validation will be
+            skipped. You can also use `SkipValidation[int]` as a shorthand for `Annotated[int, SkipValidation]`.
+
+        This can be useful if you want to use a type annotation for documentation/IDE/type-checking purposes,
+        and know that it is safe to skip validation for one or more of the fields.
+
+        Because this converts the validation schema to `any_schema`, subsequent annotation-applied transformations
+        may not have the expected effects. Therefore, when used, this annotation should generally be the final
+        annotation applied to a type.
+        """
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> Any:
+            return Annotated[item, SkipValidation()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', ArbitraryTypeWarning)
+                original_schema = handler(source)
+            metadata = {'pydantic_js_annotation_functions': [lambda _c, h: h(original_schema)]}
+            return core_schema.any_schema(
+                metadata=metadata,
+                serialization=core_schema.wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    function=lambda v, h: h(v), schema=original_schema
+                ),
+            )
+
+        __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+_FromTypeT = TypeVar('_FromTypeT')
+
+
+class ValidateAs:
+    """A helper class to validate a custom type from a type that is natively supported by Pydantic.
+
+    Args:
+        from_type: The type natively supported by Pydantic to use to perform validation.
+        instantiation_hook: A callable taking the validated type as an argument, and returning
+            the populated custom type.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python {lint="skip"}
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, TypeAdapter, ValidateAs
+
+        class MyCls:
+            def __init__(self, a: int) -> None:
+                self.a = a
+
+            def __repr__(self) -> str:
+                return f"MyCls(a={self.a})"
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            a: int
+
+
+        ta = TypeAdapter(
+            Annotated[MyCls, ValidateAs(Model, lambda v: MyCls(a=v.a))]
+        )
+
+        print(ta.validate_python({'a': 1}))
+        #> MyCls(a=1)
+        ```
+    """
+
+    # TODO: make use of PEP 747
+    def __init__(self, from_type: type[_FromTypeT], /, instantiation_hook: Callable[[_FromTypeT], Any]) -> None:
+        self.from_type = from_type
+        self.instantiation_hook = instantiation_hook
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(self.from_type)
+        return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+            self.instantiation_hook,
+            schema=schema,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/generics.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/generics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f1070d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/generics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `generics` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcaff9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `json` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json_schema.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b21fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/json_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2911 @@
+"""!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+    [JSON Schema](../concepts/json_schema.md)
+
+The `json_schema` module contains classes and functions to allow the way [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/)
+is generated to be customized.
+
+In general you shouldn't need to use this module directly; instead, you can use
+[`BaseModel.model_json_schema`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_json_schema] and
+[`TypeAdapter.json_schema`][pydantic.TypeAdapter.json_schema].
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import collections.abc
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
+import math
+import os
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Hashable, Iterable, Sequence
+from copy import deepcopy
+from enum import Enum
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Literal,
+    NewType,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import pydantic_core
+from pydantic_core import MISSING, CoreSchema, PydanticOmit, core_schema, to_jsonable_python
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import ComputedField
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, assert_never, deprecated, final
+from typing_inspection.introspection import get_literal_values
+
+from pydantic.warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince26, PydanticDeprecatedSince29
+
+from ._internal import (
+    _config,
+    _core_metadata,
+    _core_utils,
+    _decorators,
+    _internal_dataclass,
+    _mock_val_ser,
+    _schema_generation_shared,
+    _typing_extra,
+)
+from .annotated_handlers import GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .config import JsonDict, JsonValue
+from .errors import PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema, PydanticSchemaGenerationError, PydanticUserError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import ConfigDict
+    from ._internal._core_utils import CoreSchemaField, CoreSchemaOrField
+    from ._internal._dataclasses import PydanticDataclass
+    from ._internal._schema_generation_shared import GetJsonSchemaFunction
+    from .main import BaseModel
+
+
+CoreSchemaOrFieldType = Literal[core_schema.CoreSchemaType, core_schema.CoreSchemaFieldType]
+"""
+A type alias for defined schema types that represents a union of
+`core_schema.CoreSchemaType` and
+`core_schema.CoreSchemaFieldType`.
+"""
+
+JsonSchemaValue = dict[str, Any]
+"""
+A type alias for a JSON schema value. This is a dictionary of string keys to arbitrary JSON values.
+"""
+
+JsonSchemaMode = Literal['validation', 'serialization']
+"""
+A type alias that represents the mode of a JSON schema; either 'validation' or 'serialization'.
+
+For some types, the inputs to validation differ from the outputs of serialization. For example,
+computed fields will only be present when serializing, and should not be provided when
+validating. This flag provides a way to indicate whether you want the JSON schema required
+for validation inputs, or that will be matched by serialization outputs.
+"""
+
+_MODE_TITLE_MAPPING: dict[JsonSchemaMode, str] = {'validation': 'Input', 'serialization': 'Output'}
+
+
+JsonSchemaWarningKind = Literal['skipped-choice', 'non-serializable-default', 'skipped-discriminator']
+"""
+A type alias representing the kinds of warnings that can be emitted during JSON schema generation.
+
+See [`GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message`][pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message]
+for more details.
+"""
+
+
+class PydanticJsonSchemaWarning(UserWarning):
+    """This class is used to emit warnings produced during JSON schema generation.
+    See the [`GenerateJsonSchema.emit_warning`][pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema.emit_warning] and
+    [`GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message`][pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema.render_warning_message]
+    methods for more details; these can be overridden to control warning behavior.
+    """
+
+
+NoDefault = object()
+"""A sentinel value used to indicate that no default value should be used when generating a JSON Schema
+for a core schema with a default value.
+"""
+
+
+# ##### JSON Schema Generation #####
+DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE = '#/$defs/{model}'
+"""The default format string used to generate reference names."""
+
+# There are three types of references relevant to building JSON schemas:
+#   1. core_schema "ref" values; these are not exposed as part of the JSON schema
+#       * these might look like the fully qualified path of a model, its id, or something similar
+CoreRef = NewType('CoreRef', str)
+#   2. keys of the "definitions" object that will eventually go into the JSON schema
+#       * by default, these look like "MyModel", though may change in the presence of collisions
+#       * eventually, we may want to make it easier to modify the way these names are generated
+DefsRef = NewType('DefsRef', str)
+#   3. the values corresponding to the "$ref" key in the schema
+#       * By default, these look like "#/$defs/MyModel", as in {"$ref": "#/$defs/MyModel"}
+JsonRef = NewType('JsonRef', str)
+
+CoreModeRef = tuple[CoreRef, JsonSchemaMode]
+JsonSchemaKeyT = TypeVar('JsonSchemaKeyT', bound=Hashable)
+
+_PRIMITIVE_JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES = ('string', 'boolean', 'null', 'integer', 'number')
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class _DefinitionsRemapping:
+    defs_remapping: dict[DefsRef, DefsRef]
+    json_remapping: dict[JsonRef, JsonRef]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_prioritized_choices(
+        prioritized_choices: dict[DefsRef, list[DefsRef]],
+        defs_to_json: dict[DefsRef, JsonRef],
+        definitions: dict[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue],
+    ) -> _DefinitionsRemapping:
+        """
+        This function should produce a remapping that replaces complex DefsRef with the simpler ones from the
+        prioritized_choices such that applying the name remapping would result in an equivalent JSON schema.
+        """
+        # We need to iteratively simplify the definitions until we reach a fixed point.
+        # The reason for this is that outer definitions may reference inner definitions that get simplified
+        # into an equivalent reference, and the outer definitions won't be equivalent until we've simplified
+        # the inner definitions.
+        copied_definitions = deepcopy(definitions)
+        definitions_schema = {'$defs': copied_definitions}
+        for _iter in range(100):  # prevent an infinite loop in the case of a bug, 100 iterations should be enough
+            # For every possible remapped DefsRef, collect all schemas that DefsRef might be used for:
+            schemas_for_alternatives: dict[DefsRef, list[JsonSchemaValue]] = defaultdict(list)
+            for defs_ref in copied_definitions:
+                alternatives = prioritized_choices[defs_ref]
+                for alternative in alternatives:
+                    schemas_for_alternatives[alternative].append(copied_definitions[defs_ref])
+
+            # Deduplicate the schemas for each alternative; the idea is that we only want to remap to a new DefsRef
+            # if it introduces no ambiguity, i.e., there is only one distinct schema for that DefsRef.
+            for defs_ref in schemas_for_alternatives:
+                schemas_for_alternatives[defs_ref] = _deduplicate_schemas(schemas_for_alternatives[defs_ref])
+
+            # Build the remapping
+            defs_remapping: dict[DefsRef, DefsRef] = {}
+            json_remapping: dict[JsonRef, JsonRef] = {}
+            for original_defs_ref in definitions:
+                alternatives = prioritized_choices[original_defs_ref]
+                # Pick the first alternative that has only one schema, since that means there is no collision
+                remapped_defs_ref = next(x for x in alternatives if len(schemas_for_alternatives[x]) == 1)
+                defs_remapping[original_defs_ref] = remapped_defs_ref
+
+                # Map all alternatives after the remapped one to the remapped one
+                # This ensures that intermediate simplifications are also remapped
+                remapped_index = alternatives.index(remapped_defs_ref)
+                for alt in alternatives[remapped_index:]:
+                    json_remapping[defs_to_json[alt]] = defs_to_json[remapped_defs_ref]
+            remapping = _DefinitionsRemapping(defs_remapping, json_remapping)
+            new_definitions_schema = remapping.remap_json_schema({'$defs': copied_definitions})
+            if definitions_schema == new_definitions_schema:
+                # We've reached the fixed point
+                return remapping
+            definitions_schema = new_definitions_schema
+
+        raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema('Failed to simplify the JSON schema definitions')
+
+    def remap_defs_ref(self, ref: DefsRef) -> DefsRef:
+        return self.defs_remapping.get(ref, ref)
+
+    def remap_json_ref(self, ref: JsonRef) -> JsonRef:
+        return self.json_remapping.get(ref, ref)
+
+    def remap_json_schema(self, schema: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Recursively update the JSON schema replacing all $refs
+        """
+        if isinstance(schema, str):
+            # Note: this may not really be a JsonRef; we rely on having no collisions between JsonRefs and other strings
+            return self.remap_json_ref(JsonRef(schema))
+        elif isinstance(schema, list):
+            return [self.remap_json_schema(item) for item in schema]
+        elif isinstance(schema, dict):
+            for key, value in schema.items():
+                if key == '$ref' and isinstance(value, str):
+                    schema['$ref'] = self.remap_json_ref(JsonRef(value))
+                elif key == '$defs':
+                    schema['$defs'] = {
+                        self.remap_defs_ref(DefsRef(key)): self.remap_json_schema(value)
+                        for key, value in schema['$defs'].items()
+                    }
+                else:
+                    schema[key] = self.remap_json_schema(value)
+        return schema
+
+
+class GenerateJsonSchema:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Customizing the JSON Schema Generation Process](../concepts/json_schema.md#customizing-the-json-schema-generation-process)
+
+    A class for generating JSON schemas.
+
+    This class generates JSON schemas based on configured parameters. The default schema dialect
+    is [https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema).
+    The class uses `by_alias` to configure how fields with
+    multiple names are handled and `ref_template` to format reference names.
+
+    Attributes:
+        schema_dialect: The JSON schema dialect used to generate the schema. See
+            [Declaring a Dialect](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/schema.html#id4)
+            in the JSON Schema documentation for more information about dialects.
+        ignored_warning_kinds: Warnings to ignore when generating the schema. `self.render_warning_message` will
+            do nothing if its argument `kind` is in `ignored_warning_kinds`;
+            this value can be modified on subclasses to easily control which warnings are emitted.
+        by_alias: Whether to use field aliases when generating the schema.
+        ref_template: The format string used when generating reference names.
+        core_to_json_refs: A mapping of core refs to JSON refs.
+        core_to_defs_refs: A mapping of core refs to definition refs.
+        defs_to_core_refs: A mapping of definition refs to core refs.
+        json_to_defs_refs: A mapping of JSON refs to definition refs.
+        definitions: Definitions in the schema.
+
+    Args:
+        by_alias: Whether to use field aliases in the generated schemas.
+        ref_template: The format string to use when generating reference names.
+        union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+              keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+            - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+              keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+              type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+              `any_of`.
+
+    Raises:
+        JsonSchemaError: If the instance of the class is inadvertently reused after generating a schema.
+    """
+
+    schema_dialect = 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema'
+
+    # `self.render_warning_message` will do nothing if its argument `kind` is in `ignored_warning_kinds`;
+    # this value can be modified on subclasses to easily control which warnings are emitted
+    ignored_warning_kinds: set[JsonSchemaWarningKind] = {'skipped-choice'}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    ) -> None:
+        self.by_alias = by_alias
+        self.ref_template = ref_template
+        self.union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = union_format
+
+        self.core_to_json_refs: dict[CoreModeRef, JsonRef] = {}
+        self.core_to_defs_refs: dict[CoreModeRef, DefsRef] = {}
+        self.defs_to_core_refs: dict[DefsRef, CoreModeRef] = {}
+        self.json_to_defs_refs: dict[JsonRef, DefsRef] = {}
+
+        self.definitions: dict[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        self._config_wrapper_stack = _config.ConfigWrapperStack(_config.ConfigWrapper({}))
+
+        self._mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation'
+
+        # The following includes a mapping of a fully-unique defs ref choice to a list of preferred
+        # alternatives, which are generally simpler, such as only including the class name.
+        # At the end of schema generation, we use these to produce a JSON schema with more human-readable
+        # definitions, which would also work better in a generated OpenAPI client, etc.
+        self._prioritized_defsref_choices: dict[DefsRef, list[DefsRef]] = {}
+        self._collision_counter: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        self._collision_index: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+        self._schema_type_to_method = self.build_schema_type_to_method()
+
+        # When we encounter definitions we need to try to build them immediately
+        # so that they are available schemas that reference them
+        # But it's possible that CoreSchema was never going to be used
+        # (e.g. because the CoreSchema that references short circuits is JSON schema generation without needing
+        #  the reference) so instead of failing altogether if we can't build a definition we
+        # store the error raised and re-throw it if we end up needing that def
+        self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema: dict[DefsRef, PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema] = {}
+
+        # This changes to True after generating a schema, to prevent issues caused by accidental reuse
+        # of a single instance of a schema generator
+        self._used = False
+
+    @property
+    def _config(self) -> _config.ConfigWrapper:
+        return self._config_wrapper_stack.tail
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> JsonSchemaMode:
+        if self._config.json_schema_mode_override is not None:
+            return self._config.json_schema_mode_override
+        else:
+            return self._mode
+
+    def build_schema_type_to_method(
+        self,
+    ) -> dict[CoreSchemaOrFieldType, Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField], JsonSchemaValue]]:
+        """Builds a dictionary mapping fields to methods for generating JSON schemas.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary containing the mapping of `CoreSchemaOrFieldType` to a handler method.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If no method has been defined for generating a JSON schema for a given pydantic core schema type.
+        """
+        mapping: dict[CoreSchemaOrFieldType, Callable[[CoreSchemaOrField], JsonSchemaValue]] = {}
+        core_schema_types: list[CoreSchemaOrFieldType] = list(get_literal_values(CoreSchemaOrFieldType))
+        for key in core_schema_types:
+            method_name = f'{key.replace("-", "_")}_schema'
+            try:
+                mapping[key] = getattr(self, method_name)
+            except AttributeError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                if os.getenv('PYDANTIC_PRIVATE_ALLOW_UNHANDLED_SCHEMA_TYPES'):
+                    continue
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f'No method for generating JsonSchema for core_schema.type={key!r} '
+                    f'(expected: {type(self).__name__}.{method_name})'
+                ) from e
+        return mapping
+
+    def generate_definitions(
+        self, inputs: Sequence[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode, core_schema.CoreSchema]]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode], JsonSchemaValue], dict[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue]]:
+        """Generates JSON schema definitions from a list of core schemas, pairing the generated definitions with a
+        mapping that links the input keys to the definition references.
+
+        Args:
+            inputs: A sequence of tuples, where:
+
+                - The first element is a JSON schema key type.
+                - The second element is the JSON mode: either 'validation' or 'serialization'.
+                - The third element is a core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple where:
+
+                - The first element is a dictionary whose keys are tuples of JSON schema key type and JSON mode, and
+                    whose values are the JSON schema corresponding to that pair of inputs. (These schemas may have
+                    JsonRef references to definitions that are defined in the second returned element.)
+                - The second element is a dictionary whose keys are definition references for the JSON schemas
+                    from the first returned element, and whose values are the actual JSON schema definitions.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUserError: Raised if the JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self._used:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'This JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema. '
+                f'You must create a new instance of {type(self).__name__} to generate a new JSON schema.',
+                code='json-schema-already-used',
+            )
+
+        for _, mode, schema in inputs:
+            self._mode = mode
+            self.generate_inner(schema)
+
+        definitions_remapping = self._build_definitions_remapping()
+
+        json_schemas_map: dict[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode], DefsRef] = {}
+        for key, mode, schema in inputs:
+            self._mode = mode
+            json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema)
+            json_schemas_map[(key, mode)] = definitions_remapping.remap_json_schema(json_schema)
+
+        json_schema = {'$defs': self.definitions}
+        json_schema = definitions_remapping.remap_json_schema(json_schema)
+        self._used = True
+        return json_schemas_map, self.sort(json_schema['$defs'])  # type: ignore
+
+    def generate(self, schema: CoreSchema, mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation') -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema for a specified schema in a specified mode.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: A Pydantic model.
+            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema. Defaults to 'validation'.
+
+        Returns:
+            A JSON schema representing the specified schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUserError: If the JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema.
+        """
+        self._mode = mode
+        if self._used:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'This JSON schema generator has already been used to generate a JSON schema. '
+                f'You must create a new instance of {type(self).__name__} to generate a new JSON schema.',
+                code='json-schema-already-used',
+            )
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = self.generate_inner(schema)
+        json_ref_counts = self.get_json_ref_counts(json_schema)
+
+        ref = cast(JsonRef, json_schema.get('$ref'))
+        while ref is not None:  # may need to unpack multiple levels
+            ref_json_schema = self.get_schema_from_definitions(ref)
+            if json_ref_counts[ref] == 1 and ref_json_schema is not None and len(json_schema) == 1:
+                # "Unpack" the ref since this is the only reference and there are no sibling keys
+                json_schema = ref_json_schema.copy()  # copy to prevent recursive dict reference
+                json_ref_counts[ref] -= 1
+                ref = cast(JsonRef, json_schema.get('$ref'))
+            ref = None
+
+        self._garbage_collect_definitions(json_schema)
+        definitions_remapping = self._build_definitions_remapping()
+
+        if self.definitions:
+            json_schema['$defs'] = self.definitions
+
+        json_schema = definitions_remapping.remap_json_schema(json_schema)
+
+        # For now, we will not set the $schema key. However, if desired, this can be easily added by overriding
+        # this method and adding the following line after a call to super().generate(schema):
+        # json_schema['$schema'] = self.schema_dialect
+
+        self._used = True
+        return self.sort(json_schema)
+
+    def generate_inner(self, schema: CoreSchemaOrField) -> JsonSchemaValue:  # noqa: C901
+        """Generates a JSON schema for a given core schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The given core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+
+        TODO: the nested function definitions here seem like bad practice, I'd like to unpack these
+        in a future PR. It'd be great if we could shorten the call stack a bit for JSON schema generation,
+        and I think there's potential for that here.
+        """
+        # If a schema with the same CoreRef has been handled, just return a reference to it
+        # Note that this assumes that it will _never_ be the case that the same CoreRef is used
+        # on types that should have different JSON schemas
+        if 'ref' in schema:
+            core_ref = CoreRef(schema['ref'])  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            core_mode_ref = (core_ref, self.mode)
+            if core_mode_ref in self.core_to_defs_refs and self.core_to_defs_refs[core_mode_ref] in self.definitions:
+                return {'$ref': self.core_to_json_refs[core_mode_ref]}
+
+        def populate_defs(core_schema: CoreSchema, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            if 'ref' in core_schema:
+                core_ref = CoreRef(core_schema['ref'])  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+                defs_ref, ref_json_schema = self.get_cache_defs_ref_schema(core_ref)
+                json_ref = JsonRef(ref_json_schema['$ref'])
+                # Replace the schema if it's not a reference to itself
+                # What we want to avoid is having the def be just a ref to itself
+                # which is what would happen if we blindly assigned any
+                if json_schema.get('$ref', None) != json_ref:
+                    self.definitions[defs_ref] = json_schema
+                    self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema.pop(defs_ref, None)
+                json_schema = ref_json_schema
+            return json_schema
+
+        def handler_func(schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            """Generate a JSON schema based on the input schema.
+
+            Args:
+                schema_or_field: The core schema to generate a JSON schema from.
+
+            Returns:
+                The generated JSON schema.
+
+            Raises:
+                TypeError: If an unexpected schema type is encountered.
+            """
+            # Generate the core-schema-type-specific bits of the schema generation:
+            json_schema: JsonSchemaValue | None = None
+            if self.mode == 'serialization' and 'serialization' in schema_or_field:
+                # In this case, we skip the JSON Schema generation of the schema
+                # and use the `'serialization'` schema instead (canonical example:
+                # `Annotated[int, PlainSerializer(str)]`).
+                ser_schema = schema_or_field['serialization']  # type: ignore
+                json_schema = self.ser_schema(ser_schema)
+
+                # It might be that the 'serialization'` is skipped depending on `when_used`.
+                # This is only relevant for `nullable` schemas though, so we special case here.
+                if (
+                    json_schema is not None
+                    and ser_schema.get('when_used') in ('unless-none', 'json-unless-none')
+                    and schema_or_field['type'] == 'nullable'
+                ):
+                    json_schema = self.get_union_of_schemas([{'type': 'null'}, json_schema])
+            if json_schema is None:
+                if _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema_or_field) or _core_utils.is_core_schema_field(schema_or_field):
+                    generate_for_schema_type = self._schema_type_to_method[schema_or_field['type']]
+                    json_schema = generate_for_schema_type(schema_or_field)
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError(f'Unexpected schema type: schema={schema_or_field}')
+            return json_schema
+
+        current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, handler_func)
+
+        metadata = cast(_core_metadata.CoreMetadata, schema.get('metadata', {}))
+
+        # TODO: I dislike that we have to wrap these basic dict updates in callables, is there any way around this?
+
+        if js_updates := metadata.get('pydantic_js_updates'):
+
+            def js_updates_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = {**current_handler(schema_or_field), **js_updates}
+                return json_schema
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, js_updates_handler_func)
+
+        if js_extra := metadata.get('pydantic_js_extra'):
+
+            def js_extra_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = current_handler(schema_or_field)
+                if isinstance(js_extra, dict):
+                    json_schema.update(to_jsonable_python(js_extra))
+                elif callable(js_extra):
+                    # similar to typing issue in _update_class_schema when we're working with callable js extra
+                    js_extra(json_schema)  # type: ignore
+                return json_schema
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, js_extra_handler_func)
+
+        for js_modify_function in metadata.get('pydantic_js_functions', ()):
+
+            def new_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+                js_modify_function: GetJsonSchemaFunction = js_modify_function,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                json_schema = js_modify_function(schema_or_field, current_handler)
+                if _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema_or_field):
+                    json_schema = populate_defs(schema_or_field, json_schema)
+                original_schema = current_handler.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+                ref = json_schema.pop('$ref', None)
+                if ref and json_schema:
+                    original_schema.update(json_schema)
+                return original_schema
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, new_handler_func)
+
+        for js_modify_function in metadata.get('pydantic_js_annotation_functions', ()):
+
+            def new_handler_func(
+                schema_or_field: CoreSchemaOrField,
+                current_handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler = current_handler,
+                js_modify_function: GetJsonSchemaFunction = js_modify_function,
+            ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                return js_modify_function(schema_or_field, current_handler)
+
+            current_handler = _schema_generation_shared.GenerateJsonSchemaHandler(self, new_handler_func)
+
+        json_schema = current_handler(schema)
+        if _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema):
+            json_schema = populate_defs(schema, json_schema)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def sort(self, value: JsonSchemaValue, parent_key: str | None = None) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Override this method to customize the sorting of the JSON schema (e.g., don't sort at all, sort all keys unconditionally, etc.)
+
+        By default, alphabetically sort the keys in the JSON schema, skipping the 'properties' and 'default' keys to preserve field definition order.
+        This sort is recursive, so it will sort all nested dictionaries as well.
+        """
+        sorted_dict: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        keys = value.keys()
+        if parent_key not in ('properties', 'default'):
+            keys = sorted(keys)
+        for key in keys:
+            sorted_dict[key] = self._sort_recursive(value[key], parent_key=key)
+        return sorted_dict
+
+    def _sort_recursive(self, value: Any, parent_key: str | None = None) -> Any:
+        """Recursively sort a JSON schema value."""
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            sorted_dict: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+            keys = value.keys()
+            if parent_key not in ('properties', 'default'):
+                keys = sorted(keys)
+            for key in keys:
+                sorted_dict[key] = self._sort_recursive(value[key], parent_key=key)
+            return sorted_dict
+        elif isinstance(value, list):
+            sorted_list: list[JsonSchemaValue] = [self._sort_recursive(item, parent_key) for item in value]
+            return sorted_list
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    # ### Schema generation methods
+
+    def invalid_schema(self, schema: core_schema.InvalidSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Placeholder - should never be called."""
+
+        raise RuntimeError('Cannot generate schema for invalid_schema. This is a bug! Please report it.')
+
+    def any_schema(self, schema: core_schema.AnySchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches any value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {}
+
+    def none_schema(self, schema: core_schema.NoneSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches `None`.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'null'}
+
+    def bool_schema(self, schema: core_schema.BoolSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a bool value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'boolean'}
+
+    def int_schema(self, schema: core_schema.IntSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches an int value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {'type': 'integer'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.numeric)
+        json_schema = {k: v for k, v in json_schema.items() if v not in {math.inf, -math.inf}}
+        return json_schema
+
+    def float_schema(self, schema: core_schema.FloatSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a float value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {'type': 'number'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.numeric)
+        json_schema = {k: v for k, v in json_schema.items() if v not in {math.inf, -math.inf}}
+        return json_schema
+
+    def decimal_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DecimalSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a decimal value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+
+        def get_decimal_pattern(schema: core_schema.DecimalSchema) -> str:
+            max_digits = schema.get('max_digits')
+            decimal_places = schema.get('decimal_places')
+
+            pattern = (
+                r'^(?!^[-+.]*$)[+-]?0*'  # check it is not empty string and not one or sequence of ".+-" characters.
+            )
+
+            # Case 1: Both max_digits and decimal_places are set
+            if max_digits is not None and decimal_places is not None:
+                integer_places = max(0, max_digits - decimal_places)
+                pattern += (
+                    rf'(?:'
+                    rf'\d{{0,{integer_places}}}'
+                    rf'|'
+                    rf'(?=[\d.]{{1,{max_digits + 1}}}0*$)'
+                    rf'\d{{0,{integer_places}}}\.\d{{0,{decimal_places}}}0*$'
+                    rf')'
+                )
+
+            # Case 2: Only max_digits is set
+            elif max_digits is not None and decimal_places is None:
+                pattern += (
+                    rf'(?:'
+                    rf'\d{{0,{max_digits}}}'
+                    rf'|'
+                    rf'(?=[\d.]{{1,{max_digits + 1}}}0*$)'
+                    rf'\d*\.\d*0*$'
+                    rf')'
+                )
+
+            # Case 3: Only decimal_places is set
+            elif max_digits is None and decimal_places is not None:
+                pattern += rf'\d*\.?\d{{0,{decimal_places}}}0*$'
+
+            # Case 4: Both are None (no restrictions)
+            else:
+                pattern += r'\d*\.?\d*$'  # look for arbitrary integer or decimal
+
+            return pattern
+
+        json_schema = self.str_schema(core_schema.str_schema(pattern=get_decimal_pattern(schema)))
+        if self.mode == 'validation':
+            multiple_of = schema.get('multiple_of')
+            le = schema.get('le')
+            ge = schema.get('ge')
+            lt = schema.get('lt')
+            gt = schema.get('gt')
+            json_schema = {
+                'anyOf': [
+                    self.float_schema(
+                        core_schema.float_schema(
+                            allow_inf_nan=schema.get('allow_inf_nan'),
+                            multiple_of=None if multiple_of is None else float(multiple_of),
+                            le=None if le is None else float(le),
+                            ge=None if ge is None else float(ge),
+                            lt=None if lt is None else float(lt),
+                            gt=None if gt is None else float(gt),
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    json_schema,
+                ],
+            }
+        return json_schema
+
+    def str_schema(self, schema: core_schema.StringSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a string value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.string)
+        if isinstance(json_schema.get('pattern'), Pattern):
+            # TODO: should we add regex flags to the pattern?
+            json_schema['pattern'] = json_schema.get('pattern').pattern  # type: ignore
+        return json_schema
+
+    def bytes_schema(self, schema: core_schema.BytesSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a bytes value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'base64url' if self._config.ser_json_bytes == 'base64' else 'binary'}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.bytes)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def date_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DateSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a date value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date'}
+
+    def time_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TimeSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a time value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'time'}
+
+    def datetime_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DatetimeSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a datetime value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date-time'}
+
+    def timedelta_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TimedeltaSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a timedelta value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self._config.ser_json_timedelta == 'float':
+            return {'type': 'number'}
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'duration'}
+
+    def literal_schema(self, schema: core_schema.LiteralSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a literal value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        expected = [to_jsonable_python(v.value if isinstance(v, Enum) else v) for v in schema['expected']]
+
+        result: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if len(expected) == 1:
+            result['const'] = expected[0]
+        else:
+            result['enum'] = expected
+
+        types = {type(e) for e in expected}
+        if types == {str}:
+            result['type'] = 'string'
+        elif types == {int}:
+            result['type'] = 'integer'
+        elif types == {float}:
+            result['type'] = 'number'
+        elif types == {bool}:
+            result['type'] = 'boolean'
+        elif types == {list}:
+            result['type'] = 'array'
+        elif types == {type(None)}:
+            result['type'] = 'null'
+        return result
+
+    def missing_sentinel_schema(self, schema: core_schema.MissingSentinelSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches the `MISSING` sentinel value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        raise PydanticOmit
+
+    def enum_schema(self, schema: core_schema.EnumSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches an Enum value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        enum_type = schema['cls']
+        description = None if not enum_type.__doc__ else inspect.cleandoc(enum_type.__doc__)
+        if (
+            description == 'An enumeration.'
+        ):  # This is the default value provided by enum.EnumMeta.__new__; don't use it
+            description = None
+        result: dict[str, Any] = {'title': enum_type.__name__, 'description': description}
+        result = {k: v for k, v in result.items() if v is not None}
+
+        expected = [to_jsonable_python(v.value) for v in schema['members']]
+
+        result['enum'] = expected
+
+        types = {type(e) for e in expected}
+        if isinstance(enum_type, str) or types == {str}:
+            result['type'] = 'string'
+        elif isinstance(enum_type, int) or types == {int}:
+            result['type'] = 'integer'
+        elif isinstance(enum_type, float) or types == {float}:
+            result['type'] = 'number'
+        elif types == {bool}:
+            result['type'] = 'boolean'
+        elif types == {list}:
+            result['type'] = 'array'
+
+        return result
+
+    def is_instance_schema(self, schema: core_schema.IsInstanceSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Handles JSON schema generation for a core schema that checks if a value is an instance of a class.
+
+        Unless overridden in a subclass, this raises an error.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.handle_invalid_for_json_schema(schema, f'core_schema.IsInstanceSchema ({schema["cls"]})')
+
+    def is_subclass_schema(self, schema: core_schema.IsSubclassSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Handles JSON schema generation for a core schema that checks if a value is a subclass of a class.
+
+        For backwards compatibility with v1, this does not raise an error, but can be overridden to change this.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # Note: This is for compatibility with V1; you can override if you want different behavior.
+        return {}
+
+    def callable_schema(self, schema: core_schema.CallableSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a callable value.
+
+        Unless overridden in a subclass, this raises an error.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.handle_invalid_for_json_schema(schema, 'core_schema.CallableSchema')
+
+    def list_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ListSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Returns a schema that matches a list schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        items_schema = {} if 'items_schema' not in schema else self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'])
+        json_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': items_schema}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    @deprecated('`tuple_positional_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.', category=None)
+    @final
+    def tuple_positional_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TupleSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Replaced by `tuple_schema`."""
+        warnings.warn(
+            '`tuple_positional_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince26,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.tuple_schema(schema)
+
+    @deprecated('`tuple_variable_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.', category=None)
+    @final
+    def tuple_variable_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TupleSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Replaced by `tuple_schema`."""
+        warnings.warn(
+            '`tuple_variable_schema` is deprecated. Use `tuple_schema` instead.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince26,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.tuple_schema(schema)
+
+    def tuple_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TupleSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a tuple schema e.g. `tuple[int,
+        str, bool]` or `tuple[int, ...]`.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'array'}
+        if 'variadic_item_index' in schema:
+            variadic_item_index = schema['variadic_item_index']
+            if variadic_item_index > 0:
+                json_schema['minItems'] = variadic_item_index
+                json_schema['prefixItems'] = [
+                    self.generate_inner(item) for item in schema['items_schema'][:variadic_item_index]
+                ]
+            if variadic_item_index + 1 == len(schema['items_schema']):
+                # if the variadic item is the last item, then represent it faithfully
+                json_schema['items'] = self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'][variadic_item_index])
+            else:
+                # otherwise, 'items' represents the schema for the variadic
+                # item plus the suffix, so just allow anything for simplicity
+                # for now
+                json_schema['items'] = True
+        else:
+            prefixItems = [self.generate_inner(item) for item in schema['items_schema']]
+            if prefixItems:
+                json_schema['prefixItems'] = prefixItems
+            json_schema['minItems'] = len(prefixItems)
+            json_schema['maxItems'] = len(prefixItems)
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def set_schema(self, schema: core_schema.SetSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a set schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self._common_set_schema(schema)
+
+    def frozenset_schema(self, schema: core_schema.FrozenSetSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a frozenset schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self._common_set_schema(schema)
+
+    def _common_set_schema(self, schema: core_schema.SetSchema | core_schema.FrozenSetSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        items_schema = {} if 'items_schema' not in schema else self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'])
+        json_schema = {'type': 'array', 'uniqueItems': True, 'items': items_schema}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def generator_schema(self, schema: core_schema.GeneratorSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Returns a JSON schema that represents the provided GeneratorSchema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        items_schema = {} if 'items_schema' not in schema else self.generate_inner(schema['items_schema'])
+        json_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': items_schema}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.array)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def dict_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DictSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a dict schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'object'}
+
+        keys_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['keys_schema']).copy() if 'keys_schema' in schema else {}
+        if '$ref' not in keys_schema:
+            keys_pattern = keys_schema.pop('pattern', None)
+            # Don't give a title to patternProperties/propertyNames:
+            keys_schema.pop('title', None)
+        else:
+            # Here, we assume that if the keys schema is a definition reference,
+            # it can't be a simple string core schema (and thus no pattern can exist).
+            # However, this is only in practice (in theory, a definition reference core
+            # schema could be generated for a simple string schema).
+            # Note that we avoid calling `self.resolve_ref_schema`, as it might not exist yet.
+            keys_pattern = None
+
+        values_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['values_schema']).copy() if 'values_schema' in schema else {}
+        # don't give a title to additionalProperties:
+        values_schema.pop('title', None)
+
+        if values_schema or keys_pattern is not None:
+            if keys_pattern is None:
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = values_schema
+            else:
+                json_schema['patternProperties'] = {keys_pattern: values_schema}
+        else:  # for `dict[str, Any]`, we allow any key and any value, since `str` is the default key type
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = True
+
+        if (
+            # The len check indicates that constraints are probably present:
+            (keys_schema.get('type') == 'string' and len(keys_schema) > 1)
+            # If this is a definition reference schema, it most likely has constraints:
+            or '$ref' in keys_schema
+        ):
+            keys_schema.pop('type', None)
+            json_schema['propertyNames'] = keys_schema
+
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.object)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def function_before_schema(self, schema: core_schema.BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-before schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'validation' and (input_schema := schema.get('json_schema_input_schema')):
+            return self.generate_inner(input_schema)
+
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def function_after_schema(self, schema: core_schema.AfterValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-after schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def function_plain_schema(self, schema: core_schema.PlainValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-plain schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'validation' and (input_schema := schema.get('json_schema_input_schema')):
+            return self.generate_inner(input_schema)
+
+        return self.handle_invalid_for_json_schema(
+            schema, f'core_schema.PlainValidatorFunctionSchema ({schema["function"]})'
+        )
+
+    def function_wrap_schema(self, schema: core_schema.WrapValidatorFunctionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a function-wrap schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'validation' and (input_schema := schema.get('json_schema_input_schema')):
+            return self.generate_inner(input_schema)
+
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def default_schema(self, schema: core_schema.WithDefaultSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema with a default value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+        default = self.get_default_value(schema)
+        if default is NoDefault or default is MISSING:
+            return json_schema
+
+        # we reflect the application of custom plain, no-info serializers to defaults for
+        # JSON Schemas viewed in serialization mode:
+        # TODO: improvements along with https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8208
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            # `_get_ser_schema_for_default_value()` is used to unpack potentially nested validator schemas:
+            ser_schema = _get_ser_schema_for_default_value(schema['schema'])
+            if (
+                ser_schema is not None
+                and (ser_func := ser_schema.get('function'))
+                and not (default is None and ser_schema.get('when_used') in ('unless-none', 'json-unless-none'))
+            ):
+                try:
+                    default = ser_func(default)  # type: ignore
+                except Exception:
+                    # It might be that the provided default needs to be validated (read: parsed) first
+                    # (assuming `validate_default` is enabled). However, we can't perform
+                    # such validation during JSON Schema generation so we don't support
+                    # this pattern for now.
+                    # (One example is when using `foo: ByteSize = '1MB'`, which validates and
+                    # serializes as an int. In this case, `ser_func` is `int` and `int('1MB')` fails).
+                    self.emit_warning(
+                        'non-serializable-default',
+                        f'Unable to serialize value {default!r} with the plain serializer; excluding default from JSON schema',
+                    )
+                    return json_schema
+
+        # Sort set/frozenset defaults to ensure deterministic JSON schema generation
+        # We only sort if len > 1 because sets of size 0 or 1 are already deterministic
+        if isinstance(default, collections.abc.Set) and len(default) > 1:
+            try:
+                default = sorted(default)
+            except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # If items aren't comparable (e.g. mixed types), we can't sort them.
+                pass
+
+        try:
+            encoded_default = self.encode_default(default)
+        except pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError:
+            self.emit_warning(
+                'non-serializable-default',
+                f'Default value {default} is not JSON serializable; excluding default from JSON schema',
+            )
+            # Return the inner schema, as though there was no default
+            return json_schema
+
+        json_schema['default'] = encoded_default
+        return json_schema
+
+    def get_default_value(self, schema: core_schema.WithDefaultSchema) -> Any:
+        """Get the default value to be used when generating a JSON Schema for a core schema with a default.
+
+        The default implementation is to use the statically defined default value. This method can be overridden
+        if you want to make use of the default factory.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The `'with-default'` core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value to use, or [`NoDefault`][pydantic.json_schema.NoDefault] if no default
+                value is available.
+        """
+        return schema.get('default', NoDefault)
+
+    def nullable_schema(self, schema: core_schema.NullableSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows null values.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        null_schema = {'type': 'null'}
+        inner_json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+        if inner_json_schema == null_schema:
+            return null_schema
+        else:
+            return self.get_union_of_schemas([inner_json_schema, null_schema])
+
+    def union_schema(self, schema: core_schema.UnionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching any of the given schemas.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        generated: list[JsonSchemaValue] = []
+
+        for choice in core_schema.iter_union_choices(schema):
+            try:
+                generated.append(self.generate_inner(choice))
+            except PydanticOmit:  # noqa: PERF203
+                continue
+            except PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema as exc:
+                self.emit_warning('skipped-choice', exc.message)
+        if len(generated) == 1:
+            return generated[0]
+        return self.get_union_of_schemas(generated)
+
+    def get_union_of_schemas(self, schemas: list[JsonSchemaValue]) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Returns the JSON Schema representation for the union of the provided JSON Schemas.
+
+        The result depends on the configured `'union_format'`.
+
+        Args:
+            schemas: The list of JSON Schemas to be included in the union.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON Schema representing the union of schemas.
+        """
+        if self.union_format == 'primitive_type_array':
+            types: list[str] = []
+            for schema in schemas:
+                schema_types: list[str] | str | None = schema.get('type')
+                if schema_types is None:
+                    # No type, meaning it can be a ref or an empty schema.
+                    break
+                if not isinstance(schema_types, list):
+                    schema_types = [schema_types]
+                if not all(t in _PRIMITIVE_JSON_SCHEMA_TYPES for t in schema_types):
+                    break
+                if len(schema) != 1:
+                    # We only want to include types that don't have any constraints. For instance,
+                    # if `schemas = [{'type': 'string', 'maxLength': 3}, {'type': 'string', 'minLength': 5}]`,
+                    # we don't want to produce `{'type': 'string', 'maxLength': 3, 'minLength': 5}`.
+                    # Same if we have some metadata (e.g. `title`) on a specific union member, we want to preserve it.
+                    break
+
+                types.extend(schema_types)
+            else:
+                # If we got there, all the schemas where valid to be used with the `'primitive_type_array` format
+                return {'type': list(dict.fromkeys(types))}
+
+        return self.get_flattened_anyof(schemas)
+
+    def tagged_union_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching any of the given schemas, where
+        the schemas are tagged with a discriminator field that indicates which schema should be used to validate
+        the value.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        generated: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        for k, v in schema['choices'].items():
+            if isinstance(k, Enum):
+                k = k.value
+            try:
+                # Use str(k) since keys must be strings for json; while not technically correct,
+                # it's the closest that can be represented in valid JSON
+                generated[str(k)] = self.generate_inner(v).copy()
+            except PydanticOmit:
+                continue
+            except PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema as exc:
+                self.emit_warning('skipped-choice', exc.message)
+
+        one_of_choices = _deduplicate_schemas(generated.values())
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'oneOf': one_of_choices}
+
+        # This reflects the v1 behavior; TODO: we should make it possible to exclude OpenAPI stuff from the JSON schema
+        openapi_discriminator = self._extract_discriminator(schema, one_of_choices)
+        if openapi_discriminator is not None:
+            json_schema['discriminator'] = {
+                'propertyName': openapi_discriminator,
+                'mapping': {k: v.get('$ref', v) for k, v in generated.items()},
+            }
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def _extract_discriminator(
+        self, schema: core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema, one_of_choices: list[JsonDict]
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """Extract a compatible OpenAPI discriminator from the schema and one_of choices that end up in the final
+        schema."""
+        openapi_discriminator: str | None = None
+
+        if isinstance(schema['discriminator'], str):
+            return schema['discriminator']
+
+        if isinstance(schema['discriminator'], list):
+            # If the discriminator is a single item list containing a string, that is equivalent to the string case
+            if len(schema['discriminator']) == 1 and isinstance(schema['discriminator'][0], str):
+                return schema['discriminator'][0]
+            # When an alias is used that is different from the field name, the discriminator will be a list of single
+            # str lists, one for the attribute and one for the actual alias. The logic here will work even if there is
+            # more than one possible attribute, and looks for whether a single alias choice is present as a documented
+            # property on all choices. If so, that property will be used as the OpenAPI discriminator.
+            for alias_path in schema['discriminator']:
+                if not isinstance(alias_path, list):
+                    break  # this means that the discriminator is not a list of alias paths
+                if len(alias_path) != 1:
+                    continue  # this means that the "alias" does not represent a single field
+                alias = alias_path[0]
+                if not isinstance(alias, str):
+                    continue  # this means that the "alias" does not represent a field
+                alias_is_present_on_all_choices = True
+                for choice in one_of_choices:
+                    try:
+                        choice = self.resolve_ref_schema(choice)
+                    except RuntimeError as exc:
+                        # TODO: fixme - this is a workaround for the fact that we can't always resolve refs
+                        # for tagged union choices at this point in the schema gen process, we might need to do
+                        # another pass at the end like we do for core schemas
+                        self.emit_warning('skipped-discriminator', str(exc))
+                        choice = {}
+                    properties = choice.get('properties', {})
+                    if not isinstance(properties, dict) or alias not in properties:
+                        alias_is_present_on_all_choices = False
+                        break
+                if alias_is_present_on_all_choices:
+                    openapi_discriminator = alias
+                    break
+        return openapi_discriminator
+
+    def chain_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ChainSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a core_schema.ChainSchema.
+
+        When generating a schema for validation, we return the validation JSON schema for the first step in the chain.
+        For serialization, we return the serialization JSON schema for the last step in the chain.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        step_index = 0 if self.mode == 'validation' else -1  # use first step for validation, last for serialization
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['steps'][step_index])
+
+    def lax_or_strict_schema(self, schema: core_schema.LaxOrStrictSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching either the lax schema or the
+        strict schema.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # TODO: Need to read the default value off of model config or whatever
+        use_strict = schema.get('strict', False)  # TODO: replace this default False
+        # If your JSON schema fails to generate it is probably
+        # because one of the following two branches failed.
+        if use_strict:
+            return self.generate_inner(schema['strict_schema'])
+        else:
+            return self.generate_inner(schema['lax_schema'])
+
+    def json_or_python_schema(self, schema: core_schema.JsonOrPythonSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that allows values matching either the JSON schema or the
+        Python schema.
+
+        The JSON schema is used instead of the Python schema. If you want to use the Python schema, you should override
+        this method.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['json_schema'])
+
+    def typed_dict_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TypedDictSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a typed dict.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        total = schema.get('total', True)
+        named_required_fields: list[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]] = [
+            (name, self.field_is_required(field, total), field)
+            for name, field in schema['fields'].items()
+            if self.field_is_present(field)
+        ]
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            named_required_fields.extend(self._name_required_computed_fields(schema.get('computed_fields', [])))
+        cls = schema.get('cls')
+        config = _get_typed_dict_config(cls)
+        with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+            json_schema = self._named_required_fields_schema(named_required_fields)
+
+        # There's some duplication between `extra_behavior` and
+        # the config's `extra`/core config's `extra_fields_behavior`.
+        # However, it is common to manually create TypedDictSchemas,
+        # where you don't necessarily have a class.
+        # At runtime, `extra_behavior` takes priority over the config
+        # for validation, so follow the same for the JSON Schema:
+        if 'extras_schema' in schema and schema['extras_schema'] != core_schema.any_schema():
+            allow_additional_props = self.generate_inner(schema['extras_schema'])
+        else:
+            allow_additional_props = True
+
+        if schema.get('extra_behavior') == 'forbid':
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+        elif schema.get('extra_behavior') == 'allow':
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = allow_additional_props
+
+        if cls is not None:
+            # `_update_class_schema()` will not override
+            # `additionalProperties` if already present:
+            self._update_class_schema(json_schema, cls, config)
+        elif 'additionalProperties' not in json_schema:
+            extra = schema.get('config', {}).get('extra_fields_behavior')
+            if extra == 'forbid':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+            elif extra == 'allow':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = allow_additional_props
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _name_required_computed_fields(
+        computed_fields: list[ComputedField],
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, bool, core_schema.ComputedField]]:
+        return [(field['property_name'], True, field) for field in computed_fields]
+
+    def _named_required_fields_schema(
+        self, named_required_fields: Sequence[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]]
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        properties: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        required_fields: list[str] = []
+        for name, required, field in named_required_fields:
+            if self.by_alias:
+                name = self._get_alias_name(field, name)
+            try:
+                field_json_schema = self.generate_inner(field).copy()
+            except PydanticOmit:
+                continue
+            if 'title' not in field_json_schema and self.field_title_should_be_set(field):
+                title = self.get_title_from_name(name)
+                field_json_schema['title'] = title
+            field_json_schema = self.handle_ref_overrides(field_json_schema)
+            properties[name] = field_json_schema
+            if required:
+                required_fields.append(name)
+
+        json_schema = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required_fields:
+            json_schema['required'] = required_fields
+        return json_schema
+
+    def _get_alias_name(self, field: CoreSchemaField, name: str) -> str:
+        if field['type'] == 'computed-field':
+            alias: Any = field.get('alias', name)
+        elif self.mode == 'validation':
+            alias = field.get('validation_alias', name)
+        else:
+            alias = field.get('serialization_alias', name)
+        if isinstance(alias, str):
+            name = alias
+        elif isinstance(alias, list):
+            alias = cast('list[str] | str', alias)
+            for path in alias:
+                if isinstance(path, list) and len(path) == 1 and isinstance(path[0], str):
+                    # Use the first valid single-item string path; the code that constructs the alias array
+                    # should ensure the first such item is what belongs in the JSON schema
+                    name = path[0]
+                    break
+        else:
+            assert_never(alias)
+        return name
+
+    def typed_dict_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.TypedDictField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a typed dict field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def dataclass_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DataclassField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a dataclass field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def model_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ModelField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a model field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def computed_field_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ComputedField) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a computed field.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['return_schema'])
+
+    def model_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ModelSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a model.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # We do not use schema['model'].model_json_schema() here
+        # because it could lead to inconsistent refs handling, etc.
+        cls = cast('type[BaseModel]', schema['cls'])
+        config = cls.model_config
+
+        with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+            json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+        self._update_class_schema(json_schema, cls, config)
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def _update_class_schema(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue, cls: type[Any], config: ConfigDict) -> None:
+        """Update json_schema with the following, extracted from `config` and `cls`:
+
+        * title
+        * description
+        * additional properties
+        * json_schema_extra
+        * deprecated
+
+        Done in place, hence there's no return value as the original json_schema is mutated.
+        No ref resolving is involved here, as that's not appropriate for simple updates.
+        """
+        from ._internal._dataclasses import is_stdlib_dataclass
+        from .main import BaseModel
+
+        if (config_title := config.get('title')) is not None:
+            json_schema.setdefault('title', config_title)
+        elif model_title_generator := config.get('model_title_generator'):
+            title = model_title_generator(cls)
+            if not isinstance(title, str):
+                raise TypeError(f'model_title_generator {model_title_generator} must return str, not {title.__class__}')
+            json_schema.setdefault('title', title)
+        if 'title' not in json_schema:
+            json_schema['title'] = cls.__name__
+
+        # BaseModel and dataclasses; don't use cls.__doc__ as it will contain the verbose class signature by default
+        if cls is BaseModel:
+            docstring = None
+        elif is_stdlib_dataclass(cls):  # For Pydantic dataclasses, we already handle this at class creation
+            # The `dataclass` module generates a `__doc__` based on the `inspect.signature()`
+            # result, which we don't want to use as a description. Such `__doc__` startswith
+            # `cls.__name__(`, which could lead to mistakenly discarding it if for some reason
+            # an explicitly set class docstring follows the same pattern, but this is unlikely
+            # to happen.
+            doc = cls.__doc__
+            docstring = None if doc is None or doc.startswith(f'{cls.__name__}(') else doc
+        else:
+            docstring = cls.__doc__
+
+        if docstring:
+            json_schema.setdefault('description', inspect.cleandoc(docstring))
+
+        extra = config.get('extra')
+        if 'additionalProperties' not in json_schema:  # This check is particularly important for `typed_dict_schema()`
+            if extra == 'allow':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = True
+            elif extra == 'forbid':
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+
+        json_schema_extra = config.get('json_schema_extra')
+        if issubclass(cls, BaseModel) and cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
+            root_json_schema_extra = cls.model_fields['root'].json_schema_extra
+            if json_schema_extra and root_json_schema_extra:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '"model_config[\'json_schema_extra\']" and "Field.json_schema_extra" on "RootModel.root"'
+                    ' field must not be set simultaneously'
+                )
+            if root_json_schema_extra:
+                json_schema_extra = root_json_schema_extra
+
+        if isinstance(json_schema_extra, (staticmethod, classmethod)):
+            # In older versions of python, this is necessary to ensure staticmethod/classmethods are callable
+            json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra.__get__(cls)
+
+        if isinstance(json_schema_extra, dict):
+            json_schema.update(json_schema_extra)
+        elif callable(json_schema_extra):
+            if len(_typing_extra.signature_no_eval(json_schema_extra).parameters) > 1:
+                json_schema_extra = cast(Callable[[JsonDict, type[Any]], None], json_schema_extra)
+                json_schema_extra(json_schema, cls)
+            else:
+                json_schema_extra = cast(Callable[[JsonDict], None], json_schema_extra)
+                json_schema_extra(json_schema)
+        elif json_schema_extra is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"model_config['json_schema_extra']={json_schema_extra} should be a dict, callable, or None"
+            )
+
+        if hasattr(cls, '__deprecated__'):
+            json_schema['deprecated'] = True
+
+    def resolve_ref_schema(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Resolve a JsonSchemaValue to the non-ref schema if it is a $ref schema.
+
+        Args:
+            json_schema: The schema to resolve.
+
+        Returns:
+            The resolved schema.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the schema reference can't be found in definitions.
+        """
+        while '$ref' in json_schema:
+            ref = json_schema['$ref']
+            schema_to_update = self.get_schema_from_definitions(JsonRef(ref))
+            if schema_to_update is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Cannot update undefined schema for $ref={ref}')
+            json_schema = schema_to_update
+        return json_schema
+
+    def model_fields_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ModelFieldsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a model's fields.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        named_required_fields: list[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]] = [
+            (name, self.field_is_required(field, total=True), field)
+            for name, field in schema['fields'].items()
+            if self.field_is_present(field)
+        ]
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            named_required_fields.extend(self._name_required_computed_fields(schema.get('computed_fields', [])))
+        json_schema = self._named_required_fields_schema(named_required_fields)
+        extras_schema = schema.get('extras_schema', None)
+        if extras_schema is not None:
+            schema_to_update = self.resolve_ref_schema(json_schema)
+            schema_to_update['additionalProperties'] = self.generate_inner(extras_schema)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def field_is_present(self, field: CoreSchemaField) -> bool:
+        """Whether the field should be included in the generated JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The schema for the field itself.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field should be included in the generated JSON schema, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            # If you still want to include the field in the generated JSON schema,
+            # override this method and return True
+            return not field.get('serialization_exclude')
+        elif self.mode == 'validation':
+            return True
+        else:
+            assert_never(self.mode)
+
+    def field_is_required(
+        self,
+        field: core_schema.ModelField | core_schema.DataclassField | core_schema.TypedDictField,
+        total: bool,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Whether the field should be marked as required in the generated JSON schema.
+        (Note that this is irrelevant if the field is not present in the JSON schema.).
+
+        Args:
+            field: The schema for the field itself.
+            total: Only applies to `TypedDictField`s.
+                Indicates if the `TypedDict` this field belongs to is total, in which case any fields that don't
+                explicitly specify `required=False` are required.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field should be marked as required in the generated JSON schema, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        if field['type'] == 'typed-dict-field':
+            required = field.get('required', total)
+        else:
+            required = field['schema']['type'] != 'default'
+
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            has_exclude_if = field.get('serialization_exclude_if') is not None
+            if self._config.json_schema_serialization_defaults_required:
+                return not has_exclude_if
+            else:
+                return required and not has_exclude_if
+        else:
+            return required
+
+    def dataclass_args_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DataclassArgsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a dataclass's constructor arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        named_required_fields: list[tuple[str, bool, CoreSchemaField]] = [
+            (field['name'], self.field_is_required(field, total=True), field)
+            for field in schema['fields']
+            if self.field_is_present(field)
+        ]
+        if self.mode == 'serialization':
+            named_required_fields.extend(self._name_required_computed_fields(schema.get('computed_fields', [])))
+        return self._named_required_fields_schema(named_required_fields)
+
+    def dataclass_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DataclassSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a dataclass.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+
+        cls = schema['cls']
+        config = cast('ConfigDict', getattr(cls, '__pydantic_config__', {}))
+
+        with self._config_wrapper_stack.push(config):
+            json_schema = self.generate_inner(schema['schema']).copy()
+
+        self._update_class_schema(json_schema, cls, config)
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def arguments_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ArgumentsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        prefer_positional = schema.get('metadata', {}).get('pydantic_js_prefer_positional_arguments')
+
+        arguments = schema['arguments_schema']
+        kw_only_arguments = [a for a in arguments if a.get('mode') == 'keyword_only']
+        kw_or_p_arguments = [a for a in arguments if a.get('mode') in {'positional_or_keyword', None}]
+        p_only_arguments = [a for a in arguments if a.get('mode') == 'positional_only']
+        var_args_schema = schema.get('var_args_schema')
+        var_kwargs_schema = schema.get('var_kwargs_schema')
+
+        if prefer_positional:
+            positional_possible = not kw_only_arguments and not var_kwargs_schema
+            if positional_possible:
+                return self.p_arguments_schema(p_only_arguments + kw_or_p_arguments, var_args_schema)
+
+        keyword_possible = not p_only_arguments and not var_args_schema
+        if keyword_possible:
+            return self.kw_arguments_schema(kw_or_p_arguments + kw_only_arguments, var_kwargs_schema)
+
+        if not prefer_positional:
+            positional_possible = not kw_only_arguments and not var_kwargs_schema
+            if positional_possible:
+                return self.p_arguments_schema(p_only_arguments + kw_or_p_arguments, var_args_schema)
+
+        raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(
+            'Unable to generate JSON schema for arguments validator with positional-only and keyword-only arguments'
+        )
+
+    def kw_arguments_schema(
+        self, arguments: list[core_schema.ArgumentsParameter], var_kwargs_schema: CoreSchema | None
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's keyword arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            arguments: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        properties: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        required: list[str] = []
+        for argument in arguments:
+            name = self.get_argument_name(argument)
+            argument_schema = self.generate_inner(argument['schema']).copy()
+            if 'title' not in argument_schema and self.field_title_should_be_set(argument['schema']):
+                argument_schema['title'] = self.get_title_from_name(name)
+            properties[name] = argument_schema
+
+            if argument['schema']['type'] != 'default':
+                # This assumes that if the argument has a default value,
+                # the inner schema must be of type WithDefaultSchema.
+                # I believe this is true, but I am not 100% sure
+                required.append(name)
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required:
+            json_schema['required'] = required
+
+        if var_kwargs_schema:
+            additional_properties_schema = self.generate_inner(var_kwargs_schema)
+            if additional_properties_schema:
+                json_schema['additionalProperties'] = additional_properties_schema
+        else:
+            json_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+        return json_schema
+
+    def p_arguments_schema(
+        self, arguments: list[core_schema.ArgumentsParameter], var_args_schema: CoreSchema | None
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's positional arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            arguments: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        prefix_items: list[JsonSchemaValue] = []
+        min_items = 0
+
+        for argument in arguments:
+            name = self.get_argument_name(argument)
+
+            argument_schema = self.generate_inner(argument['schema']).copy()
+            if 'title' not in argument_schema and self.field_title_should_be_set(argument['schema']):
+                argument_schema['title'] = self.get_title_from_name(name)
+            prefix_items.append(argument_schema)
+
+            if argument['schema']['type'] != 'default':
+                # This assumes that if the argument has a default value,
+                # the inner schema must be of type WithDefaultSchema.
+                # I believe this is true, but I am not 100% sure
+                min_items += 1
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'array'}
+        if prefix_items:
+            json_schema['prefixItems'] = prefix_items
+        if min_items:
+            json_schema['minItems'] = min_items
+
+        if var_args_schema:
+            items_schema = self.generate_inner(var_args_schema)
+            if items_schema:
+                json_schema['items'] = items_schema
+        else:
+            json_schema['maxItems'] = len(prefix_items)
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def get_argument_name(self, argument: core_schema.ArgumentsParameter | core_schema.ArgumentsV3Parameter) -> str:
+        """Retrieves the name of an argument.
+
+        Args:
+            argument: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The name of the argument.
+        """
+        name = argument['name']
+        if self.by_alias:
+            alias = argument.get('alias')
+            if isinstance(alias, str):
+                name = alias
+            else:
+                pass  # might want to do something else?
+        return name
+
+    def arguments_v3_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ArgumentsV3Schema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function's arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        arguments = schema['arguments_schema']
+        properties: dict[str, JsonSchemaValue] = {}
+        required: list[str] = []
+        for argument in arguments:
+            mode = argument.get('mode', 'positional_or_keyword')
+            name = self.get_argument_name(argument)
+            argument_schema = self.generate_inner(argument['schema']).copy()
+            if mode == 'var_args':
+                argument_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': argument_schema}
+            elif mode == 'var_kwargs_uniform':
+                argument_schema = {'type': 'object', 'additionalProperties': argument_schema}
+
+            argument_schema.setdefault('title', self.get_title_from_name(name))
+            properties[name] = argument_schema
+
+            if (
+                (mode == 'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict' and 'required' in argument_schema)
+                or mode not in {'var_args', 'var_kwargs_uniform', 'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict'}
+                and argument['schema']['type'] != 'default'
+            ):
+                # This assumes that if the argument has a default value,
+                # the inner schema must be of type WithDefaultSchema.
+                # I believe this is true, but I am not 100% sure
+                required.append(name)
+
+        json_schema: JsonSchemaValue = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required:
+            json_schema['required'] = required
+        return json_schema
+
+    def call_schema(self, schema: core_schema.CallSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a function call.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['arguments_schema'])
+
+    def custom_error_schema(self, schema: core_schema.CustomErrorSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a custom error.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def json_schema(self, schema: core_schema.JsonSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a JSON object.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        content_core_schema = schema.get('schema') or core_schema.any_schema()
+        content_json_schema = self.generate_inner(content_core_schema)
+        if self.mode == 'validation':
+            return {'type': 'string', 'contentMediaType': 'application/json', 'contentSchema': content_json_schema}
+        else:
+            # self.mode == 'serialization'
+            return content_json_schema
+
+    def url_schema(self, schema: core_schema.UrlSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a URL.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'uri', 'minLength': 1}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.string)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def multi_host_url_schema(self, schema: core_schema.MultiHostUrlSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a URL that can be used with multiple hosts.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        # Note: 'multi-host-uri' is a custom/pydantic-specific format, not part of the JSON Schema spec
+        json_schema = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'multi-host-uri', 'minLength': 1}
+        self.update_with_validations(json_schema, schema, self.ValidationsMapping.string)
+        return json_schema
+
+    def uuid_schema(self, schema: core_schema.UuidSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a UUID.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string', 'format': 'uuid'}
+
+    def definitions_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DefinitionsSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a JSON object with definitions.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        for definition in schema['definitions']:
+            try:
+                self.generate_inner(definition)
+            except PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema as e:  # noqa: PERF203
+                core_ref: CoreRef = CoreRef(definition['ref'])  # type: ignore
+                self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema[self.get_defs_ref((core_ref, self.mode))] = e
+                continue
+        return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+
+    def definition_ref_schema(self, schema: core_schema.DefinitionReferenceSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that references a definition.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        core_ref = CoreRef(schema['schema_ref'])
+        _, ref_json_schema = self.get_cache_defs_ref_schema(core_ref)
+        return ref_json_schema
+
+    def ser_schema(
+        self, schema: core_schema.SerSchema | core_schema.IncExSeqSerSchema | core_schema.IncExDictSerSchema
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue | None:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a schema that defines a serialized object.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        schema_type = schema['type']
+        if schema_type == 'function-plain' or schema_type == 'function-wrap':
+            # PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema or WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema
+            return_schema = schema.get('return_schema')
+            if return_schema is not None:
+                return self.generate_inner(return_schema)
+        elif schema_type == 'format' or schema_type == 'to-string':
+            # FormatSerSchema or ToStringSerSchema
+            return self.str_schema(core_schema.str_schema())
+        elif schema['type'] == 'model':
+            # ModelSerSchema
+            return self.generate_inner(schema['schema'])
+        return None
+
+    def complex_schema(self, schema: core_schema.ComplexSchema) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Generates a JSON schema that matches a complex number.
+
+        JSON has no standard way to represent complex numbers. Complex number is not a numeric
+        type. Here we represent complex number as strings following the rule defined by Python.
+        For instance, '1+2j' is an accepted complex string. Details can be found in
+        [Python's `complex` documentation][complex].
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The core schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The generated JSON schema.
+        """
+        return {'type': 'string'}
+
+    # ### Utility methods
+
+    def get_title_from_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Retrieves a title from a name.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name to retrieve a title from.
+
+        Returns:
+            The title.
+        """
+        return name.title().replace('_', ' ').strip()
+
+    def field_title_should_be_set(self, schema: CoreSchemaOrField) -> bool:
+        """Returns true if a field with the given schema should have a title set based on the field name.
+
+        Intuitively, we want this to return true for schemas that wouldn't otherwise provide their own title
+        (e.g., int, float, str), and false for those that would (e.g., BaseModel subclasses).
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The schema to check.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the field should have a title set, `False` otherwise.
+        """
+        if _core_utils.is_core_schema_field(schema):
+            if schema['type'] == 'computed-field':
+                field_schema = schema['return_schema']
+            else:
+                field_schema = schema['schema']
+            return self.field_title_should_be_set(field_schema)
+
+        elif _core_utils.is_core_schema(schema):
+            if schema.get('ref'):  # things with refs, such as models and enums, should not have titles set
+                return False
+            if schema['type'] in {'default', 'nullable', 'definitions'}:
+                return self.field_title_should_be_set(schema['schema'])  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            if _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(schema):
+                return self.field_title_should_be_set(schema['schema'])
+            if schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+                # Referenced schemas should not have titles set for the same reason
+                # schemas with refs should not
+                return False
+            return True  # anything else should have title set
+
+        else:
+            raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(f'Unexpected schema type: schema={schema}')  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def normalize_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Normalizes a name to be used as a key in a dictionary.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name to normalize.
+
+        Returns:
+            The normalized name.
+        """
+        return re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]', '_', name).replace('.', '__')
+
+    def get_defs_ref(self, core_mode_ref: CoreModeRef) -> DefsRef:
+        """Override this method to change the way that definitions keys are generated from a core reference.
+
+        Args:
+            core_mode_ref: The core reference.
+
+        Returns:
+            The definitions key.
+        """
+        # Split the core ref into "components"; generic origins and arguments are each separate components
+        core_ref, mode = core_mode_ref
+        components = re.split(r'([\][,])', core_ref)
+        # Remove IDs from each component
+        components = [x.rsplit(':', 1)[0] for x in components]
+        core_ref_no_id = ''.join(components)
+        # Remove everything before the last period from each "component"
+        components = [re.sub(r'(?:[^.[\]]+\.)+((?:[^.[\]]+))', r'\1', x) for x in components]
+        short_ref = ''.join(components)
+
+        mode_title = _MODE_TITLE_MAPPING[mode]
+
+        # It is important that the generated defs_ref values be such that at least one choice will not
+        # be generated for any other core_ref. Currently, this should be the case because we include
+        # the id of the source type in the core_ref
+        name = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(short_ref))
+        name_mode = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(short_ref) + f'-{mode_title}')
+        module_qualname = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(core_ref_no_id))
+        module_qualname_mode = DefsRef(f'{module_qualname}-{mode_title}')
+        module_qualname_id = DefsRef(self.normalize_name(core_ref))
+        occurrence_index = self._collision_index.get(module_qualname_id)
+        if occurrence_index is None:
+            self._collision_counter[module_qualname] += 1
+            occurrence_index = self._collision_index[module_qualname_id] = self._collision_counter[module_qualname]
+
+        module_qualname_occurrence = DefsRef(f'{module_qualname}__{occurrence_index}')
+        module_qualname_occurrence_mode = DefsRef(f'{module_qualname_mode}__{occurrence_index}')
+
+        self._prioritized_defsref_choices[module_qualname_occurrence_mode] = [
+            name,
+            name_mode,
+            module_qualname,
+            module_qualname_mode,
+            module_qualname_occurrence,
+            module_qualname_occurrence_mode,
+        ]
+
+        return module_qualname_occurrence_mode
+
+    def get_cache_defs_ref_schema(self, core_ref: CoreRef) -> tuple[DefsRef, JsonSchemaValue]:
+        """This method wraps the get_defs_ref method with some cache-lookup/population logic,
+        and returns both the produced defs_ref and the JSON schema that will refer to the right definition.
+
+        Args:
+            core_ref: The core reference to get the definitions reference for.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of the definitions reference and the JSON schema that will refer to it.
+        """
+        core_mode_ref = (core_ref, self.mode)
+        maybe_defs_ref = self.core_to_defs_refs.get(core_mode_ref)
+        if maybe_defs_ref is not None:
+            json_ref = self.core_to_json_refs[core_mode_ref]
+            return maybe_defs_ref, {'$ref': json_ref}
+
+        defs_ref = self.get_defs_ref(core_mode_ref)
+
+        # populate the ref translation mappings
+        self.core_to_defs_refs[core_mode_ref] = defs_ref
+        self.defs_to_core_refs[defs_ref] = core_mode_ref
+
+        json_ref = JsonRef(self.ref_template.format(model=defs_ref))
+        self.core_to_json_refs[core_mode_ref] = json_ref
+        self.json_to_defs_refs[json_ref] = defs_ref
+        ref_json_schema = {'$ref': json_ref}
+        return defs_ref, ref_json_schema
+
+    def handle_ref_overrides(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Remove any sibling keys that are redundant with the referenced schema.
+
+        Args:
+            json_schema: The schema to remove redundant sibling keys from.
+
+        Returns:
+            The schema with redundant sibling keys removed.
+        """
+        if '$ref' in json_schema:
+            # prevent modifications to the input; this copy may be safe to drop if there is significant overhead
+            json_schema = json_schema.copy()
+
+            referenced_json_schema = self.get_schema_from_definitions(JsonRef(json_schema['$ref']))
+            if referenced_json_schema is None:
+                # This can happen when building schemas for models with not-yet-defined references.
+                # It may be a good idea to do a recursive pass at the end of the generation to remove
+                # any redundant override keys.
+                return json_schema
+            for k, v in list(json_schema.items()):
+                if k == '$ref':
+                    continue
+                if k in referenced_json_schema and referenced_json_schema[k] == v:
+                    del json_schema[k]  # redundant key
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def get_schema_from_definitions(self, json_ref: JsonRef) -> JsonSchemaValue | None:
+        try:
+            def_ref = self.json_to_defs_refs[json_ref]
+            if def_ref in self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema:
+                raise self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema[def_ref]
+            return self.definitions.get(def_ref, None)
+        except KeyError:
+            if json_ref.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+                return None
+            raise
+
+    def encode_default(self, dft: Any) -> Any:
+        """Encode a default value to a JSON-serializable value.
+
+        This is used to encode default values for fields in the generated JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            dft: The default value to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded default value.
+        """
+        from .type_adapter import TypeAdapter, _type_has_config
+
+        config = self._config
+        try:
+            default = (
+                dft
+                if _type_has_config(type(dft))
+                else TypeAdapter(type(dft), config=config.config_dict).dump_python(
+                    dft, by_alias=self.by_alias, mode='json'
+                )
+            )
+        except PydanticSchemaGenerationError:
+            raise pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError(f'Unable to encode default value {dft}')
+
+        return pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(
+            default, timedelta_mode=config.ser_json_timedelta, bytes_mode=config.ser_json_bytes, by_alias=self.by_alias
+        )
+
+    def update_with_validations(
+        self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue, core_schema: CoreSchema, mapping: dict[str, str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Update the json_schema with the corresponding validations specified in the core_schema,
+        using the provided mapping to translate keys in core_schema to the appropriate keys for a JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            json_schema: The JSON schema to update.
+            core_schema: The core schema to get the validations from.
+            mapping: A mapping from core_schema attribute names to the corresponding JSON schema attribute names.
+        """
+        for core_key, json_schema_key in mapping.items():
+            if core_key in core_schema:
+                json_schema[json_schema_key] = core_schema[core_key]
+
+    class ValidationsMapping:
+        """This class just contains mappings from core_schema attribute names to the corresponding
+        JSON schema attribute names. While I suspect it is unlikely to be necessary, you can in
+        principle override this class in a subclass of GenerateJsonSchema (by inheriting from
+        GenerateJsonSchema.ValidationsMapping) to change these mappings.
+        """
+
+        numeric = {
+            'multiple_of': 'multipleOf',
+            'le': 'maximum',
+            'ge': 'minimum',
+            'lt': 'exclusiveMaximum',
+            'gt': 'exclusiveMinimum',
+        }
+        bytes = {
+            'min_length': 'minLength',
+            'max_length': 'maxLength',
+        }
+        string = {
+            'min_length': 'minLength',
+            'max_length': 'maxLength',
+            'pattern': 'pattern',
+        }
+        array = {
+            'min_length': 'minItems',
+            'max_length': 'maxItems',
+        }
+        object = {
+            'min_length': 'minProperties',
+            'max_length': 'maxProperties',
+        }
+
+    def get_flattened_anyof(self, schemas: list[JsonSchemaValue]) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        members = []
+        for schema in schemas:
+            if len(schema) == 1 and 'anyOf' in schema:
+                members.extend(schema['anyOf'])
+            else:
+                members.append(schema)
+        members = _deduplicate_schemas(members)
+        if len(members) == 1:
+            return members[0]
+        return {'anyOf': members}
+
+    def get_json_ref_counts(self, json_schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> dict[JsonRef, int]:
+        """Get all values corresponding to the key '$ref' anywhere in the json_schema."""
+        json_refs: dict[JsonRef, int] = Counter()
+
+        def _add_json_refs(schema: Any) -> None:
+            if isinstance(schema, dict):
+                if '$ref' in schema:
+                    json_ref = JsonRef(schema['$ref'])
+                    if not isinstance(json_ref, str):
+                        return  # in this case, '$ref' might have been the name of a property
+                    already_visited = json_ref in json_refs
+                    json_refs[json_ref] += 1
+                    if already_visited:
+                        return  # prevent recursion on a definition that was already visited
+                    try:
+                        defs_ref = self.json_to_defs_refs[json_ref]
+                        if defs_ref in self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema:
+                            raise self._core_defs_invalid_for_json_schema[defs_ref]
+                        _add_json_refs(self.definitions[defs_ref])
+                    except KeyError:
+                        if not json_ref.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+                            raise
+
+                for k, v in schema.items():
+                    if k == 'examples' and isinstance(v, list):
+                        # Skip examples that may contain arbitrary values and references
+                        # (see the comment in `_get_all_json_refs` for more details).
+                        continue
+                    _add_json_refs(v)
+            elif isinstance(schema, list):
+                for v in schema:
+                    _add_json_refs(v)
+
+        _add_json_refs(json_schema)
+        return json_refs
+
+    def handle_invalid_for_json_schema(self, schema: CoreSchemaOrField, error_info: str) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        raise PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema(f'Cannot generate a JsonSchema for {error_info}')
+
+    def emit_warning(self, kind: JsonSchemaWarningKind, detail: str) -> None:
+        """This method simply emits PydanticJsonSchemaWarnings based on handling in the `warning_message` method."""
+        message = self.render_warning_message(kind, detail)
+        if message is not None:
+            warnings.warn(message, PydanticJsonSchemaWarning)
+
+    def render_warning_message(self, kind: JsonSchemaWarningKind, detail: str) -> str | None:
+        """This method is responsible for ignoring warnings as desired, and for formatting the warning messages.
+
+        You can override the value of `ignored_warning_kinds` in a subclass of GenerateJsonSchema
+        to modify what warnings are generated. If you want more control, you can override this method;
+        just return None in situations where you don't want warnings to be emitted.
+
+        Args:
+            kind: The kind of warning to render. It can be one of the following:
+
+                - 'skipped-choice': A choice field was skipped because it had no valid choices.
+                - 'non-serializable-default': A default value was skipped because it was not JSON-serializable.
+            detail: A string with additional details about the warning.
+
+        Returns:
+            The formatted warning message, or `None` if no warning should be emitted.
+        """
+        if kind in self.ignored_warning_kinds:
+            return None
+        return f'{detail} [{kind}]'
+
+    def _build_definitions_remapping(self) -> _DefinitionsRemapping:
+        defs_to_json: dict[DefsRef, JsonRef] = {}
+        for defs_refs in self._prioritized_defsref_choices.values():
+            for defs_ref in defs_refs:
+                json_ref = JsonRef(self.ref_template.format(model=defs_ref))
+                defs_to_json[defs_ref] = json_ref
+
+        return _DefinitionsRemapping.from_prioritized_choices(
+            self._prioritized_defsref_choices, defs_to_json, self.definitions
+        )
+
+    def _garbage_collect_definitions(self, schema: JsonSchemaValue) -> None:
+        visited_defs_refs: set[DefsRef] = set()
+        unvisited_json_refs = _get_all_json_refs(schema)
+        while unvisited_json_refs:
+            next_json_ref = unvisited_json_refs.pop()
+            try:
+                next_defs_ref = self.json_to_defs_refs[next_json_ref]
+                if next_defs_ref in visited_defs_refs:
+                    continue
+                visited_defs_refs.add(next_defs_ref)
+                unvisited_json_refs.update(_get_all_json_refs(self.definitions[next_defs_ref]))
+            except KeyError:
+                if not next_json_ref.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+                    raise
+
+        self.definitions = {k: v for k, v in self.definitions.items() if k in visited_defs_refs}
+
+
+# ##### Start JSON Schema Generation Functions #####
+
+
+def model_json_schema(
+    cls: type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass],
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+    mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Utility function to generate a JSON Schema for a model.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The model class to generate a JSON Schema for.
+        by_alias: If `True` (the default), fields will be serialized according to their alias.
+            If `False`, fields will be serialized according to their attribute name.
+        ref_template: The template to use for generating JSON Schema references.
+        union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+              keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+            - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+              keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+              type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+              `any_of`.
+        schema_generator: The class to use for generating the JSON Schema.
+        mode: The mode to use for generating the JSON Schema. It can be one of the following:
+
+            - 'validation': Generate a JSON Schema for validating data.
+            - 'serialization': Generate a JSON Schema for serializing data.
+
+    Returns:
+        The generated JSON Schema.
+    """
+    from .main import BaseModel
+
+    schema_generator_instance = schema_generator(
+        by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format
+    )
+
+    if isinstance(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+        cls.__pydantic_core_schema__.rebuild()
+
+    if cls is BaseModel:
+        raise AttributeError('model_json_schema() must be called on a subclass of BaseModel, not BaseModel itself.')
+
+    assert not isinstance(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema), 'this is a bug! please report it'
+    return schema_generator_instance.generate(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, mode=mode)
+
+
+def models_json_schema(
+    models: Sequence[tuple[type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass], JsonSchemaMode]],
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    title: str | None = None,
+    description: str | None = None,
+    ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+) -> tuple[dict[tuple[type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass], JsonSchemaMode], JsonSchemaValue], JsonSchemaValue]:
+    """Utility function to generate a JSON Schema for multiple models.
+
+    Args:
+        models: A sequence of tuples of the form (model, mode).
+        by_alias: Whether field aliases should be used as keys in the generated JSON Schema.
+        title: The title of the generated JSON Schema.
+        description: The description of the generated JSON Schema.
+        ref_template: The reference template to use for generating JSON Schema references.
+        union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+              keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+            - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+              keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+              type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+              `any_of`.
+        schema_generator: The schema generator to use for generating the JSON Schema.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple where:
+            - The first element is a dictionary whose keys are tuples of JSON schema key type and JSON mode, and
+                whose values are the JSON schema corresponding to that pair of inputs. (These schemas may have
+                JsonRef references to definitions that are defined in the second returned element.)
+            - The second element is a JSON schema containing all definitions referenced in the first returned
+                    element, along with the optional title and description keys.
+    """
+    for cls, _ in models:
+        if isinstance(cls.__pydantic_core_schema__, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+            cls.__pydantic_core_schema__.rebuild()
+
+    instance = schema_generator(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format)
+    inputs: list[tuple[type[BaseModel] | type[PydanticDataclass], JsonSchemaMode, CoreSchema]] = [
+        (m, mode, m.__pydantic_core_schema__) for m, mode in models
+    ]
+    json_schemas_map, definitions = instance.generate_definitions(inputs)
+
+    json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if definitions:
+        json_schema['$defs'] = definitions
+    if title:
+        json_schema['title'] = title
+    if description:
+        json_schema['description'] = description
+
+    return json_schemas_map, json_schema
+
+
+# ##### End JSON Schema Generation Functions #####
+
+
+_HashableJsonValue: TypeAlias = Union[
+    int, float, str, bool, None, tuple['_HashableJsonValue', ...], tuple[tuple[str, '_HashableJsonValue'], ...]
+]
+
+
+def _deduplicate_schemas(schemas: Iterable[JsonDict]) -> list[JsonDict]:
+    return list({_make_json_hashable(schema): schema for schema in schemas}.values())
+
+
+def _make_json_hashable(value: JsonValue) -> _HashableJsonValue:
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        return tuple(sorted((k, _make_json_hashable(v)) for k, v in value.items()))
+    elif isinstance(value, list):
+        return tuple(_make_json_hashable(v) for v in value)
+    else:
+        return value
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class WithJsonSchema:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`WithJsonSchema` Annotation](../concepts/json_schema.md#withjsonschema-annotation)
+
+    An annotation used to override the JSON Schema for a type.
+
+    This is useful when you want to set a JSON Schema for a type that don't produce any JSON Schemas by default
+    (e.g. [`Callable`][collections.abc.Callable]).
+
+    If `mode` is set this will only apply to that schema generation mode, allowing you to set different JSON Schemas for validation and serialization.
+
+    !!! note
+        If the `WithJsonSchema` annotation is coupled with the [`Field()`][pydantic.Field] function, the behavior overriding will vary depending on the location:
+
+        * If the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] metadata is specified at the "top-level" field, `Field()` metadata arguments
+          (excluding [constraints](../concepts/fields.md#field-constraints)) such as `title` and `description` will be applied on
+          top of the `WithJsonSchema`, no matter the order:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, WithJsonSchema
+
+            class Model(BaseModel):
+                field: Annotated[
+                    int,
+                    Field(title='My Field'),
+                    WithJsonSchema({'type': 'integer', 'extra': 'data'}),
+                ]
+
+            Model.model_json_schema()['properties']['field']
+            #> {'type': 'integer', 'extra': 'data', 'title': 'My Field'}
+            ```
+
+        * If the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] metadata is specified on a specific inner type, `WithJsonSchema` will unconditionally
+          override the JSON Schema:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, WithJsonSchema
+
+            class Model(BaseModel):
+                field: list[
+                    Annotated[
+                        int,
+                        Field(title='My Field'),
+                        WithJsonSchema({'type': 'integer', 'extra': 'data'}),
+                    ]
+                ]
+
+            Model.model_json_schema()['properties']['field']
+            #> {'items': {'extra': 'data', 'type': 'integer'}, 'title': 'Field', 'type': 'array'}
+            ```
+
+        See also the documentation about [the annotated pattern](../concepts/fields.md#the-annotated-pattern).
+    """
+
+    json_schema: JsonSchemaValue | None
+    mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        if self.mode is not None and self.mode != handler.mode:
+            return handler(core_schema)
+        if self.json_schema is None:
+            # This exception is handled in pydantic.json_schema.GenerateJsonSchema._named_required_fields_schema
+            raise PydanticOmit
+        else:
+            return self.json_schema.copy()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(type(self.mode))
+
+
+class Examples:
+    """Add examples to a JSON schema.
+
+    If the JSON Schema already contains examples, the provided examples
+    will be appended.
+
+    If `mode` is set this will only apply to that schema generation mode,
+    allowing you to add different examples for validation and serialization.
+    """
+
+    @overload
+    @deprecated('Using a dict for `examples` is deprecated since v2.9 and will be removed in v3.0. Use a list instead.')
+    def __init__(
+        self, examples: dict[str, Any], mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(self, examples: list[Any], mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, examples: dict[str, Any] | list[Any], mode: Literal['validation', 'serialization'] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(examples, dict):
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Using a dict for `examples` is deprecated, use a list instead.',
+                PydanticDeprecatedSince29,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        self.examples = examples
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        mode = self.mode or handler.mode
+        json_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        if mode != handler.mode:
+            return json_schema
+        examples = json_schema.get('examples')
+        if examples is None:
+            json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(self.examples)
+        if isinstance(examples, dict):
+            if isinstance(self.examples, list):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    'Updating existing JSON Schema examples of type dict with examples of type list. '
+                    'Only the existing examples values will be retained. Note that dict support for '
+                    'examples is deprecated and will be removed in v3.0.',
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(
+                    [ex for value in examples.values() for ex in value] + self.examples
+                )
+            else:
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python({**examples, **self.examples})
+        if isinstance(examples, list):
+            if isinstance(self.examples, list):
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(examples + self.examples)
+            elif isinstance(self.examples, dict):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    'Updating existing JSON Schema examples of type list with examples of type dict. '
+                    'Only the examples values will be retained. Note that dict support for '
+                    'examples is deprecated and will be removed in v3.0.',
+                    UserWarning,
+                )
+                json_schema['examples'] = to_jsonable_python(
+                    examples + [ex for value in self.examples.values() for ex in value]
+                )
+
+        return json_schema
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(type(self.mode))
+
+
+def _get_all_json_refs(item: Any) -> set[JsonRef]:
+    """Get all the definitions references from a JSON schema."""
+    refs: set[JsonRef] = set()
+    stack = [item]
+
+    while stack:
+        current = stack.pop()
+        if isinstance(current, dict):
+            for key, value in current.items():
+                if key == 'examples' and isinstance(value, list):
+                    # Skip examples that may contain arbitrary values and references
+                    # (e.g. `{"examples": [{"$ref": "..."}]}`). Note: checking for value
+                    # of type list is necessary to avoid skipping valid portions of the schema,
+                    # for instance when "examples" is used as a property key. A more robust solution
+                    # could be found, but would require more advanced JSON Schema parsing logic.
+                    continue
+                if key == '$ref' and isinstance(value, str):
+                    refs.add(JsonRef(value))
+                elif isinstance(value, dict):
+                    stack.append(value)
+                elif isinstance(value, list):
+                    stack.extend(value)
+        elif isinstance(current, list):
+            stack.extend(current)
+
+    return refs
+
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    SkipJsonSchema = Annotated[AnyType, ...]
+else:
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+    class SkipJsonSchema:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`SkipJsonSchema` Annotation](../concepts/json_schema.md#skipjsonschema-annotation)
+
+        Add this as an annotation on a field to skip generating a JSON schema for that field.
+
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            from pprint import pprint
+            from typing import Union
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel
+            from pydantic.json_schema import SkipJsonSchema
+
+            class Model(BaseModel):
+                a: Union[int, None] = None  # (1)!
+                b: Union[int, SkipJsonSchema[None]] = None  # (2)!
+                c: SkipJsonSchema[Union[int, None]] = None  # (3)!
+
+            pprint(Model.model_json_schema())
+            '''
+            {
+                'properties': {
+                    'a': {
+                        'anyOf': [
+                            {'type': 'integer'},
+                            {'type': 'null'}
+                        ],
+                        'default': None,
+                        'title': 'A'
+                    },
+                    'b': {
+                        'default': None,
+                        'title': 'B',
+                        'type': 'integer'
+                    }
+                },
+                'title': 'Model',
+                'type': 'object'
+            }
+            '''
+            ```
+
+            1. The integer and null types are both included in the schema for `a`.
+            2. The integer type is the only type included in the schema for `b`.
+            3. The entirety of the `c` field is omitted from the schema.
+        """
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            self, core_schema: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            raise PydanticOmit
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(type(self))
+
+
+def _get_typed_dict_config(cls: type[Any] | None) -> ConfigDict:
+    if cls is not None:
+        try:
+            return _decorators.get_attribute_from_bases(cls, '__pydantic_config__')
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+    return {}
+
+
+def _get_ser_schema_for_default_value(schema: CoreSchema) -> core_schema.PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema | None:
+    """Get a `'function-plain'` serialization schema that can be used to serialize a default value.
+
+    This takes into account having the serialization schema nested under validation schema(s).
+    """
+    if (
+        (ser_schema := schema.get('serialization'))
+        and ser_schema['type'] == 'function-plain'
+        and not ser_schema.get('info_arg')
+    ):
+        return ser_schema
+    if _core_utils.is_function_with_inner_schema(schema):
+        return _get_ser_schema_for_default_value(schema['schema'])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ed62e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1838 @@
+"""Logic for creating models."""
+
+# Because `dict` is in the local namespace of the `BaseModel` class, we use `Dict` for annotations.
+# TODO v3 fallback to `dict` when the deprecated `dict` method gets removed.
+# ruff: noqa: UP035
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Mapping
+from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+import pydantic_core
+import typing_extensions
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, ValidationError
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, Unpack
+
+from . import PydanticDeprecatedSince20, PydanticDeprecatedSince211
+from ._internal import (
+    _config,
+    _decorators,
+    _fields,
+    _forward_ref,
+    _generics,
+    _mock_val_ser,
+    _model_construction,
+    _namespace_utils,
+    _repr,
+    _typing_extra,
+    _utils,
+)
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .aliases import AliasChoices, AliasPath
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .config import ConfigDict, ExtraValues
+from .errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation, PydanticUserError
+from .json_schema import DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, GenerateJsonSchema, JsonSchemaMode, JsonSchemaValue, model_json_schema
+from .plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, SchemaSerializer, SchemaValidator
+
+    from ._internal._fields import PydanticExtraInfo
+    from ._internal._namespace_utils import MappingNamespace
+    from ._internal._utils import AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny
+    from .deprecated.parse import Protocol as DeprecatedParseProtocol
+    from .fields import ComputedFieldInfo, FieldInfo, ModelPrivateAttr
+
+
+__all__ = 'BaseModel', 'create_model'
+
+# Keep these type aliases available at runtime:
+TupleGenerator: TypeAlias = Generator[tuple[str, Any], None, None]
+# NOTE: In reality, `bool` should be replaced by `Literal[True]` but mypy fails to correctly apply bidirectional
+# type inference (e.g. when using `{'a': {'b': True}}`):
+# NOTE: Keep this type alias in sync with the stub definition in `pydantic-core`:
+IncEx: TypeAlias = Union[set[int], set[str], Mapping[int, Union['IncEx', bool]], Mapping[str, Union['IncEx', bool]]]
+
+_object_setattr = _model_construction.object_setattr
+
+
+def _check_frozen(model_cls: type[BaseModel], name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    if model_cls.model_config.get('frozen'):
+        error_type = 'frozen_instance'
+    elif getattr(model_cls.__pydantic_fields__.get(name), 'frozen', False):
+        error_type = 'frozen_field'
+    else:
+        return
+
+    raise ValidationError.from_exception_data(
+        model_cls.__name__, [{'type': error_type, 'loc': (name,), 'input': value}]
+    )
+
+
+def _model_field_setattr_handler(model: BaseModel, name: str, val: Any) -> None:
+    model.__dict__[name] = val
+    model.__pydantic_fields_set__.add(name)
+
+
+def _private_setattr_handler(model: BaseModel, name: str, val: Any) -> None:
+    if getattr(model, '__pydantic_private__', None) is None:
+        # While the attribute should be present at this point, this may not be the case if
+        # users do unusual stuff with `model_post_init()` (which is where the  `__pydantic_private__`
+        # is initialized, by wrapping the user-defined `model_post_init()`), e.g. if they mock
+        # the `model_post_init()` call. Ideally we should find a better way to init private attrs.
+        object.__setattr__(model, '__pydantic_private__', {})
+    model.__pydantic_private__[name] = val  # pyright: ignore[reportOptionalSubscript]
+
+
+_SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS: Mapping[str, Callable[[BaseModel, str, Any], None]] = {
+    'model_field': _model_field_setattr_handler,
+    'validate_assignment': lambda model, name, val: model.__pydantic_validator__.validate_assignment(model, name, val),  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+    'private': _private_setattr_handler,
+    'cached_property': lambda model, name, val: model.__dict__.__setitem__(name, val),
+    'extra_known': lambda model, name, val: _object_setattr(model, name, val),
+}
+
+
+class BaseModel(metaclass=_model_construction.ModelMetaclass):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Models](../concepts/models.md)
+
+    A base class for creating Pydantic models.
+
+    Attributes:
+        __class_vars__: The names of the class variables defined on the model.
+        __private_attributes__: Metadata about the private attributes of the model.
+        __signature__: The synthesized `__init__` [`Signature`][inspect.Signature] of the model.
+
+        __pydantic_complete__: Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields.
+        __pydantic_core_schema__: The core schema of the model.
+        __pydantic_custom_init__: Whether the model has a custom `__init__` function.
+        __pydantic_decorators__: Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model.
+            This replaces `Model.__validators__` and `Model.__root_validators__` from Pydantic V1.
+        __pydantic_generic_metadata__: A dictionary containing metadata about generic Pydantic models.
+            The `origin` and `args` items map to the [`__origin__`][genericalias.__origin__]
+            and [`__args__`][genericalias.__args__] attributes of [generic aliases][types-genericalias],
+            and the `parameter` item maps to the `__parameter__` attribute of generic classes.
+        __pydantic_parent_namespace__: Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models.
+        __pydantic_post_init__: The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined.
+        __pydantic_root_model__: Whether the model is a [`RootModel`][pydantic.root_model.RootModel].
+        __pydantic_serializer__: The `pydantic-core` `SchemaSerializer` used to dump instances of the model.
+        __pydantic_validator__: The `pydantic-core` `SchemaValidator` used to validate instances of the model.
+
+        __pydantic_fields__: A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
+        __pydantic_computed_fields__: A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects.
+
+        __pydantic_extra__: A dictionary containing extra values, if [`extra`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra]
+            is set to `'allow'`.
+        __pydantic_fields_set__: The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation.
+        __pydantic_private__: Values of private attributes set on the model instance.
+    """
+
+    # Note: Many of the below class vars are defined in the metaclass, but we define them here for type checking purposes.
+
+    model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = ConfigDict()
+    """
+    Configuration for the model, should be a dictionary conforming to [`ConfigDict`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
+    """
+
+    __class_vars__: ClassVar[set[str]]
+    """The names of the class variables defined on the model."""
+
+    __private_attributes__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """Metadata about the private attributes of the model."""
+
+    __signature__: ClassVar[Signature]
+    """The synthesized `__init__` [`Signature`][inspect.Signature] of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_complete__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+    """Whether model building is completed, or if there are still undefined fields."""
+
+    __pydantic_core_schema__: ClassVar[CoreSchema]
+    """The core schema of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_custom_init__: ClassVar[bool]
+    """Whether the model has a custom `__init__` method."""
+
+    # Must be set for `GenerateSchema.model_schema` to work for a plain `BaseModel` annotation.
+    __pydantic_decorators__: ClassVar[_decorators.DecoratorInfos] = _decorators.DecoratorInfos()
+    """Metadata containing the decorators defined on the model.
+    This replaces `Model.__validators__` and `Model.__root_validators__` from Pydantic V1."""
+
+    __pydantic_generic_metadata__: ClassVar[_generics.PydanticGenericMetadata]
+    """A dictionary containing metadata about generic Pydantic models.
+
+    The `origin` and `args` items map to the [`__origin__`][genericalias.__origin__]
+    and [`__args__`][genericalias.__args__] attributes of [generic aliases][types-genericalias],
+    and the `parameter` item maps to the `__parameter__` attribute of generic classes.
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_parent_namespace__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any] | None] = None  # noqa: UP006
+    """Parent namespace of the model, used for automatic rebuilding of models."""
+
+    __pydantic_post_init__: ClassVar[None | Literal['model_post_init']]
+    """The name of the post-init method for the model, if defined."""
+
+    __pydantic_root_model__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+    """Whether the model is a [`RootModel`][pydantic.root_model.RootModel]."""
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__: ClassVar[SchemaSerializer]
+    """The `pydantic-core` `SchemaSerializer` used to dump instances of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_validator__: ClassVar[SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator]
+    """The `pydantic-core` `SchemaValidator` used to validate instances of the model."""
+
+    __pydantic_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, FieldInfo]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """A dictionary of field names and their corresponding [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] objects.
+    This replaces `Model.__fields__` from Pydantic V1.
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_setattr_handlers__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Callable[[BaseModel, str, Any], None]]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """`__setattr__` handlers. Memoizing the handlers leads to a dramatic performance improvement in `__setattr__`"""
+
+    __pydantic_computed_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]]  # noqa: UP006
+    """A dictionary of computed field names and their corresponding [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] objects."""
+
+    __pydantic_extra_info__: ClassVar[PydanticExtraInfo | None]
+    """A wrapper around the `__pydantic_extra__` annotation, if explicitly annotated on a model.
+
+    This is a private attribute, not meant to be used outside Pydantic.
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_extra__: Dict[str, Any] | None = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)  # noqa: UP006
+    """A dictionary containing extra values, if [`extra`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict.extra] is set to `'allow'`."""
+
+    __pydantic_fields_set__: set[str] = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)
+    """The names of fields explicitly set during instantiation."""
+
+    __pydantic_private__: Dict[str, Any] | None = _model_construction.NoInitField(init=False)  # noqa: UP006
+    """Values of private attributes set on the model instance."""
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # Prevent `BaseModel` from being instantiated directly
+        # (defined in an `if not TYPE_CHECKING` block for clarity and to avoid type checking errors):
+        __pydantic_core_schema__ = _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema(
+            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
+            code='base-model-instantiated',
+        )
+        __pydantic_validator__ = _mock_val_ser.MockValSer(
+            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
+            val_or_ser='validator',
+            code='base-model-instantiated',
+        )
+        __pydantic_serializer__ = _mock_val_ser.MockValSer(
+            'Pydantic models should inherit from BaseModel, BaseModel cannot be instantiated directly',
+            val_or_ser='serializer',
+            code='base-model-instantiated',
+        )
+
+    __slots__ = '__dict__', '__pydantic_fields_set__', '__pydantic_extra__', '__pydantic_private__'
+
+    def __init__(self, /, **data: Any) -> None:
+        """Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.
+
+        Raises [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError] if the input data cannot be
+        validated to form a valid model.
+
+        `self` is explicitly positional-only to allow `self` as a field name.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        validated_self = self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(data, self_instance=self)
+        if self is not validated_self:
+            warnings.warn(
+                'A custom validator is returning a value other than `self`.\n'
+                "Returning anything other than `self` from a top level model validator isn't supported when validating via `__init__`.\n"
+                'See the `model_validator` docs (https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#model-validators) for more details.',
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+    # The following line sets a flag that we use to determine when `__init__` gets overridden by the user
+    __init__.__pydantic_base_init__ = True  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+
+    @_utils.deprecated_instance_property
+    @classmethod
+    def model_fields(cls) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+        """A mapping of field names to their respective [`FieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.FieldInfo] instances.
+
+        !!! warning
+            Accessing this attribute from a model instance is deprecated, and will not work in Pydantic V3.
+            Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.
+        """
+        return getattr(cls, '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+
+    @_utils.deprecated_instance_property
+    @classmethod
+    def model_computed_fields(cls) -> dict[str, ComputedFieldInfo]:
+        """A mapping of computed field names to their respective [`ComputedFieldInfo`][pydantic.fields.ComputedFieldInfo] instances.
+
+        !!! warning
+            Accessing this attribute from a model instance is deprecated, and will not work in Pydantic V3.
+            Instead, you should access this attribute from the model class.
+        """
+        return getattr(cls, '__pydantic_computed_fields__', {})
+
+    @property
+    def model_extra(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Get extra fields set during validation.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary of extra fields, or `None` if `config.extra` is not set to `"allow"`.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_extra__
+
+    @property
+    def model_fields_set(self) -> set[str]:
+        """Returns the set of fields that have been explicitly set on this model instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            A set of strings representing the fields that have been set,
+                i.e. that were not filled from defaults.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_fields_set__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_construct(cls, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None, **values: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: C901
+        """Creates a new instance of the `Model` class with validated data.
+
+        Creates a new model setting `__dict__` and `__pydantic_fields_set__` from trusted or pre-validated data.
+        Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.
+
+        !!! note
+            `model_construct()` generally respects the `model_config.extra` setting on the provided model.
+            That is, if `model_config.extra == 'allow'`, then all extra passed values are added to the model instance's `__dict__`
+            and `__pydantic_extra__` fields. If `model_config.extra == 'ignore'` (the default), then all extra passed values are ignored.
+            Because no validation is performed with a call to `model_construct()`, having `model_config.extra == 'forbid'` does not result in
+            an error if extra values are passed, but they will be ignored.
+
+        Args:
+            _fields_set: A set of field names that were originally explicitly set during instantiation. If provided,
+                this is directly used for the [`model_fields_set`][pydantic.BaseModel.model_fields_set] attribute.
+                Otherwise, the field names from the `values` argument will be used.
+            values: Trusted or pre-validated data dictionary.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new instance of the `Model` class with validated data.
+        """
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        fields_values: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        fields_set = set()
+
+        for name, field in cls.__pydantic_fields__.items():
+            if field.alias is not None and field.alias in values:
+                fields_values[name] = values.pop(field.alias)
+                fields_set.add(name)
+
+            if (name not in fields_set) and (field.validation_alias is not None):
+                validation_aliases: list[str | AliasPath] = (
+                    field.validation_alias.choices
+                    if isinstance(field.validation_alias, AliasChoices)
+                    else [field.validation_alias]
+                )
+
+                for alias in validation_aliases:
+                    if isinstance(alias, str) and alias in values:
+                        fields_values[name] = values.pop(alias)
+                        fields_set.add(name)
+                        break
+                    elif isinstance(alias, AliasPath):
+                        value = alias.search_dict_for_path(values)
+                        if value is not PydanticUndefined:
+                            fields_values[name] = value
+                            fields_set.add(name)
+                            break
+
+            if name not in fields_set:
+                if name in values:
+                    fields_values[name] = values.pop(name)
+                    fields_set.add(name)
+                elif not field.is_required():
+                    fields_values[name] = field.get_default(call_default_factory=True, validated_data=fields_values)
+        if _fields_set is None:
+            _fields_set = fields_set
+
+        _extra: dict[str, Any] | None = values if cls.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow' else None
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', fields_values)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', _fields_set)
+        if not cls.__pydantic_root_model__:
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', _extra)
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+
+        if cls.__pydantic_post_init__:
+            m.model_post_init(None)
+            # update private attributes with values set
+            if hasattr(m, '__pydantic_private__') and m.__pydantic_private__ is not None:
+                for k, v in values.items():
+                    if k in m.__private_attributes__:
+                        m.__pydantic_private__[k] = v
+
+        return m
+
+    def model_copy(self, *, update: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None, deep: bool = False) -> Self:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`model_copy`](../concepts/models.md#model-copy)
+
+        Returns a copy of the model.
+
+        !!! note
+            The underlying instance's [`__dict__`][object.__dict__] attribute is copied. This
+            might have unexpected side effects if you store anything in it, on top of the model
+            fields (e.g. the value of [cached properties][functools.cached_property]).
+
+        Args:
+            update: Values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated
+                before creating the new model. You should trust this data.
+            deep: Set to `True` to make a deep copy of the model.
+
+        Returns:
+            New model instance.
+        """
+        copied = self.__deepcopy__() if deep else self.__copy__()
+        if update:
+            if self.model_config.get('extra') == 'allow':
+                for k, v in update.items():
+                    if k in self.__pydantic_fields__:
+                        copied.__dict__[k] = v
+                    else:
+                        if copied.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
+                            copied.__pydantic_extra__ = {}
+                        copied.__pydantic_extra__[k] = v
+            else:
+                copied.__dict__.update(update)
+            copied.__pydantic_fields_set__.update(update.keys())
+        return copied
+
+    def model_dump(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal['json', 'python'] | str = 'python',
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`model_dump`](../concepts/serialization.md#python-mode)
+
+        Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
+
+        Args:
+            mode: The mode in which `to_python` should run.
+                If mode is 'json', the output will only contain JSON serializable types.
+                If mode is 'python', the output may contain non-JSON-serializable Python objects.
+            include: A set of fields to include in the output.
+            exclude: A set of fields to exclude from the output.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias in the dictionary key if defined.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+
+        Returns:
+            A dictionary representation of the model.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
+            self,
+            mode=mode,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            context=context,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+        )
+
+    def model_dump_json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [`model_dump_json`](../concepts/serialization.md#json-mode)
+
+        Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic's `to_json` method.
+
+        Args:
+            indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.
+            ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+                If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+            include: Field(s) to include in the JSON output.
+            exclude: Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+            by_alias: Whether to serialize using field aliases.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: If True, dumped values should be valid as input for non-idempotent types such as Json[T].
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+
+        Returns:
+            A JSON string representation of the model.
+        """
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_json(
+            self,
+            indent=indent,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            context=context,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+        ).decode()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_json_schema(
+        cls,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+        mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
+        *,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Generates a JSON schema for a model class.
+
+        Args:
+            by_alias: Whether to use attribute aliases or not.
+            ref_template: The reference template.
+            union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+                - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+                keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+                - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+                keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+                type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+                `any_of`.
+            schema_generator: To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of
+                `GenerateJsonSchema` with your desired modifications
+            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON schema for the given model class.
+        """
+        return model_json_schema(
+            cls,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            union_format=union_format,
+            schema_generator=schema_generator,
+            mode=mode,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_parametrized_name(cls, params: tuple[type[Any], ...]) -> str:
+        """Compute the class name for parametrizations of generic classes.
+
+        This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for generic BaseModels.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Tuple of types of the class. Given a generic class
+                `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+                the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.
+
+        Returns:
+            String representing the new class where `params` are passed to `cls` as type variables.
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: Raised when trying to generate concrete names for non-generic models.
+        """
+        if not issubclass(cls, Generic):
+            raise TypeError('Concrete names should only be generated for generic models.')
+
+        # Any strings received should represent forward references, so we handle them specially below.
+        # If we eventually move toward wrapping them in a ForwardRef in __class_getitem__ in the future,
+        # we may be able to remove this special case.
+        param_names = [param if isinstance(param, str) else _repr.display_as_type(param) for param in params]
+        params_component = ', '.join(param_names)
+        return f'{cls.__name__}[{params_component}]'
+
+    def model_post_init(self, context: Any, /) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform additional initialization after `__init__` and `model_construct`.
+        This is useful if you want to do some validation that requires the entire model to be initialized.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_rebuild(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        force: bool = False,
+        raise_errors: bool = True,
+        _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
+        _types_namespace: MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the model.
+
+        This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
+        the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.
+
+        Args:
+            force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the model schema, defaults to `False`.
+            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+            _parent_namespace_depth: The depth level of the parent namespace, defaults to 2.
+            _types_namespace: The types namespace, defaults to `None`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
+            If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
+        """
+        already_complete = cls.__pydantic_complete__
+        if already_complete and not force:
+            return None
+
+        cls.__pydantic_complete__ = False
+
+        for attr in ('__pydantic_core_schema__', '__pydantic_validator__', '__pydantic_serializer__'):
+            if attr in cls.__dict__ and not isinstance(getattr(cls, attr), _mock_val_ser.MockValSer):
+                # Deleting the validator/serializer is necessary as otherwise they can get reused in
+                # pydantic-core. We do so only if they aren't mock instances, otherwise — as `model_rebuild()`
+                # isn't thread-safe — concurrent model instantiations can lead to the parent validator being used.
+                # Same applies for the core schema that can be reused in schema generation.
+                delattr(cls, attr)
+
+        if _types_namespace is not None:
+            rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
+        elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
+            rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
+        else:
+            rebuild_ns = {}
+
+        parent_ns = _model_construction.unpack_lenient_weakvaluedict(cls.__pydantic_parent_namespace__) or {}
+
+        ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+            parent_namespace={**rebuild_ns, **parent_ns},
+        )
+
+        return _model_construction.complete_model_class(
+            cls,
+            _config.ConfigWrapper(cls.model_config, check=False),
+            ns_resolver,
+            raise_errors=raise_errors,
+            # If the model was already complete, we don't need to call the hook again.
+            call_on_complete_hook=not already_complete,
+            is_force_rebuild=force,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_validate(
+        cls,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Validate a pydantic model instance.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object to validate.
+            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            from_attributes: Whether to extract data from object attributes.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If the object could not be validated.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated model instance.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(
+            obj,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            from_attributes=from_attributes,
+            context=context,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_validate_json(
+        cls,
+        json_data: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [JSON Parsing](../concepts/json.md#json-parsing)
+
+        Validate the given JSON data against the Pydantic model.
+
+        Args:
+            json_data: The JSON data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Pydantic model.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If `json_data` is not a JSON string or the object could not be validated.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_json(
+            json_data, strict=strict, extra=extra, context=context, by_alias=by_alias, by_name=by_name
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_validate_strings(
+        cls,
+        obj: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Validate the given object with string data against the Pydantic model.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object containing string data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to enforce types strictly.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Extra variables to pass to the validator.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Pydantic model.
+        """
+        # `__tracebackhide__` tells pytest and some other tools to omit this function from tracebacks
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return cls.__pydantic_validator__.validate_strings(
+            obj, strict=strict, extra=extra, context=context, by_alias=by_alias, by_name=by_name
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[BaseModel], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler, /) -> CoreSchema:
+        # This warning is only emitted when calling `super().__get_pydantic_core_schema__` from a model subclass.
+        # In the generate schema logic, this method (`BaseModel.__get_pydantic_core_schema__`) is special cased to
+        # *not* be called if not overridden.
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` method of the `BaseModel` class is deprecated. If you are calling '
+            '`super().__get_pydantic_core_schema__` when overriding the method on a Pydantic model, consider using '
+            '`handler(source)` instead. However, note that overriding this method on models can lead to unexpected '
+            'side effects.',
+            PydanticDeprecatedSince211,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        # Logic copied over from `GenerateSchema._model_schema`:
+        schema = cls.__dict__.get('__pydantic_core_schema__')
+        if schema is not None and not isinstance(schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+            return cls.__pydantic_core_schema__
+
+        return handler(source)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls,
+        core_schema: CoreSchema,
+        handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler,
+        /,
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        """Hook into generating the model's JSON schema.
+
+        Args:
+            core_schema: A `pydantic-core` CoreSchema.
+                You can ignore this argument and call the handler with a new CoreSchema,
+                wrap this CoreSchema (`{'type': 'nullable', 'schema': current_schema}`),
+                or just call the handler with the original schema.
+            handler: Call into Pydantic's internal JSON schema generation.
+                This will raise a `pydantic.errors.PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema` if JSON schema
+                generation fails.
+                Since this gets called by `BaseModel.model_json_schema` you can override the
+                `schema_generator` argument to that function to change JSON schema generation globally
+                for a type.
+
+        Returns:
+            A JSON schema, as a Python object.
+        """
+        return handler(core_schema)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __pydantic_init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """This is intended to behave just like `__init_subclass__`, but is called by `ModelMetaclass`
+        only after basic class initialization is complete. In particular, attributes like `model_fields` will
+        be present when this is called, but forward annotations are not guaranteed to be resolved yet,
+        meaning that creating an instance of the class may fail.
+
+        This is necessary because `__init_subclass__` will always be called by `type.__new__`,
+        and it would require a prohibitively large refactor to the `ModelMetaclass` to ensure that
+        `type.__new__` was called in such a manner that the class would already be sufficiently initialized.
+
+        This will receive the same `kwargs` that would be passed to the standard `__init_subclass__`, namely,
+        any kwargs passed to the class definition that aren't used internally by Pydantic.
+
+        Args:
+            **kwargs: Any keyword arguments passed to the class definition that aren't used internally
+                by Pydantic.
+
+        Note:
+            You may want to override [`__pydantic_on_complete__()`][pydantic.main.BaseModel.__pydantic_on_complete__]
+            instead, which is called once the class and its fields are fully initialized and ready for validation.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __pydantic_on_complete__(cls) -> None:
+        """This is called once the class and its fields are fully initialized and ready to be used.
+
+        This typically happens when the class is created (just before
+        [`__pydantic_init_subclass__()`][pydantic.main.BaseModel.__pydantic_init_subclass__] is called on the superclass),
+        except when forward annotations are used that could not immediately be resolved.
+        In that case, it will be called later, when the model is rebuilt automatically or explicitly using
+        [`model_rebuild()`][pydantic.main.BaseModel.model_rebuild].
+        """
+
+    def __class_getitem__(
+        cls, typevar_values: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...]
+    ) -> type[BaseModel] | _forward_ref.PydanticRecursiveRef:
+        cached = _generics.get_cached_generic_type_early(cls, typevar_values)
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+
+        if cls is BaseModel:
+            raise TypeError('Type parameters should be placed on typing.Generic, not BaseModel')
+        if not hasattr(cls, '__parameters__'):
+            raise TypeError(f'{cls} cannot be parametrized because it does not inherit from typing.Generic')
+        if not cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['parameters'] and Generic not in cls.__bases__:
+            raise TypeError(f'{cls} is not a generic class')
+
+        if not isinstance(typevar_values, tuple):
+            typevar_values = (typevar_values,)
+
+        # For a model `class Model[T, U, V = int](BaseModel): ...` parametrized with `(str, bool)`,
+        # this gives us `{T: str, U: bool, V: int}`:
+        typevars_map = _generics.map_generic_model_arguments(cls, typevar_values)
+        # We also update the provided args to use defaults values (`(str, bool)` becomes `(str, bool, int)`):
+        typevar_values = tuple(v for v in typevars_map.values())
+
+        if _utils.all_identical(typevars_map.keys(), typevars_map.values()) and typevars_map:
+            submodel = cls  # if arguments are equal to parameters it's the same object
+            _generics.set_cached_generic_type(cls, typevar_values, submodel)
+        else:
+            parent_args = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['args']
+            if not parent_args:
+                args = typevar_values
+            else:
+                args = tuple(_generics.replace_types(arg, typevars_map) for arg in parent_args)
+
+            origin = cls.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or cls
+            model_name = origin.model_parametrized_name(args)
+            params = tuple(
+                dict.fromkeys(_generics.iter_contained_typevars(typevars_map.values()))
+            )  # use dict as ordered set
+
+            with _generics.generic_recursion_self_type(origin, args) as maybe_self_type:
+                cached = _generics.get_cached_generic_type_late(cls, typevar_values, origin, args)
+                if cached is not None:
+                    return cached
+
+                if maybe_self_type is not None:
+                    return maybe_self_type
+
+                # Attempt to rebuild the origin in case new types have been defined
+                try:
+                    # depth 2 gets you above this __class_getitem__ call.
+                    # Note that we explicitly provide the parent ns, otherwise
+                    # `model_rebuild` will use the parent ns no matter if it is the ns of a module.
+                    # We don't want this here, as this has unexpected effects when a model
+                    # is being parametrized during a forward annotation evaluation.
+                    parent_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=2) or {}
+                    origin.model_rebuild(_types_namespace=parent_ns)
+                except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
+                    # It's okay if it fails, it just means there are still undefined types
+                    # that could be evaluated later.
+                    pass
+
+                submodel = _generics.create_generic_submodel(model_name, origin, args, params)
+
+                _generics.set_cached_generic_type(cls, typevar_values, submodel, origin, args)
+
+        return submodel
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
+        """Returns a shallow copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', copy(self.__dict__))
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', copy(self.__pydantic_extra__))
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+
+        if not hasattr(self, '__pydantic_private__') or self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+        else:
+            _object_setattr(
+                m,
+                '__pydantic_private__',
+                {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined},
+            )
+
+        return m
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict[int, Any] | None = None) -> Self:
+        """Returns a deep copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', deepcopy(self.__dict__, memo=memo))
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_extra__', deepcopy(self.__pydantic_extra__, memo=memo))
+        # This next line doesn't need a deepcopy because __pydantic_fields_set__ is a set[str],
+        # and attempting a deepcopy would be marginally slower.
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+
+        if not hasattr(self, '__pydantic_private__') or self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
+            _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+        else:
+            _object_setattr(
+                m,
+                '__pydantic_private__',
+                deepcopy({k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}, memo=memo),
+            )
+
+        return m
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+        # The same goes for __setattr__ and __delattr__, see: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/8643
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            private_attributes = object.__getattribute__(self, '__private_attributes__')
+            if item in private_attributes:
+                attribute = private_attributes[item]
+                if hasattr(attribute, '__get__'):
+                    return attribute.__get__(self, type(self))  # type: ignore
+
+                try:
+                    # Note: self.__pydantic_private__ cannot be None if self.__private_attributes__ has items
+                    return self.__pydantic_private__[item]  # type: ignore
+                except KeyError as exc:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc
+            else:
+                # `__pydantic_extra__` can fail to be set if the model is not yet fully initialized.
+                # See `BaseModel.__repr_args__` for more details
+                try:
+                    pydantic_extra = object.__getattribute__(self, '__pydantic_extra__')
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pydantic_extra = None
+
+                if pydantic_extra and item in pydantic_extra:
+                    return pydantic_extra[item]
+                else:
+                    if hasattr(self.__class__, item):
+                        return super().__getattribute__(item)  # Raises AttributeError if appropriate
+                    else:
+                        # this is the current error
+                        raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
+
+        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+            if (setattr_handler := self.__pydantic_setattr_handlers__.get(name)) is not None:
+                setattr_handler(self, name, value)
+            # if None is returned from _setattr_handler, the attribute was set directly
+            elif (setattr_handler := self._setattr_handler(name, value)) is not None:
+                setattr_handler(self, name, value)  # call here to not memo on possibly unknown fields
+                self.__pydantic_setattr_handlers__[name] = setattr_handler  # memoize the handler for faster access
+
+        def _setattr_handler(self, name: str, value: Any) -> Callable[[BaseModel, str, Any], None] | None:
+            """Get a handler for setting an attribute on the model instance.
+
+            Returns:
+                A handler for setting an attribute on the model instance. Used for memoization of the handler.
+                Memoizing the handlers leads to a dramatic performance improvement in `__setattr__`
+                Returns `None` when memoization is not safe, then the attribute is set directly.
+            """
+            cls = self.__class__
+            if name in cls.__class_vars__:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f'{name!r} is a ClassVar of `{cls.__name__}` and cannot be set on an instance. '
+                    f'If you want to set a value on the class, use `{cls.__name__}.{name} = value`.'
+                )
+            elif not _fields.is_valid_field_name(name):
+                if (attribute := cls.__private_attributes__.get(name)) is not None:
+                    if hasattr(attribute, '__set__'):
+                        return lambda model, _name, val: attribute.__set__(model, val)
+                    else:
+                        return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['private']
+                else:
+                    _object_setattr(self, name, value)
+                    return None  # Can not return memoized handler with possibly freeform attr names
+
+            attr = getattr(cls, name, None)
+            # NOTE: We currently special case properties and `cached_property`, but we might need
+            # to generalize this to all data/non-data descriptors at some point. For non-data descriptors
+            # (such as `cached_property`), it isn't obvious though. `cached_property` caches the value
+            # to the instance's `__dict__`, but other non-data descriptors might do things differently.
+            if isinstance(attr, cached_property):
+                return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['cached_property']
+
+            _check_frozen(cls, name, value)
+
+            # We allow properties to be set only on non frozen models for now (to match dataclasses).
+            # This can be changed if it ever gets requested.
+            if isinstance(attr, property):
+                return lambda model, _name, val: attr.__set__(model, val)
+            elif cls.model_config.get('validate_assignment'):
+                return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['validate_assignment']
+            elif name not in cls.__pydantic_fields__:
+                if cls.model_config.get('extra') != 'allow':
+                    # TODO - matching error
+                    raise ValueError(f'"{cls.__name__}" object has no field "{name}"')
+                elif attr is None:
+                    # attribute does not exist, so put it in extra
+                    self.__pydantic_extra__[name] = value
+                    self.__pydantic_fields_set__.add(name)
+                    return None  # Can not return memoized handler with possibly freeform attr names
+                else:
+                    # attribute _does_ exist, and was not in extra, so update it
+                    return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['extra_known']
+            else:
+                return _SIMPLE_SETATTR_HANDLERS['model_field']
+
+        def __delattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            cls = self.__class__
+
+            if item in self.__private_attributes__:
+                attribute = self.__private_attributes__[item]
+                if hasattr(attribute, '__delete__'):
+                    attribute.__delete__(self)  # type: ignore
+                    return
+
+                try:
+                    # Note: self.__pydantic_private__ cannot be None if self.__private_attributes__ has items
+                    del self.__pydantic_private__[item]  # type: ignore
+                    return
+                except KeyError as exc:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'{cls.__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}') from exc
+
+            # Allow cached properties to be deleted (even if the class is frozen):
+            attr = getattr(cls, item, None)
+            if isinstance(attr, cached_property):
+                return object.__delattr__(self, item)
+
+            _check_frozen(cls, name=item, value=None)
+
+            if item in self.__pydantic_fields__:
+                object.__delattr__(self, item)
+            elif self.__pydantic_extra__ is not None and item in self.__pydantic_extra__:
+                del self.__pydantic_extra__[item]
+            else:
+                try:
+                    object.__delattr__(self, item)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
+
+        # Because we make use of `@dataclass_transform()`, `__replace__` is already synthesized by
+        # type checkers, so we define the implementation in this `if not TYPE_CHECKING:` block:
+        def __replace__(self, **changes: Any) -> Self:
+            return self.model_copy(update=changes)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
+        private = self.__pydantic_private__
+        if private:
+            private = {k: v for k, v in private.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}
+        return {
+            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
+            '__pydantic_extra__': self.__pydantic_extra__,
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__': self.__pydantic_fields_set__,
+            '__pydantic_private__': private,
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_fields_set__', state.get('__pydantic_fields_set__', {}))
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_extra__', state.get('__pydantic_extra__', {}))
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', state.get('__pydantic_private__', {}))
+        _object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state.get('__dict__', {}))
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+            if isinstance(other, BaseModel):
+                # When comparing instances of generic types for equality, as long as all field values are equal,
+                # only require their generic origin types to be equal, rather than exact type equality.
+                # This prevents headaches like MyGeneric(x=1) != MyGeneric[Any](x=1).
+                self_type = self.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or self.__class__
+                other_type = other.__pydantic_generic_metadata__['origin'] or other.__class__
+
+                # Perform common checks first
+                if not (
+                    self_type is other_type
+                    and getattr(self, '__pydantic_private__', None) == getattr(other, '__pydantic_private__', None)
+                    # We need to assume `None` and `{}` are equivalent, because extra behavior
+                    # can be controlled at validation time:
+                    and (self.__pydantic_extra__ or {}) == (other.__pydantic_extra__ or {})
+                ):
+                    return False
+
+                # We only want to compare pydantic fields but ignoring fields is costly.
+                # We'll perform a fast check first, and fallback only when needed
+                # See GH-7444 and GH-7825 for rationale and a performance benchmark
+
+                # First, do the fast (and sometimes faulty) __dict__ comparison
+                if self.__dict__ == other.__dict__:
+                    # If the check above passes, then pydantic fields are equal, we can return early
+                    return True
+
+                # We don't want to trigger unnecessary costly filtering of __dict__ on all unequal objects, so we return
+                # early if there are no keys to ignore (we would just return False later on anyway)
+                model_fields = type(self).__pydantic_fields__.keys()
+                if self.__dict__.keys() <= model_fields and other.__dict__.keys() <= model_fields:
+                    return False
+
+                # If we reach here, there are non-pydantic-fields keys, mapped to unequal values, that we need to ignore
+                # Resort to costly filtering of the __dict__ objects
+                # We use operator.itemgetter because it is much faster than dict comprehensions
+                # NOTE: Contrary to standard python class and instances, when the Model class has a default value for an
+                # attribute and the model instance doesn't have a corresponding attribute, accessing the missing attribute
+                # raises an error in BaseModel.__getattr__ instead of returning the class attribute
+                # So we can use operator.itemgetter() instead of operator.attrgetter()
+                getter = operator.itemgetter(*model_fields) if model_fields else lambda _: _utils._SENTINEL
+                try:
+                    return getter(self.__dict__) == getter(other.__dict__)
+                except KeyError:
+                    # In rare cases (such as when using the deprecated BaseModel.copy() method),
+                    # the __dict__ may not contain all model fields, which is how we can get here.
+                    # getter(self.__dict__) is much faster than any 'safe' method that accounts
+                    # for missing keys, and wrapping it in a `try` doesn't slow things down much
+                    # in the common case.
+                    self_fields_proxy = _utils.SafeGetItemProxy(self.__dict__)
+                    other_fields_proxy = _utils.SafeGetItemProxy(other.__dict__)
+                    return getter(self_fields_proxy) == getter(other_fields_proxy)
+
+            # other instance is not a BaseModel
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented  # delegate to the other item in the comparison
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__init_subclass__` in a TYPE_CHECKING block because, even though we want the type-checking benefits
+        # described in the signature of `__init_subclass__` below, we don't want to modify the default behavior of
+        # subclass initialization.
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Unpack[ConfigDict]):
+            """This signature is included purely to help type-checkers check arguments to class declaration, which
+            provides a way to conveniently set model_config key/value pairs.
+
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+            class MyModel(BaseModel, extra='allow'): ...
+            ```
+
+            However, this may be deceiving, since the _actual_ calls to `__init_subclass__` will not receive any
+            of the config arguments, and will only receive any keyword arguments passed during class initialization
+            that are _not_ expected keys in ConfigDict. (This is due to the way `ModelMetaclass.__new__` works.)
+
+            Args:
+                **kwargs: Keyword arguments passed to the class definition, which set model_config
+
+            Note:
+                You may want to override `__pydantic_init_subclass__` instead, which behaves similarly but is called
+                *after* the class is fully initialized.
+            """
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> TupleGenerator:
+        """So `dict(model)` works."""
+        yield from [(k, v) for (k, v) in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith('_')]
+        extra = self.__pydantic_extra__
+        if extra:
+            yield from extra.items()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
+        # Eagerly create the repr of computed fields, as this may trigger access of cached properties and as such
+        # modify the instance's `__dict__`. If we don't do it now, it could happen when iterating over the `__dict__`
+        # below if the instance happens to be referenced in a field, and would modify the `__dict__` size *during* iteration.
+        computed_fields_repr_args = [
+            (k, getattr(self, k)) for k, v in self.__pydantic_computed_fields__.items() if v.repr
+        ]
+
+        for k, v in self.__dict__.items():
+            field = self.__pydantic_fields__.get(k)
+            if field and field.repr:
+                if v is not self:
+                    yield k, v
+                else:
+                    yield k, self.__repr_recursion__(v)
+        # `__pydantic_extra__` can fail to be set if the model is not yet fully initialized.
+        # This can happen if a `ValidationError` is raised during initialization and the instance's
+        # repr is generated as part of the exception handling. Therefore, we use `getattr` here
+        # with a fallback, even though the type hints indicate the attribute will always be present.
+        try:
+            pydantic_extra = object.__getattribute__(self, '__pydantic_extra__')
+        except AttributeError:
+            pydantic_extra = None
+
+        if pydantic_extra is not None:
+            yield from ((k, v) for k, v in pydantic_extra.items())
+        yield from computed_fields_repr_args
+
+    # take logic from `_repr.Representation` without the side effects of inheritance, see #5740
+    __repr_name__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_name__
+    __repr_recursion__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_recursion__
+    __repr_str__ = _repr.Representation.__repr_str__
+    __pretty__ = _repr.Representation.__pretty__
+    __rich_repr__ = _repr.Representation.__rich_repr__
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__repr_str__(' ')
+
+    # ##### Deprecated methods from v1 #####
+    @property
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.', category=None
+    )
+    def __fields__(self) -> dict[str, FieldInfo]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__fields__` attribute is deprecated, use the `model_fields` class property instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return getattr(type(self), '__pydantic_fields__', {})
+
+    @property
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `__fields_set__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields_set` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def __fields_set__(self) -> set[str]:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `__fields_set__` attribute is deprecated, use `model_fields_set` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.__pydantic_fields_set__
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.', category=None)
+    def dict(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `dict` method is deprecated; use `model_dump` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return self.model_dump(
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.', category=None)
+    def json(  # noqa: D102
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        encoder: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        models_as_dict: bool = PydanticUndefined,  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `json` method is deprecated; use `model_dump_json` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if encoder is not PydanticUndefined:
+            raise TypeError('The `encoder` argument is no longer supported; use field serializers instead.')
+        if models_as_dict is not PydanticUndefined:
+            raise TypeError('The `models_as_dict` argument is no longer supported; use a model serializer instead.')
+        if dumps_kwargs:
+            raise TypeError('`dumps_kwargs` keyword arguments are no longer supported.')
+        return self.model_dump_json(
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `parse_obj` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.', category=None)
+    def parse_obj(cls, obj: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `parse_obj` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_validate(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `parse_raw` method is deprecated; if your data is JSON use `model_validate_json`, '
+        'otherwise load the data then use `model_validate` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def parse_raw(  # noqa: D102
+        cls,
+        b: str | bytes,
+        *,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `parse_raw` method is deprecated; if your data is JSON use `model_validate_json`, '
+            'otherwise load the data then use `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import parse
+
+        try:
+            obj = parse.load_str_bytes(
+                b,
+                proto=proto,
+                content_type=content_type,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+            )
+        except (ValueError, TypeError) as exc:
+            import json
+
+            # try to match V1
+            if isinstance(exc, UnicodeDecodeError):
+                type_str = 'value_error.unicodedecode'
+            elif isinstance(exc, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                type_str = 'value_error.jsondecode'
+            elif isinstance(exc, ValueError):
+                type_str = 'value_error'
+            else:
+                type_str = 'type_error'
+
+            # ctx is missing here, but since we've added `input` to the error, we're not pretending it's the same
+            error: pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails = {
+                # The type: ignore on the next line is to ignore the requirement of LiteralString
+                'type': pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError(type_str, str(exc)),  # type: ignore
+                'loc': ('__root__',),
+                'input': b,
+            }
+            raise pydantic_core.ValidationError.from_exception_data(cls.__name__, [error])
+        return cls.model_validate(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `parse_file` method is deprecated; load the data from file, then if your data is JSON '
+        'use `model_validate_json`, otherwise `model_validate` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def parse_file(  # noqa: D102
+        cls,
+        path: str | Path,
+        *,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: DeprecatedParseProtocol | None = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `parse_file` method is deprecated; load the data from file, then if your data is JSON '
+            'use `model_validate_json`, otherwise `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import parse
+
+        obj = parse.load_file(
+            path,
+            proto=proto,
+            content_type=content_type,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+        )
+        return cls.parse_obj(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `from_orm` method is deprecated; set '
+        "`model_config['from_attributes']=True` and use `model_validate` instead.",
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def from_orm(cls, obj: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `from_orm` method is deprecated; set '
+            "`model_config['from_attributes']=True` and use `model_validate` instead.",
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if not cls.model_config.get('from_attributes', None):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'You must set the config attribute `from_attributes=True` to use from_orm', code=None
+            )
+        return cls.model_validate(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `construct` method is deprecated; use `model_construct` instead.', category=None)
+    def construct(cls, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None, **values: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `construct` method is deprecated; use `model_construct` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_construct(_fields_set=_fields_set, **values)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
+        'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def copy(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+        exclude: AbstractSetIntStr | MappingIntStrAny | None = None,
+        update: Dict[str, Any] | None = None,  # noqa UP006
+        deep: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:  # pragma: no cover
+        """Returns a copy of the model.
+
+        !!! warning "Deprecated"
+            This method is now deprecated; use `model_copy` instead.
+
+        If you need `include` or `exclude`, use:
+
+        ```python {test="skip" lint="skip"}
+        data = self.model_dump(include=include, exclude=exclude, round_trip=True)
+        data = {**data, **(update or {})}
+        copied = self.model_validate(data)
+        ```
+
+        Args:
+            include: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to include in the copied model.
+            exclude: Optional set or mapping specifying which fields to exclude in the copied model.
+            update: Optional dictionary of field-value pairs to override field values in the copied model.
+            deep: If True, the values of fields that are Pydantic models will be deep-copied.
+
+        Returns:
+            A copy of the model with included, excluded and updated fields as specified.
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `copy` method is deprecated; use `model_copy` instead. '
+            'See the docstring of `BaseModel.copy` for details about how to handle `include` and `exclude`.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        values = dict(
+            copy_internals._iter(
+                self, to_dict=False, by_alias=False, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=False
+            ),
+            **(update or {}),
+        )
+        if self.__pydantic_private__ is None:
+            private = None
+        else:
+            private = {k: v for k, v in self.__pydantic_private__.items() if v is not PydanticUndefined}
+
+        if self.__pydantic_extra__ is None:
+            extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        else:
+            extra = self.__pydantic_extra__.copy()
+            for k in list(self.__pydantic_extra__):
+                if k not in values:  # k was in the exclude
+                    extra.pop(k)
+            for k in list(values):
+                if k in self.__pydantic_extra__:  # k must have come from extra
+                    extra[k] = values.pop(k)
+
+        # new `__pydantic_fields_set__` can have unset optional fields with a set value in `update` kwarg
+        if update:
+            fields_set = self.__pydantic_fields_set__ | update.keys()
+        else:
+            fields_set = set(self.__pydantic_fields_set__)
+
+        # removing excluded fields from `__pydantic_fields_set__`
+        if exclude:
+            fields_set -= set(exclude)
+
+        return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, values, fields_set, extra, private, deep=deep)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `schema` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` instead.', category=None)
+    def schema(  # noqa: D102
+        cls, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa UP006
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `schema` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_json_schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `schema_json` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` and json.dumps instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def schema_json(  # noqa: D102
+        cls, *, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE, **dumps_kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `schema_json` method is deprecated; use `model_json_schema` and json.dumps instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        import json
+
+        from .deprecated.json import pydantic_encoder
+
+        return json.dumps(
+            cls.model_json_schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template),
+            default=pydantic_encoder,
+            **dumps_kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated('The `validate` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.', category=None)
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> Self:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `validate` method is deprecated; use `model_validate` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        return cls.model_validate(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The `update_forward_refs` method is deprecated; use `model_rebuild` instead.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def update_forward_refs(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:  # noqa: D102
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `update_forward_refs` method is deprecated; use `model_rebuild` instead.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        if localns:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise TypeError('`localns` arguments are not longer accepted.')
+        cls.model_rebuild(force=True)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_iter` will be removed and should no longer be used.', category=None
+    )
+    def _iter(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_iter` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._iter(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_copy_and_set_values` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def _copy_and_set_values(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_copy_and_set_values` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._copy_and_set_values(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_get_value` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def _get_value(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_get_value` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._get_value(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @typing_extensions.deprecated(
+        'The private method `_calculate_keys` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+        category=None,
+    )
+    def _calculate_keys(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The private method `_calculate_keys` will be removed and should no longer be used.',
+            category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        from .deprecated import copy_internals
+
+        return copy_internals._calculate_keys(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ModelT = TypeVar('ModelT', bound=BaseModel)
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    model_name: str,
+    /,
+    *,
+    __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    __doc__: str | None = None,
+    __base__: None = None,
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    __qualname__: str | None = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any | tuple[Any, Any],
+) -> type[BaseModel]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    model_name: str,
+    /,
+    *,
+    __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    __doc__: str | None = None,
+    __base__: type[ModelT] | tuple[type[ModelT], ...],
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    __qualname__: str | None = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any | tuple[Any, Any],
+) -> type[ModelT]: ...
+
+
+def create_model(  # noqa: C901
+    model_name: str,
+    /,
+    *,
+    __config__: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    __doc__: str | None = None,
+    __base__: type[ModelT] | tuple[type[ModelT], ...] | None = None,
+    __module__: str | None = None,
+    __validators__: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    __qualname__: str | None = None,
+    # TODO PEP 747: replace `Any` by the TypeForm:
+    **field_definitions: Any | tuple[Any, Any],
+) -> type[ModelT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Dynamic Model Creation](../concepts/models.md#dynamic-model-creation)
+
+    Dynamically creates and returns a new Pydantic model, in other words, `create_model` dynamically creates a
+    subclass of [`BaseModel`][pydantic.BaseModel].
+
+    !!! warning
+        This function may execute arbitrary code contained in field annotations, if string references need to be evaluated.
+
+        See [Security implications of introspecting annotations](https://docs.python.org/3/library/annotationlib.html#annotationlib-security) for more information.
+
+    Args:
+        model_name: The name of the newly created model.
+        __config__: The configuration of the new model.
+        __doc__: The docstring of the new model.
+        __base__: The base class or classes for the new model.
+        __module__: The name of the module that the model belongs to;
+            if `None`, the value is taken from `sys._getframe(1)`
+        __validators__: A dictionary of methods that validate fields. The keys are the names of the validation methods to
+            be added to the model, and the values are the validation methods themselves. You can read more about functional
+            validators [here](https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.9/concepts/validators/#field-validators).
+        __cls_kwargs__: A dictionary of keyword arguments for class creation, such as `metaclass`.
+        __qualname__: The qualified name of the newly created model.
+        **field_definitions: Field definitions of the new model. Either:
+
+            - a single element, representing the type annotation of the field.
+            - a two-tuple, the first element being the type and the second element the assigned value
+              (either a default or the [`Field()`][pydantic.Field] function).
+
+    Returns:
+        The new [model][pydantic.BaseModel].
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticUserError: If `__base__` and `__config__` are both passed.
+    """
+    if __base__ is None:
+        __base__ = (cast('type[ModelT]', BaseModel),)
+    elif not isinstance(__base__, tuple):
+        __base__ = (__base__,)
+
+    __cls_kwargs__ = __cls_kwargs__ or {}
+
+    fields: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    annotations: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    for f_name, f_def in field_definitions.items():
+        if isinstance(f_def, tuple):
+            if len(f_def) != 2:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Field definition for {f_name!r} should a single element representing the type or a two-tuple, the first element '
+                    'being the type and the second element the assigned value (either a default or the `Field()` function).',
+                    code='create-model-field-definitions',
+                )
+
+            annotations[f_name] = f_def[0]
+            fields[f_name] = f_def[1]
+        else:
+            annotations[f_name] = f_def
+
+    if __module__ is None:
+        f = sys._getframe(1)
+        __module__ = f.f_globals['__name__']
+
+    namespace: dict[str, Any] = {'__annotations__': annotations, '__module__': __module__}
+    if __doc__:
+        namespace['__doc__'] = __doc__
+    if __qualname__ is not None:
+        namespace['__qualname__'] = __qualname__
+    if __validators__:
+        namespace.update(__validators__)
+    namespace.update(fields)
+    if __config__:
+        namespace['model_config'] = __config__
+    resolved_bases = types.resolve_bases(__base__)
+    meta, ns, kwds = types.prepare_class(model_name, resolved_bases, kwds=__cls_kwargs__)
+    if resolved_bases is not __base__:
+        ns['__orig_bases__'] = __base__
+    namespace.update(ns)
+
+    return meta(
+        model_name,
+        resolved_bases,
+        namespace,
+        __pydantic_reset_parent_namespace__=False,
+        _create_model_module=__module__,
+        **kwds,
+    )
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/mypy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/mypy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed4c308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/mypy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1412 @@
+"""This module includes classes and functions designed specifically for use with the mypy plugin."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from mypy.errorcodes import ErrorCode
+from mypy.expandtype import expand_type, expand_type_by_instance
+from mypy.nodes import (
+    ARG_NAMED,
+    ARG_NAMED_OPT,
+    ARG_OPT,
+    ARG_POS,
+    ARG_STAR2,
+    INVARIANT,
+    MDEF,
+    Argument,
+    AssignmentStmt,
+    Block,
+    CallExpr,
+    ClassDef,
+    Context,
+    Decorator,
+    DictExpr,
+    EllipsisExpr,
+    Expression,
+    FuncDef,
+    IfStmt,
+    JsonDict,
+    MemberExpr,
+    NameExpr,
+    PassStmt,
+    PlaceholderNode,
+    RefExpr,
+    Statement,
+    StrExpr,
+    SymbolTableNode,
+    TempNode,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeInfo,
+    Var,
+)
+from mypy.options import Options
+from mypy.plugin import (
+    CheckerPluginInterface,
+    ClassDefContext,
+    DynamicClassDefContext,
+    MethodContext,
+    Plugin,
+    ReportConfigContext,
+    SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+)
+from mypy.plugins.common import (
+    deserialize_and_fixup_type,
+)
+from mypy.semanal import set_callable_name
+from mypy.server.trigger import make_wildcard_trigger
+from mypy.state import state
+from mypy.type_visitor import TypeTranslator
+from mypy.typeops import map_type_from_supertype
+from mypy.types import (
+    AnyType,
+    CallableType,
+    Instance,
+    NoneType,
+    Type,
+    TypeOfAny,
+    TypeType,
+    TypeVarType,
+    UnionType,
+    get_proper_type,
+)
+from mypy.typevars import fill_typevars
+from mypy.util import get_unique_redefinition_name
+from mypy.version import __version__ as mypy_version
+
+from pydantic._internal import _fields
+from pydantic.version import parse_mypy_version
+
+CONFIGFILE_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy'
+METADATA_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy-metadata'
+BASEMODEL_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.main.BaseModel'
+CREATE_MODEL_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.main.create_model'
+BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME = 'pydantic_settings.main.BaseSettings'
+ROOT_MODEL_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.root_model.RootModel'
+MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME = 'pydantic._internal._model_construction.ModelMetaclass'
+FIELD_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.fields.Field'
+DATACLASS_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass'
+MODEL_VALIDATOR_FULLNAME = 'pydantic.functional_validators.model_validator'
+DECORATOR_FULLNAMES = {
+    'pydantic.functional_validators.field_validator',
+    'pydantic.functional_validators.model_validator',
+    'pydantic.functional_serializers.serializer',
+    'pydantic.functional_serializers.model_serializer',
+    'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators.validator',
+    'pydantic.deprecated.class_validators.root_validator',
+}
+IMPLICIT_CLASSMETHOD_DECORATOR_FULLNAMES = DECORATOR_FULLNAMES - {'pydantic.functional_serializers.model_serializer'}
+
+
+MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE = parse_mypy_version(mypy_version)
+BUILTINS_NAME = 'builtins'
+
+# Increment version if plugin changes and mypy caches should be invalidated
+__version__ = 2
+
+
+def plugin(version: str) -> type[Plugin]:
+    """`version` is the mypy version string.
+
+    We might want to use this to print a warning if the mypy version being used is
+    newer, or especially older, than we expect (or need).
+
+    Args:
+        version: The mypy version string.
+
+    Return:
+        The Pydantic mypy plugin type.
+    """
+    return PydanticPlugin
+
+
+class PydanticPlugin(Plugin):
+    """The Pydantic mypy plugin."""
+
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        self.plugin_config = PydanticPluginConfig(options)
+        self._plugin_data = self.plugin_config.to_data()
+        super().__init__(options)
+
+    def get_base_class_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[ClassDefContext], None] | None:
+        """Update Pydantic model class."""
+        sym = self.lookup_fully_qualified(fullname)
+        if sym and isinstance(sym.node, TypeInfo):  # pragma: no branch
+            # No branching may occur if the mypy cache has not been cleared
+            if sym.node.has_base(BASEMODEL_FULLNAME):
+                return self._pydantic_model_class_maker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_metaclass_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[ClassDefContext], None] | None:
+        """Update Pydantic `ModelMetaclass` definition."""
+        if fullname == MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_method_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[MethodContext], Type] | None:
+        """Adjust return type of `from_orm` method call."""
+        if fullname.endswith('.from_orm'):
+            return from_attributes_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_dynamic_class_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Callable[[DynamicClassDefContext], None] | None:
+        """Recognize `create_model()` calls as dynamic BaseModel subclasses."""
+        if fullname == CREATE_MODEL_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_create_model_callback
+        return None
+
+    def report_config_data(self, ctx: ReportConfigContext) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return all plugin config data.
+
+        Used by mypy to determine if cache needs to be discarded.
+        """
+        return self._plugin_data
+
+    def _pydantic_model_class_maker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        transformer = PydanticModelTransformer(ctx.cls, ctx.reason, ctx.api, self.plugin_config)
+        transformer.transform()
+
+    def _pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        """Reset dataclass_transform_spec attribute of ModelMetaclass.
+
+        Let the plugin handle it. This behavior can be disabled
+        if 'debug_dataclass_transform' is set to True', for testing purposes.
+        """
+        if self.plugin_config.debug_dataclass_transform:
+            return
+        info_metaclass = ctx.cls.info.declared_metaclass
+        assert info_metaclass, "callback not passed from 'get_metaclass_hook'"
+        if getattr(info_metaclass.type, 'dataclass_transform_spec', None):
+            info_metaclass.type.dataclass_transform_spec = None
+
+    def _pydantic_create_model_callback(self, ctx: DynamicClassDefContext) -> None:
+        """Make variables assigned from `create_model()` usable as types by mypy."""
+        # Determine the base class from __base__ argument if provided
+        base_fullname = BASEMODEL_FULLNAME
+        for arg_name, arg_expr in zip(ctx.call.arg_names, ctx.call.args):
+            if arg_name == '__base__' and isinstance(arg_expr, RefExpr) and arg_expr.node is not None:
+                if isinstance(arg_expr.node, TypeInfo):
+                    base_fullname = arg_expr.node.fullname
+                elif isinstance(arg_expr.node, Var) and isinstance(arg_expr.node.type, Instance):
+                    base_fullname = arg_expr.node.type.type.fullname
+
+        base_sym = ctx.api.lookup_fully_qualified_or_none(base_fullname)
+        if base_sym is None or not isinstance(base_sym.node, TypeInfo):
+            # Fall back to BaseModel
+            base_sym = ctx.api.lookup_fully_qualified_or_none(BASEMODEL_FULLNAME)
+            if base_sym is None or not isinstance(base_sym.node, TypeInfo):
+                return
+
+        base_info = base_sym.node
+        base_instance = fill_typevars(base_info)
+        assert isinstance(base_instance, Instance)
+
+        info = ctx.api.basic_new_typeinfo(ctx.name, base_instance, ctx.call.line)
+        info.metaclass_type = base_info.metaclass_type
+
+        ctx.api.add_symbol_table_node(ctx.name, SymbolTableNode(MDEF, info))
+
+
+class PydanticPluginConfig:
+    """A Pydantic mypy plugin config holder.
+
+    Attributes:
+        init_forbid_extra: Whether to add a `**kwargs` at the end of the generated `__init__` signature.
+        init_typed: Whether to annotate fields in the generated `__init__`.
+        warn_required_dynamic_aliases: Whether to raise required dynamic aliases error.
+        debug_dataclass_transform: Whether to not reset `dataclass_transform_spec` attribute
+            of `ModelMetaclass` for testing purposes.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'init_forbid_extra',
+        'init_typed',
+        'warn_required_dynamic_aliases',
+        'debug_dataclass_transform',
+    )
+    init_forbid_extra: bool
+    init_typed: bool
+    warn_required_dynamic_aliases: bool
+    debug_dataclass_transform: bool  # undocumented
+
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        if options.config_file is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+
+        toml_config = parse_toml(options.config_file)
+        if toml_config is not None:
+            config = toml_config.get('tool', {}).get('pydantic-mypy', {})
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = config.get(key, False)
+                if not isinstance(setting, bool):
+                    raise ValueError(f'Configuration value must be a boolean for key: {key}')
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+        else:
+            plugin_config = ConfigParser()
+            plugin_config.read(options.config_file)
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = plugin_config.getboolean(CONFIGFILE_KEY, key, fallback=False)
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+
+    def to_data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Returns a dict of config names to their values."""
+        return {key: getattr(self, key) for key in self.__slots__}
+
+
+def from_attributes_callback(ctx: MethodContext) -> Type:
+    """Raise an error if from_attributes is not enabled."""
+    model_type: Instance
+    ctx_type = ctx.type
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, TypeType):
+        ctx_type = ctx_type.item
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, CallableType) and isinstance(ctx_type.ret_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type.ret_type  # called on the class
+    elif isinstance(ctx_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type  # called on an instance (unusual, but still valid)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        detail = f'ctx.type: {ctx_type} (of type {ctx_type.__class__.__name__})'
+        error_unexpected_behavior(detail, ctx.api, ctx.context)
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    pydantic_metadata = model_type.type.metadata.get(METADATA_KEY)
+    if pydantic_metadata is None:
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    if not model_type.type.has_base(BASEMODEL_FULLNAME):
+        # not a Pydantic v2 model
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    from_attributes = pydantic_metadata.get('config', {}).get('from_attributes')
+    if from_attributes is not True:
+        error_from_attributes(model_type.type.name, ctx.api, ctx.context)
+    return ctx.default_return_type
+
+
+class PydanticModelField:
+    """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        alias: str | None,
+        is_frozen: bool,
+        has_dynamic_alias: bool,
+        has_default: bool,
+        strict: bool | None,
+        line: int,
+        column: int,
+        type: Type | None,
+        info: TypeInfo,
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.alias = alias
+        self.is_frozen = is_frozen
+        self.has_dynamic_alias = has_dynamic_alias
+        self.has_default = has_default
+        self.strict = strict
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+        self.type = type
+        self.info = info
+
+    def to_argument(
+        self,
+        current_info: TypeInfo,
+        typed: bool,
+        model_strict: bool,
+        force_optional: bool,
+        use_alias: bool,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool,
+        is_root_model_root: bool,
+    ) -> Argument:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.to_argument."""
+        variable = self.to_var(current_info, api, use_alias, force_typevars_invariant)
+
+        strict = model_strict if self.strict is None else self.strict
+        if typed or strict:
+            type_annotation = self.expand_type(current_info, api, include_root_type=True)
+        else:
+            type_annotation = AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit)
+
+        return Argument(
+            variable=variable,
+            type_annotation=type_annotation,
+            initializer=None,
+            kind=ARG_OPT
+            if is_root_model_root
+            else (ARG_NAMED_OPT if force_optional or self.has_default else ARG_NAMED),
+        )
+
+    def expand_type(
+        self,
+        current_info: TypeInfo,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool = False,
+        include_root_type: bool = False,
+    ) -> Type | None:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.expand_type."""
+        if force_typevars_invariant:
+            # In some cases, mypy will emit an error "Cannot use a covariant type variable as a parameter"
+            # To prevent that, we add an option to replace typevars with invariant ones while building certain
+            # method signatures (in particular, `__init__`). There may be a better way to do this, if this causes
+            # us problems in the future, we should look into why the dataclasses plugin doesn't have this issue.
+            if isinstance(self.type, TypeVarType):
+                modified_type = self.type.copy_modified()
+                modified_type.variance = INVARIANT
+                self.type = modified_type
+
+        if self.type is not None and self.info.self_type is not None:
+            # In general, it is not safe to call `expand_type()` during semantic analysis,
+            # however this plugin is called very late, so all types should be fully ready.
+            # Also, it is tricky to avoid eager expansion of Self types here (e.g. because
+            # we serialize attributes).
+            with state.strict_optional_set(api.options.strict_optional):
+                filled_with_typevars = fill_typevars(current_info)
+                # Cannot be TupleType as current_info represents a Pydantic model:
+                assert isinstance(filled_with_typevars, Instance)
+                if force_typevars_invariant:
+                    for arg in filled_with_typevars.args:
+                        if isinstance(arg, TypeVarType):
+                            arg.variance = INVARIANT
+
+                expanded_type = expand_type(self.type, {self.info.self_type.id: filled_with_typevars})
+                if include_root_type and isinstance(expanded_type, Instance) and is_root_model(expanded_type.type):
+                    # When a root model is used as a field, Pydantic allows both an instance of the root model
+                    # as well as instances of the `root` field type:
+                    root_type = expanded_type.type['root'].type
+                    if root_type is None:
+                        # Happens if the hint for 'root' has unsolved forward references
+                        return expanded_type
+                    expanded_root_type = expand_type_by_instance(root_type, expanded_type)
+                    expanded_type = UnionType([expanded_type, expanded_root_type])
+                return expanded_type
+        return self.type
+
+    def to_var(
+        self,
+        current_info: TypeInfo,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        use_alias: bool,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool = False,
+    ) -> Var:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.to_var."""
+        if use_alias and self.alias is not None:
+            name = self.alias
+        else:
+            name = self.name
+
+        return Var(name, self.expand_type(current_info, api, force_typevars_invariant))
+
+    def serialize(self) -> JsonDict:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.serialize."""
+        assert self.type
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+            'alias': self.alias,
+            'is_frozen': self.is_frozen,
+            'has_dynamic_alias': self.has_dynamic_alias,
+            'has_default': self.has_default,
+            'strict': self.strict,
+            'line': self.line,
+            'column': self.column,
+            'type': self.type.serialize(),
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, info: TypeInfo, data: JsonDict, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface) -> PydanticModelField:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.deserialize."""
+        data = data.copy()
+        typ = deserialize_and_fixup_type(data.pop('type'), api)
+        return cls(type=typ, info=info, **data)
+
+    def expand_typevar_from_subtype(self, sub_type: TypeInfo, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface) -> None:
+        """Expands type vars in the context of a subtype when an attribute is inherited
+        from a generic super type.
+        """
+        if self.type is not None:
+            with state.strict_optional_set(api.options.strict_optional):
+                self.type = map_type_from_supertype(self.type, sub_type, self.info)
+
+
+class PydanticModelClassVar:
+    """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.
+
+    ClassVars are ignored by subclasses.
+
+    Attributes:
+        name: the ClassVar name
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, data: JsonDict) -> PydanticModelClassVar:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.deserialize."""
+        data = data.copy()
+        return cls(**data)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> JsonDict:
+        """Based on mypy.plugins.dataclasses.DataclassAttribute.serialize."""
+        return {
+            'name': self.name,
+        }
+
+
+class PydanticModelTransformer:
+    """Transform the BaseModel subclass according to the plugin settings.
+
+    Attributes:
+        tracked_config_fields: A set of field configs that the plugin has to track their value.
+    """
+
+    tracked_config_fields: set[str] = {
+        'extra',
+        'frozen',
+        'from_attributes',
+        'populate_by_name',
+        'validate_by_alias',
+        'validate_by_name',
+        'alias_generator',
+        'strict',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        cls: ClassDef,
+        reason: Expression | Statement,
+        api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+        plugin_config: PydanticPluginConfig,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._cls = cls
+        self._reason = reason
+        self._api = api
+
+        self.plugin_config = plugin_config
+
+    def transform(self) -> bool:
+        """Configures the BaseModel subclass according to the plugin settings.
+
+        In particular:
+
+        * determines the model config and fields,
+        * adds a fields-aware signature for the initializer and construct methods
+        * freezes the class if frozen = True
+        * stores the fields, config, and if the class is settings in the mypy metadata for access by subclasses
+        """
+        info = self._cls.info
+        is_a_root_model = is_root_model(info)
+        config = self.collect_config()
+        fields, class_vars = self.collect_fields_and_class_vars(config, is_a_root_model)
+        if fields is None or class_vars is None:
+            # Some definitions are not ready. We need another pass.
+            return False
+        for field in fields:
+            if field.type is None:
+                return False
+
+        is_settings = info.has_base(BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME)
+        self.add_initializer(fields, config, is_settings, is_a_root_model)
+        self.add_model_construct_method(fields, config, is_settings, is_a_root_model)
+        self.set_frozen(fields, self._api, frozen=config.frozen is True)
+
+        self.adjust_decorator_signatures()
+
+        info.metadata[METADATA_KEY] = {
+            'fields': {field.name: field.serialize() for field in fields},
+            'class_vars': {class_var.name: class_var.serialize() for class_var in class_vars},
+            'config': config.get_values_dict(),
+        }
+
+        return True
+
+    def adjust_decorator_signatures(self) -> None:
+        """When we decorate a function `f` with `pydantic.validator(...)`, `pydantic.field_validator`
+        or `pydantic.serializer(...)`, mypy sees `f` as a regular method taking a `self` instance,
+        even though pydantic internally wraps `f` with `classmethod` if necessary.
+
+        Teach mypy this by marking any function whose outermost decorator is a `validator()`,
+        `field_validator()` or `serializer()` call as a `classmethod`.
+        """
+        for sym in self._cls.info.names.values():
+            if isinstance(sym.node, Decorator):
+                first_dec = sym.node.original_decorators[0]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(first_dec, CallExpr)
+                    and isinstance(first_dec.callee, NameExpr)
+                    and first_dec.callee.fullname in IMPLICIT_CLASSMETHOD_DECORATOR_FULLNAMES
+                    # @model_validator(mode="after") is an exception, it expects a regular method
+                    and not (
+                        first_dec.callee.fullname == MODEL_VALIDATOR_FULLNAME
+                        and any(
+                            first_dec.arg_names[i] == 'mode' and isinstance(arg, StrExpr) and arg.value == 'after'
+                            for i, arg in enumerate(first_dec.args)
+                        )
+                    )
+                ):
+                    # TODO: Only do this if the first argument of the decorated function is `cls`
+                    sym.node.func.is_class = True
+
+    def collect_config(self) -> ModelConfigData:  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        """Collects the values of the config attributes that are used by the plugin, accounting for parent classes."""
+        cls = self._cls
+        config = ModelConfigData()
+
+        has_config_kwargs = False
+        has_config_from_namespace = False
+
+        # Handle `class MyModel(BaseModel, <name>=<expr>, ...):`
+        for name, expr in cls.keywords.items():
+            config_data = self.get_config_update(name, expr)
+            if config_data:
+                has_config_kwargs = True
+                config.update(config_data)
+
+        # Handle `model_config`
+        stmt: Statement | None = None
+        for stmt in cls.defs.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, (AssignmentStmt, ClassDef)):
+                continue
+
+            if isinstance(stmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+                if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) or lhs.name != 'model_config':
+                    continue
+
+                if isinstance(stmt.rvalue, CallExpr):  # calls to `dict` or `ConfigDict`
+                    for arg_name, arg in zip(stmt.rvalue.arg_names, stmt.rvalue.args):
+                        if arg_name is None:
+                            continue
+                        config.update(self.get_config_update(arg_name, arg, lax_extra=True))
+                elif isinstance(stmt.rvalue, DictExpr):  # dict literals
+                    for key_expr, value_expr in stmt.rvalue.items:
+                        if not isinstance(key_expr, StrExpr):
+                            continue
+                        config.update(self.get_config_update(key_expr.value, value_expr))
+
+            elif isinstance(stmt, ClassDef):
+                if stmt.name != 'Config':  # 'deprecated' Config-class
+                    continue
+                for substmt in stmt.defs.body:
+                    if not isinstance(substmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                        continue
+                    lhs = substmt.lvalues[0]
+                    if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr):
+                        continue
+                    config.update(self.get_config_update(lhs.name, substmt.rvalue))
+
+            if has_config_kwargs:
+                self._api.fail(
+                    'Specifying config in two places is ambiguous, use either Config attribute or class kwargs',
+                    cls,
+                )
+                break
+
+            has_config_from_namespace = True
+
+        if has_config_kwargs or has_config_from_namespace:
+            if (
+                stmt
+                and config.has_alias_generator
+                and not (config.validate_by_name or config.populate_by_name)
+                and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+            ):
+                error_required_dynamic_aliases(self._api, stmt)
+
+        for info in cls.info.mro[1:]:  # 0 is the current class
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            # Each class depends on the set of fields in its ancestors
+            self._api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(info.fullname))
+            for name, value in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['config'].items():
+                config.setdefault(name, value)
+        return config
+
+    def collect_fields_and_class_vars(
+        self, model_config: ModelConfigData, is_root_model: bool
+    ) -> tuple[list[PydanticModelField] | None, list[PydanticModelClassVar] | None]:
+        """Collects the fields for the model, accounting for parent classes."""
+        cls = self._cls
+
+        # First, collect fields and ClassVars belonging to any class in the MRO, ignoring duplicates.
+        #
+        # We iterate through the MRO in reverse because attrs defined in the parent must appear
+        # earlier in the attributes list than attrs defined in the child. See:
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#inheritance
+        #
+        # However, we also want fields defined in the subtype to override ones defined
+        # in the parent. We can implement this via a dict without disrupting the attr order
+        # because dicts preserve insertion order in Python 3.7+.
+        found_fields: dict[str, PydanticModelField] = {}
+        found_class_vars: dict[str, PydanticModelClassVar] = {}
+        for info in reversed(cls.info.mro[1:-1]):  # 0 is the current class, -2 is BaseModel, -1 is object
+            # if BASEMODEL_METADATA_TAG_KEY in info.metadata and BASEMODEL_METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+            #     # We haven't processed the base class yet. Need another pass.
+            #     return None, None
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            # Each class depends on the set of attributes in its dataclass ancestors.
+            self._api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(info.fullname))
+
+            for name, data in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['fields'].items():
+                field = PydanticModelField.deserialize(info, data, self._api)
+                # (The following comment comes directly from the dataclasses plugin)
+                # TODO: We shouldn't be performing type operations during the main
+                #       semantic analysis pass, since some TypeInfo attributes might
+                #       still be in flux. This should be performed in a later phase.
+                field.expand_typevar_from_subtype(cls.info, self._api)
+                found_fields[name] = field
+
+                sym_node = cls.info.names.get(name)
+                if sym_node and sym_node.node and not isinstance(sym_node.node, (Var, PlaceholderNode)):
+                    self._api.fail(
+                        'BaseModel field may only be overridden by another field',
+                        sym_node.node,
+                    )
+            # Collect ClassVars
+            for name, data in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['class_vars'].items():
+                found_class_vars[name] = PydanticModelClassVar.deserialize(data)
+
+        # Second, collect fields and ClassVars belonging to the current class.
+        current_field_names: set[str] = set()
+        current_class_vars_names: set[str] = set()
+        for stmt in self._get_assignment_statements_from_block(cls.defs):
+            maybe_field = self.collect_field_or_class_var_from_stmt(stmt, model_config, found_class_vars)
+            if maybe_field is None:
+                continue
+
+            lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+            assert isinstance(lhs, NameExpr)  # collect_field_or_class_var_from_stmt guarantees this
+            if isinstance(maybe_field, PydanticModelField):
+                if is_root_model and lhs.name != 'root':
+                    error_extra_fields_on_root_model(self._api, stmt)
+                else:
+                    current_field_names.add(lhs.name)
+                    found_fields[lhs.name] = maybe_field
+            elif isinstance(maybe_field, PydanticModelClassVar):
+                current_class_vars_names.add(lhs.name)
+                found_class_vars[lhs.name] = maybe_field
+
+        return list(found_fields.values()), list(found_class_vars.values())
+
+    def _get_assignment_statements_from_if_statement(self, stmt: IfStmt) -> Iterator[AssignmentStmt]:
+        for body in stmt.body:
+            if not body.is_unreachable:
+                yield from self._get_assignment_statements_from_block(body)
+        if stmt.else_body is not None and not stmt.else_body.is_unreachable:
+            yield from self._get_assignment_statements_from_block(stmt.else_body)
+
+    def _get_assignment_statements_from_block(self, block: Block) -> Iterator[AssignmentStmt]:
+        for stmt in block.body:
+            if isinstance(stmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                yield stmt
+            elif isinstance(stmt, IfStmt):
+                yield from self._get_assignment_statements_from_if_statement(stmt)
+
+    def collect_field_or_class_var_from_stmt(  # noqa C901
+        self, stmt: AssignmentStmt, model_config: ModelConfigData, class_vars: dict[str, PydanticModelClassVar]
+    ) -> PydanticModelField | PydanticModelClassVar | None:
+        """Get pydantic model field from statement.
+
+        Args:
+            stmt: The statement.
+            model_config: Configuration settings for the model.
+            class_vars: ClassVars already known to be defined on the model.
+
+        Returns:
+            A pydantic model field if it could find the field in statement. Otherwise, `None`.
+        """
+        cls = self._cls
+
+        lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+        if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) or not _fields.is_valid_field_name(lhs.name) or lhs.name == 'model_config':
+            return None
+
+        if not stmt.new_syntax:
+            if (
+                isinstance(stmt.rvalue, CallExpr)
+                and isinstance(stmt.rvalue.callee, CallExpr)
+                and isinstance(stmt.rvalue.callee.callee, NameExpr)
+                and stmt.rvalue.callee.callee.fullname in DECORATOR_FULLNAMES
+            ):
+                # This is a (possibly-reused) validator or serializer, not a field
+                # In particular, it looks something like: my_validator = validator('my_field')(f)
+                # Eventually, we may want to attempt to respect model_config['ignored_types']
+                return None
+
+            if lhs.name in class_vars:
+                # Class vars are not fields and are not required to be annotated
+                return None
+
+            # The assignment does not have an annotation, and it's not anything else we recognize
+            error_untyped_fields(self._api, stmt)
+            return None
+
+        lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+        if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr):
+            return None
+
+        if not _fields.is_valid_field_name(lhs.name) or lhs.name == 'model_config':
+            return None
+
+        sym = cls.info.names.get(lhs.name)
+        if sym is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            # This is likely due to a star import (see the dataclasses plugin for a more detailed explanation)
+            # This is the same logic used in the dataclasses plugin
+            return None
+
+        node = sym.node
+        if isinstance(node, PlaceholderNode):  # pragma: no cover
+            # See the PlaceholderNode docstring for more detail about how this can occur
+            # Basically, it is an edge case when dealing with complex import logic
+
+            # The dataclasses plugin now asserts this cannot happen, but I'd rather not error if it does..
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(node, TypeAlias):
+            self._api.fail(
+                'Type aliases inside BaseModel definitions are not supported at runtime',
+                node,
+            )
+            # Skip processing this node. This doesn't match the runtime behaviour,
+            # but the only alternative would be to modify the SymbolTable,
+            # and it's a little hairy to do that in a plugin.
+            return None
+
+        if not isinstance(node, Var):  # pragma: no cover
+            # Don't know if this edge case still happens with the `is_valid_field` check above
+            # but better safe than sorry
+
+            # The dataclasses plugin now asserts this cannot happen, but I'd rather not error if it does..
+            return None
+
+        # x: ClassVar[int] is not a field
+        if node.is_classvar:
+            return PydanticModelClassVar(lhs.name)
+
+        # x: InitVar[int] is not supported in BaseModel
+        node_type = get_proper_type(node.type)
+        if isinstance(node_type, Instance) and node_type.type.fullname == 'dataclasses.InitVar':
+            self._api.fail(
+                'InitVar is not supported in BaseModel',
+                node,
+            )
+
+        has_default = self.get_has_default(stmt)
+        strict = self.get_strict(stmt)
+
+        if sym.type is None and node.is_final and node.is_inferred:
+            # This follows the logic from the dataclasses plugin. The following comment is taken verbatim:
+            #
+            # This is a special case, assignment like x: Final = 42 is classified
+            # annotated above, but mypy strips the `Final` turning it into x = 42.
+            # We do not support inferred types in dataclasses, so we can try inferring
+            # type for simple literals, and otherwise require an explicit type
+            # argument for Final[...].
+            typ = self._api.analyze_simple_literal_type(stmt.rvalue, is_final=True)
+            if typ:
+                node.type = typ
+            else:
+                self._api.fail(
+                    'Need type argument for Final[...] with non-literal default in BaseModel',
+                    stmt,
+                )
+                node.type = AnyType(TypeOfAny.from_error)
+
+        if node.is_final and has_default:
+            # TODO this path should be removed (see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/11119)
+            return PydanticModelClassVar(lhs.name)
+
+        alias, has_dynamic_alias = self.get_alias_info(stmt)
+        if (
+            has_dynamic_alias
+            and not (model_config.validate_by_name or model_config.populate_by_name)
+            and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+        ):
+            error_required_dynamic_aliases(self._api, stmt)
+        is_frozen = self.is_field_frozen(stmt)
+
+        init_type = self._infer_dataclass_attr_init_type(sym, lhs.name, stmt)
+        return PydanticModelField(
+            name=lhs.name,
+            has_dynamic_alias=has_dynamic_alias,
+            has_default=has_default,
+            strict=strict,
+            alias=alias,
+            is_frozen=is_frozen,
+            line=stmt.line,
+            column=stmt.column,
+            type=init_type,
+            info=cls.info,
+        )
+
+    def _infer_dataclass_attr_init_type(self, sym: SymbolTableNode, name: str, context: Context) -> Type | None:
+        """Infer __init__ argument type for an attribute.
+
+        In particular, possibly use the signature of __set__.
+        """
+        default = sym.type
+        if sym.implicit:
+            return default
+        t = get_proper_type(sym.type)
+
+        # Perform a simple-minded inference from the signature of __set__, if present.
+        # We can't use mypy.checkmember here, since this plugin runs before type checking.
+        # We only support some basic scanerios here, which is hopefully sufficient for
+        # the vast majority of use cases.
+        if not isinstance(t, Instance):
+            return default
+        setter = t.type.get('__set__')
+        if setter:
+            if isinstance(setter.node, FuncDef):
+                super_info = t.type.get_containing_type_info('__set__')
+                assert super_info
+                if setter.type:
+                    setter_type = get_proper_type(map_type_from_supertype(setter.type, t.type, super_info))
+                else:
+                    return AnyType(TypeOfAny.unannotated)
+                if isinstance(setter_type, CallableType) and setter_type.arg_kinds == [
+                    ARG_POS,
+                    ARG_POS,
+                    ARG_POS,
+                ]:
+                    return expand_type_by_instance(setter_type.arg_types[2], t)
+                else:
+                    self._api.fail(f'Unsupported signature for "__set__" in "{t.type.name}"', context)
+            else:
+                self._api.fail(f'Unsupported "__set__" in "{t.type.name}"', context)
+
+        return default
+
+    def add_initializer(
+        self, fields: list[PydanticModelField], config: ModelConfigData, is_settings: bool, is_root_model: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a fields-aware `__init__` method to the class.
+
+        The added `__init__` will be annotated with types vs. all `Any` depending on the plugin settings.
+        """
+        if '__init__' in self._cls.info.names and not self._cls.info.names['__init__'].plugin_generated:
+            return  # Don't generate an __init__ if one already exists
+
+        typed = self.plugin_config.init_typed
+        model_strict = bool(config.strict)
+        use_alias = not (config.validate_by_name or config.populate_by_name) and config.validate_by_alias is not False
+        requires_dynamic_aliases = bool(config.has_alias_generator and not config.validate_by_name)
+        args = self.get_field_arguments(
+            fields,
+            typed=typed,
+            model_strict=model_strict,
+            requires_dynamic_aliases=requires_dynamic_aliases,
+            use_alias=use_alias,
+            is_settings=is_settings,
+            is_root_model=is_root_model,
+            force_typevars_invariant=True,
+        )
+
+        if is_settings:
+            base_settings_node = self._api.lookup_fully_qualified(BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME).node
+            assert isinstance(base_settings_node, TypeInfo)
+            if '__init__' in base_settings_node.names:
+                base_settings_init_node = base_settings_node.names['__init__'].node
+                assert isinstance(base_settings_init_node, FuncDef)
+                if base_settings_init_node is not None and base_settings_init_node.type is not None:
+                    func_type = base_settings_init_node.type
+                    assert isinstance(func_type, CallableType)
+                    for arg_idx, arg_name in enumerate(func_type.arg_names):
+                        if arg_name is None or arg_name.startswith('__') or not arg_name.startswith('_'):
+                            continue
+                        analyzed_variable_type = self._api.anal_type(func_type.arg_types[arg_idx])
+                        if analyzed_variable_type is not None and arg_name in (
+                            '_cli_settings_source',
+                            '_build_sources',
+                        ):
+                            # These arg names are annotated with types explicitly parameterized with `Any`, and as such
+                            # the Any causes issues with --disallow-any-explicit. As a workaround, change
+                            # the Any type (as if the generic type was left unparameterized):
+                            analyzed_variable_type = analyzed_variable_type.accept(
+                                ChangeExplicitTypeOfAny(TypeOfAny.from_omitted_generics)
+                            )
+                        variable = Var(arg_name, analyzed_variable_type)
+                        args.append(Argument(variable, analyzed_variable_type, None, ARG_OPT))
+
+        if not self.should_init_forbid_extra(fields, config):
+            var = Var('kwargs')
+            args.append(Argument(var, AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit), None, ARG_STAR2))
+
+        add_method(self._api, self._cls, '__init__', args=args, return_type=NoneType())
+
+    def add_model_construct_method(
+        self,
+        fields: list[PydanticModelField],
+        config: ModelConfigData,
+        is_settings: bool,
+        is_root_model: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Adds a fully typed `model_construct` classmethod to the class.
+
+        Similar to the fields-aware __init__ method, but always uses the field names (not aliases),
+        and does not treat settings fields as optional.
+        """
+        set_str = self._api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.set', [self._api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.str')])
+        optional_set_str = UnionType([set_str, NoneType()])
+        fields_set_argument = Argument(Var('_fields_set', optional_set_str), optional_set_str, None, ARG_OPT)
+        with state.strict_optional_set(self._api.options.strict_optional):
+            args = self.get_field_arguments(
+                fields,
+                typed=True,
+                model_strict=bool(config.strict),
+                requires_dynamic_aliases=False,
+                use_alias=False,
+                is_settings=is_settings,
+                is_root_model=is_root_model,
+            )
+        if not self.should_init_forbid_extra(fields, config):
+            var = Var('kwargs')
+            args.append(Argument(var, AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit), None, ARG_STAR2))
+
+        args = args + [fields_set_argument] if is_root_model else [fields_set_argument] + args
+
+        add_method(
+            self._api,
+            self._cls,
+            'model_construct',
+            args=args,
+            return_type=fill_typevars(self._cls.info),
+            is_classmethod=True,
+        )
+
+    def set_frozen(self, fields: list[PydanticModelField], api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, frozen: bool) -> None:
+        """Marks all fields as properties so that attempts to set them trigger mypy errors.
+
+        This is the same approach used by the attrs and dataclasses plugins.
+        """
+        info = self._cls.info
+        for field in fields:
+            sym_node = info.names.get(field.name)
+            if sym_node is not None:
+                var = sym_node.node
+                if isinstance(var, Var):
+                    var.is_property = frozen or field.is_frozen
+                elif isinstance(var, PlaceholderNode) and not self._api.final_iteration:
+                    # See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5191 to hit this branch for test coverage
+                    self._api.defer()
+                # `var` can also be a FuncDef or Decorator node (e.g. when overriding a field with a function or property).
+                # In that case, we don't want to do anything. Mypy will already raise an error that a field was not properly
+                # overridden.
+            else:
+                var = field.to_var(info, api, use_alias=False)
+                var.info = info
+                var.is_property = frozen
+                var._fullname = info.fullname + '.' + var.name
+                info.names[var.name] = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, var)
+
+    def get_config_update(self, name: str, arg: Expression, lax_extra: bool = False) -> ModelConfigData | None:
+        """Determines the config update due to a single kwarg in the ConfigDict definition.
+
+        Warns if a tracked config attribute is set to a value the plugin doesn't know how to interpret (e.g., an int)
+        """
+        if name not in self.tracked_config_fields:
+            return None
+        if name == 'extra':
+            if isinstance(arg, StrExpr):
+                forbid_extra = arg.value == 'forbid'
+            elif isinstance(arg, MemberExpr):
+                forbid_extra = arg.name == 'forbid'
+            else:
+                if not lax_extra:
+                    # Only emit an error for other types of `arg` (e.g., `NameExpr`, `ConditionalExpr`, etc.) when
+                    # reading from a config class, etc. If a ConfigDict is used, then we don't want to emit an error
+                    # because you'll get type checking from the ConfigDict itself.
+                    #
+                    # It would be nice if we could introspect the types better otherwise, but I don't know what the API
+                    # is to evaluate an expr into its type and then check if that type is compatible with the expected
+                    # type. Note that you can still get proper type checking via: `model_config = ConfigDict(...)`, just
+                    # if you don't use an explicit string, the plugin won't be able to infer whether extra is forbidden.
+                    error_invalid_config_value(name, self._api, arg)
+                return None
+            return ModelConfigData(forbid_extra=forbid_extra)
+        if name == 'alias_generator':
+            has_alias_generator = True
+            if isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname == 'builtins.None':
+                has_alias_generator = False
+            return ModelConfigData(has_alias_generator=has_alias_generator)
+        if isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname in ('builtins.True', 'builtins.False'):
+            return ModelConfigData(**{name: arg.fullname == 'builtins.True'})
+        error_invalid_config_value(name, self._api, arg)
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_has_default(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> bool:
+        """Returns a boolean indicating whether the field defined in `stmt` is a required field."""
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only, so has no default
+            return False
+        if isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            # The "default value" is a call to `Field`; at this point, the field has a default if and only if:
+            # * there is a positional argument that is not `...`
+            # * there is a keyword argument named "default" that is not `...`
+            # * there is a "default_factory" that is not `None`
+            for arg, name in zip(expr.args, expr.arg_names):
+                # If name is None, then this arg is the default because it is the only positional argument.
+                if name is None or name == 'default':
+                    return arg.__class__ is not EllipsisExpr
+                if name == 'default_factory':
+                    return not (isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname == 'builtins.None')
+            return False
+        # Has no default if the "default value" is Ellipsis (i.e., `field_name: Annotation = ...`)
+        return not isinstance(expr, EllipsisExpr)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_strict(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> bool | None:
+        """Returns a the `strict` value of a field if defined, otherwise `None`."""
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            for arg, name in zip(expr.args, expr.arg_names):
+                if name != 'strict':
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(arg, NameExpr):
+                    if arg.fullname == 'builtins.True':
+                        return True
+                    elif arg.fullname == 'builtins.False':
+                        return False
+                return None
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_alias_info(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> tuple[str | None, bool]:
+        """Returns a pair (alias, has_dynamic_alias), extracted from the declaration of the field defined in `stmt`.
+
+        `has_dynamic_alias` is True if and only if an alias is provided, but not as a string literal.
+        If `has_dynamic_alias` is True, `alias` will be None.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only
+            return None, False
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME
+        ):
+            # Assigned value is not a call to pydantic.fields.Field
+            return None, False
+
+        if 'validation_alias' in expr.arg_names:
+            arg = expr.args[expr.arg_names.index('validation_alias')]
+        elif 'alias' in expr.arg_names:
+            arg = expr.args[expr.arg_names.index('alias')]
+        else:
+            return None, False
+
+        if isinstance(arg, StrExpr):
+            return arg.value, False
+        else:
+            return None, True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_field_frozen(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> bool:
+        """Returns whether the field is frozen, extracted from the declaration of the field defined in `stmt`.
+
+        Note that this is only whether the field was declared to be frozen in a `<field_name> = Field(frozen=True)`
+        sense; this does not determine whether the field is frozen because the entire model is frozen; that is
+        handled separately.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only
+            return False
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME
+        ):
+            # Assigned value is not a call to pydantic.fields.Field
+            return False
+
+        for i, arg_name in enumerate(expr.arg_names):
+            if arg_name == 'frozen':
+                arg = expr.args[i]
+                return isinstance(arg, NameExpr) and arg.fullname == 'builtins.True'
+        return False
+
+    def get_field_arguments(
+        self,
+        fields: list[PydanticModelField],
+        typed: bool,
+        model_strict: bool,
+        use_alias: bool,
+        requires_dynamic_aliases: bool,
+        is_settings: bool,
+        is_root_model: bool,
+        force_typevars_invariant: bool = False,
+    ) -> list[Argument]:
+        """Helper function used during the construction of the `__init__` and `model_construct` method signatures.
+
+        Returns a list of mypy Argument instances for use in the generated signatures.
+        """
+        info = self._cls.info
+        arguments = [
+            field.to_argument(
+                info,
+                typed=typed,
+                model_strict=model_strict,
+                force_optional=requires_dynamic_aliases or is_settings,
+                use_alias=use_alias,
+                api=self._api,
+                force_typevars_invariant=force_typevars_invariant,
+                is_root_model_root=is_root_model and field.name == 'root',
+            )
+            for field in fields
+            if not (use_alias and field.has_dynamic_alias)
+        ]
+        return arguments
+
+    def should_init_forbid_extra(self, fields: list[PydanticModelField], config: ModelConfigData) -> bool:
+        """Indicates whether the generated `__init__` should get a `**kwargs` at the end of its signature.
+
+        We disallow arbitrary kwargs if the extra config setting is "forbid", or if the plugin config says to,
+        *unless* a required dynamic alias is present (since then we can't determine a valid signature).
+        """
+        if not (config.validate_by_name or config.populate_by_name):
+            if self.is_dynamic_alias_present(fields, bool(config.has_alias_generator)):
+                return False
+        if config.forbid_extra:
+            return True
+        return self.plugin_config.init_forbid_extra
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_dynamic_alias_present(fields: list[PydanticModelField], has_alias_generator: bool) -> bool:
+        """Returns whether any fields on the model have a "dynamic alias", i.e., an alias that cannot be
+        determined during static analysis.
+        """
+        for field in fields:
+            if field.has_dynamic_alias:
+                return True
+        if has_alias_generator:
+            for field in fields:
+                if field.alias is None:
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+
+class ChangeExplicitTypeOfAny(TypeTranslator):
+    """A type translator used to change type of Any's, if explicit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, type_of_any: int) -> None:
+        self._type_of_any = type_of_any
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def visit_any(self, t: AnyType) -> Type:  # noqa: D102
+        if t.type_of_any == TypeOfAny.explicit:
+            return t.copy_modified(type_of_any=self._type_of_any)
+        else:
+            return t
+
+
+class ModelConfigData:
+    """Pydantic mypy plugin model config class."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        forbid_extra: bool | None = None,
+        frozen: bool | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        populate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+        validate_by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        validate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+        has_alias_generator: bool | None = None,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.forbid_extra = forbid_extra
+        self.frozen = frozen
+        self.from_attributes = from_attributes
+        self.populate_by_name = populate_by_name
+        self.validate_by_alias = validate_by_alias
+        self.validate_by_name = validate_by_name
+        self.has_alias_generator = has_alias_generator
+        self.strict = strict
+
+    def get_values_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Returns a dict of Pydantic model config names to their values.
+
+        It includes the config if config value is not `None`.
+        """
+        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if v is not None}
+
+    def update(self, config: ModelConfigData | None) -> None:
+        """Update Pydantic model config values."""
+        if config is None:
+            return
+        for k, v in config.get_values_dict().items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Set default value for Pydantic model config if config value is `None`."""
+        if getattr(self, key) is None:
+            setattr(self, key, value)
+
+
+def is_root_model(info: TypeInfo) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the type info is a root model subclass (or the `RootModel` class itself)."""
+    return info.has_base(ROOT_MODEL_FULLNAME)
+
+
+ERROR_ORM = ErrorCode('pydantic-orm', 'Invalid from_attributes call', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_CONFIG = ErrorCode('pydantic-config', 'Invalid config value', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_ALIAS = ErrorCode('pydantic-alias', 'Dynamic alias disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNEXPECTED = ErrorCode('pydantic-unexpected', 'Unexpected behavior', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNTYPED = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Untyped field disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_FIELD_DEFAULTS = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Invalid Field defaults', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_EXTRA_FIELD_ROOT_MODEL = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Extra field on RootModel subclass', 'Pydantic')
+
+
+def error_from_attributes(model_name: str, api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when the model does not have `from_attributes=True`."""
+    api.fail(f'"{model_name}" does not have from_attributes=True', context, code=ERROR_ORM)
+
+
+def error_invalid_config_value(name: str, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when the config value is invalid."""
+    api.fail(f'Invalid value for "Config.{name}"', context, code=ERROR_CONFIG)
+
+
+def error_required_dynamic_aliases(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits required dynamic aliases error.
+
+    This will be called when `warn_required_dynamic_aliases=True`.
+    """
+    api.fail('Required dynamic aliases disallowed', context, code=ERROR_ALIAS)
+
+
+def error_unexpected_behavior(
+    detail: str, api: CheckerPluginInterface | SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """Emits unexpected behavior error."""
+    # Can't think of a good way to test this, but I confirmed it renders as desired by adding to a non-error path
+    link = 'https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/new/choose'
+    full_message = f'The pydantic mypy plugin ran into unexpected behavior: {detail}\n'
+    full_message += f'Please consider reporting this bug at {link} so we can try to fix it!'
+    api.fail(full_message, context, code=ERROR_UNEXPECTED)
+
+
+def error_untyped_fields(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when there is an untyped field in the model."""
+    api.fail('Untyped fields disallowed', context, code=ERROR_UNTYPED)
+
+
+def error_extra_fields_on_root_model(api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    """Emits an error when there is more than just a root field defined for a subclass of RootModel."""
+    api.fail('Only `root` is allowed as a field of a `RootModel`', context, code=ERROR_EXTRA_FIELD_ROOT_MODEL)
+
+
+def add_method(
+    api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface | CheckerPluginInterface,
+    cls: ClassDef,
+    name: str,
+    args: list[Argument],
+    return_type: Type,
+    self_type: Type | None = None,
+    tvar_def: TypeVarType | None = None,
+    is_classmethod: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Very closely related to `mypy.plugins.common.add_method_to_class`, with a few pydantic-specific changes."""
+    info = cls.info
+
+    # First remove any previously generated methods with the same name
+    # to avoid clashes and problems in the semantic analyzer.
+    if name in info.names:
+        sym = info.names[name]
+        if sym.plugin_generated and isinstance(sym.node, FuncDef):
+            cls.defs.body.remove(sym.node)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    if isinstance(api, SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface):
+        function_type = api.named_type('builtins.function')
+    else:
+        function_type = api.named_generic_type('builtins.function', [])
+
+    if is_classmethod:
+        self_type = self_type or TypeType(fill_typevars(info))
+        first = [Argument(Var('_cls'), self_type, None, ARG_POS, True)]
+    else:
+        self_type = self_type or fill_typevars(info)
+        # `self` is positional *ONLY* here, but this can't be expressed
+        # fully in the mypy internal API. ARG_POS is the closest we can get.
+        # Using ARG_POS will, however, give mypy errors if a `self` field
+        # is present on a model:
+        #
+        #     Name "self" already defined (possibly by an import)  [no-redef]
+        #
+        # As a workaround, we give this argument a name that will
+        # never conflict. By its positional nature, this name will not
+        # be used or exposed to users.
+        first = [Argument(Var('__pydantic_self__'), self_type, None, ARG_POS)]
+    args = first + args
+
+    arg_types, arg_names, arg_kinds = [], [], []
+    for arg in args:
+        assert arg.type_annotation, 'All arguments must be fully typed.'
+        arg_types.append(arg.type_annotation)
+        arg_names.append(arg.variable.name)
+        arg_kinds.append(arg.kind)
+
+    signature = CallableType(
+        arg_types, arg_kinds, arg_names, return_type, function_type, variables=[tvar_def] if tvar_def else None
+    )
+
+    func = FuncDef(name, args, Block([PassStmt()]))
+    func.info = info
+    func.type = set_callable_name(signature, func)
+    func.is_class = is_classmethod
+    func._fullname = info.fullname + '.' + name
+    func.line = info.line
+
+    # NOTE: we would like the plugin generated node to dominate, but we still
+    # need to keep any existing definitions so they get semantically analyzed.
+    if name in info.names:
+        # Get a nice unique name instead.
+        r_name = get_unique_redefinition_name(name, info.names)
+        info.names[r_name] = info.names[name]
+
+    # Add decorator for is_classmethod
+    # The dataclasses plugin claims this is unnecessary for classmethods, but not including it results in a
+    # signature incompatible with the superclass, which causes mypy errors to occur for every subclass of BaseModel.
+    if is_classmethod:
+        func.is_decorated = True
+        v = Var(name, func.type)
+        v.info = info
+        v._fullname = func._fullname
+        v.is_classmethod = True
+        dec = Decorator(func, [NameExpr('classmethod')], v)
+        dec.line = info.line
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, dec)
+    else:
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, func)
+    sym.plugin_generated = True
+    info.names[name] = sym
+
+    info.defn.defs.body.append(func)
+
+
+def parse_toml(config_file: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    """Returns a dict of config keys to values.
+
+    It reads configs from toml file and returns `None` if the file is not a toml file.
+    """
+    if not config_file.endswith('.toml'):
+        return None
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        import tomllib as toml_
+    else:
+        try:
+            import tomli as toml_
+        except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+            import warnings
+
+            warnings.warn('No TOML parser installed, cannot read configuration from `pyproject.toml`.', stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+
+    with open(config_file, 'rb') as rf:
+        return toml_.load(rf)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/networks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/networks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4015bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/networks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
+"""The networks module contains types for common network-related fields."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import dataclasses as _dataclasses
+import re
+from dataclasses import fields
+from functools import lru_cache
+from importlib.metadata import version
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, ClassVar
+
+from pydantic_core import (
+    MultiHostHost,
+    PydanticCustomError,
+    PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue,
+    SchemaSerializer,
+    core_schema,
+)
+from pydantic_core import MultiHostUrl as _CoreMultiHostUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url as _CoreUrl
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias
+
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticUserError
+
+from ._internal import _repr, _schema_generation_shared
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler
+from .json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from .type_adapter import TypeAdapter
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import email_validator
+
+    NetworkType: TypeAlias = 'str | bytes | int | tuple[str | bytes | int, str | int]'
+
+else:
+    email_validator = None
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'FtpUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'WebsocketUrl',
+    'AnyWebsocketUrl',
+    'UrlConstraints',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'NatsDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+    'MySQLDsn',
+    'MariaDBDsn',
+    'ClickHouseDsn',
+    'SnowflakeDsn',
+]
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class UrlConstraints:
+    """Url constraints.
+
+    Attributes:
+        max_length: The maximum length of the url. Defaults to `None`.
+        allowed_schemes: The allowed schemes. Defaults to `None`.
+        host_required: Whether the host is required. Defaults to `None`.
+        default_host: The default host. Defaults to `None`.
+        default_port: The default port. Defaults to `None`.
+        default_path: The default path. Defaults to `None`.
+        preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve empty URL paths. Defaults to `None`.
+    """
+
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    allowed_schemes: list[str] | None = None
+    host_required: bool | None = None
+    default_host: str | None = None
+    default_port: int | None = None
+    default_path: str | None = None
+    preserve_empty_path: bool | None = None
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.max_length,
+                tuple(self.allowed_schemes) if self.allowed_schemes is not None else None,
+                self.host_required,
+                self.default_host,
+                self.default_port,
+                self.default_path,
+                self.preserve_empty_path,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def defined_constraints(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Fetch a key / value mapping of constraints to values that are not None. Used for core schema updates."""
+        return {field.name: value for field in fields(self) if (value := getattr(self, field.name)) is not None}
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+
+        # for function-wrap schemas, url constraints is applied to the inner schema
+        # because when we generate schemas for urls, we wrap a core_schema.url_schema() with a function-wrap schema
+        # that helps with validation on initialization, see _BaseUrl and _BaseMultiHostUrl below.
+        schema_to_mutate = schema['schema'] if schema['type'] == 'function-wrap' else schema
+        if (annotated_type := schema_to_mutate['type']) not in ('url', 'multi-host-url'):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f"'UrlConstraints' cannot annotate '{annotated_type}'.", code='invalid-annotated-type'
+            )
+        for constraint_key, constraint_value in self.defined_constraints.items():
+            schema_to_mutate[constraint_key] = constraint_value
+        return schema
+
+
+class _BaseUrl:
+    _constraints: ClassVar[UrlConstraints] = UrlConstraints()
+    _url: _CoreUrl
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str | _CoreUrl | _BaseUrl) -> None:
+        self._url = _build_type_adapter(self.__class__).validate_python(url)._url
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """The scheme part of the URL.
+
+        e.g. `https` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str | None:
+        """The username part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `user` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.username
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str | None:
+        """The password part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `pass` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.password
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None:
+        """The host part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        If the URL must be punycode encoded, this is the encoded host, e.g if the input URL is `https://£££.com`,
+        `host` will be `xn--9aaa.com`
+        """
+        return self._url.host
+
+    def unicode_host(self) -> str | None:
+        """The host part of the URL as a unicode string, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `host` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+
+        If the URL must be punycode encoded, this is the decoded host, e.g if the input URL is `https://£££.com`,
+        `unicode_host()` will be `£££.com`
+        """
+        return self._url.unicode_host()
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        """The port part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `port` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.port
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None:
+        """The path part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `/path` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None:
+        """The query part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `query` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query
+
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """The query part of the URL as a list of key-value pairs.
+
+        e.g. `[('foo', 'bar')]` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?foo=bar#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query_params()
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None:
+        """The fragment part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `fragment` in `https://user:pass@host:port/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.fragment
+
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a unicode string, unlike `__str__()` this will not punycode encode the host.
+
+        If the URL must be punycode encoded, this is the decoded string, e.g if the input URL is `https://£££.com`,
+        `unicode_string()` will be `https://£££.com`
+        """
+        return self._url.unicode_string()
+
+    def encoded_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL's encoded string representation via __str__().
+
+        This returns the punycode-encoded host version of the URL as a string.
+        """
+        return str(self)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a string, this will punycode encode the host if required."""
+        return str(self._url)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._url)!r})'
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> Self:
+        return self.__class__(self._url)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url == other._url
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url < other._url
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url > other._url
+
+    def __le__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url <= other._url
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url >= other._url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._url)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(str(self._url))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a new `Url` instance from its component parts.
+
+        Args:
+            scheme: The scheme part of the URL.
+            username: The username part of the URL, or omit for no username.
+            password: The password part of the URL, or omit for no password.
+            host: The host part of the URL.
+            port: The port part of the URL, or omit for no port.
+            path: The path part of the URL, or omit for no path.
+            query: The query part of the URL, or omit for no query.
+            fragment: The fragment part of the URL, or omit for no fragment.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of URL
+        """
+        return cls(
+            _CoreUrl.build(
+                scheme=scheme,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                host=host,
+                port=port,
+                path=path,
+                query=query,
+                fragment=fragment,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serialize_url(cls, url: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | Self:
+        if not isinstance(url, cls):
+            raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                f"Expected `{cls}` but got `{type(url)}` with value `'{url}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+            )
+        if info.mode == 'json':
+            return str(url)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[_BaseUrl], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        def wrap_val(v, h):
+            if isinstance(v, source):
+                return v
+            if isinstance(v, _BaseUrl):
+                v = str(v)
+            core_url = h(v)
+            instance = source.__new__(source)
+            instance._url = core_url
+            return instance
+
+        return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+            wrap_val,
+            schema=core_schema.url_schema(**cls._constraints.defined_constraints),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                cls.serialize_url, info_arg=True, when_used='always'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        # we use the url schema for json schema generation, but we might have to extract it from
+        # the function-wrap schema we use as a tool for validation on initialization
+        inner_schema = core_schema['schema'] if core_schema['type'] == 'function-wrap' else core_schema
+        return handler(inner_schema)
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(core_schema.any_schema(serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()))
+
+
+class _BaseMultiHostUrl:
+    _constraints: ClassVar[UrlConstraints] = UrlConstraints()
+    _url: _CoreMultiHostUrl
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str | _CoreMultiHostUrl | _BaseMultiHostUrl) -> None:
+        self._url = _build_type_adapter(self.__class__).validate_python(url)._url
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        """The scheme part of the URL.
+
+        e.g. `https` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None:
+        """The path part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `/path` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None:
+        """The query part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `query` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query
+
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """The query part of the URL as a list of key-value pairs.
+
+        e.g. `[('foo', 'bar')]` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?foo=bar#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.query_params()
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None:
+        """The fragment part of the URL, or `None`.
+
+        e.g. `fragment` in `https://foo.com,bar.com/path?query#fragment`
+        """
+        return self._url.fragment
+
+    def hosts(self) -> list[MultiHostHost]:
+        '''The hosts of the `MultiHostUrl` as [`MultiHostHost`][pydantic_core.MultiHostHost] typed dicts.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic_core import MultiHostUrl
+
+        mhu = MultiHostUrl('https://foo.com:123,foo:bar@bar.com/path')
+        print(mhu.hosts())
+        """
+        [
+            {'username': None, 'password': None, 'host': 'foo.com', 'port': 123},
+            {'username': 'foo', 'password': 'bar', 'host': 'bar.com', 'port': 443}
+        ]
+        ```
+        Returns:
+            A list of dicts, each representing a host.
+        '''
+        return self._url.hosts()
+
+    def encoded_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL's encoded string representation via __str__().
+
+        This returns the punycode-encoded host version of the URL as a string.
+        """
+        return str(self)
+
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a unicode string, unlike `__str__()` this will not punycode encode the hosts."""
+        return self._url.unicode_string()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """The URL as a string, this will punycode encode the host if required."""
+        return str(self._url)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self._url)!r})'
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> Self:
+        return self.__class__(self._url)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return self.__class__ is other.__class__ and self._url == other._url
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._url)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(str(self._url))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        hosts: list[MultiHostHost] | None = None,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """Build a new `MultiHostUrl` instance from its component parts.
+
+        This method takes either `hosts` - a list of `MultiHostHost` typed dicts, or the individual components
+        `username`, `password`, `host` and `port`.
+
+        Args:
+            scheme: The scheme part of the URL.
+            hosts: Multiple hosts to build the URL from.
+            username: The username part of the URL.
+            password: The password part of the URL.
+            host: The host part of the URL.
+            port: The port part of the URL.
+            path: The path part of the URL.
+            query: The query part of the URL, or omit for no query.
+            fragment: The fragment part of the URL, or omit for no fragment.
+
+        Returns:
+            An instance of `MultiHostUrl`
+        """
+        return cls(
+            _CoreMultiHostUrl.build(
+                scheme=scheme,
+                hosts=hosts,
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                host=host,
+                port=port,
+                path=path,
+                query=query,
+                fragment=fragment,
+            )
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def serialize_url(cls, url: Any, info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | Self:
+        if not isinstance(url, cls):
+            raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(
+                f"Expected `{cls}` but got `{type(url)}` with value `'{url}'` - serialized value may not be as expected."
+            )
+        if info.mode == 'json':
+            return str(url)
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls, source: type[_BaseMultiHostUrl], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        def wrap_val(v, h):
+            if isinstance(v, source):
+                return v
+            if isinstance(v, _BaseMultiHostUrl):
+                v = str(v)
+            core_url = h(v)
+            instance = source.__new__(source)
+            instance._url = core_url
+            return instance
+
+        return core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+            wrap_val,
+            schema=core_schema.multi_host_url_schema(**cls._constraints.defined_constraints),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                cls.serialize_url, info_arg=True, when_used='always'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        # we use the url schema for json schema generation, but we might have to extract it from
+        # the function-wrap schema we use as a tool for validation on initialization
+        inner_schema = core_schema['schema'] if core_schema['type'] == 'function-wrap' else core_schema
+        return handler(inner_schema)
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(core_schema.any_schema(serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()))
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def _build_type_adapter(cls: type[_BaseUrl | _BaseMultiHostUrl]) -> TypeAdapter:
+    return TypeAdapter(cls)
+
+
+class AnyUrl(_BaseUrl):
+    """Base type for all URLs.
+
+    * Any scheme allowed
+    * Top-level domain (TLD) not required
+    * Host not required
+
+    Assuming an input URL of `http://samuel:pass@example.com:8000/the/path/?query=here#fragment=is;this=bit`,
+    the types export the following properties:
+
+    - `scheme`: the URL scheme (`http`), always set.
+    - `host`: the URL host (`example.com`).
+    - `username`: optional username if included (`samuel`).
+    - `password`: optional password if included (`pass`).
+    - `port`: optional port (`8000`).
+    - `path`: optional path (`/the/path/`).
+    - `query`: optional URL query (for example, `GET` arguments or "search string", such as `query=here`).
+    - `fragment`: optional fragment (`fragment=is;this=bit`).
+    """
+
+
+# Note: all single host urls inherit from `AnyUrl` to preserve compatibility with pre-v2.10 code
+# Where urls were annotated variants of `AnyUrl`, which was an alias to `pydantic_core.Url`
+
+
+class AnyHttpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any http or https URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['http', 'https'])
+
+
+class HttpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any http or https URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    * Max length 2083
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl, ValidationError
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        url: HttpUrl
+
+    m = MyModel(url='http://www.example.com')  # (1)!
+    print(m.url)
+    #> http://www.example.com/
+
+    try:
+        MyModel(url='ftp://invalid.url')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for MyModel
+        url
+          URL scheme should be 'http' or 'https' [type=url_scheme, input_value='ftp://invalid.url', input_type=str]
+        '''
+
+    try:
+        MyModel(url='not a url')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for MyModel
+        url
+          Input should be a valid URL, relative URL without a base [type=url_parsing, input_value='not a url', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    1. Note: mypy would prefer `m = MyModel(url=HttpUrl('http://www.example.com'))`, but Pydantic will convert the string to an HttpUrl instance anyway.
+
+    "International domains" (e.g. a URL where the host or TLD includes non-ascii characters) will be encoded via
+    [punycode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punycode) (see
+    [this article](https://www.xudongz.com/blog/2017/idn-phishing/) for a good description of why this is important):
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        url: HttpUrl
+
+    m1 = MyModel(url='http://puny£code.com')
+    print(m1.url)
+    #> http://xn--punycode-eja.com/
+    m2 = MyModel(url='https://www.аррӏе.com/')
+    print(m2.url)
+    #> https://www.xn--80ak6aa92e.com/
+    m3 = MyModel(url='https://www.example.珠宝/')
+    print(m3.url)
+    #> https://www.example.xn--pbt977c/
+    ```
+
+
+    !!! warning "Underscores in Hostnames"
+        In Pydantic, underscores are allowed in all parts of a domain except the TLD.
+        Technically this might be wrong - in theory the hostname cannot have underscores, but subdomains can.
+
+        To explain this; consider the following two cases:
+
+        - `exam_ple.co.uk`: the hostname is `exam_ple`, which should not be allowed since it contains an underscore.
+        - `foo_bar.example.com` the hostname is `example`, which should be allowed since the underscore is in the subdomain.
+
+        Without having an exhaustive list of TLDs, it would be impossible to differentiate between these two. Therefore
+        underscores are allowed, but you can always do further validation in a validator if desired.
+
+        Also, Chrome, Firefox, and Safari all currently accept `http://exam_ple.com` as a URL, so we're in good
+        (or at least big) company.
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(max_length=2083, allowed_schemes=['http', 'https'])
+
+
+class AnyWebsocketUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any ws or wss URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['ws', 'wss'])
+
+
+class WebsocketUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any ws or wss URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    * Max length 2083
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(max_length=2083, allowed_schemes=['ws', 'wss'])
+
+
+class FileUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any file URL.
+
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['file'])
+
+
+class FtpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept ftp URL.
+
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['ftp'])
+
+
+class PostgresDsn(_BaseMultiHostUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Postgres DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required
+    * Supports multiple hosts
+
+    If further validation is required, these properties can be used by validators to enforce specific behaviour:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import (
+        BaseModel,
+        HttpUrl,
+        PostgresDsn,
+        ValidationError,
+        field_validator,
+    )
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        url: HttpUrl
+
+    m = MyModel(url='http://www.example.com')
+
+    # the repr() method for a url will display all properties of the url
+    print(repr(m.url))
+    #> HttpUrl('http://www.example.com/')
+    print(m.url.scheme)
+    #> http
+    print(m.url.host)
+    #> www.example.com
+    print(m.url.port)
+    #> 80
+
+    class MyDatabaseModel(BaseModel):
+        db: PostgresDsn
+
+        @field_validator('db')
+        def check_db_name(cls, v):
+            assert v.path and len(v.path) > 1, 'database must be provided'
+            return v
+
+    m = MyDatabaseModel(db='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/foobar')
+    print(m.db)
+    #> postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/foobar
+
+    try:
+        MyDatabaseModel(db='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for MyDatabaseModel
+        db
+          Assertion failed, database must be provided
+        assert (None)
+         +  where None = PostgresDsn('postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432').path [type=assertion_error, input_value='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        host_required=True,
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'postgres',
+            'postgresql',
+            'postgresql+asyncpg',
+            'postgresql+pg8000',
+            'postgresql+psycopg',
+            'postgresql+psycopg2',
+            'postgresql+psycopg2cffi',
+            'postgresql+py-postgresql',
+            'postgresql+pygresql',
+        ],
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
+
+class CockroachDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Cockroach DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        host_required=True,
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'cockroachdb',
+            'cockroachdb+psycopg2',
+            'cockroachdb+asyncpg',
+        ],
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+class AmqpDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any AMQP DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['amqp', 'amqps'])
+
+
+class RedisDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Redis DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required (e.g., `rediss://:pass@localhost`)
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['redis', 'rediss'],
+        default_host='localhost',
+        default_port=6379,
+        default_path='/0',
+        host_required=True,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+class MongoDsn(_BaseMultiHostUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any MongoDB DSN.
+
+    * User info not required
+    * Database name not required
+    * Port not required
+    * User info may be passed without user part (e.g., `mongodb://mongodb0.example.com:27017`).
+
+    !!! warning
+        If a port isn't specified, the default MongoDB port `27017` will be used. If this behavior is
+        undesirable, you can use the following:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic_core import MultiHostUrl
+
+        from pydantic import UrlConstraints
+
+        MongoDsnNoDefaultPort = Annotated[
+            MultiHostUrl,
+            UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['mongodb', 'mongodb+srv']),
+        ]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['mongodb', 'mongodb+srv'], default_port=27017)
+
+
+class KafkaDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Kafka DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['kafka'], default_host='localhost', default_port=9092)
+
+
+class NatsDsn(_BaseMultiHostUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any NATS DSN.
+
+    NATS is a connective technology built for the ever increasingly hyper-connected world.
+    It is a single technology that enables applications to securely communicate across
+    any combination of cloud vendors, on-premise, edge, web and mobile, and devices.
+    More: https://nats.io
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['nats', 'tls', 'ws', 'wss'], default_host='localhost', default_port=4222
+    )
+
+
+class MySQLDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any MySQL DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'mysql',
+            'mysql+mysqlconnector',
+            'mysql+aiomysql',
+            'mysql+asyncmy',
+            'mysql+mysqldb',
+            'mysql+pymysql',
+            'mysql+cymysql',
+            'mysql+pyodbc',
+        ],
+        default_port=3306,
+        host_required=True,
+    )
+
+
+class MariaDBDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any MariaDB DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['mariadb', 'mariadb+mariadbconnector', 'mariadb+pymysql'],
+        default_port=3306,
+    )
+
+
+class ClickHouseDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any ClickHouse DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host not required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=[
+            'clickhouse+native',
+            'clickhouse+asynch',
+            'clickhouse+http',
+            'clickhouse',
+            'clickhouses',
+            'clickhousedb',
+        ],
+        default_host='localhost',
+        default_port=9000,
+    )
+
+
+class SnowflakeDsn(AnyUrl):
+    """A type that will accept any Snowflake DSN.
+
+    * User info required
+    * TLD not required
+    * Host required
+    """
+
+    _constraints = UrlConstraints(
+        allowed_schemes=['snowflake'],
+        host_required=True,
+    )
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str:
+        """The required URL host."""
+        return self._url.host  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+def import_email_validator() -> None:
+    global email_validator
+    try:
+        import email_validator
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError("email-validator is not installed, run `pip install 'pydantic[email]'`") from e
+    if not version('email-validator').partition('.')[0] == '2':
+        raise ImportError('email-validator version >= 2.0 required, run pip install -U email-validator')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    EmailStr = Annotated[str, ...]
+else:
+
+    class EmailStr:
+        """
+        Info:
+            To use this type, you need to install the optional
+            [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) package:
+
+            ```bash
+            pip install email-validator
+            ```
+
+        Validate email addresses.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
+
+        class Model(BaseModel):
+            email: EmailStr
+
+        print(Model(email='contact@mail.com'))
+        #> email='contact@mail.com'
+        ```
+        """  # noqa: D212
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            import_email_validator()
+            return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(cls._validate, core_schema.str_schema())
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='email')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: str, /) -> str:
+            return validate_email(input_value)[1]
+
+
+class NameEmail(_repr.Representation):
+    """
+    Info:
+        To use this type, you need to install the optional
+        [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) package:
+
+        ```bash
+        pip install email-validator
+        ```
+
+    Validate a name and email address combination, as specified by
+    [RFC 5322](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5322#section-3.4).
+
+    The `NameEmail` has two properties: `name` and `email`.
+    In case the `name` is not provided, it's inferred from the email address.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, NameEmail
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        email: NameEmail
+
+    user = User(email='Fred Bloggs <fred.bloggs@example.com>')
+    print(user.email)
+    #> Fred Bloggs <fred.bloggs@example.com>
+    print(user.email.name)
+    #> Fred Bloggs
+
+    user = User(email='fred.bloggs@example.com')
+    print(user.email)
+    #> fred.bloggs <fred.bloggs@example.com>
+    print(user.email.name)
+    #> fred.bloggs
+    ```
+    """  # noqa: D212
+
+    __slots__ = 'name', 'email'
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, email: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.email = email
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, NameEmail) and (self.name, self.email) == (other.name, other.email)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='name-email')
+        return field_schema
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+        cls,
+        _source: type[Any],
+        _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+    ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        import_email_validator()
+
+        return core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+            cls._validate,
+            core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                json_schema=core_schema.str_schema(),
+                python_schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                    [core_schema.is_instance_schema(cls), core_schema.str_schema()],
+                    custom_error_type='name_email_type',
+                    custom_error_message='Input is not a valid NameEmail',
+                ),
+                serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema(),
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, input_value: Self | str, /) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(input_value, str):
+            name, email = validate_email(input_value)
+            return cls(name, email)
+        else:
+            return input_value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if '@' in self.name:
+            return f'"{self.name}" <{self.email}>'
+
+        return f'{self.name} <{self.email}>'
+
+
+IPvAnyAddressType: TypeAlias = 'IPv4Address | IPv6Address'
+IPvAnyInterfaceType: TypeAlias = 'IPv4Interface | IPv6Interface'
+IPvAnyNetworkType: TypeAlias = 'IPv4Network | IPv6Network'
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    IPvAnyAddress = IPvAnyAddressType
+    IPvAnyInterface = IPvAnyInterfaceType
+    IPvAnyNetwork = IPvAnyNetworkType
+else:
+
+    class IPvAnyAddress:
+        """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        from pydantic.networks import IPvAnyAddress
+
+        class IpModel(BaseModel):
+            ip: IPvAnyAddress
+
+        print(IpModel(ip='127.0.0.1'))
+        #> ip=IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')
+
+        try:
+            IpModel(ip='http://www.example.com')
+        except ValueError as e:
+            print(e.errors())
+            '''
+            [
+                {
+                    'type': 'ip_any_address',
+                    'loc': ('ip',),
+                    'msg': 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address',
+                    'input': 'http://www.example.com',
+                }
+            ]
+            '''
+        ```
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, value: Any) -> IPvAnyAddressType:
+            """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 address."""
+            try:
+                return IPv4Address(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                return IPv6Address(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('ip_any_address', 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = {}
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyaddress')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+            )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: Any, /) -> IPvAnyAddressType:
+            return cls(input_value)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    class IPvAnyInterface:
+        """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 interface."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, value: NetworkType) -> IPvAnyInterfaceType:
+            """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 interface."""
+            try:
+                return IPv4Interface(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                return IPv6Interface(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('ip_any_interface', 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 interface')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = {}
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyinterface')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+            )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: NetworkType, /) -> IPvAnyInterfaceType:
+            return cls(input_value)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    class IPvAnyNetwork:
+        """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 network."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls, value: NetworkType) -> IPvAnyNetworkType:
+            """Validate an IPv4 or IPv6 network."""
+            # Assume IP Network is defined with a default value for `strict` argument.
+            # Define your own class if you want to specify network address check strictness.
+            try:
+                return IPv4Network(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                return IPv6Network(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('ip_any_network', 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 network')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+            cls, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: _schema_generation_shared.GetJsonSchemaHandler
+        ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            field_schema = {}
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanynetwork')
+            return field_schema
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls,
+            _source: type[Any],
+            _handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler,
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                cls._validate, serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
+            )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def _validate(cls, input_value: NetworkType, /) -> IPvAnyNetworkType:
+            return cls(input_value)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def _build_pretty_email_regex() -> re.Pattern[str]:
+    name_chars = r'[\w!#$%&\'*+\-/=?^_`{|}~]'
+    unquoted_name_group = rf'((?:{name_chars}+\s+)*{name_chars}+)'
+    quoted_name_group = r'"((?:[^"]|\")+)"'
+    email_group = r'<(.+)>'
+    return re.compile(rf'\s*(?:{unquoted_name_group}|{quoted_name_group})?\s*{email_group}\s*')
+
+
+pretty_email_regex = _build_pretty_email_regex()
+
+MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH = 2048
+"""Maximum length for an email.
+A somewhat arbitrary but very generous number compared to what is allowed by most implementations.
+"""
+
+
+def validate_email(value: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Email address validation using [email-validator](https://pypi.org/project/email-validator/).
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple containing the local part of the email (or the name for "pretty" email addresses)
+            and the normalized email.
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticCustomError: If the email is invalid.
+
+    Note:
+        Note that:
+
+        * Raw IP address (literal) domain parts are not allowed.
+        * `"John Doe <local_part@domain.com>"` style "pretty" email addresses are processed.
+        * Spaces are striped from the beginning and end of addresses, but no error is raised.
+    """
+    if email_validator is None:
+        import_email_validator()
+
+    if len(value) > MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH:
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'value_error',
+            'value is not a valid email address: {reason}',
+            {'reason': f'Length must not exceed {MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH} characters'},
+        )
+
+    m = pretty_email_regex.fullmatch(value)
+    name: str | None = None
+    if m:
+        unquoted_name, quoted_name, value = m.groups()
+        name = unquoted_name or quoted_name
+
+    email = value.strip()
+
+    try:
+        parts = email_validator.validate_email(email, check_deliverability=False)
+    except email_validator.EmailNotValidError as e:
+        raise PydanticCustomError(
+            'value_error', 'value is not a valid email address: {reason}', {'reason': str(e.args[0])}
+        ) from e
+
+    email = parts.normalized
+    assert email is not None
+    name = name or parts.local_part
+    return name, email
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/parse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b7f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `parse` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..840d20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+"""!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+    [Build a Plugin](../concepts/plugins.md#build-a-plugin)
+
+Plugin interface for Pydantic plugins, and related types.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, NamedTuple
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, ValidationError
+from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAlias
+
+from pydantic.config import ExtraValues
+
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticPluginProtocol',
+    'BaseValidateHandlerProtocol',
+    'ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol',
+    'ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol',
+    'ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol',
+    'NewSchemaReturns',
+    'SchemaTypePath',
+    'SchemaKind',
+)
+
+NewSchemaReturns: TypeAlias = 'tuple[ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol | None]'
+
+
+class SchemaTypePath(NamedTuple):
+    """Path defining where `schema_type` was defined, or where `TypeAdapter` was called."""
+
+    module: str
+    name: str
+
+
+SchemaKind: TypeAlias = Literal['BaseModel', 'TypeAdapter', 'dataclass', 'create_model', 'validate_call']
+
+
+class PydanticPluginProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Protocol defining the interface for Pydantic plugins."""
+
+    def new_schema_validator(
+        self,
+        schema: CoreSchema,
+        schema_type: Any,
+        schema_type_path: SchemaTypePath,
+        schema_kind: SchemaKind,
+        config: CoreConfig | None,
+        plugin_settings: dict[str, object],
+    ) -> tuple[
+        ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol | None, ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol | None
+    ]:
+        """This method is called for each plugin every time a new [`SchemaValidator`][pydantic_core.SchemaValidator]
+        is created.
+
+        It should return an event handler for each of the three validation methods, or `None` if the plugin does not
+        implement that method.
+
+        Args:
+            schema: The schema to validate against.
+            schema_type: The original type which the schema was created from, e.g. the model class.
+            schema_type_path: Path defining where `schema_type` was defined, or where `TypeAdapter` was called.
+            schema_kind: The kind of schema to validate against.
+            config: The config to use for validation.
+            plugin_settings: Any plugin settings.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple of optional event handlers for each of the three validation methods -
+                `validate_python`, `validate_json`, `validate_strings`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('Pydantic plugins should implement `new_schema_validator`.')
+
+
+class BaseValidateHandlerProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Base class for plugin callbacks protocols.
+
+    You shouldn't implement this protocol directly, instead use one of the subclasses with adds the correctly
+    typed `on_error` method.
+    """
+
+    on_enter: Callable[..., None]
+    """`on_enter` is changed to be more specific on all subclasses"""
+
+    def on_success(self, result: Any) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of successful validation.
+
+        Args:
+            result: The result of the validation.
+        """
+        return
+
+    def on_error(self, error: ValidationError) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation errors.
+
+        Args:
+            error: The validation error.
+        """
+        return
+
+    def on_exception(self, exception: Exception) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation exceptions.
+
+        Args:
+            exception: The exception raised during validation.
+        """
+        return
+
+
+class ValidatePythonHandlerProtocol(BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, Protocol):
+    """Event handler for `SchemaValidator.validate_python`."""
+
+    def on_enter(
+        self,
+        input: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation start, and create an instance of the event handler.
+
+        Args:
+            input: The input to be validated.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+            from_attributes: Whether to validate objects as inputs by extracting attributes.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators.
+            self_instance: An instance of a model to set attributes on from validation, this is used when running
+                validation from the `__init__` method of a model.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias to match the input data to an attribute.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name to match the input data to an attribute.
+        """
+
+
+class ValidateJsonHandlerProtocol(BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, Protocol):
+    """Event handler for `SchemaValidator.validate_json`."""
+
+    def on_enter(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation start, and create an instance of the event handler.
+
+        Args:
+            input: The JSON data to be validated.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators.
+            self_instance: An instance of a model to set attributes on from validation, this is used when running
+                validation from the `__init__` method of a model.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias to match the input data to an attribute.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name to match the input data to an attribute.
+        """
+
+
+StringInput: TypeAlias = 'dict[str, StringInput]'
+
+
+class ValidateStringsHandlerProtocol(BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, Protocol):
+    """Event handler for `SchemaValidator.validate_strings`."""
+
+    def on_enter(
+        self,
+        input: StringInput,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Callback to be notified of validation start, and create an instance of the event handler.
+
+        Args:
+            input: The string data to be validated.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias to match the input data to an attribute.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name to match the input data to an attribute.
+        """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__pycache__/_schema_validator.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/__pycache__/_schema_validator.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_loader.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_loader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8226fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_loader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.metadata as importlib_metadata
+import os
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Final
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import PydanticPluginProtocol
+
+
+PYDANTIC_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP: Final[str] = 'pydantic'
+
+# cache of plugins
+_plugins: dict[str, PydanticPluginProtocol] | None = None
+# return no plugins while loading plugins to avoid recursion and errors while importing plugins
+# this means that if plugins use pydantic
+_loading_plugins: bool = False
+
+
+def get_plugins() -> Iterable[PydanticPluginProtocol]:
+    """Load plugins for Pydantic.
+
+    Inspired by: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pluggy/blob/1.3.0/src/pluggy/_manager.py#L376-L402
+    """
+    disabled_plugins = os.getenv('PYDANTIC_DISABLE_PLUGINS')
+    global _plugins, _loading_plugins
+    if _loading_plugins:
+        # this happens when plugins themselves use pydantic, we return no plugins
+        return ()
+    elif disabled_plugins in ('__all__', '1', 'true'):
+        return ()
+    elif _plugins is None:
+        _plugins = {}
+        # set _loading_plugins so any plugins that use pydantic don't themselves use plugins
+        _loading_plugins = True
+        try:
+            for dist in importlib_metadata.distributions():
+                for entry_point in dist.entry_points:
+                    if entry_point.group != PYDANTIC_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP:
+                        continue
+                    if entry_point.value in _plugins:
+                        continue
+                    if disabled_plugins is not None and entry_point.name in disabled_plugins.split(','):
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        _plugins[entry_point.value] = entry_point.load()
+                    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
+                        warnings.warn(
+                            f'{e.__class__.__name__} while loading the `{entry_point.name}` Pydantic plugin, '
+                            f'this plugin will not be installed.\n\n{e!r}',
+                            stacklevel=2,
+                        )
+        finally:
+            _loading_plugins = False
+
+    return _plugins.values()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_schema_validator.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_schema_validator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..492cc39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/plugin/_schema_validator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+"""Pluggable schema validator for pydantic."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, SchemaValidator, ValidationError
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, PydanticPluginProtocol, SchemaKind, SchemaTypePath
+
+
+P = ParamSpec('P')
+R = TypeVar('R')
+Event = Literal['on_validate_python', 'on_validate_json', 'on_validate_strings']
+events: list[Event] = list(Event.__args__)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def create_schema_validator(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    schema_type: Any,
+    schema_type_module: str,
+    schema_type_name: str,
+    schema_kind: SchemaKind,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+    plugin_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    _use_prebuilt: bool = True,
+) -> SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator:
+    """Create a `SchemaValidator` or `PluggableSchemaValidator` if plugins are installed.
+
+    Returns:
+        If plugins are installed then return `PluggableSchemaValidator`, otherwise return `SchemaValidator`.
+    """
+    from . import SchemaTypePath
+    from ._loader import get_plugins
+
+    plugins = get_plugins()
+    if plugins:
+        return PluggableSchemaValidator(
+            schema,
+            schema_type,
+            SchemaTypePath(schema_type_module, schema_type_name),
+            schema_kind,
+            config,
+            plugins,
+            plugin_settings or {},
+            _use_prebuilt=_use_prebuilt,
+        )
+    else:
+        return SchemaValidator(schema, config, _use_prebuilt=_use_prebuilt)
+
+
+class PluggableSchemaValidator:
+    """Pluggable schema validator."""
+
+    __slots__ = '_schema_validator', 'validate_json', 'validate_python', 'validate_strings'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        schema: CoreSchema,
+        schema_type: Any,
+        schema_type_path: SchemaTypePath,
+        schema_kind: SchemaKind,
+        config: CoreConfig | None,
+        plugins: Iterable[PydanticPluginProtocol],
+        plugin_settings: dict[str, Any],
+        _use_prebuilt: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._schema_validator = SchemaValidator(schema, config, _use_prebuilt=_use_prebuilt)
+
+        python_event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol] = []
+        json_event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol] = []
+        strings_event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol] = []
+        for plugin in plugins:
+            try:
+                p, j, s = plugin.new_schema_validator(
+                    schema, schema_type, schema_type_path, schema_kind, config, plugin_settings
+                )
+            except TypeError as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise TypeError(f'Error using plugin `{plugin.__module__}:{plugin.__class__.__name__}`: {e}') from e
+            if p is not None:
+                python_event_handlers.append(p)
+            if j is not None:
+                json_event_handlers.append(j)
+            if s is not None:
+                strings_event_handlers.append(s)
+
+        self.validate_python = build_wrapper(self._schema_validator.validate_python, python_event_handlers)
+        self.validate_json = build_wrapper(self._schema_validator.validate_json, json_event_handlers)
+        self.validate_strings = build_wrapper(self._schema_validator.validate_strings, strings_event_handlers)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self._schema_validator, name)
+
+
+def build_wrapper(func: Callable[P, R], event_handlers: list[BaseValidateHandlerProtocol]) -> Callable[P, R]:
+    if not event_handlers:
+        return func
+    else:
+        on_enters = tuple(h.on_enter for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_enter'))
+        on_successes = tuple(h.on_success for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_success'))
+        on_errors = tuple(h.on_error for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_error'))
+        on_exceptions = tuple(h.on_exception for h in event_handlers if filter_handlers(h, 'on_exception'))
+
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+            for on_enter_handler in on_enters:
+                on_enter_handler(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            try:
+                result = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            except ValidationError as error:
+                for on_error_handler in on_errors:
+                    on_error_handler(error)
+                raise
+            except Exception as exception:
+                for on_exception_handler in on_exceptions:
+                    on_exception_handler(exception)
+                raise
+            else:
+                for on_success_handler in on_successes:
+                    on_success_handler(result)
+                return result
+
+        return wrapper
+
+
+def filter_handlers(handler_cls: BaseValidateHandlerProtocol, method_name: str) -> bool:
+    """Filter out handler methods which are not implemented by the plugin directly - e.g. those that are missing
+    or are inherited from the protocol.
+    """
+    handler = getattr(handler_cls, method_name, None)
+    if handler is None:
+        return False
+    elif handler.__module__ == 'pydantic.plugin':
+        # this is the original handler, from the protocol due to runtime inheritance
+        # we don't want to call it
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/root_model.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/root_model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d290043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/root_model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""RootModel class and type definitions."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from copy import copy, deepcopy
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+from typing_extensions import Self, dataclass_transform
+
+from . import PydanticUserError
+from ._internal import _model_construction, _repr
+from .main import BaseModel, _object_setattr
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .fields import Field as PydanticModelField
+    from .fields import PrivateAttr as PydanticModelPrivateAttr
+
+    # dataclass_transform could be applied to RootModel directly, but `ModelMetaclass`'s dataclass_transform
+    # takes priority (at least with pyright). We trick type checkers into thinking we apply dataclass_transform
+    # on a new metaclass.
+    @dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=False, field_specifiers=(PydanticModelField, PydanticModelPrivateAttr))
+    class _RootModelMetaclass(_model_construction.ModelMetaclass): ...
+else:
+    _RootModelMetaclass = _model_construction.ModelMetaclass
+
+__all__ = ('RootModel',)
+
+RootModelRootType = TypeVar('RootModelRootType')
+
+
+class RootModel(BaseModel, Generic[RootModelRootType], metaclass=_RootModelMetaclass):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`RootModel` and Custom Root Types](../concepts/models.md#rootmodel-and-custom-root-types)
+
+    A Pydantic `BaseModel` for the root object of the model.
+
+    Attributes:
+        root: The root object of the model.
+        __pydantic_root_model__: Whether the model is a RootModel.
+        __pydantic_private__: Private fields in the model.
+        __pydantic_extra__: Extra fields in the model.
+
+    """
+
+    __pydantic_root_model__ = True
+    __pydantic_private__ = None
+    __pydantic_extra__ = None
+
+    root: RootModelRootType
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+        extra = cls.model_config.get('extra')
+        if extra is not None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                "`RootModel` does not support setting `model_config['extra']`", code='root-model-extra'
+            )
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, /, root: RootModelRootType = PydanticUndefined, **data) -> None:  # type: ignore
+        __tracebackhide__ = True
+        if data:
+            if root is not PydanticUndefined:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    '"RootModel.__init__" accepts either a single positional argument or arbitrary keyword arguments'
+                )
+            root = data  # type: ignore
+        self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(root, self_instance=self)
+
+    __init__.__pydantic_base_init__ = True  # pyright: ignore[reportFunctionMemberAccess]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def model_construct(cls, root: RootModelRootType, _fields_set: set[str] | None = None) -> Self:  # type: ignore
+        """Create a new model using the provided root object and update fields set.
+
+        Args:
+            root: The root object of the model.
+            _fields_set: The set of fields to be updated.
+
+        Returns:
+            The new model.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotImplemented: If the model is not a subclass of `RootModel`.
+        """
+        return super().model_construct(root=root, _fields_set=_fields_set)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> dict[Any, Any]:
+        return {
+            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__': self.__pydantic_fields_set__,
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
+        _object_setattr(self, '__pydantic_fields_set__', state['__pydantic_fields_set__'])
+        _object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state['__dict__'])
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
+        """Returns a shallow copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        new_dict = copy(self.__dict__)
+        new_dict['root'] = copy(self.__dict__['root'])
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', new_dict)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+        return m
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict[int, Any] | None = None) -> Self:
+        """Returns a deep copy of the model."""
+        cls = type(self)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        _object_setattr(m, '__dict__', deepcopy(self.__dict__, memo=memo))
+        # This next line doesn't need a deepcopy because __pydantic_fields_set__ is a set[str],
+        # and attempting a deepcopy would be marginally slower.
+        _object_setattr(m, '__pydantic_fields_set__', copy(self.__pydantic_fields_set__))
+        return m
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def model_dump(  # type: ignore
+            self,
+            *,
+            mode: Literal['json', 'python'] | str = 'python',
+            include: Any = None,
+            exclude: Any = None,
+            context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+            by_alias: bool | None = None,
+            exclude_unset: bool = False,
+            exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+            exclude_none: bool = False,
+            exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+            round_trip: bool = False,
+            warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+            serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        ) -> Any:
+            """This method is included just to get a more accurate return type for type checkers.
+            It is included in this `if TYPE_CHECKING:` block since no override is actually necessary.
+
+            See the documentation of `BaseModel.model_dump` for more details about the arguments.
+
+            Generally, this method will have a return type of `RootModelRootType`, assuming that `RootModelRootType` is
+            not a `BaseModel` subclass. If `RootModelRootType` is a `BaseModel` subclass, then the return
+            type will likely be `dict[str, Any]`, as `model_dump` calls are recursive. The return type could
+            even be something different, in the case of a custom serializer.
+            Thus, `Any` is used here to catch all of these cases.
+            """
+            ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, RootModel):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__pydantic_fields__['root'].annotation == other.__pydantic_fields__[
+            'root'
+        ].annotation and super().__eq__(other)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> _repr.ReprArgs:
+        yield 'root', self.root
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/schema.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3245a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `schema` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/tools.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc68c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `tools` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/type_adapter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/type_adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d962305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/type_adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+"""Type adapter specification."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from types import FrameType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+    final,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, SchemaSerializer, SchemaValidator, Some
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, is_typeddict
+
+from pydantic.errors import PydanticUserError
+from pydantic.main import BaseModel, IncEx
+
+from ._internal import _config, _generate_schema, _mock_val_ser, _namespace_utils, _repr, _typing_extra, _utils
+from .config import ConfigDict, ExtraValues
+from .errors import PydanticUndefinedAnnotation
+from .json_schema import (
+    DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+    GenerateJsonSchema,
+    JsonSchemaKeyT,
+    JsonSchemaMode,
+    JsonSchemaValue,
+)
+from .plugin._schema_validator import PluggableSchemaValidator, create_schema_validator
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+R = TypeVar('R')
+P = ParamSpec('P')
+TypeAdapterT = TypeVar('TypeAdapterT', bound='TypeAdapter')
+
+
+def _getattr_no_parents(obj: Any, attribute: str) -> Any:
+    """Returns the attribute value without attempting to look up attributes from parent types."""
+    if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
+        try:
+            return obj.__dict__[attribute]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    slots = getattr(obj, '__slots__', None)
+    if slots is not None and attribute in slots:
+        return getattr(obj, attribute)
+    else:
+        raise AttributeError(attribute)
+
+
+def _type_has_config(type_: Any) -> bool:
+    """Returns whether the type has config."""
+    type_ = _typing_extra.annotated_type(type_) or type_
+    try:
+        return issubclass(type_, BaseModel) or is_dataclass(type_) or is_typeddict(type_)
+    except TypeError:
+        # type is not a class
+        return False
+
+
+@final
+class TypeAdapter(Generic[T]):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [`TypeAdapter`](../concepts/type_adapter.md)
+
+    Type adapters provide a flexible way to perform validation and serialization based on a Python type.
+
+    A `TypeAdapter` instance exposes some of the functionality from `BaseModel` instance methods
+    for types that do not have such methods (such as dataclasses, primitive types, and more).
+
+    **Note:** `TypeAdapter` instances are not types, and cannot be used as type annotations for fields.
+
+    Args:
+        type: The type associated with the `TypeAdapter`.
+        config: Configuration for the `TypeAdapter`, should be a dictionary conforming to
+            [`ConfigDict`][pydantic.config.ConfigDict].
+
+            !!! note
+                You cannot provide a configuration when instantiating a `TypeAdapter` if the type you're using
+                has its own config that cannot be overridden (ex: `BaseModel`, `TypedDict`, and `dataclass`). A
+                [`type-adapter-config-unused`](../errors/usage_errors.md#type-adapter-config-unused) error will
+                be raised in this case.
+        _parent_depth: Depth at which to search for the [parent frame][frame-objects]. This frame is used when
+            resolving forward annotations during schema building, by looking for the globals and locals of this
+            frame. Defaults to 2, which will result in the frame where the `TypeAdapter` was instantiated.
+
+            !!! note
+                This parameter is named with an underscore to suggest its private nature and discourage use.
+                It may be deprecated in a minor version, so we only recommend using it if you're comfortable
+                with potential change in behavior/support. It's default value is 2 because internally,
+                the `TypeAdapter` class makes another call to fetch the frame.
+        module: The module that passes to plugin if provided.
+
+    Attributes:
+        core_schema: The core schema for the type.
+        validator: The schema validator for the type.
+        serializer: The schema serializer for the type.
+        pydantic_complete: Whether the core schema for the type is successfully built.
+
+    ??? tip "Compatibility with `mypy`"
+        Depending on the type used, `mypy` might raise an error when instantiating a `TypeAdapter`. As a workaround, you can explicitly
+        annotate your variable:
+
+        ```py
+        from typing import Union
+
+        from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+
+        ta: TypeAdapter[Union[str, int]] = TypeAdapter(Union[str, int])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        ```
+
+    ??? info "Namespace management nuances and implementation details"
+
+        Here, we collect some notes on namespace management, and subtle differences from `BaseModel`:
+
+        `BaseModel` uses its own `__module__` to find out where it was defined
+        and then looks for symbols to resolve forward references in those globals.
+        On the other hand, `TypeAdapter` can be initialized with arbitrary objects,
+        which may not be types and thus do not have a `__module__` available.
+        So instead we look at the globals in our parent stack frame.
+
+        It is expected that the `ns_resolver` passed to this function will have the correct
+        namespace for the type we're adapting. See the source code for `TypeAdapter.__init__`
+        and `TypeAdapter.rebuild` for various ways to construct this namespace.
+
+        This works for the case where this function is called in a module that
+        has the target of forward references in its scope, but
+        does not always work for more complex cases.
+
+        For example, take the following:
+
+        ```python {title="a.py"}
+        IntList = list[int]
+        OuterDict = dict[str, 'IntList']
+        ```
+
+        ```python {test="skip" title="b.py"}
+        from a import OuterDict
+
+        from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+
+        IntList = int  # replaces the symbol the forward reference is looking for
+        v = TypeAdapter(OuterDict)
+        v({'x': 1})  # should fail but doesn't
+        ```
+
+        If `OuterDict` were a `BaseModel`, this would work because it would resolve
+        the forward reference within the `a.py` namespace.
+        But `TypeAdapter(OuterDict)` can't determine what module `OuterDict` came from.
+
+        In other words, the assumption that _all_ forward references exist in the
+        module we are being called from is not technically always true.
+        Although most of the time it is and it works fine for recursive models and such,
+        `BaseModel`'s behavior isn't perfect either and _can_ break in similar ways,
+        so there is no right or wrong between the two.
+
+        But at the very least this behavior is _subtly_ different from `BaseModel`'s.
+    """
+
+    core_schema: CoreSchema
+    validator: SchemaValidator | PluggableSchemaValidator
+    serializer: SchemaSerializer
+    pydantic_complete: bool
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type: type[T],
+        *,
+        config: ConfigDict | None = ...,
+        _parent_depth: int = ...,
+        module: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    # This second overload is for unsupported special forms (such as Annotated, Union, etc.)
+    # Currently there is no way to type this correctly
+    # See https://github.com/python/typing/pull/1618
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type: Any,
+        *,
+        config: ConfigDict | None = ...,
+        _parent_depth: int = ...,
+        module: str | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type: Any,
+        *,
+        config: ConfigDict | None = None,
+        _parent_depth: int = 2,
+        module: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if _type_has_config(type) and config is not None:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'Cannot use `config` when the type is a BaseModel, dataclass or TypedDict.'
+                ' These types can have their own config and setting the config via the `config`'
+                ' parameter to TypeAdapter will not override it, thus the `config` you passed to'
+                ' TypeAdapter becomes meaningless, which is probably not what you want.',
+                code='type-adapter-config-unused',
+            )
+
+        self._type = type
+        self._config = config
+        self._parent_depth = _parent_depth
+        self.pydantic_complete = False
+
+        parent_frame = self._fetch_parent_frame()
+        if isinstance(type, types.FunctionType):
+            # Special case functions, which are *not* pushed to the `NsResolver` stack and without this special case
+            # would only have access to the parent namespace where the `TypeAdapter` was instantiated (if the function is defined
+            # in another module, we need to look at that module's globals).
+            if parent_frame is not None:
+                # `f_locals` is the namespace where the type adapter was instantiated (~ to `f_globals` if at the module level):
+                parent_ns = parent_frame.f_locals
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                parent_ns = None
+            globalns, localns = _namespace_utils.ns_for_function(
+                type,
+                parent_namespace=parent_ns,
+            )
+            parent_namespace = None
+        else:
+            if parent_frame is not None:
+                globalns = parent_frame.f_globals
+                # Do not provide a local ns if the type adapter happens to be instantiated at the module level:
+                localns = parent_frame.f_locals if parent_frame.f_locals is not globalns else {}
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                globalns = {}
+                localns = {}
+            parent_namespace = localns
+
+        self._module_name = module or cast(str, globalns.get('__name__', ''))
+        self._init_core_attrs(
+            ns_resolver=_namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+                namespaces_tuple=_namespace_utils.NamespacesTuple(locals=localns, globals=globalns),
+                parent_namespace=parent_namespace,
+            ),
+            force=False,
+        )
+
+    def _fetch_parent_frame(self) -> FrameType | None:
+        frame = sys._getframe(self._parent_depth)
+        if frame.f_globals.get('__name__') == 'typing':
+            # Because `TypeAdapter` is generic, explicitly parametrizing the class results
+            # in a `typing._GenericAlias` instance, which proxies instantiation calls to the
+            # "real" `TypeAdapter` class and thus adding an extra frame to the call. To avoid
+            # pulling anything from the `typing` module, use the correct frame (the one before):
+            return frame.f_back
+
+        return frame
+
+    def _init_core_attrs(
+        self, ns_resolver: _namespace_utils.NsResolver, force: bool, raise_errors: bool = False
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Initialize the core schema, validator, and serializer for the type.
+
+        Args:
+            ns_resolver: The namespace resolver to use when building the core schema for the adapted type.
+            force: Whether to force the construction of the core schema, validator, and serializer.
+                If `force` is set to `False` and `_defer_build` is `True`, the core schema, validator, and serializer will be set to mocks.
+            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors if initializing any of the core attrs fails.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if the core schema, validator, and serializer were successfully initialized, otherwise `False`.
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticUndefinedAnnotation: If `PydanticUndefinedAnnotation` occurs in`__get_pydantic_core_schema__`
+                and `raise_errors=True`.
+        """
+        if not force and self._defer_build:
+            _mock_val_ser.set_type_adapter_mocks(self)
+            self.pydantic_complete = False
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            self.core_schema = _getattr_no_parents(self._type, '__pydantic_core_schema__')
+            self.validator = _getattr_no_parents(self._type, '__pydantic_validator__')
+            self.serializer = _getattr_no_parents(self._type, '__pydantic_serializer__')
+
+            # TODO: we don't go through the rebuild logic here directly because we don't want
+            # to repeat all of the namespace fetching logic that we've already done
+            # so we simply skip to the block below that does the actual schema generation
+            if (
+                isinstance(self.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema)
+                or isinstance(self.validator, _mock_val_ser.MockValSer)
+                or isinstance(self.serializer, _mock_val_ser.MockValSer)
+            ):
+                raise AttributeError()
+        except AttributeError:
+            config_wrapper = _config.ConfigWrapper(self._config)
+
+            schema_generator = _generate_schema.GenerateSchema(config_wrapper, ns_resolver=ns_resolver)
+
+            try:
+                core_schema = schema_generator.generate_schema(self._type)
+            except PydanticUndefinedAnnotation:
+                if raise_errors:
+                    raise
+                _mock_val_ser.set_type_adapter_mocks(self)
+                return False
+
+            try:
+                self.core_schema = schema_generator.clean_schema(core_schema)
+            except _generate_schema.InvalidSchemaError:
+                _mock_val_ser.set_type_adapter_mocks(self)
+                return False
+
+            core_config = config_wrapper.core_config(None)
+
+            self.validator = create_schema_validator(
+                schema=self.core_schema,
+                schema_type=self._type,
+                schema_type_module=self._module_name,
+                schema_type_name=str(self._type),
+                schema_kind='TypeAdapter',
+                config=core_config,
+                plugin_settings=config_wrapper.plugin_settings,
+            )
+            self.serializer = SchemaSerializer(self.core_schema, core_config)
+
+        self.pydantic_complete = True
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def _defer_build(self) -> bool:
+        config = self._config if self._config is not None else self._model_config
+        if config:
+            return config.get('defer_build') is True
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def _model_config(self) -> ConfigDict | None:
+        type_: Any = _typing_extra.annotated_type(self._type) or self._type  # Eg FastAPI heavily uses Annotated
+        if _utils.lenient_issubclass(type_, BaseModel):
+            return type_.model_config
+        return getattr(type_, '__pydantic_config__', None)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'TypeAdapter({_repr.display_as_type(self._type)})'
+
+    def rebuild(
+        self,
+        *,
+        force: bool = False,
+        raise_errors: bool = True,
+        _parent_namespace_depth: int = 2,
+        _types_namespace: _namespace_utils.MappingNamespace | None = None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        """Try to rebuild the pydantic-core schema for the adapter's type.
+
+        This may be necessary when one of the annotations is a ForwardRef which could not be resolved during
+        the initial attempt to build the schema, and automatic rebuilding fails.
+
+        Args:
+            force: Whether to force the rebuilding of the type adapter's schema, defaults to `False`.
+            raise_errors: Whether to raise errors, defaults to `True`.
+            _parent_namespace_depth: Depth at which to search for the [parent frame][frame-objects]. This
+                frame is used when resolving forward annotations during schema rebuilding, by looking for
+                the locals of this frame. Defaults to 2, which will result in the frame where the method
+                was called.
+            _types_namespace: An explicit types namespace to use, instead of using the local namespace
+                from the parent frame. Defaults to `None`.
+
+        Returns:
+            Returns `None` if the schema is already "complete" and rebuilding was not required.
+            If rebuilding _was_ required, returns `True` if rebuilding was successful, otherwise `False`.
+        """
+        if not force and self.pydantic_complete:
+            return None
+
+        if _types_namespace is not None:
+            rebuild_ns = _types_namespace
+        elif _parent_namespace_depth > 0:
+            rebuild_ns = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace(parent_depth=_parent_namespace_depth, force=True) or {}
+        else:
+            rebuild_ns = {}
+
+        # we have to manually fetch globals here because there's no type on the stack of the NsResolver
+        # and so we skip the globalns = get_module_ns_of(typ) call that would normally happen
+        globalns = sys._getframe(max(_parent_namespace_depth - 1, 1)).f_globals
+        ns_resolver = _namespace_utils.NsResolver(
+            namespaces_tuple=_namespace_utils.NamespacesTuple(locals=rebuild_ns, globals=globalns),
+            parent_namespace=rebuild_ns,
+        )
+        return self._init_core_attrs(ns_resolver=ns_resolver, force=True, raise_errors=raise_errors)
+
+    def validate_python(
+        self,
+        object: Any,
+        /,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        experimental_allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> T:
+        """Validate a Python object against the model.
+
+        Args:
+            object: The Python object to validate against the model.
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            from_attributes: Whether to extract data from object attributes.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.
+            experimental_allow_partial: **Experimental** whether to enable
+                [partial validation](../concepts/experimental.md#partial-validation), e.g. to process streams.
+                * False / 'off': Default behavior, no partial validation.
+                * True / 'on': Enable partial validation.
+                * 'trailing-strings': Enable partial validation and allow trailing strings in the input.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        !!! note
+            When using `TypeAdapter` with a Pydantic `dataclass`, the use of the `from_attributes`
+            argument is not supported.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return self.validator.validate_python(
+            object,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            from_attributes=from_attributes,
+            context=context,
+            allow_partial=experimental_allow_partial,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    def validate_json(
+        self,
+        data: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        /,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        experimental_allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> T:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [JSON Parsing](../concepts/json.md#json-parsing)
+
+        Validate a JSON string or bytes against the model.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The JSON data to validate against the model.
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Additional context to use during validation.
+            experimental_allow_partial: **Experimental** whether to enable
+                [partial validation](../concepts/experimental.md#partial-validation), e.g. to process streams.
+                * False / 'off': Default behavior, no partial validation.
+                * True / 'on': Enable partial validation.
+                * 'trailing-strings': Enable partial validation and allow trailing strings in the input.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return self.validator.validate_json(
+            data,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            context=context,
+            allow_partial=experimental_allow_partial,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    def validate_strings(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        /,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraValues | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        experimental_allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> T:
+        """Validate object contains string data against the model.
+
+        Args:
+            obj: The object contains string data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                See the [`extra` configuration value][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] for details.
+            context: Additional context to use during validation.
+            experimental_allow_partial: **Experimental** whether to enable
+                [partial validation](../concepts/experimental.md#partial-validation), e.g. to process streams.
+                * False / 'off': Default behavior, no partial validation.
+                * True / 'on': Enable partial validation.
+                * 'trailing-strings': Enable partial validation and allow trailing strings in the input.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+        if by_alias is False and by_name is not True:
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                'At least one of `by_alias` or `by_name` must be set to True.',
+                code='validate-by-alias-and-name-false',
+            )
+
+        return self.validator.validate_strings(
+            obj,
+            strict=strict,
+            extra=extra,
+            context=context,
+            allow_partial=experimental_allow_partial,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            by_name=by_name,
+        )
+
+    def get_default_value(self, *, strict: bool | None = None, context: Any | None = None) -> Some[T] | None:
+        """Get the default value for the wrapped type.
+
+        Args:
+            strict: Whether to strictly check types.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the validator.
+
+        Returns:
+            The default value wrapped in a `Some` if there is one or None if not.
+        """
+        return self.validator.get_default_value(strict=strict, context=context)
+
+    def dump_python(
+        self,
+        instance: T,
+        /,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal['json', 'python'] = 'python',
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """Dump an instance of the adapted type to a Python object.
+
+        Args:
+            instance: The Python object to serialize.
+            mode: The output format.
+            include: Fields to include in the output.
+            exclude: Fields to exclude from the output.
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names for field names.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude unset fields.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields with default values.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields with None values.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: Whether to output the serialized data in a way that is compatible with deserialization.
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+
+        Returns:
+            The serialized object.
+        """
+        return self.serializer.to_python(
+            instance,
+            mode=mode,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+            context=context,
+        )
+
+    def dump_json(
+        self,
+        instance: T,
+        /,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+            [JSON Serialization](../concepts/json.md#json-serialization)
+
+        Serialize an instance of the adapted type to JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            instance: The instance to be serialized.
+            indent: Number of spaces for JSON indentation.
+            ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+                If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+            include: Fields to include.
+            exclude: Fields to exclude.
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names for field names.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude unset fields.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields with default values.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields with a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+                While this can be useful for round-tripping, it is usually recommended to use the dedicated
+                `round_trip` parameter instead.
+            round_trip: Whether to serialize and deserialize the instance to ensure round-tripping.
+            warnings: How to handle serialization errors. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered. If not provided,
+                a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: Additional context to pass to the serializer.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON representation of the given instance as bytes.
+        """
+        return self.serializer.to_json(
+            instance,
+            indent=indent,
+            ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            exclude_computed_fields=exclude_computed_fields,
+            round_trip=round_trip,
+            warnings=warnings,
+            fallback=fallback,
+            serialize_as_any=serialize_as_any,
+            polymorphic_serialization=polymorphic_serialization,
+            context=context,
+        )
+
+    def json_schema(
+        self,
+        *,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+        mode: JsonSchemaMode = 'validation',
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Generate a JSON schema for the adapted type.
+
+        Args:
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names for field names.
+            ref_template: The format string used for generating $ref strings.
+            union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+                - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+                keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+                - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+                keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+                type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+                `any_of`.
+            schema_generator: To override the logic used to generate the JSON schema, as a subclass of
+                `GenerateJsonSchema` with your desired modifications
+            mode: The mode in which to generate the schema.
+            schema_generator: The generator class used for creating the schema.
+            mode: The mode to use for schema generation.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON schema for the model as a dictionary.
+        """
+        schema_generator_instance = schema_generator(
+            by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format
+        )
+        if isinstance(self.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+            self.core_schema.rebuild()
+            assert not isinstance(self.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema), 'this is a bug! please report it'
+        return schema_generator_instance.generate(self.core_schema, mode=mode)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def json_schemas(
+        inputs: Iterable[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode, TypeAdapter[Any]]],
+        /,
+        *,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        title: str | None = None,
+        description: str | None = None,
+        ref_template: str = DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE,
+        union_format: Literal['any_of', 'primitive_type_array'] = 'any_of',
+        schema_generator: type[GenerateJsonSchema] = GenerateJsonSchema,
+    ) -> tuple[dict[tuple[JsonSchemaKeyT, JsonSchemaMode], JsonSchemaValue], JsonSchemaValue]:
+        """Generate a JSON schema including definitions from multiple type adapters.
+
+        Args:
+            inputs: Inputs to schema generation. The first two items will form the keys of the (first)
+                output mapping; the type adapters will provide the core schemas that get converted into
+                definitions in the output JSON schema.
+            by_alias: Whether to use alias names.
+            title: The title for the schema.
+            description: The description for the schema.
+            ref_template: The format string used for generating $ref strings.
+            union_format: The format to use when combining schemas from unions together. Can be one of:
+
+                - `'any_of'`: Use the [`anyOf`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/combining#anyOf)
+                keyword to combine schemas (the default).
+                - `'primitive_type_array'`: Use the [`type`](https://json-schema.org/understanding-json-schema/reference/type)
+                keyword as an array of strings, containing each type of the combination. If any of the schemas is not a primitive
+                type (`string`, `boolean`, `null`, `integer` or `number`) or contains constraints/metadata, falls back to
+                `any_of`.
+            schema_generator: The generator class used for creating the schema.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple where:
+
+                - The first element is a dictionary whose keys are tuples of JSON schema key type and JSON mode, and
+                    whose values are the JSON schema corresponding to that pair of inputs. (These schemas may have
+                    JsonRef references to definitions that are defined in the second returned element.)
+                - The second element is a JSON schema containing all definitions referenced in the first returned
+                    element, along with the optional title and description keys.
+
+        """
+        schema_generator_instance = schema_generator(
+            by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template, union_format=union_format
+        )
+
+        inputs_ = []
+        for key, mode, adapter in inputs:
+            # This is the same pattern we follow for model json schemas - we attempt a core schema rebuild if we detect a mock
+            if isinstance(adapter.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema):
+                adapter.core_schema.rebuild()
+                assert not isinstance(adapter.core_schema, _mock_val_ser.MockCoreSchema), (
+                    'this is a bug! please report it'
+                )
+            inputs_.append((key, mode, adapter.core_schema))
+
+        json_schemas_map, definitions = schema_generator_instance.generate_definitions(inputs_)
+
+        json_schema: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if definitions:
+            json_schema['$defs'] = definitions
+        if title:
+            json_schema['title'] = title
+        if description:
+            json_schema['description'] = description
+
+        return json_schemas_map, json_schema
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..467bc82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3310 @@
+"""The types module contains custom types used by pydantic."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import base64
+import dataclasses as _dataclasses
+import re
+from collections.abc import Hashable, Iterator
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from re import Pattern
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Annotated,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Generic,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+
+import annotated_types
+from annotated_types import BaseMetadata, MaxLen, MinLen
+from pydantic_core import CoreSchema, PydanticCustomError, SchemaSerializer, core_schema
+from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAlias, TypeAliasType, deprecated, get_args, get_origin
+
+from ._internal import _fields, _internal_dataclass, _utils, _validators
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+from .annotated_handlers import GetCoreSchemaHandler, GetJsonSchemaHandler
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+from .json_schema import JsonSchemaValue
+from .warnings import PydanticDeprecatedSince20
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ._internal._core_metadata import CoreMetadata
+
+__all__ = (
+    'Strict',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'SocketPath',
+    'conbytes',
+    'conlist',
+    'conset',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'constr',
+    'ImportString',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'condecimal',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'UUID6',
+    'UUID7',
+    'UUID8',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'NewPath',
+    'Json',
+    'Secret',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    'PastDatetime',
+    'FutureDatetime',
+    'condate',
+    'AwareDatetime',
+    'NaiveDatetime',
+    'AllowInfNan',
+    'EncoderProtocol',
+    'EncodedBytes',
+    'EncodedStr',
+    'Base64Encoder',
+    'Base64Bytes',
+    'Base64Str',
+    'Base64UrlBytes',
+    'Base64UrlStr',
+    'GetPydanticSchema',
+    'StringConstraints',
+    'Tag',
+    'Discriminator',
+    'JsonValue',
+    'OnErrorOmit',
+    'FailFast',
+)
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class Strict(_fields.PydanticMetadata, BaseMetadata):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Strict Mode with `Annotated` `Strict`](../concepts/strict_mode.md#strict-mode-with-annotated-strict)
+
+    A field metadata class to indicate that a field should be validated in strict mode.
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        strict: Whether to validate the field in strict mode.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic.types import Strict
+
+        StrictBool = Annotated[bool, Strict()]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    strict: bool = True
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.strict)
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BOOLEAN TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+StrictBool = Annotated[bool, Strict()]
+"""A boolean that must be either ``True`` or ``False``."""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ INTEGER TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def conint(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: int | None = None,
+    ge: int | None = None,
+    lt: int | None = None,
+    le: int | None = None,
+    multiple_of: int | None = None,
+) -> type[int]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`Field`][pydantic.fields.Field] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `conint` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, conint
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: conint(strict=True, gt=0)
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[int, Field(strict=True, gt=0)]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around `int` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the integer in strict mode. Defaults to `None`.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this.
+        lt: The value must be less than this.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this.
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped integer type.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, conint
+
+    class ConstrainedExample(BaseModel):
+        constrained_int: conint(gt=1)
+
+    m = ConstrainedExample(constrained_int=2)
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> ConstrainedExample(constrained_int=2)
+
+    try:
+        ConstrainedExample(constrained_int=0)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e.errors())
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('constrained_int',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 1',
+                'input': 0,
+                'ctx': {'gt': 1},
+                'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        int,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+        annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of) if multiple_of is not None else None,
+    ]
+
+
+PositiveInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Gt(0)]
+"""An integer that must be greater than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, PositiveInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    positive_int: PositiveInt
+
+m = Model(positive_int=1)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(positive_int=1)
+
+try:
+    Model(positive_int=-1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than',
+            'loc': ('positive_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than 0',
+            'input': -1,
+            'ctx': {'gt': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NegativeInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Lt(0)]
+"""An integer that must be less than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NegativeInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    negative_int: NegativeInt
+
+m = Model(negative_int=-1)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(negative_int=-1)
+
+try:
+    Model(negative_int=1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than',
+            'loc': ('negative_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than 0',
+            'input': 1,
+            'ctx': {'lt': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonPositiveInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Le(0)]
+"""An integer that must be less than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonPositiveInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_positive_int: NonPositiveInt
+
+m = Model(non_positive_int=0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_positive_int=0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_positive_int=1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_positive_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than or equal to 0',
+            'input': 1,
+            'ctx': {'le': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonNegativeInt = Annotated[int, annotated_types.Ge(0)]
+"""An integer that must be greater than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonNegativeInt, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_negative_int: NonNegativeInt
+
+m = Model(non_negative_int=0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_negative_int=0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_negative_int=-1)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_negative_int',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than or equal to 0',
+            'input': -1,
+            'ctx': {'ge': 0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+StrictInt = Annotated[int, Strict()]
+"""An integer that must be validated in strict mode.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, StrictInt, ValidationError
+
+class StrictIntModel(BaseModel):
+    strict_int: StrictInt
+
+try:
+    StrictIntModel(strict_int=3.14159)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for StrictIntModel
+    strict_int
+      Input should be a valid integer [type=int_type, input_value=3.14159, input_type=float]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FLOAT TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class AllowInfNan(_fields.PydanticMetadata):
+    """A field metadata class to indicate that a field should allow `-inf`, `inf`, and `nan`.
+
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow `-inf`, `inf`, and `nan`. Defaults to `True`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic.types import AllowInfNan
+
+        LaxFloat = Annotated[float, AllowInfNan()]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    allow_inf_nan: bool = True
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.allow_inf_nan)
+
+
+def confloat(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: float | None = None,
+    ge: float | None = None,
+    lt: float | None = None,
+    le: float | None = None,
+    multiple_of: float | None = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[float]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`Field`][pydantic.fields.Field] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `confloat` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, confloat
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: confloat(strict=True, gt=0)
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[float, Field(strict=True, gt=0)]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around `float` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the float in strict mode.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this.
+        lt: The value must be less than this.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this.
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow `-inf`, `inf`, and `nan`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped float type.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, confloat
+
+    class ConstrainedExample(BaseModel):
+        constrained_float: confloat(gt=1.0)
+
+    m = ConstrainedExample(constrained_float=1.1)
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> ConstrainedExample(constrained_float=1.1)
+
+    try:
+        ConstrainedExample(constrained_float=0.9)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e.errors())
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('constrained_float',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 1',
+                'input': 0.9,
+                'ctx': {'gt': 1.0},
+                'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        float,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+        annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of) if multiple_of is not None else None,
+        AllowInfNan(allow_inf_nan) if allow_inf_nan is not None else None,
+    ]
+
+
+PositiveFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Gt(0)]
+"""A float that must be greater than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, PositiveFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    positive_float: PositiveFloat
+
+m = Model(positive_float=1.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(positive_float=1.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(positive_float=-1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than',
+            'loc': ('positive_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than 0',
+            'input': -1.0,
+            'ctx': {'gt': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NegativeFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Lt(0)]
+"""A float that must be less than zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NegativeFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    negative_float: NegativeFloat
+
+m = Model(negative_float=-1.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(negative_float=-1.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(negative_float=1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than',
+            'loc': ('negative_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than 0',
+            'input': 1.0,
+            'ctx': {'lt': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonPositiveFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Le(0)]
+"""A float that must be less than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonPositiveFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_positive_float: NonPositiveFloat
+
+m = Model(non_positive_float=0.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_positive_float=0.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_positive_float=1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'less_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_positive_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be less than or equal to 0',
+            'input': 1.0,
+            'ctx': {'le': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/less_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NonNegativeFloat = Annotated[float, annotated_types.Ge(0)]
+"""A float that must be greater than or equal to zero.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, NonNegativeFloat, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    non_negative_float: NonNegativeFloat
+
+m = Model(non_negative_float=0.0)
+print(repr(m))
+#> Model(non_negative_float=0.0)
+
+try:
+    Model(non_negative_float=-1.0)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e.errors())
+    '''
+    [
+        {
+            'type': 'greater_than_equal',
+            'loc': ('non_negative_float',),
+            'msg': 'Input should be greater than or equal to 0',
+            'input': -1.0,
+            'ctx': {'ge': 0.0},
+            'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than_equal',
+        }
+    ]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+StrictFloat = Annotated[float, Strict(True)]
+"""A float that must be validated in strict mode.
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, StrictFloat, ValidationError
+
+class StrictFloatModel(BaseModel):
+    strict_float: StrictFloat
+
+try:
+    StrictFloatModel(strict_float='1.0')
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for StrictFloatModel
+    strict_float
+      Input should be a valid number [type=float_type, input_value='1.0', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+FiniteFloat = Annotated[float, AllowInfNan(False)]
+"""A float that must be finite (not ``-inf``, ``inf``, or ``nan``).
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, FiniteFloat
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    finite: FiniteFloat
+
+m = Model(finite=1.0)
+print(m)
+#> finite=1.0
+```
+"""
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTES TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def conbytes(
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[bytes]:
+    """A wrapper around `bytes` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        min_length: The minimum length of the bytes.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the bytes.
+        strict: Whether to validate the bytes in strict mode.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped bytes type.
+    """
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        bytes,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length),
+    ]
+
+
+StrictBytes = Annotated[bytes, Strict()]
+"""A bytes that must be validated in strict mode."""
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STRING TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class StringConstraints(annotated_types.GroupedMetadata):
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [String types](./standard_library_types.md#strings)
+
+    A field metadata class to apply constraints to `str` types.
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        strip_whitespace: Whether to remove leading and trailing whitespace.
+        to_upper: Whether to convert the string to uppercase.
+        to_lower: Whether to convert the string to lowercase.
+        strict: Whether to validate the string in strict mode.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the string.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the string.
+        pattern: A regex pattern that the string must match.
+        ascii_only: Whether the string should contain only ASCII characters.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+
+        from pydantic.types import StringConstraints
+
+        ConstrainedStr = Annotated[str, StringConstraints(min_length=1, max_length=10)]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    strip_whitespace: bool | None = None
+    to_upper: bool | None = None
+    to_lower: bool | None = None
+    strict: bool | None = None
+    min_length: int | None = None
+    max_length: int | None = None
+    pattern: str | Pattern[str] | None = None
+    ascii_only: bool | None = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
+        if self.min_length is not None:
+            yield MinLen(self.min_length)
+        if self.max_length is not None:
+            yield MaxLen(self.max_length)
+        if self.strict is not None:
+            yield Strict(self.strict)
+        if (
+            self.strip_whitespace is not None
+            or self.pattern is not None
+            or self.to_lower is not None
+            or self.to_upper is not None
+            or self.ascii_only is not None
+        ):
+            yield _fields.pydantic_general_metadata(
+                strip_whitespace=self.strip_whitespace,
+                to_upper=self.to_upper,
+                to_lower=self.to_lower,
+                pattern=self.pattern,
+                ascii_only=self.ascii_only,
+            )
+
+
+def constr(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool | None = None,
+    to_upper: bool | None = None,
+    to_lower: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    pattern: str | Pattern[str] | None = None,
+    ascii_only: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[str]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`StringConstraints`][pydantic.types.StringConstraints] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `constr` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, constr
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: constr(strip_whitespace=True, to_upper=True, pattern=r'^[A-Z]+$')
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, StringConstraints
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[
+                    str,
+                    StringConstraints(
+                        strip_whitespace=True, to_upper=True, pattern=r'^[A-Z]+$'
+                    ),
+                ]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around `str` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, constr
+
+    class Foo(BaseModel):
+        bar: constr(strip_whitespace=True, to_upper=True)
+
+    foo = Foo(bar='  hello  ')
+    print(foo)
+    #> bar='HELLO'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strip_whitespace: Whether to remove leading and trailing whitespace.
+        to_upper: Whether to turn all characters to uppercase.
+        to_lower: Whether to turn all characters to lowercase.
+        strict: Whether to validate the string in strict mode.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the string.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the string.
+        pattern: A regex pattern to validate the string against.
+        ascii_only: Whether the string should contain only ASCII characters.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped string type.
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        str,
+        StringConstraints(
+            strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+            to_upper=to_upper,
+            to_lower=to_lower,
+            strict=strict,
+            min_length=min_length,
+            max_length=max_length,
+            pattern=pattern,
+            ascii_only=ascii_only,
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+StrictStr = Annotated[str, Strict()]
+"""A string that must be validated in strict mode."""
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COLLECTION TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+HashableItemType = TypeVar('HashableItemType', bound=Hashable)
+
+
+def conset(
+    item_type: type[HashableItemType], *, min_length: int | None = None, max_length: int | None = None
+) -> type[set[HashableItemType]]:
+    """A wrapper around `typing.Set` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        item_type: The type of the items in the set.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the set.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the set.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped set type.
+    """
+    return Annotated[set[item_type], annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length)]  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+def confrozenset(
+    item_type: type[HashableItemType], *, min_length: int | None = None, max_length: int | None = None
+) -> type[frozenset[HashableItemType]]:
+    """A wrapper around `typing.FrozenSet` that allows for additional constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        item_type: The type of the items in the frozenset.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the frozenset.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the frozenset.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped frozenset type.
+    """
+    return Annotated[frozenset[item_type], annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length)]  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+AnyItemType = TypeVar('AnyItemType')
+
+
+def conlist(
+    item_type: type[AnyItemType],
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    unique_items: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[list[AnyItemType]]:
+    """A wrapper around [`list`][] that adds validation.
+
+    Args:
+        item_type: The type of the items in the list.
+        min_length: The minimum length of the list. Defaults to None.
+        max_length: The maximum length of the list. Defaults to None.
+        unique_items: Whether the items in the list must be unique. Defaults to None.
+            !!! warning Deprecated
+                The `unique_items` parameter is deprecated, use `Set` instead.
+                See [this issue](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296) for more details.
+
+    Returns:
+        The wrapped list type.
+    """
+    if unique_items is not None:
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            (
+                '`unique_items` is removed, use `Set` instead'
+                '(this feature is discussed in https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/issues/296)'
+            ),
+            code='removed-kwargs',
+        )
+    return Annotated[list[item_type], annotated_types.Len(min_length or 0, max_length)]  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IMPORT STRING TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+AnyType = TypeVar('AnyType')
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    ImportString = Annotated[AnyType, ...]
+else:
+
+    class ImportString:
+        """A type that can be used to import a Python object from a string.
+
+        `ImportString` expects a string and loads the Python object importable at that dotted path.
+        Attributes of modules may be separated from the module by `:` or `.`, e.g. if `'math:cos'` is provided,
+        the resulting field value would be the function `cos`. If a `.` is used and both an attribute and submodule
+        are present at the same path, the module will be preferred.
+
+        On model instantiation, pointers will be evaluated and imported. There is
+        some nuance to this behavior, demonstrated in the examples below.
+
+        ```python
+        import math
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ImportString, ValidationError
+
+        class ImportThings(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString
+
+        # A string value will cause an automatic import
+        my_cos = ImportThings(obj='math.cos')
+
+        # You can use the imported function as you would expect
+        cos_of_0 = my_cos.obj(0)
+        assert cos_of_0 == 1
+
+        # A string whose value cannot be imported will raise an error
+        try:
+            ImportThings(obj='foo.bar')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            1 validation error for ImportThings
+            obj
+              Invalid python path: No module named 'foo' [type=import_error, input_value='foo.bar', input_type=str]
+            '''
+
+        # Actual python objects can be assigned as well
+        my_cos = ImportThings(obj=math.cos)
+        my_cos_2 = ImportThings(obj='math.cos')
+        my_cos_3 = ImportThings(obj='math:cos')
+        assert my_cos == my_cos_2 == my_cos_3
+
+        # You can set default field value either as Python object:
+        class ImportThingsDefaultPyObj(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString = math.cos
+
+        # or as a string value (but only if used with `validate_default=True`)
+        class ImportThingsDefaultString(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString = Field(default='math.cos', validate_default=True)
+
+        my_cos_default1 = ImportThingsDefaultPyObj()
+        my_cos_default2 = ImportThingsDefaultString()
+        assert my_cos_default1.obj == my_cos_default2.obj == math.cos
+
+        # note: this will not work!
+        class ImportThingsMissingValidateDefault(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString = 'math.cos'
+
+        my_cos_default3 = ImportThingsMissingValidateDefault()
+        assert my_cos_default3.obj == 'math.cos'  # just string, not evaluated
+        ```
+
+        Serializing an `ImportString` type to json is also possible.
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, ImportString
+
+        class ImportThings(BaseModel):
+            obj: ImportString
+
+        # Create an instance
+        m = ImportThings(obj='math.cos')
+        print(m)
+        #> obj=<built-in function cos>
+        print(m.model_dump_json())
+        #> {"obj":"math.cos"}
+        ```
+        """
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            serializer = core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(cls._serialize, when_used='json')
+            if cls is source:
+                # Treat bare usage of ImportString (`schema is None`) as the same as ImportString[Any]
+                return core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(
+                    function=_validators.import_string, serialization=serializer
+                )
+            else:
+                return core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(
+                    function=_validators.import_string, schema=handler(source), serialization=serializer
+                )
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(cls, cs: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            return handler(core_schema.str_schema())
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def _serialize(v: Any) -> str:
+            if isinstance(v, ModuleType):
+                return v.__name__
+            elif hasattr(v, '__module__') and hasattr(v, '__name__'):
+                return f'{v.__module__}.{v.__name__}'
+            # Handle special cases for sys.XXX streams
+            # if we see more of these, we should consider a more general solution
+            elif hasattr(v, 'name'):
+                if v.name == '<stdout>':
+                    return 'sys.stdout'
+                elif v.name == '<stdin>':
+                    return 'sys.stdin'
+                elif v.name == '<stderr>':
+                    return 'sys.stderr'
+            return v
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'ImportString'
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DECIMAL TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def condecimal(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    ge: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    lt: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    le: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    multiple_of: int | Decimal | None = None,
+    max_digits: int | None = None,
+    decimal_places: int | None = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+) -> type[Decimal]:
+    """
+    !!! warning "Discouraged"
+        This function is **discouraged** in favor of using
+        [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated) with
+        [`Field`][pydantic.fields.Field] instead.
+
+        This function will be **deprecated** in Pydantic 3.0.
+
+        The reason is that `condecimal` returns a type, which doesn't play well with static analysis tools.
+
+        === ":x: Don't do this"
+            ```python
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, condecimal
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: condecimal(strict=True, allow_inf_nan=True)
+            ```
+
+        === ":white_check_mark: Do this"
+            ```python
+            from decimal import Decimal
+            from typing import Annotated
+
+            from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+            class Foo(BaseModel):
+                bar: Annotated[Decimal, Field(strict=True, allow_inf_nan=True)]
+            ```
+
+    A wrapper around Decimal that adds validation.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the value in strict mode. Defaults to `None`.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+        lt: The value must be less than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this. Defaults to `None`.
+        max_digits: The maximum number of digits. Defaults to `None`.
+        decimal_places: The number of decimal places. Defaults to `None`.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow infinity and NaN. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    ```python
+    from decimal import Decimal
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, condecimal
+
+    class ConstrainedExample(BaseModel):
+        constrained_decimal: condecimal(gt=Decimal('1.0'))
+
+    m = ConstrainedExample(constrained_decimal=Decimal('1.1'))
+    print(repr(m))
+    #> ConstrainedExample(constrained_decimal=Decimal('1.1'))
+
+    try:
+        ConstrainedExample(constrained_decimal=Decimal('0.9'))
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e.errors())
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('constrained_decimal',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 1.0',
+                'input': Decimal('0.9'),
+                'ctx': {'gt': Decimal('1.0')},
+                'url': 'https://errors.pydantic.dev/2/v/greater_than',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """  # noqa: D212
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        Decimal,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+        annotated_types.MultipleOf(multiple_of) if multiple_of is not None else None,
+        _fields.pydantic_general_metadata(max_digits=max_digits, decimal_places=decimal_places),
+        AllowInfNan(allow_inf_nan) if allow_inf_nan is not None else None,
+    ]
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UUID TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class UuidVersion:
+    """A field metadata class to indicate a [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) version.
+
+    Use this class as an annotation via [`Annotated`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Annotated), as seen below.
+
+    Attributes:
+        uuid_version: The version of the UUID. Must be one of 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from typing import Annotated
+        from uuid import UUID
+
+        from pydantic.types import UuidVersion
+
+        UUID1 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(1)]
+        ```
+    """
+
+    uuid_version: Literal[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.pop('anyOf', None)  # remove the bytes/str union
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format=f'uuid{self.uuid_version}')
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+        _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'uuid', self.__class__.__name__)
+        schema['version'] = self.uuid_version  # type: ignore
+        return schema
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.uuid_version)
+
+
+UUID1 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(1)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 1.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID1, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid1: UUID1
+
+Model(uuid1=uuid.uuid1())
+```
+"""
+UUID3 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(3)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 3.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID3, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid3: UUID3
+
+Model(uuid3=uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'pydantic.org'))
+```
+"""
+UUID4 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(4)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 4.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID4, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid4: UUID4
+
+Model(uuid4=uuid.uuid4())
+```
+"""
+UUID5 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(5)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 5.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID5, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid5: UUID5
+
+Model(uuid5=uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'pydantic.org'))
+```
+"""
+UUID6 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(6)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 6.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID6, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid6: UUID6
+
+Model(uuid6=uuid.UUID('1efea953-c2d6-6790-aa0a-69db8c87df97'))
+```
+"""
+UUID7 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(7)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 7.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID7, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid7: UUID7
+
+Model(uuid7=uuid.UUID('0194fdcb-1c47-7a09-b52c-561154de0b4a'))
+```
+"""
+UUID8 = Annotated[UUID, UuidVersion(8)]
+"""A [UUID](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html) that must be version 8.
+
+```python
+import uuid
+
+from pydantic import UUID8, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    uuid8: UUID8
+
+Model(uuid8=uuid.UUID('81a0b92e-6078-8551-9c81-8ccb666bdab8'))
+```
+"""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PATH TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class PathType:
+    path_type: Literal['file', 'dir', 'new', 'socket']
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        format_conversion = {'file': 'file-path', 'dir': 'directory-path'}
+        field_schema.update(format=format_conversion.get(self.path_type, 'path'), type='string')
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        function_lookup = {
+            'file': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_file),
+            'dir': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_directory),
+            'new': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_new),
+            'socket': cast(core_schema.WithInfoValidatorFunction, self.validate_socket),
+        }
+
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function_lookup[self.path_type],
+            handler(source),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_file(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.is_file():
+            return path
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_not_file', 'Path does not point to a file')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_socket(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.is_socket():
+            return path
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_not_socket', 'Path does not point to a socket')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_directory(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.is_dir():
+            return path
+        else:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_not_directory', 'Path does not point to a directory')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_new(path: Path, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> Path:
+        if path.exists():
+            raise PydanticCustomError('path_exists', 'Path already exists')
+        elif not path.parent.exists():
+            raise PydanticCustomError('parent_does_not_exist', 'Parent directory does not exist')
+        else:
+            return path
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.path_type)
+
+
+FilePath = Annotated[Path, PathType('file')]
+"""A path that must point to a file.
+
+```python
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, FilePath, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    f: FilePath
+
+path = Path('text.txt')
+path.touch()
+m = Model(f='text.txt')
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'f': PosixPath('text.txt')}
+path.unlink()
+
+path = Path('directory')
+path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+try:
+    Model(f='directory')  # directory
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a file [type=path_not_file, input_value='directory', input_type=str]
+    '''
+path.rmdir()
+
+try:
+    Model(f='not-exists-file')
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a file [type=path_not_file, input_value='not-exists-file', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+DirectoryPath = Annotated[Path, PathType('dir')]
+"""A path that must point to a directory.
+
+```python
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, DirectoryPath, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    f: DirectoryPath
+
+path = Path('directory/')
+path.mkdir()
+m = Model(f='directory/')
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'f': PosixPath('directory')}
+path.rmdir()
+
+path = Path('file.txt')
+path.touch()
+try:
+    Model(f='file.txt')  # file
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a directory [type=path_not_directory, input_value='file.txt', input_type=str]
+    '''
+path.unlink()
+
+try:
+    Model(f='not-exists-directory')
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    f
+      Path does not point to a directory [type=path_not_directory, input_value='not-exists-directory', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+NewPath = Annotated[Path, PathType('new')]
+"""A path for a new file or directory that must not already exist. The parent directory must already exist."""
+
+SocketPath = Annotated[Path, PathType('socket')]
+"""A path to an existing socket file"""
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ JSON TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Json[list[str]] will be recognized by type checkers as list[str]
+    Json = Annotated[AnyType, ...]
+
+else:
+
+    class Json:
+        """A special type wrapper which loads JSON before parsing.
+
+        You can use the `Json` data type to make Pydantic first load a raw JSON string before
+        validating the loaded data into the parametrized type:
+
+        ```python
+        from typing import Any
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Json, ValidationError
+
+        class AnyJsonModel(BaseModel):
+            json_obj: Json[Any]
+
+        class ConstrainedJsonModel(BaseModel):
+            json_obj: Json[list[int]]
+
+        print(AnyJsonModel(json_obj='{"b": 1}'))
+        #> json_obj={'b': 1}
+        print(ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[1, 2, 3]'))
+        #> json_obj=[1, 2, 3]
+
+        try:
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj=12)
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            1 validation error for ConstrainedJsonModel
+            json_obj
+              JSON input should be string, bytes or bytearray [type=json_type, input_value=12, input_type=int]
+            '''
+
+        try:
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[a, b]')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            1 validation error for ConstrainedJsonModel
+            json_obj
+              Invalid JSON: expected value at line 1 column 2 [type=json_invalid, input_value='[a, b]', input_type=str]
+            '''
+
+        try:
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='["a", "b"]')
+        except ValidationError as e:
+            print(e)
+            '''
+            2 validation errors for ConstrainedJsonModel
+            json_obj.0
+              Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+            json_obj.1
+              Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='b', input_type=str]
+            '''
+        ```
+
+        When you dump the model using `model_dump` or `model_dump_json`, the dumped value will be the result of validation,
+        not the original JSON string. However, you can use the argument `round_trip=True` to get the original JSON string back:
+
+        ```python
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, Json
+
+        class ConstrainedJsonModel(BaseModel):
+            json_obj: Json[list[int]]
+
+        print(ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[1, 2, 3]').model_dump_json())
+        #> {"json_obj":[1,2,3]}
+        print(
+            ConstrainedJsonModel(json_obj='[1, 2, 3]').model_dump_json(round_trip=True)
+        )
+        #> {"json_obj":"[1,2,3]"}
+        ```
+        """
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: AnyType) -> AnyType:
+            return Annotated[item, cls()]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                return core_schema.json_schema(None)
+            else:
+                return core_schema.json_schema(handler(source))
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'Json'
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(type(self))
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+            return type(other) is type(self)
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECRET TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+# The `Secret` class being conceptually immutable, make the type variable covariant:
+SecretType = TypeVar('SecretType', covariant=True)
+
+
+class _SecretBase(Generic[SecretType]):
+    def __init__(self, secret_value: SecretType) -> None:
+        self._secret_value: SecretType = secret_value
+
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> SecretType:
+        """Get the secret value.
+
+        Returns:
+            The secret value.
+        """
+        return self._secret_value
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.get_secret_value() == other.get_secret_value()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.get_secret_value())
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self._display())
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({self._display()!r})'
+
+    def _display(self) -> str | bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def _serialize_secret(value: Secret[SecretType], info: core_schema.SerializationInfo) -> str | Secret[SecretType]:
+    if info.mode == 'json':
+        return str(value)
+    else:
+        return value
+
+
+class Secret(_SecretBase[SecretType]):
+    """A generic base class used for defining a field with sensitive information that you do not want to be visible in logging or tracebacks.
+
+    You may either directly parametrize `Secret` with a type, or subclass from `Secret` with a parametrized type. The benefit of subclassing
+    is that you can define a custom `_display` method, which will be used for `repr()` and `str()` methods. The examples below demonstrate both
+    ways of using `Secret` to create a new secret type.
+
+    1. Directly parametrizing `Secret` with a type:
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Secret
+
+    SecretBool = Secret[bool]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        secret_bool: SecretBool
+
+    m = Model(secret_bool=True)
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'secret_bool': Secret('**********')}
+
+    print(m.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"secret_bool":"**********"}
+
+    print(m.secret_bool.get_secret_value())
+    #> True
+    ```
+
+    2. Subclassing from parametrized `Secret`:
+
+    ```python
+    from datetime import date
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Secret
+
+    class SecretDate(Secret[date]):
+        def _display(self) -> str:
+            return '****/**/**'
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        secret_date: SecretDate
+
+    m = Model(secret_date=date(2022, 1, 1))
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'secret_date': SecretDate('****/**/**')}
+
+    print(m.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"secret_date":"****/**/**"}
+
+    print(m.secret_date.get_secret_value())
+    #> 2022-01-01
+    ```
+
+    The value returned by the `_display` method will be used for `repr()` and `str()`.
+
+    You can enforce constraints on the underlying type through annotations:
+    For example:
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, Secret, ValidationError
+
+    SecretPosInt = Secret[Annotated[int, Field(gt=0, strict=True)]]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        sensitive_int: SecretPosInt
+
+    m = Model(sensitive_int=42)
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'sensitive_int': Secret('**********')}
+
+    try:
+        m = Model(sensitive_int=-42)  # (1)!
+    except ValidationError as exc_info:
+        print(exc_info.errors(include_url=False, include_input=False))
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'greater_than',
+                'loc': ('sensitive_int',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be greater than 0',
+                'ctx': {'gt': 0},
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+
+    try:
+        m = Model(sensitive_int='42')  # (2)!
+    except ValidationError as exc_info:
+        print(exc_info.errors(include_url=False, include_input=False))
+        '''
+        [
+            {
+                'type': 'int_type',
+                'loc': ('sensitive_int',),
+                'msg': 'Input should be a valid integer',
+            }
+        ]
+        '''
+    ```
+
+    1. The input value is not greater than 0, so it raises a validation error.
+    2. The input value is not an integer, so it raises a validation error because the `SecretPosInt` type has strict mode enabled.
+    """
+
+    def _display(self) -> str | bytes:
+        return '**********' if self.get_secret_value() else ''
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        inner_type = None
+        # if origin_type is Secret, then cls is a GenericAlias, and we can extract the inner type directly
+        origin_type = get_origin(source)
+        if origin_type is not None:
+            inner_type = get_args(source)[0]
+        # otherwise, we need to get the inner type from the base class
+        else:
+            bases = getattr(cls, '__orig_bases__', getattr(cls, '__bases__', []))
+            for base in bases:
+                if get_origin(base) is Secret:
+                    inner_type = get_args(base)[0]
+            if bases == [] or inner_type is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Can't get secret type from {cls.__name__}. "
+                    'Please use Secret[<type>], or subclass from Secret[<type>] instead.'
+                )
+
+        inner_schema = handler.generate_schema(inner_type)  # type: ignore
+
+        def validate_secret_value(value, handler) -> Secret[SecretType]:
+            if isinstance(value, Secret):
+                value = value.get_secret_value()
+            validated_inner = handler(value)
+            return cls(validated_inner)
+
+        return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            python_schema=core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+                validate_secret_value,
+                inner_schema,
+            ),
+            json_schema=core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(lambda x: cls(x), inner_schema),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                _serialize_secret,
+                info_arg=True,
+                when_used='always',
+            ),
+        )
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(
+        core_schema.any_schema(
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                _serialize_secret,
+                info_arg=True,
+                when_used='always',
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _secret_display(value: SecretType) -> str:  # type: ignore
+    return '**********' if value else ''
+
+
+def _serialize_secret_field(
+    value: _SecretField[SecretType], info: core_schema.SerializationInfo
+) -> str | _SecretField[SecretType]:
+    if info.mode == 'json':
+        # we want the output to always be string without the `b'` prefix for bytes,
+        # hence we just use `secret_display`
+        return _secret_display(value.get_secret_value())
+    else:
+        return value
+
+
+class _SecretField(_SecretBase[SecretType]):
+    _inner_schema: ClassVar[CoreSchema]
+    _error_kind: ClassVar[str]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        def get_json_schema(_core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+            json_schema = handler(cls._inner_schema)
+            _utils.update_not_none(
+                json_schema,
+                type='string',
+                writeOnly=True,
+                format='password',
+            )
+            return json_schema
+
+        def get_secret_schema(strict: bool) -> CoreSchema:
+            inner_schema = {**cls._inner_schema, 'strict': strict}
+            json_schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(
+                source,  # construct the type
+                inner_schema,  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+            )
+            return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+                python_schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                    [
+                        core_schema.is_instance_schema(source),
+                        json_schema,
+                    ],
+                    custom_error_type=cls._error_kind,
+                ),
+                json_schema=json_schema,
+                serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                    _serialize_secret_field,
+                    info_arg=True,
+                    when_used='always',
+                ),
+            )
+
+        return core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+            lax_schema=get_secret_schema(strict=False),
+            strict_schema=get_secret_schema(strict=True),
+            metadata={'pydantic_js_functions': [get_json_schema]},
+        )
+
+    __pydantic_serializer__ = SchemaSerializer(
+        core_schema.any_schema(
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                _serialize_secret_field,
+                info_arg=True,
+                when_used='always',
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+class SecretStr(_SecretField[str]):
+    """A string used for storing sensitive information that you do not want to be visible in logging or tracebacks.
+
+    When the secret value is nonempty, it is displayed as `'**********'` instead of the underlying value in
+    calls to `repr()` and `str()`. If the value _is_ empty, it is displayed as `''`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        username: str
+        password: SecretStr
+
+    user = User(username='scolvin', password='password1')
+
+    print(user)
+    #> username='scolvin' password=SecretStr('**********')
+    print(user.password.get_secret_value())
+    #> password1
+    print((SecretStr('password'), SecretStr('')))
+    #> (SecretStr('**********'), SecretStr(''))
+    ```
+
+    As seen above, by default, [`SecretStr`][pydantic.types.SecretStr] (and [`SecretBytes`][pydantic.types.SecretBytes])
+    will be serialized as `**********` when serializing to json.
+
+    You can use the [`field_serializer`][pydantic.functional_serializers.field_serializer] to dump the
+    secret as plain-text when serializing to json.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretBytes, SecretStr, field_serializer
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        password: SecretStr
+        password_bytes: SecretBytes
+
+        @field_serializer('password', 'password_bytes', when_used='json')
+        def dump_secret(self, v):
+            return v.get_secret_value()
+
+    model = Model(password='IAmSensitive', password_bytes=b'IAmSensitiveBytes')
+    print(model)
+    #> password=SecretStr('**********') password_bytes=SecretBytes(b'**********')
+    print(model.password)
+    #> **********
+    print(model.model_dump())
+    '''
+    {
+        'password': SecretStr('**********'),
+        'password_bytes': SecretBytes(b'**********'),
+    }
+    '''
+    print(model.model_dump_json())
+    #> {"password":"IAmSensitive","password_bytes":"IAmSensitiveBytes"}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    _inner_schema: ClassVar[CoreSchema] = core_schema.str_schema()
+    _error_kind: ClassVar[str] = 'string_type'
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def _display(self) -> str:
+        return _secret_display(self._secret_value)
+
+
+class SecretBytes(_SecretField[bytes]):
+    """A bytes used for storing sensitive information that you do not want to be visible in logging or tracebacks.
+
+    It displays `b'**********'` instead of the string value on `repr()` and `str()` calls.
+    When the secret value is nonempty, it is displayed as `b'**********'` instead of the underlying value in
+    calls to `repr()` and `str()`. If the value _is_ empty, it is displayed as `b''`.
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretBytes
+
+    class User(BaseModel):
+        username: str
+        password: SecretBytes
+
+    user = User(username='scolvin', password=b'password1')
+    #> username='scolvin' password=SecretBytes(b'**********')
+    print(user.password.get_secret_value())
+    #> b'password1'
+    print((SecretBytes(b'password'), SecretBytes(b'')))
+    #> (SecretBytes(b'**********'), SecretBytes(b''))
+    ```
+    """
+
+    _inner_schema: ClassVar[CoreSchema] = core_schema.bytes_schema()
+    _error_kind: ClassVar[str] = 'bytes_type'
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def _display(self) -> bytes:
+        return _secret_display(self._secret_value).encode()
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PAYMENT CARD TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class PaymentCardBrand(str, Enum):
+    amex = 'American Express'
+    mastercard = 'Mastercard'
+    visa = 'Visa'
+    other = 'other'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+@deprecated(
+    'The `PaymentCardNumber` class is deprecated, use `pydantic_extra_types` instead. '
+    'See https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/pydantic_extra_types_payment/#pydantic_extra_types.payment.PaymentCardNumber.',
+    category=PydanticDeprecatedSince20,
+)
+class PaymentCardNumber(str):
+    """Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number."""
+
+    strip_whitespace: ClassVar[bool] = True
+    min_length: ClassVar[int] = 12
+    max_length: ClassVar[int] = 19
+    bin: str
+    last4: str
+    brand: PaymentCardBrand
+
+    def __init__(self, card_number: str):
+        self.validate_digits(card_number)
+
+        card_number = self.validate_luhn_check_digit(card_number)
+
+        self.bin = card_number[:6]
+        self.last4 = card_number[-4:]
+        self.brand = self.validate_brand(card_number)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            cls.validate,
+            core_schema.str_schema(
+                min_length=cls.min_length, max_length=cls.max_length, strip_whitespace=cls.strip_whitespace
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, input_value: str, /, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> PaymentCardNumber:
+        """Validate the card number and return a `PaymentCardNumber` instance."""
+        return cls(input_value)
+
+    @property
+    def masked(self) -> str:
+        """Mask all but the last 4 digits of the card number.
+
+        Returns:
+            A masked card number string.
+        """
+        num_masked = len(self) - 10  # len(bin) + len(last4) == 10
+        return f'{self.bin}{"*" * num_masked}{self.last4}'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_digits(cls, card_number: str) -> None:
+        """Validate that the card number is all digits."""
+        if not card_number.isdigit():
+            raise PydanticCustomError('payment_card_number_digits', 'Card number is not all digits')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_luhn_check_digit(cls, card_number: str) -> str:
+        """Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm."""
+        sum_ = int(card_number[-1])
+        length = len(card_number)
+        parity = length % 2
+        for i in range(length - 1):
+            digit = int(card_number[i])
+            if i % 2 == parity:
+                digit *= 2
+            if digit > 9:
+                digit -= 9
+            sum_ += digit
+        valid = sum_ % 10 == 0
+        if not valid:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('payment_card_number_luhn', 'Card number is not luhn valid')
+        return card_number
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_brand(card_number: str) -> PaymentCardBrand:
+        """Validate length based on BIN for major brands:
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number#Issuer_identification_number_(IIN).
+        """
+        if card_number[0] == '4':
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.visa
+        elif 51 <= int(card_number[:2]) <= 55:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.mastercard
+        elif card_number[:2] in {'34', '37'}:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.amex
+        else:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.other
+
+        required_length: None | int | str = None
+        if brand in PaymentCardBrand.mastercard:
+            required_length = 16
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        elif brand == PaymentCardBrand.visa:
+            required_length = '13, 16 or 19'
+            valid = len(card_number) in {13, 16, 19}
+        elif brand == PaymentCardBrand.amex:
+            required_length = 15
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        else:
+            valid = True
+
+        if not valid:
+            raise PydanticCustomError(
+                'payment_card_number_brand',
+                'Length for a {brand} card must be {required_length}',
+                {'brand': brand, 'required_length': required_length},
+            )
+        return brand
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTE SIZE TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ByteSize(int):
+    """Converts a string representing a number of bytes with units (such as `'1KB'` or `'11.5MiB'`) into an integer.
+
+    You can use the `ByteSize` data type to (case-insensitively) convert a string representation of a number of bytes into
+    an integer, and also to print out human-readable strings representing a number of bytes.
+
+    In conformance with [IEC 80000-13 Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000) we interpret `'1KB'` to mean 1000 bytes,
+    and `'1KiB'` to mean 1024 bytes. In general, including a middle `'i'` will cause the unit to be interpreted as a power of 2,
+    rather than a power of 10 (so, for example, `'1 MB'` is treated as `1_000_000` bytes, whereas `'1 MiB'` is treated as `1_048_576` bytes).
+
+    !!! info
+        Note that `1b` will be parsed as "1 byte" and not "1 bit".
+
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, ByteSize
+
+    class MyModel(BaseModel):
+        size: ByteSize
+
+    print(MyModel(size=52000).size)
+    #> 52000
+    print(MyModel(size='3000 KiB').size)
+    #> 3072000
+
+    m = MyModel(size='50 PB')
+    print(m.size.human_readable())
+    #> 44.4PiB
+    print(m.size.human_readable(decimal=True))
+    #> 50.0PB
+    print(m.size.human_readable(separator=' '))
+    #> 44.4 PiB
+
+    print(m.size.to('TiB'))
+    #> 45474.73508864641
+    ```
+    """
+
+    byte_sizes = {
+        'b': 1,
+        'kb': 10**3,
+        'mb': 10**6,
+        'gb': 10**9,
+        'tb': 10**12,
+        'pb': 10**15,
+        'eb': 10**18,
+        'kib': 2**10,
+        'mib': 2**20,
+        'gib': 2**30,
+        'tib': 2**40,
+        'pib': 2**50,
+        'eib': 2**60,
+        'bit': 1 / 8,
+        'kbit': 10**3 / 8,
+        'mbit': 10**6 / 8,
+        'gbit': 10**9 / 8,
+        'tbit': 10**12 / 8,
+        'pbit': 10**15 / 8,
+        'ebit': 10**18 / 8,
+        'kibit': 2**10 / 8,
+        'mibit': 2**20 / 8,
+        'gibit': 2**30 / 8,
+        'tibit': 2**40 / 8,
+        'pibit': 2**50 / 8,
+        'eibit': 2**60 / 8,
+    }
+    byte_sizes.update({k.lower()[0]: v for k, v in byte_sizes.items() if 'i' not in k})
+
+    byte_string_pattern = r'^\s*(\d*\.?\d+)\s*(\w+)?'
+    byte_string_re = re.compile(byte_string_pattern, re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function=cls._validate,
+            schema=core_schema.union_schema(
+                [
+                    core_schema.str_schema(pattern=cls.byte_string_pattern),
+                    core_schema.int_schema(ge=0),
+                ],
+                custom_error_type='byte_size',
+                custom_error_message='could not parse value and unit from byte string',
+            ),
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+                int, return_schema=core_schema.int_schema(ge=0)
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate(cls, input_value: Any, /, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> ByteSize:
+        try:
+            return cls(int(input_value))
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        str_match = cls.byte_string_re.match(str(input_value))
+        if str_match is None:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('byte_size', 'could not parse value and unit from byte string')
+
+        scalar, unit = str_match.groups()
+        if unit is None:
+            unit = 'b'
+
+        try:
+            unit_mult = cls.byte_sizes[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('byte_size_unit', 'could not interpret byte unit: {unit}', {'unit': unit})
+
+        return cls(int(float(scalar) * unit_mult))
+
+    def human_readable(self, decimal: bool = False, separator: str = '') -> str:
+        """Converts a byte size to a human readable string.
+
+        Args:
+            decimal: If True, use decimal units (e.g. 1000 bytes per KB). If False, use binary units
+                (e.g. 1024 bytes per KiB).
+            separator: A string used to split the value and unit. Defaults to an empty string ('').
+
+        Returns:
+            A human readable string representation of the byte size.
+        """
+        if decimal:
+            divisor = 1000
+            units = 'B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB'
+            final_unit = 'EB'
+        else:
+            divisor = 1024
+            units = 'B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB'
+            final_unit = 'EiB'
+
+        num = float(self)
+        for unit in units:
+            if abs(num) < divisor:
+                if unit == 'B':
+                    return f'{num:0.0f}{separator}{unit}'
+                else:
+                    return f'{num:0.1f}{separator}{unit}'
+            num /= divisor
+
+        return f'{num:0.1f}{separator}{final_unit}'
+
+    def to(self, unit: str) -> float:
+        """Converts a byte size to another unit, including both byte and bit units.
+
+        Args:
+            unit: The unit to convert to. Must be one of the following: B, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB,
+                KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB (byte units) and
+                bit, kbit, mbit, gbit, tbit, pbit, ebit,
+                kibit, mibit, gibit, tibit, pibit, eibit (bit units).
+
+        Returns:
+            The byte size in the new unit.
+        """
+        try:
+            unit_div = self.byte_sizes[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('byte_size_unit', 'Could not interpret byte unit: {unit}', {'unit': unit})
+
+        return self / unit_div
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DATE TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+def _check_annotated_type(annotated_type: str, expected_type: str, annotation: str) -> None:
+    if annotated_type != expected_type:
+        raise PydanticUserError(f"'{annotation}' cannot annotate '{annotated_type}'.", code='invalid-annotated-type')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PastDate = Annotated[date, ...]
+    FutureDate = Annotated[date, ...]
+else:
+
+    class PastDate:
+        """A date in the past."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.date_schema(now_op='past')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'date', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'past'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'PastDate'
+
+    class FutureDate:
+        """A date in the future."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.date_schema(now_op='future')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'date', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'future'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'FutureDate'
+
+
+def condate(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    gt: date | None = None,
+    ge: date | None = None,
+    lt: date | None = None,
+    le: date | None = None,
+) -> type[date]:
+    """A wrapper for date that adds constraints.
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether to validate the date value in strict mode. Defaults to `None`.
+        gt: The value must be greater than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+        lt: The value must be less than this. Defaults to `None`.
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this. Defaults to `None`.
+
+    Returns:
+        A date type with the specified constraints.
+    """
+    return Annotated[  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+        date,
+        Strict(strict) if strict is not None else None,
+        annotated_types.Interval(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le),
+    ]
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DATETIME TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    AwareDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+    NaiveDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+    PastDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+    FutureDatetime = Annotated[datetime, ...]
+
+else:
+
+    class AwareDatetime:
+        """A datetime that requires timezone info."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(tz_constraint='aware')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['tz_constraint'] = 'aware'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'AwareDatetime'
+
+    class NaiveDatetime:
+        """A datetime that doesn't require timezone info."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(tz_constraint='naive')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['tz_constraint'] = 'naive'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'NaiveDatetime'
+
+    class PastDatetime:
+        """A datetime that must be in the past."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(now_op='past')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'past'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'PastDatetime'
+
+    class FutureDatetime:
+        """A datetime that must be in the future."""
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
+            cls, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
+        ) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+            if cls is source:
+                # used directly as a type
+                return core_schema.datetime_schema(now_op='future')
+            else:
+                schema = handler(source)
+                _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'datetime', cls.__name__)
+                schema['now_op'] = 'future'
+                return schema
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return 'FutureDatetime'
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Encoded TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class EncoderProtocol(Protocol):
+    """Protocol for encoding and decoding data to and from bytes."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data using the encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data using the encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> str:
+        """Get the JSON format for the encoded data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON format for the encoded data.
+        """
+        ...
+
+
+class Base64Encoder(EncoderProtocol):
+    """Standard (non-URL-safe) Base64 encoder."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data from base64 encoded bytes to original bytes data.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        try:
+            return base64.b64decode(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('base64_decode', "Base64 decoding error: '{error}'", {'error': str(e)})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data from bytes to a base64 encoded bytes.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return base64.b64encode(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> Literal['base64']:
+        """Get the JSON format for the encoded data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON format for the encoded data.
+        """
+        return 'base64'
+
+
+class Base64UrlEncoder(EncoderProtocol):
+    """URL-safe Base64 encoder."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data from base64 encoded bytes to original bytes data.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        try:
+            return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError('base64_decode', "Base64 decoding error: '{error}'", {'error': str(e)})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data from bytes to a base64 encoded bytes.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> Literal['base64url']:
+        """Get the JSON format for the encoded data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The JSON format for the encoded data.
+        """
+        return 'base64url'
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class EncodedBytes:
+    """A bytes type that is encoded and decoded using the specified encoder.
+
+    `EncodedBytes` needs an encoder that implements `EncoderProtocol` to operate.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, EncodedBytes, EncoderProtocol, ValidationError
+
+    class MyEncoder(EncoderProtocol):
+        @classmethod
+        def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            if data == b'**undecodable**':
+                raise ValueError('Cannot decode data')
+            return data[13:]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return b'**encoded**: ' + value
+
+        @classmethod
+        def get_json_format(cls) -> str:
+            return 'my-encoder'
+
+    MyEncodedBytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=MyEncoder)]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        my_encoded_bytes: MyEncodedBytes
+
+    # Initialize the model with encoded data
+    m = Model(my_encoded_bytes=b'**encoded**: some bytes')
+
+    # Access decoded value
+    print(m.my_encoded_bytes)
+    #> b'some bytes'
+
+    # Serialize into the encoded form
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'my_encoded_bytes': b'**encoded**: some bytes'}
+
+    # Validate encoded data
+    try:
+        Model(my_encoded_bytes=b'**undecodable**')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        my_encoded_bytes
+          Value error, Cannot decode data [type=value_error, input_value=b'**undecodable**', input_type=bytes]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    encoder: type[EncoderProtocol]
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format=self.encoder.get_json_format())
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+        _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'bytes', self.__class__.__name__)
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function=self.decode,
+            schema=schema,
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(function=self.encode),
+        )
+
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> bytes:
+        """Decode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.decode(data)
+
+    def encode(self, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.encode(value)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.encoder)
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class EncodedStr:
+    """A str type that is encoded and decoded using the specified encoder.
+
+    `EncodedStr` needs an encoder that implements `EncoderProtocol` to operate.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, EncodedStr, EncoderProtocol, ValidationError
+
+    class MyEncoder(EncoderProtocol):
+        @classmethod
+        def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+            if data == b'**undecodable**':
+                raise ValueError('Cannot decode data')
+            return data[13:]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+            return b'**encoded**: ' + value
+
+        @classmethod
+        def get_json_format(cls) -> str:
+            return 'my-encoder'
+
+    MyEncodedStr = Annotated[str, EncodedStr(encoder=MyEncoder)]
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        my_encoded_str: MyEncodedStr
+
+    # Initialize the model with encoded data
+    m = Model(my_encoded_str='**encoded**: some str')
+
+    # Access decoded value
+    print(m.my_encoded_str)
+    #> some str
+
+    # Serialize into the encoded form
+    print(m.model_dump())
+    #> {'my_encoded_str': '**encoded**: some str'}
+
+    # Validate encoded data
+    try:
+        Model(my_encoded_str='**undecodable**')
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        my_encoded_str
+          Value error, Cannot decode data [type=value_error, input_value='**undecodable**', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    encoder: type[EncoderProtocol]
+
+    def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
+        self, core_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler
+    ) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+        field_schema = handler(core_schema)
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format=self.encoder.get_json_format())
+        return field_schema
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source: type[Any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> core_schema.CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source)
+        _check_annotated_type(schema['type'], 'str', self.__class__.__name__)
+        return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+            function=self.decode_str,
+            schema=schema,
+            serialization=core_schema.plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(function=self.encode_str),
+        )
+
+    def decode_str(self, data: str, _: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        """Decode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to decode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The decoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.decode(data.encode()).decode()
+
+    def encode_str(self, value: str) -> str:
+        """Encode the data using the specified encoder.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The data to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded data.
+        """
+        return self.encoder.encode(value.encode()).decode()  # noqa: UP008
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.encoder)
+
+
+Base64Bytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=Base64Encoder)]
+"""A bytes type that is encoded and decoded using the standard (non-URL-safe) base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64Bytes` uses the standard library [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode] functions.
+
+    As a result, attempting to decode url-safe base64 data using the `Base64Bytes` type may fail or produce an incorrect
+    decoding.
+
+/// version-changed | v2.10
+`Base64Bytes` now uses [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode]
+instead of [`base64.encodebytes()`][base64.encodebytes] and [`base64.decodebytes()`][base64.decodebytes].
+
+These methods are considered legacy implementation. If you'd still like to use these legacy encoders/decoders,
+you can achieve this by creating a custom annotated type, like follows:
+```python
+import base64
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
+
+from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
+
+from pydantic import EncodedBytes, EncoderProtocol
+
+class LegacyBase64Encoder(EncoderProtocol):
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return base64.decodebytes(data)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise PydanticCustomError(
+                'base64_decode',
+                "Base64 decoding error: '{error}'",
+                {'error': str(e)},
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def encode(cls, value: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return base64.encodebytes(value)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_json_format(cls) -> Literal['base64']:
+        return 'base64'
+
+LegacyBase64Bytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=LegacyBase64Encoder)]
+```
+///
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64Bytes, BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64_bytes: Base64Bytes
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64_bytes=b'VGhpcyBpcyB0aGUgd2F5')
+
+# Access decoded value
+print(m.base64_bytes)
+#> b'This is the way'
+
+# Serialize into the base64 form
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'base64_bytes': b'VGhpcyBpcyB0aGUgd2F5'}
+
+# Validate base64 data
+try:
+    print(Model(base64_bytes=b'undecodable').base64_bytes)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    base64_bytes
+      Base64 decoding error: 'Incorrect padding' [type=base64_decode, input_value=b'undecodable', input_type=bytes]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+Base64Str = Annotated[str, EncodedStr(encoder=Base64Encoder)]
+"""A string type that is encoded and decoded using the standard (non-URL-safe) base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64Str` uses the standard library [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode] functions.
+
+    As a result, attempting to decode url-safe base64 data using the `Base64Str` type may fail or produce an incorrect
+    decoding.
+
+/// version-changed | v2.10
+`Base64Str` now uses [`base64.b64encode()`][base64.b64encode] and [`base64.b64decode()`][base64.b64decode]
+instead of [`base64.encodebytes()`][base64.encodebytes] and [`base64.decodebytes()`][base64.decodebytes].
+
+These methods are considered legacy implementation. See the documentation about the [`Base64Bytes`][pydantic.types.Base64Bytes] type
+for more information on how to replicate the old behavior with the legacy encoders/decoders.
+///
+
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64Str, BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64_str: Base64Str
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64_str='VGhlc2UgYXJlbid0IHRoZSBkcm9pZHMgeW91J3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9y')
+
+# Access decoded value
+print(m.base64_str)
+#> These aren't the droids you're looking for
+
+# Serialize into the base64 form
+print(m.model_dump())
+#> {'base64_str': 'VGhlc2UgYXJlbid0IHRoZSBkcm9pZHMgeW91J3JlIGxvb2tpbmcgZm9y'}
+
+# Validate base64 data
+try:
+    print(Model(base64_str='undecodable').base64_str)
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    '''
+    1 validation error for Model
+    base64_str
+      Base64 decoding error: 'Incorrect padding' [type=base64_decode, input_value='undecodable', input_type=str]
+    '''
+```
+"""
+Base64UrlBytes = Annotated[bytes, EncodedBytes(encoder=Base64UrlEncoder)]
+"""A bytes type that is encoded and decoded using the URL-safe base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64UrlBytes` use standard library `base64.urlsafe_b64encode` and `base64.urlsafe_b64decode`
+    functions.
+
+    As a result, the `Base64UrlBytes` type can be used to faithfully decode "vanilla" base64 data
+    (using `'+'` and `'/'`).
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64UrlBytes, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64url_bytes: Base64UrlBytes
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64url_bytes=b'SHc_dHc-TXc==')
+print(m)
+#> base64url_bytes=b'Hw?tw>Mw'
+```
+"""
+Base64UrlStr = Annotated[str, EncodedStr(encoder=Base64UrlEncoder)]
+"""A str type that is encoded and decoded using the URL-safe base64 encoder.
+
+Note:
+    Under the hood, `Base64UrlStr` use standard library `base64.urlsafe_b64encode` and `base64.urlsafe_b64decode`
+    functions.
+
+    As a result, the `Base64UrlStr` type can be used to faithfully decode "vanilla" base64 data (using `'+'` and `'/'`).
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Base64UrlStr, BaseModel
+
+class Model(BaseModel):
+    base64url_str: Base64UrlStr
+
+# Initialize the model with base64 data
+m = Model(base64url_str='SHc_dHc-TXc==')
+print(m)
+#> base64url_str='Hw?tw>Mw'
+```
+"""
+
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true)
+class GetPydanticSchema:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Using `GetPydanticSchema` to Reduce Boilerplate](../concepts/types.md#using-getpydanticschema-to-reduce-boilerplate)
+
+    A convenience class for creating an annotation that provides pydantic custom type hooks.
+
+    This class is intended to eliminate the need to create a custom "marker" which defines the
+     `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` and `__get_pydantic_json_schema__` custom hook methods.
+
+    For example, to have a field treated by type checkers as `int`, but by pydantic as `Any`, you can do:
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, GetPydanticSchema
+
+    HandleAsAny = GetPydanticSchema(lambda _s, h: h(Any))
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        x: Annotated[int, HandleAsAny]  # pydantic sees `x: Any`
+
+    print(repr(Model(x='abc').x))
+    #> 'abc'
+    ```
+    """
+
+    get_pydantic_core_schema: Callable[[Any, GetCoreSchemaHandler], CoreSchema] | None = None
+    get_pydantic_json_schema: Callable[[Any, GetJsonSchemaHandler], JsonSchemaValue] | None = None
+
+    # Note: we may want to consider adding a convenience staticmethod `def for_type(type_: Any) -> GetPydanticSchema:`
+    #   which returns `GetPydanticSchema(lambda _s, h: h(type_))`
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # We put `__getattr__` in a non-TYPE_CHECKING block because otherwise, mypy allows arbitrary attribute access
+
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Any:
+            """Use this rather than defining `__get_pydantic_core_schema__` etc. to reduce the number of nested calls."""
+            if item == '__get_pydantic_core_schema__' and self.get_pydantic_core_schema:
+                return self.get_pydantic_core_schema
+            elif item == '__get_pydantic_json_schema__' and self.get_pydantic_json_schema:
+                return self.get_pydantic_json_schema
+            else:
+                return object.__getattribute__(self, item)
+
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class Tag:
+    """Provides a way to specify the expected tag to use for a case of a (callable) discriminated union.
+
+    Also provides a way to label a union case in error messages.
+
+    When using a callable `Discriminator`, attach a `Tag` to each case in the `Union` to specify the tag that
+    should be used to identify that case. For example, in the below example, the `Tag` is used to specify that
+    if `get_discriminator_value` returns `'apple'`, the input should be validated as an `ApplePie`, and if it
+    returns `'pumpkin'`, the input should be validated as a `PumpkinPie`.
+
+    The primary role of the `Tag` here is to map the return value from the callable `Discriminator` function to
+    the appropriate member of the `Union` in question.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Union
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Discriminator, Tag
+
+    class Pie(BaseModel):
+        time_to_cook: int
+        num_ingredients: int
+
+    class ApplePie(Pie):
+        fruit: Literal['apple'] = 'apple'
+
+    class PumpkinPie(Pie):
+        filling: Literal['pumpkin'] = 'pumpkin'
+
+    def get_discriminator_value(v: Any) -> str:
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            return v.get('fruit', v.get('filling'))
+        return getattr(v, 'fruit', getattr(v, 'filling', None))
+
+    class ThanksgivingDinner(BaseModel):
+        dessert: Annotated[
+            Union[
+                Annotated[ApplePie, Tag('apple')],
+                Annotated[PumpkinPie, Tag('pumpkin')],
+            ],
+            Discriminator(get_discriminator_value),
+        ]
+
+    apple_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {'dessert': {'fruit': 'apple', 'time_to_cook': 60, 'num_ingredients': 8}}
+    )
+    print(repr(apple_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=ApplePie(time_to_cook=60, num_ingredients=8, fruit='apple'))
+    '''
+
+    pumpkin_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {
+            'dessert': {
+                'filling': 'pumpkin',
+                'time_to_cook': 40,
+                'num_ingredients': 6,
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    print(repr(pumpkin_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=PumpkinPie(time_to_cook=40, num_ingredients=6, filling='pumpkin'))
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    !!! note
+        You must specify a `Tag` for every case in a `Tag` that is associated with a
+        callable `Discriminator`. Failing to do so will result in a `PydanticUserError` with code
+        [`callable-discriminator-no-tag`](../errors/usage_errors.md#callable-discriminator-no-tag).
+
+    See the [Discriminated Unions] concepts docs for more details on how to use `Tag`s.
+
+    [Discriminated Unions]: ../concepts/unions.md#discriminated-unions
+    """
+
+    tag: str
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        schema = handler(source_type)
+        metadata = cast('CoreMetadata', schema.setdefault('metadata', {}))
+        metadata['pydantic_internal_union_tag_key'] = self.tag
+        return schema
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass(**_internal_dataclass.slots_true, frozen=True)
+class Discriminator:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Discriminated Unions with `Callable` `Discriminator`](../concepts/unions.md#discriminated-unions-with-callable-discriminator)
+
+    Provides a way to use a custom callable as the way to extract the value of a union discriminator.
+
+    This allows you to get validation behavior like you'd get from `Field(discriminator=<field_name>)`,
+    but without needing to have a single shared field across all the union choices. This also makes it
+    possible to handle unions of models and primitive types with discriminated-union-style validation errors.
+    Finally, this allows you to use a custom callable as the way to identify which member of a union a value
+    belongs to, while still seeing all the performance benefits of a discriminated union.
+
+    Consider this example, which is much more performant with the use of `Discriminator` and thus a `TaggedUnion`
+    than it would be as a normal `Union`.
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Union
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, Discriminator, Tag
+
+    class Pie(BaseModel):
+        time_to_cook: int
+        num_ingredients: int
+
+    class ApplePie(Pie):
+        fruit: Literal['apple'] = 'apple'
+
+    class PumpkinPie(Pie):
+        filling: Literal['pumpkin'] = 'pumpkin'
+
+    def get_discriminator_value(v: Any) -> str:
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            return v.get('fruit', v.get('filling'))
+        return getattr(v, 'fruit', getattr(v, 'filling', None))
+
+    class ThanksgivingDinner(BaseModel):
+        dessert: Annotated[
+            Union[
+                Annotated[ApplePie, Tag('apple')],
+                Annotated[PumpkinPie, Tag('pumpkin')],
+            ],
+            Discriminator(get_discriminator_value),
+        ]
+
+    apple_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {'dessert': {'fruit': 'apple', 'time_to_cook': 60, 'num_ingredients': 8}}
+    )
+    print(repr(apple_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=ApplePie(time_to_cook=60, num_ingredients=8, fruit='apple'))
+    '''
+
+    pumpkin_variation = ThanksgivingDinner.model_validate(
+        {
+            'dessert': {
+                'filling': 'pumpkin',
+                'time_to_cook': 40,
+                'num_ingredients': 6,
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    print(repr(pumpkin_variation))
+    '''
+    ThanksgivingDinner(dessert=PumpkinPie(time_to_cook=40, num_ingredients=6, filling='pumpkin'))
+    '''
+    ```
+
+    See the [Discriminated Unions] concepts docs for more details on how to use `Discriminator`s.
+
+    [Discriminated Unions]: ../concepts/unions.md#discriminated-unions
+    """
+
+    discriminator: str | Callable[[Any], Hashable]
+    """The callable or field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union.
+
+    A `Callable` discriminator must extract the value of the discriminator from the input.
+    A `str` discriminator must be the name of a field to discriminate against.
+    """
+    custom_error_type: str | None = None
+    """Type to use in [custom errors](../errors/errors.md) replacing the standard discriminated union
+    validation errors.
+    """
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None
+    """Message to use in custom errors."""
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, int | str | float] | None = None
+    """Context to use in custom errors."""
+
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(self, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        if isinstance(self.discriminator, str):
+            from pydantic import Field
+
+            return handler(Annotated[source_type, Field(discriminator=self.discriminator)])
+        else:
+            original_schema = handler(source_type)
+            return self._convert_schema(original_schema, handler)
+
+    def _convert_schema(
+        self, original_schema: core_schema.CoreSchema, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler | None = None
+    ) -> core_schema.TaggedUnionSchema:
+        if handler is not None and original_schema['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+            # Same logic as `_ApplyInferredDiscriminator._apply_to_root()`
+            try:
+                def_schema = handler.resolve_ref_schema(original_schema)
+            except LookupError:  # pragma: no cover
+                from pydantic._internal._discriminated_union import MissingDefinitionForUnionRef
+
+                raise MissingDefinitionForUnionRef(original_schema['schema_ref'])
+
+            # If using a referenceable union as discriminated (e.g. `type Pet = Cat | Dog; field: Pet = Field(discriminator=...)`):
+            if def_schema['type'] == 'union':
+                original_schema = def_schema.copy()
+                original_schema.pop('ref')
+
+        if original_schema['type'] != 'union':
+            # This likely indicates that the schema was a single-item union that was simplified.
+            # In this case, we do the same thing we do in
+            # `pydantic._internal._discriminated_union._ApplyInferredDiscriminator._apply_to_root`, namely,
+            # package the generated schema back into a single-item union.
+            original_schema = core_schema.union_schema([original_schema])
+
+        tagged_union_choices = {}
+        for choice in original_schema['choices']:
+            tag = None
+            if isinstance(choice, tuple):
+                choice, tag = choice
+            metadata = cast('CoreMetadata | None', choice.get('metadata'))
+            if metadata is not None:
+                tag = metadata.get('pydantic_internal_union_tag_key') or tag
+            if tag is None:
+                # `handler` is None when this method is called from `apply_discriminator()` (deferred discriminators)
+                if handler is not None and choice['type'] == 'definition-ref':
+                    # If choice was built from a PEP 695 type alias, try to resolve the def:
+                    try:
+                        choice = handler.resolve_ref_schema(choice)
+                    except LookupError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        metadata = cast('CoreMetadata | None', choice.get('metadata'))
+                        if metadata is not None:
+                            tag = metadata.get('pydantic_internal_union_tag_key')
+
+                if tag is None:
+                    raise PydanticUserError(
+                        f'`Tag` not provided for choice {choice} used with `Discriminator`',
+                        code='callable-discriminator-no-tag',
+                    )
+            tagged_union_choices[tag] = choice
+
+        # Have to do these verbose checks to ensure falsy values ('' and {}) don't get ignored
+        custom_error_type = self.custom_error_type
+        if custom_error_type is None:
+            custom_error_type = original_schema.get('custom_error_type')
+
+        custom_error_message = self.custom_error_message
+        if custom_error_message is None:
+            custom_error_message = original_schema.get('custom_error_message')
+
+        custom_error_context = self.custom_error_context
+        if custom_error_context is None:
+            custom_error_context = original_schema.get('custom_error_context')
+
+        custom_error_type = original_schema.get('custom_error_type') if custom_error_type is None else custom_error_type
+        return core_schema.tagged_union_schema(
+            tagged_union_choices,
+            self.discriminator,
+            custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+            custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+            custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+            strict=original_schema.get('strict'),
+            ref=original_schema.get('ref'),
+            metadata=original_schema.get('metadata'),
+            serialization=original_schema.get('serialization'),
+        )
+
+
+_JSON_TYPES = {int, float, str, bool, list, dict, type(None)}
+
+
+def _get_type_name(x: Any) -> str:
+    type_ = type(x)
+    if type_ in _JSON_TYPES:
+        return type_.__name__
+
+    # Handle proper subclasses; note we don't need to handle None or bool here
+    if isinstance(x, int):
+        return 'int'
+    if isinstance(x, float):
+        return 'float'
+    if isinstance(x, str):
+        return 'str'
+    if isinstance(x, list):
+        return 'list'
+    if isinstance(x, dict):
+        return 'dict'
+
+    # Fail by returning the type's actual name
+    return getattr(type_, '__name__', '<no type name>')
+
+
+class _AllowAnyJson:
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        python_schema = handler(source_type)
+        return core_schema.json_or_python_schema(json_schema=core_schema.any_schema(), python_schema=python_schema)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # This seems to only be necessary for mypy
+    JsonValue: TypeAlias = Union[
+        list['JsonValue'],
+        dict[str, 'JsonValue'],
+        str,
+        bool,
+        int,
+        float,
+        None,
+    ]
+    """A `JsonValue` is used to represent a value that can be serialized to JSON.
+
+    It may be one of:
+
+    * `list['JsonValue']`
+    * `dict[str, 'JsonValue']`
+    * `str`
+    * `bool`
+    * `int`
+    * `float`
+    * `None`
+
+    The following example demonstrates how to use `JsonValue` to validate JSON data,
+    and what kind of errors to expect when input data is not json serializable.
+
+    ```python
+    import json
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, JsonValue, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        j: JsonValue
+
+    valid_json_data = {'j': {'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': [2, None]}}}}
+    invalid_json_data = {'j': {'a': {'b': ...}}}
+
+    print(repr(Model.model_validate(valid_json_data)))
+    #> Model(j={'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': [2, None]}}})
+    print(repr(Model.model_validate_json(json.dumps(valid_json_data))))
+    #> Model(j={'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': [2, None]}}})
+
+    try:
+        Model.model_validate(invalid_json_data)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        j.dict.a.dict.b
+          input was not a valid JSON value [type=invalid-json-value, input_value=Ellipsis, input_type=ellipsis]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+else:
+    JsonValue = TypeAliasType(
+        'JsonValue',
+        Annotated[
+            Union[
+                Annotated[list['JsonValue'], Tag('list')],
+                Annotated[dict[str, 'JsonValue'], Tag('dict')],
+                Annotated[str, Tag('str')],
+                Annotated[bool, Tag('bool')],
+                Annotated[int, Tag('int')],
+                Annotated[float, Tag('float')],
+                Annotated[None, Tag('NoneType')],
+            ],
+            Discriminator(
+                _get_type_name,
+                custom_error_type='invalid-json-value',
+                custom_error_message='input was not a valid JSON value',
+            ),
+            _AllowAnyJson,
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+class _OnErrorOmit:
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(cls, source_type: Any, handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler) -> CoreSchema:
+        # there is no actual default value here but we use with_default_schema since it already has the on_error
+        # behavior implemented and it would be no more efficient to implement it on every other validator
+        # or as a standalone validator
+        return core_schema.with_default_schema(schema=handler(source_type), on_error='omit')
+
+
+OnErrorOmit = Annotated[T, _OnErrorOmit]
+"""
+When used as an item in a list, the key type in a dict, optional values of a TypedDict, etc.
+this annotation omits the item from the iteration if there is any error validating it.
+That is, instead of a [`ValidationError`][pydantic_core.ValidationError] being propagated up and the entire iterable being discarded
+any invalid items are discarded and the valid ones are returned.
+"""
+
+
+@_dataclasses.dataclass
+class FailFast(_fields.PydanticMetadata, BaseMetadata):
+    """A `FailFast` annotation can be used to specify that validation should stop at the first error.
+
+    This can be useful when you want to validate a large amount of data and you only need to know if it's valid or not.
+
+    You might want to enable this setting if you want to validate your data faster (basically, if you use this,
+    validation will be more performant with the caveat that you get less information).
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic import BaseModel, FailFast, ValidationError
+
+    class Model(BaseModel):
+        x: Annotated[list[int], FailFast()]
+
+    # This will raise a single error for the first invalid value and stop validation
+    try:
+        obj = Model(x=[1, 2, 'a', 4, 5, 'b', 7, 8, 9, 'c'])
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        print(e)
+        '''
+        1 validation error for Model
+        x.2
+          Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer [type=int_parsing, input_value='a', input_type=str]
+        '''
+    ```
+    """
+
+    fail_fast: bool = True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/typing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bda22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""`typing` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d1e2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `utils` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ad3f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+from pydantic.v1 import dataclasses
+from pydantic.v1.annotated_types import create_model_from_namedtuple, create_model_from_typeddict
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import root_validator, validator
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, ConfigDict, Extra
+from pydantic.v1.decorator import validate_arguments
+from pydantic.v1.env_settings import BaseSettings
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ValidationError
+from pydantic.v1.errors import *
+from pydantic.v1.fields import Field, PrivateAttr, Required
+from pydantic.v1.main import *
+from pydantic.v1.networks import *
+from pydantic.v1.parse import Protocol
+from pydantic.v1.tools import *
+from pydantic.v1.types import *
+from pydantic.v1.version import VERSION, compiled
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+
+# WARNING __all__ from pydantic.errors is not included here, it will be removed as an export here in v2
+# please use "from pydantic.v1.errors import ..." instead
+__all__ = [
+    # annotated types utils
+    'create_model_from_namedtuple',
+    'create_model_from_typeddict',
+    # dataclasses
+    'dataclasses',
+    # class_validators
+    'root_validator',
+    'validator',
+    # config
+    'BaseConfig',
+    'ConfigDict',
+    'Extra',
+    # decorator
+    'validate_arguments',
+    # env_settings
+    'BaseSettings',
+    # error_wrappers
+    'ValidationError',
+    # fields
+    'Field',
+    'Required',
+    # main
+    'BaseModel',
+    'create_model',
+    'validate_model',
+    # network
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'stricturl',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+    # parse
+    'Protocol',
+    # tools
+    'parse_file_as',
+    'parse_obj_as',
+    'parse_raw_as',
+    'schema_of',
+    'schema_json_of',
+    # types
+    'NoneStr',
+    'NoneBytes',
+    'StrBytes',
+    'NoneStrBytes',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'ConstrainedBytes',
+    'conbytes',
+    'ConstrainedList',
+    'conlist',
+    'ConstrainedSet',
+    'conset',
+    'ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'ConstrainedStr',
+    'constr',
+    'PyObject',
+    'ConstrainedInt',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'ConstrainedFloat',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'condecimal',
+    'ConstrainedDate',
+    'condate',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'Json',
+    'JsonWrapper',
+    'SecretField',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'PrivateAttr',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    # version
+    'compiled',
+    'VERSION',
+]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/_hypothesis_plugin.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/_hypothesis_plugin.py
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+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/_hypothesis_plugin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+"""
+Register Hypothesis strategies for Pydantic custom types.
+
+This enables fully-automatic generation of test data for most Pydantic classes.
+
+Note that this module has *no* runtime impact on Pydantic itself; instead it
+is registered as a setuptools entry point and Hypothesis will import it if
+Pydantic is installed.  See also:
+
+https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/strategies.html#registering-strategies-via-setuptools-entry-points
+https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/data.html#hypothesis.strategies.register_type_strategy
+https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/strategies.html#interaction-with-pytest-cov
+https://docs.pydantic.dev/usage/types/#pydantic-types
+
+Note that because our motivation is to *improve user experience*, the strategies
+are always sound (never generate invalid data) but sacrifice completeness for
+maintainability (ie may be unable to generate some tricky but valid data).
+
+Finally, this module makes liberal use of `# type: ignore[<code>]` pragmas.
+This is because Hypothesis annotates `register_type_strategy()` with
+`(T, SearchStrategy[T])`, but in most cases we register e.g. `ConstrainedInt`
+to generate instances of the builtin `int` type which match the constraints.
+"""
+
+import contextlib
+import datetime
+import ipaddress
+import json
+import math
+from fractions import Fraction
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Type, Union, cast, overload
+
+import hypothesis.strategies as st
+
+import pydantic
+import pydantic.color
+import pydantic.types
+from pydantic.v1.utils import lenient_issubclass
+
+# FilePath and DirectoryPath are explicitly unsupported, as we'd have to create
+# them on-disk, and that's unsafe in general without being told *where* to do so.
+#
+# URLs are unsupported because it's easy for users to define their own strategy for
+# "normal" URLs, and hard for us to define a general strategy which includes "weird"
+# URLs but doesn't also have unpredictable performance problems.
+#
+# conlist() and conset() are unsupported for now, because the workarounds for
+# Cython and Hypothesis to handle parametrized generic types are incompatible.
+# We are rethinking Hypothesis compatibility in Pydantic v2.
+
+# Emails
+try:
+    import email_validator
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+else:
+
+    def is_valid_email(s: str) -> bool:
+        # Hypothesis' st.emails() occasionally generates emails like 0@A0--0.ac
+        # that are invalid according to email-validator, so we filter those out.
+        try:
+            email_validator.validate_email(s, check_deliverability=False)
+            return True
+        except email_validator.EmailNotValidError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return False
+
+    # Note that these strategies deliberately stay away from any tricky Unicode
+    # or other encoding issues; we're just trying to generate *something* valid.
+    st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.EmailStr, st.emails().filter(is_valid_email))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    st.register_type_strategy(
+        pydantic.NameEmail,
+        st.builds(
+            '{} <{}>'.format,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            st.from_regex('[A-Za-z0-9_]+( [A-Za-z0-9_]+){0,5}', fullmatch=True),
+            st.emails().filter(is_valid_email),
+        ),
+    )
+
+# PyObject - dotted names, in this case taken from the math module.
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.PyObject,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    st.sampled_from(
+        [cast(pydantic.PyObject, f'math.{name}') for name in sorted(vars(math)) if not name.startswith('_')]
+    ),
+)
+
+# CSS3 Colors; as name, hex, rgb(a) tuples or strings, or hsl strings
+_color_regexes = (
+    '|'.join(
+        (
+            pydantic.color.r_hex_short,
+            pydantic.color.r_hex_long,
+            pydantic.color.r_rgb,
+            pydantic.color.r_rgba,
+            pydantic.color.r_hsl,
+            pydantic.color.r_hsla,
+        )
+    )
+    # Use more precise regex patterns to avoid value-out-of-range errors
+    .replace(pydantic.color._r_sl, r'(?:(\d\d?(?:\.\d+)?|100(?:\.0+)?)%)')
+    .replace(pydantic.color._r_alpha, r'(?:(0(?:\.\d+)?|1(?:\.0+)?|\.\d+|\d{1,2}%))')
+    .replace(pydantic.color._r_255, r'(?:((?:\d|\d\d|[01]\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4])(?:\.\d+)?|255(?:\.0+)?))')
+)
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.color.Color,
+    st.one_of(
+        st.sampled_from(sorted(pydantic.color.COLORS_BY_NAME)),
+        st.tuples(
+            st.integers(0, 255),
+            st.integers(0, 255),
+            st.integers(0, 255),
+            st.none() | st.floats(0, 1) | st.floats(0, 100).map('{}%'.format),
+        ),
+        st.from_regex(_color_regexes, fullmatch=True),
+    ),
+)
+
+
+# Card numbers, valid according to the Luhn algorithm
+
+
+def add_luhn_digit(card_number: str) -> str:
+    # See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm
+    for digit in '0123456789':
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+            pydantic.PaymentCardNumber.validate_luhn_check_digit(card_number + digit)
+            return card_number + digit
+    raise AssertionError('Unreachable')  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+card_patterns = (
+    # Note that these patterns omit the Luhn check digit; that's added by the function above
+    '4[0-9]{14}',  # Visa
+    '5[12345][0-9]{13}',  # Mastercard
+    '3[47][0-9]{12}',  # American Express
+    '[0-26-9][0-9]{10,17}',  # other (incomplete to avoid overlap)
+)
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.PaymentCardNumber,
+    st.from_regex('|'.join(card_patterns), fullmatch=True).map(add_luhn_digit),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+)
+
+# UUIDs
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID1, st.uuids(version=1))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID3, st.uuids(version=3))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID4, st.uuids(version=4))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.UUID5, st.uuids(version=5))
+
+# Secrets
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.SecretBytes, st.binary().map(pydantic.SecretBytes))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.SecretStr, st.text().map(pydantic.SecretStr))
+
+# IP addresses, networks, and interfaces
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.IPvAnyAddress, st.ip_addresses())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.IPvAnyInterface,
+    st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv4Interface) | st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv6Interface),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+)
+st.register_type_strategy(
+    pydantic.IPvAnyNetwork,
+    st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv4Network) | st.from_type(ipaddress.IPv6Network),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+)
+
+# We hook into the con***() functions and the ConstrainedNumberMeta metaclass,
+# so here we only have to register subclasses for other constrained types which
+# don't go via those mechanisms.  Then there are the registration hooks below.
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.StrictBool, st.booleans())
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.StrictStr, st.text())
+
+
+# FutureDate, PastDate
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.FutureDate, st.dates(min_value=datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)))
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.PastDate, st.dates(max_value=datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)))
+
+
+# Constrained-type resolver functions
+#
+# For these ones, we actually want to inspect the type in order to work out a
+# satisfying strategy.  First up, the machinery for tracking resolver functions:
+
+RESOLVERS: Dict[type, Callable[[type], st.SearchStrategy]] = {}  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: Type[pydantic.types.T]) -> Type[pydantic.types.T]:
+    pass
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta) -> pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta:
+    pass
+
+
+def _registered(
+    typ: Union[Type[pydantic.types.T], pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta]
+) -> Union[Type[pydantic.types.T], pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta]:
+    # This function replaces the version in `pydantic.types`, in order to
+    # effect the registration of new constrained types so that Hypothesis
+    # can generate valid examples.
+    pydantic.types._DEFINED_TYPES.add(typ)
+    for supertype, resolver in RESOLVERS.items():
+        if issubclass(typ, supertype):
+            st.register_type_strategy(typ, resolver(typ))  # type: ignore
+            return typ
+    raise NotImplementedError(f'Unknown type {typ!r} has no resolver to register')  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def resolves(
+    typ: Union[type, pydantic.types.ConstrainedNumberMeta]
+) -> Callable[[Callable[..., st.SearchStrategy]], Callable[..., st.SearchStrategy]]:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    def inner(f):  # type: ignore
+        assert f not in RESOLVERS
+        RESOLVERS[typ] = f
+        return f
+
+    return inner
+
+
+# Type-to-strategy resolver functions
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.JsonWrapper)
+def resolve_json(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    try:
+        inner = st.none() if cls.inner_type is None else st.from_type(cls.inner_type)
+    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+        finite = st.floats(allow_infinity=False, allow_nan=False)
+        inner = st.recursive(
+            base=st.one_of(st.none(), st.booleans(), st.integers(), finite, st.text()),
+            extend=lambda x: st.lists(x) | st.dictionaries(st.text(), x),  # type: ignore
+        )
+    inner_type = getattr(cls, 'inner_type', None)
+    return st.builds(
+        cls.inner_type.json if lenient_issubclass(inner_type, pydantic.BaseModel) else json.dumps,
+        inner,
+        ensure_ascii=st.booleans(),
+        indent=st.none() | st.integers(0, 16),
+        sort_keys=st.booleans(),
+    )
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedBytes)
+def resolve_conbytes(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]  # pragma: no cover
+    min_size = cls.min_length or 0
+    max_size = cls.max_length
+    if not cls.strip_whitespace:
+        return st.binary(min_size=min_size, max_size=max_size)
+    # Fun with regex to ensure we neither start nor end with whitespace
+    repeats = '{{{},{}}}'.format(
+        min_size - 2 if min_size > 2 else 0,
+        max_size - 2 if (max_size or 0) > 2 else '',
+    )
+    if min_size >= 2:
+        pattern = rf'\W.{repeats}\W'
+    elif min_size == 1:
+        pattern = rf'\W(.{repeats}\W)?'
+    else:
+        assert min_size == 0
+        pattern = rf'(\W(.{repeats}\W)?)?'
+    return st.from_regex(pattern.encode(), fullmatch=True)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedDecimal)
+def resolve_condecimal(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    min_value = cls.ge
+    max_value = cls.le
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        assert min_value is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.gt
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        assert max_value is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.lt
+    s = st.decimals(min_value, max_value, allow_nan=False, places=cls.decimal_places)
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        s = s.filter(lambda d: d < cls.lt)
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        s = s.filter(lambda d: cls.gt < d)
+    return s
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedFloat)
+def resolve_confloat(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    min_value = cls.ge
+    max_value = cls.le
+    exclude_min = False
+    exclude_max = False
+
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        assert min_value is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.gt
+        exclude_min = True
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        assert max_value is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.lt
+        exclude_max = True
+
+    if cls.multiple_of is None:
+        return st.floats(min_value, max_value, exclude_min=exclude_min, exclude_max=exclude_max, allow_nan=False)
+
+    if min_value is not None:
+        min_value = math.ceil(min_value / cls.multiple_of)
+        if exclude_min:
+            min_value = min_value + 1
+    if max_value is not None:
+        assert max_value >= cls.multiple_of, 'Cannot build model with max value smaller than multiple of'
+        max_value = math.floor(max_value / cls.multiple_of)
+        if exclude_max:
+            max_value = max_value - 1
+
+    return st.integers(min_value, max_value).map(lambda x: x * cls.multiple_of)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedInt)
+def resolve_conint(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    min_value = cls.ge
+    max_value = cls.le
+    if cls.gt is not None:
+        assert min_value is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.gt + 1
+    if cls.lt is not None:
+        assert max_value is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.lt - 1
+
+    if cls.multiple_of is None or cls.multiple_of == 1:
+        return st.integers(min_value, max_value)
+
+    # These adjustments and the .map handle integer-valued multiples, while the
+    # .filter handles trickier cases as for confloat.
+    if min_value is not None:
+        min_value = math.ceil(Fraction(min_value) / Fraction(cls.multiple_of))
+    if max_value is not None:
+        max_value = math.floor(Fraction(max_value) / Fraction(cls.multiple_of))
+    return st.integers(min_value, max_value).map(lambda x: x * cls.multiple_of)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedDate)
+def resolve_condate(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    if cls.ge is not None:
+        assert cls.gt is None, 'Set `gt` or `ge`, but not both'
+        min_value = cls.ge
+    elif cls.gt is not None:
+        min_value = cls.gt + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    else:
+        min_value = datetime.date.min
+    if cls.le is not None:
+        assert cls.lt is None, 'Set `lt` or `le`, but not both'
+        max_value = cls.le
+    elif cls.lt is not None:
+        max_value = cls.lt - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    else:
+        max_value = datetime.date.max
+    return st.dates(min_value, max_value)
+
+
+@resolves(pydantic.ConstrainedStr)
+def resolve_constr(cls):  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]  # pragma: no cover
+    min_size = cls.min_length or 0
+    max_size = cls.max_length
+
+    if cls.regex is None and not cls.strip_whitespace:
+        return st.text(min_size=min_size, max_size=max_size)
+
+    if cls.regex is not None:
+        strategy = st.from_regex(cls.regex)
+        if cls.strip_whitespace:
+            strategy = strategy.filter(lambda s: s == s.strip())
+    elif cls.strip_whitespace:
+        repeats = '{{{},{}}}'.format(
+            min_size - 2 if min_size > 2 else 0,
+            max_size - 2 if (max_size or 0) > 2 else '',
+        )
+        if min_size >= 2:
+            strategy = st.from_regex(rf'\W.{repeats}\W')
+        elif min_size == 1:
+            strategy = st.from_regex(rf'\W(.{repeats}\W)?')
+        else:
+            assert min_size == 0
+            strategy = st.from_regex(rf'(\W(.{repeats}\W)?)?')
+
+    if min_size == 0 and max_size is None:
+        return strategy
+    elif max_size is None:
+        return strategy.filter(lambda s: min_size <= len(s))
+    return strategy.filter(lambda s: min_size <= len(s) <= max_size)
+
+
+# Finally, register all previously-defined types, and patch in our new function
+for typ in list(pydantic.types._DEFINED_TYPES):
+    _registered(typ)
+pydantic.types._registered = _registered
+st.register_type_strategy(pydantic.Json, resolve_json)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/annotated_types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/annotated_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9eaaaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/annotated_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, FrozenSet, NamedTuple, Type
+
+from pydantic.v1.fields import Required
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel, create_model
+from pydantic.v1.typing import is_typeddict, is_typeddict_special
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+
+    def is_legacy_typeddict(typeddict_cls: Type['TypedDict']) -> bool:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        return is_typeddict(typeddict_cls) and type(typeddict_cls).__module__ == 'typing'
+
+else:
+
+    def is_legacy_typeddict(_: Any) -> Any:
+        return False
+
+
+def create_model_from_typeddict(
+    # Mypy bug: `Type[TypedDict]` is resolved as `Any` https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/11030
+    typeddict_cls: Type['TypedDict'],  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    """
+    Create a `BaseModel` based on the fields of a `TypedDict`.
+    Since `typing.TypedDict` in Python 3.8 does not store runtime information about optional keys,
+    we raise an error if this happens (see https://bugs.python.org/issue38834).
+    """
+    field_definitions: Dict[str, Any]
+
+    # Best case scenario: with python 3.9+ or when `TypedDict` is imported from `typing_extensions`
+    if not hasattr(typeddict_cls, '__required_keys__'):
+        raise TypeError(
+            'You should use `typing_extensions.TypedDict` instead of `typing.TypedDict` with Python < 3.9.2. '
+            'Without it, there is no way to differentiate required and optional fields when subclassed.'
+        )
+
+    if is_legacy_typeddict(typeddict_cls) and any(
+        is_typeddict_special(t) for t in typeddict_cls.__annotations__.values()
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(
+            'You should use `typing_extensions.TypedDict` instead of `typing.TypedDict` with Python < 3.11. '
+            'Without it, there is no way to reflect Required/NotRequired keys.'
+        )
+
+    required_keys: FrozenSet[str] = typeddict_cls.__required_keys__  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    field_definitions = {
+        field_name: (field_type, Required if field_name in required_keys else None)
+        for field_name, field_type in typeddict_cls.__annotations__.items()
+    }
+
+    return create_model(typeddict_cls.__name__, **kwargs, **field_definitions)
+
+
+def create_model_from_namedtuple(namedtuple_cls: Type['NamedTuple'], **kwargs: Any) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    """
+    Create a `BaseModel` based on the fields of a named tuple.
+    A named tuple can be created with `typing.NamedTuple` and declared annotations
+    but also with `collections.namedtuple`, in this case we consider all fields
+    to have type `Any`.
+    """
+    # With python 3.10+, `__annotations__` always exists but can be empty hence the `getattr... or...` logic
+    namedtuple_annotations: Dict[str, Type[Any]] = getattr(namedtuple_cls, '__annotations__', None) or {
+        k: Any for k in namedtuple_cls._fields
+    }
+    field_definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        field_name: (field_type, Required) for field_name, field_type in namedtuple_annotations.items()
+    }
+    return create_model(namedtuple_cls.__name__, **kwargs, **field_definitions)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/class_validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/class_validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f68fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/class_validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+import warnings
+from collections import ChainMap
+from functools import partial, partialmethod, wraps
+from itertools import chain
+from types import FunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union, overload
+
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError
+from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyCallable
+from pydantic.v1.utils import ROOT_KEY, in_ipython
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyClassMethod
+
+
+class Validator:
+    __slots__ = 'func', 'pre', 'each_item', 'always', 'check_fields', 'skip_on_failure'
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func: AnyCallable,
+        pre: bool = False,
+        each_item: bool = False,
+        always: bool = False,
+        check_fields: bool = False,
+        skip_on_failure: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.func = func
+        self.pre = pre
+        self.each_item = each_item
+        self.always = always
+        self.check_fields = check_fields
+        self.skip_on_failure = skip_on_failure
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+
+    ValidatorCallable = Callable[[Optional[ModelOrDc], Any, Dict[str, Any], ModelField, Type[BaseConfig]], Any]
+    ValidatorsList = List[ValidatorCallable]
+    ValidatorListDict = Dict[str, List[Validator]]
+
+_FUNCS: Set[str] = set()
+VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY = '__validator_config__'
+ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY = '__root_validator_config__'
+
+
+def validator(
+    *fields: str,
+    pre: bool = False,
+    each_item: bool = False,
+    always: bool = False,
+    check_fields: bool = True,
+    whole: Optional[bool] = None,
+    allow_reuse: bool = False,
+) -> Callable[[AnyCallable], 'AnyClassMethod']:
+    """
+    Decorate methods on the class indicating that they should be used to validate fields
+    :param fields: which field(s) the method should be called on
+    :param pre: whether or not this validator should be called before the standard validators (else after)
+    :param each_item: for complex objects (sets, lists etc.) whether to validate individual elements rather than the
+      whole object
+    :param always: whether this method and other validators should be called even if the value is missing
+    :param check_fields: whether to check that the fields actually exist on the model
+    :param allow_reuse: whether to track and raise an error if another validator refers to the decorated function
+    """
+    if not fields:
+        raise ConfigError('validator with no fields specified')
+    elif isinstance(fields[0], FunctionType):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            "validators should be used with fields and keyword arguments, not bare. "  # noqa: Q000
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name>', ...)`"
+        )
+    elif not all(isinstance(field, str) for field in fields):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            "validator fields should be passed as separate string args. "  # noqa: Q000
+            "E.g. usage should be `@validator('<field_name_1>', '<field_name_2>', ...)`"
+        )
+
+    if whole is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The "whole" keyword argument is deprecated, use "each_item" (inverse meaning, default False) instead',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        assert each_item is False, '"each_item" and "whole" conflict, remove "whole"'
+        each_item = not whole
+
+    def dec(f: AnyCallable) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+        f_cls = _prepare_validator(f, allow_reuse)
+        setattr(
+            f_cls,
+            VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY,
+            (
+                fields,
+                Validator(func=f_cls.__func__, pre=pre, each_item=each_item, always=always, check_fields=check_fields),
+            ),
+        )
+        return f_cls
+
+    return dec
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(_func: AnyCallable) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def root_validator(
+    *, pre: bool = False, allow_reuse: bool = False, skip_on_failure: bool = False
+) -> Callable[[AnyCallable], 'AnyClassMethod']:
+    ...
+
+
+def root_validator(
+    _func: Optional[AnyCallable] = None, *, pre: bool = False, allow_reuse: bool = False, skip_on_failure: bool = False
+) -> Union['AnyClassMethod', Callable[[AnyCallable], 'AnyClassMethod']]:
+    """
+    Decorate methods on a model indicating that they should be used to validate (and perhaps modify) data either
+    before or after standard model parsing/validation is performed.
+    """
+    if _func:
+        f_cls = _prepare_validator(_func, allow_reuse)
+        setattr(
+            f_cls, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, Validator(func=f_cls.__func__, pre=pre, skip_on_failure=skip_on_failure)
+        )
+        return f_cls
+
+    def dec(f: AnyCallable) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+        f_cls = _prepare_validator(f, allow_reuse)
+        setattr(
+            f_cls, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, Validator(func=f_cls.__func__, pre=pre, skip_on_failure=skip_on_failure)
+        )
+        return f_cls
+
+    return dec
+
+
+def _prepare_validator(function: AnyCallable, allow_reuse: bool) -> 'AnyClassMethod':
+    """
+    Avoid validators with duplicated names since without this, validators can be overwritten silently
+    which generally isn't the intended behaviour, don't run in ipython (see #312) or if allow_reuse is False.
+    """
+    f_cls = function if isinstance(function, classmethod) else classmethod(function)
+    if not in_ipython() and not allow_reuse:
+        ref = (
+            getattr(f_cls.__func__, '__module__', '<No __module__>')
+            + '.'
+            + getattr(f_cls.__func__, '__qualname__', f'<No __qualname__: id:{id(f_cls.__func__)}>')
+        )
+        if ref in _FUNCS:
+            raise ConfigError(f'duplicate validator function "{ref}"; if this is intended, set `allow_reuse=True`')
+        _FUNCS.add(ref)
+    return f_cls
+
+
+class ValidatorGroup:
+    def __init__(self, validators: 'ValidatorListDict') -> None:
+        self.validators = validators
+        self.used_validators = {'*'}
+
+    def get_validators(self, name: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Validator]]:
+        self.used_validators.add(name)
+        validators = self.validators.get(name, [])
+        if name != ROOT_KEY:
+            validators += self.validators.get('*', [])
+        if validators:
+            return {getattr(v.func, '__name__', f'<No __name__: id:{id(v.func)}>'): v for v in validators}
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def check_for_unused(self) -> None:
+        unused_validators = set(
+            chain.from_iterable(
+                (
+                    getattr(v.func, '__name__', f'<No __name__: id:{id(v.func)}>')
+                    for v in self.validators[f]
+                    if v.check_fields
+                )
+                for f in (self.validators.keys() - self.used_validators)
+            )
+        )
+        if unused_validators:
+            fn = ', '.join(unused_validators)
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f"Validators defined with incorrect fields: {fn} "  # noqa: Q000
+                f"(use check_fields=False if you're inheriting from the model and intended this)"
+            )
+
+
+def extract_validators(namespace: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, List[Validator]]:
+    validators: Dict[str, List[Validator]] = {}
+    for var_name, value in namespace.items():
+        validator_config = getattr(value, VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, None)
+        if validator_config:
+            fields, v = validator_config
+            for field in fields:
+                if field in validators:
+                    validators[field].append(v)
+                else:
+                    validators[field] = [v]
+    return validators
+
+
+def extract_root_validators(namespace: Dict[str, Any]) -> Tuple[List[AnyCallable], List[Tuple[bool, AnyCallable]]]:
+    from inspect import signature
+
+    pre_validators: List[AnyCallable] = []
+    post_validators: List[Tuple[bool, AnyCallable]] = []
+    for name, value in namespace.items():
+        validator_config: Optional[Validator] = getattr(value, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY, None)
+        if validator_config:
+            sig = signature(validator_config.func)
+            args = list(sig.parameters.keys())
+            if args[0] == 'self':
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    f'Invalid signature for root validator {name}: {sig}, "self" not permitted as first argument, '
+                    f'should be: (cls, values).'
+                )
+            if len(args) != 2:
+                raise ConfigError(f'Invalid signature for root validator {name}: {sig}, should be: (cls, values).')
+            # check function signature
+            if validator_config.pre:
+                pre_validators.append(validator_config.func)
+            else:
+                post_validators.append((validator_config.skip_on_failure, validator_config.func))
+    return pre_validators, post_validators
+
+
+def inherit_validators(base_validators: 'ValidatorListDict', validators: 'ValidatorListDict') -> 'ValidatorListDict':
+    for field, field_validators in base_validators.items():
+        if field not in validators:
+            validators[field] = []
+        validators[field] += field_validators
+    return validators
+
+
+def make_generic_validator(validator: AnyCallable) -> 'ValidatorCallable':
+    """
+    Make a generic function which calls a validator with the right arguments.
+
+    Unfortunately other approaches (eg. return a partial of a function that builds the arguments) is slow,
+    hence this laborious way of doing things.
+
+    It's done like this so validators don't all need **kwargs in their signature, eg. any combination of
+    the arguments "values", "fields" and/or "config" are permitted.
+    """
+    from inspect import signature
+
+    if not isinstance(validator, (partial, partialmethod)):
+        # This should be the default case, so overhead is reduced
+        sig = signature(validator)
+        args = list(sig.parameters.keys())
+    else:
+        # Fix the generated argument lists of partial methods
+        sig = signature(validator.func)
+        args = [
+            k
+            for k in signature(validator.func).parameters.keys()
+            if k not in validator.args | validator.keywords.keys()
+        ]
+
+    first_arg = args.pop(0)
+    if first_arg == 'self':
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Invalid signature for validator {validator}: {sig}, "self" not permitted as first argument, '
+            f'should be: (cls, value, values, config, field), "values", "config" and "field" are all optional.'
+        )
+    elif first_arg == 'cls':
+        # assume the second argument is value
+        return wraps(validator)(_generic_validator_cls(validator, sig, set(args[1:])))
+    else:
+        # assume the first argument was value which has already been removed
+        return wraps(validator)(_generic_validator_basic(validator, sig, set(args)))
+
+
+def prep_validators(v_funcs: Iterable[AnyCallable]) -> 'ValidatorsList':
+    return [make_generic_validator(f) for f in v_funcs if f]
+
+
+all_kwargs = {'values', 'field', 'config'}
+
+
+def _generic_validator_cls(validator: AnyCallable, sig: 'Signature', args: Set[str]) -> 'ValidatorCallable':
+    # assume the first argument is value
+    has_kwargs = False
+    if 'kwargs' in args:
+        has_kwargs = True
+        args -= {'kwargs'}
+
+    if not args.issubset(all_kwargs):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Invalid signature for validator {validator}: {sig}, should be: '
+            f'(cls, value, values, config, field), "values", "config" and "field" are all optional.'
+        )
+
+    if has_kwargs:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+    elif args == set():
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v)
+    elif args == {'values'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values)
+    elif args == {'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, field=field)
+    elif args == {'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, config=config)
+    elif args == {'values', 'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, field=field)
+    elif args == {'values', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, config=config)
+    elif args == {'field', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, field=field, config=config)
+    else:
+        # args == {'values', 'field', 'config'}
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(cls, v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+
+
+def _generic_validator_basic(validator: AnyCallable, sig: 'Signature', args: Set[str]) -> 'ValidatorCallable':
+    has_kwargs = False
+    if 'kwargs' in args:
+        has_kwargs = True
+        args -= {'kwargs'}
+
+    if not args.issubset(all_kwargs):
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Invalid signature for validator {validator}: {sig}, should be: '
+            f'(value, values, config, field), "values", "config" and "field" are all optional.'
+        )
+
+    if has_kwargs:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+    elif args == set():
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v)
+    elif args == {'values'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values)
+    elif args == {'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, field=field)
+    elif args == {'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, config=config)
+    elif args == {'values', 'field'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, field=field)
+    elif args == {'values', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, config=config)
+    elif args == {'field', 'config'}:
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, field=field, config=config)
+    else:
+        # args == {'values', 'field', 'config'}
+        return lambda cls, v, values, field, config: validator(v, values=values, field=field, config=config)
+
+
+def gather_all_validators(type_: 'ModelOrDc') -> Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod']:
+    all_attributes = ChainMap(*[cls.__dict__ for cls in type_.__mro__])  # type: ignore[arg-type,var-annotated]
+    return {
+        k: v
+        for k, v in all_attributes.items()
+        if hasattr(v, VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY) or hasattr(v, ROOT_VALIDATOR_CONFIG_KEY)
+    }
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/color.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/color.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0bbf78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/color.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+"""
+Color definitions are  used as per CSS3 specification:
+http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color
+
+A few colors have multiple names referring to the sames colors, eg. `grey` and `gray` or `aqua` and `cyan`.
+
+In these cases the LAST color when sorted alphabetically takes preferences,
+eg. Color((0, 255, 255)).as_named() == 'cyan' because "cyan" comes after "aqua".
+"""
+import math
+import re
+from colorsys import hls_to_rgb, rgb_to_hls
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ColorError
+from pydantic.v1.utils import Representation, almost_equal_floats
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import CallableGenerator, ReprArgs
+
+ColorTuple = Union[Tuple[int, int, int], Tuple[int, int, int, float]]
+ColorType = Union[ColorTuple, str]
+HslColorTuple = Union[Tuple[float, float, float], Tuple[float, float, float, float]]
+
+
+class RGBA:
+    """
+    Internal use only as a representation of a color.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = 'r', 'g', 'b', 'alpha', '_tuple'
+
+    def __init__(self, r: float, g: float, b: float, alpha: Optional[float]):
+        self.r = r
+        self.g = g
+        self.b = b
+        self.alpha = alpha
+
+        self._tuple: Tuple[float, float, float, Optional[float]] = (r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any:
+        return self._tuple[item]
+
+
+# these are not compiled here to avoid import slowdown, they'll be compiled the first time they're used, then cached
+r_hex_short = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])([0-9a-f])?\s*'
+r_hex_long = r'\s*(?:#|0x)?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})?\s*'
+_r_255 = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)'
+_r_comma = r'\s*,\s*'
+r_rgb = fr'\s*rgb\(\s*{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}\)\s*'
+_r_alpha = r'(\d(?:\.\d+)?|\.\d+|\d{1,2}%)'
+r_rgba = fr'\s*rgba\(\s*{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_255}{_r_comma}{_r_alpha}\s*\)\s*'
+_r_h = r'(-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?|-?\.\d+)(deg|rad|turn)?'
+_r_sl = r'(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d+)?)%'
+r_hsl = fr'\s*hsl\(\s*{_r_h}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}\s*\)\s*'
+r_hsla = fr'\s*hsl\(\s*{_r_h}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_sl}{_r_comma}{_r_alpha}\s*\)\s*'
+
+# colors where the two hex characters are the same, if all colors match this the short version of hex colors can be used
+repeat_colors = {int(c * 2, 16) for c in '0123456789abcdef'}
+rads = 2 * math.pi
+
+
+class Color(Representation):
+    __slots__ = '_original', '_rgba'
+
+    def __init__(self, value: ColorType) -> None:
+        self._rgba: RGBA
+        self._original: ColorType
+        if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
+            self._rgba = parse_tuple(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            self._rgba = parse_str(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, Color):
+            self._rgba = value._rgba
+            value = value._original
+        else:
+            raise ColorError(reason='value must be a tuple, list or string')
+
+        # if we've got here value must be a valid color
+        self._original = value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='color')
+
+    def original(self) -> ColorType:
+        """
+        Original value passed to Color
+        """
+        return self._original
+
+    def as_named(self, *, fallback: bool = False) -> str:
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            rgb = cast(Tuple[int, int, int], self.as_rgb_tuple())
+            try:
+                return COLORS_BY_VALUE[rgb]
+            except KeyError as e:
+                if fallback:
+                    return self.as_hex()
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('no named color found, use fallback=True, as_hex() or as_rgb()') from e
+        else:
+            return self.as_hex()
+
+    def as_hex(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Hex string representing the color can be 3, 4, 6 or 8 characters depending on whether the string
+        a "short" representation of the color is possible and whether there's an alpha channel.
+        """
+        values = [float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3]]
+        if self._rgba.alpha is not None:
+            values.append(float_to_255(self._rgba.alpha))
+
+        as_hex = ''.join(f'{v:02x}' for v in values)
+        if all(c in repeat_colors for c in values):
+            as_hex = ''.join(as_hex[c] for c in range(0, len(as_hex), 2))
+        return '#' + as_hex
+
+    def as_rgb(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Color as an rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>) or rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>) string.
+        """
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            return f'rgb({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)})'
+        else:
+            return (
+                f'rgba({float_to_255(self._rgba.r)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.g)}, {float_to_255(self._rgba.b)}, '
+                f'{round(self._alpha_float(), 2)})'
+            )
+
+    def as_rgb_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> ColorTuple:
+        """
+        Color as an RGB or RGBA tuple; red, green and blue are in the range 0 to 255, alpha if included is
+        in the range 0 to 1.
+
+        :param alpha: whether to include the alpha channel, options are
+          None - (default) include alpha only if it's set (e.g. not None)
+          True - always include alpha,
+          False - always omit alpha,
+        """
+        r, g, b = (float_to_255(c) for c in self._rgba[:3])
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return r, g, b
+            else:
+                return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        elif alpha:
+            return r, g, b, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return r, g, b
+
+    def as_hsl(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Color as an hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>) or hsl(<h>, <s>, <l>, <a>) string.
+        """
+        if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+            h, s, li = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=False)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%})'
+        else:
+            h, s, li, a = self.as_hsl_tuple(alpha=True)  # type: ignore
+            return f'hsl({h * 360:0.0f}, {s:0.0%}, {li:0.0%}, {round(a, 2)})'
+
+    def as_hsl_tuple(self, *, alpha: Optional[bool] = None) -> HslColorTuple:
+        """
+        Color as an HSL or HSLA tuple, e.g. hue, saturation, lightness and optionally alpha; all elements are in
+        the range 0 to 1.
+
+        NOTE: this is HSL as used in HTML and most other places, not HLS as used in python's colorsys.
+
+        :param alpha: whether to include the alpha channel, options are
+          None - (default) include alpha only if it's set (e.g. not None)
+          True - always include alpha,
+          False - always omit alpha,
+        """
+        h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(self._rgba.r, self._rgba.g, self._rgba.b)
+        if alpha is None:
+            if self._rgba.alpha is None:
+                return h, s, l
+            else:
+                return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        if alpha:
+            return h, s, l, self._alpha_float()
+        else:
+            # alpha is False
+            return h, s, l
+
+    def _alpha_float(self) -> float:
+        return 1 if self._rgba.alpha is None else self._rgba.alpha
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.as_named(fallback=True)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, self.as_named(fallback=True))] + [('rgb', self.as_rgb_tuple())]  # type: ignore
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Color) and self.as_rgb_tuple() == other.as_rgb_tuple()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.as_rgb_tuple())
+
+
+def parse_tuple(value: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> RGBA:
+    """
+    Parse a tuple or list as a color.
+    """
+    if len(value) == 3:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value)
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, None)
+    elif len(value) == 4:
+        r, g, b = (parse_color_value(v) for v in value[:3])
+        return RGBA(r, g, b, parse_float_alpha(value[3]))
+    else:
+        raise ColorError(reason='tuples must have length 3 or 4')
+
+
+def parse_str(value: str) -> RGBA:
+    """
+    Parse a string to an RGBA tuple, trying the following formats (in this order):
+    * named color, see COLORS_BY_NAME below
+    * hex short eg. `<prefix>fff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * hex long eg. `<prefix>ffffff` (prefix can be `#`, `0x` or nothing)
+    * `rgb(<r>, <g>, <b>) `
+    * `rgba(<r>, <g>, <b>, <a>)`
+    """
+    value_lower = value.lower()
+    try:
+        r, g, b = COLORS_BY_NAME[value_lower]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, None)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_short, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v * 2, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha: Optional[float] = int(a * 2, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hex_long, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        *rgb, a = m.groups()
+        r, g, b = (int(v, 16) for v in rgb)
+        if a:
+            alpha = int(a, 16) / 255
+        else:
+            alpha = None
+        return ints_to_rgba(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_rgb, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return ints_to_rgba(*m.groups(), None)  # type: ignore
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_rgba, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        return ints_to_rgba(*m.groups())  # type: ignore
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hsl, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        h, h_units, s, l_ = m.groups()
+        return parse_hsl(h, h_units, s, l_)
+
+    m = re.fullmatch(r_hsla, value_lower)
+    if m:
+        h, h_units, s, l_, a = m.groups()
+        return parse_hsl(h, h_units, s, l_, parse_float_alpha(a))
+
+    raise ColorError(reason='string not recognised as a valid color')
+
+
+def ints_to_rgba(r: Union[int, str], g: Union[int, str], b: Union[int, str], alpha: Optional[float]) -> RGBA:
+    return RGBA(parse_color_value(r), parse_color_value(g), parse_color_value(b), parse_float_alpha(alpha))
+
+
+def parse_color_value(value: Union[int, str], max_val: int = 255) -> float:
+    """
+    Parse a value checking it's a valid int in the range 0 to max_val and divide by max_val to give a number
+    in the range 0 to 1
+    """
+    try:
+        color = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ColorError(reason='color values must be a valid number')
+    if 0 <= color <= max_val:
+        return color / max_val
+    else:
+        raise ColorError(reason=f'color values must be in the range 0 to {max_val}')
+
+
+def parse_float_alpha(value: Union[None, str, float, int]) -> Optional[float]:
+    """
+    Parse a value checking it's a valid float in the range 0 to 1
+    """
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        if isinstance(value, str) and value.endswith('%'):
+            alpha = float(value[:-1]) / 100
+        else:
+            alpha = float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ColorError(reason='alpha values must be a valid float')
+
+    if almost_equal_floats(alpha, 1):
+        return None
+    elif 0 <= alpha <= 1:
+        return alpha
+    else:
+        raise ColorError(reason='alpha values must be in the range 0 to 1')
+
+
+def parse_hsl(h: str, h_units: str, sat: str, light: str, alpha: Optional[float] = None) -> RGBA:
+    """
+    Parse raw hue, saturation, lightness and alpha values and convert to RGBA.
+    """
+    s_value, l_value = parse_color_value(sat, 100), parse_color_value(light, 100)
+
+    h_value = float(h)
+    if h_units in {None, 'deg'}:
+        h_value = h_value % 360 / 360
+    elif h_units == 'rad':
+        h_value = h_value % rads / rads
+    else:
+        # turns
+        h_value = h_value % 1
+
+    r, g, b = hls_to_rgb(h_value, l_value, s_value)
+    return RGBA(r, g, b, alpha)
+
+
+def float_to_255(c: float) -> int:
+    return int(round(c * 255))
+
+
+COLORS_BY_NAME = {
+    'aliceblue': (240, 248, 255),
+    'antiquewhite': (250, 235, 215),
+    'aqua': (0, 255, 255),
+    'aquamarine': (127, 255, 212),
+    'azure': (240, 255, 255),
+    'beige': (245, 245, 220),
+    'bisque': (255, 228, 196),
+    'black': (0, 0, 0),
+    'blanchedalmond': (255, 235, 205),
+    'blue': (0, 0, 255),
+    'blueviolet': (138, 43, 226),
+    'brown': (165, 42, 42),
+    'burlywood': (222, 184, 135),
+    'cadetblue': (95, 158, 160),
+    'chartreuse': (127, 255, 0),
+    'chocolate': (210, 105, 30),
+    'coral': (255, 127, 80),
+    'cornflowerblue': (100, 149, 237),
+    'cornsilk': (255, 248, 220),
+    'crimson': (220, 20, 60),
+    'cyan': (0, 255, 255),
+    'darkblue': (0, 0, 139),
+    'darkcyan': (0, 139, 139),
+    'darkgoldenrod': (184, 134, 11),
+    'darkgray': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkgreen': (0, 100, 0),
+    'darkgrey': (169, 169, 169),
+    'darkkhaki': (189, 183, 107),
+    'darkmagenta': (139, 0, 139),
+    'darkolivegreen': (85, 107, 47),
+    'darkorange': (255, 140, 0),
+    'darkorchid': (153, 50, 204),
+    'darkred': (139, 0, 0),
+    'darksalmon': (233, 150, 122),
+    'darkseagreen': (143, 188, 143),
+    'darkslateblue': (72, 61, 139),
+    'darkslategray': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkslategrey': (47, 79, 79),
+    'darkturquoise': (0, 206, 209),
+    'darkviolet': (148, 0, 211),
+    'deeppink': (255, 20, 147),
+    'deepskyblue': (0, 191, 255),
+    'dimgray': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dimgrey': (105, 105, 105),
+    'dodgerblue': (30, 144, 255),
+    'firebrick': (178, 34, 34),
+    'floralwhite': (255, 250, 240),
+    'forestgreen': (34, 139, 34),
+    'fuchsia': (255, 0, 255),
+    'gainsboro': (220, 220, 220),
+    'ghostwhite': (248, 248, 255),
+    'gold': (255, 215, 0),
+    'goldenrod': (218, 165, 32),
+    'gray': (128, 128, 128),
+    'green': (0, 128, 0),
+    'greenyellow': (173, 255, 47),
+    'grey': (128, 128, 128),
+    'honeydew': (240, 255, 240),
+    'hotpink': (255, 105, 180),
+    'indianred': (205, 92, 92),
+    'indigo': (75, 0, 130),
+    'ivory': (255, 255, 240),
+    'khaki': (240, 230, 140),
+    'lavender': (230, 230, 250),
+    'lavenderblush': (255, 240, 245),
+    'lawngreen': (124, 252, 0),
+    'lemonchiffon': (255, 250, 205),
+    'lightblue': (173, 216, 230),
+    'lightcoral': (240, 128, 128),
+    'lightcyan': (224, 255, 255),
+    'lightgoldenrodyellow': (250, 250, 210),
+    'lightgray': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightgreen': (144, 238, 144),
+    'lightgrey': (211, 211, 211),
+    'lightpink': (255, 182, 193),
+    'lightsalmon': (255, 160, 122),
+    'lightseagreen': (32, 178, 170),
+    'lightskyblue': (135, 206, 250),
+    'lightslategray': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightslategrey': (119, 136, 153),
+    'lightsteelblue': (176, 196, 222),
+    'lightyellow': (255, 255, 224),
+    'lime': (0, 255, 0),
+    'limegreen': (50, 205, 50),
+    'linen': (250, 240, 230),
+    'magenta': (255, 0, 255),
+    'maroon': (128, 0, 0),
+    'mediumaquamarine': (102, 205, 170),
+    'mediumblue': (0, 0, 205),
+    'mediumorchid': (186, 85, 211),
+    'mediumpurple': (147, 112, 219),
+    'mediumseagreen': (60, 179, 113),
+    'mediumslateblue': (123, 104, 238),
+    'mediumspringgreen': (0, 250, 154),
+    'mediumturquoise': (72, 209, 204),
+    'mediumvioletred': (199, 21, 133),
+    'midnightblue': (25, 25, 112),
+    'mintcream': (245, 255, 250),
+    'mistyrose': (255, 228, 225),
+    'moccasin': (255, 228, 181),
+    'navajowhite': (255, 222, 173),
+    'navy': (0, 0, 128),
+    'oldlace': (253, 245, 230),
+    'olive': (128, 128, 0),
+    'olivedrab': (107, 142, 35),
+    'orange': (255, 165, 0),
+    'orangered': (255, 69, 0),
+    'orchid': (218, 112, 214),
+    'palegoldenrod': (238, 232, 170),
+    'palegreen': (152, 251, 152),
+    'paleturquoise': (175, 238, 238),
+    'palevioletred': (219, 112, 147),
+    'papayawhip': (255, 239, 213),
+    'peachpuff': (255, 218, 185),
+    'peru': (205, 133, 63),
+    'pink': (255, 192, 203),
+    'plum': (221, 160, 221),
+    'powderblue': (176, 224, 230),
+    'purple': (128, 0, 128),
+    'red': (255, 0, 0),
+    'rosybrown': (188, 143, 143),
+    'royalblue': (65, 105, 225),
+    'saddlebrown': (139, 69, 19),
+    'salmon': (250, 128, 114),
+    'sandybrown': (244, 164, 96),
+    'seagreen': (46, 139, 87),
+    'seashell': (255, 245, 238),
+    'sienna': (160, 82, 45),
+    'silver': (192, 192, 192),
+    'skyblue': (135, 206, 235),
+    'slateblue': (106, 90, 205),
+    'slategray': (112, 128, 144),
+    'slategrey': (112, 128, 144),
+    'snow': (255, 250, 250),
+    'springgreen': (0, 255, 127),
+    'steelblue': (70, 130, 180),
+    'tan': (210, 180, 140),
+    'teal': (0, 128, 128),
+    'thistle': (216, 191, 216),
+    'tomato': (255, 99, 71),
+    'turquoise': (64, 224, 208),
+    'violet': (238, 130, 238),
+    'wheat': (245, 222, 179),
+    'white': (255, 255, 255),
+    'whitesmoke': (245, 245, 245),
+    'yellow': (255, 255, 0),
+    'yellowgreen': (154, 205, 50),
+}
+
+COLORS_BY_VALUE = {v: k for k, v in COLORS_BY_NAME.items()}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18f7c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, ForwardRef, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import Literal, Protocol
+
+from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyArgTCallable, AnyCallable
+from pydantic.v1.utils import GetterDict
+from pydantic.v1.version import compiled
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import overload
+
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    ConfigType = Type['BaseConfig']
+
+    class SchemaExtraCallable(Protocol):
+        @overload
+        def __call__(self, schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        @overload
+        def __call__(self, schema: Dict[str, Any], model_class: Type[BaseModel]) -> None:
+            pass
+
+else:
+    SchemaExtraCallable = Callable[..., None]
+
+__all__ = 'BaseConfig', 'ConfigDict', 'get_config', 'Extra', 'inherit_config', 'prepare_config'
+
+
+class Extra(str, Enum):
+    allow = 'allow'
+    ignore = 'ignore'
+    forbid = 'forbid'
+
+
+# https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4003
+# Fixed in Cython 3 and Pydantic v1 won't support Cython 3.
+# Pydantic v2 doesn't depend on Cython at all.
+if not compiled:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    class ConfigDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+        title: Optional[str]
+        anystr_lower: bool
+        anystr_strip_whitespace: bool
+        min_anystr_length: int
+        max_anystr_length: Optional[int]
+        validate_all: bool
+        extra: Extra
+        allow_mutation: bool
+        frozen: bool
+        allow_population_by_field_name: bool
+        use_enum_values: bool
+        fields: Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, str]]]
+        validate_assignment: bool
+        error_msg_templates: Dict[str, str]
+        arbitrary_types_allowed: bool
+        orm_mode: bool
+        getter_dict: Type[GetterDict]
+        alias_generator: Optional[Callable[[str], str]]
+        keep_untouched: Tuple[type, ...]
+        schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, object], 'SchemaExtraCallable']
+        json_loads: Callable[[str], object]
+        json_dumps: AnyArgTCallable[str]
+        json_encoders: Dict[Type[object], AnyCallable]
+        underscore_attrs_are_private: bool
+        allow_inf_nan: bool
+        copy_on_model_validation: Literal['none', 'deep', 'shallow']
+        # whether dataclass `__post_init__` should be run after validation
+        post_init_call: Literal['before_validation', 'after_validation']
+
+else:
+    ConfigDict = dict  # type: ignore
+
+
+class BaseConfig:
+    title: Optional[str] = None
+    anystr_lower: bool = False
+    anystr_upper: bool = False
+    anystr_strip_whitespace: bool = False
+    min_anystr_length: int = 0
+    max_anystr_length: Optional[int] = None
+    validate_all: bool = False
+    extra: Extra = Extra.ignore
+    allow_mutation: bool = True
+    frozen: bool = False
+    allow_population_by_field_name: bool = False
+    use_enum_values: bool = False
+    fields: Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, str]]] = {}
+    validate_assignment: bool = False
+    error_msg_templates: Dict[str, str] = {}
+    arbitrary_types_allowed: bool = False
+    orm_mode: bool = False
+    getter_dict: Type[GetterDict] = GetterDict
+    alias_generator: Optional[Callable[[str], str]] = None
+    keep_untouched: Tuple[type, ...] = ()
+    schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], 'SchemaExtraCallable'] = {}
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads
+    json_dumps: Callable[..., str] = json.dumps
+    json_encoders: Dict[Union[Type[Any], str, ForwardRef], AnyCallable] = {}
+    underscore_attrs_are_private: bool = False
+    allow_inf_nan: bool = True
+
+    # whether inherited models as fields should be reconstructed as base model,
+    # and whether such a copy should be shallow or deep
+    copy_on_model_validation: Literal['none', 'deep', 'shallow'] = 'shallow'
+
+    # whether `Union` should check all allowed types before even trying to coerce
+    smart_union: bool = False
+    # whether dataclass `__post_init__` should be run before or after validation
+    post_init_call: Literal['before_validation', 'after_validation'] = 'before_validation'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_field_info(cls, name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Get properties of FieldInfo from the `fields` property of the config class.
+        """
+
+        fields_value = cls.fields.get(name)
+
+        if isinstance(fields_value, str):
+            field_info: Dict[str, Any] = {'alias': fields_value}
+        elif isinstance(fields_value, dict):
+            field_info = fields_value
+        else:
+            field_info = {}
+
+        if 'alias' in field_info:
+            field_info.setdefault('alias_priority', 2)
+
+        if field_info.get('alias_priority', 0) <= 1 and cls.alias_generator:
+            alias = cls.alias_generator(name)
+            if not isinstance(alias, str):
+                raise TypeError(f'Config.alias_generator must return str, not {alias.__class__}')
+            field_info.update(alias=alias, alias_priority=1)
+        return field_info
+
+    @classmethod
+    def prepare_field(cls, field: 'ModelField') -> None:
+        """
+        Optional hook to check or modify fields during model creation.
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+def get_config(config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None]) -> Type[BaseConfig]:
+    if config is None:
+        return BaseConfig
+
+    else:
+        config_dict = (
+            config
+            if isinstance(config, dict)
+            else {k: getattr(config, k) for k in dir(config) if not k.startswith('__')}
+        )
+
+        class Config(BaseConfig):
+            ...
+
+        for k, v in config_dict.items():
+            setattr(Config, k, v)
+        return Config
+
+
+def inherit_config(self_config: 'ConfigType', parent_config: 'ConfigType', **namespace: Any) -> 'ConfigType':
+    if not self_config:
+        base_classes: Tuple['ConfigType', ...] = (parent_config,)
+    elif self_config == parent_config:
+        base_classes = (self_config,)
+    else:
+        base_classes = self_config, parent_config
+
+    namespace['json_encoders'] = {
+        **getattr(parent_config, 'json_encoders', {}),
+        **getattr(self_config, 'json_encoders', {}),
+        **namespace.get('json_encoders', {}),
+    }
+
+    return type('Config', base_classes, namespace)
+
+
+def prepare_config(config: Type[BaseConfig], cls_name: str) -> None:
+    if not isinstance(config.extra, Extra):
+        try:
+            config.extra = Extra(config.extra)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError(f'"{cls_name}": {config.extra} is not a valid value for "extra"')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/dataclasses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/dataclasses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd16702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/dataclasses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+"""
+The main purpose is to enhance stdlib dataclasses by adding validation
+A pydantic dataclass can be generated from scratch or from a stdlib one.
+
+Behind the scene, a pydantic dataclass is just like a regular one on which we attach
+a `BaseModel` and magic methods to trigger the validation of the data.
+`__init__` and `__post_init__` are hence overridden and have extra logic to be
+able to validate input data.
+
+When a pydantic dataclass is generated from scratch, it's just a plain dataclass
+with validation triggered at initialization
+
+The tricky part if for stdlib dataclasses that are converted after into pydantic ones e.g.
+
+```py
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class M:
+    x: int
+
+ValidatedM = pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass(M)
+```
+
+We indeed still want to support equality, hashing, repr, ... as if it was the stdlib one!
+
+```py
+assert isinstance(ValidatedM(x=1), M)
+assert ValidatedM(x=1) == M(x=1)
+```
+
+This means we **don't want to create a new dataclass that inherits from it**
+The trick is to create a wrapper around `M` that will act as a proxy to trigger
+validation without altering default `M` behaviour.
+"""
+import copy
+import dataclasses
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import wraps
+
+try:
+    from functools import cached_property
+except ImportError:
+    # cached_property available only for python3.8+
+    pass
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, Generator, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import gather_all_validators
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, ConfigDict, Extra, get_config
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ValidationError
+from pydantic.v1.errors import DataclassTypeError
+from pydantic.v1.fields import Field, FieldInfo, Required, Undefined
+from pydantic.v1.main import create_model, validate_model
+from pydantic.v1.utils import ClassAttribute
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import CallableGenerator, NoArgAnyCallable
+
+    DataclassT = TypeVar('DataclassT', bound='Dataclass')
+
+    DataclassClassOrWrapper = Union[Type['Dataclass'], 'DataclassProxy']
+
+    class Dataclass:
+        # stdlib attributes
+        __dataclass_fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any]]
+        __dataclass_params__: ClassVar[Any]  # in reality `dataclasses._DataclassParams`
+        __post_init__: ClassVar[Callable[..., None]]
+
+        # Added by pydantic
+        __pydantic_run_validation__: ClassVar[bool]
+        __post_init_post_parse__: ClassVar[Callable[..., None]]
+        __pydantic_initialised__: ClassVar[bool]
+        __pydantic_model__: ClassVar[Type[BaseModel]]
+        __pydantic_validate_values__: ClassVar[Callable[['Dataclass'], None]]
+        __pydantic_has_field_info_default__: ClassVar[bool]  # whether a `pydantic.Field` is used as default value
+
+        def __init__(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls: Type['Dataclass']) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __validate__(cls: Type['DataclassT'], v: Any) -> 'DataclassT':
+            pass
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'dataclass',
+    'set_validation',
+    'create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass',
+    'is_builtin_dataclass',
+    'make_dataclass_validator',
+]
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> Callable[[Type[_T]], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper']:
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: Type[_T],
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+        kw_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> 'DataclassClassOrWrapper':
+        ...
+
+else:
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[Type[_T]], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper']:
+        ...
+
+    @dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+    @overload
+    def dataclass(
+        _cls: Type[_T],
+        *,
+        init: bool = True,
+        repr: bool = True,
+        eq: bool = True,
+        order: bool = False,
+        unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+        frozen: bool = False,
+        config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+        validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+        use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> 'DataclassClassOrWrapper':
+        ...
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(field_specifiers=(dataclasses.field, Field))
+def dataclass(
+    _cls: Optional[Type[_T]] = None,
+    *,
+    init: bool = True,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    eq: bool = True,
+    order: bool = False,
+    unsafe_hash: bool = False,
+    frozen: bool = False,
+    config: Union[ConfigDict, Type[object], None] = None,
+    validate_on_init: Optional[bool] = None,
+    use_proxy: Optional[bool] = None,
+    kw_only: bool = False,
+) -> Union[Callable[[Type[_T]], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper'], 'DataclassClassOrWrapper']:
+    """
+    Like the python standard lib dataclasses but with type validation.
+    The result is either a pydantic dataclass that will validate input data
+    or a wrapper that will trigger validation around a stdlib dataclass
+    to avoid modifying it directly
+    """
+    the_config = get_config(config)
+
+    def wrap(cls: Type[Any]) -> 'DataclassClassOrWrapper':
+        should_use_proxy = (
+            use_proxy
+            if use_proxy is not None
+            else (
+                is_builtin_dataclass(cls)
+                and (cls.__bases__[0] is object or set(dir(cls)) == set(dir(cls.__bases__[0])))
+            )
+        )
+        if should_use_proxy:
+            dc_cls_doc = ''
+            dc_cls = DataclassProxy(cls)
+            default_validate_on_init = False
+        else:
+            dc_cls_doc = cls.__doc__ or ''  # needs to be done before generating dataclass
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+                dc_cls = dataclasses.dataclass(
+                    cls,
+                    init=init,
+                    repr=repr,
+                    eq=eq,
+                    order=order,
+                    unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash,
+                    frozen=frozen,
+                    kw_only=kw_only,
+                )
+            else:
+                dc_cls = dataclasses.dataclass(  # type: ignore
+                    cls, init=init, repr=repr, eq=eq, order=order, unsafe_hash=unsafe_hash, frozen=frozen
+                )
+            default_validate_on_init = True
+
+        should_validate_on_init = default_validate_on_init if validate_on_init is None else validate_on_init
+        _add_pydantic_validation_attributes(cls, the_config, should_validate_on_init, dc_cls_doc)
+        dc_cls.__pydantic_model__.__try_update_forward_refs__(**{cls.__name__: cls})
+        return dc_cls
+
+    if _cls is None:
+        return wrap
+
+    return wrap(_cls)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def set_validation(cls: Type['DataclassT'], value: bool) -> Generator[Type['DataclassT'], None, None]:
+    original_run_validation = cls.__pydantic_run_validation__
+    try:
+        cls.__pydantic_run_validation__ = value
+        yield cls
+    finally:
+        cls.__pydantic_run_validation__ = original_run_validation
+
+
+class DataclassProxy:
+    __slots__ = '__dataclass__'
+
+    def __init__(self, dc_cls: Type['Dataclass']) -> None:
+        object.__setattr__(self, '__dataclass__', dc_cls)
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        with set_validation(self.__dataclass__, True):
+            return self.__dataclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.__dataclass__, name)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None:
+        return setattr(self.__dataclass__, __name, __value)
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(instance, self.__dataclass__)
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> 'DataclassProxy':
+        return DataclassProxy(copy.copy(self.__dataclass__))
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Any) -> 'DataclassProxy':
+        return DataclassProxy(copy.deepcopy(self.__dataclass__, memo))
+
+
+def _add_pydantic_validation_attributes(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    dc_cls: Type['Dataclass'],
+    config: Type[BaseConfig],
+    validate_on_init: bool,
+    dc_cls_doc: str,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    We need to replace the right method. If no `__post_init__` has been set in the stdlib dataclass
+    it won't even exist (code is generated on the fly by `dataclasses`)
+    By default, we run validation after `__init__` or `__post_init__` if defined
+    """
+    init = dc_cls.__init__
+
+    @wraps(init)
+    def handle_extra_init(self: 'Dataclass', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        if config.extra == Extra.ignore:
+            init(self, *args, **{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in self.__dataclass_fields__})
+
+        elif config.extra == Extra.allow:
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                self.__dict__.setdefault(k, v)
+            init(self, *args, **{k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in self.__dataclass_fields__})
+
+        else:
+            init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    if hasattr(dc_cls, '__post_init__'):
+        try:
+            post_init = dc_cls.__post_init__.__wrapped__  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        except AttributeError:
+            post_init = dc_cls.__post_init__
+
+        @wraps(post_init)
+        def new_post_init(self: 'Dataclass', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            if config.post_init_call == 'before_validation':
+                post_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            if self.__class__.__pydantic_run_validation__:
+                self.__pydantic_validate_values__()
+                if hasattr(self, '__post_init_post_parse__'):
+                    self.__post_init_post_parse__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            if config.post_init_call == 'after_validation':
+                post_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__init__', handle_extra_init)
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__post_init__', new_post_init)
+
+    else:
+
+        @wraps(init)
+        def new_init(self: 'Dataclass', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            handle_extra_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            if self.__class__.__pydantic_run_validation__:
+                self.__pydantic_validate_values__()
+
+            if hasattr(self, '__post_init_post_parse__'):
+                # We need to find again the initvars. To do that we use `__dataclass_fields__` instead of
+                # public method `dataclasses.fields`
+
+                # get all initvars and their default values
+                initvars_and_values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+                for i, f in enumerate(self.__class__.__dataclass_fields__.values()):
+                    if f._field_type is dataclasses._FIELD_INITVAR:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                        try:
+                            # set arg value by default
+                            initvars_and_values[f.name] = args[i]
+                        except IndexError:
+                            initvars_and_values[f.name] = kwargs.get(f.name, f.default)
+
+                self.__post_init_post_parse__(**initvars_and_values)
+
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__init__', new_init)
+
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_run_validation__', ClassAttribute('__pydantic_run_validation__', validate_on_init))
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_initialised__', False)
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_model__', create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass(dc_cls, config, dc_cls_doc))
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__pydantic_validate_values__', _dataclass_validate_values)
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__validate__', classmethod(_validate_dataclass))
+    setattr(dc_cls, '__get_validators__', classmethod(_get_validators))
+
+    if dc_cls.__pydantic_model__.__config__.validate_assignment and not dc_cls.__dataclass_params__.frozen:
+        setattr(dc_cls, '__setattr__', _dataclass_validate_assignment_setattr)
+
+
+def _get_validators(cls: 'DataclassClassOrWrapper') -> 'CallableGenerator':
+    yield cls.__validate__
+
+
+def _validate_dataclass(cls: Type['DataclassT'], v: Any) -> 'DataclassT':
+    with set_validation(cls, True):
+        if isinstance(v, cls):
+            v.__pydantic_validate_values__()
+            return v
+        elif isinstance(v, (list, tuple)):
+            return cls(*v)
+        elif isinstance(v, dict):
+            return cls(**v)
+        else:
+            raise DataclassTypeError(class_name=cls.__name__)
+
+
+def create_pydantic_model_from_dataclass(
+    dc_cls: Type['Dataclass'],
+    config: Type[Any] = BaseConfig,
+    dc_cls_doc: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    field_definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for field in dataclasses.fields(dc_cls):
+        default: Any = Undefined
+        default_factory: Optional['NoArgAnyCallable'] = None
+        field_info: FieldInfo
+
+        if field.default is not dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default = field.default
+        elif field.default_factory is not dataclasses.MISSING:
+            default_factory = field.default_factory
+        else:
+            default = Required
+
+        if isinstance(default, FieldInfo):
+            field_info = default
+            dc_cls.__pydantic_has_field_info_default__ = True
+        else:
+            field_info = Field(default=default, default_factory=default_factory, **field.metadata)
+
+        field_definitions[field.name] = (field.type, field_info)
+
+    validators = gather_all_validators(dc_cls)
+    model: Type['BaseModel'] = create_model(
+        dc_cls.__name__,
+        __config__=config,
+        __module__=dc_cls.__module__,
+        __validators__=validators,
+        __cls_kwargs__={'__resolve_forward_refs__': False},
+        **field_definitions,
+    )
+    model.__doc__ = dc_cls_doc if dc_cls_doc is not None else dc_cls.__doc__ or ''
+    return model
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+
+    def _is_field_cached_property(obj: 'Dataclass', k: str) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(getattr(type(obj), k, None), cached_property)
+
+else:
+
+    def _is_field_cached_property(obj: 'Dataclass', k: str) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+
+def _dataclass_validate_values(self: 'Dataclass') -> None:
+    # validation errors can occur if this function is called twice on an already initialised dataclass.
+    # for example if Extra.forbid is enabled, it would consider __pydantic_initialised__ an invalid extra property
+    if getattr(self, '__pydantic_initialised__'):
+        return
+    if getattr(self, '__pydantic_has_field_info_default__', False):
+        # We need to remove `FieldInfo` values since they are not valid as input
+        # It's ok to do that because they are obviously the default values!
+        input_data = {
+            k: v
+            for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
+            if not (isinstance(v, FieldInfo) or _is_field_cached_property(self, k))
+        }
+    else:
+        input_data = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not _is_field_cached_property(self, k)}
+    d, _, validation_error = validate_model(self.__pydantic_model__, input_data, cls=self.__class__)
+    if validation_error:
+        raise validation_error
+    self.__dict__.update(d)
+    object.__setattr__(self, '__pydantic_initialised__', True)
+
+
+def _dataclass_validate_assignment_setattr(self: 'Dataclass', name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    if self.__pydantic_initialised__:
+        d = dict(self.__dict__)
+        d.pop(name, None)
+        known_field = self.__pydantic_model__.__fields__.get(name, None)
+        if known_field:
+            value, error_ = known_field.validate(value, d, loc=name, cls=self.__class__)
+            if error_:
+                raise ValidationError([error_], self.__class__)
+
+    object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+
+
+def is_builtin_dataclass(_cls: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Whether a class is a stdlib dataclass
+    (useful to discriminated a pydantic dataclass that is actually a wrapper around a stdlib dataclass)
+
+    we check that
+    - `_cls` is a dataclass
+    - `_cls` is not a processed pydantic dataclass (with a basemodel attached)
+    - `_cls` is not a pydantic dataclass inheriting directly from a stdlib dataclass
+    e.g.
+    ```
+    @dataclasses.dataclass
+    class A:
+        x: int
+
+    @pydantic.dataclasses.dataclass
+    class B(A):
+        y: int
+    ```
+    In this case, when we first check `B`, we make an extra check and look at the annotations ('y'),
+    which won't be a superset of all the dataclass fields (only the stdlib fields i.e. 'x')
+    """
+    return (
+        dataclasses.is_dataclass(_cls)
+        and not hasattr(_cls, '__pydantic_model__')
+        and set(_cls.__dataclass_fields__).issuperset(set(getattr(_cls, '__annotations__', {})))
+    )
+
+
+def make_dataclass_validator(dc_cls: Type['Dataclass'], config: Type[BaseConfig]) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+    """
+    Create a pydantic.dataclass from a builtin dataclass to add type validation
+    and yield the validators
+    It retrieves the parameters of the dataclass and forwards them to the newly created dataclass
+    """
+    yield from _get_validators(dataclass(dc_cls, config=config, use_proxy=True))
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/datetime_parse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/datetime_parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7598fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/datetime_parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+"""
+Functions to parse datetime objects.
+
+We're using regular expressions rather than time.strptime because:
+- They provide both validation and parsing.
+- They're more flexible for datetimes.
+- The date/datetime/time constructors produce friendlier error messages.
+
+Stolen from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/django/django/main/django/utils/dateparse.py at
+9718fa2e8abe430c3526a9278dd976443d4ae3c6
+
+Changed to:
+* use standard python datetime types not django.utils.timezone
+* raise ValueError when regex doesn't match rather than returning None
+* support parsing unix timestamps for dates and datetimes
+"""
+import re
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+
+date_expr = r'(?P<year>\d{4})-(?P<month>\d{1,2})-(?P<day>\d{1,2})'
+time_expr = (
+    r'(?P<hour>\d{1,2}):(?P<minute>\d{1,2})'
+    r'(?::(?P<second>\d{1,2})(?:\.(?P<microsecond>\d{1,6})\d{0,6})?)?'
+    r'(?P<tzinfo>Z|[+-]\d{2}(?::?\d{2})?)?$'
+)
+
+date_re = re.compile(f'{date_expr}$')
+time_re = re.compile(time_expr)
+datetime_re = re.compile(f'{date_expr}[T ]{time_expr}')
+
+standard_duration_re = re.compile(
+    r'^'
+    r'(?:(?P<days>-?\d+) (days?, )?)?'
+    r'((?:(?P<hours>-?\d+):)(?=\d+:\d+))?'
+    r'(?:(?P<minutes>-?\d+):)?'
+    r'(?P<seconds>-?\d+)'
+    r'(?:\.(?P<microseconds>\d{1,6})\d{0,6})?'
+    r'$'
+)
+
+# Support the sections of ISO 8601 date representation that are accepted by timedelta
+iso8601_duration_re = re.compile(
+    r'^(?P<sign>[-+]?)'
+    r'P'
+    r'(?:(?P<days>\d+(.\d+)?)D)?'
+    r'(?:T'
+    r'(?:(?P<hours>\d+(.\d+)?)H)?'
+    r'(?:(?P<minutes>\d+(.\d+)?)M)?'
+    r'(?:(?P<seconds>\d+(.\d+)?)S)?'
+    r')?'
+    r'$'
+)
+
+EPOCH = datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+# if greater than this, the number is in ms, if less than or equal it's in seconds
+# (in seconds this is 11th October 2603, in ms it's 20th August 1970)
+MS_WATERSHED = int(2e10)
+# slightly more than datetime.max in ns - (datetime.max - EPOCH).total_seconds() * 1e9
+MAX_NUMBER = int(3e20)
+StrBytesIntFloat = Union[str, bytes, int, float]
+
+
+def get_numeric(value: StrBytesIntFloat, native_expected_type: str) -> Union[None, int, float]:
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return value
+    try:
+        return float(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError(f'invalid type; expected {native_expected_type}, string, bytes, int or float')
+
+
+def from_unix_seconds(seconds: Union[int, float]) -> datetime:
+    if seconds > MAX_NUMBER:
+        return datetime.max
+    elif seconds < -MAX_NUMBER:
+        return datetime.min
+
+    while abs(seconds) > MS_WATERSHED:
+        seconds /= 1000
+    dt = EPOCH + timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+    return dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+
+def _parse_timezone(value: Optional[str], error: Type[Exception]) -> Union[None, int, timezone]:
+    if value == 'Z':
+        return timezone.utc
+    elif value is not None:
+        offset_mins = int(value[-2:]) if len(value) > 3 else 0
+        offset = 60 * int(value[1:3]) + offset_mins
+        if value[0] == '-':
+            offset = -offset
+        try:
+            return timezone(timedelta(minutes=offset))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise error()
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def parse_date(value: Union[date, StrBytesIntFloat]) -> date:
+    """
+    Parse a date/int/float/string and return a datetime.date.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the input is well formatted but not a valid date.
+    Raise ValueError if the input isn't well formatted.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, date):
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return value.date()
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    number = get_numeric(value, 'date')
+    if number is not None:
+        return from_unix_seconds(number).date()
+
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    match = date_re.match(value)  # type: ignore
+    if match is None:
+        raise errors.DateError()
+
+    kw = {k: int(v) for k, v in match.groupdict().items()}
+
+    try:
+        return date(**kw)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.DateError()
+
+
+def parse_time(value: Union[time, StrBytesIntFloat]) -> time:
+    """
+    Parse a time/string and return a datetime.time.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the input is well formatted but not a valid time.
+    Raise ValueError if the input isn't well formatted, in particular if it contains an offset.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, time):
+        return value
+
+    number = get_numeric(value, 'time')
+    if number is not None:
+        if number >= 86400:
+            # doesn't make sense since the time time loop back around to 0
+            raise errors.TimeError()
+        return (datetime.min + timedelta(seconds=number)).time()
+
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    match = time_re.match(value)  # type: ignore
+    if match is None:
+        raise errors.TimeError()
+
+    kw = match.groupdict()
+    if kw['microsecond']:
+        kw['microsecond'] = kw['microsecond'].ljust(6, '0')
+
+    tzinfo = _parse_timezone(kw.pop('tzinfo'), errors.TimeError)
+    kw_: Dict[str, Union[None, int, timezone]] = {k: int(v) for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+    kw_['tzinfo'] = tzinfo
+
+    try:
+        return time(**kw_)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.TimeError()
+
+
+def parse_datetime(value: Union[datetime, StrBytesIntFloat]) -> datetime:
+    """
+    Parse a datetime/int/float/string and return a datetime.datetime.
+
+    This function supports time zone offsets. When the input contains one,
+    the output uses a timezone with a fixed offset from UTC.
+
+    Raise ValueError if the input is well formatted but not a valid datetime.
+    Raise ValueError if the input isn't well formatted.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return value
+
+    number = get_numeric(value, 'datetime')
+    if number is not None:
+        return from_unix_seconds(number)
+
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    match = datetime_re.match(value)  # type: ignore
+    if match is None:
+        raise errors.DateTimeError()
+
+    kw = match.groupdict()
+    if kw['microsecond']:
+        kw['microsecond'] = kw['microsecond'].ljust(6, '0')
+
+    tzinfo = _parse_timezone(kw.pop('tzinfo'), errors.DateTimeError)
+    kw_: Dict[str, Union[None, int, timezone]] = {k: int(v) for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+    kw_['tzinfo'] = tzinfo
+
+    try:
+        return datetime(**kw_)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.DateTimeError()
+
+
+def parse_duration(value: StrBytesIntFloat) -> timedelta:
+    """
+    Parse a duration int/float/string and return a datetime.timedelta.
+
+    The preferred format for durations in Django is '%d %H:%M:%S.%f'.
+
+    Also supports ISO 8601 representation.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, timedelta):
+        return value
+
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        # below code requires a string
+        value = f'{value:f}'
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+        value = value.decode()
+
+    try:
+        match = standard_duration_re.match(value) or iso8601_duration_re.match(value)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise TypeError('invalid type; expected timedelta, string, bytes, int or float')
+
+    if not match:
+        raise errors.DurationError()
+
+    kw = match.groupdict()
+    sign = -1 if kw.pop('sign', '+') == '-' else 1
+    if kw.get('microseconds'):
+        kw['microseconds'] = kw['microseconds'].ljust(6, '0')
+
+    if kw.get('seconds') and kw.get('microseconds') and kw['seconds'].startswith('-'):
+        kw['microseconds'] = '-' + kw['microseconds']
+
+    kw_ = {k: float(v) for k, v in kw.items() if v is not None}
+
+    return sign * timedelta(**kw_)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/decorator.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7c2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+from functools import wraps
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload
+
+from pydantic.v1 import validator
+from pydantic.v1.config import Extra
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel, create_model
+from pydantic.v1.typing import get_all_type_hints
+from pydantic.v1.utils import to_camel
+
+__all__ = ('validate_arguments',)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyCallable
+
+    AnyCallableT = TypeVar('AnyCallableT', bound=AnyCallable)
+    ConfigType = Union[None, Type[Any], Dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(func: None = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None) -> Callable[['AnyCallableT'], 'AnyCallableT']:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_arguments(func: 'AnyCallableT') -> 'AnyCallableT':
+    ...
+
+
+def validate_arguments(func: Optional['AnyCallableT'] = None, *, config: 'ConfigType' = None) -> Any:
+    """
+    Decorator to validate the arguments passed to a function.
+    """
+
+    def validate(_func: 'AnyCallable') -> 'AnyCallable':
+        vd = ValidatedFunction(_func, config)
+
+        @wraps(_func)
+        def wrapper_function(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            return vd.call(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        wrapper_function.vd = vd  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.validate = vd.init_model_instance  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.raw_function = vd.raw_function  # type: ignore
+        wrapper_function.model = vd.model  # type: ignore
+        return wrapper_function
+
+    if func:
+        return validate(func)
+    else:
+        return validate
+
+
+ALT_V_ARGS = 'v__args'
+ALT_V_KWARGS = 'v__kwargs'
+V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME = 'v__positional_only'
+V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS = 'v__duplicate_kwargs'
+
+
+class ValidatedFunction:
+    def __init__(self, function: 'AnyCallableT', config: 'ConfigType'):  # noqa C901
+        from inspect import Parameter, signature
+
+        parameters: Mapping[str, Parameter] = signature(function).parameters
+
+        if parameters.keys() & {ALT_V_ARGS, ALT_V_KWARGS, V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'"{ALT_V_ARGS}", "{ALT_V_KWARGS}", "{V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME}" and "{V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS}" '
+                f'are not permitted as argument names when using the "{validate_arguments.__name__}" decorator'
+            )
+
+        self.raw_function = function
+        self.arg_mapping: Dict[int, str] = {}
+        self.positional_only_args = set()
+        self.v_args_name = 'args'
+        self.v_kwargs_name = 'kwargs'
+
+        type_hints = get_all_type_hints(function)
+        takes_args = False
+        takes_kwargs = False
+        fields: Dict[str, Tuple[Any, Any]] = {}
+        for i, (name, p) in enumerate(parameters.items()):
+            if p.annotation is p.empty:
+                annotation = Any
+            else:
+                annotation = type_hints[name]
+
+            default = ... if p.default is p.empty else p.default
+            if p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = List[str], None
+                self.positional_only_args.add(name)
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD:
+                self.arg_mapping[i] = name
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+                fields[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = List[str], None
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY:
+                fields[name] = annotation, default
+            elif p.kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+                self.v_args_name = name
+                fields[name] = Tuple[annotation, ...], None
+                takes_args = True
+            else:
+                assert p.kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD, p.kind
+                self.v_kwargs_name = name
+                fields[name] = Dict[str, annotation], None  # type: ignore
+                takes_kwargs = True
+
+        # these checks avoid a clash between "args" and a field with that name
+        if not takes_args and self.v_args_name in fields:
+            self.v_args_name = ALT_V_ARGS
+
+        # same with "kwargs"
+        if not takes_kwargs and self.v_kwargs_name in fields:
+            self.v_kwargs_name = ALT_V_KWARGS
+
+        if not takes_args:
+            # we add the field so validation below can raise the correct exception
+            fields[self.v_args_name] = List[Any], None
+
+        if not takes_kwargs:
+            # same with kwargs
+            fields[self.v_kwargs_name] = Dict[Any, Any], None
+
+        self.create_model(fields, takes_args, takes_kwargs, config)
+
+    def init_model_instance(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> BaseModel:
+        values = self.build_values(args, kwargs)
+        return self.model(**values)
+
+    def call(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        m = self.init_model_instance(*args, **kwargs)
+        return self.execute(m)
+
+    def build_values(self, args: Tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if args:
+            arg_iter = enumerate(args)
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    i, a = next(arg_iter)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    break
+                arg_name = self.arg_mapping.get(i)
+                if arg_name is not None:
+                    values[arg_name] = a
+                else:
+                    values[self.v_args_name] = [a] + [a for _, a in arg_iter]
+                    break
+
+        var_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        wrong_positional_args = []
+        duplicate_kwargs = []
+        fields_alias = [
+            field.alias
+            for name, field in self.model.__fields__.items()
+            if name not in (self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name)
+        ]
+        non_var_fields = set(self.model.__fields__) - {self.v_args_name, self.v_kwargs_name}
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            if k in non_var_fields or k in fields_alias:
+                if k in self.positional_only_args:
+                    wrong_positional_args.append(k)
+                if k in values:
+                    duplicate_kwargs.append(k)
+                values[k] = v
+            else:
+                var_kwargs[k] = v
+
+        if var_kwargs:
+            values[self.v_kwargs_name] = var_kwargs
+        if wrong_positional_args:
+            values[V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME] = wrong_positional_args
+        if duplicate_kwargs:
+            values[V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS] = duplicate_kwargs
+        return values
+
+    def execute(self, m: BaseModel) -> Any:
+        d = {k: v for k, v in m._iter() if k in m.__fields_set__ or m.__fields__[k].default_factory}
+        var_kwargs = d.pop(self.v_kwargs_name, {})
+
+        if self.v_args_name in d:
+            args_: List[Any] = []
+            in_kwargs = False
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if in_kwargs:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+                elif name == self.v_args_name:
+                    args_ += value
+                    in_kwargs = True
+                else:
+                    args_.append(value)
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        elif self.positional_only_args:
+            args_ = []
+            kwargs = {}
+            for name, value in d.items():
+                if name in self.positional_only_args:
+                    args_.append(value)
+                else:
+                    kwargs[name] = value
+            return self.raw_function(*args_, **kwargs, **var_kwargs)
+        else:
+            return self.raw_function(**d, **var_kwargs)
+
+    def create_model(self, fields: Dict[str, Any], takes_args: bool, takes_kwargs: bool, config: 'ConfigType') -> None:
+        pos_args = len(self.arg_mapping)
+
+        class CustomConfig:
+            pass
+
+        if not TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no branch
+            if isinstance(config, dict):
+                CustomConfig = type('Config', (), config)  # noqa: F811
+            elif config is not None:
+                CustomConfig = config  # noqa: F811
+
+        if hasattr(CustomConfig, 'fields') or hasattr(CustomConfig, 'alias_generator'):
+            raise ConfigError(
+                'Setting the "fields" and "alias_generator" property on custom Config for '
+                '@validate_arguments is not yet supported, please remove.'
+            )
+
+        class DecoratorBaseModel(BaseModel):
+            @validator(self.v_args_name, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_args(cls, v: Optional[List[Any]]) -> Optional[List[Any]]:
+                if takes_args or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                raise TypeError(f'{pos_args} positional arguments expected but {pos_args + len(v)} given')
+
+            @validator(self.v_kwargs_name, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+                if takes_kwargs or v is None:
+                    return v
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v.keys()))
+                raise TypeError(f'unexpected keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @validator(V_POSITIONAL_ONLY_NAME, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_positional_only(cls, v: Optional[List[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'positional-only argument{plural} passed as keyword argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            @validator(V_DUPLICATE_KWARGS, check_fields=False, allow_reuse=True)
+            def check_duplicate_kwargs(cls, v: Optional[List[str]]) -> None:
+                if v is None:
+                    return
+
+                plural = '' if len(v) == 1 else 's'
+                keys = ', '.join(map(repr, v))
+                raise TypeError(f'multiple values for argument{plural}: {keys}')
+
+            class Config(CustomConfig):
+                extra = getattr(CustomConfig, 'extra', Extra.forbid)
+
+        self.model = create_model(to_camel(self.raw_function.__name__), __base__=DecoratorBaseModel, **fields)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/env_settings.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/env_settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f6f217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/env_settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+import os
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import AbstractSet, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, Extra
+from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+from pydantic.v1.types import JsonWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.typing import StrPath, display_as_type, get_origin, is_union
+from pydantic.v1.utils import deep_update, lenient_issubclass, path_type, sequence_like
+
+env_file_sentinel = str(object())
+
+SettingsSourceCallable = Callable[['BaseSettings'], Dict[str, Any]]
+DotenvType = Union[StrPath, List[StrPath], Tuple[StrPath, ...]]
+
+
+class SettingsError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class BaseSettings(BaseModel):
+    """
+    Base class for settings, allowing values to be overridden by environment variables.
+
+    This is useful in production for secrets you do not wish to save in code, it plays nicely with docker(-compose),
+    Heroku and any 12 factor app design.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        __pydantic_self__,
+        _env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = env_file_sentinel,
+        _env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        _env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
+        _secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+        **values: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Uses something other than `self` the first arg to allow "self" as a settable attribute
+        super().__init__(
+            **__pydantic_self__._build_values(
+                values,
+                _env_file=_env_file,
+                _env_file_encoding=_env_file_encoding,
+                _env_nested_delimiter=_env_nested_delimiter,
+                _secrets_dir=_secrets_dir,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _build_values(
+        self,
+        init_kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        _env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = None,
+        _env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        _env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
+        _secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        # Configure built-in sources
+        init_settings = InitSettingsSource(init_kwargs=init_kwargs)
+        env_settings = EnvSettingsSource(
+            env_file=(_env_file if _env_file != env_file_sentinel else self.__config__.env_file),
+            env_file_encoding=(
+                _env_file_encoding if _env_file_encoding is not None else self.__config__.env_file_encoding
+            ),
+            env_nested_delimiter=(
+                _env_nested_delimiter if _env_nested_delimiter is not None else self.__config__.env_nested_delimiter
+            ),
+            env_prefix_len=len(self.__config__.env_prefix),
+        )
+        file_secret_settings = SecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir=_secrets_dir or self.__config__.secrets_dir)
+        # Provide a hook to set built-in sources priority and add / remove sources
+        sources = self.__config__.customise_sources(
+            init_settings=init_settings, env_settings=env_settings, file_secret_settings=file_secret_settings
+        )
+        if sources:
+            return deep_update(*reversed([source(self) for source in sources]))
+        else:
+            # no one should mean to do this, but I think returning an empty dict is marginally preferable
+            # to an informative error and much better than a confusing error
+            return {}
+
+    class Config(BaseConfig):
+        env_prefix: str = ''
+        env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = None
+        env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None
+        env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None
+        secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None
+        validate_all: bool = True
+        extra: Extra = Extra.forbid
+        arbitrary_types_allowed: bool = True
+        case_sensitive: bool = False
+
+        @classmethod
+        def prepare_field(cls, field: ModelField) -> None:
+            env_names: Union[List[str], AbstractSet[str]]
+            field_info_from_config = cls.get_field_info(field.name)
+
+            env = field_info_from_config.get('env') or field.field_info.extra.get('env')
+            if env is None:
+                if field.has_alias:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        'aliases are no longer used by BaseSettings to define which environment variables to read. '
+                        'Instead use the "env" field setting. '
+                        'See https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/settings/#environment-variable-names',
+                        FutureWarning,
+                    )
+                env_names = {cls.env_prefix + field.name}
+            elif isinstance(env, str):
+                env_names = {env}
+            elif isinstance(env, (set, frozenset)):
+                env_names = env
+            elif sequence_like(env):
+                env_names = list(env)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f'invalid field env: {env!r} ({display_as_type(env)}); should be string, list or set')
+
+            if not cls.case_sensitive:
+                env_names = env_names.__class__(n.lower() for n in env_names)
+            field.field_info.extra['env_names'] = env_names
+
+        @classmethod
+        def customise_sources(
+            cls,
+            init_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
+            env_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
+            file_secret_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
+        ) -> Tuple[SettingsSourceCallable, ...]:
+            return init_settings, env_settings, file_secret_settings
+
+        @classmethod
+        def parse_env_var(cls, field_name: str, raw_val: str) -> Any:
+            return cls.json_loads(raw_val)
+
+    # populated by the metaclass using the Config class defined above, annotated here to help IDEs only
+    __config__: ClassVar[Type[Config]]
+
+
+class InitSettingsSource:
+    __slots__ = ('init_kwargs',)
+
+    def __init__(self, init_kwargs: Dict[str, Any]):
+        self.init_kwargs = init_kwargs
+
+    def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return self.init_kwargs
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'InitSettingsSource(init_kwargs={self.init_kwargs!r})'
+
+
+class EnvSettingsSource:
+    __slots__ = ('env_file', 'env_file_encoding', 'env_nested_delimiter', 'env_prefix_len')
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        env_file: Optional[DotenvType],
+        env_file_encoding: Optional[str],
+        env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
+        env_prefix_len: int = 0,
+    ):
+        self.env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = env_file
+        self.env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = env_file_encoding
+        self.env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = env_nested_delimiter
+        self.env_prefix_len: int = env_prefix_len
+
+    def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:  # noqa C901
+        """
+        Build environment variables suitable for passing to the Model.
+        """
+        d: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+        if settings.__config__.case_sensitive:
+            env_vars: Mapping[str, Optional[str]] = os.environ
+        else:
+            env_vars = {k.lower(): v for k, v in os.environ.items()}
+
+        dotenv_vars = self._read_env_files(settings.__config__.case_sensitive)
+        if dotenv_vars:
+            env_vars = {**dotenv_vars, **env_vars}
+
+        for field in settings.__fields__.values():
+            env_val: Optional[str] = None
+            for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']:
+                env_val = env_vars.get(env_name)
+                if env_val is not None:
+                    break
+
+            is_complex, allow_parse_failure = self.field_is_complex(field)
+            if is_complex:
+                if env_val is None:
+                    # field is complex but no value found so far, try explode_env_vars
+                    env_val_built = self.explode_env_vars(field, env_vars)
+                    if env_val_built:
+                        d[field.alias] = env_val_built
+                else:
+                    # field is complex and there's a value, decode that as JSON, then add explode_env_vars
+                    try:
+                        env_val = settings.__config__.parse_env_var(field.name, env_val)
+                    except ValueError as e:
+                        if not allow_parse_failure:
+                            raise SettingsError(f'error parsing env var "{env_name}"') from e
+
+                    if isinstance(env_val, dict):
+                        d[field.alias] = deep_update(env_val, self.explode_env_vars(field, env_vars))
+                    else:
+                        d[field.alias] = env_val
+            elif env_val is not None:
+                # simplest case, field is not complex, we only need to add the value if it was found
+                d[field.alias] = env_val
+
+        return d
+
+    def _read_env_files(self, case_sensitive: bool) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+        env_files = self.env_file
+        if env_files is None:
+            return {}
+
+        if isinstance(env_files, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            env_files = [env_files]
+
+        dotenv_vars = {}
+        for env_file in env_files:
+            env_path = Path(env_file).expanduser()
+            if env_path.is_file():
+                dotenv_vars.update(
+                    read_env_file(env_path, encoding=self.env_file_encoding, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
+                )
+
+        return dotenv_vars
+
+    def field_is_complex(self, field: ModelField) -> Tuple[bool, bool]:
+        """
+        Find out if a field is complex, and if so whether JSON errors should be ignored
+        """
+        if lenient_issubclass(field.annotation, JsonWrapper):
+            return False, False
+
+        if field.is_complex():
+            allow_parse_failure = False
+        elif is_union(get_origin(field.type_)) and field.sub_fields and any(f.is_complex() for f in field.sub_fields):
+            allow_parse_failure = True
+        else:
+            return False, False
+
+        return True, allow_parse_failure
+
+    def explode_env_vars(self, field: ModelField, env_vars: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Process env_vars and extract the values of keys containing env_nested_delimiter into nested dictionaries.
+
+        This is applied to a single field, hence filtering by env_var prefix.
+        """
+        prefixes = [f'{env_name}{self.env_nested_delimiter}' for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']]
+        result: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for env_name, env_val in env_vars.items():
+            if not any(env_name.startswith(prefix) for prefix in prefixes):
+                continue
+            # we remove the prefix before splitting in case the prefix has characters in common with the delimiter
+            env_name_without_prefix = env_name[self.env_prefix_len :]
+            _, *keys, last_key = env_name_without_prefix.split(self.env_nested_delimiter)
+            env_var = result
+            for key in keys:
+                env_var = env_var.setdefault(key, {})
+            env_var[last_key] = env_val
+
+        return result
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f'EnvSettingsSource(env_file={self.env_file!r}, env_file_encoding={self.env_file_encoding!r}, '
+            f'env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r})'
+        )
+
+
+class SecretsSettingsSource:
+    __slots__ = ('secrets_dir',)
+
+    def __init__(self, secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath]):
+        self.secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = secrets_dir
+
+    def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Build fields from "secrets" files.
+        """
+        secrets: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
+
+        if self.secrets_dir is None:
+            return secrets
+
+        secrets_path = Path(self.secrets_dir).expanduser()
+
+        if not secrets_path.exists():
+            warnings.warn(f'directory "{secrets_path}" does not exist')
+            return secrets
+
+        if not secrets_path.is_dir():
+            raise SettingsError(f'secrets_dir must reference a directory, not a {path_type(secrets_path)}')
+
+        for field in settings.__fields__.values():
+            for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']:
+                path = find_case_path(secrets_path, env_name, settings.__config__.case_sensitive)
+                if not path:
+                    # path does not exist, we currently don't return a warning for this
+                    continue
+
+                if path.is_file():
+                    secret_value = path.read_text().strip()
+                    if field.is_complex():
+                        try:
+                            secret_value = settings.__config__.parse_env_var(field.name, secret_value)
+                        except ValueError as e:
+                            raise SettingsError(f'error parsing env var "{env_name}"') from e
+
+                    secrets[field.alias] = secret_value
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f'attempted to load secret file "{path}" but found a {path_type(path)} instead.',
+                        stacklevel=4,
+                    )
+        return secrets
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'SecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir={self.secrets_dir!r})'
+
+
+def read_env_file(
+    file_path: StrPath, *, encoding: str = None, case_sensitive: bool = False
+) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    try:
+        from dotenv import dotenv_values
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError('python-dotenv is not installed, run `pip install pydantic[dotenv]`') from e
+
+    file_vars: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = dotenv_values(file_path, encoding=encoding or 'utf8')
+    if not case_sensitive:
+        return {k.lower(): v for k, v in file_vars.items()}
+    else:
+        return file_vars
+
+
+def find_case_path(dir_path: Path, file_name: str, case_sensitive: bool) -> Optional[Path]:
+    """
+    Find a file within path's directory matching filename, optionally ignoring case.
+    """
+    for f in dir_path.iterdir():
+        if f.name == file_name:
+            return f
+        elif not case_sensitive and f.name.lower() == file_name.lower():
+            return f
+    return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/error_wrappers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/error_wrappers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc7f263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/error_wrappers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import json
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.json import pydantic_encoder
+from pydantic.v1.utils import Representation
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import ReprArgs
+
+    Loc = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+
+    class _ErrorDictRequired(TypedDict):
+        loc: Loc
+        msg: str
+        type: str
+
+    class ErrorDict(_ErrorDictRequired, total=False):
+        ctx: Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+__all__ = 'ErrorWrapper', 'ValidationError'
+
+
+class ErrorWrapper(Representation):
+    __slots__ = 'exc', '_loc'
+
+    def __init__(self, exc: Exception, loc: Union[str, 'Loc']) -> None:
+        self.exc = exc
+        self._loc = loc
+
+    def loc_tuple(self) -> 'Loc':
+        if isinstance(self._loc, tuple):
+            return self._loc
+        else:
+            return (self._loc,)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [('exc', self.exc), ('loc', self.loc_tuple())]
+
+
+# ErrorList is something like Union[List[Union[List[ErrorWrapper], ErrorWrapper]], ErrorWrapper]
+# but recursive, therefore just use:
+ErrorList = Union[Sequence[Any], ErrorWrapper]
+
+
+class ValidationError(Representation, ValueError):
+    __slots__ = 'raw_errors', 'model', '_error_cache'
+
+    def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[ErrorList], model: 'ModelOrDc') -> None:
+        self.raw_errors = errors
+        self.model = model
+        self._error_cache: Optional[List['ErrorDict']] = None
+
+    def errors(self) -> List['ErrorDict']:
+        if self._error_cache is None:
+            try:
+                config = self.model.__config__  # type: ignore
+            except AttributeError:
+                config = self.model.__pydantic_model__.__config__  # type: ignore
+            self._error_cache = list(flatten_errors(self.raw_errors, config))
+        return self._error_cache
+
+    def json(self, *, indent: Union[None, int, str] = 2) -> str:
+        return json.dumps(self.errors(), indent=indent, default=pydantic_encoder)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        errors = self.errors()
+        no_errors = len(errors)
+        return (
+            f'{no_errors} validation error{"" if no_errors == 1 else "s"} for {self.model.__name__}\n'
+            f'{display_errors(errors)}'
+        )
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [('model', self.model.__name__), ('errors', self.errors())]
+
+
+def display_errors(errors: List['ErrorDict']) -> str:
+    return '\n'.join(f'{_display_error_loc(e)}\n  {e["msg"]} ({_display_error_type_and_ctx(e)})' for e in errors)
+
+
+def _display_error_loc(error: 'ErrorDict') -> str:
+    return ' -> '.join(str(e) for e in error['loc'])
+
+
+def _display_error_type_and_ctx(error: 'ErrorDict') -> str:
+    t = 'type=' + error['type']
+    ctx = error.get('ctx')
+    if ctx:
+        return t + ''.join(f'; {k}={v}' for k, v in ctx.items())
+    else:
+        return t
+
+
+def flatten_errors(
+    errors: Sequence[Any], config: Type['BaseConfig'], loc: Optional['Loc'] = None
+) -> Generator['ErrorDict', None, None]:
+    for error in errors:
+        if isinstance(error, ErrorWrapper):
+            if loc:
+                error_loc = loc + error.loc_tuple()
+            else:
+                error_loc = error.loc_tuple()
+
+            if isinstance(error.exc, ValidationError):
+                yield from flatten_errors(error.exc.raw_errors, config, error_loc)
+            else:
+                yield error_dict(error.exc, config, error_loc)
+        elif isinstance(error, list):
+            yield from flatten_errors(error, config, loc=loc)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'Unknown error object: {error}')
+
+
+def error_dict(exc: Exception, config: Type['BaseConfig'], loc: 'Loc') -> 'ErrorDict':
+    type_ = get_exc_type(exc.__class__)
+    msg_template = config.error_msg_templates.get(type_) or getattr(exc, 'msg_template', None)
+    ctx = exc.__dict__
+    if msg_template:
+        msg = msg_template.format(**ctx)
+    else:
+        msg = str(exc)
+
+    d: 'ErrorDict' = {'loc': loc, 'msg': msg, 'type': type_}
+
+    if ctx:
+        d['ctx'] = ctx
+
+    return d
+
+
+_EXC_TYPE_CACHE: Dict[Type[Exception], str] = {}
+
+
+def get_exc_type(cls: Type[Exception]) -> str:
+    # slightly more efficient than using lru_cache since we don't need to worry about the cache filling up
+    try:
+        return _EXC_TYPE_CACHE[cls]
+    except KeyError:
+        r = _get_exc_type(cls)
+        _EXC_TYPE_CACHE[cls] = r
+        return r
+
+
+def _get_exc_type(cls: Type[Exception]) -> str:
+    if issubclass(cls, AssertionError):
+        return 'assertion_error'
+
+    base_name = 'type_error' if issubclass(cls, TypeError) else 'value_error'
+    if cls in (TypeError, ValueError):
+        # just TypeError or ValueError, no extra code
+        return base_name
+
+    # if it's not a TypeError or ValueError, we just take the lowercase of the exception name
+    # no chaining or snake case logic, use "code" for more complex error types.
+    code = getattr(cls, 'code', None) or cls.__name__.replace('Error', '').lower()
+    return base_name + '.' + code
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e86442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.typing import display_as_type
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import DictStrAny
+
+# explicitly state exports to avoid "from pydantic.v1.errors import *" also importing Decimal, Path etc.
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticTypeError',
+    'PydanticValueError',
+    'ConfigError',
+    'MissingError',
+    'ExtraError',
+    'NoneIsNotAllowedError',
+    'NoneIsAllowedError',
+    'WrongConstantError',
+    'NotNoneError',
+    'BoolError',
+    'BytesError',
+    'DictError',
+    'EmailError',
+    'UrlError',
+    'UrlSchemeError',
+    'UrlSchemePermittedError',
+    'UrlUserInfoError',
+    'UrlHostError',
+    'UrlHostTldError',
+    'UrlPortError',
+    'UrlExtraError',
+    'EnumError',
+    'IntEnumError',
+    'EnumMemberError',
+    'IntegerError',
+    'FloatError',
+    'PathError',
+    'PathNotExistsError',
+    'PathNotAFileError',
+    'PathNotADirectoryError',
+    'PyObjectError',
+    'SequenceError',
+    'ListError',
+    'SetError',
+    'FrozenSetError',
+    'TupleError',
+    'TupleLengthError',
+    'ListMinLengthError',
+    'ListMaxLengthError',
+    'ListUniqueItemsError',
+    'SetMinLengthError',
+    'SetMaxLengthError',
+    'FrozenSetMinLengthError',
+    'FrozenSetMaxLengthError',
+    'AnyStrMinLengthError',
+    'AnyStrMaxLengthError',
+    'StrError',
+    'StrRegexError',
+    'NumberNotGtError',
+    'NumberNotGeError',
+    'NumberNotLtError',
+    'NumberNotLeError',
+    'NumberNotMultipleError',
+    'DecimalError',
+    'DecimalIsNotFiniteError',
+    'DecimalMaxDigitsError',
+    'DecimalMaxPlacesError',
+    'DecimalWholeDigitsError',
+    'DateTimeError',
+    'DateError',
+    'DateNotInThePastError',
+    'DateNotInTheFutureError',
+    'TimeError',
+    'DurationError',
+    'HashableError',
+    'UUIDError',
+    'UUIDVersionError',
+    'ArbitraryTypeError',
+    'ClassError',
+    'SubclassError',
+    'JsonError',
+    'JsonTypeError',
+    'PatternError',
+    'DataclassTypeError',
+    'CallableError',
+    'IPvAnyAddressError',
+    'IPvAnyInterfaceError',
+    'IPvAnyNetworkError',
+    'IPv4AddressError',
+    'IPv6AddressError',
+    'IPv4NetworkError',
+    'IPv6NetworkError',
+    'IPv4InterfaceError',
+    'IPv6InterfaceError',
+    'ColorError',
+    'StrictBoolError',
+    'NotDigitError',
+    'LuhnValidationError',
+    'InvalidLengthForBrand',
+    'InvalidByteSize',
+    'InvalidByteSizeUnit',
+    'MissingDiscriminator',
+    'InvalidDiscriminator',
+)
+
+
+def cls_kwargs(cls: Type['PydanticErrorMixin'], ctx: 'DictStrAny') -> 'PydanticErrorMixin':
+    """
+    For built-in exceptions like ValueError or TypeError, we need to implement
+    __reduce__ to override the default behaviour (instead of __getstate__/__setstate__)
+    By default pickle protocol 2 calls `cls.__new__(cls, *args)`.
+    Since we only use kwargs, we need a little constructor to change that.
+    Note: the callable can't be a lambda as pickle looks in the namespace to find it
+    """
+    return cls(**ctx)
+
+
+class PydanticErrorMixin:
+    code: str
+    msg_template: str
+
+    def __init__(self, **ctx: Any) -> None:
+        self.__dict__ = ctx
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.msg_template.format(**self.__dict__)
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> Tuple[Callable[..., 'PydanticErrorMixin'], Tuple[Type['PydanticErrorMixin'], 'DictStrAny']]:
+        return cls_kwargs, (self.__class__, self.__dict__)
+
+
+class PydanticTypeError(PydanticErrorMixin, TypeError):
+    pass
+
+
+class PydanticValueError(PydanticErrorMixin, ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfigError(RuntimeError):
+    pass
+
+
+class MissingError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'field required'
+
+
+class ExtraError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'extra fields not permitted'
+
+
+class NoneIsNotAllowedError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'none.not_allowed'
+    msg_template = 'none is not an allowed value'
+
+
+class NoneIsAllowedError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'none.allowed'
+    msg_template = 'value is not none'
+
+
+class WrongConstantError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'const'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        permitted = ', '.join(repr(v) for v in self.permitted)  # type: ignore
+        return f'unexpected value; permitted: {permitted}'
+
+
+class NotNoneError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'not_none'
+    msg_template = 'value is not None'
+
+
+class BoolError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value could not be parsed to a boolean'
+
+
+class BytesError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'byte type expected'
+
+
+class DictError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid dict'
+
+
+class EmailError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid email address'
+
+
+class UrlError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'url'
+
+
+class UrlSchemeError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.scheme'
+    msg_template = 'invalid or missing URL scheme'
+
+
+class UrlSchemePermittedError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.scheme'
+    msg_template = 'URL scheme not permitted'
+
+    def __init__(self, allowed_schemes: Set[str]):
+        super().__init__(allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes)
+
+
+class UrlUserInfoError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.userinfo'
+    msg_template = 'userinfo required in URL but missing'
+
+
+class UrlHostError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.host'
+    msg_template = 'URL host invalid'
+
+
+class UrlHostTldError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.host'
+    msg_template = 'URL host invalid, top level domain required'
+
+
+class UrlPortError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.port'
+    msg_template = 'URL port invalid, port cannot exceed 65535'
+
+
+class UrlExtraError(UrlError):
+    code = 'url.extra'
+    msg_template = 'URL invalid, extra characters found after valid URL: {extra!r}'
+
+
+class EnumMemberError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'enum'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        permitted = ', '.join(repr(v.value) for v in self.enum_values)  # type: ignore
+        return f'value is not a valid enumeration member; permitted: {permitted}'
+
+
+class IntegerError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid integer'
+
+
+class FloatError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid float'
+
+
+class PathError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid path'
+
+
+class _PathValueError(PydanticValueError):
+    def __init__(self, *, path: Path) -> None:
+        super().__init__(path=str(path))
+
+
+class PathNotExistsError(_PathValueError):
+    code = 'path.not_exists'
+    msg_template = 'file or directory at path "{path}" does not exist'
+
+
+class PathNotAFileError(_PathValueError):
+    code = 'path.not_a_file'
+    msg_template = 'path "{path}" does not point to a file'
+
+
+class PathNotADirectoryError(_PathValueError):
+    code = 'path.not_a_directory'
+    msg_template = 'path "{path}" does not point to a directory'
+
+
+class PyObjectError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value contains valid import path or valid callable: {error_message}'
+
+
+class SequenceError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid sequence'
+
+
+class IterableError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid iterable'
+
+
+class ListError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid list'
+
+
+class SetError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid set'
+
+
+class FrozenSetError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid frozenset'
+
+
+class DequeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid deque'
+
+
+class TupleError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid tuple'
+
+
+class TupleLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'tuple.length'
+    msg_template = 'wrong tuple length {actual_length}, expected {expected_length}'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, actual_length: int, expected_length: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(actual_length=actual_length, expected_length=expected_length)
+
+
+class ListMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'list.min_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class ListMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'list.max_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class ListUniqueItemsError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'list.unique_items'
+    msg_template = 'the list has duplicated items'
+
+
+class SetMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'set.min_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class SetMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'set.max_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class FrozenSetMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'frozenset.min_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class FrozenSetMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'frozenset.max_items'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} items'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class AnyStrMinLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'any_str.min_length'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at least {limit_value} characters'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class AnyStrMaxLengthError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'any_str.max_length'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value has at most {limit_value} characters'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class StrError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'str type expected'
+
+
+class StrRegexError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'str.regex'
+    msg_template = 'string does not match regex "{pattern}"'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, pattern: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(pattern=pattern)
+
+
+class _NumberBoundError(PydanticValueError):
+    def __init__(self, *, limit_value: Union[int, float, Decimal]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(limit_value=limit_value)
+
+
+class NumberNotGtError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_gt'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is greater than {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotGeError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_ge'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is greater than or equal to {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotLtError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_lt'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is less than {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotLeError(_NumberBoundError):
+    code = 'number.not_le'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is less than or equal to {limit_value}'
+
+
+class NumberNotFiniteError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'number.not_finite_number'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is a finite number'
+
+
+class NumberNotMultipleError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'number.not_multiple'
+    msg_template = 'ensure this value is a multiple of {multiple_of}'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, multiple_of: Union[int, float, Decimal]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(multiple_of=multiple_of)
+
+
+class DecimalError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid decimal'
+
+
+class DecimalIsNotFiniteError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.not_finite'
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid decimal'
+
+
+class DecimalMaxDigitsError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.max_digits'
+    msg_template = 'ensure that there are no more than {max_digits} digits in total'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, max_digits: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(max_digits=max_digits)
+
+
+class DecimalMaxPlacesError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.max_places'
+    msg_template = 'ensure that there are no more than {decimal_places} decimal places'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, decimal_places: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(decimal_places=decimal_places)
+
+
+class DecimalWholeDigitsError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'decimal.whole_digits'
+    msg_template = 'ensure that there are no more than {whole_digits} digits before the decimal point'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, whole_digits: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(whole_digits=whole_digits)
+
+
+class DateTimeError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid datetime format'
+
+
+class DateError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid date format'
+
+
+class DateNotInThePastError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'date.not_in_the_past'
+    msg_template = 'date is not in the past'
+
+
+class DateNotInTheFutureError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'date.not_in_the_future'
+    msg_template = 'date is not in the future'
+
+
+class TimeError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid time format'
+
+
+class DurationError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'invalid duration format'
+
+
+class HashableError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid hashable'
+
+
+class UUIDError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid uuid'
+
+
+class UUIDVersionError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'uuid.version'
+    msg_template = 'uuid version {required_version} expected'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, required_version: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(required_version=required_version)
+
+
+class ArbitraryTypeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'arbitrary_type'
+    msg_template = 'instance of {expected_arbitrary_type} expected'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, expected_arbitrary_type: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(expected_arbitrary_type=display_as_type(expected_arbitrary_type))
+
+
+class ClassError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'class'
+    msg_template = 'a class is expected'
+
+
+class SubclassError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'subclass'
+    msg_template = 'subclass of {expected_class} expected'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, expected_class: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(expected_class=display_as_type(expected_class))
+
+
+class JsonError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'Invalid JSON'
+
+
+class JsonTypeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'json'
+    msg_template = 'JSON object must be str, bytes or bytearray'
+
+
+class PatternError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'regex_pattern'
+    msg_template = 'Invalid regular expression'
+
+
+class DataclassTypeError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'dataclass'
+    msg_template = 'instance of {class_name}, tuple or dict expected'
+
+
+class CallableError(PydanticTypeError):
+    msg_template = '{value} is not callable'
+
+
+class EnumError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'enum_instance'
+    msg_template = '{value} is not a valid Enum instance'
+
+
+class IntEnumError(PydanticTypeError):
+    code = 'int_enum_instance'
+    msg_template = '{value} is not a valid IntEnum instance'
+
+
+class IPvAnyAddressError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address'
+
+
+class IPvAnyInterfaceError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 interface'
+
+
+class IPvAnyNetworkError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 network'
+
+
+class IPv4AddressError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 address'
+
+
+class IPv6AddressError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv6 address'
+
+
+class IPv4NetworkError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 network'
+
+
+class IPv6NetworkError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv6 network'
+
+
+class IPv4InterfaceError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv4 interface'
+
+
+class IPv6InterfaceError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid IPv6 interface'
+
+
+class ColorError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid color: {reason}'
+
+
+class StrictBoolError(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'value is not a valid boolean'
+
+
+class NotDigitError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'payment_card_number.digits'
+    msg_template = 'card number is not all digits'
+
+
+class LuhnValidationError(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'payment_card_number.luhn_check'
+    msg_template = 'card number is not luhn valid'
+
+
+class InvalidLengthForBrand(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'payment_card_number.invalid_length_for_brand'
+    msg_template = 'Length for a {brand} card must be {required_length}'
+
+
+class InvalidByteSize(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'could not parse value and unit from byte string'
+
+
+class InvalidByteSizeUnit(PydanticValueError):
+    msg_template = 'could not interpret byte unit: {unit}'
+
+
+class MissingDiscriminator(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'discriminated_union.missing_discriminator'
+    msg_template = 'Discriminator {discriminator_key!r} is missing in value'
+
+
+class InvalidDiscriminator(PydanticValueError):
+    code = 'discriminated_union.invalid_discriminator'
+    msg_template = (
+        'No match for discriminator {discriminator_key!r} and value {discriminator_value!r} '
+        '(allowed values: {allowed_values})'
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *, discriminator_key: str, discriminator_value: Any, allowed_values: Sequence[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            discriminator_key=discriminator_key,
+            discriminator_value=discriminator_value,
+            allowed_values=', '.join(map(repr, allowed_values)),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/fields.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/fields.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..002b60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/fields.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1253 @@
+import copy
+import re
+from collections import Counter as CollectionCounter, defaultdict, deque
+from collections.abc import Callable, Hashable as CollectionsHashable, Iterable as CollectionsIterable
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Counter,
+    DefaultDict,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Final
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors as errors_
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import Validator, make_generic_validator, prep_validators
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError, InvalidDiscriminator, MissingDiscriminator, NoneIsNotAllowedError
+from pydantic.v1.types import Json, JsonWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    NoArgAnyCallable,
+    convert_generics,
+    display_as_type,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    is_finalvar,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_new_type,
+    is_none_type,
+    is_typeddict,
+    is_typeddict_special,
+    is_union,
+    new_type_supertype,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import (
+    PyObjectStr,
+    Representation,
+    ValueItems,
+    get_discriminator_alias_and_values,
+    get_unique_discriminator_alias,
+    lenient_isinstance,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+    sequence_like,
+    smart_deepcopy,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.validators import constant_validator, dict_validator, find_validators, validate_json
+
+Required: Any = Ellipsis
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class UndefinedType:
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return 'PydanticUndefined'
+
+    def __copy__(self: T) -> T:
+        return self
+
+    def __reduce__(self) -> str:
+        return 'Undefined'
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self: T, _: Any) -> T:
+        return self
+
+
+Undefined = UndefinedType()
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.class_validators import ValidatorsList
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ErrorList
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AbstractSetIntStr, MappingIntStrAny, ReprArgs
+
+    ValidateReturn = Tuple[Optional[Any], Optional[ErrorList]]
+    LocStr = Union[Tuple[Union[int, str], ...], str]
+    BoolUndefined = Union[bool, UndefinedType]
+
+
+class FieldInfo(Representation):
+    """
+    Captures extra information about a field.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'default',
+        'default_factory',
+        'alias',
+        'alias_priority',
+        'title',
+        'description',
+        'exclude',
+        'include',
+        'const',
+        'gt',
+        'ge',
+        'lt',
+        'le',
+        'multiple_of',
+        'allow_inf_nan',
+        'max_digits',
+        'decimal_places',
+        'min_items',
+        'max_items',
+        'unique_items',
+        'min_length',
+        'max_length',
+        'allow_mutation',
+        'repr',
+        'regex',
+        'discriminator',
+        'extra',
+    )
+
+    # field constraints with the default value, it's also used in update_from_config below
+    __field_constraints__ = {
+        'min_length': None,
+        'max_length': None,
+        'regex': None,
+        'gt': None,
+        'lt': None,
+        'ge': None,
+        'le': None,
+        'multiple_of': None,
+        'allow_inf_nan': None,
+        'max_digits': None,
+        'decimal_places': None,
+        'min_items': None,
+        'max_items': None,
+        'unique_items': None,
+        'allow_mutation': True,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, default: Any = Undefined, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.default = default
+        self.default_factory = kwargs.pop('default_factory', None)
+        self.alias = kwargs.pop('alias', None)
+        self.alias_priority = kwargs.pop('alias_priority', 2 if self.alias is not None else None)
+        self.title = kwargs.pop('title', None)
+        self.description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
+        self.exclude = kwargs.pop('exclude', None)
+        self.include = kwargs.pop('include', None)
+        self.const = kwargs.pop('const', None)
+        self.gt = kwargs.pop('gt', None)
+        self.ge = kwargs.pop('ge', None)
+        self.lt = kwargs.pop('lt', None)
+        self.le = kwargs.pop('le', None)
+        self.multiple_of = kwargs.pop('multiple_of', None)
+        self.allow_inf_nan = kwargs.pop('allow_inf_nan', None)
+        self.max_digits = kwargs.pop('max_digits', None)
+        self.decimal_places = kwargs.pop('decimal_places', None)
+        self.min_items = kwargs.pop('min_items', None)
+        self.max_items = kwargs.pop('max_items', None)
+        self.unique_items = kwargs.pop('unique_items', None)
+        self.min_length = kwargs.pop('min_length', None)
+        self.max_length = kwargs.pop('max_length', None)
+        self.allow_mutation = kwargs.pop('allow_mutation', True)
+        self.regex = kwargs.pop('regex', None)
+        self.discriminator = kwargs.pop('discriminator', None)
+        self.repr = kwargs.pop('repr', True)
+        self.extra = kwargs
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        field_defaults_to_hide: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            'repr': True,
+            **self.__field_constraints__,
+        }
+
+        attrs = ((s, getattr(self, s)) for s in self.__slots__)
+        return [(a, v) for a, v in attrs if v != field_defaults_to_hide.get(a, None)]
+
+    def get_constraints(self) -> Set[str]:
+        """
+        Gets the constraints set on the field by comparing the constraint value with its default value
+
+        :return: the constraints set on field_info
+        """
+        return {attr for attr, default in self.__field_constraints__.items() if getattr(self, attr) != default}
+
+    def update_from_config(self, from_config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """
+        Update this FieldInfo based on a dict from get_field_info, only fields which have not been set are dated.
+        """
+        for attr_name, value in from_config.items():
+            try:
+                current_value = getattr(self, attr_name)
+            except AttributeError:
+                # attr_name is not an attribute of FieldInfo, it should therefore be added to extra
+                # (except if extra already has this value!)
+                self.extra.setdefault(attr_name, value)
+            else:
+                if current_value is self.__field_constraints__.get(attr_name, None):
+                    setattr(self, attr_name, value)
+                elif attr_name == 'exclude':
+                    self.exclude = ValueItems.merge(value, current_value)
+                elif attr_name == 'include':
+                    self.include = ValueItems.merge(value, current_value, intersect=True)
+
+    def _validate(self) -> None:
+        if self.default is not Undefined and self.default_factory is not None:
+            raise ValueError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+
+def Field(
+    default: Any = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
+    alias: Optional[str] = None,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    description: Optional[str] = None,
+    exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny', Any]] = None,
+    include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny', Any]] = None,
+    const: Optional[bool] = None,
+    gt: Optional[float] = None,
+    ge: Optional[float] = None,
+    lt: Optional[float] = None,
+    le: Optional[float] = None,
+    multiple_of: Optional[float] = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: Optional[bool] = None,
+    max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
+    decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None,
+    unique_items: Optional[bool] = None,
+    min_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    allow_mutation: bool = True,
+    regex: Optional[str] = None,
+    discriminator: Optional[str] = None,
+    repr: bool = True,
+    **extra: Any,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Used to provide extra information about a field, either for the model schema or complex validation. Some arguments
+    apply only to number fields (``int``, ``float``, ``Decimal``) and some apply only to ``str``.
+
+    :param default: since this is replacing the field’s default, its first argument is used
+      to set the default, use ellipsis (``...``) to indicate the field is required
+    :param default_factory: callable that will be called when a default value is needed for this field
+      If both `default` and `default_factory` are set, an error is raised.
+    :param alias: the public name of the field
+    :param title: can be any string, used in the schema
+    :param description: can be any string, used in the schema
+    :param exclude: exclude this field while dumping.
+      Takes same values as the ``include`` and ``exclude`` arguments on the ``.dict`` method.
+    :param include: include this field while dumping.
+      Takes same values as the ``include`` and ``exclude`` arguments on the ``.dict`` method.
+    :param const: this field is required and *must* take it's default value
+    :param gt: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "greater than". The schema
+      will have an ``exclusiveMinimum`` validation keyword
+    :param ge: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "greater than or equal to". The
+      schema will have a ``minimum`` validation keyword
+    :param lt: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "less than". The schema
+      will have an ``exclusiveMaximum`` validation keyword
+    :param le: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "less than or equal to". The
+      schema will have a ``maximum`` validation keyword
+    :param multiple_of: only applies to numbers, requires the field to be "a multiple of". The
+      schema will have a ``multipleOf`` validation keyword
+    :param allow_inf_nan: only applies to numbers, allows the field to be NaN or infinity (+inf or -inf),
+        which is a valid Python float. Default True, set to False for compatibility with JSON.
+    :param max_digits: only applies to Decimals, requires the field to have a maximum number
+      of digits within the decimal. It does not include a zero before the decimal point or trailing decimal zeroes.
+    :param decimal_places: only applies to Decimals, requires the field to have at most a number of decimal places
+      allowed. It does not include trailing decimal zeroes.
+    :param min_items: only applies to lists, requires the field to have a minimum number of
+      elements. The schema will have a ``minItems`` validation keyword
+    :param max_items: only applies to lists, requires the field to have a maximum number of
+      elements. The schema will have a ``maxItems`` validation keyword
+    :param unique_items: only applies to lists, requires the field not to have duplicated
+      elements. The schema will have a ``uniqueItems`` validation keyword
+    :param min_length: only applies to strings, requires the field to have a minimum length. The
+      schema will have a ``minLength`` validation keyword
+    :param max_length: only applies to strings, requires the field to have a maximum length. The
+      schema will have a ``maxLength`` validation keyword
+    :param allow_mutation: a boolean which defaults to True. When False, the field raises a TypeError if the field is
+      assigned on an instance.  The BaseModel Config must set validate_assignment to True
+    :param regex: only applies to strings, requires the field match against a regular expression
+      pattern string. The schema will have a ``pattern`` validation keyword
+    :param discriminator: only useful with a (discriminated a.k.a. tagged) `Union` of sub models with a common field.
+      The `discriminator` is the name of this common field to shorten validation and improve generated schema
+    :param repr: show this field in the representation
+    :param **extra: any additional keyword arguments will be added as is to the schema
+    """
+    field_info = FieldInfo(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        alias=alias,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        include=include,
+        const=const,
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        min_items=min_items,
+        max_items=max_items,
+        unique_items=unique_items,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allow_mutation=allow_mutation,
+        regex=regex,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        repr=repr,
+        **extra,
+    )
+    field_info._validate()
+    return field_info
+
+
+# used to be an enum but changed to int's for small performance improvement as less access overhead
+SHAPE_SINGLETON = 1
+SHAPE_LIST = 2
+SHAPE_SET = 3
+SHAPE_MAPPING = 4
+SHAPE_TUPLE = 5
+SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS = 6
+SHAPE_SEQUENCE = 7
+SHAPE_FROZENSET = 8
+SHAPE_ITERABLE = 9
+SHAPE_GENERIC = 10
+SHAPE_DEQUE = 11
+SHAPE_DICT = 12
+SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT = 13
+SHAPE_COUNTER = 14
+SHAPE_NAME_LOOKUP = {
+    SHAPE_LIST: 'List[{}]',
+    SHAPE_SET: 'Set[{}]',
+    SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS: 'Tuple[{}, ...]',
+    SHAPE_SEQUENCE: 'Sequence[{}]',
+    SHAPE_FROZENSET: 'FrozenSet[{}]',
+    SHAPE_ITERABLE: 'Iterable[{}]',
+    SHAPE_DEQUE: 'Deque[{}]',
+    SHAPE_DICT: 'Dict[{}]',
+    SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT: 'DefaultDict[{}]',
+    SHAPE_COUNTER: 'Counter[{}]',
+}
+
+MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES: Set[int] = {SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT, SHAPE_DICT, SHAPE_MAPPING, SHAPE_COUNTER}
+
+
+class ModelField(Representation):
+    __slots__ = (
+        'type_',
+        'outer_type_',
+        'annotation',
+        'sub_fields',
+        'sub_fields_mapping',
+        'key_field',
+        'validators',
+        'pre_validators',
+        'post_validators',
+        'default',
+        'default_factory',
+        'required',
+        'final',
+        'model_config',
+        'name',
+        'alias',
+        'has_alias',
+        'field_info',
+        'discriminator_key',
+        'discriminator_alias',
+        'validate_always',
+        'allow_none',
+        'shape',
+        'class_validators',
+        'parse_json',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        type_: Type[Any],
+        class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]],
+        model_config: Type['BaseConfig'],
+        default: Any = None,
+        default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
+        required: 'BoolUndefined' = Undefined,
+        final: bool = False,
+        alias: Optional[str] = None,
+        field_info: Optional[FieldInfo] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.name: str = name
+        self.has_alias: bool = alias is not None
+        self.alias: str = alias if alias is not None else name
+        self.annotation = type_
+        self.type_: Any = convert_generics(type_)
+        self.outer_type_: Any = type_
+        self.class_validators = class_validators or {}
+        self.default: Any = default
+        self.default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = default_factory
+        self.required: 'BoolUndefined' = required
+        self.final: bool = final
+        self.model_config = model_config
+        self.field_info: FieldInfo = field_info or FieldInfo(default)
+        self.discriminator_key: Optional[str] = self.field_info.discriminator
+        self.discriminator_alias: Optional[str] = self.discriminator_key
+
+        self.allow_none: bool = False
+        self.validate_always: bool = False
+        self.sub_fields: Optional[List[ModelField]] = None
+        self.sub_fields_mapping: Optional[Dict[str, 'ModelField']] = None  # used for discriminated union
+        self.key_field: Optional[ModelField] = None
+        self.validators: 'ValidatorsList' = []
+        self.pre_validators: Optional['ValidatorsList'] = None
+        self.post_validators: Optional['ValidatorsList'] = None
+        self.parse_json: bool = False
+        self.shape: int = SHAPE_SINGLETON
+        self.model_config.prepare_field(self)
+        self.prepare()
+
+    def get_default(self) -> Any:
+        return smart_deepcopy(self.default) if self.default_factory is None else self.default_factory()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_field_info(
+        field_name: str, annotation: Any, value: Any, config: Type['BaseConfig']
+    ) -> Tuple[FieldInfo, Any]:
+        """
+        Get a FieldInfo from a root typing.Annotated annotation, value, or config default.
+
+        The FieldInfo may be set in typing.Annotated or the value, but not both. If neither contain
+        a FieldInfo, a new one will be created using the config.
+
+        :param field_name: name of the field for use in error messages
+        :param annotation: a type hint such as `str` or `Annotated[str, Field(..., min_length=5)]`
+        :param value: the field's assigned value
+        :param config: the model's config object
+        :return: the FieldInfo contained in the `annotation`, the value, or a new one from the config.
+        """
+        field_info_from_config = config.get_field_info(field_name)
+
+        field_info = None
+        if get_origin(annotation) is Annotated:
+            field_infos = [arg for arg in get_args(annotation)[1:] if isinstance(arg, FieldInfo)]
+            if len(field_infos) > 1:
+                raise ValueError(f'cannot specify multiple `Annotated` `Field`s for {field_name!r}')
+            field_info = next(iter(field_infos), None)
+            if field_info is not None:
+                field_info = copy.copy(field_info)
+                field_info.update_from_config(field_info_from_config)
+                if field_info.default not in (Undefined, Required):
+                    raise ValueError(f'`Field` default cannot be set in `Annotated` for {field_name!r}')
+                if value is not Undefined and value is not Required:
+                    # check also `Required` because of `validate_arguments` that sets `...` as default value
+                    field_info.default = value
+
+        if isinstance(value, FieldInfo):
+            if field_info is not None:
+                raise ValueError(f'cannot specify `Annotated` and value `Field`s together for {field_name!r}')
+            field_info = value
+            field_info.update_from_config(field_info_from_config)
+        elif field_info is None:
+            field_info = FieldInfo(value, **field_info_from_config)
+        value = None if field_info.default_factory is not None else field_info.default
+        field_info._validate()
+        return field_info, value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def infer(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        name: str,
+        value: Any,
+        annotation: Any,
+        class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]],
+        config: Type['BaseConfig'],
+    ) -> 'ModelField':
+        from pydantic.v1.schema import get_annotation_from_field_info
+
+        field_info, value = cls._get_field_info(name, annotation, value, config)
+        required: 'BoolUndefined' = Undefined
+        if value is Required:
+            required = True
+            value = None
+        elif value is not Undefined:
+            required = False
+        annotation = get_annotation_from_field_info(annotation, field_info, name, config.validate_assignment)
+
+        return cls(
+            name=name,
+            type_=annotation,
+            alias=field_info.alias,
+            class_validators=class_validators,
+            default=value,
+            default_factory=field_info.default_factory,
+            required=required,
+            model_config=config,
+            field_info=field_info,
+        )
+
+    def set_config(self, config: Type['BaseConfig']) -> None:
+        self.model_config = config
+        info_from_config = config.get_field_info(self.name)
+        config.prepare_field(self)
+        new_alias = info_from_config.get('alias')
+        new_alias_priority = info_from_config.get('alias_priority') or 0
+        if new_alias and new_alias_priority >= (self.field_info.alias_priority or 0):
+            self.field_info.alias = new_alias
+            self.field_info.alias_priority = new_alias_priority
+            self.alias = new_alias
+        new_exclude = info_from_config.get('exclude')
+        if new_exclude is not None:
+            self.field_info.exclude = ValueItems.merge(self.field_info.exclude, new_exclude)
+        new_include = info_from_config.get('include')
+        if new_include is not None:
+            self.field_info.include = ValueItems.merge(self.field_info.include, new_include, intersect=True)
+
+    @property
+    def alt_alias(self) -> bool:
+        return self.name != self.alias
+
+    def prepare(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Prepare the field but inspecting self.default, self.type_ etc.
+
+        Note: this method is **not** idempotent (because _type_analysis is not idempotent),
+        e.g. calling it it multiple times may modify the field and configure it incorrectly.
+        """
+        self._set_default_and_type()
+        if self.type_.__class__ is ForwardRef or self.type_.__class__ is DeferredType:
+            # self.type_ is currently a ForwardRef and there's nothing we can do now,
+            # user will need to call model.update_forward_refs()
+            return
+
+        self._type_analysis()
+        if self.required is Undefined:
+            self.required = True
+        if self.default is Undefined and self.default_factory is None:
+            self.default = None
+        self.populate_validators()
+
+    def _set_default_and_type(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the default value, infer the type if needed and check if `None` value is valid.
+        """
+        if self.default_factory is not None:
+            if self.type_ is Undefined:
+                raise errors_.ConfigError(
+                    f'you need to set the type of field {self.name!r} when using `default_factory`'
+                )
+            return
+
+        default_value = self.get_default()
+
+        if default_value is not None and self.type_ is Undefined:
+            self.type_ = default_value.__class__
+            self.outer_type_ = self.type_
+            self.annotation = self.type_
+
+        if self.type_ is Undefined:
+            raise errors_.ConfigError(f'unable to infer type for attribute "{self.name}"')
+
+        if self.required is False and default_value is None:
+            self.allow_none = True
+
+    def _type_analysis(self) -> None:  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        # typing interface is horrible, we have to do some ugly checks
+        if lenient_issubclass(self.type_, JsonWrapper):
+            self.type_ = self.type_.inner_type
+            self.parse_json = True
+        elif lenient_issubclass(self.type_, Json):
+            self.type_ = Any
+            self.parse_json = True
+        elif isinstance(self.type_, TypeVar):
+            if self.type_.__bound__:
+                self.type_ = self.type_.__bound__
+            elif self.type_.__constraints__:
+                self.type_ = Union[self.type_.__constraints__]
+            else:
+                self.type_ = Any
+        elif is_new_type(self.type_):
+            self.type_ = new_type_supertype(self.type_)
+
+        if self.type_ is Any or self.type_ is object:
+            if self.required is Undefined:
+                self.required = False
+            self.allow_none = True
+            return
+        elif self.type_ is Pattern or self.type_ is re.Pattern:
+            # python 3.7 only, Pattern is a typing object but without sub fields
+            return
+        elif is_literal_type(self.type_):
+            return
+        elif is_typeddict(self.type_):
+            return
+
+        if is_finalvar(self.type_):
+            self.final = True
+
+            if self.type_ is Final:
+                self.type_ = Any
+            else:
+                self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+
+            self._type_analysis()
+            return
+
+        origin = get_origin(self.type_)
+
+        if origin is Annotated or is_typeddict_special(origin):
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self._type_analysis()
+            return
+
+        if self.discriminator_key is not None and not is_union(origin):
+            raise TypeError('`discriminator` can only be used with `Union` type with more than one variant')
+
+        # add extra check for `collections.abc.Hashable` for python 3.10+ where origin is not `None`
+        if origin is None or origin is CollectionsHashable:
+            # field is not "typing" object eg. Union, Dict, List etc.
+            # allow None for virtual superclasses of NoneType, e.g. Hashable
+            if isinstance(self.type_, type) and isinstance(None, self.type_):
+                self.allow_none = True
+            return
+        elif origin is Callable:
+            return
+        elif is_union(origin):
+            types_ = []
+            for type_ in get_args(self.type_):
+                if is_none_type(type_) or type_ is Any or type_ is object:
+                    if self.required is Undefined:
+                        self.required = False
+                    self.allow_none = True
+                if is_none_type(type_):
+                    continue
+                types_.append(type_)
+
+            if len(types_) == 1:
+                # Optional[]
+                self.type_ = types_[0]
+                # this is the one case where the "outer type" isn't just the original type
+                self.outer_type_ = self.type_
+                # re-run to correctly interpret the new self.type_
+                self._type_analysis()
+            else:
+                self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(t, f'{self.name}_{display_as_type(t)}') for t in types_]
+
+                if self.discriminator_key is not None:
+                    self.prepare_discriminated_union_sub_fields()
+            return
+        elif issubclass(origin, Tuple):  # type: ignore
+            # origin == Tuple without item type
+            args = get_args(self.type_)
+            if not args:  # plain tuple
+                self.type_ = Any
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS
+            elif len(args) == 2 and args[1] is Ellipsis:  # e.g. Tuple[int, ...]
+                self.type_ = args[0]
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS
+                self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(args[0], f'{self.name}_0')]
+            elif args == ((),):  # Tuple[()] means empty tuple
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE
+                self.type_ = Any
+                self.sub_fields = []
+            else:
+                self.shape = SHAPE_TUPLE
+                self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(t, f'{self.name}_{i}') for i, t in enumerate(args)]
+            return
+        elif issubclass(origin, List):
+            # Create self validators
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            if get_validators:
+                self.class_validators.update(
+                    {f'list_{i}': Validator(validator, pre=True) for i, validator in enumerate(get_validators())}
+                )
+
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_LIST
+        elif issubclass(origin, Set):
+            # Create self validators
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            if get_validators:
+                self.class_validators.update(
+                    {f'set_{i}': Validator(validator, pre=True) for i, validator in enumerate(get_validators())}
+                )
+
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_SET
+        elif issubclass(origin, FrozenSet):
+            # Create self validators
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            if get_validators:
+                self.class_validators.update(
+                    {f'frozenset_{i}': Validator(validator, pre=True) for i, validator in enumerate(get_validators())}
+                )
+
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_FROZENSET
+        elif issubclass(origin, Deque):
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_DEQUE
+        elif issubclass(origin, Sequence):
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_SEQUENCE
+        # priority to most common mapping: dict
+        elif origin is dict or origin is Dict:
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[1]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_DICT
+        elif issubclass(origin, DefaultDict):
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[1]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT
+        elif issubclass(origin, Counter):
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = int
+            self.shape = SHAPE_COUNTER
+        elif issubclass(origin, Mapping):
+            self.key_field = self._create_sub_type(get_args(self.type_)[0], 'key_' + self.name, for_keys=True)
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[1]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_MAPPING
+        # Equality check as almost everything inherits form Iterable, including str
+        # check for Iterable and CollectionsIterable, as it could receive one even when declared with the other
+        elif origin in {Iterable, CollectionsIterable}:
+            self.type_ = get_args(self.type_)[0]
+            self.shape = SHAPE_ITERABLE
+            self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(self.type_, f'{self.name}_type')]
+        elif issubclass(origin, Type):  # type: ignore
+            return
+        elif hasattr(origin, '__get_validators__') or self.model_config.arbitrary_types_allowed:
+            # Is a Pydantic-compatible generic that handles itself
+            # or we have arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+            self.shape = SHAPE_GENERIC
+            self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(t, f'{self.name}_{i}') for i, t in enumerate(get_args(self.type_))]
+            self.type_ = origin
+            return
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Fields of type "{origin}" are not supported.')
+
+        # type_ has been refined eg. as the type of a List and sub_fields needs to be populated
+        self.sub_fields = [self._create_sub_type(self.type_, '_' + self.name)]
+
+    def prepare_discriminated_union_sub_fields(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Prepare the mapping <discriminator key> -> <ModelField> and update `sub_fields`
+        Note that this process can be aborted if a `ForwardRef` is encountered
+        """
+        assert self.discriminator_key is not None
+
+        if self.type_.__class__ is DeferredType:
+            return
+
+        assert self.sub_fields is not None
+        sub_fields_mapping: Dict[str, 'ModelField'] = {}
+        all_aliases: Set[str] = set()
+
+        for sub_field in self.sub_fields:
+            t = sub_field.type_
+            if t.__class__ is ForwardRef:
+                # Stopping everything...will need to call `update_forward_refs`
+                return
+
+            alias, discriminator_values = get_discriminator_alias_and_values(t, self.discriminator_key)
+            all_aliases.add(alias)
+            for discriminator_value in discriminator_values:
+                sub_fields_mapping[discriminator_value] = sub_field
+
+        self.sub_fields_mapping = sub_fields_mapping
+        self.discriminator_alias = get_unique_discriminator_alias(all_aliases, self.discriminator_key)
+
+    def _create_sub_type(self, type_: Type[Any], name: str, *, for_keys: bool = False) -> 'ModelField':
+        if for_keys:
+            class_validators = None
+        else:
+            # validators for sub items should not have `each_item` as we want to check only the first sublevel
+            class_validators = {
+                k: Validator(
+                    func=v.func,
+                    pre=v.pre,
+                    each_item=False,
+                    always=v.always,
+                    check_fields=v.check_fields,
+                    skip_on_failure=v.skip_on_failure,
+                )
+                for k, v in self.class_validators.items()
+                if v.each_item
+            }
+
+        field_info, _ = self._get_field_info(name, type_, None, self.model_config)
+
+        return self.__class__(
+            type_=type_,
+            name=name,
+            class_validators=class_validators,
+            model_config=self.model_config,
+            field_info=field_info,
+        )
+
+    def populate_validators(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Prepare self.pre_validators, self.validators, and self.post_validators based on self.type_'s  __get_validators__
+        and class validators. This method should be idempotent, e.g. it should be safe to call multiple times
+        without mis-configuring the field.
+        """
+        self.validate_always = getattr(self.type_, 'validate_always', False) or any(
+            v.always for v in self.class_validators.values()
+        )
+
+        class_validators_ = self.class_validators.values()
+        if not self.sub_fields or self.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            get_validators = getattr(self.type_, '__get_validators__', None)
+            v_funcs = (
+                *[v.func for v in class_validators_ if v.each_item and v.pre],
+                *(get_validators() if get_validators else list(find_validators(self.type_, self.model_config))),
+                *[v.func for v in class_validators_ if v.each_item and not v.pre],
+            )
+            self.validators = prep_validators(v_funcs)
+
+        self.pre_validators = []
+        self.post_validators = []
+
+        if self.field_info and self.field_info.const:
+            self.post_validators.append(make_generic_validator(constant_validator))
+
+        if class_validators_:
+            self.pre_validators += prep_validators(v.func for v in class_validators_ if not v.each_item and v.pre)
+            self.post_validators += prep_validators(v.func for v in class_validators_ if not v.each_item and not v.pre)
+
+        if self.parse_json:
+            self.pre_validators.append(make_generic_validator(validate_json))
+
+        self.pre_validators = self.pre_validators or None
+        self.post_validators = self.post_validators or None
+
+    def validate(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], *, loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc'] = None
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        assert self.type_.__class__ is not DeferredType
+
+        if self.type_.__class__ is ForwardRef:
+            assert cls is not None
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'field "{self.name}" not yet prepared so type is still a ForwardRef, '
+                f'you might need to call {cls.__name__}.update_forward_refs().'
+            )
+
+        errors: Optional['ErrorList']
+        if self.pre_validators:
+            v, errors = self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.pre_validators)
+            if errors:
+                return v, errors
+
+        if v is None:
+            if is_none_type(self.type_):
+                # keep validating
+                pass
+            elif self.allow_none:
+                if self.post_validators:
+                    return self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.post_validators)
+                else:
+                    return None, None
+            else:
+                return v, ErrorWrapper(NoneIsNotAllowedError(), loc)
+
+        if self.shape == SHAPE_SINGLETON:
+            v, errors = self._validate_singleton(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES:
+            v, errors = self._validate_mapping_like(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE:
+            v, errors = self._validate_tuple(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_ITERABLE:
+            v, errors = self._validate_iterable(v, values, loc, cls)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            v, errors = self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.validators)
+        else:
+            #  sequence, list, set, generator, tuple with ellipsis, frozen set
+            v, errors = self._validate_sequence_like(v, values, loc, cls)
+
+        if not errors and self.post_validators:
+            v, errors = self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.post_validators)
+        return v, errors
+
+    def _validate_sequence_like(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        """
+        Validate sequence-like containers: lists, tuples, sets and generators
+        Note that large if-else blocks are necessary to enable Cython
+        optimization, which is why we disable the complexity check above.
+        """
+        if not sequence_like(v):
+            e: errors_.PydanticTypeError
+            if self.shape == SHAPE_LIST:
+                e = errors_.ListError()
+            elif self.shape in (SHAPE_TUPLE, SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS):
+                e = errors_.TupleError()
+            elif self.shape == SHAPE_SET:
+                e = errors_.SetError()
+            elif self.shape == SHAPE_FROZENSET:
+                e = errors_.FrozenSetError()
+            else:
+                e = errors_.SequenceError()
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(e, loc)
+
+        loc = loc if isinstance(loc, tuple) else (loc,)
+        result = []
+        errors: List[ErrorList] = []
+        for i, v_ in enumerate(v):
+            v_loc = *loc, i
+            r, ee = self._validate_singleton(v_, values, v_loc, cls)
+            if ee:
+                errors.append(ee)
+            else:
+                result.append(r)
+
+        if errors:
+            return v, errors
+
+        converted: Union[List[Any], Set[Any], FrozenSet[Any], Tuple[Any, ...], Iterator[Any], Deque[Any]] = result
+
+        if self.shape == SHAPE_SET:
+            converted = set(result)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_FROZENSET:
+            converted = frozenset(result)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS:
+            converted = tuple(result)
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_DEQUE:
+            converted = deque(result, maxlen=getattr(v, 'maxlen', None))
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_SEQUENCE:
+            if isinstance(v, tuple):
+                converted = tuple(result)
+            elif isinstance(v, set):
+                converted = set(result)
+            elif isinstance(v, Generator):
+                converted = iter(result)
+            elif isinstance(v, deque):
+                converted = deque(result, maxlen=getattr(v, 'maxlen', None))
+        return converted, None
+
+    def _validate_iterable(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        """
+        Validate Iterables.
+
+        This intentionally doesn't validate values to allow infinite generators.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            iterable = iter(v)
+        except TypeError:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(errors_.IterableError(), loc)
+        return iterable, None
+
+    def _validate_tuple(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        e: Optional[Exception] = None
+        if not sequence_like(v):
+            e = errors_.TupleError()
+        else:
+            actual_length, expected_length = len(v), len(self.sub_fields)  # type: ignore
+            if actual_length != expected_length:
+                e = errors_.TupleLengthError(actual_length=actual_length, expected_length=expected_length)
+
+        if e:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(e, loc)
+
+        loc = loc if isinstance(loc, tuple) else (loc,)
+        result = []
+        errors: List[ErrorList] = []
+        for i, (v_, field) in enumerate(zip(v, self.sub_fields)):  # type: ignore
+            v_loc = *loc, i
+            r, ee = field.validate(v_, values, loc=v_loc, cls=cls)
+            if ee:
+                errors.append(ee)
+            else:
+                result.append(r)
+
+        if errors:
+            return v, errors
+        else:
+            return tuple(result), None
+
+    def _validate_mapping_like(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        try:
+            v_iter = dict_validator(v)
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(exc, loc)
+
+        loc = loc if isinstance(loc, tuple) else (loc,)
+        result, errors = {}, []
+        for k, v_ in v_iter.items():
+            v_loc = *loc, '__key__'
+            key_result, key_errors = self.key_field.validate(k, values, loc=v_loc, cls=cls)  # type: ignore
+            if key_errors:
+                errors.append(key_errors)
+                continue
+
+            v_loc = *loc, k
+            value_result, value_errors = self._validate_singleton(v_, values, v_loc, cls)
+            if value_errors:
+                errors.append(value_errors)
+                continue
+
+            result[key_result] = value_result
+        if errors:
+            return v, errors
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_DICT:
+            return result, None
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_DEFAULTDICT:
+            return defaultdict(self.type_, result), None
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_COUNTER:
+            return CollectionCounter(result), None
+        else:
+            return self._get_mapping_value(v, result), None
+
+    def _get_mapping_value(self, original: T, converted: Dict[Any, Any]) -> Union[T, Dict[Any, Any]]:
+        """
+        When type is `Mapping[KT, KV]` (or another unsupported mapping), we try to avoid
+        coercing to `dict` unwillingly.
+        """
+        original_cls = original.__class__
+
+        if original_cls == dict or original_cls == Dict:
+            return converted
+        elif original_cls in {defaultdict, DefaultDict}:
+            return defaultdict(self.type_, converted)
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Counter, OrderedDict, UserDict, ...
+                return original_cls(converted)  # type: ignore
+            except TypeError:
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Could not convert dictionary to {original_cls.__name__!r}') from None
+
+    def _validate_singleton(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        if self.sub_fields:
+            if self.discriminator_key is not None:
+                return self._validate_discriminated_union(v, values, loc, cls)
+
+            errors = []
+
+            if self.model_config.smart_union and is_union(get_origin(self.type_)):
+                # 1st pass: check if the value is an exact instance of one of the Union types
+                # (e.g. to avoid coercing a bool into an int)
+                for field in self.sub_fields:
+                    if v.__class__ is field.outer_type_:
+                        return v, None
+
+                # 2nd pass: check if the value is an instance of any subclass of the Union types
+                for field in self.sub_fields:
+                    # This whole logic will be improved later on to support more complex `isinstance` checks
+                    # It will probably be done once a strict mode is added and be something like:
+                    # ```
+                    #     value, error = field.validate(v, values, strict=True)
+                    #     if error is None:
+                    #         return value, None
+                    # ```
+                    try:
+                        if isinstance(v, field.outer_type_):
+                            return v, None
+                    except TypeError:
+                        # compound type
+                        if lenient_isinstance(v, get_origin(field.outer_type_)):
+                            value, error = field.validate(v, values, loc=loc, cls=cls)
+                            if not error:
+                                return value, None
+
+            # 1st pass by default or 3rd pass with `smart_union` enabled:
+            # check if the value can be coerced into one of the Union types
+            for field in self.sub_fields:
+                value, error = field.validate(v, values, loc=loc, cls=cls)
+                if error:
+                    errors.append(error)
+                else:
+                    return value, None
+            return v, errors
+        else:
+            return self._apply_validators(v, values, loc, cls, self.validators)
+
+    def _validate_discriminated_union(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc']
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        assert self.discriminator_key is not None
+        assert self.discriminator_alias is not None
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                discriminator_value = v[self.discriminator_alias]
+            except KeyError:
+                if self.model_config.allow_population_by_field_name:
+                    discriminator_value = v[self.discriminator_key]
+                else:
+                    raise
+        except KeyError:
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(MissingDiscriminator(discriminator_key=self.discriminator_key), loc)
+        except TypeError:
+            try:
+                # BaseModel or dataclass
+                discriminator_value = getattr(v, self.discriminator_key)
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                return v, ErrorWrapper(MissingDiscriminator(discriminator_key=self.discriminator_key), loc)
+
+        if self.sub_fields_mapping is None:
+            assert cls is not None
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'field "{self.name}" not yet prepared so type is still a ForwardRef, '
+                f'you might need to call {cls.__name__}.update_forward_refs().'
+            )
+
+        try:
+            sub_field = self.sub_fields_mapping[discriminator_value]
+        except (KeyError, TypeError):
+            # KeyError: `discriminator_value` is not in the dictionary.
+            # TypeError: `discriminator_value` is unhashable.
+            assert self.sub_fields_mapping is not None
+            return v, ErrorWrapper(
+                InvalidDiscriminator(
+                    discriminator_key=self.discriminator_key,
+                    discriminator_value=discriminator_value,
+                    allowed_values=list(self.sub_fields_mapping),
+                ),
+                loc,
+            )
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(loc, tuple):
+                loc = (loc,)
+            return sub_field.validate(v, values, loc=(*loc, display_as_type(sub_field.type_)), cls=cls)
+
+    def _apply_validators(
+        self, v: Any, values: Dict[str, Any], loc: 'LocStr', cls: Optional['ModelOrDc'], validators: 'ValidatorsList'
+    ) -> 'ValidateReturn':
+        for validator in validators:
+            try:
+                v = validator(cls, v, values, self, self.model_config)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+                return v, ErrorWrapper(exc, loc)
+        return v, None
+
+    def is_complex(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Whether the field is "complex" eg. env variables should be parsed as JSON.
+        """
+        from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+        return (
+            self.shape != SHAPE_SINGLETON
+            or hasattr(self.type_, '__pydantic_model__')
+            or lenient_issubclass(self.type_, (BaseModel, list, set, frozenset, dict))
+        )
+
+    def _type_display(self) -> PyObjectStr:
+        t = display_as_type(self.type_)
+
+        if self.shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES:
+            t = f'Mapping[{display_as_type(self.key_field.type_)}, {t}]'  # type: ignore
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE:
+            t = 'Tuple[{}]'.format(', '.join(display_as_type(f.type_) for f in self.sub_fields))  # type: ignore
+        elif self.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            assert self.sub_fields
+            t = '{}[{}]'.format(
+                display_as_type(self.type_), ', '.join(display_as_type(f.type_) for f in self.sub_fields)
+            )
+        elif self.shape != SHAPE_SINGLETON:
+            t = SHAPE_NAME_LOOKUP[self.shape].format(t)
+
+        if self.allow_none and (self.shape != SHAPE_SINGLETON or not self.sub_fields):
+            t = f'Optional[{t}]'
+        return PyObjectStr(t)
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        args = [('name', self.name), ('type', self._type_display()), ('required', self.required)]
+
+        if not self.required:
+            if self.default_factory is not None:
+                args.append(('default_factory', f'<function {self.default_factory.__name__}>'))
+            else:
+                args.append(('default', self.default))
+
+        if self.alt_alias:
+            args.append(('alias', self.alias))
+        return args
+
+
+class ModelPrivateAttr(Representation):
+    __slots__ = ('default', 'default_factory')
+
+    def __init__(self, default: Any = Undefined, *, default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None) -> None:
+        self.default = default
+        self.default_factory = default_factory
+
+    def get_default(self) -> Any:
+        return smart_deepcopy(self.default) if self.default_factory is None else self.default_factory()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and (self.default, self.default_factory) == (
+            other.default,
+            other.default_factory,
+        )
+
+
+def PrivateAttr(
+    default: Any = Undefined,
+    *,
+    default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Indicates that attribute is only used internally and never mixed with regular fields.
+
+    Types or values of private attrs are not checked by pydantic and it's up to you to keep them relevant.
+
+    Private attrs are stored in model __slots__.
+
+    :param default: the attribute’s default value
+    :param default_factory: callable that will be called when a default value is needed for this attribute
+      If both `default` and `default_factory` are set, an error is raised.
+    """
+    if default is not Undefined and default_factory is not None:
+        raise ValueError('cannot specify both default and default_factory')
+
+    return ModelPrivateAttr(
+        default,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+    )
+
+
+class DeferredType:
+    """
+    Used to postpone field preparation, while creating recursive generic models.
+    """
+
+
+def is_finalvar_with_default_val(type_: Type[Any], val: Any) -> bool:
+    return is_finalvar(type_) and val is not Undefined and not isinstance(val, FieldInfo)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/generics.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/generics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa1dcec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/generics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+import functools
+import operator
+import sys
+import types
+import typing
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Generic,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary, WeakValueDictionary
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal as ExtLiteral
+
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import gather_all_validators
+from pydantic.v1.fields import DeferredType
+from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel, create_model
+from pydantic.v1.types import JsonWrapper
+from pydantic.v1.typing import display_as_type, get_all_type_hints, get_args, get_origin, typing_base
+from pydantic.v1.utils import all_identical, lenient_issubclass
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    from typing import Literal
+
+GenericModelT = TypeVar('GenericModelT', bound='GenericModel')
+TypeVarType = Any  # since mypy doesn't allow the use of TypeVar as a type
+
+CacheKey = Tuple[Type[Any], Any, Tuple[Any, ...]]
+Parametrization = Mapping[TypeVarType, Type[Any]]
+
+# weak dictionaries allow the dynamically created parametrized versions of generic models to get collected
+# once they are no longer referenced by the caller.
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):  # Typing for weak dictionaries available at 3.9
+    GenericTypesCache = WeakValueDictionary[CacheKey, Type[BaseModel]]
+    AssignedParameters = WeakKeyDictionary[Type[BaseModel], Parametrization]
+else:
+    GenericTypesCache = WeakValueDictionary
+    AssignedParameters = WeakKeyDictionary
+
+# _generic_types_cache is a Mapping from __class_getitem__ arguments to the parametrized version of generic models.
+# This ensures multiple calls of e.g. A[B] return always the same class.
+_generic_types_cache = GenericTypesCache()
+
+# _assigned_parameters is a Mapping from parametrized version of generic models to assigned types of parametrizations
+# as captured during construction of the class (not instances).
+# E.g., for generic model `Model[A, B]`, when parametrized model `Model[int, str]` is created,
+# `Model[int, str]`: {A: int, B: str}` will be stored in `_assigned_parameters`.
+# (This information is only otherwise available after creation from the class name string).
+_assigned_parameters = AssignedParameters()
+
+
+class GenericModel(BaseModel):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __concrete__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # Putting this in a TYPE_CHECKING block allows us to replace `if Generic not in cls.__bases__` with
+        # `not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__")`. This means we don't need to force non-concrete subclasses of
+        # `GenericModel` to also inherit from `Generic`, which would require changes to the use of `create_model` below.
+        __parameters__: ClassVar[Tuple[TypeVarType, ...]]
+
+    # Setting the return type as Type[Any] instead of Type[BaseModel] prevents PyCharm warnings
+    def __class_getitem__(cls: Type[GenericModelT], params: Union[Type[Any], Tuple[Type[Any], ...]]) -> Type[Any]:
+        """Instantiates a new class from a generic class `cls` and type variables `params`.
+
+        :param params: Tuple of types the class . Given a generic class
+            `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+            the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.
+        :return: New model class inheriting from `cls` with instantiated
+            types described by `params`. If no parameters are given, `cls` is
+            returned as is.
+
+        """
+
+        def _cache_key(_params: Any) -> CacheKey:
+            args = get_args(_params)
+            # python returns a list for Callables, which is not hashable
+            if len(args) == 2 and isinstance(args[0], list):
+                args = (tuple(args[0]), args[1])
+            return cls, _params, args
+
+        cached = _generic_types_cache.get(_cache_key(params))
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+        if cls.__concrete__ and Generic not in cls.__bases__:
+            raise TypeError('Cannot parameterize a concrete instantiation of a generic model')
+        if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+            params = (params,)
+        if cls is GenericModel and any(isinstance(param, TypeVar) for param in params):
+            raise TypeError('Type parameters should be placed on typing.Generic, not GenericModel')
+        if not hasattr(cls, '__parameters__'):
+            raise TypeError(f'Type {cls.__name__} must inherit from typing.Generic before being parameterized')
+
+        check_parameters_count(cls, params)
+        # Build map from generic typevars to passed params
+        typevars_map: Dict[TypeVarType, Type[Any]] = dict(zip(cls.__parameters__, params))
+        if all_identical(typevars_map.keys(), typevars_map.values()) and typevars_map:
+            return cls  # if arguments are equal to parameters it's the same object
+
+        # Create new model with original model as parent inserting fields with DeferredType.
+        model_name = cls.__concrete_name__(params)
+        validators = gather_all_validators(cls)
+
+        type_hints = get_all_type_hints(cls).items()
+        instance_type_hints = {k: v for k, v in type_hints if get_origin(v) is not ClassVar}
+
+        fields = {k: (DeferredType(), cls.__fields__[k].field_info) for k in instance_type_hints if k in cls.__fields__}
+
+        model_module, called_globally = get_caller_frame_info()
+        created_model = cast(
+            Type[GenericModel],  # casting ensures mypy is aware of the __concrete__ and __parameters__ attributes
+            create_model(
+                model_name,
+                __module__=model_module or cls.__module__,
+                __base__=(cls,) + tuple(cls.__parameterized_bases__(typevars_map)),
+                __config__=None,
+                __validators__=validators,
+                __cls_kwargs__=None,
+                **fields,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        _assigned_parameters[created_model] = typevars_map
+
+        if called_globally:  # create global reference and therefore allow pickling
+            object_by_reference = None
+            reference_name = model_name
+            reference_module_globals = sys.modules[created_model.__module__].__dict__
+            while object_by_reference is not created_model:
+                object_by_reference = reference_module_globals.setdefault(reference_name, created_model)
+                reference_name += '_'
+
+        created_model.Config = cls.Config
+
+        # Find any typevars that are still present in the model.
+        # If none are left, the model is fully "concrete", otherwise the new
+        # class is a generic class as well taking the found typevars as
+        # parameters.
+        new_params = tuple(
+            {param: None for param in iter_contained_typevars(typevars_map.values())}
+        )  # use dict as ordered set
+        created_model.__concrete__ = not new_params
+        if new_params:
+            created_model.__parameters__ = new_params
+
+        # Save created model in cache so we don't end up creating duplicate
+        # models that should be identical.
+        _generic_types_cache[_cache_key(params)] = created_model
+        if len(params) == 1:
+            _generic_types_cache[_cache_key(params[0])] = created_model
+
+        # Recursively walk class type hints and replace generic typevars
+        # with concrete types that were passed.
+        _prepare_model_fields(created_model, fields, instance_type_hints, typevars_map)
+
+        return created_model
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __concrete_name__(cls: Type[Any], params: Tuple[Type[Any], ...]) -> str:
+        """Compute class name for child classes.
+
+        :param params: Tuple of types the class . Given a generic class
+            `Model` with 2 type variables and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+            the value `(str, int)` would be passed to `params`.
+        :return: String representing a the new class where `params` are
+            passed to `cls` as type variables.
+
+        This method can be overridden to achieve a custom naming scheme for GenericModels.
+        """
+        param_names = [display_as_type(param) for param in params]
+        params_component = ', '.join(param_names)
+        return f'{cls.__name__}[{params_component}]'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __parameterized_bases__(cls, typevars_map: Parametrization) -> Iterator[Type[Any]]:
+        """
+        Returns unbound bases of cls parameterised to given type variables
+
+        :param typevars_map: Dictionary of type applications for binding subclasses.
+            Given a generic class `Model` with 2 type variables [S, T]
+            and a concrete model `Model[str, int]`,
+            the value `{S: str, T: int}` would be passed to `typevars_map`.
+        :return: an iterator of generic sub classes, parameterised by `typevars_map`
+            and other assigned parameters of `cls`
+
+        e.g.:
+        ```
+        class A(GenericModel, Generic[T]):
+            ...
+
+        class B(A[V], Generic[V]):
+            ...
+
+        assert A[int] in B.__parameterized_bases__({V: int})
+        ```
+        """
+
+        def build_base_model(
+            base_model: Type[GenericModel], mapped_types: Parametrization
+        ) -> Iterator[Type[GenericModel]]:
+            base_parameters = tuple(mapped_types[param] for param in base_model.__parameters__)
+            parameterized_base = base_model.__class_getitem__(base_parameters)
+            if parameterized_base is base_model or parameterized_base is cls:
+                # Avoid duplication in MRO
+                return
+            yield parameterized_base
+
+        for base_model in cls.__bases__:
+            if not issubclass(base_model, GenericModel):
+                # not a class that can be meaningfully parameterized
+                continue
+            elif not getattr(base_model, '__parameters__', None):
+                # base_model is "GenericModel"  (and has no __parameters__)
+                # or
+                # base_model is already concrete, and will be included transitively via cls.
+                continue
+            elif cls in _assigned_parameters:
+                if base_model in _assigned_parameters:
+                    # cls is partially parameterised but not from base_model
+                    # e.g. cls = B[S], base_model = A[S]
+                    # B[S][int] should subclass A[int],  (and will be transitively via B[int])
+                    # but it's not viable to consistently subclass types with arbitrary construction
+                    # So don't attempt to include A[S][int]
+                    continue
+                else:  # base_model not in _assigned_parameters:
+                    # cls is partially parameterized, base_model is original generic
+                    # e.g.  cls = B[str, T], base_model = B[S, T]
+                    # Need to determine the mapping for the base_model parameters
+                    mapped_types: Parametrization = {
+                        key: typevars_map.get(value, value) for key, value in _assigned_parameters[cls].items()
+                    }
+                    yield from build_base_model(base_model, mapped_types)
+            else:
+                # cls is base generic, so base_class has a distinct base
+                # can construct the Parameterised base model using typevars_map directly
+                yield from build_base_model(base_model, typevars_map)
+
+
+def replace_types(type_: Any, type_map: Mapping[Any, Any]) -> Any:
+    """Return type with all occurrences of `type_map` keys recursively replaced with their values.
+
+    :param type_: Any type, class or generic alias
+    :param type_map: Mapping from `TypeVar` instance to concrete types.
+    :return: New type representing the basic structure of `type_` with all
+        `typevar_map` keys recursively replaced.
+
+    >>> replace_types(Tuple[str, Union[List[str], float]], {str: int})
+    Tuple[int, Union[List[int], float]]
+
+    """
+    if not type_map:
+        return type_
+
+    type_args = get_args(type_)
+    origin_type = get_origin(type_)
+
+    if origin_type is Annotated:
+        annotated_type, *annotations = type_args
+        return Annotated[replace_types(annotated_type, type_map), tuple(annotations)]
+
+    if (origin_type is ExtLiteral) or (sys.version_info >= (3, 8) and origin_type is Literal):
+        return type_map.get(type_, type_)
+    # Having type args is a good indicator that this is a typing module
+    # class instantiation or a generic alias of some sort.
+    if type_args:
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(arg, type_map) for arg in type_args)
+        if all_identical(type_args, resolved_type_args):
+            # If all arguments are the same, there is no need to modify the
+            # type or create a new object at all
+            return type_
+        if (
+            origin_type is not None
+            and isinstance(type_, typing_base)
+            and not isinstance(origin_type, typing_base)
+            and getattr(type_, '_name', None) is not None
+        ):
+            # In python < 3.9 generic aliases don't exist so any of these like `list`,
+            # `type` or `collections.abc.Callable` need to be translated.
+            # See: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0585
+            origin_type = getattr(typing, type_._name)
+        assert origin_type is not None
+        # PEP-604 syntax (Ex.: list | str) is represented with a types.UnionType object that does not have __getitem__.
+        # We also cannot use isinstance() since we have to compare types.
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) and origin_type is types.UnionType:  # noqa: E721
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, resolved_type_args)
+        return origin_type[resolved_type_args]
+
+    # We handle pydantic generic models separately as they don't have the same
+    # semantics as "typing" classes or generic aliases
+    if not origin_type and lenient_issubclass(type_, GenericModel) and not type_.__concrete__:
+        type_args = type_.__parameters__
+        resolved_type_args = tuple(replace_types(t, type_map) for t in type_args)
+        if all_identical(type_args, resolved_type_args):
+            return type_
+        return type_[resolved_type_args]
+
+    # Handle special case for typehints that can have lists as arguments.
+    # `typing.Callable[[int, str], int]` is an example for this.
+    if isinstance(type_, (List, list)):
+        resolved_list = list(replace_types(element, type_map) for element in type_)
+        if all_identical(type_, resolved_list):
+            return type_
+        return resolved_list
+
+    # For JsonWrapperValue, need to handle its inner type to allow correct parsing
+    # of generic Json arguments like Json[T]
+    if not origin_type and lenient_issubclass(type_, JsonWrapper):
+        type_.inner_type = replace_types(type_.inner_type, type_map)
+        return type_
+
+    # If all else fails, we try to resolve the type directly and otherwise just
+    # return the input with no modifications.
+    new_type = type_map.get(type_, type_)
+    # Convert string to ForwardRef
+    if isinstance(new_type, str):
+        return ForwardRef(new_type)
+    else:
+        return new_type
+
+
+def check_parameters_count(cls: Type[GenericModel], parameters: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> None:
+    actual = len(parameters)
+    expected = len(cls.__parameters__)
+    if actual != expected:
+        description = 'many' if actual > expected else 'few'
+        raise TypeError(f'Too {description} parameters for {cls.__name__}; actual {actual}, expected {expected}')
+
+
+DictValues: Type[Any] = {}.values().__class__
+
+
+def iter_contained_typevars(v: Any) -> Iterator[TypeVarType]:
+    """Recursively iterate through all subtypes and type args of `v` and yield any typevars that are found."""
+    if isinstance(v, TypeVar):
+        yield v
+    elif hasattr(v, '__parameters__') and not get_origin(v) and lenient_issubclass(v, GenericModel):
+        yield from v.__parameters__
+    elif isinstance(v, (DictValues, list)):
+        for var in v:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(var)
+    else:
+        args = get_args(v)
+        for arg in args:
+            yield from iter_contained_typevars(arg)
+
+
+def get_caller_frame_info() -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+    """
+    Used inside a function to check whether it was called globally
+
+    Will only work against non-compiled code, therefore used only in pydantic.generics
+
+    :returns Tuple[module_name, called_globally]
+    """
+    try:
+        previous_caller_frame = sys._getframe(2)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError('This function must be used inside another function') from e
+    except AttributeError:  # sys module does not have _getframe function, so there's nothing we can do about it
+        return None, False
+    frame_globals = previous_caller_frame.f_globals
+    return frame_globals.get('__name__'), previous_caller_frame.f_locals is frame_globals
+
+
+def _prepare_model_fields(
+    created_model: Type[GenericModel],
+    fields: Mapping[str, Any],
+    instance_type_hints: Mapping[str, type],
+    typevars_map: Mapping[Any, type],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Replace DeferredType fields with concrete type hints and prepare them.
+    """
+
+    for key, field in created_model.__fields__.items():
+        if key not in fields:
+            assert field.type_.__class__ is not DeferredType
+            # https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy/issues/198
+            continue  # pragma: no cover
+
+        assert field.type_.__class__ is DeferredType, field.type_.__class__
+
+        field_type_hint = instance_type_hints[key]
+        concrete_type = replace_types(field_type_hint, typevars_map)
+        field.type_ = concrete_type
+        field.outer_type_ = concrete_type
+        field.prepare()
+        created_model.__annotations__[key] = concrete_type
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/json.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/json.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41d0d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/json.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import datetime
+from collections import deque
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from re import Pattern
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Type, Union
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from pydantic.v1.color import Color
+from pydantic.v1.networks import NameEmail
+from pydantic.v1.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+
+__all__ = 'pydantic_encoder', 'custom_pydantic_encoder', 'timedelta_isoformat'
+
+
+def isoformat(o: Union[datetime.date, datetime.time]) -> str:
+    return o.isoformat()
+
+
+def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> Union[int, float]:
+    """
+    Encodes a Decimal as int of there's no exponent, otherwise float
+
+    This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0)
+    where a integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float
+    results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse.
+    Our Id type is a prime example of this.
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0"))
+    1.0
+
+    >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1"))
+    1
+    """
+    if dec_value.as_tuple().exponent >= 0:
+        return int(dec_value)
+    else:
+        return float(dec_value)
+
+
+ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: Dict[Type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = {
+    bytes: lambda o: o.decode(),
+    Color: str,
+    datetime.date: isoformat,
+    datetime.datetime: isoformat,
+    datetime.time: isoformat,
+    datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(),
+    Decimal: decimal_encoder,
+    Enum: lambda o: o.value,
+    frozenset: list,
+    deque: list,
+    GeneratorType: list,
+    IPv4Address: str,
+    IPv4Interface: str,
+    IPv4Network: str,
+    IPv6Address: str,
+    IPv6Interface: str,
+    IPv6Network: str,
+    NameEmail: str,
+    Path: str,
+    Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern,
+    SecretBytes: str,
+    SecretStr: str,
+    set: list,
+    UUID: str,
+}
+
+
+def pydantic_encoder(obj: Any) -> Any:
+    from dataclasses import asdict, is_dataclass
+
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    if isinstance(obj, BaseModel):
+        return obj.dict()
+    elif is_dataclass(obj):
+        return asdict(obj)
+
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        raise TypeError(f"Object of type '{obj.__class__.__name__}' is not JSON serializable")
+
+
+def custom_pydantic_encoder(type_encoders: Dict[Any, Callable[[Type[Any]], Any]], obj: Any) -> Any:
+    # Check the class type and its superclasses for a matching encoder
+    for base in obj.__class__.__mro__[:-1]:
+        try:
+            encoder = type_encoders[base]
+        except KeyError:
+            continue
+
+        return encoder(obj)
+    else:  # We have exited the for loop without finding a suitable encoder
+        return pydantic_encoder(obj)
+
+
+def timedelta_isoformat(td: datetime.timedelta) -> str:
+    """
+    ISO 8601 encoding for Python timedelta object.
+    """
+    minutes, seconds = divmod(td.seconds, 60)
+    hours, minutes = divmod(minutes, 60)
+    return f'{"-" if td.days < 0 else ""}P{abs(td.days)}DT{hours:d}H{minutes:d}M{seconds:d}.{td.microseconds:06d}S'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36e9c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1130 @@
+import sys
+import warnings
+from abc import ABCMeta
+from copy import deepcopy
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import partial
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType, prepare_class, resolve_bases
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    no_type_check,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+from pydantic.v1.class_validators import ValidatorGroup, extract_root_validators, extract_validators, inherit_validators
+from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, Extra, inherit_config, prepare_config
+from pydantic.v1.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper, ValidationError
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError, DictError, ExtraError, MissingError
+from pydantic.v1.fields import (
+    MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES,
+    Field,
+    ModelField,
+    ModelPrivateAttr,
+    PrivateAttr,
+    Undefined,
+    is_finalvar_with_default_val,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.json import custom_pydantic_encoder, pydantic_encoder
+from pydantic.v1.parse import Protocol, load_file, load_str_bytes
+from pydantic.v1.schema import default_ref_template, model_schema
+from pydantic.v1.types import PyObject, StrBytes
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    AnyCallable,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    is_classvar,
+    is_namedtuple,
+    is_union,
+    resolve_annotations,
+    update_model_forward_refs,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import (
+    DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES,
+    ROOT_KEY,
+    ClassAttribute,
+    GetterDict,
+    Representation,
+    ValueItems,
+    generate_model_signature,
+    is_valid_field,
+    is_valid_private_name,
+    lenient_issubclass,
+    sequence_like,
+    smart_deepcopy,
+    unique_list,
+    validate_field_name,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+
+    from pydantic.v1.class_validators import ValidatorListDict
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ModelOrDc
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+        AbstractSetIntStr,
+        AnyClassMethod,
+        CallableGenerator,
+        DictAny,
+        DictStrAny,
+        MappingIntStrAny,
+        ReprArgs,
+        SetStr,
+        TupleGenerator,
+    )
+
+    Model = TypeVar('Model', bound='BaseModel')
+
+__all__ = 'BaseModel', 'create_model', 'validate_model'
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+
+def validate_custom_root_type(fields: Dict[str, ModelField]) -> None:
+    if len(fields) > 1:
+        raise ValueError(f'{ROOT_KEY} cannot be mixed with other fields')
+
+
+def generate_hash_function(frozen: bool) -> Optional[Callable[[Any], int]]:
+    def hash_function(self_: Any) -> int:
+        return hash(self_.__class__) + hash(tuple(self_.__dict__.values()))
+
+    return hash_function if frozen else None
+
+
+# If a field is of type `Callable`, its default value should be a function and cannot to ignored.
+ANNOTATED_FIELD_UNTOUCHED_TYPES: Tuple[Any, ...] = (property, type, classmethod, staticmethod)
+# When creating a `BaseModel` instance, we bypass all the methods, properties... added to the model
+UNTOUCHED_TYPES: Tuple[Any, ...] = (FunctionType,) + ANNOTATED_FIELD_UNTOUCHED_TYPES
+# Note `ModelMetaclass` refers to `BaseModel`, but is also used to *create* `BaseModel`, so we need to add this extra
+# (somewhat hacky) boolean to keep track of whether we've created the `BaseModel` class yet, and therefore whether it's
+# safe to refer to it. If it *hasn't* been created, we assume that the `__new__` call we're in the middle of is for
+# the `BaseModel` class, since that's defined immediately after the metaclass.
+_is_base_model_class_defined = False
+
+
+@dataclass_transform(kw_only_default=True, field_specifiers=(Field,))
+class ModelMetaclass(ABCMeta):
+    @no_type_check  # noqa C901
+    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):  # noqa C901
+        fields: Dict[str, ModelField] = {}
+        config = BaseConfig
+        validators: 'ValidatorListDict' = {}
+
+        pre_root_validators, post_root_validators = [], []
+        private_attributes: Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+        base_private_attributes: Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr] = {}
+        slots: SetStr = namespace.get('__slots__', ())
+        slots = {slots} if isinstance(slots, str) else set(slots)
+        class_vars: SetStr = set()
+        hash_func: Optional[Callable[[Any], int]] = None
+
+        for base in reversed(bases):
+            if _is_base_model_class_defined and issubclass(base, BaseModel) and base != BaseModel:
+                fields.update(smart_deepcopy(base.__fields__))
+                config = inherit_config(base.__config__, config)
+                validators = inherit_validators(base.__validators__, validators)
+                pre_root_validators += base.__pre_root_validators__
+                post_root_validators += base.__post_root_validators__
+                base_private_attributes.update(base.__private_attributes__)
+                class_vars.update(base.__class_vars__)
+                hash_func = base.__hash__
+
+        resolve_forward_refs = kwargs.pop('__resolve_forward_refs__', True)
+        allowed_config_kwargs: SetStr = {
+            key
+            for key in dir(config)
+            if not (key.startswith('__') and key.endswith('__'))  # skip dunder methods and attributes
+        }
+        config_kwargs = {key: kwargs.pop(key) for key in kwargs.keys() & allowed_config_kwargs}
+        config_from_namespace = namespace.get('Config')
+        if config_kwargs and config_from_namespace:
+            raise TypeError('Specifying config in two places is ambiguous, use either Config attribute or class kwargs')
+        config = inherit_config(config_from_namespace, config, **config_kwargs)
+
+        validators = inherit_validators(extract_validators(namespace), validators)
+        vg = ValidatorGroup(validators)
+
+        for f in fields.values():
+            f.set_config(config)
+            extra_validators = vg.get_validators(f.name)
+            if extra_validators:
+                f.class_validators.update(extra_validators)
+                # re-run prepare to add extra validators
+                f.populate_validators()
+
+        prepare_config(config, name)
+
+        untouched_types = ANNOTATED_FIELD_UNTOUCHED_TYPES
+
+        def is_untouched(v: Any) -> bool:
+            return isinstance(v, untouched_types) or v.__class__.__name__ == 'cython_function_or_method'
+
+        if (namespace.get('__module__'), namespace.get('__qualname__')) != ('pydantic.main', 'BaseModel'):
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                if '__annotations__' in namespace:
+                    # `from __future__ import annotations` was used in the model's module
+                    raw_annotations = namespace['__annotations__']
+                else:
+                    # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/annotationlib.html#using-annotations-in-a-metaclass:
+                    from annotationlib import Format, call_annotate_function, get_annotate_from_class_namespace
+
+                    annotate = get_annotate_from_class_namespace(namespace)
+                    if annotate is not None:
+                        raw_annotations = call_annotate_function(annotate, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+                    else:
+                        raw_annotations = {}
+            else:
+                raw_annotations = namespace.get('__annotations__', {})
+
+            annotations = resolve_annotations(raw_annotations, namespace.get('__module__', None))
+            # annotation only fields need to come first in fields
+            for ann_name, ann_type in annotations.items():
+                if is_classvar(ann_type):
+                    class_vars.add(ann_name)
+                elif is_finalvar_with_default_val(ann_type, namespace.get(ann_name, Undefined)):
+                    class_vars.add(ann_name)
+                elif is_valid_field(ann_name):
+                    validate_field_name(bases, ann_name)
+                    value = namespace.get(ann_name, Undefined)
+                    allowed_types = get_args(ann_type) if is_union(get_origin(ann_type)) else (ann_type,)
+                    if (
+                        is_untouched(value)
+                        and ann_type != PyObject
+                        and not any(
+                            lenient_issubclass(get_origin(allowed_type), Type) for allowed_type in allowed_types
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        continue
+                    fields[ann_name] = ModelField.infer(
+                        name=ann_name,
+                        value=value,
+                        annotation=ann_type,
+                        class_validators=vg.get_validators(ann_name),
+                        config=config,
+                    )
+                elif ann_name not in namespace and config.underscore_attrs_are_private:
+                    private_attributes[ann_name] = PrivateAttr()
+
+            untouched_types = UNTOUCHED_TYPES + config.keep_untouched
+            for var_name, value in namespace.items():
+                can_be_changed = var_name not in class_vars and not is_untouched(value)
+                if isinstance(value, ModelPrivateAttr):
+                    if not is_valid_private_name(var_name):
+                        raise NameError(
+                            f'Private attributes "{var_name}" must not be a valid field name; '
+                            f'Use sunder or dunder names, e. g. "_{var_name}" or "__{var_name}__"'
+                        )
+                    private_attributes[var_name] = value
+                elif config.underscore_attrs_are_private and is_valid_private_name(var_name) and can_be_changed:
+                    private_attributes[var_name] = PrivateAttr(default=value)
+                elif is_valid_field(var_name) and var_name not in annotations and can_be_changed:
+                    validate_field_name(bases, var_name)
+                    inferred = ModelField.infer(
+                        name=var_name,
+                        value=value,
+                        annotation=annotations.get(var_name, Undefined),
+                        class_validators=vg.get_validators(var_name),
+                        config=config,
+                    )
+                    if var_name in fields:
+                        if lenient_issubclass(inferred.type_, fields[var_name].type_):
+                            inferred.type_ = fields[var_name].type_
+                        else:
+                            raise TypeError(
+                                f'The type of {name}.{var_name} differs from the new default value; '
+                                f'if you wish to change the type of this field, please use a type annotation'
+                            )
+                    fields[var_name] = inferred
+
+        _custom_root_type = ROOT_KEY in fields
+        if _custom_root_type:
+            validate_custom_root_type(fields)
+        vg.check_for_unused()
+        if config.json_encoders:
+            json_encoder = partial(custom_pydantic_encoder, config.json_encoders)
+        else:
+            json_encoder = pydantic_encoder
+        pre_rv_new, post_rv_new = extract_root_validators(namespace)
+
+        if hash_func is None:
+            hash_func = generate_hash_function(config.frozen)
+
+        exclude_from_namespace = fields | private_attributes.keys() | {'__slots__'}
+        new_namespace = {
+            '__config__': config,
+            '__fields__': fields,
+            '__exclude_fields__': {
+                name: field.field_info.exclude for name, field in fields.items() if field.field_info.exclude is not None
+            }
+            or None,
+            '__include_fields__': {
+                name: field.field_info.include for name, field in fields.items() if field.field_info.include is not None
+            }
+            or None,
+            '__validators__': vg.validators,
+            '__pre_root_validators__': unique_list(
+                pre_root_validators + pre_rv_new,
+                name_factory=lambda v: v.__name__,
+            ),
+            '__post_root_validators__': unique_list(
+                post_root_validators + post_rv_new,
+                name_factory=lambda skip_on_failure_and_v: skip_on_failure_and_v[1].__name__,
+            ),
+            '__schema_cache__': {},
+            '__json_encoder__': staticmethod(json_encoder),
+            '__custom_root_type__': _custom_root_type,
+            '__private_attributes__': {**base_private_attributes, **private_attributes},
+            '__slots__': slots | private_attributes.keys(),
+            '__hash__': hash_func,
+            '__class_vars__': class_vars,
+            **{n: v for n, v in namespace.items() if n not in exclude_from_namespace},
+        }
+
+        cls = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, new_namespace, **kwargs)
+        # set __signature__ attr only for model class, but not for its instances
+        cls.__signature__ = ClassAttribute('__signature__', generate_model_signature(cls.__init__, fields, config))
+
+        if not _is_base_model_class_defined:
+            # Cython does not understand the `if TYPE_CHECKING:` condition in the
+            # BaseModel's body (where annotations are set), so clear them manually:
+            getattr(cls, '__annotations__', {}).clear()
+
+        if resolve_forward_refs:
+            cls.__try_update_forward_refs__()
+
+        # preserve `__set_name__` protocol defined in https://peps.python.org/pep-0487
+        # for attributes not in `new_namespace` (e.g. private attributes)
+        for name, obj in namespace.items():
+            if name not in new_namespace:
+                set_name = getattr(obj, '__set_name__', None)
+                if callable(set_name):
+                    set_name(cls, name)
+
+        return cls
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, instance: Any) -> bool:
+        """
+        Avoid calling ABC _abc_subclasscheck unless we're pretty sure.
+
+        See #3829 and python/cpython#92810
+        """
+        return hasattr(instance, '__post_root_validators__') and super().__instancecheck__(instance)
+
+
+object_setattr = object.__setattr__
+
+
+class BaseModel(Representation, metaclass=ModelMetaclass):
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # populated by the metaclass, defined here to help IDEs only
+        __fields__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelField]] = {}
+        __include_fields__: ClassVar[Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None
+        __exclude_fields__: ClassVar[Optional[Mapping[str, Any]]] = None
+        __validators__: ClassVar[Dict[str, AnyCallable]] = {}
+        __pre_root_validators__: ClassVar[List[AnyCallable]]
+        __post_root_validators__: ClassVar[List[Tuple[bool, AnyCallable]]]
+        __config__: ClassVar[Type[BaseConfig]] = BaseConfig
+        __json_encoder__: ClassVar[Callable[[Any], Any]] = lambda x: x
+        __schema_cache__: ClassVar['DictAny'] = {}
+        __custom_root_type__: ClassVar[bool] = False
+        __signature__: ClassVar['Signature']
+        __private_attributes__: ClassVar[Dict[str, ModelPrivateAttr]]
+        __class_vars__: ClassVar[SetStr]
+        __fields_set__: ClassVar[SetStr] = set()
+
+    Config = BaseConfig
+    __slots__ = ('__dict__', '__fields_set__')
+    __doc__ = ''  # Null out the Representation docstring
+
+    def __init__(__pydantic_self__, **data: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments.
+
+        Raises ValidationError if the input data cannot be parsed to form a valid model.
+        """
+        # Uses something other than `self` the first arg to allow "self" as a settable attribute
+        values, fields_set, validation_error = validate_model(__pydantic_self__.__class__, data)
+        if validation_error:
+            raise validation_error
+        try:
+            object_setattr(__pydantic_self__, '__dict__', values)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(
+                'Model values must be a dict; you may not have returned a dictionary from a root validator'
+            ) from e
+        object_setattr(__pydantic_self__, '__fields_set__', fields_set)
+        __pydantic_self__._init_private_attributes()
+
+    @no_type_check
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+        if name in self.__private_attributes__ or name in DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES:
+            return object_setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        if self.__config__.extra is not Extra.allow and name not in self.__fields__:
+            raise ValueError(f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" object has no field "{name}"')
+        elif not self.__config__.allow_mutation or self.__config__.frozen:
+            raise TypeError(f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" is immutable and does not support item assignment')
+        elif name in self.__fields__ and self.__fields__[name].final:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'"{self.__class__.__name__}" object "{name}" field is final and does not support reassignment'
+            )
+        elif self.__config__.validate_assignment:
+            new_values = {**self.__dict__, name: value}
+
+            for validator in self.__pre_root_validators__:
+                try:
+                    new_values = validator(self.__class__, new_values)
+                except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+                    raise ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY)], self.__class__)
+
+            known_field = self.__fields__.get(name, None)
+            if known_field:
+                # We want to
+                # - make sure validators are called without the current value for this field inside `values`
+                # - keep other values (e.g. submodels) untouched (using `BaseModel.dict()` will change them into dicts)
+                # - keep the order of the fields
+                if not known_field.field_info.allow_mutation:
+                    raise TypeError(f'"{known_field.name}" has allow_mutation set to False and cannot be assigned')
+                dict_without_original_value = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if k != name}
+                value, error_ = known_field.validate(value, dict_without_original_value, loc=name, cls=self.__class__)
+                if error_:
+                    raise ValidationError([error_], self.__class__)
+                else:
+                    new_values[name] = value
+
+            errors = []
+            for skip_on_failure, validator in self.__post_root_validators__:
+                if skip_on_failure and errors:
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    new_values = validator(self.__class__, new_values)
+                except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+                    errors.append(ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY))
+            if errors:
+                raise ValidationError(errors, self.__class__)
+
+            # update the whole __dict__ as other values than just `value`
+            # may be changed (e.g. with `root_validator`)
+            object_setattr(self, '__dict__', new_values)
+        else:
+            self.__dict__[name] = value
+
+        self.__fields_set__.add(name)
+
+    def __getstate__(self) -> 'DictAny':
+        private_attrs = ((k, getattr(self, k, Undefined)) for k in self.__private_attributes__)
+        return {
+            '__dict__': self.__dict__,
+            '__fields_set__': self.__fields_set__,
+            '__private_attribute_values__': {k: v for k, v in private_attrs if v is not Undefined},
+        }
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: 'DictAny') -> None:
+        object_setattr(self, '__dict__', state['__dict__'])
+        object_setattr(self, '__fields_set__', state['__fields_set__'])
+        for name, value in state.get('__private_attribute_values__', {}).items():
+            object_setattr(self, name, value)
+
+    def _init_private_attributes(self) -> None:
+        for name, private_attr in self.__private_attributes__.items():
+            default = private_attr.get_default()
+            if default is not Undefined:
+                object_setattr(self, name, default)
+
+    def dict(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'DictStrAny':
+        """
+        Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
+
+        """
+        if skip_defaults is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'{self.__class__.__name__}.dict(): "skip_defaults" is deprecated and replaced by "exclude_unset"',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            exclude_unset = skip_defaults
+
+        return dict(
+            self._iter(
+                to_dict=True,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                include=include,
+                exclude=exclude,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        skip_defaults: Optional[bool] = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        encoder: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        models_as_dict: bool = True,
+        **dumps_kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Generate a JSON representation of the model, `include` and `exclude` arguments as per `dict()`.
+
+        `encoder` is an optional function to supply as `default` to json.dumps(), other arguments as per `json.dumps()`.
+        """
+        if skip_defaults is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f'{self.__class__.__name__}.json(): "skip_defaults" is deprecated and replaced by "exclude_unset"',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            exclude_unset = skip_defaults
+        encoder = cast(Callable[[Any], Any], encoder or self.__json_encoder__)
+
+        # We don't directly call `self.dict()`, which does exactly this with `to_dict=True`
+        # because we want to be able to keep raw `BaseModel` instances and not as `dict`.
+        # This allows users to write custom JSON encoders for given `BaseModel` classes.
+        data = dict(
+            self._iter(
+                to_dict=models_as_dict,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                include=include,
+                exclude=exclude,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+        )
+        if self.__custom_root_type__:
+            data = data[ROOT_KEY]
+        return self.__config__.json_dumps(data, default=encoder, **dumps_kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _enforce_dict_if_root(cls, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        if cls.__custom_root_type__ and (
+            not (isinstance(obj, dict) and obj.keys() == {ROOT_KEY})
+            and not (isinstance(obj, BaseModel) and obj.__fields__.keys() == {ROOT_KEY})
+            or cls.__fields__[ROOT_KEY].shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES
+        ):
+            return {ROOT_KEY: obj}
+        else:
+            return obj
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_obj(cls: Type['Model'], obj: Any) -> 'Model':
+        obj = cls._enforce_dict_if_root(obj)
+        if not isinstance(obj, dict):
+            try:
+                obj = dict(obj)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+                exc = TypeError(f'{cls.__name__} expected dict not {obj.__class__.__name__}')
+                raise ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY)], cls) from e
+        return cls(**obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_raw(
+        cls: Type['Model'],
+        b: StrBytes,
+        *,
+        content_type: str = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: Protocol = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'Model':
+        try:
+            obj = load_str_bytes(
+                b,
+                proto=proto,
+                content_type=content_type,
+                encoding=encoding,
+                allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+                json_loads=cls.__config__.json_loads,
+            )
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+            raise ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(e, loc=ROOT_KEY)], cls)
+        return cls.parse_obj(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_file(
+        cls: Type['Model'],
+        path: Union[str, Path],
+        *,
+        content_type: str = None,
+        encoding: str = 'utf8',
+        proto: Protocol = None,
+        allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'Model':
+        obj = load_file(
+            path,
+            proto=proto,
+            content_type=content_type,
+            encoding=encoding,
+            allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+            json_loads=cls.__config__.json_loads,
+        )
+        return cls.parse_obj(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_orm(cls: Type['Model'], obj: Any) -> 'Model':
+        if not cls.__config__.orm_mode:
+            raise ConfigError('You must have the config attribute orm_mode=True to use from_orm')
+        obj = {ROOT_KEY: obj} if cls.__custom_root_type__ else cls._decompose_class(obj)
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        values, fields_set, validation_error = validate_model(cls, obj)
+        if validation_error:
+            raise validation_error
+        object_setattr(m, '__dict__', values)
+        object_setattr(m, '__fields_set__', fields_set)
+        m._init_private_attributes()
+        return m
+
+    @classmethod
+    def construct(cls: Type['Model'], _fields_set: Optional['SetStr'] = None, **values: Any) -> 'Model':
+        """
+        Creates a new model setting __dict__ and __fields_set__ from trusted or pre-validated data.
+        Default values are respected, but no other validation is performed.
+        Behaves as if `Config.extra = 'allow'` was set since it adds all passed values
+        """
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        fields_values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for name, field in cls.__fields__.items():
+            if field.alt_alias and field.alias in values:
+                fields_values[name] = values[field.alias]
+            elif name in values:
+                fields_values[name] = values[name]
+            elif not field.required:
+                fields_values[name] = field.get_default()
+        fields_values.update(values)
+        object_setattr(m, '__dict__', fields_values)
+        if _fields_set is None:
+            _fields_set = set(values.keys())
+        object_setattr(m, '__fields_set__', _fields_set)
+        m._init_private_attributes()
+        return m
+
+    def _copy_and_set_values(self: 'Model', values: 'DictStrAny', fields_set: 'SetStr', *, deep: bool) -> 'Model':
+        if deep:
+            # chances of having empty dict here are quite low for using smart_deepcopy
+            values = deepcopy(values)
+
+        cls = self.__class__
+        m = cls.__new__(cls)
+        object_setattr(m, '__dict__', values)
+        object_setattr(m, '__fields_set__', fields_set)
+        for name in self.__private_attributes__:
+            value = getattr(self, name, Undefined)
+            if value is not Undefined:
+                if deep:
+                    value = deepcopy(value)
+                object_setattr(m, name, value)
+
+        return m
+
+    def copy(
+        self: 'Model',
+        *,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        update: Optional['DictStrAny'] = None,
+        deep: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'Model':
+        """
+        Duplicate a model, optionally choose which fields to include, exclude and change.
+
+        :param include: fields to include in new model
+        :param exclude: fields to exclude from new model, as with values this takes precedence over include
+        :param update: values to change/add in the new model. Note: the data is not validated before creating
+            the new model: you should trust this data
+        :param deep: set to `True` to make a deep copy of the model
+        :return: new model instance
+        """
+
+        values = dict(
+            self._iter(to_dict=False, by_alias=False, include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=False),
+            **(update or {}),
+        )
+
+        # new `__fields_set__` can have unset optional fields with a set value in `update` kwarg
+        if update:
+            fields_set = self.__fields_set__ | update.keys()
+        else:
+            fields_set = set(self.__fields_set__)
+
+        return self._copy_and_set_values(values, fields_set, deep=deep)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schema(cls, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = default_ref_template) -> 'DictStrAny':
+        cached = cls.__schema_cache__.get((by_alias, ref_template))
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
+        s = model_schema(cls, by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template)
+        cls.__schema_cache__[(by_alias, ref_template)] = s
+        return s
+
+    @classmethod
+    def schema_json(
+        cls, *, by_alias: bool = True, ref_template: str = default_ref_template, **dumps_kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        from pydantic.v1.json import pydantic_encoder
+
+        return cls.__config__.json_dumps(
+            cls.schema(by_alias=by_alias, ref_template=ref_template), default=pydantic_encoder, **dumps_kwargs
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls: Type['Model'], value: Any) -> 'Model':
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            copy_on_model_validation = cls.__config__.copy_on_model_validation
+            # whether to deep or shallow copy the model on validation, None means do not copy
+            deep_copy: Optional[bool] = None
+            if copy_on_model_validation not in {'deep', 'shallow', 'none'}:
+                # Warn about deprecated behavior
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "`copy_on_model_validation` should be a string: 'deep', 'shallow' or 'none'", DeprecationWarning
+                )
+                if copy_on_model_validation:
+                    deep_copy = False
+
+            if copy_on_model_validation == 'shallow':
+                # shallow copy
+                deep_copy = False
+            elif copy_on_model_validation == 'deep':
+                # deep copy
+                deep_copy = True
+
+            if deep_copy is None:
+                return value
+            else:
+                return value._copy_and_set_values(value.__dict__, value.__fields_set__, deep=deep_copy)
+
+        value = cls._enforce_dict_if_root(value)
+
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            return cls(**value)
+        elif cls.__config__.orm_mode:
+            return cls.from_orm(value)
+        else:
+            try:
+                value_as_dict = dict(value)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+                raise DictError() from e
+            return cls(**value_as_dict)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _decompose_class(cls: Type['Model'], obj: Any) -> GetterDict:
+        if isinstance(obj, GetterDict):
+            return obj
+        return cls.__config__.getter_dict(obj)
+
+    @classmethod
+    @no_type_check
+    def _get_value(
+        cls,
+        v: Any,
+        to_dict: bool,
+        by_alias: bool,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']],
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']],
+        exclude_unset: bool,
+        exclude_defaults: bool,
+        exclude_none: bool,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(v, BaseModel):
+            if to_dict:
+                v_dict = v.dict(
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    include=include,
+                    exclude=exclude,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+                if ROOT_KEY in v_dict:
+                    return v_dict[ROOT_KEY]
+                return v_dict
+            else:
+                return v.copy(include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+        value_exclude = ValueItems(v, exclude) if exclude else None
+        value_include = ValueItems(v, include) if include else None
+
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            return {
+                k_: cls._get_value(
+                    v_,
+                    to_dict=to_dict,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    include=value_include and value_include.for_element(k_),
+                    exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(k_),
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+                for k_, v_ in v.items()
+                if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(k_))
+                and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(k_))
+            }
+
+        elif sequence_like(v):
+            seq_args = (
+                cls._get_value(
+                    v_,
+                    to_dict=to_dict,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    include=value_include and value_include.for_element(i),
+                    exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(i),
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+                for i, v_ in enumerate(v)
+                if (not value_exclude or not value_exclude.is_excluded(i))
+                and (not value_include or value_include.is_included(i))
+            )
+
+            return v.__class__(*seq_args) if is_namedtuple(v.__class__) else v.__class__(seq_args)
+
+        elif isinstance(v, Enum) and getattr(cls.Config, 'use_enum_values', False):
+            return v.value
+
+        else:
+            return v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __try_update_forward_refs__(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Same as update_forward_refs but will not raise exception
+        when forward references are not defined.
+        """
+        update_model_forward_refs(cls, cls.__fields__.values(), cls.__config__.json_encoders, localns, (NameError,))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_forward_refs(cls, **localns: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this Model, globalns and localns.
+        """
+        update_model_forward_refs(cls, cls.__fields__.values(), cls.__config__.json_encoders, localns)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> 'TupleGenerator':
+        """
+        so `dict(model)` works
+        """
+        yield from self.__dict__.items()
+
+    def _iter(
+        self,
+        to_dict: bool = False,
+        by_alias: bool = False,
+        include: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude: Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']] = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> 'TupleGenerator':
+        # Merge field set excludes with explicit exclude parameter with explicit overriding field set options.
+        # The extra "is not None" guards are not logically necessary but optimizes performance for the simple case.
+        if exclude is not None or self.__exclude_fields__ is not None:
+            exclude = ValueItems.merge(self.__exclude_fields__, exclude)
+
+        if include is not None or self.__include_fields__ is not None:
+            include = ValueItems.merge(self.__include_fields__, include, intersect=True)
+
+        allowed_keys = self._calculate_keys(
+            include=include, exclude=exclude, exclude_unset=exclude_unset  # type: ignore
+        )
+        if allowed_keys is None and not (to_dict or by_alias or exclude_unset or exclude_defaults or exclude_none):
+            # huge boost for plain _iter()
+            yield from self.__dict__.items()
+            return
+
+        value_exclude = ValueItems(self, exclude) if exclude is not None else None
+        value_include = ValueItems(self, include) if include is not None else None
+
+        for field_key, v in self.__dict__.items():
+            if (allowed_keys is not None and field_key not in allowed_keys) or (exclude_none and v is None):
+                continue
+
+            if exclude_defaults:
+                model_field = self.__fields__.get(field_key)
+                if not getattr(model_field, 'required', True) and getattr(model_field, 'default', _missing) == v:
+                    continue
+
+            if by_alias and field_key in self.__fields__:
+                dict_key = self.__fields__[field_key].alias
+            else:
+                dict_key = field_key
+
+            if to_dict or value_include or value_exclude:
+                v = self._get_value(
+                    v,
+                    to_dict=to_dict,
+                    by_alias=by_alias,
+                    include=value_include and value_include.for_element(field_key),
+                    exclude=value_exclude and value_exclude.for_element(field_key),
+                    exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                    exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                    exclude_none=exclude_none,
+                )
+            yield dict_key, v
+
+    def _calculate_keys(
+        self,
+        include: Optional['MappingIntStrAny'],
+        exclude: Optional['MappingIntStrAny'],
+        exclude_unset: bool,
+        update: Optional['DictStrAny'] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[AbstractSet[str]]:
+        if include is None and exclude is None and exclude_unset is False:
+            return None
+
+        keys: AbstractSet[str]
+        if exclude_unset:
+            keys = self.__fields_set__.copy()
+        else:
+            keys = self.__dict__.keys()
+
+        if include is not None:
+            keys &= include.keys()
+
+        if update:
+            keys -= update.keys()
+
+        if exclude:
+            keys -= {k for k, v in exclude.items() if ValueItems.is_true(v)}
+
+        return keys
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, BaseModel):
+            return self.dict() == other.dict()
+        else:
+            return self.dict() == other
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [
+            (k, v)
+            for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
+            if k not in DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES and (k not in self.__fields__ or self.__fields__[k].field_info.repr)
+        ]
+
+
+_is_base_model_class_defined = True
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    __model_name: str,
+    *,
+    __config__: Optional[Type[BaseConfig]] = None,
+    __base__: None = None,
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod'] = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any,
+) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def create_model(
+    __model_name: str,
+    *,
+    __config__: Optional[Type[BaseConfig]] = None,
+    __base__: Union[Type['Model'], Tuple[Type['Model'], ...]],
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod'] = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any,
+) -> Type['Model']:
+    ...
+
+
+def create_model(
+    __model_name: str,
+    *,
+    __config__: Optional[Type[BaseConfig]] = None,
+    __base__: Union[None, Type['Model'], Tuple[Type['Model'], ...]] = None,
+    __module__: str = __name__,
+    __validators__: Dict[str, 'AnyClassMethod'] = None,
+    __cls_kwargs__: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    __slots__: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None,
+    **field_definitions: Any,
+) -> Type['Model']:
+    """
+    Dynamically create a model.
+    :param __model_name: name of the created model
+    :param __config__: config class to use for the new model
+    :param __base__: base class for the new model to inherit from
+    :param __module__: module of the created model
+    :param __validators__: a dict of method names and @validator class methods
+    :param __cls_kwargs__: a dict for class creation
+    :param __slots__: Deprecated, `__slots__` should not be passed to `create_model`
+    :param field_definitions: fields of the model (or extra fields if a base is supplied)
+        in the format `<name>=(<type>, <default default>)` or `<name>=<default value>, e.g.
+        `foobar=(str, ...)` or `foobar=123`, or, for complex use-cases, in the format
+        `<name>=<Field>` or `<name>=(<type>, <FieldInfo>)`, e.g.
+        `foo=Field(datetime, default_factory=datetime.utcnow, alias='bar')` or
+        `foo=(str, FieldInfo(title='Foo'))`
+    """
+    if __slots__ is not None:
+        # __slots__ will be ignored from here on
+        warnings.warn('__slots__ should not be passed to create_model', RuntimeWarning)
+
+    if __base__ is not None:
+        if __config__ is not None:
+            raise ConfigError('to avoid confusion __config__ and __base__ cannot be used together')
+        if not isinstance(__base__, tuple):
+            __base__ = (__base__,)
+    else:
+        __base__ = (cast(Type['Model'], BaseModel),)
+
+    __cls_kwargs__ = __cls_kwargs__ or {}
+
+    fields = {}
+    annotations = {}
+
+    for f_name, f_def in field_definitions.items():
+        if not is_valid_field(f_name):
+            warnings.warn(f'fields may not start with an underscore, ignoring "{f_name}"', RuntimeWarning)
+        if isinstance(f_def, tuple):
+            try:
+                f_annotation, f_value = f_def
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise ConfigError(
+                    'field definitions should either be a tuple of (<type>, <default>) or just a '
+                    'default value, unfortunately this means tuples as '
+                    'default values are not allowed'
+                ) from e
+        else:
+            f_annotation, f_value = None, f_def
+
+        if f_annotation:
+            annotations[f_name] = f_annotation
+        fields[f_name] = f_value
+
+    namespace: 'DictStrAny' = {'__annotations__': annotations, '__module__': __module__}
+    if __validators__:
+        namespace.update(__validators__)
+    namespace.update(fields)
+    if __config__:
+        namespace['Config'] = inherit_config(__config__, BaseConfig)
+    resolved_bases = resolve_bases(__base__)
+    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(__model_name, resolved_bases, kwds=__cls_kwargs__)
+    if resolved_bases is not __base__:
+        ns['__orig_bases__'] = __base__
+    namespace.update(ns)
+    return meta(__model_name, resolved_bases, namespace, **kwds)
+
+
+_missing = object()
+
+
+def validate_model(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    model: Type[BaseModel], input_data: 'DictStrAny', cls: 'ModelOrDc' = None
+) -> Tuple['DictStrAny', 'SetStr', Optional[ValidationError]]:
+    """
+    validate data against a model.
+    """
+    values = {}
+    errors = []
+    # input_data names, possibly alias
+    names_used = set()
+    # field names, never aliases
+    fields_set = set()
+    config = model.__config__
+    check_extra = config.extra is not Extra.ignore
+    cls_ = cls or model
+
+    for validator in model.__pre_root_validators__:
+        try:
+            input_data = validator(cls_, input_data)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+            return {}, set(), ValidationError([ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY)], cls_)
+
+    for name, field in model.__fields__.items():
+        value = input_data.get(field.alias, _missing)
+        using_name = False
+        if value is _missing and config.allow_population_by_field_name and field.alt_alias:
+            value = input_data.get(field.name, _missing)
+            using_name = True
+
+        if value is _missing:
+            if field.required:
+                errors.append(ErrorWrapper(MissingError(), loc=field.alias))
+                continue
+
+            value = field.get_default()
+
+            if not config.validate_all and not field.validate_always:
+                values[name] = value
+                continue
+        else:
+            fields_set.add(name)
+            if check_extra:
+                names_used.add(field.name if using_name else field.alias)
+
+        v_, errors_ = field.validate(value, values, loc=field.alias, cls=cls_)
+        if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper):
+            errors.append(errors_)
+        elif isinstance(errors_, list):
+            errors.extend(errors_)
+        else:
+            values[name] = v_
+
+    if check_extra:
+        if isinstance(input_data, GetterDict):
+            extra = input_data.extra_keys() - names_used
+        else:
+            extra = input_data.keys() - names_used
+        if extra:
+            fields_set |= extra
+            if config.extra is Extra.allow:
+                for f in extra:
+                    values[f] = input_data[f]
+            else:
+                for f in sorted(extra):
+                    errors.append(ErrorWrapper(ExtraError(), loc=f))
+
+    for skip_on_failure, validator in model.__post_root_validators__:
+        if skip_on_failure and errors:
+            continue
+        try:
+            values = validator(cls_, values)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, AssertionError) as exc:
+            errors.append(ErrorWrapper(exc, loc=ROOT_KEY))
+
+    if errors:
+        return values, fields_set, ValidationError(errors, cls_)
+    else:
+        return values, fields_set, None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/mypy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/mypy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a77569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/mypy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+import sys
+from configparser import ConfigParser
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type as TypingType, Union
+
+from mypy.errorcodes import ErrorCode
+from mypy.nodes import (
+    ARG_NAMED,
+    ARG_NAMED_OPT,
+    ARG_OPT,
+    ARG_POS,
+    ARG_STAR2,
+    MDEF,
+    Argument,
+    AssignmentStmt,
+    Block,
+    CallExpr,
+    ClassDef,
+    Context,
+    Decorator,
+    EllipsisExpr,
+    FuncBase,
+    FuncDef,
+    JsonDict,
+    MemberExpr,
+    NameExpr,
+    PassStmt,
+    PlaceholderNode,
+    RefExpr,
+    StrExpr,
+    SymbolNode,
+    SymbolTableNode,
+    TempNode,
+    TypeInfo,
+    TypeVarExpr,
+    Var,
+)
+from mypy.options import Options
+from mypy.plugin import (
+    CheckerPluginInterface,
+    ClassDefContext,
+    FunctionContext,
+    MethodContext,
+    Plugin,
+    ReportConfigContext,
+    SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface,
+)
+from mypy.plugins import dataclasses
+from mypy.semanal import set_callable_name  # type: ignore
+from mypy.server.trigger import make_wildcard_trigger
+from mypy.types import (
+    AnyType,
+    CallableType,
+    Instance,
+    NoneType,
+    Overloaded,
+    ProperType,
+    Type,
+    TypeOfAny,
+    TypeType,
+    TypeVarId,
+    TypeVarType,
+    UnionType,
+    get_proper_type,
+)
+from mypy.typevars import fill_typevars
+from mypy.util import get_unique_redefinition_name
+from mypy.version import __version__ as mypy_version
+
+from pydantic.v1.utils import is_valid_field
+
+try:
+    from mypy.types import TypeVarDef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Backward-compatible with TypeVarDef from Mypy 0.910.
+    from mypy.types import TypeVarType as TypeVarDef
+
+CONFIGFILE_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy'
+METADATA_KEY = 'pydantic-mypy-metadata'
+_NAMESPACE = __name__[:-5]  # 'pydantic' in 1.10.X, 'pydantic.v1' in v2.X
+BASEMODEL_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.main.BaseModel'
+BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.env_settings.BaseSettings'
+MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.main.ModelMetaclass'
+FIELD_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.fields.Field'
+DATACLASS_FULLNAME = f'{_NAMESPACE}.dataclasses.dataclass'
+
+
+def parse_mypy_version(version: str) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    return tuple(map(int, version.partition('+')[0].split('.')))
+
+
+MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE = parse_mypy_version(mypy_version)
+BUILTINS_NAME = 'builtins' if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE >= (0, 930) else '__builtins__'
+
+# Increment version if plugin changes and mypy caches should be invalidated
+__version__ = 2
+
+
+def plugin(version: str) -> 'TypingType[Plugin]':
+    """
+    `version` is the mypy version string
+
+    We might want to use this to print a warning if the mypy version being used is
+    newer, or especially older, than we expect (or need).
+    """
+    return PydanticPlugin
+
+
+class PydanticPlugin(Plugin):
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        self.plugin_config = PydanticPluginConfig(options)
+        self._plugin_data = self.plugin_config.to_data()
+        super().__init__(options)
+
+    def get_base_class_hook(self, fullname: str) -> 'Optional[Callable[[ClassDefContext], None]]':
+        sym = self.lookup_fully_qualified(fullname)
+        if sym and isinstance(sym.node, TypeInfo):  # pragma: no branch
+            # No branching may occur if the mypy cache has not been cleared
+            if any(get_fullname(base) == BASEMODEL_FULLNAME for base in sym.node.mro):
+                return self._pydantic_model_class_maker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_metaclass_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Optional[Callable[[ClassDefContext], None]]:
+        if fullname == MODEL_METACLASS_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_function_hook(self, fullname: str) -> 'Optional[Callable[[FunctionContext], Type]]':
+        sym = self.lookup_fully_qualified(fullname)
+        if sym and sym.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            return self._pydantic_field_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_method_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Optional[Callable[[MethodContext], Type]]:
+        if fullname.endswith('.from_orm'):
+            return from_orm_callback
+        return None
+
+    def get_class_decorator_hook(self, fullname: str) -> Optional[Callable[[ClassDefContext], None]]:
+        """Mark pydantic.dataclasses as dataclass.
+
+        Mypy version 1.1.1 added support for `@dataclass_transform` decorator.
+        """
+        if fullname == DATACLASS_FULLNAME and MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE < (1, 1):
+            return dataclasses.dataclass_class_maker_callback  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return None
+
+    def report_config_data(self, ctx: ReportConfigContext) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return all plugin config data.
+
+        Used by mypy to determine if cache needs to be discarded.
+        """
+        return self._plugin_data
+
+    def _pydantic_model_class_maker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        transformer = PydanticModelTransformer(ctx, self.plugin_config)
+        transformer.transform()
+
+    def _pydantic_model_metaclass_marker_callback(self, ctx: ClassDefContext) -> None:
+        """Reset dataclass_transform_spec attribute of ModelMetaclass.
+
+        Let the plugin handle it. This behavior can be disabled
+        if 'debug_dataclass_transform' is set to True', for testing purposes.
+        """
+        if self.plugin_config.debug_dataclass_transform:
+            return
+        info_metaclass = ctx.cls.info.declared_metaclass
+        assert info_metaclass, "callback not passed from 'get_metaclass_hook'"
+        if getattr(info_metaclass.type, 'dataclass_transform_spec', None):
+            info_metaclass.type.dataclass_transform_spec = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def _pydantic_field_callback(self, ctx: FunctionContext) -> 'Type':
+        """
+        Extract the type of the `default` argument from the Field function, and use it as the return type.
+
+        In particular:
+        * Check whether the default and default_factory argument is specified.
+        * Output an error if both are specified.
+        * Retrieve the type of the argument which is specified, and use it as return type for the function.
+        """
+        default_any_type = ctx.default_return_type
+
+        assert ctx.callee_arg_names[0] == 'default', '"default" is no longer first argument in Field()'
+        assert ctx.callee_arg_names[1] == 'default_factory', '"default_factory" is no longer second argument in Field()'
+        default_args = ctx.args[0]
+        default_factory_args = ctx.args[1]
+
+        if default_args and default_factory_args:
+            error_default_and_default_factory_specified(ctx.api, ctx.context)
+            return default_any_type
+
+        if default_args:
+            default_type = ctx.arg_types[0][0]
+            default_arg = default_args[0]
+
+            # Fallback to default Any type if the field is required
+            if not isinstance(default_arg, EllipsisExpr):
+                return default_type
+
+        elif default_factory_args:
+            default_factory_type = ctx.arg_types[1][0]
+
+            # Functions which use `ParamSpec` can be overloaded, exposing the callable's types as a parameter
+            # Pydantic calls the default factory without any argument, so we retrieve the first item
+            if isinstance(default_factory_type, Overloaded):
+                if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE > (0, 910):
+                    default_factory_type = default_factory_type.items[0]
+                else:
+                    # Mypy0.910 exposes the items of overloaded types in a function
+                    default_factory_type = default_factory_type.items()[0]  # type: ignore[operator]
+
+            if isinstance(default_factory_type, CallableType):
+                ret_type = get_proper_type(default_factory_type.ret_type)
+                if (
+                    isinstance(ret_type, Instance)
+                    and ret_type.args
+                    and all(isinstance(arg, TypeVarType) for arg in ret_type.args)
+                ):
+                    # Looks like the default factory is a type like `list` or `dict`, replace all args with `Any`
+                    ret_type = ret_type.copy_modified(args=[default_any_type] * len(ret_type.args))
+                return ret_type
+
+        return default_any_type
+
+
+class PydanticPluginConfig:
+    __slots__ = (
+        'init_forbid_extra',
+        'init_typed',
+        'warn_required_dynamic_aliases',
+        'warn_untyped_fields',
+        'debug_dataclass_transform',
+    )
+    init_forbid_extra: bool
+    init_typed: bool
+    warn_required_dynamic_aliases: bool
+    warn_untyped_fields: bool
+    debug_dataclass_transform: bool  # undocumented
+
+    def __init__(self, options: Options) -> None:
+        if options.config_file is None:  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+
+        toml_config = parse_toml(options.config_file)
+        if toml_config is not None:
+            config = toml_config.get('tool', {}).get('pydantic-mypy', {})
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = config.get(key, False)
+                if not isinstance(setting, bool):
+                    raise ValueError(f'Configuration value must be a boolean for key: {key}')
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+        else:
+            plugin_config = ConfigParser()
+            plugin_config.read(options.config_file)
+            for key in self.__slots__:
+                setting = plugin_config.getboolean(CONFIGFILE_KEY, key, fallback=False)
+                setattr(self, key, setting)
+
+    def to_data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {key: getattr(self, key) for key in self.__slots__}
+
+
+def from_orm_callback(ctx: MethodContext) -> Type:
+    """
+    Raise an error if orm_mode is not enabled
+    """
+    model_type: Instance
+    ctx_type = ctx.type
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, TypeType):
+        ctx_type = ctx_type.item
+    if isinstance(ctx_type, CallableType) and isinstance(ctx_type.ret_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type.ret_type  # called on the class
+    elif isinstance(ctx_type, Instance):
+        model_type = ctx_type  # called on an instance (unusual, but still valid)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        detail = f'ctx.type: {ctx_type} (of type {ctx_type.__class__.__name__})'
+        error_unexpected_behavior(detail, ctx.api, ctx.context)
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    pydantic_metadata = model_type.type.metadata.get(METADATA_KEY)
+    if pydantic_metadata is None:
+        return ctx.default_return_type
+    orm_mode = pydantic_metadata.get('config', {}).get('orm_mode')
+    if orm_mode is not True:
+        error_from_orm(get_name(model_type.type), ctx.api, ctx.context)
+    return ctx.default_return_type
+
+
+class PydanticModelTransformer:
+    tracked_config_fields: Set[str] = {
+        'extra',
+        'allow_mutation',
+        'frozen',
+        'orm_mode',
+        'allow_population_by_field_name',
+        'alias_generator',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: ClassDefContext, plugin_config: PydanticPluginConfig) -> None:
+        self._ctx = ctx
+        self.plugin_config = plugin_config
+
+    def transform(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Configures the BaseModel subclass according to the plugin settings.
+
+        In particular:
+        * determines the model config and fields,
+        * adds a fields-aware signature for the initializer and construct methods
+        * freezes the class if allow_mutation = False or frozen = True
+        * stores the fields, config, and if the class is settings in the mypy metadata for access by subclasses
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        info = ctx.cls.info
+
+        self.adjust_validator_signatures()
+        config = self.collect_config()
+        fields = self.collect_fields(config)
+        is_settings = any(get_fullname(base) == BASESETTINGS_FULLNAME for base in info.mro[:-1])
+        self.add_initializer(fields, config, is_settings)
+        self.add_construct_method(fields)
+        self.set_frozen(fields, frozen=config.allow_mutation is False or config.frozen is True)
+        info.metadata[METADATA_KEY] = {
+            'fields': {field.name: field.serialize() for field in fields},
+            'config': config.set_values_dict(),
+        }
+
+    def adjust_validator_signatures(self) -> None:
+        """When we decorate a function `f` with `pydantic.validator(...), mypy sees
+        `f` as a regular method taking a `self` instance, even though pydantic
+        internally wraps `f` with `classmethod` if necessary.
+
+        Teach mypy this by marking any function whose outermost decorator is a
+        `validator()` call as a classmethod.
+        """
+        for name, sym in self._ctx.cls.info.names.items():
+            if isinstance(sym.node, Decorator):
+                first_dec = sym.node.original_decorators[0]
+                if (
+                    isinstance(first_dec, CallExpr)
+                    and isinstance(first_dec.callee, NameExpr)
+                    and first_dec.callee.fullname == f'{_NAMESPACE}.class_validators.validator'
+                ):
+                    sym.node.func.is_class = True
+
+    def collect_config(self) -> 'ModelConfigData':
+        """
+        Collects the values of the config attributes that are used by the plugin, accounting for parent classes.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        cls = ctx.cls
+        config = ModelConfigData()
+        for stmt in cls.defs.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, ClassDef):
+                continue
+            if stmt.name == 'Config':
+                for substmt in stmt.defs.body:
+                    if not isinstance(substmt, AssignmentStmt):
+                        continue
+                    config.update(self.get_config_update(substmt))
+                if (
+                    config.has_alias_generator
+                    and not config.allow_population_by_field_name
+                    and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+                ):
+                    error_required_dynamic_aliases(ctx.api, stmt)
+        for info in cls.info.mro[1:]:  # 0 is the current class
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            # Each class depends on the set of fields in its ancestors
+            ctx.api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(get_fullname(info)))
+            for name, value in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['config'].items():
+                config.setdefault(name, value)
+        return config
+
+    def collect_fields(self, model_config: 'ModelConfigData') -> List['PydanticModelField']:
+        """
+        Collects the fields for the model, accounting for parent classes
+        """
+        # First, collect fields belonging to the current class.
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        cls = self._ctx.cls
+        fields = []  # type: List[PydanticModelField]
+        known_fields = set()  # type: Set[str]
+        for stmt in cls.defs.body:
+            if not isinstance(stmt, AssignmentStmt):  # `and stmt.new_syntax` to require annotation
+                continue
+
+            lhs = stmt.lvalues[0]
+            if not isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) or not is_valid_field(lhs.name):
+                continue
+
+            if not stmt.new_syntax and self.plugin_config.warn_untyped_fields:
+                error_untyped_fields(ctx.api, stmt)
+
+            # if lhs.name == '__config__':  # BaseConfig not well handled; I'm not sure why yet
+            #     continue
+
+            sym = cls.info.names.get(lhs.name)
+            if sym is None:  # pragma: no cover
+                # This is likely due to a star import (see the dataclasses plugin for a more detailed explanation)
+                # This is the same logic used in the dataclasses plugin
+                continue
+
+            node = sym.node
+            if isinstance(node, PlaceholderNode):  # pragma: no cover
+                # See the PlaceholderNode docstring for more detail about how this can occur
+                # Basically, it is an edge case when dealing with complex import logic
+                # This is the same logic used in the dataclasses plugin
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(node, Var):  # pragma: no cover
+                # Don't know if this edge case still happens with the `is_valid_field` check above
+                # but better safe than sorry
+                continue
+
+            # x: ClassVar[int] is ignored by dataclasses.
+            if node.is_classvar:
+                continue
+
+            is_required = self.get_is_required(cls, stmt, lhs)
+            alias, has_dynamic_alias = self.get_alias_info(stmt)
+            if (
+                has_dynamic_alias
+                and not model_config.allow_population_by_field_name
+                and self.plugin_config.warn_required_dynamic_aliases
+            ):
+                error_required_dynamic_aliases(ctx.api, stmt)
+            fields.append(
+                PydanticModelField(
+                    name=lhs.name,
+                    is_required=is_required,
+                    alias=alias,
+                    has_dynamic_alias=has_dynamic_alias,
+                    line=stmt.line,
+                    column=stmt.column,
+                )
+            )
+            known_fields.add(lhs.name)
+        all_fields = fields.copy()
+        for info in cls.info.mro[1:]:  # 0 is the current class, -2 is BaseModel, -1 is object
+            if METADATA_KEY not in info.metadata:
+                continue
+
+            superclass_fields = []
+            # Each class depends on the set of fields in its ancestors
+            ctx.api.add_plugin_dependency(make_wildcard_trigger(get_fullname(info)))
+
+            for name, data in info.metadata[METADATA_KEY]['fields'].items():
+                if name not in known_fields:
+                    field = PydanticModelField.deserialize(info, data)
+                    known_fields.add(name)
+                    superclass_fields.append(field)
+                else:
+                    (field,) = (a for a in all_fields if a.name == name)
+                    all_fields.remove(field)
+                    superclass_fields.append(field)
+            all_fields = superclass_fields + all_fields
+        return all_fields
+
+    def add_initializer(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], config: 'ModelConfigData', is_settings: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a fields-aware `__init__` method to the class.
+
+        The added `__init__` will be annotated with types vs. all `Any` depending on the plugin settings.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        typed = self.plugin_config.init_typed
+        use_alias = config.allow_population_by_field_name is not True
+        force_all_optional = is_settings or bool(
+            config.has_alias_generator and not config.allow_population_by_field_name
+        )
+        init_arguments = self.get_field_arguments(
+            fields, typed=typed, force_all_optional=force_all_optional, use_alias=use_alias
+        )
+        if not self.should_init_forbid_extra(fields, config):
+            var = Var('kwargs')
+            init_arguments.append(Argument(var, AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit), None, ARG_STAR2))
+
+        if '__init__' not in ctx.cls.info.names:
+            add_method(ctx, '__init__', init_arguments, NoneType())
+
+    def add_construct_method(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField']) -> None:
+        """
+        Adds a fully typed `construct` classmethod to the class.
+
+        Similar to the fields-aware __init__ method, but always uses the field names (not aliases),
+        and does not treat settings fields as optional.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        set_str = ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.set', [ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.str')])
+        optional_set_str = UnionType([set_str, NoneType()])
+        fields_set_argument = Argument(Var('_fields_set', optional_set_str), optional_set_str, None, ARG_OPT)
+        construct_arguments = self.get_field_arguments(fields, typed=True, force_all_optional=False, use_alias=False)
+        construct_arguments = [fields_set_argument] + construct_arguments
+
+        obj_type = ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.object')
+        self_tvar_name = '_PydanticBaseModel'  # Make sure it does not conflict with other names in the class
+        tvar_fullname = ctx.cls.fullname + '.' + self_tvar_name
+        if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE >= (1, 4):
+            tvd = TypeVarType(
+                self_tvar_name,
+                tvar_fullname,
+                (
+                    TypeVarId(-1, namespace=ctx.cls.fullname + '.construct')
+                    if MYPY_VERSION_TUPLE >= (1, 11)
+                    else TypeVarId(-1)
+                ),
+                [],
+                obj_type,
+                AnyType(TypeOfAny.from_omitted_generics),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+            self_tvar_expr = TypeVarExpr(
+                self_tvar_name,
+                tvar_fullname,
+                [],
+                obj_type,
+                AnyType(TypeOfAny.from_omitted_generics),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+        else:
+            tvd = TypeVarDef(self_tvar_name, tvar_fullname, -1, [], obj_type)
+            self_tvar_expr = TypeVarExpr(self_tvar_name, tvar_fullname, [], obj_type)
+        ctx.cls.info.names[self_tvar_name] = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, self_tvar_expr)
+
+        # Backward-compatible with TypeVarDef from Mypy 0.910.
+        if isinstance(tvd, TypeVarType):
+            self_type = tvd
+        else:
+            self_type = TypeVarType(tvd)
+
+        add_method(
+            ctx,
+            'construct',
+            construct_arguments,
+            return_type=self_type,
+            self_type=self_type,
+            tvar_def=tvd,
+            is_classmethod=True,
+        )
+
+    def set_frozen(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], frozen: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Marks all fields as properties so that attempts to set them trigger mypy errors.
+
+        This is the same approach used by the attrs and dataclasses plugins.
+        """
+        ctx = self._ctx
+        info = ctx.cls.info
+        for field in fields:
+            sym_node = info.names.get(field.name)
+            if sym_node is not None:
+                var = sym_node.node
+                if isinstance(var, Var):
+                    var.is_property = frozen
+                elif isinstance(var, PlaceholderNode) and not ctx.api.final_iteration:
+                    # See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/5191 to hit this branch for test coverage
+                    ctx.api.defer()
+                else:  # pragma: no cover
+                    # I don't know whether it's possible to hit this branch, but I've added it for safety
+                    try:
+                        var_str = str(var)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        # This happens for PlaceholderNode; perhaps it will happen for other types in the future..
+                        var_str = repr(var)
+                    detail = f'sym_node.node: {var_str} (of type {var.__class__})'
+                    error_unexpected_behavior(detail, ctx.api, ctx.cls)
+            else:
+                var = field.to_var(info, use_alias=False)
+                var.info = info
+                var.is_property = frozen
+                var._fullname = get_fullname(info) + '.' + get_name(var)
+                info.names[get_name(var)] = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, var)
+
+    def get_config_update(self, substmt: AssignmentStmt) -> Optional['ModelConfigData']:
+        """
+        Determines the config update due to a single statement in the Config class definition.
+
+        Warns if a tracked config attribute is set to a value the plugin doesn't know how to interpret (e.g., an int)
+        """
+        lhs = substmt.lvalues[0]
+        if not (isinstance(lhs, NameExpr) and lhs.name in self.tracked_config_fields):
+            return None
+        if lhs.name == 'extra':
+            if isinstance(substmt.rvalue, StrExpr):
+                forbid_extra = substmt.rvalue.value == 'forbid'
+            elif isinstance(substmt.rvalue, MemberExpr):
+                forbid_extra = substmt.rvalue.name == 'forbid'
+            else:
+                error_invalid_config_value(lhs.name, self._ctx.api, substmt)
+                return None
+            return ModelConfigData(forbid_extra=forbid_extra)
+        if lhs.name == 'alias_generator':
+            has_alias_generator = True
+            if isinstance(substmt.rvalue, NameExpr) and substmt.rvalue.fullname == 'builtins.None':
+                has_alias_generator = False
+            return ModelConfigData(has_alias_generator=has_alias_generator)
+        if isinstance(substmt.rvalue, NameExpr) and substmt.rvalue.fullname in ('builtins.True', 'builtins.False'):
+            return ModelConfigData(**{lhs.name: substmt.rvalue.fullname == 'builtins.True'})
+        error_invalid_config_value(lhs.name, self._ctx.api, substmt)
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_is_required(cls: ClassDef, stmt: AssignmentStmt, lhs: NameExpr) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns a boolean indicating whether the field defined in `stmt` is a required field.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only, so only non-required if Optional
+            value_type = get_proper_type(cls.info[lhs.name].type)
+            return not PydanticModelTransformer.type_has_implicit_default(value_type)
+        if isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME:
+            # The "default value" is a call to `Field`; at this point, the field is
+            # only required if default is Ellipsis (i.e., `field_name: Annotation = Field(...)`) or if default_factory
+            # is specified.
+            for arg, name in zip(expr.args, expr.arg_names):
+                # If name is None, then this arg is the default because it is the only positional argument.
+                if name is None or name == 'default':
+                    return arg.__class__ is EllipsisExpr
+                if name == 'default_factory':
+                    return False
+            # In this case, default and default_factory are not specified, so we need to look at the annotation
+            value_type = get_proper_type(cls.info[lhs.name].type)
+            return not PydanticModelTransformer.type_has_implicit_default(value_type)
+        # Only required if the "default value" is Ellipsis (i.e., `field_name: Annotation = ...`)
+        return isinstance(expr, EllipsisExpr)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def type_has_implicit_default(type_: Optional[ProperType]) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns True if the passed type will be given an implicit default value.
+
+        In pydantic v1, this is the case for Optional types and Any (with default value None).
+        """
+        if isinstance(type_, AnyType):
+            # Annotated as Any
+            return True
+        if isinstance(type_, UnionType) and any(
+            isinstance(item, NoneType) or isinstance(item, AnyType) for item in type_.items
+        ):
+            # Annotated as Optional, or otherwise having NoneType or AnyType in the union
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_alias_info(stmt: AssignmentStmt) -> Tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
+        """
+        Returns a pair (alias, has_dynamic_alias), extracted from the declaration of the field defined in `stmt`.
+
+        `has_dynamic_alias` is True if and only if an alias is provided, but not as a string literal.
+        If `has_dynamic_alias` is True, `alias` will be None.
+        """
+        expr = stmt.rvalue
+        if isinstance(expr, TempNode):
+            # TempNode means annotation-only
+            return None, False
+
+        if not (
+            isinstance(expr, CallExpr) and isinstance(expr.callee, RefExpr) and expr.callee.fullname == FIELD_FULLNAME
+        ):
+            # Assigned value is not a call to pydantic.fields.Field
+            return None, False
+
+        for i, arg_name in enumerate(expr.arg_names):
+            if arg_name != 'alias':
+                continue
+            arg = expr.args[i]
+            if isinstance(arg, StrExpr):
+                return arg.value, False
+            else:
+                return None, True
+        return None, False
+
+    def get_field_arguments(
+        self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], typed: bool, force_all_optional: bool, use_alias: bool
+    ) -> List[Argument]:
+        """
+        Helper function used during the construction of the `__init__` and `construct` method signatures.
+
+        Returns a list of mypy Argument instances for use in the generated signatures.
+        """
+        info = self._ctx.cls.info
+        arguments = [
+            field.to_argument(info, typed=typed, force_optional=force_all_optional, use_alias=use_alias)
+            for field in fields
+            if not (use_alias and field.has_dynamic_alias)
+        ]
+        return arguments
+
+    def should_init_forbid_extra(self, fields: List['PydanticModelField'], config: 'ModelConfigData') -> bool:
+        """
+        Indicates whether the generated `__init__` should get a `**kwargs` at the end of its signature
+
+        We disallow arbitrary kwargs if the extra config setting is "forbid", or if the plugin config says to,
+        *unless* a required dynamic alias is present (since then we can't determine a valid signature).
+        """
+        if not config.allow_population_by_field_name:
+            if self.is_dynamic_alias_present(fields, bool(config.has_alias_generator)):
+                return False
+        if config.forbid_extra:
+            return True
+        return self.plugin_config.init_forbid_extra
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_dynamic_alias_present(fields: List['PydanticModelField'], has_alias_generator: bool) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns whether any fields on the model have a "dynamic alias", i.e., an alias that cannot be
+        determined during static analysis.
+        """
+        for field in fields:
+            if field.has_dynamic_alias:
+                return True
+        if has_alias_generator:
+            for field in fields:
+                if field.alias is None:
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+
+class PydanticModelField:
+    def __init__(
+        self, name: str, is_required: bool, alias: Optional[str], has_dynamic_alias: bool, line: int, column: int
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.is_required = is_required
+        self.alias = alias
+        self.has_dynamic_alias = has_dynamic_alias
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+
+    def to_var(self, info: TypeInfo, use_alias: bool) -> Var:
+        name = self.name
+        if use_alias and self.alias is not None:
+            name = self.alias
+        return Var(name, info[self.name].type)
+
+    def to_argument(self, info: TypeInfo, typed: bool, force_optional: bool, use_alias: bool) -> Argument:
+        if typed and info[self.name].type is not None:
+            type_annotation = info[self.name].type
+        else:
+            type_annotation = AnyType(TypeOfAny.explicit)
+        return Argument(
+            variable=self.to_var(info, use_alias),
+            type_annotation=type_annotation,
+            initializer=None,
+            kind=ARG_NAMED_OPT if force_optional or not self.is_required else ARG_NAMED,
+        )
+
+    def serialize(self) -> JsonDict:
+        return self.__dict__
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, info: TypeInfo, data: JsonDict) -> 'PydanticModelField':
+        return cls(**data)
+
+
+class ModelConfigData:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        forbid_extra: Optional[bool] = None,
+        allow_mutation: Optional[bool] = None,
+        frozen: Optional[bool] = None,
+        orm_mode: Optional[bool] = None,
+        allow_population_by_field_name: Optional[bool] = None,
+        has_alias_generator: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ):
+        self.forbid_extra = forbid_extra
+        self.allow_mutation = allow_mutation
+        self.frozen = frozen
+        self.orm_mode = orm_mode
+        self.allow_population_by_field_name = allow_population_by_field_name
+        self.has_alias_generator = has_alias_generator
+
+    def set_values_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if v is not None}
+
+    def update(self, config: Optional['ModelConfigData']) -> None:
+        if config is None:
+            return
+        for k, v in config.set_values_dict().items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        if getattr(self, key) is None:
+            setattr(self, key, value)
+
+
+ERROR_ORM = ErrorCode('pydantic-orm', 'Invalid from_orm call', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_CONFIG = ErrorCode('pydantic-config', 'Invalid config value', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_ALIAS = ErrorCode('pydantic-alias', 'Dynamic alias disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNEXPECTED = ErrorCode('pydantic-unexpected', 'Unexpected behavior', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_UNTYPED = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Untyped field disallowed', 'Pydantic')
+ERROR_FIELD_DEFAULTS = ErrorCode('pydantic-field', 'Invalid Field defaults', 'Pydantic')
+
+
+def error_from_orm(model_name: str, api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail(f'"{model_name}" does not have orm_mode=True', context, code=ERROR_ORM)
+
+
+def error_invalid_config_value(name: str, api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail(f'Invalid value for "Config.{name}"', context, code=ERROR_CONFIG)
+
+
+def error_required_dynamic_aliases(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail('Required dynamic aliases disallowed', context, code=ERROR_ALIAS)
+
+
+def error_unexpected_behavior(
+    detail: str, api: Union[CheckerPluginInterface, SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface], context: Context
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Can't think of a good way to test this, but I confirmed it renders as desired by adding to a non-error path
+    link = 'https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/new/choose'
+    full_message = f'The pydantic mypy plugin ran into unexpected behavior: {detail}\n'
+    full_message += f'Please consider reporting this bug at {link} so we can try to fix it!'
+    api.fail(full_message, context, code=ERROR_UNEXPECTED)
+
+
+def error_untyped_fields(api: SemanticAnalyzerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail('Untyped fields disallowed', context, code=ERROR_UNTYPED)
+
+
+def error_default_and_default_factory_specified(api: CheckerPluginInterface, context: Context) -> None:
+    api.fail('Field default and default_factory cannot be specified together', context, code=ERROR_FIELD_DEFAULTS)
+
+
+def add_method(
+    ctx: ClassDefContext,
+    name: str,
+    args: List[Argument],
+    return_type: Type,
+    self_type: Optional[Type] = None,
+    tvar_def: Optional[TypeVarDef] = None,
+    is_classmethod: bool = False,
+    is_new: bool = False,
+    # is_staticmethod: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Adds a new method to a class.
+
+    This can be dropped if/when https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7301 is merged
+    """
+    info = ctx.cls.info
+
+    # First remove any previously generated methods with the same name
+    # to avoid clashes and problems in the semantic analyzer.
+    if name in info.names:
+        sym = info.names[name]
+        if sym.plugin_generated and isinstance(sym.node, FuncDef):
+            ctx.cls.defs.body.remove(sym.node)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    self_type = self_type or fill_typevars(info)
+    if is_classmethod or is_new:
+        first = [Argument(Var('_cls'), TypeType.make_normalized(self_type), None, ARG_POS)]
+    # elif is_staticmethod:
+    #     first = []
+    else:
+        self_type = self_type or fill_typevars(info)
+        first = [Argument(Var('__pydantic_self__'), self_type, None, ARG_POS)]
+    args = first + args
+    arg_types, arg_names, arg_kinds = [], [], []
+    for arg in args:
+        assert arg.type_annotation, 'All arguments must be fully typed.'
+        arg_types.append(arg.type_annotation)
+        arg_names.append(get_name(arg.variable))
+        arg_kinds.append(arg.kind)
+
+    function_type = ctx.api.named_type(f'{BUILTINS_NAME}.function')
+    signature = CallableType(
+        arg_types, arg_kinds, arg_names, return_type, function_type, variables=[tvar_def] if tvar_def else None
+    )
+
+    func = FuncDef(name, args, Block([PassStmt()]))
+    func.info = info
+    func.type = set_callable_name(signature, func)
+    func.is_class = is_classmethod
+    # func.is_static = is_staticmethod
+    func._fullname = get_fullname(info) + '.' + name
+    func.line = info.line
+
+    # NOTE: we would like the plugin generated node to dominate, but we still
+    # need to keep any existing definitions so they get semantically analyzed.
+    if name in info.names:
+        # Get a nice unique name instead.
+        r_name = get_unique_redefinition_name(name, info.names)
+        info.names[r_name] = info.names[name]
+
+    if is_classmethod:  # or is_staticmethod:
+        func.is_decorated = True
+        v = Var(name, func.type)
+        v.info = info
+        v._fullname = func._fullname
+        # if is_classmethod:
+        v.is_classmethod = True
+        dec = Decorator(func, [NameExpr('classmethod')], v)
+        # else:
+        #     v.is_staticmethod = True
+        #     dec = Decorator(func, [NameExpr('staticmethod')], v)
+
+        dec.line = info.line
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, dec)
+    else:
+        sym = SymbolTableNode(MDEF, func)
+    sym.plugin_generated = True
+
+    info.names[name] = sym
+    info.defn.defs.body.append(func)
+
+
+def get_fullname(x: Union[FuncBase, SymbolNode]) -> str:
+    """
+    Used for compatibility with mypy 0.740; can be dropped once support for 0.740 is dropped.
+    """
+    fn = x.fullname
+    if callable(fn):  # pragma: no cover
+        return fn()
+    return fn
+
+
+def get_name(x: Union[FuncBase, SymbolNode]) -> str:
+    """
+    Used for compatibility with mypy 0.740; can be dropped once support for 0.740 is dropped.
+    """
+    fn = x.name
+    if callable(fn):  # pragma: no cover
+        return fn()
+    return fn
+
+
+def parse_toml(config_file: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not config_file.endswith('.toml'):
+        return None
+
+    read_mode = 'rb'
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        import tomllib as toml_
+    else:
+        try:
+            import tomli as toml_
+        except ImportError:
+            # older versions of mypy have toml as a dependency, not tomli
+            read_mode = 'r'
+            try:
+                import toml as toml_  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+                import warnings
+
+                warnings.warn('No TOML parser installed, cannot read configuration from `pyproject.toml`.')
+                return None
+
+    with open(config_file, read_mode) as rf:
+        return toml_.load(rf)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/networks.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/networks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba07b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/networks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+import re
+from ipaddress import (
+    IPv4Address,
+    IPv4Interface,
+    IPv4Network,
+    IPv6Address,
+    IPv6Interface,
+    IPv6Network,
+    _BaseAddress,
+    _BaseNetwork,
+)
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Match,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    no_type_check,
+)
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+from pydantic.v1.utils import Representation, update_not_none
+from pydantic.v1.validators import constr_length_validator, str_validator
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import email_validator
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AnyCallable
+
+    CallableGenerator = Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]
+
+    class Parts(TypedDict, total=False):
+        scheme: str
+        user: Optional[str]
+        password: Optional[str]
+        ipv4: Optional[str]
+        ipv6: Optional[str]
+        domain: Optional[str]
+        port: Optional[str]
+        path: Optional[str]
+        query: Optional[str]
+        fragment: Optional[str]
+
+    class HostParts(TypedDict, total=False):
+        host: str
+        tld: Optional[str]
+        host_type: Optional[str]
+        port: Optional[str]
+        rebuild: bool
+
+else:
+    email_validator = None
+
+    class Parts(dict):
+        pass
+
+
+NetworkType = Union[str, bytes, int, Tuple[Union[str, bytes, int], Union[str, int]]]
+
+__all__ = [
+    'AnyUrl',
+    'AnyHttpUrl',
+    'FileUrl',
+    'HttpUrl',
+    'stricturl',
+    'EmailStr',
+    'NameEmail',
+    'IPvAnyAddress',
+    'IPvAnyInterface',
+    'IPvAnyNetwork',
+    'PostgresDsn',
+    'CockroachDsn',
+    'AmqpDsn',
+    'RedisDsn',
+    'MongoDsn',
+    'KafkaDsn',
+    'validate_email',
+]
+
+_url_regex_cache = None
+_multi_host_url_regex_cache = None
+_ascii_domain_regex_cache = None
+_int_domain_regex_cache = None
+_host_regex_cache = None
+
+_host_regex = (
+    r'(?:'
+    r'(?P<ipv4>(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3})(?=$|[/:#?])|'  # ipv4
+    r'(?P<ipv6>\[[A-F0-9]*:[A-F0-9:]+\])(?=$|[/:#?])|'  # ipv6
+    r'(?P<domain>[^\s/:?#]+)'  # domain, validation occurs later
+    r')?'
+    r'(?::(?P<port>\d+))?'  # port
+)
+_scheme_regex = r'(?:(?P<scheme>[a-z][a-z0-9+\-.]+)://)?'  # scheme https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#appendix-A
+_user_info_regex = r'(?:(?P<user>[^\s:/]*)(?::(?P<password>[^\s/]*))?@)?'
+_path_regex = r'(?P<path>/[^\s?#]*)?'
+_query_regex = r'(?:\?(?P<query>[^\s#]*))?'
+_fragment_regex = r'(?:#(?P<fragment>[^\s#]*))?'
+
+
+def url_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _url_regex_cache
+    if _url_regex_cache is None:
+        _url_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            rf'{_scheme_regex}{_user_info_regex}{_host_regex}{_path_regex}{_query_regex}{_fragment_regex}',
+            re.IGNORECASE,
+        )
+    return _url_regex_cache
+
+
+def multi_host_url_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    """
+    Compiled multi host url regex.
+
+    Additionally to `url_regex` it allows to match multiple hosts.
+    E.g. host1.db.net,host2.db.net
+    """
+    global _multi_host_url_regex_cache
+    if _multi_host_url_regex_cache is None:
+        _multi_host_url_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            rf'{_scheme_regex}{_user_info_regex}'
+            r'(?P<hosts>([^/]*))'  # validation occurs later
+            rf'{_path_regex}{_query_regex}{_fragment_regex}',
+            re.IGNORECASE,
+        )
+    return _multi_host_url_regex_cache
+
+
+def ascii_domain_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _ascii_domain_regex_cache
+    if _ascii_domain_regex_cache is None:
+        ascii_chunk = r'[_0-9a-z](?:[-_0-9a-z]{0,61}[_0-9a-z])?'
+        ascii_domain_ending = r'(?P<tld>\.[a-z]{2,63})?\.?'
+        _ascii_domain_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            fr'(?:{ascii_chunk}\.)*?{ascii_chunk}{ascii_domain_ending}', re.IGNORECASE
+        )
+    return _ascii_domain_regex_cache
+
+
+def int_domain_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _int_domain_regex_cache
+    if _int_domain_regex_cache is None:
+        int_chunk = r'[_0-9a-\U00040000](?:[-_0-9a-\U00040000]{0,61}[_0-9a-\U00040000])?'
+        int_domain_ending = r'(?P<tld>(\.[^\W\d_]{2,63})|(\.(?:xn--)[_0-9a-z-]{2,63}))?\.?'
+        _int_domain_regex_cache = re.compile(fr'(?:{int_chunk}\.)*?{int_chunk}{int_domain_ending}', re.IGNORECASE)
+    return _int_domain_regex_cache
+
+
+def host_regex() -> Pattern[str]:
+    global _host_regex_cache
+    if _host_regex_cache is None:
+        _host_regex_cache = re.compile(
+            _host_regex,
+            re.IGNORECASE,
+        )
+    return _host_regex_cache
+
+
+class AnyUrl(str):
+    strip_whitespace = True
+    min_length = 1
+    max_length = 2**16
+    allowed_schemes: Optional[Collection[str]] = None
+    tld_required: bool = False
+    user_required: bool = False
+    host_required: bool = True
+    hidden_parts: Set[str] = set()
+
+    __slots__ = ('scheme', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'tld', 'host_type', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment')
+
+    @no_type_check
+    def __new__(cls, url: Optional[str], **kwargs) -> object:
+        return str.__new__(cls, cls.build(**kwargs) if url is None else url)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        user: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        tld: Optional[str] = None,
+        host_type: str = 'domain',
+        port: Optional[str] = None,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        query: Optional[str] = None,
+        fragment: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        str.__init__(url)
+        self.scheme = scheme
+        self.user = user
+        self.password = password
+        self.host = host
+        self.tld = tld
+        self.host_type = host_type
+        self.port = port
+        self.path = path
+        self.query = query
+        self.fragment = fragment
+
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        user: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        host: str,
+        port: Optional[str] = None,
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+        query: Optional[str] = None,
+        fragment: Optional[str] = None,
+        **_kwargs: str,
+    ) -> str:
+        parts = Parts(
+            scheme=scheme,
+            user=user,
+            password=password,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            path=path,
+            query=query,
+            fragment=fragment,
+            **_kwargs,  # type: ignore[misc]
+        )
+
+        url = scheme + '://'
+        if user:
+            url += user
+        if password:
+            url += ':' + password
+        if user or password:
+            url += '@'
+        url += host
+        if port and ('port' not in cls.hidden_parts or cls.get_default_parts(parts).get('port') != port):
+            url += ':' + port
+        if path:
+            url += path
+        if query:
+            url += '?' + query
+        if fragment:
+            url += '#' + fragment
+        return url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minLength=cls.min_length, maxLength=cls.max_length, format='uri')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any, field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'AnyUrl':
+        if value.__class__ == cls:
+            return value
+        value = str_validator(value)
+        if cls.strip_whitespace:
+            value = value.strip()
+        url: str = cast(str, constr_length_validator(value, field, config))
+
+        m = cls._match_url(url)
+        # the regex should always match, if it doesn't please report with details of the URL tried
+        assert m, 'URL regex failed unexpectedly'
+
+        original_parts = cast('Parts', m.groupdict())
+        parts = cls.apply_default_parts(original_parts)
+        parts = cls.validate_parts(parts)
+
+        if m.end() != len(url):
+            raise errors.UrlExtraError(extra=url[m.end() :])
+
+        return cls._build_url(m, url, parts)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_url(cls, m: Match[str], url: str, parts: 'Parts') -> 'AnyUrl':
+        """
+        Validate hosts and build the AnyUrl object. Split from `validate` so this method
+        can be altered in `MultiHostDsn`.
+        """
+        host, tld, host_type, rebuild = cls.validate_host(parts)
+
+        return cls(
+            None if rebuild else url,
+            scheme=parts['scheme'],
+            user=parts['user'],
+            password=parts['password'],
+            host=host,
+            tld=tld,
+            host_type=host_type,
+            port=parts['port'],
+            path=parts['path'],
+            query=parts['query'],
+            fragment=parts['fragment'],
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _match_url(url: str) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
+        return url_regex().match(url)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_port(port: Optional[str]) -> None:
+        if port is not None and int(port) > 65_535:
+            raise errors.UrlPortError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts', validate_port: bool = True) -> 'Parts':
+        """
+        A method used to validate parts of a URL.
+        Could be overridden to set default values for parts if missing
+        """
+        scheme = parts['scheme']
+        if scheme is None:
+            raise errors.UrlSchemeError()
+
+        if cls.allowed_schemes and scheme.lower() not in cls.allowed_schemes:
+            raise errors.UrlSchemePermittedError(set(cls.allowed_schemes))
+
+        if validate_port:
+            cls._validate_port(parts['port'])
+
+        user = parts['user']
+        if cls.user_required and user is None:
+            raise errors.UrlUserInfoError()
+
+        return parts
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_host(cls, parts: 'Parts') -> Tuple[str, Optional[str], str, bool]:
+        tld, host_type, rebuild = None, None, False
+        for f in ('domain', 'ipv4', 'ipv6'):
+            host = parts[f]  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+            if host:
+                host_type = f
+                break
+
+        if host is None:
+            if cls.host_required:
+                raise errors.UrlHostError()
+        elif host_type == 'domain':
+            is_international = False
+            d = ascii_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
+            if d is None:
+                d = int_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
+                if d is None:
+                    raise errors.UrlHostError()
+                is_international = True
+
+            tld = d.group('tld')
+            if tld is None and not is_international:
+                d = int_domain_regex().fullmatch(host)
+                assert d is not None
+                tld = d.group('tld')
+                is_international = True
+
+            if tld is not None:
+                tld = tld[1:]
+            elif cls.tld_required:
+                raise errors.UrlHostTldError()
+
+            if is_international:
+                host_type = 'int_domain'
+                rebuild = True
+                host = host.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
+                if tld is not None:
+                    tld = tld.encode('idna').decode('ascii')
+
+        return host, tld, host_type, rebuild  # type: ignore
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def apply_default_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        for key, value in cls.get_default_parts(parts).items():
+            if not parts[key]:  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+                parts[key] = value  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+        return parts
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        extra = ', '.join(f'{n}={getattr(self, n)!r}' for n in self.__slots__ if getattr(self, n) is not None)
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()}, {extra})'
+
+
+class AnyHttpUrl(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'http', 'https'}
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class HttpUrl(AnyHttpUrl):
+    tld_required = True
+    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/417142/what-is-the-maximum-length-of-a-url-in-different-browsers
+    max_length = 2083
+    hidden_parts = {'port'}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {'port': '80' if parts['scheme'] == 'http' else '443'}
+
+
+class FileUrl(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'file'}
+    host_required = False
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class MultiHostDsn(AnyUrl):
+    __slots__ = AnyUrl.__slots__ + ('hosts',)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, hosts: Optional[List['HostParts']] = None, **kwargs: Any):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.hosts = hosts
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _match_url(url: str) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
+        return multi_host_url_regex().match(url)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_parts(cls, parts: 'Parts', validate_port: bool = True) -> 'Parts':
+        return super().validate_parts(parts, validate_port=False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_url(cls, m: Match[str], url: str, parts: 'Parts') -> 'MultiHostDsn':
+        hosts_parts: List['HostParts'] = []
+        host_re = host_regex()
+        for host in m.groupdict()['hosts'].split(','):
+            d: Parts = host_re.match(host).groupdict()  # type: ignore
+            host, tld, host_type, rebuild = cls.validate_host(d)
+            port = d.get('port')
+            cls._validate_port(port)
+            hosts_parts.append(
+                {
+                    'host': host,
+                    'host_type': host_type,
+                    'tld': tld,
+                    'rebuild': rebuild,
+                    'port': port,
+                }
+            )
+
+        if len(hosts_parts) > 1:
+            return cls(
+                None if any([hp['rebuild'] for hp in hosts_parts]) else url,
+                scheme=parts['scheme'],
+                user=parts['user'],
+                password=parts['password'],
+                path=parts['path'],
+                query=parts['query'],
+                fragment=parts['fragment'],
+                host_type=None,
+                hosts=hosts_parts,
+            )
+        else:
+            # backwards compatibility with single host
+            host_part = hosts_parts[0]
+            return cls(
+                None if host_part['rebuild'] else url,
+                scheme=parts['scheme'],
+                user=parts['user'],
+                password=parts['password'],
+                host=host_part['host'],
+                tld=host_part['tld'],
+                host_type=host_part['host_type'],
+                port=host_part.get('port'),
+                path=parts['path'],
+                query=parts['query'],
+                fragment=parts['fragment'],
+            )
+
+
+class PostgresDsn(MultiHostDsn):
+    allowed_schemes = {
+        'postgres',
+        'postgresql',
+        'postgresql+asyncpg',
+        'postgresql+pg8000',
+        'postgresql+psycopg',
+        'postgresql+psycopg2',
+        'postgresql+psycopg2cffi',
+        'postgresql+py-postgresql',
+        'postgresql+pygresql',
+    }
+    user_required = True
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class CockroachDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {
+        'cockroachdb',
+        'cockroachdb+psycopg2',
+        'cockroachdb+asyncpg',
+    }
+    user_required = True
+
+
+class AmqpDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'amqp', 'amqps'}
+    host_required = False
+
+
+class RedisDsn(AnyUrl):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    allowed_schemes = {'redis', 'rediss'}
+    host_required = False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {
+            'domain': 'localhost' if not (parts['ipv4'] or parts['ipv6']) else '',
+            'port': '6379',
+            'path': '/0',
+        }
+
+
+class MongoDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'mongodb'}
+
+    # TODO: Needed to generic "Parts" for "Replica Set", "Sharded Cluster", and other mongodb deployment modes
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {
+            'port': '27017',
+        }
+
+
+class KafkaDsn(AnyUrl):
+    allowed_schemes = {'kafka'}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_parts(parts: 'Parts') -> 'Parts':
+        return {
+            'domain': 'localhost',
+            'port': '9092',
+        }
+
+
+def stricturl(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool = True,
+    min_length: int = 1,
+    max_length: int = 2**16,
+    tld_required: bool = True,
+    host_required: bool = True,
+    allowed_schemes: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+) -> Type[AnyUrl]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        tld_required=tld_required,
+        host_required=host_required,
+        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
+    )
+    return type('UrlValue', (AnyUrl,), namespace)
+
+
+def import_email_validator() -> None:
+    global email_validator
+    try:
+        import email_validator
+    except ImportError as e:
+        raise ImportError('email-validator is not installed, run `pip install pydantic[email]`') from e
+
+
+class EmailStr(str):
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='email')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        # included here and below so the error happens straight away
+        import_email_validator()
+
+        yield str_validator
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Union[str]) -> str:
+        return validate_email(value)[1]
+
+
+class NameEmail(Representation):
+    __slots__ = 'name', 'email'
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, email: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.email = email
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, NameEmail) and (self.name, self.email) == (other.name, other.email)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='name-email')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        import_email_validator()
+
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'NameEmail':
+        if value.__class__ == cls:
+            return value
+        value = str_validator(value)
+        return cls(*validate_email(value))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.name} <{self.email}>'
+
+
+class IPvAnyAddress(_BaseAddress):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyaddress')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Union[str, bytes, int]) -> Union[IPv4Address, IPv6Address]:
+        try:
+            return IPv4Address(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return IPv6Address(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise errors.IPvAnyAddressError()
+
+
+class IPvAnyInterface(_BaseAddress):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanyinterface')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: NetworkType) -> Union[IPv4Interface, IPv6Interface]:
+        try:
+            return IPv4Interface(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return IPv6Interface(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise errors.IPvAnyInterfaceError()
+
+
+class IPvAnyNetwork(_BaseNetwork):  # type: ignore
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        field_schema.update(type='string', format='ipvanynetwork')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: NetworkType) -> Union[IPv4Network, IPv6Network]:
+        # Assume IP Network is defined with a default value for ``strict`` argument.
+        # Define your own class if you want to specify network address check strictness.
+        try:
+            return IPv4Network(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return IPv6Network(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise errors.IPvAnyNetworkError()
+
+
+pretty_email_regex = re.compile(r'([\w ]*?) *<(.*)> *')
+MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH = 2048
+"""Maximum length for an email.
+A somewhat arbitrary but very generous number compared to what is allowed by most implementations.
+"""
+
+
+def validate_email(value: Union[str]) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """
+    Email address validation using https://pypi.org/project/email-validator/
+    Notes:
+    * raw ip address (literal) domain parts are not allowed.
+    * "John Doe <local_part@domain.com>" style "pretty" email addresses are processed
+    * spaces are striped from the beginning and end of addresses but no error is raised
+    """
+    if email_validator is None:
+        import_email_validator()
+
+    if len(value) > MAX_EMAIL_LENGTH:
+        raise errors.EmailError()
+
+    m = pretty_email_regex.fullmatch(value)
+    name: Union[str, None] = None
+    if m:
+        name, value = m.groups()
+    email = value.strip()
+    try:
+        parts = email_validator.validate_email(email, check_deliverability=False)
+    except email_validator.EmailNotValidError as e:
+        raise errors.EmailError from e
+
+    if hasattr(parts, 'normalized'):
+        # email-validator >= 2
+        email = parts.normalized
+        assert email is not None
+        name = name or parts.local_part
+        return name, email
+    else:
+        # email-validator >1, <2
+        at_index = email.index('@')
+        local_part = email[:at_index]  # RFC 5321, local part must be case-sensitive.
+        global_part = email[at_index:].lower()
+
+        return name or local_part, local_part + global_part
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/parse.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..431d75a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import json
+import pickle
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Callable, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.types import StrBytes
+
+
+class Protocol(str, Enum):
+    json = 'json'
+    pickle = 'pickle'
+
+
+def load_str_bytes(
+    b: StrBytes,
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    if proto is None and content_type:
+        if content_type.endswith(('json', 'javascript')):
+            pass
+        elif allow_pickle and content_type.endswith('pickle'):
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f'Unknown content-type: {content_type}')
+
+    proto = proto or Protocol.json
+
+    if proto == Protocol.json:
+        if isinstance(b, bytes):
+            b = b.decode(encoding)
+        return json_loads(b)
+    elif proto == Protocol.pickle:
+        if not allow_pickle:
+            raise RuntimeError('Trying to decode with pickle with allow_pickle=False')
+        bb = b if isinstance(b, bytes) else b.encode()
+        return pickle.loads(bb)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'Unknown protocol: {proto}')
+
+
+def load_file(
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+) -> Any:
+    path = Path(path)
+    b = path.read_bytes()
+    if content_type is None:
+        if path.suffix in ('.js', '.json'):
+            proto = Protocol.json
+        elif path.suffix == '.pkl':
+            proto = Protocol.pickle
+
+    return load_str_bytes(
+        b, proto=proto, content_type=content_type, encoding=encoding, allow_pickle=allow_pickle, json_loads=json_loads
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/schema.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a91fe2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1163 @@
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import is_dataclass
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
+
+from pydantic.v1.fields import (
+    MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES,
+    SHAPE_DEQUE,
+    SHAPE_FROZENSET,
+    SHAPE_GENERIC,
+    SHAPE_ITERABLE,
+    SHAPE_LIST,
+    SHAPE_SEQUENCE,
+    SHAPE_SET,
+    SHAPE_SINGLETON,
+    SHAPE_TUPLE,
+    SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS,
+    FieldInfo,
+    ModelField,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.json import pydantic_encoder
+from pydantic.v1.networks import AnyUrl, EmailStr
+from pydantic.v1.types import (
+    ConstrainedDecimal,
+    ConstrainedFloat,
+    ConstrainedFrozenSet,
+    ConstrainedInt,
+    ConstrainedList,
+    ConstrainedSet,
+    ConstrainedStr,
+    SecretBytes,
+    SecretStr,
+    StrictBytes,
+    StrictStr,
+    conbytes,
+    condecimal,
+    confloat,
+    confrozenset,
+    conint,
+    conlist,
+    conset,
+    constr,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    all_literal_values,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    get_sub_types,
+    is_callable_type,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_namedtuple,
+    is_none_type,
+    is_union,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import ROOT_KEY, get_model, lenient_issubclass
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import Dataclass
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+default_prefix = '#/definitions/'
+default_ref_template = '#/definitions/{model}'
+
+TypeModelOrEnum = Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type[Enum]]
+TypeModelSet = Set[TypeModelOrEnum]
+
+
+def _apply_modify_schema(
+    modify_schema: Callable[..., None], field: Optional[ModelField], field_schema: Dict[str, Any]
+) -> None:
+    from inspect import signature
+
+    sig = signature(modify_schema)
+    args = set(sig.parameters.keys())
+    if 'field' in args or 'kwargs' in args:
+        modify_schema(field_schema, field=field)
+    else:
+        modify_schema(field_schema)
+
+
+def schema(
+    models: Sequence[Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type['Dataclass']]],
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    title: Optional[str] = None,
+    description: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Process a list of models and generate a single JSON Schema with all of them defined in the ``definitions``
+    top-level JSON key, including their sub-models.
+
+    :param models: a list of models to include in the generated JSON Schema
+    :param by_alias: generate the schemas using the aliases defined, if any
+    :param title: title for the generated schema that includes the definitions
+    :param description: description for the generated schema
+    :param ref_prefix: the JSON Pointer prefix for schema references with ``$ref``, if None, will be set to the
+      default of ``#/definitions/``. Update it if you want the schemas to reference the definitions somewhere
+      else, e.g. for OpenAPI use ``#/components/schemas/``. The resulting generated schemas will still be at the
+      top-level key ``definitions``, so you can extract them from there. But all the references will have the set
+      prefix.
+    :param ref_template: Use a ``string.format()`` template for ``$ref`` instead of a prefix. This can be useful
+      for references that cannot be represented by ``ref_prefix`` such as a definition stored in another file. For
+      a sibling json file in a ``/schemas`` directory use ``"/schemas/${model}.json#"``.
+    :return: dict with the JSON Schema with a ``definitions`` top-level key including the schema definitions for
+      the models and sub-models passed in ``models``.
+    """
+    clean_models = [get_model(model) for model in models]
+    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_models(clean_models)
+    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+    definitions = {}
+    output_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if title:
+        output_schema['title'] = title
+    if description:
+        output_schema['description'] = description
+    for model in clean_models:
+        m_schema, m_definitions, m_nested_models = model_process_schema(
+            model,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+        )
+        definitions.update(m_definitions)
+        model_name = model_name_map[model]
+        definitions[model_name] = m_schema
+    if definitions:
+        output_schema['definitions'] = definitions
+    return output_schema
+
+
+def model_schema(
+    model: Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type['Dataclass']],
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Generate a JSON Schema for one model. With all the sub-models defined in the ``definitions`` top-level
+    JSON key.
+
+    :param model: a Pydantic model (a class that inherits from BaseModel)
+    :param by_alias: generate the schemas using the aliases defined, if any
+    :param ref_prefix: the JSON Pointer prefix for schema references with ``$ref``, if None, will be set to the
+      default of ``#/definitions/``. Update it if you want the schemas to reference the definitions somewhere
+      else, e.g. for OpenAPI use ``#/components/schemas/``. The resulting generated schemas will still be at the
+      top-level key ``definitions``, so you can extract them from there. But all the references will have the set
+      prefix.
+    :param ref_template: Use a ``string.format()`` template for ``$ref`` instead of a prefix. This can be useful for
+      references that cannot be represented by ``ref_prefix`` such as a definition stored in another file. For a
+      sibling json file in a ``/schemas`` directory use ``"/schemas/${model}.json#"``.
+    :return: dict with the JSON Schema for the passed ``model``
+    """
+    model = get_model(model)
+    flat_models = get_flat_models_from_model(model)
+    model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models)
+    model_name = model_name_map[model]
+    m_schema, m_definitions, nested_models = model_process_schema(
+        model, by_alias=by_alias, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=ref_prefix, ref_template=ref_template
+    )
+    if model_name in nested_models:
+        # model_name is in Nested models, it has circular references
+        m_definitions[model_name] = m_schema
+        m_schema = get_schema_ref(model_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, False)
+    if m_definitions:
+        m_schema.update({'definitions': m_definitions})
+    return m_schema
+
+
+def get_field_info_schema(field: ModelField, schema_overrides: bool = False) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], bool]:
+    # If no title is explicitly set, we don't set title in the schema for enums.
+    # The behaviour is the same as `BaseModel` reference, where the default title
+    # is in the definitions part of the schema.
+    schema_: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if field.field_info.title or not lenient_issubclass(field.type_, Enum):
+        schema_['title'] = field.field_info.title or field.alias.title().replace('_', ' ')
+
+    if field.field_info.title:
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    if field.field_info.description:
+        schema_['description'] = field.field_info.description
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    if not field.required and field.default is not None and not is_callable_type(field.outer_type_):
+        schema_['default'] = encode_default(field.default)
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    return schema_, schema_overrides
+
+
+def field_schema(
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+    known_models: Optional[TypeModelSet] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    Process a Pydantic field and return a tuple with a JSON Schema for it as the first item.
+    Also return a dictionary of definitions with models as keys and their schemas as values. If the passed field
+    is a model and has sub-models, and those sub-models don't have overrides (as ``title``, ``default``, etc), they
+    will be included in the definitions and referenced in the schema instead of included recursively.
+
+    :param field: a Pydantic ``ModelField``
+    :param by_alias: use the defined alias (if any) in the returned schema
+    :param model_name_map: used to generate the JSON Schema references to other models included in the definitions
+    :param ref_prefix: the JSON Pointer prefix to use for references to other schemas, if None, the default of
+      #/definitions/ will be used
+    :param ref_template: Use a ``string.format()`` template for ``$ref`` instead of a prefix. This can be useful for
+      references that cannot be represented by ``ref_prefix`` such as a definition stored in another file. For a
+      sibling json file in a ``/schemas`` directory use ``"/schemas/${model}.json#"``.
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: tuple of the schema for this field and additional definitions
+    """
+    s, schema_overrides = get_field_info_schema(field)
+
+    validation_schema = get_field_schema_validations(field)
+    if validation_schema:
+        s.update(validation_schema)
+        schema_overrides = True
+
+    f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_type_schema(
+        field,
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+        ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+        ref_template=ref_template,
+        known_models=known_models or set(),
+    )
+
+    # $ref will only be returned when there are no schema_overrides
+    if '$ref' in f_schema:
+        return f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models
+    else:
+        s.update(f_schema)
+        return s, f_definitions, f_nested_models
+
+
+numeric_types = (int, float, Decimal)
+_str_types_attrs: Tuple[Tuple[str, Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]], str], ...] = (
+    ('max_length', numeric_types, 'maxLength'),
+    ('min_length', numeric_types, 'minLength'),
+    ('regex', str, 'pattern'),
+)
+
+_numeric_types_attrs: Tuple[Tuple[str, Union[type, Tuple[type, ...]], str], ...] = (
+    ('gt', numeric_types, 'exclusiveMinimum'),
+    ('lt', numeric_types, 'exclusiveMaximum'),
+    ('ge', numeric_types, 'minimum'),
+    ('le', numeric_types, 'maximum'),
+    ('multiple_of', numeric_types, 'multipleOf'),
+)
+
+
+def get_field_schema_validations(field: ModelField) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Get the JSON Schema validation keywords for a ``field`` with an annotation of
+    a Pydantic ``FieldInfo`` with validation arguments.
+    """
+    f_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, Enum):
+        # schema is already updated by `enum_process_schema`; just update with field extra
+        if field.field_info.extra:
+            f_schema.update(field.field_info.extra)
+        return f_schema
+
+    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, (str, bytes)):
+        for attr_name, t, keyword in _str_types_attrs:
+            attr = getattr(field.field_info, attr_name, None)
+            if isinstance(attr, t):
+                f_schema[keyword] = attr
+    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, numeric_types) and not issubclass(field.type_, bool):
+        for attr_name, t, keyword in _numeric_types_attrs:
+            attr = getattr(field.field_info, attr_name, None)
+            if isinstance(attr, t):
+                f_schema[keyword] = attr
+    if field.field_info is not None and field.field_info.const:
+        f_schema['const'] = field.default
+    if field.field_info.extra:
+        f_schema.update(field.field_info.extra)
+    modify_schema = getattr(field.outer_type_, '__modify_schema__', None)
+    if modify_schema:
+        _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, f_schema)
+    return f_schema
+
+
+def get_model_name_map(unique_models: TypeModelSet) -> Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str]:
+    """
+    Process a set of models and generate unique names for them to be used as keys in the JSON Schema
+    definitions. By default the names are the same as the class name. But if two models in different Python
+    modules have the same name (e.g. "users.Model" and "items.Model"), the generated names will be
+    based on the Python module path for those conflicting models to prevent name collisions.
+
+    :param unique_models: a Python set of models
+    :return: dict mapping models to names
+    """
+    name_model_map = {}
+    conflicting_names: Set[str] = set()
+    for model in unique_models:
+        model_name = normalize_name(model.__name__)
+        if model_name in conflicting_names:
+            model_name = get_long_model_name(model)
+            name_model_map[model_name] = model
+        elif model_name in name_model_map:
+            conflicting_names.add(model_name)
+            conflicting_model = name_model_map.pop(model_name)
+            name_model_map[get_long_model_name(conflicting_model)] = conflicting_model
+            name_model_map[get_long_model_name(model)] = model
+        else:
+            name_model_map[model_name] = model
+    return {v: k for k, v in name_model_map.items()}
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_model(model: Type['BaseModel'], known_models: Optional[TypeModelSet] = None) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a single ``model`` and generate a set with itself and all the sub-models in the tree. I.e. if you pass
+    model ``Foo`` (subclass of Pydantic ``BaseModel``) as ``model``, and it has a field of type ``Bar`` (also
+    subclass of ``BaseModel``) and that model ``Bar`` has a field of type ``Baz`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``),
+    the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+
+    :param model: a Pydantic ``BaseModel`` subclass
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: a set with the initial model and all its sub-models
+    """
+    known_models = known_models or set()
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+    flat_models.add(model)
+    known_models |= flat_models
+    fields = cast(Sequence[ModelField], model.__fields__.values())
+    flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_fields(fields, known_models=known_models)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_field(field: ModelField, known_models: TypeModelSet) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a single Pydantic ``ModelField`` (from a model) that could have been declared as a subclass of BaseModel
+    (so, it could be a submodel), and generate a set with its model and all the sub-models in the tree.
+    I.e. if you pass a field that was declared to be of type ``Foo`` (subclass of BaseModel) as ``field``, and that
+    model ``Foo`` has a field of type ``Bar`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``) and that model ``Bar`` has a field of
+    type ``Baz`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``), the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+
+    :param field: a Pydantic ``ModelField``
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: a set with the model used in the declaration for this field, if any, and all its sub-models
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+
+    field_type = field.type_
+    if lenient_issubclass(getattr(field_type, '__pydantic_model__', None), BaseModel):
+        field_type = field_type.__pydantic_model__
+
+    if field.sub_fields and not lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_fields(field.sub_fields, known_models=known_models)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel) and field_type not in known_models:
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_model(field_type, known_models=known_models)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, Enum):
+        flat_models.add(field_type)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_fields(fields: Sequence[ModelField], known_models: TypeModelSet) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a list of Pydantic  ``ModelField``s (from a model) that could have been declared as subclasses of ``BaseModel``
+    (so, any of them could be a submodel), and generate a set with their models and all the sub-models in the tree.
+    I.e. if you pass a the fields of a model ``Foo`` (subclass of ``BaseModel``) as ``fields``, and on of them has a
+    field of type ``Bar`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``) and that model ``Bar`` has a field of type ``Baz`` (also
+    subclass of ``BaseModel``), the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+
+    :param fields: a list of Pydantic ``ModelField``s
+    :param known_models: used to solve circular references
+    :return: a set with any model declared in the fields, and all their sub-models
+    """
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+    for field in fields:
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_field(field, known_models=known_models)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_flat_models_from_models(models: Sequence[Type['BaseModel']]) -> TypeModelSet:
+    """
+    Take a list of ``models`` and generate a set with them and all their sub-models in their trees. I.e. if you pass
+    a list of two models, ``Foo`` and ``Bar``, both subclasses of Pydantic ``BaseModel`` as models, and ``Bar`` has
+    a field of type ``Baz`` (also subclass of ``BaseModel``), the return value will be ``set([Foo, Bar, Baz])``.
+    """
+    flat_models: TypeModelSet = set()
+    for model in models:
+        flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_model(model)
+    return flat_models
+
+
+def get_long_model_name(model: TypeModelOrEnum) -> str:
+    return f'{model.__module__}__{model.__qualname__}'.replace('.', '__')
+
+
+def field_type_schema(
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    schema_overrides: bool = False,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    Used by ``field_schema()``, you probably should be using that function.
+
+    Take a single ``field`` and generate the schema for its type only, not including additional
+    information as title, etc. Also return additional schema definitions, from sub-models.
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel  # noqa: F811
+
+    definitions = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    f_schema: Dict[str, Any]
+    if field.shape in {
+        SHAPE_LIST,
+        SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS,
+        SHAPE_SEQUENCE,
+        SHAPE_SET,
+        SHAPE_FROZENSET,
+        SHAPE_ITERABLE,
+        SHAPE_DEQUE,
+    }:
+        items_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_singleton_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+        f_schema = {'type': 'array', 'items': items_schema}
+        if field.shape in {SHAPE_SET, SHAPE_FROZENSET}:
+            f_schema['uniqueItems'] = True
+
+    elif field.shape in MAPPING_LIKE_SHAPES:
+        f_schema = {'type': 'object'}
+        key_field = cast(ModelField, field.key_field)
+        regex = getattr(key_field.type_, 'regex', None)
+        items_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_singleton_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+        if regex:
+            # Dict keys have a regex pattern
+            # items_schema might be a schema or empty dict, add it either way
+            f_schema['patternProperties'] = {ConstrainedStr._get_pattern(regex): items_schema}
+        if items_schema:
+            # The dict values are not simply Any, so they need a schema
+            f_schema['additionalProperties'] = items_schema
+    elif field.shape == SHAPE_TUPLE or (field.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC and not issubclass(field.type_, BaseModel)):
+        sub_schema = []
+        sub_fields = cast(List[ModelField], field.sub_fields)
+        for sf in sub_fields:
+            sf_schema, sf_definitions, sf_nested_models = field_type_schema(
+                sf,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+            definitions.update(sf_definitions)
+            nested_models.update(sf_nested_models)
+            sub_schema.append(sf_schema)
+
+        sub_fields_len = len(sub_fields)
+        if field.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            all_of_schemas = sub_schema[0] if sub_fields_len == 1 else {'type': 'array', 'items': sub_schema}
+            f_schema = {'allOf': [all_of_schemas]}
+        else:
+            f_schema = {
+                'type': 'array',
+                'minItems': sub_fields_len,
+                'maxItems': sub_fields_len,
+            }
+            if sub_fields_len >= 1:
+                f_schema['items'] = sub_schema
+    else:
+        assert field.shape in {SHAPE_SINGLETON, SHAPE_GENERIC}, field.shape
+        f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_singleton_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+
+    # check field type to avoid repeated calls to the same __modify_schema__ method
+    if field.type_ != field.outer_type_:
+        if field.shape == SHAPE_GENERIC:
+            field_type = field.type_
+        else:
+            field_type = field.outer_type_
+        modify_schema = getattr(field_type, '__modify_schema__', None)
+        if modify_schema:
+            _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, f_schema)
+    return f_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+
+def model_process_schema(
+    model: TypeModelOrEnum,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    ref_template: str = default_ref_template,
+    known_models: Optional[TypeModelSet] = None,
+    field: Optional[ModelField] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    Used by ``model_schema()``, you probably should be using that function.
+
+    Take a single ``model`` and generate its schema. Also return additional schema definitions, from sub-models. The
+    sub-models of the returned schema will be referenced, but their definitions will not be included in the schema. All
+    the definitions are returned as the second value.
+    """
+    from inspect import getdoc, signature
+
+    known_models = known_models or set()
+    if lenient_issubclass(model, Enum):
+        model = cast(Type[Enum], model)
+        s = enum_process_schema(model, field=field)
+        return s, {}, set()
+    model = cast(Type['BaseModel'], model)
+    s = {'title': model.__config__.title or model.__name__}
+    doc = getdoc(model)
+    if doc:
+        s['description'] = doc
+    known_models.add(model)
+    m_schema, m_definitions, nested_models = model_type_schema(
+        model,
+        by_alias=by_alias,
+        model_name_map=model_name_map,
+        ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+        ref_template=ref_template,
+        known_models=known_models,
+    )
+    s.update(m_schema)
+    schema_extra = model.__config__.schema_extra
+    if callable(schema_extra):
+        if len(signature(schema_extra).parameters) == 1:
+            schema_extra(s)
+        else:
+            schema_extra(s, model)
+    else:
+        s.update(schema_extra)
+    return s, m_definitions, nested_models
+
+
+def model_type_schema(
+    model: Type['BaseModel'],
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    You probably should be using ``model_schema()``, this function is indirectly used by that function.
+
+    Take a single ``model`` and generate the schema for its type only, not including additional
+    information as title, etc. Also return additional schema definitions, from sub-models.
+    """
+    properties = {}
+    required = []
+    definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    for k, f in model.__fields__.items():
+        try:
+            f_schema, f_definitions, f_nested_models = field_schema(
+                f,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+        except SkipField as skip:
+            warnings.warn(skip.message, UserWarning)
+            continue
+        definitions.update(f_definitions)
+        nested_models.update(f_nested_models)
+        if by_alias:
+            properties[f.alias] = f_schema
+            if f.required:
+                required.append(f.alias)
+        else:
+            properties[k] = f_schema
+            if f.required:
+                required.append(k)
+    if ROOT_KEY in properties:
+        out_schema = properties[ROOT_KEY]
+        out_schema['title'] = model.__config__.title or model.__name__
+    else:
+        out_schema = {'type': 'object', 'properties': properties}
+        if required:
+            out_schema['required'] = required
+    if model.__config__.extra == 'forbid':
+        out_schema['additionalProperties'] = False
+    return out_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+
+def enum_process_schema(enum: Type[Enum], *, field: Optional[ModelField] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Take a single `enum` and generate its schema.
+
+    This is similar to the `model_process_schema` function, but applies to ``Enum`` objects.
+    """
+    import inspect
+
+    schema_: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        'title': enum.__name__,
+        # Python assigns all enums a default docstring value of 'An enumeration', so
+        # all enums will have a description field even if not explicitly provided.
+        'description': inspect.cleandoc(enum.__doc__ or 'An enumeration.'),
+        # Add enum values and the enum field type to the schema.
+        'enum': [item.value for item in cast(Iterable[Enum], enum)],
+    }
+
+    add_field_type_to_schema(enum, schema_)
+
+    modify_schema = getattr(enum, '__modify_schema__', None)
+    if modify_schema:
+        _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, schema_)
+
+    return schema_
+
+
+def field_singleton_sub_fields_schema(
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    schema_overrides: bool = False,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    This function is indirectly used by ``field_schema()``, you probably should be using that function.
+
+    Take a list of Pydantic ``ModelField`` from the declaration of a type with parameters, and generate their
+    schema. I.e., fields used as "type parameters", like ``str`` and ``int`` in ``Tuple[str, int]``.
+    """
+    sub_fields = cast(List[ModelField], field.sub_fields)
+    definitions = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    if len(sub_fields) == 1:
+        return field_type_schema(
+            sub_fields[0],
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+    else:
+        s: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        # https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#discriminator-object
+        field_has_discriminator: bool = field.discriminator_key is not None
+        if field_has_discriminator:
+            assert field.sub_fields_mapping is not None
+
+            discriminator_models_refs: Dict[str, Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = {}
+
+            for discriminator_value, sub_field in field.sub_fields_mapping.items():
+                if isinstance(discriminator_value, Enum):
+                    discriminator_value = str(discriminator_value.value)
+                # sub_field is either a `BaseModel` or directly an `Annotated` `Union` of many
+                if is_union(get_origin(sub_field.type_)):
+                    sub_models = get_sub_types(sub_field.type_)
+                    discriminator_models_refs[discriminator_value] = {
+                        model_name_map[sub_model]: get_schema_ref(
+                            model_name_map[sub_model], ref_prefix, ref_template, False
+                        )
+                        for sub_model in sub_models
+                    }
+                else:
+                    sub_field_type = sub_field.type_
+                    if hasattr(sub_field_type, '__pydantic_model__'):
+                        sub_field_type = sub_field_type.__pydantic_model__
+
+                    discriminator_model_name = model_name_map[sub_field_type]
+                    discriminator_model_ref = get_schema_ref(discriminator_model_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, False)
+                    discriminator_models_refs[discriminator_value] = discriminator_model_ref['$ref']
+
+            s['discriminator'] = {
+                'propertyName': field.discriminator_alias if by_alias else field.discriminator_key,
+                'mapping': discriminator_models_refs,
+            }
+
+        sub_field_schemas = []
+        for sf in sub_fields:
+            sub_schema, sub_definitions, sub_nested_models = field_type_schema(
+                sf,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+            definitions.update(sub_definitions)
+            if schema_overrides and 'allOf' in sub_schema:
+                # if the sub_field is a referenced schema we only need the referenced
+                # object. Otherwise we will end up with several allOf inside anyOf/oneOf.
+                # See https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/1209
+                sub_schema = sub_schema['allOf'][0]
+
+            if sub_schema.keys() == {'discriminator', 'oneOf'}:
+                # we don't want discriminator information inside oneOf choices, this is dealt with elsewhere
+                sub_schema.pop('discriminator')
+            sub_field_schemas.append(sub_schema)
+            nested_models.update(sub_nested_models)
+        s['oneOf' if field_has_discriminator else 'anyOf'] = sub_field_schemas
+        return s, definitions, nested_models
+
+
+# Order is important, e.g. subclasses of str must go before str
+# this is used only for standard library types, custom types should use __modify_schema__ instead
+field_class_to_schema: Tuple[Tuple[Any, Dict[str, Any]], ...] = (
+    (Path, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'path'}),
+    (datetime, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date-time'}),
+    (date, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'date'}),
+    (time, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'time'}),
+    (timedelta, {'type': 'number', 'format': 'time-delta'}),
+    (IPv4Network, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv4network'}),
+    (IPv6Network, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv6network'}),
+    (IPv4Interface, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv4interface'}),
+    (IPv6Interface, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv6interface'}),
+    (IPv4Address, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv4'}),
+    (IPv6Address, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'ipv6'}),
+    (Pattern, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'regex'}),
+    (str, {'type': 'string'}),
+    (bytes, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'binary'}),
+    (bool, {'type': 'boolean'}),
+    (int, {'type': 'integer'}),
+    (float, {'type': 'number'}),
+    (Decimal, {'type': 'number'}),
+    (UUID, {'type': 'string', 'format': 'uuid'}),
+    (dict, {'type': 'object'}),
+    (list, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}}),
+    (tuple, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}}),
+    (set, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}, 'uniqueItems': True}),
+    (frozenset, {'type': 'array', 'items': {}, 'uniqueItems': True}),
+)
+
+json_scheme = {'type': 'string', 'format': 'json-string'}
+
+
+def add_field_type_to_schema(field_type: Any, schema_: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """
+    Update the given `schema` with the type-specific metadata for the given `field_type`.
+
+    This function looks through `field_class_to_schema` for a class that matches the given `field_type`,
+    and then modifies the given `schema` with the information from that type.
+    """
+    for type_, t_schema in field_class_to_schema:
+        # Fallback for `typing.Pattern` and `re.Pattern` as they are not a valid class
+        if lenient_issubclass(field_type, type_) or field_type is type_ is Pattern:
+            schema_.update(t_schema)
+            break
+
+
+def get_schema_ref(name: str, ref_prefix: Optional[str], ref_template: str, schema_overrides: bool) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    if ref_prefix:
+        schema_ref = {'$ref': ref_prefix + name}
+    else:
+        schema_ref = {'$ref': ref_template.format(model=name)}
+    return {'allOf': [schema_ref]} if schema_overrides else schema_ref
+
+
+def field_singleton_schema(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    field: ModelField,
+    *,
+    by_alias: bool,
+    model_name_map: Dict[TypeModelOrEnum, str],
+    ref_template: str,
+    schema_overrides: bool = False,
+    ref_prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+    known_models: TypeModelSet,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Set[str]]:
+    """
+    This function is indirectly used by ``field_schema()``, you should probably be using that function.
+
+    Take a single Pydantic ``ModelField``, and return its schema and any additional definitions from sub-models.
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    definitions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    nested_models: Set[str] = set()
+    field_type = field.type_
+
+    # Recurse into this field if it contains sub_fields and is NOT a
+    # BaseModel OR that BaseModel is a const
+    if field.sub_fields and (
+        (field.field_info and field.field_info.const) or not lenient_issubclass(field_type, BaseModel)
+    ):
+        return field_singleton_sub_fields_schema(
+            field,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            schema_overrides=schema_overrides,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+        )
+    if field_type is Any or field_type is object or field_type.__class__ == TypeVar or get_origin(field_type) is type:
+        return {}, definitions, nested_models  # no restrictions
+    if is_none_type(field_type):
+        return {'type': 'null'}, definitions, nested_models
+    if is_callable_type(field_type):
+        raise SkipField(f'Callable {field.name} was excluded from schema since JSON schema has no equivalent type.')
+    f_schema: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    if field.field_info is not None and field.field_info.const:
+        f_schema['const'] = field.default
+
+    if is_literal_type(field_type):
+        values = tuple(x.value if isinstance(x, Enum) else x for x in all_literal_values(field_type))
+
+        if len({v.__class__ for v in values}) > 1:
+            return field_schema(
+                multitypes_literal_field_for_schema(values, field),
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+            )
+
+        # All values have the same type
+        field_type = values[0].__class__
+        f_schema['enum'] = list(values)
+        add_field_type_to_schema(field_type, f_schema)
+    elif lenient_issubclass(field_type, Enum):
+        enum_name = model_name_map[field_type]
+        f_schema, schema_overrides = get_field_info_schema(field, schema_overrides)
+        f_schema.update(get_schema_ref(enum_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, schema_overrides))
+        definitions[enum_name] = enum_process_schema(field_type, field=field)
+    elif is_namedtuple(field_type):
+        sub_schema, *_ = model_process_schema(
+            field_type.__pydantic_model__,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            model_name_map=model_name_map,
+            ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+            ref_template=ref_template,
+            known_models=known_models,
+            field=field,
+        )
+        items_schemas = list(sub_schema['properties'].values())
+        f_schema.update(
+            {
+                'type': 'array',
+                'items': items_schemas,
+                'minItems': len(items_schemas),
+                'maxItems': len(items_schemas),
+            }
+        )
+    elif not hasattr(field_type, '__pydantic_model__'):
+        add_field_type_to_schema(field_type, f_schema)
+
+        modify_schema = getattr(field_type, '__modify_schema__', None)
+        if modify_schema:
+            _apply_modify_schema(modify_schema, field, f_schema)
+
+    if f_schema:
+        return f_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+    # Handle dataclass-based models
+    if lenient_issubclass(getattr(field_type, '__pydantic_model__', None), BaseModel):
+        field_type = field_type.__pydantic_model__
+
+    if issubclass(field_type, BaseModel):
+        model_name = model_name_map[field_type]
+        if field_type not in known_models:
+            sub_schema, sub_definitions, sub_nested_models = model_process_schema(
+                field_type,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                model_name_map=model_name_map,
+                ref_prefix=ref_prefix,
+                ref_template=ref_template,
+                known_models=known_models,
+                field=field,
+            )
+            definitions.update(sub_definitions)
+            definitions[model_name] = sub_schema
+            nested_models.update(sub_nested_models)
+        else:
+            nested_models.add(model_name)
+        schema_ref = get_schema_ref(model_name, ref_prefix, ref_template, schema_overrides)
+        return schema_ref, definitions, nested_models
+
+    # For generics with no args
+    args = get_args(field_type)
+    if args is not None and not args and Generic in field_type.__bases__:
+        return f_schema, definitions, nested_models
+
+    raise ValueError(f'Value not declarable with JSON Schema, field: {field}')
+
+
+def multitypes_literal_field_for_schema(values: Tuple[Any, ...], field: ModelField) -> ModelField:
+    """
+    To support `Literal` with values of different types, we split it into multiple `Literal` with same type
+    e.g. `Literal['qwe', 'asd', 1, 2]` becomes `Union[Literal['qwe', 'asd'], Literal[1, 2]]`
+    """
+    literal_distinct_types = defaultdict(list)
+    for v in values:
+        literal_distinct_types[v.__class__].append(v)
+    distinct_literals = (Literal[tuple(same_type_values)] for same_type_values in literal_distinct_types.values())
+
+    return ModelField(
+        name=field.name,
+        type_=Union[tuple(distinct_literals)],  # type: ignore
+        class_validators=field.class_validators,
+        model_config=field.model_config,
+        default=field.default,
+        required=field.required,
+        alias=field.alias,
+        field_info=field.field_info,
+    )
+
+
+def encode_default(dft: Any) -> Any:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    if isinstance(dft, BaseModel) or is_dataclass(dft):
+        dft = cast('dict[str, Any]', pydantic_encoder(dft))
+
+    if isinstance(dft, dict):
+        return {encode_default(k): encode_default(v) for k, v in dft.items()}
+    elif isinstance(dft, Enum):
+        return dft.value
+    elif isinstance(dft, (int, float, str)):
+        return dft
+    elif isinstance(dft, (list, tuple)):
+        t = dft.__class__
+        seq_args = (encode_default(v) for v in dft)
+        return t(*seq_args) if is_namedtuple(t) else t(seq_args)
+    elif dft is None:
+        return None
+    else:
+        return pydantic_encoder(dft)
+
+
+_map_types_constraint: Dict[Any, Callable[..., type]] = {int: conint, float: confloat, Decimal: condecimal}
+
+
+def get_annotation_from_field_info(
+    annotation: Any, field_info: FieldInfo, field_name: str, validate_assignment: bool = False
+) -> Type[Any]:
+    """
+    Get an annotation with validation implemented for numbers and strings based on the field_info.
+    :param annotation: an annotation from a field specification, as ``str``, ``ConstrainedStr``
+    :param field_info: an instance of FieldInfo, possibly with declarations for validations and JSON Schema
+    :param field_name: name of the field for use in error messages
+    :param validate_assignment: default False, flag for BaseModel Config value of validate_assignment
+    :return: the same ``annotation`` if unmodified or a new annotation with validation in place
+    """
+    constraints = field_info.get_constraints()
+    used_constraints: Set[str] = set()
+    if constraints:
+        annotation, used_constraints = get_annotation_with_constraints(annotation, field_info)
+    if validate_assignment:
+        used_constraints.add('allow_mutation')
+
+    unused_constraints = constraints - used_constraints
+    if unused_constraints:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f'On field "{field_name}" the following field constraints are set but not enforced: '
+            f'{", ".join(unused_constraints)}. '
+            f'\nFor more details see https://docs.pydantic.dev/usage/schema/#unenforced-field-constraints'
+        )
+
+    return annotation
+
+
+def get_annotation_with_constraints(annotation: Any, field_info: FieldInfo) -> Tuple[Type[Any], Set[str]]:  # noqa: C901
+    """
+    Get an annotation with used constraints implemented for numbers and strings based on the field_info.
+
+    :param annotation: an annotation from a field specification, as ``str``, ``ConstrainedStr``
+    :param field_info: an instance of FieldInfo, possibly with declarations for validations and JSON Schema
+    :return: the same ``annotation`` if unmodified or a new annotation along with the used constraints.
+    """
+    used_constraints: Set[str] = set()
+
+    def go(type_: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+        if (
+            is_literal_type(type_)
+            or isinstance(type_, ForwardRef)
+            or lenient_issubclass(type_, (ConstrainedList, ConstrainedSet, ConstrainedFrozenSet))
+        ):
+            return type_
+        origin = get_origin(type_)
+        if origin is not None:
+            args: Tuple[Any, ...] = get_args(type_)
+            if any(isinstance(a, ForwardRef) for a in args):
+                # forward refs cause infinite recursion below
+                return type_
+
+            if origin is Annotated:
+                return go(args[0])
+            if is_union(origin):
+                return Union[tuple(go(a) for a in args)]  # type: ignore
+
+            if issubclass(origin, List) and (
+                field_info.min_items is not None
+                or field_info.max_items is not None
+                or field_info.unique_items is not None
+            ):
+                used_constraints.update({'min_items', 'max_items', 'unique_items'})
+                return conlist(
+                    go(args[0]),
+                    min_items=field_info.min_items,
+                    max_items=field_info.max_items,
+                    unique_items=field_info.unique_items,
+                )
+
+            if issubclass(origin, Set) and (field_info.min_items is not None or field_info.max_items is not None):
+                used_constraints.update({'min_items', 'max_items'})
+                return conset(go(args[0]), min_items=field_info.min_items, max_items=field_info.max_items)
+
+            if issubclass(origin, FrozenSet) and (field_info.min_items is not None or field_info.max_items is not None):
+                used_constraints.update({'min_items', 'max_items'})
+                return confrozenset(go(args[0]), min_items=field_info.min_items, max_items=field_info.max_items)
+
+            for t in (Tuple, List, Set, FrozenSet, Sequence):
+                if issubclass(origin, t):  # type: ignore
+                    return t[tuple(go(a) for a in args)]  # type: ignore
+
+            if issubclass(origin, Dict):
+                return Dict[args[0], go(args[1])]  # type: ignore
+
+        attrs: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None
+        constraint_func: Optional[Callable[..., type]] = None
+        if isinstance(type_, type):
+            if issubclass(type_, (SecretStr, SecretBytes)):
+                attrs = ('max_length', 'min_length')
+
+                def constraint_func(**kw: Any) -> Type[Any]:  # noqa: F811
+                    return type(type_.__name__, (type_,), kw)
+
+            elif issubclass(type_, str) and not issubclass(type_, (EmailStr, AnyUrl)):
+                attrs = ('max_length', 'min_length', 'regex')
+                if issubclass(type_, StrictStr):
+
+                    def constraint_func(**kw: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+                        return type(type_.__name__, (type_,), kw)
+
+                else:
+                    constraint_func = constr
+            elif issubclass(type_, bytes):
+                attrs = ('max_length', 'min_length', 'regex')
+                if issubclass(type_, StrictBytes):
+
+                    def constraint_func(**kw: Any) -> Type[Any]:
+                        return type(type_.__name__, (type_,), kw)
+
+                else:
+                    constraint_func = conbytes
+            elif issubclass(type_, numeric_types) and not issubclass(
+                type_,
+                (
+                    ConstrainedInt,
+                    ConstrainedFloat,
+                    ConstrainedDecimal,
+                    ConstrainedList,
+                    ConstrainedSet,
+                    ConstrainedFrozenSet,
+                    bool,
+                ),
+            ):
+                # Is numeric type
+                attrs = ('gt', 'lt', 'ge', 'le', 'multiple_of')
+                if issubclass(type_, float):
+                    attrs += ('allow_inf_nan',)
+                if issubclass(type_, Decimal):
+                    attrs += ('max_digits', 'decimal_places')
+                numeric_type = next(t for t in numeric_types if issubclass(type_, t))  # pragma: no branch
+                constraint_func = _map_types_constraint[numeric_type]
+
+        if attrs:
+            used_constraints.update(set(attrs))
+            kwargs = {
+                attr_name: attr
+                for attr_name, attr in ((attr_name, getattr(field_info, attr_name)) for attr_name in attrs)
+                if attr is not None
+            }
+            if kwargs:
+                constraint_func = cast(Callable[..., type], constraint_func)
+                return constraint_func(**kwargs)
+        return type_
+
+    return go(annotation), used_constraints
+
+
+def normalize_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Normalizes the given name. This can be applied to either a model *or* enum.
+    """
+    return re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9.\-_]', '_', name)
+
+
+class SkipField(Exception):
+    """
+    Utility exception used to exclude fields from schema.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self.message = message
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/tools.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6838a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import json
+from functools import lru_cache
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+from pydantic.v1.parse import Protocol, load_file, load_str_bytes
+from pydantic.v1.types import StrBytes
+from pydantic.v1.typing import display_as_type
+
+__all__ = ('parse_file_as', 'parse_obj_as', 'parse_raw_as', 'schema_of', 'schema_json_of')
+
+NameFactory = Union[str, Callable[[Type[Any]], str]]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import DictStrAny
+
+
+def _generate_parsing_type_name(type_: Any) -> str:
+    return f'ParsingModel[{display_as_type(type_)}]'
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=2048)
+def _get_parsing_type(type_: Any, *, type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None) -> Any:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import create_model
+
+    if type_name is None:
+        type_name = _generate_parsing_type_name
+    if not isinstance(type_name, str):
+        type_name = type_name(type_)
+    return create_model(type_name, __root__=(type_, ...))
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def parse_obj_as(type_: Type[T], obj: Any, *, type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None) -> T:
+    model_type = _get_parsing_type(type_, type_name=type_name)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    return model_type(__root__=obj).__root__
+
+
+def parse_file_as(
+    type_: Type[T],
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+    type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None,
+) -> T:
+    obj = load_file(
+        path,
+        proto=proto,
+        content_type=content_type,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+        json_loads=json_loads,
+    )
+    return parse_obj_as(type_, obj, type_name=type_name)
+
+
+def parse_raw_as(
+    type_: Type[T],
+    b: StrBytes,
+    *,
+    content_type: str = None,
+    encoding: str = 'utf8',
+    proto: Protocol = None,
+    allow_pickle: bool = False,
+    json_loads: Callable[[str], Any] = json.loads,
+    type_name: Optional[NameFactory] = None,
+) -> T:
+    obj = load_str_bytes(
+        b,
+        proto=proto,
+        content_type=content_type,
+        encoding=encoding,
+        allow_pickle=allow_pickle,
+        json_loads=json_loads,
+    )
+    return parse_obj_as(type_, obj, type_name=type_name)
+
+
+def schema_of(type_: Any, *, title: Optional[NameFactory] = None, **schema_kwargs: Any) -> 'DictStrAny':
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as dict) for the passed model or dynamically generated one"""
+    return _get_parsing_type(type_, type_name=title).schema(**schema_kwargs)
+
+
+def schema_json_of(type_: Any, *, title: Optional[NameFactory] = None, **schema_json_kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    """Generate a JSON schema (as JSON) for the passed model or dynamically generated one"""
+    return _get_parsing_type(type_, type_name=title).schema_json(**schema_json_kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1840d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1205 @@
+import abc
+import math
+import re
+import warnings
+from datetime import date
+from decimal import Decimal, InvalidOperation
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import new_class
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    FrozenSet,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+from weakref import WeakSet
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+from pydantic.v1.datetime_parse import parse_date
+from pydantic.v1.utils import import_string, update_not_none
+from pydantic.v1.validators import (
+    bytes_validator,
+    constr_length_validator,
+    constr_lower,
+    constr_strip_whitespace,
+    constr_upper,
+    decimal_validator,
+    float_finite_validator,
+    float_validator,
+    frozenset_validator,
+    int_validator,
+    list_validator,
+    number_multiple_validator,
+    number_size_validator,
+    path_exists_validator,
+    path_validator,
+    set_validator,
+    str_validator,
+    strict_bytes_validator,
+    strict_float_validator,
+    strict_int_validator,
+    strict_str_validator,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'NoneStr',
+    'NoneBytes',
+    'StrBytes',
+    'NoneStrBytes',
+    'StrictStr',
+    'ConstrainedBytes',
+    'conbytes',
+    'ConstrainedList',
+    'conlist',
+    'ConstrainedSet',
+    'conset',
+    'ConstrainedFrozenSet',
+    'confrozenset',
+    'ConstrainedStr',
+    'constr',
+    'PyObject',
+    'ConstrainedInt',
+    'conint',
+    'PositiveInt',
+    'NegativeInt',
+    'NonNegativeInt',
+    'NonPositiveInt',
+    'ConstrainedFloat',
+    'confloat',
+    'PositiveFloat',
+    'NegativeFloat',
+    'NonNegativeFloat',
+    'NonPositiveFloat',
+    'FiniteFloat',
+    'ConstrainedDecimal',
+    'condecimal',
+    'UUID1',
+    'UUID3',
+    'UUID4',
+    'UUID5',
+    'FilePath',
+    'DirectoryPath',
+    'Json',
+    'JsonWrapper',
+    'SecretField',
+    'SecretStr',
+    'SecretBytes',
+    'StrictBool',
+    'StrictBytes',
+    'StrictInt',
+    'StrictFloat',
+    'PaymentCardNumber',
+    'ByteSize',
+    'PastDate',
+    'FutureDate',
+    'ConstrainedDate',
+    'condate',
+]
+
+NoneStr = Optional[str]
+NoneBytes = Optional[bytes]
+StrBytes = Union[str, bytes]
+NoneStrBytes = Optional[StrBytes]
+OptionalInt = Optional[int]
+OptionalIntFloat = Union[OptionalInt, float]
+OptionalIntFloatDecimal = Union[OptionalIntFloat, Decimal]
+OptionalDate = Optional[date]
+StrIntFloat = Union[str, int, float]
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import Dataclass
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import CallableGenerator
+
+    ModelOrDc = Type[Union[BaseModel, Dataclass]]
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+_DEFINED_TYPES: 'WeakSet[type]' = WeakSet()
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: Type[T]) -> Type[T]:
+    pass
+
+
+@overload
+def _registered(typ: 'ConstrainedNumberMeta') -> 'ConstrainedNumberMeta':
+    pass
+
+
+def _registered(typ: Union[Type[T], 'ConstrainedNumberMeta']) -> Union[Type[T], 'ConstrainedNumberMeta']:
+    # In order to generate valid examples of constrained types, Hypothesis needs
+    # to inspect the type object - so we keep a weakref to each contype object
+    # until it can be registered.  When (or if) our Hypothesis plugin is loaded,
+    # it monkeypatches this function.
+    # If Hypothesis is never used, the total effect is to keep a weak reference
+    # which has minimal memory usage and doesn't even affect garbage collection.
+    _DEFINED_TYPES.add(typ)
+    return typ
+
+
+class ConstrainedNumberMeta(type):
+    def __new__(cls, name: str, bases: Any, dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'ConstrainedInt':  # type: ignore
+        new_cls = cast('ConstrainedInt', type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dct))
+
+        if new_cls.gt is not None and new_cls.ge is not None:
+            raise errors.ConfigError('bounds gt and ge cannot be specified at the same time')
+        if new_cls.lt is not None and new_cls.le is not None:
+            raise errors.ConfigError('bounds lt and le cannot be specified at the same time')
+
+        return _registered(new_cls)  # type: ignore
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BOOLEAN TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    StrictBool = bool
+else:
+
+    class StrictBool(int):
+        """
+        StrictBool to allow for bools which are not type-coerced.
+        """
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(type='boolean')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Any) -> bool:
+            """
+            Ensure that we only allow bools.
+            """
+            if isinstance(value, bool):
+                return value
+
+            raise errors.StrictBoolError()
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ INTEGER TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedInt(int, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    strict: bool = False
+    gt: OptionalInt = None
+    ge: OptionalInt = None
+    lt: OptionalInt = None
+    le: OptionalInt = None
+    multiple_of: OptionalInt = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt,
+            exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt,
+            minimum=cls.ge,
+            maximum=cls.le,
+            multipleOf=cls.multiple_of,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_int_validator if cls.strict else int_validator
+        yield number_size_validator
+        yield number_multiple_validator
+
+
+def conint(
+    *,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    gt: Optional[int] = None,
+    ge: Optional[int] = None,
+    lt: Optional[int] = None,
+    le: Optional[int] = None,
+    multiple_of: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> Type[int]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(strict=strict, gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le, multiple_of=multiple_of)
+    return type('ConstrainedIntValue', (ConstrainedInt,), namespace)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PositiveInt = int
+    NegativeInt = int
+    NonPositiveInt = int
+    NonNegativeInt = int
+    StrictInt = int
+else:
+
+    class PositiveInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        gt = 0
+
+    class NegativeInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        lt = 0
+
+    class NonPositiveInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        le = 0
+
+    class NonNegativeInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        ge = 0
+
+    class StrictInt(ConstrainedInt):
+        strict = True
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FLOAT TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedFloat(float, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    strict: bool = False
+    gt: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    ge: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    lt: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    le: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    multiple_of: OptionalIntFloat = None
+    allow_inf_nan: Optional[bool] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt,
+            exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt,
+            minimum=cls.ge,
+            maximum=cls.le,
+            multipleOf=cls.multiple_of,
+        )
+        # Modify constraints to account for differences between IEEE floats and JSON
+        if field_schema.get('exclusiveMinimum') == -math.inf:
+            del field_schema['exclusiveMinimum']
+        if field_schema.get('minimum') == -math.inf:
+            del field_schema['minimum']
+        if field_schema.get('exclusiveMaximum') == math.inf:
+            del field_schema['exclusiveMaximum']
+        if field_schema.get('maximum') == math.inf:
+            del field_schema['maximum']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_float_validator if cls.strict else float_validator
+        yield number_size_validator
+        yield number_multiple_validator
+        yield float_finite_validator
+
+
+def confloat(
+    *,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    gt: float = None,
+    ge: float = None,
+    lt: float = None,
+    le: float = None,
+    multiple_of: float = None,
+    allow_inf_nan: Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> Type[float]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(strict=strict, gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le, multiple_of=multiple_of, allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan)
+    return type('ConstrainedFloatValue', (ConstrainedFloat,), namespace)
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PositiveFloat = float
+    NegativeFloat = float
+    NonPositiveFloat = float
+    NonNegativeFloat = float
+    StrictFloat = float
+    FiniteFloat = float
+else:
+
+    class PositiveFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        gt = 0
+
+    class NegativeFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        lt = 0
+
+    class NonPositiveFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        le = 0
+
+    class NonNegativeFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        ge = 0
+
+    class StrictFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        strict = True
+
+    class FiniteFloat(ConstrainedFloat):
+        allow_inf_nan = False
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTES TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedBytes(bytes):
+    strip_whitespace = False
+    to_upper = False
+    to_lower = False
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+    strict: bool = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minLength=cls.min_length, maxLength=cls.max_length)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_bytes_validator if cls.strict else bytes_validator
+        yield constr_strip_whitespace
+        yield constr_upper
+        yield constr_lower
+        yield constr_length_validator
+
+
+def conbytes(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool = False,
+    to_upper: bool = False,
+    to_lower: bool = False,
+    min_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    strict: bool = False,
+) -> Type[bytes]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        to_upper=to_upper,
+        to_lower=to_lower,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        strict=strict,
+    )
+    return _registered(type('ConstrainedBytesValue', (ConstrainedBytes,), namespace))
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    StrictBytes = bytes
+else:
+
+    class StrictBytes(ConstrainedBytes):
+        strict = True
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STRING TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedStr(str):
+    strip_whitespace = False
+    to_upper = False
+    to_lower = False
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+    curtail_length: OptionalInt = None
+    regex: Optional[Union[str, Pattern[str]]] = None
+    strict = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            minLength=cls.min_length,
+            maxLength=cls.max_length,
+            pattern=cls.regex and cls._get_pattern(cls.regex),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield strict_str_validator if cls.strict else str_validator
+        yield constr_strip_whitespace
+        yield constr_upper
+        yield constr_lower
+        yield constr_length_validator
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Union[str]) -> Union[str]:
+        if cls.curtail_length and len(value) > cls.curtail_length:
+            value = value[: cls.curtail_length]
+
+        if cls.regex:
+            if not re.match(cls.regex, value):
+                raise errors.StrRegexError(pattern=cls._get_pattern(cls.regex))
+
+        return value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_pattern(regex: Union[str, Pattern[str]]) -> str:
+        return regex if isinstance(regex, str) else regex.pattern
+
+
+def constr(
+    *,
+    strip_whitespace: bool = False,
+    to_upper: bool = False,
+    to_lower: bool = False,
+    strict: bool = False,
+    min_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    curtail_length: Optional[int] = None,
+    regex: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Type[str]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        to_upper=to_upper,
+        to_lower=to_lower,
+        strict=strict,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        curtail_length=curtail_length,
+        regex=regex and re.compile(regex),
+    )
+    return _registered(type('ConstrainedStrValue', (ConstrainedStr,), namespace))
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    StrictStr = str
+else:
+
+    class StrictStr(ConstrainedStr):
+        strict = True
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SET TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+# This types superclass should be Set[T], but cython chokes on that...
+class ConstrainedSet(set):  # type: ignore
+    # Needed for pydantic to detect that this is a set
+    __origin__ = set
+    __args__: Set[Type[T]]  # type: ignore
+
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None
+    item_type: Type[T]  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.set_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minItems=cls.min_items, maxItems=cls.max_items)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def set_length_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[Set[T]]') -> 'Optional[Set[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        v = set_validator(v)
+        v_len = len(v)
+
+        if cls.min_items is not None and v_len < cls.min_items:
+            raise errors.SetMinLengthError(limit_value=cls.min_items)
+
+        if cls.max_items is not None and v_len > cls.max_items:
+            raise errors.SetMaxLengthError(limit_value=cls.max_items)
+
+        return v
+
+
+def conset(item_type: Type[T], *, min_items: Optional[int] = None, max_items: Optional[int] = None) -> Type[Set[T]]:
+    # __args__ is needed to conform to typing generics api
+    namespace = {'min_items': min_items, 'max_items': max_items, 'item_type': item_type, '__args__': [item_type]}
+    # We use new_class to be able to deal with Generic types
+    return new_class('ConstrainedSetValue', (ConstrainedSet,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(namespace))
+
+
+# This types superclass should be FrozenSet[T], but cython chokes on that...
+class ConstrainedFrozenSet(frozenset):  # type: ignore
+    # Needed for pydantic to detect that this is a set
+    __origin__ = frozenset
+    __args__: FrozenSet[Type[T]]  # type: ignore
+
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None
+    item_type: Type[T]  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.frozenset_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minItems=cls.min_items, maxItems=cls.max_items)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def frozenset_length_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[FrozenSet[T]]') -> 'Optional[FrozenSet[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        v = frozenset_validator(v)
+        v_len = len(v)
+
+        if cls.min_items is not None and v_len < cls.min_items:
+            raise errors.FrozenSetMinLengthError(limit_value=cls.min_items)
+
+        if cls.max_items is not None and v_len > cls.max_items:
+            raise errors.FrozenSetMaxLengthError(limit_value=cls.max_items)
+
+        return v
+
+
+def confrozenset(
+    item_type: Type[T], *, min_items: Optional[int] = None, max_items: Optional[int] = None
+) -> Type[FrozenSet[T]]:
+    # __args__ is needed to conform to typing generics api
+    namespace = {'min_items': min_items, 'max_items': max_items, 'item_type': item_type, '__args__': [item_type]}
+    # We use new_class to be able to deal with Generic types
+    return new_class('ConstrainedFrozenSetValue', (ConstrainedFrozenSet,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(namespace))
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ LIST TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+# This types superclass should be List[T], but cython chokes on that...
+class ConstrainedList(list):  # type: ignore
+    # Needed for pydantic to detect that this is a list
+    __origin__ = list
+    __args__: Tuple[Type[T], ...]  # type: ignore
+
+    min_items: Optional[int] = None
+    max_items: Optional[int] = None
+    unique_items: Optional[bool] = None
+    item_type: Type[T]  # type: ignore
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.list_length_validator
+        if cls.unique_items:
+            yield cls.unique_items_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, minItems=cls.min_items, maxItems=cls.max_items, uniqueItems=cls.unique_items)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_length_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[List[T]]') -> 'Optional[List[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        v = list_validator(v)
+        v_len = len(v)
+
+        if cls.min_items is not None and v_len < cls.min_items:
+            raise errors.ListMinLengthError(limit_value=cls.min_items)
+
+        if cls.max_items is not None and v_len > cls.max_items:
+            raise errors.ListMaxLengthError(limit_value=cls.max_items)
+
+        return v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def unique_items_validator(cls, v: 'Optional[List[T]]') -> 'Optional[List[T]]':
+        if v is None:
+            return None
+
+        for i, value in enumerate(v, start=1):
+            if value in v[i:]:
+                raise errors.ListUniqueItemsError()
+
+        return v
+
+
+def conlist(
+    item_type: Type[T], *, min_items: Optional[int] = None, max_items: Optional[int] = None, unique_items: bool = None
+) -> Type[List[T]]:
+    # __args__ is needed to conform to typing generics api
+    namespace = dict(
+        min_items=min_items, max_items=max_items, unique_items=unique_items, item_type=item_type, __args__=(item_type,)
+    )
+    # We use new_class to be able to deal with Generic types
+    return new_class('ConstrainedListValue', (ConstrainedList,), {}, lambda ns: ns.update(namespace))
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PYOBJECT TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PyObject = Callable[..., Any]
+else:
+
+    class PyObject:
+        validate_always = True
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+            if isinstance(value, Callable):
+                return value
+
+            try:
+                value = str_validator(value)
+            except errors.StrError:
+                raise errors.PyObjectError(error_message='value is neither a valid import path not a valid callable')
+
+            try:
+                return import_string(value)
+            except ImportError as e:
+                raise errors.PyObjectError(error_message=str(e))
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DECIMAL TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class ConstrainedDecimal(Decimal, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    gt: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    ge: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    lt: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    le: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+    max_digits: OptionalInt = None
+    decimal_places: OptionalInt = None
+    multiple_of: OptionalIntFloatDecimal = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt,
+            exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt,
+            minimum=cls.ge,
+            maximum=cls.le,
+            multipleOf=cls.multiple_of,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield decimal_validator
+        yield number_size_validator
+        yield number_multiple_validator
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Decimal) -> Decimal:
+        try:
+            normalized_value = value.normalize()
+        except InvalidOperation:
+            normalized_value = value
+        digit_tuple, exponent = normalized_value.as_tuple()[1:]
+        if exponent in {'F', 'n', 'N'}:
+            raise errors.DecimalIsNotFiniteError()
+
+        if exponent >= 0:
+            # A positive exponent adds that many trailing zeros.
+            digits = len(digit_tuple) + exponent
+            decimals = 0
+        else:
+            # If the absolute value of the negative exponent is larger than the
+            # number of digits, then it's the same as the number of digits,
+            # because it'll consume all of the digits in digit_tuple and then
+            # add abs(exponent) - len(digit_tuple) leading zeros after the
+            # decimal point.
+            if abs(exponent) > len(digit_tuple):
+                digits = decimals = abs(exponent)
+            else:
+                digits = len(digit_tuple)
+                decimals = abs(exponent)
+        whole_digits = digits - decimals
+
+        if cls.max_digits is not None and digits > cls.max_digits:
+            raise errors.DecimalMaxDigitsError(max_digits=cls.max_digits)
+
+        if cls.decimal_places is not None and decimals > cls.decimal_places:
+            raise errors.DecimalMaxPlacesError(decimal_places=cls.decimal_places)
+
+        if cls.max_digits is not None and cls.decimal_places is not None:
+            expected = cls.max_digits - cls.decimal_places
+            if whole_digits > expected:
+                raise errors.DecimalWholeDigitsError(whole_digits=expected)
+
+        return value
+
+
+def condecimal(
+    *,
+    gt: Decimal = None,
+    ge: Decimal = None,
+    lt: Decimal = None,
+    le: Decimal = None,
+    max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
+    decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
+    multiple_of: Decimal = None,
+) -> Type[Decimal]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(
+        gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le, max_digits=max_digits, decimal_places=decimal_places, multiple_of=multiple_of
+    )
+    return type('ConstrainedDecimalValue', (ConstrainedDecimal,), namespace)
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UUID TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    UUID1 = UUID
+    UUID3 = UUID
+    UUID4 = UUID
+    UUID5 = UUID
+else:
+
+    class UUID1(UUID):
+        _required_version = 1
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format=f'uuid{cls._required_version}')
+
+    class UUID3(UUID1):
+        _required_version = 3
+
+    class UUID4(UUID1):
+        _required_version = 4
+
+    class UUID5(UUID1):
+        _required_version = 5
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PATH TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    FilePath = Path
+    DirectoryPath = Path
+else:
+
+    class FilePath(Path):
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(format='file-path')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield path_validator
+            yield path_exists_validator
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Path) -> Path:
+            if not value.is_file():
+                raise errors.PathNotAFileError(path=value)
+
+            return value
+
+    class DirectoryPath(Path):
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(format='directory-path')
+
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield path_validator
+            yield path_exists_validator
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: Path) -> Path:
+            if not value.is_dir():
+                raise errors.PathNotADirectoryError(path=value)
+
+            return value
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ JSON TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class JsonWrapper:
+    pass
+
+
+class JsonMeta(type):
+    def __getitem__(self, t: Type[Any]) -> Type[JsonWrapper]:
+        if t is Any:
+            return Json  # allow Json[Any] to replicate plain Json
+        return _registered(type('JsonWrapperValue', (JsonWrapper,), {'inner_type': t}))
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    Json = Annotated[T, ...]  # Json[list[str]] will be recognized by type checkers as list[str]
+
+else:
+
+    class Json(metaclass=JsonMeta):
+        @classmethod
+        def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+            field_schema.update(type='string', format='json-string')
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SECRET TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class SecretField(abc.ABC):
+    """
+    Note: this should be implemented as a generic like `SecretField(ABC, Generic[T])`,
+          the `__init__()` should be part of the abstract class and the
+          `get_secret_value()` method should use the generic `T` type.
+
+          However Cython doesn't support very well generics at the moment and
+          the generated code fails to be imported (see
+          https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/2753).
+    """
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.get_secret_value() == other.get_secret_value()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return '**********' if self.get_secret_value() else ''
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.get_secret_value())
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+class SecretStr(SecretField):
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            type='string',
+            writeOnly=True,
+            format='password',
+            minLength=cls.min_length,
+            maxLength=cls.max_length,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+        yield constr_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'SecretStr':
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        value = str_validator(value)
+        return cls(value)
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str):
+        self._secret_value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"SecretStr('{self}')"
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def display(self) -> str:
+        warnings.warn('`secret_str.display()` is deprecated, use `str(secret_str)` instead', DeprecationWarning)
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> str:
+        return self._secret_value
+
+
+class SecretBytes(SecretField):
+    min_length: OptionalInt = None
+    max_length: OptionalInt = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(
+            field_schema,
+            type='string',
+            writeOnly=True,
+            format='password',
+            minLength=cls.min_length,
+            maxLength=cls.max_length,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+        yield constr_length_validator
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, value: Any) -> 'SecretBytes':
+        if isinstance(value, cls):
+            return value
+        value = bytes_validator(value)
+        return cls(value)
+
+    def __init__(self, value: bytes):
+        self._secret_value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"SecretBytes(b'{self}')"
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._secret_value)
+
+    def display(self) -> str:
+        warnings.warn('`secret_bytes.display()` is deprecated, use `str(secret_bytes)` instead', DeprecationWarning)
+        return str(self)
+
+    def get_secret_value(self) -> bytes:
+        return self._secret_value
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PAYMENT CARD TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+
+class PaymentCardBrand(str, Enum):
+    # If you add another card type, please also add it to the
+    # Hypothesis strategy in `pydantic._hypothesis_plugin`.
+    amex = 'American Express'
+    mastercard = 'Mastercard'
+    visa = 'Visa'
+    other = 'other'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.value
+
+
+class PaymentCardNumber(str):
+    """
+    Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number
+    """
+
+    strip_whitespace: ClassVar[bool] = True
+    min_length: ClassVar[int] = 12
+    max_length: ClassVar[int] = 19
+    bin: str
+    last4: str
+    brand: PaymentCardBrand
+
+    def __init__(self, card_number: str):
+        self.bin = card_number[:6]
+        self.last4 = card_number[-4:]
+        self.brand = self._get_brand(card_number)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield str_validator
+        yield constr_strip_whitespace
+        yield constr_length_validator
+        yield cls.validate_digits
+        yield cls.validate_luhn_check_digit
+        yield cls
+        yield cls.validate_length_for_brand
+
+    @property
+    def masked(self) -> str:
+        num_masked = len(self) - 10  # len(bin) + len(last4) == 10
+        return f'{self.bin}{"*" * num_masked}{self.last4}'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_digits(cls, card_number: str) -> str:
+        if not card_number.isdigit():
+            raise errors.NotDigitError
+        return card_number
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_luhn_check_digit(cls, card_number: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Based on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm
+        """
+        sum_ = int(card_number[-1])
+        length = len(card_number)
+        parity = length % 2
+        for i in range(length - 1):
+            digit = int(card_number[i])
+            if i % 2 == parity:
+                digit *= 2
+            if digit > 9:
+                digit -= 9
+            sum_ += digit
+        valid = sum_ % 10 == 0
+        if not valid:
+            raise errors.LuhnValidationError
+        return card_number
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_length_for_brand(cls, card_number: 'PaymentCardNumber') -> 'PaymentCardNumber':
+        """
+        Validate length based on BIN for major brands:
+        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_card_number#Issuer_identification_number_(IIN)
+        """
+        required_length: Union[None, int, str] = None
+        if card_number.brand in PaymentCardBrand.mastercard:
+            required_length = 16
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        elif card_number.brand == PaymentCardBrand.visa:
+            required_length = '13, 16 or 19'
+            valid = len(card_number) in {13, 16, 19}
+        elif card_number.brand == PaymentCardBrand.amex:
+            required_length = 15
+            valid = len(card_number) == required_length
+        else:
+            valid = True
+        if not valid:
+            raise errors.InvalidLengthForBrand(brand=card_number.brand, required_length=required_length)
+        return card_number
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_brand(card_number: str) -> PaymentCardBrand:
+        if card_number[0] == '4':
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.visa
+        elif 51 <= int(card_number[:2]) <= 55:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.mastercard
+        elif card_number[:2] in {'34', '37'}:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.amex
+        else:
+            brand = PaymentCardBrand.other
+        return brand
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BYTE SIZE TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+BYTE_SIZES = {
+    'b': 1,
+    'kb': 10**3,
+    'mb': 10**6,
+    'gb': 10**9,
+    'tb': 10**12,
+    'pb': 10**15,
+    'eb': 10**18,
+    'kib': 2**10,
+    'mib': 2**20,
+    'gib': 2**30,
+    'tib': 2**40,
+    'pib': 2**50,
+    'eib': 2**60,
+}
+BYTE_SIZES.update({k.lower()[0]: v for k, v in BYTE_SIZES.items() if 'i' not in k})
+byte_string_re = re.compile(r'^\s*(\d*\.?\d+)\s*(\w+)?', re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+class ByteSize(int):
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield cls.validate
+
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, v: StrIntFloat) -> 'ByteSize':
+        try:
+            return cls(int(v))
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
+        str_match = byte_string_re.match(str(v))
+        if str_match is None:
+            raise errors.InvalidByteSize()
+
+        scalar, unit = str_match.groups()
+        if unit is None:
+            unit = 'b'
+
+        try:
+            unit_mult = BYTE_SIZES[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise errors.InvalidByteSizeUnit(unit=unit)
+
+        return cls(int(float(scalar) * unit_mult))
+
+    def human_readable(self, decimal: bool = False) -> str:
+        if decimal:
+            divisor = 1000
+            units = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB']
+            final_unit = 'EB'
+        else:
+            divisor = 1024
+            units = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB']
+            final_unit = 'EiB'
+
+        num = float(self)
+        for unit in units:
+            if abs(num) < divisor:
+                return f'{num:0.1f}{unit}'
+            num /= divisor
+
+        return f'{num:0.1f}{final_unit}'
+
+    def to(self, unit: str) -> float:
+        try:
+            unit_div = BYTE_SIZES[unit.lower()]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise errors.InvalidByteSizeUnit(unit=unit)
+
+        return self / unit_div
+
+
+# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DATE TYPES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    PastDate = date
+    FutureDate = date
+else:
+
+    class PastDate(date):
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield parse_date
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: date) -> date:
+            if value >= date.today():
+                raise errors.DateNotInThePastError()
+
+            return value
+
+    class FutureDate(date):
+        @classmethod
+        def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+            yield parse_date
+            yield cls.validate
+
+        @classmethod
+        def validate(cls, value: date) -> date:
+            if value <= date.today():
+                raise errors.DateNotInTheFutureError()
+
+            return value
+
+
+class ConstrainedDate(date, metaclass=ConstrainedNumberMeta):
+    gt: OptionalDate = None
+    ge: OptionalDate = None
+    lt: OptionalDate = None
+    le: OptionalDate = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        update_not_none(field_schema, exclusiveMinimum=cls.gt, exclusiveMaximum=cls.lt, minimum=cls.ge, maximum=cls.le)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls) -> 'CallableGenerator':
+        yield parse_date
+        yield number_size_validator
+
+
+def condate(
+    *,
+    gt: date = None,
+    ge: date = None,
+    lt: date = None,
+    le: date = None,
+) -> Type[date]:
+    # use kwargs then define conf in a dict to aid with IDE type hinting
+    namespace = dict(gt=gt, ge=ge, lt=lt, le=le)
+    return type('ConstrainedDateValue', (ConstrainedDate,), namespace)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/typing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c5979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+import functools
+import operator
+import sys
+import typing
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import (  # type: ignore
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
+    Any,
+    Callable as TypingCallable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    _eval_type,
+    cast,
+    get_type_hints,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import (
+    Annotated,
+    Final,
+    Literal,
+    NotRequired as TypedDictNotRequired,
+    Required as TypedDictRequired,
+)
+
+try:
+    from typing import _TypingBase as typing_base  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    from typing import _Final as typing_base  # type: ignore
+
+try:
+    from typing import GenericAlias as TypingGenericAlias  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    # python < 3.9 does not have GenericAlias (list[int], tuple[str, ...] and so on)
+    TypingGenericAlias = ()
+
+try:
+    from types import UnionType as TypesUnionType  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    # python < 3.10 does not have UnionType (str | int, byte | bool and so on)
+    TypesUnionType = ()
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        return type_._evaluate(globalns, localns)
+
+elif sys.version_info < (3, 12, 4):
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        # Even though it is the right signature for python 3.9, mypy complains with
+        # `error: Too many arguments for "_evaluate" of "ForwardRef"` hence the cast...
+        # Python 3.13/3.12.4+ made `recursive_guard` a kwarg, so name it explicitly to avoid:
+        # TypeError: ForwardRef._evaluate() missing 1 required keyword-only argument: 'recursive_guard'
+        return cast(Any, type_)._evaluate(globalns, localns, recursive_guard=set())
+
+elif sys.version_info < (3, 14):
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        # Pydantic 1.x will not support PEP 695 syntax, but provide `type_params` to avoid
+        # warnings:
+        return cast(Any, type_)._evaluate(globalns, localns, type_params=(), recursive_guard=set())
+
+else:
+
+    def evaluate_forwardref(type_: ForwardRef, globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> Any:
+        # Pydantic 1.x will not support PEP 695 syntax, but provide `type_params` to avoid
+        # warnings:
+        return typing.evaluate_forward_ref(
+            type_,
+            globals=globalns,
+            locals=localns,
+            type_params=(),
+            _recursive_guard=set(),
+        )
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+    # Ensure we always get all the whole `Annotated` hint, not just the annotated type.
+    # For 3.7 to 3.8, `get_type_hints` doesn't recognize `typing_extensions.Annotated`,
+    # so it already returns the full annotation
+    get_all_type_hints = get_type_hints
+
+else:
+
+    def get_all_type_hints(obj: Any, globalns: Any = None, localns: Any = None) -> Any:
+        return get_type_hints(obj, globalns, localns, include_extras=True)
+
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
+AnyCallable = TypingCallable[..., Any]
+NoArgAnyCallable = TypingCallable[[], Any]
+
+# workaround for https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/9496
+AnyArgTCallable = TypingCallable[..., _T]
+
+
+# Annotated[...] is implemented by returning an instance of one of these classes, depending on
+# python/typing_extensions version.
+AnnotatedTypeNames = {'AnnotatedMeta', '_AnnotatedAlias'}
+
+
+LITERAL_TYPES: Set[Any] = {Literal}
+if hasattr(typing, 'Literal'):
+    LITERAL_TYPES.add(typing.Literal)
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+
+    def get_origin(t: Type[Any]) -> Optional[Type[Any]]:
+        if type(t).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            # weirdly this is a runtime requirement, as well as for mypy
+            return cast(Type[Any], Annotated)
+        return getattr(t, '__origin__', None)
+
+else:
+    from typing import get_origin as _typing_get_origin
+
+    def get_origin(tp: Type[Any]) -> Optional[Type[Any]]:
+        """
+        We can't directly use `typing.get_origin` since we need a fallback to support
+        custom generic classes like `ConstrainedList`
+        It should be useless once https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3537 is
+        solved and https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/1753 is merged.
+        """
+        if type(tp).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            return cast(Type[Any], Annotated)  # mypy complains about _SpecialForm
+        return _typing_get_origin(tp) or getattr(tp, '__origin__', None)
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing import _GenericAlias
+
+    def get_args(t: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """Compatibility version of get_args for python 3.7.
+
+        Mostly compatible with the python 3.8 `typing` module version
+        and able to handle almost all use cases.
+        """
+        if type(t).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            return t.__args__ + t.__metadata__
+        if isinstance(t, _GenericAlias):
+            res = t.__args__
+            if t.__origin__ is Callable and res and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return getattr(t, '__args__', ())
+
+else:
+    from typing import get_args as _typing_get_args
+
+    def _generic_get_args(tp: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """
+        In python 3.9, `typing.Dict`, `typing.List`, ...
+        do have an empty `__args__` by default (instead of the generic ~T for example).
+        In order to still support `Dict` for example and consider it as `Dict[Any, Any]`,
+        we retrieve the `_nparams` value that tells us how many parameters it needs.
+        """
+        if hasattr(tp, '_nparams'):
+            return (Any,) * tp._nparams
+        # Special case for `tuple[()]`, which used to return ((),) with `typing.Tuple`
+        # in python 3.10- but now returns () for `tuple` and `Tuple`.
+        # This will probably be clarified in pydantic v2
+        try:
+            if tp == Tuple[()] or sys.version_info >= (3, 9) and tp == tuple[()]:  # type: ignore[misc]
+                return ((),)
+        # there is a TypeError when compiled with cython
+        except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass
+        return ()
+
+    def get_args(tp: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if type(tp).__name__ in AnnotatedTypeNames:
+            return tp.__args__ + tp.__metadata__
+        # the fallback is needed for the same reasons as `get_origin` (see above)
+        return _typing_get_args(tp) or getattr(tp, '__args__', ()) or _generic_get_args(tp)
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+
+    def convert_generics(tp: Type[Any]) -> Type[Any]:
+        """Python 3.9 and older only supports generics from `typing` module.
+        They convert strings to ForwardRef automatically.
+
+        Examples::
+            typing.List['Hero'] == typing.List[ForwardRef('Hero')]
+        """
+        return tp
+
+else:
+
+    def convert_generics(tp: Type[Any]) -> Type[Any]:
+        """
+        Recursively searches for `str` type hints and replaces them with ForwardRef.
+
+        Examples::
+            convert_generics(list['Hero']) == list[ForwardRef('Hero')]
+            convert_generics(dict['Hero', 'Team']) == dict[ForwardRef('Hero'), ForwardRef('Team')]
+            convert_generics(typing.Dict['Hero', 'Team']) == typing.Dict[ForwardRef('Hero'), ForwardRef('Team')]
+            convert_generics(list[str | 'Hero'] | int) == list[str | ForwardRef('Hero')] | int
+        """
+        origin = get_origin(tp)
+        if not origin or not hasattr(tp, '__args__'):
+            return tp
+
+        args = get_args(tp)
+
+        # typing.Annotated needs special treatment
+        if origin is Annotated:
+            return Annotated[(convert_generics(args[0]), *args[1:])]  # type: ignore
+
+        # recursively replace `str` instances inside of `GenericAlias` with `ForwardRef(arg)`
+        converted = tuple(
+            ForwardRef(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) and isinstance(tp, TypingGenericAlias) else convert_generics(arg)
+            for arg in args
+        )
+
+        if converted == args:
+            return tp
+        elif isinstance(tp, TypingGenericAlias):
+            return TypingGenericAlias(origin, converted)
+        elif isinstance(tp, TypesUnionType):
+            # recreate types.UnionType (PEP604, Python >= 3.10)
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, converted)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            try:
+                setattr(tp, '__args__', converted)
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            return tp
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+
+    def is_union(tp: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+        return tp is Union
+
+    WithArgsTypes = (TypingGenericAlias,)
+
+else:
+    import types
+    import typing
+
+    def is_union(tp: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+        return tp is Union or tp is types.UnionType  # noqa: E721
+
+    WithArgsTypes = (typing._GenericAlias, types.GenericAlias, types.UnionType)
+
+
+StrPath = Union[str, PathLike]
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+
+    TupleGenerator = Generator[Tuple[str, Any], None, None]
+    DictStrAny = Dict[str, Any]
+    DictAny = Dict[Any, Any]
+    SetStr = Set[str]
+    ListStr = List[str]
+    IntStr = Union[int, str]
+    AbstractSetIntStr = AbstractSet[IntStr]
+    DictIntStrAny = Dict[IntStr, Any]
+    MappingIntStrAny = Mapping[IntStr, Any]
+    CallableGenerator = Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]
+    ReprArgs = Sequence[Tuple[Optional[str], Any]]
+
+    MYPY = False
+    if MYPY:
+        AnyClassMethod = classmethod[Any]
+    else:
+        # classmethod[TargetType, CallableParamSpecType, CallableReturnType]
+        AnyClassMethod = classmethod[Any, Any, Any]
+
+__all__ = (
+    'AnyCallable',
+    'NoArgAnyCallable',
+    'NoneType',
+    'is_none_type',
+    'display_as_type',
+    'resolve_annotations',
+    'is_callable_type',
+    'is_literal_type',
+    'all_literal_values',
+    'is_namedtuple',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'is_typeddict_special',
+    'is_new_type',
+    'new_type_supertype',
+    'is_classvar',
+    'is_finalvar',
+    'update_field_forward_refs',
+    'update_model_forward_refs',
+    'TupleGenerator',
+    'DictStrAny',
+    'DictAny',
+    'SetStr',
+    'ListStr',
+    'IntStr',
+    'AbstractSetIntStr',
+    'DictIntStrAny',
+    'CallableGenerator',
+    'ReprArgs',
+    'AnyClassMethod',
+    'CallableGenerator',
+    'WithArgsTypes',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_sub_types',
+    'typing_base',
+    'get_all_type_hints',
+    'is_union',
+    'StrPath',
+    'MappingIntStrAny',
+)
+
+
+NoneType = None.__class__
+
+
+NONE_TYPES: Tuple[Any, Any, Any] = (None, NoneType, Literal[None])
+
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    # Even though this implementation is slower, we need it for python 3.7:
+    # In python 3.7 "Literal" is not a builtin type and uses a different
+    # mechanism.
+    # for this reason `Literal[None] is Literal[None]` evaluates to `False`,
+    # breaking the faster implementation used for the other python versions.
+
+    def is_none_type(type_: Any) -> bool:
+        return type_ in NONE_TYPES
+
+elif sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 8):
+
+    def is_none_type(type_: Any) -> bool:
+        for none_type in NONE_TYPES:
+            if type_ is none_type:
+                return True
+        # With python 3.8, specifically 3.8.10, Literal "is" check sare very flakey
+        # can change on very subtle changes like use of types in other modules,
+        # hopefully this check avoids that issue.
+        if is_literal_type(type_):  # pragma: no cover
+            return all_literal_values(type_) == (None,)
+        return False
+
+else:
+
+    def is_none_type(type_: Any) -> bool:
+        return type_ in NONE_TYPES
+
+
+def display_as_type(v: Type[Any]) -> str:
+    if not isinstance(v, typing_base) and not isinstance(v, WithArgsTypes) and not isinstance(v, type):
+        v = v.__class__
+
+    if is_union(get_origin(v)):
+        return f'Union[{", ".join(map(display_as_type, get_args(v)))}]'
+
+    if isinstance(v, WithArgsTypes):
+        # Generic alias are constructs like `list[int]`
+        return str(v).replace('typing.', '')
+
+    try:
+        return v.__name__
+    except AttributeError:
+        # happens with typing objects
+        return str(v).replace('typing.', '')
+
+
+def resolve_annotations(raw_annotations: Dict[str, Type[Any]], module_name: Optional[str]) -> Dict[str, Type[Any]]:
+    """
+    Partially taken from typing.get_type_hints.
+
+    Resolve string or ForwardRef annotations into type objects if possible.
+    """
+    base_globals: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    if module_name:
+        try:
+            module = sys.modules[module_name]
+        except KeyError:
+            # happens occasionally, see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/2363
+            pass
+        else:
+            base_globals = module.__dict__
+
+    annotations = {}
+    for name, value in raw_annotations.items():
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            if (3, 10) > sys.version_info >= (3, 9, 8) or sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+                value = ForwardRef(value, is_argument=False, is_class=True)
+            else:
+                value = ForwardRef(value, is_argument=False)
+        try:
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+                value = _eval_type(value, base_globals, None, type_params=())
+            else:
+                value = _eval_type(value, base_globals, None)
+        except NameError:
+            # this is ok, it can be fixed with update_forward_refs
+            pass
+        annotations[name] = value
+    return annotations
+
+
+def is_callable_type(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    return type_ is Callable or get_origin(type_) is Callable
+
+
+def is_literal_type(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    return Literal is not None and get_origin(type_) in LITERAL_TYPES
+
+
+def literal_values(type_: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+    return get_args(type_)
+
+
+def all_literal_values(type_: Type[Any]) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+    """
+    This method is used to retrieve all Literal values as
+    Literal can be used recursively (see https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0586)
+    e.g. `Literal[Literal[Literal[1, 2, 3], "foo"], 5, None]`
+    """
+    if not is_literal_type(type_):
+        return (type_,)
+
+    values = literal_values(type_)
+    return tuple(x for value in values for x in all_literal_values(value))
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a given class is a named tuple.
+    It can be either a `typing.NamedTuple` or `collections.namedtuple`
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.utils import lenient_issubclass
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(type_, tuple) and hasattr(type_, '_fields')
+
+
+def is_typeddict(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a given class is a typed dict (from `typing` or `typing_extensions`)
+    In 3.10, there will be a public method (https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/typing.html#typing.is_typeddict)
+    """
+    from pydantic.v1.utils import lenient_issubclass
+
+    return lenient_issubclass(type_, dict) and hasattr(type_, '__total__')
+
+
+def _check_typeddict_special(type_: Any) -> bool:
+    return type_ is TypedDictRequired or type_ is TypedDictNotRequired
+
+
+def is_typeddict_special(type_: Any) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if type is a TypedDict special form (Required or NotRequired).
+    """
+    return _check_typeddict_special(type_) or _check_typeddict_special(get_origin(type_))
+
+
+test_type = NewType('test_type', str)
+
+
+def is_new_type(type_: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check whether type_ was created using typing.NewType
+    """
+    return isinstance(type_, test_type.__class__) and hasattr(type_, '__supertype__')  # type: ignore
+
+
+def new_type_supertype(type_: Type[Any]) -> Type[Any]:
+    while hasattr(type_, '__supertype__'):
+        type_ = type_.__supertype__
+    return type_
+
+
+def _check_classvar(v: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+    if v is None:
+        return False
+
+    return v.__class__ == ClassVar.__class__ and getattr(v, '_name', None) == 'ClassVar'
+
+
+def _check_finalvar(v: Optional[Type[Any]]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a given type is a `typing.Final` type.
+    """
+    if v is None:
+        return False
+
+    return v.__class__ == Final.__class__ and (sys.version_info < (3, 8) or getattr(v, '_name', None) == 'Final')
+
+
+def is_classvar(ann_type: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    if _check_classvar(ann_type) or _check_classvar(get_origin(ann_type)):
+        return True
+
+    # this is an ugly workaround for class vars that contain forward references and are therefore themselves
+    # forward references, see #3679
+    if ann_type.__class__ == ForwardRef and ann_type.__forward_arg__.startswith('ClassVar['):
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def is_finalvar(ann_type: Type[Any]) -> bool:
+    return _check_finalvar(ann_type) or _check_finalvar(get_origin(ann_type))
+
+
+def update_field_forward_refs(field: 'ModelField', globalns: Any, localns: Any) -> None:
+    """
+    Try to update ForwardRefs on fields based on this ModelField, globalns and localns.
+    """
+    prepare = False
+    if field.type_.__class__ == ForwardRef:
+        prepare = True
+        field.type_ = evaluate_forwardref(field.type_, globalns, localns or None)
+    if field.outer_type_.__class__ == ForwardRef:
+        prepare = True
+        field.outer_type_ = evaluate_forwardref(field.outer_type_, globalns, localns or None)
+    if prepare:
+        field.prepare()
+
+    if field.sub_fields:
+        for sub_f in field.sub_fields:
+            update_field_forward_refs(sub_f, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+
+    if field.discriminator_key is not None:
+        field.prepare_discriminated_union_sub_fields()
+
+
+def update_model_forward_refs(
+    model: Type[Any],
+    fields: Iterable['ModelField'],
+    json_encoders: Dict[Union[Type[Any], str, ForwardRef], AnyCallable],
+    localns: 'DictStrAny',
+    exc_to_suppress: Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...] = (),
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Try to update model fields ForwardRefs based on model and localns.
+    """
+    if model.__module__ in sys.modules:
+        globalns = sys.modules[model.__module__].__dict__.copy()
+    else:
+        globalns = {}
+
+    globalns.setdefault(model.__name__, model)
+
+    for f in fields:
+        try:
+            update_field_forward_refs(f, globalns=globalns, localns=localns)
+        except exc_to_suppress:
+            pass
+
+    for key in set(json_encoders.keys()):
+        if isinstance(key, str):
+            fr: ForwardRef = ForwardRef(key)
+        elif isinstance(key, ForwardRef):
+            fr = key
+        else:
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            new_key = evaluate_forwardref(fr, globalns, localns or None)
+        except exc_to_suppress:  # pragma: no cover
+            continue
+
+        json_encoders[new_key] = json_encoders.pop(key)
+
+
+def get_class(type_: Type[Any]) -> Union[None, bool, Type[Any]]:
+    """
+    Tries to get the class of a Type[T] annotation. Returns True if Type is used
+    without brackets. Otherwise returns None.
+    """
+    if type_ is type:
+        return True
+
+    if get_origin(type_) is None:
+        return None
+
+    args = get_args(type_)
+    if not args or not isinstance(args[0], type):
+        return True
+    else:
+        return args[0]
+
+
+def get_sub_types(tp: Any) -> List[Any]:
+    """
+    Return all the types that are allowed by type `tp`
+    `tp` can be a `Union` of allowed types or an `Annotated` type
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(tp)
+    if origin is Annotated:
+        return get_sub_types(get_args(tp)[0])
+    elif is_union(origin):
+        return [x for t in get_args(tp) for x in get_sub_types(t)]
+    else:
+        return [tp]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2094e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,807 @@
+import keyword
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict, deque
+from copy import deepcopy
+from itertools import islice, zip_longest
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType, CodeType, FunctionType, GeneratorType, LambdaType, ModuleType
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    AbstractSet,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Collection,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    NoReturn,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+from pydantic.v1.errors import ConfigError
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    NoneType,
+    WithArgsTypes,
+    all_literal_values,
+    display_as_type,
+    get_args,
+    get_origin,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_union,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.version import version_info
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from inspect import Signature
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import Dataclass
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+    from pydantic.v1.typing import AbstractSetIntStr, DictIntStrAny, IntStr, MappingIntStrAny, ReprArgs
+
+    RichReprResult = Iterable[Union[Any, Tuple[Any], Tuple[str, Any], Tuple[str, Any, Any]]]
+
+__all__ = (
+    'import_string',
+    'sequence_like',
+    'validate_field_name',
+    'lenient_isinstance',
+    'lenient_issubclass',
+    'in_ipython',
+    'is_valid_identifier',
+    'deep_update',
+    'update_not_none',
+    'almost_equal_floats',
+    'get_model',
+    'to_camel',
+    'to_lower_camel',
+    'is_valid_field',
+    'smart_deepcopy',
+    'PyObjectStr',
+    'Representation',
+    'GetterDict',
+    'ValueItems',
+    'version_info',  # required here to match behaviour in v1.3
+    'ClassAttribute',
+    'path_type',
+    'ROOT_KEY',
+    'get_unique_discriminator_alias',
+    'get_discriminator_alias_and_values',
+    'DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES',
+)
+
+ROOT_KEY = '__root__'
+# these are types that are returned unchanged by deepcopy
+IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES: Set[Type[Any]] = {
+    int,
+    float,
+    complex,
+    str,
+    bool,
+    bytes,
+    type,
+    NoneType,
+    FunctionType,
+    BuiltinFunctionType,
+    LambdaType,
+    weakref.ref,
+    CodeType,
+    # note: including ModuleType will differ from behaviour of deepcopy by not producing error.
+    # It might be not a good idea in general, but considering that this function used only internally
+    # against default values of fields, this will allow to actually have a field with module as default value
+    ModuleType,
+    NotImplemented.__class__,
+    Ellipsis.__class__,
+}
+
+# these are types that if empty, might be copied with simple copy() instead of deepcopy()
+BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS: Set[Type[Any]] = {
+    list,
+    set,
+    tuple,
+    frozenset,
+    dict,
+    OrderedDict,
+    defaultdict,
+    deque,
+}
+
+
+def import_string(dotted_path: str) -> Any:
+    """
+    Stolen approximately from django. Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
+    last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import fails.
+    """
+    from importlib import import_module
+
+    try:
+        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.strip(' ').rsplit('.', 1)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'"{dotted_path}" doesn\'t look like a module path') from e
+
+    module = import_module(module_path)
+    try:
+        return getattr(module, class_name)
+    except AttributeError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'Module "{module_path}" does not define a "{class_name}" attribute') from e
+
+
+def truncate(v: Union[str], *, max_len: int = 80) -> str:
+    """
+    Truncate a value and add a unicode ellipsis (three dots) to the end if it was too long
+    """
+    warnings.warn('`truncate` is no-longer used by pydantic and is deprecated', DeprecationWarning)
+    if isinstance(v, str) and len(v) > (max_len - 2):
+        # -3 so quote + string + … + quote has correct length
+        return (v[: (max_len - 3)] + '…').__repr__()
+    try:
+        v = v.__repr__()
+    except TypeError:
+        v = v.__class__.__repr__(v)  # in case v is a type
+    if len(v) > max_len:
+        v = v[: max_len - 1] + '…'
+    return v
+
+
+def sequence_like(v: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(v, (list, tuple, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, deque))
+
+
+def validate_field_name(bases: Iterable[Type[Any]], field_name: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure that the field's name does not shadow an existing attribute of the model.
+    """
+    for base in bases:
+        if getattr(base, field_name, None):
+            raise NameError(
+                f'Field name "{field_name}" shadows a BaseModel attribute; '
+                f'use a different field name with "alias=\'{field_name}\'".'
+            )
+
+
+def lenient_isinstance(o: Any, class_or_tuple: Union[Type[Any], Tuple[Type[Any], ...], None]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(o, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+
+
+def lenient_issubclass(cls: Any, class_or_tuple: Union[Type[Any], Tuple[Type[Any], ...], None]) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except TypeError:
+        if isinstance(cls, WithArgsTypes):
+            return False
+        raise  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def in_ipython() -> bool:
+    """
+    Check whether we're in an ipython environment, including jupyter notebooks.
+    """
+    try:
+        eval('__IPYTHON__')
+    except NameError:
+        return False
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        return True
+
+
+def is_valid_identifier(identifier: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Checks that a string is a valid identifier and not a Python keyword.
+    :param identifier: The identifier to test.
+    :return: True if the identifier is valid.
+    """
+    return identifier.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(identifier)
+
+
+KeyType = TypeVar('KeyType')
+
+
+def deep_update(mapping: Dict[KeyType, Any], *updating_mappings: Dict[KeyType, Any]) -> Dict[KeyType, Any]:
+    updated_mapping = mapping.copy()
+    for updating_mapping in updating_mappings:
+        for k, v in updating_mapping.items():
+            if k in updated_mapping and isinstance(updated_mapping[k], dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
+                updated_mapping[k] = deep_update(updated_mapping[k], v)
+            else:
+                updated_mapping[k] = v
+    return updated_mapping
+
+
+def update_not_none(mapping: Dict[Any, Any], **update: Any) -> None:
+    mapping.update({k: v for k, v in update.items() if v is not None})
+
+
+def almost_equal_floats(value_1: float, value_2: float, *, delta: float = 1e-8) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if two floats are almost equal
+    """
+    return abs(value_1 - value_2) <= delta
+
+
+def generate_model_signature(
+    init: Callable[..., None], fields: Dict[str, 'ModelField'], config: Type['BaseConfig']
+) -> 'Signature':
+    """
+    Generate signature for model based on its fields
+    """
+    from inspect import Parameter, Signature, signature
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import Extra
+
+    present_params = signature(init).parameters.values()
+    merged_params: Dict[str, Parameter] = {}
+    var_kw = None
+    use_var_kw = False
+
+    for param in islice(present_params, 1, None):  # skip self arg
+        if param.kind is param.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            var_kw = param
+            continue
+        merged_params[param.name] = param
+
+    if var_kw:  # if custom init has no var_kw, fields which are not declared in it cannot be passed through
+        allow_names = config.allow_population_by_field_name
+        for field_name, field in fields.items():
+            param_name = field.alias
+            if field_name in merged_params or param_name in merged_params:
+                continue
+            elif not is_valid_identifier(param_name):
+                if allow_names and is_valid_identifier(field_name):
+                    param_name = field_name
+                else:
+                    use_var_kw = True
+                    continue
+
+            # TODO: replace annotation with actual expected types once #1055 solved
+            kwargs = {'default': field.default} if not field.required else {}
+            merged_params[param_name] = Parameter(
+                param_name, Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, annotation=field.annotation, **kwargs
+            )
+
+    if config.extra is Extra.allow:
+        use_var_kw = True
+
+    if var_kw and use_var_kw:
+        # Make sure the parameter for extra kwargs
+        # does not have the same name as a field
+        default_model_signature = [
+            ('__pydantic_self__', Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD),
+            ('data', Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD),
+        ]
+        if [(p.name, p.kind) for p in present_params] == default_model_signature:
+            # if this is the standard model signature, use extra_data as the extra args name
+            var_kw_name = 'extra_data'
+        else:
+            # else start from var_kw
+            var_kw_name = var_kw.name
+
+        # generate a name that's definitely unique
+        while var_kw_name in fields:
+            var_kw_name += '_'
+        merged_params[var_kw_name] = var_kw.replace(name=var_kw_name)
+
+    return Signature(parameters=list(merged_params.values()), return_annotation=None)
+
+
+def get_model(obj: Union[Type['BaseModel'], Type['Dataclass']]) -> Type['BaseModel']:
+    from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
+
+    try:
+        model_cls = obj.__pydantic_model__  # type: ignore
+    except AttributeError:
+        model_cls = obj
+
+    if not issubclass(model_cls, BaseModel):
+        raise TypeError('Unsupported type, must be either BaseModel or dataclass')
+    return model_cls
+
+
+def to_camel(string: str) -> str:
+    return ''.join(word.capitalize() for word in string.split('_'))
+
+
+def to_lower_camel(string: str) -> str:
+    if len(string) >= 1:
+        pascal_string = to_camel(string)
+        return pascal_string[0].lower() + pascal_string[1:]
+    return string.lower()
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def unique_list(
+    input_list: Union[List[T], Tuple[T, ...]],
+    *,
+    name_factory: Callable[[T], str] = str,
+) -> List[T]:
+    """
+    Make a list unique while maintaining order.
+    We update the list if another one with the same name is set
+    (e.g. root validator overridden in subclass)
+    """
+    result: List[T] = []
+    result_names: List[str] = []
+    for v in input_list:
+        v_name = name_factory(v)
+        if v_name not in result_names:
+            result_names.append(v_name)
+            result.append(v)
+        else:
+            result[result_names.index(v_name)] = v
+
+    return result
+
+
+class PyObjectStr(str):
+    """
+    String class where repr doesn't include quotes. Useful with Representation when you want to return a string
+    representation of something that valid (or pseudo-valid) python.
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+class Representation:
+    """
+    Mixin to provide __str__, __repr__, and __pretty__ methods. See #884 for more details.
+
+    __pretty__ is used by [devtools](https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to provide human readable representations
+    of objects.
+    """
+
+    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = tuple()
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        """
+        Returns the attributes to show in __str__, __repr__, and __pretty__ this is generally overridden.
+
+        Can either return:
+        * name - value pairs, e.g.: `[('foo_name', 'foo'), ('bar_name', ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        * or, just values, e.g.: `[(None, 'foo'), (None, ['b', 'a', 'r'])]`
+        """
+        attrs = ((s, getattr(self, s)) for s in self.__slots__)
+        return [(a, v) for a, v in attrs if v is not None]
+
+    def __repr_name__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Name of the instance's class, used in __repr__.
+        """
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def __repr_str__(self, join_str: str) -> str:
+        return join_str.join(repr(v) if a is None else f'{a}={v!r}' for a, v in self.__repr_args__())
+
+    def __pretty__(self, fmt: Callable[[Any], Any], **kwargs: Any) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        """
+        Used by devtools (https://python-devtools.helpmanual.io/) to provide a human readable representations of objects
+        """
+        yield self.__repr_name__() + '('
+        yield 1
+        for name, value in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is not None:
+                yield name + '='
+            yield fmt(value)
+            yield ','
+            yield 0
+        yield -1
+        yield ')'
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.__repr_str__(' ')
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(", ")})'
+
+    def __rich_repr__(self) -> 'RichReprResult':
+        """Get fields for Rich library"""
+        for name, field_repr in self.__repr_args__():
+            if name is None:
+                yield field_repr
+            else:
+                yield name, field_repr
+
+
+class GetterDict(Representation):
+    """
+    Hack to make object's smell just enough like dicts for validate_model.
+
+    We can't inherit from Mapping[str, Any] because it upsets cython so we have to implement all methods ourselves.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ('_obj',)
+
+    def __init__(self, obj: Any):
+        self._obj = obj
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return getattr(self._obj, key)
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise KeyError(key) from e
+
+    def get(self, key: Any, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self._obj, key, default)
+
+    def extra_keys(self) -> Set[Any]:
+        """
+        We don't want to get any other attributes of obj if the model didn't explicitly ask for them
+        """
+        return set()
+
+    def keys(self) -> List[Any]:
+        """
+        Keys of the pseudo dictionary, uses a list not set so order information can be maintained like python
+        dictionaries.
+        """
+        return list(self)
+
+    def values(self) -> List[Any]:
+        return [self[k] for k in self]
+
+    def items(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Any]]:
+        for k in self:
+            yield k, self.get(k)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        for name in dir(self._obj):
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                yield name
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return sum(1 for _ in self)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        return item in self.keys()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return dict(self) == dict(other.items())
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, dict(self))]
+
+    def __repr_name__(self) -> str:
+        return f'GetterDict[{display_as_type(self._obj)}]'
+
+
+class ValueItems(Representation):
+    """
+    Class for more convenient calculation of excluded or included fields on values.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ('_items', '_type')
+
+    def __init__(self, value: Any, items: Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']) -> None:
+        items = self._coerce_items(items)
+
+        if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            items = self._normalize_indexes(items, len(value))
+
+        self._items: 'MappingIntStrAny' = items
+
+    def is_excluded(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if item is fully excluded.
+
+        :param item: key or index of a value
+        """
+        return self.is_true(self._items.get(item))
+
+    def is_included(self, item: Any) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if value is contained in self._items
+
+        :param item: key or index of value
+        """
+        return item in self._items
+
+    def for_element(self, e: 'IntStr') -> Optional[Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']]:
+        """
+        :param e: key or index of element on value
+        :return: raw values for element if self._items is dict and contain needed element
+        """
+
+        item = self._items.get(e)
+        return item if not self.is_true(item) else None
+
+    def _normalize_indexes(self, items: 'MappingIntStrAny', v_length: int) -> 'DictIntStrAny':
+        """
+        :param items: dict or set of indexes which will be normalized
+        :param v_length: length of sequence indexes of which will be
+
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({0: True, -2: True, -1: True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        >>> self._normalize_indexes({'__all__': True}, 4)
+        {0: True, 1: True, 2: True, 3: True}
+        """
+
+        normalized_items: 'DictIntStrAny' = {}
+        all_items = None
+        for i, v in items.items():
+            if not (isinstance(v, Mapping) or isinstance(v, AbstractSet) or self.is_true(v)):
+                raise TypeError(f'Unexpected type of exclude value for index "{i}" {v.__class__}')
+            if i == '__all__':
+                all_items = self._coerce_value(v)
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(i, int):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    'Excluding fields from a sequence of sub-models or dicts must be performed index-wise: '
+                    'expected integer keys or keyword "__all__"'
+                )
+            normalized_i = v_length + i if i < 0 else i
+            normalized_items[normalized_i] = self.merge(v, normalized_items.get(normalized_i))
+
+        if not all_items:
+            return normalized_items
+        if self.is_true(all_items):
+            for i in range(v_length):
+                normalized_items.setdefault(i, ...)
+            return normalized_items
+        for i in range(v_length):
+            normalized_item = normalized_items.setdefault(i, {})
+            if not self.is_true(normalized_item):
+                normalized_items[i] = self.merge(all_items, normalized_item)
+        return normalized_items
+
+    @classmethod
+    def merge(cls, base: Any, override: Any, intersect: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """
+        Merge a ``base`` item with an ``override`` item.
+
+        Both ``base`` and ``override`` are converted to dictionaries if possible.
+        Sets are converted to dictionaries with the sets entries as keys and
+        Ellipsis as values.
+
+        Each key-value pair existing in ``base`` is merged with ``override``,
+        while the rest of the key-value pairs are updated recursively with this function.
+
+        Merging takes place based on the "union" of keys if ``intersect`` is
+        set to ``False`` (default) and on the intersection of keys if
+        ``intersect`` is set to ``True``.
+        """
+        override = cls._coerce_value(override)
+        base = cls._coerce_value(base)
+        if override is None:
+            return base
+        if cls.is_true(base) or base is None:
+            return override
+        if cls.is_true(override):
+            return base if intersect else override
+
+        # intersection or union of keys while preserving ordering:
+        if intersect:
+            merge_keys = [k for k in base if k in override] + [k for k in override if k in base]
+        else:
+            merge_keys = list(base) + [k for k in override if k not in base]
+
+        merged: 'DictIntStrAny' = {}
+        for k in merge_keys:
+            merged_item = cls.merge(base.get(k), override.get(k), intersect=intersect)
+            if merged_item is not None:
+                merged[k] = merged_item
+
+        return merged
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _coerce_items(items: Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny']) -> 'MappingIntStrAny':
+        if isinstance(items, Mapping):
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(items, AbstractSet):
+            items = dict.fromkeys(items, ...)
+        else:
+            class_name = getattr(items, '__class__', '???')
+            assert_never(
+                items,
+                f'Unexpected type of exclude value {class_name}',
+            )
+        return items
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _coerce_value(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+        if value is None or cls.is_true(value):
+            return value
+        return cls._coerce_items(value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_true(v: Any) -> bool:
+        return v is True or v is ...
+
+    def __repr_args__(self) -> 'ReprArgs':
+        return [(None, self._items)]
+
+
+class ClassAttribute:
+    """
+    Hide class attribute from its instances
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        'name',
+        'value',
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: Any, owner: Type[Any]) -> None:
+        if instance is None:
+            return self.value
+        raise AttributeError(f'{self.name!r} attribute of {owner.__name__!r} is class-only')
+
+
+path_types = {
+    'is_dir': 'directory',
+    'is_file': 'file',
+    'is_mount': 'mount point',
+    'is_symlink': 'symlink',
+    'is_block_device': 'block device',
+    'is_char_device': 'char device',
+    'is_fifo': 'FIFO',
+    'is_socket': 'socket',
+}
+
+
+def path_type(p: 'Path') -> str:
+    """
+    Find out what sort of thing a path is.
+    """
+    assert p.exists(), 'path does not exist'
+    for method, name in path_types.items():
+        if getattr(p, method)():
+            return name
+
+    return 'unknown'
+
+
+Obj = TypeVar('Obj')
+
+
+def smart_deepcopy(obj: Obj) -> Obj:
+    """
+    Return type as is for immutable built-in types
+    Use obj.copy() for built-in empty collections
+    Use copy.deepcopy() for non-empty collections and unknown objects
+    """
+
+    obj_type = obj.__class__
+    if obj_type in IMMUTABLE_NON_COLLECTIONS_TYPES:
+        return obj  # fastest case: obj is immutable and not collection therefore will not be copied anyway
+    try:
+        if not obj and obj_type in BUILTIN_COLLECTIONS:
+            # faster way for empty collections, no need to copy its members
+            return obj if obj_type is tuple else obj.copy()  # type: ignore  # tuple doesn't have copy method
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, RuntimeError):
+        # do we really dare to catch ALL errors? Seems a bit risky
+        pass
+
+    return deepcopy(obj)  # slowest way when we actually might need a deepcopy
+
+
+def is_valid_field(name: str) -> bool:
+    if not name.startswith('_'):
+        return True
+    return ROOT_KEY == name
+
+
+DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES = {
+    '__annotations__',
+    '__classcell__',
+    '__doc__',
+    '__module__',
+    '__orig_bases__',
+    '__orig_class__',
+    '__qualname__',
+    '__firstlineno__',
+    '__static_attributes__',
+    '__classdictcell__',
+}
+
+
+def is_valid_private_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return not is_valid_field(name) and name not in DUNDER_ATTRIBUTES
+
+
+_EMPTY = object()
+
+
+def all_identical(left: Iterable[Any], right: Iterable[Any]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check that the items of `left` are the same objects as those in `right`.
+
+    >>> a, b = object(), object()
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, a], [a, b, a])
+    True
+    >>> all_identical([a, b, [a]], [a, b, [a]])  # new list object, while "equal" is not "identical"
+    False
+    """
+    for left_item, right_item in zip_longest(left, right, fillvalue=_EMPTY):
+        if left_item is not right_item:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def assert_never(obj: NoReturn, msg: str) -> NoReturn:
+    """
+    Helper to make sure that we have covered all possible types.
+
+    This is mostly useful for ``mypy``, docs:
+    https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/literal_types.html#exhaustive-checks
+    """
+    raise TypeError(msg)
+
+
+def get_unique_discriminator_alias(all_aliases: Collection[str], discriminator_key: str) -> str:
+    """Validate that all aliases are the same and if that's the case return the alias"""
+    unique_aliases = set(all_aliases)
+    if len(unique_aliases) > 1:
+        raise ConfigError(
+            f'Aliases for discriminator {discriminator_key!r} must be the same (got {", ".join(sorted(all_aliases))})'
+        )
+    return unique_aliases.pop()
+
+
+def get_discriminator_alias_and_values(tp: Any, discriminator_key: str) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[str, ...]]:
+    """
+    Get alias and all valid values in the `Literal` type of the discriminator field
+    `tp` can be a `BaseModel` class or directly an `Annotated` `Union` of many.
+    """
+    is_root_model = getattr(tp, '__custom_root_type__', False)
+
+    if get_origin(tp) is Annotated:
+        tp = get_args(tp)[0]
+
+    if hasattr(tp, '__pydantic_model__'):
+        tp = tp.__pydantic_model__
+
+    if is_union(get_origin(tp)):
+        alias, all_values = _get_union_alias_and_all_values(tp, discriminator_key)
+        return alias, tuple(v for values in all_values for v in values)
+    elif is_root_model:
+        union_type = tp.__fields__[ROOT_KEY].type_
+        alias, all_values = _get_union_alias_and_all_values(union_type, discriminator_key)
+
+        if len(set(all_values)) > 1:
+            raise ConfigError(
+                f'Field {discriminator_key!r} is not the same for all submodels of {display_as_type(tp)!r}'
+            )
+
+        return alias, all_values[0]
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            t_discriminator_type = tp.__fields__[discriminator_key].type_
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(f'Type {tp.__name__!r} is not a valid `BaseModel` or `dataclass`') from e
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ConfigError(f'Model {tp.__name__!r} needs a discriminator field for key {discriminator_key!r}') from e
+
+        if not is_literal_type(t_discriminator_type):
+            raise ConfigError(f'Field {discriminator_key!r} of model {tp.__name__!r} needs to be a `Literal`')
+
+        return tp.__fields__[discriminator_key].alias, all_literal_values(t_discriminator_type)
+
+
+def _get_union_alias_and_all_values(
+    union_type: Type[Any], discriminator_key: str
+) -> Tuple[str, Tuple[Tuple[str, ...], ...]]:
+    zipped_aliases_values = [get_discriminator_alias_and_values(t, discriminator_key) for t in get_args(union_type)]
+    # unzip: [('alias_a',('v1', 'v2)), ('alias_b', ('v3',))] => [('alias_a', 'alias_b'), (('v1', 'v2'), ('v3',))]
+    all_aliases, all_values = zip(*zipped_aliases_values)
+    return get_unique_discriminator_alias(all_aliases, discriminator_key), all_values
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0940e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
+import math
+import re
+from collections import OrderedDict, deque
+from collections.abc import Hashable as CollectionsHashable
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal, DecimalException
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Deque,
+    Dict,
+    ForwardRef,
+    FrozenSet,
+    Generator,
+    Hashable,
+    List,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Pattern,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+from uuid import UUID
+from warnings import warn
+
+from pydantic.v1 import errors
+from pydantic.v1.datetime_parse import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_duration, parse_time
+from pydantic.v1.typing import (
+    AnyCallable,
+    all_literal_values,
+    display_as_type,
+    get_class,
+    is_callable_type,
+    is_literal_type,
+    is_namedtuple,
+    is_none_type,
+    is_typeddict,
+)
+from pydantic.v1.utils import almost_equal_floats, lenient_issubclass, sequence_like
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig
+    from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
+    from pydantic.v1.types import ConstrainedDecimal, ConstrainedFloat, ConstrainedInt
+
+    ConstrainedNumber = Union[ConstrainedDecimal, ConstrainedFloat, ConstrainedInt]
+    AnyOrderedDict = OrderedDict[Any, Any]
+    Number = Union[int, float, Decimal]
+    StrBytes = Union[str, bytes]
+
+
+def str_validator(v: Any) -> Union[str]:
+    if isinstance(v, str):
+        if isinstance(v, Enum):
+            return v.value
+        else:
+            return v
+    elif isinstance(v, (float, int, Decimal)):
+        # is there anything else we want to add here? If you think so, create an issue.
+        return str(v)
+    elif isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        return v.decode()
+    else:
+        raise errors.StrError()
+
+
+def strict_str_validator(v: Any) -> Union[str]:
+    if isinstance(v, str) and not isinstance(v, Enum):
+        return v
+    raise errors.StrError()
+
+
+def bytes_validator(v: Any) -> Union[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        return v
+    elif isinstance(v, bytearray):
+        return bytes(v)
+    elif isinstance(v, str):
+        return v.encode()
+    elif isinstance(v, (float, int, Decimal)):
+        return str(v).encode()
+    else:
+        raise errors.BytesError()
+
+
+def strict_bytes_validator(v: Any) -> Union[bytes]:
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        return v
+    elif isinstance(v, bytearray):
+        return bytes(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.BytesError()
+
+
+BOOL_FALSE = {0, '0', 'off', 'f', 'false', 'n', 'no'}
+BOOL_TRUE = {1, '1', 'on', 't', 'true', 'y', 'yes'}
+
+
+def bool_validator(v: Any) -> bool:
+    if v is True or v is False:
+        return v
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        v = v.decode()
+    if isinstance(v, str):
+        v = v.lower()
+    try:
+        if v in BOOL_TRUE:
+            return True
+        if v in BOOL_FALSE:
+            return False
+    except TypeError:
+        raise errors.BoolError()
+    raise errors.BoolError()
+
+
+# matches the default limit cpython, see https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/96500
+max_str_int = 4_300
+
+
+def int_validator(v: Any) -> int:
+    if isinstance(v, int) and not (v is True or v is False):
+        return v
+
+    # see https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/1477 and in turn, https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/95778
+    # this check should be unnecessary once patch releases are out for 3.7, 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10
+    # but better to check here until then.
+    # NOTICE: this does not fully protect user from the DOS risk since the standard library JSON implementation
+    # (and other std lib modules like xml) use `int()` and are likely called before this, the best workaround is to
+    # 1. update to the latest patch release of python once released, 2. use a different JSON library like ujson
+    if isinstance(v, (str, bytes, bytearray)) and len(v) > max_str_int:
+        raise errors.IntegerError()
+
+    try:
+        return int(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError):
+        raise errors.IntegerError()
+
+
+def strict_int_validator(v: Any) -> int:
+    if isinstance(v, int) and not (v is True or v is False):
+        return v
+    raise errors.IntegerError()
+
+
+def float_validator(v: Any) -> float:
+    if isinstance(v, float):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return float(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise errors.FloatError()
+
+
+def strict_float_validator(v: Any) -> float:
+    if isinstance(v, float):
+        return v
+    raise errors.FloatError()
+
+
+def float_finite_validator(v: 'Number', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'Number':
+    allow_inf_nan = getattr(field.type_, 'allow_inf_nan', None)
+    if allow_inf_nan is None:
+        allow_inf_nan = config.allow_inf_nan
+
+    if allow_inf_nan is False and (math.isnan(v) or math.isinf(v)):
+        raise errors.NumberNotFiniteError()
+    return v
+
+
+def number_multiple_validator(v: 'Number', field: 'ModelField') -> 'Number':
+    field_type: ConstrainedNumber = field.type_
+    if field_type.multiple_of is not None:
+        mod = float(v) / float(field_type.multiple_of) % 1
+        if not almost_equal_floats(mod, 0.0) and not almost_equal_floats(mod, 1.0):
+            raise errors.NumberNotMultipleError(multiple_of=field_type.multiple_of)
+    return v
+
+
+def number_size_validator(v: 'Number', field: 'ModelField') -> 'Number':
+    field_type: ConstrainedNumber = field.type_
+    if field_type.gt is not None and not v > field_type.gt:
+        raise errors.NumberNotGtError(limit_value=field_type.gt)
+    elif field_type.ge is not None and not v >= field_type.ge:
+        raise errors.NumberNotGeError(limit_value=field_type.ge)
+
+    if field_type.lt is not None and not v < field_type.lt:
+        raise errors.NumberNotLtError(limit_value=field_type.lt)
+    if field_type.le is not None and not v <= field_type.le:
+        raise errors.NumberNotLeError(limit_value=field_type.le)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constant_validator(v: 'Any', field: 'ModelField') -> 'Any':
+    """Validate ``const`` fields.
+
+    The value provided for a ``const`` field must be equal to the default value
+    of the field. This is to support the keyword of the same name in JSON
+    Schema.
+    """
+    if v != field.default:
+        raise errors.WrongConstantError(given=v, permitted=[field.default])
+
+    return v
+
+
+def anystr_length_validator(v: 'StrBytes', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    v_len = len(v)
+
+    min_length = config.min_anystr_length
+    if v_len < min_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMinLengthError(limit_value=min_length)
+
+    max_length = config.max_anystr_length
+    if max_length is not None and v_len > max_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMaxLengthError(limit_value=max_length)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def anystr_strip_whitespace(v: 'StrBytes') -> 'StrBytes':
+    return v.strip()
+
+
+def anystr_upper(v: 'StrBytes') -> 'StrBytes':
+    return v.upper()
+
+
+def anystr_lower(v: 'StrBytes') -> 'StrBytes':
+    return v.lower()
+
+
+def ordered_dict_validator(v: Any) -> 'AnyOrderedDict':
+    if isinstance(v, OrderedDict):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return OrderedDict(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise errors.DictError()
+
+
+def dict_validator(v: Any) -> Dict[Any, Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return dict(v)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        raise errors.DictError()
+
+
+def list_validator(v: Any) -> List[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, list):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return list(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.ListError()
+
+
+def tuple_validator(v: Any) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+    if isinstance(v, tuple):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return tuple(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.TupleError()
+
+
+def set_validator(v: Any) -> Set[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, set):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return set(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.SetError()
+
+
+def frozenset_validator(v: Any) -> FrozenSet[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, frozenset):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return frozenset(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.FrozenSetError()
+
+
+def deque_validator(v: Any) -> Deque[Any]:
+    if isinstance(v, deque):
+        return v
+    elif sequence_like(v):
+        return deque(v)
+    else:
+        raise errors.DequeError()
+
+
+def enum_member_validator(v: Any, field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> Enum:
+    try:
+        enum_v = field.type_(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        # field.type_ should be an enum, so will be iterable
+        raise errors.EnumMemberError(enum_values=list(field.type_))
+    return enum_v.value if config.use_enum_values else enum_v
+
+
+def uuid_validator(v: Any, field: 'ModelField') -> UUID:
+    try:
+        if isinstance(v, str):
+            v = UUID(v)
+        elif isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            try:
+                v = UUID(v.decode())
+            except ValueError:
+                # 16 bytes in big-endian order as the bytes argument fail
+                # the above check
+                v = UUID(bytes=v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.UUIDError()
+
+    if not isinstance(v, UUID):
+        raise errors.UUIDError()
+
+    required_version = getattr(field.type_, '_required_version', None)
+    if required_version and v.version != required_version:
+        raise errors.UUIDVersionError(required_version=required_version)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def decimal_validator(v: Any) -> Decimal:
+    if isinstance(v, Decimal):
+        return v
+    elif isinstance(v, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        v = v.decode()
+
+    v = str(v).strip()
+
+    try:
+        v = Decimal(v)
+    except DecimalException:
+        raise errors.DecimalError()
+
+    if not v.is_finite():
+        raise errors.DecimalIsNotFiniteError()
+
+    return v
+
+
+def hashable_validator(v: Any) -> Hashable:
+    if isinstance(v, Hashable):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.HashableError()
+
+
+def ip_v4_address_validator(v: Any) -> IPv4Address:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv4Address):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Address(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv4AddressError()
+
+
+def ip_v6_address_validator(v: Any) -> IPv6Address:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv6Address):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Address(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv6AddressError()
+
+
+def ip_v4_network_validator(v: Any) -> IPv4Network:
+    """
+    Assume IPv4Network initialised with a default ``strict`` argument
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv4Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, IPv4Network):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Network(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv4NetworkError()
+
+
+def ip_v6_network_validator(v: Any) -> IPv6Network:
+    """
+    Assume IPv6Network initialised with a default ``strict`` argument
+
+    See more:
+    https://docs.python.org/library/ipaddress.html#ipaddress.IPv6Network
+    """
+    if isinstance(v, IPv6Network):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Network(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv6NetworkError()
+
+
+def ip_v4_interface_validator(v: Any) -> IPv4Interface:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv4Interface):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv4Interface(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv4InterfaceError()
+
+
+def ip_v6_interface_validator(v: Any) -> IPv6Interface:
+    if isinstance(v, IPv6Interface):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return IPv6Interface(v)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.IPv6InterfaceError()
+
+
+def path_validator(v: Any) -> Path:
+    if isinstance(v, Path):
+        return v
+
+    try:
+        return Path(v)
+    except TypeError:
+        raise errors.PathError()
+
+
+def path_exists_validator(v: Any) -> Path:
+    if not v.exists():
+        raise errors.PathNotExistsError(path=v)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def callable_validator(v: Any) -> AnyCallable:
+    """
+    Perform a simple check if the value is callable.
+
+    Note: complete matching of argument type hints and return types is not performed
+    """
+    if callable(v):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.CallableError(value=v)
+
+
+def enum_validator(v: Any) -> Enum:
+    if isinstance(v, Enum):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.EnumError(value=v)
+
+
+def int_enum_validator(v: Any) -> IntEnum:
+    if isinstance(v, IntEnum):
+        return v
+
+    raise errors.IntEnumError(value=v)
+
+
+def make_literal_validator(type_: Any) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    permitted_choices = all_literal_values(type_)
+
+    # To have a O(1) complexity and still return one of the values set inside the `Literal`,
+    # we create a dict with the set values (a set causes some problems with the way intersection works).
+    # In some cases the set value and checked value can indeed be different (see `test_literal_validator_str_enum`)
+    allowed_choices = {v: v for v in permitted_choices}
+
+    def literal_validator(v: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return allowed_choices[v]
+        except (KeyError, TypeError):
+            raise errors.WrongConstantError(given=v, permitted=permitted_choices)
+
+    return literal_validator
+
+
+def constr_length_validator(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    v_len = len(v)
+
+    min_length = field.type_.min_length if field.type_.min_length is not None else config.min_anystr_length
+    if v_len < min_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMinLengthError(limit_value=min_length)
+
+    max_length = field.type_.max_length if field.type_.max_length is not None else config.max_anystr_length
+    if max_length is not None and v_len > max_length:
+        raise errors.AnyStrMaxLengthError(limit_value=max_length)
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constr_strip_whitespace(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    strip_whitespace = field.type_.strip_whitespace or config.anystr_strip_whitespace
+    if strip_whitespace:
+        v = v.strip()
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constr_upper(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    upper = field.type_.to_upper or config.anystr_upper
+    if upper:
+        v = v.upper()
+
+    return v
+
+
+def constr_lower(v: 'StrBytes', field: 'ModelField', config: 'BaseConfig') -> 'StrBytes':
+    lower = field.type_.to_lower or config.anystr_lower
+    if lower:
+        v = v.lower()
+    return v
+
+
+def validate_json(v: Any, config: 'BaseConfig') -> Any:
+    if v is None:
+        # pass None through to other validators
+        return v
+    try:
+        return config.json_loads(v)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.JsonError()
+    except TypeError:
+        raise errors.JsonTypeError()
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+def make_arbitrary_type_validator(type_: Type[T]) -> Callable[[T], T]:
+    def arbitrary_type_validator(v: Any) -> T:
+        if isinstance(v, type_):
+            return v
+        raise errors.ArbitraryTypeError(expected_arbitrary_type=type_)
+
+    return arbitrary_type_validator
+
+
+def make_class_validator(type_: Type[T]) -> Callable[[Any], Type[T]]:
+    def class_validator(v: Any) -> Type[T]:
+        if lenient_issubclass(v, type_):
+            return v
+        raise errors.SubclassError(expected_class=type_)
+
+    return class_validator
+
+
+def any_class_validator(v: Any) -> Type[T]:
+    if isinstance(v, type):
+        return v
+    raise errors.ClassError()
+
+
+def none_validator(v: Any) -> 'Literal[None]':
+    if v is None:
+        return v
+    raise errors.NotNoneError()
+
+
+def pattern_validator(v: Any) -> Pattern[str]:
+    if isinstance(v, Pattern):
+        return v
+
+    str_value = str_validator(v)
+
+    try:
+        return re.compile(str_value)
+    except re.error:
+        raise errors.PatternError()
+
+
+NamedTupleT = TypeVar('NamedTupleT', bound=NamedTuple)
+
+
+def make_namedtuple_validator(
+    namedtuple_cls: Type[NamedTupleT], config: Type['BaseConfig']
+) -> Callable[[Tuple[Any, ...]], NamedTupleT]:
+    from pydantic.v1.annotated_types import create_model_from_namedtuple
+
+    NamedTupleModel = create_model_from_namedtuple(
+        namedtuple_cls,
+        __config__=config,
+        __module__=namedtuple_cls.__module__,
+    )
+    namedtuple_cls.__pydantic_model__ = NamedTupleModel  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def namedtuple_validator(values: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> NamedTupleT:
+        annotations = NamedTupleModel.__annotations__
+
+        if len(values) > len(annotations):
+            raise errors.ListMaxLengthError(limit_value=len(annotations))
+
+        dict_values: Dict[str, Any] = dict(zip(annotations, values))
+        validated_dict_values: Dict[str, Any] = dict(NamedTupleModel(**dict_values))
+        return namedtuple_cls(**validated_dict_values)
+
+    return namedtuple_validator
+
+
+def make_typeddict_validator(
+    typeddict_cls: Type['TypedDict'], config: Type['BaseConfig']  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+) -> Callable[[Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
+    from pydantic.v1.annotated_types import create_model_from_typeddict
+
+    TypedDictModel = create_model_from_typeddict(
+        typeddict_cls,
+        __config__=config,
+        __module__=typeddict_cls.__module__,
+    )
+    typeddict_cls.__pydantic_model__ = TypedDictModel  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    def typeddict_validator(values: 'TypedDict') -> Dict[str, Any]:  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+        return TypedDictModel.parse_obj(values).dict(exclude_unset=True)
+
+    return typeddict_validator
+
+
+class IfConfig:
+    def __init__(self, validator: AnyCallable, *config_attr_names: str, ignored_value: Any = False) -> None:
+        self.validator = validator
+        self.config_attr_names = config_attr_names
+        self.ignored_value = ignored_value
+
+    def check(self, config: Type['BaseConfig']) -> bool:
+        return any(getattr(config, name) not in {None, self.ignored_value} for name in self.config_attr_names)
+
+
+# order is important here, for example: bool is a subclass of int so has to come first, datetime before date same,
+# IPv4Interface before IPv4Address, etc
+_VALIDATORS: List[Tuple[Type[Any], List[Any]]] = [
+    (IntEnum, [int_validator, enum_member_validator]),
+    (Enum, [enum_member_validator]),
+    (
+        str,
+        [
+            str_validator,
+            IfConfig(anystr_strip_whitespace, 'anystr_strip_whitespace'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_upper, 'anystr_upper'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_lower, 'anystr_lower'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_length_validator, 'min_anystr_length', 'max_anystr_length'),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        bytes,
+        [
+            bytes_validator,
+            IfConfig(anystr_strip_whitespace, 'anystr_strip_whitespace'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_upper, 'anystr_upper'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_lower, 'anystr_lower'),
+            IfConfig(anystr_length_validator, 'min_anystr_length', 'max_anystr_length'),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (bool, [bool_validator]),
+    (int, [int_validator]),
+    (float, [float_validator, IfConfig(float_finite_validator, 'allow_inf_nan', ignored_value=True)]),
+    (Path, [path_validator]),
+    (datetime, [parse_datetime]),
+    (date, [parse_date]),
+    (time, [parse_time]),
+    (timedelta, [parse_duration]),
+    (OrderedDict, [ordered_dict_validator]),
+    (dict, [dict_validator]),
+    (list, [list_validator]),
+    (tuple, [tuple_validator]),
+    (set, [set_validator]),
+    (frozenset, [frozenset_validator]),
+    (deque, [deque_validator]),
+    (UUID, [uuid_validator]),
+    (Decimal, [decimal_validator]),
+    (IPv4Interface, [ip_v4_interface_validator]),
+    (IPv6Interface, [ip_v6_interface_validator]),
+    (IPv4Address, [ip_v4_address_validator]),
+    (IPv6Address, [ip_v6_address_validator]),
+    (IPv4Network, [ip_v4_network_validator]),
+    (IPv6Network, [ip_v6_network_validator]),
+]
+
+
+def find_validators(  # noqa: C901 (ignore complexity)
+    type_: Type[Any], config: Type['BaseConfig']
+) -> Generator[AnyCallable, None, None]:
+    from pydantic.v1.dataclasses import is_builtin_dataclass, make_dataclass_validator
+
+    if type_ is Any or type_ is object:
+        return
+    type_type = type_.__class__
+    if type_type == ForwardRef or type_type == TypeVar:
+        return
+
+    if is_none_type(type_):
+        yield none_validator
+        return
+    if type_ is Pattern or type_ is re.Pattern:
+        yield pattern_validator
+        return
+    if type_ is Hashable or type_ is CollectionsHashable:
+        yield hashable_validator
+        return
+    if is_callable_type(type_):
+        yield callable_validator
+        return
+    if is_literal_type(type_):
+        yield make_literal_validator(type_)
+        return
+    if is_builtin_dataclass(type_):
+        yield from make_dataclass_validator(type_, config)
+        return
+    if type_ is Enum:
+        yield enum_validator
+        return
+    if type_ is IntEnum:
+        yield int_enum_validator
+        return
+    if is_namedtuple(type_):
+        yield tuple_validator
+        yield make_namedtuple_validator(type_, config)
+        return
+    if is_typeddict(type_):
+        yield make_typeddict_validator(type_, config)
+        return
+
+    class_ = get_class(type_)
+    if class_ is not None:
+        if class_ is not Any and isinstance(class_, type):
+            yield make_class_validator(class_)
+        else:
+            yield any_class_validator
+        return
+
+    for val_type, validators in _VALIDATORS:
+        try:
+            if issubclass(type_, val_type):
+                for v in validators:
+                    if isinstance(v, IfConfig):
+                        if v.check(config):
+                            yield v.validator
+                    else:
+                        yield v
+                return
+        except TypeError:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'error checking inheritance of {type_!r} (type: {display_as_type(type_)})')
+
+    if config.arbitrary_types_allowed:
+        yield make_arbitrary_type_validator(type_)
+    else:
+        if hasattr(type_, '__pydantic_core_schema__'):
+            warn(f'Mixing V1 and V2 models is not supported. `{type_.__name__}` is a V2 model.', UserWarning)
+        raise RuntimeError(f'no validator found for {type_}, see `arbitrary_types_allowed` in Config')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ba1cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/v1/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+__all__ = 'compiled', 'VERSION', 'version_info'
+
+VERSION = '1.10.26'
+
+try:
+    import cython  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    compiled: bool = False
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        compiled = cython.compiled
+    except AttributeError:
+        compiled = False
+
+
+def version_info() -> str:
+    import platform
+    import sys
+    from importlib import import_module
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    optional_deps = []
+    for p in ('devtools', 'dotenv', 'email-validator', 'typing-extensions'):
+        try:
+            import_module(p.replace('-', '_'))
+        except ImportError:
+            continue
+        optional_deps.append(p)
+
+    info = {
+        'pydantic version': VERSION,
+        'pydantic compiled': compiled,
+        'install path': Path(__file__).resolve().parent,
+        'python version': sys.version,
+        'platform': platform.platform(),
+        'optional deps. installed': optional_deps,
+    }
+    return '\n'.join('{:>30} {}'.format(k + ':', str(v).replace('\n', ' ')) for k, v in info.items())
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validate_call_decorator.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validate_call_decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bc8991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validate_call_decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Decorator for validating function calls."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import inspect
+from functools import partial
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, TypeVar, cast, overload
+
+from ._internal import _generate_schema, _typing_extra, _validate_call
+from .errors import PydanticUserError
+
+__all__ = ('validate_call',)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .config import ConfigDict
+
+    AnyCallableT = TypeVar('AnyCallableT', bound=Callable[..., Any])
+
+
+_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE = 'validate-call-type'
+
+
+def _check_function_type(function: object) -> None:
+    """Check if the input function is a supported type for `validate_call`."""
+    if isinstance(function, _generate_schema.VALIDATE_CALL_SUPPORTED_TYPES):
+        try:
+            _typing_extra.signature_no_eval(cast(_generate_schema.ValidateCallSupportedTypes, function))
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            raise PydanticUserError(
+                f"Input function `{function}` doesn't have a valid signature", code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(function, partial):
+            try:
+                assert not isinstance(partial.func, partial), 'Partial of partial'
+                _check_function_type(function.func)
+            except PydanticUserError as e:
+                raise PydanticUserError(
+                    f'Partial of `{function.func}` is invalid because the type of `{function.func}` is not supported by `validate_call`',
+                    code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+                ) from e
+
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(function, BuiltinFunctionType):
+        raise PydanticUserError(f'Input built-in function `{function}` is not supported', code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE)
+    if isinstance(function, (classmethod, staticmethod, property)):
+        name = type(function).__name__
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'The `@{name}` decorator should be applied after `@validate_call` (put `@{name}` on top)',
+            code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+        )
+
+    if inspect.isclass(function):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unable to validate {function}: `validate_call` should be applied to functions, not classes (put `@validate_call` on top of `__init__` or `__new__` instead)',
+            code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+        )
+    if callable(function):
+        raise PydanticUserError(
+            f'Unable to validate {function}: `validate_call` should be applied to functions, not instances or other callables. Use `validate_call` explicitly on `__call__` instead.',
+            code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+        )
+
+    raise PydanticUserError(
+        f'Unable to validate {function}: `validate_call` should be applied to one of the following: function, method, partial, or lambda',
+        code=_INVALID_TYPE_ERROR_CODE,
+    )
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_call(
+    *, config: ConfigDict | None = None, validate_return: bool = False
+) -> Callable[[AnyCallableT], AnyCallableT]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def validate_call(func: AnyCallableT, /) -> AnyCallableT: ...
+
+
+def validate_call(
+    func: AnyCallableT | None = None,
+    /,
+    *,
+    config: ConfigDict | None = None,
+    validate_return: bool = False,
+) -> AnyCallableT | Callable[[AnyCallableT], AnyCallableT]:
+    """!!! abstract "Usage Documentation"
+        [Validation Decorator](../concepts/validation_decorator.md)
+
+    Returns a decorated wrapper around the function that validates the arguments and, optionally, the return value.
+
+    Usage may be either as a plain decorator `@validate_call` or with arguments `@validate_call(...)`.
+
+    Args:
+        func: The function to be decorated.
+        config: The configuration dictionary.
+        validate_return: Whether to validate the return value.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decorated function.
+    """
+    parent_namespace = _typing_extra.parent_frame_namespace()
+
+    def validate(function: AnyCallableT) -> AnyCallableT:
+        _check_function_type(function)
+        validate_call_wrapper = _validate_call.ValidateCallWrapper(
+            cast(_generate_schema.ValidateCallSupportedTypes, function), config, validate_return, parent_namespace
+        )
+        return _validate_call.update_wrapper_attributes(function, validate_call_wrapper.__call__)  # type: ignore
+
+    if func is not None:
+        return validate(func)
+    else:
+        return validate
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validators.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7921b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/validators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""The `validators` module is a backport module from V1."""
+
+from ._migration import getattr_migration
+
+__getattr__ = getattr_migration(__name__)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f17ae9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""The `version` module holds the version information for Pydantic."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+
+from pydantic_core import __version__ as __pydantic_core_version__
+
+__all__ = 'VERSION', 'version_info'
+
+VERSION = '2.13.4'
+"""The version of Pydantic.
+
+This version specifier is guaranteed to be compliant with the [specification],
+introduced by [PEP 440].
+
+[specification]: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/version-specifiers/
+[PEP 440]: https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/
+"""
+
+# Keep this in sync with the version constraint in the `pyproject.toml` dependencies:
+_COMPATIBLE_PYDANTIC_CORE_VERSION = '2.46.4'
+
+
+def version_short() -> str:
+    """Return the `major.minor` part of Pydantic version.
+
+    It returns '2.1' if Pydantic version is '2.1.1'.
+    """
+    return '.'.join(VERSION.split('.')[:2])
+
+
+def version_info() -> str:
+    """Return complete version information for Pydantic and its dependencies."""
+    import importlib.metadata
+    import platform
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    import pydantic_core._pydantic_core as pdc
+
+    from ._internal import _git as git
+
+    # get data about packages that are closely related to pydantic, use pydantic or often conflict with pydantic
+    package_names = {
+        'email-validator',
+        'fastapi',
+        'mypy',
+        'pydantic-extra-types',
+        'pydantic-settings',
+        'pyright',
+        'typing_extensions',
+    }
+    related_packages = []
+
+    for dist in importlib.metadata.distributions():
+        name = dist.metadata['Name']
+        if name in package_names:
+            related_packages.append(f'{name}-{dist.version}')
+
+    pydantic_dir = Path(__file__).parents[1].resolve()
+    most_recent_commit = (
+        git.git_revision(pydantic_dir) if git.is_git_repo(pydantic_dir) and git.have_git() else 'unknown'
+    )
+
+    info = {
+        'pydantic version': VERSION,
+        'pydantic-core version': __pydantic_core_version__,
+        'pydantic-core build': getattr(pdc, 'build_info', None) or pdc.build_profile,  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
+        'python version': sys.version,
+        'platform': platform.platform(),
+        'related packages': ' '.join(related_packages),
+        'commit': most_recent_commit,
+    }
+    return '\n'.join('{:>30} {}'.format(k + ':', str(v).replace('\n', ' ')) for k, v in info.items())
+
+
+def check_pydantic_core_version() -> bool:
+    """Check that the installed `pydantic-core` dependency is compatible."""
+    return __pydantic_core_version__ == _COMPATIBLE_PYDANTIC_CORE_VERSION
+
+
+def _ensure_pydantic_core_version() -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    if not check_pydantic_core_version():
+        raise_error = True
+        # Do not raise the error if pydantic is installed in editable mode (i.e. in development):
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # origin property added in 3.13
+            from importlib.metadata import distribution
+
+            dist = distribution('pydantic')
+            if getattr(getattr(dist.origin, 'dir_info', None), 'editable', False):
+                raise_error = False
+
+        if raise_error:
+            raise SystemError(
+                f'The installed pydantic-core version ({__pydantic_core_version__}) is incompatible '
+                f'with the current pydantic version, which requires {_COMPATIBLE_PYDANTIC_CORE_VERSION}. '
+                "If you encounter this error, make sure that you haven't upgraded pydantic-core manually."
+            )
+
+
+def parse_mypy_version(version: str) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    """Parse `mypy` string version to a 3-tuple of ints.
+
+    It parses normal version like `1.11.0` and extra info followed by a `+` sign
+    like `1.11.0+dev.d6d9d8cd4f27c52edac1f537e236ec48a01e54cb.dirty`.
+
+    Args:
+        version: The mypy version string.
+
+    Returns:
+        A triple of ints, e.g. `(1, 11, 0)`.
+    """
+    return tuple(map(int, version.partition('+')[0].split('.')))  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/warnings.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/warnings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02323b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic/warnings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""Pydantic-specific warnings."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+from .version import version_short
+
+__all__ = (
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince20',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince26',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince29',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince210',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince211',
+    'PydanticDeprecatedSince212',
+    'PydanticDeprecationWarning',
+    'PydanticExperimentalWarning',
+    'ArbitraryTypeWarning',
+    'UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning',
+    'TypedDictExtraConfigWarning',
+)
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecationWarning(DeprecationWarning):
+    """A Pydantic specific deprecation warning.
+
+    This warning is raised when using deprecated functionality in Pydantic. It provides information on when the
+    deprecation was introduced and the expected version in which the corresponding functionality will be removed.
+
+    Attributes:
+        message: Description of the warning.
+        since: Pydantic version in what the deprecation was introduced.
+        expected_removal: Pydantic version in what the corresponding functionality expected to be removed.
+    """
+
+    message: str
+    since: tuple[int, int]
+    expected_removal: tuple[int, int]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, message: str, *args: object, since: tuple[int, int], expected_removal: tuple[int, int] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args)
+        self.message = message.rstrip('.')
+        self.since = since
+        self.expected_removal = expected_removal if expected_removal is not None else (since[0] + 1, 0)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        message = (
+            f'{self.message}. Deprecated in Pydantic V{self.since[0]}.{self.since[1]}'
+            f' to be removed in V{self.expected_removal[0]}.{self.expected_removal[1]}.'
+        )
+        if self.since == (2, 0):
+            message += f' See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/{version_short()}/migration/'
+        return message
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince20(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.0."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 0), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince26(PydanticDeprecationWarning):  # pragma: no cover
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.6."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 6), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince29(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.9."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 9), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince210(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.10."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 10), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince211(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.11."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 11), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class PydanticDeprecatedSince212(PydanticDeprecationWarning):
+    """A specific `PydanticDeprecationWarning` subclass defining functionality deprecated since Pydantic 2.12."""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *args: object) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message, *args, since=(2, 12), expected_removal=(3, 0))
+
+
+class GenericBeforeBaseModelWarning(Warning):
+    pass
+
+
+class PydanticExperimentalWarning(Warning):
+    """A Pydantic specific experimental functionality warning.
+
+    It is raised to warn users that the functionality may change or be removed in future versions of Pydantic.
+    """
+
+
+class CoreSchemaGenerationWarning(UserWarning):
+    """A warning raised during core schema generation."""
+
+
+class ArbitraryTypeWarning(CoreSchemaGenerationWarning):
+    """A warning raised when Pydantic fails to generate a core schema for an arbitrary type."""
+
+
+class UnsupportedFieldAttributeWarning(CoreSchemaGenerationWarning):
+    """A warning raised when a `Field()` attribute isn't supported in the context it is used."""
+
+
+class TypedDictExtraConfigWarning(CoreSchemaGenerationWarning):
+    """A warning raised when the [`extra`][pydantic.ConfigDict.extra] configuration is incompatible with the `closed` or `extra_items` specification."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29068a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: pydantic_core
+Version: 2.46.4
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: GraalPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Rust
+Classifier: Framework :: Pydantic
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.14.1
+License-File: LICENSE
+Summary: Core functionality for Pydantic validation and serialization
+Home-Page: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic
+Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, David Montague <david@pydantic.dev>, David Hewitt <mail@davidhewitt.dev>, Sydney Runkle <sydneymarierunkle@gmail.com>, Victorien Plot <contact@vctrn.dev>
+License-Expression: MIT
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown; charset=UTF-8; variant=GFM
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pydantic
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/tree/main/pydantic-core
+
+# pydantic-core
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/workflows/ci/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3Aci)
+[![Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/pydantic/pydantic-core/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/pydantic/pydantic-core)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pydantic-core.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pydantic-core)
+[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pydantic-core.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/pydantic/pydantic-core.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-core/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+This package provides the core functionality for [pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev) validation and serialization.
+
+Pydantic-core is currently around 17x faster than pydantic V1.
+See [`tests/benchmarks/`](./tests/benchmarks/) for details.
+
+## Example of direct usage
+
+*NOTE: You should not need to use pydantic-core directly; instead, use pydantic, which in turn uses pydantic-core.*
+
+```py
+from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, ValidationError
+
+
+v = SchemaValidator(
+    {
+        'type': 'typed-dict',
+        'fields': {
+            'name': {
+                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
+                'schema': {
+                    'type': 'str',
+                },
+            },
+            'age': {
+                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
+                'schema': {
+                    'type': 'int',
+                    'ge': 18,
+                },
+            },
+            'is_developer': {
+                'type': 'typed-dict-field',
+                'schema': {
+                    'type': 'default',
+                    'schema': {'type': 'bool'},
+                    'default': True,
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    }
+)
+
+r1 = v.validate_python({'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 35})
+assert r1 == {'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 35, 'is_developer': True}
+
+# pydantic-core can also validate JSON directly
+r2 = v.validate_json('{"name": "Samuel", "age": 35}')
+assert r1 == r2
+
+try:
+    v.validate_python({'name': 'Samuel', 'age': 11})
+except ValidationError as e:
+    print(e)
+    """
+    1 validation error for model
+    age
+      Input should be greater than or equal to 18
+      [type=greater_than_equal, context={ge: 18}, input_value=11, input_type=int]
+    """
+```
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+You'll need:
+
+1. **[Rust](https://rustup.rs/)** - Rust stable (or nightly for coverage)
+2. **[uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/)** - Fast Python package manager (will install Python 3.9+ automatically)
+3. **[git](https://git-scm.com/)** - For version control
+4. **[make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/)** - For running development commands (or use `nmake` on Windows)
+
+### Quick Start
+
+```bash
+# Clone the repository (or from your fork)
+git clone git@github.com:pydantic/pydantic-core.git
+cd pydantic-core
+
+# Install all dependencies using uv, setup pre-commit hooks, and build the development version
+make install
+```
+
+Verify your installation by running:
+
+```bash
+make
+```
+
+This runs a full development cycle: formatting, building, linting, and testing
+
+### Development Commands
+
+Run `make help` to see all available commands, or use these common ones:
+
+```bash
+make build-dev    # to build the package during development
+make build-prod   # to perform an optimised build for benchmarking
+make test         # to run the tests
+make testcov      # to run the tests and generate a coverage report
+make lint         # to run the linter
+make format       # to format python and rust code
+make all          # to run to run build-dev + format + lint + test
+```
+
+### Useful Resources
+
+* [`python/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi`](./python/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi) - Python API types
+* [`python/pydantic_core/core_schema.py`](./python/pydantic_core/core_schema.py) - Core schema definitions
+* [`tests/`](./tests) - Comprehensive usage examples
+
+## Profiling
+
+It's possible to profile the code using the [`flamegraph` utility from `flamegraph-rs`](https://github.com/flamegraph-rs/flamegraph). (Tested on Linux.) You can install this with `cargo install flamegraph`.
+
+Run `make build-profiling` to install a release build with debugging symbols included (needed for profiling).
+
+Once that is built, you can profile pytest benchmarks with (e.g.):
+
+```bash
+flamegraph -- pytest tests/benchmarks/test_micro_benchmarks.py -k test_list_of_ints_core_py --benchmark-enable
+```
+
+The `flamegraph` command will produce an interactive SVG at `flamegraph.svg`.
+
+## Releasing
+
+TBC (needs to be integrated into `pydantic` repository release process).
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
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+pydantic_core/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87ac959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/WHEEL
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+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: maturin (1.13.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0716871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 Samuel Colvin
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/sboms/pydantic-core.cyclonedx.json b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core-2.46.4.dist-info/sboms/pydantic-core.cyclonedx.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e29816
--- /dev/null
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5facd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys as _sys
+from typing import Any as _Any
+
+from typing_extensions import Sentinel
+
+from ._pydantic_core import (
+    ArgsKwargs,
+    MultiHostUrl,
+    PydanticCustomError,
+    PydanticKnownError,
+    PydanticOmit,
+    PydanticSerializationError,
+    PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue,
+    PydanticUndefined,
+    PydanticUndefinedType,
+    PydanticUseDefault,
+    SchemaError,
+    SchemaSerializer,
+    SchemaValidator,
+    Some,
+    TzInfo,
+    Url,
+    ValidationError,
+    __version__,
+    from_json,
+    to_json,
+    to_jsonable_python,
+)
+from .core_schema import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, CoreSchemaType, ErrorType
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired as _NotRequired
+else:
+    from typing import NotRequired as _NotRequired
+
+if _sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict as _TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict as _TypedDict
+
+__all__ = [
+    '__version__',
+    'UNSET',
+    'CoreConfig',
+    'CoreSchema',
+    'CoreSchemaType',
+    'SchemaValidator',
+    'SchemaSerializer',
+    'Some',
+    'Url',
+    'MultiHostUrl',
+    'ArgsKwargs',
+    'PydanticUndefined',
+    'PydanticUndefinedType',
+    'SchemaError',
+    'ErrorDetails',
+    'InitErrorDetails',
+    'ValidationError',
+    'PydanticCustomError',
+    'PydanticKnownError',
+    'PydanticOmit',
+    'PydanticUseDefault',
+    'PydanticSerializationError',
+    'PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue',
+    'TzInfo',
+    'to_json',
+    'from_json',
+    'to_jsonable_python',
+]
+
+
+class ErrorDetails(_TypedDict):
+    type: str
+    """
+    The type of error that occurred, this is an identifier designed for
+    programmatic use that will change rarely or never.
+
+    `type` is unique for each error message, and can hence be used as an identifier to build custom error messages.
+    """
+    loc: tuple[int | str, ...]
+    """Tuple of strings and ints identifying where in the schema the error occurred."""
+    msg: str
+    """A human readable error message."""
+    input: _Any
+    """The input data at this `loc` that caused the error."""
+    ctx: _NotRequired[dict[str, _Any]]
+    """
+    Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in rendering custom error messages.
+    Also useful for passing custom error data forward.
+    """
+    url: _NotRequired[str]
+    """
+    The documentation URL giving information about the error. No URL is available if
+    a [`PydanticCustomError`][pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError] is used.
+    """
+
+
+class InitErrorDetails(_TypedDict):
+    type: str | PydanticCustomError
+    """The type of error that occurred, this should be a "slug" identifier that changes rarely or never."""
+    loc: _NotRequired[tuple[int | str, ...]]
+    """Tuple of strings and ints identifying where in the schema the error occurred."""
+    input: _Any
+    """The input data at this `loc` that caused the error."""
+    ctx: _NotRequired[dict[str, _Any]]
+    """
+    Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in rendering custom error messages.
+    Also useful for passing custom error data forward.
+    """
+
+
+class ErrorTypeInfo(_TypedDict):
+    """
+    Gives information about errors.
+    """
+
+    type: ErrorType
+    """The type of error that occurred, this should be a "slug" identifier that changes rarely or never."""
+    message_template_python: str
+    """String template to render a human readable error message from using context, when the input is Python."""
+    example_message_python: str
+    """Example of a human readable error message, when the input is Python."""
+    message_template_json: _NotRequired[str]
+    """String template to render a human readable error message from using context, when the input is JSON data."""
+    example_message_json: _NotRequired[str]
+    """Example of a human readable error message, when the input is JSON data."""
+    example_context: dict[str, _Any] | None
+    """Example of context values."""
+
+
+class MultiHostHost(_TypedDict):
+    """
+    A host part of a multi-host URL.
+    """
+
+    username: str | None
+    """The username part of this host, or `None`."""
+    password: str | None
+    """The password part of this host, or `None`."""
+    host: str | None
+    """The host part of this host, or `None`."""
+    port: int | None
+    """The port part of this host, or `None`."""
+
+
+MISSING = Sentinel('MISSING')
+"""A singleton indicating a field value was not provided during validation.
+
+This singleton can be used a default value, as an alternative to `None` when it has
+an explicit meaning. During serialization, any field with `MISSING` as a value is excluded
+from the output.
+
+Example:
+    ```python
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+    from pydantic_core import MISSING
+
+
+    class Configuration(BaseModel):
+        timeout: int | None | MISSING = MISSING
+
+
+    # configuration defaults, stored somewhere else:
+    defaults = {'timeout': 200}
+
+    conf = Configuration.model_validate({...})
+    timeout = conf.timeout if timeout.timeout is not MISSING else defaults['timeout']
+"""
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/_pydantic_core.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@
+import datetime
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, final
+
+from _typeshed import SupportsAllComparisons
+from typing_extensions import LiteralString, Self, TypeAlias
+
+from pydantic_core import ErrorDetails, ErrorTypeInfo, InitErrorDetails, MultiHostHost
+from pydantic_core.core_schema import CoreConfig, CoreSchema, ErrorType, ExtraBehavior
+
+__all__ = [
+    '__version__',
+    'build_profile',
+    'build_info',
+    '_recursion_limit',
+    'ArgsKwargs',
+    'SchemaValidator',
+    'SchemaSerializer',
+    'Url',
+    'MultiHostUrl',
+    'SchemaError',
+    'ValidationError',
+    'PydanticCustomError',
+    'PydanticKnownError',
+    'PydanticOmit',
+    'PydanticUseDefault',
+    'PydanticSerializationError',
+    'PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue',
+    'PydanticUndefined',
+    'PydanticUndefinedType',
+    'Some',
+    'to_json',
+    'from_json',
+    'to_jsonable_python',
+    'list_all_errors',
+    'TzInfo',
+]
+__version__: str
+build_profile: str
+build_info: str
+_recursion_limit: int
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T', default=Any, covariant=True)
+
+_StringInput: TypeAlias = 'dict[str, _StringInput]'
+
+@final
+class Some(Generic[_T]):
+    """
+    Similar to Rust's [`Option::Some`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html) type, this
+    identifies a value as being present, and provides a way to access it.
+
+    Generally used in a union with `None` to different between "some value which could be None" and no value.
+    """
+
+    __match_args__ = ('value',)
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> _T:
+        """
+        Returns the value wrapped by `Some`.
+        """
+    @classmethod
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any, /) -> type[Self]: ...
+
+@final
+class SchemaValidator:
+    """
+    `SchemaValidator` is the Python wrapper for `pydantic-core`'s Rust validation logic, internally it owns one
+    `CombinedValidator` which may in turn own more `CombinedValidator`s which make up the full schema validator.
+    """
+
+    # note: pyo3 currently supports __new__, but not __init__, though we include __init__ stubs
+    # and docstrings here (and in the following classes) for documentation purposes
+
+    def __init__(self, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `SchemaValidator`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            schema: The `CoreSchema` to use for validation.
+            config: Optionally a [`CoreConfig`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] to configure validation.
+            _use_prebuilt: Whether to use pre-built validators (False during rebuilds to avoid stale references).
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The title of the schema, as used in the heading of [`ValidationError.__str__()`][pydantic_core.ValidationError].
+        """
+    def validate_python(
+        self,
+        input: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Validate a Python object against the schema and return the validated object.
+
+        Arguments:
+            input: The Python object to validate.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            from_attributes: Whether to validate objects as inputs to models by extracting attributes.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.from_attributes`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            self_instance: An instance of a model set attributes on from validation, this is used when running
+                validation from the `__init__` method of a model.
+            allow_partial: Whether to allow partial validation; if `True` errors in the last element of sequences
+                and mappings are ignored.
+                `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated object.
+        """
+    def isinstance_python(
+        self,
+        input: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Similar to [`validate_python()`][pydantic_core.SchemaValidator.validate_python] but returns a boolean.
+
+        Arguments match `validate_python()`. This method will not raise `ValidationError`s but will raise internal
+        errors.
+
+        Returns:
+            `True` if validation succeeds, `False` if validation fails.
+        """
+    def validate_json(
+        self,
+        input: str | bytes | bytearray,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        self_instance: Any | None = None,
+        allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Validate JSON data directly against the schema and return the validated Python object.
+
+        This method should be significantly faster than `validate_python(json.loads(json_data))` as it avoids the
+        need to create intermediate Python objects
+
+        It also handles constructing the correct Python type even in strict mode, where
+        `validate_python(json.loads(json_data))` would fail validation.
+
+        Arguments:
+            input: The JSON data to validate.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            self_instance: An instance of a model set attributes on from validation.
+            allow_partial: Whether to allow partial validation; if `True` incomplete JSON will be parsed successfully
+                and errors in the last element of sequences and mappings are ignored.
+                `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails or if the JSON data is invalid.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Python object.
+        """
+    def validate_strings(
+        self,
+        input: _StringInput,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Validate a string against the schema and return the validated Python object.
+
+        This is similar to `validate_json` but applies to scenarios where the input will be a string but not
+        JSON data, e.g. URL fragments, query parameters, etc.
+
+        Arguments:
+            input: The input as a string, or bytes/bytearray if `strict=False`.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            allow_partial: Whether to allow partial validation; if `True` errors in the last element of sequences
+                and mappings are ignored.
+                `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails or if the JSON data is invalid.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            The validated Python object.
+        """
+    def validate_assignment(
+        self,
+        obj: Any,
+        field_name: str,
+        field_value: Any,
+        *,
+        strict: bool | None = None,
+        extra: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+        from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        by_name: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any] | None, set[str]]:
+        """
+        Validate an assignment to a field on a model.
+
+        Arguments:
+            obj: The model instance being assigned to.
+            field_name: The name of the field to validate assignment for.
+            field_value: The value to assign to the field.
+            strict: Whether to validate the object in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            extra: Whether to ignore, allow, or forbid extra data during model validation.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.extra_fields_behavior`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            from_attributes: Whether to validate objects as inputs to models by extracting attributes.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.from_attributes`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+            by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data.
+            by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            Either the model dict or a tuple of `(model_data, model_extra, fields_set)`
+        """
+    def get_default_value(self, *, strict: bool | None = None, context: Any = None) -> Some | None:
+        """
+        Get the default value for the schema, including running default value validation.
+
+        Arguments:
+            strict: Whether to validate the default value in strict mode.
+                If `None`, the value of [`CoreConfig.strict`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] is used.
+            context: The context to use for validation, this is passed to functional validators as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.ValidationInfo.context].
+
+        Raises:
+            ValidationError: If validation fails.
+            Exception: Other error types maybe raised if internal errors occur.
+
+        Returns:
+            `None` if the schema has no default value, otherwise a [`Some`][pydantic_core.Some] containing the default.
+        """
+
+# In reality, `bool` should be replaced by `Literal[True]` but mypy fails to correctly apply bidirectional type inference
+# (e.g. when using `{'a': {'b': True}}`).
+_IncEx: TypeAlias = set[int] | set[str] | Mapping[int, _IncEx | bool] | Mapping[str, _IncEx | bool]
+
+@final
+class SchemaSerializer:
+    """
+    `SchemaSerializer` is the Python wrapper for `pydantic-core`'s Rust serialization logic, internally it owns one
+    `CombinedSerializer` which may in turn own more `CombinedSerializer`s which make up the full schema serializer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `SchemaSerializer`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            schema: The `CoreSchema` to use for serialization.
+            config: Optionally a [`CoreConfig`][pydantic_core.core_schema.CoreConfig] to to configure serialization.
+            _use_prebuilt: Whether to use pre-built validators (False during rebuilds to avoid stale references).
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, schema: CoreSchema, config: CoreConfig | None = None, _use_prebuilt: bool = True) -> Self: ...
+    def to_python(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        mode: str | None = None,
+        include: _IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """
+        Serialize/marshal a Python object to a Python object including transforming and filtering data.
+
+        Arguments:
+            value: The Python object to serialize.
+            mode: The serialization mode to use, either `'python'` or `'json'`, defaults to `'python'`. In JSON mode,
+                all values are converted to JSON compatible types, e.g. `None`, `int`, `float`, `str`, `list`, `dict`.
+            include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+            exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that are not set,
+                e.g. are not included in `__pydantic_fields_set__`.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are equal to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+            round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+            warnings: How to handle invalid fields. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+                if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+        Returns:
+            The serialized Python object.
+        """
+    def to_json(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+        include: _IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool | None = None,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        exclude_computed_fields: bool = False,
+        round_trip: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool | Literal['none', 'warn', 'error'] = True,
+        fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+        context: Any | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a Python object to JSON including transforming and filtering data.
+
+        Arguments:
+            value: The Python object to serialize.
+            indent: If `None`, the JSON will be compact, otherwise it will be pretty-printed with the indent provided.
+            ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+                If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+            include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+            exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+            by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that are not set,
+                e.g. are not included in `__pydantic_fields_set__`.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are equal to their default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            exclude_computed_fields: Whether to exclude computed fields.
+            round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+            warnings: How to handle invalid fields. False/"none" ignores them, True/"warn" logs errors,
+                "error" raises a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError].
+            fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+                if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+            serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+            polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+            context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+                [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+        Raises:
+            PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+        Returns:
+           JSON bytes.
+        """
+
+def to_json(
+    value: Any,
+    *,
+    indent: int | None = None,
+    ensure_ascii: bool = False,
+    include: _IncEx | None = None,
+    exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+    # Note: In Pydantic 2.11, the default value of `by_alias` on `SchemaSerializer` was changed from `True` to `None`,
+    # to be consistent with the Pydantic "dump" methods. However, the default of `True` was kept here for
+    # backwards compatibility. In Pydantic V3, `by_alias` is expected to default to `True` everywhere:
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+    round_trip: bool = False,
+    timedelta_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'float'] = 'iso8601',
+    temporal_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds'] = 'iso8601',
+    bytes_mode: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex'] = 'utf8',
+    inf_nan_mode: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings'] = 'constants',
+    serialize_unknown: bool = False,
+    fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    context: Any | None = None,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Serialize a Python object to JSON including transforming and filtering data.
+
+    This is effectively a standalone version of [`SchemaSerializer.to_json`][pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer.to_json].
+
+    Arguments:
+        value: The Python object to serialize.
+        indent: If `None`, the JSON will be compact, otherwise it will be pretty-printed with the indent provided.
+        ensure_ascii: If `True`, the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped.
+            If `False` (the default), these characters will be output as-is.
+        include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+        exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+        by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+        exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+        round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+        timedelta_mode: How to serialize `timedelta` objects, either `'iso8601'` or `'float'`.
+        temporal_mode: How to serialize datetime-like objects (`datetime`, `date`, `time`), either `'iso8601'`, `'seconds'`, or `'milliseconds'`.
+            `iso8601` returns an ISO 8601 string; `seconds` returns the Unix timestamp in seconds as a float; `milliseconds` returns the Unix timestamp in milliseconds as a float.
+
+        bytes_mode: How to serialize `bytes` objects, either `'utf8'`, `'base64'`, or `'hex'`.
+        inf_nan_mode: How to serialize `Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN` values, either `'null'`, `'constants'`, or `'strings'`.
+        serialize_unknown: Attempt to serialize unknown types, `str(value)` will be used, if that fails
+            `"<Unserializable {value_type} object>"` will be used.
+        fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+            if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+        serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+        polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+        context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+            [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+    Returns:
+       JSON bytes.
+    """
+
+def from_json(
+    data: str | bytes | bytearray,
+    *,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool = True,
+    cache_strings: bool | Literal['all', 'keys', 'none'] = True,
+    allow_partial: bool | Literal['off', 'on', 'trailing-strings'] = False,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Deserialize JSON data to a Python object.
+
+    This is effectively a faster version of `json.loads()`, with some extra functionality.
+
+    Arguments:
+        data: The JSON data to deserialize.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow `Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN` values as `json.loads()` does by default.
+        cache_strings: Whether to cache strings to avoid constructing new Python objects,
+            this should have a significant impact on performance while increasing memory usage slightly,
+            `all/True` means cache all strings, `keys` means cache only dict keys, `none/False` means no caching.
+        allow_partial: Whether to allow partial deserialization, if `True` JSON data is returned if the end of the
+            input is reached before the full object is deserialized, e.g. `["aa", "bb", "c` would return `['aa', 'bb']`.
+            `'trailing-strings'` means any final unfinished JSON string is included in the result.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If deserialization fails.
+
+    Returns:
+        The deserialized Python object.
+    """
+
+def to_jsonable_python(
+    value: Any,
+    *,
+    include: _IncEx | None = None,
+    exclude: _IncEx | None = None,
+    # Note: In Pydantic 2.11, the default value of `by_alias` on `SchemaSerializer` was changed from `True` to `None`,
+    # to be consistent with the Pydantic "dump" methods. However, the default of `True` was kept here for
+    # backwards compatibility. In Pydantic V3, `by_alias` is expected to default to `True` everywhere:
+    by_alias: bool = True,
+    exclude_none: bool = False,
+    round_trip: bool = False,
+    timedelta_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'float'] = 'iso8601',
+    temporal_mode: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds'] = 'iso8601',
+    bytes_mode: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex'] = 'utf8',
+    inf_nan_mode: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings'] = 'constants',
+    serialize_unknown: bool = False,
+    fallback: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool | None = None,
+    context: Any | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Serialize/marshal a Python object to a JSON-serializable Python object including transforming and filtering data.
+
+    This is effectively a standalone version of
+    [`SchemaSerializer.to_python(mode='json')`][pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer.to_python].
+
+    Args:
+        value: The Python object to serialize.
+        include: A set of fields to include, if `None` all fields are included.
+        exclude: A set of fields to exclude, if `None` no fields are excluded.
+        by_alias: Whether to use the alias names of fields.
+        exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+        round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and validation round-trip support.
+        timedelta_mode: How to serialize `timedelta` objects, either `'iso8601'` or `'float'`.
+        temporal_mode: How to serialize datetime-like objects (`datetime`, `date`, `time`), either `'iso8601'`, `'seconds'`, or `'milliseconds'`.
+            `iso8601` returns an ISO 8601 string; `seconds` returns the Unix timestamp in seconds as a float; `milliseconds` returns the Unix timestamp in milliseconds as a float.
+
+        bytes_mode: How to serialize `bytes` objects, either `'utf8'`, `'base64'`, or `'hex'`.
+        inf_nan_mode: How to serialize `Infinity`, `-Infinity` and `NaN` values, either `'null'`, `'constants'`, or `'strings'`.
+        serialize_unknown: Attempt to serialize unknown types, `str(value)` will be used, if that fails
+            `"<Unserializable {value_type} object>"` will be used.
+        fallback: A function to call when an unknown value is encountered,
+            if `None` a [`PydanticSerializationError`][pydantic_core.PydanticSerializationError] error is raised.
+        serialize_as_any: Whether to serialize fields with duck-typing serialization behavior.
+        polymorphic_serialization: Whether to use model and dataclass polymorphic serialization for this call.
+        context: The context to use for serialization, this is passed to functional serializers as
+            [`info.context`][pydantic_core.core_schema.SerializationInfo.context].
+
+    Raises:
+        PydanticSerializationError: If serialization fails and no `fallback` function is provided.
+
+    Returns:
+        The serialized Python object.
+    """
+
+class Url(SupportsAllComparisons):
+    """
+    A URL type, internal logic uses the [url rust crate](https://docs.rs/url/latest/url/) originally developed
+    by Mozilla.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None: ...
+    def __new__(cls, url: str) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def unicode_host(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None: ...
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]: ...
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> str: ...
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self: ...
+
+class MultiHostUrl(SupportsAllComparisons):
+    """
+    A URL type with support for multiple hosts, as used by some databases for DSNs, e.g. `https://foo.com,bar.com/path`.
+
+    Internal URL logic uses the [url rust crate](https://docs.rs/url/latest/url/) originally developed
+    by Mozilla.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url: str) -> None: ...
+    def __new__(cls, url: str) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str: ...
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def query_params(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]: ...
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str | None: ...
+    def hosts(self) -> list[MultiHostHost]: ...
+    def unicode_string(self) -> str: ...
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> Self: ...
+    @classmethod
+    def build(
+        cls,
+        *,
+        scheme: str,
+        hosts: list[MultiHostHost] | None = None,
+        username: str | None = None,
+        password: str | None = None,
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        query: str | None = None,
+        fragment: str | None = None,
+    ) -> Self: ...
+
+@final
+class SchemaError(Exception):
+    """
+    Information about errors that occur while building a [`SchemaValidator`][pydantic_core.SchemaValidator]
+    or [`SchemaSerializer`][pydantic_core.SchemaSerializer].
+    """
+
+    def error_count(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            The number of errors in the schema.
+        """
+    def errors(self) -> list[ErrorDetails]:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            A list of [`ErrorDetails`][pydantic_core.ErrorDetails] for each error in the schema.
+        """
+
+class ValidationError(ValueError):
+    """
+    `ValidationError` is the exception raised by `pydantic-core` when validation fails, it contains a list of errors
+    which detail why validation failed.
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_exception_data(
+        cls,
+        title: str,
+        line_errors: list[InitErrorDetails],
+        input_type: Literal['python', 'json'] = 'python',
+        hide_input: bool = False,
+    ) -> Self:
+        """
+        Python constructor for a Validation Error.
+
+        Arguments:
+            title: The title of the error, as used in the heading of `str(validation_error)`
+            line_errors: A list of [`InitErrorDetails`][pydantic_core.InitErrorDetails] which contain information
+                about errors that occurred during validation.
+            input_type: Whether the error is for a Python object or JSON.
+            hide_input: Whether to hide the input value in the error message.
+        """
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The title of the error, as used in the heading of `str(validation_error)`.
+        """
+    def error_count(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            The number of errors in the validation error.
+        """
+    def errors(
+        self, *, include_url: bool = True, include_context: bool = True, include_input: bool = True
+    ) -> list[ErrorDetails]:
+        """
+        Details about each error in the validation error.
+
+        Args:
+            include_url: Whether to include a URL to documentation on the error each error.
+            include_context: Whether to include the context of each error.
+            include_input: Whether to include the input value of each error.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of [`ErrorDetails`][pydantic_core.ErrorDetails] for each error in the validation error.
+        """
+    def json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = None,
+        include_url: bool = True,
+        include_context: bool = True,
+        include_input: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Same as [`errors()`][pydantic_core.ValidationError.errors] but returns a JSON string.
+
+        Args:
+            indent: The number of spaces to indent the JSON by, or `None` for no indentation - compact JSON.
+            include_url: Whether to include a URL to documentation on the error each error.
+            include_context: Whether to include the context of each error.
+            include_input: Whether to include the input value of each error.
+
+        Returns:
+            a JSON string.
+        """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        A string representation of the validation error.
+
+        Whether or not documentation URLs are included in the repr is controlled by the
+        environment variable `PYDANTIC_ERRORS_INCLUDE_URL` being set to `1` or
+        `true`; by default, URLs are shown.
+
+        Due to implementation details, this environment variable can only be set once,
+        before the first validation error is created.
+        """
+
+class PydanticCustomError(ValueError):
+    """A custom exception providing flexible error handling for Pydantic validators.
+
+    You can raise this error in custom validators when you'd like flexibility in regards to the error type, message, and context.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticCustomError
+
+        def custom_validator(v) -> None:
+            if v <= 10:
+                raise PydanticCustomError('custom_value_error', 'Value must be greater than {value}', {'value': 10, 'extra_context': 'extra_data'})
+            return v
+        ```
+
+    Arguments:
+        error_type: The error type.
+        message_template: The message template.
+        context: The data to inject into the message template.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, error_type: LiteralString, message_template: LiteralString, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None, /
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in passing error data forward."""
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> str:
+        """The error type associated with the error. For consistency with Pydantic, this is typically a snake_case string."""
+
+    @property
+    def message_template(self) -> str:
+        """The message template associated with the error. This is a string that can be formatted with context variables in `{curly_braces}`."""
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        """The formatted message associated with the error. This presents as the message template with context variables appropriately injected."""
+
+@final
+class PydanticKnownError(ValueError):
+    """A helper class for raising exceptions that mimic Pydantic's built-in exceptions, with more flexibility in regards to context.
+
+    Unlike [`PydanticCustomError`][pydantic_core.PydanticCustomError], the `error_type` argument must be a known `ErrorType`.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticKnownError
+
+        def custom_validator(v) -> None:
+            if v <= 10:
+                raise PydanticKnownError('greater_than', {'gt': 10})
+            return v
+        ```
+
+    Arguments:
+        error_type: The error type.
+        context: The data to inject into the message template.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, error_type: ErrorType, context: dict[str, Any] | None = None, /) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """Values which are required to render the error message, and could hence be useful in passing error data forward."""
+
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> ErrorType:
+        """The type of the error."""
+
+    @property
+    def message_template(self) -> str:
+        """The message template associated with the provided error type. This is a string that can be formatted with context variables in `{curly_braces}`."""
+
+    def message(self) -> str:
+        """The formatted message associated with the error. This presents as the message template with context variables appropriately injected."""
+
+@final
+class PydanticOmit(Exception):
+    """An exception to signal that a field should be omitted from a generated result.
+
+    This could span from omitting a field from a JSON Schema to omitting a field from a serialized result.
+    Upcoming: more robust support for using PydanticOmit in custom serializers is still in development.
+    Right now, this is primarily used in the JSON Schema generation process.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from typing import Callable
+
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticOmit
+
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+        from pydantic.json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema, JsonSchemaValue
+
+
+        class MyGenerateJsonSchema(GenerateJsonSchema):
+            def handle_invalid_for_json_schema(self, schema, error_info) -> JsonSchemaValue:
+                raise PydanticOmit
+
+
+        class Predicate(BaseModel):
+            name: str = 'no-op'
+            func: Callable = lambda x: x
+
+
+        instance_example = Predicate()
+
+        validation_schema = instance_example.model_json_schema(schema_generator=MyGenerateJsonSchema, mode='validation')
+        print(validation_schema)
+        '''
+        {'properties': {'name': {'default': 'no-op', 'title': 'Name', 'type': 'string'}}, 'title': 'Predicate', 'type': 'object'}
+        '''
+        ```
+
+    For a more in depth example / explanation, see the [customizing JSON schema](../concepts/json_schema.md#customizing-the-json-schema-generation-process) docs.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Self: ...
+
+@final
+class PydanticUseDefault(Exception):
+    """An exception to signal that standard validation either failed or should be skipped, and the default value should be used instead.
+
+    This warning can be raised in custom validation functions to redirect the flow of validation.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticUseDefault
+        from datetime import datetime
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
+
+
+        class Event(BaseModel):
+            name: str = 'meeting'
+            time: datetime
+
+            @field_validator('name', mode='plain')
+            def name_must_be_present(cls, v) -> str:
+                if not v or not isinstance(v, str):
+                    raise PydanticUseDefault()
+                return v
+
+
+        event1 = Event(name='party', time=datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0))
+        print(repr(event1))
+        # > Event(name='party', time=datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0))
+        event2 = Event(time=datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0))
+        print(repr(event2))
+        # > Event(name='meeting', time=datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0))
+        ```
+
+    For an additional example, see the [validating partial json data](../concepts/json.md#partial-json-parsing) section of the Pydantic documentation.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls) -> Self: ...
+
+@final
+class PydanticSerializationError(ValueError):
+    """An error raised when an issue occurs during serialization.
+
+    In custom serializers, this error can be used to indicate that serialization has failed.
+
+    Arguments:
+        message: The message associated with the error.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, /) -> None: ...
+
+@final
+class PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(ValueError):
+    """An error raised when an unexpected value is encountered during serialization.
+
+    This error is often caught and coerced into a warning, as `pydantic-core` generally makes a best attempt
+    at serializing values, in contrast with validation where errors are eagerly raised.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic import BaseModel, field_serializer
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue
+
+        class BasicPoint(BaseModel):
+            x: int
+            y: int
+
+            @field_serializer('*')
+            def serialize(self, v):
+                if not isinstance(v, int):
+                    raise PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(f'Expected type `int`, got {type(v)} with value {v}')
+                return v
+
+        point = BasicPoint(x=1, y=2)
+        # some sort of mutation
+        point.x = 'a'
+
+        print(point.model_dump())
+        '''
+        UserWarning: Pydantic serializer warnings:
+        PydanticSerializationUnexpectedValue(Expected type `int`, got <class 'str'> with value a)
+        return self.__pydantic_serializer__.to_python(
+        {'x': 'a', 'y': 2}
+        '''
+        ```
+
+    This is often used internally in `pydantic-core` when unexpected types are encountered during serialization,
+    but it can also be used by users in custom serializers, as seen above.
+
+    Arguments:
+        message: The message associated with the unexpected value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, /) -> None: ...
+
+@final
+class ArgsKwargs:
+    """A construct used to store arguments and keyword arguments for a function call.
+
+    This data structure is generally used to store information for core schemas associated with functions (like in an arguments schema).
+    This data structure is also currently used for some validation against dataclasses.
+
+    Example:
+        ```py
+        from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass
+        from pydantic import model_validator
+
+
+        @dataclass
+        class Model:
+            a: int
+            b: int
+
+            @model_validator(mode="before")
+            @classmethod
+            def no_op_validator(cls, values):
+                print(values)
+                return values
+
+        Model(1, b=2)
+        #> ArgsKwargs((1,), {"b": 2})
+
+        Model(1, 2)
+        #> ArgsKwargs((1, 2), {})
+
+        Model(a=1, b=2)
+        #> ArgsKwargs((), {"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `ArgsKwargs`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            args: The arguments (inherently ordered) for a function call.
+            kwargs: The keyword arguments for a function call
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Self: ...
+    @property
+    def args(self) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
+        """The arguments (inherently ordered) for a function call."""
+
+    @property
+    def kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """The keyword arguments for a function call."""
+
+@final
+class PydanticUndefinedType:
+    """A type used as a sentinel for undefined values."""
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Any) -> Self: ...
+
+PydanticUndefined: PydanticUndefinedType
+
+def list_all_errors() -> list[ErrorTypeInfo]:
+    """
+    Get information about all built-in errors.
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of `ErrorTypeInfo` typed dicts.
+    """
+@final
+class TzInfo(datetime.tzinfo):
+    """An `pydantic-core` implementation of the abstract [`datetime.tzinfo`][] class."""
+
+    def __init__(self, seconds: float = 0.0) -> None:
+        """Initializes the `TzInfo`.
+
+        Arguments:
+            seconds: The offset from UTC in seconds. Defaults to 0.0 (UTC).
+        """
+
+    def __new__(cls, seconds: float = 0.0) -> Self: ...
+
+    # Docstrings for attributes sourced from the abstract base class, [`datetime.tzinfo`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.tzinfo).
+
+    def tzname(self, dt: datetime.datetime | None) -> str | None:
+        """Return the time zone name corresponding to the [`datetime`][datetime.datetime] object _dt_, as a string.
+
+        For more info, see [`tzinfo.tzname`][datetime.tzinfo.tzname].
+        """
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt: datetime.datetime | None) -> datetime.timedelta | None:
+        """Return offset of local time from UTC, as a [`timedelta`][datetime.timedelta] object that is positive east of UTC. If local time is west of UTC, this should be negative.
+
+        More info can be found at [`tzinfo.utcoffset`][datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset].
+        """
+
+    def dst(self, dt: datetime.datetime | None) -> datetime.timedelta | None:
+        """Return the daylight saving time (DST) adjustment, as a [`timedelta`][datetime.timedelta] object or `None` if DST information isn’t known.
+
+        More info can be found at[`tzinfo.dst`][datetime.tzinfo.dst]."""
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
+        """Adjust the date and time data associated datetime object _dt_, returning an equivalent datetime in self’s local time.
+
+        More info can be found at [`tzinfo.fromutc`][datetime.tzinfo.fromutc]."""
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, _memo: dict[Any, Any]) -> TzInfo: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/core_schema.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/core_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ff202c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/core_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4461 @@
+"""
+This module contains definitions to build schemas which `pydantic_core` can
+validate and serialize.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
+
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Hashable, Mapping
+from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Literal, Union
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeVar, deprecated
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+    from typing_extensions import Protocol, Required, TypeAlias
+else:
+    from typing import Protocol, Required, TypeAlias
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+else:
+    # The initial build of pydantic_core requires PydanticUndefined to generate
+    # the core schema; so we need to conditionally skip it. mypy doesn't like
+    # this at all, hence the TYPE_CHECKING branch above.
+    try:
+        from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined
+    except ImportError:
+        PydanticUndefined = object()
+
+
+ExtraBehavior = Literal['allow', 'forbid', 'ignore']
+
+
+class CoreConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """
+    Base class for schema configuration options.
+
+    Attributes:
+        title: The name of the configuration.
+        strict: Whether the configuration should strictly adhere to specified rules.
+        extra_fields_behavior: The behavior for handling extra fields.
+        typed_dict_total: Whether the TypedDict should be considered total. Default is `True`.
+        from_attributes: Whether to use attributes for models, dataclasses, and tagged union keys.
+        loc_by_alias: Whether to use the used alias (or first alias for "field required" errors) instead of
+            `field_names` to construct error `loc`s. Default is `True`.
+        revalidate_instances: Whether instances of models and dataclasses should re-validate. Default is 'never'.
+        validate_default: Whether to validate default values during validation. Default is `False`.
+        str_max_length: The maximum length for string fields.
+        str_min_length: The minimum length for string fields.
+        str_strip_whitespace: Whether to strip whitespace from string fields.
+        str_to_lower: Whether to convert string fields to lowercase.
+        str_to_upper: Whether to convert string fields to uppercase.
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow infinity and NaN values for float fields. Default is `True`.
+        ser_json_timedelta: The serialization option for `timedelta` values. Default is 'iso8601'.
+            Note that if ser_json_temporal is set, then this param will be ignored.
+        ser_json_temporal: The serialization option for datetime like values. Default is 'iso8601'.
+            The types this covers are datetime, date, time and timedelta.
+            If this is set, it will take precedence over ser_json_timedelta
+        ser_json_bytes: The serialization option for `bytes` values. Default is 'utf8'.
+        ser_json_inf_nan: The serialization option for infinity and NaN values
+            in float fields. Default is 'null'.
+        val_json_bytes: The validation option for `bytes` values, complementing ser_json_bytes. Default is 'utf8'.
+        hide_input_in_errors: Whether to hide input data from `ValidationError` representation.
+        validation_error_cause: Whether to add user-python excs to the __cause__ of a ValidationError.
+            Requires exceptiongroup backport pre Python 3.11.
+        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
+        regex_engine: The regex engine to use for regex pattern validation. Default is 'rust-regex'. See `StringSchema`.
+        cache_strings: Whether to cache strings. Default is `True`, `True` or `'all'` is required to cache strings
+            during general validation since validators don't know if they're in a key or a value.
+        validate_by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias when validating against the provided input data. Default is `True`.
+        validate_by_name: Whether to use the field's name when validating against the provided input data. Default is `False`. Replacement for `populate_by_name`.
+        serialize_by_alias: Whether to serialize by alias. Default is `False`, expected to change to `True` in V3.
+        polymorphic_serialization: Whether to enable polymorphic serialization for models and dataclasses. Default is `False`.
+        url_preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve empty URL paths when validating values for a URL type. Defaults to `False`.
+    """
+
+    title: str
+    strict: bool
+    # settings related to typed dicts, model fields, dataclass fields
+    extra_fields_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    typed_dict_total: bool  # default: True
+    # used for models, dataclasses, and tagged union keys
+    from_attributes: bool
+    # whether to use the used alias (or first alias for "field required" errors) instead of field_names
+    # to construct error `loc`s, default True
+    loc_by_alias: bool
+    # whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances) should re-validate, default 'never'
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']
+    # whether to validate default values during validation, default False
+    validate_default: bool
+    # used on typed-dicts and arguments
+    # fields related to string fields only
+    str_max_length: int
+    str_min_length: int
+    str_strip_whitespace: bool
+    str_to_lower: bool
+    str_to_upper: bool
+    # fields related to float fields only
+    allow_inf_nan: bool  # default: True
+    # the config options are used to customise serialization to JSON
+    ser_json_timedelta: Literal['iso8601', 'float']  # default: 'iso8601'
+    ser_json_temporal: Literal['iso8601', 'seconds', 'milliseconds']  # default: 'iso8601'
+    ser_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']  # default: 'utf8'
+    ser_json_inf_nan: Literal['null', 'constants', 'strings']  # default: 'null'
+    val_json_bytes: Literal['utf8', 'base64', 'hex']  # default: 'utf8'
+    # used to hide input data from ValidationError repr
+    hide_input_in_errors: bool
+    validation_error_cause: bool  # default: False
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool  # default: False
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']  # default: 'rust-regex'
+    cache_strings: Union[bool, Literal['all', 'keys', 'none']]  # default: 'True'
+    validate_by_alias: bool  # default: True
+    validate_by_name: bool  # default: False
+    serialize_by_alias: bool  # default: False
+    polymorphic_serialization: bool  # default: False
+    url_preserve_empty_path: bool  # default: False
+
+
+IncExCall: TypeAlias = 'set[int | str] | dict[int | str, IncExCall] | None'
+
+ContextT = TypeVar('ContextT', covariant=True, default='Any | None')
+
+
+class SerializationInfo(Protocol[ContextT]):
+    """Extra data used during serialization."""
+
+    @property
+    def include(self) -> IncExCall:
+        """The `include` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude(self) -> IncExCall:
+        """The `exclude` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> ContextT:
+        """The current serialization context."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> Literal['python', 'json'] | str:
+        """The serialization mode set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def by_alias(self) -> bool:
+        """The `by_alias` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_unset(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_unset` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_defaults(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_defaults` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_none(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_none` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def exclude_computed_fields(self) -> bool:
+        """The `exclude_computed_fields` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def serialize_as_any(self) -> bool:
+        """The `serialize_as_any` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def polymorphic_serialization(self) -> bool | None:
+        """The `polymorphic_serialization` argument set during serialization, if any."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def round_trip(self) -> bool:
+        """The `round_trip` argument set during serialization."""
+        ...
+
+    def mode_is_json(self) -> bool: ...
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str: ...
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
+
+
+class FieldSerializationInfo(SerializationInfo[ContextT], Protocol):
+    """Extra data used during field serialization."""
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str:
+        """The name of the current field being serialized."""
+        ...
+
+
+class ValidationInfo(Protocol[ContextT]):
+    """Extra data used during validation."""
+
+    @property
+    def context(self) -> ContextT:
+        """The current validation context."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def config(self) -> CoreConfig | None:
+        """The CoreConfig that applies to this validation."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> Literal['python', 'json']:
+        """The type of input data we are currently validating."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """The data being validated for this model."""
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        The name of the current field being validated if this validator is
+        attached to a model field.
+        """
+        ...
+
+
+ExpectedSerializationTypes = Literal[
+    'none',
+    'int',
+    'bool',
+    'float',
+    'str',
+    'bytes',
+    'bytearray',
+    'list',
+    'tuple',
+    'set',
+    'frozenset',
+    'generator',
+    'dict',
+    'datetime',
+    'date',
+    'time',
+    'timedelta',
+    'url',
+    'multi-host-url',
+    'json',
+    'uuid',
+    'any',
+]
+
+
+class SimpleSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[ExpectedSerializationTypes]
+
+
+def simple_ser_schema(type: ExpectedSerializationTypes) -> SimpleSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization with a custom type.
+
+    Args:
+        type: The type to use for serialization
+    """
+    return SimpleSerSchema(type=type)
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+GeneralPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any], Any]
+# (input_value: Any, info: FieldSerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+GeneralPlainInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+FieldPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, info: FieldSerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+FieldPlainInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any, FieldSerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+SerializerFunction = Union[
+    GeneralPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    GeneralPlainInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldPlainNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldPlainInfoSerializerFunction,
+]
+
+WhenUsed = Literal['always', 'unless-none', 'json', 'json-unless-none']
+"""
+Values have the following meanings:
+
+* `'always'` means always use
+* `'unless-none'` means use unless the value is `None`
+* `'json'` means use when serializing to JSON
+* `'json-unless-none'` means use when serializing to JSON and the value is not `None`
+"""
+
+
+class PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-plain']]
+    function: Required[SerializerFunction]
+    is_field_serializer: bool  # default False
+    info_arg: bool  # default False
+    return_schema: CoreSchema  # if omitted, AnySchema is used
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'always'
+
+
+def plain_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+    function: SerializerFunction,
+    *,
+    is_field_serializer: bool | None = None,
+    info_arg: bool | None = None,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+) -> PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization with a function, can be either a "general" or "field" function.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to use for serialization
+        is_field_serializer: Whether the serializer is for a field, e.g. takes `model` as the first argument,
+            and `info` includes `field_name`
+        info_arg: Whether the function takes an `info` argument
+        return_schema: Schema to use for serializing return value
+        when_used: When the function should be called
+    """
+    if when_used == 'always':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        when_used = None  # type: ignore
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-plain',
+        function=function,
+        is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+        info_arg=info_arg,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        when_used=when_used,
+    )
+
+
+class SerializerFunctionWrapHandler(Protocol):  # pragma: no cover
+    def __call__(self, input_value: Any, index_key: int | str | None = None, /) -> Any: ...
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+GeneralWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+# (input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: SerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+GeneralWrapInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, SerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+FieldWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+# (model: Any, input_value: Any, serializer: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, info: FieldSerializationInfo, /) -> Any
+FieldWrapInfoSerializerFunction = Callable[[Any, Any, SerializerFunctionWrapHandler, FieldSerializationInfo[Any]], Any]
+WrapSerializerFunction = Union[
+    GeneralWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    GeneralWrapInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldWrapNoInfoSerializerFunction,
+    FieldWrapInfoSerializerFunction,
+]
+
+
+class WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-wrap']]
+    function: Required[WrapSerializerFunction]
+    is_field_serializer: bool  # default False
+    info_arg: bool  # default False
+    schema: CoreSchema  # if omitted, the schema on which this serializer is defined is used
+    return_schema: CoreSchema  # if omitted, AnySchema is used
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'always'
+
+
+def wrap_serializer_function_ser_schema(
+    function: WrapSerializerFunction,
+    *,
+    is_field_serializer: bool | None = None,
+    info_arg: bool | None = None,
+    schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    when_used: WhenUsed = 'always',
+) -> WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization with a wrap function, can be either a "general" or "field" function.
+
+    Args:
+        function: The function to use for serialization
+        is_field_serializer: Whether the serializer is for a field, e.g. takes `model` as the first argument,
+            and `info` includes `field_name`
+        info_arg: Whether the function takes an `info` argument
+        schema: The schema to use for the inner serialization
+        return_schema: Schema to use for serializing return value
+        when_used: When the function should be called
+    """
+    if when_used == 'always':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        when_used = None  # type: ignore
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-wrap',
+        function=function,
+        is_field_serializer=is_field_serializer,
+        info_arg=info_arg,
+        schema=schema,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        when_used=when_used,
+    )
+
+
+class FormatSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['format']]
+    formatting_string: Required[str]
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'json-unless-none'
+
+
+def format_ser_schema(formatting_string: str, *, when_used: WhenUsed = 'json-unless-none') -> FormatSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization using python's `format` method.
+
+    Args:
+        formatting_string: String defining the format to use
+        when_used: Same meaning as for [general_function_plain_ser_schema], but with a different default
+    """
+    if when_used == 'json-unless-none':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        when_used = None  # type: ignore
+    return _dict_not_none(type='format', formatting_string=formatting_string, when_used=when_used)
+
+
+class ToStringSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['to-string']]
+    when_used: WhenUsed  # default: 'json-unless-none'
+
+
+def to_string_ser_schema(*, when_used: WhenUsed = 'json-unless-none') -> ToStringSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization using python's `str()` / `__str__` method.
+
+    Args:
+        when_used: Same meaning as for [general_function_plain_ser_schema], but with a different default
+    """
+    s = dict(type='to-string')
+    if when_used != 'json-unless-none':
+        # just to avoid extra elements in schema, and to use the actual default defined in rust
+        s['when_used'] = when_used
+    return s  # type: ignore
+
+
+class ModelSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+
+
+def model_ser_schema(cls: type[Any], schema: CoreSchema) -> ModelSerSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for serialization using a model.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The expected class type, used to generate warnings if the wrong type is passed
+        schema: Internal schema to use to serialize the model dict
+    """
+    return ModelSerSchema(type='model', cls=cls, schema=schema)
+
+
+SerSchema = Union[
+    SimpleSerSchema,
+    PlainSerializerFunctionSerSchema,
+    WrapSerializerFunctionSerSchema,
+    FormatSerSchema,
+    ToStringSerSchema,
+    ModelSerSchema,
+]
+
+
+class InvalidSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['invalid']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    # note, we never plan to use this, but include it for type checking purposes to match
+    # all other CoreSchema union members
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def invalid_schema(ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> InvalidSchema:
+    """
+    Returns an invalid schema, used to indicate that a schema is invalid.
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+
+    return _dict_not_none(type='invalid', ref=ref, metadata=metadata)
+
+
+class ComputedField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['computed-field']]
+    property_name: Required[str]
+    return_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    alias: str
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def computed_field(
+    property_name: str,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> ComputedField:
+    """
+    ComputedFields are properties of a model or dataclass that are included in serialization.
+
+    Args:
+        property_name: The name of the property on the model or dataclass
+        return_schema: The schema used for the type returned by the computed field
+        alias: The name to use in the serialized output
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='computed-field',
+        property_name=property_name,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        alias=alias,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+class AnySchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['any']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def any_schema(
+    *, ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None, serialization: SerSchema | None = None
+) -> AnySchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches any value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.any_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(1) == 1
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='any', ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class NoneSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['none']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def none_schema(
+    *, ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None, serialization: SerSchema | None = None
+) -> NoneSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a None value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.none_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(None) is None
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='none', ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class BoolSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['bool']]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def bool_schema(
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BoolSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a bool value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.bool_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('True') is True
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a bool or a value that can be converted to a bool
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='bool', strict=strict, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class IntSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['int']]
+    multiple_of: int
+    le: int
+    ge: int
+    lt: int
+    gt: int
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def int_schema(
+    *,
+    multiple_of: int | None = None,
+    le: int | None = None,
+    ge: int | None = None,
+    lt: int | None = None,
+    gt: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> IntSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a int value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.int_schema(multiple_of=2, le=6, ge=2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('4') == 4
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this number
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this number
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this number
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this number
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this number
+        strict: Whether the value should be a int or a value that can be converted to a int
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='int',
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class FloatSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['float']]
+    allow_inf_nan: bool  # whether 'NaN', '+inf', '-inf' should be forbidden. default: True
+    multiple_of: float
+    le: float
+    ge: float
+    lt: float
+    gt: float
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def float_schema(
+    *,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+    multiple_of: float | None = None,
+    le: float | None = None,
+    ge: float | None = None,
+    lt: float | None = None,
+    gt: float | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> FloatSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a float value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.float_schema(le=0.8, ge=0.2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('0.5') == 0.5
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow inf and nan values
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this number
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this number
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this number
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this number
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this number
+        strict: Whether the value should be a float or a value that can be converted to a float
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='float',
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DecimalSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['decimal']]
+    allow_inf_nan: bool  # whether 'NaN', '+inf', '-inf' should be forbidden. default: False
+    multiple_of: Decimal
+    le: Decimal
+    ge: Decimal
+    lt: Decimal
+    gt: Decimal
+    max_digits: int
+    decimal_places: int
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def decimal_schema(
+    *,
+    allow_inf_nan: bool | None = None,
+    multiple_of: Decimal | None = None,
+    le: Decimal | None = None,
+    ge: Decimal | None = None,
+    lt: Decimal | None = None,
+    gt: Decimal | None = None,
+    max_digits: int | None = None,
+    decimal_places: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DecimalSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a decimal value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from decimal import Decimal
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.decimal_schema(le=0.8, ge=0.2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('0.5') == Decimal('0.5')
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        allow_inf_nan: Whether to allow inf and nan values
+        multiple_of: The value must be a multiple of this number
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this number
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this number
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this number
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this number
+        max_digits: The maximum number of decimal digits allowed
+        decimal_places: The maximum number of decimal places allowed
+        strict: Whether the value should be a float or a value that can be converted to a float
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='decimal',
+        gt=gt,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        le=le,
+        max_digits=max_digits,
+        decimal_places=decimal_places,
+        multiple_of=multiple_of,
+        allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ComplexSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['complex']]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def complex_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ComplexSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a complex value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.complex_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('1+2j') == complex(1, 2)
+    assert v.validate_python(complex(1, 2)) == complex(1, 2)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a complex object instance or a value that can be converted to a complex object
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='complex',
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class StringSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['str']]
+    pattern: Union[str, Pattern[str]]
+    max_length: int
+    min_length: int
+    strip_whitespace: bool
+    to_lower: bool
+    to_upper: bool
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re']  # default: 'rust-regex'
+    strict: bool
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def str_schema(
+    *,
+    pattern: str | Pattern[str] | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    strip_whitespace: bool | None = None,
+    to_lower: bool | None = None,
+    to_upper: bool | None = None,
+    regex_engine: Literal['rust-regex', 'python-re'] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    coerce_numbers_to_str: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> StringSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a string value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.str_schema(max_length=10, min_length=2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        pattern: A regex pattern that the value must match
+        max_length: The value must be at most this length
+        min_length: The value must be at least this length
+        strip_whitespace: Whether to strip whitespace from the value
+        to_lower: Whether to convert the value to lowercase
+        to_upper: Whether to convert the value to uppercase
+        regex_engine: The regex engine to use for pattern validation. Default is 'rust-regex'.
+            - `rust-regex` uses the [`regex`](https://docs.rs/regex) Rust
+              crate, which is non-backtracking and therefore more DDoS
+              resistant, but does not support all regex features.
+            - `python-re` use the [`re`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html) module,
+              which supports all regex features, but may be slower.
+        strict: Whether the value should be a string or a value that can be converted to a string
+        coerce_numbers_to_str: Whether to enable coercion of any `Number` type to `str` (not applicable in `strict` mode).
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='str',
+        pattern=pattern,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        strip_whitespace=strip_whitespace,
+        to_lower=to_lower,
+        to_upper=to_upper,
+        regex_engine=regex_engine,
+        strict=strict,
+        coerce_numbers_to_str=coerce_numbers_to_str,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class BytesSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['bytes']]
+    max_length: int
+    min_length: int
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def bytes_schema(
+    *,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BytesSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a bytes value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.bytes_schema(max_length=10, min_length=2)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(b'hello') == b'hello'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        max_length: The value must be at most this length
+        min_length: The value must be at least this length
+        strict: Whether the value should be a bytes or a value that can be converted to a bytes
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='bytes',
+        max_length=max_length,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DateSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['date']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: date
+    ge: date
+    lt: date
+    gt: date
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future']
+    # defaults to current local utc offset from `time.localtime().tm_gmtoff`
+    # value is restricted to -86_400 < offset < 86_400:
+    now_utc_offset: int
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def date_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: date | None = None,
+    ge: date | None = None,
+    lt: date | None = None,
+    gt: date | None = None,
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future'] | None = None,
+    now_utc_offset: int | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DateSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a date value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import date
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.date_schema(le=date(2020, 1, 1), ge=date(2019, 1, 1))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(date(2019, 6, 1)) == date(2019, 6, 1)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a date or a value that can be converted to a date
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this date
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this date
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this date
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this date
+        now_op: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current date
+        now_utc_offset: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current date with this utc offset
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='date',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        now_op=now_op,
+        now_utc_offset=now_utc_offset,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TimeSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['time']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: time
+    ge: time
+    lt: time
+    gt: time
+    tz_constraint: Union[Literal['aware', 'naive'], int]
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error']
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def time_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: time | None = None,
+    ge: time | None = None,
+    lt: time | None = None,
+    gt: time | None = None,
+    tz_constraint: Literal['aware', 'naive'] | int | None = None,
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error'] = 'truncate',
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TimeSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a time value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import time
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.time_schema(le=time(12, 0, 0), ge=time(6, 0, 0))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(time(9, 0, 0)) == time(9, 0, 0)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a time or a value that can be converted to a time
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this time
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this time
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this time
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this time
+        tz_constraint: The value must be timezone aware or naive, or an int to indicate required tz offset
+        microseconds_precision: The behavior when seconds have more than 6 digits or microseconds is too large
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='time',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        tz_constraint=tz_constraint,
+        microseconds_precision=microseconds_precision,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DatetimeSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['datetime']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: datetime
+    ge: datetime
+    lt: datetime
+    gt: datetime
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future']
+    tz_constraint: Union[Literal['aware', 'naive'], int]
+    # defaults to current local utc offset from `time.localtime().tm_gmtoff`
+    # value is restricted to -86_400 < offset < 86_400 by bounds in generate_self_schema.py
+    now_utc_offset: int
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error']  # default: 'truncate'
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def datetime_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: datetime | None = None,
+    ge: datetime | None = None,
+    lt: datetime | None = None,
+    gt: datetime | None = None,
+    now_op: Literal['past', 'future'] | None = None,
+    tz_constraint: Literal['aware', 'naive'] | int | None = None,
+    now_utc_offset: int | None = None,
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error'] = 'truncate',
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DatetimeSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a datetime value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import datetime
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.datetime_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    now = datetime.now()
+    assert v.validate_python(str(now)) == now
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a datetime or a value that can be converted to a datetime
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this datetime
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this datetime
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this datetime
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this datetime
+        now_op: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current datetime
+        tz_constraint: The value must be timezone aware or naive, or an int to indicate required tz offset
+            TODO: use of a tzinfo where offset changes based on the datetime is not yet supported
+        now_utc_offset: The value must be in the past or future relative to the current datetime with this utc offset
+        microseconds_precision: The behavior when seconds have more than 6 digits or microseconds is too large
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='datetime',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        now_op=now_op,
+        tz_constraint=tz_constraint,
+        now_utc_offset=now_utc_offset,
+        microseconds_precision=microseconds_precision,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TimedeltaSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['timedelta']]
+    strict: bool
+    le: timedelta
+    ge: timedelta
+    lt: timedelta
+    gt: timedelta
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error']
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def timedelta_schema(
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    le: timedelta | None = None,
+    ge: timedelta | None = None,
+    lt: timedelta | None = None,
+    gt: timedelta | None = None,
+    microseconds_precision: Literal['truncate', 'error'] = 'truncate',
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TimedeltaSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a timedelta value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from datetime import timedelta
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.timedelta_schema(le=timedelta(days=1), ge=timedelta(days=0))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(timedelta(hours=12)) == timedelta(hours=12)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        strict: Whether the value should be a timedelta or a value that can be converted to a timedelta
+        le: The value must be less than or equal to this timedelta
+        ge: The value must be greater than or equal to this timedelta
+        lt: The value must be strictly less than this timedelta
+        gt: The value must be strictly greater than this timedelta
+        microseconds_precision: The behavior when seconds have more than 6 digits or microseconds is too large
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='timedelta',
+        strict=strict,
+        le=le,
+        ge=ge,
+        lt=lt,
+        gt=gt,
+        microseconds_precision=microseconds_precision,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class LiteralSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['literal']]
+    expected: Required[list[Any]]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def literal_schema(
+    expected: list[Any],
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> LiteralSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a literal value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.literal_schema(['hello', 'world'])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        expected: The value must be one of these values
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='literal', expected=expected, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class EnumSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['enum']]
+    cls: Required[Any]
+    members: Required[list[Any]]
+    sub_type: Literal['str', 'int', 'float']
+    missing: Callable[[Any], Any]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def enum_schema(
+    cls: Any,
+    members: list[Any],
+    *,
+    sub_type: Literal['str', 'int', 'float'] | None = None,
+    missing: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> EnumSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an enum value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from enum import Enum
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class Color(Enum):
+        RED = 1
+        GREEN = 2
+        BLUE = 3
+
+    schema = core_schema.enum_schema(Color, list(Color.__members__.values()))
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(2) is Color.GREEN
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The enum class
+        members: The members of the enum, generally `list(MyEnum.__members__.values())`
+        sub_type: The type of the enum, either 'str' or 'int' or None for plain enums
+        missing: A function to use when the value is not found in the enum, from `_missing_`
+        strict: Whether to use strict mode, defaults to False
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='enum',
+        cls=cls,
+        members=members,
+        sub_type=sub_type,
+        missing=missing,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class MissingSentinelSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['missing-sentinel']]
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def missing_sentinel_schema(
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> MissingSentinelSchema:
+    """Returns a schema for the `MISSING` sentinel."""
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='missing-sentinel',
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# must match input/parse_json.rs::JsonType::try_from
+JsonType = Literal['null', 'bool', 'int', 'float', 'str', 'list', 'dict']
+
+
+class IsInstanceSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['is-instance']]
+    cls: Required[Any]
+    cls_repr: str
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def is_instance_schema(
+    cls: Any,
+    *,
+    cls_repr: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> IsInstanceSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that checks if a value is an instance of a class, equivalent to python's `isinstance` method, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class A:
+        pass
+
+    schema = core_schema.is_instance_schema(cls=A)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(A())
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The value must be an instance of this class
+        cls_repr: If provided this string is used in the validator name instead of `repr(cls)`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='is-instance', cls=cls, cls_repr=cls_repr, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class IsSubclassSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['is-subclass']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    cls_repr: str
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def is_subclass_schema(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    *,
+    cls_repr: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> IsInstanceSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that checks if a value is a subtype of a class, equivalent to python's `issubclass` method, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class A:
+        pass
+
+    class B(A):
+        pass
+
+    schema = core_schema.is_subclass_schema(cls=A)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(B)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The value must be a subclass of this class
+        cls_repr: If provided this string is used in the validator name instead of `repr(cls)`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='is-subclass', cls=cls, cls_repr=cls_repr, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class CallableSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['callable']]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def callable_schema(
+    *, ref: str | None = None, metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None, serialization: SerSchema | None = None
+) -> CallableSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that checks if a value is callable, equivalent to python's `callable` method, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.callable_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(min)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='callable', ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class UuidSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['uuid']]
+    version: Literal[1, 3, 4, 5, 7]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def uuid_schema(
+    *,
+    version: Literal[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> UuidSchema:
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='uuid', version=version, strict=strict, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class IncExSeqSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['include-exclude-sequence']]
+    include: set[int]
+    exclude: set[int]
+
+
+def filter_seq_schema(*, include: set[int] | None = None, exclude: set[int] | None = None) -> IncExSeqSerSchema:
+    return _dict_not_none(type='include-exclude-sequence', include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+
+IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema = Union[IncExSeqSerSchema, SerSchema]
+
+
+class ListSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['list']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def list_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ListSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a list value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.list_schema(core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(['4']) == [4]
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a list of items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a list with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a list with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a list with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='list',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# @deprecated('tuple_positional_schema is deprecated. Use pydantic_core.core_schema.tuple_schema instead.')
+def tuple_positional_schema(
+    items_schema: list[CoreSchema],
+    *,
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TupleSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tuple of schemas, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.tuple_positional_schema(
+        [core_schema.int_schema(), core_schema.str_schema()]
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python((1, 'hello')) == (1, 'hello')
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match these schemas
+        extras_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match this schema
+            This was inspired by JSON schema's `prefixItems` and `items` fields.
+            In python's `typing.Tuple`, you can't specify a type for "extra" items -- they must all be the same type
+            if the length is variable. So this field won't be set from a `typing.Tuple` annotation on a pydantic model.
+        strict: The value must be a tuple with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if extras_schema is not None:
+        variadic_item_index = len(items_schema)
+        items_schema = items_schema + [extras_schema]
+    else:
+        variadic_item_index = None
+    return tuple_schema(
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        variadic_item_index=variadic_item_index,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# @deprecated('tuple_variable_schema is deprecated. Use pydantic_core.core_schema.tuple_schema instead.')
+def tuple_variable_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TupleSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tuple of a given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.tuple_variable_schema(
+        items_schema=core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(('1', 2, 3)) == (1, 2, 3)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a tuple with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a tuple with at most this many items
+        strict: The value must be a tuple with exactly this many items
+        ref: Optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return tuple_schema(
+        items_schema=[items_schema or any_schema()],
+        variadic_item_index=0,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TupleSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['tuple']]
+    items_schema: Required[list[CoreSchema]]
+    variadic_item_index: int
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def tuple_schema(
+    items_schema: list[CoreSchema],
+    *,
+    variadic_item_index: int | None = None,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TupleSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tuple of schemas, with an optional variadic item, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.tuple_schema(
+        [core_schema.int_schema(), core_schema.str_schema(), core_schema.float_schema()],
+        variadic_item_index=1,
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python((1, 'hello', 'world', 1.5)) == (1, 'hello', 'world', 1.5)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a tuple with items that match these schemas
+        variadic_item_index: The index of the schema in `items_schema` to be treated as variadic (following PEP 646)
+        min_length: The value must be a tuple with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a tuple with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a tuple with exactly this many items
+        ref: Optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='tuple',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        variadic_item_index=variadic_item_index,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class SetSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['set']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def set_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> SetSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a set of a given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.set_schema(
+        items_schema=core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({1, '2', 3}) == {1, 2, 3}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a set with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a set with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a set with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a set with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='set',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class FrozenSetSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['frozenset']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def frozenset_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> FrozenSetSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a frozenset of a given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.frozenset_schema(
+        items_schema=core_schema.int_schema(), min_length=0, max_length=10
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(frozenset(range(3))) == frozenset({0, 1, 2})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a frozenset with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a frozenset with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a frozenset with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: The value must be a frozenset with exactly this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='frozenset',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class GeneratorSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['generator']]
+    items_schema: CoreSchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def generator_schema(
+    items_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: IncExSeqOrElseSerSchema | None = None,
+) -> GeneratorSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a generator value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from typing import Iterator
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def gen() -> Iterator[int]:
+        yield 1
+
+    schema = core_schema.generator_schema(items_schema=core_schema.int_schema())
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(gen())
+    ```
+
+    Unlike other types, validated generators do not raise ValidationErrors eagerly,
+    but instead will raise a ValidationError when a violating value is actually read from the generator.
+    This is to ensure that "validated" generators retain the benefit of lazy evaluation.
+
+    Args:
+        items_schema: The value must be a generator with items that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a generator that yields at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a generator that yields at most this many items
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='generator',
+        items_schema=items_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+IncExDict = set[Union[int, str]]
+
+
+class IncExDictSerSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['include-exclude-dict']]
+    include: IncExDict
+    exclude: IncExDict
+
+
+def filter_dict_schema(*, include: IncExDict | None = None, exclude: IncExDict | None = None) -> IncExDictSerSchema:
+    return _dict_not_none(type='include-exclude-dict', include=include, exclude=exclude)
+
+
+IncExDictOrElseSerSchema = Union[IncExDictSerSchema, SerSchema]
+
+
+class DictSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dict']]
+    keys_schema: CoreSchema  # default: AnySchema
+    values_schema: CoreSchema  # default: AnySchema
+    min_length: int
+    max_length: int
+    fail_fast: bool
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: IncExDictOrElseSerSchema
+
+
+def dict_schema(
+    keys_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    values_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    min_length: int | None = None,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    fail_fast: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DictSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a dict value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.dict_schema(
+        keys_schema=core_schema.str_schema(), values_schema=core_schema.int_schema()
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': '1', 'b': 2}) == {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        keys_schema: The value must be a dict with keys that match this schema
+        values_schema: The value must be a dict with values that match this schema
+        min_length: The value must be a dict with at least this many items
+        max_length: The value must be a dict with at most this many items
+        fail_fast: Stop validation on the first error
+        strict: Whether the keys and values should be validated with strict mode
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dict',
+        keys_schema=keys_schema,
+        values_schema=values_schema,
+        min_length=min_length,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        fail_fast=fail_fast,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, /) -> Any
+NoInfoValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any], Any]
+
+
+class NoInfoValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal['no-info']
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, info: ValidationInfo, /) -> Any
+WithInfoValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any, ValidationInfo[Any]], Any]
+
+
+class WithInfoValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['with-info']]
+    function: Required[WithInfoValidatorFunction]
+    field_name: str  # deprecated
+
+
+ValidationFunction = Union[NoInfoValidatorFunctionSchema, WithInfoValidatorFunctionSchema]
+
+
+class _ValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    function: Required[ValidationFunction]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+class BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema(_ValidatorFunctionSchema, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-before']]
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema
+
+
+def no_info_before_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function before validating, no `info` argument is provided, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: bytes) -> str:
+        return v.decode() + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.no_info_before_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-before',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_before_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function before validation, the function is called with
+    an `info` argument, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: bytes, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert info.data is not None
+        assert info.field_name is not None
+        return v.decode() + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.with_info_before_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_before_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-before',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class AfterValidatorFunctionSchema(_ValidatorFunctionSchema, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-after']]
+
+
+def no_info_after_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> AfterValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function after validating, no `info` argument is provided, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str) -> str:
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.no_info_after_validator_function(fn, core_schema.str_schema())
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call after the schema is validated
+        schema: The schema to validate before the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-after',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_after_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> AfterValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that calls a validator function after validation, the function is called with
+    an `info` argument, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert info.data is not None
+        assert info.field_name is not None
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    func_schema = core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema({'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(func_schema)})
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': b'hello '}) == {'a': 'hello world'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call after the schema is validated
+        schema: The schema to validate before the validator function
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_after_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-after',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        schema=schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler(Protocol):
+    def __call__(self, input_value: Any, outer_location: str | int | None = None, /) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+        ...
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, validator: ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, /) -> Any
+NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any, ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler], Any]
+
+
+class NoInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal['no-info']
+    function: NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction
+
+
+# (input_value: Any, validator: ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, info: ValidationInfo, /) -> Any
+WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction = Callable[[Any, ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler, ValidationInfo[Any]], Any]
+
+
+class WithInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['with-info']]
+    function: Required[WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction]
+    field_name: str  # deprecated
+
+
+WrapValidatorFunction = Union[NoInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema, WithInfoWrapValidatorFunctionSchema]
+
+
+class WrapValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-wrap']]
+    function: Required[WrapValidatorFunction]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    ref: str
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> WrapValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema which calls a function with a `validator` callable argument which can
+    optionally be used to call inner validation with the function logic, this is much like the
+    "onion" implementation of middleware in many popular web frameworks, no `info` argument is passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(
+        v: str,
+        validator: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+    ) -> str:
+        return validator(input_value=v) + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.no_info_wrap_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-wrap',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        schema=schema,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_wrap_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> WrapValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema which calls a function with a `validator` callable argument which can
+    optionally be used to call inner validation with the function logic, this is much like the
+    "onion" implementation of middleware in many popular web frameworks, an `info` argument is also passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(
+        v: str,
+        validator: core_schema.ValidatorFunctionWrapHandler,
+        info: core_schema.ValidationInfo,
+    ) -> str:
+        return validator(input_value=v) + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.with_info_wrap_validator_function(
+        function=fn, schema=core_schema.str_schema()
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        schema: The schema to validate the output of the validator function
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-wrap',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        schema=schema,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class PlainValidatorFunctionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['function-plain']]
+    function: Required[ValidationFunction]
+    ref: str
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def no_info_plain_validator_function(
+    function: NoInfoValidatorFunction,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> PlainValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the provided function for validation, no `info` argument is passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.no_info_plain_validator_function(function=fn)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-plain',
+        function={'type': 'no-info', 'function': function},
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+def with_info_plain_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    *,
+    field_name: str | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    json_schema_input_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> PlainValidatorFunctionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the provided function for validation, an `info` argument is passed, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + 'world'
+
+    schema = core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(function=fn)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello ') == 'hello world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        function: The validator function to call
+        field_name: The name of the field this validator is applied to, if any (deprecated)
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        json_schema_input_schema: The core schema to be used to generate the corresponding JSON Schema input type
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    if field_name is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'The `field_name` argument on `with_info_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, it will be passed to the function through `ValidationState` instead.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='function-plain',
+        function=_dict_not_none(type='with-info', function=function, field_name=field_name),
+        ref=ref,
+        json_schema_input_schema=json_schema_input_schema,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class WithDefaultSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['default']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    default: Any
+    default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any]]
+    default_factory_takes_data: bool
+    on_error: Literal['raise', 'omit', 'default']  # default: 'raise'
+    validate_default: bool  # default: False
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def with_default_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    default: Any = PydanticUndefined,
+    default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any], None] = None,
+    default_factory_takes_data: bool | None = None,
+    on_error: Literal['raise', 'omit', 'default'] | None = None,
+    validate_default: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> WithDefaultSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that adds a default value to the given schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.with_default_schema(core_schema.str_schema(), default='hello')
+    wrapper_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(schema)}
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(wrapper_schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({}) == v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to add a default value to
+        default: The default value to use
+        default_factory: A callable that returns the default value to use
+        default_factory_takes_data: Whether the default factory takes a validated data argument
+        on_error: What to do if the schema validation fails. One of 'raise', 'omit', 'default'
+        validate_default: Whether the default value should be validated
+        strict: Whether the underlying schema should be validated with strict mode
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    s = _dict_not_none(
+        type='default',
+        schema=schema,
+        default_factory=default_factory,
+        default_factory_takes_data=default_factory_takes_data,
+        on_error=on_error,
+        validate_default=validate_default,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+    if default is not PydanticUndefined:
+        s['default'] = default
+    return s
+
+
+class NullableSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['nullable']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def nullable_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> NullableSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a nullable value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.nullable_schema(core_schema.str_schema())
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(None) is None
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to wrap
+        strict: Whether the underlying schema should be validated with strict mode
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='nullable', schema=schema, strict=strict, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+class UnionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['union']]
+    choices: Required[list[Union[CoreSchema, tuple[CoreSchema, str]]]]
+    # default true, whether to automatically collapse unions with one element to the inner validator
+    auto_collapse: bool
+    custom_error_type: str
+    custom_error_message: str
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]
+    mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right']  # default: 'smart'
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def union_schema(
+    choices: list[CoreSchema | tuple[CoreSchema, str]],
+    *,
+    auto_collapse: bool | None = None,
+    custom_error_type: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, str | int] | None = None,
+    mode: Literal['smart', 'left_to_right'] | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> UnionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a union value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.union_schema([core_schema.str_schema(), core_schema.int_schema()])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello'
+    assert v.validate_python(1) == 1
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        choices: The schemas to match. If a tuple, the second item is used as the label for the case.
+        auto_collapse: whether to automatically collapse unions with one element to the inner validator, default true
+        custom_error_type: The custom error type to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_message: The custom error message to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_context: The custom error context to use if the validation fails
+        mode: How to select which choice to return
+            * `smart` (default) will try to return the choice which is the closest match to the input value
+            * `left_to_right` will return the first choice in `choices` which succeeds validation
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='union',
+        choices=choices,
+        auto_collapse=auto_collapse,
+        custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+        custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+        custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+        mode=mode,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TaggedUnionSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['tagged-union']]
+    choices: Required[dict[Hashable, CoreSchema]]
+    discriminator: Required[Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]], Callable[[Any], Hashable]]]
+    custom_error_type: str
+    custom_error_message: str
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]
+    strict: bool
+    from_attributes: bool  # default: True
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def tagged_union_schema(
+    choices: dict[Any, CoreSchema],
+    discriminator: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | Callable[[Any], Any],
+    *,
+    custom_error_type: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, int | str | float] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> TaggedUnionSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a tagged union value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    apple_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {
+            'foo': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.str_schema()),
+            'bar': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.int_schema()),
+        }
+    )
+    banana_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {
+            'foo': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.str_schema()),
+            'spam': core_schema.typed_dict_field(
+                core_schema.list_schema(items_schema=core_schema.int_schema())
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.tagged_union_schema(
+        choices={
+            'apple': apple_schema,
+            'banana': banana_schema,
+        },
+        discriminator='foo',
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'foo': 'apple', 'bar': '123'}) == {'foo': 'apple', 'bar': 123}
+    assert v.validate_python({'foo': 'banana', 'spam': [1, 2, 3]}) == {
+        'foo': 'banana',
+        'spam': [1, 2, 3],
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        choices: The schemas to match
+            When retrieving a schema from `choices` using the discriminator value, if the value is a str,
+            it should be fed back into the `choices` map until a schema is obtained
+            (This approach is to prevent multiple ownership of a single schema in Rust)
+        discriminator: The discriminator to use to determine the schema to use
+            * If `discriminator` is a str, it is the name of the attribute to use as the discriminator
+            * If `discriminator` is a list of int/str, it should be used as a "path" to access the discriminator
+            * If `discriminator` is a list of lists, each inner list is a path, and the first path that exists is used
+            * If `discriminator` is a callable, it should return the discriminator when called on the value to validate;
+              the callable can return `None` to indicate that there is no matching discriminator present on the input
+        custom_error_type: The custom error type to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_message: The custom error message to use if the validation fails
+        custom_error_context: The custom error context to use if the validation fails
+        strict: Whether the underlying schemas should be validated with strict mode
+        from_attributes: Whether to use the attributes of the object to retrieve the discriminator value
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='tagged-union',
+        choices=choices,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+        custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+        custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+        strict=strict,
+        from_attributes=from_attributes,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ChainSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['chain']]
+    steps: Required[list[CoreSchema]]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def chain_schema(
+    steps: list[CoreSchema],
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ChainSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that chains the provided validation schemas, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + ' world'
+
+    fn_schema = core_schema.with_info_plain_validator_function(function=fn)
+    schema = core_schema.chain_schema(
+        [fn_schema, fn_schema, fn_schema, core_schema.str_schema()]
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('hello') == 'hello world world world'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        steps: The schemas to chain
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='chain', steps=steps, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class LaxOrStrictSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['lax-or-strict']]
+    lax_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    strict_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def lax_or_strict_schema(
+    lax_schema: CoreSchema,
+    strict_schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> LaxOrStrictSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the lax or strict schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    def fn(v: str, info: core_schema.ValidationInfo) -> str:
+        assert 'hello' in v
+        return v + ' world'
+
+    lax_schema = core_schema.int_schema(strict=False)
+    strict_schema = core_schema.int_schema(strict=True)
+
+    schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+        lax_schema=lax_schema, strict_schema=strict_schema, strict=True
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(123) == 123
+
+    schema = core_schema.lax_or_strict_schema(
+        lax_schema=lax_schema, strict_schema=strict_schema, strict=False
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python('123') == 123
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        lax_schema: The lax schema to use
+        strict_schema: The strict schema to use
+        strict: Whether the strict schema should be used
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='lax-or-strict',
+        lax_schema=lax_schema,
+        strict_schema=strict_schema,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class JsonOrPythonSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['json-or-python']]
+    json_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    python_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def json_or_python_schema(
+    json_schema: CoreSchema,
+    python_schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> JsonOrPythonSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that uses the Json or Python schema depending on the input:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, ValidationError, core_schema
+
+    v = SchemaValidator(
+        core_schema.json_or_python_schema(
+            json_schema=core_schema.int_schema(),
+            python_schema=core_schema.int_schema(strict=True),
+        )
+    )
+
+    assert v.validate_json('"123"') == 123
+
+    try:
+        v.validate_python('123')
+    except ValidationError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        raise AssertionError('Validation should have failed')
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        json_schema: The schema to use for Json inputs
+        python_schema: The schema to use for Python inputs
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='json-or-python',
+        json_schema=json_schema,
+        python_schema=python_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class TypedDictField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['typed-dict-field']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    required: bool
+    validation_alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+    serialization_alias: str
+    serialization_exclude: bool  # default: False
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]  # default None
+
+
+def typed_dict_field(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    required: bool | None = None,
+    validation_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude: bool | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+) -> TypedDictField:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a typed dict field, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+    field = core_schema.typed_dict_field(schema=core_schema.int_schema(), required=True)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the field
+        required: Whether the field is required, otherwise uses the value from `total` on the typed dict
+        validation_alias: The alias(es) to use to find the field in the validation data
+        serialization_alias: The alias to use as a key when serializing
+        serialization_exclude: Whether to exclude the field when serializing
+        serialization_exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude the field when serializing based on its value.
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='typed-dict-field',
+        schema=schema,
+        required=required,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        serialization_exclude=serialization_exclude,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+class TypedDictSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['typed-dict']]
+    fields: Required[dict[str, TypedDictField]]
+    cls: type[Any]
+    cls_name: str
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField]
+    strict: bool
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema
+    # all these values can be set via config, equivalent fields have `typed_dict_` prefix
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    total: bool  # default: True
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+    config: CoreConfig
+
+
+def typed_dict_schema(
+    fields: dict[str, TypedDictField],
+    *,
+    cls: type[Any] | None = None,
+    cls_name: str | None = None,
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+    total: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+) -> TypedDictSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a typed dict, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class MyTypedDict(TypedDict):
+        a: str
+
+    wrapper_schema = core_schema.typed_dict_schema(
+        {'a': core_schema.typed_dict_field(core_schema.str_schema())}, cls=MyTypedDict
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(wrapper_schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}) == {'a': 'hello'}
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        fields: The fields to use for the typed dict
+        cls: The class to use for the typed dict
+        cls_name: The name to use in error locations. Falls back to `cls.__name__`, or the validator name if no class
+            is provided.
+        computed_fields: Computed fields to use when serializing the model, only applies when directly inside a model
+        strict: Whether the typed dict is strict
+        extras_schema: The extra validator to use for the typed dict
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use for the typed dict
+        total: Whether the typed dict is total, otherwise uses `typed_dict_total` from config
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='typed-dict',
+        fields=fields,
+        cls=cls,
+        cls_name=cls_name,
+        computed_fields=computed_fields,
+        strict=strict,
+        extras_schema=extras_schema,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        total=total,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+
+class ModelField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model-field']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    validation_alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+    serialization_alias: str
+    serialization_exclude: bool  # default: False
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]  # default: None
+    frozen: bool
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def model_field(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    validation_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude: bool | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> ModelField:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for a model field, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import core_schema
+
+    field = core_schema.model_field(schema=core_schema.int_schema())
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the field
+        validation_alias: The alias(es) to use to find the field in the validation data
+        serialization_alias: The alias to use as a key when serializing
+        serialization_exclude: Whether to exclude the field when serializing
+        serialization_exclude_if: A Callable that determines whether to exclude a field during serialization based on its value.
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='model-field',
+        schema=schema,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        serialization_exclude=serialization_exclude,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+class ModelFieldsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model-fields']]
+    fields: Required[dict[str, ModelField]]
+    model_name: str
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField]
+    strict: bool
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema
+    extras_keys_schema: CoreSchema
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    from_attributes: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def model_fields_schema(
+    fields: dict[str, ModelField],
+    *,
+    model_name: str | None = None,
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    extras_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    extras_keys_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+    from_attributes: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ModelFieldsSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches the fields of a Pydantic model, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    wrapper_schema = core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+        {'a': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.str_schema())}
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(wrapper_schema)
+    print(v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}))
+    #> ({'a': 'hello'}, None, {'a'})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        fields: The fields of the model
+        model_name: The name of the model, used for error messages, defaults to "Model"
+        computed_fields: Computed fields to use when serializing the model, only applies when directly inside a model
+        strict: Whether the model is strict
+        extras_schema: The schema to use when validating extra input data
+        extras_keys_schema: The schema to use when validating the keys of extra input data
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use for the model fields
+        from_attributes: Whether the model fields should be populated from attributes
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='model-fields',
+        fields=fields,
+        model_name=model_name,
+        computed_fields=computed_fields,
+        strict=strict,
+        extras_schema=extras_schema,
+        extras_keys_schema=extras_keys_schema,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        from_attributes=from_attributes,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ModelSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['model']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    generic_origin: type[Any]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    custom_init: bool
+    root_model: bool
+    post_init: str
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']  # default: 'never'
+    strict: bool
+    frozen: bool
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+    config: CoreConfig
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def model_schema(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    generic_origin: type[Any] | None = None,
+    custom_init: bool | None = None,
+    root_model: bool | None = None,
+    post_init: str | None = None,
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances'] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ModelSchema:
+    """
+    A model schema generally contains a typed-dict schema.
+    It will run the typed dict validator, then create a new class
+    and set the dict and fields set returned from the typed dict validator
+    to `__dict__` and `__pydantic_fields_set__` respectively.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import CoreConfig, SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    class MyModel:
+        __slots__ = (
+            '__dict__',
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__',
+            '__pydantic_extra__',
+            '__pydantic_private__',
+        )
+
+    schema = core_schema.model_schema(
+        cls=MyModel,
+        config=CoreConfig(str_max_length=5),
+        schema=core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+            fields={'a': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.str_schema())},
+        ),
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.isinstance_python({'a': 'hello'}) is True
+    assert v.isinstance_python({'a': 'too long'}) is False
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The class to use for the model
+        schema: The schema to use for the model
+        generic_origin: The origin type used for this model, if it's a parametrized generic. Ex,
+            if this model schema represents `SomeModel[int]`, generic_origin is `SomeModel`
+        custom_init: Whether the model has a custom init method
+        root_model: Whether the model is a `RootModel`
+        post_init: The call after init to use for the model
+        revalidate_instances: whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances)
+            should re-validate defaults to config.revalidate_instances, else 'never'
+        strict: Whether the model is strict
+        frozen: Whether the model is frozen
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use for the model, used in serialization
+        config: The config to use for the model
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='model',
+        cls=cls,
+        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+        schema=schema,
+        custom_init=custom_init,
+        root_model=root_model,
+        post_init=post_init,
+        revalidate_instances=revalidate_instances,
+        strict=strict,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        config=config,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DataclassField(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dataclass-field']]
+    name: Required[str]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    kw_only: bool  # default: True
+    init: bool  # default: True
+    init_only: bool  # default: False
+    frozen: bool  # default: False
+    validation_alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+    serialization_alias: str
+    serialization_exclude: bool  # default: False
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool]  # default: None
+
+
+def dataclass_field(
+    name: str,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    kw_only: bool | None = None,
+    init: bool | None = None,
+    init_only: bool | None = None,
+    validation_alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+    serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude: bool | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization_exclude_if: Callable[[Any], bool] | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+) -> DataclassField:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for a dataclass field, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    field = core_schema.dataclass_field(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), kw_only=False
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.dataclass_args_schema('Foobar', [field])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}) == ({'a': 'hello'}, None)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name to use for the argument parameter
+        schema: The schema to use for the argument parameter
+        kw_only: Whether the field can be set with a positional argument as well as a keyword argument
+        init: Whether the field should be validated during initialization
+        init_only: Whether the field should be omitted  from `__dict__` and passed to `__post_init__`
+        validation_alias: The alias(es) to use to find the field in the validation data
+        serialization_alias: The alias to use as a key when serializing
+        serialization_exclude: Whether to exclude the field when serializing
+        serialization_exclude_if: A callable that determines whether to exclude the field when serializing based on its value.
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        frozen: Whether the field is frozen
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dataclass-field',
+        name=name,
+        schema=schema,
+        kw_only=kw_only,
+        init=init,
+        init_only=init_only,
+        validation_alias=validation_alias,
+        serialization_alias=serialization_alias,
+        serialization_exclude=serialization_exclude,
+        serialization_exclude_if=serialization_exclude_if,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        frozen=frozen,
+    )
+
+
+class DataclassArgsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dataclass-args']]
+    dataclass_name: Required[str]
+    fields: Required[list[DataclassField]]
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField]
+    collect_init_only: bool  # default: False
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior
+
+
+def dataclass_args_schema(
+    dataclass_name: str,
+    fields: list[DataclassField],
+    *,
+    computed_fields: list[ComputedField] | None = None,
+    collect_init_only: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: ExtraBehavior | None = None,
+) -> DataclassArgsSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for validating dataclass arguments, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    field_a = core_schema.dataclass_field(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), kw_only=False
+    )
+    field_b = core_schema.dataclass_field(
+        name='b', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), kw_only=False
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.dataclass_args_schema('Foobar', [field_a, field_b])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello', 'b': True}) == ({'a': 'hello', 'b': True}, None)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        dataclass_name: The name of the dataclass being validated
+        fields: The fields to use for the dataclass
+        computed_fields: Computed fields to use when serializing the dataclass
+        collect_init_only: Whether to collect init only fields into a dict to pass to `__post_init__`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+        extra_behavior: How to handle extra fields
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dataclass-args',
+        dataclass_name=dataclass_name,
+        fields=fields,
+        computed_fields=computed_fields,
+        collect_init_only=collect_init_only,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+    )
+
+
+class DataclassSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['dataclass']]
+    cls: Required[type[Any]]
+    generic_origin: type[Any]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    fields: Required[list[str]]
+    cls_name: str
+    post_init: bool  # default: False
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances']  # default: 'never'
+    strict: bool  # default: False
+    frozen: bool  # default False
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+    slots: bool
+    config: CoreConfig
+
+
+def dataclass_schema(
+    cls: type[Any],
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    fields: list[str],
+    *,
+    generic_origin: type[Any] | None = None,
+    cls_name: str | None = None,
+    post_init: bool | None = None,
+    revalidate_instances: Literal['always', 'never', 'subclass-instances'] | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+    frozen: bool | None = None,
+    slots: bool | None = None,
+    config: CoreConfig | None = None,
+) -> DataclassSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema for a dataclass. As with `ModelSchema`, this schema can only be used as a field within
+    another schema, not as the root type.
+
+    Args:
+        cls: The dataclass type, used to perform subclass checks
+        schema: The schema to use for the dataclass fields
+        fields: Fields of the dataclass, this is used in serialization and in validation during re-validation
+            and while validating assignment
+        generic_origin: The origin type used for this dataclass, if it's a parametrized generic. Ex,
+            if this model schema represents `SomeDataclass[int]`, generic_origin is `SomeDataclass`
+        cls_name: The name to use in error locs, etc; this is useful for generics (default: `cls.__name__`)
+        post_init: Whether to call `__post_init__` after validation
+        revalidate_instances: whether instances of models and dataclasses (including subclass instances)
+            should re-validate defaults to config.revalidate_instances, else 'never'
+        strict: Whether to require an exact instance of `cls`
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+        frozen: Whether the dataclass is frozen
+        slots: Whether `slots=True` on the dataclass, means each field is assigned independently, rather than
+            simply setting `__dict__`, default false
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='dataclass',
+        cls=cls,
+        generic_origin=generic_origin,
+        fields=fields,
+        cls_name=cls_name,
+        schema=schema,
+        post_init=post_init,
+        revalidate_instances=revalidate_instances,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+        frozen=frozen,
+        slots=slots,
+        config=config,
+    )
+
+
+class ArgumentsParameter(TypedDict, total=False):
+    name: Required[str]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    mode: Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only']  # default positional_or_keyword
+    alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+
+
+def arguments_parameter(
+    name: str,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal['positional_only', 'positional_or_keyword', 'keyword_only'] | None = None,
+    alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsParameter:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an argument parameter, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_schema([param])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(('hello',)) == (('hello',), {})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name to use for the argument parameter
+        schema: The schema to use for the argument parameter
+        mode: The mode to use for the argument parameter
+        alias: The alias to use for the argument parameter
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(name=name, schema=schema, mode=mode, alias=alias)
+
+
+VarKwargsMode: TypeAlias = Literal['uniform', 'unpacked-typed-dict']
+
+
+class ArgumentsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['arguments']]
+    arguments_schema: Required[list[ArgumentsParameter]]
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    var_args_schema: CoreSchema
+    var_kwargs_mode: VarKwargsMode
+    var_kwargs_schema: CoreSchema
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def arguments_schema(
+    arguments: list[ArgumentsParameter],
+    *,
+    validate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+    validate_by_alias: bool | None = None,
+    var_args_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    var_kwargs_mode: VarKwargsMode | None = None,
+    var_kwargs_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an arguments schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param_a = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    param_b = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='b', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_schema([param_a, param_b])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python(('hello', True)) == (('hello', True), {})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        arguments: The arguments to use for the arguments schema
+        validate_by_name: Whether to populate by the parameter names, defaults to `False`.
+        validate_by_alias: Whether to populate by the parameter aliases, defaults to `True`.
+        var_args_schema: The variable args schema to use for the arguments schema
+        var_kwargs_mode: The validation mode to use for variadic keyword arguments. If `'uniform'`, every value of the
+            keyword arguments will be validated against the `var_kwargs_schema` schema. If `'unpacked-typed-dict'`,
+            the `var_kwargs_schema` argument must be a [`typed_dict_schema`][pydantic_core.core_schema.typed_dict_schema]
+        var_kwargs_schema: The variable kwargs schema to use for the arguments schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='arguments',
+        arguments_schema=arguments,
+        validate_by_name=validate_by_name,
+        validate_by_alias=validate_by_alias,
+        var_args_schema=var_args_schema,
+        var_kwargs_mode=var_kwargs_mode,
+        var_kwargs_schema=var_kwargs_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class ArgumentsV3Parameter(TypedDict, total=False):
+    name: Required[str]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    mode: Literal[
+        'positional_only',
+        'positional_or_keyword',
+        'keyword_only',
+        'var_args',
+        'var_kwargs_uniform',
+        'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict',
+    ]  # default positional_or_keyword
+    alias: Union[str, list[Union[str, int]], list[list[Union[str, int]]]]
+
+
+def arguments_v3_parameter(
+    name: str,
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    *,
+    mode: Literal[
+        'positional_only',
+        'positional_or_keyword',
+        'keyword_only',
+        'var_args',
+        'var_kwargs_uniform',
+        'var_kwargs_unpacked_typed_dict',
+    ]
+    | None = None,
+    alias: str | list[str | int] | list[list[str | int]] | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsV3Parameter:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an argument parameter, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_v3_schema([param])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hello'}) == (('hello',), {})
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name to use for the argument parameter
+        schema: The schema to use for the argument parameter
+        mode: The mode to use for the argument parameter
+        alias: The alias to use for the argument parameter
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(name=name, schema=schema, mode=mode, alias=alias)
+
+
+class ArgumentsV3Schema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['arguments-v3']]
+    arguments_schema: Required[list[ArgumentsV3Parameter]]
+    validate_by_name: bool
+    validate_by_alias: bool
+    extra_behavior: Literal['forbid', 'ignore']  # 'allow' doesn't make sense here.
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def arguments_v3_schema(
+    arguments: list[ArgumentsV3Parameter],
+    *,
+    validate_by_name: bool | None = None,
+    validate_by_alias: bool | None = None,
+    extra_behavior: Literal['forbid', 'ignore'] | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> ArgumentsV3Schema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an arguments schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param_a = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    param_b = core_schema.arguments_v3_parameter(
+        name='kwargs', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), mode='var_kwargs_uniform'
+    )
+    schema = core_schema.arguments_v3_schema([param_a, param_b])
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python({'a': 'hi', 'kwargs': {'b': True}}) == (('hi',), {'b': True})
+    ```
+
+    This schema is currently not used by other Pydantic components. In V3, it will most likely
+    become the default arguments schema for the `'call'` schema.
+
+    Args:
+        arguments: The arguments to use for the arguments schema.
+        validate_by_name: Whether to populate by the parameter names, defaults to `False`.
+        validate_by_alias: Whether to populate by the parameter aliases, defaults to `True`.
+        extra_behavior: The extra behavior to use.
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places.
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core.
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema.
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='arguments-v3',
+        arguments_schema=arguments,
+        validate_by_name=validate_by_name,
+        validate_by_alias=validate_by_alias,
+        extra_behavior=extra_behavior,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class CallSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['call']]
+    arguments_schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    function: Required[Callable[..., Any]]
+    function_name: str  # default function.__name__
+    return_schema: CoreSchema
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def call_schema(
+    arguments: CoreSchema,
+    function: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    function_name: str | None = None,
+    return_schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> CallSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches an arguments schema, then calls a function, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    param_a = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='a', schema=core_schema.str_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    param_b = core_schema.arguments_parameter(
+        name='b', schema=core_schema.bool_schema(), mode='positional_only'
+    )
+    args_schema = core_schema.arguments_schema([param_a, param_b])
+
+    schema = core_schema.call_schema(
+        arguments=args_schema,
+        function=lambda a, b: a + str(not b),
+        return_schema=core_schema.str_schema(),
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python((('hello', True))) == 'helloFalse'
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        arguments: The arguments to use for the arguments schema
+        function: The function to use for the call schema
+        function_name: The function name to use for the call schema, if not provided `function.__name__` is used
+        return_schema: The return schema to use for the call schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='call',
+        arguments_schema=arguments,
+        function=function,
+        function_name=function_name,
+        return_schema=return_schema,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class CustomErrorSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['custom-error']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    custom_error_type: Required[str]
+    custom_error_message: str
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Union[str, int, float]]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def custom_error_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema,
+    custom_error_type: str,
+    *,
+    custom_error_message: str | None = None,
+    custom_error_context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> CustomErrorSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a custom error value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.custom_error_schema(
+        schema=core_schema.int_schema(),
+        custom_error_type='MyError',
+        custom_error_message='Error msg',
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    v.validate_python(1)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the custom error schema
+        custom_error_type: The custom error type to use for the custom error schema
+        custom_error_message: The custom error message to use for the custom error schema
+        custom_error_context: The custom error context to use for the custom error schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='custom-error',
+        schema=schema,
+        custom_error_type=custom_error_type,
+        custom_error_message=custom_error_message,
+        custom_error_context=custom_error_context,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class JsonSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['json']]
+    schema: CoreSchema
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def json_schema(
+    schema: CoreSchema | None = None,
+    *,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> JsonSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a JSON value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    dict_schema = core_schema.model_fields_schema(
+        {
+            'field_a': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.str_schema()),
+            'field_b': core_schema.model_field(core_schema.bool_schema()),
+        },
+    )
+
+    class MyModel:
+        __slots__ = (
+            '__dict__',
+            '__pydantic_fields_set__',
+            '__pydantic_extra__',
+            '__pydantic_private__',
+        )
+        field_a: str
+        field_b: bool
+
+    json_schema = core_schema.json_schema(schema=dict_schema)
+    schema = core_schema.model_schema(cls=MyModel, schema=json_schema)
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    m = v.validate_python('{"field_a": "hello", "field_b": true}')
+    assert isinstance(m, MyModel)
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The schema to use for the JSON schema
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(type='json', schema=schema, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization)
+
+
+class UrlSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['url']]
+    max_length: int
+    allowed_schemes: list[str]
+    host_required: bool  # default False
+    default_host: str
+    default_port: int
+    default_path: str
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def url_schema(
+    *,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    allowed_schemes: list[str] | None = None,
+    host_required: bool | None = None,
+    default_host: str | None = None,
+    default_port: int | None = None,
+    default_path: str | None = None,
+    preserve_empty_path: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> UrlSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a URL value, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.url_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    print(v.validate_python('https://example.com'))
+    #> https://example.com/
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        max_length: The maximum length of the URL
+        allowed_schemes: The allowed URL schemes
+        host_required: Whether the URL must have a host
+        default_host: The default host to use if the URL does not have a host
+        default_port: The default port to use if the URL does not have a port
+        default_path: The default path to use if the URL does not have a path
+        preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve an empty path or convert it to '/', default False
+        strict: Whether to use strict URL parsing
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='url',
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
+        host_required=host_required,
+        default_host=default_host,
+        default_port=default_port,
+        default_path=default_path,
+        preserve_empty_path=preserve_empty_path,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class MultiHostUrlSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['multi-host-url']]
+    max_length: int
+    allowed_schemes: list[str]
+    host_required: bool  # default False
+    default_host: str
+    default_port: int
+    default_path: str
+    strict: bool
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def multi_host_url_schema(
+    *,
+    max_length: int | None = None,
+    allowed_schemes: list[str] | None = None,
+    host_required: bool | None = None,
+    default_host: str | None = None,
+    default_port: int | None = None,
+    default_path: str | None = None,
+    preserve_empty_path: bool | None = None,
+    strict: bool | None = None,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> MultiHostUrlSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that matches a URL value with possibly multiple hosts, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.multi_host_url_schema()
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    print(v.validate_python('redis://localhost,0.0.0.0,127.0.0.1'))
+    #> redis://localhost,0.0.0.0,127.0.0.1
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        max_length: The maximum length of the URL
+        allowed_schemes: The allowed URL schemes
+        host_required: Whether the URL must have a host
+        default_host: The default host to use if the URL does not have a host
+        default_port: The default port to use if the URL does not have a port
+        default_path: The default path to use if the URL does not have a path
+        preserve_empty_path: Whether to preserve an empty path or convert it to '/', default False
+        strict: Whether to use strict URL parsing
+        ref: optional unique identifier of the schema, used to reference the schema in other places
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='multi-host-url',
+        max_length=max_length,
+        allowed_schemes=allowed_schemes,
+        host_required=host_required,
+        default_host=default_host,
+        default_port=default_port,
+        default_path=default_path,
+        preserve_empty_path=preserve_empty_path,
+        strict=strict,
+        ref=ref,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        serialization=serialization,
+    )
+
+
+class DefinitionsSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['definitions']]
+    schema: Required[CoreSchema]
+    definitions: Required[list[CoreSchema]]
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def definitions_schema(schema: CoreSchema, definitions: list[CoreSchema]) -> DefinitionsSchema:
+    """
+    Build a schema that contains both an inner schema and a list of definitions which can be used
+    within the inner schema.
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema = core_schema.definitions_schema(
+        core_schema.list_schema(core_schema.definition_reference_schema('foobar')),
+        [core_schema.int_schema(ref='foobar')],
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python([1, 2, '3']) == [1, 2, 3]
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema: The inner schema
+        definitions: List of definitions which can be referenced within inner schema
+    """
+    return DefinitionsSchema(type='definitions', schema=schema, definitions=definitions)
+
+
+class DefinitionReferenceSchema(TypedDict, total=False):
+    type: Required[Literal['definition-ref']]
+    schema_ref: Required[str]
+    ref: str
+    metadata: dict[str, Any]
+    serialization: SerSchema
+
+
+def definition_reference_schema(
+    schema_ref: str,
+    ref: str | None = None,
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    serialization: SerSchema | None = None,
+) -> DefinitionReferenceSchema:
+    """
+    Returns a schema that points to a schema stored in "definitions", this is useful for nested recursive
+    models and also when you want to define validators separately from the main schema, e.g.:
+
+    ```py
+    from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
+
+    schema_definition = core_schema.definition_reference_schema('list-schema')
+    schema = core_schema.definitions_schema(
+        schema=schema_definition,
+        definitions=[
+            core_schema.list_schema(items_schema=schema_definition, ref='list-schema'),
+        ],
+    )
+    v = SchemaValidator(schema)
+    assert v.validate_python([()]) == [[]]
+    ```
+
+    Args:
+        schema_ref: The schema ref to use for the definition reference schema
+        metadata: Any other information you want to include with the schema, not used by pydantic-core
+        serialization: Custom serialization schema
+    """
+    return _dict_not_none(
+        type='definition-ref', schema_ref=schema_ref, ref=ref, metadata=metadata, serialization=serialization
+    )
+
+
+MYPY = False
+# See https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/14034 for details, in summary mypy is extremely slow to process this
+# union which kills performance not just for pydantic, but even for code using pydantic
+if not MYPY:
+    CoreSchema = Union[
+        InvalidSchema,
+        AnySchema,
+        NoneSchema,
+        BoolSchema,
+        IntSchema,
+        FloatSchema,
+        DecimalSchema,
+        StringSchema,
+        BytesSchema,
+        DateSchema,
+        TimeSchema,
+        DatetimeSchema,
+        TimedeltaSchema,
+        LiteralSchema,
+        MissingSentinelSchema,
+        EnumSchema,
+        IsInstanceSchema,
+        IsSubclassSchema,
+        CallableSchema,
+        ListSchema,
+        TupleSchema,
+        SetSchema,
+        FrozenSetSchema,
+        GeneratorSchema,
+        DictSchema,
+        AfterValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        BeforeValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        WrapValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        PlainValidatorFunctionSchema,
+        WithDefaultSchema,
+        NullableSchema,
+        UnionSchema,
+        TaggedUnionSchema,
+        ChainSchema,
+        LaxOrStrictSchema,
+        JsonOrPythonSchema,
+        TypedDictSchema,
+        ModelFieldsSchema,
+        ModelSchema,
+        DataclassArgsSchema,
+        DataclassSchema,
+        ArgumentsSchema,
+        ArgumentsV3Schema,
+        CallSchema,
+        CustomErrorSchema,
+        JsonSchema,
+        UrlSchema,
+        MultiHostUrlSchema,
+        DefinitionsSchema,
+        DefinitionReferenceSchema,
+        UuidSchema,
+        ComplexSchema,
+    ]
+elif False:
+    CoreSchema: TypeAlias = Mapping[str, Any]
+
+
+# to update this, call `pytest -k test_core_schema_type_literal` and copy the output
+CoreSchemaType = Literal[
+    'invalid',
+    'any',
+    'none',
+    'bool',
+    'int',
+    'float',
+    'decimal',
+    'str',
+    'bytes',
+    'date',
+    'time',
+    'datetime',
+    'timedelta',
+    'literal',
+    'missing-sentinel',
+    'enum',
+    'is-instance',
+    'is-subclass',
+    'callable',
+    'list',
+    'tuple',
+    'set',
+    'frozenset',
+    'generator',
+    'dict',
+    'function-after',
+    'function-before',
+    'function-wrap',
+    'function-plain',
+    'default',
+    'nullable',
+    'union',
+    'tagged-union',
+    'chain',
+    'lax-or-strict',
+    'json-or-python',
+    'typed-dict',
+    'model-fields',
+    'model',
+    'dataclass-args',
+    'dataclass',
+    'arguments',
+    'arguments-v3',
+    'call',
+    'custom-error',
+    'json',
+    'url',
+    'multi-host-url',
+    'definitions',
+    'definition-ref',
+    'uuid',
+    'complex',
+]
+
+CoreSchemaFieldType = Literal['model-field', 'dataclass-field', 'typed-dict-field', 'computed-field']
+
+
+# used in _pydantic_core.pyi::PydanticKnownError
+# to update this, call `pytest -k test_all_errors` and copy the output
+ErrorType = Literal[
+    'no_such_attribute',
+    'json_invalid',
+    'json_type',
+    'needs_python_object',
+    'recursion_loop',
+    'missing',
+    'frozen_field',
+    'frozen_instance',
+    'extra_forbidden',
+    'invalid_key',
+    'get_attribute_error',
+    'model_type',
+    'model_attributes_type',
+    'dataclass_type',
+    'dataclass_exact_type',
+    'default_factory_not_called',
+    'none_required',
+    'greater_than',
+    'greater_than_equal',
+    'less_than',
+    'less_than_equal',
+    'multiple_of',
+    'finite_number',
+    'too_short',
+    'too_long',
+    'iterable_type',
+    'iteration_error',
+    'string_type',
+    'string_sub_type',
+    'string_unicode',
+    'string_too_short',
+    'string_too_long',
+    'string_pattern_mismatch',
+    'string_not_ascii',
+    'enum',
+    'dict_type',
+    'mapping_type',
+    'list_type',
+    'tuple_type',
+    'set_type',
+    'set_item_not_hashable',
+    'bool_type',
+    'bool_parsing',
+    'int_type',
+    'int_parsing',
+    'int_parsing_size',
+    'int_from_float',
+    'float_type',
+    'float_parsing',
+    'bytes_type',
+    'bytes_too_short',
+    'bytes_too_long',
+    'bytes_invalid_encoding',
+    'value_error',
+    'assertion_error',
+    'literal_error',
+    'missing_sentinel_error',
+    'date_type',
+    'date_parsing',
+    'date_from_datetime_parsing',
+    'date_from_datetime_inexact',
+    'date_past',
+    'date_future',
+    'time_type',
+    'time_parsing',
+    'datetime_type',
+    'datetime_parsing',
+    'datetime_object_invalid',
+    'datetime_from_date_parsing',
+    'datetime_past',
+    'datetime_future',
+    'timezone_naive',
+    'timezone_aware',
+    'timezone_offset',
+    'time_delta_type',
+    'time_delta_parsing',
+    'frozen_set_type',
+    'is_instance_of',
+    'is_subclass_of',
+    'callable_type',
+    'union_tag_invalid',
+    'union_tag_not_found',
+    'arguments_type',
+    'missing_argument',
+    'unexpected_keyword_argument',
+    'missing_keyword_only_argument',
+    'unexpected_positional_argument',
+    'missing_positional_only_argument',
+    'multiple_argument_values',
+    'url_type',
+    'url_parsing',
+    'url_syntax_violation',
+    'url_too_long',
+    'url_scheme',
+    'uuid_type',
+    'uuid_parsing',
+    'uuid_version',
+    'decimal_type',
+    'decimal_parsing',
+    'decimal_max_digits',
+    'decimal_max_places',
+    'decimal_whole_digits',
+    'complex_type',
+    'complex_str_parsing',
+]
+
+
+def _dict_not_none(**kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
+
+
+def iter_union_choices(union_schema: UnionSchema) -> Generator[CoreSchema]:
+    """Iterate over the choices of a `'union'` schema."""
+    for choice in union_schema['choices']:
+        if isinstance(choice, tuple):
+            yield choice[0]
+        else:
+            yield choice
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# All this stuff is deprecated by #980 and will be removed eventually
+# They're kept because some code external code will be using them
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_before_validator_function(function: WithInfoValidatorFunction, field_name: str, schema: CoreSchema, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_before_validator_function(function, schema, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_before_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_before_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_before_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_before_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_after_validator_function(function: WithInfoValidatorFunction, field_name: str, schema: CoreSchema, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_after_validator_function(function, schema, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_after_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_after_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_after_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_after_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_wrap_validator_function(
+    function: WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction, field_name: str, schema: CoreSchema, **kwargs
+):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_wrap_validator_function(function, schema, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_wrap_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_wrap_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_wrap_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_wrap_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`field_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.')
+def field_plain_validator_function(function: WithInfoValidatorFunction, field_name: str, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`field_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_plain_validator_function(function, field_name=field_name, **kwargs)
+
+
+@deprecated('`general_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.')
+def general_plain_validator_function(*args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn(
+        '`general_plain_validator_function` is deprecated, use `with_info_plain_validator_function` instead.',
+        DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+    return with_info_plain_validator_function(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+_deprecated_import_lookup = {
+    'FieldValidationInfo': ValidationInfo,
+    'FieldValidatorFunction': WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    'GeneralValidatorFunction': WithInfoValidatorFunction,
+    'FieldWrapValidatorFunction': WithInfoWrapValidatorFunction,
+}
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    FieldValidationInfo = ValidationInfo
+
+
+def __getattr__(attr_name: str) -> object:
+    new_attr = _deprecated_import_lookup.get(attr_name)
+    if new_attr is None:
+        raise AttributeError(f"module 'pydantic_core' has no attribute '{attr_name}'")
+    else:
+        import warnings
+
+        msg = f'`{attr_name}` is deprecated, use `{new_attr.__name__}` instead.'
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return new_attr
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pydantic_core/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1af0ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,794 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: python-dotenv
+Version: 1.2.2
+Summary: Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables
+Author-email: Saurabh Kumar <me+github@saurabh-kumar.com>
+License: BSD-3-Clause
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv
+Keywords: environment variables,deployments,settings,env,dotenv,configurations,python
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Systems Administration
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Provides-Extra: cli
+Requires-Dist: click>=5.0; extra == "cli"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+# python-dotenv
+
+[![Build Status][build_status_badge]][build_status_link]
+[![PyPI version][pypi_badge]][pypi_link]
+
+python-dotenv reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and can set them as
+environment variables. It helps in the development of applications following the
+[12-factor](https://12factor.net/) principles.
+
+- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
+- [Other Use Cases](#other-use-cases)
+  - [Load configuration without altering the environment](#load-configuration-without-altering-the-environment)
+  - [Parse configuration as a stream](#parse-configuration-as-a-stream)
+  - [Load .env files in IPython](#load-env-files-in-ipython)
+- [Command-line Interface](#command-line-interface)
+- [File format](#file-format)
+  - [Multiline values](#multiline-values)
+  - [Variable expansion](#variable-expansion)
+- [Related Projects](#related-projects)
+- [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
+
+## Getting Started
+
+```shell
+pip install python-dotenv
+```
+
+If your application takes its configuration from environment variables, like a
+12-factor application, launching it in development is not very practical because
+you have to set those environment variables yourself.
+
+To help you with that, you can add python-dotenv to your application to make it
+load the configuration from a `.env` file when it is present (e.g. in
+development) while remaining configurable via the environment:
+
+```python
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv()  # reads variables from a .env file and sets them in os.environ
+
+# Code of your application, which uses environment variables (e.g. from `os.environ` or
+# `os.getenv`) as if they came from the actual environment.
+```
+
+By default, `load_dotenv()` will:
+
+- Look for a `.env` file in the same directory as the Python script (or higher up the directory tree).
+- Read each key-value pair and add it to `os.environ`.
+- **Not override** existing environment variables (`override=False`). Pass `override=True` to override existing variables.
+
+To configure the development environment, add a `.env` in the root directory of
+your project:
+
+```
+.
+├── .env
+└── foo.py
+```
+
+The syntax of `.env` files supported by python-dotenv is similar to that of
+Bash:
+
+```bash
+# Development settings
+DOMAIN=example.org
+ADMIN_EMAIL=admin@${DOMAIN}
+ROOT_URL=${DOMAIN}/app
+```
+
+If you use variables in values, ensure they are surrounded with `{` and `}`,
+like `${DOMAIN}`, as bare variables such as `$DOMAIN` are not expanded.
+
+You will probably want to add `.env` to your `.gitignore`, especially if it
+contains secrets like a password.
+
+See the section "[File format](#file-format)" below for more information about what you can write in a `.env` file.
+
+## Other Use Cases
+
+### Load configuration without altering the environment
+
+The function `dotenv_values` works more or less the same way as `load_dotenv`,
+except it doesn't touch the environment, it just returns a `dict` with the
+values parsed from the `.env` file.
+
+```python
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+
+config = dotenv_values(".env")  # config = {"USER": "foo", "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"}
+```
+
+This notably enables advanced configuration management:
+
+```python
+import os
+from dotenv import dotenv_values
+
+config = {
+    **dotenv_values(".env.shared"),  # load shared development variables
+    **dotenv_values(".env.secret"),  # load sensitive variables
+    **os.environ,  # override loaded values with environment variables
+}
+```
+
+### Parse configuration as a stream
+
+`load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` accept [streams][python_streams] via their
+`stream` argument. It is thus possible to load the variables from sources other
+than the filesystem (e.g. the network).
+
+```python
+from io import StringIO
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+config = StringIO("USER=foo\nEMAIL=foo@example.org")
+load_dotenv(stream=config)
+```
+
+### Load .env files in IPython
+
+You can use dotenv in IPython. By default, it will use `find_dotenv` to search for a
+`.env` file:
+
+```python
+%load_ext dotenv
+%dotenv
+```
+
+You can also specify a path:
+
+```python
+%dotenv relative/or/absolute/path/to/.env
+```
+
+Optional flags:
+
+- `-o` to override existing variables.
+- `-v` for increased verbosity.
+
+### Disable load_dotenv
+
+Set `PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED=1` to disable `load_dotenv()` from loading .env
+files or streams. Useful when you can't modify third-party package calls or in
+production.
+
+## Command-line Interface
+
+A CLI interface `dotenv` is also included, which helps you manipulate the `.env`
+file without manually opening it.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install "python-dotenv[cli]"
+$ dotenv set USER foo
+$ dotenv set EMAIL foo@example.org
+$ dotenv list
+USER=foo
+EMAIL=foo@example.org
+$ dotenv list --format=json
+{
+  "USER": "foo",
+  "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"
+}
+$ dotenv run -- python foo.py
+```
+
+Run `dotenv --help` for more information about the options and subcommands.
+
+## File format
+
+The format is not formally specified and still improves over time. That being
+said, `.env` files should mostly look like Bash files. Reading from FIFOs (named
+pipes) on Unix systems is also supported.
+
+Keys can be unquoted or single-quoted. Values can be unquoted, single- or
+double-quoted. Spaces before and after keys, equal signs, and values are
+ignored. Values can be followed by a comment. Lines can start with the `export`
+directive, which does not affect their interpretation.
+
+Allowed escape sequences:
+
+- in single-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`
+- in double-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`, `\"`, `\a`, `\b`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\v`
+
+### Multiline values
+
+It is possible for single- or double-quoted values to span multiple lines. The
+following examples are equivalent:
+
+```bash
+FOO="first line
+second line"
+```
+
+```bash
+FOO="first line\nsecond line"
+```
+
+### Variable without a value
+
+A variable can have no value:
+
+```bash
+FOO
+```
+
+It results in `dotenv_values` associating that variable name with the value
+`None` (e.g. `{"FOO": None}`. `load_dotenv`, on the other hand, simply ignores
+such variables.
+
+This shouldn't be confused with `FOO=`, in which case the variable is associated
+with the empty string.
+
+### Variable expansion
+
+python-dotenv can interpolate variables using POSIX variable expansion.
+
+With `load_dotenv(override=True)` or `dotenv_values()`, the value of a variable
+is the first of the values defined in the following list:
+
+- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
+- Value of that variable in the environment.
+- Default value, if provided.
+- Empty string.
+
+With `load_dotenv(override=False)`, the value of a variable is the first of the
+values defined in the following list:
+
+- Value of that variable in the environment.
+- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
+- Default value, if provided.
+- Empty string.
+
+## Related Projects
+
+- [environs](https://github.com/sloria/environs)
+- [Honcho](https://github.com/nickstenning/honcho)
+- [dump-env](https://github.com/sobolevn/dump-env)
+- [dynaconf](https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf)
+- [parse_it](https://github.com/naorlivne/parse_it)
+- [django-dotenv](https://github.com/jpadilla/django-dotenv)
+- [django-environ](https://github.com/joke2k/django-environ)
+- [python-decouple](https://github.com/HBNetwork/python-decouple)
+- [django-configuration](https://github.com/jezdez/django-configurations)
+
+## Acknowledgements
+
+This project is currently maintained by [Saurabh Kumar][saurabh-homepage] and
+[Bertrand Bonnefoy-Claudet][gh-bbc2] and would not have been possible without
+the support of these [awesome people][contributors].
+
+[gh-bbc2]: https://github.com/bbc2
+[saurabh-homepage]: https://saurabh-kumar.com
+[pypi_link]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv
+[pypi_badge]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv.svg
+[python_streams]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html
+[contributors]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/graphs/contributors
+[build_status_link]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml
+[build_status_badge]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
+
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/), and this
+project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [v1.2.2] - 2026-03-01
+
+### Added
+
+- Support for Python 3.14, including the free-threaded (3.14t) build. (#)
+
+### Changed
+
+- The `dotenv run` command now forwards flags directly to the specified command by [@bbc2] in [#607]
+- Improved documentation clarity regarding override behavior and the reference page.
+- Updated PyPy support to version 3.11.
+- Documentation for FIFO file support.
+- Dropped Support for Python 3.9.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Improved `set_key` and `unset_key` behavior when interacting with symlinks by [@bbc2] in [#790c5](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311)
+- Corrected the license specifier and added missing Python 3.14 classifiers in package metadata by [@JYOuyang] in [#590]
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+- `dotenv.set_key` and `dotenv.unset_key` used to follow symlinks in some
+  situations. This is no longer the case. For that behavior to be restored in
+  all cases, `follow_symlinks=True` should be used.
+
+- In the CLI, `set` and `unset` used to follow symlinks in some situations. This
+  is no longer the case.
+
+- `dotenv.set_key`, `dotenv.unset_key` and the CLI commands `set` and `unset`
+  used to reset the file mode of the modified .env file to `0o600` in some
+  situations. This is no longer the case: The original mode of the file is now
+  preserved. Is the file needed to be created or wasn't a regular file, mode
+  `0o600` is used.
+
+## [1.2.1] - 2025-10-26
+
+- Move more config to `pyproject.toml`, removed `setup.cfg`
+- Add support for reading `.env` from FIFOs (Unix) by [@sidharth-sudhir] in [#586]
+
+## [1.2.0] - 2025-10-26
+
+- Upgrade build system to use PEP 517 & PEP 518 to use `build` and `pyproject.toml` by [@EpicWink] in [#583]
+- Add support for Python 3.14 by [@23f3001135] in [#579](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/pull/563)
+- Add support for disabling of `load_dotenv()` using `PYTHON_DOTENV_DISABLED` env var. by [@matthewfranglen] in [#569]
+
+## [1.1.1] - 2025-06-24
+
+### Fixed
+
+- CLI: Ensure `find_dotenv` work reliably on python 3.13 by [@theskumar] in [#563](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/pull/563)
+- CLI: revert the use of execvpe on Windows by [@wrongontheinternet] in [#566](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/pull/566)
+
+## [1.1.0] - 2025-03-25
+
+**Feature**
+
+- Add support for python 3.13
+- Enhance `dotenv run`, switch to `execvpe` for better resource management and signal handling ([#523]) by [@eekstunt]
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- `find_dotenv` and `load_dotenv` now correctly looks up at the current directory when running in debugger or pdb ([#553] by [@randomseed42])
+
+**Misc**
+
+- Drop support for Python 3.8
+
+## [1.0.1] - 2024-01-23
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Gracefully handle code which has been imported from a zipfile ([#456] by [@samwyma])
+- Allow modules using `load_dotenv` to be reloaded when launched in a separate thread ([#497] by [@freddyaboulton])
+- Fix file not closed after deletion, handle error in the rewrite function ([#469] by [@Qwerty-133])
+
+**Misc**
+
+- Use pathlib.Path in tests ([#466] by [@eumiro])
+- Fix year in release date in changelog.md ([#454] by [@jankislinger])
+- Use https in README links ([#474] by [@Nicals])
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2023-02-24
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Drop support for python 3.7, add python 3.12-dev (#449 by [@theskumar])
+- Handle situations where the cwd does not exist. (#446 by [@jctanner])
+
+## [0.21.1] - 2023-01-21
+
+**Added**
+
+- Use Python 3.11 non-beta in CI (#438 by [@bbc2])
+- Modernize variables code (#434 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+- Modernize main.py and parser.py code (#435 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+- Improve conciseness of cli.py and **init**.py (#439 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
+- Improve error message for `get` and `list` commands when env file can't be opened (#441 by [@bbc2])
+- Updated License to align with BSD OSI template (#433 by [@lsmith77])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix Out-of-scope error when "dest" variable is undefined (#413 by [@theGOTOguy])
+- Fix IPython test warning about deprecated `magic` (#440 by [@bbc2])
+- Fix type hint for dotenv_path var, add StrPath alias (#432 by [@eaf])
+
+## [0.21.0] - 2022-09-03
+
+**Added**
+
+- CLI: add support for invocations via 'python -m'. (#395 by [@theskumar])
+- `load_dotenv` function now returns `False`. (#388 by [@larsks])
+- CLI: add --format= option to list command. (#407 by [@sammck])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Drop Python 3.5 and 3.6 and upgrade GA (#393 by [@eggplants])
+- Use `open` instead of `io.open`. (#389 by [@rabinadk1])
+- Improve documentation for variables without a value (#390 by [@bbc2])
+- Add `parse_it` to Related Projects (#410 by [@naorlivne])
+- Update README.md (#415 by [@harveer07])
+- Improve documentation with direct use of MkDocs (#398 by [@bbc2])
+
+## [0.20.0] - 2022-03-24
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `encoding` (`Optional[str]`) parameter to `get_key`, `set_key` and `unset_key`.
+  (#379 by [@bbc2])
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Use dict to specify the `entry_points` parameter of `setuptools.setup` (#376 by
+  [@mgorny]).
+- Don't build universal wheels (#387 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.19.2] - 2021-11-11
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- In `set_key`, add missing newline character before new entry if necessary. (#361 by
+  [@bbc2])
+
+## [0.19.1] - 2021-08-09
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add support for Python 3.10. (#359 by [@theskumar])
+
+## [0.19.0] - 2021-07-24
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Require Python 3.5 or a later version. Python 2 and 3.4 are no longer supported. (#341
+  by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Added**
+
+- The `dotenv_path` argument of `set_key` and `unset_key` now has a type of `Union[str,
+os.PathLike]` instead of just `os.PathLike` (#347 by [@bbc2]).
+- The `stream` argument of `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` can now be a text stream
+  (`IO[str]`), which includes values like `io.StringIO("foo")` and `open("file.env",
+"r")` (#348 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.18.0] - 2021-06-20
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Raise `ValueError` if `quote_mode` isn't one of `always`, `auto` or `never` in
+  `set_key` (#330 by [@bbc2]).
+- When writing a value to a .env file with `set_key` or `dotenv set <key> <value>` (#330
+  by [@bbc2]):
+  - Use single quotes instead of double quotes.
+  - Don't strip surrounding quotes.
+  - In `auto` mode, don't add quotes if the value is only made of alphanumeric characters
+    (as determined by `string.isalnum`).
+
+## [0.17.1] - 2021-04-29
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fixed tests for build environments relying on `PYTHONPATH` (#318 by [@befeleme]).
+
+## [0.17.0] - 2021-04-02
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Make `dotenv get <key>` only show the value, not `key=value` (#313 by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `--override`/`--no-override` option to `dotenv run` (#312 by [@zueve] and [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.16.0] - 2021-03-27
+
+**Changed**
+
+- The default value of the `encoding` parameter for `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` is
+  now `"utf-8"` instead of `None` (#306 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix resolution order in variable expansion with `override=False` (#287 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.15.0] - 2020-10-28
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `--export` option to `set` to make it prepend the binding with `export` (#270 by
+  [@jadutter]).
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Make `set` command create the `.env` file in the current directory if no `.env` file was
+  found (#270 by [@jadutter]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix potentially empty expanded value for duplicate key (#260 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix import error on Python 3.5.0 and 3.5.1 (#267 by [@gongqingkui]).
+- Fix parsing of unquoted values containing several adjacent space or tab characters
+  (#277 by [@bbc2], review by [@x-yuri]).
+
+## [0.14.0] - 2020-07-03
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Privilege definition in file over the environment in variable expansion (#256 by
+  [@elbehery95]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Improve error message for when file isn't found (#245 by [@snobu]).
+- Use HTTPS URL in package meta data (#251 by [@ekohl]).
+
+## [0.13.0] - 2020-04-16
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add support for a Bash-like default value in variable expansion (#248 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.12.0] - 2020-02-28
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Use current working directory to find `.env` when bundled by PyInstaller (#213 by
+  [@gergelyk]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix escaping of quoted values written by `set_key` (#236 by [@bbc2]).
+- Fix `dotenv run` crashing on environment variables without values (#237 by [@yannham]).
+- Remove warning when last line is empty (#238 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.11.0] - 2020-02-07
+
+**Added**
+
+- Add `interpolate` argument to `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to disable interpolation
+  (#232 by [@ulyssessouza]).
+
+**Changed**
+
+- Use logging instead of warnings (#231 by [@bbc2]).
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix installation in non-UTF-8 environments (#225 by [@altendky]).
+- Fix PyPI classifiers (#228 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.10.5] - 2020-01-19
+
+**Fixed**
+
+- Fix handling of malformed lines and lines without a value (#222 by [@bbc2]):
+  - Don't print warning when key has no value.
+  - Reject more malformed lines (e.g. "A: B", "a='b',c").
+- Fix handling of lines with just a comment (#224 by [@bbc2]).
+
+## [0.10.4] - 2020-01-17
+
+**Added**
+
+- Make typing optional (#179 by [@techalchemy]).
+- Print a warning on malformed line (#211 by [@bbc2]).
+- Support keys without a value (#220 by [@ulyssessouza]).
+
+## 0.10.3
+
+- Improve interactive mode detection ([@andrewsmith])([#183]).
+- Refactor parser to fix parsing inconsistencies ([@bbc2])([#170]).
+  - Interpret escapes as control characters only in double-quoted strings.
+  - Interpret `#` as start of comment only if preceded by whitespace.
+
+## 0.10.2
+
+- Add type hints and expose them to users ([@qnighy])([#172])
+- `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` now accept an `encoding` parameter, defaults to `None`
+  ([@theskumar])([@earlbread])([#161])
+- Fix `str`/`unicode` inconsistency in Python 2: values are always `str` now. ([@bbc2])([#121])
+- Fix Unicode error in Python 2, introduced in 0.10.0. ([@bbc2])([#176])
+
+## 0.10.1
+
+- Fix parsing of variable without a value ([@asyncee])([@bbc2])([#158])
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+- Add support for UTF-8 in unquoted values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add support for trailing comments ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add backslashes support in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Add support for newlines in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
+- Force environment variables to str with Python2 on Windows ([@greyli])
+- Drop Python 3.3 support ([@greyli])
+- Fix stderr/-out/-in redirection ([@venthur])
+
+## 0.9.0
+
+- Add `--version` parameter to cli ([@venthur])
+- Enable loading from current directory ([@cjauvin])
+- Add 'dotenv run' command for calling arbitrary shell script with .env ([@venthur])
+
+## 0.8.1
+
+- Add tests for docs ([@Flimm])
+- Make 'cli' support optional. Use `pip install python-dotenv[cli]`. ([@theskumar])
+
+## 0.8.0
+
+- `set_key` and `unset_key` only modified the affected file instead of
+  parsing and re-writing file, this causes comments and other file
+  entact as it is.
+- Add support for `export` prefix in the line.
+- Internal refractoring ([@theskumar])
+- Allow `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to work with `StringIO())` ([@alanjds])([@theskumar])([#78])
+
+## 0.7.1
+
+- Remove hard dependency on iPython ([@theskumar])
+
+## 0.7.0
+
+- Add support to override system environment variable via .env.
+  ([@milonimrod](https://github.com/milonimrod))
+  ([\#63](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/63))
+- Disable ".env not found" warning by default
+  ([@maxkoryukov](https://github.com/maxkoryukov))
+  ([\#57](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/57))
+
+## 0.6.5
+
+- Add support for special characters `\`.
+  ([@pjona](https://github.com/pjona))
+  ([\#60](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/60))
+
+## 0.6.4
+
+- Fix issue with single quotes ([@Flimm])
+  ([\#52](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/52))
+
+## 0.6.3
+
+- Handle unicode exception in setup.py
+  ([\#46](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/46))
+
+## 0.6.2
+
+- Fix dotenv list command ([@ticosax](https://github.com/ticosax))
+- Add iPython Support
+  ([@tillahoffmann](https://github.com/tillahoffmann))
+
+## 0.6.0
+
+- Drop support for Python 2.6
+- Handle escaped characters and newlines in quoted values. (Thanks
+  [@iameugenejo](https://github.com/iameugenejo))
+- Remove any spaces around unquoted key/value. (Thanks
+  [@paulochf](https://github.com/paulochf))
+- Added POSIX variable expansion. (Thanks
+  [@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla))
+
+## 0.5.1
+
+- Fix `find_dotenv` - it now start search from the file where this
+  function is called from.
+
+## 0.5.0
+
+- Add `find_dotenv` method that will try to find a `.env` file.
+  (Thanks [@isms](https://github.com/isms))
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+- cli: Added `-q/--quote` option to control the behaviour of quotes
+  around values in `.env`. (Thanks
+  [@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla)).
+- Improved test coverage.
+
+<!-- PR LINKS -->
+
+[#78]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/78
+[#121]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/121
+[#148]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/148
+[#158]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/158
+[#170]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/170
+[#172]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/172
+[#176]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/176
+[#183]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/183
+[#359]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/359
+[#469]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/469
+[#456]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/456
+[#466]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/466
+[#454]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/454
+[#474]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/474
+[#523]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/523
+[#553]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/553
+[#569]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/569
+[#583]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/583
+[#586]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/586
+[#590]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/590
+[#607]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/607
+
+<!-- contributors -->
+
+[@23f3001135]: https://github.com/23f3001135
+[@EpicWink]: https://github.com/EpicWink
+[@Flimm]: https://github.com/Flimm
+[@Nicals]: https://github.com/Nicals
+[@Nougat-Waffle]: https://github.com/Nougat-Waffle
+[@Qwerty-133]: https://github.com/Qwerty-133
+[@alanjds]: https://github.com/alanjds
+[@altendky]: https://github.com/altendky
+[@andrewsmith]: https://github.com/andrewsmith
+[@asyncee]: https://github.com/asyncee
+[@bbc2]: https://github.com/bbc2
+[@befeleme]: https://github.com/befeleme
+[@cjauvin]: https://github.com/cjauvin
+[@eaf]: https://github.com/eaf
+[@earlbread]: https://github.com/earlbread
+[@eekstunt]: https://github.com/eekstunt
+[@eggplants]: https://github.com/@eggplants
+[@ekohl]: https://github.com/ekohl
+[@elbehery95]: https://github.com/elbehery95
+[@eumiro]: https://github.com/eumiro
+[@freddyaboulton]: https://github.com/freddyaboulton
+[@gergelyk]: https://github.com/gergelyk
+[@gongqingkui]: https://github.com/gongqingkui
+[@greyli]: https://github.com/greyli
+[@harveer07]: https://github.com/@harveer07
+[@jadutter]: https://github.com/jadutter
+[@jankislinger]: https://github.com/jankislinger
+[@jctanner]: https://github.com/jctanner
+[@larsks]: https://github.com/@larsks
+[@lsmith77]: https://github.com/lsmith77
+[@matthewfranglen]: https://github.com/matthewfranglen
+[@mgorny]: https://github.com/mgorny
+[@naorlivne]: https://github.com/@naorlivne
+[@qnighy]: https://github.com/qnighy
+[@rabinadk1]: https://github.com/@rabinadk1
+[@randomseed42]: https://github.com/zueve
+[@sammck]: https://github.com/@sammck
+[@samwyma]: https://github.com/samwyma
+[@sidharth-sudhir]: https://github.com/sidharth-sudhir
+[@snobu]: https://github.com/snobu
+[@techalchemy]: https://github.com/techalchemy
+[@theGOTOguy]: https://github.com/theGOTOguy
+[@theskumar]: https://github.com/theskumar
+[@ulyssessouza]: https://github.com/ulyssessouza
+[@venthur]: https://github.com/venthur
+[@wrongontheinternet]: https://github.com/wrongontheinternet
+[@x-yuri]: https://github.com/x-yuri
+[@yannham]: https://github.com/yannham
+[@zueve]: https://github.com/zueve
+[@JYOuyang]: https://github.com/JYOuyang
+[@burnout-projects]: https://github.com/burnout-projects
+[@cpackham-atlnz]: https://github.com/cpackham-atlnz
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.2.2...HEAD
+[1.2.2]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.2.1...v1.2.2
+[1.2.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.2.0...v1.2.1
+[1.2.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.1.1...v1.2.0
+[1.1.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.1.0...v1.1.1
+[1.1.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.1...v1.1.0
+[1.0.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.0...v1.0.1
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v1.0.0
+[0.21.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v0.21.1
+[0.21.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.20.0...v0.21.0
+[0.20.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.2...v0.20.0
+[0.19.2]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.1...v0.19.2
+[0.19.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.0...v0.19.1
+[0.19.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.18.0...v0.19.0
+[0.18.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.1...v0.18.0
+[0.17.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.0...v0.17.1
+[0.17.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.16.0...v0.17.0
+[0.16.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.15.0...v0.16.0
+[0.15.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.14.0...v0.15.0
+[0.14.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.13.0...v0.14.0
+[0.13.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.12.0...v0.13.0
+[0.12.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.11.0...v0.12.0
+[0.11.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.5...v0.11.0
+[0.10.5]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.4...v0.10.5
+[0.10.4]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.3...v0.10.4
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d2c552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+../../../bin/dotenv,sha256=s8qofUmdh6R6xLPDq07Uk4fXXRVWkLRhM27JB1VaNog,261
+dotenv/__init__.py,sha256=bhY-iK6wwHZamWII6eSCuCAWXUNdn2TQFmEOuXSU7SM,1230
+dotenv/__main__.py,sha256=N0RhLG7nHIqtlJHwwepIo-zbJPNx9sewCCRGY528h_4,129
+dotenv/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/ipython.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/parser.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/variables.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+dotenv/cli.py,sha256=tiUqzTj1QfFqrn3SG0acZ7nckI_0T6oIf76Plg8hHHM,6542
+dotenv/ipython.py,sha256=dHQBd9PcdCUphGb67Xwy3GkUqMSdf9XUUiNYxTZ3tYU,1326
+dotenv/main.py,sha256=p9mexbu8E1sit8uBwPKSzjKkYOrIJE51AsTLiS5Fd4o,14683
+dotenv/parser.py,sha256=JSJpd94tGhvnzOv4PL3DreU1Lt5v6rTK7pp8G6RnfL4,5179
+dotenv/py.typed,sha256=8PjyZ1aVoQpRVvt71muvuq5qE-jTFZkK-GLHkhdebmc,26
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+python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=WUMKne6PgRjb9pPkHEo-UVBibRmQH0cnUD2pSZ9aZKE,27524
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+python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=YCfwYGOYMi5Jhw2fU4yNgwErybb2IX5PEwBKV4ZbdBo,91
+python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=yRl1rCbswb1nQTQ_gZRlCw5QfabztUGnfGWLhlXFNdI,47
+python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=gGGbcEnwjIFoOtDgHwjyV6hAZS3XHugxRtNmWMfSwrk,1556
+python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=eyqUH4SHJNr6ahOYlxIunTr4XinE8Z5ajWLdrK3r0D8,7
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef5583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (82.0.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a86823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+dotenv = dotenv.__main__:cli
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a97119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014, Saurabh Kumar (python-dotenv), 2013, Ted Tieken (django-dotenv-rw), 2013, Jacob Kaplan-Moss (django-dotenv)
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+- Neither the name of django-dotenv nor the names of its contributors
+  may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+  without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe7c01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_dotenv-1.2.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+dotenv
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00853e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: python-multipart
+Version: 0.0.32
+Summary: A streaming multipart parser for Python
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://kludex.github.io/python-multipart/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart
+Author-email: Andrew Dunham <andrew@du.nham.ca>
+Maintainer-email: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: Apache-2.0
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# [Python-Multipart](https://kludex.github.io/python-multipart/)
+
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/workflows/CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/python-multipart.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-multipart)
+[![Supported Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/python-multipart.svg?color=%2334D058)](https://pypi.org/project/python-multipart)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1051468649518616576?logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&color=7389D8&labelColor=6A7EC2)](https://discord.gg/RxKUF5JuHs)
+
+---
+
+`python-multipart` is an Apache2-licensed streaming multipart parser for Python.
+Test coverage is currently 100%.
+
+## Why?
+
+Because streaming uploads are awesome for large files.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e565e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/RECORD
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd84226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.30.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d645695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart-0.0.32.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b60cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Copyright 2012, Andrew Dunham
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+__version__ = "0.0.32"
+
+from .multipart import (
+    BaseParser,
+    FormParser,
+    MultipartParser,
+    OctetStreamParser,
+    QuerystringParser,
+    create_form_parser,
+    parse_form,
+)
+
+__all__ = (
+    "BaseParser",
+    "FormParser",
+    "MultipartParser",
+    "OctetStreamParser",
+    "QuerystringParser",
+    "create_form_parser",
+    "parse_form",
+)
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4cdfb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/decoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+import base64
+import binascii
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .exceptions import DecodeError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Protocol, TypeVar
+
+    _T_contra = TypeVar("_T_contra", contravariant=True)
+
+    class SupportsWrite(Protocol[_T_contra]):
+        def write(self, __b: _T_contra) -> object: ...
+
+        # No way to specify optional methods. See
+        # https://github.com/python/typing/issues/601
+        # close() [Optional]
+        # finalize() [Optional]
+
+
+class Base64Decoder:
+    """This object provides an interface to decode a stream of Base64 data.  It
+    is instantiated with an "underlying object", and whenever a write()
+    operation is performed, it will decode the incoming data as Base64, and
+    call write() on the underlying object.  This is primarily used for decoding
+    form data encoded as Base64, but can be used for other purposes::
+
+        from python_multipart.decoders import Base64Decoder
+        fd = open("notb64.txt", "wb")
+        decoder = Base64Decoder(fd)
+        try:
+            decoder.write("Zm9vYmFy")       # "foobar" in Base64
+            decoder.finalize()
+        finally:
+            decoder.close()
+
+        # The contents of "notb64.txt" should be "foobar".
+
+    This object will also pass all finalize() and close() calls to the
+    underlying object, if the underlying object supports them.
+
+    Note that this class maintains a cache of base64 chunks, so that a write of
+    arbitrary size can be performed.  You must call :meth:`finalize` on this
+    object after all writes are completed to ensure that all data is flushed
+    to the underlying object.
+
+    :param underlying: the underlying object to pass writes to
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, underlying: "SupportsWrite[bytes]") -> None:
+        self.cache = bytearray()
+        self.underlying = underlying
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Takes any input data provided, decodes it as base64, and passes it
+        on to the underlying object.  If the data provided is invalid base64
+        data, then this method will raise
+        a :class:`python_multipart.exceptions.DecodeError`
+
+        :param data: base64 data to decode
+        """
+
+        # Prepend any cache info to our data.
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:
+            data = bytes(self.cache) + data
+
+        # Slice off a string that's a multiple of 4.
+        decode_len = (len(data) // 4) * 4
+        val = data[:decode_len]
+
+        # Decode and write, if we have any.
+        if len(val) > 0:
+            try:
+                decoded = base64.b64decode(val)
+            except binascii.Error:
+                raise DecodeError("There was an error raised while decoding base64-encoded data.")
+
+            self.underlying.write(decoded)
+
+        # Get the remaining bytes and save in our cache.
+        remaining_len = len(data) % 4
+        if remaining_len > 0:
+            self.cache[:] = data[-remaining_len:]
+        else:
+            self.cache[:] = b""
+
+        # Return the length of the data to indicate no error.
+        return len(data)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close this decoder.  If the underlying object has a `close()`
+        method, this function will call it.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "close"):
+            self.underlying.close()
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this object.  This should be called when no more data
+        should be written to the stream.  This function can raise a
+        :class:`python_multipart.exceptions.DecodeError` if there is some remaining
+        data in the cache.
+
+        If the underlying object has a `finalize()` method, this function will
+        call it.
+        """
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:
+            raise DecodeError(
+                "There are %d bytes remaining in the Base64Decoder cache when finalize() is called" % len(self.cache)
+            )
+
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "finalize"):
+            self.underlying.finalize()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(underlying={self.underlying!r})"
+
+
+class QuotedPrintableDecoder:
+    """This object provides an interface to decode a stream of quoted-printable
+    data.  It is instantiated with an "underlying object", in the same manner
+    as the :class:`python_multipart.decoders.Base64Decoder` class.  This class behaves
+    in exactly the same way, including maintaining a cache of quoted-printable
+    chunks.
+
+    :param underlying: the underlying object to pass writes to
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, underlying: "SupportsWrite[bytes]") -> None:
+        self.cache = b""
+        self.underlying = underlying
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Takes any input data provided, decodes it as quoted-printable, and
+        passes it on to the underlying object.
+
+        :param data: quoted-printable data to decode
+        """
+        # Prepend any cache info to our data.
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:
+            data = self.cache + data
+
+        # If the last 2 characters have an '=' sign in it, then we won't be
+        # able to decode the encoded value and we'll need to save it for the
+        # next decoding step.
+        if data[-2:].find(b"=") != -1:
+            enc, rest = data[:-2], data[-2:]
+        else:
+            enc = data
+            rest = b""
+
+        # Encode and write, if we have data.
+        if len(enc) > 0:
+            self.underlying.write(binascii.a2b_qp(enc))
+
+        # Save remaining in cache.
+        self.cache = rest
+        return len(data)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close this decoder.  If the underlying object has a `close()`
+        method, this function will call it.
+        """
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "close"):
+            self.underlying.close()
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this object.  This should be called when no more data
+        should be written to the stream.  This function will not raise any
+        exceptions, but it may write more data to the underlying object if
+        there is data remaining in the cache.
+
+        If the underlying object has a `finalize()` method, this function will
+        call it.
+        """
+        # If we have a cache, write and then remove it.
+        if len(self.cache) > 0:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.underlying.write(binascii.a2b_qp(self.cache))
+            self.cache = b""
+
+        # Finalize our underlying stream.
+        if hasattr(self.underlying, "finalize"):
+            self.underlying.finalize()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(underlying={self.underlying!r})"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e7df21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+class FormParserError(ValueError):
+    """Base error class for our form parser."""
+
+
+class ParseError(FormParserError):
+    """This exception (or a subclass) is raised when there is an error while
+    parsing something.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, *, offset: int = -1) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.offset = offset
+
+
+class MultipartParseError(ParseError):
+    """This is a specific error that is raised when the MultipartParser detects
+    an error while parsing.
+    """
+
+
+class QuerystringParseError(ParseError):
+    """This is a specific error that is raised when the QuerystringParser
+    detects an error while parsing.
+    """
+
+
+class DecodeError(ParseError):
+    """This exception is raised when there is a decoding error - for example
+    with the Base64Decoder or QuotedPrintableDecoder.
+    """
+
+
+class FileError(FormParserError, OSError):
+    """Exception class for problems with the File class."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/multipart.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887cf60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1925 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from enum import IntEnum
+from io import BufferedRandom, BytesIO
+from numbers import Number
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
+
+from .decoders import Base64Decoder, QuotedPrintableDecoder
+from .exceptions import FileError, FormParserError, MultipartParseError, QuerystringParseError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol, TypeAlias, TypedDict
+
+    class SupportsRead(Protocol):
+        def read(self, __n: int) -> bytes: ...
+
+    class QuerystringCallbacks(TypedDict, total=False):
+        on_field_start: Callable[[], None]
+        on_field_name: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_field_data: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_field_end: Callable[[], None]
+        on_end: Callable[[], None]
+
+    class OctetStreamCallbacks(TypedDict, total=False):
+        on_start: Callable[[], None]
+        on_data: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_end: Callable[[], None]
+
+    class MultipartCallbacks(TypedDict, total=False):
+        on_part_begin: Callable[[], None]
+        on_part_data: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_part_end: Callable[[], None]
+        on_header_begin: Callable[[], None]
+        on_header_field: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_header_value: Callable[[bytes, int, int], None]
+        on_header_end: Callable[[], None]
+        on_headers_finished: Callable[[], None]
+        on_end: Callable[[], None]
+
+    class FileConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
+        UPLOAD_DIR: str | bytes | None
+        UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP: bool
+        UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME: bool
+        UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS: bool
+        MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE: int
+
+    class FormParserConfig(FileConfig):
+        UPLOAD_ERROR_ON_BAD_CTE: bool
+        MAX_BODY_SIZE: float
+        MAX_HEADER_COUNT: int
+        MAX_HEADER_SIZE: int
+
+    CallbackName: TypeAlias = Literal[
+        "start",
+        "data",
+        "end",
+        "field_start",
+        "field_name",
+        "field_data",
+        "field_end",
+        "part_begin",
+        "part_data",
+        "part_end",
+        "header_begin",
+        "header_field",
+        "header_value",
+        "header_end",
+        "headers_finished",
+    ]
+
+# Unique missing object.
+_missing = object()
+
+
+class QuerystringState(IntEnum):
+    """Querystring parser states.
+
+    These are used to keep track of the state of the parser, and are used to determine
+    what to do when new data is encountered.
+    """
+
+    BEFORE_FIELD = 0
+    FIELD_NAME = 1
+    FIELD_DATA = 2
+
+
+class MultipartState(IntEnum):
+    """Multipart parser states.
+
+    These are used to keep track of the state of the parser, and are used to determine
+    what to do when new data is encountered.
+    """
+
+    START = 0
+    START_BOUNDARY = 1
+    HEADER_FIELD_START = 2
+    HEADER_FIELD = 3
+    HEADER_VALUE_START = 4
+    HEADER_VALUE = 5
+    HEADER_VALUE_ALMOST_DONE = 6
+    HEADERS_ALMOST_DONE = 7
+    PART_DATA_START = 8
+    PART_DATA = 9
+    PART_DATA_END = 10
+    END_BOUNDARY = 11
+    END = 12
+
+
+# Flags for the multipart parser.
+FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY = 1
+FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY = 2
+
+# Get constants.  Since iterating over a str on Python 2 gives you a 1-length
+# string, but iterating over a bytes object on Python 3 gives you an integer,
+# we need to save these constants.
+CR = b"\r"[0]
+LF = b"\n"[0]
+COLON = b":"[0]
+SPACE = b" "[0]
+HYPHEN = b"-"[0]
+AMPERSAND = b"&"[0]
+LOWER_A = b"a"[0]
+LOWER_Z = b"z"[0]
+NULL = b"\x00"[0]
+
+# fmt: off
+# Mask for ASCII characters that can be http tokens.
+# Per RFC7230 - 3.2.6, this is all alpha-numeric characters
+# and these: !#$%&'*+-.^_`|~
+TOKEN_CHARS = (
+    b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+    b"0123456789"
+    b"!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~")
+TOKEN_CHARS_SET = frozenset(TOKEN_CHARS)
+# fmt: on
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_COUNT = 8
+"""Default maximum number of headers allowed per multipart part."""
+
+DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 4096 + 128
+"""Default maximum size of a single multipart header line, including syntax overhead."""
+
+MAX_BOUNDARY_LENGTH = 256
+"""Maximum allowed length of a multipart boundary.
+
+[RFC 2046 §5.1.1](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2046#section-5.1.1)
+recommends boundaries be at most 70 bytes. 256 bytes is generous headroom over
+every HTTP client.
+"""
+
+
+def _parseparam(s: str) -> list[str]:
+    # Vendored from the standard library's
+    # [`email.message._parseparam`](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.14.2/Lib/email/message.py#L73-L96)
+    # to split a header into its `;`-separated parts without treating a `;` inside a double-quoted string as a
+    # separator - and without the RFC 2231 decoding that `email.message.Message.get_params` would apply on top.
+    s = ";" + s
+    plist: list[str] = []
+    start = 0
+    while s.find(";", start) == start:
+        start += 1
+        end = s.find(";", start)
+        ind, diff = start, 0
+        while end > 0:
+            diff += s.count('"', ind, end) - s.count('\\"', ind, end)
+            if diff % 2 == 0:
+                break
+            end, ind = ind, s.find(";", end + 1)
+        if end < 0:
+            end = len(s)
+        i = s.find("=", start, end)
+        if i == -1:
+            f = s[start:end]
+        else:
+            f = s[start:i].rstrip().lower() + "=" + s[i + 1 : end].lstrip()
+        plist.append(f.strip())
+        start = end
+    return plist
+
+
+def parse_options_header(value: str | bytes | None) -> tuple[bytes, dict[bytes, bytes]]:
+    """Parses a Content-Type header into a value in the following format: (content_type, {parameters})."""
+    if not value:
+        return (b"", {})
+
+    # If we are passed bytes, we assume that it conforms to WSGI, encoding in latin-1.
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):  # pragma: no cover
+        value = value.decode("latin-1")
+
+    # For types
+    assert isinstance(value, str), "Value should be a string by now"
+
+    # If we have no options, return the string as-is.
+    if ";" not in value:
+        return (value.lower().strip().encode("latin-1"), {})
+
+    ctype, *segments = _parseparam(value)
+    options: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
+    for segment in segments:
+        key, _, val = segment.partition("=")
+        # [RFC 7578 §4.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2)
+        # forbids the RFC 5987/2231 extended syntax (`key*=`, `key*0`, ...) in
+        # multipart/form-data, so we ignore those parameters and keep the plain
+        # `key` authoritative.
+        if "*" in key:
+            continue
+        if len(val) >= 2 and val[0] == '"' and val[-1] == '"':
+            val = val[1:-1].replace("\\\\", "\\").replace('\\"', '"')
+        # Work around an IE6 bug where the full file path is sent instead of
+        # just the filename.
+        if key == "filename" and (val[1:3] == ":\\" or val[:2] == "\\\\"):
+            val = val.split("\\")[-1]
+        options[key.encode("latin-1")] = val.encode("latin-1")
+    return ctype.encode("latin-1"), options
+
+
+class Field:
+    """A Field object represents a (parsed) form field.  It represents a single
+    field with a corresponding name and value.
+
+    The name that a :class:`Field` will be instantiated with is the same name
+    that would be found in the following HTML::
+
+        <input name="name_goes_here" type="text"/>
+
+    This class defines two methods, :meth:`on_data` and :meth:`on_end`, that
+    will be called when data is written to the Field, and when the Field is
+    finalized, respectively.
+
+    Args:
+        name: The name of the form field.
+        content_type: The value of the Content-Type header for this field.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: bytes | None, *, content_type: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+        self._value: list[bytes] = []
+        self._content_type = content_type
+
+        # We cache the joined version of _value for speed.
+        self._cache = _missing
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_value(cls, name: bytes, value: bytes | None) -> Field:
+        """Create an instance of a :class:`Field`, and set the corresponding
+        value - either None or an actual value.  This method will also
+        finalize the Field itself.
+
+        Args:
+            name: the name of the form field.
+            value: the value of the form field - either a bytestring or None.
+
+        Returns:
+            A new instance of a [`Field`][python_multipart.Field].
+        """
+
+        f = cls(name)
+        if value is None:
+            f.set_none()
+        else:
+            f.write(value)
+        f.finalize()
+        return f
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data into the form field.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the field.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        return self.on_data(data)
+
+    def on_data(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """This method is a callback that will be called whenever data is
+        written to the Field.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the field.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        self._value.append(data)
+        self._cache = _missing
+        return len(data)
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        """This method is called whenever the Field is finalized."""
+        if self._cache is _missing:
+            self._cache = b"".join(self._value)
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize the form field."""
+        self.on_end()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the Field object.  This will free any underlying cache."""
+        # Free our value array.
+        if self._cache is _missing:
+            self._cache = b"".join(self._value)
+
+        del self._value
+
+    def set_none(self) -> None:
+        """Some fields in a querystring can possibly have a value of None - for
+        example, the string "foo&bar=&baz=asdf" will have a field with the
+        name "foo" and value None, one with name "bar" and value "", and one
+        with name "baz" and value "asdf".  Since the write() interface doesn't
+        support writing None, this function will set the field value to None.
+        """
+        self._cache = None
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """This property returns the name of the field."""
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def value(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """This property returns the value of the form field."""
+        if self._cache is _missing:
+            self._cache = b"".join(self._value)
+
+        assert isinstance(self._cache, bytes) or self._cache is None
+        return self._cache
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        """This property returns the content_type value of the field."""
+        return self._content_type
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(other, Field):
+            return self.field_name == other.field_name and self.value == other.value
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.value is not None and len(self.value) > 97:
+            # We get the repr, and then insert three dots before the final
+            # quote.
+            v = repr(self.value[:97])[:-1] + "...'"
+        else:
+            v = repr(self.value)
+
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(field_name={self.field_name!r}, value={v})"
+
+
+class File:
+    """This class represents an uploaded file.  It handles writing file data to
+    either an in-memory file or a temporary file on-disk, if the optional
+    threshold is passed.
+
+    There are some options that can be passed to the File to change behavior
+    of the class.  Valid options are as follows:
+
+    | Name                  | Type  | Default | Description |
+    |-----------------------|-------|---------|-------------|
+    | UPLOAD_DIR            | `str` | None    | The directory to store uploaded files in. If this is None, a temporary file will be created in the system's standard location. |
+    | UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP     | `bool`| True    | Delete automatically created TMP file |
+    | UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME  | `bool`| False   | Whether or not to keep the filename of the uploaded file. If True, then the filename will be converted to a safe representation (e.g. by removing any invalid path segments), and then saved with the same name). Otherwise, a temporary name will be used. |
+    | UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS| `bool`| False   | Whether or not to keep the uploaded file's extension. If False, the file will be saved with the default temporary extension (usually ".tmp"). Otherwise, the file's extension will be maintained. Note that this will properly combine with the UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME setting. |
+    | MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE  | `int` | 1 MiB   | The maximum number of bytes of a File to keep in memory. By default, the contents of a File are kept into memory until a certain limit is reached, after which the contents of the File are written to a temporary file. This behavior can be disabled by setting this value to an appropriately large value (or, for example, infinity, such as `float('inf')`. |
+
+    Args:
+        file_name: The name of the file that this [`File`][python_multipart.File] represents.
+        field_name: The name of the form field that this file was uploaded with.  This can be None, if, for example,
+            the file was uploaded with Content-Type application/octet-stream.
+        config: The configuration for this File.  See above for valid configuration keys and their corresponding values.
+        content_type: The value of the Content-Type header.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file_name: bytes | None,
+        field_name: bytes | None = None,
+        config: FileConfig = {},
+        *,
+        content_type: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Save configuration, set other variables default.
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self._config = config
+        self._in_memory = True
+        self._bytes_written = 0
+        self._fileobj: BytesIO | BufferedRandom = BytesIO()
+
+        # Save the provided field/file name and content type.
+        self._field_name = field_name
+        self._file_name = file_name
+        self._content_type = content_type
+
+        # Our actual file name is None by default, since, depending on our
+        # config, we may not actually use the provided name.
+        self._actual_file_name: bytes | None = None
+
+        # Split the extension from the filename.
+        if file_name is not None:
+            # Extract just the basename to avoid directory traversal
+            basename = os.path.basename(file_name)
+            base, ext = os.path.splitext(basename)
+            self._file_base = base
+            self._ext = ext
+
+    @property
+    def field_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """The form field associated with this file.  May be None if there isn't
+        one, for example when we have an application/octet-stream upload.
+        """
+        return self._field_name
+
+    @property
+    def file_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """The file name given in the upload request."""
+        return self._file_name
+
+    @property
+    def actual_file_name(self) -> bytes | None:
+        """The file name that this file is saved as.  Will be None if it's not
+        currently saved on disk.
+        """
+        return self._actual_file_name
+
+    @property
+    def file_object(self) -> BytesIO | BufferedRandom:
+        """The file object that we're currently writing to.  Note that this
+        will either be an instance of a :class:`io.BytesIO`, or a regular file
+        object.
+        """
+        return self._fileobj
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> int:
+        """The total size of this file, counted as the number of bytes that
+        currently have been written to the file.
+        """
+        return self._bytes_written
+
+    @property
+    def in_memory(self) -> bool:
+        """A boolean representing whether or not this file object is currently
+        stored in-memory or on-disk.
+        """
+        return self._in_memory
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        """The Content-Type value for this part, if it was set."""
+        return self._content_type
+
+    def flush_to_disk(self) -> None:
+        """If the file is already on-disk, do nothing.  Otherwise, copy from
+        the in-memory buffer to a disk file, and then reassign our internal
+        file object to this new disk file.
+
+        Note that if you attempt to flush a file that is already on-disk, a
+        warning will be logged to this module's logger.
+        """
+        if not self._in_memory:
+            self.logger.warning("Trying to flush to disk when we're not in memory")
+            return
+
+        # Go back to the start of our file.
+        self._fileobj.seek(0)
+
+        # Open a new file.
+        new_file = self._get_disk_file()
+
+        # Copy the file objects.
+        shutil.copyfileobj(self._fileobj, new_file)
+
+        # Seek to the new position in our new file.
+        new_file.seek(self._bytes_written)
+
+        # Reassign the fileobject.
+        old_fileobj = self._fileobj
+        self._fileobj = new_file
+
+        # We're no longer in memory.
+        self._in_memory = False
+
+        # Close the old file object.
+        old_fileobj.close()
+
+    def _get_disk_file(self) -> BufferedRandom:
+        """This function is responsible for getting a file object on-disk for us."""
+        self.logger.info("Opening a file on disk")
+
+        file_dir = self._config.get("UPLOAD_DIR")
+        keep_filename = self._config.get("UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME", False)
+        keep_extensions = self._config.get("UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS", False)
+        delete_tmp = self._config.get("UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP", True)
+        tmp_file: None | BufferedRandom = None
+
+        # If we have a directory and are to keep the filename...
+        if file_dir is not None and keep_filename:
+            self.logger.info("Saving with filename in: %r", file_dir)
+
+            # Build our filename.
+            # TODO: what happens if we don't have a filename?
+            fname = self._file_base + self._ext if keep_extensions else self._file_base
+
+            path = os.path.join(file_dir, fname)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            try:
+                self.logger.info("Opening file: %r", path)
+                tmp_file = open(path, "w+b")
+            except OSError:
+                tmp_file = None
+
+                self.logger.exception("Error opening temporary file")
+                raise FileError("Error opening temporary file: %r" % path)
+        else:
+            # Build options array.
+            # Note that on Python 3, tempfile doesn't support byte names.  We
+            # encode our paths using the default filesystem encoding.
+            suffix = self._ext.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()) if keep_extensions else None
+
+            if file_dir is None:
+                dir = None
+            elif isinstance(file_dir, bytes):
+                dir = file_dir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+            else:
+                dir = file_dir  # pragma: no cover
+
+            # Create a temporary (named) file with the appropriate settings.
+            self.logger.info(
+                "Creating a temporary file with options: %r", {"suffix": suffix, "delete": delete_tmp, "dir": dir}
+            )
+            try:
+                tmp_file = cast(BufferedRandom, tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=suffix, delete=delete_tmp, dir=dir))
+            except OSError:
+                self.logger.exception("Error creating named temporary file")
+                raise FileError("Error creating named temporary file")
+
+            assert tmp_file is not None
+            # Encode filename as bytes.
+            if isinstance(tmp_file.name, str):
+                fname = tmp_file.name.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+            else:
+                fname = cast(bytes, tmp_file.name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self._actual_file_name = fname
+        return tmp_file
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the File.
+
+        :param data: a bytestring
+        """
+        return self.on_data(data)
+
+    def on_data(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """This method is a callback that will be called whenever data is
+        written to the File.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the file.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        bwritten = self._fileobj.write(data)
+
+        # If the bytes written isn't the same as the length, just return.
+        if bwritten != len(data):
+            self.logger.warning("bwritten != len(data) (%d != %d)", bwritten, len(data))
+            return bwritten
+
+        # Keep track of how many bytes we've written.
+        self._bytes_written += bwritten
+
+        # If we're in-memory and are over our limit, we create a file.
+        max_memory_file_size = self._config.get("MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE")
+        if self._in_memory and max_memory_file_size is not None and (self._bytes_written > max_memory_file_size):
+            self.logger.info("Flushing to disk")
+            self.flush_to_disk()
+
+        # Return the number of bytes written.
+        return bwritten
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        """This method is called whenever the Field is finalized."""
+        # Flush the underlying file object
+        self._fileobj.flush()
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize the form file.  This will not close the underlying file,
+        but simply signal that we are finished writing to the File.
+        """
+        self.on_end()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the File object.  This will actually close the underlying
+        file object (whether it's a :class:`io.BytesIO` or an actual file
+        object).
+        """
+        self._fileobj.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(file_name={self.file_name!r}, field_name={self.field_name!r})"
+
+
+class BaseParser:
+    """This class is the base class for all parsers.  It contains the logic for
+    calling and adding callbacks.
+
+    A callback can be one of two different forms.  "Notification callbacks" are
+    callbacks that are called when something happens - for example, when a new
+    part of a multipart message is encountered by the parser.  "Data callbacks"
+    are called when we get some sort of data - for example, part of the body of
+    a multipart chunk.  Notification callbacks are called with no parameters,
+    whereas data callbacks are called with three, as follows::
+
+        data_callback(data, start, end)
+
+    The "data" parameter is a bytestring (i.e. "foo" on Python 2, or b"foo" on
+    Python 3).  "start" and "end" are integer indexes into the "data" string
+    that represent the data of interest.  Thus, in a data callback, the slice
+    `data[start:end]` represents the data that the callback is "interested in".
+    The callback is not passed a copy of the data, since copying severely hurts
+    performance.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+        self.callbacks: QuerystringCallbacks | OctetStreamCallbacks | MultipartCallbacks = {}
+
+    def callback(
+        self, name: CallbackName, data: bytes | None = None, start: int | None = None, end: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """This function calls a provided callback with some data.  If the
+        callback is not set, will do nothing.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name of the callback to call (as a string).
+            data: Data to pass to the callback.  If None, then it is assumed that the callback is a notification
+                callback, and no parameters are given.
+            end: An integer that is passed to the data callback.
+            start: An integer that is passed to the data callback.
+        """
+        func = self.callbacks.get("on_" + name)
+        if func is None:
+            return
+        func = cast("Callable[..., Any]", func)
+        # Depending on whether we're given a buffer...
+        if data is not None:
+            # Don't do anything if we have start == end.
+            if start is not None and start == end:
+                return
+            func(data, start, end)
+        else:
+            func()
+
+    def set_callback(self, name: CallbackName, new_func: Callable[..., Any] | None) -> None:
+        """Update the function for a callback.  Removes from the callbacks dict
+        if new_func is None.
+
+        :param name: The name of the callback to call (as a string).
+
+        :param new_func: The new function for the callback.  If None, then the
+                         callback will be removed (with no error if it does not
+                         exist).
+        """
+        if new_func is None:
+            self.callbacks.pop("on_" + name, None)  # type: ignore[misc]
+        else:
+            self.callbacks["on_" + name] = new_func  # type: ignore[literal-required]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "%s()" % self.__class__.__name__
+
+
+class OctetStreamParser(BaseParser):
+    """This parser parses an octet-stream request body and calls callbacks when
+    incoming data is received.  Callbacks are as follows:
+
+    | Callback Name  | Parameters      | Description                                         |
+    |----------------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+    | on_start       | None            | Called when the first data is parsed.               |
+    | on_data        | data, start, end| Called for each data chunk that is parsed.           |
+    | on_end         | None            | Called when the parser is finished parsing all data.|
+
+    Args:
+        callbacks: A dictionary of callbacks.  See the documentation for [`BaseParser`][python_multipart.BaseParser].
+        max_size: The maximum size of body to parse.  Defaults to infinity - i.e. unbounded.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, callbacks: OctetStreamCallbacks = {}, max_size: float = float("inf")):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+        self._started = False
+
+        if not isinstance(max_size, Number) or max_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_size must be a positive number, not %r" % max_size)
+        self.max_size: int | float = max_size
+        self._current_size = 0
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the parser, which will perform size verification,
+        and then pass the data to the underlying callback.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the parser.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        if not self._started:
+            self.callback("start")
+            self._started = True
+
+        # Truncate data length.
+        data_len = len(data)
+        if (self._current_size + data_len) > self.max_size:
+            # We truncate the length of data that we are to process.
+            new_size = int(self.max_size - self._current_size)
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Current size is %d (max %d), so truncating data length from %d to %d",
+                self._current_size,
+                self.max_size,
+                data_len,
+                new_size,
+            )
+            data_len = new_size
+
+        # Increment size, then callback, in case there's an exception.
+        self._current_size += data_len
+        self.callback("data", data, 0, data_len)
+        return data_len
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this parser, which signals to that we are finished parsing,
+        and sends the on_end callback.
+        """
+        self.callback("end")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "%s()" % self.__class__.__name__
+
+
+class QuerystringParser(BaseParser):
+    """This is a streaming querystring parser.  It will consume data, and call
+    the callbacks given when it has data.
+
+    | Callback Name  | Parameters      | Description                                         |
+    |----------------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
+    | on_field_start | None            | Called when a new field is encountered.             |
+    | on_field_name  | data, start, end| Called when a portion of a field's name is encountered. |
+    | on_field_data  | data, start, end| Called when a portion of a field's data is encountered. |
+    | on_field_end   | None            | Called when the end of a field is encountered.      |
+    | on_end         | None            | Called when the parser is finished parsing all data.|
+
+    Args:
+        callbacks: A dictionary of callbacks.  See the documentation for [`BaseParser`][python_multipart.BaseParser].
+        strict_parsing: Whether or not to parse the body strictly.  Defaults to False.  If this is set to True, then the
+            behavior of the parser changes as the following: if a field has a value with an equal sign
+            (e.g. "foo=bar", or "foo="), it is always included.  If a field has no equals sign (e.g. "...&name&..."),
+            it will be treated as an error if 'strict_parsing' is True, otherwise included.  If an error is encountered,
+            then a [`QuerystringParseError`][python_multipart.exceptions.QuerystringParseError] will be raised.
+        max_size: The maximum size of body to parse.  Defaults to infinity - i.e. unbounded.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    state: QuerystringState
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, callbacks: QuerystringCallbacks = {}, strict_parsing: bool = False, max_size: float = float("inf")
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.state = QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD
+        self._found_sep = False
+
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+
+        # Max-size stuff
+        if not isinstance(max_size, Number) or max_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_size must be a positive number, not %r" % max_size)
+        self.max_size: int | float = max_size
+        self._current_size = 0
+
+        # Should parsing be strict?
+        self.strict_parsing = strict_parsing
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the parser, which will perform size verification,
+        parse into either a field name or value, and then pass the
+        corresponding data to the underlying callback.  If an error is
+        encountered while parsing, a QuerystringParseError will be raised.  The
+        "offset" attribute of the raised exception will be set to the offset in
+        the input data chunk (NOT the overall stream) that caused the error.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the parser.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        # Handle sizing.
+        data_len = len(data)
+        if (self._current_size + data_len) > self.max_size:
+            # We truncate the length of data that we are to process.
+            new_size = int(self.max_size - self._current_size)
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Current size is %d (max %d), so truncating data length from %d to %d",
+                self._current_size,
+                self.max_size,
+                data_len,
+                new_size,
+            )
+            data_len = new_size
+
+        l = 0
+        try:
+            l = self._internal_write(data, data_len)
+        finally:
+            self._current_size += l
+
+        return l
+
+    def _internal_write(self, data: bytes, length: int) -> int:
+        state = self.state
+        strict_parsing = self.strict_parsing
+        found_sep = self._found_sep
+
+        i = 0
+        while i < length:
+            ch = data[i]
+
+            # Depending on our state...
+            if state == QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD:
+                # If the 'found_sep' flag is set, we've already encountered
+                # and skipped a single separator.  If so, we check our strict
+                # parsing flag and decide what to do.  Otherwise, we haven't
+                # yet reached a separator, and thus, if we do, we need to skip
+                # it as it will be the boundary between fields that's supposed
+                # to be there.
+                if ch == AMPERSAND:
+                    if found_sep:
+                        # If we're parsing strictly, we disallow blank chunks.
+                        if strict_parsing:
+                            raise QuerystringParseError("Skipping duplicate ampersand at %d" % i, offset=i)
+                        else:
+                            self.logger.debug("Skipping duplicate ampersand at %d", i)
+                    else:
+                        # This case is when we're skipping the (first)
+                        # separator between fields, so we just set our flag
+                        # and continue on.
+                        found_sep = True
+                else:
+                    # Emit a field-start event, and go to that state.  Also,
+                    # reset the "found_sep" flag, for the next time we get to
+                    # this state.
+                    self.callback("field_start")
+                    i -= 1
+                    state = QuerystringState.FIELD_NAME
+                    found_sep = False
+
+            elif state == QuerystringState.FIELD_NAME:
+                # Try and find a separator - we ensure that, if we do, we only
+                # look for the equal sign before it.
+                sep_pos = data.find(b"&", i, length)
+
+                # See if we can find an equals sign in the remaining data.  If
+                # so, we can immediately emit the field name and jump to the
+                # data state.
+                if sep_pos != -1:
+                    equals_pos = data.find(b"=", i, sep_pos)
+                else:
+                    equals_pos = data.find(b"=", i, length)
+
+                if equals_pos != -1:
+                    # Emit this name.
+                    self.callback("field_name", data, i, equals_pos)
+
+                    # Jump i to this position.  Note that it will then have 1
+                    # added to it below, which means the next iteration of this
+                    # loop will inspect the character after the equals sign.
+                    i = equals_pos
+                    state = QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA
+                else:
+                    # No equals sign found.
+                    if not strict_parsing:
+                        # See also comments in the QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA case below.
+                        # If we found the separator, we emit the name and just
+                        # end - there's no data callback at all (not even with
+                        # a blank value).
+                        if sep_pos != -1:
+                            self.callback("field_name", data, i, sep_pos)
+                            self.callback("field_end")
+
+                            i = sep_pos - 1
+                            state = QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD
+                        else:
+                            # Otherwise, no separator in this block, so the
+                            # rest of this chunk must be a name.
+                            self.callback("field_name", data, i, length)
+                            i = length
+
+                    else:
+                        # We're parsing strictly.  If we find a separator,
+                        # this is an error - we require an equals sign.
+                        if sep_pos != -1:
+                            raise QuerystringParseError(
+                                "When strict_parsing is True, we require an "
+                                "equals sign in all field chunks. Did not "
+                                "find one in the chunk that starts at %d" % (i,),
+                                offset=i,
+                            )
+
+                        # No separator in the rest of this chunk, so it's just
+                        # a field name.
+                        self.callback("field_name", data, i, length)
+                        i = length
+
+            elif state == QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA:
+                # Try finding an ampersand after this position.
+                sep_pos = data.find(b"&", i, length)
+
+                # If we found it, callback this bit as data and then go back
+                # to expecting to find a field.
+                if sep_pos != -1:
+                    self.callback("field_data", data, i, sep_pos)
+                    self.callback("field_end")
+
+                    # Note that we go to the separator, which brings us to the
+                    # "before field" state.  This allows us to properly emit
+                    # "field_start" events only when we actually have data for
+                    # a field of some sort.
+                    i = sep_pos - 1
+                    state = QuerystringState.BEFORE_FIELD
+
+                # Otherwise, emit the rest as data and finish.
+                else:
+                    self.callback("field_data", data, i, length)
+                    i = length
+
+            else:  # pragma: no cover (error case)
+                msg = "Reached an unknown state %d at %d" % (state, i)
+                self.logger.warning(msg)
+                raise QuerystringParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+            i += 1
+
+        self.state = state
+        self._found_sep = found_sep
+        return length
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this parser, which signals to that we are finished parsing,
+        if we're still in the middle of a field, an on_field_end callback, and
+        then the on_end callback.
+        """
+        # If we're currently in the middle of a field, we finish it.
+        if self.state in (QuerystringState.FIELD_DATA, QuerystringState.FIELD_NAME):
+            self.callback("field_end")
+        self.callback("end")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "{}(strict_parsing={!r}, max_size={!r})".format(
+            self.__class__.__name__, self.strict_parsing, self.max_size
+        )
+
+
+class MultipartParser(BaseParser):
+    """This class is a streaming multipart/form-data parser.
+
+    | Callback Name      | Parameters      | Description |
+    |--------------------|-----------------|-------------|
+    | on_part_begin      | None            | Called when a new part of the multipart message is encountered. |
+    | on_part_data       | data, start, end| Called when a portion of a part's data is encountered. |
+    | on_part_end        | None            | Called when the end of a part is reached. |
+    | on_header_begin    | None            | Called when we've found a new header in a part of a multipart message |
+    | on_header_field    | data, start, end| Called each time an additional portion of a header is read (i.e. the part of the header that is before the colon; the "Foo" in "Foo: Bar"). |
+    | on_header_value    | data, start, end| Called when we get data for a header. |
+    | on_header_end      | None            | Called when the current header is finished - i.e. we've reached the newline at the end of the header. |
+    | on_headers_finished| None            | Called when all headers are finished, and before the part data starts. |
+    | on_end             | None            | Called when the parser is finished parsing all data. |
+
+    Args:
+        boundary: The multipart boundary.  This is required, and must match what is given in the HTTP request - usually in the Content-Type header.
+        callbacks: A dictionary of callbacks.  See the documentation for [`BaseParser`][python_multipart.BaseParser].
+        max_size: The maximum size of body to parse.  Defaults to infinity - i.e. unbounded.
+        max_header_count: The maximum number of headers allowed per part.
+        max_header_size: The maximum size of a single header line (excluding the trailing CRLF).
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        boundary: bytes | str,
+        callbacks: MultipartCallbacks = {},
+        max_size: float = float("inf"),
+        *,
+        max_header_count: int = DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_COUNT,
+        max_header_size: int = DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Initialize parser state.
+        super().__init__()
+        self.state = MultipartState.START
+        self.index = self.flags = 0
+
+        self.callbacks = callbacks
+
+        if not isinstance(max_size, Number) or max_size < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_size must be a positive number, not %r" % max_size)
+        self.max_size = max_size
+        self._current_size = 0
+
+        self.max_header_count = max_header_count
+        self._current_header_count = 0
+
+        self.max_header_size = max_header_size
+        self._current_header_size = 0
+
+        # Setup marks.  These are used to track the state of data received.
+        self.marks: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+        # Save our boundary.
+        if isinstance(boundary, str):  # pragma: no cover
+            boundary = boundary.encode("latin-1")
+        if len(boundary) > MAX_BOUNDARY_LENGTH:
+            raise FormParserError(f"Boundary length {len(boundary)} exceeds maximum of {MAX_BOUNDARY_LENGTH}")
+        self.boundary = b"\r\n--" + boundary
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data to the parser, which will perform size verification,
+        and then parse the data into the appropriate location (e.g. header,
+        data, etc.), and pass this on to the underlying callback.  If an error
+        is encountered, a MultipartParseError will be raised.  The "offset"
+        attribute on the raised exception will be set to the offset of the byte
+        in the input chunk that caused the error.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write to the parser.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes written.
+        """
+        # Handle sizing.
+        data_len = len(data)
+        if (self._current_size + data_len) > self.max_size:
+            # We truncate the length of data that we are to process.
+            new_size = int(self.max_size - self._current_size)
+            self.logger.warning(
+                "Current size is %d (max %d), so truncating data length from %d to %d",
+                self._current_size,
+                self.max_size,
+                data_len,
+                new_size,
+            )
+            data_len = new_size
+
+        l = 0
+        try:
+            l = self._internal_write(data, data_len)
+        finally:
+            self._current_size += l
+
+        return l
+
+    def _internal_write(self, data: bytes, length: int) -> int:
+        # Get values from locals.
+        boundary = self.boundary
+        boundary_length = len(boundary)
+
+        # Get our state, flags and index.  These are persisted between calls to
+        # this function.
+        state = self.state
+        index = self.index
+        flags = self.flags
+        current_header_count = self._current_header_count
+        current_header_size = self._current_header_size
+
+        # Our index defaults to 0.
+        i = 0
+
+        def advance_header_size(amount: int = 1) -> None:
+            nonlocal current_header_size
+            current_header_size += amount
+            if current_header_size > self.max_header_size:
+                raise MultipartParseError("Maximum header size exceeded", offset=i)
+
+        # Set a mark.
+        def set_mark(name: str) -> None:
+            self.marks[name] = i
+
+        # Remove a mark.
+        def delete_mark(name: str, reset: bool = False) -> None:
+            self.marks.pop(name, None)
+
+        # Helper function that makes calling a callback with data easier. The
+        # 'remaining' parameter will callback from the marked value until the
+        # end of the buffer, and reset the mark, instead of deleting it.  This
+        # is used at the end of the function to call our callbacks with any
+        # remaining data in this chunk.
+        def data_callback(name: CallbackName, end_i: int, remaining: bool = False) -> None:
+            marked_index = self.marks.get(name)
+            if marked_index is None:
+                return
+
+            # Otherwise, we call it from the mark to the current byte we're
+            # processing.
+            if end_i <= marked_index:
+                # There is no additional data to send.
+                pass
+            elif marked_index >= 0:
+                # We are emitting data from the local buffer.
+                self.callback(name, data, marked_index, end_i)
+            else:
+                # Some of the data comes from a partial boundary match.
+                # and requires look-behind.
+                # We need to use self.flags (and not flags) because we care about
+                # the state when we entered the loop.
+                lookbehind_len = -marked_index
+                if lookbehind_len <= boundary_length:
+                    self.callback(name, boundary, 0, lookbehind_len)
+                elif self.flags & FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY:
+                    lookback = boundary + b"\r\n"
+                    self.callback(name, lookback, 0, lookbehind_len)
+                elif self.flags & FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY:
+                    lookback = boundary + b"--\r\n"
+                    self.callback(name, lookback, 0, lookbehind_len)
+                else:  # pragma: no cover (error case)
+                    self.logger.warning("Look-back buffer error")
+
+                if end_i > 0:
+                    self.callback(name, data, 0, end_i)
+            # If we're getting remaining data, we have got all the data we
+            # can be certain is not a boundary, leaving only a partial boundary match.
+            if remaining:
+                self.marks[name] = end_i - length
+            else:
+                self.marks.pop(name, None)
+
+        # For each byte...
+        while i < length:
+            c = data[i]
+
+            if state == MultipartState.START:
+                # Skip leading newlines
+                if c == CR or c == LF:
+                    i = data.find(b"-", i)
+                    if i == -1:
+                        # No boundary candidate in this chunk, so ignore the content after the leading CR/LF.
+                        i = length
+                        break
+                    continue
+
+                # index is used as in index into our boundary.  Set to 0.
+                index = 0
+
+                # Move to the next state, but decrement i so that we re-process
+                # this character.
+                state = MultipartState.START_BOUNDARY
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.START_BOUNDARY:
+                # Check to ensure that the last 2 characters in our boundary
+                # are CRLF.
+                if index == boundary_length - 2:
+                    if c == HYPHEN:
+                        # Potential empty message.
+                        state = MultipartState.END_BOUNDARY
+                    elif c != CR:
+                        # Error!
+                        msg = "Did not find CR at end of boundary (%d)" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    index += 1
+
+                elif index == boundary_length - 1:
+                    if c != LF:
+                        msg = "Did not find LF at end of boundary (%d)" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    # The index is now used for indexing into our boundary.
+                    index = 0
+
+                    # Callback for the start of a part.
+                    self.callback("part_begin")
+                    current_header_count = 0
+                    current_header_size = 0
+
+                    # Move to the next character and state.
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START
+
+                else:
+                    # Check to ensure our boundary matches
+                    if c != boundary[index + 2]:
+                        msg = "Expected boundary character %r, got %r at index %d" % (boundary[index + 2], c, index + 2)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    # Increment index into boundary and continue.
+                    index += 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START:
+                # Mark the start of a header field here, reset the index, and
+                # continue parsing our header field.
+                index = 0
+
+                if c != CR:
+                    current_header_count += 1
+                    if current_header_count > self.max_header_count:
+                        raise MultipartParseError("Maximum header count exceeded", offset=i)
+                    current_header_size = 0
+
+                # Set a mark of our header field.
+                set_mark("header_field")
+
+                # Notify that we're starting a header if the next character is
+                # not a CR; a CR at the beginning of the header will cause us
+                # to stop parsing headers in the MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD state,
+                # below.
+                if c != CR:
+                    self.callback("header_begin")
+
+                # Move to parsing header fields.
+                state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD:
+                # If we've reached a CR at the beginning of a header, it means
+                # that we've reached the second of 2 newlines, and so there are
+                # no more headers to parse.
+                if c == CR and index == 0:
+                    delete_mark("header_field")
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADERS_ALMOST_DONE
+                    i += 1
+                    continue
+
+                # The field name runs until the colon; jump straight to it and
+                # validate the whole span at once instead of byte by byte.
+                colon = data.find(b":", i, length)
+                end = colon if colon != -1 else length
+
+                # Enforce the size limit before slicing and validating, so an oversized header
+                # name fails fast instead of copying and scanning a potentially huge span.
+                advance_header_size(end - i if colon == -1 else end - i + 1)
+
+                field = data[i:end]
+                if field.translate(None, TOKEN_CHARS):
+                    bad = next(b for b in field if b not in TOKEN_CHARS_SET)
+                    bad_i = i + field.index(bad)
+                    msg = "Found invalid character %r in header at %d" % (bad, bad_i)
+                    self.logger.warning(msg)
+                    raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=bad_i)
+
+                index += end - i
+                if colon == -1:
+                    # Field name continues into the next chunk.
+                    i = length
+                else:
+                    # A 0-length header is an error.
+                    if index == 0:
+                        msg = "Found 0-length header at %d" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                    # Call our callback with the header field.
+                    i = colon
+                    data_callback("header_field", i)
+
+                    # Move to parsing the header value.
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_START
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_START:
+                # Skip leading spaces.
+                if c == SPACE:
+                    advance_header_size()
+                    i += 1
+                    continue
+
+                # Mark the start of the header value.
+                set_mark("header_value")
+
+                # Move to the header-value state, reprocessing this character.
+                state = MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE:
+                # The value runs until the terminating CR; jump straight to it
+                # instead of inspecting every byte.
+                cr = data.find(b"\r", i, length)
+                end = cr if cr != -1 else length
+                advance_header_size(end - i)
+                if cr != -1:
+                    i = cr
+                    data_callback("header_value", i)
+                    self.callback("header_end")
+                    current_header_size = 0
+                    state = MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_ALMOST_DONE
+                else:
+                    i = length
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADER_VALUE_ALMOST_DONE:
+                # The last character should be a LF.  If not, it's an error.
+                if c != LF:
+                    msg = f"Did not find LF character at end of header (found {c!r})"
+                    self.logger.warning(msg)
+                    raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                # Move back to the start of another header.  Note that if that
+                # state detects ANOTHER newline, it'll trigger the end of our
+                # headers.
+                state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.HEADERS_ALMOST_DONE:
+                # We're almost done our headers.  This is reached when we parse
+                # a CR at the beginning of a header, so our next character
+                # should be a LF, or it's an error.
+                if c != LF:
+                    msg = f"Did not find LF at end of headers (found {c!r})"
+                    self.logger.warning(msg)
+                    raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+                self.callback("headers_finished")
+                state = MultipartState.PART_DATA_START
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.PART_DATA_START:
+                # Mark the start of our part data.
+                set_mark("part_data")
+
+                # Start processing part data, including this character.
+                state = MultipartState.PART_DATA
+                i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.PART_DATA:
+                # We're processing our part data right now.  During this, we
+                # need to efficiently search for our boundary, since any data
+                # on any number of lines can be a part of the current data.
+
+                # Save the current value of our index.  We use this in case we
+                # find part of a boundary, but it doesn't match fully.
+                prev_index = index
+
+                # If our index is 0, we're starting a new part, so start our
+                # search.
+                if index == 0:
+                    # The most common case is likely to be that the whole
+                    # boundary is present in the buffer.
+                    # Calling `find` is much faster than iterating here.
+                    i0 = data.find(boundary, i, length)
+                    if i0 >= 0:
+                        # We matched the whole boundary string.
+                        index = boundary_length - 1
+                        i = i0 + boundary_length - 1
+                        c = data[i]
+                    else:
+                        # No whole boundary, but the tail may hold a partial one
+                        # that completes in the next chunk. Boundary starts with
+                        # CR, which an RFC boundary contains nowhere else, so the
+                        # last CR in the tail is the only candidate prefix start.
+                        k = data.rfind(boundary[:1], max(i, length - boundary_length + 1), length)
+                        if k != -1 and boundary.startswith(data[k:length]):
+                            index = length - k
+                        # Carry the partial via index; the end-of-chunk flush
+                        # emits the data before it and re-marks the lookbehind.
+                        i = length
+                        continue
+
+                # Now, we have a couple of cases here.  If our index is before
+                # the end of the boundary...
+                if index < boundary_length:
+                    # If the character matches...
+                    if boundary[index] == c:
+                        # The current character matches, so continue!
+                        index += 1
+                    else:
+                        index = 0
+
+                # Our index is equal to the length of our boundary!
+                elif index == boundary_length:
+                    # First we increment it.
+                    index += 1
+
+                    # Now, if we've reached a newline, we need to set this as
+                    # the potential end of our boundary.
+                    if c == CR:
+                        flags |= FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY
+
+                    # Otherwise, if this is a hyphen, we might be at the last
+                    # of all boundaries.
+                    elif c == HYPHEN:
+                        flags |= FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY
+
+                    # Otherwise, we reset our index, since this isn't either a
+                    # newline or a hyphen.
+                    else:
+                        index = 0
+
+                # Our index is right after the part boundary, which should be
+                # a LF.
+                elif index == boundary_length + 1:
+                    # If we're at a part boundary (i.e. we've seen a CR
+                    # character already)...
+                    if flags & FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY:
+                        # We need a LF character next.
+                        if c == LF:
+                            # Unset the part boundary flag.
+                            flags &= ~FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY
+
+                            # We have identified a boundary, callback for any data before it.
+                            data_callback("part_data", i - index)
+                            # Callback indicating that we've reached the end of
+                            # a part, and are starting a new one.
+                            self.callback("part_end")
+                            self.callback("part_begin")
+                            current_header_count = 0
+                            current_header_size = 0
+
+                            # Move to parsing new headers.
+                            index = 0
+                            state = MultipartState.HEADER_FIELD_START
+                            i += 1
+                            continue
+
+                        # We didn't find an LF character, so no match.  Reset
+                        # our index and clear our flag.
+                        index = 0
+                        flags &= ~FLAG_PART_BOUNDARY
+
+                    # Otherwise, if we're at the last boundary (i.e. we've
+                    # seen a hyphen already)...
+                    elif flags & FLAG_LAST_BOUNDARY:
+                        # We need a second hyphen here.
+                        if c == HYPHEN:
+                            # We have identified a boundary, callback for any data before it.
+                            data_callback("part_data", i - index)
+                            # Callback to end the current part, and then the
+                            # message.
+                            self.callback("part_end")
+                            self.callback("end")
+                            state = MultipartState.END
+                        else:
+                            # No match, so reset index.
+                            index = 0
+
+                # Otherwise, our index is 0.  If the previous index is not, it
+                # means we reset something, and we need to take the data we
+                # thought was part of our boundary and send it along as actual
+                # data.
+                if index == 0 and prev_index > 0:
+                    # Overwrite our previous index.
+                    prev_index = 0
+
+                    # Re-consider the current character, since this could be
+                    # the start of the boundary itself.
+                    i -= 1
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.END_BOUNDARY:
+                if index == boundary_length - 1:
+                    if c != HYPHEN:
+                        msg = "Did not find - at end of boundary (%d)" % (i,)
+                        self.logger.warning(msg)
+                        raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+                    index += 1
+                    self.callback("end")
+                    state = MultipartState.END
+
+            elif state == MultipartState.END:
+                # Silently discard any epilogue data (RFC 2046 section 5.1.1 allows a CRLF and optional
+                # epilogue after the closing boundary). Django and Werkzeug do the same.
+                i = length
+                break
+
+            else:  # pragma: no cover (error case)
+                # We got into a strange state somehow!  Just stop processing.
+                msg = "Reached an unknown state %d at %d" % (state, i)
+                self.logger.warning(msg)
+                raise MultipartParseError(msg, offset=i)
+
+            # Move to the next byte.
+            i += 1
+
+        # We call our callbacks with any remaining data.  Note that we pass
+        # the 'remaining' flag, which sets the mark back to 0 instead of
+        # deleting it, if it's found.  This is because, if the mark is found
+        # at this point, we assume that there's data for one of these things
+        # that has been parsed, but not yet emitted.  And, as such, it implies
+        # that we haven't yet reached the end of this 'thing'.  So, by setting
+        # the mark to 0, we cause any data callbacks that take place in future
+        # calls to this function to start from the beginning of that buffer.
+        data_callback("header_field", length, True)
+        data_callback("header_value", length, True)
+        data_callback("part_data", length - index, True)
+
+        # Save values to locals.
+        self.state = state
+        self.index = index
+        self.flags = flags
+        self._current_header_count = current_header_count
+        self._current_header_size = current_header_size
+
+        # Return our data length to indicate no errors, and that we processed
+        # all of it.
+        return length
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize this parser, which signals to that we are finished parsing.
+
+        Note: It does not currently, but in the future, it will verify that we
+        are in the final state of the parser (i.e. the end of the multipart
+        message is well-formed), and, if not, throw an error.
+        """
+        # TODO: verify that we're in the state MultipartState.END, otherwise throw an
+        # error or otherwise state that we're not finished parsing.
+        pass
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(boundary={self.boundary!r})"
+
+
+class FormParser:
+    """This class is the all-in-one form parser.  Given all the information
+    necessary to parse a form, it will instantiate the correct parser, create
+    the proper :class:`Field` and :class:`File` classes to store the data that
+    is parsed, and call the two given callbacks with each field and file as
+    they become available.
+
+    Args:
+        content_type: The Content-Type of the incoming request.  This is used to select the appropriate parser.
+        on_field: The callback to call when a field has been parsed and is ready for usage.  See above for parameters.
+        on_file: The callback to call when a file has been parsed and is ready for usage.  See above for parameters.
+        on_end: An optional callback to call when all fields and files in a request has been parsed.  Can be None.
+        boundary: If the request is a multipart/form-data request, this should be the boundary of the request, as given
+            in the Content-Type header, as a bytestring.
+        file_name: If the request is of type application/octet-stream, then the body of the request will not contain any
+            information about the uploaded file.  In such cases, you can provide the file name of the uploaded file
+            manually.
+        config: Configuration to use for this FormParser.  The default values are taken from the DEFAULT_CONFIG value,
+            and then any keys present in this dictionary will overwrite the default values.
+    """
+
+    #: This is the default configuration for our form parser.
+    #: Note: all file sizes should be in bytes.
+    DEFAULT_CONFIG: FormParserConfig = {
+        "MAX_BODY_SIZE": float("inf"),
+        "MAX_HEADER_COUNT": DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_COUNT,
+        "MAX_HEADER_SIZE": DEFAULT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE,
+        "MAX_MEMORY_FILE_SIZE": 1 * 1024 * 1024,
+        "UPLOAD_DIR": None,
+        "UPLOAD_DELETE_TMP": True,
+        "UPLOAD_KEEP_FILENAME": False,
+        "UPLOAD_KEEP_EXTENSIONS": False,
+        # Error on invalid Content-Transfer-Encoding?
+        "UPLOAD_ERROR_ON_BAD_CTE": False,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content_type: str,
+        on_field: Callable[[Field], None] | None,
+        on_file: Callable[[File], None] | None,
+        on_end: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
+        boundary: bytes | str | None = None,
+        file_name: bytes | None = None,
+        config: dict[Any, Any] = {},
+    ) -> None:
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        # Save variables.
+        self.content_type = content_type
+        self.boundary = boundary
+        self.bytes_received = 0
+        self.parser = None
+
+        # Save callbacks.
+        self.on_field = on_field
+        self.on_file = on_file
+        self.on_end = on_end
+
+        # Set configuration options.
+        self.config: FormParserConfig = self.DEFAULT_CONFIG.copy()
+        self.config.update(config)  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+
+        parser: OctetStreamParser | MultipartParser | QuerystringParser | None = None
+
+        # Depending on the Content-Type, we instantiate the correct parser.
+        if content_type == "application/octet-stream":
+            file: File | None = None
+
+            def on_start() -> None:
+                nonlocal file
+                file = File(file_name, None, config=self.config)
+
+            def on_data(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                nonlocal file
+                assert file is not None
+                file.write(data[start:end])
+
+            def _on_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal file
+                assert file is not None
+                # Finalize the file itself.
+                file.finalize()
+
+                # Call our callback.
+                if on_file:
+                    on_file(file)
+
+                # Call the on-end callback.
+                if self.on_end is not None:
+                    self.on_end()
+
+            # Instantiate an octet-stream parser
+            parser = OctetStreamParser(
+                callbacks={"on_start": on_start, "on_data": on_data, "on_end": _on_end},
+                max_size=self.config["MAX_BODY_SIZE"],
+            )
+
+        elif content_type == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" or content_type == "application/x-url-encoded":
+            name_buffer: list[bytes] = []
+
+            f: Field | None = None
+
+            def on_field_start() -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def on_field_name(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                name_buffer.append(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_field_data(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                nonlocal f
+                if f is None:
+                    f = Field(b"".join(name_buffer))
+                    del name_buffer[:]
+                f.write(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_field_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal f
+                # Finalize and call callback.
+                if f is None:
+                    # If we get here, it's because there was no field data.
+                    # We create a field, set it to None, and then continue.
+                    f = Field(b"".join(name_buffer))
+                    del name_buffer[:]
+                    f.set_none()
+
+                f.finalize()
+                if on_field:
+                    on_field(f)
+                f = None
+
+            def _on_end() -> None:
+                if self.on_end is not None:
+                    self.on_end()
+
+            # Instantiate parser.
+            parser = QuerystringParser(
+                callbacks={
+                    "on_field_start": on_field_start,
+                    "on_field_name": on_field_name,
+                    "on_field_data": on_field_data,
+                    "on_field_end": on_field_end,
+                    "on_end": _on_end,
+                },
+                max_size=self.config["MAX_BODY_SIZE"],
+            )
+
+        elif content_type == "multipart/form-data":
+            if boundary is None:
+                self.logger.error("No boundary given")
+                raise FormParserError("No boundary given")
+
+            header_name: list[bytes] = []
+            header_value: list[bytes] = []
+            headers: dict[bytes, bytes] = {}
+
+            f_multi: File | Field | None = None
+            writer: File | Field | Base64Decoder | QuotedPrintableDecoder | None = None
+            is_file = False
+
+            def on_part_begin() -> None:
+                # Reset headers in case this isn't the first part.
+                nonlocal headers
+                headers = {}
+
+            def on_part_data(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                nonlocal writer
+                assert writer is not None
+                writer.write(data[start:end])
+                # TODO: check for error here.
+
+            def on_part_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal f_multi, is_file
+                assert f_multi is not None
+                f_multi.finalize()
+                if is_file:
+                    if on_file:
+                        assert isinstance(f_multi, File)
+                        on_file(f_multi)
+                else:
+                    if on_field:
+                        assert isinstance(f_multi, Field)
+                        on_field(f_multi)
+
+            def on_header_field(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                header_name.append(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_header_value(data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+                header_value.append(data[start:end])
+
+            def on_header_end() -> None:
+                headers[b"".join(header_name).lower()] = b"".join(header_value)
+                del header_name[:]
+                del header_value[:]
+
+            def on_headers_finished() -> None:
+                nonlocal is_file, f_multi, writer
+                # Reset the 'is file' flag.
+                is_file = False
+
+                # Parse the content-disposition header.
+                content_disp = headers.get(b"content-disposition")
+                disp, options = parse_options_header(content_disp)
+
+                # Get the field and filename.
+                field_name = options.get(b"name")
+                file_name = options.get(b"filename")
+                # RFC 7578 §4.2: each part MUST have a Content-Disposition header with a "name" parameter.
+                if field_name is None:
+                    raise FormParserError(f'Field name not found in Content-Disposition: "{content_disp!r}"')
+
+                # Create the proper class.
+                content_type_b = headers.get(b"content-type")
+                content_type = content_type_b.decode("latin-1") if content_type_b is not None else None
+                if file_name is None:
+                    f_multi = Field(field_name, content_type=content_type)
+                else:
+                    f_multi = File(file_name, field_name, config=self.config, content_type=content_type)
+                    is_file = True
+
+                # Parse the given Content-Transfer-Encoding to determine what
+                # we need to do with the incoming data.
+                # TODO: check that we properly handle 8bit / 7bit encoding.
+                # RFC 2045 section 6.1: Content-Transfer-Encoding values are case-insensitive.
+                # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2045#section-6.1
+                transfer_encoding = headers.get(b"content-transfer-encoding", b"7bit").lower()
+
+                if transfer_encoding in (b"binary", b"8bit", b"7bit"):
+                    writer = f_multi
+
+                elif transfer_encoding == b"base64":
+                    writer = Base64Decoder(f_multi)
+
+                elif transfer_encoding == b"quoted-printable":
+                    writer = QuotedPrintableDecoder(f_multi)
+
+                else:
+                    self.logger.warning("Unknown Content-Transfer-Encoding: %r", transfer_encoding)
+                    if self.config["UPLOAD_ERROR_ON_BAD_CTE"]:
+                        raise FormParserError(f'Unknown Content-Transfer-Encoding "{transfer_encoding!r}"')
+                    else:
+                        # If we aren't erroring, then we just treat this as an
+                        # unencoded Content-Transfer-Encoding.
+                        writer = f_multi
+
+            def _on_end() -> None:
+                nonlocal writer
+                if writer is not None:
+                    writer.finalize()
+                if self.on_end is not None:
+                    self.on_end()
+
+            # Instantiate a multipart parser.
+            parser = MultipartParser(
+                boundary,
+                callbacks={
+                    "on_part_begin": on_part_begin,
+                    "on_part_data": on_part_data,
+                    "on_part_end": on_part_end,
+                    "on_header_field": on_header_field,
+                    "on_header_value": on_header_value,
+                    "on_header_end": on_header_end,
+                    "on_headers_finished": on_headers_finished,
+                    "on_end": _on_end,
+                },
+                max_size=self.config["MAX_BODY_SIZE"],
+                max_header_count=self.config["MAX_HEADER_COUNT"],
+                max_header_size=self.config["MAX_HEADER_SIZE"],
+            )
+
+        else:
+            self.logger.warning("Unknown Content-Type: %r", content_type)
+            raise FormParserError(f"Unknown Content-Type: {content_type}")
+
+        self.parser = parser
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> int:
+        """Write some data.  The parser will forward this to the appropriate
+        underlying parser.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The data to write.
+
+        Returns:
+            The number of bytes processed.
+        """
+        self.bytes_received += len(data)
+        # TODO: check the parser's return value for errors?
+        assert self.parser is not None
+        return self.parser.write(data)
+
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
+        """Finalize the parser."""
+        if self.parser is not None and hasattr(self.parser, "finalize"):
+            self.parser.finalize()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the parser."""
+        if self.parser is not None and hasattr(self.parser, "close"):
+            self.parser.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(content_type={self.content_type!r}, parser={self.parser!r})"
+
+
+def create_form_parser(
+    headers: dict[str, bytes],
+    on_field: Callable[[Field], None] | None,
+    on_file: Callable[[File], None] | None,
+    config: dict[Any, Any] = {},
+) -> FormParser:
+    """This function is a helper function to aid in creating a FormParser
+    instances.  Given a dictionary-like headers object, it will determine
+    the correct information needed, instantiate a FormParser with the
+    appropriate values and given callbacks, and then return the corresponding
+    parser.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: A dictionary-like object of HTTP headers.  The only required header is Content-Type.
+        on_field: Callback to call with each parsed field.
+        on_file: Callback to call with each parsed file.
+        config: Configuration variables to pass to the FormParser.
+    """
+    content_type: str | bytes | None = headers.get("Content-Type")
+    if content_type is None:
+        logging.getLogger(__name__).warning("No Content-Type header given")
+        raise ValueError("No Content-Type header given!")
+
+    # Boundaries are optional (the FormParser will raise if one is needed
+    # but not given).
+    content_type, params = parse_options_header(content_type)
+    boundary = params.get(b"boundary")
+
+    # We need content_type to be a string, not a bytes object.
+    content_type = content_type.decode("latin-1")
+
+    # Instantiate a form parser.
+    form_parser = FormParser(content_type, on_field, on_file, boundary=boundary, config=config)
+
+    # Return our parser.
+    return form_parser
+
+
+def parse_form(
+    headers: dict[str, bytes],
+    input_stream: SupportsRead,
+    on_field: Callable[[Field], None] | None,
+    on_file: Callable[[File], None] | None,
+    chunk_size: int = 1048576,
+) -> None:
+    """This function is useful if you just want to parse a request body,
+    without too much work.  Pass it a dictionary-like object of the request's
+    headers, and a file-like object for the input stream, along with two
+    callbacks that will get called whenever a field or file is parsed.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: A dictionary-like object of HTTP headers.  The only required header is Content-Type.
+        input_stream: A file-like object that represents the request body. The read() method must return bytestrings.
+        on_field: Callback to call with each parsed field.
+        on_file: Callback to call with each parsed file.
+        chunk_size: The maximum size to read from the input stream and write to the parser at one time.
+            Defaults to 1 MiB.
+    """
+    if chunk_size < 1:
+        raise ValueError(f"chunk_size must be a positive number, not {chunk_size!r}")
+
+    # Create our form parser.
+    parser = create_form_parser(headers, on_field, on_file)
+
+    # Read chunks of 1MiB and write to the parser, but never read more than
+    # the given Content-Length, if any.
+    content_length: int | float | bytes | None = headers.get("Content-Length")
+    if content_length is not None:
+        content_length = int(content_length)
+        if content_length < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Content-Length must be non-negative")
+    else:
+        content_length = float("inf")
+    bytes_read = 0
+
+    while True:
+        # Read only up to the Content-Length given.
+        max_readable = int(min(content_length - bytes_read, chunk_size))
+        buff = input_stream.read(max_readable)
+
+        # Write to the parser and update our length.
+        parser.write(buff)
+        bytes_read += len(buff)
+
+        # If we get a buffer that's smaller than the size requested, or if we
+        # have read up to our content length, we're done.
+        if len(buff) != max_readable or bytes_read == content_length:
+            break
+
+    # Tell our parser that we're done writing data.
+    parser.finalize()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/python_multipart/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..702ee6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: PyYAML
+Version: 6.0.3
+Summary: YAML parser and emitter for Python
+Home-page: https://pyyaml.org/
+Download-URL: https://pypi.org/project/PyYAML/
+Author: Kirill Simonov
+Author-email: xi@resolvent.net
+License: MIT
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/issues
+Project-URL: CI, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/actions
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation
+Project-URL: Mailing lists, http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/yaml-core
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
+Platform: Any
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Cython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: download-url
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: platform
+Dynamic: project-url
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+YAML is a data serialization format designed for human readability
+and interaction with scripting languages.  PyYAML is a YAML parser
+and emitter for Python.
+
+PyYAML features a complete YAML 1.1 parser, Unicode support, pickle
+support, capable extension API, and sensible error messages.  PyYAML
+supports standard YAML tags and provides Python-specific tags that
+allow to represent an arbitrary Python object.
+
+PyYAML is applicable for a broad range of tasks from complex
+configuration files to object serialization and persistence.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e63bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+_yaml/__init__.py,sha256=04Ae_5osxahpJHa3XBZUAf4wi6XX32gR8D6X6p64GEA,1402
+_yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=A8O0Fe040J-u3Ek2DpMHabQMWPaFhebeAOLkkWqFjTQ,2351
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/RECORD,,
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=DxRnWQz-Kp9-4a4hdDHsSv0KUC3H7sN9Nbef3-8RjXU,190
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=jTko-dxEkP1jVwfLiOsmvXZBAqcoKVQwfT5RZ6V36KQ,1101
+pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=rpj0IVMTisAjh_1vG3Ccf9v5jpCQwAz6cD1IVU5ZdhQ,11
+yaml/__init__.py,sha256=sZ38wzPWp139cwc5ARZFByUvJxtB07X32FUQAzoFR6c,12311
+yaml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/composer.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/constructor.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/cyaml.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/dumper.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/emitter.cpython-312.pyc,,
+yaml/__pycache__/error.cpython-312.pyc,,
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+yaml/cyaml.py,sha256=6ZrAG9fAYvdVe2FK_w0hmXoG7ZYsoYUwapG8CiC72H0,3851
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+yaml/emitter.py,sha256=jghtaU7eFwg31bG0B7RZea_29Adi9CKmXq_QjgQpCkQ,43006
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+yaml/parser.py,sha256=ilWp5vvgoHFGzvOZDItFoGjD6D42nhlZrZyjAwa0oJo,25495
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+yaml/representer.py,sha256=IuWP-cAW9sHKEnS0gCqSa894k1Bg4cgTxaDwIcbRQ-Y,14190
+yaml/resolver.py,sha256=9L-VYfm4mWHxUD1Vg4X7rjDRK_7VZd6b92wzq7Y2IKY,9004
+yaml/scanner.py,sha256=YEM3iLZSaQwXcQRg2l2R4MdT0zGP2F9eHkKGKnHyWQY,51279
+yaml/serializer.py,sha256=ChuFgmhU01hj4xgI8GaKv6vfM2Bujwa9i7d2FAHj7cA,4165
+yaml/tokens.py,sha256=lTQIzSVw8Mg9wv459-TjiOQe6wVziqaRlqX2_89rp54,2573
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e8a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f1b8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright (c) 2017-2021 Ingy döt Net
+Copyright (c) 2006-2016 Kirill Simonov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6475e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyyaml-6.0.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+_yaml
+yaml
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..142a852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: starlette
+Version: 1.3.1
+Summary: The little ASGI library that shines.
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/Kludex/starlette
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://starlette.dev/
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://starlette.dev/release-notes/
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/Kludex
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/Kludex/starlette
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+Maintainer-email: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: anyio<5,>=3.6.2
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.10.0; python_version < '3.13'
+Provides-Extra: full
+Requires-Dist: httpx2>=2.0.0; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: httpx<0.29.0,>=0.27.0; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: itsdangerous; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: jinja2; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: python-multipart>=0.0.18; extra == 'full'
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml; extra == 'full'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <picture>
+    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kludex/starlette/main/docs/img/starlette_dark.svg" width="420px">
+    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kludex/starlette/main/docs/img/starlette.svg" width="420px">
+    <img alt="starlette-logo" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kludex/starlette/main/docs/img/starlette.svg">
+  </picture>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+    <em>✨ The little ASGI framework that shines. ✨</em>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/starlette.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/starlette)
+[![Supported Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/starlette.svg?color=%2334D058)](https://pypi.org/project/starlette)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1051468649518616576?logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&color=7389D8&labelColor=6A7EC2)](https://discord.gg/RxKUF5JuHs)
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: <a href="https://starlette.dev/" target="_blank">https://starlette.dev</a>
+
+**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/starlette" target="_blank">https://github.com/Kludex/starlette</a>
+
+---
+
+# Starlette
+
+Starlette is a lightweight [ASGI][asgi] framework/toolkit,
+which is ideal for building async web services in Python.
+
+It is production-ready, and gives you the following:
+
+* A lightweight, low-complexity HTTP web framework.
+* WebSocket support.
+* In-process background tasks.
+* Startup and shutdown events.
+* Test client built on `httpx`.
+* CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
+* Session and Cookie support.
+* 100% test coverage.
+* 100% type annotated codebase.
+* Few hard dependencies.
+* Compatible with `asyncio` and `trio` backends.
+* Great overall performance [against independent benchmarks][techempower].
+
+## Installation
+
+```shell
+$ pip install starlette
+```
+
+You'll also want to install an ASGI server, such as [uvicorn](https://uvicorn.dev) or any of the [other ASGI server implementations](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/implementations.html#servers).
+
+```shell
+$ pip install uvicorn
+```
+
+## Example
+
+```python title="main.py"
+from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.routing import Route
+
+
+async def homepage(request):
+    return JSONResponse({'hello': 'world'})
+
+routes = [
+    Route("/", endpoint=homepage)
+]
+
+app = Starlette(debug=True, routes=routes)
+```
+
+Then run the application using Uvicorn:
+
+```shell
+$ uvicorn main:app
+```
+
+## Dependencies
+
+Starlette only requires `anyio`, and the following are optional:
+
+* [`httpx2`][httpx2] - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* [`jinja2`][jinja2] - Required if you want to use `Jinja2Templates`.
+* [`python-multipart`][python-multipart] - Required if you want to support form parsing, with `request.form()`.
+* [`itsdangerous`][itsdangerous] - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
+* [`pyyaml`][pyyaml] - Required for `SchemaGenerator` support.
+
+You can install all of these with `pip install starlette[full]`.
+
+## Framework or Toolkit
+
+Starlette is designed to be used either as a complete framework, or as
+an ASGI toolkit. You can use any of its components independently.
+
+```python
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse
+
+
+async def app(scope, receive, send):
+    assert scope['type'] == 'http'
+    response = PlainTextResponse('Hello, world!')
+    await response(scope, receive, send)
+```
+
+Run the `app` application in `example.py`:
+
+```shell
+$ uvicorn example:app
+INFO: Started server process [11509]
+INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+Run uvicorn with `--reload` to enable auto-reloading on code changes.
+
+## Modularity
+
+The modularity that Starlette is designed on promotes building reusable
+components that can be shared between any ASGI framework. This should enable
+an ecosystem of shared middleware and mountable applications.
+
+The clean API separation also means it's easier to understand each component
+in isolation.
+
+---
+
+<p align="center"><i>Starlette is <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/blob/main/LICENSE.md">BSD licensed</a> code.<br/>Designed & crafted with care.</i></br>&mdash; ⭐️ &mdash;</p>
+
+[asgi]: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+[httpx2]: https://pypi.org/project/httpx2/
+[jinja2]: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/
+[python-multipart]: https://multipart.fastapiexpert.com/
+[itsdangerous]: https://itsdangerous.palletsprojects.com/
+[sqlalchemy]: https://www.sqlalchemy.org
+[pyyaml]: https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation
+[techempower]: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-sf
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e64ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
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+starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/RECORD,,
+starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=mffPy8wBnZQn2VnJUU5jE99KsxaSfiyMHV9Yt0aLVxs,87
+starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md,sha256=3LlWd6AiQCQxh-lk-UGEfRmxeCHPmeWvrmhPqzKMGb8,1518
+starlette/__init__.py,sha256=-ypEJktJToAL9by62JJKWEzDo_KPCQtmE5kwFgX24z4,22
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd84226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.30.1
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16a60e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette-1.3.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2018, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c73af2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.3.1"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__pycache__/websockets.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/__pycache__/websockets.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_exception_handler.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_exception_handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9491f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_exception_handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+ExceptionHandlers = dict[Any, ExceptionHandler]
+StatusHandlers = dict[int, ExceptionHandler]
+
+
+def _lookup_exception_handler(exc_handlers: ExceptionHandlers, exc: Exception) -> ExceptionHandler | None:
+    for cls in type(exc).__mro__:
+        if cls in exc_handlers:
+            return exc_handlers[cls]
+    return None
+
+
+def wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app: ASGIApp, conn: Request | WebSocket) -> ASGIApp:
+    exception_handlers: ExceptionHandlers
+    status_handlers: StatusHandlers
+    try:
+        exception_handlers, status_handlers = conn.scope["starlette.exception_handlers"]
+    except KeyError:
+        exception_handlers, status_handlers = {}, {}
+
+    async def wrapped_app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        response_started = False
+
+        async def sender(message: Message) -> None:
+            nonlocal response_started
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                response_started = True
+            await send(message)
+
+        try:
+            await app(scope, receive, sender)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            handler = None
+
+            if isinstance(exc, HTTPException):
+                handler = status_handlers.get(exc.status_code)
+
+            if handler is None:
+                handler = _lookup_exception_handler(exception_handlers, exc)
+
+            if handler is None:
+                raise exc
+
+            if response_started:
+                raise RuntimeError("Caught handled exception, but response already started.") from exc
+
+            if is_async_callable(handler):
+                response = await handler(conn, exc)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            else:
+                response = await run_in_threadpool(handler, conn, exc)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            if response is not None:
+                await response(scope, receive, sender)
+
+    return wrapped_app
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b8639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable, Generator
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, asynccontextmanager
+from typing import Any, Generic, Protocol, TypeVar, overload
+
+import anyio.abc
+
+from starlette.types import Scope
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+    from typing import TypeIs
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+    from typing_extensions import TypeIs
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        from exceptiongroup import BaseExceptionGroup
+    except ImportError:
+
+        class BaseExceptionGroup(BaseException):  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            pass
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+AwaitableCallable = Callable[..., Awaitable[T]]
+
+
+@overload
+def is_async_callable(obj: AwaitableCallable[T]) -> TypeIs[AwaitableCallable[T]]: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def is_async_callable(obj: Any) -> TypeIs[AwaitableCallable[Any]]: ...
+
+
+def is_async_callable(obj: Any) -> Any:
+    while isinstance(obj, functools.partial):
+        obj = obj.func
+
+    return iscoroutinefunction(obj) or (callable(obj) and iscoroutinefunction(obj.__call__))
+
+
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+
+
+class AwaitableOrContextManager(
+    Awaitable[T_co], AbstractAsyncContextManager[T_co], Protocol[T_co]
+): ...  # pragma: no branch
+
+
+class SupportsAsyncClose(Protocol):
+    async def close(self) -> None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+SupportsAsyncCloseType = TypeVar("SupportsAsyncCloseType", bound=SupportsAsyncClose, covariant=False)
+
+
+class AwaitableOrContextManagerWrapper(Generic[SupportsAsyncCloseType]):
+    __slots__ = ("aw", "entered")
+
+    def __init__(self, aw: Awaitable[SupportsAsyncCloseType]) -> None:
+        self.aw = aw
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, SupportsAsyncCloseType]:
+        return self.aw.__await__()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> SupportsAsyncCloseType:
+        self.entered = await self.aw
+        return self.entered
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *args: Any) -> None | bool:
+        await self.entered.close()
+        return None
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def create_collapsing_task_group() -> AsyncGenerator[anyio.abc.TaskGroup, None]:
+    try:
+        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+            yield tg
+    except BaseExceptionGroup as excs:
+        if len(excs.exceptions) != 1:
+            raise
+
+        exc = excs.exceptions[0]
+        context = None if exc.__suppress_context__ else exc.__context__
+        raise exc from exc.__cause__ or context
+
+
+def get_route_path(scope: Scope) -> str:
+    path: str = scope["path"]
+    root_path = scope.get("root_path", "")
+    if not root_path:
+        return path
+
+    if not path.startswith(root_path):
+        return path
+
+    if path == root_path:
+        return ""
+
+    if path[len(root_path)] == "/":
+        return path[len(root_path) :]
+
+    return path
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/applications.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/applications.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e1a781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/applications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec, TypeVar
+
+from starlette.datastructures import State, URLPath
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware, _MiddlewareFactory
+from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
+from starlette.middleware.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute, Router
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+AppType = TypeVar("AppType", bound="Starlette")
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class Starlette:
+    """Creates an Starlette application."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self: AppType,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        routes: Sequence[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+        exception_handlers: Mapping[Any, ExceptionHandler] | None = None,
+        lifespan: Lifespan[AppType] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initializes the application.
+
+        Parameters:
+            debug: Boolean indicating if debug tracebacks should be returned on errors.
+            routes: A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests.
+            middleware: A list of middleware to run for every request. A starlette
+                application will always automatically include two middleware classes.
+                `ServerErrorMiddleware` is added as the very outermost middleware, to handle
+                any uncaught errors occurring anywhere in the entire stack.
+                `ExceptionMiddleware` is added as the very innermost middleware, to deal
+                with handled exception cases occurring in the routing or endpoints.
+            exception_handlers: A mapping of either integer status codes,
+                or exception class types onto callables which handle the exceptions.
+                Exception handler callables should be of the form
+                `handler(request, exc) -> response` and may be either standard functions, or
+                async functions.
+            lifespan: A lifespan context function, which can be used to perform
+                startup and shutdown tasks. This is a newer style that replaces the
+                `on_startup` and `on_shutdown` handlers. Use one or the other, not both.
+        """
+        self.debug = debug
+        self.state = State()
+        self.router = Router(routes, lifespan=lifespan)
+        self.exception_handlers = {} if exception_handlers is None else dict(exception_handlers)
+        self.user_middleware = [] if middleware is None else list(middleware)
+        self.middleware_stack: ASGIApp | None = None
+
+    def build_middleware_stack(self) -> ASGIApp:
+        debug = self.debug
+        error_handler = None
+        exception_handlers: dict[Any, ExceptionHandler] = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.exception_handlers.items():
+            if key in (500, Exception):
+                error_handler = value
+            else:
+                exception_handlers[key] = value
+
+        middleware = (
+            [Middleware(ServerErrorMiddleware, handler=error_handler, debug=debug)]
+            + self.user_middleware
+            + [Middleware(ExceptionMiddleware, handlers=exception_handlers, debug=debug)]
+        )
+
+        app = self.router
+        for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+            app = cls(app, *args, **kwargs)
+        return app
+
+    @property
+    def routes(self) -> list[BaseRoute]:
+        return self.router.routes
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        return self.router.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        scope["app"] = self
+        if self.middleware_stack is None:
+            self.middleware_stack = self.build_middleware_stack()
+        await self.middleware_stack(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def mount(self, path: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.router.mount(path, app=app, name=name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def host(self, host: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.router.host(host, app=app, name=name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def add_middleware(self, middleware_class: _MiddlewareFactory[P], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        if self.middleware_stack is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot add middleware after an application has started")
+        self.user_middleware.insert(0, Middleware(middleware_class, *args, **kwargs))
+
+    def add_exception_handler(
+        self,
+        exc_class_or_status_code: int | type[Exception],
+        handler: ExceptionHandler,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.exception_handlers[exc_class_or_status_code] = handler
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        route: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+        methods: list[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.router.add_route(path, route, methods=methods, name=name, include_in_schema=include_in_schema)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/authentication.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/authentication.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63c4da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/authentication.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, Request
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+
+
+def has_required_scope(conn: HTTPConnection, scopes: Sequence[str]) -> bool:
+    for scope in scopes:
+        if scope not in conn.auth.scopes:
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def requires(
+    scopes: str | Sequence[str],
+    status_code: int = 403,
+    redirect: str | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[_P, Any]], Callable[_P, Any]]:
+    scopes_list = [scopes] if isinstance(scopes, str) else list(scopes)
+
+    def decorator(
+        func: Callable[_P, Any],
+    ) -> Callable[_P, Any]:
+        sig = inspect.signature(func)
+        for idx, parameter in enumerate(sig.parameters.values()):
+            if parameter.name == "request" or parameter.name == "websocket":
+                type_ = parameter.name
+                break
+        else:
+            raise Exception(f'No "request" or "websocket" argument on function "{func}"')
+
+        if type_ == "websocket":
+            # Handle websocket functions. (Always async)
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            async def websocket_wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> None:
+                websocket = kwargs.get("websocket", args[idx] if idx < len(args) else None)
+                assert isinstance(websocket, WebSocket), (
+                    "Parameter with name 'websocket' is required to be of type 'WebSocket'"
+                    f" not '{type(websocket).__name__}'"
+                )
+
+                if not has_required_scope(websocket, scopes_list):
+                    await websocket.close()
+                else:
+                    await func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return websocket_wrapper
+
+        elif is_async_callable(func):
+            # Handle async request/response functions.
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            async def async_wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> Any:
+                request = kwargs.get("request", args[idx] if idx < len(args) else None)
+                assert isinstance(request, Request), (
+                    f"Parameter with name 'request' is required to be of type 'Request' not '{type(request).__name__}'"
+                )
+
+                if not has_required_scope(request, scopes_list):
+                    if redirect is not None:
+                        orig_request_qparam = urlencode({"next": str(request.url)})
+                        next_url = f"{request.url_for(redirect)}?{orig_request_qparam}"
+                        return RedirectResponse(url=next_url, status_code=303)
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=status_code)
+                return await func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return async_wrapper
+
+        else:
+            # Handle sync request/response functions.
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            def sync_wrapper(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> Any:
+                request = kwargs.get("request", args[idx] if idx < len(args) else None)
+                assert isinstance(request, Request), (
+                    f"Parameter with name 'request' is required to be of type 'Request' not '{type(request).__name__}'"
+                )
+
+                if not has_required_scope(request, scopes_list):
+                    if redirect is not None:
+                        orig_request_qparam = urlencode({"next": str(request.url)})
+                        next_url = f"{request.url_for(redirect)}?{orig_request_qparam}"
+                        return RedirectResponse(url=next_url, status_code=303)
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=status_code)
+                return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            return sync_wrapper
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+class AuthenticationError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class AuthenticationBackend:
+    async def authenticate(self, conn: HTTPConnection) -> tuple[AuthCredentials, BaseUser] | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AuthCredentials:
+    def __init__(self, scopes: Sequence[str] | None = None):
+        self.scopes = [] if scopes is None else list(scopes)
+
+
+class BaseUser:
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @property
+    def identity(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class SimpleUser(BaseUser):
+    def __init__(self, username: str) -> None:
+        self.username = username
+
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        return self.username
+
+
+class UnauthenticatedUser(BaseUser):
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
+        return ""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/background.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/background.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55135ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/background.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class BackgroundTask:
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[P, Any], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        self.func = func
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.is_async = is_async_callable(func)
+
+    async def __call__(self) -> None:
+        if self.is_async:
+            await self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        else:
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.func, *self.args, **self.kwargs)
+
+
+class BackgroundTasks(BackgroundTask):
+    def __init__(self, tasks: Sequence[BackgroundTask] | None = None):
+        self.tasks = list(tasks) if tasks else []
+
+    def add_task(self, func: Callable[P, Any], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        task = BackgroundTask(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.tasks.append(task)
+
+    async def __call__(self) -> None:
+        for task in self.tasks:
+            await task()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/concurrency.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/concurrency.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2c55be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/concurrency.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable, Coroutine, Iterable, Iterator
+from typing import ParamSpec, TypeVar
+
+import anyio.to_thread
+
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+async def run_until_first_complete(*args: tuple[Callable, dict]) -> None:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+    warnings.warn(
+        "run_until_first_complete is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.",
+        StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
+    async with anyio.create_task_group() as task_group:
+
+        async def run(func: Callable[[], Coroutine]) -> None:  # type: ignore[type-arg]
+            await func()
+            task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+        for func, kwargs in args:
+            task_group.start_soon(run, functools.partial(func, **kwargs))
+
+
+async def run_in_threadpool(func: Callable[P, T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+    func = functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
+    return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(func)
+
+
+class _StopIteration(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def _next(iterator: Iterator[T]) -> T:
+    # We can't raise `StopIteration` from within the threadpool iterator
+    # and catch it outside that context, so we coerce them into a different
+    # exception type.
+    try:
+        return next(iterator)
+    except StopIteration:
+        raise _StopIteration
+
+
+async def iterate_in_threadpool(
+    iterator: Iterable[T],
+) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
+    as_iterator = iter(iterator)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            yield await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(_next, as_iterator)
+        except _StopIteration:
+            break
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56c25ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, overload
+
+
+class undefined:
+    pass
+
+
+class EnvironError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class Environ(MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    def __init__(self, environ: MutableMapping[str, str] = os.environ):
+        self._environ = environ
+        self._has_been_read: set[str] = set()
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        self._has_been_read.add(key)
+        return self._environ.__getitem__(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        if key in self._has_been_read:
+            raise EnvironError(f"Attempting to set environ['{key}'], but the value has already been read.")
+        self._environ.__setitem__(key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        if key in self._has_been_read:
+            raise EnvironError(f"Attempting to delete environ['{key}'], but the value has already been read.")
+        self._environ.__delitem__(key)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._environ)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._environ)
+
+
+environ = Environ()
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Config:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        env_file: str | Path | None = None,
+        environ: Mapping[str, str] = environ,
+        env_prefix: str = "",
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.environ = environ
+        self.env_prefix = env_prefix
+        self.file_values: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if env_file is not None:
+            if not os.path.isfile(env_file):
+                warnings.warn(f"Config file '{env_file}' not found.")
+            else:
+                self.file_values = self._read_file(env_file, encoding)
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, *, default: None) -> str | None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, cast: type[T], default: T = ...) -> T: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, cast: type[str] = ..., default: str = ...) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], T] = ...,
+        default: Any = ...,
+    ) -> T: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(self, key: str, cast: type[str] = ..., default: T = ...) -> T | str: ...
+
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        default: Any = undefined,
+    ) -> Any:
+        return self.get(key, cast, default)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+        default: Any = undefined,
+    ) -> Any:
+        key = self.env_prefix + key
+        if key in self.environ:
+            value = self.environ[key]
+            return self._perform_cast(key, value, cast)
+        if key in self.file_values:
+            value = self.file_values[key]
+            return self._perform_cast(key, value, cast)
+        if default is not undefined:
+            return self._perform_cast(key, default, cast)
+        raise KeyError(f"Config '{key}' is missing, and has no default.")
+
+    def _read_file(self, file_name: str | Path, encoding: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+        file_values: dict[str, str] = {}
+        with open(file_name, encoding=encoding) as input_file:
+            for line in input_file.readlines():
+                line = line.strip()
+                if "=" in line and not line.startswith("#"):
+                    key, value = line.split("=", 1)
+                    key = key.strip()
+                    value = value.strip().strip("\"'")
+                    file_values[key] = value
+        return file_values
+
+    def _perform_cast(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: Any,
+        cast: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> Any:
+        if cast is None or value is None:
+            return value
+        elif cast is bool and isinstance(value, str):
+            mapping = {"true": True, "1": True, "false": False, "0": False}
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value not in mapping:
+                raise ValueError(f"Config '{key}' has value '{value}'. Not a valid bool.")
+            return mapping[value]
+        try:
+            return cast(value)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            raise ValueError(f"Config '{key}' has value '{value}'. Not a valid {cast.__name__}.")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/convertors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/convertors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72b1cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/convertors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import uuid
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Convertor(Generic[T]):
+    regex: ClassVar[str] = ""
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> T:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def to_string(self, value: T) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class StringConvertor(Convertor[str]):
+    regex = "[^/]+"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return value
+
+    def to_string(self, value: str) -> str:
+        value = str(value)
+        assert "/" not in value, "May not contain path separators"
+        assert value, "Must not be empty"
+        return value
+
+
+class PathConvertor(Convertor[str]):
+    regex = ".*"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: str) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class IntegerConvertor(Convertor[int]):
+    regex = "[0-9]+"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> int:
+        return int(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: int) -> str:
+        value = int(value)
+        assert value >= 0, "Negative integers are not supported"
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class FloatConvertor(Convertor[float]):
+    regex = r"[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> float:
+        return float(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: float) -> str:
+        value = float(value)
+        assert value >= 0.0, "Negative floats are not supported"
+        assert not math.isnan(value), "NaN values are not supported"
+        assert not math.isinf(value), "Infinite values are not supported"
+        return ("%0.20f" % value).rstrip("0").rstrip(".")
+
+
+class UUIDConvertor(Convertor[uuid.UUID]):
+    regex = "[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-?[0-9a-fA-F]{12}"
+
+    def convert(self, value: str) -> uuid.UUID:
+        return uuid.UUID(value)
+
+    def to_string(self, value: uuid.UUID) -> str:
+        return str(value)
+
+
+CONVERTOR_TYPES: dict[str, Convertor[Any]] = {
+    "str": StringConvertor(),
+    "path": PathConvertor(),
+    "int": IntegerConvertor(),
+    "float": FloatConvertor(),
+    "uuid": UUIDConvertor(),
+}
+
+
+def register_url_convertor(key: str, convertor: Convertor[Any]) -> None:
+    CONVERTOR_TYPES[key] = convertor
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/datastructures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/datastructures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33ecb1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/datastructures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from collections.abc import ItemsView, Iterable, Iterator, KeysView, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence, ValuesView
+from shlex import shlex
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Literal, NamedTuple, TypeVar, cast
+from urllib.parse import SplitResult, parse_qsl, urlencode, urlsplit
+
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.types import Scope
+
+
+class Address(NamedTuple):
+    host: str
+    port: int
+
+
+_KeyType = TypeVar("_KeyType")
+# Mapping keys are invariant but their values are covariant since
+# you can only read them
+# that is, you can't do `Mapping[str, Animal]()["fido"] = Dog()`
+_CovariantValueType = TypeVar("_CovariantValueType", covariant=True)
+
+# Rejects Host header chars (/, ?, #, @, ...) that would let urlsplit produce a path differing from scope["path"].
+_HOST_RE = re.compile(r"^([a-z0-9.-]+|\[[a-f0-9]*:[a-f0-9.:]+\])(?::[0-9]+)?$", re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+class URL:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str = "",
+        scope: Scope | None = None,
+        **components: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if scope is not None:
+            assert not url, 'Cannot set both "url" and "scope".'
+            assert not components, 'Cannot set both "scope" and "**components".'
+            scheme = scope.get("scheme", "http")
+            server = scope.get("server", None)
+            path = scope["path"]
+            query_string = scope.get("query_string", b"")
+
+            host_header = None
+            for key, value in scope["headers"]:
+                if key == b"host":
+                    host_header = value.decode("latin-1")
+                    break
+
+            if host_header is not None and _HOST_RE.fullmatch(host_header):
+                netloc = host_header
+            elif server is not None:
+                host, port = server
+                default_port = {"http": 80, "https": 443, "ws": 80, "wss": 443}[scheme]
+                netloc = host if port == default_port else f"{host}:{port}"
+            else:
+                netloc = None
+
+            query = query_string.decode()
+            if netloc is not None:
+                url = SplitResult(scheme=scheme, netloc=netloc, path=path, query=query, fragment="").geturl()
+            else:
+                url = f"{path}?{query}" if query else path
+        elif components:
+            assert not url, 'Cannot set both "url" and "**components".'
+            url = URL("").replace(**components).components.geturl()
+
+        self._url = url
+
+    @property
+    def components(self) -> SplitResult:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_components"):
+            self._components = urlsplit(self._url)
+        return self._components
+
+    @property
+    def scheme(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.scheme
+
+    @property
+    def netloc(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.netloc
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.path
+
+    @property
+    def query(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.query
+
+    @property
+    def fragment(self) -> str:
+        return self.components.fragment
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> None | str:
+        return self.components.username
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> None | str:
+        return self.components.password
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self) -> None | str:
+        return self.components.hostname
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.components.port
+
+    @property
+    def is_secure(self) -> bool:
+        return self.scheme in ("https", "wss")
+
+    def replace(self, **kwargs: Any) -> URL:
+        if "username" in kwargs or "password" in kwargs or "hostname" in kwargs or "port" in kwargs:
+            hostname = kwargs.pop("hostname", None)
+            port = kwargs.pop("port", self.port)
+            username = kwargs.pop("username", self.username)
+            password = kwargs.pop("password", self.password)
+
+            if hostname is None:
+                netloc = self.netloc
+                _, _, hostname = netloc.rpartition("@")
+
+                if hostname and hostname[-1] != "]":
+                    hostname = hostname.rsplit(":", 1)[0]
+
+            netloc = hostname
+            if port is not None:
+                netloc += f":{port}"
+            if username is not None:
+                userpass = username
+                if password is not None:
+                    userpass += f":{password}"
+                netloc = f"{userpass}@{netloc}"
+
+            kwargs["netloc"] = netloc
+
+        components = self.components._replace(**kwargs)
+        return self.__class__(components.geturl())
+
+    def include_query_params(self, **kwargs: Any) -> URL:
+        params = MultiDict(parse_qsl(self.query, keep_blank_values=True))
+        params.update({str(key): str(value) for key, value in kwargs.items()})
+        query = urlencode(params.multi_items())
+        return self.replace(query=query)
+
+    def replace_query_params(self, **kwargs: Any) -> URL:
+        query = urlencode([(str(key), str(value)) for key, value in kwargs.items()])
+        return self.replace(query=query)
+
+    def remove_query_params(self, keys: str | Sequence[str]) -> URL:
+        if isinstance(keys, str):
+            keys = [keys]
+        params = MultiDict(parse_qsl(self.query, keep_blank_values=True))
+        for key in keys:
+            params.pop(key, None)
+        query = urlencode(params.multi_items())
+        return self.replace(query=query)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return str(self) == str(other)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._url
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        url = str(self)
+        if self.password:
+            url = str(self.replace(password="********"))
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({repr(url)})"
+
+
+class URLPath(str):
+    """
+    A URL path string that may also hold an associated protocol and/or host.
+    Used by the routing to return `url_path_for` matches.
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, path: str, protocol: Literal["http", "websocket", ""] = "", host: str = "") -> URLPath:
+        assert protocol in ("http", "websocket", "")
+        return str.__new__(cls, path)
+
+    def __init__(self, path: str, protocol: Literal["http", "websocket", ""] = "", host: str = "") -> None:
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.host = host
+
+    def make_absolute_url(self, base_url: str | URL) -> URL:
+        if isinstance(base_url, str):
+            base_url = URL(base_url)
+        if self.protocol:
+            scheme = {
+                "http": {True: "https", False: "http"},
+                "websocket": {True: "wss", False: "ws"},
+            }[self.protocol][base_url.is_secure]
+        else:
+            scheme = base_url.scheme
+
+        netloc = self.host or base_url.netloc
+        path = base_url.path.rstrip("/") + str(self)
+        return URL(scheme=scheme, netloc=netloc, path=path)
+
+
+class Secret:
+    """
+    Holds a string value that should not be revealed in tracebacks etc.
+    You should cast the value to `str` at the point it is required.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value: str):
+        self._value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"{class_name}('**********')"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._value
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._value)
+
+
+class CommaSeparatedStrings(Sequence[str]):
+    def __init__(self, value: str | Sequence[str]):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            splitter = shlex(value, posix=True)
+            splitter.whitespace = ","
+            splitter.whitespace_split = True
+            self._items = [item.strip() for item in splitter]
+        else:
+            self._items = list(value)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._items)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int | slice) -> Any:
+        return self._items[index]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._items)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        items = [item for item in self]
+        return f"{class_name}({items!r})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return ", ".join(repr(item) for item in self)
+
+
+class ImmutableMultiDict(Mapping[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]):
+    _dict: dict[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: ImmutableMultiDict[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]
+        | Mapping[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]
+        | Iterable[tuple[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+
+        value: Any = args[0] if args else []
+        if kwargs:
+            value = ImmutableMultiDict(value).multi_items() + ImmutableMultiDict(kwargs).multi_items()
+
+        if not value:
+            _items: list[tuple[Any, Any]] = []
+        elif hasattr(value, "multi_items"):
+            value = cast(ImmutableMultiDict[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType], value)
+            _items = list(value.multi_items())
+        elif hasattr(value, "items"):
+            value = cast(Mapping[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType], value)
+            _items = list(value.items())
+        else:
+            value = cast("list[tuple[Any, Any]]", value)
+            _items = list(value)
+
+        self._dict = {k: v for k, v in _items}
+        self._list = _items
+
+    def getlist(self, key: Any) -> list[_CovariantValueType]:
+        return [item_value for item_key, item_value in self._list if item_key == key]
+
+    def keys(self) -> KeysView[_KeyType]:
+        return self._dict.keys()
+
+    def values(self) -> ValuesView[_CovariantValueType]:
+        return self._dict.values()
+
+    def items(self) -> ItemsView[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]:
+        return self._dict.items()
+
+    def multi_items(self) -> list[tuple[_KeyType, _CovariantValueType]]:
+        return list(self._list)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: _KeyType) -> _CovariantValueType:
+        return self._dict[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: Any) -> bool:
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[_KeyType]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self._list) == sorted(other._list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        items = self.multi_items()
+        return f"{class_name}({items!r})"
+
+
+class MultiDict(ImmutableMultiDict[Any, Any]):
+    def __setitem__(self, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+        self.setlist(key, [value])
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: Any) -> None:
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k != key]
+        del self._dict[key]
+
+    def pop(self, key: Any, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k != key]
+        return self._dict.pop(key, default)
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
+        key, value = self._dict.popitem()
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k != key]
+        return key, value
+
+    def poplist(self, key: Any) -> list[Any]:
+        values = [v for k, v in self._list if k == key]
+        self.pop(key)
+        return values
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self._dict.clear()
+        self._list.clear()
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: Any, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        if key not in self:
+            self._dict[key] = default
+            self._list.append((key, default))
+
+        return self[key]
+
+    def setlist(self, key: Any, values: list[Any]) -> None:
+        if not values:
+            self.pop(key, None)
+        else:
+            existing_items = [(k, v) for (k, v) in self._list if k != key]
+            self._list = existing_items + [(key, value) for value in values]
+            self._dict[key] = values[-1]
+
+    def append(self, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._list.append((key, value))
+        self._dict[key] = value
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        *args: MultiDict | Mapping[Any, Any] | list[tuple[Any, Any]],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        value = MultiDict(*args, **kwargs)
+        existing_items = [(k, v) for (k, v) in self._list if k not in value.keys()]
+        self._list = existing_items + value.multi_items()
+        self._dict.update(value)
+
+
+class QueryParams(ImmutableMultiDict[str, str]):
+    """
+    An immutable multidict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: ImmutableMultiDict[Any, Any] | Mapping[Any, Any] | list[tuple[Any, Any]] | str | bytes,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert len(args) < 2, "Too many arguments."
+
+        value = args[0] if args else []
+
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            super().__init__(parse_qsl(value, keep_blank_values=True), **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+            super().__init__(parse_qsl(value.decode("latin-1"), keep_blank_values=True), **kwargs)
+        else:
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self._list = [(str(k), str(v)) for k, v in self._list]
+        self._dict = {str(k): str(v) for k, v in self._dict.items()}
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return urlencode(self._list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        query_string = str(self)
+        return f"{class_name}({query_string!r})"
+
+
+class UploadFile:
+    """
+    An uploaded file included as part of the request data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        file: BinaryIO,
+        *,
+        size: int | None = None,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        headers: Headers | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.file = file
+        self.size = size
+        self.headers = headers or Headers()
+
+        # Capture max size from SpooledTemporaryFile if one is provided. This slightly speeds up future checks.
+        # Note 0 means unlimited mirroring SpooledTemporaryFile's __init__
+        self._max_mem_size = getattr(self.file, "_max_size", 0)
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.headers.get("content-type", None)
+
+    @property
+    def _in_memory(self) -> bool:
+        # check for SpooledTemporaryFile._rolled
+        rolled_to_disk = getattr(self.file, "_rolled", True)
+        return not rolled_to_disk
+
+    def _will_roll(self, size_to_add: int) -> bool:
+        # If we're not in_memory then we will always roll
+        if not self._in_memory:
+            return True
+
+        # Check for SpooledTemporaryFile._max_size
+        future_size = self.file.tell() + size_to_add
+        return bool(future_size > self._max_mem_size) if self._max_mem_size else False
+
+    async def write(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        new_data_len = len(data)
+        if self.size is not None:
+            self.size += new_data_len
+
+        if self._will_roll(new_data_len):
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.file.write, data)
+        else:
+            self.file.write(data)
+
+    async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        if self._in_memory:
+            return self.file.read(size)
+        return await run_in_threadpool(self.file.read, size)
+
+    async def seek(self, offset: int) -> None:
+        if self._in_memory:
+            self.file.seek(offset)
+        else:
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.file.seek, offset)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._in_memory:
+            self.file.close()
+        else:
+            await run_in_threadpool(self.file.close)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(filename={self.filename!r}, size={self.size!r}, headers={self.headers!r})"
+
+
+class FormData(ImmutableMultiDict[str, UploadFile | str]):
+    """
+    An immutable multidict, containing both file uploads and text input.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: FormData | Mapping[str, str | UploadFile] | list[tuple[str, str | UploadFile]],
+        **kwargs: str | UploadFile,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        for key, value in self.multi_items():
+            if isinstance(value, UploadFile):
+                await value.close()
+
+
+class Headers(Mapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    An immutable, case-insensitive multidict.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        raw: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+        scope: MutableMapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._list: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+        if headers is not None:
+            assert raw is None, 'Cannot set both "headers" and "raw".'
+            assert scope is None, 'Cannot set both "headers" and "scope".'
+            self._list = [(key.lower().encode("latin-1"), value.encode("latin-1")) for key, value in headers.items()]
+        elif raw is not None:
+            assert scope is None, 'Cannot set both "raw" and "scope".'
+            self._list = raw
+        elif scope is not None:
+            # scope["headers"] isn't necessarily a list
+            # it might be a tuple or other iterable
+            self._list = scope["headers"] = list(scope["headers"])
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return list(self._list)
+
+    def keys(self) -> list[str]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [key.decode("latin-1") for key, value in self._list]
+
+    def values(self) -> list[str]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [value.decode("latin-1") for key, value in self._list]
+
+    def items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [(key.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1")) for key, value in self._list]
+
+    def getlist(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        return [item_value.decode("latin-1") for item_key, item_value in self._list if item_key == get_header_key]
+
+    def mutablecopy(self) -> MutableHeaders:
+        return MutableHeaders(raw=self._list[:])
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        for header_key, header_value in self._list:
+            if header_key == get_header_key:
+                return header_value.decode("latin-1")
+        raise KeyError(key)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: Any) -> bool:
+        get_header_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        for header_key, header_value in self._list:
+            if header_key == get_header_key:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]:
+        return iter(self.keys())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._list)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Headers):
+            return False
+        return sorted(self._list) == sorted(other._list)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        as_dict = dict(self.items())
+        if len(as_dict) == len(self):
+            return f"{class_name}({as_dict!r})"
+        return f"{class_name}(raw={self.raw!r})"
+
+
+class MutableHeaders(Headers):
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Set the header `key` to `value`, removing any duplicate entries.
+        Retains insertion order.
+        """
+        set_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        set_value = value.encode("latin-1")
+
+        found_indexes: list[int] = []
+        for idx, (item_key, item_value) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == set_key:
+                found_indexes.append(idx)
+
+        for idx in reversed(found_indexes[1:]):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+        if found_indexes:
+            idx = found_indexes[0]
+            self._list[idx] = (set_key, set_value)
+        else:
+            self._list.append((set_key, set_value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove the header `key`.
+        """
+        del_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+
+        pop_indexes: list[int] = []
+        for idx, (item_key, item_value) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == del_key:
+                pop_indexes.append(idx)
+
+        for idx in reversed(pop_indexes):
+            del self._list[idx]
+
+    def __ior__(self, other: Mapping[str, str]) -> MutableHeaders:
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected a mapping but got {other.__class__.__name__}")
+        self.update(other)
+        return self
+
+    def __or__(self, other: Mapping[str, str]) -> MutableHeaders:
+        if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected a mapping but got {other.__class__.__name__}")
+        new = self.mutablecopy()
+        new.update(other)
+        return new
+
+    @property
+    def raw(self) -> list[tuple[bytes, bytes]]:
+        return self._list
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, value: str) -> str:
+        """
+        If the header `key` does not exist, then set it to `value`.
+        Returns the header value.
+        """
+        set_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        set_value = value.encode("latin-1")
+
+        for idx, (item_key, item_value) in enumerate(self._list):
+            if item_key == set_key:
+                return item_value.decode("latin-1")
+        self._list.append((set_key, set_value))
+        return value
+
+    def update(self, other: Mapping[str, str]) -> None:
+        for key, val in other.items():
+            self[key] = val
+
+    def append(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Append a header, preserving any duplicate entries.
+        """
+        append_key = key.lower().encode("latin-1")
+        append_value = value.encode("latin-1")
+        self._list.append((append_key, append_value))
+
+    def add_vary_header(self, vary: str) -> None:
+        existing = self.get("vary")
+        if existing is not None:
+            vary = ", ".join([existing, vary])
+        self["vary"] = vary
+
+
+class State:
+    """
+    An object that can be used to store arbitrary state.
+
+    Used for `request.state` and `app.state`.
+    """
+
+    _state: dict[str, Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, state: dict[str, Any] | None = None):
+        if state is None:
+            state = {}
+        super().__setattr__("_state", state)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key: Any, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._state[key] = value
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key: Any) -> Any:
+        try:
+            return self._state[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            message = "'{}' object has no attribute '{}'"
+            raise AttributeError(message.format(self.__class__.__name__, key))
+
+    def __delattr__(self, key: Any) -> None:
+        del self._state[key]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self._state[key]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._state[key] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        del self._state[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._state)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._state)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/endpoints.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/endpoints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd51dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/endpoints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from starlette import status
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+
+class HTTPEndpoint:
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.receive = receive
+        self.send = send
+        self._allowed_methods = [
+            method
+            for method in ("GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+            if getattr(self, method.lower(), None) is not None
+        ]
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        return self.dispatch().__await__()
+
+    async def dispatch(self) -> None:
+        request = Request(self.scope, receive=self.receive)
+        handler_name = "get" if request.method == "HEAD" and not hasattr(self, "head") else request.method.lower()
+
+        handler: Callable[[Request], Any]
+        if request.method in self._allowed_methods or (request.method == "HEAD" and "GET" in self._allowed_methods):
+            handler = getattr(self, handler_name)
+        else:
+            handler = self.method_not_allowed
+        is_async = is_async_callable(handler)
+        if is_async:
+            response = await handler(request)
+        else:
+            response = await run_in_threadpool(handler, request)
+        await response(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
+
+    async def method_not_allowed(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        # If we're running inside a starlette application then raise an
+        # exception, so that the configurable exception handler can deal with
+        # returning the response. For plain ASGI apps, just return the response.
+        headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(self._allowed_methods)}
+        if "app" in self.scope:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
+        return PlainTextResponse("Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers)
+
+
+class WebSocketEndpoint:
+    encoding: Literal["text", "bytes", "json"] | None = None
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "websocket"
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.receive = receive
+        self.send = send
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
+        return self.dispatch().__await__()
+
+    async def dispatch(self) -> None:
+        websocket = WebSocket(self.scope, receive=self.receive, send=self.send)
+        await self.on_connect(websocket)
+
+        close_code = status.WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                message = await websocket.receive()
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.receive":
+                    data = await self.decode(websocket, message)
+                    await self.on_receive(websocket, data)
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":  # pragma: no branch
+                    close_code = int(message.get("code") or status.WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE)
+                    break
+        except Exception as exc:
+            close_code = status.WS_1011_INTERNAL_ERROR
+            raise exc
+        finally:
+            await self.on_disconnect(websocket, close_code)
+
+    async def decode(self, websocket: WebSocket, message: Message) -> Any:
+        if self.encoding == "text":
+            if "text" not in message:
+                await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
+                raise RuntimeError("Expected text websocket messages, but got bytes")
+            return message["text"]
+
+        elif self.encoding == "bytes":
+            if "bytes" not in message:
+                await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
+                raise RuntimeError("Expected bytes websocket messages, but got text")
+            return message["bytes"]
+
+        elif self.encoding == "json":
+            if message.get("text") is not None:
+                text = message["text"]
+            else:
+                text = message["bytes"].decode("utf-8")
+
+            try:
+                return json.loads(text)
+            except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
+                await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA)
+                raise RuntimeError("Malformed JSON data received.")
+
+        assert self.encoding is None, f"Unsupported 'encoding' attribute {self.encoding}"
+        return message["text"] if message.get("text") else message["bytes"]
+
+    async def on_connect(self, websocket: WebSocket) -> None:
+        """Override to handle an incoming websocket connection"""
+        await websocket.accept()
+
+    async def on_receive(self, websocket: WebSocket, data: Any) -> None:
+        """Override to handle an incoming websocket message"""
+
+    async def on_disconnect(self, websocket: WebSocket, close_code: int) -> None:
+        """Override to handle a disconnecting websocket"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cab4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+
+class HTTPException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, detail: str | None = None, headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
+        if detail is None:
+            detail = http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.detail = detail
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.status_code}: {self.detail}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"{class_name}(status_code={self.status_code!r}, detail={self.detail!r})"
+
+
+class WebSocketException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code: int, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self.reason = reason or ""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.code}: {self.reason}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        return f"{class_name}(code={self.code!r}, reason={self.reason!r})"
+
+
+class StarletteDeprecationWarning(UserWarning):
+    """A custom deprecation warning for Starlette.
+
+    Unlike the built-in DeprecationWarning, this inherits from UserWarning to ensure it is visible by default, helping
+    users discover deprecated features without needing to enable warnings explicitly.
+
+    Reference: https://sethmlarson.dev/deprecations-via-warnings-dont-work-for-python-libraries
+    """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/formparsers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/formparsers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f3c598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/formparsers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum
+from tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from urllib.parse import unquote_plus
+
+from starlette.datastructures import FormData, Headers, UploadFile
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import python_multipart as multipart
+    from python_multipart.multipart import MultipartCallbacks, QuerystringCallbacks, parse_options_header
+else:
+    try:
+        try:
+            import python_multipart as multipart
+            from python_multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+            import multipart
+            from multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        multipart = None
+        parse_options_header = None
+
+
+class FormMessage(Enum):
+    FIELD_START = 1
+    FIELD_NAME = 2
+    FIELD_DATA = 3
+    FIELD_END = 4
+    END = 5
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MultipartPart:
+    content_disposition: bytes | None = None
+    field_name: str = ""
+    data: bytearray = field(default_factory=bytearray)
+    file: UploadFile | None = None
+    item_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _user_safe_decode(src: bytes | bytearray, codec: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        return src.decode(codec)
+    except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
+        return src.decode("latin-1")
+
+
+class MultiPartException(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self.message = message
+
+
+class FormParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncGenerator[bytes, None],
+        *,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,  # 1MB
+    ) -> None:
+        assert multipart is not None, "The `python-multipart` library must be installed to use form parsing."
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.max_fields = max_fields
+        self.max_part_size = max_part_size
+        self.messages: list[tuple[FormMessage, bytes]] = []
+        self._current_field_size = 0
+        self._current_fields = 0
+
+    def on_field_start(self) -> None:
+        self._current_field_size = 0
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_START, b"")
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_field_name(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_field_size += end - start
+        if self._current_field_size > self.max_part_size:
+            raise MultiPartException(f"Field exceeded maximum size of {int(self.max_part_size / 1024)}KB.")
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_NAME, data[start:end])
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_field_data(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_field_size += end - start
+        if self._current_field_size > self.max_part_size:
+            raise MultiPartException(f"Field exceeded maximum size of {int(self.max_part_size / 1024)}KB.")
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_DATA, data[start:end])
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_field_end(self) -> None:
+        self._current_fields += 1
+        if self._current_fields > self.max_fields:
+            raise MultiPartException(f"Too many fields. Maximum number of fields is {self.max_fields}.")
+        message = (FormMessage.FIELD_END, b"")
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        message = (FormMessage.END, b"")
+        self.messages.append(message)
+
+    async def parse(self) -> FormData:
+        # Callbacks dictionary.
+        callbacks: QuerystringCallbacks = {
+            "on_field_start": self.on_field_start,
+            "on_field_name": self.on_field_name,
+            "on_field_data": self.on_field_data,
+            "on_field_end": self.on_field_end,
+            "on_end": self.on_end,
+        }
+
+        # Create the parser.
+        parser = multipart.QuerystringParser(callbacks)
+        field_name = bytearray()
+        field_value = bytearray()
+
+        items: list[tuple[str, str | UploadFile]] = []
+
+        # Feed the parser with data from the request.
+        async for chunk in self.stream:
+            if chunk:
+                parser.write(chunk)
+            else:
+                parser.finalize()
+            messages = list(self.messages)
+            self.messages.clear()
+            for message_type, message_bytes in messages:
+                if message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_START:
+                    field_name = bytearray()
+                    field_value = bytearray()
+                elif message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_NAME:
+                    field_name.extend(message_bytes)
+                elif message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_DATA:
+                    field_value.extend(message_bytes)
+                elif message_type == FormMessage.FIELD_END:
+                    name = unquote_plus(field_name.decode("latin-1"))
+                    value = unquote_plus(field_value.decode("latin-1"))
+                    items.append((name, value))
+
+        return FormData(items)
+
+
+class MultiPartParser:
+    spool_max_size = 1024 * 1024  # 1MB
+    """The maximum size of the spooled temporary file used to store file data."""
+    max_part_size = 1024 * 1024  # 1MB
+    """The maximum size of a part in the multipart request."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        headers: Headers,
+        stream: AsyncGenerator[bytes, None],
+        *,
+        max_files: int | float = 1000,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,  # 1MB
+    ) -> None:
+        assert multipart is not None, "The `python-multipart` library must be installed to use form parsing."
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.stream = stream
+        self.max_files = max_files
+        self.max_fields = max_fields
+        self.items: list[tuple[str, str | UploadFile]] = []
+        self._current_files = 0
+        self._current_fields = 0
+        self._current_partial_header_name: bytes = b""
+        self._current_partial_header_value: bytes = b""
+        self._current_part = MultipartPart()
+        self._charset = ""
+        self._file_parts_to_write: list[tuple[MultipartPart, bytes]] = []
+        self._file_parts_to_finish: list[MultipartPart] = []
+        self._files_to_close_on_error: list[SpooledTemporaryFile[bytes]] = []
+        self.max_part_size = max_part_size
+
+    def on_part_begin(self) -> None:
+        self._current_part = MultipartPart()
+
+    def on_part_data(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        message_bytes = data[start:end]
+        if self._current_part.file is None:
+            if len(self._current_part.data) + len(message_bytes) > self.max_part_size:
+                raise MultiPartException(f"Part exceeded maximum size of {int(self.max_part_size / 1024)}KB.")
+            self._current_part.data.extend(message_bytes)
+        else:
+            self._file_parts_to_write.append((self._current_part, message_bytes))
+
+    def on_part_end(self) -> None:
+        if self._current_part.file is None:
+            self.items.append(
+                (
+                    self._current_part.field_name,
+                    _user_safe_decode(self._current_part.data, self._charset),
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            self._file_parts_to_finish.append(self._current_part)
+            # The file can be added to the items right now even though it's not
+            # finished yet, because it will be finished in the `parse()` method, before
+            # self.items is used in the return value.
+            self.items.append((self._current_part.field_name, self._current_part.file))
+
+    def on_header_field(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_partial_header_name += data[start:end]
+
+    def on_header_value(self, data: bytes, start: int, end: int) -> None:
+        self._current_partial_header_value += data[start:end]
+
+    def on_header_end(self) -> None:
+        field = self._current_partial_header_name.lower()
+        if field == b"content-disposition":
+            self._current_part.content_disposition = self._current_partial_header_value
+        self._current_part.item_headers.append((field, self._current_partial_header_value))
+        self._current_partial_header_name = b""
+        self._current_partial_header_value = b""
+
+    def on_headers_finished(self) -> None:
+        disposition, options = parse_options_header(self._current_part.content_disposition)
+        try:
+            self._current_part.field_name = _user_safe_decode(options[b"name"], self._charset)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise MultiPartException('The Content-Disposition header field "name" must be provided.')
+        if b"filename" in options:
+            self._current_files += 1
+            if self._current_files > self.max_files:
+                raise MultiPartException(f"Too many files. Maximum number of files is {self.max_files}.")
+            filename = _user_safe_decode(options[b"filename"], self._charset)
+            tempfile = SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=self.spool_max_size)
+            self._files_to_close_on_error.append(tempfile)
+            self._current_part.file = UploadFile(
+                file=tempfile,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                size=0,
+                filename=filename,
+                headers=Headers(raw=self._current_part.item_headers),
+            )
+        else:
+            self._current_fields += 1
+            if self._current_fields > self.max_fields:
+                raise MultiPartException(f"Too many fields. Maximum number of fields is {self.max_fields}.")
+            self._current_part.file = None
+
+    def on_end(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def parse(self) -> FormData:
+        # Parse the Content-Type header to get the multipart boundary.
+        _, params = parse_options_header(self.headers["Content-Type"])
+        charset = params.get(b"charset", "utf-8")
+        if isinstance(charset, bytes):
+            charset = charset.decode("latin-1")
+        self._charset = charset
+        try:
+            boundary = params[b"boundary"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise MultiPartException("Missing boundary in multipart.")
+
+        # Callbacks dictionary.
+        callbacks: MultipartCallbacks = {
+            "on_part_begin": self.on_part_begin,
+            "on_part_data": self.on_part_data,
+            "on_part_end": self.on_part_end,
+            "on_header_field": self.on_header_field,
+            "on_header_value": self.on_header_value,
+            "on_header_end": self.on_header_end,
+            "on_headers_finished": self.on_headers_finished,
+            "on_end": self.on_end,
+        }
+
+        # Create the parser.
+        parser = multipart.MultipartParser(boundary, callbacks)
+        try:
+            # Feed the parser with data from the request.
+            async for chunk in self.stream:
+                parser.write(chunk)
+                # Write file data, it needs to use await with the UploadFile methods
+                # that call the corresponding file methods *in a threadpool*,
+                # otherwise, if they were called directly in the callback methods above
+                # (regular, non-async functions), that would block the event loop in
+                # the main thread.
+                for part, data in self._file_parts_to_write:
+                    assert part.file  # for type checkers
+                    await part.file.write(data)
+                for part in self._file_parts_to_finish:
+                    assert part.file  # for type checkers
+                    await part.file.seek(0)
+                self._file_parts_to_write.clear()
+                self._file_parts_to_finish.clear()
+            parser.finalize()
+        except (MultiPartException, OSError) as exc:
+            # Close all the files if there was an error.
+            for file in self._files_to_close_on_error:
+                file.close()
+            raise exc
+
+        return FormData(self.items)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8d47d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Iterator
+from typing import Any, ParamSpec, Protocol
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+_Scope = Any
+_Receive = Callable[[], Awaitable[Any]]
+_Send = Callable[[Any], Awaitable[None]]
+# Since `starlette.types.ASGIApp` type differs from `ASGIApplication` from `asgiref`
+# we need to define a more permissive version of ASGIApp that doesn't cause type errors.
+_ASGIApp = Callable[[_Scope, _Receive, _Send], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+class _MiddlewareFactory(Protocol[P]):
+    def __call__(self, app: _ASGIApp, /, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> _ASGIApp: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class Middleware:
+    def __init__(self, cls: _MiddlewareFactory[P], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+        self.cls = cls
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Any]:
+        as_tuple = (self.cls, self.args, self.kwargs)
+        return iter(as_tuple)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        args_strings = [f"{value!r}" for value in self.args]
+        option_strings = [f"{key}={value!r}" for key, value in self.kwargs.items()]
+        name = getattr(self.cls, "__name__", "")
+        args_repr = ", ".join([name] + args_strings + option_strings)
+        return f"{class_name}({args_repr})"
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/authentication.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/authentication.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935385f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/authentication.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+from starlette.authentication import (
+    AuthCredentials,
+    AuthenticationBackend,
+    AuthenticationError,
+    UnauthenticatedUser,
+)
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class AuthenticationMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        backend: AuthenticationBackend,
+        on_error: Callable[[HTTPConnection, AuthenticationError], Response] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.backend = backend
+        self.on_error: Callable[[HTTPConnection, AuthenticationError], Response] = (
+            on_error if on_error is not None else self.default_on_error
+        )
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] not in ["http", "websocket"]:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        conn = HTTPConnection(scope)
+        try:
+            auth_result = await self.backend.authenticate(conn)
+        except AuthenticationError as exc:
+            response = self.on_error(conn, exc)
+            if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+                await send({"type": "websocket.close", "code": 1000})
+            else:
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        if auth_result is None:
+            auth_result = AuthCredentials(), UnauthenticatedUser()
+        scope["auth"], scope["user"] = auth_result
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def default_on_error(conn: HTTPConnection, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        return PlainTextResponse(str(exc), status_code=400)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/base.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2579c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterable, Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+import anyio
+
+from starlette._utils import create_collapsing_task_group
+from starlette.requests import ClientDisconnect, Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+RequestResponseEndpoint = Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]
+DispatchFunction = Callable[[Request, RequestResponseEndpoint], Awaitable[Response]]
+BodyStreamGenerator = AsyncGenerator[bytes | MutableMapping[str, Any], None]
+AsyncContentStream = AsyncIterable[str | bytes | memoryview | MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class _CachedRequest(Request):
+    """
+    If the user calls Request.body() from their dispatch function
+    we cache the entire request body in memory and pass that to downstream middlewares,
+    but if they call Request.stream() then all we do is send an
+    empty body so that downstream things don't hang forever.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive):
+        super().__init__(scope, receive)
+        self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = False
+        self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = False
+        self._wrapped_rc_stream = self.stream()
+
+    async def wrapped_receive(self) -> Message:
+        # wrapped_rcv state 1: disconnected
+        if self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected:
+            # we've already sent a disconnect to the downstream app
+            # we don't need to wait to get another one
+            # (although most ASGI servers will just keep sending it)
+            return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+        # wrapped_rcv state 1: consumed but not yet disconnected
+        if self._wrapped_rcv_consumed:
+            # since the downstream app has consumed us all that is left
+            # is to send it a disconnect
+            if self._is_disconnected:
+                # the middleware has already seen the disconnect
+                # since we know the client is disconnected no need to wait
+                # for the message
+                self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = True
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+            # we don't know yet if the client is disconnected or not
+            # so we'll wait until we get that message
+            msg = await self.receive()
+            if msg["type"] != "http.disconnect":  # pragma: no cover
+                # at this point a disconnect is all that we should be receiving
+                # if we get something else, things went wrong somewhere
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected message received: {msg['type']}")
+            self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = True
+            return msg
+
+        # wrapped_rcv state 3: not yet consumed
+        if getattr(self, "_body", None) is not None:
+            # body() was called, we return it even if the client disconnected
+            self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = True
+            return {
+                "type": "http.request",
+                "body": self._body,
+                "more_body": False,
+            }
+        elif self._stream_consumed:
+            # stream() was called to completion
+            # return an empty body so that downstream apps don't hang
+            # waiting for a disconnect
+            self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = True
+            return {
+                "type": "http.request",
+                "body": b"",
+                "more_body": False,
+            }
+        else:
+            # body() was never called and stream() wasn't consumed
+            try:
+                stream = self.stream()
+                chunk = await stream.__anext__()
+                self._wrapped_rcv_consumed = self._stream_consumed
+                return {
+                    "type": "http.request",
+                    "body": chunk,
+                    "more_body": not self._stream_consumed,
+                }
+            except ClientDisconnect:
+                self._wrapped_rcv_disconnected = True
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+
+class BaseHTTPMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, dispatch: DispatchFunction | None = None) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.dispatch_func = self.dispatch if dispatch is None else dispatch
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        request = _CachedRequest(scope, receive)
+        wrapped_receive = request.wrapped_receive
+        response_sent = anyio.Event()
+        app_exc: Exception | None = None
+        exception_already_raised = False
+
+        async def call_next(request: Request) -> Response:
+            async def receive_or_disconnect() -> Message:
+                if response_sent.is_set():
+                    return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+                async with anyio.create_task_group() as task_group:
+
+                    async def wrap(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[T]]) -> T:
+                        result = await func()
+                        task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
+                        return result
+
+                    task_group.start_soon(wrap, response_sent.wait)
+                    message = await wrap(wrapped_receive)
+
+                if response_sent.is_set():
+                    return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+                return message
+
+            async def send_no_error(message: Message) -> None:
+                try:
+                    await send_stream.send(message)
+                except anyio.BrokenResourceError:
+                    # recv_stream has been closed, i.e. response_sent has been set.
+                    return
+
+            async def coro() -> None:
+                nonlocal app_exc
+
+                with send_stream:
+                    try:
+                        await self.app(scope, receive_or_disconnect, send_no_error)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        app_exc = exc
+
+            task_group.start_soon(coro)
+
+            try:
+                message = await recv_stream.receive()
+                info = message.get("info", None)
+                if message["type"] == "http.response.debug" and info is not None:
+                    message = await recv_stream.receive()
+            except anyio.EndOfStream:
+                if app_exc is not None:
+                    nonlocal exception_already_raised
+                    exception_already_raised = True
+                    # Prevent `anyio.EndOfStream` from polluting app exception context.
+                    # If both cause and context are None then the context is suppressed
+                    # and `anyio.EndOfStream` is not present in the exception traceback.
+                    # If exception cause is not None then it is propagated with
+                    # reraising here.
+                    # If exception has no cause but has context set then the context is
+                    # propagated as a cause with the reraise. This is necessary in order
+                    # to prevent `anyio.EndOfStream` from polluting the exception
+                    # context.
+                    raise app_exc from app_exc.__cause__ or app_exc.__context__
+                raise RuntimeError("No response returned.")
+
+            assert message["type"] == "http.response.start"
+
+            async def body_stream() -> BodyStreamGenerator:
+                async for message in recv_stream:
+                    if message["type"] == "http.response.pathsend":
+                        yield message
+                        break
+                    assert message["type"] == "http.response.body", f"Unexpected message: {message}"
+                    body = message.get("body", b"")
+                    if body:
+                        yield body
+                    if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                        break
+
+            response = _StreamingResponse(status_code=message["status"], content=body_stream(), info=info)
+            response.raw_headers = message["headers"]
+            return response
+
+        streams: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[Message] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream()
+        send_stream, recv_stream = streams
+        with recv_stream, send_stream:
+            async with create_collapsing_task_group() as task_group:
+                response = await self.dispatch_func(request, call_next)
+                await response(scope, wrapped_receive, send)
+                response_sent.set()
+                recv_stream.close()
+        if app_exc is not None and not exception_already_raised:
+            raise app_exc
+
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint) -> Response:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class _StreamingResponse(Response):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: AsyncContentStream,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        info: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.info = info
+        self.body_iterator = content
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+        self.background = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.info is not None:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.debug", "info": self.info})
+        await send(
+            {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": self.status_code,
+                "headers": self.raw_headers,
+            }
+        )
+
+        should_close_body = True
+        async for chunk in self.body_iterator:
+            if isinstance(chunk, dict):
+                # We got an ASGI message which is not response body (eg: pathsend)
+                should_close_body = False
+                await send(chunk)
+                continue
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True})
+
+        if should_close_body:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+
+        if self.background:
+            await self.background()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/cors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/cors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65fc15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/cors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from starlette.datastructures import Headers, MutableHeaders
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+ALL_METHODS = ("DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PATCH", "POST", "PUT")
+SAFELISTED_HEADERS = {"Accept", "Accept-Language", "Content-Language", "Content-Type"}
+
+
+class CORSMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        allow_origins: Sequence[str] = (),
+        allow_methods: Sequence[str] = ("GET",),
+        allow_headers: Sequence[str] = (),
+        allow_credentials: bool = False,
+        allow_origin_regex: str | None = None,
+        allow_private_network: bool = False,
+        expose_headers: Sequence[str] = (),
+        max_age: int = 600,
+    ) -> None:
+        if "*" in allow_methods:
+            allow_methods = ALL_METHODS
+
+        compiled_allow_origin_regex = None
+        if allow_origin_regex is not None:
+            compiled_allow_origin_regex = re.compile(allow_origin_regex)
+
+        allow_all_origins = "*" in allow_origins
+        allow_all_headers = "*" in allow_headers
+        preflight_explicit_allow_origin = not allow_all_origins or allow_credentials
+
+        simple_headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if allow_all_origins:
+            simple_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"
+        if allow_credentials:
+            simple_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"] = "true"
+        if expose_headers:
+            simple_headers["Access-Control-Expose-Headers"] = ", ".join(expose_headers)
+
+        preflight_headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+        if preflight_explicit_allow_origin:
+            # The origin value will be set in preflight_response() if it is allowed.
+            preflight_headers["Vary"] = "Origin"
+        else:
+            preflight_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"
+        preflight_headers.update(
+            {
+                "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": ", ".join(allow_methods),
+                "Access-Control-Max-Age": str(max_age),
+            }
+        )
+        allow_headers = sorted(SAFELISTED_HEADERS | set(allow_headers))
+        if allow_headers and not allow_all_headers:
+            preflight_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = ", ".join(allow_headers)
+        if allow_credentials:
+            preflight_headers["Access-Control-Allow-Credentials"] = "true"
+
+        self.app = app
+        self.allow_origins = allow_origins
+        self.allow_methods = allow_methods
+        self.allow_headers = [h.lower() for h in allow_headers]
+        self.allow_all_origins = allow_all_origins
+        self.allow_all_headers = allow_all_headers
+        self.allow_credentials = allow_credentials
+        self.preflight_explicit_allow_origin = preflight_explicit_allow_origin
+        self.allow_origin_regex = compiled_allow_origin_regex
+        self.allow_private_network = allow_private_network
+        self.simple_headers = simple_headers
+        self.preflight_headers = preflight_headers
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        method = scope["method"]
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        origin = headers.get("origin")
+
+        if origin is None:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        if method == "OPTIONS" and "access-control-request-method" in headers:
+            response = self.preflight_response(request_headers=headers)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        await self.simple_response(scope, receive, send, request_headers=headers)
+
+    def is_allowed_origin(self, origin: str) -> bool:
+        if self.allow_all_origins:
+            return True
+
+        if self.allow_origin_regex is not None and self.allow_origin_regex.fullmatch(origin):
+            return True
+
+        return origin in self.allow_origins
+
+    def preflight_response(self, request_headers: Headers) -> Response:
+        requested_origin = request_headers["origin"]
+        requested_method = request_headers["access-control-request-method"]
+        requested_headers = request_headers.get("access-control-request-headers")
+        requested_private_network = request_headers.get("access-control-request-private-network")
+
+        headers = dict(self.preflight_headers)
+        failures: list[str] = []
+
+        if self.is_allowed_origin(origin=requested_origin):
+            if self.preflight_explicit_allow_origin:
+                # The "else" case is already accounted for in self.preflight_headers
+                # and the value would be "*".
+                headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = requested_origin
+        else:
+            failures.append("origin")
+
+        if requested_method not in self.allow_methods:
+            failures.append("method")
+
+        # If we allow all headers, then we have to mirror back any requested
+        # headers in the response.
+        if self.allow_all_headers and requested_headers is not None:
+            headers["Access-Control-Allow-Headers"] = requested_headers
+        elif requested_headers is not None:
+            for header in [h.lower() for h in requested_headers.split(",")]:
+                if header.strip() not in self.allow_headers:
+                    failures.append("headers")
+                    break
+
+        if requested_private_network is not None:
+            if self.allow_private_network:
+                headers["Access-Control-Allow-Private-Network"] = "true"
+            else:
+                failures.append("private-network")
+
+        # We don't strictly need to use 400 responses here, since its up to
+        # the browser to enforce the CORS policy, but its more informative
+        # if we do.
+        if failures:
+            failure_text = "Disallowed CORS " + ", ".join(failures)
+            return PlainTextResponse(failure_text, status_code=400, headers=headers)
+
+        return PlainTextResponse("OK", status_code=200, headers=headers)
+
+    async def simple_response(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send, request_headers: Headers) -> None:
+        send = functools.partial(self.send, send=send, request_headers=request_headers)
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def send(self, message: Message, send: Send, request_headers: Headers) -> None:
+        if message["type"] != "http.response.start":
+            await send(message)
+            return
+
+        message.setdefault("headers", [])
+        headers = MutableHeaders(scope=message)
+        headers.update(self.simple_headers)
+        origin = request_headers["Origin"]
+
+        # If credentials are allowed, then we must respond with the specific origin instead of '*'.
+        if self.allow_all_origins and self.allow_credentials:
+            self.allow_explicit_origin(headers, origin)
+
+        # If we only allow specific origins, then we have to mirror back the Origin header in the response.
+        elif not self.allow_all_origins and self.is_allowed_origin(origin=origin):
+            self.allow_explicit_origin(headers, origin)
+
+        await send(message)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def allow_explicit_origin(headers: MutableHeaders, origin: str) -> None:
+        headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = origin
+        headers.add_vary_header("Origin")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/errors.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a302a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import html
+import inspect
+import sys
+import traceback
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+STYLES = """
+p {
+    color: #211c1c;
+}
+.traceback-container {
+    border: 1px solid #038BB8;
+}
+.traceback-title {
+    background-color: #038BB8;
+    color: lemonchiffon;
+    padding: 12px;
+    font-size: 20px;
+    margin-top: 0px;
+}
+.frame-line {
+    padding-left: 10px;
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+.frame-filename {
+    font-family: monospace;
+}
+.center-line {
+    background-color: #038BB8;
+    color: #f9f6e1;
+    padding: 5px 0px 5px 5px;
+}
+.lineno {
+    margin-right: 5px;
+}
+.frame-title {
+    font-weight: unset;
+    padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px;
+    background-color: #E4F4FD;
+    margin-right: 10px;
+    color: #191f21;
+    font-size: 17px;
+    border: 1px solid #c7dce8;
+}
+.collapse-btn {
+    float: right;
+    padding: 0px 5px 1px 5px;
+    border: solid 1px #96aebb;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+.collapsed {
+  display: none;
+}
+.source-code {
+  font-family: courier;
+  font-size: small;
+  padding-bottom: 10px;
+}
+"""
+
+JS = """
+<script type="text/javascript">
+    function collapse(element){
+        const frameId = element.getAttribute("data-frame-id");
+        const frame = document.getElementById(frameId);
+
+        if (frame.classList.contains("collapsed")){
+            element.innerHTML = "&#8210;";
+            frame.classList.remove("collapsed");
+        } else {
+            element.innerHTML = "+";
+            frame.classList.add("collapsed");
+        }
+    }
+</script>
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE = """
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <style type='text/css'>
+            {styles}
+        </style>
+        <title>Starlette Debugger</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h1>500 Server Error</h1>
+        <h2>{error}</h2>
+        <div class="traceback-container">
+            <p class="traceback-title">Traceback</p>
+            <div>{exc_html}</div>
+        </div>
+        {js}
+    </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+FRAME_TEMPLATE = """
+<div>
+    <p class="frame-title">File <span class="frame-filename">{frame_filename}</span>,
+    line <i>{frame_lineno}</i>,
+    in <b>{frame_name}</b>
+    <span class="collapse-btn" data-frame-id="{frame_filename}-{frame_lineno}" onclick="collapse(this)">{collapse_button}</span>
+    </p>
+    <div id="{frame_filename}-{frame_lineno}" class="source-code {collapsed}">{code_context}</div>
+</div>
+"""  # noqa: E501
+
+LINE = """
+<p><span class="frame-line">
+<span class="lineno">{lineno}.</span> {line}</span></p>
+"""
+
+CENTER_LINE = """
+<p class="center-line"><span class="frame-line center-line">
+<span class="lineno">{lineno}.</span> {line}</span></p>
+"""
+
+
+class ServerErrorMiddleware:
+    """
+    Handles returning 500 responses when a server error occurs.
+
+    If 'debug' is set, then traceback responses will be returned,
+    otherwise the designated 'handler' will be called.
+
+    This middleware class should generally be used to wrap *everything*
+    else up, so that unhandled exceptions anywhere in the stack
+    always result in an appropriate 500 response.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        handler: ExceptionHandler | None = None,
+        debug: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.debug = debug
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        response_started = False
+
+        async def _send(message: Message) -> None:
+            nonlocal response_started, send
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                response_started = True
+            await send(message)
+
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, _send)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            request = Request(scope)
+            if self.debug:
+                # In debug mode, return traceback responses.
+                response = self.debug_response(request, exc)
+            elif self.handler is None:
+                # Use our default 500 error handler.
+                response = self.error_response(request, exc)
+            else:
+                # Use an installed 500 error handler.
+                if is_async_callable(self.handler):
+                    response = await self.handler(request, exc)  # type: ignore[assignment, arg-type]
+                else:
+                    response = await run_in_threadpool(self.handler, request, exc)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+            if not response_started:
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+            # We always continue to raise the exception.
+            # This allows servers to log the error, or allows test clients
+            # to optionally raise the error within the test case.
+            raise exc
+
+    def format_line(self, index: int, line: str, frame_lineno: int, frame_index: int) -> str:
+        values = {
+            # HTML escape - line could contain < or >
+            "line": html.escape(line).replace(" ", "&nbsp"),
+            "lineno": (frame_lineno - frame_index) + index,
+        }
+
+        if index != frame_index:
+            return LINE.format(**values)
+        return CENTER_LINE.format(**values)
+
+    def generate_frame_html(self, frame: inspect.FrameInfo, is_collapsed: bool) -> str:
+        code_context = "".join(
+            self.format_line(
+                index,
+                line,
+                frame.lineno,
+                frame.index,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+            for index, line in enumerate(frame.code_context or [])
+        )
+
+        values = {
+            # HTML escape - filename could contain < or >, especially if it's a virtual
+            # file e.g. <stdin> in the REPL
+            "frame_filename": html.escape(frame.filename),
+            "frame_lineno": frame.lineno,
+            # HTML escape - if you try very hard it's possible to name a function with <
+            # or >
+            "frame_name": html.escape(frame.function),
+            "code_context": code_context,
+            "collapsed": "collapsed" if is_collapsed else "",
+            "collapse_button": "+" if is_collapsed else "&#8210;",
+        }
+        return FRAME_TEMPLATE.format(**values)
+
+    def generate_html(self, exc: Exception, limit: int = 7) -> str:
+        traceback_obj = traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(exc, capture_locals=True)
+
+        exc_html = ""
+        is_collapsed = False
+        exc_traceback = exc.__traceback__
+        if exc_traceback is not None:
+            frames = inspect.getinnerframes(exc_traceback, limit)
+            for frame in reversed(frames):
+                exc_html += self.generate_frame_html(frame, is_collapsed)
+                is_collapsed = True
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+            exc_type_str = traceback_obj.exc_type_str
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            exc_type_str = traceback_obj.exc_type.__name__
+
+        # escape error class and text
+        error = f"{html.escape(exc_type_str)}: {html.escape(str(traceback_obj))}"
+
+        return TEMPLATE.format(styles=STYLES, js=JS, error=error, exc_html=exc_html)
+
+    def generate_plain_text(self, exc: Exception) -> str:
+        return "".join(traceback.format_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__))
+
+    def debug_response(self, request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        accept = request.headers.get("accept", "")
+
+        if "text/html" in accept:
+            content = self.generate_html(exc)
+            return HTMLResponse(content, status_code=500)
+        content = self.generate_plain_text(exc)
+        return PlainTextResponse(content, status_code=500)
+
+    def error_response(self, request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        return PlainTextResponse("Internal Server Error", status_code=500)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c98558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
+
+from starlette._exception_handler import (
+    ExceptionHandlers,
+    StatusHandlers,
+    wrap_app_handling_exceptions,
+)
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException, WebSocketException
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, ExceptionHandler, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+
+class ExceptionMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        handlers: Mapping[Any, ExceptionHandler] | None = None,
+        debug: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.debug = debug  # TODO: We ought to handle 404 cases if debug is set.
+        self._status_handlers: StatusHandlers = {}
+        self._exception_handlers: ExceptionHandlers = {
+            HTTPException: self.http_exception,
+            WebSocketException: self.websocket_exception,
+        }
+        if handlers is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            for key, value in handlers.items():
+                self.add_exception_handler(key, value)
+
+    def add_exception_handler(
+        self,
+        exc_class_or_status_code: int | type[Exception],
+        handler: ExceptionHandler,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(exc_class_or_status_code, int):
+            self._status_handlers[exc_class_or_status_code] = handler
+        else:
+            assert issubclass(exc_class_or_status_code, Exception)
+            self._exception_handlers[exc_class_or_status_code] = handler
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] not in ("http", "websocket"):
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        scope["starlette.exception_handlers"] = (
+            self._exception_handlers,
+            self._status_handlers,
+        )
+
+        conn: Request | WebSocket
+        if scope["type"] == "http":
+            conn = Request(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            conn = WebSocket(scope, receive, send)
+
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(self.app, conn)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def http_exception(self, request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
+        assert isinstance(exc, HTTPException)
+        if exc.status_code in {204, 304}:
+            return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)
+        return PlainTextResponse(exc.detail, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=exc.headers)
+
+    async def websocket_exception(self, websocket: WebSocket, exc: Exception) -> None:
+        assert isinstance(exc, WebSocketException)
+        await websocket.close(code=exc.code, reason=exc.reason)  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/gzip.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/gzip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abd898b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/gzip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+import gzip
+import io
+from typing import NoReturn
+
+from starlette.datastructures import Headers, MutableHeaders
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_CONTENT_TYPES = ("text/event-stream",)
+
+
+class GZipMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, minimum_size: int = 500, compresslevel: int = 9) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.compresslevel = compresslevel
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] != "http":  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        responder: ASGIApp
+        if "gzip" in headers.get("Accept-Encoding", ""):
+            responder = GZipResponder(self.app, self.minimum_size, compresslevel=self.compresslevel)
+        else:
+            responder = IdentityResponder(self.app, self.minimum_size)
+
+        await responder(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class IdentityResponder:
+    content_encoding: str
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, minimum_size: int) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
+        self.send: Send = unattached_send
+        self.initial_message: Message = {}
+        self.started = False
+        self.content_encoding_set = False
+        self.content_type_is_excluded = False
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        self.send = send
+        await self.app(scope, receive, self.send_with_compression)
+
+    async def send_with_compression(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        message_type = message["type"]
+        if message_type == "http.response.start":
+            # Don't send the initial message until we've determined how to
+            # modify the outgoing headers correctly.
+            self.initial_message = message
+            headers = Headers(raw=self.initial_message["headers"])
+            self.content_encoding_set = "content-encoding" in headers
+            self.content_type_is_excluded = headers.get("content-type", "").startswith(DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_CONTENT_TYPES)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.body" and (self.content_encoding_set or self.content_type_is_excluded):
+            if not self.started:
+                self.started = True
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+            await self.send(message)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.body" and not self.started:
+            self.started = True
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+            if len(body) < self.minimum_size and not more_body:
+                # Don't apply compression to small outgoing responses.
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+                await self.send(message)
+            elif not more_body:
+                # Standard response.
+                body = self.apply_compression(body, more_body=False)
+
+                headers = MutableHeaders(raw=self.initial_message["headers"])
+                headers.add_vary_header("Accept-Encoding")
+                if body != message["body"]:
+                    headers["Content-Encoding"] = self.content_encoding
+                    headers["Content-Length"] = str(len(body))
+                    message["body"] = body
+
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+                await self.send(message)
+            else:
+                # Initial body in streaming response.
+                body = self.apply_compression(body, more_body=True)
+
+                headers = MutableHeaders(raw=self.initial_message["headers"])
+                headers.add_vary_header("Accept-Encoding")
+                if body != message["body"]:
+                    headers["Content-Encoding"] = self.content_encoding
+                    del headers["Content-Length"]
+                    message["body"] = body
+
+                await self.send(self.initial_message)
+                await self.send(message)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.body":
+            # Remaining body in streaming response.
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+            message["body"] = self.apply_compression(body, more_body=more_body)
+
+            await self.send(message)
+        elif message_type == "http.response.pathsend":  # pragma: no branch
+            # Don't apply GZip to pathsend responses
+            await self.send(self.initial_message)
+            await self.send(message)
+
+    def apply_compression(self, body: bytes, *, more_body: bool) -> bytes:
+        """Apply compression on the response body.
+
+        If more_body is False, any compression file should be closed. If it
+        isn't, it won't be closed automatically until all background tasks
+        complete.
+        """
+        return body
+
+
+class GZipResponder(IdentityResponder):
+    content_encoding = "gzip"
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp, minimum_size: int, compresslevel: int = 9) -> None:
+        super().__init__(app, minimum_size)
+
+        self.gzip_buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        self.gzip_file = gzip.GzipFile(mode="wb", fileobj=self.gzip_buffer, compresslevel=compresslevel)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        with self.gzip_buffer, self.gzip_file:
+            await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def apply_compression(self, body: bytes, *, more_body: bool) -> bytes:
+        self.gzip_file.write(body)
+        if not more_body:
+            self.gzip_file.close()
+
+        body = self.gzip_buffer.getvalue()
+        self.gzip_buffer.seek(0)
+        self.gzip_buffer.truncate()
+
+        return body
+
+
+async def unattached_send(message: Message) -> NoReturn:
+    raise RuntimeError("send awaitable not set")  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/httpsredirect.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/httpsredirect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a835906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/httpsredirect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from starlette.datastructures import URL
+from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class HTTPSRedirectMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket") and scope["scheme"] in ("http", "ws"):
+            url = URL(scope=scope)
+            redirect_scheme = {"http": "https", "ws": "wss"}[url.scheme]
+            netloc = url.hostname if url.port in (80, 443) else url.netloc
+            url = url.replace(scheme=redirect_scheme, netloc=netloc)
+            response = RedirectResponse(url, status_code=307)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/sessions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/sessions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa0383f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/sessions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import typing
+from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
+from typing import Literal
+
+import itsdangerous
+from itsdangerous.exc import BadSignature
+
+from starlette.datastructures import MutableHeaders, Secret
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class SessionMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        secret_key: str | Secret,
+        session_cookie: str = "session",
+        max_age: int | None = 14 * 24 * 60 * 60,  # 14 days, in seconds
+        path: str = "/",
+        same_site: Literal["lax", "strict", "none"] = "lax",
+        https_only: bool = False,
+        domain: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.signer = itsdangerous.TimestampSigner(str(secret_key))
+        self.session_cookie = session_cookie
+        self.max_age = max_age
+        self.path = path
+        self.security_flags = "httponly; samesite=" + same_site
+        if https_only:  # Secure flag can be used with HTTPS only
+            self.security_flags += "; secure"
+        if domain is not None:
+            self.security_flags += f"; domain={domain}"
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] not in ("http", "websocket"):  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        connection = HTTPConnection(scope)
+        initial_session_was_empty = True
+
+        if self.session_cookie in connection.cookies:
+            data = connection.cookies[self.session_cookie].encode("utf-8")
+            try:
+                data = self.signer.unsign(data, max_age=self.max_age)
+                scope["session"] = Session(json.loads(b64decode(data)))
+                initial_session_was_empty = False
+            except BadSignature:
+                scope["session"] = Session()
+        else:
+            scope["session"] = Session()
+
+        async def send_wrapper(message: Message) -> None:
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                session: Session = scope["session"]
+                headers = MutableHeaders(scope=message)
+                if session.accessed:
+                    headers.add_vary_header("Cookie")
+                if session.modified and session:
+                    # We have session data to persist.
+                    data = b64encode(json.dumps(session).encode("utf-8"))
+                    data = self.signer.sign(data)
+                    header_value = "{session_cookie}={data}; path={path}; {max_age}{security_flags}".format(
+                        session_cookie=self.session_cookie,
+                        data=data.decode("utf-8"),
+                        path=self.path,
+                        max_age=f"Max-Age={self.max_age}; " if self.max_age else "",
+                        security_flags=self.security_flags,
+                    )
+                    headers.append("Set-Cookie", header_value)
+                elif session.modified and not initial_session_was_empty:
+                    # The session has been cleared.
+                    header_value = "{session_cookie}={data}; path={path}; {expires}{security_flags}".format(
+                        session_cookie=self.session_cookie,
+                        data="null",
+                        path=self.path,
+                        expires="expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; ",
+                        security_flags=self.security_flags,
+                    )
+                    headers.append("Set-Cookie", header_value)
+            await send(message)
+
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send_wrapper)
+
+
+class Session(dict[str, typing.Any]):
+    accessed: bool = False
+    modified: bool = False
+
+    def mark_accessed(self) -> None:
+        self.accessed = True
+
+    def mark_modified(self) -> None:
+        self.accessed = True
+        self.modified = True
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: typing.Any) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().__delitem__(key)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().clear()
+
+    def pop(self, key: str, *args: typing.Any) -> typing.Any:
+        self.modified = self.modified or key in self
+        return super().pop(key, *args)
+
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, default: typing.Any = None) -> typing.Any:
+        if key not in self:
+            self.mark_modified()
+        return super().setdefault(key, default)
+
+    def update(self, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> None:
+        self.mark_modified()
+        super().update(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/trustedhost.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/trustedhost.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98451e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/trustedhost.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, RedirectResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+ENFORCE_DOMAIN_WILDCARD = "Domain wildcard patterns must be like '*.example.com'."
+
+
+class TrustedHostMiddleware:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        allowed_hosts: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        www_redirect: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        if allowed_hosts is None:
+            allowed_hosts = ["*"]
+
+        for pattern in allowed_hosts:
+            assert "*" not in pattern[1:], ENFORCE_DOMAIN_WILDCARD
+            if pattern.startswith("*") and pattern != "*":
+                assert pattern.startswith("*."), ENFORCE_DOMAIN_WILDCARD
+        self.app = app
+        self.allowed_hosts = list(allowed_hosts)
+        self.allow_any = "*" in allowed_hosts
+        self.www_redirect = www_redirect
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.allow_any or scope["type"] not in (
+            "http",
+            "websocket",
+        ):  # pragma: no cover
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        host = headers.get("host", "").split(":")[0]
+        is_valid_host = False
+        found_www_redirect = False
+        for pattern in self.allowed_hosts:
+            if host == pattern or (pattern.startswith("*") and host.endswith(pattern[1:])):
+                is_valid_host = True
+                break
+            elif "www." + host == pattern:
+                found_www_redirect = True
+
+        if is_valid_host:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            response: Response
+            if found_www_redirect and self.www_redirect:
+                url = URL(scope=scope)
+                redirect_url = url.replace(netloc="www." + url.netloc)
+                response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
+            else:
+                response = PlainTextResponse("Invalid host header", status_code=400)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/wsgi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f456fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/middleware/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import math
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any
+
+import anyio
+from anyio.abc import ObjectReceiveStream, ObjectSendStream
+
+from starlette._utils import create_collapsing_task_group
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "starlette.middleware.wsgi is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. "
+    "Please refer to https://github.com/abersheeran/a2wsgi as a replacement.",
+    StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
+
+
+def build_environ(scope: Scope, body: bytes) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Builds a scope and request body into a WSGI environ object.
+    """
+
+    script_name = scope.get("root_path", "").encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    path_info = scope["path"].encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    if path_info.startswith(script_name):
+        path_info = path_info[len(script_name) :]
+
+    environ = {
+        "REQUEST_METHOD": scope["method"],
+        "SCRIPT_NAME": script_name,
+        "PATH_INFO": path_info,
+        "QUERY_STRING": scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"),
+        "SERVER_PROTOCOL": f"HTTP/{scope['http_version']}",
+        "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+        "wsgi.url_scheme": scope.get("scheme", "http"),
+        "wsgi.input": io.BytesIO(body),
+        "wsgi.errors": sys.stdout,
+        "wsgi.multithread": True,
+        "wsgi.multiprocess": True,
+        "wsgi.run_once": False,
+    }
+
+    # Get server name and port - required in WSGI, not in ASGI
+    server = scope.get("server") or ("localhost", 80)
+    environ["SERVER_NAME"] = server[0]
+    environ["SERVER_PORT"] = server[1]
+
+    # Get client IP address
+    if scope.get("client"):
+        environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = scope["client"][0]
+
+    # Go through headers and make them into environ entries
+    for name, value in scope.get("headers", []):
+        name = name.decode("latin1")
+        if name == "content-length":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_LENGTH"
+        elif name == "content-type":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_TYPE"
+        else:
+            corrected_name = f"HTTP_{name}".upper().replace("-", "_")
+        # HTTPbis say only ASCII chars are allowed in headers, but we latin1 just in
+        # case
+        value = value.decode("latin1")
+        if corrected_name in environ:
+            value = environ[corrected_name] + "," + value
+        environ[corrected_name] = value
+    return environ
+
+
+class WSGIMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        responder = WSGIResponder(self.app, scope)
+        await responder(receive, send)
+
+
+class WSGIResponder:
+    stream_send: ObjectSendStream[MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+    stream_receive: ObjectReceiveStream[MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+
+    def __init__(self, app: Callable[..., Any], scope: Scope) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.status = None
+        self.response_headers = None
+        self.stream_send, self.stream_receive = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.exc_info: Any = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        body = b""
+        more_body = True
+        while more_body:
+            message = await receive()
+            body += message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+        environ = build_environ(self.scope, body)
+
+        async with create_collapsing_task_group() as task_group:
+            task_group.start_soon(self.sender, send)
+            async with self.stream_send:
+                await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.wsgi, environ, self.start_response)
+        if self.exc_info is not None:
+            raise self.exc_info[0].with_traceback(self.exc_info[1], self.exc_info[2])
+
+    async def sender(self, send: Send) -> None:
+        async with self.stream_receive:
+            async for message in self.stream_receive:
+                await send(message)
+
+    def start_response(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        response_headers: list[tuple[str, str]],
+        exc_info: Any = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+        if not self.response_started:  # pragma: no branch
+            self.response_started = True
+            status_code_string, _ = status.split(" ", 1)
+            status_code = int(status_code_string)
+            headers = [
+                (name.strip().encode("ascii").lower(), value.strip().encode("ascii"))
+                for name, value in response_headers
+            ]
+            anyio.from_thread.run(
+                self.stream_send.send,
+                {
+                    "type": "http.response.start",
+                    "status": status_code,
+                    "headers": headers,
+                },
+            )
+
+    def wsgi(
+        self,
+        environ: dict[str, Any],
+        start_response: Callable[..., Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        for chunk in self.app(environ, start_response):
+            anyio.from_thread.run(
+                self.stream_send.send,
+                {"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True},
+            )
+
+        anyio.from_thread.run(self.stream_send.send, {"type": "http.response.body", "body": b""})
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/requests.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4f3f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Iterator, Mapping
+from http import cookies as http_cookies
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, NoReturn, cast
+
+import anyio
+
+from starlette._utils import AwaitableOrContextManager, AwaitableOrContextManagerWrapper
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Address, FormData, Headers, QueryParams, State
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.formparsers import FormParser, MultiPartException, MultiPartParser
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from python_multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+
+    from starlette.applications import Starlette
+    from starlette.middleware.sessions import Session
+    from starlette.routing import Router
+else:
+    try:
+        try:
+            from python_multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+            from multipart.multipart import parse_options_header
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        parse_options_header = None
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+
+SERVER_PUSH_HEADERS_TO_COPY = {
+    "accept",
+    "accept-encoding",
+    "accept-language",
+    "cache-control",
+    "user-agent",
+}
+
+
+def cookie_parser(cookie_string: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """
+    This function parses a ``Cookie`` HTTP header into a dict of key/value pairs.
+
+    It attempts to mimic browser cookie parsing behavior: browsers and web servers
+    frequently disregard the spec (RFC 6265) when setting and reading cookies,
+    so we attempt to suit the common scenarios here.
+
+    This function has been adapted from Django 3.1.0.
+    Note: we are explicitly _NOT_ using `SimpleCookie.load` because it is based
+    on an outdated spec and will fail on lots of input we want to support
+    """
+    cookie_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for chunk in cookie_string.split(";"):
+        if "=" in chunk:
+            key, val = chunk.split("=", 1)
+        else:
+            # Assume an empty name per
+            # https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=169091
+            key, val = "", chunk
+        key, val = key.strip(), val.strip()
+        if key or val:
+            # unquote using Python's algorithm.
+            cookie_dict[key] = http_cookies._unquote(val)
+    return cookie_dict
+
+
+class ClientDisconnect(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+StateT = TypeVar("StateT", bound=Mapping[str, Any] | State, default=State)
+
+
+class HTTPConnection(Mapping[str, Any], Generic[StateT]):
+    """
+    A base class for incoming HTTP connections, that is used to provide
+    any functionality that is common to both `Request` and `WebSocket`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive | None = None) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket")
+        self.scope = scope
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        return self.scope[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self.scope)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.scope)
+
+    # Don't use the `abc.Mapping.__eq__` implementation.
+    # Connection instances should never be considered equal
+    # unless `self is other`.
+    __eq__ = object.__eq__
+    __hash__ = object.__hash__
+
+    @property
+    def app(self) -> Any:
+        return self.scope["app"]
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> URL:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_url"):  # pragma: no branch
+            self._url = URL(scope=self.scope)
+        return self._url
+
+    @property
+    def base_url(self) -> URL:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_base_url"):
+            base_url_scope = dict(self.scope)
+            # This is used by request.url_for, it might be used inside a Mount which
+            # would have its own child scope with its own root_path, but the base URL
+            # for url_for should still be the top level app root path.
+            app_root_path = base_url_scope.get("app_root_path", base_url_scope.get("root_path", ""))
+            path = app_root_path
+            if not path.endswith("/"):
+                path += "/"
+            base_url_scope["path"] = path
+            base_url_scope["query_string"] = b""
+            base_url_scope["root_path"] = app_root_path
+            self._base_url = URL(scope=base_url_scope)
+        return self._base_url
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> Headers:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            self._headers = Headers(scope=self.scope)
+        return self._headers
+
+    @property
+    def query_params(self) -> QueryParams:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_query_params"):  # pragma: no branch
+            self._query_params = QueryParams(self.scope["query_string"])
+        return self._query_params
+
+    @property
+    def path_params(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any] = self.scope.get("path_params", {})
+        return path_params
+
+    @property
+    def cookies(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_cookies"):
+            cookies: dict[str, str] = {}
+            cookie_headers = self.headers.getlist("cookie")
+
+            for header in cookie_headers:
+                cookies.update(cookie_parser(header))
+
+            self._cookies = cookies
+        return self._cookies
+
+    @property
+    def client(self) -> Address | None:
+        # client is a 2 item tuple of (host, port), None if missing
+        host_port = self.scope.get("client")
+        if host_port is not None:
+            return Address(*host_port)
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def session(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        assert "session" in self.scope, "SessionMiddleware must be installed to access request.session"
+        session: Session = self.scope["session"]
+        # We keep the hasattr in case people actually use their own `SessionMiddleware` implementation.
+        if hasattr(session, "mark_accessed"):  # pragma: no branch
+            session.mark_accessed()
+        return session
+
+    @property
+    def auth(self) -> Any:
+        assert "auth" in self.scope, "AuthenticationMiddleware must be installed to access request.auth"
+        return self.scope["auth"]
+
+    @property
+    def user(self) -> Any:
+        assert "user" in self.scope, "AuthenticationMiddleware must be installed to access request.user"
+        return self.scope["user"]
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> StateT:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_state"):
+            # Ensure 'state' has an empty dict if it's not already populated.
+            self.scope.setdefault("state", {})
+            # Create a state instance with a reference to the dict in which it should
+            # store info
+            self._state = State(self.scope["state"])
+        return cast(StateT, self._state)
+
+    def url_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URL:
+        url_path_provider: Router | Starlette | None = self.scope.get("router") or self.scope.get("app")
+        if url_path_provider is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("The `url_for` method can only be used inside a Starlette application or with a router.")
+        url_path = url_path_provider.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+        return url_path.make_absolute_url(base_url=self.base_url)
+
+
+async def empty_receive() -> NoReturn:
+    raise RuntimeError("Receive channel has not been made available")
+
+
+async def empty_send(message: Message) -> NoReturn:
+    raise RuntimeError("Send channel has not been made available")
+
+
+class Request(HTTPConnection[StateT]):
+    _form: FormData | None
+
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive = empty_receive, send: Send = empty_send):
+        super().__init__(scope)
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        self._receive = receive
+        self._send = send
+        self._stream_consumed = False
+        self._is_disconnected = False
+        self._form = None
+
+    @property
+    def method(self) -> str:
+        return cast(str, self.scope["method"])
+
+    @property
+    def receive(self) -> Receive:
+        return self._receive
+
+    async def stream(self) -> AsyncGenerator[bytes, None]:
+        if hasattr(self, "_body"):
+            yield self._body
+            yield b""
+            return
+        if self._stream_consumed:
+            raise RuntimeError("Stream consumed")
+        while not self._stream_consumed:
+            message = await self._receive()
+            if message["type"] == "http.request":
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    self._stream_consumed = True
+                if body:
+                    yield body
+            elif message["type"] == "http.disconnect":  # pragma: no branch
+                self._is_disconnected = True
+                raise ClientDisconnect()
+        yield b""
+
+    async def body(self) -> bytes:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
+            chunks: list[bytes] = []
+            async for chunk in self.stream():
+                chunks.append(chunk)
+            self._body = b"".join(chunks)
+        return self._body
+
+    async def json(self) -> Any:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_json"):  # pragma: no branch
+            body = await self.body()
+            self._json = json.loads(body)
+        return self._json
+
+    async def _get_form(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_files: int | float = 1000,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,
+    ) -> FormData:
+        if self._form is None:  # pragma: no branch
+            assert parse_options_header is not None, (
+                "The `python-multipart` library must be installed to use form parsing."
+            )
+            content_type_header = self.headers.get("Content-Type")
+            content_type: bytes
+            content_type, _ = parse_options_header(content_type_header)
+            if content_type == b"multipart/form-data":
+                try:
+                    multipart_parser = MultiPartParser(
+                        self.headers,
+                        self.stream(),
+                        max_files=max_files,
+                        max_fields=max_fields,
+                        max_part_size=max_part_size,
+                    )
+                    self._form = await multipart_parser.parse()
+                except MultiPartException as exc:
+                    if "app" in self.scope:
+                        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=exc.message)
+                    raise exc
+            elif content_type == b"application/x-www-form-urlencoded":
+                try:
+                    form_parser = FormParser(
+                        self.headers,
+                        self.stream(),
+                        max_fields=max_fields,
+                        max_part_size=max_part_size,
+                    )
+                    self._form = await form_parser.parse()
+                except MultiPartException as exc:
+                    if "app" in self.scope:
+                        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=exc.message)
+                    raise exc
+            else:
+                self._form = FormData()
+        return self._form
+
+    def form(
+        self,
+        *,
+        max_files: int | float = 1000,
+        max_fields: int | float = 1000,
+        max_part_size: int = 1024 * 1024,
+    ) -> AwaitableOrContextManager[FormData]:
+        return AwaitableOrContextManagerWrapper(
+            self._get_form(max_files=max_files, max_fields=max_fields, max_part_size=max_part_size)
+        )
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        if self._form is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            await self._form.close()
+
+    async def is_disconnected(self) -> bool:
+        if not self._is_disconnected:
+            message: Message = {}
+
+            # If message isn't immediately available, move on
+            with anyio.CancelScope() as cs:
+                cs.cancel()
+                message = await self._receive()
+
+            if message.get("type") == "http.disconnect":
+                self._is_disconnected = True
+
+        return self._is_disconnected
+
+    async def send_push_promise(self, path: str) -> None:
+        if "http.response.push" in self.scope.get("extensions", {}):
+            raw_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+            for name in SERVER_PUSH_HEADERS_TO_COPY:
+                for value in self.headers.getlist(name):
+                    raw_headers.append((name.encode("latin-1"), value.encode("latin-1")))
+            await self._send({"type": "http.response.push", "path": path, "headers": raw_headers})
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/responses.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/responses.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b49ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/responses.py
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import http.cookies
+import json
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence
+from datetime import datetime
+from email.utils import format_datetime, formatdate
+from functools import partial
+from mimetypes import guess_type
+from secrets import token_hex
+from typing import Any, Literal
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.to_thread
+
+from starlette._utils import create_collapsing_task_group
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTask
+from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers, MutableHeaders
+from starlette.requests import ClientDisconnect
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class Response:
+    media_type = None
+    charset = "utf-8"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: Any = None,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        if media_type is not None:
+            self.media_type = media_type
+        self.background = background
+        self.body = self.render(content)
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes | memoryview:
+        if content is None:
+            return b""
+        if isinstance(content, bytes | memoryview):
+            return content
+        return content.encode(self.charset)  # type: ignore
+
+    def init_headers(self, headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
+        if headers is None:
+            raw_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+            populate_content_length = True
+            populate_content_type = True
+        else:
+            raw_headers = [(k.lower().encode("latin-1"), v.encode("latin-1")) for k, v in headers.items()]
+            keys = [h[0] for h in raw_headers]
+            populate_content_length = b"content-length" not in keys
+            populate_content_type = b"content-type" not in keys
+
+        body = getattr(self, "body", None)
+        if (
+            body is not None
+            and populate_content_length
+            and not (self.status_code < 200 or self.status_code in (204, 304))
+        ):
+            content_length = str(len(body))
+            raw_headers.append((b"content-length", content_length.encode("latin-1")))
+
+        content_type = self.media_type
+        if content_type is not None and populate_content_type:
+            if content_type.startswith("text/") and "charset=" not in content_type.lower():
+                content_type += "; charset=" + self.charset
+            raw_headers.append((b"content-type", content_type.encode("latin-1")))
+
+        self.raw_headers = raw_headers
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> MutableHeaders:
+        if not hasattr(self, "_headers"):
+            self._headers = MutableHeaders(raw=self.raw_headers)
+        return self._headers
+
+    def set_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: str = "",
+        max_age: int | None = None,
+        expires: datetime | str | int | None = None,
+        path: str | None = "/",
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        secure: bool = False,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Literal["lax", "strict", "none"] | None = "lax",
+        partitioned: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        cookie: http.cookies.BaseCookie[str] = http.cookies.SimpleCookie()
+        cookie[key] = value
+        if max_age is not None:
+            cookie[key]["max-age"] = max_age
+        if expires is not None:
+            if isinstance(expires, datetime):
+                cookie[key]["expires"] = format_datetime(expires, usegmt=True)
+            else:
+                cookie[key]["expires"] = expires
+        if path is not None:
+            cookie[key]["path"] = path
+        if domain is not None:
+            cookie[key]["domain"] = domain
+        if secure:
+            cookie[key]["secure"] = True
+        if httponly:
+            cookie[key]["httponly"] = True
+        if samesite is not None:
+            assert samesite.lower() in [
+                "strict",
+                "lax",
+                "none",
+            ], "samesite must be either 'strict', 'lax' or 'none'"
+            cookie[key]["samesite"] = samesite
+        if partitioned:
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 14):
+                raise ValueError("Partitioned cookies are only supported in Python 3.14 and above.")  # pragma: no cover
+            cookie[key]["partitioned"] = True  # pragma: no cover
+
+        cookie_val = cookie.output(header="").strip()
+        self.raw_headers.append((b"set-cookie", cookie_val.encode("latin-1")))
+
+    def delete_cookie(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        path: str = "/",
+        domain: str | None = None,
+        secure: bool = False,
+        httponly: bool = False,
+        samesite: Literal["lax", "strict", "none"] | None = "lax",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.set_cookie(
+            key,
+            max_age=0,
+            expires=0,
+            path=path,
+            domain=domain,
+            secure=secure,
+            httponly=httponly,
+            samesite=samesite,
+        )
+
+    def _wrap_websocket_denial_send(self, send: Send) -> Send:
+        async def wrapped(message: Message) -> None:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type in {"http.response.start", "http.response.body"}:  # pragma: no branch
+                message = {**message, "type": "websocket." + message_type}
+            await send(message)
+
+        return wrapped
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            send = self._wrap_websocket_denial_send(send)
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": self.status_code, "headers": self.raw_headers})
+        await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": self.body})
+
+        if self.background is not None:
+            await self.background()
+
+
+class HTMLResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "text/html"
+
+
+class PlainTextResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "text/plain"
+
+
+class JSONResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "application/json"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: Any,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content, status_code, headers, media_type, background)
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        return json.dumps(
+            content,
+            ensure_ascii=False,
+            allow_nan=False,
+            indent=None,
+            separators=(",", ":"),
+        ).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+class RedirectResponse(Response):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url: str | URL,
+        status_code: int = 307,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(content=b"", status_code=status_code, headers=headers, background=background)
+        self.headers["location"] = quote(str(url), safe=":/%#?=@[]!$&'()*+,;")
+
+
+Content = str | bytes | memoryview
+SyncContentStream = Iterable[Content]
+AsyncContentStream = AsyncIterable[Content]
+ContentStream = AsyncContentStream | SyncContentStream
+
+
+class StreamingResponse(Response):
+    body_iterator: AsyncContentStream
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        content: ContentStream,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(content, AsyncIterable):
+            self.body_iterator = content
+        else:
+            self.body_iterator = iterate_in_threadpool(content)
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.media_type = self.media_type if media_type is None else media_type
+        self.background = background
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+
+    async def listen_for_disconnect(self, receive: Receive) -> None:
+        while True:
+            message = await receive()
+            if message["type"] == "http.disconnect":
+                break
+
+    async def stream_response(self, send: Send) -> None:
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": self.status_code, "headers": self.raw_headers})
+        async for chunk in self.body_iterator:
+            if not isinstance(chunk, bytes | memoryview):
+                chunk = chunk.encode(self.charset)
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True})
+
+        await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            send = self._wrap_websocket_denial_send(send)
+            await self.stream_response(send)
+            if self.background is not None:
+                await self.background()
+            return
+
+        spec_version = tuple(map(int, scope.get("asgi", {}).get("spec_version", "2.0").split(".")))
+
+        if spec_version >= (2, 4):
+            try:
+                await self.stream_response(send)
+            except OSError:
+                raise ClientDisconnect()
+        else:
+            async with create_collapsing_task_group() as task_group:
+
+                async def wrap(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]) -> None:
+                    await func()
+                    task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+                task_group.start_soon(wrap, partial(self.stream_response, send))
+                await wrap(partial(self.listen_for_disconnect, receive))
+
+        if self.background is not None:
+            await self.background()
+
+
+class MalformedRangeHeader(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, content: str = "Malformed range header.") -> None:
+        self.content = content
+
+
+class RangeNotSatisfiable(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, max_size: int) -> None:
+        self.max_size = max_size
+
+
+class FileResponse(Response):
+    chunk_size = 64 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str | os.PathLike[str],
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+        filename: str | None = None,
+        stat_result: os.stat_result | None = None,
+        content_disposition_type: str = "attachment",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.filename = filename
+        if media_type is None:
+            media_type = guess_type(filename or path)[0] or "application/octet-stream"
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        self.background = background
+        self.init_headers(headers)
+        self.headers.setdefault("accept-ranges", "bytes")
+        if self.filename is not None:
+            content_disposition_filename = quote(self.filename)
+            if content_disposition_filename != self.filename:
+                content_disposition = f"{content_disposition_type}; filename*=utf-8''{content_disposition_filename}"
+            else:
+                content_disposition = f'{content_disposition_type}; filename="{self.filename}"'
+            self.headers.setdefault("content-disposition", content_disposition)
+        self.stat_result = stat_result
+        if stat_result is not None:
+            self.set_stat_headers(stat_result)
+
+    def set_stat_headers(self, stat_result: os.stat_result) -> None:
+        content_length = str(stat_result.st_size)
+        last_modified = formatdate(stat_result.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+        etag_base = str(stat_result.st_mtime) + "-" + str(stat_result.st_size)
+        etag = f'"{hashlib.md5(etag_base.encode(), usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()}"'
+
+        self.headers.setdefault("content-length", content_length)
+        self.headers.setdefault("last-modified", last_modified)
+        self.headers.setdefault("etag", etag)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        scope_type = scope["type"]
+        send_header_only = scope_type == "http" and scope["method"].upper() == "HEAD"
+        send_pathsend = scope_type == "http" and "http.response.pathsend" in scope.get("extensions", {})
+        if scope_type == "websocket":
+            send = self._wrap_websocket_denial_send(send)
+
+        if self.stat_result is None:
+            try:
+                stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(os.stat, self.path)
+                self.set_stat_headers(stat_result)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"File at path {self.path} does not exist.")
+            else:
+                mode = stat_result.st_mode
+                if not stat.S_ISREG(mode):
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"File at path {self.path} is not a file.")
+        else:
+            stat_result = self.stat_result
+
+        headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+        http_range = headers.get("range")
+        http_if_range = headers.get("if-range")
+
+        if http_range is None or (http_if_range is not None and not self._should_use_range(http_if_range)):
+            await self._handle_simple(send, send_header_only, send_pathsend)
+        else:
+            try:
+                ranges = self._parse_range_header(http_range, stat_result.st_size)
+            except MalformedRangeHeader as exc:
+                return await PlainTextResponse(exc.content, status_code=400)(scope, receive, send)
+            except RangeNotSatisfiable as exc:
+                response = PlainTextResponse(status_code=416, headers={"Content-Range": f"bytes */{exc.max_size}"})
+                return await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+            if len(ranges) == 1:
+                start, end = ranges[0]
+                await self._handle_single_range(send, start, end, stat_result.st_size, send_header_only)
+            else:
+                await self._handle_multiple_ranges(send, ranges, stat_result.st_size, send_header_only)
+
+        if self.background is not None:
+            await self.background()
+
+    async def _handle_simple(self, send: Send, send_header_only: bool, send_pathsend: bool) -> None:
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": self.status_code, "headers": self.raw_headers})
+        if send_header_only:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+        elif send_pathsend:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.pathsend", "path": str(self.path)})
+        else:
+            async with await anyio.open_file(self.path, mode="rb") as file:
+                more_body = True
+                while more_body:
+                    chunk = await file.read(self.chunk_size)
+                    more_body = len(chunk) == self.chunk_size
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": more_body})
+
+    async def _handle_single_range(
+        self, send: Send, start: int, end: int, file_size: int, send_header_only: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        headers = MutableHeaders(raw=list(self.raw_headers))
+        headers["content-range"] = f"bytes {start}-{end - 1}/{file_size}"
+        headers["content-length"] = str(end - start)
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": 206, "headers": headers.raw})
+        if send_header_only:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+        else:
+            async with await anyio.open_file(self.path, mode="rb") as file:
+                await file.seek(start)
+                more_body = True
+                while more_body:
+                    chunk = await file.read(min(self.chunk_size, end - start))
+                    start += len(chunk)
+                    more_body = len(chunk) == self.chunk_size and start < end
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": more_body})
+
+    async def _handle_multiple_ranges(
+        self,
+        send: Send,
+        ranges: list[tuple[int, int]],
+        file_size: int,
+        send_header_only: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        # In firefox and chrome, they use boundary with 95-96 bits entropy (that's roughly 13 bytes).
+        boundary = token_hex(13)
+        content_length, header_generator = self.generate_multipart(
+            ranges, boundary, file_size, self.headers["content-type"]
+        )
+        headers = MutableHeaders(raw=list(self.raw_headers))
+        headers["content-type"] = f"multipart/byteranges; boundary={boundary}"
+        headers["content-length"] = str(content_length)
+        await send({"type": "http.response.start", "status": 206, "headers": headers.raw})
+        if send_header_only:
+            await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
+        else:
+            async with await anyio.open_file(self.path, mode="rb") as file:
+                for start, end in ranges:
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": header_generator(start, end), "more_body": True})
+                    await file.seek(start)
+                    while start < end:
+                        chunk = await file.read(min(self.chunk_size, end - start))
+                        start += len(chunk)
+                        await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": chunk, "more_body": True})
+                    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"\r\n", "more_body": True})
+                await send(
+                    {
+                        "type": "http.response.body",
+                        "body": f"--{boundary}--".encode("latin-1"),
+                        "more_body": False,
+                    }
+                )
+
+    def _should_use_range(self, http_if_range: str) -> bool:
+        return http_if_range == self.headers["last-modified"] or http_if_range == self.headers["etag"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_range_header(cls, http_range: str, file_size: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+        try:
+            units, range_ = http_range.split("=", 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader()
+
+        units = units.strip().lower()
+
+        if units != "bytes":
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader("Only support bytes range")
+
+        ranges = cls._parse_ranges(range_, file_size)
+
+        if len(ranges) == 0:
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader("Range header: range must be requested")
+
+        if any(not (0 <= start < file_size) for start, _ in ranges):
+            raise RangeNotSatisfiable(file_size)
+
+        if any(start > end for start, end in ranges):
+            raise MalformedRangeHeader("Range header: start must be less than end")
+
+        if len(ranges) == 1:
+            return ranges
+
+        # Merge overlapping ranges
+        ranges.sort()
+        result: list[tuple[int, int]] = [ranges[0]]
+        for start, end in ranges[1:]:
+            last_start, last_end = result[-1]
+            if start <= last_end:
+                result[-1] = (last_start, max(last_end, end))
+            else:
+                result.append((start, end))
+
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_ranges(cls, range_: str, file_size: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+
+        for part in range_.split(","):
+            part = part.strip()
+
+            # If the range is empty or a single dash, we ignore it.
+            if not part or part == "-":
+                continue
+
+            # If the range is not in the format "start-end", we ignore it.
+            if "-" not in part:
+                continue
+
+            start_str, end_str = part.split("-", 1)
+            start_str = start_str.strip()
+            end_str = end_str.strip()
+
+            try:
+                start = int(start_str) if start_str else max(file_size - int(end_str), 0)
+                end = int(end_str) + 1 if start_str and end_str and int(end_str) < file_size else file_size
+                ranges.append((start, end))
+            except ValueError:
+                # If the range is not numeric, we ignore it.
+                continue
+
+        return ranges
+
+    def generate_multipart(
+        self,
+        ranges: Sequence[tuple[int, int]],
+        boundary: str,
+        max_size: int,
+        content_type: str,
+    ) -> tuple[int, Callable[[int, int], bytes]]:
+        r"""
+        Multipart response headers generator.
+
+        ```
+        --{boundary}\r\n
+        Content-Type: {content_type}\r\n
+        Content-Range: bytes {start}-{end-1}/{max_size}\r\n
+        \r\n
+        ..........content...........\r\n
+        --{boundary}\r\n
+        Content-Type: {content_type}\r\n
+        Content-Range: bytes {start}-{end-1}/{max_size}\r\n
+        \r\n
+        ..........content...........\r\n
+        --{boundary}--
+        ```
+        """
+        boundary_len = len(boundary)
+        static_header_part_len = 49 + boundary_len + len(content_type) + len(str(max_size))
+        content_length = sum(
+            (len(str(start)) + len(str(end - 1)) + static_header_part_len)  # Headers
+            + (end - start)  # Content
+            for start, end in ranges
+        ) + (
+            4 + boundary_len  # --boundary--
+        )
+        return (
+            content_length,
+            lambda start, end: (
+                f"""\
+--{boundary}\r
+Content-Type: {content_type}\r
+Content-Range: bytes {start}-{end - 1}/{max_size}\r
+\r
+"""
+            ).encode("latin-1"),
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/routing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/routing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a035d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/routing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import inspect
+import re
+import traceback
+import types
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Collection, Generator, Sequence
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager, AbstractContextManager, asynccontextmanager
+from enum import Enum
+from re import Pattern
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from starlette._exception_handler import wrap_app_handling_exceptions
+from starlette._utils import get_route_path, is_async_callable
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
+from starlette.convertors import CONVERTOR_TYPES, Convertor
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers, URLPath
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException, StarletteDeprecationWarning
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse, RedirectResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket, WebSocketClose
+
+
+class NoMatchFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised by `.url_for(name, **path_params)` and `.url_path_for(name, **path_params)`
+    if no matching route exists.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, path_params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        params = ", ".join(list(path_params.keys()))
+        super().__init__(f'No route exists for name "{name}" and params "{params}".')
+
+
+class Match(Enum):
+    NONE = 0
+    PARTIAL = 1
+    FULL = 2
+
+
+def request_response(
+    func: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a function or coroutine `func(request) -> response`,
+    and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    f: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]] = (
+        func if is_async_callable(func) else functools.partial(run_in_threadpool, func)  # type: ignore[assignment, call-arg]
+    )
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        request = Request(scope, receive, send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            response = await f(request)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, request)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def websocket_session(
+    func: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+) -> ASGIApp:
+    """
+    Takes a coroutine `func(session)`, and returns an ASGI application.
+    """
+    # assert asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func), "WebSocket endpoints must be async"
+
+    async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        session = WebSocket(scope, receive=receive, send=send)
+
+        async def app(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+            await func(session)
+
+        await wrap_app_handling_exceptions(app, session)(scope, receive, send)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def get_name(endpoint: Callable[..., Any]) -> str:
+    return getattr(endpoint, "__name__", endpoint.__class__.__name__)
+
+
+def replace_params(
+    path: str,
+    param_convertors: dict[str, Convertor[Any]],
+    path_params: dict[str, str],
+) -> tuple[str, dict[str, str]]:
+    for key, value in list(path_params.items()):
+        if "{" + key + "}" in path:
+            convertor = param_convertors[key]
+            value = convertor.to_string(value)
+            path = path.replace("{" + key + "}", value)
+            path_params.pop(key)
+    return path, path_params
+
+
+# Match parameters in URL paths, eg. '{param}', and '{param:int}'
+PARAM_REGEX = re.compile("{([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)(:[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)?}")
+
+
+def compile_path(
+    path: str,
+) -> tuple[Pattern[str], str, dict[str, Convertor[Any]]]:
+    """
+    Given a path string, like: "/{username:str}",
+    or a host string, like: "{subdomain}.mydomain.org", return a three-tuple
+    of (regex, format, {param_name:convertor}).
+
+    regex:      "/(?P<username>[^/]+)"
+    format:     "/{username}"
+    convertors: {"username": StringConvertor()}
+    """
+    is_host = not path.startswith("/")
+
+    path_regex = "^"
+    path_format = ""
+    duplicated_params: set[str] = set()
+
+    idx = 0
+    param_convertors = {}
+    for match in PARAM_REGEX.finditer(path):
+        param_name, convertor_type = match.groups("str")
+        convertor_type = convertor_type.lstrip(":")
+        assert convertor_type in CONVERTOR_TYPES, f"Unknown path convertor '{convertor_type}'"
+        convertor = CONVERTOR_TYPES[convertor_type]
+
+        path_regex += re.escape(path[idx : match.start()])
+        path_regex += f"(?P<{param_name}>{convertor.regex})"
+
+        path_format += path[idx : match.start()]
+        path_format += "{%s}" % param_name
+
+        if param_name in param_convertors:
+            duplicated_params.add(param_name)
+
+        param_convertors[param_name] = convertor
+
+        idx = match.end()
+
+    if duplicated_params:
+        names = ", ".join(sorted(duplicated_params))
+        ending = "s" if len(duplicated_params) > 1 else ""
+        raise ValueError(f"Duplicated param name{ending} {names} at path {path}")
+
+    if is_host:
+        # Align with `Host.matches()` behavior, which ignores port.
+        hostname = path[idx:].split(":")[0]
+        path_regex += re.escape(hostname) + "$"
+    else:
+        path_regex += re.escape(path[idx:]) + "$"
+
+    path_format += path[idx:]
+
+    return re.compile(path_regex), path_format, param_convertors
+
+
+class BaseRoute:
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        A route may be used in isolation as a stand-alone ASGI app.
+        This is a somewhat contrived case, as they'll almost always be used
+        within a Router, but could be useful for some tooling and minimal apps.
+        """
+        match, child_scope = self.matches(scope)
+        if match == Match.NONE:
+            if scope["type"] == "http":
+                response = PlainTextResponse("Not Found", status_code=404)
+                await response(scope, receive, send)
+            elif scope["type"] == "websocket":  # pragma: no branch
+                websocket_close = WebSocketClose()
+                await websocket_close(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        scope.update(child_scope)
+        await self.handle(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class Route(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert path.startswith("/"), "Routed paths must start with '/'"
+        self.path = path
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+        self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
+
+        endpoint_handler = endpoint
+        while isinstance(endpoint_handler, functools.partial):
+            endpoint_handler = endpoint_handler.func
+        if inspect.isfunction(endpoint_handler) or inspect.ismethod(endpoint_handler):
+            # Endpoint is function or method. Treat it as `func(request) -> response`.
+            self.app = request_response(endpoint)
+            if methods is None:
+                methods = ["GET"]
+        else:
+            # Endpoint is a class. Treat it as ASGI.
+            self.app = endpoint
+
+        if middleware is not None:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.app = cls(self.app, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        if methods is None:
+            self.methods = None
+        else:
+            self.methods = {method.upper() for method in methods}
+            if "GET" in self.methods:
+                self.methods.add("HEAD")
+
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any]
+        if scope["type"] == "http":
+            route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+            match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
+                if self.methods and scope["method"] not in self.methods:
+                    return Match.PARTIAL, child_scope
+                else:
+                    return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
+        expected_params = set(self.param_convertors.keys())
+
+        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
+            raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+        path, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+        assert not remaining_params
+        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="http")
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if self.methods and scope["method"] not in self.methods:
+            headers = {"Allow": ", ".join(self.methods)}
+            if "app" in scope:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=405, headers=headers)
+            else:
+                response = PlainTextResponse("Method Not Allowed", status_code=405, headers=headers)
+            await response(scope, receive, send)
+        else:
+            await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, Route)
+            and self.path == other.path
+            and self.endpoint == other.endpoint
+            and self.methods == other.methods
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        methods = sorted(self.methods or [])
+        path, name = self.path, self.name
+        return f"{class_name}(path={path!r}, name={name!r}, methods={methods!r})"
+
+
+class WebSocketRoute(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert path.startswith("/"), "Routed paths must start with '/'"
+        self.path = path
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
+
+        endpoint_handler = endpoint
+        while isinstance(endpoint_handler, functools.partial):
+            endpoint_handler = endpoint_handler.func
+        if inspect.isfunction(endpoint_handler) or inspect.ismethod(endpoint_handler):
+            # Endpoint is function or method. Treat it as `func(websocket)`.
+            self.app = websocket_session(endpoint)
+        else:
+            # Endpoint is a class. Treat it as ASGI.
+            self.app = endpoint
+
+        if middleware is not None:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.app = cls(self.app, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any]
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+            match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {"endpoint": self.endpoint, "path_params": path_params}
+                return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        seen_params = set(path_params.keys())
+        expected_params = set(self.param_convertors.keys())
+
+        if name != self.name or seen_params != expected_params:
+            raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+        path, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+        assert not remaining_params
+        return URLPath(path=path, protocol="websocket")
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, WebSocketRoute) and self.path == other.path and self.endpoint == other.endpoint
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(path={self.path!r}, name={self.name!r})"
+
+
+class Mount(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        app: ASGIApp | None = None,
+        routes: Sequence[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert path == "" or path.startswith("/"), "Routed paths must start with '/'"
+        assert app is not None or routes is not None, "Either 'app=...', or 'routes=' must be specified"
+        self.path = path.rstrip("/")
+        if app is not None:
+            self._base_app: ASGIApp = app
+        else:
+            self._base_app = Router(routes=routes)
+        self.app = self._base_app
+        if middleware is not None:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.app = cls(self.app, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.name = name
+        self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(self.path + "/{path:path}")
+
+    @property
+    def routes(self) -> list[BaseRoute]:
+        return getattr(self._base_app, "routes", [])
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        path_params: dict[str, Any]
+        if scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket"):  # pragma: no branch
+            root_path = scope.get("root_path", "")
+            route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+            match = self.path_regex.match(route_path)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                remaining_path = "/" + matched_params.pop("path")
+                matched_path = route_path[: -len(remaining_path)]
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {
+                    "path_params": path_params,
+                    # app_root_path will only be set at the top level scope,
+                    # initialized with the (optional) value of a root_path
+                    # set above/before Starlette. And even though any
+                    # mount will have its own child scope with its own respective
+                    # root_path, the app_root_path will always be available in all
+                    # the child scopes with the same top level value because it's
+                    # set only once here with a default, any other child scope will
+                    # just inherit that app_root_path default value stored in the
+                    # scope. All this is needed to support Request.url_for(), as it
+                    # uses the app_root_path to build the URL path.
+                    "app_root_path": scope.get("app_root_path", root_path),
+                    "root_path": root_path + matched_path,
+                    "endpoint": self.app,
+                }
+                return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        if self.name is not None and name == self.name and "path" in path_params:
+            # 'name' matches "<mount_name>".
+            path_params["path"] = path_params["path"].lstrip("/")
+            path, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            if not remaining_params:
+                return URLPath(path=path)
+        elif self.name is None or name.startswith(self.name + ":"):
+            if self.name is None:
+                # No mount name.
+                remaining_name = name
+            else:
+                # 'name' matches "<mount_name>:<child_name>".
+                remaining_name = name[len(self.name) + 1 :]
+            path_kwarg = path_params.get("path")
+            path_params["path"] = ""
+            path_prefix, remaining_params = replace_params(self.path_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            if path_kwarg is not None:
+                remaining_params["path"] = path_kwarg
+            for route in self.routes or []:
+                try:
+                    url = route.url_path_for(remaining_name, **remaining_params)
+                    return URLPath(path=path_prefix.rstrip("/") + str(url), protocol=url.protocol)
+                except NoMatchFound:
+                    pass
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Mount) and self.path == other.path and self.app == other.app
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        name = self.name or ""
+        return f"{class_name}(path={self.path!r}, name={name!r}, app={self.app!r})"
+
+
+class Host(BaseRoute):
+    def __init__(self, host: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        assert not host.startswith("/"), "Host must not start with '/'"
+        self.host = host
+        self.app = app
+        self.name = name
+        self.host_regex, self.host_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(host)
+
+    @property
+    def routes(self) -> list[BaseRoute]:
+        return getattr(self.app, "routes", [])
+
+    def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
+        if scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket"):  # pragma:no branch
+            headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+            host = headers.get("host", "").split(":")[0]
+            match = self.host_regex.match(host)
+            if match:
+                matched_params = match.groupdict()
+                for key, value in matched_params.items():
+                    matched_params[key] = self.param_convertors[key].convert(value)
+                path_params = dict(scope.get("path_params", {}))
+                path_params.update(matched_params)
+                child_scope = {"path_params": path_params, "endpoint": self.app}
+                return Match.FULL, child_scope
+        return Match.NONE, {}
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        if self.name is not None and name == self.name and "path" in path_params:
+            # 'name' matches "<mount_name>".
+            path = path_params.pop("path")
+            host, remaining_params = replace_params(self.host_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            if not remaining_params:
+                return URLPath(path=path, host=host)
+        elif self.name is None or name.startswith(self.name + ":"):
+            if self.name is None:
+                # No mount name.
+                remaining_name = name
+            else:
+                # 'name' matches "<mount_name>:<child_name>".
+                remaining_name = name[len(self.name) + 1 :]
+            host, remaining_params = replace_params(self.host_format, self.param_convertors, path_params)
+            for route in self.routes or []:
+                try:
+                    url = route.url_path_for(remaining_name, **remaining_params)
+                    return URLPath(path=str(url), protocol=url.protocol, host=host)
+                except NoMatchFound:
+                    pass
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+    async def handle(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Host) and self.host == other.host and self.app == other.app
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+        name = self.name or ""
+        return f"{class_name}(host={self.host!r}, name={name!r}, app={self.app!r})"
+
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class _AsyncLiftContextManager(AbstractAsyncContextManager[_T]):
+    def __init__(self, cm: AbstractContextManager[_T]):
+        self._cm = cm
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> _T:
+        return self._cm.__enter__()
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: types.TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> bool | None:
+        return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+
+
+def _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(
+    lifespan_context: Callable[[Any], Generator[Any, Any, Any]],
+) -> Callable[[Any], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Any]]:
+    cmgr = contextlib.contextmanager(lifespan_context)
+
+    @functools.wraps(cmgr)
+    def wrapper(app: Any) -> _AsyncLiftContextManager[Any]:
+        return _AsyncLiftContextManager(cmgr(app))
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class _DefaultLifespan:
+    def __init__(self, router: Router):
+        self._router = router
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: object) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __call__(self: _T, app: object) -> _T:
+        return self
+
+
+class Router:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        routes: Sequence[BaseRoute] | None = None,
+        redirect_slashes: bool = True,
+        default: ASGIApp | None = None,
+        # the generic to Lifespan[AppType] is the type of the top level application
+        # which the router cannot know statically, so we use Any
+        lifespan: Lifespan[Any] | None = None,
+        *,
+        middleware: Sequence[Middleware] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.routes = [] if routes is None else list(routes)
+        self.redirect_slashes = redirect_slashes
+        self.default = self.not_found if default is None else default
+
+        if lifespan is None:
+            self.lifespan_context: Lifespan[Any] = _DefaultLifespan(self)
+
+        elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(lifespan):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "async generator function lifespans are deprecated, "
+                "use an @contextlib.asynccontextmanager function instead",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            self.lifespan_context = asynccontextmanager(lifespan)
+        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(lifespan):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "generator function lifespans are deprecated, use an @contextlib.asynccontextmanager function instead",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            self.lifespan_context = _wrap_gen_lifespan_context(lifespan)
+        else:
+            self.lifespan_context = lifespan
+
+        self.middleware_stack = self.app
+        if middleware:
+            for cls, args, kwargs in reversed(middleware):
+                self.middleware_stack = cls(self.middleware_stack, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def not_found(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+            websocket_close = WebSocketClose()
+            await websocket_close(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        # If we're running inside a starlette application then raise an
+        # exception, so that the configurable exception handler can deal with
+        # returning the response. For plain ASGI apps, just return the response.
+        if "app" in scope:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+        else:
+            response = PlainTextResponse("Not Found", status_code=404)
+        await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def url_path_for(self, name: str, /, **path_params: Any) -> URLPath:
+        for route in self.routes:
+            try:
+                return route.url_path_for(name, **path_params)
+            except NoMatchFound:
+                pass
+        raise NoMatchFound(name, path_params)
+
+    async def lifespan(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle ASGI lifespan messages, which allows us to manage application
+        startup and shutdown events.
+        """
+        started = False
+        app: Any = scope.get("app")
+        await receive()
+        try:
+            async with self.lifespan_context(app) as maybe_state:
+                if maybe_state is not None:
+                    if "state" not in scope:
+                        raise RuntimeError('The server does not support "state" in the lifespan scope.')
+                    scope["state"].update(maybe_state)
+                await send({"type": "lifespan.startup.complete"})
+                started = True
+                await receive()
+        except BaseException:
+            exc_text = traceback.format_exc()
+            if started:
+                await send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.failed", "message": exc_text})
+            else:
+                await send({"type": "lifespan.startup.failed", "message": exc_text})
+            raise
+        else:
+            await send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown.complete"})
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        The main entry point to the Router class.
+        """
+        await self.middleware_stack(scope, receive, send)
+
+    async def app(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] in ("http", "websocket", "lifespan")
+
+        if "router" not in scope:
+            scope["router"] = self
+
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            await self.lifespan(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        partial = None
+
+        for route in self.routes:
+            # Determine if any route matches the incoming scope,
+            # and hand over to the matching route if found.
+            match, child_scope = route.matches(scope)
+            if match == Match.FULL:
+                scope.update(child_scope)
+                await route.handle(scope, receive, send)
+                return
+            elif match == Match.PARTIAL and partial is None:
+                partial = route
+                partial_scope = child_scope
+
+        if partial is not None:
+            #  Handle partial matches. These are cases where an endpoint is
+            # able to handle the request, but is not a preferred option.
+            # We use this in particular to deal with "405 Method Not Allowed".
+            scope.update(partial_scope)
+            await partial.handle(scope, receive, send)
+            return
+
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        if scope["type"] == "http" and self.redirect_slashes and route_path != "/":
+            redirect_scope = dict(scope)
+            if route_path.endswith("/"):
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"].rstrip("/")
+            else:
+                redirect_scope["path"] = redirect_scope["path"] + "/"
+
+            for route in self.routes:
+                match, child_scope = route.matches(redirect_scope)
+                if match != Match.NONE:
+                    redirect_url = URL(scope=redirect_scope)
+                    response = RedirectResponse(url=str(redirect_url))
+                    await response(scope, receive, send)
+                    return
+
+        await self.default(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Router) and self.routes == other.routes
+
+    def mount(self, path: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = Mount(path, app=app, name=name)
+        self.routes.append(route)
+
+    def host(self, host: str, app: ASGIApp, name: str | None = None) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = Host(host, app=app, name=name)
+        self.routes.append(route)
+
+    def add_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response] | Response],
+        methods: Collection[str] | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = Route(
+            path,
+            endpoint=endpoint,
+            methods=methods,
+            name=name,
+            include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+        )
+        self.routes.append(route)
+
+    def add_websocket_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        endpoint: Callable[[WebSocket], Awaitable[None]],
+        name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        route = WebSocketRoute(path, endpoint=endpoint, name=name)
+        self.routes.append(route)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/schemas.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/schemas.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf7d439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/schemas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import re
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, NamedTuple
+
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.routing import BaseRoute, Host, Mount, Route
+
+try:
+    import yaml
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+    yaml = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+
+class OpenAPIResponse(Response):
+    media_type = "application/vnd.oai.openapi"
+
+    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
+        assert yaml is not None, "`pyyaml` must be installed to use OpenAPIResponse."
+        assert isinstance(content, dict), "The schema passed to OpenAPIResponse should be a dictionary."
+        return yaml.dump(content, default_flow_style=False).encode("utf-8")
+
+
+class EndpointInfo(NamedTuple):
+    path: str
+    http_method: str
+    func: Callable[..., Any]
+
+
+_remove_converter_pattern = re.compile(r":\w+}")
+
+
+class BaseSchemaGenerator:
+    def get_schema(self, routes: list[BaseRoute]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def get_endpoints(self, routes: list[BaseRoute]) -> list[EndpointInfo]:
+        """
+        Given the routes, yields the following information:
+
+        - path
+            eg: /users/
+        - http_method
+            one of 'get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'options'
+        - func
+            method ready to extract the docstring
+        """
+        endpoints_info: list[EndpointInfo] = []
+
+        for route in routes:
+            if isinstance(route, Mount | Host):
+                routes = route.routes or []
+                if isinstance(route, Mount):
+                    path = self._remove_converter(route.path)
+                else:
+                    path = ""
+                sub_endpoints = [
+                    EndpointInfo(
+                        path="".join((path, sub_endpoint.path)),
+                        http_method=sub_endpoint.http_method,
+                        func=sub_endpoint.func,
+                    )
+                    for sub_endpoint in self.get_endpoints(routes)
+                ]
+                endpoints_info.extend(sub_endpoints)
+
+            elif not isinstance(route, Route) or not route.include_in_schema:
+                continue
+
+            elif inspect.isfunction(route.endpoint) or inspect.ismethod(route.endpoint):
+                path = self._remove_converter(route.path)
+                for method in route.methods or ["GET"]:
+                    if method == "HEAD":
+                        continue
+                    endpoints_info.append(EndpointInfo(path, method.lower(), route.endpoint))
+            else:
+                path = self._remove_converter(route.path)
+                for method in ["get", "post", "put", "patch", "delete", "options"]:
+                    if not hasattr(route.endpoint, method):
+                        continue
+                    func = getattr(route.endpoint, method)
+                    endpoints_info.append(EndpointInfo(path, method.lower(), func))
+
+        return endpoints_info
+
+    def _remove_converter(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Remove the converter from the path.
+        For example, a route like this:
+            Route("/users/{id:int}", endpoint=get_user, methods=["GET"])
+        Should be represented as `/users/{id}` in the OpenAPI schema.
+        """
+        return _remove_converter_pattern.sub("}", path)
+
+    def parse_docstring(self, func_or_method: Callable[..., Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Given a function, parse the docstring as YAML and return a dictionary of info.
+        """
+        docstring = func_or_method.__doc__
+        if not docstring:
+            return {}
+
+        assert yaml is not None, "`pyyaml` must be installed to use parse_docstring."
+
+        # We support having regular docstrings before the schema
+        # definition. Here we return just the schema part from
+        # the docstring.
+        docstring = docstring.split("---")[-1]
+
+        parsed = yaml.safe_load(docstring)
+
+        if not isinstance(parsed, dict):
+            # A regular docstring (not yaml formatted) can return
+            # a simple string here, which wouldn't follow the schema.
+            return {}
+
+        return parsed
+
+    def OpenAPIResponse(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        routes = request.app.routes
+        schema = self.get_schema(routes=routes)
+        return OpenAPIResponse(schema)
+
+
+class SchemaGenerator(BaseSchemaGenerator):
+    def __init__(self, base_schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        self.base_schema = base_schema
+
+    def get_schema(self, routes: list[BaseRoute]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        schema = dict(self.base_schema)
+        schema.setdefault("paths", {})
+        endpoints_info = self.get_endpoints(routes)
+
+        for endpoint in endpoints_info:
+            parsed = self.parse_docstring(endpoint.func)
+
+            if not parsed:
+                continue
+
+            if endpoint.path not in schema["paths"]:
+                schema["paths"][endpoint.path] = {}
+
+            schema["paths"][endpoint.path][endpoint.http_method] = parsed
+
+        return schema
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/staticfiles.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/staticfiles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac39acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/staticfiles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import errno
+import importlib.util
+import os
+import stat
+from email.utils import parsedate
+from typing import Union
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.to_thread
+
+from starlette._utils import get_route_path
+from starlette.datastructures import URL, Headers
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse, RedirectResponse, Response
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+PathLike = Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]
+
+
+class NotModifiedResponse(Response):
+    NOT_MODIFIED_HEADERS = (
+        "cache-control",
+        "content-location",
+        "date",
+        "etag",
+        "expires",
+        "vary",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, headers: Headers):
+        super().__init__(
+            status_code=304,
+            headers={name: value for name, value in headers.items() if name in self.NOT_MODIFIED_HEADERS},
+        )
+
+
+class StaticFiles:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        directory: PathLike | None = None,
+        packages: list[str | tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        html: bool = False,
+        check_dir: bool = True,
+        follow_symlink: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.directory = directory
+        self.packages = packages
+        self.all_directories = self.get_directories(directory, packages)
+        self.html = html
+        self.config_checked = False
+        self.follow_symlink = follow_symlink
+        if check_dir and directory is not None and not os.path.isdir(directory):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Directory '{directory}' does not exist")
+
+    def get_directories(
+        self,
+        directory: PathLike | None = None,
+        packages: list[str | tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    ) -> list[PathLike]:
+        """
+        Given `directory` and `packages` arguments, return a list of all the
+        directories that should be used for serving static files from.
+        """
+        directories = []
+        if directory is not None:
+            directories.append(directory)
+
+        for package in packages or []:
+            if isinstance(package, tuple):
+                package, statics_dir = package
+            else:
+                statics_dir = "statics"
+            spec = importlib.util.find_spec(package)
+            assert spec is not None, f"Package {package!r} could not be found."
+            assert spec.origin is not None, f"Package {package!r} could not be found."
+            package_directory = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(spec.origin, "..", statics_dir))
+            assert os.path.isdir(package_directory), (
+                f"Directory '{statics_dir!r}' in package {package!r} could not be found."
+            )
+            directories.append(package_directory)
+
+        return directories
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        """
+        The ASGI entry point.
+        """
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+
+        if not self.config_checked:
+            await self.check_config()
+            self.config_checked = True
+
+        path = self.get_path(scope)
+        response = await self.get_response(path, scope)
+        await response(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def get_path(self, scope: Scope) -> str:
+        """
+        Given the ASGI scope, return the `path` string to serve up,
+        with OS specific path separators, and any '..', '.' components removed.
+        """
+        route_path = get_route_path(scope)
+        return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*route_path.split("/")))
+
+    async def get_response(self, path: str, scope: Scope) -> Response:
+        """
+        Returns an HTTP response, given the incoming path, method and request headers.
+        """
+        if scope["method"] not in ("GET", "HEAD"):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=405)
+
+        try:
+            full_path, stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.lookup_path, path)
+        except PermissionError:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=401)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            # Filename is too long, so it can't be a valid static file.
+            if exc.errno == errno.ENAMETOOLONG:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+            raise exc
+        except ValueError:
+            # Null bytes or other invalid characters in the path.
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+        if stat_result and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+            # We have a static file to serve.
+            return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        elif stat_result and stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode) and self.html:
+            # We're in HTML mode, and have got a directory URL.
+            # Check if we have 'index.html' file to serve.
+            index_path = os.path.join(path, "index.html")
+            full_path, stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.lookup_path, index_path)
+            if stat_result is not None and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+                if not scope["path"].endswith("/"):
+                    # Directory URLs should redirect to always end in "/".
+                    url = URL(scope=scope)
+                    url = url.replace(path=url.path + "/")
+                    return RedirectResponse(url=url)
+                return self.file_response(full_path, stat_result, scope)
+
+        if self.html:
+            # Check for '404.html' if we're in HTML mode.
+            full_path, stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(self.lookup_path, "404.html")
+            if stat_result and stat.S_ISREG(stat_result.st_mode):
+                return FileResponse(full_path, stat_result=stat_result, status_code=404)
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404)
+
+    def lookup_path(self, path: str) -> tuple[str, os.stat_result | None]:
+        # Reject absolute paths so they cannot escape the served directory.
+        if path.startswith(("/", "\\")):
+            return "", None
+        for directory in self.all_directories:
+            joined_path = os.path.join(directory, path)
+            if self.follow_symlink:
+                full_path = os.path.abspath(joined_path)
+                directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
+            else:
+                full_path = os.path.realpath(joined_path)
+                directory = os.path.realpath(directory)
+            if os.path.commonpath([full_path, directory]) != str(directory):
+                # Don't allow misbehaving clients to break out of the static files directory.
+                continue
+            try:
+                return full_path, os.stat(full_path)
+            except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+                continue
+        return "", None
+
+    def file_response(
+        self,
+        full_path: PathLike,
+        stat_result: os.stat_result,
+        scope: Scope,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+    ) -> Response:
+        request_headers = Headers(scope=scope)
+
+        response = FileResponse(full_path, status_code=status_code, stat_result=stat_result)
+        if self.is_not_modified(response.headers, request_headers):
+            return NotModifiedResponse(response.headers)
+        return response
+
+    async def check_config(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform a one-off configuration check that StaticFiles is actually
+        pointed at a directory, so that we can raise loud errors rather than
+        just returning 404 responses.
+        """
+        if self.directory is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            stat_result = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(os.stat, self.directory)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"StaticFiles directory '{self.directory}' does not exist.")
+        if not (stat.S_ISDIR(stat_result.st_mode) or stat.S_ISLNK(stat_result.st_mode)):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"StaticFiles path '{self.directory}' is not a directory.")
+
+    def is_not_modified(self, response_headers: Headers, request_headers: Headers) -> bool:
+        """
+        Given the request and response headers, return `True` if an HTTP
+        "Not Modified" response could be returned instead.
+        """
+        if if_none_match := request_headers.get("if-none-match"):
+            # The "etag" header is added by FileResponse, so it's always present.
+            etag = response_headers["etag"]
+            return etag in [tag.strip().removeprefix("W/") for tag in if_none_match.split(",")]
+
+        try:
+            if_modified_since = parsedate(request_headers["if-modified-since"])
+            last_modified = parsedate(response_headers["last-modified"])
+            if if_modified_since is not None and last_modified is not None and if_modified_since >= last_modified:
+                return True
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        return False
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/status.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/status.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..202b6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/status.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+"""
+HTTP codes
+See HTTP Status Code Registry:
+https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml
+
+And RFC 9110 - https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+
+__all__ = [
+    "HTTP_100_CONTINUE",
+    "HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS",
+    "HTTP_102_PROCESSING",
+    "HTTP_103_EARLY_HINTS",
+    "HTTP_200_OK",
+    "HTTP_201_CREATED",
+    "HTTP_202_ACCEPTED",
+    "HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION",
+    "HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS",
+    "HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED",
+    "HTTP_226_IM_USED",
+    "HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES",
+    "HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY",
+    "HTTP_302_FOUND",
+    "HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER",
+    "HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED",
+    "HTTP_305_USE_PROXY",
+    "HTTP_306_RESERVED",
+    "HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT",
+    "HTTP_308_PERMANENT_REDIRECT",
+    "HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST",
+    "HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED",
+    "HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN",
+    "HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND",
+    "HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED",
+    "HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE",
+    "HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT",
+    "HTTP_409_CONFLICT",
+    "HTTP_410_GONE",
+    "HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED",
+    "HTTP_413_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE",
+    "HTTP_414_URI_TOO_LONG",
+    "HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE",
+    "HTTP_416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE",
+    "HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED",
+    "HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT",
+    "HTTP_421_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST",
+    "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT",
+    "HTTP_423_LOCKED",
+    "HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY",
+    "HTTP_425_TOO_EARLY",
+    "HTTP_426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED",
+    "HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS",
+    "HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE",
+    "HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS",
+    "HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
+    "HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED",
+    "HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY",
+    "HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE",
+    "HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT",
+    "HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED",
+    "HTTP_506_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES",
+    "HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE",
+    "HTTP_508_LOOP_DETECTED",
+    "HTTP_510_NOT_EXTENDED",
+    "HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED",
+    "WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE",
+    "WS_1001_GOING_AWAY",
+    "WS_1002_PROTOCOL_ERROR",
+    "WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA",
+    "WS_1005_NO_STATUS_RCVD",
+    "WS_1006_ABNORMAL_CLOSURE",
+    "WS_1007_INVALID_FRAME_PAYLOAD_DATA",
+    "WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION",
+    "WS_1009_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG",
+    "WS_1010_MANDATORY_EXT",
+    "WS_1011_INTERNAL_ERROR",
+    "WS_1012_SERVICE_RESTART",
+    "WS_1013_TRY_AGAIN_LATER",
+    "WS_1014_BAD_GATEWAY",
+    "WS_1015_TLS_HANDSHAKE",
+]
+
+HTTP_100_CONTINUE = 100
+HTTP_101_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
+HTTP_102_PROCESSING = 102
+HTTP_103_EARLY_HINTS = 103
+HTTP_200_OK = 200
+HTTP_201_CREATED = 201
+HTTP_202_ACCEPTED = 202
+HTTP_203_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
+HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT = 204
+HTTP_205_RESET_CONTENT = 205
+HTTP_206_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
+HTTP_207_MULTI_STATUS = 207
+HTTP_208_ALREADY_REPORTED = 208
+HTTP_226_IM_USED = 226
+HTTP_300_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
+HTTP_301_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
+HTTP_302_FOUND = 302
+HTTP_303_SEE_OTHER = 303
+HTTP_304_NOT_MODIFIED = 304
+HTTP_305_USE_PROXY = 305
+HTTP_306_RESERVED = 306
+HTTP_307_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
+HTTP_308_PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308
+HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST = 400
+HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED = 401
+HTTP_402_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
+HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN = 403
+HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND = 404
+HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
+HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
+HTTP_407_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
+HTTP_408_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
+HTTP_409_CONFLICT = 409
+HTTP_410_GONE = 410
+HTTP_411_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
+HTTP_412_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
+HTTP_413_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE = 413
+HTTP_414_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
+HTTP_415_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
+HTTP_416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
+HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
+HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT = 418
+HTTP_421_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421
+HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT = 422
+HTTP_423_LOCKED = 423
+HTTP_424_FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
+HTTP_425_TOO_EARLY = 425
+HTTP_426_UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
+HTTP_428_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428
+HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429
+HTTP_431_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431
+HTTP_451_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS = 451
+HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
+HTTP_501_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
+HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY = 502
+HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
+HTTP_504_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
+HTTP_505_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
+HTTP_506_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES = 506
+HTTP_507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
+HTTP_508_LOOP_DETECTED = 508
+HTTP_510_NOT_EXTENDED = 510
+HTTP_511_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511
+
+
+"""
+WebSocket codes
+https://www.iana.org/assignments/websocket/websocket.xml#close-code-number
+https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CloseEvent
+"""
+WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE = 1000
+WS_1001_GOING_AWAY = 1001
+WS_1002_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 1002
+WS_1003_UNSUPPORTED_DATA = 1003
+WS_1005_NO_STATUS_RCVD = 1005
+WS_1006_ABNORMAL_CLOSURE = 1006
+WS_1007_INVALID_FRAME_PAYLOAD_DATA = 1007
+WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION = 1008
+WS_1009_MESSAGE_TOO_BIG = 1009
+WS_1010_MANDATORY_EXT = 1010
+WS_1011_INTERNAL_ERROR = 1011
+WS_1012_SERVICE_RESTART = 1012
+WS_1013_TRY_AGAIN_LATER = 1013
+WS_1014_BAD_GATEWAY = 1014
+WS_1015_TLS_HANDSHAKE = 1015
+
+__deprecated__ = {
+    "HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE": 413,
+    "HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG": 414,
+    "HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE": 416,
+    "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY": 422,
+}
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> int:
+    deprecation_changes = {
+        "HTTP_413_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE": "HTTP_413_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE",
+        "HTTP_414_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG": "HTTP_414_URI_TOO_LONG",
+        "HTTP_416_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE": "HTTP_416_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE",
+        "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY": "HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT",
+    }
+
+    deprecated = __deprecated__.get(name)
+    if deprecated:
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"'{name}' is deprecated. Use '{deprecation_changes[name]}' instead.",
+            category=StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=3,
+        )
+        return deprecated
+
+    raise AttributeError(f"module 'starlette.status' has no attribute '{name}'")
+
+
+def __dir__() -> list[str]:
+    return sorted(list(__all__) + list(__deprecated__.keys()))  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/templating.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67872b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, overload
+
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTask
+from starlette.datastructures import URL
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
+
+try:
+    import jinja2
+
+    # @contextfunction was renamed to @pass_context in Jinja 3.0, and was removed in 3.1
+    # hence we try to get pass_context (most installs will be >=3.1)
+    # and fall back to contextfunction,
+    # adding a type ignore for mypy to let us access an attribute that may not exist
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        pass_context = jinja2.pass_context
+    else:
+        if hasattr(jinja2, "pass_context"):
+            pass_context = jinja2.pass_context
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            pass_context = jinja2.contextfunction  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+except ImportError as _import_error:  # pragma: no cover
+    raise ImportError("jinja2 must be installed to use Jinja2Templates") from _import_error
+
+
+class _TemplateResponse(HTMLResponse):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        template: Any,
+        context: dict[str, Any],
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.template = template
+        self.context = context
+        content = template.render(context)
+        super().__init__(content, status_code, headers, media_type, background)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        request = self.context.get("request", {})
+        extensions = request.get("extensions", {})
+        if "http.response.debug" in extensions:  # pragma: no branch
+            await send({"type": "http.response.debug", "info": {"template": self.template, "context": self.context}})
+        await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+class Jinja2Templates:
+    """Jinja2 template renderer.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates
+
+        templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
+
+        async def homepage(request: Request) -> Response:
+            return templates.TemplateResponse(request, "index.html")
+        ```
+    """
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str | PathLike[str] | Sequence[str | PathLike[str]],
+        *,
+        context_processors: list[Callable[[Request], dict[str, Any]]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        env: jinja2.Environment,
+        context_processors: list[Callable[[Request], dict[str, Any]]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        directory: str | PathLike[str] | Sequence[str | PathLike[str]] | None = None,
+        *,
+        context_processors: list[Callable[[Request], dict[str, Any]]] | None = None,
+        env: jinja2.Environment | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert bool(directory) ^ bool(env), "either 'directory' or 'env' arguments must be passed"
+        self.context_processors = context_processors or []
+        if directory is not None:
+            loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(directory)
+            self.env = jinja2.Environment(loader=loader, autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape())
+        elif env is not None:  # pragma: no branch
+            self.env = env
+
+        self._setup_env_defaults(self.env)
+
+    def _setup_env_defaults(self, env: jinja2.Environment) -> None:
+        @pass_context
+        def url_for(
+            context: dict[str, Any],
+            name: str,
+            /,
+            **path_params: Any,
+        ) -> URL:
+            request: Request = context["request"]
+            return request.url_for(name, **path_params)
+
+        env.globals.setdefault("url_for", url_for)
+
+    def get_template(self, name: str) -> jinja2.Template:
+        return self.env.get_template(name)
+
+    def TemplateResponse(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        name: str,
+        context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        status_code: int = 200,
+        headers: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+        media_type: str | None = None,
+        background: BackgroundTask | None = None,
+    ) -> _TemplateResponse:
+        """
+        Render a template and return an HTML response.
+
+        Args:
+            request: The incoming request instance.
+            name: The template file name to render.
+            context: Variables to pass to the template.
+            status_code: HTTP status code for the response.
+            headers: Additional headers to include in the response.
+            media_type: Media type for the response.
+            background: Background task to run after response is sent.
+
+        Returns:
+            An HTML response with the rendered template content.
+        """
+        context = context or {}
+
+        context.setdefault("request", request)
+        for context_processor in self.context_processors:
+            context.update(context_processor(request))
+
+        template = self.get_template(name)
+        return _TemplateResponse(
+            template,
+            context,
+            status_code=status_code,
+            headers=headers,
+            media_type=media_type,
+            background=background,
+        )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63d8790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/testclient.py
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import inspect
+import io
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Generator, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from concurrent.futures import Future
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, TypedDict, TypeGuard, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote, urljoin
+
+import anyio
+import anyio.abc
+import anyio.from_thread
+from anyio.streams.stapled import StapledObjectStream
+
+from starlette._utils import is_async_callable
+from starlette.exceptions import StarletteDeprecationWarning
+from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Self
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import httpx2 as httpx
+else:
+    try:
+        import httpx2 as httpx
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            import httpx
+        except ModuleNotFoundError:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "The starlette.testclient module requires the httpx2 package to be installed.\n"
+                "You can install this with:\n"
+                "    $ pip install httpx2\n"
+            ) from None
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Using `httpx` with `starlette.testclient` is deprecated; install `httpx2` instead.",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+_PortalFactoryType = Callable[[], AbstractContextManager[anyio.abc.BlockingPortal]]
+
+ASGIInstance = Callable[[Receive, Send], Awaitable[None]]
+ASGI2App = Callable[[Scope], ASGIInstance]
+ASGI3App = Callable[[Scope, Receive, Send], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+_RequestData = Mapping[str, str | Iterable[str] | bytes]
+
+
+def _is_asgi3(app: ASGI2App | ASGI3App) -> TypeGuard[ASGI3App]:
+    if inspect.isclass(app):
+        return hasattr(app, "__await__")
+    return is_async_callable(app)
+
+
+class _WrapASGI2:
+    """
+    Provide an ASGI3 interface onto an ASGI2 app.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGI2App) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        instance = self.app(scope)
+        await instance(receive, send)
+
+
+class _AsyncBackend(TypedDict):
+    backend: str
+    backend_options: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class _Upgrade(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, session: WebSocketTestSession) -> None:
+        self.session = session
+
+
+class WebSocketDenialResponse(  # type: ignore[misc]
+    httpx.Response,
+    WebSocketDisconnect,
+):
+    """
+    A special case of `WebSocketDisconnect`, raised in the `TestClient` if the
+    `WebSocket` is closed before being accepted with a `send_denial_response()`.
+    """
+
+
+class WebSocketTestSession:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGI3App,
+        scope: Scope,
+        portal_factory: _PortalFactoryType,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.accepted_subprotocol = None
+        self.portal_factory = portal_factory
+        self.extra_headers = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            self.portal = portal = stack.enter_context(self.portal_factory())
+            fut, cs = portal.start_task(self._run)
+            stack.callback(fut.result)
+            stack.callback(portal.call, cs.cancel)
+            self.send({"type": "websocket.connect"})
+            message = self.receive()
+            self._raise_on_close(message)
+            self.accepted_subprotocol = message.get("subprotocol", None)
+            self.extra_headers = message.get("headers", None)
+            stack.callback(self.close, 1000)
+            self.exit_stack = stack.pop_all()
+            return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> bool | None:
+        return self.exit_stack.__exit__(*args)
+
+    async def _run(self, *, task_status: anyio.abc.TaskStatus[anyio.CancelScope]) -> None:
+        """
+        The sub-thread in which the websocket session runs.
+        """
+        send: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[Message] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+        send_tx, send_rx = send
+        receive: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[Message] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+        receive_tx, receive_rx = receive
+        with send_tx, send_rx, receive_tx, receive_rx, anyio.CancelScope() as cs:
+            self._receive_tx = receive_tx
+            self._send_rx = send_rx
+            task_status.started(cs)
+            await self.app(self.scope, receive_rx.receive, send_tx.send)
+
+            # wait for cs.cancel to be called before closing streams
+            await anyio.sleep_forever()
+
+    def _raise_on_close(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        if message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+            raise WebSocketDisconnect(code=message.get("code", 1000), reason=message.get("reason", ""))
+        elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start":
+            status_code: int = message["status"]
+            headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = message["headers"]
+            body: list[bytes] = []
+            while True:
+                message = self.receive()
+                assert message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body"
+                body.append(message["body"])
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    break
+            raise WebSocketDenialResponse(status_code=status_code, headers=headers, content=b"".join(body))
+
+    def send(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        self.portal.call(self._receive_tx.send, message)
+
+    def send_text(self, data: str) -> None:
+        self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "text": data})
+
+    def send_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": data})
+
+    def send_json(self, data: Any, mode: Literal["text", "binary"] = "text") -> None:
+        text = json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False)
+        if mode == "text":
+            self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "text": text})
+        else:
+            self.send({"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": text.encode("utf-8")})
+
+    def close(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.send({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+
+    def receive(self) -> Message:
+        return self.portal.call(self._send_rx.receive)
+
+    def receive_text(self) -> str:
+        message = self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_close(message)
+        return cast(str, message["text"])
+
+    def receive_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        message = self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_close(message)
+        return cast(bytes, message["bytes"])
+
+    def receive_json(self, mode: Literal["text", "binary"] = "text") -> Any:
+        message = self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_close(message)
+        if mode == "text":
+            text = message["text"]
+        else:
+            text = message["bytes"].decode("utf-8")
+        return json.loads(text)
+
+
+class _TestClientTransport(httpx.BaseTransport):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGI3App,
+        portal_factory: _PortalFactoryType,
+        raise_server_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        *,
+        client: tuple[str, int],
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.raise_server_exceptions = raise_server_exceptions
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.portal_factory = portal_factory
+        self.app_state = app_state
+        self.client = client
+
+    def handle_request(self, request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
+        scheme = request.url.scheme
+        netloc = request.url.netloc.decode(encoding="ascii")
+        path = request.url.path
+        raw_path = request.url.raw_path
+        query = request.url.query.decode(encoding="ascii")
+
+        default_port = {"http": 80, "ws": 80, "https": 443, "wss": 443}[scheme]
+
+        if ":" in netloc:
+            host, port_string = netloc.split(":", 1)
+            port = int(port_string)
+        else:
+            host = netloc
+            port = default_port
+
+        # Include the 'host' header.
+        if "host" in request.headers:
+            headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+        elif port == default_port:  # pragma: no cover
+            headers = [(b"host", host.encode())]
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            headers = [(b"host", (f"{host}:{port}").encode())]
+
+        # Include other request headers.
+        headers += [(key.lower().encode(), value.encode()) for key, value in request.headers.multi_items()]
+
+        scope: dict[str, Any]
+
+        if scheme in {"ws", "wss"}:
+            subprotocol = request.headers.get("sec-websocket-protocol", None)
+            if subprotocol is None:
+                subprotocols: Sequence[str] = []
+            else:
+                subprotocols = [value.strip() for value in subprotocol.split(",")]
+            scope = {
+                "type": "websocket",
+                "path": unquote(path),
+                "raw_path": raw_path.split(b"?", 1)[0],
+                "root_path": self.root_path,
+                "scheme": scheme,
+                "query_string": query.encode(),
+                "headers": headers,
+                "client": self.client,
+                "server": [host, port],
+                "subprotocols": subprotocols,
+                "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+                "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+            }
+            session = WebSocketTestSession(self.app, scope, self.portal_factory)
+            raise _Upgrade(session)
+
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "method": request.method,
+            "path": unquote(path),
+            "raw_path": raw_path.split(b"?", 1)[0],
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "scheme": scheme,
+            "query_string": query.encode(),
+            "headers": headers,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "server": [host, port],
+            "extensions": {"http.response.debug": {}},
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+        }
+
+        request_complete = False
+        response_started = False
+        response_complete: anyio.Event
+        raw_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {"stream": io.BytesIO()}
+        template = None
+        context = None
+
+        async def receive() -> Message:
+            nonlocal request_complete
+
+            if request_complete:
+                if not response_complete.is_set():
+                    await response_complete.wait()
+                return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+            body = request.read()
+            if isinstance(body, str):
+                body_bytes: bytes = body.encode("utf-8")  # pragma: no cover
+            elif body is None:
+                body_bytes = b""  # pragma: no cover
+            elif isinstance(body, GeneratorType):
+                try:  # pragma: no cover
+                    chunk = body.send(None)
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                        chunk = chunk.encode("utf-8")
+                    return {"type": "http.request", "body": chunk, "more_body": True}
+                except StopIteration:  # pragma: no cover
+                    request_complete = True
+                    return {"type": "http.request", "body": b""}
+            else:
+                body_bytes = body
+
+            request_complete = True
+            return {"type": "http.request", "body": body_bytes}
+
+        async def send(message: Message) -> None:
+            nonlocal raw_kwargs, response_started, template, context
+
+            if message["type"] == "http.response.start":
+                assert not response_started, 'Received multiple "http.response.start" messages.'
+                raw_kwargs["status_code"] = message["status"]
+                raw_kwargs["headers"] = [(key.decode(), value.decode()) for key, value in message.get("headers", [])]
+                response_started = True
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.body":
+                assert response_started, 'Received "http.response.body" without "http.response.start".'
+                assert not response_complete.is_set(), 'Received "http.response.body" after response completed.'
+                body = message.get("body", b"")
+                more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+                if request.method != "HEAD":
+                    raw_kwargs["stream"].write(body)
+                if not more_body:
+                    raw_kwargs["stream"].seek(0)
+                    response_complete.set()
+            elif message["type"] == "http.response.debug":
+                template = message["info"]["template"]
+                context = message["info"]["context"]
+
+        try:
+            with self.portal_factory() as portal:
+                response_complete = portal.call(anyio.Event)
+                portal.call(self.app, scope, receive, send)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            if self.raise_server_exceptions:
+                raise exc
+
+        if self.raise_server_exceptions:
+            assert response_started, "TestClient did not receive any response."
+        elif not response_started:
+            raw_kwargs = {
+                "status_code": 500,
+                "headers": [],
+                "stream": io.BytesIO(),
+            }
+
+        raw_kwargs["stream"] = httpx.ByteStream(raw_kwargs["stream"].read())
+
+        response = httpx.Response(**raw_kwargs, request=request)
+        if template is not None:
+            response.template = template  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            response.context = context  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return response
+
+
+class TestClient(httpx.Client):
+    __test__ = False
+    task: Future[None]
+    portal: anyio.abc.BlockingPortal | None = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApp,
+        base_url: str = "http://testserver",
+        raise_server_exceptions: bool = True,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        backend: Literal["asyncio", "trio"] = "asyncio",
+        backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+        follow_redirects: bool = True,
+        client: tuple[str, int] = ("testclient", 50000),
+    ) -> None:
+        self.async_backend = _AsyncBackend(backend=backend, backend_options=backend_options or {})
+        if _is_asgi3(app):
+            asgi_app = app
+        else:
+            app = cast(ASGI2App, app)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            asgi_app = _WrapASGI2(app)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        self.app = asgi_app
+        self.app_state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        transport = _TestClientTransport(
+            self.app,
+            portal_factory=self._portal_factory,
+            raise_server_exceptions=raise_server_exceptions,
+            root_path=root_path,
+            app_state=self.app_state,
+            client=client,
+        )
+        if headers is None:
+            headers = {}
+        headers.setdefault("user-agent", "testclient")
+        super().__init__(
+            base_url=base_url,
+            headers=headers,
+            transport=transport,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            cookies=cookies,
+        )
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _portal_factory(self) -> Generator[anyio.abc.BlockingPortal, None, None]:
+        if self.portal is not None:
+            yield self.portal
+        else:
+            with anyio.from_thread.start_blocking_portal(**self.async_backend) as portal:
+                yield portal
+
+    def request(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        if timeout is not httpx.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "You should not use the 'timeout' argument with the TestClient. "
+                "See https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/issues/1108 for more information.",
+                StarletteDeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        url = self._merge_url(url)
+        return super().request(
+            method,
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def get(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().get(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def options(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().options(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def head(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().head(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def post(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().post(
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def put(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().put(
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def patch(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        content: httpx._types.RequestContent | None = None,
+        data: _RequestData | None = None,
+        files: httpx._types.RequestFiles | None = None,
+        json: Any = None,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().patch(
+            url,
+            content=content,
+            data=data,
+            files=files,
+            json=json,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def delete(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self,
+        url: httpx._types.URLTypes,
+        *,
+        params: httpx._types.QueryParamTypes | None = None,
+        headers: httpx._types.HeaderTypes | None = None,
+        cookies: httpx._types.CookieTypes | None = None,
+        auth: httpx._types.AuthTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        follow_redirects: bool | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        timeout: httpx._types.TimeoutTypes | httpx._client.UseClientDefault = httpx._client.USE_CLIENT_DEFAULT,
+        extensions: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> httpx.Response:
+        return super().delete(
+            url,
+            params=params,
+            headers=headers,
+            cookies=cookies,
+            auth=auth,
+            follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+        )
+
+    def websocket_connect(
+        self,
+        url: str,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> WebSocketTestSession:
+        url = urljoin("ws://testserver", url)
+        headers = kwargs.get("headers", {})
+        headers.setdefault("connection", "upgrade")
+        headers.setdefault("sec-websocket-key", "testserver==")
+        headers.setdefault("sec-websocket-version", "13")
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            headers.setdefault("sec-websocket-protocol", ", ".join(subprotocols))
+        kwargs["headers"] = headers
+        try:
+            super().request("GET", url, **kwargs)
+        except _Upgrade as exc:
+            session = exc.session
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("Expected WebSocket upgrade")  # pragma: no cover
+
+        return session
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            self.portal = portal = stack.enter_context(anyio.from_thread.start_blocking_portal(**self.async_backend))
+
+            @stack.callback
+            def reset_portal() -> None:
+                self.portal = None
+
+            send: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[MutableMapping[str, Any] | None] = (
+                anyio.create_memory_object_stream(math.inf)
+            )
+            receive: anyio.create_memory_object_stream[MutableMapping[str, Any]] = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(
+                math.inf
+            )
+            for channel in (*send, *receive):
+                stack.callback(channel.close)
+            self.stream_send = StapledObjectStream(*send)
+            self.stream_receive = StapledObjectStream(*receive)
+            self.task = portal.start_task_soon(self.lifespan)
+            portal.call(self.wait_startup)
+
+            @stack.callback
+            def wait_shutdown() -> None:
+                portal.call(self.wait_shutdown)
+
+            self.exit_stack = stack.pop_all()
+
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+        self.exit_stack.close()
+
+    async def lifespan(self) -> None:
+        scope = {"type": "lifespan", "state": self.app_state}
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, self.stream_receive.receive, self.stream_send.send)
+        finally:
+            await self.stream_send.send(None)
+
+    async def wait_startup(self) -> None:
+        await self.stream_receive.send({"type": "lifespan.startup"})
+
+        async def receive() -> Any:
+            message = await self.stream_send.receive()
+            if message is None:
+                self.task.result()
+            return message
+
+        message = await receive()
+        assert message["type"] in (
+            "lifespan.startup.complete",
+            "lifespan.startup.failed",
+        )
+        if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup.failed":
+            await receive()
+
+    async def wait_shutdown(self) -> None:
+        async def receive() -> Any:
+            message = await self.stream_send.receive()
+            if message is None:
+                self.task.result()
+            return message
+
+        await self.stream_receive.send({"type": "lifespan.shutdown"})
+        message = await receive()
+        assert message["type"] in (
+            "lifespan.shutdown.complete",
+            "lifespan.shutdown.failed",
+        )
+        if message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown.failed":
+            await receive()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b767ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from starlette.requests import Request
+    from starlette.responses import Response
+    from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+AppType = TypeVar("AppType")
+
+Scope = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+Message = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+
+Receive = Callable[[], Awaitable[Message]]
+Send = Callable[[Message], Awaitable[None]]
+
+ASGIApp = Callable[[Scope, Receive, Send], Awaitable[None]]
+
+StatelessLifespan = Callable[[AppType], AbstractAsyncContextManager[None]]
+StatefulLifespan = Callable[[AppType], AbstractAsyncContextManager[Mapping[str, Any]]]
+Lifespan = StatelessLifespan[AppType] | StatefulLifespan[AppType]
+
+HTTPExceptionHandler = Callable[["Request", Exception], "Response | Awaitable[Response]"]
+WebSocketExceptionHandler = Callable[["WebSocket", Exception], Awaitable[None]]
+ExceptionHandler = HTTPExceptionHandler | WebSocketExceptionHandler
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/websockets.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/websockets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab709a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/starlette/websockets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import json
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, StateT
+from starlette.responses import Response
+from starlette.types import Message, Receive, Scope, Send
+
+
+class WebSocketState(enum.Enum):
+    CONNECTING = 0
+    CONNECTED = 1
+    DISCONNECTED = 2
+    RESPONSE = 3
+
+
+class WebSocketDisconnect(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self.reason = reason or ""
+
+
+class WebSocket(HTTPConnection[StateT]):
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        super().__init__(scope)
+        assert scope["type"] == "websocket"
+        self._receive = receive
+        self._send = send
+        self.client_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTING
+        self.application_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTING
+
+    async def receive(self) -> Message:
+        """
+        Receive ASGI websocket messages, ensuring valid state transitions.
+        """
+        if self.client_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTING:
+            message = await self._receive()
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type != "websocket.connect":
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.connect", but got {message_type!r}')
+            self.client_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTED
+            return message
+        elif self.client_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            message = await self._receive()
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type not in {"websocket.receive", "websocket.disconnect"}:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.receive" or "websocket.disconnect", but got {message_type!r}'
+                )
+            if message_type == "websocket.disconnect":
+                self.client_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            return message
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call "receive" once a disconnect message has been received.')
+
+    async def send(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        """
+        Send ASGI websocket messages, ensuring valid state transitions.
+        """
+        if self.application_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTING:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type not in {"websocket.accept", "websocket.close", "websocket.http.response.start"}:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'Expected ASGI message "websocket.accept", "websocket.close" or "websocket.http.response.start", '
+                    f"but got {message_type!r}"
+                )
+            if message_type == "websocket.close":
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            elif message_type == "websocket.http.response.start":
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.RESPONSE
+            else:
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.CONNECTED
+            await self._send(message)
+        elif self.application_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type not in {"websocket.send", "websocket.close"}:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.send" or "websocket.close", but got {message_type!r}'
+                )
+            if message_type == "websocket.close":
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            try:
+                await self._send(message)
+            except OSError:
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+                raise WebSocketDisconnect(code=1006)
+        elif self.application_state == WebSocketState.RESPONSE:
+            message_type = message["type"]
+            if message_type != "websocket.http.response.body":
+                raise RuntimeError(f'Expected ASGI message "websocket.http.response.body", but got {message_type!r}')
+            if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                self.application_state = WebSocketState.DISCONNECTED
+            await self._send(message)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call "send" once a close message has been sent.')
+
+    async def accept(
+        self,
+        subprotocol: str | None = None,
+        headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        headers = headers or []
+
+        if self.client_state == WebSocketState.CONNECTING:  # pragma: no branch
+            # If we haven't yet seen the 'connect' message, then wait for it first.
+            await self.receive()
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.accept", "subprotocol": subprotocol, "headers": headers})
+
+    def _raise_on_disconnect(self, message: Message) -> None:
+        if message["type"] == "websocket.disconnect":
+            raise WebSocketDisconnect(message["code"], message.get("reason"))
+
+    async def receive_text(self) -> str:
+        if self.application_state != WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            raise RuntimeError('WebSocket is not connected. Need to call "accept" first.')
+        message = await self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_disconnect(message)
+        return cast(str, message["text"])
+
+    async def receive_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.application_state != WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            raise RuntimeError('WebSocket is not connected. Need to call "accept" first.')
+        message = await self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_disconnect(message)
+        return cast(bytes, message["bytes"])
+
+    async def receive_json(self, mode: str = "text") -> Any:
+        if mode not in {"text", "binary"}:
+            raise RuntimeError('The "mode" argument should be "text" or "binary".')
+        if self.application_state != WebSocketState.CONNECTED:
+            raise RuntimeError('WebSocket is not connected. Need to call "accept" first.')
+        message = await self.receive()
+        self._raise_on_disconnect(message)
+
+        if mode == "text":
+            text = message["text"]
+        else:
+            text = message["bytes"].decode("utf-8")
+        return json.loads(text)
+
+    async def iter_text(self) -> AsyncIterator[str]:
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.receive_text()
+        except WebSocketDisconnect:
+            pass
+
+    async def iter_bytes(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]:
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.receive_bytes()
+        except WebSocketDisconnect:
+            pass
+
+    async def iter_json(self) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.receive_json()
+        except WebSocketDisconnect:
+            pass
+
+    async def send_text(self, data: str) -> None:
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "text": data})
+
+    async def send_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "bytes": data})
+
+    async def send_json(self, data: Any, mode: str = "text") -> None:
+        if mode not in {"text", "binary"}:
+            raise RuntimeError('The "mode" argument should be "text" or "binary".')
+        text = json.dumps(data, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False)
+        if mode == "text":
+            await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "text": text})
+        else:
+            await self.send({"type": "websocket.send", "bytes": text.encode("utf-8")})
+
+    async def close(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.send({"type": "websocket.close", "code": code, "reason": reason or ""})
+
+    async def send_denial_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        if "websocket.http.response" in self.scope.get("extensions", {}):
+            await response(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("The server doesn't support the Websocket Denial Response extension.")
+
+
+class WebSocketClose:
+    def __init__(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.code = code
+        self.reason = reason or ""
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
+        await send({"type": "websocket.close", "code": self.code, "reason": self.reason})
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5010e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright 2013-2019 William Pearson
+Copyright 2015-2016 Julien Enselme
+Copyright 2016 Google Inc.
+Copyright 2017 Samuel Vasko
+Copyright 2017 Nate Prewitt
+Copyright 2017 Jack Evans
+Copyright 2019 Filippo Broggini
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2635c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: toml
+Version: 0.10.2
+Summary: Python Library for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language
+Home-page: https://github.com/uiri/toml
+Author: William Pearson
+Author-email: uiri@xqz.ca
+License: MIT
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Requires-Python: >=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*
+
+****
+TOML
+****
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/toml
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/toml/
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/uiri/toml.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/uiri/toml
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/toml.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/project/toml/
+
+
+A Python library for parsing and creating `TOML <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOML>`_.
+
+The module passes `the TOML test suite <https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test>`_.
+
+See also:
+
+* `The TOML Standard <https://github.com/toml-lang/toml>`_
+* `The currently supported TOML specification <https://github.com/toml-lang/toml/blob/v0.5.0/README.md>`_
+
+Installation
+============
+
+To install the latest release on `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/toml/>`_,
+simply run:
+
+::
+
+  pip install toml
+
+Or to install the latest development version, run:
+
+::
+
+  git clone https://github.com/uiri/toml.git
+  cd toml
+  python setup.py install
+
+Quick Tutorial
+==============
+
+*toml.loads* takes in a string containing standard TOML-formatted data and
+returns a dictionary containing the parsed data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> import toml
+  >>> toml_string = """
+  ... # This is a TOML document.
+  ...
+  ... title = "TOML Example"
+  ...
+  ... [owner]
+  ... name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+  ... dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00-08:00 # First class dates
+  ...
+  ... [database]
+  ... server = "192.168.1.1"
+  ... ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002 ]
+  ... connection_max = 5000
+  ... enabled = true
+  ...
+  ... [servers]
+  ...
+  ...   # Indentation (tabs and/or spaces) is allowed but not required
+  ...   [servers.alpha]
+  ...   ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  ...   dc = "eqdc10"
+  ...
+  ...   [servers.beta]
+  ...   ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  ...   dc = "eqdc10"
+  ...
+  ... [clients]
+  ... data = [ ["gamma", "delta"], [1, 2] ]
+  ...
+  ... # Line breaks are OK when inside arrays
+  ... hosts = [
+  ...   "alpha",
+  ...   "omega"
+  ... ]
+  ... """
+  >>> parsed_toml = toml.loads(toml_string)
+
+
+*toml.dumps* takes a dictionary and returns a string containing the
+corresponding TOML-formatted data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> new_toml_string = toml.dumps(parsed_toml)
+  >>> print(new_toml_string)
+  title = "TOML Example"
+  [owner]
+  name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+  dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
+  [database]
+  server = "192.168.1.1"
+  ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002,]
+  connection_max = 5000
+  enabled = true
+  [clients]
+  data = [ [ "gamma", "delta",], [ 1, 2,],]
+  hosts = [ "alpha", "omega",]
+  [servers.alpha]
+  ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+  [servers.beta]
+  ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+
+*toml.dump* takes a dictionary and a file descriptor and returns a string containing the
+corresponding TOML-formatted data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> with open('new_toml_file.toml', 'w') as f:
+  ...     new_toml_string = toml.dump(parsed_toml, f)
+  >>> print(new_toml_string)
+  title = "TOML Example"
+  [owner]
+  name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+  dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
+  [database]
+  server = "192.168.1.1"
+  ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002,]
+  connection_max = 5000
+  enabled = true
+  [clients]
+  data = [ [ "gamma", "delta",], [ 1, 2,],]
+  hosts = [ "alpha", "omega",]
+  [servers.alpha]
+  ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+  [servers.beta]
+  ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+
+For more functions, view the API Reference below.
+
+Note
+----
+
+For Numpy users, by default the data types ``np.floatX`` will not be translated to floats by toml, but will instead be encoded as strings. To get around this, specify the ``TomlNumpyEncoder`` when saving your data.
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+  >>> import toml
+  >>> import numpy as np
+  >>> a = np.arange(0, 10, dtype=np.double)
+  >>> output = {'a': a}
+  >>> toml.dumps(output)
+  'a = [ "0.0", "1.0", "2.0", "3.0", "4.0", "5.0", "6.0", "7.0", "8.0", "9.0",]\n'
+  >>> toml.dumps(output, encoder=toml.TomlNumpyEncoder())
+  'a = [ 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0,]\n'
+
+API Reference
+=============
+
+``toml.load(f, _dict=dict)``
+  Parse a file or a list of files as TOML and return a dictionary.
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``f``: A path to a file, list of filepaths (to be read into single
+      object) or a file descriptor
+    * ``_dict``: The class of the dictionary object to be returned
+
+  :Returns:
+    A dictionary (or object ``_dict``) containing parsed TOML data
+
+  :Raises:
+    * ``TypeError``: When ``f`` is an invalid type or is a list containing
+      invalid types
+    * ``TomlDecodeError``: When an error occurs while decoding the file(s)
+
+``toml.loads(s, _dict=dict)``
+  Parse a TOML-formatted string to a dictionary.
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``s``: The TOML-formatted string to be parsed
+    * ``_dict``: Specifies the class of the returned toml dictionary
+
+  :Returns:
+    A dictionary (or object ``_dict``) containing parsed TOML data
+
+  :Raises:
+    * ``TypeError``: When a non-string object is passed
+    * ``TomlDecodeError``: When an error occurs while decoding the
+      TOML-formatted string
+
+``toml.dump(o, f, encoder=None)``
+  Write a dictionary to a file containing TOML-formatted data
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``o``: An object to be converted into TOML
+    * ``f``: A File descriptor where the TOML-formatted output should be stored
+    * ``encoder``: An instance of ``TomlEncoder`` (or subclass) for encoding the object. If ``None``, will default to ``TomlEncoder``
+
+  :Returns:
+    A string containing the TOML-formatted data corresponding to object ``o``
+
+  :Raises:
+    * ``TypeError``: When anything other than file descriptor is passed
+
+``toml.dumps(o, encoder=None)``
+  Create a TOML-formatted string from an input object
+
+  :Args:
+    * ``o``: An object to be converted into TOML
+    * ``encoder``: An instance of ``TomlEncoder`` (or subclass) for encoding the object. If ``None``, will default to ``TomlEncoder``
+
+  :Returns:
+    A string containing the TOML-formatted data corresponding to object ``o``
+
+
+
+Licensing
+=========
+
+This project is released under the terms of the MIT Open Source License. View
+*LICENSE.txt* for more information.
+
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88195ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=LZKUgj32yJNXyL5JJ_znk2HWVh5e51MtWSbmOTmqpTY,1252
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=n_YkspvEihd_QXLIZZ50WVSFz3rZ_k7jQP-OU1WUpWY,7142
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/REQUESTED,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=ADKeyaGyKF5DwBNE0sRE5pvW-bSkFMJfBuhzZ3rceP4,110
+toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=2BO8ZRNnvJWgXyiQv66LBb_v87qBzcoUtEBefA75Ouk,5
+toml/__init__.py,sha256=Au3kqCwKD0cjbf4yJGOpUFwpsY0WHsC1ZRGvWgIKmpc,723
+toml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/decoder.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/encoder.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/ordered.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/__pycache__/tz.cpython-312.pyc,,
+toml/decoder.py,sha256=hSGTLf-2WBDZ_ddoCHWFy6N647XyMSh1o3rN2o4dEFg,38942
+toml/encoder.py,sha256=XjBc8ayvvlsLyd_qDA4tMWDNmMFRS4DpwtuDSWBq7zo,9940
+toml/ordered.py,sha256=mz03lZmV0bmc9lsYRIUOuj7Dsu5Ptwq-UtGVq5FdVZ4,354
+toml/tz.py,sha256=-5vg8wkg_atnVi2TnEveexIVE7T_FxBVr_-2WVfO1oA,701
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d38aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.35.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py2-none-any
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd79a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml-0.10.2.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+toml
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7719ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""Python module which parses and emits TOML.
+
+Released under the MIT license.
+"""
+
+from toml import encoder
+from toml import decoder
+
+__version__ = "0.10.2"
+_spec_ = "0.5.0"
+
+load = decoder.load
+loads = decoder.loads
+TomlDecoder = decoder.TomlDecoder
+TomlDecodeError = decoder.TomlDecodeError
+TomlPreserveCommentDecoder = decoder.TomlPreserveCommentDecoder
+
+dump = encoder.dump
+dumps = encoder.dumps
+TomlEncoder = encoder.TomlEncoder
+TomlArraySeparatorEncoder = encoder.TomlArraySeparatorEncoder
+TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder = encoder.TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder
+TomlNumpyEncoder = encoder.TomlNumpyEncoder
+TomlPreserveCommentEncoder = encoder.TomlPreserveCommentEncoder
+TomlPathlibEncoder = encoder.TomlPathlibEncoder
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/decoder.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/decoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf400e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1057 @@
+import datetime
+import io
+from os import linesep
+import re
+import sys
+
+from toml.tz import TomlTz
+
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    _range = xrange  # noqa: F821
+else:
+    unicode = str
+    _range = range
+    basestring = str
+    unichr = chr
+
+
+def _detect_pathlib_path(p):
+    if (3, 4) <= sys.version_info:
+        import pathlib
+        if isinstance(p, pathlib.PurePath):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _ispath(p):
+    if isinstance(p, (bytes, basestring)):
+        return True
+    return _detect_pathlib_path(p)
+
+
+def _getpath(p):
+    if (3, 6) <= sys.version_info:
+        import os
+        return os.fspath(p)
+    if _detect_pathlib_path(p):
+        return str(p)
+    return p
+
+
+try:
+    FNFError = FileNotFoundError
+except NameError:
+    FNFError = IOError
+
+
+TIME_RE = re.compile(r"([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})(\.([0-9]{3,6}))?")
+
+
+class TomlDecodeError(ValueError):
+    """Base toml Exception / Error."""
+
+    def __init__(self, msg, doc, pos):
+        lineno = doc.count('\n', 0, pos) + 1
+        colno = pos - doc.rfind('\n', 0, pos)
+        emsg = '{} (line {} column {} char {})'.format(msg, lineno, colno, pos)
+        ValueError.__init__(self, emsg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.doc = doc
+        self.pos = pos
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.colno = colno
+
+
+# Matches a TOML number, which allows underscores for readability
+_number_with_underscores = re.compile('([0-9])(_([0-9]))*')
+
+
+class CommentValue(object):
+    def __init__(self, val, comment, beginline, _dict):
+        self.val = val
+        separator = "\n" if beginline else " "
+        self.comment = separator + comment
+        self._dict = _dict
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.val[key]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.val[key] = value
+
+    def dump(self, dump_value_func):
+        retstr = dump_value_func(self.val)
+        if isinstance(self.val, self._dict):
+            return self.comment + "\n" + unicode(retstr)
+        else:
+            return unicode(retstr) + self.comment
+
+
+def _strictly_valid_num(n):
+    n = n.strip()
+    if not n:
+        return False
+    if n[0] == '_':
+        return False
+    if n[-1] == '_':
+        return False
+    if "_." in n or "._" in n:
+        return False
+    if len(n) == 1:
+        return True
+    if n[0] == '0' and n[1] not in ['.', 'o', 'b', 'x']:
+        return False
+    if n[0] == '+' or n[0] == '-':
+        n = n[1:]
+        if len(n) > 1 and n[0] == '0' and n[1] != '.':
+            return False
+    if '__' in n:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def load(f, _dict=dict, decoder=None):
+    """Parses named file or files as toml and returns a dictionary
+
+    Args:
+        f: Path to the file to open, array of files to read into single dict
+           or a file descriptor
+        _dict: (optional) Specifies the class of the returned toml dictionary
+        decoder: The decoder to use
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed toml file represented as a dictionary
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError -- When f is invalid type
+        TomlDecodeError: Error while decoding toml
+        IOError / FileNotFoundError -- When an array with no valid (existing)
+        (Python 2 / Python 3)          file paths is passed
+    """
+
+    if _ispath(f):
+        with io.open(_getpath(f), encoding='utf-8') as ffile:
+            return loads(ffile.read(), _dict, decoder)
+    elif isinstance(f, list):
+        from os import path as op
+        from warnings import warn
+        if not [path for path in f if op.exists(path)]:
+            error_msg = "Load expects a list to contain filenames only."
+            error_msg += linesep
+            error_msg += ("The list needs to contain the path of at least one "
+                          "existing file.")
+            raise FNFError(error_msg)
+        if decoder is None:
+            decoder = TomlDecoder(_dict)
+        d = decoder.get_empty_table()
+        for l in f:  # noqa: E741
+            if op.exists(l):
+                d.update(load(l, _dict, decoder))
+            else:
+                warn("Non-existent filename in list with at least one valid "
+                     "filename")
+        return d
+    else:
+        try:
+            return loads(f.read(), _dict, decoder)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError("You can only load a file descriptor, filename or "
+                            "list")
+
+
+_groupname_re = re.compile(r'^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$')
+
+
+def loads(s, _dict=dict, decoder=None):
+    """Parses string as toml
+
+    Args:
+        s: String to be parsed
+        _dict: (optional) Specifies the class of the returned toml dictionary
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed toml file represented as a dictionary
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: When a non-string is passed
+        TomlDecodeError: Error while decoding toml
+    """
+
+    implicitgroups = []
+    if decoder is None:
+        decoder = TomlDecoder(_dict)
+    retval = decoder.get_empty_table()
+    currentlevel = retval
+    if not isinstance(s, basestring):
+        raise TypeError("Expecting something like a string")
+
+    if not isinstance(s, unicode):
+        s = s.decode('utf8')
+
+    original = s
+    sl = list(s)
+    openarr = 0
+    openstring = False
+    openstrchar = ""
+    multilinestr = False
+    arrayoftables = False
+    beginline = True
+    keygroup = False
+    dottedkey = False
+    keyname = 0
+    key = ''
+    prev_key = ''
+    line_no = 1
+
+    for i, item in enumerate(sl):
+        if item == '\r' and sl[i + 1] == '\n':
+            sl[i] = ' '
+            continue
+        if keyname:
+            key += item
+            if item == '\n':
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Key name found without value."
+                                      " Reached end of line.", original, i)
+            if openstring:
+                if item == openstrchar:
+                    oddbackslash = False
+                    k = 1
+                    while i >= k and sl[i - k] == '\\':
+                        oddbackslash = not oddbackslash
+                        k += 1
+                    if not oddbackslash:
+                        keyname = 2
+                        openstring = False
+                        openstrchar = ""
+                continue
+            elif keyname == 1:
+                if item.isspace():
+                    keyname = 2
+                    continue
+                elif item == '.':
+                    dottedkey = True
+                    continue
+                elif item.isalnum() or item == '_' or item == '-':
+                    continue
+                elif (dottedkey and sl[i - 1] == '.' and
+                      (item == '"' or item == "'")):
+                    openstring = True
+                    openstrchar = item
+                    continue
+            elif keyname == 2:
+                if item.isspace():
+                    if dottedkey:
+                        nextitem = sl[i + 1]
+                        if not nextitem.isspace() and nextitem != '.':
+                            keyname = 1
+                    continue
+                if item == '.':
+                    dottedkey = True
+                    nextitem = sl[i + 1]
+                    if not nextitem.isspace() and nextitem != '.':
+                        keyname = 1
+                    continue
+            if item == '=':
+                keyname = 0
+                prev_key = key[:-1].rstrip()
+                key = ''
+                dottedkey = False
+            else:
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Found invalid character in key name: '" +
+                                      item + "'. Try quoting the key name.",
+                                      original, i)
+        if item == "'" and openstrchar != '"':
+            k = 1
+            try:
+                while sl[i - k] == "'":
+                    k += 1
+                    if k == 3:
+                        break
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            if k == 3:
+                multilinestr = not multilinestr
+                openstring = multilinestr
+            else:
+                openstring = not openstring
+            if openstring:
+                openstrchar = "'"
+            else:
+                openstrchar = ""
+        if item == '"' and openstrchar != "'":
+            oddbackslash = False
+            k = 1
+            tripquote = False
+            try:
+                while sl[i - k] == '"':
+                    k += 1
+                    if k == 3:
+                        tripquote = True
+                        break
+                if k == 1 or (k == 3 and tripquote):
+                    while sl[i - k] == '\\':
+                        oddbackslash = not oddbackslash
+                        k += 1
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            if not oddbackslash:
+                if tripquote:
+                    multilinestr = not multilinestr
+                    openstring = multilinestr
+                else:
+                    openstring = not openstring
+            if openstring:
+                openstrchar = '"'
+            else:
+                openstrchar = ""
+        if item == '#' and (not openstring and not keygroup and
+                            not arrayoftables):
+            j = i
+            comment = ""
+            try:
+                while sl[j] != '\n':
+                    comment += s[j]
+                    sl[j] = ' '
+                    j += 1
+            except IndexError:
+                break
+            if not openarr:
+                decoder.preserve_comment(line_no, prev_key, comment, beginline)
+        if item == '[' and (not openstring and not keygroup and
+                            not arrayoftables):
+            if beginline:
+                if len(sl) > i + 1 and sl[i + 1] == '[':
+                    arrayoftables = True
+                else:
+                    keygroup = True
+            else:
+                openarr += 1
+        if item == ']' and not openstring:
+            if keygroup:
+                keygroup = False
+            elif arrayoftables:
+                if sl[i - 1] == ']':
+                    arrayoftables = False
+            else:
+                openarr -= 1
+        if item == '\n':
+            if openstring or multilinestr:
+                if not multilinestr:
+                    raise TomlDecodeError("Unbalanced quotes", original, i)
+                if ((sl[i - 1] == "'" or sl[i - 1] == '"') and (
+                        sl[i - 2] == sl[i - 1])):
+                    sl[i] = sl[i - 1]
+                    if sl[i - 3] == sl[i - 1]:
+                        sl[i - 3] = ' '
+            elif openarr:
+                sl[i] = ' '
+            else:
+                beginline = True
+            line_no += 1
+        elif beginline and sl[i] != ' ' and sl[i] != '\t':
+            beginline = False
+            if not keygroup and not arrayoftables:
+                if sl[i] == '=':
+                    raise TomlDecodeError("Found empty keyname. ", original, i)
+                keyname = 1
+                key += item
+    if keyname:
+        raise TomlDecodeError("Key name found without value."
+                              " Reached end of file.", original, len(s))
+    if openstring:  # reached EOF and have an unterminated string
+        raise TomlDecodeError("Unterminated string found."
+                              " Reached end of file.", original, len(s))
+    s = ''.join(sl)
+    s = s.split('\n')
+    multikey = None
+    multilinestr = ""
+    multibackslash = False
+    pos = 0
+    for idx, line in enumerate(s):
+        if idx > 0:
+            pos += len(s[idx - 1]) + 1
+
+        decoder.embed_comments(idx, currentlevel)
+
+        if not multilinestr or multibackslash or '\n' not in multilinestr:
+            line = line.strip()
+        if line == "" and (not multikey or multibackslash):
+            continue
+        if multikey:
+            if multibackslash:
+                multilinestr += line
+            else:
+                multilinestr += line
+            multibackslash = False
+            closed = False
+            if multilinestr[0] == '[':
+                closed = line[-1] == ']'
+            elif len(line) > 2:
+                closed = (line[-1] == multilinestr[0] and
+                          line[-2] == multilinestr[0] and
+                          line[-3] == multilinestr[0])
+            if closed:
+                try:
+                    value, vtype = decoder.load_value(multilinestr)
+                except ValueError as err:
+                    raise TomlDecodeError(str(err), original, pos)
+                currentlevel[multikey] = value
+                multikey = None
+                multilinestr = ""
+            else:
+                k = len(multilinestr) - 1
+                while k > -1 and multilinestr[k] == '\\':
+                    multibackslash = not multibackslash
+                    k -= 1
+                if multibackslash:
+                    multilinestr = multilinestr[:-1]
+                else:
+                    multilinestr += "\n"
+            continue
+        if line[0] == '[':
+            arrayoftables = False
+            if len(line) == 1:
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Opening key group bracket on line by "
+                                      "itself.", original, pos)
+            if line[1] == '[':
+                arrayoftables = True
+                line = line[2:]
+                splitstr = ']]'
+            else:
+                line = line[1:]
+                splitstr = ']'
+            i = 1
+            quotesplits = decoder._get_split_on_quotes(line)
+            quoted = False
+            for quotesplit in quotesplits:
+                if not quoted and splitstr in quotesplit:
+                    break
+                i += quotesplit.count(splitstr)
+                quoted = not quoted
+            line = line.split(splitstr, i)
+            if len(line) < i + 1 or line[-1].strip() != "":
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Key group not on a line by itself.",
+                                      original, pos)
+            groups = splitstr.join(line[:-1]).split('.')
+            i = 0
+            while i < len(groups):
+                groups[i] = groups[i].strip()
+                if len(groups[i]) > 0 and (groups[i][0] == '"' or
+                                           groups[i][0] == "'"):
+                    groupstr = groups[i]
+                    j = i + 1
+                    while ((not groupstr[0] == groupstr[-1]) or
+                           len(groupstr) == 1):
+                        j += 1
+                        if j > len(groups) + 2:
+                            raise TomlDecodeError("Invalid group name '" +
+                                                  groupstr + "' Something " +
+                                                  "went wrong.", original, pos)
+                        groupstr = '.'.join(groups[i:j]).strip()
+                    groups[i] = groupstr[1:-1]
+                    groups[i + 1:j] = []
+                else:
+                    if not _groupname_re.match(groups[i]):
+                        raise TomlDecodeError("Invalid group name '" +
+                                              groups[i] + "'. Try quoting it.",
+                                              original, pos)
+                i += 1
+            currentlevel = retval
+            for i in _range(len(groups)):
+                group = groups[i]
+                if group == "":
+                    raise TomlDecodeError("Can't have a keygroup with an empty "
+                                          "name", original, pos)
+                try:
+                    currentlevel[group]
+                    if i == len(groups) - 1:
+                        if group in implicitgroups:
+                            implicitgroups.remove(group)
+                            if arrayoftables:
+                                raise TomlDecodeError("An implicitly defined "
+                                                      "table can't be an array",
+                                                      original, pos)
+                        elif arrayoftables:
+                            currentlevel[group].append(decoder.get_empty_table()
+                                                       )
+                        else:
+                            raise TomlDecodeError("What? " + group +
+                                                  " already exists?" +
+                                                  str(currentlevel),
+                                                  original, pos)
+                except TypeError:
+                    currentlevel = currentlevel[-1]
+                    if group not in currentlevel:
+                        currentlevel[group] = decoder.get_empty_table()
+                        if i == len(groups) - 1 and arrayoftables:
+                            currentlevel[group] = [decoder.get_empty_table()]
+                except KeyError:
+                    if i != len(groups) - 1:
+                        implicitgroups.append(group)
+                    currentlevel[group] = decoder.get_empty_table()
+                    if i == len(groups) - 1 and arrayoftables:
+                        currentlevel[group] = [decoder.get_empty_table()]
+                currentlevel = currentlevel[group]
+                if arrayoftables:
+                    try:
+                        currentlevel = currentlevel[-1]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        pass
+        elif line[0] == "{":
+            if line[-1] != "}":
+                raise TomlDecodeError("Line breaks are not allowed in inline"
+                                      "objects", original, pos)
+            try:
+                decoder.load_inline_object(line, currentlevel, multikey,
+                                           multibackslash)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise TomlDecodeError(str(err), original, pos)
+        elif "=" in line:
+            try:
+                ret = decoder.load_line(line, currentlevel, multikey,
+                                        multibackslash)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise TomlDecodeError(str(err), original, pos)
+            if ret is not None:
+                multikey, multilinestr, multibackslash = ret
+    return retval
+
+
+def _load_date(val):
+    microsecond = 0
+    tz = None
+    try:
+        if len(val) > 19:
+            if val[19] == '.':
+                if val[-1].upper() == 'Z':
+                    subsecondval = val[20:-1]
+                    tzval = "Z"
+                else:
+                    subsecondvalandtz = val[20:]
+                    if '+' in subsecondvalandtz:
+                        splitpoint = subsecondvalandtz.index('+')
+                        subsecondval = subsecondvalandtz[:splitpoint]
+                        tzval = subsecondvalandtz[splitpoint:]
+                    elif '-' in subsecondvalandtz:
+                        splitpoint = subsecondvalandtz.index('-')
+                        subsecondval = subsecondvalandtz[:splitpoint]
+                        tzval = subsecondvalandtz[splitpoint:]
+                    else:
+                        tzval = None
+                        subsecondval = subsecondvalandtz
+                if tzval is not None:
+                    tz = TomlTz(tzval)
+                microsecond = int(int(subsecondval) *
+                                  (10 ** (6 - len(subsecondval))))
+            else:
+                tz = TomlTz(val[19:])
+    except ValueError:
+        tz = None
+    if "-" not in val[1:]:
+        return None
+    try:
+        if len(val) == 10:
+            d = datetime.date(
+                int(val[:4]), int(val[5:7]),
+                int(val[8:10]))
+        else:
+            d = datetime.datetime(
+                int(val[:4]), int(val[5:7]),
+                int(val[8:10]), int(val[11:13]),
+                int(val[14:16]), int(val[17:19]), microsecond, tz)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    return d
+
+
+def _load_unicode_escapes(v, hexbytes, prefix):
+    skip = False
+    i = len(v) - 1
+    while i > -1 and v[i] == '\\':
+        skip = not skip
+        i -= 1
+    for hx in hexbytes:
+        if skip:
+            skip = False
+            i = len(hx) - 1
+            while i > -1 and hx[i] == '\\':
+                skip = not skip
+                i -= 1
+            v += prefix
+            v += hx
+            continue
+        hxb = ""
+        i = 0
+        hxblen = 4
+        if prefix == "\\U":
+            hxblen = 8
+        hxb = ''.join(hx[i:i + hxblen]).lower()
+        if hxb.strip('0123456789abcdef'):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid escape sequence: " + hxb)
+        if hxb[0] == "d" and hxb[1].strip('01234567'):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid escape sequence: " + hxb +
+                             ". Only scalar unicode points are allowed.")
+        v += unichr(int(hxb, 16))
+        v += unicode(hx[len(hxb):])
+    return v
+
+
+# Unescape TOML string values.
+
+# content after the \
+_escapes = ['0', 'b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't', '"']
+# What it should be replaced by
+_escapedchars = ['\0', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r', '\t', '\"']
+# Used for substitution
+_escape_to_escapedchars = dict(zip(_escapes, _escapedchars))
+
+
+def _unescape(v):
+    """Unescape characters in a TOML string."""
+    i = 0
+    backslash = False
+    while i < len(v):
+        if backslash:
+            backslash = False
+            if v[i] in _escapes:
+                v = v[:i - 1] + _escape_to_escapedchars[v[i]] + v[i + 1:]
+            elif v[i] == '\\':
+                v = v[:i - 1] + v[i:]
+            elif v[i] == 'u' or v[i] == 'U':
+                i += 1
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Reserved escape sequence used")
+            continue
+        elif v[i] == '\\':
+            backslash = True
+        i += 1
+    return v
+
+
+class InlineTableDict(object):
+    """Sentinel subclass of dict for inline tables."""
+
+
+class TomlDecoder(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict):
+        self._dict = _dict
+
+    def get_empty_table(self):
+        return self._dict()
+
+    def get_empty_inline_table(self):
+        class DynamicInlineTableDict(self._dict, InlineTableDict):
+            """Concrete sentinel subclass for inline tables.
+            It is a subclass of _dict which is passed in dynamically at load
+            time
+
+            It is also a subclass of InlineTableDict
+            """
+
+        return DynamicInlineTableDict()
+
+    def load_inline_object(self, line, currentlevel, multikey=False,
+                           multibackslash=False):
+        candidate_groups = line[1:-1].split(",")
+        groups = []
+        if len(candidate_groups) == 1 and not candidate_groups[0].strip():
+            candidate_groups.pop()
+        while len(candidate_groups) > 0:
+            candidate_group = candidate_groups.pop(0)
+            try:
+                _, value = candidate_group.split('=', 1)
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid inline table encountered")
+            value = value.strip()
+            if ((value[0] == value[-1] and value[0] in ('"', "'")) or (
+                    value[0] in '-0123456789' or
+                    value in ('true', 'false') or
+                    (value[0] == "[" and value[-1] == "]") or
+                    (value[0] == '{' and value[-1] == '}'))):
+                groups.append(candidate_group)
+            elif len(candidate_groups) > 0:
+                candidate_groups[0] = (candidate_group + "," +
+                                       candidate_groups[0])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid inline table value encountered")
+        for group in groups:
+            status = self.load_line(group, currentlevel, multikey,
+                                    multibackslash)
+            if status is not None:
+                break
+
+    def _get_split_on_quotes(self, line):
+        doublequotesplits = line.split('"')
+        quoted = False
+        quotesplits = []
+        if len(doublequotesplits) > 1 and "'" in doublequotesplits[0]:
+            singlequotesplits = doublequotesplits[0].split("'")
+            doublequotesplits = doublequotesplits[1:]
+            while len(singlequotesplits) % 2 == 0 and len(doublequotesplits):
+                singlequotesplits[-1] += '"' + doublequotesplits[0]
+                doublequotesplits = doublequotesplits[1:]
+                if "'" in singlequotesplits[-1]:
+                    singlequotesplits = (singlequotesplits[:-1] +
+                                         singlequotesplits[-1].split("'"))
+            quotesplits += singlequotesplits
+        for doublequotesplit in doublequotesplits:
+            if quoted:
+                quotesplits.append(doublequotesplit)
+            else:
+                quotesplits += doublequotesplit.split("'")
+                quoted = not quoted
+        return quotesplits
+
+    def load_line(self, line, currentlevel, multikey, multibackslash):
+        i = 1
+        quotesplits = self._get_split_on_quotes(line)
+        quoted = False
+        for quotesplit in quotesplits:
+            if not quoted and '=' in quotesplit:
+                break
+            i += quotesplit.count('=')
+            quoted = not quoted
+        pair = line.split('=', i)
+        strictly_valid = _strictly_valid_num(pair[-1])
+        if _number_with_underscores.match(pair[-1]):
+            pair[-1] = pair[-1].replace('_', '')
+        while len(pair[-1]) and (pair[-1][0] != ' ' and pair[-1][0] != '\t' and
+                                 pair[-1][0] != "'" and pair[-1][0] != '"' and
+                                 pair[-1][0] != '[' and pair[-1][0] != '{' and
+                                 pair[-1].strip() != 'true' and
+                                 pair[-1].strip() != 'false'):
+            try:
+                float(pair[-1])
+                break
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            if _load_date(pair[-1]) is not None:
+                break
+            if TIME_RE.match(pair[-1]):
+                break
+            i += 1
+            prev_val = pair[-1]
+            pair = line.split('=', i)
+            if prev_val == pair[-1]:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid date or number")
+            if strictly_valid:
+                strictly_valid = _strictly_valid_num(pair[-1])
+        pair = ['='.join(pair[:-1]).strip(), pair[-1].strip()]
+        if '.' in pair[0]:
+            if '"' in pair[0] or "'" in pair[0]:
+                quotesplits = self._get_split_on_quotes(pair[0])
+                quoted = False
+                levels = []
+                for quotesplit in quotesplits:
+                    if quoted:
+                        levels.append(quotesplit)
+                    else:
+                        levels += [level.strip() for level in
+                                   quotesplit.split('.')]
+                    quoted = not quoted
+            else:
+                levels = pair[0].split('.')
+            while levels[-1] == "":
+                levels = levels[:-1]
+            for level in levels[:-1]:
+                if level == "":
+                    continue
+                if level not in currentlevel:
+                    currentlevel[level] = self.get_empty_table()
+                currentlevel = currentlevel[level]
+            pair[0] = levels[-1].strip()
+        elif (pair[0][0] == '"' or pair[0][0] == "'") and \
+                (pair[0][-1] == pair[0][0]):
+            pair[0] = _unescape(pair[0][1:-1])
+        k, koffset = self._load_line_multiline_str(pair[1])
+        if k > -1:
+            while k > -1 and pair[1][k + koffset] == '\\':
+                multibackslash = not multibackslash
+                k -= 1
+            if multibackslash:
+                multilinestr = pair[1][:-1]
+            else:
+                multilinestr = pair[1] + "\n"
+            multikey = pair[0]
+        else:
+            value, vtype = self.load_value(pair[1], strictly_valid)
+        try:
+            currentlevel[pair[0]]
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate keys!")
+        except TypeError:
+            raise ValueError("Duplicate keys!")
+        except KeyError:
+            if multikey:
+                return multikey, multilinestr, multibackslash
+            else:
+                currentlevel[pair[0]] = value
+
+    def _load_line_multiline_str(self, p):
+        poffset = 0
+        if len(p) < 3:
+            return -1, poffset
+        if p[0] == '[' and (p.strip()[-1] != ']' and
+                            self._load_array_isstrarray(p)):
+            newp = p[1:].strip().split(',')
+            while len(newp) > 1 and newp[-1][0] != '"' and newp[-1][0] != "'":
+                newp = newp[:-2] + [newp[-2] + ',' + newp[-1]]
+            newp = newp[-1]
+            poffset = len(p) - len(newp)
+            p = newp
+        if p[0] != '"' and p[0] != "'":
+            return -1, poffset
+        if p[1] != p[0] or p[2] != p[0]:
+            return -1, poffset
+        if len(p) > 5 and p[-1] == p[0] and p[-2] == p[0] and p[-3] == p[0]:
+            return -1, poffset
+        return len(p) - 1, poffset
+
+    def load_value(self, v, strictly_valid=True):
+        if not v:
+            raise ValueError("Empty value is invalid")
+        if v == 'true':
+            return (True, "bool")
+        elif v.lower() == 'true':
+            raise ValueError("Only all lowercase booleans allowed")
+        elif v == 'false':
+            return (False, "bool")
+        elif v.lower() == 'false':
+            raise ValueError("Only all lowercase booleans allowed")
+        elif v[0] == '"' or v[0] == "'":
+            quotechar = v[0]
+            testv = v[1:].split(quotechar)
+            triplequote = False
+            triplequotecount = 0
+            if len(testv) > 1 and testv[0] == '' and testv[1] == '':
+                testv = testv[2:]
+                triplequote = True
+            closed = False
+            for tv in testv:
+                if tv == '':
+                    if triplequote:
+                        triplequotecount += 1
+                    else:
+                        closed = True
+                else:
+                    oddbackslash = False
+                    try:
+                        i = -1
+                        j = tv[i]
+                        while j == '\\':
+                            oddbackslash = not oddbackslash
+                            i -= 1
+                            j = tv[i]
+                    except IndexError:
+                        pass
+                    if not oddbackslash:
+                        if closed:
+                            raise ValueError("Found tokens after a closed " +
+                                             "string. Invalid TOML.")
+                        else:
+                            if not triplequote or triplequotecount > 1:
+                                closed = True
+                            else:
+                                triplequotecount = 0
+            if quotechar == '"':
+                escapeseqs = v.split('\\')[1:]
+                backslash = False
+                for i in escapeseqs:
+                    if i == '':
+                        backslash = not backslash
+                    else:
+                        if i[0] not in _escapes and (i[0] != 'u' and
+                                                     i[0] != 'U' and
+                                                     not backslash):
+                            raise ValueError("Reserved escape sequence used")
+                        if backslash:
+                            backslash = False
+                for prefix in ["\\u", "\\U"]:
+                    if prefix in v:
+                        hexbytes = v.split(prefix)
+                        v = _load_unicode_escapes(hexbytes[0], hexbytes[1:],
+                                                  prefix)
+                v = _unescape(v)
+            if len(v) > 1 and v[1] == quotechar and (len(v) < 3 or
+                                                     v[1] == v[2]):
+                v = v[2:-2]
+            return (v[1:-1], "str")
+        elif v[0] == '[':
+            return (self.load_array(v), "array")
+        elif v[0] == '{':
+            inline_object = self.get_empty_inline_table()
+            self.load_inline_object(v, inline_object)
+            return (inline_object, "inline_object")
+        elif TIME_RE.match(v):
+            h, m, s, _, ms = TIME_RE.match(v).groups()
+            time = datetime.time(int(h), int(m), int(s), int(ms) if ms else 0)
+            return (time, "time")
+        else:
+            parsed_date = _load_date(v)
+            if parsed_date is not None:
+                return (parsed_date, "date")
+            if not strictly_valid:
+                raise ValueError("Weirdness with leading zeroes or "
+                                 "underscores in your number.")
+            itype = "int"
+            neg = False
+            if v[0] == '-':
+                neg = True
+                v = v[1:]
+            elif v[0] == '+':
+                v = v[1:]
+            v = v.replace('_', '')
+            lowerv = v.lower()
+            if '.' in v or ('x' not in v and ('e' in v or 'E' in v)):
+                if '.' in v and v.split('.', 1)[1] == '':
+                    raise ValueError("This float is missing digits after "
+                                     "the point")
+                if v[0] not in '0123456789':
+                    raise ValueError("This float doesn't have a leading "
+                                     "digit")
+                v = float(v)
+                itype = "float"
+            elif len(lowerv) == 3 and (lowerv == 'inf' or lowerv == 'nan'):
+                v = float(v)
+                itype = "float"
+            if itype == "int":
+                v = int(v, 0)
+            if neg:
+                return (0 - v, itype)
+            return (v, itype)
+
+    def bounded_string(self, s):
+        if len(s) == 0:
+            return True
+        if s[-1] != s[0]:
+            return False
+        i = -2
+        backslash = False
+        while len(s) + i > 0:
+            if s[i] == "\\":
+                backslash = not backslash
+                i -= 1
+            else:
+                break
+        return not backslash
+
+    def _load_array_isstrarray(self, a):
+        a = a[1:-1].strip()
+        if a != '' and (a[0] == '"' or a[0] == "'"):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def load_array(self, a):
+        atype = None
+        retval = []
+        a = a.strip()
+        if '[' not in a[1:-1] or "" != a[1:-1].split('[')[0].strip():
+            strarray = self._load_array_isstrarray(a)
+            if not a[1:-1].strip().startswith('{'):
+                a = a[1:-1].split(',')
+            else:
+                # a is an inline object, we must find the matching parenthesis
+                # to define groups
+                new_a = []
+                start_group_index = 1
+                end_group_index = 2
+                open_bracket_count = 1 if a[start_group_index] == '{' else 0
+                in_str = False
+                while end_group_index < len(a[1:]):
+                    if a[end_group_index] == '"' or a[end_group_index] == "'":
+                        if in_str:
+                            backslash_index = end_group_index - 1
+                            while (backslash_index > -1 and
+                                   a[backslash_index] == '\\'):
+                                in_str = not in_str
+                                backslash_index -= 1
+                        in_str = not in_str
+                    if not in_str and a[end_group_index] == '{':
+                        open_bracket_count += 1
+                    if in_str or a[end_group_index] != '}':
+                        end_group_index += 1
+                        continue
+                    elif a[end_group_index] == '}' and open_bracket_count > 1:
+                        open_bracket_count -= 1
+                        end_group_index += 1
+                        continue
+
+                    # Increase end_group_index by 1 to get the closing bracket
+                    end_group_index += 1
+
+                    new_a.append(a[start_group_index:end_group_index])
+
+                    # The next start index is at least after the closing
+                    # bracket, a closing bracket can be followed by a comma
+                    # since we are in an array.
+                    start_group_index = end_group_index + 1
+                    while (start_group_index < len(a[1:]) and
+                           a[start_group_index] != '{'):
+                        start_group_index += 1
+                    end_group_index = start_group_index + 1
+                a = new_a
+            b = 0
+            if strarray:
+                while b < len(a) - 1:
+                    ab = a[b].strip()
+                    while (not self.bounded_string(ab) or
+                           (len(ab) > 2 and
+                            ab[0] == ab[1] == ab[2] and
+                            ab[-2] != ab[0] and
+                            ab[-3] != ab[0])):
+                        a[b] = a[b] + ',' + a[b + 1]
+                        ab = a[b].strip()
+                        if b < len(a) - 2:
+                            a = a[:b + 1] + a[b + 2:]
+                        else:
+                            a = a[:b + 1]
+                    b += 1
+        else:
+            al = list(a[1:-1])
+            a = []
+            openarr = 0
+            j = 0
+            for i in _range(len(al)):
+                if al[i] == '[':
+                    openarr += 1
+                elif al[i] == ']':
+                    openarr -= 1
+                elif al[i] == ',' and not openarr:
+                    a.append(''.join(al[j:i]))
+                    j = i + 1
+            a.append(''.join(al[j:]))
+        for i in _range(len(a)):
+            a[i] = a[i].strip()
+            if a[i] != '':
+                nval, ntype = self.load_value(a[i])
+                if atype:
+                    if ntype != atype:
+                        raise ValueError("Not a homogeneous array")
+                else:
+                    atype = ntype
+                retval.append(nval)
+        return retval
+
+    def preserve_comment(self, line_no, key, comment, beginline):
+        pass
+
+    def embed_comments(self, idx, currentlevel):
+        pass
+
+
+class TomlPreserveCommentDecoder(TomlDecoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict):
+        self.saved_comments = {}
+        super(TomlPreserveCommentDecoder, self).__init__(_dict)
+
+    def preserve_comment(self, line_no, key, comment, beginline):
+        self.saved_comments[line_no] = (key, comment, beginline)
+
+    def embed_comments(self, idx, currentlevel):
+        if idx not in self.saved_comments:
+            return
+
+        key, comment, beginline = self.saved_comments[idx]
+        currentlevel[key] = CommentValue(currentlevel[key], comment, beginline,
+                                         self._dict)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/encoder.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/encoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf17a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+import datetime
+import re
+import sys
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from toml.decoder import InlineTableDict
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3,):
+    unicode = str
+
+
+def dump(o, f, encoder=None):
+    """Writes out dict as toml to a file
+
+    Args:
+        o: Object to dump into toml
+        f: File descriptor where the toml should be stored
+        encoder: The ``TomlEncoder`` to use for constructing the output string
+
+    Returns:
+        String containing the toml corresponding to dictionary
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: When anything other than file descriptor is passed
+    """
+
+    if not f.write:
+        raise TypeError("You can only dump an object to a file descriptor")
+    d = dumps(o, encoder=encoder)
+    f.write(d)
+    return d
+
+
+def dumps(o, encoder=None):
+    """Stringifies input dict as toml
+
+    Args:
+        o: Object to dump into toml
+        encoder: The ``TomlEncoder`` to use for constructing the output string
+
+    Returns:
+        String containing the toml corresponding to dict
+
+    Examples:
+        ```python
+        >>> import toml
+        >>> output = {
+        ... 'a': "I'm a string",
+        ... 'b': ["I'm", "a", "list"],
+        ... 'c': 2400
+        ... }
+        >>> toml.dumps(output)
+        'a = "I\'m a string"\nb = [ "I\'m", "a", "list",]\nc = 2400\n'
+        ```
+    """
+
+    retval = ""
+    if encoder is None:
+        encoder = TomlEncoder(o.__class__)
+    addtoretval, sections = encoder.dump_sections(o, "")
+    retval += addtoretval
+    outer_objs = [id(o)]
+    while sections:
+        section_ids = [id(section) for section in sections.values()]
+        for outer_obj in outer_objs:
+            if outer_obj in section_ids:
+                raise ValueError("Circular reference detected")
+        outer_objs += section_ids
+        newsections = encoder.get_empty_table()
+        for section in sections:
+            addtoretval, addtosections = encoder.dump_sections(
+                sections[section], section)
+
+            if addtoretval or (not addtoretval and not addtosections):
+                if retval and retval[-2:] != "\n\n":
+                    retval += "\n"
+                retval += "[" + section + "]\n"
+                if addtoretval:
+                    retval += addtoretval
+            for s in addtosections:
+                newsections[section + "." + s] = addtosections[s]
+        sections = newsections
+    return retval
+
+
+def _dump_str(v):
+    if sys.version_info < (3,) and hasattr(v, 'decode') and isinstance(v, str):
+        v = v.decode('utf-8')
+    v = "%r" % v
+    if v[0] == 'u':
+        v = v[1:]
+    singlequote = v.startswith("'")
+    if singlequote or v.startswith('"'):
+        v = v[1:-1]
+    if singlequote:
+        v = v.replace("\\'", "'")
+        v = v.replace('"', '\\"')
+    v = v.split("\\x")
+    while len(v) > 1:
+        i = -1
+        if not v[0]:
+            v = v[1:]
+        v[0] = v[0].replace("\\\\", "\\")
+        # No, I don't know why != works and == breaks
+        joinx = v[0][i] != "\\"
+        while v[0][:i] and v[0][i] == "\\":
+            joinx = not joinx
+            i -= 1
+        if joinx:
+            joiner = "x"
+        else:
+            joiner = "u00"
+        v = [v[0] + joiner + v[1]] + v[2:]
+    return unicode('"' + v[0] + '"')
+
+
+def _dump_float(v):
+    return "{}".format(v).replace("e+0", "e+").replace("e-0", "e-")
+
+
+def _dump_time(v):
+    utcoffset = v.utcoffset()
+    if utcoffset is None:
+        return v.isoformat()
+    # The TOML norm specifies that it's local time thus we drop the offset
+    return v.isoformat()[:-6]
+
+
+class TomlEncoder(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False):
+        self._dict = _dict
+        self.preserve = preserve
+        self.dump_funcs = {
+            str: _dump_str,
+            unicode: _dump_str,
+            list: self.dump_list,
+            bool: lambda v: unicode(v).lower(),
+            int: lambda v: v,
+            float: _dump_float,
+            Decimal: _dump_float,
+            datetime.datetime: lambda v: v.isoformat().replace('+00:00', 'Z'),
+            datetime.time: _dump_time,
+            datetime.date: lambda v: v.isoformat()
+        }
+
+    def get_empty_table(self):
+        return self._dict()
+
+    def dump_list(self, v):
+        retval = "["
+        for u in v:
+            retval += " " + unicode(self.dump_value(u)) + ","
+        retval += "]"
+        return retval
+
+    def dump_inline_table(self, section):
+        """Preserve inline table in its compact syntax instead of expanding
+        into subsection.
+
+        https://github.com/toml-lang/toml#user-content-inline-table
+        """
+        retval = ""
+        if isinstance(section, dict):
+            val_list = []
+            for k, v in section.items():
+                val = self.dump_inline_table(v)
+                val_list.append(k + " = " + val)
+            retval += "{ " + ", ".join(val_list) + " }\n"
+            return retval
+        else:
+            return unicode(self.dump_value(section))
+
+    def dump_value(self, v):
+        # Lookup function corresponding to v's type
+        dump_fn = self.dump_funcs.get(type(v))
+        if dump_fn is None and hasattr(v, '__iter__'):
+            dump_fn = self.dump_funcs[list]
+        # Evaluate function (if it exists) else return v
+        return dump_fn(v) if dump_fn is not None else self.dump_funcs[str](v)
+
+    def dump_sections(self, o, sup):
+        retstr = ""
+        if sup != "" and sup[-1] != ".":
+            sup += '.'
+        retdict = self._dict()
+        arraystr = ""
+        for section in o:
+            section = unicode(section)
+            qsection = section
+            if not re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$', section):
+                qsection = _dump_str(section)
+            if not isinstance(o[section], dict):
+                arrayoftables = False
+                if isinstance(o[section], list):
+                    for a in o[section]:
+                        if isinstance(a, dict):
+                            arrayoftables = True
+                if arrayoftables:
+                    for a in o[section]:
+                        arraytabstr = "\n"
+                        arraystr += "[[" + sup + qsection + "]]\n"
+                        s, d = self.dump_sections(a, sup + qsection)
+                        if s:
+                            if s[0] == "[":
+                                arraytabstr += s
+                            else:
+                                arraystr += s
+                        while d:
+                            newd = self._dict()
+                            for dsec in d:
+                                s1, d1 = self.dump_sections(d[dsec], sup +
+                                                            qsection + "." +
+                                                            dsec)
+                                if s1:
+                                    arraytabstr += ("[" + sup + qsection +
+                                                    "." + dsec + "]\n")
+                                    arraytabstr += s1
+                                for s1 in d1:
+                                    newd[dsec + "." + s1] = d1[s1]
+                            d = newd
+                        arraystr += arraytabstr
+                else:
+                    if o[section] is not None:
+                        retstr += (qsection + " = " +
+                                   unicode(self.dump_value(o[section])) + '\n')
+            elif self.preserve and isinstance(o[section], InlineTableDict):
+                retstr += (qsection + " = " +
+                           self.dump_inline_table(o[section]))
+            else:
+                retdict[qsection] = o[section]
+        retstr += arraystr
+        return (retstr, retdict)
+
+
+class TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict):
+        super(TomlPreserveInlineDictEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, True)
+
+
+class TomlArraySeparatorEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False, separator=","):
+        super(TomlArraySeparatorEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, preserve)
+        if separator.strip() == "":
+            separator = "," + separator
+        elif separator.strip(' \t\n\r,'):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid separator for arrays")
+        self.separator = separator
+
+    def dump_list(self, v):
+        t = []
+        retval = "["
+        for u in v:
+            t.append(self.dump_value(u))
+        while t != []:
+            s = []
+            for u in t:
+                if isinstance(u, list):
+                    for r in u:
+                        s.append(r)
+                else:
+                    retval += " " + unicode(u) + self.separator
+            t = s
+        retval += "]"
+        return retval
+
+
+class TomlNumpyEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False):
+        import numpy as np
+        super(TomlNumpyEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, preserve)
+        self.dump_funcs[np.float16] = _dump_float
+        self.dump_funcs[np.float32] = _dump_float
+        self.dump_funcs[np.float64] = _dump_float
+        self.dump_funcs[np.int16] = self._dump_int
+        self.dump_funcs[np.int32] = self._dump_int
+        self.dump_funcs[np.int64] = self._dump_int
+
+    def _dump_int(self, v):
+        return "{}".format(int(v))
+
+
+class TomlPreserveCommentEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self, _dict=dict, preserve=False):
+        from toml.decoder import CommentValue
+        super(TomlPreserveCommentEncoder, self).__init__(_dict, preserve)
+        self.dump_funcs[CommentValue] = lambda v: v.dump(self.dump_value)
+
+
+class TomlPathlibEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def _dump_pathlib_path(self, v):
+        return _dump_str(str(v))
+
+    def dump_value(self, v):
+        if (3, 4) <= sys.version_info:
+            import pathlib
+            if isinstance(v, pathlib.PurePath):
+                v = str(v)
+        return super(TomlPathlibEncoder, self).dump_value(v)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/ordered.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/ordered.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c20c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/ordered.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from toml import TomlEncoder
+from toml import TomlDecoder
+
+
+class TomlOrderedDecoder(TomlDecoder):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(_dict=OrderedDict)
+
+
+class TomlOrderedEncoder(TomlEncoder):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(_dict=OrderedDict)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/tz.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/tz.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf20593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/toml/tz.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta
+
+
+class TomlTz(tzinfo):
+    def __init__(self, toml_offset):
+        if toml_offset == "Z":
+            self._raw_offset = "+00:00"
+        else:
+            self._raw_offset = toml_offset
+        self._sign = -1 if self._raw_offset[0] == '-' else 1
+        self._hours = int(self._raw_offset[1:3])
+        self._minutes = int(self._raw_offset[4:6])
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        return self.__class__(self._raw_offset)
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        return "UTC" + self._raw_offset
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self._sign * timedelta(hours=self._hours, minutes=self._minutes)
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        return timedelta(0)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b09cb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: typing_extensions
+Version: 4.15.0
+Summary: Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.9+
+Keywords: annotations,backport,checker,checking,function,hinting,hints,type,typechecking,typehinting,typehints,typing
+Author-email: "Guido van Rossum, Jukka Lehtosalo, Łukasz Langa, Michael Lee" <levkivskyi@gmail.com>
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-Expression: PSF-2.0
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
+License-File: LICENSE
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/issues
+Project-URL: Changes, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/
+Project-URL: Home, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions
+Project-URL: Q & A, https://github.com/python/typing/discussions
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/python/typing_extensions
+
+# Typing Extensions
+
+[![Chat at https://gitter.im/python/typing](https://badges.gitter.im/python/typing.svg)](https://gitter.im/python/typing)
+
+[Documentation](https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#) –
+[PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/typing-extensions/)
+
+## Overview
+
+The `typing_extensions` module serves two related purposes:
+
+- Enable use of new type system features on older Python versions. For example,
+  `typing.TypeGuard` is new in Python 3.10, but `typing_extensions` allows
+  users on previous Python versions to use it too.
+- Enable experimentation with new type system PEPs before they are accepted and
+  added to the `typing` module.
+
+`typing_extensions` is treated specially by static type checkers such as
+mypy and pyright. Objects defined in `typing_extensions` are treated the same
+way as equivalent forms in `typing`.
+
+`typing_extensions` uses
+[Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/). The
+major version will be incremented only for backwards-incompatible changes.
+Therefore, it's safe to depend
+on `typing_extensions` like this: `typing_extensions ~=x.y`,
+where `x.y` is the first version that includes all features you need.
+[This](https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/version-specifiers/#compatible-release)
+is equivalent to `typing_extensions >=x.y, <(x+1)`. Do not depend on `~= x.y.z`
+unless you really know what you're doing; that defeats the purpose of
+semantic versioning.
+
+## Included items
+
+See [the documentation](https://typing-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#) for a
+complete listing of module contents.
+
+## Contributing
+
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+for how to contribute to `typing_extensions`.
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ab09b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+__pycache__/typing_extensions.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=wTg3j-jxiTSsmd4GBTXFPsbBOu7WXpTDJkHafuMZKnI,3259
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G2gURzTEtmeR8nrdXUJfNiB3VYVxigPQ-bEQujpNiNs,82
+typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=Oy-B_iHRgcSZxZolbI4ZaEVdZonSaaqFNzv7avQdo78,13936
+typing_extensions.py,sha256=Qz0R0XDTok0usGXrwb_oSM6n49fOaFZ6tSvqLUwvftg,160429
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b9936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: flit 3.12.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f26bcf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions-4.15.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
+==========================
+
+Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
+Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
+as a successor of a language called ABC.  Guido remains Python's
+principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
+
+In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
+National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
+in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
+software.
+
+In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
+BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team.  In October of the same
+year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which became
+Zope Corporation.  In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see
+https://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization
+created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.
+Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.
+
+All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org for
+the Open Source Definition).  Historically, most, but not all, Python
+releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
+the various releases.
+
+    Release         Derived     Year        Owner       GPL-
+                    from                                compatible? (1)
+
+    0.9.0 thru 1.2              1991-1995   CWI         yes
+    1.3 thru 1.5.2  1.2         1995-1999   CNRI        yes
+    1.6             1.5.2       2000        CNRI        no
+    2.0             1.6         2000        BeOpen.com  no
+    1.6.1           1.6         2001        CNRI        yes (2)
+    2.1             2.0+1.6.1   2001        PSF         no
+    2.0.1           2.0+1.6.1   2001        PSF         yes
+    2.1.1           2.1+2.0.1   2001        PSF         yes
+    2.1.2           2.1.1       2002        PSF         yes
+    2.1.3           2.1.2       2002        PSF         yes
+    2.2 and above   2.1.1       2001-now    PSF         yes
+
+Footnotes:
+
+(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
+    the GPL.  All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
+    a modified version without making your changes open source.  The
+    GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
+    other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
+
+(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
+    because its license has a choice of law clause.  According to
+    CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
+    is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
+
+Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
+direction to make these releases possible.
+
+
+B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
+===============================================================
+
+Python software and documentation are licensed under the
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+
+Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code in
+the documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2
+and the Zero-Clause BSD license.
+
+Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.
+The licenses are listed with code falling under that license.
+
+
+PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
+--------------------------------------------
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+
+2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
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+4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
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+5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
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+7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
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+CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
+---------------------------------------
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+1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
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+Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
+("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
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+2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
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+prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
+alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's
+License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
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+Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative
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+Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the
+quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and
+conditions in CNRI's License Agreement.  This Agreement together with
+Python 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the following
+unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013.  This
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+3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
+or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
+the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
+Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
+the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
+
+4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
+basis.  CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
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+5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
+1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
+A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,
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+
+6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
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+U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
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+Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based
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+CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
+--------------------------------------------------
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+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
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+----------------------------------------------------------------------
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77f33e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_extensions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4317 @@
+import abc
+import builtins
+import collections
+import collections.abc
+import contextlib
+import enum
+import functools
+import inspect
+import io
+import keyword
+import operator
+import sys
+import types as _types
+import typing
+import warnings
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119891
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    import annotationlib
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Super-special typing primitives.
+    'Any',
+    'ClassVar',
+    'Concatenate',
+    'Final',
+    'LiteralString',
+    'ParamSpec',
+    'ParamSpecArgs',
+    'ParamSpecKwargs',
+    'Self',
+    'Type',
+    'TypeVar',
+    'TypeVarTuple',
+    'Unpack',
+
+    # ABCs (from collections.abc).
+    'Awaitable',
+    'AsyncIterator',
+    'AsyncIterable',
+    'Coroutine',
+    'AsyncGenerator',
+    'AsyncContextManager',
+    'Buffer',
+    'ChainMap',
+
+    # Concrete collection types.
+    'ContextManager',
+    'Counter',
+    'Deque',
+    'DefaultDict',
+    'NamedTuple',
+    'OrderedDict',
+    'TypedDict',
+
+    # Structural checks, a.k.a. protocols.
+    'SupportsAbs',
+    'SupportsBytes',
+    'SupportsComplex',
+    'SupportsFloat',
+    'SupportsIndex',
+    'SupportsInt',
+    'SupportsRound',
+    'Reader',
+    'Writer',
+
+    # One-off things.
+    'Annotated',
+    'assert_never',
+    'assert_type',
+    'clear_overloads',
+    'dataclass_transform',
+    'deprecated',
+    'disjoint_base',
+    'Doc',
+    'evaluate_forward_ref',
+    'get_overloads',
+    'final',
+    'Format',
+    'get_annotations',
+    'get_args',
+    'get_origin',
+    'get_original_bases',
+    'get_protocol_members',
+    'get_type_hints',
+    'IntVar',
+    'is_protocol',
+    'is_typeddict',
+    'Literal',
+    'NewType',
+    'overload',
+    'override',
+    'Protocol',
+    'Sentinel',
+    'reveal_type',
+    'runtime',
+    'runtime_checkable',
+    'Text',
+    'TypeAlias',
+    'TypeAliasType',
+    'TypeForm',
+    'TypeGuard',
+    'TypeIs',
+    'TYPE_CHECKING',
+    'type_repr',
+    'Never',
+    'NoReturn',
+    'ReadOnly',
+    'Required',
+    'NotRequired',
+    'NoDefault',
+    'NoExtraItems',
+
+    # Pure aliases, have always been in typing
+    'AbstractSet',
+    'AnyStr',
+    'BinaryIO',
+    'Callable',
+    'Collection',
+    'Container',
+    'Dict',
+    'ForwardRef',
+    'FrozenSet',
+    'Generator',
+    'Generic',
+    'Hashable',
+    'IO',
+    'ItemsView',
+    'Iterable',
+    'Iterator',
+    'KeysView',
+    'List',
+    'Mapping',
+    'MappingView',
+    'Match',
+    'MutableMapping',
+    'MutableSequence',
+    'MutableSet',
+    'Optional',
+    'Pattern',
+    'Reversible',
+    'Sequence',
+    'Set',
+    'Sized',
+    'TextIO',
+    'Tuple',
+    'Union',
+    'ValuesView',
+    'cast',
+    'no_type_check',
+    'no_type_check_decorator',
+]
+
+# for backward compatibility
+PEP_560 = True
+GenericMeta = type
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/116129
+_PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED = sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, "beta")
+
+# Added with bpo-45166 to 3.10.1+ and some 3.9 versions
+_FORWARD_REF_HAS_CLASS = "__forward_is_class__" in typing.ForwardRef.__slots__
+
+# The functions below are modified copies of typing internal helpers.
+# They are needed by _ProtocolMeta and they provide support for PEP 646.
+
+
+class _Sentinel:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<sentinel>"
+
+
+_marker = _Sentinel()
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/27342
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(
+            t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias, _types.UnionType)
+        )
+else:
+    def _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+        return isinstance(t, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias))
+
+
+NoReturn = typing.NoReturn
+
+# Some unconstrained type variables.  These are used by the container types.
+# (These are not for export.)
+T = typing.TypeVar('T')  # Any type.
+KT = typing.TypeVar('KT')  # Key type.
+VT = typing.TypeVar('VT')  # Value type.
+T_co = typing.TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)  # Any type covariant containers.
+T_contra = typing.TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)  # Ditto contravariant.
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/31841
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Any
+else:
+
+    class _AnyMeta(type):
+        def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+            if self is Any:
+                raise TypeError("typing_extensions.Any cannot be used with isinstance()")
+            return super().__instancecheck__(obj)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self is Any:
+                return "typing_extensions.Any"
+            return super().__repr__()
+
+    class Any(metaclass=_AnyMeta):
+        """Special type indicating an unconstrained type.
+        - Any is compatible with every type.
+        - Any assumed to have all methods.
+        - All values assumed to be instances of Any.
+        Note that all the above statements are true from the point of view of
+        static type checkers. At runtime, Any should not be used with instance
+        checks.
+        """
+        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            if cls is Any:
+                raise TypeError("Any cannot be instantiated")
+            return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+ClassVar = typing.ClassVar
+
+# Vendored from cpython typing._SpecialFrom
+# Having a separate class means that instances will not be rejected by
+# typing._type_check.
+class _SpecialForm(typing._Final, _root=True):
+    __slots__ = ('_name', '__doc__', '_getitem')
+
+    def __init__(self, getitem):
+        self._getitem = getitem
+        self._name = getitem.__name__
+        self.__doc__ = getitem.__doc__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in {'__name__', '__qualname__'}:
+            return self._name
+
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot subclass {self!r}")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'typing_extensions.{self._name}'
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot instantiate {self!r}")
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+    def __ror__(self, other):
+        return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __instancecheck__(self, obj):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with isinstance()")
+
+    def __subclasscheck__(self, cls):
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} cannot be used with issubclass()")
+
+    @typing._tp_cache
+    def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+        return self._getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+# Note that inheriting from this class means that the object will be
+# rejected by typing._type_check, so do not use it if the special form
+# is arguably valid as a type by itself.
+class _ExtensionsSpecialForm(typing._SpecialForm, _root=True):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'typing_extensions.' + self._name
+
+
+Final = typing.Final
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30530
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    final = typing.final
+else:
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "disjoint_base"):  # 3.15
+    disjoint_base = typing.disjoint_base
+else:
+    def disjoint_base(cls):
+        """This decorator marks a class as a disjoint base.
+
+        Child classes of a disjoint base cannot inherit from other disjoint bases that are
+        not parent classes of the disjoint base.
+
+        For example:
+
+            @disjoint_base
+            class Disjoint1: pass
+
+            @disjoint_base
+            class Disjoint2: pass
+
+            class Disjoint3(Disjoint1, Disjoint2): pass  # Type checker error
+
+        Type checkers can use knowledge of disjoint bases to detect unreachable code
+        and determine when two types can overlap.
+
+        See PEP 800."""
+        cls.__disjoint_base__ = True
+        return cls
+
+
+def IntVar(name):
+    return typing.TypeVar(name)
+
+
+# A Literal bug was fixed in 3.11.0, 3.10.1 and 3.9.8
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/29334
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 1):
+    Literal = typing.Literal
+else:
+    def _flatten_literal_params(parameters):
+        """An internal helper for Literal creation: flatten Literals among parameters"""
+        params = []
+        for p in parameters:
+            if isinstance(p, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                params.extend(p.__args__)
+            else:
+                params.append(p)
+        return tuple(params)
+
+    def _value_and_type_iter(params):
+        for p in params:
+            yield p, type(p)
+
+    class _LiteralGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, _LiteralGenericAlias):
+                return NotImplemented
+            these_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__))
+            other_args_deduped = set(_value_and_type_iter(other.__args__))
+            return these_args_deduped == other_args_deduped
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash(frozenset(_value_and_type_iter(self.__args__)))
+
+    class _LiteralForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, doc: str):
+            self._name = 'Literal'
+            self._doc = self.__doc__ = doc
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+
+            parameters = _flatten_literal_params(parameters)
+
+            val_type_pairs = list(_value_and_type_iter(parameters))
+            try:
+                deduped_pairs = set(val_type_pairs)
+            except TypeError:
+                # unhashable parameters
+                pass
+            else:
+                # similar logic to typing._deduplicate on Python 3.9+
+                if len(deduped_pairs) < len(val_type_pairs):
+                    new_parameters = []
+                    for pair in val_type_pairs:
+                        if pair in deduped_pairs:
+                            new_parameters.append(pair[0])
+                            deduped_pairs.remove(pair)
+                    assert not deduped_pairs, deduped_pairs
+                    parameters = tuple(new_parameters)
+
+            return _LiteralGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+
+    Literal = _LiteralForm(doc="""\
+                           A type that can be used to indicate to type checkers
+                           that the corresponding value has a value literally equivalent
+                           to the provided parameter. For example:
+
+                               var: Literal[4] = 4
+
+                           The type checker understands that 'var' is literally equal to
+                           the value 4 and no other value.
+
+                           Literal[...] cannot be subclassed. There is no runtime
+                           checking verifying that the parameter is actually a value
+                           instead of a type.""")
+
+
+_overload_dummy = typing._overload_dummy
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "get_overloads"):  # 3.11+
+    overload = typing.overload
+    get_overloads = typing.get_overloads
+    clear_overloads = typing.clear_overloads
+else:
+    # {module: {qualname: {firstlineno: func}}}
+    _overload_registry = collections.defaultdict(
+        functools.partial(collections.defaultdict, dict)
+    )
+
+    def overload(func):
+        """Decorator for overloaded functions/methods.
+
+        In a stub file, place two or more stub definitions for the same
+        function in a row, each decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+
+        In a non-stub file (i.e. a regular .py file), do the same but
+        follow it with an implementation.  The implementation should *not*
+        be decorated with @overload.  For example:
+
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: None) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: bytes) -> bytes: ...
+        @overload
+        def utf8(value: str) -> bytes: ...
+        def utf8(value):
+            # implementation goes here
+
+        The overloads for a function can be retrieved at runtime using the
+        get_overloads() function.
+        """
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        try:
+            _overload_registry[f.__module__][f.__qualname__][
+                f.__code__.co_firstlineno
+            ] = func
+        except AttributeError:
+            # Not a normal function; ignore.
+            pass
+        return _overload_dummy
+
+    def get_overloads(func):
+        """Return all defined overloads for *func* as a sequence."""
+        # classmethod and staticmethod
+        f = getattr(func, "__func__", func)
+        if f.__module__ not in _overload_registry:
+            return []
+        mod_dict = _overload_registry[f.__module__]
+        if f.__qualname__ not in mod_dict:
+            return []
+        return list(mod_dict[f.__qualname__].values())
+
+    def clear_overloads():
+        """Clear all overloads in the registry."""
+        _overload_registry.clear()
+
+
+# This is not a real generic class.  Don't use outside annotations.
+Type = typing.Type
+
+# Various ABCs mimicking those in collections.abc.
+# A few are simply re-exported for completeness.
+Awaitable = typing.Awaitable
+Coroutine = typing.Coroutine
+AsyncIterable = typing.AsyncIterable
+AsyncIterator = typing.AsyncIterator
+Deque = typing.Deque
+DefaultDict = typing.DefaultDict
+OrderedDict = typing.OrderedDict
+Counter = typing.Counter
+ChainMap = typing.ChainMap
+Text = typing.Text
+TYPE_CHECKING = typing.TYPE_CHECKING
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/118681
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 0, "beta"):
+    from typing import AsyncContextManager, AsyncGenerator, ContextManager, Generator
+else:
+    def _is_dunder(attr):
+        return attr.startswith('__') and attr.endswith('__')
+
+
+    class _SpecialGenericAlias(typing._SpecialGenericAlias, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, origin, nparams, *, inst=True, name=None, defaults=()):
+            super().__init__(origin, nparams, inst=inst, name=name)
+            self._defaults = defaults
+
+        def __setattr__(self, attr, val):
+            allowed_attrs = {'_name', '_inst', '_nparams', '_defaults'}
+            if _is_dunder(attr) or attr in allowed_attrs:
+                object.__setattr__(self, attr, val)
+            else:
+                setattr(self.__origin__, attr, val)
+
+        @typing._tp_cache
+        def __getitem__(self, params):
+            if not isinstance(params, tuple):
+                params = (params,)
+            msg = "Parameters to generic types must be types."
+            params = tuple(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in params)
+            if (
+                self._defaults
+                and len(params) < self._nparams
+                and len(params) + len(self._defaults) >= self._nparams
+            ):
+                params = (*params, *self._defaults[len(params) - self._nparams:])
+            actual_len = len(params)
+
+            if actual_len != self._nparams:
+                if self._defaults:
+                    expected = f"at least {self._nparams - len(self._defaults)}"
+                else:
+                    expected = str(self._nparams)
+                if not self._nparams:
+                    raise TypeError(f"{self} is not a generic class")
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Too {'many' if actual_len > self._nparams else 'few'}"
+                    f" arguments for {self};"
+                    f" actual {actual_len}, expected {expected}"
+                )
+            return self.copy_with(params)
+
+    _NoneType = type(None)
+    Generator = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        collections.abc.Generator, 3, defaults=(_NoneType, _NoneType)
+    )
+    AsyncGenerator = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        collections.abc.AsyncGenerator, 2, defaults=(_NoneType,)
+    )
+    ContextManager = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        contextlib.AbstractContextManager,
+        2,
+        name="ContextManager",
+        defaults=(typing.Optional[bool],)
+    )
+    AsyncContextManager = _SpecialGenericAlias(
+        contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+        2,
+        name="AsyncContextManager",
+        defaults=(typing.Optional[bool],)
+    )
+
+
+_PROTO_ALLOWLIST = {
+    'collections.abc': [
+        'Callable', 'Awaitable', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'AsyncIterable',
+        'Hashable', 'Sized', 'Container', 'Collection', 'Reversible', 'Buffer',
+    ],
+    'contextlib': ['AbstractContextManager', 'AbstractAsyncContextManager'],
+    'typing_extensions': ['Buffer'],
+}
+
+
+_EXCLUDED_ATTRS = frozenset(typing.EXCLUDED_ATTRIBUTES) | {
+    "__match_args__", "__protocol_attrs__", "__non_callable_proto_members__",
+    "__final__",
+}
+
+
+def _get_protocol_attrs(cls):
+    attrs = set()
+    for base in cls.__mro__[:-1]:  # without object
+        if base.__name__ in {'Protocol', 'Generic'}:
+            continue
+        annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+        for attr in (*base.__dict__, *annotations):
+            if (not attr.startswith('_abc_') and attr not in _EXCLUDED_ATTRS):
+                attrs.add(attr)
+    return attrs
+
+
+def _caller(depth=1, default='__main__'):
+    try:
+        return sys._getframemodulename(depth + 1) or default
+    except AttributeError:  # For platforms without _getframemodulename()
+        pass
+    try:
+        return sys._getframe(depth + 1).f_globals.get('__name__', default)
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):  # For platforms without _getframe()
+        pass
+    return None
+
+
+# `__match_args__` attribute was removed from protocol members in 3.13,
+# we want to backport this change to older Python versions.
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/110683
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    Protocol = typing.Protocol
+else:
+    def _allow_reckless_class_checks(depth=2):
+        """Allow instance and class checks for special stdlib modules.
+        The abc and functools modules indiscriminately call isinstance() and
+        issubclass() on the whole MRO of a user class, which may contain protocols.
+        """
+        return _caller(depth) in {'abc', 'functools', None}
+
+    def _no_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if type(self)._is_protocol:
+            raise TypeError('Protocols cannot be instantiated')
+
+    def _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(arg):
+        """Raise TypeError if `arg` is not an instance of `type`
+        in `issubclass(arg, <protocol>)`.
+
+        In most cases, this is verified by type.__subclasscheck__.
+        Checking it again unnecessarily would slow down issubclass() checks,
+        so, we don't perform this check unless we absolutely have to.
+
+        For various error paths, however,
+        we want to ensure that *this* error message is shown to the user
+        where relevant, rather than a typing.py-specific error message.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(arg, type):
+            # Same error message as for issubclass(1, int).
+            raise TypeError('issubclass() arg 1 must be a class')
+
+    # Inheriting from typing._ProtocolMeta isn't actually desirable,
+    # but is necessary to allow typing.Protocol and typing_extensions.Protocol
+    # to mix without getting TypeErrors about "metaclass conflict"
+    class _ProtocolMeta(type(typing.Protocol)):
+        # This metaclass is somewhat unfortunate,
+        # but is necessary for several reasons...
+        #
+        # NOTE: DO NOT call super() in any methods in this class
+        # That would call the methods on typing._ProtocolMeta on Python <=3.11
+        # and those are slow
+        def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+            if name == "Protocol" and len(bases) < 2:
+                pass
+            elif {Protocol, typing.Protocol} & set(bases):
+                for base in bases:
+                    if not (
+                        base in {object, typing.Generic, Protocol, typing.Protocol}
+                        or base.__name__ in _PROTO_ALLOWLIST.get(base.__module__, [])
+                        or is_protocol(base)
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"Protocols can only inherit from other protocols, "
+                            f"got {base!r}"
+                        )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+
+        def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            abc.ABCMeta.__init__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+            if getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                cls.__protocol_attrs__ = _get_protocol_attrs(cls)
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+            if (
+                getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False)
+                and not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                if not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False):
+                    _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(other)
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Instance and class checks can only be used with "
+                        "@runtime_checkable protocols"
+                    )
+                if (
+                    # this attribute is set by @runtime_checkable:
+                    cls.__non_callable_proto_members__
+                    and cls.__dict__.get("__subclasshook__") is _proto_hook
+                ):
+                    _type_check_issubclass_arg_1(other)
+                    non_method_attrs = sorted(cls.__non_callable_proto_members__)
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Protocols with non-method members don't support issubclass()."
+                        f" Non-method members: {str(non_method_attrs)[1:-1]}."
+                    )
+            return abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__(cls, other)
+
+        def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+            # We need this method for situations where attributes are
+            # assigned in __init__.
+            if cls is Protocol:
+                return type.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+            if not getattr(cls, "_is_protocol", False):
+                # i.e., it's a concrete subclass of a protocol
+                return abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance)
+
+            if (
+                not getattr(cls, '_is_runtime_protocol', False) and
+                not _allow_reckless_class_checks()
+            ):
+                raise TypeError("Instance and class checks can only be used with"
+                                " @runtime_checkable protocols")
+
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+                return True
+
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    val = inspect.getattr_static(instance, attr)
+                except AttributeError:
+                    break
+                # this attribute is set by @runtime_checkable:
+                if val is None and attr not in cls.__non_callable_proto_members__:
+                    break
+            else:
+                return True
+
+            return False
+
+        def __eq__(cls, other):
+            # Hack so that typing.Generic.__class_getitem__
+            # treats typing_extensions.Protocol
+            # as equivalent to typing.Protocol
+            if abc.ABCMeta.__eq__(cls, other) is True:
+                return True
+            return cls is Protocol and other is typing.Protocol
+
+        # This has to be defined, or the abc-module cache
+        # complains about classes with this metaclass being unhashable,
+        # if we define only __eq__!
+        def __hash__(cls) -> int:
+            return type.__hash__(cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _proto_hook(cls, other):
+        if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+            for base in other.__mro__:
+                # Check if the members appears in the class dictionary...
+                if attr in base.__dict__:
+                    if base.__dict__[attr] is None:
+                        return NotImplemented
+                    break
+
+                # ...or in annotations, if it is a sub-protocol.
+                annotations = getattr(base, '__annotations__', {})
+                if (
+                    isinstance(annotations, collections.abc.Mapping)
+                    and attr in annotations
+                    and is_protocol(other)
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                return NotImplemented
+        return True
+
+    class Protocol(typing.Generic, metaclass=_ProtocolMeta):
+        __doc__ = typing.Protocol.__doc__
+        __slots__ = ()
+        _is_protocol = True
+        _is_runtime_protocol = False
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            # Determine if this is a protocol or a concrete subclass.
+            if not cls.__dict__.get('_is_protocol', False):
+                cls._is_protocol = any(b is Protocol for b in cls.__bases__)
+
+            # Set (or override) the protocol subclass hook.
+            if '__subclasshook__' not in cls.__dict__:
+                cls.__subclasshook__ = _proto_hook
+
+            # Prohibit instantiation for protocol classes
+            if cls._is_protocol and cls.__init__ is Protocol.__init__:
+                cls.__init__ = _no_init
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/113401
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    runtime_checkable = typing.runtime_checkable
+else:
+    def runtime_checkable(cls):
+        """Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol.
+
+        Such protocol can be used with isinstance() and issubclass().
+        Raise TypeError if applied to a non-protocol class.
+        This allows a simple-minded structural check very similar to
+        one trick ponies in collections.abc such as Iterable.
+
+        For example::
+
+            @runtime_checkable
+            class Closable(Protocol):
+                def close(self): ...
+
+            assert isinstance(open('/some/file'), Closable)
+
+        Warning: this will check only the presence of the required methods,
+        not their type signatures!
+        """
+        if not issubclass(cls, typing.Generic) or not getattr(cls, '_is_protocol', False):
+            raise TypeError(f'@runtime_checkable can be only applied to protocol classes,'
+                            f' got {cls!r}')
+        cls._is_runtime_protocol = True
+
+        # typing.Protocol classes on <=3.11 break if we execute this block,
+        # because typing.Protocol classes on <=3.11 don't have a
+        # `__protocol_attrs__` attribute, and this block relies on the
+        # `__protocol_attrs__` attribute. Meanwhile, typing.Protocol classes on 3.12.2+
+        # break if we *don't* execute this block, because *they* assume that all
+        # protocol classes have a `__non_callable_proto_members__` attribute
+        # (which this block sets)
+        if isinstance(cls, _ProtocolMeta) or sys.version_info >= (3, 12, 2):
+            # PEP 544 prohibits using issubclass()
+            # with protocols that have non-method members.
+            # See gh-113320 for why we compute this attribute here,
+            # rather than in `_ProtocolMeta.__init__`
+            cls.__non_callable_proto_members__ = set()
+            for attr in cls.__protocol_attrs__:
+                try:
+                    is_callable = callable(getattr(cls, attr, None))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Failed to determine whether protocol member {attr!r} "
+                        "is a method member"
+                    ) from e
+                else:
+                    if not is_callable:
+                        cls.__non_callable_proto_members__.add(attr)
+
+        return cls
+
+
+# The "runtime" alias exists for backwards compatibility.
+runtime = runtime_checkable
+
+
+# Our version of runtime-checkable protocols is faster on Python <=3.11
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/112717
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    SupportsInt = typing.SupportsInt
+    SupportsFloat = typing.SupportsFloat
+    SupportsComplex = typing.SupportsComplex
+    SupportsBytes = typing.SupportsBytes
+    SupportsIndex = typing.SupportsIndex
+    SupportsAbs = typing.SupportsAbs
+    SupportsRound = typing.SupportsRound
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsInt(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __int__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __int__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsFloat(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __float__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __float__(self) -> float:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsComplex(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __complex__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __complex__(self) -> complex:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsBytes(Protocol):
+        """An ABC with one abstract method __bytes__."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsIndex(Protocol):
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __index__(self) -> int:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsAbs(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __abs__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __abs__(self) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class SupportsRound(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """
+        An ABC with one abstract method __round__ that is covariant in its return type.
+        """
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> T_co:
+            pass
+
+
+if hasattr(io, "Reader") and hasattr(io, "Writer"):
+    Reader = io.Reader
+    Writer = io.Writer
+else:
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class Reader(Protocol[T_co]):
+        """Protocol for simple I/O reader instances.
+
+        This protocol only supports blocking I/O.
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def read(self, size: int = ..., /) -> T_co:
+            """Read data from the input stream and return it.
+
+            If *size* is specified, at most *size* items (bytes/characters) will be
+            read.
+            """
+
+    @runtime_checkable
+    class Writer(Protocol[T_contra]):
+        """Protocol for simple I/O writer instances.
+
+        This protocol only supports blocking I/O.
+        """
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def write(self, data: T_contra, /) -> int:
+            """Write *data* to the output stream and return the number of items written."""  # noqa: E501
+
+
+_NEEDS_SINGLETONMETA = (
+    not hasattr(typing, "NoDefault") or not hasattr(typing, "NoExtraItems")
+)
+
+if _NEEDS_SINGLETONMETA:
+    class SingletonMeta(type):
+        def __setattr__(cls, attr, value):
+            # TypeError is consistent with the behavior of NoneType
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"cannot set {attr!r} attribute of immutable type {cls.__name__!r}"
+            )
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "NoDefault"):
+    NoDefault = typing.NoDefault
+else:
+    class NoDefaultType(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
+        """The type of the NoDefault singleton."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls):
+            return globals().get("NoDefault") or object.__new__(cls)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "typing_extensions.NoDefault"
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return "NoDefault"
+
+    NoDefault = NoDefaultType()
+    del NoDefaultType
+
+if hasattr(typing, "NoExtraItems"):
+    NoExtraItems = typing.NoExtraItems
+else:
+    class NoExtraItemsType(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
+        """The type of the NoExtraItems singleton."""
+
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __new__(cls):
+            return globals().get("NoExtraItems") or object.__new__(cls)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "typing_extensions.NoExtraItems"
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return "NoExtraItems"
+
+    NoExtraItems = NoExtraItemsType()
+    del NoExtraItemsType
+
+if _NEEDS_SINGLETONMETA:
+    del SingletonMeta
+
+
+# Update this to something like >=3.13.0b1 if and when
+# PEP 728 is implemented in CPython
+_PEP_728_IMPLEMENTED = False
+
+if _PEP_728_IMPLEMENTED:
+    # The standard library TypedDict in Python 3.9.0/1 does not honour the "total"
+    # keyword with old-style TypedDict().  See https://bugs.python.org/issue42059
+    # The standard library TypedDict below Python 3.11 does not store runtime
+    # information about optional and required keys when using Required or NotRequired.
+    # Generic TypedDicts are also impossible using typing.TypedDict on Python <3.11.
+    # Aaaand on 3.12 we add __orig_bases__ to TypedDict
+    # to enable better runtime introspection.
+    # On 3.13 we deprecate some odd ways of creating TypedDicts.
+    # Also on 3.13, PEP 705 adds the ReadOnly[] qualifier.
+    # PEP 728 (still pending) makes more changes.
+    TypedDict = typing.TypedDict
+    _TypedDictMeta = typing._TypedDictMeta
+    is_typeddict = typing.is_typeddict
+else:
+    # 3.10.0 and later
+    _TAKES_MODULE = "module" in inspect.signature(typing._type_check).parameters
+
+    def _get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type):
+        while True:
+            annotation_origin = get_origin(annotation_type)
+            if annotation_origin is Annotated:
+                annotation_args = get_args(annotation_type)
+                if annotation_args:
+                    annotation_type = annotation_args[0]
+                else:
+                    break
+            elif annotation_origin is Required:
+                yield Required
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            elif annotation_origin is NotRequired:
+                yield NotRequired
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            elif annotation_origin is ReadOnly:
+                yield ReadOnly
+                annotation_type, = get_args(annotation_type)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    class _TypedDictMeta(type):
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, *, total=True, closed=None,
+                    extra_items=NoExtraItems):
+            """Create new typed dict class object.
+
+            This method is called when TypedDict is subclassed,
+            or when TypedDict is instantiated. This way
+            TypedDict supports all three syntax forms described in its docstring.
+            Subclasses and instances of TypedDict return actual dictionaries.
+            """
+            for base in bases:
+                if type(base) is not _TypedDictMeta and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError('cannot inherit from both a TypedDict type '
+                                    'and a non-TypedDict base class')
+            if closed is not None and extra_items is not NoExtraItems:
+                raise TypeError(f"Cannot combine closed={closed!r} and extra_items")
+
+            if any(issubclass(b, typing.Generic) for b in bases):
+                generic_base = (typing.Generic,)
+            else:
+                generic_base = ()
+
+            ns_annotations = ns.pop('__annotations__', None)
+
+            # typing.py generally doesn't let you inherit from plain Generic, unless
+            # the name of the class happens to be "Protocol"
+            tp_dict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, "Protocol", (*generic_base, dict), ns)
+            tp_dict.__name__ = name
+            if tp_dict.__qualname__ == "Protocol":
+                tp_dict.__qualname__ = name
+
+            if not hasattr(tp_dict, '__orig_bases__'):
+                tp_dict.__orig_bases__ = bases
+
+            annotations = {}
+            own_annotate = None
+            if ns_annotations is not None:
+                own_annotations = ns_annotations
+            elif sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                if hasattr(annotationlib, "get_annotate_from_class_namespace"):
+                    own_annotate = annotationlib.get_annotate_from_class_namespace(ns)
+                else:
+                    # 3.14.0a7 and earlier
+                    own_annotate = ns.get("__annotate__")
+                if own_annotate is not None:
+                    own_annotations = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                        own_annotate, Format.FORWARDREF, owner=tp_dict
+                    )
+                else:
+                    own_annotations = {}
+            else:
+                own_annotations = {}
+            msg = "TypedDict('Name', {f0: t0, f1: t1, ...}); each t must be a type"
+            if _TAKES_MODULE:
+                own_checked_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            else:
+                own_checked_annotations = {
+                    n: typing._type_check(tp, msg)
+                    for n, tp in own_annotations.items()
+                }
+            required_keys = set()
+            optional_keys = set()
+            readonly_keys = set()
+            mutable_keys = set()
+            extra_items_type = extra_items
+
+            for base in bases:
+                base_dict = base.__dict__
+
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 14):
+                    annotations.update(base_dict.get('__annotations__', {}))
+                required_keys.update(base_dict.get('__required_keys__', ()))
+                optional_keys.update(base_dict.get('__optional_keys__', ()))
+                readonly_keys.update(base_dict.get('__readonly_keys__', ()))
+                mutable_keys.update(base_dict.get('__mutable_keys__', ()))
+
+            # This was specified in an earlier version of PEP 728. Support
+            # is retained for backwards compatibility, but only for Python
+            # 3.13 and lower.
+            if (closed and sys.version_info < (3, 14)
+                       and "__extra_items__" in own_checked_annotations):
+                annotation_type = own_checked_annotations.pop("__extra_items__")
+                qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
+                if Required in qualifiers:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Special key __extra_items__ does not support "
+                        "Required"
+                    )
+                if NotRequired in qualifiers:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Special key __extra_items__ does not support "
+                        "NotRequired"
+                    )
+                extra_items_type = annotation_type
+
+            annotations.update(own_checked_annotations)
+            for annotation_key, annotation_type in own_checked_annotations.items():
+                qualifiers = set(_get_typeddict_qualifiers(annotation_type))
+
+                if Required in qualifiers:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif NotRequired in qualifiers:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                elif total:
+                    required_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    optional_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                if ReadOnly in qualifiers:
+                    mutable_keys.discard(annotation_key)
+                    readonly_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                else:
+                    mutable_keys.add(annotation_key)
+                    readonly_keys.discard(annotation_key)
+
+            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119891
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                def __annotate__(format):
+                    annos = {}
+                    for base in bases:
+                        if base is Generic:
+                            continue
+                        base_annotate = base.__annotate__
+                        if base_annotate is None:
+                            continue
+                        base_annos = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                            base_annotate, format, owner=base)
+                        annos.update(base_annos)
+                    if own_annotate is not None:
+                        own = annotationlib.call_annotate_function(
+                            own_annotate, format, owner=tp_dict)
+                        if format != Format.STRING:
+                            own = {
+                                n: typing._type_check(tp, msg, module=tp_dict.__module__)
+                                for n, tp in own.items()
+                            }
+                    elif format == Format.STRING:
+                        own = annotationlib.annotations_to_string(own_annotations)
+                    elif format in (Format.FORWARDREF, Format.VALUE):
+                        own = own_checked_annotations
+                    else:
+                        raise NotImplementedError(format)
+                    annos.update(own)
+                    return annos
+
+                tp_dict.__annotate__ = __annotate__
+            else:
+                tp_dict.__annotations__ = annotations
+            tp_dict.__required_keys__ = frozenset(required_keys)
+            tp_dict.__optional_keys__ = frozenset(optional_keys)
+            tp_dict.__readonly_keys__ = frozenset(readonly_keys)
+            tp_dict.__mutable_keys__ = frozenset(mutable_keys)
+            tp_dict.__total__ = total
+            tp_dict.__closed__ = closed
+            tp_dict.__extra_items__ = extra_items_type
+            return tp_dict
+
+        __call__ = dict  # static method
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, other):
+            # Typed dicts are only for static structural subtyping.
+            raise TypeError('TypedDict does not support instance and class checks')
+
+        __instancecheck__ = __subclasscheck__
+
+    _TypedDict = type.__new__(_TypedDictMeta, 'TypedDict', (), {})
+
+    def _create_typeddict(
+        typename,
+        fields,
+        /,
+        *,
+        typing_is_inline,
+        total,
+        closed,
+        extra_items,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if fields is _marker or fields is None:
+            if fields is _marker:
+                deprecated_thing = (
+                    "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+
+            example = f"`{typename} = TypedDict({typename!r}, {{}})`"
+            deprecation_msg = (
+                f"{deprecated_thing} is deprecated and will be disallowed in "
+                "Python 3.15. To create a TypedDict class with 0 fields "
+                "using the functional syntax, pass an empty dictionary, e.g. "
+            ) + example + "."
+            warnings.warn(deprecation_msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            # Support a field called "closed"
+            if closed is not False and closed is not True and closed is not None:
+                kwargs["closed"] = closed
+                closed = None
+            # Or "extra_items"
+            if extra_items is not NoExtraItems:
+                kwargs["extra_items"] = extra_items
+                extra_items = NoExtraItems
+            fields = kwargs
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("TypedDict takes either a dict or keyword arguments,"
+                            " but not both")
+        if kwargs:
+            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/104891
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+                raise TypeError("TypedDict takes no keyword arguments")
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The kwargs-based syntax for TypedDict definitions is deprecated "
+                "in Python 3.11, will be removed in Python 3.13, and may not be "
+                "understood by third-party type checkers.",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+
+        ns = {'__annotations__': dict(fields)}
+        module = _caller(depth=4 if typing_is_inline else 2)
+        if module is not None:
+            # Setting correct module is necessary to make typed dict classes
+            # pickleable.
+            ns['__module__'] = module
+
+        td = _TypedDictMeta(typename, (), ns, total=total, closed=closed,
+                            extra_items=extra_items)
+        td.__orig_bases__ = (TypedDict,)
+        return td
+
+    class _TypedDictSpecialForm(_SpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __call__(
+            self,
+            typename,
+            fields=_marker,
+            /,
+            *,
+            total=True,
+            closed=None,
+            extra_items=NoExtraItems,
+            **kwargs
+        ):
+            return _create_typeddict(
+                typename,
+                fields,
+                typing_is_inline=False,
+                total=total,
+                closed=closed,
+                extra_items=extra_items,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            return (_TypedDict,)
+
+    @_TypedDictSpecialForm
+    def TypedDict(self, args):
+        """A simple typed namespace. At runtime it is equivalent to a plain dict.
+
+        TypedDict creates a dictionary type such that a type checker will expect all
+        instances to have a certain set of keys, where each key is
+        associated with a value of a consistent type. This expectation
+        is not checked at runtime.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+                label: str
+
+            a: Point2D = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'label': 'good'}  # OK
+            b: Point2D = {'z': 3, 'label': 'bad'}           # Fails type check
+
+            assert Point2D(x=1, y=2, label='first') == dict(x=1, y=2, label='first')
+
+        The type info can be accessed via the Point2D.__annotations__ dict, and
+        the Point2D.__required_keys__ and Point2D.__optional_keys__ frozensets.
+        TypedDict supports an additional equivalent form::
+
+            Point2D = TypedDict('Point2D', {'x': int, 'y': int, 'label': str})
+
+        By default, all keys must be present in a TypedDict. It is possible
+        to override this by specifying totality::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False):
+                x: int
+                y: int
+
+        This means that a Point2D TypedDict can have any of the keys omitted. A type
+        checker is only expected to support a literal False or True as the value of
+        the total argument. True is the default, and makes all items defined in the
+        class body be required.
+
+        The Required and NotRequired special forms can also be used to mark
+        individual keys as being required or not required::
+
+            class Point2D(TypedDict):
+                x: int  # the "x" key must always be present (Required is the default)
+                y: NotRequired[int]  # the "y" key can be omitted
+
+        See PEP 655 for more details on Required and NotRequired.
+        """
+        # This runs when creating inline TypedDicts:
+        if not isinstance(args, dict):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "TypedDict[...] should be used with a single dict argument"
+            )
+
+        return _create_typeddict(
+            "<inline TypedDict>",
+            args,
+            typing_is_inline=True,
+            total=True,
+            closed=True,
+            extra_items=NoExtraItems,
+        )
+
+    _TYPEDDICT_TYPES = (typing._TypedDictMeta, _TypedDictMeta)
+
+    def is_typeddict(tp):
+        """Check if an annotation is a TypedDict class
+
+        For example::
+            class Film(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: int
+
+            is_typeddict(Film)  # => True
+            is_typeddict(Union[list, str])  # => False
+        """
+        return isinstance(tp, _TYPEDDICT_TYPES)
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_type"):
+    assert_type = typing.assert_type
+
+else:
+    def assert_type(val, typ, /):
+        """Assert (to the type checker) that the value is of the given type.
+
+        When the type checker encounters a call to assert_type(), it
+        emits an error if the value is not of the specified type::
+
+            def greet(name: str) -> None:
+                assert_type(name, str)  # ok
+                assert_type(name, int)  # type checker error
+
+        At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged and otherwise
+        does nothing.
+        """
+        return val
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "ReadOnly"):  # 3.13+
+    get_type_hints = typing.get_type_hints
+else:  # <=3.13
+    # replaces _strip_annotations()
+    def _strip_extras(t):
+        """Strips Annotated, Required and NotRequired from a given type."""
+        if isinstance(t, typing._AnnotatedAlias):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__origin__)
+        if hasattr(t, "__origin__") and t.__origin__ in (Required, NotRequired, ReadOnly):
+            return _strip_extras(t.__args__[0])
+        if isinstance(t, typing._GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return t.copy_with(stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") and isinstance(t, _types.GenericAlias):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return _types.GenericAlias(t.__origin__, stripped_args)
+        if hasattr(_types, "UnionType") and isinstance(t, _types.UnionType):
+            stripped_args = tuple(_strip_extras(a) for a in t.__args__)
+            if stripped_args == t.__args__:
+                return t
+            return functools.reduce(operator.or_, stripped_args)
+
+        return t
+
+    def get_type_hints(obj, globalns=None, localns=None, include_extras=False):
+        """Return type hints for an object.
+
+        This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles
+        forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a
+        default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all
+        'Annotated[T, ...]', 'Required[T]' or 'NotRequired[T]' with 'T'
+        (unless 'include_extras=True').
+
+        The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations
+        are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also
+        inherited members.
+
+        TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain
+        annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are
+        present.
+
+        BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive
+        (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work).  The
+        search order is locals first, then globals.
+
+        - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the
+          globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes),
+          and these are also used as the locals.  If the object does not appear
+          to have globals, an empty dictionary is used.
+
+        - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and
+          locals.
+
+        - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and
+          locals, respectively.
+        """
+        hint = typing.get_type_hints(
+            obj, globalns=globalns, localns=localns, include_extras=True
+        )
+        # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30304
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            _clean_optional(obj, hint, globalns, localns)
+        if include_extras:
+            return hint
+        return {k: _strip_extras(t) for k, t in hint.items()}
+
+    _NoneType = type(None)
+
+    def _could_be_inserted_optional(t):
+        """detects Union[..., None] pattern"""
+        if not isinstance(t, typing._UnionGenericAlias):
+            return False
+        # Assume if last argument is not None they are user defined
+        if t.__args__[-1] is not _NoneType:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    # < 3.11
+    def _clean_optional(obj, hints, globalns=None, localns=None):
+        # reverts injected Union[..., None] cases from typing.get_type_hints
+        # when a None default value is used.
+        # see https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/issues/310
+        if not hints or isinstance(obj, type):
+            return
+        defaults = typing._get_defaults(obj)  # avoid accessing __annotations___
+        if not defaults:
+            return
+        original_hints = obj.__annotations__
+        for name, value in hints.items():
+            # Not a Union[..., None] or replacement conditions not fullfilled
+            if (not _could_be_inserted_optional(value)
+                or name not in defaults
+                or defaults[name] is not None
+            ):
+                continue
+            original_value = original_hints[name]
+            # value=NoneType should have caused a skip above but check for safety
+            if original_value is None:
+                original_value = _NoneType
+            # Forward reference
+            if isinstance(original_value, str):
+                if globalns is None:
+                    if isinstance(obj, _types.ModuleType):
+                        globalns = obj.__dict__
+                    else:
+                        nsobj = obj
+                        # Find globalns for the unwrapped object.
+                        while hasattr(nsobj, '__wrapped__'):
+                            nsobj = nsobj.__wrapped__
+                        globalns = getattr(nsobj, '__globals__', {})
+                    if localns is None:
+                        localns = globalns
+                elif localns is None:
+                    localns = globalns
+
+                original_value = ForwardRef(
+                    original_value,
+                    is_argument=not isinstance(obj, _types.ModuleType)
+                )
+            original_evaluated = typing._eval_type(original_value, globalns, localns)
+            # Compare if values differ. Note that even if equal
+            # value might be cached by typing._tp_cache contrary to original_evaluated
+            if original_evaluated != value or (
+                # 3.10: ForwardRefs of UnionType might be turned into _UnionGenericAlias
+                hasattr(_types, "UnionType")
+                and isinstance(original_evaluated, _types.UnionType)
+                and not isinstance(value, _types.UnionType)
+            ):
+                hints[name] = original_evaluated
+
+# Python 3.9 has get_origin() and get_args() but those implementations don't support
+# ParamSpecArgs and ParamSpecKwargs, so only Python 3.10's versions will do.
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/25298
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    get_origin = typing.get_origin
+    get_args = typing.get_args
+# 3.9
+else:
+    def get_origin(tp):
+        """Get the unsubscripted version of a type.
+
+        This supports generic types, Callable, Tuple, Union, Literal, Final, ClassVar
+        and Annotated. Return None for unsupported types. Examples::
+
+            get_origin(Literal[42]) is Literal
+            get_origin(int) is None
+            get_origin(ClassVar[int]) is ClassVar
+            get_origin(Generic) is Generic
+            get_origin(Generic[T]) is Generic
+            get_origin(Union[T, int]) is Union
+            get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]) == list
+            get_origin(P.args) is P
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, typing._AnnotatedAlias):
+            return Annotated
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._BaseGenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias,
+                           ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs)):
+            return tp.__origin__
+        if tp is typing.Generic:
+            return typing.Generic
+        return None
+
+    def get_args(tp):
+        """Get type arguments with all substitutions performed.
+
+        For unions, basic simplifications used by Union constructor are performed.
+        Examples::
+            get_args(Dict[str, int]) == (str, int)
+            get_args(int) == ()
+            get_args(Union[int, Union[T, int], str][int]) == (int, str)
+            get_args(Union[int, Tuple[T, int]][str]) == (int, Tuple[str, int])
+            get_args(Callable[[], T][int]) == ([], int)
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, typing._AnnotatedAlias):
+            return (tp.__origin__, *tp.__metadata__)
+        if isinstance(tp, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)):
+            res = tp.__args__
+            if get_origin(tp) is collections.abc.Callable and res[0] is not Ellipsis:
+                res = (list(res[:-1]), res[-1])
+            return res
+        return ()
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeAlias'):
+    TypeAlias = typing.TypeAlias
+# 3.9
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeAlias(self, parameters):
+        """Special marker indicating that an assignment should
+        be recognized as a proper type alias definition by type
+        checkers.
+
+        For example::
+
+            Predicate: TypeAlias = Callable[..., bool]
+
+        It's invalid when used anywhere except as in the example above.
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+def _set_default(type_param, default):
+    type_param.has_default = lambda: default is not NoDefault
+    type_param.__default__ = default
+
+
+def _set_module(typevarlike):
+    # for pickling:
+    def_mod = _caller(depth=2)
+    if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+        typevarlike.__module__ = def_mod
+
+
+class _DefaultMixin:
+    """Mixin for TypeVarLike defaults."""
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    __init__ = _set_default
+
+
+# Classes using this metaclass must provide a _backported_typevarlike ClassVar
+class _TypeVarLikeMeta(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, __instance: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(__instance, cls._backported_typevarlike)
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import TypeVar
+else:
+    # Add default and infer_variance parameters from PEP 696 and 695
+    class TypeVar(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *constraints, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    default=NoDefault, infer_variance=False):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented (3.12+), can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                         covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant,
+                                         infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                typevar = typing.TypeVar(name, *constraints, bound=bound,
+                                         covariant=covariant, contravariant=contravariant)
+                if infer_variance and (covariant or contravariant):
+                    raise ValueError("Variance cannot be specified with infer_variance.")
+                typevar.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(typevar, default)
+            _set_module(typevar)
+
+            def _tvar_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                if (
+                    typevar.has_default()
+                    and alias.__parameters__.index(typevar) == len(args)
+                ):
+                    args += (typevar.__default__,)
+                return args
+
+            typevar.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _tvar_prepare_subst
+            return typevar
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+
+# Python 3.10+ has PEP 612
+if hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpecArgs'):
+    ParamSpecArgs = typing.ParamSpecArgs
+    ParamSpecKwargs = typing.ParamSpecKwargs
+# 3.9
+else:
+    class _Immutable:
+        """Mixin to indicate that object should not be copied."""
+        __slots__ = ()
+
+        def __copy__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+            return self
+
+    class ParamSpecArgs(_Immutable):
+        """The args for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.args is an instance of ParamSpecArgs.
+
+        ParamSpecArgs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.args.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.args"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecArgs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+    class ParamSpecKwargs(_Immutable):
+        """The kwargs for a ParamSpec object.
+
+        Given a ParamSpec object P, P.kwargs is an instance of ParamSpecKwargs.
+
+        ParamSpecKwargs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec:
+
+        P.kwargs.__origin__ is P
+
+        This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to
+        static type checkers.
+        """
+        def __init__(self, origin):
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f"{self.__origin__.__name__}.kwargs"
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            if not isinstance(other, ParamSpecKwargs):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.__origin__ == other.__origin__
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+
+# 3.10+
+elif hasattr(typing, 'ParamSpec'):
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class ParamSpec(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Parameter specification."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.ParamSpec
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, bound=None,
+                    covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                    infer_variance=False, default=NoDefault):
+            if hasattr(typing, "TypeAliasType"):
+                # PEP 695 implemented, can pass infer_variance to typing.TypeVar
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant,
+                                             infer_variance=infer_variance)
+            else:
+                paramspec = typing.ParamSpec(name, bound=bound,
+                                             covariant=covariant,
+                                             contravariant=contravariant)
+                paramspec.__infer_variance__ = infer_variance
+
+            _set_default(paramspec, default)
+            _set_module(paramspec)
+
+            def _paramspec_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                params = alias.__parameters__
+                i = params.index(paramspec)
+                if i == len(args) and paramspec.has_default():
+                    args = [*args, paramspec.__default__]
+                if i >= len(args):
+                    raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {alias}")
+                # Special case where Z[[int, str, bool]] == Z[int, str, bool] in PEP 612.
+                if len(params) == 1 and not typing._is_param_expr(args[0]):
+                    assert i == 0
+                    args = (args,)
+                # Convert lists to tuples to help other libraries cache the results.
+                elif isinstance(args[i], list):
+                    args = (*args[:i], tuple(args[i]), *args[i + 1:])
+                return args
+
+            paramspec.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _paramspec_prepare_subst
+            return paramspec
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
+            raise TypeError(f"type '{__name__}.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base type")
+
+# 3.9
+else:
+
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+    class ParamSpec(list, _DefaultMixin):
+        """Parameter specification variable.
+
+        Usage::
+
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+        Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static
+        type checkers.  They are used to forward the parameter types of one
+        callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in higher order
+        functions and decorators.  They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``,
+        or s the first argument to ``Callable``. In Python 3.10 and higher,
+        they are also supported in user-defined Generics at runtime.
+        See class Generic for more information on generic types.  An
+        example for annotating a decorator::
+
+           T = TypeVar('T')
+           P = ParamSpec('P')
+
+           def add_logging(f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
+               '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.'''
+               def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+                   logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called')
+                   return f(*args, **kwargs)
+               return inner
+
+           @add_logging
+           def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float:
+               '''Add two numbers together.'''
+               return x + y
+
+        Parameter specification variables defined with covariant=True or
+        contravariant=True can be used to declare covariant or contravariant
+        generic types.  These keyword arguments are valid, but their actual semantics
+        are yet to be decided.  See PEP 612 for details.
+
+        Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.:
+
+           P.__name__ == 'T'
+           P.__bound__ == None
+           P.__covariant__ == False
+           P.__contravariant__ == False
+
+        Note that only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can
+        be pickled.
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def args(self):
+            return ParamSpecArgs(self)
+
+        @property
+        def kwargs(self):
+            return ParamSpecKwargs(self)
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, bound=None, covariant=False, contravariant=False,
+                     infer_variance=False, default=NoDefault):
+            list.__init__(self, [self])
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__covariant__ = bool(covariant)
+            self.__contravariant__ = bool(contravariant)
+            self.__infer_variance__ = bool(infer_variance)
+            if bound:
+                self.__bound__ = typing._type_check(bound, 'Bound must be a type.')
+            else:
+                self.__bound__ = None
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            if self.__infer_variance__:
+                prefix = ''
+            elif self.__covariant__:
+                prefix = '+'
+            elif self.__contravariant__:
+                prefix = '-'
+            else:
+                prefix = '~'
+            return prefix + self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+
+# 3.9
+if not hasattr(typing, 'Concatenate'):
+    # Inherits from list as a workaround for Callable checks in Python < 3.9.2.
+
+    # 3.9.0-1
+    if not hasattr(typing, '_type_convert'):
+        def _type_convert(arg, module=None, *, allow_special_forms=False):
+            """For converting None to type(None), and strings to ForwardRef."""
+            if arg is None:
+                return type(None)
+            if isinstance(arg, str):
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 9, 6):
+                    return ForwardRef(arg)
+                if sys.version_info <= (3, 9, 7):
+                    return ForwardRef(arg, module=module)
+                return ForwardRef(arg, module=module, is_class=allow_special_forms)
+            return arg
+    else:
+        _type_convert = typing._type_convert
+
+    class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(list):
+
+        # Trick Generic into looking into this for __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing._GenericAlias
+
+        def __init__(self, origin, args):
+            super().__init__(args)
+            self.__origin__ = origin
+            self.__args__ = args
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            _type_repr = typing._type_repr
+            return (f'{_type_repr(self.__origin__)}'
+                    f'[{", ".join(_type_repr(arg) for arg in self.__args__)}]')
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return hash((self.__origin__, self.__args__))
+
+        # Hack to get typing._type_check to pass in Generic.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @property
+        def __parameters__(self):
+            return tuple(
+                tp for tp in self.__args__ if isinstance(tp, (typing.TypeVar, ParamSpec))
+            )
+
+        # 3.9 used by __getitem__ below
+        def copy_with(self, params):
+            if isinstance(params[-1], _ConcatenateGenericAlias):
+                params = (*params[:-1], *params[-1].__args__)
+            elif isinstance(params[-1], (list, tuple)):
+                return (*params[:-1], *params[-1])
+            elif (not (params[-1] is ... or isinstance(params[-1], ParamSpec))):
+                raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
+            return self.__class__(self.__origin__, params)
+
+        # 3.9; accessed during GenericAlias.__getitem__ when substituting
+        def __getitem__(self, args):
+            if self.__origin__ in (Generic, Protocol):
+                # Can't subscript Generic[...] or Protocol[...].
+                raise TypeError(f"Cannot subscript already-subscripted {self}")
+            if not self.__parameters__:
+                raise TypeError(f"{self} is not a generic class")
+
+            if not isinstance(args, tuple):
+                args = (args,)
+            args = _unpack_args(*(_type_convert(p) for p in args))
+            params = self.__parameters__
+            for param in params:
+                prepare = getattr(param, "__typing_prepare_subst__", None)
+                if prepare is not None:
+                    args = prepare(self, args)
+                # 3.9 & typing.ParamSpec
+                elif isinstance(param, ParamSpec):
+                    i = params.index(param)
+                    if (
+                        i == len(args)
+                        and getattr(param, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        args = [*args, param.__default__]
+                    if i >= len(args):
+                        raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {self}")
+                    # Special case for Z[[int, str, bool]] == Z[int, str, bool]
+                    if len(params) == 1 and not _is_param_expr(args[0]):
+                        assert i == 0
+                        args = (args,)
+                    elif (
+                        isinstance(args[i], list)
+                        # 3.9
+                        # This class inherits from list do not convert
+                        and not isinstance(args[i], _ConcatenateGenericAlias)
+                    ):
+                        args = (*args[:i], tuple(args[i]), *args[i + 1:])
+
+            alen = len(args)
+            plen = len(params)
+            if alen != plen:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Too {'many' if alen > plen else 'few'} arguments for {self};"
+                    f" actual {alen}, expected {plen}"
+                )
+
+            subst = dict(zip(self.__parameters__, args))
+            # determine new args
+            new_args = []
+            for arg in self.__args__:
+                if isinstance(arg, type):
+                    new_args.append(arg)
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(arg, TypeVar):
+                    arg = subst[arg]
+                    if (
+                        (isinstance(arg, typing._GenericAlias) and _is_unpack(arg))
+                        or (
+                            hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias")
+                            and isinstance(arg, _types.GenericAlias)
+                            and getattr(arg, "__unpacked__", False)
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{arg} is not valid as type argument")
+
+                elif isinstance(arg,
+                    typing._GenericAlias
+                    if not hasattr(_types, "GenericAlias") else
+                    (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)
+                ):
+                    subparams = arg.__parameters__
+                    if subparams:
+                        subargs = tuple(subst[x] for x in subparams)
+                        arg = arg[subargs]
+                new_args.append(arg)
+            return self.copy_with(tuple(new_args))
+
+# 3.10+
+else:
+    _ConcatenateGenericAlias = typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias
+
+    # 3.10
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+
+        class _ConcatenateGenericAlias(typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias, _root=True):
+            # needed for checks in collections.abc.Callable to accept this class
+            __module__ = "typing"
+
+            def copy_with(self, params):
+                if isinstance(params[-1], (list, tuple)):
+                    return (*params[:-1], *params[-1])
+                if isinstance(params[-1], typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias):
+                    params = (*params[:-1], *params[-1].__args__)
+                elif not (params[-1] is ... or isinstance(params[-1], ParamSpec)):
+                    raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                            "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
+                return super(typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias, self).copy_with(params)
+
+            def __getitem__(self, args):
+                value = super().__getitem__(args)
+                if isinstance(value, tuple) and any(_is_unpack(t) for t in value):
+                    return tuple(_unpack_args(*(n for n in value)))
+                return value
+
+
+# 3.9.2
+class _EllipsisDummy: ...
+
+
+# <=3.10
+def _create_concatenate_alias(origin, parameters):
+    if parameters[-1] is ... and sys.version_info < (3, 9, 2):
+        # Hack: Arguments must be types, replace it with one.
+        parameters = (*parameters[:-1], _EllipsisDummy)
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 3):
+        concatenate = _ConcatenateGenericAlias(origin, parameters,
+                                        _typevar_types=(TypeVar, ParamSpec),
+                                        _paramspec_tvars=True)
+    else:
+        concatenate = _ConcatenateGenericAlias(origin, parameters)
+    if parameters[-1] is not _EllipsisDummy:
+        return concatenate
+    # Remove dummy again
+    concatenate.__args__ = tuple(p if p is not _EllipsisDummy else ...
+                                    for p in concatenate.__args__)
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        # backport needs __args__ adjustment only
+        return concatenate
+    concatenate.__parameters__ = tuple(p for p in concatenate.__parameters__
+                                        if p is not _EllipsisDummy)
+    return concatenate
+
+
+# <=3.10
+@typing._tp_cache
+def _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters):
+    if parameters == ():
+        raise TypeError("Cannot take a Concatenate of no types.")
+    if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+        parameters = (parameters,)
+    if not (parameters[-1] is ... or isinstance(parameters[-1], ParamSpec)):
+        raise TypeError("The last parameter to Concatenate should be a "
+                        "ParamSpec variable or ellipsis.")
+    msg = "Concatenate[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type."
+    parameters = (*(typing._type_check(p, msg) for p in parameters[:-1]),
+                    parameters[-1])
+    return _create_concatenate_alias(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.11+; Concatenate does not accept ellipsis in 3.10
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30969
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    Concatenate = typing.Concatenate
+# <=3.10
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Concatenate(self, parameters):
+        """Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a
+        higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a
+        callable.
+
+        For example::
+
+           Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int]
+
+        See PEP 612 for detailed information.
+        """
+        return _concatenate_getitem(self, parameters)
+
+
+# 3.10+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeGuard'):
+    TypeGuard = typing.TypeGuard
+# 3.9
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeGuard(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type guard function.  ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the type inside ``TypeGuard``.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_str(val: Union[str, float]):
+                # "isinstance" type guard
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str``
+                    ...
+                else:
+                    # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``.
+                    ...
+
+        Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower
+        form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to
+        type-unsafe results.  The main reason is to allow for things like
+        narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not
+        a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant.  The responsibility of
+        writing type-safe type guards is left to the user.
+
+        ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+# 3.13+
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeIs'):
+    TypeIs = typing.TypeIs
+# <=3.12
+else:
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def TypeIs(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined
+        type narrower function.  ``TypeIs`` only accepts a single type argument.
+        At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean.
+
+        ``TypeIs`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static
+        type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a
+        program's code flow.  Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing
+        conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code.  The
+        conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard".
+
+        Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function
+        as a type guard.  Such a function should use ``TypeIs[...]`` as its
+        return type to alert static type checkers to this intention.
+
+        Using  ``-> TypeIs`` tells the static type checker that for a given
+        function:
+
+        1. The return value is a boolean.
+        2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument
+        is the intersection of the type inside ``TypeIs`` and the argument's
+        previously known type.
+
+        For example::
+
+            def is_awaitable(val: object) -> TypeIs[Awaitable[Any]]:
+                return hasattr(val, '__await__')
+
+            def f(val: Union[int, Awaitable[int]]) -> int:
+                if is_awaitable(val):
+                    assert_type(val, Awaitable[int])
+                else:
+                    assert_type(val, int)
+
+        ``TypeIs`` also works with type variables.  For more information, see
+        PEP 742 (Narrowing types with TypeIs).
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+# 3.14+?
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeForm'):
+    TypeForm = typing.TypeForm
+# <=3.13
+else:
+    class _TypeFormForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        # TypeForm(X) is equivalent to X but indicates to the type checker
+        # that the object is a TypeForm.
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+    @_TypeFormForm
+    def TypeForm(self, parameters):
+        """A special form representing the value that results from the evaluation
+        of a type expression. This value encodes the information supplied in the
+        type expression, and it represents the type described by that type expression.
+
+        When used in a type expression, TypeForm describes a set of type form objects.
+        It accepts a single type argument, which must be a valid type expression.
+        ``TypeForm[T]`` describes the set of all type form objects that represent
+        the type T or types that are assignable to T.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            def cast[T](typ: TypeForm[T], value: Any) -> T: ...
+
+            reveal_type(cast(int, "x"))  # int
+
+        See PEP 747 for more information.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "LiteralString"):  # 3.11+
+    LiteralString = typing.LiteralString
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def LiteralString(self, params):
+        """Represents an arbitrary literal string.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing_extensions import LiteralString
+
+          def query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...:
+              ...
+
+          query("SELECT * FROM table")  # ok
+          query(f"SELECT * FROM {input()}")  # not ok
+
+        See PEP 675 for details.
+
+        """
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Self"):  # 3.11+
+    Self = typing.Self
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Self(self, params):
+        """Used to spell the type of "self" in classes.
+
+        Example::
+
+          from typing import Self
+
+          class ReturnsSelf:
+              def parse(self, data: bytes) -> Self:
+                  ...
+                  return self
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Never"):  # 3.11+
+    Never = typing.Never
+else:
+    @_SpecialForm
+    def Never(self, params):
+        """The bottom type, a type that has no members.
+
+        This can be used to define a function that should never be
+        called, or a function that never returns::
+
+            from typing_extensions import Never
+
+            def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None:
+                pass
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                never_call_me(arg)  # type checker error
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        never_call_me(arg)  # ok, arg is of type Never
+
+        """
+
+        raise TypeError(f"{self} is not subscriptable")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'Required'):  # 3.11+
+    Required = typing.Required
+    NotRequired = typing.NotRequired
+else:  # <=3.10
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def Required(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict
+        as required. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):
+                title: Required[str]
+                year: int
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+
+        There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided
+        when instantiating a related TypedDict.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def NotRequired(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as
+        potentially missing. For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: str
+                year: NotRequired[int]
+
+            m = Movie(
+                title='The Matrix',  # typechecker error if key is omitted
+                year=1999,
+            )
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, 'ReadOnly'):
+    ReadOnly = typing.ReadOnly
+else:  # <=3.12
+    @_ExtensionsSpecialForm
+    def ReadOnly(self, parameters):
+        """A special typing construct to mark an item of a TypedDict as read-only.
+
+        For example:
+
+            class Movie(TypedDict):
+                title: ReadOnly[str]
+                year: int
+
+            def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None:
+                m["year"] = 1992  # allowed
+                m["title"] = "The Matrix"  # typechecker error
+
+        There is no runtime checking for this property.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+
+_UNPACK_DOC = """\
+Type unpack operator.
+
+The type unpack operator takes the child types from some container type,
+such as `tuple[int, str]` or a `TypeVarTuple`, and 'pulls them out'. For
+example:
+
+  # For some generic class `Foo`:
+  Foo[Unpack[tuple[int, str]]]  # Equivalent to Foo[int, str]
+
+  Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+  # Specifies that `Bar` is generic in an arbitrary number of types.
+  # (Think of `Ts` as a tuple of an arbitrary number of individual
+  #  `TypeVar`s, which the `Unpack` is 'pulling out' directly into the
+  #  `Generic[]`.)
+  class Bar(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): ...
+  Bar[int]  # Valid
+  Bar[int, str]  # Also valid
+
+From Python 3.11, this can also be done using the `*` operator:
+
+    Foo[*tuple[int, str]]
+    class Bar(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+The operator can also be used along with a `TypedDict` to annotate
+`**kwargs` in a function signature. For instance:
+
+  class Movie(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    year: int
+
+  # This function expects two keyword arguments - *name* of type `str` and
+  # *year* of type `int`.
+  def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ...
+
+Note that there is only some runtime checking of this operator. Not
+everything the runtime allows may be accepted by static type checkers.
+
+For more information, see PEP 646 and PEP 692.
+"""
+
+
+# PEP 692 changed the repr of Unpack[]
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/104048
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    Unpack = typing.Unpack
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return get_origin(obj) is Unpack
+
+else:  # <=3.11
+    class _UnpackSpecialForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __init__(self, getitem):
+            super().__init__(getitem)
+            self.__doc__ = _UNPACK_DOC
+
+    class _UnpackAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            # needed for compatibility with Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+            __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        @property
+        def __typing_unpacked_tuple_args__(self):
+            assert self.__origin__ is Unpack
+            assert len(self.__args__) == 1
+            arg, = self.__args__
+            if isinstance(arg, (typing._GenericAlias, _types.GenericAlias)):
+                if arg.__origin__ is not tuple:
+                    raise TypeError("Unpack[...] must be used with a tuple type")
+                return arg.__args__
+            return None
+
+        @property
+        def __typing_is_unpacked_typevartuple__(self):
+            assert self.__origin__ is Unpack
+            assert len(self.__args__) == 1
+            return isinstance(self.__args__[0], TypeVarTuple)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, args):
+            if self.__typing_is_unpacked_typevartuple__:
+                return args
+            return super().__getitem__(args)
+
+    @_UnpackSpecialForm
+    def Unpack(self, parameters):
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self._name} accepts only a single type.')
+        return _UnpackAlias(self, (item,))
+
+    def _is_unpack(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, _UnpackAlias)
+
+
+def _unpack_args(*args):
+    newargs = []
+    for arg in args:
+        subargs = getattr(arg, '__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__', None)
+        if subargs is not None and (not (subargs and subargs[-1] is ...)):
+            newargs.extend(subargs)
+        else:
+            newargs.append(arg)
+    return newargs
+
+
+if _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    from typing import TypeVarTuple
+
+elif hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):  # 3.11+
+
+    # Add default parameter - PEP 696
+    class TypeVarTuple(metaclass=_TypeVarLikeMeta):
+        """Type variable tuple."""
+
+        _backported_typevarlike = typing.TypeVarTuple
+
+        def __new__(cls, name, *, default=NoDefault):
+            tvt = typing.TypeVarTuple(name)
+            _set_default(tvt, default)
+            _set_module(tvt)
+
+            def _typevartuple_prepare_subst(alias, args):
+                params = alias.__parameters__
+                typevartuple_index = params.index(tvt)
+                for param in params[typevartuple_index + 1:]:
+                    if isinstance(param, TypeVarTuple):
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            f"More than one TypeVarTuple parameter in {alias}"
+                        )
+
+                alen = len(args)
+                plen = len(params)
+                left = typevartuple_index
+                right = plen - typevartuple_index - 1
+                var_tuple_index = None
+                fillarg = None
+                for k, arg in enumerate(args):
+                    if not isinstance(arg, type):
+                        subargs = getattr(arg, '__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__', None)
+                        if subargs and len(subargs) == 2 and subargs[-1] is ...:
+                            if var_tuple_index is not None:
+                                raise TypeError(
+                                    "More than one unpacked "
+                                    "arbitrary-length tuple argument"
+                                )
+                            var_tuple_index = k
+                            fillarg = subargs[0]
+                if var_tuple_index is not None:
+                    left = min(left, var_tuple_index)
+                    right = min(right, alen - var_tuple_index - 1)
+                elif left + right > alen:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Too few arguments for {alias};"
+                                    f" actual {alen}, expected at least {plen - 1}")
+                if left == alen - right and tvt.has_default():
+                    replacement = _unpack_args(tvt.__default__)
+                else:
+                    replacement = args[left: alen - right]
+
+                return (
+                    *args[:left],
+                    *([fillarg] * (typevartuple_index - left)),
+                    replacement,
+                    *([fillarg] * (plen - right - left - typevartuple_index - 1)),
+                    *args[alen - right:],
+                )
+
+            tvt.__typing_prepare_subst__ = _typevartuple_prepare_subst
+            return tvt
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+else:  # <=3.10
+    class TypeVarTuple(_DefaultMixin):
+        """Type variable tuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+
+        In the same way that a normal type variable is a stand-in for a single
+        type such as ``int``, a type variable *tuple* is a stand-in for a *tuple*
+        type such as ``Tuple[int, str]``.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used in ``Generic`` declarations.
+        Consider the following example::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]): ...
+
+        The ``Ts`` type variable tuple here behaves like ``tuple[T1, T2]``,
+        where ``T1`` and ``T2`` are type variables. To use these type variables
+        as type parameters of ``Array``, we must *unpack* the type variable tuple using
+        the star operator: ``*Ts``. The signature of ``Array`` then behaves
+        as if we had simply written ``class Array(Generic[T1, T2]): ...``.
+        In contrast to ``Generic[T1, T2]``, however, ``Generic[*Shape]`` allows
+        us to parameterise the class with an *arbitrary* number of type parameters.
+
+        Type variable tuples can be used anywhere a normal ``TypeVar`` can.
+        This includes class definitions, as shown above, as well as function
+        signatures and variable annotations::
+
+            class Array(Generic[*Ts]):
+
+                def __init__(self, shape: Tuple[*Ts]):
+                    self._shape: Tuple[*Ts] = shape
+
+                def get_shape(self) -> Tuple[*Ts]:
+                    return self._shape
+
+            shape = (Height(480), Width(640))
+            x: Array[Height, Width] = Array(shape)
+            y = abs(x)  # Inferred type is Array[Height, Width]
+            z = x + x   #        ...    is Array[Height, Width]
+            x.get_shape()  #     ...    is tuple[Height, Width]
+
+        """
+
+        # Trick Generic __parameters__.
+        __class__ = typing.TypeVar
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            yield self.__unpacked__
+
+        def __init__(self, name, *, default=NoDefault):
+            self.__name__ = name
+            _DefaultMixin.__init__(self, default)
+
+            # for pickling:
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+            self.__unpacked__ = Unpack[self]
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __hash__(self):
+            return object.__hash__(self)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return self is other
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            if '_root' not in kwds:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot subclass special typing classes")
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "reveal_type"):  # 3.11+
+    reveal_type = typing.reveal_type
+else:  # <=3.10
+    def reveal_type(obj: T, /) -> T:
+        """Reveal the inferred type of a variable.
+
+        When a static type checker encounters a call to ``reveal_type()``,
+        it will emit the inferred type of the argument::
+
+            x: int = 1
+            reveal_type(x)
+
+        Running a static type checker (e.g., ``mypy``) on this example
+        will produce output similar to 'Revealed type is "builtins.int"'.
+
+        At runtime, the function prints the runtime type of the
+        argument and returns it unchanged.
+
+        """
+        print(f"Runtime type is {type(obj).__name__!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return obj
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH"):  # 3.11+
+    _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH = typing._ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH
+else:  # <=3.10
+    _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH = 100
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "assert_never"):  # 3.11+
+    assert_never = typing.assert_never
+else:  # <=3.10
+    def assert_never(arg: Never, /) -> Never:
+        """Assert to the type checker that a line of code is unreachable.
+
+        Example::
+
+            def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None:
+                match arg:
+                    case int():
+                        print("It's an int")
+                    case str():
+                        print("It's a str")
+                    case _:
+                        assert_never(arg)
+
+        If a type checker finds that a call to assert_never() is
+        reachable, it will emit an error.
+
+        At runtime, this throws an exception when called.
+
+        """
+        value = repr(arg)
+        if len(value) > _ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH:
+            value = value[:_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTH] + '...'
+        raise AssertionError(f"Expected code to be unreachable, but got: {value}")
+
+
+# dataclass_transform exists in 3.11 but lacks the frozen_default parameter
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/99958
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):  # 3.12+
+    dataclass_transform = typing.dataclass_transform
+else:  # <=3.11
+    def dataclass_transform(
+        *,
+        eq_default: bool = True,
+        order_default: bool = False,
+        kw_only_default: bool = False,
+        frozen_default: bool = False,
+        field_specifiers: typing.Tuple[
+            typing.Union[typing.Type[typing.Any], typing.Callable[..., typing.Any]],
+            ...
+        ] = (),
+        **kwargs: typing.Any,
+    ) -> typing.Callable[[T], T]:
+        """Decorator that marks a function, class, or metaclass as providing
+        dataclass-like behavior.
+
+        Example:
+
+            from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform
+
+            _T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+            # Used on a decorator function
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            def create_model(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
+                ...
+                return cls
+
+            @create_model
+            class CustomerModel:
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a base class
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelBase: ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+            # Used on a metaclass
+            @dataclass_transform()
+            class ModelMeta(type): ...
+
+            class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ...
+
+            class CustomerModel(ModelBase):
+                id: int
+                name: str
+
+        Each of the ``CustomerModel`` classes defined in this example will now
+        behave similarly to a dataclass created with the ``@dataclasses.dataclass``
+        decorator. For example, the type checker will synthesize an ``__init__``
+        method.
+
+        The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior:
+        - ``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be
+          True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``frozen_default`` indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is
+          assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller.
+        - ``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes
+          or functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``.
+
+        At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the
+        ``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+
+        See PEP 681 for details.
+
+        """
+        def decorator(cls_or_fn):
+            cls_or_fn.__dataclass_transform__ = {
+                "eq_default": eq_default,
+                "order_default": order_default,
+                "kw_only_default": kw_only_default,
+                "frozen_default": frozen_default,
+                "field_specifiers": field_specifiers,
+                "kwargs": kwargs,
+            }
+            return cls_or_fn
+        return decorator
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "override"):  # 3.12+
+    override = typing.override
+else:  # <=3.11
+    _F = typing.TypeVar("_F", bound=typing.Callable[..., typing.Any])
+
+    def override(arg: _F, /) -> _F:
+        """Indicate that a method is intended to override a method in a base class.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            class Base:
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+            class Child(Base):
+                @override
+                def method(self) -> None:
+                    super().method()
+
+        When this decorator is applied to a method, the type checker will
+        validate that it overrides a method with the same name on a base class.
+        This helps prevent bugs that may occur when a base class is changed
+        without an equivalent change to a child class.
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+
+        See PEP 698 for details.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            arg.__override__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return arg
+
+
+# Python 3.13.3+ contains a fix for the wrapped __new__
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/132160
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13, 3):
+    deprecated = warnings.deprecated
+else:
+    _T = typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+    class deprecated:
+        """Indicate that a class, function or overload is deprecated.
+
+        When this decorator is applied to an object, the type checker
+        will generate a diagnostic on usage of the deprecated object.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            @deprecated("Use B instead")
+            class A:
+                pass
+
+            @deprecated("Use g instead")
+            def f():
+                pass
+
+            @overload
+            @deprecated("int support is deprecated")
+            def g(x: int) -> int: ...
+            @overload
+            def g(x: str) -> int: ...
+
+        The warning specified by *category* will be emitted at runtime
+        on use of deprecated objects. For functions, that happens on calls;
+        for classes, on instantiation and on creation of subclasses.
+        If the *category* is ``None``, no warning is emitted at runtime.
+        The *stacklevel* determines where the
+        warning is emitted. If it is ``1`` (the default), the warning
+        is emitted at the direct caller of the deprecated object; if it
+        is higher, it is emitted further up the stack.
+        Static type checker behavior is not affected by the *category*
+        and *stacklevel* arguments.
+
+        The deprecation message passed to the decorator is saved in the
+        ``__deprecated__`` attribute on the decorated object.
+        If applied to an overload, the decorator
+        must be after the ``@overload`` decorator for the attribute to
+        exist on the overload as returned by ``get_overloads()``.
+
+        See PEP 702 for details.
+
+        """
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            message: str,
+            /,
+            *,
+            category: typing.Optional[typing.Type[Warning]] = DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel: int = 1,
+        ) -> None:
+            if not isinstance(message, str):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Expected an object of type str for 'message', not "
+                    f"{type(message).__name__!r}"
+                )
+            self.message = message
+            self.category = category
+            self.stacklevel = stacklevel
+
+        def __call__(self, arg: _T, /) -> _T:
+            # Make sure the inner functions created below don't
+            # retain a reference to self.
+            msg = self.message
+            category = self.category
+            stacklevel = self.stacklevel
+            if category is None:
+                arg.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return arg
+            elif isinstance(arg, type):
+                import functools
+                from types import MethodType
+
+                original_new = arg.__new__
+
+                @functools.wraps(original_new)
+                def __new__(cls, /, *args, **kwargs):
+                    if cls is arg:
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    if original_new is not object.__new__:
+                        return original_new(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                    # Mirrors a similar check in object.__new__.
+                    elif cls.__init__ is object.__init__ and (args or kwargs):
+                        raise TypeError(f"{cls.__name__}() takes no arguments")
+                    else:
+                        return original_new(cls)
+
+                arg.__new__ = staticmethod(__new__)
+
+                original_init_subclass = arg.__init_subclass__
+                # We need slightly different behavior if __init_subclass__
+                # is a bound method (likely if it was implemented in Python)
+                if isinstance(original_init_subclass, MethodType):
+                    original_init_subclass = original_init_subclass.__func__
+
+                    @functools.wraps(original_init_subclass)
+                    def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                        return original_init_subclass(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                    arg.__init_subclass__ = classmethod(__init_subclass__)
+                # Or otherwise, which likely means it's a builtin such as
+                # object's implementation of __init_subclass__.
+                else:
+                    @functools.wraps(original_init_subclass)
+                    def __init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs):
+                        warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                        return original_init_subclass(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                    arg.__init_subclass__ = __init_subclass__
+
+                arg.__deprecated__ = __new__.__deprecated__ = msg
+                __init_subclass__.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return arg
+            elif callable(arg):
+                import asyncio.coroutines
+                import functools
+                import inspect
+
+                @functools.wraps(arg)
+                def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                    warnings.warn(msg, category=category, stacklevel=stacklevel + 1)
+                    return arg(*args, **kwargs)
+
+                if asyncio.coroutines.iscoroutinefunction(arg):
+                    # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/99247
+                    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+                        wrapper = inspect.markcoroutinefunction(wrapper)
+                    else:
+                        wrapper._is_coroutine = asyncio.coroutines._is_coroutine
+
+                arg.__deprecated__ = wrapper.__deprecated__ = msg
+                return wrapper
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "@deprecated decorator with non-None category must be applied to "
+                    f"a class or callable, not {arg!r}"
+                )
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/23702
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    def _is_param_expr(arg):
+        return arg is ... or isinstance(
+            arg, (tuple, list, ParamSpec, _ConcatenateGenericAlias)
+        )
+else:
+    def _is_param_expr(arg):
+        return arg is ... or isinstance(
+            arg,
+            (
+                tuple,
+                list,
+                ParamSpec,
+                _ConcatenateGenericAlias,
+                typing._ConcatenateGenericAlias,
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+# We have to do some monkey patching to deal with the dual nature of
+# Unpack/TypeVarTuple:
+# - We want Unpack to be a kind of TypeVar so it gets accepted in
+#   Generic[Unpack[Ts]]
+# - We want it to *not* be treated as a TypeVar for the purposes of
+#   counting generic parameters, so that when we subscript a generic,
+#   the runtime doesn't try to substitute the Unpack with the subscripted type.
+if not hasattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple"):
+    def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen=_marker):
+        """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+
+        This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+        """
+        # If substituting a single ParamSpec with multiple arguments
+        # we do not check the count
+        if (inspect.isclass(cls) and issubclass(cls, typing.Generic)
+            and len(cls.__parameters__) == 1
+            and isinstance(cls.__parameters__[0], ParamSpec)
+            and parameters
+            and not _is_param_expr(parameters[0])
+        ):
+            # Generic modifies parameters variable, but here we cannot do this
+            return
+
+        if not elen:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        if elen is _marker:
+            if not hasattr(cls, "__parameters__") or not cls.__parameters__:
+                raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+            elen = len(cls.__parameters__)
+        alen = len(parameters)
+        if alen != elen:
+            expect_val = elen
+            if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+                parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+                num_tv_tuples = sum(isinstance(p, TypeVarTuple) for p in parameters)
+                if (num_tv_tuples > 0) and (alen >= elen - num_tv_tuples):
+                    return
+
+                # deal with TypeVarLike defaults
+                # required TypeVarLikes cannot appear after a defaulted one.
+                if alen < elen:
+                    # since we validate TypeVarLike default in _collect_type_vars
+                    # or _collect_parameters we can safely check parameters[alen]
+                    if (
+                        getattr(parameters[alen], '__default__', NoDefault)
+                        is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        return
+
+                    num_default_tv = sum(getattr(p, '__default__', NoDefault)
+                                         is not NoDefault for p in parameters)
+
+                    elen -= num_default_tv
+
+                    expect_val = f"at least {elen}"
+
+            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/27515
+            things = "arguments" if sys.version_info >= (3, 10) else "parameters"
+            raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} {things}"
+                            f" for {cls}; actual {alen}, expected {expect_val}")
+else:
+    # Python 3.11+
+
+    def _check_generic(cls, parameters, elen):
+        """Check correct count for parameters of a generic cls (internal helper).
+
+        This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch.
+        """
+        if not elen:
+            raise TypeError(f"{cls} is not a generic class")
+        alen = len(parameters)
+        if alen != elen:
+            expect_val = elen
+            if hasattr(cls, "__parameters__"):
+                parameters = [p for p in cls.__parameters__ if not _is_unpack(p)]
+
+                # deal with TypeVarLike defaults
+                # required TypeVarLikes cannot appear after a defaulted one.
+                if alen < elen:
+                    # since we validate TypeVarLike default in _collect_type_vars
+                    # or _collect_parameters we can safely check parameters[alen]
+                    if (
+                        getattr(parameters[alen], '__default__', NoDefault)
+                        is not NoDefault
+                    ):
+                        return
+
+                    num_default_tv = sum(getattr(p, '__default__', NoDefault)
+                                         is not NoDefault for p in parameters)
+
+                    elen -= num_default_tv
+
+                    expect_val = f"at least {elen}"
+
+            raise TypeError(f"Too {'many' if alen > elen else 'few'} arguments"
+                            f" for {cls}; actual {alen}, expected {expect_val}")
+
+if not _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+    typing._check_generic = _check_generic
+
+
+def _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin() -> bool:
+    try:
+        frame = sys._getframe(2)
+    # - Catch AttributeError: not all Python implementations have sys._getframe()
+    # - Catch ValueError: maybe we're called from an unexpected module
+    #   and the call stack isn't deep enough
+    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
+        return False  # err on the side of leniency
+    else:
+        # If we somehow get invoked from outside typing.py,
+        # also err on the side of leniency
+        if frame.f_globals.get("__name__") != "typing":
+            return False
+        origin = frame.f_locals.get("origin")
+        # Cannot use "in" because origin may be an object with a buggy __eq__ that
+        # throws an error.
+        return origin is typing.Generic or origin is Protocol or origin is typing.Protocol
+
+
+_TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES = {TypeVarTuple, getattr(typing, "TypeVarTuple", None)}
+
+
+def _is_unpacked_typevartuple(x) -> bool:
+    if get_origin(x) is not Unpack:
+        return False
+    args = get_args(x)
+    return (
+        bool(args)
+        and len(args) == 1
+        and type(args[0]) in _TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES
+    )
+
+
+# Python 3.11+ _collect_type_vars was renamed to _collect_parameters
+if hasattr(typing, '_collect_type_vars'):
+    def _collect_type_vars(types, typevar_types=None):
+        """Collect all type variable contained in types in order of
+        first appearance (lexicographic order). For example::
+
+            _collect_type_vars((T, List[S, T])) == (T, S)
+        """
+        if typevar_types is None:
+            typevar_types = typing.TypeVar
+        tvars = []
+
+        # A required TypeVarLike cannot appear after a TypeVarLike with a default
+        # if it was a direct call to `Generic[]` or `Protocol[]`
+        enforce_default_ordering = _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin()
+        default_encountered = False
+
+        # Also, a TypeVarLike with a default cannot appear after a TypeVarTuple
+        type_var_tuple_encountered = False
+
+        for t in types:
+            if _is_unpacked_typevartuple(t):
+                type_var_tuple_encountered = True
+            elif (
+                isinstance(t, typevar_types) and not isinstance(t, _UnpackAlias)
+                and t not in tvars
+            ):
+                if enforce_default_ordering:
+                    has_default = getattr(t, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                    if has_default:
+                        if type_var_tuple_encountered:
+                            raise TypeError('Type parameter with a default'
+                                            ' follows TypeVarTuple')
+                        default_encountered = True
+                    elif default_encountered:
+                        raise TypeError(f'Type parameter {t!r} without a default'
+                                        ' follows type parameter with a default')
+
+                tvars.append(t)
+            if _should_collect_from_parameters(t):
+                tvars.extend([t for t in t.__parameters__ if t not in tvars])
+            elif isinstance(t, tuple):
+                # Collect nested type_vars
+                # tuple wrapped by  _prepare_paramspec_params(cls, params)
+                for x in t:
+                    for collected in _collect_type_vars([x]):
+                        if collected not in tvars:
+                            tvars.append(collected)
+        return tuple(tvars)
+
+    typing._collect_type_vars = _collect_type_vars
+else:
+    def _collect_parameters(args):
+        """Collect all type variables and parameter specifications in args
+        in order of first appearance (lexicographic order).
+
+        For example::
+
+            assert _collect_parameters((T, Callable[P, T])) == (T, P)
+        """
+        parameters = []
+
+        # A required TypeVarLike cannot appear after a TypeVarLike with default
+        # if it was a direct call to `Generic[]` or `Protocol[]`
+        enforce_default_ordering = _has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin()
+        default_encountered = False
+
+        # Also, a TypeVarLike with a default cannot appear after a TypeVarTuple
+        type_var_tuple_encountered = False
+
+        for t in args:
+            if isinstance(t, type):
+                # We don't want __parameters__ descriptor of a bare Python class.
+                pass
+            elif isinstance(t, tuple):
+                # `t` might be a tuple, when `ParamSpec` is substituted with
+                # `[T, int]`, or `[int, *Ts]`, etc.
+                for x in t:
+                    for collected in _collect_parameters([x]):
+                        if collected not in parameters:
+                            parameters.append(collected)
+            elif hasattr(t, '__typing_subst__'):
+                if t not in parameters:
+                    if enforce_default_ordering:
+                        has_default = (
+                            getattr(t, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                        )
+
+                        if type_var_tuple_encountered and has_default:
+                            raise TypeError('Type parameter with a default'
+                                            ' follows TypeVarTuple')
+
+                        if has_default:
+                            default_encountered = True
+                        elif default_encountered:
+                            raise TypeError(f'Type parameter {t!r} without a default'
+                                            ' follows type parameter with a default')
+
+                    parameters.append(t)
+            else:
+                if _is_unpacked_typevartuple(t):
+                    type_var_tuple_encountered = True
+                for x in getattr(t, '__parameters__', ()):
+                    if x not in parameters:
+                        parameters.append(x)
+
+        return tuple(parameters)
+
+    if not _PEP_696_IMPLEMENTED:
+        typing._collect_parameters = _collect_parameters
+
+# Backport typing.NamedTuple as it exists in Python 3.13.
+# In 3.11, the ability to define generic `NamedTuple`s was supported.
+# This was explicitly disallowed in 3.9-3.10, and only half-worked in <=3.8.
+# On 3.12, we added __orig_bases__ to call-based NamedTuples
+# On 3.13, we deprecated kwargs-based NamedTuples
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/105609
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    NamedTuple = typing.NamedTuple
+else:
+    def _make_nmtuple(name, types, module, defaults=()):
+        fields = [n for n, t in types]
+        annotations = {n: typing._type_check(t, f"field {n} annotation must be a type")
+                       for n, t in types}
+        nm_tpl = collections.namedtuple(name, fields,
+                                        defaults=defaults, module=module)
+        nm_tpl.__annotations__ = nm_tpl.__new__.__annotations__ = annotations
+        return nm_tpl
+
+    _prohibited_namedtuple_fields = typing._prohibited
+    _special_namedtuple_fields = frozenset({'__module__', '__name__', '__annotations__'})
+
+    class _NamedTupleMeta(type):
+        def __new__(cls, typename, bases, ns):
+            assert _NamedTuple in bases
+            for base in bases:
+                if base is not _NamedTuple and base is not typing.Generic:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Generic')
+            bases = tuple(tuple if base is _NamedTuple else base for base in bases)
+            if "__annotations__" in ns:
+                types = ns["__annotations__"]
+            elif "__annotate__" in ns:
+                # TODO: Use inspect.VALUE here, and make the annotations lazily evaluated
+                types = ns["__annotate__"](1)
+            else:
+                types = {}
+            default_names = []
+            for field_name in types:
+                if field_name in ns:
+                    default_names.append(field_name)
+                elif default_names:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Non-default namedtuple field {field_name} "
+                                    f"cannot follow default field"
+                                    f"{'s' if len(default_names) > 1 else ''} "
+                                    f"{', '.join(default_names)}")
+            nm_tpl = _make_nmtuple(
+                typename, types.items(),
+                defaults=[ns[n] for n in default_names],
+                module=ns['__module__']
+            )
+            nm_tpl.__bases__ = bases
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                if hasattr(typing, '_generic_class_getitem'):  # 3.12+
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(typing._generic_class_getitem)
+                else:
+                    class_getitem = typing.Generic.__class_getitem__.__func__
+                    nm_tpl.__class_getitem__ = classmethod(class_getitem)
+            # update from user namespace without overriding special namedtuple attributes
+            for key, val in ns.items():
+                if key in _prohibited_namedtuple_fields:
+                    raise AttributeError("Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute " + key)
+                elif key not in _special_namedtuple_fields:
+                    if key not in nm_tpl._fields:
+                        setattr(nm_tpl, key, ns[key])
+                    try:
+                        set_name = type(val).__set_name__
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            set_name(val, nm_tpl, key)
+                        except BaseException as e:
+                            msg = (
+                                f"Error calling __set_name__ on {type(val).__name__!r} "
+                                f"instance {key!r} in {typename!r}"
+                            )
+                            # BaseException.add_note() existed on py311,
+                            # but the __set_name__ machinery didn't start
+                            # using add_note() until py312.
+                            # Making sure exceptions are raised in the same way
+                            # as in "normal" classes seems most important here.
+                            # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/95915
+                            if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+                                e.add_note(msg)
+                                raise
+                            else:
+                                raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
+
+            if typing.Generic in bases:
+                nm_tpl.__init_subclass__()
+            return nm_tpl
+
+    _NamedTuple = type.__new__(_NamedTupleMeta, 'NamedTuple', (), {})
+
+    def _namedtuple_mro_entries(bases):
+        assert NamedTuple in bases
+        return (_NamedTuple,)
+
+    def NamedTuple(typename, fields=_marker, /, **kwargs):
+        """Typed version of namedtuple.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            class Employee(NamedTuple):
+                name: str
+                id: int
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id'])
+
+        The resulting class has an extra __annotations__ attribute, giving a
+        dict that maps field names to types.  (The field names are also in
+        the _fields attribute, which is part of the namedtuple API.)
+        An alternative equivalent functional syntax is also accepted::
+
+            Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)])
+        """
+        if fields is _marker:
+            if kwargs:
+                deprecated_thing = "Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword arguments"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "Use the class-based or functional syntax instead."
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{typename} = NamedTuple({typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif fields is None:
+            if kwargs:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Cannot pass `None` as the 'fields' parameter "
+                    "and also specify fields using keyword arguments"
+                )
+            else:
+                deprecated_thing = "Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter"
+                example = f"`{typename} = NamedTuple({typename!r}, [])`"
+                deprecation_msg = (
+                    "{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. "
+                    "To create a NamedTuple class with 0 fields "
+                    "using the functional syntax, "
+                    "pass an empty list, e.g. "
+                ) + example + "."
+        elif kwargs:
+            raise TypeError("Either list of fields or keywords"
+                            " can be provided to NamedTuple, not both")
+        if fields is _marker or fields is None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                deprecation_msg.format(name=deprecated_thing, remove="3.15"),
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            fields = kwargs.items()
+        nt = _make_nmtuple(typename, fields, module=_caller())
+        nt.__orig_bases__ = (NamedTuple,)
+        return nt
+
+    NamedTuple.__mro_entries__ = _namedtuple_mro_entries
+
+
+if hasattr(collections.abc, "Buffer"):
+    Buffer = collections.abc.Buffer
+else:
+    class Buffer(abc.ABC):  # noqa: B024
+        """Base class for classes that implement the buffer protocol.
+
+        The buffer protocol allows Python objects to expose a low-level
+        memory buffer interface. Before Python 3.12, it is not possible
+        to implement the buffer protocol in pure Python code, or even
+        to check whether a class implements the buffer protocol. In
+        Python 3.12 and higher, the ``__buffer__`` method allows access
+        to the buffer protocol from Python code, and the
+        ``collections.abc.Buffer`` ABC allows checking whether a class
+        implements the buffer protocol.
+
+        To indicate support for the buffer protocol in earlier versions,
+        inherit from this ABC, either in a stub file or at runtime,
+        or use ABC registration. This ABC provides no methods, because
+        there is no Python-accessible methods shared by pre-3.12 buffer
+        classes. It is useful primarily for static checks.
+
+        """
+
+    # As a courtesy, register the most common stdlib buffer classes.
+    Buffer.register(memoryview)
+    Buffer.register(bytearray)
+    Buffer.register(bytes)
+
+
+# Backport of types.get_original_bases, available on 3.12+ in CPython
+if hasattr(_types, "get_original_bases"):
+    get_original_bases = _types.get_original_bases
+else:
+    def get_original_bases(cls, /):
+        """Return the class's "original" bases prior to modification by `__mro_entries__`.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            from typing import TypeVar, Generic
+            from typing_extensions import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            class Foo(Generic[T]): ...
+            class Bar(Foo[int], float): ...
+            class Baz(list[str]): ...
+            Eggs = NamedTuple("Eggs", [("a", int), ("b", str)])
+            Spam = TypedDict("Spam", {"a": int, "b": str})
+
+            assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float)
+            assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],)
+            assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,)
+            assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,)
+            assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,)
+        """
+        try:
+            return cls.__dict__.get("__orig_bases__", cls.__bases__)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'Expected an instance of type, not {type(cls).__name__!r}'
+            ) from None
+
+
+# NewType is a class on Python 3.10+, making it pickleable
+# The error message for subclassing instances of NewType was improved on 3.11+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/30268
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    NewType = typing.NewType
+else:
+    class NewType:
+        """NewType creates simple unique types with almost zero
+        runtime overhead. NewType(name, tp) is considered a subtype of tp
+        by static type checkers. At runtime, NewType(name, tp) returns
+        a dummy callable that simply returns its argument. Usage::
+            UserId = NewType('UserId', int)
+            def name_by_id(user_id: UserId) -> str:
+                ...
+            UserId('user')          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(42)          # Fails type check
+            name_by_id(UserId(42))  # OK
+            num = UserId(5) + 1     # type: int
+        """
+
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+        def __init__(self, name, tp):
+            self.__qualname__ = name
+            if '.' in name:
+                name = name.rpartition('.')[-1]
+            self.__name__ = name
+            self.__supertype__ = tp
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+
+        def __mro_entries__(self, bases):
+            # We defined __mro_entries__ to get a better error message
+            # if a user attempts to subclass a NewType instance. bpo-46170
+            supercls_name = self.__name__
+
+            class Dummy:
+                def __init_subclass__(cls):
+                    subcls_name = cls.__name__
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot subclass an instance of NewType. "
+                        f"Perhaps you were looking for: "
+                        f"`{subcls_name} = NewType({subcls_name!r}, {supercls_name})`"
+                    )
+
+            return (Dummy,)
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return f'{self.__module__}.{self.__qualname__}'
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__qualname__
+
+        # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21515
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            # PEP 604 methods
+            # It doesn't make sense to have these methods on Python <3.10
+
+            def __or__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+            def __ror__(self, other):
+                return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+
+# Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/124795
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    TypeAliasType = typing.TypeAliasType
+# <=3.13
+else:
+    # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/103764
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+        # 3.12-3.13
+        def _is_unionable(obj):
+            """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+            return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+                type,
+                _types.GenericAlias,
+                _types.UnionType,
+                typing.TypeAliasType,
+                TypeAliasType,
+            ))
+    else:
+        # <=3.11
+        def _is_unionable(obj):
+            """Corresponds to is_unionable() in unionobject.c in CPython."""
+            return obj is None or isinstance(obj, (
+                type,
+                _types.GenericAlias,
+                _types.UnionType,
+                TypeAliasType,
+            ))
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+        # Copied and pasted from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/986a4e1b6fcae7fe7a1d0a26aea446107dd58dd2/Objects/genericaliasobject.c#L568-L582,
+        # so that we emulate the behaviour of `types.GenericAlias`
+        # on the latest versions of CPython
+        _ATTRIBUTE_DELEGATION_EXCLUSIONS = frozenset({
+            "__class__",
+            "__bases__",
+            "__origin__",
+            "__args__",
+            "__unpacked__",
+            "__parameters__",
+            "__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__",
+            "__mro_entries__",
+            "__reduce_ex__",
+            "__reduce__",
+            "__copy__",
+            "__deepcopy__",
+        })
+
+        class _TypeAliasGenericAlias(typing._GenericAlias, _root=True):
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                if attr in _ATTRIBUTE_DELEGATION_EXCLUSIONS:
+                    return object.__getattr__(self, attr)
+                return getattr(self.__origin__, attr)
+
+
+    class TypeAliasType:
+        """Create named, parameterized type aliases.
+
+        This provides a backport of the new `type` statement in Python 3.12:
+
+            type ListOrSet[T] = list[T] | set[T]
+
+        is equivalent to:
+
+            T = TypeVar("T")
+            ListOrSet = TypeAliasType("ListOrSet", list[T] | set[T], type_params=(T,))
+
+        The name ListOrSet can then be used as an alias for the type it refers to.
+
+        The type_params argument should contain all the type parameters used
+        in the value of the type alias. If the alias is not generic, this
+        argument is omitted.
+
+        Static type checkers should only support type aliases declared using
+        TypeAliasType that follow these rules:
+
+        - The first argument (the name) must be a string literal.
+        - The TypeAliasType instance must be immediately assigned to a variable
+          of the same name. (For example, 'X = TypeAliasType("Y", int)' is invalid,
+          as is 'X, Y = TypeAliasType("X", int), TypeAliasType("Y", int)').
+
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, name: str, value, *, type_params=()):
+            if not isinstance(name, str):
+                raise TypeError("TypeAliasType name must be a string")
+            if not isinstance(type_params, tuple):
+                raise TypeError("type_params must be a tuple")
+            self.__value__ = value
+            self.__type_params__ = type_params
+
+            default_value_encountered = False
+            parameters = []
+            for type_param in type_params:
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(type_param, (TypeVar, TypeVarTuple, ParamSpec))
+                    # <=3.11
+                    # Unpack Backport passes isinstance(type_param, TypeVar)
+                    or _is_unpack(type_param)
+                ):
+                    raise TypeError(f"Expected a type param, got {type_param!r}")
+                has_default = (
+                    getattr(type_param, '__default__', NoDefault) is not NoDefault
+                )
+                if default_value_encountered and not has_default:
+                    raise TypeError(f"non-default type parameter '{type_param!r}'"
+                                    " follows default type parameter")
+                if has_default:
+                    default_value_encountered = True
+                if isinstance(type_param, TypeVarTuple):
+                    parameters.extend(type_param)
+                else:
+                    parameters.append(type_param)
+            self.__parameters__ = tuple(parameters)
+            def_mod = _caller()
+            if def_mod != 'typing_extensions':
+                self.__module__ = def_mod
+            # Setting this attribute closes the TypeAliasType from further modification
+            self.__name__ = name
+
+        def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: object, /) -> None:
+            if hasattr(self, "__name__"):
+                self._raise_attribute_error(name)
+            super().__setattr__(name, value)
+
+        def __delattr__(self, name: str, /) -> Never:
+            self._raise_attribute_error(name)
+
+        def _raise_attribute_error(self, name: str) -> Never:
+            # Match the Python 3.12 error messages exactly
+            if name == "__name__":
+                raise AttributeError("readonly attribute")
+            elif name in {"__value__", "__type_params__", "__parameters__", "__module__"}:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"attribute '{name}' of 'typing.TypeAliasType' objects "
+                    "is not writable"
+                )
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError(
+                    f"'typing.TypeAliasType' object has no attribute '{name}'"
+                )
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return self.__name__
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            def _check_single_param(self, param, recursion=0):
+                # Allow [], [int], [int, str], [int, ...], [int, T]
+                if param is ...:
+                    return ...
+                if param is None:
+                    return None
+                # Note in <= 3.9 _ConcatenateGenericAlias inherits from list
+                if isinstance(param, list) and recursion == 0:
+                    return [self._check_single_param(arg, recursion+1)
+                            for arg in param]
+                return typing._type_check(
+                        param, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                    )
+
+        def _check_parameters(self, parameters):
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+                return tuple(
+                    self._check_single_param(item)
+                    for item in parameters
+                )
+            return tuple(typing._type_check(
+                        item, f'Subscripting {self.__name__} requires a type.'
+                    )
+                    for item in parameters
+            )
+
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            if not self.__type_params__:
+                raise TypeError("Only generic type aliases are subscriptable")
+            if not isinstance(parameters, tuple):
+                parameters = (parameters,)
+            # Using 3.9 here will create problems with Concatenate
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+                return _types.GenericAlias(self, parameters)
+            type_vars = _collect_type_vars(parameters)
+            parameters = self._check_parameters(parameters)
+            alias = _TypeAliasGenericAlias(self, parameters)
+            # alias.__parameters__ is not complete if Concatenate is present
+            # as it is converted to a list from which no parameters are extracted.
+            if alias.__parameters__ != type_vars:
+                alias.__parameters__ = type_vars
+            return alias
+
+        def __reduce__(self):
+            return self.__name__
+
+        def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "type 'typing_extensions.TypeAliasType' is not an acceptable base type"
+            )
+
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that TypeAliasTypes are types.
+        def __call__(self):
+            raise TypeError("Type alias is not callable")
+
+        # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21515
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def __or__(self, right):
+                # For forward compatibility with 3.12, reject Unions
+                # that are not accepted by the built-in Union.
+                if not _is_unionable(right):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[self, right]
+
+            def __ror__(self, left):
+                if not _is_unionable(left):
+                    return NotImplemented
+                return typing.Union[left, self]
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "is_protocol"):
+    is_protocol = typing.is_protocol
+    get_protocol_members = typing.get_protocol_members
+else:
+    def is_protocol(tp: type, /) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the given type is a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, is_protocol
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> is_protocol(P)
+            True
+            >>> is_protocol(int)
+            False
+        """
+        return (
+            isinstance(tp, type)
+            and getattr(tp, '_is_protocol', False)
+            and tp is not Protocol
+            and tp is not typing.Protocol
+        )
+
+    def get_protocol_members(tp: type, /) -> typing.FrozenSet[str]:
+        """Return the set of members defined in a Protocol.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, get_protocol_members
+            >>> class P(Protocol):
+            ...     def a(self) -> str: ...
+            ...     b: int
+            >>> get_protocol_members(P)
+            frozenset({'a', 'b'})
+
+        Raise a TypeError for arguments that are not Protocols.
+        """
+        if not is_protocol(tp):
+            raise TypeError(f'{tp!r} is not a Protocol')
+        if hasattr(tp, '__protocol_attrs__'):
+            return frozenset(tp.__protocol_attrs__)
+        return frozenset(_get_protocol_attrs(tp))
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "Doc"):
+    Doc = typing.Doc
+else:
+    class Doc:
+        """Define the documentation of a type annotation using ``Annotated``, to be
+         used in class attributes, function and method parameters, return values,
+         and variables.
+
+        The value should be a positional-only string literal to allow static tools
+        like editors and documentation generators to use it.
+
+        This complements docstrings.
+
+        The string value passed is available in the attribute ``documentation``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc
+            >>> def hi(to: Annotated[str, Doc("Who to say hi to")]) -> None: ...
+        """
+        def __init__(self, documentation: str, /) -> None:
+            self.documentation = documentation
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return f"Doc({self.documentation!r})"
+
+        def __hash__(self) -> int:
+            return hash(self.documentation)
+
+        def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+            if not isinstance(other, Doc):
+                return NotImplemented
+            return self.documentation == other.documentation
+
+
+_CapsuleType = getattr(_types, "CapsuleType", None)
+
+if _CapsuleType is None:
+    try:
+        import _socket
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        _CAPI = getattr(_socket, "CAPI", None)
+        if _CAPI is not None:
+            _CapsuleType = type(_CAPI)
+
+if _CapsuleType is not None:
+    CapsuleType = _CapsuleType
+    __all__.append("CapsuleType")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from annotationlib import Format, get_annotations
+else:
+    # Available since Python 3.14.0a3
+    # PR: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/124415
+    class Format(enum.IntEnum):
+        VALUE = 1
+        VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS = 2
+        FORWARDREF = 3
+        STRING = 4
+
+    # Available since Python 3.14.0a1
+    # PR: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119891
+    def get_annotations(obj, *, globals=None, locals=None, eval_str=False,
+                        format=Format.VALUE):
+        """Compute the annotations dict for an object.
+
+        obj may be a callable, class, or module.
+        Passing in an object of any other type raises TypeError.
+
+        Returns a dict.  get_annotations() returns a new dict every time
+        it's called; calling it twice on the same object will return two
+        different but equivalent dicts.
+
+        This is a backport of `inspect.get_annotations`, which has been
+        in the standard library since Python 3.10. See the standard library
+        documentation for more:
+
+            https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#inspect.get_annotations
+
+        This backport adds the *format* argument introduced by PEP 649. The
+        three formats supported are:
+        * VALUE: the annotations are returned as-is. This is the default and
+          it is compatible with the behavior on previous Python versions.
+        * FORWARDREF: return annotations as-is if possible, but replace any
+          undefined names with ForwardRef objects. The implementation proposed by
+          PEP 649 relies on language changes that cannot be backported; the
+          typing-extensions implementation simply returns the same result as VALUE.
+        * STRING: return annotations as strings, in a format close to the original
+          source. Again, this behavior cannot be replicated directly in a backport.
+          As an approximation, typing-extensions retrieves the annotations under
+          VALUE semantics and then stringifies them.
+
+        The purpose of this backport is to allow users who would like to use
+        FORWARDREF or STRING semantics once PEP 649 is implemented, but who also
+        want to support earlier Python versions, to simply write:
+
+            typing_extensions.get_annotations(obj, format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+
+        """
+        format = Format(format)
+        if format is Format.VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The VALUE_WITH_FAKE_GLOBALS format is for internal use only"
+            )
+
+        if eval_str and format is not Format.VALUE:
+            raise ValueError("eval_str=True is only supported with format=Format.VALUE")
+
+        if isinstance(obj, type):
+            # class
+            obj_dict = getattr(obj, '__dict__', None)
+            if obj_dict and hasattr(obj_dict, 'get'):
+                ann = obj_dict.get('__annotations__', None)
+                if isinstance(ann, _types.GetSetDescriptorType):
+                    ann = None
+            else:
+                ann = None
+
+            obj_globals = None
+            module_name = getattr(obj, '__module__', None)
+            if module_name:
+                module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
+                if module:
+                    obj_globals = getattr(module, '__dict__', None)
+            obj_locals = dict(vars(obj))
+            unwrap = obj
+        elif isinstance(obj, _types.ModuleType):
+            # module
+            ann = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
+            obj_globals = obj.__dict__
+            obj_locals = None
+            unwrap = None
+        elif callable(obj):
+            # this includes types.Function, types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+            # types.BuiltinMethodType, functools.partial, functools.singledispatch,
+            # "class funclike" from Lib/test/test_inspect... on and on it goes.
+            ann = getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None)
+            obj_globals = getattr(obj, '__globals__', None)
+            obj_locals = None
+            unwrap = obj
+        elif hasattr(obj, '__annotations__'):
+            ann = obj.__annotations__
+            obj_globals = obj_locals = unwrap = None
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"{obj!r} is not a module, class, or callable.")
+
+        if ann is None:
+            return {}
+
+        if not isinstance(ann, dict):
+            raise ValueError(f"{obj!r}.__annotations__ is neither a dict nor None")
+
+        if not ann:
+            return {}
+
+        if not eval_str:
+            if format is Format.STRING:
+                return {
+                    key: value if isinstance(value, str) else typing._type_repr(value)
+                    for key, value in ann.items()
+                }
+            return dict(ann)
+
+        if unwrap is not None:
+            while True:
+                if hasattr(unwrap, '__wrapped__'):
+                    unwrap = unwrap.__wrapped__
+                    continue
+                if isinstance(unwrap, functools.partial):
+                    unwrap = unwrap.func
+                    continue
+                break
+            if hasattr(unwrap, "__globals__"):
+                obj_globals = unwrap.__globals__
+
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = obj_globals
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = obj_locals or {}
+
+        # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
+        # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
+        # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
+        if type_params := getattr(obj, "__type_params__", ()):
+            locals = {param.__name__: param for param in type_params} | locals
+
+        return_value = {key:
+            value if not isinstance(value, str) else eval(value, globals, locals)
+            for key, value in ann.items() }
+        return return_value
+
+
+if hasattr(typing, "evaluate_forward_ref"):
+    evaluate_forward_ref = typing.evaluate_forward_ref
+else:
+    # Implements annotationlib.ForwardRef.evaluate
+    def _eval_with_owner(
+        forward_ref, *, owner=None, globals=None, locals=None, type_params=None
+    ):
+        if forward_ref.__forward_evaluated__:
+            return forward_ref.__forward_value__
+        if getattr(forward_ref, "__cell__", None) is not None:
+            try:
+                value = forward_ref.__cell__.cell_contents
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                forward_ref.__forward_evaluated__ = True
+                forward_ref.__forward_value__ = value
+                return value
+        if owner is None:
+            owner = getattr(forward_ref, "__owner__", None)
+
+        if (
+            globals is None
+            and getattr(forward_ref, "__forward_module__", None) is not None
+        ):
+            globals = getattr(
+                sys.modules.get(forward_ref.__forward_module__, None), "__dict__", None
+            )
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = getattr(forward_ref, "__globals__", None)
+        if globals is None:
+            if isinstance(owner, type):
+                module_name = getattr(owner, "__module__", None)
+                if module_name:
+                    module = sys.modules.get(module_name, None)
+                    if module:
+                        globals = getattr(module, "__dict__", None)
+            elif isinstance(owner, _types.ModuleType):
+                globals = getattr(owner, "__dict__", None)
+            elif callable(owner):
+                globals = getattr(owner, "__globals__", None)
+
+        # If we pass None to eval() below, the globals of this module are used.
+        if globals is None:
+            globals = {}
+
+        if locals is None:
+            locals = {}
+            if isinstance(owner, type):
+                locals.update(vars(owner))
+
+        if type_params is None and owner is not None:
+            # "Inject" type parameters into the local namespace
+            # (unless they are shadowed by assignments *in* the local namespace),
+            # as a way of emulating annotation scopes when calling `eval()`
+            type_params = getattr(owner, "__type_params__", None)
+
+        # Type parameters exist in their own scope, which is logically
+        # between the locals and the globals. We simulate this by adding
+        # them to the globals.
+        if type_params is not None:
+            globals = dict(globals)
+            for param in type_params:
+                globals[param.__name__] = param
+
+        arg = forward_ref.__forward_arg__
+        if arg.isidentifier() and not keyword.iskeyword(arg):
+            if arg in locals:
+                value = locals[arg]
+            elif arg in globals:
+                value = globals[arg]
+            elif hasattr(builtins, arg):
+                return getattr(builtins, arg)
+            else:
+                raise NameError(arg)
+        else:
+            code = forward_ref.__forward_code__
+            value = eval(code, globals, locals)
+        forward_ref.__forward_evaluated__ = True
+        forward_ref.__forward_value__ = value
+        return value
+
+    def evaluate_forward_ref(
+        forward_ref,
+        *,
+        owner=None,
+        globals=None,
+        locals=None,
+        type_params=None,
+        format=None,
+        _recursive_guard=frozenset(),
+    ):
+        """Evaluate a forward reference as a type hint.
+
+        This is similar to calling the ForwardRef.evaluate() method,
+        but unlike that method, evaluate_forward_ref() also:
+
+        * Recursively evaluates forward references nested within the type hint.
+        * Rejects certain objects that are not valid type hints.
+        * Replaces type hints that evaluate to None with types.NoneType.
+        * Supports the *FORWARDREF* and *STRING* formats.
+
+        *forward_ref* must be an instance of ForwardRef. *owner*, if given,
+        should be the object that holds the annotations that the forward reference
+        derived from, such as a module, class object, or function. It is used to
+        infer the namespaces to use for looking up names. *globals* and *locals*
+        can also be explicitly given to provide the global and local namespaces.
+        *type_params* is a tuple of type parameters that are in scope when
+        evaluating the forward reference. This parameter must be provided (though
+        it may be an empty tuple) if *owner* is not given and the forward reference
+        does not already have an owner set. *format* specifies the format of the
+        annotation and is a member of the annotationlib.Format enum.
+
+        """
+        if format == Format.STRING:
+            return forward_ref.__forward_arg__
+        if forward_ref.__forward_arg__ in _recursive_guard:
+            return forward_ref
+
+        # Evaluate the forward reference
+        try:
+            value = _eval_with_owner(
+                forward_ref,
+                owner=owner,
+                globals=globals,
+                locals=locals,
+                type_params=type_params,
+            )
+        except NameError:
+            if format == Format.FORWARDREF:
+                return forward_ref
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = ForwardRef(value)
+
+        # Recursively evaluate the type
+        if isinstance(value, ForwardRef):
+            if getattr(value, "__forward_module__", True) is not None:
+                globals = None
+            return evaluate_forward_ref(
+                value,
+                globals=globals,
+                locals=locals,
+                 type_params=type_params, owner=owner,
+                _recursive_guard=_recursive_guard, format=format
+            )
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12, 5) and type_params:
+            # Make use of type_params
+            locals = dict(locals) if locals else {}
+            for tvar in type_params:
+                if tvar.__name__ not in locals:  # lets not overwrite something present
+                    locals[tvar.__name__] = tvar
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12, 5):
+            return typing._eval_type(
+                value,
+                globals,
+                locals,
+                recursive_guard=_recursive_guard | {forward_ref.__forward_arg__},
+            )
+        else:
+            return typing._eval_type(
+                value,
+                globals,
+                locals,
+                type_params,
+                recursive_guard=_recursive_guard | {forward_ref.__forward_arg__},
+            )
+
+
+class Sentinel:
+    """Create a unique sentinel object.
+
+    *name* should be the name of the variable to which the return value shall be assigned.
+
+    *repr*, if supplied, will be used for the repr of the sentinel object.
+    If not provided, "<name>" will be used.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        repr: typing.Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        self._name = name
+        self._repr = repr if repr is not None else f'<{name}>'
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._repr
+
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+        # The presence of this method convinces typing._type_check
+        # that Sentinels are types.
+        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__!r} object is not callable")
+
+    # Breakpoint: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/21515
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        def __or__(self, other):
+            return typing.Union[self, other]
+
+        def __ror__(self, other):
+            return typing.Union[other, self]
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot pickle {type(self).__name__!r} object")
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14, 0, "beta"):
+    type_repr = annotationlib.type_repr
+else:
+    def type_repr(value):
+        """Convert a Python value to a format suitable for use with the STRING format.
+
+        This is intended as a helper for tools that support the STRING format but do
+        not have access to the code that originally produced the annotations. It uses
+        repr() for most objects.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, (type, _types.FunctionType, _types.BuiltinFunctionType)):
+            if value.__module__ == "builtins":
+                return value.__qualname__
+            return f"{value.__module__}.{value.__qualname__}"
+        if value is ...:
+            return "..."
+        return repr(value)
+
+
+# Aliases for items that are in typing in all supported versions.
+# We use hasattr() checks so this library will continue to import on
+# future versions of Python that may remove these names.
+_typing_names = [
+    "AbstractSet",
+    "AnyStr",
+    "BinaryIO",
+    "Callable",
+    "Collection",
+    "Container",
+    "Dict",
+    "FrozenSet",
+    "Hashable",
+    "IO",
+    "ItemsView",
+    "Iterable",
+    "Iterator",
+    "KeysView",
+    "List",
+    "Mapping",
+    "MappingView",
+    "Match",
+    "MutableMapping",
+    "MutableSequence",
+    "MutableSet",
+    "Optional",
+    "Pattern",
+    "Reversible",
+    "Sequence",
+    "Set",
+    "Sized",
+    "TextIO",
+    "Tuple",
+    "Union",
+    "ValuesView",
+    "cast",
+    "no_type_check",
+    "no_type_check_decorator",
+    # This is private, but it was defined by typing_extensions for a long time
+    # and some users rely on it.
+    "_AnnotatedAlias",
+]
+globals().update(
+    {name: getattr(typing, name) for name in _typing_names if hasattr(typing, name)}
+)
+# These are defined unconditionally because they are used in
+# typing-extensions itself.
+Generic = typing.Generic
+ForwardRef = typing.ForwardRef
+Annotated = typing.Annotated
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0eba85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: typing-inspection
+Version: 0.4.2
+Summary: Runtime typing introspection tools
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://pydantic.github.io/typing-inspection/dev/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection/blob/main/HISTORY.md
+Author-email: Victorien Plot <contact@vctrn.dev>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 3 - Alpha
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Typing :: Typed
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.12.0
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# typing-inspection
+
+[![CI](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pydantic/typing-inspection/ci.yml?branch=main&logo=github&label=CI)](https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
+[![Coverage](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/pydantic/typing-inspection.svg)](https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/pydantic/typing-inspection)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/typing-inspection.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/typing-inspection/)
+[![Versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/typing-inspection.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection)
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/pydantic/typing-inspection.svg)](https://github.com/pydantic/typing-inspection/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
+
+`typing-inspection` provides tools to inspect type annotations at runtime.
+
+## Installation
+
+From [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/typing-inspection/):
+
+```bash
+pip install typing-inspection
+```
+
+The library can be imported from the `typing_inspection` module.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c67483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=YQls0L_jxwQLb5jCKwLRkP4Bk20P92FsUTT-0CiRlTo,2552
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/RECORD,,
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=qtCwoSJWgHk21S1Kb4ihdzI2rlJ1ZKaIurTj_ngOhyQ,87
+typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=gEtZsl8sMb0nj5ICoZrkmjlFqiZkOH4tChKMfKzGHsM,1090
+typing_inspection/__init__.py,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+typing_inspection/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_inspection/__pycache__/introspection.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_inspection/__pycache__/typing_objects.cpython-312.pyc,,
+typing_inspection/introspection.py,sha256=dD5Ad4J6hAfF6UBzBO4sqSs1h2ybQVThkQofLWWVBP0,22534
+typing_inspection/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+typing_inspection/typing_objects.py,sha256=kajVgh8J7UZ7wTidVxzFMpjwSnFGBoDoTqfVAAvOHZ8,17166
+typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi,sha256=u1NDpl_RJFnAUMAMx-WBd0SBKwVG7luLEc8ukSvRnZs,9401
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12228d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.27.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e825ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection-0.4.2.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) Pydantic Services Inc. 2025 to present
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/introspection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/introspection.py
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/introspection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,587 @@
+"""High-level introspection utilities, used to inspect type annotations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from dataclasses import InitVar
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum, auto
+from typing import Any, Literal, NamedTuple, cast
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, assert_never, get_args, get_origin
+
+from . import typing_objects
+
+__all__ = (
+    'AnnotationSource',
+    'ForbiddenQualifier',
+    'InspectedAnnotation',
+    'Qualifier',
+    'get_literal_values',
+    'inspect_annotation',
+    'is_union_origin',
+)
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14) or sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+
+    def is_union_origin(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the provided origin is the union form.
+
+        ```pycon
+        >>> is_union_origin(typing.Union)
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(get_origin(int | str))
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(types.UnionType)
+        True
+        ```
+
+        !!! note
+            Since Python 3.14, both `Union[<t1>, <t2>, ...]` and `<t1> | <t2> | ...` forms create instances
+            of the same [`typing.Union`][] class. As such, it is recommended to not use this function
+            anymore (provided that you only support Python 3.14 or greater), and instead use the
+            [`typing_objects.is_union()`][typing_inspection.typing_objects.is_union] function directly:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Union, get_origin
+
+            from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+            typ = int | str  # Or Union[int, str]
+            origin = get_origin(typ)
+            if typing_objects.is_union(origin):
+                ...
+            ```
+        """
+        return typing_objects.is_union(obj)
+
+
+else:
+
+    def is_union_origin(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the provided origin is the union form.
+
+        ```pycon
+        >>> is_union_origin(typing.Union)
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(get_origin(int | str))
+        True
+        >>> is_union_origin(types.UnionType)
+        True
+        ```
+
+        !!! note
+            Since Python 3.14, both `Union[<t1>, <t2>, ...]` and `<t1> | <t2> | ...` forms create instances
+            of the same [`typing.Union`][] class. As such, it is recommended to not use this function
+            anymore (provided that you only support Python 3.14 or greater), and instead use the
+            [`typing_objects.is_union()`][typing_inspection.typing_objects.is_union] function directly:
+
+            ```python
+            from typing import Union, get_origin
+
+            from typing_inspection import typing_objects
+
+            typ = int | str  # Or Union[int, str]
+            origin = get_origin(typ)
+            if typing_objects.is_union(origin):
+                ...
+            ```
+        """
+        return typing_objects.is_union(obj) or obj is types.UnionType
+
+
+def _literal_type_check(value: Any, /) -> None:
+    """Type check the provided literal value against the legal parameters."""
+    if (
+        not isinstance(value, (int, bytes, str, bool, Enum, typing_objects.NoneType))
+        and value is not typing_objects.NoneType
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(f'{value} is not a valid literal value, must be one of: int, bytes, str, Enum, None.')
+
+
+def get_literal_values(
+    annotation: Any,
+    /,
+    *,
+    type_check: bool = False,
+    unpack_type_aliases: Literal['skip', 'lenient', 'eager'] = 'eager',
+) -> Generator[Any]:
+    """Yield the values contained in the provided [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][].
+
+    Args:
+        annotation: The [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][] to unpack.
+        type_check: Whether to check if the literal values are [legal parameters][literal-legal-parameters].
+            Raises a [`TypeError`][] otherwise.
+        unpack_type_aliases: What to do when encountering [PEP 695](https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/)
+            [type aliases][type-aliases]. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'skip'`: Do not try to parse type aliases. Note that this can lead to incorrect results:
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyAlias = Literal[1, 2]
+              >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[MyAlias, 3], unpack_type_aliases="skip"))
+              [MyAlias, 3]
+              ```
+
+            - `'lenient'`: Try to parse type aliases, and fallback to `'skip'` if the type alias can't be inspected
+              (because of an undefined forward reference).
+
+            - `'eager'`: Parse type aliases and raise any encountered [`NameError`][] exceptions (the default):
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyAlias = Literal[1, 2]
+              >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[MyAlias, 3], unpack_type_aliases="eager"))
+              [1, 2, 3]
+              ```
+
+    Note:
+        While `None` is [equivalent to][none] `type(None)`, the runtime implementation of [`Literal`][typing.Literal]
+        does not de-duplicate them. This function makes sure this de-duplication is applied:
+
+        ```pycon
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[NoneType, None]))
+        [None]
+        ```
+
+    Example:
+        ```pycon
+        >>> type Ints = Literal[1, 2]
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[1, Ints], unpack_type_alias="skip"))
+        ["a", Ints]
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[1, Ints]))
+        [1, 2]
+        >>> list(get_literal_values(Literal[1.0], type_check=True))
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: 1.0 is not a valid literal value, must be one of: int, bytes, str, Enum, None.
+        ```
+    """
+    # `literal` is guaranteed to be a `Literal[...]` special form, so use
+    # `__args__` directly instead of calling `get_args()`.
+
+    if unpack_type_aliases == 'skip':
+        _has_none = False
+        # `Literal` parameters are already deduplicated, no need to do it ourselves.
+        # (we only check for `None` and `NoneType`, which should be considered as duplicates).
+        for arg in annotation.__args__:
+            if type_check:
+                _literal_type_check(arg)
+            if arg is None or arg is typing_objects.NoneType:
+                if not _has_none:
+                    yield None
+                _has_none = True
+            else:
+                yield arg
+    else:
+        # We'll need to manually deduplicate parameters, see the `Literal` implementation in `typing`.
+        values_and_type: list[tuple[Any, type[Any]]] = []
+
+        for arg in annotation.__args__:
+            # Note: we could also check for generic aliases with a type alias as an origin.
+            # However, it is very unlikely that this happens as type variables can't appear in
+            # `Literal` forms, so the only valid (but unnecessary) use case would be something like:
+            # `type Test[T] = Literal['a']` (and then use `Test[SomeType]`).
+            if typing_objects.is_typealiastype(arg):
+                try:
+                    alias_value = arg.__value__
+                except NameError:
+                    if unpack_type_aliases == 'eager':
+                        raise
+                    # unpack_type_aliases == "lenient":
+                    if type_check:
+                        _literal_type_check(arg)
+                    values_and_type.append((arg, type(arg)))
+                else:
+                    sub_args = get_literal_values(
+                        alias_value, type_check=type_check, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases
+                    )
+                    values_and_type.extend((a, type(a)) for a in sub_args)  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+            else:
+                if type_check:
+                    _literal_type_check(arg)
+                if arg is typing_objects.NoneType:
+                    values_and_type.append((None, typing_objects.NoneType))
+                else:
+                    values_and_type.append((arg, type(arg)))  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+
+        try:
+            dct = dict.fromkeys(values_and_type)
+        except TypeError:
+            # Unhashable parameters, the Python implementation allows them
+            yield from (p for p, _ in values_and_type)
+        else:
+            yield from (p for p, _ in dct)
+
+
+Qualifier: TypeAlias = Literal['required', 'not_required', 'read_only', 'class_var', 'init_var', 'final']
+"""A [type qualifier][]."""
+
+_all_qualifiers: set[Qualifier] = set(get_args(Qualifier))
+
+
+# TODO at some point, we could switch to an enum flag, so that multiple sources
+# can be combined. However, is there a need for this?
+class AnnotationSource(IntEnum):
+    # TODO if/when https://peps.python.org/pep-0767/ is accepted, add 'read_only'
+    # to CLASS and NAMED_TUPLE (even though for named tuples it is redundant).
+
+    """The source of an annotation, e.g. a class or a function.
+
+    Depending on the source, different [type qualifiers][type qualifier] may be (dis)allowed.
+    """
+
+    ASSIGNMENT_OR_VARIABLE = auto()
+    """An annotation used in an assignment or variable annotation:
+
+    ```python
+    x: Final[int] = 1
+    y: Final[str]
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`Final`][typing.Final].
+    """
+
+    CLASS = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a class:
+
+    ```python
+    class Test:
+        x: Final[int] = 1
+        y: ClassVar[str]
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar], [`Final`][typing.Final].
+    """
+
+    DATACLASS = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a dataclass:
+
+    ```python
+    @dataclass
+    class Test:
+        x: Final[int] = 1
+        y: InitVar[str] = 'test'
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar], [`Final`][typing.Final], [`InitVar`][dataclasses.InitVar].
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    TYPED_DICT = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a [`TypedDict`][typing.TypedDict]:
+
+    ```python
+    class TD(TypedDict):
+        x: Required[ReadOnly[int]]
+        y: ReadOnly[NotRequired[str]]
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** [`ReadOnly`][typing.ReadOnly], [`Required`][typing.Required],
+    [`NotRequired`][typing.NotRequired].
+    """
+
+    NAMED_TUPLE = auto()
+    """An annotation used in the body of a [`NamedTuple`][typing.NamedTuple].
+
+    ```python
+    class NT(NamedTuple):
+        x: int
+        y: str
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** none.
+    """
+
+    FUNCTION = auto()
+    """An annotation used in a function, either for a parameter or the return value.
+
+    ```python
+    def func(a: int) -> str:
+        ...
+    ```
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** none.
+    """
+
+    ANY = auto()
+    """An annotation that might come from any source.
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** all.
+    """
+
+    BARE = auto()
+    """An annotation that is inspected as is.
+
+    **Allowed type qualifiers:** none.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def allowed_qualifiers(self) -> set[Qualifier]:
+        """The allowed [type qualifiers][type qualifier] for this annotation source."""
+        # TODO use a match statement when Python 3.9 support is dropped.
+        if self is AnnotationSource.ASSIGNMENT_OR_VARIABLE:
+            return {'final'}
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.CLASS:
+            return {'final', 'class_var'}
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.DATACLASS:
+            return {'final', 'class_var', 'init_var'}
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.TYPED_DICT:
+            return {'required', 'not_required', 'read_only'}
+        elif self in (AnnotationSource.NAMED_TUPLE, AnnotationSource.FUNCTION, AnnotationSource.BARE):
+            return set()
+        elif self is AnnotationSource.ANY:
+            return _all_qualifiers
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            assert_never(self)
+
+
+class ForbiddenQualifier(Exception):
+    """The provided [type qualifier][] is forbidden."""
+
+    qualifier: Qualifier
+    """The forbidden qualifier."""
+
+    def __init__(self, qualifier: Qualifier, /) -> None:
+        self.qualifier = qualifier
+
+
+class _UnknownTypeEnum(Enum):
+    UNKNOWN = auto()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return 'UNKNOWN'
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return '<UNKNOWN>'
+
+
+UNKNOWN = _UnknownTypeEnum.UNKNOWN
+"""A sentinel value used when no [type expression][] is present."""
+
+_UnkownType: TypeAlias = Literal[_UnknownTypeEnum.UNKNOWN]
+"""The type of the [`UNKNOWN`][typing_inspection.introspection.UNKNOWN] sentinel value."""
+
+
+class InspectedAnnotation(NamedTuple):
+    """The result of the inspected annotation."""
+
+    type: Any | _UnkownType
+    """The final [type expression][], with [type qualifiers][type qualifier] and annotated metadata stripped.
+
+    If no type expression is available, the [`UNKNOWN`][typing_inspection.introspection.UNKNOWN] sentinel
+    value is used instead. This is the case when a [type qualifier][] is used with no type annotation:
+
+    ```python
+    ID: Final = 1
+
+    class C:
+        x: ClassVar = 'test'
+    ```
+    """
+
+    qualifiers: set[Qualifier]
+    """The [type qualifiers][type qualifier] present on the annotation."""
+
+    metadata: list[Any]
+    """The annotated metadata."""
+
+
+def inspect_annotation(  # noqa: PLR0915
+    annotation: Any,
+    /,
+    *,
+    annotation_source: AnnotationSource,
+    unpack_type_aliases: Literal['skip', 'lenient', 'eager'] = 'skip',
+) -> InspectedAnnotation:
+    """Inspect an [annotation expression][], extracting any [type qualifier][] and metadata.
+
+    An [annotation expression][] is a [type expression][] optionally surrounded by one or more
+    [type qualifiers][type qualifier] or by [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated]. This function will:
+
+    - Unwrap the type expression, keeping track of the type qualifiers.
+    - Unwrap [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] forms, keeping track of the annotated metadata.
+
+    Args:
+        annotation: The annotation expression to be inspected.
+        annotation_source: The source of the annotation. Depending on the source (e.g. a class), different type
+            qualifiers may be (dis)allowed. To allow any type qualifier, use
+            [`AnnotationSource.ANY`][typing_inspection.introspection.AnnotationSource.ANY].
+        unpack_type_aliases: What to do when encountering [PEP 695](https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/)
+            [type aliases][type-aliases]. Can be one of:
+
+            - `'skip'`: Do not try to parse type aliases (the default):
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyInt = Annotated[int, 'meta']
+              >>> inspect_annotation(MyInt, annotation_source=AnnotationSource.BARE, unpack_type_aliases='skip')
+              InspectedAnnotation(type=MyInt, qualifiers={}, metadata=[])
+              ```
+
+            - `'lenient'`: Try to parse type aliases, and fallback to `'skip'` if the type alias
+              can't be inspected (because of an undefined forward reference):
+              ```pycon
+              >>> type MyInt = Annotated[Undefined, 'meta']
+              >>> inspect_annotation(MyInt, annotation_source=AnnotationSource.BARE, unpack_type_aliases='lenient')
+              InspectedAnnotation(type=MyInt, qualifiers={}, metadata=[])
+              >>> Undefined = int
+              >>> inspect_annotation(MyInt, annotation_source=AnnotationSource.BARE, unpack_type_aliases='lenient')
+              InspectedAnnotation(type=int, qualifiers={}, metadata=['meta'])
+              ```
+
+            - `'eager'`: Parse type aliases and raise any encountered [`NameError`][] exceptions.
+
+    Returns:
+        The result of the inspected annotation, where the type expression, used qualifiers and metadata is stored.
+
+    Example:
+        ```pycon
+        >>> inspect_annotation(
+        ...     Final[Annotated[ClassVar[Annotated[int, 'meta_1']], 'meta_2']],
+        ...     annotation_source=AnnotationSource.CLASS,
+        ... )
+        ...
+        InspectedAnnotation(type=int, qualifiers={'class_var', 'final'}, metadata=['meta_1', 'meta_2'])
+        ```
+    """
+    allowed_qualifiers = annotation_source.allowed_qualifiers
+    qualifiers: set[Qualifier] = set()
+    metadata: list[Any] = []
+
+    while True:
+        annotation, _meta = _unpack_annotated(annotation, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases)
+        if _meta:
+            metadata = _meta + metadata
+            continue
+
+        origin = get_origin(annotation)
+        if origin is not None:
+            if typing_objects.is_classvar(origin):
+                if 'class_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('class_var')
+                qualifiers.add('class_var')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_final(origin):
+                if 'final' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('final')
+                qualifiers.add('final')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_required(origin):
+                if 'required' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('required')
+                qualifiers.add('required')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_notrequired(origin):
+                if 'not_required' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('not_required')
+                qualifiers.add('not_required')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            elif typing_objects.is_readonly(origin):
+                if 'read_only' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                    raise ForbiddenQualifier('not_required')
+                qualifiers.add('read_only')
+                annotation = annotation.__args__[0]
+            else:
+                # origin is not None but not a type qualifier nor `Annotated` (e.g. `list[int]`):
+                break
+        elif isinstance(annotation, InitVar):
+            if 'init_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+                raise ForbiddenQualifier('init_var')
+            qualifiers.add('init_var')
+            annotation = cast(Any, annotation.type)
+        else:
+            break
+
+    # `Final`, `ClassVar` and `InitVar` are type qualifiers allowed to be used as a bare annotation:
+    if typing_objects.is_final(annotation):
+        if 'final' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+            raise ForbiddenQualifier('final')
+        qualifiers.add('final')
+        annotation = UNKNOWN
+    elif typing_objects.is_classvar(annotation):
+        if 'class_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+            raise ForbiddenQualifier('class_var')
+        qualifiers.add('class_var')
+        annotation = UNKNOWN
+    elif annotation is InitVar:
+        if 'init_var' not in allowed_qualifiers:
+            raise ForbiddenQualifier('init_var')
+        qualifiers.add('init_var')
+        annotation = UNKNOWN
+
+    return InspectedAnnotation(annotation, qualifiers, metadata)
+
+
+def _unpack_annotated_inner(
+    annotation: Any, unpack_type_aliases: Literal['lenient', 'eager'], check_annotated: bool
+) -> tuple[Any, list[Any]]:
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if check_annotated and typing_objects.is_annotated(origin):
+        annotated_type = annotation.__origin__
+        metadata = list(annotation.__metadata__)
+
+        # The annotated type might be a PEP 695 type alias, so we need to recursively
+        # unpack it. Because Python already flattens `Annotated[Annotated[<type>, ...], ...]` forms,
+        # we can skip the `is_annotated()` check in the next call:
+        annotated_type, sub_meta = _unpack_annotated_inner(
+            annotated_type, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=False
+        )
+        metadata = sub_meta + metadata
+        return annotated_type, metadata
+    elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(annotation):
+        try:
+            value = annotation.__value__
+        except NameError:
+            if unpack_type_aliases == 'eager':
+                raise
+        else:
+            typ, metadata = _unpack_annotated_inner(
+                value, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=True
+            )
+            if metadata:
+                # Having metadata means the type alias' `__value__` was an `Annotated` form
+                # (or, recursively, a type alias to an `Annotated` form). It is important to check
+                # for this, as we don't want to unpack other type aliases (e.g. `type MyInt = int`).
+                return typ, metadata
+            return annotation, []
+    elif typing_objects.is_typealiastype(origin):
+        # When parameterized, PEP 695 type aliases become generic aliases
+        # (e.g. with `type MyList[T] = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, `MyList[int]`
+        # is a generic alias).
+        try:
+            value = origin.__value__
+        except NameError:
+            if unpack_type_aliases == 'eager':
+                raise
+        else:
+            # While Python already handles type variable replacement for simple `Annotated` forms,
+            # we need to manually apply the same logic for PEP 695 type aliases:
+            # - With `MyList = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, `MyList[int] == Annotated[list[int], ...]`
+            # - With `type MyList[T] = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, `MyList[int].__value__ == Annotated[list[T], ...]`.
+
+            try:
+                # To do so, we emulate the parameterization of the value with the arguments:
+                # with `type MyList[T] = Annotated[list[T], ...]`, to emulate `MyList[int]`,
+                # we do `Annotated[list[T], ...][int]` (which gives `Annotated[list[T], ...]`):
+                value = value[annotation.__args__]
+            except TypeError:
+                # Might happen if the type alias is parameterized, but its value doesn't have any
+                # type variables, e.g. `type MyInt[T] = int`.
+                pass
+            typ, metadata = _unpack_annotated_inner(
+                value, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=True
+            )
+            if metadata:
+                return typ, metadata
+            return annotation, []
+
+    return annotation, []
+
+
+# This could eventually be made public:
+def _unpack_annotated(
+    annotation: Any, /, *, unpack_type_aliases: Literal['skip', 'lenient', 'eager'] = 'eager'
+) -> tuple[Any, list[Any]]:
+    if unpack_type_aliases == 'skip':
+        if typing_objects.is_annotated(get_origin(annotation)):
+            return annotation.__origin__, list(annotation.__metadata__)
+        else:
+            return annotation, []
+
+    return _unpack_annotated_inner(annotation, unpack_type_aliases=unpack_type_aliases, check_annotated=True)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc44ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.py
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+"""Low-level introspection utilities for [`typing`][] members.
+
+The provided functions in this module check against both the [`typing`][] and [`typing_extensions`][]
+variants, if they exists and are different.
+"""
+# ruff: noqa: UP006
+
+import collections.abc
+import contextlib
+import re
+import sys
+import typing
+import warnings
+from textwrap import dedent
+from types import FunctionType, GenericAlias
+from typing import Any, Final
+
+import typing_extensions
+from typing_extensions import LiteralString, TypeAliasType, TypeIs, deprecated
+
+__all__ = (
+    'DEPRECATED_ALIASES',
+    'NoneType',
+    'is_annotated',
+    'is_any',
+    'is_classvar',
+    'is_concatenate',
+    'is_deprecated',
+    'is_final',
+    'is_forwardref',
+    'is_generic',
+    'is_literal',
+    'is_literalstring',
+    'is_namedtuple',
+    'is_never',
+    'is_newtype',
+    'is_nodefault',
+    'is_noextraitems',
+    'is_noreturn',
+    'is_notrequired',
+    'is_paramspec',
+    'is_paramspecargs',
+    'is_paramspeckwargs',
+    'is_readonly',
+    'is_required',
+    'is_self',
+    'is_typealias',
+    'is_typealiastype',
+    'is_typeguard',
+    'is_typeis',
+    'is_typevar',
+    'is_typevartuple',
+    'is_union',
+    'is_unpack',
+)
+
+_IS_PY310 = sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 10)
+
+
+def _compile_identity_check_function(member: LiteralString, function_name: LiteralString) -> FunctionType:
+    """Create a function checking that the function argument is the (unparameterized) typing `member`.
+
+    The function will make sure to check against both the `typing` and `typing_extensions`
+    variants as depending on the Python version, the `typing_extensions` variant might be different.
+    For instance, on Python 3.9:
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> from typing import Literal as t_Literal
+    >>> from typing_extensions import Literal as te_Literal, get_origin
+
+    >>> t_Literal is te_Literal
+    False
+    >>> get_origin(t_Literal[1])
+    typing.Literal
+    >>> get_origin(te_Literal[1])
+    typing_extensions.Literal
+    ```
+    """
+    in_typing = hasattr(typing, member)
+    in_typing_extensions = hasattr(typing_extensions, member)
+
+    if in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        if getattr(typing, member) is getattr(typing_extensions, member):
+            check_code = f'obj is typing.{member}'
+        else:
+            check_code = f'obj is typing.{member} or obj is typing_extensions.{member}'
+    elif in_typing and not in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'obj is typing.{member}'
+    elif not in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'obj is typing_extensions.{member}'
+    else:
+        check_code = 'False'
+
+    func_code = dedent(f"""
+    def {function_name}(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        return {check_code}
+    """)
+
+    locals_: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    globals_: dict[str, Any] = {'Any': Any, 'typing': typing, 'typing_extensions': typing_extensions}
+    exec(func_code, globals_, locals_)
+    return locals_[function_name]
+
+
+def _compile_isinstance_check_function(member: LiteralString, function_name: LiteralString) -> FunctionType:
+    """Create a function checking that the function is an instance of the typing `member`.
+
+    The function will make sure to check against both the `typing` and `typing_extensions`
+    variants as depending on the Python version, the `typing_extensions` variant might be different.
+    """
+    in_typing = hasattr(typing, member)
+    in_typing_extensions = hasattr(typing_extensions, member)
+
+    if in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        if getattr(typing, member) is getattr(typing_extensions, member):
+            check_code = f'isinstance(obj, typing.{member})'
+        else:
+            check_code = f'isinstance(obj, (typing.{member}, typing_extensions.{member}))'
+    elif in_typing and not in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'isinstance(obj, typing.{member})'
+    elif not in_typing and in_typing_extensions:
+        check_code = f'isinstance(obj, typing_extensions.{member})'
+    else:
+        check_code = 'False'
+
+    func_code = dedent(f"""
+    def {function_name}(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[{member}]':
+        return {check_code}
+    """)
+
+    locals_: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    globals_: dict[str, Any] = {'Any': Any, 'typing': typing, 'typing_extensions': typing_extensions}
+    exec(func_code, globals_, locals_)
+    return locals_[function_name]
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from types import NoneType
+else:
+    NoneType = type(None)
+
+# Keep this ordered, as per `typing.__all__`:
+
+is_annotated = _compile_identity_check_function('Annotated', 'is_annotated')
+is_annotated.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_annotated(Annotated)
+True
+>>> is_annotated(Annotated[int, ...])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_any = _compile_identity_check_function('Any', 'is_any')
+is_any.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Any`][typing.Any] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_any(Any)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_classvar = _compile_identity_check_function('ClassVar', 'is_classvar')
+is_classvar.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar] [type qualifier][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_classvar(ClassVar)
+True
+>>> is_classvar(ClassVar[int])
+>>> False
+```
+"""
+
+is_concatenate = _compile_identity_check_function('Concatenate', 'is_concatenate')
+is_concatenate.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Concatenate`][typing.Concatenate] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_concatenate(Concatenate)
+True
+>>> is_concatenate(Concatenate[int, P])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_final = _compile_identity_check_function('Final', 'is_final')
+is_final.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Final`][typing.Final] [type qualifier][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_final(Final)
+True
+>>> is_final(Final[int])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+
+# Unlikely to have a different version in `typing-extensions`, but keep it consistent.
+# Also note that starting in 3.14, this is an alias to `annotationlib.ForwardRef`, but
+# accessing it from `typing` doesn't seem to be deprecated.
+is_forwardref = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ForwardRef', 'is_forwardref')
+is_forwardref.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ForwardRef`][typing.ForwardRef].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_forwardref(ForwardRef('T'))
+True
+```
+"""
+
+
+is_generic = _compile_identity_check_function('Generic', 'is_generic')
+is_generic.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Generic`][typing.Generic] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_generic(Generic)
+True
+>>> is_generic(Generic[T])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_literal = _compile_identity_check_function('Literal', 'is_literal')
+is_literal.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_literal(Literal)
+True
+>>> is_literal(Literal["a"])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+
+# `get_origin(Optional[int]) is Union`, so `is_optional()` isn't implemented.
+
+is_paramspec = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ParamSpec', 'is_paramspec')
+is_paramspec.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpec`][typing.ParamSpec].
+
+```pycon
+>>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+>>> is_paramspec(P)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+# Protocol?
+
+is_typevar = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeVar', 'is_typevar')
+is_typevar.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVar`][typing.TypeVar].
+
+```pycon
+>>> T = TypeVar('T')
+>>> is_typevar(T)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_typevartuple = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeVarTuple', 'is_typevartuple')
+is_typevartuple.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVarTuple`][typing.TypeVarTuple].
+
+```pycon
+>>> Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+>>> is_typevartuple(Ts)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_union = _compile_identity_check_function('Union', 'is_union')
+is_union.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Union`][typing.Union] [special form][].
+
+This function can also be used to check for the [`Optional`][typing.Optional] [special form][],
+as at runtime, `Optional[int]` is equivalent to `Union[int, None]`.
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_union(Union)
+True
+>>> is_union(Union[int, str])
+False
+```
+
+!!! warning
+    This does not check for unions using the [new syntax][types-union] (e.g. `int | str`).
+"""
+
+
+def is_namedtuple(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the argument is a named tuple type.
+
+    This includes [`NamedTuple`][typing.NamedTuple] subclasses and classes created from the
+    [`collections.namedtuple`][] factory function.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> class User(NamedTuple):
+    ...     name: str
+    ...
+    >>> is_namedtuple(User)
+    True
+    >>> City = collections.namedtuple('City', [])
+    >>> is_namedtuple(City)
+    True
+    >>> is_namedtuple(NamedTuple)
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, type) and issubclass(obj, tuple) and hasattr(obj, '_fields')  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownArgumentType]
+
+
+# TypedDict?
+
+# BinaryIO? IO? TextIO?
+
+is_literalstring = _compile_identity_check_function('LiteralString', 'is_literalstring')
+is_literalstring.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`LiteralString`][typing.LiteralString] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_literalstring(LiteralString)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_never = _compile_identity_check_function('Never', 'is_never')
+is_never.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Never`][typing.Never] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_never(Never)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    is_newtype = _compile_isinstance_check_function('NewType', 'is_newtype')
+else:  # On Python 3.10, `NewType` is a function.
+
+    def is_newtype(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+        return hasattr(obj, '__supertype__')
+
+
+is_newtype.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is a [`NewType`][typing.NewType].
+
+```pycon
+>>> UserId = NewType("UserId", int)
+>>> is_newtype(UserId)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_nodefault = _compile_identity_check_function('NoDefault', 'is_nodefault')
+is_nodefault.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`NoDefault`][typing.NoDefault] sentinel object.
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_nodefault(NoDefault)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_noextraitems = _compile_identity_check_function('NoExtraItems', 'is_noextraitems')
+is_noextraitems.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the `NoExtraItems` sentinel object.
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_noextraitems(NoExtraItems)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_noreturn = _compile_identity_check_function('NoReturn', 'is_noreturn')
+is_noreturn.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`NoReturn`][typing.NoReturn] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_noreturn(NoReturn)
+True
+>>> is_noreturn(Never)
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_notrequired = _compile_identity_check_function('NotRequired', 'is_notrequired')
+is_notrequired.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`NotRequired`][typing.NotRequired] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_notrequired(NotRequired)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_paramspecargs = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ParamSpecArgs', 'is_paramspecargs')
+is_paramspecargs.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecArgs`][typing.ParamSpecArgs].
+
+```pycon
+>>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+>>> is_paramspecargs(P.args)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_paramspeckwargs = _compile_isinstance_check_function('ParamSpecKwargs', 'is_paramspeckwargs')
+is_paramspeckwargs.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecKwargs`][typing.ParamSpecKwargs].
+
+```pycon
+>>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+>>> is_paramspeckwargs(P.kwargs)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_readonly = _compile_identity_check_function('ReadOnly', 'is_readonly')
+is_readonly.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`ReadOnly`][typing.ReadOnly] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_readonly(ReadOnly)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_required = _compile_identity_check_function('Required', 'is_required')
+is_required.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Required`][typing.Required] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_required(Required)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_self = _compile_identity_check_function('Self', 'is_self')
+is_self.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Self`][typing.Self] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_self(Self)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+# TYPE_CHECKING?
+
+is_typealias = _compile_identity_check_function('TypeAlias', 'is_typealias')
+is_typealias.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`TypeAlias`][typing.TypeAlias] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_typealias(TypeAlias)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_typeguard = _compile_identity_check_function('TypeGuard', 'is_typeguard')
+is_typeguard.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`TypeGuard`][typing.TypeGuard] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_typeguard(TypeGuard)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+is_typeis = _compile_identity_check_function('TypeIs', 'is_typeis')
+is_typeis.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`TypeIs`][typing.TypeIs] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_typeis(TypeIs)
+True
+```
+"""
+
+_is_typealiastype_inner = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeAliasType', '_is_typealiastype_inner')
+
+
+if _IS_PY310:
+    # Parameterized PEP 695 type aliases are instances of `types.GenericAlias` in typing_extensions>=4.13.0.
+    # On Python 3.10, with `Alias[int]` being such an instance of `GenericAlias`,
+    # `isinstance(Alias[int], TypeAliasType)` returns `True`.
+    # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/89828.
+    def is_typealiastype(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[TypeAliasType]':
+        return type(obj) is not GenericAlias and _is_typealiastype_inner(obj)
+else:
+    is_typealiastype = _compile_isinstance_check_function('TypeAliasType', 'is_typealiastype')
+
+is_typealiastype.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is a [`TypeAliasType`][typing.TypeAliasType] instance.
+
+```pycon
+>>> type MyInt = int
+>>> is_typealiastype(MyInt)
+True
+>>> MyStr = TypeAliasType("MyStr", str)
+>>> is_typealiastype(MyStr):
+True
+>>> type MyList[T] = list[T]
+>>> is_typealiastype(MyList[int])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+is_unpack = _compile_identity_check_function('Unpack', 'is_unpack')
+is_unpack.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is the [`Unpack`][typing.Unpack] [special form][].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_unpack(Unpack)
+True
+>>> is_unpack(Unpack[Ts])
+False
+```
+"""
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+
+    def is_deprecated(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[deprecated]':
+        return isinstance(obj, (warnings.deprecated, typing_extensions.deprecated))
+
+else:
+
+    def is_deprecated(obj: Any, /) -> 'TypeIs[deprecated]':
+        return isinstance(obj, typing_extensions.deprecated)
+
+
+is_deprecated.__doc__ = """
+Return whether the argument is a [`deprecated`][warnings.deprecated] instance.
+
+This also includes the [`typing_extensions` backport][typing_extensions.deprecated].
+
+```pycon
+>>> is_deprecated(warnings.deprecated('message'))
+True
+>>> is_deprecated(typing_extensions.deprecated('message'))
+True
+```
+"""
+
+
+# Aliases defined in the `typing` module using `typing._SpecialGenericAlias` (itself aliased as `alias()`):
+DEPRECATED_ALIASES: Final[dict[Any, type[Any]]] = {
+    typing.Hashable: collections.abc.Hashable,
+    typing.Awaitable: collections.abc.Awaitable,
+    typing.Coroutine: collections.abc.Coroutine,
+    typing.AsyncIterable: collections.abc.AsyncIterable,
+    typing.AsyncIterator: collections.abc.AsyncIterator,
+    typing.Iterable: collections.abc.Iterable,
+    typing.Iterator: collections.abc.Iterator,
+    typing.Reversible: collections.abc.Reversible,
+    typing.Sized: collections.abc.Sized,
+    typing.Container: collections.abc.Container,
+    typing.Collection: collections.abc.Collection,
+    # type ignore reason: https://github.com/python/typeshed/issues/6257:
+    typing.Callable: collections.abc.Callable,  # pyright: ignore[reportAssignmentType, reportUnknownMemberType]
+    typing.AbstractSet: collections.abc.Set,
+    typing.MutableSet: collections.abc.MutableSet,
+    typing.Mapping: collections.abc.Mapping,
+    typing.MutableMapping: collections.abc.MutableMapping,
+    typing.Sequence: collections.abc.Sequence,
+    typing.MutableSequence: collections.abc.MutableSequence,
+    typing.Tuple: tuple,
+    typing.List: list,
+    typing.Deque: collections.deque,
+    typing.Set: set,
+    typing.FrozenSet: frozenset,
+    typing.MappingView: collections.abc.MappingView,
+    typing.KeysView: collections.abc.KeysView,
+    typing.ItemsView: collections.abc.ItemsView,
+    typing.ValuesView: collections.abc.ValuesView,
+    typing.Dict: dict,
+    typing.DefaultDict: collections.defaultdict,
+    typing.OrderedDict: collections.OrderedDict,
+    typing.Counter: collections.Counter,
+    typing.ChainMap: collections.ChainMap,
+    typing.Generator: collections.abc.Generator,
+    typing.AsyncGenerator: collections.abc.AsyncGenerator,
+    typing.Type: type,
+    # Defined in `typing.__getattr__`:
+    typing.Pattern: re.Pattern,
+    typing.Match: re.Match,
+    typing.ContextManager: contextlib.AbstractContextManager,
+    typing.AsyncContextManager: contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager,
+    # Skipped: `ByteString` (deprecated, removed in 3.14)
+}
+"""A mapping between the deprecated typing aliases to their replacement, as per [PEP 585](https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/)."""
+
+
+# Add the `typing_extensions` aliases:
+for alias, target in list(DEPRECATED_ALIASES.items()):
+    # Use `alias.__name__` when we drop support for Python 3.9
+    if (te_alias := getattr(typing_extensions, alias._name, None)) is not None:
+        DEPRECATED_ALIASES[te_alias] = target
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5071598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/typing_inspection/typing_objects.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+# Stub file generated using:
+# `stubgen --inspect-mode --include-docstrings -m typing_inspection.typing_objects`
+# (manual edits need to be applied).
+"""Low-level introspection utilities for [`typing`][] members.
+
+The provided functions in this module check against both the [`typing`][] and [`typing_extensions`][]
+variants, if they exists and are different.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Final, ForwardRef, NewType, TypeVar
+
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, ParamSpecArgs, ParamSpecKwargs, TypeAliasType, TypeIs, TypeVarTuple, deprecated
+
+__all__ = [
+    'DEPRECATED_ALIASES',
+    'NoneType',
+    'is_annotated',
+    'is_any',
+    'is_classvar',
+    'is_concatenate',
+    'is_deprecated',
+    'is_final',
+    'is_generic',
+    'is_literal',
+    'is_literalstring',
+    'is_namedtuple',
+    'is_never',
+    'is_newtype',
+    'is_nodefault',
+    'is_noextraitems',
+    'is_noreturn',
+    'is_notrequired',
+    'is_paramspec',
+    'is_paramspecargs',
+    'is_paramspeckwargs',
+    'is_readonly',
+    'is_required',
+    'is_self',
+    'is_typealias',
+    'is_typealiastype',
+    'is_typeguard',
+    'is_typeis',
+    'is_typevar',
+    'is_typevartuple',
+    'is_union',
+    'is_unpack',
+]
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from types import NoneType
+else:
+    NoneType = type(None)
+
+def is_annotated(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Annotated`][typing.Annotated] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_annotated(Annotated)
+    True
+    >>> is_annotated(Annotated[int, ...])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_any(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Any`][typing.Any] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_any(Any)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_classvar(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`ClassVar`][typing.ClassVar] [type qualifier][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_classvar(ClassVar)
+    True
+    >>> is_classvar(ClassVar[int])
+    >>> False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_concatenate(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Concatenate`][typing.Concatenate] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_concatenate(Concatenate)
+    True
+    >>> is_concatenate(Concatenate[int, P])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_final(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Final`][typing.Final] [type qualifier][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_final(Final)
+    True
+    >>> is_final(Final[int])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_forwardref(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ForwardRef]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ForwardRef`][typing.ForwardRef].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_forwardref(ForwardRef('T'))
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_generic(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Generic`][typing.Generic] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_generic(Generic)
+    True
+    >>> is_generic(Generic[T])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_literal(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Literal`][typing.Literal] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_literal(Literal)
+    True
+    >>> is_literal(Literal["a"])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_paramspec(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ParamSpec]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpec`][typing.ParamSpec].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+    >>> is_paramspec(P)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typevar(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[TypeVar]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVar`][typing.TypeVar].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> T = TypeVar('T')
+    >>> is_typevar(T)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typevartuple(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[TypeVarTuple]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`TypeVarTuple`][typing.TypeVarTuple].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts')
+    >>> is_typevartuple(Ts)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_union(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Union`][typing.Union] [special form][].
+
+    This function can also be used to check for the [`Optional`][typing.Optional] [special form][],
+    as at runtime, `Optional[int]` is equivalent to `Union[int, None]`.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_union(Union)
+    True
+    >>> is_union(Union[int, str])
+    False
+    ```
+
+    !!! warning
+        This does not check for unions using the [new syntax][types-union] (e.g. `int | str`).
+    """
+
+def is_namedtuple(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """Return whether the argument is a named tuple type.
+
+    This includes [`NamedTuple`][typing.NamedTuple] subclasses and classes created from the
+    [`collections.namedtuple`][] factory function.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> class User(NamedTuple):
+    ...     name: str
+    ...
+    >>> is_namedtuple(User)
+    True
+    >>> City = collections.namedtuple('City', [])
+    >>> is_namedtuple(City)
+    True
+    >>> is_namedtuple(NamedTuple)
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_literalstring(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`LiteralString`][typing.LiteralString] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_literalstring(LiteralString)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_never(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Never`][typing.Never] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_never(Never)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_newtype(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[NewType]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is a [`NewType`][typing.NewType].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> UserId = NewType("UserId", int)
+    >>> is_newtype(UserId)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_nodefault(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`NoDefault`][typing.NoDefault] sentinel object.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_nodefault(NoDefault)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_noextraitems(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the `NoExtraItems` sentinel object.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_noextraitems(NoExtraItems)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_noreturn(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`NoReturn`][typing.NoReturn] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_noreturn(NoReturn)
+    True
+    >>> is_noreturn(Never)
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_notrequired(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`NotRequired`][typing.NotRequired] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_notrequired(NotRequired)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_paramspecargs(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ParamSpecArgs]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecArgs`][typing.ParamSpecArgs].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+    >>> is_paramspecargs(P.args)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_paramspeckwargs(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[ParamSpecKwargs]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is an instance of [`ParamSpecKwargs`][typing.ParamSpecKwargs].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> P = ParamSpec('P')
+    >>> is_paramspeckwargs(P.kwargs)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_readonly(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`ReadOnly`][typing.ReadOnly] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_readonly(ReadOnly)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_required(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Required`][typing.Required] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_required(Required)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_self(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Self`][typing.Self] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_self(Self)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typealias(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`TypeAlias`][typing.TypeAlias] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_typealias(TypeAlias)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typeguard(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`TypeGuard`][typing.TypeGuard] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_typeguard(TypeGuard)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typeis(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`TypeIs`][typing.TypeIs] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_typeis(TypeIs)
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_typealiastype(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[TypeAliasType]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is a [`TypeAliasType`][typing.TypeAliasType] instance.
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> type MyInt = int
+    >>> is_typealiastype(MyInt)
+    True
+    >>> MyStr = TypeAliasType("MyStr", str)
+    >>> is_typealiastype(MyStr):
+    True
+    >>> type MyList[T] = list[T]
+    >>> is_typealiastype(MyList[int])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_unpack(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is the [`Unpack`][typing.Unpack] [special form][].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_unpack(Unpack)
+    True
+    >>> is_unpack(Unpack[Ts])
+    False
+    ```
+    """
+
+def is_deprecated(obj: Any, /) -> TypeIs[deprecated]:
+    """
+    Return whether the argument is a [`deprecated`][warnings.deprecated] instance.
+
+    This also includes the [`typing_extensions` backport][typing_extensions.deprecated].
+
+    ```pycon
+    >>> is_deprecated(warnings.deprecated('message'))
+    True
+    >>> is_deprecated(typing_extensions.deprecated('deprecated'))
+    True
+    ```
+    """
+
+DEPRECATED_ALIASES: Final[dict[Any, type[Any]]]
+"""A mapping between the deprecated typing aliases to their replacement, as per [PEP 585](https://peps.python.org/pep-0585/)."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..390a458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: uvicorn
+Version: 0.49.0
+Summary: The lightning-fast ASGI server.
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://uvicorn.dev/release-notes
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/encode
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://uvicorn.dev/
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn
+Author-email: Tom Christie <tom@tomchristie.com>
+Maintainer-email: Marcelo Trylesinski <marcelotryle@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE.md
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: click>=7.0
+Requires-Dist: h11>=0.8
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.0; python_version < '3.11'
+Provides-Extra: standard
+Requires-Dist: colorama>=0.4; (sys_platform == 'win32') and extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: httptools>=0.8.0; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: python-dotenv>=0.13; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: pyyaml>=5.1; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: uvloop>=0.15.1; (sys_platform != 'win32' and (sys_platform != 'cygwin' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy')) and extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: watchfiles>=0.20; extra == 'standard'
+Requires-Dist: websockets>=10.4; extra == 'standard'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img width="320" height="320" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tomchristie/uvicorn/main/docs/uvicorn.png" alt='uvicorn'>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+<em>An ASGI web server, for Python.</em>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg)](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/actions)
+[![Package version](https://badge.fury.io/py/uvicorn.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uvicorn)
+[![Supported Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/uvicorn.svg?color=%2334D058)](https://pypi.org/project/uvicorn)
+[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/1051468649518616576?logo=discord&logoColor=ffffff&color=7389D8&labelColor=6A7EC2)](https://discord.gg/RxKUF5JuHs)
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [https://uvicorn.dev](https://uvicorn.dev)
+
+**Source Code**: [https://www.github.com/Kludex/uvicorn](https://www.github.com/Kludex/uvicorn)
+
+---
+
+Uvicorn is an ASGI web server implementation for Python.
+
+Until recently Python has lacked a minimal low-level server/application interface for
+async frameworks. The [ASGI specification][asgi] fills this gap, and means we're now able to
+start building a common set of tooling usable across all async frameworks.
+
+Uvicorn supports HTTP/1.1 and WebSockets.
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Install using `pip`:
+
+```shell
+$ pip install uvicorn
+```
+
+This will install uvicorn with minimal (pure Python) dependencies.
+
+```shell
+$ pip install 'uvicorn[standard]'
+```
+
+This will install uvicorn with "Cython-based" dependencies (where possible) and other "optional extras".
+
+In this context, "Cython-based" means the following:
+
+- the event loop `uvloop` will be installed and used if possible.
+- the http protocol will be handled by `httptools` if possible.
+
+Moreover, "optional extras" means that:
+
+- the websocket protocol will be handled by `websockets` (should you want to use `wsproto` you'd need to install it manually) if possible.
+- the `--reload` flag in development mode will use `watchfiles`.
+- windows users will have `colorama` installed for the colored logs.
+- `python-dotenv` will be installed should you want to use the `--env-file` option.
+- `PyYAML` will be installed to allow you to provide a `.yaml` file to `--log-config`, if desired.
+
+Create an application, in `example.py`:
+
+```python
+async def app(scope, receive, send):
+    assert scope['type'] == 'http'
+
+    await send({
+        'type': 'http.response.start',
+        'status': 200,
+        'headers': [
+            (b'content-type', b'text/plain'),
+        ],
+    })
+    await send({
+        'type': 'http.response.body',
+        'body': b'Hello, world!',
+    })
+```
+
+Run the server:
+
+```shell
+$ uvicorn example:app
+```
+
+---
+
+## Why ASGI?
+
+Most well established Python Web frameworks started out as WSGI-based frameworks.
+
+WSGI applications are a single, synchronous callable that takes a request and returns a response.
+This doesn’t allow for long-lived connections, like you get with long-poll HTTP or WebSocket connections,
+which WSGI doesn't support well.
+
+Having an async concurrency model also allows for options such as lightweight background tasks,
+and can be less of a limiting factor for endpoints that have long periods being blocked on network
+I/O such as dealing with slow HTTP requests.
+
+---
+
+## Alternative ASGI servers
+
+A strength of the ASGI protocol is that it decouples the server implementation
+from the application framework. This allows for an ecosystem of interoperating
+webservers and application frameworks.
+
+### Daphne
+
+The first ASGI server implementation, originally developed to power Django Channels, is [the Daphne webserver][daphne].
+
+It is run widely in production, and supports HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and WebSockets.
+
+Any of the example applications given here can equally well be run using `daphne` instead.
+
+```
+$ pip install daphne
+$ daphne app:App
+```
+
+### Hypercorn
+
+[Hypercorn][hypercorn] was initially part of the Quart web framework, before
+being separated out into a standalone ASGI server.
+
+Hypercorn supports HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and WebSockets.
+
+It also supports [the excellent `trio` async framework][trio], as an alternative to `asyncio`.
+
+```
+$ pip install hypercorn
+$ hypercorn app:App
+```
+
+### Mangum
+
+[Mangum][mangum] is an adapter for using ASGI applications with AWS Lambda & API Gateway.
+
+### Granian
+
+[Granian][granian] is an ASGI compatible Rust HTTP server which supports HTTP/2, TLS and WebSockets.
+
+---
+
+<p align="center"><i>Uvicorn is <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/blob/main/LICENSE.md">BSD licensed</a> code.<br/>Designed & crafted with care.</i><br/>&mdash; 🦄  &mdash;</p>
+
+[asgi]: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+[daphne]: https://github.com/django/daphne
+[hypercorn]: https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn
+[trio]: https://trio.readthedocs.io
+[mangum]: https://github.com/jordaneremieff/mangum
+[granian]: https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28d7628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/RECORD
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+uvicorn/server.py,sha256=fXk3__HBf1g-oh_4_OXIpb8tnTyafxuWRiEet6SQEvM,13368
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/REQUESTED b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/REQUESTED
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b94fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.29.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b00fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+uvicorn = uvicorn.main:main
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6bba14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn-0.49.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright © 2017-present, [Encode OSS Ltd](https://www.encode.io/).
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a2760a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.main import Server, main, run
+
+__version__ = "0.49.0"
+__all__ = ["main", "run", "Config", "Server"]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a1dc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import uvicorn
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.main()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/workers.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/__pycache__/workers.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_compat.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..118a19a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+__all__ = ["asyncio_run", "iscoroutinefunction"]
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+else:
+    from asyncio import iscoroutinefunction
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    asyncio_run = asyncio.run
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    def asyncio_run(
+        main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T],
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> _T:
+        # asyncio.run from Python 3.12
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/license.html#psf-license
+        with asyncio.Runner(debug=debug, loop_factory=loop_factory) as runner:
+            return runner.run(main)
+
+else:
+    # modified version of asyncio.run from Python 3.10 to add loop_factory kwarg
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/license.html#psf-license
+    def asyncio_run(
+        main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T],
+        *,
+        debug: bool = False,
+        loop_factory: Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] | None = None,
+    ) -> _T:
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
+
+        if not asyncio.iscoroutine(main):
+            raise ValueError(f"a coroutine was expected, got {main!r}")
+
+        if loop_factory is None:
+            loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        else:
+            loop = loop_factory()
+        try:
+            if loop_factory is None:
+                asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+            if debug is not None:
+                loop.set_debug(debug)
+            return loop.run_until_complete(main)
+        finally:
+            try:
+                _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+            finally:
+                if loop_factory is None:
+                    asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+                loop.close()
+
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+        to_cancel = asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler(
+                    {
+                        "message": "unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown",
+                        "exception": task.exception(),
+                        "task": task,
+                    }
+                )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_subprocess.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c084ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""
+Some light wrappers around Python's multiprocessing, to deal with cleanly
+starting child processes.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from multiprocessing.context import SpawnProcess
+from socket import socket
+
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+multiprocessing.allow_connection_pickling()
+spawn = multiprocessing.get_context("spawn")
+
+
+def get_subprocess(
+    config: Config,
+    target: Callable[..., None],
+    sockets: list[socket],
+) -> SpawnProcess:
+    """
+    Called in the parent process, to instantiate a new child process instance.
+    The child is not yet started at this point.
+
+    * config - The Uvicorn configuration instance.
+    * target - A callable that accepts a list of sockets. In practice this will
+               be the `Server.run()` method.
+    * sockets - A list of sockets to pass to the server. Sockets are bound once
+                by the parent process, and then passed to the child processes.
+    """
+    # We pass across the stdin fileno, and reopen it in the child process.
+    # This is required for some debugging environments.
+    try:
+        stdin_fileno = sys.stdin.fileno()
+    # The `sys.stdin` can be `None`, see https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.__stdin__.
+    except (AttributeError, OSError):
+        stdin_fileno = None
+
+    kwargs = {
+        "config": config,
+        "target": target,
+        "sockets": sockets,
+        "stdin_fileno": stdin_fileno,
+    }
+
+    return spawn.Process(target=subprocess_started, kwargs=kwargs)
+
+
+def subprocess_started(
+    config: Config,
+    target: Callable[..., None],
+    sockets: list[socket],
+    stdin_fileno: int | None,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Called when the child process starts.
+
+    * config - The Uvicorn configuration instance.
+    * target - A callable that accepts a list of sockets. In practice this will
+               be the `Server.run()` method.
+    * sockets - A list of sockets to pass to the server. Sockets are bound once
+                by the parent process, and then passed to the child processes.
+    * stdin_fileno - The file number of sys.stdin, so that it can be reattached
+                     to the child process.
+    """
+    # Re-open stdin.
+    if stdin_fileno is not None:
+        sys.stdin = os.fdopen(stdin_fileno)  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    # Logging needs to be setup again for each child.
+    config.configure_logging()
+
+    try:
+        # Now we can call into `Server.run(sockets=sockets)`
+        target(sockets=sockets)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+        # suppress the exception to avoid a traceback from subprocess.Popen
+        # the parent already expects us to end, so no vital information is lost
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_types.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_types.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..822445a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/_types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+"""
+Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
+       to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+       specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+import types
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Iterable, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol, TypedDict
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: py-lt-311
+    from typing import NotRequired
+else:  # pragma: py-gte-311
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired
+
+# WSGI
+Environ = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+ExcInfo = tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, types.TracebackType | None]
+StartResponse = Callable[[str, Iterable[tuple[str, str]], ExcInfo | None], None]
+WSGIApp = Callable[[Environ, StartResponse], Iterable[bytes] | BaseException]
+
+
+# ASGI
+class ASGIVersions(TypedDict):
+    spec_version: str
+    version: Literal["2.0"] | Literal["3.0"]
+
+
+class HTTPScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    http_version: str
+    method: str
+    scheme: str
+    path: str
+    raw_path: bytes
+    query_string: bytes
+    root_path: str
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    client: tuple[str, int] | None
+    server: tuple[str, int | None] | None
+    state: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+    extensions: NotRequired[dict[str, dict[object, object]]]
+
+
+class WebSocketScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    http_version: str
+    scheme: str
+    path: str
+    raw_path: bytes
+    query_string: bytes
+    root_path: str
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    client: tuple[str, int] | None
+    server: tuple[str, int | None] | None
+    subprotocols: Iterable[str]
+    state: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+    extensions: NotRequired[dict[str, dict[object, object]]]
+
+
+class LifespanScope(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan"]
+    asgi: ASGIVersions
+    state: NotRequired[dict[str, Any]]
+
+
+WWWScope = HTTPScope | WebSocketScope
+Scope = HTTPScope | WebSocketScope | LifespanScope
+
+
+class HTTPRequestEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.request"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: bool
+
+
+class HTTPResponseDebugEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.debug"]
+    info: dict[str, object]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.start"]
+    status: int
+    headers: NotRequired[Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]
+    trailers: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.body"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class HTTPResponseTrailersEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.trailers"]
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+    more_trailers: bool
+
+
+class HTTPServerPushEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.response.push"]
+    path: str
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class HTTPDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["http.disconnect"]
+
+
+class WebSocketConnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.connect"]
+
+
+class WebSocketAcceptEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.accept"]
+    subprotocol: NotRequired[str | None]
+    headers: NotRequired[Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]]
+
+
+class _WebSocketReceiveEventBytes(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.receive"]
+    bytes: bytes
+    text: NotRequired[None]
+
+
+class _WebSocketReceiveEventText(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.receive"]
+    bytes: NotRequired[None]
+    text: str
+
+
+WebSocketReceiveEvent = _WebSocketReceiveEventBytes | _WebSocketReceiveEventText
+
+
+class _WebSocketSendEventBytes(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.send"]
+    bytes: bytes
+    text: NotRequired[None]
+
+
+class _WebSocketSendEventText(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.send"]
+    bytes: NotRequired[None]
+    text: str
+
+
+WebSocketSendEvent = _WebSocketSendEventBytes | _WebSocketSendEventText
+
+
+class WebSocketResponseStartEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.http.response.start"]
+    status: int
+    headers: Iterable[tuple[bytes, bytes]]
+
+
+class WebSocketResponseBodyEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.http.response.body"]
+    body: bytes
+    more_body: NotRequired[bool]
+
+
+class WebSocketDisconnectEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.disconnect"]
+    code: int
+    reason: NotRequired[str | None]
+
+
+class WebSocketCloseEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["websocket.close"]
+    code: NotRequired[int]
+    reason: NotRequired[str | None]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup"]
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown"]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup.complete"]
+
+
+class LifespanStartupFailedEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.startup.failed"]
+    message: str
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.complete"]
+
+
+class LifespanShutdownFailedEvent(TypedDict):
+    type: Literal["lifespan.shutdown.failed"]
+    message: str
+
+
+WebSocketEvent = WebSocketReceiveEvent | WebSocketDisconnectEvent | WebSocketConnectEvent
+
+
+ASGIReceiveEvent = (
+    HTTPRequestEvent
+    | HTTPDisconnectEvent
+    | WebSocketConnectEvent
+    | WebSocketReceiveEvent
+    | WebSocketDisconnectEvent
+    | LifespanStartupEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownEvent
+)
+
+
+ASGISendEvent = (
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent
+    | HTTPResponseBodyEvent
+    | HTTPResponseTrailersEvent
+    | HTTPServerPushEvent
+    | HTTPDisconnectEvent
+    | WebSocketAcceptEvent
+    | WebSocketSendEvent
+    | WebSocketResponseStartEvent
+    | WebSocketResponseBodyEvent
+    | WebSocketCloseEvent
+    | LifespanStartupCompleteEvent
+    | LifespanStartupFailedEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownFailedEvent
+)
+
+
+ASGIReceiveCallable = Callable[[], Awaitable[ASGIReceiveEvent]]
+ASGISendCallable = Callable[[ASGISendEvent], Awaitable[None]]
+
+
+class ASGI2Protocol(Protocol):
+    def __init__(self, scope: Scope) -> None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    async def __call__(self, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+ASGI2Application = type[ASGI2Protocol]
+ASGI3Application = Callable[[Scope, ASGIReceiveCallable, ASGISendCallable], Awaitable[None]]
+ASGIApplication = ASGI2Application | ASGI3Application
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/config.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c17ba60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import inspect
+import json
+import logging
+import logging.config
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from configparser import RawConfigParser
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO, Any, Literal
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._compat import iscoroutinefunction
+from uvicorn._types import ASGIApplication
+from uvicorn.importer import ImportFromStringError, import_from_string
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.middleware.asgi2 import ASGI2Middleware
+from uvicorn.middleware.message_logger import MessageLoggerMiddleware
+from uvicorn.middleware.proxy_headers import ProxyHeadersMiddleware
+from uvicorn.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
+
+HTTPProtocolType = Literal["auto", "h11", "httptools"]
+WSProtocolType = Literal["auto", "none", "websockets", "websockets-sansio", "wsproto"]
+LifespanType = Literal["auto", "on", "off"]
+LoopFactoryType = Literal["none", "auto", "asyncio", "uvloop"]
+InterfaceType = Literal["auto", "asgi3", "asgi2", "wsgi"]
+
+LOG_LEVELS: dict[str, int] = {
+    "critical": logging.CRITICAL,
+    "error": logging.ERROR,
+    "warning": logging.WARNING,
+    "info": logging.INFO,
+    "debug": logging.DEBUG,
+    "trace": TRACE_LOG_LEVEL,
+}
+HTTP_PROTOCOLS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "auto": "uvicorn.protocols.http.auto:AutoHTTPProtocol",
+    "h11": "uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl:H11Protocol",
+    "httptools": "uvicorn.protocols.http.httptools_impl:HttpToolsProtocol",
+}
+WS_PROTOCOLS: dict[str, str | None] = {
+    "auto": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.auto:AutoWebSocketsProtocol",
+    "none": None,
+    "websockets": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_impl:WebSocketProtocol",
+    "websockets-sansio": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_sansio_impl:WebSocketsSansIOProtocol",
+    "wsproto": "uvicorn.protocols.websockets.wsproto_impl:WSProtocol",
+}
+LIFESPAN: dict[str, str] = {
+    "auto": "uvicorn.lifespan.on:LifespanOn",
+    "on": "uvicorn.lifespan.on:LifespanOn",
+    "off": "uvicorn.lifespan.off:LifespanOff",
+}
+LOOP_FACTORIES: dict[str, str | None] = {
+    "none": None,
+    "auto": "uvicorn.loops.auto:auto_loop_factory",
+    "asyncio": "uvicorn.loops.asyncio:asyncio_loop_factory",
+    "uvloop": "uvicorn.loops.uvloop:uvloop_loop_factory",
+}
+INTERFACES: list[InterfaceType] = ["auto", "asgi3", "asgi2", "wsgi"]
+
+SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION: int = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER
+
+LOGGING_CONFIG: dict[str, Any] = {
+    "version": 1,
+    "disable_existing_loggers": False,
+    "formatters": {
+        "default": {
+            "()": "uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter",
+            "fmt": "%(levelprefix)s %(message)s",
+            "use_colors": None,
+        },
+        "access": {
+            "()": "uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter",
+            "fmt": '%(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - "%(request_line)s" %(status_code)s',  # noqa: E501
+        },
+    },
+    "handlers": {
+        "default": {
+            "formatter": "default",
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stderr",
+        },
+        "access": {
+            "formatter": "access",
+            "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
+            "stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
+        },
+    },
+    "loggers": {
+        "uvicorn": {"handlers": ["default"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
+        "uvicorn.error": {"level": "INFO"},
+        "uvicorn.access": {"handlers": ["access"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
+    },
+}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+def create_ssl_context(
+    certfile: str | os.PathLike[str],
+    keyfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None,
+    password: str | None,
+    ssl_version: int,
+    cert_reqs: int,
+    ca_certs: str | os.PathLike[str] | None,
+    ciphers: str | None,
+) -> ssl.SSLContext:
+    ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl_version)
+    get_password = (lambda: password) if password else None
+    ctx.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, get_password)
+    ctx.verify_mode = ssl.VerifyMode(cert_reqs)
+    if ca_certs:
+        ctx.load_verify_locations(ca_certs)
+    if ciphers:
+        ctx.set_ciphers(ciphers)
+    return ctx
+
+
+def is_dir(path: Path) -> bool:
+    try:
+        if not path.is_absolute():
+            path = path.resolve()
+        return path.is_dir()
+    except OSError:  # pragma: full coverage
+        return False
+
+
+def resolve_reload_patterns(patterns_list: list[str], directories_list: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], list[Path]]:
+    directories: list[Path] = list(set(map(Path, directories_list.copy())))
+    patterns: list[str] = patterns_list.copy()
+
+    current_working_directory = Path.cwd()
+    for pattern in patterns_list:
+        # Special case for the .* pattern, otherwise this would only match
+        # hidden directories which is probably undesired
+        if pattern == ".*":
+            continue  # pragma: py-not-linux
+        patterns.append(pattern)
+        if is_dir(Path(pattern)):
+            directories.append(Path(pattern))
+        else:
+            for match in current_working_directory.glob(pattern):
+                if is_dir(match):
+                    directories.append(match)
+
+    directories = list(set(directories))
+    directories = list(map(Path, directories))
+    directories = list(map(lambda x: x.resolve(), directories))
+    directories = list({reload_path for reload_path in directories if is_dir(reload_path)})
+
+    children = []
+    for j in range(len(directories)):
+        for k in range(j + 1, len(directories)):  # pragma: full coverage
+            if directories[j] in directories[k].parents:
+                children.append(directories[k])
+            elif directories[k] in directories[j].parents:
+                children.append(directories[j])
+
+    directories = list(set(directories).difference(set(children)))
+
+    return list(set(patterns)), directories
+
+
+def _normalize_dirs(dirs: list[str] | str | None) -> list[str]:
+    if dirs is None:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(dirs, str):
+        return [dirs]
+    return list(set(dirs))
+
+
+class Config:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: ASGIApplication | Callable[..., Any] | str,
+        host: str = "127.0.0.1",
+        port: int = 8000,
+        uds: str | None = None,
+        fd: int | None = None,
+        loop: LoopFactoryType | str = "auto",
+        http: type[asyncio.Protocol] | HTTPProtocolType | str = "auto",
+        ws: type[asyncio.Protocol] | WSProtocolType | str = "auto",
+        ws_max_size: int = 16 * 1024 * 1024,
+        ws_max_queue: int = 32,
+        ws_ping_interval: float | None = 20.0,
+        ws_ping_timeout: float | None = 20.0,
+        ws_per_message_deflate: bool = True,
+        lifespan: LifespanType = "auto",
+        env_file: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        log_config: dict[str, Any] | str | os.PathLike[str] | RawConfigParser | IO[Any] | None = LOGGING_CONFIG,
+        log_level: str | int | None = None,
+        access_log: bool = True,
+        use_colors: bool | None = None,
+        interface: InterfaceType = "auto",
+        reload: bool = False,
+        reload_dirs: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        reload_delay: float = 0.25,
+        reload_includes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        reload_excludes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        workers: int | None = None,
+        proxy_headers: bool = True,
+        server_header: bool = True,
+        date_header: bool = True,
+        forwarded_allow_ips: list[str] | str | None = None,
+        root_path: str = "",
+        limit_concurrency: int | None = None,
+        limit_max_requests: int | None = None,
+        limit_max_requests_jitter: int = 0,
+        backlog: int = 2048,
+        timeout_keep_alive: int = 5,
+        timeout_notify: int = 30,
+        timeout_graceful_shutdown: int | None = None,
+        timeout_worker_healthcheck: int = 5,
+        callback_notify: Callable[..., Awaitable[None]] | None = None,
+        ssl_keyfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        ssl_certfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        ssl_keyfile_password: str | None = None,
+        ssl_version: int = SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+        ssl_cert_reqs: int = ssl.CERT_NONE,
+        ssl_ca_certs: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+        ssl_ciphers: str | None = None,
+        ssl_context_factory: Callable[[Config, Callable[[], ssl.SSLContext]], ssl.SSLContext] | None = None,
+        headers: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        factory: bool = False,
+        h11_max_incomplete_event_size: int | None = None,
+        reset_contextvars: bool = False,
+    ):
+        self.app = app
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.uds = uds
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.http = http
+        self.ws = ws
+        self.ws_max_size = ws_max_size
+        self.ws_max_queue = ws_max_queue
+        self.ws_ping_interval = ws_ping_interval
+        self.ws_ping_timeout = ws_ping_timeout
+        self.ws_per_message_deflate = ws_per_message_deflate
+        self.lifespan = lifespan
+        self.log_config = log_config
+        self.log_level = log_level
+        self.access_log = access_log
+        self.use_colors = use_colors
+        self.interface = interface
+        self.reload = reload
+        self.reload_delay = reload_delay
+        self.workers = workers or 1
+        self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers
+        self.server_header = server_header
+        self.date_header = date_header
+        self.root_path = root_path
+        self.limit_concurrency = limit_concurrency
+        self.limit_max_requests = limit_max_requests
+        self.limit_max_requests_jitter = limit_max_requests_jitter
+        self.backlog = backlog
+        self.timeout_keep_alive = timeout_keep_alive
+        self.timeout_notify = timeout_notify
+        self.timeout_graceful_shutdown = timeout_graceful_shutdown
+        self.timeout_worker_healthcheck = timeout_worker_healthcheck
+        self.callback_notify = callback_notify
+        self.ssl_keyfile = ssl_keyfile
+        self.ssl_certfile = ssl_certfile
+        self.ssl_keyfile_password = ssl_keyfile_password
+        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
+        self.ssl_cert_reqs = ssl_cert_reqs
+        self.ssl_ca_certs = ssl_ca_certs
+        self.ssl_ciphers = ssl_ciphers
+        self.ssl_context_factory = ssl_context_factory
+        self.headers: list[tuple[str, str]] = headers or []
+        self.encoded_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+        self.factory = factory
+        self.h11_max_incomplete_event_size = h11_max_incomplete_event_size
+        self.reset_contextvars = reset_contextvars
+
+        self.loaded = False
+        self.configure_logging()
+
+        self.reload_dirs: list[Path] = []
+        self.reload_dirs_excludes: list[Path] = []
+        self.reload_includes: list[str] = []
+        self.reload_excludes: list[str] = []
+
+        if (reload_dirs or reload_includes or reload_excludes) and not self.should_reload:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Current configuration will not reload as not all conditions are met, please refer to documentation."
+            )
+
+        if self.should_reload:
+            reload_dirs = _normalize_dirs(reload_dirs)
+            reload_includes = _normalize_dirs(reload_includes)
+            reload_excludes = _normalize_dirs(reload_excludes)
+
+            self.reload_includes, self.reload_dirs = resolve_reload_patterns(reload_includes, reload_dirs)
+
+            self.reload_excludes, self.reload_dirs_excludes = resolve_reload_patterns(reload_excludes, [])
+
+            reload_dirs_tmp = self.reload_dirs.copy()
+
+            for directory in self.reload_dirs_excludes:
+                for reload_directory in reload_dirs_tmp:
+                    if directory == reload_directory or directory in reload_directory.parents:
+                        try:
+                            self.reload_dirs.remove(reload_directory)
+                        except ValueError:  # pragma: full coverage
+                            pass
+
+            for pattern in self.reload_excludes:
+                if pattern in self.reload_includes:
+                    self.reload_includes.remove(pattern)  # pragma: full coverage
+
+            if not self.reload_dirs:
+                if reload_dirs:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Provided reload directories %s did not contain valid "
+                        + "directories, watching current working directory.",
+                        reload_dirs,
+                    )
+                self.reload_dirs = [Path.cwd()]
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Will watch for changes in these directories: %s",
+                sorted(list(map(str, self.reload_dirs))),
+            )
+
+        if env_file is not None:
+            from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+            logger.info("Loading environment from '%s'", env_file)
+            load_dotenv(dotenv_path=env_file)
+
+        if workers is None and "WEB_CONCURRENCY" in os.environ:
+            self.workers = int(os.environ["WEB_CONCURRENCY"])
+
+        self.forwarded_allow_ips: list[str] | str
+        if forwarded_allow_ips is None:
+            self.forwarded_allow_ips = os.environ.get("FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS", "127.0.0.1")
+        else:
+            self.forwarded_allow_ips = forwarded_allow_ips  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if self.reload and self.workers > 1:
+            logger.warning('"workers" flag is ignored when reloading is enabled.')
+
+    @property
+    def asgi_version(self) -> Literal["2.0", "3.0"]:
+        mapping: dict[str, Literal["2.0", "3.0"]] = {
+            "asgi2": "2.0",
+            "asgi3": "3.0",
+            "wsgi": "3.0",
+        }
+        return mapping[self.interface]
+
+    @property
+    def is_ssl(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.ssl_keyfile or self.ssl_certfile or self.ssl_context_factory)
+
+    @property
+    def use_subprocess(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.reload or self.workers > 1)
+
+    def configure_logging(self) -> None:
+        logging.addLevelName(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "TRACE")
+
+        if self.log_config is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.log_config, os.PathLike):
+                self.log_config = os.fspath(self.log_config)
+
+            if isinstance(self.log_config, dict):
+                if self.use_colors in (True, False):
+                    self.log_config["formatters"]["default"]["use_colors"] = self.use_colors
+                    self.log_config["formatters"]["access"]["use_colors"] = self.use_colors
+                logging.config.dictConfig(self.log_config)
+            elif isinstance(self.log_config, str) and self.log_config.endswith(".json"):
+                with open(self.log_config) as file:
+                    loaded_config = json.load(file)
+                    logging.config.dictConfig(loaded_config)
+            elif isinstance(self.log_config, str) and self.log_config.endswith((".yaml", ".yml")):
+                try:
+                    import yaml
+                except ImportError as e:
+                    raise ImportError(
+                        "Install the PyYAML package or uvicorn[standard] to use `--log-config` with YAML files."
+                    ) from e
+
+                with open(self.log_config) as file:
+                    loaded_config = yaml.safe_load(file)
+                    logging.config.dictConfig(loaded_config)
+            else:
+                # See the note about fileConfig() here:
+                # https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#configuration-file-format
+                logging.config.fileConfig(self.log_config, disable_existing_loggers=False)
+
+        if self.log_level is not None:
+            if isinstance(self.log_level, str):
+                log_level = LOG_LEVELS[self.log_level.lower()]
+            else:
+                log_level = self.log_level
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error").setLevel(log_level)
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").setLevel(log_level)
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.asgi").setLevel(log_level)
+        if self.access_log is False:
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").handlers = []
+            logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access").propagate = False
+
+    def load_app(self) -> Any:
+        """Import the app and return it. Exits on failure."""
+        try:
+            return import_from_string(self.app)
+        except ImportFromStringError as exc:
+            logger.error("Error loading ASGI app. %s" % exc)
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def load(self) -> None:
+        assert not self.loaded
+
+        if self.ssl_context_factory is not None:
+
+            def default_factory() -> ssl.SSLContext:
+                if not self.ssl_certfile:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        "`default_ssl_context_factory()` requires `ssl_certfile` to be set on `Config`. "
+                        "Either pass `ssl_certfile` (and optionally `ssl_keyfile`) or build the `SSLContext` "
+                        "directly inside `ssl_context_factory` without calling the default factory."
+                    )
+                return create_ssl_context(
+                    keyfile=self.ssl_keyfile,
+                    certfile=self.ssl_certfile,
+                    password=self.ssl_keyfile_password,
+                    ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
+                    cert_reqs=self.ssl_cert_reqs,
+                    ca_certs=self.ssl_ca_certs,
+                    ciphers=self.ssl_ciphers,
+                )
+
+            context = self.ssl_context_factory(self, default_factory)
+            if not isinstance(context, ssl.SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError(f"`ssl_context_factory` must return an `ssl.SSLContext`, got {type(context).__name__}")
+            self.ssl: ssl.SSLContext | None = context
+        elif self.is_ssl:
+            assert self.ssl_certfile
+            self.ssl = create_ssl_context(
+                keyfile=self.ssl_keyfile,
+                certfile=self.ssl_certfile,
+                password=self.ssl_keyfile_password,
+                ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
+                cert_reqs=self.ssl_cert_reqs,
+                ca_certs=self.ssl_ca_certs,
+                ciphers=self.ssl_ciphers,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.ssl = None
+
+        encoded_headers = [(key.lower().encode("latin1"), value.encode("latin1")) for key, value in self.headers]
+        self.encoded_headers = (
+            [(b"server", b"uvicorn")] + encoded_headers
+            if b"server" not in dict(encoded_headers) and self.server_header
+            else encoded_headers
+        )
+
+        if isinstance(self.http, str):
+            http_protocol_class = import_from_string(HTTP_PROTOCOLS.get(self.http, self.http))
+            self.http_protocol_class: type[asyncio.Protocol] = http_protocol_class
+        else:
+            self.http_protocol_class = self.http
+
+        if isinstance(self.ws, str):
+            ws_protocol_class = import_from_string(WS_PROTOCOLS.get(self.ws, self.ws))
+            self.ws_protocol_class: type[asyncio.Protocol] | None = ws_protocol_class
+        else:
+            self.ws_protocol_class = self.ws
+
+        self.lifespan_class = import_from_string(LIFESPAN[self.lifespan])
+
+        self.loaded_app = self.load_app()
+
+        try:
+            self.loaded_app = self.loaded_app()
+        except TypeError as exc:
+            if self.factory:
+                logger.error("Error loading ASGI app factory: %s", exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+        else:
+            if not self.factory:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "ASGI app factory detected. Using it, but please consider setting the --factory flag explicitly."
+                )
+
+        if self.interface == "auto":
+            if inspect.isclass(self.loaded_app):
+                use_asgi_3 = hasattr(self.loaded_app, "__await__")
+            elif inspect.isfunction(self.loaded_app):
+                use_asgi_3 = iscoroutinefunction(self.loaded_app)
+            else:
+                call = getattr(self.loaded_app, "__call__", None)
+                use_asgi_3 = iscoroutinefunction(call)
+            self.interface = "asgi3" if use_asgi_3 else "asgi2"
+
+        if self.interface == "wsgi":
+            self.loaded_app = WSGIMiddleware(self.loaded_app)
+            self.ws_protocol_class = None
+        elif self.interface == "asgi2":
+            self.loaded_app = ASGI2Middleware(self.loaded_app)
+
+        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            self.loaded_app = MessageLoggerMiddleware(self.loaded_app)
+        if self.proxy_headers:
+            self.loaded_app = ProxyHeadersMiddleware(self.loaded_app, trusted_hosts=self.forwarded_allow_ips)
+
+        self.loaded = True
+
+    def setup_event_loop(self) -> None:
+        raise AttributeError(
+            "The `setup_event_loop` method was replaced by `get_loop_factory` in uvicorn 0.36.0.\n"
+            "None of those methods are supposed to be used directly. If you are doing it, please let me know here: "
+            "https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/discussions/2706. Thank you, and sorry for the inconvenience."
+        )
+
+    def get_loop_factory(self) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] | None:
+        if self.loop in LOOP_FACTORIES:
+            loop_factory: Callable[..., Any] | None = import_from_string(LOOP_FACTORIES[self.loop])
+        else:
+            try:
+                return import_from_string(self.loop)
+            except ImportFromStringError as exc:
+                logger.error("Error loading custom loop setup function. %s" % exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+        if loop_factory is None:
+            return None
+        return loop_factory(use_subprocess=self.use_subprocess)
+
+    def bind_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
+        logger_args: list[str | int]
+        if self.uds is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            path = self.uds
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            try:
+                sock.bind(path)
+                uds_perms = 0o666
+                os.chmod(self.uds, uds_perms)
+            except OSError as exc:  # pragma: full coverage
+                logger.error(exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            message = "Uvicorn running on unix socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            sock_name_format = "%s"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(sock_name_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            logger_args = [self.uds]
+        elif self.fd is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            sock = socket.fromfd(self.fd, socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            message = "Uvicorn running on socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            fd_name_format = "%s"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(fd_name_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            logger_args = [sock.getsockname()]
+        else:
+            family = socket.AF_INET
+            addr_format = "%s://%s:%d"
+
+            if self.host and ":" in self.host:  # pragma: full coverage
+                # It's an IPv6 address.
+                family = socket.AF_INET6
+                addr_format = "%s://[%s]:%d"
+
+            sock = socket.socket(family=family)
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+            try:
+                sock.bind((self.host, self.port))
+            except OSError as exc:  # pragma: full coverage
+                logger.error(exc)
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            message = f"Uvicorn running on {addr_format} (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(addr_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            protocol_name = "https" if self.is_ssl else "http"
+            logger_args = [protocol_name, self.host, sock.getsockname()[1]]
+        logger.info(message, *logger_args, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+        sock.set_inheritable(True)
+        return sock
+
+    @property
+    def should_reload(self) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(self.app, str) and self.reload
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/importer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/importer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f77520e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/importer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import importlib
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class ImportFromStringError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def import_from_string(import_str: Any) -> Any:
+    if not isinstance(import_str, str):
+        return import_str
+
+    module_str, _, attrs_str = import_str.partition(":")
+    if not module_str or not attrs_str:
+        message = 'Import string "{import_str}" must be in format "<module>:<attribute>".'
+        raise ImportFromStringError(message.format(import_str=import_str))
+
+    try:
+        module = importlib.import_module(module_str)
+    except ModuleNotFoundError as exc:
+        if exc.name != module_str:
+            raise exc from None
+        message = 'Could not import module "{module_str}".'
+        raise ImportFromStringError(message.format(module_str=module_str))
+
+    instance = module
+    try:
+        for attr_str in attrs_str.split("."):
+            instance = getattr(instance, attr_str)
+    except AttributeError:
+        message = 'Attribute "{attrs_str}" not found in module "{module_str}".'
+        raise ImportFromStringError(message.format(attrs_str=attrs_str, module_str=module_str))
+
+    return instance
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/off.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/off.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74554b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/off.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from uvicorn import Config
+
+
+class LifespanOff:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        self.should_exit = False
+        self.state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    async def startup(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/on.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/on.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71ac394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/lifespan/on.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from asyncio import Queue
+from typing import Any
+
+from uvicorn import Config
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    LifespanScope,
+    LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownEvent,
+    LifespanShutdownFailedEvent,
+    LifespanStartupCompleteEvent,
+    LifespanStartupEvent,
+    LifespanStartupFailedEvent,
+)
+
+LifespanReceiveMessage = LifespanStartupEvent | LifespanShutdownEvent
+LifespanSendMessage = (
+    LifespanStartupFailedEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownFailedEvent
+    | LifespanStartupCompleteEvent
+    | LifespanShutdownCompleteEvent
+)
+
+
+STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR = "Got invalid state transition on lifespan protocol."
+
+
+class LifespanOn:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.startup_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.shutdown_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.receive_queue: Queue[LifespanReceiveMessage] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.error_occurred = False
+        self.startup_failed = False
+        self.shutdown_failed = False
+        self.should_exit = False
+        self.state: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    async def startup(self) -> None:
+        self.logger.info("Waiting for application startup.")
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        main_lifespan_task = loop.create_task(self.main())  # noqa: F841
+        # Keep a hard reference to prevent garbage collection
+        # See https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/pull/972
+        startup_event: LifespanStartupEvent = {"type": "lifespan.startup"}
+        await self.receive_queue.put(startup_event)
+        await self.startup_event.wait()
+
+        if self.startup_failed or (self.error_occurred and self.config.lifespan == "on"):
+            self.logger.error("Application startup failed. Exiting.")
+            self.should_exit = True
+        else:
+            self.logger.info("Application startup complete.")
+
+    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        if self.error_occurred:
+            return
+        self.logger.info("Waiting for application shutdown.")
+        shutdown_event: LifespanShutdownEvent = {"type": "lifespan.shutdown"}
+        await self.receive_queue.put(shutdown_event)
+        await self.shutdown_event.wait()
+
+        if self.shutdown_failed or (self.error_occurred and self.config.lifespan == "on"):
+            self.logger.error("Application shutdown failed. Exiting.")
+            self.should_exit = True
+        else:
+            self.logger.info("Application shutdown complete.")
+
+    async def main(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            app = self.config.loaded_app
+            scope: LifespanScope = {
+                "type": "lifespan",
+                "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.0"},
+                "state": self.state,
+            }
+            await app(scope, self.receive, self.send)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            self.asgi = None
+            self.error_occurred = True
+            if self.startup_failed or self.shutdown_failed:
+                return
+            if self.config.lifespan == "auto":
+                msg = "ASGI 'lifespan' protocol appears unsupported."
+                self.logger.info(msg)
+            else:
+                msg = "Exception in 'lifespan' protocol\n"
+                self.logger.error(msg, exc_info=exc)
+        finally:
+            self.startup_event.set()
+            self.shutdown_event.set()
+
+    async def send(self, message: LifespanSendMessage) -> None:
+        assert message["type"] in (
+            "lifespan.startup.complete",
+            "lifespan.startup.failed",
+            "lifespan.shutdown.complete",
+            "lifespan.shutdown.failed",
+        )
+
+        if message["type"] == "lifespan.startup.complete":
+            assert not self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.startup_event.set()
+
+        elif message["type"] == "lifespan.startup.failed":
+            assert not self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.startup_event.set()
+            self.startup_failed = True
+            if message.get("message"):
+                self.logger.error(message["message"])
+
+        elif message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown.complete":
+            assert self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.shutdown_event.set()
+
+        elif message["type"] == "lifespan.shutdown.failed":
+            assert self.startup_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            assert not self.shutdown_event.is_set(), STATE_TRANSITION_ERROR
+            self.shutdown_event.set()
+            self.shutdown_failed = True
+            if message.get("message"):
+                self.logger.error(message["message"])
+
+    async def receive(self) -> LifespanReceiveMessage:
+        return await self.receive_queue.get()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/logging.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd16115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import logging
+import sys
+from copy import copy
+from typing import Literal
+
+import click
+
+TRACE_LOG_LEVEL = 5
+
+
+class ColourizedFormatter(logging.Formatter):
+    """
+    A custom log formatter class that:
+
+    * Outputs the LOG_LEVEL with an appropriate color.
+    * If a log call includes an `extra={"color_message": ...}` it will be used
+      for formatting the output, instead of the plain text message.
+    """
+
+    level_name_colors = {
+        TRACE_LOG_LEVEL: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="blue"),
+        logging.DEBUG: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="cyan"),
+        logging.INFO: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="green"),
+        logging.WARNING: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="yellow"),
+        logging.ERROR: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="red"),
+        logging.CRITICAL: lambda level_name: click.style(str(level_name), fg="bright_red"),
+    }
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fmt: str | None = None,
+        datefmt: str | None = None,
+        style: Literal["%", "{", "$"] = "%",
+        use_colors: bool | None = None,
+    ):
+        if use_colors in (True, False):
+            self.use_colors = use_colors
+        else:
+            self.use_colors = sys.stdout.isatty()
+        super().__init__(fmt=fmt, datefmt=datefmt, style=style)
+
+    def color_level_name(self, level_name: str, level_no: int) -> str:
+        def default(level_name: str) -> str:
+            return str(level_name)  # pragma: no cover
+
+        func = self.level_name_colors.get(level_no, default)
+        return func(level_name)
+
+    def should_use_colors(self) -> bool:
+        return True  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def formatMessage(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        recordcopy = copy(record)
+        levelname = recordcopy.levelname
+        separator = " " * (8 - len(recordcopy.levelname))
+        if self.use_colors:
+            levelname = self.color_level_name(levelname, recordcopy.levelno)
+            if "color_message" in recordcopy.__dict__:
+                recordcopy.msg = recordcopy.__dict__["color_message"]
+                recordcopy.__dict__["message"] = recordcopy.getMessage()
+        recordcopy.__dict__["levelprefix"] = levelname + ":" + separator
+        return super().formatMessage(recordcopy)
+
+
+class DefaultFormatter(ColourizedFormatter):
+    def should_use_colors(self) -> bool:
+        return sys.stderr.isatty()  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class AccessFormatter(ColourizedFormatter):
+    status_code_colours = {
+        1: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="bright_white"),
+        2: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="green"),
+        3: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="yellow"),
+        4: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="red"),
+        5: lambda code: click.style(str(code), fg="bright_red"),
+    }
+
+    def get_status_code(self, status_code: int) -> str:
+        try:
+            status_phrase = http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase
+        except ValueError:
+            status_phrase = ""
+        status_and_phrase = f"{status_code} {status_phrase}"
+        if self.use_colors:
+
+            def default(code: int) -> str:
+                return status_and_phrase  # pragma: no cover
+
+            func = self.status_code_colours.get(status_code // 100, default)
+            return func(status_and_phrase)
+        return status_and_phrase
+
+    def formatMessage(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        recordcopy = copy(record)
+        (
+            client_addr,
+            method,
+            full_path,
+            http_version,
+            status_code,
+        ) = recordcopy.args  # type: ignore[misc]
+        status_code = self.get_status_code(int(status_code))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        request_line = f"{method} {full_path} HTTP/{http_version}"
+        if self.use_colors:
+            request_line = click.style(request_line, bold=True)
+        recordcopy.__dict__.update(
+            {
+                "client_addr": client_addr,
+                "request_line": request_line,
+                "status_code": status_code,
+            }
+        )
+        return super().formatMessage(recordcopy)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/__init__.py
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/asyncio.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/asyncio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad6121e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/asyncio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+def asyncio_loop_factory(use_subprocess: bool = False) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]:
+    if sys.platform == "win32" and not use_subprocess:
+        return asyncio.ProactorEventLoop
+    return asyncio.SelectorEventLoop
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/auto.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1908399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+
+def auto_loop_factory(use_subprocess: bool = False) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]:
+    try:
+        import uvloop  # noqa
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        from uvicorn.loops.asyncio import asyncio_loop_factory as loop_factory
+
+        return loop_factory(use_subprocess=use_subprocess)
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        from uvicorn.loops.uvloop import uvloop_loop_factory
+
+        return uvloop_loop_factory(use_subprocess=use_subprocess)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/uvloop.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/uvloop.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6692c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/loops/uvloop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+import uvloop
+
+
+def uvloop_loop_factory(use_subprocess: bool = False) -> Callable[[], asyncio.AbstractEventLoop]:
+    return uvloop.new_event_loop
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8eb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import ssl
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from configparser import RawConfigParser
+from typing import IO, Any, get_args
+
+import click
+
+import uvicorn
+from uvicorn._types import ASGIApplication
+from uvicorn.config import (
+    INTERFACES,
+    LIFESPAN,
+    LOG_LEVELS,
+    LOGGING_CONFIG,
+    SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    Config,
+    HTTPProtocolType,
+    InterfaceType,
+    LifespanType,
+    LoopFactoryType,
+    WSProtocolType,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import Server
+from uvicorn.supervisors import ChangeReload, Multiprocess
+
+LEVEL_CHOICES = click.Choice(list(LOG_LEVELS.keys()))
+LIFESPAN_CHOICES = click.Choice(list(LIFESPAN.keys()))
+INTERFACE_CHOICES = click.Choice(INTERFACES)
+
+
+def _metavar_from_type(_type: Any) -> str:
+    return f"[{'|'.join(key for key in get_args(_type) if key != 'none')}]"
+
+
+STARTUP_FAILURE = 3
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+def print_version(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: bool) -> None:
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+    click.echo(
+        "Running uvicorn {version} with {py_implementation} {py_version} on {system}".format(  # noqa: UP032
+            version=uvicorn.__version__,
+            py_implementation=platform.python_implementation(),
+            py_version=platform.python_version(),
+            system=platform.system(),
+        )
+    )
+    ctx.exit()
+
+
+@click.command(context_settings={"auto_envvar_prefix": "UVICORN"})
+@click.argument("app", envvar="UVICORN_APP")
+@click.option(
+    "--host",
+    type=str,
+    default="127.0.0.1",
+    help="Bind socket to this host.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--port",
+    type=int,
+    default=8000,
+    help="Bind socket to this port. If 0, an available port will be picked.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option("--uds", type=str, default=None, help="Bind to a UNIX domain socket.")
+@click.option("--fd", type=int, default=None, help="Bind to socket from this file descriptor.")
+@click.option("--reload", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Enable auto-reload.")
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-dir",
+    "reload_dirs",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Set reload directories explicitly, instead of using the current working directory.",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-include",
+    "reload_includes",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Set glob patterns to include while watching for files. Includes '*.py' "
+    "by default; these defaults can be overridden with `--reload-exclude`. "
+    "This option has no effect unless watchfiles is installed.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-exclude",
+    "reload_excludes",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Set glob patterns to exclude while watching for files. Includes "
+    "'.*, .py[cod], .sw.*, ~*' by default; these defaults can be overridden "
+    "with `--reload-include`. This option has no effect unless watchfiles is "
+    "installed.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reload-delay",
+    type=float,
+    default=0.25,
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Delay between previous and next check if application needs to be. Defaults to 0.25s.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--workers",
+    default=None,
+    type=int,
+    help="Number of worker processes. Defaults to the $WEB_CONCURRENCY environment"
+    " variable if available, or 1. Not valid with --reload.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--loop",
+    type=str,
+    metavar=_metavar_from_type(LoopFactoryType),
+    default="auto",
+    help="Event loop factory implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--http",
+    type=str,
+    metavar=_metavar_from_type(HTTPProtocolType),
+    default="auto",
+    help="HTTP protocol implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws",
+    type=str,
+    metavar=_metavar_from_type(WSProtocolType),
+    default="auto",
+    help="WebSocket protocol implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-max-size",
+    type=int,
+    default=16777216,
+    help="WebSocket max size message in bytes",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-max-queue",
+    type=int,
+    default=32,
+    help="The maximum length of the WebSocket message queue.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-ping-interval",
+    type=float,
+    default=20.0,
+    help="WebSocket ping interval in seconds.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-ping-timeout",
+    type=float,
+    default=20.0,
+    help="WebSocket ping timeout in seconds.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ws-per-message-deflate",
+    type=bool,
+    default=True,
+    help="WebSocket per-message-deflate compression",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--lifespan",
+    type=LIFESPAN_CHOICES,
+    default="auto",
+    help="Lifespan implementation.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--interface",
+    type=INTERFACE_CHOICES,
+    default="auto",
+    help="Select ASGI3, ASGI2, or WSGI as the application interface.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--env-file",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+    default=None,
+    help="Environment configuration file.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--log-config",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True),
+    default=None,
+    help="Logging configuration file. Supported formats: .ini, .json, .yaml.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--log-level",
+    type=LEVEL_CHOICES,
+    default=None,
+    help="Log level. [default: info]",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--access-log/--no-access-log",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable access log.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--use-colors/--no-use-colors",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Enable/Disable colorized logging.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--proxy-headers/--no-proxy-headers",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable X-Forwarded-Proto, X-Forwarded-For to populate url scheme and remote address info.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--server-header/--no-server-header",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable default Server header.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--date-header/--no-date-header",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Enable/Disable default Date header.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--forwarded-allow-ips",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Comma separated list of IP Addresses, IP Networks, or literals "
+    "(e.g. UNIX Socket path) to trust with proxy headers. Defaults to the "
+    "$FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS environment variable if available, or '127.0.0.1'. "
+    "The literal '*' means trust everything.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--root-path",
+    type=str,
+    default="",
+    help="Set the ASGI 'root_path' for applications submounted below a given URL path.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--limit-concurrency",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Maximum number of concurrent connections or tasks to allow, before issuing HTTP 503 responses.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--backlog",
+    type=int,
+    default=2048,
+    help="Maximum number of connections to hold in backlog",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--limit-max-requests",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Maximum number of requests to service before terminating the process.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--limit-max-requests-jitter",
+    type=int,
+    default=0,
+    help="Maximum jitter to add to limit_max_requests."
+    " Staggers worker restarts to avoid all workers restarting simultaneously.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout-keep-alive",
+    type=int,
+    default=5,
+    help="Close Keep-Alive connections if no new data is received within this timeout (in seconds).",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout-graceful-shutdown",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Maximum number of seconds to wait for graceful shutdown.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--timeout-worker-healthcheck",
+    type=int,
+    default=5,
+    help="Maximum number of seconds to wait for a worker to respond to a healthcheck.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option("--ssl-keyfile", type=str, default=None, help="SSL key file", show_default=True)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-certfile",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="SSL certificate file",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-keyfile-password",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="SSL keyfile password",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-version",
+    type=int,
+    default=int(SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION),
+    help="SSL version to use (see stdlib ssl module's)",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-cert-reqs",
+    type=int,
+    default=int(ssl.CERT_NONE),
+    help="Whether client certificate is required (see stdlib ssl module's)",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-ca-certs",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="CA certificates file",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--ssl-ciphers",
+    type=str,
+    default=None,
+    help="Ciphers to use (see stdlib ssl module's). Defaults to OpenSSL's safe defaults.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--header",
+    "headers",
+    multiple=True,
+    help="Specify custom default HTTP response headers as a Name:Value pair",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--version",
+    is_flag=True,
+    callback=print_version,
+    expose_value=False,
+    is_eager=True,
+    help="Display the uvicorn version and exit.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--app-dir",
+    default="",
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Look for APP in the specified directory, by adding this to the PYTHONPATH."
+    " Defaults to the current working directory.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--h11-max-incomplete-event-size",
+    "h11_max_incomplete_event_size",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="For h11, the maximum number of bytes to buffer of an incomplete event.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--reset-contextvars",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Run each ASGI request in a fresh contextvars.Context. Hides context set in the lifespan.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--factory",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Treat APP as an application factory, i.e. a () -> <ASGI app> callable.",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+def main(
+    app: str,
+    host: str,
+    port: int,
+    uds: str,
+    fd: int,
+    loop: LoopFactoryType | str,
+    http: HTTPProtocolType | str,
+    ws: WSProtocolType | str,
+    ws_max_size: int,
+    ws_max_queue: int,
+    ws_ping_interval: float,
+    ws_ping_timeout: float,
+    ws_per_message_deflate: bool,
+    lifespan: LifespanType,
+    interface: InterfaceType,
+    reload: bool,
+    reload_dirs: list[str],
+    reload_includes: list[str],
+    reload_excludes: list[str],
+    reload_delay: float,
+    workers: int,
+    env_file: str,
+    log_config: str,
+    log_level: str,
+    access_log: bool,
+    proxy_headers: bool,
+    server_header: bool,
+    date_header: bool,
+    forwarded_allow_ips: str,
+    root_path: str,
+    limit_concurrency: int,
+    backlog: int,
+    limit_max_requests: int,
+    limit_max_requests_jitter: int,
+    timeout_keep_alive: int,
+    timeout_graceful_shutdown: int | None,
+    timeout_worker_healthcheck: int,
+    ssl_keyfile: str,
+    ssl_certfile: str,
+    ssl_keyfile_password: str,
+    ssl_version: int,
+    ssl_cert_reqs: int,
+    ssl_ca_certs: str,
+    ssl_ciphers: str | None,
+    headers: list[str],
+    use_colors: bool,
+    app_dir: str,
+    h11_max_incomplete_event_size: int | None,
+    reset_contextvars: bool,
+    factory: bool,
+) -> None:
+    run(
+        app,
+        host=host,
+        port=port,
+        uds=uds,
+        fd=fd,
+        loop=loop,
+        http=http,
+        ws=ws,
+        ws_max_size=ws_max_size,
+        ws_max_queue=ws_max_queue,
+        ws_ping_interval=ws_ping_interval,
+        ws_ping_timeout=ws_ping_timeout,
+        ws_per_message_deflate=ws_per_message_deflate,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        env_file=env_file,
+        log_config=LOGGING_CONFIG if log_config is None else log_config,
+        log_level=log_level,
+        access_log=access_log,
+        interface=interface,
+        reload=reload,
+        reload_dirs=reload_dirs or None,
+        reload_includes=reload_includes or None,
+        reload_excludes=reload_excludes or None,
+        reload_delay=reload_delay,
+        workers=workers,
+        proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+        server_header=server_header,
+        date_header=date_header,
+        forwarded_allow_ips=forwarded_allow_ips,
+        root_path=root_path,
+        limit_concurrency=limit_concurrency,
+        backlog=backlog,
+        limit_max_requests=limit_max_requests,
+        limit_max_requests_jitter=limit_max_requests_jitter,
+        timeout_keep_alive=timeout_keep_alive,
+        timeout_graceful_shutdown=timeout_graceful_shutdown,
+        timeout_worker_healthcheck=timeout_worker_healthcheck,
+        ssl_keyfile=ssl_keyfile,
+        ssl_certfile=ssl_certfile,
+        ssl_keyfile_password=ssl_keyfile_password,
+        ssl_version=ssl_version,
+        ssl_cert_reqs=ssl_cert_reqs,
+        ssl_ca_certs=ssl_ca_certs,
+        ssl_ciphers=ssl_ciphers,
+        headers=[header.split(":", 1) for header in headers],  # type: ignore[misc]
+        use_colors=use_colors,
+        factory=factory,
+        app_dir=app_dir,
+        h11_max_incomplete_event_size=h11_max_incomplete_event_size,
+        reset_contextvars=reset_contextvars,
+    )
+
+
+def run(
+    app: ASGIApplication | Callable[..., Any] | str,
+    *,
+    host: str = "127.0.0.1",
+    port: int = 8000,
+    uds: str | None = None,
+    fd: int | None = None,
+    loop: LoopFactoryType | str = "auto",
+    http: type[asyncio.Protocol] | HTTPProtocolType | str = "auto",
+    ws: type[asyncio.Protocol] | WSProtocolType | str = "auto",
+    ws_max_size: int = 16777216,
+    ws_max_queue: int = 32,
+    ws_ping_interval: float | None = 20.0,
+    ws_ping_timeout: float | None = 20.0,
+    ws_per_message_deflate: bool = True,
+    lifespan: LifespanType = "auto",
+    interface: InterfaceType = "auto",
+    reload: bool = False,
+    reload_dirs: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    reload_includes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    reload_excludes: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    reload_delay: float = 0.25,
+    workers: int | None = None,
+    env_file: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    log_config: dict[str, Any] | str | os.PathLike[str] | RawConfigParser | IO[Any] | None = LOGGING_CONFIG,
+    log_level: str | int | None = None,
+    access_log: bool = True,
+    proxy_headers: bool = True,
+    server_header: bool = True,
+    date_header: bool = True,
+    forwarded_allow_ips: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    root_path: str = "",
+    limit_concurrency: int | None = None,
+    backlog: int = 2048,
+    limit_max_requests: int | None = None,
+    limit_max_requests_jitter: int = 0,
+    timeout_keep_alive: int = 5,
+    timeout_graceful_shutdown: int | None = None,
+    timeout_worker_healthcheck: int = 5,
+    ssl_keyfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    ssl_certfile: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    ssl_keyfile_password: str | None = None,
+    ssl_version: int = SSL_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    ssl_cert_reqs: int = ssl.CERT_NONE,
+    ssl_ca_certs: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
+    ssl_ciphers: str | None = None,
+    ssl_context_factory: Callable[[Config, Callable[[], ssl.SSLContext]], ssl.SSLContext] | None = None,
+    headers: list[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    use_colors: bool | None = None,
+    app_dir: str | None = None,
+    factory: bool = False,
+    h11_max_incomplete_event_size: int | None = None,
+    reset_contextvars: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    if app_dir is not None:
+        sys.path.insert(0, app_dir)
+
+    config = Config(
+        app,
+        host=host,
+        port=port,
+        uds=uds,
+        fd=fd,
+        loop=loop,
+        http=http,
+        ws=ws,
+        ws_max_size=ws_max_size,
+        ws_max_queue=ws_max_queue,
+        ws_ping_interval=ws_ping_interval,
+        ws_ping_timeout=ws_ping_timeout,
+        ws_per_message_deflate=ws_per_message_deflate,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        interface=interface,
+        reload=reload,
+        reload_dirs=reload_dirs,
+        reload_includes=reload_includes,
+        reload_excludes=reload_excludes,
+        reload_delay=reload_delay,
+        workers=workers,
+        env_file=env_file,
+        log_config=log_config,
+        log_level=log_level,
+        access_log=access_log,
+        proxy_headers=proxy_headers,
+        server_header=server_header,
+        date_header=date_header,
+        forwarded_allow_ips=forwarded_allow_ips,
+        root_path=root_path,
+        limit_concurrency=limit_concurrency,
+        backlog=backlog,
+        limit_max_requests=limit_max_requests,
+        limit_max_requests_jitter=limit_max_requests_jitter,
+        timeout_keep_alive=timeout_keep_alive,
+        timeout_graceful_shutdown=timeout_graceful_shutdown,
+        timeout_worker_healthcheck=timeout_worker_healthcheck,
+        ssl_keyfile=ssl_keyfile,
+        ssl_certfile=ssl_certfile,
+        ssl_keyfile_password=ssl_keyfile_password,
+        ssl_version=ssl_version,
+        ssl_cert_reqs=ssl_cert_reqs,
+        ssl_ca_certs=ssl_ca_certs,
+        ssl_ciphers=ssl_ciphers,
+        ssl_context_factory=ssl_context_factory,
+        headers=headers,
+        use_colors=use_colors,
+        factory=factory,
+        h11_max_incomplete_event_size=h11_max_incomplete_event_size,
+        reset_contextvars=reset_contextvars,
+    )
+    if (config.reload or config.workers > 1) and not isinstance(app, str):
+        logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        logger.warning("You must pass the application as an import string to enable 'reload' or 'workers'.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    config.load_app()
+    server = Server(config=config)
+
+    try:
+        if config.should_reload:
+            sock = config.bind_socket()
+            ChangeReload(config, target=server.run, sockets=[sock]).run()
+        elif config.workers > 1:
+            sock = config.bind_socket()
+            Multiprocess(config, target=server.run, sockets=[sock]).run()
+        else:
+            server.run()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: full coverage
+        pass
+    finally:
+        if config.uds and os.path.exists(config.uds):
+            os.remove(config.uds)  # pragma: py-win32
+
+    if not server.started and not config.should_reload and config.workers == 1:
+        sys.exit(STARTUP_FAILURE)
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    if name == "ServerState":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "uvicorn.main.ServerState is deprecated, use uvicorn.server.ServerState instead.",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+        return ServerState
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {name}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()  # pragma: no cover
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/asgi2.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/asgi2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e15d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/asgi2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI2Application,
+    ASGIReceiveCallable,
+    ASGISendCallable,
+    Scope,
+)
+
+
+class ASGI2Middleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: "ASGI2Application"):
+        self.app = app
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: "Scope", receive: "ASGIReceiveCallable", send: "ASGISendCallable") -> None:
+        instance = self.app(scope)
+        await instance(receive, send)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/message_logger.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/message_logger.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0174bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/message_logger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import logging
+from typing import Any
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGIReceiveCallable,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendCallable,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    WWWScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+
+PLACEHOLDER_FORMAT = {
+    "body": "<{length} bytes>",
+    "bytes": "<{length} bytes>",
+    "text": "<{length} chars>",
+    "headers": "<...>",
+}
+
+
+def message_with_placeholders(message: Any) -> Any:
+    """
+    Return an ASGI message, with any body-type content omitted and replaced
+    with a placeholder.
+    """
+    new_message = message.copy()
+    for attr in PLACEHOLDER_FORMAT.keys():
+        if message.get(attr) is not None:
+            content = message[attr]
+            placeholder = PLACEHOLDER_FORMAT[attr].format(length=len(content))
+            new_message[attr] = placeholder
+    return new_message
+
+
+class MessageLoggerMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: "ASGI3Application"):
+        self.task_counter = 0
+        self.app = app
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.asgi")
+
+        def trace(message: Any, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, message, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        self.logger.trace = trace  # type: ignore
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        scope: "WWWScope",
+        receive: "ASGIReceiveCallable",
+        send: "ASGISendCallable",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.task_counter += 1
+
+        task_counter = self.task_counter
+        client = scope.get("client")
+        prefix = "%s:%d - ASGI" % (client[0], client[1]) if client else "ASGI"
+
+        async def inner_receive() -> "ASGIReceiveEvent":
+            message = await receive()
+            logged_message = message_with_placeholders(message)
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Receive %s"
+            self.logger.trace(  # type: ignore
+                log_text, prefix, task_counter, logged_message
+            )
+            return message
+
+        async def inner_send(message: "ASGISendEvent") -> None:
+            logged_message = message_with_placeholders(message)
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Send %s"
+            self.logger.trace(  # type: ignore
+                log_text, prefix, task_counter, logged_message
+            )
+            await send(message)
+
+        logged_scope = message_with_placeholders(scope)
+        log_text = "%s [%d] Started scope=%s"
+        self.logger.trace(log_text, prefix, task_counter, logged_scope)  # type: ignore
+        try:
+            await self.app(scope, inner_receive, inner_send)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Raised exception"
+            self.logger.trace(log_text, prefix, task_counter)  # type: ignore
+            raise exc from None
+        else:
+            log_text = "%s [%d] Completed"
+            self.logger.trace(log_text, prefix, task_counter)  # type: ignore
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f194469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ipaddress
+
+from uvicorn._types import ASGI3Application, ASGIReceiveCallable, ASGISendCallable, Scope
+
+
+class ProxyHeadersMiddleware:
+    """Middleware for handling known proxy headers
+
+    This middleware can be used when a known proxy is fronting the application,
+    and is trusted to be properly setting the `X-Forwarded-Proto` and
+    `X-Forwarded-For` headers with the connecting client information.
+
+    Modifies the `client` and `scheme` information so that they reference
+    the connecting client, rather that the connecting proxy.
+
+    References:
+    - <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers#Proxies>
+    - <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For>
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, app: ASGI3Application, trusted_hosts: list[str] | str = "127.0.0.1") -> None:
+        self.app = app
+        self.trusted_hosts = _TrustedHosts(trusted_hosts)
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+        if scope["type"] == "lifespan":
+            return await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+        client_addr = scope.get("client")
+        client_host = client_addr[0] if client_addr else None
+
+        if client_host in self.trusted_hosts:
+            x_forwarded_proto_value: bytes | None = None
+            x_forwarded_for_values: list[bytes] = []
+            for name, value in scope["headers"]:
+                if name == b"x-forwarded-proto":
+                    x_forwarded_proto_value = value
+                elif name == b"x-forwarded-for":
+                    x_forwarded_for_values.append(value)
+
+            if x_forwarded_proto_value is not None:
+                x_forwarded_proto = x_forwarded_proto_value.decode("latin1").strip()
+
+                if x_forwarded_proto in {"http", "https", "ws", "wss"}:
+                    if scope["type"] == "websocket":
+                        scope["scheme"] = x_forwarded_proto.replace("http", "ws")
+                    else:
+                        scope["scheme"] = x_forwarded_proto
+
+            if x_forwarded_for_values:
+                x_forwarded_for = b", ".join(x_forwarded_for_values).decode("latin1")
+                host, port = self.trusted_hosts.get_trusted_client_address(x_forwarded_for)
+
+                if host:
+                    # If the x-forwarded-for header is empty then host is an empty string.
+                    # Only set the client if we actually got something usable.
+                    # See: https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/1068
+                    scope["client"] = (host, port)
+
+        return await self.app(scope, receive, send)
+
+
+def _parse_raw_hosts(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [item.strip() for item in value.split(",")]
+
+
+def _parse_host_port(value: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """Parse a forwarded host value into host and optional port.
+
+    Accepts bare IPs, IPv4 `host:port`, and bracketed IPv6 `[host]:port`.
+    Any unrecognized or malformed value is treated conservatively and returned
+    without a port so trust checks do not silently normalize arbitrary input.
+    """
+
+    if value.startswith("["):
+        bracket_end = value.find("]")
+        if bracket_end == -1:
+            return value, 0
+
+        host = value[1:bracket_end]
+        remainder = value[bracket_end + 1 :]
+        if not remainder:
+            return host, 0
+        if not remainder.startswith(":"):
+            return value, 0
+
+        try:
+            return host, int(remainder[1:])
+        except ValueError:
+            return host, 0
+
+    if value.count(":") == 1:
+        host, port = value.rsplit(":", 1)
+        try:
+            return host, int(port)
+        except ValueError:
+            return value, 0
+
+    return value, 0
+
+
+class _TrustedHosts:
+    """Container for trusted hosts and networks"""
+
+    def __init__(self, trusted_hosts: list[str] | str) -> None:
+        self.always_trust: bool = trusted_hosts in ("*", ["*"])
+
+        self.trusted_literals: set[str] = set()
+        self.trusted_hosts: set[ipaddress.IPv4Address | ipaddress.IPv6Address] = set()
+        self.trusted_networks: set[ipaddress.IPv4Network | ipaddress.IPv6Network] = set()
+
+        # Notes:
+        # - We separate hosts from literals as there are many ways to write
+        #   an IPv6 Address so we need to compare by object.
+        # - We don't convert IP Address to single host networks (e.g. /32 / 128) as
+        #   it more efficient to do an address lookup in a set than check for
+        #   membership in each network.
+        # - We still allow literals as it might be possible that we receive a
+        #   something that isn't an IP Address e.g. a unix socket.
+
+        if not self.always_trust:
+            if isinstance(trusted_hosts, str):
+                trusted_hosts = _parse_raw_hosts(trusted_hosts)
+
+            for host in trusted_hosts:
+                # Note: because we always convert invalid IP types to literals it
+                # is not possible for the user to know they provided a malformed IP
+                # type - this may lead to unexpected / difficult to debug behaviour.
+
+                if "/" in host:
+                    # Looks like a network
+                    try:
+                        self.trusted_networks.add(ipaddress.ip_network(host))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # Was not a valid IP Network
+                        self.trusted_literals.add(host)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self.trusted_hosts.add(ipaddress.ip_address(host))
+                    except ValueError:
+                        # Was not a valid IP Address
+                        self.trusted_literals.add(host)
+
+    def __contains__(self, host: str | None) -> bool:
+        if self.always_trust:
+            return True
+
+        if not host:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            ip = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+            if ip in self.trusted_hosts:
+                return True
+            return any(ip in net for net in self.trusted_networks)
+
+        except ValueError:
+            return host in self.trusted_literals
+
+    def get_trusted_client_address(self, x_forwarded_for: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+        """Extract the client address from x_forwarded_for header.
+
+        In general this is the first "untrusted" host in the forwarded for list.
+        """
+        x_forwarded_for_hosts = _parse_raw_hosts(x_forwarded_for)
+
+        if self.always_trust:
+            return _parse_host_port(x_forwarded_for_hosts[0])
+
+        # Note: each proxy appends to the header list so check it in reverse order
+        for host_port in reversed(x_forwarded_for_hosts):
+            host, port = _parse_host_port(host_port)
+            if host not in self:
+                return host, port
+
+        # All hosts are trusted meaning that the client was also a trusted proxy
+        # See https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/1068#issuecomment-855371576
+        return _parse_host_port(x_forwarded_for_hosts[0])
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/wsgi.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/wsgi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2e3cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/middleware/wsgi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import io
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGIReceiveCallable,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendCallable,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    Environ,
+    ExcInfo,
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPResponseBodyEvent,
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent,
+    HTTPScope,
+    StartResponse,
+    WSGIApp,
+)
+
+
+def build_environ(scope: HTTPScope, message: ASGIReceiveEvent, body: io.BytesIO) -> Environ:
+    """
+    Builds a scope and request message into a WSGI environ object.
+    """
+    script_name = scope.get("root_path", "").encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    path_info = scope["path"].encode("utf8").decode("latin1")
+    if path_info.startswith(script_name):
+        path_info = path_info[len(script_name) :]
+    environ = {
+        "REQUEST_METHOD": scope["method"],
+        "SCRIPT_NAME": script_name,
+        "PATH_INFO": path_info,
+        "QUERY_STRING": scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"),
+        "SERVER_PROTOCOL": "HTTP/%s" % scope["http_version"],
+        "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
+        "wsgi.url_scheme": scope.get("scheme", "http"),
+        "wsgi.input": body,
+        "wsgi.errors": sys.stdout,
+        "wsgi.multithread": True,
+        "wsgi.multiprocess": True,
+        "wsgi.run_once": False,
+    }
+
+    # Get server name and port - required in WSGI, not in ASGI
+    server = scope.get("server")
+    if server is None:
+        server = ("localhost", 80)
+    environ["SERVER_NAME"] = server[0]
+    environ["SERVER_PORT"] = server[1]
+
+    # Get client IP address
+    client = scope.get("client")
+    if client is not None:
+        environ["REMOTE_ADDR"] = client[0]
+
+    # Go through headers and make them into environ entries
+    for name, value in scope.get("headers", []):
+        name_str: str = name.decode("latin1")
+        if name_str == "content-length":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_LENGTH"
+        elif name_str == "content-type":
+            corrected_name = "CONTENT_TYPE"
+        else:
+            corrected_name = "HTTP_%s" % name_str.upper().replace("-", "_")
+        # HTTPbis say only ASCII chars are allowed in headers, but we latin1
+        # just in case
+        value_str: str = value.decode("latin1")
+        if corrected_name in environ:
+            corrected_name_environ = environ[corrected_name]
+            assert isinstance(corrected_name_environ, str)
+            value_str = corrected_name_environ + "," + value_str
+        environ[corrected_name] = value_str
+    return environ
+
+
+class _WSGIMiddleware:
+    def __init__(self, app: WSGIApp, workers: int = 10):
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Uvicorn's native WSGI implementation is deprecated, you should switch to a2wsgi (`pip install a2wsgi`).",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        self.app = app
+        self.executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers)
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+        receive: ASGIReceiveCallable,
+        send: ASGISendCallable,
+    ) -> None:
+        assert scope["type"] == "http"
+        instance = WSGIResponder(self.app, self.executor, scope)
+        await instance(receive, send)
+
+
+class WSGIResponder:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        app: WSGIApp,
+        executor: concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+    ):
+        self.app = app
+        self.executor = executor
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.status = None
+        self.response_headers = None
+        self.send_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.send_queue: deque[ASGISendEvent | None] = deque()
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.exc_info: ExcInfo | None = None
+
+    async def __call__(self, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+        message: HTTPRequestEvent = await receive()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        body = io.BytesIO(message.get("body", b""))
+        more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+        if more_body:
+            body.seek(0, io.SEEK_END)
+            while more_body:
+                body_message: HTTPRequestEvent = (
+                    await receive()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                )
+                body.write(body_message.get("body", b""))
+                more_body = body_message.get("more_body", False)
+            body.seek(0)
+        environ = build_environ(self.scope, message, body)
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        wsgi = self.loop.run_in_executor(self.executor, self.wsgi, environ, self.start_response)
+        sender = self.loop.create_task(self.sender(send))
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(wsgi, None)
+        finally:
+            self.send_queue.append(None)
+            self.send_event.set()
+            await asyncio.wait_for(sender, None)
+        if self.exc_info is not None:
+            raise self.exc_info[0].with_traceback(self.exc_info[1], self.exc_info[2])
+
+    async def sender(self, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+        while True:
+            if self.send_queue:
+                message = self.send_queue.popleft()
+                if message is None:
+                    return
+                await send(message)
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                await self.send_event.wait()
+                self.send_event.clear()
+
+    def start_response(
+        self,
+        status: str,
+        response_headers: Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        exc_info: ExcInfo | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+        if not self.response_started:
+            self.response_started = True
+            status_code_str, _ = status.split(" ", 1)
+            status_code = int(status_code_str)
+            headers = [(name.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii")) for name, value in response_headers]
+            http_response_start_event: HTTPResponseStartEvent = {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": status_code,
+                "headers": headers,
+            }
+            self.send_queue.append(http_response_start_event)
+            self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.send_event.set)
+
+    def wsgi(self, environ: Environ, start_response: StartResponse) -> None:
+        for chunk in self.app(environ, start_response):  # type: ignore
+            response_body: HTTPResponseBodyEvent = {
+                "type": "http.response.body",
+                "body": chunk,
+                "more_body": True,
+            }
+            self.send_queue.append(response_body)
+            self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.send_event.set)
+
+        empty_body: HTTPResponseBodyEvent = {
+            "type": "http.response.body",
+            "body": b"",
+            "more_body": False,
+        }
+        self.send_queue.append(empty_body)
+        self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.send_event.set)
+
+
+try:
+    from a2wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
+except ModuleNotFoundError:  # pragma: no cover
+    WSGIMiddleware = _WSGIMiddleware  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/__pycache__/httptools_impl.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/__pycache__/httptools_impl.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/auto.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a14bec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+AutoHTTPProtocol: type[asyncio.Protocol]
+try:
+    import httptools  # noqa
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl import H11Protocol
+
+    AutoHTTPProtocol = H11Protocol
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.httptools_impl import HttpToolsProtocol
+
+    AutoHTTPProtocol = HttpToolsProtocol
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/flow_control.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/flow_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d1b5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/flow_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import asyncio
+
+from uvicorn._types import ASGIReceiveCallable, ASGISendCallable, Scope
+
+CLOSE_HEADER = (b"connection", b"close")
+
+HIGH_WATER_LIMIT = 65536
+
+
+class FlowControl:
+    def __init__(self, transport: asyncio.Transport) -> None:
+        self._transport = transport
+        self.read_paused = False
+        self.write_paused = False
+        self._is_writable_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._is_writable_event.set()
+
+    async def drain(self) -> None:
+        await self._is_writable_event.wait()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def pause_reading(self) -> None:
+        if not self.read_paused:
+            self.read_paused = True
+            self._transport.pause_reading()
+
+    def resume_reading(self) -> None:
+        if self.read_paused:
+            self.read_paused = False
+            self._transport.resume_reading()
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        if not self.write_paused:  # pragma: full coverage
+            self.write_paused = True
+            self._is_writable_event.clear()
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        if self.write_paused:  # pragma: full coverage
+            self.write_paused = False
+            self._is_writable_event.set()
+
+
+async def service_unavailable(scope: Scope, receive: ASGIReceiveCallable, send: ASGISendCallable) -> None:
+    await send(
+        {
+            "type": "http.response.start",
+            "status": 503,
+            "headers": [
+                (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+                (b"content-length", b"19"),
+                (b"connection", b"close"),
+            ],
+        }
+    )
+    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"Service Unavailable", "more_body": False})
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/h11_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/h11_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb68ea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/h11_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextvars
+import http
+import logging
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import h11
+from h11._connection import DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPResponseBodyEvent,
+    HTTPResponseStartEvent,
+    HTTPScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.http.flow_control import CLOSE_HEADER, HIGH_WATER_LIMIT, FlowControl, service_unavailable
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import get_client_addr, get_local_addr, get_path_with_query_string, get_remote_addr, is_ssl
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+
+def _get_status_phrase(status_code: int) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        return http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase.encode()
+    except ValueError:
+        return b""
+
+
+STATUS_PHRASES = {status_code: _get_status_phrase(status_code) for status_code in range(100, 600)}
+
+
+class H11Protocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = config.loaded_app
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.access_logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access")
+        self.access_log = self.access_logger.hasHandlers()
+        self.conn = h11.Connection(
+            h11.SERVER,
+            config.h11_max_incomplete_event_size
+            if config.h11_max_incomplete_event_size is not None
+            else DEFAULT_MAX_INCOMPLETE_EVENT_SIZE,
+        )
+        self.ws_protocol_class = config.ws_protocol_class
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.limit_concurrency = config.limit_concurrency
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Timeouts
+        self.timeout_keep_alive_task: asyncio.TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.timeout_keep_alive = config.timeout_keep_alive
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.server_state = server_state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+
+        # Per-connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.flow: FlowControl = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["http", "https"] | None = None
+
+        # Per-request state
+        self.scope: HTTPScope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.cycle: RequestResponseCycle = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    # Protocol interface
+    def connection_made(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, transport: asyncio.Transport
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connections.add(self)
+
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = FlowControl(transport)
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "https" if is_ssl(transport) else "http"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection lost", prefix)
+
+        if self.cycle and not self.cycle.response_complete:
+            self.cycle.disconnected = True
+        if self.conn.our_state != h11.ERROR:
+            event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+            try:
+                self.conn.send(event)
+            except h11.LocalProtocolError:
+                # Premature client disconnect
+                pass
+
+        if self.cycle is not None:
+            self.cycle.message_event.set()
+        if self.flow is not None:
+            self.flow.resume_writing()
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+            self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _unset_keepalive_if_required(self) -> None:
+        if self.timeout_keep_alive_task is not None:
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task.cancel()
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task = None
+
+    def _get_upgrade(self) -> bytes | None:
+        connection = []
+        upgrade = None
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"connection":
+                connection = [token.lower().strip() for token in value.split(b",")]
+            if name == b"upgrade":
+                upgrade = value.lower()
+        if b"upgrade" in connection:
+            return upgrade
+        return None
+
+    def _should_upgrade_to_ws(self) -> bool:
+        if self.ws_protocol_class is None:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _unsupported_upgrade_warning(self) -> None:
+        msg = "Unsupported upgrade request."
+        self.logger.warning(msg)
+        if not self._should_upgrade_to_ws():
+            msg = "No supported WebSocket library detected. Please use \"pip install 'uvicorn[standard]'\", or install 'websockets' or 'wsproto' manually."  # noqa: E501
+            self.logger.warning(msg)
+
+    def _should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        upgrade = self._get_upgrade()
+        if upgrade == b"websocket" and self._should_upgrade_to_ws():
+            return True
+        if upgrade is not None:
+            self._unsupported_upgrade_warning()
+        return False
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        self.conn.receive_data(data)
+        self.handle_events()
+
+    def handle_events(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                event = self.conn.next_event()
+            except h11.RemoteProtocolError:
+                msg = "Invalid HTTP request received."
+                self.logger.warning(msg)
+                self.send_400_response(msg)
+                return
+
+            if event is h11.NEED_DATA:
+                break
+
+            elif event is h11.PAUSED:
+                # This case can occur in HTTP pipelining, so we need to
+                # stop reading any more data, and ensure that at the end
+                # of the active request/response cycle we handle any
+                # events that have been buffered up.
+                self.flow.pause_reading()
+                break
+
+            elif isinstance(event, h11.Request):
+                self.headers = [(key.lower(), value) for key, value in event.headers]
+                raw_path, _, query_string = event.target.partition(b"?")
+                path = unquote(raw_path.decode("ascii"))
+                full_path = self.root_path + path
+                full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path
+                self.scope = {
+                    "type": "http",
+                    "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.3"},
+                    "http_version": event.http_version.decode("ascii"),
+                    "server": self.server,
+                    "client": self.client,
+                    "scheme": self.scheme,  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+                    "method": event.method.decode("ascii"),
+                    "root_path": self.root_path,
+                    "path": full_path,
+                    "raw_path": full_raw_path,
+                    "query_string": query_string,
+                    "headers": self.headers,
+                    "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+                }
+                if self._should_upgrade():
+                    self.handle_websocket_upgrade(event)
+                    return
+
+                # Handle 503 responses when 'limit_concurrency' is exceeded.
+                if self.limit_concurrency is not None and (
+                    len(self.connections) >= self.limit_concurrency or len(self.tasks) >= self.limit_concurrency
+                ):
+                    app = service_unavailable
+                    message = "Exceeded concurrency limit."
+                    self.logger.warning(message)
+                else:
+                    app = self.app
+
+                # When starting to process a request, disable the keep-alive
+                # timeout. Normally we disable this when receiving data from
+                # client and set back when finishing processing its request.
+                # However, for pipelined requests processing finishes after
+                # already receiving the next request and thus the timer may
+                # be set here, which we don't want.
+                self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+                self.cycle = RequestResponseCycle(
+                    scope=self.scope,
+                    conn=self.conn,
+                    transport=self.transport,
+                    flow=self.flow,
+                    logger=self.logger,
+                    access_logger=self.access_logger,
+                    access_log=self.access_log,
+                    default_headers=self.server_state.default_headers,
+                    message_event=asyncio.Event(),
+                    on_response=self.on_response_complete,
+                )
+                if self.config.reset_contextvars:
+                    # Opt-in workaround for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/140947:
+                    # asyncio can leak context vars between tasks. Hides context set in the
+                    # lifespan or by external instrumentation.
+                    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: py-lt-311
+                        task = self.loop.create_task(self.cycle.run_asgi(app), context=contextvars.Context())
+                    else:  # pragma: py-gte-311
+                        task = contextvars.Context().run(self.loop.create_task, self.cycle.run_asgi(app))
+                else:
+                    task = self.loop.create_task(self.cycle.run_asgi(app))
+                task.add_done_callback(self.tasks.discard)
+                self.tasks.add(task)
+
+            elif isinstance(event, h11.Data):
+                if self.conn.our_state is h11.DONE:
+                    continue
+                self.cycle.body += event.data
+                if len(self.cycle.body) > HIGH_WATER_LIMIT:
+                    self.flow.pause_reading()
+                self.cycle.message_event.set()
+
+            elif isinstance(event, h11.EndOfMessage):
+                if self.conn.our_state is h11.DONE:
+                    self.transport.resume_reading()
+                    self.conn.start_next_cycle()
+                    continue
+                self.cycle.more_body = False
+                self.cycle.message_event.set()
+                if self.conn.their_state == h11.MUST_CLOSE:
+                    break
+
+    def handle_websocket_upgrade(self, event: h11.Request) -> None:
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:  # pragma: full coverage
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sUpgrading to WebSocket", prefix)
+
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+        output = [event.method, b" ", event.target, b" HTTP/1.1\r\n"]
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            output += [name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"]
+        output.append(b"\r\n")
+        protocol = self.ws_protocol_class(  # type: ignore[call-arg, misc]
+            config=self.config,
+            server_state=self.server_state,
+            app_state=self.app_state,
+        )
+        protocol.connection_made(self.transport)
+        protocol.data_received(b"".join(output))
+        self.transport.set_protocol(protocol)
+
+    def send_400_response(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        reason = STATUS_PHRASES[400]
+        headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = [
+            (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+            (b"connection", b"close"),
+        ]
+        event = h11.Response(status_code=400, headers=headers, reason=reason)
+        output = self.conn.send(event)
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+        output = self.conn.send(event=h11.Data(data=msg.encode("ascii")))
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+        output = self.conn.send(event=h11.EndOfMessage())
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_response_complete(self) -> None:
+        self.server_state.total_requests += 1
+
+        if self.transport.is_closing():
+            return
+
+        # Set a short Keep-Alive timeout.
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        self.timeout_keep_alive_task = self.loop.call_later(self.timeout_keep_alive, self.timeout_keep_alive_handler)
+
+        # Unpause data reads if needed.
+        self.flow.resume_reading()
+
+        # Unblock any pipelined events.
+        if self.conn.our_state is h11.DONE and self.conn.their_state is h11.DONE:
+            self.conn.start_next_cycle()
+            self.handle_events()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the server to commence a graceful shutdown.
+        """
+        if self.cycle is None or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+            self.conn.send(event)
+            self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            self.cycle.keep_alive = False
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer exceeds the high water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.pause_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer drops below the low water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.resume_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def timeout_keep_alive_handler(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called on a keep-alive connection if no new data is received after a short
+        delay.
+        """
+        if not self.transport.is_closing():
+            event = h11.ConnectionClosed()
+            self.conn.send(event)
+            self.transport.close()
+
+
+class RequestResponseCycle:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+        conn: h11.Connection,
+        transport: asyncio.Transport,
+        flow: FlowControl,
+        logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_log: bool,
+        default_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        message_event: asyncio.Event,
+        on_response: Callable[..., None],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.conn = conn
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = flow
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.access_logger = access_logger
+        self.access_log = access_log
+        self.default_headers = default_headers
+        self.message_event = message_event
+        self.on_response = on_response
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.disconnected = False
+        self.keep_alive = True
+        self.waiting_for_100_continue = conn.they_are_waiting_for_100_continue
+
+        # Request state
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        self.more_body = True
+
+        # Response state
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.response_complete = False
+
+    # ASGI exception wrapper
+    async def run_asgi(self, app: ASGI3Application) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await app(  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+                self.scope, self.receive, self.send
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            msg = "Exception in ASGI application\n"
+            self.logger.error(msg, exc_info=exc)
+            if not self.response_started:
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            else:
+                self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            if result is not None:
+                msg = "ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'."
+                self.logger.error(msg, result)
+                self.transport.close()
+            elif not self.response_started and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without starting response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            elif not self.response_complete and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without completing response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                self.transport.close()
+        finally:
+            self.on_response = lambda: None
+
+    async def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        response_start_event: HTTPResponseStartEvent = {
+            "type": "http.response.start",
+            "status": 500,
+            "headers": [
+                (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+                (b"connection", b"close"),
+            ],
+        }
+        await self.send(response_start_event)
+        response_body_event: HTTPResponseBodyEvent = {
+            "type": "http.response.body",
+            "body": b"Internal Server Error",
+            "more_body": False,
+        }
+        await self.send(response_body_event)
+
+    # ASGI interface
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        if self.flow.write_paused and not self.disconnected:
+            await self.flow.drain()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if self.disconnected:
+            return  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if not self.response_started:
+            # Sending response status line and headers
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.start":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.start', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            self.response_started = True
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+            status = message["status"]
+            headers = self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", []))
+
+            if CLOSE_HEADER in self.scope["headers"] and CLOSE_HEADER not in headers:
+                headers = headers + [CLOSE_HEADER]
+
+            if self.access_log:
+                self.access_logger.info(
+                    '%s - "%s %s HTTP/%s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["method"],
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["http_version"],
+                    status,
+                )
+
+            # Write response status line and headers
+            reason = STATUS_PHRASES[status]
+            response = h11.Response(status_code=status, headers=headers, reason=reason)
+            output = self.conn.send(event=response)
+            self.transport.write(output)
+
+        elif not self.response_complete:
+            # Sending response body
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.body":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.body', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+            # Write response body
+            data = b"" if self.scope["method"] == "HEAD" else body
+            output = self.conn.send(event=h11.Data(data=data))
+            self.transport.write(output)
+
+            # Handle response completion
+            if not more_body:
+                self.response_complete = True
+                self.message_event.set()
+                output = self.conn.send(event=h11.EndOfMessage())
+                self.transport.write(output)
+
+        else:
+            # Response already sent
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}' sent, after response already completed.")
+
+        if self.response_complete:
+            if self.conn.our_state is h11.MUST_CLOSE or not self.keep_alive:
+                self.conn.send(event=h11.ConnectionClosed())
+                self.transport.close()
+            self.on_response()
+
+    async def receive(self) -> ASGIReceiveEvent:
+        if self.waiting_for_100_continue and not self.transport.is_closing():
+            headers: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+            event = h11.InformationalResponse(status_code=100, headers=headers, reason="Continue")
+            output = self.conn.send(event=event)
+            self.transport.write(output)
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        if not self.disconnected and not self.response_complete:
+            self.flow.resume_reading()
+            await self.message_event.wait()
+            self.message_event.clear()
+
+        if self.disconnected or self.response_complete:
+            return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+
+        message: HTTPRequestEvent = {"type": "http.request", "body": bytes(self.body), "more_body": self.more_body}
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        return message
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/httptools_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/httptools_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9c6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/http/httptools_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextvars
+import http
+import logging
+import re
+import sys
+import urllib
+from asyncio.events import TimerHandle
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+import httptools
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    HTTPRequestEvent,
+    HTTPScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.http.flow_control import CLOSE_HEADER, HIGH_WATER_LIMIT, FlowControl, service_unavailable
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import get_client_addr, get_local_addr, get_path_with_query_string, get_remote_addr, is_ssl
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+HEADER_RE = re.compile(b'[\x00-\x1f\x7f()<>@,;:\\[\\]={} \t\\\\"]')
+HEADER_VALUE_RE = re.compile(b"[\x00-\x08\x0a-\x1f\x7f]")
+
+
+def _get_status_line(status_code: int) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        phrase = http.HTTPStatus(status_code).phrase.encode()
+    except ValueError:
+        phrase = b""
+    return b"".join([b"HTTP/1.1 ", str(status_code).encode(), b" ", phrase, b"\r\n"])
+
+
+STATUS_LINE = {status_code: _get_status_line(status_code) for status_code in range(100, 600)}
+
+
+class HttpToolsProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = config.loaded_app
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.access_logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access")
+        self.access_log = self.access_logger.hasHandlers()
+        self.parser = httptools.HttpRequestParser(self)
+
+        try:
+            # Enable dangerous leniencies to allow server to a response on the first request from a pipelined request.
+            self.parser.set_dangerous_leniencies(lenient_data_after_close=True)
+        except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # httptools < 0.6.3
+            pass
+
+        self.ws_protocol_class = config.ws_protocol_class
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.limit_concurrency = config.limit_concurrency
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Timeouts
+        self.timeout_keep_alive_task: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.timeout_keep_alive = config.timeout_keep_alive
+
+        # Global state
+        self.server_state = server_state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+
+        # Per-connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.flow: FlowControl = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["http", "https"] | None = None
+        self.pipeline: deque[tuple[RequestResponseCycle, ASGI3Application]] = deque()
+
+        # Per-request state
+        self.scope: HTTPScope = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.expect_100_continue = False
+        self.cycle: RequestResponseCycle = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    # Protocol interface
+    def connection_made(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, transport: asyncio.Transport
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connections.add(self)
+
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = FlowControl(transport)
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "https" if is_ssl(transport) else "http"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sHTTP connection lost", prefix)
+
+        if self.cycle and not self.cycle.response_complete:
+            self.cycle.disconnected = True
+        if self.cycle is not None:
+            self.cycle.message_event.set()
+        if self.flow is not None:
+            self.flow.resume_writing()
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+            self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        self.parser = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _unset_keepalive_if_required(self) -> None:
+        if self.timeout_keep_alive_task is not None:
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task.cancel()
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task = None
+
+    def _get_upgrade(self) -> bytes | None:
+        connection = []
+        upgrade = None
+        for name, value in self.headers:
+            if name == b"connection":
+                connection = [token.lower().strip() for token in value.split(b",")]
+            if name == b"upgrade":
+                upgrade = value.lower()
+        if b"upgrade" in connection:
+            return upgrade
+        return None  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def _should_upgrade_to_ws(self) -> bool:
+        if self.ws_protocol_class is None:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def _unsupported_upgrade_warning(self) -> None:
+        self.logger.warning("Unsupported upgrade request.")
+        if not self._should_upgrade_to_ws():
+            msg = "No supported WebSocket library detected. Please use \"pip install 'uvicorn[standard]'\", or install 'websockets' or 'wsproto' manually."  # noqa: E501
+            self.logger.warning(msg)
+
+    def _should_upgrade(self) -> bool:
+        upgrade = self._get_upgrade()
+        return upgrade == b"websocket" and self._should_upgrade_to_ws()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        try:
+            self.parser.feed_data(data)
+        except httptools.HttpParserError:
+            msg = "Invalid HTTP request received."
+            self.logger.warning(msg)
+            self.send_400_response(msg)
+            return
+        except httptools.HttpParserUpgrade:
+            if self._should_upgrade():
+                self.handle_websocket_upgrade()
+            else:
+                self._unsupported_upgrade_warning()
+
+    def handle_websocket_upgrade(self) -> None:
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sUpgrading to WebSocket", prefix)
+
+        self.connections.discard(self)
+        method = self.scope["method"].encode()
+        output = [method, b" ", self.url, b" HTTP/1.1\r\n"]
+        for name, value in self.scope["headers"]:
+            output += [name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"]
+        output.append(b"\r\n")
+        protocol = self.ws_protocol_class(  # type: ignore[call-arg, misc]
+            config=self.config,
+            server_state=self.server_state,
+            app_state=self.app_state,
+        )
+        protocol.connection_made(self.transport)
+        protocol.data_received(b"".join(output))
+        self.transport.set_protocol(protocol)
+
+    def send_400_response(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        content = [STATUS_LINE[400]]
+        for name, value in self.server_state.default_headers:
+            content.extend([name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"])  # pragma: full coverage
+        content.extend(
+            [
+                b"content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n",
+                b"content-length: " + str(len(msg)).encode("ascii") + b"\r\n",
+                b"connection: close\r\n",
+                b"\r\n",
+                msg.encode("ascii"),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_message_begin(self) -> None:
+        self.url = b""
+        self.expect_100_continue = False
+        self.headers = []
+        self.scope = {  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            "type": "http",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.3"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "scheme": self.scheme,  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "headers": self.headers,
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+        }
+
+    # Parser callbacks
+    def on_url(self, url: bytes) -> None:
+        self.url += url
+
+    def on_header(self, name: bytes, value: bytes) -> None:
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name == b"expect" and value.lower() == b"100-continue":
+            self.expect_100_continue = True
+        self.headers.append((name, value))
+
+    def on_headers_complete(self) -> None:
+        http_version = self.parser.get_http_version()
+        method = self.parser.get_method()
+        self.scope["method"] = method.decode("ascii")
+        if http_version != "1.1":
+            self.scope["http_version"] = http_version
+        if self.parser.should_upgrade() and self._should_upgrade():
+            return
+        parsed_url = httptools.parse_url(self.url)
+        raw_path = parsed_url.path
+        path = raw_path.decode("ascii")
+        if "%" in path:
+            path = urllib.parse.unquote(path)
+        full_path = self.root_path + path
+        full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path
+        self.scope["path"] = full_path
+        self.scope["raw_path"] = full_raw_path
+        self.scope["query_string"] = parsed_url.query or b""
+
+        # Handle 503 responses when 'limit_concurrency' is exceeded.
+        if self.limit_concurrency is not None and (
+            len(self.connections) >= self.limit_concurrency or len(self.tasks) >= self.limit_concurrency
+        ):
+            app = service_unavailable
+            message = "Exceeded concurrency limit."
+            self.logger.warning(message)
+        else:
+            app = self.app
+
+        existing_cycle = self.cycle
+        self.cycle = RequestResponseCycle(
+            scope=self.scope,
+            transport=self.transport,
+            flow=self.flow,
+            logger=self.logger,
+            access_logger=self.access_logger,
+            access_log=self.access_log,
+            default_headers=self.server_state.default_headers,
+            message_event=asyncio.Event(),
+            expect_100_continue=self.expect_100_continue,
+            keep_alive=http_version != "1.0",
+            on_response=self.on_response_complete,
+        )
+        if existing_cycle is None or existing_cycle.response_complete:
+            # Standard case - start processing the request.
+            self._start_asgi_task(self.cycle, app)
+        else:
+            # Pipelined HTTP requests need to be queued up.
+            self.flow.pause_reading()
+            self.pipeline.appendleft((self.cycle, app))
+
+    def _start_asgi_task(self, cycle: RequestResponseCycle, app: ASGI3Application) -> None:
+        if self.config.reset_contextvars:
+            # Opt-in workaround for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/140947:
+            # asyncio can leak context vars between tasks. Hides context set in the
+            # lifespan or by external instrumentation.
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: py-lt-311
+                task = self.loop.create_task(cycle.run_asgi(app), context=contextvars.Context())
+            else:  # pragma: py-gte-311
+                task = contextvars.Context().run(self.loop.create_task, cycle.run_asgi(app))
+        else:
+            task = self.loop.create_task(cycle.run_asgi(app))
+        task.add_done_callback(self.tasks.discard)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+
+    def on_body(self, body: bytes) -> None:
+        if (self.parser.should_upgrade() and self._should_upgrade()) or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            return
+        self.cycle.body += body
+        if len(self.cycle.body) > HIGH_WATER_LIMIT:
+            self.flow.pause_reading()
+        self.cycle.message_event.set()
+
+    def on_message_complete(self) -> None:
+        if (self.parser.should_upgrade() and self._should_upgrade()) or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            return
+        self.cycle.more_body = False
+        self.cycle.message_event.set()
+
+    def on_response_complete(self) -> None:
+        # Callback for pipelined HTTP requests to be started.
+        self.server_state.total_requests += 1
+
+        if self.transport.is_closing():
+            return
+
+        self._unset_keepalive_if_required()
+
+        # Unpause data reads if needed.
+        self.flow.resume_reading()
+
+        # Unblock any pipelined events. If there are none, arm the
+        # Keep-Alive timeout instead.
+        if self.pipeline:
+            cycle, app = self.pipeline.pop()
+            self._start_asgi_task(cycle, app)
+        else:
+            self.timeout_keep_alive_task = self.loop.call_later(
+                self.timeout_keep_alive, self.timeout_keep_alive_handler
+            )
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the server to commence a graceful shutdown.
+        """
+        if self.cycle is None or self.cycle.response_complete:
+            self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            self.cycle.keep_alive = False
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer exceeds the high water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.pause_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer drops below the low water mark.
+        """
+        self.flow.resume_writing()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def timeout_keep_alive_handler(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called on a keep-alive connection if no new data is received after a short
+        delay.
+        """
+        if not self.transport.is_closing():
+            self.transport.close()
+
+
+class RequestResponseCycle:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scope: HTTPScope,
+        transport: asyncio.Transport,
+        flow: FlowControl,
+        logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_logger: logging.Logger,
+        access_log: bool,
+        default_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]],
+        message_event: asyncio.Event,
+        expect_100_continue: bool,
+        keep_alive: bool,
+        on_response: Callable[..., None],
+    ):
+        self.scope = scope
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.flow = flow
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.access_logger = access_logger
+        self.access_log = access_log
+        self.default_headers = default_headers
+        self.message_event = message_event
+        self.on_response = on_response
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.disconnected = False
+        self.keep_alive = keep_alive
+        self.waiting_for_100_continue = expect_100_continue
+
+        # Request state
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        self.more_body = True
+
+        # Response state
+        self.response_started = False
+        self.response_complete = False
+        self.chunked_encoding: bool | None = None
+        self.expected_content_length = 0
+
+    # ASGI exception wrapper
+    async def run_asgi(self, app: ASGI3Application) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await app(  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+                self.scope, self.receive, self.send
+            )
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            msg = "Exception in ASGI application\n"
+            self.logger.error(msg, exc_info=exc)
+            if not self.response_started:
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            else:
+                self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            if result is not None:
+                msg = "ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'."
+                self.logger.error(msg, result)
+                self.transport.close()
+            elif not self.response_started and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without starting response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                await self.send_500_response()
+            elif not self.response_complete and not self.disconnected:
+                msg = "ASGI callable returned without completing response."
+                self.logger.error(msg)
+                self.transport.close()
+        finally:
+            self.on_response = lambda: None
+
+    async def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        await self.send(
+            {
+                "type": "http.response.start",
+                "status": 500,
+                "headers": [
+                    (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+                    (b"content-length", b"21"),
+                    (b"connection", b"close"),
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+        await self.send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"Internal Server Error", "more_body": False})
+
+    # ASGI interface
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        if self.flow.write_paused and not self.disconnected:
+            await self.flow.drain()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if self.disconnected:
+            return  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        if not self.response_started:
+            # Sending response status line and headers
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.start":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.start', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            self.response_started = True
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+            status_code = message["status"]
+            headers = self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", []))
+
+            if CLOSE_HEADER in self.scope["headers"] and CLOSE_HEADER not in headers:
+                headers = headers + [CLOSE_HEADER]
+
+            if self.access_log:
+                self.access_logger.info(
+                    '%s - "%s %s HTTP/%s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["method"],
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    self.scope["http_version"],
+                    status_code,
+                )
+
+            # Write response status line and headers
+            content = [STATUS_LINE[status_code]]
+
+            for name, value in headers:
+                if HEADER_RE.search(name):
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid HTTP header name.")  # pragma: full coverage
+                if HEADER_VALUE_RE.search(value):
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid HTTP header value.")
+
+                name = name.lower()
+                if name == b"content-length" and self.chunked_encoding is None:
+                    self.expected_content_length = int(value.decode())
+                    self.chunked_encoding = False
+                elif name == b"transfer-encoding" and value.lower() == b"chunked":
+                    self.expected_content_length = 0
+                    self.chunked_encoding = True
+                elif name == b"connection" and value.lower() == b"close":
+                    self.keep_alive = False
+                content.extend([name, b": ", value, b"\r\n"])
+
+            if self.chunked_encoding is None and self.scope["method"] != "HEAD" and status_code not in (204, 304):
+                # Neither content-length nor transfer-encoding specified
+                self.chunked_encoding = True
+                content.append(b"transfer-encoding: chunked\r\n")
+
+            content.append(b"\r\n")
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+
+        elif not self.response_complete:
+            # Sending response body
+            if message["type"] != "http.response.body":
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'http.response.body', but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+            body = message.get("body", b"")
+            more_body = message.get("more_body", False)
+
+            # Write response body
+            if self.scope["method"] == "HEAD":
+                self.expected_content_length = 0
+            elif self.chunked_encoding:
+                if body:
+                    content = [b"%x\r\n" % len(body), body, b"\r\n"]
+                else:
+                    content = []
+                if not more_body:
+                    content.append(b"0\r\n\r\n")
+                self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+            else:
+                num_bytes = len(body)
+                if num_bytes > self.expected_content_length:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Response content longer than Content-Length")
+                else:
+                    self.expected_content_length -= num_bytes
+                self.transport.write(body)
+
+            # Handle response completion
+            if not more_body:
+                if self.expected_content_length != 0:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Response content shorter than Content-Length")
+                self.response_complete = True
+                self.message_event.set()
+                if not self.keep_alive:
+                    self.transport.close()
+                self.on_response()
+
+        else:
+            # Response already sent
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}' sent, after response already completed.")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> ASGIReceiveEvent:
+        if self.waiting_for_100_continue and not self.transport.is_closing():
+            self.transport.write(b"HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n")
+            self.waiting_for_100_continue = False
+
+        if not self.disconnected and not self.response_complete:
+            self.flow.resume_reading()
+            await self.message_event.wait()
+            self.message_event.clear()
+
+        if self.disconnected or self.response_complete:
+            return {"type": "http.disconnect"}
+        message: HTTPRequestEvent = {"type": "http.request", "body": bytes(self.body), "more_body": self.more_body}
+        self.body = bytearray()
+        return message
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9a8906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import socket
+import urllib.parse
+
+from uvicorn._types import WWWScope
+
+
+class ClientDisconnected(OSError): ...
+
+
+def get_remote_addr(transport: asyncio.Transport) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
+    socket_info: socket.socket | None = transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+    if socket_info is not None:
+        try:
+            info = socket_info.getpeername()
+            return (str(info[0]), int(info[1])) if isinstance(info, tuple) else None
+        except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # This case appears to inconsistently occur with uvloop
+            # bound to a unix domain socket.
+            return None
+
+    info = transport.get_extra_info("peername")
+    if info is not None and isinstance(info, list | tuple) and len(info) == 2:
+        return (str(info[0]), int(info[1]))
+    return None
+
+
+def get_local_addr(transport: asyncio.Transport) -> tuple[str, int | None] | None:
+    socket_info: socket.socket | None = transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+    if socket_info is not None:
+        info = socket_info.getsockname()
+        if isinstance(info, tuple):
+            return (str(info[0]), int(info[1]))
+        if isinstance(info, str):
+            return (info, None)
+        return None
+    info = transport.get_extra_info("sockname")
+    if info is not None and isinstance(info, list | tuple) and len(info) == 2:
+        return (str(info[0]), int(info[1]))
+    if isinstance(info, str):
+        return (info, None)
+    return None
+
+
+def is_ssl(transport: asyncio.Transport) -> bool:
+    return bool(transport.get_extra_info("sslcontext"))
+
+
+def get_client_addr(scope: WWWScope) -> str:
+    client = scope.get("client")
+    if not client:
+        return ""
+    return "%s:%d" % client
+
+
+def get_path_with_query_string(scope: WWWScope) -> str:
+    path_with_query_string = urllib.parse.quote(scope["path"])
+    if scope["query_string"]:
+        path_with_query_string = "{}?{}".format(path_with_query_string, scope["query_string"].decode("ascii"))
+    return path_with_query_string
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/auto.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/auto.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7180ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/auto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+AutoWebSocketsProtocol: Callable[..., asyncio.Protocol] | None
+try:
+    import websockets  # noqa
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        import wsproto  # noqa
+    except ImportError:
+        AutoWebSocketsProtocol = None
+    else:
+        from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.wsproto_impl import WSProtocol
+
+        AutoWebSocketsProtocol = WSProtocol
+else:
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_impl import WebSocketProtocol
+
+    AutoWebSocketsProtocol = WebSocketProtocol
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e413939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import http
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import websockets
+import websockets.legacy.handshake
+from websockets.datastructures import Headers
+from websockets.exceptions import ConnectionClosed
+from websockets.extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
+from websockets.extensions.permessage_deflate import ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory
+from websockets.legacy.server import HTTPResponse
+from websockets.server import WebSocketServerProtocol
+from websockets.typing import Subprotocol
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGI3Application,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    WebSocketConnectEvent,
+    WebSocketDisconnectEvent,
+    WebSocketReceiveEvent,
+    WebSocketScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import (
+    ClientDisconnected,
+    get_client_addr,
+    get_local_addr,
+    get_path_with_query_string,
+    get_remote_addr,
+    is_ssl,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+
+class Server:
+    closing = False
+
+    def register(self, ws: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def unregister(self, ws: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def is_serving(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.closing
+
+
+class WebSocketProtocol(WebSocketServerProtocol):
+    extra_headers: list[tuple[str, str]]
+    logger: logging.Logger | logging.LoggerAdapter[Any]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ):
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = cast(ASGI3Application, config.loaded_app)
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["wss", "ws"] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # Connection events
+        self.scope: WebSocketScope
+        self.handshake_started_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.handshake_completed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.closed_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self.initial_response: HTTPResponse | None = None
+        self.connect_sent = False
+        self.lost_connection_before_handshake = False
+        self.accepted_subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        self.ws_server: Server = Server()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        extensions: list[ServerExtensionFactory] = []
+        if self.config.ws_per_message_deflate:
+            extensions.append(ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory())
+
+        super().__init__(
+            ws_handler=self.ws_handler,
+            ws_server=self.ws_server,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            max_size=self.config.ws_max_size,
+            max_queue=self.config.ws_max_queue,
+            ping_interval=self.config.ws_ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=self.config.ws_ping_timeout,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            logger=logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error"),
+        )
+        self.server_header = None
+        self.extra_headers = [
+            (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1")) for name, value in server_state.default_headers
+        ]
+
+    def connection_made(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, transport: asyncio.Transport
+    ) -> None:
+        self.connections.add(self)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "wss" if is_ssl(transport) else "ws"
+
+        if self.logger.isEnabledFor(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL):
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection made", prefix)
+
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.connections.remove(self)
+
+        if self.logger.isEnabledFor(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL):
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection lost", prefix)
+
+        self.lost_connection_before_handshake = not self.handshake_completed_event.is_set()
+        self.handshake_completed_event.set()
+        super().connection_lost(exc)
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.ws_server.closing = True
+        if self.handshake_completed_event.is_set():
+            self.fail_connection(1012)
+        else:
+            self.send_500_response()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_task_complete(self, task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+        self.tasks.discard(task)
+
+    async def process_request(self, path: str, request_headers: Headers) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        This hook is called to determine if the websocket should return
+        an HTTP response and close.
+
+        Our behavior here is to start the ASGI application, and then wait
+        for either `accept` or `close` in order to determine if we should
+        close the connection.
+        """
+        path_portion, _, query_string = path.partition("?")
+
+        websockets.legacy.handshake.check_request(request_headers)
+
+        subprotocols: list[str] = []
+        for header in request_headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"):
+            subprotocols.extend([token.strip() for token in header.split(",")])
+
+        asgi_headers = [
+            (name.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii", errors="surrogateescape"))
+            for name, value in request_headers.raw_items()
+        ]
+        path = unquote(path_portion)
+        full_path = self.root_path + path
+        full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + path_portion.encode("ascii")
+
+        self.scope = {
+            "type": "websocket",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.4"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "path": full_path,
+            "raw_path": full_raw_path,
+            "query_string": query_string.encode("ascii"),
+            "headers": asgi_headers,
+            "subprotocols": subprotocols,
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+            "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+        }
+        task = self.loop.create_task(self.run_asgi())
+        task.add_done_callback(self.on_task_complete)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+        await self.handshake_started_event.wait()
+        return self.initial_response
+
+    def process_subprotocol(
+        self, headers: Headers, available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        We override the standard 'process_subprotocol' behavior here so that
+        we return whatever subprotocol is sent in the 'accept' message.
+        """
+        return self.accepted_subprotocol
+
+    def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        msg = b"Internal Server Error"
+        content = [
+            b"HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\r\ncontent-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n",
+            b"content-length: " + str(len(msg)).encode("ascii") + b"\r\n",
+            b"connection: close\r\n",
+            b"\r\n",
+            msg,
+        ]
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(content))
+        # Allow handler task to terminate cleanly, as websockets doesn't cancel it by
+        # itself (see https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/920)
+        self.handshake_started_event.set()
+
+    async def ws_handler(self, protocol: WebSocketServerProtocol, path: str) -> Any:  # type: ignore[override]
+        """
+        This is the main handler function for the 'websockets' implementation
+        to call into. We just wait for close then return, and instead allow
+        'send' and 'receive' events to drive the flow.
+        """
+        self.handshake_completed_event.set()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+    async def run_asgi(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wrapper around the ASGI callable, handling exceptions and unexpected
+        termination states.
+        """
+        try:
+            result = await self.app(self.scope, self.asgi_receive, self.asgi_send)  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+        except ClientDisconnected:  # pragma: full coverage
+            self.closed_event.set()
+        except BaseException:
+            self.closed_event.set()
+            self.logger.exception("Exception in ASGI application\n")
+            if not self.handshake_started_event.is_set():
+                self.send_500_response()
+            else:
+                await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+        else:
+            self.closed_event.set()
+            if not self.handshake_started_event.is_set():
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable returned without sending handshake.")
+                self.send_500_response()
+            elif result is not None:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'.", result)
+            await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    async def asgi_send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        if not self.handshake_started_event.is_set():
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.accept":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" [accepted]',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                self.initial_response = None
+                self.accepted_subprotocol = cast(Subprotocol | None, message.get("subprotocol"))
+                if "headers" in message:
+                    self.extra_headers.extend(
+                        # ASGI spec requires bytes
+                        # But for compatibility we need to convert it to strings
+                        (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1"))
+                        for name, value in message["headers"]
+                    )
+                self.handshake_started_event.set()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" 403',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                self.initial_response = (http.HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN, [], b"")
+                self.handshake_started_event.set()
+                self.closed_event.set()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    message["status"],
+                )
+                # websockets requires the status to be an enum. look it up.
+                status = http.HTTPStatus(message["status"])
+                headers = [
+                    (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1")) for name, value in message.get("headers", [])
+                ]
+                self.initial_response = (status, headers, b"")
+                self.handshake_started_event.set()
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Expected ASGI message 'websocket.accept', 'websocket.close', "
+                    f"or 'websocket.http.response.start' but got '{message['type']}'."
+                )
+
+        elif not self.closed_event.is_set() and self.initial_response is None:
+            await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+
+            try:
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.send":
+                    bytes_data = message.get("bytes")
+                    text_data = message.get("text")
+                    data = text_data if bytes_data is None else bytes_data
+                    await self.send(data)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                    code = message.get("code", 1000)
+                    reason = message.get("reason", "") or ""
+                    await self.close(code, reason)
+                    self.closed_event.set()
+
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.send' or 'websocket.close', but got '{message['type']}'."
+                    )
+            except ConnectionClosed as exc:
+                raise ClientDisconnected from exc
+
+        elif self.initial_response is not None:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body":
+                body = self.initial_response[2] + message["body"]
+                self.initial_response = self.initial_response[:2] + (body,)
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    self.closed_event.set()
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.http.response.body' but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}', after sending 'websocket.close' "
+                "or response already completed."
+            )
+
+    async def asgi_receive(self) -> WebSocketDisconnectEvent | WebSocketConnectEvent | WebSocketReceiveEvent:
+        if not self.connect_sent:
+            self.connect_sent = True
+            return {"type": "websocket.connect"}
+
+        await self.handshake_completed_event.wait()
+
+        if self.lost_connection_before_handshake:
+            # If the handshake failed or the app closed before handshake completion,
+            # use 1006 Abnormal Closure.
+            return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006}
+
+        if self.closed_event.is_set():
+            return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1005}
+
+        try:
+            data = await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            self.closed_event.set()
+            if self.ws_server.closing:
+                return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1012}
+            return {"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": self.close_code or 1005, "reason": self.close_reason}
+
+        if isinstance(data, str):
+            return {"type": "websocket.receive", "text": data}
+        return {"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": data}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_sansio_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_sansio_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..036b6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/websockets_sansio_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import random
+import struct
+import sys
+from asyncio import TimerHandle
+from asyncio.transports import BaseTransport, Transport
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from websockets.exceptions import InvalidState
+from websockets.extensions.permessage_deflate import ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory
+from websockets.frames import Frame, Opcode
+from websockets.http11 import Request
+from websockets.server import ServerProtocol
+
+from uvicorn._types import (
+    ASGIReceiveEvent,
+    ASGISendEvent,
+    WebSocketScope,
+)
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import (
+    ClientDisconnected,
+    get_client_addr,
+    get_local_addr,
+    get_path_with_query_string,
+    get_remote_addr,
+    is_ssl,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import assert_never
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import assert_never
+
+
+class WebSocketsSansIOProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = config.loaded_app
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+        self.default_headers = server_state.default_headers
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["wss", "ws"] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # WebSocket state
+        self.queue: asyncio.Queue[ASGIReceiveEvent] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.handshake_initiated = False
+        self.handshake_complete = False
+        self.close_sent = False
+        self.initial_response: tuple[int, list[tuple[str, str]], bytes] | None = None
+
+        extensions = []
+        if self.config.ws_per_message_deflate:
+            extensions = [
+                ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory(
+                    server_max_window_bits=12,
+                    client_max_window_bits=12,
+                    compress_settings={"memLevel": 5},
+                )
+            ]
+        self.conn = ServerProtocol(
+            extensions=extensions,
+            max_size=self.config.ws_max_size,
+            logger=logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error"),
+        )
+
+        self.read_paused = False
+        self.writable = asyncio.Event()
+        self.writable.set()
+
+        # Keepalive state
+        self.ping_interval = config.ws_ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = config.ws_ping_timeout
+        self.ping_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pong_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload: bytes | None = None
+        self.ping_sent_at: float = 0.0
+        self.last_ping_rtt: float = 0.0
+
+        # Buffers
+        self.bytes = bytearray()
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: BaseTransport) -> None:
+        """Called when a connection is made."""
+        transport = cast(Transport, transport)
+        self.connections.add(self)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "wss" if is_ssl(transport) else "ws"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        code = 1005 if self.handshake_complete else 1006
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code})
+        self.connections.remove(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection lost", prefix)
+
+        self.handshake_complete = True
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        if self.handshake_complete:
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1012})
+            self.conn.send_close(1012)
+            output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+        else:
+            self.send_500_response()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.conn.receive_data(data)
+        if self.conn.parser_exc is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.handle_parser_exception()
+            return
+        self.handle_events()
+
+    def handle_events(self) -> None:
+        for event in self.conn.events_received():
+            if isinstance(event, Request):
+                self.handle_connect(event)
+            if isinstance(event, Frame):
+                if event.opcode == Opcode.CONT:
+                    self.handle_cont(event)  # pragma: no cover
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.TEXT:
+                    self.handle_text(event)
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.BINARY:
+                    self.handle_bytes(event)
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.PING:
+                    self.handle_ping()
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.PONG:
+                    self.handle_pong(event)
+                elif event.opcode == Opcode.CLOSE:
+                    self.handle_close(event)
+                else:
+                    assert_never(event.opcode)  # pragma: no cover
+
+    # Event handlers
+
+    def handle_connect(self, event: Request) -> None:
+        self.request = event
+        self.response = self.conn.accept(event)
+        self.handshake_initiated = True
+        if self.response.status_code != 101:
+            self.handshake_complete = True
+            self.close_sent = True
+            self.conn.send_response(self.response)
+            output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+            self.transport.close()
+            return
+
+        headers = [
+            (key.encode("ascii"), value.encode("ascii", errors="surrogateescape"))
+            for key, value in event.headers.raw_items()
+        ]
+        raw_path, _, query_string = event.path.partition("?")
+        self.scope: WebSocketScope = {
+            "type": "websocket",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.4"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "path": self.root_path + unquote(raw_path),
+            "raw_path": self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path.encode("ascii"),
+            "query_string": query_string.encode("ascii"),
+            "headers": headers,
+            "subprotocols": event.headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"),
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+            "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+        }
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.connect"})
+        task = self.loop.create_task(self.run_asgi())
+        task.add_done_callback(self.on_task_complete)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+
+    def handle_cont(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        self.bytes.extend(event.data)
+        if event.fin:
+            self.send_receive_event_to_app()
+
+    def handle_text(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        self.bytes = bytearray(event.data)
+        self.curr_msg_data_type: Literal["text", "bytes"] = "text"
+        if event.fin:
+            self.send_receive_event_to_app()
+
+    def handle_bytes(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        self.bytes = bytearray(event.data)
+        self.curr_msg_data_type = "bytes"
+        if event.fin:
+            self.send_receive_event_to_app()
+
+    def send_receive_event_to_app(self) -> None:
+        if self.curr_msg_data_type == "text":
+            try:
+                self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.receive", "text": self.bytes.decode()})
+            except UnicodeDecodeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.logger.exception("Invalid UTF-8 sequence received from client.")
+                self.conn.send_close(1007)
+                self.handle_parser_exception()
+                return
+        else:
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": bytes(self.bytes)})
+        if not self.read_paused:
+            self.read_paused = True
+            self.transport.pause_reading()
+
+    def handle_ping(self) -> None:
+        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+
+    def handle_pong(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        # Ignore unsolicited pongs and stale pongs whose payload doesn't match the ping currently in flight
+        if self.pending_ping_payload is None or bytes(event.data) != self.pending_ping_payload:
+            return  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self.last_ping_rtt = self.loop.time() - self.ping_sent_at
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        # The peer answered in time; cancel the pong deadline and chain the next ping. This `schedule_ping()` call is
+        # what keeps the keepalive loop running when ping_timeout is set. When ping_timeout is None the next ping is
+        # already scheduled by `send_keepalive_ping`, so we must not schedule a duplicate here.
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_interval is not None and self.ping_interval > 0:
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def stop_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_timer is not None:
+            self.ping_timer.cancel()
+            self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+
+    def schedule_ping(self) -> None:
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        delay = max(0.0, self.ping_interval - self.last_ping_rtt)
+        self.ping_timer = self.loop.call_later(delay, self.send_keepalive_ping)
+
+    def send_keepalive_ping(self) -> None:
+        self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        # Random 4-byte payload identifies this ping; `handle_pong` uses it to ignore stale or unsolicited pongs.
+        # See https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/blob/4d229bf9f583d593aa103287aee0a77c9fbc3a79/src/websockets/asyncio/connection.py#L624
+        self.pending_ping_payload = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+        self.ping_sent_at = self.loop.time()
+        self.conn.send_ping(self.pending_ping_payload)
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(self.conn.data_to_send()))
+        if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+            self.pong_timer = self.loop.call_later(self.ping_timeout, self.keepalive_timeout)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def keepalive_timeout(self) -> None:
+        self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket keepalive ping timeout", prefix)
+        self.conn.fail(1011, "keepalive ping timeout")
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(self.conn.data_to_send()))
+        self.close_sent = True
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def handle_close(self, event: Frame) -> None:
+        if not self.close_sent and not self.transport.is_closing():
+            assert self.conn.close_rcvd is not None
+            code = self.conn.close_rcvd.code
+            reason = self.conn.close_rcvd.reason
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+
+            output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+            self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def handle_parser_exception(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        assert self.conn.close_sent is not None
+        code = self.conn.close_sent.code
+        reason = self.conn.close_sent.reason
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+
+        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+        self.close_sent = True
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_task_complete(self, task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+        self.tasks.discard(task)
+
+    async def run_asgi(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await self.app(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
+        except ClientDisconnected:
+            pass  # pragma: full coverage
+        except BaseException:
+            self.logger.exception("Exception in ASGI application\n")
+            self.send_500_response()
+        else:
+            if not self.handshake_complete:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable returned without completing handshake.")
+                self.send_500_response()
+            elif result is not None:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'.", result)
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        if self.initial_response or self.handshake_complete:
+            return
+        response = self.conn.reject(500, "Internal Server Error")
+        self.conn.send_response(response)
+        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        await self.writable.wait()
+
+        if not self.handshake_complete and self.initial_response is None:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.accept":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" [accepted]',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                headers = [
+                    (name.decode("latin-1").lower(), value.decode("latin-1"))
+                    for name, value in (self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", [])))
+                ]
+                accepted_subprotocol = message.get("subprotocol")
+                if accepted_subprotocol:
+                    headers.append(("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", accepted_subprotocol))
+                self.response.headers.update(headers)
+
+                if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                    self.handshake_complete = True
+                    self.conn.send_response(self.response)
+                    output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                    self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                    self.start_keepalive()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" 403',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                response = self.conn.reject(HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN, "")
+                self.conn.send_response(response)
+                output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                self.close_sent = True
+                self.handshake_complete = True
+                self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                self.transport.close()
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start" and self.initial_response is None:
+                if not (100 <= message["status"] < 600):
+                    raise RuntimeError("Invalid HTTP status code '%d' in response." % message["status"])
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    message["status"],
+                )
+                headers = [
+                    (name.decode("latin-1"), value.decode("latin-1"))
+                    for name, value in list(message.get("headers", []))
+                ]
+                self.initial_response = (message["status"], headers, b"")
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Expected ASGI message 'websocket.accept', 'websocket.close' "
+                    f"or 'websocket.http.response.start' but got '{message['type']}'."
+                )
+
+        elif not self.close_sent and self.initial_response is None:
+            try:
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.send":
+                    bytes_data = message.get("bytes")
+                    text_data = message.get("text")
+                    if bytes_data is not None:
+                        self.conn.send_binary(bytes_data)
+                    elif text_data is not None:
+                        self.conn.send_text(text_data.encode())
+                    output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                    self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                    if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                        code = message.get("code", 1000)
+                        reason = message.get("reason", "") or ""
+                        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+                        self.conn.send_close(code, reason)
+                        output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                        self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                        self.close_sent = True
+                        self.transport.close()
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.send' or 'websocket.close', but got '{message['type']}'."
+                    )
+            except InvalidState:
+                raise ClientDisconnected()
+        elif self.initial_response is not None:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body":
+                body = self.initial_response[2] + message["body"]
+                self.initial_response = self.initial_response[:2] + (body,)
+                if not message.get("more_body", False):
+                    response = self.conn.reject(self.initial_response[0], body.decode())
+                    response.headers.update(self.initial_response[1])
+                    self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                    self.conn.send_response(response)
+                    output = self.conn.data_to_send()
+                    self.close_sent = True
+                    self.transport.write(b"".join(output))
+                    self.transport.close()
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.http.response.body' but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}', after sending 'websocket.close'.")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> ASGIReceiveEvent:
+        message = await self.queue.get()
+        if self.read_paused and self.queue.empty():
+            self.read_paused = False
+            self.transport.resume_reading()
+        return message
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/wsproto_impl.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/wsproto_impl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adca63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/protocols/websockets/wsproto_impl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import random
+import struct
+from asyncio import TimerHandle
+from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+import wsproto
+from wsproto import ConnectionType, events
+from wsproto.connection import ConnectionState
+from wsproto.extensions import Extension, PerMessageDeflate
+from wsproto.utilities import LocalProtocolError, RemoteProtocolError
+
+from uvicorn._types import ASGI3Application, ASGISendEvent, WebSocketEvent, WebSocketReceiveEvent, WebSocketScope
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.logging import TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
+from uvicorn.protocols.utils import (
+    ClientDisconnected,
+    get_client_addr,
+    get_local_addr,
+    get_path_with_query_string,
+    get_remote_addr,
+    is_ssl,
+)
+from uvicorn.server import ServerState
+
+
+class FrameTooLargeError(Exception):
+    """Raised when accumulated websocket message bytes exceed `ws_max_size`."""
+
+
+class WebsocketBuffer:
+    def __init__(self, max_length: int) -> None:
+        self.value: BytesIO | StringIO | None = None
+        self.length = 0
+        self.max_length = max_length
+
+    def extend(self, event: events.TextMessage | events.BytesMessage) -> None:
+        if self.value is None:
+            self.value = StringIO() if isinstance(event, events.TextMessage) else BytesIO()
+        self.value.write(event.data)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        # `ws_max_size` is a byte budget, so count UTF-8 bytes for text.
+        self.length += len(event.data.encode()) if isinstance(event, events.TextMessage) else len(event.data)
+        if self.length > self.max_length:
+            raise FrameTooLargeError
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self.value = None
+        self.length = 0
+
+    def to_message(self) -> WebSocketReceiveEvent:
+        if isinstance(self.value, StringIO):
+            return {"type": "websocket.receive", "text": self.value.getvalue()}
+        assert isinstance(self.value, BytesIO)
+        return {"type": "websocket.receive", "bytes": self.value.getvalue()}
+
+
+class WSProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        server_state: ServerState,
+        app_state: dict[str, Any],
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        self.config = config
+        self.app = cast(ASGI3Application, config.loaded_app)
+        self.loop = _loop or asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        self.root_path = config.root_path
+        self.app_state = app_state
+
+        # Shared server state
+        self.connections = server_state.connections
+        self.tasks = server_state.tasks
+        self.default_headers = server_state.default_headers
+
+        # Connection state
+        self.transport: asyncio.Transport = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.server: tuple[str, int | None] | None = None
+        self.client: tuple[str, int] | None = None
+        self.scheme: Literal["wss", "ws"] = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # WebSocket state
+        self.queue: asyncio.Queue[WebSocketEvent] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.handshake_complete = False
+        self.close_sent = False
+
+        # Rejection state
+        self.response_started = False
+
+        self.conn = wsproto.WSConnection(connection_type=ConnectionType.SERVER)
+
+        self.read_paused = False
+        self.writable = asyncio.Event()
+        self.writable.set()
+
+        # Keepalive state
+        self.ping_interval = config.ws_ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = config.ws_ping_timeout
+        self.ping_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pong_timer: TimerHandle | None = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload: bytes | None = None
+        self.ping_sent_at: float = 0.0
+        self.last_ping_rtt: float = 0.0
+
+        # Buffer
+        self.buffer = WebsocketBuffer(self.config.ws_max_size)
+
+    # Protocol interface
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.Transport) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+        self.connections.add(self)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.server = get_local_addr(transport)
+        self.client = get_remote_addr(transport)
+        self.scheme = "wss" if is_ssl(transport) else "ws"
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection made", prefix)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        code = 1005 if self.handshake_complete else 1006
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code})
+        self.connections.remove(self)
+
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket connection lost", prefix)
+
+        self.handshake_complete = True
+        if exc is None:
+            self.transport.close()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.conn.receive_data(data)
+        except RemoteProtocolError as err:
+            # TODO: Remove `type: ignore` when wsproto fixes the type annotation.
+            self.transport.write(self.conn.send(err.event_hint))  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # noqa: E501
+            self.transport.close()
+        else:
+            self.handle_events()
+
+    def handle_events(self) -> None:
+        for event in self.conn.events():
+            if self.close_sent:
+                return
+            if isinstance(event, events.Request):
+                self.handle_connect(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, (events.TextMessage, events.BytesMessage)):
+                self.handle_message(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, events.CloseConnection):
+                self.handle_close(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, events.Ping):
+                self.handle_ping(event)
+            elif isinstance(event, events.Pong):
+                self.handle_pong(event)
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer exceeds the high water mark.
+        """
+        self.writable.clear()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Called by the transport when the write buffer drops below the low water mark.
+        """
+        self.writable.set()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.stop_keepalive()
+        if self.handshake_complete:
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1012})
+            output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=1012))
+            self.transport.write(output)
+        else:
+            self.send_500_response()
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def on_task_complete(self, task: asyncio.Task[None]) -> None:
+        self.tasks.discard(task)
+
+    # Event handlers
+
+    def handle_connect(self, event: events.Request) -> None:
+        headers = [(b"host", event.host.encode())]
+        headers += [(key.lower(), value) for key, value in event.extra_headers]
+        raw_path, _, query_string = event.target.partition("?")
+        path = unquote(raw_path)
+        full_path = self.root_path + path
+        full_raw_path = self.root_path.encode("ascii") + raw_path.encode("ascii")
+        self.scope: WebSocketScope = {
+            "type": "websocket",
+            "asgi": {"version": self.config.asgi_version, "spec_version": "2.4"},
+            "http_version": "1.1",
+            "scheme": self.scheme,
+            "server": self.server,
+            "client": self.client,
+            "root_path": self.root_path,
+            "path": full_path,
+            "raw_path": full_raw_path,
+            "query_string": query_string.encode("ascii"),
+            "headers": headers,
+            "subprotocols": event.subprotocols,
+            "state": self.app_state.copy(),
+            "extensions": {"websocket.http.response": {}},
+        }
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.connect"})
+        task = self.loop.create_task(self.run_asgi())
+        task.add_done_callback(self.on_task_complete)
+        self.tasks.add(task)
+
+    def handle_message(self, event: events.TextMessage | events.BytesMessage) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.buffer.extend(event)
+        except FrameTooLargeError:
+            self.close_sent = True
+            reason = f"Message exceeds the maximum size ({self.config.ws_max_size} bytes)"
+            self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1009, "reason": reason})
+            if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                self.transport.write(self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=1009, reason=reason)))
+                self.transport.close()
+            return
+        if event.message_finished:
+            self.queue.put_nowait(self.buffer.to_message())
+            self.buffer.clear()
+            if not self.read_paused:
+                self.read_paused = True
+                self.transport.pause_reading()
+
+    def handle_close(self, event: events.CloseConnection) -> None:
+        if self.conn.state == ConnectionState.REMOTE_CLOSING:
+            self.transport.write(self.conn.send(event.response()))
+        self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": event.code, "reason": event.reason})
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def handle_ping(self, event: events.Ping) -> None:
+        self.transport.write(self.conn.send(event.response()))
+
+    def handle_pong(self, event: events.Pong) -> None:
+        # Ignore unsolicited pongs and stale pongs whose payload doesn't match the ping currently in flight.
+        if self.pending_ping_payload is None or bytes(event.payload) != self.pending_ping_payload:
+            return  # pragma: no cover
+
+        self.last_ping_rtt = self.loop.time() - self.ping_sent_at
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        # The peer answered in time; cancel the pong deadline and chain the next ping. This `schedule_ping()` call is
+        # what keeps the keepalive loop running when ping_timeout is set. When ping_timeout is None the next ping is
+        # already scheduled by `send_keepalive_ping`, so we must not schedule a duplicate here.
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_interval is not None and self.ping_interval > 0:
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def stop_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        if self.ping_timer is not None:
+            self.ping_timer.cancel()
+            self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.pong_timer is not None:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.pong_timer.cancel()
+            self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+
+    def schedule_ping(self) -> None:
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        delay = max(0.0, self.ping_interval - self.last_ping_rtt)
+        self.ping_timer = self.loop.call_later(delay, self.send_keepalive_ping)
+
+    def send_keepalive_ping(self) -> None:
+        self.ping_timer = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        # Random 4-byte payload identifies this ping; `handle_pong` uses it to ignore stale or unsolicited pongs.
+        self.pending_ping_payload = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+        self.ping_sent_at = self.loop.time()
+        self.transport.write(self.conn.send(wsproto.events.Ping(payload=self.pending_ping_payload)))
+        if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+            self.pong_timer = self.loop.call_later(self.ping_timeout, self.keepalive_timeout)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.schedule_ping()
+
+    def keepalive_timeout(self) -> None:
+        self.pong_timer = None
+        self.pending_ping_payload = None
+        if self.close_sent or self.transport.is_closing():  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        if self.logger.level <= TRACE_LOG_LEVEL:
+            prefix = "%s:%d - " % self.client if self.client else ""
+            self.logger.log(TRACE_LOG_LEVEL, "%sWebSocket keepalive ping timeout", prefix)
+        reason = "keepalive ping timeout"
+        self.transport.write(self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=1011, reason=reason)))
+        self.close_sent = True
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    def send_500_response(self) -> None:
+        if self.response_started or self.handshake_complete:
+            return  # we cannot send responses anymore
+        headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = [
+            (b"content-type", b"text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+            (b"connection", b"close"),
+            (b"content-length", b"21"),
+        ]
+        output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.RejectConnection(status_code=500, headers=headers, has_body=True))
+        output += self.conn.send(wsproto.events.RejectData(data=b"Internal Server Error"))
+        self.transport.write(output)
+
+    async def run_asgi(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            result = await self.app(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)  # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
+        except ClientDisconnected:
+            pass  # pragma: full coverage
+        except BaseException:
+            self.logger.exception("Exception in ASGI application\n")
+            self.send_500_response()
+        else:
+            if not self.handshake_complete:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable returned without completing handshake.")
+                self.send_500_response()
+            elif result is not None:
+                self.logger.error("ASGI callable should return None, but returned '%s'.", result)
+        self.transport.close()
+
+    async def send(self, message: ASGISendEvent) -> None:
+        await self.writable.wait()
+
+        if not self.handshake_complete:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.accept":
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" [accepted]',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                subprotocol = message.get("subprotocol")
+                extra_headers = self.default_headers + list(message.get("headers", []))
+                extensions: list[Extension] = []
+                if self.config.ws_per_message_deflate:
+                    extensions.append(PerMessageDeflate())
+                if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                    self.handshake_complete = True
+                    output = self.conn.send(
+                        wsproto.events.AcceptConnection(
+                            subprotocol=subprotocol,
+                            extensions=extensions,
+                            extra_headers=extra_headers,
+                        )
+                    )
+                    self.transport.write(output)
+                    self.start_keepalive()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" 403',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                )
+                self.handshake_complete = True
+                self.close_sent = True
+                event = events.RejectConnection(status_code=403, headers=[])
+                output = self.conn.send(event)
+                self.transport.write(output)
+                self.transport.close()
+
+            elif message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.start":
+                # ensure status code is in the valid range
+                if not (100 <= message["status"] < 600):
+                    msg = "Invalid HTTP status code '%d' in response."
+                    raise RuntimeError(msg % message["status"])
+                self.logger.info(
+                    '%s - "WebSocket %s" %d',
+                    get_client_addr(self.scope),
+                    get_path_with_query_string(self.scope),
+                    message["status"],
+                )
+                self.handshake_complete = True
+                event = events.RejectConnection(
+                    status_code=message["status"],
+                    headers=list(message["headers"]),
+                    has_body=True,
+                )
+                output = self.conn.send(event)
+                self.transport.write(output)
+                self.response_started = True
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Expected ASGI message 'websocket.accept', 'websocket.close' "
+                    f"or 'websocket.http.response.start' but got '{message['type']}'."
+                )
+
+        elif not self.close_sent and not self.response_started:
+            try:
+                if message["type"] == "websocket.send":
+                    bytes_data = message.get("bytes")
+                    text_data = message.get("text")
+                    data = text_data if bytes_data is None else bytes_data
+                    output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.Message(data=data))  # type: ignore
+                    if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                        self.transport.write(output)
+
+                elif message["type"] == "websocket.close":
+                    self.close_sent = True
+                    code = message.get("code", 1000)
+                    reason = message.get("reason", "") or ""
+                    self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": code, "reason": reason})
+                    output = self.conn.send(wsproto.events.CloseConnection(code=code, reason=reason))
+                    if not self.transport.is_closing():
+                        self.transport.write(output)
+                        self.transport.close()
+
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.send' or 'websocket.close', but got '{message['type']}'."
+                    )
+            except LocalProtocolError as exc:
+                raise ClientDisconnected from exc
+        elif self.response_started:
+            if message["type"] == "websocket.http.response.body":
+                body_finished = not message.get("more_body", False)
+                reject_data = events.RejectData(data=message["body"], body_finished=body_finished)
+                output = self.conn.send(reject_data)
+                self.transport.write(output)
+
+                if body_finished:
+                    self.queue.put_nowait({"type": "websocket.disconnect", "code": 1006})
+                    self.close_sent = True
+                    self.transport.close()
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Expected ASGI message 'websocket.http.response.body' but got '{message['type']}'.")
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected ASGI message '{message['type']}', after sending 'websocket.close'.")
+
+    async def receive(self) -> WebSocketEvent:
+        message = await self.queue.get()
+        if self.read_paused and self.queue.empty():
+            self.read_paused = False
+            self.transport.resume_reading()
+        return message
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/server.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938a6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import random
+import signal
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from email.utils import formatdate
+from types import FrameType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeAlias
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._compat import asyncio_run
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.h11_impl import H11Protocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.http.httptools_impl import HttpToolsProtocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_impl import WebSocketProtocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.websockets_sansio_impl import WebSocketsSansIOProtocol
+    from uvicorn.protocols.websockets.wsproto_impl import WSProtocol
+
+    Protocols: TypeAlias = H11Protocol | HttpToolsProtocol | WSProtocol | WebSocketProtocol | WebSocketsSansIOProtocol
+
+HANDLED_SIGNALS = (
+    signal.SIGINT,  # Unix signal 2. Sent by Ctrl+C.
+    signal.SIGTERM,  # Unix signal 15. Sent by `kill <pid>`.
+)
+if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+    HANDLED_SIGNALS += (signal.SIGBREAK,)  # Windows signal 21. Sent by Ctrl+Break.
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class ServerState:
+    """
+    Shared servers state that is available between all protocol instances.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.total_requests = 0
+        self.connections: set[Protocols] = set()
+        self.tasks: set[asyncio.Task[None]] = set()
+        self.default_headers: list[tuple[bytes, bytes]] = []
+
+
+class Server:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        self.config = config
+        self.server_state = ServerState()
+
+        self.started = False
+        self.should_exit = False
+        self.force_exit = False
+        self.last_notified = 0.0
+
+        self._captured_signals: list[int] = []
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def limit_max_requests(self) -> int | None:
+        if self.config.limit_max_requests is None:
+            return None
+        return self.config.limit_max_requests + random.randint(0, self.config.limit_max_requests_jitter)
+
+    def run(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        return asyncio_run(self.serve(sockets=sockets), loop_factory=self.config.get_loop_factory())
+
+    async def serve(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        with self.capture_signals():
+            await self._serve(sockets)
+
+    async def _serve(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        process_id = os.getpid()
+
+        config = self.config
+        if not config.loaded:
+            config.load()
+
+        self.lifespan = config.lifespan_class(config)
+
+        message = "Started server process [%d]"
+        color_message = "Started server process [" + click.style("%d", fg="cyan") + "]"
+        logger.info(message, process_id, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+        await self.startup(sockets=sockets)
+        if not self.should_exit:
+            await self.main_loop()
+        if self.started:
+            await self.shutdown(sockets=sockets)
+
+            message = "Finished server process [%d]"
+            color_message = "Finished server process [" + click.style("%d", fg="cyan") + "]"
+            logger.info(message, process_id, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+    async def startup(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.lifespan.startup()
+        if self.lifespan.should_exit:
+            self.should_exit = True
+            return
+
+        config = self.config
+
+        def create_protocol(
+            _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        ) -> asyncio.Protocol:
+            return config.http_protocol_class(  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+                config=config,
+                server_state=self.server_state,
+                app_state=self.lifespan.state,
+                _loop=_loop,
+            )
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        listeners: Sequence[socket.SocketType]
+        if sockets is not None:  # pragma: full coverage
+            # Explicitly passed a list of open sockets.
+            # We use this when the server is run from a Gunicorn worker.
+
+            def _share_socket(
+                sock: socket.SocketType,
+            ) -> socket.SocketType:  # pragma py-not-win32
+                # Windows requires the socket be explicitly shared across
+                # multiple workers (processes).
+                from socket import fromshare  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+                sock_data = sock.share(os.getpid())  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                return fromshare(sock_data)
+
+            self.servers: list[asyncio.base_events.Server] = []
+            for sock in sockets:
+                is_windows = platform.system() == "Windows"
+                if config.workers > 1 and is_windows:  # pragma: py-not-win32
+                    sock = _share_socket(sock)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                server = await loop.create_server(create_protocol, sock=sock, ssl=config.ssl, backlog=config.backlog)
+                self.servers.append(server)
+            listeners = sockets
+
+        elif config.fd is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            # Use an existing socket, from a file descriptor.
+            sock = socket.fromfd(config.fd, socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            server = await loop.create_server(create_protocol, sock=sock, ssl=config.ssl, backlog=config.backlog)
+            assert server.sockets is not None  # mypy
+            listeners = server.sockets
+            self.servers = [server]
+
+        elif config.uds is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            # Create a socket using UNIX domain socket.
+            uds_perms = 0o666
+            if os.path.exists(config.uds):
+                uds_perms = os.stat(config.uds).st_mode  # pragma: full coverage
+            server = await loop.create_unix_server(
+                create_protocol, path=config.uds, ssl=config.ssl, backlog=config.backlog
+            )
+            os.chmod(config.uds, uds_perms)
+            assert server.sockets is not None  # mypy
+            listeners = server.sockets
+            self.servers = [server]
+
+        else:
+            # Standard case. Create a socket from a host/port pair.
+            try:
+                server = await loop.create_server(
+                    create_protocol,
+                    host=config.host,
+                    port=config.port,
+                    ssl=config.ssl,
+                    backlog=config.backlog,
+                )
+            except OSError as exc:
+                logger.error(exc)
+                await self.lifespan.shutdown()
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+            assert server.sockets is not None
+            listeners = server.sockets
+            self.servers = [server]
+
+        if sockets is None:
+            self._log_started_message(listeners)
+        else:
+            # We're most likely running multiple workers, so a message has already been
+            # logged by `config.bind_socket()`.
+            pass  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        self.started = True
+
+    def _log_started_message(self, listeners: Sequence[socket.SocketType]) -> None:
+        config = self.config
+
+        if config.fd is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            sock = listeners[0]
+            logger.info(
+                "Uvicorn running on socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)",
+                sock.getsockname(),
+            )
+
+        elif config.uds is not None:  # pragma: py-win32
+            logger.info("Uvicorn running on unix socket %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)", config.uds)
+
+        else:
+            addr_format = "%s://%s:%d"
+            host = "0.0.0.0" if config.host is None else config.host
+            if ":" in host:
+                # It's an IPv6 address.
+                addr_format = "%s://[%s]:%d"
+
+            port = config.port
+            if port == 0:
+                port = listeners[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+            protocol_name = "https" if config.ssl else "http"
+            message = f"Uvicorn running on {addr_format} (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            color_message = "Uvicorn running on " + click.style(addr_format, bold=True) + " (Press CTRL+C to quit)"
+            logger.info(
+                message,
+                protocol_name,
+                host,
+                port,
+                extra={"color_message": color_message},
+            )
+
+    async def main_loop(self) -> None:
+        counter = 0
+        should_exit = await self.on_tick(counter)
+        while not should_exit:
+            counter += 1
+            counter = counter % 864000
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            should_exit = await self.on_tick(counter)
+
+    async def on_tick(self, counter: int) -> bool:
+        # Update the default headers, once per second.
+        if counter % 10 == 0:
+            current_time = time.time()
+            current_date = formatdate(current_time, usegmt=True).encode()
+
+            if self.config.date_header:
+                date_header = [(b"date", current_date)]
+            else:
+                date_header = []
+
+            self.server_state.default_headers = date_header + self.config.encoded_headers
+
+            # Callback to `callback_notify` once every `timeout_notify` seconds.
+            if self.config.callback_notify is not None:
+                if current_time - self.last_notified > self.config.timeout_notify:  # pragma: full coverage
+                    self.last_notified = current_time
+                    await self.config.callback_notify()
+
+        # Determine if we should exit.
+        if self.should_exit:
+            return True
+
+        max_requests = self.limit_max_requests
+        if max_requests is not None and self.server_state.total_requests >= max_requests:
+            logger.info("Maximum request limit of %d exceeded. Terminating process.", max_requests)
+            return True
+
+        return False
+
+    async def shutdown(self, sockets: list[socket.socket] | None = None) -> None:
+        logger.info("Shutting down")
+
+        # Stop accepting new connections.
+        for server in self.servers:
+            server.close()
+        for sock in sockets or []:
+            sock.close()  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        # Request shutdown on all existing connections.
+        for connection in list(self.server_state.connections):
+            connection.shutdown()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # When 3.10 is not supported anymore, use `async with asyncio.timeout(...):`.
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(
+                self._wait_tasks_to_complete(),
+                timeout=self.config.timeout_graceful_shutdown,
+            )
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            logger.error(
+                "Cancel %s running task(s), timeout graceful shutdown exceeded",
+                len(self.server_state.tasks),
+            )
+            for t in self.server_state.tasks:
+                t.cancel(msg="Task cancelled, timeout graceful shutdown exceeded")
+
+        # Send the lifespan shutdown event, and wait for application shutdown.
+        if not self.force_exit:
+            await self.lifespan.shutdown()
+
+    async def _wait_tasks_to_complete(self) -> None:
+        # Wait for existing connections to finish sending responses.
+        if self.server_state.connections and not self.force_exit:
+            msg = "Waiting for connections to close. (CTRL+C to force quit)"
+            logger.info(msg)
+            while self.server_state.connections and not self.force_exit:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # Wait for existing tasks to complete.
+        if self.server_state.tasks and not self.force_exit:
+            msg = "Waiting for background tasks to complete. (CTRL+C to force quit)"
+            logger.info(msg)
+            while self.server_state.tasks and not self.force_exit:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+        for server in self.servers:
+            await server.wait_closed()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def capture_signals(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        # Signals can only be listened to from the main thread.
+        if threading.current_thread() is not threading.main_thread():
+            yield
+            return
+        # always use signal.signal, even if loop.add_signal_handler is available
+        # this allows to restore previous signal handlers later on
+        original_handlers = {sig: signal.signal(sig, self.handle_exit) for sig in HANDLED_SIGNALS}
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            for sig, handler in original_handlers.items():
+                signal.signal(sig, handler)
+        # If we did gracefully shut down due to a signal, try to
+        # trigger the expected behaviour now; multiple signals would be
+        # done LIFO, see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48434964
+        for captured_signal in reversed(self._captured_signals):
+            signal.raise_signal(captured_signal)
+
+    def handle_exit(self, sig: int, frame: FrameType | None) -> None:
+        self._captured_signals.append(sig)
+        if self.should_exit and sig == signal.SIGINT:
+            self.force_exit = True  # pragma: full coverage
+        else:
+            self.should_exit = True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfceb6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from uvicorn.supervisors.basereload import BaseReload
+from uvicorn.supervisors.multiprocess import Multiprocess
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    ChangeReload: type[BaseReload]
+else:
+    try:
+        from uvicorn.supervisors.watchfilesreload import WatchFilesReload as ChangeReload
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        from uvicorn.supervisors.statreload import StatReload as ChangeReload
+
+__all__ = ["Multiprocess", "ChangeReload"]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/basereload.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/basereload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66e34f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/basereload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from pathlib import Path
+from socket import socket
+from types import FrameType
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._subprocess import get_subprocess
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+HANDLED_SIGNALS = (
+    signal.SIGINT,  # Unix signal 2. Sent by Ctrl+C.
+    signal.SIGTERM,  # Unix signal 15. Sent by `kill <pid>`.
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class BaseReload:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.config = config
+        self.target = target
+        self.sockets = sockets
+        self.should_exit = threading.Event()
+        self.pid = os.getpid()
+        self.is_restarting = False
+        self.reloader_name: str | None = None
+
+    def signal_handler(self, sig: int, frame: FrameType | None) -> None:  # pragma: full coverage
+        """
+        A signal handler that is registered with the parent process.
+        """
+        if sys.platform == "win32" and self.is_restarting:
+            self.is_restarting = False
+        else:
+            self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        self.startup()
+        for changes in self:
+            if changes:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "%s detected changes in %s. Reloading...",
+                    self.reloader_name,
+                    ", ".join(map(_display_path, changes)),
+                )
+                self.restart()
+
+        self.shutdown()
+
+    def pause(self) -> None:
+        if self.should_exit.wait(self.config.reload_delay):
+            raise StopIteration()
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[list[Path] | None]:
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        return self.should_restart()
+
+    def startup(self) -> None:
+        message = f"Started reloader process [{self.pid}] using {self.reloader_name}"
+        color_message = "Started reloader process [{}] using {}".format(
+            click.style(str(self.pid), fg="cyan", bold=True),
+            click.style(str(self.reloader_name), fg="cyan", bold=True),
+        )
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+        for sig in HANDLED_SIGNALS:
+            signal.signal(sig, self.signal_handler)
+
+        self.process = get_subprocess(config=self.config, target=self.target, sockets=self.sockets)
+        self.process.start()
+
+    def restart(self) -> None:
+        if sys.platform == "win32":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+            self.is_restarting = True
+            assert self.process.pid is not None
+            os.kill(self.process.pid, signal.CTRL_C_EVENT)
+
+            # This is a workaround to ensure the Ctrl+C event is processed
+            sys.stdout.write(" ")  # This has to be a non-empty string
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+        else:  # pragma: py-win32
+            self.process.terminate()
+        self.process.join()
+
+        self.process = get_subprocess(config=self.config, target=self.target, sockets=self.sockets)
+        self.process.start()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            self.should_exit.set()  # pragma: py-not-win32
+        else:
+            self.process.terminate()  # pragma: py-win32
+        self.process.join()
+
+        for sock in self.sockets:
+            sock.close()
+
+        message = f"Stopping reloader process [{str(self.pid)}]"
+        color_message = "Stopping reloader process [{}]".format(click.style(str(self.pid), fg="cyan", bold=True))
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+    def should_restart(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Reload strategies should override should_restart()")
+
+
+def _display_path(path: Path) -> str:
+    try:
+        return f"'{path.relative_to(Path.cwd())}'"
+    except ValueError:
+        return f"'{path}'"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/multiprocess.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/multiprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad98af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/multiprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+import signal
+import threading
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from multiprocessing import Pipe
+from socket import socket
+from typing import Any
+
+import click
+
+from uvicorn._subprocess import get_subprocess
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+
+SIGNALS = {
+    getattr(signal, f"SIG{x}"): x
+    for x in "INT TERM BREAK HUP QUIT TTIN TTOU USR1 USR2 WINCH".split()
+    if hasattr(signal, f"SIG{x}")
+}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class Process:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.real_target = target
+
+        self.parent_conn, self.child_conn = Pipe()
+        self.process = get_subprocess(config, self.target, sockets)
+
+    def ping(self, timeout: float = 5) -> bool:
+        self.parent_conn.send(b"ping")
+        if self.parent_conn.poll(timeout):
+            self.parent_conn.recv()
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def pong(self) -> None:
+        self.child_conn.recv()
+        self.child_conn.send(b"pong")
+
+    def always_pong(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            self.pong()
+
+    def target(self, sockets: list[socket] | None = None) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover
+        if os.name == "nt":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+            # Windows doesn't support SIGTERM, so we use SIGBREAK instead.
+            # And then we raise SIGTERM when SIGBREAK is received.
+            # https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/signal?view=msvc-170
+            signal.signal(
+                signal.SIGBREAK,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                lambda sig, frame: signal.raise_signal(signal.SIGTERM),
+            )
+
+        threading.Thread(target=self.always_pong, daemon=True).start()
+        return self.real_target(sockets)
+
+    def is_alive(self, timeout: float = 5) -> bool:
+        if not self.process.is_alive():
+            return False  # pragma: full coverage
+
+        return self.ping(timeout)
+
+    def start(self) -> None:
+        self.process.start()
+
+    def terminate(self) -> None:
+        if self.process.exitcode is None:  # Process is still running
+            assert self.process.pid is not None
+            if os.name == "nt":  # pragma: py-not-win32
+                # Windows doesn't support SIGTERM.
+                # So send SIGBREAK, and then in process raise SIGTERM.
+                os.kill(self.process.pid, signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            else:
+                os.kill(self.process.pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+            logger.info(f"Terminated child process [{self.process.pid}]")
+
+            self.parent_conn.close()
+            self.child_conn.close()
+
+    def kill(self) -> None:
+        # In Windows, the method will call `TerminateProcess` to kill the process.
+        # In Unix, the method will send SIGKILL to the process.
+        self.process.kill()
+
+    def join(self) -> None:
+        logger.info(f"Waiting for child process [{self.process.pid}]")
+        self.process.join()
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int | None:
+        return self.process.pid
+
+
+class Multiprocess:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.config = config
+        self.target = target
+        self.sockets = sockets
+
+        self.processes_num = config.workers
+        self.processes: list[Process] = []
+
+        self.should_exit = threading.Event()
+
+        self.signal_queue: list[int] = []
+        for sig in SIGNALS:
+            signal.signal(sig, lambda sig, frame: self.signal_queue.append(sig))
+
+    def init_processes(self) -> None:
+        for _ in range(self.processes_num):
+            process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+            process.start()
+            self.processes.append(process)
+
+    def terminate_all(self) -> None:
+        for process in self.processes:
+            process.terminate()
+
+    def join_all(self) -> None:
+        for process in self.processes:
+            process.join()
+
+    def restart_all(self) -> None:
+        for idx, process in enumerate(self.processes):
+            process.terminate()
+            process.join()
+            new_process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+            new_process.start()
+            self.processes[idx] = new_process
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        message = f"Started parent process [{os.getpid()}]"
+        color_message = "Started parent process [{}]".format(click.style(str(os.getpid()), fg="cyan", bold=True))
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+        self.init_processes()
+
+        while not self.should_exit.wait(0.5):
+            self.handle_signals()
+            self.keep_subprocess_alive()
+
+        self.terminate_all()
+        self.join_all()
+
+        message = f"Stopping parent process [{os.getpid()}]"
+        color_message = "Stopping parent process [{}]".format(click.style(str(os.getpid()), fg="cyan", bold=True))
+        logger.info(message, extra={"color_message": color_message})
+
+    def keep_subprocess_alive(self) -> None:
+        if self.should_exit.is_set():
+            return  # parent process is exiting, no need to keep subprocess alive
+
+        for idx, process in enumerate(self.processes):
+            if process.is_alive(timeout=self.config.timeout_worker_healthcheck):
+                continue
+
+            process.kill()  # process is hung, kill it
+            process.join()
+
+            if self.should_exit.is_set():
+                return  # pragma: full coverage
+
+            logger.info(f"Child process [{process.pid}] died")
+            process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+            process.start()
+            self.processes[idx] = process
+
+    def handle_signals(self) -> None:
+        for sig in tuple(self.signal_queue):
+            self.signal_queue.remove(sig)
+            sig_name = SIGNALS[sig]
+            sig_handler = getattr(self, f"handle_{sig_name.lower()}", None)
+            if sig_handler is not None:
+                sig_handler()
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                logger.debug(f"Received signal {sig_name}, but no handler is defined for it.")
+
+    def handle_int(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Received SIGINT, exiting.")
+        self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def handle_term(self) -> None:
+        logger.info("Received SIGTERM, exiting.")
+        self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def handle_break(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-not-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGBREAK, exiting.")
+        self.should_exit.set()
+
+    def handle_hup(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGHUP, restarting processes.")
+        self.restart_all()
+
+    def handle_ttin(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGTTIN, increasing the number of processes.")
+        self.processes_num += 1
+        process = Process(self.config, self.target, self.sockets)
+        process.start()
+        self.processes.append(process)
+
+    def handle_ttou(self) -> None:  # pragma: py-win32
+        logger.info("Received SIGTTOU, decreasing number of processes.")
+        if self.processes_num <= 1:
+            logger.info("Already reached one process, cannot decrease the number of processes anymore.")
+            return
+        self.processes_num -= 1
+        process = self.processes.pop()
+        process.terminate()
+        process.join()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/statreload.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/statreload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28693f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/statreload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+from pathlib import Path
+from socket import socket
+
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.supervisors.basereload import BaseReload
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+
+
+class StatReload(BaseReload):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(config, target, sockets)
+        self.reloader_name = "StatReload"
+        self.mtimes: dict[Path, float] = {}
+
+        if config.reload_excludes or config.reload_includes:
+            logger.warning("--reload-include and --reload-exclude have no effect unless watchfiles is installed.")
+
+    def should_restart(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        self.pause()
+
+        for file in self.iter_py_files():
+            try:
+                mtime = file.stat().st_mtime
+            except OSError:  # pragma: nocover
+                continue
+
+            old_time = self.mtimes.get(file)
+            if old_time is None:
+                self.mtimes[file] = mtime
+                continue
+            elif mtime > old_time:
+                return [file]
+        return None
+
+    def restart(self) -> None:
+        self.mtimes = {}
+        return super().restart()
+
+    def iter_py_files(self) -> Iterator[Path]:
+        for reload_dir in self.config.reload_dirs:
+            for path in list(reload_dir.rglob("*.py")):
+                yield path.resolve()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/watchfilesreload.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/watchfilesreload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6009905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/supervisors/watchfilesreload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+from socket import socket
+
+from watchfiles import watch
+
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.supervisors.basereload import BaseReload
+
+
+class FileFilter:
+    def __init__(self, config: Config):
+        default_includes = ["*.py"]
+        self.includes = [default for default in default_includes if default not in config.reload_excludes]
+        self.includes.extend(config.reload_includes)
+        self.includes = list(set(self.includes))
+
+        default_excludes = [".*", ".py[cod]", ".sw.*", "~*"]
+        self.excludes = [default for default in default_excludes if default not in config.reload_includes]
+        self.exclude_dirs = []
+        for e in config.reload_excludes:
+            p = Path(e)
+            try:
+                is_dir = p.is_dir()
+            except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # gets raised on Windows for values like "*.py"
+                is_dir = False
+
+            if is_dir:
+                self.exclude_dirs.append(p)
+            else:
+                self.excludes.append(e)  # pragma: full coverage
+        self.excludes = list(set(self.excludes))
+
+    def __call__(self, path: Path) -> bool:
+        for include_pattern in self.includes:
+            if path.match(include_pattern):
+                if str(path).endswith(include_pattern):
+                    return True  # pragma: full coverage
+
+                for exclude_dir in self.exclude_dirs:
+                    if exclude_dir in path.parents:
+                        return False
+
+                for exclude_pattern in self.excludes:
+                    if path.match(exclude_pattern):
+                        return False  # pragma: full coverage
+
+                return True
+        return False
+
+
+class WatchFilesReload(BaseReload):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config: Config,
+        target: Callable[[list[socket] | None], None],
+        sockets: list[socket],
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(config, target, sockets)
+        self.reloader_name = "WatchFiles"
+        self.reload_dirs: list[Path] = []
+        for directory in config.reload_dirs:
+            self.reload_dirs.append(directory)
+
+        self.watch_filter = FileFilter(config)
+        self.watcher = watch(
+            *self.reload_dirs,
+            watch_filter=None,
+            stop_event=self.should_exit,
+            # using yield_on_timeout here mostly to make sure tests don't
+            # hang forever, won't affect the class's behavior
+            yield_on_timeout=True,
+            ignore_permission_denied=True,
+        )
+
+    def should_restart(self) -> list[Path] | None:
+        self.pause()
+
+        changes = next(self.watcher)
+        if changes:
+            unique_paths = {Path(c[1]) for c in changes}
+            return [p for p in unique_paths if self.watch_filter(p)]
+        return None
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/workers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/workers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..827d091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvicorn/workers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import signal
+import sys
+import warnings
+from typing import Any
+
+from gunicorn.arbiter import Arbiter
+from gunicorn.workers.base import Worker
+
+from uvicorn._compat import asyncio_run
+from uvicorn.config import Config
+from uvicorn.server import Server
+
+warnings.warn(
+    "The `uvicorn.workers` module is deprecated. Please use `uvicorn-worker` package instead.\n"
+    "For more details, see https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn-worker.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
+
+
+class UvicornWorker(Worker):
+    """
+    A worker class for Gunicorn that interfaces with an ASGI consumer callable,
+    rather than a WSGI callable.
+    """
+
+    CONFIG_KWARGS: dict[str, Any] = {"loop": "auto", "http": "auto"}
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.error")
+        logger.handlers = self.log.error_log.handlers
+        logger.setLevel(self.log.error_log.level)
+        logger.propagate = False
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger("uvicorn.access")
+        logger.handlers = self.log.access_log.handlers
+        logger.setLevel(self.log.access_log.level)
+        logger.propagate = False
+
+        config_kwargs: dict = {
+            "app": None,
+            "log_config": None,
+            "timeout_keep_alive": self.cfg.keepalive,
+            "timeout_notify": self.timeout,
+            "callback_notify": self.callback_notify,
+            "limit_max_requests": self.max_requests,
+            "forwarded_allow_ips": self.cfg.forwarded_allow_ips,
+        }
+
+        if self.cfg.is_ssl:
+            ssl_kwargs = {
+                "ssl_keyfile": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("keyfile"),
+                "ssl_certfile": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("certfile"),
+                "ssl_keyfile_password": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("password"),
+                "ssl_version": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("ssl_version"),
+                "ssl_cert_reqs": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("cert_reqs"),
+                "ssl_ca_certs": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("ca_certs"),
+                "ssl_ciphers": self.cfg.ssl_options.get("ciphers"),
+            }
+            config_kwargs.update(ssl_kwargs)
+
+        if self.cfg.settings["backlog"].value:
+            config_kwargs["backlog"] = self.cfg.settings["backlog"].value
+
+        config_kwargs.update(self.CONFIG_KWARGS)
+
+        self.config = Config(**config_kwargs)
+
+    def init_signals(self) -> None:
+        # Reset signals so Gunicorn doesn't swallow subprocess return codes
+        # other signals are set up by Server.install_signal_handlers()
+        # See: https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/894
+        for s in self.SIGNALS:
+            signal.signal(s, signal.SIG_DFL)
+
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, self.handle_usr1)
+        # Don't let SIGUSR1 disturb active requests by interrupting system calls
+        signal.siginterrupt(signal.SIGUSR1, False)
+
+    def _install_sigquit_handler(self) -> None:
+        """Install a SIGQUIT handler on workers.
+
+        - https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/issues/1116
+        - https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2604
+        """
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        loop.add_signal_handler(signal.SIGQUIT, self.handle_exit, signal.SIGQUIT, None)
+
+    async def _serve(self) -> None:
+        self.config.app = self.wsgi
+        server = Server(config=self.config)
+        self._install_sigquit_handler()
+        await server.serve(sockets=self.sockets)
+        if not server.started:
+            sys.exit(Arbiter.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        return asyncio_run(self._serve(), loop_factory=self.config.get_loop_factory())
+
+    async def callback_notify(self) -> None:
+        self.notify()
+
+
+class UvicornH11Worker(UvicornWorker):
+    CONFIG_KWARGS = {"loop": "asyncio", "http": "h11"}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6fe47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: uvloop
+Version: 0.22.1
+Summary: Fast implementation of asyncio event loop on top of libuv
+Author-email: Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io>
+License: MIT License
+Project-URL: github, https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop
+Keywords: asyncio,networking
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Networking
+Requires-Python: >=3.8.1
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE-APACHE
+License-File: LICENSE-MIT
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: aiohttp>=3.10.5; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: flake8~=6.1; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: psutil; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pycodestyle~=2.11.0; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pyOpenSSL~=25.3.0; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: mypy>=0.800; extra == "test"
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: setuptools>=60; extra == "dev"
+Requires-Dist: Cython~=3.0; extra == "dev"
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Requires-Dist: Sphinx~=4.1.2; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-asyncio~=0.3.0; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx_rtd_theme~=0.5.2; extra == "docs"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/MagicStack/uvloop/tests.yml?branch=master
+    :target: https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/actions/workflows/tests.yml?query=branch%3Amaster
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/uvloop.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uvloop
+
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/uvloop
+    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/uvloop
+    :alt: PyPI - Downloads
+
+
+uvloop is a fast, drop-in replacement of the built-in asyncio
+event loop.  uvloop is implemented in Cython and uses libuv
+under the hood.
+
+The project documentation can be found
+`here <http://uvloop.readthedocs.org/>`_.  Please also check out the
+`wiki <https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/wiki>`_.
+
+
+Performance
+-----------
+
+uvloop makes asyncio 2-4x faster.
+
+.. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MagicStack/uvloop/master/performance.png
+    :target: http://magic.io/blog/uvloop-blazing-fast-python-networking/
+
+The above chart shows the performance of an echo server with different
+message sizes.  The *sockets* benchmark uses ``loop.sock_recv()`` and
+``loop.sock_sendall()`` methods; the *streams* benchmark uses asyncio
+high-level streams, created by the ``asyncio.start_server()`` function;
+and the *protocol* benchmark uses ``loop.create_server()`` with a simple
+echo protocol.  Read more about uvloop in a
+`blog post <http://magic.io/blog/uvloop-blazing-fast-python-networking/>`_
+about it.
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+uvloop requires Python 3.8 or greater and is available on PyPI.
+Use pip to install it::
+
+    $ pip install uvloop
+
+Note that it is highly recommended to **upgrade pip before** installing
+uvloop with::
+
+    $ pip install -U pip
+
+
+Using uvloop
+------------
+
+As of uvloop 0.18, the preferred way of using it is via the
+``uvloop.run()`` helper function:
+
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import uvloop
+
+    async def main():
+        # Main entry-point.
+        ...
+
+    uvloop.run(main())
+
+``uvloop.run()`` works by simply configuring ``asyncio.run()``
+to use uvloop, passing all of the arguments to it, such as ``debug``,
+e.g. ``uvloop.run(main(), debug=True)``.
+
+With Python 3.11 and earlier the following alternative
+snippet can be used:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import asyncio
+    import sys
+
+    import uvloop
+
+    async def main():
+        # Main entry-point.
+        ...
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        with asyncio.Runner(loop_factory=uvloop.new_event_loop) as runner:
+            runner.run(main())
+    else:
+        uvloop.install()
+        asyncio.run(main())
+
+
+Building From Source
+--------------------
+
+To build uvloop, you'll need Python 3.8 or greater:
+
+1. Clone the repository:
+
+   .. code::
+
+    $ git clone --recursive git@github.com:MagicStack/uvloop.git
+    $ cd uvloop
+
+2. Create a virtual environment and activate it:
+
+   .. code::
+
+    $ python3 -m venv uvloop-dev
+    $ source uvloop-dev/bin/activate
+
+3. Install development dependencies:
+
+   ..  code::
+
+    $ pip install -e .[dev]
+
+4. Build and run tests:
+
+   .. code::
+
+    $ make
+    $ make test
+
+
+License
+-------
+
+uvloop is dual-licensed under MIT and Apache 2.0 licenses.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c23ab2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/RECORD
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e8a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-APACHE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f66d4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+Copyright (C) 2016-present the uvloop authors and contributors.
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
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+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
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+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
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+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
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+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
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+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
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+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
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+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
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+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
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+
+   Copyright (c) 2015-present MagicStack Inc.  http://magic.io
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-MIT b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40fd023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (C) 2016-present the uvloop authors and contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99d4716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop-0.22.1.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+uvloop
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638b874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+import asyncio as __asyncio
+import typing as _typing
+import sys as _sys
+import warnings as _warnings
+
+from . import includes as __includes  # NOQA
+from .loop import Loop as __BaseLoop  # NOQA
+from ._version import __version__  # NOQA
+
+
+__all__: _typing.Tuple[str, ...] = ('new_event_loop', 'run')
+_AbstractEventLoop = __asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
+
+
+_T = _typing.TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class Loop(__BaseLoop, _AbstractEventLoop):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    pass
+
+
+def new_event_loop() -> Loop:
+    """Return a new event loop."""
+    return Loop()
+
+
+if _typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    def run(
+        main: _typing.Coroutine[_typing.Any, _typing.Any, _T],
+        *,
+        loop_factory: _typing.Optional[
+            _typing.Callable[[], Loop]
+        ] = new_event_loop,
+        debug: _typing.Optional[bool]=None,
+    ) -> _T:
+        """The preferred way of running a coroutine with uvloop."""
+else:
+    def run(main, *, loop_factory=new_event_loop, debug=None, **run_kwargs):
+        """The preferred way of running a coroutine with uvloop."""
+
+        async def wrapper():
+            # If `loop_factory` is provided we want it to return
+            # either uvloop.Loop or a subtype of it, assuming the user
+            # is using `uvloop.run()` intentionally.
+            loop = __asyncio._get_running_loop()
+            if not isinstance(loop, Loop):
+                raise TypeError('uvloop.run() uses a non-uvloop event loop')
+            return await main
+
+        vi = _sys.version_info[:2]
+
+        if vi <= (3, 10):
+            # Copied from python/cpython
+
+            if __asyncio._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
+
+            if not __asyncio.iscoroutine(main):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "a coroutine was expected, got {!r}".format(main)
+                )
+
+            loop = loop_factory()
+            try:
+                __asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+                if debug is not None:
+                    loop.set_debug(debug)
+                return loop.run_until_complete(wrapper())
+            finally:
+                try:
+                    _cancel_all_tasks(loop)
+                    loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+                    if hasattr(loop, 'shutdown_default_executor'):
+                        loop.run_until_complete(
+                            loop.shutdown_default_executor()
+                        )
+                finally:
+                    __asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+                    loop.close()
+
+        elif vi == (3, 11):
+            if __asyncio._get_running_loop() is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
+
+            with __asyncio.Runner(
+                loop_factory=loop_factory,
+                debug=debug,
+                **run_kwargs
+            ) as runner:
+                return runner.run(wrapper())
+
+        else:
+            assert vi >= (3, 12)
+            return __asyncio.run(
+                wrapper(),
+                loop_factory=loop_factory,
+                debug=debug,
+                **run_kwargs
+            )
+
+
+def _cancel_all_tasks(loop: _AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
+    # Copied from python/cpython
+
+    to_cancel = __asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
+    if not to_cancel:
+        return
+
+    for task in to_cancel:
+        task.cancel()
+
+    loop.run_until_complete(
+        __asyncio.gather(*to_cancel, return_exceptions=True)
+    )
+
+    for task in to_cancel:
+        if task.cancelled():
+            continue
+        if task.exception() is not None:
+            loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': 'unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown',
+                'exception': task.exception(),
+                'task': task,
+            })
+
+
+_deprecated_names = ('install', 'EventLoopPolicy')
+
+
+if _sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 16):
+    __all__ += _deprecated_names
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> _typing.Any:
+    if name not in _deprecated_names:
+        raise AttributeError(f"module 'uvloop' has no attribute '{name}'")
+    elif _sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 16):
+        raise AttributeError(
+            f"module 'uvloop' has no attribute '{name}' "
+            f"(it was removed in Python 3.16, use uvloop.run() instead)"
+        )
+
+    import threading
+
+    def install() -> None:
+        """A helper function to install uvloop policy.
+
+        This function is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16.
+        Use `uvloop.run()` instead.
+        """
+        if _sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12):
+            _warnings.warn(
+                'uvloop.install() is deprecated in favor of uvloop.run() '
+                'starting with Python 3.12.',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=1,
+            )
+        __asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(EventLoopPolicy())
+
+    class EventLoopPolicy(
+        # This is to avoid a mypy error about AbstractEventLoopPolicy
+        getattr(__asyncio, 'AbstractEventLoopPolicy')  # type: ignore[misc]
+    ):
+        """Event loop policy for uvloop.
+
+        This class is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.16.
+        Use `uvloop.run()` instead.
+
+        >>> import asyncio
+        >>> import uvloop
+        >>> asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())
+        >>> asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        <uvloop.Loop running=False closed=False debug=False>
+        """
+
+        def _loop_factory(self) -> Loop:
+            return new_event_loop()
+
+        if _typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+            # EventLoopPolicy doesn't implement these, but since they are
+            # marked as abstract in typeshed, we have to put them in so mypy
+            # thinks the base methods are overridden. This is the same approach
+            # taken for the Windows event loop policy classes in typeshed.
+            def get_child_watcher(self) -> _typing.NoReturn:
+                ...
+
+            def set_child_watcher(
+                self, watcher: _typing.Any
+            ) -> _typing.NoReturn:
+                ...
+
+        class _Local(threading.local):
+            _loop: _typing.Optional[_AbstractEventLoop] = None
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self._local = self._Local()
+
+        def get_event_loop(self) -> _AbstractEventLoop:
+            """Get the event loop for the current context.
+
+            Returns an instance of EventLoop or raises an exception.
+            """
+            if self._local._loop is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'There is no current event loop in thread %r.'
+                    % threading.current_thread().name
+                )
+
+            return self._local._loop
+
+        def set_event_loop(
+            self, loop: _typing.Optional[_AbstractEventLoop]
+        ) -> None:
+            """Set the event loop."""
+            if loop is not None and not isinstance(loop, _AbstractEventLoop):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"loop must be an instance of AbstractEventLoop or None, "
+                    f"not '{type(loop).__name__}'"
+                )
+            self._local._loop = loop
+
+        def new_event_loop(self) -> Loop:
+            """Create a new event loop.
+
+            You must call set_event_loop() to make this the current event loop.
+            """
+            return self._loop_factory()
+
+    globals()['install'] = install
+    globals()['EventLoopPolicy'] = EventLoopPolicy
+    return globals()[name]
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfc14dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_noop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+def noop() -> None:
+    """Empty function to invoke CPython ceval loop."""
+    return
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_testbase.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_testbase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e620e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_testbase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+"""Test utilities. Don't use outside of the uvloop project."""
+
+
+import asyncio
+import asyncio.events
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import gc
+import logging
+import os
+import pprint
+import re
+import select
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import time
+import unittest
+import uvloop
+
+
+class MockPattern(str):
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return bool(re.search(str(self), other, re.S))
+
+
+class TestCaseDict(collections.UserDict):
+
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if key in self.data:
+            raise RuntimeError('duplicate test {}.{}'.format(
+                self.name, key))
+        super().__setitem__(key, value)
+
+
+class BaseTestCaseMeta(type):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
+        return TestCaseDict(name)
+
+    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, dct):
+        for test_name in dct:
+            if not test_name.startswith('test_'):
+                continue
+            for base in bases:
+                if hasattr(base, test_name):
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        'duplicate test {}.{} (also defined in {} '
+                        'parent class)'.format(
+                            name, test_name, base.__name__))
+
+        return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, dict(dct))
+
+
+class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase, metaclass=BaseTestCaseMeta):
+
+    def new_loop(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def new_policy(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def mock_pattern(self, str):
+        return MockPattern(str)
+
+    async def wait_closed(self, obj):
+        if not isinstance(obj, asyncio.StreamWriter):
+            return
+        try:
+            await obj.wait_closed()
+        except (BrokenPipeError, ConnectionError):
+            pass
+
+    def is_asyncio_loop(self):
+        return type(self.loop).__module__.startswith('asyncio.')
+
+    def run_loop_briefly(self, *, delay=0.01):
+        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(delay))
+
+    def loop_exception_handler(self, loop, context):
+        self.__unhandled_exceptions.append(context)
+        self.loop.default_exception_handler(context)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.loop = self.new_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(self.new_policy())
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(self.loop)
+        self._check_unclosed_resources_in_debug = True
+
+        self.loop.set_exception_handler(self.loop_exception_handler)
+        self.__unhandled_exceptions = []
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.loop.close()
+
+        if self.__unhandled_exceptions:
+            print('Unexpected calls to loop.call_exception_handler():')
+            pprint.pprint(self.__unhandled_exceptions)
+            self.fail('unexpected calls to loop.call_exception_handler()')
+            return
+
+        if not self._check_unclosed_resources_in_debug:
+            return
+
+        # GC to show any resource warnings as the test completes
+        gc.collect()
+        gc.collect()
+        gc.collect()
+
+        if getattr(self.loop, '_debug_cc', False):
+            gc.collect()
+            gc.collect()
+            gc.collect()
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_uv_handles_total,
+                self.loop._debug_uv_handles_freed,
+                'not all uv_handle_t handles were freed')
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_cb_handles_count, 0,
+                'not all callbacks (call_soon) are GCed')
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_count, 0,
+                'not all timer callbacks (call_later) are GCed')
+
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt, 0,
+                'not all stream write contexts are GCed')
+
+            for h_name, h_cnt in self.loop._debug_handles_current.items():
+                with self.subTest('Alive handle after test',
+                                  handle_name=h_name):
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        h_cnt, 0,
+                        'alive {} after test'.format(h_name))
+
+            for h_name, h_cnt in self.loop._debug_handles_total.items():
+                with self.subTest('Total/closed handles',
+                                  handle_name=h_name):
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        h_cnt, self.loop._debug_handles_closed[h_name],
+                        'total != closed for {}'.format(h_name))
+
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(None)
+        asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)
+        self.loop = None
+
+    def skip_unclosed_handles_check(self):
+        self._check_unclosed_resources_in_debug = False
+
+    def tcp_server(self, server_prog, *,
+                   family=socket.AF_INET,
+                   addr=None,
+                   timeout=5,
+                   backlog=1,
+                   max_clients=10):
+
+        if addr is None:
+            if family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+                with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
+                    addr = tmp.name
+            else:
+                addr = ('127.0.0.1', 0)
+
+        sock = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+        if timeout is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('timeout is required')
+        if timeout <= 0:
+            raise RuntimeError('only blocking sockets are supported')
+        sock.settimeout(timeout)
+
+        try:
+            sock.bind(addr)
+            sock.listen(backlog)
+        except OSError as ex:
+            sock.close()
+            raise ex
+
+        return TestThreadedServer(
+            self, sock, server_prog, timeout, max_clients)
+
+    def tcp_client(self, client_prog,
+                   family=socket.AF_INET,
+                   timeout=10):
+
+        sock = socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+
+        if timeout is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('timeout is required')
+        if timeout <= 0:
+            raise RuntimeError('only blocking sockets are supported')
+        sock.settimeout(timeout)
+
+        return TestThreadedClient(
+            self, sock, client_prog, timeout)
+
+    def unix_server(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.tcp_server(*args, family=socket.AF_UNIX, **kwargs)
+
+    def unix_client(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.tcp_client(*args, family=socket.AF_UNIX, **kwargs)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def unix_sock_name(self):
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as td:
+            fn = os.path.join(td, 'sock')
+            try:
+                yield fn
+            finally:
+                try:
+                    os.unlink(fn)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+
+    def _abort_socket_test(self, ex):
+        try:
+            self.loop.stop()
+        finally:
+            self.fail(ex)
+
+
+def _cert_fullname(test_file_name, cert_file_name):
+    fullname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(
+        os.path.dirname(test_file_name), 'certs', cert_file_name))
+    assert os.path.isfile(fullname)
+    return fullname
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def silence_long_exec_warning():
+
+    class Filter(logging.Filter):
+        def filter(self, record):
+            return not (record.msg.startswith('Executing') and
+                        record.msg.endswith('seconds'))
+
+    logger = logging.getLogger('asyncio')
+    filter = Filter()
+    logger.addFilter(filter)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        logger.removeFilter(filter)
+
+
+def find_free_port(start_from=50000):
+    for port in range(start_from, start_from + 500):
+        sock = socket.socket()
+        with sock:
+            try:
+                sock.bind(('', port))
+            except socket.error:
+                continue
+            else:
+                return port
+    raise RuntimeError('could not find a free port')
+
+
+class SSLTestCase:
+
+    def _create_server_ssl_context(self, certfile, keyfile=None):
+        if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER'):
+            sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        elif hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_TLS'):
+            sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS)
+        else:
+            sslcontext = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        sslcontext.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        sslcontext.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
+        return sslcontext
+
+    def _create_client_ssl_context(self, *, disable_verify=True):
+        sslcontext = ssl.create_default_context()
+        sslcontext.check_hostname = False
+        if disable_verify:
+            sslcontext.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+        return sslcontext
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def _silence_eof_received_warning(self):
+        # TODO This warning has to be fixed in asyncio.
+        logger = logging.getLogger('asyncio')
+        filter = logging.Filter('has no effect when using ssl')
+        logger.addFilter(filter)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            logger.removeFilter(filter)
+
+
+class UVTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    implementation = 'uvloop'
+
+    def new_loop(self):
+        return uvloop.new_event_loop()
+
+    def new_policy(self):
+        return uvloop.EventLoopPolicy()
+
+
+class AIOTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    implementation = 'asyncio'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+            watcher = asyncio.SafeChildWatcher()
+            watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
+            asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 12):
+            asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def new_loop(self):
+        return asyncio.new_event_loop()
+
+    def new_policy(self):
+        return asyncio.DefaultEventLoopPolicy()
+
+
+def has_IPv6():
+    server_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+    with server_sock:
+        try:
+            server_sock.bind(('::1', 0))
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+
+has_IPv6 = has_IPv6()
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Socket Testing Utilities
+###############################################################################
+
+
+class TestSocketWrapper:
+
+    def __init__(self, sock):
+        self.__sock = sock
+
+    def recv_all(self, n):
+        buf = b''
+        while len(buf) < n:
+            data = self.recv(n - len(buf))
+            if data == b'':
+                raise ConnectionAbortedError
+            buf += data
+        return buf
+
+    def starttls(self, ssl_context, *,
+                 server_side=False,
+                 server_hostname=None,
+                 do_handshake_on_connect=True):
+
+        assert isinstance(ssl_context, ssl.SSLContext)
+
+        ssl_sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(
+            self.__sock, server_side=server_side,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+            do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect)
+
+        if server_side:
+            ssl_sock.do_handshake()
+
+        self.__sock.close()
+        self.__sock = ssl_sock
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.__sock, name)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} {!r}>'.format(type(self).__name__, self.__sock)
+
+
+class SocketThread(threading.Thread):
+
+    def stop(self):
+        self._active = False
+        self.join()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *exc):
+        self.stop()
+
+
+class TestThreadedClient(SocketThread):
+
+    def __init__(self, test, sock, prog, timeout):
+        threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, None, 'test-client')
+        self.daemon = True
+
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._active = True
+        self._prog = prog
+        self._test = test
+
+    def run(self):
+        try:
+            self._prog(TestSocketWrapper(self._sock))
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            self._test._abort_socket_test(ex)
+
+
+class TestThreadedServer(SocketThread):
+
+    def __init__(self, test, sock, prog, timeout, max_clients):
+        threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, None, 'test-server')
+        self.daemon = True
+
+        self._clients = 0
+        self._finished_clients = 0
+        self._max_clients = max_clients
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        self._sock = sock
+        self._active = True
+
+        self._prog = prog
+
+        self._s1, self._s2 = socket.socketpair()
+        self._s1.setblocking(False)
+
+        self._test = test
+
+    def stop(self):
+        try:
+            if self._s2 and self._s2.fileno() != -1:
+                try:
+                    self._s2.send(b'stop')
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+        finally:
+            super().stop()
+
+    def run(self):
+        try:
+            with self._sock:
+                self._sock.setblocking(0)
+                self._run()
+        finally:
+            self._s1.close()
+            self._s2.close()
+
+    def _run(self):
+        while self._active:
+            if self._clients >= self._max_clients:
+                return
+
+            r, w, x = select.select(
+                [self._sock, self._s1], [], [], self._timeout)
+
+            if self._s1 in r:
+                return
+
+            if self._sock in r:
+                try:
+                    conn, addr = self._sock.accept()
+                except BlockingIOError:
+                    continue
+                except socket.timeout:
+                    if not self._active:
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        raise
+                else:
+                    self._clients += 1
+                    conn.settimeout(self._timeout)
+                    try:
+                        with conn:
+                            self._handle_client(conn)
+                    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                        raise
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        self._active = False
+                        try:
+                            raise
+                        finally:
+                            self._test._abort_socket_test(ex)
+
+    def _handle_client(self, sock):
+        self._prog(TestSocketWrapper(sock))
+
+    @property
+    def addr(self):
+        return self._sock.getsockname()
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# A few helpers from asyncio/tests/testutils.py
+###############################################################################
+
+
+def run_briefly(loop):
+    async def once():
+        pass
+    gen = once()
+    t = loop.create_task(gen)
+    # Don't log a warning if the task is not done after run_until_complete().
+    # It occurs if the loop is stopped or if a task raises a BaseException.
+    t._log_destroy_pending = False
+    try:
+        loop.run_until_complete(t)
+    finally:
+        gen.close()
+
+
+def run_until(loop, pred, timeout=30):
+    deadline = time.time() + timeout
+    while not pred():
+        if timeout is not None:
+            timeout = deadline - time.time()
+            if timeout <= 0:
+                raise asyncio.futures.TimeoutError()
+        loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.tasks.sleep(0.001))
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def disable_logger():
+    """Context manager to disable asyncio logger.
+
+    For example, it can be used to ignore warnings in debug mode.
+    """
+    old_level = asyncio.log.logger.level
+    try:
+        asyncio.log.logger.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL + 1)
+        yield
+    finally:
+        asyncio.log.logger.setLevel(old_level)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0043c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This file MUST NOT contain anything but the __version__ assignment.
+#
+# When making a release, change the value of __version__
+# to an appropriate value, and open a pull request against
+# the correct branch (master if making a new feature release).
+# The commit message MUST contain a properly formatted release
+# log, and the commit must be signed.
+#
+# The release automation will: build and test the packages for the
+# supported platforms, publish the packages on PyPI, merge the PR
+# to the target branch, create a Git tag pointing to the commit.
+
+__version__ = '0.22.1'
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e594b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+cdef class Handle:
+    cdef:
+        Loop loop
+        object context
+        bint _cancelled
+
+        str meth_name
+        int cb_type
+        void *callback
+        object arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4
+
+        object __weakref__
+
+        readonly _source_traceback
+
+    cdef inline _set_loop(self, Loop loop)
+    cdef inline _set_context(self, object context)
+
+    cdef inline _run(self)
+    cdef _cancel(self)
+
+    cdef _format_handle(self)
+
+
+cdef class TimerHandle:
+    cdef:
+        object callback
+        tuple args
+        bint _cancelled
+        UVTimer timer
+        Loop loop
+        object context
+        tuple _debug_info
+        object __weakref__
+        object _when
+
+    cdef _run(self)
+    cdef _cancel(self)
+    cdef inline _clear(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2914b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/cbhandles.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class Handle:
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._cancelled = 0
+        self.cb_type = 0
+        self._source_traceback = None
+
+    cdef inline _set_loop(self, Loop loop):
+        self.loop = loop
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_cb_handles_total += 1
+            loop._debug_cb_handles_count += 1
+        if loop._debug:
+            self._source_traceback = extract_stack()
+
+    cdef inline _set_context(self, object context):
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG and self.loop is not None:
+            self.loop._debug_cb_handles_count -= 1
+        if self.loop is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('Handle.loop is None in Handle.__dealloc__')
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        raise TypeError(
+            '{} is not supposed to be instantiated from Python'.format(
+                self.__class__.__name__))
+
+    cdef inline _run(self):
+        cdef:
+            int cb_type
+            object callback
+
+        if self._cancelled:
+            return
+
+        cb_type = self.cb_type
+
+        # Since _run is a cdef and there's no BoundMethod,
+        # we guard 'self' manually (since the callback
+        # might cause GC of the handle.)
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+        try:
+            assert self.context is not None
+            Context_Enter(self.context)
+
+            if cb_type == 1:
+                callback = self.arg1
+                if callback is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        'cannot run Handle; callback is not set')
+
+                args = self.arg2
+
+                if args is None:
+                    callback()
+                else:
+                    callback(*args)
+
+            elif cb_type == 2:
+                (<method_t>self.callback)(self.arg1)
+
+            elif cb_type == 3:
+                (<method1_t>self.callback)(self.arg1, self.arg2)
+
+            elif cb_type == 4:
+                (<method2_t>self.callback)(self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3)
+
+            elif cb_type == 5:
+                (<method3_t>self.callback)(
+                    self.arg1, self.arg2, self.arg3, self.arg4)
+
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError('invalid Handle.cb_type: {}'.format(
+                    cb_type))
+
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if cb_type == 1:
+                msg = 'Exception in callback {}'.format(callback)
+            else:
+                msg = 'Exception in callback {}'.format(self.meth_name)
+
+            context = {
+                'message': msg,
+                'exception': ex,
+                'handle': self,
+            }
+
+            if self._source_traceback is not None:
+                context['source_traceback'] = self._source_traceback
+
+            self.loop.call_exception_handler(context)
+
+        finally:
+            context = self.context
+            Py_DECREF(self)
+            Context_Exit(context)
+
+    cdef _cancel(self):
+        self._cancelled = 1
+        self.callback = NULL
+        self.arg1 = self.arg2 = self.arg3 = self.arg4 = None
+
+    cdef _format_handle(self):
+        # Mirrors `asyncio.base_events._format_handle`.
+        if self.cb_type == 1 and self.arg1 is not None:
+            cb = self.arg1
+            if isinstance(getattr(cb, '__self__', None), aio_Task):
+                try:
+                    return repr(cb.__self__)
+                except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError) as ex:
+                    # Cython generates empty __code__ objects for coroutines
+                    # that can crash asyncio.Task.__repr__ with an
+                    # AttributeError etc.  Guard against that.
+                    self.loop.call_exception_handler({
+                        'message': 'exception in Task.__repr__',
+                        'task': cb.__self__,
+                        'exception': ex,
+                        'handle': self,
+                    })
+        return repr(self)
+
+    # Public API
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = [self.__class__.__name__]
+
+        if self._cancelled:
+            info.append('cancelled')
+
+        if self.cb_type == 1 and self.arg1 is not None:
+            func = self.arg1
+            # Cython can unset func.__qualname__/__name__, hence the checks.
+            if hasattr(func, '__qualname__') and func.__qualname__:
+                cb_name = func.__qualname__
+            elif hasattr(func, '__name__') and func.__name__:
+                cb_name = func.__name__
+            else:
+                cb_name = repr(func)
+
+            info.append(cb_name)
+        elif self.meth_name is not None:
+            info.append(self.meth_name)
+
+        if self._source_traceback is not None:
+            frame = self._source_traceback[-1]
+            info.append('created at {}:{}'.format(frame[0], frame[1]))
+
+        return '<' + ' '.join(info) + '>'
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self._cancel()
+
+    def cancelled(self):
+        return self._cancelled
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class TimerHandle:
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, object callback, object args,
+                  uint64_t delay, object context):
+
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.args = args
+        self._cancelled = 0
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_total += 1
+            self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_count += 1
+
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+        if loop._debug:
+            self._debug_info = (
+                format_callback_name(callback),
+                extract_stack()
+            )
+        else:
+            self._debug_info = None
+
+        self.timer = UVTimer.new(
+            loop, <method_t>self._run, self, delay)
+
+        self.timer.start()
+        self._when = self.timer.get_when() * 1e-3
+
+        # Only add to loop._timers when `self.timer` is successfully created
+        loop._timers.add(self)
+
+    property _source_traceback:
+        def __get__(self):
+            if self._debug_info is not None:
+                return self._debug_info[1]
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self.loop._debug_cb_timer_handles_count -= 1
+        if self.timer is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError('active TimerHandle is deallacating')
+
+    cdef _cancel(self):
+        if self._cancelled == 1:
+            return
+        self._cancelled = 1
+        self._clear()
+
+    cdef inline _clear(self):
+        if self.timer is None:
+            return
+
+        self.callback = None
+        self.args = None
+
+        try:
+            self.loop._timers.remove(self)
+        finally:
+            self.timer._close()
+            self.timer = None  # let the UVTimer handle GC
+
+    cdef _run(self):
+        if self._cancelled == 1:
+            return
+        if self.callback is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('cannot run TimerHandle; callback is not set')
+
+        callback = self.callback
+        args = self.args
+
+        # Since _run is a cdef and there's no BoundMethod,
+        # we guard 'self' manually.
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+        if self.loop._debug:
+            started = time_monotonic()
+        try:
+            assert self.context is not None
+            Context_Enter(self.context)
+
+            if args is not None:
+                callback(*args)
+            else:
+                callback()
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            context = {
+                'message': 'Exception in callback {}'.format(callback),
+                'exception': ex,
+                'handle': self,
+            }
+
+            if self._debug_info is not None:
+                context['source_traceback'] = self._debug_info[1]
+
+            self.loop.call_exception_handler(context)
+        else:
+            if self.loop._debug:
+                delta = time_monotonic() - started
+                if delta > self.loop.slow_callback_duration:
+                    aio_logger.warning(
+                        'Executing %r took %.3f seconds',
+                        self, delta)
+        finally:
+            context = self.context
+            Py_DECREF(self)
+            Context_Exit(context)
+            self._clear()
+
+    # Public API
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        info = [self.__class__.__name__]
+
+        if self._cancelled:
+            info.append('cancelled')
+
+        if self._debug_info is not None:
+            callback_name = self._debug_info[0]
+            source_traceback = self._debug_info[1]
+        else:
+            callback_name = None
+            source_traceback = None
+
+        if callback_name is not None:
+            info.append(callback_name)
+        elif self.callback is not None:
+            info.append(format_callback_name(self.callback))
+
+        if source_traceback is not None:
+            frame = source_traceback[-1]
+            info.append('created at {}:{}'.format(frame[0], frame[1]))
+
+        return '<' + ' '.join(info) + '>'
+
+    def cancelled(self):
+        return self._cancelled
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self._cancel()
+
+    def when(self):
+        return self._when
+
+
+cdef format_callback_name(func):
+    if hasattr(func, '__qualname__'):
+        cb_name = getattr(func, '__qualname__')
+    elif hasattr(func, '__name__'):
+        cb_name = getattr(func, '__name__')
+    else:
+        cb_name = repr(func)
+    return cb_name
+
+
+cdef new_Handle(Loop loop, object callback, object args, object context):
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 1
+
+    handle.arg1 = callback
+    handle.arg2 = args
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle(Loop loop, str name, method_t callback, object context,
+                      object bound_to):
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 2
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle1(Loop loop, str name, method1_t callback, object context,
+                       object bound_to, object arg):
+
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 3
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+    handle.arg2 = arg
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle2(Loop loop, str name, method2_t callback, object context,
+                       object bound_to, object arg1, object arg2):
+
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 4
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+    handle.arg2 = arg1
+    handle.arg3 = arg2
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef new_MethodHandle3(Loop loop, str name, method3_t callback, object context,
+                       object bound_to, object arg1, object arg2, object arg3):
+
+    cdef Handle handle
+    handle = Handle.__new__(Handle)
+    handle._set_loop(loop)
+    handle._set_context(context)
+
+    handle.cb_type = 5
+    handle.meth_name = name
+
+    handle.callback = <void*> callback
+    handle.arg1 = bound_to
+    handle.arg2 = arg1
+    handle.arg3 = arg2
+    handle.arg4 = arg3
+
+    return handle
+
+
+cdef extract_stack():
+    """Replacement for traceback.extract_stack() that only does the
+    necessary work for asyncio debug mode.
+    """
+    try:
+        f = sys_getframe()
+    # sys._getframe() might raise ValueError if being called without a frame, e.g.
+    # from Cython or similar C extensions.
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    if f is None:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        stack = tb_StackSummary.extract(tb_walk_stack(f),
+                                        limit=DEBUG_STACK_DEPTH,
+                                        lookup_lines=False)
+    finally:
+        f = None
+
+    stack.reverse()
+    return stack
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/dns.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/dns.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67aeb59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/dns.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,479 @@
+cdef __port_to_int(port, proto):
+    if type(port) is int:
+        return port
+
+    if port is None or port == '' or port == b'':
+        return 0
+
+    try:
+        return int(port)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        pass
+
+    if isinstance(port, bytes):
+        port = port.decode()
+
+    if isinstance(port, str) and proto is not None:
+        if proto == uv.IPPROTO_TCP:
+            return socket_getservbyname(port, 'tcp')
+        elif proto == uv.IPPROTO_UDP:
+            return socket_getservbyname(port, 'udp')
+
+    raise OSError('service/proto not found')
+
+
+cdef __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(const system.sockaddr* addr):
+    # Converts sockaddr structs into what Python socket
+    # module can understand:
+    #   - for IPv4 a tuple of (host, port)
+    #   - for IPv6 a tuple of (host, port, flowinfo, scope_id)
+
+    cdef:
+        char buf[128]  # INET6_ADDRSTRLEN is usually 46
+        int err
+        system.sockaddr_in *addr4
+        system.sockaddr_in6 *addr6
+        system.sockaddr_un *addr_un
+
+    if addr.sa_family == uv.AF_INET:
+        addr4 = <system.sockaddr_in*>addr
+
+        err = uv.uv_ip4_name(addr4, buf, sizeof(buf))
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        return (
+            PyUnicode_FromString(buf),
+            system.ntohs(addr4.sin_port)
+        )
+
+    elif addr.sa_family == uv.AF_INET6:
+        addr6 = <system.sockaddr_in6*>addr
+
+        err = uv.uv_ip6_name(addr6, buf, sizeof(buf))
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        return (
+            PyUnicode_FromString(buf),
+            system.ntohs(addr6.sin6_port),
+            system.ntohl(addr6.sin6_flowinfo),
+            addr6.sin6_scope_id
+        )
+
+    elif addr.sa_family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+        addr_un = <system.sockaddr_un*>addr
+        return system.MakeUnixSockPyAddr(addr_un)
+
+    raise RuntimeError("cannot convert sockaddr into Python object")
+
+
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class SockAddrHolder:
+    cdef:
+        int family
+        system.sockaddr_storage addr
+        Py_ssize_t addr_size
+
+
+cdef LruCache sockaddrs = LruCache(maxsize=DNS_PYADDR_TO_SOCKADDR_CACHE_SIZE)
+
+
+cdef __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(int family, object addr,
+                                  system.sockaddr* res):
+    cdef:
+        int err
+        int addr_len
+        int scope_id = 0
+        int flowinfo = 0
+        char *buf
+        Py_ssize_t buflen
+        SockAddrHolder ret
+
+    ret = sockaddrs.get(addr, None)
+    if ret is not None and ret.family == family:
+        memcpy(res, &ret.addr, ret.addr_size)
+        return
+
+    ret = SockAddrHolder.__new__(SockAddrHolder)
+    if family == uv.AF_INET:
+        if not isinstance(addr, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('AF_INET address must be tuple')
+        if len(addr) != 2:
+            raise ValueError('AF_INET address must be tuple of (host, port)')
+        host, port = addr
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            try:
+                # idna codec is rather slow, so we try ascii first.
+                host = host.encode('ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                host = host.encode('idna')
+        if not isinstance(host, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            raise TypeError('host must be a string or bytes object')
+
+        port = __port_to_int(port, None)
+
+        ret.addr_size = sizeof(system.sockaddr_in)
+        err = uv.uv_ip4_addr(host, <int>port, <system.sockaddr_in*>&ret.addr)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    elif family == uv.AF_INET6:
+        if not isinstance(addr, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('AF_INET6 address must be tuple')
+
+        addr_len = len(addr)
+        if addr_len < 2 or addr_len > 4:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'AF_INET6 must be a tuple of 2-4 parameters: '
+                '(host, port, flowinfo?, scope_id?)')
+
+        host = addr[0]
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            try:
+                # idna codec is rather slow, so we try ascii first.
+                host = host.encode('ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                host = host.encode('idna')
+        if not isinstance(host, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            raise TypeError('host must be a string or bytes object')
+
+        port = __port_to_int(addr[1], None)
+
+        if addr_len > 2:
+            flowinfo = addr[2]
+        if addr_len > 3:
+            scope_id = addr[3]
+
+        ret.addr_size = sizeof(system.sockaddr_in6)
+
+        err = uv.uv_ip6_addr(host, port, <system.sockaddr_in6*>&ret.addr)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        (<system.sockaddr_in6*>&ret.addr).sin6_flowinfo = flowinfo
+        (<system.sockaddr_in6*>&ret.addr).sin6_scope_id = scope_id
+
+    elif family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+        if isinstance(addr, str):
+            addr = addr.encode(sys_getfilesystemencoding())
+        elif not isinstance(addr, bytes):
+            raise TypeError('AF_UNIX address must be a str or a bytes object')
+
+        PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(addr, &buf, &buflen)
+        if buflen > 107:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'unix socket path {addr!r} is longer than 107 characters')
+
+        ret.addr_size = sizeof(system.sockaddr_un)
+        memset(&ret.addr, 0, sizeof(system.sockaddr_un))
+        (<system.sockaddr_un*>&ret.addr).sun_family = uv.AF_UNIX
+        memcpy((<system.sockaddr_un*>&ret.addr).sun_path, buf, buflen)
+
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f'expected AF_INET, AF_INET6, or AF_UNIX family, got {family}')
+
+    ret.family = family
+    sockaddrs[addr] = ret
+    memcpy(res, &ret.addr, ret.addr_size)
+
+
+cdef __static_getaddrinfo(object host, object port,
+                          int family, int type,
+                          int proto,
+                          system.sockaddr *addr):
+
+    if proto not in {0, uv.IPPROTO_TCP, uv.IPPROTO_UDP}:
+        return
+
+    if _is_sock_stream(type):
+        proto = uv.IPPROTO_TCP
+    elif _is_sock_dgram(type):
+        proto = uv.IPPROTO_UDP
+    else:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        port = __port_to_int(port, proto)
+    except Exception:
+        return
+
+    hp = (host, port)
+    if family == uv.AF_UNSPEC:
+        try:
+            __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(uv.AF_INET, hp, addr)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return (uv.AF_INET, type, proto)
+
+        try:
+            __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(uv.AF_INET6, hp, addr)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return (uv.AF_INET6, type, proto)
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(family, hp, addr)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return (family, type, proto)
+
+
+cdef __static_getaddrinfo_pyaddr(object host, object port,
+                                 int family, int type,
+                                 int proto, int flags):
+
+    cdef:
+        system.sockaddr_storage addr
+        object triplet
+
+    triplet = __static_getaddrinfo(
+        host, port, family, type,
+        proto, <system.sockaddr*>&addr)
+    if triplet is None:
+        return
+
+    af, type, proto = triplet
+
+    try:
+        pyaddr = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(<system.sockaddr*>&addr)
+    except Exception:
+        return
+
+    # When the host is an IP while type is one of TCP or UDP, different libc
+    # implementations of getaddrinfo() behave differently:
+    # 1. When AI_CANONNAME is set:
+    #    * glibc: returns ai_canonname
+    #    * musl: returns ai_canonname
+    #    * macOS: returns an empty string for ai_canonname
+    # 2. When AI_CANONNAME is NOT set:
+    #    * glibc: returns an empty string for ai_canonname
+    #    * musl: returns ai_canonname
+    #    * macOS: returns an empty string for ai_canonname
+    # At the same time, libuv and CPython both uses libc directly, even though
+    # this different behavior is violating what is in the documentation.
+    #
+    # uvloop potentially should be a 100% drop-in replacement for asyncio,
+    # doing whatever asyncio does, especially when the libc implementations are
+    # also different in the same way. However, making our implementation to be
+    # consistent with libc/CPython would be complex and hard to maintain
+    # (including caching libc behaviors when flag is/not set), therefore we
+    # decided to simply normalize the behavior in uvloop for this very marginal
+    # case following the documentation, even though uvloop would behave
+    # differently to asyncio on macOS and musl platforms, when again the host
+    # is an IP and type is one of TCP or UDP.
+    # All other cases are still asyncio-compatible.
+    if flags & socket_AI_CANONNAME:
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            canon_name = host
+        else:
+            canon_name = host.decode('ascii')
+    else:
+        canon_name = ''
+
+    return (
+        _intenum_converter(af, socket_AddressFamily),
+        _intenum_converter(type, socket_SocketKind),
+        proto,
+        canon_name,
+        pyaddr,
+    )
+
+
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class AddrInfo:
+    cdef:
+        system.addrinfo *data
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.data = NULL
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if self.data is not NULL:
+            uv.uv_freeaddrinfo(self.data)  # returns void
+            self.data = NULL
+
+    cdef void set_data(self, system.addrinfo *data) noexcept:
+        self.data = data
+
+    cdef unpack(self):
+        cdef:
+            list result = []
+            system.addrinfo *ptr
+
+        if self.data is NULL:
+            raise RuntimeError('AddrInfo.data is NULL')
+
+        ptr = self.data
+        while ptr != NULL:
+            if ptr.ai_addr.sa_family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+                result.append((
+                    _intenum_converter(ptr.ai_family, socket_AddressFamily),
+                    _intenum_converter(ptr.ai_socktype, socket_SocketKind),
+                    ptr.ai_protocol,
+                    ('' if ptr.ai_canonname is NULL else
+                        (<bytes>ptr.ai_canonname).decode()),
+                    __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(ptr.ai_addr)
+                ))
+
+            ptr = ptr.ai_next
+
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef int isinstance(object other):
+        return type(other) is AddrInfo
+
+
+cdef class AddrInfoRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        system.addrinfo hints
+        object callback
+        uv.uv_getaddrinfo_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop,
+                  bytes host, bytes port,
+                  int family, int type, int proto, int flags,
+                  object callback):
+
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            char *chost
+            char *cport
+
+        if host is None:
+            chost = NULL
+        elif host == b'' and sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            # It seems `getaddrinfo("", ...)` on macOS is equivalent to
+            # `getaddrinfo("localhost", ...)`. This is inconsistent with
+            # libuv 1.48 which treats empty nodename as EINVAL.
+            chost = <char*>'localhost'
+        else:
+            chost = <char*>host
+
+        if port is None:
+            cport = NULL
+        else:
+            cport = <char*>port
+
+        memset(&self.hints, 0, sizeof(system.addrinfo))
+        self.hints.ai_flags = flags
+        self.hints.ai_family = family
+        self.hints.ai_socktype = type
+        self.hints.ai_protocol = proto
+
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*> &self._req_data
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+
+        err = uv.uv_getaddrinfo(loop.uvloop,
+                                <uv.uv_getaddrinfo_t*>self.request,
+                                __on_addrinfo_resolved,
+                                chost,
+                                cport,
+                                &self.hints)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            self.on_done()
+            try:
+                if err == uv.UV_EINVAL:
+                    # Convert UV_EINVAL to EAI_NONAME to match libc behavior
+                    msg = system.gai_strerror(socket_EAI_NONAME).decode('utf-8')
+                    ex = socket_gaierror(socket_EAI_NONAME, msg)
+                else:
+                    ex = convert_error(err)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                callback(ex)
+            else:
+                callback(ex)
+
+
+cdef class NameInfoRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        object callback
+        uv.uv_getnameinfo_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, callback):
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*> &self._req_data
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+
+    cdef query(self, system.sockaddr *addr, int flags):
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_getnameinfo(self.loop.uvloop,
+                                <uv.uv_getnameinfo_t*>self.request,
+                                __on_nameinfo_resolved,
+                                addr,
+                                flags)
+        if err < 0:
+            self.on_done()
+            self.callback(convert_error(err))
+
+
+cdef _intenum_converter(value, enum_klass):
+    try:
+        return enum_klass(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return value
+
+
+cdef void __on_addrinfo_resolved(
+    uv.uv_getaddrinfo_t *resolver,
+    int status,
+    system.addrinfo *res,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if resolver.data is NULL:
+        aio_logger.error(
+            'AddrInfoRequest callback called with NULL resolver.data')
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        AddrInfoRequest request = <AddrInfoRequest> resolver.data
+        Loop loop = request.loop
+        object callback = request.callback
+        AddrInfo ai
+
+    try:
+        if status < 0:
+            callback(convert_error(status))
+        else:
+            ai = AddrInfo()
+            ai.set_data(res)
+            callback(ai)
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+        raise
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        loop._handle_exception(ex)
+    finally:
+        request.on_done()
+
+
+cdef void __on_nameinfo_resolved(
+    uv.uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
+    int status,
+    const char* hostname,
+    const char* service,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        NameInfoRequest request = <NameInfoRequest> req.data
+        Loop loop = request.loop
+        object callback = request.callback
+
+    try:
+        if status < 0:
+            callback(convert_error(status))
+        else:
+            callback(((<bytes>hostname).decode(),
+                      (<bytes>service).decode()))
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+        raise
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        loop._handle_exception(ex)
+    finally:
+        request.on_done()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/errors.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/errors.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d810d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/errors.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+cdef str __strerr(int errno):
+    return strerror(errno).decode()
+
+
+cdef __convert_python_error(int uverr):
+    # XXX Won't work for Windows:
+    # From libuv docs:
+    #      Implementation detail: on Unix error codes are the
+    #      negated errno (or -errno), while on Windows they
+    #      are defined by libuv to arbitrary negative numbers.
+    cdef int oserr = -uverr
+
+    exc = OSError
+
+    if uverr in (uv.UV_EACCES, uv.UV_EPERM):
+        exc = PermissionError
+
+    elif uverr in (uv.UV_EAGAIN, uv.UV_EALREADY):
+        exc = BlockingIOError
+
+    elif uverr in (uv.UV_EPIPE, uv.UV_ESHUTDOWN):
+        exc = BrokenPipeError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ECONNABORTED:
+        exc = ConnectionAbortedError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ECONNREFUSED:
+        exc = ConnectionRefusedError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ECONNRESET:
+        exc = ConnectionResetError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EEXIST:
+        exc = FileExistsError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ENOENT:
+        exc = FileNotFoundError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EINTR:
+        exc = InterruptedError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EISDIR:
+        exc = IsADirectoryError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ESRCH:
+        exc = ProcessLookupError
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_ETIMEDOUT:
+        exc = TimeoutError
+
+    return exc(oserr, __strerr(oserr))
+
+
+cdef int __convert_socket_error(int uverr):
+    cdef int sock_err = 0
+
+    if uverr == uv.UV_EAI_ADDRFAMILY:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_ADDRFAMILY
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_AGAIN:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_AGAIN
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_BADFLAGS:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_BADFLAGS
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_BADHINTS:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_BADHINTS
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_CANCELED:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_CANCELED
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_FAIL:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_FAIL
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_FAMILY:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_FAMILY
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_MEMORY:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_MEMORY
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_NODATA:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_NODATA
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_NONAME:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_NONAME
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_OVERFLOW:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_OVERFLOW
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_PROTOCOL:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_PROTOCOL
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_SERVICE:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_SERVICE
+
+    elif uverr == uv.UV_EAI_SOCKTYPE:
+        sock_err = socket_EAI_SOCKTYPE
+
+    return sock_err
+
+
+cdef convert_error(int uverr):
+    cdef int sock_err
+
+    if uverr == uv.UV_ECANCELED:
+        return aio_CancelledError()
+
+    sock_err = __convert_socket_error(uverr)
+    if sock_err:
+        msg = system.gai_strerror(sock_err).decode('utf-8')
+        return socket_gaierror(sock_err, msg)
+
+    return __convert_python_error(uverr)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f0d820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cdef class UVAsync(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        method_t callback
+        object ctx
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx)
+
+    cdef send(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVAsync new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c740cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/async_.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVAsync(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_async_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_async_init(self._loop.uvloop,
+                               <uv.uv_async_t*>self._handle,
+                               __uvasync_callback)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.ctx = ctx
+
+    cdef send(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_async_send(<uv.uv_async_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVAsync new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx):
+        cdef UVAsync handle
+        handle = UVAsync.__new__(UVAsync)
+        handle._init(loop, callback, ctx)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void __uvasync_callback(
+    uv.uv_async_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVAsync callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVAsync async_ = <UVAsync> handle.data
+        method_t cb = async_.callback
+    try:
+        cb(async_.ctx)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        async_._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba356a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+cdef class UVBaseTransport(UVSocketHandle):
+
+    cdef:
+        readonly bint _closing
+
+        bint _protocol_connected
+        bint _protocol_paused
+        object _protocol_data_received
+        size_t _high_water
+        size_t _low_water
+
+        object _protocol
+        Server _server
+        object _waiter
+
+        dict _extra_info
+
+        uint32_t _conn_lost
+
+        object __weakref__
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _maybe_pause_protocol(self)
+    cdef inline _maybe_resume_protocol(self)
+
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_made(self)
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_lost(self, exc)
+
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self)
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self)
+    cdef _call_connection_lost(self, exc)
+
+    # Overloads of UVHandle methods:
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=?)
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+    cdef inline _set_server(self, Server server)
+    cdef inline _set_waiter(self, object waiter)
+
+    cdef _set_protocol(self, object protocol)
+    cdef _clear_protocol(self)
+
+    cdef inline _init_protocol(self)
+    cdef inline _add_extra_info(self, str name, object obj)
+
+    # === overloads ===
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self)
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self)
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self)
+    cdef _start_reading(self)
+    cdef _stop_reading(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28b3079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/basetransport.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+cdef class UVBaseTransport(UVSocketHandle):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        # Flow control
+        self._high_water = FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER * 1024
+        self._low_water = FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER // 4
+
+        self._protocol = None
+        self._protocol_connected = 0
+        self._protocol_paused = 0
+        self._protocol_data_received = None
+
+        self._server = None
+        self._waiter = None
+        self._extra_info = None
+
+        self._conn_lost = 0
+
+        self._closing = 0
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        return 0
+
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_made(self):
+        self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                             "UVTransport._call_connection_made",
+                             <method_t>self._call_connection_made,
+                             self.context,
+                             self))
+
+    cdef inline _schedule_call_connection_lost(self, exc):
+        self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle1(self._loop,
+                              "UVTransport._call_connection_lost",
+                              <method1_t>self._call_connection_lost,
+                              self.context,
+                              self, exc))
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        # Overload UVHandle._fatal_error
+
+        self._force_close(exc)
+
+        if not isinstance(exc, OSError):
+
+            if throw or self._loop is None:
+                raise exc
+
+            msg = f'Fatal error on transport {self.__class__.__name__}'
+            if reason is not None:
+                msg = f'{msg} ({reason})'
+
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': msg,
+                'exception': exc,
+                'transport': self,
+                'protocol': self._protocol,
+            })
+
+    cdef inline _maybe_pause_protocol(self):
+        cdef:
+            size_t size = self._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+        if size <= self._high_water:
+            return
+
+        if not self._protocol_paused:
+            self._protocol_paused = 1
+            try:
+                # _maybe_pause_protocol() is always triggered from user-calls,
+                # so we must copy the context to avoid entering context twice
+                run_in_context(
+                    self.context.copy(), self._protocol.pause_writing,
+                )
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.pause_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self,
+                    'protocol': self._protocol,
+                })
+
+    cdef inline _maybe_resume_protocol(self):
+        cdef:
+            size_t size = self._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+        if self._protocol_paused and size <= self._low_water:
+            self._protocol_paused = 0
+            try:
+                # We're copying the context to avoid entering context twice,
+                # even though it's not always necessary to copy - it's easier
+                # to copy here than passing down a copied context.
+                run_in_context(
+                    self.context.copy(), self._protocol.resume_writing,
+                )
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.resume_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self,
+                    'protocol': self._protocol,
+                })
+
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self):
+        if self._waiter is not None:
+            if not self._waiter.cancelled():
+                if not self._is_alive():
+                    self._waiter.set_exception(
+                        RuntimeError(
+                            'closed Transport handle and unset waiter'))
+                else:
+                    self._waiter.set_result(True)
+            self._waiter = None
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self):
+        if self._protocol is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'protocol is not set, cannot call connection_made()')
+
+        # We use `_is_alive()` and not `_closing`, because we call
+        # `transport._close()` in `loop.create_connection()` if an
+        # exception happens during `await waiter`.
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            # A connection waiter can be cancelled between
+            # 'await loop.create_connection()' and
+            # `_schedule_call_connection_made` and
+            # the actual `_call_connection_made`.
+            self._wakeup_waiter()
+            return
+
+        # Set _protocol_connected to 1 before calling "connection_made":
+        # if transport is aborted or closed, "connection_lost" will
+        # still be scheduled.
+        self._protocol_connected = 1
+
+        try:
+            self._protocol.connection_made(self)
+        except BaseException:
+            self._wakeup_waiter()
+            raise
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            # This might happen when "transport.abort()" is called
+            # from "Protocol.connection_made".
+            self._wakeup_waiter()
+            return
+
+        self._start_reading()
+        self._wakeup_waiter()
+
+    cdef _call_connection_lost(self, exc):
+        if self._waiter is not None:
+            if not self._waiter.done():
+                self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
+            self._waiter = None
+
+        if self._closed:
+            # The handle is closed -- likely, _call_connection_lost
+            # was already called before.
+            return
+
+        try:
+            if self._protocol_connected:
+                self._protocol.connection_lost(exc)
+        finally:
+            self._clear_protocol()
+
+            self._close()
+
+            server = self._server
+            if server is not None:
+                (<Server>server)._detach()
+                self._server = None
+
+    cdef inline _set_server(self, Server server):
+        self._server = server
+        (<Server>server)._attach()
+
+    cdef inline _set_waiter(self, object waiter):
+        if waiter is not None and not isfuture(waiter):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'invalid waiter object {waiter!r}, expected asyncio.Future')
+
+        self._waiter = waiter
+
+    cdef _set_protocol(self, object protocol):
+        self._protocol = protocol
+        # Store a reference to the bound method directly
+        try:
+            self._protocol_data_received = protocol.data_received
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    cdef _clear_protocol(self):
+        self._protocol = None
+        self._protocol_data_received = None
+
+    cdef inline _init_protocol(self):
+        self._loop._track_transport(self)
+        if self._protocol is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('invalid _init_protocol call')
+        self._schedule_call_connection_made()
+
+    cdef inline _add_extra_info(self, str name, object obj):
+        if self._extra_info is None:
+            self._extra_info = {}
+        self._extra_info[name] = obj
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    cdef _start_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    cdef _stop_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    # === Public API ===
+
+    property _paused:
+        # Used by SSLProto.  Might be removed in the future.
+        def __get__(self):
+            return bool(not self._is_reading())
+
+    def get_protocol(self):
+        return self._protocol
+
+    def set_protocol(self, protocol):
+        self._set_protocol(protocol)
+        if self._is_reading():
+            self._stop_reading()
+            self._start_reading()
+
+    def _force_close(self, exc):
+        # Used by SSLProto.  Might be removed in the future.
+        if self._conn_lost or self._closed:
+            return
+        if not self._closing:
+            self._closing = 1
+            self._stop_reading()
+        self._conn_lost += 1
+        self._schedule_call_connection_lost(exc)
+
+    def abort(self):
+        self._force_close(None)
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._closing or self._closed:
+            return
+
+        self._closing = 1
+        self._stop_reading()
+
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            # The write buffer is empty
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            self._schedule_call_connection_lost(None)
+
+    def is_closing(self):
+        return self._closing
+
+    def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        return self._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+    def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        self._high_water, self._low_water = add_flowcontrol_defaults(
+            high, low, FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER)
+
+        self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+
+    def get_write_buffer_limits(self):
+        return (self._low_water, self._high_water)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        if self._extra_info is not None and name in self._extra_info:
+            return self._extra_info[name]
+        if name == 'socket':
+            return self._get_socket()
+        if name == 'sockname':
+            return self._get_socket().getsockname()
+        if name == 'peername':
+            try:
+                return self._get_socket().getpeername()
+            except socket_error:
+                return default
+        return default
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86cfd8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+cdef class UVCheck(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        Handle h
+        bint running
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h)
+
+    cdef inline stop(self)
+    cdef inline start(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVCheck new(Loop loop, Handle h)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a61c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/check.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVCheck(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_check_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_check_init(self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_check_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.h = h
+        self.running = 0
+
+    cdef inline stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_check_stop(<uv.uv_check_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef inline start(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            err = uv.uv_check_start(<uv.uv_check_t*>self._handle,
+                                    cb_check_callback)
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVCheck new(Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef UVCheck handle
+        handle = UVCheck.__new__(UVCheck)
+        handle._init(loop, h)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void cb_check_callback(
+    uv.uv_check_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVCheck callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVCheck check = <UVCheck> handle.data
+        Handle h = check.h
+    try:
+        h._run()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        check._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a32428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cdef class UVFSEvent(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        object callback
+        bint running
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, object callback, object context)
+    cdef _close(self)
+    cdef start(self, char* path, int flags)
+    cdef stop(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVFSEvent new(Loop loop, object callback, object context)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ed6433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/fsevent.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import enum
+
+
+class FileSystemEvent(enum.IntEnum):
+    RENAME = uv.UV_RENAME
+    CHANGE = uv.UV_CHANGE
+    RENAME_CHANGE = RENAME | CHANGE
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVFSEvent(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, object callback, object context):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+            sizeof(uv.uv_fs_event_t)
+        )
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_fs_event_init(
+            self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_fs_event_t*>self._handle
+        )
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.running = 0
+        self.callback = callback
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+    cdef start(self, char* path, int flags):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            err = uv.uv_fs_event_start(
+                <uv.uv_fs_event_t*>self._handle,
+                __uvfsevent_callback,
+                path,
+                flags,
+            )
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    cdef stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_fs_event_stop(<uv.uv_fs_event_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        try:
+            self.stop()
+        finally:
+            UVHandle._close(<UVHandle>self)
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self._close()
+
+    def cancelled(self):
+        return self.running == 0
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVFSEvent new(Loop loop, object callback, object context):
+        cdef UVFSEvent handle
+        handle = UVFSEvent.__new__(UVFSEvent)
+        handle._init(loop, callback, context)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void __uvfsevent_callback(
+    uv.uv_fs_event_t* handle,
+    const char *filename,
+    int events,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(
+        <uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVFSEvent callback"
+    ) == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVFSEvent fs_event = <UVFSEvent> handle.data
+        Handle h
+
+    try:
+        h = new_Handle(
+            fs_event._loop,
+            fs_event.callback,
+            (filename, FileSystemEvent(events)),
+            fs_event.context,
+        )
+        h._run()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        fs_event._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5af1c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+cdef class UVHandle:
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_handle_t *_handle
+        Loop _loop
+        readonly _source_traceback
+        bint _closed
+        bint _inited
+        object context
+
+        # Added to enable current UDPTransport implementation,
+        # which doesn't use libuv handles.
+        bint _has_handle
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _start_init(self, Loop loop)
+    cdef inline _abort_init(self)
+    cdef inline _finish_init(self)
+
+    cdef inline bint _is_alive(self)
+    cdef inline _ensure_alive(self)
+
+    cdef _error(self, exc, throw)
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=?)
+
+    cdef _warn_unclosed(self)
+
+    cdef _free(self)
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+
+cdef class UVSocketHandle(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        # Points to a Python file-object that should be closed
+        # when the transport is closing.  Used by pipes.  This
+        # should probably be refactored somehow.
+        object _fileobj
+        object __cached_socket
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef _fileno(self)
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self)
+    cdef inline _get_socket(self)
+    cdef inline _attach_fileobj(self, object file)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c96458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/handle.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+cdef class UVHandle:
+    """A base class for all libuv handles.
+
+    Automatically manages memory deallocation and closing.
+
+    Important:
+
+       1. call "_ensure_alive()" before calling any libuv functions on
+          your handles.
+
+       2. call "__ensure_handle_data" in *all* libuv handle callbacks.
+    """
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._closed = 0
+        self._inited = 0
+        self._has_handle = 1
+        self._handle = NULL
+        self._loop = None
+        self._source_traceback = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        raise TypeError(
+            '{} is not supposed to be instantiated from Python'.format(
+                self.__class__.__name__))
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self._loop is not None:
+                if self._inited:
+                    self._loop._debug_handles_current.subtract([
+                        self.__class__.__name__])
+            else:
+                # No "@cython.no_gc_clear" decorator on this UVHandle
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{} without @no_gc_clear; loop was set to None by GC'
+                    .format(self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return
+
+        # -> When we're at this point, something is wrong <-
+
+        if self._handle.loop is NULL:
+            # The handle wasn't initialized with "uv_{handle}_init"
+            self._closed = 1
+            self._free()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                '{} is open in __dealloc__ with loop set to NULL'
+                .format(self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        if self._closed:
+            # So _handle is not NULL and self._closed == 1?
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                '{}.__dealloc__: _handle is NULL, _closed == 1'.format(
+                    self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        # The handle is dealloced while open.  Let's try to close it.
+        # Situations when this is possible include unhandled exceptions,
+        # errors during Handle.__cinit__/__init__ etc.
+        if self._inited:
+            self._handle.data = NULL
+            uv.uv_close(self._handle, __uv_close_handle_cb)  # void; no errors
+            self._handle = NULL
+            self._warn_unclosed()
+        else:
+            # The handle was allocated, but not initialized
+            self._closed = 1
+            self._free()
+
+    cdef _free(self):
+        if self._handle == NULL:
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG and self._inited:
+            self._loop._debug_uv_handles_freed += 1
+
+        PyMem_RawFree(self._handle)
+        self._handle = NULL
+
+    cdef _warn_unclosed(self):
+        if self._source_traceback is not None:
+            try:
+                tb = ''.join(tb_format_list(self._source_traceback))
+                tb = 'object created at (most recent call last):\n{}'.format(
+                    tb.rstrip())
+            except Exception as ex:
+                msg = (
+                    'unclosed resource {!r}; could not serialize '
+                    'debug traceback: {}: {}'
+                ).format(self, type(ex).__name__, ex)
+            else:
+                msg = 'unclosed resource {!r}; {}'.format(self, tb)
+        else:
+            msg = 'unclosed resource {!r}'.format(self)
+        warnings_warn(msg, ResourceWarning)
+
+    cdef inline _abort_init(self):
+        if self._handle is not NULL:
+            self._free()
+
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                name = self.__class__.__name__
+                if self._inited:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_abort_init: {}._inited is set'.format(name))
+                if self._closed:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_abort_init: {}._closed is set'.format(name))
+        finally:
+            self._closed = 1
+
+    cdef inline _finish_init(self):
+        self._inited = 1
+        if self._has_handle == 1:
+            self._handle.data = <void*>self
+        if self._loop._debug:
+            self._source_traceback = extract_stack()
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            cls_name = self.__class__.__name__
+            self._loop._debug_uv_handles_total += 1
+            self._loop._debug_handles_total.update([cls_name])
+            self._loop._debug_handles_current.update([cls_name])
+
+    cdef inline _start_init(self, Loop loop):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self._loop is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._start_init can only be called once'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        self._loop = loop
+
+    cdef inline bint _is_alive(self):
+        cdef bint res
+        res = self._closed != 1 and self._inited == 1
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if res and self._has_handle == 1:
+                name = self.__class__.__name__
+                if self._handle is NULL:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _handle is NULL'.format(name))
+                if self._loop is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _loop is None'.format(name))
+                if self._handle.loop is not self._loop.uvloop:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _handle.loop is not '
+                        'initialized'.format(name))
+                if self._handle.data is not <void*>self:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '{} is alive, but _handle.data is not '
+                        'initialized'.format(name))
+        return res
+
+    cdef inline _ensure_alive(self):
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'unable to perform operation on {!r}; '
+                'the handler is closed'.format(self))
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        # Fatal error means an error that was returned by the
+        # underlying libuv handle function.  We usually can't
+        # recover from that, hence we just close the handle.
+        self._close()
+
+        if throw or self._loop is None:
+            raise exc
+        else:
+            self._loop._handle_exception(exc)
+
+    cdef _error(self, exc, throw):
+        # A non-fatal error is usually an error that was caught
+        # by the handler, but was originated in the client code
+        # (not in libuv).  In this case we either want to simply
+        # raise or log it.
+        if throw or self._loop is None:
+            raise exc
+        else:
+            self._loop._handle_exception(exc)
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = 1
+
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self._handle.data is NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._close: _handle.data is NULL'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if <object>self._handle.data is not self:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._close: _handle.data is not UVHandle/self'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if uv.uv_is_closing(self._handle):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}._close: uv_is_closing() is true'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        # We want the handle wrapper (UVHandle) to stay alive until
+        # the closing callback fires.
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+        uv.uv_close(self._handle, __uv_close_handle_cb)  # void; no errors
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} closed={} {:#x}>'.format(
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self._closed,
+            id(self))
+
+
+cdef class UVSocketHandle(UVHandle):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._fileobj = None
+        self.__cached_socket = None
+
+    cdef _fileno(self):
+        cdef:
+            int fd
+            int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_fileno(self._handle, <uv.uv_os_fd_t*>&fd)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        return fd
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    cdef inline _get_socket(self):
+        if self.__cached_socket is not None:
+            return self.__cached_socket
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            return None
+
+        self.__cached_socket = self._new_socket()
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            # We don't "dup" for the "__cached_socket".
+            assert self.__cached_socket.fileno() == self._fileno()
+        return self.__cached_socket
+
+    cdef inline _attach_fileobj(self, object file):
+        # When we create a TCP/PIPE/etc connection/server based on
+        # a Python file object, we need to close the file object when
+        # the uv handle is closed.
+        socket_inc_io_ref(file)
+        self._fileobj = file
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        if self.__cached_socket is not None:
+            (<PseudoSocket>self.__cached_socket)._fd = -1
+
+        UVHandle._close(self)
+
+        try:
+            # This code will only run for transports created from
+            # Python sockets, i.e. with `loop.create_server(sock=sock)` etc.
+            if self._fileobj is not None:
+                if isinstance(self._fileobj, socket_socket):
+                    # Detaching the socket object is the ideal solution:
+                    # * libuv will actually close the FD;
+                    # * detach() call will reset FD for the Python socket
+                    #   object, which means that it won't be closed 2nd time
+                    #   when the socket object is GCed.
+                    #
+                    # No need to call `socket_dec_io_ref()`, as
+                    # `socket.detach()` ignores `socket._io_refs`.
+                    self._fileobj.detach()
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        # `socket.close()` will raise an EBADF because libuv
+                        # has already closed the underlying FD.
+                        self._fileobj.close()
+                    except OSError as ex:
+                        if ex.errno != errno_EBADF:
+                            raise
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'exception': ex,
+                'transport': self,
+                'message': f'could not close attached file object '
+                           f'{self._fileobj!r}',
+            })
+        finally:
+            self._fileobj = None
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+cdef inline bint __ensure_handle_data(uv.uv_handle_t* handle,
+                                      const char* handle_ctx):
+
+    cdef Loop loop
+
+    if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+        if handle.loop is NULL:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'handle.loop is NULL in __ensure_handle_data')
+
+        if handle.loop.data is NULL:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'handle.loop.data is NULL in __ensure_handle_data')
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        loop = <Loop>handle.loop.data
+        loop.call_exception_handler({
+            'message': '{} called with handle.data == NULL'.format(
+                handle_ctx.decode('latin-1'))
+        })
+        return 0
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        # The underlying UVHandle object was GCed with an open uv_handle_t.
+        loop = <Loop>handle.loop.data
+        loop.call_exception_handler({
+            'message': '{} called after destroying the UVHandle'.format(
+                handle_ctx.decode('latin-1'))
+        })
+        return 0
+
+    return 1
+
+
+cdef void __uv_close_handle_cb(uv.uv_handle_t* handle) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef UVHandle h
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        # The original UVHandle is long dead. Just free the mem of
+        # the uv_handle_t* handler.
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if handle.loop == NULL or handle.loop.data == NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '__uv_close_handle_cb: handle.loop is invalid')
+            (<Loop>handle.loop.data)._debug_uv_handles_freed += 1
+
+        PyMem_RawFree(handle)
+    else:
+        h = <UVHandle>handle.data
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if not h._has_handle:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        'has_handle=0 in __uv_close_handle_cb')
+                h._loop._debug_handles_closed.update([
+                    h.__class__.__name__])
+            h._free()
+        finally:
+            Py_DECREF(h)  # Was INCREFed in UVHandle._close
+
+
+cdef void __close_all_handles(Loop loop) noexcept:
+    uv.uv_walk(loop.uvloop,
+               __uv_walk_close_all_handles_cb,
+               <void*>loop)  # void
+
+
+cdef void __uv_walk_close_all_handles_cb(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* handle,
+    void* arg,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    cdef:
+        Loop loop = <Loop>arg
+        UVHandle h
+
+    if uv.uv_is_closing(handle):
+        # The handle is closed or is closing.
+        return
+
+    if handle.data is NULL:
+        # This shouldn't happen. Ever.
+        loop.call_exception_handler({
+            'message': 'handle.data is NULL in __close_all_handles_cb'
+        })
+        return
+
+    h = <UVHandle>handle.data
+    if not h._closed:
+        h._warn_unclosed()
+        h._close()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf7b19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+cdef class UVIdle(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        Handle h
+        bint running
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h)
+
+    cdef inline stop(self)
+    cdef inline start(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVIdle new(Loop loop, Handle h)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c641f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/idle.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVIdle(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_idle_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_idle_init(self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_idle_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.h = h
+        self.running = 0
+
+    cdef inline stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_idle_stop(<uv.uv_idle_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef inline start(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            err = uv.uv_idle_start(<uv.uv_idle_t*>self._handle,
+                                   cb_idle_callback)
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVIdle new(Loop loop, Handle h):
+        cdef UVIdle handle
+        handle = UVIdle.__new__(UVIdle)
+        handle._init(loop, h)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void cb_idle_callback(
+    uv.uv_idle_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVIdle callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVIdle idle = <UVIdle> handle.data
+        Handle h = idle.h
+    try:
+        h._run()
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        idle._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56fc265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+cdef class UnixServer(UVStreamServer):
+
+    cdef bind(self, str path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                        object backlog,
+                        object ssl,
+                        object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                        object ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+
+cdef class UnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                           object waiter, object context)
+
+    cdef connect(self, char* addr)
+
+
+cdef class ReadUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef ReadUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                               object waiter)
+
+
+cdef class WriteUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef WriteUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                                object waiter)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b95ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/pipe.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+cdef __pipe_init_uv_handle(UVStream handle, Loop loop):
+    cdef int err
+
+    handle._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_pipe_t))
+    if handle._handle is NULL:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise MemoryError()
+
+    # Initialize pipe handle with ipc=0.
+    # ipc=1 means that libuv will use recvmsg/sendmsg
+    # instead of recv/send.
+    err = uv.uv_pipe_init(handle._loop.uvloop,
+                          <uv.uv_pipe_t*>handle._handle,
+                          0)
+    # UV_HANDLE_READABLE allows calling uv_read_start() on this pipe
+    # even if it is O_WRONLY, see also #317, libuv/libuv#2058
+    handle._handle.flags |= uv.UV_INTERNAL_HANDLE_READABLE
+    if err < 0:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+    handle._finish_init()
+
+
+cdef __pipe_open(UVStream handle, int fd):
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_pipe_open(<uv.uv_pipe_t *>handle._handle,
+                          <uv.uv_os_fd_t>fd)
+    if err < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(err)
+        raise exc
+
+
+cdef __pipe_get_socket(UVSocketHandle handle):
+    fileno = handle._fileno()
+    return PseudoSocket(uv.AF_UNIX, uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, fileno)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UnixServer(UVStreamServer):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                        object backlog,
+                        object ssl,
+                        object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                        object ssl_shutdown_timeout):
+
+        cdef UnixServer handle
+        handle = UnixServer.__new__(UnixServer)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol_factory, server, backlog,
+                     ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout, ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+        self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef bind(self, str path):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_pipe_bind(<uv.uv_pipe_t *>self._handle,
+                              path.encode())
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context):
+        cdef UnixTransport tr
+        tr = UnixTransport.new(self._loop, protocol, self._server, waiter,
+                               context)
+        return <UVStream>tr
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        sock = self._fileobj
+        if sock is not None and sock in self._loop._unix_server_sockets:
+            path = sock.getsockname()
+        else:
+            path = None
+
+        UVStreamServer._close(self)
+
+        if path is not None:
+            prev_ino = self._loop._unix_server_sockets[sock]
+            del self._loop._unix_server_sockets[sock]
+            try:
+                if os_stat(path).st_ino == prev_ino:
+                    os_unlink(path)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+            except OSError as err:
+                aio_logger.error('Unable to clean up listening UNIX socket '
+                                 '%r: %r', path, err)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                           object waiter, object context):
+
+        cdef UnixTransport handle
+        handle = UnixTransport.__new__(UnixTransport)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, context)
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    cdef connect(self, char* addr):
+        cdef _PipeConnectRequest req
+        req = _PipeConnectRequest(self._loop, self)
+        req.connect(addr)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class ReadUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef ReadUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                               object waiter):
+        cdef ReadUnixTransport handle
+        handle = ReadUnixTransport.__new__(ReadUnixTransport)
+        # This is only used in connect_read_pipe() and subprocess_shell/exec()
+        # directly, we could simply copy the current context.
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, Context_CopyCurrent())
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    def get_write_buffer_limits(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def writelines(self, list_of_data):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def write_eof(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def can_write_eof(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def abort(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class WriteUnixTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef WriteUnixTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                                object waiter):
+        cdef WriteUnixTransport handle
+        handle = WriteUnixTransport.__new__(WriteUnixTransport)
+
+        # We listen for read events on write-end of the pipe. When
+        # the read-end is close, the uv_stream_t.read callback will
+        # receive an error -- we want to silence that error, and just
+        # close the transport.
+        handle._close_on_read_error()
+
+        # This is only used in connect_write_pipe() and subprocess_shell/exec()
+        # directly, we could simply copy the current context.
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, Context_CopyCurrent())
+        __pipe_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __pipe_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        __pipe_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    def pause_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def resume_reading(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+cdef class _PipeConnectRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        UnixTransport transport
+        uv.uv_connect_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, loop, transport):
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*> &self._req_data
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+        self.transport = transport
+
+    cdef connect(self, char* addr):
+        # uv_pipe_connect returns void
+        uv.uv_pipe_connect(<uv.uv_connect_t*>self.request,
+                           <uv.uv_pipe_t*>self.transport._handle,
+                           addr,
+                           __pipe_connect_callback)
+
+cdef void __pipe_connect_callback(
+    uv.uv_connect_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        _PipeConnectRequest wrapper
+        UnixTransport transport
+
+    wrapper = <_PipeConnectRequest> req.data
+    transport = wrapper.transport
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+    else:
+        exc = None
+
+    try:
+        transport._on_connect(exc)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        wrapper.transport._fatal_error(ex, False)
+    finally:
+        wrapper.on_done()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c220540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+cdef class UVPoll(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        int fd
+        Handle reading_handle
+        Handle writing_handle
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, int fd)
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+    cdef inline _poll_start(self, int flags)
+    cdef inline _poll_stop(self)
+
+    cdef int is_active(self) noexcept
+
+    cdef is_reading(self)
+    cdef is_writing(self)
+
+    cdef start_reading(self, Handle callback)
+    cdef start_writing(self, Handle callback)
+    cdef stop_reading(self)
+    cdef stop_writing(self)
+    cdef stop(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVPoll new(Loop loop, int fd)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c905e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/poll.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVPoll(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, int fd):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_poll_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_poll_init(self._loop.uvloop,
+                              <uv.uv_poll_t *>self._handle, fd)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.reading_handle = None
+        self.writing_handle = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVPoll new(Loop loop, int fd):
+        cdef UVPoll handle
+        handle = UVPoll.__new__(UVPoll)
+        handle._init(loop, fd)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef int is_active(self) noexcept:
+        return (self.reading_handle is not None or
+                self.writing_handle is not None)
+
+    cdef inline _poll_start(self, int flags):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_poll_start(
+            <uv.uv_poll_t*>self._handle,
+            flags,
+            __on_uvpoll_event)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    cdef inline _poll_stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            return
+
+        err = uv.uv_poll_stop(<uv.uv_poll_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        cdef:
+            int backend_id
+            system.epoll_event dummy_event
+
+        if system.PLATFORM_IS_LINUX:
+            # libuv doesn't remove the FD from epoll immediately
+            # after uv_poll_stop or uv_poll_close, causing hard
+            # to debug issue with dup-ed file descriptors causing
+            # CPU burn in epoll/epoll_ctl:
+            #    https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/61
+            #
+            # It's safe though to manually call epoll_ctl here,
+            # after calling uv_poll_stop.
+
+            backend_id = uv.uv_backend_fd(self._loop.uvloop)
+            if backend_id != -1:
+                memset(&dummy_event, 0, sizeof(dummy_event))
+                system.epoll_ctl(
+                    backend_id,
+                    system.EPOLL_CTL_DEL,
+                    self.fd,
+                    &dummy_event)  # ignore errors
+
+    cdef is_reading(self):
+        return self._is_alive() and self.reading_handle is not None
+
+    cdef is_writing(self):
+        return self._is_alive() and self.writing_handle is not None
+
+    cdef start_reading(self, Handle callback):
+        cdef:
+            int mask = 0
+
+        if self.reading_handle is None:
+            # not reading right now, setup the handle
+
+            mask = uv.UV_READABLE
+            if self.writing_handle is not None:
+                # are we writing right now?
+                mask |= uv.UV_WRITABLE
+
+            self._poll_start(mask)
+        else:
+            self.reading_handle._cancel()
+
+        self.reading_handle = callback
+
+    cdef start_writing(self, Handle callback):
+        cdef:
+            int mask = 0
+
+        if self.writing_handle is None:
+            # not writing right now, setup the handle
+
+            mask = uv.UV_WRITABLE
+            if self.reading_handle is not None:
+                # are we reading right now?
+                mask |= uv.UV_READABLE
+
+            self._poll_start(mask)
+        else:
+            self.writing_handle._cancel()
+
+        self.writing_handle = callback
+
+    cdef stop_reading(self):
+        if self.reading_handle is None:
+            return False
+
+        self.reading_handle._cancel()
+        self.reading_handle = None
+
+        if self.writing_handle is None:
+            self.stop()
+        else:
+            self._poll_start(uv.UV_WRITABLE)
+
+        return True
+
+    cdef stop_writing(self):
+        if self.writing_handle is None:
+            return False
+
+        self.writing_handle._cancel()
+        self.writing_handle = None
+
+        if self.reading_handle is None:
+            self.stop()
+        else:
+            self._poll_start(uv.UV_READABLE)
+
+        return True
+
+    cdef stop(self):
+        if self.reading_handle is not None:
+            self.reading_handle._cancel()
+            self.reading_handle = None
+
+        if self.writing_handle is not None:
+            self.writing_handle._cancel()
+            self.writing_handle = None
+
+        self._poll_stop()
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        if self.is_active():
+            self.stop()
+
+        UVHandle._close(<UVHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        try:
+            if self.reading_handle is not None:
+                try:
+                    self.reading_handle._run()
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    self._loop._handle_exception(ex)
+                self.reading_handle = None
+
+            if self.writing_handle is not None:
+                try:
+                    self.writing_handle._run()
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    self._loop._handle_exception(ex)
+                self.writing_handle = None
+
+        finally:
+            self._close()
+
+
+cdef void __on_uvpoll_event(
+    uv.uv_poll_t* handle,
+    int status,
+    int events,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVPoll callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVPoll poll = <UVPoll> handle.data
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        poll._fatal_error(exc, False)
+        return
+
+    if ((events & (uv.UV_READABLE | uv.UV_DISCONNECT)) and
+            poll.reading_handle is not None):
+
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_read_events_total += 1
+            poll.reading_handle._run()
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_read_cb_errors_total += 1
+            poll._error(ex, False)
+            # continue code execution
+
+    if ((events & (uv.UV_WRITABLE | uv.UV_DISCONNECT)) and
+            poll.writing_handle is not None):
+
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_write_events_total += 1
+            poll.writing_handle._run()
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                poll._loop._poll_write_cb_errors_total += 1
+            poll._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..970abcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+cdef class UVProcess(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        object _returncode
+        object _pid
+
+        object _errpipe_read
+        object _errpipe_write
+        object _preexec_fn
+        bint _restore_signals
+
+        list _fds_to_close
+
+        # Attributes used to compose uv_process_options_t:
+        uv.uv_process_options_t options
+        uv.uv_stdio_container_t[3] iocnt
+        list __env
+        char **uv_opt_env
+        list __args
+        char **uv_opt_args
+        char *uv_opt_file
+        bytes __cwd
+
+    cdef _close_process_handle(self)
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, list args, dict env, cwd,
+               start_new_session,
+               _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, pass_fds,
+               debug_flags, preexec_fn, restore_signals)
+
+    cdef _after_fork(self)
+
+    cdef char** __to_cstring_array(self, list arr)
+    cdef _init_args(self, list args)
+    cdef _init_env(self, dict env)
+    cdef _init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr)
+    cdef _init_options(self, list args, dict env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                       _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, bint force_fork)
+
+    cdef _close_after_spawn(self, int fd)
+
+    cdef _on_exit(self, int64_t exit_status, int term_signal)
+    cdef _kill(self, int signum)
+
+
+cdef class UVProcessTransport(UVProcess):
+    cdef:
+        list _exit_waiters
+        list _init_futs
+        bint _stdio_ready
+        list _pending_calls
+        object _protocol
+        bint _finished
+
+        WriteUnixTransport _stdin
+        ReadUnixTransport _stdout
+        ReadUnixTransport _stderr
+
+        object stdin_proto
+        object stdout_proto
+        object stderr_proto
+
+    cdef _file_redirect_stdio(self, int fd)
+    cdef _file_devnull(self)
+    cdef _file_inpipe(self)
+    cdef _file_outpipe(self)
+
+    cdef _check_proc(self)
+    cdef _pipe_connection_lost(self, int fd, exc)
+    cdef _pipe_data_received(self, int fd, data)
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self, waiter)
+    cdef _try_finish(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVProcessTransport new(Loop loop, protocol, args, env, cwd,
+                                start_new_session,
+                                _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, pass_fds,
+                                waiter,
+                                debug_flags,
+                                preexec_fn, restore_signals)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b982a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/process.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVProcess(UVHandle):
+    """Abstract class; wrapper over uv_process_t handle."""
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.uv_opt_env = NULL
+        self.uv_opt_args = NULL
+        self._returncode = None
+        self._pid = None
+        self._fds_to_close = list()
+        self._preexec_fn = None
+        self._restore_signals = True
+        self.context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+    cdef _close_process_handle(self):
+        # XXX: This is a workaround for a libuv bug:
+        # - https://github.com/libuv/libuv/issues/1933
+        # - https://github.com/libuv/libuv/pull/551
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return
+        self._handle.data = NULL
+        uv.uv_close(self._handle, __uv_close_process_handle_cb)
+        self._handle = NULL  # close callback will free() the memory
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, list args, dict env,
+               cwd, start_new_session,
+               _stdin, _stdout, _stderr,  # std* can be defined as macros in C
+               pass_fds, debug_flags, preexec_fn, restore_signals):
+
+        global __forking
+        global __forking_loop
+        global __forkHandler
+
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+            sizeof(uv.uv_process_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        # Too early to call _finish_init, but still a lot of work to do.
+        # Let's set handle.data to NULL, so in case something goes wrong,
+        # callbacks have a chance to avoid casting *something* into UVHandle.
+        self._handle.data = NULL
+
+        force_fork = False
+        if system.PLATFORM_IS_APPLE and not (
+            preexec_fn is None
+            and not pass_fds
+        ):
+            # see _execute_child() in CPython/subprocess.py
+            force_fork = True
+
+        try:
+            self._init_options(args, env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                               _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, force_fork)
+
+            restore_inheritable = set()
+            if pass_fds:
+                for fd in pass_fds:
+                    if not os_get_inheritable(fd):
+                        restore_inheritable.add(fd)
+                        os_set_inheritable(fd, True)
+        except Exception:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise
+
+        if __forking or loop.active_process_handler is not None:
+            # Our pthread_atfork handlers won't work correctly when
+            # another loop is forking in another thread (even though
+            # GIL should help us to avoid that.)
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'Racing with another loop to spawn a process.')
+
+        self._errpipe_read, self._errpipe_write = os_pipe()
+        fds_to_close = self._fds_to_close
+        self._fds_to_close = None
+        fds_to_close.append(self._errpipe_read)
+        # add the write pipe last so we can close it early
+        fds_to_close.append(self._errpipe_write)
+        try:
+            os_set_inheritable(self._errpipe_write, True)
+
+            self._preexec_fn = preexec_fn
+            self._restore_signals = restore_signals
+
+            loop.active_process_handler = self
+            __forking = 1
+            __forking_loop = loop
+            system.setForkHandler(<system.OnForkHandler>&__get_fork_handler)
+
+            PyOS_BeforeFork()
+
+            err = uv.uv_spawn(loop.uvloop,
+                              <uv.uv_process_t*>self._handle,
+                              &self.options)
+
+            __forking = 0
+            __forking_loop = None
+            system.resetForkHandler()
+            loop.active_process_handler = None
+
+            PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
+
+            if err < 0:
+                self._close_process_handle()
+                self._abort_init()
+                raise convert_error(err)
+
+            self._finish_init()
+
+            # close the write pipe early
+            os_close(fds_to_close.pop())
+
+            if preexec_fn is not None:
+                errpipe_data = bytearray()
+                while True:
+                    # XXX: This is a blocking code that has to be
+                    # rewritten (using loop.connect_read_pipe() or
+                    # otherwise.)
+                    part = os_read(self._errpipe_read, 50000)
+                    errpipe_data += part
+                    if not part or len(errpipe_data) > 50000:
+                        break
+
+        finally:
+            while fds_to_close:
+                os_close(fds_to_close.pop())
+
+            for fd in restore_inheritable:
+                os_set_inheritable(fd, False)
+
+        # asyncio caches the PID in BaseSubprocessTransport,
+        # so that the transport knows what the PID was even
+        # after the process is finished.
+        self._pid = (<uv.uv_process_t*>self._handle).pid
+
+        # Track the process handle (create a strong ref to it)
+        # to guarantee that __dealloc__ doesn't happen in an
+        # uncontrolled fashion.  We want to wait until the process
+        # exits and libuv calls __uvprocess_on_exit_callback,
+        # which will call `UVProcess._close()`, which will, in turn,
+        # untrack this handle.
+        self._loop._track_process(self)
+
+        if debug_flags & __PROCESS_DEBUG_SLEEP_AFTER_FORK:
+            time_sleep(1)
+
+        if preexec_fn is not None and errpipe_data:
+            # preexec_fn has raised an exception.  The child
+            # process must be dead now.
+            try:
+                exc_name, exc_msg = errpipe_data.split(b':', 1)
+                exc_name = exc_name.decode()
+                exc_msg = exc_msg.decode()
+            except Exception:
+                self._close()
+                raise subprocess_SubprocessError(
+                    'Bad exception data from child: {!r}'.format(
+                        errpipe_data))
+            exc_cls = getattr(__builtins__, exc_name,
+                              subprocess_SubprocessError)
+
+            exc = subprocess_SubprocessError(
+                'Exception occurred in preexec_fn.')
+            exc.__cause__ = exc_cls(exc_msg)
+            self._close()
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef _after_fork(self):
+        # See CPython/_posixsubprocess.c for details
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._restore_signals:
+            _Py_RestoreSignals()
+
+        PyOS_AfterFork_Child()
+
+        err = uv.uv_loop_fork(self._loop.uvloop)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        if self._preexec_fn is not None:
+            try:
+                gc_disable()
+                self._preexec_fn()
+            except BaseException as ex:
+                try:
+                    with open(self._errpipe_write, 'wb') as f:
+                        f.write(str(ex.__class__.__name__).encode())
+                        f.write(b':')
+                        f.write(str(ex.args[0]).encode())
+                finally:
+                    system._exit(255)
+                    return
+            else:
+                os_close(self._errpipe_write)
+        else:
+            os_close(self._errpipe_write)
+
+    cdef _close_after_spawn(self, int fd):
+        if self._fds_to_close is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'UVProcess._close_after_spawn called after uv_spawn')
+        self._fds_to_close.append(fd)
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if self.uv_opt_env is not NULL:
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.uv_opt_env)
+            self.uv_opt_env = NULL
+
+        if self.uv_opt_args is not NULL:
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.uv_opt_args)
+            self.uv_opt_args = NULL
+
+    cdef char** __to_cstring_array(self, list arr):
+        cdef:
+            int i
+            ssize_t arr_len = len(arr)
+            bytes el
+
+            char **ret
+
+        ret = <char **>PyMem_RawMalloc((arr_len + 1) * sizeof(char *))
+        if ret is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        for i in range(arr_len):
+            el = arr[i]
+            # NB: PyBytes_AsString doesn't copy the data;
+            # we have to be careful when the "arr" is GCed,
+            # and it shouldn't be ever mutated.
+            ret[i] = PyBytes_AsString(el)
+
+        ret[arr_len] = NULL
+        return ret
+
+    cdef _init_options(self, list args, dict env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                       _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, bint force_fork):
+
+        memset(&self.options, 0, sizeof(uv.uv_process_options_t))
+
+        self._init_env(env)
+        self.options.env = self.uv_opt_env
+
+        self._init_args(args)
+        self.options.file = self.uv_opt_file
+        self.options.args = self.uv_opt_args
+
+        if start_new_session:
+            self.options.flags |= uv.UV_PROCESS_DETACHED
+
+        if force_fork:
+            # This is a hack to work around the change in libuv 1.44:
+            #    > macos: use posix_spawn instead of fork
+            # where Python subprocess options like preexec_fn are
+            # crippled. CPython only uses posix_spawn under a pretty
+            # strict list of conditions (see subprocess.py), and falls
+            # back to using fork() otherwise. We'd like to simulate such
+            # behavior with libuv, but unfortunately libuv doesn't
+            # provide explicit API to choose such implementation detail.
+            # Based on current (libuv 1.46) behavior, setting
+            # UV_PROCESS_SETUID or UV_PROCESS_SETGID would reliably make
+            # libuv fallback to use fork, so let's just use it for now.
+            self.options.flags |= uv.UV_PROCESS_SETUID
+            self.options.uid = uv.getuid()
+
+        if cwd is not None:
+            cwd = os_fspath(cwd)
+
+            if isinstance(cwd, str):
+                cwd = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(cwd)
+            if not isinstance(cwd, bytes):
+                raise ValueError('cwd must be a str or bytes object')
+
+            self.__cwd = cwd
+            self.options.cwd = PyBytes_AsString(self.__cwd)
+
+        self.options.exit_cb = &__uvprocess_on_exit_callback
+
+        self._init_files(_stdin, _stdout, _stderr)
+
+    cdef _init_args(self, list args):
+        cdef:
+            bytes path
+            int an = len(args)
+
+        if an < 1:
+            raise ValueError('cannot spawn a process: args are empty')
+
+        self.__args = args.copy()
+        for i in range(an):
+            arg = os_fspath(args[i])
+            if isinstance(arg, str):
+                self.__args[i] = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(arg)
+            elif not isinstance(arg, bytes):
+                raise TypeError('all args must be str or bytes')
+
+        path = self.__args[0]
+        self.uv_opt_file = PyBytes_AsString(path)
+        self.uv_opt_args = self.__to_cstring_array(self.__args)
+
+    cdef _init_env(self, dict env):
+        if env is not None:
+            self.__env = list()
+            for key in env:
+                val = env[key]
+
+                if isinstance(key, str):
+                    key = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(key)
+                elif not isinstance(key, bytes):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'all environment vars must be bytes or str')
+
+                if isinstance(val, str):
+                    val = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(val)
+                elif not isinstance(val, bytes):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'all environment values must be bytes or str')
+
+                self.__env.append(key + b'=' + val)
+
+            self.uv_opt_env = self.__to_cstring_array(self.__env)
+        else:
+            self.__env = None
+
+    cdef _init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr):
+        self.options.stdio_count = 0
+
+    cdef _kill(self, int signum):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_process_kill(<uv.uv_process_t*>self._handle, signum)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    cdef _on_exit(self, int64_t exit_status, int term_signal):
+        if term_signal:
+            # From Python docs:
+            #    A negative value -N indicates that the child was
+            #    terminated by signal N (POSIX only).
+            self._returncode = -term_signal
+        else:
+            self._returncode = exit_status
+
+        self._close()
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        try:
+            if self._loop is not None:
+                self._loop._untrack_process(self)
+        finally:
+            UVHandle._close(self)
+
+
+DEF _CALL_PIPE_DATA_RECEIVED = 0
+DEF _CALL_PIPE_CONNECTION_LOST = 1
+DEF _CALL_PROCESS_EXITED = 2
+DEF _CALL_CONNECTION_LOST = 3
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVProcessTransport(UVProcess):
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._exit_waiters = []
+        self._protocol = None
+
+        self._init_futs = []
+        self._pending_calls = []
+        self._stdio_ready = 0
+
+        self._stdin = self._stdout = self._stderr = None
+        self.stdin_proto = self.stdout_proto = self.stderr_proto = None
+
+        self._finished = 0
+
+    cdef _on_exit(self, int64_t exit_status, int term_signal):
+        UVProcess._on_exit(self, exit_status, term_signal)
+
+        if self._stdio_ready:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.process_exited,
+                                 context=self.context)
+        else:
+            self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_PROCESS_EXITED, None, None))
+
+        self._try_finish()
+
+        for waiter in self._exit_waiters:
+            if not waiter.cancelled():
+                waiter.set_result(self._returncode)
+        self._exit_waiters.clear()
+
+        self._close()
+
+    cdef _check_proc(self):
+        if not self._is_alive() or self._returncode is not None:
+            raise ProcessLookupError()
+
+    cdef _pipe_connection_lost(self, int fd, exc):
+        if self._stdio_ready:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.pipe_connection_lost, fd, exc,
+                                 context=self.context)
+            self._try_finish()
+        else:
+            self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_PIPE_CONNECTION_LOST, fd, exc))
+
+    cdef _pipe_data_received(self, int fd, data):
+        if self._stdio_ready:
+            self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.pipe_data_received, fd, data,
+                                 context=self.context)
+        else:
+            self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_PIPE_DATA_RECEIVED, fd, data))
+
+    cdef _file_redirect_stdio(self, int fd):
+        fd = os_dup(fd)
+        os_set_inheritable(fd, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(fd)
+        return fd
+
+    cdef _file_devnull(self):
+        dn = os_open(os_devnull, os_O_RDWR)
+        os_set_inheritable(dn, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(dn)
+        return dn
+
+    cdef _file_outpipe(self):
+        r, w = __socketpair()
+        os_set_inheritable(w, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(w)
+        return r, w
+
+    cdef _file_inpipe(self):
+        r, w = __socketpair()
+        os_set_inheritable(r, True)
+        self._close_after_spawn(r)
+        return r, w
+
+    cdef _init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr):
+        cdef uv.uv_stdio_container_t *iocnt
+
+        UVProcess._init_files(self, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr)
+
+        io = [None, None, None]
+
+        self.options.stdio_count = 3
+        self.options.stdio = self.iocnt
+
+        if _stdin is not None:
+            if _stdin == subprocess_PIPE:
+                r, w = self._file_inpipe()
+                io[0] = r
+
+                self.stdin_proto = WriteSubprocessPipeProto(self, 0)
+                waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+                self._stdin = WriteUnixTransport.new(
+                    self._loop, self.stdin_proto, None, waiter)
+                self._init_futs.append(waiter)
+                self._stdin._open(w)
+                self._stdin._init_protocol()
+            elif _stdin == subprocess_DEVNULL:
+                io[0] = self._file_devnull()
+            elif _stdout == subprocess_STDOUT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'subprocess.STDOUT is supported only by stderr parameter')
+            else:
+                io[0] = self._file_redirect_stdio(_stdin)
+        else:
+            io[0] = self._file_redirect_stdio(0)
+
+        if _stdout is not None:
+            if _stdout == subprocess_PIPE:
+                # We can't use UV_CREATE_PIPE here, since 'stderr' might be
+                # set to 'subprocess.STDOUT', and there is no way to
+                # emulate that functionality with libuv high-level
+                # streams API. Therefore, we create pipes for stdout and
+                # stderr manually.
+
+                r, w = self._file_outpipe()
+                io[1] = w
+
+                self.stdout_proto = ReadSubprocessPipeProto(self, 1)
+                waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+                self._stdout = ReadUnixTransport.new(
+                    self._loop, self.stdout_proto, None, waiter)
+                self._init_futs.append(waiter)
+                self._stdout._open(r)
+                self._stdout._init_protocol()
+            elif _stdout == subprocess_DEVNULL:
+                io[1] = self._file_devnull()
+            elif _stdout == subprocess_STDOUT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'subprocess.STDOUT is supported only by stderr parameter')
+            else:
+                io[1] = self._file_redirect_stdio(_stdout)
+        else:
+            io[1] = self._file_redirect_stdio(1)
+
+        if _stderr is not None:
+            if _stderr == subprocess_PIPE:
+                r, w = self._file_outpipe()
+                io[2] = w
+
+                self.stderr_proto = ReadSubprocessPipeProto(self, 2)
+                waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+                self._stderr = ReadUnixTransport.new(
+                    self._loop, self.stderr_proto, None, waiter)
+                self._init_futs.append(waiter)
+                self._stderr._open(r)
+                self._stderr._init_protocol()
+            elif _stderr == subprocess_STDOUT:
+                if io[1] is None:
+                    # shouldn't ever happen
+                    raise RuntimeError('cannot apply subprocess.STDOUT')
+
+                io[2] = self._file_redirect_stdio(io[1])
+            elif _stderr == subprocess_DEVNULL:
+                io[2] = self._file_devnull()
+            else:
+                io[2] = self._file_redirect_stdio(_stderr)
+        else:
+            io[2] = self._file_redirect_stdio(2)
+
+        assert len(io) == 3
+        for idx in range(3):
+            iocnt = &self.iocnt[idx]
+            if io[idx] is not None:
+                iocnt.flags = uv.UV_INHERIT_FD
+                iocnt.data.fd = io[idx]
+            else:
+                iocnt.flags = uv.UV_IGNORE
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self, waiter):
+        try:
+            # we're always called in the right context, so just call the user's
+            self._protocol.connection_made(self)
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if waiter is not None and not waiter.cancelled():
+                waiter.set_exception(ex)
+            else:
+                raise
+        else:
+            if waiter is not None and not waiter.cancelled():
+                waiter.set_result(True)
+
+        self._stdio_ready = 1
+        if self._pending_calls:
+            pending_calls = self._pending_calls.copy()
+            self._pending_calls.clear()
+            for (type, fd, arg) in pending_calls:
+                if type == _CALL_PIPE_CONNECTION_LOST:
+                    self._pipe_connection_lost(fd, arg)
+                elif type == _CALL_PIPE_DATA_RECEIVED:
+                    self._pipe_data_received(fd, arg)
+                elif type == _CALL_PROCESS_EXITED:
+                    self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.process_exited)
+                elif type == _CALL_CONNECTION_LOST:
+                    self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.connection_lost, None)
+
+    cdef _try_finish(self):
+        if self._returncode is None or self._finished:
+            return
+
+        if ((self.stdin_proto is None or self.stdin_proto.disconnected) and
+                (self.stdout_proto is None or
+                    self.stdout_proto.disconnected) and
+                (self.stderr_proto is None or
+                    self.stderr_proto.disconnected)):
+
+            self._finished = 1
+
+            if self._stdio_ready:
+                # copy self.context for simplicity
+                self._loop.call_soon(self._protocol.connection_lost, None,
+                                     context=self.context)
+            else:
+                self._pending_calls.append((_CALL_CONNECTION_LOST, None, None))
+
+    def __stdio_inited(self, waiter, stdio_fut):
+        exc = stdio_fut.exception()
+        if exc is not None:
+            if waiter is None:
+                raise exc
+            else:
+                waiter.set_exception(exc)
+        else:
+            self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+                new_MethodHandle1(self._loop,
+                                  "UVProcessTransport._call_connection_made",
+                                  <method1_t>self._call_connection_made,
+                                  None,  # means to copy the current context
+                                  self, waiter))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVProcessTransport new(Loop loop, protocol, args, env,
+                                cwd, start_new_session,
+                                _stdin, _stdout, _stderr, pass_fds,
+                                waiter,
+                                debug_flags,
+                                preexec_fn,
+                                restore_signals):
+
+        cdef UVProcessTransport handle
+        handle = UVProcessTransport.__new__(UVProcessTransport)
+        handle._protocol = protocol
+        handle._init(loop, args, env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                     __process_convert_fileno(_stdin),
+                     __process_convert_fileno(_stdout),
+                     __process_convert_fileno(_stderr),
+                     pass_fds,
+                     debug_flags,
+                     preexec_fn,
+                     restore_signals)
+
+        if handle._init_futs:
+            handle._stdio_ready = 0
+            init_fut = aio_gather(*handle._init_futs)
+            # add_done_callback will copy the current context and run the
+            # callback within the context
+            init_fut.add_done_callback(
+                ft_partial(handle.__stdio_inited, waiter))
+        else:
+            handle._stdio_ready = 1
+            loop._call_soon_handle(
+                new_MethodHandle1(loop,
+                                  "UVProcessTransport._call_connection_made",
+                                  <method1_t>handle._call_connection_made,
+                                  None,  # means to copy the current context
+                                  handle, waiter))
+
+        return handle
+
+    def get_protocol(self):
+        return self._protocol
+
+    def set_protocol(self, protocol):
+        self._protocol = protocol
+
+    def get_pid(self):
+        return self._pid
+
+    def get_returncode(self):
+        return self._returncode
+
+    def get_pipe_transport(self, fd):
+        if fd == 0:
+            return self._stdin
+        elif fd == 1:
+            return self._stdout
+        elif fd == 2:
+            return self._stderr
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        self._check_proc()
+        self._kill(uv.SIGTERM)
+
+    def kill(self):
+        self._check_proc()
+        self._kill(uv.SIGKILL)
+
+    def send_signal(self, int signal):
+        self._check_proc()
+        self._kill(signal)
+
+    def is_closing(self):
+        return self._closed
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._returncode is None:
+            self._kill(uv.SIGKILL)
+
+        if self._stdin is not None:
+            self._stdin.close()
+        if self._stdout is not None:
+            self._stdout.close()
+        if self._stderr is not None:
+            self._stderr.close()
+
+        if self._returncode is not None:
+            # The process is dead, just close the UV handle.
+            #
+            # (If "self._returncode is None", the process should have been
+            # killed already and we're just waiting for a SIGCHLD; after
+            # which the transport will be GC'ed and the uvhandle will be
+            # closed in UVHandle.__dealloc__.)
+            self._close()
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        return default
+
+    def _wait(self):
+        fut = self._loop._new_future()
+        if self._returncode is not None:
+            fut.set_result(self._returncode)
+            return fut
+
+        self._exit_waiters.append(fut)
+        return fut
+
+
+class WriteSubprocessPipeProto(aio_BaseProtocol):
+
+    def __init__(self, proc, fd):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if type(proc) is not UVProcessTransport:
+                raise TypeError
+            if not isinstance(fd, int):
+                raise TypeError
+        self.proc = proc
+        self.fd = fd
+        self.pipe = None
+        self.disconnected = False
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        self.pipe = transport
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return ('<%s fd=%s pipe=%r>'
+                % (self.__class__.__name__, self.fd, self.pipe))
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        self.disconnected = True
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._pipe_connection_lost(self.fd, exc)
+        self.proc = None
+
+    def pause_writing(self):
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._protocol.pause_writing()
+
+    def resume_writing(self):
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._protocol.resume_writing()
+
+
+class ReadSubprocessPipeProto(WriteSubprocessPipeProto,
+                              aio_Protocol):
+
+    def data_received(self, data):
+        (<UVProcessTransport>self.proc)._pipe_data_received(self.fd, data)
+
+
+cdef __process_convert_fileno(object obj):
+    if obj is None or isinstance(obj, int):
+        return obj
+
+    fileno = obj.fileno()
+    if not isinstance(fileno, int):
+        raise TypeError(
+            '{!r}.fileno() returned non-integer'.format(obj))
+    return fileno
+
+
+cdef void __uvprocess_on_exit_callback(
+    uv.uv_process_t *handle,
+    int64_t exit_status,
+    int term_signal,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle,
+                            "UVProcess exit callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef UVProcess proc = <UVProcess> handle.data
+    try:
+        proc._on_exit(exit_status, term_signal)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        proc._error(ex, False)
+
+
+cdef __socketpair():
+    cdef:
+        int fds[2]
+        int err
+
+    err = system.socketpair(uv.AF_UNIX, uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds)
+    if err:
+        exc = convert_error(-err)
+        raise exc
+
+    os_set_inheritable(fds[0], False)
+    os_set_inheritable(fds[1], False)
+
+    return fds[0], fds[1]
+
+
+cdef void __uv_close_process_handle_cb(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* handle
+) noexcept with gil:
+    PyMem_RawFree(handle)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ca8743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+cdef class UVStream(UVBaseTransport):
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_shutdown_t _shutdown_req
+        bint __shutting_down
+        bint __reading
+        bint __read_error_close
+
+        bint __buffered
+        object _protocol_get_buffer
+        object _protocol_buffer_updated
+
+        bint _eof
+        list _buffer
+        size_t _buffer_size
+
+        Py_buffer _read_pybuf
+        bint _read_pybuf_acquired
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                      object waiter, object context)
+
+
+    cdef inline _shutdown(self)
+    cdef inline _accept(self, UVStream server)
+
+    cdef inline _close_on_read_error(self)
+
+    cdef inline __reading_started(self)
+    cdef inline __reading_stopped(self)
+
+    # The user API write() and writelines() firstly call _buffer_write() to
+    # buffer up user data chunks, potentially multiple times in writelines(),
+    # and then call _initiate_write() to start writing either immediately or in
+    # the next iteration (loop._queue_write()).
+    cdef inline _buffer_write(self, object data)
+    cdef inline _initiate_write(self)
+
+    # _exec_write() is the method that does the actual send, and _try_write()
+    # is a fast-path used in _exec_write() to send a single chunk.
+    cdef inline _exec_write(self)
+    cdef inline _try_write(self, object data)
+
+    cdef _close(self)
+
+    cdef inline _on_accept(self)
+    cdef inline _on_eof(self)
+    cdef inline _on_write(self)
+    cdef inline _on_connect(self, object exc)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c585360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/stream.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+cdef enum:
+    __PREALLOCED_BUFS = 4
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class _StreamWriteContext:
+    # used to hold additional write request information for uv_write
+
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_write_t   req
+
+        list            buffers
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t     uv_bufs_sml[__PREALLOCED_BUFS]
+        Py_buffer       py_bufs_sml[__PREALLOCED_BUFS]
+        bint            py_bufs_sml_inuse
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t*    uv_bufs
+        Py_buffer*      py_bufs
+        size_t          py_bufs_len
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t*    uv_bufs_start
+        size_t          uv_bufs_len
+
+        UVStream        stream
+
+        bint            closed
+
+    cdef free_bufs(self):
+        cdef size_t i
+
+        if self.uv_bufs is not NULL:
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.uv_bufs)
+            self.uv_bufs = NULL
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if self.py_bufs_sml_inuse:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_StreamWriteContext.close: uv_bufs != NULL and '
+                        'py_bufs_sml_inuse is True')
+
+        if self.py_bufs is not NULL:
+            for i from 0 <= i < self.py_bufs_len:
+                PyBuffer_Release(&self.py_bufs[i])
+            PyMem_RawFree(self.py_bufs)
+            self.py_bufs = NULL
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if self.py_bufs_sml_inuse:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_StreamWriteContext.close: py_bufs != NULL and '
+                        'py_bufs_sml_inuse is True')
+
+        if self.py_bufs_sml_inuse:
+            for i from 0 <= i < self.py_bufs_len:
+                PyBuffer_Release(&self.py_bufs_sml[i])
+            self.py_bufs_sml_inuse = 0
+
+        self.py_bufs_len = 0
+        self.buffers = None
+
+    cdef close(self):
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        self.closed = 1
+        self.free_bufs()
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef advance_uv_buf(self, size_t sent):
+        # Advance the pointer to first uv_buf and the
+        # pointer to first byte in that buffer.
+        #
+        # We do this after a "uv_try_write" call, which
+        # sometimes sends only a portion of data.
+        # We then call "advance_uv_buf" on the write
+        # context, and reuse it in a "uv_write" call.
+
+        cdef:
+            uv.uv_buf_t* buf
+            size_t idx
+
+        for idx from 0 <= idx < self.uv_bufs_len:
+            buf = &self.uv_bufs_start[idx]
+            if buf.len > sent:
+                buf.len -= sent
+                buf.base = buf.base + sent
+                self.uv_bufs_start = buf
+                self.uv_bufs_len -= idx
+                return
+            else:
+                sent -= self.uv_bufs_start[idx].len
+
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if sent < 0:
+                    raise RuntimeError('fatal: sent < 0 in advance_uv_buf')
+
+        raise RuntimeError('fatal: Could not advance _StreamWriteContext')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef _StreamWriteContext new(UVStream stream, list buffers):
+        cdef:
+            _StreamWriteContext ctx
+            int uv_bufs_idx = 0
+            size_t py_bufs_len = 0
+            int i
+
+            Py_buffer* p_pybufs
+            uv.uv_buf_t* p_uvbufs
+
+        ctx = _StreamWriteContext.__new__(_StreamWriteContext)
+        ctx.stream = None
+        ctx.closed = 1
+        ctx.py_bufs_len = 0
+        ctx.py_bufs_sml_inuse = 0
+        ctx.uv_bufs = NULL
+        ctx.py_bufs = NULL
+        ctx.buffers = buffers
+        ctx.stream = stream
+
+        if len(buffers) <= __PREALLOCED_BUFS:
+            # We've got a small number of buffers to write, don't
+            # need to use malloc.
+            ctx.py_bufs_sml_inuse = 1
+            p_pybufs = <Py_buffer*>&ctx.py_bufs_sml
+            p_uvbufs = <uv.uv_buf_t*>&ctx.uv_bufs_sml
+
+        else:
+            for buf in buffers:
+                if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                    if not isinstance(buf, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            'invalid data in writebuf: an instance of '
+                            'bytes, bytearray or memoryview was expected, '
+                            'got {}'.format(type(buf)))
+
+                if not PyBytes_CheckExact(buf):
+                    py_bufs_len += 1
+
+            if py_bufs_len > 0:
+                ctx.py_bufs = <Py_buffer*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+                    py_bufs_len * sizeof(Py_buffer))
+                if ctx.py_bufs is NULL:
+                    raise MemoryError()
+
+            ctx.uv_bufs = <uv.uv_buf_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(
+                len(buffers) * sizeof(uv.uv_buf_t))
+            if ctx.uv_bufs is NULL:
+                raise MemoryError()
+
+            p_pybufs = ctx.py_bufs
+            p_uvbufs = ctx.uv_bufs
+
+        py_bufs_len = 0
+        for buf in buffers:
+            if PyBytes_CheckExact(buf):
+                # We can only use this hack for bytes since it's
+                # immutable.  For everything else it is only safe to
+                # use buffer protocol.
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].base = PyBytes_AS_STRING(buf)
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].len = Py_SIZE(buf)
+
+            else:
+                try:
+                    PyObject_GetBuffer(
+                        buf, &p_pybufs[py_bufs_len], PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+                except Exception:
+                    # This shouldn't ever happen, as `UVStream._buffer_write`
+                    # casts non-bytes objects to `memoryviews`.
+                    ctx.py_bufs_len = py_bufs_len
+                    ctx.free_bufs()
+                    raise
+
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].base = <char*>p_pybufs[py_bufs_len].buf
+                p_uvbufs[uv_bufs_idx].len = p_pybufs[py_bufs_len].len
+
+                py_bufs_len += 1
+
+            uv_bufs_idx += 1
+
+        ctx.uv_bufs_start = p_uvbufs
+        ctx.uv_bufs_len = uv_bufs_idx
+
+        ctx.py_bufs_len = py_bufs_len
+        ctx.req.data = <void*> ctx
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_total += 1
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt += 1
+
+        # Do incref after everything else is done.
+        # Under no circumstances we want `ctx` to be GCed while
+        # libuv is still working with `ctx.uv_bufs`.
+        Py_INCREF(ctx)
+        ctx.closed = 0
+        return ctx
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            # Because we do an INCREF in _StreamWriteContext.new,
+            # __dealloc__ shouldn't ever happen with `self.closed == 1`
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'open _StreamWriteContext is being deallocated')
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self.stream is not None:
+                self.stream._loop._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt -= 1
+                self.stream = None
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVStream(UVBaseTransport):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.__shutting_down = 0
+        self.__reading = 0
+        self.__read_error_close = 0
+        self.__buffered = 0
+        self._eof = 0
+        self._buffer = []
+        self._buffer_size = 0
+
+        self._protocol_get_buffer = None
+        self._protocol_buffer_updated = None
+
+        self._read_pybuf_acquired = False
+
+    cdef _set_protocol(self, object protocol):
+        if protocol is None:
+            raise TypeError('protocol is required')
+
+        UVBaseTransport._set_protocol(self, protocol)
+
+        if (hasattr(protocol, 'get_buffer') and
+                not isinstance(protocol, aio_Protocol)):
+            try:
+                self._protocol_get_buffer = protocol.get_buffer
+                self._protocol_buffer_updated = protocol.buffer_updated
+                self.__buffered = 1
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+        else:
+            self.__buffered = 0
+
+    cdef _clear_protocol(self):
+        UVBaseTransport._clear_protocol(self)
+        self._protocol_get_buffer = None
+        self._protocol_buffer_updated = None
+        self.__buffered = 0
+
+    cdef inline _shutdown(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self.__shutting_down:
+            return
+        self.__shutting_down = 1
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        self._shutdown_req.data = <void*> self
+        err = uv.uv_shutdown(&self._shutdown_req,
+                             <uv.uv_stream_t*> self._handle,
+                             __uv_stream_on_shutdown)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    cdef inline _accept(self, UVStream server):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_accept(<uv.uv_stream_t*>server._handle,
+                           <uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        self._on_accept()
+
+    cdef inline _close_on_read_error(self):
+        self.__read_error_close = 1
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self):
+        return self.__reading
+
+    cdef _start_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._closing:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.__reading:
+            return
+
+        if self.__buffered:
+            err = uv.uv_read_start(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                                   __uv_stream_buffered_alloc,
+                                   __uv_stream_buffered_on_read)
+        else:
+            err = uv.uv_read_start(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                                   __loop_alloc_buffer,
+                                   __uv_stream_on_read)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            # UVStream must live until the read callback is called
+            self.__reading_started()
+
+    cdef inline __reading_started(self):
+        if self.__reading:
+            return
+        self.__reading = 1
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+    cdef inline __reading_stopped(self):
+        if not self.__reading:
+            return
+        self.__reading = 0
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef _stop_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self.__reading:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #    This function is idempotent and may be safely
+        #    called on a stopped stream.
+        err = uv.uv_read_stop(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            self.__reading_stopped()
+
+    cdef inline _try_write(self, object data):
+        cdef:
+            ssize_t written
+            bint used_buf = 0
+            Py_buffer py_buf
+            void* buf
+            size_t blen
+            int saved_errno
+            int fd
+
+        if (<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size != 0:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'UVStream._try_write called with data in uv buffers')
+
+        if PyBytes_CheckExact(data):
+            # We can only use this hack for bytes since it's
+            # immutable.  For everything else it is only safe to
+            # use buffer protocol.
+            buf = <void*>PyBytes_AS_STRING(data)
+            blen = Py_SIZE(data)
+        else:
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(data, &py_buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+            used_buf = 1
+            buf = py_buf.buf
+            blen = py_buf.len
+
+        if blen == 0:
+            # Empty data, do nothing.
+            return 0
+
+        fd = self._fileno()
+        # Use `unistd.h/write` directly, it's faster than
+        # uv_try_write -- less layers of code.  The error
+        # checking logic is copied from libuv.
+        written = system.write(fd, buf, blen)
+        while written == -1 and (
+                errno.errno == errno.EINTR or
+                (system.PLATFORM_IS_APPLE and
+                    errno.errno == errno.EPROTOTYPE)):
+            # From libuv code (unix/stream.c):
+            #   Due to a possible kernel bug at least in OS X 10.10 "Yosemite",
+            #   EPROTOTYPE can be returned while trying to write to a socket
+            #   that is shutting down. If we retry the write, we should get
+            #   the expected EPIPE instead.
+            written = system.write(fd, buf, blen)
+        saved_errno = errno.errno
+
+        if used_buf:
+            PyBuffer_Release(&py_buf)
+
+        if written < 0:
+            if saved_errno == errno.EAGAIN or \
+                    saved_errno == system.EWOULDBLOCK:
+                return -1
+            else:
+                exc = convert_error(-saved_errno)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self._loop._debug_stream_write_tries += 1
+
+        if <size_t>written == blen:
+            return 0
+
+        return written
+
+    cdef inline _buffer_write(self, object data):
+        cdef int dlen
+
+        if not PyBytes_CheckExact(data):
+            data = memoryview(data).cast('b')
+
+        dlen = len(data)
+        if not dlen:
+            return
+
+        self._buffer_size += dlen
+        self._buffer.append(data)
+
+    cdef inline _initiate_write(self):
+        if (not self._protocol_paused and
+                (<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size == 0 and
+                self._buffer_size > self._high_water):
+            # Fast-path.  If:
+            #   - the protocol isn't yet paused,
+            #   - there is no data in libuv buffers for this stream,
+            #   - the protocol will be paused if we continue to buffer data
+            #
+            # Then:
+            #   - Try to write all buffered data right now.
+            all_sent = self._exec_write()
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                if self._buffer_size != 0 or self._buffer != []:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        '_buffer_size is not 0 after a successful _exec_write')
+
+            # There is no need to call `_queue_write` anymore,
+            # as `uv_write` should be called already.
+
+            if not all_sent:
+                # If not all of the data was sent successfully,
+                # we might need to pause the protocol.
+                self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+
+        elif self._buffer_size > 0:
+            self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+            self._loop._queue_write(self)
+
+    cdef inline _exec_write(self):
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            int buf_len
+            _StreamWriteContext ctx = None
+
+        if self._closed:
+            # If the handle is closed, just return, it's too
+            # late to do anything.
+            return
+
+        buf_len = len(self._buffer)
+        if not buf_len:
+            return
+
+        if (<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size == 0:
+            # libuv internal write buffers for this stream are empty.
+            if buf_len == 1:
+                # If we only have one piece of data to send, let's
+                # use our fast implementation of try_write.
+                data = self._buffer[0]
+                sent = self._try_write(data)
+
+                if sent is None:
+                    # A `self._fatal_error` was called.
+                    # It might not raise an exception under some
+                    # conditions.
+                    self._buffer_size = 0
+                    self._buffer.clear()
+                    if not self._closing:
+                        # This should never happen.
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            'stream is open after UVStream._try_write '
+                            'returned None')
+                    return
+
+                if sent == 0:
+                    # All data was successfully written.
+                    self._buffer_size = 0
+                    self._buffer.clear()
+                    # on_write will call "maybe_resume_protocol".
+                    self._on_write()
+                    return True
+
+                if sent > 0:
+                    if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                        if sent == len(data):
+                            raise RuntimeError(
+                                '_try_write sent all data and returned '
+                                'non-zero')
+
+                    if PyBytes_CheckExact(data):
+                        # Cast bytes to memoryview to avoid copying
+                        # data that wasn't sent.
+                        data = memoryview(data)
+                    data = data[sent:]
+
+                    self._buffer_size -= sent
+                    self._buffer[0] = data
+
+                # At this point it's either data was sent partially,
+                # or an EAGAIN has happened.
+
+            else:
+                ctx = _StreamWriteContext.new(self, self._buffer)
+
+                err = uv.uv_try_write(<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                                      ctx.uv_bufs_start,
+                                      ctx.uv_bufs_len)
+
+                if err > 0:
+                    # Some data was successfully sent.
+
+                    if <size_t>err == self._buffer_size:
+                        # Everything was sent.
+                        ctx.close()
+                        self._buffer.clear()
+                        self._buffer_size = 0
+                        # on_write will call "maybe_resume_protocol".
+                        self._on_write()
+                        return True
+
+                    try:
+                        # Advance pointers to uv_bufs in `ctx`,
+                        # we will reuse it soon for a uv_write
+                        # call.
+                        ctx.advance_uv_buf(<ssize_t>err)
+                    except Exception as ex:  # This should never happen.
+                        # Let's try to close the `ctx` anyways.
+                        ctx.close()
+                        self._fatal_error(ex, True)
+                        self._buffer.clear()
+                        self._buffer_size = 0
+                        return
+
+                elif err != uv.UV_EAGAIN:
+                    ctx.close()
+                    exc = convert_error(err)
+                    self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                    self._buffer.clear()
+                    self._buffer_size = 0
+                    return
+
+                # fall through
+
+        if ctx is None:
+            ctx = _StreamWriteContext.new(self, self._buffer)
+
+        err = uv.uv_write(&ctx.req,
+                          <uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle,
+                          ctx.uv_bufs_start,
+                          ctx.uv_bufs_len,
+                          __uv_stream_on_write)
+
+        self._buffer_size = 0
+        # Can't use `_buffer.clear()` here: `ctx` holds a reference to
+        # the `_buffer`.
+        self._buffer = []
+
+        if err < 0:
+            # close write context
+            ctx.close()
+
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+        self._maybe_resume_protocol()
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return 0
+        return ((<uv.uv_stream_t*>self._handle).write_queue_size +
+                self._buffer_size)
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        try:
+            if self._read_pybuf_acquired:
+                # Should never happen. libuv always calls uv_alloc/uv_read
+                # in pairs.
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'transport': self,
+                    'message': 'XXX: an allocated buffer in transport._close()'
+                })
+                self._read_pybuf_acquired = 0
+                PyBuffer_Release(&self._read_pybuf)
+
+            self._stop_reading()
+        finally:
+            UVSocketHandle._close(<UVHandle>self)
+
+    cdef inline _on_accept(self):
+        # Ultimately called by __uv_stream_on_listen.
+        self._init_protocol()
+
+    cdef inline _on_eof(self):
+        # Any exception raised here will be caught in
+        # __uv_stream_on_read.
+
+        try:
+            meth = self._protocol.eof_received
+        except AttributeError:
+            keep_open = False
+        else:
+            keep_open = run_in_context(self.context, meth)
+
+        if keep_open:
+            # We're keeping the connection open so the
+            # protocol can write more, but we still can't
+            # receive more, so remove the reader callback.
+            self._stop_reading()
+        else:
+            self.close()
+
+    cdef inline _on_write(self):
+        self._maybe_resume_protocol()
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            if self._closing:
+                self._schedule_call_connection_lost(None)
+            elif self._eof:
+                self._shutdown()
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                      object waiter, object context):
+        self.context = context
+        self._set_protocol(protocol)
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        if server is not None:
+            self._set_server(server)
+
+        if waiter is not None:
+            self._set_waiter(waiter)
+
+    cdef inline _on_connect(self, object exc):
+        # Called from __tcp_connect_callback (tcp.pyx) and
+        # __pipe_connect_callback (pipe.pyx).
+        if exc is None:
+            self._init_protocol()
+        else:
+            if self._waiter is None:
+                self._fatal_error(exc, False, "connect failed")
+            elif self._waiter.cancelled():
+                # Connect call was cancelled; just close the transport
+                # silently.
+                self._close()
+            elif self._waiter.done():
+                self._fatal_error(exc, False, "connect failed")
+            else:
+                self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
+                self._close()
+
+    # === Public API ===
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{} closed={} reading={} {:#x}>'.format(
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self._closed,
+            self.__reading,
+            id(self))
+
+    def write(self, object buf):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._eof:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call write() after write_eof()')
+        if not buf:
+            return
+        if self._conn_lost:
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+        self._buffer_write(buf)
+        self._initiate_write()
+
+    def writelines(self, bufs):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._eof:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot call writelines() after write_eof()')
+        if self._conn_lost:
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+        for buf in bufs:
+            self._buffer_write(buf)
+        self._initiate_write()
+
+    def write_eof(self):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._eof:
+            return
+
+        self._eof = 1
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            self._shutdown()
+
+    def can_write_eof(self):
+        return True
+
+    def is_reading(self):
+        return self._is_reading()
+
+    def pause_reading(self):
+        if self._closing or not self._is_reading():
+            return
+        self._stop_reading()
+
+    def resume_reading(self):
+        if self._is_reading() or self._closing:
+            return
+        self._start_reading()
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_on_shutdown(uv.uv_shutdown_t* req,
+                                  int status) noexcept with gil:
+
+    # callback for uv_shutdown
+
+    if req.data is NULL:
+        aio_logger.error(
+            'UVStream.shutdown callback called with NULL req.data, status=%r',
+            status)
+        return
+
+    cdef UVStream stream = <UVStream> req.data
+
+    if status < 0 and status != uv.UV_ECANCELED:
+        # From libuv source code:
+        #     The ECANCELED error code is a lie, the shutdown(2) syscall is a
+        #     fait accompli at this point. Maybe we should revisit this in
+        #     v0.11.  A possible reason for leaving it unchanged is that it
+        #     informs the callee that the handle has been destroyed.
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total += 1
+
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        stream._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.shutdown callback")
+        return
+
+
+cdef inline bint __uv_stream_on_read_common(
+    UVStream sc,
+    Loop loop,
+    ssize_t nread,
+):
+    if sc._closed:
+        # The stream was closed, there is no reason to
+        # do any work now.
+        sc.__reading_stopped()  # Just in case.
+        return True
+
+    if nread == uv.UV_EOF:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #     The callee is responsible for stopping closing the stream
+        #     when an error happens by calling uv_read_stop() or uv_close().
+        #     Trying to read from the stream again is undefined.
+        try:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                loop._debug_stream_read_eof_total += 1
+
+            sc._stop_reading()
+            sc._on_eof()
+        except BaseException as ex:
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                loop._debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+            sc._fatal_error(ex, False)
+        finally:
+            return True
+
+    if nread == 0:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #     nread might be 0, which does not indicate an error or EOF.
+        #     This is equivalent to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK under read(2).
+        return True
+
+    if nread < 0:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #     The callee is responsible for stopping closing the stream
+        #     when an error happens by calling uv_read_stop() or uv_close().
+        #     Trying to read from the stream again is undefined.
+        #
+        # Therefore, we're closing the stream.  Since "UVHandle._close()"
+        # doesn't raise exceptions unless uvloop is built with DEBUG=1,
+        # we don't need try...finally here.
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_errors_total += 1
+
+        if sc.__read_error_close:
+            # Used for getting notified when a pipe is closed.
+            # See WriteUnixTransport for the explanation.
+            sc._on_eof()
+            return True
+
+        exc = convert_error(nread)
+        sc._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.read callback")
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+cdef inline void __uv_stream_on_read_impl(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* stream,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+):
+    cdef:
+        UVStream sc = <UVStream>stream.data
+        Loop loop = sc._loop
+
+    # It's OK to free the buffer early, since nothing will
+    # be able to touch it until this method is done.
+    __loop_free_buffer(loop)
+
+    if __uv_stream_on_read_common(sc, loop, nread):
+        return
+
+    try:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_total += 1
+
+        run_in_context1(
+            sc.context,
+            sc._protocol_data_received,
+            loop._recv_buffer[:nread],
+        )
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+        sc._fatal_error(exc, False)
+
+
+cdef inline void __uv_stream_on_write_impl(
+    uv.uv_write_t* req,
+    int status,
+):
+    cdef:
+        _StreamWriteContext ctx = <_StreamWriteContext> req.data
+        UVStream stream = <UVStream>ctx.stream
+
+    ctx.close()
+
+    if stream._closed:
+        # The stream was closed, there is nothing to do.
+        # Even if there is an error, like EPIPE, there
+        # is no reason to report it.
+        return
+
+    if status < 0:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_errors_total += 1
+
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        stream._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.write callback")
+        return
+
+    try:
+        stream._on_write()
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+        stream._fatal_error(exc, False)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_on_read(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* stream,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>stream,
+                            "UVStream read callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    # Don't need try-finally, __uv_stream_on_read_impl is void
+    __uv_stream_on_read_impl(stream, nread, buf)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_on_write(
+    uv.uv_write_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+        if req.data is NULL:
+            aio_logger.error(
+                'UVStream.write callback called with NULL req.data, status=%r',
+                status)
+            return
+
+    # Don't need try-finally, __uv_stream_on_write_impl is void
+    __uv_stream_on_write_impl(req, status)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_buffered_alloc(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* stream,
+    size_t suggested_size,
+    uv.uv_buf_t* uvbuf,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>stream,
+                            "UVStream alloc buffer callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVStream sc = <UVStream>stream.data
+        Loop loop = sc._loop
+        Py_buffer* pybuf = &sc._read_pybuf
+        int got_buf = 0
+
+    if sc._read_pybuf_acquired:
+        uvbuf.len = 0
+        uvbuf.base = NULL
+        return
+
+    sc._read_pybuf_acquired = 0
+    try:
+        buf = run_in_context1(
+            sc.context,
+            sc._protocol_get_buffer,
+            suggested_size,
+        )
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(buf, pybuf, PyBUF_WRITABLE)
+        got_buf = 1
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        # Can't call 'sc._fatal_error' or 'sc._close', libuv will SF.
+        # We'll do it later in __uv_stream_buffered_on_read when we
+        # receive UV_ENOBUFS.
+        uvbuf.len = 0
+        uvbuf.base = NULL
+        return
+
+    if not pybuf.len:
+        uvbuf.len = 0
+        uvbuf.base = NULL
+        if got_buf:
+            PyBuffer_Release(pybuf)
+        return
+
+    sc._read_pybuf_acquired = 1
+    uvbuf.base = <char*>pybuf.buf
+    uvbuf.len = pybuf.len
+
+
+cdef void __uv_stream_buffered_on_read(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* stream,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>stream,
+                            "UVStream buffered read callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVStream sc = <UVStream>stream.data
+        Loop loop = sc._loop
+        Py_buffer* pybuf = &sc._read_pybuf
+
+    if nread == uv.UV_ENOBUFS:
+        sc._fatal_error(
+            RuntimeError(
+                'unhandled error (or an empty buffer) in get_buffer()'),
+            False)
+        return
+
+    try:
+        if nread > 0 and not sc._read_pybuf_acquired:
+            # From libuv docs:
+            #     nread is > 0 if there is data available or < 0 on error. When
+            #     we’ve reached EOF, nread will be set to UV_EOF. When
+            #     nread < 0, the buf parameter might not point to a valid
+            #     buffer; in that case buf.len and buf.base are both set to 0.
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f'no python buffer is allocated in on_read; nread={nread}')
+
+        if nread == 0:
+            # From libuv docs:
+            #     nread might be 0, which does not indicate an error or EOF.
+            #     This is equivalent to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK under read(2).
+            return
+
+        if __uv_stream_on_read_common(sc, loop, nread):
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_total += 1
+
+        run_in_context1(sc.context, sc._protocol_buffer_updated, nread)
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            loop._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total += 1
+
+        sc._fatal_error(exc, False)
+    finally:
+        sc._read_pybuf_acquired = 0
+        PyBuffer_Release(pybuf)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a004efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+cdef class UVStreamServer(UVSocketHandle):
+    cdef:
+        int backlog
+        object ssl
+        object ssl_handshake_timeout
+        object ssl_shutdown_timeout
+        object protocol_factory
+        bint opened
+        Server _server
+
+    # All "inline" methods are final
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol_factory,
+                      Server server,
+                      object backlog,
+                      object ssl,
+                      object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                      object ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+    cdef inline _mark_as_open(self)
+
+    cdef inline listen(self)
+    cdef inline _on_listen(self)
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9993317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/streamserver.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVStreamServer(UVSocketHandle):
+
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self.opened = 0
+        self._server = None
+        self.ssl = None
+        self.ssl_handshake_timeout = None
+        self.ssl_shutdown_timeout = None
+        self.protocol_factory = None
+
+    cdef inline _init(self, Loop loop, object protocol_factory,
+                      Server server,
+                      object backlog,
+                      object ssl,
+                      object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                      object ssl_shutdown_timeout):
+
+        if not isinstance(backlog, int):
+            # Don't allow floats
+            raise TypeError('integer argument expected, got {}'.format(
+                type(backlog).__name__))
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    'ssl is expected to be None or an instance of '
+                    'ssl.SSLContext, got {!r}'.format(ssl))
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        self.backlog = backlog
+        self.ssl = ssl
+        self.ssl_handshake_timeout = ssl_handshake_timeout
+        self.ssl_shutdown_timeout = ssl_shutdown_timeout
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+        self.protocol_factory = protocol_factory
+        self._server = server
+
+    cdef inline listen(self):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.protocol_factory is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('unable to listen(); no protocol_factory')
+
+        if self.opened != 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('unopened TCPServer')
+
+        self.context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+        err = uv.uv_listen(<uv.uv_stream_t*> self._handle,
+                           self.backlog,
+                           __uv_streamserver_on_listen)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+
+    cdef inline _on_listen(self):
+        cdef UVStream client
+
+        protocol = run_in_context(self.context, self.protocol_factory)
+
+        if self.ssl is None:
+            client = self._make_new_transport(protocol, None, self.context)
+
+        else:
+            waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+
+            ssl_protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self._loop, protocol, self.ssl,
+                waiter,
+                server_side=True,
+                server_hostname=None,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=self.ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=self.ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+            client = self._make_new_transport(ssl_protocol, None, self.context)
+
+            waiter.add_done_callback(
+                ft_partial(self.__on_ssl_connected, client))
+
+        client._accept(<UVStream>self)
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, throw, reason=None):
+        # Overload UVHandle._fatal_error
+
+        self._close()
+
+        if not isinstance(exc, OSError):
+
+            if throw or self._loop is None:
+                raise exc
+
+            msg = f'Fatal error on server {self.__class__.__name__}'
+            if reason is not None:
+                msg = f'{msg} ({reason})'
+
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': msg,
+                'exception': exc,
+            })
+
+    cdef inline _mark_as_open(self):
+        self.opened = 1
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __on_ssl_connected(self, transport, fut):
+        exc = fut.exception()
+        if exc is not None:
+            transport._force_close(exc)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_streamserver_on_listen(
+    uv.uv_stream_t* handle,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    # callback for uv_listen
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle,
+                            "UVStream listen callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVStreamServer stream = <UVStreamServer> handle.data
+
+    if status < 0:
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            stream._loop._debug_stream_listen_errors_total += 1
+
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        stream._fatal_error(
+            exc, False, "error status in uv_stream_t.listen callback")
+        return
+
+    try:
+        stream._on_listen()
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        stream._error(exc, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d388ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+cdef class TCPServer(UVStreamServer):
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=*)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                       unsigned int flags,
+                       object backlog,
+                       object ssl,
+                       object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                       object ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+
+cdef class TCPTransport(UVStream):
+    cdef:
+        bint __peername_set
+        bint __sockname_set
+        system.sockaddr_storage __peername
+        system.sockaddr_storage __sockname
+
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=*)
+    cdef connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr)
+    cdef _set_nodelay(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                          object waiter, object context)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5fe827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/tcp.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+cdef __tcp_init_uv_handle(UVStream handle, Loop loop, unsigned int flags):
+    cdef int err
+
+    handle._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_tcp_t))
+    if handle._handle is NULL:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise MemoryError()
+
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_init_ex(handle._loop.uvloop,
+                            <uv.uv_tcp_t*>handle._handle,
+                            flags)
+    if err < 0:
+        handle._abort_init()
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+    handle._finish_init()
+
+
+cdef __tcp_bind(UVStream handle, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags):
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_bind(<uv.uv_tcp_t *>handle._handle,
+                         addr, flags)
+    if err < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(err)
+        raise exc
+
+
+cdef __tcp_open(UVStream handle, int sockfd):
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_open(<uv.uv_tcp_t *>handle._handle,
+                         <uv.uv_os_sock_t>sockfd)
+    if err < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(err)
+        raise exc
+
+
+cdef __tcp_get_socket(UVSocketHandle handle):
+    cdef:
+        int buf_len = sizeof(system.sockaddr_storage)
+        int fileno
+        int err
+        system.sockaddr_storage buf
+
+    fileno = handle._fileno()
+
+    err = uv.uv_tcp_getsockname(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>handle._handle,
+                                <system.sockaddr*>&buf,
+                                &buf_len)
+    if err < 0:
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+    return PseudoSocket(buf.ss_family, uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, fileno)
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class TCPServer(UVStreamServer):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPServer new(Loop loop, object protocol_factory, Server server,
+                       unsigned int flags,
+                       object backlog,
+                       object ssl,
+                       object ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                       object ssl_shutdown_timeout):
+
+        cdef TCPServer handle
+        handle = TCPServer.__new__(TCPServer)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol_factory, server, backlog,
+                     ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout, ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        __tcp_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop, flags)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __tcp_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        try:
+            __tcp_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+        else:
+            self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=0):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        try:
+            __tcp_bind(<UVStream>self, addr, flags)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+        else:
+            self._mark_as_open()
+
+    cdef UVStream _make_new_transport(self, object protocol, object waiter,
+                                      object context):
+        cdef TCPTransport tr
+        tr = TCPTransport.new(self._loop, protocol, self._server, waiter,
+                              context)
+        return <UVStream>tr
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class TCPTransport(UVStream):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef TCPTransport new(Loop loop, object protocol, Server server,
+                          object waiter, object context):
+
+        cdef TCPTransport handle
+        handle = TCPTransport.__new__(TCPTransport)
+        handle._init(loop, protocol, server, waiter, context)
+        __tcp_init_uv_handle(<UVStream>handle, loop, uv.AF_UNSPEC)
+        handle.__peername_set = 0
+        handle.__sockname_set = 0
+        handle._set_nodelay()
+        return handle
+
+    cdef _set_nodelay(self):
+        cdef int err
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_nodelay(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>self._handle, 1)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    cdef _call_connection_made(self):
+        # asyncio saves peername & sockname when transports are instantiated,
+        # so that they're accessible even after the transport is closed.
+        # We are doing the same thing here, except that we create Python
+        # objects lazily, on request in get_extra_info()
+
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            int buf_len
+
+        buf_len = sizeof(system.sockaddr_storage)
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_getsockname(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>self._handle,
+                                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__sockname,
+                                    &buf_len)
+        if err >= 0:
+            # Ignore errors, this is an optional thing.
+            # If something serious is going on, the transport
+            # will crash later (in roughly the same way how
+            # an asyncio transport would.)
+            self.__sockname_set = 1
+
+        buf_len = sizeof(system.sockaddr_storage)
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_getpeername(<uv.uv_tcp_t*>self._handle,
+                                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__peername,
+                                    &buf_len)
+        if err >= 0:
+            # Same as few lines above -- we don't really care
+            # about error case here.
+            self.__peername_set = 1
+
+        UVBaseTransport._call_connection_made(self)
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        if name == 'sockname':
+            if self.__sockname_set:
+                return __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(
+                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__sockname)
+        elif name == 'peername':
+            if self.__peername_set:
+                return __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(
+                    <system.sockaddr*>&self.__peername)
+        return super().get_extra_info(name, default)
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        return __tcp_get_socket(<UVSocketHandle>self)
+
+    cdef bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr, unsigned int flags=0):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        __tcp_bind(<UVStream>self, addr, flags)
+
+    cdef _open(self, int sockfd):
+        self._ensure_alive()
+        __tcp_open(<UVStream>self, sockfd)
+
+    cdef connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr):
+        cdef _TCPConnectRequest req
+        req = _TCPConnectRequest(self._loop, self)
+        req.connect(addr)
+
+
+cdef class _TCPConnectRequest(UVRequest):
+    cdef:
+        TCPTransport transport
+        uv.uv_connect_t _req_data
+
+    def __cinit__(self, loop, transport):
+        self.request = <uv.uv_req_t*>&self._req_data
+        self.request.data = <void*>self
+        self.transport = transport
+
+    cdef connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr):
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_tcp_connect(<uv.uv_connect_t*>self.request,
+                                <uv.uv_tcp_t*>self.transport._handle,
+                                addr,
+                                __tcp_connect_callback)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self.on_done()
+            raise exc
+
+
+cdef void __tcp_connect_callback(
+    uv.uv_connect_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        _TCPConnectRequest wrapper
+        TCPTransport transport
+
+    wrapper = <_TCPConnectRequest> req.data
+    transport = wrapper.transport
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+    else:
+        exc = None
+
+    try:
+        transport._on_connect(exc)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        wrapper.transport._fatal_error(ex, False)
+    finally:
+        wrapper.on_done()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda23b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+cdef class UVTimer(UVHandle):
+    cdef:
+        method_t callback
+        object ctx
+        bint running
+        uint64_t timeout
+        uint64_t start_t
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+               uint64_t timeout)
+
+    cdef stop(self)
+    cdef start(self)
+    cdef get_when(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVTimer new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+                     uint64_t timeout)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86d46ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/timer.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UVTimer(UVHandle):
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+               uint64_t timeout):
+
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*> PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_timer_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_timer_init(self._loop.uvloop, <uv.uv_timer_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.running = 0
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.start_t = 0
+
+    cdef stop(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self._is_alive():
+            self.running = 0
+            return
+
+        if self.running == 1:
+            err = uv.uv_timer_stop(<uv.uv_timer_t*>self._handle)
+            self.running = 0
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+
+    cdef start(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self.running == 0:
+            # Update libuv internal time.
+            uv.uv_update_time(self._loop.uvloop)  # void
+            self.start_t = uv.uv_now(self._loop.uvloop)
+
+            err = uv.uv_timer_start(<uv.uv_timer_t*>self._handle,
+                                    __uvtimer_callback,
+                                    self.timeout, 0)
+            if err < 0:
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+                return
+            self.running = 1
+
+    cdef get_when(self):
+        return self.start_t + self.timeout
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef UVTimer new(Loop loop, method_t callback, object ctx,
+                     uint64_t timeout):
+
+        cdef UVTimer handle
+        handle = UVTimer.__new__(UVTimer)
+        handle._init(loop, callback, ctx, timeout)
+        return handle
+
+
+cdef void __uvtimer_callback(
+    uv.uv_timer_t* handle,
+) noexcept with gil:
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle, "UVTimer callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UVTimer timer = <UVTimer> handle.data
+        method_t cb = timer.callback
+
+    timer.running = 0
+    try:
+        cb(timer.ctx)
+    except BaseException as ex:
+        timer._error(ex, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daa9a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+cdef class UDPTransport(UVBaseTransport):
+    cdef:
+        bint __receiving
+        int _family
+        object _address
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, unsigned int family)
+    cdef _set_address(self, system.addrinfo *addr)
+
+    cdef _connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr, size_t addr_len)
+
+    cdef _bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr)
+    cdef open(self, int family, int sockfd)
+    cdef _set_broadcast(self, bint on)
+
+    cdef inline __receiving_started(self)
+    cdef inline __receiving_stopped(self)
+
+    cdef _send(self, object data, object addr)
+
+    cdef _on_receive(self, bytes data, object exc, object addr)
+    cdef _on_sent(self, object exc, object context=*)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef20c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/handles/udp.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+@cython.freelist(DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE)
+cdef class _UDPSendContext:
+    # used to hold additional write request information for uv_write
+
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_udp_send_t   req
+
+        uv.uv_buf_t     uv_buf
+        Py_buffer       py_buf
+
+        UDPTransport    udp
+
+        bint            closed
+
+    cdef close(self):
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+
+        self.closed = 1
+        PyBuffer_Release(&self.py_buf)  # void
+        self.req.data = NULL
+        self.uv_buf.base = NULL
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+        self.udp = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    cdef _UDPSendContext new(UDPTransport udp, object data):
+        cdef _UDPSendContext ctx
+        ctx = _UDPSendContext.__new__(_UDPSendContext)
+        ctx.udp = None
+        ctx.closed = 1
+
+        ctx.req.data = <void*> ctx
+        Py_INCREF(ctx)
+
+        PyObject_GetBuffer(data, &ctx.py_buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+        ctx.uv_buf.base = <char*>ctx.py_buf.buf
+        ctx.uv_buf.len = ctx.py_buf.len
+        ctx.udp = udp
+
+        ctx.closed = 0
+        return ctx
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if not self.closed:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'open _UDPSendContext is being deallocated')
+        self.udp = None
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class UDPTransport(UVBaseTransport):
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        self._family = uv.AF_UNSPEC
+        self.__receiving = 0
+        self._address = None
+        self.context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+    cdef _init(self, Loop loop, unsigned int family):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._start_init(loop)
+
+        self._handle = <uv.uv_handle_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_udp_t))
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_init_ex(loop.uvloop,
+                                <uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                family)
+        if err < 0:
+            self._abort_init()
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        if family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+            self._family = family
+
+        self._finish_init()
+
+    cdef _set_address(self, system.addrinfo *addr):
+        self._address = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(addr.ai_addr)
+
+    cdef _connect(self, system.sockaddr* addr, size_t addr_len):
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_udp_connect(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle, addr)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef open(self, int family, int sockfd):
+        if family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6, uv.AF_UNIX):
+            self._family = family
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'cannot open a UDP handle, invalid family {}'.format(family))
+
+        cdef int err
+        err = uv.uv_udp_open(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                             <uv.uv_os_sock_t>sockfd)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef _bind(self, system.sockaddr* addr):
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            int flags = 0
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_bind(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle, addr, flags)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef _set_broadcast(self, bint on):
+        cdef int err
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_set_broadcast(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle, on)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            raise exc
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        if self._handle is NULL:
+            return 0
+        return (<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle).send_queue_size
+
+    cdef bint _is_reading(self):
+        return self.__receiving
+
+    cdef _start_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self.__receiving:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_recv_start(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                   __loop_alloc_buffer,
+                                   __uv_udp_on_receive)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            # UDPTransport must live until the read callback is called
+            self.__receiving_started()
+
+    cdef _stop_reading(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if not self.__receiving:
+            return
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        err = uv.uv_udp_recv_stop(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle)
+        if err < 0:
+            exc = convert_error(err)
+            self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            return
+        else:
+            self.__receiving_stopped()
+
+    cdef inline __receiving_started(self):
+        if self.__receiving:
+            return
+        self.__receiving = 1
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+    cdef inline __receiving_stopped(self):
+        if not self.__receiving:
+            return
+        self.__receiving = 0
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef _new_socket(self):
+        if self._family not in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6, uv.AF_UNIX):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'UDPTransport.family is undefined; '
+                'cannot create python socket')
+
+        fileno = self._fileno()
+        return PseudoSocket(self._family, uv.SOCK_DGRAM, 0, fileno)
+
+    cdef _send(self, object data, object addr):
+        cdef:
+            _UDPSendContext ctx
+            system.sockaddr_storage saddr_st
+            system.sockaddr *saddr
+            Py_buffer       try_pybuf
+            uv.uv_buf_t     try_uvbuf
+
+        self._ensure_alive()
+
+        if self._family not in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6, uv.AF_UNIX):
+            raise RuntimeError('UDPTransport.family is undefined; cannot send')
+
+        if addr is None:
+            saddr = NULL
+        else:
+            try:
+                __convert_pyaddr_to_sockaddr(self._family, addr,
+                                             <system.sockaddr*>&saddr_st)
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f'{addr!r}: socket family mismatch or '
+                    f'a DNS lookup is required')
+            saddr = <system.sockaddr*>(&saddr_st)
+
+        if self._get_write_buffer_size() == 0:
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(data, &try_pybuf, PyBUF_SIMPLE)
+            try_uvbuf.base = <char*>try_pybuf.buf
+            try_uvbuf.len = try_pybuf.len
+            err = uv.uv_udp_try_send(<uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                     &try_uvbuf,
+                                     1,
+                                     saddr)
+            PyBuffer_Release(&try_pybuf)
+        else:
+            err = uv.UV_EAGAIN
+
+        if err == uv.UV_EAGAIN:
+            ctx = _UDPSendContext.new(self, data)
+            err = uv.uv_udp_send(&ctx.req,
+                                 <uv.uv_udp_t*>self._handle,
+                                 &ctx.uv_buf,
+                                 1,
+                                 saddr,
+                                 __uv_udp_on_send)
+
+            if err < 0:
+                ctx.close()
+
+                exc = convert_error(err)
+                if isinstance(exc, OSError):
+                    run_in_context1(self.context.copy(), self._protocol.error_received, exc)
+                else:
+                    self._fatal_error(exc, True)
+            else:
+                self._maybe_pause_protocol()
+
+        else:
+            self._on_sent(convert_error(err) if err < 0 else None, self.context.copy())
+
+    cdef _on_receive(self, bytes data, object exc, object addr):
+        if exc is None:
+            run_in_context2(
+                self.context, self._protocol.datagram_received, data, addr,
+            )
+        else:
+            run_in_context1(self.context, self._protocol.error_received, exc)
+
+    cdef _on_sent(self, object exc, object context=None):
+        if exc is not None:
+            if isinstance(exc, OSError):
+                if context is None:
+                    context = self.context
+                run_in_context1(context, self._protocol.error_received, exc)
+            else:
+                self._fatal_error(
+                    exc, False, 'Fatal write error on datagram transport')
+
+        self._maybe_resume_protocol()
+        if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+            if self._closing:
+                self._schedule_call_connection_lost(None)
+
+    # === Public API ===
+
+    def sendto(self, data, addr=None):
+        if not data:
+            # Replicating asyncio logic here.
+            return
+
+        if self._address:
+            if addr not in (None, self._address):
+                # Replicating asyncio logic here.
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'Invalid address: must be None or %s' % (self._address,))
+
+            # Instead of setting addr to self._address below like what asyncio
+            # does, we depend on previous uv_udp_connect() to set the address
+            addr = None
+
+        if self._conn_lost:
+            # Replicating asyncio logic here.
+            if self._conn_lost >= LOG_THRESHOLD_FOR_CONNLOST_WRITES:
+                aio_logger.warning('socket.send() raised exception.')
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+
+        self._send(data, addr)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_udp_on_receive(
+    uv.uv_udp_t* handle,
+    ssize_t nread,
+    const uv.uv_buf_t* buf,
+    const system.sockaddr* addr,
+    unsigned flags
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if __ensure_handle_data(<uv.uv_handle_t*>handle,
+                            "UDPTransport receive callback") == 0:
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        UDPTransport udp = <UDPTransport>handle.data
+        Loop loop = udp._loop
+        bytes data
+        object pyaddr
+
+    # It's OK to free the buffer early, since nothing will
+    # be able to touch it until this method is done.
+    __loop_free_buffer(loop)
+
+    if udp._closed:
+        # The handle was closed, there is no reason to
+        # do any work now.
+        udp.__receiving_stopped()  # Just in case.
+        return
+
+    if addr is NULL and nread == 0:
+        # From libuv docs:
+        #      addr: struct sockaddr* containing the address
+        #      of the sender. Can be NULL. Valid for the duration
+        #      of the callback only.
+        #      [...]
+        #      The receive callback will be called with
+        #      nread == 0 and addr == NULL when there is
+        #      nothing to read, and with nread == 0 and
+        #      addr != NULL when an empty UDP packet is
+        #      received.
+        return
+
+    if addr is NULL:
+        pyaddr = None
+    elif addr.sa_family == uv.AF_UNSPEC:
+        # https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/304
+        if system.PLATFORM_IS_LINUX:
+            pyaddr = None
+        else:
+            pyaddr = ''
+    else:
+        try:
+            pyaddr = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(addr)
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            udp._error(exc, False)
+            return
+
+    if nread < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(nread)
+        udp._on_receive(None, exc, pyaddr)
+        return
+
+    if nread == 0:
+        data = b''
+    else:
+        data = loop._recv_buffer[:nread]
+
+    try:
+        udp._on_receive(data, None, pyaddr)
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        udp._error(exc, False)
+
+
+cdef void __uv_udp_on_send(
+    uv.uv_udp_send_t* req,
+    int status,
+) noexcept with gil:
+
+    if req.data is NULL:
+        # Shouldn't happen as:
+        #    - _UDPSendContext does an extra INCREF in its 'init()'
+        #    - _UDPSendContext holds a ref to the relevant UDPTransport
+        aio_logger.error(
+            'UVStream.write callback called with NULL req.data, status=%r',
+            status)
+        return
+
+    cdef:
+        _UDPSendContext ctx = <_UDPSendContext> req.data
+        UDPTransport udp = <UDPTransport>ctx.udp
+
+    ctx.close()
+
+    if status < 0:
+        exc = convert_error(status)
+        print(exc)
+    else:
+        exc = None
+
+    try:
+        udp._on_sent(exc)
+    except BaseException as exc:
+        udp._error(exc, False)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ccf9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+
+# These have to be synced with the stdlib.pxi
+import asyncio
+import collections
+import concurrent.futures
+import errno
+import functools
+import gc
+import inspect
+import itertools
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import traceback
+import time
+import warnings
+import weakref
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e8456a
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/consts.pxi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/consts.pxi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f3c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/consts.pxi
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+cdef enum:
+    UV_STREAM_RECV_BUF_SIZE = 256000  # 250kb
+
+    FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER = 64  # KiB
+    FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_READ = 256  # KiB
+    FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_WRITE = 512  # KiB
+
+    DEFAULT_FREELIST_SIZE = 250
+    DNS_PYADDR_TO_SOCKADDR_CACHE_SIZE = 2048
+
+    DEBUG_STACK_DEPTH = 10
+
+
+    __PROCESS_DEBUG_SLEEP_AFTER_FORK = 1
+
+
+    LOG_THRESHOLD_FOR_CONNLOST_WRITES = 5
+    SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE = 256 * 1024
+
+
+cdef extern from *:
+    '''
+    // Number of seconds to wait for SSL handshake to complete
+    // The default timeout matches that of Nginx.
+    #define SSL_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT 60.0
+
+    // Number of seconds to wait for SSL shutdown to complete
+    // The default timeout mimics lingering_time
+    #define SSL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT 30.0
+    '''
+
+    const float SSL_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT
+    const float SSL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/debug.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/debug.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a825def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/debug.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cdef extern from "includes/debug.h":
+
+    cdef int UVLOOP_DEBUG
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/flowcontrol.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/flowcontrol.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f22f1a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/flowcontrol.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+
+
+cdef inline add_flowcontrol_defaults(high, low, int kb):
+    cdef int h, l
+    if high is None:
+        if low is None:
+            h = kb * 1024
+        else:
+            l = low
+            h = 4 * l
+    else:
+        h = high
+    if low is None:
+        l = h // 4
+    else:
+        l = low
+
+    if not h >= l >= 0:
+        raise ValueError('high (%r) must be >= low (%r) must be >= 0' %
+                         (h, l))
+
+    return h, l
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/python.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/python.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94007e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/python.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+cdef extern from "Python.h":
+    int PY_VERSION_HEX
+
+    unicode PyUnicode_FromString(const char *)
+
+    void* PyMem_RawMalloc(size_t n) nogil
+    void* PyMem_RawRealloc(void *p, size_t n) nogil
+    void* PyMem_RawCalloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize) nogil
+    void PyMem_RawFree(void *p) nogil
+
+    object PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(object)
+    void PyErr_SetInterrupt() nogil
+
+    object PyMemoryView_FromMemory(char *mem, ssize_t size, int flags)
+    object PyMemoryView_FromObject(object obj)
+    int PyMemoryView_Check(object obj)
+
+    cdef enum:
+        PyBUF_WRITE
+
+
+cdef extern from "includes/compat.h":
+    object Context_CopyCurrent()
+    int Context_Enter(object) except -1
+    int Context_Exit(object) except -1
+
+    void PyOS_BeforeFork()
+    void PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
+    void PyOS_AfterFork_Child()
+
+    void _Py_RestoreSignals()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/stdlib.pxi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/stdlib.pxi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02605a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/stdlib.pxi
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# flake8: noqa
+
+
+import asyncio, asyncio.log, asyncio.base_events, \
+       asyncio.sslproto, asyncio.coroutines, \
+       asyncio.futures, asyncio.transports
+import collections.abc
+import concurrent.futures
+import errno
+import functools
+import gc
+import inspect
+import itertools
+import os
+import signal
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import ssl
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+import traceback
+import time
+import warnings
+import weakref
+
+
+cdef aio_get_event_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop
+cdef aio_CancelledError = asyncio.CancelledError
+cdef aio_InvalidStateError = asyncio.InvalidStateError
+cdef aio_TimeoutError = asyncio.TimeoutError
+cdef aio_Future = asyncio.Future
+cdef aio_Task = asyncio.Task
+cdef aio_ensure_future = asyncio.ensure_future
+cdef aio_gather = asyncio.gather
+cdef aio_wait = asyncio.wait
+cdef aio_wrap_future = asyncio.wrap_future
+cdef aio_logger = asyncio.log.logger
+cdef aio_iscoroutine = asyncio.iscoroutine
+cdef aio_iscoroutinefunction = asyncio.iscoroutinefunction
+cdef aio_BaseProtocol = asyncio.BaseProtocol
+cdef aio_Protocol = asyncio.Protocol
+cdef aio_isfuture = getattr(asyncio, 'isfuture', None)
+cdef aio_get_running_loop = getattr(asyncio, '_get_running_loop', None)
+cdef aio_set_running_loop = getattr(asyncio, '_set_running_loop', None)
+cdef aio_debug_wrapper = getattr(asyncio.coroutines, 'debug_wrapper', None)
+cdef aio_AbstractChildWatcher = getattr(asyncio, "AbstractChildWatcher", ())
+cdef aio_Transport = asyncio.Transport
+cdef aio_FlowControlMixin = asyncio.transports._FlowControlMixin
+
+cdef col_deque = collections.deque
+cdef col_Iterable = collections.abc.Iterable
+cdef col_Counter = collections.Counter
+cdef col_OrderedDict = collections.OrderedDict
+
+cdef cc_ThreadPoolExecutor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor
+cdef cc_Future = concurrent.futures.Future
+
+cdef errno_EBADF = errno.EBADF
+cdef errno_EINVAL = errno.EINVAL
+
+cdef ft_partial = functools.partial
+
+cdef gc_disable = gc.disable
+
+cdef iter_chain = itertools.chain
+cdef inspect_isgenerator = inspect.isgenerator
+
+cdef int has_IPV6_V6ONLY = hasattr(socket, 'IPV6_V6ONLY')
+cdef int IPV6_V6ONLY = getattr(socket, 'IPV6_V6ONLY', -1)
+cdef int has_SO_REUSEPORT = hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT')
+cdef int SO_REUSEPORT = getattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT', 0)
+cdef int SO_BROADCAST = getattr(socket, 'SO_BROADCAST')
+cdef int SOCK_NONBLOCK = getattr(socket, 'SOCK_NONBLOCK', -1)
+cdef int socket_AI_CANONNAME = getattr(socket, 'AI_CANONNAME')
+
+cdef socket_gaierror = socket.gaierror
+cdef socket_error = socket.error
+cdef socket_timeout = socket.timeout
+cdef socket_socket = socket.socket
+cdef socket_socketpair = socket.socketpair
+cdef socket_getservbyname = socket.getservbyname
+cdef socket_AddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily
+cdef socket_SocketKind = socket.SocketKind
+
+cdef int socket_EAI_ADDRFAMILY = getattr(socket, 'EAI_ADDRFAMILY', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_AGAIN      = getattr(socket, 'EAI_AGAIN', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_BADFLAGS   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_BADFLAGS', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_BADHINTS   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_BADHINTS', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_CANCELED   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_CANCELED', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_FAIL       = getattr(socket, 'EAI_FAIL', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_FAMILY     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_FAMILY', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_MEMORY     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_MEMORY', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_NODATA     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_NODATA', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_NONAME     = getattr(socket, 'EAI_NONAME', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_OVERFLOW   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_OVERFLOW', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_PROTOCOL   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_PROTOCOL', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_SERVICE    = getattr(socket, 'EAI_SERVICE', -1)
+cdef int socket_EAI_SOCKTYPE   = getattr(socket, 'EAI_SOCKTYPE', -1)
+
+
+cdef str os_name = os.name
+cdef os_environ = os.environ
+cdef os_dup = os.dup
+cdef os_set_inheritable = os.set_inheritable
+cdef os_get_inheritable = os.get_inheritable
+cdef os_close = os.close
+cdef os_open = os.open
+cdef os_devnull = os.devnull
+cdef os_O_RDWR = os.O_RDWR
+cdef os_pipe = os.pipe
+cdef os_read = os.read
+cdef os_remove = os.remove
+cdef os_stat = os.stat
+cdef os_unlink = os.unlink
+cdef os_fspath = os.fspath
+
+cdef stat_S_ISSOCK = stat.S_ISSOCK
+
+cdef sys_ignore_environment = sys.flags.ignore_environment
+cdef sys_dev_mode = sys.flags.dev_mode
+cdef sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info
+cdef sys_set_coroutine_wrapper = getattr(sys, 'set_coroutine_wrapper', None)
+cdef sys_get_coroutine_wrapper = getattr(sys, 'get_coroutine_wrapper', None)
+cdef sys_getframe = sys._getframe
+cdef sys_version_info = sys.version_info
+cdef sys_getfilesystemencoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding
+cdef str sys_platform = sys.platform
+
+cdef ssl_SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
+cdef ssl_MemoryBIO = ssl.MemoryBIO
+cdef ssl_create_default_context = ssl.create_default_context
+cdef ssl_SSLError = ssl.SSLError
+cdef ssl_SSLAgainErrors = (ssl.SSLWantReadError, ssl.SSLSyscallError)
+cdef ssl_SSLZeroReturnError = ssl.SSLZeroReturnError
+cdef ssl_CertificateError = ssl.CertificateError
+cdef int ssl_SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ = ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ
+cdef int ssl_SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE = ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
+cdef int ssl_SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL = ssl.SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
+
+cdef threading_Thread = threading.Thread
+cdef threading_main_thread = threading.main_thread
+
+cdef int subprocess_PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
+cdef int subprocess_STDOUT = subprocess.STDOUT
+cdef int subprocess_DEVNULL = subprocess.DEVNULL
+cdef subprocess_SubprocessError = subprocess.SubprocessError
+
+cdef int signal_NSIG = signal.NSIG
+cdef signal_signal = signal.signal
+cdef signal_siginterrupt = signal.siginterrupt
+cdef signal_set_wakeup_fd = signal.set_wakeup_fd
+cdef signal_default_int_handler = signal.default_int_handler
+cdef signal_SIG_DFL = signal.SIG_DFL
+
+cdef time_sleep = time.sleep
+cdef time_monotonic = time.monotonic
+
+cdef tb_StackSummary = traceback.StackSummary
+cdef tb_walk_stack = traceback.walk_stack
+cdef tb_format_list = traceback.format_list
+
+cdef warnings_warn = warnings.warn
+
+cdef weakref_WeakValueDictionary = weakref.WeakValueDictionary
+cdef weakref_WeakSet = weakref.WeakSet
+
+cdef py_inf = float('inf')
+
+
+# Cython doesn't clean-up imported objects properly in Py3 mode,
+# so we delete refs to all modules manually (except sys)
+del asyncio, concurrent, collections, errno
+del functools, inspect, itertools, socket, os, threading
+del signal, subprocess, ssl
+del time, traceback, warnings, weakref
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/system.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/system.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..367fedd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/system.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport int8_t, uint64_t
+
+cdef extern from "arpa/inet.h" nogil:
+
+    int ntohl(int)
+    int htonl(int)
+    int ntohs(int)
+
+
+cdef extern from "sys/socket.h" nogil:
+
+    struct sockaddr:
+        unsigned short sa_family
+        char           sa_data[14]
+
+    struct addrinfo:
+        int            ai_flags
+        int            ai_family
+        int            ai_socktype
+        int            ai_protocol
+        size_t         ai_addrlen
+        sockaddr*      ai_addr
+        char*          ai_canonname
+        addrinfo*      ai_next
+
+    struct sockaddr_in:
+        unsigned short sin_family
+        unsigned short sin_port
+        # ...
+
+    struct sockaddr_in6:
+        unsigned short sin6_family
+        unsigned short sin6_port
+        unsigned long  sin6_flowinfo
+        # ...
+        unsigned long  sin6_scope_id
+
+    struct sockaddr_storage:
+        unsigned short ss_family
+        # ...
+
+    const char *gai_strerror(int errcode)
+
+    int socketpair(int domain, int type, int protocol, int socket_vector[2])
+
+    int setsockopt(int socket, int level, int option_name,
+                   const void *option_value, int option_len)
+
+
+cdef extern from "sys/un.h" nogil:
+
+    struct sockaddr_un:
+        unsigned short sun_family
+        char*          sun_path
+        # ...
+
+
+cdef extern from "unistd.h" nogil:
+
+    ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+    void _exit(int status)
+
+
+cdef extern from "pthread.h":
+
+    int pthread_atfork(
+        void (*prepare)(),
+        void (*parent)(),
+        void (*child)())
+
+
+cdef extern from "includes/compat.h" nogil:
+
+    cdef int EWOULDBLOCK
+
+    cdef int PLATFORM_IS_APPLE
+    cdef int PLATFORM_IS_LINUX
+
+    struct epoll_event:
+        # We don't use the fields
+        pass
+
+    int EPOLL_CTL_DEL
+    int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, epoll_event *event)
+    object MakeUnixSockPyAddr(sockaddr_un *addr)
+
+
+cdef extern from "includes/fork_handler.h":
+
+    uint64_t MAIN_THREAD_ID
+    int8_t MAIN_THREAD_ID_SET
+    ctypedef void (*OnForkHandler)()
+    void handleAtFork()
+    void setForkHandler(OnForkHandler handler)
+    void resetForkHandler()
+    void setMainThreadID(uint64_t id)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/uv.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/uv.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..510b149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/includes/uv.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, int64_t
+from posix.types cimport gid_t, uid_t
+from posix.unistd cimport getuid
+
+from . cimport system
+
+# This is an internal enum UV_HANDLE_READABLE from uv-common.h, used only by
+# handles/pipe.pyx to temporarily workaround a libuv issue libuv/libuv#2058,
+# before there is a proper fix in libuv. In short, libuv disallowed feeding a
+# write-only pipe to uv_read_start(), which was needed by uvloop to detect a
+# broken pipe without having to send anything on the write-only end. We're
+# setting UV_HANDLE_READABLE on pipe_t to workaround this limitation
+# temporarily, please see also #317.
+cdef enum:
+    UV_INTERNAL_HANDLE_READABLE = 0x00004000
+
+cdef extern from "uv.h" nogil:
+    cdef int UV_TCP_IPV6ONLY
+
+    cdef int UV_EACCES
+    cdef int UV_EAGAIN
+    cdef int UV_EALREADY
+    cdef int UV_EBUSY
+    cdef int UV_ECONNABORTED
+    cdef int UV_ECONNREFUSED
+    cdef int UV_ECONNRESET
+    cdef int UV_ECANCELED
+    cdef int UV_EEXIST
+    cdef int UV_EINTR
+    cdef int UV_EINVAL
+    cdef int UV_EISDIR
+    cdef int UV_ENOENT
+    cdef int UV_EOF
+    cdef int UV_EPERM
+    cdef int UV_EPIPE
+    cdef int UV_ESHUTDOWN
+    cdef int UV_ESRCH
+    cdef int UV_ETIMEDOUT
+    cdef int UV_EBADF
+    cdef int UV_ENOBUFS
+
+    cdef int UV_EAI_ADDRFAMILY
+    cdef int UV_EAI_AGAIN
+    cdef int UV_EAI_BADFLAGS
+    cdef int UV_EAI_BADHINTS
+    cdef int UV_EAI_CANCELED
+    cdef int UV_EAI_FAIL
+    cdef int UV_EAI_FAMILY
+    cdef int UV_EAI_MEMORY
+    cdef int UV_EAI_NODATA
+    cdef int UV_EAI_NONAME
+    cdef int UV_EAI_OVERFLOW
+    cdef int UV_EAI_PROTOCOL
+    cdef int UV_EAI_SERVICE
+    cdef int UV_EAI_SOCKTYPE
+
+    cdef int SOL_SOCKET
+    cdef int SO_ERROR
+    cdef int SO_REUSEADDR
+    # use has_SO_REUSEPORT and SO_REUSEPORT in stdlib.pxi instead
+    cdef int AF_INET
+    cdef int AF_INET6
+    cdef int AF_UNIX
+    cdef int AF_UNSPEC
+    cdef int AI_PASSIVE
+    cdef int AI_NUMERICHOST
+    cdef int INET6_ADDRSTRLEN
+    cdef int IPPROTO_IPV6
+    cdef int SOCK_STREAM
+    cdef int SOCK_DGRAM
+    cdef int IPPROTO_TCP
+    cdef int IPPROTO_UDP
+
+    cdef int SIGINT
+    cdef int SIGHUP
+    cdef int SIGCHLD
+    cdef int SIGKILL
+    cdef int SIGTERM
+
+    ctypedef int uv_os_sock_t
+    ctypedef int uv_file
+    ctypedef int uv_os_fd_t
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_buf_t:
+        char* base
+        size_t len
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_loop_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_handle_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        unsigned int flags
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_idle_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_check_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_signal_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_async_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_timer_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_stream_t:
+        void* data
+        size_t write_queue_size
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_tcp_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_pipe_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_udp_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        size_t send_queue_size
+        size_t send_queue_count
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_udp_send_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_udp_t* handle
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_poll_t:
+        void* data
+        uv_loop_t* loop
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_req_t:
+        # Only cancellation of uv_fs_t, uv_getaddrinfo_t,
+        # uv_getnameinfo_t and uv_work_t requests is
+        # currently supported.
+        void* data
+        uv_req_type type
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_connect_t:
+        void* data
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_getaddrinfo_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_getnameinfo_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_write_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_shutdown_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_process_t:
+        void* data
+        int pid
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_fs_event_t:
+        void* data
+        # ...
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_req_type:
+        UV_UNKNOWN_REQ = 0,
+        UV_REQ,
+        UV_CONNECT,
+        UV_WRITE,
+        UV_SHUTDOWN,
+        UV_UDP_SEND,
+        UV_FS,
+        UV_WORK,
+        UV_GETADDRINFO,
+        UV_GETNAMEINFO,
+        UV_REQ_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+        UV_REQ_TYPE_MAX
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_run_mode:
+        UV_RUN_DEFAULT = 0,
+        UV_RUN_ONCE,
+        UV_RUN_NOWAIT
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_poll_event:
+        UV_READABLE = 1,
+        UV_WRITABLE = 2,
+        UV_DISCONNECT = 4
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_udp_flags:
+        UV_UDP_IPV6ONLY = 1,
+        UV_UDP_PARTIAL = 2
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_membership:
+        UV_LEAVE_GROUP = 0,
+        UV_JOIN_GROUP
+
+    cdef enum uv_fs_event:
+        UV_RENAME = 1,
+        UV_CHANGE = 2
+
+    const char* uv_strerror(int err)
+    const char* uv_err_name(int err)
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_walk_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle, void* arg) with gil
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_close_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_idle_cb)(uv_idle_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_check_cb)(uv_check_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_signal_cb)(uv_signal_t* handle, int signum) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_async_cb)(uv_async_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_timer_cb)(uv_timer_t* handle) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_connection_cb)(uv_stream_t* server, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_alloc_cb)(uv_handle_t* handle,
+                                 size_t suggested_size,
+                                 uv_buf_t* buf) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_read_cb)(uv_stream_t* stream,
+                                ssize_t nread,
+                                const uv_buf_t* buf) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_write_cb)(uv_write_t* req, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_getaddrinfo_cb)(uv_getaddrinfo_t* req,
+                                       int status,
+                                       system.addrinfo* res) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_getnameinfo_cb)(uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
+                                       int status,
+                                       const char* hostname,
+                                       const char* service) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_shutdown_cb)(uv_shutdown_t* req, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_poll_cb)(uv_poll_t* handle,
+                                int status, int events) with gil
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_connect_cb)(uv_connect_t* req, int status) with gil
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_udp_send_cb)(uv_udp_send_t* req, int status) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_udp_recv_cb)(uv_udp_t* handle,
+                                    ssize_t nread,
+                                    const uv_buf_t* buf,
+                                    const system.sockaddr* addr,
+                                    unsigned flags) with gil
+    ctypedef void (*uv_fs_event_cb)(uv_fs_event_t* handle,
+                                    const char *filename,
+                                    int events,
+                                    int status) with gil
+
+    # Generic request functions
+    int uv_cancel(uv_req_t* req)
+
+    # Generic handler functions
+    int uv_is_active(const uv_handle_t* handle)
+    void uv_close(uv_handle_t* handle, uv_close_cb close_cb)
+    int uv_is_closing(const uv_handle_t* handle)
+    int uv_fileno(const uv_handle_t* handle, uv_os_fd_t* fd)
+    void uv_walk(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_walk_cb walk_cb, void* arg)
+
+    # Loop functions
+    int uv_loop_init(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    int uv_loop_close(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    int uv_loop_alive(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    int uv_loop_fork(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    uv_os_fd_t uv_backend_fd(uv_loop_t* loop)
+
+    void uv_update_time(uv_loop_t* loop)
+    uint64_t uv_now(const uv_loop_t*)
+
+    int uv_run(uv_loop_t*, uv_run_mode mode) nogil
+    void uv_stop(uv_loop_t*)
+
+    # Idle handler
+    int uv_idle_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_idle_t* idle)
+    int uv_idle_start(uv_idle_t* idle, uv_idle_cb cb)
+    int uv_idle_stop(uv_idle_t* idle)
+
+    # Check handler
+    int uv_check_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_check_t* idle)
+    int uv_check_start(uv_check_t* check, uv_check_cb cb)
+    int uv_check_stop(uv_check_t* check)
+
+    # Signal handler
+    int uv_signal_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_signal_t* handle)
+    int uv_signal_start(uv_signal_t* handle,
+                        uv_signal_cb signal_cb,
+                        int signum)
+    int uv_signal_stop(uv_signal_t* handle)
+
+    # Async handler
+    int uv_async_init(uv_loop_t*,
+                      uv_async_t* async_,
+                      uv_async_cb async_cb)
+    int uv_async_send(uv_async_t* async_)
+
+    # Timer handler
+    int uv_timer_init(uv_loop_t*, uv_timer_t* handle)
+    int uv_timer_start(uv_timer_t* handle,
+                       uv_timer_cb cb,
+                       uint64_t timeout,
+                       uint64_t repeat)
+    int uv_timer_stop(uv_timer_t* handle)
+
+    # DNS
+    int uv_getaddrinfo(uv_loop_t* loop,
+                       uv_getaddrinfo_t* req,
+                       uv_getaddrinfo_cb getaddrinfo_cb,
+                       const char* node,
+                       const char* service,
+                       const system.addrinfo* hints)
+
+    void uv_freeaddrinfo(system.addrinfo* ai)
+
+    int uv_getnameinfo(uv_loop_t* loop,
+                       uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
+                       uv_getnameinfo_cb getnameinfo_cb,
+                       const system.sockaddr* addr,
+                       int flags)
+
+    int uv_ip4_name(const system.sockaddr_in* src, char* dst, size_t size)
+    int uv_ip6_name(const system.sockaddr_in6* src, char* dst, size_t size)
+
+    # Streams
+
+    int uv_listen(uv_stream_t* stream, int backlog, uv_connection_cb cb)
+    int uv_accept(uv_stream_t* server, uv_stream_t* client)
+    int uv_read_start(uv_stream_t* stream,
+                      uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+                      uv_read_cb read_cb)
+    int uv_read_stop(uv_stream_t*)
+    int uv_write(uv_write_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle,
+                 uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs, uv_write_cb cb)
+
+    int uv_try_write(uv_stream_t* handle, uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs)
+
+    int uv_shutdown(uv_shutdown_t* req, uv_stream_t* handle, uv_shutdown_cb cb)
+
+    int uv_is_readable(const uv_stream_t* handle)
+    int uv_is_writable(const uv_stream_t* handle)
+
+    # TCP
+
+    int uv_tcp_init_ex(uv_loop_t*, uv_tcp_t* handle, unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_tcp_nodelay(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable)
+    int uv_tcp_keepalive(uv_tcp_t* handle, int enable, unsigned int delay)
+    int uv_tcp_open(uv_tcp_t* handle, uv_os_sock_t sock)
+    int uv_tcp_bind(uv_tcp_t* handle, system.sockaddr* addr,
+                    unsigned int flags)
+
+    int uv_tcp_getsockname(const uv_tcp_t* handle, system.sockaddr* name,
+                           int* namelen)
+    int uv_tcp_getpeername(const uv_tcp_t* handle, system.sockaddr* name,
+                           int* namelen)
+
+    int uv_tcp_connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_tcp_t* handle,
+                       const system.sockaddr* addr, uv_connect_cb cb)
+
+    # Pipes
+
+    int uv_pipe_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_pipe_t* handle, int ipc)
+    int uv_pipe_open(uv_pipe_t* handle, uv_os_fd_t file)
+    int uv_pipe_bind(uv_pipe_t* handle, const char* name)
+
+    void uv_pipe_connect(uv_connect_t* req, uv_pipe_t* handle,
+                         const char* name, uv_connect_cb cb)
+
+    # UDP
+
+    int uv_udp_init_ex(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_udp_t* handle, unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_udp_connect(uv_udp_t* handle, const system.sockaddr* addr)
+    int uv_udp_open(uv_udp_t* handle, uv_os_sock_t sock)
+    int uv_udp_bind(uv_udp_t* handle, const system.sockaddr* addr,
+                    unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_udp_send(uv_udp_send_t* req, uv_udp_t* handle,
+                    const uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs,
+                    const system.sockaddr* addr, uv_udp_send_cb send_cb)
+    int uv_udp_try_send(uv_udp_t* handle,
+                        const uv_buf_t bufs[], unsigned int nbufs,
+                        const system.sockaddr* addr)
+    int uv_udp_recv_start(uv_udp_t* handle, uv_alloc_cb alloc_cb,
+                          uv_udp_recv_cb recv_cb)
+    int uv_udp_recv_stop(uv_udp_t* handle)
+    int uv_udp_set_broadcast(uv_udp_t* handle, int on)
+
+    # Polling
+
+    int uv_poll_init(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_poll_t* handle, int fd)
+    int uv_poll_init_socket(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_poll_t* handle,
+                            uv_os_sock_t socket)
+    int uv_poll_start(uv_poll_t* handle, int events, uv_poll_cb cb)
+    int uv_poll_stop(uv_poll_t* poll)
+
+    # FS Event
+
+    int uv_fs_event_init(uv_loop_t *loop, uv_fs_event_t *handle)
+    int uv_fs_event_start(uv_fs_event_t *handle, uv_fs_event_cb cb,
+                          const char *path, unsigned int flags)
+    int uv_fs_event_stop(uv_fs_event_t *handle)
+
+    # Misc
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_timeval_t:
+        long tv_sec
+        long tv_usec
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_rusage_t:
+        uv_timeval_t ru_utime   # user CPU time used
+        uv_timeval_t ru_stime   # system CPU time used
+        uint64_t ru_maxrss      # maximum resident set size
+        uint64_t ru_ixrss       # integral shared memory size
+        uint64_t ru_idrss       # integral unshared data size
+        uint64_t ru_isrss       # integral unshared stack size
+        uint64_t ru_minflt      # page reclaims (soft page faults)
+        uint64_t ru_majflt      # page faults (hard page faults)
+        uint64_t ru_nswap       # swaps
+        uint64_t ru_inblock     # block input operations
+        uint64_t ru_oublock     # block output operations
+        uint64_t ru_msgsnd      # IPC messages sent
+        uint64_t ru_msgrcv      # IPC messages received
+        uint64_t ru_nsignals    # signals received
+        uint64_t ru_nvcsw       # voluntary context switches
+        uint64_t ru_nivcsw      # involuntary context switches
+
+    int uv_getrusage(uv_rusage_t* rusage)
+
+    int uv_ip4_addr(const char* ip, int port, system.sockaddr_in* addr)
+    int uv_ip6_addr(const char* ip, int port, system.sockaddr_in6* addr)
+
+    # Memory Allocation
+
+    ctypedef void* (*uv_malloc_func)(size_t size)
+    ctypedef void* (*uv_realloc_func)(void* ptr, size_t size)
+    ctypedef void* (*uv_calloc_func)(size_t count, size_t size)
+    ctypedef void (*uv_free_func)(void* ptr)
+
+    int uv_replace_allocator(uv_malloc_func malloc_func,
+                             uv_realloc_func realloc_func,
+                             uv_calloc_func calloc_func,
+                             uv_free_func free_func)
+
+    # Process
+
+    ctypedef void (*uv_exit_cb)(uv_process_t*, int64_t exit_status,
+                                int term_signal) with gil
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_process_flags:
+        UV_PROCESS_SETUID = 1,
+        UV_PROCESS_SETGID = 2,
+        UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_VERBATIM_ARGUMENTS = 4,
+        UV_PROCESS_DETACHED = 8,
+        UV_PROCESS_WINDOWS_HIDE = 16
+
+    ctypedef enum uv_stdio_flags:
+        UV_IGNORE = 0x00,
+        UV_CREATE_PIPE = 0x01,
+        UV_INHERIT_FD = 0x02,
+        UV_INHERIT_STREAM = 0x04,
+        UV_READABLE_PIPE = 0x10,
+        UV_WRITABLE_PIPE = 0x20
+
+    ctypedef union uv_stdio_container_data_u:
+        uv_stream_t* stream
+        int fd
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_stdio_container_t:
+        uv_stdio_flags flags
+        uv_stdio_container_data_u data
+
+    ctypedef struct uv_process_options_t:
+        uv_exit_cb exit_cb
+        char* file
+        char** args
+        char** env
+        char* cwd
+        unsigned int flags
+        int stdio_count
+        uv_stdio_container_t* stdio
+        uid_t uid
+        gid_t gid
+
+    int uv_spawn(uv_loop_t* loop, uv_process_t* handle,
+                 const uv_process_options_t* options)
+
+    int uv_process_kill(uv_process_t* handle, int signum)
+
+    unsigned int uv_version()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6ca8729
Binary files /dev/null and b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so differ
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01e39ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# cython: language_level=3
+
+
+from .includes cimport uv
+from .includes cimport system
+
+from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t, uint32_t, int64_t
+
+
+include "includes/consts.pxi"
+
+
+cdef extern from *:
+    ctypedef int vint "volatile int"
+
+
+cdef class UVHandle
+cdef class UVSocketHandle(UVHandle)
+
+cdef class UVAsync(UVHandle)
+cdef class UVTimer(UVHandle)
+cdef class UVIdle(UVHandle)
+
+cdef class UVBaseTransport(UVSocketHandle)
+
+ctypedef object (*method_t)(object)
+ctypedef object (*method1_t)(object, object)
+ctypedef object (*method2_t)(object, object, object)
+ctypedef object (*method3_t)(object, object, object, object)
+
+
+cdef class Loop:
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_loop_t *uvloop
+
+        bint _coroutine_debug_set
+        int _coroutine_origin_tracking_saved_depth
+
+        public slow_callback_duration
+
+        readonly bint _closed
+        bint _debug
+        bint _running
+        bint _stopping
+
+        uint64_t _thread_id
+
+        object _task_factory
+        object _exception_handler
+        object _default_executor
+        object _ready
+        set _queued_streams, _executing_streams
+        Py_ssize_t _ready_len
+
+        set _servers
+
+        object _transports
+        set _processes
+        dict _fd_to_reader_fileobj
+        dict _fd_to_writer_fileobj
+        dict _unix_server_sockets
+
+        set _signals
+        dict _signal_handlers
+        object _ssock
+        object _csock
+        bint _listening_signals
+        int _old_signal_wakeup_id
+
+        set _timers
+        dict _polls
+
+        UVProcess active_process_handler
+
+        UVAsync handler_async
+        UVIdle handler_idle
+        UVCheck handler_check__exec_writes
+
+        object _last_error
+
+        cdef object __weakref__
+
+        object _asyncgens
+        bint _asyncgens_shutdown_called
+
+        bint _executor_shutdown_called
+
+        char _recv_buffer[UV_STREAM_RECV_BUF_SIZE]
+        bint _recv_buffer_in_use
+
+        # DEBUG fields
+        # True when compiled with DEBUG.
+        # Used only in unittests.
+        readonly bint _debug_cc
+
+        readonly object _debug_handles_total
+        readonly object _debug_handles_closed
+        readonly object _debug_handles_current
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_uv_handles_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_uv_handles_freed
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_handles_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_handles_count
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_timer_handles_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_cb_timer_handles_count
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_listen_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_cb_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_eof_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_read_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_tries
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_ctx_total
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_read_events_total
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_read_cb_errors_total
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_write_events_total
+        readonly uint64_t _poll_write_cb_errors_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _sock_try_write_total
+
+        readonly uint64_t _debug_exception_handler_cnt
+
+    cdef _init_debug_fields(self)
+
+    cdef _on_wake(self)
+    cdef _on_idle(self)
+
+    cdef __run(self, uv.uv_run_mode)
+    cdef _run(self, uv.uv_run_mode)
+
+    cdef _close(self)
+    cdef _stop(self, exc)
+    cdef uint64_t _time(self)
+
+    cdef inline _queue_write(self, UVStream stream)
+    cdef _exec_queued_writes(self)
+
+    cdef inline _call_soon(self, object callback, object args, object context)
+    cdef inline _append_ready_handle(self, Handle handle)
+    cdef inline _call_soon_handle(self, Handle handle)
+
+    cdef _call_later(self, uint64_t delay, object callback, object args,
+                     object context)
+
+    cdef void _handle_exception(self, object ex)
+
+    cdef inline _is_main_thread(self)
+
+    cdef inline _new_future(self)
+    cdef inline _check_signal(self, sig)
+    cdef inline _check_closed(self)
+    cdef inline _check_thread(self)
+
+    cdef _getaddrinfo(self, object host, object port,
+                      int family, int type,
+                      int proto, int flags,
+                      int unpack)
+
+    cdef _getnameinfo(self, system.sockaddr *addr, int flags)
+
+    cdef _track_transport(self, UVBaseTransport transport)
+    cdef _fileobj_to_fd(self, fileobj)
+    cdef _ensure_fd_no_transport(self, fd)
+
+    cdef _track_process(self, UVProcess proc)
+    cdef _untrack_process(self, UVProcess proc)
+
+    cdef _add_reader(self, fd, Handle handle)
+    cdef _has_reader(self, fd)
+    cdef _remove_reader(self, fd)
+
+    cdef _add_writer(self, fd, Handle handle)
+    cdef _has_writer(self, fd)
+    cdef _remove_writer(self, fd)
+
+    cdef _sock_recv(self, fut, sock, n)
+    cdef _sock_recv_into(self, fut, sock, buf)
+    cdef _sock_sendall(self, fut, sock, data)
+    cdef _sock_accept(self, fut, sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_connect(self, sock, address)
+    cdef _sock_connect_cb(self, fut, sock, address)
+
+    cdef _sock_set_reuseport(self, int fd)
+
+    cdef _setup_or_resume_signals(self)
+    cdef _shutdown_signals(self)
+    cdef _pause_signals(self)
+
+    cdef _handle_signal(self, sig)
+    cdef _read_from_self(self)
+    cdef inline _ceval_process_signals(self)
+    cdef _invoke_signals(self, bytes data)
+
+    cdef _set_coroutine_debug(self, bint enabled)
+
+    cdef _print_debug_info(self)
+
+
+include "cbhandles.pxd"
+
+include "handles/handle.pxd"
+include "handles/async_.pxd"
+include "handles/idle.pxd"
+include "handles/check.pxd"
+include "handles/timer.pxd"
+include "handles/poll.pxd"
+include "handles/basetransport.pxd"
+include "handles/stream.pxd"
+include "handles/streamserver.pxd"
+include "handles/tcp.pxd"
+include "handles/pipe.pxd"
+include "handles/process.pxd"
+include "handles/fsevent.pxd"
+
+include "request.pxd"
+include "sslproto.pxd"
+
+include "handles/udp.pxd"
+
+include "server.pxd"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c8c462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import asyncio
+import ssl
+import sys
+from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind, _Address, _RetAddress, socket
+from typing import (
+    IO,
+    Any,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+)
+
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+_Context = Dict[str, Any]
+_ExceptionHandler = Callable[[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, _Context], Any]
+_SSLContext = Union[bool, None, ssl.SSLContext]
+_ProtocolT = TypeVar("_ProtocolT", bound=asyncio.BaseProtocol)
+
+class Loop:
+    def call_soon(
+        self, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.Handle: ...
+    def call_soon_threadsafe(
+        self, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.Handle: ...
+    def call_later(
+        self, delay: float, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.TimerHandle: ...
+    def call_at(
+        self, when: float, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any, context: Optional[Any] = ...
+    ) -> asyncio.TimerHandle: ...
+    def time(self) -> float: ...
+    def stop(self) -> None: ...
+    def run_forever(self) -> None: ...
+    def close(self) -> None: ...
+    def get_debug(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_debug(self, enabled: bool) -> None: ...
+    def is_running(self) -> bool: ...
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool: ...
+    def create_future(self) -> asyncio.Future[Any]: ...
+    def create_task(
+        self,
+        coro: Union[Awaitable[_T], Generator[Any, None, _T]],
+        *,
+        name: Optional[str] = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.Task[_T]: ...
+    def set_task_factory(
+        self,
+        factory: Optional[
+            Callable[[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Generator[Any, None, _T]], asyncio.Future[_T]]
+        ],
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def get_task_factory(
+        self,
+    ) -> Optional[
+        Callable[[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, Generator[Any, None, _T]], asyncio.Future[_T]]
+    ]: ...
+    @overload
+    def run_until_complete(self, future: Generator[Any, None, _T]) -> _T: ...
+    @overload
+    def run_until_complete(self, future: Awaitable[_T]) -> _T: ...
+    async def getaddrinfo(
+        self,
+        host: Optional[Union[str, bytes]],
+        port: Optional[Union[str, bytes, int]],
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        type: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+    ) -> List[
+        Tuple[
+            AddressFamily,
+            SocketKind,
+            int,
+            str,
+            Union[Tuple[str, int], Tuple[str, int, int, int]],
+        ]
+    ]: ...
+    async def getnameinfo(
+        self,
+        sockaddr: Union[
+            Tuple[str, int],
+            Tuple[str, int, int],
+            Tuple[str, int, int, int]
+        ],
+        flags: int = ...,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]: ...
+    async def start_tls(
+        self,
+        transport: asyncio.BaseTransport,
+        protocol: asyncio.BaseProtocol,
+        sslcontext: ssl.SSLContext,
+        *,
+        server_side: bool = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.BaseTransport: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_server(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: asyncio.events._ProtocolFactory,
+        host: Optional[Union[str, Sequence[str]]] = ...,
+        port: int = ...,
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: None = ...,
+        backlog: int = ...,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        reuse_address: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        reuse_port: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        start_serving: bool = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.AbstractServer: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_server(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: asyncio.events._ProtocolFactory,
+        host: None = ...,
+        port: None = ...,
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: socket = ...,
+        backlog: int = ...,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        reuse_address: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        reuse_port: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        start_serving: bool = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.AbstractServer: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_connection(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        host: str = ...,
+        port: int = ...,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        family: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: None = ...,
+        local_addr: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    @overload
+    async def create_connection(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        host: None = ...,
+        port: None = ...,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        family: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        sock: socket,
+        local_addr: None = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def create_unix_server(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: asyncio.events._ProtocolFactory,
+        path: Optional[str] = ...,
+        *,
+        backlog: int = ...,
+        sock: Optional[socket] = ...,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        start_serving: bool = ...,
+    ) -> asyncio.AbstractServer: ...
+    async def create_unix_connection(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        path: Optional[str] = ...,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        sock: Optional[socket] = ...,
+        server_hostname: Optional[str] = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    def default_exception_handler(self, context: _Context) -> None: ...
+    def get_exception_handler(self) -> Optional[_ExceptionHandler]: ...
+    def set_exception_handler(self, handler: Optional[_ExceptionHandler]) -> None: ...
+    def call_exception_handler(self, context: _Context) -> None: ...
+    def add_reader(self, fd: Any, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any) -> None: ...
+    def remove_reader(self, fd: Any) -> None: ...
+    def add_writer(self, fd: Any, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any) -> None: ...
+    def remove_writer(self, fd: Any) -> None: ...
+    async def sock_recv(self, sock: socket, nbytes: int) -> bytes: ...
+    async def sock_recv_into(self, sock: socket, buf: bytearray) -> int: ...
+    async def sock_sendall(self, sock: socket, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    async def sock_accept(self, sock: socket) -> Tuple[socket, _RetAddress]: ...
+    async def sock_connect(self, sock: socket, address: _Address) -> None: ...
+    async def sock_recvfrom(self, sock: socket, bufsize: int) -> bytes: ...
+    async def sock_recvfrom_into(self, sock: socket, buf: bytearray, nbytes: int = ...) -> int: ...
+    async def sock_sendto(self, sock: socket, data: bytes, address: _Address) -> None: ...
+    async def connect_accepted_socket(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        sock: socket,
+        *,
+        ssl: _SSLContext = ...,
+        ssl_handshake_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def run_in_executor(
+        self, executor: Any, func: Callable[..., _T], *args: Any
+    ) -> _T: ...
+    def set_default_executor(self, executor: Any) -> None: ...
+    async def subprocess_shell(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        cmd: Union[bytes, str],
+        *,
+        stdin: Any = ...,
+        stdout: Any = ...,
+        stderr: Any = ...,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def subprocess_exec(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        *args: Any,
+        stdin: Any = ...,
+        stdout: Any = ...,
+        stderr: Any = ...,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def connect_read_pipe(
+        self, protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT], pipe: Any
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def connect_write_pipe(
+        self, protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT], pipe: Any
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    def add_signal_handler(
+        self, sig: int, callback: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def remove_signal_handler(self, sig: int) -> bool: ...
+    async def create_datagram_endpoint(
+        self,
+        protocol_factory: Callable[[], _ProtocolT],
+        local_addr: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = ...,
+        remote_addr: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = ...,
+        *,
+        family: int = ...,
+        proto: int = ...,
+        flags: int = ...,
+        reuse_address: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        reuse_port: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        allow_broadcast: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        sock: Optional[socket] = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[asyncio.BaseProtocol, _ProtocolT]: ...
+    async def shutdown_asyncgens(self) -> None: ...
+    async def shutdown_default_executor(
+        self,
+        timeout: Optional[float] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    # Loop doesn't implement these, but since they are marked as abstract in typeshed,
+    # we have to put them in so mypy thinks the base methods are overridden
+    async def sendfile(
+        self,
+        transport: asyncio.BaseTransport,
+        file: IO[bytes],
+        offset: int = ...,
+        count: Optional[int] = ...,
+        *,
+        fallback: bool = ...,
+    ) -> int: ...
+    async def sock_sendfile(
+        self,
+        sock: socket,
+        file: IO[bytes],
+        offset: int = ...,
+        count: Optional[int] = ...,
+        *,
+        fallback: bool = ...
+    ) -> int: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ed1f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/loop.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,3424 @@
+# cython: language_level=3, embedsignature=True, freethreading_compatible=True
+
+import asyncio
+cimport cython
+
+from .includes.debug cimport UVLOOP_DEBUG
+from .includes cimport uv
+from .includes cimport system
+from .includes.python cimport (
+    PY_VERSION_HEX,
+    PyMem_RawMalloc, PyMem_RawFree,
+    PyMem_RawCalloc, PyMem_RawRealloc,
+    PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault,
+    PyErr_SetInterrupt,
+    _Py_RestoreSignals,
+    Context_CopyCurrent,
+    Context_Enter,
+    Context_Exit,
+    PyMemoryView_FromMemory, PyBUF_WRITE,
+    PyMemoryView_FromObject, PyMemoryView_Check,
+    PyOS_AfterFork_Parent, PyOS_AfterFork_Child,
+    PyOS_BeforeFork,
+    PyUnicode_FromString
+)
+from .includes.flowcontrol cimport add_flowcontrol_defaults
+
+from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t
+from libc.string cimport memset, strerror, memcpy
+from libc cimport errno
+
+from cpython cimport PyObject
+from cpython cimport PyErr_CheckSignals, PyErr_Occurred
+from cpython cimport PyThread_get_thread_ident
+from cpython cimport Py_INCREF, Py_DECREF, Py_XDECREF, Py_XINCREF
+from cpython cimport (
+    PyObject_GetBuffer, PyBuffer_Release, PyBUF_SIMPLE,
+    Py_buffer, PyBytes_AsString, PyBytes_CheckExact,
+    PyBytes_AsStringAndSize,
+    Py_SIZE, PyBytes_AS_STRING, PyBUF_WRITABLE
+)
+from cpython.pycapsule cimport PyCapsule_New, PyCapsule_GetPointer
+
+from . import _noop
+
+
+include "includes/stdlib.pxi"
+
+include "errors.pyx"
+
+cdef:
+    int PY39 = PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000
+    int PY311 = PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030b0000
+    int PY313 = PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030d0000
+    uint64_t MAX_SLEEP = 3600 * 24 * 365 * 100
+
+
+cdef _is_sock_stream(sock_type):
+    if SOCK_NONBLOCK == -1:
+        return sock_type == uv.SOCK_STREAM
+    else:
+        # Linux's socket.type is a bitmask that can include extra info
+        # about socket (like SOCK_NONBLOCK bit), therefore we can't do simple
+        # `sock_type == socket.SOCK_STREAM`, see
+        # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v4.13/include/linux/net.h#L77
+        # for more details.
+        return (sock_type & 0xF) == uv.SOCK_STREAM
+
+
+cdef _is_sock_dgram(sock_type):
+    if SOCK_NONBLOCK == -1:
+        return sock_type == uv.SOCK_DGRAM
+    else:
+        # Read the comment in `_is_sock_stream`.
+        return (sock_type & 0xF) == uv.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+
+cdef isfuture(obj):
+    if aio_isfuture is None:
+        return isinstance(obj, aio_Future)
+    else:
+        return aio_isfuture(obj)
+
+
+cdef inline socket_inc_io_ref(sock):
+    if isinstance(sock, socket_socket):
+        sock._io_refs += 1
+
+
+cdef inline socket_dec_io_ref(sock):
+    if isinstance(sock, socket_socket):
+        sock._decref_socketios()
+
+
+cdef inline run_in_context(context, method):
+    # This method is internally used to workaround a reference issue that in
+    # certain circumstances, inlined context.run() will not hold a reference to
+    # the given method instance, which - if deallocated - will cause segfault.
+    # See also: edgedb/edgedb#2222
+    Py_INCREF(method)
+    try:
+        return context.run(method)
+    finally:
+        Py_DECREF(method)
+
+
+cdef inline run_in_context1(context, method, arg):
+    Py_INCREF(method)
+    try:
+        return context.run(method, arg)
+    finally:
+        Py_DECREF(method)
+
+
+cdef inline run_in_context2(context, method, arg1, arg2):
+    Py_INCREF(method)
+    try:
+        return context.run(method, arg1, arg2)
+    finally:
+        Py_DECREF(method)
+
+
+# Used for deprecation and removal of `loop.create_datagram_endpoint()`'s
+# *reuse_address* parameter
+_unset = object()
+
+
+@cython.no_gc_clear
+cdef class Loop:
+    def __cinit__(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        # Install PyMem* memory allocators if they aren't installed yet.
+        __install_pymem()
+
+        # Install pthread_atfork handlers
+        __install_atfork()
+
+        self.uvloop = <uv.uv_loop_t*>PyMem_RawMalloc(sizeof(uv.uv_loop_t))
+        if self.uvloop is NULL:
+            raise MemoryError()
+
+        self.slow_callback_duration = 0.1
+
+        self._closed = 0
+        self._debug = 0
+        self._thread_id = 0
+        self._running = 0
+        self._stopping = 0
+
+        self._transports = weakref_WeakValueDictionary()
+        self._processes = set()
+
+        # Used to keep a reference (and hence keep the fileobj alive)
+        # for as long as its registered by add_reader or add_writer.
+        # This is how the selector module and hence asyncio behaves.
+        self._fd_to_reader_fileobj = {}
+        self._fd_to_writer_fileobj = {}
+
+        self._unix_server_sockets = {}
+
+        self._timers = set()
+        self._polls = {}
+
+        self._recv_buffer_in_use = 0
+
+        err = uv.uv_loop_init(self.uvloop)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+        self.uvloop.data = <void*> self
+
+        self._init_debug_fields()
+
+        self.active_process_handler = None
+
+        self._last_error = None
+
+        self._task_factory = None
+        self._exception_handler = None
+        self._default_executor = None
+
+        self._queued_streams = set()
+        self._executing_streams = set()
+        self._ready = col_deque()
+        self._ready_len = 0
+
+        self.handler_async = UVAsync.new(
+            self, <method_t>self._on_wake, self)
+
+        self.handler_idle = UVIdle.new(
+            self,
+            new_MethodHandle(
+                self, "loop._on_idle", <method_t>self._on_idle, None, self))
+
+        # Needed to call `UVStream._exec_write` for writes scheduled
+        # during `Protocol.data_received`.
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes = UVCheck.new(
+            self,
+            new_MethodHandle(
+                self, "loop._exec_queued_writes",
+                <method_t>self._exec_queued_writes, None, self))
+
+        self._signals = set()
+        self._ssock = self._csock = None
+        self._signal_handlers = {}
+        self._listening_signals = False
+        self._old_signal_wakeup_id = -1
+
+        self._coroutine_debug_set = False
+
+        # A weak set of all asynchronous generators that are
+        # being iterated by the loop.
+        self._asyncgens = weakref_WeakSet()
+
+        # Set to True when `loop.shutdown_asyncgens` is called.
+        self._asyncgens_shutdown_called = False
+        # Set to True when `loop.shutdown_default_executor` is called.
+        self._executor_shutdown_called = False
+
+        self._servers = set()
+
+    cdef inline _is_main_thread(self):
+        cdef uint64_t main_thread_id = system.MAIN_THREAD_ID
+        if system.MAIN_THREAD_ID_SET == 0:
+            main_thread_id = <uint64_t>threading_main_thread().ident
+            system.setMainThreadID(main_thread_id)
+        return main_thread_id == PyThread_get_thread_ident()
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.set_debug(
+            sys_dev_mode or (not sys_ignore_environment
+                             and bool(os_environ.get('PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG'))))
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if self._running == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('deallocating a running event loop!')
+        if self._closed == 0:
+            aio_logger.error("deallocating an open event loop")
+            return
+        PyMem_RawFree(self.uvloop)
+        self.uvloop = NULL
+
+    cdef _init_debug_fields(self):
+        self._debug_cc = bool(UVLOOP_DEBUG)
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self._debug_handles_current = col_Counter()
+            self._debug_handles_closed = col_Counter()
+            self._debug_handles_total = col_Counter()
+        else:
+            self._debug_handles_current = None
+            self._debug_handles_closed = None
+            self._debug_handles_total = None
+
+        self._debug_uv_handles_total = 0
+        self._debug_uv_handles_freed = 0
+
+        self._debug_stream_read_cb_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_eof_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_listen_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_stream_write_tries = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_errors_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_ctx_total = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt = 0
+        self._debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_cb_handles_total = 0
+        self._debug_cb_handles_count = 0
+
+        self._debug_cb_timer_handles_total = 0
+        self._debug_cb_timer_handles_count = 0
+
+        self._poll_read_events_total = 0
+        self._poll_read_cb_errors_total = 0
+        self._poll_write_events_total = 0
+        self._poll_write_cb_errors_total = 0
+
+        self._sock_try_write_total = 0
+
+        self._debug_exception_handler_cnt = 0
+
+    cdef _setup_or_resume_signals(self):
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            return
+
+        if self._listening_signals:
+            raise RuntimeError('signals handling has been already setup')
+
+        if self._ssock is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError('self-pipe exists before loop run')
+
+        # Create a self-pipe and call set_signal_wakeup_fd() with one
+        # of its ends.  This is needed so that libuv knows that it needs
+        # to wakeup on ^C (no matter if the SIGINT handler is still the
+        # standard Python's one or or user set their own.)
+
+        self._ssock, self._csock = socket_socketpair()
+        try:
+            self._ssock.setblocking(False)
+            self._csock.setblocking(False)
+
+            fileno = self._csock.fileno()
+
+            self._old_signal_wakeup_id = _set_signal_wakeup_fd(fileno)
+        except Exception:
+            # Out of all statements in the try block, only the
+            # "_set_signal_wakeup_fd()" call can fail, but it shouldn't,
+            # as we ensure that the current thread is the main thread.
+            # Still, if something goes horribly wrong we want to clean up
+            # the socket pair.
+            self._ssock.close()
+            self._csock.close()
+            self._ssock = None
+            self._csock = None
+            raise
+
+        self._add_reader(
+            self._ssock,
+            new_MethodHandle(
+                self,
+                "Loop._read_from_self",
+                <method_t>self._read_from_self,
+                None,
+                self))
+
+        self._listening_signals = True
+
+    cdef _pause_signals(self):
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            if self._listening_signals:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'cannot pause signals handling; no longer running in '
+                    'the main thread')
+            else:
+                return
+
+        if not self._listening_signals:
+            raise RuntimeError('signals handling has not been setup')
+
+        self._listening_signals = False
+
+        _set_signal_wakeup_fd(self._old_signal_wakeup_id)
+
+        self._remove_reader(self._ssock)
+        self._ssock.close()
+        self._csock.close()
+        self._ssock = None
+        self._csock = None
+
+    cdef _shutdown_signals(self):
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            if self._signal_handlers:
+                aio_logger.warning(
+                    'cannot cleanup signal handlers: closing the event loop '
+                    'in a non-main OS thread')
+            return
+
+        if self._listening_signals:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'cannot shutdown signals handling as it has not been paused')
+
+        if self._ssock:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'self-pipe was not cleaned up after loop was run')
+
+        for sig in list(self._signal_handlers):
+            self.remove_signal_handler(sig)
+
+    def __sighandler(self, signum, frame):
+        self._signals.add(signum)
+
+    cdef inline _ceval_process_signals(self):
+        # Invoke CPython eval loop to let process signals.
+        PyErr_CheckSignals()
+        # Calling a pure-Python function will invoke
+        # _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault which will process
+        # pending signal callbacks.
+        _noop.noop()  # Might raise ^C
+
+    cdef _read_from_self(self):
+        cdef bytes sigdata
+        sigdata = b''
+        while True:
+            try:
+                data = self._ssock.recv(65536)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                sigdata += data
+            except InterruptedError:
+                continue
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                break
+        if sigdata:
+            self._invoke_signals(sigdata)
+
+    cdef _invoke_signals(self, bytes data):
+        cdef set sigs
+
+        self._ceval_process_signals()
+
+        sigs = self._signals.copy()
+        self._signals.clear()
+        for signum in data:
+            if not signum:
+                # ignore null bytes written by set_wakeup_fd()
+                continue
+            sigs.discard(signum)
+            self._handle_signal(signum)
+
+        for signum in sigs:
+            # Since not all signals are registered by add_signal_handler()
+            # (for instance, we use the default SIGINT handler) not all
+            # signals will trigger loop.__sighandler() callback.  Therefore
+            # we combine two datasources: one is self-pipe, one is data
+            # from __sighandler; this ensures that signals shouldn't be
+            # lost even if set_wakeup_fd() couldn't write to the self-pipe.
+            self._handle_signal(signum)
+
+    cdef _handle_signal(self, sig):
+        cdef Handle handle
+
+        try:
+            handle = <Handle>(self._signal_handlers[sig])
+        except KeyError:
+            handle = None
+
+        if handle is None:
+            self._ceval_process_signals()
+            return
+
+        if handle._cancelled:
+            self.remove_signal_handler(sig)  # Remove it properly.
+        else:
+            self._append_ready_handle(handle)
+            self.handler_async.send()
+
+    cdef _on_wake(self):
+        if ((self._ready_len > 0 or self._stopping) and
+                not self.handler_idle.running):
+            self.handler_idle.start()
+
+    cdef _on_idle(self):
+        cdef:
+            int i, ntodo
+            object popleft = self._ready.popleft
+            Handle handler
+
+        ntodo = len(self._ready)
+        if self._debug:
+            for i from 0 <= i < ntodo:
+                handler = <Handle> popleft()
+                if handler._cancelled == 0:
+                    try:
+                        started = time_monotonic()
+                        handler._run()
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        self._stop(ex)
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        delta = time_monotonic() - started
+                        if delta > self.slow_callback_duration:
+                            aio_logger.warning(
+                                'Executing %s took %.3f seconds',
+                                handler._format_handle(), delta)
+
+        else:
+            for i from 0 <= i < ntodo:
+                handler = <Handle> popleft()
+                if handler._cancelled == 0:
+                    try:
+                        handler._run()
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        self._stop(ex)
+                        return
+
+        if len(self._queued_streams):
+            self._exec_queued_writes()
+
+        self._ready_len = len(self._ready)
+        if self._ready_len == 0 and self.handler_idle.running:
+            self.handler_idle.stop()
+
+        if self._stopping:
+            uv.uv_stop(self.uvloop)  # void
+
+    cdef _stop(self, exc):
+        if exc is not None:
+            self._last_error = exc
+        if self._stopping == 1:
+            return
+        self._stopping = 1
+        if not self.handler_idle.running:
+            self.handler_idle.start()
+
+    cdef __run(self, uv.uv_run_mode mode):
+        # Although every UVHandle holds a reference to the loop,
+        # we want to do everything to ensure that the loop will
+        # never deallocate during the run -- so we do some
+        # manual refs management.
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+        with nogil:
+            err = uv.uv_run(self.uvloop, mode)
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+    cdef _run(self, uv.uv_run_mode mode):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('unable to start the loop; it was closed')
+
+        if self._running == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('this event loop is already running.')
+
+        if (aio_get_running_loop is not None and
+                aio_get_running_loop() is not None):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'Cannot run the event loop while another loop is running')
+
+        # reset _last_error
+        self._last_error = None
+
+        self._thread_id = PyThread_get_thread_ident()
+        self._running = 1
+
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes.start()
+        self.handler_idle.start()
+
+        self._setup_or_resume_signals()
+
+        if aio_set_running_loop is not None:
+            aio_set_running_loop(self)
+        try:
+            self.__run(mode)
+        finally:
+            if aio_set_running_loop is not None:
+                aio_set_running_loop(None)
+
+            self.handler_check__exec_writes.stop()
+            self.handler_idle.stop()
+
+            self._pause_signals()
+
+            self._thread_id = 0
+            self._running = 0
+            self._stopping = 0
+
+        if self._last_error is not None:
+            # The loop was stopped with an error with 'loop._stop(error)' call
+            raise self._last_error
+
+    cdef _close(self):
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self._running == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot close a running event loop")
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return
+
+        self._closed = 1
+
+        for cb_handle in self._ready:
+            cb_handle.cancel()
+        self._ready.clear()
+        self._ready_len = 0
+
+        if self._polls:
+            for poll_handle in self._polls.values():
+                (<UVHandle>poll_handle)._close()
+
+            self._polls.clear()
+
+        if self._timers:
+            for timer_cbhandle in tuple(self._timers):
+                timer_cbhandle.cancel()
+
+        # Close all remaining handles
+        self.handler_async._close()
+        self.handler_idle._close()
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes._close()
+        __close_all_handles(self)
+        self._shutdown_signals()
+        # During this run there should be no open handles,
+        # so it should finish right away
+        self.__run(uv.UV_RUN_DEFAULT)
+
+        if self._fd_to_writer_fileobj:
+            for fileobj in self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.values():
+                socket_dec_io_ref(fileobj)
+            self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.clear()
+
+        if self._fd_to_reader_fileobj:
+            for fileobj in self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.values():
+                socket_dec_io_ref(fileobj)
+            self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.clear()
+
+        if self._timers:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"new timers were queued during loop closing: {self._timers}")
+
+        if self._polls:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"new poll handles were queued during loop closing: "
+                f"{self._polls}")
+
+        if self._ready:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"new callbacks were queued during loop closing: "
+                f"{self._ready}")
+
+        err = uv.uv_loop_close(self.uvloop)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        self.handler_async = None
+        self.handler_idle = None
+        self.handler_check__exec_writes = None
+
+        self._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        executor = self._default_executor
+        if executor is not None:
+            self._default_executor = None
+            executor.shutdown(wait=False)
+
+    cdef uint64_t _time(self):
+        # asyncio doesn't have a time cache, neither should uvloop.
+        uv.uv_update_time(self.uvloop)  # void
+        return uv.uv_now(self.uvloop)
+
+    cdef inline _queue_write(self, UVStream stream):
+        self._queued_streams.add(stream)
+        if not self.handler_check__exec_writes.running:
+            self.handler_check__exec_writes.start()
+
+    cdef _exec_queued_writes(self):
+        if len(self._queued_streams) == 0:
+            if self.handler_check__exec_writes.running:
+                self.handler_check__exec_writes.stop()
+            return
+
+        cdef:
+            UVStream stream
+
+        streams = self._queued_streams
+        self._queued_streams = self._executing_streams
+        self._executing_streams = streams
+        try:
+            for pystream in streams:
+                stream = <UVStream>pystream
+                stream._exec_write()
+        finally:
+            streams.clear()
+
+        if self.handler_check__exec_writes.running:
+            if len(self._queued_streams) == 0:
+                self.handler_check__exec_writes.stop()
+
+    cdef inline _call_soon(self, object callback, object args, object context):
+        cdef Handle handle
+        handle = new_Handle(self, callback, args, context)
+        self._call_soon_handle(handle)
+        return handle
+
+    cdef inline _append_ready_handle(self, Handle handle):
+        self._check_closed()
+        self._ready.append(handle)
+        self._ready_len += 1
+
+    cdef inline _call_soon_handle(self, Handle handle):
+        self._append_ready_handle(handle)
+        if not self.handler_idle.running:
+            self.handler_idle.start()
+
+    cdef _call_later(self, uint64_t delay, object callback, object args,
+                     object context):
+        return TimerHandle(self, callback, args, delay, context)
+
+    cdef void _handle_exception(self, object ex):
+        if isinstance(ex, Exception):
+            self.call_exception_handler({'exception': ex})
+        else:
+            # BaseException
+            self._last_error = ex
+            # Exit ASAP
+            self._stop(None)
+
+    cdef inline _check_signal(self, sig):
+        if not isinstance(sig, int):
+            raise TypeError('sig must be an int, not {!r}'.format(sig))
+
+        if not (1 <= sig < signal_NSIG):
+            raise ValueError(
+                'sig {} out of range(1, {})'.format(sig, signal_NSIG))
+
+    cdef inline _check_closed(self):
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            raise RuntimeError('Event loop is closed')
+
+    cdef inline _check_thread(self):
+        if self._thread_id == 0:
+            return
+
+        cdef uint64_t thread_id
+        thread_id = <uint64_t>PyThread_get_thread_ident()
+
+        if thread_id != self._thread_id:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Non-thread-safe operation invoked on an event loop other "
+                "than the current one")
+
+    cdef inline _new_future(self):
+        return aio_Future(loop=self)
+
+    cdef _track_transport(self, UVBaseTransport transport):
+        self._transports[transport._fileno()] = transport
+
+    cdef _track_process(self, UVProcess proc):
+        self._processes.add(proc)
+
+    cdef _untrack_process(self, UVProcess proc):
+        self._processes.discard(proc)
+
+    cdef _fileobj_to_fd(self, fileobj):
+        """Return a file descriptor from a file object.
+
+        Parameters:
+        fileobj -- file object or file descriptor
+
+        Returns:
+        corresponding file descriptor
+
+        Raises:
+        ValueError if the object is invalid
+        """
+        # Copy of the `selectors._fileobj_to_fd()` function.
+        if isinstance(fileobj, int):
+            fd = fileobj
+        else:
+            try:
+                fd = int(fileobj.fileno())
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+                raise ValueError("Invalid file object: "
+                                 "{!r}".format(fileobj)) from None
+        if fd < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid file descriptor: {}".format(fd))
+        return fd
+
+    cdef _ensure_fd_no_transport(self, fd):
+        cdef UVBaseTransport tr
+        try:
+            tr = <UVBaseTransport>(self._transports[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if tr._is_alive():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    'File descriptor {!r} is used by transport {!r}'.format(
+                        fd, tr))
+
+    cdef _add_reader(self, fileobj, Handle handle):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            poll = UVPoll.new(self, fd)
+            self._polls[fd] = poll
+
+        poll.start_reading(handle)
+
+        old_fileobj = self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if old_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(old_fileobj)
+
+        self._fd_to_reader_fileobj[fd] = fileobj
+        socket_inc_io_ref(fileobj)
+
+    cdef _remove_reader(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        mapped_fileobj = self._fd_to_reader_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if mapped_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(mapped_fileobj)
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        result = poll.stop_reading()
+        if not poll.is_active():
+            del self._polls[fd]
+            poll._close()
+
+        return result
+
+    cdef _has_reader(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        return poll.is_reading()
+
+    cdef _add_writer(self, fileobj, Handle handle):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            poll = UVPoll.new(self, fd)
+            self._polls[fd] = poll
+
+        poll.start_writing(handle)
+
+        old_fileobj = self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if old_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(old_fileobj)
+
+        self._fd_to_writer_fileobj[fd] = fileobj
+        socket_inc_io_ref(fileobj)
+
+    cdef _remove_writer(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+        self._ensure_fd_no_transport(fd)
+
+        mapped_fileobj = self._fd_to_writer_fileobj.pop(fd, None)
+        if mapped_fileobj is not None:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(mapped_fileobj)
+
+        if self._closed == 1:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        result = poll.stop_writing()
+        if not poll.is_active():
+            del self._polls[fd]
+            poll._close()
+
+        return result
+
+    cdef _has_writer(self, fileobj):
+        cdef:
+            UVPoll poll
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fd = self._fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
+
+        try:
+            poll = <UVPoll>(self._polls[fd])
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        return poll.is_writing()
+
+    cdef _getaddrinfo(self, object host, object port,
+                      int family, int type,
+                      int proto, int flags,
+                      int unpack):
+
+        if isinstance(port, str):
+            port = port.encode()
+        elif isinstance(port, int):
+            port = str(port).encode()
+        if port is not None and not isinstance(port, bytes):
+            raise TypeError('port must be a str, bytes or int')
+
+        if isinstance(host, str):
+            host = host.encode('idna')
+        if host is not None:
+            if not isinstance(host, bytes):
+                raise TypeError('host must be a str or bytes')
+
+        fut = self._new_future()
+
+        def callback(result):
+            if AddrInfo.isinstance(result):
+                try:
+                    if unpack == 0:
+                        data = result
+                    else:
+                        data = (<AddrInfo>result).unpack()
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    if not fut.cancelled():
+                        fut.set_exception(ex)
+                else:
+                    if not fut.cancelled():
+                        fut.set_result(data)
+            else:
+                if not fut.cancelled():
+                    fut.set_exception(result)
+
+        AddrInfoRequest(self, host, port, family, type, proto, flags, callback)
+        return fut
+
+    cdef _getnameinfo(self, system.sockaddr *addr, int flags):
+        cdef NameInfoRequest nr
+        fut = self._new_future()
+
+        def callback(result):
+            if isinstance(result, tuple):
+                fut.set_result(result)
+            else:
+                fut.set_exception(result)
+
+        nr = NameInfoRequest(self, callback)
+        nr.query(addr, flags)
+        return fut
+
+    cdef _sock_recv(self, fut, sock, n):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketReaderFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_recv is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_reader(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a reader '
+                    f'in the _sock_recv callback')
+
+        try:
+            data = sock.recv(n)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # No need to re-add the reader, let's just wait until
+            # the poll handler calls this callback again.
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(data)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_recv_into(self, fut, sock, buf):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketReaderFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_recv_into is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_reader(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a reader '
+                    f'in the _sock_recv_into callback')
+
+        try:
+            data = sock.recv_into(buf)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # No need to re-add the reader, let's just wait until
+            # the poll handler calls this callback again.
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(data)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_sendall(self, fut, sock, data):
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+            int n
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketWriterFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_sendall is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_writer(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a writer '
+                    f'in the _sock_sendall callback')
+
+        try:
+            n = sock.send(data)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # Try next time.
+            return
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_writer(sock)
+            return
+
+        self._remove_writer(sock)
+
+        if n == len(data):
+            fut.set_result(None)
+        else:
+            if n:
+                if not isinstance(data, memoryview):
+                    data = memoryview(data)
+                data = data[n:]
+
+            handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+                self,
+                "Loop._sock_sendall",
+                <method3_t>self._sock_sendall,
+                None,
+                self,
+                fut, sock, data)
+
+            self._add_writer(sock, handle)
+
+    cdef _sock_accept(self, fut, sock):
+        try:
+            conn, address = sock.accept()
+            conn.setblocking(False)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # There is an active reader for _sock_accept, so
+            # do nothing, it will be called again.
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result((conn, address))
+            self._remove_reader(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_connect(self, sock, address):
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        try:
+            sock.connect(address)
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            return
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketWriterFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_connect",
+            <method3_t>self._sock_connect_cb,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock, address)
+
+        self._add_writer(sock, handle)
+        return fut
+
+    cdef _sock_connect_cb(self, fut, sock, address):
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if fut.cancelled():
+                # Shouldn't happen with _SyncSocketWriterFuture.
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'_sock_connect_cb is called on a cancelled Future')
+
+            if not self._has_writer(sock):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f'socket {sock!r} does not have a writer '
+                    f'in the _sock_connect_cb callback')
+
+        try:
+            err = sock.getsockopt(uv.SOL_SOCKET, uv.SO_ERROR)
+            if err != 0:
+                # Jump to any except clause below.
+                raise OSError(err, 'Connect call failed %s' % (address,))
+        except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+            # socket is still registered, the callback will be retried later
+            pass
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException as exc:
+            fut.set_exception(exc)
+            self._remove_writer(sock)
+        else:
+            fut.set_result(None)
+            self._remove_writer(sock)
+
+    cdef _sock_set_reuseport(self, int fd):
+        cdef:
+            int err = 0
+            int reuseport_flag = 1
+
+        err = system.setsockopt(
+            fd,
+            uv.SOL_SOCKET,
+            SO_REUSEPORT,
+            <char*>&reuseport_flag,
+            sizeof(reuseport_flag))
+
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(-errno.errno)
+
+    cdef _set_coroutine_debug(self, bint enabled):
+        enabled = bool(enabled)
+        if self._coroutine_debug_set == enabled:
+            return
+
+        if enabled:
+            self._coroutine_origin_tracking_saved_depth = (
+                sys.get_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth())
+            sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth(
+                DEBUG_STACK_DEPTH)
+        else:
+            sys.set_coroutine_origin_tracking_depth(
+                self._coroutine_origin_tracking_saved_depth)
+
+        self._coroutine_debug_set = enabled
+
+    def _get_backend_id(self):
+        """This method is used by uvloop tests and is not part of the API."""
+        return uv.uv_backend_fd(self.uvloop)
+
+    cdef _print_debug_info(self):
+        cdef:
+            int err
+            uv.uv_rusage_t rusage
+
+        err = uv.uv_getrusage(&rusage)
+        if err < 0:
+            raise convert_error(err)
+
+        # OS
+
+        print('---- Process info: -----')
+        print('Process memory:            {}'.format(rusage.ru_maxrss))
+        print('Number of signals:         {}'.format(rusage.ru_nsignals))
+        print('')
+
+        # Loop
+
+        print('--- Loop debug info: ---')
+        print('Loop time:                 {}'.format(self.time()))
+        print('Errors logged:             {}'.format(
+            self._debug_exception_handler_cnt))
+        print()
+        print('Callback handles:          {: <8} | {}'.format(
+            self._debug_cb_handles_count,
+            self._debug_cb_handles_total))
+        print('Timer handles:             {: <8} | {}'.format(
+            self._debug_cb_timer_handles_count,
+            self._debug_cb_timer_handles_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('                        alive  | closed  |')
+        print('UVHandles               python | libuv   | total')
+        print('                        objs   | handles |')
+        print('-------------------------------+---------+---------')
+        for name in sorted(self._debug_handles_total):
+            print('    {: <18} {: >7} | {: >7} | {: >7}'.format(
+                name,
+                self._debug_handles_current[name],
+                self._debug_handles_closed[name],
+                self._debug_handles_total[name]))
+        print()
+
+        print('uv_handle_t (current: {}; freed: {}; total: {})'.format(
+            self._debug_uv_handles_total - self._debug_uv_handles_freed,
+            self._debug_uv_handles_freed,
+            self._debug_uv_handles_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('--- Streams debug info: ---')
+        print('Write errors:              {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_errors_total))
+        print('Write without poll:        {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_tries))
+        print('Write contexts:            {: <8} | {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_ctx_cnt,
+            self._debug_stream_write_ctx_total))
+        print('Write failed callbacks:    {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_write_cb_errors_total))
+        print()
+        print('Read errors:               {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_errors_total))
+        print('Read callbacks:            {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_cb_total))
+        print('Read failed callbacks:     {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_cb_errors_total))
+        print('Read EOFs:                 {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_eof_total))
+        print('Read EOF failed callbacks: {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_read_eof_cb_errors_total))
+        print()
+        print('Listen errors:             {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_listen_errors_total))
+        print('Shutdown errors            {}'.format(
+            self._debug_stream_shutdown_errors_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('--- Polls debug info: ---')
+        print('Read events:               {}'.format(
+            self._poll_read_events_total))
+        print('Read callbacks failed:     {}'.format(
+            self._poll_read_cb_errors_total))
+        print('Write events:              {}'.format(
+            self._poll_write_events_total))
+        print('Write callbacks failed:    {}'.format(
+            self._poll_write_cb_errors_total))
+        print()
+
+        print('--- Sock ops successful on 1st try: ---')
+        print('Socket try-writes:         {}'.format(
+            self._sock_try_write_total))
+
+        print(flush=True)
+
+    property print_debug_info:
+        def __get__(self):
+            if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                return lambda: self._print_debug_info()
+            else:
+                raise AttributeError('print_debug_info')
+
+    # Public API
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<{}.{} running={} closed={} debug={}>'.format(
+            self.__class__.__module__,
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.is_running(),
+            self.is_closed(),
+            self.get_debug()
+        )
+
+    def call_soon(self, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Arrange for a callback to be called as soon as possible.
+
+        This operates as a FIFO queue: callbacks are called in the
+        order in which they are registered.  Each callback will be
+        called exactly once.
+
+        Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to
+        the callback when it is called.
+        """
+        if self._debug == 1:
+            self._check_thread()
+        if args:
+            return self._call_soon(callback, args, context)
+        else:
+            return self._call_soon(callback, None, context)
+
+    def call_soon_threadsafe(self, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Like call_soon(), but thread-safe."""
+        if not args:
+            args = None
+        cdef Handle handle = new_Handle(self, callback, args, context)
+        self._append_ready_handle(handle)  # deque append is atomic
+        # libuv async handler is thread-safe while the idle handler is not -
+        # we only set the async handler here, which will start the idle handler
+        # in _on_wake() from the loop and eventually call the callback.
+        self.handler_async.send()
+        return handle
+
+    def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Arrange for a callback to be called at a given time.
+
+        Return a Handle: an opaque object with a cancel() method that
+        can be used to cancel the call.
+
+        The delay can be an int or float, expressed in seconds.  It is
+        always relative to the current time.
+
+        Each callback will be called exactly once.  If two callbacks
+        are scheduled for exactly the same time, it undefined which
+        will be called first.
+
+        Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to
+        the callback when it is called.
+        """
+        cdef uint64_t when
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        if self._debug == 1:
+            self._check_thread()
+
+        if delay < 0:
+            delay = 0
+        elif delay == py_inf or delay > MAX_SLEEP:
+            # ~100 years sounds like a good approximation of
+            # infinity for a Python application.
+            delay = MAX_SLEEP
+
+        when = <uint64_t>round(delay * 1000)
+        if not args:
+            args = None
+        if when == 0:
+            return self._call_soon(callback, args, context)
+        else:
+            return self._call_later(when, callback, args, context)
+
+    def call_at(self, when, callback, *args, context=None):
+        """Like call_later(), but uses an absolute time.
+
+        Absolute time corresponds to the event loop's time() method.
+        """
+        return self.call_later(
+            when - self.time(), callback, *args, context=context)
+
+    def time(self):
+        """Return the time according to the event loop's clock.
+
+        This is a float expressed in seconds since an epoch, but the
+        epoch, precision, accuracy and drift are unspecified and may
+        differ per event loop.
+        """
+        return self._time() / 1000
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop running the event loop.
+
+        Every callback already scheduled will still run.  This simply informs
+        run_forever to stop looping after a complete iteration.
+        """
+        self._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle1(
+                self,
+                "Loop._stop",
+                <method1_t>self._stop,
+                None,
+                self,
+                None))
+
+    def run_forever(self):
+        """Run the event loop until stop() is called."""
+        self._check_closed()
+        mode = uv.UV_RUN_DEFAULT
+        if self._stopping:
+            # loop.stop() was called right before loop.run_forever().
+            # This is how asyncio loop behaves.
+            mode = uv.UV_RUN_NOWAIT
+        self._set_coroutine_debug(self._debug)
+        old_agen_hooks = sys.get_asyncgen_hooks()
+        sys.set_asyncgen_hooks(firstiter=self._asyncgen_firstiter_hook,
+                               finalizer=self._asyncgen_finalizer_hook)
+        try:
+            self._run(mode)
+        finally:
+            self._set_coroutine_debug(False)
+            sys.set_asyncgen_hooks(*old_agen_hooks)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the event loop.
+
+        The event loop must not be running.
+
+        This is idempotent and irreversible.
+
+        No other methods should be called after this one.
+        """
+        self._close()
+
+    def get_debug(self):
+        return bool(self._debug)
+
+    def set_debug(self, enabled):
+        self._debug = bool(enabled)
+        if self.is_running():
+             self.call_soon_threadsafe(self._set_coroutine_debug, self._debug)
+
+    def is_running(self):
+        """Return whether the event loop is currently running."""
+        return bool(self._running)
+
+    def is_closed(self):
+        """Returns True if the event loop was closed."""
+        return bool(self._closed)
+
+    def create_future(self):
+        """Create a Future object attached to the loop."""
+        return self._new_future()
+
+    def create_task(self, coro, *, name=None, context=None):
+        """Schedule a coroutine object.
+
+        Return a task object.
+
+        If name is not None, task.set_name(name) will be called if the task
+        object has the set_name attribute, true for default Task in CPython.
+
+        An optional keyword-only context argument allows specifying a custom
+        contextvars.Context for the coro to run in. The current context copy is
+        created when no context is provided.
+        """
+        self._check_closed()
+        if PY311:
+            if self._task_factory is None:
+                task = aio_Task(coro, loop=self, context=context)
+            else:
+                task = self._task_factory(self, coro, context=context)
+        else:
+            if context is None:
+                if self._task_factory is None:
+                    task = aio_Task(coro, loop=self)
+                else:
+                    task = self._task_factory(self, coro)
+            else:
+                if self._task_factory is None:
+                    task = context.run(aio_Task, coro, self)
+                else:
+                    task = context.run(self._task_factory, self, coro)
+
+        # copied from asyncio.tasks._set_task_name (bpo-34270)
+        if name is not None:
+            try:
+                set_name = task.set_name
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                set_name(name)
+
+        return task
+
+    def set_task_factory(self, factory):
+        """Set a task factory that will be used by loop.create_task().
+
+        If factory is None the default task factory will be set.
+
+        If factory is a callable, it should have a signature matching
+        '(loop, coro)', where 'loop' will be a reference to the active
+        event loop, 'coro' will be a coroutine object.  The callable
+        must return a Future.
+        """
+        if factory is not None and not callable(factory):
+            raise TypeError('task factory must be a callable or None')
+        self._task_factory = factory
+
+    def get_task_factory(self):
+        """Return a task factory, or None if the default one is in use."""
+        return self._task_factory
+
+    def run_until_complete(self, future):
+        """Run until the Future is done.
+
+        If the argument is a coroutine, it is wrapped in a Task.
+
+        WARNING: It would be disastrous to call run_until_complete()
+        with the same coroutine twice -- it would wrap it in two
+        different Tasks and that can't be good.
+
+        Return the Future's result, or raise its exception.
+        """
+        self._check_closed()
+
+        new_task = not isfuture(future)
+        future = aio_ensure_future(future, loop=self)
+        if new_task:
+            # An exception is raised if the future didn't complete, so there
+            # is no need to log the "destroy pending task" message
+            future._log_destroy_pending = False
+
+        def done_cb(fut):
+            if not fut.cancelled():
+                exc = fut.exception()
+                if isinstance(exc, (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt)):
+                    # Issue #336: run_forever() already finished,
+                    # no need to stop it.
+                    return
+            self.stop()
+
+        future.add_done_callback(done_cb)
+        try:
+            self.run_forever()
+        except BaseException:
+            if new_task and future.done() and not future.cancelled():
+                # The coroutine raised a BaseException. Consume the exception
+                # to not log a warning, the caller doesn't have access to the
+                # local task.
+                future.exception()
+            raise
+        finally:
+            future.remove_done_callback(done_cb)
+        if not future.done():
+            raise RuntimeError('Event loop stopped before Future completed.')
+
+        return future.result()
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def getaddrinfo(self, object host, object port, *,
+                          int family=0, int type=0, int proto=0, int flags=0):
+
+        addr = __static_getaddrinfo_pyaddr(host, port, family,
+                                           type, proto, flags)
+        if addr is not None:
+            return [addr]
+
+        return await self._getaddrinfo(
+            host, port, family, type, proto, flags, 1)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def getnameinfo(self, sockaddr, int flags=0):
+        cdef:
+            AddrInfo ai_cnt
+            system.addrinfo *ai
+            system.sockaddr_in6 *sin6
+
+        if not isinstance(sockaddr, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('getnameinfo() argument 1 must be a tuple')
+
+        sl = len(sockaddr)
+
+        if sl < 2 or sl > 4:
+            raise ValueError('sockaddr must be a tuple of 2, 3 or 4 values')
+
+        if sl > 2:
+            flowinfo = sockaddr[2]
+            if flowinfo < 0 or flowinfo > 0xfffff:
+                raise OverflowError(
+                    'getnameinfo(): flowinfo must be 0-1048575.')
+        else:
+            flowinfo = 0
+
+        if sl > 3:
+            scope_id = sockaddr[3]
+            if scope_id < 0 or scope_id > 2 ** 32:
+                raise OverflowError(
+                    'getsockaddrarg: scope_id must be unsigned 32 bit integer')
+        else:
+            scope_id = 0
+
+        ai_cnt = await self._getaddrinfo(
+            sockaddr[0], sockaddr[1],
+            uv.AF_UNSPEC,         # family
+            uv.SOCK_DGRAM,        # type
+            0,                    # proto
+            uv.AI_NUMERICHOST,    # flags
+            0)                    # unpack
+
+        ai = ai_cnt.data
+
+        if ai.ai_next:
+            raise OSError("sockaddr resolved to multiple addresses")
+
+        if ai.ai_family == uv.AF_INET:
+            if sl > 2:
+                raise OSError("IPv4 sockaddr must be 2 tuple")
+        elif ai.ai_family == uv.AF_INET6:
+            # Modify some fields in `ai`
+            sin6 = <system.sockaddr_in6*> ai.ai_addr
+            sin6.sin6_flowinfo = system.htonl(flowinfo)
+            sin6.sin6_scope_id = scope_id
+
+        return await self._getnameinfo(ai.ai_addr, flags)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def start_tls(self, transport, protocol, sslcontext, *,
+                        server_side=False,
+                        server_hostname=None,
+                        ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                        ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        """Upgrade transport to TLS.
+
+        Return a new transport that *protocol* should start using
+        immediately.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(sslcontext, ssl_SSLContext):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'sslcontext is expected to be an instance of ssl.SSLContext, '
+                f'got {sslcontext!r}')
+
+        if isinstance(transport, (TCPTransport, UnixTransport)):
+            context = (<UVStream>transport).context
+        elif isinstance(transport, _SSLProtocolTransport):
+            context = (<_SSLProtocolTransport>transport).context
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'transport {transport!r} is not supported by start_tls()')
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        ssl_protocol = SSLProtocol(
+            self, protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
+            server_side, server_hostname,
+            ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+            ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout,
+            call_connection_made=False)
+
+        # Pause early so that "ssl_protocol.data_received()" doesn't
+        # have a chance to get called before "ssl_protocol.connection_made()".
+        transport.pause_reading()
+
+        transport.set_protocol(ssl_protocol)
+        conmade_cb = self.call_soon(ssl_protocol.connection_made, transport,
+                                    context=context)
+        # transport.resume_reading() will use the right context
+        # (transport.context) to call e.g. data_received()
+        resume_cb = self.call_soon(transport.resume_reading)
+        app_transport = ssl_protocol._get_app_transport(context)
+
+        try:
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            app_transport.close()
+            conmade_cb.cancel()
+            resume_cb.cancel()
+            raise
+
+        return app_transport
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_server(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None,
+                            *,
+                            int family=uv.AF_UNSPEC,
+                            int flags=uv.AI_PASSIVE,
+                            sock=None,
+                            backlog=100,
+                            ssl=None,
+                            reuse_address=None,
+                            reuse_port=None,
+                            ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                            ssl_shutdown_timeout=None,
+                            start_serving=True):
+        """A coroutine which creates a TCP server bound to host and port.
+
+        The return value is a Server object which can be used to stop
+        the service.
+
+        If host is an empty string or None all interfaces are assumed
+        and a list of multiple sockets will be returned (most likely
+        one for IPv4 and another one for IPv6). The host parameter can also be
+        a sequence (e.g. list) of hosts to bind to.
+
+        family can be set to either AF_INET or AF_INET6 to force the
+        socket to use IPv4 or IPv6. If not set it will be determined
+        from host (defaults to AF_UNSPEC).
+
+        flags is a bitmask for getaddrinfo().
+
+        sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
+        socket object.
+
+        backlog is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
+        listen() (defaults to 100).
+
+        ssl can be set to an SSLContext to enable SSL over the
+        accepted connections.
+
+        reuse_address tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in
+        TIME_WAIT state, without waiting for its natural timeout to
+        expire. If not specified will automatically be set to True on
+        UNIX.
+
+        reuse_port tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to
+        the same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as
+        they all set this flag when being created. This option is not
+        supported on Windows.
+
+        ssl_handshake_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL handshake before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 60s.
+
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL shutdown before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 30s.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            TCPServer tcp
+            system.addrinfo *addrinfo
+            Server server
+
+        if sock is not None and sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+            if host is not None or port is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+            return await self.create_unix_server(
+                protocol_factory, sock=sock, backlog=backlog, ssl=ssl,
+                start_serving=start_serving,
+                # asyncio won't clean up socket file using create_server() API
+                cleanup_socket=False,
+            )
+
+        server = Server(self)
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None')
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if host is not None or port is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+
+            if reuse_address is None:
+                reuse_address = os_name == 'posix' and sys_platform != 'cygwin'
+            reuse_port = bool(reuse_port)
+            if reuse_port and not has_SO_REUSEPORT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'reuse_port not supported by socket module')
+
+            if host == '':
+                hosts = [None]
+            elif (isinstance(host, str) or not isinstance(host, col_Iterable)):
+                hosts = [host]
+            else:
+                hosts = host
+
+            fs = [self._getaddrinfo(host, port, family,
+                                    uv.SOCK_STREAM, 0, flags,
+                                    0) for host in hosts]
+
+            infos = await aio_gather(*fs)
+
+            completed = False
+            sock = None
+            try:
+                for info in infos:
+                    addrinfo = (<AddrInfo>info).data
+                    while addrinfo != NULL:
+                        if addrinfo.ai_family == uv.AF_UNSPEC:
+                            raise RuntimeError('AF_UNSPEC in DNS results')
+
+                        try:
+                            sock = socket_socket(addrinfo.ai_family,
+                                                 addrinfo.ai_socktype,
+                                                 addrinfo.ai_protocol)
+                        except socket_error:
+                            # Assume it's a bad family/type/protocol
+                            # combination.
+                            if self._debug:
+                                aio_logger.warning(
+                                    'create_server() failed to create '
+                                    'socket.socket(%r, %r, %r)',
+                                    addrinfo.ai_family,
+                                    addrinfo.ai_socktype,
+                                    addrinfo.ai_protocol, exc_info=True)
+                            addrinfo = addrinfo.ai_next
+                            continue
+
+                        if reuse_address:
+                            sock.setsockopt(uv.SOL_SOCKET, uv.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+                        if reuse_port:
+                            sock.setsockopt(uv.SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+                        # Disable IPv4/IPv6 dual stack support (enabled by
+                        # default on Linux) which makes a single socket
+                        # listen on both address families.
+                        if (addrinfo.ai_family == uv.AF_INET6 and
+                                has_IPV6_V6ONLY):
+                            sock.setsockopt(uv.IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, 1)
+
+                        pyaddr = __convert_sockaddr_to_pyaddr(addrinfo.ai_addr)
+                        try:
+                            sock.bind(pyaddr)
+                        except OSError as err:
+                            raise OSError(
+                                err.errno, 'error while attempting '
+                                'to bind on address %r: %s'
+                                % (pyaddr, err.strerror.lower())) from None
+
+                        tcp = TCPServer.new(self, protocol_factory, server,
+                                            uv.AF_UNSPEC, backlog,
+                                            ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                                            ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+                        try:
+                            tcp._open(sock.fileno())
+                        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                            raise
+                        except BaseException:
+                            tcp._close()
+                            raise
+
+                        server._add_server(tcp)
+                        sock.detach()
+                        sock = None
+
+                        addrinfo = addrinfo.ai_next
+
+                completed = True
+            finally:
+                if not completed:
+                    if sock is not None:
+                        sock.close()
+                    server.close()
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError('Neither host/port nor sock were specified')
+            if not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            tcp = TCPServer.new(self, protocol_factory, server,
+                                uv.AF_UNSPEC, backlog,
+                                ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                                ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+            try:
+                tcp._open(sock.fileno())
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                tcp._close()
+                raise
+
+            tcp._attach_fileobj(sock)
+            server._add_server(tcp)
+
+        if start_serving:
+            server._start_serving()
+
+        server._ref()
+        return server
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_connection(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None,
+                                *,
+                                ssl=None,
+                                family=0, proto=0, flags=0, sock=None,
+                                local_addr=None, server_hostname=None,
+                                ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        """Connect to a TCP server.
+
+        Create a streaming transport connection to a given Internet host and
+        port: socket family AF_INET or socket.AF_INET6 depending on host (or
+        family if specified), socket type SOCK_STREAM. protocol_factory must be
+        a callable returning a protocol instance.
+
+        This method is a coroutine which will try to establish the connection
+        in the background.  When successful, the coroutine returns a
+        (transport, protocol) pair.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            AddrInfo ai_local = None
+            AddrInfo ai_remote
+            TCPTransport tr
+
+            system.addrinfo *rai = NULL
+            system.addrinfo *lai = NULL
+
+            system.addrinfo *rai_iter = NULL
+            system.addrinfo *lai_iter = NULL
+
+            system.addrinfo rai_static
+            system.sockaddr_storage rai_addr_static
+            system.addrinfo lai_static
+            system.sockaddr_storage lai_addr_static
+
+            object app_protocol
+            object app_transport
+            object protocol
+            object ssl_waiter
+
+        if sock is not None and sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+            if host is not None or port is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+            return await self.create_unix_connection(
+                protocol_factory, None,
+                sock=sock, ssl=ssl, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+
+        app_protocol = protocol = protocol_factory()
+        ssl_waiter = None
+        context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        if ssl:
+            if server_hostname is None:
+                if not host:
+                    raise ValueError('You must set server_hostname '
+                                     'when using ssl without a host')
+                server_hostname = host
+
+            ssl_waiter = self._new_future()
+            sslcontext = None if isinstance(ssl, bool) else ssl
+            protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self, app_protocol, sslcontext, ssl_waiter,
+                False, server_hostname,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        else:
+            if server_hostname is not None:
+                raise ValueError('server_hostname is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if host is not None or port is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+
+            fs = []
+            f1 = f2 = None
+
+            addr = __static_getaddrinfo(
+                host, port, family, uv.SOCK_STREAM,
+                proto, <system.sockaddr*>&rai_addr_static)
+
+            if addr is None:
+                f1 = self._getaddrinfo(
+                    host, port, family,
+                    uv.SOCK_STREAM, proto, flags,
+                    0)  # 0 == don't unpack
+
+                fs.append(f1)
+            else:
+                rai_static.ai_addr = <system.sockaddr*>&rai_addr_static
+                rai_static.ai_next = NULL
+                rai = &rai_static
+
+            if local_addr is not None:
+                if not isinstance(local_addr, (tuple, list)) or \
+                        len(local_addr) != 2:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        'local_addr must be a tuple of host and port')
+
+                addr = __static_getaddrinfo(
+                    local_addr[0], local_addr[1],
+                    family, uv.SOCK_STREAM,
+                    proto, <system.sockaddr*>&lai_addr_static)
+                if addr is None:
+                    f2 = self._getaddrinfo(
+                        local_addr[0], local_addr[1], family,
+                        uv.SOCK_STREAM, proto, flags,
+                        0)  # 0 == don't unpack
+
+                    fs.append(f2)
+                else:
+                    lai_static.ai_addr = <system.sockaddr*>&lai_addr_static
+                    lai_static.ai_next = NULL
+                    lai = &lai_static
+
+            if len(fs):
+                await aio_wait(fs)
+
+            if rai is NULL:
+                ai_remote = f1.result()
+                if ai_remote.data is NULL:
+                    raise OSError('getaddrinfo() returned empty list')
+                rai = ai_remote.data
+
+            if lai is NULL and f2 is not None:
+                ai_local = f2.result()
+                if ai_local.data is NULL:
+                    raise OSError(
+                        'getaddrinfo() returned empty list for local_addr')
+                lai = ai_local.data
+
+            exceptions = []
+            rai_iter = rai
+            while rai_iter is not NULL:
+                tr = None
+                try:
+                    waiter = self._new_future()
+                    tr = TCPTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter,
+                                          context)
+
+                    if lai is not NULL:
+                        lai_iter = lai
+                        while lai_iter is not NULL:
+                            try:
+                                tr.bind(lai_iter.ai_addr)
+                                break
+                            except OSError as exc:
+                                exceptions.append(exc)
+                            lai_iter = lai_iter.ai_next
+                        else:
+                            tr._close()
+                            tr = None
+
+                            rai_iter = rai_iter.ai_next
+                            continue
+
+                    tr.connect(rai_iter.ai_addr)
+                    await waiter
+
+                except OSError as exc:
+                    if tr is not None:
+                        tr._close()
+                        tr = None
+                    exceptions.append(exc)
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException:
+                    if tr is not None:
+                        tr._close()
+                        tr = None
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    break
+
+                rai_iter = rai_iter.ai_next
+
+            else:
+                # If they all have the same str(), raise one.
+                model = str(exceptions[0])
+                if all(str(exc) == model for exc in exceptions):
+                    raise exceptions[0]
+                # Raise a combined exception so the user can see all
+                # the various error messages.
+                raise OSError('Multiple exceptions: {}'.format(
+                    ', '.join(str(exc) for exc in exceptions)))
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'host and port was not specified and no sock specified')
+            if not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            waiter = self._new_future()
+            tr = TCPTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter, context)
+            try:
+                # libuv will make socket non-blocking
+                tr._open(sock.fileno())
+                tr._init_protocol()
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                # It's OK to call `_close()` here, as opposed to
+                # `_force_close()` or `close()` as we want to terminate the
+                # transport immediately.  The `waiter` can only be waken
+                # up in `Transport._call_connection_made()`, and calling
+                # `_close()` before it is fine.
+                tr._close()
+                raise
+
+            tr._attach_fileobj(sock)
+
+        if ssl:
+            app_transport = protocol._get_app_transport(context)
+            try:
+                await ssl_waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                app_transport.close()
+                raise
+            return app_transport, app_protocol
+        else:
+            return tr, protocol
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_unix_server(self, protocol_factory, path=None,
+                                 *, backlog=100, sock=None, ssl=None,
+                                 ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                 ssl_shutdown_timeout=None,
+                                 start_serving=True, cleanup_socket=PY313):
+        """A coroutine which creates a UNIX Domain Socket server.
+
+        The return value is a Server object, which can be used to stop
+        the service.
+
+        path is a str, representing a file systsem path to bind the
+        server socket to.
+
+        sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
+        socket object.
+
+        backlog is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
+        listen() (defaults to 100).
+
+        ssl can be set to an SSLContext to enable SSL over the
+        accepted connections.
+
+        ssl_handshake_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL handshake before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 60s.
+
+        ssl_shutdown_timeout is the time in seconds that an SSL server
+        will wait for completion of the SSL shutdown before aborting the
+        connection. Default is 30s.
+
+        If *cleanup_socket* is true then the Unix socket will automatically
+        be removed from the filesystem when the server is closed, unless the
+        socket has been replaced after the server has been created.
+        This defaults to True on Python 3.13 and above, or False otherwise.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            UnixServer pipe
+            Server server = Server(self)
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None')
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if path is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'path and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+            orig_path = path
+
+            path = os_fspath(path)
+
+            if isinstance(path, str):
+                path = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(path)
+
+            # Check for abstract socket.
+            if path[0] != 0:
+                try:
+                    if stat_S_ISSOCK(os_stat(path).st_mode):
+                        os_remove(path)
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+                except OSError as err:
+                    # Directory may have permissions only to create socket.
+                    aio_logger.error(
+                        'Unable to check or remove stale UNIX socket %r: %r',
+                        orig_path, err)
+
+            # We use Python sockets to create a UNIX server socket because
+            # when UNIX sockets are created by libuv, libuv removes the path
+            # they were bound to.  This is different from asyncio, which
+            # doesn't cleanup the socket path.
+            sock = socket_socket(uv.AF_UNIX)
+
+            try:
+                sock.bind(path)
+            except OSError as exc:
+                sock.close()
+                if exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
+                    # Let's improve the error message by adding
+                    # with what exact address it occurs.
+                    msg = 'Address {!r} is already in use'.format(orig_path)
+                    raise OSError(errno.EADDRINUSE, msg) from None
+                else:
+                    raise
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                sock.close()
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'path was not specified, and no sock specified')
+
+            if sock.family != uv.AF_UNIX or not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A UNIX Domain Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'
+                    .format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+        if cleanup_socket:
+            path = sock.getsockname()
+            # Check for abstract socket. `str` and `bytes` paths are supported.
+            if path[0] not in (0, '\x00'):
+                try:
+                    self._unix_server_sockets[sock] = os_stat(path).st_ino
+                except FileNotFoundError:
+                    pass
+
+        pipe = UnixServer.new(
+            self, protocol_factory, server, backlog,
+            ssl, ssl_handshake_timeout, ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+
+        try:
+            pipe._open(sock.fileno())
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            pipe._close()
+            sock.close()
+            raise
+
+        pipe._attach_fileobj(sock)
+        server._add_server(pipe)
+
+        if start_serving:
+            server._start_serving()
+
+        return server
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_unix_connection(self, protocol_factory, path=None, *,
+                                     ssl=None, sock=None,
+                                     server_hostname=None,
+                                     ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                     ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+
+        cdef:
+            UnixTransport tr
+            object app_protocol
+            object app_transport
+            object protocol
+            object ssl_waiter
+
+        app_protocol = protocol = protocol_factory()
+        ssl_waiter = None
+        context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        if ssl:
+            if server_hostname is None:
+                raise ValueError('You must set server_hostname '
+                                 'when using ssl without a host')
+
+            ssl_waiter = self._new_future()
+            sslcontext = None if isinstance(ssl, bool) else ssl
+            protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self, app_protocol, sslcontext, ssl_waiter,
+                False, server_hostname,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+        else:
+            if server_hostname is not None:
+                raise ValueError('server_hostname is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if path is not None:
+            if sock is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'path and sock can not be specified at the same time')
+
+            path = os_fspath(path)
+
+            if isinstance(path, str):
+                path = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(path)
+
+            waiter = self._new_future()
+            tr = UnixTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter, context)
+            tr.connect(path)
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                tr._close()
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            if sock is None:
+                raise ValueError('no path and sock were specified')
+
+            if sock.family != uv.AF_UNIX or not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A UNIX Domain Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'
+                    .format(sock))
+
+            # libuv will set the socket to non-blocking mode, but
+            # we want Python socket object to notice that.
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+
+            waiter = self._new_future()
+            tr = UnixTransport.new(self, protocol, None, waiter, context)
+            try:
+                tr._open(sock.fileno())
+                tr._init_protocol()
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                tr._close()
+                raise
+
+            tr._attach_fileobj(sock)
+
+        if ssl:
+            app_transport = protocol._get_app_transport(Context_CopyCurrent())
+            try:
+                await ssl_waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                app_transport.close()
+                raise
+            return app_transport, app_protocol
+        else:
+            return tr, protocol
+
+    def default_exception_handler(self, context):
+        """Default exception handler.
+
+        This is called when an exception occurs and no exception
+        handler is set, and can be called by a custom exception
+        handler that wants to defer to the default behavior.
+
+        The context parameter has the same meaning as in
+        `call_exception_handler()`.
+        """
+        message = context.get('message')
+        if not message:
+            message = 'Unhandled exception in event loop'
+
+        exception = context.get('exception')
+        if exception is not None:
+            exc_info = (type(exception), exception, exception.__traceback__)
+        else:
+            exc_info = False
+
+        log_lines = [message]
+        for key in sorted(context):
+            if key in {'message', 'exception'}:
+                continue
+            value = context[key]
+            if key == 'source_traceback':
+                tb = ''.join(tb_format_list(value))
+                value = 'Object created at (most recent call last):\n'
+                value += tb.rstrip()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    value = repr(value)
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException as ex:
+                    value = ('Exception in __repr__ {!r}; '
+                             'value type: {!r}'.format(ex, type(value)))
+            log_lines.append('{}: {}'.format(key, value))
+
+        aio_logger.error('\n'.join(log_lines), exc_info=exc_info)
+
+    def get_exception_handler(self):
+        """Return an exception handler, or None if the default one is in use.
+        """
+        return self._exception_handler
+
+    def set_exception_handler(self, handler):
+        """Set handler as the new event loop exception handler.
+
+        If handler is None, the default exception handler will
+        be set.
+
+        If handler is a callable object, it should have a
+        signature matching '(loop, context)', where 'loop'
+        will be a reference to the active event loop, 'context'
+        will be a dict object (see `call_exception_handler()`
+        documentation for details about context).
+        """
+        if handler is not None and not callable(handler):
+            raise TypeError('A callable object or None is expected, '
+                            'got {!r}'.format(handler))
+        self._exception_handler = handler
+
+    def call_exception_handler(self, context):
+        """Call the current event loop's exception handler.
+
+        The context argument is a dict containing the following keys:
+
+        - 'message': Error message;
+        - 'exception' (optional): Exception object;
+        - 'future' (optional): Future instance;
+        - 'handle' (optional): Handle instance;
+        - 'protocol' (optional): Protocol instance;
+        - 'transport' (optional): Transport instance;
+        - 'socket' (optional): Socket instance.
+
+        New keys maybe introduced in the future.
+
+        Note: do not overload this method in an event loop subclass.
+        For custom exception handling, use the
+        `set_exception_handler()` method.
+        """
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            self._debug_exception_handler_cnt += 1
+
+        if self._exception_handler is None:
+            try:
+                self.default_exception_handler(context)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                # Second protection layer for unexpected errors
+                # in the default implementation, as well as for subclassed
+                # event loops with overloaded "default_exception_handler".
+                aio_logger.error('Exception in default exception handler',
+                                 exc_info=True)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self._exception_handler(self, context)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                # Exception in the user set custom exception handler.
+                try:
+                    # Let's try default handler.
+                    self.default_exception_handler({
+                        'message': 'Unhandled error in exception handler',
+                        'exception': exc,
+                        'context': context,
+                    })
+                except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                    raise
+                except BaseException:
+                    # Guard 'default_exception_handler' in case it is
+                    # overloaded.
+                    aio_logger.error('Exception in default exception handler '
+                                     'while handling an unexpected error '
+                                     'in custom exception handler',
+                                     exc_info=True)
+
+    def add_reader(self, fileobj, callback, *args):
+        """Add a reader callback."""
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            args = None
+        self._add_reader(fileobj, new_Handle(self, callback, args, None))
+
+    def remove_reader(self, fileobj):
+        """Remove a reader callback."""
+        self._remove_reader(fileobj)
+
+    def add_writer(self, fileobj, callback, *args):
+        """Add a writer callback.."""
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            args = None
+        self._add_writer(fileobj, new_Handle(self, callback, args, None))
+
+    def remove_writer(self, fileobj):
+        """Remove a writer callback."""
+        self._remove_writer(fileobj)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recv(self, sock, n):
+        """Receive data from the socket.
+
+        The return value is a bytes object representing the data received.
+        The maximum amount of data to be received at once is specified by
+        nbytes.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketReaderFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_recv",
+            <method3_t>self._sock_recv,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock, n)
+
+        self._add_reader(sock, handle)
+        return await fut
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recv_into(self, sock, buf):
+        """Receive data from the socket.
+
+        The received data is written into *buf* (a writable buffer).
+        The return value is the number of bytes written.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketReaderFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_recv_into",
+            <method3_t>self._sock_recv_into,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock, buf)
+
+        self._add_reader(sock, handle)
+        return await fut
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_sendall(self, sock, data):
+        """Send data to the socket.
+
+        The socket must be connected to a remote socket. This method continues
+        to send data from data until either all data has been sent or an
+        error occurs. None is returned on success. On error, an exception is
+        raised, and there is no way to determine how much data, if any, was
+        successfully processed by the receiving end of the connection.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+            ssize_t n
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        if not data:
+            return
+
+        socket_inc_io_ref(sock)
+        try:
+            try:
+                n = sock.send(data)
+            except (BlockingIOError, InterruptedError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+                    # This can be a partial success, i.e. only part
+                    # of the data was sent
+                    self._sock_try_write_total += 1
+
+                if n == len(data):
+                    return
+                if not isinstance(data, memoryview):
+                    data = memoryview(data)
+                data = data[n:]
+
+            fut = _SyncSocketWriterFuture(sock, self)
+            handle = new_MethodHandle3(
+                self,
+                "Loop._sock_sendall",
+                <method3_t>self._sock_sendall,
+                None,
+                self,
+                fut, sock, data)
+
+            self._add_writer(sock, handle)
+            return await fut
+        finally:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(sock)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_accept(self, sock):
+        """Accept a connection.
+
+        The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections.
+        The return value is a pair (conn, address) where conn is a new socket
+        object usable to send and receive data on the connection, and address
+        is the address bound to the socket on the other end of the connection.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle handle
+
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        fut = _SyncSocketReaderFuture(sock, self)
+        handle = new_MethodHandle2(
+            self,
+            "Loop._sock_accept",
+            <method2_t>self._sock_accept,
+            None,
+            self,
+            fut, sock)
+
+        self._add_reader(sock, handle)
+        return await fut
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_connect(self, sock, address):
+        """Connect to a remote socket at address.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+        """
+        if self._debug and sock.gettimeout() != 0:
+            raise ValueError("the socket must be non-blocking")
+
+        socket_inc_io_ref(sock)
+        try:
+            if sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+                fut = self._sock_connect(sock, address)
+            else:
+                addrs = await self.getaddrinfo(
+                    *address[:2], family=sock.family)
+
+                _, _, _, _, address = addrs[0]
+                fut = self._sock_connect(sock, address)
+            if fut is not None:
+                await fut
+        finally:
+            socket_dec_io_ref(sock)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recvfrom(self, sock, bufsize):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_recvfrom_into(self, sock, buf, nbytes=0):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def sock_sendto(self, sock, data, address):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def connect_accepted_socket(self, protocol_factory, sock, *,
+                                      ssl=None,
+                                      ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                                      ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        """Handle an accepted connection.
+
+        This is used by servers that accept connections outside of
+        asyncio but that use asyncio to handle connections.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.  When completed, the coroutine
+        returns a (transport, protocol) pair.
+        """
+
+        cdef:
+            UVStream transport = None
+
+        if ssl is not None:
+            if not isinstance(ssl, ssl_SSLContext):
+                raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None')
+        else:
+            if ssl_handshake_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_handshake_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+            if ssl_shutdown_timeout is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'ssl_shutdown_timeout is only meaningful with ssl')
+
+        if not _is_sock_stream(sock.type):
+            raise ValueError(
+                'A Stream Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+
+        app_protocol = protocol_factory()
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        transport_waiter = None
+        context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+
+        if ssl is None:
+            protocol = app_protocol
+            transport_waiter = waiter
+        else:
+            protocol = SSLProtocol(
+                self, app_protocol, ssl, waiter,
+                server_side=True,
+                server_hostname=None,
+                ssl_handshake_timeout=ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                ssl_shutdown_timeout=ssl_shutdown_timeout)
+            transport_waiter = None
+
+        if sock.family == uv.AF_UNIX:
+            transport = <UVStream>UnixTransport.new(
+                self, protocol, None, transport_waiter, context)
+        elif sock.family in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+            transport = <UVStream>TCPTransport.new(
+                self, protocol, None, transport_waiter, context)
+
+        if transport is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'invalid socket family, expected AF_UNIX, AF_INET or AF_INET6')
+
+        transport._open(sock.fileno())
+        transport._init_protocol()
+        transport._attach_fileobj(sock)
+
+        if ssl:
+            app_transport = protocol._get_app_transport(context)
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                app_transport.close()
+                raise
+            return app_transport, protocol
+        else:
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException:
+                transport._close()
+                raise
+            return transport, protocol
+
+    def run_in_executor(self, executor, func, *args):
+        if aio_iscoroutine(func) or aio_iscoroutinefunction(func):
+            raise TypeError("coroutines cannot be used with run_in_executor()")
+
+        self._check_closed()
+
+        if executor is None:
+            executor = self._default_executor
+            # Only check when the default executor is being used
+            self._check_default_executor()
+            if executor is None:
+                executor = cc_ThreadPoolExecutor()
+                self._default_executor = executor
+
+        return aio_wrap_future(executor.submit(func, *args), loop=self)
+
+    def set_default_executor(self, executor):
+        self._default_executor = executor
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def __subprocess_run(self, protocol_factory, args,
+                               stdin=subprocess_PIPE,
+                               stdout=subprocess_PIPE,
+                               stderr=subprocess_PIPE,
+                               universal_newlines=False,
+                               shell=True,
+                               bufsize=0,
+                               preexec_fn=None,
+                               close_fds=None,
+                               cwd=None,
+                               env=None,
+                               startupinfo=None,
+                               creationflags=0,
+                               restore_signals=True,
+                               start_new_session=False,
+                               executable=None,
+                               pass_fds=(),
+                               **kwargs):
+
+        # TODO: Implement close_fds (might not be very important in
+        # Python 3.5, since all FDs aren't inheritable by default.)
+
+        cdef:
+            int debug_flags = 0
+
+        if universal_newlines:
+            raise ValueError("universal_newlines must be False")
+        if bufsize != 0:
+            raise ValueError("bufsize must be 0")
+        if startupinfo is not None:
+            raise ValueError('startupinfo is not supported')
+        if creationflags != 0:
+            raise ValueError('creationflags is not supported')
+
+        if executable is not None:
+            args[0] = executable
+
+        # For tests only! Do not use in your code. Ever.
+        if kwargs.pop("__uvloop_sleep_after_fork", False):
+            debug_flags |= __PROCESS_DEBUG_SLEEP_AFTER_FORK
+        if kwargs:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'unexpected kwargs: {}'.format(', '.join(kwargs.keys())))
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        protocol = protocol_factory()
+        proc = UVProcessTransport.new(self, protocol,
+                                      args, env, cwd, start_new_session,
+                                      stdin, stdout, stderr, pass_fds,
+                                      waiter,
+                                      debug_flags,
+                                      preexec_fn,
+                                      restore_signals)
+
+        try:
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            proc.close()
+            raise
+
+        return proc, protocol
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def subprocess_shell(self, protocol_factory, cmd, *,
+                               shell=True,
+                               **kwargs):
+
+        if not shell:
+            raise ValueError("shell must be True")
+
+        args = [cmd]
+        if shell:
+            args = [b'/bin/sh', b'-c'] + args
+
+        return await self.__subprocess_run(protocol_factory, args, shell=True,
+                                           **kwargs)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def subprocess_exec(self, protocol_factory, program, *args,
+                              shell=False, **kwargs):
+
+        if shell:
+            raise ValueError("shell must be False")
+
+        args = list((program,) + args)
+
+        return await self.__subprocess_run(protocol_factory, args, shell=False,
+                                           **kwargs)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def connect_read_pipe(self, proto_factory, pipe):
+        """Register read pipe in event loop. Set the pipe to non-blocking mode.
+
+        protocol_factory should instantiate object with Protocol interface.
+        pipe is a file-like object.
+        Return pair (transport, protocol), where transport supports the
+        ReadTransport interface."""
+        cdef:
+            ReadUnixTransport transp
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        proto = proto_factory()
+        transp = ReadUnixTransport.new(self, proto, None, waiter)
+        transp._add_extra_info('pipe', pipe)
+        try:
+            transp._open(pipe.fileno())
+            transp._init_protocol()
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            transp._close()
+            raise
+        transp._attach_fileobj(pipe)
+        return transp, proto
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def connect_write_pipe(self, proto_factory, pipe):
+        """Register write pipe in event loop.
+
+        protocol_factory should instantiate object with BaseProtocol interface.
+        Pipe is file-like object already switched to nonblocking.
+        Return pair (transport, protocol), where transport support
+        WriteTransport interface."""
+        cdef:
+            WriteUnixTransport transp
+
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        proto = proto_factory()
+        transp = WriteUnixTransport.new(self, proto, None, waiter)
+        transp._add_extra_info('pipe', pipe)
+        try:
+            transp._open(pipe.fileno())
+            transp._init_protocol()
+            await waiter
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        except BaseException:
+            transp._close()
+            raise
+        transp._attach_fileobj(pipe)
+        return transp, proto
+
+    def add_signal_handler(self, sig, callback, *args):
+        """Add a handler for a signal.  UNIX only.
+
+        Raise ValueError if the signal number is invalid or uncatchable.
+        Raise RuntimeError if there is a problem setting up the handler.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            Handle h
+
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            raise ValueError(
+                'add_signal_handler() can only be called from '
+                'the main thread')
+
+        if (aio_iscoroutine(callback)
+                or aio_iscoroutinefunction(callback)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "coroutines cannot be used with add_signal_handler()")
+
+        if sig == uv.SIGCHLD:
+            if (hasattr(callback, '__self__') and
+                    isinstance(callback.__self__, aio_AbstractChildWatcher)):
+
+                warnings_warn(
+                    "!!! asyncio is trying to install its ChildWatcher for "
+                    "SIGCHLD signal !!!\n\nThis is probably because a uvloop "
+                    "instance is used with asyncio.set_event_loop(). "
+                    "The correct way to use uvloop is to install its policy: "
+                    "`asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())`"
+                    "\n\n", RuntimeWarning, source=self)
+
+                # TODO: ideally we should always raise an error here,
+                # but that would be a backwards incompatible change,
+                # because we recommended using "asyncio.set_event_loop()"
+                # in our README.  Need to start a deprecation period
+                # at some point to turn this warning into an error.
+                return
+
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'cannot add a signal handler for SIGCHLD: it is used '
+                'by the event loop to track subprocesses')
+
+        self._check_signal(sig)
+        self._check_closed()
+
+        h = new_Handle(self, callback, args or None, None)
+        self._signal_handlers[sig] = h
+
+        try:
+            # Register a dummy signal handler to ask Python to write the signal
+            # number in the wakeup file descriptor.
+            signal_signal(sig, self.__sighandler)
+
+            # Set SA_RESTART to limit EINTR occurrences.
+            signal_siginterrupt(sig, False)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            del self._signal_handlers[sig]
+            if not self._signal_handlers:
+                try:
+                    signal_set_wakeup_fd(-1)
+                except (ValueError, OSError) as nexc:
+                    aio_logger.info('set_wakeup_fd(-1) failed: %s', nexc)
+
+            if exc.errno == errno_EINVAL:
+                raise RuntimeError('sig {} cannot be caught'.format(sig))
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def remove_signal_handler(self, sig):
+        """Remove a handler for a signal.  UNIX only.
+
+        Return True if a signal handler was removed, False if not.
+        """
+
+        if not self._is_main_thread():
+            raise ValueError(
+                'remove_signal_handler() can only be called from '
+                'the main thread')
+
+        self._check_signal(sig)
+
+        if not self._listening_signals:
+            return False
+
+        try:
+            del self._signal_handlers[sig]
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+        if sig == uv.SIGINT:
+            handler = signal_default_int_handler
+        else:
+            handler = signal_SIG_DFL
+
+        try:
+            signal_signal(sig, handler)
+        except OSError as exc:
+            if exc.errno == errno_EINVAL:
+                raise RuntimeError('sig {} cannot be caught'.format(sig))
+            else:
+                raise
+
+        return True
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def create_datagram_endpoint(self, protocol_factory,
+                                       local_addr=None, remote_addr=None, *,
+                                       family=0, proto=0, flags=0,
+                                       reuse_address=_unset, reuse_port=None,
+                                       allow_broadcast=None, sock=None):
+        """A coroutine which creates a datagram endpoint.
+
+        This method will try to establish the endpoint in the background.
+        When successful, the coroutine returns a (transport, protocol) pair.
+
+        protocol_factory must be a callable returning a protocol instance.
+
+        socket family AF_INET or socket.AF_INET6 depending on host (or
+        family if specified), socket type SOCK_DGRAM.
+
+        reuse_port tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to
+        the same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as
+        they all set this flag when being created. This option is not
+        supported on Windows and some UNIX's. If the
+        :py:data:`~socket.SO_REUSEPORT` constant is not defined then this
+        capability is unsupported.
+
+        allow_broadcast tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to send
+        messages to the broadcast address.
+
+        sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
+        socket object.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            UDPTransport udp = None
+            system.addrinfo * lai
+            system.addrinfo * rai
+
+        if sock is not None:
+            if not _is_sock_dgram(sock.type):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'A UDP Socket was expected, got {!r}'.format(sock))
+            if (local_addr or remote_addr or
+                    family or proto or flags or
+                    reuse_port or allow_broadcast):
+                # show the problematic kwargs in exception msg
+                opts = dict(local_addr=local_addr, remote_addr=remote_addr,
+                            family=family, proto=proto, flags=flags,
+                            reuse_address=reuse_address, reuse_port=reuse_port,
+                            allow_broadcast=allow_broadcast)
+                problems = ', '.join(
+                    '{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in opts.items() if v)
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'socket modifier keyword arguments can not be used '
+                    'when sock is specified. ({})'.format(problems))
+            sock.setblocking(False)
+            udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+            udp._init(self, uv.AF_UNSPEC)
+            udp.open(sock.family, sock.fileno())
+            udp._attach_fileobj(sock)
+        else:
+            if reuse_address is not _unset:
+                if reuse_address:
+                    raise ValueError("Passing `reuse_address=True` is no "
+                                     "longer supported, as the usage of "
+                                     "SO_REUSEPORT in UDP poses a significant "
+                                     "security concern.")
+                else:
+                    warnings_warn("The *reuse_address* parameter has been "
+                                  "deprecated as of 0.15.", DeprecationWarning,
+                                  stacklevel=2)
+            reuse_port = bool(reuse_port)
+            if reuse_port and not has_SO_REUSEPORT:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    'reuse_port not supported by socket module')
+
+            lads = None
+            if local_addr is not None:
+                if (not isinstance(local_addr, (tuple, list)) or
+                        len(local_addr) != 2):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'local_addr must be a tuple of (host, port)')
+                lads = await self._getaddrinfo(
+                    local_addr[0], local_addr[1],
+                    family, uv.SOCK_DGRAM, proto, flags,
+                    0)
+
+            rads = None
+            if remote_addr is not None:
+                if (not isinstance(remote_addr, (tuple, list)) or
+                        len(remote_addr) != 2):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        'remote_addr must be a tuple of (host, port)')
+                rads = await self._getaddrinfo(
+                    remote_addr[0], remote_addr[1],
+                    family, uv.SOCK_DGRAM, proto, flags,
+                    0)
+
+            excs = []
+            if lads is None:
+                if rads is not None:
+                    udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+                    rai = (<AddrInfo>rads).data
+                    udp._init(self, rai.ai_family)
+                    udp._connect(rai.ai_addr, rai.ai_addrlen)
+                    udp._set_address(rai)
+                else:
+                    if family not in (uv.AF_INET, uv.AF_INET6):
+                        raise ValueError('unexpected address family')
+                    udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+                    udp._init(self, family)
+
+                if reuse_port:
+                    self._sock_set_reuseport(udp._fileno())
+
+            else:
+                lai = (<AddrInfo>lads).data
+                while lai is not NULL:
+                    try:
+                        udp = UDPTransport.__new__(UDPTransport)
+                        udp._init(self, lai.ai_family)
+                        if reuse_port:
+                            self._sock_set_reuseport(udp._fileno())
+                        udp._bind(lai.ai_addr)
+                    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                        raise
+                    except BaseException as ex:
+                        lai = lai.ai_next
+                        excs.append(ex)
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    ctx = None
+                    if len(excs):
+                        ctx = excs[0]
+                    raise OSError('could not bind to local_addr {}'.format(
+                        local_addr)) from ctx
+
+                if rads is not None:
+                    rai = (<AddrInfo>rads).data
+                    while rai is not NULL:
+                        if rai.ai_family != lai.ai_family:
+                            rai = rai.ai_next
+                            continue
+                        if rai.ai_protocol != lai.ai_protocol:
+                            rai = rai.ai_next
+                            continue
+                        udp._connect(rai.ai_addr, rai.ai_addrlen)
+                        udp._set_address(rai)
+                        break
+                    else:
+                        raise OSError(
+                            'could not bind to remote_addr {}'.format(
+                                remote_addr))
+
+        if allow_broadcast:
+            udp._set_broadcast(1)
+
+        protocol = protocol_factory()
+        waiter = self._new_future()
+        assert udp is not None
+        udp._set_protocol(protocol)
+        udp._set_waiter(waiter)
+        udp._init_protocol()
+
+        await waiter
+        return udp, protocol
+
+    def _monitor_fs(self, path: str, callback) -> asyncio.Handle:
+        cdef:
+            UVFSEvent fs_handle
+            char* c_str_path
+
+        self._check_closed()
+        fs_handle = UVFSEvent.new(self, callback, None)
+        p_bytes = path.encode('UTF-8')
+        c_str_path = p_bytes
+        flags = 0
+        fs_handle.start(c_str_path, flags)
+        return fs_handle
+
+    def _check_default_executor(self):
+        if self._executor_shutdown_called:
+            raise RuntimeError('Executor shutdown has been called')
+
+    def _asyncgen_finalizer_hook(self, agen):
+        self._asyncgens.discard(agen)
+        if not self.is_closed():
+            self.call_soon_threadsafe(self.create_task, agen.aclose())
+
+    def _asyncgen_firstiter_hook(self, agen):
+        if self._asyncgens_shutdown_called:
+            warnings_warn(
+                "asynchronous generator {!r} was scheduled after "
+                "loop.shutdown_asyncgens() call".format(agen),
+                ResourceWarning, source=self)
+
+        self._asyncgens.add(agen)
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def shutdown_asyncgens(self):
+        """Shutdown all active asynchronous generators."""
+        self._asyncgens_shutdown_called = True
+
+        if not len(self._asyncgens):
+            return
+
+        closing_agens = list(self._asyncgens)
+        self._asyncgens.clear()
+
+        shutdown_coro = aio_gather(
+            *[ag.aclose() for ag in closing_agens],
+            return_exceptions=True)
+
+        results = await shutdown_coro
+        for result, agen in zip(results, closing_agens):
+            if isinstance(result, Exception):
+                self.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'an error occurred during closing of '
+                               'asynchronous generator {!r}'.format(agen),
+                    'exception': result,
+                    'asyncgen': agen
+                })
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def shutdown_default_executor(self, timeout=None):
+        """Schedule the shutdown of the default executor.
+
+        The timeout parameter specifies the amount of time the executor will
+        be given to finish joining. The default value is None, which means
+        that the executor will be given an unlimited amount of time.
+        """
+        self._executor_shutdown_called = True
+        if self._default_executor is None:
+            return
+        future = self.create_future()
+        thread = threading_Thread(target=self._do_shutdown, args=(future,))
+        thread.start()
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            thread.join(timeout)
+
+        if thread.is_alive():
+            warnings_warn(
+                "The executor did not finishing joining "
+                f"its threads within {timeout} seconds.",
+                RuntimeWarning,
+                stacklevel=2
+            )
+            self._default_executor.shutdown(wait=False)
+
+    def _do_shutdown(self, future):
+        try:
+            self._default_executor.shutdown(wait=True)
+            self.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_result, None)
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self.call_soon_threadsafe(future.set_exception, ex)
+
+
+# Expose pointer for integration with other C-extensions
+def libuv_get_loop_t_ptr(loop):
+    return PyCapsule_New(<void *>(<Loop>loop).uvloop, NULL, NULL)
+
+
+def libuv_get_version():
+    return uv.uv_version()
+
+
+def _testhelper_unwrap_capsuled_pointer(obj):
+    return <uint64_t>PyCapsule_GetPointer(obj, NULL)
+
+
+cdef void __loop_alloc_buffer(
+    uv.uv_handle_t* uvhandle,
+    size_t suggested_size,
+    uv.uv_buf_t* buf
+) noexcept with gil:
+    cdef:
+        Loop loop = (<UVHandle>uvhandle.data)._loop
+
+    if loop._recv_buffer_in_use == 1:
+        buf.len = 0
+        exc = RuntimeError('concurrent allocations')
+        loop._handle_exception(exc)
+        return
+
+    loop._recv_buffer_in_use = 1
+    buf.base = loop._recv_buffer
+    buf.len = sizeof(loop._recv_buffer)
+
+
+cdef inline void __loop_free_buffer(Loop loop):
+    loop._recv_buffer_in_use = 0
+
+
+class _SyncSocketReaderFuture(aio_Future):
+
+    def __init__(self, sock, loop):
+        aio_Future.__init__(self, loop=loop)
+        self.__sock = sock
+        self.__loop = loop
+
+    def __remove_reader(self):
+        if self.__sock is not None and self.__sock.fileno() != -1:
+            self.__loop.remove_reader(self.__sock)
+            self.__sock = None
+
+    if PY39:
+        def cancel(self, msg=None):
+            self.__remove_reader()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self, msg=msg)
+
+    else:
+        def cancel(self):
+            self.__remove_reader()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self)
+
+
+class _SyncSocketWriterFuture(aio_Future):
+
+    def __init__(self, sock, loop):
+        aio_Future.__init__(self, loop=loop)
+        self.__sock = sock
+        self.__loop = loop
+
+    def __remove_writer(self):
+        if self.__sock is not None and self.__sock.fileno() != -1:
+            self.__loop.remove_writer(self.__sock)
+            self.__sock = None
+
+    if PY39:
+        def cancel(self, msg=None):
+            self.__remove_writer()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self, msg=msg)
+
+    else:
+        def cancel(self):
+            self.__remove_writer()
+            aio_Future.cancel(self)
+
+
+include "cbhandles.pyx"
+include "pseudosock.pyx"
+include "lru.pyx"
+
+include "handles/handle.pyx"
+include "handles/async_.pyx"
+include "handles/idle.pyx"
+include "handles/check.pyx"
+include "handles/timer.pyx"
+include "handles/poll.pyx"
+include "handles/basetransport.pyx"
+include "handles/stream.pyx"
+include "handles/streamserver.pyx"
+include "handles/tcp.pyx"
+include "handles/pipe.pyx"
+include "handles/process.pyx"
+include "handles/fsevent.pyx"
+
+include "request.pyx"
+include "dns.pyx"
+include "sslproto.pyx"
+
+include "handles/udp.pyx"
+
+include "server.pyx"
+
+
+# Used in UVProcess
+cdef vint __atfork_installed = 0
+cdef vint __forking = 0
+cdef Loop __forking_loop = None
+
+
+cdef void __get_fork_handler() noexcept nogil:
+    with gil:
+        if (__forking and __forking_loop is not None and
+                __forking_loop.active_process_handler is not None):
+            __forking_loop.active_process_handler._after_fork()
+
+cdef __install_atfork():
+    global __atfork_installed
+
+    if __atfork_installed:
+        return
+    __atfork_installed = 1
+
+    cdef int err
+
+    err = system.pthread_atfork(NULL, NULL, &system.handleAtFork)
+    if err:
+        __atfork_installed = 0
+        raise convert_error(-err)
+
+
+# Install PyMem* memory allocators
+cdef vint __mem_installed = 0
+cdef __install_pymem():
+    global __mem_installed
+    if __mem_installed:
+        return
+    __mem_installed = 1
+
+    cdef int err
+    err = uv.uv_replace_allocator(<uv.uv_malloc_func>PyMem_RawMalloc,
+                                  <uv.uv_realloc_func>PyMem_RawRealloc,
+                                  <uv.uv_calloc_func>PyMem_RawCalloc,
+                                  <uv.uv_free_func>PyMem_RawFree)
+    if err < 0:
+        __mem_installed = 0
+        raise convert_error(err)
+
+
+cdef _set_signal_wakeup_fd(fd):
+    if fd >= 0:
+        return signal_set_wakeup_fd(fd, warn_on_full_buffer=False)
+    else:
+        return signal_set_wakeup_fd(fd)
+
+
+# Helpers for tests
+
+@cython.iterable_coroutine
+async def _test_coroutine_1():
+    return 42
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/lru.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/lru.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc7ea1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/lru.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+cdef object _LRU_MARKER = object()
+
+
+@cython.final
+cdef class LruCache:
+
+    cdef:
+        object _dict
+        int _maxsize
+        object _dict_move_to_end
+        object _dict_get
+
+    # We use an OrderedDict for LRU implementation.  Operations:
+    #
+    # * We use a simple `__setitem__` to push a new entry:
+    #       `entries[key] = new_entry`
+    #   That will push `new_entry` to the *end* of the entries dict.
+    #
+    # * When we have a cache hit, we call
+    #       `entries.move_to_end(key, last=True)`
+    #   to move the entry to the *end* of the entries dict.
+    #
+    # * When we need to remove entries to maintain `max_size`, we call
+    #       `entries.popitem(last=False)`
+    #   to remove an entry from the *beginning* of the entries dict.
+    #
+    # So new entries and hits are always promoted to the end of the
+    # entries dict, whereas the unused one will group in the
+    # beginning of it.
+
+    def __init__(self, *, maxsize):
+        if maxsize <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'maxsize is expected to be greater than 0, got {maxsize}')
+
+        self._dict = col_OrderedDict()
+        self._dict_move_to_end = self._dict.move_to_end
+        self._dict_get = self._dict.get
+        self._maxsize = maxsize
+
+    cdef get(self, key, default):
+        o = self._dict_get(key, _LRU_MARKER)
+        if o is _LRU_MARKER:
+            return default
+        self._dict_move_to_end(key)  # last=True
+        return o
+
+    cdef inline needs_cleanup(self):
+        return len(self._dict) > self._maxsize
+
+    cdef inline cleanup_one(self):
+        k, _ = self._dict.popitem(last=False)
+        return k
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        o = self._dict[key]
+        self._dict_move_to_end(key)  # last=True
+        return o
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, o):
+        if key in self._dict:
+            self._dict[key] = o
+            self._dict_move_to_end(key)  # last=True
+        else:
+            self._dict[key] = o
+        while self.needs_cleanup():
+            self.cleanup_one()
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._dict[key]
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return key in self._dict
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._dict)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/pseudosock.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/pseudosock.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10a1ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/pseudosock.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+cdef class PseudoSocket:
+    cdef:
+        int _family
+        int _type
+        int _proto
+        int _fd
+        object _peername
+        object _sockname
+
+    def __init__(self, int family, int type, int proto, int fd):
+        self._family = family
+        self._type = type
+        self._proto = proto
+        self._fd = fd
+        self._peername = None
+        self._sockname = None
+
+    cdef _na(self, what):
+        raise TypeError('transport sockets do not support {}'.format(what))
+
+    cdef _make_sock(self):
+        return socket_socket(self._family, self._type, self._proto, self._fd)
+
+    property family:
+        def __get__(self):
+            try:
+                return socket_AddressFamily(self._family)
+            except ValueError:
+                return self._family
+
+    property type:
+        def __get__(self):
+            try:
+                return socket_SocketKind(self._type)
+            except ValueError:
+                return self._type
+
+    property proto:
+        def __get__(self):
+            return self._proto
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        s = ("<uvloop.PseudoSocket fd={}, family={!s}, "
+             "type={!s}, proto={}").format(self.fileno(), self.family.name,
+                                           self.type.name, self.proto)
+
+        if self._fd != -1:
+            try:
+                laddr = self.getsockname()
+                if laddr:
+                    s += ", laddr=%s" % str(laddr)
+            except socket_error:
+                pass
+            try:
+                raddr = self.getpeername()
+                if raddr:
+                    s += ", raddr=%s" % str(raddr)
+            except socket_error:
+                pass
+        s += '>'
+        return s
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        raise TypeError("Cannot serialize socket object")
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self._fd
+
+    def dup(self):
+        fd = os_dup(self._fd)
+        sock = socket_socket(self._family, self._type, self._proto, fileno=fd)
+        sock.settimeout(0)
+        return sock
+
+    def get_inheritable(self):
+        return os_get_inheritable(self._fd)
+
+    def set_inheritable(self):
+        os_set_inheritable(self._fd)
+
+    def ioctl(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def getsockopt(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            return sock.getsockopt(*args, **kwargs)
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def setsockopt(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            return sock.setsockopt(*args, **kwargs)
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def getpeername(self):
+        if self._peername is not None:
+            return self._peername
+
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            self._peername = sock.getpeername()
+            return self._peername
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def getsockname(self):
+        if self._sockname is not None:
+            return self._sockname
+
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            self._sockname = sock.getsockname()
+            return self._sockname
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def share(self, process_id):
+        sock = self._make_sock()
+        try:
+            return sock.share(process_id)
+        finally:
+            sock.detach()
+
+    def accept(self):
+        self._na('accept() method')
+
+    def connect(self, *args):
+        self._na('connect() method')
+
+    def connect_ex(self, *args):
+        self._na('connect_ex() method')
+
+    def bind(self, *args):
+        self._na('bind() method')
+
+    def listen(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('listen() method')
+
+    def makefile(self):
+        self._na('makefile() method')
+
+    def sendfile(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendfile() method')
+
+    def close(self):
+        self._na('close() method')
+
+    def detach(self):
+        self._na('detach() method')
+
+    def shutdown(self, *args):
+        self._na('shutdown() method')
+
+    def sendmsg_afalg(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendmsg_afalg() method')
+
+    def sendmsg(self):
+        self._na('sendmsg() method')
+
+    def sendto(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendto() method')
+
+    def send(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('send() method')
+
+    def sendall(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('sendall() method')
+
+    def recv_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recv_into() method')
+
+    def recvfrom_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvfrom_into() method')
+
+    def recvmsg_into(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvmsg_into() method')
+
+    def recvmsg(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvmsg() method')
+
+    def recvfrom(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recvfrom() method')
+
+    def recv(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._na('recv() method')
+
+    def settimeout(self, value):
+        if value == 0:
+            return
+        raise ValueError(
+            'settimeout(): only 0 timeout is allowed on transport sockets')
+
+    def gettimeout(self):
+        return 0
+
+    def setblocking(self, flag):
+        if not flag:
+            return
+        raise ValueError(
+            'setblocking(): transport sockets cannot be blocking')
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._na('context manager protocol')
+
+    def __exit__(self, *err):
+        self._na('context manager protocol')
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bafa51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cdef class UVRequest:
+    cdef:
+        uv.uv_req_t *request
+        bint done
+        Loop loop
+
+    cdef on_done(self)
+    cdef cancel(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f15103a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/request.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+cdef class UVRequest:
+    """A base class for all libuv requests (uv_getaddrinfo_t, etc).
+
+    Important: it's a responsibility of the subclass to call the
+    "on_done" method in the request's callback.
+
+    If "on_done" isn't called, the request object will never die.
+    """
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, *_):
+        self.request = NULL
+        self.loop = loop
+        self.done = 0
+        Py_INCREF(self)
+
+    cdef on_done(self):
+        self.done = 1
+        Py_DECREF(self)
+
+    cdef cancel(self):
+        # Most requests are implemented using a threadpool.  It's only
+        # possible to cancel a request when it's still in a threadpool's
+        # queue.  Once it's started to execute, we have to wait until
+        # it finishes and calls its callback (and callback *must* call
+        # UVRequest.on_done).
+
+        cdef int err
+
+        if self.done == 1:
+            return
+
+        if UVLOOP_DEBUG:
+            if self.request is NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}.cancel: .request is NULL'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if self.request.data is NULL:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}.cancel: .request.data is NULL'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+            if <UVRequest>self.request.data is not self:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    '{}.cancel: .request.data is not UVRequest'.format(
+                        self.__class__.__name__))
+
+        # We only can cancel pending requests.  Let's try.
+        err = uv.uv_cancel(self.request)
+        if err < 0:
+            if err == uv.UV_EBUSY:
+                # Can't close the request -- it's executing (see the first
+                # comment).  Loop will have to wait until the callback
+                # fires.
+                pass
+            elif err == uv.UV_EINVAL:
+                # From libuv docs:
+                #
+                #     Only cancellation of uv_fs_t, uv_getaddrinfo_t,
+                #     uv_getnameinfo_t and uv_work_t requests is currently
+                #     supported.
+                return
+            else:
+                ex = convert_error(err)
+                self.loop._handle_exception(ex)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef10f81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+cdef class Server:
+    cdef:
+        list _servers
+        list _waiters
+        int _active_count
+        Loop _loop
+        bint _serving
+        object _serving_forever_fut
+        object __weakref__
+
+    cdef _add_server(self, UVStreamServer srv)
+    cdef _start_serving(self)
+    cdef _wakeup(self)
+
+    cdef _attach(self)
+    cdef _detach(self)
+
+    cdef _ref(self)
+    cdef _unref(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..845bcfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/server.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import asyncio
+
+
+cdef class Server:
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop):
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._servers = []
+        self._waiters = []
+        self._active_count = 0
+        self._serving_forever_fut = None
+
+    cdef _add_server(self, UVStreamServer srv):
+        self._servers.append(srv)
+
+    cdef _start_serving(self):
+        if self._serving:
+            return
+
+        self._serving = 1
+        for server in self._servers:
+            (<UVStreamServer>server).listen()
+
+    cdef _wakeup(self):
+        cdef list waiters
+
+        waiters = self._waiters
+        self._waiters = None
+        for waiter in waiters:
+            if not waiter.done():
+                waiter.set_result(waiter)
+
+    cdef _attach(self):
+        assert self._servers is not None
+        self._active_count += 1
+
+    cdef _detach(self):
+        assert self._active_count > 0
+        self._active_count -= 1
+        if self._active_count == 0 and self._servers is None:
+            self._wakeup()
+
+    cdef _ref(self):
+        # Keep the server object alive while it's not explicitly closed.
+        self._loop._servers.add(self)
+
+    cdef _unref(self):
+        self._loop._servers.discard(self)
+
+    # Public API
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc):
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s sockets=%r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.sockets)
+
+    def get_loop(self):
+        return self._loop
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def wait_closed(self):
+        # Do not remove `self._servers is None` below
+        # because close() method only closes server sockets
+        # and existing client connections are left open.
+        if self._servers is None or self._waiters is None:
+            return
+        waiter = self._loop._new_future()
+        self._waiters.append(waiter)
+        await waiter
+
+    def close(self):
+        cdef list servers
+
+        if self._servers is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            servers = self._servers
+            self._servers = None
+            self._serving = 0
+
+            for server in servers:
+                (<UVStreamServer>server)._close()
+
+            if self._active_count == 0:
+                self._wakeup()
+        finally:
+            self._unref()
+
+    def is_serving(self):
+        return self._serving
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def start_serving(self):
+        self._start_serving()
+
+    @cython.iterable_coroutine
+    async def serve_forever(self):
+        if self._serving_forever_fut is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f'server {self!r} is already being awaited on serve_forever()')
+        if self._servers is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(f'server {self!r} is closed')
+
+        self._start_serving()
+        self._serving_forever_fut = self._loop.create_future()
+
+        try:
+            await self._serving_forever_fut
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            try:
+                self.close()
+                await self.wait_closed()
+            finally:
+                raise
+        finally:
+            self._serving_forever_fut = None
+
+    property sockets:
+        def __get__(self):
+            cdef list sockets = []
+
+            # Guard against `self._servers is None`
+            if self._servers:
+                for server in self._servers:
+                    sockets.append(
+                        (<UVStreamServer>server)._get_socket()
+                    )
+
+            return sockets
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pxd b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pxd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3da10f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pxd
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+cdef enum SSLProtocolState:
+    UNWRAPPED = 0
+    DO_HANDSHAKE = 1
+    WRAPPED = 2
+    FLUSHING = 3
+    SHUTDOWN = 4
+
+
+cdef enum AppProtocolState:
+    # This tracks the state of app protocol (https://git.io/fj59P):
+    #
+    #     INIT -cm-> CON_MADE [-dr*->] [-er-> EOF?] -cl-> CON_LOST
+    #
+    # * cm: connection_made()
+    # * dr: data_received()
+    # * er: eof_received()
+    # * cl: connection_lost()
+
+    STATE_INIT = 0
+    STATE_CON_MADE = 1
+    STATE_EOF = 2
+    STATE_CON_LOST = 3
+
+
+cdef class _SSLProtocolTransport:
+    cdef:
+        Loop _loop
+        SSLProtocol _ssl_protocol
+        bint _closed
+        object context
+
+
+cdef class SSLProtocol:
+    cdef:
+        bint _server_side
+        str _server_hostname
+        object _sslcontext
+
+        object _extra
+
+        object _write_backlog
+        size_t _write_buffer_size
+
+        object _waiter
+        Loop _loop
+        _SSLProtocolTransport _app_transport
+        bint _app_transport_created
+
+        object _transport
+        object _ssl_handshake_timeout
+        object _ssl_shutdown_timeout
+
+        object _sslobj
+        object _sslobj_read
+        object _sslobj_write
+        object _incoming
+        object _incoming_write
+        object _outgoing
+        object _outgoing_read
+        char* _ssl_buffer
+        size_t _ssl_buffer_len
+        object _ssl_buffer_view
+        SSLProtocolState _state
+        size_t _conn_lost
+        AppProtocolState _app_state
+
+        bint _ssl_writing_paused
+        bint _app_reading_paused
+
+        size_t _incoming_high_water
+        size_t _incoming_low_water
+        bint _ssl_reading_paused
+
+        bint _app_writing_paused
+        size_t _outgoing_high_water
+        size_t _outgoing_low_water
+
+        object _app_protocol
+        bint _app_protocol_is_buffer
+        object _app_protocol_get_buffer
+        object _app_protocol_buffer_updated
+
+        object _handshake_start_time
+        object _handshake_timeout_handle
+        object _shutdown_timeout_handle
+
+    cdef _set_app_protocol(self, app_protocol)
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self, exc=*)
+    cdef _get_extra_info(self, name, default=*)
+    cdef _set_state(self, SSLProtocolState new_state)
+
+    # Handshake flow
+
+    cdef _start_handshake(self)
+    cdef _check_handshake_timeout(self)
+    cdef _do_handshake(self)
+    cdef _on_handshake_complete(self, handshake_exc)
+
+    # Shutdown flow
+
+    cdef _start_shutdown(self, object context=*)
+    cdef _check_shutdown_timeout(self)
+    cdef _do_read_into_void(self, object context)
+    cdef _do_flush(self, object context=*)
+    cdef _do_shutdown(self, object context=*)
+    cdef _on_shutdown_complete(self, shutdown_exc)
+    cdef _abort(self, exc)
+
+    # Outgoing flow
+
+    cdef _write_appdata(self, list_of_data, object context)
+    cdef _do_write(self)
+    cdef _process_outgoing(self)
+
+    # Incoming flow
+
+    cdef _do_read(self)
+    cdef _do_read__buffered(self)
+    cdef _do_read__copied(self)
+    cdef _call_eof_received(self, object context=*)
+
+    # Flow control for writes from APP socket
+
+    cdef _control_app_writing(self, object context=*)
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self)
+    cdef _set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=*, low=*)
+
+    # Flow control for reads to APP socket
+
+    cdef _pause_reading(self)
+    cdef _resume_reading(self, object context)
+
+    # Flow control for reads from SSL socket
+
+    cdef _control_ssl_reading(self)
+    cdef _set_read_buffer_limits(self, high=*, low=*)
+    cdef size_t _get_read_buffer_size(self)
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, message=*)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pyx b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42bb764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/uvloop/sslproto.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+cdef _create_transport_context(server_side, server_hostname):
+    if server_side:
+        raise ValueError('Server side SSL needs a valid SSLContext')
+
+    # Client side may pass ssl=True to use a default
+    # context; in that case the sslcontext passed is None.
+    # The default is secure for client connections.
+    # Python 3.4+: use up-to-date strong settings.
+    sslcontext = ssl_create_default_context()
+    if not server_hostname:
+        sslcontext.check_hostname = False
+    return sslcontext
+
+
+cdef class _SSLProtocolTransport:
+
+    # TODO:
+    # _sendfile_compatible = constants._SendfileMode.FALLBACK
+
+    def __cinit__(self, Loop loop, ssl_protocol, context):
+        self._loop = loop
+        # SSLProtocol instance
+        self._ssl_protocol = ssl_protocol
+        self._closed = False
+        if context is None:
+            context = Context_CopyCurrent()
+        self.context = context
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        """Get optional transport information."""
+        return self._ssl_protocol._get_extra_info(name, default)
+
+    def set_protocol(self, protocol):
+        self._ssl_protocol._set_app_protocol(protocol)
+
+    def get_protocol(self):
+        return self._ssl_protocol._app_protocol
+
+    def is_closing(self):
+        return self._closed
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the transport.
+
+        Buffered data will be flushed asynchronously.  No more data
+        will be received.  After all buffered data is flushed, the
+        protocol's connection_lost() method will (eventually) called
+        with None as its argument.
+        """
+        self._closed = True
+        self._ssl_protocol._start_shutdown(self.context.copy())
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._closed = True
+            warnings_warn(
+                "unclosed transport <uvloop.loop._SSLProtocolTransport "
+                "object>", ResourceWarning)
+
+    def is_reading(self):
+        return not self._ssl_protocol._app_reading_paused
+
+    def pause_reading(self):
+        """Pause the receiving end.
+
+        No data will be passed to the protocol's data_received()
+        method until resume_reading() is called.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._pause_reading()
+
+    def resume_reading(self):
+        """Resume the receiving end.
+
+        Data received will once again be passed to the protocol's
+        data_received() method.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._resume_reading(self.context.copy())
+
+    def set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        """Set the high- and low-water limits for write flow control.
+
+        These two values control when to call the protocol's
+        pause_writing() and resume_writing() methods.  If specified,
+        the low-water limit must be less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Neither value can be negative.
+
+        The defaults are implementation-specific.  If only the
+        high-water limit is given, the low-water limit defaults to an
+        implementation-specific value less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Setting high to zero forces low to zero as
+        well, and causes pause_writing() to be called whenever the
+        buffer becomes non-empty.  Setting low to zero causes
+        resume_writing() to be called only once the buffer is empty.
+        Use of zero for either limit is generally sub-optimal as it
+        reduces opportunities for doing I/O and computation
+        concurrently.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._set_write_buffer_limits(high, low)
+        self._ssl_protocol._control_app_writing(self.context.copy())
+
+    def get_write_buffer_limits(self):
+        return (self._ssl_protocol._outgoing_low_water,
+                self._ssl_protocol._outgoing_high_water)
+
+    def get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        """Return the current size of the write buffers."""
+        return self._ssl_protocol._get_write_buffer_size()
+
+    def set_read_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        """Set the high- and low-water limits for read flow control.
+
+        These two values control when to call the upstream transport's
+        pause_reading() and resume_reading() methods.  If specified,
+        the low-water limit must be less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Neither value can be negative.
+
+        The defaults are implementation-specific.  If only the
+        high-water limit is given, the low-water limit defaults to an
+        implementation-specific value less than or equal to the
+        high-water limit.  Setting high to zero forces low to zero as
+        well, and causes pause_reading() to be called whenever the
+        buffer becomes non-empty.  Setting low to zero causes
+        resume_reading() to be called only once the buffer is empty.
+        Use of zero for either limit is generally sub-optimal as it
+        reduces opportunities for doing I/O and computation
+        concurrently.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._set_read_buffer_limits(high, low)
+        self._ssl_protocol._control_ssl_reading()
+
+    def get_read_buffer_limits(self):
+        return (self._ssl_protocol._incoming_low_water,
+                self._ssl_protocol._incoming_high_water)
+
+    def get_read_buffer_size(self):
+        """Return the current size of the read buffer."""
+        return self._ssl_protocol._get_read_buffer_size()
+
+    @property
+    def _protocol_paused(self):
+        # Required for sendfile fallback pause_writing/resume_writing logic
+        return self._ssl_protocol._app_writing_paused
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        """Write some data bytes to the transport.
+
+        This does not block; it buffers the data and arranges for it
+        to be sent out asynchronously.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+            raise TypeError(f"data: expecting a bytes-like instance, "
+                            f"got {type(data).__name__}")
+        if not data:
+            return
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_appdata((data,), self.context.copy())
+
+    def writelines(self, list_of_data):
+        """Write a list (or any iterable) of data bytes to the transport.
+
+        The default implementation concatenates the arguments and
+        calls write() on the result.
+        """
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_appdata(list_of_data, self.context.copy())
+
+    def write_eof(self):
+        """Close the write end after flushing buffered data.
+
+        This raises :exc:`NotImplementedError` right now.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def can_write_eof(self):
+        """Return True if this transport supports write_eof(), False if not."""
+        return False
+
+    def abort(self):
+        """Close the transport immediately.
+
+        Buffered data will be lost.  No more data will be received.
+        The protocol's connection_lost() method will (eventually) be
+        called with None as its argument.
+        """
+        self._force_close(None)
+
+    def _force_close(self, exc):
+        self._closed = True
+        self._ssl_protocol._abort(exc)
+
+    def _test__append_write_backlog(self, data):
+        # for test only
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_backlog.append(data)
+        self._ssl_protocol._write_buffer_size += len(data)
+
+
+cdef class SSLProtocol:
+    """SSL protocol.
+
+    Implementation of SSL on top of a socket using incoming and outgoing
+    buffers which are ssl.MemoryBIO objects.
+    """
+
+    def __cinit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._ssl_buffer_len = SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE
+        self._ssl_buffer = <char*>PyMem_RawMalloc(self._ssl_buffer_len)
+        if not self._ssl_buffer:
+            raise MemoryError()
+        self._ssl_buffer_view = PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+            self._ssl_buffer, self._ssl_buffer_len, PyBUF_WRITE)
+
+    def __dealloc__(self):
+        self._ssl_buffer_view = None
+        PyMem_RawFree(self._ssl_buffer)
+        self._ssl_buffer = NULL
+        self._ssl_buffer_len = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, loop, app_protocol, sslcontext, waiter,
+                 server_side=False, server_hostname=None,
+                 call_connection_made=True,
+                 ssl_handshake_timeout=None,
+                 ssl_shutdown_timeout=None):
+        if ssl_handshake_timeout is None:
+            ssl_handshake_timeout = SSL_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT
+        elif ssl_handshake_timeout <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"ssl_handshake_timeout should be a positive number, "
+                f"got {ssl_handshake_timeout}")
+        if ssl_shutdown_timeout is None:
+            ssl_shutdown_timeout = SSL_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT
+        elif ssl_shutdown_timeout <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"ssl_shutdown_timeout should be a positive number, "
+                f"got {ssl_shutdown_timeout}")
+
+        if not sslcontext:
+            sslcontext = _create_transport_context(
+                server_side, server_hostname)
+
+        self._server_side = server_side
+        if server_hostname and not server_side:
+            self._server_hostname = server_hostname
+        else:
+            self._server_hostname = None
+        self._sslcontext = sslcontext
+        # SSL-specific extra info. More info are set when the handshake
+        # completes.
+        self._extra = dict(sslcontext=sslcontext)
+
+        # App data write buffering
+        self._write_backlog = col_deque()
+        self._write_buffer_size = 0
+
+        self._waiter = waiter
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._set_app_protocol(app_protocol)
+        self._app_transport = None
+        self._app_transport_created = False
+        # transport, ex: SelectorSocketTransport
+        self._transport = None
+        self._ssl_handshake_timeout = ssl_handshake_timeout
+        self._ssl_shutdown_timeout = ssl_shutdown_timeout
+        # SSL and state machine
+        self._sslobj = None
+        self._incoming = ssl_MemoryBIO()
+        self._incoming_write = self._incoming.write
+        self._outgoing = ssl_MemoryBIO()
+        self._outgoing_read = self._outgoing.read
+        self._state = UNWRAPPED
+        self._conn_lost = 0  # Set when connection_lost called
+        if call_connection_made:
+            self._app_state = STATE_INIT
+        else:
+            self._app_state = STATE_CON_MADE
+
+        # Flow Control
+
+        self._ssl_writing_paused = False
+
+        self._app_reading_paused = False
+
+        self._ssl_reading_paused = False
+        self._incoming_high_water = 0
+        self._incoming_low_water = 0
+        self._set_read_buffer_limits()
+
+        self._app_writing_paused = False
+        self._outgoing_high_water = 0
+        self._outgoing_low_water = 0
+        self._set_write_buffer_limits()
+
+    cdef _set_app_protocol(self, app_protocol):
+        self._app_protocol = app_protocol
+        if (hasattr(app_protocol, 'get_buffer') and
+                not isinstance(app_protocol, aio_Protocol)):
+            self._app_protocol_get_buffer = app_protocol.get_buffer
+            self._app_protocol_buffer_updated = app_protocol.buffer_updated
+            self._app_protocol_is_buffer = True
+        else:
+            self._app_protocol_is_buffer = False
+
+    cdef _wakeup_waiter(self, exc=None):
+        if self._waiter is None:
+            return
+        if not self._waiter.cancelled():
+            if exc is not None:
+                self._waiter.set_exception(exc)
+            else:
+                self._waiter.set_result(None)
+        self._waiter = None
+
+    def _get_app_transport(self, context=None):
+        if self._app_transport is None:
+            if self._app_transport_created:
+                raise RuntimeError('Creating _SSLProtocolTransport twice')
+            self._app_transport = _SSLProtocolTransport(self._loop, self,
+                                                        context)
+            self._app_transport_created = True
+        return self._app_transport
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport):
+        """Called when the low-level connection is made.
+
+        Start the SSL handshake.
+        """
+        self._transport = transport
+        self._start_handshake()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc):
+        """Called when the low-level connection is lost or closed.
+
+        The argument is an exception object or None (the latter
+        meaning a regular EOF is received or the connection was
+        aborted or closed).
+        """
+        self._write_backlog.clear()
+        self._outgoing_read()
+        self._conn_lost += 1
+
+        # Just mark the app transport as closed so that its __dealloc__
+        # doesn't complain.
+        if self._app_transport is not None:
+            self._app_transport._closed = True
+
+        if self._state != DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            if self._app_state == STATE_CON_MADE or \
+                    self._app_state == STATE_EOF:
+                self._app_state = STATE_CON_LOST
+                self._loop.call_soon(self._app_protocol.connection_lost, exc)
+        self._set_state(UNWRAPPED)
+        self._transport = None
+        self._app_transport = None
+        self._app_protocol = None
+        self._wakeup_waiter(exc)
+
+        if self._shutdown_timeout_handle:
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle = None
+        if self._handshake_timeout_handle:
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle = None
+
+    def get_buffer(self, n):
+        cdef size_t want = n
+        if want > SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE:
+            want = SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE
+        if self._ssl_buffer_len < want:
+            self._ssl_buffer = <char*>PyMem_RawRealloc(self._ssl_buffer, want)
+            if not self._ssl_buffer:
+                raise MemoryError()
+            self._ssl_buffer_len = want
+            self._ssl_buffer_view = PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+                self._ssl_buffer, want, PyBUF_WRITE)
+        return self._ssl_buffer_view
+
+    def buffer_updated(self, nbytes):
+        self._incoming_write(PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+            self._ssl_buffer, nbytes, PyBUF_WRITE))
+
+        if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            self._do_handshake()
+
+        elif self._state == WRAPPED:
+            self._do_read()
+
+        elif self._state == FLUSHING:
+            self._do_flush()
+
+        elif self._state == SHUTDOWN:
+            self._do_shutdown()
+
+    def eof_received(self):
+        """Called when the other end of the low-level stream
+        is half-closed.
+
+        If this returns a false value (including None), the transport
+        will close itself.  If it returns a true value, closing the
+        transport is up to the protocol.
+        """
+        try:
+            if self._loop.get_debug():
+                aio_logger.debug("%r received EOF", self)
+
+            if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+                self._on_handshake_complete(ConnectionResetError)
+
+            elif self._state == WRAPPED or self._state == FLUSHING:
+                # We treat a low-level EOF as a critical situation similar to a
+                # broken connection - just send whatever is in the buffer and
+                # close. No application level eof_received() is called -
+                # because we don't want the user to think that this is a
+                # graceful shutdown triggered by SSL "close_notify".
+                self._set_state(SHUTDOWN)
+                self._on_shutdown_complete(None)
+
+            elif self._state == SHUTDOWN:
+                self._on_shutdown_complete(None)
+
+        except Exception:
+            self._transport.close()
+            raise
+
+    cdef _get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        if name == 'uvloop.sslproto':
+            return self
+        elif name in self._extra:
+            return self._extra[name]
+        elif self._transport is not None:
+            return self._transport.get_extra_info(name, default)
+        else:
+            return default
+
+    cdef _set_state(self, SSLProtocolState new_state):
+        cdef bint allowed = False
+
+        if new_state == UNWRAPPED:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == UNWRAPPED and new_state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE and new_state == WRAPPED:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == WRAPPED and new_state == FLUSHING:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == WRAPPED and new_state == SHUTDOWN:
+            allowed = True
+
+        elif self._state == FLUSHING and new_state == SHUTDOWN:
+            allowed = True
+
+        if allowed:
+            self._state = new_state
+
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                'cannot switch state from {} to {}'.format(
+                    self._state, new_state))
+
+    # Handshake flow
+
+    cdef _start_handshake(self):
+        if self._loop.get_debug():
+            aio_logger.debug("%r starts SSL handshake", self)
+            self._handshake_start_time = self._loop.time()
+        else:
+            self._handshake_start_time = None
+
+        self._set_state(DO_HANDSHAKE)
+
+        # start handshake timeout count down
+        self._handshake_timeout_handle = \
+            self._loop.call_later(self._ssl_handshake_timeout,
+                                  lambda: self._check_handshake_timeout())
+
+        try:
+            self._sslobj = self._sslcontext.wrap_bio(
+                self._incoming, self._outgoing,
+                server_side=self._server_side,
+                server_hostname=self._server_hostname)
+            self._sslobj_read = self._sslobj.read
+            self._sslobj_write = self._sslobj.write
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._on_handshake_complete(ex)
+        else:
+            self._do_handshake()
+
+    cdef _check_handshake_timeout(self):
+        if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            msg = (
+                f"SSL handshake is taking longer than "
+                f"{self._ssl_handshake_timeout} seconds: "
+                f"aborting the connection"
+            )
+            self._fatal_error(ConnectionAbortedError(msg))
+
+    cdef _do_handshake(self):
+        try:
+            self._sslobj.do_handshake()
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            self._process_outgoing()
+        except ssl_SSLError as exc:
+            self._on_handshake_complete(exc)
+        else:
+            self._on_handshake_complete(None)
+
+    cdef _on_handshake_complete(self, handshake_exc):
+        if self._handshake_timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._handshake_timeout_handle = None
+
+        sslobj = self._sslobj
+        try:
+            if handshake_exc is None:
+                self._set_state(WRAPPED)
+            else:
+                raise handshake_exc
+
+            peercert = sslobj.getpeercert()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self._set_state(UNWRAPPED)
+            if isinstance(exc, ssl_CertificateError):
+                msg = 'SSL handshake failed on verifying the certificate'
+            else:
+                msg = 'SSL handshake failed'
+            self._fatal_error(exc, msg)
+            self._wakeup_waiter(exc)
+            return
+
+        if self._loop.get_debug():
+            dt = self._loop.time() - self._handshake_start_time
+            aio_logger.debug("%r: SSL handshake took %.1f ms", self, dt * 1e3)
+
+        # Add extra info that becomes available after handshake.
+        self._extra.update(peercert=peercert,
+                           cipher=sslobj.cipher(),
+                           compression=sslobj.compression(),
+                           ssl_object=sslobj)
+        if self._app_state == STATE_INIT:
+            self._app_state = STATE_CON_MADE
+            self._app_protocol.connection_made(self._get_app_transport())
+        self._wakeup_waiter()
+
+        # We should wakeup user code before sending the first data below. In
+        # case of `start_tls()`, the user can only get the SSLTransport in the
+        # wakeup callback, because `connection_made()` is not called again.
+        # We should schedule the first data later than the wakeup callback so
+        # that the user get a chance to e.g. check ALPN with the transport
+        # before having to handle the first data.
+        self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+            new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                             "SSLProtocol._do_read",
+                             <method_t> self._do_read,
+                             None,  # current context is good
+                             self))
+
+    # Shutdown flow
+
+    cdef _start_shutdown(self, object context=None):
+        if self._state in (FLUSHING, SHUTDOWN, UNWRAPPED):
+            return
+        # we don't need the context for _abort or the timeout, because
+        # TCP transport._force_close() should be able to call
+        # connection_lost() in the right context
+        if self._app_transport is not None:
+            self._app_transport._closed = True
+        if self._state == DO_HANDSHAKE:
+            self._abort(None)
+        else:
+            self._set_state(FLUSHING)
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle = \
+                self._loop.call_later(self._ssl_shutdown_timeout,
+                                      lambda: self._check_shutdown_timeout())
+            self._do_flush(context)
+
+    cdef _check_shutdown_timeout(self):
+        if self._state in (FLUSHING, SHUTDOWN):
+            self._transport._force_close(
+                aio_TimeoutError('SSL shutdown timed out'))
+
+    cdef _do_read_into_void(self, object context):
+        """Consume and discard incoming application data.
+
+        If close_notify is received for the first time, call eof_received.
+        """
+        cdef:
+            bint close_notify = False
+        try:
+            while True:
+                if not self._sslobj_read(SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE):
+                    close_notify = True
+                    break
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+        except ssl_SSLZeroReturnError:
+            close_notify = True
+        if close_notify:
+            self._call_eof_received(context)
+
+    cdef _do_flush(self, object context=None):
+        """Flush the write backlog, discarding new data received.
+
+        We don't send close_notify in FLUSHING because we still want to send
+        the remaining data over SSL, even if we received a close_notify. Also,
+        no application-level resume_writing() or pause_writing() will be called
+        in FLUSHING, as we could fully manage the flow control internally.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._do_read_into_void(context)
+            self._do_write()
+            self._process_outgoing()
+            self._control_ssl_reading()
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._on_shutdown_complete(ex)
+        else:
+            if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+                self._set_state(SHUTDOWN)
+                self._do_shutdown(context)
+
+    cdef _do_shutdown(self, object context=None):
+        """Send close_notify and wait for the same from the peer."""
+        try:
+            # we must skip all application data (if any) before unwrap
+            self._do_read_into_void(context)
+            try:
+                self._sslobj.unwrap()
+            except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+                self._process_outgoing()
+            else:
+                self._process_outgoing()
+                if not self._get_write_buffer_size():
+                    self._on_shutdown_complete(None)
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._on_shutdown_complete(ex)
+
+    cdef _on_shutdown_complete(self, shutdown_exc):
+        if self._shutdown_timeout_handle is not None:
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle.cancel()
+            self._shutdown_timeout_handle = None
+
+        # we don't need the context here because TCP transport.close() should
+        # be able to call connection_made() in the right context
+        if shutdown_exc:
+            self._fatal_error(shutdown_exc, 'Error occurred during shutdown')
+        else:
+            self._transport.close()
+
+    cdef _abort(self, exc):
+        self._set_state(UNWRAPPED)
+        if self._transport is not None:
+            self._transport._force_close(exc)
+
+    # Outgoing flow
+
+    cdef _write_appdata(self, list_of_data, object context):
+        if self._state in (FLUSHING, SHUTDOWN, UNWRAPPED):
+            if self._conn_lost >= LOG_THRESHOLD_FOR_CONNLOST_WRITES:
+                aio_logger.warning('SSL connection is closed')
+            self._conn_lost += 1
+            return
+
+        for data in list_of_data:
+            self._write_backlog.append(data)
+            self._write_buffer_size += len(data)
+
+        try:
+            if self._state == WRAPPED:
+                self._do_write()
+                self._process_outgoing()
+                self._control_app_writing(context)
+
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._fatal_error(ex, 'Fatal error on SSL protocol')
+
+    cdef _do_write(self):
+        """Do SSL write, consumes write backlog and fills outgoing BIO."""
+        cdef size_t data_len, count
+        try:
+            while self._write_backlog:
+                data = self._write_backlog[0]
+                count = self._sslobj_write(data)
+                data_len = len(data)
+                if count < data_len:
+                    if not PyMemoryView_Check(data):
+                        data = PyMemoryView_FromObject(data)
+                    self._write_backlog[0] = data[count:]
+                    self._write_buffer_size -= count
+                else:
+                    del self._write_backlog[0]
+                    self._write_buffer_size -= data_len
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+
+    cdef _process_outgoing(self):
+        """Send bytes from the outgoing BIO."""
+        if not self._ssl_writing_paused:
+            data = self._outgoing_read()
+            if len(data):
+                self._transport.write(data)
+
+    # Incoming flow
+
+    cdef _do_read(self):
+        if self._state != WRAPPED:
+            return
+        try:
+            if not self._app_reading_paused:
+                if self._app_protocol_is_buffer:
+                    self._do_read__buffered()
+                else:
+                    self._do_read__copied()
+                if self._write_backlog:
+                    self._do_write()
+                self._process_outgoing()
+                self._control_app_writing()
+            self._control_ssl_reading()
+        except Exception as ex:
+            self._fatal_error(ex, 'Fatal error on SSL protocol')
+
+    cdef _do_read__buffered(self):
+        cdef:
+            Py_buffer pybuf
+            bint pybuf_inited = False
+            size_t wants, offset = 0
+            int count = 1
+            object buf
+
+        buf = self._app_protocol_get_buffer(self._get_read_buffer_size())
+        wants = len(buf)
+
+        try:
+            count = self._sslobj_read(wants, buf)
+
+            if count > 0:
+                offset = count
+                if offset < wants:
+                    PyObject_GetBuffer(buf, &pybuf, PyBUF_WRITABLE)
+                    pybuf_inited = True
+                while offset < wants:
+                    buf = PyMemoryView_FromMemory(
+                        (<char*>pybuf.buf) + offset,
+                        wants - offset,
+                        PyBUF_WRITE)
+                    count = self._sslobj_read(wants - offset, buf)
+                    if count > 0:
+                        offset += count
+                    else:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+                        new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                                         "SSLProtocol._do_read",
+                                         <method_t>self._do_read,
+                                         None,  # current context is good
+                                         self))
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+        finally:
+            if pybuf_inited:
+                PyBuffer_Release(&pybuf)
+        if offset > 0:
+            self._app_protocol_buffer_updated(offset)
+        if not count:
+            # close_notify
+            self._call_eof_received()
+            self._start_shutdown()
+
+    cdef _do_read__copied(self):
+        cdef:
+            list data
+            bytes first, chunk = b'1'
+            bint zero = True, one = False
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                chunk = self._sslobj_read(SSL_READ_MAX_SIZE)
+                if not chunk:
+                    break
+                if zero:
+                    zero = False
+                    one = True
+                    first = chunk
+                elif one:
+                    one = False
+                    data = [first, chunk]
+                else:
+                    data.append(chunk)
+        except ssl_SSLAgainErrors as exc:
+            pass
+        if one:
+            self._app_protocol.data_received(first)
+        elif not zero:
+            self._app_protocol.data_received(b''.join(data))
+        if not chunk:
+            # close_notify
+            self._call_eof_received()
+            self._start_shutdown()
+
+    cdef _call_eof_received(self, object context=None):
+        if self._app_state == STATE_CON_MADE:
+            self._app_state = STATE_EOF
+            try:
+                if context is None:
+                    # If the caller didn't provide a context, we assume the
+                    # caller is already in the right context, which is usually
+                    # inside the upstream callbacks like buffer_updated()
+                    keep_open = self._app_protocol.eof_received()
+                else:
+                    keep_open = run_in_context(
+                        context, self._app_protocol.eof_received,
+                    )
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as ex:
+                self._fatal_error(ex, 'Error calling eof_received()')
+            else:
+                if keep_open:
+                    aio_logger.warning('returning true from eof_received() '
+                                       'has no effect when using ssl')
+
+    # Flow control for writes from APP socket
+
+    cdef _control_app_writing(self, object context=None):
+        cdef size_t size = self._get_write_buffer_size()
+        if size >= self._outgoing_high_water and not self._app_writing_paused:
+            self._app_writing_paused = True
+            try:
+                if context is None:
+                    # If the caller didn't provide a context, we assume the
+                    # caller is already in the right context, which is usually
+                    # inside the upstream callbacks like buffer_updated()
+                    self._app_protocol.pause_writing()
+                else:
+                    run_in_context(context, self._app_protocol.pause_writing)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.pause_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self._app_transport,
+                    'protocol': self,
+                })
+        elif size <= self._outgoing_low_water and self._app_writing_paused:
+            self._app_writing_paused = False
+            try:
+                if context is None:
+                    # If the caller didn't provide a context, we assume the
+                    # caller is already in the right context, which is usually
+                    # inside the upstream callbacks like resume_writing()
+                    self._app_protocol.resume_writing()
+                else:
+                    run_in_context(context, self._app_protocol.resume_writing)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                raise
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'protocol.resume_writing() failed',
+                    'exception': exc,
+                    'transport': self._app_transport,
+                    'protocol': self,
+                })
+
+    cdef size_t _get_write_buffer_size(self):
+        return self._outgoing.pending + self._write_buffer_size
+
+    cdef _set_write_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        high, low = add_flowcontrol_defaults(
+            high, low, FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_WRITE)
+        self._outgoing_high_water = high
+        self._outgoing_low_water = low
+
+    # Flow control for reads to APP socket
+
+    cdef _pause_reading(self):
+        self._app_reading_paused = True
+
+    cdef _resume_reading(self, object context):
+        if self._app_reading_paused:
+            self._app_reading_paused = False
+            if self._state == WRAPPED:
+                self._loop._call_soon_handle(
+                    new_MethodHandle(self._loop,
+                                     "SSLProtocol._do_read",
+                                     <method_t>self._do_read,
+                                     context,
+                                     self))
+
+    # Flow control for reads from SSL socket
+
+    cdef _control_ssl_reading(self):
+        cdef size_t size = self._get_read_buffer_size()
+        if size >= self._incoming_high_water and not self._ssl_reading_paused:
+            self._ssl_reading_paused = True
+            self._transport.pause_reading()
+        elif size <= self._incoming_low_water and self._ssl_reading_paused:
+            self._ssl_reading_paused = False
+            self._transport.resume_reading()
+
+    cdef _set_read_buffer_limits(self, high=None, low=None):
+        high, low = add_flowcontrol_defaults(
+            high, low, FLOW_CONTROL_HIGH_WATER_SSL_READ)
+        self._incoming_high_water = high
+        self._incoming_low_water = low
+
+    cdef size_t _get_read_buffer_size(self):
+        return self._incoming.pending
+
+    # Flow control for writes to SSL socket
+
+    def pause_writing(self):
+        """Called when the low-level transport's buffer goes over
+        the high-water mark.
+        """
+        assert not self._ssl_writing_paused
+        self._ssl_writing_paused = True
+
+    def resume_writing(self):
+        """Called when the low-level transport's buffer drains below
+        the low-water mark.
+        """
+        assert self._ssl_writing_paused
+        self._ssl_writing_paused = False
+
+        if self._state == WRAPPED:
+            self._process_outgoing()
+            self._control_app_writing()
+
+        elif self._state == FLUSHING:
+            self._do_flush()
+
+        elif self._state == SHUTDOWN:
+            self._do_shutdown()
+
+    cdef _fatal_error(self, exc, message='Fatal error on transport'):
+        if self._app_transport:
+            self._app_transport._force_close(exc)
+        elif self._transport:
+            self._transport._force_close(exc)
+
+        if isinstance(exc, OSError):
+            if self._loop.get_debug():
+                aio_logger.debug("%r: %s", self, message, exc_info=True)
+        elif not isinstance(exc, aio_CancelledError):
+            self._loop.call_exception_handler({
+                'message': message,
+                'exception': exc,
+                'transport': self._transport,
+                'protocol': self,
+            })
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d8b3d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: watchfiles
+Version: 1.2.0
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Console
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS
+Classifier: Environment :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Filesystems
+Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
+Requires-Dist: anyio>=3.0.0
+License-File: LICENSE
+Summary: Simple, modern and high performance file watching and code reload in python.
+Home-Page: https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles
+Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>
+License: MIT
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown; charset=UTF-8; variant=GFM
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/releases
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io
+Project-URL: Funding, https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles
+Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles
+
+# watchfiles
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/actions/workflows/ci.yml?query=branch%3Amain)
+[![Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/samuelcolvin/watchfiles)
+[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/watchfiles.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/watchfiles)
+[![CondaForge](https://img.shields.io/conda/v/conda-forge/watchfiles.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/watchfiles)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/samuelcolvin/watchfiles.svg)](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/blob/main/LICENSE)
+
+Simple, modern and high performance file watching and code reload in python.
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [watchfiles.helpmanual.io](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io)
+
+**Source Code**: [github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles)
+
+---
+
+Underlying file system notifications are handled by the [Notify](https://github.com/notify-rs/notify) rust library.
+
+This package was previously named "watchgod",
+see [the migration guide](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/migrating/) for more information.
+
+## Installation
+
+**watchfiles** requires Python 3.10 - 3.15.
+
+```bash
+pip install watchfiles
+```
+
+Binaries are available for most architectures on Linux, MacOS and Windows ([learn more](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/#installation)).
+
+Otherwise, you can install from source which requires Rust stable to be installed.
+
+## Usage
+
+Here are some examples of what **watchfiles** can do:
+
+### `watch` Usage
+
+```py
+from watchfiles import watch
+
+for changes in watch('./path/to/dir'):
+    print(changes)
+```
+See [`watch` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/watch/#watchfiles.watch) for more details.
+
+### `awatch` Usage
+
+```py
+import asyncio
+from watchfiles import awatch
+
+async def main():
+    async for changes in awatch('/path/to/dir'):
+        print(changes)
+
+asyncio.run(main())
+```
+See [`awatch` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/watch/#watchfiles.awatch) for more details.
+
+### `run_process` Usage
+
+```py
+from watchfiles import run_process
+
+def foobar(a, b, c):
+    ...
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    run_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2, 3))
+```
+See [`run_process` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/run_process/#watchfiles.run_process) for more details.
+
+### `arun_process` Usage
+
+```py
+import asyncio
+from watchfiles import arun_process
+
+def foobar(a, b, c):
+    ...
+
+async def main():
+    await arun_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2, 3))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    asyncio.run(main())
+```
+See [`arun_process` docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/run_process/#watchfiles.arun_process) for more details.
+
+## CLI
+
+**watchfiles** also comes with a CLI for running and reloading code. To run `some command` when files in `src` change:
+
+```
+watchfiles "some command" src
+```
+
+For more information, see [the CLI docs](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/cli/).
+
+Or run
+
+```bash
+watchfiles --help
+```
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbbe0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+../../../bin/watchfiles,sha256=cTWkS8hD2a0zBV4CDkw47Mlhr1-OvUzFkWu5hLsuhaE,260
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/INSTALLER,sha256=zuuue4knoyJ-UwPPXg8fezS7VCrXJQrAP7zeNuwvFQg,4
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=LJLAv-vfZ0NgP258TalaU85NV18Azt46ogMqjVzj2hc,4877
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/RECORD,,
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=8c5jjBY8eiCct4gKCf8BSsE98ZeDfqW7QPs6qVAxcQQ,147
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt,sha256=s1Dpa2d_KKBy-jKREWW60Z3GoRZ3JpCEo_9iYDt6hOQ,48
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE,sha256=T9eDVbZ84md-3p-29jolDzd7t-IgiBNqX0aZrbS8Bp8,1091
+watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json,sha256=Ur-mth38qzRck06Yx0xYUFKNsSPWmEbGpRYalJj0Dbc,33192
+watchfiles/__init__.py,sha256=IRlM9KOSedMzF1fvLr7yEHPVS-UFERNThlB-tmWI8yU,364
+watchfiles/__main__.py,sha256=JgErYkiskih8Y6oRwowALtR-rwQhAAdqOYWjQraRIPI,59
+watchfiles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/cli.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/filters.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/main.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/run.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc,,
+watchfiles/_rust_notify.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so,sha256=KrlImTnHauw39YQvsmzq-rkS7-Iv8u41n4Z2z4gKj3Q,1100624
+watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi,sha256=q5FQkXgBJEFPt9RCf7my4wP5RM1FwSVpqf221csyebg,4753
+watchfiles/cli.py,sha256=IODctc3cBwv0NjtrctwN1xL9ThMCdJoM0-TskC-wvUQ,7696
+watchfiles/filters.py,sha256=bSK9sP7_AJ-e1xqU_yHULaiNPpYYj-UJT4Gh0u_OQ1g,5119
+watchfiles/main.py,sha256=UgtztGehPcMfLCHYbQ2mgRJlTWEVEbPegtGFNLQ8M5s,15165
+watchfiles/py.typed,sha256=MS4Na3to9VTGPy_8wBQM_6mNKaX4qIpi5-w7_LZB-8I,69
+watchfiles/run.py,sha256=7P42FUCGr4X_lfJQ0iI5jFV8EbtKIxEuRXGx2D-NTd0,15244
+watchfiles/version.py,sha256=NRWUnkZ32DamsNKV20EetagIGTLDMMUnqDWVGFFA2WQ,85
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b6931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: maturin (1.13.3)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5164296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+watchfiles=watchfiles.cli:cli
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd9b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 to present Samuel Colvin
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dd3324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles-1.2.0.dist-info/sboms/watchfiles_rust_notify.cyclonedx.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1083 @@
+{
+  "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
+  "specVersion": "1.5",
+  "version": 1,
+  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:90f5d194-0070-4dcd-930b-1eb9f2a7bf5b",
+  "metadata": {
+    "timestamp": "2026-05-18T04:25:06.263627260Z",
+    "tools": [
+      {
+        "vendor": "CycloneDX",
+        "name": "cargo-cyclonedx",
+        "version": "0.5.9"
+      }
+    ],
+    "component": {
+      "type": "library",
+      "bom-ref": "path+file:///home/runner/work/watchfiles/watchfiles#watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0",
+      "name": "watchfiles_rust_notify",
+      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "scope": "required",
+      "licenses": [
+        {
+          "expression": "MIT"
+        }
+      ],
+      "purl": "pkg:cargo/watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0?download_url=file://.",
+      "externalReferences": [
+        {
+          "type": "website",
+          "url": "https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "vcs",
+          "url": "https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/watchfiles.git"
+        }
+      ],
+      "components": [
+        {
+          "type": "library",
+          "bom-ref": "path+file:///home/runner/work/watchfiles/watchfiles#watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0 bin-target-0",
+          "name": "_rust_notify",
+          "version": "1.2.0",
+          "purl": "pkg:cargo/watchfiles_rust_notify@1.2.0?download_url=file://.#src/lib.rs"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "properties": [
+      {
+        "name": "cdx:rustc:sbom:target:all_targets",
+        "value": "true"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "components": [
+    {
+      "type": "library",
+      "bom-ref": "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index#bitflags@2.7.0",
+      "author": "The Rust Project Developers",
+      "name": "bitflags",
+      "version": "2.7.0",
+      "description": "A macro to generate structures which behave like bitflags. ",
+      "scope": "required",
+      "hashes": [
+        {
+          "alg": "SHA-256",
+          "content": "1be3f42a67d6d345ecd59f675f3f012d6974981560836e938c22b424b85ce1be"
+        }
+      ],
+      "licenses": [
+        {
+          "expression": "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+        }
+      ],
+      "purl": "pkg:cargo/bitflags@2.7.0",
+      "externalReferences": [
+        {
+          "type": "documentation",
+          "url": "https://docs.rs/bitflags"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "website",
+          "url": "https://github.com/bitflags/bitflags"
+        },
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+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..877fbd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from .filters import BaseFilter, DefaultFilter, PythonFilter
+from .main import Change, awatch, watch
+from .run import arun_process, run_process
+from .version import VERSION
+
+__version__ = VERSION
+__all__ = (
+    'watch',
+    'awatch',
+    'run_process',
+    'arun_process',
+    'Change',
+    'BaseFilter',
+    'DefaultFilter',
+    'PythonFilter',
+    'VERSION',
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d396c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .cli import cli
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    cli()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-312.pyc
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d23f7
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/run.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/run.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df5093c
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/__pycache__/version.cpython-312.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f478461
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a91c9f8
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e08cfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/_rust_notify.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol
+
+__all__ = 'RustNotify', 'WatchfilesRustInternalError'
+
+__version__: str
+"""The package version as defined in `Cargo.toml`, modified to match python's versioning semantics."""
+
+class AbstractEvent(Protocol):
+    def is_set(self) -> bool: ...
+
+class RustNotify:
+    """
+    Interface to the Rust [notify](https://crates.io/crates/notify) crate which does
+    the heavy lifting of watching for file changes and grouping them into events.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        watch_paths: list[str],
+        debug: bool,
+        force_polling: bool,
+        poll_delay_ms: int,
+        recursive: bool,
+        ignore_permission_denied: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a new `RustNotify` instance and start a thread to watch for changes.
+
+        `FileNotFoundError` is raised if any of the paths do not exist.
+
+        Args:
+            watch_paths: file system paths to watch for changes, can be directories or files
+            debug: if true, print details about all events to stderr
+            force_polling: if true, always use polling instead of file system notifications
+            poll_delay_ms: delay between polling for changes, only used if `force_polling=True`
+            recursive: if `True`, watch for changes in sub-directories recursively, otherwise watch only for changes in
+                the top-level directory, default is `True`.
+            ignore_permission_denied: if `True`, permission denied errors are ignored while watching changes.
+        """
+    def watch(
+        self,
+        debounce_ms: int,
+        step_ms: int,
+        timeout_ms: int,
+        stop_event: AbstractEvent | None,
+    ) -> set[tuple[int, str]] | Literal['signal', 'stop', 'timeout']:
+        """
+        Watch for changes.
+
+        This method will wait `timeout_ms` milliseconds for changes, but once a change is detected,
+        it will group changes and return in no more than `debounce_ms` milliseconds.
+
+        The GIL is released during a `step_ms` sleep on each iteration to avoid
+        blocking python.
+
+        Args:
+            debounce_ms: maximum time in milliseconds to group changes over before returning.
+            step_ms: time to wait for new changes in milliseconds, if no changes are detected
+                in this time, and at least one change has been detected, the changes are yielded.
+            timeout_ms: maximum time in milliseconds to wait for changes before returning,
+                `0` means wait indefinitely, `debounce_ms` takes precedence over `timeout_ms` once
+                a change is detected.
+            stop_event: event to check on every iteration to see if this function should return early.
+                The event should be an object which has an `is_set()` method which returns a boolean.
+
+        Returns:
+            See below.
+
+        Return values have the following meanings:
+
+        * Change details as a `set` of `(event_type, path)` tuples, the event types are ints which match
+          [`Change`][watchfiles.Change], `path` is a string representing the path of the file that changed
+        * `'signal'` string, if a signal was received
+        * `'stop'` string, if the `stop_event` was set
+        * `'timeout'` string, if `timeout_ms` was exceeded
+        """
+    def __enter__(self) -> RustNotify:
+        """
+        Does nothing, but allows `RustNotify` to be used as a context manager.
+
+        !!! note
+
+            The watching thead is created when an instance is initiated, not on `__enter__`.
+        """
+    def __exit__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Calls [`close`][watchfiles._rust_notify.RustNotify.close].
+        """
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Stops the watching thread. After `close` is called, the `RustNotify` instance can no
+        longer be used, calls to [`watch`][watchfiles._rust_notify.RustNotify.watch] will raise a `RuntimeError`.
+
+        !!! note
+
+            `close` is not required, just deleting the `RustNotify` instance will kill the thread
+            implicitly.
+
+            As per [#163](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/163) `close()` is only required because
+            in the event of an error, the traceback in `sys.exc_info` keeps a reference to `watchfiles.watch`'s
+            frame, so you can't rely on the `RustNotify` object being deleted, and thereby stopping
+            the watching thread.
+        """
+
+class WatchfilesRustInternalError(RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised when RustNotify encounters an unknown error.
+
+    If you get this a lot, please check [github](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues) issues
+    and create a new issue if your problem is not discussed.
+    """
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a868d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from . import Change
+from .filters import BaseFilter, DefaultFilter, PythonFilter
+from .run import detect_target_type, import_string, run_process
+from .version import VERSION
+
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.cli')
+
+
+def resolve_path(path_str: str) -> Path:
+    path = Path(path_str)
+    if not path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+    else:
+        return path.resolve()
+
+
+def cli(*args_: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Watch one or more directories and execute either a shell command or a python function on file changes.
+
+    Example of watching the current directory and calling a python function:
+
+        watchfiles foobar.main
+
+    Example of watching python files in two local directories and calling a shell command:
+
+        watchfiles --filter python 'pytest --lf' src tests
+
+    See https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/cli/ for more information.
+    """
+    args = args_ or sys.argv[1:]
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog='watchfiles',
+        description=dedent((cli.__doc__ or '').strip('\n')),
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('target', help='Command or dotted function path to run')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'paths', nargs='*', default='.', help='Filesystem paths to watch, defaults to current directory'
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--ignore-paths',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        help=(
+            'Specify directories to ignore, '
+            'to ignore multiple paths use a comma as separator, e.g. "env" or "env,node_modules"'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--target-type',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        default='auto',
+        choices=['command', 'function', 'auto'],
+        help=(
+            'Whether the target should be intercepted as a shell command or a python function, '
+            'defaults to "auto" which infers the target type from the target string'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--filter',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        default='default',
+        help=(
+            'Which files to watch, defaults to "default" which uses the "DefaultFilter", '
+            '"python" uses the "PythonFilter", "all" uses no filter, '
+            'any other value is interpreted as a python function/class path which is imported'
+        ),
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--args',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        help='Arguments to set on sys.argv before calling target function, used only if the target is a function',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('--verbose', action='store_true', help='Set log level to "debug", wins over `--verbosity`')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--non-recursive', action='store_true', help='Do not watch for changes in sub-directories recursively'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--verbosity',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=str,
+        default='info',
+        choices=['warning', 'info', 'debug'],
+        help='Log level, defaults to "info"',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--sigint-timeout',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=int,
+        default=5,
+        help='How long to wait for the sigint timeout before sending sigkill.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--grace-period',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=float,
+        default=0,
+        help='Number of seconds after the process is started before watching for changes.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--sigkill-timeout',
+        nargs='?',
+        type=int,
+        default=1,
+        help='How long to wait for the sigkill timeout before issuing a timeout exception.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--ignore-permission-denied',
+        action='store_true',
+        help='Ignore permission denied errors while watching files and directories.',
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('--version', '-V', action='version', version=f'%(prog)s v{VERSION}')
+    arg_namespace = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if arg_namespace.verbose:
+        log_level = logging.DEBUG
+    else:
+        log_level = getattr(logging, arg_namespace.verbosity.upper())
+
+    hdlr = logging.StreamHandler()
+    hdlr.setLevel(log_level)
+    hdlr.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(fmt='[%(asctime)s] %(message)s', datefmt='%H:%M:%S'))
+    wg_logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles')
+    wg_logger.addHandler(hdlr)
+    wg_logger.setLevel(log_level)
+
+    if arg_namespace.target_type == 'auto':
+        target_type = detect_target_type(arg_namespace.target)
+    else:
+        target_type = arg_namespace.target_type
+
+    if target_type == 'function':
+        logger.debug('target_type=function, attempting import of "%s"', arg_namespace.target)
+        import_exit(arg_namespace.target)
+        if arg_namespace.args:
+            sys.argv = [arg_namespace.target] + shlex.split(arg_namespace.args)
+    elif arg_namespace.args:
+        logger.warning('--args is only used when the target is a function')
+
+    try:
+        paths = [resolve_path(p) for p in arg_namespace.paths]
+    except FileNotFoundError as e:
+        print(f'path "{e}" does not exist', file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    watch_filter, watch_filter_str = build_filter(arg_namespace.filter, arg_namespace.ignore_paths)
+
+    logger.info(
+        'watchfiles v%s 👀  path=%s target="%s" (%s) filter=%s...',
+        VERSION,
+        ', '.join(f'"{p}"' for p in paths),
+        arg_namespace.target,
+        target_type,
+        watch_filter_str,
+    )
+
+    run_process(
+        *paths,
+        target=arg_namespace.target,
+        target_type=target_type,
+        watch_filter=watch_filter,
+        debug=log_level == logging.DEBUG,
+        sigint_timeout=arg_namespace.sigint_timeout,
+        sigkill_timeout=arg_namespace.sigkill_timeout,
+        recursive=not arg_namespace.non_recursive,
+        ignore_permission_denied=arg_namespace.ignore_permission_denied,
+        grace_period=arg_namespace.grace_period,
+    )
+
+
+def import_exit(function_path: str) -> Any:
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    if cwd not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.append(cwd)
+
+    try:
+        return import_string(function_path)
+    except ImportError as e:
+        print(f'ImportError: {e}', file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def build_filter(
+    filter_name: str, ignore_paths_str: str | None
+) -> tuple[None | DefaultFilter | Callable[[Change, str], bool], str]:
+    ignore_paths: list[Path] = []
+    if ignore_paths_str:
+        ignore_paths = [Path(p).resolve() for p in ignore_paths_str.split(',')]
+
+    if filter_name == 'default':
+        return DefaultFilter(ignore_paths=ignore_paths), 'DefaultFilter'
+    elif filter_name == 'python':
+        return PythonFilter(ignore_paths=ignore_paths), 'PythonFilter'
+    elif filter_name == 'all':
+        if ignore_paths:
+            logger.warning('"--ignore-paths" argument ignored as "all" filter was selected')
+        return None, '(no filter)'
+
+    watch_filter_cls = import_exit(filter_name)
+    if isinstance(watch_filter_cls, type) and issubclass(watch_filter_cls, DefaultFilter):
+        return watch_filter_cls(ignore_paths=ignore_paths), watch_filter_cls.__name__
+
+    if ignore_paths:
+        logger.warning('"--ignore-paths" argument ignored as filter is not a subclass of DefaultFilter')
+
+    if isinstance(watch_filter_cls, type) and issubclass(watch_filter_cls, BaseFilter):
+        return watch_filter_cls(), watch_filter_cls.__name__
+    else:
+        watch_filter = cast(Callable[[Change, str], bool], watch_filter_cls)
+        return watch_filter, repr(watch_filter_cls)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/filters.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/filters.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0e5333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/filters.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+__all__ = 'BaseFilter', 'DefaultFilter', 'PythonFilter'
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.watcher')
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .main import Change
+
+
+class BaseFilter:
+    """
+    Useful base class for creating filters. `BaseFilter` should be inherited and configured, rather than used
+    directly.
+
+    The class supports ignoring files in 3 ways:
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = '_ignore_dirs', '_ignore_entity_regexes', '_ignore_paths'
+    ignore_dirs: Sequence[str] = ()
+    """Full names of directories to ignore, an obvious example would be `.git`."""
+    ignore_entity_patterns: Sequence[str] = ()
+    """
+    Patterns of files or directories to ignore, these are compiled into regexes.
+
+    "entity" here refers to the specific file or directory - basically the result of `path.split(os.sep)[-1]`,
+    an obvious example would be `r'\\.py[cod]$'`.
+    """
+    ignore_paths: Sequence[str | Path] = ()
+    """
+    Full paths to ignore, e.g. `/home/users/.cache` or `C:\\Users\\user\\.cache`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._ignore_dirs = set(self.ignore_dirs)
+        self._ignore_entity_regexes = tuple(re.compile(r) for r in self.ignore_entity_patterns)
+        self._ignore_paths = tuple(map(str, self.ignore_paths))
+
+    def __call__(self, change: 'Change', path: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Instances of `BaseFilter` subclasses can be used as callables.
+        Args:
+            change: The type of change that occurred, see [`Change`][watchfiles.Change].
+            path: the raw path of the file or directory that changed.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if the file should be included in changes, False if it should be ignored.
+        """
+        parts = path.lstrip(os.sep).split(os.sep)
+        if any(p in self._ignore_dirs for p in parts):
+            return False
+
+        entity_name = parts[-1]
+        if any(r.search(entity_name) for r in self._ignore_entity_regexes):
+            return False
+        elif self._ignore_paths and path.startswith(self._ignore_paths):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        args = ', '.join(f'{k}={getattr(self, k, None)!r}' for k in self.__slots__)
+        return f'{self.__class__.__name__}({args})'
+
+
+class DefaultFilter(BaseFilter):
+    """
+    The default filter, which ignores files and directories that you might commonly want to ignore.
+    """
+
+    ignore_dirs: Sequence[str] = (
+        '__pycache__',
+        '.git',
+        '.hg',
+        '.svn',
+        '.tox',
+        '.venv',
+        '.idea',
+        'node_modules',
+        '.mypy_cache',
+        '.pytest_cache',
+        '.hypothesis',
+    )
+    """Directory names to ignore."""
+
+    ignore_entity_patterns: Sequence[str] = (
+        r'\.py[cod]$',
+        r'\.___jb_...___$',
+        r'\.sw.$',
+        '~$',
+        r'^\.\#',
+        r'^\.DS_Store$',
+        r'^flycheck_',
+    )
+    """File/Directory name patterns to ignore."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ignore_dirs: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        ignore_entity_patterns: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        ignore_paths: Sequence[str | Path] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Args:
+            ignore_dirs: if not `None`, overrides the `ignore_dirs` value set on the class.
+            ignore_entity_patterns: if not `None`, overrides the `ignore_entity_patterns` value set on the class.
+            ignore_paths: if not `None`, overrides the `ignore_paths` value set on the class.
+        """
+        if ignore_dirs is not None:
+            self.ignore_dirs = ignore_dirs
+        if ignore_entity_patterns is not None:
+            self.ignore_entity_patterns = ignore_entity_patterns
+        if ignore_paths is not None:
+            self.ignore_paths = ignore_paths
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+
+class PythonFilter(DefaultFilter):
+    """
+    A filter for Python files, since this class inherits from [`DefaultFilter`][watchfiles.DefaultFilter]
+    it will ignore files and directories that you might commonly want to ignore as well as filtering out
+    all changes except in Python files (files with extensions `('.py', '.pyx', '.pyd')`).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        ignore_paths: Sequence[str | Path] | None = None,
+        extra_extensions: Sequence[str] = (),
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Args:
+            ignore_paths: The paths to ignore, see [`BaseFilter`][watchfiles.BaseFilter].
+            extra_extensions: extra extensions to ignore.
+
+        `ignore_paths` and `extra_extensions` can be passed as arguments partly to support [CLI](../cli.md) usage where
+        `--ignore-paths` and `--extensions` can be passed as arguments.
+        """
+        self.extensions = ('.py', '.pyx', '.pyd') + tuple(extra_extensions)
+        super().__init__(ignore_paths=ignore_paths)
+
+    def __call__(self, change: 'Change', path: str) -> bool:
+        return path.endswith(self.extensions) and super().__call__(change, path)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/main.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0068dbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Generator
+from enum import IntEnum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import anyio
+
+from ._rust_notify import RustNotify
+from .filters import DefaultFilter
+
+__all__ = 'watch', 'awatch', 'Change', 'FileChange'
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.main')
+
+
+class Change(IntEnum):
+    """
+    Enum representing the type of change that occurred.
+    """
+
+    added = 1
+    """A new file or directory was added."""
+    modified = 2
+    """A file or directory was modified, can be either a metadata or data change."""
+    deleted = 3
+    """A file or directory was deleted."""
+
+    def raw_str(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+
+FileChange = tuple[Change, str]
+"""
+A tuple representing a file change, first element is a [`Change`][watchfiles.Change] member, second is the path
+of the file or directory that changed.
+"""
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import asyncio
+    from typing import Protocol
+
+    import trio
+
+    AnyEvent = anyio.Event | asyncio.Event | trio.Event
+
+    class AbstractEvent(Protocol):
+        def is_set(self) -> bool: ...
+
+
+def watch(
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    watch_filter: Callable[['Change', str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    stop_event: 'AbstractEvent | None' = None,
+    rust_timeout: int = 5_000,
+    yield_on_timeout: bool = False,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    raise_interrupt: bool = True,
+    force_polling: bool | None = None,
+    poll_delay_ms: int = 300,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool | None = None,
+) -> Generator[set[FileChange], None, None]:
+    """
+    Watch one or more paths and yield a set of changes whenever files change.
+
+    The paths watched can be directories or files, directories are watched recursively - changes in subdirectories
+    are also detected.
+
+    #### Force polling
+
+    Notify will fall back to file polling if it can't use file system notifications, but we also force Notify
+    to use polling if the `force_polling` argument is `True`; if `force_polling` is unset (or `None`), we enable
+    force polling thus:
+
+    * if the `WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING` environment variable exists and is not empty:
+        * if the value is `false`, `disable` or `disabled`, force polling is disabled
+        * otherwise, force polling is enabled
+    * otherwise, we enable force polling only if we detect we're running on WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)
+
+    It is also possible to change the poll delay between iterations, it can be changed to maintain a good response time
+    and an appropiate CPU consumption using the `poll_delay_ms` argument, we change poll delay thus:
+
+    * if file polling is enabled and the `WATCHFILES_POLL_DELAY_MS` env var exists and it is numeric, we use that
+    * otherwise, we use the argument value
+
+    Args:
+        *paths: filesystem paths to watch.
+        watch_filter: callable used to filter out changes which are not important, you can either use a raw callable
+            or a [`BaseFilter`][watchfiles.BaseFilter] instance,
+            defaults to an instance of [`DefaultFilter`][watchfiles.DefaultFilter]. To keep all changes, use `None`.
+        debounce: maximum time in milliseconds to group changes over before yielding them.
+        step: time to wait for new changes in milliseconds, if no changes are detected in this time, and
+            at least one change has been detected, the changes are yielded.
+        stop_event: event to stop watching, if this is set, the generator will stop iteration,
+            this can be anything with an `is_set()` method which returns a bool, e.g. `threading.Event()`.
+        rust_timeout: maximum time in milliseconds to wait in the rust code for changes, `0` means no timeout.
+        yield_on_timeout: if `True`, the generator will yield upon timeout in rust even if no changes are detected.
+        debug: whether to print information about all filesystem changes in rust to stdout, if `None` will use the
+            `WATCHFILES_DEBUG` environment variable.
+        raise_interrupt: whether to re-raise `KeyboardInterrupt`s, or suppress the error and just stop iterating.
+        force_polling: See [Force polling](#force-polling) above.
+        poll_delay_ms: delay between polling for changes, only used if `force_polling=True`.
+        recursive: if `True`, watch for changes in sub-directories recursively, otherwise watch only for changes in the
+            top-level directory, default is `True`.
+        ignore_permission_denied: if `True`, will ignore permission denied errors, otherwise will raise them by default.
+            Setting the `WATCHFILES_IGNORE_PERMISSION_DENIED` environment variable will set this value too.
+
+    Yields:
+        The generator yields sets of [`FileChange`][watchfiles.main.FileChange]s.
+
+    ```py title="Example of watch usage"
+    from watchfiles import watch
+
+    for changes in watch('./first/dir', './second/dir', raise_interrupt=False):
+        print(changes)
+    ```
+    """
+    force_polling = _default_force_polling(force_polling)
+    poll_delay_ms = _default_poll_delay_ms(poll_delay_ms)
+    ignore_permission_denied = _default_ignore_permission_denied(ignore_permission_denied)
+    debug = _default_debug(debug)
+    with RustNotify(
+        [str(p) for p in paths], debug, force_polling, poll_delay_ms, recursive, ignore_permission_denied
+    ) as watcher:
+        while True:
+            raw_changes = watcher.watch(debounce, step, rust_timeout, stop_event)
+            if raw_changes == 'timeout':
+                if yield_on_timeout:
+                    yield set()
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('rust notify timeout, continuing')
+            elif raw_changes == 'signal':
+                if raise_interrupt:
+                    raise KeyboardInterrupt
+                else:
+                    logger.warning('KeyboardInterrupt caught, stopping watch')
+                    return
+            elif raw_changes == 'stop':
+                return
+            else:
+                changes = _prep_changes(raw_changes, watch_filter)
+                if changes:
+                    _log_changes(changes)
+                    yield changes
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('all changes filtered out, raw_changes=%s', raw_changes)
+
+
+async def awatch(  # C901
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    stop_event: 'AnyEvent | None' = None,
+    rust_timeout: int | None = None,
+    yield_on_timeout: bool = False,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    raise_interrupt: bool | None = None,
+    force_polling: bool | None = None,
+    poll_delay_ms: int = 300,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool | None = None,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[set[FileChange], None]:
+    """
+    Asynchronous equivalent of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] using threads to wait for changes.
+    Arguments match those of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] except `stop_event`.
+
+    All async methods use [anyio](https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) to run the event loop.
+
+    Unlike [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] `KeyboardInterrupt` cannot be suppressed by `awatch` so they need to be caught
+    where `asyncio.run` or equivalent is called.
+
+    Args:
+        *paths: filesystem paths to watch.
+        watch_filter: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        debounce: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        step: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        stop_event: `anyio.Event` which can be used to stop iteration, see example below.
+        rust_timeout: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch], except that `None` means
+            use `1_000` on Windows and `5_000` on other platforms thus helping with exiting on `Ctrl+C` on Windows,
+            see [#110](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/110).
+        yield_on_timeout: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        debug: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch].
+        raise_interrupt: This is deprecated, `KeyboardInterrupt` will cause this coroutine to be cancelled and then
+            be raised by the top level `asyncio.run` call or equivalent, and should be caught there.
+            See [#136](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/136)
+        force_polling: if true, always use polling instead of file system notifications, default is `None` where
+            `force_polling` is set to `True` if the `WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING` environment variable exists.
+        poll_delay_ms: delay between polling for changes, only used if `force_polling=True`.
+            `poll_delay_ms` can be changed via the `WATCHFILES_POLL_DELAY_MS` environment variable.
+        recursive: if `True`, watch for changes in sub-directories recursively, otherwise watch only for changes in the
+            top-level directory, default is `True`.
+        ignore_permission_denied: if `True`, will ignore permission denied errors, otherwise will raise them by default.
+            Setting the `WATCHFILES_IGNORE_PERMISSION_DENIED` environment variable will set this value too.
+
+    Yields:
+        The generator yields sets of [`FileChange`][watchfiles.main.FileChange]s.
+
+    ```py title="Example of awatch usage"
+    import asyncio
+    from watchfiles import awatch
+
+    async def main():
+        async for changes in awatch('./first/dir', './second/dir'):
+            print(changes)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        try:
+            asyncio.run(main())
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print('stopped via KeyboardInterrupt')
+    ```
+
+    ```py title="Example of awatch usage with a stop event"
+    import asyncio
+    from watchfiles import awatch
+
+    async def main():
+        stop_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+        async def stop_soon():
+            await asyncio.sleep(3)
+            stop_event.set()
+
+        stop_soon_task = asyncio.create_task(stop_soon())
+
+        async for changes in awatch('/path/to/dir', stop_event=stop_event):
+            print(changes)
+
+        # cleanup by awaiting the (now complete) stop_soon_task
+        await stop_soon_task
+
+    asyncio.run(main())
+    ```
+    """
+    if raise_interrupt is not None:
+        warnings.warn(
+            'raise_interrupt is deprecated, KeyboardInterrupt will cause this coroutine to be cancelled and then '
+            'be raised by the top level asyncio.run call or equivalent, and should be caught there. See #136.',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    if stop_event is None:
+        stop_event_: AnyEvent = anyio.Event()
+    else:
+        stop_event_ = stop_event
+
+    force_polling = _default_force_polling(force_polling)
+    poll_delay_ms = _default_poll_delay_ms(poll_delay_ms)
+    ignore_permission_denied = _default_ignore_permission_denied(ignore_permission_denied)
+    debug = _default_debug(debug)
+    with RustNotify(
+        [str(p) for p in paths], debug, force_polling, poll_delay_ms, recursive, ignore_permission_denied
+    ) as watcher:
+        timeout = _calc_async_timeout(rust_timeout)
+        CancelledError = anyio.get_cancelled_exc_class()
+
+        while True:
+            async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
+                try:
+                    raw_changes = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(watcher.watch, debounce, step, timeout, stop_event_)
+                except (CancelledError, KeyboardInterrupt):
+                    stop_event_.set()
+                    # suppressing KeyboardInterrupt wouldn't stop it getting raised by the top level asyncio.run call
+                    raise
+                tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
+
+            if raw_changes == 'timeout':
+                if yield_on_timeout:
+                    yield set()
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('rust notify timeout, continuing')
+            elif raw_changes == 'stop':
+                return
+            elif raw_changes == 'signal':
+                # in theory the watch thread should never get a signal
+                raise RuntimeError('watch thread unexpectedly received a signal')
+            else:
+                changes = _prep_changes(raw_changes, watch_filter)
+                if changes:
+                    _log_changes(changes)
+                    yield changes
+                else:
+                    logger.debug('all changes filtered out, raw_changes=%s', raw_changes)
+
+
+def _prep_changes(
+    raw_changes: set[tuple[int, str]], watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None
+) -> set[FileChange]:
+    # if we wanted to be really snazzy, we could move this into rust
+    changes = {(Change(change), path) for change, path in raw_changes}
+    if watch_filter:
+        changes = {c for c in changes if watch_filter(c[0], c[1])}
+    return changes
+
+
+def _log_changes(changes: set[FileChange]) -> None:
+    if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO):  # pragma: no branch
+        count = len(changes)
+        plural = '' if count == 1 else 's'
+        if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            logger.debug('%d change%s detected: %s', count, plural, changes)
+        else:
+            logger.info('%d change%s detected', count, plural)
+
+
+def _calc_async_timeout(timeout: int | None) -> int:
+    """
+    see https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/110
+    """
+    if timeout is None:
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            return 1_000
+        else:
+            return 5_000
+    else:
+        return timeout
+
+
+def _default_force_polling(force_polling: bool | None) -> bool:
+    """
+    See docstring for `watch` above for details.
+
+    See samuelcolvin/watchfiles#167 and samuelcolvin/watchfiles#187 for discussion and rationale.
+    """
+    if force_polling is not None:
+        return force_polling
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING')
+    if env_var:
+        return env_var.lower() not in {'false', 'disable', 'disabled'}
+    else:
+        return _auto_force_polling()
+
+
+def _default_poll_delay_ms(poll_delay_ms: int) -> int:
+    """
+    See docstring for `watch` above for details.
+    """
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_POLL_DELAY_MS')
+    if env_var and env_var.isdecimal():
+        return int(env_var)
+    else:
+        return poll_delay_ms
+
+
+def _default_debug(debug: bool | None) -> bool:
+    if debug is not None:
+        return debug
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_DEBUG')
+    return bool(env_var)
+
+
+def _auto_force_polling() -> bool:
+    """
+    Whether to auto-enable force polling, it should be enabled automatically only on WSL.
+
+    See samuelcolvin/watchfiles#187 for discussion.
+    """
+    import platform
+
+    uname = platform.uname()
+    return 'microsoft-standard' in uname.release.lower() and uname.system.lower() == 'linux'
+
+
+def _default_ignore_permission_denied(ignore_permission_denied: bool | None) -> bool:
+    if ignore_permission_denied is not None:
+        return ignore_permission_denied
+    env_var = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_IGNORE_PERMISSION_DENIED')
+    return bool(env_var)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cd6d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/py.typed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Marker file for PEP 561. The watchfiles package uses inline types.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/run.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/run.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8636618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/run.py
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+import contextlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shlex
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable, Generator
+from importlib import import_module
+from multiprocessing import get_context
+from multiprocessing.context import SpawnProcess
+from pathlib import Path
+from time import sleep
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+import anyio
+
+from .filters import DefaultFilter
+from .main import Change, FileChange, awatch, watch
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Literal
+
+__all__ = 'run_process', 'arun_process', 'detect_target_type', 'import_string'
+logger = logging.getLogger('watchfiles.main')
+
+
+def run_process(
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    target: str | Callable[..., Any],
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    target_type: "Literal['function', 'command', 'auto']" = 'auto',
+    callback: Callable[[set[FileChange]], None] | None = None,
+    watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    grace_period: float = 0,
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    sigint_timeout: int = 5,
+    sigkill_timeout: int = 1,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool = False,
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Run a process and restart it upon file changes.
+
+    `run_process` can work in two ways:
+
+    * Using `multiprocessing.Process` † to run a python function
+    * Or, using `subprocess.Popen` to run a command
+
+    !!! note
+
+        **†** technically `multiprocessing.get_context('spawn').Process` to avoid forking and improve
+        code reload/import.
+
+    Internally, `run_process` uses [`watch`][watchfiles.watch] with `raise_interrupt=False` so the function
+    exits cleanly upon `Ctrl+C`.
+
+    Args:
+        *paths: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        target: function or command to run
+        args: arguments to pass to `target`, only used if `target` is a function
+        kwargs: keyword arguments to pass to `target`, only used if `target` is a function
+        target_type: type of target. Can be `'function'`, `'command'`, or `'auto'` in which case
+            [`detect_target_type`][watchfiles.run.detect_target_type] is used to determine the type.
+        callback: function to call on each reload, the function should accept a set of changes as the sole argument
+        watch_filter: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        grace_period: number of seconds after the process is started before watching for changes
+        debounce: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        step: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        debug: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+        sigint_timeout: the number of seconds to wait after sending sigint before sending sigkill
+        sigkill_timeout: the number of seconds to wait after sending sigkill before raising an exception
+        recursive: matches the same argument of [`watch`][watchfiles.watch]
+
+    Returns:
+        number of times the function was reloaded.
+
+    ```py title="Example of run_process running a function"
+    from watchfiles import run_process
+
+    def callback(changes):
+        print('changes detected:', changes)
+
+    def foobar(a, b):
+        print('foobar called with:', a, b)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        run_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2), callback=callback)
+    ```
+
+    As well as using a `callback` function, changes can be accessed from within the target function,
+    using the `WATCHFILES_CHANGES` environment variable.
+
+    ```py title="Example of run_process accessing changes"
+    from watchfiles import run_process
+
+    def foobar(a, b, c):
+        # changes will be an empty list "[]" the first time the function is called
+        changes = os.getenv('WATCHFILES_CHANGES')
+        changes = json.loads(changes)
+        print('foobar called due to changes:', changes)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        run_process('./path/to/dir', target=foobar, args=(1, 2, 3))
+    ```
+
+    Again with the target as `command`, `WATCHFILES_CHANGES` can be used
+    to access changes.
+
+    ```bash title="example.sh"
+    echo "changers: ${WATCHFILES_CHANGES}"
+    ```
+
+    ```py title="Example of run_process running a command"
+    from watchfiles import run_process
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        run_process('.', target='./example.sh')
+    ```
+    """
+    if target_type == 'auto':
+        target_type = detect_target_type(target)
+
+    logger.debug('running "%s" as %s', target, target_type)
+    catch_sigterm()
+    process = start_process(target, target_type, args, kwargs)
+    reloads = 0
+
+    if grace_period:
+        logger.debug('sleeping for %s seconds before watching for changes', grace_period)
+        sleep(grace_period)
+
+    try:
+        for changes in watch(
+            *paths,
+            watch_filter=watch_filter,
+            debounce=debounce,
+            step=step,
+            debug=debug,
+            raise_interrupt=False,
+            recursive=recursive,
+            ignore_permission_denied=ignore_permission_denied,
+        ):
+            callback and callback(changes)
+            process.stop(sigint_timeout=sigint_timeout, sigkill_timeout=sigkill_timeout)
+            process = start_process(target, target_type, args, kwargs, changes)
+            reloads += 1
+    finally:
+        process.stop()
+    return reloads
+
+
+async def arun_process(
+    *paths: Path | str,
+    target: str | Callable[..., Any],
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    target_type: "Literal['function', 'command', 'auto']" = 'auto',
+    callback: Callable[[set[FileChange]], Any] | None = None,
+    watch_filter: Callable[[Change, str], bool] | None = DefaultFilter(),
+    grace_period: float = 0,
+    debounce: int = 1_600,
+    step: int = 50,
+    debug: bool | None = None,
+    recursive: bool = True,
+    ignore_permission_denied: bool = False,
+) -> int:
+    """
+    Async equivalent of [`run_process`][watchfiles.run_process], all arguments match those of `run_process` except
+    `callback` which can be a coroutine.
+
+    Starting and stopping the process and watching for changes is done in a separate thread.
+
+    As with `run_process`, internally `arun_process` uses [`awatch`][watchfiles.awatch], however `KeyboardInterrupt`
+    cannot be caught and suppressed in `awatch` so these errors need to be caught separately, see below.
+
+    ```py title="Example of arun_process usage"
+    import asyncio
+    from watchfiles import arun_process
+
+    async def callback(changes):
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+        print('changes detected:', changes)
+
+    def foobar(a, b):
+        print('foobar called with:', a, b)
+
+    async def main():
+        await arun_process('.', target=foobar, args=(1, 2), callback=callback)
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        try:
+            asyncio.run(main())
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print('stopped via KeyboardInterrupt')
+    ```
+    """
+    import inspect
+
+    if target_type == 'auto':
+        target_type = detect_target_type(target)
+
+    logger.debug('running "%s" as %s', target, target_type)
+    catch_sigterm()
+    process = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(start_process, target, target_type, args, kwargs)
+    reloads = 0
+
+    if grace_period:
+        logger.debug('sleeping for %s seconds before watching for changes', grace_period)
+        await anyio.sleep(grace_period)
+
+    async for changes in awatch(
+        *paths,
+        watch_filter=watch_filter,
+        debounce=debounce,
+        step=step,
+        debug=debug,
+        recursive=recursive,
+        ignore_permission_denied=ignore_permission_denied,
+    ):
+        if callback is not None:
+            r = callback(changes)
+            if inspect.isawaitable(r):
+                await r
+
+        await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(process.stop)
+        process = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(start_process, target, target_type, args, kwargs, changes)
+        reloads += 1
+    await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(process.stop)
+    return reloads
+
+
+# Use spawn context to make sure code run in subprocess
+# does not reuse imported modules in main process/context
+spawn_context = get_context('spawn')
+
+
+def split_cmd(cmd: str) -> list[str]:
+    import platform
+
+    posix = platform.uname().system.lower() != 'windows'
+    return shlex.split(cmd, posix=posix)
+
+
+def start_process(
+    target: str | Callable[..., Any],
+    target_type: "Literal['function', 'command']",
+    args: tuple[Any, ...],
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    changes: set[FileChange] | None = None,
+) -> 'CombinedProcess':
+    if changes is None:
+        changes_env_var = '[]'
+    else:
+        changes_env_var = json.dumps([[c.raw_str(), p] for c, p in changes])
+
+    os.environ['WATCHFILES_CHANGES'] = changes_env_var
+
+    process: SpawnProcess | subprocess.Popen[bytes]
+    if target_type == 'function':
+        kwargs = kwargs or {}
+        if isinstance(target, str):
+            args = target, get_tty_path(), args, kwargs
+            target_ = run_function
+            kwargs = {}
+        else:
+            target_ = target
+
+        process = spawn_context.Process(target=target_, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+        process.start()
+    else:
+        if args or kwargs:
+            logger.warning('ignoring args and kwargs for "command" target')
+
+        assert isinstance(target, str), 'target must be a string to run as a command'
+        popen_args = split_cmd(target)
+        process = subprocess.Popen(popen_args)
+    return CombinedProcess(process)
+
+
+def detect_target_type(target: str | Callable[..., Any]) -> "Literal['function', 'command']":
+    """
+    Used by [`run_process`][watchfiles.run_process], [`arun_process`][watchfiles.arun_process]
+    and indirectly the CLI to determine the target type with `target_type` is `auto`.
+
+    Detects the target type - either `function` or `command`. This method is only called with `target_type='auto'`.
+
+    The following logic is employed:
+
+    * If `target` is not a string, it is assumed to be a function
+    * If `target` ends with `.py` or `.sh`, it is assumed to be a command
+    * Otherwise, the target is assumed to be a function if it matches the regex `[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)+`
+
+    If this logic does not work for you, specify the target type explicitly using the `target_type` function argument
+    or `--target-type` command line argument.
+
+    Args:
+        target: The target value
+
+    Returns:
+        either `'function'` or `'command'`
+    """
+    if not isinstance(target, str):
+        return 'function'
+    elif target.endswith(('.py', '.sh')):
+        return 'command'
+    elif re.fullmatch(r'[a-zA-Z0-9_]+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)+', target):
+        return 'function'
+    else:
+        return 'command'
+
+
+class CombinedProcess:
+    def __init__(self, p: 'SpawnProcess | subprocess.Popen[bytes]'):
+        self._p = p
+        assert self.pid is not None, 'process not yet spawned'
+
+    def stop(self, sigint_timeout: int = 5, sigkill_timeout: int = 1) -> None:
+        os.environ.pop('WATCHFILES_CHANGES', None)
+        if self.is_alive():
+            logger.debug('stopping process...')
+
+            os.kill(self.pid, signal.SIGINT)
+
+            try:
+                self.join(sigint_timeout)
+            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+                # Capture this exception to allow the self.exitcode to be reached.
+                # This will allow the SIGKILL to be sent, otherwise it is swallowed up.
+                logger.warning('SIGINT timed out after %r seconds', sigint_timeout)
+                pass
+
+            if self.exitcode is None:
+                logger.warning('process has not terminated, sending SIGKILL')
+                os.kill(self.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+                self.join(sigkill_timeout)
+            else:
+                logger.debug('process stopped')
+        else:
+            logger.warning('process already dead, exit code: %d', self.exitcode)
+
+    def is_alive(self) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(self._p, SpawnProcess):
+            return self._p.is_alive()
+        else:
+            return self._p.poll() is None
+
+    @property
+    def pid(self) -> int:
+        # we check the process has always been spawned when CombinedProcess is initialised
+        return self._p.pid  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def join(self, timeout: int) -> None:
+        if isinstance(self._p, SpawnProcess):
+            self._p.join(timeout)
+        else:
+            self._p.wait(timeout)
+
+    @property
+    def exitcode(self) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(self._p, SpawnProcess):
+            return self._p.exitcode
+        else:
+            return self._p.returncode
+
+
+def run_function(function: str, tty_path: str | None, args: tuple[Any, ...], kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    with set_tty(tty_path):
+        func = import_string(function)
+        func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def import_string(dotted_path: str) -> Any:
+    """
+    Stolen approximately from django. Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
+    last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import fails.
+    """
+    try:
+        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.strip(' ').rsplit('.', 1)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'"{dotted_path}" doesn\'t look like a module path') from e
+
+    module = import_module(module_path)
+    try:
+        return getattr(module, class_name)
+    except AttributeError as e:
+        raise ImportError(f'Module "{module_path}" does not define a "{class_name}" attribute') from e
+
+
+def get_tty_path() -> str | None:  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Return the path to the current TTY, if any.
+
+    Virtually impossible to test in pytest, hence no cover.
+    """
+    try:
+        return os.ttyname(sys.stdin.fileno())
+    except OSError:
+        # fileno() always fails with pytest
+        return '/dev/tty'
+    except AttributeError:
+        # on Windows. No idea of a better solution
+        return None
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def set_tty(tty_path: str | None) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    if tty_path:
+        try:
+            with open(tty_path) as tty:  # pragma: no cover
+                sys.stdin = tty
+                yield
+        except OSError:
+            # eg. "No such device or address: '/dev/tty'", see https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles/issues/40
+            yield
+    else:
+        # currently on windows tty_path is None and there's nothing we can do here
+        yield
+
+
+def raise_keyboard_interrupt(signum: int, _frame: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    logger.warning('received signal %s, raising KeyboardInterrupt', signal.Signals(signum))
+    raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+
+def catch_sigterm() -> None:
+    """
+    Catch SIGTERM and raise KeyboardInterrupt instead. This means watchfiles will stop quickly
+    on `docker compose stop` and other cases where SIGTERM is sent.
+
+    Without this the watchfiles process will be killed while a running process will continue uninterrupted.
+    """
+    logger.debug('registering handler for SIGTERM on watchfiles process %d', os.getpid())
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, raise_keyboard_interrupt)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f55721f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/watchfiles/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from ._rust_notify import __version__
+
+__all__ = ('VERSION',)
+
+VERSION = __version__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b589e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/INSTALLER
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/METADATA b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53b147e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: websockets
+Version: 16.0
+Summary: An implementation of the WebSocket Protocol (RFC 6455 & 7692)
+Author-email: Aymeric Augustin <aymeric.augustin@m4x.org>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/changelog.html
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://websockets.readthedocs.io/
+Project-URL: Funding, https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-websockets?utm_source=pypi-websockets&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme
+Project-URL: Tracker, https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/issues
+Keywords: WebSocket
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: description-content-type
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+.. image:: logo/horizontal.svg
+   :width: 480px
+   :alt: websockets
+
+|licence| |version| |pyversions| |tests| |docs| |openssf|
+
+.. |licence| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/websockets.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websockets
+
+.. |version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/websockets.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websockets
+
+.. |pyversions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/websockets.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/websockets
+
+.. |tests| image:: https://img.shields.io/github/checks-status/python-websockets/websockets/main?label=tests
+   :target: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/actions/workflows/tests.yml
+
+.. |docs| image:: https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/websockets.svg
+   :target: https://websockets.readthedocs.io/
+
+.. |openssf| image:: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6475/badge
+   :target: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6475
+
+What is ``websockets``?
+-----------------------
+
+websockets is a library for building WebSocket_ servers and clients in Python
+with a focus on correctness, simplicity, robustness, and performance.
+
+.. _WebSocket: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API
+
+Built on top of ``asyncio``, Python's standard asynchronous I/O framework, the
+default implementation provides an elegant coroutine-based API.
+
+An implementation on top of ``threading`` and a Sans-I/O implementation are also
+available.
+
+`Documentation is available on Read the Docs. <https://websockets.readthedocs.io/>`_
+
+.. copy-pasted because GitHub doesn't support the include directive
+
+Here's an echo server with the ``asyncio`` API:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+    import asyncio
+    from websockets.asyncio.server import serve
+
+    async def echo(websocket):
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await websocket.send(message)
+
+    async def main():
+        async with serve(echo, "localhost", 8765) as server:
+            await server.serve_forever()
+
+    asyncio.run(main())
+
+Here's how a client sends and receives messages with the ``threading`` API:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+    from websockets.sync.client import connect
+
+    def hello():
+        with connect("ws://localhost:8765") as websocket:
+            websocket.send("Hello world!")
+            message = websocket.recv()
+            print(f"Received: {message}")
+
+    hello()
+
+
+Does that look good?
+
+`Get started with the tutorial! <https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/intro/index.html>`_
+
+Why should I use ``websockets``?
+--------------------------------
+
+The development of ``websockets`` is shaped by four principles:
+
+1. **Correctness**: ``websockets`` is heavily tested for compliance with
+   :rfc:`6455`. Continuous integration fails under 100% branch coverage.
+
+2. **Simplicity**: all you need to understand is ``msg = await ws.recv()`` and
+   ``await ws.send(msg)``. ``websockets`` takes care of managing connections
+   so you can focus on your application.
+
+3. **Robustness**: ``websockets`` is built for production. For example, it was
+   the only library to `handle backpressure correctly`_ before the issue
+   became widely known in the Python community.
+
+4. **Performance**: memory usage is optimized and configurable. A C extension
+   accelerates expensive operations. It's pre-compiled for Linux, macOS and
+   Windows and packaged in the wheel format for each system and Python version.
+
+Documentation is a first class concern in the project. Head over to `Read the
+Docs`_ and see for yourself.
+
+.. _Read the Docs: https://websockets.readthedocs.io/
+.. _handle backpressure correctly: https://vorpus.org/blog/some-thoughts-on-asynchronous-api-design-in-a-post-asyncawait-world/#websocket-servers
+
+Why shouldn't I use ``websockets``?
+-----------------------------------
+
+* If you prefer callbacks over coroutines: ``websockets`` was created to
+  provide the best coroutine-based API to manage WebSocket connections in
+  Python. Pick another library for a callback-based API.
+
+* If you're looking for a mixed HTTP / WebSocket library: ``websockets`` aims
+  at being an excellent implementation of :rfc:`6455`: The WebSocket Protocol
+  and :rfc:`7692`: Compression Extensions for WebSocket. Its support for HTTP
+  is minimal — just enough for an HTTP health check.
+
+  If you want to do both in the same server, look at HTTP + WebSocket servers
+  that build on top of ``websockets`` to support WebSocket connections, like
+  uvicorn_ or Sanic_.
+
+.. _uvicorn: https://www.uvicorn.org/
+.. _Sanic: https://sanic.dev/en/
+
+What else?
+----------
+
+Bug reports, patches and suggestions are welcome!
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the `Tidelift security
+contact`_. Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+.. _Tidelift security contact: https://tidelift.com/security
+
+For anything else, please open an issue_ or send a `pull request`_.
+
+.. _issue: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/issues/new
+.. _pull request: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/compare/
+
+Participants must uphold the `Contributor Covenant code of conduct`_.
+
+.. _Contributor Covenant code of conduct: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+
+``websockets`` is released under the `BSD license`_.
+
+.. _BSD license: https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets/blob/main/LICENSE
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/RECORD b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/RECORD
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index 0000000..b59725a
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/WHEEL b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9921a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: false
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_5_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux1_x86_64
+Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_28_x86_64
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60cd61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[console_scripts]
+websockets = websockets.cli:main
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d61ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Copyright (c) Aymeric Augustin and contributors
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+      and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+      without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14774b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets-16.0.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+websockets
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f90aff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+# Importing the typing module would conflict with websockets.typing.
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from .imports import lazy_import
+from .version import version as __version__  # noqa: F401
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    # .asyncio.client
+    "connect",
+    "unix_connect",
+    "ClientConnection",
+    # .asyncio.router
+    "route",
+    "unix_route",
+    "Router",
+    # .asyncio.server
+    "basic_auth",
+    "broadcast",
+    "serve",
+    "unix_serve",
+    "ServerConnection",
+    "Server",
+    # .client
+    "ClientProtocol",
+    # .datastructures
+    "Headers",
+    "HeadersLike",
+    "MultipleValuesError",
+    # .exceptions
+    "ConcurrencyError",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "ConnectionClosedError",
+    "ConnectionClosedOK",
+    "DuplicateParameter",
+    "InvalidHandshake",
+    "InvalidHeader",
+    "InvalidHeaderFormat",
+    "InvalidHeaderValue",
+    "InvalidMessage",
+    "InvalidOrigin",
+    "InvalidParameterName",
+    "InvalidParameterValue",
+    "InvalidProxy",
+    "InvalidProxyMessage",
+    "InvalidProxyStatus",
+    "InvalidState",
+    "InvalidStatus",
+    "InvalidUpgrade",
+    "InvalidURI",
+    "NegotiationError",
+    "PayloadTooBig",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "SecurityError",
+    "WebSocketException",
+    # .frames
+    "Close",
+    "CloseCode",
+    "Frame",
+    "Opcode",
+    # .http11
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+    # .protocol
+    "Protocol",
+    "Side",
+    "State",
+    # .server
+    "ServerProtocol",
+    # .typing
+    "Data",
+    "ExtensionName",
+    "ExtensionParameter",
+    "LoggerLike",
+    "StatusLike",
+    "Origin",
+    "Subprotocol",
+]
+
+# When type checking, import non-deprecated aliases eagerly. Else, import on demand.
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .asyncio.client import ClientConnection, connect, unix_connect
+    from .asyncio.router import Router, route, unix_route
+    from .asyncio.server import (
+        Server,
+        ServerConnection,
+        basic_auth,
+        broadcast,
+        serve,
+        unix_serve,
+    )
+    from .client import ClientProtocol
+    from .datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike, MultipleValuesError
+    from .exceptions import (
+        ConcurrencyError,
+        ConnectionClosed,
+        ConnectionClosedError,
+        ConnectionClosedOK,
+        DuplicateParameter,
+        InvalidHandshake,
+        InvalidHeader,
+        InvalidHeaderFormat,
+        InvalidHeaderValue,
+        InvalidMessage,
+        InvalidOrigin,
+        InvalidParameterName,
+        InvalidParameterValue,
+        InvalidProxy,
+        InvalidProxyMessage,
+        InvalidProxyStatus,
+        InvalidState,
+        InvalidStatus,
+        InvalidUpgrade,
+        InvalidURI,
+        NegotiationError,
+        PayloadTooBig,
+        ProtocolError,
+        ProxyError,
+        SecurityError,
+        WebSocketException,
+    )
+    from .frames import Close, CloseCode, Frame, Opcode
+    from .http11 import Request, Response
+    from .protocol import Protocol, Side, State
+    from .server import ServerProtocol
+    from .typing import (
+        Data,
+        ExtensionName,
+        ExtensionParameter,
+        LoggerLike,
+        Origin,
+        StatusLike,
+        Subprotocol,
+    )
+else:
+    lazy_import(
+        globals(),
+        aliases={
+            # .asyncio.client
+            "connect": ".asyncio.client",
+            "unix_connect": ".asyncio.client",
+            "ClientConnection": ".asyncio.client",
+            # .asyncio.router
+            "route": ".asyncio.router",
+            "unix_route": ".asyncio.router",
+            "Router": ".asyncio.router",
+            # .asyncio.server
+            "basic_auth": ".asyncio.server",
+            "broadcast": ".asyncio.server",
+            "serve": ".asyncio.server",
+            "unix_serve": ".asyncio.server",
+            "ServerConnection": ".asyncio.server",
+            "Server": ".asyncio.server",
+            # .client
+            "ClientProtocol": ".client",
+            # .datastructures
+            "Headers": ".datastructures",
+            "HeadersLike": ".datastructures",
+            "MultipleValuesError": ".datastructures",
+            # .exceptions
+            "ConcurrencyError": ".exceptions",
+            "ConnectionClosed": ".exceptions",
+            "ConnectionClosedError": ".exceptions",
+            "ConnectionClosedOK": ".exceptions",
+            "DuplicateParameter": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHandshake": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHeader": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHeaderFormat": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidHeaderValue": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidMessage": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidOrigin": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidParameterName": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidParameterValue": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidProxy": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidProxyMessage": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidProxyStatus": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidState": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidStatus": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidUpgrade": ".exceptions",
+            "InvalidURI": ".exceptions",
+            "NegotiationError": ".exceptions",
+            "PayloadTooBig": ".exceptions",
+            "ProtocolError": ".exceptions",
+            "ProxyError": ".exceptions",
+            "SecurityError": ".exceptions",
+            "WebSocketException": ".exceptions",
+            # .frames
+            "Close": ".frames",
+            "CloseCode": ".frames",
+            "Frame": ".frames",
+            "Opcode": ".frames",
+            # .http11
+            "Request": ".http11",
+            "Response": ".http11",
+            # .protocol
+            "Protocol": ".protocol",
+            "Side": ".protocol",
+            "State": ".protocol",
+            # .server
+            "ServerProtocol": ".server",
+            # .typing
+            "Data": ".typing",
+            "ExtensionName": ".typing",
+            "ExtensionParameter": ".typing",
+            "LoggerLike": ".typing",
+            "Origin": ".typing",
+            "StatusLike": ".typing",
+            "Subprotocol": ".typing",
+        },
+        deprecated_aliases={
+            # deprecated in 9.0 - 2021-09-01
+            "framing": ".legacy",
+            "handshake": ".legacy",
+            "parse_uri": ".uri",
+            "WebSocketURI": ".uri",
+            # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+            # .legacy.auth
+            "BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol": ".legacy.auth",
+            "basic_auth_protocol_factory": ".legacy.auth",
+            # .legacy.client
+            "WebSocketClientProtocol": ".legacy.client",
+            # .legacy.exceptions
+            "AbortHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            "InvalidStatusCode": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            "RedirectHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            "WebSocketProtocolError": ".legacy.exceptions",
+            # .legacy.protocol
+            "WebSocketCommonProtocol": ".legacy.protocol",
+            # .legacy.server
+            "WebSocketServer": ".legacy.server",
+            "WebSocketServerProtocol": ".legacy.server",
+        },
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__main__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f05ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from .cli import main
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/async_timeout.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/async_timeout.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ffa899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/async_timeout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+# From https://github.com/aio-libs/async-timeout/blob/master/async_timeout/__init__.py
+# Licensed under the Apache License (Apache-2.0)
+
+import asyncio
+import enum
+import sys
+import warnings
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Optional, Type
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import final
+else:
+    # From https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/src/typing_extensions.py
+    # Licensed under the Python Software Foundation License (PSF-2.0)
+
+    # @final exists in 3.8+, but we backport it for all versions
+    # before 3.11 to keep support for the __final__ attribute.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46342
+    def final(f):
+        """This decorator can be used to indicate to type checkers that
+        the decorated method cannot be overridden, and decorated class
+        cannot be subclassed. For example:
+
+            class Base:
+                @final
+                def done(self) -> None:
+                    ...
+            class Sub(Base):
+                def done(self) -> None:  # Error reported by type checker
+                    ...
+            @final
+            class Leaf:
+                ...
+            class Other(Leaf):  # Error reported by type checker
+                ...
+
+        There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator
+        sets the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object
+        to allow runtime introspection.
+        """
+        try:
+            f.__final__ = True
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Skip the attribute silently if it is not writable.
+            # AttributeError happens if the object has __slots__ or a
+            # read-only property, TypeError if it's a builtin class.
+            pass
+        return f
+
+    # End https://github.com/python/typing_extensions/blob/main/src/typing_extensions.py
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+
+    def _uncancel_task(task: "asyncio.Task[object]") -> None:
+        task.uncancel()
+
+else:
+
+    def _uncancel_task(task: "asyncio.Task[object]") -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+__version__ = "4.0.3"
+
+
+__all__ = ("timeout", "timeout_at", "Timeout")
+
+
+def timeout(delay: Optional[float]) -> "Timeout":
+    """timeout context manager.
+
+    Useful in cases when you want to apply timeout logic around block
+    of code or in cases when asyncio.wait_for is not suitable. For example:
+
+    >>> async with timeout(0.001):
+    ...     async with aiohttp.get('https://github.com') as r:
+    ...         await r.text()
+
+
+    delay - value in seconds or None to disable timeout logic
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    if delay is not None:
+        deadline = loop.time() + delay  # type: Optional[float]
+    else:
+        deadline = None
+    return Timeout(deadline, loop)
+
+
+def timeout_at(deadline: Optional[float]) -> "Timeout":
+    """Schedule the timeout at absolute time.
+
+    deadline argument points on the time in the same clock system
+    as loop.time().
+
+    Please note: it is not POSIX time but a time with
+    undefined starting base, e.g. the time of the system power on.
+
+    >>> async with timeout_at(loop.time() + 10):
+    ...     async with aiohttp.get('https://github.com') as r:
+    ...         await r.text()
+
+
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    return Timeout(deadline, loop)
+
+
+class _State(enum.Enum):
+    INIT = "INIT"
+    ENTER = "ENTER"
+    TIMEOUT = "TIMEOUT"
+    EXIT = "EXIT"
+
+
+@final
+class Timeout:
+    # Internal class, please don't instantiate it directly
+    # Use timeout() and timeout_at() public factories instead.
+    #
+    # Implementation note: `async with timeout()` is preferred
+    # over `with timeout()`.
+    # While technically the Timeout class implementation
+    # doesn't need to be async at all,
+    # the `async with` statement explicitly points that
+    # the context manager should be used from async function context.
+    #
+    # This design allows to avoid many silly misusages.
+    #
+    # TimeoutError is raised immediately when scheduled
+    # if the deadline is passed.
+    # The purpose is to time out as soon as possible
+    # without waiting for the next await expression.
+
+    __slots__ = ("_deadline", "_loop", "_state", "_timeout_handler", "_task")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, deadline: Optional[float], loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop
+    ) -> None:
+        self._loop = loop
+        self._state = _State.INIT
+
+        self._task: Optional["asyncio.Task[object]"] = None
+        self._timeout_handler = None  # type: Optional[asyncio.Handle]
+        if deadline is None:
+            self._deadline = None  # type: Optional[float]
+        else:
+            self.update(deadline)
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "Timeout":
+        warnings.warn(
+            "with timeout() is deprecated, use async with timeout() instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        self._do_enter()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> Optional[bool]:
+        self._do_exit(exc_type)
+        return None
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> "Timeout":
+        self._do_enter()
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
+        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> Optional[bool]:
+        self._do_exit(exc_type)
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def expired(self) -> bool:
+        """Is timeout expired during execution?"""
+        return self._state == _State.TIMEOUT
+
+    @property
+    def deadline(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        return self._deadline
+
+    def reject(self) -> None:
+        """Reject scheduled timeout if any."""
+        # cancel is maybe better name but
+        # task.cancel() raises CancelledError in asyncio world.
+        if self._state not in (_State.INIT, _State.ENTER):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"invalid state {self._state.value}")
+        self._reject()
+
+    def _reject(self) -> None:
+        self._task = None
+        if self._timeout_handler is not None:
+            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+            self._timeout_handler = None
+
+    def shift(self, delay: float) -> None:
+        """Advance timeout on delay seconds.
+
+        The delay can be negative.
+
+        Raise RuntimeError if shift is called when deadline is not scheduled
+        """
+        deadline = self._deadline
+        if deadline is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot shift timeout if deadline is not scheduled")
+        self.update(deadline + delay)
+
+    def update(self, deadline: float) -> None:
+        """Set deadline to absolute value.
+
+        deadline argument points on the time in the same clock system
+        as loop.time().
+
+        If new deadline is in the past the timeout is raised immediately.
+
+        Please note: it is not POSIX time but a time with
+        undefined starting base, e.g. the time of the system power on.
+        """
+        if self._state == _State.EXIT:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot reschedule after exit from context manager")
+        if self._state == _State.TIMEOUT:
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot reschedule expired timeout")
+        if self._timeout_handler is not None:
+            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+        self._deadline = deadline
+        if self._state != _State.INIT:
+            self._reschedule()
+
+    def _reschedule(self) -> None:
+        assert self._state == _State.ENTER
+        deadline = self._deadline
+        if deadline is None:
+            return
+
+        now = self._loop.time()
+        if self._timeout_handler is not None:
+            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+
+        self._task = asyncio.current_task()
+        if deadline <= now:
+            self._timeout_handler = self._loop.call_soon(self._on_timeout)
+        else:
+            self._timeout_handler = self._loop.call_at(deadline, self._on_timeout)
+
+    def _do_enter(self) -> None:
+        if self._state != _State.INIT:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"invalid state {self._state.value}")
+        self._state = _State.ENTER
+        self._reschedule()
+
+    def _do_exit(self, exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]]) -> None:
+        if exc_type is asyncio.CancelledError and self._state == _State.TIMEOUT:
+            assert self._task is not None
+            _uncancel_task(self._task)
+            self._timeout_handler = None
+            self._task = None
+            raise asyncio.TimeoutError
+        # timeout has not expired
+        self._state = _State.EXIT
+        self._reject()
+        return None
+
+    def _on_timeout(self) -> None:
+        assert self._task is not None
+        self._task.cancel()
+        self._state = _State.TIMEOUT
+        # drop the reference early
+        self._timeout_handler = None
+
+
+# End https://github.com/aio-libs/async-timeout/blob/master/async_timeout/__init__.py
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/client.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05947f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import os
+import socket
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import traceback
+import urllib.parse
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Generator, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, cast
+
+from ..client import ClientProtocol, backoff
+from ..datastructures import HeadersLike
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidProxyMessage,
+    InvalidProxyStatus,
+    InvalidStatus,
+    ProxyError,
+    SecurityError,
+)
+from ..extensions.base import ClientExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_client_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import validate_subprotocols
+from ..http11 import USER_AGENT, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, Event
+from ..proxy import Proxy, get_proxy, parse_proxy, prepare_connect_request
+from ..streams import StreamReader
+from ..typing import LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+from ..uri import WebSocketURI, parse_uri
+from .compatibility import TimeoutError, asyncio_timeout
+from .connection import Connection
+
+
+__all__ = ["connect", "unix_connect", "ClientConnection"]
+
+MAX_REDIRECTS = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_REDIRECTS", "10"))
+
+
+class ClientConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`asyncio` implementation of a WebSocket client connection.
+
+    :class:`ClientConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` coroutines
+    for receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, ``max_queue``,
+    and ``write_limit`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`connect`.
+
+    Args:
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        protocol: ClientProtocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ClientProtocol
+        super().__init__(
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+        )
+        self.response_rcvd: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        async with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+            self.request = self.protocol.connect()
+            if additional_headers is not None:
+                self.request.headers.update(additional_headers)
+            if user_agent_header is not None:
+                self.request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", user_agent_header)
+            self.protocol.send_request(self.request)
+
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [self.response_rcvd, self.connection_lost_waiter],
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a response, when the response cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # response fails the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake response.
+        if self.response is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Response)
+            self.response = event
+            self.response_rcvd.set_result(None)
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+
+def process_exception(exc: Exception) -> Exception | None:
+    """
+    Determine whether a connection error is retryable or fatal.
+
+    When reconnecting automatically with ``async for ... in connect(...)``, if a
+    connection attempt fails, :func:`process_exception` is called to determine
+    whether to retry connecting or to raise the exception.
+
+    This function defines the default behavior, which is to retry on:
+
+    * :exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`asyncio.TimeoutError`: network
+      errors;
+    * :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.InvalidStatus` when the status code is 500,
+      502, 503, or 504: server or proxy errors.
+
+    All other exceptions are considered fatal.
+
+    You can change this behavior with the ``process_exception`` argument of
+    :func:`connect`.
+
+    Return :obj:`None` if the exception is retryable i.e. when the error could
+    be transient and trying to reconnect with the same parameters could succeed.
+    The exception will be logged at the ``INFO`` level.
+
+    Return an exception, either ``exc`` or a new exception, if the exception is
+    fatal i.e. when trying to reconnect will most likely produce the same error.
+    That exception will be raised, breaking out of the retry loop.
+
+    """
+    # This catches python-socks' ProxyConnectionError and ProxyTimeoutError.
+    # Remove asyncio.TimeoutError when dropping Python < 3.11.
+    if isinstance(exc, (OSError, TimeoutError, asyncio.TimeoutError)):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(exc, InvalidMessage) and isinstance(exc.__cause__, EOFError):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(exc, InvalidStatus) and exc.response.status_code in [
+        500,  # Internal Server Error
+        502,  # Bad Gateway
+        503,  # Service Unavailable
+        504,  # Gateway Timeout
+    ]:
+        return None
+    return exc
+
+
+# This is spelled in lower case because it's exposed as a callable in the API.
+class connect:
+    """
+    Connect to the WebSocket server at ``uri``.
+
+    This coroutine returns a :class:`ClientConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    :func:`connect` may be used as an asynchronous context manager::
+
+        from websockets.asyncio.client import connect
+
+        async with connect(...) as websocket:
+            ...
+
+    The connection is closed automatically when exiting the context.
+
+    :func:`connect` can be used as an infinite asynchronous iterator to
+    reconnect automatically on errors::
+
+        async for websocket in connect(...):
+            try:
+                ...
+            except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed:
+                continue
+
+    If the connection fails with a transient error, it is retried with
+    exponential backoff. If it fails with a fatal error, the exception is
+    raised, breaking out of the loop.
+
+    The connection is closed automatically after each iteration of the loop.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header, for servers that require it.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        additional_headers (HeadersLike | None): Arbitrary HTTP headers to add
+            to the handshake request.
+        user_agent_header: Value of  the ``User-Agent`` request header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        proxy: If a proxy is configured, it is used by default. Set ``proxy``
+            to :obj:`None` to disable the proxy or to the address of a proxy
+            to override the system configuration. See the :doc:`proxy docs
+            <../../topics/proxies>` for details.
+        process_exception: When reconnecting automatically, tell whether an
+            error is transient or fatal. The default behavior is defined by
+            :func:`process_exception`. Refer to its documentation for details.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        write_limit: High-water mark of write buffer in bytes. It is passed to
+            :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`. It defaults
+            to 32 KiB. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the
+            high-water and low-water marks.
+        logger: Logger for this client.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ClientConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_connection` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enforce TLS settings.
+      When connecting to a ``wss://`` URI, if ``ssl`` isn't provided, a TLS
+      context is created with :func:`~ssl.create_default_context`.
+
+    * You can set ``server_hostname`` to override the host name from ``uri`` in
+      the TLS handshake.
+
+    * You can set ``host`` and ``port`` to connect to a different host and port
+      from those found in ``uri``. This only changes the destination of the TCP
+      connection. The host name from ``uri`` is still used in the TLS handshake
+      for secure connections and in the ``Host`` header.
+
+    * You can set ``sock`` to provide a preexisting TCP socket. You may call
+      :func:`socket.create_connection` (not to be confused with the event loop's
+      :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_connection` method) to create a suitable
+      client socket and customize it.
+
+    When using a proxy:
+
+    * Prefix keyword arguments with ``proxy_`` for configuring TLS between the
+      client and an HTTPS proxy: ``proxy_ssl``, ``proxy_server_hostname``,
+      ``proxy_ssl_handshake_timeout``, and ``proxy_ssl_shutdown_timeout``.
+    * Use the standard keyword arguments for configuring TLS between the proxy
+      and the WebSocket server: ``ssl``, ``server_hostname``,
+      ``ssl_handshake_timeout``, and ``ssl_shutdown_timeout``.
+    * Other keyword arguments are used only for connecting to the proxy.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+        InvalidProxy: If ``proxy`` isn't a valid proxy.
+        OSError: If the TCP connection fails.
+        InvalidHandshake: If the opening handshake fails.
+        TimeoutError: If the opening handshake times out.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        *,
+        # WebSocket
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        # HTTP
+        additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        proxy: str | Literal[True] | None = True,
+        process_exception: Callable[[Exception], Exception | None] = process_exception,
+        # Timeouts
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        # Limits
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+        # Logging
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+        create_connection: type[ClientConnection] | None = None,
+        # Other keyword arguments are passed to loop.create_connection
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.uri = uri
+
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_client_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.client")
+
+        if create_connection is None:
+            create_connection = ClientConnection
+
+        def protocol_factory(uri: WebSocketURI) -> ClientConnection:
+            # This is a protocol in the Sans-I/O implementation of websockets.
+            protocol = ClientProtocol(
+                uri,
+                origin=origin,
+                extensions=extensions,
+                subprotocols=subprotocols,
+                max_size=max_size,
+                logger=logger,
+            )
+            # This is a connection in websockets and a protocol in asyncio.
+            connection = create_connection(
+                protocol,
+                ping_interval=ping_interval,
+                ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+                close_timeout=close_timeout,
+                max_queue=max_queue,
+                write_limit=write_limit,
+            )
+            return connection
+
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.protocol_factory = protocol_factory
+        self.additional_headers = additional_headers
+        self.user_agent_header = user_agent_header
+        self.process_exception = process_exception
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.connection_kwargs = kwargs
+
+    async def create_connection(self) -> ClientConnection:
+        """Create TCP or Unix connection."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        kwargs = self.connection_kwargs.copy()
+
+        ws_uri = parse_uri(self.uri)
+
+        proxy = self.proxy
+        if kwargs.get("unix", False):
+            proxy = None
+        if kwargs.get("sock") is not None:
+            proxy = None
+        if proxy is True:
+            proxy = get_proxy(ws_uri)
+
+        def factory() -> ClientConnection:
+            return self.protocol_factory(ws_uri)
+
+        if ws_uri.secure:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ssl", True)
+            kwargs.setdefault("server_hostname", ws_uri.host)
+            if kwargs.get("ssl") is None:
+                raise ValueError("ssl=None is incompatible with a wss:// URI")
+        else:
+            if kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+                raise ValueError("ssl argument is incompatible with a ws:// URI")
+
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            _, connection = await loop.create_unix_connection(factory, **kwargs)
+        elif proxy is not None:
+            proxy_parsed = parse_proxy(proxy)
+            if proxy_parsed.scheme[:5] == "socks":
+                # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                sock = await connect_socks_proxy(
+                    proxy_parsed,
+                    ws_uri,
+                    local_addr=kwargs.pop("local_addr", None),
+                )
+                # Initialize WebSocket connection via the proxy.
+                _, connection = await loop.create_connection(
+                    factory,
+                    sock=sock,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+            elif proxy_parsed.scheme[:4] == "http":
+                # Split keyword arguments between the proxy and the server.
+                all_kwargs, proxy_kwargs, kwargs = kwargs, {}, {}
+                for key, value in all_kwargs.items():
+                    if key.startswith("ssl") or key == "server_hostname":
+                        kwargs[key] = value
+                    elif key.startswith("proxy_"):
+                        proxy_kwargs[key[6:]] = value
+                    else:
+                        proxy_kwargs[key] = value
+                # Validate the proxy_ssl argument.
+                if proxy_parsed.scheme == "https":
+                    proxy_kwargs.setdefault("ssl", True)
+                    if proxy_kwargs.get("ssl") is None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "proxy_ssl=None is incompatible with an https:// proxy"
+                        )
+                else:
+                    if proxy_kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "proxy_ssl argument is incompatible with an http:// proxy"
+                        )
+                # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                transport = await connect_http_proxy(
+                    proxy_parsed,
+                    ws_uri,
+                    user_agent_header=self.user_agent_header,
+                    **proxy_kwargs,
+                )
+                # Initialize WebSocket connection via the proxy.
+                connection = factory()
+                transport.set_protocol(connection)
+                ssl = kwargs.pop("ssl", None)
+                if ssl is True:
+                    ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
+                if ssl is not None:
+                    new_transport = await loop.start_tls(
+                        transport, connection, ssl, **kwargs
+                    )
+                    assert new_transport is not None  # help mypy
+                    transport = new_transport
+                connection.connection_made(transport)
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("unsupported proxy")
+        else:
+            # Connect to the server directly.
+            if kwargs.get("sock") is None:
+                kwargs.setdefault("host", ws_uri.host)
+                kwargs.setdefault("port", ws_uri.port)
+            # Initialize WebSocket connection.
+            _, connection = await loop.create_connection(factory, **kwargs)
+        return connection
+
+    def process_redirect(self, exc: Exception) -> Exception | str:
+        """
+        Determine whether a connection error is a redirect that can be followed.
+
+        Return the new URI if it's a valid redirect. Else, return an exception.
+
+        """
+        if not (
+            isinstance(exc, InvalidStatus)
+            and exc.response.status_code
+            in [
+                300,  # Multiple Choices
+                301,  # Moved Permanently
+                302,  # Found
+                303,  # See Other
+                307,  # Temporary Redirect
+                308,  # Permanent Redirect
+            ]
+            and "Location" in exc.response.headers
+        ):
+            return exc
+
+        old_ws_uri = parse_uri(self.uri)
+        new_uri = urllib.parse.urljoin(self.uri, exc.response.headers["Location"])
+        new_ws_uri = parse_uri(new_uri)
+
+        # If connect() received a socket, it is closed and cannot be reused.
+        if self.connection_kwargs.get("sock") is not None:
+            return ValueError(
+                f"cannot follow redirect to {new_uri} with a preexisting socket"
+            )
+
+        # TLS downgrade is forbidden.
+        if old_ws_uri.secure and not new_ws_uri.secure:
+            return SecurityError(f"cannot follow redirect to non-secure URI {new_uri}")
+
+        # Apply restrictions to cross-origin redirects.
+        if (
+            old_ws_uri.secure != new_ws_uri.secure
+            or old_ws_uri.host != new_ws_uri.host
+            or old_ws_uri.port != new_ws_uri.port
+        ):
+            # Cross-origin redirects on Unix sockets don't quite make sense.
+            if self.connection_kwargs.get("unix", False):
+                return ValueError(
+                    f"cannot follow cross-origin redirect to {new_uri} "
+                    f"with a Unix socket"
+                )
+
+            # Cross-origin redirects when host and port are overridden are ill-defined.
+            if (
+                self.connection_kwargs.get("host") is not None
+                or self.connection_kwargs.get("port") is not None
+            ):
+                return ValueError(
+                    f"cannot follow cross-origin redirect to {new_uri} "
+                    f"with an explicit host or port"
+                )
+
+        return new_uri
+
+    # ... = await connect(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, ClientConnection]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> ClientConnection:
+        try:
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+                for _ in range(MAX_REDIRECTS):
+                    self.connection = await self.create_connection()
+                    try:
+                        await self.connection.handshake(
+                            self.additional_headers,
+                            self.user_agent_header,
+                        )
+                    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                        self.connection.transport.abort()
+                        raise
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        # Always close the connection even though keep-alive is
+                        # the default in HTTP/1.1 because create_connection ties
+                        # opening the network connection with initializing the
+                        # protocol. In the current design of connect(), there is
+                        # no easy way to reuse the network connection that works
+                        # in every case nor to reinitialize the protocol.
+                        self.connection.transport.abort()
+
+                        uri_or_exc = self.process_redirect(exc)
+                        # Response is a valid redirect; follow it.
+                        if isinstance(uri_or_exc, str):
+                            self.uri = uri_or_exc
+                            continue
+                        # Response isn't a valid redirect; raise the exception.
+                        if uri_or_exc is exc:
+                            raise
+                        else:
+                            raise uri_or_exc from exc
+
+                    else:
+                        self.connection.start_keepalive()
+                        return self.connection
+                else:
+                    raise SecurityError(f"more than {MAX_REDIRECTS} redirects")
+
+        except TimeoutError as exc:
+            # Re-raise exception with an informative error message.
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out during opening handshake") from exc
+
+    # ... = yield from connect(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+    # async with connect(...) as ...: ...
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> ClientConnection:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.connection.close()
+
+    # async for ... in connect(...):
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[ClientConnection]:
+        delays: Generator[float] | None = None
+        while True:
+            try:
+                async with self as protocol:
+                    yield protocol
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Determine whether the exception is retryable or fatal.
+                # The API of process_exception is "return an exception or None";
+                # "raise an exception" is also supported because it's a frequent
+                # mistake. It isn't documented in order to keep the API simple.
+                try:
+                    new_exc = self.process_exception(exc)
+                except Exception as raised_exc:
+                    new_exc = raised_exc
+
+                # The connection failed with a fatal error.
+                # Raise the exception and exit the loop.
+                if new_exc is exc:
+                    raise
+                if new_exc is not None:
+                    raise new_exc from exc
+
+                # The connection failed with a retryable error.
+                # Start or continue backoff and reconnect.
+                if delays is None:
+                    delays = backoff()
+                delay = next(delays)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "connect failed; reconnecting in %.1f seconds: %s",
+                    delay,
+                    traceback.format_exception_only(exc)[0].strip(),
+                )
+                await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+                continue
+
+            else:
+                # The connection succeeded. Reset backoff.
+                delays = None
+
+
+def unix_connect(
+    path: str | None = None,
+    uri: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> connect:
+    """
+    Connect to a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function accepts the same keyword arguments as :func:`connect`.
+
+    It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's mainly useful for debugging servers listening on Unix sockets.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server. ``uri`` defaults to
+            ``ws://localhost/`` or, when a ``ssl`` argument is provided, to
+            ``wss://localhost/``.
+
+    """
+    if uri is None:
+        if kwargs.get("ssl") is None:
+            uri = "ws://localhost/"
+        else:
+            uri = "wss://localhost/"
+    return connect(uri=uri, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from python_socks import ProxyType
+    from python_socks.async_.asyncio import Proxy as SocksProxy
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    async def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        raise ImportError("connecting through a SOCKS proxy requires python-socks")
+
+else:
+    SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES = {
+        "socks5h": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks5": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks4a": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+        "socks4": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+    }
+
+    SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS = {
+        "socks5h": True,
+        "socks5": False,
+        "socks4a": True,
+        "socks4": False,
+    }
+
+    async def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        """Connect via a SOCKS proxy and return the socket."""
+        socks_proxy = SocksProxy(
+            SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES[proxy.scheme],
+            proxy.host,
+            proxy.port,
+            proxy.username,
+            proxy.password,
+            SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS[proxy.scheme],
+        )
+        # connect() is documented to raise OSError.
+        # socks_proxy.connect() doesn't raise TimeoutError; it gets canceled.
+        # Wrap other exceptions in ProxyError, a subclass of InvalidHandshake.
+        try:
+            return await socks_proxy.connect(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, **kwargs)
+        except OSError:
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ProxyError("failed to connect to SOCKS proxy") from exc
+
+
+class HTTPProxyConnection(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        self.ws_uri = ws_uri
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.user_agent_header = user_agent_header
+
+        self.reader = StreamReader()
+        self.parser = Response.parse(
+            self.reader.read_line,
+            self.reader.read_exact,
+            self.reader.read_to_eof,
+            proxy=True,
+        )
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self.response: asyncio.Future[Response] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def run_parser(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            next(self.parser)
+        except StopIteration as exc:
+            response = exc.value
+            if 200 <= response.status_code < 300:
+                self.response.set_result(response)
+            else:
+                self.response.set_exception(InvalidProxyStatus(response))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            proxy_exc = InvalidProxyMessage(
+                "did not receive a valid HTTP response from proxy"
+            )
+            proxy_exc.__cause__ = exc
+            self.response.set_exception(proxy_exc)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        transport = cast(asyncio.Transport, transport)
+        self.transport = transport
+        self.transport.write(
+            prepare_connect_request(self.proxy, self.ws_uri, self.user_agent_header)
+        )
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+        self.run_parser()
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        self.run_parser()
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        if exc is not None:
+            self.response.set_exception(exc)
+
+
+async def connect_http_proxy(
+    proxy: Proxy,
+    ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> asyncio.Transport:
+    transport, protocol = await asyncio.get_running_loop().create_connection(
+        lambda: HTTPProxyConnection(ws_uri, proxy, user_agent_header),
+        proxy.host,
+        proxy.port,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+
+    try:
+        # This raises exceptions if the connection to the proxy fails.
+        await protocol.response
+    except Exception:
+        transport.close()
+        raise
+
+    return transport
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/compatibility.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/compatibility.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e170000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/compatibility.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+
+__all__ = ["TimeoutError", "aiter", "anext", "asyncio_timeout", "asyncio_timeout_at"]
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
+    TimeoutError = TimeoutError
+    aiter = aiter
+    anext = anext
+    from asyncio import (
+        timeout as asyncio_timeout,  # noqa: F401
+        timeout_at as asyncio_timeout_at,  # noqa: F401
+    )
+
+else:  # Python < 3.11
+    from asyncio import TimeoutError
+
+    def aiter(async_iterable):
+        return type(async_iterable).__aiter__(async_iterable)
+
+    async def anext(async_iterator):
+        return await type(async_iterator).__anext__(async_iterator)
+
+    from .async_timeout import (
+        timeout as asyncio_timeout,  # noqa: F401
+        timeout_at as asyncio_timeout_at,  # noqa: F401
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205a2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1247 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import collections
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import random
+import struct
+import sys
+import traceback
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterable, Mapping
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConcurrencyError,
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..frames import DATA_OPCODES, CloseCode, Frame, Opcode
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CLOSED, OPEN, Event, Protocol, State
+from ..typing import BytesLike, Data, DataLike, LoggerLike, Subprotocol
+from .compatibility import (
+    TimeoutError,
+    aiter,
+    anext,
+    asyncio_timeout,
+    asyncio_timeout_at,
+)
+from .messages import Assembler
+
+
+__all__ = ["Connection"]
+
+
+class Connection(asyncio.Protocol):
+    """
+    :mod:`asyncio` implementation of a WebSocket connection.
+
+    :class:`Connection` provides APIs shared between WebSocket servers and
+    clients.
+
+    You shouldn't use it directly. Instead, use
+    :class:`~websockets.asyncio.client.ClientConnection` or
+    :class:`~websockets.asyncio.server.ServerConnection`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        protocol: Protocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.ping_interval = ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = ping_timeout
+        self.close_timeout = close_timeout
+        if isinstance(max_queue, int) or max_queue is None:
+            self.max_queue_high, self.max_queue_low = max_queue, None
+        else:
+            self.max_queue_high, self.max_queue_low = max_queue
+        if isinstance(write_limit, int):
+            self.write_limit_high, self.write_limit_low = write_limit, None
+        else:
+            self.write_limit_high, self.write_limit_low = write_limit
+
+        # Inject reference to this instance in the protocol's logger.
+        self.protocol.logger = logging.LoggerAdapter(
+            self.protocol.logger,
+            {"websocket": self},
+        )
+
+        # Copy attributes from the protocol for convenience.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = self.protocol.id
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = self.protocol.logger
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+        self.debug = self.protocol.debug
+
+        # HTTP handshake request and response.
+        self.request: Request | None = None
+        """Opening handshake request."""
+        self.response: Response | None = None
+        """Opening handshake response."""
+
+        # Event loop running this connection.
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+        # Assembler turning frames into messages and serializing reads.
+        self.recv_messages: Assembler  # initialized in connection_made
+
+        # Deadline for the closing handshake.
+        self.close_deadline: float | None = None
+
+        # Whether we are busy sending a fragmented message.
+        self.send_in_progress: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # Mapping of ping IDs to pong waiters, in chronological order.
+        self.pending_pings: dict[bytes, tuple[asyncio.Future[float], float]] = {}
+
+        self.latency: float = 0.0
+        """
+        Latency of the connection, in seconds.
+
+        Latency is defined as the round-trip time of the connection. It is
+        measured by sending a Ping frame and waiting for a matching Pong frame.
+        Before the first measurement, :attr:`latency` is ``0.0``.
+
+        By default, websockets enables a :ref:`keepalive <keepalive>` mechanism
+        that sends Ping frames automatically at regular intervals. You can also
+        send Ping frames and measure latency with :meth:`ping`.
+        """
+
+        # Task that sends keepalive pings. None when ping_interval is None.
+        self.keepalive_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+
+        # Exception raised while reading from the connection, to be chained to
+        # ConnectionClosed in order to show why the TCP connection dropped.
+        self.recv_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the TCP connection is closed and the WebSocket
+        # connection state becomes CLOSED.
+        self.connection_lost_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.FlowControlMixin.
+        self.paused: bool = False
+        self.drain_waiters: collections.deque[asyncio.Future[None]] = (
+            collections.deque()
+        )
+
+    # Public attributes
+
+    @property
+    def local_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Local address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`.
+
+        """
+        return self.transport.get_extra_info("sockname")
+
+    @property
+    def remote_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Remote address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`.
+
+        """
+        return self.transport.get_extra_info("peername")
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> State:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should call :meth:`~recv` or
+        :meth:`send` and handle :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`
+        exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.state
+
+    @property
+    def subprotocol(self) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Subprotocol negotiated during the opening handshake.
+
+        :obj:`None` if no subprotocol was negotiated.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.subprotocol
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_reason
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Connection:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            await self.close()
+        else:
+            await self.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Iterate on incoming messages.
+
+        The iterator calls :meth:`recv` and yields messages asynchronously in an
+        infinite loop.
+
+        It exits when the connection is closed normally. It raises a
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` exception after a
+        protocol error or a network failure.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return
+
+    @overload
+    async def recv(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def recv(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def recv(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data: ...
+
+    async def recv(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Receive the next message.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`recv` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal closure
+        and :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure. This is how you detect the end of the
+        message stream.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`recv` is safe. There's no risk of losing data. The next
+        invocation of :meth:`recv` will return the next message.
+
+        This makes it possible to enforce a timeout by wrapping :meth:`recv` in
+        :func:`~asyncio.timeout` or :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`.
+
+        When the message is fragmented, :meth:`recv` waits until all fragments
+        are received, reassembles them, and returns the whole message.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            A string (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or a bytestring
+            (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              return a bytestring (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed, for example if the message contains
+              JSON and you're using a JSON library that expects a bytestring.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              return strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return await self.recv_messages.get(decode)
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv while another coroutine "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            async with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> AsyncIterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]: ...
+
+    async def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Receive the next message frame by frame.
+
+        This method is designed for receiving fragmented messages. It returns an
+        asynchronous iterator that yields each fragment as it is received. This
+        iterator must be fully consumed. Else, future calls to :meth:`recv` or
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` will raise
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConcurrencyError`, making the connection
+        unusable.
+
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` raises the same exceptions as :meth:`recv`.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`recv_streaming` before receiving the first frame is
+        safe. Canceling it after receiving one or more frames leaves the
+        iterator in a partially consumed state, making the connection unusable.
+        Instead, you should close the connection with :meth:`close`.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            An iterator of strings (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or
+            bytestrings (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              yield bytestrings (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              yield strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            async for frame in self.recv_messages.get_iter(decode):
+                yield frame
+            return
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv_streaming while another coroutine "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            async with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        message: DataLike | Iterable[DataLike] | AsyncIterable[DataLike],
+        text: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a message.
+
+        A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or
+        bytes-like object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or
+        :class:`memoryview`) is sent as a Binary_ frame.
+
+        .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+        .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        You may override this behavior with the ``text`` argument:
+
+        * Set ``text=True`` to send an UTF-8 bytestring or bytes-like object
+          (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) in a
+          Text_ frame. This improves performance when the message is already
+          UTF-8 encoded, for example if the message contains JSON and you're
+          using a JSON library that produces a bytestring.
+        * Set ``text=False`` to send a string (:class:`str`) in a Binary_
+          frame. This may be useful for servers that expect binary frames
+          instead of text frames.
+
+        :meth:`send` also accepts an iterable or asynchronous iterable of
+        strings, bytestrings, or bytes-like objects to enable fragmentation_.
+        Each item is treated as a message fragment and sent in its own frame.
+        All items must be of the same type, or else :meth:`send` will raise a
+        :exc:`TypeError` and the connection will be closed.
+
+        .. _fragmentation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.4
+
+        :meth:`send` rejects dict-like objects because this is often an error.
+        (If you really want to send the keys of a dict-like object as fragments,
+        call its :meth:`~dict.keys` method and pass the result to :meth:`send`.)
+
+        Canceling :meth:`send` is discouraged. Instead, you should close the
+        connection with :meth:`close`. Indeed, there are only two situations
+        where :meth:`send` may yield control to the event loop and then get
+        canceled; in both cases, :meth:`close` has the same effect and the
+        effect is more obvious:
+
+        1. The write buffer is full. If you don't want to wait until enough
+           data is sent, your only alternative is to close the connection.
+           :meth:`close` will likely time out then abort the TCP connection.
+        2. ``message`` is an asynchronous iterator that yields control.
+           Stopping in the middle of a fragmented message will cause a
+           protocol error and the connection will be closed.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`send` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it
+        raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to send.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+        """
+        # While sending a fragmented message, prevent sending other messages
+        # until all fragments are sent.
+        while self.send_in_progress is not None:
+            await asyncio.shield(self.send_in_progress)
+
+        # Unfragmented message -- this case must be handled first because
+        # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
+
+        if isinstance(message, str):
+            async with self.send_context():
+                if text is False:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message.encode())
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        elif isinstance(message, BytesLike):
+            async with self.send_context():
+                if text is True:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message)
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message)
+
+        # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError("data is a dict-like object")
+
+        # Fragmented message -- regular iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Iterable):
+            chunks = iter(message)
+            try:
+                chunk = next(chunks)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+
+            assert self.send_in_progress is None
+            self.send_in_progress = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                    async with self.send_context():
+                        if text is False:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    encode = True
+                elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike):
+                    async with self.send_context():
+                        if text is True:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk, fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk, fin=False)
+                    encode = False
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("iterable must contain bytes or str")
+
+                # Other fragments
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str) and encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike) and not encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        raise TypeError("iterable must contain uniform types")
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.send_continuation(b"", fin=True)
+
+            except Exception:
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "error in fragmented message",
+                    )
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self.send_in_progress.set_result(None)
+                self.send_in_progress = None
+
+        # Fragmented message -- async iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, AsyncIterable):
+            achunks = aiter(message)
+            try:
+                chunk = await anext(achunks)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                return
+
+            assert self.send_in_progress is None
+            self.send_in_progress = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                    if text is False:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    encode = True
+                elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike):
+                    if text is True:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk, fin=False)
+                    encode = False
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("async iterable must contain bytes or str")
+
+                # Other fragments
+                async for chunk in achunks:
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str) and encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike) and not encode:
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        raise TypeError("async iterable must contain uniform types")
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.send_continuation(b"", fin=True)
+
+            except Exception:
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                async with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "error in fragmented message",
+                    )
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self.send_in_progress.set_result(None)
+                self.send_in_progress = None
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str, bytes, iterable, or async iterable")
+
+    async def close(
+        self,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the closing handshake.
+
+        :meth:`close` waits for the other end to complete the handshake and
+        for the TCP connection to terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent: it doesn't do anything once the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        Args:
+            code: WebSocket close code.
+            reason: WebSocket close reason.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            # The context manager takes care of waiting for the TCP connection
+            # to terminate after calling a method that sends a close frame.
+            async with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress is not None:
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "close during fragmented message",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_close(code, reason)
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            # Ignore ConnectionClosed exceptions raised from send_context().
+            # They mean that the connection is closed, which was the goal.
+            pass
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the connection is closed.
+
+        :meth:`wait_closed` waits for the closing handshake to complete and for
+        the TCP connection to terminate.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+
+    async def ping(self, data: DataLike | None = None) -> Awaitable[float]:
+        """
+        Send a Ping_.
+
+        .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        A ping may serve as a keepalive or as a check that the remote endpoint
+        received all messages up to this point
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the ping. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+                If ``data`` is :obj:`None`, the payload is four random bytes.
+
+        Returns:
+            A future that will be completed when the corresponding pong is
+            received. You can ignore it if you don't intend to wait. The result
+            of the future is the latency of the connection in seconds.
+
+            ::
+
+                pong_received = await ws.ping()
+                # only if you want to wait for the corresponding pong
+                latency = await pong_received
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If another ping was sent with the same data and
+                the corresponding pong wasn't received yet.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        elif data is not None:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        async with self.send_context():
+            # Protect against duplicates if a payload is explicitly set.
+            if data in self.pending_pings:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("already waiting for a pong with the same data")
+
+            # Generate a unique random payload otherwise.
+            while data is None or data in self.pending_pings:
+                data = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+
+            pong_received = self.loop.create_future()
+            ping_timestamp = self.loop.time()
+            # The event loop's default clock is time.monotonic(). Its resolution
+            # is a bit low on Windows (~16ms). This is improved in Python 3.13.
+            self.pending_pings[data] = (pong_received, ping_timestamp)
+            self.protocol.send_ping(data)
+            return pong_received
+
+    async def pong(self, data: DataLike = b"") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Pong_.
+
+        .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        An unsolicited pong may serve as a unidirectional heartbeat.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the pong. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        async with self.send_context():
+            self.protocol.send_pong(data)
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        This method is overridden in subclasses to handle the handshake.
+
+        """
+        assert isinstance(event, Frame)
+        if event.opcode in DATA_OPCODES:
+            self.recv_messages.put(event)
+
+        if event.opcode is Opcode.PONG:
+            self.acknowledge_pings(bytes(event.data))
+
+    def acknowledge_pings(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Acknowledge pings when receiving a pong.
+
+        """
+        # Ignore unsolicited pong.
+        if data not in self.pending_pings:
+            return
+
+        pong_timestamp = self.loop.time()
+
+        # Sending a pong for only the most recent ping is legal.
+        # Acknowledge all previous pings too in that case.
+        ping_id = None
+        ping_ids = []
+        for ping_id, (pong_received, ping_timestamp) in self.pending_pings.items():
+            ping_ids.append(ping_id)
+            latency = pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp
+            if not pong_received.done():
+                pong_received.set_result(latency)
+            if ping_id == data:
+                self.latency = latency
+                break
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError("solicited pong not found in pings")
+
+        # Remove acknowledged pings from self.pending_pings.
+        for ping_id in ping_ids:
+            del self.pending_pings[ping_id]
+
+    def terminate_pending_pings(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Raise ConnectionClosed in pending pings when the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+        exc = self.protocol.close_exc
+
+        for pong_received, _ping_timestamp in self.pending_pings.values():
+            if not pong_received.done():
+                pong_received.set_exception(exc)
+            # If the exception is never retrieved, it will be logged when ping
+            # is garbage-collected. This is confusing for users.
+            # Given that ping is done (with an exception), canceling it does
+            # nothing, but it prevents logging the exception.
+            pong_received.cancel()
+
+        self.pending_pings.clear()
+
+    async def keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Ping frame and wait for a Pong frame at regular intervals.
+
+        """
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        latency = 0.0
+        try:
+            while True:
+                # If self.ping_timeout > latency > self.ping_interval,
+                # pings will be sent immediately after receiving pongs.
+                # The period will be longer than self.ping_interval.
+                await asyncio.sleep(self.ping_interval - latency)
+
+                # This cannot raise ConnectionClosed when the connection is
+                # closing because ping(), via send_context(), waits for the
+                # connection to be closed before raising ConnectionClosed.
+                # However, connection_lost() cancels keepalive_task before
+                # it gets a chance to resume excuting.
+                pong_received = await self.ping()
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("% sent keepalive ping")
+
+                if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+                    try:
+                        async with asyncio_timeout(self.ping_timeout):
+                            # connection_lost cancels keepalive immediately
+                            # after setting a ConnectionClosed exception on
+                            # pong_received. A CancelledError is raised here,
+                            # not a ConnectionClosed exception.
+                            latency = await pong_received
+                            if self.debug:
+                                self.logger.debug("% received keepalive pong")
+                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for keepalive pong")
+                        async with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.fail(
+                                CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                "keepalive ping timeout",
+                            )
+                        raise AssertionError(
+                            "send_context() should wait for connection_lost(), "
+                            "which cancels keepalive()"
+                        )
+        except Exception:
+            self.logger.error("keepalive ping failed", exc_info=True)
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run :meth:`keepalive` in a task, unless keepalive is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self.ping_interval is not None:
+            self.keepalive_task = self.loop.create_task(self.keepalive())
+
+    @contextlib.asynccontextmanager
+    async def send_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        expected_state: State = OPEN,  # CONNECTING during the opening handshake
+    ) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
+        """
+        Create a context for writing to the connection from user code.
+
+        On entry, :meth:`send_context` checks that the connection is open; on
+        exit, it writes outgoing data to the socket::
+
+            async with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        When the connection isn't open on entry, when the connection is expected
+        to close on exit, or when an unexpected error happens, terminating the
+        connection, :meth:`send_context` waits until the connection is closed
+        then raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        """
+        # Should we wait until the connection is closed?
+        wait_for_close = False
+        # Should we close the transport and raise ConnectionClosed?
+        raise_close_exc = False
+        # What exception should we chain ConnectionClosed to?
+        original_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        if self.protocol.state is expected_state:
+            # Let the caller interact with the protocol.
+            try:
+                yield
+            except (ProtocolError, ConcurrencyError):
+                # The protocol state wasn't changed. Exit immediately.
+                raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                self.logger.error("unexpected internal error", exc_info=True)
+                # This branch should never run. It's a safety net in case of
+                # bugs. Since we don't know what happened, we will close the
+                # connection and raise the exception to the caller.
+                wait_for_close = False
+                raise_close_exc = True
+                original_exc = exc
+            else:
+                # Check if the connection is expected to close soon.
+                if self.protocol.close_expected():
+                    wait_for_close = True
+                    # Set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+                    # Since we tested earlier that protocol.state is OPEN
+                    # (or CONNECTING), self.close_deadline is still None.
+                    assert self.close_deadline is None
+                    if self.close_timeout is not None:
+                        self.close_deadline = self.loop.time() + self.close_timeout
+                # Write outgoing data to the socket with flow control.
+                try:
+                    self.send_data()
+                    await self.drain()
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "! error while sending data",
+                            exc_info=True,
+                        )
+                    # While the only expected exception here is OSError,
+                    # other exceptions would be treated identically.
+                    wait_for_close = False
+                    raise_close_exc = True
+                    original_exc = exc
+
+        else:  # self.protocol.state is not expected_state
+            # Minor layering violation: we assume that the connection
+            # will be closing soon if it isn't in the expected state.
+            wait_for_close = True
+            # Calculate close_deadline if it wasn't set yet.
+            if self.close_deadline is None:
+                if self.close_timeout is not None:
+                    self.close_deadline = self.loop.time() + self.close_timeout
+            raise_close_exc = True
+
+        # If the connection is expected to close soon and the close timeout
+        # elapses, close the socket to terminate the connection.
+        if wait_for_close:
+            try:
+                async with asyncio_timeout_at(self.close_deadline):
+                    await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                # There's no risk of overwriting another error because
+                # original_exc is never set when wait_for_close is True.
+                assert original_exc is None
+                original_exc = TimeoutError("timed out while closing connection")
+                # Set recv_exc before closing the transport in order to get
+                # proper exception reporting.
+                raise_close_exc = True
+                self.set_recv_exc(original_exc)
+
+        # If an error occurred, close the transport to terminate the connection and
+        # raise an exception.
+        if raise_close_exc:
+            self.transport.abort()
+            # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+            await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+            raise self.protocol.close_exc from original_exc
+
+    def send_data(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send outgoing data.
+
+        """
+        for data in self.protocol.data_to_send():
+            if data:
+                self.transport.write(data)
+            else:
+                # Half-close the TCP connection when possible i.e. no TLS.
+                if self.transport.can_write_eof():
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("x half-closing TCP connection")
+                    # write_eof() doesn't document which exceptions it raises.
+                    # OSError is plausible. uvloop can raise RuntimeError here.
+                    try:
+                        self.transport.write_eof()
+                    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                        pass
+                # Else, close the TCP connection.
+                else:  # pragma: no cover
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("x closing TCP connection")
+                    self.transport.close()
+
+    def set_recv_exc(self, exc: BaseException | None) -> None:
+        """
+        Set recv_exc, if not set yet.
+
+        This method must be called only from connection callbacks.
+
+        """
+        if self.recv_exc is None:
+            self.recv_exc = exc
+
+    # asyncio.Protocol methods
+
+    # Connection callbacks
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        transport = cast(asyncio.Transport, transport)
+        self.recv_messages = Assembler(
+            self.max_queue_high,
+            self.max_queue_low,
+            pause=transport.pause_reading,
+            resume=transport.resume_reading,
+        )
+        transport.set_write_buffer_limits(
+            self.write_limit_high,
+            self.write_limit_low,
+        )
+        self.transport = transport
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        # Calling protocol.receive_eof() is safe because it's idempotent.
+        # This guarantees that the protocol state becomes CLOSED.
+        self.protocol.receive_eof()
+        assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+
+        self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+
+        # Abort recv() and pending pings with a ConnectionClosed exception.
+        self.recv_messages.close()
+        self.terminate_pending_pings()
+
+        if self.keepalive_task is not None:
+            self.keepalive_task.cancel()
+
+        # If self.connection_lost_waiter isn't pending, that's a bug, because:
+        # - it's set only here in connection_lost() which is called only once;
+        # - it must never be canceled.
+        self.connection_lost_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        if self.paused:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.paused = False
+            for waiter in self.drain_waiters:
+                if not waiter.done():
+                    if exc is None:
+                        waiter.set_result(None)
+                    else:
+                        waiter.set_exception(exc)
+
+    # Flow control callbacks
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        assert not self.paused
+        self.paused = True
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        assert self.paused
+        self.paused = False
+        for waiter in self.drain_waiters:
+            if not waiter.done():
+                waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    async def drain(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        # We don't check if the connection is closed because we call drain()
+        # immediately after write() and write() would fail in that case.
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.StreamWriter
+        # Yield to the event loop so that connection_lost() may be called.
+        if self.transport.is_closing():
+            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        # Adapted from asyncio.streams.FlowControlMixin
+        if self.paused:
+            waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            self.drain_waiters.append(waiter)
+            try:
+                await waiter
+            finally:
+                self.drain_waiters.remove(waiter)
+
+    # Streaming protocol callbacks
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        # Feed incoming data to the protocol.
+        self.protocol.receive_data(data)
+
+        # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+        events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+        # Write outgoing data to the transport.
+        try:
+            self.send_data()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! error while sending data", exc_info=True)
+            self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+
+        # If needed, set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+        if self.protocol.close_expected():
+            if self.close_deadline is None:
+                if self.close_timeout is not None:
+                    self.close_deadline = self.loop.time() + self.close_timeout
+
+        # If self.send_data raised an exception, then events are lost.
+        # Given that automatic responses write small amounts of data,
+        # this should be uncommon, so we don't handle the edge case.
+
+        for event in events:
+            # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+            self.process_event(event)
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        # Feed the end of the data stream to the protocol.
+        self.protocol.receive_eof()
+
+        # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+        events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+        # There is no error handling because send_data() can only write
+        # the end of the data stream and it handles errors by itself.
+        self.send_data()
+
+        # This code path is triggered when receiving an HTTP response
+        # without a Content-Length header. This is the only case where
+        # reading until EOF generates an event; all other events have
+        # a known length. Ignore for coverage measurement because tests
+        # are in test_client.py rather than test_connection.py.
+        for event in events:  # pragma: no cover
+            # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+            self.process_event(event)
+
+        # The WebSocket protocol has its own closing handshake: endpoints close
+        # the TCP or TLS connection after sending and receiving a close frame.
+        # As a consequence, they never need to write after receiving EOF, so
+        # there's no reason to keep the transport open by returning True.
+        # Besides, that doesn't work on TLS connections.
+
+
+# broadcast() is defined in the connection module even though it's primarily
+# used by servers and documented in the server module because it works with
+# client connections too and because it's easier to test together with the
+# Connection class.
+
+
+def broadcast(
+    connections: Iterable[Connection],
+    message: DataLike,
+    raise_exceptions: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Broadcast a message to several WebSocket connections.
+
+    A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or bytes-like
+    object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) is sent
+    as a Binary_ frame.
+
+    .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+    .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+    :func:`broadcast` pushes the message synchronously to all connections even
+    if their write buffers are overflowing. There's no backpressure.
+
+    If you broadcast messages faster than a connection can handle them, messages
+    will pile up in its write buffer until the connection times out. Keep
+    ``ping_interval`` and ``ping_timeout`` low to prevent excessive memory usage
+    from slow connections.
+
+    Unlike :meth:`~websockets.asyncio.connection.Connection.send`,
+    :func:`broadcast` doesn't support sending fragmented messages. Indeed,
+    fragmentation is useful for sending large messages without buffering them in
+    memory, while :func:`broadcast` buffers one copy per connection as fast as
+    possible.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` skips connections that aren't open in order to avoid
+    errors on connections where the closing handshake is in progress.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` ignores failures to write the message on some connections.
+    It continues writing to other connections. On Python 3.11 and above, you may
+    set ``raise_exceptions`` to :obj:`True` to record failures and raise all
+    exceptions in a :pep:`654` :exc:`ExceptionGroup`.
+
+    While :func:`broadcast` makes more sense for servers, it works identically
+    with clients, if you have a use case for opening connections to many servers
+    and broadcasting a message to them.
+
+    Args:
+        websockets: WebSocket connections to which the message will be sent.
+        message: Message to send.
+        raise_exceptions: Whether to raise an exception in case of failures.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(message, str):
+        send_method = "send_text"
+        message = message.encode()
+    elif isinstance(message, BytesLike):
+        send_method = "send_binary"
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes")
+
+    if raise_exceptions:
+        if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("raise_exceptions requires at least Python 3.11")
+        exceptions: list[Exception] = []
+
+    for connection in connections:
+        exception: Exception
+
+        if connection.protocol.state is not OPEN:
+            continue
+
+        if connection.send_in_progress is not None:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = ConcurrencyError("sending a fragmented message")
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                connection.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: sending a fragmented message",
+                )
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            # Call connection.protocol.send_text or send_binary.
+            # Either way, message is already converted to bytes.
+            getattr(connection.protocol, send_method)(message)
+            connection.send_data()
+        except Exception as write_exception:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = RuntimeError("failed to write message")
+                exception.__cause__ = write_exception
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                connection.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: failed to write message: %s",
+                    traceback.format_exception_only(write_exception)[0].strip(),
+                )
+
+    if raise_exceptions and exceptions:
+        raise ExceptionGroup("skipped broadcast", exceptions)
+
+
+# Pretend that broadcast is actually defined in the server module.
+broadcast.__module__ = "websockets.asyncio.server"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/messages.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f27cb2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/messages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import codecs
+import collections
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import ConcurrencyError
+from ..frames import OP_BINARY, OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, Frame
+from ..typing import Data
+
+
+__all__ = ["Assembler"]
+
+UTF8Decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class SimpleQueue(Generic[T]):
+    """
+    Simplified version of :class:`asyncio.Queue`.
+
+    Provides only the subset of functionality needed by :class:`Assembler`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self.get_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+        self.queue: collections.deque[T] = collections.deque()
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self.queue)
+
+    def put(self, item: T) -> None:
+        """Put an item into the queue."""
+        self.queue.append(item)
+        if self.get_waiter is not None and not self.get_waiter.done():
+            self.get_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    async def get(self, block: bool = True) -> T:
+        """Remove and return an item from the queue, waiting if necessary."""
+        if not self.queue:
+            if not block:
+                raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+            assert self.get_waiter is None, "cannot call get() concurrently"
+            self.get_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                await self.get_waiter
+            finally:
+                self.get_waiter.cancel()
+                self.get_waiter = None
+        return self.queue.popleft()
+
+    def reset(self, items: Iterable[T]) -> None:
+        """Put back items into an empty, idle queue."""
+        assert self.get_waiter is None, "cannot reset() while get() is running"
+        assert not self.queue, "cannot reset() while queue isn't empty"
+        self.queue.extend(items)
+
+    def abort(self) -> None:
+        """Close the queue, raising EOFError in get() if necessary."""
+        if self.get_waiter is not None and not self.get_waiter.done():
+            self.get_waiter.set_exception(EOFError("stream of frames ended"))
+
+
+class Assembler:
+    """
+    Assemble messages from frames.
+
+    :class:`Assembler` expects only data frames. The stream of frames must
+    respect the protocol; if it doesn't, the behavior is undefined.
+
+    Args:
+        pause: Called when the buffer of frames goes above the high water mark;
+            should pause reading from the network.
+        resume: Called when the buffer of frames goes below the low water mark;
+            should resume reading from the network.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        high: int | None = None,
+        low: int | None = None,
+        pause: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+        resume: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Queue of incoming frames.
+        self.frames: SimpleQueue[Frame] = SimpleQueue()
+
+        # We cannot put a hard limit on the size of the queue because a single
+        # call to Protocol.data_received() could produce thousands of frames,
+        # which must be buffered. Instead, we pause reading when the buffer goes
+        # above the high limit and we resume when it goes under the low limit.
+        if high is not None and low is None:
+            low = high // 4
+        if high is None and low is not None:
+            high = low * 4
+        if high is not None and low is not None:
+            if low < 0:
+                raise ValueError("low must be positive or equal to zero")
+            if high < low:
+                raise ValueError("high must be greater than or equal to low")
+        self.high, self.low = high, low
+        self.pause = pause
+        self.resume = resume
+        self.paused = False
+
+        # This flag prevents concurrent calls to get() by user code.
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This flag marks the end of the connection.
+        self.closed = False
+
+    @overload
+    async def get(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def get(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def get(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data: ...
+
+    async def get(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Read the next message.
+
+        :meth:`get` returns a single :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`.
+
+        If the message is fragmented, :meth:`get` waits until the last frame is
+        received, then it reassembles the message and returns it. To receive
+        messages frame by frame, use :meth:`get_iter` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        if self.get_in_progress:
+            raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+        self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get() fetches a complete message or is canceled.
+
+        try:
+            # Fetch the first frame.
+            frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+            self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+            if decode is None:
+                decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+            frames = [frame]
+
+            # Fetch subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+            while not frame.fin:
+                try:
+                    frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    # Put frames already received back into the queue
+                    # so that future calls to get() can return them.
+                    self.frames.reset(frames)
+                    raise
+                self.maybe_resume()
+                assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+                frames.append(frame)
+
+        finally:
+            self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This converts frame.data to bytes when it's a bytearray.
+        data = b"".join(frame.data for frame in frames)
+        if decode:
+            return data.decode()
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> AsyncIterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]: ...
+
+    async def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Stream the next message.
+
+        Iterating the return value of :meth:`get_iter` asynchronously yields a
+        :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` for each frame in the message.
+
+        The iterator must be fully consumed before calling :meth:`get_iter` or
+        :meth:`get` again. Else, :exc:`ConcurrencyError` is raised.
+
+        This method only makes sense for fragmented messages. If messages aren't
+        fragmented, use :meth:`get` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        if self.get_in_progress:
+            raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+        self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get_iter() fetches a complete message or is canceled.
+
+        # If get_iter() raises an exception e.g. in decoder.decode(),
+        # get_in_progress remains set and the connection becomes unusable.
+
+        # Yield the first frame.
+        try:
+            frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            self.get_in_progress = False
+            raise
+        self.maybe_resume()
+        assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+        if decode is None:
+            decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+        if decode:
+            decoder = UTF8Decoder()
+            yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+        else:
+            # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+            yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        # Yield subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+        while not frame.fin:
+            # We cannot handle asyncio.CancelledError because we don't buffer
+            # previous fragments — we're streaming them. Canceling get_iter()
+            # here will leave the assembler in a stuck state. Future calls to
+            # get() or get_iter() will raise ConcurrencyError.
+            frame = await self.frames.get(not self.closed)
+            self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+            if decode:
+                yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+            else:
+                # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+                yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+    def put(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """
+        Add ``frame`` to the next message.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+
+        self.frames.put(frame)
+        self.maybe_pause()
+
+    def maybe_pause(self) -> None:
+        """Pause the writer if queue is above the high water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.high is None:
+            return
+
+        # Check for "> high" to support high = 0.
+        if len(self.frames) > self.high and not self.paused:
+            self.paused = True
+            self.pause()
+
+    def maybe_resume(self) -> None:
+        """Resume the writer if queue is below the low water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.low is None:
+            return
+
+        # Check for "<= low" to support low = 0.
+        if len(self.frames) <= self.low and self.paused:
+            self.paused = False
+            self.resume()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        End the stream of frames.
+
+        Calling :meth:`close` concurrently with :meth:`get`, :meth:`get_iter`,
+        or :meth:`put` is safe. They will raise :exc:`EOFError`.
+
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+
+        self.closed = True
+
+        # Unblock get() or get_iter().
+        self.frames.abort()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/router.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/router.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d2a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/router.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Literal
+
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from .server import Server, ServerConnection, serve
+
+
+__all__ = ["route", "unix_route", "Router"]
+
+
+try:
+    from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
+    from werkzeug.routing import Map, RequestRedirect
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        raise ImportError("route() requires werkzeug")
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        raise ImportError("unix_route() requires werkzeug")
+
+else:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        This feature requires the third-party library `werkzeug`_:
+
+        .. code-block:: console
+
+            $ pip install werkzeug
+
+        .. _werkzeug: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
+
+        :func:`route` accepts the same arguments as
+        :func:`~websockets.sync.server.serve`, except as described below.
+
+        The first argument is a :class:`werkzeug.routing.Map` that maps URL patterns
+        to connection handlers. In addition to the connection, handlers receive
+        parameters captured in the URL as keyword arguments.
+
+        Here's an example::
+
+
+            from websockets.asyncio.router import route
+            from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
+
+            async def channel_handler(websocket, channel_id):
+                ...
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule("/channel/<uuid:channel_id>", endpoint=channel_handler),
+                ...
+            ])
+
+            # set this future to exit the server
+            stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+            async with route(url_map, ...) as server:
+                await stop
+
+
+        Refer to the documentation of :mod:`werkzeug.routing` for details.
+
+        If you define redirects with ``Rule(..., redirect_to=...)`` in the URL map,
+        when the server runs behind a reverse proxy that modifies the ``Host``
+        header or terminates TLS, you need additional configuration:
+
+        * Set ``server_name`` to the name of the server as seen by clients. When
+          not provided, websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+
+        * Set ``ssl=True`` to generate ``wss://`` URIs without enabling TLS.
+          Under the hood, this bind the URL map with a ``url_scheme`` of
+          ``wss://`` instead of ``ws://``.
+
+        There is no need to specify ``websocket=True`` in each rule. It is added
+        automatically.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            server_name: Name of the server as seen by clients. If :obj:`None`,
+                websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+            ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection. Set it to
+                :obj:`True` if a reverse proxy terminates TLS connections.
+            create_router: Factory for the :class:`Router` dispatching requests to
+                handlers. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize routing.
+
+        """
+        url_scheme = "ws" if ssl is None else "wss"
+        if ssl is not True and ssl is not None:
+            kwargs["ssl"] = ssl
+
+        if create_router is None:
+            create_router = Router
+
+        router = create_router(url_map, server_name, url_scheme)
+
+        _process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = kwargs.pop("process_request", None)
+        if _process_request is None:
+            process_request: Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ] = router.route_request
+        else:
+
+            async def process_request(
+                connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+            ) -> Response | None:
+                response = _process_request(connection, request)
+                if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                    response = await response
+                if response is not None:
+                    return response
+                return router.route_request(connection, request)
+
+        return serve(router.handler, *args, process_request=process_request, **kwargs)
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket Unix server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        :func:`unix_route` combines the behaviors of :func:`route` and
+        :func:`~websockets.asyncio.server.unix_serve`.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+        """
+        return route(url_map, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Router:
+    """WebSocket router supporting :func:`route`."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url_map: Map,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        url_scheme: str = "ws",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.url_map = url_map
+        self.server_name = server_name
+        self.url_scheme = url_scheme
+        for rule in self.url_map.iter_rules():
+            rule.websocket = True
+
+    def get_server_name(self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request) -> str:
+        if self.server_name is None:
+            return request.headers["Host"]
+        else:
+            return self.server_name
+
+    def redirect(self, connection: ServerConnection, url: str) -> Response:
+        response = connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.FOUND, f"Found at {url}")
+        response.headers["Location"] = url
+        return response
+
+    def not_found(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> Response:
+        return connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "Not Found")
+
+    def route_request(
+        self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """Route incoming request."""
+        url_map_adapter = self.url_map.bind(
+            server_name=self.get_server_name(connection, request),
+            url_scheme=self.url_scheme,
+        )
+        try:
+            parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(request.path)
+            handler, kwargs = url_map_adapter.match(
+                path_info=parsed.path,
+                query_args=parsed.query,
+            )
+        except RequestRedirect as redirect:
+            return self.redirect(connection, redirect.new_url)
+        except NotFound:
+            return self.not_found(connection)
+        connection.handler, connection.handler_kwargs = handler, kwargs
+        return None
+
+    async def handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """Handle a connection."""
+        return await connection.handler(connection, **connection.handler_kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/server.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef9bd80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/asyncio/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import hmac
+import http
+import logging
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping, cast
+
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from ..extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_server_permessage_deflate
+from ..frames import CloseCode
+from ..headers import (
+    build_www_authenticate_basic,
+    parse_authorization_basic,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import SERVER, Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, OPEN, Event
+from ..server import ServerProtocol
+from ..typing import LoggerLike, Origin, StatusLike, Subprotocol
+from .compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from .connection import Connection, broadcast
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "broadcast",
+    "serve",
+    "unix_serve",
+    "ServerConnection",
+    "Server",
+    "basic_auth",
+]
+
+
+class ServerConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`asyncio` implementation of a WebSocket server connection.
+
+    :class:`ServerConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` methods for
+    receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, ``max_queue``,
+    and ``write_limit`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`serve`.
+
+    Args:
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+        server: Server that manages this connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        protocol: ServerProtocol,
+        server: Server,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ServerProtocol
+        super().__init__(
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+        )
+        self.server = server
+        self.request_rcvd: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+        self.username: str  # see basic_auth()
+        self.handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]]  # see route()
+        self.handler_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any]  # see route()
+
+    def respond(self, status: StatusLike, text: str) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a plain text HTTP response.
+
+        ``process_request`` and ``process_response`` may call this method to
+        return an HTTP response instead of performing the WebSocket opening
+        handshake.
+
+        You can modify the response before returning it, for example by changing
+        HTTP headers.
+
+        Args:
+            status: HTTP status code.
+            text: HTTP response body; it will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Returns:
+            HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.reject(status, text)
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [self.request_rcvd, self.connection_lost_waiter],
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+
+        if self.request is not None:
+            async with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+                response = None
+
+                if process_request is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_request(self, self.request)
+                        if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                            response = await response
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                if response is None:
+                    if self.server.is_serving():
+                        self.response = self.protocol.accept(self.request)
+                    else:
+                        self.response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                            "Server is shutting down.\n",
+                        )
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(response, Response)  # help mypy
+                    self.response = response
+
+                if server_header:
+                    self.response.headers["Server"] = server_header
+
+                response = None
+
+                if process_response is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_response(self, self.request, self.response)
+                        if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                            response = await response
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                if response is not None:
+                    assert isinstance(response, Response)  # help mypy
+                    self.response = response
+
+                self.protocol.send_response(self.response)
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a request, when the request cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # handshake fails, including when process_request or process_response
+        # raises an exception.
+
+        # It isn't set when process_request or process_response sends an HTTP
+        # response that rejects the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake request.
+        if self.request is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Request)
+            self.request = event
+            self.request_rcvd.set_result(None)
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+        self.server.start_connection_handler(self)
+
+
+class Server:
+    """
+    WebSocket server returned by :func:`serve`.
+
+    This class mirrors the API of :class:`asyncio.Server`.
+
+    It keeps track of WebSocket connections in order to close them properly
+    when shutting down.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        process_request: Intercept the request during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response. Return :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+            ``process_request`` may be a function or a coroutine.
+        process_response: Intercept the response during the opening handshake.
+            Modify the response or return a new HTTP response to force the
+            response. Return :obj:`None` to continue normally. When you force an
+            HTTP 101 Continue response, the handshake is successful. Else, the
+            connection is aborted. ``process_response`` may be a function or a
+            coroutine.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``. Setting it to
+            :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]],
+        *,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.process_request = process_request
+        self.process_response = process_response
+        self.server_header = server_header
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        self.logger = logger
+
+        # Keep track of active connections.
+        self.handlers: dict[ServerConnection, asyncio.Task[None]] = {}
+
+        # Task responsible for closing the server and terminating connections.
+        self.close_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the server is closed and connections are terminated.
+        self.closed_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+
+    @property
+    def connections(self) -> set[ServerConnection]:
+        """
+        Set of active connections.
+
+        This property contains all connections that completed the opening
+        handshake successfully and didn't start the closing handshake yet.
+        It can be useful in combination with :func:`~broadcast`.
+
+        """
+        return {connection for connection in self.handlers if connection.state is OPEN}
+
+    def wrap(self, server: asyncio.Server) -> None:
+        """
+        Attach to a given :class:`asyncio.Server`.
+
+        Since :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` doesn't support injecting a
+        custom ``Server`` class, the easiest solution that doesn't rely on
+        private :mod:`asyncio` APIs is to:
+
+        - instantiate a :class:`Server`
+        - give the protocol factory a reference to that instance
+        - call :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` with the factory
+        - attach the resulting :class:`asyncio.Server` with this method
+
+        """
+        self.server = server
+        for sock in server.sockets:
+            if sock.family == socket.AF_INET:
+                name = "%s:%d" % sock.getsockname()
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_INET6:
+                name = "[%s]:%d" % sock.getsockname()[:2]
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+                name = sock.getsockname()
+            # In the unlikely event that someone runs websockets over a
+            # protocol other than IP or Unix sockets, avoid crashing.
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                name = str(sock.getsockname())
+            self.logger.info("server listening on %s", name)
+
+    async def conn_handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle the lifecycle of a WebSocket connection.
+
+        Since this method doesn't have a caller that can handle exceptions,
+        it attempts to log relevant ones.
+
+        It guarantees that the TCP connection is closed before exiting.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+                try:
+                    await connection.handshake(
+                        self.process_request,
+                        self.process_response,
+                        self.server_header,
+                    )
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    connection.transport.abort()
+                    raise
+                except Exception:
+                    connection.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                    connection.transport.abort()
+                    return
+
+            if connection.protocol.state is not OPEN:
+                # process_request or process_response rejected the handshake.
+                connection.transport.abort()
+                return
+
+            try:
+                connection.start_keepalive()
+                await self.handler(connection)
+            except Exception:
+                connection.logger.error("connection handler failed", exc_info=True)
+                await connection.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            else:
+                await connection.close()
+
+        except TimeoutError:
+            # When the opening handshake times out, there's nothing to log.
+            pass
+
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Don't leak connections on unexpected errors.
+            connection.transport.abort()
+
+        finally:
+            # Registration is tied to the lifecycle of conn_handler() because
+            # the server waits for connection handlers to terminate, even if
+            # all connections are already closed.
+            del self.handlers[connection]
+
+    def start_connection_handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """
+        Register a connection with this server.
+
+        """
+        # The connection must be registered in self.handlers immediately.
+        # If it was registered in conn_handler(), a race condition could
+        # happen when closing the server after scheduling conn_handler()
+        # but before it starts executing.
+        self.handlers[connection] = self.loop.create_task(self.conn_handler(connection))
+
+    def close(
+        self,
+        close_connections: bool = True,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the server.
+
+        * Close the underlying :class:`asyncio.Server`.
+        * When ``close_connections`` is :obj:`True`, which is the default, close
+          existing connections. Specifically:
+
+          * Reject opening WebSocket connections with an HTTP 503 (service
+            unavailable) error. This happens when the server accepted the TCP
+            connection but didn't complete the opening handshake before closing.
+          * Close open WebSocket connections with code 1001 (going away).
+            ``code`` and ``reason`` can be customized, for example to use code
+            1012 (service restart).
+
+        * Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent.
+
+        """
+        if self.close_task is None:
+            self.close_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._close(close_connections, code, reason)
+            )
+
+    async def _close(
+        self,
+        close_connections: bool = True,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Implementation of :meth:`close`.
+
+        This calls :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` on the underlying
+        :class:`asyncio.Server` object to stop accepting new connections and
+        then closes open connections.
+
+        """
+        self.logger.info("server closing")
+
+        # Stop accepting new connections.
+        self.server.close()
+
+        # Wait until all accepted connections reach connection_made() and call
+        # register(). See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/79033 for
+        # details. This workaround can be removed when dropping Python < 3.11.
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        # After server.close(), handshake() closes OPENING connections with an
+        # HTTP 503 error.
+
+        if close_connections:
+            # Close OPEN connections with code 1001 by default.
+            close_tasks = [
+                asyncio.create_task(connection.close(code, reason))
+                for connection in self.handlers
+                if connection.protocol.state is not CONNECTING
+            ]
+            # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+            if close_tasks:
+                await asyncio.wait(close_tasks)
+
+        # Wait until all TCP connections are closed.
+        await self.server.wait_closed()
+
+        # Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+        # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+        if self.handlers:
+            await asyncio.wait(self.handlers.values())
+
+        # Tell wait_closed() to return.
+        self.closed_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        self.logger.info("server closed")
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the server is closed.
+
+        When :meth:`wait_closed` returns, all TCP connections are closed and
+        all connection handlers have returned.
+
+        To ensure a fast shutdown, a connection handler should always be
+        awaiting at least one of:
+
+        * :meth:`~ServerConnection.recv`: when the connection is closed,
+          it raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK`;
+        * :meth:`~ServerConnection.wait_closed`: when the connection is
+          closed, it returns.
+
+        Then the connection handler is immediately notified of the shutdown;
+        it can clean up and exit.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.closed_waiter)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.get_loop`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.get_loop()
+
+    def is_serving(self) -> bool:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.is_serving`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.is_serving()
+
+    async def start_serving(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.start_serving`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(..., start_serving=False)
+            # perform additional setup here...
+            # ... then start the server
+            await server.start_serving()
+
+        """
+        await self.server.start_serving()
+
+    async def serve_forever(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.serve_forever`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(...)
+            # this coroutine doesn't return
+            # canceling it stops the server
+            await server.serve_forever()
+
+        This is an alternative to using :func:`serve` as an asynchronous context
+        manager. Shutdown is triggered by canceling :meth:`serve_forever`
+        instead of exiting a :func:`serve` context.
+
+        """
+        await self.server.serve_forever()
+
+    @property
+    def sockets(self) -> tuple[socket.socket, ...]:
+        """
+        See :attr:`asyncio.Server.sockets`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.sockets
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Server:  # pragma: no cover
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+
+# This is spelled in lower case because it's exposed as a callable in the API.
+class serve:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on ``host`` and ``port``.
+
+    Whenever a client connects, the server creates a :class:`ServerConnection`,
+    performs the opening handshake, and delegates to the ``handler`` coroutine.
+
+    The handler receives the :class:`ServerConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    Once the handler completes, either normally or with an exception, the server
+    performs the closing handshake and closes the connection.
+
+    This coroutine returns a :class:`Server` whose API mirrors
+    :class:`asyncio.Server`. Treat it as an asynchronous context manager to
+    ensure that the server will be closed::
+
+        from websockets.asyncio.server import serve
+
+        def handler(websocket):
+            ...
+
+        # set this future to exit the server
+        stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        async with serve(handler, host, port):
+            await stop
+
+    Alternatively, call :meth:`~Server.serve_forever` to serve requests and
+    cancel it to stop the server::
+
+        server = await serve(handler, host, port)
+        await server.serve_forever()
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        host: Network interfaces the server binds to.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        port: TCP port the server listens on.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header, for defending
+            against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. Values can be
+            :class:`str` to test for an exact match or regular expressions
+            compiled by :func:`re.compile` to test against a pattern. Include
+            :obj:`None` in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        select_subprotocol: Callback for selecting a subprotocol among
+            those supported by the client and the server. It receives a
+            :class:`ServerConnection` (not a
+            :class:`~websockets.server.ServerProtocol`!) instance and a list of
+            subprotocols offered by the client. Other than the first argument,
+            it has the same behavior as the
+            :meth:`ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol
+            <websockets.server.ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol>` method.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        process_request: Intercept the request during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response or :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+            ``process_request`` may be a function or a coroutine.
+        process_response: Intercept the response during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response or :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+            ``process_response`` may be a function or a coroutine.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``. Setting it to
+            :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        write_limit: High-water mark of write buffer in bytes. It is passed to
+            :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`. It defaults
+            to 32 KiB. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the
+            high-water and low-water marks.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``. See the
+            :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ServerConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enable TLS.
+
+    * You can set ``sock`` to provide a preexisting TCP socket. You may call
+      :func:`socket.create_server` (not to be confused with the event loop's
+      :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` method) to create a suitable server
+      socket and customize it.
+
+    * You can set ``start_serving`` to ``False`` to start accepting connections
+      only after you call :meth:`~Server.start_serving()` or
+      :meth:`~Server.serve_forever()`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]],
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        *,
+        # WebSocket
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | re.Pattern[str] | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                Subprotocol | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        # HTTP
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Awaitable[Response | None] | Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        # Timeouts
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        # Limits
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+        write_limit: int | tuple[int, int | None] = 2**15,
+        # Logging
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+        create_connection: type[ServerConnection] | None = None,
+        # Other keyword arguments are passed to loop.create_server
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_server_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if create_connection is None:
+            create_connection = ServerConnection
+
+        self.server = Server(
+            handler,
+            process_request=process_request,
+            process_response=process_response,
+            server_header=server_header,
+            open_timeout=open_timeout,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        if kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ssl_handshake_timeout", open_timeout)
+            if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no branch
+                kwargs.setdefault("ssl_shutdown_timeout", close_timeout)
+
+        def factory() -> ServerConnection:
+            """
+            Create an asyncio protocol for managing a WebSocket connection.
+
+            """
+            # Create a closure to give select_subprotocol access to connection.
+            protocol_select_subprotocol: (
+                Callable[
+                    [ServerProtocol, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                    Subprotocol | None,
+                ]
+                | None
+            ) = None
+            if select_subprotocol is not None:
+
+                def protocol_select_subprotocol(
+                    protocol: ServerProtocol,
+                    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+                ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+                    # mypy doesn't know that select_subprotocol is immutable.
+                    assert select_subprotocol is not None
+                    # Ensure this function is only used in the intended context.
+                    assert protocol is connection.protocol
+                    return select_subprotocol(connection, subprotocols)
+
+            # This is a protocol in the Sans-I/O implementation of websockets.
+            protocol = ServerProtocol(
+                origins=origins,
+                extensions=extensions,
+                subprotocols=subprotocols,
+                select_subprotocol=protocol_select_subprotocol,
+                max_size=max_size,
+                logger=logger,
+            )
+            # This is a connection in websockets and a protocol in asyncio.
+            connection = create_connection(
+                protocol,
+                self.server,
+                ping_interval=ping_interval,
+                ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+                close_timeout=close_timeout,
+                max_queue=max_queue,
+                write_limit=write_limit,
+            )
+            return connection
+
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            self.create_server = loop.create_unix_server(factory, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            # mypy cannot tell that kwargs must provide sock when port is None.
+            self.create_server = loop.create_server(factory, host, port, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    # async with serve(...) as ...: ...
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Server:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.server.close()
+        await self.server.wait_closed()
+
+    # ... = await serve(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, Server]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> Server:
+        server = await self.create_server
+        self.server.wrap(server)
+        return self.server
+
+    # ... = yield from serve(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+
+def unix_serve(
+    handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], Awaitable[None]],
+    path: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Awaitable[Server]:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function is identical to :func:`serve`, except the ``host`` and
+    ``port`` arguments are replaced by ``path``. It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's useful for deploying a server behind a reverse proxy such as nginx.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+    """
+    return serve(handler, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+def is_credentials(credentials: Any) -> bool:
+    try:
+        username, password = credentials
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return isinstance(username, str) and isinstance(password, str)
+
+
+def basic_auth(
+    realm: str = "",
+    credentials: tuple[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], Awaitable[bool] | bool] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[ServerConnection, Request], Awaitable[Response | None]]:
+    """
+    Factory for ``process_request`` to enforce HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+    :func:`basic_auth` is designed to integrate with :func:`serve` as follows::
+
+        from websockets.asyncio.server import basic_auth, serve
+
+        async with serve(
+            ...,
+            process_request=basic_auth(
+                realm="my dev server",
+                credentials=("hello", "iloveyou"),
+            ),
+        ):
+
+    If authentication succeeds, the connection's ``username`` attribute is set.
+    If it fails, the server responds with an HTTP 401 Unauthorized status.
+
+    One of ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` must be provided; not both.
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Scope of protection. It should contain only ASCII characters
+            because the encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined. Refer to
+            section 2.2 of :rfc:`7235` for details.
+        credentials: Hard coded authorized credentials. It can be a
+            ``(username, password)`` pair or a list of such pairs.
+        check_credentials: Function or coroutine that verifies credentials.
+            It receives ``username`` and ``password`` arguments and returns
+            whether they're valid.
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` is wrong.
+        ValueError: If ``credentials`` and ``check_credentials`` are both
+            provided or both not provided.
+
+    """
+    if (credentials is None) == (check_credentials is None):
+        raise ValueError("provide either credentials or check_credentials")
+
+    if credentials is not None:
+        if is_credentials(credentials):
+            credentials_list = [cast(tuple[str, str], credentials)]
+        elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[tuple[str, str]], credentials))
+            if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
+                raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+
+        credentials_dict = dict(credentials_list)
+
+        def check_credentials(username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+            try:
+                expected_password = credentials_dict[username]
+            except KeyError:
+                return False
+            return hmac.compare_digest(expected_password, password)
+
+    assert check_credentials is not None  # help mypy
+
+    async def process_request(
+        connection: ServerConnection,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """
+        Perform HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+        If it succeeds, set the connection's ``username`` attribute and return
+        :obj:`None`. If it fails, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized responss.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            authorization = request.headers["Authorization"]
+        except KeyError:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Missing credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        try:
+            username, password = parse_authorization_basic(authorization)
+        except InvalidHeader:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Unsupported credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        valid_credentials = check_credentials(username, password)
+        if isinstance(valid_credentials, Awaitable):
+            valid_credentials = await valid_credentials
+
+        if not valid_credentials:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Invalid credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        connection.username = username
+        return None
+
+    return process_request
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15b70a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    # Suppress redundant DeprecationWarning raised by websockets.legacy.
+    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+    from .legacy.auth import *
+    from .legacy.auth import __all__  # noqa: F401
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+    "websockets.auth, an alias for websockets.legacy.auth, is deprecated; "
+    "see https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/howto/upgrade.html "
+    "for upgrade instructions",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/cli.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/cli.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e084b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/cli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Generator
+
+from .asyncio.client import ClientConnection, connect
+from .asyncio.messages import SimpleQueue
+from .exceptions import ConnectionClosed
+from .frames import Close
+from .streams import StreamReader
+from .version import version as websockets_version
+
+
+__all__ = ["main"]
+
+
+def print_during_input(string: str) -> None:
+    sys.stdout.write(
+        # Save cursor position
+        "\N{ESC}7"
+        # Add a new line
+        "\N{LINE FEED}"
+        # Move cursor up
+        "\N{ESC}[A"
+        # Insert blank line, scroll last line down
+        "\N{ESC}[L"
+        # Print string in the inserted blank line
+        f"{string}\N{LINE FEED}"
+        # Restore cursor position
+        "\N{ESC}8"
+        # Move cursor down
+        "\N{ESC}[B"
+    )
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def print_over_input(string: str) -> None:
+    sys.stdout.write(
+        # Move cursor to beginning of line
+        "\N{CARRIAGE RETURN}"
+        # Delete current line
+        "\N{ESC}[K"
+        # Print string
+        f"{string}\N{LINE FEED}"
+    )
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+class ReadLines(asyncio.Protocol):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.reader = StreamReader()
+        self.messages: SimpleQueue[str] = SimpleQueue()
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        while True:
+            sys.stdout.write("> ")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            line = yield from self.reader.read_line(sys.maxsize)
+            self.messages.put(line.decode().rstrip("\r\n"))
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        self.parser = self.parse()
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        # next(self.parser) isn't useful and would raise EOFError.
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        self.reader.discard()
+        self.messages.abort()
+
+
+async def print_incoming_messages(websocket: ClientConnection) -> None:
+    async for message in websocket:
+        if isinstance(message, str):
+            print_during_input("< " + message)
+        else:
+            print_during_input("< (binary) " + message.hex())
+
+
+async def send_outgoing_messages(
+    websocket: ClientConnection,
+    messages: SimpleQueue[str],
+) -> None:
+    while True:
+        try:
+            message = await messages.get()
+        except EOFError:
+            break
+        try:
+            await websocket.send(message)
+        except ConnectionClosed:  # pragma: no cover
+            break
+
+
+async def interactive_client(uri: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        websocket = await connect(uri)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        print(f"Failed to connect to {uri}: {exc}.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    else:
+        print(f"Connected to {uri}.")
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    transport, protocol = await loop.connect_read_pipe(ReadLines, sys.stdin)
+    incoming = asyncio.create_task(
+        print_incoming_messages(websocket),
+    )
+    outgoing = asyncio.create_task(
+        send_outgoing_messages(websocket, protocol.messages),
+    )
+    try:
+        await asyncio.wait(
+            [incoming, outgoing],
+            # Clean up and exit when the server closes the connection
+            # or the user enters EOT (^D), whichever happens first.
+            return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+        )
+    # asyncio.run() cancels the main task when the user triggers SIGINT (^C).
+    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-runner.html#handling-keyboard-interruption
+    # Clean up and exit without re-raising CancelledError to prevent Python
+    # from raising KeyboardInterrupt and displaying a stack track.
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
+    finally:
+        incoming.cancel()
+        outgoing.cancel()
+        transport.close()
+
+    await websocket.close()
+    assert websocket.close_code is not None and websocket.close_reason is not None
+    close_status = Close(websocket.close_code, websocket.close_reason)
+    print_over_input(f"Connection closed: {close_status}.")
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="websockets",
+        description="Interactive WebSocket client.",
+        add_help=False,
+    )
+    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    group.add_argument("--version", action="store_true")
+    group.add_argument("uri", metavar="<uri>", nargs="?")
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    if args.version:
+        print(f"websockets {websockets_version}")
+        return
+
+    if args.uri is None:
+        parser.print_usage()
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    # Enable VT100 to support ANSI escape codes in Command Prompt on Windows.
+    # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/74261 for why this works.
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        os.system("")
+
+    try:
+        import readline  # noqa: F401
+    except ImportError:  # readline isn't available on all platforms
+        pass
+
+    # Remove the try/except block when dropping Python < 3.11.
+    try:
+        asyncio.run(interactive_client(args.uri))
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:  # pragma: no cover
+        pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/client.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fbcda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import random
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any
+
+from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
+from .exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidHeaderValue,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidStatus,
+    InvalidUpgrade,
+    NegotiationError,
+)
+from .extensions import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension
+from .headers import (
+    build_authorization_basic,
+    build_extension,
+    build_host,
+    build_subprotocol,
+    parse_connection,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    parse_upgrade,
+)
+from .http11 import Request, Response
+from .imports import lazy_import
+from .protocol import CLIENT, CONNECTING, OPEN, Protocol, State
+from .typing import (
+    ConnectionOption,
+    ExtensionHeader,
+    LoggerLike,
+    Origin,
+    Subprotocol,
+    UpgradeProtocol,
+)
+from .uri import WebSocketURI
+from .utils import accept_key, generate_key
+
+
+__all__ = ["ClientProtocol"]
+
+
+class ClientProtocol(Protocol):
+    """
+    Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket client connection.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server, parsed
+            with :func:`~websockets.uri.parse_uri`.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header. This is useful when connecting
+            to a server that validates the ``Origin`` header to defend against
+            Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be tried.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        logger: Logger for this connection;
+            defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``;
+            see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: WebSocketURI,
+        *,
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        state: State = CONNECTING,
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            side=CLIENT,
+            state=state,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.origin = origin
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        self.key = generate_key()
+
+    def connect(self) -> Request:
+        """
+        Create a handshake request to open a connection.
+
+        You must send the handshake request with :meth:`send_request`.
+
+        You can modify it before sending it, for example to add HTTP headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            WebSocket handshake request event to send to the server.
+
+        """
+        headers = Headers()
+        headers["Host"] = build_host(self.uri.host, self.uri.port, self.uri.secure)
+        if self.uri.user_info:
+            headers["Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(*self.uri.user_info)
+        if self.origin is not None:
+            headers["Origin"] = self.origin
+        headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+        headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+        headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = self.key
+        headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"] = "13"
+        if self.available_extensions is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = build_extension(
+                [
+                    (extension_factory.name, extension_factory.get_request_params())
+                    for extension_factory in self.available_extensions
+                ]
+            )
+        if self.available_subprotocols is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = build_subprotocol(
+                self.available_subprotocols
+            )
+        return Request(self.uri.resource_name, headers)
+
+    def process_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Check a handshake response.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake response received from the server.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake response is invalid.
+
+        """
+
+        if response.status_code != 101:
+            raise InvalidStatus(response)
+
+        headers = response.headers
+
+        connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+            [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+        )
+        if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade(
+                "Connection", ", ".join(connection) if connection else None
+            )
+
+        upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+            [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+        )
+        # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+        # checking the Upgrade header. It's supposed to be 'WebSocket'.
+        if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade) if upgrade else None)
+
+        try:
+            s_w_accept = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept") from None
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", "multiple values") from None
+        if s_w_accept != accept_key(self.key):
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", s_w_accept)
+
+        self.extensions = self.process_extensions(headers)
+        self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(headers)
+
+    def process_extensions(self, headers: Headers) -> list[Extension]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header.
+
+        Check that each extension is supported, as well as its parameters.
+
+        :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each
+        extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension accepted by
+        the server, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        client configuration. If no match is found, an exception is raised.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are accepted by the server,
+        it may be configured several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake response headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of accepted extensions.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake.
+
+        """
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        extensions = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if extensions:
+            if self.available_extensions is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no extensions supported")
+
+            parsed_extensions: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in extensions], []
+            )
+
+            for name, response_params in parsed_extensions:
+                for extension_factory in self.available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if extension_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        extension = extension_factory.process_response_params(
+                            response_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the server sent. Fail the connection.
+                else:
+                    raise NegotiationError(
+                        f"Unsupported extension: "
+                        f"name = {name}, params = {response_params}"
+                    )
+
+        return accepted_extensions
+
+    def process_subprotocol(self, headers: Headers) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header.
+
+        If provided, check that it contains exactly one supported subprotocol.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake response headers.
+
+        Returns:
+           Subprotocol, if one was selected.
+
+        """
+        subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        subprotocols = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+        if subprotocols:
+            if self.available_subprotocols is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no subprotocols supported")
+
+            parsed_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum(
+                [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in subprotocols], []
+            )
+            if len(parsed_subprotocols) > 1:
+                raise InvalidHeader(
+                    "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol",
+                    f"multiple values: {', '.join(parsed_subprotocols)}",
+                )
+
+            subprotocol = parsed_subprotocols[0]
+            if subprotocol not in self.available_subprotocols:
+                raise NegotiationError(f"unsupported subprotocol: {subprotocol}")
+
+        return subprotocol
+
+    def send_request(self, request: Request) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a handshake request to the server.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake request event.
+
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> GET %s HTTP/1.1", request.path)
+            for key, value in request.headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        self.writes.append(request.serialize())
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        if self.state is CONNECTING:
+            try:
+                response = yield from Response.parse(
+                    self.reader.read_line,
+                    self.reader.read_exact,
+                    self.reader.read_to_eof,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                self.handshake_exc = InvalidMessage(
+                    "did not receive a valid HTTP response"
+                )
+                self.handshake_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                self.send_eof()
+                self.parser = self.discard()
+                next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+                yield
+
+            if self.debug:
+                code, phrase = response.status_code, response.reason_phrase
+                self.logger.debug("< HTTP/1.1 %d %s", code, phrase)
+                for key, value in response.headers.raw_items():
+                    self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+                if response.body:
+                    self.logger.debug("< [body] (%d bytes)", len(response.body))
+
+            try:
+                self.process_response(response)
+            except InvalidHandshake as exc:
+                response._exception = exc
+                self.events.append(response)
+                self.handshake_exc = exc
+                self.send_eof()
+                self.parser = self.discard()
+                next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+                yield
+
+            assert self.state is CONNECTING
+            self.state = OPEN
+            self.events.append(response)
+
+        yield from super().parse()
+
+
+class ClientConnection(ClientProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02
+            "ClientConnection was renamed to ClientProtocol",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY", "5"))
+BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY", "3.1"))
+BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY", "90.0"))
+BACKOFF_FACTOR = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_FACTOR", "1.618"))
+
+
+def backoff(
+    initial_delay: float = BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY,
+    min_delay: float = BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY,
+    max_delay: float = BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY,
+    factor: float = BACKOFF_FACTOR,
+) -> Generator[float]:
+    """
+    Generate a series of backoff delays between reconnection attempts.
+
+    Yields:
+        How many seconds to wait before retrying to connect.
+
+    """
+    # Add a random initial delay between 0 and 5 seconds.
+    # See 7.2.3. Recovering from Abnormal Closure in RFC 6455.
+    yield random.random() * initial_delay
+    delay = min_delay
+    while delay < max_delay:
+        yield delay
+        delay *= factor
+    while True:
+        yield max_delay
+
+
+lazy_import(
+    globals(),
+    deprecated_aliases={
+        # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+        "WebSocketClientProtocol": ".legacy.client",
+        "connect": ".legacy.client",
+        "unix_connect": ".legacy.client",
+    },
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e78e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from .protocol import SEND_EOF, Protocol as Connection, Side, State  # noqa: F401
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02
+    "websockets.connection was renamed to websockets.protocol "
+    "and Connection was renamed to Protocol",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/datastructures.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/datastructures.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d5d66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/datastructures.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, Protocol
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Headers",
+    "HeadersLike",
+    "MultipleValuesError",
+]
+
+
+class MultipleValuesError(LookupError):
+    """
+    Exception raised when :class:`Headers` has multiple values for a key.
+
+    """
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # Implement the same logic as KeyError_str in Objects/exceptions.c.
+        if len(self.args) == 1:
+            return repr(self.args[0])
+        return super().__str__()
+
+
+class Headers(MutableMapping[str, str]):
+    """
+    Efficient data structure for manipulating HTTP headers.
+
+    A :class:`list` of ``(name, values)`` is inefficient for lookups.
+
+    A :class:`dict` doesn't suffice because header names are case-insensitive
+    and multiple occurrences of headers with the same name are possible.
+
+    :class:`Headers` stores HTTP headers in a hybrid data structure to provide
+    efficient insertions and lookups while preserving the original data.
+
+    In order to account for multiple values with minimal hassle,
+    :class:`Headers` follows this logic:
+
+    - When getting a header with ``headers[name]``:
+        - if there's no value, :exc:`KeyError` is raised;
+        - if there's exactly one value, it's returned;
+        - if there's more than one value, :exc:`MultipleValuesError` is raised.
+
+    - When setting a header with ``headers[name] = value``, the value is
+      appended to the list of values for that header.
+
+    - When deleting a header with ``del headers[name]``, all values for that
+      header are removed (this is slow).
+
+    Other methods for manipulating headers are consistent with this logic.
+
+    As long as no header occurs multiple times, :class:`Headers` behaves like
+    :class:`dict`, except keys are lower-cased to provide case-insensitivity.
+
+    Two methods support manipulating multiple values explicitly:
+
+    - :meth:`get_all` returns a list of all values for a header;
+    - :meth:`raw_items` returns an iterator of ``(name, values)`` pairs.
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["_dict", "_list"]
+
+    # Like dict, Headers accepts an optional "mapping or iterable" argument.
+    def __init__(self, *args: HeadersLike, **kwargs: str) -> None:
+        self._dict: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+        self._list: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+        self.update(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(f"{key}: {value}\r\n" for key, value in self._list) + "\r\n"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._list!r})"
+
+    def copy(self) -> Headers:
+        copy = self.__class__()
+        copy._dict = self._dict.copy()
+        copy._list = self._list.copy()
+        return copy
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        # Since headers only contain ASCII characters, we can keep this simple.
+        return str(self).encode()
+
+    # Collection methods
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(key, str) and key.lower() in self._dict
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
+        return iter(self._dict)
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._dict)
+
+    # MutableMapping methods
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
+        value = self._dict[key.lower()]
+        if len(value) == 1:
+            return value[0]
+        else:
+            raise MultipleValuesError(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: str) -> None:
+        self._dict.setdefault(key.lower(), []).append(value)
+        self._list.append((key, value))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
+        key_lower = key.lower()
+        self._dict.__delitem__(key_lower)
+        # This is inefficient. Fortunately deleting HTTP headers is uncommon.
+        self._list = [(k, v) for k, v in self._list if k.lower() != key_lower]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, Headers):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._dict == other._dict
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove all headers.
+
+        """
+        self._dict = {}
+        self._list = []
+
+    def update(self, *args: HeadersLike, **kwargs: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Update from a :class:`Headers` instance and/or keyword arguments.
+
+        """
+        args = tuple(
+            arg.raw_items() if isinstance(arg, Headers) else arg for arg in args
+        )
+        super().update(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    # Methods for handling multiple values
+
+    def get_all(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Return the (possibly empty) list of all values for a header.
+
+        Args:
+            key: Header name.
+
+        """
+        return self._dict.get(key.lower(), [])
+
+    def raw_items(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Return an iterator of all values as ``(name, value)`` pairs.
+
+        """
+        return iter(self._list)
+
+
+# copy of _typeshed.SupportsKeysAndGetItem.
+class SupportsKeysAndGetItem(Protocol):  # pragma: no cover
+    """
+    Dict-like types with ``keys() -> str`` and ``__getitem__(key: str) -> str`` methods.
+
+    """
+
+    def keys(self) -> Iterable[str]: ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str: ...
+
+
+HeadersLike = (
+    Headers | Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | SupportsKeysAndGetItem
+)
+"""
+Types accepted where :class:`Headers` is expected.
+
+In addition to :class:`Headers` itself, this includes dict-like types where both
+keys and values are :class:`str`.
+
+"""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88deaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+"""
+:mod:`websockets.exceptions` defines the following hierarchy of exceptions.
+
+* :exc:`WebSocketException`
+    * :exc:`ConnectionClosed`
+        * :exc:`ConnectionClosedOK`
+        * :exc:`ConnectionClosedError`
+    * :exc:`InvalidURI`
+    * :exc:`InvalidProxy`
+    * :exc:`InvalidHandshake`
+        * :exc:`SecurityError`
+        * :exc:`ProxyError`
+            * :exc:`InvalidProxyMessage`
+            * :exc:`InvalidProxyStatus`
+        * :exc:`InvalidMessage`
+        * :exc:`InvalidStatus`
+        * :exc:`InvalidStatusCode` (legacy)
+        * :exc:`InvalidHeader`
+            * :exc:`InvalidHeaderFormat`
+            * :exc:`InvalidHeaderValue`
+            * :exc:`InvalidOrigin`
+            * :exc:`InvalidUpgrade`
+        * :exc:`NegotiationError`
+            * :exc:`DuplicateParameter`
+            * :exc:`InvalidParameterName`
+            * :exc:`InvalidParameterValue`
+        * :exc:`AbortHandshake` (legacy)
+        * :exc:`RedirectHandshake` (legacy)
+    * :exc:`ProtocolError` (Sans-I/O)
+    * :exc:`PayloadTooBig` (Sans-I/O)
+    * :exc:`InvalidState` (Sans-I/O)
+    * :exc:`ConcurrencyError`
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from .imports import lazy_import
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "WebSocketException",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "ConnectionClosedOK",
+    "ConnectionClosedError",
+    "InvalidURI",
+    "InvalidProxy",
+    "InvalidHandshake",
+    "SecurityError",
+    "ProxyError",
+    "InvalidProxyMessage",
+    "InvalidProxyStatus",
+    "InvalidMessage",
+    "InvalidStatus",
+    "InvalidHeader",
+    "InvalidHeaderFormat",
+    "InvalidHeaderValue",
+    "InvalidOrigin",
+    "InvalidUpgrade",
+    "NegotiationError",
+    "DuplicateParameter",
+    "InvalidParameterName",
+    "InvalidParameterValue",
+    "ProtocolError",
+    "PayloadTooBig",
+    "InvalidState",
+    "ConcurrencyError",
+]
+
+
+class WebSocketException(Exception):
+    """
+    Base class for all exceptions defined by websockets.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectionClosed(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to interact with a closed connection.
+
+    Attributes:
+        rcvd: If a close frame was received, its code and reason are available
+            in ``rcvd.code`` and ``rcvd.reason``.
+        sent: If a close frame was sent, its code and reason are available
+            in ``sent.code`` and ``sent.reason``.
+        rcvd_then_sent: If close frames were received and sent, this attribute
+            tells in which order this happened, from the perspective of this
+            side of the connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        rcvd: frames.Close | None,
+        sent: frames.Close | None,
+        rcvd_then_sent: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.rcvd = rcvd
+        self.sent = sent
+        self.rcvd_then_sent = rcvd_then_sent
+        assert (self.rcvd_then_sent is None) == (self.rcvd is None or self.sent is None)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.rcvd is None:
+            if self.sent is None:
+                return "no close frame received or sent"
+            else:
+                return f"sent {self.sent}; no close frame received"
+        else:
+            if self.sent is None:
+                return f"received {self.rcvd}; no close frame sent"
+            else:
+                if self.rcvd_then_sent:
+                    return f"received {self.rcvd}; then sent {self.sent}"
+                else:
+                    return f"sent {self.sent}; then received {self.rcvd}"
+
+    # code and reason attributes are provided for backwards-compatibility
+
+    @property
+    def code(self) -> int:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.1 - 2024-09-21
+            "ConnectionClosed.code is deprecated; "
+            "use Protocol.close_code or ConnectionClosed.rcvd.code",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        if self.rcvd is None:
+            return frames.CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE
+        return self.rcvd.code
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self) -> str:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.1 - 2024-09-21
+            "ConnectionClosed.reason is deprecated; "
+            "use Protocol.close_reason or ConnectionClosed.rcvd.reason",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        if self.rcvd is None:
+            return ""
+        return self.rcvd.reason
+
+
+class ConnectionClosedOK(ConnectionClosed):
+    """
+    Like :exc:`ConnectionClosed`, when the connection terminated properly.
+
+    A close code with code 1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a code was
+    received and sent.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ConnectionClosedError(ConnectionClosed):
+    """
+    Like :exc:`ConnectionClosed`, when the connection terminated with an error.
+
+    A close frame with a code other than 1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) was
+    received or sent, or the closing handshake didn't complete properly.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidURI(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when connecting to a URI that isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, uri: str, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.msg = msg
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.uri} isn't a valid URI: {self.msg}"
+
+
+class InvalidProxy(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when connecting via a proxy that isn't valid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, proxy: str, msg: str) -> None:
+        self.proxy = proxy
+        self.msg = msg
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.proxy} isn't a valid proxy: {self.msg}"
+
+
+class InvalidHandshake(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Base class for exceptions raised when the opening handshake fails.
+
+    """
+
+
+class SecurityError(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake request or response breaks a security rule.
+
+    Security limits can be configured with :doc:`environment variables
+    <../reference/variables>`.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ProxyError(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when failing to connect to a proxy.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidProxyMessage(ProxyError):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP proxy response is malformed.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidProxyStatus(ProxyError):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP proxy rejects the connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, response: http11.Response) -> None:
+        self.response = response
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"proxy rejected connection: HTTP {self.response.status_code:d}"
+
+
+class InvalidMessage(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake request or response is malformed.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidStatus(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake response rejects the WebSocket upgrade.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, response: http11.Response) -> None:
+        self.response = response
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"server rejected WebSocket connection: HTTP {self.response.status_code:d}"
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidHeader(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP header doesn't have a valid format or value.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.value is None:
+            return f"missing {self.name} header"
+        elif self.value == "":
+            return f"empty {self.name} header"
+        else:
+            return f"invalid {self.name} header: {self.value}"
+
+
+class InvalidHeaderFormat(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP header cannot be parsed.
+
+    The format of the header doesn't match the grammar for that header.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, error: str, header: str, pos: int) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name, f"{error} at {pos} in {header}")
+
+
+class InvalidHeaderValue(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when an HTTP header has a wrong value.
+
+    The format of the header is correct but the value isn't acceptable.
+
+    """
+
+
+class InvalidOrigin(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when the Origin header in a request isn't allowed.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, origin: str | None) -> None:
+        super().__init__("Origin", origin)
+
+
+class InvalidUpgrade(InvalidHeader):
+    """
+    Raised when the Upgrade or Connection header isn't correct.
+
+    """
+
+
+class NegotiationError(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when negotiating an extension or a subprotocol fails.
+
+    """
+
+
+class DuplicateParameter(NegotiationError):
+    """
+    Raised when a parameter name is repeated in an extension header.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"duplicate parameter: {self.name}"
+
+
+class InvalidParameterName(NegotiationError):
+    """
+    Raised when a parameter name in an extension header is invalid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"invalid parameter name: {self.name}"
+
+
+class InvalidParameterValue(NegotiationError):
+    """
+    Raised when a parameter value in an extension header is invalid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, value: str | None) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.value is None:
+            return f"missing value for parameter {self.name}"
+        elif self.value == "":
+            return f"empty value for parameter {self.name}"
+        else:
+            return f"invalid value for parameter {self.name}: {self.value}"
+
+
+class ProtocolError(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when receiving or sending a frame that breaks the protocol.
+
+    The Sans-I/O implementation raises this exception when:
+
+    * receiving or sending a frame that contains invalid data;
+    * receiving or sending an invalid sequence of frames.
+
+    """
+
+
+class PayloadTooBig(WebSocketException):
+    """
+    Raised when parsing a frame with a payload that exceeds the maximum size.
+
+    The Sans-I/O layer uses this exception internally. It doesn't bubble up to
+    the I/O layer.
+
+    The :meth:`~websockets.extensions.Extension.decode` method of extensions
+    must raise :exc:`PayloadTooBig` if decoding a frame would exceed the limit.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size_or_message: int | None | str,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+        current_size: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(size_or_message, str):
+            assert max_size is None
+            assert current_size is None
+            warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+                "PayloadTooBig(message) is deprecated; "
+                "change to PayloadTooBig(size, max_size)",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            self.message: str | None = size_or_message
+        else:
+            self.message = None
+            self.size: int | None = size_or_message
+            assert max_size is not None
+            self.max_size: int = max_size
+            self.current_size: int | None = None
+            self.set_current_size(current_size)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.message is not None:
+            return self.message
+        else:
+            message = "frame "
+            if self.size is not None:
+                message += f"with {self.size} bytes "
+            if self.current_size is not None:
+                message += f"after reading {self.current_size} bytes "
+            message += f"exceeds limit of {self.max_size} bytes"
+            return message
+
+    def set_current_size(self, current_size: int | None) -> None:
+        assert self.current_size is None
+        if current_size is not None:
+            self.max_size += current_size
+            self.current_size = current_size
+
+
+class InvalidState(WebSocketException, AssertionError):
+    """
+    Raised when sending a frame is forbidden in the current state.
+
+    Specifically, the Sans-I/O layer raises this exception when:
+
+    * sending a data frame to a connection in a state other
+      :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.OPEN`;
+    * sending a control frame to a connection in a state other than
+      :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.OPEN` or
+      :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.CLOSING`.
+
+    """
+
+
+class ConcurrencyError(WebSocketException, RuntimeError):
+    """
+    Raised when receiving or sending messages concurrently.
+
+    WebSocket is a connection-oriented protocol. Reads must be serialized; so
+    must be writes. However, reading and writing concurrently is possible.
+
+    """
+
+
+# At the bottom to break import cycles created by type annotations.
+from . import frames, http11  # noqa: E402
+
+
+lazy_import(
+    globals(),
+    deprecated_aliases={
+        # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+        "AbortHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+        "InvalidStatusCode": ".legacy.exceptions",
+        "RedirectHandshake": ".legacy.exceptions",
+        "WebSocketProtocolError": ".legacy.exceptions",
+    },
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02838b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from .base import *
+
+
+__all__ = ["Extension", "ClientExtensionFactory", "ServerExtensionFactory"]
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fdc59f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from ..frames import Frame
+from ..typing import ExtensionName, ExtensionParameter
+
+
+__all__ = ["Extension", "ClientExtensionFactory", "ServerExtensionFactory"]
+
+
+class Extension:
+    """
+    Base class for extensions.
+
+    """
+
+    name: ExtensionName
+    """Extension identifier."""
+
+    def decode(self, frame: Frame, *, max_size: int | None = None) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Decode an incoming frame.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Incoming frame.
+            max_size: Maximum payload size in bytes.
+
+        Returns:
+            Decoded frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            PayloadTooBig: If decoding the payload exceeds ``max_size``.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def encode(self, frame: Frame) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Encode an outgoing frame.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Outgoing frame.
+
+        Returns:
+            Encoded frame.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class ClientExtensionFactory:
+    """
+    Base class for client-side extension factories.
+
+    """
+
+    name: ExtensionName
+    """Extension identifier."""
+
+    def get_request_params(self) -> Sequence[ExtensionParameter]:
+        """
+        Build parameters to send to the server for this extension.
+
+        Returns:
+            Parameters to send to the server.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def process_response_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> Extension:
+        """
+        Process parameters received from the server.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Parameters received from the server for this extension.
+            accepted_extensions: List of previously accepted extensions.
+
+        Returns:
+            An extension instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            NegotiationError: If parameters aren't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class ServerExtensionFactory:
+    """
+    Base class for server-side extension factories.
+
+    """
+
+    name: ExtensionName
+    """Extension identifier."""
+
+    def process_request_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> tuple[list[ExtensionParameter], Extension]:
+        """
+        Process parameters received from the client.
+
+        Args:
+            params: Parameters received from the client for this extension.
+            accepted_extensions: List of previously accepted extensions.
+
+        Returns:
+            To accept the offer, parameters to send to the client for this
+            extension and an extension instance.
+
+        Raises:
+            NegotiationError: To reject the offer, if parameters received from
+                the client aren't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bc63d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/extensions/permessage_deflate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,699 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import zlib
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from .. import frames
+from ..exceptions import (
+    DuplicateParameter,
+    InvalidParameterName,
+    InvalidParameterValue,
+    NegotiationError,
+    PayloadTooBig,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..typing import BytesLike, ExtensionName, ExtensionParameter
+from .base import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension, ServerExtensionFactory
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "PerMessageDeflate",
+    "ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory",
+    "enable_client_permessage_deflate",
+    "ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory",
+    "enable_server_permessage_deflate",
+]
+
+_EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK = b"\x00\x00\xff\xff"
+
+_MAX_WINDOW_BITS_VALUES = [str(bits) for bits in range(8, 16)]
+
+
+class PerMessageDeflate(Extension):
+    """
+    Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+    """
+
+    name = ExtensionName("permessage-deflate")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        remote_no_context_takeover: bool,
+        local_no_context_takeover: bool,
+        remote_max_window_bits: int,
+        local_max_window_bits: int,
+        compress_settings: dict[Any, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure the Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+        """
+        if compress_settings is None:
+            compress_settings = {}
+
+        assert remote_no_context_takeover in [False, True]
+        assert local_no_context_takeover in [False, True]
+        assert 8 <= remote_max_window_bits <= 15
+        assert 8 <= local_max_window_bits <= 15
+        assert "wbits" not in compress_settings
+
+        self.remote_no_context_takeover = remote_no_context_takeover
+        self.local_no_context_takeover = local_no_context_takeover
+        self.remote_max_window_bits = remote_max_window_bits
+        self.local_max_window_bits = local_max_window_bits
+        self.compress_settings = compress_settings
+
+        if not self.remote_no_context_takeover:
+            self.decoder = zlib.decompressobj(wbits=-self.remote_max_window_bits)
+
+        if not self.local_no_context_takeover:
+            self.encoder = zlib.compressobj(
+                wbits=-self.local_max_window_bits,
+                **self.compress_settings,
+            )
+
+        # To handle continuation frames properly, we must keep track of
+        # whether that initial frame was encoded.
+        self.decode_cont_data = False
+        # There's no need for self.encode_cont_data because we always encode
+        # outgoing frames, so it would always be True.
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"PerMessageDeflate("
+            f"remote_no_context_takeover={self.remote_no_context_takeover}, "
+            f"local_no_context_takeover={self.local_no_context_takeover}, "
+            f"remote_max_window_bits={self.remote_max_window_bits}, "
+            f"local_max_window_bits={self.local_max_window_bits})"
+        )
+
+    def decode(
+        self,
+        frame: frames.Frame,
+        *,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+    ) -> frames.Frame:
+        """
+        Decode an incoming frame.
+
+        """
+        # Skip control frames.
+        if frame.opcode in frames.CTRL_OPCODES:
+            return frame
+
+        # Handle continuation data frames:
+        # - skip if the message isn't encoded
+        # - reset "decode continuation data" flag if it's a final frame
+        if frame.opcode is frames.OP_CONT:
+            if not self.decode_cont_data:
+                return frame
+            if frame.fin:
+                self.decode_cont_data = False
+
+        # Handle text and binary data frames:
+        # - skip if the message isn't encoded
+        # - unset the rsv1 flag on the first frame of a compressed message
+        # - set "decode continuation data" flag if it's a non-final frame
+        else:
+            if not frame.rsv1:
+                return frame
+            if not frame.fin:
+                self.decode_cont_data = True
+
+            # Re-initialize per-message decoder.
+            if self.remote_no_context_takeover:
+                self.decoder = zlib.decompressobj(wbits=-self.remote_max_window_bits)
+
+        # Uncompress data. Protect against zip bombs by preventing zlib from
+        # decompressing more than max_length bytes (except when the limit is
+        # disabled with max_size = None).
+        data: BytesLike
+        if frame.fin and len(frame.data) < 2044:
+            # Profiling shows that appending four bytes, which makes a copy, is
+            # faster than calling decompress() again when data is less than 2kB.
+            data = bytes(frame.data) + _EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK
+        else:
+            data = frame.data
+        max_length = 0 if max_size is None else max_size
+        try:
+            data = self.decoder.decompress(data, max_length)
+            if self.decoder.unconsumed_tail:
+                assert max_size is not None  # help mypy
+                raise PayloadTooBig(None, max_size)
+            if frame.fin and len(frame.data) >= 2044:
+                # This cannot generate additional data.
+                self.decoder.decompress(_EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK)
+        except zlib.error as exc:
+            raise ProtocolError("decompression failed") from exc
+
+        # Allow garbage collection of the decoder if it won't be reused.
+        if frame.fin and self.remote_no_context_takeover:
+            del self.decoder
+
+        return frames.Frame(
+            frame.opcode,
+            data,
+            frame.fin,
+            # Unset the rsv1 flag on the first frame of a compressed message.
+            False,
+            frame.rsv2,
+            frame.rsv3,
+        )
+
+    def encode(self, frame: frames.Frame) -> frames.Frame:
+        """
+        Encode an outgoing frame.
+
+        """
+        # Skip control frames.
+        if frame.opcode in frames.CTRL_OPCODES:
+            return frame
+
+        # Since we always encode messages, there's no "encode continuation
+        # data" flag similar to "decode continuation data" at this time.
+
+        if frame.opcode is not frames.OP_CONT:
+            # Re-initialize per-message decoder.
+            if self.local_no_context_takeover:
+                self.encoder = zlib.compressobj(
+                    wbits=-self.local_max_window_bits,
+                    **self.compress_settings,
+                )
+
+        # Compress data.
+        data: BytesLike
+        data = self.encoder.compress(frame.data) + self.encoder.flush(zlib.Z_SYNC_FLUSH)
+        if frame.fin:
+            # Sync flush generates between 5 or 6 bytes, ending with the bytes
+            # 0x00 0x00 0xff 0xff, which must be removed.
+            assert data[-4:] == _EMPTY_UNCOMPRESSED_BLOCK
+            # Making a copy is faster than memoryview(a)[:-4] until 2kB.
+            if len(data) < 2048:
+                data = data[:-4]
+            else:
+                data = memoryview(data)[:-4]
+
+        # Allow garbage collection of the encoder if it won't be reused.
+        if frame.fin and self.local_no_context_takeover:
+            del self.encoder
+
+        return frames.Frame(
+            frame.opcode,
+            data,
+            frame.fin,
+            # Set the rsv1 flag on the first frame of a compressed message.
+            frame.opcode is not frames.OP_CONT,
+            frame.rsv2,
+            frame.rsv3,
+        )
+
+
+def _build_parameters(
+    server_no_context_takeover: bool,
+    client_no_context_takeover: bool,
+    server_max_window_bits: int | None,
+    client_max_window_bits: int | Literal[True] | None,
+) -> list[ExtensionParameter]:
+    """
+    Build a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for some compression parameters.
+
+    """
+    params: list[ExtensionParameter] = []
+    if server_no_context_takeover:
+        params.append(("server_no_context_takeover", None))
+    if client_no_context_takeover:
+        params.append(("client_no_context_takeover", None))
+    if server_max_window_bits:
+        params.append(("server_max_window_bits", str(server_max_window_bits)))
+    if client_max_window_bits is True:  # only in handshake requests
+        params.append(("client_max_window_bits", None))
+    elif client_max_window_bits:
+        params.append(("client_max_window_bits", str(client_max_window_bits)))
+    return params
+
+
+def _extract_parameters(
+    params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter], *, is_server: bool
+) -> tuple[bool, bool, int | None, int | Literal[True] | None]:
+    """
+    Extract compression parameters from a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs.
+
+    If ``is_server`` is :obj:`True`, ``client_max_window_bits`` may be
+    provided without a value. This is only allowed in handshake requests.
+
+    """
+    server_no_context_takeover: bool = False
+    client_no_context_takeover: bool = False
+    server_max_window_bits: int | None = None
+    client_max_window_bits: int | Literal[True] | None = None
+
+    for name, value in params:
+        if name == "server_no_context_takeover":
+            if server_no_context_takeover:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if value is None:
+                server_no_context_takeover = True
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        elif name == "client_no_context_takeover":
+            if client_no_context_takeover:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if value is None:
+                client_no_context_takeover = True
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        elif name == "server_max_window_bits":
+            if server_max_window_bits is not None:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if value in _MAX_WINDOW_BITS_VALUES:
+                server_max_window_bits = int(value)
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        elif name == "client_max_window_bits":
+            if client_max_window_bits is not None:
+                raise DuplicateParameter(name)
+            if is_server and value is None:  # only in handshake requests
+                client_max_window_bits = True
+            elif value in _MAX_WINDOW_BITS_VALUES:
+                client_max_window_bits = int(value)
+            else:
+                raise InvalidParameterValue(name, value)
+
+        else:
+            raise InvalidParameterName(name)
+
+    return (
+        server_no_context_takeover,
+        client_no_context_takeover,
+        server_max_window_bits,
+        client_max_window_bits,
+    )
+
+
+class ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory(ClientExtensionFactory):
+    """
+    Client-side extension factory for the Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+    Parameters behave as described in `section 7.1 of RFC 7692`_.
+
+    .. _section 7.1 of RFC 7692: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692#section-7.1
+
+    Set them to :obj:`True` to include them in the negotiation offer without a
+    value or to an integer value to include them with this value.
+
+    Args:
+        server_no_context_takeover: Prevent server from using context takeover.
+        client_no_context_takeover: Prevent client from using context takeover.
+        server_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the server's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15.
+        client_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the client's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15, or :obj:`True` to indicate support without
+            setting a limit.
+        compress_settings: Additional keyword arguments for :func:`zlib.compressobj`,
+            excluding ``wbits``.
+
+    """
+
+    name = ExtensionName("permessage-deflate")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        client_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        server_max_window_bits: int | None = None,
+        client_max_window_bits: int | Literal[True] | None = True,
+        compress_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure the Per-Message Deflate extension factory.
+
+        """
+        if not (server_max_window_bits is None or 8 <= server_max_window_bits <= 15):
+            raise ValueError("server_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if not (
+            client_max_window_bits is None
+            or client_max_window_bits is True
+            or 8 <= client_max_window_bits <= 15
+        ):
+            raise ValueError("client_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if compress_settings is not None and "wbits" in compress_settings:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "compress_settings must not include wbits, "
+                "set client_max_window_bits instead"
+            )
+
+        self.server_no_context_takeover = server_no_context_takeover
+        self.client_no_context_takeover = client_no_context_takeover
+        self.server_max_window_bits = server_max_window_bits
+        self.client_max_window_bits = client_max_window_bits
+        self.compress_settings = compress_settings
+
+    def get_request_params(self) -> Sequence[ExtensionParameter]:
+        """
+        Build request parameters.
+
+        """
+        return _build_parameters(
+            self.server_no_context_takeover,
+            self.client_no_context_takeover,
+            self.server_max_window_bits,
+            self.client_max_window_bits,
+        )
+
+    def process_response_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> PerMessageDeflate:
+        """
+        Process response parameters.
+
+        Return an extension instance.
+
+        """
+        if any(other.name == self.name for other in accepted_extensions):
+            raise NegotiationError(f"received duplicate {self.name}")
+
+        # Request parameters are available in instance variables.
+
+        # Load response parameters in local variables.
+        (
+            server_no_context_takeover,
+            client_no_context_takeover,
+            server_max_window_bits,
+            client_max_window_bits,
+        ) = _extract_parameters(params, is_server=False)
+
+        # After comparing the request and the response, the final
+        # configuration must be available in the local variables.
+
+        # server_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True
+        #   True    False   Error!
+        #   True    True    True
+
+        if self.server_no_context_takeover:
+            if not server_no_context_takeover:
+                raise NegotiationError("expected server_no_context_takeover")
+
+        # client_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True
+        #   True    False   True - must change value
+        #   True    True    True
+
+        if self.client_no_context_takeover:
+            if not client_no_context_takeover:
+                client_no_context_takeover = True
+
+        # server_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  M
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    Error!
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  Error!
+
+        if self.server_max_window_bits is None:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            if server_max_window_bits is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("expected server_max_window_bits")
+            elif server_max_window_bits > self.server_max_window_bits:
+                raise NegotiationError("unsupported server_max_window_bits")
+
+        # client_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Req.    Resp.   Result
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  Error!
+        #   True    None    None
+        #   True    8≤M≤15  M
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    N - must change value
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  Error!
+
+        if self.client_max_window_bits is None:
+            if client_max_window_bits is not None:
+                raise NegotiationError("unexpected client_max_window_bits")
+
+        elif self.client_max_window_bits is True:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            if client_max_window_bits is None:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+            elif client_max_window_bits > self.client_max_window_bits:
+                raise NegotiationError("unsupported client_max_window_bits")
+
+        return PerMessageDeflate(
+            server_no_context_takeover,  # remote_no_context_takeover
+            client_no_context_takeover,  # local_no_context_takeover
+            server_max_window_bits or 15,  # remote_max_window_bits
+            client_max_window_bits or 15,  # local_max_window_bits
+            self.compress_settings,
+        )
+
+
+def enable_client_permessage_deflate(
+    extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None,
+) -> Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory]:
+    """
+    Enable Per-Message Deflate with default settings in client extensions.
+
+    If the extension is already present, perhaps with non-default settings,
+    the configuration isn't changed.
+
+    """
+    if extensions is None:
+        extensions = []
+    if not any(
+        extension_factory.name == ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory.name
+        for extension_factory in extensions
+    ):
+        extensions = list(extensions) + [
+            ClientPerMessageDeflateFactory(
+                compress_settings={"memLevel": 5},
+            )
+        ]
+    return extensions
+
+
+class ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory(ServerExtensionFactory):
+    """
+    Server-side extension factory for the Per-Message Deflate extension.
+
+    Parameters behave as described in `section 7.1 of RFC 7692`_.
+
+    .. _section 7.1 of RFC 7692: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7692#section-7.1
+
+    Set them to :obj:`True` to include them in the negotiation offer without a
+    value or to an integer value to include them with this value.
+
+    Args:
+        server_no_context_takeover: Prevent server from using context takeover.
+        client_no_context_takeover: Prevent client from using context takeover.
+        server_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the server's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15.
+        client_max_window_bits: Maximum size of the client's LZ77 sliding window
+            in bits, between 8 and 15.
+        compress_settings: Additional keyword arguments for :func:`zlib.compressobj`,
+            excluding ``wbits``.
+        require_client_max_window_bits: Do not enable compression at all if
+            client doesn't advertise support for ``client_max_window_bits``;
+            the default behavior is to enable compression without enforcing
+            ``client_max_window_bits``.
+
+    """
+
+    name = ExtensionName("permessage-deflate")
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        client_no_context_takeover: bool = False,
+        server_max_window_bits: int | None = None,
+        client_max_window_bits: int | None = None,
+        compress_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        require_client_max_window_bits: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure the Per-Message Deflate extension factory.
+
+        """
+        if not (server_max_window_bits is None or 8 <= server_max_window_bits <= 15):
+            raise ValueError("server_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if not (client_max_window_bits is None or 8 <= client_max_window_bits <= 15):
+            raise ValueError("client_max_window_bits must be between 8 and 15")
+        if compress_settings is not None and "wbits" in compress_settings:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "compress_settings must not include wbits, "
+                "set server_max_window_bits instead"
+            )
+        if client_max_window_bits is None and require_client_max_window_bits:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "require_client_max_window_bits is enabled, "
+                "but client_max_window_bits isn't configured"
+            )
+
+        self.server_no_context_takeover = server_no_context_takeover
+        self.client_no_context_takeover = client_no_context_takeover
+        self.server_max_window_bits = server_max_window_bits
+        self.client_max_window_bits = client_max_window_bits
+        self.compress_settings = compress_settings
+        self.require_client_max_window_bits = require_client_max_window_bits
+
+    def process_request_params(
+        self,
+        params: Sequence[ExtensionParameter],
+        accepted_extensions: Sequence[Extension],
+    ) -> tuple[list[ExtensionParameter], PerMessageDeflate]:
+        """
+        Process request parameters.
+
+        Return response params and an extension instance.
+
+        """
+        if any(other.name == self.name for other in accepted_extensions):
+            raise NegotiationError(f"skipped duplicate {self.name}")
+
+        # Load request parameters in local variables.
+        (
+            server_no_context_takeover,
+            client_no_context_takeover,
+            server_max_window_bits,
+            client_max_window_bits,
+        ) = _extract_parameters(params, is_server=True)
+
+        # Configuration parameters are available in instance variables.
+
+        # After comparing the request and the configuration, the response must
+        # be available in the local variables.
+
+        # server_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True
+        #   True    False   True - must change value to True
+        #   True    True    True
+
+        if self.server_no_context_takeover:
+            if not server_no_context_takeover:
+                server_no_context_takeover = True
+
+        # client_no_context_takeover
+        #
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   False   False   False
+        #   False   True    True (or False)
+        #   True    False   True - must change value to True
+        #   True    True    True (or False)
+
+        if self.client_no_context_takeover:
+            if not client_no_context_takeover:
+                client_no_context_takeover = True
+
+        # server_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  M
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    N - must change value
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  N - must change value
+
+        if self.server_max_window_bits is None:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            if server_max_window_bits is None:
+                server_max_window_bits = self.server_max_window_bits
+            elif server_max_window_bits > self.server_max_window_bits:
+                server_max_window_bits = self.server_max_window_bits
+
+        # client_max_window_bits
+
+        #   Config  Req.    Resp.
+        #   ------  ------  --------------------------------------------------
+        #   None    None    None
+        #   None    True    None - must change value
+        #   None    8≤M≤15  M (or None)
+        #   8≤N≤15  None    None or Error!
+        #   8≤N≤15  True    N - must change value
+        #   8≤N≤15  8≤M≤N   M (or None)
+        #   8≤N≤15  N<M≤15  N
+
+        if self.client_max_window_bits is None:
+            if client_max_window_bits is True:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+
+        else:
+            if client_max_window_bits is None:
+                if self.require_client_max_window_bits:
+                    raise NegotiationError("required client_max_window_bits")
+            elif client_max_window_bits is True:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+            elif self.client_max_window_bits < client_max_window_bits:
+                client_max_window_bits = self.client_max_window_bits
+
+        return (
+            _build_parameters(
+                server_no_context_takeover,
+                client_no_context_takeover,
+                server_max_window_bits,
+                client_max_window_bits,
+            ),
+            PerMessageDeflate(
+                client_no_context_takeover,  # remote_no_context_takeover
+                server_no_context_takeover,  # local_no_context_takeover
+                client_max_window_bits or 15,  # remote_max_window_bits
+                server_max_window_bits or 15,  # local_max_window_bits
+                self.compress_settings,
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+def enable_server_permessage_deflate(
+    extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None,
+) -> Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory]:
+    """
+    Enable Per-Message Deflate with default settings in server extensions.
+
+    If the extension is already present, perhaps with non-default settings,
+    the configuration isn't changed.
+
+    """
+    if extensions is None:
+        extensions = []
+    if not any(
+        ext_factory.name == ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory.name
+        for ext_factory in extensions
+    ):
+        extensions = list(extensions) + [
+            ServerPerMessageDeflateFactory(
+                server_max_window_bits=12,
+                client_max_window_bits=12,
+                compress_settings={"memLevel": 5},
+            )
+        ]
+    return extensions
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/frames.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/frames.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7716e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/frames.py
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import enum
+import io
+import os
+import secrets
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Callable
+
+from .exceptions import PayloadTooBig, ProtocolError
+from .typing import BytesLike
+
+
+try:
+    from .speedups import apply_mask
+except ImportError:
+    from .utils import apply_mask
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Opcode",
+    "OP_CONT",
+    "OP_TEXT",
+    "OP_BINARY",
+    "OP_CLOSE",
+    "OP_PING",
+    "OP_PONG",
+    "DATA_OPCODES",
+    "CTRL_OPCODES",
+    "CloseCode",
+    "Frame",
+    "Close",
+]
+
+
+class Opcode(enum.IntEnum):
+    """Opcode values for WebSocket frames."""
+
+    CONT, TEXT, BINARY = 0x00, 0x01, 0x02
+    CLOSE, PING, PONG = 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A
+
+
+OP_CONT = Opcode.CONT
+OP_TEXT = Opcode.TEXT
+OP_BINARY = Opcode.BINARY
+OP_CLOSE = Opcode.CLOSE
+OP_PING = Opcode.PING
+OP_PONG = Opcode.PONG
+
+DATA_OPCODES = OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, OP_BINARY
+CTRL_OPCODES = OP_CLOSE, OP_PING, OP_PONG
+
+
+class CloseCode(enum.IntEnum):
+    """Close code values for WebSocket close frames."""
+
+    NORMAL_CLOSURE = 1000
+    GOING_AWAY = 1001
+    PROTOCOL_ERROR = 1002
+    UNSUPPORTED_DATA = 1003
+    # 1004 is reserved
+    NO_STATUS_RCVD = 1005
+    ABNORMAL_CLOSURE = 1006
+    INVALID_DATA = 1007
+    POLICY_VIOLATION = 1008
+    MESSAGE_TOO_BIG = 1009
+    MANDATORY_EXTENSION = 1010
+    INTERNAL_ERROR = 1011
+    SERVICE_RESTART = 1012
+    TRY_AGAIN_LATER = 1013
+    BAD_GATEWAY = 1014
+    TLS_HANDSHAKE = 1015
+
+
+# See https://www.iana.org/assignments/websocket/websocket.xhtml
+CLOSE_CODE_EXPLANATIONS: dict[int, str] = {
+    CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE: "OK",
+    CloseCode.GOING_AWAY: "going away",
+    CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR: "protocol error",
+    CloseCode.UNSUPPORTED_DATA: "unsupported data",
+    CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD: "no status received [internal]",
+    CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE: "abnormal closure [internal]",
+    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA: "invalid frame payload data",
+    CloseCode.POLICY_VIOLATION: "policy violation",
+    CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG: "message too big",
+    CloseCode.MANDATORY_EXTENSION: "mandatory extension",
+    CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR: "internal error",
+    CloseCode.SERVICE_RESTART: "service restart",
+    CloseCode.TRY_AGAIN_LATER: "try again later",
+    CloseCode.BAD_GATEWAY: "bad gateway",
+    CloseCode.TLS_HANDSHAKE: "TLS handshake failure [internal]",
+}
+
+
+# Close code that are allowed in a close frame.
+# Using a set optimizes `code in EXTERNAL_CLOSE_CODES`.
+EXTERNAL_CLOSE_CODES = {
+    CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+    CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+    CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR,
+    CloseCode.UNSUPPORTED_DATA,
+    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+    CloseCode.POLICY_VIOLATION,
+    CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG,
+    CloseCode.MANDATORY_EXTENSION,
+    CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+    CloseCode.SERVICE_RESTART,
+    CloseCode.TRY_AGAIN_LATER,
+    CloseCode.BAD_GATEWAY,
+}
+
+
+OK_CLOSE_CODES = {
+    CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+    CloseCode.GOING_AWAY,
+    CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD,
+}
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Frame:
+    """
+    WebSocket frame.
+
+    Attributes:
+        opcode: Opcode.
+        data: Payload data.
+        fin: FIN bit.
+        rsv1: RSV1 bit.
+        rsv2: RSV2 bit.
+        rsv3: RSV3 bit.
+
+    Only these fields are needed. The MASK bit, payload length and masking-key
+    are handled on the fly when parsing and serializing frames.
+
+    """
+
+    opcode: Opcode
+    data: BytesLike
+    fin: bool = True
+    rsv1: bool = False
+    rsv2: bool = False
+    rsv3: bool = False
+
+    # Configure if you want to see more in logs. Should be a multiple of 3.
+    MAX_LOG_SIZE = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_LOG_SIZE", "75"))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a human-readable representation of a frame.
+
+        """
+        coding = None
+        length = f"{len(self.data)} byte{'' if len(self.data) == 1 else 's'}"
+        non_final = "" if self.fin else "continued"
+
+        if self.opcode is OP_TEXT:
+            # Decoding only the beginning and the end is needlessly hard.
+            # Decode the entire payload then elide later if necessary.
+            data = repr(bytes(self.data).decode())
+        elif self.opcode is OP_BINARY:
+            # We'll show at most the first 16 bytes and the last 8 bytes.
+            # Encode just what we need, plus two dummy bytes to elide later.
+            binary = self.data
+            if len(binary) > self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3:
+                cut = (self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3 - 1) // 3  # by default cut = 8
+                binary = b"".join([binary[: 2 * cut], b"\x00\x00", binary[-cut:]])
+            data = " ".join(f"{byte:02x}" for byte in binary)
+        elif self.opcode is OP_CLOSE:
+            data = str(Close.parse(self.data))
+        elif self.data:
+            # We don't know if a Continuation frame contains text or binary.
+            # Ping and Pong frames could contain UTF-8.
+            # Attempt to decode as UTF-8 and display it as text; fallback to
+            # binary. If self.data is a memoryview, it has no decode() method,
+            # which raises AttributeError.
+            try:
+                data = repr(bytes(self.data).decode())
+                coding = "text"
+            except (UnicodeDecodeError, AttributeError):
+                binary = self.data
+                if len(binary) > self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3:
+                    cut = (self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3 - 1) // 3  # by default cut = 8
+                    binary = b"".join([binary[: 2 * cut], b"\x00\x00", binary[-cut:]])
+                data = " ".join(f"{byte:02x}" for byte in binary)
+                coding = "binary"
+        else:
+            data = "''"
+
+        if len(data) > self.MAX_LOG_SIZE:
+            cut = self.MAX_LOG_SIZE // 3 - 1  # by default cut = 24
+            data = data[: 2 * cut] + "..." + data[-cut:]
+
+        metadata = ", ".join(filter(None, [coding, length, non_final]))
+
+        return f"{self.opcode.name} {data} [{metadata}]"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        read_exact: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> Generator[None, None, Frame]:
+        """
+        Parse a WebSocket frame.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        Args:
+            read_exact: Generator-based coroutine that reads the requested
+                bytes or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the read
+                happens on the server side.
+            max_size: Maximum payload size in bytes.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in reverse order.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full WebSocket frame.
+            PayloadTooBig: If the frame's payload size exceeds ``max_size``.
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+        # Read the header.
+        data = yield from read_exact(2)
+        head1, head2 = struct.unpack("!BB", data)
+
+        # While not Pythonic, this is marginally faster than calling bool().
+        fin = True if head1 & 0b10000000 else False
+        rsv1 = True if head1 & 0b01000000 else False
+        rsv2 = True if head1 & 0b00100000 else False
+        rsv3 = True if head1 & 0b00010000 else False
+
+        try:
+            opcode = Opcode(head1 & 0b00001111)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise ProtocolError("invalid opcode") from exc
+
+        if (True if head2 & 0b10000000 else False) != mask:
+            raise ProtocolError("incorrect masking")
+
+        length = head2 & 0b01111111
+        if length == 126:
+            data = yield from read_exact(2)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!H", data)
+        elif length == 127:
+            data = yield from read_exact(8)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!Q", data)
+        if max_size is not None and length > max_size:
+            raise PayloadTooBig(length, max_size)
+        if mask:
+            mask_bytes = yield from read_exact(4)
+
+        # Read the data.
+        data = yield from read_exact(length)
+        if mask:
+            data = apply_mask(data, mask_bytes)
+
+        frame = cls(opcode, data, fin, rsv1, rsv2, rsv3)
+
+        if extensions is None:
+            extensions = []
+        for extension in reversed(extensions):
+            frame = extension.decode(frame, max_size=max_size)
+
+        frame.check()
+
+        return frame
+
+    def serialize(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a WebSocket frame.
+
+        Args:
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the write
+                happens on the client side.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in order.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+        self.check()
+
+        if extensions is None:
+            extensions = []
+        for extension in extensions:
+            self = extension.encode(self)
+
+        output = io.BytesIO()
+
+        # Prepare the header.
+        head1 = (
+            (0b10000000 if self.fin else 0)
+            | (0b01000000 if self.rsv1 else 0)
+            | (0b00100000 if self.rsv2 else 0)
+            | (0b00010000 if self.rsv3 else 0)
+            | self.opcode
+        )
+
+        head2 = 0b10000000 if mask else 0
+
+        length = len(self.data)
+        if length < 126:
+            output.write(struct.pack("!BB", head1, head2 | length))
+        elif length < 65536:
+            output.write(struct.pack("!BBH", head1, head2 | 126, length))
+        else:
+            output.write(struct.pack("!BBQ", head1, head2 | 127, length))
+
+        if mask:
+            mask_bytes = secrets.token_bytes(4)
+            output.write(mask_bytes)
+
+        # Prepare the data.
+        data: BytesLike
+        if mask:
+            data = apply_mask(self.data, mask_bytes)
+        else:
+            data = self.data
+        output.write(data)
+
+        return output.getvalue()
+
+    def check(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Check that reserved bits and opcode have acceptable values.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a reserved bit or the opcode is invalid.
+
+        """
+        if self.rsv1 or self.rsv2 or self.rsv3:
+            raise ProtocolError("reserved bits must be 0")
+
+        if self.opcode in CTRL_OPCODES:
+            if len(self.data) > 125:
+                raise ProtocolError("control frame too long")
+            if not self.fin:
+                raise ProtocolError("fragmented control frame")
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Close:
+    """
+    Code and reason for WebSocket close frames.
+
+    Attributes:
+        code: Close code.
+        reason: Close reason.
+
+    """
+
+    code: CloseCode | int
+    reason: str
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a human-readable representation of a close code and reason.
+
+        """
+        if 3000 <= self.code < 4000:
+            explanation = "registered"
+        elif 4000 <= self.code < 5000:
+            explanation = "private use"
+        else:
+            explanation = CLOSE_CODE_EXPLANATIONS.get(self.code, "unknown")
+        result = f"{self.code} ({explanation})"
+
+        if self.reason:
+            result = f"{result} {self.reason}"
+
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, data: BytesLike) -> Close:
+        """
+        Parse the payload of a close frame.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the close frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If data is ill-formed.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If the reason isn't valid UTF-8.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, memoryview):
+            raise AssertionError("only compressed outgoing frames use memoryview")
+        if len(data) >= 2:
+            (code,) = struct.unpack("!H", data[:2])
+            reason = data[2:].decode()
+            close = cls(code, reason)
+            close.check()
+            return close
+        elif len(data) == 0:
+            return cls(CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD, "")
+        else:
+            raise ProtocolError("close frame too short")
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize the payload of a close frame.
+
+        """
+        self.check()
+        return struct.pack("!H", self.code) + self.reason.encode()
+
+    def check(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Check that the close code has a valid value for a close frame.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the close code is invalid.
+
+        """
+        if not (self.code in EXTERNAL_CLOSE_CODES or 3000 <= self.code < 5000):
+            raise ProtocolError("invalid status code")
+
+
+# At the bottom to break import cycles created by type annotations.
+from . import extensions  # noqa: E402
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/headers.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/headers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e05ff5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/headers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import ipaddress
+import re
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar, cast
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidHeaderFormat, InvalidHeaderValue
+from .typing import (
+    ConnectionOption,
+    ExtensionHeader,
+    ExtensionName,
+    ExtensionParameter,
+    Subprotocol,
+    UpgradeProtocol,
+)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "build_host",
+    "parse_connection",
+    "parse_upgrade",
+    "parse_extension",
+    "build_extension",
+    "parse_subprotocol",
+    "build_subprotocol",
+    "validate_subprotocols",
+    "build_www_authenticate_basic",
+    "parse_authorization_basic",
+    "build_authorization_basic",
+]
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def build_host(
+    host: str,
+    port: int,
+    secure: bool,
+    *,
+    always_include_port: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``Host`` header.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
+    # IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in brackets.
+    try:
+        address = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
+    except ValueError:
+        # host is a hostname
+        pass
+    else:
+        # host is an IP address
+        if address.version == 6:
+            host = f"[{host}]"
+
+    if always_include_port or port != (443 if secure else 80):
+        host = f"{host}:{port}"
+
+    return host
+
+
+# To avoid a dependency on a parsing library, we implement manually the ABNF
+# described in https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-9.1 and
+# https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#appendix-B.
+
+
+def peek_ahead(header: str, pos: int) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Return the next character from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return :obj:`None` at the end of ``header``.
+
+    We never need to peek more than one character ahead.
+
+    """
+    return None if pos == len(header) else header[pos]
+
+
+_OWS_re = re.compile(r"[\t ]*")
+
+
+def parse_OWS(header: str, pos: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Parse optional whitespace from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the new position.
+
+    The whitespace itself isn't returned because it isn't significant.
+
+    """
+    # There's always a match, possibly empty, whose content doesn't matter.
+    match = _OWS_re.match(header, pos)
+    assert match is not None
+    return match.end()
+
+
+_token_re = re.compile(r"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+")
+
+
+def parse_token(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a token from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the token value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _token_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected token", header, pos)
+    return match.group(), match.end()
+
+
+_quoted_string_re = re.compile(
+    r'"(?:[\x09\x20-\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7e]|\\[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff])*"'
+)
+
+
+_unquote_re = re.compile(r"\\([\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff])")
+
+
+def parse_quoted_string(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a quoted string from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the unquoted value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _quoted_string_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected quoted string", header, pos)
+    return _unquote_re.sub(r"\1", match.group()[1:-1]), match.end()
+
+
+_quotable_re = re.compile(r"[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]*")
+
+
+_quote_re = re.compile(r"([\x22\x5c])")
+
+
+def build_quoted_string(value: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Format ``value`` as a quoted string.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_quoted_string`.
+
+    """
+    match = _quotable_re.fullmatch(value)
+    if match is None:
+        raise ValueError("invalid characters for quoted-string encoding")
+    return '"' + _quote_re.sub(r"\\\1", value) + '"'
+
+
+def parse_list(
+    parse_item: Callable[[str, int, str], tuple[T, int]],
+    header: str,
+    pos: int,
+    header_name: str,
+) -> list[T]:
+    """
+    Parse a comma-separated list from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    This is appropriate for parsing values with the following grammar:
+
+        1#item
+
+    ``parse_item`` parses one item.
+
+    ``header`` is assumed not to start or end with whitespace.
+
+    (This function is designed for parsing an entire header value and
+    :func:`~websockets.http.read_headers` strips whitespace from values.)
+
+    Return a list of items.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    # Per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-7, "a recipient
+    # MUST parse and ignore a reasonable number of empty list elements";
+    # hence while loops that remove extra delimiters.
+
+    # Remove extra delimiters before the first item.
+    while peek_ahead(header, pos) == ",":
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+
+    items = []
+    while True:
+        # Loop invariant: a item starts at pos in header.
+        item, pos = parse_item(header, pos, header_name)
+        items.append(item)
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+
+        # We may have reached the end of the header.
+        if pos == len(header):
+            break
+
+        # There must be a delimiter after each element except the last one.
+        if peek_ahead(header, pos) == ",":
+            pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+        else:
+            raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected comma", header, pos)
+
+        # Remove extra delimiters before the next item.
+        while peek_ahead(header, pos) == ",":
+            pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+
+        # We may have reached the end of the header.
+        if pos == len(header):
+            break
+
+    # Since we only advance in the header by one character with peek_ahead()
+    # or with the end position of a regex match, we can't overshoot the end.
+    assert pos == len(header)
+
+    return items
+
+
+def parse_connection_option(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[ConnectionOption, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a Connection option from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the protocol value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    item, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    return cast(ConnectionOption, item), pos
+
+
+def parse_connection(header: str) -> list[ConnectionOption]:
+    """
+    Parse a ``Connection`` header.
+
+    Return a list of HTTP connection options.
+
+    Args
+        header: value of the ``Connection`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_connection_option, header, 0, "Connection")
+
+
+_protocol_re = re.compile(
+    r"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+(?:/[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+)?"
+)
+
+
+def parse_upgrade_protocol(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[UpgradeProtocol, int]:
+    """
+    Parse an Upgrade protocol from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the protocol value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _protocol_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected protocol", header, pos)
+    return cast(UpgradeProtocol, match.group()), match.end()
+
+
+def parse_upgrade(header: str) -> list[UpgradeProtocol]:
+    """
+    Parse an ``Upgrade`` header.
+
+    Return a list of HTTP protocols.
+
+    Args:
+        header: Value of the ``Upgrade`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_upgrade_protocol, header, 0, "Upgrade")
+
+
+def parse_extension_item_param(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[ExtensionParameter, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a single extension parameter from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return a ``(name, value)`` pair and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    # Extract parameter name.
+    name, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+    # Extract parameter value, if there is one.
+    value: str | None = None
+    if peek_ahead(header, pos) == "=":
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+        if peek_ahead(header, pos) == '"':
+            pos_before = pos  # for proper error reporting below
+            value, pos = parse_quoted_string(header, pos, header_name)
+            # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-9.1 says:
+            # the value after quoted-string unescaping MUST conform to
+            # the 'token' ABNF.
+            if _token_re.fullmatch(value) is None:
+                raise InvalidHeaderFormat(
+                    header_name, "invalid quoted header content", header, pos_before
+                )
+        else:
+            value, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+
+    return (name, value), pos
+
+
+def parse_extension_item(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[ExtensionHeader, int]:
+    """
+    Parse an extension definition from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return an ``(extension name, parameters)`` pair, where ``parameters`` is a
+    list of ``(name, value)`` pairs, and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    # Extract extension name.
+    name, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    pos = parse_OWS(header, pos)
+    # Extract all parameters.
+    parameters = []
+    while peek_ahead(header, pos) == ";":
+        pos = parse_OWS(header, pos + 1)
+        parameter, pos = parse_extension_item_param(header, pos, header_name)
+        parameters.append(parameter)
+    return (cast(ExtensionName, name), parameters), pos
+
+
+def parse_extension(header: str) -> list[ExtensionHeader]:
+    """
+    Parse a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header.
+
+    Return a list of WebSocket extensions and their parameters in this format::
+
+        [
+            (
+                'extension name',
+                [
+                    ('parameter name', 'parameter value'),
+                    ....
+                ]
+            ),
+            ...
+        ]
+
+    Parameter values are :obj:`None` when no value is provided.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_extension_item, header, 0, "Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+
+parse_extension_list = parse_extension  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def build_extension_item(
+    name: ExtensionName, parameters: Sequence[ExtensionParameter]
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Build an extension definition.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_extension_item`.
+
+    """
+    return "; ".join(
+        [cast(str, name)]
+        + [
+            # Quoted strings aren't necessary because values are always tokens.
+            name if value is None else f"{name}={value}"
+            for name, value in parameters
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def build_extension(extensions: Sequence[ExtensionHeader]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_extension`.
+
+    """
+    return ", ".join(
+        build_extension_item(name, parameters) for name, parameters in extensions
+    )
+
+
+build_extension_list = build_extension  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def parse_subprotocol_item(
+    header: str, pos: int, header_name: str
+) -> tuple[Subprotocol, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a subprotocol from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the subprotocol value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    item, pos = parse_token(header, pos, header_name)
+    return cast(Subprotocol, item), pos
+
+
+def parse_subprotocol(header: str) -> list[Subprotocol]:
+    """
+    Parse a ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` header.
+
+    Return a list of WebSocket subprotocols.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    return parse_list(parse_subprotocol_item, header, 0, "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+
+parse_subprotocol_list = parse_subprotocol  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def build_subprotocol(subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol]) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` header.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_subprotocol`.
+
+    """
+    return ", ".join(subprotocols)
+
+
+build_subprotocol_list = build_subprotocol  # alias for backwards compatibility
+
+
+def validate_subprotocols(subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol]) -> None:
+    """
+    Validate that ``subprotocols`` is suitable for :func:`build_subprotocol`.
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(subprotocols, Sequence):
+        raise TypeError("subprotocols must be a list")
+    if isinstance(subprotocols, str):
+        raise TypeError("subprotocols must be a list, not a str")
+    for subprotocol in subprotocols:
+        if not _token_re.fullmatch(subprotocol):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid subprotocol: {subprotocol}")
+
+
+def build_www_authenticate_basic(realm: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a ``WWW-Authenticate`` header for HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Identifier of the protection space.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617#section-2
+    realm = build_quoted_string(realm)
+    charset = build_quoted_string("UTF-8")
+    return f"Basic realm={realm}, charset={charset}"
+
+
+_token68_re = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9-._~+/]+=*")
+
+
+def parse_token68(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+    """
+    Parse a token68 from ``header`` at the given position.
+
+    Return the token value and the new position.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+
+    """
+    match = _token68_re.match(header, pos)
+    if match is None:
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "expected token68", header, pos)
+    return match.group(), match.end()
+
+
+def parse_end(header: str, pos: int, header_name: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check that parsing reached the end of header.
+
+    """
+    if pos < len(header):
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(header_name, "trailing data", header, pos)
+
+
+def parse_authorization_basic(header: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """
+    Parse an ``Authorization`` header for HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    Return a ``(username, password)`` tuple.
+
+    Args:
+        header: Value of the ``Authorization`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHeaderFormat: On invalid inputs.
+        InvalidHeaderValue: On unsupported inputs.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7235#section-2.1
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617#section-2
+    scheme, pos = parse_token(header, 0, "Authorization")
+    if scheme.lower() != "basic":
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+            "Authorization",
+            f"unsupported scheme: {scheme}",
+        )
+    if peek_ahead(header, pos) != " ":
+        raise InvalidHeaderFormat(
+            "Authorization", "expected space after scheme", header, pos
+        )
+    pos += 1
+    basic_credentials, pos = parse_token68(header, pos, "Authorization")
+    parse_end(header, pos, "Authorization")
+
+    try:
+        user_pass = base64.b64decode(basic_credentials.encode()).decode()
+    except binascii.Error:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+            "Authorization",
+            "expected base64-encoded credentials",
+        ) from None
+    try:
+        username, password = user_pass.split(":", 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+            "Authorization",
+            "expected username:password credentials",
+        ) from None
+
+    return username, password
+
+
+def build_authorization_basic(username: str, password: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Build an ``Authorization`` header for HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    This is the reverse of :func:`parse_authorization_basic`.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7617#section-2
+    assert ":" not in username
+    user_pass = f"{username}:{password}"
+    basic_credentials = base64.b64encode(user_pass.encode()).decode()
+    return "Basic " + basic_credentials
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d860e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError  # noqa: F401
+
+
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    # Suppress redundant DeprecationWarning raised by websockets.legacy.
+    warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+    from .legacy.http import read_request, read_response  # noqa: F401
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 9.0 - 2021-09-01
+    "Headers and MultipleValuesError were moved "
+    "from websockets.http to websockets.datastructures"
+    "and read_request and read_response were moved "
+    "from websockets.http to websockets.legacy.http",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http11.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http11.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5af73eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/http11.py
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from typing import Callable
+
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .exceptions import SecurityError
+from .version import version as websockets_version
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "SERVER",
+    "USER_AGENT",
+    "Request",
+    "Response",
+]
+
+
+PYTHON_VERSION = "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)
+
+# User-Agent header for HTTP requests.
+USER_AGENT = os.environ.get(
+    "WEBSOCKETS_USER_AGENT",
+    f"Python/{PYTHON_VERSION} websockets/{websockets_version}",
+)
+
+# Server header for HTTP responses.
+SERVER = os.environ.get(
+    "WEBSOCKETS_SERVER",
+    f"Python/{PYTHON_VERSION} websockets/{websockets_version}",
+)
+
+# Maximum total size of headers is around 128 * 8 KiB = 1 MiB.
+MAX_NUM_HEADERS = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_NUM_HEADERS", "128"))
+
+# Limit request line and header lines. 8KiB is the most common default
+# configuration of popular HTTP servers.
+MAX_LINE_LENGTH = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_LINE_LENGTH", "8192"))
+
+# Support for HTTP response bodies is intended to read an error message
+# returned by a server. It isn't designed to perform large file transfers.
+MAX_BODY_SIZE = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_BODY_SIZE", "1_048_576"))  # 1 MiB
+
+
+def d(value: bytes | bytearray) -> str:
+    """
+    Decode a bytestring for interpolating into an error message.
+
+    """
+    return value.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+
+
+# See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#appendix-B.
+
+# Regex for validating header names.
+
+_token_re = re.compile(rb"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+")
+
+# Regex for validating header values.
+
+# We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+# Include HTAB (\x09), SP (\x20), VCHAR (\x21-\x7e), obs-text (\x80-\xff).
+
+# The ABNF is complicated because it attempts to express that optional
+# whitespace is ignored. We strip whitespace and don't revalidate that.
+
+# See also https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+
+_value_re = re.compile(rb"[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]*")
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Request:
+    """
+    WebSocket handshake request.
+
+    Attributes:
+        path: Request path, including optional query.
+        headers: Request headers.
+    """
+
+    path: str
+    headers: Headers
+    # body isn't useful is the context of this library.
+
+    _exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> Exception | None:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 10.3 - 2022-04-17
+            "Request.exception is deprecated; use ServerProtocol.handshake_exc instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return self._exception
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+    ) -> Generator[None, None, Request]:
+        """
+        Parse a WebSocket handshake request.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        The request path isn't URL-decoded or validated in any way.
+
+        The request path and headers are expected to contain only ASCII
+        characters. Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+        :meth:`parse` doesn't attempt to read the request body because
+        WebSocket handshake requests don't have one. If the request contains a
+        body, it may be read from the data stream after :meth:`parse` returns.
+
+        Args:
+            read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated
+                line or raises an exception if there isn't enough data
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP request.
+            SecurityError: If the request exceeds a security limit.
+            ValueError: If the request isn't well formatted.
+
+        """
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.1
+
+        # Parsing is simple because fixed values are expected for method and
+        # version and because path isn't checked. Since WebSocket software tends
+        # to implement HTTP/1.1 strictly, there's little need for lenient parsing.
+
+        try:
+            request_line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP request line") from exc
+
+        try:
+            method, raw_path, protocol = request_line.split(b" ", 2)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP request line: {d(request_line)}") from None
+        if protocol != b"HTTP/1.1":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"unsupported protocol; expected HTTP/1.1: {d(request_line)}"
+            )
+        if method != b"GET":
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP method; expected GET; got {d(method)}")
+        path = raw_path.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
+        headers = yield from parse_headers(read_line)
+
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+
+        if "Transfer-Encoding" in headers:
+            raise NotImplementedError("transfer codings aren't supported")
+
+        if "Content-Length" in headers:
+            # Some devices send a Content-Length header with a value of 0.
+            # This raises ValueError if Content-Length isn't an integer too.
+            if int(headers["Content-Length"]) != 0:
+                raise ValueError("unsupported request body")
+
+        return cls(path, headers)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a WebSocket handshake request.
+
+        """
+        # Since the request line and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        request = f"GET {self.path} HTTP/1.1\r\n".encode()
+        request += self.headers.serialize()
+        return request
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Response:
+    """
+    WebSocket handshake response.
+
+    Attributes:
+        status_code: Response code.
+        reason_phrase: Response reason.
+        headers: Response headers.
+        body: Response body.
+
+    """
+
+    status_code: int
+    reason_phrase: str
+    headers: Headers
+    body: bytes | bytearray = b""
+
+    _exception: Exception | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def exception(self) -> Exception | None:  # pragma: no cover
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 10.3 - 2022-04-17
+            "Response.exception is deprecated; "
+            "use ClientProtocol.handshake_exc instead",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return self._exception
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(
+        cls,
+        read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        read_exact: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        read_to_eof: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+        proxy: bool = False,
+    ) -> Generator[None, None, Response]:
+        """
+        Parse a WebSocket handshake response.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        The reason phrase and headers are expected to contain only ASCII
+        characters. Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+        Args:
+            read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated
+                line or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+            read_exact: Generator-based coroutine that reads the requested
+                bytes or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+            read_to_eof: Generator-based coroutine that reads until the end
+                of the stream.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP response.
+            SecurityError: If the response exceeds a security limit.
+            LookupError: If the response isn't well formatted.
+            ValueError: If the response isn't well formatted.
+
+        """
+        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.2
+
+        try:
+            status_line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP status line") from exc
+
+        try:
+            protocol, raw_status_code, raw_reason = status_line.split(b" ", 2)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP status line: {d(status_line)}") from None
+        if proxy:  # some proxies still use HTTP/1.0
+            if protocol not in [b"HTTP/1.1", b"HTTP/1.0"]:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"unsupported protocol; expected HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/1.0: "
+                    f"{d(status_line)}"
+                )
+        else:
+            if protocol != b"HTTP/1.1":
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"unsupported protocol; expected HTTP/1.1: {d(status_line)}"
+                )
+        try:
+            status_code = int(raw_status_code)
+        except ValueError:  # invalid literal for int() with base 10
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid status code; expected integer; got {d(raw_status_code)}"
+            ) from None
+        if not 100 <= status_code < 600:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid status code; expected 100–599; got {d(raw_status_code)}"
+            )
+        if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_reason):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP reason phrase: {d(raw_reason)}")
+        reason = raw_reason.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
+        headers = yield from parse_headers(read_line)
+
+        body: bytes | bytearray
+        if proxy:
+            body = b""
+        else:
+            body = yield from read_body(
+                status_code, headers, read_line, read_exact, read_to_eof
+            )
+
+        return cls(status_code, reason, headers, body)
+
+    def serialize(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize a WebSocket handshake response.
+
+        """
+        # Since the status line and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        response = f"HTTP/1.1 {self.status_code} {self.reason_phrase}\r\n".encode()
+        response += self.headers.serialize()
+        response += self.body
+        return response
+
+
+def parse_line(
+    read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+) -> Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]:
+    """
+    Parse a single line.
+
+    CRLF is stripped from the return value.
+
+    Args:
+        read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated line
+            or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without a CRLF.
+        SecurityError: If the response exceeds a security limit.
+
+    """
+    try:
+        line = yield from read_line(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)
+    except RuntimeError:
+        raise SecurityError("line too long")
+    # Not mandatory but safe - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.5
+    if not line.endswith(b"\r\n"):
+        raise EOFError("line without CRLF")
+    return line[:-2]
+
+
+def parse_headers(
+    read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+) -> Generator[None, None, Headers]:
+    """
+    Parse HTTP headers.
+
+    Non-ASCII characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    Args:
+        read_line: Generator-based coroutine that reads a LF-terminated line
+            or raises an exception if there isn't enough data.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without complete headers.
+        SecurityError: If the request exceeds a security limit.
+        ValueError: If the request isn't well formatted.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
+
+    # We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+    headers = Headers()
+    for _ in range(MAX_NUM_HEADERS + 1):
+        try:
+            line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP headers") from exc
+        if line == b"":
+            break
+
+        try:
+            raw_name, raw_value = line.split(b":", 1)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header line: {d(line)}") from None
+        if not _token_re.fullmatch(raw_name):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header name: {d(raw_name)}")
+        raw_value = raw_value.strip(b" \t")
+        if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_value):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header value: {d(raw_value)}")
+
+        name = raw_name.decode("ascii")  # guaranteed to be ASCII at this point
+        value = raw_value.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+        headers[name] = value
+
+    else:
+        raise SecurityError("too many HTTP headers")
+
+    return headers
+
+
+def read_body(
+    status_code: int,
+    headers: Headers,
+    read_line: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+    read_exact: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+    read_to_eof: Callable[[int], Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]],
+) -> Generator[None, None, bytes | bytearray]:
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+
+    # Since websockets only does GET requests (no HEAD, no CONNECT), all
+    # responses except 1xx, 204, and 304 include a message body.
+    if 100 <= status_code < 200 or status_code == 204 or status_code == 304:
+        return b""
+
+    # MultipleValuesError is sufficiently unlikely that we don't attempt to
+    # handle it when accessing headers. Instead we document that its parent
+    # class, LookupError, may be raised.
+    # Conversions from str to int are protected by sys.set_int_max_str_digits..
+
+    elif (coding := headers.get("Transfer-Encoding")) is not None:
+        if coding != "chunked":
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"transfer coding {coding} isn't supported")
+
+        body = b""
+        while True:
+            chunk_size_line = yield from parse_line(read_line)
+            raw_chunk_size = chunk_size_line.split(b";", 1)[0]
+            # Set a lower limit than default_max_str_digits; 1 EB is plenty.
+            if len(raw_chunk_size) > 15:
+                str_chunk_size = raw_chunk_size.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+                raise SecurityError(f"chunk too large: 0x{str_chunk_size} bytes")
+            chunk_size = int(raw_chunk_size, 16)
+            if chunk_size == 0:
+                break
+            if len(body) + chunk_size > MAX_BODY_SIZE:
+                raise SecurityError(
+                    f"chunk too large: {chunk_size} bytes after {len(body)} bytes"
+                )
+            body += yield from read_exact(chunk_size)
+            if (yield from read_exact(2)) != b"\r\n":
+                raise ValueError("chunk without CRLF")
+        # Read the trailer.
+        yield from parse_headers(read_line)
+        return body
+
+    elif (raw_content_length := headers.get("Content-Length")) is not None:
+        # Set a lower limit than default_max_str_digits; 1 EiB is plenty.
+        if len(raw_content_length) > 18:
+            raise SecurityError(f"body too large: {raw_content_length} bytes")
+        content_length = int(raw_content_length)
+        if content_length > MAX_BODY_SIZE:
+            raise SecurityError(f"body too large: {content_length} bytes")
+        return (yield from read_exact(content_length))
+
+    else:
+        try:
+            return (yield from read_to_eof(MAX_BODY_SIZE))
+        except RuntimeError:
+            raise SecurityError(f"body too large: over {MAX_BODY_SIZE} bytes")
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/imports.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c63fb21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any
+
+
+__all__ = ["lazy_import"]
+
+
+def import_name(name: str, source: str, namespace: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
+    """
+    Import ``name`` from ``source`` in ``namespace``.
+
+    There are two use cases:
+
+    - ``name`` is an object defined in ``source``;
+    - ``name`` is a submodule of ``source``.
+
+    Neither :func:`__import__` nor :func:`~importlib.import_module` does
+    exactly this. :func:`__import__` is closer to the intended behavior.
+
+    """
+    level = 0
+    while source[level] == ".":
+        level += 1
+        assert level < len(source), "importing from parent isn't supported"
+    module = __import__(source[level:], namespace, None, [name], level)
+    return getattr(module, name)
+
+
+def lazy_import(
+    namespace: dict[str, Any],
+    aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    deprecated_aliases: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Provide lazy, module-level imports.
+
+    Typical use::
+
+        __getattr__, __dir__ = lazy_import(
+            globals(),
+            aliases={
+                "<name>": "<source module>",
+                ...
+            },
+            deprecated_aliases={
+                ...,
+            }
+        )
+
+    This function defines ``__getattr__`` and ``__dir__`` per :pep:`562`.
+
+    """
+    if aliases is None:
+        aliases = {}
+    if deprecated_aliases is None:
+        deprecated_aliases = {}
+
+    namespace_set = set(namespace)
+    aliases_set = set(aliases)
+    deprecated_aliases_set = set(deprecated_aliases)
+
+    assert not namespace_set & aliases_set, "namespace conflict"
+    assert not namespace_set & deprecated_aliases_set, "namespace conflict"
+    assert not aliases_set & deprecated_aliases_set, "namespace conflict"
+
+    package = namespace["__name__"]
+
+    def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+        assert aliases is not None  # mypy cannot figure this out
+        try:
+            source = aliases[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            return import_name(name, source, namespace)
+
+        assert deprecated_aliases is not None  # mypy cannot figure this out
+        try:
+            source = deprecated_aliases[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"{package}.{name} is deprecated",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return import_name(name, source, namespace)
+
+        raise AttributeError(f"module {package!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
+
+    namespace["__getattr__"] = __getattr__
+
+    def __dir__() -> Iterable[str]:
+        return sorted(namespace_set | aliases_set | deprecated_aliases_set)
+
+    namespace["__dir__"] = __dir__
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad9aa25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+
+
+warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+    "websockets.legacy is deprecated; "
+    "see https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/howto/upgrade.html "
+    "for upgrade instructions",
+    DeprecationWarning,
+)
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/auth.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a262fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import hmac
+import http
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from ..headers import build_www_authenticate_basic, parse_authorization_basic
+from .server import HTTPResponse, WebSocketServerProtocol
+
+
+__all__ = ["BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol", "basic_auth_protocol_factory"]
+
+Credentials = tuple[str, str]
+
+
+def is_credentials(value: Any) -> bool:
+    try:
+        username, password = value
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return isinstance(username, str) and isinstance(password, str)
+
+
+class BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol(WebSocketServerProtocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket server protocol that enforces HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    """
+
+    realm: str = ""
+    """
+    Scope of protection.
+
+    If provided, it should contain only ASCII characters because the
+    encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined.
+    """
+
+    username: str | None = None
+    """Username of the authenticated user."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *args: Any,
+        realm: str | None = None,
+        check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], Awaitable[bool]] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if realm is not None:
+            self.realm = realm  # shadow class attribute
+        self._check_credentials = check_credentials
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    async def check_credentials(self, username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check whether credentials are authorized.
+
+        This coroutine may be overridden in a subclass, for example to
+        authenticate against a database or an external service.
+
+        Args:
+            username: HTTP Basic Auth username.
+            password: HTTP Basic Auth password.
+
+        Returns:
+            :obj:`True` if the handshake should continue;
+            :obj:`False` if it should fail with an HTTP 401 error.
+
+        """
+        if self._check_credentials is not None:
+            return await self._check_credentials(username, password)
+
+        return False
+
+    async def process_request(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        request_headers: Headers,
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Check HTTP Basic Auth and return an HTTP 401 response if needed.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            authorization = request_headers["Authorization"]
+        except KeyError:
+            return (
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                [("WWW-Authenticate", build_www_authenticate_basic(self.realm))],
+                b"Missing credentials\n",
+            )
+
+        try:
+            username, password = parse_authorization_basic(authorization)
+        except InvalidHeader:
+            return (
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                [("WWW-Authenticate", build_www_authenticate_basic(self.realm))],
+                b"Unsupported credentials\n",
+            )
+
+        if not await self.check_credentials(username, password):
+            return (
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                [("WWW-Authenticate", build_www_authenticate_basic(self.realm))],
+                b"Invalid credentials\n",
+            )
+
+        self.username = username
+
+        return await super().process_request(path, request_headers)
+
+
+def basic_auth_protocol_factory(
+    realm: str | None = None,
+    credentials: Credentials | Iterable[Credentials] | None = None,
+    check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], Awaitable[bool]] | None = None,
+    create_protocol: Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol]:
+    """
+    Protocol factory that enforces HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+    :func:`basic_auth_protocol_factory` is designed to integrate with
+    :func:`~websockets.legacy.server.serve` like this::
+
+        serve(
+            ...,
+            create_protocol=basic_auth_protocol_factory(
+                realm="my dev server",
+                credentials=("hello", "iloveyou"),
+            )
+        )
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Scope of protection. It should contain only ASCII characters
+            because the encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined.
+            Refer to section 2.2 of :rfc:`7235` for details.
+        credentials: Hard coded authorized credentials. It can be a
+            ``(username, password)`` pair or a list of such pairs.
+        check_credentials: Coroutine that verifies credentials.
+            It receives ``username`` and ``password`` arguments
+            and returns a :class:`bool`. One of ``credentials`` or
+            ``check_credentials`` must be provided but not both.
+        create_protocol: Factory that creates the protocol. By default, this
+            is :class:`BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol`. It can be replaced
+            by a subclass.
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If the ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` argument is
+            wrong.
+
+    """
+    if (credentials is None) == (check_credentials is None):
+        raise TypeError("provide either credentials or check_credentials")
+
+    if credentials is not None:
+        if is_credentials(credentials):
+            credentials_list = [cast(Credentials, credentials)]
+        elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[Credentials], credentials))
+            if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
+                raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+
+        credentials_dict = dict(credentials_list)
+
+        async def check_credentials(username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+            try:
+                expected_password = credentials_dict[username]
+            except KeyError:
+                return False
+            return hmac.compare_digest(expected_password, password)
+
+    if create_protocol is None:
+        create_protocol = BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol
+
+    # Help mypy and avoid this error: "type[BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol] |
+    # Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol]" not callable  [misc]
+    create_protocol = cast(
+        Callable[..., BasicAuthWebSocketServerProtocol], create_protocol
+    )
+    return functools.partial(
+        create_protocol,
+        realm=realm,
+        check_credentials=check_credentials,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..575c845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import traceback
+import urllib.parse
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Generator, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from ..datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidHeaderValue,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    NegotiationError,
+    SecurityError,
+)
+from ..extensions import ClientExtensionFactory, Extension
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_client_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import (
+    build_authorization_basic,
+    build_extension,
+    build_host,
+    build_subprotocol,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import USER_AGENT
+from ..typing import ExtensionHeader, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+from ..uri import WebSocketURI, parse_uri
+from .exceptions import InvalidStatusCode, RedirectHandshake
+from .handshake import build_request, check_response
+from .http import read_response
+from .protocol import WebSocketCommonProtocol
+
+
+__all__ = ["connect", "unix_connect", "WebSocketClientProtocol"]
+
+
+class WebSocketClientProtocol(WebSocketCommonProtocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket client connection.
+
+    :class:`WebSocketClientProtocol` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send`
+    coroutines for receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with close code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises
+    a :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection
+    is closed with any other code.
+
+    See :func:`connect` for the documentation of ``logger``, ``origin``,
+    ``extensions``, ``subprotocols``, ``extra_headers``, and
+    ``user_agent_header``.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    """
+
+    is_client = True
+    side = "client"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.client")
+        super().__init__(logger=logger, **kwargs)
+        self.origin = origin
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        self.extra_headers = extra_headers
+        self.user_agent_header = user_agent_header
+
+    def write_http_request(self, path: str, headers: Headers) -> None:
+        """
+        Write request line and headers to the HTTP request.
+
+        """
+        self.path = path
+        self.request_headers = headers
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> GET %s HTTP/1.1", path)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        # Since the path and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        request = f"GET {path} HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+        request += str(headers)
+
+        self.transport.write(request.encode())
+
+    async def read_http_response(self) -> tuple[int, Headers]:
+        """
+        Read status line and headers from the HTTP response.
+
+        If the response contains a body, it may be read from ``self.reader``
+        after this coroutine returns.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidMessage: If the HTTP message is malformed or isn't an
+                HTTP/1.1 GET response.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            status_code, reason, headers = await read_response(self.reader)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise InvalidMessage("did not receive a valid HTTP response") from exc
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< HTTP/1.1 %d %s", status_code, reason)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        self.response_headers = headers
+
+        return status_code, self.response_headers
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_extensions(
+        headers: Headers,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None,
+    ) -> list[Extension]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header.
+
+        Check that each extension is supported, as well as its parameters.
+
+        Return the list of accepted extensions.
+
+        Raise :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.InvalidHandshake` to abort the
+        connection.
+
+        :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each
+        :extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension accepted by
+        the server, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        client configuration. If no match is found, an exception is raised.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are accepted by the server,
+        it may be configured several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        """
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if header_values:
+            if available_extensions is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no extensions supported")
+
+            parsed_header_values: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            for name, response_params in parsed_header_values:
+                for extension_factory in available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if extension_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        extension = extension_factory.process_response_params(
+                            response_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the server sent. Fail the connection.
+                else:
+                    raise NegotiationError(
+                        f"Unsupported extension: "
+                        f"name = {name}, params = {response_params}"
+                    )
+
+        return accepted_extensions
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_subprotocol(
+        headers: Headers, available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header.
+
+        Check that it contains exactly one supported subprotocol.
+
+        Return the selected subprotocol.
+
+        """
+        subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+        if header_values:
+            if available_subprotocols is None:
+                raise NegotiationError("no subprotocols supported")
+
+            parsed_header_values: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum(
+                [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            if len(parsed_header_values) > 1:
+                raise InvalidHeaderValue(
+                    "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol",
+                    f"multiple values: {', '.join(parsed_header_values)}",
+                )
+
+            subprotocol = parsed_header_values[0]
+
+            if subprotocol not in available_subprotocols:
+                raise NegotiationError(f"unsupported subprotocol: {subprotocol}")
+
+        return subprotocol
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        wsuri: WebSocketURI,
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the client side of the opening handshake.
+
+        Args:
+            wsuri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+            origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header.
+            extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+                should be negotiated and run.
+            subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+                preference.
+            extra_headers: Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the handshake request.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake fails.
+
+        """
+        request_headers = Headers()
+
+        request_headers["Host"] = build_host(wsuri.host, wsuri.port, wsuri.secure)
+
+        if wsuri.user_info:
+            request_headers["Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(
+                *wsuri.user_info
+            )
+
+        if origin is not None:
+            request_headers["Origin"] = origin
+
+        key = build_request(request_headers)
+
+        if available_extensions is not None:
+            extensions_header = build_extension(
+                [
+                    (extension_factory.name, extension_factory.get_request_params())
+                    for extension_factory in available_extensions
+                ]
+            )
+            request_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = extensions_header
+
+        if available_subprotocols is not None:
+            protocol_header = build_subprotocol(available_subprotocols)
+            request_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocol_header
+
+        if self.extra_headers is not None:
+            request_headers.update(self.extra_headers)
+
+        if self.user_agent_header:
+            request_headers.setdefault("User-Agent", self.user_agent_header)
+
+        self.write_http_request(wsuri.resource_name, request_headers)
+
+        status_code, response_headers = await self.read_http_response()
+        if status_code in (301, 302, 303, 307, 308):
+            if "Location" not in response_headers:
+                raise InvalidHeader("Location")
+            raise RedirectHandshake(response_headers["Location"])
+        elif status_code != 101:
+            raise InvalidStatusCode(status_code, response_headers)
+
+        check_response(response_headers, key)
+
+        self.extensions = self.process_extensions(
+            response_headers, available_extensions
+        )
+
+        self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(
+            response_headers, available_subprotocols
+        )
+
+        self.connection_open()
+
+
+class Connect:
+    """
+    Connect to the WebSocket server at ``uri``.
+
+    Awaiting :func:`connect` yields a :class:`WebSocketClientProtocol` which
+    can then be used to send and receive messages.
+
+    :func:`connect` can be used as a asynchronous context manager::
+
+        async with connect(...) as websocket:
+            ...
+
+    The connection is closed automatically when exiting the context.
+
+    :func:`connect` can be used as an infinite asynchronous iterator to
+    reconnect automatically on errors::
+
+        async for websocket in connect(...):
+            try:
+                ...
+            except websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed:
+                continue
+
+    The connection is closed automatically after each iteration of the loop.
+
+    If an error occurs while establishing the connection, :func:`connect`
+    retries with exponential backoff. The backoff delay starts at three
+    seconds and increases up to one minute.
+
+    If an error occurs in the body of the loop, you can handle the exception
+    and :func:`connect` will reconnect with the next iteration; or you can
+    let the exception bubble up and break out of the loop. This lets you
+    decide which errors trigger a reconnection and which errors are fatal.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+        create_protocol: Factory for the :class:`asyncio.Protocol` managing
+            the connection. It defaults to :class:`WebSocketClientProtocol`.
+            Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize connection handling.
+        logger: Logger for this client.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header, for servers that require it.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        extra_headers: Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the handshake request.
+        user_agent_header: Value of  the ``User-Agent`` request header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_connection` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enforce TLS
+      settings. When connecting to a ``wss://`` URI, if ``ssl`` isn't
+      provided, a TLS context is created
+      with :func:`~ssl.create_default_context`.
+
+    * You can set ``host`` and ``port`` to connect to a different host and
+      port from those found in ``uri``. This only changes the destination of
+      the TCP connection. The host name from ``uri`` is still used in the TLS
+      handshake for secure connections and in the ``Host`` header.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+        OSError: If the TCP connection fails.
+        InvalidHandshake: If the opening handshake fails.
+        ~asyncio.TimeoutError: If the opening handshake times out.
+
+    """
+
+    MAX_REDIRECTS_ALLOWED = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_REDIRECTS", "10"))
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        uri: str,
+        *,
+        create_protocol: Callable[..., WebSocketClientProtocol] | None = None,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        origin: Origin | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = None,
+        max_size: int | None = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None = 2**5,
+        read_limit: int = 2**16,
+        write_limit: int = 2**16,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Backwards compatibility: close_timeout used to be called timeout.
+        timeout: float | None = kwargs.pop("timeout", None)
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = 10
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename timeout to close_timeout", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, timeout is ignored.
+        if close_timeout is None:
+            close_timeout = timeout
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: create_protocol used to be called klass.
+        klass: type[WebSocketClientProtocol] | None = kwargs.pop("klass", None)
+        if klass is None:
+            klass = WebSocketClientProtocol
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename klass to create_protocol", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, klass is ignored.
+        if create_protocol is None:
+            create_protocol = klass
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: recv() used to return None on closed connections
+        legacy_recv: bool = kwargs.pop("legacy_recv", False)
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: the loop parameter used to be supported.
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = kwargs.pop("loop", None)
+        if _loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        else:
+            loop = _loop
+            warnings.warn("remove loop argument", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        wsuri = parse_uri(uri)
+        if wsuri.secure:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ssl", True)
+        elif kwargs.get("ssl") is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "connect() received a ssl argument for a ws:// URI, "
+                "use a wss:// URI to enable TLS"
+            )
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_client_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        # Help mypy and avoid this error: "type[WebSocketClientProtocol] |
+        # Callable[..., WebSocketClientProtocol]" not callable  [misc]
+        create_protocol = cast(Callable[..., WebSocketClientProtocol], create_protocol)
+        factory = functools.partial(
+            create_protocol,
+            logger=logger,
+            origin=origin,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            subprotocols=subprotocols,
+            extra_headers=extra_headers,
+            user_agent_header=user_agent_header,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            read_limit=read_limit,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+            host=wsuri.host,
+            port=wsuri.port,
+            secure=wsuri.secure,
+            legacy_recv=legacy_recv,
+            loop=_loop,
+        )
+
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+            create_connection = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_unix_connection, factory, path, **kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            host: str | None
+            port: int | None
+            if kwargs.get("sock") is None:
+                host, port = wsuri.host, wsuri.port
+            else:
+                # If sock is given, host and port shouldn't be specified.
+                host, port = None, None
+                if kwargs.get("ssl"):
+                    kwargs.setdefault("server_hostname", wsuri.host)
+            # If host and port are given, override values from the URI.
+            host = kwargs.pop("host", host)
+            port = kwargs.pop("port", port)
+            create_connection = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_connection, factory, host, port, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.client")
+        self.logger = logger
+
+        # This is a coroutine function.
+        self._create_connection = create_connection
+        self._uri = uri
+        self._wsuri = wsuri
+
+    def handle_redirect(self, uri: str) -> None:
+        # Update the state of this instance to connect to a new URI.
+        old_uri = self._uri
+        old_wsuri = self._wsuri
+        new_uri = urllib.parse.urljoin(old_uri, uri)
+        new_wsuri = parse_uri(new_uri)
+
+        # Forbid TLS downgrade.
+        if old_wsuri.secure and not new_wsuri.secure:
+            raise SecurityError("redirect from WSS to WS")
+
+        same_origin = (
+            old_wsuri.secure == new_wsuri.secure
+            and old_wsuri.host == new_wsuri.host
+            and old_wsuri.port == new_wsuri.port
+        )
+
+        # Rewrite secure, host, and port for cross-origin redirects.
+        # This preserves connection overrides with the host and port
+        # arguments if the redirect points to the same host and port.
+        if not same_origin:
+            factory = self._create_connection.args[0]
+            # Support TLS upgrade.
+            if not old_wsuri.secure and new_wsuri.secure:
+                factory.keywords["secure"] = True
+                self._create_connection.keywords.setdefault("ssl", True)
+            # Replace secure, host, and port arguments of the protocol factory.
+            factory = functools.partial(
+                factory.func,
+                *factory.args,
+                **dict(factory.keywords, host=new_wsuri.host, port=new_wsuri.port),
+            )
+            # Replace secure, host, and port arguments of create_connection.
+            self._create_connection = functools.partial(
+                self._create_connection.func,
+                *(factory, new_wsuri.host, new_wsuri.port),
+                **self._create_connection.keywords,
+            )
+
+        # Set the new WebSocket URI. This suffices for same-origin redirects.
+        self._uri = new_uri
+        self._wsuri = new_wsuri
+
+    # async for ... in connect(...):
+
+    BACKOFF_INITIAL = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_INITIAL_DELAY", "5"))
+    BACKOFF_MIN = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MIN_DELAY", "3.1"))
+    BACKOFF_MAX = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_MAX_DELAY", "90.0"))
+    BACKOFF_FACTOR = float(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_BACKOFF_FACTOR", "1.618"))
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[WebSocketClientProtocol]:
+        backoff_delay = self.BACKOFF_MIN / self.BACKOFF_FACTOR
+        while True:
+            try:
+                async with self as protocol:
+                    yield protocol
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Add a random initial delay between 0 and 5 seconds.
+                # See 7.2.3. Recovering from Abnormal Closure in RFC 6455.
+                if backoff_delay == self.BACKOFF_MIN:
+                    initial_delay = random.random() * self.BACKOFF_INITIAL
+                    self.logger.info(
+                        "connect failed; reconnecting in %.1f seconds: %s",
+                        initial_delay,
+                        traceback.format_exception_only(exc)[0].strip(),
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(initial_delay)
+                else:
+                    self.logger.info(
+                        "connect failed again; retrying in %d seconds: %s",
+                        int(backoff_delay),
+                        traceback.format_exception_only(exc)[0].strip(),
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(int(backoff_delay))
+                # Increase delay with truncated exponential backoff.
+                backoff_delay = backoff_delay * self.BACKOFF_FACTOR
+                backoff_delay = min(backoff_delay, self.BACKOFF_MAX)
+                continue
+            else:
+                # Connection succeeded - reset backoff delay
+                backoff_delay = self.BACKOFF_MIN
+
+    # async with connect(...) as ...:
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> WebSocketClientProtocol:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        await self.protocol.close()
+
+    # ... = await connect(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, WebSocketClientProtocol]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> WebSocketClientProtocol:
+        async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+            for _redirects in range(self.MAX_REDIRECTS_ALLOWED):
+                _transport, protocol = await self._create_connection()
+                try:
+                    await protocol.handshake(
+                        self._wsuri,
+                        origin=protocol.origin,
+                        available_extensions=protocol.available_extensions,
+                        available_subprotocols=protocol.available_subprotocols,
+                        extra_headers=protocol.extra_headers,
+                    )
+                except RedirectHandshake as exc:
+                    protocol.fail_connection()
+                    await protocol.wait_closed()
+                    self.handle_redirect(exc.uri)
+                # Avoid leaking a connected socket when the handshake fails.
+                except (Exception, asyncio.CancelledError):
+                    protocol.fail_connection()
+                    await protocol.wait_closed()
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    self.protocol = protocol
+                    return protocol
+            else:
+                raise SecurityError("too many redirects")
+
+    # ... = yield from connect(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+
+connect = Connect
+
+
+def unix_connect(
+    path: str | None = None,
+    uri: str = "ws://localhost/",
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Connect:
+    """
+    Similar to :func:`connect`, but for connecting to a Unix socket.
+
+    This function builds upon the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection` method.
+
+    It is only available on Unix.
+
+    It's mainly useful for debugging servers listening on Unix sockets.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server; the host is used in the TLS
+            handshake for secure connections and in the ``Host`` header.
+
+    """
+    return connect(uri=uri, path=path, unix=True, **kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/exceptions.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29a2525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import http
+
+from .. import datastructures
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    # InvalidMessage was incorrectly moved here in versions 14.0 and 14.1.
+    InvalidMessage,  # noqa: F401
+    ProtocolError as WebSocketProtocolError,  # noqa: F401
+)
+from ..typing import StatusLike
+
+
+class InvalidStatusCode(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake response status code is invalid.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, headers: datastructures.Headers) -> None:
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"server rejected WebSocket connection: HTTP {self.status_code}"
+
+
+class AbortHandshake(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised to abort the handshake on purpose and return an HTTP response.
+
+    This exception is an implementation detail.
+
+    The public API is
+    :meth:`~websockets.legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request`.
+
+    Attributes:
+        status (~http.HTTPStatus): HTTP status code.
+        headers (Headers): HTTP response headers.
+        body (bytes): HTTP response body.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        status: StatusLike,
+        headers: datastructures.HeadersLike,
+        body: bytes = b"",
+    ) -> None:
+        # If a user passes an int instead of an HTTPStatus, fix it automatically.
+        self.status = http.HTTPStatus(status)
+        self.headers = datastructures.Headers(headers)
+        self.body = body
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"HTTP {self.status:d}, {len(self.headers)} headers, {len(self.body)} bytes"
+        )
+
+
+class RedirectHandshake(InvalidHandshake):
+    """
+    Raised when a handshake gets redirected.
+
+    This exception is an implementation detail.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, uri: str) -> None:
+        self.uri = uri
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"redirect to {self.uri}"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/framing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/framing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..452d2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/framing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple
+
+from .. import extensions, frames
+from ..exceptions import PayloadTooBig, ProtocolError
+from ..typing import BytesLike, DataLike
+
+
+try:
+    from ..speedups import apply_mask
+except ImportError:
+    from ..utils import apply_mask
+
+
+class Frame(NamedTuple):
+    fin: bool
+    opcode: frames.Opcode
+    data: BytesLike
+    rsv1: bool = False
+    rsv2: bool = False
+    rsv3: bool = False
+
+    @property
+    def new_frame(self) -> frames.Frame:
+        return frames.Frame(
+            self.opcode,
+            self.data,
+            self.fin,
+            self.rsv1,
+            self.rsv2,
+            self.rsv3,
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.new_frame)
+
+    def check(self) -> None:
+        return self.new_frame.check()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def read(
+        cls,
+        reader: Callable[[int], Awaitable[bytes]],
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        max_size: int | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Read a WebSocket frame.
+
+        Args:
+            reader: Coroutine that reads exactly the requested number of
+                bytes, unless the end of file is reached.
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the read
+                happens on the server side.
+            max_size: Maximum payload size in bytes.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in reverse order.
+
+        Raises:
+            PayloadTooBig: If the frame exceeds ``max_size``.
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+
+        # Read the header.
+        data = await reader(2)
+        head1, head2 = struct.unpack("!BB", data)
+
+        # While not Pythonic, this is marginally faster than calling bool().
+        fin = True if head1 & 0b10000000 else False
+        rsv1 = True if head1 & 0b01000000 else False
+        rsv2 = True if head1 & 0b00100000 else False
+        rsv3 = True if head1 & 0b00010000 else False
+
+        try:
+            opcode = frames.Opcode(head1 & 0b00001111)
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise ProtocolError("invalid opcode") from exc
+
+        if (True if head2 & 0b10000000 else False) != mask:
+            raise ProtocolError("incorrect masking")
+
+        length = head2 & 0b01111111
+        if length == 126:
+            data = await reader(2)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!H", data)
+        elif length == 127:
+            data = await reader(8)
+            (length,) = struct.unpack("!Q", data)
+        if max_size is not None and length > max_size:
+            raise PayloadTooBig(length, max_size)
+        if mask:
+            mask_bits = await reader(4)
+
+        # Read the data.
+        data = await reader(length)
+        if mask:
+            data = apply_mask(data, mask_bits)
+
+        new_frame = frames.Frame(opcode, data, fin, rsv1, rsv2, rsv3)
+
+        if extensions is None:
+            extensions = []
+        for extension in reversed(extensions):
+            new_frame = extension.decode(new_frame, max_size=max_size)
+
+        new_frame.check()
+
+        return cls(
+            new_frame.fin,
+            new_frame.opcode,
+            new_frame.data,
+            new_frame.rsv1,
+            new_frame.rsv2,
+            new_frame.rsv3,
+        )
+
+    def write(
+        self,
+        write: Callable[[bytes], Any],
+        *,
+        mask: bool,
+        extensions: Sequence[extensions.Extension] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write a WebSocket frame.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Frame to write.
+            write: Function that writes bytes.
+            mask: Whether the frame should be masked i.e. whether the write
+                happens on the client side.
+            extensions: List of extensions, applied in order.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the frame contains incorrect values.
+
+        """
+        # The frame is written in a single call to write in order to prevent
+        # TCP fragmentation. See #68 for details. This also makes it safe to
+        # send frames concurrently from multiple coroutines.
+        write(self.new_frame.serialize(mask=mask, extensions=extensions))
+
+
+def prepare_data(data: DataLike) -> tuple[int, BytesLike]:
+    """
+    Convert a string or byte-like object to an opcode and a bytes-like object.
+
+    This function is designed for data frames.
+
+    If ``data`` is a :class:`str`, return ``OP_TEXT`` and a :class:`bytes`
+    object encoding ``data`` in UTF-8.
+
+    If ``data`` is a bytes-like object, return ``OP_BINARY`` and a bytes-like
+    object.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``data`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(data, str):
+        return frames.Opcode.TEXT, data.encode()
+    elif isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+        return frames.Opcode.BINARY, data
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+
+def prepare_ctrl(data: DataLike) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Convert a string or byte-like object to bytes.
+
+    This function is designed for ping and pong frames.
+
+    If ``data`` is a :class:`str`, return a :class:`bytes` object encoding
+    ``data`` in UTF-8.
+
+    If ``data`` is a bytes-like object, return a :class:`bytes` object.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``data`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(data, str):
+        return data.encode()
+    elif isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+        return bytes(data)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+
+# Backwards compatibility with previously documented public APIs
+encode_data = prepare_ctrl
+
+# Backwards compatibility with previously documented public APIs
+from ..frames import Close  # noqa: E402 F401, I001
+
+
+def parse_close(data: bytes) -> tuple[int, str]:
+    """
+    Parse the payload from a close frame.
+
+    Returns:
+        Close code and reason.
+
+    Raises:
+        ProtocolError: If data is ill-formed.
+        UnicodeDecodeError: If the reason isn't valid UTF-8.
+
+    """
+    close = Close.parse(data)
+    return close.code, close.reason
+
+
+def serialize_close(code: int, reason: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Serialize the payload for a close frame.
+
+    """
+    return Close(code, reason).serialize()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/handshake.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/handshake.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a7157c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/handshake.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader, InvalidHeaderValue, InvalidUpgrade
+from ..headers import parse_connection, parse_upgrade
+from ..typing import ConnectionOption, UpgradeProtocol
+from ..utils import accept_key as accept, generate_key
+
+
+__all__ = ["build_request", "check_request", "build_response", "check_response"]
+
+
+def build_request(headers: Headers) -> str:
+    """
+    Build a handshake request to send to the server.
+
+    Update request headers passed in argument.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake request headers.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``key`` that must be passed to :func:`check_response`.
+
+    """
+    key = generate_key()
+    headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+    headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+    headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = key
+    headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"] = "13"
+    return key
+
+
+def check_request(headers: Headers) -> str:
+    """
+    Check a handshake request received from the client.
+
+    This function doesn't verify that the request is an HTTP/1.1 or higher GET
+    request and doesn't perform ``Host`` and ``Origin`` checks. These controls
+    are usually performed earlier in the HTTP request handling code. They're
+    the responsibility of the caller.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake request headers.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``key`` that must be passed to :func:`build_response`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHandshake: If the handshake request is invalid.
+            Then, the server must return a 400 Bad Request error.
+
+    """
+    connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+        [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+    )
+
+    if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Connection", ", ".join(connection))
+
+    upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+        [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+    )
+
+    # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+    # checking the Upgrade header. The RFC always uses "websocket", except
+    # in section 11.2. (IANA registration) where it uses "WebSocket".
+    if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade))
+
+    try:
+        s_w_key = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"]
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key") from exc
+    except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key", "multiple values") from exc
+
+    try:
+        raw_key = base64.b64decode(s_w_key.encode(), validate=True)
+    except binascii.Error as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", s_w_key) from exc
+    if len(raw_key) != 16:
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", s_w_key)
+
+    try:
+        s_w_version = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"]
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version") from exc
+    except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version", "multiple values") from exc
+
+    if s_w_version != "13":
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Version", s_w_version)
+
+    return s_w_key
+
+
+def build_response(headers: Headers, key: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Build a handshake response to send to the client.
+
+    Update response headers passed in argument.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake response headers.
+        key: Returned by :func:`check_request`.
+
+    """
+    headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+    headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+    headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"] = accept(key)
+
+
+def check_response(headers: Headers, key: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check a handshake response received from the server.
+
+    This function doesn't verify that the response is an HTTP/1.1 or higher
+    response with a 101 status code. These controls are the responsibility of
+    the caller.
+
+    Args:
+        headers: Handshake response headers.
+        key: Returned by :func:`build_request`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidHandshake: If the handshake response is invalid.
+
+    """
+    connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+        [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+    )
+
+    if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Connection", " ".join(connection))
+
+    upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+        [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+    )
+
+    # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+    # checking the Upgrade header. The RFC always uses "websocket", except
+    # in section 11.2. (IANA registration) where it uses "WebSocket".
+    if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+        raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade))
+
+    try:
+        s_w_accept = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"]
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept") from exc
+    except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+        raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", "multiple values") from exc
+
+    if s_w_accept != accept(key):
+        raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Accept", s_w_accept)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/http.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/http.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c8a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/http.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import re
+
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import SecurityError
+
+
+__all__ = ["read_request", "read_response"]
+
+MAX_NUM_HEADERS = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_NUM_HEADERS", "128"))
+MAX_LINE_LENGTH = int(os.environ.get("WEBSOCKETS_MAX_LINE_LENGTH", "8192"))
+
+
+def d(value: bytes) -> str:
+    """
+    Decode a bytestring for interpolating into an error message.
+
+    """
+    return value.decode(errors="backslashreplace")
+
+
+# See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#appendix-B.
+
+# Regex for validating header names.
+
+_token_re = re.compile(rb"[-!#$%&\'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+")
+
+# Regex for validating header values.
+
+# We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+# Include HTAB (\x09), SP (\x20), VCHAR (\x21-\x7e), obs-text (\x80-\xff).
+
+# The ABNF is complicated because it attempts to express that optional
+# whitespace is ignored. We strip whitespace and don't revalidate that.
+
+# See also https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=7230&eid=4189
+
+_value_re = re.compile(rb"[\x09\x20-\x7e\x80-\xff]*")
+
+
+async def read_request(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> tuple[str, Headers]:
+    """
+    Read an HTTP/1.1 GET request and return ``(path, headers)``.
+
+    ``path`` isn't URL-decoded or validated in any way.
+
+    ``path`` and ``headers`` are expected to contain only ASCII characters.
+    Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    :func:`read_request` doesn't attempt to read the request body because
+    WebSocket handshake requests don't have one. If the request contains a
+    body, it may be read from ``stream`` after this coroutine returns.
+
+    Args:
+        stream: Input to read the request from.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP request.
+        SecurityError: If the request exceeds a security limit.
+        ValueError: If the request isn't well formatted.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.1
+
+    # Parsing is simple because fixed values are expected for method and
+    # version and because path isn't checked. Since WebSocket software tends
+    # to implement HTTP/1.1 strictly, there's little need for lenient parsing.
+
+    try:
+        request_line = await read_line(stream)
+    except EOFError as exc:
+        raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP request line") from exc
+
+    try:
+        method, raw_path, version = request_line.split(b" ", 2)
+    except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP request line: {d(request_line)}") from None
+
+    if method != b"GET":
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP method: {d(method)}")
+    if version != b"HTTP/1.1":
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP version: {d(version)}")
+    path = raw_path.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+
+    headers = await read_headers(stream)
+
+    return path, headers
+
+
+async def read_response(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> tuple[int, str, Headers]:
+    """
+    Read an HTTP/1.1 response and return ``(status_code, reason, headers)``.
+
+    ``reason`` and ``headers`` are expected to contain only ASCII characters.
+    Other characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    :func:`read_request` doesn't attempt to read the response body because
+    WebSocket handshake responses don't have one. If the response contains a
+    body, it may be read from ``stream`` after this coroutine returns.
+
+    Args:
+        stream: Input to read the response from.
+
+    Raises:
+        EOFError: If the connection is closed without a full HTTP response.
+        SecurityError: If the response exceeds a security limit.
+        ValueError: If the response isn't well formatted.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.1.2
+
+    # As in read_request, parsing is simple because a fixed value is expected
+    # for version, status_code is a 3-digit number, and reason can be ignored.
+
+    try:
+        status_line = await read_line(stream)
+    except EOFError as exc:
+        raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP status line") from exc
+
+    try:
+        version, raw_status_code, raw_reason = status_line.split(b" ", 2)
+    except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 1-2)
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP status line: {d(status_line)}") from None
+
+    if version != b"HTTP/1.1":
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP version: {d(version)}")
+    try:
+        status_code = int(raw_status_code)
+    except ValueError:  # invalid literal for int() with base 10
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP status code: {d(raw_status_code)}") from None
+    if not 100 <= status_code < 1000:
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported HTTP status code: {d(raw_status_code)}")
+    if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_reason):
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP reason phrase: {d(raw_reason)}")
+    reason = raw_reason.decode()
+
+    headers = await read_headers(stream)
+
+    return status_code, reason, headers
+
+
+async def read_headers(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> Headers:
+    """
+    Read HTTP headers from ``stream``.
+
+    Non-ASCII characters are represented with surrogate escapes.
+
+    """
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
+
+    # We don't attempt to support obsolete line folding.
+
+    headers = Headers()
+    for _ in range(MAX_NUM_HEADERS + 1):
+        try:
+            line = await read_line(stream)
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            raise EOFError("connection closed while reading HTTP headers") from exc
+        if line == b"":
+            break
+
+        try:
+            raw_name, raw_value = line.split(b":", 1)
+        except ValueError:  # not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header line: {d(line)}") from None
+        if not _token_re.fullmatch(raw_name):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header name: {d(raw_name)}")
+        raw_value = raw_value.strip(b" \t")
+        if not _value_re.fullmatch(raw_value):
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid HTTP header value: {d(raw_value)}")
+
+        name = raw_name.decode("ascii")  # guaranteed to be ASCII at this point
+        value = raw_value.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape")
+        headers[name] = value
+
+    else:
+        raise SecurityError("too many HTTP headers")
+
+    return headers
+
+
+async def read_line(stream: asyncio.StreamReader) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Read a single line from ``stream``.
+
+    CRLF is stripped from the return value.
+
+    """
+    # Security: this is bounded by the StreamReader's limit (default = 32 KiB).
+    line = await stream.readline()
+    # Security: this guarantees header values are small (hard-coded = 8 KiB)
+    if len(line) > MAX_LINE_LENGTH:
+        raise SecurityError("line too long")
+    # Not mandatory but safe - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.5
+    if not line.endswith(b"\r\n"):
+        raise EOFError("line without CRLF")
+    return line[:-2]
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/protocol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab4ec6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1635 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import codecs
+import collections
+import logging
+import random
+import ssl
+import struct
+import sys
+import time
+import traceback
+import uuid
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterable, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, Callable, Deque, cast
+
+from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from ..datastructures import Headers
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedError,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    InvalidState,
+    PayloadTooBig,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..extensions import Extension
+from ..frames import (
+    OK_CLOSE_CODES,
+    OP_BINARY,
+    OP_CLOSE,
+    OP_CONT,
+    OP_PING,
+    OP_PONG,
+    OP_TEXT,
+    Close,
+    CloseCode,
+    Opcode,
+)
+from ..protocol import State
+from ..typing import BytesLike, Data, DataLike, LoggerLike, Subprotocol
+from .framing import Frame, prepare_ctrl, prepare_data
+
+
+__all__ = ["WebSocketCommonProtocol"]
+
+
+# In order to ensure consistency, the code always checks the current value of
+# WebSocketCommonProtocol.state before assigning a new value and never yields
+# between the check and the assignment.
+
+
+class WebSocketCommonProtocol(asyncio.Protocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket connection.
+
+    :class:`WebSocketCommonProtocol` provides APIs shared between WebSocket
+    servers and clients. You shouldn't use it directly. Instead, use
+    :class:`~websockets.legacy.client.WebSocketClientProtocol` or
+    :class:`~websockets.legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol`.
+
+    This documentation focuses on low-level details that aren't covered in the
+    documentation of :class:`~websockets.legacy.client.WebSocketClientProtocol`
+    and :class:`~websockets.legacy.server.WebSocketServerProtocol` for the sake
+    of simplicity.
+
+    Once the connection is open, a Ping_ frame is sent every ``ping_interval``
+    seconds. This serves as a keepalive. It helps keeping the connection open,
+    especially in the presence of proxies with short timeouts on inactive
+    connections. Set ``ping_interval`` to :obj:`None` to disable this behavior.
+
+    .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+    If the corresponding Pong_ frame isn't received within ``ping_timeout``
+    seconds, the connection is considered unusable and is closed with code 1011.
+    This ensures that the remote endpoint remains responsive. Set
+    ``ping_timeout`` to :obj:`None` to disable this behavior.
+
+    .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+    See the discussion of :doc:`keepalive <../../topics/keepalive>` for details.
+
+    The ``close_timeout`` parameter defines a maximum wait time for completing
+    the closing handshake and terminating the TCP connection. For legacy
+    reasons, :meth:`close` completes in at most ``5 * close_timeout`` seconds
+    for clients and ``4 * close_timeout`` for servers.
+
+    ``close_timeout`` is a parameter of the protocol because websockets usually
+    calls :meth:`close` implicitly upon exit:
+
+    * on the client side, when using :func:`~websockets.legacy.client.connect`
+      as a context manager;
+    * on the server side, when the connection handler terminates.
+
+    To apply a timeout to any other API, wrap it in :func:`~asyncio.timeout` or
+    :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`.
+
+    The ``max_size`` parameter enforces the maximum size for incoming messages
+    in bytes. The default value is 1 MiB. If a larger message is received,
+    :meth:`recv` will raise :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError`
+    and the connection will be closed with code 1009.
+
+    The ``max_queue`` parameter sets the maximum length of the queue that
+    holds incoming messages. The default value is ``32``. Messages are added
+    to an in-memory queue when they're received; then :meth:`recv` pops from
+    that queue. In order to prevent excessive memory consumption when
+    messages are received faster than they can be processed, the queue must
+    be bounded. If the queue fills up, the protocol stops processing incoming
+    data until :meth:`recv` is called. In this situation, various receive
+    buffers (at least in :mod:`asyncio` and in the OS) will fill up, then the
+    TCP receive window will shrink, slowing down transmission to avoid packet
+    loss.
+
+    Since Python can use up to 4 bytes of memory to represent a single
+    character, each connection may use up to ``4 * max_size * max_queue``
+    bytes of memory to store incoming messages. By default, this is 128 MiB.
+    You may want to lower the limits, depending on your application's
+    requirements.
+
+    The ``read_limit`` argument sets the high-water limit of the buffer for
+    incoming bytes. The low-water limit is half the high-water limit. The
+    default value is 64 KiB, half of asyncio's default (based on the current
+    implementation of :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`).
+
+    The ``write_limit`` argument sets the high-water limit of the buffer for
+    outgoing bytes. The low-water limit is a quarter of the high-water limit.
+    The default value is 64 KiB, equal to asyncio's default (based on the
+    current implementation of ``FlowControlMixin``).
+
+    See the discussion of :doc:`memory usage <../../topics/memory>` for details.
+
+    Args:
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.protocol")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing the connection in seconds.
+            For legacy reasons, the actual timeout is 4 or 5 times larger.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit.
+        max_queue: Maximum number of incoming messages in receive buffer.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit.
+        read_limit: High-water mark of read buffer in bytes.
+        write_limit: High-water mark of write buffer in bytes.
+
+    """
+
+    # There are only two differences between the client-side and server-side
+    # behavior: masking the payload and closing the underlying TCP connection.
+    # Set is_client = True/False and side = "client"/"server" to pick a side.
+    is_client: bool
+    side: str = "undefined"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = None,
+        max_size: int | None = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None = 2**5,
+        read_limit: int = 2**16,
+        write_limit: int = 2**16,
+        # The following arguments are kept only for backwards compatibility.
+        host: str | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        secure: bool | None = None,
+        legacy_recv: bool = False,
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if legacy_recv:  # pragma: no cover
+            warnings.warn("legacy_recv is deprecated", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: close_timeout used to be called timeout.
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = 10
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename timeout to close_timeout", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, timeout is ignored.
+        if close_timeout is None:
+            close_timeout = timeout
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: the loop parameter used to be supported.
+        if loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("remove loop argument", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        self.ping_interval = ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = ping_timeout
+        self.close_timeout = close_timeout
+        self.max_size = max_size
+        self.max_queue = max_queue
+        self.read_limit = read_limit
+        self.write_limit = write_limit
+
+        # Unique identifier. For logs.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = uuid.uuid4()
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+
+        # Logger or LoggerAdapter for this connection.
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.protocol")
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = logging.LoggerAdapter(logger, {"websocket": self})
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+
+        # Track if DEBUG is enabled. Shortcut logging calls if it isn't.
+        self.debug = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+
+        self.loop = loop
+
+        self._host = host
+        self._port = port
+        self._secure = secure
+        self.legacy_recv = legacy_recv
+
+        # Configure read buffer limits. The high-water limit is defined by
+        # ``self.read_limit``. The ``limit`` argument controls the line length
+        # limit and half the buffer limit of :class:`~asyncio.StreamReader`.
+        # That's why it must be set to half of ``self.read_limit``.
+        self.reader = asyncio.StreamReader(limit=read_limit // 2, loop=loop)
+
+        # Copied from asyncio.FlowControlMixin
+        self._paused = False
+        self._drain_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # This class implements the data transfer and closing handshake, which
+        # are shared between the client-side and the server-side.
+        # Subclasses implement the opening handshake and, on success, execute
+        # :meth:`connection_open` to change the state to OPEN.
+        self.state = State.CONNECTING
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is CONNECTING")
+
+        # HTTP protocol parameters.
+        self.path: str
+        """Path of the opening handshake request."""
+        self.request_headers: Headers
+        """Opening handshake request headers."""
+        self.response_headers: Headers
+        """Opening handshake response headers."""
+
+        # WebSocket protocol parameters.
+        self.extensions: list[Extension] = []
+        self.subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+        """Subprotocol, if one was negotiated."""
+
+        # Close code and reason, set when a close frame is sent or received.
+        self.close_rcvd: Close | None = None
+        self.close_sent: Close | None = None
+        self.close_rcvd_then_sent: bool | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the connection state becomes CLOSED. Translates the
+        # :meth:`connection_lost` callback to a :class:`~asyncio.Future`
+        # that can be awaited. (Other :class:`~asyncio.Protocol` callbacks are
+        # translated by ``self.stream_reader``).
+        self.connection_lost_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+
+        # Queue of received messages.
+        self.messages: Deque[Data] = collections.deque()
+        self._pop_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+        self._put_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # Protect sending fragmented messages.
+        self._fragmented_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+
+        # Mapping of ping IDs to pong waiters, in chronological order.
+        self.pings: dict[bytes, tuple[asyncio.Future[float], float]] = {}
+
+        self.latency: float = 0
+        """
+        Latency of the connection, in seconds.
+
+        Latency is defined as the round-trip time of the connection. It is
+        measured by sending a Ping frame and waiting for a matching Pong frame.
+        Before the first measurement, :attr:`latency` is ``0``.
+
+        By default, websockets enables a :ref:`keepalive <keepalive>` mechanism
+        that sends Ping frames automatically at regular intervals. You can also
+        send Ping frames and measure latency with :meth:`ping`.
+        """
+
+        # Task running the data transfer.
+        self.transfer_data_task: asyncio.Task[None]
+
+        # Exception that occurred during data transfer, if any.
+        self.transfer_data_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Task sending keepalive pings.
+        self.keepalive_ping_task: asyncio.Task[None]
+
+        # Task closing the TCP connection.
+        self.close_connection_task: asyncio.Task[None]
+
+    # Copied from asyncio.FlowControlMixin
+    async def _drain_helper(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if self.connection_lost_waiter.done():
+            raise ConnectionResetError("Connection lost")
+        if not self._paused:
+            return
+        waiter = self._drain_waiter
+        assert waiter is None or waiter.cancelled()
+        waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+        self._drain_waiter = waiter
+        await waiter
+
+    # Copied from asyncio.StreamWriter
+    async def _drain(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        if self.reader is not None:
+            exc = self.reader.exception()
+            if exc is not None:
+                raise exc
+        if self.transport is not None:
+            if self.transport.is_closing():
+                # Yield to the event loop so connection_lost() may be
+                # called.  Without this, _drain_helper() would return
+                # immediately, and code that calls
+                #     write(...); yield from drain()
+                # in a loop would never call connection_lost(), so it
+                # would not see an error when the socket is closed.
+                await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        await self._drain_helper()
+
+    def connection_open(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Callback when the WebSocket opening handshake completes.
+
+        Enter the OPEN state and start the data transfer phase.
+
+        """
+        # 4.1. The WebSocket Connection is Established.
+        assert self.state is State.CONNECTING
+        self.state = State.OPEN
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is OPEN")
+        # Start the task that receives incoming WebSocket messages.
+        self.transfer_data_task = self.loop.create_task(self.transfer_data())
+        # Start the task that sends pings at regular intervals.
+        self.keepalive_ping_task = self.loop.create_task(self.keepalive_ping())
+        # Start the task that eventually closes the TCP connection.
+        self.close_connection_task = self.loop.create_task(self.close_connection())
+
+    @property
+    def host(self) -> str | None:
+        alternative = "remote_address" if self.is_client else "local_address"
+        warnings.warn(f"use {alternative}[0] instead of host", DeprecationWarning)
+        return self._host
+
+    @property
+    def port(self) -> int | None:
+        alternative = "remote_address" if self.is_client else "local_address"
+        warnings.warn(f"use {alternative}[1] instead of port", DeprecationWarning)
+        return self._port
+
+    @property
+    def secure(self) -> bool | None:
+        warnings.warn("don't use secure", DeprecationWarning)
+        return self._secure
+
+    # Public API
+
+    @property
+    def local_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Local address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family;
+        see :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`.
+
+        :obj:`None` if the TCP connection isn't established yet.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            transport = self.transport
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return transport.get_extra_info("sockname")
+
+    @property
+    def remote_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Remote address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family;
+        see :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`.
+
+        :obj:`None` if the TCP connection isn't established yet.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            transport = self.transport
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return transport.get_extra_info("peername")
+
+    @property
+    def open(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :obj:`True` when the connection is open; :obj:`False` otherwise.
+
+        This attribute may be used to detect disconnections. However, this
+        approach is discouraged per the EAFP_ principle. Instead, you should
+        handle :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        .. _EAFP: https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-eafp
+
+        """
+        return self.state is State.OPEN and not self.transfer_data_task.done()
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        :obj:`True` when the connection is closed; :obj:`False` otherwise.
+
+        Be aware that both :attr:`open` and :attr:`closed` are :obj:`False`
+        during the opening and closing sequences.
+
+        """
+        return self.state is State.CLOSED
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close code, defined in `section 7.1.5 of RFC 6455`_.
+
+        .. _section 7.1.5 of RFC 6455:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.5
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not State.CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close reason, defined in `section 7.1.6 of RFC 6455`_.
+
+        .. _section 7.1.6 of RFC 6455:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.6
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not State.CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.reason
+
+    async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Iterate on incoming messages.
+
+        The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with the close
+        code 1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code.
+
+        It raises a :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError`
+        exception when the connection is closed with any other code.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield await self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return
+
+    async def recv(self) -> Data:
+        """
+        Receive the next message.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`recv` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure. This is how you detect the end of the
+        message stream.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`recv` is safe. There's no risk of losing the next
+        message. The next invocation of :meth:`recv` will return it.
+
+        This makes it possible to enforce a timeout by wrapping :meth:`recv` in
+        :func:`~asyncio.timeout` or :func:`~asyncio.wait_for`.
+
+        Returns:
+            A string (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame. A bytestring
+            (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            RuntimeError: If two coroutines call :meth:`recv` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        if self._pop_message_waiter is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "cannot call recv while another coroutine "
+                "is already waiting for the next message"
+            )
+
+        # Don't await self.ensure_open() here:
+        # - messages could be available in the queue even if the connection
+        #   is closed;
+        # - messages could be received before the closing frame even if the
+        #   connection is closing.
+
+        # Wait until there's a message in the queue (if necessary) or the
+        # connection is closed.
+        while len(self.messages) <= 0:
+            pop_message_waiter: asyncio.Future[None] = self.loop.create_future()
+            self._pop_message_waiter = pop_message_waiter
+            try:
+                # If asyncio.wait() is canceled, it doesn't cancel
+                # pop_message_waiter and self.transfer_data_task.
+                await asyncio.wait(
+                    [pop_message_waiter, self.transfer_data_task],
+                    return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+                )
+            finally:
+                self._pop_message_waiter = None
+
+            # If asyncio.wait(...) exited because self.transfer_data_task
+            # completed before receiving a new message, raise a suitable
+            # exception (or return None if legacy_recv is enabled).
+            if not pop_message_waiter.done():
+                if self.legacy_recv:
+                    return None  # type: ignore
+                else:
+                    # Wait until the connection is closed to raise
+                    # ConnectionClosed with the correct code and reason.
+                    await self.ensure_open()
+
+        # Pop a message from the queue.
+        message = self.messages.popleft()
+
+        # Notify transfer_data().
+        if self._put_message_waiter is not None:
+            self._put_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+            self._put_message_waiter = None
+
+        return message
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        message: DataLike | Iterable[DataLike] | AsyncIterable[DataLike],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a message.
+
+        A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or
+        bytes-like object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or
+        :class:`memoryview`) is sent as a Binary_ frame.
+
+        .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+        .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        :meth:`send` also accepts an iterable or an asynchronous iterable of
+        strings, bytestrings, or bytes-like objects to enable fragmentation_.
+        Each item is treated as a message fragment and sent in its own frame.
+        All items must be of the same type, or else :meth:`send` will raise a
+        :exc:`TypeError` and the connection will be closed.
+
+        .. _fragmentation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.4
+
+        :meth:`send` rejects dict-like objects because this is often an error.
+        (If you want to send the keys of a dict-like object as fragments, call
+        its :meth:`~dict.keys` method and pass the result to :meth:`send`.)
+
+        Canceling :meth:`send` is discouraged. Instead, you should close the
+        connection with :meth:`close`. Indeed, there are only two situations
+        where :meth:`send` may yield control to the event loop and then get
+        canceled; in both cases, :meth:`close` has the same effect and is
+        more clear:
+
+        1. The write buffer is full. If you don't want to wait until enough
+           data is sent, your only alternative is to close the connection.
+           :meth:`close` will likely time out then abort the TCP connection.
+        2. ``message`` is an asynchronous iterator that yields control.
+           Stopping in the middle of a fragmented message will cause a
+           protocol error and the connection will be closed.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`send` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it
+        raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to send.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+        """
+        await self.ensure_open()
+
+        # While sending a fragmented message, prevent sending other messages
+        # until all fragments are sent.
+        while self._fragmented_message_waiter is not None:
+            await asyncio.shield(self._fragmented_message_waiter)
+
+        # Unfragmented message -- this case must be handled first because
+        # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
+
+        if isinstance(message, (str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+            opcode, data = prepare_data(message)
+            await self.write_frame(True, opcode, data)
+
+        # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError("data is a dict-like object")
+
+        # Fragmented message -- regular iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Iterable):
+            iter_message = iter(message)
+            try:
+                fragment = next(iter_message)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+            opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+
+            self._fragmented_message_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(False, opcode, data)
+
+                # Other fragments.
+                for fragment in iter_message:
+                    confirm_opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+                    if confirm_opcode != opcode:
+                        raise TypeError("data contains inconsistent types")
+                    await self.write_frame(False, OP_CONT, data)
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(True, OP_CONT, b"")
+
+            except (Exception, asyncio.CancelledError):
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter = None
+
+        # Fragmented message -- asynchronous iterator
+
+        elif isinstance(message, AsyncIterable):
+            # Implement aiter_message = aiter(message) without aiter
+            # Work around https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5738
+            aiter_message = cast(
+                Callable[[AsyncIterable[DataLike]], AsyncIterator[DataLike]],
+                type(message).__aiter__,
+            )(message)
+            try:
+                # Implement fragment = anext(aiter_message) without anext
+                # Work around https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/5738
+                fragment = await cast(
+                    Callable[[AsyncIterator[DataLike]], Awaitable[DataLike]],
+                    type(aiter_message).__anext__,
+                )(aiter_message)
+            except StopAsyncIteration:
+                return
+            opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+
+            self._fragmented_message_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(False, opcode, data)
+
+                # Other fragments.
+                async for fragment in aiter_message:
+                    confirm_opcode, data = prepare_data(fragment)
+                    if confirm_opcode != opcode:
+                        raise TypeError("data contains inconsistent types")
+                    await self.write_frame(False, OP_CONT, data)
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                await self.write_frame(True, OP_CONT, b"")
+
+            except (Exception, asyncio.CancelledError):
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+                raise
+
+            finally:
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+                self._fragmented_message_waiter = None
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str, bytes-like, or iterable")
+
+    async def close(
+        self,
+        code: int = CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the closing handshake.
+
+        :meth:`close` waits for the other end to complete the handshake and
+        for the TCP connection to terminate. As a consequence, there's no need
+        to await :meth:`wait_closed` after :meth:`close`.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent: it doesn't do anything once the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        Wrapping :func:`close` in :func:`~asyncio.create_task` is safe, given
+        that errors during connection termination aren't particularly useful.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`close` is discouraged. If it takes too long, you can
+        set a shorter ``close_timeout``. If you don't want to wait, let the
+        Python process exit, then the OS will take care of closing the TCP
+        connection.
+
+        Args:
+            code: WebSocket close code.
+            reason: WebSocket close reason.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.close_timeout):
+                await self.write_close_frame(Close(code, reason))
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            # If the close frame cannot be sent because the send buffers
+            # are full, the closing handshake won't complete anyway.
+            # Fail the connection to shut down faster.
+            self.fail_connection()
+
+        # If no close frame is received within the timeout, asyncio_timeout()
+        # cancels the data transfer task and raises TimeoutError.
+
+        # If close() is called multiple times concurrently and one of these
+        # calls hits the timeout, the data transfer task will be canceled.
+        # Other calls will receive a CancelledError here.
+
+        try:
+            # If close() is canceled during the wait, self.transfer_data_task
+            # is canceled before the timeout elapses.
+            async with asyncio_timeout(self.close_timeout):
+                await self.transfer_data_task
+        except (asyncio.TimeoutError, asyncio.CancelledError):
+            pass
+
+        # Wait for the close connection task to close the TCP connection.
+        await asyncio.shield(self.close_connection_task)
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the connection is closed.
+
+        This coroutine is identical to the :attr:`closed` attribute, except it
+        can be awaited.
+
+        This can make it easier to detect connection termination, regardless
+        of its cause, in tasks that interact with the WebSocket connection.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+
+    async def ping(self, data: DataLike | None = None) -> Awaitable[float]:
+        """
+        Send a Ping_.
+
+        .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        A ping may serve as a keepalive, as a check that the remote endpoint
+        received all messages up to this point, or to measure :attr:`latency`.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`ping` is discouraged. If :meth:`ping` doesn't return
+        immediately, it means the write buffer is full. If you don't want to
+        wait, you should close the connection.
+
+        Canceling the :class:`~asyncio.Future` returned by :meth:`ping` has no
+        effect.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the ping. A string will be encoded to UTF-8.
+                If ``data`` is :obj:`None`, the payload is four random bytes.
+
+        Returns:
+            A future that will be completed when the corresponding pong is
+            received. You can ignore it if you don't intend to wait. The result
+            of the future is the latency of the connection in seconds.
+
+            ::
+
+                pong_waiter = await ws.ping()
+                # only if you want to wait for the corresponding pong
+                latency = await pong_waiter
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            RuntimeError: If another ping was sent with the same data and
+                the corresponding pong wasn't received yet.
+
+        """
+        await self.ensure_open()
+
+        if data is not None:
+            data = prepare_ctrl(data)
+
+        # Protect against duplicates if a payload is explicitly set.
+        if data in self.pings:
+            raise RuntimeError("already waiting for a pong with the same data")
+
+        # Generate a unique random payload otherwise.
+        while data is None or data in self.pings:
+            data = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+
+        pong_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+        # Resolution of time.monotonic() may be too low on Windows.
+        ping_timestamp = time.perf_counter()
+        self.pings[data] = (pong_waiter, ping_timestamp)
+
+        await self.write_frame(True, OP_PING, data)
+
+        return asyncio.shield(pong_waiter)
+
+    async def pong(self, data: DataLike = b"") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Pong_.
+
+        .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        An unsolicited pong may serve as a unidirectional heartbeat.
+
+        Canceling :meth:`pong` is discouraged. If :meth:`pong` doesn't return
+        immediately, it means the write buffer is full. If you don't want to
+        wait, you should close the connection.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the pong. A string will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        await self.ensure_open()
+
+        data = prepare_ctrl(data)
+
+        await self.write_frame(True, OP_PONG, data)
+
+    # Private methods - no guarantees.
+
+    def connection_closed_exc(self) -> ConnectionClosed:
+        exc: ConnectionClosed
+        if (
+            self.close_rcvd is not None
+            and self.close_rcvd.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+            and self.close_sent is not None
+            and self.close_sent.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+        ):
+            exc = ConnectionClosedOK(
+                self.close_rcvd,
+                self.close_sent,
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent,
+            )
+        else:
+            exc = ConnectionClosedError(
+                self.close_rcvd,
+                self.close_sent,
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent,
+            )
+        # Chain to the exception that terminated data transfer, if any.
+        exc.__cause__ = self.transfer_data_exc
+        return exc
+
+    async def ensure_open(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Check that the WebSocket connection is open.
+
+        Raise :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` if it isn't.
+
+        """
+        # Handle cases from most common to least common for performance.
+        if self.state is State.OPEN:
+            # If self.transfer_data_task exited without a closing handshake,
+            # self.close_connection_task may be closing the connection, going
+            # straight from OPEN to CLOSED.
+            if self.transfer_data_task.done():
+                await asyncio.shield(self.close_connection_task)
+                raise self.connection_closed_exc()
+            else:
+                return
+
+        if self.state is State.CLOSED:
+            raise self.connection_closed_exc()
+
+        if self.state is State.CLOSING:
+            # If we started the closing handshake, wait for its completion to
+            # get the proper close code and reason. self.close_connection_task
+            # will complete within 4 or 5 * close_timeout after close(). The
+            # CLOSING state also occurs when failing the connection. In that
+            # case self.close_connection_task will complete even faster.
+            await asyncio.shield(self.close_connection_task)
+            raise self.connection_closed_exc()
+
+        # Control may only reach this point in buggy third-party subclasses.
+        assert self.state is State.CONNECTING
+        raise InvalidState("WebSocket connection isn't established yet")
+
+    async def transfer_data(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming messages and put them in a queue.
+
+        This coroutine runs in a task until the closing handshake is started.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                message = await self.read_message()
+
+                # Exit the loop when receiving a close frame.
+                if message is None:
+                    break
+
+                # Wait until there's room in the queue (if necessary).
+                if self.max_queue is not None:
+                    while len(self.messages) >= self.max_queue:
+                        self._put_message_waiter = self.loop.create_future()
+                        try:
+                            await asyncio.shield(self._put_message_waiter)
+                        finally:
+                            self._put_message_waiter = None
+
+                # Put the message in the queue.
+                self.messages.append(message)
+
+                # Notify recv().
+                if self._pop_message_waiter is not None:
+                    self._pop_message_waiter.set_result(None)
+                    self._pop_message_waiter = None
+
+        except asyncio.CancelledError as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            # If fail_connection() cancels this task, avoid logging the error
+            # twice and failing the connection again.
+            raise
+
+        except ProtocolError as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR)
+
+        except (ConnectionError, TimeoutError, EOFError, ssl.SSLError) as exc:
+            # Reading data with self.reader.readexactly may raise:
+            # - most subclasses of ConnectionError if the TCP connection
+            #   breaks, is reset, or is aborted;
+            # - TimeoutError if the TCP connection times out;
+            # - IncompleteReadError, a subclass of EOFError, if fewer
+            #   bytes are available than requested;
+            # - ssl.SSLError if the other side infringes the TLS protocol.
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE)
+
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INVALID_DATA)
+
+        except PayloadTooBig as exc:
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG)
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # This shouldn't happen often because exceptions expected under
+            # regular circumstances are handled above. If it does, consider
+            # catching and handling more exceptions.
+            self.logger.error("data transfer failed", exc_info=True)
+
+            self.transfer_data_exc = exc
+            self.fail_connection(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+    async def read_message(self) -> Data | None:
+        """
+        Read a single message from the connection.
+
+        Re-assemble data frames if the message is fragmented.
+
+        Return :obj:`None` when the closing handshake is started.
+
+        """
+        frame = await self.read_data_frame(max_size=self.max_size)
+
+        # A close frame was received.
+        if frame is None:
+            return None
+
+        if frame.opcode == OP_TEXT:
+            text = True
+        elif frame.opcode == OP_BINARY:
+            text = False
+        else:  # frame.opcode == OP_CONT
+            raise ProtocolError("unexpected opcode")
+
+        # Shortcut for the common case - no fragmentation
+        if frame.fin:
+            if isinstance(frame.data, memoryview):
+                raise AssertionError("only compressed outgoing frames use memoryview")
+            return frame.data.decode() if text else bytes(frame.data)
+
+        # 5.4. Fragmentation
+        fragments: list[DataLike] = []
+        max_size = self.max_size
+        if text:
+            decoder_factory = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")
+            decoder = decoder_factory(errors="strict")
+            if max_size is None:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments
+                    fragments.append(decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin))
+
+            else:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments, max_size
+                    fragments.append(decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin))
+                    assert isinstance(max_size, int)
+                    max_size -= len(frame.data)
+
+        else:
+            if max_size is None:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments
+                    fragments.append(frame.data)
+
+            else:
+
+                def append(frame: Frame) -> None:
+                    nonlocal fragments, max_size
+                    fragments.append(frame.data)
+                    assert isinstance(max_size, int)
+                    max_size -= len(frame.data)
+
+        append(frame)
+
+        while not frame.fin:
+            frame = await self.read_data_frame(max_size=max_size)
+            if frame is None:
+                raise ProtocolError("incomplete fragmented message")
+            if frame.opcode != OP_CONT:
+                raise ProtocolError("unexpected opcode")
+            append(frame)
+
+        return ("" if text else b"").join(fragments)
+
+    async def read_data_frame(self, max_size: int | None) -> Frame | None:
+        """
+        Read a single data frame from the connection.
+
+        Process control frames received before the next data frame.
+
+        Return :obj:`None` if a close frame is encountered before any data frame.
+
+        """
+        # 6.2. Receiving Data
+        while True:
+            frame = await self.read_frame(max_size)
+
+            # 5.5. Control Frames
+            if frame.opcode == OP_CLOSE:
+                # 7.1.5.  The WebSocket Connection Close Code
+                # 7.1.6.  The WebSocket Connection Close Reason
+                self.close_rcvd = Close.parse(frame.data)
+                if self.close_sent is not None:
+                    self.close_rcvd_then_sent = False
+                try:
+                    # Echo the original data instead of re-serializing it with
+                    # Close.serialize() because that fails when the close frame
+                    # is empty and Close.parse() synthesizes a 1005 close code.
+                    await self.write_close_frame(self.close_rcvd, frame.data)
+                except ConnectionClosed:
+                    # Connection closed before we could echo the close frame.
+                    pass
+                return None
+
+            elif frame.opcode == OP_PING:
+                # Answer pings, unless connection is CLOSING.
+                if self.state is State.OPEN:
+                    try:
+                        await self.pong(frame.data)
+                    except ConnectionClosed:
+                        # Connection closed while draining write buffer.
+                        pass
+
+            elif frame.opcode == OP_PONG:
+                if frame.data in self.pings:
+                    pong_timestamp = time.perf_counter()
+                    # Sending a pong for only the most recent ping is legal.
+                    # Acknowledge all previous pings too in that case.
+                    ping_id = None
+                    ping_ids = []
+                    for ping_id, (pong_waiter, ping_timestamp) in self.pings.items():
+                        ping_ids.append(ping_id)
+                        if not pong_waiter.done():
+                            pong_waiter.set_result(pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp)
+                        if ping_id == frame.data:
+                            self.latency = pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        raise AssertionError("solicited pong not found in pings")
+                    # Remove acknowledged pings from self.pings.
+                    for ping_id in ping_ids:
+                        del self.pings[ping_id]
+
+            # 5.6. Data Frames
+            else:
+                return frame
+
+    async def read_frame(self, max_size: int | None) -> Frame:
+        """
+        Read a single frame from the connection.
+
+        """
+        frame = await Frame.read(
+            self.reader.readexactly,
+            mask=not self.is_client,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            extensions=self.extensions,
+        )
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< %s", frame)
+        return frame
+
+    def write_frame_sync(self, fin: bool, opcode: int, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        frame = Frame(fin, Opcode(opcode), data)
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> %s", frame)
+        frame.write(
+            self.transport.write,
+            mask=self.is_client,
+            extensions=self.extensions,
+        )
+
+    async def drain(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            # Handle flow control automatically.
+            await self._drain()
+        except ConnectionError:
+            # Terminate the connection if the socket died.
+            self.fail_connection()
+            # Wait until the connection is closed to raise ConnectionClosed
+            # with the correct code and reason.
+            await self.ensure_open()
+
+    async def write_frame(
+        self, fin: bool, opcode: int, data: BytesLike, *, _state: int = State.OPEN
+    ) -> None:
+        # Defensive assertion for protocol compliance.
+        if self.state is not _state:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise InvalidState(
+                f"Cannot write to a WebSocket in the {self.state.name} state"
+            )
+        self.write_frame_sync(fin, opcode, data)
+        await self.drain()
+
+    async def write_close_frame(
+        self, close: Close, data: BytesLike | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write a close frame if and only if the connection state is OPEN.
+
+        This dedicated coroutine must be used for writing close frames to
+        ensure that at most one close frame is sent on a given connection.
+
+        """
+        # Test and set the connection state before sending the close frame to
+        # avoid sending two frames in case of concurrent calls.
+        if self.state is State.OPEN:
+            # 7.1.3. The WebSocket Closing Handshake is Started
+            self.state = State.CLOSING
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("= connection is CLOSING")
+
+            self.close_sent = close
+            if self.close_rcvd is not None:
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent = True
+            if data is None:
+                data = close.serialize()
+
+            # 7.1.2. Start the WebSocket Closing Handshake
+            await self.write_frame(True, OP_CLOSE, data, _state=State.CLOSING)
+
+    async def keepalive_ping(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Ping frame and wait for a Pong frame at regular intervals.
+
+        This coroutine exits when the connection terminates and one of the
+        following happens:
+
+        - :meth:`ping` raises :exc:`ConnectionClosed`, or
+        - :meth:`close_connection` cancels :attr:`keepalive_ping_task`.
+
+        """
+        if self.ping_interval is None:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(self.ping_interval)
+
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("% sending keepalive ping")
+                pong_waiter = await self.ping()
+
+                if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+                    try:
+                        async with asyncio_timeout(self.ping_timeout):
+                            # Raises CancelledError if the connection is closed,
+                            # when close_connection() cancels keepalive_ping().
+                            # Raises ConnectionClosed if the connection is lost,
+                            # when connection_lost() calls abort_pings().
+                            await pong_waiter
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("% received keepalive pong")
+                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for keepalive pong")
+                        self.fail_connection(
+                            CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                            "keepalive ping timeout",
+                        )
+                        break
+
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            pass
+
+        except Exception:
+            self.logger.error("keepalive ping failed", exc_info=True)
+
+    async def close_connection(self) -> None:
+        """
+        7.1.1. Close the WebSocket Connection
+
+        When the opening handshake succeeds, :meth:`connection_open` starts
+        this coroutine in a task. It waits for the data transfer phase to
+        complete then it closes the TCP connection cleanly.
+
+        When the opening handshake fails, :meth:`fail_connection` does the
+        same. There's no data transfer phase in that case.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            # Wait for the data transfer phase to complete.
+            if hasattr(self, "transfer_data_task"):
+                try:
+                    await self.transfer_data_task
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+
+            # Cancel the keepalive ping task.
+            if hasattr(self, "keepalive_ping_task"):
+                self.keepalive_ping_task.cancel()
+
+            # A client should wait for a TCP close from the server.
+            if self.is_client and hasattr(self, "transfer_data_task"):
+                if await self.wait_for_connection_lost():
+                    return
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for TCP close")
+
+            # Half-close the TCP connection if possible (when there's no TLS).
+            if self.transport.can_write_eof():
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("x half-closing TCP connection")
+                # write_eof() doesn't document which exceptions it raises.
+                # "[Errno 107] Transport endpoint is not connected" happens
+                # but it isn't completely clear under which circumstances.
+                # uvloop can raise RuntimeError here.
+                try:
+                    self.transport.write_eof()
+                except (OSError, RuntimeError):  # pragma: no cover
+                    pass
+
+                if await self.wait_for_connection_lost():
+                    return
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for TCP close")
+
+        finally:
+            # The try/finally ensures that the transport never remains open,
+            # even if this coroutine is canceled (for example).
+            await self.close_transport()
+
+    async def close_transport(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the TCP connection.
+
+        """
+        # If connection_lost() was called, the TCP connection is closed.
+        # However, if TLS is enabled, the transport still needs closing.
+        # Else asyncio complains: ResourceWarning: unclosed transport.
+        if self.connection_lost_waiter.done() and self.transport.is_closing():
+            return
+
+        # Close the TCP connection. Buffers are flushed asynchronously.
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("x closing TCP connection")
+        self.transport.close()
+
+        if await self.wait_for_connection_lost():
+            return
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for TCP close")
+
+        # Abort the TCP connection. Buffers are discarded.
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("x aborting TCP connection")
+        self.transport.abort()
+
+        # connection_lost() is called quickly after aborting.
+        await self.wait_for_connection_lost()
+
+    async def wait_for_connection_lost(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Wait until the TCP connection is closed or ``self.close_timeout`` elapses.
+
+        Return :obj:`True` if the connection is closed and :obj:`False`
+        otherwise.
+
+        """
+        if not self.connection_lost_waiter.done():
+            try:
+                async with asyncio_timeout(self.close_timeout):
+                    await asyncio.shield(self.connection_lost_waiter)
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                pass
+        # Re-check self.connection_lost_waiter.done() synchronously because
+        # connection_lost() could run between the moment the timeout occurs
+        # and the moment this coroutine resumes running.
+        return self.connection_lost_waiter.done()
+
+    def fail_connection(
+        self,
+        code: int = CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        7.1.7. Fail the WebSocket Connection
+
+        This requires:
+
+        1. Stopping all processing of incoming data, which means canceling
+           :attr:`transfer_data_task`. The close code will be 1006 unless a
+           close frame was received earlier.
+
+        2. Sending a close frame with an appropriate code if the opening
+           handshake succeeded and the other side is likely to process it.
+
+        3. Closing the connection. :meth:`close_connection` takes care of
+           this once :attr:`transfer_data_task` exits after being canceled.
+
+        (The specification describes these steps in the opposite order.)
+
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("! failing connection with code %d", code)
+
+        # Cancel transfer_data_task if the opening handshake succeeded.
+        # cancel() is idempotent and ignored if the task is done already.
+        if hasattr(self, "transfer_data_task"):
+            self.transfer_data_task.cancel()
+
+        # Send a close frame when the state is OPEN (a close frame was already
+        # sent if it's CLOSING), except when failing the connection because of
+        # an error reading from or writing to the network.
+        # Don't send a close frame if the connection is broken.
+        if code != CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE and self.state is State.OPEN:
+            close = Close(code, reason)
+
+            # Write the close frame without draining the write buffer.
+
+            # Keeping fail_connection() synchronous guarantees it can't
+            # get stuck and simplifies the implementation of the callers.
+            # Not drainig the write buffer is acceptable in this context.
+
+            # This duplicates a few lines of code from write_close_frame().
+
+            self.state = State.CLOSING
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("= connection is CLOSING")
+
+            # If self.close_rcvd was set, the connection state would be
+            # CLOSING. Therefore self.close_rcvd isn't set and we don't
+            # have to set self.close_rcvd_then_sent.
+            assert self.close_rcvd is None
+            self.close_sent = close
+
+            self.write_frame_sync(True, OP_CLOSE, close.serialize())
+
+        # Start close_connection_task if the opening handshake didn't succeed.
+        if not hasattr(self, "close_connection_task"):
+            self.close_connection_task = self.loop.create_task(self.close_connection())
+
+    def abort_pings(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Raise ConnectionClosed in pending keepalive pings.
+
+        They'll never receive a pong once the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        assert self.state is State.CLOSED
+        exc = self.connection_closed_exc()
+
+        for pong_waiter, _ping_timestamp in self.pings.values():
+            pong_waiter.set_exception(exc)
+            # If the exception is never retrieved, it will be logged when ping
+            # is garbage-collected. This is confusing for users.
+            # Given that ping is done (with an exception), canceling it does
+            # nothing, but it prevents logging the exception.
+            pong_waiter.cancel()
+
+    # asyncio.Protocol methods
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        """
+        Configure write buffer limits.
+
+        The high-water limit is defined by ``self.write_limit``.
+
+        The low-water limit currently defaults to ``self.write_limit // 4`` in
+        :meth:`~asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits`, which should
+        be all right for reasonable use cases of this library.
+
+        This is the earliest point where we can get hold of the transport,
+        which means it's the best point for configuring it.
+
+        """
+        transport = cast(asyncio.Transport, transport)
+        transport.set_write_buffer_limits(self.write_limit)
+        self.transport = transport
+
+        # Copied from asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol
+        self.reader.set_transport(transport)
+
+    def connection_lost(self, exc: Exception | None) -> None:
+        """
+        7.1.4. The WebSocket Connection is Closed.
+
+        """
+        self.state = State.CLOSED
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is CLOSED")
+
+        self.abort_pings()
+
+        # If self.connection_lost_waiter isn't pending, that's a bug, because:
+        # - it's set only here in connection_lost() which is called only once;
+        # - it must never be canceled.
+        self.connection_lost_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        if True:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Copied from asyncio.StreamReaderProtocol
+            if self.reader is not None:
+                if exc is None:
+                    self.reader.feed_eof()
+                else:
+                    self.reader.set_exception(exc)
+
+            # Copied from asyncio.FlowControlMixin
+            # Wake up the writer if currently paused.
+            if not self._paused:
+                return
+            waiter = self._drain_waiter
+            if waiter is None:
+                return
+            self._drain_waiter = None
+            if waiter.done():
+                return
+            if exc is None:
+                waiter.set_result(None)
+            else:
+                waiter.set_exception(exc)
+
+    def pause_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        assert not self._paused
+        self._paused = True
+
+    def resume_writing(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        assert self._paused
+        self._paused = False
+
+        waiter = self._drain_waiter
+        if waiter is not None:
+            self._drain_waiter = None
+            if not waiter.done():
+                waiter.set_result(None)
+
+    def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+
+    def eof_received(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the transport after receiving EOF.
+
+        The WebSocket protocol has its own closing handshake: endpoints close
+        the TCP or TLS connection after sending and receiving a close frame.
+
+        As a consequence, they never need to write after receiving EOF, so
+        there's no reason to keep the transport open by returning :obj:`True`.
+
+        Besides, that doesn't work on TLS connections.
+
+        """
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+
+
+# broadcast() is defined in the protocol module even though it's primarily
+# used by servers and documented in the server module because it works with
+# client connections too and because it's easier to test together with the
+# WebSocketCommonProtocol class.
+
+
+def broadcast(
+    websockets: Iterable[WebSocketCommonProtocol],
+    message: DataLike,
+    raise_exceptions: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Broadcast a message to several WebSocket connections.
+
+    A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or bytes-like
+    object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) is sent
+    as a Binary_ frame.
+
+    .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+    .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+    :func:`broadcast` pushes the message synchronously to all connections even
+    if their write buffers are overflowing. There's no backpressure.
+
+    If you broadcast messages faster than a connection can handle them, messages
+    will pile up in its write buffer until the connection times out. Keep
+    ``ping_interval`` and ``ping_timeout`` low to prevent excessive memory usage
+    from slow connections.
+
+    Unlike :meth:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol.send`,
+    :func:`broadcast` doesn't support sending fragmented messages. Indeed,
+    fragmentation is useful for sending large messages without buffering them in
+    memory, while :func:`broadcast` buffers one copy per connection as fast as
+    possible.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` skips connections that aren't open in order to avoid
+    errors on connections where the closing handshake is in progress.
+
+    :func:`broadcast` ignores failures to write the message on some connections.
+    It continues writing to other connections. On Python 3.11 and above, you may
+    set ``raise_exceptions`` to :obj:`True` to record failures and raise all
+    exceptions in a :pep:`654` :exc:`ExceptionGroup`.
+
+    While :func:`broadcast` makes more sense for servers, it works identically
+    with clients, if you have a use case for opening connections to many servers
+    and broadcasting a message to them.
+
+    Args:
+        websockets: WebSocket connections to which the message will be sent.
+        message: Message to send.
+        raise_exceptions: Whether to raise an exception in case of failures.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+    """
+    if not isinstance(message, (str, bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+        raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+    if raise_exceptions:
+        if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ValueError("raise_exceptions requires at least Python 3.11")
+        exceptions = []
+
+    opcode, data = prepare_data(message)
+
+    for websocket in websockets:
+        if websocket.state is not State.OPEN:
+            continue
+
+        if websocket._fragmented_message_waiter is not None:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = RuntimeError("sending a fragmented message")
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                websocket.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: sending a fragmented message",
+                )
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            websocket.write_frame_sync(True, opcode, data)
+        except Exception as write_exception:
+            if raise_exceptions:
+                exception = RuntimeError("failed to write message")
+                exception.__cause__ = write_exception
+                exceptions.append(exception)
+            else:
+                websocket.logger.warning(
+                    "skipped broadcast: failed to write message: %s",
+                    traceback.format_exception_only(write_exception)[0].strip(),
+                )
+
+    if raise_exceptions and exceptions:
+        raise ExceptionGroup("skipped broadcast", exceptions)
+
+
+# Pretend that broadcast is actually defined in the server module.
+broadcast.__module__ = "websockets.legacy.server"
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/server.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2a69c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/legacy/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import email.utils
+import functools
+import http
+import inspect
+import logging
+import socket
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Generator, Iterable, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from ..asyncio.compatibility import asyncio_timeout
+from ..datastructures import Headers, HeadersLike, MultipleValuesError
+from ..exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidOrigin,
+    InvalidUpgrade,
+    NegotiationError,
+)
+from ..extensions import Extension, ServerExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_server_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import (
+    build_extension,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import SERVER
+from ..protocol import State
+from ..typing import ExtensionHeader, LoggerLike, Origin, StatusLike, Subprotocol
+from .exceptions import AbortHandshake
+from .handshake import build_response, check_request
+from .http import read_request
+from .protocol import WebSocketCommonProtocol, broadcast
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "broadcast",
+    "serve",
+    "unix_serve",
+    "WebSocketServerProtocol",
+    "WebSocketServer",
+]
+
+
+HeadersLikeOrCallable = HeadersLike | Callable[[str, Headers], HeadersLike]
+
+HTTPResponse = tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes]
+
+
+class WebSocketServerProtocol(WebSocketCommonProtocol):
+    """
+    WebSocket server connection.
+
+    :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send`
+    coroutines for receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports asynchronous iteration to receive messages::
+
+        async for message in websocket:
+            await process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with close code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises
+    a :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection
+    is closed with any other code.
+
+    You may customize the opening handshake in a subclass by
+    overriding :meth:`process_request` or :meth:`select_subprotocol`.
+
+    Args:
+        ws_server: WebSocket server that created this connection.
+
+    See :func:`serve` for the documentation of ``ws_handler``, ``logger``, ``origins``,
+    ``extensions``, ``subprotocols``, ``extra_headers``, and ``server_header``.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    """
+
+    is_client = False
+    side = "server"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        # The version that accepts the path in the second argument is deprecated.
+        ws_handler: (
+            Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+            | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+        ),
+        ws_server: WebSocketServer,
+        *,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLikeOrCallable | None = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[[str, Headers], Awaitable[HTTPResponse | None]] | None
+        ) = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[[Sequence[Subprotocol], Sequence[Subprotocol]], Subprotocol] | None
+        ) = None,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        super().__init__(logger=logger, **kwargs)
+        # For backwards compatibility with 6.0 or earlier.
+        if origins is not None and "" in origins:
+            warnings.warn("use None instead of '' in origins", DeprecationWarning)
+            origins = [None if origin == "" else origin for origin in origins]
+        # For backwards compatibility with 10.0 or earlier. Done here in
+        # addition to serve to trigger the deprecation warning on direct
+        # use of WebSocketServerProtocol.
+        self.ws_handler = remove_path_argument(ws_handler)
+        self.ws_server = ws_server
+        self.origins = origins
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        self.extra_headers = extra_headers
+        self.server_header = server_header
+        self._process_request = process_request
+        self._select_subprotocol = select_subprotocol
+        self.open_timeout = open_timeout
+
+    def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None:
+        """
+        Register connection and initialize a task to handle it.
+
+        """
+        super().connection_made(transport)
+        # Register the connection with the server before creating the handler
+        # task. Registering at the beginning of the handler coroutine would
+        # create a race condition between the creation of the task, which
+        # schedules its execution, and the moment the handler starts running.
+        self.ws_server.register(self)
+        self.handler_task = self.loop.create_task(self.handler())
+
+    async def handler(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Handle the lifecycle of a WebSocket connection.
+
+        Since this method doesn't have a caller able to handle exceptions, it
+        attempts to log relevant ones and guarantees that the TCP connection is
+        closed before exiting.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            try:
+                async with asyncio_timeout(self.open_timeout):
+                    await self.handshake(
+                        origins=self.origins,
+                        available_extensions=self.available_extensions,
+                        available_subprotocols=self.available_subprotocols,
+                        extra_headers=self.extra_headers,
+                    )
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:  # pragma: no cover
+                raise
+            except ConnectionError:
+                raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                if isinstance(exc, AbortHandshake):
+                    status, headers, body = exc.status, exc.headers, exc.body
+                elif isinstance(exc, InvalidOrigin):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("! invalid origin", exc_info=True)
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN,
+                        Headers(),
+                        f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n".encode(),
+                    )
+                elif isinstance(exc, InvalidUpgrade):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("! invalid upgrade", exc_info=True)
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.UPGRADE_REQUIRED,
+                        Headers([("Upgrade", "websocket")]),
+                        (
+                            f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n"
+                            f"\n"
+                            f"You cannot access a WebSocket server directly "
+                            f"with a browser. You need a WebSocket client.\n"
+                        ).encode(),
+                    )
+                elif isinstance(exc, InvalidHandshake):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("! invalid handshake", exc_info=True)
+                    exc_chain = cast(BaseException, exc)
+                    exc_str = f"{exc_chain}"
+                    while exc_chain.__cause__ is not None:
+                        exc_chain = exc_chain.__cause__
+                        exc_str += f"; {exc_chain}"
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+                        Headers(),
+                        f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc_str}.\n".encode(),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                    status, headers, body = (
+                        http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                        Headers(),
+                        (
+                            b"Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                            b"See server log for more information.\n"
+                        ),
+                    )
+
+                headers.setdefault("Date", email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True))
+                if self.server_header:
+                    headers.setdefault("Server", self.server_header)
+
+                headers.setdefault("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
+                headers.setdefault("Content-Type", "text/plain")
+                headers.setdefault("Connection", "close")
+
+                self.write_http_response(status, headers, body)
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "connection rejected (%d %s)", status.value, status.phrase
+                )
+                await self.close_transport()
+                return
+
+            try:
+                await self.ws_handler(self)
+            except Exception:
+                self.logger.error("connection handler failed", exc_info=True)
+                if not self.closed:
+                    self.fail_connection(1011)
+                raise
+
+            try:
+                await self.close()
+            except ConnectionError:
+                raise
+            except Exception:
+                self.logger.error("closing handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                raise
+
+        except Exception:
+            # Last-ditch attempt to avoid leaking connections on errors.
+            try:
+                self.transport.close()
+            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+                pass
+
+        finally:
+            # Unregister the connection with the server when the handler task
+            # terminates. Registration is tied to the lifecycle of the handler
+            # task because the server waits for tasks attached to registered
+            # connections before terminating.
+            self.ws_server.unregister(self)
+            self.logger.info("connection closed")
+
+    async def read_http_request(self) -> tuple[str, Headers]:
+        """
+        Read request line and headers from the HTTP request.
+
+        If the request contains a body, it may be read from ``self.reader``
+        after this coroutine returns.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidMessage: If the HTTP message is malformed or isn't an
+                HTTP/1.1 GET request.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            path, headers = await read_request(self.reader)
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise InvalidMessage("did not receive a valid HTTP request") from exc
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< GET %s HTTP/1.1", path)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.request_headers = headers
+
+        return path, headers
+
+    def write_http_response(
+        self, status: http.HTTPStatus, headers: Headers, body: bytes | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write status line and headers to the HTTP response.
+
+        This coroutine is also able to write a response body.
+
+        """
+        self.response_headers = headers
+
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> HTTP/1.1 %d %s", status.value, status.phrase)
+            for key, value in headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+            if body is not None:
+                self.logger.debug("> [body] (%d bytes)", len(body))
+
+        # Since the status line and headers only contain ASCII characters,
+        # we can keep this simple.
+        response = f"HTTP/1.1 {status.value} {status.phrase}\r\n"
+        response += str(headers)
+
+        self.transport.write(response.encode())
+
+        if body is not None:
+            self.transport.write(body)
+
+    async def process_request(
+        self, path: str, request_headers: Headers
+    ) -> HTTPResponse | None:
+        """
+        Intercept the HTTP request and return an HTTP response if appropriate.
+
+        You may override this method in a :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`
+        subclass, for example:
+
+        * to return an HTTP 200 OK response on a given path; then a load
+          balancer can use this path for a health check;
+        * to authenticate the request and return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized or an
+          HTTP 403 Forbidden when authentication fails.
+
+        You may also override this method with the ``process_request``
+        argument of :func:`serve` and :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`. This
+        is equivalent, except ``process_request`` won't have access to the
+        protocol instance, so it can't store information for later use.
+
+        :meth:`process_request` is expected to complete quickly. If it may run
+        for a long time, then it should await :meth:`wait_closed` and exit if
+        :meth:`wait_closed` completes, or else it could prevent the server
+        from shutting down.
+
+        Args:
+            path: Request path, including optional query string.
+            request_headers: Request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes] | None: :obj:`None` to
+            continue the WebSocket handshake normally.
+
+            An HTTP response, represented by a 3-uple of the response status,
+            headers, and body, to abort the WebSocket handshake and return
+            that HTTP response instead.
+
+        """
+        if self._process_request is not None:
+            response = self._process_request(path, request_headers)
+            if isinstance(response, Awaitable):
+                return await response
+            else:
+                # For backwards compatibility with 7.0.
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "declare process_request as a coroutine", DeprecationWarning
+                )
+                return response
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_origin(
+        headers: Headers, origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None
+    ) -> Origin | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Origin HTTP request header.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: Request headers.
+            origins: Optional list of acceptable origins.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidOrigin: If the origin isn't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        # "The user agent MUST NOT include more than one Origin header field"
+        # per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6454#section-7.3.
+        try:
+            origin = headers.get("Origin")
+        except MultipleValuesError as exc:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Origin", "multiple values") from exc
+        if origin is not None:
+            origin = cast(Origin, origin)
+        if origins is not None:
+            if origin not in origins:
+                raise InvalidOrigin(origin)
+        return origin
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def process_extensions(
+        headers: Headers,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None,
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, list[Extension]]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP request header.
+
+        Accept or reject each extension proposed in the client request.
+        Negotiate parameters for accepted extensions.
+
+        Return the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP response header and the list
+        of accepted extensions.
+
+        :rfc:`6455` leaves the rules up to the specification of each
+        :extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension proposed by
+        the client, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        server configuration. If no match is found, the extension is ignored.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are proposed by the client,
+        it may be accepted several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        This process doesn't allow the server to reorder extensions. It can
+        only select a subset of the extensions proposed by the client.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: Request headers.
+            extensions: Optional list of supported extensions.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        """
+        response_header_value: str | None = None
+
+        extension_headers: list[ExtensionHeader] = []
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if header_values and available_extensions:
+            parsed_header_values: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            for name, request_params in parsed_header_values:
+                for ext_factory in available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if ext_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        response_params, extension = ext_factory.process_request_params(
+                            request_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    extension_headers.append((name, response_params))
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the client sent. The extension is declined.
+
+        # Serialize extension header.
+        if extension_headers:
+            response_header_value = build_extension(extension_headers)
+
+        return response_header_value, accepted_extensions
+
+    # Not @staticmethod because it calls self.select_subprotocol()
+    def process_subprotocol(
+        self, headers: Headers, available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP request header.
+
+        Return Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP response header, which is the same
+        as the selected subprotocol.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: Request headers.
+            available_subprotocols: Optional list of supported subprotocols.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: To abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        """
+        subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+
+        if header_values and available_subprotocols:
+            parsed_header_values: list[Subprotocol] = sum(
+                [parse_subprotocol(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            subprotocol = self.select_subprotocol(
+                parsed_header_values, available_subprotocols
+            )
+
+        return subprotocol
+
+    def select_subprotocol(
+        self,
+        client_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+        server_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Pick a subprotocol among those supported by the client and the server.
+
+        If several subprotocols are available, select the preferred subprotocol
+        by giving equal weight to the preferences of the client and the server.
+
+        If no subprotocol is available, proceed without a subprotocol.
+
+        You may provide a ``select_subprotocol`` argument to :func:`serve` or
+        :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol` to override this logic. For example,
+        you could reject the handshake if the client doesn't support a
+        particular subprotocol, rather than accept the handshake without that
+        subprotocol.
+
+        Args:
+            client_subprotocols: List of subprotocols offered by the client.
+            server_subprotocols: List of subprotocols available on the server.
+
+        Returns:
+            Selected subprotocol, if a common subprotocol was found.
+
+            :obj:`None` to continue without a subprotocol.
+
+        """
+        if self._select_subprotocol is not None:
+            return self._select_subprotocol(client_subprotocols, server_subprotocols)
+
+        subprotocols = set(client_subprotocols) & set(server_subprotocols)
+        if not subprotocols:
+            return None
+        return sorted(
+            subprotocols,
+            key=lambda p: client_subprotocols.index(p) + server_subprotocols.index(p),
+        )[0]
+
+    async def handshake(
+        self,
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None,
+        available_extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        available_subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLikeOrCallable | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Perform the server side of the opening handshake.
+
+        Args:
+            origins: List of acceptable values of the Origin HTTP header;
+                include :obj:`None` if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+            extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+                should be tried.
+            subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of
+                decreasing preference.
+            extra_headers: Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the response when
+                the handshake succeeds.
+
+        Returns:
+            path of the URI of the request.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake fails.
+
+        """
+        path, request_headers = await self.read_http_request()
+
+        # Hook for customizing request handling, for example checking
+        # authentication or treating some paths as plain HTTP endpoints.
+        early_response_awaitable = self.process_request(path, request_headers)
+        if isinstance(early_response_awaitable, Awaitable):
+            early_response = await early_response_awaitable
+        else:
+            # For backwards compatibility with 7.0.
+            warnings.warn("declare process_request as a coroutine", DeprecationWarning)
+            early_response = early_response_awaitable
+
+        # The connection may drop while process_request is running.
+        if self.state is State.CLOSED:
+            # This subclass of ConnectionError is silently ignored in handler().
+            raise BrokenPipeError("connection closed during opening handshake")
+
+        # Change the response to a 503 error if the server is shutting down.
+        if not self.ws_server.is_serving():
+            early_response = (
+                http.HTTPStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                [],
+                b"Server is shutting down.\n",
+            )
+
+        if early_response is not None:
+            raise AbortHandshake(*early_response)
+
+        key = check_request(request_headers)
+
+        self.origin = self.process_origin(request_headers, origins)
+
+        extensions_header, self.extensions = self.process_extensions(
+            request_headers, available_extensions
+        )
+
+        protocol_header = self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(
+            request_headers, available_subprotocols
+        )
+
+        response_headers = Headers()
+
+        build_response(response_headers, key)
+
+        if extensions_header is not None:
+            response_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = extensions_header
+
+        if protocol_header is not None:
+            response_headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocol_header
+
+        if callable(extra_headers):
+            extra_headers = extra_headers(path, self.request_headers)
+        if extra_headers is not None:
+            response_headers.update(extra_headers)
+
+        response_headers.setdefault("Date", email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True))
+        if self.server_header is not None:
+            response_headers.setdefault("Server", self.server_header)
+
+        self.write_http_response(http.HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, response_headers)
+
+        self.logger.info("connection open")
+
+        self.connection_open()
+
+        return path
+
+
+class WebSocketServer:
+    """
+    WebSocket server returned by :func:`serve`.
+
+    This class mirrors the API of :class:`~asyncio.Server`.
+
+    It keeps track of WebSocket connections in order to close them properly
+    when shutting down.
+
+    Args:
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, logger: LoggerLike | None = None) -> None:
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        self.logger = logger
+
+        # Keep track of active connections.
+        self.websockets: set[WebSocketServerProtocol] = set()
+
+        # Task responsible for closing the server and terminating connections.
+        self.close_task: asyncio.Task[None] | None = None
+
+        # Completed when the server is closed and connections are terminated.
+        self.closed_waiter: asyncio.Future[None]
+
+    def wrap(self, server: asyncio.base_events.Server) -> None:
+        """
+        Attach to a given :class:`~asyncio.Server`.
+
+        Since :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` doesn't support injecting a
+        custom ``Server`` class, the easiest solution that doesn't rely on
+        private :mod:`asyncio` APIs is to:
+
+        - instantiate a :class:`WebSocketServer`
+        - give the protocol factory a reference to that instance
+        - call :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` with the factory
+        - attach the resulting :class:`~asyncio.Server` with this method
+
+        """
+        self.server = server
+        for sock in server.sockets:
+            if sock.family == socket.AF_INET:
+                name = "%s:%d" % sock.getsockname()
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_INET6:
+                name = "[%s]:%d" % sock.getsockname()[:2]
+            elif sock.family == socket.AF_UNIX:
+                name = sock.getsockname()
+            # In the unlikely event that someone runs websockets over a
+            # protocol other than IP or Unix sockets, avoid crashing.
+            else:  # pragma: no cover
+                name = str(sock.getsockname())
+            self.logger.info("server listening on %s", name)
+
+        # Initialized here because we need a reference to the event loop.
+        # This could be moved back to __init__ now that Python < 3.10 isn't
+        # supported anymore, but I'm not taking that risk in legacy code.
+        self.closed_waiter = server.get_loop().create_future()
+
+    def register(self, protocol: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        """
+        Register a connection with this server.
+
+        """
+        self.websockets.add(protocol)
+
+    def unregister(self, protocol: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> None:
+        """
+        Unregister a connection with this server.
+
+        """
+        self.websockets.remove(protocol)
+
+    def close(self, close_connections: bool = True) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the server.
+
+        * Close the underlying :class:`~asyncio.Server`.
+        * When ``close_connections`` is :obj:`True`, which is the default,
+          close existing connections. Specifically:
+
+          * Reject opening WebSocket connections with an HTTP 503 (service
+            unavailable) error. This happens when the server accepted the TCP
+            connection but didn't complete the opening handshake before closing.
+          * Close open WebSocket connections with close code 1001 (going away).
+
+        * Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent.
+
+        """
+        if self.close_task is None:
+            self.close_task = self.get_loop().create_task(
+                self._close(close_connections)
+            )
+
+    async def _close(self, close_connections: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Implementation of :meth:`close`.
+
+        This calls :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` on the underlying
+        :class:`~asyncio.Server` object to stop accepting new connections and
+        then closes open connections with close code 1001.
+
+        """
+        self.logger.info("server closing")
+
+        # Stop accepting new connections.
+        self.server.close()
+
+        # Wait until all accepted connections reach connection_made() and call
+        # register(). See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/79033 for
+        # details. This workaround can be removed when dropping Python < 3.11.
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        if close_connections:
+            # Close OPEN connections with close code 1001. After server.close(),
+            # handshake() closes OPENING connections with an HTTP 503 error.
+            close_tasks = [
+                asyncio.create_task(websocket.close(1001))
+                for websocket in self.websockets
+                if websocket.state is not State.CONNECTING
+            ]
+            # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+            if close_tasks:
+                await asyncio.wait(close_tasks)
+
+        # Wait until all TCP connections are closed.
+        await self.server.wait_closed()
+
+        # Wait until all connection handlers terminate.
+        # asyncio.wait doesn't accept an empty first argument.
+        if self.websockets:
+            await asyncio.wait(
+                [websocket.handler_task for websocket in self.websockets]
+            )
+
+        # Tell wait_closed() to return.
+        self.closed_waiter.set_result(None)
+
+        self.logger.info("server closed")
+
+    async def wait_closed(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Wait until the server is closed.
+
+        When :meth:`wait_closed` returns, all TCP connections are closed and
+        all connection handlers have returned.
+
+        To ensure a fast shutdown, a connection handler should always be
+        awaiting at least one of:
+
+        * :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.recv`: when the connection is closed,
+          it raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK`;
+        * :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.wait_closed`: when the connection is
+          closed, it returns.
+
+        Then the connection handler is immediately notified of the shutdown;
+        it can clean up and exit.
+
+        """
+        await asyncio.shield(self.closed_waiter)
+
+    def get_loop(self) -> asyncio.AbstractEventLoop:
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.get_loop`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.get_loop()
+
+    def is_serving(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.is_serving`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.is_serving()
+
+    async def start_serving(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.start_serving`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(..., start_serving=False)
+            # perform additional setup here...
+            # ... then start the server
+            await server.start_serving()
+
+        """
+        await self.server.start_serving()
+
+    async def serve_forever(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        """
+        See :meth:`asyncio.Server.serve_forever`.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            server = await serve(...)
+            # this coroutine doesn't return
+            # canceling it stops the server
+            await server.serve_forever()
+
+        This is an alternative to using :func:`serve` as an asynchronous context
+        manager. Shutdown is triggered by canceling :meth:`serve_forever`
+        instead of exiting a :func:`serve` context.
+
+        """
+        await self.server.serve_forever()
+
+    @property
+    def sockets(self) -> Iterable[socket.socket]:
+        """
+        See :attr:`asyncio.Server.sockets`.
+
+        """
+        return self.server.sockets
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> WebSocketServer:  # pragma: no cover
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+
+class Serve:
+    """
+    Start a WebSocket server listening on ``host`` and ``port``.
+
+    Whenever a client connects, the server creates a
+    :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`, performs the opening handshake, and
+    delegates to the connection handler, ``ws_handler``.
+
+    The handler receives the :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol` and uses it to
+    send and receive messages.
+
+    Once the handler completes, either normally or with an exception, the
+    server performs the closing handshake and closes the connection.
+
+    Awaiting :func:`serve` yields a :class:`WebSocketServer`. This object
+    provides a :meth:`~WebSocketServer.close` method to shut down the server::
+
+        # set this future to exit the server
+        stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        server = await serve(...)
+        await stop
+        server.close()
+        await server.wait_closed()
+
+    :func:`serve` can be used as an asynchronous context manager. Then, the
+    server is shut down automatically when exiting the context::
+
+        # set this future to exit the server
+        stop = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        async with serve(...):
+            await stop
+
+    Args:
+        ws_handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`, in argument.
+        host: Network interfaces the server binds to.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        port: TCP port the server listens on.
+            See :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` for details.
+        create_protocol: Factory for the :class:`asyncio.Protocol` managing
+            the connection. It defaults to :class:`WebSocketServerProtocol`.
+            Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize connection handling.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header, for defending
+            against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. Include :obj:`None`
+            in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        extra_headers (HeadersLike | Callable[[str, Headers] | HeadersLike]):
+            Arbitrary HTTP headers to add to the response. This can be
+            a :data:`~websockets.datastructures.HeadersLike` or a callable
+            taking the request path and headers in arguments and returning
+            a :data:`~websockets.datastructures.HeadersLike`.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        process_request (Callable[[str, Headers], \
+            Awaitable[tuple[StatusLike, HeadersLike, bytes] | None]] | None):
+            Intercept HTTP request before the opening handshake.
+            See :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.process_request` for details.
+        select_subprotocol: Select a subprotocol supported by the client.
+            See :meth:`~WebSocketServerProtocol.select_subprotocol` for details.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+
+    See :class:`~websockets.legacy.protocol.WebSocketCommonProtocol` for the
+    documentation of ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``,
+    ``max_size``, ``max_queue``, ``read_limit``, and ``write_limit``.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_server` method.
+
+    For example:
+
+    * You can set ``ssl`` to a :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enable TLS.
+
+    * You can set ``sock`` to a :obj:`~socket.socket` that you created
+      outside of websockets.
+
+    Returns:
+        WebSocket server.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        # The version that accepts the path in the second argument is deprecated.
+        ws_handler: (
+            Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+            | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+        ),
+        host: str | Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        *,
+        create_protocol: Callable[..., WebSocketServerProtocol] | None = None,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+        compression: str | None = "deflate",
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        extra_headers: HeadersLikeOrCallable | None = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[[str, Headers], Awaitable[HTTPResponse | None]] | None
+        ) = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[[Sequence[Subprotocol], Sequence[Subprotocol]], Subprotocol] | None
+        ) = None,
+        open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = None,
+        max_size: int | None = 2**20,
+        max_queue: int | None = 2**5,
+        read_limit: int = 2**16,
+        write_limit: int = 2**16,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Backwards compatibility: close_timeout used to be called timeout.
+        timeout: float | None = kwargs.pop("timeout", None)
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = 10
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename timeout to close_timeout", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, timeout is ignored.
+        if close_timeout is None:
+            close_timeout = timeout
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: create_protocol used to be called klass.
+        klass: type[WebSocketServerProtocol] | None = kwargs.pop("klass", None)
+        if klass is None:
+            klass = WebSocketServerProtocol
+        else:
+            warnings.warn("rename klass to create_protocol", DeprecationWarning)
+        # If both are specified, klass is ignored.
+        if create_protocol is None:
+            create_protocol = klass
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: recv() used to return None on closed connections
+        legacy_recv: bool = kwargs.pop("legacy_recv", False)
+
+        # Backwards compatibility: the loop parameter used to be supported.
+        _loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = kwargs.pop("loop", None)
+        if _loop is None:
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        else:
+            loop = _loop
+            warnings.warn("remove loop argument", DeprecationWarning)
+
+        ws_server = WebSocketServer(logger=logger)
+
+        secure = kwargs.get("ssl") is not None
+
+        if compression == "deflate":
+            extensions = enable_server_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+        elif compression is not None:
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+        if subprotocols is not None:
+            validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+        # Help mypy and avoid this error: "type[WebSocketServerProtocol] |
+        # Callable[..., WebSocketServerProtocol]" not callable  [misc]
+        create_protocol = cast(Callable[..., WebSocketServerProtocol], create_protocol)
+        factory = functools.partial(
+            create_protocol,
+            # For backwards compatibility with 10.0 or earlier. Done here in
+            # addition to WebSocketServerProtocol to trigger the deprecation
+            # warning once per serve() call rather than once per connection.
+            remove_path_argument(ws_handler),
+            ws_server,
+            host=host,
+            port=port,
+            secure=secure,
+            open_timeout=open_timeout,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+            read_limit=read_limit,
+            write_limit=write_limit,
+            loop=_loop,
+            legacy_recv=legacy_recv,
+            origins=origins,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            subprotocols=subprotocols,
+            extra_headers=extra_headers,
+            server_header=server_header,
+            process_request=process_request,
+            select_subprotocol=select_subprotocol,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        if kwargs.pop("unix", False):
+            path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+            # unix_serve(path) must not specify host and port parameters.
+            assert host is None and port is None
+            create_server = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_unix_server, factory, path, **kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            create_server = functools.partial(
+                loop.create_server, factory, host, port, **kwargs
+            )
+
+        # This is a coroutine function.
+        self._create_server = create_server
+        self.ws_server = ws_server
+
+    # async with serve(...)
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> WebSocketServer:
+        return await self
+
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.ws_server.close()
+        await self.ws_server.wait_closed()
+
+    # await serve(...)
+
+    def __await__(self) -> Generator[Any, None, WebSocketServer]:
+        # Create a suitable iterator by calling __await__ on a coroutine.
+        return self.__await_impl__().__await__()
+
+    async def __await_impl__(self) -> WebSocketServer:
+        server = await self._create_server()
+        self.ws_server.wrap(server)
+        return self.ws_server
+
+    # yield from serve(...) - remove when dropping Python < 3.11
+
+    __iter__ = __await__
+
+
+serve = Serve
+
+
+def unix_serve(
+    # The version that accepts the path in the second argument is deprecated.
+    ws_handler: (
+        Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+        | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+    ),
+    path: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Serve:
+    """
+    Start a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function is identical to :func:`serve`, except the ``host`` and
+    ``port`` arguments are replaced by ``path``. It is only available on Unix.
+
+    Unrecognized keyword arguments are passed the event loop's
+    :meth:`~asyncio.loop.create_unix_server` method.
+
+    It's useful for deploying a server behind a reverse proxy such as nginx.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+    """
+    return serve(ws_handler, path=path, unix=True, **kwargs)
+
+
+def remove_path_argument(
+    ws_handler: (
+        Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]
+        | Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]]
+    ),
+) -> Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]]:
+    try:
+        inspect.signature(ws_handler).bind(None)
+    except TypeError:
+        try:
+            inspect.signature(ws_handler).bind(None, "")
+        except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # ws_handler accepts neither one nor two arguments; leave it alone.
+            pass
+        else:
+            # ws_handler accepts two arguments; activate backwards compatibility.
+            warnings.warn("remove second argument of ws_handler", DeprecationWarning)
+
+            async def _ws_handler(websocket: WebSocketServerProtocol) -> Any:
+                return await cast(
+                    Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol, str], Awaitable[Any]],
+                    ws_handler,
+                )(websocket, websocket.path)
+
+            return _ws_handler
+
+    return cast(
+        Callable[[WebSocketServerProtocol], Awaitable[Any]],
+        ws_handler,
+    )
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/protocol.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66ebbe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
+import logging
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
+from .exceptions import (
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedError,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    InvalidState,
+    PayloadTooBig,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from .extensions import Extension
+from .frames import (
+    OK_CLOSE_CODES,
+    OP_BINARY,
+    OP_CLOSE,
+    OP_CONT,
+    OP_PING,
+    OP_PONG,
+    OP_TEXT,
+    Close,
+    CloseCode,
+    Frame,
+)
+from .http11 import Request, Response
+from .streams import StreamReader
+from .typing import BytesLike, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Protocol",
+    "Side",
+    "State",
+    "SEND_EOF",
+]
+
+Event = Request | Response | Frame
+"""Events that :meth:`~Protocol.events_received` may return."""
+
+
+class Side(enum.IntEnum):
+    """A WebSocket connection is either a server or a client."""
+
+    SERVER, CLIENT = range(2)
+
+
+SERVER = Side.SERVER
+CLIENT = Side.CLIENT
+
+
+class State(enum.IntEnum):
+    """A WebSocket connection is in one of these four states."""
+
+    CONNECTING, OPEN, CLOSING, CLOSED = range(4)
+
+
+CONNECTING = State.CONNECTING
+OPEN = State.OPEN
+CLOSING = State.CLOSING
+CLOSED = State.CLOSED
+
+
+SEND_EOF = b""
+"""Sentinel signaling that the TCP connection must be half-closed."""
+
+
+class Protocol:
+    """
+    Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket connection.
+
+    Args:
+        side: :attr:`~Side.CLIENT` or :attr:`~Side.SERVER`.
+        state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        logger: Logger for this connection; depending on ``side``,
+            defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``
+            or ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``;
+            see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        side: Side,
+        *,
+        state: State = OPEN,
+        max_size: tuple[int | None, int | None] | int | None = 2**20,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Unique identifier. For logs.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = uuid.uuid4()
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+
+        # Logger or LoggerAdapter for this connection.
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger(f"websockets.{side.name.lower()}")
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = logger
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+
+        # Track if DEBUG is enabled. Shortcut logging calls if it isn't.
+        self.debug = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
+
+        # Connection side. CLIENT or SERVER.
+        self.side = side
+
+        # Connection state. Initially OPEN because subclasses handle CONNECTING.
+        self.state = state
+
+        # Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+        if isinstance(max_size, int) or max_size is None:
+            self.max_message_size, self.max_fragment_size = max_size, None
+        else:
+            self.max_message_size, self.max_fragment_size = max_size
+
+        # Current size of incoming message in bytes. Only set while reading a
+        # fragmented message i.e. a data frames with the FIN bit not set.
+        self.current_size: int | None = None
+
+        # True while sending a fragmented message i.e. a data frames with the
+        # FIN bit not set.
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = False
+
+        # WebSocket protocol parameters.
+        self.origin: Origin | None = None
+        self.extensions: list[Extension] = []
+        self.subprotocol: Subprotocol | None = None
+
+        # Close code and reason, set when a close frame is sent or received.
+        self.close_rcvd: Close | None = None
+        self.close_sent: Close | None = None
+        self.close_rcvd_then_sent: bool | None = None
+
+        # Track if an exception happened during the handshake.
+        self.handshake_exc: Exception | None = None
+        """
+        Exception to raise if the opening handshake failed.
+
+        :obj:`None` if the opening handshake succeeded.
+
+        """
+
+        # Track if send_eof() was called.
+        self.eof_sent = False
+
+        # Parser state.
+        self.reader = StreamReader()
+        self.events: list[Event] = []
+        self.writes: list[bytes] = []
+        self.parser = self.parse()
+        next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+        self.parser_exc: Exception | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> State:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection.
+
+        Defined in 4.1_, 4.2_, 7.1.3_, and 7.1.4_ of :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        .. _4.1: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-4.1
+        .. _4.2: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-4.2
+        .. _7.1.3: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.3
+        .. _7.1.4: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.4
+
+        """
+        return self._state
+
+    @state.setter
+    def state(self, state: State) -> None:
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("= connection is %s", state.name)
+        self._state = state
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close code received from the remote endpoint.
+
+        Defined in 7.1.5_ of :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        .. _7.1.5: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.5
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        WebSocket close reason  received from the remote endpoint.
+
+        Defined in 7.1.6_ of :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        .. _7.1.6: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.6
+
+        :obj:`None` if the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        if self.state is not CLOSED:
+            return None
+        elif self.close_rcvd is None:
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return self.close_rcvd.reason
+
+    @property
+    def close_exc(self) -> ConnectionClosed:
+        """
+        Exception to raise when trying to interact with a closed connection.
+
+        Don't raise this exception while the connection :attr:`state`
+        is :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.CLOSING`; wait until
+        it's :attr:`~websockets.protocol.State.CLOSED`.
+
+        Indeed, the exception includes the close code and reason, which are
+        known only once the connection is closed.
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: If the connection isn't closed yet.
+
+        """
+        assert self.state is CLOSED, "connection isn't closed yet"
+        exc_type: type[ConnectionClosed]
+        if (
+            self.close_rcvd is not None
+            and self.close_sent is not None
+            and self.close_rcvd.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+            and self.close_sent.code in OK_CLOSE_CODES
+        ):
+            exc_type = ConnectionClosedOK
+        else:
+            exc_type = ConnectionClosedError
+        exc: ConnectionClosed = exc_type(
+            self.close_rcvd,
+            self.close_sent,
+            self.close_rcvd_then_sent,
+        )
+        # Chain to the exception raised in the parser, if any.
+        exc.__cause__ = self.parser_exc
+        return exc
+
+    # Public methods for receiving data.
+
+    def receive_data(self, data: bytes | bytearray) -> None:
+        """
+        Receive data from the network.
+
+        After calling this method:
+
+        - You must call :meth:`data_to_send` and send this data to the network.
+        - You should call :meth:`events_received` and process resulting events.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If :meth:`receive_eof` was called earlier.
+
+        """
+        self.reader.feed_data(data)
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    def receive_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Receive the end of the data stream from the network.
+
+        After calling this method:
+
+        - You must call :meth:`data_to_send` and send this data to the network;
+          it will return ``[b""]``, signaling the end of the stream, or ``[]``.
+        - You aren't expected to call :meth:`events_received`; it won't return
+          any new events.
+
+        :meth:`receive_eof` is idempotent.
+
+        """
+        if self.reader.eof:
+            return
+        self.reader.feed_eof()
+        next(self.parser)
+
+    # Public methods for sending events.
+
+    def send_continuation(self, data: BytesLike, fin: bool) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Continuation frame`_.
+
+        .. _Continuation frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing the same kind of data
+                as the initial frame.
+            fin: FIN bit; set it to :obj:`True` if this is the last frame
+                of a fragmented message and to :obj:`False` otherwise.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a fragmented message isn't in progress.
+
+        """
+        if not self.expect_continuation_frame:
+            raise ProtocolError("unexpected continuation frame")
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = not fin
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CONT, data, fin))
+
+    def send_text(self, data: BytesLike, fin: bool = True) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Text frame`_.
+
+        .. _Text frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing text encoded with UTF-8.
+            fin: FIN bit; set it to :obj:`False` if this is the first frame of
+                a fragmented message.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a fragmented message is in progress.
+
+        """
+        if self.expect_continuation_frame:
+            raise ProtocolError("expected a continuation frame")
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = not fin
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_TEXT, data, fin))
+
+    def send_binary(self, data: BytesLike, fin: bool = True) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Binary frame`_.
+
+        .. _Binary frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing arbitrary binary data.
+            fin: FIN bit; set it to :obj:`False` if this is the first frame of
+                a fragmented message.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If a fragmented message is in progress.
+
+        """
+        if self.expect_continuation_frame:
+            raise ProtocolError("expected a continuation frame")
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.expect_continuation_frame = not fin
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_BINARY, data, fin))
+
+    def send_close(self, code: CloseCode | int | None = None, reason: str = "") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Close frame`_.
+
+        .. _Close frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.1
+
+        Parameters:
+            code: close code.
+            reason: close reason.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the code isn't valid or if a reason is provided
+                without a code.
+
+        """
+        # While RFC 6455 doesn't rule out sending more than one close Frame,
+        # websockets is conservative in what it sends and doesn't allow that.
+        if self._state is not OPEN:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        if code is None:
+            if reason != "":
+                raise ProtocolError("cannot send a reason without a code")
+            close = Close(CloseCode.NO_STATUS_RCVD, "")
+            data = b""
+        else:
+            close = Close(code, reason)
+            data = close.serialize()
+        # 7.1.3. The WebSocket Closing Handshake is Started
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CLOSE, data))
+        # Since the state is OPEN, no close frame was received yet.
+        # As a consequence, self.close_rcvd_then_sent remains None.
+        assert self.close_rcvd is None
+        self.close_sent = close
+        self.state = CLOSING
+
+    def send_ping(self, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Ping frame`_.
+
+        .. _Ping frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing arbitrary binary data.
+
+        """
+        # RFC 6455 allows control frames after starting the closing handshake.
+        if self._state is not OPEN and self._state is not CLOSING:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_PING, data))
+
+    def send_pong(self, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a `Pong frame`_.
+
+        .. _Pong frame:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        Parameters:
+            data: payload containing arbitrary binary data.
+
+        """
+        # RFC 6455 allows control frames after starting the closing handshake.
+        if self._state is not OPEN and self._state is not CLOSING:
+            raise InvalidState(f"connection is {self.state.name.lower()}")
+        self.send_frame(Frame(OP_PONG, data))
+
+    def fail(self, code: CloseCode | int, reason: str = "") -> None:
+        """
+        `Fail the WebSocket connection`_.
+
+        .. _Fail the WebSocket connection:
+            https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.1.7
+
+        Parameters:
+            code: close code
+            reason: close reason
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: If the code isn't valid.
+        """
+        # 7.1.7. Fail the WebSocket Connection
+
+        # Send a close frame when the state is OPEN (a close frame was already
+        # sent if it's CLOSING), except when failing the connection because
+        # of an error reading from or writing to the network.
+        if self.state is OPEN:
+            if code != CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE:
+                close = Close(code, reason)
+                data = close.serialize()
+                self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CLOSE, data))
+                self.close_sent = close
+                # If recv_messages() raised an exception upon receiving a close
+                # frame but before echoing it, then close_rcvd is not None even
+                # though the state is OPEN. This happens when the connection is
+                # closed while receiving a fragmented message.
+                if self.close_rcvd is not None:
+                    self.close_rcvd_then_sent = True
+                self.state = CLOSING
+
+        # When failing the connection, a server closes the TCP connection
+        # without waiting for the client to complete the handshake, while a
+        # client waits for the server to close the TCP connection, possibly
+        # after sending a close frame that the client will ignore.
+        if self.side is SERVER and not self.eof_sent:
+            self.send_eof()
+
+        # 7.1.7. Fail the WebSocket Connection "An endpoint MUST NOT continue
+        # to attempt to process data(including a responding Close frame) from
+        # the remote endpoint after being instructed to _Fail the WebSocket
+        # Connection_."
+        self.parser = self.discard()
+        next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+
+    # Public method for getting incoming events after receiving data.
+
+    def events_received(self) -> list[Event]:
+        """
+        Fetch events generated from data received from the network.
+
+        Call this method immediately after any of the ``receive_*()`` methods.
+
+        Process resulting events, likely by passing them to the application.
+
+        Returns:
+            Events read from the connection.
+        """
+        events, self.events = self.events, []
+        return events
+
+    # Public method for getting outgoing data after receiving data or sending events.
+
+    def data_to_send(self) -> list[bytes]:
+        """
+        Obtain data to send to the network.
+
+        Call this method immediately after any of the ``receive_*()``,
+        ``send_*()``, or :meth:`fail` methods.
+
+        Write resulting data to the connection.
+
+        The empty bytestring :data:`~websockets.protocol.SEND_EOF` signals
+        the end of the data stream. When you receive it, half-close the TCP
+        connection.
+
+        Returns:
+            Data to write to the connection.
+
+        """
+        writes, self.writes = self.writes, []
+        return writes
+
+    def close_expected(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Tell if the TCP connection is expected to close soon.
+
+        Call this method immediately after any of the ``receive_*()``,
+        ``send_close()``, or :meth:`fail` methods.
+
+        If it returns :obj:`True`, schedule closing the TCP connection after a
+        short timeout if the other side hasn't already closed it.
+
+        Returns:
+            Whether the TCP connection is expected to close soon.
+
+        """
+        # During the opening handshake, when our state is CONNECTING, we expect
+        # a TCP close if and only if the hansdake fails. When it does, we start
+        # the TCP closing handshake by sending EOF with send_eof().
+
+        # Once the opening handshake completes successfully, we expect a TCP
+        # close if and only if we sent a close frame, meaning that our state
+        # progressed to CLOSING:
+
+        # * Normal closure: once we send a close frame, we expect a TCP close:
+        #   server waits for client to complete the TCP closing handshake;
+        #   client waits for server to initiate the TCP closing handshake.
+
+        # * Abnormal closure: we always send a close frame and the same logic
+        #   applies, except on EOFError where we don't send a close frame
+        #   because we already received the TCP close, so we don't expect it.
+
+        # If our state is CLOSED, we already received a TCP close so we don't
+        # expect it anymore.
+
+        # Micro-optimization: put the most common case first
+        if self.state is OPEN:
+            return False
+        if self.state is CLOSING:
+            return True
+        if self.state is CLOSED:
+            return False
+        assert self.state is CONNECTING
+        return self.eof_sent
+
+    # Private methods for receiving data.
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Parse incoming data into frames.
+
+        :meth:`receive_data` and :meth:`receive_eof` run this generator
+        coroutine until it needs more data or reaches EOF.
+
+        :meth:`parse` never raises an exception. Instead, it sets the
+        :attr:`parser_exc` and yields control.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                if (yield from self.reader.at_eof()):
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug("< EOF")
+                    # If the WebSocket connection is closed cleanly, with a
+                    # closing handhshake, recv_frame() substitutes parse()
+                    # with discard(). This branch is reached only when the
+                    # connection isn't closed cleanly.
+                    raise EOFError("unexpected end of stream")
+
+                max_size = None
+
+                if self.max_message_size is not None:
+                    if self.current_size is None:
+                        max_size = self.max_message_size
+                    else:
+                        max_size = self.max_message_size - self.current_size
+
+                if self.max_fragment_size is not None:
+                    if max_size is None:
+                        max_size = self.max_fragment_size
+                    else:
+                        max_size = min(max_size, self.max_fragment_size)
+
+                # During a normal closure, execution ends here on the next
+                # iteration of the loop after receiving a close frame. At
+                # this point, recv_frame() replaced parse() by discard().
+                frame = yield from Frame.parse(
+                    self.reader.read_exact,
+                    mask=self.side is SERVER,
+                    max_size=max_size,
+                    extensions=self.extensions,
+                )
+
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("< %s", frame)
+
+                self.recv_frame(frame)
+
+        except ProtocolError as exc:
+            self.fail(CloseCode.PROTOCOL_ERROR, str(exc))
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except EOFError as exc:
+            self.fail(CloseCode.ABNORMAL_CLOSURE, str(exc))
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            self.fail(CloseCode.INVALID_DATA, f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}")
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except PayloadTooBig as exc:
+            exc.set_current_size(self.current_size)
+            self.fail(CloseCode.MESSAGE_TOO_BIG, str(exc))
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            self.logger.error("parser failed", exc_info=True)
+            # Don't include exception details, which may be security-sensitive.
+            self.fail(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            self.parser_exc = exc
+
+        # During an abnormal closure, execution ends here after catching an
+        # exception. At this point, fail() replaced parse() by discard().
+        yield
+        raise AssertionError("parse() shouldn't step after error")
+
+    def discard(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        """
+        Discard incoming data.
+
+        This coroutine replaces :meth:`parse`:
+
+        - after receiving a close frame, during a normal closure (1.4);
+        - after sending a close frame, during an abnormal closure (7.1.7).
+
+        """
+        # After the opening handshake completes, the server closes the TCP
+        # connection in the same circumstances where discard() replaces parse().
+        # The client closes it when it receives EOF from the server or times
+        # out. (The latter case cannot be handled in this Sans-I/O layer.)
+        assert (self.side is SERVER or self.state is CONNECTING) == (self.eof_sent)
+        while not (yield from self.reader.at_eof()):
+            self.reader.discard()
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("< EOF")
+        # A server closes the TCP connection immediately, while a client
+        # waits for the server to close the TCP connection.
+        if self.side is CLIENT and self.state is not CONNECTING:
+            self.send_eof()
+        self.state = CLOSED
+        # If discard() completes normally, execution ends here.
+        yield
+        # Once the reader reaches EOF, its feed_data/eof() methods raise an
+        # error, so our receive_data/eof() methods don't step the generator.
+        raise AssertionError("discard() shouldn't step after EOF")
+
+    def recv_frame(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """
+        Process an incoming frame.
+
+        """
+        if frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY:
+            if self.current_size is not None:
+                raise ProtocolError("expected a continuation frame")
+            if not frame.fin:
+                self.current_size = len(frame.data)
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_CONT:
+            if self.current_size is None:
+                raise ProtocolError("unexpected continuation frame")
+            if frame.fin:
+                self.current_size = None
+            else:
+                self.current_size += len(frame.data)
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_PING:
+            # 5.5.2. Ping: "Upon receipt of a Ping frame, an endpoint MUST
+            # send a Pong frame in response"
+            pong_frame = Frame(OP_PONG, frame.data)
+            self.send_frame(pong_frame)
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_PONG:
+            # 5.5.3 Pong: "A response to an unsolicited Pong frame is not
+            # expected."
+            pass
+
+        elif frame.opcode is OP_CLOSE:
+            # 7.1.5.  The WebSocket Connection Close Code
+            # 7.1.6.  The WebSocket Connection Close Reason
+            self.close_rcvd = Close.parse(frame.data)
+            if self.state is CLOSING:
+                assert self.close_sent is not None
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent = False
+
+            if self.current_size is not None:
+                raise ProtocolError("incomplete fragmented message")
+
+            # 5.5.1 Close: "If an endpoint receives a Close frame and did
+            # not previously send a Close frame, the endpoint MUST send a
+            # Close frame in response. (When sending a Close frame in
+            # response, the endpoint typically echos the status code it
+            # received.)"
+
+            if self.state is OPEN:
+                # Echo the original data instead of re-serializing it with
+                # Close.serialize() because that fails when the close frame
+                # is empty and Close.parse() synthesizes a 1005 close code.
+                # The rest is identical to send_close().
+                self.send_frame(Frame(OP_CLOSE, frame.data))
+                self.close_sent = self.close_rcvd
+                self.close_rcvd_then_sent = True
+                self.state = CLOSING
+
+            # 7.1.2. Start the WebSocket Closing Handshake: "Once an
+            # endpoint has both sent and received a Close control frame,
+            # that endpoint SHOULD _Close the WebSocket Connection_"
+
+            # A server closes the TCP connection immediately, while a client
+            # waits for the server to close the TCP connection.
+            if self.side is SERVER:
+                self.send_eof()
+
+            # 1.4. Closing Handshake: "after receiving a control frame
+            # indicating the connection should be closed, a peer discards
+            # any further data received."
+            # RFC 6455 allows reading Ping and Pong frames after a Close frame.
+            # However, that doesn't seem useful; websockets doesn't support it.
+            self.parser = self.discard()
+            next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+
+        else:
+            # This can't happen because Frame.parse() validates opcodes.
+            raise AssertionError(f"unexpected opcode: {frame.opcode:02x}")
+
+        self.events.append(frame)
+
+    # Private methods for sending events.
+
+    def send_frame(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> %s", frame)
+        self.writes.append(
+            frame.serialize(
+                mask=self.side is CLIENT,
+                extensions=self.extensions,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def send_eof(self) -> None:
+        assert not self.eof_sent
+        self.eof_sent = True
+        if self.debug:
+            self.logger.debug("> EOF")
+        self.writes.append(SEND_EOF)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/proxy.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/proxy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a343b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/proxy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+
+from .datastructures import Headers
+from .exceptions import InvalidProxy
+from .headers import build_authorization_basic, build_host
+from .http11 import USER_AGENT
+from .uri import DELIMS, WebSocketURI
+
+
+__all__ = ["get_proxy", "parse_proxy", "Proxy"]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Proxy:
+    """
+    Proxy address.
+
+    Attributes:
+        scheme: ``"socks5h"``, ``"socks5"``, ``"socks4a"``, ``"socks4"``,
+            ``"https"``, or ``"http"``.
+        host: Normalized to lower case.
+        port: Always set even if it's the default.
+        username: Available when the proxy address contains `User Information`_.
+        password: Available when the proxy address contains `User Information`_.
+
+    .. _User Information: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.1
+
+    """
+
+    scheme: str
+    host: str
+    port: int
+    username: str | None = None
+    password: str | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def user_info(self) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.username is None:
+            return None
+        assert self.password is not None
+        return (self.username, self.password)
+
+
+def parse_proxy(proxy: str) -> Proxy:
+    """
+    Parse and validate a proxy.
+
+    Args:
+        proxy: proxy.
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed proxy.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidProxy: If ``proxy`` isn't a valid proxy.
+
+    """
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(proxy)
+    if parsed.scheme not in ["socks5h", "socks5", "socks4a", "socks4", "https", "http"]:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, f"scheme {parsed.scheme} isn't supported")
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "hostname isn't provided")
+    if parsed.path not in ["", "/"]:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "path is meaningless")
+    if parsed.query != "":
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "query is meaningless")
+    if parsed.fragment != "":
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "fragment is meaningless")
+
+    scheme = parsed.scheme
+    host = parsed.hostname
+    port = parsed.port or (443 if parsed.scheme == "https" else 80)
+    username = parsed.username
+    password = parsed.password
+    # urllib.parse.urlparse accepts URLs with a username but without a
+    # password. This doesn't make sense for HTTP Basic Auth credentials.
+    if username is not None and password is None:
+        raise InvalidProxy(proxy, "username provided without password")
+
+    try:
+        proxy.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        # Input contains non-ASCII characters.
+        # It must be an IRI. Convert it to a URI.
+        host = host.encode("idna").decode()
+        if username is not None:
+            assert password is not None
+            username = urllib.parse.quote(username, safe=DELIMS)
+            password = urllib.parse.quote(password, safe=DELIMS)
+
+    return Proxy(scheme, host, port, username, password)
+
+
+def get_proxy(uri: WebSocketURI) -> str | None:
+    """
+    Return the proxy to use for connecting to the given WebSocket URI, if any.
+
+    """
+    if urllib.request.proxy_bypass(f"{uri.host}:{uri.port}"):
+        return None
+
+    # According to the _Proxy Usage_ section of RFC 6455, use a SOCKS5 proxy if
+    # available, else favor the proxy for HTTPS connections over the proxy for
+    # HTTP connections.
+
+    # The priority of a proxy for WebSocket connections is unspecified. We give
+    # it the highest priority. This makes it easy to configure a specific proxy
+    # for websockets.
+
+    # getproxies() may return SOCKS proxies as {"socks": "http://host:port"} or
+    # as {"https": "socks5h://host:port"} depending on whether they're declared
+    # in the operating system or in environment variables.
+
+    proxies = urllib.request.getproxies()
+    if uri.secure:
+        schemes = ["wss", "socks", "https"]
+    else:
+        schemes = ["ws", "socks", "https", "http"]
+
+    for scheme in schemes:
+        proxy = proxies.get(scheme)
+        if proxy is not None:
+            if scheme == "socks" and proxy.startswith("http://"):
+                proxy = "socks5h://" + proxy[7:]
+            return proxy
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def prepare_connect_request(
+    proxy: Proxy,
+    ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+) -> bytes:
+    host = build_host(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, ws_uri.secure, always_include_port=True)
+    headers = Headers()
+    headers["Host"] = build_host(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, ws_uri.secure)
+    if user_agent_header is not None:
+        headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent_header
+    if proxy.username is not None:
+        assert proxy.password is not None  # enforced by parse_proxy()
+        headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = build_authorization_basic(
+            proxy.username, proxy.password
+        )
+    # We cannot use the Request class because it supports only GET requests.
+    return f"CONNECT {host} HTTP/1.1\r\n".encode() + headers.serialize()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/py.typed b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/server.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de2c635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import email.utils
+import http
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, cast
+
+from .datastructures import Headers, MultipleValuesError
+from .exceptions import (
+    InvalidHandshake,
+    InvalidHeader,
+    InvalidHeaderValue,
+    InvalidMessage,
+    InvalidOrigin,
+    InvalidUpgrade,
+    NegotiationError,
+)
+from .extensions import Extension, ServerExtensionFactory
+from .headers import (
+    build_extension,
+    parse_connection,
+    parse_extension,
+    parse_subprotocol,
+    parse_upgrade,
+)
+from .http11 import Request, Response
+from .imports import lazy_import
+from .protocol import CONNECTING, OPEN, SERVER, Protocol, State
+from .typing import (
+    ConnectionOption,
+    ExtensionHeader,
+    LoggerLike,
+    Origin,
+    StatusLike,
+    Subprotocol,
+    UpgradeProtocol,
+)
+from .utils import accept_key
+
+
+__all__ = ["ServerProtocol"]
+
+
+class ServerProtocol(Protocol):
+    """
+    Sans-I/O implementation of a WebSocket server connection.
+
+    Args:
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header. Values can be
+            :class:`str` to test for an exact match or regular expressions
+            compiled by :func:`re.compile` to test against a pattern. Include
+            :obj:`None` in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+            This is useful for defending against Cross-Site WebSocket
+            Hijacking attacks.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be tried.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        select_subprotocol: Callback for selecting a subprotocol among
+            those supported by the client and the server. It has the same
+            signature as the :meth:`select_subprotocol` method, including a
+            :class:`ServerProtocol` instance as first argument.
+        state: Initial state of the WebSocket connection.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        logger: Logger for this connection;
+            defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``;
+            see the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        origins: Sequence[Origin | re.Pattern[str] | None] | None = None,
+        extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+        select_subprotocol: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerProtocol, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                Subprotocol | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        state: State = CONNECTING,
+        max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            side=SERVER,
+            state=state,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        self.origins = origins
+        self.available_extensions = extensions
+        self.available_subprotocols = subprotocols
+        if select_subprotocol is not None:
+            # Bind select_subprotocol then shadow self.select_subprotocol.
+            # Use setattr to work around https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427.
+            setattr(
+                self,
+                "select_subprotocol",
+                select_subprotocol.__get__(self, self.__class__),
+            )
+
+    def accept(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a handshake response to accept the connection.
+
+        If the handshake request is valid and the handshake successful,
+        :meth:`accept` returns an HTTP response with status code 101.
+
+        Else, it returns an HTTP response with another status code. This rejects
+        the connection, like :meth:`reject` would.
+
+        You must send the handshake response with :meth:`send_response`.
+
+        You may modify the response before sending it, typically by adding HTTP
+        headers.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake request received from the client.
+
+        Returns:
+            WebSocket handshake response or HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            (
+                accept_header,
+                extensions_header,
+                protocol_header,
+            ) = self.process_request(request)
+        except InvalidOrigin as exc:
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! invalid origin", exc_info=True)
+            return self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN,
+                f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n",
+            )
+        except InvalidUpgrade as exc:
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! invalid upgrade", exc_info=True)
+            response = self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UPGRADE_REQUIRED,
+                (
+                    f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc}.\n"
+                    f"\n"
+                    f"You cannot access a WebSocket server directly "
+                    f"with a browser. You need a WebSocket client.\n"
+                ),
+            )
+            response.headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+            return response
+        except InvalidHandshake as exc:
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("! invalid handshake", exc_info=True)
+            exc_chain = cast(BaseException, exc)
+            exc_str = f"{exc_chain}"
+            while exc_chain.__cause__ is not None:
+                exc_chain = exc_chain.__cause__
+                exc_str += f"; {exc_chain}"
+            return self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+                f"Failed to open a WebSocket connection: {exc_str}.\n",
+            )
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # Handle exceptions raised by user-provided select_subprotocol and
+            # unexpected errors.
+            request._exception = exc
+            self.handshake_exc = exc
+            self.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+            return self.reject(
+                http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                (
+                    "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                    "See server log for more information.\n"
+                ),
+            )
+
+        headers = Headers()
+        headers["Date"] = email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True)
+        headers["Upgrade"] = "websocket"
+        headers["Connection"] = "Upgrade"
+        headers["Sec-WebSocket-Accept"] = accept_header
+        if extensions_header is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Extensions"] = extensions_header
+        if protocol_header is not None:
+            headers["Sec-WebSocket-Protocol"] = protocol_header
+        return Response(101, "Switching Protocols", headers)
+
+    def process_request(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> tuple[str, str | None, str | None]:
+        """
+        Check a handshake request and negotiate extensions and subprotocol.
+
+        This function doesn't verify that the request is an HTTP/1.1 or higher
+        GET request and doesn't check the ``Host`` header. These controls are
+        usually performed earlier in the HTTP request handling code. They're
+        the responsibility of the caller.
+
+        Args:
+            request: WebSocket handshake request received from the client.
+
+        Returns:
+            ``Sec-WebSocket-Accept``, ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions``, and
+            ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` headers for the handshake response.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the handshake request is invalid;
+                then the server must return 400 Bad Request error.
+
+        """
+        headers = request.headers
+
+        connection: list[ConnectionOption] = sum(
+            [parse_connection(value) for value in headers.get_all("Connection")], []
+        )
+        if not any(value.lower() == "upgrade" for value in connection):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade(
+                "Connection", ", ".join(connection) if connection else None
+            )
+
+        upgrade: list[UpgradeProtocol] = sum(
+            [parse_upgrade(value) for value in headers.get_all("Upgrade")], []
+        )
+        # For compatibility with non-strict implementations, ignore case when
+        # checking the Upgrade header. The RFC always uses "websocket", except
+        # in section 11.2. (IANA registration) where it uses "WebSocket".
+        if not (len(upgrade) == 1 and upgrade[0].lower() == "websocket"):
+            raise InvalidUpgrade("Upgrade", ", ".join(upgrade) if upgrade else None)
+
+        try:
+            key = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key") from None
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Key", "multiple values") from None
+        try:
+            raw_key = base64.b64decode(key.encode(), validate=True)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", key) from exc
+        if len(raw_key) != 16:
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Key", key)
+        accept_header = accept_key(key)
+
+        try:
+            version = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Version"]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version") from None
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Sec-WebSocket-Version", "multiple values") from None
+        if version != "13":
+            raise InvalidHeaderValue("Sec-WebSocket-Version", version)
+
+        self.origin = self.process_origin(headers)
+        extensions_header, self.extensions = self.process_extensions(headers)
+        protocol_header = self.subprotocol = self.process_subprotocol(headers)
+
+        return (accept_header, extensions_header, protocol_header)
+
+    def process_origin(self, headers: Headers) -> Origin | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Origin HTTP request header.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+           origin, if it is acceptable.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the Origin header is invalid.
+            InvalidOrigin: If the origin isn't acceptable.
+
+        """
+        # "The user agent MUST NOT include more than one Origin header field"
+        # per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6454#section-7.3.
+        try:
+            origin = headers.get("Origin")
+        except MultipleValuesError:
+            raise InvalidHeader("Origin", "multiple values") from None
+        if origin is not None:
+            origin = cast(Origin, origin)
+        if self.origins is not None:
+            for origin_or_regex in self.origins:
+                if origin_or_regex == origin or (
+                    isinstance(origin_or_regex, re.Pattern)
+                    and origin is not None
+                    and origin_or_regex.fullmatch(origin) is not None
+                ):
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise InvalidOrigin(origin)
+        return origin
+
+    def process_extensions(
+        self,
+        headers: Headers,
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, list[Extension]]:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions HTTP request header.
+
+        Accept or reject each extension proposed in the client request.
+        Negotiate parameters for accepted extensions.
+
+        Per :rfc:`6455`, negotiation rules are defined by the specification of
+        each extension.
+
+        To provide this level of flexibility, for each extension proposed by
+        the client, we check for a match with each extension available in the
+        server configuration. If no match is found, the extension is ignored.
+
+        If several variants of the same extension are proposed by the client,
+        it may be accepted several times, which won't make sense in general.
+        Extensions must implement their own requirements. For this purpose,
+        the list of previously accepted extensions is provided.
+
+        This process doesn't allow the server to reorder extensions. It can
+        only select a subset of the extensions proposed by the client.
+
+        Other requirements, for example related to mandatory extensions or the
+        order of extensions, may be implemented by overriding this method.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+            ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` HTTP response header and list of
+            accepted extensions.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header is invalid.
+
+        """
+        response_header_value: str | None = None
+
+        extension_headers: list[ExtensionHeader] = []
+        accepted_extensions: list[Extension] = []
+
+        header_values = headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")
+
+        if header_values and self.available_extensions:
+            parsed_header_values: list[ExtensionHeader] = sum(
+                [parse_extension(header_value) for header_value in header_values], []
+            )
+
+            for name, request_params in parsed_header_values:
+                for ext_factory in self.available_extensions:
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their name.
+                    if ext_factory.name != name:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Skip non-matching extensions based on their params.
+                    try:
+                        response_params, extension = ext_factory.process_request_params(
+                            request_params, accepted_extensions
+                        )
+                    except NegotiationError:
+                        continue
+
+                    # Add matching extension to the final list.
+                    extension_headers.append((name, response_params))
+                    accepted_extensions.append(extension)
+
+                    # Break out of the loop once we have a match.
+                    break
+
+                # If we didn't break from the loop, no extension in our list
+                # matched what the client sent. The extension is declined.
+
+        # Serialize extension header.
+        if extension_headers:
+            response_header_value = build_extension(extension_headers)
+
+        return response_header_value, accepted_extensions
+
+    def process_subprotocol(self, headers: Headers) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Handle the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol HTTP request header.
+
+        Args:
+            headers: WebSocket handshake request headers.
+
+        Returns:
+           Subprotocol, if one was selected; this is also the value of the
+           ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` response header.
+
+        Raises:
+            InvalidHandshake: If the Sec-WebSocket-Subprotocol header is invalid.
+
+        """
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] = sum(
+            [
+                parse_subprotocol(header_value)
+                for header_value in headers.get_all("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
+            ],
+            [],
+        )
+        return self.select_subprotocol(subprotocols)
+
+    def select_subprotocol(
+        self,
+        subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+    ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Pick a subprotocol among those offered by the client.
+
+        If several subprotocols are supported by both the client and the server,
+        pick the first one in the list declared the server.
+
+        If the server doesn't support any subprotocols, continue without a
+        subprotocol, regardless of what the client offers.
+
+        If the server supports at least one subprotocol and the client doesn't
+        offer any, abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        You provide a ``select_subprotocol`` argument to :class:`ServerProtocol`
+        to override this logic. For example, you could accept the connection
+        even if client doesn't offer a subprotocol, rather than reject it.
+
+        Here's how to negotiate the ``chat`` subprotocol if the client supports
+        it and continue without a subprotocol otherwise::
+
+            def select_subprotocol(protocol, subprotocols):
+                if "chat" in subprotocols:
+                    return "chat"
+
+        Args:
+            subprotocols: List of subprotocols offered by the client.
+
+        Returns:
+            Selected subprotocol, if a common subprotocol was found.
+
+            :obj:`None` to continue without a subprotocol.
+
+        Raises:
+            NegotiationError: Custom implementations may raise this exception
+                to abort the handshake with an HTTP 400 error.
+
+        """
+        # Server doesn't offer any subprotocols.
+        if not self.available_subprotocols:  # None or empty list
+            return None
+
+        # Server offers at least one subprotocol but client doesn't offer any.
+        if not subprotocols:
+            raise NegotiationError("missing subprotocol")
+
+        # Server and client both offer subprotocols. Look for a shared one.
+        proposed_subprotocols = set(subprotocols)
+        for subprotocol in self.available_subprotocols:
+            if subprotocol in proposed_subprotocols:
+                return subprotocol
+
+        # No common subprotocol was found.
+        raise NegotiationError(
+            "invalid subprotocol; expected one of "
+            + ", ".join(self.available_subprotocols)
+        )
+
+    def reject(self, status: StatusLike, text: str) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a handshake response to reject the connection.
+
+        A short plain text response is the best fallback when failing to
+        establish a WebSocket connection.
+
+        You must send the handshake response with :meth:`send_response`.
+
+        You may modify the response before sending it, for example by changing
+        HTTP headers.
+
+        Args:
+            status: HTTP status code.
+            text: HTTP response body; it will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Returns:
+            HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        # If status is an int instead of an HTTPStatus, fix it automatically.
+        status = http.HTTPStatus(status)
+        body = text.encode()
+        headers = Headers(
+            [
+                ("Date", email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True)),
+                ("Connection", "close"),
+                ("Content-Length", str(len(body))),
+                ("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
+            ]
+        )
+        return Response(status.value, status.phrase, headers, body)
+
+    def send_response(self, response: Response) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a handshake response to the client.
+
+        Args:
+            response: WebSocket handshake response event to send.
+
+        """
+        if self.debug:
+            code, phrase = response.status_code, response.reason_phrase
+            self.logger.debug("> HTTP/1.1 %d %s", code, phrase)
+            for key, value in response.headers.raw_items():
+                self.logger.debug("> %s: %s", key, value)
+            if response.body:
+                self.logger.debug("> [body] (%d bytes)", len(response.body))
+
+        self.writes.append(response.serialize())
+
+        if response.status_code == 101:
+            assert self.state is CONNECTING
+            self.state = OPEN
+            self.logger.info("connection open")
+
+        else:
+            self.logger.info(
+                "connection rejected (%d %s)",
+                response.status_code,
+                response.reason_phrase,
+            )
+
+            self.send_eof()
+            self.parser = self.discard()
+            next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+
+    def parse(self) -> Generator[None]:
+        if self.state is CONNECTING:
+            try:
+                request = yield from Request.parse(
+                    self.reader.read_line,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:
+                self.handshake_exc = InvalidMessage(
+                    "did not receive a valid HTTP request"
+                )
+                self.handshake_exc.__cause__ = exc
+                self.send_eof()
+                self.parser = self.discard()
+                next(self.parser)  # start coroutine
+                yield
+
+            if self.debug:
+                self.logger.debug("< GET %s HTTP/1.1", request.path)
+                for key, value in request.headers.raw_items():
+                    self.logger.debug("< %s: %s", key, value)
+
+            self.events.append(request)
+
+        yield from super().parse()
+
+
+class ServerConnection(ServerProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 11.0 - 2023-04-02
+            "ServerConnection was renamed to ServerProtocol",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+lazy_import(
+    globals(),
+    deprecated_aliases={
+        # deprecated in 14.0 - 2024-11-09
+        "WebSocketServer": ".legacy.server",
+        "WebSocketServerProtocol": ".legacy.server",
+        "broadcast": ".legacy.server",
+        "serve": ".legacy.server",
+        "unix_serve": ".legacy.server",
+    },
+)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.c b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f14ba3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.c
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/* C implementation of performance sensitive functions. */
+
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <stdint.h> /* uint8_t, uint32_t, uint64_t */
+
+#if __ARM_NEON
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+#elif __SSE2__
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+static const Py_ssize_t MASK_LEN = 4;
+
+/* Similar to PyBytes_AsStringAndSize, but accepts more types */
+
+static int
+_PyBytesLike_AsStringAndSize(PyObject *obj, PyObject **tmp, char **buffer, Py_ssize_t *length)
+{
+    // This supports bytes, bytearrays, and memoryview objects,
+    // which are common data structures for handling byte streams.
+    // If *tmp isn't NULL, the caller gets a new reference.
+    if (PyBytes_Check(obj))
+    {
+        *tmp = NULL;
+        *buffer = PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj);
+        *length = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj);
+    }
+    else if (PyByteArray_Check(obj))
+    {
+        *tmp = NULL;
+        *buffer = PyByteArray_AS_STRING(obj);
+        *length = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(obj);
+    }
+    else if (PyMemoryView_Check(obj))
+    {
+        *tmp = PyMemoryView_GetContiguous(obj, PyBUF_READ, 'C');
+        if (*tmp == NULL)
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        Py_buffer *mv_buf;
+        mv_buf = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(*tmp);
+        *buffer = mv_buf->buf;
+        *length = mv_buf->len;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        PyErr_Format(
+            PyExc_TypeError,
+            "expected a bytes-like object, %.200s found",
+            Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* C implementation of websockets.utils.apply_mask */
+
+static PyObject *
+apply_mask(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+
+    // In order to support various bytes-like types, accept any Python object.
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"data", "mask", NULL};
+    PyObject *input_obj;
+    PyObject *mask_obj;
+
+    // A pointer to a char * + length will be extracted from the data and mask
+    // arguments, possibly via a Py_buffer.
+
+    PyObject *input_tmp = NULL;
+    char *input;
+    Py_ssize_t input_len;
+    PyObject *mask_tmp = NULL;
+    char *mask;
+    Py_ssize_t mask_len;
+
+    // Initialize a PyBytesObject then get a pointer to the underlying char *
+    // in order to avoid an extra memory copy in PyBytes_FromStringAndSize.
+
+    PyObject *result = NULL;
+    char *output;
+
+    // Other variables.
+
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+
+    // Parse inputs.
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
+            args, kwds, "OO", kwlist, &input_obj, &mask_obj))
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (_PyBytesLike_AsStringAndSize(input_obj, &input_tmp, &input, &input_len) == -1)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (_PyBytesLike_AsStringAndSize(mask_obj, &mask_tmp, &mask, &mask_len) == -1)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (mask_len != MASK_LEN)
+    {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "mask must contain 4 bytes");
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Create output.
+
+    result = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, input_len);
+    if (result == NULL)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Since we just created result, we don't need error checks.
+    output = PyBytes_AS_STRING(result);
+
+    // Perform the masking operation.
+
+    // Apparently GCC cannot figure out the following optimizations by itself.
+
+    // We need a new scope for MSVC 2010 (non C99 friendly)
+    {
+#if __ARM_NEON
+
+        // With NEON support, XOR by blocks of 16 bytes = 128 bits.
+
+        Py_ssize_t input_len_128 = input_len & ~15;
+        uint8x16_t mask_128 = vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vdupq_n_u32(*(uint32_t *)mask));
+
+        for (; i < input_len_128; i += 16)
+        {
+            uint8x16_t in_128 = vld1q_u8((uint8_t *)(input + i));
+            uint8x16_t out_128 = veorq_u8(in_128, mask_128);
+            vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)(output + i), out_128);
+        }
+
+#elif __SSE2__
+
+        // With SSE2 support, XOR by blocks of 16 bytes = 128 bits.
+
+        // Since we cannot control the 16-bytes alignment of input and output
+        // buffers, we rely on loadu/storeu rather than load/store.
+
+        Py_ssize_t input_len_128 = input_len & ~15;
+        __m128i mask_128 = _mm_set1_epi32(*(uint32_t *)mask);
+
+        for (; i < input_len_128; i += 16)
+        {
+            __m128i in_128 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(input + i));
+            __m128i out_128 = _mm_xor_si128(in_128, mask_128);
+            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(output + i), out_128);
+        }
+
+#else
+
+        // Without SSE2 support, XOR by blocks of 8 bytes = 64 bits.
+
+        // We assume the memory allocator aligns everything on 8 bytes boundaries.
+
+        Py_ssize_t input_len_64 = input_len & ~7;
+        uint32_t mask_32 = *(uint32_t *)mask;
+        uint64_t mask_64 = ((uint64_t)mask_32 << 32) | (uint64_t)mask_32;
+
+        for (; i < input_len_64; i += 8)
+        {
+            *(uint64_t *)(output + i) = *(uint64_t *)(input + i) ^ mask_64;
+        }
+
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // XOR the remainder of the input byte by byte.
+
+    for (; i < input_len; i++)
+    {
+        output[i] = input[i] ^ mask[i & (MASK_LEN - 1)];
+    }
+
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(input_tmp);
+    Py_XDECREF(mask_tmp);
+    return result;
+
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef speedups_methods[] = {
+    {
+        "apply_mask",
+        (PyCFunction)apply_mask,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+        "Apply masking to the data of a WebSocket message.",
+    },
+    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL},      /* Sentinel */
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef speedups_module = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "websocket.speedups",       /* m_name */
+    "C implementation of performance sensitive functions.",
+                                /* m_doc */
+    -1,                         /* m_size */
+    speedups_methods,           /* m_methods */
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit_speedups(void)
+{
+    PyObject *m = PyModule_Create(&speedups_module);
+    if (m == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
+    return m;
+}
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e1cd3ca
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.pyi b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd6c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/speedups.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .typing import BytesLike
+
+def apply_mask(data: BytesLike, mask: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes: ...
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/streams.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/streams.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..309ce15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/streams.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
+
+class StreamReader:
+    """
+    Generator-based stream reader.
+
+    This class doesn't support concurrent calls to :meth:`read_line`,
+    :meth:`read_exact`, or :meth:`read_to_eof`. Make sure calls are
+    serialized.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.buffer = bytearray()
+        self.eof = False
+
+    def read_line(self, m: int) -> Generator[None, None, bytearray]:
+        """
+        Read a LF-terminated line from the stream.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        The return value includes the LF character.
+
+        Args:
+            m: Maximum number bytes to read; this is a security limit.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream ends without a LF.
+            RuntimeError: If the stream ends in more than ``m`` bytes.
+
+        """
+        n = 0  # number of bytes to read
+        p = 0  # number of bytes without a newline
+        while True:
+            n = self.buffer.find(b"\n", p) + 1
+            if n > 0:
+                break
+            p = len(self.buffer)
+            if p > m:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"read {p} bytes, expected no more than {m} bytes")
+            if self.eof:
+                raise EOFError(f"stream ends after {p} bytes, before end of line")
+            yield
+        if n > m:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"read {n} bytes, expected no more than {m} bytes")
+        r = self.buffer[:n]
+        del self.buffer[:n]
+        return r
+
+    def read_exact(self, n: int) -> Generator[None, None, bytearray]:
+        """
+        Read a given number of bytes from the stream.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        Args:
+            n: How many bytes to read.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream ends in less than ``n`` bytes.
+
+        """
+        assert n >= 0
+        while len(self.buffer) < n:
+            if self.eof:
+                p = len(self.buffer)
+                raise EOFError(f"stream ends after {p} bytes, expected {n} bytes")
+            yield
+        r = self.buffer[:n]
+        del self.buffer[:n]
+        return r
+
+    def read_to_eof(self, m: int) -> Generator[None, None, bytearray]:
+        """
+        Read all bytes from the stream.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        Args:
+            m: Maximum number bytes to read; this is a security limit.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If the stream ends in more than ``m`` bytes.
+
+        """
+        while not self.eof:
+            p = len(self.buffer)
+            if p > m:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"read {p} bytes, expected no more than {m} bytes")
+            yield
+        r = self.buffer[:]
+        del self.buffer[:]
+        return r
+
+    def at_eof(self) -> Generator[None, None, bool]:
+        """
+        Tell whether the stream has ended and all data was read.
+
+        This is a generator-based coroutine.
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            if self.buffer:
+                return False
+            if self.eof:
+                return True
+            # When all data was read but the stream hasn't ended, we can't
+            # tell if until either feed_data() or feed_eof() is called.
+            yield
+
+    def feed_data(self, data: bytes | bytearray) -> None:
+        """
+        Write data to the stream.
+
+        :meth:`feed_data` cannot be called after :meth:`feed_eof`.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Data to write.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream has ended.
+
+        """
+        if self.eof:
+            raise EOFError("stream ended")
+        self.buffer += data
+
+    def feed_eof(self) -> None:
+        """
+        End the stream.
+
+        :meth:`feed_eof` cannot be called more than once.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream has ended.
+
+        """
+        if self.eof:
+            raise EOFError("stream ended")
+        self.eof = True
+
+    def discard(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Discard all buffered data, but don't end the stream.
+
+        """
+        del self.buffer[:]
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/__pycache__/utils.cpython-312.pyc
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/client.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3fff44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import socket
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, TypeVar, cast
+
+from ..client import ClientProtocol
+from ..datastructures import HeadersLike
+from ..exceptions import InvalidProxyMessage, InvalidProxyStatus, ProxyError
+from ..extensions.base import ClientExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_client_permessage_deflate
+from ..headers import validate_subprotocols
+from ..http11 import USER_AGENT, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, Event
+from ..proxy import Proxy, get_proxy, parse_proxy, prepare_connect_request
+from ..streams import StreamReader
+from ..typing import BytesLike, LoggerLike, Origin, Subprotocol
+from ..uri import WebSocketURI, parse_uri
+from .connection import Connection
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["connect", "unix_connect", "ClientConnection"]
+
+
+class ClientConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`threading` implementation of a WebSocket client connection.
+
+    :class:`ClientConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` methods for
+    receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports iteration to receive messages::
+
+        for message in websocket:
+            process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, and
+    ``max_queue`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`connect`.
+
+    Args:
+        socket: Socket connected to a WebSocket server.
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        protocol: ClientProtocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ClientProtocol
+        self.response_rcvd = threading.Event()
+        super().__init__(
+            socket,
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+        )
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+        user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+            self.request = self.protocol.connect()
+            if additional_headers is not None:
+                self.request.headers.update(additional_headers)
+            if user_agent_header is not None:
+                self.request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", user_agent_header)
+            self.protocol.send_request(self.request)
+
+        if not self.response_rcvd.wait(timeout):
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out while waiting for handshake response")
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a response, when the response cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # response fails the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake response.
+        if self.response is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Response)
+            self.response = event
+            self.response_rcvd.set()
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+    def recv_events(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming data from the socket and process events.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            super().recv_events()
+        finally:
+            # If the connection is closed during the handshake, unblock it.
+            self.response_rcvd.set()
+
+
+def connect(
+    uri: str,
+    *,
+    # TCP/TLS
+    sock: socket.socket | None = None,
+    ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    # WebSocket
+    origin: Origin | None = None,
+    extensions: Sequence[ClientExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+    compression: str | None = "deflate",
+    # HTTP
+    additional_headers: HeadersLike | None = None,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = USER_AGENT,
+    proxy: str | Literal[True] | None = True,
+    proxy_ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    proxy_server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    # Timeouts
+    open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+    ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+    close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    # Limits
+    max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+    max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    # Logging
+    logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+    create_connection: type[ClientConnection] | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> ClientConnection:
+    """
+    Connect to the WebSocket server at ``uri``.
+
+    This function returns a :class:`ClientConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    :func:`connect` may be used as a context manager::
+
+        from websockets.sync.client import connect
+
+        with connect(...) as websocket:
+            ...
+
+    The connection is closed automatically when exiting the context.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server.
+        sock: Preexisting TCP socket. ``sock`` overrides the host and port
+            from ``uri``. You may call :func:`socket.create_connection` to
+            create a suitable TCP socket.
+        ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection.
+        server_hostname: Host name for the TLS handshake. ``server_hostname``
+            overrides the host name from ``uri``.
+        origin: Value of the ``Origin`` header, for servers that require it.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        additional_headers (HeadersLike | None): Arbitrary HTTP headers to add
+            to the handshake request.
+        user_agent_header: Value of  the ``User-Agent`` request header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``.
+            Setting it to :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        proxy: If a proxy is configured, it is used by default. Set ``proxy``
+            to :obj:`None` to disable the proxy or to the address of a proxy
+            to override the system configuration. See the :doc:`proxy docs
+            <../../topics/proxies>` for details.
+        proxy_ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the proxy connection.
+        proxy_server_hostname: Host name for the TLS handshake with the proxy.
+            ``proxy_server_hostname`` overrides the host name from ``proxy``.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing the connection in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        logger: Logger for this client.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.client")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ClientConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to :func:`~socket.create_connection`.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+        OSError: If the TCP connection fails.
+        InvalidHandshake: If the opening handshake fails.
+        TimeoutError: If the opening handshake times out.
+
+    """
+
+    # Process parameters
+
+    # Backwards compatibility: ssl used to be called ssl_context.
+    if ssl is None and "ssl_context" in kwargs:
+        ssl = kwargs.pop("ssl_context")
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.0 - 2024-08-20
+            "ssl_context was renamed to ssl",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    ws_uri = parse_uri(uri)
+    if not ws_uri.secure and ssl is not None:
+        raise ValueError("ssl argument is incompatible with a ws:// URI")
+
+    # Private APIs for unix_connect()
+    unix: bool = kwargs.pop("unix", False)
+    path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+
+    if unix:
+        if path is None and sock is None:
+            raise ValueError("missing path argument")
+        elif path is not None and sock is not None:
+            raise ValueError("path and sock arguments are incompatible")
+
+    if subprotocols is not None:
+        validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+    if compression == "deflate":
+        extensions = enable_client_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+    elif compression is not None:
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+    if unix:
+        proxy = None
+    if sock is not None:
+        proxy = None
+    if proxy is True:
+        proxy = get_proxy(ws_uri)
+
+    # Calculate timeouts on the TCP, TLS, and WebSocket handshakes.
+    # The TCP and TLS timeouts must be set on the socket, then removed
+    # to avoid conflicting with the WebSocket timeout in handshake().
+    deadline = Deadline(open_timeout)
+
+    if create_connection is None:
+        create_connection = ClientConnection
+
+    try:
+        # Connect socket
+
+        if sock is None:
+            if unix:
+                sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+                sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+                assert path is not None  # mypy cannot figure this out
+                sock.connect(path)
+            elif proxy is not None:
+                proxy_parsed = parse_proxy(proxy)
+                if proxy_parsed.scheme[:5] == "socks":
+                    # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                    sock = connect_socks_proxy(
+                        proxy_parsed,
+                        ws_uri,
+                        deadline,
+                        # websockets is consistent with the socket module while
+                        # python_socks is consistent across implementations.
+                        local_addr=kwargs.pop("source_address", None),
+                    )
+                elif proxy_parsed.scheme[:4] == "http":
+                    # Validate the proxy_ssl argument.
+                    if proxy_parsed.scheme != "https" and proxy_ssl is not None:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "proxy_ssl argument is incompatible with an http:// proxy"
+                        )
+                    # Connect to the server through the proxy.
+                    sock = connect_http_proxy(
+                        proxy_parsed,
+                        ws_uri,
+                        deadline,
+                        user_agent_header=user_agent_header,
+                        ssl=proxy_ssl,
+                        server_hostname=proxy_server_hostname,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    raise AssertionError("unsupported proxy")
+            else:
+                kwargs.setdefault("timeout", deadline.timeout())
+                sock = socket.create_connection(
+                    (ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port),
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+            sock.settimeout(None)
+
+        # Disable Nagle algorithm
+
+        if not unix:
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)
+
+        # Initialize TLS wrapper and perform TLS handshake
+
+        if ws_uri.secure:
+            if ssl is None:
+                ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
+            if server_hostname is None:
+                server_hostname = ws_uri.host
+            sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+            if proxy_ssl is None:
+                sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+            else:
+                sock_2 = SSLSSLSocket(sock, ssl, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+                # Let's pretend that sock is a socket, even though it isn't.
+                sock = cast(socket.socket, sock_2)
+            sock.settimeout(None)
+
+        # Initialize WebSocket protocol
+
+        protocol = ClientProtocol(
+            ws_uri,
+            origin=origin,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            subprotocols=subprotocols,
+            max_size=max_size,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+
+        # Initialize WebSocket connection
+
+        connection = create_connection(
+            sock,
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        if sock is not None:
+            sock.close()
+        raise
+
+    try:
+        connection.handshake(
+            additional_headers,
+            user_agent_header,
+            deadline.timeout(),
+        )
+    except Exception:
+        connection.close_socket()
+        connection.recv_events_thread.join()
+        raise
+
+    connection.start_keepalive()
+    return connection
+
+
+def unix_connect(
+    path: str | None = None,
+    uri: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> ClientConnection:
+    """
+    Connect to a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function accepts the same keyword arguments as :func:`connect`.
+
+    It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's mainly useful for debugging servers listening on Unix sockets.
+
+    Args:
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+        uri: URI of the WebSocket server. ``uri`` defaults to
+            ``ws://localhost/`` or, when a ``ssl`` is provided, to
+            ``wss://localhost/``.
+
+    """
+    if uri is None:
+        # Backwards compatibility: ssl used to be called ssl_context.
+        if kwargs.get("ssl") is None and kwargs.get("ssl_context") is None:
+            uri = "ws://localhost/"
+        else:
+            uri = "wss://localhost/"
+    return connect(uri=uri, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+try:
+    from python_socks import ProxyType
+    from python_socks.sync import Proxy as SocksProxy
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        deadline: Deadline,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        raise ImportError("connecting through a SOCKS proxy requires python-socks")
+
+else:
+    SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES = {
+        "socks5h": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks5": ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+        "socks4a": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+        "socks4": ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+    }
+
+    SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS = {
+        "socks5h": True,
+        "socks5": False,
+        "socks4a": True,
+        "socks4": False,
+    }
+
+    def connect_socks_proxy(
+        proxy: Proxy,
+        ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+        deadline: Deadline,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> socket.socket:
+        """Connect via a SOCKS proxy and return the socket."""
+        socks_proxy = SocksProxy(
+            SOCKS_PROXY_TYPES[proxy.scheme],
+            proxy.host,
+            proxy.port,
+            proxy.username,
+            proxy.password,
+            SOCKS_PROXY_RDNS[proxy.scheme],
+        )
+        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", deadline.timeout())
+        # connect() is documented to raise OSError and TimeoutError.
+        # Wrap other exceptions in ProxyError, a subclass of InvalidHandshake.
+        try:
+            return socks_proxy.connect(ws_uri.host, ws_uri.port, **kwargs)
+        except (OSError, TimeoutError, socket.timeout):
+            raise
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ProxyError("failed to connect to SOCKS proxy") from exc
+
+
+def read_connect_response(sock: socket.socket, deadline: Deadline) -> Response:
+    reader = StreamReader()
+    parser = Response.parse(
+        reader.read_line,
+        reader.read_exact,
+        reader.read_to_eof,
+        proxy=True,
+    )
+    try:
+        while True:
+            sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+            data = sock.recv(4096)
+            if data:
+                reader.feed_data(data)
+            else:
+                reader.feed_eof()
+            next(parser)
+    except StopIteration as exc:
+        assert isinstance(exc.value, Response)  # help mypy
+        response = exc.value
+        if 200 <= response.status_code < 300:
+            return response
+        else:
+            raise InvalidProxyStatus(response)
+    except socket.timeout:
+        raise TimeoutError("timed out while connecting to HTTP proxy")
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise InvalidProxyMessage(
+            "did not receive a valid HTTP response from proxy"
+        ) from exc
+    finally:
+        sock.settimeout(None)
+
+
+def connect_http_proxy(
+    proxy: Proxy,
+    ws_uri: WebSocketURI,
+    deadline: Deadline,
+    *,
+    user_agent_header: str | None = None,
+    ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    # Connect socket
+
+    kwargs.setdefault("timeout", deadline.timeout())
+    sock = socket.create_connection((proxy.host, proxy.port), **kwargs)
+
+    # Initialize TLS wrapper and perform TLS handshake
+
+    if proxy.scheme == "https":
+        if ssl is None:
+            ssl = ssl_module.create_default_context()
+        if server_hostname is None:
+            server_hostname = proxy.host
+        sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+        sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
+        sock.settimeout(None)
+
+    # Send CONNECT request to the proxy and read response.
+
+    sock.sendall(prepare_connect_request(proxy, ws_uri, user_agent_header))
+    try:
+        read_connect_response(sock, deadline)
+    except Exception:
+        sock.close()
+        raise
+
+    return sock
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., T])
+
+
+class SSLSSLSocket:
+    """
+    Socket-like object providing TLS-in-TLS.
+
+    Only methods that are used by websockets are implemented.
+
+    """
+
+    recv_bufsize = 65536
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        ssl_context: ssl_module.SSLContext,
+        server_hostname: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.incoming = ssl_module.MemoryBIO()
+        self.outgoing = ssl_module.MemoryBIO()
+        self.ssl_socket = sock
+        self.ssl_object = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+            self.incoming,
+            self.outgoing,
+            server_hostname=server_hostname,
+        )
+        self.run_io(self.ssl_object.do_handshake)
+
+    def run_io(self, func: Callable[..., T], *args: Any) -> T:
+        while True:
+            want_read = False
+            want_write = False
+            try:
+                result = func(*args)
+            except ssl_module.SSLWantReadError:
+                want_read = True
+            except ssl_module.SSLWantWriteError:  # pragma: no cover
+                want_write = True
+
+            # Write outgoing data in all cases.
+            data = self.outgoing.read()
+            if data:
+                self.ssl_socket.sendall(data)
+
+            # Read incoming data and retry on SSLWantReadError.
+            if want_read:
+                data = self.ssl_socket.recv(self.recv_bufsize)
+                if data:
+                    self.incoming.write(data)
+                else:
+                    self.incoming.write_eof()
+                continue
+            # Retry after writing outgoing data on SSLWantWriteError.
+            if want_write:  # pragma: no cover
+                continue
+            # Return result if no error happened.
+            return result
+
+    def recv(self, buflen: int) -> bytes:
+        try:
+            return self.run_io(self.ssl_object.read, buflen)
+        except ssl_module.SSLEOFError:
+            return b""  # always ignore ragged EOFs
+
+    def send(self, data: BytesLike) -> int:
+        return self.run_io(self.ssl_object.write, data)
+
+    def sendall(self, data: BytesLike) -> None:
+        # adapted from ssl_module.SSLSocket.sendall()
+        count = 0
+        with memoryview(data) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
+            amount = len(byte_view)
+            while count < amount:
+                count += self.send(byte_view[count:])
+
+    # recv_into(), recvfrom(), recvfrom_into(), sendto(), unwrap(), and the
+    # flags argument aren't implemented because websockets doesn't need them.
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(self.ssl_socket, name)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/connection.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..665f478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1078 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import random
+import socket
+import struct
+import threading
+import time
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import (
+    ConcurrencyError,
+    ConnectionClosed,
+    ConnectionClosedOK,
+    ProtocolError,
+)
+from ..frames import DATA_OPCODES, CloseCode, Frame, Opcode
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CLOSED, OPEN, Event, Protocol, State
+from ..typing import BytesLike, Data, DataLike, LoggerLike, Subprotocol
+from .messages import Assembler
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["Connection"]
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """
+    :mod:`threading` implementation of a WebSocket connection.
+
+    :class:`Connection` provides APIs shared between WebSocket servers and
+    clients.
+
+    You shouldn't use it directly. Instead, use
+    :class:`~websockets.sync.client.ClientConnection` or
+    :class:`~websockets.sync.server.ServerConnection`.
+
+    """
+
+    recv_bufsize = 65536
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        protocol: Protocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        self.ping_interval = ping_interval
+        self.ping_timeout = ping_timeout
+        self.close_timeout = close_timeout
+        if isinstance(max_queue, int) or max_queue is None:
+            max_queue_high, max_queue_low = max_queue, None
+        else:
+            max_queue_high, max_queue_low = max_queue
+
+        # Inject reference to this instance in the protocol's logger.
+        self.protocol.logger = logging.LoggerAdapter(
+            self.protocol.logger,
+            {"websocket": self},
+        )
+
+        # Copy attributes from the protocol for convenience.
+        self.id: uuid.UUID = self.protocol.id
+        """Unique identifier of the connection. Useful in logs."""
+        self.logger: LoggerLike = self.protocol.logger
+        """Logger for this connection."""
+        self.debug = self.protocol.debug
+
+        # HTTP handshake request and response.
+        self.request: Request | None = None
+        """Opening handshake request."""
+        self.response: Response | None = None
+        """Opening handshake response."""
+
+        # Mutex serializing interactions with the protocol.
+        self.protocol_mutex = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Lock stopping reads when the assembler buffer is full.
+        self.recv_flow_control = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Assembler turning frames into messages and serializing reads.
+        self.recv_messages = Assembler(
+            max_queue_high,
+            max_queue_low,
+            pause=self.recv_flow_control.acquire,
+            resume=self.recv_flow_control.release,
+        )
+
+        # Deadline for the closing handshake.
+        self.close_deadline: Deadline | None = None
+
+        # Whether we are busy sending a fragmented message.
+        self.send_in_progress = False
+
+        # Mapping of ping IDs to pong waiters, in chronological order.
+        self.pending_pings: dict[bytes, tuple[threading.Event, float, bool]] = {}
+
+        self.latency: float = 0.0
+        """
+        Latency of the connection, in seconds.
+
+        Latency is defined as the round-trip time of the connection. It is
+        measured by sending a Ping frame and waiting for a matching Pong frame.
+        Before the first measurement, :attr:`latency` is ``0.0``.
+
+        By default, websockets enables a :ref:`keepalive <keepalive>` mechanism
+        that sends Ping frames automatically at regular intervals. You can also
+        send Ping frames and measure latency with :meth:`ping`.
+        """
+
+        # Thread that sends keepalive pings. None when ping_interval is None.
+        self.keepalive_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
+
+        # Exception raised while reading from the connection, to be chained to
+        # ConnectionClosed in order to show why the TCP connection dropped.
+        self.recv_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Receiving events from the socket. This thread is marked as daemon to
+        # allow creating a connection in a non-daemon thread and using it in a
+        # daemon thread. This mustn't prevent the interpreter from exiting.
+        self.recv_events_thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=self.recv_events,
+            daemon=True,
+        )
+
+        # Start recv_events only after all attributes are initialized.
+        self.recv_events_thread.start()
+
+    # Public attributes
+
+    @property
+    def local_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Local address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.getsockname()
+
+    @property
+    def remote_address(self) -> Any:
+        """
+        Remote address of the connection.
+
+        For IPv4 connections, this is a ``(host, port)`` tuple.
+
+        The format of the address depends on the address family.
+        See :meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername`.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.getpeername()
+
+    @property
+    def state(self) -> State:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should call :meth:`~recv` or
+        :meth:`send` and handle :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`
+        exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.state
+
+    @property
+    def subprotocol(self) -> Subprotocol | None:
+        """
+        Subprotocol negotiated during the opening handshake.
+
+        :obj:`None` if no subprotocol was negotiated.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.subprotocol
+
+    @property
+    def close_code(self) -> int | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_code
+
+    @property
+    def close_reason(self) -> str | None:
+        """
+        State of the WebSocket connection, defined in :rfc:`6455`.
+
+        This attribute is provided for completeness. Typical applications
+        shouldn't check its value. Instead, they should inspect attributes
+        of :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed` exceptions.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.close_reason
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Connection:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if exc_type is None:
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            self.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Iterate on incoming messages.
+
+        The iterator calls :meth:`recv` and yields messages in an infinite loop.
+
+        It exits when the connection is closed normally. It raises a
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` exception after a
+        protocol error or a network failure.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                yield self.recv()
+        except ConnectionClosedOK:
+            return
+
+    # This overload structure is required to avoid the error:
+    # "parameter without a default follows parameter with a default"
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[False]
+    ) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv(
+        self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None
+    ) -> Data: ...
+
+    def recv(self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Receive the next message.
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`recv` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal closure
+        and :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure. This is how you detect the end of the
+        message stream.
+
+        If ``timeout`` is :obj:`None`, block until a message is received. If
+        ``timeout`` is set, wait up to ``timeout`` seconds for a message to be
+        received and return it, else raise :exc:`TimeoutError`. If ``timeout``
+        is ``0`` or negative, check if a message has been received already and
+        return it, else raise :exc:`TimeoutError`.
+
+        When the message is fragmented, :meth:`recv` waits until all fragments
+        are received, reassembles them, and returns the whole message.
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: Timeout for receiving a message in seconds.
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            A string (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or a bytestring
+            (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              return a bytestring (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed, for example if the message contains
+              JSON and you're using a JSON library that expects a bytestring.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              return strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two threads call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.recv_messages.get(timeout, decode)
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv while another thread "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        self.recv_events_thread.join()
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> Iterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> Iterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]: ...
+
+    def recv_streaming(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Receive the next message frame by frame.
+
+        This method is designed for receiving fragmented messages. It returns an
+        iterator that yields each fragment as it is received. This iterator must
+        be fully consumed. Else, future calls to :meth:`recv` or
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` will raise
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConcurrencyError`, making the connection
+        unusable.
+
+        :meth:`recv_streaming` raises the same exceptions as :meth:`recv`.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: Set this flag to override the default behavior of returning
+                :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`. See below for details.
+
+        Returns:
+            An iterator of strings (:class:`str`) for a Text_ frame or
+            bytestrings (:class:`bytes`) for a Binary_ frame.
+
+            .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+            .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+            You may override this behavior with the ``decode`` argument:
+
+            * Set ``decode=False`` to disable UTF-8 decoding of Text_ frames and
+              yield bytestrings (:class:`bytes`). This improves performance
+              when decoding isn't needed.
+            * Set ``decode=True`` to force UTF-8 decoding of Binary_ frames and
+              yield strings (:class:`str`). This may be useful for servers that
+              send binary frames instead of text frames.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two threads call :meth:`recv` or
+                :meth:`recv_streaming` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            yield from self.recv_messages.get_iter(decode)
+            return
+        except EOFError:
+            pass
+            # fallthrough
+        except ConcurrencyError:
+            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                "cannot call recv_streaming while another thread "
+                "is already running recv or recv_streaming"
+            ) from None
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.fail(
+                    CloseCode.INVALID_DATA,
+                    f"{exc.reason} at position {exc.start}",
+                )
+            # fallthrough
+
+        # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+        self.recv_events_thread.join()
+        raise self.protocol.close_exc from self.recv_exc
+
+    def send(
+        self,
+        message: DataLike | Iterable[DataLike],
+        text: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a message.
+
+        A string (:class:`str`) is sent as a Text_ frame. A bytestring or
+        bytes-like object (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or
+        :class:`memoryview`) is sent as a Binary_ frame.
+
+        .. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+        .. _Binary: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+        You may override this behavior with the ``text`` argument:
+
+        * Set ``text=True`` to send an UTF-8 bytestring or bytes-like object
+          (:class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, or :class:`memoryview`) in a
+          Text_ frame. This improves performance when the message is already
+          UTF-8 encoded, for example if the message contains JSON and you're
+          using a JSON library that produces a bytestring.
+        * Set ``text=False`` to send a string (:class:`str`) in a Binary_
+          frame. This may be useful for servers that expect binary frames
+          instead of text frames.
+
+        :meth:`send` also accepts an iterable of strings, bytestrings, or
+        bytes-like objects to enable fragmentation_. Each item is treated as a
+        message fragment and sent in its own frame. All items must be of the
+        same type, or else :meth:`send` will raise a :exc:`TypeError` and the
+        connection will be closed.
+
+        .. _fragmentation: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.4
+
+        :meth:`send` rejects dict-like objects because this is often an error.
+        (If you really want to send the keys of a dict-like object as fragments,
+        call its :meth:`~dict.keys` method and pass the result to :meth:`send`.)
+
+        When the connection is closed, :meth:`send` raises
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`. Specifically, it
+        raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedOK` after a normal
+        connection closure and
+        :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` after a protocol
+        error or a network failure.
+
+        Args:
+            message: Message to send.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If the connection is sending a fragmented message.
+            TypeError: If ``message`` doesn't have a supported type.
+
+        """
+        # Unfragmented message -- this case must be handled first because
+        # strings and bytes-like objects are iterable.
+
+        if isinstance(message, str):
+            with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress:
+                    raise ConcurrencyError(
+                        "cannot call send while another thread is already running send"
+                    )
+                if text is False:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message.encode())
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        elif isinstance(message, BytesLike):
+            with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress:
+                    raise ConcurrencyError(
+                        "cannot call send while another thread is already running send"
+                    )
+                if text is True:
+                    self.protocol.send_text(message)
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_binary(message)
+
+        # Catch a common mistake -- passing a dict to send().
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError("data is a dict-like object")
+
+        # Fragmented message -- regular iterator.
+
+        elif isinstance(message, Iterable):
+            chunks = iter(message)
+            try:
+                chunk = next(chunks)
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+
+            try:
+                # First fragment.
+                if isinstance(chunk, str):
+                    with self.send_context():
+                        if self.send_in_progress:
+                            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                                "cannot call send while another thread "
+                                "is already running send"
+                            )
+                        self.send_in_progress = True
+                        if text is False:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    encode = True
+                elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike):
+                    with self.send_context():
+                        if self.send_in_progress:
+                            raise ConcurrencyError(
+                                "cannot call send while another thread "
+                                "is already running send"
+                            )
+                        self.send_in_progress = True
+                        if text is True:
+                            self.protocol.send_text(chunk, fin=False)
+                        else:
+                            self.protocol.send_binary(chunk, fin=False)
+                    encode = False
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError("iterable must contain bytes or str")
+
+                # Other fragments
+                for chunk in chunks:
+                    if isinstance(chunk, str) and encode:
+                        with self.send_context():
+                            assert self.send_in_progress
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk.encode(), fin=False)
+                    elif isinstance(chunk, BytesLike) and not encode:
+                        with self.send_context():
+                            assert self.send_in_progress
+                            self.protocol.send_continuation(chunk, fin=False)
+                    else:
+                        raise TypeError("iterable must contain uniform types")
+
+                # Final fragment.
+                with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.send_continuation(b"", fin=True)
+                    self.send_in_progress = False
+
+            except ConcurrencyError:
+                # We didn't start sending a fragmented message.
+                # The connection is still usable.
+                raise
+
+            except Exception:
+                # We're half-way through a fragmented message and we can't
+                # complete it. This makes the connection unusable.
+                with self.send_context():
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "error in fragmented message",
+                    )
+                raise
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str, bytes, or iterable")
+
+    def close(
+        self,
+        code: CloseCode | int = CloseCode.NORMAL_CLOSURE,
+        reason: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the closing handshake.
+
+        :meth:`close` waits for the other end to complete the handshake and
+        for the TCP connection to terminate.
+
+        :meth:`close` is idempotent: it doesn't do anything once the
+        connection is closed.
+
+        Args:
+            code: WebSocket close code.
+            reason: WebSocket close reason.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            # The context manager takes care of waiting for the TCP connection
+            # to terminate after calling a method that sends a close frame.
+            with self.send_context():
+                if self.send_in_progress:
+                    self.protocol.fail(
+                        CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                        "close during fragmented message",
+                    )
+                else:
+                    self.protocol.send_close(code, reason)
+        except ConnectionClosed:
+            # Ignore ConnectionClosed exceptions raised from send_context().
+            # They mean that the connection is closed, which was the goal.
+            pass
+
+    def ping(
+        self,
+        data: DataLike | None = None,
+        ack_on_close: bool = False,
+    ) -> threading.Event:
+        """
+        Send a Ping_.
+
+        .. _Ping: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.2
+
+        A ping may serve as a keepalive or as a check that the remote endpoint
+        received all messages up to this point
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the ping. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+                If ``data`` is :obj:`None`, the payload is four random bytes.
+            ack_on_close: when this option is :obj:`True`, the event will also
+                be set when the connection is closed. While this avoids getting
+                stuck waiting for a pong that will never arrive, it requires
+                checking that the state of the connection is still ``OPEN`` to
+                confirm that a pong was received, rather than the connection
+                being closed.
+
+        Returns:
+            An event that will be set when the corresponding pong is received.
+            You can ignore it if you don't intend to wait.
+
+            ::
+
+                pong_received = ws.ping()
+                # only if you want to wait for the corresponding pong
+                pong_received.wait()
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+            ConcurrencyError: If another ping was sent with the same data and
+                the corresponding pong wasn't received yet.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        elif data is not None:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        with self.send_context():
+            # Protect against duplicates if a payload is explicitly set.
+            if data in self.pending_pings:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("already waiting for a pong with the same data")
+
+            # Generate a unique random payload otherwise.
+            while data is None or data in self.pending_pings:
+                data = struct.pack("!I", random.getrandbits(32))
+
+            pong_received = threading.Event()
+            ping_timestamp = time.monotonic()
+            self.pending_pings[data] = (pong_received, ping_timestamp, ack_on_close)
+            self.protocol.send_ping(data)
+            return pong_received
+
+    def pong(self, data: DataLike = b"") -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Pong_.
+
+        .. _Pong: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3
+
+        An unsolicited pong may serve as a unidirectional heartbeat.
+
+        Args:
+            data: Payload of the pong. A :class:`str` will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Raises:
+            ConnectionClosed: When the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(data, BytesLike):
+            data = bytes(data)
+        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = data.encode()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("data must be str or bytes-like")
+
+        with self.send_context():
+            self.protocol.send_pong(data)
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        This method is overridden in subclasses to handle the handshake.
+
+        """
+        assert isinstance(event, Frame)
+        if event.opcode in DATA_OPCODES:
+            self.recv_messages.put(event)
+
+        if event.opcode is Opcode.PONG:
+            self.acknowledge_pings(bytes(event.data))
+
+    def acknowledge_pings(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Acknowledge pings when receiving a pong.
+
+        """
+        with self.protocol_mutex:
+            # Ignore unsolicited pong.
+            if data not in self.pending_pings:
+                return
+
+            pong_timestamp = time.monotonic()
+
+            # Sending a pong for only the most recent ping is legal.
+            # Acknowledge all previous pings too in that case.
+            ping_id = None
+            ping_ids = []
+            for ping_id, (
+                pong_received,
+                ping_timestamp,
+                _ack_on_close,
+            ) in self.pending_pings.items():
+                ping_ids.append(ping_id)
+                pong_received.set()
+                if ping_id == data:
+                    self.latency = pong_timestamp - ping_timestamp
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("solicited pong not found in pings")
+
+            # Remove acknowledged pings from self.pending_pings.
+            for ping_id in ping_ids:
+                del self.pending_pings[ping_id]
+
+    def terminate_pending_pings(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Acknowledge pending pings when the connection is closed.
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol_mutex.locked()
+        assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+
+        for pong_received, _ping_timestamp, ack_on_close in self.pending_pings.values():
+            if ack_on_close:
+                pong_received.set()
+
+        self.pending_pings.clear()
+
+    def keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send a Ping frame and wait for a Pong frame at regular intervals.
+
+        """
+        assert self.ping_interval is not None
+        try:
+            while True:
+                # If self.ping_timeout > self.latency > self.ping_interval,
+                # pings will be sent immediately after receiving pongs.
+                # The period will be longer than self.ping_interval.
+                self.recv_events_thread.join(self.ping_interval - self.latency)
+                if not self.recv_events_thread.is_alive():
+                    break
+
+                try:
+                    pong_received = self.ping(ack_on_close=True)
+                except ConnectionClosed:
+                    break
+                if self.debug:
+                    self.logger.debug("% sent keepalive ping")
+
+                if self.ping_timeout is not None:
+                    if pong_received.wait(self.ping_timeout):
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("% received keepalive pong")
+                    else:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug("- timed out waiting for keepalive pong")
+                        with self.send_context():
+                            self.protocol.fail(
+                                CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
+                                "keepalive ping timeout",
+                            )
+                        break
+        except Exception:
+            self.logger.error("keepalive ping failed", exc_info=True)
+
+    def start_keepalive(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Run :meth:`keepalive` in a thread, unless keepalive is disabled.
+
+        """
+        if self.ping_interval is not None:
+            # This thread is marked as daemon like self.recv_events_thread.
+            self.keepalive_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self.keepalive,
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            self.keepalive_thread.start()
+
+    def recv_events(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming data from the socket and process events.
+
+        Run this method in a thread as long as the connection is alive.
+
+        ``recv_events()`` exits immediately when ``self.socket`` is closed.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    # If the assembler buffer is full, block until it drains.
+                    with self.recv_flow_control:
+                        pass
+                    if self.close_deadline is not None:
+                        self.socket.settimeout(self.close_deadline.timeout())
+                    data = self.socket.recv(self.recv_bufsize)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    if self.debug:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "! error while receiving data",
+                            exc_info=True,
+                        )
+                    # When the closing handshake is initiated by our side,
+                    # recv() may block until send_context() closes the socket.
+                    # In that case, send_context() already set recv_exc.
+                    # Calling set_recv_exc() avoids overwriting it.
+                    with self.protocol_mutex:
+                        self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+                    break
+
+                if data == b"":
+                    break
+
+                # Acquire the connection lock.
+                with self.protocol_mutex:
+                    # Feed incoming data to the protocol.
+                    self.protocol.receive_data(data)
+
+                    # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                    events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+                    # Write outgoing data to the socket.
+                    try:
+                        self.send_data()
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                "! error while sending data",
+                                exc_info=True,
+                            )
+                        # Similarly to the above, avoid overriding an exception
+                        # set by send_context(), in case of a race condition
+                        # i.e. send_context() closes the socket after recv()
+                        # returns above but before send_data() calls send().
+                        self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+                        break
+
+                    # If needed, set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+                    if self.protocol.close_expected():
+                        if self.close_deadline is None:
+                            self.close_deadline = Deadline(self.close_timeout)
+
+                # Unlock conn_mutex before processing events. Else, the
+                # application can't send messages in response to events.
+
+                # If self.send_data raised an exception, then events are lost.
+                # Given that automatic responses write small amounts of data,
+                # this should be uncommon, so we don't handle the edge case.
+
+                for event in events:
+                    # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                    self.process_event(event)
+
+            # Breaking out of the while True: ... loop means that we believe
+            # that the socket doesn't work anymore.
+
+            with self.protocol_mutex:
+                # Feed the end of the data stream to the protocol.
+                self.protocol.receive_eof()
+
+                # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                events = self.protocol.events_received()
+
+                # There is no error handling because send_data() can only write
+                # the end of the data stream and it handles errors by itself.
+                self.send_data()
+
+            # This code path is triggered when receiving an HTTP response
+            # without a Content-Length header. This is the only case where
+            # reading until EOF generates an event; all other events have
+            # a known length. Ignore for coverage measurement because tests
+            # are in test_client.py rather than test_connection.py.
+            for event in events:  # pragma: no cover
+                # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+                self.process_event(event)
+
+        except Exception as exc:
+            # This branch should never run. It's a safety net in case of bugs.
+            self.logger.error("unexpected internal error", exc_info=True)
+            with self.protocol_mutex:
+                self.set_recv_exc(exc)
+        finally:
+            # This isn't expected to raise an exception.
+            self.close_socket()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def send_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        expected_state: State = OPEN,  # CONNECTING during the opening handshake
+    ) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """
+        Create a context for writing to the connection from user code.
+
+        On entry, :meth:`send_context` acquires the connection lock and checks
+        that the connection is open; on exit, it writes outgoing data to the
+        socket and releases the connection lock::
+
+            with self.send_context():
+                self.protocol.send_text(message.encode())
+
+        When the connection isn't open on entry, when the connection is expected
+        to close on exit, or when an unexpected error happens, terminating the
+        connection, :meth:`send_context` waits until the connection is closed
+        then raises :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosed`.
+
+        """
+        # Should we wait until the connection is closed?
+        wait_for_close = False
+        # Should we close the socket and raise ConnectionClosed?
+        raise_close_exc = False
+        # What exception should we chain ConnectionClosed to?
+        original_exc: BaseException | None = None
+
+        # Acquire the protocol lock.
+        with self.protocol_mutex:
+            if self.protocol.state is expected_state:
+                # Let the caller interact with the protocol.
+                try:
+                    yield
+                except (ProtocolError, ConcurrencyError):
+                    # The protocol state wasn't changed. Exit immediately.
+                    raise
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    self.logger.error("unexpected internal error", exc_info=True)
+                    # This branch should never run. It's a safety net in case of
+                    # bugs. Since we don't know what happened, we will close the
+                    # connection and raise the exception to the caller.
+                    wait_for_close = False
+                    raise_close_exc = True
+                    original_exc = exc
+                else:
+                    # Check if the connection is expected to close soon.
+                    if self.protocol.close_expected():
+                        wait_for_close = True
+                        # Set the close deadline based on the close timeout.
+                        # Since we tested earlier that protocol.state is OPEN
+                        # (or CONNECTING) and we didn't release protocol_mutex,
+                        # self.close_deadline is still None.
+                        assert self.close_deadline is None
+                        self.close_deadline = Deadline(self.close_timeout)
+                    # Write outgoing data to the socket.
+                    try:
+                        self.send_data()
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        if self.debug:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                "! error while sending data",
+                                exc_info=True,
+                            )
+                        # While the only expected exception here is OSError,
+                        # other exceptions would be treated identically.
+                        wait_for_close = False
+                        raise_close_exc = True
+                        original_exc = exc
+
+            else:  # self.protocol.state is not expected_state
+                # Minor layering violation: we assume that the connection
+                # will be closing soon if it isn't in the expected state.
+                wait_for_close = True
+                # Calculate close_deadline if it wasn't set yet.
+                if self.close_deadline is None:
+                    self.close_deadline = Deadline(self.close_timeout)
+                raise_close_exc = True
+
+        # To avoid a deadlock, release the connection lock by exiting the
+        # context manager before waiting for recv_events() to terminate.
+
+        # If the connection is expected to close soon and the close timeout
+        # elapses, close the socket to terminate the connection.
+        if wait_for_close:
+            # Thread.join() returns immediately if timeout is negative.
+            assert self.close_deadline is not None
+            timeout = self.close_deadline.timeout(raise_if_elapsed=False)
+            self.recv_events_thread.join(timeout)
+            if self.recv_events_thread.is_alive():
+                # There's no risk of overwriting another error because
+                # original_exc is never set when wait_for_close is True.
+                assert original_exc is None
+                original_exc = TimeoutError("timed out while closing connection")
+                # Set recv_exc before closing the socket in order to get
+                # proper exception reporting.
+                raise_close_exc = True
+                with self.protocol_mutex:
+                    self.set_recv_exc(original_exc)
+
+        # If an error occurred, close the socket to terminate the connection and
+        # raise an exception.
+        if raise_close_exc:
+            self.close_socket()
+            # Wait for the protocol state to be CLOSED before accessing close_exc.
+            self.recv_events_thread.join()
+            raise self.protocol.close_exc from original_exc
+
+    def send_data(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Send outgoing data.
+
+        This method requires holding protocol_mutex.
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol_mutex.locked()
+        for data in self.protocol.data_to_send():
+            if data:
+                if self.close_deadline is not None:
+                    self.socket.settimeout(self.close_deadline.timeout())
+                self.socket.sendall(data)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    self.socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+                except OSError:  # socket already closed
+                    pass
+
+    def set_recv_exc(self, exc: BaseException | None) -> None:
+        """
+        Set recv_exc, if not set yet.
+
+        This method requires holding protocol_mutex and must be called only from
+        the thread running recv_events().
+
+        """
+        assert self.protocol_mutex.locked()
+        if self.recv_exc is None:
+            self.recv_exc = exc
+
+    def close_socket(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Shutdown and close socket. Close message assembler.
+
+        Calling close_socket() guarantees that recv_events() terminates. Indeed,
+        recv_events() may block only on socket.recv() or on recv_messages.put().
+
+        """
+        # shutdown() is required to interrupt recv() on Linux.
+        try:
+            self.socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+        except OSError:  # socket already closed
+            pass
+        self.socket.close()
+
+        # Calling protocol.receive_eof() is safe because it's idempotent.
+        # This guarantees that the protocol state becomes CLOSED.
+        with self.protocol_mutex:
+            self.protocol.receive_eof()
+            assert self.protocol.state is CLOSED
+
+            # Abort recv() with a ConnectionClosed exception.
+            self.recv_messages.close()
+
+            # Acknowledge pings sent with the ack_on_close option.
+            self.terminate_pending_pings()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/messages.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/messages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d95519f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/messages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import codecs
+import queue
+import threading
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Literal, overload
+
+from ..exceptions import ConcurrencyError
+from ..frames import OP_BINARY, OP_CONT, OP_TEXT, Frame
+from ..typing import Data
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["Assembler"]
+
+UTF8Decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder("utf-8")
+
+
+class Assembler:
+    """
+    Assemble messages from frames.
+
+    :class:`Assembler` expects only data frames. The stream of frames must
+    respect the protocol; if it doesn't, the behavior is undefined.
+
+    Args:
+        pause: Called when the buffer of frames goes above the high water mark;
+            should pause reading from the network.
+        resume: Called when the buffer of frames goes below the low water mark;
+            should resume reading from the network.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        high: int | None = None,
+        low: int | None = None,
+        pause: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+        resume: Callable[[], Any] = lambda: None,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Serialize reads and writes -- except for reads via synchronization
+        # primitives provided by the threading and queue modules.
+        self.mutex = threading.Lock()
+
+        # Queue of incoming frames.
+        self.frames: queue.SimpleQueue[Frame | None] = queue.SimpleQueue()
+
+        # We cannot put a hard limit on the size of the queue because a single
+        # call to Protocol.data_received() could produce thousands of frames,
+        # which must be buffered. Instead, we pause reading when the buffer goes
+        # above the high limit and we resume when it goes under the low limit.
+        if high is not None and low is None:
+            low = high // 4
+        if high is None and low is not None:
+            high = low * 4
+        if high is not None and low is not None:
+            if low < 0:
+                raise ValueError("low must be positive or equal to zero")
+            if high < low:
+                raise ValueError("high must be greater than or equal to low")
+        self.high, self.low = high, low
+        self.pause = pause
+        self.resume = resume
+        self.paused = False
+
+        # This flag prevents concurrent calls to get() by user code.
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This flag marks the end of the connection.
+        self.closed = False
+
+    def get_next_frame(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> Frame:
+        # Helper to factor out the logic for getting the next frame from the
+        # queue, while handling timeouts and reaching the end of the stream.
+        if self.closed:
+            try:
+                frame = self.frames.get(block=False)
+            except queue.Empty:
+                raise EOFError("stream of frames ended") from None
+        else:
+            try:
+                # Check for a frame that's already received if timeout <= 0.
+                # SimpleQueue.get() doesn't support negative timeout values.
+                if timeout is not None and timeout <= 0:
+                    frame = self.frames.get(block=False)
+                else:
+                    frame = self.frames.get(block=True, timeout=timeout)
+            except queue.Empty:
+                raise TimeoutError(f"timed out in {timeout:.1f}s") from None
+        if frame is None:
+            raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+        return frame
+
+    def reset_queue(self, frames: Iterable[Frame]) -> None:
+        # Helper to put frames back into the queue after they were fetched.
+        # This happens only when the queue is empty. However, by the time
+        # we acquire self.mutex, put() may have added items in the queue.
+        # Therefore, we must handle the case where the queue is not empty.
+        frame: Frame | None
+        with self.mutex:
+            queued = []
+            try:
+                while True:
+                    queued.append(self.frames.get(block=False))
+            except queue.Empty:
+                pass
+            for frame in frames:
+                self.frames.put(frame)
+            # This loop runs only when a race condition occurs.
+            for frame in queued:  # pragma: no cover
+                self.frames.put(frame)
+
+    # This overload structure is required to avoid the error:
+    # "parameter without a default follows parameter with a default"
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[True]) -> str: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, *, decode: Literal[False]) -> bytes: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data: ...
+
+    def get(self, timeout: float | None = None, decode: bool | None = None) -> Data:
+        """
+        Read the next message.
+
+        :meth:`get` returns a single :class:`str` or :class:`bytes`.
+
+        If the message is fragmented, :meth:`get` waits until the last frame is
+        received, then it reassembles the message and returns it. To receive
+        messages frame by frame, use :meth:`get_iter` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: If a timeout is provided and elapses before a complete
+                message is received, :meth:`get` raises :exc:`TimeoutError`.
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+            TimeoutError: If a timeout is provided and elapses before a
+                complete message is received.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.get_in_progress:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+            self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get() fetches a complete message or times out.
+
+        try:
+            deadline = Deadline(timeout)
+
+            # Fetch the first frame.
+            frame = self.get_next_frame(deadline.timeout(raise_if_elapsed=False))
+            with self.mutex:
+                self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+            if decode is None:
+                decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+            frames = [frame]
+
+            # Fetch subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+            while not frame.fin:
+                try:
+                    frame = self.get_next_frame(
+                        deadline.timeout(raise_if_elapsed=False)
+                    )
+                except TimeoutError:
+                    # Put frames already received back into the queue
+                    # so that future calls to get() can return them.
+                    self.reset_queue(frames)
+                    raise
+                with self.mutex:
+                    self.maybe_resume()
+                assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+                frames.append(frame)
+
+        finally:
+            self.get_in_progress = False
+
+        # This converts frame.data to bytes when it's a bytearray.
+        data = b"".join(frame.data for frame in frames)
+        if decode:
+            return data.decode()
+        else:
+            return data
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[True]) -> Iterator[str]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: Literal[False]) -> Iterator[bytes]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]: ...
+
+    def get_iter(self, decode: bool | None = None) -> Iterator[Data]:
+        """
+        Stream the next message.
+
+        Iterating the return value of :meth:`get_iter` yields a :class:`str` or
+        :class:`bytes` for each frame in the message.
+
+        The iterator must be fully consumed before calling :meth:`get_iter` or
+        :meth:`get` again. Else, :exc:`ConcurrencyError` is raised.
+
+        This method only makes sense for fragmented messages. If messages aren't
+        fragmented, use :meth:`get` instead.
+
+        Args:
+            decode: :obj:`False` disables UTF-8 decoding of text frames and
+                returns :class:`bytes`. :obj:`True` forces UTF-8 decoding of
+                binary frames and returns :class:`str`.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+            UnicodeDecodeError: If a text frame contains invalid UTF-8.
+            ConcurrencyError: If two coroutines run :meth:`get` or
+                :meth:`get_iter` concurrently.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.get_in_progress:
+                raise ConcurrencyError("get() or get_iter() is already running")
+            self.get_in_progress = True
+
+        # Locking with get_in_progress prevents concurrent execution
+        # until get_iter() fetches a complete message or times out.
+
+        # If get_iter() raises an exception e.g. in decoder.decode(),
+        # get_in_progress remains set and the connection becomes unusable.
+
+        # Yield the first frame.
+        frame = self.get_next_frame()
+        with self.mutex:
+            self.maybe_resume()
+        assert frame.opcode is OP_TEXT or frame.opcode is OP_BINARY
+        if decode is None:
+            decode = frame.opcode is OP_TEXT
+        if decode:
+            decoder = UTF8Decoder()
+            yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+        else:
+            # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+            yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        # Yield subsequent frames for fragmented messages.
+        while not frame.fin:
+            frame = self.get_next_frame()
+            with self.mutex:
+                self.maybe_resume()
+            assert frame.opcode is OP_CONT
+            if decode:
+                yield decoder.decode(frame.data, frame.fin)
+            else:
+                # Convert to bytes when frame.data is a bytearray.
+                yield bytes(frame.data)
+
+        self.get_in_progress = False
+
+    def put(self, frame: Frame) -> None:
+        """
+        Add ``frame`` to the next message.
+
+        Raises:
+            EOFError: If the stream of frames has ended.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.closed:
+                raise EOFError("stream of frames ended")
+
+            self.frames.put(frame)
+            self.maybe_pause()
+
+    # put() and get/get_iter() call maybe_pause() and maybe_resume() while
+    # holding self.mutex. This guarantees that the calls interleave properly.
+    # Specifically, it prevents a race condition where maybe_resume() would
+    # run before maybe_pause(), leaving the connection incorrectly paused.
+
+    # A race condition is possible when get/get_iter() call self.frames.get()
+    # without holding self.mutex. However, it's harmless — and even beneficial!
+    # It can only result in popping an item from the queue before maybe_resume()
+    # runs and skipping a pause() - resume() cycle that would otherwise occur.
+
+    def maybe_pause(self) -> None:
+        """Pause the writer if queue is above the high water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.high is None:
+            return
+
+        assert self.mutex.locked()
+
+        # Check for "> high" to support high = 0.
+        if self.frames.qsize() > self.high and not self.paused:
+            self.paused = True
+            self.pause()
+
+    def maybe_resume(self) -> None:
+        """Resume the writer if queue is below the low water mark."""
+        # Skip if flow control is disabled.
+        if self.low is None:
+            return
+
+        assert self.mutex.locked()
+
+        # Check for "<= low" to support low = 0.
+        if self.frames.qsize() <= self.low and self.paused:
+            self.paused = False
+            self.resume()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        End the stream of frames.
+
+        Calling :meth:`close` concurrently with :meth:`get`, :meth:`get_iter`,
+        or :meth:`put` is safe. They will raise :exc:`EOFError`.
+
+        """
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.closed:
+                return
+
+            self.closed = True
+
+            if self.get_in_progress:
+                # Unblock get() or get_iter().
+                self.frames.put(None)
+
+            if self.paused:
+                # Unblock recv_events().
+                self.paused = False
+                self.resume()
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/router.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/router.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c35e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/router.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import urllib.parse
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal
+
+from ..http11 import Request, Response
+from .server import Server, ServerConnection, serve
+
+
+__all__ = ["route", "unix_route", "Router"]
+
+
+try:
+    from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
+    from werkzeug.routing import Map, RequestRedirect
+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        raise ImportError("route() requires werkzeug")
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        raise ImportError("unix_route() requires werkzeug")
+
+else:
+
+    def route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        *args: Any,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | Literal[True] | None = None,
+        create_router: type[Router] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        This feature requires the third-party library `werkzeug`_:
+
+        .. code-block:: console
+
+            $ pip install werkzeug
+
+        .. _werkzeug: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
+
+        :func:`route` accepts the same arguments as
+        :func:`~websockets.sync.server.serve`, except as described below.
+
+        The first argument is a :class:`werkzeug.routing.Map` that maps URL patterns
+        to connection handlers. In addition to the connection, handlers receive
+        parameters captured in the URL as keyword arguments.
+
+        Here's an example::
+
+
+            from websockets.sync.router import route
+            from werkzeug.routing import Map, Rule
+
+            def channel_handler(websocket, channel_id):
+                ...
+
+            url_map = Map([
+                Rule("/channel/<uuid:channel_id>", endpoint=channel_handler),
+                ...
+            ])
+
+            with route(url_map, ...) as server:
+                server.serve_forever()
+
+        Refer to the documentation of :mod:`werkzeug.routing` for details.
+
+        If you define redirects with ``Rule(..., redirect_to=...)`` in the URL map,
+        when the server runs behind a reverse proxy that modifies the ``Host``
+        header or terminates TLS, you need additional configuration:
+
+        * Set ``server_name`` to the name of the server as seen by clients. When
+          not provided, websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+
+        * Set ``ssl=True`` to generate ``wss://`` URIs without enabling TLS.
+          Under the hood, this bind the URL map with a ``url_scheme`` of
+          ``wss://`` instead of ``ws://``.
+
+        There is no need to specify ``websocket=True`` in each rule. It is added
+        automatically.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            server_name: Name of the server as seen by clients. If :obj:`None`,
+                websockets uses the value of the ``Host`` header.
+            ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection. Set it to
+                :obj:`True` if a reverse proxy terminates TLS connections.
+            create_router: Factory for the :class:`Router` dispatching requests to
+                handlers. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize routing.
+
+        """
+        url_scheme = "ws" if ssl is None else "wss"
+        if ssl is not True and ssl is not None:
+            kwargs["ssl"] = ssl
+
+        if create_router is None:
+            create_router = Router
+
+        router = create_router(url_map, server_name, url_scheme)
+
+        _process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = kwargs.pop("process_request", None)
+        if _process_request is None:
+            process_request: Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Response | None,
+            ] = router.route_request
+        else:
+
+            def process_request(
+                connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+            ) -> Response | None:
+                response = _process_request(connection, request)
+                if response is not None:
+                    return response
+                return router.route_request(connection, request)
+
+        return serve(router.handler, *args, process_request=process_request, **kwargs)
+
+    def unix_route(
+        url_map: Map,
+        path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Server:
+        """
+        Create a WebSocket Unix server dispatching connections to different handlers.
+
+        :func:`unix_route` combines the behaviors of :func:`route` and
+        :func:`~websockets.sync.server.unix_serve`.
+
+        Args:
+            url_map: Mapping of URL patterns to connection handlers.
+            path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+        """
+        return route(url_map, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Router:
+    """WebSocket router supporting :func:`route`."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        url_map: Map,
+        server_name: str | None = None,
+        url_scheme: str = "ws",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.url_map = url_map
+        self.server_name = server_name
+        self.url_scheme = url_scheme
+        for rule in self.url_map.iter_rules():
+            rule.websocket = True
+
+    def get_server_name(self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request) -> str:
+        if self.server_name is None:
+            return request.headers["Host"]
+        else:
+            return self.server_name
+
+    def redirect(self, connection: ServerConnection, url: str) -> Response:
+        response = connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.FOUND, f"Found at {url}")
+        response.headers["Location"] = url
+        return response
+
+    def not_found(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> Response:
+        return connection.respond(http.HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "Not Found")
+
+    def route_request(
+        self, connection: ServerConnection, request: Request
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """Route incoming request."""
+        url_map_adapter = self.url_map.bind(
+            server_name=self.get_server_name(connection, request),
+            url_scheme=self.url_scheme,
+        )
+        try:
+            parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(request.path)
+            handler, kwargs = url_map_adapter.match(
+                path_info=parsed.path,
+                query_args=parsed.query,
+            )
+        except RequestRedirect as redirect:
+            return self.redirect(connection, redirect.new_url)
+        except NotFound:
+            return self.not_found(connection)
+        connection.handler, connection.handler_kwargs = handler, kwargs
+        return None
+
+    def handler(self, connection: ServerConnection) -> None:
+        """Handle a connection."""
+        return connection.handler(connection, **connection.handler_kwargs)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/server.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffd82fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hmac
+import http
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import selectors
+import socket
+import ssl as ssl_module
+import sys
+import threading
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping, cast
+
+from ..exceptions import InvalidHeader
+from ..extensions.base import ServerExtensionFactory
+from ..extensions.permessage_deflate import enable_server_permessage_deflate
+from ..frames import CloseCode
+from ..headers import (
+    build_www_authenticate_basic,
+    parse_authorization_basic,
+    validate_subprotocols,
+)
+from ..http11 import SERVER, Request, Response
+from ..protocol import CONNECTING, OPEN, Event
+from ..server import ServerProtocol
+from ..typing import LoggerLike, Origin, StatusLike, Subprotocol
+from .connection import Connection
+from .utils import Deadline
+
+
+__all__ = ["serve", "unix_serve", "ServerConnection", "Server", "basic_auth"]
+
+
+class ServerConnection(Connection):
+    """
+    :mod:`threading` implementation of a WebSocket server connection.
+
+    :class:`ServerConnection` provides :meth:`recv` and :meth:`send` methods for
+    receiving and sending messages.
+
+    It supports iteration to receive messages::
+
+        for message in websocket:
+            process(message)
+
+    The iterator exits normally when the connection is closed with code
+    1000 (OK) or 1001 (going away) or without a close code. It raises a
+    :exc:`~websockets.exceptions.ConnectionClosedError` when the connection is
+    closed with any other code.
+
+    The ``ping_interval``, ``ping_timeout``, ``close_timeout``, and
+    ``max_queue`` arguments have the same meaning as in :func:`serve`.
+
+    Args:
+        socket: Socket connected to a WebSocket client.
+        protocol: Sans-I/O connection.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        protocol: ServerProtocol,
+        *,
+        ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+        ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+        close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+        max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.protocol: ServerProtocol
+        self.request_rcvd = threading.Event()
+        super().__init__(
+            socket,
+            protocol,
+            ping_interval=ping_interval,
+            ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+            close_timeout=close_timeout,
+            max_queue=max_queue,
+        )
+        self.username: str  # see basic_auth()
+        self.handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], None]  # see route()
+        self.handler_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any]  # see route()
+
+    def respond(self, status: StatusLike, text: str) -> Response:
+        """
+        Create a plain text HTTP response.
+
+        ``process_request`` and ``process_response`` may call this method to
+        return an HTTP response instead of performing the WebSocket opening
+        handshake.
+
+        You can modify the response before returning it, for example by changing
+        HTTP headers.
+
+        Args:
+            status: HTTP status code.
+            text: HTTP response body; it will be encoded to UTF-8.
+
+        Returns:
+            HTTP response to send to the client.
+
+        """
+        return self.protocol.reject(status, text)
+
+    def handshake(
+        self,
+        process_request: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request],
+                Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        process_response: (
+            Callable[
+                [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+                Response | None,
+            ]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+        server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+        timeout: float | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform the opening handshake.
+
+        """
+        if not self.request_rcvd.wait(timeout):
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out while waiting for handshake request")
+
+        if self.request is not None:
+            with self.send_context(expected_state=CONNECTING):
+                response = None
+
+                if process_request is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_request(self, self.request)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                if response is None:
+                    self.response = self.protocol.accept(self.request)
+                else:
+                    self.response = response
+
+                if server_header:
+                    self.response.headers["Server"] = server_header
+
+                response = None
+
+                if process_response is not None:
+                    try:
+                        response = process_response(self, self.request, self.response)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        self.protocol.handshake_exc = exc
+                        response = self.protocol.reject(
+                            http.HTTPStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                            (
+                                "Failed to open a WebSocket connection.\n"
+                                "See server log for more information.\n"
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+                    if response is not None:
+                        self.response = response
+
+                self.protocol.send_response(self.response)
+
+        # self.protocol.handshake_exc is set when the connection is lost before
+        # receiving a request, when the request cannot be parsed, or when the
+        # handshake fails, including when process_request or process_response
+        # raises an exception.
+
+        # It isn't set when process_request or process_response sends an HTTP
+        # response that rejects the handshake.
+
+        if self.protocol.handshake_exc is not None:
+            raise self.protocol.handshake_exc
+
+    def process_event(self, event: Event) -> None:
+        """
+        Process one incoming event.
+
+        """
+        # First event - handshake request.
+        if self.request is None:
+            assert isinstance(event, Request)
+            self.request = event
+            self.request_rcvd.set()
+        # Later events - frames.
+        else:
+            super().process_event(event)
+
+    def recv_events(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Read incoming data from the socket and process events.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            super().recv_events()
+        finally:
+            # If the connection is closed during the handshake, unblock it.
+            self.request_rcvd.set()
+
+
+class Server:
+    """
+    WebSocket server returned by :func:`serve`.
+
+    This class mirrors the API of :class:`~socketserver.BaseServer`, notably the
+    :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever` and
+    :meth:`~socketserver.BaseServer.shutdown` methods, as well as the context
+    manager protocol.
+
+    Args:
+        socket: Server socket listening for new connections.
+        handler: Handler for one connection. Receives the socket and address
+            returned by :meth:`~socket.socket.accept`.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``.
+            See the :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        socket: socket.socket,
+        handler: Callable[[socket.socket, Any], None],
+        logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.socket = socket
+        self.handler = handler
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = logging.getLogger("websockets.server")
+        self.logger = logger
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            self.shutdown_watcher, self.shutdown_notifier = os.pipe()
+
+    def serve_forever(self) -> None:
+        """
+        See :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.serve_forever`.
+
+        This method doesn't return. Calling :meth:`shutdown` from another thread
+        stops the server.
+
+        Typical use::
+
+            with serve(...) as server:
+                server.serve_forever()
+
+        """
+        poller = selectors.DefaultSelector()
+        try:
+            poller.register(self.socket, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+        except ValueError:  # pragma: no cover
+            # If shutdown() is called before poller.register(),
+            # the socket is closed and poller.register() raises
+            # ValueError: Invalid file descriptor: -1
+            return
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            poller.register(self.shutdown_watcher, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+        while True:
+            poller.select()
+            try:
+                # If the socket is closed, this will raise an exception and exit
+                # the loop. So we don't need to check the return value of select().
+                sock, addr = self.socket.accept()
+            except OSError:
+                break
+            # Since there isn't a mechanism for tracking connections and waiting
+            # for them to terminate, we cannot use daemon threads, or else all
+            # connections would be terminate brutally when closing the server.
+            thread = threading.Thread(target=self.handler, args=(sock, addr))
+            thread.start()
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        """
+        See :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.shutdown`.
+
+        """
+        self.socket.close()
+        if sys.platform != "win32":
+            os.write(self.shutdown_notifier, b"x")
+
+    def fileno(self) -> int:
+        """
+        See :meth:`socketserver.BaseServer.fileno`.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Server:
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.shutdown()
+
+
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
+    if name == "WebSocketServer":
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.0 - 2024-08-20
+            "WebSocketServer was renamed to Server",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return Server
+    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")
+
+
+def serve(
+    handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], None],
+    host: str | None = None,
+    port: int | None = None,
+    *,
+    # TCP/TLS
+    sock: socket.socket | None = None,
+    ssl: ssl_module.SSLContext | None = None,
+    # WebSocket
+    origins: Sequence[Origin | re.Pattern[str] | None] | None = None,
+    extensions: Sequence[ServerExtensionFactory] | None = None,
+    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol] | None = None,
+    select_subprotocol: (
+        Callable[
+            [ServerConnection, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+            Subprotocol | None,
+        ]
+        | None
+    ) = None,
+    compression: str | None = "deflate",
+    # HTTP
+    process_request: (
+        Callable[
+            [ServerConnection, Request],
+            Response | None,
+        ]
+        | None
+    ) = None,
+    process_response: (
+        Callable[
+            [ServerConnection, Request, Response],
+            Response | None,
+        ]
+        | None
+    ) = None,
+    server_header: str | None = SERVER,
+    # Timeouts
+    open_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    ping_interval: float | None = 20,
+    ping_timeout: float | None = 20,
+    close_timeout: float | None = 10,
+    # Limits
+    max_size: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 2**20,
+    max_queue: int | None | tuple[int | None, int | None] = 16,
+    # Logging
+    logger: LoggerLike | None = None,
+    # Escape hatch for advanced customization
+    create_connection: type[ServerConnection] | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Server:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on ``host`` and ``port``.
+
+    Whenever a client connects, the server creates a :class:`ServerConnection`,
+    performs the opening handshake, and delegates to the ``handler``.
+
+    The handler receives the :class:`ServerConnection` instance, which you can
+    use to send and receive messages.
+
+    Once the handler completes, either normally or with an exception, the server
+    performs the closing handshake and closes the connection.
+
+    This function returns a :class:`Server` whose API mirrors
+    :class:`~socketserver.BaseServer`. Treat it as a context manager to ensure
+    that it will be closed and call :meth:`~Server.serve_forever` to serve
+    requests::
+
+        from websockets.sync.server import serve
+
+        def handler(websocket):
+            ...
+
+        with serve(handler, ...) as server:
+            server.serve_forever()
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        host: Network interfaces the server binds to.
+            See :func:`~socket.create_server` for details.
+        port: TCP port the server listens on.
+            See :func:`~socket.create_server` for details.
+        sock: Preexisting TCP socket. ``sock`` replaces ``host`` and ``port``.
+            You may call :func:`socket.create_server` to create a suitable TCP
+            socket.
+        ssl: Configuration for enabling TLS on the connection.
+        origins: Acceptable values of the ``Origin`` header, for defending
+            against Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking attacks. Values can be
+            :class:`str` to test for an exact match or regular expressions
+            compiled by :func:`re.compile` to test against a pattern. Include
+            :obj:`None` in the list if the lack of an origin is acceptable.
+        extensions: List of supported extensions, in order in which they
+            should be negotiated and run.
+        subprotocols: List of supported subprotocols, in order of decreasing
+            preference.
+        select_subprotocol: Callback for selecting a subprotocol among
+            those supported by the client and the server. It receives a
+            :class:`ServerConnection` (not a
+            :class:`~websockets.server.ServerProtocol`!) instance and a list of
+            subprotocols offered by the client. Other than the first argument,
+            it has the same behavior as the
+            :meth:`ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol
+            <websockets.server.ServerProtocol.select_subprotocol>` method.
+        compression: The "permessage-deflate" extension is enabled by default.
+            Set ``compression`` to :obj:`None` to disable it. See the
+            :doc:`compression guide <../../topics/compression>` for details.
+        process_request: Intercept the request during the opening handshake.
+            Return an HTTP response to force the response. Return :obj:`None` to
+            continue normally. When you force an HTTP 101 Continue response, the
+            handshake is successful. Else, the connection is aborted.
+        process_response: Intercept the response during the opening handshake.
+            Modify the response or return a new HTTP response to force the
+            response. Return :obj:`None` to continue normally. When you force an
+            HTTP 101 Continue response, the handshake is successful. Else, the
+            connection is aborted.
+        server_header: Value of  the ``Server`` response header.
+            It defaults to ``"Python/x.y.z websockets/X.Y"``. Setting it to
+            :obj:`None` removes the header.
+        open_timeout: Timeout for opening connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        ping_interval: Interval between keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables keepalive.
+        ping_timeout: Timeout for keepalive pings in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables timeouts.
+        close_timeout: Timeout for closing connections in seconds.
+            :obj:`None` disables the timeout.
+        max_size: Maximum size of incoming messages in bytes.
+            :obj:`None` disables the limit. You may pass a ``(max_message_size,
+            max_fragment_size)`` tuple to set different limits for messages and
+            fragments when you expect long messages sent in short fragments.
+        max_queue: High-water mark of the buffer where frames are received.
+            It defaults to 16 frames. The low-water mark defaults to ``max_queue
+            // 4``. You may pass a ``(high, low)`` tuple to set the high-water
+            and low-water marks. If you want to disable flow control entirely,
+            you may set it to ``None``, although that's a bad idea.
+        logger: Logger for this server.
+            It defaults to ``logging.getLogger("websockets.server")``. See the
+            :doc:`logging guide <../../topics/logging>` for details.
+        create_connection: Factory for the :class:`ServerConnection` managing
+            the connection. Set it to a wrapper or a subclass to customize
+            connection handling.
+
+    Any other keyword arguments are passed to :func:`~socket.create_server`.
+
+    """
+
+    # Process parameters
+
+    # Backwards compatibility: ssl used to be called ssl_context.
+    if ssl is None and "ssl_context" in kwargs:
+        ssl = kwargs.pop("ssl_context")
+        warnings.warn(  # deprecated in 13.0 - 2024-08-20
+            "ssl_context was renamed to ssl",
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+
+    if subprotocols is not None:
+        validate_subprotocols(subprotocols)
+
+    if compression == "deflate":
+        extensions = enable_server_permessage_deflate(extensions)
+    elif compression is not None:
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported compression: {compression}")
+
+    if create_connection is None:
+        create_connection = ServerConnection
+
+    # Bind socket and listen
+
+    # Private APIs for unix_connect()
+    unix: bool = kwargs.pop("unix", False)
+    path: str | None = kwargs.pop("path", None)
+
+    if sock is None:
+        if unix:
+            if path is None:
+                raise ValueError("missing path argument")
+            kwargs.setdefault("family", socket.AF_UNIX)
+            sock = socket.create_server(path, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            sock = socket.create_server((host, port), **kwargs)
+    else:
+        if path is not None:
+            raise ValueError("path and sock arguments are incompatible")
+
+    # Initialize TLS wrapper
+
+    if ssl is not None:
+        sock = ssl.wrap_socket(
+            sock,
+            server_side=True,
+            # Delay TLS handshake until after we set a timeout on the socket.
+            do_handshake_on_connect=False,
+        )
+
+    # Define request handler
+
+    def conn_handler(sock: socket.socket, addr: Any) -> None:
+        # Calculate timeouts on the TLS and WebSocket handshakes.
+        # The TLS timeout must be set on the socket, then removed
+        # to avoid conflicting with the WebSocket timeout in handshake().
+        deadline = Deadline(open_timeout)
+
+        try:
+            # Disable Nagle algorithm
+
+            if not unix:
+                sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)
+
+            # Perform TLS handshake
+
+            if ssl is not None:
+                sock.settimeout(deadline.timeout())
+                # mypy cannot figure this out
+                assert isinstance(sock, ssl_module.SSLSocket)
+                sock.do_handshake()
+                sock.settimeout(None)
+
+            # Create a closure to give select_subprotocol access to connection.
+            protocol_select_subprotocol: (
+                Callable[
+                    [ServerProtocol, Sequence[Subprotocol]],
+                    Subprotocol | None,
+                ]
+                | None
+            ) = None
+            if select_subprotocol is not None:
+
+                def protocol_select_subprotocol(
+                    protocol: ServerProtocol,
+                    subprotocols: Sequence[Subprotocol],
+                ) -> Subprotocol | None:
+                    # mypy doesn't know that select_subprotocol is immutable.
+                    assert select_subprotocol is not None
+                    # Ensure this function is only used in the intended context.
+                    assert protocol is connection.protocol
+                    return select_subprotocol(connection, subprotocols)
+
+            # Initialize WebSocket protocol
+
+            protocol = ServerProtocol(
+                origins=origins,
+                extensions=extensions,
+                subprotocols=subprotocols,
+                select_subprotocol=protocol_select_subprotocol,
+                max_size=max_size,
+                logger=logger,
+            )
+
+            # Initialize WebSocket connection
+
+            assert create_connection is not None  # help mypy
+            connection = create_connection(
+                sock,
+                protocol,
+                ping_interval=ping_interval,
+                ping_timeout=ping_timeout,
+                close_timeout=close_timeout,
+                max_queue=max_queue,
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            sock.close()
+            return
+
+        try:
+            try:
+                connection.handshake(
+                    process_request,
+                    process_response,
+                    server_header,
+                    deadline.timeout(),
+                )
+            except TimeoutError:
+                connection.close_socket()
+                connection.recv_events_thread.join()
+                return
+            except Exception:
+                connection.logger.error("opening handshake failed", exc_info=True)
+                connection.close_socket()
+                connection.recv_events_thread.join()
+                return
+
+            assert connection.protocol.state is OPEN
+            try:
+                connection.start_keepalive()
+                handler(connection)
+            except Exception:
+                connection.logger.error("connection handler failed", exc_info=True)
+                connection.close(CloseCode.INTERNAL_ERROR)
+            else:
+                connection.close()
+
+        except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+            # Don't leak sockets on unexpected errors.
+            sock.close()
+
+    # Initialize server
+
+    return Server(sock, conn_handler, logger)
+
+
+def unix_serve(
+    handler: Callable[[ServerConnection], None],
+    path: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> Server:
+    """
+    Create a WebSocket server listening on a Unix socket.
+
+    This function accepts the same keyword arguments as :func:`serve`.
+
+    It's only available on Unix.
+
+    It's useful for deploying a server behind a reverse proxy such as nginx.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: Connection handler. It receives the WebSocket connection,
+            which is a :class:`ServerConnection`, in argument.
+        path: File system path to the Unix socket.
+
+    """
+    return serve(handler, unix=True, path=path, **kwargs)
+
+
+def is_credentials(credentials: Any) -> bool:
+    try:
+        username, password = credentials
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+    else:
+        return isinstance(username, str) and isinstance(password, str)
+
+
+def basic_auth(
+    realm: str = "",
+    credentials: tuple[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+    check_credentials: Callable[[str, str], bool] | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[ServerConnection, Request], Response | None]:
+    """
+    Factory for ``process_request`` to enforce HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+    :func:`basic_auth` is designed to integrate with :func:`serve` as follows::
+
+        from websockets.sync.server import basic_auth, serve
+
+        with serve(
+            ...,
+            process_request=basic_auth(
+                realm="my dev server",
+                credentials=("hello", "iloveyou"),
+            ),
+        ):
+
+    If authentication succeeds, the connection's ``username`` attribute is set.
+    If it fails, the server responds with an HTTP 401 Unauthorized status.
+
+    One of ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` must be provided; not both.
+
+    Args:
+        realm: Scope of protection. It should contain only ASCII characters
+            because the encoding of non-ASCII characters is undefined. Refer to
+            section 2.2 of :rfc:`7235` for details.
+        credentials: Hard coded authorized credentials. It can be a
+            ``(username, password)`` pair or a list of such pairs.
+        check_credentials: Function that verifies credentials.
+            It receives ``username`` and ``password`` arguments and returns
+            whether they're valid.
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If ``credentials`` or ``check_credentials`` is wrong.
+        ValueError: If ``credentials`` and ``check_credentials`` are both
+            provided or both not provided.
+
+    """
+    if (credentials is None) == (check_credentials is None):
+        raise ValueError("provide either credentials or check_credentials")
+
+    if credentials is not None:
+        if is_credentials(credentials):
+            credentials_list = [cast(tuple[str, str], credentials)]
+        elif isinstance(credentials, Iterable):
+            credentials_list = list(cast(Iterable[tuple[str, str]], credentials))
+            if not all(is_credentials(item) for item in credentials_list):
+                raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"invalid credentials argument: {credentials}")
+
+        credentials_dict = dict(credentials_list)
+
+        def check_credentials(username: str, password: str) -> bool:
+            try:
+                expected_password = credentials_dict[username]
+            except KeyError:
+                return False
+            return hmac.compare_digest(expected_password, password)
+
+    assert check_credentials is not None  # help mypy
+
+    def process_request(
+        connection: ServerConnection,
+        request: Request,
+    ) -> Response | None:
+        """
+        Perform HTTP Basic Authentication.
+
+        If it succeeds, set the connection's ``username`` attribute and return
+        :obj:`None`. If it fails, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized responss.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            authorization = request.headers["Authorization"]
+        except KeyError:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Missing credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        try:
+            username, password = parse_authorization_basic(authorization)
+        except InvalidHeader:
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Unsupported credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        if not check_credentials(username, password):
+            response = connection.respond(
+                http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+                "Invalid credentials\n",
+            )
+            response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = build_www_authenticate_basic(realm)
+            return response
+
+        connection.username = username
+        return None
+
+    return process_request
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00bce2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/sync/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+
+
+__all__ = ["Deadline"]
+
+
+class Deadline:
+    """
+    Manage timeouts across multiple steps.
+
+    Args:
+        timeout: Time available in seconds or :obj:`None` if there is no limit.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, timeout: float | None) -> None:
+        self.deadline: float | None
+        if timeout is None:
+            self.deadline = None
+        else:
+            self.deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
+
+    def timeout(self, *, raise_if_elapsed: bool = True) -> float | None:
+        """
+        Calculate a timeout from a deadline.
+
+        Args:
+            raise_if_elapsed: Whether to raise :exc:`TimeoutError`
+                if the deadline lapsed.
+
+        Raises:
+            TimeoutError: If the deadline lapsed.
+
+        Returns:
+            Time left in seconds or :obj:`None` if there is no limit.
+
+        """
+        if self.deadline is None:
+            return None
+        timeout = self.deadline - time.monotonic()
+        if raise_if_elapsed and timeout <= 0:
+            raise TimeoutError("timed out")
+        return timeout
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/typing.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b1a8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NewType, Sequence
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Data",
+    "LoggerLike",
+    "StatusLike",
+    "Origin",
+    "Subprotocol",
+    "ExtensionName",
+    "ExtensionParameter",
+]
+
+
+# Public types used in the signature of public APIs
+
+Data = str | bytes
+"""Types supported in a WebSocket message:
+:class:`str` for a Text_ frame, :class:`bytes` for a Binary_ frame.
+
+.. _Text: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+.. _Binary : https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-5.6
+
+"""
+
+BytesLike = bytes | bytearray | memoryview
+"""Types accepted where :class:`bytes` is expected."""
+
+DataLike = str | bytes | bytearray | memoryview
+"""Types accepted where :class:`Data` is expected."""
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    LoggerLike = logging.Logger | logging.LoggerAdapter[Any]
+    """Types accepted where a :class:`~logging.Logger` is expected."""
+else:  # remove this branch when dropping support for Python < 3.11
+    LoggerLike = logging.Logger | logging.LoggerAdapter
+    """Types accepted where a :class:`~logging.Logger` is expected."""
+
+
+StatusLike = http.HTTPStatus | int
+"""
+Types accepted where an :class:`~http.HTTPStatus` is expected."""
+
+
+Origin = NewType("Origin", str)
+"""Value of a ``Origin`` header."""
+
+
+Subprotocol = NewType("Subprotocol", str)
+"""Subprotocol in a ``Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`` header."""
+
+
+ExtensionName = NewType("ExtensionName", str)
+"""Name of a WebSocket extension."""
+
+ExtensionParameter = tuple[str, str | None]
+"""Parameter of a WebSocket extension."""
+
+
+# Private types
+
+ExtensionHeader = tuple[ExtensionName, Sequence[ExtensionParameter]]
+"""Extension in a ``Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`` header."""
+
+
+ConnectionOption = NewType("ConnectionOption", str)
+"""Connection option in a ``Connection`` header."""
+
+
+UpgradeProtocol = NewType("UpgradeProtocol", str)
+"""Upgrade protocol in an ``Upgrade`` header."""
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/uri.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/uri.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f85e168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/uri.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .exceptions import InvalidURI
+
+
+__all__ = ["parse_uri", "WebSocketURI"]
+
+
+# All characters from the gen-delims and sub-delims sets in RFC 3987.
+DELIMS = ":/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;="
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class WebSocketURI:
+    """
+    WebSocket URI.
+
+    Attributes:
+        secure: :obj:`True` for a ``wss`` URI, :obj:`False` for a ``ws`` URI.
+        host: Normalized to lower case.
+        port: Always set even if it's the default.
+        path: May be empty.
+        query: May be empty if the URI doesn't include a query component.
+        username: Available when the URI contains `User Information`_.
+        password: Available when the URI contains `User Information`_.
+
+    .. _User Information: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.1
+
+    """
+
+    secure: bool
+    host: str
+    port: int
+    path: str
+    query: str
+    username: str | None = None
+    password: str | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def resource_name(self) -> str:
+        if self.path:
+            resource_name = self.path
+        else:
+            resource_name = "/"
+        if self.query:
+            resource_name += "?" + self.query
+        return resource_name
+
+    @property
+    def user_info(self) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.username is None:
+            return None
+        assert self.password is not None
+        return (self.username, self.password)
+
+
+def parse_uri(uri: str) -> WebSocketURI:
+    """
+    Parse and validate a WebSocket URI.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: WebSocket URI.
+
+    Returns:
+        Parsed WebSocket URI.
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidURI: If ``uri`` isn't a valid WebSocket URI.
+
+    """
+    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
+    if parsed.scheme not in ["ws", "wss"]:
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "scheme isn't ws or wss")
+    if parsed.hostname is None:
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "hostname isn't provided")
+    if parsed.fragment != "":
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "fragment identifier is meaningless")
+
+    secure = parsed.scheme == "wss"
+    host = parsed.hostname
+    port = parsed.port or (443 if secure else 80)
+    path = parsed.path
+    query = parsed.query
+    username = parsed.username
+    password = parsed.password
+    # urllib.parse.urlparse accepts URLs with a username but without a
+    # password. This doesn't make sense for HTTP Basic Auth credentials.
+    if username is not None and password is None:
+        raise InvalidURI(uri, "username provided without password")
+
+    try:
+        uri.encode("ascii")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        # Input contains non-ASCII characters.
+        # It must be an IRI. Convert it to a URI.
+        host = host.encode("idna").decode()
+        path = urllib.parse.quote(path, safe=DELIMS)
+        query = urllib.parse.quote(query, safe=DELIMS)
+        if username is not None:
+            assert password is not None
+            username = urllib.parse.quote(username, safe=DELIMS)
+            password = urllib.parse.quote(password, safe=DELIMS)
+
+    return WebSocketURI(secure, host, port, path, query, username, password)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/utils.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2a90e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import secrets
+import sys
+
+from .typing import BytesLike
+
+
+__all__ = ["accept_key", "apply_mask"]
+
+
+GUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
+
+
+def generate_key() -> str:
+    """
+    Generate a random key for the Sec-WebSocket-Key header.
+
+    """
+    key = secrets.token_bytes(16)
+    return base64.b64encode(key).decode()
+
+
+def accept_key(key: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Compute the value of the Sec-WebSocket-Accept header.
+
+    Args:
+        key: Value of the Sec-WebSocket-Key header.
+
+    """
+    sha1 = hashlib.sha1((key + GUID).encode()).digest()
+    return base64.b64encode(sha1).decode()
+
+
+def apply_mask(data: BytesLike, mask: bytes | bytearray) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Apply masking to the data of a WebSocket message.
+
+    Args:
+        data: Data to mask.
+        mask: 4-bytes mask.
+
+    """
+    if len(mask) != 4:
+        raise ValueError("mask must contain 4 bytes")
+
+    data_int = int.from_bytes(data, sys.byteorder)
+    mask_repeated = mask * (len(data) // 4) + mask[: len(data) % 4]
+    mask_int = int.from_bytes(mask_repeated, sys.byteorder)
+    return (data_int ^ mask_int).to_bytes(len(data), sys.byteorder)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/version.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde52b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/websockets/version.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib.metadata
+
+
+__all__ = ["tag", "version", "commit"]
+
+
+# ========= =========== ===================
+#           release     development
+# ========= =========== ===================
+# tag       X.Y         X.Y (upcoming)
+# version   X.Y         X.Y.dev1+g5678cde
+# commit    X.Y         5678cde
+# ========= =========== ===================
+
+
+# When tagging a release, set `released = True`.
+# After tagging a release, set `released = False` and increment `tag`.
+
+released = True
+
+tag = version = commit = "16.0"
+
+
+if not released:  # pragma: no cover
+    import pathlib
+    import re
+    import subprocess
+
+    def get_version(tag: str) -> str:
+        # Since setup.py executes the contents of src/websockets/version.py,
+        # __file__ can point to either of these two files.
+        file_path = pathlib.Path(__file__)
+        root_dir = file_path.parents[0 if file_path.name == "setup.py" else 2]
+
+        # Read version from package metadata if it is installed.
+        try:
+            version = importlib.metadata.version("websockets")
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # Check that this file belongs to the installed package.
+            files = importlib.metadata.files("websockets")
+            if files:
+                version_files = [f for f in files if f.name == file_path.name]
+                if version_files:
+                    version_file = version_files[0]
+                    if version_file.locate() == file_path:
+                        return version
+
+        # Read version from git if available.
+        try:
+            description = subprocess.run(
+                ["git", "describe", "--dirty", "--tags", "--long"],
+                capture_output=True,
+                cwd=root_dir,
+                timeout=1,
+                check=True,
+                text=True,
+            ).stdout.strip()
+        # subprocess.run raises FileNotFoundError if git isn't on $PATH.
+        except (
+            FileNotFoundError,
+            subprocess.CalledProcessError,
+            subprocess.TimeoutExpired,
+        ):
+            pass
+        else:
+            description_re = r"[0-9.]+-([0-9]+)-(g[0-9a-f]{7,}(?:-dirty)?)"
+            match = re.fullmatch(description_re, description)
+            if match is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unexpected git description: {description}")
+            distance, remainder = match.groups()
+            remainder = remainder.replace("-", ".")  # required by PEP 440
+            return f"{tag}.dev{distance}+{remainder}"
+
+        # Avoid crashing if the development version cannot be determined.
+        return f"{tag}.dev0+gunknown"
+
+    version = get_version(tag)
+
+    def get_commit(tag: str, version: str) -> str:
+        # Extract commit from version, falling back to tag if not available.
+        version_re = r"[0-9.]+\.dev[0-9]+\+g([0-9a-f]{7,}|unknown)(?:\.dirty)?"
+        match = re.fullmatch(version_re, version)
+        if match is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected version: {version}")
+        (commit,) = match.groups()
+        return tag if commit == "unknown" else commit
+
+    commit = get_commit(tag, version)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/__init__.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d58f089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+
+from .error import *
+
+from .tokens import *
+from .events import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+from .loader import *
+from .dumper import *
+
+__version__ = '6.0.3'
+try:
+    from .cyaml import *
+    __with_libyaml__ = True
+except ImportError:
+    __with_libyaml__ = False
+
+import io
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# XXX "Warnings control" is now deprecated. Leaving in the API function to not
+# break code that uses it.
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def warnings(settings=None):
+    if settings is None:
+        return {}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def scan(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Scan a YAML stream and produce scanning tokens.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_token():
+            yield loader.get_token()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def parse(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Parse a YAML stream and produce parsing events.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_event():
+            yield loader.get_event()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def compose(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding representation tree.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        return loader.get_single_node()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def compose_all(stream, Loader=Loader):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding representation trees.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_node():
+            yield loader.get_node()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def load(stream, Loader):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        return loader.get_single_data()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def load_all(stream, Loader):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+    """
+    loader = Loader(stream)
+    try:
+        while loader.check_data():
+            yield loader.get_data()
+    finally:
+        loader.dispose()
+
+def full_load(stream):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+
+    Resolve all tags except those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load(stream, FullLoader)
+
+def full_load_all(stream):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+
+    Resolve all tags except those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load_all(stream, FullLoader)
+
+def safe_load(stream):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+
+    Resolve only basic YAML tags. This is known
+    to be safe for untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load(stream, SafeLoader)
+
+def safe_load_all(stream):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+
+    Resolve only basic YAML tags. This is known
+    to be safe for untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load_all(stream, SafeLoader)
+
+def unsafe_load(stream):
+    """
+    Parse the first YAML document in a stream
+    and produce the corresponding Python object.
+
+    Resolve all tags, even those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load(stream, UnsafeLoader)
+
+def unsafe_load_all(stream):
+    """
+    Parse all YAML documents in a stream
+    and produce corresponding Python objects.
+
+    Resolve all tags, even those known to be
+    unsafe on untrusted input.
+    """
+    return load_all(stream, UnsafeLoader)
+
+def emit(events, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper,
+        canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+        allow_unicode=None, line_break=None):
+    """
+    Emit YAML parsing events into a stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    getvalue = None
+    if stream is None:
+        stream = io.StringIO()
+        getvalue = stream.getvalue
+    dumper = Dumper(stream, canonical=canonical, indent=indent, width=width,
+            allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+    try:
+        for event in events:
+            dumper.emit(event)
+    finally:
+        dumper.dispose()
+    if getvalue:
+        return getvalue()
+
+def serialize_all(nodes, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper,
+        canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+        allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+        encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+        version=None, tags=None):
+    """
+    Serialize a sequence of representation trees into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    getvalue = None
+    if stream is None:
+        if encoding is None:
+            stream = io.StringIO()
+        else:
+            stream = io.BytesIO()
+        getvalue = stream.getvalue
+    dumper = Dumper(stream, canonical=canonical, indent=indent, width=width,
+            allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+            encoding=encoding, version=version, tags=tags,
+            explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end)
+    try:
+        dumper.open()
+        for node in nodes:
+            dumper.serialize(node)
+        dumper.close()
+    finally:
+        dumper.dispose()
+    if getvalue:
+        return getvalue()
+
+def serialize(node, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a representation tree into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return serialize_all([node], stream, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds)
+
+def dump_all(documents, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper,
+        default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+        canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+        allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+        encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+        version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+    """
+    Serialize a sequence of Python objects into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    getvalue = None
+    if stream is None:
+        if encoding is None:
+            stream = io.StringIO()
+        else:
+            stream = io.BytesIO()
+        getvalue = stream.getvalue
+    dumper = Dumper(stream, default_style=default_style,
+            default_flow_style=default_flow_style,
+            canonical=canonical, indent=indent, width=width,
+            allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+            encoding=encoding, version=version, tags=tags,
+            explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+    try:
+        dumper.open()
+        for data in documents:
+            dumper.represent(data)
+        dumper.close()
+    finally:
+        dumper.dispose()
+    if getvalue:
+        return getvalue()
+
+def dump(data, stream=None, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a Python object into a YAML stream.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return dump_all([data], stream, Dumper=Dumper, **kwds)
+
+def safe_dump_all(documents, stream=None, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a sequence of Python objects into a YAML stream.
+    Produce only basic YAML tags.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return dump_all(documents, stream, Dumper=SafeDumper, **kwds)
+
+def safe_dump(data, stream=None, **kwds):
+    """
+    Serialize a Python object into a YAML stream.
+    Produce only basic YAML tags.
+    If stream is None, return the produced string instead.
+    """
+    return dump_all([data], stream, Dumper=SafeDumper, **kwds)
+
+def add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first=None,
+        Loader=None, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add an implicit scalar detector.
+    If an implicit scalar value matches the given regexp,
+    the corresponding tag is assigned to the scalar.
+    first is a sequence of possible initial characters or None.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+    Dumper.add_implicit_resolver(tag, regexp, first)
+
+def add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind=None, Loader=None, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add a path based resolver for the given tag.
+    A path is a list of keys that forms a path
+    to a node in the representation tree.
+    Keys can be string values, integers, or None.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+    Dumper.add_path_resolver(tag, path, kind)
+
+def add_constructor(tag, constructor, Loader=None):
+    """
+    Add a constructor for the given tag.
+    Constructor is a function that accepts a Loader instance
+    and a node object and produces the corresponding Python object.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_constructor(tag, constructor)
+
+def add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor, Loader=None):
+    """
+    Add a multi-constructor for the given tag prefix.
+    Multi-constructor is called for a node if its tag starts with tag_prefix.
+    Multi-constructor accepts a Loader instance, a tag suffix,
+    and a node object and produces the corresponding Python object.
+    """
+    if Loader is None:
+        loader.Loader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+        loader.FullLoader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+        loader.UnsafeLoader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+    else:
+        Loader.add_multi_constructor(tag_prefix, multi_constructor)
+
+def add_representer(data_type, representer, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add a representer for the given type.
+    Representer is a function accepting a Dumper instance
+    and an instance of the given data type
+    and producing the corresponding representation node.
+    """
+    Dumper.add_representer(data_type, representer)
+
+def add_multi_representer(data_type, multi_representer, Dumper=Dumper):
+    """
+    Add a representer for the given type.
+    Multi-representer is a function accepting a Dumper instance
+    and an instance of the given data type or subtype
+    and producing the corresponding representation node.
+    """
+    Dumper.add_multi_representer(data_type, multi_representer)
+
+class YAMLObjectMetaclass(type):
+    """
+    The metaclass for YAMLObject.
+    """
+    def __init__(cls, name, bases, kwds):
+        super(YAMLObjectMetaclass, cls).__init__(name, bases, kwds)
+        if 'yaml_tag' in kwds and kwds['yaml_tag'] is not None:
+            if isinstance(cls.yaml_loader, list):
+                for loader in cls.yaml_loader:
+                    loader.add_constructor(cls.yaml_tag, cls.from_yaml)
+            else:
+                cls.yaml_loader.add_constructor(cls.yaml_tag, cls.from_yaml)
+
+            cls.yaml_dumper.add_representer(cls, cls.to_yaml)
+
+class YAMLObject(metaclass=YAMLObjectMetaclass):
+    """
+    An object that can dump itself to a YAML stream
+    and load itself from a YAML stream.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()  # no direct instantiation, so allow immutable subclasses
+
+    yaml_loader = [Loader, FullLoader, UnsafeLoader]
+    yaml_dumper = Dumper
+
+    yaml_tag = None
+    yaml_flow_style = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_yaml(cls, loader, node):
+        """
+        Convert a representation node to a Python object.
+        """
+        return loader.construct_yaml_object(node, cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def to_yaml(cls, dumper, data):
+        """
+        Convert a Python object to a representation node.
+        """
+        return dumper.represent_yaml_object(cls.yaml_tag, data, cls,
+                flow_style=cls.yaml_flow_style)
+
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diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/composer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/composer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d15cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/composer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+__all__ = ['Composer', 'ComposerError']
+
+from .error import MarkedYAMLError
+from .events import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+class ComposerError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class Composer:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.anchors = {}
+
+    def check_node(self):
+        # Drop the STREAM-START event.
+        if self.check_event(StreamStartEvent):
+            self.get_event()
+
+        # If there are more documents available?
+        return not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent)
+
+    def get_node(self):
+        # Get the root node of the next document.
+        if not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent):
+            return self.compose_document()
+
+    def get_single_node(self):
+        # Drop the STREAM-START event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        # Compose a document if the stream is not empty.
+        document = None
+        if not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent):
+            document = self.compose_document()
+
+        # Ensure that the stream contains no more documents.
+        if not self.check_event(StreamEndEvent):
+            event = self.get_event()
+            raise ComposerError("expected a single document in the stream",
+                    document.start_mark, "but found another document",
+                    event.start_mark)
+
+        # Drop the STREAM-END event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        return document
+
+    def compose_document(self):
+        # Drop the DOCUMENT-START event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        # Compose the root node.
+        node = self.compose_node(None, None)
+
+        # Drop the DOCUMENT-END event.
+        self.get_event()
+
+        self.anchors = {}
+        return node
+
+    def compose_node(self, parent, index):
+        if self.check_event(AliasEvent):
+            event = self.get_event()
+            anchor = event.anchor
+            if anchor not in self.anchors:
+                raise ComposerError(None, None, "found undefined alias %r"
+                        % anchor, event.start_mark)
+            return self.anchors[anchor]
+        event = self.peek_event()
+        anchor = event.anchor
+        if anchor is not None:
+            if anchor in self.anchors:
+                raise ComposerError("found duplicate anchor %r; first occurrence"
+                        % anchor, self.anchors[anchor].start_mark,
+                        "second occurrence", event.start_mark)
+        self.descend_resolver(parent, index)
+        if self.check_event(ScalarEvent):
+            node = self.compose_scalar_node(anchor)
+        elif self.check_event(SequenceStartEvent):
+            node = self.compose_sequence_node(anchor)
+        elif self.check_event(MappingStartEvent):
+            node = self.compose_mapping_node(anchor)
+        self.ascend_resolver()
+        return node
+
+    def compose_scalar_node(self, anchor):
+        event = self.get_event()
+        tag = event.tag
+        if tag is None or tag == '!':
+            tag = self.resolve(ScalarNode, event.value, event.implicit)
+        node = ScalarNode(tag, event.value,
+                event.start_mark, event.end_mark, style=event.style)
+        if anchor is not None:
+            self.anchors[anchor] = node
+        return node
+
+    def compose_sequence_node(self, anchor):
+        start_event = self.get_event()
+        tag = start_event.tag
+        if tag is None or tag == '!':
+            tag = self.resolve(SequenceNode, None, start_event.implicit)
+        node = SequenceNode(tag, [],
+                start_event.start_mark, None,
+                flow_style=start_event.flow_style)
+        if anchor is not None:
+            self.anchors[anchor] = node
+        index = 0
+        while not self.check_event(SequenceEndEvent):
+            node.value.append(self.compose_node(node, index))
+            index += 1
+        end_event = self.get_event()
+        node.end_mark = end_event.end_mark
+        return node
+
+    def compose_mapping_node(self, anchor):
+        start_event = self.get_event()
+        tag = start_event.tag
+        if tag is None or tag == '!':
+            tag = self.resolve(MappingNode, None, start_event.implicit)
+        node = MappingNode(tag, [],
+                start_event.start_mark, None,
+                flow_style=start_event.flow_style)
+        if anchor is not None:
+            self.anchors[anchor] = node
+        while not self.check_event(MappingEndEvent):
+            #key_event = self.peek_event()
+            item_key = self.compose_node(node, None)
+            #if item_key in node.value:
+            #    raise ComposerError("while composing a mapping", start_event.start_mark,
+            #            "found duplicate key", key_event.start_mark)
+            item_value = self.compose_node(node, item_key)
+            #node.value[item_key] = item_value
+            node.value.append((item_key, item_value))
+        end_event = self.get_event()
+        node.end_mark = end_event.end_mark
+        return node
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/constructor.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/constructor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..619acd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/constructor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+
+__all__ = [
+    'BaseConstructor',
+    'SafeConstructor',
+    'FullConstructor',
+    'UnsafeConstructor',
+    'Constructor',
+    'ConstructorError'
+]
+
+from .error import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+import collections.abc, datetime, base64, binascii, re, sys, types
+
+class ConstructorError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class BaseConstructor:
+
+    yaml_constructors = {}
+    yaml_multi_constructors = {}
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.constructed_objects = {}
+        self.recursive_objects = {}
+        self.state_generators = []
+        self.deep_construct = False
+
+    def check_data(self):
+        # If there are more documents available?
+        return self.check_node()
+
+    def check_state_key(self, key):
+        """Block special attributes/methods from being set in a newly created
+        object, to prevent user-controlled methods from being called during
+        deserialization"""
+        if self.get_state_keys_blacklist_regexp().match(key):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                "blacklisted key '%s' in instance state found" % (key,), None)
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        # Construct and return the next document.
+        if self.check_node():
+            return self.construct_document(self.get_node())
+
+    def get_single_data(self):
+        # Ensure that the stream contains a single document and construct it.
+        node = self.get_single_node()
+        if node is not None:
+            return self.construct_document(node)
+        return None
+
+    def construct_document(self, node):
+        data = self.construct_object(node)
+        while self.state_generators:
+            state_generators = self.state_generators
+            self.state_generators = []
+            for generator in state_generators:
+                for dummy in generator:
+                    pass
+        self.constructed_objects = {}
+        self.recursive_objects = {}
+        self.deep_construct = False
+        return data
+
+    def construct_object(self, node, deep=False):
+        if node in self.constructed_objects:
+            return self.constructed_objects[node]
+        if deep:
+            old_deep = self.deep_construct
+            self.deep_construct = True
+        if node in self.recursive_objects:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "found unconstructable recursive node", node.start_mark)
+        self.recursive_objects[node] = None
+        constructor = None
+        tag_suffix = None
+        if node.tag in self.yaml_constructors:
+            constructor = self.yaml_constructors[node.tag]
+        else:
+            for tag_prefix in self.yaml_multi_constructors:
+                if tag_prefix is not None and node.tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+                    tag_suffix = node.tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+                    constructor = self.yaml_multi_constructors[tag_prefix]
+                    break
+            else:
+                if None in self.yaml_multi_constructors:
+                    tag_suffix = node.tag
+                    constructor = self.yaml_multi_constructors[None]
+                elif None in self.yaml_constructors:
+                    constructor = self.yaml_constructors[None]
+                elif isinstance(node, ScalarNode):
+                    constructor = self.__class__.construct_scalar
+                elif isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+                    constructor = self.__class__.construct_sequence
+                elif isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+                    constructor = self.__class__.construct_mapping
+        if tag_suffix is None:
+            data = constructor(self, node)
+        else:
+            data = constructor(self, tag_suffix, node)
+        if isinstance(data, types.GeneratorType):
+            generator = data
+            data = next(generator)
+            if self.deep_construct:
+                for dummy in generator:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                self.state_generators.append(generator)
+        self.constructed_objects[node] = data
+        del self.recursive_objects[node]
+        if deep:
+            self.deep_construct = old_deep
+        return data
+
+    def construct_scalar(self, node):
+        if not isinstance(node, ScalarNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a scalar node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        return node.value
+
+    def construct_sequence(self, node, deep=False):
+        if not isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a sequence node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        return [self.construct_object(child, deep=deep)
+                for child in node.value]
+
+    def construct_mapping(self, node, deep=False):
+        if not isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a mapping node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        mapping = {}
+        for key_node, value_node in node.value:
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node, deep=deep)
+            if not isinstance(key, collections.abc.Hashable):
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing a mapping", node.start_mark,
+                        "found unhashable key", key_node.start_mark)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node, deep=deep)
+            mapping[key] = value
+        return mapping
+
+    def construct_pairs(self, node, deep=False):
+        if not isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "expected a mapping node, but found %s" % node.id,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        pairs = []
+        for key_node, value_node in node.value:
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node, deep=deep)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node, deep=deep)
+            pairs.append((key, value))
+        return pairs
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_constructor(cls, tag, constructor):
+        if not 'yaml_constructors' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_constructors = cls.yaml_constructors.copy()
+        cls.yaml_constructors[tag] = constructor
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_multi_constructor(cls, tag_prefix, multi_constructor):
+        if not 'yaml_multi_constructors' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_multi_constructors = cls.yaml_multi_constructors.copy()
+        cls.yaml_multi_constructors[tag_prefix] = multi_constructor
+
+class SafeConstructor(BaseConstructor):
+
+    def construct_scalar(self, node):
+        if isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            for key_node, value_node in node.value:
+                if key_node.tag == 'tag:yaml.org,2002:value':
+                    return self.construct_scalar(value_node)
+        return super().construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def flatten_mapping(self, node):
+        merge = []
+        index = 0
+        while index < len(node.value):
+            key_node, value_node = node.value[index]
+            if key_node.tag == 'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge':
+                del node.value[index]
+                if isinstance(value_node, MappingNode):
+                    self.flatten_mapping(value_node)
+                    merge.extend(value_node.value)
+                elif isinstance(value_node, SequenceNode):
+                    submerge = []
+                    for subnode in value_node.value:
+                        if not isinstance(subnode, MappingNode):
+                            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a mapping",
+                                    node.start_mark,
+                                    "expected a mapping for merging, but found %s"
+                                    % subnode.id, subnode.start_mark)
+                        self.flatten_mapping(subnode)
+                        submerge.append(subnode.value)
+                    submerge.reverse()
+                    for value in submerge:
+                        merge.extend(value)
+                else:
+                    raise ConstructorError("while constructing a mapping", node.start_mark,
+                            "expected a mapping or list of mappings for merging, but found %s"
+                            % value_node.id, value_node.start_mark)
+            elif key_node.tag == 'tag:yaml.org,2002:value':
+                key_node.tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:str'
+                index += 1
+            else:
+                index += 1
+        if merge:
+            node.value = merge + node.value
+
+    def construct_mapping(self, node, deep=False):
+        if isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+            self.flatten_mapping(node)
+        return super().construct_mapping(node, deep=deep)
+
+    def construct_yaml_null(self, node):
+        self.construct_scalar(node)
+        return None
+
+    bool_values = {
+        'yes':      True,
+        'no':       False,
+        'true':     True,
+        'false':    False,
+        'on':       True,
+        'off':      False,
+    }
+
+    def construct_yaml_bool(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        return self.bool_values[value.lower()]
+
+    def construct_yaml_int(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        value = value.replace('_', '')
+        sign = +1
+        if value[0] == '-':
+            sign = -1
+        if value[0] in '+-':
+            value = value[1:]
+        if value == '0':
+            return 0
+        elif value.startswith('0b'):
+            return sign*int(value[2:], 2)
+        elif value.startswith('0x'):
+            return sign*int(value[2:], 16)
+        elif value[0] == '0':
+            return sign*int(value, 8)
+        elif ':' in value:
+            digits = [int(part) for part in value.split(':')]
+            digits.reverse()
+            base = 1
+            value = 0
+            for digit in digits:
+                value += digit*base
+                base *= 60
+            return sign*value
+        else:
+            return sign*int(value)
+
+    inf_value = 1e300
+    while inf_value != inf_value*inf_value:
+        inf_value *= inf_value
+    nan_value = -inf_value/inf_value   # Trying to make a quiet NaN (like C99).
+
+    def construct_yaml_float(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        value = value.replace('_', '').lower()
+        sign = +1
+        if value[0] == '-':
+            sign = -1
+        if value[0] in '+-':
+            value = value[1:]
+        if value == '.inf':
+            return sign*self.inf_value
+        elif value == '.nan':
+            return self.nan_value
+        elif ':' in value:
+            digits = [float(part) for part in value.split(':')]
+            digits.reverse()
+            base = 1
+            value = 0.0
+            for digit in digits:
+                value += digit*base
+                base *= 60
+            return sign*value
+        else:
+            return sign*float(value)
+
+    def construct_yaml_binary(self, node):
+        try:
+            value = self.construct_scalar(node).encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to convert base64 data into ascii: %s" % exc,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        try:
+            if hasattr(base64, 'decodebytes'):
+                return base64.decodebytes(value)
+            else:
+                return base64.decodestring(value)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to decode base64 data: %s" % exc, node.start_mark)
+
+    timestamp_regexp = re.compile(
+            r'''^(?P<year>[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])
+                -(?P<month>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                -(?P<day>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                (?:(?:[Tt]|[ \t]+)
+                (?P<hour>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                :(?P<minute>[0-9][0-9])
+                :(?P<second>[0-9][0-9])
+                (?:\.(?P<fraction>[0-9]*))?
+                (?:[ \t]*(?P<tz>Z|(?P<tz_sign>[-+])(?P<tz_hour>[0-9][0-9]?)
+                (?::(?P<tz_minute>[0-9][0-9]))?))?)?$''', re.X)
+
+    def construct_yaml_timestamp(self, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        match = self.timestamp_regexp.match(node.value)
+        values = match.groupdict()
+        year = int(values['year'])
+        month = int(values['month'])
+        day = int(values['day'])
+        if not values['hour']:
+            return datetime.date(year, month, day)
+        hour = int(values['hour'])
+        minute = int(values['minute'])
+        second = int(values['second'])
+        fraction = 0
+        tzinfo = None
+        if values['fraction']:
+            fraction = values['fraction'][:6]
+            while len(fraction) < 6:
+                fraction += '0'
+            fraction = int(fraction)
+        if values['tz_sign']:
+            tz_hour = int(values['tz_hour'])
+            tz_minute = int(values['tz_minute'] or 0)
+            delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=tz_hour, minutes=tz_minute)
+            if values['tz_sign'] == '-':
+                delta = -delta
+            tzinfo = datetime.timezone(delta)
+        elif values['tz']:
+            tzinfo = datetime.timezone.utc
+        return datetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fraction,
+                                 tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+    def construct_yaml_omap(self, node):
+        # Note: we do not check for duplicate keys, because it's too
+        # CPU-expensive.
+        omap = []
+        yield omap
+        if not isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing an ordered map", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected a sequence, but found %s" % node.id, node.start_mark)
+        for subnode in node.value:
+            if not isinstance(subnode, MappingNode):
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing an ordered map", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a mapping of length 1, but found %s" % subnode.id,
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            if len(subnode.value) != 1:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing an ordered map", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a single mapping item, but found %d items" % len(subnode.value),
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            key_node, value_node = subnode.value[0]
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node)
+            omap.append((key, value))
+
+    def construct_yaml_pairs(self, node):
+        # Note: the same code as `construct_yaml_omap`.
+        pairs = []
+        yield pairs
+        if not isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing pairs", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected a sequence, but found %s" % node.id, node.start_mark)
+        for subnode in node.value:
+            if not isinstance(subnode, MappingNode):
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing pairs", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a mapping of length 1, but found %s" % subnode.id,
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            if len(subnode.value) != 1:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing pairs", node.start_mark,
+                        "expected a single mapping item, but found %d items" % len(subnode.value),
+                        subnode.start_mark)
+            key_node, value_node = subnode.value[0]
+            key = self.construct_object(key_node)
+            value = self.construct_object(value_node)
+            pairs.append((key, value))
+
+    def construct_yaml_set(self, node):
+        data = set()
+        yield data
+        value = self.construct_mapping(node)
+        data.update(value)
+
+    def construct_yaml_str(self, node):
+        return self.construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def construct_yaml_seq(self, node):
+        data = []
+        yield data
+        data.extend(self.construct_sequence(node))
+
+    def construct_yaml_map(self, node):
+        data = {}
+        yield data
+        value = self.construct_mapping(node)
+        data.update(value)
+
+    def construct_yaml_object(self, node, cls):
+        data = cls.__new__(cls)
+        yield data
+        if hasattr(data, '__setstate__'):
+            state = self.construct_mapping(node, deep=True)
+            data.__setstate__(state)
+        else:
+            state = self.construct_mapping(node)
+            data.__dict__.update(state)
+
+    def construct_undefined(self, node):
+        raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                "could not determine a constructor for the tag %r" % node.tag,
+                node.start_mark)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:null',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_null)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:bool',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_bool)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:int',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_int)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:float',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_float)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:binary',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_binary)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_timestamp)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_omap)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:pairs',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_pairs)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:set',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_set)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:str',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_str)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_seq)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+        SafeConstructor.construct_yaml_map)
+
+SafeConstructor.add_constructor(None,
+        SafeConstructor.construct_undefined)
+
+class FullConstructor(SafeConstructor):
+    # 'extend' is blacklisted because it is used by
+    # construct_python_object_apply to add `listitems` to a newly generate
+    # python instance
+    def get_state_keys_blacklist(self):
+        return ['^extend$', '^__.*__$']
+
+    def get_state_keys_blacklist_regexp(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, 'state_keys_blacklist_regexp'):
+            self.state_keys_blacklist_regexp = re.compile('(' + '|'.join(self.get_state_keys_blacklist()) + ')')
+        return self.state_keys_blacklist_regexp
+
+    def construct_python_str(self, node):
+        return self.construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def construct_python_unicode(self, node):
+        return self.construct_scalar(node)
+
+    def construct_python_bytes(self, node):
+        try:
+            value = self.construct_scalar(node).encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to convert base64 data into ascii: %s" % exc,
+                    node.start_mark)
+        try:
+            if hasattr(base64, 'decodebytes'):
+                return base64.decodebytes(value)
+            else:
+                return base64.decodestring(value)
+        except binascii.Error as exc:
+            raise ConstructorError(None, None,
+                    "failed to decode base64 data: %s" % exc, node.start_mark)
+
+    def construct_python_long(self, node):
+        return self.construct_yaml_int(node)
+
+    def construct_python_complex(self, node):
+       return complex(self.construct_scalar(node))
+
+    def construct_python_tuple(self, node):
+        return tuple(self.construct_sequence(node))
+
+    def find_python_module(self, name, mark, unsafe=False):
+        if not name:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", mark,
+                    "expected non-empty name appended to the tag", mark)
+        if unsafe:
+            try:
+                __import__(name)
+            except ImportError as exc:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", mark,
+                        "cannot find module %r (%s)" % (name, exc), mark)
+        if name not in sys.modules:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", mark,
+                    "module %r is not imported" % name, mark)
+        return sys.modules[name]
+
+    def find_python_name(self, name, mark, unsafe=False):
+        if not name:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                    "expected non-empty name appended to the tag", mark)
+        if '.' in name:
+            module_name, object_name = name.rsplit('.', 1)
+        else:
+            module_name = 'builtins'
+            object_name = name
+        if unsafe:
+            try:
+                __import__(module_name)
+            except ImportError as exc:
+                raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                        "cannot find module %r (%s)" % (module_name, exc), mark)
+        if module_name not in sys.modules:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                    "module %r is not imported" % module_name, mark)
+        module = sys.modules[module_name]
+        if not hasattr(module, object_name):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python object", mark,
+                    "cannot find %r in the module %r"
+                    % (object_name, module.__name__), mark)
+        return getattr(module, object_name)
+
+    def construct_python_name(self, suffix, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        if value:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python name", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected the empty value, but found %r" % value, node.start_mark)
+        return self.find_python_name(suffix, node.start_mark)
+
+    def construct_python_module(self, suffix, node):
+        value = self.construct_scalar(node)
+        if value:
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python module", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected the empty value, but found %r" % value, node.start_mark)
+        return self.find_python_module(suffix, node.start_mark)
+
+    def make_python_instance(self, suffix, node,
+            args=None, kwds=None, newobj=False, unsafe=False):
+        if not args:
+            args = []
+        if not kwds:
+            kwds = {}
+        cls = self.find_python_name(suffix, node.start_mark)
+        if not (unsafe or isinstance(cls, type)):
+            raise ConstructorError("while constructing a Python instance", node.start_mark,
+                    "expected a class, but found %r" % type(cls),
+                    node.start_mark)
+        if newobj and isinstance(cls, type):
+            return cls.__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+        else:
+            return cls(*args, **kwds)
+
+    def set_python_instance_state(self, instance, state, unsafe=False):
+        if hasattr(instance, '__setstate__'):
+            instance.__setstate__(state)
+        else:
+            slotstate = {}
+            if isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2:
+                state, slotstate = state
+            if hasattr(instance, '__dict__'):
+                if not unsafe and state:
+                    for key in state.keys():
+                        self.check_state_key(key)
+                instance.__dict__.update(state)
+            elif state:
+                slotstate.update(state)
+            for key, value in slotstate.items():
+                if not unsafe:
+                    self.check_state_key(key)
+                setattr(instance, key, value)
+
+    def construct_python_object(self, suffix, node):
+        # Format:
+        #   !!python/object:module.name { ... state ... }
+        instance = self.make_python_instance(suffix, node, newobj=True)
+        yield instance
+        deep = hasattr(instance, '__setstate__')
+        state = self.construct_mapping(node, deep=deep)
+        self.set_python_instance_state(instance, state)
+
+    def construct_python_object_apply(self, suffix, node, newobj=False):
+        # Format:
+        #   !!python/object/apply       # (or !!python/object/new)
+        #   args: [ ... arguments ... ]
+        #   kwds: { ... keywords ... }
+        #   state: ... state ...
+        #   listitems: [ ... listitems ... ]
+        #   dictitems: { ... dictitems ... }
+        # or short format:
+        #   !!python/object/apply [ ... arguments ... ]
+        # The difference between !!python/object/apply and !!python/object/new
+        # is how an object is created, check make_python_instance for details.
+        if isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+            args = self.construct_sequence(node, deep=True)
+            kwds = {}
+            state = {}
+            listitems = []
+            dictitems = {}
+        else:
+            value = self.construct_mapping(node, deep=True)
+            args = value.get('args', [])
+            kwds = value.get('kwds', {})
+            state = value.get('state', {})
+            listitems = value.get('listitems', [])
+            dictitems = value.get('dictitems', {})
+        instance = self.make_python_instance(suffix, node, args, kwds, newobj)
+        if state:
+            self.set_python_instance_state(instance, state)
+        if listitems:
+            instance.extend(listitems)
+        if dictitems:
+            for key in dictitems:
+                instance[key] = dictitems[key]
+        return instance
+
+    def construct_python_object_new(self, suffix, node):
+        return self.construct_python_object_apply(suffix, node, newobj=True)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/none',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_null)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/bool',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_bool)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/str',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_str)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/unicode',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_unicode)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/bytes',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_bytes)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/int',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_int)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/long',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_long)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/float',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_float)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/complex',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_complex)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/list',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_seq)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_tuple)
+
+FullConstructor.add_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/dict',
+    FullConstructor.construct_yaml_map)
+
+FullConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:',
+    FullConstructor.construct_python_name)
+
+class UnsafeConstructor(FullConstructor):
+
+    def find_python_module(self, name, mark):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).find_python_module(name, mark, unsafe=True)
+
+    def find_python_name(self, name, mark):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).find_python_name(name, mark, unsafe=True)
+
+    def make_python_instance(self, suffix, node, args=None, kwds=None, newobj=False):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).make_python_instance(
+            suffix, node, args, kwds, newobj, unsafe=True)
+
+    def set_python_instance_state(self, instance, state):
+        return super(UnsafeConstructor, self).set_python_instance_state(
+            instance, state, unsafe=True)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/module:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_module)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_object)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/new:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_object_new)
+
+UnsafeConstructor.add_multi_constructor(
+    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/apply:',
+    UnsafeConstructor.construct_python_object_apply)
+
+# Constructor is same as UnsafeConstructor. Need to leave this in place in case
+# people have extended it directly.
+class Constructor(UnsafeConstructor):
+    pass
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/cyaml.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/cyaml.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c21345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/cyaml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+
+__all__ = [
+    'CBaseLoader', 'CSafeLoader', 'CFullLoader', 'CUnsafeLoader', 'CLoader',
+    'CBaseDumper', 'CSafeDumper', 'CDumper'
+]
+
+from yaml._yaml import CParser, CEmitter
+
+from .constructor import *
+
+from .serializer import *
+from .representer import *
+
+from .resolver import *
+
+class CBaseLoader(CParser, BaseConstructor, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        BaseConstructor.__init__(self)
+        BaseResolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CSafeLoader(CParser, SafeConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        SafeConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CFullLoader(CParser, FullConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        FullConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CUnsafeLoader(CParser, UnsafeConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        UnsafeConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CLoader(CParser, Constructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        CParser.__init__(self, stream)
+        Constructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CBaseDumper(CEmitter, BaseRepresenter, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        CEmitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width, encoding=encoding,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CSafeDumper(CEmitter, SafeRepresenter, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        CEmitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width, encoding=encoding,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        SafeRepresenter.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class CDumper(CEmitter, Serializer, Representer, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        CEmitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width, encoding=encoding,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/dumper.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/dumper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aadba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/dumper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseDumper', 'SafeDumper', 'Dumper']
+
+from .emitter import *
+from .serializer import *
+from .representer import *
+from .resolver import *
+
+class BaseDumper(Emitter, Serializer, BaseRepresenter, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        Emitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+        Serializer.__init__(self, encoding=encoding,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class SafeDumper(Emitter, Serializer, SafeRepresenter, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        Emitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+        Serializer.__init__(self, encoding=encoding,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        SafeRepresenter.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class Dumper(Emitter, Serializer, Representer, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream,
+            default_style=None, default_flow_style=False,
+            canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None,
+            encoding=None, explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None,
+            version=None, tags=None, sort_keys=True):
+        Emitter.__init__(self, stream, canonical=canonical,
+                indent=indent, width=width,
+                allow_unicode=allow_unicode, line_break=line_break)
+        Serializer.__init__(self, encoding=encoding,
+                explicit_start=explicit_start, explicit_end=explicit_end,
+                version=version, tags=tags)
+        Representer.__init__(self, default_style=default_style,
+                default_flow_style=default_flow_style, sort_keys=sort_keys)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/emitter.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/emitter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a664d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/emitter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1137 @@
+
+# Emitter expects events obeying the following grammar:
+# stream ::= STREAM-START document* STREAM-END
+# document ::= DOCUMENT-START node DOCUMENT-END
+# node ::= SCALAR | sequence | mapping
+# sequence ::= SEQUENCE-START node* SEQUENCE-END
+# mapping ::= MAPPING-START (node node)* MAPPING-END
+
+__all__ = ['Emitter', 'EmitterError']
+
+from .error import YAMLError
+from .events import *
+
+class EmitterError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class ScalarAnalysis:
+    def __init__(self, scalar, empty, multiline,
+            allow_flow_plain, allow_block_plain,
+            allow_single_quoted, allow_double_quoted,
+            allow_block):
+        self.scalar = scalar
+        self.empty = empty
+        self.multiline = multiline
+        self.allow_flow_plain = allow_flow_plain
+        self.allow_block_plain = allow_block_plain
+        self.allow_single_quoted = allow_single_quoted
+        self.allow_double_quoted = allow_double_quoted
+        self.allow_block = allow_block
+
+class Emitter:
+
+    DEFAULT_TAG_PREFIXES = {
+        '!' : '!',
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:' : '!!',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, stream, canonical=None, indent=None, width=None,
+            allow_unicode=None, line_break=None):
+
+        # The stream should have the methods `write` and possibly `flush`.
+        self.stream = stream
+
+        # Encoding can be overridden by STREAM-START.
+        self.encoding = None
+
+        # Emitter is a state machine with a stack of states to handle nested
+        # structures.
+        self.states = []
+        self.state = self.expect_stream_start
+
+        # Current event and the event queue.
+        self.events = []
+        self.event = None
+
+        # The current indentation level and the stack of previous indents.
+        self.indents = []
+        self.indent = None
+
+        # Flow level.
+        self.flow_level = 0
+
+        # Contexts.
+        self.root_context = False
+        self.sequence_context = False
+        self.mapping_context = False
+        self.simple_key_context = False
+
+        # Characteristics of the last emitted character:
+        #  - current position.
+        #  - is it a whitespace?
+        #  - is it an indention character
+        #    (indentation space, '-', '?', or ':')?
+        self.line = 0
+        self.column = 0
+        self.whitespace = True
+        self.indention = True
+
+        # Whether the document requires an explicit document indicator
+        self.open_ended = False
+
+        # Formatting details.
+        self.canonical = canonical
+        self.allow_unicode = allow_unicode
+        self.best_indent = 2
+        if indent and 1 < indent < 10:
+            self.best_indent = indent
+        self.best_width = 80
+        if width and width > self.best_indent*2:
+            self.best_width = width
+        self.best_line_break = '\n'
+        if line_break in ['\r', '\n', '\r\n']:
+            self.best_line_break = line_break
+
+        # Tag prefixes.
+        self.tag_prefixes = None
+
+        # Prepared anchor and tag.
+        self.prepared_anchor = None
+        self.prepared_tag = None
+
+        # Scalar analysis and style.
+        self.analysis = None
+        self.style = None
+
+    def dispose(self):
+        # Reset the state attributes (to clear self-references)
+        self.states = []
+        self.state = None
+
+    def emit(self, event):
+        self.events.append(event)
+        while not self.need_more_events():
+            self.event = self.events.pop(0)
+            self.state()
+            self.event = None
+
+    # In some cases, we wait for a few next events before emitting.
+
+    def need_more_events(self):
+        if not self.events:
+            return True
+        event = self.events[0]
+        if isinstance(event, DocumentStartEvent):
+            return self.need_events(1)
+        elif isinstance(event, SequenceStartEvent):
+            return self.need_events(2)
+        elif isinstance(event, MappingStartEvent):
+            return self.need_events(3)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def need_events(self, count):
+        level = 0
+        for event in self.events[1:]:
+            if isinstance(event, (DocumentStartEvent, CollectionStartEvent)):
+                level += 1
+            elif isinstance(event, (DocumentEndEvent, CollectionEndEvent)):
+                level -= 1
+            elif isinstance(event, StreamEndEvent):
+                level = -1
+            if level < 0:
+                return False
+        return (len(self.events) < count+1)
+
+    def increase_indent(self, flow=False, indentless=False):
+        self.indents.append(self.indent)
+        if self.indent is None:
+            if flow:
+                self.indent = self.best_indent
+            else:
+                self.indent = 0
+        elif not indentless:
+            self.indent += self.best_indent
+
+    # States.
+
+    # Stream handlers.
+
+    def expect_stream_start(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, StreamStartEvent):
+            if self.event.encoding and not hasattr(self.stream, 'encoding'):
+                self.encoding = self.event.encoding
+            self.write_stream_start()
+            self.state = self.expect_first_document_start
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected StreamStartEvent, but got %s"
+                    % self.event)
+
+    def expect_nothing(self):
+        raise EmitterError("expected nothing, but got %s" % self.event)
+
+    # Document handlers.
+
+    def expect_first_document_start(self):
+        return self.expect_document_start(first=True)
+
+    def expect_document_start(self, first=False):
+        if isinstance(self.event, DocumentStartEvent):
+            if (self.event.version or self.event.tags) and self.open_ended:
+                self.write_indicator('...', True)
+                self.write_indent()
+            if self.event.version:
+                version_text = self.prepare_version(self.event.version)
+                self.write_version_directive(version_text)
+            self.tag_prefixes = self.DEFAULT_TAG_PREFIXES.copy()
+            if self.event.tags:
+                handles = sorted(self.event.tags.keys())
+                for handle in handles:
+                    prefix = self.event.tags[handle]
+                    self.tag_prefixes[prefix] = handle
+                    handle_text = self.prepare_tag_handle(handle)
+                    prefix_text = self.prepare_tag_prefix(prefix)
+                    self.write_tag_directive(handle_text, prefix_text)
+            implicit = (first and not self.event.explicit and not self.canonical
+                    and not self.event.version and not self.event.tags
+                    and not self.check_empty_document())
+            if not implicit:
+                self.write_indent()
+                self.write_indicator('---', True)
+                if self.canonical:
+                    self.write_indent()
+            self.state = self.expect_document_root
+        elif isinstance(self.event, StreamEndEvent):
+            if self.open_ended:
+                self.write_indicator('...', True)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.write_stream_end()
+            self.state = self.expect_nothing
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected DocumentStartEvent, but got %s"
+                    % self.event)
+
+    def expect_document_end(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, DocumentEndEvent):
+            self.write_indent()
+            if self.event.explicit:
+                self.write_indicator('...', True)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.flush_stream()
+            self.state = self.expect_document_start
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected DocumentEndEvent, but got %s"
+                    % self.event)
+
+    def expect_document_root(self):
+        self.states.append(self.expect_document_end)
+        self.expect_node(root=True)
+
+    # Node handlers.
+
+    def expect_node(self, root=False, sequence=False, mapping=False,
+            simple_key=False):
+        self.root_context = root
+        self.sequence_context = sequence
+        self.mapping_context = mapping
+        self.simple_key_context = simple_key
+        if isinstance(self.event, AliasEvent):
+            self.expect_alias()
+        elif isinstance(self.event, (ScalarEvent, CollectionStartEvent)):
+            self.process_anchor('&')
+            self.process_tag()
+            if isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent):
+                self.expect_scalar()
+            elif isinstance(self.event, SequenceStartEvent):
+                if self.flow_level or self.canonical or self.event.flow_style   \
+                        or self.check_empty_sequence():
+                    self.expect_flow_sequence()
+                else:
+                    self.expect_block_sequence()
+            elif isinstance(self.event, MappingStartEvent):
+                if self.flow_level or self.canonical or self.event.flow_style   \
+                        or self.check_empty_mapping():
+                    self.expect_flow_mapping()
+                else:
+                    self.expect_block_mapping()
+        else:
+            raise EmitterError("expected NodeEvent, but got %s" % self.event)
+
+    def expect_alias(self):
+        if self.event.anchor is None:
+            raise EmitterError("anchor is not specified for alias")
+        self.process_anchor('*')
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+
+    def expect_scalar(self):
+        self.increase_indent(flow=True)
+        self.process_scalar()
+        self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+
+    # Flow sequence handlers.
+
+    def expect_flow_sequence(self):
+        self.write_indicator('[', True, whitespace=True)
+        self.flow_level += 1
+        self.increase_indent(flow=True)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_flow_sequence_item
+
+    def expect_first_flow_sequence_item(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, SequenceEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            self.write_indicator(']', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.states.append(self.expect_flow_sequence_item)
+            self.expect_node(sequence=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_sequence_item(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, SequenceEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            if self.canonical:
+                self.write_indicator(',', False)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.write_indicator(']', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indicator(',', False)
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.states.append(self.expect_flow_sequence_item)
+            self.expect_node(sequence=True)
+
+    # Flow mapping handlers.
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping(self):
+        self.write_indicator('{', True, whitespace=True)
+        self.flow_level += 1
+        self.increase_indent(flow=True)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_flow_mapping_key
+
+    def expect_first_flow_mapping_key(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, MappingEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            self.write_indicator('}', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            if not self.canonical and self.check_simple_key():
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_simple_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True, simple_key=True)
+            else:
+                self.write_indicator('?', True)
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping_key(self):
+        if isinstance(self.event, MappingEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.flow_level -= 1
+            if self.canonical:
+                self.write_indicator(',', False)
+                self.write_indent()
+            self.write_indicator('}', False)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indicator(',', False)
+            if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+                self.write_indent()
+            if not self.canonical and self.check_simple_key():
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_simple_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True, simple_key=True)
+            else:
+                self.write_indicator('?', True)
+                self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping_simple_value(self):
+        self.write_indicator(':', False)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_flow_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.canonical or self.column > self.best_width:
+            self.write_indent()
+        self.write_indicator(':', True)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_flow_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    # Block sequence handlers.
+
+    def expect_block_sequence(self):
+        indentless = (self.mapping_context and not self.indention)
+        self.increase_indent(flow=False, indentless=indentless)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_block_sequence_item
+
+    def expect_first_block_sequence_item(self):
+        return self.expect_block_sequence_item(first=True)
+
+    def expect_block_sequence_item(self, first=False):
+        if not first and isinstance(self.event, SequenceEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indent()
+            self.write_indicator('-', True, indention=True)
+            self.states.append(self.expect_block_sequence_item)
+            self.expect_node(sequence=True)
+
+    # Block mapping handlers.
+
+    def expect_block_mapping(self):
+        self.increase_indent(flow=False)
+        self.state = self.expect_first_block_mapping_key
+
+    def expect_first_block_mapping_key(self):
+        return self.expect_block_mapping_key(first=True)
+
+    def expect_block_mapping_key(self, first=False):
+        if not first and isinstance(self.event, MappingEndEvent):
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            self.write_indent()
+            if self.check_simple_key():
+                self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_simple_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True, simple_key=True)
+            else:
+                self.write_indicator('?', True, indention=True)
+                self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_value)
+                self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_block_mapping_simple_value(self):
+        self.write_indicator(':', False)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    def expect_block_mapping_value(self):
+        self.write_indent()
+        self.write_indicator(':', True, indention=True)
+        self.states.append(self.expect_block_mapping_key)
+        self.expect_node(mapping=True)
+
+    # Checkers.
+
+    def check_empty_sequence(self):
+        return (isinstance(self.event, SequenceStartEvent) and self.events
+                and isinstance(self.events[0], SequenceEndEvent))
+
+    def check_empty_mapping(self):
+        return (isinstance(self.event, MappingStartEvent) and self.events
+                and isinstance(self.events[0], MappingEndEvent))
+
+    def check_empty_document(self):
+        if not isinstance(self.event, DocumentStartEvent) or not self.events:
+            return False
+        event = self.events[0]
+        return (isinstance(event, ScalarEvent) and event.anchor is None
+                and event.tag is None and event.implicit and event.value == '')
+
+    def check_simple_key(self):
+        length = 0
+        if isinstance(self.event, NodeEvent) and self.event.anchor is not None:
+            if self.prepared_anchor is None:
+                self.prepared_anchor = self.prepare_anchor(self.event.anchor)
+            length += len(self.prepared_anchor)
+        if isinstance(self.event, (ScalarEvent, CollectionStartEvent))  \
+                and self.event.tag is not None:
+            if self.prepared_tag is None:
+                self.prepared_tag = self.prepare_tag(self.event.tag)
+            length += len(self.prepared_tag)
+        if isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent):
+            if self.analysis is None:
+                self.analysis = self.analyze_scalar(self.event.value)
+            length += len(self.analysis.scalar)
+        return (length < 128 and (isinstance(self.event, AliasEvent)
+            or (isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent)
+                    and not self.analysis.empty and not self.analysis.multiline)
+            or self.check_empty_sequence() or self.check_empty_mapping()))
+
+    # Anchor, Tag, and Scalar processors.
+
+    def process_anchor(self, indicator):
+        if self.event.anchor is None:
+            self.prepared_anchor = None
+            return
+        if self.prepared_anchor is None:
+            self.prepared_anchor = self.prepare_anchor(self.event.anchor)
+        if self.prepared_anchor:
+            self.write_indicator(indicator+self.prepared_anchor, True)
+        self.prepared_anchor = None
+
+    def process_tag(self):
+        tag = self.event.tag
+        if isinstance(self.event, ScalarEvent):
+            if self.style is None:
+                self.style = self.choose_scalar_style()
+            if ((not self.canonical or tag is None) and
+                ((self.style == '' and self.event.implicit[0])
+                        or (self.style != '' and self.event.implicit[1]))):
+                self.prepared_tag = None
+                return
+            if self.event.implicit[0] and tag is None:
+                tag = '!'
+                self.prepared_tag = None
+        else:
+            if (not self.canonical or tag is None) and self.event.implicit:
+                self.prepared_tag = None
+                return
+        if tag is None:
+            raise EmitterError("tag is not specified")
+        if self.prepared_tag is None:
+            self.prepared_tag = self.prepare_tag(tag)
+        if self.prepared_tag:
+            self.write_indicator(self.prepared_tag, True)
+        self.prepared_tag = None
+
+    def choose_scalar_style(self):
+        if self.analysis is None:
+            self.analysis = self.analyze_scalar(self.event.value)
+        if self.event.style == '"' or self.canonical:
+            return '"'
+        if not self.event.style and self.event.implicit[0]:
+            if (not (self.simple_key_context and
+                    (self.analysis.empty or self.analysis.multiline))
+                and (self.flow_level and self.analysis.allow_flow_plain
+                    or (not self.flow_level and self.analysis.allow_block_plain))):
+                return ''
+        if self.event.style and self.event.style in '|>':
+            if (not self.flow_level and not self.simple_key_context
+                    and self.analysis.allow_block):
+                return self.event.style
+        if not self.event.style or self.event.style == '\'':
+            if (self.analysis.allow_single_quoted and
+                    not (self.simple_key_context and self.analysis.multiline)):
+                return '\''
+        return '"'
+
+    def process_scalar(self):
+        if self.analysis is None:
+            self.analysis = self.analyze_scalar(self.event.value)
+        if self.style is None:
+            self.style = self.choose_scalar_style()
+        split = (not self.simple_key_context)
+        #if self.analysis.multiline and split    \
+        #        and (not self.style or self.style in '\'\"'):
+        #    self.write_indent()
+        if self.style == '"':
+            self.write_double_quoted(self.analysis.scalar, split)
+        elif self.style == '\'':
+            self.write_single_quoted(self.analysis.scalar, split)
+        elif self.style == '>':
+            self.write_folded(self.analysis.scalar)
+        elif self.style == '|':
+            self.write_literal(self.analysis.scalar)
+        else:
+            self.write_plain(self.analysis.scalar, split)
+        self.analysis = None
+        self.style = None
+
+    # Analyzers.
+
+    def prepare_version(self, version):
+        major, minor = version
+        if major != 1:
+            raise EmitterError("unsupported YAML version: %d.%d" % (major, minor))
+        return '%d.%d' % (major, minor)
+
+    def prepare_tag_handle(self, handle):
+        if not handle:
+            raise EmitterError("tag handle must not be empty")
+        if handle[0] != '!' or handle[-1] != '!':
+            raise EmitterError("tag handle must start and end with '!': %r" % handle)
+        for ch in handle[1:-1]:
+            if not ('0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'    \
+                    or ch in '-_'):
+                raise EmitterError("invalid character %r in the tag handle: %r"
+                        % (ch, handle))
+        return handle
+
+    def prepare_tag_prefix(self, prefix):
+        if not prefix:
+            raise EmitterError("tag prefix must not be empty")
+        chunks = []
+        start = end = 0
+        if prefix[0] == '!':
+            end = 1
+        while end < len(prefix):
+            ch = prefix[end]
+            if '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z' \
+                    or ch in '-;/?!:@&=+$,_.~*\'()[]':
+                end += 1
+            else:
+                if start < end:
+                    chunks.append(prefix[start:end])
+                start = end = end+1
+                data = ch.encode('utf-8')
+                for ch in data:
+                    chunks.append('%%%02X' % ord(ch))
+        if start < end:
+            chunks.append(prefix[start:end])
+        return ''.join(chunks)
+
+    def prepare_tag(self, tag):
+        if not tag:
+            raise EmitterError("tag must not be empty")
+        if tag == '!':
+            return tag
+        handle = None
+        suffix = tag
+        prefixes = sorted(self.tag_prefixes.keys())
+        for prefix in prefixes:
+            if tag.startswith(prefix)   \
+                    and (prefix == '!' or len(prefix) < len(tag)):
+                handle = self.tag_prefixes[prefix]
+                suffix = tag[len(prefix):]
+        chunks = []
+        start = end = 0
+        while end < len(suffix):
+            ch = suffix[end]
+            if '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z' \
+                    or ch in '-;/?:@&=+$,_.~*\'()[]'   \
+                    or (ch == '!' and handle != '!'):
+                end += 1
+            else:
+                if start < end:
+                    chunks.append(suffix[start:end])
+                start = end = end+1
+                data = ch.encode('utf-8')
+                for ch in data:
+                    chunks.append('%%%02X' % ch)
+        if start < end:
+            chunks.append(suffix[start:end])
+        suffix_text = ''.join(chunks)
+        if handle:
+            return '%s%s' % (handle, suffix_text)
+        else:
+            return '!<%s>' % suffix_text
+
+    def prepare_anchor(self, anchor):
+        if not anchor:
+            raise EmitterError("anchor must not be empty")
+        for ch in anchor:
+            if not ('0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'    \
+                    or ch in '-_'):
+                raise EmitterError("invalid character %r in the anchor: %r"
+                        % (ch, anchor))
+        return anchor
+
+    def analyze_scalar(self, scalar):
+
+        # Empty scalar is a special case.
+        if not scalar:
+            return ScalarAnalysis(scalar=scalar, empty=True, multiline=False,
+                    allow_flow_plain=False, allow_block_plain=True,
+                    allow_single_quoted=True, allow_double_quoted=True,
+                    allow_block=False)
+
+        # Indicators and special characters.
+        block_indicators = False
+        flow_indicators = False
+        line_breaks = False
+        special_characters = False
+
+        # Important whitespace combinations.
+        leading_space = False
+        leading_break = False
+        trailing_space = False
+        trailing_break = False
+        break_space = False
+        space_break = False
+
+        # Check document indicators.
+        if scalar.startswith('---') or scalar.startswith('...'):
+            block_indicators = True
+            flow_indicators = True
+
+        # First character or preceded by a whitespace.
+        preceded_by_whitespace = True
+
+        # Last character or followed by a whitespace.
+        followed_by_whitespace = (len(scalar) == 1 or
+                scalar[1] in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+
+        # The previous character is a space.
+        previous_space = False
+
+        # The previous character is a break.
+        previous_break = False
+
+        index = 0
+        while index < len(scalar):
+            ch = scalar[index]
+
+            # Check for indicators.
+            if index == 0:
+                # Leading indicators are special characters.
+                if ch in '#,[]{}&*!|>\'\"%@`':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    block_indicators = True
+                if ch in '?:':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    if followed_by_whitespace:
+                        block_indicators = True
+                if ch == '-' and followed_by_whitespace:
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    block_indicators = True
+            else:
+                # Some indicators cannot appear within a scalar as well.
+                if ch in ',?[]{}':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                if ch == ':':
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    if followed_by_whitespace:
+                        block_indicators = True
+                if ch == '#' and preceded_by_whitespace:
+                    flow_indicators = True
+                    block_indicators = True
+
+            # Check for line breaks, special, and unicode characters.
+            if ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                line_breaks = True
+            if not (ch == '\n' or '\x20' <= ch <= '\x7E'):
+                if (ch == '\x85' or '\xA0' <= ch <= '\uD7FF'
+                        or '\uE000' <= ch <= '\uFFFD'
+                        or '\U00010000' <= ch < '\U0010ffff') and ch != '\uFEFF':
+                    unicode_characters = True
+                    if not self.allow_unicode:
+                        special_characters = True
+                else:
+                    special_characters = True
+
+            # Detect important whitespace combinations.
+            if ch == ' ':
+                if index == 0:
+                    leading_space = True
+                if index == len(scalar)-1:
+                    trailing_space = True
+                if previous_break:
+                    break_space = True
+                previous_space = True
+                previous_break = False
+            elif ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                if index == 0:
+                    leading_break = True
+                if index == len(scalar)-1:
+                    trailing_break = True
+                if previous_space:
+                    space_break = True
+                previous_space = False
+                previous_break = True
+            else:
+                previous_space = False
+                previous_break = False
+
+            # Prepare for the next character.
+            index += 1
+            preceded_by_whitespace = (ch in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            followed_by_whitespace = (index+1 >= len(scalar) or
+                    scalar[index+1] in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+
+        # Let's decide what styles are allowed.
+        allow_flow_plain = True
+        allow_block_plain = True
+        allow_single_quoted = True
+        allow_double_quoted = True
+        allow_block = True
+
+        # Leading and trailing whitespaces are bad for plain scalars.
+        if (leading_space or leading_break
+                or trailing_space or trailing_break):
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain = False
+
+        # We do not permit trailing spaces for block scalars.
+        if trailing_space:
+            allow_block = False
+
+        # Spaces at the beginning of a new line are only acceptable for block
+        # scalars.
+        if break_space:
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain = allow_single_quoted = False
+
+        # Spaces followed by breaks, as well as special character are only
+        # allowed for double quoted scalars.
+        if space_break or special_characters:
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain =  \
+            allow_single_quoted = allow_block = False
+
+        # Although the plain scalar writer supports breaks, we never emit
+        # multiline plain scalars.
+        if line_breaks:
+            allow_flow_plain = allow_block_plain = False
+
+        # Flow indicators are forbidden for flow plain scalars.
+        if flow_indicators:
+            allow_flow_plain = False
+
+        # Block indicators are forbidden for block plain scalars.
+        if block_indicators:
+            allow_block_plain = False
+
+        return ScalarAnalysis(scalar=scalar,
+                empty=False, multiline=line_breaks,
+                allow_flow_plain=allow_flow_plain,
+                allow_block_plain=allow_block_plain,
+                allow_single_quoted=allow_single_quoted,
+                allow_double_quoted=allow_double_quoted,
+                allow_block=allow_block)
+
+    # Writers.
+
+    def flush_stream(self):
+        if hasattr(self.stream, 'flush'):
+            self.stream.flush()
+
+    def write_stream_start(self):
+        # Write BOM if needed.
+        if self.encoding and self.encoding.startswith('utf-16'):
+            self.stream.write('\uFEFF'.encode(self.encoding))
+
+    def write_stream_end(self):
+        self.flush_stream()
+
+    def write_indicator(self, indicator, need_whitespace,
+            whitespace=False, indention=False):
+        if self.whitespace or not need_whitespace:
+            data = indicator
+        else:
+            data = ' '+indicator
+        self.whitespace = whitespace
+        self.indention = self.indention and indention
+        self.column += len(data)
+        self.open_ended = False
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+
+    def write_indent(self):
+        indent = self.indent or 0
+        if not self.indention or self.column > indent   \
+                or (self.column == indent and not self.whitespace):
+            self.write_line_break()
+        if self.column < indent:
+            self.whitespace = True
+            data = ' '*(indent-self.column)
+            self.column = indent
+            if self.encoding:
+                data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+            self.stream.write(data)
+
+    def write_line_break(self, data=None):
+        if data is None:
+            data = self.best_line_break
+        self.whitespace = True
+        self.indention = True
+        self.line += 1
+        self.column = 0
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+
+    def write_version_directive(self, version_text):
+        data = '%%YAML %s' % version_text
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+        self.write_line_break()
+
+    def write_tag_directive(self, handle_text, prefix_text):
+        data = '%%TAG %s %s' % (handle_text, prefix_text)
+        if self.encoding:
+            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.stream.write(data)
+        self.write_line_break()
+
+    # Scalar streams.
+
+    def write_single_quoted(self, text, split=True):
+        self.write_indicator('\'', True)
+        spaces = False
+        breaks = False
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if spaces:
+                if ch is None or ch != ' ':
+                    if start+1 == end and self.column > self.best_width and split   \
+                            and start != 0 and end != len(text):
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    else:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            elif breaks:
+                if ch is None or ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    if text[start] == '\n':
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    self.write_indent()
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029' or ch == '\'':
+                    if start < end:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                        start = end
+            if ch == '\'':
+                data = '\'\''
+                self.column += 2
+                if self.encoding:
+                    data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                self.stream.write(data)
+                start = end + 1
+            if ch is not None:
+                spaces = (ch == ' ')
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            end += 1
+        self.write_indicator('\'', False)
+
+    ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = {
+        '\0':       '0',
+        '\x07':     'a',
+        '\x08':     'b',
+        '\x09':     't',
+        '\x0A':     'n',
+        '\x0B':     'v',
+        '\x0C':     'f',
+        '\x0D':     'r',
+        '\x1B':     'e',
+        '\"':       '\"',
+        '\\':       '\\',
+        '\x85':     'N',
+        '\xA0':     '_',
+        '\u2028':   'L',
+        '\u2029':   'P',
+    }
+
+    def write_double_quoted(self, text, split=True):
+        self.write_indicator('"', True)
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if ch is None or ch in '"\\\x85\u2028\u2029\uFEFF' \
+                    or not ('\x20' <= ch <= '\x7E'
+                        or (self.allow_unicode
+                            and ('\xA0' <= ch <= '\uD7FF'
+                                or '\uE000' <= ch <= '\uFFFD'))):
+                if start < end:
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+                if ch is not None:
+                    if ch in self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS:
+                        data = '\\'+self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[ch]
+                    elif ch <= '\xFF':
+                        data = '\\x%02X' % ord(ch)
+                    elif ch <= '\uFFFF':
+                        data = '\\u%04X' % ord(ch)
+                    else:
+                        data = '\\U%08X' % ord(ch)
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end+1
+            if 0 < end < len(text)-1 and (ch == ' ' or start >= end)    \
+                    and self.column+(end-start) > self.best_width and split:
+                data = text[start:end]+'\\'
+                if start < end:
+                    start = end
+                self.column += len(data)
+                if self.encoding:
+                    data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                self.stream.write(data)
+                self.write_indent()
+                self.whitespace = False
+                self.indention = False
+                if text[start] == ' ':
+                    data = '\\'
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+            end += 1
+        self.write_indicator('"', False)
+
+    def determine_block_hints(self, text):
+        hints = ''
+        if text:
+            if text[0] in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                hints += str(self.best_indent)
+            if text[-1] not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                hints += '-'
+            elif len(text) == 1 or text[-2] in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                hints += '+'
+        return hints
+
+    def write_folded(self, text):
+        hints = self.determine_block_hints(text)
+        self.write_indicator('>'+hints, True)
+        if hints[-1:] == '+':
+            self.open_ended = True
+        self.write_line_break()
+        leading_space = True
+        spaces = False
+        breaks = True
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if breaks:
+                if ch is None or ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    if not leading_space and ch is not None and ch != ' '   \
+                            and text[start] == '\n':
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    leading_space = (ch == ' ')
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    if ch is not None:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    start = end
+            elif spaces:
+                if ch != ' ':
+                    if start+1 == end and self.column > self.best_width:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    else:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    if ch is None:
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    start = end
+            if ch is not None:
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+                spaces = (ch == ' ')
+            end += 1
+
+    def write_literal(self, text):
+        hints = self.determine_block_hints(text)
+        self.write_indicator('|'+hints, True)
+        if hints[-1:] == '+':
+            self.open_ended = True
+        self.write_line_break()
+        breaks = True
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if breaks:
+                if ch is None or ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    if ch is not None:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    if ch is None:
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    start = end
+            if ch is not None:
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            end += 1
+
+    def write_plain(self, text, split=True):
+        if self.root_context:
+            self.open_ended = True
+        if not text:
+            return
+        if not self.whitespace:
+            data = ' '
+            self.column += len(data)
+            if self.encoding:
+                data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+            self.stream.write(data)
+        self.whitespace = False
+        self.indention = False
+        spaces = False
+        breaks = False
+        start = end = 0
+        while end <= len(text):
+            ch = None
+            if end < len(text):
+                ch = text[end]
+            if spaces:
+                if ch != ' ':
+                    if start+1 == end and self.column > self.best_width and split:
+                        self.write_indent()
+                        self.whitespace = False
+                        self.indention = False
+                    else:
+                        data = text[start:end]
+                        self.column += len(data)
+                        if self.encoding:
+                            data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                        self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            elif breaks:
+                if ch not in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    if text[start] == '\n':
+                        self.write_line_break()
+                    for br in text[start:end]:
+                        if br == '\n':
+                            self.write_line_break()
+                        else:
+                            self.write_line_break(br)
+                    self.write_indent()
+                    self.whitespace = False
+                    self.indention = False
+                    start = end
+            else:
+                if ch is None or ch in ' \n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    data = text[start:end]
+                    self.column += len(data)
+                    if self.encoding:
+                        data = data.encode(self.encoding)
+                    self.stream.write(data)
+                    start = end
+            if ch is not None:
+                spaces = (ch == ' ')
+                breaks = (ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029')
+            end += 1
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/error.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/error.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b796b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+__all__ = ['Mark', 'YAMLError', 'MarkedYAMLError']
+
+class Mark:
+
+    def __init__(self, name, index, line, column, buffer, pointer):
+        self.name = name
+        self.index = index
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+        self.buffer = buffer
+        self.pointer = pointer
+
+    def get_snippet(self, indent=4, max_length=75):
+        if self.buffer is None:
+            return None
+        head = ''
+        start = self.pointer
+        while start > 0 and self.buffer[start-1] not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            start -= 1
+            if self.pointer-start > max_length/2-1:
+                head = ' ... '
+                start += 5
+                break
+        tail = ''
+        end = self.pointer
+        while end < len(self.buffer) and self.buffer[end] not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            end += 1
+            if end-self.pointer > max_length/2-1:
+                tail = ' ... '
+                end -= 5
+                break
+        snippet = self.buffer[start:end]
+        return ' '*indent + head + snippet + tail + '\n'  \
+                + ' '*(indent+self.pointer-start+len(head)) + '^'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        snippet = self.get_snippet()
+        where = "  in \"%s\", line %d, column %d"   \
+                % (self.name, self.line+1, self.column+1)
+        if snippet is not None:
+            where += ":\n"+snippet
+        return where
+
+class YAMLError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+class MarkedYAMLError(YAMLError):
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, context_mark=None,
+            problem=None, problem_mark=None, note=None):
+        self.context = context
+        self.context_mark = context_mark
+        self.problem = problem
+        self.problem_mark = problem_mark
+        self.note = note
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        lines = []
+        if self.context is not None:
+            lines.append(self.context)
+        if self.context_mark is not None  \
+            and (self.problem is None or self.problem_mark is None
+                    or self.context_mark.name != self.problem_mark.name
+                    or self.context_mark.line != self.problem_mark.line
+                    or self.context_mark.column != self.problem_mark.column):
+            lines.append(str(self.context_mark))
+        if self.problem is not None:
+            lines.append(self.problem)
+        if self.problem_mark is not None:
+            lines.append(str(self.problem_mark))
+        if self.note is not None:
+            lines.append(self.note)
+        return '\n'.join(lines)
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/events.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f79ad38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+
+# Abstract classes.
+
+class Event(object):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+    def __repr__(self):
+        attributes = [key for key in ['anchor', 'tag', 'implicit', 'value']
+                if hasattr(self, key)]
+        arguments = ', '.join(['%s=%r' % (key, getattr(self, key))
+                for key in attributes])
+        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, arguments)
+
+class NodeEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, anchor, start_mark=None, end_mark=None):
+        self.anchor = anchor
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class CollectionStartEvent(NodeEvent):
+    def __init__(self, anchor, tag, implicit, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            flow_style=None):
+        self.anchor = anchor
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.implicit = implicit
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.flow_style = flow_style
+
+class CollectionEndEvent(Event):
+    pass
+
+# Implementations.
+
+class StreamStartEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None, encoding=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+class StreamEndEvent(Event):
+    pass
+
+class DocumentStartEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            explicit=None, version=None, tags=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.explicit = explicit
+        self.version = version
+        self.tags = tags
+
+class DocumentEndEvent(Event):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            explicit=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.explicit = explicit
+
+class AliasEvent(NodeEvent):
+    pass
+
+class ScalarEvent(NodeEvent):
+    def __init__(self, anchor, tag, implicit, value,
+            start_mark=None, end_mark=None, style=None):
+        self.anchor = anchor
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.implicit = implicit
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.style = style
+
+class SequenceStartEvent(CollectionStartEvent):
+    pass
+
+class SequenceEndEvent(CollectionEndEvent):
+    pass
+
+class MappingStartEvent(CollectionStartEvent):
+    pass
+
+class MappingEndEvent(CollectionEndEvent):
+    pass
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/loader.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/loader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e90c112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/loader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseLoader', 'FullLoader', 'SafeLoader', 'Loader', 'UnsafeLoader']
+
+from .reader import *
+from .scanner import *
+from .parser import *
+from .composer import *
+from .constructor import *
+from .resolver import *
+
+class BaseLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, BaseConstructor, BaseResolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        BaseConstructor.__init__(self)
+        BaseResolver.__init__(self)
+
+class FullLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, FullConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        FullConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class SafeLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, SafeConstructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        SafeConstructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+class Loader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, Constructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        Constructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
+
+# UnsafeLoader is the same as Loader (which is and was always unsafe on
+# untrusted input). Use of either Loader or UnsafeLoader should be rare, since
+# FullLoad should be able to load almost all YAML safely. Loader is left intact
+# to ensure backwards compatibility.
+class UnsafeLoader(Reader, Scanner, Parser, Composer, Constructor, Resolver):
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        Reader.__init__(self, stream)
+        Scanner.__init__(self)
+        Parser.__init__(self)
+        Composer.__init__(self)
+        Constructor.__init__(self)
+        Resolver.__init__(self)
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/nodes.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4f070c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+class Node(object):
+    def __init__(self, tag, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+    def __repr__(self):
+        value = self.value
+        #if isinstance(value, list):
+        #    if len(value) == 0:
+        #        value = '<empty>'
+        #    elif len(value) == 1:
+        #        value = '<1 item>'
+        #    else:
+        #        value = '<%d items>' % len(value)
+        #else:
+        #    if len(value) > 75:
+        #        value = repr(value[:70]+u' ... ')
+        #    else:
+        #        value = repr(value)
+        value = repr(value)
+        return '%s(tag=%r, value=%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.tag, value)
+
+class ScalarNode(Node):
+    id = 'scalar'
+    def __init__(self, tag, value,
+            start_mark=None, end_mark=None, style=None):
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.style = style
+
+class CollectionNode(Node):
+    def __init__(self, tag, value,
+            start_mark=None, end_mark=None, flow_style=None):
+        self.tag = tag
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.flow_style = flow_style
+
+class SequenceNode(CollectionNode):
+    id = 'sequence'
+
+class MappingNode(CollectionNode):
+    id = 'mapping'
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/parser.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13a5995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+
+# The following YAML grammar is LL(1) and is parsed by a recursive descent
+# parser.
+#
+# stream            ::= STREAM-START implicit_document? explicit_document* STREAM-END
+# implicit_document ::= block_node DOCUMENT-END*
+# explicit_document ::= DIRECTIVE* DOCUMENT-START block_node? DOCUMENT-END*
+# block_node_or_indentless_sequence ::=
+#                       ALIAS
+#                       | properties (block_content | indentless_block_sequence)?
+#                       | block_content
+#                       | indentless_block_sequence
+# block_node        ::= ALIAS
+#                       | properties block_content?
+#                       | block_content
+# flow_node         ::= ALIAS
+#                       | properties flow_content?
+#                       | flow_content
+# properties        ::= TAG ANCHOR? | ANCHOR TAG?
+# block_content     ::= block_collection | flow_collection | SCALAR
+# flow_content      ::= flow_collection | SCALAR
+# block_collection  ::= block_sequence | block_mapping
+# flow_collection   ::= flow_sequence | flow_mapping
+# block_sequence    ::= BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)* BLOCK-END
+# indentless_sequence   ::= (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)+
+# block_mapping     ::= BLOCK-MAPPING_START
+#                       ((KEY block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?
+#                       (VALUE block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?)*
+#                       BLOCK-END
+# flow_sequence     ::= FLOW-SEQUENCE-START
+#                       (flow_sequence_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+#                       flow_sequence_entry?
+#                       FLOW-SEQUENCE-END
+# flow_sequence_entry   ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+# flow_mapping      ::= FLOW-MAPPING-START
+#                       (flow_mapping_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+#                       flow_mapping_entry?
+#                       FLOW-MAPPING-END
+# flow_mapping_entry    ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+#
+# FIRST sets:
+#
+# stream: { STREAM-START }
+# explicit_document: { DIRECTIVE DOCUMENT-START }
+# implicit_document: FIRST(block_node)
+# block_node: { ALIAS TAG ANCHOR SCALAR BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_node: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# block_content: { BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START SCALAR }
+# flow_content: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START SCALAR }
+# block_collection: { BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_collection: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# block_sequence: { BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START }
+# block_mapping: { BLOCK-MAPPING-START }
+# block_node_or_indentless_sequence: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START BLOCK-MAPPING-START FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START BLOCK-ENTRY }
+# indentless_sequence: { ENTRY }
+# flow_collection: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_sequence: { FLOW-SEQUENCE-START }
+# flow_mapping: { FLOW-MAPPING-START }
+# flow_sequence_entry: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START KEY }
+# flow_mapping_entry: { ALIAS ANCHOR TAG SCALAR FLOW-SEQUENCE-START FLOW-MAPPING-START KEY }
+
+__all__ = ['Parser', 'ParserError']
+
+from .error import MarkedYAMLError
+from .tokens import *
+from .events import *
+from .scanner import *
+
+class ParserError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class Parser:
+    # Since writing a recursive-descendant parser is a straightforward task, we
+    # do not give many comments here.
+
+    DEFAULT_TAGS = {
+        '!':   '!',
+        '!!':  'tag:yaml.org,2002:',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.current_event = None
+        self.yaml_version = None
+        self.tag_handles = {}
+        self.states = []
+        self.marks = []
+        self.state = self.parse_stream_start
+
+    def dispose(self):
+        # Reset the state attributes (to clear self-references)
+        self.states = []
+        self.state = None
+
+    def check_event(self, *choices):
+        # Check the type of the next event.
+        if self.current_event is None:
+            if self.state:
+                self.current_event = self.state()
+        if self.current_event is not None:
+            if not choices:
+                return True
+            for choice in choices:
+                if isinstance(self.current_event, choice):
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+    def peek_event(self):
+        # Get the next event.
+        if self.current_event is None:
+            if self.state:
+                self.current_event = self.state()
+        return self.current_event
+
+    def get_event(self):
+        # Get the next event and proceed further.
+        if self.current_event is None:
+            if self.state:
+                self.current_event = self.state()
+        value = self.current_event
+        self.current_event = None
+        return value
+
+    # stream    ::= STREAM-START implicit_document? explicit_document* STREAM-END
+    # implicit_document ::= block_node DOCUMENT-END*
+    # explicit_document ::= DIRECTIVE* DOCUMENT-START block_node? DOCUMENT-END*
+
+    def parse_stream_start(self):
+
+        # Parse the stream start.
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = StreamStartEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark,
+                encoding=token.encoding)
+
+        # Prepare the next state.
+        self.state = self.parse_implicit_document_start
+
+        return event
+
+    def parse_implicit_document_start(self):
+
+        # Parse an implicit document.
+        if not self.check_token(DirectiveToken, DocumentStartToken,
+                StreamEndToken):
+            self.tag_handles = self.DEFAULT_TAGS
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            start_mark = end_mark = token.start_mark
+            event = DocumentStartEvent(start_mark, end_mark,
+                    explicit=False)
+
+            # Prepare the next state.
+            self.states.append(self.parse_document_end)
+            self.state = self.parse_block_node
+
+            return event
+
+        else:
+            return self.parse_document_start()
+
+    def parse_document_start(self):
+
+        # Parse any extra document end indicators.
+        while self.check_token(DocumentEndToken):
+            self.get_token()
+
+        # Parse an explicit document.
+        if not self.check_token(StreamEndToken):
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            start_mark = token.start_mark
+            version, tags = self.process_directives()
+            if not self.check_token(DocumentStartToken):
+                raise ParserError(None, None,
+                        "expected '<document start>', but found %r"
+                        % self.peek_token().id,
+                        self.peek_token().start_mark)
+            token = self.get_token()
+            end_mark = token.end_mark
+            event = DocumentStartEvent(start_mark, end_mark,
+                    explicit=True, version=version, tags=tags)
+            self.states.append(self.parse_document_end)
+            self.state = self.parse_document_content
+        else:
+            # Parse the end of the stream.
+            token = self.get_token()
+            event = StreamEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+            assert not self.states
+            assert not self.marks
+            self.state = None
+        return event
+
+    def parse_document_end(self):
+
+        # Parse the document end.
+        token = self.peek_token()
+        start_mark = end_mark = token.start_mark
+        explicit = False
+        if self.check_token(DocumentEndToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            end_mark = token.end_mark
+            explicit = True
+        event = DocumentEndEvent(start_mark, end_mark,
+                explicit=explicit)
+
+        # Prepare the next state.
+        self.state = self.parse_document_start
+
+        return event
+
+    def parse_document_content(self):
+        if self.check_token(DirectiveToken,
+                DocumentStartToken, DocumentEndToken, StreamEndToken):
+            event = self.process_empty_scalar(self.peek_token().start_mark)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+            return event
+        else:
+            return self.parse_block_node()
+
+    def process_directives(self):
+        self.yaml_version = None
+        self.tag_handles = {}
+        while self.check_token(DirectiveToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if token.name == 'YAML':
+                if self.yaml_version is not None:
+                    raise ParserError(None, None,
+                            "found duplicate YAML directive", token.start_mark)
+                major, minor = token.value
+                if major != 1:
+                    raise ParserError(None, None,
+                            "found incompatible YAML document (version 1.* is required)",
+                            token.start_mark)
+                self.yaml_version = token.value
+            elif token.name == 'TAG':
+                handle, prefix = token.value
+                if handle in self.tag_handles:
+                    raise ParserError(None, None,
+                            "duplicate tag handle %r" % handle,
+                            token.start_mark)
+                self.tag_handles[handle] = prefix
+        if self.tag_handles:
+            value = self.yaml_version, self.tag_handles.copy()
+        else:
+            value = self.yaml_version, None
+        for key in self.DEFAULT_TAGS:
+            if key not in self.tag_handles:
+                self.tag_handles[key] = self.DEFAULT_TAGS[key]
+        return value
+
+    # block_node_or_indentless_sequence ::= ALIAS
+    #               | properties (block_content | indentless_block_sequence)?
+    #               | block_content
+    #               | indentless_block_sequence
+    # block_node    ::= ALIAS
+    #                   | properties block_content?
+    #                   | block_content
+    # flow_node     ::= ALIAS
+    #                   | properties flow_content?
+    #                   | flow_content
+    # properties    ::= TAG ANCHOR? | ANCHOR TAG?
+    # block_content     ::= block_collection | flow_collection | SCALAR
+    # flow_content      ::= flow_collection | SCALAR
+    # block_collection  ::= block_sequence | block_mapping
+    # flow_collection   ::= flow_sequence | flow_mapping
+
+    def parse_block_node(self):
+        return self.parse_node(block=True)
+
+    def parse_flow_node(self):
+        return self.parse_node()
+
+    def parse_block_node_or_indentless_sequence(self):
+        return self.parse_node(block=True, indentless_sequence=True)
+
+    def parse_node(self, block=False, indentless_sequence=False):
+        if self.check_token(AliasToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            event = AliasEvent(token.value, token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+            self.state = self.states.pop()
+        else:
+            anchor = None
+            tag = None
+            start_mark = end_mark = tag_mark = None
+            if self.check_token(AnchorToken):
+                token = self.get_token()
+                start_mark = token.start_mark
+                end_mark = token.end_mark
+                anchor = token.value
+                if self.check_token(TagToken):
+                    token = self.get_token()
+                    tag_mark = token.start_mark
+                    end_mark = token.end_mark
+                    tag = token.value
+            elif self.check_token(TagToken):
+                token = self.get_token()
+                start_mark = tag_mark = token.start_mark
+                end_mark = token.end_mark
+                tag = token.value
+                if self.check_token(AnchorToken):
+                    token = self.get_token()
+                    end_mark = token.end_mark
+                    anchor = token.value
+            if tag is not None:
+                handle, suffix = tag
+                if handle is not None:
+                    if handle not in self.tag_handles:
+                        raise ParserError("while parsing a node", start_mark,
+                                "found undefined tag handle %r" % handle,
+                                tag_mark)
+                    tag = self.tag_handles[handle]+suffix
+                else:
+                    tag = suffix
+            #if tag == '!':
+            #    raise ParserError("while parsing a node", start_mark,
+            #            "found non-specific tag '!'", tag_mark,
+            #            "Please check 'http://pyyaml.org/wiki/YAMLNonSpecificTag' and share your opinion.")
+            if start_mark is None:
+                start_mark = end_mark = self.peek_token().start_mark
+            event = None
+            implicit = (tag is None or tag == '!')
+            if indentless_sequence and self.check_token(BlockEntryToken):
+                end_mark = self.peek_token().end_mark
+                event = SequenceStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                        start_mark, end_mark)
+                self.state = self.parse_indentless_sequence_entry
+            else:
+                if self.check_token(ScalarToken):
+                    token = self.get_token()
+                    end_mark = token.end_mark
+                    if (token.plain and tag is None) or tag == '!':
+                        implicit = (True, False)
+                    elif tag is None:
+                        implicit = (False, True)
+                    else:
+                        implicit = (False, False)
+                    event = ScalarEvent(anchor, tag, implicit, token.value,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, style=token.style)
+                    self.state = self.states.pop()
+                elif self.check_token(FlowSequenceStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().end_mark
+                    event = SequenceStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=True)
+                    self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_first_entry
+                elif self.check_token(FlowMappingStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().end_mark
+                    event = MappingStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=True)
+                    self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_first_key
+                elif block and self.check_token(BlockSequenceStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().start_mark
+                    event = SequenceStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=False)
+                    self.state = self.parse_block_sequence_first_entry
+                elif block and self.check_token(BlockMappingStartToken):
+                    end_mark = self.peek_token().start_mark
+                    event = MappingStartEvent(anchor, tag, implicit,
+                            start_mark, end_mark, flow_style=False)
+                    self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_first_key
+                elif anchor is not None or tag is not None:
+                    # Empty scalars are allowed even if a tag or an anchor is
+                    # specified.
+                    event = ScalarEvent(anchor, tag, (implicit, False), '',
+                            start_mark, end_mark)
+                    self.state = self.states.pop()
+                else:
+                    if block:
+                        node = 'block'
+                    else:
+                        node = 'flow'
+                    token = self.peek_token()
+                    raise ParserError("while parsing a %s node" % node, start_mark,
+                            "expected the node content, but found %r" % token.id,
+                            token.start_mark)
+        return event
+
+    # block_sequence ::= BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)* BLOCK-END
+
+    def parse_block_sequence_first_entry(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_block_sequence_entry()
+
+    def parse_block_sequence_entry(self):
+        if self.check_token(BlockEntryToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(BlockEntryToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_block_sequence_entry)
+                return self.parse_block_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_block_sequence_entry
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        if not self.check_token(BlockEndToken):
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            raise ParserError("while parsing a block collection", self.marks[-1],
+                    "expected <block end>, but found %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = SequenceEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    # indentless_sequence ::= (BLOCK-ENTRY block_node?)+
+
+    def parse_indentless_sequence_entry(self):
+        if self.check_token(BlockEntryToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(BlockEntryToken,
+                    KeyToken, ValueToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_indentless_sequence_entry)
+                return self.parse_block_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_indentless_sequence_entry
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        token = self.peek_token()
+        event = SequenceEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.start_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        return event
+
+    # block_mapping     ::= BLOCK-MAPPING_START
+    #                       ((KEY block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?
+    #                       (VALUE block_node_or_indentless_sequence?)?)*
+    #                       BLOCK-END
+
+    def parse_block_mapping_first_key(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_block_mapping_key()
+
+    def parse_block_mapping_key(self):
+        if self.check_token(KeyToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(KeyToken, ValueToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_block_mapping_value)
+                return self.parse_block_node_or_indentless_sequence()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_value
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        if not self.check_token(BlockEndToken):
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            raise ParserError("while parsing a block mapping", self.marks[-1],
+                    "expected <block end>, but found %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = MappingEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    def parse_block_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.check_token(ValueToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(KeyToken, ValueToken, BlockEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_block_mapping_key)
+                return self.parse_block_node_or_indentless_sequence()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_key
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_block_mapping_key
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.start_mark)
+
+    # flow_sequence     ::= FLOW-SEQUENCE-START
+    #                       (flow_sequence_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+    #                       flow_sequence_entry?
+    #                       FLOW-SEQUENCE-END
+    # flow_sequence_entry   ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+    #
+    # Note that while production rules for both flow_sequence_entry and
+    # flow_mapping_entry are equal, their interpretations are different.
+    # For `flow_sequence_entry`, the part `KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?`
+    # generate an inline mapping (set syntax).
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_first_entry(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_flow_sequence_entry(first=True)
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry(self, first=False):
+        if not self.check_token(FlowSequenceEndToken):
+            if not first:
+                if self.check_token(FlowEntryToken):
+                    self.get_token()
+                else:
+                    token = self.peek_token()
+                    raise ParserError("while parsing a flow sequence", self.marks[-1],
+                            "expected ',' or ']', but got %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+            
+            if self.check_token(KeyToken):
+                token = self.peek_token()
+                event = MappingStartEvent(None, None, True,
+                        token.start_mark, token.end_mark,
+                        flow_style=True)
+                self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_key
+                return event
+            elif not self.check_token(FlowSequenceEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_sequence_entry)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = SequenceEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_key(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        if not self.check_token(ValueToken,
+                FlowEntryToken, FlowSequenceEndToken):
+            self.states.append(self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_value)
+            return self.parse_flow_node()
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_value
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.check_token(ValueToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(FlowEntryToken, FlowSequenceEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.start_mark)
+
+    def parse_flow_sequence_entry_mapping_end(self):
+        self.state = self.parse_flow_sequence_entry
+        token = self.peek_token()
+        return MappingEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.start_mark)
+
+    # flow_mapping  ::= FLOW-MAPPING-START
+    #                   (flow_mapping_entry FLOW-ENTRY)*
+    #                   flow_mapping_entry?
+    #                   FLOW-MAPPING-END
+    # flow_mapping_entry    ::= flow_node | KEY flow_node? (VALUE flow_node?)?
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_first_key(self):
+        token = self.get_token()
+        self.marks.append(token.start_mark)
+        return self.parse_flow_mapping_key(first=True)
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_key(self, first=False):
+        if not self.check_token(FlowMappingEndToken):
+            if not first:
+                if self.check_token(FlowEntryToken):
+                    self.get_token()
+                else:
+                    token = self.peek_token()
+                    raise ParserError("while parsing a flow mapping", self.marks[-1],
+                            "expected ',' or '}', but got %r" % token.id, token.start_mark)
+            if self.check_token(KeyToken):
+                token = self.get_token()
+                if not self.check_token(ValueToken,
+                        FlowEntryToken, FlowMappingEndToken):
+                    self.states.append(self.parse_flow_mapping_value)
+                    return self.parse_flow_node()
+                else:
+                    self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_value
+                    return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+            elif not self.check_token(FlowMappingEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_mapping_empty_value)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+        token = self.get_token()
+        event = MappingEndEvent(token.start_mark, token.end_mark)
+        self.state = self.states.pop()
+        self.marks.pop()
+        return event
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_value(self):
+        if self.check_token(ValueToken):
+            token = self.get_token()
+            if not self.check_token(FlowEntryToken, FlowMappingEndToken):
+                self.states.append(self.parse_flow_mapping_key)
+                return self.parse_flow_node()
+            else:
+                self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_key
+                return self.process_empty_scalar(token.end_mark)
+        else:
+            self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_key
+            token = self.peek_token()
+            return self.process_empty_scalar(token.start_mark)
+
+    def parse_flow_mapping_empty_value(self):
+        self.state = self.parse_flow_mapping_key
+        return self.process_empty_scalar(self.peek_token().start_mark)
+
+    def process_empty_scalar(self, mark):
+        return ScalarEvent(None, None, (True, False), '', mark, mark)
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/reader.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/reader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..774b021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/reader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# This module contains abstractions for the input stream. You don't have to
+# looks further, there are no pretty code.
+#
+# We define two classes here.
+#
+#   Mark(source, line, column)
+# It's just a record and its only use is producing nice error messages.
+# Parser does not use it for any other purposes.
+#
+#   Reader(source, data)
+# Reader determines the encoding of `data` and converts it to unicode.
+# Reader provides the following methods and attributes:
+#   reader.peek(length=1) - return the next `length` characters
+#   reader.forward(length=1) - move the current position to `length` characters.
+#   reader.index - the number of the current character.
+#   reader.line, stream.column - the line and the column of the current character.
+
+__all__ = ['Reader', 'ReaderError']
+
+from .error import YAMLError, Mark
+
+import codecs, re
+
+class ReaderError(YAMLError):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, position, character, encoding, reason):
+        self.name = name
+        self.character = character
+        self.position = position
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.reason = reason
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if isinstance(self.character, bytes):
+            return "'%s' codec can't decode byte #x%02x: %s\n"  \
+                    "  in \"%s\", position %d"    \
+                    % (self.encoding, ord(self.character), self.reason,
+                            self.name, self.position)
+        else:
+            return "unacceptable character #x%04x: %s\n"    \
+                    "  in \"%s\", position %d"    \
+                    % (self.character, self.reason,
+                            self.name, self.position)
+
+class Reader(object):
+    # Reader:
+    # - determines the data encoding and converts it to a unicode string,
+    # - checks if characters are in allowed range,
+    # - adds '\0' to the end.
+
+    # Reader accepts
+    #  - a `bytes` object,
+    #  - a `str` object,
+    #  - a file-like object with its `read` method returning `str`,
+    #  - a file-like object with its `read` method returning `unicode`.
+
+    # Yeah, it's ugly and slow.
+
+    def __init__(self, stream):
+        self.name = None
+        self.stream = None
+        self.stream_pointer = 0
+        self.eof = True
+        self.buffer = ''
+        self.pointer = 0
+        self.raw_buffer = None
+        self.raw_decode = None
+        self.encoding = None
+        self.index = 0
+        self.line = 0
+        self.column = 0
+        if isinstance(stream, str):
+            self.name = "<unicode string>"
+            self.check_printable(stream)
+            self.buffer = stream+'\0'
+        elif isinstance(stream, bytes):
+            self.name = "<byte string>"
+            self.raw_buffer = stream
+            self.determine_encoding()
+        else:
+            self.stream = stream
+            self.name = getattr(stream, 'name', "<file>")
+            self.eof = False
+            self.raw_buffer = None
+            self.determine_encoding()
+
+    def peek(self, index=0):
+        try:
+            return self.buffer[self.pointer+index]
+        except IndexError:
+            self.update(index+1)
+            return self.buffer[self.pointer+index]
+
+    def prefix(self, length=1):
+        if self.pointer+length >= len(self.buffer):
+            self.update(length)
+        return self.buffer[self.pointer:self.pointer+length]
+
+    def forward(self, length=1):
+        if self.pointer+length+1 >= len(self.buffer):
+            self.update(length+1)
+        while length:
+            ch = self.buffer[self.pointer]
+            self.pointer += 1
+            self.index += 1
+            if ch in '\n\x85\u2028\u2029'  \
+                    or (ch == '\r' and self.buffer[self.pointer] != '\n'):
+                self.line += 1
+                self.column = 0
+            elif ch != '\uFEFF':
+                self.column += 1
+            length -= 1
+
+    def get_mark(self):
+        if self.stream is None:
+            return Mark(self.name, self.index, self.line, self.column,
+                    self.buffer, self.pointer)
+        else:
+            return Mark(self.name, self.index, self.line, self.column,
+                    None, None)
+
+    def determine_encoding(self):
+        while not self.eof and (self.raw_buffer is None or len(self.raw_buffer) < 2):
+            self.update_raw()
+        if isinstance(self.raw_buffer, bytes):
+            if self.raw_buffer.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
+                self.raw_decode = codecs.utf_16_le_decode
+                self.encoding = 'utf-16-le'
+            elif self.raw_buffer.startswith(codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE):
+                self.raw_decode = codecs.utf_16_be_decode
+                self.encoding = 'utf-16-be'
+            else:
+                self.raw_decode = codecs.utf_8_decode
+                self.encoding = 'utf-8'
+        self.update(1)
+
+    NON_PRINTABLE = re.compile('[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E\x85\xA0-\uD7FF\uE000-\uFFFD\U00010000-\U0010ffff]')
+    def check_printable(self, data):
+        match = self.NON_PRINTABLE.search(data)
+        if match:
+            character = match.group()
+            position = self.index+(len(self.buffer)-self.pointer)+match.start()
+            raise ReaderError(self.name, position, ord(character),
+                    'unicode', "special characters are not allowed")
+
+    def update(self, length):
+        if self.raw_buffer is None:
+            return
+        self.buffer = self.buffer[self.pointer:]
+        self.pointer = 0
+        while len(self.buffer) < length:
+            if not self.eof:
+                self.update_raw()
+            if self.raw_decode is not None:
+                try:
+                    data, converted = self.raw_decode(self.raw_buffer,
+                            'strict', self.eof)
+                except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+                    character = self.raw_buffer[exc.start]
+                    if self.stream is not None:
+                        position = self.stream_pointer-len(self.raw_buffer)+exc.start
+                    else:
+                        position = exc.start
+                    raise ReaderError(self.name, position, character,
+                            exc.encoding, exc.reason)
+            else:
+                data = self.raw_buffer
+                converted = len(data)
+            self.check_printable(data)
+            self.buffer += data
+            self.raw_buffer = self.raw_buffer[converted:]
+            if self.eof:
+                self.buffer += '\0'
+                self.raw_buffer = None
+                break
+
+    def update_raw(self, size=4096):
+        data = self.stream.read(size)
+        if self.raw_buffer is None:
+            self.raw_buffer = data
+        else:
+            self.raw_buffer += data
+        self.stream_pointer += len(data)
+        if not data:
+            self.eof = True
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/representer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/representer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..808ca06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/representer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseRepresenter', 'SafeRepresenter', 'Representer',
+    'RepresenterError']
+
+from .error import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+import datetime, copyreg, types, base64, collections
+
+class RepresenterError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class BaseRepresenter:
+
+    yaml_representers = {}
+    yaml_multi_representers = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, default_style=None, default_flow_style=False, sort_keys=True):
+        self.default_style = default_style
+        self.sort_keys = sort_keys
+        self.default_flow_style = default_flow_style
+        self.represented_objects = {}
+        self.object_keeper = []
+        self.alias_key = None
+
+    def represent(self, data):
+        node = self.represent_data(data)
+        self.serialize(node)
+        self.represented_objects = {}
+        self.object_keeper = []
+        self.alias_key = None
+
+    def represent_data(self, data):
+        if self.ignore_aliases(data):
+            self.alias_key = None
+        else:
+            self.alias_key = id(data)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            if self.alias_key in self.represented_objects:
+                node = self.represented_objects[self.alias_key]
+                #if node is None:
+                #    raise RepresenterError("recursive objects are not allowed: %r" % data)
+                return node
+            #self.represented_objects[alias_key] = None
+            self.object_keeper.append(data)
+        data_types = type(data).__mro__
+        if data_types[0] in self.yaml_representers:
+            node = self.yaml_representers[data_types[0]](self, data)
+        else:
+            for data_type in data_types:
+                if data_type in self.yaml_multi_representers:
+                    node = self.yaml_multi_representers[data_type](self, data)
+                    break
+            else:
+                if None in self.yaml_multi_representers:
+                    node = self.yaml_multi_representers[None](self, data)
+                elif None in self.yaml_representers:
+                    node = self.yaml_representers[None](self, data)
+                else:
+                    node = ScalarNode(None, str(data))
+        #if alias_key is not None:
+        #    self.represented_objects[alias_key] = node
+        return node
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_representer(cls, data_type, representer):
+        if not 'yaml_representers' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_representers = cls.yaml_representers.copy()
+        cls.yaml_representers[data_type] = representer
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_multi_representer(cls, data_type, representer):
+        if not 'yaml_multi_representers' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_multi_representers = cls.yaml_multi_representers.copy()
+        cls.yaml_multi_representers[data_type] = representer
+
+    def represent_scalar(self, tag, value, style=None):
+        if style is None:
+            style = self.default_style
+        node = ScalarNode(tag, value, style=style)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+        return node
+
+    def represent_sequence(self, tag, sequence, flow_style=None):
+        value = []
+        node = SequenceNode(tag, value, flow_style=flow_style)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+        best_style = True
+        for item in sequence:
+            node_item = self.represent_data(item)
+            if not (isinstance(node_item, ScalarNode) and not node_item.style):
+                best_style = False
+            value.append(node_item)
+        if flow_style is None:
+            if self.default_flow_style is not None:
+                node.flow_style = self.default_flow_style
+            else:
+                node.flow_style = best_style
+        return node
+
+    def represent_mapping(self, tag, mapping, flow_style=None):
+        value = []
+        node = MappingNode(tag, value, flow_style=flow_style)
+        if self.alias_key is not None:
+            self.represented_objects[self.alias_key] = node
+        best_style = True
+        if hasattr(mapping, 'items'):
+            mapping = list(mapping.items())
+            if self.sort_keys:
+                try:
+                    mapping = sorted(mapping)
+                except TypeError:
+                    pass
+        for item_key, item_value in mapping:
+            node_key = self.represent_data(item_key)
+            node_value = self.represent_data(item_value)
+            if not (isinstance(node_key, ScalarNode) and not node_key.style):
+                best_style = False
+            if not (isinstance(node_value, ScalarNode) and not node_value.style):
+                best_style = False
+            value.append((node_key, node_value))
+        if flow_style is None:
+            if self.default_flow_style is not None:
+                node.flow_style = self.default_flow_style
+            else:
+                node.flow_style = best_style
+        return node
+
+    def ignore_aliases(self, data):
+        return False
+
+class SafeRepresenter(BaseRepresenter):
+
+    def ignore_aliases(self, data):
+        if data is None:
+            return True
+        if isinstance(data, tuple) and data == ():
+            return True
+        if isinstance(data, (str, bytes, bool, int, float)):
+            return True
+
+    def represent_none(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:null', 'null')
+
+    def represent_str(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:str', data)
+
+    def represent_binary(self, data):
+        if hasattr(base64, 'encodebytes'):
+            data = base64.encodebytes(data).decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            data = base64.encodestring(data).decode('ascii')
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:binary', data, style='|')
+
+    def represent_bool(self, data):
+        if data:
+            value = 'true'
+        else:
+            value = 'false'
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:bool', value)
+
+    def represent_int(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:int', str(data))
+
+    inf_value = 1e300
+    while repr(inf_value) != repr(inf_value*inf_value):
+        inf_value *= inf_value
+
+    def represent_float(self, data):
+        if data != data or (data == 0.0 and data == 1.0):
+            value = '.nan'
+        elif data == self.inf_value:
+            value = '.inf'
+        elif data == -self.inf_value:
+            value = '-.inf'
+        else:
+            value = repr(data).lower()
+            # Note that in some cases `repr(data)` represents a float number
+            # without the decimal parts.  For instance:
+            #   >>> repr(1e17)
+            #   '1e17'
+            # Unfortunately, this is not a valid float representation according
+            # to the definition of the `!!float` tag.  We fix this by adding
+            # '.0' before the 'e' symbol.
+            if '.' not in value and 'e' in value:
+                value = value.replace('e', '.0e', 1)
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:float', value)
+
+    def represent_list(self, data):
+        #pairs = (len(data) > 0 and isinstance(data, list))
+        #if pairs:
+        #    for item in data:
+        #        if not isinstance(item, tuple) or len(item) != 2:
+        #            pairs = False
+        #            break
+        #if not pairs:
+            return self.represent_sequence('tag:yaml.org,2002:seq', data)
+        #value = []
+        #for item_key, item_value in data:
+        #    value.append(self.represent_mapping(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:map',
+        #        [(item_key, item_value)]))
+        #return SequenceNode(u'tag:yaml.org,2002:pairs', value)
+
+    def represent_dict(self, data):
+        return self.represent_mapping('tag:yaml.org,2002:map', data)
+
+    def represent_set(self, data):
+        value = {}
+        for key in data:
+            value[key] = None
+        return self.represent_mapping('tag:yaml.org,2002:set', value)
+
+    def represent_date(self, data):
+        value = data.isoformat()
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp', value)
+
+    def represent_datetime(self, data):
+        value = data.isoformat(' ')
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp', value)
+
+    def represent_yaml_object(self, tag, data, cls, flow_style=None):
+        if hasattr(data, '__getstate__'):
+            state = data.__getstate__()
+        else:
+            state = data.__dict__.copy()
+        return self.represent_mapping(tag, state, flow_style=flow_style)
+
+    def represent_undefined(self, data):
+        raise RepresenterError("cannot represent an object", data)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(type(None),
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_none)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(str,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_str)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(bytes,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_binary)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(bool,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_bool)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(int,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_int)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(float,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_float)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(list,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_list)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(tuple,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_list)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(dict,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_dict)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(set,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_set)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(datetime.date,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_date)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(datetime.datetime,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_datetime)
+
+SafeRepresenter.add_representer(None,
+        SafeRepresenter.represent_undefined)
+
+class Representer(SafeRepresenter):
+
+    def represent_complex(self, data):
+        if data.imag == 0.0:
+            data = '%r' % data.real
+        elif data.real == 0.0:
+            data = '%rj' % data.imag
+        elif data.imag > 0:
+            data = '%r+%rj' % (data.real, data.imag)
+        else:
+            data = '%r%rj' % (data.real, data.imag)
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:python/complex', data)
+
+    def represent_tuple(self, data):
+        return self.represent_sequence('tag:yaml.org,2002:python/tuple', data)
+
+    def represent_name(self, data):
+        name = '%s.%s' % (data.__module__, data.__name__)
+        return self.represent_scalar('tag:yaml.org,2002:python/name:'+name, '')
+
+    def represent_module(self, data):
+        return self.represent_scalar(
+                'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/module:'+data.__name__, '')
+
+    def represent_object(self, data):
+        # We use __reduce__ API to save the data. data.__reduce__ returns
+        # a tuple of length 2-5:
+        #   (function, args, state, listitems, dictitems)
+
+        # For reconstructing, we calls function(*args), then set its state,
+        # listitems, and dictitems if they are not None.
+
+        # A special case is when function.__name__ == '__newobj__'. In this
+        # case we create the object with args[0].__new__(*args).
+
+        # Another special case is when __reduce__ returns a string - we don't
+        # support it.
+
+        # We produce a !!python/object, !!python/object/new or
+        # !!python/object/apply node.
+
+        cls = type(data)
+        if cls in copyreg.dispatch_table:
+            reduce = copyreg.dispatch_table[cls](data)
+        elif hasattr(data, '__reduce_ex__'):
+            reduce = data.__reduce_ex__(2)
+        elif hasattr(data, '__reduce__'):
+            reduce = data.__reduce__()
+        else:
+            raise RepresenterError("cannot represent an object", data)
+        reduce = (list(reduce)+[None]*5)[:5]
+        function, args, state, listitems, dictitems = reduce
+        args = list(args)
+        if state is None:
+            state = {}
+        if listitems is not None:
+            listitems = list(listitems)
+        if dictitems is not None:
+            dictitems = dict(dictitems)
+        if function.__name__ == '__newobj__':
+            function = args[0]
+            args = args[1:]
+            tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/new:'
+            newobj = True
+        else:
+            tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/apply:'
+            newobj = False
+        function_name = '%s.%s' % (function.__module__, function.__name__)
+        if not args and not listitems and not dictitems \
+                and isinstance(state, dict) and newobj:
+            return self.represent_mapping(
+                    'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object:'+function_name, state)
+        if not listitems and not dictitems  \
+                and isinstance(state, dict) and not state:
+            return self.represent_sequence(tag+function_name, args)
+        value = {}
+        if args:
+            value['args'] = args
+        if state or not isinstance(state, dict):
+            value['state'] = state
+        if listitems:
+            value['listitems'] = listitems
+        if dictitems:
+            value['dictitems'] = dictitems
+        return self.represent_mapping(tag+function_name, value)
+
+    def represent_ordered_dict(self, data):
+        # Provide uniform representation across different Python versions.
+        data_type = type(data)
+        tag = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:python/object/apply:%s.%s' \
+                % (data_type.__module__, data_type.__name__)
+        items = [[key, value] for key, value in data.items()]
+        return self.represent_sequence(tag, [items])
+
+Representer.add_representer(complex,
+        Representer.represent_complex)
+
+Representer.add_representer(tuple,
+        Representer.represent_tuple)
+
+Representer.add_multi_representer(type,
+        Representer.represent_name)
+
+Representer.add_representer(collections.OrderedDict,
+        Representer.represent_ordered_dict)
+
+Representer.add_representer(types.FunctionType,
+        Representer.represent_name)
+
+Representer.add_representer(types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+        Representer.represent_name)
+
+Representer.add_representer(types.ModuleType,
+        Representer.represent_module)
+
+Representer.add_multi_representer(object,
+        Representer.represent_object)
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/resolver.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/resolver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3522bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/resolver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+
+__all__ = ['BaseResolver', 'Resolver']
+
+from .error import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+import re
+
+class ResolverError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class BaseResolver:
+
+    DEFAULT_SCALAR_TAG = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:str'
+    DEFAULT_SEQUENCE_TAG = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:seq'
+    DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:map'
+
+    yaml_implicit_resolvers = {}
+    yaml_path_resolvers = {}
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.resolver_exact_paths = []
+        self.resolver_prefix_paths = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_implicit_resolver(cls, tag, regexp, first):
+        if not 'yaml_implicit_resolvers' in cls.__dict__:
+            implicit_resolvers = {}
+            for key in cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers:
+                implicit_resolvers[key] = cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers[key][:]
+            cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers = implicit_resolvers
+        if first is None:
+            first = [None]
+        for ch in first:
+            cls.yaml_implicit_resolvers.setdefault(ch, []).append((tag, regexp))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_path_resolver(cls, tag, path, kind=None):
+        # Note: `add_path_resolver` is experimental.  The API could be changed.
+        # `new_path` is a pattern that is matched against the path from the
+        # root to the node that is being considered.  `node_path` elements are
+        # tuples `(node_check, index_check)`.  `node_check` is a node class:
+        # `ScalarNode`, `SequenceNode`, `MappingNode` or `None`.  `None`
+        # matches any kind of a node.  `index_check` could be `None`, a boolean
+        # value, a string value, or a number.  `None` and `False` match against
+        # any _value_ of sequence and mapping nodes.  `True` matches against
+        # any _key_ of a mapping node.  A string `index_check` matches against
+        # a mapping value that corresponds to a scalar key which content is
+        # equal to the `index_check` value.  An integer `index_check` matches
+        # against a sequence value with the index equal to `index_check`.
+        if not 'yaml_path_resolvers' in cls.__dict__:
+            cls.yaml_path_resolvers = cls.yaml_path_resolvers.copy()
+        new_path = []
+        for element in path:
+            if isinstance(element, (list, tuple)):
+                if len(element) == 2:
+                    node_check, index_check = element
+                elif len(element) == 1:
+                    node_check = element[0]
+                    index_check = True
+                else:
+                    raise ResolverError("Invalid path element: %s" % element)
+            else:
+                node_check = None
+                index_check = element
+            if node_check is str:
+                node_check = ScalarNode
+            elif node_check is list:
+                node_check = SequenceNode
+            elif node_check is dict:
+                node_check = MappingNode
+            elif node_check not in [ScalarNode, SequenceNode, MappingNode]  \
+                    and not isinstance(node_check, str) \
+                    and node_check is not None:
+                raise ResolverError("Invalid node checker: %s" % node_check)
+            if not isinstance(index_check, (str, int))  \
+                    and index_check is not None:
+                raise ResolverError("Invalid index checker: %s" % index_check)
+            new_path.append((node_check, index_check))
+        if kind is str:
+            kind = ScalarNode
+        elif kind is list:
+            kind = SequenceNode
+        elif kind is dict:
+            kind = MappingNode
+        elif kind not in [ScalarNode, SequenceNode, MappingNode]    \
+                and kind is not None:
+            raise ResolverError("Invalid node kind: %s" % kind)
+        cls.yaml_path_resolvers[tuple(new_path), kind] = tag
+
+    def descend_resolver(self, current_node, current_index):
+        if not self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+            return
+        exact_paths = {}
+        prefix_paths = []
+        if current_node:
+            depth = len(self.resolver_prefix_paths)
+            for path, kind in self.resolver_prefix_paths[-1]:
+                if self.check_resolver_prefix(depth, path, kind,
+                        current_node, current_index):
+                    if len(path) > depth:
+                        prefix_paths.append((path, kind))
+                    else:
+                        exact_paths[kind] = self.yaml_path_resolvers[path, kind]
+        else:
+            for path, kind in self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+                if not path:
+                    exact_paths[kind] = self.yaml_path_resolvers[path, kind]
+                else:
+                    prefix_paths.append((path, kind))
+        self.resolver_exact_paths.append(exact_paths)
+        self.resolver_prefix_paths.append(prefix_paths)
+
+    def ascend_resolver(self):
+        if not self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+            return
+        self.resolver_exact_paths.pop()
+        self.resolver_prefix_paths.pop()
+
+    def check_resolver_prefix(self, depth, path, kind,
+            current_node, current_index):
+        node_check, index_check = path[depth-1]
+        if isinstance(node_check, str):
+            if current_node.tag != node_check:
+                return
+        elif node_check is not None:
+            if not isinstance(current_node, node_check):
+                return
+        if index_check is True and current_index is not None:
+            return
+        if (index_check is False or index_check is None)    \
+                and current_index is None:
+            return
+        if isinstance(index_check, str):
+            if not (isinstance(current_index, ScalarNode)
+                    and index_check == current_index.value):
+                return
+        elif isinstance(index_check, int) and not isinstance(index_check, bool):
+            if index_check != current_index:
+                return
+        return True
+
+    def resolve(self, kind, value, implicit):
+        if kind is ScalarNode and implicit[0]:
+            if value == '':
+                resolvers = self.yaml_implicit_resolvers.get('', [])
+            else:
+                resolvers = self.yaml_implicit_resolvers.get(value[0], [])
+            wildcard_resolvers = self.yaml_implicit_resolvers.get(None, [])
+            for tag, regexp in resolvers + wildcard_resolvers:
+                if regexp.match(value):
+                    return tag
+            implicit = implicit[1]
+        if self.yaml_path_resolvers:
+            exact_paths = self.resolver_exact_paths[-1]
+            if kind in exact_paths:
+                return exact_paths[kind]
+            if None in exact_paths:
+                return exact_paths[None]
+        if kind is ScalarNode:
+            return self.DEFAULT_SCALAR_TAG
+        elif kind is SequenceNode:
+            return self.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE_TAG
+        elif kind is MappingNode:
+            return self.DEFAULT_MAPPING_TAG
+
+class Resolver(BaseResolver):
+    pass
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:bool',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:yes|Yes|YES|no|No|NO
+                    |true|True|TRUE|false|False|FALSE
+                    |on|On|ON|off|Off|OFF)$''', re.X),
+        list('yYnNtTfFoO'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:float',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:[-+]?(?:[0-9][0-9_]*)\.[0-9_]*(?:[eE][-+][0-9]+)?
+                    |\.[0-9][0-9_]*(?:[eE][-+][0-9]+)?
+                    |[-+]?[0-9][0-9_]*(?::[0-5]?[0-9])+\.[0-9_]*
+                    |[-+]?\.(?:inf|Inf|INF)
+                    |\.(?:nan|NaN|NAN))$''', re.X),
+        list('-+0123456789.'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:int',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:[-+]?0b[0-1_]+
+                    |[-+]?0[0-7_]+
+                    |[-+]?(?:0|[1-9][0-9_]*)
+                    |[-+]?0x[0-9a-fA-F_]+
+                    |[-+]?[1-9][0-9_]*(?::[0-5]?[0-9])+)$''', re.X),
+        list('-+0123456789'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:merge',
+        re.compile(r'^(?:<<)$'),
+        ['<'])
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:null',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?: ~
+                    |null|Null|NULL
+                    | )$''', re.X),
+        ['~', 'n', 'N', ''])
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:timestamp',
+        re.compile(r'''^(?:[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]
+                    |[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9] -[0-9][0-9]? -[0-9][0-9]?
+                     (?:[Tt]|[ \t]+)[0-9][0-9]?
+                     :[0-9][0-9] :[0-9][0-9] (?:\.[0-9]*)?
+                     (?:[ \t]*(?:Z|[-+][0-9][0-9]?(?::[0-9][0-9])?))?)$''', re.X),
+        list('0123456789'))
+
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:value',
+        re.compile(r'^(?:=)$'),
+        ['='])
+
+# The following resolver is only for documentation purposes. It cannot work
+# because plain scalars cannot start with '!', '&', or '*'.
+Resolver.add_implicit_resolver(
+        'tag:yaml.org,2002:yaml',
+        re.compile(r'^(?:!|&|\*)$'),
+        list('!&*'))
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/scanner.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/scanner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de925b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/scanner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1435 @@
+
+# Scanner produces tokens of the following types:
+# STREAM-START
+# STREAM-END
+# DIRECTIVE(name, value)
+# DOCUMENT-START
+# DOCUMENT-END
+# BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START
+# BLOCK-MAPPING-START
+# BLOCK-END
+# FLOW-SEQUENCE-START
+# FLOW-MAPPING-START
+# FLOW-SEQUENCE-END
+# FLOW-MAPPING-END
+# BLOCK-ENTRY
+# FLOW-ENTRY
+# KEY
+# VALUE
+# ALIAS(value)
+# ANCHOR(value)
+# TAG(value)
+# SCALAR(value, plain, style)
+#
+# Read comments in the Scanner code for more details.
+#
+
+__all__ = ['Scanner', 'ScannerError']
+
+from .error import MarkedYAMLError
+from .tokens import *
+
+class ScannerError(MarkedYAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class SimpleKey:
+    # See below simple keys treatment.
+
+    def __init__(self, token_number, required, index, line, column, mark):
+        self.token_number = token_number
+        self.required = required
+        self.index = index
+        self.line = line
+        self.column = column
+        self.mark = mark
+
+class Scanner:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initialize the scanner."""
+        # It is assumed that Scanner and Reader will have a common descendant.
+        # Reader do the dirty work of checking for BOM and converting the
+        # input data to Unicode. It also adds NUL to the end.
+        #
+        # Reader supports the following methods
+        #   self.peek(i=0)       # peek the next i-th character
+        #   self.prefix(l=1)     # peek the next l characters
+        #   self.forward(l=1)    # read the next l characters and move the pointer.
+
+        # Had we reached the end of the stream?
+        self.done = False
+
+        # The number of unclosed '{' and '['. `flow_level == 0` means block
+        # context.
+        self.flow_level = 0
+
+        # List of processed tokens that are not yet emitted.
+        self.tokens = []
+
+        # Add the STREAM-START token.
+        self.fetch_stream_start()
+
+        # Number of tokens that were emitted through the `get_token` method.
+        self.tokens_taken = 0
+
+        # The current indentation level.
+        self.indent = -1
+
+        # Past indentation levels.
+        self.indents = []
+
+        # Variables related to simple keys treatment.
+
+        # A simple key is a key that is not denoted by the '?' indicator.
+        # Example of simple keys:
+        #   ---
+        #   block simple key: value
+        #   ? not a simple key:
+        #   : { flow simple key: value }
+        # We emit the KEY token before all keys, so when we find a potential
+        # simple key, we try to locate the corresponding ':' indicator.
+        # Simple keys should be limited to a single line and 1024 characters.
+
+        # Can a simple key start at the current position? A simple key may
+        # start:
+        # - at the beginning of the line, not counting indentation spaces
+        #       (in block context),
+        # - after '{', '[', ',' (in the flow context),
+        # - after '?', ':', '-' (in the block context).
+        # In the block context, this flag also signifies if a block collection
+        # may start at the current position.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Keep track of possible simple keys. This is a dictionary. The key
+        # is `flow_level`; there can be no more that one possible simple key
+        # for each level. The value is a SimpleKey record:
+        #   (token_number, required, index, line, column, mark)
+        # A simple key may start with ALIAS, ANCHOR, TAG, SCALAR(flow),
+        # '[', or '{' tokens.
+        self.possible_simple_keys = {}
+
+    # Public methods.
+
+    def check_token(self, *choices):
+        # Check if the next token is one of the given types.
+        while self.need_more_tokens():
+            self.fetch_more_tokens()
+        if self.tokens:
+            if not choices:
+                return True
+            for choice in choices:
+                if isinstance(self.tokens[0], choice):
+                    return True
+        return False
+
+    def peek_token(self):
+        # Return the next token, but do not delete if from the queue.
+        # Return None if no more tokens.
+        while self.need_more_tokens():
+            self.fetch_more_tokens()
+        if self.tokens:
+            return self.tokens[0]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def get_token(self):
+        # Return the next token.
+        while self.need_more_tokens():
+            self.fetch_more_tokens()
+        if self.tokens:
+            self.tokens_taken += 1
+            return self.tokens.pop(0)
+
+    # Private methods.
+
+    def need_more_tokens(self):
+        if self.done:
+            return False
+        if not self.tokens:
+            return True
+        # The current token may be a potential simple key, so we
+        # need to look further.
+        self.stale_possible_simple_keys()
+        if self.next_possible_simple_key() == self.tokens_taken:
+            return True
+
+    def fetch_more_tokens(self):
+
+        # Eat whitespaces and comments until we reach the next token.
+        self.scan_to_next_token()
+
+        # Remove obsolete possible simple keys.
+        self.stale_possible_simple_keys()
+
+        # Compare the current indentation and column. It may add some tokens
+        # and decrease the current indentation level.
+        self.unwind_indent(self.column)
+
+        # Peek the next character.
+        ch = self.peek()
+
+        # Is it the end of stream?
+        if ch == '\0':
+            return self.fetch_stream_end()
+
+        # Is it a directive?
+        if ch == '%' and self.check_directive():
+            return self.fetch_directive()
+
+        # Is it the document start?
+        if ch == '-' and self.check_document_start():
+            return self.fetch_document_start()
+
+        # Is it the document end?
+        if ch == '.' and self.check_document_end():
+            return self.fetch_document_end()
+
+        # TODO: support for BOM within a stream.
+        #if ch == '\uFEFF':
+        #    return self.fetch_bom()    <-- issue BOMToken
+
+        # Note: the order of the following checks is NOT significant.
+
+        # Is it the flow sequence start indicator?
+        if ch == '[':
+            return self.fetch_flow_sequence_start()
+
+        # Is it the flow mapping start indicator?
+        if ch == '{':
+            return self.fetch_flow_mapping_start()
+
+        # Is it the flow sequence end indicator?
+        if ch == ']':
+            return self.fetch_flow_sequence_end()
+
+        # Is it the flow mapping end indicator?
+        if ch == '}':
+            return self.fetch_flow_mapping_end()
+
+        # Is it the flow entry indicator?
+        if ch == ',':
+            return self.fetch_flow_entry()
+
+        # Is it the block entry indicator?
+        if ch == '-' and self.check_block_entry():
+            return self.fetch_block_entry()
+
+        # Is it the key indicator?
+        if ch == '?' and self.check_key():
+            return self.fetch_key()
+
+        # Is it the value indicator?
+        if ch == ':' and self.check_value():
+            return self.fetch_value()
+
+        # Is it an alias?
+        if ch == '*':
+            return self.fetch_alias()
+
+        # Is it an anchor?
+        if ch == '&':
+            return self.fetch_anchor()
+
+        # Is it a tag?
+        if ch == '!':
+            return self.fetch_tag()
+
+        # Is it a literal scalar?
+        if ch == '|' and not self.flow_level:
+            return self.fetch_literal()
+
+        # Is it a folded scalar?
+        if ch == '>' and not self.flow_level:
+            return self.fetch_folded()
+
+        # Is it a single quoted scalar?
+        if ch == '\'':
+            return self.fetch_single()
+
+        # Is it a double quoted scalar?
+        if ch == '\"':
+            return self.fetch_double()
+
+        # It must be a plain scalar then.
+        if self.check_plain():
+            return self.fetch_plain()
+
+        # No? It's an error. Let's produce a nice error message.
+        raise ScannerError("while scanning for the next token", None,
+                "found character %r that cannot start any token" % ch,
+                self.get_mark())
+
+    # Simple keys treatment.
+
+    def next_possible_simple_key(self):
+        # Return the number of the nearest possible simple key. Actually we
+        # don't need to loop through the whole dictionary. We may replace it
+        # with the following code:
+        #   if not self.possible_simple_keys:
+        #       return None
+        #   return self.possible_simple_keys[
+        #           min(self.possible_simple_keys.keys())].token_number
+        min_token_number = None
+        for level in self.possible_simple_keys:
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[level]
+            if min_token_number is None or key.token_number < min_token_number:
+                min_token_number = key.token_number
+        return min_token_number
+
+    def stale_possible_simple_keys(self):
+        # Remove entries that are no longer possible simple keys. According to
+        # the YAML specification, simple keys
+        # - should be limited to a single line,
+        # - should be no longer than 1024 characters.
+        # Disabling this procedure will allow simple keys of any length and
+        # height (may cause problems if indentation is broken though).
+        for level in list(self.possible_simple_keys):
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[level]
+            if key.line != self.line  \
+                    or self.index-key.index > 1024:
+                if key.required:
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a simple key", key.mark,
+                            "could not find expected ':'", self.get_mark())
+                del self.possible_simple_keys[level]
+
+    def save_possible_simple_key(self):
+        # The next token may start a simple key. We check if it's possible
+        # and save its position. This function is called for
+        #   ALIAS, ANCHOR, TAG, SCALAR(flow), '[', and '{'.
+
+        # Check if a simple key is required at the current position.
+        required = not self.flow_level and self.indent == self.column
+
+        # The next token might be a simple key. Let's save it's number and
+        # position.
+        if self.allow_simple_key:
+            self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+            token_number = self.tokens_taken+len(self.tokens)
+            key = SimpleKey(token_number, required,
+                    self.index, self.line, self.column, self.get_mark())
+            self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level] = key
+
+    def remove_possible_simple_key(self):
+        # Remove the saved possible key position at the current flow level.
+        if self.flow_level in self.possible_simple_keys:
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+            
+            if key.required:
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a simple key", key.mark,
+                        "could not find expected ':'", self.get_mark())
+
+            del self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+
+    # Indentation functions.
+
+    def unwind_indent(self, column):
+
+        ## In flow context, tokens should respect indentation.
+        ## Actually the condition should be `self.indent >= column` according to
+        ## the spec. But this condition will prohibit intuitively correct
+        ## constructions such as
+        ## key : {
+        ## }
+        #if self.flow_level and self.indent > column:
+        #    raise ScannerError(None, None,
+        #            "invalid indentation or unclosed '[' or '{'",
+        #            self.get_mark())
+
+        # In the flow context, indentation is ignored. We make the scanner less
+        # restrictive then specification requires.
+        if self.flow_level:
+            return
+
+        # In block context, we may need to issue the BLOCK-END tokens.
+        while self.indent > column:
+            mark = self.get_mark()
+            self.indent = self.indents.pop()
+            self.tokens.append(BlockEndToken(mark, mark))
+
+    def add_indent(self, column):
+        # Check if we need to increase indentation.
+        if self.indent < column:
+            self.indents.append(self.indent)
+            self.indent = column
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    # Fetchers.
+
+    def fetch_stream_start(self):
+        # We always add STREAM-START as the first token and STREAM-END as the
+        # last token.
+
+        # Read the token.
+        mark = self.get_mark()
+        
+        # Add STREAM-START.
+        self.tokens.append(StreamStartToken(mark, mark,
+            encoding=self.encoding))
+        
+
+    def fetch_stream_end(self):
+
+        # Set the current indentation to -1.
+        self.unwind_indent(-1)
+
+        # Reset simple keys.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+        self.possible_simple_keys = {}
+
+        # Read the token.
+        mark = self.get_mark()
+        
+        # Add STREAM-END.
+        self.tokens.append(StreamEndToken(mark, mark))
+
+        # The steam is finished.
+        self.done = True
+
+    def fetch_directive(self):
+        
+        # Set the current indentation to -1.
+        self.unwind_indent(-1)
+
+        # Reset simple keys.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add DIRECTIVE.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_directive())
+
+    def fetch_document_start(self):
+        self.fetch_document_indicator(DocumentStartToken)
+
+    def fetch_document_end(self):
+        self.fetch_document_indicator(DocumentEndToken)
+
+    def fetch_document_indicator(self, TokenClass):
+
+        # Set the current indentation to -1.
+        self.unwind_indent(-1)
+
+        # Reset simple keys. Note that there could not be a block collection
+        # after '---'.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Add DOCUMENT-START or DOCUMENT-END.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward(3)
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(TokenClass(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_flow_sequence_start(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_start(FlowSequenceStartToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_mapping_start(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_start(FlowMappingStartToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_collection_start(self, TokenClass):
+
+        # '[' and '{' may start a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Increase the flow level.
+        self.flow_level += 1
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after '[' and '{'.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Add FLOW-SEQUENCE-START or FLOW-MAPPING-START.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(TokenClass(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_flow_sequence_end(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_end(FlowSequenceEndToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_mapping_end(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_collection_end(FlowMappingEndToken)
+
+    def fetch_flow_collection_end(self, TokenClass):
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Decrease the flow level.
+        self.flow_level -= 1
+
+        # No simple keys after ']' or '}'.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Add FLOW-SEQUENCE-END or FLOW-MAPPING-END.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(TokenClass(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_flow_entry(self):
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after ','.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add FLOW-ENTRY.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(FlowEntryToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_block_entry(self):
+
+        # Block context needs additional checks.
+        if not self.flow_level:
+
+            # Are we allowed to start a new entry?
+            if not self.allow_simple_key:
+                raise ScannerError(None, None,
+                        "sequence entries are not allowed here",
+                        self.get_mark())
+
+            # We may need to add BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START.
+            if self.add_indent(self.column):
+                mark = self.get_mark()
+                self.tokens.append(BlockSequenceStartToken(mark, mark))
+
+        # It's an error for the block entry to occur in the flow context,
+        # but we let the parser detect this.
+        else:
+            pass
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after '-'.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add BLOCK-ENTRY.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(BlockEntryToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_key(self):
+        
+        # Block context needs additional checks.
+        if not self.flow_level:
+
+            # Are we allowed to start a key (not necessary a simple)?
+            if not self.allow_simple_key:
+                raise ScannerError(None, None,
+                        "mapping keys are not allowed here",
+                        self.get_mark())
+
+            # We may need to add BLOCK-MAPPING-START.
+            if self.add_indent(self.column):
+                mark = self.get_mark()
+                self.tokens.append(BlockMappingStartToken(mark, mark))
+
+        # Simple keys are allowed after '?' in the block context.
+        self.allow_simple_key = not self.flow_level
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add KEY.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(KeyToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_value(self):
+
+        # Do we determine a simple key?
+        if self.flow_level in self.possible_simple_keys:
+
+            # Add KEY.
+            key = self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+            del self.possible_simple_keys[self.flow_level]
+            self.tokens.insert(key.token_number-self.tokens_taken,
+                    KeyToken(key.mark, key.mark))
+
+            # If this key starts a new block mapping, we need to add
+            # BLOCK-MAPPING-START.
+            if not self.flow_level:
+                if self.add_indent(key.column):
+                    self.tokens.insert(key.token_number-self.tokens_taken,
+                            BlockMappingStartToken(key.mark, key.mark))
+
+            # There cannot be two simple keys one after another.
+            self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # It must be a part of a complex key.
+        else:
+            
+            # Block context needs additional checks.
+            # (Do we really need them? They will be caught by the parser
+            # anyway.)
+            if not self.flow_level:
+
+                # We are allowed to start a complex value if and only if
+                # we can start a simple key.
+                if not self.allow_simple_key:
+                    raise ScannerError(None, None,
+                            "mapping values are not allowed here",
+                            self.get_mark())
+
+            # If this value starts a new block mapping, we need to add
+            # BLOCK-MAPPING-START.  It will be detected as an error later by
+            # the parser.
+            if not self.flow_level:
+                if self.add_indent(self.column):
+                    mark = self.get_mark()
+                    self.tokens.append(BlockMappingStartToken(mark, mark))
+
+            # Simple keys are allowed after ':' in the block context.
+            self.allow_simple_key = not self.flow_level
+
+            # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+            self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Add VALUE.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.tokens.append(ValueToken(start_mark, end_mark))
+
+    def fetch_alias(self):
+
+        # ALIAS could be a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after ALIAS.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add ALIAS.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_anchor(AliasToken))
+
+    def fetch_anchor(self):
+
+        # ANCHOR could start a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after ANCHOR.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add ANCHOR.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_anchor(AnchorToken))
+
+    def fetch_tag(self):
+
+        # TAG could start a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after TAG.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add TAG.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_tag())
+
+    def fetch_literal(self):
+        self.fetch_block_scalar(style='|')
+
+    def fetch_folded(self):
+        self.fetch_block_scalar(style='>')
+
+    def fetch_block_scalar(self, style):
+
+        # A simple key may follow a block scalar.
+        self.allow_simple_key = True
+
+        # Reset possible simple key on the current level.
+        self.remove_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # Scan and add SCALAR.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_block_scalar(style))
+
+    def fetch_single(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_scalar(style='\'')
+
+    def fetch_double(self):
+        self.fetch_flow_scalar(style='"')
+
+    def fetch_flow_scalar(self, style):
+
+        # A flow scalar could be a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after flow scalars.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add SCALAR.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_flow_scalar(style))
+
+    def fetch_plain(self):
+
+        # A plain scalar could be a simple key.
+        self.save_possible_simple_key()
+
+        # No simple keys after plain scalars. But note that `scan_plain` will
+        # change this flag if the scan is finished at the beginning of the
+        # line.
+        self.allow_simple_key = False
+
+        # Scan and add SCALAR. May change `allow_simple_key`.
+        self.tokens.append(self.scan_plain())
+
+    # Checkers.
+
+    def check_directive(self):
+
+        # DIRECTIVE:        ^ '%' ...
+        # The '%' indicator is already checked.
+        if self.column == 0:
+            return True
+
+    def check_document_start(self):
+
+        # DOCUMENT-START:   ^ '---' (' '|'\n')
+        if self.column == 0:
+            if self.prefix(3) == '---'  \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                return True
+
+    def check_document_end(self):
+
+        # DOCUMENT-END:     ^ '...' (' '|'\n')
+        if self.column == 0:
+            if self.prefix(3) == '...'  \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                return True
+
+    def check_block_entry(self):
+
+        # BLOCK-ENTRY:      '-' (' '|'\n')
+        return self.peek(1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+
+    def check_key(self):
+
+        # KEY(flow context):    '?'
+        if self.flow_level:
+            return True
+
+        # KEY(block context):   '?' (' '|'\n')
+        else:
+            return self.peek(1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+
+    def check_value(self):
+
+        # VALUE(flow context):  ':'
+        if self.flow_level:
+            return True
+
+        # VALUE(block context): ':' (' '|'\n')
+        else:
+            return self.peek(1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+
+    def check_plain(self):
+
+        # A plain scalar may start with any non-space character except:
+        #   '-', '?', ':', ',', '[', ']', '{', '}',
+        #   '#', '&', '*', '!', '|', '>', '\'', '\"',
+        #   '%', '@', '`'.
+        #
+        # It may also start with
+        #   '-', '?', ':'
+        # if it is followed by a non-space character.
+        #
+        # Note that we limit the last rule to the block context (except the
+        # '-' character) because we want the flow context to be space
+        # independent.
+        ch = self.peek()
+        return ch not in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029-?:,[]{}#&*!|>\'\"%@`'  \
+                or (self.peek(1) not in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+                        and (ch == '-' or (not self.flow_level and ch in '?:')))
+
+    # Scanners.
+
+    def scan_to_next_token(self):
+        # We ignore spaces, line breaks and comments.
+        # If we find a line break in the block context, we set the flag
+        # `allow_simple_key` on.
+        # The byte order mark is stripped if it's the first character in the
+        # stream. We do not yet support BOM inside the stream as the
+        # specification requires. Any such mark will be considered as a part
+        # of the document.
+        #
+        # TODO: We need to make tab handling rules more sane. A good rule is
+        #   Tabs cannot precede tokens
+        #   BLOCK-SEQUENCE-START, BLOCK-MAPPING-START, BLOCK-END,
+        #   KEY(block), VALUE(block), BLOCK-ENTRY
+        # So the checking code is
+        #   if <TAB>:
+        #       self.allow_simple_keys = False
+        # We also need to add the check for `allow_simple_keys == True` to
+        # `unwind_indent` before issuing BLOCK-END.
+        # Scanners for block, flow, and plain scalars need to be modified.
+
+        if self.index == 0 and self.peek() == '\uFEFF':
+            self.forward()
+        found = False
+        while not found:
+            while self.peek() == ' ':
+                self.forward()
+            if self.peek() == '#':
+                while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    self.forward()
+            if self.scan_line_break():
+                if not self.flow_level:
+                    self.allow_simple_key = True
+            else:
+                found = True
+
+    def scan_directive(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        self.forward()
+        name = self.scan_directive_name(start_mark)
+        value = None
+        if name == 'YAML':
+            value = self.scan_yaml_directive_value(start_mark)
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        elif name == 'TAG':
+            value = self.scan_tag_directive_value(start_mark)
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        else:
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                self.forward()
+        self.scan_directive_ignored_line(start_mark)
+        return DirectiveToken(name, value, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_directive_name(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        length = 0
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                or ch in '-_':
+            length += 1
+            ch = self.peek(length)
+        if not length:
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        value = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return value
+
+    def scan_yaml_directive_value(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        major = self.scan_yaml_directive_number(start_mark)
+        if self.peek() != '.':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a digit or '.', but found %r" % self.peek(),
+                    self.get_mark())
+        self.forward()
+        minor = self.scan_yaml_directive_number(start_mark)
+        if self.peek() not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a digit or ' ', but found %r" % self.peek(),
+                    self.get_mark())
+        return (major, minor)
+
+    def scan_yaml_directive_number(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if not ('0' <= ch <= '9'):
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a digit, but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        length = 0
+        while '0' <= self.peek(length) <= '9':
+            length += 1
+        value = int(self.prefix(length))
+        self.forward(length)
+        return value
+
+    def scan_tag_directive_value(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        handle = self.scan_tag_directive_handle(start_mark)
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        prefix = self.scan_tag_directive_prefix(start_mark)
+        return (handle, prefix)
+
+    def scan_tag_directive_handle(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        value = self.scan_tag_handle('directive', start_mark)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch != ' ':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected ' ', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return value
+
+    def scan_tag_directive_prefix(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        value = self.scan_tag_uri('directive', start_mark)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected ' ', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return value
+
+    def scan_directive_ignored_line(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        if self.peek() == '#':
+            while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                self.forward()
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a directive", start_mark,
+                    "expected a comment or a line break, but found %r"
+                        % ch, self.get_mark())
+        self.scan_line_break()
+
+    def scan_anchor(self, TokenClass):
+        # The specification does not restrict characters for anchors and
+        # aliases. This may lead to problems, for instance, the document:
+        #   [ *alias, value ]
+        # can be interpreted in two ways, as
+        #   [ "value" ]
+        # and
+        #   [ *alias , "value" ]
+        # Therefore we restrict aliases to numbers and ASCII letters.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        indicator = self.peek()
+        if indicator == '*':
+            name = 'alias'
+        else:
+            name = 'anchor'
+        self.forward()
+        length = 0
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                or ch in '-_':
+            length += 1
+            ch = self.peek(length)
+        if not length:
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning an %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        value = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029?:,]}%@`':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning an %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected alphabetic or numeric character, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        return TokenClass(value, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_tag(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        ch = self.peek(1)
+        if ch == '<':
+            handle = None
+            self.forward(2)
+            suffix = self.scan_tag_uri('tag', start_mark)
+            if self.peek() != '>':
+                raise ScannerError("while parsing a tag", start_mark,
+                        "expected '>', but found %r" % self.peek(),
+                        self.get_mark())
+            self.forward()
+        elif ch in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            handle = None
+            suffix = '!'
+            self.forward()
+        else:
+            length = 1
+            use_handle = False
+            while ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                if ch == '!':
+                    use_handle = True
+                    break
+                length += 1
+                ch = self.peek(length)
+            handle = '!'
+            if use_handle:
+                handle = self.scan_tag_handle('tag', start_mark)
+            else:
+                handle = '!'
+                self.forward()
+            suffix = self.scan_tag_uri('tag', start_mark)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a tag", start_mark,
+                    "expected ' ', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        value = (handle, suffix)
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        return TagToken(value, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_block_scalar(self, style):
+        # See the specification for details.
+
+        if style == '>':
+            folded = True
+        else:
+            folded = False
+
+        chunks = []
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+
+        # Scan the header.
+        self.forward()
+        chomping, increment = self.scan_block_scalar_indicators(start_mark)
+        self.scan_block_scalar_ignored_line(start_mark)
+
+        # Determine the indentation level and go to the first non-empty line.
+        min_indent = self.indent+1
+        if min_indent < 1:
+            min_indent = 1
+        if increment is None:
+            breaks, max_indent, end_mark = self.scan_block_scalar_indentation()
+            indent = max(min_indent, max_indent)
+        else:
+            indent = min_indent+increment-1
+            breaks, end_mark = self.scan_block_scalar_breaks(indent)
+        line_break = ''
+
+        # Scan the inner part of the block scalar.
+        while self.column == indent and self.peek() != '\0':
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+            leading_non_space = self.peek() not in ' \t'
+            length = 0
+            while self.peek(length) not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                length += 1
+            chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+            self.forward(length)
+            line_break = self.scan_line_break()
+            breaks, end_mark = self.scan_block_scalar_breaks(indent)
+            if self.column == indent and self.peek() != '\0':
+
+                # Unfortunately, folding rules are ambiguous.
+                #
+                # This is the folding according to the specification:
+                
+                if folded and line_break == '\n'    \
+                        and leading_non_space and self.peek() not in ' \t':
+                    if not breaks:
+                        chunks.append(' ')
+                else:
+                    chunks.append(line_break)
+                
+                # This is Clark Evans's interpretation (also in the spec
+                # examples):
+                #
+                #if folded and line_break == '\n':
+                #    if not breaks:
+                #        if self.peek() not in ' \t':
+                #            chunks.append(' ')
+                #        else:
+                #            chunks.append(line_break)
+                #else:
+                #    chunks.append(line_break)
+            else:
+                break
+
+        # Chomp the tail.
+        if chomping is not False:
+            chunks.append(line_break)
+        if chomping is True:
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+
+        # We are done.
+        return ScalarToken(''.join(chunks), False, start_mark, end_mark,
+                style)
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_indicators(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chomping = None
+        increment = None
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch in '+-':
+            if ch == '+':
+                chomping = True
+            else:
+                chomping = False
+            self.forward()
+            ch = self.peek()
+            if ch in '0123456789':
+                increment = int(ch)
+                if increment == 0:
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                            "expected indentation indicator in the range 1-9, but found 0",
+                            self.get_mark())
+                self.forward()
+        elif ch in '0123456789':
+            increment = int(ch)
+            if increment == 0:
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                        "expected indentation indicator in the range 1-9, but found 0",
+                        self.get_mark())
+            self.forward()
+            ch = self.peek()
+            if ch in '+-':
+                if ch == '+':
+                    chomping = True
+                else:
+                    chomping = False
+                self.forward()
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0 \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                    "expected chomping or indentation indicators, but found %r"
+                    % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return chomping, increment
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_ignored_line(self, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        while self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        if self.peek() == '#':
+            while self.peek() not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                self.forward()
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch not in '\0\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a block scalar", start_mark,
+                    "expected a comment or a line break, but found %r" % ch,
+                    self.get_mark())
+        self.scan_line_break()
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_indentation(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        max_indent = 0
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        while self.peek() in ' \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            if self.peek() != ' ':
+                chunks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+                end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            else:
+                self.forward()
+                if self.column > max_indent:
+                    max_indent = self.column
+        return chunks, max_indent, end_mark
+
+    def scan_block_scalar_breaks(self, indent):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        while self.column < indent and self.peek() == ' ':
+            self.forward()
+        while self.peek() in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            chunks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            while self.column < indent and self.peek() == ' ':
+                self.forward()
+        return chunks, end_mark
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar(self, style):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # Note that we loose indentation rules for quoted scalars. Quoted
+        # scalars don't need to adhere indentation because " and ' clearly
+        # mark the beginning and the end of them. Therefore we are less
+        # restrictive then the specification requires. We only need to check
+        # that document separators are not included in scalars.
+        if style == '"':
+            double = True
+        else:
+            double = False
+        chunks = []
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        quote = self.peek()
+        self.forward()
+        chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_non_spaces(double, start_mark))
+        while self.peek() != quote:
+            chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_spaces(double, start_mark))
+            chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_non_spaces(double, start_mark))
+        self.forward()
+        end_mark = self.get_mark()
+        return ScalarToken(''.join(chunks), False, start_mark, end_mark,
+                style)
+
+    ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS = {
+        '0':    '\0',
+        'a':    '\x07',
+        'b':    '\x08',
+        't':    '\x09',
+        '\t':   '\x09',
+        'n':    '\x0A',
+        'v':    '\x0B',
+        'f':    '\x0C',
+        'r':    '\x0D',
+        'e':    '\x1B',
+        ' ':    '\x20',
+        '\"':   '\"',
+        '\\':   '\\',
+        '/':    '/',
+        'N':    '\x85',
+        '_':    '\xA0',
+        'L':    '\u2028',
+        'P':    '\u2029',
+    }
+
+    ESCAPE_CODES = {
+        'x':    2,
+        'u':    4,
+        'U':    8,
+    }
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar_non_spaces(self, double, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        while True:
+            length = 0
+            while self.peek(length) not in '\'\"\\\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                length += 1
+            if length:
+                chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+                self.forward(length)
+            ch = self.peek()
+            if not double and ch == '\'' and self.peek(1) == '\'':
+                chunks.append('\'')
+                self.forward(2)
+            elif (double and ch == '\'') or (not double and ch in '\"\\'):
+                chunks.append(ch)
+                self.forward()
+            elif double and ch == '\\':
+                self.forward()
+                ch = self.peek()
+                if ch in self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS:
+                    chunks.append(self.ESCAPE_REPLACEMENTS[ch])
+                    self.forward()
+                elif ch in self.ESCAPE_CODES:
+                    length = self.ESCAPE_CODES[ch]
+                    self.forward()
+                    for k in range(length):
+                        if self.peek(k) not in '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef':
+                            raise ScannerError("while scanning a double-quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                                    "expected escape sequence of %d hexadecimal numbers, but found %r" %
+                                        (length, self.peek(k)), self.get_mark())
+                    code = int(self.prefix(length), 16)
+                    chunks.append(chr(code))
+                    self.forward(length)
+                elif ch in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                    self.scan_line_break()
+                    chunks.extend(self.scan_flow_scalar_breaks(double, start_mark))
+                else:
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a double-quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                            "found unknown escape character %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+            else:
+                return chunks
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar_spaces(self, double, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        length = 0
+        while self.peek(length) in ' \t':
+            length += 1
+        whitespaces = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch == '\0':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                    "found unexpected end of stream", self.get_mark())
+        elif ch in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            line_break = self.scan_line_break()
+            breaks = self.scan_flow_scalar_breaks(double, start_mark)
+            if line_break != '\n':
+                chunks.append(line_break)
+            elif not breaks:
+                chunks.append(' ')
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+        else:
+            chunks.append(whitespaces)
+        return chunks
+
+    def scan_flow_scalar_breaks(self, double, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        chunks = []
+        while True:
+            # Instead of checking indentation, we check for document
+            # separators.
+            prefix = self.prefix(3)
+            if (prefix == '---' or prefix == '...')   \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a quoted scalar", start_mark,
+                        "found unexpected document separator", self.get_mark())
+            while self.peek() in ' \t':
+                self.forward()
+            if self.peek() in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                chunks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+            else:
+                return chunks
+
+    def scan_plain(self):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # We add an additional restriction for the flow context:
+        #   plain scalars in the flow context cannot contain ',' or '?'.
+        # We also keep track of the `allow_simple_key` flag here.
+        # Indentation rules are loosed for the flow context.
+        chunks = []
+        start_mark = self.get_mark()
+        end_mark = start_mark
+        indent = self.indent+1
+        # We allow zero indentation for scalars, but then we need to check for
+        # document separators at the beginning of the line.
+        #if indent == 0:
+        #    indent = 1
+        spaces = []
+        while True:
+            length = 0
+            if self.peek() == '#':
+                break
+            while True:
+                ch = self.peek(length)
+                if ch in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'    \
+                        or (ch == ':' and
+                                self.peek(length+1) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029'
+                                      + (u',[]{}' if self.flow_level else u''))\
+                        or (self.flow_level and ch in ',?[]{}'):
+                    break
+                length += 1
+            if length == 0:
+                break
+            self.allow_simple_key = False
+            chunks.extend(spaces)
+            chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+            self.forward(length)
+            end_mark = self.get_mark()
+            spaces = self.scan_plain_spaces(indent, start_mark)
+            if not spaces or self.peek() == '#' \
+                    or (not self.flow_level and self.column < indent):
+                break
+        return ScalarToken(''.join(chunks), True, start_mark, end_mark)
+
+    def scan_plain_spaces(self, indent, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # The specification is really confusing about tabs in plain scalars.
+        # We just forbid them completely. Do not use tabs in YAML!
+        chunks = []
+        length = 0
+        while self.peek(length) in ' ':
+            length += 1
+        whitespaces = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch in '\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+            line_break = self.scan_line_break()
+            self.allow_simple_key = True
+            prefix = self.prefix(3)
+            if (prefix == '---' or prefix == '...')   \
+                    and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                return
+            breaks = []
+            while self.peek() in ' \r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                if self.peek() == ' ':
+                    self.forward()
+                else:
+                    breaks.append(self.scan_line_break())
+                    prefix = self.prefix(3)
+                    if (prefix == '---' or prefix == '...')   \
+                            and self.peek(3) in '\0 \t\r\n\x85\u2028\u2029':
+                        return
+            if line_break != '\n':
+                chunks.append(line_break)
+            elif not breaks:
+                chunks.append(' ')
+            chunks.extend(breaks)
+        elif whitespaces:
+            chunks.append(whitespaces)
+        return chunks
+
+    def scan_tag_handle(self, name, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # For some strange reasons, the specification does not allow '_' in
+        # tag handles. I have allowed it anyway.
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch != '!':
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected '!', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        length = 1
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        if ch != ' ':
+            while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                    or ch in '-_':
+                length += 1
+                ch = self.peek(length)
+            if ch != '!':
+                self.forward(length)
+                raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                        "expected '!', but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+            length += 1
+        value = self.prefix(length)
+        self.forward(length)
+        return value
+
+    def scan_tag_uri(self, name, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        # Note: we do not check if URI is well-formed.
+        chunks = []
+        length = 0
+        ch = self.peek(length)
+        while '0' <= ch <= '9' or 'A' <= ch <= 'Z' or 'a' <= ch <= 'z'  \
+                or ch in '-;/?:@&=+$,_.!~*\'()[]%':
+            if ch == '%':
+                chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+                self.forward(length)
+                length = 0
+                chunks.append(self.scan_uri_escapes(name, start_mark))
+            else:
+                length += 1
+            ch = self.peek(length)
+        if length:
+            chunks.append(self.prefix(length))
+            self.forward(length)
+            length = 0
+        if not chunks:
+            raise ScannerError("while parsing a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                    "expected URI, but found %r" % ch, self.get_mark())
+        return ''.join(chunks)
+
+    def scan_uri_escapes(self, name, start_mark):
+        # See the specification for details.
+        codes = []
+        mark = self.get_mark()
+        while self.peek() == '%':
+            self.forward()
+            for k in range(2):
+                if self.peek(k) not in '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef':
+                    raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark,
+                            "expected URI escape sequence of 2 hexadecimal numbers, but found %r"
+                            % self.peek(k), self.get_mark())
+            codes.append(int(self.prefix(2), 16))
+            self.forward(2)
+        try:
+            value = bytes(codes).decode('utf-8')
+        except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
+            raise ScannerError("while scanning a %s" % name, start_mark, str(exc), mark)
+        return value
+
+    def scan_line_break(self):
+        # Transforms:
+        #   '\r\n'      :   '\n'
+        #   '\r'        :   '\n'
+        #   '\n'        :   '\n'
+        #   '\x85'      :   '\n'
+        #   '\u2028'    :   '\u2028'
+        #   '\u2029     :   '\u2029'
+        #   default     :   ''
+        ch = self.peek()
+        if ch in '\r\n\x85':
+            if self.prefix(2) == '\r\n':
+                self.forward(2)
+            else:
+                self.forward()
+            return '\n'
+        elif ch in '\u2028\u2029':
+            self.forward()
+            return ch
+        return ''
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/serializer.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/serializer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe911e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/serializer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+
+__all__ = ['Serializer', 'SerializerError']
+
+from .error import YAMLError
+from .events import *
+from .nodes import *
+
+class SerializerError(YAMLError):
+    pass
+
+class Serializer:
+
+    ANCHOR_TEMPLATE = 'id%03d'
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding=None,
+            explicit_start=None, explicit_end=None, version=None, tags=None):
+        self.use_encoding = encoding
+        self.use_explicit_start = explicit_start
+        self.use_explicit_end = explicit_end
+        self.use_version = version
+        self.use_tags = tags
+        self.serialized_nodes = {}
+        self.anchors = {}
+        self.last_anchor_id = 0
+        self.closed = None
+
+    def open(self):
+        if self.closed is None:
+            self.emit(StreamStartEvent(encoding=self.use_encoding))
+            self.closed = False
+        elif self.closed:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is closed")
+        else:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is already opened")
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self.closed is None:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is not opened")
+        elif not self.closed:
+            self.emit(StreamEndEvent())
+            self.closed = True
+
+    #def __del__(self):
+    #    self.close()
+
+    def serialize(self, node):
+        if self.closed is None:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is not opened")
+        elif self.closed:
+            raise SerializerError("serializer is closed")
+        self.emit(DocumentStartEvent(explicit=self.use_explicit_start,
+            version=self.use_version, tags=self.use_tags))
+        self.anchor_node(node)
+        self.serialize_node(node, None, None)
+        self.emit(DocumentEndEvent(explicit=self.use_explicit_end))
+        self.serialized_nodes = {}
+        self.anchors = {}
+        self.last_anchor_id = 0
+
+    def anchor_node(self, node):
+        if node in self.anchors:
+            if self.anchors[node] is None:
+                self.anchors[node] = self.generate_anchor(node)
+        else:
+            self.anchors[node] = None
+            if isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+                for item in node.value:
+                    self.anchor_node(item)
+            elif isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+                for key, value in node.value:
+                    self.anchor_node(key)
+                    self.anchor_node(value)
+
+    def generate_anchor(self, node):
+        self.last_anchor_id += 1
+        return self.ANCHOR_TEMPLATE % self.last_anchor_id
+
+    def serialize_node(self, node, parent, index):
+        alias = self.anchors[node]
+        if node in self.serialized_nodes:
+            self.emit(AliasEvent(alias))
+        else:
+            self.serialized_nodes[node] = True
+            self.descend_resolver(parent, index)
+            if isinstance(node, ScalarNode):
+                detected_tag = self.resolve(ScalarNode, node.value, (True, False))
+                default_tag = self.resolve(ScalarNode, node.value, (False, True))
+                implicit = (node.tag == detected_tag), (node.tag == default_tag)
+                self.emit(ScalarEvent(alias, node.tag, implicit, node.value,
+                    style=node.style))
+            elif isinstance(node, SequenceNode):
+                implicit = (node.tag
+                            == self.resolve(SequenceNode, node.value, True))
+                self.emit(SequenceStartEvent(alias, node.tag, implicit,
+                    flow_style=node.flow_style))
+                index = 0
+                for item in node.value:
+                    self.serialize_node(item, node, index)
+                    index += 1
+                self.emit(SequenceEndEvent())
+            elif isinstance(node, MappingNode):
+                implicit = (node.tag
+                            == self.resolve(MappingNode, node.value, True))
+                self.emit(MappingStartEvent(alias, node.tag, implicit,
+                    flow_style=node.flow_style))
+                for key, value in node.value:
+                    self.serialize_node(key, node, None)
+                    self.serialize_node(value, node, key)
+                self.emit(MappingEndEvent())
+            self.ascend_resolver()
+
diff --git a/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/tokens.py b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/tokens.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d0b48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/yaml/tokens.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+
+class Token(object):
+    def __init__(self, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+    def __repr__(self):
+        attributes = [key for key in self.__dict__
+                if not key.endswith('_mark')]
+        attributes.sort()
+        arguments = ', '.join(['%s=%r' % (key, getattr(self, key))
+                for key in attributes])
+        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, arguments)
+
+#class BOMToken(Token):
+#    id = '<byte order mark>'
+
+class DirectiveToken(Token):
+    id = '<directive>'
+    def __init__(self, name, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class DocumentStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<document start>'
+
+class DocumentEndToken(Token):
+    id = '<document end>'
+
+class StreamStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<stream start>'
+    def __init__(self, start_mark=None, end_mark=None,
+            encoding=None):
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+class StreamEndToken(Token):
+    id = '<stream end>'
+
+class BlockSequenceStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<block sequence start>'
+
+class BlockMappingStartToken(Token):
+    id = '<block mapping start>'
+
+class BlockEndToken(Token):
+    id = '<block end>'
+
+class FlowSequenceStartToken(Token):
+    id = '['
+
+class FlowMappingStartToken(Token):
+    id = '{'
+
+class FlowSequenceEndToken(Token):
+    id = ']'
+
+class FlowMappingEndToken(Token):
+    id = '}'
+
+class KeyToken(Token):
+    id = '?'
+
+class ValueToken(Token):
+    id = ':'
+
+class BlockEntryToken(Token):
+    id = '-'
+
+class FlowEntryToken(Token):
+    id = ','
+
+class AliasToken(Token):
+    id = '<alias>'
+    def __init__(self, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class AnchorToken(Token):
+    id = '<anchor>'
+    def __init__(self, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class TagToken(Token):
+    id = '<tag>'
+    def __init__(self, value, start_mark, end_mark):
+        self.value = value
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+
+class ScalarToken(Token):
+    id = '<scalar>'
+    def __init__(self, value, plain, start_mark, end_mark, style=None):
+        self.value = value
+        self.plain = plain
+        self.start_mark = start_mark
+        self.end_mark = end_mark
+        self.style = style
+
diff --git a/venv/lib64 b/venv/lib64
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..7951405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/lib64
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+lib
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/venv/pyvenv.cfg b/venv/pyvenv.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e010925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/venv/pyvenv.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+home = /usr/bin
+include-system-site-packages = false
+version = 3.12.3
+executable = /usr/bin/python3.12
+command = /usr/bin/python3 -m venv /home/william/dev/theta42/sovereign-orchestrator/venv